bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of the Smombie Scale: Sensitivity and specificity in identifying pedestrian risk group
Authors: Oh Sumi , Park Sunhee 
Published: August 2024

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the most effective cut-off point for the Smombie Scale and evaluate its ability to screen for pedestrian safety risks among young adults. Methods Data were obtained from an online sample of 396 Korean young adults aged 18–39 years. Latent profile analysis was used to distinguish the risk group as a reference measure for the Smombie Scale. Discriminative power was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the area under the ROC curve. The cut-off points were estimated from the Youden index and the balanced score. Results The latent profile analysis showed two different classes: “risk group” of 17.8% and “others.” Based on the latent profile analysis, sensitivity, and specificity analysis showed that an adequate cut-off point of 2.78 of five points or higher was associated with a high risk of distracted walking. Conclusion The Smombie Scale is a good predictor of problematic smartphone use on the road and can be used as a screening tool for assessing risk levels among young adult pedestrians.
Malay Translation and Validation of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems
Authors: Hadi Wan Ikram Shah bin , Mohamed Mohd Nahar Azmi bin , Ahmad Shushami Ahmad Hazwan bin , Abdul Karim Samihah binti 
Published: August 2024

Background: The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H) is a proven surveillance method to register acute injury, overuse injury, or illness in athletes. However, it has not yet been translated into Malay. Purpose: To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the OSTRC-H into Malay using internationally established guidelines. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The Malay translation of the OSTRC-H (OSTRC-H.M) was distributed to 54 elite (ie, professional) and recreational athletes. Face validity, content validity, and construct validity were assessed for the validity measurement properties, while test-retest and internal consistency were used for reliability measurement properties. Results: The content validity index was satisfactory at 0.93. The OSTRC-H.M showed good internal consistency, with a Cronbach α value of .84. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model for construct validity, with values of 0.99 and 0.04 for comparative fit index and root mean square error of approximation, respectively. Per-item intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for test-retest reliability ranged from 0.55 to 0.80. The overall test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was good (ICC, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.63-0.88; P < .001). Conclusion: The OSTRC-H.M was found to be valid and reliable and therefore acceptable for application among Malay-speaking athletes.
The effectiveness of opioid stewardship interventions in healthcare: A Making Healthcare Safer rapid review
Authors: Waldfogel Julie M , Rosen Michael A , Sharma Ritu , Zhang Allen , Bass Eric B. , Dy Sydney M 
Published: August 2024

Objective Opioid stewardship interventions promote appropriate use of opioids. We synthesized evidence from recent studies on the effectiveness of opioid stewardship interventions in United States healthcare settings on opioid prescribing and clinical outcomes. Methods We followed the Evidence-based Practice Center Program's rapid review processes. We searched PubMed and Cochrane for original studies meeting specified inclusion criteria from January 2016 (correlating with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pain Guidelines) to April 2023, supplemented by gray literature searches. Findings Our search identified 13 randomized controlled trials and 6 nonrandomized studies. Randomized controlled trials addressed interventions involving multiple components (typically combining prescriber education, care management, and facilitated access to resources), clinical decision support (CDS) or electronic health records (EHR), and patient education and engagement, mainly in ambulatory chronic pain. Multicomponent interventions and opioid stewardship practices involving CDS or EHR were associated with decreased opioid prescribing or reduced doses and no increases in pain, emergency department visits, or hospitalizations (low strength of evidence for all outcomes). Patient engagement and education interventions had mixed results for opioid prescribing outcomes (insufficient strength of evidence) and no increases in pain, emergency department visits, or hospitalizations (low strength of evidence). Conclusions Selected opioid stewardship interventions may be effective for reducing opioid prescribing without adversely affecting clinical outcomes. Interventions to reduce opioid prescribing should monitor unintended consequences and include access to nonpharmacological pain management resources with patient education and engagement.
Association between TNF-α, cortisol levels, and exposure to PM10 and PM2.5: a pilot study
Authors: Dolcini Jacopo , Landi Rosaria , Ponzio Elisa , Picchini Laura , Luciani Aurora , Formenti Luca , Svegliati Baroni Silvia , Gabrielli Armando , D’Errico Marcello Mario , Barbadoro Pamela 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The most harmful atmospheric pollutant for human health is particulate matter (PM). We analyzed the correlation between short-term lag exposure to PM10 and PM2.5, salivary cortisol and TNF-α level, and methylation levels of the TNF-α promoter.

Methods
A pilot study including 20 subjects. Eight salivary samples for each subject at various times of the day were collected for comparing cortisol levels and TNFα detection. TNFα promoter methylation levels on salivary DNA were analyzed. Regression analyses were performed using generalized linear mixed models between the different outcomes and 4, 3, 2 and 1 day’s lag values of PM10/PM2.5.Generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was used to evaluate any potential deviation from linearity.

Results
Area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg) showed a statistically positive association with 4-, 3-, 2-, and 1-day lag of exposure to PM10. Area under the curve with respect to the increase (AUCi) showed a statistically negative association with 4-, 3- and 1-day lag of exposure to PM10. TNFα showed statistically significant association with both exposures, PM10 and PM2.5, at 4-, 3-, 2-, and 1-day lag.

Conclusions
Regarding cortisol levels there is an increase of overall hormone levels but a less dynamism of the system to answer to external stressors. Increase of TNF-α may reflect increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation due to pollution exposure.
Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles mediated by Ammi visnaga extract enhanced systemic resistance and triggered multiple defense-related genes, including SbWRKY transcription factors, against tobacco mosaic virus infection
Authors: Aseel Dalia G. , Ibrahim Omar M. , Abdelkhalek Ahmed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a highly infectious plant virus that affects a wide variety of plants and reduces crop yields around the world. Here, we assessed the effectiveness of using Ammi visnaga aqueous seed extract to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and their potential to combat TMV. Different techniques were used to characterize Ag-NPs, such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS).

Results
TEM demonstrated that the synthesized Ag-NPs had a spherical form with an average size of 23–30 nm and a zeta potential value of -15.9 mV, while FTIR revealed various functional groups involved in Ag-NP stability and capping. Interestingly, the Pre-treatment of tobacco plants (protective treatment) with Ag-NPs at 100–500 µg/mL significantly suppressed viral symptoms, while the Post-treatment (curative treatment) delayed their appearance. Furthermore, protective and curative treatments significantly increased chlorophyll a and b, total flavonoids, total soluble carbohydrates, and antioxidant enzymes activity (PPO, POX and CAT). Simultaneously, the application of Ag-NPs resulted in a decrease in levels of oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and MDA). The RT-qPCR results and volcano plot analysis showed that the Ag-NPs treatments trigger and regulate the transcription of ten defense-related genes (SbWRKY-1, SbWRKY-2, JERF-3, GST-1, POD, PR-1, PR-2, PR-12, PAL-1, and HQT-1). The heatmap revealed that GST-1, the primary gene involved in anthocyanidin production, was consistently the most expressed gene across all treatments throughout the study. Analysis of the gene co-expression network revealed that SbWRKY-19 was the most central gene among the studied genes, followed by PR-12 and PR-2.

Conclusions
Overall, the reported antiviral properties (protective and/or curative) of biosynthesized Ag-NPs against TMV lead us to recommend using Ag-NPs as a simple, stable, and eco-friendly agent in developing pest management programs against plant viral infections.
A randomised, two-arm (1:1 ratio), double blind, placebo controlled phase III trial to assess the efficacy, safety, cost and cost-effectiveness of Rituximab in treating de novo or relapsing NS in patients with MCD/FSGS (TURING)
Authors: C Willcocks Lisa , Qian Wendi , Cader Ruzaika , Gatley Katrina , Siddiqui Hira , Tabebisong Endurance , Champion Karlena , Kronbichler Andreas , Lightstone Liz , Jayne David , Wilson Edward , Griffith Megan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Minimal Change Disease (MCD) and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are a spectrum of disease causing the nephrotic syndrome (NS), characterised by proteinuria with debilitating oedema, as well as a high risk of venous thromboembolic disease and infection. Untreated, 50–60% patients with FSGS progress to end stage kidney disease after 5 years. These diseases respond to immunosuppression with high dose glucocorticoids, but 75% will relapse as the glucocorticoids are withdrawn, leading to significant morbidity associated with prolonged use. In children, the B cell depleting monoclonal antibody rituximab reduces relapse risk, but this drug has not been tested in randomised controlled trial in adults.

Methods
130–150 adults with new or relapsing MCD/FSGS, from UK Renal Units, are being randomised to receive either rituximab (two 1 g infusions two weeks apart) or placebo. Partipicipants are recruited when they present with nephrosis, and all are treated with glucocorticoids as per KDIGO guidelines. Once in remission, prednisolone is withdrawn according to a pre-specified regimen. If in remission at 6 months, participants receive a further dose of trial drug. If they relapse, they are unblinded, and if they have received placebo, they are offered open label rituximab with protocolised prednisolone as in the main phase of the trial. The primary end point is time from remission to relapse. A number of secondary endpoints will be assessed including the effect of rituximab on: (1) NHS and societal resource use and hence cost: (2) safety: (3) other measures of efficacy, such as achievement of partial and complete remission of NS and the preservation of renal function: (4) health status of participant.

Trial Registration
TURING received ethical approval on 14 Jun 2019 - REC reference: 19/LO/0738. It is registered on EudraCT, with ID number: 2018-004611-50, with a start date of 2019-06-14.
Local government interventions for improving the health and wellbeing of tenants in private rented housing: developing initial program theory to inform evaluation in the United Kingdom
Authors: McClatchey Rachael , Ferraro Claire F. , Turner Ellis , Harris Jennifer , Banks Jonathan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Housing is an important wider determinant of health. Private Rented Sector (PRS) housing is generally the worst quality of housing stock across tenures. Although a wide range of interventions are available to local governments to manage and improve the quality of PRS housing and therefore the health of tenants, there is limited evidence about the extent to which these are used. This study aims to explore what drives the use of different interventions in different local governments, to better understand and inform local strategies.

Methods
As the first realist evaluation on this topic, the range of available interventions was informed by a Local Government Association toolkit. Consistent with realist approaches, retroductive analysis of intervention-context-mechanism-outcome configurations helped to develop and refine Initial Programme Theories (IPTs). Data sources included local government housing documents, a survey and eleven semi-structured interviews with housing officers.

Results
Using data for 22 out of the 30 local governments in the South West region of the United Kingdom, eight IPTs were developed which act on different levels from individual PRS team leaders to system wide. The IPTs include a belief in market forces, risk adverse to legal challenge, attitude to enforcement, relational approaches to partnership working, job security and renumeration, financial incentives drive action, and system-level understanding of the drivers of poor health, inequalities and opportunities for cost-savings. The findings suggest that limited objective health outcomes are being used to understand impact, which hinders interpretation of the effectiveness of all mechanisms.

Conclusion
Interventions that bring about positive outcomes in managing PRS housing are unlikely to be universal; they depend on the context which differs across place and over time. The proposed IPTs highlight the need for strategies to be tailored considering the local context and should be evaluated in subsequent phases of study.
Citizens’ perspectives on healthy weight approaches in low SEP neighborhoods: a qualitative study from a systems perspective
Authors: ter Bogt Maud J. J. , Te Riele Yentl Z. , Kooijman Piet G. C. , Heszler Anita N. , van der Meer Saskia , van Roon Rob , Molleman Gerard R. M. , van den Muijsenbergh Maria , Fransen Gerdine A. J. , Bevelander Kirsten E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The physical and the social environment are important predictors of healthy weight, especially in low socioeconomic position (SEP) neighborhoods. Many Dutch municipalities have implemented a healthy weight approach (HWA). Yet, there is room for improvement. This system science study examined what influences the utilization of HWA facilities and activities, and what aspects can help to achieve a desired systems change (also called leverage point themes (LPTs)) in the HWA system as perceived by citizens living in low SEP neighborhoods.

Method
All research phases were performed with four citizens co-researchers. Forty-seven citizens living in low SEP neighborhoods were semi-structurally interviewed about the neighborhood HWA facilities and municipal HWA activities. A rapid coding qualitative analysis approach was applied per topic. The topics were citizens’ healthy living description, personal circumstances, and satisfaction with foot and cycle paths, sports facilities, playgrounds, green spaces, museums and theaters, community centers, churches, healthcare, school, food supplies, contact with neighborhood, unfamiliar and/or unused activities, familiar and used activities, unavailable but desired (lacking) activities, and reaching citizens.

Results
The utilization of HWA facilities and activities was influenced by the overarching themes of social cohesion, familiarity, reaching citizens, maintenance, safety, physical accessibility, financial accessibility, social accessibility, fit with personal context, and fit with the neighborhood’s specific needs. Different overarching themes stood out across different facilities and activities. LPTs indicated the overarching themes needed in combination with one another for a specific activity or facility to increase utilization. For example, the LPT regarding foot and cycle paths was “accessible, safe, and maintained foot and cycle paths”. The LPTs regarding familiar and used activities were “customized activities; information provision (e.g., about possibilities to join without paying); social contact, meeting others, and everyone feels included”.

Conclusion
Conducting inclusive qualitative research from a systems perspective among citizens living in low SEP neighborhoods has contributed valuable insights into their needs. This enables practical implementation of HWAs by providing a deeper understanding of the LPTs within the HWA system. LPTs can help HWA stakeholders to further develop current HWAs toward systems approaches. Future research could study the leverage points that may contribute to LPT implementation.
Five years on: analysis of university lecturers’ experiences of the French government’s health promotion education program
Authors: Monpierre Mathilde , Frachon Adèle , Eguiluz Alexandra , Martinot Pauline , Tenenbaum Annabelle 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The National Health Promotion Intervention Program by Student (HPIPS) is a French government educational program introduced in 2018, aiming at developing all health students’ health promotion knowledge and abilities, as well as implementing health promotion interventions for specific subpopulations in the general public. Its pedagogical framework was elaborated in 2018 and then evaluated by the French Council for Public Health in 2022, highlighting certain difficulties for the program to be homogeneously implemented in France. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences and feedback of university lecturers in charge of this HPIPS training.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with HPIPS lecturers from various health fields and from French universities, and a qualitative content analysis was carried out.

Results
Fourteen interviews were conducted during the autumn of 2022 with HPIPS program university lecturers including five doctors, three dentists, two nurses, two pharmacists, one midwife, and one physiotherapist from eight different towns belonging to six regions. Depending on the professional background, the component, and the local resources available, the teaching experience varied from one lecturer to another. A number of difficulties arose in setting up this educational program and complying with the latter legislation. The work overload was considerable, and the lecturers’ heavy commitments some lecturers to be discouraged, especially since some lecturers were not trained in health promotion abilities. Although interprofessionality was a strength of this HPIPS, it was also its main challenge. Pedagogical innovations were developed, notably through the use of digital technology; cross-disciplinary collaboration was established; and lecturers–students specific boundaries have emerged thanks to this health promotion project.

Conclusions
In France, setting up the HPIPS rapidly was experienced as a real pedagogical challenge for the interviewed university lecturers. While most of them noted the positive and beneficial contributions made by the introduction of prevention and health promotion intervention skills for health students, they also shared recommendations in order to match the ambitions and increase the HPIPS impact on the development of a culture of prevention and health promotion among health students.
Improving selection procedures in health professions education from the applicant perspective: an interview study
Authors: Fikrat-Wevers S. , Stegers-Jager K. M. , Mulder L. M. A. , Cheung J. , Van Den Broek W. W. , Woltman A. M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Applicant perceptions of selection impact motivation and performance during selection, and student diversity. However, in-depth insight into which values underly these perceptions is lacking, creating challenges for aligning selection procedures with applicant perceptions. This qualitative interview study aimed to identify values applicants believe should underlie selection, and how, according to applicants, these values should be used to make specific improvements to selection procedures in undergraduate health professions education (HPE).

Methods
Thirty-one applicants to five undergraduate HPE programs in the Netherlands participated in semi-structured interviews using Appreciative Inquiry, an approach that focuses on what goes well to create vision for improvement, to guide the interviews. Transcriptions were analyzed using thematic analysis, adopting a constructivist approach.

Results
Applicants’ values related to the aims of selection, the content of selection, and the treatment of applicants. Applicants believed that selection procedures should aim to identify students who best fit the training and profession, and generate diverse student populations to fulfill societal needs. According to applicants, the content of selection should be relevant for the curriculum and profession, assess a comprehensive set of attributes, be of high quality, allow applicants to show who they are, and be adapted to applicants’ current developmental state. Regarding treatment, applicants believed that selection should be a two-way process that fosters reflection on study choice, be transparent about what applicants can expect, safeguard applicants’ well-being, treat all applicants equally, and employ an equitable approach by taking personal circumstances into account. Applicants mentioned specific improvements regarding each value.

Discussion
Applicants’ values offer novel insights into what they consider important preconditions for the design of selection procedures. Their suggested improvements can support selection committees in better meeting applicants’ needs.