bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pneumatic extrusion bioprinting-based high throughput fabrication of a melanoma 3D cell culture model for anti-cancer drug screening
Authors: de Villiers Maryke , Kotzé Awie F , du Plessis Lissinda H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The high incidence of malignant melanoma highlights the need for in vitro models that accurately represent the tumour microenvironment, enabling developments in melanoma therapy and drug screening. Despite several advancements in 3D cell culture models, appropriate melanoma models for evaluating drug efficacy are still in high demand. The 3D pneumatic extrusion-based bioprinting technology offers numerous benefits, including the ability to achieve high-throughput capabilities. However, there is a lack of research that combines pneumatic extrusion-based bioprinting with analytical assays to enable efficient drug screening in 3D melanoma models. To address this gap, this study developed a simple and highly reproducible approach to fabricate a 3D A375 melanoma cell culture model using the pneumatic extrusion-based bioprinting technology. To optimise this method, the bioprinting parameters for producing 3D cell cultures in a 96-well plate were adjusted to improve reproducibility while maintaining the desired droplet size and a cell viability of 92.13 ± 6.02%. The cross-linking method was optimised by evaluating cell viability and proliferation of the 3D bioprinted cells in three different concentrations of calcium chloride. The lower concentration of 50 mM resulted in higher cell viability and increased cell proliferation after 9 d of incubation. The A375 cells exhibited a steadier proliferation rate in the 3D bioprinted cell cultures, and tended to aggregate into spheroids, whereas the 2D cell cultures generally formed monolayered cell sheets. In addition, we evaluated the drug responses of four different anti-cancer drugs on the A375 cells in both the 2D and 3D cell cultures. The 3D cell cultures exhibited higher levels of drug resistance in all four tested anti-cancer drugs. This method presents a simple and cost-effective method of producing and analysing 3D cell culture models that do not add additional complexity to current assays and shows considerable potential for advancing 3D cell culture models’ drug efficacy evaluations.
Estimation of the injection criteria for magnetic hyperthermia therapy based on tumor morphology
Authors: Singh Amritpal , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Intratumoral multi-injection strategy enhances the efficacy of magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia therapy (MNPH). In this study, criteria for the selection of injections and their location depending on the tumor shape/geometry are developed. The developed strategy is based on the thermal dosimetry results of different invasive 3D tumor models during MNPH simulation. MNPH simulations are conducted on physical tumor tissue models encased within healthy tissue. The tumor shapes are geometrically divided into a central tumor region containing maximum tumor volume and a peripheral tumor portion protruding in any random direction. The concepts of core and invasive radius are used to geometrically divide the tumor volume. Primary & secondary injections are used to inject MNP fluid into these respective tumor regions based on the invasiveness of the tumor. The optimization strategy is devised based on the zone of influence of primary & secondary injection. Results indicate that the zone of influence of secondary injection lies between 0.7 and 0.8 times the radial distance between the center of the tumor core and branch node point (extreme far endpoint on the invasive tumor surface). Additionally, the multi-injection strategy is more effective when the protrusion volume exceeds

10
%

of the total volume. The proposed algorithm is used to devise multi-injection strategies for arbitrarily shaped tumors and will assist in pre-planning magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia therapy.
Validating Two Approaches to Measuring Anti-Intellectual Attitude Endorsement in Public-Opinion Surveys
Authors: Motta Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 provides a detailed, nontechnical effort to validate each of the two approaches the book takes to measuring anti-intellectual attitude endorsement in public-opinion surveys. One (more general) measure asks survey respondents to render judgments about experts and intellectuals, while another (narrower) measure probes Americans’ trust in scientific experts. The chapter puts forward a data-driven exploration of the different considerations Americans bring to mind when asked to evaluate the different types of experts referenced in each measurement approach (a content-validation exercise), whether or not people tend to earn similar scores across measures (convergent validation), and the extent to which each measure is associated with contemporary manifestations of anti-intellectualism in American public life (predictive validation). The chapter shows that although these two measures are substantively distinct they nevertheless share much in common and are both valid indicators of anti-intellectual attitude endorsement.
Enhancing specialization of attention-related EEG power and phase synchronism brain patterns by meditation
Authors: Han Yupeng , Du Lizhao , Huang Qiyun , Cui Donghong , Li Yuanqing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Meditation, mental training that aims to improve one’s ability to regulate their cognition, has been widely applied in clinical medicine. However, the mechanism by which meditation affects brain activity is still unclear. To explore this question, electroencephalogram data were recorded in 20 long-term meditators and 20 nonmeditators during 2 high-level cognitive tasks (meditation and mental calculation) and a relaxed resting state (control). Then, the power spectral density and phase synchronization of the electroencephalogram were extracted and compared between these 2 groups. In addition, machine learning was used to discriminate the states within each group. We found that the meditation group showed significantly higher classification accuracy and calculation efficiency than the control group. Then, during the calculation task, both the power and global phase synchronism of the gamma response decreased in meditators compared to their relaxation state; yet, no such change was observed in the control group. A potential explanation for our observations is that meditation improved the flexibility of the brain through neural plastic mechanism. In conclusion, we provided robust evidence that long-term meditation experience could produce detectable neurophysiological changes in brain activity, which possibly enhance the functional segregation and/or specialization in the brain.
Agent-based modelling of polarized news and opinion dynamics in social networks: a guidance-oriented approach
Authors: Liu Shan , Wen Hao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the contemporary social network landscape, opinion polarization has emerged as a prominent challenge, sparking concerns about the effective guidance of news sentiment and mitigation of opposing opinions. This is particularly pertinent in the intricate web of social networks, where complexity reigns supreme. Addressing this pivotal issue, this article introduces a news opinion guidance approach grounded in motif recognition. To accurately mirror real-world social networks, we have crafted an agent-based model that simulates polarized news propagation. This model encompasses diverse media agents and user agents, meticulously replicating the news dissemination process within the network. In our quest to unveil the underlying structures of social networks, we have enhanced the Augmented Multiresolution Network approach, incorporating multi-dimensional node attributes for more nuanced clustering and network mapping. This refinement enables us to pinpoint potential motif regions with greater precision. Leveraging these insights, we introduce a triangular motif-based opinion guidance strategy aimed at shaping opinion distribution by bolstering the influence of nodes within these motifs. Once the pertinent motifs are identified, we undertake simulation experiments that reveal the remarkable efficacy of our motif recognition-driven guidance strategy. Notably, it reduces opinion polarization by a substantial 74% compared to scenarios without guidance strategies. This research offers a fresh perspective on crafting personalized and targeted news sentiment guidance strategies. It presents a versatile and potent computational framework for understanding and managing polarization phenomena in social networks, carrying profound theoretical and practical ramifications.
Phenotypic variation and genetic diversity in European Alnus species
Authors: Gomes Marques Inês , Vieites-Blanco Cristina , Barrento Maria J , Semedo José N , Rodrigues Ana P , Scotti-Campos Paula , Martín M Angela , Solla Alejandro , David Teresa S , Rodríguez-González Patricia M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The recent taxonomic distinction between the European common alder species Alnus glutinosa and A. lusitanica strengthens the need for studies on phenotypic and genetic variation. Understanding such variations requires the use of populations encompassing the total latitudinal distribution and environmental envelope of the distribution range of A. glutinosa and A. lusitanica. This study aims to describe the genetic diversity and assess the phenology, morphology, physiology and biochemistry of alder seedlings from populations reaching out to the latitudinal extremes of both species. We grew 1579 2-year-old seedlings from seven A. glutinosa and six A. lusitanica populations in a common garden in Oeiras, Portugal. By using simple sequence repeat markers, two genetically distinct groups in A. glutinosa and three in A. lusitanica were identified. The species presented marked morphological and biochemical differences. The southern populations of A. lusitanica showed higher genetic diversity than A. glutinosa populations. Significant associations between four alleles from three loci, and one morphological and three biochemical traits were detected in several genetic groups from both alder species. Traits from southern populations of A. lusitanica were associated with low water availability. Inter-specific trait variation and association of traits with molecular markers suggest that A. lusitanica might have an adaptive advantage if subjected to drought and heat stressors. This study strengthens the recent taxonomical differentiation between the two species and emphasizes the need for preserving southern A. lusitanica populations and their genetic diversity in Mediterranean riparian corridors.
Spatial transcriptomics of gastric cancer brain metastasis reveals atypical vasculature strategies with supportive immune profiles
Authors: Liu Kaijing , Wang Ying , Wang Chunhua , Guo Chengcheng , Zhang Dun , Zhong Yu , Yin Lin , Lu Yunxin , Liu Furong , Zhang Yang , Zhang Dongsheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Gastric cancer brain metastasis (GCBM) represents a rare but highly aggressive malignancy. Metastatic cancer cells are highly heterogeneous and differentially remodels brain vasculature and immune microenvironments, which affects the treatment effectiveness and patient outcome. This study aimed to investigate the spatial interactions among different cell components, especially the vasculature system and the brain microenvironment of GCBM patients.

Methods
We used digital spatial profiling to examine 140 regions composing tumor, immune, and brain tissues from three GCBM patients. Transcriptomic data with spatial information were analyzed for tissue areas related to different blood recruitment strategies. For validation, independent analysis of patient bulk transcriptomic data and in vivo single-cell transcriptomic data were performed.

Results
Angiogenesis and blood vessel co-option co-existed within the same GCBM lesion. Tumors with high epithelial-mesenchymal transition and an enhanced transcriptomic gene signature composed of CTNNB1, SPARC, VIM, SMAD3, SMAD4, TGFB1, TGFB2, and TGFB3 were more prone to adopt blood vessel co-option than angiogenesis. Enriched macrophage infiltration, angiogenic chemokines, and NAMPT were found in angiogenic areas, while increased T cells, T cell activating cytokines, and reduced NAMPT were found in vessel co-option regions. Spatially, angiogenesis was enriched at the tumor edge, which showed higher DMBT1 expression than the tumor center.

Conclusions
This study mapped the orchestrated spatial characteristics of tumor and immunological compositions that support the conventional and atypical vascularization strategies in GCBM. Our data provided molecular insights for more effective combinations of anti-vascular and immune therapies.
Phenotypic relationships between meat quality parameters and residual feed intake in Japanese black Wagyu cattle
Authors: Guarnido-Lopez Pablo , Pinna Danielle , Maeda Yuma , Ogawa Yuichi , BenAouda Mohammed , Kohama Namiko , Fukushima Moriyuki , Nagaoka Shin-ichi , Kondo Naoshi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Japanese black Wagyu cattle are renowned for producing some of the world’s most highly valued and recognized beef with exceptional marbling. Therefore, the primary focus of genetic selection for Wagyu cattle has historically been on meat quality, particularly achieving high marbling levels. However, even when the price of the final product is high, production costs also remain high, especially considering that most of the feed has to be imported. The objective of this study was to evaluate phenotypic relationships between feed efficiency, specifically residual feed intake (RFI), as the most utilized efficiency index in cattle, and various meat quality parameters in Japanese black cattle in order to determine if a common phenotypic selection for these parameters could be feasible. For this, a total of 39 Wagyu cattle were evaluated for feed efficiency over their entire fattening period (900 d), with a focus on RFI as a key indicator. Animals were fed high-starch diets with vitamin A deprivation to achieve the desired marbling. Results revealed positive correlations between feed efficiency and meat quality in Wagyu cattle. Specifically, animals with higher feed efficiency exhibited superior meat quality traits, including firmness, marbling, and overall meat rating. When comparing the 20 most extreme RFI individuals (10 most and 10 least efficient), we observed that efficient RFI animals showed increased marbling levels (+13.2%, P = 0.05) and ranking quality (+12%, P = 0.06) of the meat. In conclusion, this research contributes to understanding the interplay between feed efficiency and meat quality in Japanese black Wagyu cattle. Phenotypic correlations observed suggest the possibility of incorporating RFI criteria into genetic selection programs without compromising the prized meat quality traits of Wagyu beef.
Mixed Couples, Mixed Attitudes: How Interracial Couples in Marketing Appeals Influence Brand Outcomes
Authors: Davis Nicole , Smith Rosanna K , Sevilla Julio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Interracial couples are increasingly featured in marketing messages, yet little is known about how their representation influences consumer behavior. Across six experiments (N = 4,956) and a field study on Facebook, interracial couples in marketing appeals enhance brand outcomes relative to monoracial dominant (i.e., White) couples, but decrease brand outcomes relative to monoracial nondominant (i.e., minority) couples. These effects stem from how the racial composition of dominant (vs. nondominant) members within a couple either amplifies or dilutes perceived warmth. Monoracial couples possess consistent stereotype attributes, with dominant (vs. nondominant) groups typically seen as lower in warmth. Thus, monoracial couple warmth is amplified: monoracial dominant couples are seen as less warm (i.e., negative amplification), and monoracial nondominant couples as warmer (i.e., positive amplification) than the individuals in the couple. Interracial couples possess inconsistent racial attributes, inducing stereotype dilution with intermediate levels of perceived warmth. Warmth drives brand outcomes above and beyond brand diversity, social desirability, and brand morality. Effects are moderated by consumers’ social dominance orientation and whether the monoracial dominant couple is nondominant along another dimension (i.e., sexual orientation). This work holds theoretical implications for stereotyping research and provides practical insight into multiracial marketing.
Of Balance in Mergers: The Judgment of the Court of Justice in Case C-376/20 P Commission v CK Telecoms
Authors: Calisti Daniele 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The judgment of the Court of Justice in CK telecoms is a seminal decision by which the Court reaffirmed and developed its earlier case-law on mergers under a new systematic framework, whose cornerstone is balance: the balance set by the Merger Regulation establishing a principle of neutrality between compatibility and incompatibility of any concentration with the internal market; the balance of probabilities that informs the standard of proof; the balance between the burden carried by the enforcer and that of the notifying parties on efficiencies; and the institutional balance between the Commission appraising concentrations and EU Courts carrying out judicial review.
Source–sink relationships during grain filling in wheat in response to various temperature, water deficit, and nitrogen deficit regimes
Authors: Fang Liang , Struik Paul C , Girousse Christine , Yin Xinyou , Martre Pierre 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Grain filling is a critical process for improving crop production under adverse conditions caused by climate change. Here, using a quantitative method, we quantified post-anthesis source–sink relationships of a large dataset to assess the contribution of remobilized pre-anthesis assimilates to grain growth for both biomass and nitrogen. The dataset came from 13 years of semi-controlled field experimentation, in which six bread wheat genotypes were grown at plot scale under contrasting temperature, water, and nitrogen regimes. On average, grain biomass was ~10% higher than post-anthesis above-ground biomass accumulation across regimes and genotypes. Overall, the estimated relative contribution (%) of remobilized assimilates to grain biomass became increasingly significant with increasing stress intensity, ranging from virtually nil to 100%. This percentage was altered more by water and nitrogen regimes than by temperature, indicating the greater impact of water or nitrogen regimes relative to high temperatures under our experimental conditions. Relationships between grain nitrogen demand and post-anthesis nitrogen uptake were generally insensitive to environmental conditions, as there was always significant remobilization of nitrogen from vegetative organs, which helped to stabilize the amount of grain nitrogen. Moreover, variations in the relative contribution of remobilized assimilates with environmental variables were genotype dependent. Our analysis provides an overall picture of post-anthesis source–sink relationships and pre-anthesis assimilate contributions to grain filling across (non-)environmental factors, and highlights that designing wheat adaptation to climate change should account for complex multifactor interactions.
Identifying and fitting eclipse maps of exoplanets with cross-validation
Authors: Hammond Mark , Lewis Neil T , Boone Sasha , Chen Xueqing , Mendonça João M , Parmentier Vivien , Taylor Jake , Bell Taylor , dos Santos Leonardo , Crouzet Nicolas , Kreidberg Laura , Radica Michael , Zhang Michael 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Eclipse mapping uses the shape of the eclipse of an exoplanet to measure its two-dimensional structure. Light curves are mostly composed of longitudinal information, with the latitudinal information only contained in the brief ingress and egress of the eclipse. This imbalance can lead to a spuriously confident map, where the longitudinal structure is constrained by out-of-eclipse data and the latitudinal structure is wrongly determined by the priors on the map. We present a new method to address this issue. The method tests for the presence of an eclipse mapping signal using k-fold cross-validation to compare the performance of a simple mapping model to the null hypothesis of a uniform disc. If a signal is found, the method fits a map with more degrees of freedom, optimizing its information content. The information content is varied by penalizing the model likelihood by a factor proportional to the spatial entropy of the map, optimized by cross-validation. We demonstrate this method for simulated data sets then apply it to three observational data sets. The method identifies an eclipse mapping signal for JWST MIRI/LRS observations of WASP-43b but does not identify a signal for JWST NIRISS/SOSS observations of WASP-18b or Spitzer Space Telescope observations of HD 189733b. It is possible to fit eclipse maps to these data sets, but we suggest that these maps are overfitting the eclipse shape. We fit a new map with more spatial freedom to the WASP-43b data set and show a flatter east–west structure than previously derived.
DNA cytosine methyltransferases differentially regulate genome-wide hypermutation and interhomolog recombination in Trichoderma reesei meiosis
Authors: Jovanska Lavernchy , Lin I-Chen , Yao Jhong-Syuan , Chen Chia-Ling , Liu Hou-Cheng , Li Wan-Chen , Chuang Yu-Chien , Chuang Chi-Ning , Yu Albert Chen-Hsin , Lin Hsin-Nan , Pong Wen-Li , Yu Chang-I , Su Ching-Yuan , Chen Yi-Ping , Chen Ruey-Shyang , Hsueh Yi-Ping , Yuan Hanna S , Timofejeva Ljudmilla , Wang Ting-Fang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Trichoderma reesei is an economically important enzyme producer with several unique meiotic features. spo11, the initiator of meiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs) in most sexual eukaryotes, is dispensable for T. reesei meiosis. T. reesei lacks the meiosis-specific recombinase Dmc1. Rad51 and Sae2, the activator of the Mre11 endonuclease complex, promote DSB repair and chromosome synapsis in wild-type and spo11Δ meiosis. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) perform multiple tasks in meiosis. Three DNMT genes (rid1, dim2 and dimX) differentially regulate genome-wide cytosine methylation and C:G-to-T:A hypermutations in different chromosomal regions. We have identified two types of DSBs: type I DSBs require spo11 or rid1 for initiation, whereas type II DSBs do not rely on spo11 and rid1 for initiation. rid1 (but not dim2) is essential for Rad51-mediated DSB repair and normal meiosis. rid1 and rad51 exhibit a locus heterogeneity (LH) relationship, in which LH-associated proteins often regulate interconnectivity in protein interaction networks. This LH relationship can be suppressed by deleting dim2 in a haploid rid1Δ (but not rad51Δ) parental strain, indicating that dim2 and rid1 share a redundant function that acts earlier than rad51 during early meiosis. In conclusion, our studies provide the first evidence of the involvement of DNMTs during meiotic initiation and recombination.