bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, swelling properties, and displacement performance of functional amphiphilic microspheres
Authors: Zhang Peng , Dong Yuanjun , Huang Wenzhang , Jia Zhenfu , Zhou Chengyu , Guo Maolei , Yu Haiyang 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTBecause polymers containing benzyl chloromethyl groups are easily modified for functional production, the dispersion polymerization of acrylamide, 4‐vinylbenzyl chloride, and N,N‐methylene bisacrylamide in dimethylformamide initiated with α,α‐azobisisobutyronitrile was carried out to produce amphiphilic microspheres containing benzyl chloromethyl groups. The structure of the amphiphilic microspheres was determined by IR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The polymerization conditions, the temperature, amount of crosslinking agent, and initiator included, were optimized. The size distribution of the microspheres after swelling equilibrium ranged from 4 to 62 μm. The swelling behavior of the microspheres was also investigated. The increase in temperature and the decrease in salinity caused a gradual increase in the swelling ratio. The prepared microspheres were transported uniformly in porous media when the permeability was 0.436 μm2. The oil displacement experiments indicated that amphiphilic microspheres had the ability to enhance oil recovery under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions but was more suitable for heterogeneous formation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41578.
Integral Operators in Relation to the HOSVD‐Based Canonical Form
Authors: Rövid András , Szeidl László , Várlaki Péter 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper describes the relation of the higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) based canonical form to the Hilbert‐Schmidt type integral operators. This connection between the canonical form of f(x) and the integral operators determined by function f(x) is important; on the one hand it gives a new aspect for the consideration of LPV models, and on the other hand it allows for the approximation of eigenfunctions and integral operators based on a numerical reconstruction of the canonical form.
An AAA–DDD Triply Hydrogen‐Bonded Complex Easily Accessible for Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Han Yi‐Fei , Chen Wen‐Qiang , Wang Hong‐Bo , Yuan Ying‐Xue , Wu Na‐Na , Song Xiang‐Zhi , Yang Lan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFor a complementary hydrogen‐bonded complex, when every hydrogen‐bond acceptor is on one side and every hydrogen‐bond donor is on the other, all secondary interactions are attractive and the complex is highly stable. AAA–DDD (A=acceptor, D=donor) is considered to be the most stable among triply hydrogen‐bonded sequences. The easily synthesized and further derivatized AAA–DDD system is very desirable for hydrogen‐bonded functional materials. In this case, AAA and DDD, starting from 4‐methoxybenzaldehyde, were synthesized with the Hantzsch pyridine synthesis and Friedländer annulation reaction. The association constant determined by fluorescence titration in chloroform at room temperature is 2.09×107 M−1. The AAA and DDD components are not coplanar, but form a V shape in the solid state. Supramolecular polymers based on AAA–DDD triply hydrogen bonded have also been developed. This work may make AAA–DDD triply hydrogen‐bonded sequences easily accessible for stimuli‐responsive materials.
Adjuvant therapy for node‐negative breast cancer: The use of prognostic factors in selecting patients
Authors: Winchester David P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPatients with invasive breast cancer and pathologically negative lymph nodes (NO) have a favorable 10‐year survival rate, particularly with small (<1 cm) primary tumors. Overall, however, 20% to 35% will experience recurrence with local therapy only. Adjuvant chemotherapy or tamoxifen have prolonged disease‐free survival (DFS), but not overall survival (OS). Unanswered questions of optimal end point (DFS or OS) and the risk of treating many to benefit few have prompted clinicians to use prognostic indicators to facilitate treatment recommendations. Currently, the most readily available and accurate information comes from TNM staging, pathologic features, and hormone receptors. Ploidy, S‐phase fraction, HER‐2‐neu amplification or over‐expression, and cathepsin‐D may be useful prognostic indices. Until a more precise system of weighing several prognostic variables is developed, the decision to recommend adjuvant systemic therapy in this generally good prognosis group will have to be thoughtfully considered by patient and physician. Whenever possible, patients should be encouraged to enter clinical trials.
Flow cytometric assessment of morphology, viability, and production of reactive oxygen species of Crassostrea gigas oocytes. Application to Toxic dinoflagellate (Alexandrium minutum) exposure
Authors: Le Goïc Nelly , Hégaret Hélène , Boulais Myrina , Béguel Jean‐Philippe , Lambert Christophe , Fabioux Caroline , Soudant Philippe 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas accounts for a large part of shellfish aquaculture production worldwide. Aspects of morphological and functional characteristics of oyster oocytes remain poorly documented, and traditional techniques, such as microscopic observations of shape or fertilization rate, are time and space consuming. The purpose of this study was to assess for the first time viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of Pacific oyster oocytes using flow cytometry (FCM) and to apply this method to determine oocyte responses to in vitro exposure to the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. A culture of A. minutum caused a significant increase in oocyte ROS production, which gradually increased with the age of the culture, but viability was not affected. Effect of the supernatant of the same A. minutum culture did not cause any significant modifications of oocyte morphology, viability, or ROS level. This study confirmed that some oocyte cellular characteristics can be assessed using FCM techniques. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
An empirical study on TCP flow interarrival time distribution for normal and anomalous traffic
Authors: Arshadi Laleh , Jahangir Amir Hossein 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we study the effects of anomalies on the distribution of TCP flow interarrival time process. We show empirically that despite the variety of data networks in size, number of users, applications, and load, the interarrival times of normal flows comply with the Weibull distribution, whereas specific irregularities (anomalies) causes deviations from the distribution. We first estimate the scale and shape parameters and then check the discrepancy of the data from a Weibull distribution with the estimated parameters. We also utilize the Weibull counting model to recheck the conformance of small flow interarrival times with the distribution. We perform our experiments on a diverse variety of traffic data sets from backbone connections to endpoints of academic and commercial networks. Moreover, we propose a window‐based anomaly detection method as a possible application of our findings in which we first estimate the Weibull parameters of interarrival times in each window and then check the discrepancy of the data with a Weibull distribution with the estimated parameters and set an alarm whenever the difference is significant. We apply this method on one of our data sets and present the results to clarify the idea and show its capability in detecting volume anomalies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of a Ribosyltriazole‐Annulated Cyclooctyne for Oligonucleotide Labeling by Strain‐Promoted Alkyne–Azide Cycloaddition
Authors: van Delft Pieter , de Witte Wilbert , Meeuwenoord Nico J. , van der Heden van Noort Gerbrand J. , Versluis Frank , Olsthoorn Rene C. L. , Overkleeft Herman S. , van der Marel Gijs A. , Filippov Dmitri V. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA ribosyltriazole ring‐fused cyclooctyne was prepared and converted into the corresponding phosphoramidite, which was applied in the automated synthesis of DNA and RNA oligomers. Ensuing strain‐promoted alkyne–azide cycloaddition of the obtained oligonucleotides to fluorescent azides yielded the corresponding fluorescent oligonucleotide conjugates.
Nitric oxide targets oligodendrocytes and promotes their morphological differentiation
Authors: Garthwaite Giti , Hampden‐Smith Kathryn , Wilson Gary W. , Goodwin David A. , Garthwaite John 
Published: October 2014

Main Points

NO stimulated oligodendrocyte cGMP accumulation in cerebellar and brainstem slices, and in cortical cultures.
In response, cultured oligodendrocytes underwent a morphological expansion, suggesting a role for NO/cGMP in activity‐dependent myelination.
The Mona Lisa effect: Neural correlates of centered and off‐centered gaze
Authors: Boyarskaya Evgenia , Sebastian Alexandra , Bauermann Thomas , Hecht Heiko , Tüscher Oliver 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Mona Lisa effect describes the phenomenon when the eyes of a portrait appear to look at the observer regardless of the observer's position. Recently, the metaphor of a cone of gaze has been proposed to describe the range of gaze directions within which a person feels looked at. The width of the gaze cone is about five degrees of visual angle to either side of a given gaze direction. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate how the brain regions involved in gaze direction discrimination would differ between centered and decentered presentation positions of a portrait exhibiting eye contact. Subjects observed a given portrait's eyes. By presenting portraits with varying gaze directions—eye contact (0°), gaze at the edge of the gaze cone (5°), and clearly averted gaze (10°), we revealed that brain response to gaze at the edge of the gaze cone was similar to that produced by eye contact and different from that produced by averted gaze. Right fusiform gyrus and right superior temporal sulcus showed stronger activation when the gaze was averted as compared to eye contact. Gaze sensitive areas, however, were not affected by the portrait's presentation location. In sum, although the brain clearly distinguishes averted from centered gaze, a substantial change of vantage point does not alter neural activity, thus providing a possible explanation why the feeling of eye contact is upheld even in decentered stimulus positions. Hum Brain Mapp 36:619–632, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The comparative study of multi‐site uncertainty evaluation method based on SWAT model
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Qiannan , Guo Binbin , Gong Huili 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWith the recent development of distributed hydrological models, the use of multi‐site observed data to evaluate model performance is becoming more common. Distributed hydrological model have many advantages, and at the same time, it also faces the challenge to calibrate over‐do parameters. As a typical distributed hydrological model, problems also exist in Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) parameter calibration. In the paper, four different uncertainty approaches – Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) techniques, Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE), Sequential Uncertainty Fitting algorithm (SUFI‐2) and Parameter Solution (PARASOL) – are taken to a comparative study with the SWAT model applied in Peace River Basin, central Florida. In our study, the observed river discharge data used in SWAT model calibration were collected from the three gauging stations at the main tributary of the Peace River. Behind these approaches, there is a shared philosophy; all methods seek out many parameter set to fit the uncertainties due to the non‐uniqueness in model parameter evaluation. On the basis of the statistical results of four uncertainty methods, difficulty level of each method, the number of runs and theoretical basis, the reasons that affected the accuracy of simulation were analysed and compared. Furthermore, for the four uncertainty method with SWAT model in the study area, the pairwise correlation between parameters and the distributions of model fit summary statistics computed from the sampling over the behavioural parameter and the entire model calibration parameter feasible spaces were identified and examined. It provided additional insight into the relative identifiability of the four uncertainty methods Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteoblastic mesenchymal stem cell sheet combined with Choukroun platelet‐rich fibrin induces bone formation at an ectopic site
Authors: Wang Zhifa , Weng Yanming , Lu Shengjun , Zong Chunlin , Qiu Jianyong , Liu Yanpu , Liu Bin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimsTo analyze the effects of platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and investigate in vivo bone formation by MSC sheets with PRF.Materials and MethodsCell proliferation and expression of osteogenesis‐related genes within MSC sheets were assessed upon exposure to PRF from the same donors. We then injected MSC sheet fragments with or without PRF subcutaneously in nude mice and assessed bone formation by micro‐computed tomography and histological analyses.ResultsPRF significantly stimulated MSC proliferation and osteogenesis in vitro. MSC sheets injected with or without PRF formed new bone, but those with PRF produced significantly more and denser bone.ConclusionsMSC sheets can be used to generate tissue engineered bone upon injection, and PRF increases the osteogenic capacity of MSC sheets in vitro and in vivo. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1204–1216, 2015.
Emotion Regulation Difficulties in Social Anxiety Disorder and Their Specific Contributions to Anxious Responding
Authors: Helbig‐Lang Sylvia , Rusch Silke , Lincoln Tania M. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveRecent theories emphasize the contribution of emotion regulation (ER) difficulties to psychopathology. The present study sought to identify patterns of ER difficulties in social anxiety disorder (SAD) and to test the predictive value of these difficulties for actual anxious responding during the anticipation of a social evaluative task.MethodParticipants diagnosed with SAD (n = 67) and healthy controls (n = 59) completed self‐ratings of ER difficulties (DERS) and depressive symptoms. This was followed by the announcement of an impromptu speech. During the anticipation period, subjective ratings of anxiety and arousal were assessed.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, SAD participants reported significantly higher levels of ER difficulties. With the exception of “lack of emotional awareness,” these differences remained significant when controlling for depression. ER difficulties also contributed to anxious responding during the stress test; but this held true only for nonclinical participants.ConclusionSAD is characterized by a wide range of ER deficits. However, the associations between ER difficulties and symptoms of anxiety remain poorly understood.
The Relationship Between Intentional Self‐Injurious Behavior and the Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potential in Research Volunteers
Authors: Marsic Angelika , Berman Mitchell E. , Barry Tammy D. , McCloskey Michael S. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveSerotonergic (5‐HT) functioning has been shown to be inversely associated with intentional self‐injurious behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between three related self‐report measures of intentional self‐injurious behaviors (suicidal thoughts/behavior, history of nonsuicidal self‐injury, history of severe self‐harm when angry) and a putative electrophysiological index of 5‐HT activity, the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potential (LDAEP).MethodAuditory evoked potentials were recorded from 41 men (mean age = 20.69, standard deviation [SD] = 2.98) during the administration of various tone loudness stimuli, followed by completion of the self‐report measures.ResultsThe component slope was associated with all measures of self‐injurious behavior in the expected direction.ConclusionThe LDAEP has the potential to be used as a noninvasive index of intentional self‐harm disposition. Additional studies are needed using other populations, including women and treatment‐seeking individuals, to determine if the LDAEP more broadly discriminates risk of self‐injuring.
Clopidogrel: A multifaceted affair
Authors: Martínez‐Quintana Efrén , Tugores Antonio 
Published: October 2014

AbstractClopidogrel has been the therapy of choice, combined with aspirin, against platelet aggregation in patients at risk of suffering a vascular thrombotic event. Not all patients respond equally to clopidogrel, an observation that has led to searching for a test that, in the clinical setting, could predict patients' “resistance” to therapy. The evidence reveals a complex pharmacokinetic profile for clopidogrel, with multiple players involved, including cytochromes, characteristics of the target tissue, and accompanying clinical conditions. Despite FDA black box warnings recommending CYP2C19 genotyping before clopidogrel use, no robust evidence indicates that CYP2C19 function determines clinical response to the drug, either based on the presence of loss of function alleles or drug interactions with CYP2C19 inhibitors, like omeprazole. A tailored anti‐aggregation treatment based on ex vivo platelet reactivity also seems unlikely due to the lack of robustness of most assays. The identification of clinical conditions that are at higher risk of new cardiovascular events, such as diabetes, obesity, coronary artery disease, or specific stenting procedures, seems to be a prudent approach to tailor anti‐platelet therapy with more powerful drugs, accompanied by careful counseling to promote patient compliance.
Effect of dehusked Garcinia kola seeds on the overall pharmacokinetics of quinine in healthy Nigerian volunteers
Authors: Igbinoba Sharon I. , Onyeji Cyprian O. , Akanmu Moses A. , Soyinka Julius O. , Pullela Srirama Sarma V.V. , Cook James M. , Nathaniel Thomas I. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe investigated the effect of concurrent ingestion of Garcinia kola seed on the pharmacokinetics of quinine. In a randomized crossover study, 24 healthy Nigerian volunteers were assigned into 2 groups (A and B; n = 12 per group) on the basis of G. kola dose orally ingested. Each subject received 600 mg quinine sulfate before and after ingesting 12.5 g of G. kola once daily for 7 days (group A) or 12.5 g twice daily for 6 days and once on the seventh day (group B). Blood samples were collected and analyzed for plasma quinine and its metabolite (3‐hydroxyquinine) using a validated high performance liquid chromatography method. Concurrent administration of quinine with G. kola reduced quinine tmax by 48% (group A), mean Cmax by 19% and 26% in groups A and B, respectively, and slight reduction in mean AUC0–∞ of quinine in both groups. 3‐hydroxyquinine Cmax also reduced by 29% and 32%; AUC0–∞ by 13% and 9%, respectively. The point estimates of the T/R ratio of the geometric means for all Cmax obtained and only the AUC0–∞ at a higher dose of G. kola were outside the 80%–125% bioequivalence range. In conclusion, an herb–drug interaction was noted with concurrent quinine and G. kola administration.
Transition metal oxide catalysts as an alternative for the oxidation of nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide: kinetic modelling at high space velocity
Authors: Tecchio Leonardo , Marín Pablo , Díez Fernando V , Ordóñez Salvador 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe oxidation of NO to NO2 is a key step in environmental pollution abatement techniques, such as ‘fast‐SCR’ or diesel engine catalytic traps. In both cases, the conversion of an important fraction of NO into NO2 is a key step. In this work, two commercially available transition metal oxide catalysts, CuMn and CuCr‐based, are studied as an alternative to noble metal catalysts (a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst is used as reference catalyst).RESULTSSteady NO conversion is obtained after the first 1–2 h of operation. The experiments, carried out in an isothermal fixed‐bed reactor operating at high space velocities (5.60 gcat min mol‐1, GHSVmonolith‐eq. = 83 000 h‐1) with 500 ppm NO and 20% oxygen, showed that the optimum operating temperature is 380 °C for the CuMn catalyst, 430 °C for the CuCr catalyst and 366 °C for a 0.5% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst.CONCLUSIONSThe CuMn catalyst performed very similarly to the 0.5% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst in the vicinity of 380 °C, being a good and cheaper alternative to noble metal catalysts. Kinetic measurements obtained under different conditions, e.g. 3.73–5.60 gcat min mol‐1 (GHSVmonolith‐eq. = 83 000–125 000 h‐1), 300–900 ppm NO, 1–20% oxygen concentration and 330–480 °C, have been found to fit a mechanistic kinetic model based on the reaction between gas nitrogen oxide and adsorbed oxygen. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Diabetic mastopathy: A diagnostic challenge in breast sonography
Authors: Moschetta Marco , Telegrafo Michele , Triggiani Vincenzo , Rella Leonarda , Cornacchia Ilaria , Serio Gabriella , Ianora Amato Antonio Stabile , Angelelli Giuseppe 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeOur purpose was to retrospectively evaluate the incidence and morphologic features of diabetic mastopathy in a group of patients with diabetes, searching for specific sonographic characteristics of diabetic mastopathy.MethodsOne hundred twenty diabetic patients underwent breast clinical examination, mammography, and sonography. All detected breast lesions were confirmed histopathologically.ResultsBreast lesions were found in 11 of the 120 patients (9%), including two cases of invasive ductal carcinomas and nine cases of diabetic mastopathy. In seven of those nine cases (77%), diabetic mastopathy appeared as a hypoechoic solid mass with irregular margins, inhomogeneous echotexture, and marked posterior shadowing. In the other two cases (23%), it appeared as a mildly inhomogeneous, hypoechoic solid mass.ConclusionsDiabetic mastopathy is a diagnostic challenge and needs to be suspected in all patients with diabetes mellitus. Imaging features are nonspecific and highly susggestive on breast sonography in most cases. Core‐needle biopsy confirmation remains mandatory for a definitive diagnosis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 43:113–117, 2015