bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TSPO is a REDOX regulator of cell mitophagy
Authors: Gatliff Jemma , Campanella Michelangelo 
Published: August 2015

The mitochondrial 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) was originally discovered as a peripheral binding site of benzodiazepines to be later described as a core element of cholesterol trafficking between cytosol and mitochondria from which the current nomenclature originated. The high affinity it exhibits with chemicals (i.e. PK11195) has generated interest in the development of mitochondrial based TSPO-binding drugs for in vitro and in vivo analysis. Increased TSPO expression is observed in numerous pathologies such as cancer and inflammatory conditions of the central nervous system (CNS) that have been successfully exploited via protocols of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. We endeavoured to dissect the molecular role of TSPO in mitochondrial cell biology and discovered a functional link with quality control mechanisms operated by selective autophagy. This review focuses on the current understanding of this pathway and focuses on the interplay with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), to which TSPO binds, in the regulation of cell mitophagy and hence homoeostasis of the mitochondrial network as a whole.
The 18-kDa mitochondrial translocator protein in gliomas: from the bench to bedside
Authors: Janczar Karolina , Su Zhangjie , Raccagni Isabella , Anfosso Andrea , Kelly Charlotte , Durrenberger Pascal F. , Gerhard Alexander , Roncaroli Federico 
Published: August 2015

The 18-kDa mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) is known to be highly expressed in several types of cancer, including gliomas, whereas expression in normal brain is low. TSPO functions in glioma are still incompletely understood. The TSPO can be quantified pre-operatively with molecular imaging making it an ideal candidate for personalized treatment of patient with glioma. Studies have proposed to exploit the TSPO as a transporter of chemotherapics to selectively target tumour cells in the brain. Our studies proved that positron emission tomography (PET)-imaging can contribute to predict progression of patients with glioma and that molecular imaging with TSPO-specific ligands is suitable to stratify patients in view of TSPO-targeted treatment. Finally, we proved that TSPO in gliomas is predominantly expressed by tumour cells.
Role of chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 for platelet function
Authors: Chatterjee Madhumita , Rath Dominik , Gawaz Meinrad 
Published: August 2015

Platelet-derived SDF-1α (stromal cell derived factor-α) mediates inflammation, immune defence and repair mechanisms at site of tissue injury. This review summarizes the relative expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and CXCR7 in platelets, their dynamic trafficking in presence of ligands like chemokine C-X-C-motif ligand 11 (CXCL11), CXCL12 and MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor); how these receptors differentially mediate the functional and survival response to the chemokines CXCL11, CXCL12 and MIF. We further elaborate and emphasize the prognostic significance of platelet surface expression of CXCR4–CXCR7 in the context of coronary artery disease (CAD). SDF-1α/CXCL12, CXCL11, MIF effects mediated through CXCR4 and CXCR7 may play a regulatory role at the site of vascular and tissue inflammation, immune defence and repair where activated platelets reach as forerunners and function as critical players.
Unbiased phosphoproteomic method identifies the initial effects of a methacrylic acid copolymer on macrophages
Authors: Chamberlain Michael Dean , Wells Laura A. , Lisovsky Alexandra , Guo Hongbo , Isserlin Ruth , Talior-Volodarsky Ilana , Mahou Redouan , Emili Andrew , Sefton Michael V. 
Published: August 2015

SignificanceCells interact with materials, such as those used in implants, through an adsorbed protein layer that causes changes in cell behavior and gene expression. We have identified the activation of signaling pathways in the cell by a material by unbiased screening of changes in phosphorylation patterns in the cell after material exposure to the material. These changes were apparent 10 min after exposure, filling the gap between the seconds of protein adsorption and the hours of gene expression and leading to the identification of hitherto unknown effects of materials on cells.
Lexical shifts, substantive changes, and continuity in State of the Union discourse, 1790–2014
Authors: Rule Alix , Cointet Jean-Philippe , Bearman Peter S. 
Published: August 2015

SignificanceA synoptic picture of the evolution of American politics is presented, based on analysis of the corpus of presidents’ State of the Union addresses, 1790–2014. The paper presents a strategy for automated text analysis that can identify meaningful categories in textual corpora that span longdurées, where terms, concepts and language use changes, and evolution of topical structure is a priori unknown. Discourse streams identified as river networks reveal how change in contents masks continuity in the articulation of the major tasks of governance over US history.
Detection of fundamental and first harmonic cyclotron line in X-ray pulsar Cep X-4
Authors: Jaisawal Gaurava K. , Naik Sachindra 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We report the broad-band spectral properties of the X-ray pulsar Cep X-4 by using a Suzaku observation in 2014 July. The 0.8–70 keV spectrum was found to be well described by three continuum models – Negative and Positive power-law with Exponential cut-off (NPEX), high-energy cut-off power-law and CompTT models. Additional components such as a cyclotron line at ∼28 keV and two Gaussian components for iron lines at 6.4 and 6.9 keV were required in the spectral fitting. Apart from these, an additional absorption feature at ∼45 keV was clearly detected in residuals obtained from the spectral fitting. This additional feature at ∼45 keV was clearly seen in phase-resolved spectra of the pulsar. We identified this feature as the first harmonic of the fundamental cyclotron line at ∼28 keV. The ratio between the first harmonic and fundamental line energies (1.7) was found to be in disagreement with the conventional factor of 2, indicating that the heights of line-forming regions are different or viewed at larger angles. The phase-resolved spectroscopy of the fundamental and first harmonic cyclotron lines shows significant pulse-phase variation of the line parameters. This can be interpreted as the effect of viewing angle or the role of complicated magnetic field of the pulsar.
Distribution of gene tree histories under the coalescent model with gene flow
Authors: Tian Yuan , Kubatko Laura S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe propose a coalescent model for three species that allows gene flow between both pairs of sister populations. The model is designed to analyze multilocus genomic sequence alignments, with one sequence sampled from each of the three species. The model is formulated using a Markov chain representation, which allows use of matrix exponentiation to compute analytical expressions for the probability density of gene tree genealogies. The gene tree history distribution as well as the gene tree topology distribution under this coalescent model with gene flow are then calculated via numerical integration. We analyze the model to compare the distributions of gene tree topologies and gene tree histories for species trees with differing effective population sizes and gene flow rates. Our results suggest conditions under which the species tree and associated parameters are not identifiable from the gene tree topology distribution when gene flow is present, but indicate that the gene tree history distribution may identify the species tree and associated parameters. Thus, the gene tree history distribution can be used to infer parameters such as the ancestral effective population sizes and the rates of gene flow in a maximum likelihood (ML) framework. We conduct computer simulations to evaluate the performance of our method in estimating these parameters, and we apply our method to an Afrotropical mosquito data set (Fontaine et al., 2015) to demonstrate the usefulness of our method for the analysis of empirical data.
A common framework for identifying linkage rules across different types of interactions
Authors: Bartomeus I. , Gravel D. , Tylianakis J.M. , Aizen M.A. , Dickie I. A. , Bernard-Verdier M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSpecies interactions, ranging from antagonisms to mutualisms, form the architecture of biodiversity and determine ecosystem functioning. Understanding the rules responsible for who interacts with whom, as well as the functional consequences of these interspecific interactions, is central to predicting community dynamics and stability. Species traitssensu latomay affect different ecological processes determining species interactions through a two-step process. First, ecological and life-history traits govern species distributions and abundance, and hence determine species co-occurrence, which is a prerequisite for them to interact. Second, morphological traits between co-occurring potential interaction partners should match for the realization of an interaction. Moreover, inferring functioning from a network of interactions may require the incorporation of interaction efficiency. This efficiency may be also trait-mediated, and can depend on the extent of matching, or on morphological, physiological or behavioural traits. It has been shown that both neutral and trait-based models can predict the general structure of networks, but they rarely accurately predict individual interactions, suggesting that these models may be predicting the right structure for the wrong reason. We propose to move away from testing null models with a framework that explicitly models the probability of interaction among individuals given their traits. The proposed models integrate both neutral and trait-matching constraints while using only information about known interactions, thereby overcoming problems originating from under-sampling of rare interactions (i.e. missing links). They can easily accommodate qualitative or quantitative data, and can incorporate trait variation within species, such as values that vary along developmental stages or environmental gradients. We use three case studies to show that they can detect strong trait matching (e.g. predator-prey system), relaxed trait matching (e.g. herbivore-plant system) and barrier trait matching (e.g. plant-pollinator systems). Only by elucidating which species traits are important in each process, i.e. in determining interaction establishment, frequency, and efficiency, can we advance in explaining how species interact and the consequences for ecosystem functioning.
Reduced Glucose Sensation Can Increase the Fitness ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeLacking Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Akdoğan Emel , Tardu Mehmet , Garipler Görkem , Baytek Gülkız , Kavaklı İ. Halil , Dunn Cory D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDamage to the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) can lead to diseases for which there are no clearly effective treatments. Since mitochondrial function and biogenesis are controlled by the nutrient environment of the cell, it is possible that perturbation of conserved, nutrient-sensing pathways may successfully treat mitochondrial disease. We found that restricting glucose or otherwise reducing the activity of the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway can lead to improved proliferation ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaecells lacking mtDNA and that the transcriptional response to mtDNA loss is reduced in cells with diminished PKA activity. We have excluded many pathways and proteins from being individually responsible for the benefits provided to cells lacking mtDNA by PKA inhibition, and we found that robust import of mitochondrial polytopic membrane proteins may be required in order for cells without mtDNA to receive the full benefits of PKA reduction. Finally, we have discovered that the transcription of genes involved in arginine biosynthesis and aromatic amino acid catabolism is altered after mtDNA damage. Our results highlight the potential importance of nutrient detection and availability on the outcome of mitochondrial dysfunction.
What is normal behaviour in persons with developmental disabilities?
Authors: Dosen Anton , De Groef Johan 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– Annoying and bothersome behaviours among persons with developmental disabilities (DD) is a relatively frequent phenomenon. However, not all behaviour that is difficult to accept in its surroundings should be seen as abnormal or problem behaviour (PB). Some of these behaviours may be an expression of a person’s psychosocial needs and may be considered as adaptive and normal. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Authors attempt to discuss relevant issues in persons with DD which have an impact on their behaviour, intending in this way to define criteria for a reliable differentiation between normal and abnormal behaviour and psychiatric disorders.Findings– Differentiating between normal and abnormal may be a difficult task for a professional treating persons with DD because of the lack of adequate criteria for such differentiation. The problem becomes even more complex when one attempts to differentiate between PB and psychiatric disorder. By approaching the subject from a developmental perspective and by determining the level of the person’s emotional development, insight in subjective person’s experiences was achieved. On the ground of a “good practice” the authors made schemata outlining criteria for differentiation between these constructs.Originality/value– The application of these schemata in the practice made it easier to establish appropriate diagnoses and was favourable for the planning of adequate treatment and support of persons with DD and mental health problems.
Another kind of difference
Authors: O'Connor Jennifer 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– Argues that a new approach needs to be adopted if organizations are truly to be transformed into ones which could be characterized as diverse.

Design/methodology/approach
– Considers whether an authentic developmental approach could be undertaken as a means to ensure organizations are authentic, using case material from an authentic development program delivered in the context of a diverse higher-education institution.

Findings
– Shows that, in order to create and cultivate an authentic organization, the individual life stories of all employees in addition to the organization life story would need to.

Practical implications
– Considers that it is imperative, in order to demonstrate courage and commitment, that the program be commenced with the owners, board of directors (including non-executive members), the senior management team, human-resources team and new members to the organization as part of the induction or graduate training. Both direct and indirect resources would require long-term commitment (two-five years) alongside the recognition that employees of the organization may leave as they were either not suited to the corporate approach or there is a mismatch in values, which might necessitate additional cost. The program would be driven by external expertise as a safe environment needed to be created alongside a commitment to confidentiality. Finally, the results of the program would be aligned with the performance-management initiatives and other change initiatives adopted as a result of the outcomes identified.

Social implications
– Claims that today’s talent holds very different expectations of work and possesses a range of dissimilar values. In particular, the millennials – sometimes called generation Y, gen net, Google generation and technology generation – hold very different expectations about the concept of work. Furthermore, if successful organizations wish to remain attractive and retain their talent, they would need to cultivate an organizational-development approach that is best fit for today’s society. In order to achieve this aim, it is crucial that an authentic leadership approach is adopted.

Originality/value
– Presents case material primarily based on evidence from a study of millennials/generation Y/gen net/Google generation/tech generation who have explored their values and how these relate to the organization.
Design evaluation of the fractured main landing gear of a BAE Jetstream SX-SKY aircraft
Authors: Chondrou I. T. , Mavrantonakis G , Tsagarakis N , Vergis E , Pangalos D , Chondros T. G. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study the main landing gear (MLG) mechanism configuration.Design/methodology/approach– Mechanism kinematics and dynamics, stress analysis and sizing of the MLG structural members, and fatigue issues related with the mechanism operation. Spreadsheet solutions were incorporated to this survey to analyze the most conceivable loading situations, and important factors of the mechanism design for an initial evaluation of safety implications.Findings– MLG design approach along with conservative fatigue design factors lies in the area of accepted limits in commercial aircraft industry.Research limitations/implications– MLG loading associated with landing as well as those associated with ground maneuvers (steering, braking and taxiing) contribute significantly to fatigue damage, along with the stresses induced by manufacturing processes and assembly. The application of FEA methods for the design of the landing gear does not always guarantee a successful approach to the problem solution, if precise analytical solutions are not available in advance.Practical implications– From the investigation of this incident of fractured struts of the MLG it is confirmed that the reduction in Pintle Housing diameter on the upper part has contributed to the avoidance of damaging the fuel tank above the MLG that would lead to a catastrophic event. On the other hand, the airframe of the SKY-Jet was proved efficient for a belly landing with minor damages to the passengers and heavier damages for the aircraft.Social implications– On-line vibration monitoring sensors hooked up to the landing gear strut and Pintle House would greatly enhance safety, without relying in optical surveys in hard to access and inspect areas of the landing gears mechanisms housings.Originality/value– Analytic methods were adopted and spreadsheet solutions were developed for the MLG main loading situations, along with design issues concerning mechanism kinematics and dynamics, stress analysis and sizing of the MLG structural members, as well as fatigue issues related with the mechanism operation. Spreadsheet solutions were incorporated to this survey to analyze the most conceivable loading situations, and important factors of the mechanism design for an initial evaluation of safety implications.
Chinese regional productivity and urbanization: a county-level study in 2007-2010
Authors: Jin Fei , Zhang Qi 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to analyze the total factor productivity (TFP) performance of Chinese counties and cities over the period from 2007 to 2010. Chinese regional and urban–rural TFP performance are investigated by using county-level data, and the impact of the urbanization policy on TFP is discussed.

Design/methodology/approach
– The data envelopment analysis (DEA)-Malmquist technique and Kumbhakar–Sun’s semi-parametric model are used for TFP change measurement and comparison. The county-level TFP performances are summarized and studied by statistical methods. Their spatial distribution is exhibited in a geographical thematic map.

Findings
– The county-level analysis proves that China underwent a large-scale TFP decline over the period from 2007 to 2010. Statistically speaking, cities’ TFP growth is more positive than counties’; however, different provinces also have their regional characteristics. In addition, the Chinese Hukou (household registration) institution divides Chinese urbanization into halves, which have the opposite correlation on TFP growth.

Research limitations/implications
– Because the collection of county-level data is enormous and costly, this study only focuses on a very short period (2007-2010) with estimated data. This TFP change analysis is limited to the short-term phenomenon around the 2008 international financial crisis.

Practical implications
– This study provides a visual spatial distribution for county-level TFP change in China over the period 2007-2010. Results of the analysis demonstrate that the Chinese Hukou system is among the policy factors that can influence productivity in the course of urbanization.

Originality/value
– The achievement of the first nationwide county-level TFP change study for economic growth in China is innovative. This study provides a unique perspective for understanding productivity performance at the regional level over the period investigated, which provides invaluable data for investigating the impact of urbanization and the rural–urban gap on TFP growth.
Physiological differences of five Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) ecotypes growing under common growth conditions were related to native local climate
Authors: Varone Laura , Vitale Marcello , Catoni Rosangela , Gratani Loretta 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme climatic conditions is expected for the Mediterranean area as a response to climate change. As a consequence, the ability of Mediterranean plant species to adapt to complex and stressful environmental conditions plays an important role in driving their future distribution. The adaption of plant species may be expressed by ecotypes already adapted to local climate. Our goal was to analyse the seasonal physiological behaviour of five Quercus ilex ecotypes coming from different Italian geographical areas (from the north to the south) in order to test if ecotypes maintained their physiological traits when grown in the same environmental conditions. Measurements of gas exchange, biochemistry and chlorophyll fluorescence carried out during winter, spring and summer underlined that the response of the considered ecotypes reflected the climate of the original provenances, particularly under suboptimal conditions. The ecotypes from the northernmost and the southernmost limits were the most sensitive to high and low temperatures, respectively. Our results can be used to advance hypotheses about the respone of Q. ilex to climate change.