bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on subcellular localization of Rice stripe virus in its vector small brown planthopper by electron microscopy
Authors: Deng Jinhua , Li Shuo , Hong Jian , Ji Yinghua , Zhou Yijun 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Rice stripe virus (RSV), which is transmitted by small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus Fallén, SBPH), has been reported to be epidemic and cause severe rice stripe disease in rice fields in many East Asian countries, including China. Investigation on viral localization in the vector is very important for elucidating transmission mechanisms of RSV by SBPH. In this study, transmission electron microscopy and immuno-gold labeling technique were used to investigate the subcellular localization of the ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) of RSV in the digestive tract, muscles, ovary and testes of SBPH.

Results
A lot of amorphous RSV inclusion bodies with high electron density were observed in the cytoplasmic matrix and vacuoles of follicular cells of ovarioles in viruliferous SBPH, which were very similar to viral inclusions formed in rice cells. After magnified, it was found that sand-like or parallel filamentary structures were constructed inside the electron-dense inclusions. A large numbers of RSV RNPs distributed diffusely throughout the eggshell surface and interior of ovum, midgut lumen and epithelial cells, while the amount of the virus in muscles was far less than that in the ovary and midgut tissues. Besides RSV, numerous endogenous microorganisms were also observed in SBPH body, including yeast-like endosymbiotes (YLES), endosymbiotic bacteria and insect virus.

Conclusions
According to the results of the virus localization, a potential mechanism of RSV transovarial transmission was proposed that RSV might replicate and accumulate initially in the inclusions of follicular cells, then exploit the pathway of the nutrition transportation to pass through the eggshell and spread into the oocytes along with the nutrition. Moreover, RSV might exploit muscles for its spread in vector body with a lower efficiency.
Transcriptional down-regulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Springer Jochen , Scholz Frank R , Peiser Christian , Dinh Q Thai , Fischer Axel , Quarcoo David , Groneberg David A 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Tobacco is a leading environmental factor in the initiation of respiratory diseases and causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family members are involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases and SOCS-3 has been shown to play an important role in the regulation, onset and maintenance of airway allergic inflammation indicating that SOCS-3 displays a potential therapeutic target for anti-inflammatory respiratory drugs development. Since chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is also characterized by inflammatory changes and airflow limitation, the present study assessed the transcriptional expression of SOCS-3 in COPD.

Methods
Real-time PCR was performed to assess quantitative changes in bronchial biopsies of COPD patients in comparison to unaffected controls.

Results
SOCS-3 was significantly down-regulated in COPD at the transcriptional level while SOCS-4 and SOCS-5 displayed no change.

Conclusions
It can be concluded that the presently observed inhibition of SOCS-3 mRNA expression may be related to the dysbalance of cytokine signaling observed in COPD.
The relationship between lymphatic vascular density and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression with clinical-pathological features and survival in pancreatic adenocarcinomas
Authors: Zorgetto Verônica A , Silveira Giórgia G , Oliveira-Costa João Paulo , Soave Danilo F , Soares Fernando A , Ribeiro-Silva Alfredo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Pancreatic cancer is a rare tumor with an extremely low survival rate. Its known risk factors include the chronic use of tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption and the presence of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as pancreatitis and type 2 diabetes. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, which have been the focus of recent research, are considered prognostic factors for cancer development. Knowing the angiogenic and lymphangiogenic profiles of a tumor may provide new insights for designing treatments according to the different properties of the tumor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the density of blood and lymphatic vessels, and the expression of VEGF-A, in pancreatic adenocarcinomas, as well as the relationship between blood and lymphatic vascular density and the prognostically important clinical-pathological features of pancreatic tumors.

Methods
Paraffin blocks containing tumor samples from 100 patients who were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer between 1990 and 2010 were used to construct a tissue microarray. VEGF expression was assessed in these samples by immunohistochemistry. To assess the lymphatic and vascular properties of the tumors, 63 cases that contained sufficient material were sectioned routinely. The sections were then stained with the D2-40 antibody to identify the lymphatic vessels and with a CD34 antibody to identify the blood vessels. The vessels were counted individually with the Leica Application Suite v4 program. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 18.0 (Chicago, IL, USA) software, and p values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant.

Results
In the Cox regression analysis, advanced age (p=0.03) and a history of type 2 diabetes (p=0.014) or chronic pancreatitis (p=0.02) were shown to be prognostic factors for pancreatic cancer. Blood vessel density (BVD) had no relationship with clinical-pathological features or death. Lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was inversely correlated with death (p=0.002), and by Kaplan-Meyer survival analysis, we found a significant association between low LVD (p=0.021), VEGF expression (p=0.023) and low patient survival.

Conclusions
Pancreatic carcinogenesis is related to a history of chronic inflammatory processes, such as type 2 diabetes and chronic pancreatitis. In pancreatic cancer development, lymphangiogenesis can be considered an early event that enables the dissemination of metastases. VEGF expression and low LVD can be considered as poor prognostic factors as tumors with this profile are fast growing and highly aggressive.

Virtual slides
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5113892881028514
Lower leg muscle strengthening does not redistribute plantar load in diabetic polyneuropathy: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Melai Tom , Schaper Nicolaas C , IJzerman T Herman , de Lange Ton LH , Willems Paul JB , Lima Passos Valéria , Lieverse Aloysius G , Meijer Kenneth , Savelberg Hans HCM 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundHigher plantar pressures play an important role in the development of plantar foot ulceration in diabetic polyneuropathy and earlier studies suggest that higher pressures under the forefoot may be related to a decrease in lower leg muscle strength. Therefore, in this randomised controlled trial we evaluated whether lower‐extremity strength training can reduce plantar pressures in diabetic polyneuropathy.MethodsThis study was embedded in an unblinded randomised controlled trial. Participants had diabetes and polyneuropathy and were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 48) receiving strength training during 24 weeks, or the control group (n = 46) receiving no intervention. Plantar pressures were measured in both groups at 0, 12, 24 and 52 weeks. A random intercept model was applied to evaluate the effects of the intervention on peak pressures and pressure–time‐integrals, displacement of center‐of‐pressure and the forefoot to rearfoot pressure–time‐integral‐ratio.ResultsPlantar pressure patterns were not affected by the strength training. In both the intervention and control groups the peak pressure and the pressure–time‐integral under the forefoot increased by 55.7 kPa (95% CI: 14.7, 96.8) and 2.0 kPa.s (95% CI: 0.9, 3.2) over 52 weeks, respectively. Both groups experienced a high number of drop‐outs, mainly due to deterioration of health status and lower‐extremity disabilities.ConclusionsPlantar pressures under the forefoot increase progressively over time in people with diabetic polyneuropathy, but in this study were not affected by strength training. Future intervention studies should take this increase of plantar pressure into account and alternative interventions should be developed to reduce the progressive lower extremity problems in these patients.Trial registrationThis study was embedded in a clinical trial with trial number NCT00759265.
Label-free proteomics identifies Calreticulin and GRP75/Mortalin as peripherally accessible protein biomarkers for spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Mutsaers Chantal A , Lamont Douglas J , Hunter Gillian , Wishart Thomas M , Gillingwater Thomas H 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease resulting from mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Recent breakthroughs in preclinical research have highlighted several potential novel therapies for SMA, increasing the need for robust and sensitive clinical trial platforms for evaluating their effectiveness in human patient cohorts. Given that most clinical trials for SMA are likely to involve young children, there is a need for validated molecular biomarkers to assist with monitoring disease progression and establishing the effectiveness of therapies being tested. Proteomics technologies have recently been highlighted as a potentially powerful tool for such biomarker discovery.

Methods
We utilized label-free proteomics to identify individual proteins in pathologically-affected skeletal muscle from SMA mice that report directly on disease status. Quantitative fluorescent western blotting was then used to assess whether protein biomarkers were robustly changed in muscle, skin and blood from another mouse model of SMA, as well as in a small cohort of human SMA patient muscle biopsies.

Results
By comparing the protein composition of skeletal muscle in SMA mice at a pre-symptomatic time-point with the muscle proteome at a late-symptomatic time-point we identified increased expression of both Calreticulin and GRP75/Mortalin as robust indicators of disease progression in SMA mice. We report that these protein biomarkers were consistently modified in different mouse models of SMA, as well as across multiple skeletal muscles, and were also measurable in skin biopsies. Furthermore, Calreticulin and GRP75/Mortalin were measurable in muscle biopsy samples from human SMA patients.

Conclusions
We conclude that label-free proteomics technology provides a powerful platform for biomarker identification in SMA, revealing Calreticulin and GRP75/Mortalin as peripherally accessible protein biomarkers capable of reporting on disease progression in samples of muscle and skin.
Determination of Host Phase of Lanthanum in Deep-sea REY-rich Mud by XAFS and µ-XRF Using High-energy Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Kashiwabara Teruhiko , Toda Ryuichi , Fujinaga Koichiro , Honma Tetsuo , Takahashi Yoshio , Kato Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Host phase of lanthanum (La) in deep-sea rare-earth elements and yttrium (REY)-rich mud was directly determined by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and micro-focused X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) analyses. Excitation of K edge of La by high-energy X-ray allowed us to avoid severe interferences of coexisting elements such as vanadium and titanium in XAFS and XRF. It was revealed for the first time that La is accumulated in apatite in this type of sediments.
Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Intravenously Injected Gold Nanorods in Mice
Authors: Fujii Masanori , Nakashima Naotoshi , Niidome Takuro , Niidome Yasuro 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Laser-induced desorption and ionization (LDI) of gold ions (Aun+: n = 1–3) were observed from gold nanorods in a liver tissue section (thickness: 10 µm). Larger amounts of gold nanorods produced stronger mass signals. Organic molecules in the tissue were not detected and did not inhibit the LDI processes of the gold nanorods in the tissue. Because of the selective LDI processes of the gold nanorods, the distribution of gold in the liver was successfully determined by imaging mass spectrometry.
Challenges and opportunities for dietary campaigns: Managerial perceptions of success factors
Authors: Bech-Larsen Tino , Aschemann-Witzel Jessica , Verbeke Wim , Niedzwiedzka Barbara 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The objective of our research was to explore and discuss the challenges and opportunities inherent to the management of public healthy eating campaigns. The discussion is based on a study of campaign managers’ perceptions of nine successfully implemented European healthy eating campaigns. Based on these interviews, we suggest that social marketing compared to commercial food marketing is not necessarily at a disadvantage; rather, social marketers working to promote healthy eating can benefit from the formation of alliances with public and private partners, the empowerment of their targets and of those who influence the targets, the development of credible and emotive messages and relationships with media and public institutions.
Walter Ong and media ecology
Authors: Soukup Paul A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The centennial of Walter Ong’s birth provides an occasion to revisit his work and weigh how he fits into the group of key figures for media ecology. His work provides a grounding of communication study apart from the media; it demonstrates a methodology helpful for further work; and it reminds media ecologists of the value of interdisciplinary work.
Refining secondary orality: Articulating what is felt, explaining what is implied
Authors: Lambke Abigail 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Walter J. Ong presented secondary orality as the stage of human communication following the age of print. But while Ong mentioned secondary orality in several significant publications, his scholarship on the concept was scattered, introductory and incomplete. This article synthesizes a definition of secondary orality from the entirety of Ong’s scholarship, in an effort to unify, develop and produce a comprehensive theory of secondary orality. Gathering references to secondary orality across decades of Ong’s scholarship reveals secondary orality to be defined by the merger of the dynamics of primary orality and typographic literacy, the re-emergence of the social and participatory nature of sound and a tension between planning and spontaneity. Such a cohesive definition enables scholars of sound to test the secondary orality thesis against emerging sound innovations, like Apple’s newly introduced voice-activated assistant, Siri.
Ong, Hopkins, and the evolution of consciousness
Authors: Harp Jerry 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Although Father Walter J. Ong is most widely known for his orality–literacy scholarship, we do well to bear in mind that his most advanced formal training was in literary studies. From early on in these studies, the figure he wrote about and continued to write about throughout his life was the poet, and fellow Jesuit, Gerard Manley Hopkins. Ong was drawn to Hopkins in large part for the bearing of his writing on the evolution of human consciousness. Ong discovered in his Master’s thesis on Hopkins’ sprung rhythm – written under Marshall McLuhan – that Hopkins was in some sense hearing in advance the sounds of what would become twentieth-century modernism. Hopkins displayed a sensibility and awareness that were compelling for the modernist writers of the twentieth century, as they carried out their experiments with finding new voices, new ways of writing poetry for the changed world in which they found themselves. Hopkins’ feel for the distinctive self, seeking connection with other selves in the uncertainties of time, played no small role in this appeal. Ong’s work on Hopkins is a model for both literary criticism and studies in the evolution of consciousness.
Intersections of Walter Ong’s pedagogy and theoretical ideas
Authors: Mareci Eberly 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A former student of Walter Ong reflects on his pedagogy and theories based on her experiences. The article focuses on classroom instructions – beginning with Ong’s famous index card assignment, favourite lines, or ‘Ongisms’ – such as ‘There is always an “us”’, and personal interactions that made the author aware of the limitations of her ‘text-bound mind’, taught her to explore her own biases calmly and indelibly shaped that way she read, studied and understood texts and media.
Book Reviews
Authors: Logan Robert K. , Forsberg Geraldine E. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Program Or Be Programmed: Ten Commands For A Digital Age, Douglas Rushkoff (2010) New York: O/R Books, 152 pp., ISBN: 978-1-935928-15-7, P/BK, $14.95
On The Binding Biases Of Time And Other Essays On General Semantics And Media Ecology, Lance Strate (2011) Fort Worth, TX: Institute Of General Semantics, 302 pp., ISBN: 978-0-9827559-2-1, H/Bk, $48, Isbn: 978-0-9827559-3-8, P/BK, $16
Multi-step degradation method for β-O-4 linkages in lignins: γ-TTSA method. Part 3. Degradation of milled wood lignin (MWL) from Eucalyptus globulus
Authors: Ando Daisuke , Nakatsubo Fumiaki , Takano Toshiyuki , Nishimura Hiroshi , Katahira Masato , Yano Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Milled wood lignin (MWL) of Eucalyptus globulus has been treated by a selective degradation method for β-O-4 linkages, which lets the lignin carbohydrate complexes (LCC) intact. The method consists of four reaction steps: (1) γ-tosylation, (2) thioetherification, (3) sulfonylation and (4) mild alkali treatment (γ-TTSA method). Each step was followed by spectroscopies for chemical structural analysis; especially, the HSQC-NMR analysis was in focus. It was demonstrated that β-O-4 linkages were selectively and quantitatively cleaved by the γ-TTSA method while the β-β linkages in the MWL remained intact. The method leads to an enrichment of LCCs.
Short-time ultrasonication treatment in enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass
Authors: Shi Zengqian , Cai Zhiyong , Wang Siqun , Zhong Qixin , Bozell Joseph J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
To improve the conversion of enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass in an energy-efficient manner, two short-time ultrasonication strategies were applied on six types of biomass with different structures and components. The strategies include pre-sonication before the hydrolysis and intermittent sonication during the ongoing hydrolysis. The microstructures of each type of biomass were characterized by scanning electron microscopy to investigate the potential correlation between biomass structure and ultrasonicaton. The concentration of resultant reducing sugar was measured to evaluate the efficiency of the hydrolysis. The results indicate that hydrolysis efficiency greatly depends on the initial structures of biomass and that short-time ultrasonication can yield up to 27.5% improvement in hydrolysis efficiency with only 120 s of sonication.
The sacred comedy: The problems and possibilities of Peter Berger's Theory of Humor
Authors: Feltmate David 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPeter Berger is one of the world's best known sociologists of religion, having made significant contributions to the theories of the social construction of religious worlds and secularization theory. He is also a lay theologian who has never been shy about putting forth his religious interpretations of modernity and combining his theological concerns with his sociological insights. This article considers the role of humor in Berger's overarching theoretical framework, demonstrating its consistency over a thirty-six year period in his writings from
Optimizing Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Exploring the Benefits of Continuous Kinase Suppression
Authors: Le Cesne Axel , Blay Jean-Yves , Reichardt Peter , Joensuu Heikki 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background.
The oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib has revolutionized the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), most of which harbor oncogenic mutation in genes that encode the receptor tyrosine kinases KIT or PDGFA. Imatinib is the standard of care for patients with advanced GIST and for patients with primary GIST at significant risk of recurrence after surgery.

Design.
This review discusses data supporting continuous kinase suppression with imatinib and key issues, including response to imatinib reintroduction, effect of treatment interruption on secondary resistance to imatinib, and prognostic factors associated with sustained response to imatinib.

Results.
Long-term follow-up results of the B2222 study and updated results of the BFR14 trial demonstrate that continuous imatinib treatment in patients with advanced GIST is associated with reduced risk of progression. For patients progressing on or intolerant of imatinib, continuing therapy with TKIs sunitinib followed by regorafenib is recommended. In the adjuvant setting, final results of the trial by the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group and the Sarcoma Group of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie demonstrate that 3 years of adjuvant imatinib, compared with 1 year, significantly reduces the risk of recurrence and improves overall survival of patients with KIT-positive GIST at high risk of recurrence.

Conclusions.
Maintenance of therapy with TKIs is the key to successful treatment of GIST. Results from recent studies provide a strong rationale for continuous imatinib treatment for 3 years following surgical resection and long-term continuous administration in advanced or metastatic GIST.
25 (OH) Vitamin D Levels and Renal Disease Progression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy and Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System
Authors: Fernández-Juárez Gema , Luño José , Barrio Vicente , de Vinuesa Soledad García , Praga Manuel , Goicoechea Marian , Lahera Vicente , Casas Luisa , Oliva Jesús 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Experimental studies show that 25 (OH) vitamin D is a suppressor of renin biosynthesis and that vitamin D deficiency has been associated with CKD progression. Patients with type II diabetes and CKD have an exceptionally high rate of severe 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency; however, it is not known whether this deficiency is a risk factor for progression of diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to investigate whether there is an association of 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency with disease progression in type II diabetic nephropathy.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
25 (OH) vitamin D levels were measured at baseline and 4 and 12 months in 103 patients included in a multicenter randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of combining an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and an angiotensin receptor blocker with the efficacy of each drug in monotherapy to slow progression of established diabetic nephropathy during 2006–2011. The primary composite endpoint was a >50% increase in baseline serum creatinine, ESRD, or death. All study participants were included in the analysis.

Results
Fifty-three patients (51.5%) had 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency (<15 ng/ml). After a median follow-up of 32 months, the endpoint was reached by 23 patients with deficiency (43.4%) and 8 patients without (16%). Multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted for urinary protein/creatinine ratio, estimated GFR, and baseline aldosterone showed that 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency was associated with the primary endpoint (hazard ratio, 2.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.84 to 7.67; P=0.04).

Conclusions
These results show that 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency is independently associated with a higher risk of the composite outcome in patients with type II diabetic nephropathy.