bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence to Predict the Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis in T2 Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ichimasa Katsuro , Foppa Caterina , Kudo Shin-ei , Misawa Masashi , Takashina Yuki , Miyachi Hideyuki , Ishida Fumio , Nemoto Tetsuo , Lee Jonathan Wei Jie , Yeoh Khay Guan , Paoluzzi Tomada Elisa , Maselli Roberta , Repici Alessandro , Terracciano Luigi Maria , Spaggiari Paola , Mori Yuichi , Hassan Cesare , Spinelli Antonino ,   early CRC group
Published: July 2024

Objective:
To develop and externally validate an updated artificial intelligence (AI) prediction system for stratifying the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in T2 colorectal cancer (CRC).

Background:
Recent technical advances allow complete local excision of T2 CRC, traditionally treated with surgical resection. Yet, the widespread adoption of this approach is hampered by the inability to stratify the risk of LNM.

Methods:
Data from patients with pT2 CRC undergoing surgical resection between April 2000 and May 2022 at one Japanese and one Italian center were analyzed. Primary goal was AI system development for accurate LNM prediction. Predictors encompassed 7 variables: age, sex, tumor size, tumor location, lymphovascular invasion, histologic differentiation, and carcinoembryonic antigen level. The tool’s discriminating power was assessed through area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity.

Results:
Out of 735 initial patients, 692 were eligible. Training and validation cohorts comprised of 492 and 200 patients, respectively. The AI model displayed an area under the curve of 0.75 in the combined validation data set. Sensitivity for LNM prediction was 97.8%, and specificity was 15.6%. The positive and the negative predictive value were 25.7% and 96%, respectively. The false negative rate was 2.2%, and the false positive was 84.4%.

Conclusions:
Our AI model, based on easily accessible clinical and pathologic variables, moderately predicts LNM in T2 CRC. However, the risk of false negative needs to be considered. The training of the model including more patients across western and eastern centers – differentiating between colon and rectal cancers – may improve its performance and accuracy.
Harnessing genome prediction inBrassica napusthrough a nested association mapping population
Authors: Perumal Sampath , Higgins Erin , Sra Simarjeet , Khedikar Yogendra , Moore Jessica , Chaudary Raju , Haile Teketel , Koh Kevin , Vail Sally , Robinson Stephen J. , Horner Kyla , Hope Brad , Klein-Gebbinck Henry , Herrmann David , Navabi Katy , Sharpe Andrew G. , Parkin Isobel A. P. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTGenome prediction (GP) significantly enhances genetic gain by improving selection efficiency and shortening crop breeding cycles. Using a nested association mapping (NAM) population a set of diverse scenarios were assessed to evaluate GP for vital agronomic traits inB. napus. GP accuracy was examined by employing different models, marker sets, population sizes, marker densities, and incorporating genome-wide association (GWAS) markers. Eight models, including linear and semi-parametric approaches, were tested. The choice of model minimally impacted GP accuracy across traits. Notably, two models, rrBLUP and RKHS, consistently yielded the highest prediction accuracies. Employing a training population of 1500 lines or more resulted in increased prediction accuracies. Inclusion of single nucleotide absence polymorphism (SNaP) markers significantly improved prediction accuracy, with gains of up to 15%. Utilizing the Brassica 60K Illumina SNP array, our study effectively revealed the genetic potential of theB. napusNAM panel. It provided estimates of genomic predictions for crucial agronomic traits through varied prediction scenarios, shedding light on achievable genetic gains. These insights, coupled with marker application, can advance the breeding cycle acceleration inB. napus.Core ideasGenome prediction (GP) enhances genetic gains by improving selection efficiency and shortening breeding cycles.Factors influencing GP accuracy include model choice, marker types, and population size.Inclusion of SNaP markers and highly significant GWAS markers improves prediction accuracy, shedding light on achievable genetic gains.Plain SummaryGenome prediction (GP) is a powerful tool that helps us improve crops more efficiently. In this study, we assessed how well GP works for predicting important traits inBrassica napusplants. We tested different models and marker sets to see which ones were most accurate. We found that two models, rrBLUP and RKHS, were consistently the best. Also, including certain types of genetic markers, like SNaP markers and highly significant GWAS markers, improved the predictions. Overall, our study shows that GP can help us understand the genetic potential ofB. napusplants and improve breeding strategies, which can be exploited to develop better varieties more quickly, which is good news for farmers and the food supply.
Arc controls organ architecture through modulation of Crb and MyoII
Authors: Kim Ji Hoon , Maruyama Rika , Kim Kwon , Vertrees Devin A. , Paul Parama , Britson Kyla , Andrew Deborah J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrecise orchestration of morphogenetic processes is required to generate organs that are optimally situated within the organism, and that are of the right size and shape to fit and maximize functionality. Here, we describe the role of Arc, a large apical membrane-associated PDZ domain-containing protein, that works through the apical determinant Crumb (Crb) to limit MyoII activity during tissue invagination in the forming Drosophila salivary gland (SG). We show that loss of Arc, attenuation of Crb function, as well as increased activation of non-muscle Myosin II (MyoII) leads to the simultaneous internalization of more precursor cells than normal. Consequently, mature SGs are significantly shorter with more cells surrounding the lumen at all positions along the tube. Correspondingly, overexpression of Arc or SG-specific knockdown of MyoII leads to the formation of longer SGs with fewer cells surrounding the lumen. We show that both Arc PDZ domains are required for Arc function and that they have distinct activities. Finally, we show that Arc facilitates Crb plasma membrane (PM) localization and suggests a model wherein PM-associated Crb stabilizes cellular junctions countering the destabilizing effects of apical medial and junctional pools of activated MyoII, thus limiting the number of primordial cells internalizing at any given time.
DNA damage response signatures are associated with frontline chemotherapy response and routes of tumor evolution in extensive stage small cell lung cancer
Authors: Morris Benjamin B. , Heeke Simon , Xi Yuanxin , Diao Lixia , Wang Qi , Rocha Pedro , Arriola Edurne , Lee Myung Chang , Tyson Darren R. , Concannon Kyle , Ramkumar Kavya , Stewart C. Allison , Cardnell Robert J. , Wang Runsheng , Quaranta Vito , Wang Jing , Heymach John V. , Nabet Barzin Y. , Shames David S. , Gay Carl M. , Byers Lauren A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionA hallmark of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is its recalcitrance to therapy. While most SCLCs respond to frontline therapy, resistance inevitably develops. Identifying phenotypes potentiating chemoresistance and immune evasion is a crucial unmet need. Previous reports have linked upregulation of the DNA damage response (DDR) machinery to chemoresistance and immune evasion across cancers. However, it is unknown if SCLCs exhibit distinct DDR phenotypes.MethodsTo study SCLC DDR phenotypes, we developed a new DDR gene analysis method and applied it to SCLC clinical samples,in vitro, andin vivomodel systems. We then investigated how DDR regulation is associated with SCLC biology, chemotherapy response, and tumor evolution following therapy.ResultsUsing multi-omic profiling, we demonstrate that SCLC tumors cluster into three DDR phenotypes with unique molecular features. Hallmarks of these DDR clusters include differential expression of DNA repair genes, increased replication stress, and heightened G2/M cell cycle arrest. SCLCs with elevated DDR phenotypes exhibit increased neuroendocrine features and decreased “inflamed” biomarkers, both within and across SCLC subtypes. Treatment naive DDR status identified SCLC patients with different responses to frontline chemotherapy. Tumors with initial DDR Intermediate and DDR High phenotypes demonstrated greater tendency for subtype switching and emergence of heterogeneous phenotypes following treatment.ConclusionsWe establish that SCLC can be classified into one of three distinct, clinically relevant DDR clusters. Our data demonstrates that DDR status plays a key role in shaping SCLC phenotypes, chemotherapy response, and patterns of tumor evolution. Future work targeting DDR specific phenotypes will be instrumental in improving patient outcomes.
The antifungal capacity of a 681-membered collection of environmental yeast isolates
Authors: Maciá Valero Alicia , Tabatabaeifar Fatemehalsadat , Billerbeck Sonja 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFungal pathogens threaten human health and food security, with resistance reported across limited antifungal classes. Novel strategies to control these pathogens and food spoilers are urgently needed.Environmental yeasts provide a functionally diverse, yet underexploited potential for fungal control based on their natural competition via the secretion of iron siderophores, killer toxins (proteins) or other small molecules like volatile organic compounds or biosurfactants. However, there is a lack of standardized workflows to systematically access application- relevant yeast-based compounds and understand their molecular functioning.Towards this goal, we developed a workflow to identify and characterize yeast isolates that are active against relevant human and plant pathogens and spoilage yeasts, herein focusing on discovering yeasts that produce potential killer toxins. The workflow includes the classification of the secreted molecules and cross-comparison of their antifungal capacity using an independent calibrant.Our workflow delivered a collection of 681 yeasts of which 212 isolates (31%) displayed antagonism against at least one of our target strains. While 50% of the active yeasts showed iron-depended antagonism, likely due to siderophore production, more than 25% are potentially secreting a toxic protein. Those killer yeast candidates clustered within ten species, showed target profiles from narrow- to broad spectrum, and several showed a broad pH and temperature activity profile.Given the tools for yeast biotechnology and protein engineering available, our collection offers a foundation for genetic and molecular characterization of antifungal phenotypes, with potential for future exploitation. The scalable workflow can screen other yeast collections or adjust for different antifungal compounds.
Fastandlong-term super-resolution imaging of ER nano-structural dynamics in living cells using a neural network
Authors: Rahm Johanna V. , Balakrishnan Ashwin , Wehrheim Maren , Kaminer Alexandra , Glogger Marius , Kessler Laurell F. , Kaschube Matthias , Barth Hans-Dieter , Heilemann Mike 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is a super-resolution technique that surpasses the diffraction limit and has contributed to the study of dynamic processes in living cells. However, high laser intensities induce fluorophore photobleaching and sample phototoxicity, limiting the number of fluorescence images obtainable from a living cell. Here, we address these challenges by using ultra-low irradiation intensities and a neural network for image restoration, enabling extensive imaging of single living cells. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was chosen as the target structure due to its dynamic nature over short and long timescales. The reduced irradiation intensity combined with denoising permitted continuous ER dynamics observation in living cells for up to 7 hours with a temporal resolution of seconds. This allowed for quantitative analysis of ER structural features over short (seconds) and long (hours) timescales within the same cell, and enabled fast 3D live-cell STED microscopy. Overall, the combination of ultra-low irradiation with image restoration enables comprehensive analysis of organelle dynamics over extended periods in living cells.
A novel central bank digital currency framework design for offline and foreign transactions based on blockchain
Authors: Attarde Khush , Jaiswal Charvi , Khatwani Ritesh , Pinto Geetanjali , Kumar Vinod 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Fiat money production necessitates physical commodities, increasing costs and its flow is challenging to monitor, making it vulnerable to criminal exploitation. Cryptocurrencies offer decentralized solutions, but their decentralization has led to illegal activities. Current cross-border transactions face high costs, resource intensity and lack of instant currency transfers. Offline transactions are essential in unreliable networks.

Design/methodology/approach
Here, the authors proposed the methodology to perform offline transactions based on card, quick response (QR) code and a foreign transaction framework with universal identification (UID) to perform cross-border transactions using blockchain-dependent central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). Implications for the financial system are also analyzed.

Findings
The proposed CBDC framework reduces illegal transactions, corruption and the cost of producing fiat money; eases overseas transactions; and eventually increases international tourism, trade and business between countries. It also reduces the processing fees. Offline framework found useful for performing retail-level transactions.

Research limitations/implications
The research methodology may face limitations due to diplomatic relations, political instability, sanctions and the need for robust offline transaction infrastructure.

Practical implications
The proposed CBDC framework simplifies debt and insurance management, tax collection, international trade, tourism and global stock market participation. However, implementing CBDCs in low-income countries presents challenges like extensive training, infrastructure and user acceptance issues.

Social implications
The adoption of CBDCs can enhance financial stability by reducing corruption and illegal transactions through improved traceability and monitoring, thereby curbing activities like terrorism.

Originality/value
Common framework for foreign transactions is based on the UID, and offline transaction framework is based on the sender’s QR code for multiple user applications.
Developing a game design framework to embed student-centred learning
Authors: Coleman Thomas , Money Arthur G. 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThis paper presents the student-centred experience (SCE) game design framework, which aims to guide the design of holistic student-centred digital game-based learning (SCDGBL) experiences, which fully integrate all seven tenets of student-centred learning (SCL). The paper also rationalises the need for the framework and presents the steps taken in its development.Design/methodology/approachInitially, the background areas of SCDGBL and digital game-based learning (DGBL) are examined, and the need for a framework in digital educational game design that has a focus on SCL is then established. The rigorous and systematic design thinking process through which the framework was developed is then stepped through. The completed framework is then presented, and each section is detailed to explain its utilisation within the process of digital game design.FindingsThe paper presents the completed student-centred experience (SCE) framework alongside a worked example of how it can be deployed in practice. Also included is guidance on the roles of the game designer and education practitioner at all stages of design, development and deployment and how they may contribute their experience during the game design process to create high-quality tools for learning.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the SCE framework presented is complete, it is presented as a first version and will benefit from wider deployment and testing.Originality/valueThis paper presents a new game design framework integrating existing knowledge on SCL and DGBL, which guides practitioners in the design of experiences that fully deliver the techniques of both areas.
Student engagement on climate learning: what does the academic community say about it?
Authors: Brandli Luciana Londero , Reginatto Giovana , Lange Salvia Amanda , Carretta Diniz Pedro Henrique 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to describe the academic community’s perspectives about climate change learning and engagement opportunities by means of a case study at the University of Passo Fundo, Brazil.

Design/methodology/approach
A set of interviews and focus groups were conducted, and data collection focused on three main groups, namely, university students, professors and managers. The analysis was developed through content analysis of the individual interviews and focus groups.

Findings
The results showed that the academic community is trying to change their attitudes and behaviours, and students would like to learn more about climate change.

Originality/value
This investigation combines the views of different academic groups and indicates initiatives that could boost the university initiatives towards climate action and learning.
The effect of athlete endorsement on employees' organizational identification: a case study utilizing an Olympic athlete
Authors: Bizen Yoshifumi , Tsuji Yosuke 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effects of sponsorship on organizational identification among employees of companies that sponsor individual athletes from the perspective of internal marketing.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was conducted in July 2021 targeting employees of Company A. Specifically, employees were invited to participate via email notifications sent through the company's intranet. To clarify the impact of company sponsorships for individual athletes on employee organizational identification, this study focused on the relationship between Company A and an athlete they support. Psychometric scales were used to measure the factors of the hypothetical model, such as sponsor fit and attitudes toward sponsorship. The analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS 28.0 and AMOS 25 Graphics, and the hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.FindingsWe collected a total of 365 survey responses in two weeks. All the hypotheses in this study were supported, indicating that athlete identification and brand knowledge had a significant positive effect on perceived sponsor fit. In addition, attitudes toward the employer significantly have positive relationships with brand commitment and organizational identification. This study showed that perceived sponsor fit plays an important role in employee perceptions of sponsorship. Athlete endorsement is effective from an internal marketing perspective.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this study is the selection of the research subject. Conducting the same survey targeting individual athletes with different characteristics may lead to discoveries about the impact of corporate sponsorship on employee organizational identification.Practical implicationsThe practical implication of this study is that business executives should also use sponsorship for individual athletes as a means to unify and motivate their employees. In selecting athletes for sponsorship, it is necessary to select individuals who fit the company image. In this process, listening to employees' opinions may help select the most suitable athlete who matches the company's image.Originality/valueMany studies conducted on sports sponsorship have focused on the impact on potential customers, from external marketing. Even in studies examining the effects of sports sponsorship on employees, the sponsored subjects are typically teams or events. Therefore, the originality of this study lies in examining the impact of athlete endorsement on the company's employees from the perspective of internal marketing.
Arbitrage outcome between conventional and Islamic finance of yield and forward rates in bond market
Authors: Mohd Isa Mohd Yaziz Bin , Suppiah Mahalakshmi 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
In this research, arbitrage opportunity is tested between the yield rates computed by the NSS model, and the computed forward rates between conventional and Islamic finance to see any arbitrage opportunity. The research questions are the conventional and Islamic finance yields at the same level and equal to each other to avoid arbitrage? Whether conventional and Islamic forward rates differ significantly and thus create any arbitrage opportunity. This study aims to find the presence or absence of arbitrage between conventional and Islamic finance yield rates.

Design/methodology/approach
The NSS model is the latest model in calculating yield and forward rates. In the method the error level is minimized so expected yield rate and given yield rate both converged (Vahidin and Anastasios, 2020). When they converged it gives the researchers all six months’ yield rates. For the Nelson Siegal method, all the six months’ yield rates are available and these yield rates can be used to compute the forward rates.

Findings
The authors concluded there is a significant difference between the conventional yield rate and the Islamic yield rate. It suggests that because there are significant differences, its suggest arbitrage is possible. So anyone interested in making a guaranteed profit. The conventional yield rates are lower; hence, anyone can borrow from the conventional finance system and invest the money in the Islamic financial system because investments are getting higher rates of income in the form of yield rate in Islamic Finance. So, one can make money because of this difference. Statistically, it is possible to make money, but practically, the authors observed the difference, however it is very meager. The arbitrage opportunity between Islamic finance and conventional finance will not affect the economy because the significant difference is too small. The disturbance in the arbitrage opportunity due to the values is very meager and insignificant.

Research limitations/implications
This research does not address the derivative contracts’ role in risk management; future researchers could take up this as another research.

Practical implications
This research will be beneficial for financial institutions, especially institutional investors. Besides, this research will help the regulators and investment bankers in assisting where and future losses especially bond portfolios in conventional finance and Islamic finance. This study will also contribute and help the asset manager of mutual funds in the mutual fund industries.

Social implications
In effect, this research will strengthen the financial system, capital market and bond market, derivative contracts such as options contracts, futures contracts, swap contracts and forward contracts will use computed forward rates for assessing future losses (value at risk [VaR]) and to hedge them (Balakrishnan, 2020).

Originality/value
As this topic is rarely studied it will increase the literature present in this domain.