bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetation feedbacks of nutrient addition lead to a weaker carbon sink in an ombrotrophic bog
Authors: Larmola Tuula , Bubier Jill L. , Kobyljanec Christine , Basiliko Nathan , Juutinen Sari , Humphreys Elyn , Preston Michael , Moore Tim R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTo study vegetation feedbacks of nutrient addition on carbon sequestration capacity, we investigated vegetation and ecosystem CO2 exchange at Mer Bleue Bog, Canada in plots that had been fertilized with nitrogen (N) or with N plus phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for 7–12 years. Gross photosynthesis, ecosystem respiration, and net CO2 exchange were measured weekly during May–September 2011 using climate‐controlled chambers. A substrate‐induced respiration technique was used to determine the functional ability of the microbial community. The highest N and NPK additions were associated with 40% less net CO2 uptake than the control. In the NPK additions, a diminished C sink potential was due to a 20–30% increase in ecosystem respiration, while gross photosynthesis rates did not change as greater vascular plant biomass compensated for the decrease in Sphagnum mosses. In the highest N‐only treatment, small reductions in gross photosynthesis and no change in ecosystem respiration led to the reduced C sink. Substrate‐induced microbial respiration was significantly higher in all levels of NPK additions compared with control. The temperature sensitivity of respiration in the plots was lower with increasing cumulative N load, suggesting more labile sources of respired CO2. The weaker C sink potential could be explained by changes in nutrient availability, higher woody : foliar ratio, moss loss, and enhanced decomposition. Stronger responses to NPK fertilization than to N‐only fertilization for both shrub biomass production and decomposition suggest that the bog ecosystem is N‐P/K colimited rather than N‐limited. Negative effects of further N‐only deposition were indicated by delayed spring CO2 uptake. In contrast to forests, increased wood formation and surface litter accumulation in bogs seem to reduce the C sink potential owing to the loss of peat‐forming Sphagnum.
Response of farmland biodiversity to the introduction of bioenergy crops: effects of local factors and surrounding landscape context
Authors: Bourke David , Stanley Dara , O'Rourke Erin , Thompson Rosalyn , Carnus Tim , Dauber Jens , Emmerson Mark , Whelan Pádraig , Hecq Florence , Flynn Evelyn , Dolan Lisa , Stout Jane 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe recent growth in bioenergy crop cultivation, stimulated by the need to implement measures to reduce net CO2 emissions, is driving major land‐use changes with consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem service provision. Although the type of bioenergy crop and its associated management is likely to affect biodiversity at the local (field) scale, landscape context and its interaction with crop type may also influence biodiversity on farms. In this study, we assessed the impact of replacing conventional agricultural crops with two model bioenergy crops (either oilseed rape Brassica napus or Miscanthus × giganteus) on vascular plant, bumblebee, solitary bee, hoverfly and carabid beetle richness, diversity and abundance in 50 sites in Ireland. We assessed whether within‐field biodiversity was also related to surrounding landscape structure. We found that local‐ and landscape‐scale variables correlated with biodiversity in these agricultural landscapes. Overall, the differences between the bioenergy crops and the conventional crops on farmland biodiversity were mostly positive (e.g. higher vascular plant richness in Miscanthus planted on former conventional tillage, higher solitary bee abundance and richness in Miscanthus and oilseed rape compared with conventional crops) or neutral (e.g. no differences between crop types for hoverflies and bumblebees). We showed that these crop type effects were independent of (i.e. no interactions with) the surrounding landscape composition and configuration. However, surrounding landscape context did relate to biodiversity in these farms, negatively for carabid beetles and positively for hoverflies. Although we conclude that the bioenergy crops compared favourably with conventional crops in terms of biodiversity of the taxa studied at the field scale, the effects of large‐scale planting in these landscapes could result in very different impacts. Maintaining ecosystem functioning and the delivery of ecosystem services will require a greater understanding of impacts at the landscape scale to ensure the sustainable development of climate change mitigation measures.
Fiscal Stability of High-Debt Nations under Volatile Economic Conditions
Authors: Hall Robert E. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Using a recursive empirical model of the real interest rate, GDP growth and the primary government deficit in the United States, I solve for the ergodic distribution of the debt/GDP ratio. If such a distribution exists, the government is satisfying its intertemporal budget constraint. One key finding is that historical fiscal policy would bring the current high-debt ratio back to its normal level of 0.35 over the coming decade. Forecasts of continuing increases in the ratio over the decade make the implicit assumption that fiscal policy has shifted dramatically. In the variant of the model that matches the forecast, the government would not satisfy its intertemporal budget constraint if the policy was permanent. The willingness of investors to hold US government debt implies a belief that the high-deficit policy is transitory.
Micronutrient concentrations in relation to phenological development of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.)
Authors: Lindström B. E. M. , Frankow‐Lindberg B. E. , Dahlin A. S. , Wivstad M. , Watson C. A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to examine how concentrations of the micronutrients cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel and zinc change with phenological development in red clover, perennial ryegrass and timothy. An additional aim was to investigate micronutrient concentrations and the dry matter (DM) proportions of the leaves, stems and flowers at the flowering stage. The plants were harvested at five phenological stages, ranging from stem elongation to flowering, in a greenhouse pot experiment. The results show that micronutrient concentrations generally decreased with phenological development of the grasses, but that the reduction was larger in timothy than in perennial ryegrass. Concentrations of cobalt, iron, manganese and nickel were more constant in red clover than in the other species. Flowers and leaves had higher concentrations than stems. The generally low concentrations found in timothy were largely due to the high DM proportion of micronutrient‐poor stems. Our results suggest that harvest at an early phenological stage is not only preferred due to high digestibility but also with regard to micronutrient concentrations. They also highlight the importance of considering phenological development and DM harvested when comparing forage species with regard to micronutrient concentrations.
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells in lung inflammation
Authors: Li Bobby W. S. , Hendriks Rudi W. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryAlthough allergic asthma is a heterogeneous disease, allergen‐specific T helper 2 (Th2) cells producing the key cytokines involved in type 2 inflammation, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), IL‐5 and IL‐13, are thought to play a major role in asthma pathogenesis. This model is challenged by the recent discovery of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) that represent a critical innate source of type 2 cytokines. These ILC2 are activated by epithelial cell‐derived cytokines, including IL‐25 and IL‐33, which have been implicated in the initiation of asthma. In this review, we will discuss recent studies supporting a significant role for ILC2 in lung inflammation, with special attention to allergen‐induced asthma.
The ovaries of aphids (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphidoidea): morphology and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Michalik Anna , Szklarzewicz Teresa , Wegierek Piotr , Wieczorek Karina 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe ovaries of aphids belonging to the families Eriosomatidae, Anoeciidae, Drepanosiphidae, Thelaxidae, Aphididae, and Lachnidae were examined at the ultrastructural level. The ovaries of these aphids are composed of several telotrophic ovarioles. The individual ovariole is differentiated into a terminal filament, tropharium, vitellarium, and pedicel (ovariolar stalk). Terminal filaments of all ovarioles join together into the suspensory ligament, which attaches the ovary to the lobe of the fat body. The tropharium houses individual trophocytes and early previtellogenic oocytes termed arrested oocytes. Trophocytes are connected with the central part of the tropharium, the trophic core, by means of broad cytoplasmic processes. One or more oocytes develop in the vitellarium. Oocytes are surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells, which do not diversify into distinct subpopulations. The general organization of the ovaries in oviparous females is similar to that of the ovaries in viviparous females, but there are significant differences in their functioning: (1) in viviparous females, all ovarioles develop, whereas in oviparous females, some of them degenerate; (2) the number of germ cells per ovariole is usually greater in females of the oviparous generation than in females of viviparous generations; (3) in oviparous females, oocytes in the vitellarium develop through three stages (previtellogenesis, vitellogenesis, and choriogenesis), whereas in viviparous females, the development of oocytes stops after previtellogenesis; and (4) in the oocyte cytoplasm of oviparous females, lipid droplets and yolk granules accumulate, whereas in viviparous females, oocytes accrue only lipid droplets. Our results indicate that a large number of germ cells per ovariole represent the ancestral state within aphids. This trait may be helpful in inferring the phylogeny of Aphidoidea.
Ten years of experience in chronic ulcers and malignant transformation
Authors: Onesti Maria G , Fino Pasquale , Fioramonti Paolo , Amorosi Vittoria , Scuderi Nicolò 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMalignant degeneration of wounds is rare and often misdiagnosed. Delay in diagnosis may result in a worse prognosis. The aim of this study is to determine the number of skin cancers associated with chronic skin ulcers in our facility over a period of 10 years. Between January 2002 and December 2012, a total of about 1000 patients had consulted with us for chronic wounds, especially of vascular, diabetic and traumatic origin and pressure ulcers. Thirteen skin cancers had been detected: seven squamous cell and five basal cell carcinomas and one melanoma. We highlight how important it is to be aware of the signs suggesting a malignant change and the importance of biopsy at regular intervals during the life cycle of any chronic wound.
Photoprotection in the green tidal alga Ulva prolifera: role of LHCSR and PsbS proteins in response to high light stress
Authors: Mou S. , Zhang X. , Dong M. , Fan X. , Xu J. , Cao S. , Xu D. , Wang W. , Ye N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractUlva prolifera, an intertidal macroalga, has to adapt to wide variations in light intensity, making this species particularly rewarding for studying the evolution of photoprotective mechanisms. Intense light induced increased non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) and stimulated de‐epoxidation of xanthophyll cycle components, while DTT‐treated samples had lower NPQ capacity, indicating that the xanthophyll cycle must participate in photoprotection. In this work, we found that the PsbS‐related NPQ was maintained in U. prolifera. According to analysed gene expression, both LhcSR and psbS were up‐regulated in high light, suggesting that these two genes are light‐induced. LHCSR and PsbS proteins were present at different light intensities and accumulated under high light conditions, and PsbS concentrations were higher than LHCSR, showing that the NPQ mechanism of U. prolifera is more dependent on PsbS protein concentration. Moreover, the level of both LHCSR and PsbS proteins was high even in the darkness, and neither the transcript level nor protein content of LhcSR and psbS genes varied significantly following short‐term exposure to intense light. These findings suggest that this alga can modulate NPQ levels through regulation of the xanthophyll cycle and concentrations of PsbS and/or LHCSR.
Suitability of Canopy Temperature Depression in a Temperate Climate with Drought‐Stressed Winter Rye, Determined with Three Infrared Measurement Devices
Authors: Kottmann L. , Schittenhelm S. , Wittich K.‐P. , Wilde P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCanopy temperature has been recognised as an indicator of crop water status and may thus be a useful secondary trait in selecting for yield under dry conditions. The aim of this study was to test the suitability of canopy temperature depression (CTD = Tair − Tcanopy) in a temperate climate with winter rye, by means of three infrared (IR) temperature measuring devices. In the years 2011 and 2012, 16 winter rye genotypes were examined under drought stress conditions in a rainout shelter and under well‐watered conditions. In each year, the CTD was determined several times during the growth period using two IR thermometers and an IR camera. By means of CTD, it was possible to detect drought stress and to differentiate between water regimes. The three measurement devices showed comparable results, despite greatly different costs. Under drought‐stress conditions, a significant positive correlation between grain yield and CTD was found on most measurement dates in 2011 and on some dates in 2012. When the CTD was pooled across water regimes, a significant positive correlation between grain yield and CTD was obtained on every measurement date. However, as genotypic differences for CTD were non‐existent, the correlations are less meaningful. The missing genotypic differences for CTD were rather caused by the limited genetic variability of the genotypes used in this study, than by climatic conditions. Due to this limitation, we were not able to make a concluding statement about the CTD in a temperature climate, although the results are quite promising and indicate that the CTD can potentially be used in a temperate climate.
A mixed‐method systematic review: support for ethical competence of nurses
Authors: Poikkeus Tarja , Numminen Olivia , Suhonen Riitta , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe aim was to appraise and synthesize evidence of empirical studies of how nurses' ethical competence can be supported.BackgroundEthical competence is an essential element of nursing practice. Nurses increasingly need support in competence when carrying out their responsibilities towards their patients.DesignA mixed‐method systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies was undertaken according to the University of York's Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidelines.Data sourcesSearches of MEDLINE, Nursing Database and British Nursing Index databases were conducted, yielding 512 citations between 1985–2012.MethodsAfter a two‐stage application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 34 articles were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using STROBE or COREQ criteria. Data were analysed by content analysis.ResultsNurses' ethical competence has been studied from different viewpoints: ethical decision‐making, ethical sensitivity, ethical knowledge and ethical reflection. There was little empirical evidence of provided support, but studies offered recommendations on how to support ethical competence. The most common strategies to support ethical competence were ethics education, ethics rounds, ethics committee and consultation. Nurse leaders and colleagues have a key role in providing opportunities for nurses to gain ethical competence.ConclusionsThere is a need to develop evidence‐based support at the organizational and individual level to support nurses' ethical competence. Barriers for multiprofessional cooperation in ethical issues should be recognized and addressed as part of the development of organizational ethical practices. Research should pay more attention to the conceptual, theoretical and practical perspectives of ethical competence.
A descriptive exploration of the experiences of patients with significant functional impairment following a recent diagnosis of metastatic spinal cord compression
Authors: Warnock Clare , Tod Angela 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo explore the experiences, concerns and priorities of patients newly diagnosed with advanced malignant spinal cord compression and had significant problems with mobility at presentation.BackgroundThe consequences of malignant spinal cord compression can be devastating. Patients and their families are under pressure to adapt quickly to the significant functional impairment that occurs while coping with a diagnosis of advanced cancer. Much of the literature has focused on diagnosis and treatment and little is known about patients' experiences, priorities and concerns.DesignA descriptive qualitative methodology was adopted using semi‐structured interviews and Framework Analysis techniques.MethodA semi‐structured interview schedule was developed to explore patient's descriptions of their experiences leading up to diagnosis and during their admission to the cancer centre along with their thoughts and feelings about their future with malignant spinal cord compression. The interviews took place after completion of radiotherapy before discharge home. Interviews were carried out between April 2009–March 2010.FindingsTen participants were interviewed. A dual narrative was identified in which participants talked about their concerns and emphasized their ability to cope and maintain a positive outlook. Patients' concerns and priorities were identified. Maintaining hope emerged as an important element of coping. Uncertainty was a source of hope.ConclusionThe study provides insights into the experience of malignant spinal cord compression from symptom occurrence to diagnosis and beyond. The findings highlight the importance of early discharge planning and family involvement in meeting patients' priorities for care.
Examining antecedents and outcomes of part‐time working nurses' motives to search and not to search for a full‐time position
Authors: Halvari Hallgeir , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Brørby Steffen , Karlsen Hans Petter 
Published: July 2013

AbstractGrounded in self‐determination theory, this study sought to examine the antecedents and outcomes of part‐time working nurses' (n = 404) motives for searching and not searching for full‐time employment. After controlling for various background variables, autonomous motivation and economic motivation to search for a full‐time job related positively to job search intensity, controlled motivation to search related negatively to experienced positive experiences of part‐time work, whereas autonomous motivation not to search related negatively to job search intensity and positively to positive experiences from part‐time work. Finally, experienced managerial autonomy support toward part‐time work and negative feedback from colleagues regarding part‐time work were established as contextual antecedents of part‐time nurses' autonomous and controlled motives to search and not to search.
Justice and politics: mechanisms for the underlying relationships of role demands to employees' satisfaction and turnover intentions
Authors: Yang Jun , Treadway Darren C. , Stepina Lee P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe present study examines the influence of ambiguity and conflict surrounding employees' job specifications on their dissatisfaction and withdrawal intentions in the workplace. A model is proposed, which introduces perceptions of organizational politics and procedural justice as key mediators in the relationship between role ambiguity and conflict, and the resulting supervisor satisfaction, pay satisfaction, and intention to quit. The model is tested using a sample of 782 full‐time employees of a national retail organization. Results supported the mediating role of procedural justice and perception of politics in the relationship between role ambiguity and conflict and the three outcome measures. Implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.
Self‐confidence, anxiety, and post‐purchase dissonance: a panel study
Authors: Keng Ching‐Jui , Liao Tze‐Hsien 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study proposes an integrated conceptual model of the antecedents of post‐purchase dissonance. Data were gathered via a two‐stage panel study among consumers who made purchase of technology items. Study results demonstrate that consumer chronic characteristics (i.e., trait anxiety and generalized self‐confidence) not only directly influence post‐purchase dissonance positively and negatively but also are mediated by consumers' temporary feelings (i.e., state anxiety and specific self‐confidence) toward a purchase situation, and then indirectly influence post‐purchase dissonance positively and negatively. Trait anxiety positively influences state anxiety and that generalized self‐confidence and specific self‐confidence negatively influence state anxiety. Furthermore, trait anxiety appears to negatively influence specific self‐confidence, and generalized self‐confidence appears to negatively influence trait anxiety and positively influence specific self‐confidence.
I am a better driver than you think: examining self‐enhancement for driving ability
Authors: Roy Michael M. , Liersch Michael J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe examined whether people recognized that others might disagree with their high self‐assessments of driving ability, and, if so, why. Participants in four experiments expressed a belief that others would assess them as worse drivers than they assessed themselves. This difference appears to be caused by participants' use of their own, idiosyncratic definition of driving ability. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants reported that others would supply similar assessments of their ability when the skill was less ambiguous. Results of Experiment 4 indicate that participants recognize that there may be more than one way to view driving performance. Participants appear aware that others likely disagree with their self‐assessment of driving ability due to differences in how others define driving ability.
The stereotyping of science: superficial details influence perceptions of what is scientific
Authors: Krull Douglas S. , Silvera David H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPrevious research indicates that superficial details can influence judgments about science. The current research investigated whether the content of research influences judgments about whether research is scientific. In Experiment 1, participants judged topics and equipment associated with natural science to be more scientific than topics and equipment associated with behavioral science. Experiment 2 found that natural science topics combined with natural science equipment were rated as more scientific than all other combinations. Experiment 3 replicated these findings and found that research using natural science topics and natural science equipment was also judged to be more important. Thus, although science is defined by its method, the topic being investigated and the equipment being used influence judgments about what is scientific.