bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the effect of wire bonding interconnects of BCB capped CPW to CPW on LTCC substrate
Authors: Seok Seonho , Kim Janggil , Lahti Markku 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe effect of wire bonding interconnects between BCB capped CPW on silicon chip and CPW on low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) package is presented. The Si chip is attached onto LTCC package using conductive silver epoxy. Two different bond wires, ribbon‐wire and normal wire are used for the transition of CPW–CPW between Si chip and LTCC. The test module has been characterized up to 20 GHz. The CPW lines interconnected with normal wire has insertion loss of 0.6 dB at 5 GHz, while the ribbon wired ones show 0.5 dB at the same frequency. Lumped equivalent circuit model has been developed to figure out the behavior of the test module and three‐dimensional HFSS electromagnetic simulation has been also carried out. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1378–1381, 2014
Design of a ultrawideband monopole antenna using split ring resonator for notching frequencies
Authors: Sousa Neto Marinaldo P. , Fernandes Humberto C. C. , Moura Carlos G. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA novel design of an ultrawideband antenna is proposed. The antenna is an optimization of the circular monopole patch antenna with a type split ring resonator (SRR) that is inserted underneath a circular radiating patch at the opposite side of the dielectric substrate. The SRR structure will work as a band stop filter for notching a frequency band between 5.3 and 5.8 GHz. A good agreement was observed between the simulated and measured results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1471–1473, 2014
Experimental analysis of different measurement techniques for characterization of millimeter‐wave mixers
Authors: Maestrojuan Itziar , Rea Simon , Ederra Iñigo , Gonzalo Ramón 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis article compares for the first time three well‐known procedures for characterizing the noise temperature and conversion loss of a millimeter wave mixer. To carry out this study, a 183 GHz subharmonic mixer has been measured using three common procedures, that is, the “attenuator,” the “gain,” and the “noise injection” procedures. Furthermore, for every measurement procedure, three different detection methods have been used; a broadband power meter, a yttrium iron garnet filter working together with a broadband power meter, and a spectrum analyzer. The “gain procedure” has turned out to be the most stable one in terms of less variation between consecutive values and flatter results along all the frequency range. Results obtained with every detection method are consistent with each other, showing a similar performance of the mixer independent of the detection method used. In addition, the effect of the inclusion or omission of an isolator between mixer and intermediate frequency pre‐amplifier has also been evaluated. For the first time, clear conclusions about its influence are driven. The inclusion of the isolator has culminated in more reliable results, although the measured NT values are increased. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1441–1447, 2014
Active folded loop antenna with reconfigurable feed and ground points
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Thail Sron Seng 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBy utilizing the inherent symmetry of a folded loop structure, a novel active antenna solution is presented that can optimize the performance of the antenna in terms of efficiency for various user cases like the mobile phone in free space, in the hand or close to the head—right or left side. The principle is to excite two distinct modes, and we can note as much as 1.5 dB improvement in efficiency while maintaining all the bandwidth requirements for 3G operation. The structure can be implemented with relative ease on most smart phones and shows potential for meeting the bandwidth requirements of a 3G handset. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1437–1441, 2014
On the field leakage of the leapfrog ADI‐FDTD method for nonpenetrable targets
Authors: Gan Theng Huat , Tan Eng Leong 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis letter investigates the field leakage of the leapfrog alternating‐direction‐implicit finite‐difference time‐domain (ADI‐FDTD) method for nonpenetrable targets. The update equation for lossy media using time‐averaging scheme is reviewed. Investigation reveals that the leapfrog ADI‐FDTD method has substantial nonphysical field leakage within the target. To overcome the field leakage, a simple approach is proposed. Numerical results are presented to validate the proposed approach. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1401–1405, 2014
Obesity and the cardiovascular health effects of fine particulate air pollution
Authors: Weichenthal Scott , Hoppin Jane A. , Reeves Francois 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveThis review examines evidence related to the potential impact of obesity on the cardiovascular health effects of fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5).MethodsA PubMed search was conducted in December, 2013 and studies were included if they examined the relationship between PM2.5 and cardiovascular health as well as effect modification by obesity.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐one citations were reviewed; three large prospective cohort studies and 14 panel studies with short‐term follow‐up met the above criteria. All three cohort studies reported stronger associations between PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality among obese subjects and one reported a significant trend of increased risk with increased body mass index. Similarly, 11 of 14 panel studies reported stronger associations between PM2.5 and acute changes in physiological measures of cardiovascular health among obese subjects including outcomes such as blood pressure and arrhythmia. Although interactions were not always statistically significant, the consistent pattern of stronger associations among obese subjects suggests that obesity may modify the impact of PM2.5 on cardiovascular health.ConclusionsEpidemiological evidence suggests that obesity may increase susceptibility to the cardiovascular health effects of PM2.5. This an important area of research as the public health impacts of air pollution could increase with increasing prevalence of obesity.
The long‐term efficacy and safety of DPP‐IV inhibitors monotherapy and in combination with metformin in 18 980 patients with type‐2 diabetes mellitus—a meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Xia , Xiao Qian , Zhang Li , Yang Qiao , Liu Xiaoyan , Xu Lingjie , Cheng Wen 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeTo assess the long‐term efficacy and safety of DPP‐IV inhibitors therapy versus comparators in patients with T2DM.MethodsA comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs; ≥24 weeks) was performed. RCTs had to compare DPP‐IV inhibitors therapy with placebo, metformin and sulphonylureas + metformin. Inverse variance mean difference (IV‐MD) with 95%CI was calculated for the mean HbA1c changes (%) from baseline to (imputed) endpoint. Mantel–Haenszel odds ratio (MH‐OR) with 95%CI was calculated for side reactions.ResultsTwenty‐three RCTs were included. The mean HbA1c changes (%) were as follows: IV‐MD, 95%CI = −0.35 [−0.51, −0.19], p < 0.0001 for DPP‐IV inhibitors therapy versus comparators, and IV‐MD, 95%CI = 0.11 [0.04, 0.18], p = 0.002 for DPP‐IV inhibitors + met versus su + met. For hypoglycaemia, MH‐OR, 95%CI = 0.13 [0.09, 0.19], p < 0.00001(DPP‐IV inhibitors + met vs. su + met). For diarrhoea, MH‐OR, 95%CI = 0.77 [0.64, 0.93], p = 0.008 (DPP‐IV inhibitors + met vs. met). By comparing DPP‐IV inhibitors therapy with comparators, we found 95%CI = 0.00 [−0.01, 0.01], p = 0.49, for the upper respiratory tract infection MH‐OR; 95%CI = 0.97 [0.70, 1.34], p = 0.83 for the urinary tract infection MH‐OR; and 95%CI = 1.07 [0.94, 1.21], p = 0.30 for nasopharyngitis MH‐OR.ConclusionsDPP‐IV inhibitors could achieve a long‐term effective and safe glycaemic control for use as monotherapy or in combination with metformin. They have low incidences of hypoglycaemia and gastrointestinal side effects. There is no evidence that DPP‐IV inhibitors increase the risk of infections. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intensification of antihyperglycemic therapy among patients with incident diabetes: a Surveillance Prevention and Management of Diabetes Mellitus (SUPREME‐DM) study
Authors: Raebel Marsha A. , Ellis Jennifer L. , Schroeder Emily B. , Xu Stanley , O'Connor Patrick J. , Segal Jodi B. , Butler Melissa G. , Schmittdiel Julie A. , Kirchner H. Lester , Goodrich Glenn K. , Lawrence Jean M. , Nichols Gregory A. , Newton Katherine M. , Pathak Ram D. , Steiner John F. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeAntihyperglycemic medication intensification practices among patients with incident diabetes are incompletely understood. We characterized the first intensification the year after oral antihyperglycemic medication initiation among incident diabetes patients.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study across 11 US health systems included adults identified with incident diabetes between 2005 and 2009 who started oral antihyperglycemic monotherapy or combination therapy within 6 months after diabetes identification. We determined intensification, defined as increased index medication dosage, addition of another oral medication, or switch to/addition of insulin 31–365 days after initial antihyperglycemic dispensing. Cox regression was used to assess intensification for patient, temporal, and system covariates, adjusting for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a time‐dependent variable.ResultsAmong 41 233 patients, 33.5% and 45.3% had treatment intensified within 6 and 12 months, respectively. This first intensification was most often with increased index medication dosage (78%), least often with insulin (<1%). HbA1c% was strongly associated with intensification (adjusted hazard ratios [HR] 1.59, 3.62, 4.44, and 5.52 for HbA1c 6.5% to <7%, 7% to <7.5%, 7.5 to <8%, and ≥8%, respectively, all P < 0.001, compared with HbA1c < 6.5%). In patients initially on monotherapy, age modified the HbA1c effect: at HbA1c < 7%, the HR differed little between middle‐aged and older patients; at HbA1c ≥ 7%, the HR decreased with older age (e.g., age 40–49 years and HbA1c ≥ 8%: HR 8.14; age ≥ 80 years and HbA1c ≥ 8%: HR 4.44; compared with age ≥ 80 years and HbA1c < 6.5%). Within 1 year, 84.3% achieved HbA1c < 8%; 65.1% achieved HbA1c < 7%.ConclusionsClinicians appear to be applying treatment intensification guidelines and individualizing therapy by considering patient age, achieving glycemic control among most incident diabetes patients. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Truncal fat distribution correlates with decreased vital capacity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Canapari Craig A. , Barrowman Nick , Hoey Lynda , Walker Scott W. , Townsend Elise , Tseng Brian S. , Katz Sherri L. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X‐linked recessive disorder associated with progressive muscle weakness and respiratory failure. Oral corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment, but are associated with obesity with a central distribution. This study is designed to determine the relationship between body mass index, central adiposity, and lung function in subjects with DMD.MethodsRetrospective fat distribution data was obtained in boys with DMD from studies using dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fat distribution data was reviewed at two tertiary academic institutions and compared with concurrent height, weight, body mass index (BMI), measures of lung function, and sleep study data when available. Truncal fat mass used as a measure of central adiposity.ResultsForty‐four subjects (age 12.0 ± 3.4 years) were included. Mean BMI was 22.1 ± 5.9 kg/m2. Sixty‐eight percent (30 patients) were on corticosteroid therapy. Truncal fat mass percentage was inversely correlated with forced vital capacity (% predicted FVC) (Pearson coefficient −0.37, P = 0.01). Linear regression showed that truncal fat distribution, but not total fat mass, age or corticosteroid use negatively predicted FVC (r2 = 0.24, P = 0.048). BMI had a positive effect (P = 0.04). However, fat distribution did not predict the rate of change of lung function in a smaller sample. Fat distribution, BMI, or age did not predict measures of sleep disordered breathing.ConclusionsTruncal fat distribution is a significant predictor of lower vital capacity in boys with DMD, whereas BMI has a positive effect. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:63–70. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distance restraints from crosslinking mass spectrometry: Mining a molecular dynamics simulation database to evaluate lysine–lysine distances
Authors: Merkley Eric D. , Rysavy Steven , Kahraman Abdullah , Hafen Ryan P. , Daggett Valerie , Adkins Joshua N. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntegrative structural biology attempts to model the structures of protein complexes that are challenging or intractable by classical structural methods (due to size, dynamics, or heterogeneity) by combining computational structural modeling with data from experimental methods. One such experimental method is chemical crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL‐MS), in which protein complexes are crosslinked and characterized using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry to pinpoint specific amino acid residues in close structural proximity. The commonly used lysine‐reactive N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester reagents disuccinimidylsuberate (DSS) and bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate (BS3) have a linker arm that is 11.4 Å long when fully extended, allowing Cα (alpha carbon of protein backbone) atoms of crosslinked lysine residues to be up to ∼24 Å apart. However, XL‐MS studies on proteins of known structure frequently report crosslinks that exceed this distance. Typically, a tolerance of ∼3 Å is added to the theoretical maximum to account for this observation, with limited justification for the chosen value. We used the Dynameomics database, a repository of high‐quality molecular dynamics simulations of 807 proteins representative of diverse protein folds, to investigate the relationship between lysine–lysine distances in experimental starting structures and in simulation ensembles. We conclude that for DSS/BS3, a distance constraint of 26–30 Å between Cα atoms is appropriate. This analysis provides a theoretical basis for the widespread practice of adding a tolerance to the crosslinker length when comparing XL‐MS results to structures or in modeling. We also discuss the comparison of XL‐MS results to MD simulations and known structures as a means to test and validate experimental XL‐MS methods.
An efficient batch verification system and its effect in a real time VANET environment
Authors: Chen Jiageng , Mamun Mohammad Saiful Islam , Miyaji Atsuko 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTVehicle ad hoc network (VANET) provides communication between vehicles and vehicle‐to‐infrastructure communication. High mobility, high speed of vehicles, fast topology changes, and sheer scale are some characteristics that establish VANET as an intensive research topic different from other types of mobile ad hoc network. In this paper, we improve an existing batch verification system on ID‐based group signature and also compare the performance achieved. Then, we analyze the best possible value of the number of signatures to batch at a time for large‐scale VANET. In addition, we introduce a scheduling algorithm for signature verification where batch verification cannot be implemented efficiently. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Planetary gear load sharing of wind turbine drivetrains subjected to non‐torque loads
Authors: Guo Yi , Keller Jonathan , LaCava William 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn analytical formulation was developed to estimate the load‐sharing and planetary loads of a three‐point suspension wind turbine drivetrain considering the effects of non‐torque loads, gravity and bearing clearance. A three‐dimensional dynamic drivetrain model that includes mesh stiffness variation, tooth modifications and gearbox housing flexibility was also established to investigate gear tooth load distribution and non‐linear tooth and bearing contact of the planetary gears. These models were validated with experimental data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Gearbox Reliability Collaborative. Non‐torque loads and gravity induce fundamental excitations in the rotating carrier frame, which can increase gearbox loads and disturb load sharing. Clearance in the carrier bearings reduces the bearing stiffness significantly. This increases the amount of pitching moment transmitted from the rotor to the gear meshes and disturbs the planetary load share, thereby resulting in edge loading. Edge loading increases the likelihood of tooth pitting and planet‐bearing fatigue, leading to reduced gearbox life. Additionally, at low‐input torque, the planet‐bearing loads are often less than the minimum recommended load and thus susceptible to skidding. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localization of mRNAs to the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Cui Xianying A. , Palazzo Alexander F. 
Published: March 2014

Almost all cells use mRNA localization to establish spatial control of protein synthesis. One of the best‐studied examples is the targeting and anchoring of mRNAs encoding secreted, organellar, and membrane‐bound proteins to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this review, we provide a historical perspective on the research that elucidated the canonical protein‐mediated targeting of nascent‐chain ribosome mRNA complexes to the surface of the ER. We then discuss subsequent studies which provided concrete evidence that a subpopulation of mRNAs utilize a translation‐independent mechanism to localize to the surface of this organelle. This alternative mechanism operates alongside the signal recognition particle (SRP) mediated co‐translational targeting pathway to promote proper mRNA localization to the ER. Recent work has uncovered trans‐acting factors, such as the mRNA receptor p180, and cis‐acting elements, such as transmembrane domain coding regions, that are responsible for this alternative mRNA localization process. Furthermore, some unanticipated observations have raised the possibility that this alternative pathway may be conserved from bacteria to mammalian cells. WIREs RNA 2014, 5:481–492. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1225This article is categorized under:

Translation > Translation Mechanisms
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
Effectiveness of peer-delivered interventions for severe mental illness and depression on clinical and psychosocial outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fuhr Daniela C. , Salisbury Tatiana Taylor , De Silva Mary J. , Atif Najia , van Ginneken Nadja , Rahman Atif , Patel Vikram 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the effectiveness of peer-delivered interventions in improving clinical and psychosocial outcomes among individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) or depression.

Methods
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing a peer-delivered intervention to treatment as usual or treatment delivered by a health professional. Random effect meta-analyses were performed separately for SMI and depression interventions.

Results
Fourteen studies (10 SMI studies, 4 depression studies), all from high-income countries, met the inclusion criteria. For SMI, evidence from three high-quality superiority trials showed small positive effects favouring peer-delivered interventions for quality of life (SMD 0.24, 95 % CI 0.08–0.40, p = 0.003, I
2 = 0 %, n = 639) and hope (SMD 0.24, 95 % CI 0.02–0.46, p = 0.03, I
2 = 65 %, n = 967). Results of two SMI equivalence trials indicated that peers may be equivalent to health professionals in improving clinical symptoms (SMD −0.14, 95 % CI −0.57 to 0.29, p = 0.51, I
2 = 0 %, n = 84) and quality of life (SMD −0.11, 95 % CI −0.42 to 0.20, p = 0.56, I
2 = 0 %, n = 164). No effect of peer-delivered interventions for depression was observed on any outcome.

Conclusions
The limited evidence base suggests that peers may have a small additional impact on patient’s outcomes, in comparison to standard psychiatric care in high-income settings. Future research should explore the use and applicability of peer-delivered interventions in resource poor settings where standard care is likely to be of lower quality and coverage. The positive findings of equivalence trials demand further research in this area to consolidate the relative value of peer-delivered vs. professional-delivered interventions.
Whole‐genome Sequencing of an Aggressive BRAF Wild‐type Papillary Thyroid Cancer Identified EML4–ALK Translocation as a Therapeutic Target
Authors: Demeure Michael J. , Aziz Meraj , Rosenberg Richard , Gurley Steven D. , Bussey Kimberly J. , Carpten John D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundRecent advances in the treatment of cancer have focused on targeting genomic aberrations with selective therapeutic agents. In radioiodine resistant aggressive papillary thyroid cancers, there remain few effective therapeutic options. A 62‐year‐old man who underwent multiple operations for papillary thyroid cancer and whose metastases progressed despite standard treatments provided tumor tissue.MethodsWe analyzed tumor and whole blood DNA by whole genome sequencing, achieving 80× or greater coverage over 94 % of the exome and 90 % of the genome. We determined somatic mutations and structural alterations.ResultsWe found a total of 57 somatic mutations in 55 genes of the cancer genome. There was notably a lack of mutations in NRAS and BRAF, and no RET/PTC rearrangement. There was a mutation in the TRAPP oncogene and a loss of heterozygosity of the p16, p18, and RB1 tumor suppressor genes. The oncogenic driver for this tumor is a translocation involving the genes for anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK) and echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 (EML4). The EML4–ALK translocation has been reported in approximately 5 % of lung cancers, as well as in pediatric neuroblastoma, and is a therapeutic target for crizotinib.ConclusionsThis is the first report of the whole genomic sequencing of a papillary thyroid cancer in which we identified an EML4–ALK translocation of a TRAPP oncogene mutation. These findings suggest that this tumor has a more distinct oncogenesis than BRAF mutant papillary thyroid cancer. Whole genome sequencing can elucidate an oncogenic context and expose potential therapeutic vulnerabilities in rare cancers.