bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The (r)evolutionary artist book
Authors: White Tony 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This article discusses the history of the artist book in the last decades of the twentieth century and into the twenty-first century. The author will make a case that the artist book, as a genre within contemporary art, is primarily a twentieth-century phenomenon, linked to pre-Internet economics of production and distribution. This article includes relevant discussion of the semantics and rhetoric of artists’ books following Diane Vanderlip’s first use of the phrase ‘Artists Books’ in 1973. In the 1980s, with the advent of desktop publishing and what-you-see-is-what-you-get (WYSIWYG) design software, a paradigm shift occurred with respect to independent design and prepress production. Also at this time the on-going innovations in home printer technologies increased access to and awareness of book publishing by graphic designers, and any others with creative ideas and an interest in independent publishing. With the launch of the World Wide Web in the 1990s, the genre was further transformed. Through this transformation artist book production moved from a local publishing phenomenon to one that was global and inclusive of independent publishing by artists, designers and others. New modes of production including print-on-demand and virtual bookshops further democratized access to independent publishing by anyone.
The bias of the question posed: a diagnostic “invisible gorilla”
Authors: Zamir Ehud 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Posing a question can introduce a powerful bias into the diagnostic process. A clinical case is presented to demonstrate how a colleague’s diagnostic question can focus the clinicians’ attention on one detail, distracting and blinding them even to the most obvious and important clinical findings. This “inattentional blindness” is similar to the phenomenon demonstrated by Simons in the famous “invisible gorilla” psychological experiment. As much as practical, clinicians should attempt to assess referred patients independently before considering previous clinical information; including the question/s they were asked.
The Impact of Natural Disasters on Critical Infrastructures: A Domino Effect-based Study
Authors: Kadri Farid , Birregah Babiga , Châtelet Eric 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRecent events show a significant increase in the number of disasters with natural and/or technological causes, which could have potentially serious consequences for critical infrastructures. Were these infrastructures to fail or be destroyed, the resulting cascade effect (chain of accidents) could lead to catastrophic damage and affect not only the plants, but also people, the environment and the economy. This rise in the number of disasters over the years is due to industrial and human activity as well as society’s sensitivity to major events (hazards). The construction of industrial complexes brings with it stocks of hazardous substances, increased transport infrastructure (road, railways, shipping and pipelines), a rise in population and its concentration, malicious behavior and human error. This paper presents a methodology for carrying out risk assessments on critical infrastructure through the analysis of cascade effects. The proposed methodology can be used to provide critical infrastructures with greater protection and to limit/mitigate the extent of the damage caused by their failure. The paper ends with a conclusion and as series of proposal for improving such an analysis.
Preparation of optimal feedstock for low-pressure injection molding of Al/SiC nanocomposite
Authors: Ghanbari Arezoo , Alizadeh Masoud , Ghasemi Ebrahim , Rad Rahim Yazdani , Ghaffari Somaye 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This study aims to prepare optimal feedstock for fabrication of Al/SiC nanocomposites by the low-pressure injection molding technique. For this purpose, micron-sized aluminum and nanosized SiC powders were mixed with different amounts of the binder consisting of 89 wt% paraffin wax, 9 wt% bees wax, and 2 wt% stearic acid. Rheometry analyses as well as the Weir model were utilized to determine the optimal feedstock with the desired rheological properties and high homogeneity. Considering powder to binder ratios, shear sensitivity, flow activation energy, and homogeneity within the rheometry analyses, the feedstock of 78 wt% powder loading is selected as the optimal sample for injection molding. Investigation of optimal feedstock by the scanning electron microscopy technique also verified the high homogeneity of this feedstock. In addition, it was observed that all of the feedstocks had thixotrop behavior.
„Niemals mit der PDS“?
Authors: Holzhauser Thorsten 
Published: June 2014

Vorspann
„Keine Ausschließeritis mehr“, sagte die Generalsekretärin der SPD im November 2013. Ihre Partei sei in vier Jahren für eine Koalition mit der Linkspartei bereit. Damit nähert sich ein Grundsatzstreit seinem Ende, der die Sozialdemokratie seit dem Mauerfall in Atem hielt. Thorsten Holzhauser, Historiker aus Mainz, analysiert die kontroverse Debatte in der SPD-Führung über den Umgang mit der SED-Nachfolgepartei vor 2000. Er zeigt dabei auf der Basis neuer Quellen, dass sich in dieser Frage nicht einfach ost- und westdeutsche Genossen gegenüberstanden. Die Differenzen gingen quer durch die Partei, und sie betrafen einen ganz wunden Punkt: die alte antikommunistische Tradition der SPD, die in den Augen vieler Sozialdemokraten gewahrt werden sollte, während sie von jenen angefochten wurde, die sich neue Machtoptionen davon versprachen.
Die deutsche Geschichte in den Zeitbögen des 20. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Doering-Manteuffel Anselm 
Published: June 2014

Vorspann
Kann man die Geschichte Deutschlands im 20. Jahrhundert auch anders schreiben? Muss man sich bei der Konzeptualisierung wirklich immer an die Zäsuren der politischen Geschichte halten? Auf der Suche nach Alternativen präsentiert Anselm Doering-Manteuffel das Modell von Zeitbögen, das es erlaubt, den Verlauf der deutschen Geschichte seit 1900 neu zu strukturieren – ein kühnes Modell und eine intellektuelle Herausforderung, der sich die Zunft wird stellen müssen.
Helmut Kohl und die Währungsunion
Authors: Loth Wilfried 
Published: June 2014

Vorspann
Seitdem die Finanzkrise voll auf den Euro-Raum durchgeschlagen ist, vergeht fast kein Tag, an dem nicht über die Zukunft der europäischen Währung spekuliert wird. Dabei geraten zumeist die Anfänge des Euro aus dem Blick, die bis in die 1980er Jahre zurückreichen. Die langwierige Debatte über die Vertiefung der europäischen Integration überschnitt sich 1989/90 mit dem Prozess der Vereinigung der deutschen Staaten, und es war diese Koinzidenz, die wiederholt zu Spekulationen Anlass gab, der Verzicht auf die D-Mark und die Zustimmung der Bundesregierung zur Einführung des Euro sei der Preis für die deutsche Einheit gewesen. Wilfried Loth stellt diese Spekulationen auf den Prüfstand und leistet so einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Vorgeschichte der Gegenwart.
Der „Fall Theodor Eschenburg“ und das Institut für Zeitgeschichte
Authors: Woller Hans , Zarusky Jürgen 
Published: June 2014

Vorspann
Theodor Eschenburg ist nicht der erste IfZ-Repräsentant, der wegen seiner Vergangenheit in die Kritik geriet; vor ihm standen bereits Martin Broszat und Hans Rothfels im Zentrum leidenschaftlicher Debatten. Das Institut für Zeitgeschichte bemüht sich seit langem um einen offenen Umgang mit solchen „Fällen“. Hans Woller und Jürgen Zarusky, die beiden hauptverantwortlichen Redakteure der Vierteljahrshefte, nehmen deshalb den jüngst publizierten Beitrag von Udo Wengst über Eschenburg genau unter die Lupe. Ihr Appell für eine kritische Revision der alten Eschenburg-Bilder ist zugleich ein Plädoyer für ein umfassendes Forschungsprojekt zur Geschichte des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte.
Nützliche Nähe zu Hitler
Authors: Feiber Albert A. 
Published: June 2014

Vorspann
Geld stinkt doch, zumal wenn es von Nationalsozialisten stammt. Diese Erfahrung machte auch die CSU-nahe Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung, die 1983 geerbt hatte und 2012 im „Spiegel“ lesen musste, dass die Erblasser „Alte Kämpfer“ gewesen waren. Was tun? Die Stiftung beauftragte das Institut für Zeitgeschichte, den Dingen auf den Grund zu gehen, was Albert A. Feiber mit größter Umsicht und Akribie auch tat. Das Ergebnis liegt nun vor - es ist so eindeutig, dass die Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung ungesäumt die Konsequenzen zog.
Philip Larkin, Solitary Man: From Splendid Isolation to Remorse and Fear
Authors: Krahé Peter 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper analyses the development of the theme of solitude in the work of Philip Larkin, one of the most popular English poets of the post-war era, in his poems and letters covering a period of thirty years. In his lifetime, the “best poet laureate we never had” was often considered as the “Hermit of Hull,” due to his well-known reluctance to socialise. Over the period of his productive life, Larkin weighs the aspects of solitude, togetherness, and gregariousness. His poems reflect how the early wish to be alone as a precondition for his creativity gives way to an unwilling acceptance of conviviality and, finally, the blank fear of isolation and death, as expressed in his last great published poem, “Aubade.” It is shown that as his creativity dwindles away, Larkin grudgingly acknowledges his daily work as a librarian, once described as the ‘toad work,’ as a stabilising force in his life.
“To Make a History From This Kind of Material is Not Easy”: The Narrative Construction of Cultural History in Contemporary Fiction
Authors: Wallraven Miriam 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In a postmodern understanding of textuality, fact and fiction can no longer be regarded as opposites; in this context, Hayden White’s studies of fictional techniques in historical texts have initiated an interdisciplinary discussion about the significance of fictional narration as a meaningful cultural technique. The narrative reconstruction of the history of lost civilisations and earlier cultures also plays a central role in contemporary literature in English. The historiographical search for the reality of the lives of earlier oral cultures and the attempt to provide academic interpretations of such cultures in order to explain the past structure novels such as Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, Jane Yolen’s Sister Light, Sister Dark, and Doris Lessing’s The Cleft. By analysing the different textual layers and narrative forms of these novels, the difficulties of a historiographical reconstruction of lost cultures in the medium of fiction are highlighted and the ambivalent truth claims of academic discourse become apparent. These novels illustrate how the integration and negotiation of historiography in fictional literature creates a tension-fraught discursive network of different competing voices that sheds light on the complex processes of cultural meaning-making.
Antiferroelectric-Like and Large Pyroelectric Behaviors of an Organic Compound: (S)-(+)-4-{[(1-Methylheptyl)Oxy]Carbonyl}Phenyl-4-(Hexyloxy)Benzoate
Authors: Niu Xiao-Ling , Liu Wei-Guo , Liu Peng 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Until now, the studies of anti-ferroelectric and pyroelectric property were focused on inorganic materials and some anti-ferroelectric liquid crystals. In this work, we reported an organic compound: (S)-(+)-4-{[(1-methylheptyl)oxy]carbonyl}phenyl-4-(hexyloxy)benzoate, that was discovered to exhibit antiferroelectric-like and large pyroelectric behaviors near the phase transitions. Its electrical properties were investigated by dielectric, pyroelectric, and P-E hysteresis loop spectra. The maximum value obtained for the pyroelectric coefficient p was 384 nC cm−2 k−1. The material is promising in the field of thermal-electrical switch or pyroelctric detection.
Box-Cox Transformation Approach for Evaluating Non-Normal Processes Capability Based on theCpkIndex
Authors: Wu C. H. , Lin S. J. , Yang D. L. , Pearn W. L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn manufacturing quality control and operations management, the process yield plays an important role. The capability index Cpk provides a lower bound on the process yield under the assumption that the process characteristic is normally distributed. When the normality assumption is violated, we can transform the non-normal data into normal data by using an appropriate transformation approach. In this paper, we consider the Box-Cox transformation and compare two estimation methods including the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and the method of percentiles (MOP). The performance comparison is based on the coverage rate, the precision, and the accuracy of the process non-conformity percentage evaluation. For various sample sizes and various distributions, several figures are presented to compare these two methods.
Prediction of the Vertical Swelling Percentage of Expansive Clays Using a Two-Stage Artificial Neural Networks Methodology
Authors: Bekhor Shlomo , Livneh Moshe 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), which are used in many different areas, have been applied to predict the vertical swelling percentage of expansive clays. In contrast to previous models that estimated ANN Models in a single phase, this paper proposes an alternative analysis in based on the following two-stage operation: (a) conducting an ANN analysis on the swelling-pressure test results (i.e., the ASTM 4546 Method C test results) to obtain the swelling-pressure model for any given clay characteristics, and (b) performing an additional ANN analysis on the swelling-percentage test results (i.e., the ASTM 4546 Method B test results), including the former ones, with the given independent variables of the clay characteristics. This second stage includes a defined expression containing the given surcharge pressure and the predicted value of the swelling pressure as obtained from the model of the previous stage. Two final ANN Models, each with a different arrangement of the given independent variables, were derived from this two-stage procedure. Their statistical fit was clearly found to be superior in comparison to previous models estimated with the same data set. Furthermore, one of these two models exhibited the expected geophysical behavior. As this new ANN Model yields higher predicted swelling-percentage values, it can definitely be regarded as a preferable one in the sense of enlarging the safety margin in heave calculations.
Selection of Combined Continuous Lot-by-Lot Sampling Plans with Single Sampling Plan by Attributes as the Reference Plan
Authors: Vijayaraghavan R. , Aruna P. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Sampling inspection is a product-control methodology and consists of procedures for making decisions on the disposition of lots of finished products based on the inspection of individual units in one or more random samples drawn from the lots or from the process. Lot-by-lot sampling by attributes and sampling plans for a continuous flow of products are the important classifications of inspection procedures. While lot-by-lot sampling is adopted when the inspection lots are formed from a production process, the concept of continuous sampling plans is used where the product flow is continuous and the formation of inspection lots is impractical or difficult. However, when the continuous production processes involve formation of lots, the concept of combined continuous lot-by-lot sampling plans, which incorporates the best features of the continuous and lot-by-lot inspection plans, can be considered as desirable for application. This paper studies the properties of such combined plans when a single sampling plan is used as a reference plan and presents a procedure for determining the parameters of the plan providing protection to the producer and the consumer.
Influence of External Factors on the Cooling Ability of Vacuum Quenching Oils
Authors: Gospodinov Danail , Nikolova Maria , Danev Plamen 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper presents research on vacuum quenching oils at different pressure conditions during the cooling stage of the heat treatment process. The aim of this work is to reveal the influence of the pressure, agitation (laminar or turbulent flow), and oil temperature on the cooling oil. Medium and low viscosity oils are investigated. The research is novel because it expands knowledge of quenching oil behavior at low and high pressure conditions (from 1 mbar to 2.5·103 mbars). The findings are presented as integral diagrams (time-temperature and cooling rate versus temperature curves) and tables of the local cooling ability valuations. It is found that the pressure in the chamber is the main factor that influences the cooling ability of the examined media. The trend of pressure influence can be generalised as: the greater the cooling oil ability, the stronger the pressure value influence. In addition to the above, the possibility of routine change of the pressure makes it a prospective factor to control the cooling oil ability.
Geteilt, aber nicht unverbunden
Authors: Eckert Astrid M. 
Published: June 2014

Deutsche EinleitungWie regelt ein geteiltes Land gemeinsame Probleme, die sich aus naturräumlichen und geographischen Zusammenhängen ergeben? Dieser Frage geht Astrid M. Eckert am Beispiel des durch Abwässer der ostdeutschen Kaliindustrie besonders belasteten Grenzflusses Werra nach. Die Verbindung von politik-, wirtschafts- und umwelthistorischen Aspekten wirft ein Schlaglicht auf bislang weitgehend unbekannte Seiten der deutsch-deutschen Geschichte. Dabei kann die Autorin zeigen, dass insbesondere in den 1980er Jahren ein „anrüchiges“ Geschäftsmodell immer mehr an Bedeutung gewann: Devisen aus dem Westen für Umweltschutz im Osten.
Hans Rosenberg und die Geschichte des deutschen Liberalismus
Authors: Grothe Ewald 
Published: June 2014

Deutsche EinleitungDer Liberalismus war 1933 am Ende. So sah es jedenfalls Hans Rosenberg, der zu den herausragenden deutschen Historikern des 20. Jahrhunderts zählt. Rosenberg widmete diesem Thema seine hier erstmals veröffentlichte Antrittsvorlesung in Köln, die in zweifacher Hinsicht von großer Bedeutung ist: Er entfaltete dabei seine historisch tief abgestützte kritische Sicht des deutschen Liberalismus, die in den 1960er Jahren breit rezipiert wurde, und er vollzog zugleich den Übergang von der Ideen- zur Verfassungs- und Sozialgeschichte, der fortan sein Hauptinteresse galt. Zahlreiche prominente Historiker - unter ihnen Gerhard A. Ritter, Hans-Ulrich Wehler und Heinrich August Winkler - orientierten sich später an diesen bereits 1933 entwickelten Deutungen und methodischen Zugriffen.
Ilse Stöbe: Verräterin oder Patriotin?
Authors: Scherstjanoi Elke 
Published: June 2014

Deutsche EinleitungIn der Bundesrepublik der frühen 1950er Jahre galten Vertreter des Widerstandes weithin als Verräter; sie wurden erst nach und nach öffentlich anerkannt. Dieser Prozess ist noch keineswegs abgeschlossen und gestaltet sich besonders schwierig in Fällen, wo Widerstand die Form einer Zusammenarbeit mit ausländischen Mächten, insbesondere der Sowjetunion, angenommen hat. Der Vorwurf des Landesverrats ist dabei schnell bei der Hand. Er hat auch Ilse Stöbe getroffen, die Informantin des sowjetischen Militärnachrichtendienstes war, unter anderem als Mitarbeiterin des Auswärtigen Amtes. Soll Stöbe in die Widerstandsgalerie des Amtes aufgenommen werden? Elke Scherstjanoi, Historikerin am IfZ, kommt in ihrem hier in leicht überarbeiteter Form präsentierten Gutachten zu einem klaren Resultat: Stöbe leistete „Widerstand durch Verrat“.
Population Dynamics and Evolutionary History of the Weedy VineIpomoea hederaceain North America
Authors: Campitelli, Brandon E , Stinchcombe John R 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDisentangling the historical evolutionary processes that contribute to patterns of phenotypic and genetic variation is important for understanding contemporary patterns of both traits of interest and genetic diversity of a species. Ipomoea hederacea is a self-compatible species whose geographic origin is contested, and previous work suggests that although there are signals of adaptation (significant leaf shape and flowering time clines), no population structure or neutral genetic differentiation of I. hederacea populations was detected. Here, we use DNA sequence data to characterize patterns of genetic variation to establish a more detailed understanding of the current and historical processes that may have generated the patterns of genetic variation in this species. We resequenced ca. 5000 bp across 7 genes for 192 individuals taken from 24 populations in North America. Our results indicate that North American I. hederacea populations are ubiquitously genetically depauperate, and patterns of nucleotide diversity are consistent with population expansion. Contrary to previous findings, we discovered significant population subdivision and isolation-by-distance, but genetic structure was spatially discontinuous, potentially implicating long-distance dispersal. We further found significant genetic differentiation at sequenced loci but nearly fourfold stronger differentiation at the leaf shape locus, strengthening evidence that the leaf shape locus is under divergent selection. We propose that North American I. hederacea has experienced a recent founder event, and/or population dynamics are best described by a metapopulation model (high turnover and dispersal), leading to low genetic diversity and a patchy genetic distribution.
Islam and Democracy: In Search of a Viable Synthesis
Authors: Effendy Bahtiar 
Published: June 2014

Democracy is actually a concept that is understood and practiced heterogeneous. However, there are basic elements or "family resemblence" of democracy: the process of elite recruitment and freely through open competition, and the existence of the right to vote on the basis of universal suffrage. Are these two elements can not be accepted and practiced in Islamic countries? The problem is very dependent on how Islam is understood. During this time of political observers tend to define Islam as a monolithic religion. Huntington and Fukuyama, for example, the view that Islam is essentially incompatible with democracy. Islam is seen that seed saving practices threaten liberal.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i4.818
Western Studies of Southeast Asian Islam: Problem of Theory and Practice
Authors: Bowen John R. 
Published: June 2014

Islamic studies conducted in Southeast Asia Western observers during this tendency dominated framework which clearly separates between the teachings of Islam as a set of Islamic practices of living in society. They make the teachings of Islam as contained in the books as a benchmark to see if the Islamic community in this area or not.Such an approach would obviously not be able to capture and understand the reality of life in a Islamic society as revealed in the creative interpretation done by the scholars, naib, chaplain, and local intellectuals who actively and imaginatively connecting their ideas and local practices with the texts and traditions -broader Islamic tradition. They are developing Islamic culture in a different way. This culture mediates the "rules" or theory and "practice" their religion so that they are meaningful social life of Islam. Because it ignores the role of local interpreters famous works of Islamic Southeast Asia failed to understand the relationship between normative texts, the processes of interpretation and any behaviors that make up the reality of Islam that can be observed.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i4.821