bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient neurological symptoms in the older population: report of a prospective cohort study—the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (CFAS)
Authors: Mavaddat Nahal , Savva George M , Lasserson Daniel S , Giles Matthew F , Brayne Carol , Mant Jonathan 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTransient ischaemic attack (TIA) is a recognised risk factor for stroke in the older population requiring timely assessment and treatment by a specialist. The need for such TIA services is driven by the epidemiology of transient neurological symptoms, which may not be caused by TIA. We report prevalence and incidence of transient neurological symptoms in a large UK cohort study of older people.DesignLongitudinal cohort studySettingThe Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Aging Study (CFAS) is a population representative study based on six centres across England and Wales.ParticipantsRandom samples of people in their 65th year were obtained from Family Health Service Authority lists. The participation rate was 80% (n=13 004). Interview at baseline included questions about stroke and three transient neurological symptoms, repeated in a subsample after 2 years. Patients were flagged for mortality.Main outcome measuresPrevalence and 2-year incidence of transient neurological symptoms.ResultsIn 11 903 participants without a history of stroke, 271 (2.3%) reported transient problems with speech, 872 (7.6%) with sight and 596 (5.1%) weakness in a limb with 1456 (12.7%) reporting at least one symptom. Of those reinterviewed (n=6748), 675 (9.8%) reported at least one symptom over 2 years.ConclusionsLifetime prevalence and incidence of transient neurological symptoms in people aged 65 years and over is high and is substantially greater than the incidence of TIA in hospital-based and population-based studies. These high rates of transient neurological symptoms in the community in the older population should be considered when planning TIA services.
A parallel-group, randomised controlled trial of a multimedia, self-directed, coping skills training intervention for patients with cancer and their partners: design and rationale
Authors: Lambert Sylvie D , Girgis Afaf , McElduff Patrick , Turner Jane , Levesque Janelle V , Kayser Karen , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Shih Sophy T F , Barker Daniel 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionCoping skills training interventions have been found to be efficacious in helping both patients and their partners manage the physical and emotional challenges they face following a cancer diagnosis. However, many of these interventions are costly and not sustainable. To overcome these issues, a self-directed format is increasingly used. The efficacy of self-directed interventions for patients has been supported; however, no study has reported on the outcomes for their partners. This study will test the efficacy ofCoping-Together—a multimedia, self-directed, coping skills training intervention for patients with cancer and their partners.Methods and analysisThe proposed three-group, parallel, randomised controlled trial will recruit patients diagnosed in the past 4 months with breast, prostate, colorectal cancer or melanoma through their treating clinician. Patients and their partners will be randomised to (1) a minimal ethical care (MEC) condition—selected Cancer Council New South Wales booklets and a brochure for the Cancer Council Helpline, (2)Coping-Togethergeneric—MEC materials, the sixCoping-Togetherbooklets and DVD, the Cancer Council Queensland relaxation audio CD and login to theCoping-Togetherwebsite or (3)Coping-Togethertailored—MEC materials, theCoping-TogetherDVD, the login to the website and only thoseCoping-Togetherbooklet sections that pertain to their direct concerns. Anxiety (primary outcome), distress, depression, dyadic adjustment, quality of life, illness or caregiving appraisal, self-efficacy and dyadic and individual coping will be assessed before receiving the study material (ie, baseline) and again at 3, 6 and 12 months postbaseline. Intention-to-treat and per protocol analysis will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the relevant local area health and University ethics committees. Study findings will be disseminated not only through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations but also through educational outreach visits, publication of lay research summaries in consumer newsletters and publications targeting clinicians.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000491763 (03/05/2013)
Glaciomarine sedimentation dynamics of the Abbot glacial trough of the Amundsen Sea Embayment shelf, West Antarctica
Authors: Hochmuth Katharina , Gohl Karsten 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Sedimentary sequences of the continental shelf of the eastern Amundsen Sea Embayment in West Antarctica represent records of past outlet glaciers and ice streams. The former flow of ice streams was channelled through glacial troughs, which now form large bathymetric depressions. We therefore selected one of the largest troughs, the Abbot glacial trough in the outer shelf, to analyse its glacial depositional and erosional history, based on horizon-stratigraphy derived from seismic data. Several basement highs channellized the delivery of sediment and controlled the grounded ice sheet in early glacial periods. Both pre-glacial and full glacial seismic facies were identified. Glacially transported and deposited sediments extended the shelf break by 75 km from the pre-glacial shelf-edge. The main Abbot glacial trough contains sediment from confluent ice flows of the Pine Island/Thwaites, Cosgrove and Abbot Glacier systems, as well as smaller contributions from local ice streams emanating from Thurston Island. Sherman Island of Peacock Sound played an important role in the dynamics of the Abbot Glacier by dividing the ice flow into two ice streams, which interfered with the main glacial sediment transport paths from the south. This study contributes to an understanding of the formation of the Amundsen Sea shelf and the extent of past ice sheet advances.
Thermal-aware sensor scheduling for distributed estimation
Authors: Forte Domenic , Srivastava Ankur 
Published: July 2013

A sensor network is a distributed system where sensor nodes autonomously collect local data and collaborate to solve global problems. Recent work has shown that sensor functionality varies with node temperature. Extreme temperatures can decrease node/network lifetime by leading to premature hardware failure and reducing battery capacity. Furthermore, high temperatures can increase sensor measurement noise and disrupt communication between overheated sensor nodes, thereby interfering with their ability to contribute valuable information to collaborative tasks.
In the past, sensor networks only consisted of low-end devices with limited power, computational capabilities, and available bandwidth. Such devices would only experience high temperatures in harsh environments. However, sensor networks are now envisioned for applications that require higher-end devices, such as smart cameras, smart phones, and laptops. The power dissipated by such devices is much larger than low-end sensors and can create thermal emergencies in sensor hardware even in calm environments. In this article, we present unique management opportunities for distributed estimation tasks in sensor networks consisting of high-end devices prone to thermal issues. We attempt to balance both thermal- and performance-related constraints by examining trade-offs between sensor sampling rate, number of sensors, node temperature, and state estimation error. Initially, we devise a scheduling algorithm which can achieve a desired real-time performance constraint while maintaining a thermal limit on temperature assuming identical nodes in the network. Then, we extend the concept to a network consisting of heterogeneous sensor nodes. Analytical results and simulation experiments are done for state estimation with a Kalman filter for simplicity, but our main contributions should easily extend to any form of estimation with measurable error. Results show that our policies can successfully balance the trade-offs between thermal- and performance-related constraints.
Note that our analyses, schemes, and results are less applicable to low-end sensors whose operation does not cause high node temperature. This work is most suited for high-performance sensors and upper-tier sensors which experience greater workloads.
Transseptal Conduction as an Important Determinant for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy, as Revealed by Extensive Electrical Mapping in the Dyssynchronous Canine Heart
Authors: Strik Marc , van Deursen Caroline J.M. , van Middendorp Lars B. , van Hunnik Arne , Kuiper Marion , Auricchio Angelo , Prinzen Frits W. 
Published: July 2013

Background—
Simple conceptual ideas about cardiac resynchronization therapy assume that biventricular (BiV) pacing results in collision of right and left ventricular (LV) pacing–derived wavefronts. However, this concept is contradicted by the minor reduction in QRS duration usually observed. We investigated the electric mechanisms of cardiac resynchronization therapy by performing detailed electric mapping during extensive pacing protocols in dyssynchronous canine hearts.

Methods and Results—
Studies were performed in anesthetized dogs with acute left bundle-branch block (LBBB, n=10) and chronic LBBB with tachypacing-induced heart failure (LBBB+HF, n=6). Activation times (AT) were measured using LV endocardial contact and noncontact mapping and epicardial contact mapping. BiV pacing reduced QRS duration by 21±10% in LBBB but only by 5±12% in LBBB+HF hearts. Transseptal impulse conduction was significantly slower in LBBB+HF than in LBBB hearts (67±9 versus 44±16 ms, respectively), and in both groups significantly slower than transmural LV conduction (≈30 ms). In both groups QRS duration and vector and the epicardial AT vector amplitude and angle were significantly different between LV and BiV pacing, whereas the endocardial AT vector was similar. During variation of atrioventricular delay while LV pacing, and ventriculo-ventricular delay while BiV pacing, the optimal hemodynamic effect was achieved when epicardial AT and QRS vectors were minimal and endocardial AT vector indicated LV preexcitation.

Conclusions—
Due to slow transseptal conduction, the LV electric activation sequence is similar in LV and BiV pacing, especially in failing hearts. Optimal hemodynamic cardiac resynchronization therapy response coincides with minimal epicardial asynchrony and QRS vector and LV preexcitation.
Is There an Association Between Clinical Presentation and the Location and Extent of Myocardial Involvement of Cardiac Sarcoidosis as Assessed by
18
F- Fluorodoexyglucose Positron Emission Tomography?
Authors: Mc Ardle Brian A. , Birnie David H. , Klein Ran , de Kemp Rob A. , Leung Eugene , Renaud Jennifer , DaSilva Jean , Wells George A. , Beanlands Rob S. , Nery Pablo B. 
Published: July 2013

Background—

Positron emission tomography using
18
F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is an emerging modality for diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). We compared the location and degree of FDG uptake in CS patients presenting with either advanced atrioventricular block (AVB) or ventricular tachycardia (VT).

Methods and Results—

We included consecutive patients who presented with either AVB or VT with a diagnosis of CS. A cohort of patients with clinically silent CS was included as controls. FDG activity was quantified as standardized uptake values (SUV) and both the overall mean left ventricular (LV) SUV as well as the Maximum Mean Segmental SUV was recorded for each patient. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify cutoff SUV values that best identified patients with VT. A total of 27 patients with CS were included (13 females; mean age, 56±8 years; 8 VT, 12 AVB, and 7 controls). Both mean LV SUV and Max SUV in CS patients presenting with VT were significantly higher compared with those with AVB (mean SUV: VT median 5.33, range 4.7–9.35 versus AVB median 2.48, range 0.86–8.59,
P
=0.016; max SUV: VT median 11.07, range 9.24–14.4 versus AVB median 5.63, range 3.42–15.71,
P
=0.005) and compared with controls. There was no significant difference in SUV values between AVB patients and controls. ROC analysis for identification of patients with VT showed AUCs of 0.93 and 0.895 for a mean LV SUV of >3.42 and a max SUV >8.56, respectively (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
CS patients with VT displayed significantly higher FDG uptake when compared with those with AVB and asymptomatic controls. Further prospective studies are required to evaluate this finding.
A New Wall Shear Stress Model for Atmospheric Boundary Layer Simulations
Authors: Hultmark Marcus , Calaf Marc , Parlange Marc B. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
A new wall shear stress model to be used as a wall boundary condition for large-eddy simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer is proposed. The new model computes the wall shear stress and the vertical derivatives of the streamwise velocity component by means of a modified, instantaneous, and local law-of-the-wall formulation. By formulating a correction for the modeled shear stress, using experimental findings of a logarithmic region in the streamwise turbulent fluctuations, the need for a filter is eliminated. This allows one to model the wall shear stress locally, and at the same time accurately recover the correct average value. The proposed model has been applied to both unique high Reynolds number experimental data and a suite of large-eddy simulations, and compared to previous models. It is shown that the proposed model performs equally well or better than the previous filtered models. A nonfiltered model, such as the one proposed, is an essential first step in developing a universal wall shear stress model that can be used for flow over heterogeneous surfaces, studies of diurnal cycles, or analyses of flow over complex terrain.
Imaging in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): an update with particular emphasis on MRI
Authors: Damasio Maria Beatrice , Horatio L Tantum de , Boavida P , Lambot-Juhan K , Rosendahl K , Tomà P , Muller LS Ording 
Published: July 2013

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous condition encompassing all forms of chronic arthritis of unknown origin and with onset before 16 years of age. During the last decade new, potent therapeutic agents have become available, underscoring the need for accurate monitoring of therapeutic response on both disease activity and structural damage to the joint. However, so far, treatment efficacy is based on clinical ground only, although clinical parameters are poor markers for disease activity and progression of structural damage. Not so for rheumatoid arthritis patients where the inclusion of radiographic assessment has been required by FDA to test the disease-modifying potential of new anti-rheumatic drugs. In imaging of children with JIA there has been a shift from traditional radiography towards newer techniques such as ultrasound and MRI, however without proper evaluation of their accuracy and validity. We here summarize present knowledge and discuss future challenges in imaging children with JIA.
Biomarker evaluation of self-reported condom use among women in HIV-discordant couples
Authors: Mose F , Newman LP , Njunguna R , Tamooh H , John-Stewart G , Farquhar C , Kiarie J 
Published: July 2013

Summary Self-reported condom use is a commonly collected statistic, yet its use in research studies may be inaccurate. We evaluated this statistic among women in HIV-discordant couples enrolled in a clinical trial in Nairobi, Kenya. Vaginal swabs were acquired from 125 women and tested for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a biomarker for semen exposure, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ten (10%) of 98 women who reported 100% use of condoms in the previous month tested PSA positive. In a bivariate logistic regression analysis, among women who reported 100% condom use in the previous month, those with ≤8 years of school had significantly higher odds of testing PSA-positive (odds ratio [OR] = 8.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–69.13) than women with more schooling. Our estimate may be conservative, as the ability to detect PSA may be limited to 24–48 hours after exposure. Less educated women may be a target group for counselling regarding reporting sexual behaviour in clinical trials.
Current treatment methods for combination antiretroviral therapy-induced lipoatrophy of the face
Authors: Kadouch J A , van Rozelaar L , Karim R B , Hoekzema R 
Published: July 2013

Summary Combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) reduces the mortality and morbidity in HIV-infected patients. However, facial lipoatrophy (FLA) is one of the well-known side-effects of this treatment and subsequently imposes major problems for HIV-infected patients. In the last decade, ample experience has been obtained with both local therapeutic options as well as possible systemic treatment options. Soft tissue fillers are a relatively simple and efficient treatment option for FLA. Especially, the biodegradable semi-permanent fillers combine a good effect with durability and an acceptable safety profile. The best way to prevent or restrict the development of FLA remains the exclusion of thymidine analogue nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors from the CART schedule.
Sharply rising prevalence of HIV infection in Bali: a critical assessment of the surveillance data
Authors: Januraga P P , Wulandari L P L , Muliawan P , Sawitri S , Causer L , Wirawan D N , Kaldor J M 
Published: July 2013

Summary This study critically examines serological survey data for HIV infection in selected populations in Bali, Indonesia. Sero-survey data reported by the Bali Health Office between 2000 and 2010 were collated, and provincial health staff were interviewed to gain a detailed understanding of survey methods. Analysis of time series restricted to districts that have used the same sampling methods and sites each year indicates that there has been a steady decline in HIV prevalence among prisoners, from 18.7% in 2000 to 4.3% in 2010. In contrast, HIV prevalence among women engaged in sex work increased sharply: from 0.62% in 2000 to 20.2% in 2010 (brothel based), and from 0% in 2000 to 7.2% in 2010 (non-brothel based). The highest prevalence was recorded among people who injected drugs. Recent surveys of gay men and transvestites also found high prevalences, at 18.7% and 40.9%, respectively. Review of the methodology used in the surveys identified inconsistencies in the sampling technique, sample numbers and sites over time, and incomplete recording of individual information about survey participants. Attention to methodological aspects and incorporation of additional information on behavioural factors will ensure that the surveillance system is in the best position to support prevention activities.
Survival in systemic lupus erythematosus, 1995–2010. A prospective study in a Danish community
Authors: Voss A , Laustrup H , Hjelmborg J , Junker P 
Published: July 2013

Objective The objective of this paper is to investigate survival and causes of death in a Danish lupus population. Methods Two hundred and fifteen SLE patients (94% Caucasians) were followed prospectively for up to 16 years. Thirty-eight patients died. Survival rate and causes of death were analysed. Results Overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 2.2. Peak values were recorded for patients aged 20–29 (SMR 21.1). Cumulated survival rates at one, five, 10 and 15 years were 98.6%, 93.6%, 86.5% and 73.0%, respectively. The most common causes of death were cardiovascular events (32%), respiratory system disease (16%) and malignancies (13%). Deaths due to infections and active SLE were rare and predominated within the first seven years after diagnosis and before age 40, while cardiovascular deaths prevailed after 20 years’ follow-up. Conclusion This study shows that despite progress in lupus management, including direct access to specialized hospital care and increased use of hydroxychloroquine, mortality in lupus patients is still increased. Main causes of death were active disease and infections among the young and newly diagnosed, while cardiovascular deaths prevailed in longstanding disease.
The effects of a UK review of Breast Cancer Screening on Uptake: An observational before/after study
Authors: Taylor-Phillips Sian , O'Sullivan Emma , Kearins Olive , Parsons Helen , Clarke Aileen 
Published: July 2013

Objectives To measure whether uptake of breast cancer screening was affected by the publication of the Marmot Review and associated press coverage. Setting Eight NHS breast screening centres in the West Midlands of the UK. Methods Uptake of breast cancer screening invitations was compared in the week before and after the Marmot review publication. All 12,023 women invited for screening between 23 October 2012 and 5 November 2012 were included. A mixed effects model of the predictors of screening uptake (on date invited, or within 21 days) was created. Predictors considered for inclusion were whether the allocated screening appointment was before or after publication of the review, population factors (age, index of multiple deprivation income domain by quintile, previous attendance), and interaction terms. Results Uptake decreased after publication of the review from 65% to 62% (OR = 0.87 95%CI = 0.80–0.94), but a similar decrease was seen for the same dates on the previous year (OR = 0.85 95%CI = 0.78–0.93). Odds of attending screening were lower for women in the most deprived (uptake = 49%, OR = 0.54, 95%CI = 0.46–0.62) in comparison with the least deprived quintile (uptake = 71%). Odds of attendance also increased if the woman had ever previously attended (OR 3.9 95% CI 3.5–4.4), and decreased with each year of increasing age (OR 0.96 95% CI 0.96–0.97). There were no interactions between any of the other predictors and whether the appointment was before or after publication of the Marmot review. Conclusion No change in uptake of breast cancer screening above normal seasonal variation was detected after publication of the Marmot review.
Opinions of People Who Self-Identify With Autism and Asperger’s on DSM-5 Criteria
Authors: Linton Kristen Faye , Krcek Taylor E. , Sensui Leonard M. , Spillers Jessica L. H. 
Published: July 2013

Purpose: Autistic disorder (AD), Asperger’s syndrome (AS), and pervasive developmental disorder–not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) have been removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth Edition ( DSM-5). It now contains the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. This study assessed how people with AD and AS felt about the DSM-5 ASD criteria. Method: Phenomenological analysis of discussion forum dialogue among participants ( N = 76) with AD and AS was conducted. Results: Discussions demonstrated agreement that the PDD-NOS diagnosis should be removed from the DSM-5. People with AD and AS were concerned about the inclusion of medical or neurobiological research, functioning, reciprocity, and gender bias in the ASD diagnosis. Discussion: Social workers should acknowledge the feelings of people with AD and AS when they use the DSM-5.