bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivery of Differentiation Factors by Mesoporous Silica Particles Assists Advanced Differentiation of Transplanted Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Garcia-Bennett Alfonso E. , Kozhevnikova Mariya , König Niclas , Zhou Chunfang , Leao Richardson , Knöpfel Thomas , Pankratova Stanislava , Trolle Carl , Berezin Vladimir , Bock Elisabeth , Aldskogius Håkan , Kozlova Elena N. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Stem cell transplantation holds great hope for the replacement of damaged cells in the nervous system. However, poor long-term survival after transplantation and insufficiently robust differentiation of stem cells into specialized cell types in vivo remain major obstacles for clinical application. Here, we report the development of a novel technological approach for the local delivery of exogenous trophic factor mimetics to transplanted cells using specifically designed silica nanoporous particles. We demonstrated that delivering Cintrofin and Gliafin, established peptide mimetics of the ciliary neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, respectively, with these particles enabled not only robust functional differentiation of motor neurons from transplanted embryonic stem cells but also their long-term survival in vivo. We propose that the delivery of growth factors by mesoporous nanoparticles is a potentially versatile and widely applicable strategy for efficient differentiation and functional integration of stem cell derivatives upon transplantation.
Trois conceptions de la connaissance littéraire : cognitive, affective, pratique
Authors: Engel Pascal 
Published: October 2013

À partir d’une typologie des formes de connaissance, je soutiens qu’il y a trois formes principales de connaissance littéraire : cognitive propositionnelle, affective et pratique. La conception propositionnelle est erronée : la littérature ne fournit pas directement une forme de savoir que. La conception affective ou expressiviste peut au mieux dire qu’il y a des effets cognitifs des oeuvres littéraires. La conception pratique a le plus de chances d’être correcte, mais seulement si l’on accepte l’idée que le savoir pratique est en partie basé sur le savoir propositionnel.
Two New Sterile Species of Loxospora (Sarrameanaceae: Lichenized Ascomycetes) from the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain
Authors: Lendemer James C. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Molecular phylogenetic analyses of mtSSU and nrITS sequence data show that two new crustose species belong to the genus Loxospora. Both species are sterile asexually reproducing crustose lichens from the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of eastern North America, and are chemically similar to L. lecanoriformis in producing 2-0-methylperlatolic acid. Loxosopora assateaguensis is a sorediate species that is described from a single locality on Assateague Island in Maryland. Loxospora confusa is a granulose-isidiate species that is widespread in the Mid-Atlantic with a disjunct population in the Joccassee Gorges of the southern Appalachian Mountains.
Membrane Materials and Module Development, Historical Perspective
Authors: Kucera Jane 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe recorded history of membrane‐based separations can be traced back to the mid‐eighteenth century, when Abbe Nollet “observed” the phenomenon of osmosis. Over 100 years later, Fick formulated his Law of Diffusion through membranes (which is still today considered fundamental to understanding membrane transport). However, little other substantive development work with membranes was undertaken prior to the early 1900s, and efforts after the turn of the century were focused primarily on microfiltration. It was not until the mid‐twentieth century that membranes and membrane‐based technologies began to flourish.In the 50 + years since then, development of synthetic membranes has resulted in a number of membranes, varieties and applications. Membranes have been prepared from an assortment of organic (polymeric) and inorganic (ceramic) materials, and have been used for such diverse separations as gas from gas; gas from liquid; liquid from liquid; dissolved solids from liquid; and suspended solids from liquids.This article chronicles the development of membrane materials, from early efforts using microfiltration to culture bacteria, through the prolific growth of membranes in the latter half of the twentieth century, to the advent of nanotechnology in polymeric and ceramic membranes. In addition to details about membrane materials, preparation methods, and modularization techniques, the drivers for development are discussed.
Mechanistic Modeling of Transport in Nanofiltration
Authors: Szymczyk Anthony 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

This article discusses macroscopic modeling of the transport mechanisms of ions through nanofiltration membranes. The modeling is based on mechanistic approaches that consider nanofiltration membranes as bundles of (nano)pores and ionic transport as resulting from hindered diffusion, electromigration, and convection. The governing equations are presented and the main assumptions and approximations are reviewed and discussed. Special attention is given to the uniform potential approximation (also called
homogeneous approximation
), which forms the basis of most current transport models used in nanofiltration. The impact of steric hindrance, membrane fixed charge density, and salt concentration on the rejection of single‐salt solutions and electrolyte mixtures is illustrated through a series of examples. Some recent advances in nanofiltration modeling (introduction into transport models of the dielectric exclusion phenomena and spatial inhomogeneities of the fixed charge) are also briefly discussed.
Life Domain Satisfactions as Predictors of Overall Life Satisfaction Among Workers: Evidence from Chile
Authors: Loewe Nicolas , Bagherzadeh Mehdi , Araya-Castillo Luis , Thieme Claudio , Batista-Foguet Joan Manuel 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article examines the subjective antecedents of life satisfaction of workers. Adopting a ‘bottom-up’ perspective, we assessed the unique influence that satisfaction with multiple life domains have on evaluative judgments of overall life satisfaction. Based on a nationwide sample of 530 Chilean workers, we simultaneously tested the effects of seven life domain satisfactions that have been consistently included in extant models of life satisfaction and subjective well-being. These were satisfaction with health, financial situation, social relationships, one’s self-worth, leisure-time, family, and work. Having controlled for age and gender, results showed that satisfaction with one’s financial situation was the dominant predictor of overall life satisfaction of workers, with a weight of .36. Satisfaction with family, work, and health had effects of .25, .14, and .14, respectively. Interestingly, satisfaction with one’s self-worth, leisure-time, and social relationships did not have statistically significant effects on life satisfaction, although the first two showed t values near the critical value.
Adhesion and Physicochemical Properties of Soy Protein Modified by Sodium Bisulfite
Authors: Qi Guangyan , Li Ningbo , Wang Donghai , Sun Xiuzhi Susan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSoy protein adhesives with a high solid content (28–39 %) were extracted from soy flour slurry modified with sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) at different concentrations. 11S‐dominated soy protein fractions (SP 5.4) and 7S‐dominated soy protein fractions (SP 4.5) were precipitated at pH 5.4 and pH 4.5, respectively. The objective of this work was to study the effects of NaHSO3 on adhesion and physicochemical properties of soy protein. The adhesion performance of NaHSO3‐modified SP 4.5 was better than SP 5.4; the wet strength of these two fractions was from 2.5 to 3.2 MPa compared with 1.6 MPa of control soy protein isolate. SDS‐PAGE results revealed the reducing effects of NaHSO3 on soy protein. The isoelectric pH of soy protein decreased as NaHSO3 increased due to the induced extra negative charges (RS‐SO3−) on the protein surface. The rheological properties of soy protein adhesives were improved significantly. Unmodified samples SP 5.4 and SP 4.5 had clay‐like properties and extremely high viscosity, respectively; with 2–8 g/L NaHSO3 modification, both SP 5.4 and SP 4.5 had a viscous cohesive phase with good flowability. Overall, NaHSO3‐modified soy protein adhesives in our study have many advantages over the traditional soy protein isolate adhesive such as better adhesion performance, higher solid content but with good flowability and longer shelf life.
Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A interferes with the development of cerebellar granule neurons in mice and chicken
Authors: Mathisen Gro H. , Yazdani Mazyar , Rakkestad Kirsten E. , Aden Petra K. , Bodin Johanna , Samuelsen Mari , Nygaard Unni C. , Goverud Ingeborg L. , Gaarder Mona , Løberg Else Marit , Bølling Anette K. , Becher Rune , Paulsen Ragnhild E. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn mice, prenatal exposure to low doses of bisphenol A has been shown to affect neurogenesis and neuronal migration in cortex, resulting in disturbance of both neuronal positioning and the network formation between thalamus and cortex in the offspring brain. In the present study we investigated whether prenatal exposure to bisphenol A disturbs the neurodevelopment of the cerebellum. Two different model systems were used; offspring from two strains of mice from mothers receiving bisphenol A in the drinking water before mating, during gestation and lactation, and chicken embryos exposed to bisphenol A (in the egg) on embryonic day 16 for 24 h before preparation of cerebellar granule cell cultures. In the cerebellum, tight regulation of the level of transcription factor Pax6 is critical for correct development of granule neurons. During the development, the Pax6 level in granule neurons is high when these cells are located in the external granule layer and during their migration to the internal granule layer, and it is then reduced. We report that bisphenol A induced an increase in the thickness of the external granule layer and also an increase in the total cerebellar Pax6 level in 11 days old mice offspring. In cultured chicken cerebellar granule neurons from bisphenol A injected eggs the Pax6 level was increased day 6 in vitro. Together, these findings indicate that bisphenol A may affect the granule neurons in the developing cerebellum and thereby may disturb the correct development of the cerebellum.
Integrability conditions of geodesic flow on homogeneous Monge manifolds
Authors: COMBOT THIERRY , WATERS THOMAS 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe prove a meromorphic integrability criterion for the geodesic flow of an algebraic manifold of the form${z}^{p} - f({x}_{1} , \ldots , {x}_{n} )= 0$with the induced metric of${ \mathbb{C} }^{n+ 1} $and$f$a homogeneous rational function, using a parallel between the properties of such algebraic manifolds and homogeneous potentials. We then apply this criterion to the manifolds of the form$z= {\lambda }_{1} { x}_{1}^{k} + \cdots + {\lambda }_{n} { x}_{n}^{k} $,$k\in { \mathbb{Z} }^{+ } $, and${x}^{n} {y}^{m} {z}^{l} = 1, n, m, l\in \mathbb{Z} $, and prove that their geodesic flow is not integrable except for some given exceptional cases.
Market Development and the Asset Growth Effect: International Evidence
Authors: Titman Sheridan , John Wei K. C. , Xie Feixue 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA number of studies of U.S. stock returns document what is referred to as the investment or asset growth effect. Specifically, firms that increase investment or total assets subsequently earn lower risk-adjusted returns. This study finds substantial cross-country differences in the asset growth effect. In particular, the asset growth effect is stronger in countries with more developed financial markets, but it does not seem to be associated with corporate governance or the costs of trading. Overall, the evidence is consistent with a q-theory where financial market development captures either managers’ willingness or ability to align investment expenditures to the cost of capital, but it is inconsistent with the hypothesis that the asset growth effect is due to bad governance and overinvestment.
Cutting cancer waiting times: streamlining cervical lymph node biopsy
Authors: Dimbleby G , Golding L , Al Hamarneh O , Ahmad I 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackground:Patients with enlarged lymph nodes present to a number of different specialties and diagnosis is often made following a biopsy.Objective:This study aimed to establish department waiting times for cervical lymph node biopsy, and compare these to the cancer services guidelines.Methods:A retrospective audit was carried out to record patient waiting times (defined as the number of days from referral to biopsy) between May and December 2010. A proforma for referral was introduced. In addition, appointments for biopsies were arranged by a co-ordinator. A prospective re-audit was carried out from March to September 2011.Results:The first audit showed that national guidelines were not met; there was a median waiting time of 74 days (interquartile range, 47–113). Re-audit demonstrated a significant reduction in waiting times using the proforma; the median waiting time had decreased to 18 days (interquartile range, 9–22).Conclusion:A proforma for lymph node biopsy and a designated co-ordinator streamlined the service, significantly reducing waiting times. Together, these can aid referral for meeting guidelines and improve patient care.
Polymorphic variants of MnSOD Val16Ala, CAT-262 C < T and GPx1 Pro198Leu genotypes and the risk of laryngeal cancer in a smoking population
Authors: Aynali G , Doğan M , Sütcü R , Yüksel Ö , Yariktaş M , Ünal F , Yasan H , Ceyhan B , Tüz M 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjective:To investigate the relationship between development of laryngeal cancer and the presence of polymorphisms of the MnSOD Val16Ala, CAT-262 C < T and GPx1 Pro198Leu genes in a smoking population.Patients and methods:Single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined in DNA from the peripheral blood erythrocytes of 48 heavy smokers (25 patients with laryngeal cancer and 23 cancer-free controls), using polymerase chain reaction.Results:There were no significant differences in age, smoking duration or smoking intensity, comparing the two groups. The homozygous AA genotype of MnSOD Val16Ala was significantly more prevalent in the cancer group than the control group (92vs13 per cent, respectively), while the heterozygous AV genotype of MnSOD Val16Ala was more prevalent in the control group than the cancer group (87vs8 per cent, respectively) (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the cancer and control groups regarding GPx1 Pro198Leu or CAT-262 C < T polymorphisms.Conclusion:Polymorphism of the MnSOD Val16Ala gene may contribute to susceptibility to laryngeal cancer among smokers.
Intervention and the ordering of the modern world
Authors: MACMILLAN JOHN 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis introductory discussion establishes the notion of intervention as a ‘social practice’ and carves out the contextual and conceptual space for the Special Issue as a whole. The first move is to recontextualise intervention in terms of ‘modernity’ as distinct from the sovereign states system. This shift enables a better appreciation of the dynamic and evolutionary context that generates variation in the practice of intervention over time and space and which is analytically sensitive to the economic and cultural (as well as Great Power) hierarchies that generate rationales for intervention. The second move is to reconceptualise intervention as a specific modality of coercion relatively well-suited to the regulation or mediation of conflict between territorially bounded political communities and transnational social forces. Third is to ‘historicise’ the practice of intervention through showing how it has changed in relation to a range of international orders that have defined the modern world and which are each characterised by a different notion of the relationship between social and territorial space. Fourth and finally is a brief consideration of the possibility of intervention's demise as a social practice.
Historicising intervention: strategy and synchronicity in British intervention 1815–50
Authors: MACMILLAN JOHN 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article identifies three key themes in British intervention for purposes of liberal reordering in the period 1815–50, namely the ‘opening-up’ of new market spaces (discussed in relation to Uruguay/the Argentine Confederation in the 1840s), a cosmopolitan humanitarianism evident in the campaign for the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade that ran throughout this period, and the political-ideological contest between constitutionalist and absolutist forces and represented here by intervention in the Iberian Peninsula in the late 1820s to1830s. In developing a strategic perspective upon military/naval intervention the analysis shows its utility to have been subordinate to more fundamental sociopolitical, cultural, and institutional determinants. With regard to understanding the outcomes of specific intervention the analysis shows the importance of systematically evaluating developments in the domestic political environments of both intervening and target state as well as the military campaign itself and the need for sufficient general alignment or synchronisation in the timeline of developments in each of these three domains. This model helps to explain that whilst liberal interventions are not necessarily bound to fail, they frequently prove more difficult, complex, and protracted than the interveners expect.
Development, intervention, and international order
Authors: WILLIAMS DAVID 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe project of international development involves the reordering of states (or at least attempts to do so), it sits at the intersection between transnational forces and bounded political entities and it is a manifestation of the will to order of powerful states. It would seem then to be closely connected to practices of intervention. At times, the practices of development agencies have taken on a more interventionist character, but in recent years their relationship to many developing countries has taken on a more intricate, subtle, and everyday form. It has in important respects moved ‘beyond’ intervention. This has significance beyond international development. Development agencies have been recruited to wider projects of international ordering, especially the construction of regimes of global governance and the ‘development’ of post-intervention states.
The cognitive and neural correlates of psychopathy and especially callous–unemotional traits in youths: A systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Herpers Pierre C. M. , Scheepers Floor E. , Bons Daniëlle M. A. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Rommelse Nanda N. J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIt is unclear whether the concepts and findings of the underlying neurobiology of adult psychopathy apply to youths as well. If so, a life span approach to treatment should be taken. Because youths’ brains are still developing, interventions at an early age may be far more effective in the long run. The aim of this systematic review is to examine whether the neurocognitive and neurobiological factors that underlie juvenile psychopathy, and specifically callous–unemotional (CU) traits, are similar to those underlying adult psychopathy. The results show that youths with CU traits show lower levels of prosocial reasoning, lower emotional responsivity, and decreased harm avoidance. Brain imaging studies in youths with CU traits are still rare. Available studies suggest specific neural correlates, such as a reduced response of the amygdala and a weaker functional connectivity between the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. These findings are largely in line with existing theories of adult psychopathy, such as the dual-hormone serotonergic hypothesis and the integrated emotions systems theory. We recommend that future studies investigate the role of oxytocin, invest in the study of neural mechanisms, and study the precursors, risk factors, and correlates of CU traits in early infancy and in longitudinal designs.
Hunger Strikers: Ethical and Legal Dimensions of Medical Complicity in Torture at Guantanamo Bay
Authors: Dougherty Sarah M. , Leaning Jennifer , Greenough P. Gregg , Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPhysicians and other licensed health professionals are involved in force-feeding prisoners on hunger strike at the US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay (GTMO), Cuba, the detention center established to hold individuals captured and suspected of being terrorists in the wake of September 11, 2001. The force-feeding of competent hunger strikers violates medical ethics and constitutes medical complicity in torture. Given the failure of civilian and military law to end the practice, the medical profession must exert policy and regulatory pressure to bring the policy and operations of the US Department of Defense into compliance with established ethical standards. Physicians, other health professionals, and organized medicine must appeal to civilian state oversight bodies and federal regulators of medical science to revoke the licenses of health professionals who have committed prisoner abuses at GTMO.DoughertySM, LeaningJ, GreenoughPG, BurkleFMJr. Hunger strikers: ethical and legal dimensions of medical complicity in torture at Guantanamo Bay. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(6):1-9.
D2receptor occupancy following lurasidone treatment in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Potkin Steven G. , Keator David B. , Kesler-West Marilyn L. , Nguyen Dana D. , van Erp Theo. G. M. , Mukherjee Jogeshwar , Shah Nikunj , Preda Adrian 
Published: September 2013

Objective/IntroductionLurasidone is an atypical antipsychotic medication approved for the treatment of schizophrenia over a dose range of 40–160 mg/day. This study examined D2receptor occupancy and its association with clinical improvement and side effects in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder following repeated doses of 80, 120, or 160 mg/day of lurasidone.MethodsTwenty-five patients withThe Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV) diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were washed out of their antipsychotic medications (5 half-lives) and randomly assigned to 80, 120, or 160 mg/day of lurasidone. Subjects were imaged with 18F-fallypride at baseline and at steady-state lurasidone treatment to determine D2receptor occupancy.ResultsBlood lurasidone concentration (plus major metabolite), but not dose, significantly correlated with D2receptor occupancy. D2receptor occupancy in several subcortical structures is associated with positive but not negative symptom improvement or the presence of movement symptoms.DiscussionBlood concentrations greater than 70 ng/mL may be required to achieve a 65% occupancy level in subcortical areas. Intersubject blood concentrations at fixed dose were highly variable and may account for the lack of dose correlations.ConclusionsPositron emission tomography (PET) occupancy data suggest that greater than 65% occupancy can be achieved across the dose range of 80–160 mg/day and that some patients require higher doses to achieve antipsychotic efficacy; this finding supports prior randomized clinical trial results.