bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Randomized Study on the Immediate Loading of Mandibular Overdentures Supported by One or Two Implants; A 3 Year Follow‐Up Report
Authors: Kronstrom Mats , Davis Ben , Loney Robert , Gerrow Jack , Hollender Lars 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimThe objective of the study was to evaluate and compare treatments with mandibular overdentures supported by one or two immediately placed implants 3 years after loading.Materials and MethodsThirty‐six edentulous subjects were eligible for inclusion. Using a random sampling system, one or two implants were placed in the mandible. Separate ball attachments were connected to the implants, and the denture was relined and delivered the day of surgery with the retentive components incorporated in the denture base. At the follow‐up examinations peri‐implant bone levels, implant and denture stability/retention, and need for maintenance and adjustments were evaluated. Moreover, the OHIP‐EDENT questionnaire was used to measure patient satisfaction.ResultsNineteen subjects (10 men and 9 women) with a mean age of 56 years were available for the 3‐year follow‐up examination. The group with 1 implant (Group 1) consisted of 11 subjects (5 women and 6 men) while the remaining 8 (5 women and 3 men) belonged to Group2. Nine subjects had been excluded during the first year due to failing implants, 6 had moved, 1 had died, and 1 reported severe illness. No implant failures between the 12‐and 36 month follow‐up were observed. The mean peri‐implant bone change was.86 mm and the Implant Stability Quotient showed only minor changes with no significant difference between the groups when compared with the 12‐month follow‐up. Patient satisfaction scores increased significantly when compared with the baseline values and continued to be high for both groups and need for denture maintenance was low.ConclusionNo significant differences were found between subjects in the two groups with respect to implant survival and peri implant bone loss, and patient satisfaction scores continued to be high for both groups. Need for denture maintenance was low in both groups.
Primary cutaneous rhabdomyosarcoma: a clinicopathologic review of 11 cases
Authors: Marburger Trent B. , Gardner Jerad M. , Prieto Victor G. , Billings Steven D. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundRhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation. Primary cutaneous rhabdomyosarcoma is rare. We report a series of 11 cases of primary cutaneous rhabdomyosarcoma.MethodsCases diagnosed as rhabdomyosarcoma arising in the dermis/subcutis with no identified primary tumor elsewhere were retrospectively reviewed. Follow‐up was obtained.ResultsThe tumors occurred in five children and six adults. The adult subset consisted of pleomorphic, epithelioid and not otherwise specified (NOS) subtypes while the pediatric subset showed alveolar and embryonal subtypes. All cases showed immunohistochemical staining consistent with the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Three adult cases showed immunoreactivity for cytokeratins (one pleomorphic, one epithelioid and one NOS.ConclusionsPrimary cutaneous rhabdomyosarcoma shows a bimodal age distribution and male predominance, correlating with rhabdomyosarcoma in deep soft tissue. Follow‐up, available on all patients, showed aggressive behavior in both children and adults. Primary cutaneous rhabdomyosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tumors with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and those with “small round blue cell” morphology. Desmin, myogenin and MYOD1 are a trio of markers with high sensitivity and specificity for primary cutaneous rhabdomyosarcoma. Cytokeratin immunoreactivity in primary cutaneous rhabdomyosarcoma represents a potential diagnostic pitfall in the differential diagnosis with sarcomatoid carcinoma.
Pure and mixed mucinous carcinoma of the breast: fine needle aspiration cytology findings and review of the literature
Authors: Cyrta J. , Andreiuolo F. , Azoulay S. , Balleyguier C. , Bourgier C. , Mazouni C. , Mathieu M.‐C. , Delaloge S. , Vielh P. 
Published: September 2012

J. Cyrta, F. Andreiuolo, S. Azoulay, C. Balleyguier, C. Bourgier, C. Mazouni, M.‐C. Mathieu, S. Delaloge and P. Vielh  Pure and mixed mucinous carcinoma of the breast: fine needle aspiration cytology findings and review of the literatureObjective:  Mucinous (colloid) breast carcinoma accounts for 1–6% of all breast cancer. It comprises pure mucinous tumours and mixed infiltrating ductal carcinomas with a mucinous component. As this latter mixed form has a worse prognosis than pure colloid carcinoma, making this diagnosis on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) might influence the choice of treatment.Methods:  We report a consecutive series of 22 cases consisting of 17 mixed and five pure mucinous carcinomas diagnosed by cytology and verified on histopathology. Patients underwent FNAC at the one‐stop clinic of our institution during a 7‐year period of time. Cytological findings were evaluated by a semi‐quantitative method and included percentage of smear surface occupied by mucin, shape of cell groupings, size and outline of tumour nuclei as well as presence or absence of nucleolus.Results:  Three of five pure mucinous carcinomas displayed at least two of the following features: abundant mucin, small nuclei and/or regular nuclear outlines. Sparse mucin, large nuclei, irregular nuclear outlines or the presence of nucleoli were found in 7 out of 17 mixed mucinous carcinomas but not in pure tumours.Conclusion:  Cytopathological identification of patients with pure mucinous carcinomas may be performed in a limited number of cases.
Inpatient electronic prescribing data can be used to identify ‘lost’ discharge codes for diabetes
Authors: Nirantharakumar K. , Marshall T. , Hemming K. , Narendran P. , Coleman J. J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimAccurate assessment of missed discharge codes for diabetes is critical for effective planning of hospital diabetes services. We wished to estimate the frequency of missed discharge diagnostic codes for diabetes and the impact missed codes would have on diabetes‐related payments to the hospital.MethodsWe linked Patient Administration System data to the Prescribing Information and Communication System. We defined diabetes as those having a discharge code for diabetes in the Patient Administration System and those on anti‐diabetic medication in the Prescribing Information and Communication System. Based on the two sources, we calculated the estimated missed discharge codes for diabetes using the capture–recapture technique. We generated the Healthcare Resource Group for a given admission before and after correction for the missed code to estimate the impact that correction would make on payments to the hospital.ResultsAmong the 171 067 admissions linked, 22 412 (13.1%) had a code for diabetes at discharge. An additional 2706 admissions were classified as having diabetes based on prescription data. The capture–recapture technique estimated there were 4588 (2.7% of all admissions) admissions with diabetes missed by current coding, of which 2706 (60%) would be obtained from prescription data. After adding a diabetes diagnostic code, 12.8% of the missed admissions with diabetes resulted in a change to the Healthcare Resource Group tariff code and payment.ConclusionThe use of electronic prescription data is a simple solution to correct for missed discharge diagnostic codes.
The dissimilarity of species interaction networks
Authors: Poisot Timothée , Canard Elsa , Mouillot David , Mouquet Nicolas , Gravel Dominique 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn a context of global changes, and amidst the perpetual modification of community structure undergone by most natural ecosystems, it is more important than ever to understand how species interactions vary through space and time. The integration of biogeography and network theory will yield important results and further our understanding of species interactions. It has, however, been hampered so far by the difficulty to quantify variation among interaction networks. Here, we propose a general framework to study the dissimilarity of species interaction networks over time, space or environments, allowing both the use of quantitative and qualitative data. We decompose network dissimilarity into interactions and species turnover components, so that it is immediately comparable to common measures of β‐diversity. We emphasise that scaling up β‐diversity of community composition to the β‐diversity of interactions requires only a small methodological step, which we foresee will help empiricists adopt this method. We illustrate the framework with a large dataset of hosts and parasites interactions and highlight other possible usages. We discuss a research agenda towards a biogeographical theory of species interactions.
Age‐related changes in rat genioglossus, geniohyoid and masseter muscles
Authors: Kaneko Syuhei , Iida Ryo‐hei , Suga Takeo , Morito Mitsuhiko , Yamane Akira 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to elucidate age‐related changes from adult to middle age in the contractile properties of the masseter, genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles of the rat.Materials and MethodsWe analysed the expressions of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) mRNAs and proteins as indicators of the contractile properties in these muscles obtained from rats at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age using real‐time PCR and SDS‐PAGE.ResultsWe found no marked age‐related changes in the expressions of MyHC mRNAs and proteins in rat masseter and geniohyoid muscles, suggesting that the biological ageing process does not affect contractile properties in these muscles. However, we found a decrease in the expression of MyHC IIb mRNA with ageing in the rat genioglossus muscle, suggesting that biological ageing process induces at least some fast‐to‐slow myofibre phenotype transition.ConclusionThe biological ageing process from adult to middle age appears to differentially affect different types of craniofacial muscles.
The diagnosis and conservative treatment of a complex type 3 dens invaginatus using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D plastic models
Authors: Kfir A. , Telishevsky‐Strauss Y. , Leitner A. , Metzger Z. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimTo investigate the use of 3D plastic models, printed from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data, for accurate diagnosis and conservative treatment of a complex case of dens invaginatus.SummaryA chronic apical abscess with a draining sinus tract was diagnosed during the treatment planning stage of orthodontic therapy. Radiographic examination revealed a large radiolucent area associated with an invaginated right maxillary central incisor, which was found to contain a vital pulp. The affected tooth was strategic in the dental arch. Conventional periapical radiographs provided only partial information about the invagination and its relationship with the main root canal and with the periapical tissues. A limited‐volume CBCT scan of the maxilla did not show evidence of communication between the infected invagination and the pulp in the main root canal, which could explain the pulp vitality. A novel method was adopted to allow for instrumentation, disinfection and filling of the invagination, without compromising the vitality of the pulp in the complex root canal system. The CBCT data were used to produce precise 3D plastic models of the tooth. These models facilitated the treatment planning process and the trial of treatment approaches. This approach allowed the vitality of the pulp to be maintained in the complex root canal space of the main root canal whilst enabling the healing of the periapical tissues.Key learning points

Even when extensive periapical pathosis is associated with a tooth with type III dens invaginatus, pulp sensibility tests should be performed.

CBCT is a diagnostic tool that may allow for the management of such teeth with complex anatomy.

3D printed plastic models may be a valuable aid in the process of assessing and planning effective treatment modalities and practicing them ex vivo before actually performing the clinical procedure.

Unconventional technological approaches may be required for detailed treatment planning of complex cases of dens invaginatus.
An empirical evaluation of proposed changes for gambling diagnosis in the DSM‐5
Authors: Petry Nancy M. , Blanco Carlos , Stinchfield Randy , Volberg Rachel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimsRecommendations related to pathological gambling for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM) are to eliminate the criterion related to committing illegal acts and reduce the threshold for diagnosis from five to four criteria. This study evaluated the impact of these changes on prevalence rates and classification accuracy.DesignData were analyzed from five samples, varying in severity of gambling problems.Settings and participantsSurveys of randomly selected household residents in the United States (US) (n = 2417), gambling patrons (n = 450), individuals in brief intervention studies (n = 375), patients in community‐based gambling treatment programs (n = 149) and participants in randomized intervention studies (n = 319).MeasurementsThe National Opinion Research Center DSM‐IV Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS) was administered to all participants. Internal consistency and factor structure were evaluated using both 10 and nine criteria. Base rates, hit rates, sensitivity, specificity and overall agreement were compared across classification systems, using DSM‐IV classification as the standard.FindingsEliminating the illegal acts criterion did not impact internal consistency and modestly improved variance accounted for in the factor structure. In comparing a classification system using four of 10 criteria versus one using four of nine, the four of nine system yielded equal or slightly better classification accuracy in all comparisons and across all samples.ConclusionsThe inclusion of the illegal acts criterion in the proposed DSM‐V pathological gambling diagnosis does not appear necessary for diagnosis of pathological gambling and, if it is eliminated, reducing the cut‐point to four results in more consistent diagnoses relative to the current classification system.
Contribution of regulatory T cells to alleviation of experimental allergic asthma after specific immunotherapy
Authors: Maazi H. , Shirinbak S. , Willart M. , Hammad H. M. , Cabanski M. , Boon L. , Ganesh V. , Baru A. M. , Hansen G. , Lambrecht B. N. , Sparwasser T. , Nawijn M. C. , van Oosterhout A. J. M. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryBackgroundAllergen‐specific immunotherapy (SIT) has been used since 1911, yet its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. There is evidence indicating that CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are induced during SIT in allergic patients. However, the contribution of these cells to SIT has not been evaluated in vivo.ObjectiveTo evaluate the in vivo contribution of (i) CD4+ CD25+ T cells during SIT and of (ii) SIT‐generated inducible FOXP3+ Treg cells during allergen exposure to SIT‐mediated suppression of asthmatic manifestations.MethodsWe used a mouse model of SIT based on the classical OVA‐driven experimental asthma. Treg cells were quantified by flow cytometry 24 and 96 h post SIT treatment. We depleted CD4+CD25+ T cells prior to SIT, and CD4+FOXP3+ T cells prior to allergen challenges to study their contribution to the suppression of allergic manifestations by SIT treatment.ResultsOur data show that depletion of CD4+CD25+ T cells at the time of SIT treatment reverses the suppression of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), but not of airway eosinophilia and specific IgE levels in serum. Interestingly, the number of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells is transiently increased after SIT in the spleen and blood, suggesting the generation of inducible and presumably allergen‐specific Treg cells during treatment. Depletion of CD4+FOXP3+ Treg cells after SIT treatment partially reverses the SIT‐induced suppression of airway eosinophilia, but not of AHR and serum levels of specific IgE.Conclusion and clinical relevanceWe conclude that SIT‐mediated tolerance induction towards AHR requires CD4+CD25+ T cells at the time of allergen injections. In addition, SIT generates CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells that contribute to the suppression of airway eosinophilia upon allergen challenges. Therefore, enhancing Treg cell number or their activity during and after SIT could be of clinical relevance to improve the therapeutic effects of SIT.
Conciliating cognition and consciousness: the perceptual foundations of clinical reasoning
Authors: Braude Hillel D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractClinical reasoning has been defined as a form of cognition applied to evaluating and managing a patient's medical problem. As a kind of cognition, a product of the human psyche, it is logical to expect that clinical reasoning should be best understood through methods derived from psychology, neuropsychology and the cognitive sciences. However, the application of scientific methods to evaluating clinical reasoning is unable to analyse clinical reasoning in terms of first‐person experience and consciousness. By reducing clinical reasoning to its cognitive components the cognitivist approach tends to ignore the larger context in which clinical reasoning occurs. By reducing its conception of clinical reasoning to its cognitive components, the neuropsychological approach fails to acknowledge clinical reasoning as a form of intentionality, a gestalt, grounded in human perception. A full epistemology of clinical reasoning requires a phenomenological analysis that can make sense of the relation between pre‐reflective consciousness and explicit forms of knowing. In this paper I conciliate cognition and consciousness in medicine through analysing the phenomenology of perception in clinical reasoning. I compare the application of phenomenology to clinical reasoning with the attempt to model clinical reasoning onAristotelian practical wisdom orphronesis. Finally, I analyse empathy as a type of perception critical for effective clinical interaction and exemplary for reflecting on perception as the intersubjective foundation of clinical reasoning.
Mechanistic understanding in clinical practice: complementing evidence‐based medicine with personalized medicine
Authors: Nardini Cecilia , Annoni Marco , Schiavone Giuseppe 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn the last century, medicine has undergone an unprecedented wave of radical changes. From the implementation of surgery up to the development of single gene‐targeted therapies, clinical decision making has become increasingly complex to handle. Today, this complexity needs to be rethought in the light of two emerging paradigms: evidence‐based medicine (EBM) and personalized medicine (P‐Med). The new availability of diverse sources of scientific evidence raises significant issues concerning how clinicians will compare, evaluate and orient their decisions in front of a rapidly growing plethora of therapies, procedures, medical technologies and drugs. In this paper, we compare the background visions behind these two paradigms, evaluating their respective relevance for present and future clinical decision making. In particular, we argue that EBM and P‐Med are driven by two diverse modes of reasoning about ‘evidence making’ in medicine. EBM is grounded on statistical notions and epidemiological data, generally gathered through systematic meta‐reviews of randomized controlled trials; P‐Med, instead, is grounded on mechanistic explanations of molecular interactions, metabolic pathways and biomarkers. While both paradigms are epistemically sound, we argue that they cannot, and should not, be hybridized into a unique model. Rather, they ought to represent two compatible, but alternative ways of informing the clinical practice. Hence, we conclude that clinicians may expect to see their responsibility increasing as they will deal with diverse, but equally compelling, ways of reasoning and deciding about which intervention will qualify as the ‘best one’ in each individual case.
The efficacy of fibrinogen concentrate compared with cryoprecipitate in major obstetric haemorrhage – an observational study
Authors: Ahmed S. , Harrity C. , Johnson S. , Varadkar S. , McMorrow S. , Fanning R. , Flynn C. M. , O' Riordan J. M. , Byrne B. M. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYBackgroundFibrinogen replacement is critical in major obstetric haemorrhage (MOH). Purified, pasteurised fibrinogen concentrate appears to have benefit over cryoprecipitate in ease of administration and safety but is unlicensed in pregnancy. In July 2009, the Irish Blood Transfusion Service replaced cryoprecipitate with fibrinogen.ObjectivesTo examine the impact of this externally imposed change on blood product use and clinical outcomes in MOH.MethodsWomen with MOH requiring fibrinogen between 1 January 2009 and 30 June 2011 were identified from an MOH database. Aetiology of MOH, medical treatments, blood product use and clinical outcomes were compared between the cryoprecipitate and fibrinogen groups.ResultsOf 21 614 deliveries, 77 cases of MOH were identified. Of the 77 cases, 34 (44%) received cryoprecipitate (n = 14) or fibrinogen concentrate (n = 20). The mean (±SEM) dose utilised was 2·21 ± 0·35 pools of cryoprecipitate and 4 ± 0·8 g of fibrinogen. There was a stronger correlation between the increase in fibrinogen level and dose of fibrinogen (Pearson co‐efficient 0·5; P = 0·03) than dose of cryoprecipitate (Pearson co‐efficient 0·32; P = 0·3). Mean (±SEM) estimated blood loss (EBL), red cell concentrate (RCC) and Octaplas transfused were greater (but not significantly) in the cryoprecipitate group compared with the fibrinogen group; EBL = 5·2 ± 1·1 vs 3·3 ± 0·5 L (P = 0·1); RCC = 7·2 ± 1·2 vs 5·9 ± 1·0 U (P = 0·4); Octaplas = 4·1 ± 0·7 vs 3·2 ± 0·7 U (P = 0·36), respectively. Haemostasis was secured, and there were no adverse reactions or thrombotic complications.ConclusionPurified virally inactivated fibrinogen concentrate is as efficacious as cryoprecipitate in correcting hypofibrinogenaemia in MOH.
The influence of social structure on brood survival and development in a socially polymorphic ant: insights from a cross‐fostering experiment
Authors: Purcell J. , Chapuisat M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAnimal societies vary in the number of breeders per group, which affects many socially and ecologically relevant traits. In several social insect species, including our study species Formica selysi, the presence of either one or multiple reproducing females per colony is generally associated with differences in a suite of traits such as the body size of individuals. However, the proximate mechanisms and ontogenetic processes generating such differences between social structures are poorly known. Here, we cross‐fostered eggs originating from single‐queen (= monogynous) or multiple‐queen (= polygynous) colonies into experimental groups of workers from each social structure to investigate whether differences in offspring survival, development time and body size are shaped by the genotype and/or prefoster maternal effects present in the eggs, or by the social origin of the rearing workers. Eggs produced by polygynous queens were more likely to survive to adulthood than eggs from monogynous queens, regardless of the social origin of the rearing workers. However, brood from monogynous queens grew faster than brood from polygynous queens. The social origin of the rearing workers influenced the probability of brood survival, with workers from monogynous colonies rearing more brood to adulthood than workers from polygynous colonies. The social origin of eggs or rearing workers had no significant effect on the head size of the resulting workers in our standardized laboratory conditions. Overall, the social backgrounds of the parents and of the rearing workers appear to shape distinct survival and developmental traits of ant brood.