bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective alertness, rather than sleep duration, is associated with burnout and depression: A national survey of Japanese physicians
Authors: Wada Hiroo , Basner Mathias , Cordoza Makayla , Dinges David , Tanigawa Takeshi 
Published: August 2024

SummaryApproximately 40% of Japanese physicians report working more than 960 hr of overtime annually, with 10% exceeding 1860 hr. To protect their health, annual overtime limits went into effect in 2024. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of self‐reported sleep duration with psychological health and objective alertness. This was a cross‐sectional National Survey for The Work Style Reform of Long Working Physicians. Physicians self‐reported daily sleep duration, burnout (Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and traffic accidents. Alertness was then evaluated using the brief Psychomotor Vigilance Test. Of 20,382 physicians invited, 1226 completed the survey and brief Psychomotor Vigilance Test. Daily sleep duration was inversely associated with weekly work hours (β = −5.4; 95% confidence interval −6.8 to −4.0, p < 0.0001). Sleep duration < 6 hr and ≥ 8 hr per day was associated with slower responses on the brief Psychomotor Vigilance Test (adjusted p < 0.05). An additional 10 hr worked per week was associated with a 0.40 point (95% confidence interval 0.08–0.72) increase in burnout severity and a 1.7% (95% confidence interval 0.1–3.3%) increase in odds of reporting a traffic accident. Increased brief Psychomotor Vigilance Test lapses, indicating lower alertness, were associated with worse symptoms of depression (β = 0.23 points; 95% confidence interval 0.14–0.31, p < 0.0001) and burnout (β = 0.25 points; 95% confidence interval 0.13–0.36, p < 0.0001). This study emphasizes the importance of sufficient sleep to maintain alertness, and supports limiting work hours for Japanese physicians to protect psychological health. Performance on the brief Psychomotor Vigilance Test may be a useful indicator of psychological health.
NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Mediates Hepatitis E Virus‐Induced Neuroinflammation
Authors: Wei Bingyan , Li Huopeng , Cheng Minheng , Yang Yifei , Liu Bo , Tian Yuewei , Sun Yaxin , Liu Tianlong , She Ruiping , Tian Jijing 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen that is supposed to be one of the most common causes of acute viral hepatitis. However, HEV infection has been recently associated with a wide spectrum of extrahepatic manifestations, particularly neurological disorders. Previous studies have shown that HEV is able to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and induce inflammatory response of the central nervous system. However, the pathogenesis of HEV‐induced neuroinflammation and tissue injury of the central nervous system have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome following HEV infection were investigated. In a gerbil model infected by HEV, brain histopathological changes including gliosis, neuronophagia and neuron injury were observed and expression of NLRP3, caspase‐1, IL‐1β and IL‐18 were elevated. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are key components of the BBB that protects the brain from various challenges. Following HEV infection, virus‐like particles range from 30 to 40 nm in diameter were observed in human BMECs (hBMECs). Enhanced expression levels of NLRP3 and subsequent ASC, caspase‐1, IL‐1β and IL‐18 were detected in infected cells. Treatment with MCC950 alleviated HEV infection induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, mitochondrial damage and VE‐cadherin degradation. The findings provide new insights into HEV‐associated neuroinflammation. Moreover, targeting NLRP3 inflammasome signalling is a promising therapeutic in HEV‐induced neurological disorder.
The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics integration of tilmicosin against Mycoplasma synoviae in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yan Xiu , Liu Jinxin , Li Weihuo , Song Shuti , Yao Zhaofeng , Jia Yixin , Yuan Sheng , Yang Hong , Zhang Nan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMycoplasma synoviae (MS) infection is a serious threat to poultry industry in China. Tilmicosin is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic used only in animals and has shown potential efficacy against MS, but there were no reported articles concerning the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) interactions of tilmicosin against MS in vitro and vivo. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of tilmicosin against MS in vitro and in vivo using PK/PD model to provide maximal efficacy. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and killing rates of different drug concentrations were measured using the microdilution method in vitro. Then, tilmicosin was administered orally to the MS‐infected chickens at doses of 7.5 and 60 mg/kg, and the PK parameters of tilmicosin in joint dialysates were determined using high‐pressure liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS) combined with the microdialysis technique. The antibacterial effect (△E) was calculated when the infected chickens were administered a single oral dose of tilmicosin at 4, 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg b.w. The PK and PD data were fitted using the Sigmoid Emax model to evaluate the PK/PD interactions of tilmicosin against MS. The bactericidal activity of tilmicosin against MS was concentration dependent. Furthermore, the PK/PD index of AUC0–72h/MIC exhibited the most optimal fitting results (R2 = .98). The MS load decreased by 1, 2, and 3 Log10 CFU/mL, then AUC/MIC was determined as 13.99, 20.53, and 28.23 h, respectively, and the bactericidal effect can be achieved when the dose of MS‐infected chickens is at 31.64 mg/kg b.w. The findings of this study hold significant implications for optimizing the treatment regimen for MS infection.
How inquilinism shaped breeding systems in a termite host‐inquiline relationship
Authors: Timmermans Johanne , Hellemans Simon , Křivánek Jan , Kaymak Esra , Fontaine Nicolas , Bourguignon Thomas , Hanus Robert , Roisin Yves 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSocial insects have developed a broad diversity of nesting and foraging strategies. One of these, inquilinism, occurs when one species (the inquiline) inhabits the nest built and occupied by another species (the host). Obligatory inquilines must overcome strong constraints upon colony foundation and development, due to limited availability of host colonies. To reveal how inquilinism shapes reproductive strategies in a termite host‐inquiline dyad, we carried out a microsatellite marker study on Inquilinitermes inquilinus and its host Constrictotermes cavifrons. The proportion of simple, extended and mixed families was recorded in both species, as well as the presence of neotenics, parthenogenesis and multiple foundations. Most host colonies (95%) were simple families and all were monodomous. By contrast, the inquiline showed a higher proportion of extended (30%) and mixed (5%) families, and frequent neotenics (in 25% of the nests). This results from the simultaneous foundation in host nests of numerous incipient colonies, which, as they grow, may compete, fight, or merge. We also documented the use of parthenogenesis by female–female pairs. In conclusion, the classical monogamous colony pattern of the host species suggests uneventful development of simple foundations dispersed in the environment, in accordance with the wide distribution of their resources. By contrast, the multiple reproductive patterns displayed by the inquiline species reveal strong constraints on foundation sites: founders first concentrate into host nests, then must attempt to outcompete or absorb the neighbouring foundations to gain full control of the resources provided by the host nest.
First description of immature stages and notes on the biology of the blow fly, Calliphora lopesi Mello, 1962
Authors: Grella Maicon D. , Savino André G. , Prado Aline M. , Thyssen Patricia J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSeveral species of the worldwide distributed genus Calliphora Robineau‐Desvoidy (Insecta, Diptera, Calliphoridae) are medically important vectors and agents of myiasis. Furthermore, these flies are relevant in forensics because they are found in corpses. Information regarding the taxonomy, bionomics and distribution of Calliphora species endemic to South America, including Calliphora lopesi Mello, is scarce. To expand knowledge on C. lopesi, this study presents descriptions of eggs, larvae, puparia and developmental data at 14, 17, 20, 23 and 26 ± 1°C for the first time. Adult flies were collected from the field and kept in the laboratory to obtain samples for morphological and biological studies. Immatures were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. To assess the growth rate, 10 specimens from each temperature group were randomly removed from the diet and weighed every 24 h from larval hatching until pupation. The minimum developmental threshold, thermal constant and linear development‐rate equations were calculated for each stage. Considering weight gain records and survival rates, the optimum temperature for the development of C. lopesi ranges from 23 to 26°C. A key to third‐instar larvae of known Neotropical species of Calliphora was also provided to assist in identification. The information provided in this study should be useful in expanding knowledge about Neotropical Calliphoridae species of forensic importance.
A primer for the gastroenterology provider on psychosocial assessment of patients with disorders of gut‐brain interaction
Authors: Ballou Sarah , Vasant Dipesh H. , Guadagnoli Livia , Reed Bonney , Chiarioni Giuseppe , ten Cate Liesbeth , Keefer Laurie , Kinsinger Sarah W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundGI‐specific psychological factors are important contributors to patients' symptom experience and quality of life across all disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI). Clinicians' ability to recognize the role of these psychological factors is essential for formulating a biopsychosocial case conceptualization and informing treatment decisions.PurposeThis article will familiarize gastroenterology providers with conceptualizing the role of GI‐specific psychological factors in DGBI and provides stepwise, practical guidance for how to assess these during clinical encounters in a time‐efficient manner.
Primate hibernation: The past, present, and promise of captive dwarf lemurs
Authors: Blanco Marina B. , Greene Lydia K. , Welser Kay H. , Ehmke Erin E. , Yoder Anne D. , Klopfer Peter H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus spp.) of Madagascar are the only obligate hibernators among primates. Despite century‐old field accounts of seasonal lethargy, and more recent evidence of hibernation in the western fat‐tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius), inducing hibernation in captivity remained elusive for decades. This included the Duke Lemur Center (DLC), which maintains fat‐tailed dwarf lemurs and has produced sporadic research on reproduction and metabolism. With cumulative knowledge from the field, a newly robust colony, and better infrastructure, we recently induced hibernation in DLC dwarf lemurs. We describe two follow‐up experiments in subsequent years. First, we show that dwarf lemurs under stable cold conditions (13°C) with available food continued to eat daily, expressed shallower and shorter torpor bouts, and had a modified gut microbiome compared to peers without food. Second, we demonstrate that dwarf lemurs under fluctuating temperatures (12–30°C) can passively rewarm daily, which was associated with altered patterns of fat depletion and reduced oxidative stress. Despite the limitations of working with endangered primates, we highlight the promise of studying hibernation in captive dwarf lemurs. Follow‐up studies on genomics and epigenetics, metabolism, and endocrinology could have relevance across multidisciplinary fields, from biomedicine to evolutionary biology, and conservation.
Gβγ dimers mediate low K+ stress‐inhibited root growth via modulating auxin redistribution in Arabidopsis
Authors: Mulati Nuerkaimaier , Li Zhong‐Qi , Zhang Yan‐Ru , Yang Ya‐Lan , Li Li , Li Xue , Guo Jiang‐Fan , He Jun‐Min , Zheng Bo‐Wen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the investigation of heterotrimeric G protein‐mediated signal transduction in planta, their roles in the transmittance of low K+ stimuli remain to be elucidated. Here, we found that the primary root growth of wild‐type Arabidopsis was gradually inhibited with the decrease of external K+ concentrations, while the primary root of the mutants for G protein β subunit AGB1 and γ subunits AGG1, AGG2 and AGG3 could still grow under low K+ conditions (LK). Exogenous NAA application attenuated primary root elongation in agb1 and agg1/2/3 but promoted the growth in wild‐type seedlings under LK stress. Using ProDR5:GFP, ProPIN1:PIN1‐GFP and ProPIN2:PIN2‐GFP reporter lines, a diminishment in auxin concentration at the radicle apex and a reduction in PIN1and PIN2 efflux carrier abundance were observed in wild‐type roots under LK, a phenomenon not recorded in the agb1 and agg1/2/3. Further proteolytic and transcriptional assessments revealed an enhanced degradation of PIN1 and a suppressed expression of PIN2 in the wild‐type background under LK, contrasting with the stability observed in the agb1 and agg1/2/3 mutants. Our results indicate that the G protein β and γ subunits play pivotal roles in suppressing of Arabidopsis root growth under LK by modulating auxin redistribution via alterations in PIN1 degradation and PIN2 biosynthesis.
Institutional fit and policy design in water governance: Nebraska's Natural Resources Districts
Authors: Olivier Tomás , Vallury Sechindra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe extent to which rules in a governing arrangement addresses its local conditions is usually defined in the environmental governance literature as the problem of fit. Actors in governing arrangements with decision‐making authority are capable of choosing and designing specific policy tools in order to address specific policy problems. In this manuscript, we combine insights from the literature on policy design and the literature on common‐pool resource governance to assess the extent to which Nebraska's Natural Resources Districts (NRDs), which were created to provide context‐specific solutions to local water problems, design plans, and programs that fit their social‐ecological contexts. Using semi‐automated text analysis approaches and Qualitative Comparative Analysis, we assess how the design of plans and programs created by NRDs vary, to fit their social‐ecological contexts. Results indicate that the biophysical context plays a role in shaping the content of plans and programs, but that broader top‐down institutional mandates may play an even stronger role in shaping the outputs produced by NRDs.
The new generationalism: Generational antagonism and partisan polarization
Authors: Lindner Andrew M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite the prevalence of generational labels like Boomers, Gen X, Millennials, and Gen Z in popular discourse, most studies of generationalism have been restricted to content analyses of generational rhetoric. This study investigates the prevalence of negative generationalism, or negative affective sentiment towards perceived generational out‐groups within the US public and considers how it may be linked with partisan political identities. Using a nationally representative survey of 1232 Americans, this research examines the association between generational self‐identity and partisan identity using feeling thermometer scores for four generational groups (Boomers, Gen Xers, Millennials, and Gen Z) and the two major political parties (Democrats and Republicans). I also report the findings of an experimental manipulation testing the extent to which generational priming exacerbates affective partisan polarization. The results reveal strong evidence of positive affect towards one's generational in‐group, but a less consistent pattern of negative generationalism. Neither the correlational nor the experimental outcomes support a strong and consistent link between generationalism and partisanship, though Republicans feel significantly warmer towards Baby Boomers and colder towards Gen Z than independents. Despite the largely null findings concerning partisanship, this study reveals that these generational labels do appear to bear some degree of social meaning as social identities for people, pointing to new directions for future sociological research on generationalism.
AT‐hook motif nuclear localized transcription factors function redundantly in promoting root growth through modulation of redox homeostasis
Authors: Shi Xiaowen , Yang Ting , Ren Mengfei , Fu Jing , Bai Juan , Cui Hongchang 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYMaintaining an optimal redox status is essential for plant growth and development, particularly when the plants are under stress. AT‐hook motif nuclear localized (AHL) proteins are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors in plants. Much of our understanding about this gene family has been derived from studies on clade A members. To elucidate the functions of clade B genes, we first analyzed their spatial expression patterns using transgenic plants expressing a nuclear localized GFP under the control of their promoter sequences. AHL1, 2, 6, 7, and 10 were further functionally characterized owing to their high expression in the root apical meristem. Through mutant analyses and transgenic studies, we showed that these genes have the ability to promote root growth. Using yeast one‐hybrid and dual luciferase assays, we demonstrated that AHL1, 2, 6, 7, and 10 are transcription regulators and this activity is required for their roles in root growth. Although mutants for these genes did not showed obvious defects in root growth, transgenic plants expressing their fusion proteins with the SRDX repressor motif exhibited a short‐root phenotype. Through transcriptome analysis, histochemical staining and molecular genetics experiments, we found that AHL10 maintains redox homeostasis via direct regulation of glutathione transferase (GST) genes. When the transcript level of GSTF2, a top‐ranked target of AHL10, was reduced by RNAi, the short‐root phenotype in the AHL10‐SRDX expressing plant was largely rescued. These results together suggest that AHL genes function redundantly in promoting root growth through direct regulation of redox homeostasis.
Polyp Segmentation From Colonoscopy Image Using DeepLabV3+
Authors: Sufri Nur Anis Jasmin , Babu Biragathis , As'ari Muhammad Amir 
Published: August 2024

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, and it is also one of the leading causes of mortality from cancer. Over time, polyp development on the inner lining of the colon or rectum may progress to cancer. Due to the differences in size, shape, and color, this is a difficult undertaking polyp texture and differences between several forms of hard polyps mimics. Colonoscopy is the most effective way to detect polyps. Screening and detection are possible, but they are operator-dependent, time-consuming, and prone to errors. Polyp segmentation method based on the convolutional neural network is developed and to enhance the performance of the method. In this study, polyp segmentation algorithm was developed using Python as the main programming language which was applied with TensorFlow and OpenCV on Kvasir-SEG datasets. DeepLabv3+ model was used to train the filters and pooling operations were applied to images to segment the polyps. The data obtained was further analysed and evaluated the performance analysis. As a result, the developed algorithm was tested and shows an average accuracy 0.7215 and average IoU score 0.7240 for 20 epochs. As a conclusion, the algorithm developed is able to segment the polyps and it can be further developed with large number of data to improve the accuracy.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of NH3/H2/N2 Combustion in a Premixed/Stratified Swirl Burner
Authors: Davies Jordan , Mazzotta Luca , Sato Daisuke , Mashruk Syed , Pugh Daniel , Borello Domenico , Valera-Medina Agustin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Interest in using renewably produced, partially cracked ammonia in gas turbines is gaining traction, but challenges relating to emissions of NOx and unburned ammonia remain. This work progresses existing research on using hydrogen stratification to reduce NOx from ammonia/hydrogen flames by experimentally and numerically investigating the effects of also injecting nitrogen from the cracking process. It additionally assesses the NOx reduction capability of a recently developed novel swirl burner by adding hydrogen to the stratified flow to maintain the diffusive equivalence ratio at two high NO production conditions, slightly lean and stoichiometric. At slightly globally rich conditions, maintaining the diffusive equivalence ratio at 0.9 resulted in an order of magnitude reduction in NO emissions with only a 33% increase in unburned NH3, compared to a fully premixed flame with the same fuel and air flow rates. This stratified configuration was found to increase consumption of NO by NH2, likely due to flame morphology effects, while NO production from OH and HNO pathways was reduced. The reduced OH intensity was posited as the cause for increased NH3 emission. A strong emissions sensitivity to diffusive equivalence ratio was found, as the case with a stoichiometric diffusive equivalence ratio did not show such marked improvements over its corresponding premixed condition. Both stratified and premixed flames were found to be stable; however, stratification has potential to trigger instabilities at different frequencies to premixed.
Short-time coherence between repeated room impulse response measurements
Authors: Prawda Karolina , Schlecht Sebastian J. , Välimäki Vesa 
Published: August 2024

Room impulse responses (RIRs) vary over time due to fluctuations in atmospheric temperature, humidity, and pressure. This can introduce uncertainties in room transfer-function measurements, which are challenging to account for. Previous methods of identification and compensation of time variance focus on systematic atmospheric changes and do not apply to subtle discrepancies in RIRs. In this work, we address this problem by proposing a model of short-time coherence between repeated RIR measurements as an indicator of time-frequency similarity and as a measure of time-variance-induced changes in RIRs. Atmospheric changes cause fluctuation in sound speed, which, in turn, results in variation in the time-of-arrival of sound reflections following a Generalized Wiener process. We show that the short-time coherence decreases exponentially with the reflection-path length and propose volatility as a single model parameter determining the coherence decay rate. The proposed model is validated on simulations and measurements, showing applicability in indoor scenarios. The method reliably estimates volatility of 10−6 s/s as measured under laboratory conditions. We exemplify the utility of short-time coherence loss by predicting the high-frequency energy loss stemming from RIR averaging. The proposed method is useful in assessing the uncertainty of RIR measurements, especially when repeated measurements are compared or averaged.