bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a Critical Ethical Reflexivity: Phenomenology and Language in Maurice Merleau‐Ponty
Authors: Murray Stuart J. , Holmes Dave 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWorking within the tradition of continental philosophy, this article argues in favour of a phenomenological understanding of language as a crucial component of bioethical inquiry. The authors challenge the ‘commonsense’ view of language, in which thinking appears as prior to speaking, and speech the straightforward vehicle of pre‐existing thoughts. Drawing on Maurice Merleau‐Ponty's (1908–1961) phenomenology of language, the authors claim that thinking takes place in and through the spoken word, in and through embodied language. This view resituates bioethics as a matter of bodies that speak. It also refigures the meaning of ethical self‐reflexion, and in so doing offers an alternative view on reflexivity and critique. Referring to the Kantian critical tradition and its reception by Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault, we advance a position we call ‘critical ethical reflexivity’. We contend that Merleau‐Ponty's phenomenology of language offers valuable insight into ethical reflexivity and subject formation. Moreover, his understanding of language may foster new qualitative empirical research in bioethics, lead to more nuanced methods for interpreting personal narratives, and promote critical self‐reflexion as necessary for bioethical inquiry.
Global Health and Justice: Re‐examining our Values
Authors: Benatar Solomon R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWidening disparities in health within and between nations reflect a trajectory of ‘progress’ that has ‘run its course’ and needs to be significantly modified if progress is to be sustainable. Values and a value system that have enabled progress are now being distorted to the point where they undermine the future of global health by generating multiple crises that perpetuate injustice. Reliance on philanthropy for rectification, while necessary in the short and medium terms, is insufficient to address the challenge of economic and other systems spinning out of control. Innovative approaches are required and it is suggested that these could best emerge from in‐depth multidisciplinary research supported by endeavours to promote a ‘global mind‐set.’
Not the Usual Suspects: Addressing Layers of Vulnerability
Authors: Luna Florencia , Vanderpoel Sheryl 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper challenges the traditional account of vulnerability in healthcare which conceptualizes vulnerability as a list of identifiable subpopulations. This list of ‘usual suspects’, focusing on groups from lower resource settings, is a narrow account of vulnerability. In this article we argue that in certain circumstances middle‐class individuals can be also rendered vulnerable. We propose a relational and layered account of vulnerability and explore this concept using the case study of cord blood (CB) banking.In the first section, two different approaches to ‘vulnerability’ are contrasted: categorical versus layered. In the second section, we describe CB banking and present a case study of CB banking in Argentina. We examine the types of pressure that middle‐class pregnant women feel when considering CB collection and storage. In section three, we use the CB banking case study to critique the categorical approach to vulnerability: this model is unable to account for the ways in which these women are vulnerable. A layered account of vulnerability identifies several ways in which middle‐class women are vulnerable. Finally, by utilizing the layered approach, this paper suggests how public health policies could be designed to overcome vulnerabilities.
Improved risk stratification in myeloma using a microRNA‐based classifier
Authors: Wu Ping , Agnelli Luca , Walker Brian A. , Todoerti Katia , Lionetti Marta , Johnson David C. , Kaiser Martin , Mirabella Fabio , Wardell Christopher , Gregory Walter M. , Davies Faith E. , Brewer Daniel , Neri Antonino , Morgan Gareth J. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryMultiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous disease. International Staging System/fluorescence hybridization (ISS/FISH)‐based model and gene expression profiles (GEP) are effective approaches to define clinical outcome, although yet to be improved. The discovery of a class of small non‐coding RNAs (micro RNAs, miRNAs) has revealed a new level of biological complexity underlying the regulation of gene expression. In this work, 163 presenting samples from MM patients were analysed by global miRNA profiling, and distinct miRNA expression characteristics in molecular subgroups with prognostic relevance (4p16, MAF and 11q13 translocations) were identified. Furthermore we developed an “outcome classifier”, based on the expression of two miRNAs (MIR17 and MIR886‐5p), which is able to stratify patients into three risk groups (median OS 19·4, 40·6 and 65·3 months, P = 0·001). The miRNA‐based classifier significantly improved the predictive power of the ISS/FISH approach (P = 0·0004), and was independent of GEP‐derived prognostic signatures (P < 0·002). Through integrative genomics analysis, we outlined the potential biological relevance of the miRNAs included in the classifier and their putative roles in regulating a large number of genes involved in MM biology. This is the first report showing that miRNAs can be built into molecular diagnostic strategies for risk stratification in MM.
Infants and Toddlers in Foster Care
Authors: Dozier Mary , Zeanah Charles H. , Bernard Kristin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractYoung children involved in the child welfare system are susceptible to behavioral and physiological dysregulation. These children need nurturing care to develop organized attachments to caregivers, they need synchronous care to support their physiological and behavioral regulation, and they need stable caregivers who can commit to them, supporting their sense of self and behavioral regulation. Without intervention at the level of the parent and the system, most children involved with the child welfare system are unlikely to have these needs met. We present two models of intervention designed to enhance parents’ synchrony and nurturance, and highlight aspects of the system that can enhance the stability and commitment of caregivers.
Is previous hyperthyroidism associated with long‐term cognitive dysfunction? A twin study
Authors: Lillevang‐Johansen Mads , Petersen Inge , Christensen Kaare , Hegedüs Laszlo , Brix Thomas Heiberg 
Published: May 2013

SummaryObjectiveHyperthyroidism has been suggested to adversely affect cognitive function. However, this association could also be caused by genetic and environmental factors affecting both the development of hyperthyroidism and cognitive functioning. By investigating twin pairs discordant for hyperthyroidism, this potential confounding can be minimized. The aim of the study was to examine whether hyperthyroidism is associated with long‐term cognitive dysfunction.DesignTwin case–control study.PatientsTwin pairs discordant for hyperthyroidism were identified by record linkage between The Danish National Patient Registry and 3036 twin pairs from The Danish Twin Registry, who had participated in nationwide surveys on health conditions.MeasurementsAmong other investigations, survey participants had carried out cognitive tests including a Mini–mental state examination (MMSE) and six separate cognitive tests. Based on five of the tests, a composite cognitive score was calculated.ResultsFifty‐five of 3036 twin pairs were discordant for hyperthyroidism. The mean time from diagnosis until survey participation was 7·3 years (range: 0–24·1 years). In both the intrapair and individual‐level analyses, the hyperthyroid twin scored significantly better in the MMSE than did the healthy co‐twin (P = 0·023 and P = 0·038, respectively). The same tendency was found in the other cognitive tests, and after analysing twins diagnosed with hyperthyroidism more than 2 years before participating, although none were statistically significant.ConclusionUtilizing discordant twin pairs to control for genetic as well as early environmental factors, we could not demonstrate any clinically relevant negative impact of previous hyperthyroidism on long‐term cognitive function.
(Re‐)Interpreting Fiduciary Duty to Justify Socially Responsible Investment for Pension Funds?
Authors: Sandberg Joakim 
Published: May 2013

AbstractManuscript TypeConceptualResearch IssueA critical issue for the future growth of socially responsible investment (SRI) is to what extent institutional investors such as pension funds can be persuaded to engage in it. This paper considers attempts at justifying such engagement stemming from a range of (re‐)interpretations of the fiduciary duties owed by pension funds to their beneficiaries, and thereby develops a hypothesis concerning the most effective political or legal remedy.Research FindingsPrevious commentary suggests that fiduciary duty either already mandates SRI for pension funds, or at least can be made to do so rather easily. In contrast with this, however, this paper finds that none of the considered interpretations is able to justify engagement on social and environmental issues across the board. Indeed, the problem to some extent seems rooted in the very concept of fiduciary duty.Theoretical ImplicationsThe paper is relevant to current attempts at justifying SRI through reinterpretations of fiduciary duty, provided mainly by legal scholars and practitioners. By addressing the more philosophical issue of how far the concept of fiduciary duty can be “stretched” to accommodate SRI (a project of conceptual rather than legal clarification), it provides an evaluation of the contemporary debate which is independent of squabbles about existing law.Policy ImplicationsThe paper shows that there are conceptual limits to attempts at redefining fiduciary duty. But this does not mean that pension funds' engagement in SRI is unjustified or unjustifiable more generally. A more promising way to legally mandate SRI may be through what is dubbed independent social and environmental obligations.
Phenotypic characterization of cryptic Diplodia species by MALDI‐TOF MS and the bias of mycelium age
Authors: Mancini V. , Dapporto L. , Baracchi D. , Luchi N. , Turillazzi S. , Capretti P. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryDetection and identification of fungal cryptic species has been facilitated by DNA sequencing. However, the examination of some phenotypic traits is fundamental for the confirmation of genetic results. MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry has shown remarkable reliability in the recognition of species‐specific phenotypic markers and has already been tested in several species of fungi. However, even though there is no direct evidence, the age of the mycelium appears to influence the composition of the metabolites detected. In this study, we demonstrate that MALDI‐TOF is a reliable technique to identify suitable metabolites to distinguish three monophyletic species of Diplodia (D. pinea, D. seriata and D. scrobiculata), thus supporting recent DNA results. Nevertheless, different collections of samples over a period of 3 months after inoculation also revealed that the MALDI‐TOF spectra are highly dependent on mycelial age. More importantly, the species‐specific markers emerge only after 1 month of mycelial growth. The methodological and biological implications of these findings are discussed.
Fungi in foliage and shoots of Fraxinus excelsior in eastern Ukraine: a first report on Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus
Authors: Davydenko K. , Vasaitis R. , Stenlid J. , Menkis A. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryIn eastern Ukraine, the first symptoms of dieback on common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) were observed in 2010, as sparse flushing of leaves, bark necrosis and wood discoloration of shoots. The aim of this study was to assess possible causal agents of the damage by studying fungal communities in both symptomatic and healthy‐looking shoots, and leaf petioles. Field sampling was carried out in 2010 in Kharkiv and Sumy regions in eastern Ukraine and included 68 segments of symptomatic shoots, 68 segments of healthy‐looking shoots and 240 segments of petioles. DNA isolation from individual segments and direct sequencing of fungal ITS rRNA resulted in 430 fungal sequences representing 29 distinct taxa. Results showed that Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus – the primary causal agent of ash dieback in Europe – was present at low proportion (5.6%) in symptomatic shoots. Other more frequently detected fungi were Epicoccum nigrum, Venturia fraxini, Colletotrichum truncatum, Aureobasidium pullulans, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria sp. and Lophiostoma corticola. In conclusion, the study reports on the first incidence of ash decline in the Ukraine and other possible causal agents of damage which may help to evaluate and forecast the future situation with F. excelsior stands in the region.
Phase coding by grid cells in unconstrained environments: two‐dimensional phase precession
Authors: Climer Jason R. , Newman Ehren L. , Hasselmo Michael E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAction potential timing is thought to play a critical role in neural representation. For example, theta phase precession is a robust phenomenon exhibited by spatial cells of the rat entorhinal–hippocampal circuit. In phase precession, the time a neuron fires relative to the phase of theta rhythm (6–10 Hz) oscillations in the local field potential reduces uncertainty about the position of the animal. This relationship between neural firing and behavior has made precession an important constraint for hypothetical mechanisms of temporal coding. However, challenges exist in identifying what regulates the spike timing of these cells. We have developed novel analytical techniques for mapping between behavior and neural firing that provide sufficient sensitivity to examine features of grid cell phase coding in open environments. Here, we show robust, omnidirectional phase precession by entorhinal grid cells in openfield enclosures. We present evidence that full phase precession persists regardless of how close the animal comes to the center of a firing field. Many conjunctive grid cells, previously thought to be phase locked, also exhibited phase coding. However, we were unable to detect directional‐ or field‐specific phase coding predicted by some variants of models. Finally, we present data that suggest bursting of layer II grid cells contributes to the bimodality of phase precession. We discuss implications of these observations for models of temporal coding and propose the utility of these techniques in other domains where behavior is aligned to neural spiking.
Women Use Red in Order to Attract Mates
Authors: Prokop Pavol , Hromada Martin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAmong certain non‐human primates, the red‐colored genitalia of females are a sexual ornament and attract males. The preference for red clothes among women is at times explained as being a parallel. We used here a within‐individual design to investigate the signaling role of the color red with a sample of Slovak participants. As expected, women preferred red clothing both in real‐life and would‐be situations more than men. The preference for red (but not for other colors) in mating game scenarios was only significant for women, but not for men. A preference for the color red was shown in particular for clothes on the upper parts of the participants' bodies, irrespective of gender. Women who were actually involved in a romantic sexual relationship had a preference for red in would‐be situations more than single women, although the menstrual cycle, the total number of lifetime sexual partners, and self‐perceived attractiveness were not associated with the preference for the color red. Our results support the sexual signaling hypothesis which suggests that women use the color red to attract potential mates in a similar way as non‐human primates.
Turning acne on/off via mTORC1
Authors: Danby F. William 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOver the past 10 years, the increase in comprehension of the mechanisms behind acne has been truly exponential. Starting with the ethnological work of Cordain, accelerated by the epidemiological work of Adebamowo, supported by the clinical trials of Smith and Mann, Kwon, DiLandro and others, the interface of diet and acne is coming into focus. Melnik now presents an exceptional pair of papers that illustrate for dermatologists what translational research is all about. The Western diet, the role of dairy, FoxO1 and mTORC1, the interplay of agonists and antagonists, therapeutics present and future – the jigsaw puzzle is coming together.
Factors associated with the presence of atrophic tongue in patients with dry mouth
Authors: Kimori Hisato , Yamamoto Ken , Yamachika Shigeo , Tsurumoto Akihisa , Kamikawa Yoshiaki , Sasao Mami , Morito Mitsuhiko , Saito Ichiro , Ohshima Tomoko , Maeda Nobuko , Nakagawa Yoichi 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis study aimed to identify factors associated with atrophic tongue in patients with dry mouth.MethodsDiscriminant analysis was performed in 1265 patients with dry mouth to identify factors that might influence the risk of developing atrophic tongue. The dependent variable was the presence of atrophic tongue, while patient age, resting saliva flow rate, stimulated saliva flow rate and Candida colony‐forming units (CFU) were used as the independent variables.ResultsThe standardised linear discriminant coefficients showed that Candida CFU, stimulated saliva flow rate and age were significantly associated with the presence of atrophic tongue. The following linear discriminant function was obtained: z = 0.024 × age − 0.63 × (resting saliva flow rate) − 0.81 × (stimulated saliva flow rate) + 0.002 × Candida CFU − 0.611.ConclusionHigh Candida CFU, low stimulated saliva flow rate and advanced age were identified as closely associated factors for the risk of development of atrophic tongue.
Impact of advanced dialysis technology on the prevalence of dialysis‐related amyloidosis in long‐term maintenance dialysis patients
Authors: Schiffl Helmut 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDialysis‐related amyloidosis (DRA) is a unique type of amyloidosis (beta‐2 microglobulin) predominantly in end‐stage renal disease. Its clinical manifestations add to increased morbidity and reduced quality of life. There seems to be a relative risk reduction in DRA manifestations when hemodialysis (HD) patients are treated with advanced HD technology, but changes of the course of DRA are uncertain. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in long‐term dialysis patients receiving either conventional or high‐flux, online‐produced ultrapure dialysis fluid. The cross‐sectional study included 147 HD patients (at least 10 years). The definitive diagnosis of CTS was made histologically or by the coexistence of CTS with other radiological DRA manifestations (bone cysts, arthropathies). The two HD patient groups did not differ significantly in age at start of HD, gender, major co‐morbid diseases, anuria, and dialysis vintage. The conventional HD group had significantly higher circulating beta‐2 microglobulin and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels. The prevalence of DRA was 68% for the conventional HD group and 28% for the advanced HD group. Duration of dialysis treatment was the only significant risk factor for the development of clinical DRA manifestations in both study groups, but CTS, bone cysts, or arthropathies occurred significantly earlier in conventional HD patients. The prevalence and severity of DRA have decreased with advances in dialysis technology during the last two decades, although its occurrence is simply delayed.
Introduction: The Historiographical Legacies of David Underdown
Authors: Smuts Malcolm 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDuring a career spanning nearly six decades, David Underdown anticipated the turn toward detailed narrative political history characteristic of revisionism but subsequently rejected what he saw as an overly narrow revisionist emphasis on high politics, in favor of approaches that focused on the political outlooks of the majority of the population and connections between political, social and cultural history. This introduction reflects on the overall arc of his career, its relationship to the historiography of the late twentieth‐century and its relevance to the current state of the field of early seventeenth century English history.
David Underdown, Royalist Conspirators and the Character of English Politics
Authors: Bowen Lloyd 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article discusses David Underdown's first major publication, Royalist Conspiracy in England, 1649–60 (1960). This volume is located in its historiographical context, and it is suggested that commentators have overlooked the potential influence of the Tory historian Sir Keith Feiling on this work, alongside the better known perspectives of Underdown's supervisor, Christopher Hill. Underdown's critical view of royalist conspiracy in this book is discussed through several interpretative categories including political faction, collective biography, emotion and rationality, youth and leadership, tradition and modernity. It is argued that Underdown's approach to royalism became more positive and socially expansive in later publications, but that his view of a persistent moderate and conservative centre ground of early modern political life forms a continuous thread throughout his published work.
The ‘Chalk’ and the ‘Cheese’: David Underdown, Regional Cultures and Popular Allegiance in the English Revolution
Authors: Hughes Ann 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article identifies the most important themes in David Underdown's analysis of popular political allegiance in the English civil war, looking particularly at his understanding of regional contrasts and cultural conflict. It focuses on Revel, Riot and Rebellion, and discusses the debate on this major work as well as the ways in which its insights have been modified by more recent scholarship.
Politics and Gender in Crisis in David Underdown's “The Taming of the Scold”
Authors: Weil Rachel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDavid Underdown's 1985 essay “The Taming of the Scold” argues on the basis of an increase in the number of cucking stools and skimmingtons (both mechanisms for punishing unruly women) that there was a crisis in gender relations in the years around 1600. This article reviews the argument, describes the diverse historiographies with which it engages and contributes, and considers later attempts to test Underdown's claims empirically and the methodological questions which these attempts illuminate.
Synthesis and Photoluminescence Characteristics of YAl3(BO3)4:Tb3+ Phosphors by Combustion Process
Authors: Li Guifang , Li Zhimin , Cao Quanxi , Huang Yunxia , Shi Junyan 
Published: May 2013

Terbium‐activated YAl3(BO3)4 (YAl3(BO3)4:Tb3+) phosphors were synthesized by both combustion method and solid‐state reaction. It was found that the pure‐phase YAl3(BO3)4 phosphors synthesized by combustion method were obtained at 1000°C, which was 200°C lower than that by solid‐state reaction. The average particle size of the combustion‐derived phosphors increased with increasing temperatures. The luminescence characteristics in ultraviolet (UV) — vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) ranges for the YAl3(BO3)4:Tb3+ phosphors were investigated. The bands from 175 nm to 300 nm were attributed to the 4f8‐4f75d1 transitions of Tb3+. The other strong bands in the region from 125 nm to 175 nm were assigned to host absorption. The emission spectra showed the strongest emission at 542 nm corresponding to the 5D4→7F5 transition of Tb3+. Moreover, the combustion‐derived YAl3(BO3)4:Tb3+ phosphors generated more intense luminescence than the solid‐state‐derived phosphors under UV excitation.