bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical cancer screening with HPV testing in the Valcamonica (Italy) screening programme
Authors: Pasquale L , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Carozzi F , Pedretti C , Ruggeri C , Scalvinoni V , Cotti Cottini M , Tosini A , Morana C , Chiaramonte M , Sacristani MF , Cirelli R , Chiudinelli D , Piccolomini M , Marchione R , Romano L , Domenighini S , Pieracci G , Confortini M 
Published: November 2014

Objective We present the results of the first screening round and the first year of the second round of the Valcamonica Human Papillomavirus (HPV) pilot screening project. Setting From 2010 to 2012, the entire target female population (aged 25–64) was invited to the first HPV screening round in an area where Pap test screening had been active since 2002. Methods For HPV-negative women, the interval was three years. For HPV-positive women, a cytological smear was stained and interpreted. Positive cytologies were referred to colposcopy; negatives were referred to repeat HPV after one year. If HPV was persistently positive, women were referred to colposcopy; if negative, to normal screening. Results In 2010–12 18728 women were screened, slightly higher participation than with Pap test (18233 64.7%); 1633 were HPV-positive (8.7%); 843 were positive at cytology triage (referral rate at baseline 4.5%). Of those referred at the one year HPV test, 84% complied (660/780); 356 were persistently positive (1.9%). The total referral rate was 6.4% compared with 3.7% for the Pap test. The detection rate was 9.2/1000 compared with 5.0% for the Pap test. The HPV positivity rate during the second round in women previously negative was 3.9% and the detection rate in HPV-positive cytology-positive women was 0.8/1000. Conclusions HPV-based screening increases colposcopies at the first round, but also strongly increases the detection rate. At the second round, HPV prevalence was much lower and the detection rate also fell, corroborating the need for longer screening intervals in HPV-negative women.
Interaction between asthma and smoking increases the risk of adult airway obstruction
Authors: Aanerud Marianne , Carsin Anne-Elie , Sunyer Jordi , Dratva Julia , Gislason Thorarinn , Jarvis Deborah , deMarco Roberto , Raherison Chantal , Wjst Matthias , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Svanes Cecilie 
Published: November 2014

The aim of the present study was to analyse the interaction between asthma and smoking in the risk of adult airway obstruction, accounting for atopy.In the European Community Respiratory Health Survey, 15 668 persons aged 20–56 years underwent spirometry in 1991–1993 and 9 years later (n=8916). Risk of airway obstruction and lung function decline associated with smoking and early-onset (<10 years of age) and late-onset (>10 years of age) asthma were analysed with generalised estimating equation models and random-effect linear models, adjusting for covariates. Interaction of asthma with smoking was expressed as relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI).A 20-fold increase in adult airway obstruction was found among those with early-onset asthma independently of smoking status (never-smokers: OR 21.0, 95% CI 12.7–35; current smokers: OR 23.7, 95% CI 13.9–40.6). Late-onset asthma was associated with airway obstruction, with a stronger association among current smokers (OR 25.6, 95% CI 15.6–41.9) than among never-smokers (OR 11.2, 95% CI 6.8–18.6) (RERI 12.02, 95% CI 1.96–22.07). Stratifying by atopy, the association between smoking and asthma was most pronounced among nonatopics.Early- and late-onset asthma were associated with 10–20-fold increased risk of adult airway obstruction. Smoking increased the risk of adult airway obstruction in subjects with asthma onset after age 10 years. Investigation of measures potentially preventive of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development following asthma is urgently needed.
On common α-fuzzy fixed points with applications
Authors: Latif Abdul , Roldán-López-de-Hierro Antonio-Francisco , Sintunaravat Wutiphol 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a notion of α-continuity of fuzzy mappings and some generalized contractive conditions for α-level sets. Then we prove some theorems on the existence of common α-fuzzy fixed points for a pair of fuzzy mappings. Consequently, we obtain some results on metric spaces endowed with binary relations, and graphs. Further, using α-fuzzy fixed point techniques we obtain common fixed point results for multi-valued mappings on metric spaces.
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate to p38 Signaling via S1P1 Receptor and Gαi/o Evokes Augmentation of Capsaicin-Induced Ionic Currents in Mouse Sensory Neurons
Authors: Langeslag Michiel , Quarta Serena , Leitner Michael G , Kress Michaela , Mair Norbert 
Published: November 2014

The perception of painful thermal stimuli by sensory neurons is largely mediated by TRPV1. Upon tissue injury or inflammation, S1P is secreted by thrombocytes as part of an inflammatory cocktail, which sensitizes nociceptive neurons towards thermal stimuli. S1P acts on G-protein coupled receptors that are expressed in sensory neurons and sensitize TRPV1 channels towards thermal stimuli. In this study, the S1P mediated signaling pathway required for sensitization of TRPV1 channels was explored. The capsaicin induced peak inward current (Icaps) of sensory neurons was significantly increased after S1P stimulation within minutes after application. The potentiation of ICAPS resulted from activation of Gαi through G-protein coupled receptors for S1P. Consequently, Gαi led to a signaling cascade, involving phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C, which augmented ICAPS in nociceptive neurons. The S1P1 receptor agonist SEW2871 resulted in activation of the same signaling pathway and potentiation of ICAPS. Furthermore, the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 was phosphorylated after S1P stimulation and inhibition of p38 signaling by SB203580 prevented the S1P-induced ICAPS potentiation. The current data suggest that S1P sensitized ICAPS through G-protein coupled S1P1 receptor activation of Gαi-PI3K-PKC-p38 signaling pathway in sensory neurons.
Evaluation of proliferation and apoptosis markers in circulating tumor cells of women with early breast cancer who are candidates for tumor dormancy
Authors: Spiliotaki Maria , Mavroudis Dimitris , Kapranou Kyriaki , Markomanolaki Harris , Kallergi Galatea , Koinis Filippos , Kalbakis Kostas , Georgoulias Vassilis , Agelaki Sofia 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Clinical dormancy is frequently observed in breast cancer. In the present study, we aimed to characterize circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in dormancy candidates (DC) with early breast cancer in terms of proliferation and apoptosis.

Methods
Cytospins of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from DC (n = 122) who were disease-free for at least 5 years and from metastatic patients (n = 40) who relapsed more than 5 years after surgery. Sequential samples from eight DC (n = 36) who maintained a prolonged disease-free status and from eight DC (n = 27) presenting late relapse during follow-up, were also analyzed. PBMCs were triple stained with a pancytokeratin, antibody along with anti-Ki67 and anti-M30 antibodies as proliferation and apoptosis markers, respectively.

Results
CTCs were identified in 40 (33%) of 122 DC and in 15 (37.5%) of 40 metastatic patients. In total, twenty-five (62.5%) DC had exclusively dormant (Ki67(-)/M30(-)), seven (17.5%) had proliferative Ki67(+)/M30(-), four (10%) had apoptotic Ki67(-)/M30(+) and four (10%) had both phenotypes of proliferative and apoptotic CTCs. In comparison, 53.4% of CTC-positive metastatic patients had exclusively dormant and 46.6% had proliferative CTCs; none had apoptotic CTCs (P = 0.039). Among all CTCs detected in DC patients, 82.4% were dormant, whereas in the nondormant population, 32.5% were proliferative and 67.5% apoptotic. The respective percentages in metastatic patients were 59.1%, 100% and 0% (P <0.0001). Moreover, apoptotic CTCs prevailed among nondormant CTCs detected in sequential samples from DC who remained in a prolonged disease-free status compared to those presenting late relapse during follow-up (70.6% versus 43.5% (P = 0.0002)).

Conclusions
The apoptotic index of CTCs is increased during clinical dormancy, whereas the proliferation index is increased on relapse. In addition, apoptotic CTCs are more frequently encountered during follow-up in DC patients who remain disease-free compared to those with subsequent late relapse, suggesting that monitoring proliferation and apoptosis in CTCs during clinical dormancy merits further investigation as a tool for predicting late disease recurrence.
Tumor-infiltrating immune cell profiles and their change after neoadjuvant chemotherapy predict response and prognosis of breast cancer
Authors: García-Martínez Elena , Gil Ginés Luengo , Benito Asunción Chaves , González-Billalabeitia Enrique , Conesa María Angeles Vicente , García Teresa García , García-Garre Elisa , Vicente Vicente , de la Peña Francisco Ayala 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Tumor microenvironment immunity is associated with breast cancer outcome. A high lymphocytic infiltration has been associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but the contribution to response and prognosis of immune cell subpopulations profiles in both pre-treated and post-treatment residual tumor is still unclear.

Methods
We analyzed pre- and post-treatment tumor-infiltrating immune cells (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, Foxp3) by immunohistochemistry in a series of 121 breast cancer patients homogeneously treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Immune cell profiles were analyzed and correlated with response and survival.

Results
We identified three tumor-infiltrating immune cell profiles, which were able to predict pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cluster B: 58%, versus clusters A and C: 7%). A higher infiltration by CD4 lymphocytes was the main factor explaining the occurrence of pCR, and this association was validated in six public genomic datasets. A higher chemotherapy effect on lymphocytic infiltration, including an inversion of CD4/CD8 ratio, was associated with pCR and with better prognosis. Analysis of the immune infiltrate in post-chemotherapy residual tumor identified a profile (cluster Y), mainly characterized by high CD3 and CD68 infiltration, with a worse disease free survival.

Conclusions
Breast cancer immune cell subpopulation profiles, determined by immunohistochemistry-based computerized analysis, identify groups of patients characterized by high response (in the pre-treatment setting) and poor prognosis (in the post-treatment setting). Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the distribution of immune cells and their changes after chemotherapy may contribute to the development of new immune-targeted therapies for breast cancer.
Plasmodium falciparumgene expression measured directly from tissue during human infection
Authors: Van Tyne Daria , Tan Yan , Daily Johanna P , Kamiza Steve , Seydel Karl , Taylor Terrie , Mesirov Jill P , Wirth Dyann F , Milner Danny A 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background
During the latter half of the natural 48-h intraerythrocytic life cycle of human Plasmodium falciparum infection, parasites sequester deep in endothelium of tissues, away from the spleen and inaccessible to peripheral blood. These late-stage parasites may cause tissue damage and likely contribute to clinical disease, and a more complete understanding of their biology is needed. Because these life cycle stages are not easily sampled due to deep tissue sequestration, measuring in vivo gene expression of parasites in the trophozoite and schizont stages has been a challenge.

Methods
We developed a custom nCounter® gene expression platform and used this platform to measure malaria parasite gene expression profiles in vitro and in vivo. We also used imputation to generate global transcriptional profiles and assessed differential gene expression between parasites growing in vitro and those recovered from malaria-infected patient tissues collected at autopsy.

Results
We demonstrate, for the first time, global transcriptional expression profiles from in vivo malaria parasites sequestered in human tissues. We found that parasite physiology can be correlated with in vitro data from an existing life cycle data set, and that parasites in sequestered tissues show an expected schizont-like transcriptional profile, which is conserved across tissues from the same patient. Imputation based on 60 landmark genes generated global transcriptional profiles that were highly correlated with genome-wide expression patterns from the same samples measured by microarray. Finally, differential expression revealed a limited set of in vivo upregulated transcripts, which may indicate unique parasite genes involved in human clinical infections.

Conclusions
Our study highlights the utility of a custom nCounter® P. falciparum probe set, validation of imputation within Plasmodium species, and documentation of in vivo schizont-stage expression patterns from human tissues.
Quantitative neuropathological assessment to investigate cerebral multi-morbidity
Authors: Attems Johannes , Neltner Janna H , Nelson Peter T 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe aging brain is characterized by the simultaneous presence of multiple pathologies, and the prevalence of cerebral multi-morbidity increases with age. To understand the impact of each subtype of pathology and the combined effects of cerebral multi-morbidity on clinical signs and symptoms, large clinico-pathological correlative studies have been performed. However, such studies are often based on semi-quantitative assessment of neuropathological hallmark lesions. Here, we discuss some of the new methods for high-throughput quantitative neuropathological assessment. These methods combine increased quantitative rigor with the added technical capacity of computers and networked analyses. There are abundant new opportunities - with specific techniques that include slide scanners, automated microscopes, and tissue microarrays - and also potential pitfalls. We conclude that quantitative and digital neuropathologic approaches will be key resources to further elucidate cerebral multi-morbidity in the aged brain and also hold the potential for changing routine neuropathologic diagnoses.
Alteration in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) after treatment of mice with herbal mixture containing Euphoria longana, Houttuynia cordata and Dioscorea japonica
Authors: Jeon Songhee , Lee Chia-Hung , Liu Quan Feng , Kim Geun Woo , Koo Byung-Soo , Pak Sok Cheon 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
Literature data indicate that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and phospho-CREB (pCREB) may have a place in depression. BDNF belongs to the neurotrophin family that plays an important role in proliferation, survival and differentiation of different cell populations in the mammalian nervous system. The herbal mixture used in the present study consists of Euphoria longana, Houttuynia cordata and Dioscorea japonica. The purpose of the present study was to determine the neuroprotective effect of herbal mixture. We also tested the hypothesis that administration of herbs reverses memory deficits and promotes the protein expression of BDNF in the mouse brain.

Methods
Mice were randomized into four different treatment groups (n = 10/group). Normal and stress groups received regular lab chow without stress and under stress conditions, respectively, for 3 weeks. The animals in the stress group were immobilized for 4 hours a day for 2 weeks. Different doses of herbal mixture (206 and 618 mg/kg) were administered for 3 weeks to those mice under stress conditions. Mice were analyzed by behavioral tests and immunoblotting examination in the hippocampus and cortex. An additional in vitro investigation was performed to examine whether herbs induce neurotoxicity in a human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y cells.

Results
No significant toxicity of herbs on human neuroblastoma cells was observed. These herbs demonstrated an inductive effect on the expression of BDNF, pCREB and pAkt. For spatial working memory test, herbal mixture fed mice exhibited an increased level of spontaneous alternation (p < 0.01) compared to those in stress conditions. Moreover, herbal mixture produced highly significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the immobility time in the tail suspension test. Mice in the herbal mixture groups demonstrated lower serum corticosterone concentration than mice in the stress group (p < 0.05). Effects of the oral administration of herbal mixture on protein levels of BDNF in the hippocampi and cortices were significant.

Conclusions
Our study showed that herbal mixture administration has antidepressant effects in mice. It is proposed that adverse events such as stress and depression can modulate the expression of molecular players of cellular plasticity in the brain.
Gross morphological brain changes with chronic, heavy cannabis
use
Authors: Lorenzetti Valentina , Solowij Nadia , Whittle Sarah , Fornito Alex , Lubman Dan I. , Pantelis Christos , Yücel Murat 
Published: November 2014

SummaryWe investigated the morphology of multiple brain regions in a rare sample of
15 very heavy cannabis users with minimal psychiatric comorbidity or
significant exposure to other substances (compared with 15 age- and
IQ-matched non-cannabis-using controls) using manual techniques. Heavy
cannabis users demonstrated smaller hippocampus and amygdala volumes, but no
alterations of the orbitofrontal and anterior- and paracingulate cortices,
or the pituitary gland. These findings indicate that chronic cannabis use
has a selective and detrimental impact on the morphology of the
mediotemporal lobe.
Cisplatin and Etoposide Versus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel With Concurrent Radiotherapy for Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Analysis of Veterans Health Administration Data
Authors: Santana-Davila Rafael , Devisetty Kiran , Szabo Aniko , Sparapani Rodney , Arce-Lara Carlos , Gore Elizabeth M. , Moran Amy , Williams Christina D. , Kelley Michael J. , Whittle Jeffrey 
Published: November 2014

Purpose The optimal chemotherapy regimen to use with radiotherapy in stage III non–small-cell lung cancer is unknown. Here, we compare the outcome of patents treated within the Veterans Health Administration with either etoposide-cisplatin (EP) or carboplatin-paclitaxel (CP). Methods We identified patients treated with EP and CP with concurrent radiotherapy from 2001 to 2010. Survival rates were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression models with adjustments for confounding provided by propensity score methods and an instrumental variables analysis. Comorbidities and treatment complications were identified through administrative data. Results A total of 1,842 patients were included; EP was used in 27% (n = 499). Treatment with EP was not associated with a survival advantage in a Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio [HR], 0.97; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.10), a propensity score matched cohort (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.24), or a propensity score adjusted model (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.10). In an instrumental variables analysis, there was no survival advantage for patients treated in centers where EP was used more than 50% of the time as compared with centers where EP was used in less than 10% of the patients (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.26). Patients treated with EP, compared with patients treated with CP, had more hospitalizations (2.4 v 1.7 hospitalizations, respectively; P < .001), outpatient visits (17.6 v 12.6 visits, respectively; P < .001), infectious complications (47.3% v 39.4%, respectively; P = .0022), acute kidney disease/dehydration (30.5% v 21.2%, respectively; P < .001), and mucositis/esophagitis (18.6% v 14.4%, respectively; P = .0246). Conclusion After accounting for prognostic variables, patients treated with EP versus CP had similar overall survival, but EP was associated with increased morbidity.
Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Carbon Nanoparticles from Benzene/Water Bilayer Solution with Femtosecond Laser Generated Plasma Filaments in Water
Authors: Hamaguchi Tomoyuki , Okamoto Takuya , Mitamura Koji , Matsukawa Kimihiro , Yatsuhashi Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We synthesized hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) by femtosecond laser (0.8 µm, 40 fs) irradiation of the water layer of an aerated benzene/water (B/W) bilayer solution. Focusing intense femtosecond laser pulses onto water creates a high density of reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals in a well-confined volume; i.e., plasma filament. The properties of the particle surface were controlled simply by adjusting the laser focusing position, the duration between the preparation of B/W bilayer solution and the laser irradiation. The hydrophobic CNPs appeared to be nearly identical in size and morphology to hydrophilic CNPs. Raman spectroscopy revealed that both particles had a graphitic and disordered structure; however, IR spectroscopy clearly showed that the hydroxy group is the origin of the hydrophilicity. The time evolution of particle formation, products in water, and benzene dissolution behavior in water reveals that the surface properties are determined by the concentration of benzene in water. The diluted aqueous benzene solution gave hydrophilic particles; however, the density of particles was much smaller than that formed in B/W bilayer solution. We concluded that the production of denser hydrophilic CNPs in B/W bilayer was achieved by limiting the concentration of benzene in water layer by B/W interface, and by continuously supplying benzene into water layer through B/W interface. We discuss the subsequent reaction mechanism leading to CNPs of different surface characters.
Synthesis of Monodisperse Au Nanoparticles Using Co Nanoparticles as a Sacrificial Template
Authors: Kang Jianmiao , Ding Yinqiao , Liu Bin , Yang Jianhui 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this letter, we demonstrate the facile synthesis of monodisperse gold nanoparticles by aging an oleylamine–H[AuCl4] toluene solution in the presence of cobalt nanoparticles as a sacrificial template. The precursor of Au is a key factor for the formation of Au nanoparticles. The ratio between Co nanoparticles and H[AuCl4] also affects the morphology and monodispersity of nanoparticles.