bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of familiar contingencies on infants' vocal behavior in new communicative contexts
Authors: Miller Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTRecently, there has been a growing interest in understanding the mechanisms underlying vocal learning in songbirds and human infants. Research has demonstrated how contingent social feedback from social partners to immature vocalizations can play a role during vocal learning in both brown‐headed cowbirds and prelinguistic infants. Contingencies in social interactions, particularly familiar contingencies, are important in developing preferences for social partners and shaping social exchanges Bigelow and Birch [1999]. Infant Behavior & Development 22:367–382]; however, little is known about how familiar contingencies that individuals experience during communicative exchanges play a role in new contexts. The current study examined differences in caregiver response patterns to infant vocal behavior and assessed how familiar contingencies influenced infant vocal behavior in novel communicative exchanges with caregivers. Infants were systematically exposed to high and low social feedback schedules during a play session. Results revealed the frequency of caregiver responsiveness to which infants were accustomed to affected infant vocal production during novel communicative situations. Infants with high responding caregivers vocalized with more mature vocalizations and used their vocalizations differently than infants with low responding caregivers during the high, but not low, response period. Specifically, infants with high responding caregivers directed more of their vocalizations at their caregiver and looked more at their caregiver after vocalizing, an indication of anticipating contingent responding. These results suggest that infants with high responding caregivers learned the association between vocalizing and contingent responses during the novel communicative interaction. This study demonstrates the need to understand how infants who experience a variety of contingencies in everyday interactions with caregivers carry over to other interactive situations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1518–1527, 2014.
Reactions of 1,3,2‐Diselenaphospholanes with Lewis Acids: Borane and (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium and ‐iridium Dichloride
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Klimkina Elena V. , Milius Wolfgang 
Published: August 2014

Abstract2‐R‐1,3,2‐Diselenaphospholanes (R = iPr, Ph) with an annelated 1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12) unit were treated with Lewis acids such as borane reagents (BH3 in THF, and BH3–SMe2) as well as Cp*‐rhodium and ‐iridium dichloride (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl). In all cases, the adduct formation in the beginning was followed by ring expansion through insertion of the borane or Cp*MCl2 into one of the P–Se bonds accompanied by transfer of a hydrido or chlorido ligand to phosphorus. Finally, the P–R unit was displaced from the ring to give the exchange products, in which the boron or the metal had become part of the five‐membered rings. The reactions were monitored by NMR spectroscopy (1H, 11B, 13C, 31P, and 77Se). The proposed reaction sequences were found to be in agreement with calculated [B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p), LANL2DZ (Rh, Ir) level of theory] relative energies of optimized gas‐phase structures of the various products. The novel molecular structure of the preferred insertion product with M = Ir, R = iPr was determined by X‐ray analysis.
Correlation of fatty acid composition of virgin olive oil with thermal and physical properties
Authors: Gila Abraham , Jiménez Antonio , Beltrán Gabriel , Romero Alberto 
Published: August 2014

Physical properties (dynamic viscosity and density) of virgin olive oil (VOO) from fourteen olive varieties were studied as a function of their fatty acid (FA) compositions and temperature. Moreover, for these same VOOs, were evaluated the thermal properties by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC): cooling, heating, and oxidation profiles. The composition of VOO analyzed corresponded to the normal range for these varieties. Also, for all VOOs, the temperature effect on oil density decreased linearly as a temperature increased, achieved a good correlation. Arrhenius model describes the effect of temperature on viscosity showing a Newtonian behavior. Correlations between temperature of the major peak of crystallization phase (Pc) and their content in oleic and linoleic FAs were found. In addition, although a not very good correlation was observed between FA composition and viscosity, it was observed that the viscosity tends to increase with the amount of oleic acid.Practical applications: Knowledge of thermal and physical properties of the virgin olive oils (VOOs) is essential to improve some aspects of the extraction process in olive oil mill. Therefore, the information in this work is important for many applications such as equipment design (settling and storage tanks, centrifuges, pumps, etc.).Correlations between the oleic acid (C18:1) content of VOOs and the corresponding to (A) temperature of the major peak of crystallization phase (Pc) and (B) dynamic viscosities (µ). The aim of this work is to study not only thermal properties from thermal profiles (crystallization, melting, and oxidation curves) by DSC measurements, but also physical characterization (density and viscosity) as a function of temperature of VOOs from 14 different olive cultivars, in order to relate thermal and physical properties with chemical composition (FA). As can observed, there is a high correlation between temperature of the peak of crystallization phase, Pc, and FAs composition (C18:1). Moreover, although non good correlations between oil viscosity and fatty acid composition could be found, the viscosity tends to increase as the amount of C18:1 fatty acid.
PAIN OUT: The making of an international acute pain registry
Authors: Zaslansky R. , Rothaug J. , Chapman C.R. , Bäckström R. , Brill S. , Fletcher D. , Fodor L. , Gordon D.B. , Komann M. , Konrad C. , Leykin Y. , Pogatski‐Zahn E. , Puig M.M. , Rawal N. , Ullrich K. , Volk T. , Meissner W. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundAbout 240 million patients undergo surgery every year, worldwide. Roughly 50% of these patients report clinically significant pain. Numerous barriers impede provision of adequate management. Lack of evidence about appropriateness and effectiveness of interventions is one. A registry can provide such information, eventually facilitating better management. This paper reports the development and feasibility of PAIN OUT, the first international acute pain registry, established with funds from the European Commission, and presents preliminary analysis to illustrate the nature of investigations that registry data make possible.MethodsOn the first postoperative day, 6347 adult patients undergoing orthopaedic or general surgery, in 11 medical centres in Europe and Israel, provided Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) using a validated questionnaire. Clinical data were abstracted from the patient's chart.ResultsFeasibility worked well. Over a period of 1 year, surveyors accrued targeted data sets and entered them into an online browser. Collaborators could receive online feedback comparing their findings about PROs against anonymized findings from other centres. Missing data for the majority of variables were low. Despite considerable variability between institutions, a large number of patients were treated according to the generic, evidence‐based recommendations we assessed. However, this was not sufficient to result in acceptable outcomes for the majority of patients.ConclusionThe initial development of PAIN OUT has been achieved. From 2013, it continues as a not‐for‐profit academic project, open to clinicians and researchers worldwide. The International Association for Study of Pain and PAIN OUT will work together to maintain, disseminate and develop the registry.
Program Trading and the Link Between the Spot and Futures Prices
Authors: Jordan Steven J. , Lee Woo‐Baik , Park Jong Won 
Published: August 2014

AbstractProgram trading has been identified as a mechanism that links the futures and spot markets. It has also been identified as a potential cause of market instability leading to regulations on program trading during volatile markets. Program trading halts provide a natural experiment to test the hypothesis that program trading is an important mechanism that maintains relative market pricing. This study is the first to analyze the effect of removing all program trades on the connectedness of the spot and futures markets during large market moves. The Korean regulatory environment has several unique properties that lend itself to such a study. Overall, we provide evidence that (i) the basis is unaffected when program trading is eliminated during large market moves, (ii) arbitrage exists and appears to be able to identify uninformed price moves, (iii) the data do not support the argument that halts provide a time‐out period in order for markets to reevaluate information, and (iv) there are costs associated with imposing trading halt regulations on financial markets. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 35:1133–1153, 2015
The role of the hippocampus in passive and active spatial learning
Authors: Kosaki Yutaka , Lin Tzu‐Ching Esther , Horne Murray R. , Pearce John M. , Gilroy Kerry E. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTRats with lesions of the hippocampus or sham lesions were required in four experiments to escape from a square swimming pool by finding a submerged platform. Experiments 1 and 2 commenced with passive training in which rats were repeatedly placed on the platform in one corner—the correct corner—of a pool with distinctive walls. A test trial then revealed a strong preference for the correct corner in the sham but not the hippocampal group. Subsequent active training of being required to swim to the platform resulted in both groups acquiring a preference for the correct corner in the two experiments. In Experiments 3 and 4, rats were required to solve a discrimination between different panels pasted to the walls of the pool, by swimming to the middle of a correct panel. Hippocampal lesions prevented a discrimination being formed between panels of different lengths (Experiment 3), but not between panels showing lines of different orientations (Experiment 4); rats with sham lesions mastered both problems. It is suggested that an intact hippocampus is necessary for the formation of stimulus‐goal associations that permit successful passive spatial leaning. It is further suggested that an intact hippocampus is not necessary for the formation of stimulus‐response associations, except when they involve information about length or distance. © 2014 The Authors. Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Simple biophysically plausible model for long time constants in single neurons
Authors: Tiganj Zoran , Hasselmo Michael E. , Howard Marc W. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTRecent work in computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology suggests that a set of cells that decay exponentially could be used to support memory for the time at which events took place. Analytically and through simulations on a biophysical model of an individual neuron, we demonstrate that exponentially decaying firing with a range of time constants up to minutes could be implemented using a simple combination of well‐known neural mechanisms. In particular, we consider firing supported by calcium‐controlled cation current. When the amount of calcium leaving the cell during an interspike interval is larger than the calcium influx during a spike, the overall decay in calcium concentration can be exponential, resulting in exponential decay of the firing rate. The time constant of the decay can be several orders of magnitude larger than the time constant of calcium clearance, and it could be controlled externally via a variety of biologically plausible ways. The ability to flexibly and rapidly control time constants could enable working memory of temporal history to be generalized to other variables in computing spatial and ordinal representations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PET image reconstruction using ANN
Authors: Arunprasath Thiyagarajan , Pallikonda Rajasekaran Murugan , Kannan Subramanian 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to improve the positron emission tomography (PET) image quality for medical diagnosis. The statistical reconstructions on the maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm often results in a blurring effect, which fails to determine the toughness class in the reconstructed image. The development of new reconstruction algorithms for PET is an active field of research. In this article, artificial neural network (ANN) is proposed for replicating the output image, which is generated from the acquired projection data with the corresponding angles using the PET images. This article proposes the advantage of arranging the neural network to stock up the information of the continuous capacity. This reduces the storage space and recuperates as much sequence of the continuous quantity as possible. The performance of image quality parameters using ANN is better when compared with MAP, FBP‐NN (filtered back projection with nearest neighbor interpolation). Thus ANN provides 63% better peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) when compared with FBP‐NN and 47% better when compared to MAP. Thus, ANN is better than FBP and MAP algorithm, by providing better PSNR. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 24, 249–255, 2014
An optimal RF shielding method for MR‐PET fusion system with insertable PET
Authors: Oh Changheun , Han Yeji , Kim Dongchan , Lim Hyunkeong , Choi Yong , Cho Gyuseong , Park HyunWook 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAn RF shielding method is proposed to preserve the resonance frequency of an RF coil regardless of the existence of a positron emission tomography (PET) detector module, so that the RF coil can effectively operate for both simultaneous MR‐PET imaging and MR stand‐alone imaging. The RF shield between the RF coil and the PET detector module was manufactured in the form of a hollow acryl cylinder wrapped with gold‐taffeta woven tape. As we adopted a double‐layer RF shield between the RF coil and the PET detector module, it was possible to maintain the resonance frequency of the RF coil and the MR image quality was similar in both cases, with and without the insertable PET detector module. Using the insertable concept of the PET system and the RF coil with an additional double‐layer RF shield, both an MR‐PET fusion system and an MR stand‐alone system were realized. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 24, 263–269, 2014
Potential efficacy of dopamine loaded‐PVP/PAA nanogel in experimental models of Parkinsonism: Possible disease modifying activity
Authors: Rashed Engy R. , Abd El‐Rehim Hassan A. , El‐Ghazaly Mona A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the ability of dopamine (DA)‐loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone‐poly(acrylic acid) (PVP/PAAc) nanogel [synthesized by gamma (γ) radiation‐induced template polymerization] [Nano‐DA] to deliver DA across the blood brain barrier, and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the acute and subchronic administration of Nano‐DA in modulating motor activity and/or the biochemical changes in rat brain; induced by different models of Parkinsonism. In this respect, (PVP/PAAc) nanogel was synthesized by gamma radiation‐induced polymerization of acrylic acid (AAc) in an aqueous solution of PVP as a template polymer, and then, it was used as a nano‐drug carrier for DA. The PVP/PAAc and (PVP/PAAc loaded‐DA nanogel particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, infrared spectroscopy, and field emission‐scanning electron microscopy. The loaded gel was administered in different doses and dosing regimens to Parkinsonian rats, and the catalepsy score and striatal DA levels were assessed. Then, the potential disease‐modifying activity of this form of DA was investigated, through the assessment of the improvement in mitochondrial function, following the subchronic administration of Nano‐DA to Parkinsonian rats. Significant disease‐modifying effects were observed upon the administration of Nano‐DA; in addition to normalization in their motor activity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1713–1720, 2015.
Stage‐specific metabolization of triacylglycerols during seed germination of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.)
Authors: Chandrasekaran Umashankar , Liu Aizhong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDA detailed study was carried out on Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) to investigate the mobilization of storage lipids during seed germination.RESULTSThin layer chromatography analysis of the total lipids showed a rapid decline in the triacylglycerol (TAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) contents after the early stages (3–10 days after imbibition (DAI)) followed by a steady breakdown during the later stages (20 and 30 DAI) of germination. Trace amounts of monoacylglycerols (MAG) were identified during the final stage (30 DAI). Further, gas chromatography analysis showed an increase in the major unsaturated fatty acid (linoleic and linolenic) content from 3 to 10 DAI followed by a slow decline. In addition, the major saturated fatty acid (palmitic and oleic) content showed a decrease during the early stages (3–10 DAI) and an increase during the later stages (20 and 30 DAI).CONCLUSIONThe present study provides the first report on the metabolization of TAG along with fatty acid changes during the seed germination of Sacha Inchi. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Transitional care for young people with diabetes: a national registry is urgently needed
Authors: Rea Rustam 
Published: August 2014

AbstractYoung people with diabetes require specialised and personalised care as they make the transition from children's services to adult services. Getting the right care at this stage of their lives gives them the best chance of avoiding longer‐term complications and remaining within the health service. Many policy documents and guidelines have been issued highlighting the importance of diabetes care during these years but little evidence exists as to what should constitute that care and how it should be provided. Few interventions have been evaluated and there are no national data comparing the effectiveness of transition services across the country. A national register of diabetes transition services and agreed measures of quality would enable paediatric and adult services to evaluate and improve the care they provide for this important group of young people. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calculation of Decomposition Products from Components of Gunpowder by using ReaxFF Reactive Force Field Molecular Dynamics and Thermodynamic Calculations of Equilibrium Composition
Authors: Jensen Tomas L. , Moxnes John F. , Unneberg Erik , Dullum Ove 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe major combustion products from munitions containing nitro‐based propellants are water, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen. In addition, compounds including hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, methane, nitrogen oxides, benzene, acrylonitrile, toluene, furan, aromatic amines, benzopyrene, and various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are detected in minor concentrations. The literature shows that the thermodynamic prediction of the major decomposition products agrees fairly well with the measurements. However, poor agreement is found for the minor species. We have studied the thermal decomposition products of the main gunpowder ingredients. Each of the components nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine, and the nitrate ester stabilizers diphenylamine and ethyl centralite were thermally decomposed with ReaxFF reactive force field molecular dynamics and equilibrium thermodynamics. The molecular dynamics results for the major decomposition products from nitrocellulose were partly consistent with measurements. Compared to the thermodynamic calculations, the molecular dynamics simulations agreed considerably better with experimental results for minor species like hydrogen cyanide. The nitrate ester stabilizers are the main sources for ammonia and aromatic combustion products, whereas hydrogen cyanide is produced from nitrocellulose as well as from the stabilizers when gunpowder is combusted.
Binding mode analysis of a major T3SS translocator protein PopB with its chaperone PcrH from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Banerjee Anindyajit , Dey Supratim , Chakraborty Abhijit , Datta Aohona , Basu Abhishek , Chakrabarti Saikat , Datta Saumen 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTPseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram‐negative pathogen uses a specialized set of Type III secretion system (T3SS) translocator proteins to establish virulence in the host cell. An understanding of the factors that govern translocation by the translocator protein–chaperone complex is thus of immense importance. In this work, experimental and computational techniques were used to probe into the structure of the major translocator protein PopB from P. aeruginosa and to identify the important regions involved in functioning of the translocator protein. This study reveals that the binding sites of the common chaperone PcrH, needed for maintenance of the translocator PopB within the bacterial cytoplasm, which are primarily localized within the N‐terminal domain. However, disordered and flexible residues located both at the N‐ and C‐terminal domains are also observed to be involved in association with the chaperone. This intrinsic disorderliness of the terminal domains is conserved for all the major T3SS translocator proteins and is functionally important to maintain the intrinsically disordered state of the translocators. Our experimental and computational analyses suggest that a “disorder‐to‐order” transition of PopB protein might take place upon PcrH binding. The long helical coiled‐coil part of PopB protein perhaps helps in pore formation while the flexible apical region is involved in chaperone interaction. Thus, our computational model of translocator protein PopB and its binding analyses provide crucial functional insights into the T3SS translocation mechanism. Proteins 2014; 82:3273–3285. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.