bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realistic models of general-relativistic differentially rotating stars
Authors: Cassing Marie , Rezzolla Luciano 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
General-relativistic equilibria of differentially rotating stars are expected in a number of astrophysical scenarios, from core-collapse supernovae to the remnant of binary neutron-star mergers. The latter, in particular, have been the subject of extensive studies where they were modelled with a variety of laws of differential rotation with varying degree of realism. Starting from accurate and fully general-relativistic simulations of binary neutron-star mergers with various equations of state and mass ratios, we establish the time when the merger remnant has reached a quasi-stationary equilibrium and extract in this way realistic profiles of differential rotation. This allows us to explore how well traditional laws reproduce such differential-rotation properties and to derive new laws of differential rotation that better match the numerical data in the low-density Keplerian regions of the remnant. In this way, we have obtained a novel and somewhat surprising result: the dynamical stability line to quasi-radial oscillations computed from the turning-point criterion can have a slope that is not necessarily negative with respect to the central rest-mass density, as previously found with traditional differential-rotation laws. Indeed, for stellar models reproducing well the properties of the merger remnants, the slope is actually positive, thus reflecting remnants with angular momentum at large distances from the rotation axis, and hence with cores having higher central rest-mass densities and slower rotation rates.
The VISCACHA survey – X. A fast method to build completeness maps for Magellanic Clouds star clusters
Authors: Gardin João F , Santos João F C , Maia Francisco F S , Dias Bruno , Ferreira Bernardo P L , Bica Eduardo , Santrich Orlando J Katime , Souza Stefano O , Parisi Maria C , Rocha João P 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Photometric completeness affects the photometry of stars in crowded regions such as the cores of star clusters. Some analysis such as deriving the structural parameters of star clusters using radial density profile is heavily affected by photometric completeness and the classical techniques to map this completeness in a given field are very expensive computationally. In most surveys, for example, the large quantity of data makes it impracticable to estimate the completeness using the traditional method for the whole sample due to time and computational requirements. In this work, we present a new method that is significantly faster and results in similar completeness curves and maps as the traditional approach, providing a great first-step completeness estimator for a large sample of data. Using the completeness corrected data for each cluster we built radial density profiles improving significantly the inner portion of the profile; we also fitted the King model to them, determining the clusters’ structural parameters based on a more realistic cluster profile. In this preliminary analysis, we derived structural parameters for nine selected clusters covering a range of core radii (5–40 arcesc) and tidal radii (40–180 arcesc) and discuss how the photometric completeness affects the determination of these parameters when we count stars to trace the radial profile of a star cluster.
Modelling predicts a molecule-rich disc around the AGB star L2 Puppis
Authors: Van de Sande M , Walsh C , Danilovich T , De Ceuster F , Ceulemans T 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The nearby oxygen-rich AGB star L$_2$  Pup hosts a well-studied nearly edge-on disc. To date, discs around AGB stars have not been chemically studied in detail. By combining a parametrization commonly used for protoplanetary discs and archival ALMA observations, we retrieved an updated density and temperature structure of this disc. This physical model was then used as input to the first chemical model of an AGB disc. The model shows that the physical structure of the disc has a large impact on its chemistry, with certain species showing large changes in column density relative to a radial outflow, indicating that chemistry could be used as a tracer of discs that cannot be directly imaged. Despite its oxygen-rich nature, the daughter species formed within the disc are surprisingly carbon-rich. Two chemical regimes can be distinguished: cosmic-ray induced chemistry in the midplane and photochemistry induced by the interstellar radiation field in the outer regions. Certain complex organic molecules are formed in the midplane. This occurs via gas-phase chemistry only, as the disc is too warm for dust-gas chemistry. The photochemistry in the outer regions leads to the efficient formation of (long) carbon-chains. The predictions of the model allow us to tentatively put the disc’s age $\lesssim 10^5$ yr. Additional observations are necessary to better constrain the physical structure of L$_2$ Pup’s disc and are essential to test the predictions made by the chemical model. Our exploratory work paves the way for a more general study of the chemistry of AGB discs.
The optical spectropolarimetric behaviour of a selection of high-energy blazars
Authors: Barnard Joleen , van Soelen B , Acharya S , Böttcher M , Britto R J , Cooper J , Buckley D A H , Martin-Carrillo A , Vaidya B , van der Westhuizen I P , Zacharias M 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
At optical/ultraviolet energies, blazars display an underlying thermal (unpolarized) contribution from the accretion disc, torus, and line-emitting regions, diluting the polarized emission from the jet-component. Optical polarimetry can be used to disentangle the thermal and non-thermal components, and place constraints on the particle populations and acceleration mechanisms responsible for the non-thermal emission. We present the results of a linear optical spectropolarimetric observing campaign of 18 blazars (six BL Lac-type objects and 12 flat-spectrum radio quasars) undertaken with the Southern African Large Telescope between 2016 and 2022. This was done to observe these systems during flaring states, as well as long-term monitoring of PKS1510-089, AP Lib, and PKS 1034-293. The observations traced the frequency dependence of the degree and angle of polarization, as well as changes in the spectral line strengths. We investigated possible correlations between the polarization and other observed characteristics for the sources. While an indication of correlation was found between the frequency dependence and the average level of polarization for some sources, a correlation was not found for the population as a whole. These results highlight that continuous observations and in-depth modelling of polarization and its frequency dependence is required to obtain a more holistic view of TeV blazars.
Phase-separated ParB enforces diverse DNA compaction modes and stabilizes the parS-centered partition complex
Authors: Zhao Yilin , Guo Lijuan , Hu Jiaojiao , Ren Zhiyun , Li Yanan , Hu Meng , Zhang Xia , Bi Lulu , Li Dan , Ma Hanhui , Liu Cong , Sun Bo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The tripartite ParABS system mediates chromosome segregation in the majority of bacterial species. Typically, DNA-bound ParB proteins around the parS sites condense the chromosomal DNA into a higher-order multimeric nucleoprotein complex for the ParA-driven partition. Despite extensive studies, the molecular mechanism underlying the dynamic assembly of the partition complex remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that Bacillus subtilis ParB (Spo0J), through the multimerization of its N-terminal domain, forms phase-separated condensates along a single DNA molecule, leading to the concurrent organization of DNA into a compact structure. Specifically, in addition to the co-condensation of ParB dimers with DNA, the engagement of well-established ParB condensates with DNA allows for the compression of adjacent DNA and the looping of distant DNA. Notably, the presence of CTP promotes the formation of condensates by a low amount of ParB at parS sites, triggering two-step DNA condensation. Remarkably, parS-centered ParB-DNA co-condensate constitutes a robust nucleoprotein architecture capable of withstanding disruptive forces of tens of piconewton. Overall, our findings unveil diverse modes of DNA compaction enabled by phase-separated ParB and offer new insights into the dynamic assembly and maintenance of the bacterial partition complex.
Reactions to a Nicotine Reduction Policy Among Adolescents Who Smoke: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Reed Grace L , Colby Suzanne M , DiLorenzo Jasminette , Totten Julia , Tidey Jennifer W , Cassidy Rachel N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The Biden administration is pursuing a nicotine reduction policy in the United States to render cigarettes less addictive. In this study, we qualitatively investigated adolescents’ subjective responses to very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes, reasons for incomplete adherence to using them, and their expected responses to a nicotine reduction policy.

Aims and Methods
Adolescents who smoke cigarettes daily (ages 15–19; N = 60) were enrolled in a 3-week double-blind randomized clinical trial and assigned to smoke either normal nicotine content or VLNC research cigarettes. Following the trial, 52 participants completed qualitative interviews about their reactions to the cigarettes and to the idea of a nicotine reduction policy. We utilized a template-style approach to thematic analysis involving immersion in the data, codebook development with both inductive and deductive codes, and iterative refinement of themes.

Results
Reasons for incomplete adherence to smoking only research cigarettes focused on dislike for cigarette taste and lower satisfaction compared to usual brand cigarettes. Negative evaluations of research cigarettes were common across both groups. Many participants in both groups reported that they would decrease their smoking or quit entirely if the research cigarettes were the only ones legally available for purchase in the United States.

Conclusions
Adolescents may respond to a cigarette nicotine reduction policy by decreasing their cigarette smoking and eventually quitting. These findings suggest a need for public health strategies to reduce smoking initiation and progression in young people and to encourage cessation in the context of a nicotine reduction policy.

Implications
Participants’ negative subjective responses and challenges with research on cigarette adherence offer insight into factors that might influence young people’s reactions to a real-world nicotine reduction policy. Adolescents who smoke may increase their use of alternative tobacco products, especially e-cigarettes, if this policy were implemented. Specifically, themes identified across participant responses highlight important considerations for how such a policy might be implemented with specific attention to the unique smoking behaviors and needs of this vulnerable population.
A Comprehensive Study of Light Quality Acclimation in Synechocystis Sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Zavřel Tomáš , Segečová Anna , Kovács László , Lukeš Martin , Novák Zoltán , Pohland Anne-Christin , Szabó Milán , Somogyi Boglárka , Prášil Ondřej , Červený Jan , Bernát Gábor 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cyanobacteria play a key role in primary production in both oceans and fresh waters and hold great potential for sustainable production of a large number of commodities. During their life, cyanobacteria cells need to acclimate to a multitude of challenges, including shifts in intensity and quality of incident light. Despite our increasing understanding of metabolic regulation under various light regimes, detailed insight into fitness advantages and limitations under shifting light quality remains underexplored. Here, we study photo-physiological acclimation in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 throughout the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) range. Using light emitting diodes (LEDs) with qualitatively different narrow spectra, we describe wavelength dependence of light capture, electron transport and energy transduction to main cellular pools. In addition, we describe processes that fine-tune light capture, such as state transitions, or the efficiency of energy transfer from phycobilisomes to photosystems (PS). We show that growth was the most limited under blue light due to inefficient light harvesting, and that many cellular processes are tightly linked to the redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool, which was the most reduced under red light. The PSI-to-PSII ratio was low under blue photons, however, it was not the main growth-limiting factor, since it was even more reduced under violet and near far-red lights, where Synechocystis grew faster compared to blue light. Our results provide insight into the spectral dependence of phototrophic growth and can provide the foundation for future studies of molecular mechanisms underlying light acclimation in cyanobacteria, leading to light optimization in controlled cultivations.
The SMXL8-AGL9 module mediates crosstalk between strigolactone and gibberellin to regulate strigolactone-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple
Authors: An Jian-Ping , Zhao Lei , Cao Yun-Peng , Ai Di , Li Miao-Yi , You Chun-Xiang , Han Yuepeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Although the strigolactone (SL) signaling pathway and SL-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis have been reported, the molecular association between SL signaling and anthocyanin biosynthesis remains unclear. In this study, we identified the SL signal transduction pathway associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis and the crosstalk between gibberellin (GA) and SL signaling in apple (Malus × domestica). ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) acts as a key node integrating SL signaling and anthocyanin biosynthesis, and the SL-response factor AGAMOUS-LIKE MADS-BOX9 (AGL9) promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis by activating HY5 transcription. The SL signaling repressor SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1-LIKE8 (SMXL8) interacts with AGL9 to form a complex that inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis by downregulating HY5 expression. Moreover, the E3 ubiquitin ligase PROTEOLYSIS1 (PRT1) mediates the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of SMXL8, which is a key part of the SL signal transduction pathway associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, the GA signaling repressor REPRESSOR-of-ga1-3-LIKE2a (RGL2a) mediates the crosstalk between GA and SL by disrupting the SMXL8-AGL9 interaction that represses HY5 transcription. Taken together, our study reveals the regulatory mechanism of SL-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis and uncovers the role of SL-GA crosstalk in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple.
“You Will:” A Macroeconomic Analysis of Digital Advertising
Authors: Greenwood Jeremy , Ma Yueyuan , Yorukoglu Mehmet 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
An information-based model is developed where traditional and digital advertising finance the provision of free media goods and affect price competition. Digital advertising is directed toward specific consumers while traditional advertising is undirected. The equilibrium is suboptimal. Media goods, if valued by the consumer, are under provided with both types of advertising. Additionally, traditional advertising is excessive because it is undirected. The tax-cum-subsidy policy that overcomes these inefficiencies is characterized. The model is calibrated to the U.S. economy. Through the lens of the calibrated model, digital advertising increases welfare significantly. The welfare gain from the optimal policy is much smaller than the gain from digital advertising.
Different ectomycorrhizal fungal species impact poplar growth but not phosphorus utilization under low P supply
Authors: Shi Huili , Lipka Ulrike , Polle Andrea 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Tree growth is often limited by phosphorus (P) availability. The trade-off between P homeostasis and growth is unknown. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) facilitate P availability but this trait varies among different fungal species and isolates. Here, we tested the hypotheses that (i) colonization with EMF boosts plant growth under P-limited conditions and that (ii) the poplars show P homeostasis because increased P uptake is used for growth and not for P accumulation in the tissues. We used two P treatments (high phosphate [HP]: 64 μM Pi, low phosphate [LP]: 0.64 μM Pi in the nutrient solution) and four fungal treatments (Paxillus involutus MAJ, Paxillus involutus NAU, Laccaria bicolor dikaryon LBD, Laccaria bicolor monokaryon LBM) in addition to non-inoculated poplar plants (NI) to measure growth, biomass, gas exchange and P contents. High phosphate (HP) stimulated growth compared with LP conditions. Poplars colonized with MAJ, NAU and NI showed higher growth and biomass production than those with LBD or LBM. Photosynthesis rates of poplars with lower biomass production were similar to or higher than those of plants with higher growth rates. The tissue concentrations of P were higher under HP than LP conditions and rarely affected by ectomycorrhizal colonization. Under LP, the plants produced 44% greater biomass per unit of P than under HP. At a given P supply, the tissue concentration was stable irrespective of the growth rate indicating P homeostasis. Laccaria bicolor caused growth inhibition, irrespective of P availability. These results suggest that in young poplars distinct species-specific ectomycorrhizal traits overshadowed potential growth benefits.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell–derived exosomes effectively ameliorate the outcomes of rats with acute graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Wang Zhihong , Wei Hong , Li Yunfei , Chen Weimin , Lin Zhifeng , Lai Yiting , Ding Lingling , Zhang Leisheng , Zeng Huake 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reveal multifaceted immunoregulatory properties, which can be applied for diverse refractory and recurrent disease treatment including acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD). Distinguishing from MSCs with considerable challenges before clinical application, MSCs‐derived exosomes (MSC‐Exos) are cell‐free microvesicles with therapeutic ingredients and serve as advantageous alternatives for ameliorating the outcomes of aGVHD. MSC‐Exos were enriched and identified by western blotting analysis, NanoSight, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Bone marrow–derived MSCs (denoted as MSCs) and exosomes (denoted as MSC‐Exos) were infused into the aGVHD SD‐Wister rat model via tail vein, and variations in general growth and survival of rats were observed. The level of inflammatory factors in serum was quantized by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pathological conditions of the liver and intestine of rats were observed by frozen sectioning. The ratios of CD4+/CD8+ and Treg cell proportions in peripheral blood, together with the autophagy in the spleen and thymus, were analyzed by flow cytometry. After treatment with MSC‐Exos, the survival time of aGVHD rats was prolonged, the clinical manifestations of aGVHD in rats were improved, whereas the pathological damage of aGVHD in the liver and intestine was reduced. According to ELISA, we found that MSC‐Exos revealed ameliorative effect upon aGVHD inflammation (e.g., TNF‐α, IL‐2, INF‐γ, IL‐4, and TGF‐β) compared to the MSC group. After MSC‐Exo treatment, the ratio of Treg cells in peripheral blood was increased, whereas the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in peripheral blood and the autophagy in the spleen and thymus was decreased. MSC‐Exos effectively suppressed the activation of immune cells and the manifestation of the inflammatory response in the aGVHD rat model. Our data would supply new references for MSC‐Exo‐based “cell‐free” biotherapy for aGVHD in future.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals that NRF2 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching in abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Xiao Xiaoyong , Li Chenglin , Huang Xiaojia , Chen Guona , Huang Xiaoran , Song Feier , Zhou Yu , Liu Xincheng , Zhou Xueke , Meng Jinxiu , Bellou Abdelouahab , Zhong Lintao , Li Xin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life‐threatening disease characterized by extensive membrane destruction in the vascular wall that is closely associated with vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switching. A thorough understanding of the changes in regulatory factors during VSMC phenotypic switching is essential for managing AAA therapy. In this study, we revealed the impact of NRF2 on the modulation of VSMC phenotype and the development of AAA based on single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis. By utilizing a murine model of VSMC‐specific knockout of nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (NRF2), we observed that the absence of NRF2 in VSMCs exacerbated AAA formation in an angiotensin II‐induced AAA model. The downregulation of NRF2 promoted VSMC phenotypic switching, leading to an enhanced inflammatory response. Through genome‐wide transcriptome analysis and loss‐ or gain‐of‐function experiments, we discovered that NRF2 upregulated the expression of VSMC contractile phenotype‐specific genes by facilitating microRNA‐145 (miR‐145) expression. Our data identified NRF2 as a novel regulator involved in maintaining the VSMC contractile phenotype while also influencing AAA formation through an miR‐145‐dependent regulatory mechanism.
Clinical officers in Uganda
Authors: Schaefle Kenneth J. , Habimana Aloyse , Mhoza Gideon , Musominali Sam 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The clinical role of a clinical officer in Uganda is very similar to that of a physician associate/assistant in the United States. This article describes the qualifications and workforce role of clinical officers in Uganda, as well as their use in two primary care programs that provide effective, low-cost medical care to a growing population with an increasing burden of chronic disease.
Pharmacologic interventions for primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis
Authors: Garcia Ausberto Velasquez , Martini Liborio Ingala , Abache Andres Franco 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis is a multifactorial condition with a complex cause that affects patients across different age groups, impairing physiologic and psychologic well-being, and substantially reducing patient quality of life and overall productivity. To effectively manage this condition, healthcare providers need to be well informed about treatment guidelines, as well as the available therapeutic options and the evidence supporting their use. Nonsurgical interventions should be regarded as the primary treatment option, particularly for patients in the initial phases of this condition. No conclusive guidelines exist for treating young and active patients, and the literature lacks high-quality data to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and long-term consequences of several interventions, regardless of patient characteristics and expectations.
Travel medicine updates for the NP
Authors: Turner Leah , Hamilton Emily 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
This article provides an overview of the approach to preparing patients for travel, including travel counseling and risk mitigation through vaccination and chemoprophylaxis. Although some patients require referral for consultation with a travel medicine specialist, others can be managed by their primary care provider. In this article, traveler's diarrhea, updated travel-related immunizations, and malaria prophylaxis are discussed.