bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Methods for the Benefit of Public Health Using Space Technologies for Disaster Response
Authors: Dinas Petros C. , Mueller Christian , Clark Nathan , Elgin Tim , Nasseri S. Ali , Yaffe Etai , Madry Scott , Clark Jonathan B. , Asrar Farhan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSpace applications have evolved to play a significant role in disaster relief by providing services including remote sensing imagery for mitigation and disaster damage assessments; satellite communication to provide access to medical services; positioning, navigation, and timing services; and data sharing. Common issues identified in past disaster response and relief efforts include lack of communication, delayed ordering of actions (eg, evacuations), and low levels of preparedness by authorities during and after disasters. We briefly summarize the Space for Health (S4H) Team Project, which was prepared during the Space Studies Program 2014 within the International Space University. The S4H Project aimed to improve the way space assets and experiences are used in support of public health during disaster relief efforts. We recommend an integrated solution based on nano-satellites or a balloon communication system, mobile self-contained relief units, portable medical scanning devices, and micro-unmanned vehicles that could revolutionize disaster relief and disrupt different markets. The recommended new system of coordination and communication using space assets to support public health during disaster relief efforts is feasible. Nevertheless, further actions should be taken by governments and organizations in collaboration with the private sector to design, test, and implement this system. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:319-328)
Design of Dual Circularly Polarised 2–15 GHz Feed and the Polarisation Degree Measurement for CSRH-II Antenna System
Authors: Li Sha , Yan Yi Hua , Chen Zhi Jun , Wang Wei , Zhang Fu Shun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph is an aperture-synthesis telescope observing the Sun in ultra wide bandwidth on the ground. It contains two arrays Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph-I and Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph-II from 0.4 to 15 GHz. In order to obtain ultra wide-band performance, the cascaded folded dipoles are used in this feed. At the same time, in order to get circularly polarised signals coming from the Sun, a wide-band 90° hybrid is added in the output ports of the feed. This feed has characteristics of about 10 dBi gain, less than 1.5 voltage standing wave ratio. It also has characteristics with low axial ratio, fixed phase centre location, and constant beam width in operating frequencies. Through cross-correlating all combinations of two orthogonal polarisations at each antenna, the polarisation state of the waves is measured and give a differential instrumental delay between two data channels. The relationship between the own polarisation degree of the Sun and the observed polarisation degree is also measured for cross-polarised delay in observing the Sun in this paper.
The dietary inflammatory index is associated with colorectal cancer in the National Institutes of Health–American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study
Authors: Wirth Michael D. , Shivappa Nitin , Steck Susan E. , Hurley Thomas G. , Hébert James R. 
Published: April 2015

Diet is a strong moderator of systemic inflammation, an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). The dietary inflammatory index (DII) measures the inflammatory potential of individuals' diets. The association between the DII and incident CRC was examined, using the National Institutes of Health–American Associations of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study individuals (n 489 422) aged 50–74 years at recruitment, starting between 1995–6, and followed for a mean of 9·1 (sd 2·9) years. Baseline data from a FFQ were used to calculate the DII; higher scores are more pro-inflammatory, and lower scores are more anti-inflammatory. First, primary CRC diagnoses were identified through linkage to state cancer registries. Anatomic location and disease severity also were examined. Cox proportional hazards models estimated CRC hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI using quartile 1 as the referent. DII quartile 4 compared to quartile 1 was associated with CRC risk among all subjects (HR 1·40, 95 % CI 1·28, 1·53; P for trend < 0·01). Statistically significant associations also were observed for each anatomic site examined, for moderate and poorly differentiated tumours, and at each cancer stage among all subjects. Effects were similar when stratified by sex; however, results were statistically significant only in males. The only result reaching statistical significance in females was risk of moderately differentiated CRC tumours (DII quartile 4 v. quartile 1 HR 1·26, 95 % CI 1·03, 1·56). Overall, the DII was associated with CRC risk among all subjects. The DII may serve as a novel way to evaluate dietary risk for chronic disorders associated with inflammation, such as CRC.
Infection levels of the cestodeHymenolepis diminutain rat populations from Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Hancke D. , Suárez O.V. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEcological studies on zoonotic parasites are crucial for the design and implementation of effective measures to prevent parasite transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors such as season, landscape unit, rat sex and rat body length, affecting the abundance of the cestodeHymenolepis diminuta, a parasite of synanthropic rats, within an urban environment. A parasitological survey was undertaken on 169 rats from landscape units such as shantytowns, parklands, industrial–residential areas and scrap-metal yards in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The overall prevalence ofH. diminutawas 21.3%, although the occurrence of this species in rats was not homogeneous. The abundance ofH. diminuta, using a zero-inflated negative binomial model, was correlated with rat body length. In shantytowns, abundance levels were higher than other landscape units, largely due to differences in individual environmental characteristics and rat assemblages. The populations of arthropod intermediate hosts could be subjected to seasonal fluctuations and the degree of urbanization. Shantytowns are overcrowded urban marginal settlements with most inhabitants living in precarious conditions and supporting large populations of rats, thereby increasing the risk of zoonotic infection.
DOUBLE-VOICED: MUSIC, GENDER, AND NATURE IN PERFORMANCE
Authors: Monod David 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDouble-voiced singing was a popular form of variety show entertainment from the 1860s through to the 1920s. Double-voiced performers were able, through intonation and tone, to sound as though they had at least two separate and distinct “voices,” generally one soprano and one baritone. But as Claire Rochester, a double-voiced singer of the early twentieth century made clear, their act was more than just a matter of a woman singing low notes or a man singing high ones; it was all about a performer adopting the “voice” of the other sex. The unusual practice of these singers was to sing duets (and sometimes as much as quartets) to themselves and by themselves, flipping back and forth between their male to female “voices.” I place this strange form of entertainment in the context of changing attitudes to gender and sexuality and suggests that conventional interpretations of “freak” performances as “transgressive” fail to account for these vocal wonders. Double-voiced singers shunned the “transgressive” billing, especially when their own sexual identity was called into question. In making this argument, I suggest that we need to widen our understanding of “freakery,” imposture and the meaning of “nature” and “truth,” as they were revealed both on stage and off.
THE MINI-BEAST—GEORGE H. BUTLER (1838–1886)
Authors: Block Mary R. , Dunn John P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGeorge H. Butler was a Gilded Age writer, diplomat, and soldier, who was also a poster boy for what Richard Stott identifies as the “jolly fellow.” Butler parlayed a witty writing style to enter journalism, and with the help of his influencial uncle, Benjamin Butler, he obtained a diplomatic posting as consul general to Egypt. Overly fond of alcohol, George Butler participated in several newsworthy fights, often involving deadly force. His life serves as an archetype for out-of-control manliness, which was contrary to gender expectations of polite society in 1870s America.
Probing long-range carrier-pair spin–spin interactions in a conjugated polymer by detuning of electrically detected spin beating
Authors: van Schooten Kipp J. , Baird Douglas L. , Limes Mark E. , Lupton John M. , Boehme Christoph 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWeakly coupled electron spin pairs that experience weak spin–orbit interaction can control electronic transitions in molecular and solid-state systems. Known to determine radical pair reactions, they have been invoked to explain phenomena ranging from avian magnetoreception to spin-dependent charge-carrier recombination and transport. Spin pairs exhibit persistent spin coherence, allowing minute magnetic fields to perturb spin precession and thus recombination rates and photoreaction yields, giving rise to a range of magneto-optoelectronic effects in devices. Little is known, however, about interparticle magnetic interactions within such pairs. Here we present pulsed electrically detected electron spin resonance experiments on poly(styrene-sulfonate)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS) devices, which show how interparticle spin–spin interactions (magnetic-dipolar and spin-exchange) between charge-carrier spin pairs can be probed through the detuning of spin-Rabi oscillations. The deviation from uncoupled precession frequencies quantifies both the exchange (<30 neV) and dipolar (23.5±1.5 neV) interaction energies responsible for the pair’s zero-field splitting, implying quantum mechanical entanglement of charge-carrier spins over distances of 2.1±0.1 nm.
Temperature-triggered chemical switching growth of in-plane and vertically stacked graphene-boron nitride heterostructures
Authors: Gao Teng , Song Xiuju , Du Huiwen , Nie Yufeng , Chen Yubin , Ji Qingqing , Sun Jingyu , Yang Yanlian , Zhang Yanfeng , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn-plane and vertically stacked heterostructures of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN-G and G/h-BN, respectively) are both recent focuses of graphene research. However, targeted synthesis of either heterostructure remains a challenge. Here, via chemical vapour deposition and using benzoic acid precursor, we have achieved the selective growth of h-BN-G and G/h-BN through a temperature-triggered switching reaction. The perfect in-plane h-BN-G is characterized by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), showing atomically patched graphene and h-BN with typical zigzag edges. In contrast, the vertical alignment of G/h-BN is confirmed by unique lattice-mismatch-induced moiré patterns in high-resolution STM images, and two sets of aligned selected area electron diffraction spots, both suggesting a van der Waals epitaxial mechanism. The present work demonstrates the chemical designability of growth process for controlled synthesis of graphene and h-BN heterostructures. With practical scalability, high uniformity and quality, our approach will promote the development of graphene-based electronics and optoelectronics.
Novel insights into the behavioral analysis of mice subjected to the forced-swim test
Authors: Chen L , Faas G C , Ferando I , Mody I 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe forced-swim test (FST) is one of the most widely used rodent behavioral assays, in which the immobility of animals is used to assess the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs. However, the existing, and mostly arbitrary, criteria used for quantification could lead to biased results. Here we believe we uncovered new confounding factors, revealed new indices to interpret the behavior of mice and propose an unbiased means for quantification of the FST.
Caffeine increases striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability in the human brain
Authors: Volkow N D , Wang G-J , Logan J , Alexoff D , Fowler J S , Thanos P K , Wong C , Casado V , Ferre S , Tomasi D 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCaffeine, the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world, is used to promote wakefulness and enhance alertness. Like other wake-promoting drugs (stimulants and modafinil), caffeine enhances dopamine (DA) signaling in the brain, which it does predominantly by antagonizing adenosine A2Areceptors (A2AR). However, it is unclear if caffeine, at the doses consumed by humans, increases DA release or whether it modulates the functions of postsynaptic DA receptors through its interaction with adenosine receptors, which modulate them. We used positron emission tomography and [11C]raclopride (DA D2/D3receptor radioligand sensitive to endogenous DA) to assess if caffeine increased DA release in striatum in 20 healthy controls. Caffeine (300 mg p.o.) significantly increased the availability of D2/D3receptors in putamen and ventral striatum, but not in caudate, when compared with placebo. In addition, caffeine-induced increases in D2/D3receptor availability in the ventral striatum were associated with caffeine-induced increases in alertness. Our findings indicate that in the human brain, caffeine, at doses typically consumed, increases the availability of DA D2/D3receptors, which indicates that caffeine does not increase DA in the striatum for this would have decreased D2/D3receptor availability. Instead, we interpret our findings to reflect an increase in D2/D3receptor levels in striatum with caffeine (or changes in affinity). The association between increases in D2/D3receptor availability in ventral striatum and alertness suggests that caffeine might enhance arousal, in part, by upregulating D2/D3receptors.
Understanding metal homeostasis in primary cultured neurons. Studies using single neuron subcellular and quantitative metallomics
Authors: Colvin Robert A , Lai Barry , Holmes William R , Lee Daewoo 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate how single cell quantitative and subcellular metallomics inform us about both the spatial distribution and cellular mechanisms of metal buffering and homeostasis in primary cultured neurons from embryonic rat brain, which are often used as models of human disease involving metal dyshomeostasis. The present studies utilized synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) and focused primarily on zinc and iron, two abundant metals in neurons that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Total single cell contents for calcium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and nickel were determined. Resting steady state zinc showed a diffuse distribution in both soma and processes, best defined by the mass profile of the neuron with an enrichment in the nucleus compared with the cytoplasm. Zinc buffering and homeostasis was studied using two modes of cellular zinc loading – transporter and ionophore (pyrithione) mediated. Single neuron zinc contents were shown to statistically significantly increase by either loading method – ionophore: 160 million to 7 billion; transporter 160 million to 280 million atoms per neuronal soma. The newly acquired and buffered zinc still showed a diffuse distribution. Soma and processes have about equal abilities to take up zinc via transporter mediated pathways. Copper levels are distributed diffusely as well, but are relatively higher in the processes relative to zinc levels. Prior studies have observed iron puncta in certain cell types, but others have not. In the present study, iron puncta were characterized in several primary neuronal types. The results show that iron puncta could be found in all neuronal types studied and can account for up to 50% of the total steady state content of iron in neuronal soma. Although other metals can be present in iron puncta, they are predominantly iron containing and do not appear to be associated with ferritin cages or transferrin receptor endosomes. The iron content and its distribution in puncta were similar in all neuron types studied including primary dopaminergic neurons. In summary, quantitative measurements of steady state metal levels in single primary cultured neurons made possible by SRXRF analyses provide unique information on the relative levels of each metal in neuronal soma and processes, subcellular location of zinc loads, and have confirmed and extended the characterization of heretofore poorly understood cytoplasmic iron puncta.
IL-35 inhibits HBV antigen-specific IFN-γ-producing CTLsin vitro
Authors: Li Xuefen , Tian Li , Dong Yuejiao , Zhu Qiaoyun , Wang Yiyin , Han Wenzheng , Liu Xia , Ni Qin , Chen Yu , Li Lanjuan 
Published: April 2015

Interleukin (IL)-35 is an inhibitory cytokine consisting of IL-12A and Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (Ebi3) and is required by regulatory T-cells (Tregs) for maximal activity. During chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, Tregs have immunosuppressive effects on HBV-specific T helper (Th) cells, yet little is known about the complex regulation of Tregs and their contribution to the inadequate immune system response to the virus. In the present study, we investigated whether IL-35 is involved in HBV-related cellular immune responses. Cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T-cells from peripheral blood were derived from healthy volunteers, resolved HBV individuals and chronic active hepatitis B patients and stimulated with CD3/28-conjugated beads. We analysed mRNA and protein levels of IL-35 and assessed the inhibitory effect of IL-35 on HBV core antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), dendritic cells (DCs) and effector T-cells (Teffs). Correlation analyses between liver inflammation and HBV DNA load were conducted. Results show that chronic HBV patients harbour significantly higher levels of Ebi3 mRNA and protein in CD4+ T-cells compared with healthy volunteers and resolved HBV individuals. IL-35 suppressed the proliferation of HBV antigen-specific CTLs and interferon (IFN)-γ production in vitro. Ex vivo, IL-35 decreased the proliferation of CD4+CD45RA+ naïve T-cells, especially in CD4+CD25−CD45RA+ naïve Teffs. IL-35 inhibited the expansion of CD11c+ DCs. Our data indicate that IL-35 is highly expressed in chronic HBV CD4+ T-cells and plays an important role in the inhibition of the cellular immune response in chronic HBV.
Self-aligned deterministic coupling of single quantum emitter to nanofocused plasmonic modes
Authors: Gong Su-Hyun , Kim Je-Hyung , Ko Young-Ho , Rodriguez Christophe , Shin Jonghwa , Lee Yong-Hee , Dang Le Si , Zhang Xiang , Cho Yong-Hoon 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Control and optimization of interaction between light and single quantum emitters are a crucial issue for cavity quantum electrodynamics studies and quantum information science. Although considerable efforts have been made, reliable and reproducible coupling between quantum emitter and cavity mode still remains a grand challenge due to the uncertainty of the size, i.e., the emission wavelength, and position of the quantum emitter. Here, we demonstrate an unprecedented approach of the self-aligned deterministic coupling of single quantum dots (QDs) to nanofocused plasmonic modes on an entire wafer. Spatial precision is better than any nanopositioning techniques, and almost all processed QDs exhibit outstanding spontaneous emission rate enhancement. This reliable approach eliminates a major obstacle in the implementation of practical solid-state quantum emitters.
Endogenous circadian system and circadian misalignment impact glucose tolerance via separate mechanisms in humans
Authors: Morris Christopher J. , Yang Jessica N. , Garcia Joanna I. , Myers Samantha , Bozzi Isadora , Wang Wei , Buxton Orfeu M. , Shea Steven A. , Scheer Frank A. J. L. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
It is established that glucose tolerance decreases from the morning to the evening, and that shift work is a risk factor for diabetes. However, the relative importance of the endogenous circadian system, the behavioral cycle (including the sleep/wake and fasting/feeding cycles), and circadian misalignment on glucose tolerance is unclear. We show that the magnitude of the effect of the endogenous circadian system on glucose tolerance and on pancreatic β-cell function was much larger than that of the behavioral cycle in causing the decrease in glucose tolerance from morning to evening. Also, independent from circadian phase and the behavioral cycle, circadian misalignment resulting from simulated night work lowered glucose tolerance—without diminishing effects upon repeated exposure—with direct relevance for shift workers.
Interfacial self-assembly of a bacterial hydrophobin
Authors: Bromley Keith M. , Morris Ryan J. , Hobley Laura , Brandani Giovanni , Gillespie Rachel M. C. , McCluskey Matthew , Zachariae Ulrich , Marenduzzo Davide , Stanley-Wall Nicola R. , MacPhee Cait. E. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
In the natural environment the majority of bacteria live within the confines of a structured social community called a biofilm. The stability of biofilms arises from the extracellular matrix, which consists of proteins, polysaccharides, and extracellular DNA. One of these proteins, BslA, forms a hydrophobic “raincoat” at the surface of the biofilm. We have uncovered the mechanism that enables this protein to function, revealing a structural metamorphosis from a form that is stable in water to a structure that prefers the interface where it self-assembles with nanometer precision to form a robust film. Our findings have wide-ranging implications, from the disruption of harmful bacterial biofilms to the generation of nanoscale materials.
HCN channels enhance spike phase coherence and regulate the phase of spikes and LFPs in the theta-frequency range
Authors: Sinha Manisha , Narayanan Rishikesh 
Published: April 2015

Significance
The impact of the pacemaking hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels on local field potentials (LFP) has not been analyzed. Here, employing a neuropil of several morphologically precise hippocampal neuronal models that received systematically randomized rhythmic synaptic inputs, we demonstrate that HCN channels alter the phase, but not the amplitude, of LFPs. Further, it is known that the spike timings of individual neurons follow the beat of the LFPs and fire at precise phases of the LFP beat. We demonstrate that the presence of HCN channels alters this phase and enhances the precision to which the spikes follow the LFP beat. These results unveil several important roles for HCN channels, extending their regulatory potential beyond single-neuron physiology.
High-throughput patterning of photonic structures with tunable periodicity
Authors: Kempa Thomas J. , Bediako D. Kwabena , Kim Sun-Kyung , Park Hong-Gyu , Nocera Daniel G. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Patterning large substrate areas with arrays of submicrometer structures in a facile, reliable, and timely manner is important for fabrication of optical elements that capture, guide, and convert light. RIPPLE (reactive interface patterning promoted by lithographic electrochemistry) is an electrochemical patterning method that is demonstrated for the rapid fabrication of periodic arrays of metallic circular Bragg gratings over large substrate areas. The grating period can be tuned in situ over micrometer and submicrometer length scales in a high-throughput fashion. We have identified point-like and annular scattering modes at different planes above the structured surface, suggesting the potential to use such structures to control the propagation of light. The described methods may be useful for high-throughput fabrication of sensors and light-management elements for energy conversion applications.