bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biofabricated nanomaterials in sustainable agriculture: insights, challenges and prospects
Authors: Mohanty Pratikhya , Singh Puneet Kumar , Lenka Basundhara , Adhya Tapan K , Verma Suresh K , Ayreen Zobia , Patro Shilpita , Sarkar Biplab , Mohapatra Ranjan K , Mishra Snehasish 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
One ever-evolving and ever-demanding critical human endeavour is the provision of food security for the growing world population. This can be done by adopting sustainable agriculture through horizontal (expanding the arable land area) and vertical (intensifying agriculture through sound technological approaches) interventions. Customized formulated nanomaterials have numerous advantages. With their specialized physico-chemical properties, some nanoparticulated materials improve the plant’s natural development and stress tolerance and some others are good nanocarriers. Nanocarriers in agriculture often coat chemicals to form composites having utilities with crop productivity enhancement abilities, environmental management (such as ecotoxicity reduction ability) and biomedicines (such as the ability to control and target the release of useful nanoscale drugs). Ag, Fe, Zn, TiO2, ZnO, SiO2 and MgO nanoparticles (NPs), often employed in advanced agriculture, are covered here. Some NPs used for various extended purposes in modern farming practices, including disease diagnostics and seed treatment are also covered. Thus, nanotechnology has revolutionized agrotechnology, which holds promise to transform agricultural (ecosystems as a whole to ensure food security in the future. Considering the available literature, this article further probes the emergent regulatory issues governing the synthesis and use of nanomaterials in the agriculture sector. If applied responsibly, nanomaterials could help improve soil health. This article provides an overview of the nanomaterials used in the distribution of biomolecules, to aid in devising a safer and eco-friendly sustainable agriculture strategy. Through this, agri-systems that depend on advanced farming practices might function more effectively and enhance agri-productivity to meet the food demand of the rising world population.
Logarithmic systolic growth for hyperbolic surfaces in every genus
Authors: Katz Mikhail , Sabourau Stéphane 
Published: July 2024

More than thirty years ago, Brooks [J. Reine Angew. Math. 390 (1988), pp. 117–129] and Buser–Sarnak [Invent. Math. 117 (1994), pp. 27–56] constructed sequences of closed hyperbolic surfaces with logarithmic systolic growth in the genus. Recently, Liu and Petri [Random surfaces with large systoles, https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.11428, 2023] showed that such logarithmic systolic lower bound holds for every genus (not merely for genera in some infinite sequence) using random surfaces. In this article, we show a similar result through a more direct approach relying on the original Brooks/Buser–Sarnak surfaces.
Can a chemotaxis-consumption system recover from a measure-type aggregation state in arbitrary dimension?
Authors: Heihoff Frederic 
Published: July 2024

We consider the chemotaxis-consumption system
\[

(

⋆

)

{

u
t

a
m
p
;
=
Δ
u
−
χ
∇
⋅
(
u
∇
v
)

v
t

a
m
p
;
=
Δ
v
−
u
v

\begin {cases} u_t &= \Delta u - \chi \nabla \cdot (u\nabla v) \\ v_t &= \Delta v - uv \end {cases} \tag {$\star $}

\]
in a smooth bounded domain

Ω
⊆

R

n

\Omega \subseteq \mathbb {R}^n

,

n
≥
2

n \geq 2

, with parameter

χ
>
0

\chi > 0

and Neumann boundary conditions. It is well known that, for sufficiently smooth nonnegative initial data and under a smallness condition for the initial state of

v
v

, solutions of the above system never blow up and are even globally bounded. Going in a sense a step further in this paper, we ask the question whether the system can even recover from an initial state that already resembles measure-type blowup. To answer this, we show that, given an arbitrarily large positive Radon measure

u
0

u_0

with

u
0

(

Ω
¯

)
>
0

u_0(\overline {\Omega }) > 0

as the initial data for the first equation and a nonnegative

L
∞

(
Ω
)

L^\infty (\Omega )

function

v
0

v_0

with
\[

0
>
‖

v
0

‖

L

∞

(
Ω
)

>

π
χ

2
n

0 > \|v_0\|_{L^{\infty }(\Omega )} > \frac {\pi }{\chi } \sqrt {\frac {2}{n}}

\]
as initial data for the second equation, it is still possible to construct a global classical solution to the above system. Notably, the above condition on the initial data appears to be weaker than those required in all previous works on (

⋆
\star

) even in frameworks of smooth initial data.
Equivariant 𝒟-modules on 2×2×𝓃 hypermatrices
Authors: Lőrincz András , Perlman Michael 
Published: July 2024

We study

D

\mathcal {D}

-modules and related invariants on the space of

2
×
2
×
n

2\times 2\times n

hypermatrices for

n
≥
3

n\geq 3

, which has finitely many orbits under the action of

G
=
G

L
2

(

C

)
×
G

L
2

(

C

)
×
G

L
n

(

C

)

G=GL_2(\mathbb {C}) \times GL_2(\mathbb {C}) \times GL_n(\mathbb {C})

. We describe the category of coherent

G
G

-equivariant

D

\mathcal {D}

-modules as the category of representations of a quiver with relations. We classify the simple equivariant

D

\mathcal {D}

-modules, determine their characteristic cycles and find special representations that appear in their

G
G

-structures. We determine the explicit

D

\mathcal {D}

-module structure of the local cohomology groups with supports given by orbit closures. As a consequence, we calculate the Lyubeznik numbers and intersection cohomology groups of the orbit closures. All but one of the orbit closures have rational singularities: we use local cohomology to prove that the one exception is neither normal nor Cohen–Macaulay. While our results display special behavior in the cases

n
=
3

n=3

and

n
=
4

n=4

, they are completely uniform for

n
≥
5

n\geq 5

.
Macro-Level Repression and Micro-Level Paths to Political Resistance
Authors: Adra Aya , Li Mengyao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter proposes a framework to understand the multifaceted impact of macro-level repression on individuals’ participation in political resistance. We focus on repression as a structural characteristic of a given country, and we propose that it may shape political resistance in two major ways. First, repression can influence resistance through affecting particular micro-level, psychological mechanisms that typically predict resistance (e.g., political dissatisfaction, efficacy). Second, repression can condition the links between resistance and many of its typical predictors. In other words, repression can make certain micro-level factors more, less, or differently relevant for resistance. To illustrate our propositions, we focus on two micro-level predictors of resistance—perceived injustice and political efficacy—and we draw on a wide range of political contexts, from backsliding democracies to stable authoritarian regimes.
Understanding Protest Violence: From Protesters’ to Non-Participants’ Support for Protest Violence
Authors: Saavedra Patricio , Drury John 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Protest violence may be one of the most controversial topics in collective action. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of how both protesters and non-participants nevertheless might come to endorse violence as a form of resistance against perceived restrictions on the right to protest in both repressive and less repressive contexts (e.g., democratic systems). Moreover, we shed light on the insufficiency of the pervasive distinction between normative and non-normative collective action that many social psychological works use to characterize street protests. Then, we provide an overview of “Five Dimensions to Unlock Protest Violence” (FiveDi), an interdisciplinary and multi-agent framework drawing upon the Elaborated Social Identity Model of collective action (ESIM), in which protest violence is acknowledged as a meaningful and context-dependent behavior. Finally, we conclude with some recommendations aimed at getting a better understanding of the occurrence and (de-)escalation of protest violence.
Some Critical Notes on the Psychology of Palestinian Resistance: An Interview With Dr. Mai Albzour
Authors: Albzour Mai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents an interview between the editors and the author about her work on and lived experiences and observations of the breadth of Palestinian resistance. The chapter discusses Palestinians’ varied resistance strategies over the past decades and the role of political and structural factors that influence social psychological processes linked to resistance under repression in this context. The author stresses the importance of considering complex intragroup and intergroup processes and differences in the psychology of resistance, instead of framing it as a binary intergroup issue, and the need to go beyond certain prototypes of resistance. Additionally, the importance of solidarity for resistance in this context, and the need to ground psychological analyses of resistance in history and the social structure, are emphasized.
Introduction
Authors: Mitra Channa Subhadra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides the key focus of the book, namely urban ethnography, the methodology and the universe of study, the ‘Sheheri’ dhobis of Old Delhi, the concept of biradari, and the history of their community and physical and social location within the city. Various theoretical issues of definition and the problems of identifying a unit within a fluid and unbounded global network system are taken up. Comparable works and various dimensions of urban fieldwork in the contemporary times are discussed. The preferred identity of the dhobis and their aversion to being called Dalit is a point introduced here. The concept of urban resilience strategies of survival of day-to-day life—and those of the boundaries and identification and theorization of units of study and understanding the concept of jati and its preferred use as compared to caste—are also dealt with.
Livelihood, Resources, and Strategies for Survival
Authors: Mitra Channa Subhadra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the traditional occupation of the dhobis in terms of the resources, techniques, and skills that they require and their transition from a caste-based jajmani kind of relationship to a modern economy, but one where the dhobi–grahak (client) relationships still maintain some of their earlier moral codes. The informal economy is embedded historically in social norms and values that tend to persist even in the cash-based market economy. The historically derived skills of the dhobis ensure them a space within the larger economy that is almost monopolistic and which serves to nurture their community identity. This chapter describes the dhobi’s relation to their clients with case studies and analyses how the social rationality of the dhobis prevents them from assuming a Dalit identity, preferring rather to stay within a system that ensures them of their livelihood.
Near UV photon upconversion in cast solid with quantum dot
Authors: Sawaguchi Kenta , Inada Kazuki , Eguchi Daichi , Kamada Kenji , Tamai Naoto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
CdS/ZnS core-shell semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) were hybridized with 1-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, triplet transmitter, by ligand exchange method. UV emission, peaked at 340 nm or longer, was obtained by visible continuous-wave excitation at 405 nm in n-hexane solution of the mixture of the hybridized QD and 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) as UV emitter, based on triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) mechanism. The same mixture, but in tetrahydrofuran, gave solid film by solution casting, which showed upconversion emission in the near UV spectral region (380 to 395 nm) by 405-nm excitation.
Digest: Sexually selected traits can affect individual fitness and trait evolution in a butterfly species
Authors: Oliveira Hernani Fernandes Magalhães , Freire-Jr. Geraldo , Bicalho Domingos Fabricius Maia Chaves 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Wedell and Kemp ([2024]. Examined the importance of female sexual preferences for male UV reflectance on offspring viability and the evolution of male traits in the butterfly Eurema hecabe. Female preferences were found to have multiple consequences, including increased trait value, higher offspring viability, and reduced mutational load. These findings highlight that female sexual preferences for specific male traits can also have further consequences for individual fitness and evolution of specific morphological characteristics.
Community health action and COVID-19 in Barcelona neighbourhoods: responses and challenges
Authors: Porthé Victoria , Fernández Ana , Barbieri Nicolás , Vázquez Noelia , González Inmaculada , Bastida Andrea , Pasarín M Isabel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated pre-existing social, economic and political inequalities. The evidence describes the use of community engagement approaches to support appropriate COVID-19 prevention and control measures. We aimed to delve deeper into the community response to COVID-19 in Barcelona neighbourhoods with different pre-existing levels of development of community health action (CHA). A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted in six Barcelona neighbourhoods with different types of CHAs. The sample included 37 in-depth interviews with community agents with good knowledge of the territory. The content analysis focused on three dimensions: symbolic (conceptions motivating action), substantive (the content and resources of the action) and operational (interactions between agents). Regardless of their CHA typology, all neighbourhoods responded to the needs generated by the pandemic. Symbolic: strong-CHA development, characterized by well-established participatory structures, facilitated responses to the crisis. In medium-CHA neighbourhoods, the emergency exacerbated previous tensions. In emerging-CHA neighbourhoods, previous participatory structures, although not health-specific, favoured the coordination of responses. Substantive: technology influenced the way CHA activities were conducted. Operative: in the strong-CHA neighbourhood, new participants were able to join previous participatory structures. In medium-CHA neighbourhoods, power dynamics hindered coordination. In conclusion, strong CHA can play a key role in addressing the adverse consequences of social and health crisis. Empowering citizens and communities should be a primary objective of public policy that integrates the ‘health-in-all-policies’ approach. This approach entails allocating public resources to strengthen the role of community action and power.
Antigen Titers in Cryptococcal Meningitis: What Determines How Fast They Fall?
Authors: Bennett John E , Williamson Peter R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Follow-up of previously healthy patients surviving cryptococcal meningitis found that cryptococcal antigen could be detected for &gt;1 year in serum from 38 of 44 (86%) patients and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 20 of 31 patients (67%), far beyond the time of culture conversion. The speed of titer decline, measured as the number of days for a 2-fold drop in titer to occur, was slower in serum than in CSF. The speed of decline of antigen titers was much slower in serum and CSF for patients infected with Cryptococcus gattii than Cryptococcus neoformans. The speed of decline in CSF and serum titers was also much slower in patients who had received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for increased intracranial pressure. The variable and extraordinarily slow rate of clearance in our patients did not appear to reflect differences in disease control but rather differences in species and shunting for increased intracranial pressure.
Research to classrooms: a co-designed curriculum brings All of Us data to secondary schools
Authors: Stark Louisa A , Fenker Kristin E , Krishnan Harini , Malone Molly , Peterson Rebecca J , Cowan Regina , Ensrud Jeremy , Gamboa Hector , Gayed Crstina , Refino Patricia , Tolk Tia , Walters Teresa , Crosby Yong , Baskir Rubin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We describe new curriculum materials for engaging secondary school students in exploring the “big data” in the NIH All of Us Research Program’s Public Data Browser and the co-design processes used to collaboratively develop the materials. We also describe the methods used to develop and validate assessment items for studying the efficacy of the materials for student learning as well as preliminary findings from these studies.

Materials and Methods
Secondary-level biology teachers from across the United States participated in a 2.5-day Co-design Summer Institute. After learning about the All of Us Research Program and its Data Browser, they collaboratively developed learning objectives and initial ideas for learning experiences related to exploring the Data Browser and big data. The Genetic Science Learning Center team at the University of Utah further developed the educators’ ideas. Additional teachers and their students participated in classroom pilot studies to validate a 22-item instrument that assesses students’ knowledge. Educators completed surveys about the materials and their experiences.

Results
The “Exploring Big Data with the All of Us Data Browser” curriculum module includes 3 data exploration guides that engage students in using the Data Browser, 3 related multimedia pieces, and teacher support materials. Pilot testing showed substantial growth in students’ understanding of key big data concepts and research applications.

Discussion and Conclusion
Our co-design process provides a model for educator engagement. The new curriculum module serves as a model for introducing secondary students to big data and precision medicine research by exploring diverse real-world datasets.
Protein quality of a small mammal prey and its body organs for felids
Authors: Sun Mengmeng , De Cuyper Annelies , Bosch Guido , Dierenfeld Ellen S , Hendriks Wouter H , Janssens Geert P J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study evaluated the protein quality of small mammalian prey and its body organs by analyzing amino acid (AA) composition and digestibility of wild adult rats and their body organs (skin/fur, bone, muscle, intestine, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, heart, and lung) utilizing an in vitro digestion method. The average dry matter (DM) digestibility of whole rats was 89.9%. The digestibility of total AA (TAA), total indispensable AA (TIAA), and total dispensable AA (TDAA) in whole rats was 85.6, 87.0, and 87.6%, respectively. Differences in DM digestibility were observed among rat organs, ranging from 59.0% in bone to 99.8% in muscle (P &lt; 0.001). Highly digestible organs generally exhibited AA digestibility exceeding 90%, except for cysteine (Cys) in the intestine and kidney (83.8% and 88.9%, respectively). The digestibility of AAs in skin/fur ranged from 19.7% for Cys to 81.0% for glycine (Gly). In bone, the digestibility spanned from 56.9% for Gly to 81.1% for tyrosine (Tyr). Additionally, examining the digestible indispensable AA score (DIAAS) gives us an idea of the protein quality of small mammalian prey and their body organs. Our results complement information on AA supply and digestion during prey ingestion by felids.
Phylogenetic assessment within a species complex of a subterranean rodent (Geomys bursarius) with conservation implications for isolated subspecies
Authors: Alexander Nathan , de Flamingh Alida , Cosentino Bradley J , Schooley Robert L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Range contraction and expansion from glaciation have led to genetic divergence that may be particularly pronounced in fossorial species with low dispersal. The plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius) is a fossorial species that ranges widely across North America but has a poorly understood phylogeny. We used mitogenomes (14,996 base pairs) from 56 individuals across seven subspecies, plus two outgroup species, to assess genetic divergence from minimum spanning trees, measure genetic distances, and infer phylogenetic trees using BEAST. We found G. b. wisconsinensis was monophyletic with recent divergence. Further assessment is needed for G. b. major because it was paraphyletic and exhibited inconsistent groupings with other clades. Importantly, we identified G. b. illinoensis as being genetically distinct and monophyletic likely due to a unique colonization event eastward across the Mississippi River. Because G. b. illinoensis faces continued pressures from niche reduction and habitat loss, we recommend that G. b. illinoensis be considered an evolutionary significant unit warranting conservation actions to promote connectivity and restore suitable habitat. Such conservation efforts should benefit other grassland species including those originating from clades west of the Mississippi River that may also be evolutionary significant units.
Particle acceleration at the bow shock of runaway star LS 2355: non-thermal radio emission but no γ-ray counterpart
Authors: van den Eijnden J , Mohamed S , Carotenuto F , Motta S , Saikia P , Williams-Baldwin D R A 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Massive stars that travel at supersonic speeds can create bow shocks as their stellar winds interact with the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). These bow shocks – prominent sites for mechanical feedback of individual massive stars – are predominantly observed in the infrared (IR) band. Confirmed high-energy emission from stellar bow shocks has remained elusive and confirmed radio counterparts, while rising in recent years, remain rare. Here, we present an in-depth multiwavelength exploration of the bow shock driven by LS 2355, focusing on its non-thermal properties. Using the most recent Fermi source catalogue, we rule out its previously proposed association with an unidentified γ-ray source. Furthermore, we use deep Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) observations from the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey and the Evolutionary Map of the Universe survey to identify a non-thermal radio counterpart: the third spectrally confirmed non-thermal bow shock counterpart after BD+43°3654 and BD+60°2522. We finally use Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) IR data and Gaia to study the surrounding ISM and update the motion of LS 2355. Specifically, we derive a substantially reduced stellar velocity, $v_* = 7.0\pm 2.5$ km s−1, compared to previous estimates. The observed non-thermal properties of the bow shock can be explained by an interaction between the wind of LS 2355 and a dense H ii region, at a magnetic field close to the maximum magnetic field strength allowed by the compressibility of the ISM. Similar to earlier works, we find that the thermal radio emission of the shocked ISM is likely to be substantially suppressed for it to be consistent with the observed radio spectrum.