bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Researching masculinities, narrating sexual difference
Authors: Germon Jennifer 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to engage with a foundational gendered imaginary in Western medical and popular discourse regarding fetal sexual development. It is an imaginary that consists of dual narratives that bolster an oppositional complementary model of sex-gender. By these accounts male sexual development results from complex and multi-faceted processes generated by the Y chromosome while female sexual development is straightforward, articulated through a discourse of “default sex” (Jost, 1953). Such apparent truths fit seamlessly with the timeworn notion of maleness and masculinity as always already active, and femaleness and femininity always and inevitably passive. In other words, he does and she is.Design/methodology/approach– Despite embryogenetic findings thoroughly debunking these ideas, contemporary medical and biological textbooks remain haunted by outdated androcentric models of sex development. This paper attends to biomedical and everyday understandings of sex and gender to demonstrate how fresh lines of inquiry produce conditions that enable new ways of understanding bodies and embodied experiences.Findings– This paper demonstrates how new ways of thinking can lead to a new understanding with regards to sex, gender, bodies, and experiences.Originality/value– This paper attends to biomedical and everyday understandings of sex and gender to demonstrate how fresh lines of inquiry produce conditions that enable new ways of understanding bodies and embodied experiences.
Euler deconvolution in a radial coordinate system
Authors: Cooper G.R.J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces the conversion of Euler's equation from a Cartesian coordinate system to a radial coordinate system, and then demonstrates that for sources of the type 1/rN (where r is the distance to the source, and N is the structural index) it can be solved at each point in space without the need for inversion, for a known structural index. It is shown that although the distance to the source that is obtained from Euler's equation depends on the structural index used, the direction to the source does not. For some models, such as the gravity and magnetic response of a contact, calculation of the analytic signal amplitude of the data is necessary prior to the application of the method. Effective noise attenuation strategies, such as the use of moving windows of data points, are also discussed. The method is applied to gravity and magnetic data from South Africa, and yields plausible results.
Postoperative ileus: mechanisms and future directions for research
Authors: Vather Ryash , O'Grady Greg , Bissett Ian P , Dinning Phil G 
Published: April 2014

SummaryPostoperative ileus (POI) is an abnormal pattern of gastrointestinal motility characterized by nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension and/or delayed passage of flatus or stool, which may occur following surgery. Postoperative ileus slows recovery, increases the risk of developing postoperative complications and confers a significant financial load on healthcare institutions. The aim of the present review is to provide a succinct overview of the clinical features and pathophysiological mechanisms of POI, with final comment on selected directions for future research.Terminology used when describing POI is inconsistent, with little differentiation made between the obligatory period of gut dysfunction seen after surgery (‘normal POI’) and the more clinically and pathologically significant entity of a ‘prolonged POI’. Both normal and prolonged POI represent a fundamentally similar pathophysiological phenomenon. The aetiology of POI is postulated to be multifactorial, with principal mediators being inflammatory cell activation, autonomic dysfunction (both primarily and as part of the surgical stress response), agonism at gut opioid receptors, modulation of gastrointestinal hormone activity and electrolyte derangements. A final common pathway for these effectors is impaired contractility and motility and gut wall oedema. There are many potential directions for future research. In particular, there remains scope to accurately characterize the gastrointestinal dysfunction that underscores an ileus, development of an accurate risk stratification tool will facilitate early implementation of preventive measures and clinical appraisal of novel therapeutic strategies that target individual pathways in the pathogenesis of ileus warrant further investigation.
Increasing use of antibiotics in pregnancy during the period 2000–2010: prevalence, timing, category, and demographics
Authors: Broe A , Pottegård A , Lamont RF , Jørgensen JS , Damkier P 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the use of antibiotics in a national population‐based cohort of pregnant Danish women between 2000 and 2010.DesignRegister‐based, population‐wide, cohort study.SettingDenmark, from 2000 to 2010.PopulationAll pregnancies among Danish residents during the period 2000–2010 were included for analysis.MethodsData were obtained from the Danish Medical Birth Registry, the Danish National Patient Registry, and the Registry of Medicinal Product Statistics. The filled prescriptions for systemic antibacterial, antimycotic, and antiviral drugs, as well as intravaginally applied antibiotics, were analysed. Associations with demographic variables were assessed using multivariate analysis.Main outcome measuresFilled prescriptions for antibiotic drugs during pregnancy.ResultsWe included 987 973 pregnancies in Denmark from 2000 to 2010; 38.9% of women with a delivery and 14.8% of women with a miscarriage or termination of pregnancy had one or more antibiotic treatments during pregnancy. Systemic antibacterial drugs were the most frequently used drug group, with filled prescriptions for 33.4% of all deliveries and 12.6% of all abortions. This proportion increased from 28.4% in 2000 to 37.0% in 2010 among deliveries. The biggest change was seen for pivmecillinam, which increased among deliveries from 6.3% in 2000 to 19.5% in 2010. Obese (odds ratio 1.51; 95% CI 1.47–1.56), young (odds ratio 1.35; 95% CI 1.30–1.39), and low‐educated women (odds ratio 1.37; 95% CI 1.35–1.1.39) tended to fill more prescriptions of antibiotics during pregnancy.ConclusionsOverall, the number of women who filled prescriptions of antibiotics increased during the 11‐year study period. In 2010, at least 41.5% of all deliveries were exposed to antibiotic therapy during pregnancy.
Adjunct ultrasonography in children with suspected acute appendicitis: identifying the optimal target group
Authors: Bullapur Harsha M. , Deshpande Aniruddh V. , Phin Susan J. , Cohen Ralph C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundRole of ultrasonography in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children is being debated. This study was conducted ahead of a clinical trial and aimed to evaluate the adjunctive role of ultrasonography in this group.MethodsRetrospective chart review of consecutive children undergoing appendicectomy in an Australian tertiary children's hospital over 24 months. Two study groups were: clinical assessment and clinical assessment plus ultrasonography. The accuracy of diagnosis was compared by generating estimates for sensitivity and positive predictive value using histopathology of the appendix as the reference standard. The incremental value of ultrasonography was evaluated in subgroups of gender, age and clinical severity.ResultsTwo hundred ninety‐five children (170 boys, median age 10 years) were included in the study. Negative appendicectomy rate was 17.3%; 10.4% in the clinical assessment group (n = 134) and 23% in the ultrasonography group (n = 161). Overall sensitivity for diagnosis by clinical assessment (71.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 63.3–79.5) was not significantly different to that using adjunct ultrasonography (77.7%, 95% CI 69.7–85.7; P = 0.29). Adjunct ultrasonography was more sensitive between 7 and 11 years (81% versus 68%, P = 0.002) and possibly in girls (86% versus 73%, P = 0.1), but did not increase the sensitivity of the diagnosis in children who presented with milder symptoms and signs.ConclusionsAdjunct ultrasonography may not increase the overall accuracy of diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children but holds promise in certain subgroups viz. between 7 and 11 years and in girls. There is an increase in negative appendicectomies following a ‘non‐targeted’ use of ultrasonography. Future prospective trials should take cognizance of these findings in designing the subgroup analysis.
Improvement in survival associated with embolisation of spontaneous portosystemic shunt in patients with recurrent hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: An J. , Kim K. W. , Han S. , Lee J. , Lim Y.‐S. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackgroundSpontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS) is a frequent cause of recurrent hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients with cirrhosis.AimTo assess the effectiveness and optimal candidate selection for embolisation of SPSS, for the treatment of recurrent HE in patients with cirrhosis.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study compared 17 patients with recurrent HE who achieved complete occlusion of SPSS by angiographic embolisation and 17 control patients.ResultsMost baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. The 2‐year HE recurrence rate was significantly lower in the embolisation than in the control group (39.9% vs. 79.9%, P = 0.02), whereas their 2‐year overall survival rates were similar (64.7% vs. 53.4%, P = 0.98). Model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) and Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh (CTP) score were significant predictors of 2‐year patient mortality in the embolisation group. Analysis of patients with MELD <15 in the absence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) showed that 2‐year overall survival rate was significantly higher in the embolisation group than in the control group (100% vs. 60%, P = 0.03). The median changes in MELD (−1.6 vs. 2.5, P < 0.01), CTP score (−3 vs. 0, P < 0.01), and liver volume (61 mL vs. −117 mL; P = 0.046) at 1 year significantly favoured the embolisation group. Serious clinical complications after embolisation occurred only in patients who had MELD ≥15 and/or HCC at baseline, with all six dying within 1 year.ConclusionsEmbolisation of a large spontaneous portosystemic shunt may be associated with improved survival and liver function, as well as prevention of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients with recurrent hepatic encephalopathy and modestly preserved liver function.
Retroperitoneoscopic drainage of bilateral psoas abscesses under intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasound guidance
Authors: Kodama Koichi , Takase Yasukazu , Motoi Isamu , Mizuno Hideki , Goshima Kenichi , Sawaguchi Takeshi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDespite improved diagnostic modalities for psoas abscesses, the optimum management strategy is not uniform. A 67‐year‐old man presented with bilateral psoas abscesses secondary to L1–L2 pyogenic discitis. On contrast‐enhanced CT, the largest of these abscesses measured 13 × 14 × 33 mm on the right. The patient developed sepsis caused by Klebsiella pneumonia. There were no signs of improvement after 3 weeks of systematic antibiotic administration. We performed surgical drainage of bilateral psoas abscesses by retroperitoneoscopy. Intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasound was useful to determine abscess location in the muscles prior to drainage and confirm no residual abscesses after drainage. The patient was afebrile 3 days later, and his clinical symptoms resolved. Retroperitoneoscopic drainage may represent a feasible minimally invasive therapeutic option for psoas abscess, and intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasound has the potential to increase the safety and efficacy of this surgical procedure.
Sequencing the threat and recommendation components of persuasive messages differentially improves the effectiveness of high‐ and low‐distressing imagery in an anti‐alcohol message in students
Authors: Brown Stephen L. , West Charlotte 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesDistressing imagery is often used to improve the persuasiveness of mass‐reach health promotion messages, but its effectiveness may be limited because audiences avoid attending to content. Prior self‐affirmation or self‐efficacy inductions have been shown to reduce avoidance and improve audience responsiveness to distressing messages, but these are difficult to introduce into a mass‐reach context. Reasoning that a behavioural recommendation may have a similar effect, we reversed the traditional threat‐behavioural recommendation health promotion message sequence.Design2 × 2 experimental design: Factor 1, high‐ and low‐distress images; Factor 2, threat‐recommendation and recommendation‐threat sequences.MethodsNinety‐one students were exposed to an identical text message accompanied by high‐ or low‐distress imagery presented in threat‐recommendation and recommendation‐threat sequences.ResultsFor the high‐distress message, greater persuasion was observed for the recommendation‐threat than the threat‐recommendation sequence. This was partially mediated by participants’ greater self‐exposure to the threat component of the message, which we attribute to the effect of sequence in reducing attentional avoidance. For the low‐distress message, greater persuasion was observed for the threat‐recommendation sequence, which was not mediated by reading time allocated to the threat.ConclusionsTailoring message sequence to suit the degree of distress that message developers wish to induce provides a tool that could improve persuasive messages. These findings provide a first step in this process and discuss further steps needed to consolidate and expand these findings.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Health promotion messages accompanied by distressing imagery might, under some circumstances, persuade individuals to engage in healthier behaviour.

Audiences can respond defensively to distressing imagery, but may be less inclined to do so when an easily followed behavioural recommendation is presented before imagery.

Current literature is divided on whether presenting a behavioural recommendation before a threat component accompanied by distressing images will improve the persuasiveness of messages.

What does this study add?

We show that, when a behavioural recommendation precedes a threat containing distressing images, persuasiveness of a threatening message is stronger than a threat‐recommendation sequence.

We show that a recommendation‐threat sequence improves persuasiveness of distressing imagery because it reduces attentional avoidance.
Newly synthesized anticancer drug HUHS1015 is effective on malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Kaku Yoshiko , Nagaya Hisao , Tsuchiya Ayako , Kanno Takeshi , Gotoh Akinobu , Tanaka Akito , Shimizu Tadashi , Nakao Syuhei , Tabata Chiharu , Nakano Takashi , Nishizaki Tomoyuki 
Published: April 2014

The newly synthesized naftopidil analogue HUHS1015 reduced cell viability in malignant pleural mesothelioma cell lines MSTO‐211H, NCI‐H28, NCI‐H2052, and NCI‐H2452, with the potential greater than that for the anticancer drugs paclitaxel or cisplatin at concentrations higher than 30 μM. HUHS1015 induced both necrosis and apoptosis of MSTO‐211H and NCI‐H2052 cells. HUHS1015 upregulated expression of mRNAs for Puma, Hrk, and Noxa in MSTO‐211H and NCI‐H2052 cells, suggesting HUHS1015‐induced mitochondrial apoptosis. HUHS1015 clearly suppressed tumor growth in mice inoculated with NCI‐H2052 cells. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that HUHS1015 could be developed as an effective anticancer drug for treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Functional communication as a predictor of depression and anxiety symptoms among adolescents seeking bariatric surgery
Authors: Curran J. L. , Datto G. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe purpose of the present study was to determine whether functional communication and parent–adolescent relations prospectively predict anxiety and depression symptoms among severely obese adolescents seeking bariatric surgery. Participants included 30 adolescents and their primary caregivers, who presented for enrolment in a study assessing the safety and efficacy of the laparoscopic adjustable gastric band. Adolescents and their caregivers completed questionnaires assessing anxiety and depression symptoms, functional communication, and parent–adolescent relations at baseline and immediately prior to having bariatric surgery. Regression analyses revealed that poorer parent reported functional communication at baseline predicted increases in adolescent reported anxiety and depression symptoms immediately prior to surgery (on average 8.8 months later), above and beyond baseline symptoms. Anxiety and depression symptoms did not predict functional communication over time. Parent–adolescent relations, as reported by the adolescent, were concurrently associated with adolescent reported depression symptoms at baseline, and were concurrently associated with adolescent reported anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as parent reported depression symptoms, immediately prior to surgery. Functional communication may be an important prospective risk factor for the development of anxiety and depression symptoms among severely obese adolescents seeking bariatric surgery, whereas adolescent report of the parent–adolescent relationship appears to be concurrently related to anxiety and depression symptoms. Future research should examine whether specifically targeting communication skills and family relationships within psychological treatment would improve psychosocial functioning among severely obese adolescents.
Tacrolimus exposure in the real world: an analysis from the Mycophenolic acid Observational REnal transplant study
Authors: Shihab Fuad S. , Olyaei Ali , Wiland Anne , McCague Kevin , Norman Douglas J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTacrolimus exposure and renal function data to 36 months post‐transplant were analyzed from the prospective, observational Mycophenolic acid Observational REnal transplant (MORE) registry in which de novo kidney transplant patients were managed according to local practice. Tacrolimus trough (C0) concentration at month 12 was stratified as low (<6 ng/mL), moderate (6–8 ng/mL), or high (>8 ng/mL) in 724 patients. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was stratified as low (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or high (≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2). High tacrolimus C0 (>8 ng/mL) was observed in 47.7%, 34.1%, 26.8%, and 26.7% of patients at baseline and months 12, 24, and 36, respectively. Biopsy‐proven acute rejection was similar to month 36 regardless of tacrolimus C0 category at month 12. Tacrolimus C0 >8 ng/mL vs. <6 ng/mL at month 12 was predictive of low eGFR at month 24 (p = 0.023) with a nonsignificant trend at month 36 (p = 0.085). Infections (p < 0.013) and BK virus infection (p < 0.001) were most frequent in the low tacrolimus C0 cohort. Neutropenia was most frequent in the high tacrolimus C0 category (p = 0.010). In conclusion, over a quarter of patients were exposed to high tacrolimus C0 to 36 months post‐transplant. Tacrolimus exposure did not affect rejection risk, but tacrolimus C0 >8 ng/mL at month 12 was predictive of subsequent low eGFR compared to C0 <6 ng/mL.
Gastroduodenal stenting with Niti‐S stent: Long‐term benefits and additional stent intervention
Authors: Sato Takamitsu , Hara Kazuo , Mizuno Nobumasa , Hijioka Susumu , Imaoka Hiroshi , Niwa Yasumasa , Tajika Masahiro , Tanaka Tsutomu , Ishihara Makoto , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Bhatia Vikram , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Endo Itaru , Maeda Shin , Nakajima Atsushi , Kubota Kensuke , Yamao Kenji 
Published: April 2014

Background and AimSelf‐expandable metallic stents have mainly been used for the palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). However, their use in long‐term survivors and the feasibility, safety and benefit of additional intervention for stent dysfunction remain controversial. The present study examined the long‐term benefits of endoscopic gastroduodenal stenting.MethodsWe reviewed 61 patients treated with Niti‐S stents at several hospitals and estimated the efficacy of stent intervention, stent patency, eating period and factors related to poor effectiveness.ResultsAll 61 first stent interventions and 14 additional stent interventions (11 second interventions and 3 third interventions) were successfully carried out. Clinical success rates were 83.6% and 85.7%, and median stent patency was 214 days and 146 days (P = 0.47), respectively. Fifty patients could be treated with a first stent only, and 11 patients received additional stents. At the time of study termination or death, 70.0% of the former group and 63.6% of the latter group maintained oral intake (P = 0.71), and each 86% and 100% among the group could maintain oral intake for a period exceeding half of their remaining lives after first stent intervention. Karnofsky performance status ≤50 (P = 0.03), ascites (P = 0.009), and peritoneal dissemination (P = 0.001) appeared to be factors related to poor effectiveness.ConclusionsDespite the presence of factors related to poor effectiveness, endoscopic gastroduodenal stenting would be the first treatment of choice for GOO and provide long‐term benefits. If stent dysfunction occurs, additional stent intervention enables continued oral intake safely.
Differential association of insulin resistance with cognitive and somatic symptoms of depression
Authors: Austin A. W. , Gordon J. L. , Lavoie K. L. , Arsenault A. , Dasgupta K. , Bacon S. L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo examine the associations of depressive symptoms with insulin resistance, evaluating somatic and cognitive depressive symptoms separately.MethodsA total of 328 individuals (mean age 60 years) referred for exercise stress testing, taking part in the Mechanisms and Outcomes of Silent Myocardial Ischemia study, completed the Beck Depression Inventory II. A fasting venous blood sample was collected for assessments of insulin and glucose level; the HOMA‐IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) was calculated. In principal component analysis, Beck Depression Inventory II items were forced to load onto two components (somatic and cognitive depressive symptoms). Adjusting for age, sex, BMI, medication use, smoking, physical activity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, general linear model analyses were conducted to examine the associations between the components and log HOMA‐IR .ResultsPrincipal component analysis showed that nine items loaded onto a cognitive depressive symptoms component and 10 items loaded onto a somatic depressive symptoms component. When examined separately, both components were significantly associated with log HOMA‐IR however, when including both components simultaneously in the model, only somatic depressive symptoms remained significantly associated with log HOMA‐IR. Back‐transformed, a one‐unit change in somatic depressive symptoms was associated with a 1.07 (95% CI 1.002, 1.14) change in HOMA‐IR and a one‐unit change in cognitive depressive symptoms was associated with a 1.03 (95% CI 0.97, 1.14) change in HOMA‐IR.ConclusionSomatic depressive symptoms seem to be more strongly associated with insulin resistance than do cognitive depressive symptoms. Monitoring somatic depressive symptoms may be more appropriate than monitoring cognitive depressive symptoms among depressed individuals with high insulin resistance.