bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreasing incidence of late‐stage breast cancer after the introduction of organized mammography screening in Italy
Authors: Foca Flavia , Mancini Silvia , Bucchi Lauro , Puliti Donella , Zappa Marco , Naldoni Carlo , Falcini Fabio , Gambino Maria L. , Piffer Silvano , Sanoja Gonzalez Maria E. , Stracci Fabrizio , Zorzi Manuel , Paci Eugenio ,   the IMPACT Working Group
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUNDAfter the introduction of a mammography screening program, the incidence of late‐stage breast cancer is expected to decrease. The objective of the current study was to evaluate variations in the total incidence of breast cancer and in the incidence of breast cancers with a pathologic tumor (pT) classification of pT2 through pT4 after the introduction of mammography screening in 6 Italian administrative regions.METHODSThe study area included 700 municipalities, with a total population of 692,824 women ages 55 to 74 years, that were targeted by organized mammography screening between 1991 and 2005. The year screening started at the municipal level (year 1) was identified. The years of screening were numbered from 1 to 8. The ratio of the observed 2‐year, age‐standardized (Europe) incidence rate to the expected rate (the incidence rate ratio [IRR]) was calculated. Expected rates were estimated assuming that the incidence of breast cancer was stable and was equivalent to that in the last 3 years before year 1.RESULTSThe study was based on a total of 14,447 incident breast cancers, including 4036 pT2 through pT4 breast cancers. The total IRR was 1.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.03‐1.41) in years 1 and 2, 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.10‐1.21) in years 3 and 4, 1.14 (95% confidence interval, 1.08‐1.20) in years 5 and 6, and 1.14 (95% confidence interval, 1.08‐1.21) in years 7 and 8. The IRR for pT2 through pT4 breast cancers was 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.90‐1.04) in years 1 and 2, 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.75‐0.88) in years 3 and 4, 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.73‐0.87) in years 5 and 6, and 0.71 (95% confidence interval, 0.64‐0.79) in years 7 and 8.CONCLUSIONSA significant and stable decrease in the incidence of late‐stage breast cancer was observed from the third year of screening onward, when the IRR varied between 0.81 and 0.71. Cancer 2013;119:2022–2028. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Heart rate decrease during crizotinib treatment and potential correlation to clinical response
Authors: Ou Sai‐Hong Ignatius , Tong Wilson P. , Azada Michele , Siwak‐Tapp Christina , Dy Joni , Stiber Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUNDCrizotinib is used for the treatment of advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Sinus bradycardia (SB) is a side effect listed in its package insert. We investigated the frequency and timing of SB, patient characteristics associated with SB during crizotinib treatment, and potential correlation between heart rate (HR) changes and clinical response to crizotinib.METHODSA retrospective chart review was conducted of the timing and frequency of SB, patient characteristics, and clinical response of patients to crizotinib treatment.RESULTSForty‐twp patients who had ALK‐rearranged or mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET)‐amplified NSCLC and received treatment with oral crizotinib 250 mg twice daily who were enrolled in 2 crizotinib trials (PROFILE 1001 and PROFILE 1005) were analyzed. There was an average decrease of 26.1 beats per minute (bpm) from the pretreatment HR among all patients during crizotinib treatment. Twenty‐nine patients (69%) experienced at least 1 episode of SB (HR, <60 bpm). The average time to the lowest HR recorded was 18.6 weeks (range, 5‐72 weeks). Patients who experienced SB were significantly older (aged 55.8 years vs 47.8 years; P = .0336), had a lower pretreatment HR (mean, 77.9 bpm vs 100.6 bpm; P = .002), and were on crizotinib longer (52.9 weeks vs 24.6 weeks; P = .0050) than patients who did not experience SB. The overall response rate (P = .0195) and the maximum tumor shrinkage (P = .0205) were significantly greater in patients who experienced SB.CONCLUSIONSHR decrease is common during crizotinib treatment. It remains to be determined whether the correlation between HR decrease and clinical response to crizotinib reflects a biomarker of drug efficacy or a time/cumulative dose‐dependent phenomenon. Cancer 2013;119:1969–1975. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Segregation of parallel inputs to the anteromedial and anteroventral thalamic nuclei of the rat
Authors: Wright Nicholas F. , Vann Seralynne D. , Erichsen Jonathan T. , O'Mara Shane M. , Aggleton John P. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTMany brain structures project to both the anteroventral thalamic nucleus and the anteromedial thalamic nucleus. In the present study, pairs of different tracers were placed into these two thalamic sites in the same rats to determine the extent to which these nuclei receive segregated inputs. Only inputs from the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, the principal extrinsic cholinergic source for these thalamic nuclei, showed a marked degree of collateralization, with approximately 13% of all cells labeled in this tegmental area projecting to both nuclei. Elsewhere, double‐labeled cells were very scarce, making up ∼1% of all labeled cells. Three general patterns of anterior thalamic innervation were detected in these other areas. In some sites, e.g., prelimbic cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and secondary motor area, cells projecting to the anteromedial and anteroventral thalamic nuclei were closely intermingled, with often only subtle distribution differences. These same projections were also often intermingled with inputs to the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, but again there was little or no collateralization. In other sites, e.g., the subiculum and retrosplenial cortex, there was often less overlap of cells projecting to the two anterior thalamic nuclei. A third pattern related to the dense inputs from the medial mammillary nucleus, where well‐defined topographies ensured little intermingling of the neurons that innervate the two thalamic nuclei. The finding that a very small minority of cortical and limbic inputs bifurcates to innervate both anterior thalamic nuclei highlights the potential for parallel information streams to control their functions, despite arising from common regions. J. Comp. Neurol. 521: 2966–2986, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly Regioselective Assembly of Di‐ or Trisubstituted Pyridines from Arynes, Isocyanides, and 3‐Bromo‐ or 3‐Acetoxypropynes
Authors: Sha Feng , Shen Hui , Wu Xin‐Yan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA facile synthetic method for the preparation of di‐ and trisubstituted pyridines with high regioselectivity through an intramolecular pericyclization strategy is disclosed. The multicomponent reaction of isocyanides, arynes, and 3‐bromopropyne affords disubstituted pyridines in good yields. In contrast, the use of 3‐acetoxypropyne results in the formation of trisubstituted pyridines through intramolecular pericyclization of an in situ formed azatriene. In this way, desirable pyridines can be constructed in a one‐pot manner.
Assessment of status of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) populations exposed to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent
Authors: Miller David H. , Tietge Joseph E. , McMaster Mark E. , Munkittrick Kelly R. , Xia Xiangsheng , Ankley Gerald T. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Credible ecological risk assessments often need to include analysis of population-level impacts. In the present study, a predictive model was developed to investigate population dynamics for white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) exposed to pulp mill effluent at a well-studied site in Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior, Canada. The model uniquely combines a Leslie population projection matrix and the logistic equation to translate changes in the fecundity and the age structure of a breeding population of white sucker exposed to pulp mill effluent to alterations in population growth rate. Application of this density-dependent population projection model requires construction of a life table for the organism of interest, a measure of carrying capacity, and an estimation of the effect of stressors on vital rates. A white sucker population existing at carrying capacity and subsequently exposed to pulp mill effluent equivalent to a documented exposure experienced during the period 1988 to 1994 in Jackfish Bay would be expected to exhibit a 34% to 51% annual decrease in recruitment during the first 5 yr of exposure and approach a population size of 71% of carrying capacity. The Jackfish Bay study site contains monitoring data for biochemical endpoints in white sucker, including circulating sex steroid concentrations, that could be combined with population modeling to utilize the model demonstrated at the Jackfish Bay study site for investigation of other white sucker populations at sites that are less data-rich. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1592–1603. © 2013 SETAC
Multi‐scale anomaly detection for high‐speed network traffic
Authors: Jiang Dingde , Yao Cheng , Xu Zhengzheng , Qin Wenda 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAbnormal network traffic has an important impact on network activities and leads to the severe damage to our networks because they are usually related with network faults and network attacks. How to detect effectively network traffic anomalies is an open issue for network researchers. This paper proposes a novel method for detecting traffic anomalies in high‐speed backbone networks, based on multi‐scale analysis. Firstly, the continuous wavelet transforms are performed for network traffic in multiple continuous scales. We then use the principal component analysis for the continuous wavelet transforms in the different scales and extract the nature of the anomalous network traffic. And the new mapping function is constructed to detect the abnormal traffic. Finally, we use the traffic data from the real network to validate our method. Simulation results show that our approach is more promising than the previous method.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Faldaprevir combined with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C virus genotype-1 patients with prior nonresponse: SILEN-C2 trial
Authors: Sulkowski Mark S. , Bourlière Marc , Bronowicki Jean-Pierre , Asselah Tarik , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , Shafran Stephen D. , Pol Stanislas , Mauss Stefan , Larrey Dominique , Datsenko Yakov , Stern Jerry O. , Kukolj George , Scherer Joseph , Nehmiz Gerhard , Steinmann Gerhard G. , Böcher Wulf O. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Faldaprevir (BI 201335) is a potent, hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor. In all, 290 noncirrhotic HCV genotype (GT)-1 patients with prior null (<1 log10 viral load [VL] drop at any time on treatment) or partial response (≥1 log10 VL drop but never undetectable on treatment) were randomized 2:1:1 to receive 48 weeks of peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin (PegIFN/RBV) in combination with faldaprevir 240 mg once daily (QD) with 3 days PegIFN/RBV lead-in (LI), 240 mg QD without LI, or 240 mg twice daily (BID) with LI. Patients in the 240 mg QD/LI group achieving maintained rapid virologic response (mRVR; VL <25 IU/mL [Roche TaqMan] at week 4 and undetectable at weeks 8 to 20) were rerandomized to cease all treatment at week 24 or continue PegIFN/RBV up to week 48. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates were 32%, 50%, and 42% in prior partial responders, and 21%, 35%, and 29% in prior null responders in the faldaprevir 240 mg QD/LI, 240 mg QD, and 240 mg BID/LI groups, respectively. In the 240 mg QD/LI group, a significantly higher proportion of mRVR patients rerandomized to 48 weeks' treatment achieved SVR compared with those assigned to 24 weeks treatment (72% versus 43%;

P

= 0.035). Rates of gastrointestinal disorders, jaundice, dry skin, and photosensitivity were increased at 240 mg BID compared with the 240 mg QD dose. Faldaprevir discontinuations owing to adverse events occurred in 6%, 4%, and 23% of patients in the 240 mg QD/LI, 240 mg QD, and 240 mg BID/LI groups, respectively.

Conclusion

: Faldaprevir 240 mg QD with PegIFN/RBV was safe and tolerable and produced substantial SVR rates in prior null and partial responders. The 240 mg QD dose is currently undergoing phase 3 evaluation.
Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a key regulator of oval cell activation and inflammation-associated liver carcinogenesis in mice
Authors: Pusterla Tobias , Nèmeth Julia , Stein Ilan , Wiechert Lars , Knigin David , Marhenke Silke , Longerich Thomas , Kumar Varun , Arnold Bernd , Vogel Arndt , Bierhaus Angelika , Pikarsky Eli , Hess Jochen , Angel Peter 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a multiligand receptor and member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. RAGE is mainly involved in tissue damage and chronic inflammatory disorders, sustaining the inflammatory response upon engagement with damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) such as S100 proteins and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Enhanced expression of RAGE and its ligands has been demonstrated in distinct tumors and several studies support its crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis by still unknown mechanisms. Here we show that RAGE supports hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation in the Mdr2−/−
mouse model, a prototype model of inflammation-driven HCC formation, which mimics the human pathology. Mdr2−/− Rage−/−
(dKO) mice developed smaller and fewer HCCs than Mdr2−/−
mice. Interestingly, although in preneoplastic Mdr2−/− livers RAGE ablation did not affect the onset of inflammation, premalignant dKO livers showed reduced liver damage and fibrosis, in association with decreased oval cell activation. Oval cells expressed high RAGE levels and displayed reduced proliferation upon RAGE silencing. Moreover, stimulation of oval cells with HMGB1 promoted an ERK1/2-Cyclin D1-dependent oval cell proliferation in vitro. Finally, genetic and pharmacologic blockade of RAGE signaling impaired oval cell activation in an independent mouse model of oval cell activation, the choline deficient ethionine-supplemented dietary regime. Conclusion: Our data identified a novel function of RAGE in regulating oval cell activation and tumor development in inflammation-associated liver carcinogenesis. (Hepatology 2013)
Analysis of the effect of breast magnetic resonance imaging on the outcome in women undergoing breast conservation surgery with radiation therapy
Authors: Ko Eun Sook , Han Boo‐Kyung , Kim Rock Bum , Ko Eun Young , Shin Jung Hee , Nam Sang Yu , Nam Meeyoung , Nam Seok Jin , Lee Jeong Eon , Kil Won Ho , Lee Se‐Kyung 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundIt remains uncertain whether MRI identification of additional foci of disease leads to improved outcome. We undertook a study to evaluate the influence of breast MRI on early and long‐term outcome.MethodsAmong 1,271 patients undergone breast cancer surgery between January 2005 and December 2006, 785 patients were attempted for BCS. Operative approach and radiologic findings were compared according to MRI use. We reselected 615 patients with unilateral early‐stage breast cancer treated with BCS including RT. We compared the histopathologic characteristics and outcomes according to MRI use.ResultsIn patients attempted for BCS (n = 785), re‐excision rates were not significantly different according to MRI use (P = 1.000). Conversion to mastectomy or bilateral cancer surgery were higher in MRI group (P = 0.002). The IBTR rate was higher in the non‐MRI group (P = 0.020). Difference in contralateral cancer rate and total recurrence rates failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.168, 0.383, respectively). Multivariate study after adjustment showed no difference in recurrence rates and IBTR rates between the two groups (hazard ratios 1.34, 6.37Ps = 0.385, 0.076).ConclusionUse of MRI in patients with early‐stage breast cancer did not result in improvement of a patient's outcome. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:815–821. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increasing incidence and survival of a rare skin cancer in the Netherlands. A population‐based study of 2,220 cases of skin adnexal carcinoma
Authors: Stam Hanneke , Lohuis Peter J.F.M. , Zupan‐Kajcovski Biljana , Wouters Michel W.J.M. , van der Hage Jos A. , Visser Otto 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgrounds and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology and treatment of skin adnexal carcinoma (SAC) in the Netherlands and to identify prognostic factors for survival in patients with SAC.MethodsWe used population‐based nationwide data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry with cases diagnosed during 1989–2010 and followed up to February 1st, 2012.ResultsA total of 2,220 SACs were diagnosed during 1989–2010 (age‐standardized incidence rate 5.3 per million). Incidence increased by 2.7% and 1.7% annually in males and females, respectively. Fifteen different morphological types were registered. The 5‐year relative survival rate increased from 80% in 1989–1994 to 91% in 2006–2010. The majority of all patients (91%) received surgery. Adjuvant radiotherapy and/or lymph node dissection was performed in only a minority of cases. The risk of death was significantly higher in patients who did not receive surgery.ConclusionsThe rising incidence of SAC together with the predilection for the head and neck region suggests a role for UV radiation in the carcinogenesis of SAC. Furthermore, we found an improved survival of SAC in the Netherlands between 1989 and 2010. In view of the low proportion of patients receiving adjuvant therapy there may be further room for improving survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:822–827. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immediate complications related to anesthesia in patients undergoing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Talei Benjamin , Cossu Anne L. , Slepian Ralph , Kacker Ashutosh 
Published: March 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo analyze and assess the perioperative risks and complications in patients receiving general anesthesia undergoing surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Study DesignRetrospective chart review of patients with documented OSA who underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) with or without septoplasty for OSA between January 2009 and January 2010 at a specific institution. Anesthesia, operative, clinical, and postoperative/recovery nursing records were collected and reviewed for predetermined complications and risk factors.MethodsChart review was performed via electronic medical records, reviewing the perioperative course of 32 patients undergoing UPPP as identified by Current Procedural Terminology coding. Perioperative, clinical, and anesthetic records were reviewed for any complications and risks, defined as any adverse event delaying surgical progress or recovery along with any additional risk to patient safety. Criteria included interventions beyond those involved in undergoing routine general anesthesia. This included difficult intubation, reintubation, postoperative pulmonary edema, postoperative desaturations, and/or need for continuous positive airway pressure. The data obtained were stratified into results for intubation and special equipment needed along with airway visibility and intubation technique, reintubation, induction and supplemental drugs, neuromuscular blockade, neuromuscular blockade reversal, pain medications, body mass index, and overall anesthesia risk.ResultsThirty‐two patients were reviewed with no severe adverse events such as reintubation, prolonged intubation, or postoperative pulmonary edema. Patients who were difficult to intubate or required nasal/oral airways failed to show any adverse outcomes.ConclusionsPatients undergoing surgery for OSA are considered to be at increased risk of complications. Review of 32 patients failed to show any life‐threatening risks or complications.Level of Evidence4.Laryngoscope, 123:2892–2895, 2013
Facial nerve prognostication in vestibular schwannoma surgery: The concept of percent maximum and its predictability
Authors: Arnoldner Christoph , Mick Paul , Pirouzmand Farhad , Houlden David , Lin Vincent Y. M. , Nedzelski Julian M. , Chen Joseph M. 
Published: March 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate percent maximum as an intraoperative facial nerve measurement for the long‐term prognostication of vestibular schwannoma surgery.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsEvoked amplitude responses to varying levels of stimulus intensity at the nerve root were compared to their supramaximal responses (Mmax) as a percentage, that is, percent maximum. Response charts were constructed for each of the levels of stimulus intensity between 0.05 to 0.3 mA, vis‐à‐vis facial nerve outcome at 1 year, to establish sensitivities, specificities, and positive predictive values. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the impact of sex, age, tumor size, and historically defined response parameter on outcomes.ResultsSeventy‐eight patients who underwent vestibular schwannoma surgeries between 2005 and 2010 were studied. The positive predictive value (PPV) of a good facial nerve outcome, defined as House‐Brackmann (HB) I‐II, increases with percent maximum responses. A 90% PPV could be established when the response amplitude was 50% or greater compared to Mmax. Long‐term prognostication appeared best at a higher stimulus level of 0.3 mA. Age and sex did not have an impact on outcome, but tumor size did; with each centimeter increase in tumor size, patients were 105% more likely to have a poor outcome (HB III‐VI). If the response parameter “≥240 μV at 0.05 mA” was not present, there was a trend toward poor outcome.ConclusionsPercent maximum is a valid intraoperative monitoring measure to prognosticate long‐term facial nerve outcome. It should be considered a complementary method of monitoring when evoked responses do not conform to conventional predictors.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2533–2538, 2013
Quercetin and quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide are equally effective in ameliorating endothelial insulin resistance through inhibition of reactive oxygen species‐associated inflammation
Authors: Guo Xu‐Dan , Zhang Dong‐Yan , Gao Xue‐Jiao , Parry John , Liu Kang , Liu Bao‐Lin , Wang Min 
Published: March 2013

ScopeQuercetin represents antioxidative/antiinflammatory flavonoids widely distributed in the human diet. Quercetin is efficiently metabolized during absorption to quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide. This study aims to parallelly investigate whether quercetin and quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide exert protection against palmitate (PA)‐induced inflammation and insulin resistance in the endothelium.Methods and resultsHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells were pretreated with quercetin and quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide for 30 min, and then incubated with 100 μM PA for 30 min or 12 h with or without insulin. PA stimulation led to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production with collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). Quercetin and quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide inhibited ROS overproduction and effectively restored Δψm, demonstrating their chemorpotection of mitochondrial function through antioxidative actions. Also, quercetin and quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide inhibited ROS‐associated inflammation by inhibition of interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α production with suppression of IKKβ/NF‐κB phosphorylation. Inflammation impaired insulin PI3K signaling and reduced insulin‐mediated nitric oxide (NO) production. Quercetin and quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide facilitated PI3K signaling by positive regulation of serine/tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1) and restoration of downstream Akt/eNOS activation, leading to an increased insulin‐mediated NO level.ConclusionThe above‐mentioned evidence indicates that quercetin and quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide are equally effective in inhibiting ROS‐associated inflammation and ameliorating insulin resistant endothelial dysfunction by beneficial regulation of IRS‐1 function.