bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framingham Risk Score underestimates cardiovascular disease risk in severe psoriatic patients: Implications in cardiovascular risk factors management and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Torres Tiago , Sales Rita , Vasconcelos Carlos , Martins da Silva Berta , Selores Manuela 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSevere psoriasis has been associated with increase cardiovascular mortality, due to a higher prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and premature atherosclerosis, as a consequence of its systemic inflammation. Recently, it has been estimated that severe psoriasis may confer an increased 6.2% on long‐term risk of cardiovascular disease based on Framingham Risk Score, which can have practical implications in the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, as treatment guidelines account for the risk of cardiovascular disease in treatment goals. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the attributable risk of severe psoriasis on long‐term risk of cardiovascular disease and its implication on the correct treatment of cardiovascular risk factors and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease on a real‐world cohort of patients. One hundred severe psoriasis patients without psoriatic arthritis or previous cardiovascular disease were evaluated and it was found that more than half of the patients were reclassified to a higher cardiovascular risk category with important clinical implications on the correct management of their cardiovascular risk factors and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, as a considerable proportion of patients with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease equivalent risk were not being correctly managed.
Anti‐type VII collagen autoantibodies, detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, fluctuate in parallel with clinical severity in patients with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Authors: Ito Yoshihiro , Kasai Hiroko , Yoshida Tetsuya , Saleh Marwah A. , Amagai Masayuki , Yamagami Jun 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease caused by autoantibodies against type VII collagen. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is currently available to detect autoantibodies in EBA. There have been reports suggesting generically that ELISA indices reflect EBA disease severity; however, there is, as yet, no conclusion as to whether ELISA indices fluctuate with disease activity over time in each EBA patient. This study aimed to investigate whether ELISA titers fluctuate with EBA disease activity and to validate the clinical significance of checking ELISA values in EBA by monitoring type VII collagen ELISA titers and disease severity, evaluated in terms of numbers of blisters and erosions as a clinical score, over time in three Japanese patients with EBA. All three cases in this study, which were treated successfully, showed titers of anti‐type VII collagen autoantibodies detected by ELISA that fluctuated in parallel with disease activity. Especially in case 1, we could determine that the expanding erosions were not due to flare‐ups of EBA because the ELISA indices stayed low, although new lesions continued to appear. In fact, control of infection and nutrition helped the lesions to become epithelialized. In conclusion, we found that repeated ELISA measurements are useful in monitoring disease activity and making decisions in EBA treatment plans.
Isokinetic muscle performance of the hip and ankle muscles in women with fibromyalgia
Authors: Yetişgin Alparslan , Tiftik Tülay , Kara Murat , Karabay İlkay , Akkuş Selami , Ersöz Murat 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare isokinetic muscle performances of a proximal (hip) and a distal (ankle) muscle of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) patients with those of age‐ and body mass index (BMI)‐matched healthy subjects.MethodsThirty female patients with FMS (mean age: 41.5 ± 6.7 years [range, 27–54]) and 30 age‐ (mean age: 40.6 ± 6.0 years [range, 27–54]) and BMI‐matched female healthy controls were consecutively enrolled. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects were recorded. Isokinetic measurements of hip and ankle flexion and extension at angular velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s, peak torques, flexor‐extensor torque ratios, muscle fatigue resistance values and average power were obtained.ResultsMean disease duration of FMS patients was 2.4 ± 1.9 years. Mean weight, height and BMI values were 70.4 ± 12.5 kg, 159.5 ± 6.0 cm and 27.7 ± 4.7 kg/m² (FMS patients) and 69.3 ± 10.1 kg, 161.7 ± 6.2 cm and 26.6 ± 4.3 kg/m² (control subjects), respectively (all P > 0.05). All isokinetic values were statistically decreased in the FMS group when compared with the control group, except for the peak torques at angular velocity of 180°/s on flexion of the hip and extension of the ankle and the total work and average power on extension of the ankle. We did not find any correlation between isokinetic values and disease related parameters of FMS patients.ConclusionsIn the light of our results, we may conclude that muscle strength and muscle fatigue seem to decrease in FMS patients' both proximal and distal lower extremity muscles.
Comparison of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion, Bicarbonate, and Tailored Liposomes in Rabbit Clomipramine Toxicity
Authors: Cave Grant , Harvey Martyn , Shaw Tom , Damitz Robert , Chauhan Anuj 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesLiposome (LIP)‐like lipid dispersions have emerged as useful detoxification vehicles in vitro. The authors compare resuscitation with tailored LIPs, 20% intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE), and sodium bicarbonate (BIC), in a rabbit model of clomipramine toxicity.MethodsSedated, instrumented New Zealand white rabbits underwent clomipramine infusion at 3.2 mg/kg/min to 50% baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) and then at 1.6 mg/kg/min for 30 minutes. BIC (3 mL/kg 8.4%), ILE (3 mL/kg 20%), or LIP (24 mg/kg) were infused as rescue treatments at toxicity and were repeated at 10 minutes (n = 5 in each group).ResultsThirty‐minute MAP was greatest in ILE‐treated animals: 61 mm Hg ILE (interquartile range [IQR] = 49 to 64 mm Hg), 43 mm Hg LIP (IQR = 36.5 to 49 mm Hg), and 10 mm Hg BIC (IQR = 10 to 44 mm Hg; all p = 0.02). Two of the five BIC‐treated animals survived to 30 minutes, compared with all five of the ILE‐treated animals and all five of the LIP‐treated animals (p = 0.044).ConclusionsBoth ILE and LIPs improved hemodynamic recovery compared with bicarbonate in clomipramine‐induced cardiotoxicity in rabbits. Greater 30‐minute MAP was observed in the ILE group.
Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Does Not Reverse Dabigatran‐induced Anticoagulation in a Rat Model
Authors: Blum Jared , Carreiro Stephanie , Hack Jason B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe anticoagulant dabigatran has no reversal agent and may cause life‐threatening bleeding in patients with trauma or closed‐space hemorrhage. Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) is thought to create a lipid compartment in serum that sequesters lipophilic drugs. Dabigatran is lipophilic, and its anticoagulant effects are concentration dependent. The study objective was to determine if ILE therapy reverses dabigatran's anticoagulant effects.MethodsTwenty rats were selected at random, 10 in the ILE group and 10 in a normal saline (NS) control group. Animals had a baseline tail bleeding time (T0), followed by oral dabigatran administration (15 mg/kg). At 45 minutes (T45), a second tail bleed time measurement was performed, followed by a 7‐minute infusion of 15 mL/kg ILE or NS. A final 60‐minute (T60) bleed time measurement was obtained. An ILE‐only group of five animals had bleeding times assessed prior to (T0) and 15 minutes after (T15) ILE therapy. A mixed‐effect repeated‐measures analysis of variance modeling the effect of time, group, and the interaction of group and time on bleed times was conducted.ResultsThere was a significant within‐subject change in bleeding time across the assessment points (F(2,36) = 33; p < 0.001), but there were no effect of group (F(1,18) = 1.42, p = 0.25) or an interaction between group and assessment point on mean bleeding time (F(2,36) = 0.59, p = 56). Between T0 and T45, average bleeding times increased from 109.5 seconds (95% confidence interval [CI] = 94 to 125 seconds) to 231.8 seconds (95% CI = 193 to 271 seconds; p < 0.0001) for both the ILE group and the NS control group. Between T45 and T60, bleeding times in the ILE group decreased by 31.5 seconds (95% CI = –77 to 14 seconds) and by 6 seconds (95% CI = –67 to 55 seconds) in the NS group (p = 0.46). In the five ILE‐only animals, the average bleeding time at T0 was 114 seconds (95% CI = 62 to 166 seconds), which increased significantly at T15 to 237 seconds (95% CI = 161 to 313 seconds; p = 0.02).ConclusionsThe anticoagulant effects of dabigatran are not reversed with ILE therapy. Although ILE itself significantly prolonged bleeding times, when administered to dabigatran‐anticoagulated rats, bleeding times did not change significantly. There may be a complex interaction of ILE with dabigatran that this study was not able to elucidate.
Jumps and Trading Activity in Interest Rate Futures Markets: The Response to Macroeconomic Announcements
Authors: Bjursell Johan , H. K. Wang George , I. Webb Robert 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe apply nonparametric statistical procedures to extract jumps around scheduled macroeconomic news in U.S. Treasury bond, U.S. Treasury note and Eurodollar futures prices from 2001 to 2004. Volatility and trading activity during announcement days with jumps versus no jumps are also analyzed with computerized trade reconstruction (CTR) and time and sales high frequency data. Several interesting results are obtained. First, while jumps often occur during announcement periods, many jumps cannot be associated with macroeconomic news releases. Second, volatility and trading volume are higher during announcement days with jumps than announcement days without jumps. Furthermore, volatility returns to the pre‐announcement level faster following scheduled news releases with jumps than after announcements without jumps. Third, we find that price and trading volume are adjusting simultaneously in the first 1‐minute interval following the announcement. Thus our results do not confirm that there exists a two‐stage adjustment process for prices and trading volume in interest rate futures following scheduled public news releases.
Correlation of morphological markers of chromosomal instability in fine needle aspiration cytology with grade of breast cancer
Authors: Verma S. , Dey P. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate morphological markers of chromosomal instability (CI) in relation to cytological grade of breast cancer in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) specimens.MethodsHerein we selected 55 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma diagnosed on FNAC. Representative haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained smears were chosen to count chromatin bridges, multipolar mitoses per smear, and micronuclei and nuclear budding per 1000 carcinoma cells. The cases were also graded by two independent observers as grade I, II and III. The CI markers were correlated with the grade of breast carcinomas.ResultsOut of 55 carcinomas, nine were grade I, nine grade II and 37 grade III. While none of the grade I carcinomas showed chromosomal bridges, the number per smear was 0.4 (± 0.7) and 3.1 (± 2.5) for grade II and III carcinomas, respectively. No multipolar mitoses were observed in grade I or II carcinomas; the number per smear was 3.7 (±3.0) in grade III carcinomas. The mean number per 1000 malignant cells of micronuclei was 1.2 (±1.7), 3.7 (±2.1) and 12.2 (±5.1) and of nuclear buds was 2.3 (±3.2), 4.7 (±2.1) and 12.4 (±4.7) in grade I, II and III carcinomas, respectively. There was a significant increase in the mean numbers of chromatin bridges, micronuclei and nuclear buds in grade I, II and III carcinomas (anova test; P < 0.001).ConclusionThis is the first study of four morphological markers of CI in FNAC smears of breast cancer. This study establishes strong correlation of these markers with other criteria for cytological grading.
Concepts of functioning and health important to children with an obstetric brachial plexus injury: a qualitative study using focus groups
Authors: Sarac Cigdem , Bastiaansen Evelien , Van der Holst Menno , Malessy Martijn J A , Nelissen Rob G H H , Vliet Vlieland Thea P M 
Published: October 2013

AimsThe aims of this study were to explore and understand the perspectives of children with an obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI) regarding functioning and health, and to create an overview of problems and difficulties that patients encounter in daily life.MethodWe conducted a focus group study with 48 children (25 male, 23 female), aged 8 to 18 years, with an OBPI. Eleven open‐ended questions regarding problems or difficulties in daily life were asked in group sessions with 4 to 7 children within the same age range. These group sessions were tape‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. All problems and difficulties mentioned in each focus group were linked to corresponding categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health – Children & Youth Version (ICF‐CY).ResultsEight focus groups were conducted. A total of 143 unique ICF‐CY categories were identified. Of these categories, 61 (43%) were related to the ICF‐CY component ‘activities and participation’, 31 (22%) were related to ‘body functions’, 29 (20%) were related to ‘environmental factors’, and 22 (15%) were related to ‘body structures’.InterpretationThis study shows that children with OBPI experience difficulties in all areas of functioning, as well as in both environmental and personal factors.
Different subsets of newborn granule cells: a possible role in epileptogenesis?
Authors: Bielefeld Pascal , van Vliet Erwin A. , Gorter Jan A. , Lucassen Paul J. , Fitzsimons Carlos P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSeveral factors, including epileptic seizures, can strongly stimulate ongoing neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Although adult‐born granule cells generated after seizure activity have different physiological properties from their normal counterparts, they integrate into the existing, mature network of the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus. However, the exact role of the neurogenic response during epilepsy and its possible involvement in epileptogenesis have remained elusive. Here, we discuss recent studies shedding new light on the interplay between epilepsy and neurogenesis, and try to explain discrepancies in this literature by proposing seizure severity‐dependent induction of two subsets of newborn cells with different properties. We hypothesise that a low seizure intensity would stimulate neurogenesis to a ‘physiological plasticity’ level and have few pathological consequences. In contrast, a high initial seizure intensity may induce a specific subset of altered and/or ectopically located new granule cells with different electrophysiological properties that could initiate hyperexcitatory recurrent networks that could, in turn, contribute to chronic epilepsy. This hypothesis may clarify previously contradictory data in the literature, and could thereby aid in our understanding of the role of neurogenesis in epileptogenesis, and open up promising avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Simulating effects of changing climate andCO2emissions on soil carbon pools at the Hubbard Brook experimental forest
Authors: Dib Alain E. , Johnson Chris E. , Driscoll Charles T. , Fahey Timothy J. , Hayhoe Katharine 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCarbon (C) sequestration in forest biomass and soils may help decrease regional C footprints and mitigate future climate change. The efficacy of these practices must be verified by monitoring and by approved calculation methods (i.e., models) to be credible in C markets. Two widely used soil organic matter models –CENTURYand RothC – were used to project changes inSOCpools after clear‐cutting disturbance, as well as under a range of future climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) scenarios. Data from the temperate, predominantly deciduous Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) in New Hampshire, USA, were used to parameterize and validate the models. Clear‐cutting simulations demonstrated that both models can effectively simulate soil C dynamics in the northern hardwood forest when adequately parameterized. The minimum postharvestSOCpredicted by RothC occurred in postharvest year 14 and was within 1.5% of the observed minimum, which occurred in year 8.CENTURYpredicted the postharvest minimumSOCto occur in year 45, at a value 6.9% greater than the observed minimum; the slow response of both models to disturbance suggests that they may overestimate the time required to reach new steady‐state conditions. Four climate change scenarios were used to simulate future changes inSOCpools. Climate‐change simulations predicted increases inSOCby as much as 7% at the end of this century, partially offsetting futureCO2emissions. This sequestration was the product of enhanced forest productivity, and associated litter input to the soil, due to increased temperature, precipitation andCO2. The simulations also suggested that considerable losses ofSOC(8–30%) could occur if forest vegetation atHBEFdoes not respond to changes in climate andCO2levels. Therefore, the source/sink behavior of temperate forest soils likely depends on the degree to which forest growth is stimulated by new climate andCO2conditions.
Microhabitats reduce animal's exposure to climate extremes
Authors: Scheffers Brett R. , Edwards David P. , Diesmos Arvin , Williams Stephen E. , Evans Theodore A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractExtreme weather events, such as unusually hot or dry conditions, can cause death by exceeding physiological limits, and so cause loss of population. Survival will depend on whether or not susceptible organisms can find refuges that buffer extreme conditions. Microhabitats offer different microclimates to those found within the wider ecosystem, but do these microhabitats effectively buffer extreme climate events relative to the physiological requirements of the animals that frequent them? We collected temperature data from four common microhabitats (soil, tree holes, epiphytes, and vegetation) located from the ground to canopy in primary rainforests in the Philippines. Ambient temperatures were monitored from outside of each microhabitat and from the upper forest canopy, which represent our macrohabitat controls. We measured the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of frog and lizard species, which are thermally sensitive and inhabit our microhabitats. Microhabitats reduced mean temperature by 1–2 °C and reduced the duration of extreme temperature exposure by 14–31 times. Microhabitat temperatures were below the CTmax of inhabitant frogs and lizards, whereas macrohabitats consistently contained lethal temperatures. Microhabitat temperatures increased by 0.11–0.66 °C for every 1 °C increase in macrohabitat temperature, and this nonuniformity in temperature change influenced our forecasts of vulnerability for animal communities under climate change. Assuming uniform increases of 6 °C, microhabitats decreased the vulnerability of communities by up to 32‐fold, whereas under nonuniform increases of 0.66 to 3.96 °C, microhabitats decreased the vulnerability of communities by up to 108‐fold. Microhabitats have extraordinary potential to buffer climate and likely reduce mortality during extreme climate events. These results suggest that predicted changes in distribution due to mortality and habitat shifts that are derived from macroclimatic samples and that assume uniform changes in microclimates relative to macroclimates may be overly pessimistic. Nevertheless, even nonuniform temperature increases within buffered microhabitats would still threaten frogs and lizards.
Can mandibular bone resorption predict hip fracture in elderly women? A systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Devlin Hugh , Whelton Christopher 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the mandibular cortical width measurements and porosity in detecting hip osteoporosis.BackgroundAll of the included studies used measurements on panoramic radiographs.Materials and methodsStudies were included if they compared the radiographic measurements (or index tests) with central dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip as the reference standard. A measure of diagnostic accuracy such as sensitivity and specificity or area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was also required for inclusion.ResultsSeven studies were identified. Meta‐analysis was not possible because of the heterogeneity of the studies. The studies all demonstrated moderate diagnostic accuracy.ConclusionIf a patient with a thin or porous mandibular cortex is identified by a chance radiographic finding, additional clinical risk factors need to be considered and the patient referred for further investigation with DXA where necessary.
Application of D‐optimal experimental design method to optimize the formulation of O/W cosmetic emulsions
Authors: Djuris J. , Vasiljevic D. , Jokic S. , Ibric S. 
Published: October 2013

SynopsisObjectiveThis study investigates the application of D‐optimal mixture experimental design in optimization of O/W cosmetic emulsions. Cetearyl glucoside was used as a natural, biodegradable non‐ionic emulsifier in the relatively low concentration (1%), and the mixture of co‐emulsifiers (stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and glyceryl stearate) was used to stabilize the formulations.MethodsTo determine the optimal composition of co‐emulsifiers mixture, D‐optimal mixture experimental design was used. Prepared emulsions were characterized with rheological measurements, centrifugation test, specific conductivity and pH value measurements.ResultsAll prepared samples appeared as white and homogenous creams, except for one homogenous and viscous lotion co‐stabilized by stearic acid alone. Centrifugation testing revealed some phase separation only in the case of sample co‐stabilized using glyceryl stearate alone. The obtained pH values indicated that all samples expressed mild acid value acceptable for cosmetic preparations. Specific conductivity values are attributed to the multiple phases O/W emulsions with high percentages of fixed water. Results of the rheological measurements have shown that the investigated samples exhibited non‐Newtonian thixotropic behaviour. To determine the influence of each of the co‐emulsifiers on emulsions properties, the obtained results were evaluated by the means of statistical analysis (ANOVA test). On the basis of comparison of statistical parameters for each of the studied responses, mixture reduced quadratic model was selected over the linear model implying that interactions between co‐emulsifiers play the significant role in overall influence of co‐emulsifiers on emulsions properties.ConclusionGlyceryl stearate was found to be the dominant co‐emulsifier affecting emulsions properties. Interactions between the glyceryl stearate and other co‐emulsifiers were also found to significantly influence emulsions properties. These findings are especially important as they can be used for development of the product that meets users' requirements, as represented in the study.