bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Popular diets: are they effective for people with type 2 diabetes?
Authors: Dyson Pamela 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe benefits of weight loss for people with type 2 diabetes are well established, but many individuals find dietary energy restriction and weight loss challenging. Conventional dietary advice recommends adopting a low fat, high fibre diet with moderate energy restriction for weight loss, but there are other more popular diets available including the 5:2 or Fast diet, the Paleolithic (or caveman) diet, low glycaemic index (GI) diets, low carbohydrate diets, very low calorie diets and Mediterranean diets.This review explores the evidence for these popular diets and discusses application to clinical practice. There is no evidence for the role of the Fast diet in people with diabetes, and little evidence for the Paleolithic diet, and these diets cannot be recommended currently. Although low GI diets appear to improve glycaemic control in people with diabetes, there is no evidence that they induce weight loss, and they are no longer recommended as a primary strategy by most authorities. There is stronger evidence for the efficacy of both low carbohydrate diets and very low calorie diets showing they are more effective for weight loss over the short term, although this benefit disappears over longer periods of time. Recent evidence suggests that Mediterranean diets are effective for weight loss, improvements in glycaemic control and for reducing cardiovascular risk, although cultural aspects may limit use outside the Mediterranean region. There remains no evidence for the most effective method for weight reduction in people with type 2 diabetes.
Use of a somatostatin analogue in treating severe hypoglycaemia and neuroglycopaenia, in association with hyperinsulinaemia, post bariatric surgery
Authors: Redford Christopher , Smith Jamie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDumping syndrome is a well‐recognised phenomenon post bariatric surgery. However, are all post‐prandial symptoms in such patients simply a result of classical dumping? Our case clearly highlights that as clinicians we should be alert to the possibility of post‐prandial hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia leading to severe neuroglycopaenia.We describe a 51‐year‐old man presenting with symptoms of pallor, light‐headedness, nausea, weakness and collapse, in association with low blood glucose, post‐prandially. The patient had recorded random capillary blood glucose between 1.9–2.6mmol/L on a blood glucose meter during such episodes. His symptoms developed 12 months following gastric bypass surgery and 100kg weight loss. Initially, he was managed with dietary modification, but to no avail.The patient was subsequently admitted for inpatient investigation which excluded fasting hypoglycaemia and confirmed post‐prandial hypoglycaemia with severe neuroglycopaenia. Hence a diagnosis of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia was made. He was commenced on octreotide 50μg three times daily and this treatment led to a significant reduction in the frequency and severity of his symptoms.We feel that this case highlights a problem that will be more frequently encountered as numbers of patients undergoing bariatric surgery increase. Clinicians need to be vigilant to the possibility of this diagnosis and treat appropriately to avoid significant morbidity.
Self‐care and misplaced confidence: a randomised controlled trial of provision of VibraTip for patients with diabetes at high risk of complications
Authors: Levy A , Cole A , Greenwood R 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe aims of this study were to assess the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial of foot care using patients recruited from the retinal imaging clinic, and to determine whether in addition to standard care and advice, giving patients with diabetes a VibraTip would enhance confidence in foot self‐care.Sixty subjects recruited in retinal imaging clinics were randomised to receive a standard foot care leaflet, or leaflet plus VibraTip with a demonstration of its use. VibraTip recipients were encouraged to take it home but given no further instructions. Participants were asked to complete a ‘confidence in self‐care’ questionnaire at enrolment and follow up, six months later.Recruitment was completed in three, all‐day clinics. Follow‐up rates were also high with only one subject lost from each group. Confidence in the ability to check feet for sores or blisters rose in the control group from 90.4% to 96.6% and fell from 90% to 88.6% in the VibraTip group.The feasibility results indicate that large randomised controlled trials in this patient group would be achievable for short educational interventions. Although only a feasibility trial, the study suggested that, if anything, providing VibraTip might actually cast doubt in the minds of patients with diabetes who had been very confident that they could look after their feet. Self‐confidence may be more likely to foster complacency than behaviours likely to minimise risk of harm.
Novel methods of teaching diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) diagnosis and management in a clinical curriculum: Sim‐DKA
Authors: Brown CW , Watson WA , Morrison IG , MacLennan KY 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes and errors in its management are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Simulation based medical education is used to teach health care professionals diagnosis and management of low‐frequency, high‐acuity conditions.We aim to describe a novel method of teaching DKA diagnosis and management using simulation and provide a model which other institutions can adapt as an educational resource. We also map scenario outcomes to a number of key educational domains as well as outlining important patient safety outcomes that can be covered in the debrief.
Respect, engage, change – it's time to end the white noise
Authors: Kar Partha 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe burning question at the moment is ‘What we can do to optimise delivery of diabetes care?’ Fundamental questions need be raised as to how far we respect each other's professional positions, how far we actually engage with patients and what we can do to improve these vital relationships. We need to look at the power of social media, as to how it could help us engage with each other cutting across all boundaries, whether it be between professional ranks or patients. How can we genuinely put the patient in charge of services, be guided by them to achieve a higher quality diabetes service all across the country?In essence, the time has come for us to respect each other, and engage not just in words but in action – and have the boldness to change. In the words of Barack Obama: ‘Change will not come if we wait for some other person or if we wait for some other time. We are the ones we've been waiting for. We are the change that we seek.’It is time to shake off the rhetoric and make excellence a norm, not an exception. It is time to stop the white noise, it is time to do. The time for siloed working must be over: patients with diabetes deserve much more than that.
Disruptive bubble behaviour leading to microstructure damage in an ultrasonic field
Authors: Kim Tae-Hong , Kim Ho-Young 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBubble oscillations play a crucial role in ultrasonic cleaning, a process by which micro- and nanoscale contaminant particles are removed from solid surfaces, such as semiconductor wafers, photomasks and membranes. Although it is well known that the ultrasonic cleaning may damage the functional patterns of ever-shrinking size in current manufacturing technology while removing dust and debris, the mechanisms leading to such damage have been elusive. Here we report observations of the dynamics of bubbles that yield microstructure damage under a continuous ultrasonic field via high-speed imaging. We find that the bubble behaviour can be classified into four types, namely volume oscillation, shape oscillation, splitting and chaotic oscillation, depending on the acoustic pressure and bubble size. This allows us to construct a regime map that can predict the bubble behaviour near a wall based on the experimental parameters. Our visualization experiments reveal that damage of microwalls and microcantilevers arises due to either splitting small bubbles or chaotically oscillating large bubbles in the ultrasonic field, with the forces generated by them quantitatively measured.
Solitary waves on a ferrofluid jet
Authors: Blyth M. G. , Părău E. I. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe propagation of axisymmetric solitary waves on the surface of an otherwise cylindrical ferrofluid jet subjected to a magnetic field is investigated. An azimuthal magnetic field is generated by an electric current flowing along a stationary metal rod which is mounted along the axis of the moving jet. A numerical method is used to compute fully nonlinear travelling solitary waves, and the predictions of elevation waves and depression waves made by Rannacher and Engel (New J. Phys., vol. 8, 2006, pp. 108–123) using a weakly nonlinear theory are confirmed in the appropriate ranges of the magnetic Bond number. New nonlinear branches of solitary wave solutions are identified. As the Bond number is varied, the solitary wave profiles may approach a limiting configuration with a trapped toroidal-shaped bubble, or they may approach a static wave (i.e. one with zero phase speed). For a sufficiently large axial rod, the limiting profile may exhibit a cusp.
Congenital duplication of the larynx
Authors: Simpson A I , Khanna A , Stanton A 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIntroduction:The larynx is an intricate structure serving three important functions in humans: it protects the lower respiratory airway, facilitates respiration and helps produce sound through a key role in phonation.Objective:We report the first published finding of congenital duplication of the larynx in a patient with previously cleared squamous cell carcinoma of the neck and a new diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.Case report:We describe the incidental finding of duplication of the larynx in a 62-year-old man with previously completely cleared squamous cell carcinoma of the neck, who presented with worsening dyspnoea. We also provide a brief overview of other published cases in which duplication of the vocal folds and epiglottis has been reported.Results:Our patient experienced no symptoms related to this incidental finding of congenital duplication of the larynx.Conclusion:The first case of congenital duplication of the larynx is currently of academic interest only; however, the possible association with squamous cell carcinoma is postulated to raise awareness in clinicians who may observe further cases in the future.
Toxoplasma lymphadenitis diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology: a rare finding
Authors: Hosokawa S , Kusama Y , Ono T , Mineta H 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground:There are only very few reports of cervical toxoplasma lymphadenitis being diagnosed exclusively via fine-needle aspiration cytology (with serology).Case report:We describe a case of toxoplasma lymphadenitis that was successfully diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. The case involved a male patient who was immunocompromised as a result of recurrent acute myelogenous leukaemia with cervical lymphadenopathy. The biopsy showed typical features of a well-defined pseudocyst containingToxoplasma gondiitachyzoites.Conclusion:Toxoplasma lymphadenitis is a common cause of lymph node enlargement. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is a useful method for diagnosing and differentiating toxoplasma lymphadenitis from more serious causes of lymphadenopathy, such as metastatic lymphadenopathy or lymphoma.
On the range of validity of the semirelativistic magnetohydrodynamic equations
Authors: Núñez Manuel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPlasmas with moderate flow velocity and sound speed, but large Alfvén speed have been described by the semirelativistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations. While these are correct when restricted to their range of validity, they may have the undesirable effect of predicting unphysical accelerations, much faster than the ones of classical MHD. We present a family of planar models on which the Lorentz force acts more forcefully in the semirelativistic approach, yielding a flow velocity which rapidly exceeds the limits within which the equations are valid.
Transition from a coherent three wave system to turbulence with application to the fluid closure
Authors: Weiland Jan , Liu Chuan S. , Zagorodny Anatoly 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe start from a Mattor–Parker system and its generalization to include diffusion and derive the Random Phase equations. It is shown that the same type of fluid closure holds in the coherent and turbulent regimes. This is due to the fact that the Random Phase levels (1/I1 = 1/I2 + 1/I3), where Ij is the intensity of wave packet ‘j’, are attractors for the wave dynamics both in the coherent and incoherent cases. Focus here is on the wave dynamics with phase velocities varying due to nonlinear frequency shifts. Thus a Maxwellian distribution function is kept in all cases.
A concept of laser scanner designed to realize 3D obstacle avoidance for a fixed-wing UAV
Authors: Kownacki Cezary 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents a concept of a laser scanner framework designed for obstacle avoidance used on mini fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) flying in outdoor environments. The innovation is a conical field of view that guarantees tri-dimensional (3D) obstacle detection and localization at any pitch or roll angle. This advantage is very important for the case of fixed-wing UAV flights where the attitude is changing rapidly. Measurement sequences create a map that is represented by a circular grid with the center fitted to thex-axis of the UAV's body, lying in the plane normal to the velocity vector and projected in the front of UAV. This means that the map cells contain differences between the safety zone radius and distances acquired from area in close proximity to the flight path. Actual UAV attitude can be compensated by rotation and shift of two masks of gains that are applied to the map to determine pitch and roll commands. Results of the simulation research conducted on the designed concept are very promising, as they present a combination of lateral and vertical obstacle avoidance. Based on the experience with laser rangefinders operating on a real UAV, it can be convincingly determined that the concept of the laser scanner is able to be brought into reality.
Successful training of self-sufficient interventional paediatric cardiology team in a sub-Saharan setting: a multicentre collaborative model
Authors: Tefera Endale , Qureshi Shakeel A. , Bermudez-Cañete Ramón 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground:Most children in the Third World do not have access to treatment for heart diseases, as the priorities of health care are different from the developed countries.Materials and methods:Since 2009, teams supported by the Chain of Hope and Spanish medical volunteers have travelled twice a year to help develop paediatric cardiac services in the Cardiac Center in Ethiopia, undertaking four missions each year. As of December 2012, 296 procedures were performed on 287 patients. The procedures included 128 duct occlusions, 55 pulmonary valve dilations, 25 atrial septal defect closures, 14 mitral valve dilations, and others. The local staff were trained to perform a majority of these cases.Results:Procedural success was achieved in 264 (89.2%). There were three deaths, five device embolisations, and three complications in mitral valve dilation. During the visits, the local staff were trained including one cardiologist, six nurses, and two technicians. The local team performed percutaneous interventions on its own after a couple of years. The goal is also to enable the local team to perform interventions independently.Conclusion:Training of an interventional cardiology team in a sub-Saharan setting is challenging but achievable. It may be difficult for a single centre to commit to sending frequent missions to a developing country to make a meaningful contribution to the training of local teams. In our case, coordination between the teams from the two countries helped to achieve our goals.
Afghanistan's Future as Seen from Hindustan's Military Past
Authors: COOPER RANDOLF G. S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article stems from an informal inquiry into how military history was employed in British and North American centres for higher military education to prepare officers for deployment to Afghanistan. The discussions were conducted with professional military educators who were actively teaching in institutions tasked with educating middle and senior ranking officers. When questioned about course reading materials and texts, there was little commonality of approach between the three North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) allies. There was, however, a common working assumption that the only applicable military history lessons were those drawn from the three Anglo-Afghan Wars fought in 1839–1842, 1878–1880 and 1919 respectively.When asked about the linkages of Afghanistan to Pakistan and the wider South Asian region, there was a begrudging admission that the war in Afghanistan could not be fought in isolation and that any lasting peace had to be considered within a greater regional framework. Yet when it was posited that there may be benefit to a wider approach to the applicability of regional military history, those queried could see little to no benefit in considering any military history lessons but those derived from the three previously cited Anglo-Afghan Wars. This paper suggests that if military history has a useful role to play in contemporary conflict analysis and, more importantly, professional military education, then there is merit in considering a wider historic canvas and that the events of Hindustan's military past lend themselves to such an application.
Evaluation of using spot urine to replace 24 h urine sodium and potassium excretions
Authors: Hooft van Huysduynen Eveline JC , Hulshof Paul JM , van Lee Linde , Geelen Anouk , Feskens Edith JM , van ’t Veer Pieter , van Woerkum Cees JM , de Vries Jeanne HM 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe most accurate method to estimate Na and K intakes is to determine 24 h urinary excretions of these minerals. However, collecting 24 h urine is burdensome. Therefore it was studied whether spot urine could be used to replace 24 h urine samples.DesignParticipants collected 24 h urine and kept one voiding sample separate. Na, K and creatinine concentrations were analysed in both 24 h and spot urine samples. Also 24 h excretions of Na and K were predicted from spot urine concentrations using the Tanaka and Danish methods.SettingIn 2011 and 2012, urine samples were collected and brought to the study centre at Wageningen University, the Netherlands.SubjectsWomen (n147) aged 19–26 years.ResultsAccording top-aminobenzoic acid excretions, 127 urine collections were complete. Correlations of Na:creatinine, K:creatinine and Na:K between spot urine and 24 h urine were 0·68, 0·57 and 0·64, respectively. Mean 24 h Na excretion predicted with the Tanaka method was higher (difference 21·2 mmol/d,P<0·001) than the measured excretion of 131·6 mmol/d and mean 24 h Na excretion predicted with the Danish method was similar (difference 3·2 mmol/d,P=0·417) to the measured excretion. The mean 24 h K excretion predicted with the Tanaka method was higher (difference 13·6 mmol/d,P<0·001) than the measured excretion of 66·8 mmol/d. Bland–Altman plots showed large individual differences between predicted and measured 24 h Na and K excretions.ConclusionsThe ratios of Na:creatinine and K:creatinine in spot urine were reasonably well associated with their respective ratios in 24 h urine and appear to predict mean 24 h Na excretion of these young, Caucasian women.
Does Size Matter? The ICRW and the Inclusion of Small Cetaceans
Authors: Stephenson Sean , Mooers Arne , Attaran Amir 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe competency debate over small cetacean regulation at the International Whaling Commission (IWC) is legal in nature, yet has been in a political stalemate for years. In this article we argue that the IWC has the competence to regulate small cetaceans and that the commercial whaling of ‘small cetaceans’ is a violation of the moratorium on commercial whaling. We present hybrid legal and scientific arguments and counter-arguments for the treaty interpretation of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling and, given recent precedent, advocate that the International Court of Justice be called upon to resolve this matter.
FromSaturatoSatyre:François Rabelais and the Renaissance Appropriation of a Genre*
Authors: Renner Bernd 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRenaissance satire has long been a neglected field of study, which is most likely due to the difficulty decoding its targets, to its nonliterary utilitarian purpose, and to the menace of invective that always hovers over the satirical metagenre. This study aims at two objectives: to retrace the formal development of early modern satire by showing how the blending of four disparate traditions — Romansatura,Greek satyr play, Menippean satire, and medieval popular theater — created a form that not only dominated the period, but also laid the groundwork for the development of the modern variants of satire. This pivotal moment in the history of satire then gives way to the second objective: a concrete illustration of this theoretical development in the four authentic Pantagrueline chronicles of François Rabelais, an ideal case study that will considerably enhance the understanding of early modern satire in all its implications and intricacies.
First Report of Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae Causing Downy Mildew on Spinach in Egypt
Authors: Correll J. C. , Feng C. 
Published: June 2014

Downy mildew, caused by Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae (= P. effusa) is an economically important disease in most areas where spinach is grown. This disease has become increasingly important in intensive production fields for pre-packaged salad mixes where plant densities typically are very high (2). However, little is known about race diversity of the downy mildew pathogen of spinach in smaller (<1 ha) production areas. Small (~0.1 ha) spinach production fields in Fayoum, Egypt, often intercropped with lettuce, were examined in February 2013. Downy mildew was observed in three spinach fields in the Fayoum area. Most of the cultivars being grown were traditional cultivars commonly grown from locally produced open pollinated seed. Disease incidence was relatively low with only about 10% of the plants showing symptoms of infection. Symptoms of downy mildew were observed on the cultivar Meky, and included chlorotic spots with blue-gray sporulation on the underside of the symptomatic leaves. Microscopic examination revealed sporangia, measuring 20.2 × 30.5 μm, and monopodial sporangiaphores of 180 to 330 μm length matching the description of P. farinosa f. sp. spinaciae (1). In addition, the pathogen was identified by examination of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence, which had 100% identity to a 762-bp ITS sequence in GenBank of P. farinosa f. sp. spinaciae (Accession No. DQ643879.1). The Fayoum area of Egypt gets relatively low annual rainfall, typically <10 to 15 cm annually, often concentrated in the winter months of November to February, followed by very hot, dry summer months. Although downy mildew of spinach has been reported in Israel, adjacent to Egypt, the disease apparently is relatively rare in the arid Middle East (3). This is the first known report of downy mildew of spinach in Egypt. References: (1) Y. Choi et al. Mycol. Res. 111:318, 2007. (2) J. C. Correll et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2011. (3) T. Rayss. Palest. J. Bot. Jerusalem Ser. 1:313, 1938.