bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global scoping review of behavioral interventions to reduce plastic pollution with recommendations for key sectors
Authors: Nuojua Sohvi , Cracknell Deborah , Heske Anja , Pahl Sabine , Wyles Kayleigh J. , Thompson Richard C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnd users of single‐use plastics can help minimize their contribution to plastic pollution via mindful purchasing and waste management. These behaviors can be impacted via behavior change interventions in various key sectors of society. This review set out to summarize recent (2015–2023) peer‐reviewed evidence on interventions aimed at changing the plastic consumption, recycling, and/or littering behaviors of individuals across four sectors: business and retail, tourism and leisure, schools and education, and communities. Systematic literature searches were conducted across multiple databases and resulted in the inclusion of 92 intervention studies. Information on intervention strategy and effectiveness was extracted, and the studies were assessed for risk of bias. Intervention descriptions and outcomes were coded into five intervention categories (informational, contextual, prompts, social, and personal strategies) and synthesized qualitatively to inform future practice in an accessible manner. Although nearly half of the reviewed studies were assessed as having moderate‐to‐high risk of bias (e.g., lacked reliability assessment of outcome measures), limiting confidence in the documented findings, the review concludes that different strategies work in different sectors. For example, informational strategies showed mostly promising results in most sectors, but had mixed effectiveness in the education sector, while contextual modifications were effective across sectors.
Dermatomyositis‐like skin eruptions under hydroxyurea therapy conceal TP53‐mutated atypical keratinocytes: A histopathologic and molecular pathologic case series
Authors: Pruessmann Wiebke , Kirfel Jutta , Sailer Verena‐Wilbeth , Rose Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydroxyurea is an antimetabolite that inhibits DNA synthesis and is used as a treatment option in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Rarely, “dermatomyositis (DM)‐like” skin lesions are observed after long‐term therapy. In this case series, five skin biopsies of four patients were evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and next‐generation sequencing of the TP53 gene locus. All biopsies showed focal basal pleomorphic keratinocytes and suprabasal aberrant p53 expression as well as sparse to severe vacuolar interface dermatitis. Histopathologically, “DM‐like” skin lesions can be clearly distinguished from DM by marked subepidermal fibrosis, vascular proliferation, and the absence of dermal mucin deposits. In 75% of the specimens multiple, partly inactivating and/or pathogenic point mutations of TP53 were found in low frequencies. “DM‐like” skin eruptions as a long‐term consequence of hydroxyurea therapy are possibly not chemotherapy‐associated benign toxic changes, but rather inflammatory reactions to complex keratinocyte alterations that clinically mimic the picture of DM. Synergistic mutagenic effects of hydroxyurea and sunlight might be responsible for this unique drug side effect and could provide a pathogenic link to the known increased risk of skin cancer in these patients.
Sharing is caring: Designing incentive rebate strategies for information‐sharing alliances
Authors: Zhuo Yueran , Solak Senay , Zou Yi , Hu Bingyan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInformation security plays a crucial role in organizational governance and management, and information‐sharing alliances (ISAs) have emerged as effective platforms for the secure and controlled sharing of information security knowledge. Despite their potential, many ISAs face financial and operational challenges, including inadequate pricing policies and insufficient incentives for information sharing. This study addresses these challenges by proposing a modeling framework for the fee rebate strategies that ISAs can deploy to motivate effective information sharing. Taking into account the economic implications of both information sharing and information security technology investment, we propose two ISA‐based pricing rebate strategies for information sharing: the split‐return rebate strategy and the swap‐return rebate strategy. Analytical and numerical analyses are conducted to demonstrate the dynamics in different ISA settings under these pricing rebate strategies. The results suggest that in addition to firm size, the price for participating in sharing should be adjusted based on each participating firm's technology investment level, its information‐sharing level, and the marginal cost of information sharing. Also, by focusing on various information‐sharing environments, the study identifies specific conditions under which unfair sharing practices are likely to occur.
Current type 2 diabetes guidelines: Individualized treatment and how to make the most of metformin
Authors: Chan Juliana C. N. , Yang Aimin , Chu Natural , Chow Elaine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEvidence‐based guidelines provide the premise for the delivery of quality care to preserve health and prevent disabilities and premature death. The systematic gathering of observational, mechanistic and experimental data contributes to the hierarchy of evidence used to guide clinical practice. In the field of diabetes, metformin was discovered more than 100 years ago, and with 60 years of clinical use, it has stood the test of time regarding its value in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Although some guidelines have challenged the role of metformin as the first‐line glucose‐lowering drug, it is important to point out that the cardiovascular‐renal protective effects of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists were gathered from patients with type 2 diabetes, the majority of whom were treated with metformin. Most national, regional and international guidelines recommend metformin as a foundation therapy with emphasis on avoidance of therapeutic inertia and early attainment of multiple treatment goals. Moreover, real‐world evidence has confirmed the glucose‐lowering and cardiovascular‐renal benefits of metformin accompanied by an extremely low risk of lactic acidosis. In patients with type 2 diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate 15‐30 mL/min/1.73m2), metformin discontinuation was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular‐renal events compared with metformin persistence. Meanwhile, it is understood that microbiota, nutrients and metformin can interact through the gut‐brain‐kidney axis to modulate homeostasis of bioactive molecules, systemic inflammation and energy metabolism. While these biological changes contribute to the multisystem effects of metformin, they may also explain the gastrointestinal side effects and vitamin B12 deficiency associated with metformin intolerance. By understanding the interactions between metformin, foods and microbiota, healthcare professionals are in a better position to optimize the use of metformin and mitigate potential side effects. The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study and the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Program commenced 40 years ago provided the first evidence that type 2 diabetes is preventable and treatable. To drive real‐world impact from this evidence, payors, practitioners and planners need to co‐design and implement an integrated, data‐driven, metformin‐based programme to detect people with undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes (intermediate hyperglycaemia), notably impaired glucose tolerance, for early intervention. The systematic data collection will create real‐world evidence to bring out the best of metformin and make healthcare sustainable, affordable and accessible.
Clinical skills examination as part of the Swedish proficiency test of dentists educated outside of the EU/EEA
Authors: Dalum Jesper , Christidis Nikolaos , Häbel Henrike , Karlgren Klas , Leanderson Charlotte , Englund Gunilla Sandborgh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe increase in the migration of dentists educated outside the EU/EEA calls for the sharing of information and evaluation of recognition processes within countries in the EU. In 2017, the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare implemented the Proficiency test, a recognition process for dentists who have completed an education programme outside the EU/EEA. The Proficiency test consists of a theoretical and an integrated clinical skills examination, followed by a 6‐month clinical practice. The clinical skills examination is a two‐part examination that includes an OSCE and an operative test on a dental manikin. This paper presents data from proficiency tests between 2018 and 2022, and explores factors related to grade fail, that is, demographics, theoretical exam scores and language comprehension.Materials and MethodsIn a cohort study, demographics and factors associated with grade fail were explored using test results from theoretical and clinical skills examinations (n = 181) from 2018 to 2022. Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis were used for studying correlations and associations between exam results. Univariable linear and logistic regression models were used for background variable associations with clinical skills exam outcomes.ResultsHigher age was a significant risk factor for failing the clinical skills examination and the OSCE. Higher scores in the theoretical exam reduced the odds of failing the OSCE but were not associated with results in the operative test or the overall results of the clinical skills examination. Regarding the OSCE there was a statistically significant difference within all professional qualifications explored between participants who passed and participants who failed the OSCE.ConclusionsFour years of data collection reveal that age and previous theoretical exam results influence the odds of failing the clinical examination. The study results also highlight the necessity of multiple assessment formats to assess clinical and communication skills of foreign‐trained dentists.
Casual, customized and contemptuous relationships with education: Social solvation and young people's strategies during multi‐crisis
Authors: Sarnowska Justyna , Pustulka Paula , Kajta Justyna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on individual responses to education in crisis, with the strategies of students contextualised and examined within a wider multi‐crisis reality. Offering a conceptual framework of social solvation, the proposed model explains how failures in the education system at the macro (state) and meso (institutional) levels translate into young people's behaviours at the individual (micro) level. Based on the analysis of 26 in‐depth interviews with young students, we identify and discuss three main micro‐rational strategies that the interviewees relied upon to navigate their learning during the pandemic: (1) casualisation (2) customisation and (3) contempt towards the broader system. We argue that the already weak Polish education system was further impaired by the COVID‐19 crisis. In response to growing social and educational risks, young people forge and employ highly individualised strategies. As micro‐rational social actions essentially bypass the unwieldy education system in a variety of ways, they have vital implications for educational futures.
The role of N6‐methyladenosine RNA methylation in the crosstalk of circadian clock and neuroinflammation in rodent suprachiasmatic nuclei
Authors: Filipovská Eva , Čočková Zuzana , Černá Barbora , Kubištová Aneta , Spišská Veronika , Telenský Petr , Bendová Zdeňka 
Published: July 2024

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant epitranscriptomic mark that regulates the fate of RNA molecules. Recent studies have revealed a bidirectional interaction between m6A modification and the circadian clock. However, the precise temporal dynamics of m6A global enrichment in the central circadian pacemaker have not been fully elucidated. Our study investigates the relationship between FTO demethylase and molecular clocks in primary cells of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). In addition, we examined the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Fto expression and the role of FTO in LPS‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in primary SCN cell culture. We observed circadian rhythmicity in the global m6A levels, which mirrored the rhythmic expression of the Fto demethylase. Silencing FTO using siRNA reduced the mesor of Per2 rhythmicity in SCN primary cells and extended the period of the PER2 rhythm in SCN primary cell cultures from PER2::LUC mice. When examining the immune response, we discovered that exposure to LPS upregulated global m6A levels while downregulating Fto expression in SCN primary cell cultures. Interestingly, we found a loss of circadian rhythmicity in Fto expression following LPS treatment, indicating that the decrease of FTO levels may contribute to m6A upregulation without directly regulating its circadian rhythm. To explore potential protective mechanisms against neurotoxic inflammation, we examined ROS production following LPS treatment in SCN primary cell cultures pretreated with FTO siRNA. We observed a time‐dependent pattern of ROS induction, with significant peak at 32 h but not at 20 h after synchronization. Silencing the FTO demethylase abolished ROS induction following LPS exposure, supporting the hypothesis that FTO downregulation serves as a protective mechanism during LPS‐induced neuroinflammation in SCN primary cell cultures.
Childhood executive control and adolescent substance use: Mediation via parent–child relationship quality
Authors: Patwardhan Irina , Guo Ying , Fleming Charles B. , James Tiffany D. , Nelson Jennifer Mize , Espy Kimberly Andrews , Nelson Timothy D. , Mason W. Alex 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of the current study was to test prospective direct and indirect associations between preschool executive control (EC), parental affective quality and harsh discipline, and adolescent substance use (e‐cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol) while accounting for participants' age, sex, family history of substance use, and family socioeconomic status.MethodParticipants were 313 youth (49% boys; 70.9% European American) and their parents who participated in a longitudinal cohort‐sequential study on the development of EC in preschool and its associations with subsequent health outcomes. Substance use initiation and frequency (e‐cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol) were obtained via phone surveys from youth who participated in adolescent assessments. Parental affective quality and harsh discipline were obtained from parental questionnaires in adolescence.ResultsThe direct effects from preschool EC on adolescent substance use were statistically nonsignificant for e‐cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol. Mediation analyses revealed a statistically significant indirect effect from preschool EC to adolescent use of e‐cigarettes through harsh discipline (b = −0.07 [95% CI = −0.18; −0.01]; β = −0.04). The associations between preschool EC and any of the substance use outcomes in adolescence through parental affective quality were nonsignificant.ConclusionsThis study fills significant gaps in the emerging literature on longitudinal contributions of child characteristics to parenting behaviors, suggesting that early EC deficiencies may elicit more harsh discipline during adolescence, ultimately leading to higher adolescent engagement in e‐cigarette use.
The therapeutic effect of NRF2 activator, ezetimibe, in cardiac cachexia
Authors: Vashi Ruju , Joshi Mit , Patel Bhoomika M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionHeart failure (HF) is caused by functional and structural irregularity leading to impaired ejection or filling capacity of the heart. HF leads to chronic inflammatory conditions in the heart leads to weight loss, anorexia, and muscle atrophy known as cachexia. The present study was carried out to investigate the role of Ezetimibe, an NRF2 activator, in cardiac cachexia and to develop a treatment strategy for cardiac cachexia.MethodBalb/c mice of either sex at 6–8 weeks of age were given 2 mg/kg of doxorubicin in 0.9% sodium chloride solution intraperitoneally (i.p.) for the alternate days for the first week and then once a week for the next 4 weeks. After induction of cardiac atrophy, treatment with Ezetimibe (1.5 mg/kg, p.o) was given for the next 4 weeks.ResultIn the cardiac cachectic animals, a significant decrease in body weight, food, and water intake was observed. Cardiac cachectic animals showed a significant increase in serum glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, VLDL, CK‐MB, LDH, and CRP levels. Cardiac atrophic index, heart weight to body weight ratios (HW/BW), right ventricular weight to heart weight ratios (RV/HW), and left ventricular weight to heart weight ratios (LV/HW), were significantly decreased in cardiac cachectic animals. The weights of the skeletal muscles such as EDL, gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior, and quadriceps muscles, and the weight of adipose tissue such as subcutaneous, visceral, perirenal, and brown adipose tissue were significantly decreased in the cardiac cachectic group relative to the normal group. Treatment with ezetimibe improves body weight, food intake, and water intake. Ezetimibe decreases serum glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, VLDL, CK‐MB, LDH and CRP levels. Cardiac atrophic markers such as HW/BW, RV/HW, and LV/HW were improved. The weight of skeletal muscles and adipose tissue was increased after treatment with ezetimibe.ConclusionOur data showed that the NRF2 activator, Ezetimibe produces a beneficial effect on cardiac cachexia in the doxorubicin‐induced cardiac cachexia model. Ezetimibe was successful to reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines, ameliorate the effects on cardiac muscle wasting, lipid levels, fat tissues, and skeletal muscles.
Densification, microstructure, mechanical, and thermionic properties of spark plasma sintered LaB6–HfB2 composite
Authors: Wang Ke , Yang Xinyu , Zhao Wei , Gu Zengjie , Luo Shifeng , Zhang Jiuxing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLaB6–HfB2 composites with the different HfB2 contents (10 wt.%, 30 wt.%, 50 wt.%, 70 wt.%, and 90 wt.%) were densified by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Results showed that the densification mechanism of the composite transformed from the grain boundary diffusion into the dislocation climbing mechanism as the holding time was extended from 0 to 15 min under temperature range of 1750–1900°C. The HfB2 phase could effectively limit the grain growth of LaB6 phase, and the dynamic growth of the grain was governed by grain boundary diffusion. Both the Berkovich hardness and Vickers hardness obeyed the normal indentation size effect. LaB6–70 wt.% HfB2 composite had the highest fracture toughness of 3.98 ± .43 MPa m.5, whereas the highest current density of 18.34 A/cm2 belonged to LaB6–30 wt.% HfB2 composite. All the results demonstrated that LaB6–HfB2 composite was a promising material with the excellent structural and functional performance.
Age‐related impairment in testosterone elevation after anterior fibromuscular stroma preserved enucleation
Authors: Chang Ruei‐Je , Tsai Chih‐Yiu , Tsai Han‐Yu , Tsao Shu‐Han , Hou Chen‐Pang , Juang Horng‐Heng , Lin Yu‐Hsiang 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the impact of anterior fibromuscular stroma preserved enucleation (AFSPE) of the prostate on serum testosterone levels in patients with benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) and to explore age‐related differences in postoperative testosterone elevation.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis, 304 patients from a pool of 560 who underwent AFSPE at Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between January 2018 and December 2021 were evaluated. Patients were stratified based on preoperative testosterone levels into low (<3.5 ng/mL) and normal (≥3.5 ng/mL) groups. Serum testosterone levels were measured preoperatively, at 1.5 and 3–6 months postoperatively. Age and other demographic data were analyzed as potential factors influencing testosterone changes.ResultsThe low‐testosterone group (n = 90) showed significant testosterone increases, from an average of 2.61 ng/mL preoperatively to 3.3 ng/mL at 1.5 months and 3.59 ng/mL at 3–6 months postoperatively (p < 0.0001). The normal‐testosterone group (n = 214) maintained stable testosterone levels at 1.5 months but exhibited a significant rise to 6.06 ng/mL by 3–6 months (p = 0.0079). Older age was inversely associated with postoperative testosterone elevation in both groups. Improvements in nocturia were notable in both groups.ConclusionsAFSPE of the prostate significantly elevates serum testosterone levels in men with BPO, particularly benefiting those initially with low levels. Age is a crucial factor influencing postoperative testosterone changes, indicating that younger patients may benefit more from this intervention. AFSPE offers a promising approach for improving hormonal health in BPO patients, alongside alleviating urinary symptoms.
‘They must know their rights’– reflecting on privacy, informed consent and the digital agency of asylum seekers and refugees in border contexts
Authors: Lintner Claudia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe article questions digital agency as a subjective experience of refugees when crossing Europe's external and internal borders. More concretely, the article asks how refugees experience digital agency, and how this concrete experience is constituted in specific border practices. In doing so, it examines the contradictions that arise between European laws and human rights in the context of border practices. The analysis of the data of this paper reflects two important components of digital agency: the sense of ownership and control of one's body and actions, and the capacity to think independently and thus make considered choices. This study is based on a qualitative research approach based on narrative interviews. The data was imported to MAXQDA, a software package that allows data to be efficiently collected, organised, analysed and visualised electronically. The article shows how refugees and asylum seekers, when crossing the border to Europe, do not simply enter another country, but a (powerful) institutional system. In having their biometric and digital data collected, they are confronted with several practices of border and risk management that have become routinised and thus ‘normalised’ on an institutional level. Thus, their digital agency must be understood as precarious, underscored by an installed coercive environment.