bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Note on Planarity Stratification of Hurwitz Spaces
Authors: Ongaro Jared , Shapiro Boris 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOne can easily show that any meromorphic function on a complex closed Riemann surface can be represented as a composition of a birational map of this surface to ℂℙ2and a projection of the image curve froman appropriate pointp∊ ℂℙ2to the pencil of lines throughp. We introduce a natural stratiûcation of Hurwitz spaces according to the minimal degree of a plane curve such that a given meromorphic function can be represented in the above way and calculate the dimensions of these strata. We observe that they are closely related to a family of Severi varieties studied earlier by J. Harris, Z. Ran, and I. Tyomkin.
The Effect of Selected Human Resource Management Practices on Employees' Job Satisfaction in Ethiopian Public Banks
Authors: Ijigu Amare Werku 
Published: February 2015

Most of the research has been conducted in the job satisfaction of employees’ on employees job related outcomes but there is little well comprehensive research done that shows the influence of HRM practices on the satisfaction of employees towards a job.This study is correlational type of research design which is aimed to describe or ascertain if there are significant associations between selected HRM practices and employees’ job satisfaction.In addition to Correlation and Regression, Descriptive statistics, frequencies and percentages were utilized to analyze the data. Interpretation is made on the mean, frequency, and percentage of the data and summarized by bar graphs and pie charts.The study result has implied that recruitment and selection is found to have moderate but positive correlation with employees’ job satisfaction and the remaining, training and development, performance appraisal and compensation package found to have strong positive correlation with employees’ job satisfaction. Moreover, the regression result shows that recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal and compensation package have a significant positive impact on job satisfaction.Each HRM practices in the banks should be a source for employees’ satisfaction and then employees will be loyal and willing to stay in those organizations (Banks) because, employees’ satisfaction on the job will reduce absenteeism and turn over intentions in public banks.
Asymmetric Pass-Through in U.S. Gasoline Prices
Authors: Chesnes Matthew 
Published: February 2015

This paper presents new evidence of asymmetric pass-through, the notion that upward cost shocks are passed through faster than downward cost shocks, in U.S. gasoline prices. Much of the extant literature comes to seemingly contradictory conclusions about the existence and causes of asymmetry, though the differences may be due to different aggregation (both over time and geographic markets) and the use of different price series including crude oil, wholesale, and retail gasoline prices. I utilize a large and detailed dataset to determine where evidence of a passthrough asymmetry exists, and how it depends on the aggregation and price series chosen by the researcher. Using the error correction model, I find evidence of pass-through asymmetry based on spot, rack and retail prices, though the largest effect is found in the rack to retail relationship. I find more asymmetry in branded prices compared with unbranded prices, consistent with a consumer search explanation for asymmetry. However, I also find evidence consistent with explanations based on market power as the magnitude of asymmetry is positively associated with retail concentration. On average, retail prices rise three to four times as fast as they fall.
Automating the Simulation of SME Processes through a Discrete Event Parametric Model
Authors: Aggogeri Francesco , Faglia Rodolfo , Mazzola Marco , Merlo Angelo 
Published: February 2015

At the factory level, the manufacturing system can be described as a group of processes governed by complex weaves of engineering strategies and technologies. Decision-making processes involve a lot of information, driven by managerial strategies, technological implications and layout constraints. Many factors affect decisions, and their combination must be carefully managed to determine the best solutions to optimize performances. In this way, advanced simulation tools could support the decisional process of many SMEs. The accessibility of these tools is limited by knowledge, cost, data availability and development time. These tools should be used to support strategic decisions rather than specific situations. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed that aims to facilitate the simulation of manufacturing processes by fast modelling and evaluation. The idea is to realize a model that is able to be automatically adapted to the user's specific needs. The model must be characterized by a high degree of flexibility, configurability and adaptability in order to automatically simulate multiple/heterogeneous industrial scenarios. In this way, even a SME can easily access a complex tool, perform thorough analyses and be supported in taking strategic decisions. The parametric DES model is part of a greater software platform developed during COPERNICO EU funded project.
RSE et DD, des mythes de substitution pour les entreprises de Service Public en réseau
Authors: Delpuech Corinne 
Published: February 2015

Cette recherche met en parallèle le déclin du concept de service public (SP) et de la montée en puissance des concepts de responsabilité sociétale de l’entreprise (RSE) et de développement durable (DD) en France. Elle s’appuie sur la théorie néo-institutionnelle (TNI), appliquée à l’étude de deux cas : La Poste et GDF SUEZ. Elle montre que dans les groupes dépositaires d’une mission de SP, le concept de RSE-DD est un mythe rationalisé de substitution, qui s’institutionnalise pour permettre de retrouver une légitimité cognitive et normative, légitimité écornée lors du passage du modèle de SP au modèle marchand.
Carbon dynamics of the Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean
Authors: Brown Peter J. , Jullion Loïc , Landschützer Peter , Bakker Dorothee C. E. , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Meredith Michael P. , Torres‐Valdés Sinhue , Watson Andrew J. , Hoppema Mario , Loose Brice , Jones Elizabeth M. , Telszewski Maciej , Jones Steve D. , Wanninkhof Rik 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe accumulation of carbon within the Weddell Gyre and its exchanges across the gyre boundaries are investigated with three recent full‐depth oceanographic sections enclosing this climatically important region. The combination of carbon measurements with ocean circulation transport estimates from a box inverse analysis reveals that deepwater transports associated with Warm Deep Water (WDW) and Weddell Sea Deep Water dominate the gyre's carbon budget, while a dual‐cell vertical overturning circulation leads to both upwelling and the delivery of large quantities of carbon to the deep ocean. Historical sea surface pCO2 observations, interpolated using a neural network technique, confirm the net summertime sink of 0.044 to 0.058 ± 0.010 Pg C yr−1 derived from the inversion. However, a wintertime outgassing signal similar in size results in a statistically insignificant annual air‐to‐sea CO2 flux of 0.002 ± 0.007 Pg C yr−1 (mean 1998–2011) to 0.012 ± 0.024 Pg C yr−1 (mean 2008–2010) to be diagnosed for the Weddell Gyre. A surface layer carbon balance, independently derived from in situ biogeochemical measurements, reveals that freshwater inputs and biological drawdown decrease surface ocean inorganic carbon levels more than they are increased by WDW entrainment, resulting in an estimated annual carbon sink of 0.033 ± 0.021 Pg C yr−1. Although relatively less efficient for carbon uptake than the global oceans, the summertime Weddell Gyre suppresses the winter outgassing signal, while its biological pump and deepwater formation act as key conduits for transporting natural and anthropogenic carbon to the deep ocean where they can reside for long time scales.
A link between solar events and congenital malformations: Is ionizing radiation enough to explain it?
Authors: Overholt Andrew C. , Melott Adrian L. , Atri Dimitra 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCosmic rays are known to cause biological effects directly and through ionizing radiation produced by their secondaries. These effects have been detected in airline crews and other specific cases where members of the population are exposed to above average secondary fluxes. Recent work has found a correlation between solar particle events and congenital malformations. In this work we use the results of computational simulations to approximate the ionizing radiation from such events as well as longer‐term increases in cosmic ray flux. We find that the amounts of ionizing radiation produced by these events are insufficient to produce congenital malformations under the current paradigm regarding muon ionizing radiation. We believe that further work is needed to determine the correct ionizing radiation contribution of cosmogenic muons. We suggest that more extensive measurements of muon radiation effects may show a larger contribution to ionizing radiation dose than currently assumed.
Accumulation of permanent deformation during earthquake cycles on reverse faults
Authors: Simpson Guy 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA two‐dimensional viscoelastic finite element model with a discrete stick‐slip thrust fault is used to investigate tectonic strain accumulation and release associated with repetitive earthquakes. Results show that although interseismic and coseismic motions are opposite in sign, they generally do not completely cancel each other over a seismic cycle, as normally presumed in elastic rebound theory. Complete elastic strain release adjacent to dip‐slip faults is inhibited by gravity, so that permanent deformation accumulates in the lithosphere with time. In the models, this permanent deformation is observed at the surface as large‐scale upwarping of a hanging wall anticline and depression of an adjacent footwall foreland basin. The results are supported by observation of similar features adjacent to reverse faults in active collisional mountain belts and along the coastal margin of some modern subduction zones.
Shallow crustal mechanics from volumetric strain data: Insights from Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat
Authors: Young N. K. , Gottsmann J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractVolumetric strain data from the 29 July 2008 Vulcanian explosion of the Soufrière Hills Volcano provide an excellent opportunity to probe the mechanical properties of the volcanic edifice and the shallow crust beneath Montserrat. We use Finite Element Analysis to constrain the geometry of the shallow plumbing system as well as edifice and crustal mechanical properties for mechanically plausible pressure drops associated with dilatational volumetric strains recorded during the explosive activity. Our results from both forward and inverse models indicate a conduit radius of ∼40 m and a length of ∼1500 m, and hence much larger conduit dimensions than previously suggested. In order to fit the syneruptive volumetric strain data for a conduit pressure drop of <10 MPa, the conduit needs to be surrounded by a halo of mechanically compliant rocks for which the best fit models indicate a width of ∼600 m and a Young's modulus of ∼1 GPa. Young's moduli for the main edifice and the shallow crust up to ∼1000 m below sea level are found to be ∼10 GPa. Our best fit inverse model predicts a syneruptive radial conduit contraction by 0.24 m with a corresponding volume loss of ∼0.1 Mm3, implying only partial emptying of the conduit upon the explosion. This study demonstrates the critical role of edifice and shallow crustal mechanics for strain partitioning on Montserrat. Our findings may have implications for the assessment of conduit processes at other dome‐building volcanoes.
Postearthquake relaxation evidence for laterally variable viscoelastic structure and water content in the Southern California mantle
Authors: Pollitz Fred F. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractI reexamine the lower crust and mantle relaxation following two large events in the Mojave Desert: the 1992 M7.3 Landers and 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquakes. Time series from continuous GPS sites out to 300 km from the ruptures are used to constrain models of postseismic relaxation. Crustal motions in the Mojave Desert region are elevated above background for several years following each event. To account for broadscale relaxation of the lower crust and mantle, the Burgers body model is employed, involving transient and steady state viscosities. Joint afterslip/postseismic relaxation modeling of the GPS time series up to one decade following the Hector Mine earthquake reveals a significant rheological contrast between a northwest trending “southwest domain” (that envelopes the San Andreas fault system and western Mojave Desert) and an adjacent “northeast domain” (that envelopes the Landers and Hector Mine rupture areas in the central Mojave Desert). The steady state viscosity of the northeast domain mantle asthenosphere is inferred to be ∼4 times greater than that of the southwest domain. This pattern is counter to that expected for regional heat flow, which is higher in the northeast domain, but it is explicable by means of a nonlinear rheology that includes dependence on both strain rate and water concentration. I infer that the southwest domain mantle has a relatively low steady state viscosity because of its high strain rate and water content. The relatively low mantle water content of the northeast domain is interpreted to result from the continual extraction of water through igneous and volcanic activity over the past ∼20 Myr.
Constructing new seismograms from old earthquakes: Retrospective seismology at multiple length scales
Authors: Entwistle Elizabeth , Curtis Andrew , Galetti Erica , Baptie Brian , Meles Giovanni 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIf energy emitted by a seismic source such as an earthquake is recorded on a suitable backbone array of seismometers, source‐receiver interferometry (SRI) is a method that allows those recordings to be projected to the location of another target seismometer, providing an estimate of the seismogram that would have been recorded at that location. Since the other seismometer may not have been deployed at the time at which the source occurred, this renders possible the concept of “retrospective seismology” whereby the installation of a sensor at one period of time allows the construction of virtual seismograms as though that sensor had been active before or after its period of installation. Here we construct such virtual seismograms on target sensors in both industrial seismic and earthquake seismology settings, using both active seismic sources and ambient seismic noise to construct SRI propagators, and on length scales ranging over 5 orders of magnitude from ∼40 m to ∼2500 km. In each case we compare seismograms constructed at target sensors by SRI to those actually recorded on the same sensors. We show that spatial integrations required by interferometric theory can be calculated over irregular receiver arrays by embedding these arrays within 2‐D spatial Voronoi cells, thus improving spatial interpolation and interferometric results. The results of SRI are significantly improved by restricting the backbone receiver array to include approximately those receivers that provide a stationary‐phase contribution to the interferometric integrals. Finally, we apply both correlation‐correlation and correlation‐convolution SRI and show that the latter constructs fewer nonphysical arrivals.
Shoreline variability from days to decades: Results of long‐term video imaging
Authors: Pianca C. , Holman R. , Siegle E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe present work characterizes the time‐space scales of variability and forcing dependencies of a unique 26 year record of daily to hourly shoreline data from a steep beach at Duck, North Carolina. Shoreline positions over a 1500 m alongshore span were estimated using a new algorithm called ASLIM based on fitting the band of high light intensity in time exposure images to a local Gaussian fit, with a subsequent Kalman filter to reduce noise and uncertainty. Our findings revealed that the shoreline change at long times scales dominates seasonal variability, despite that wave forcing had only 2% variance at interannual frequencies. The shoreline response presented 66% of the variance at interannual scales. These results were not expected since from wave forcing it would have been expected that the shoreline response should similarly lack interannual variability, but we found it to be dominated by this scale. The alongshore‐mean shoreline time series revealed no significant annual cycle. However, there are annual oscillations in the shoreline response that are coherent with wave forcing and deserves further explanations. The pier was found to have a significant influence on shoreline behavior since restricts the seasonal longshore transport between the sides, resulting in a seasonally reversing sediment accumulation. Thus, there is a significant annual peak in shoreline variability that is coherent with the annual forcing but becomes insignificant in the longshore‐average.
A vertical gradient of nitrous oxide below the subsurface of the Canada Basin and its formation mechanisms
Authors: Zhan Liyang , Chen Liqi , Zhang Jiexia , Li Yuhong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe ocean is regarded as a significant source of N2O, which is an ozone‐depleting greenhouse gas. However, the contribution of the Arctic Ocean to the global N2O budget is not yet known. Herein, the first observations of N2O concentrations in the Canada Basin (CB) and Greenland Sea Basin (GSB) are presented. A correlation between the historic atmospheric N2O record and N2O concentrations at the corresponding depth in the GSB suggests that the N2O distribution pattern is dominated by air‐sea exchanges and hydrographic processes in this region. The consistency between the observed N2O concentrations in the CB and calculated results based on the above correlation suggest that the N2O concentrations in the CB are most likely dominated by N2O dynamics and subsequent hydrographic processes in the sea adjacent to the GSB. The N2O concentration in the Canada Basin Intermediate Water (CBIW) reflects anthropogenic influences, whereas the N2O concentration in the Canada Basin Deep Water (CBDW) suggests that the CBDW may be a preindustrial “relict.”
Investigation of interbasin exchange and interannual variability in Lake Erie using an unstructured‐grid hydrodynamic model
Authors: Niu Qianru , Xia Meng , Rutherford Edward S. , Mason Doran M. , Anderson Eric J. , Schwab David J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInterbasin exchange and interannual variability in Lake Erie's three basins are investigated with the help of a three‐dimensional unstructured‐grid‐based Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of grid resolutions and different sources of wind forcing on the lake dynamics. Based on the calibrated model, we investigated the sensitivity of lake dynamics to major external forcing, and seasonal climatological circulation patterns are presented and compared with the observational data and existing model results. It was found that water exchange between the western basin (WB) and the central basin (CB) was mainly driven by hydraulic and density‐driven flows, while density‐driven flows dominate the interaction between the CB and the eastern basin (EB). River‐induced hydraulic flows magnify the eastward water exchange and impede the westward one. Surface wind forcing shifts the pathway of hydraulic flows in the WB, determines the gyre pattern in the CB, contributes to thermal mixing, and magnifies interbasin water exchange during winter. Interannual variability is mainly driven by the differences in atmospheric forcing, and is most prominent in the CB.
Ocean salinity changes in the northwest Pacific subtropical gyre: The quasi‐decadal oscillation and the freshening trend
Authors: Nan Feng , Yu Fei , Xue Huijie , Wang Ran , Si Guangcheng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOcean salinity changes play an important role in modulating ocean and climate variability. Analyses of the repeating observations along PN, TK, and 137°E sections reveal that both surface and subsurface salinity in the Northwest Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) had clear quasi‐decadal oscillation (QDO) of ∼10 year and a sustained freshening trend during 1987–2012. Surface salinity in the NPSG troughed in 1989, 1999, and 2008, and peaked in 1993, and 2003. The peak‐to‐tough range of surface salinity oscillation can reach 0.3 psu. Meanwhile, surface salinity decreased about 0.10 psu from 1987 to 2012 with a freshening trend of −0.0042 psu yr−1. These surface salinity anomalies were subducted into the subsurface layer mainly in the ventilated zone along the Kuroshio Extension, and advected over the NPSG. The QDO of the subsurface salinity maximum (Smax) lagged that of the surface salinity by about 1∼2 years. Both the peak‐to‐tough range of the Smax oscillation (0.15 psu) and its freshening trend (−0.0036 psu yr−1) are smaller than those of the surface salinity. Salinity changes in the NPSG likely began in the mid‐1970s associated with the North Pacific regime shift during 1976/1977. Analyses of mixed layer salinity budget indicated that air‐sea freshwater flux change in the NPSG is the leading factor controlling the surface salinity anomalies, while change of large‐scale ocean circulation (Geostrophic advection) also plays a minor role. Salinity and air‐sea freshwater flux changes in the NPSG are all closely related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, indicating the large‐scale ocean‐atmosphere interaction.
Retrieving the refractive index, emissivity, and surface temperature of polar sea ice from 6.9 GHz microwave measurements: A theoretical development
Authors: Lee Sang‐Moo , Sohn Byung‐Ju 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA new method for retrieving the refractive index, horizontally and vertically polarized emissivities (εH, εV), and temperature of sea ice has been developed by using the “combined Fresnel equation,” which combines two Fresnel‐polarized reflectivity equations into one. By using low‐frequency 6.9 GHz brightness temperature measurements, the full microwave radiative transfer equation was simplified so that the atmospheric influence on the horizontally and vertically polarized brightness temperatures (TH, TV) can be ignored, and thus εH/εV = TH/TV. Since εH can be expressed by εV according to the combined Fresnel equation (or vice versa), εH and εV can directly be retrieved from TH/TV. The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–Earth Observing System (AMSR‐E) measurements based on the developed method indicate that retrieved εV is close to 1, regardless of region and season, which is consistent with the theoretically expected value of εV near the Brewster angle (close to AMSR‐E viewing angle of 55°). This finding strongly suggests that εH and εV hold the same degree of accuracy because εH/εV = TH/TV. Such expected accuracy can also be applied to associated sea ice temperature and refractive index retrievals. Likewise, the close agreement of retrieved sea ice temperature with in situ measurement at the ice surface suggests that emissivity and refractive index retrievals are also sound. Some caveats of this approach for the surface temperature over the area including open water are discussed.