bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediagnosis Soy Food Consumption and Lung Cancer Survival in Women
Authors: Yang Gong , Shu Xiao-Ou , Li Hong-Lan , Chow Wong-Ho , Wen Wanqing , Xiang Yong-Bing , Zhang Xianglan , Cai Hui , Ji Bu-Tian , Gao Yu-Tang , Zheng Wei 
Published: March 2013

Purpose We recently reported an inverse association between soy food intake and lung cancer risk among nonsmoking women. The effect size for aggressive lung cancers was larger than that observed for other types of lung cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized that soy consumption may favorably affect the overall survival of patients with lung cancer. Patients and Methods This analysis included 444 women with incident lung cancer identified from the Shanghai Women's Health Study. Prediagnosis soy food intake was assessed at enrollment and reassessed 2 years later. Proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between soy food intake and overall survival. Results Of the 444 patients with lung cancer, 318 died during follow-up. Initial analyses including all patients showed that higher intake of soy food was associated with better overall survival after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle characteristics and other nonclinical factors. Larger effect sizes for the association were found after additional adjustment for tumor stage and treatment in analyses including 301 patients with data available on these clinical factors. Compared with the median intake of soy food, fully adjusted hazard ratios for total mortality associated with the 10th, 30th, 70th, and 90th percentiles of intake were 1.81 (95% CI, 1.26 to 2.59), 1.25 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.42), 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.97), and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.68 to 1.16), respectively. Similar inverse associations were observed for dietary isoflavone intake. Conclusion This study suggests, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, that, among women with lung cancer, prediagnosis intake of soy food is associated with better overall survival.
Elevated Risk of Prostate Cancer Among Men With Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Raymond Victoria M. , Mukherjee Bhramar , Wang Fei , Huang Shu-Chen , Stoffel Elena M. , Kastrinos Fay , Syngal Sapna , Cooney Kathleen A. , Gruber Stephen B. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose Prostate cancer has been described as a component tumor of Lynch syndrome (LS), with tumors obtained from mutation carriers demonstrating the DNA mismatch repair deficiency phenotype. Previous studies quantifying prostate cancer risk in LS have provided conflicting results. Methods We examined cancer histories of probands and their first- through fourth-degree relatives for 198 independent mutation-positive LS families enrolled in two US familial cancer registries. Modified segregation analysis was used to calculate age-specific cumulative risk or penetrance estimates, with accompanying Wald-type CIs. Cumulative lifetime risks and hazard ratio (HR) estimates for prostate cancer were calculated and compared with those of the general population. Results Ninety-seven cases of prostate cancer were observed in 4,127 men. Median age at prostate cancer diagnosis was 65 years (range, 38 to 89 years), with 11.53% of affected individuals diagnosed before age 50 years. The cumulative risk of prostate cancer at ages 60 and 80 years was 6.30% (95% CI, 2.47 to 9.96) and 30.0% (95% CI, 16.54 to 41.30), as compared with the population risk of 2.59% and 17.84%, respectively. The overall prostate cancer HR among carriers was 1.99 (95% CI, 1.31 to 3.03). Conclusion The cumulative lifetime risk of prostate cancer in individuals with LS is two-fold higher than in the general population and is slightly higher in carriers diagnosed before age 60 years (HR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.34 to 4.59). These estimates are clinically valuable to quantify risk for both patients and providers.
Effects of ocean acidification on early life-history stages of the intertidal porcelain crab Petrolisthes cinctipes
Authors: Ceballos-Osuna Lina , Carter Hayley A. , Miller Nathan A. , Stillman Jonathon H. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARY
Intertidal zone organisms naturally experience daily fluctuations in pH, presently reaching values beyond what is predicted for open ocean surface waters from ocean acidification (OA) by the year 2100, and thus present an opportunity to study the pH sensitivity of organisms that are presumably adapted to an acidified environment. The intertidal zone porcelain crab, Petrolisthes cinctipes, was used to study physiological responses to low pH in embryonic, larval and newly recruited juvenile life-history stages. In these crabs, embryonic development occurs in the pH-variable intertidal zone (pH 6.9–9.5), larvae mature in the more stable pelagic environment (pH 7.9–8.2), and juvenile crabs settle back into the pH-variable intertidal zone. We examined survival, cardiac performance, energetics and morphology in embryonic, larval and juvenile crabs exposed to two pH conditions (pH 7.9 and 7.6). Embryos and larvae were split by brood between the pH treatments for 9 days to examine brood-specific responses to low pH. Hatching success did not differ between pH conditions, but ranged from 30% to 95% among broods. Larval survival was not affected by acidification, but juvenile survival was reduced by ~30% after longer (40 days) exposure to low pH. Embryonic and larval heart rates were 37% and 20% lower at low pH, and there was a brood-specific response in embryos. Embryos did not increase in volume under acidified conditions, compared with a 15% increase in ambient conditions. We conclude that sustained exposure to low pH could be detrimental to P. cinctipes embryos and larvae despite the fact that embryos are regularly exposed to naturally fluctuating hypercapnic water in the intertidal zone. Importantly, our results indicate that early life-history stage responses to OA may be brood specific through as yet undetermined mechanisms.
Hypoxia-induced compression in the tracheal system of the tobacco hornworm caterpillar,Manduca sextaL.
Authors: Greenlee Kendra J. , Socha John J. , Eubanks Haleigh B. , Pedersen Paul , Lee Wah-Keat , Kirkton Scott D. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryAbdominal pumping in caterpillars has only been documented during molting. Using synchrotron x-ray imaging in conjunction with high-speed flow-through respirometry, we show that Manduca sexta L. caterpillars cyclically contract their bodies in response to hypoxia, resulting in significant compressions of the tracheal system. Compression of tracheae induced by abdominal pumping drives external gas exchange, as evidenced by the high correlation between CO2 emission peaks and body movements. During abdominal pumping, both the frequency and percent diameter change of tracheae increased with body mass. However, abdominal pumping and tracheal compression were only observed in larger, older caterpillars (&gt;0.2 g body mass), suggesting that this hypoxic response increases during ontogeny. The diameters of major tracheae in the thorax increased isometrically with body mass. However, tracheae in the head did not scale with mass, suggesting that there is a large safety margin for oxygen delivery in the head in the youngest animals. Together, these results highlight the need for more studies of tracheal system scaling and suggest that patterns of tracheal investment vary regionally in the body.
Pairs of pigeons act as behavioural units during route learning and co-navigational leadership conflicts
Authors: Flack Andrea , Freeman Robin , Guilford Tim , Biro Dora 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYIn many species, group members obtain benefits from moving collectively, such as enhanced foraging efficiency or increased predator detection. In situations where the group's decision involves integrating individual preferences, group cohesion can lead to more accurate outcomes than solitary decisions. In homing pigeons, a classic model in avian orientation studies, individuals learn habitual routes home, but whether and how co-navigating birds acquire and share route-based information is unknown. Using miniature GPS loggers, we examined these questions by first training pairs (the smallest possible flocks) of pigeons together, and then releasing them with other pairs that had received separate pair-training. Our results show that, much like solitary individuals, pairs of birds are able to establish idiosyncratic routes that they recapitulate together faithfully. Also, when homing with other pairs they exhibit a transition from a compromise- to a leadership-like mechanism of conflict resolution as a function of the degree of disagreement (distance separating the two preferred routes) between the two pairs, although pairs tolerate a greater range of disagreements prior to the transition than do single birds. We conclude that through shared experiences during past decision-making, pairs of individuals can become units so closely coordinated that their behaviour resembles that of single birds. This has implications for the behaviour of larger groups, within which certain individuals have closer social affiliations or share a history of previous associations.
Immune function is related to adult carotenoid and bile pigment levels, but not dietary carotenoid access during development, in female mallard ducks
Authors: Butler Michael W. , McGraw Kevin J. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryImmune function can be modulated by multiple physiological factors, including nutrition and reproductive state. Because these factors can vary throughout an individual’s lifetime due to environmental conditions (e.g. nutrition) or life-history stage (e.g. adult reproduction), we must carefully examine the degree to which developmental versus adult conditions shape performance of the immune system. We investigated how variation in dietary access to carotenoid pigments – a class of molecules with immunostimulatory properties that females deposit into egg yolks – during three different developmental time points affected adult immunological and reproductive traits in female mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). In males and females of other avian species, carotenoid access during development affects carotenoid assimilation ability, adult sexual ornamentation, and immune function, while carotenoid access at adulthood can increase immune response and reproductive investment (e.g. egg-laying capacity, biliverdin deposition in eggshells). We failed to find effects of developmental carotenoid supplementation on adult immune function (phytohemagglutinin-induced cutaneous immune response, antibody production in response to the novel antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin [KLH], or oxidative burst, assessed by change in circulating nitric oxide levels), carotenoid-pigmented beak coloration, ovarian development, circulating carotenoid levels, or concentration of bile pigments in the gall bladder. However, we did uncover positive relationships between circulating carotenoid levels at adulthood and KLH-specific antibody production, and a negative relationship between biliverdin concentration in bile and KLH-specific antibody production. These results are consistent with the view that adult physiological parameters better predict current immune function than do developmental conditions and highlight a possible, previously unstudied relationship between biliverdin and immune system performance.
The response of the scleractinian coralTurbinaria reniformisto thermal stress depends on the nitrogen status of the coral holobiont
Authors: Béraud Eric , Gevaert François , Rottier Cécile , Ferrier-Pagès Christine 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThe physiological response of the scleractinian coral Turbinaria reniformis to ammonium enrichment (3 µM) was examined at 26°C as well as during a 7d increase in temperature to 31°C (thermal stress). At 26°C, ammonium supplementation slightly changed the coral physiology. It induced a decrease in symbiont density, compensated by an increase in chlorophyll content per symbiont cell. Organic carbon release was reduced, likely due to a better utilization of the photosynthesized carbon (i.e. incorporation into proteins, kept into the coral tissue). The δ15N signature of the ammonium-enriched symbionts and host tissue was also significantly decreased by 4 and 2‰ respectively, compared to the non enriched conditions, suggesting an important uptake of inorganic nitrogen by the holobiont. Under thermal stress, coral colonies that were not nitrogen enriched experienced a drastic decrease in photosynthetic and photoprotective pigments (chlorophyll a, β carotene, diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin, peridinin), followed by a similar decrease in the rates of photosynthesis and calcification. Organic carbon release was not affected by this thermal stress. Conversely, nitrogen-enriched corals showed an increase in their pigment concentrations, which maintained rates of photosynthesis and calcification to ca. 60% and 100% of those obtained under control conditions respectively. These corals however lost more organic carbon into the environment. Overall, these results indicate that inorganic nitrogen availability can be important to determine the resilience of some scleractinian coral species to thermal stress, and can have an equivalent function as heterotrophic feeding concerning the maintenance of coral metabolism under stress conditions.
Evolving Role of Microparticles in the Pathophysiology of Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Lovren Fina , Verma Subodh 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUNDEndothelial dysfunction is an early event in the development and progression of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. Various human studies have identified that measures of endothelial dysfunction may offer prognostic information with respect to vascular events. Microparticles (MPs) are a heterogeneous population of small membrane fragments shed from various cell types. The endothelium is one of the primary targets of circulating MPs, and MPs isolated from blood have been considered biomarkers of vascular injury and inflammation.CONTENTThis review summarizes current knowledge of the potential functional role of circulating MPs in promoting endothelial dysfunction. Cells exposed to different stimuli such as shear stress, physiological agonists, proapoptotic stimulation, or damage release MPs, which contribute to endothelial dysfunction and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies indicate that MPs may trigger endothelial dysfunction by disrupting production of nitric oxide release from vascular endothelial cells and subsequently modifying vascular tone. Circulating MPs affect both proinflammatory and proatherosclerotic processes in endothelial cells. In addition, MPs can promote coagulation and inflammation or alter angiogenesis and apoptosis in endothelial cells.SUMMARYMPs play an important role in promoting endothelial dysfunction and may prove to be true biomarkers of disease state and progression.
Electronic Prescribing in Pediatrics: Toward Safer and More Effective Medication Management
Authors: Johnson Kevin B. , Lehmann Christoph U. ,   the COUNCIL ON CLINICAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, Del Beccaro Mark A. , Alexander Gregg , Drummond Willa H. , Francis Anne B. , Handler Eric G. , Johnson Timothy D. , Kim George R. , Leu Michael , Tham Eric , Weinberg Stuart T. , Zuckerman Alan E. 
Published: March 2013

This Technical Report was retired.
This technical report discusses recent advances in electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) systems, including the evidence base supporting their limitations and potential benefits. Specifically, this report acknowledges that there are limited but positive pediatric data supporting the role of e-prescribing in mitigating medication errors, improving communication with dispensing pharmacists, and improving medication adherence. On the basis of these data and on the basis of federal statutes that provide incentives for the use of e-prescribing systems, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the adoption of e-prescribing systems with pediatric functionality. This report supports the accompanying policy statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics recommending the adoption of e-prescribing by pediatric health care providers.
Polystyrene composites with very high carbon nanotubes loadings by in situ grafting polymerization
Authors: Espinosa-González Claudia G. , Rodríguez-Macías Fernando J. , Cano-Márquez Abraham G. , Kaur Jasmeet , Shofner Meisha L. , Vega-Cantú Yadira I. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Don Cupitt’s Ethical Jesus and a Secular Transcendence
Authors: Hey John 
Published: March 2013

In his latest book, Jesus and Philosophy, Don Cupitt looks for a “reform and renewal of Christianity.” He envisages this transformation by means of a recognition of the emotive foundation of ethics, a recognition which ousts a traditional moral realism. Examination of the teaching of Jesus reveals that he also evoked the emotive humanitarian nature of ethics over against a rigid divine law. Ethics, like Christianity, should be understood horizontally, rather than vertically. On this basis Jesus looked for a new world-order, based on an extravagant love.
There is much to be said for Cupitt’s demythologising of a metaphysical religion, particularly in the light of the recent scientific appreciation and development of Darwin’s work. There is merit also in Cupitt’s stress on the prophetic message, present in the teaching of Jesus, that knowledge of God is synonymous with love of the neighbour. However, his central thesis is damaged by a confusing epistemology, which fails to explain how an ethic of extravagant love can be derived merely from feeling, and by an uprooting of Jesus from his place in first-century Judaism and locating him in a post Enlightenment sceptical modernity.
Cupitt’s secular transcendence offers us the vision of a “secular Jesus” promoting a “quite new moral world.” However this important idea is undermined by a lack of clarity concerning the ethical transcendence, and an autonomous ethic which is compromised by reliance upon an eccentric interpretation of Jesus.
Porcelain Berry (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata), Bushkiller (Cayratia japonica), and Virginia-Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) in Interspecific Competition
Authors: Emerine Sherrie E. , Richardson Robert J. , Arellano Consuelo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPorcelain berry and bushkiller are confamilial, exotic, perennial vines in the Vitaceae family that are considered nuisance/invasive weeds of natural and riparian areas in the eastern United States. To better understand the competitive abilities of these aggressive weeds, greenhouse competition experiments were conducted on cuttings of porcelain berry, bushkiller, and Virginia-creeper, a native member of the Vitaceae family. Plants grown singly or in combination were monitored for stem growth and biomass production. In this research, porcelain berry and Virginia-creeper exhibited similar rates of stem growth, whereas bushkiller grew taller and faster than either of the other species. Porcelain berry stem growth was reduced in competition with bushkiller. All three species exhibited reduced stem biomass when grown with both other species. Root biomass of porcelain berry and Virginia-creeper were not affected by competition, but bushkiller, which produced the heaviest roots, exhibited reduced root biomass when grown with both other species. Porcelain berry root length was reduced by competition with both other species, but neither Virginia-creeper nor bushkiller root lengths were affected by competition. These results indicate that bushkiller is likely the strongest competitor of the three species studied. In these experiments, porcelain berry was less aggressive and vigorous than bushkiller but was similar to Virginia-creeper.
Effect of Aminopyralid on Desirable Forb Species
Authors: Mikkelson Jonathan R. , Lym Rodney G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNative forbs are important for plant community function and diversity, and provide food and cover for wildlife. Field studies have been conducted throughout the western United States to determine the impact of herbicides applied to control invasive weeds on native forbs. However, locating adequate populations of native forbs for evaluation of tolerance to herbicides is often difficult. The susceptibility of nine native prairie forbs to aminopyralid applied at 30 to 120 g ha−1 was evaluated in a greenhouse study and results compared to the same or similar species in field trials. Forb susceptibility to aminopyralid varied by species. Of the forbs evaluated, azure aster, purple coneflower, and closed bottle gentian were the most tolerant to aminopyralid while prairie coneflower, great blue lobelia, harebell, and white prairie clover were the most susceptible and likely would be killed in the field. Blanket flower and showy goldenrod were moderately tolerant to aminopyralid even when applied at 120 g ha−1. The susceptibility of greenhouse-grown forbs to aminopyralid was comparable to results for the same or similar species in the field. Results from greenhouse trials could be used to predict native forb tolerance in the field.
Invasive Earthworms and Plants in Indiana Old- and Second-Growth Forests
Authors: Gibson Kevin D. , Quackenbush Patricia M. , Emery Nancy C. , Jenkins Michael A. , Kladivko Eileen J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHardwood forests in eastern North America are being colonized by multiple nonnative plant and animal species. Colonization rates can be affected by stand structure and distance from edge. We sampled earthworm densities and understory plant species cover in transects located in paired old- and second-growth forests in Indiana. Two 100-m transects were established within each forest stand during late April to early May in each year. One transect was placed parallel to and within 5 m of a south- or west-facing edge. The second transect was placed parallel to the first. but at no less than 100 m from any edge. Nonnative earthworms and plants were found in forest edge and interior regardless of structural stage (second-growth vs. old-growth). The number of native plant species decreased linearly as the densities of adult Lumbricus and Aporrectodea earthworms and the percent cover of multiflora rose (an invasive plant species) increased. Densities of L. terrestris and Aporrectodea earthworms and percent cover of multiflora rose cumulatively explained 39% of the variation in the number of native plant species found in transects across the state. However, multivariate analyses suggested that the species composition of Indiana understory plant communities was affected more by geography than by earthworm densities. Our results suggest that nonnative earthworms and plants are ubiquitous in Indiana hardwood forests and that they may reduce the number of native plant species.