bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incenting managers toward the triple bottom line: An agency and social norm perspective
Authors: Merriman Kimberly K. , Sen Sagnika 
Published: December 2012

AbstractResearch to date has identified CEO pay structure as an important factor in the environmental and social performance of the organization but has not considered how pay may influence these sustainability efforts at the middle‐management level. We address this void with an experimental manipulation of direct and indirect pay incentives for an environmental sustainability project and production cost savings project. Counter to our predictions, investment in sustainability versus cost savings is significantly lower when incentives for both projects are equivalent, and investment is only comparable when incentives for the sustainability project are superior. Further investigation using qualitative data attributes this to differences in the salient social norms that individuals hold and an apparent undervaluing of the indirect incentive derived through sustainability's contribution to cost savings. The results shed light on primary ways in which human resource management practices may be used to embed support for sustainability initiatives throughout the organization.
Poly‐(L‐lactic acid) and citric acid‐crosslinked gelatin composite matrices as a drug‐eluting stent coating material with endothelialization, antithrombogenic, and drug release properties
Authors: Inoue Motoki , Sasaki Makoto , Katada Yasuyuki , Fujiu Katsuhito , Manabe Ichiro , Nagai Ryozo , Taguchi Tetsushi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBiodegradable composite matrices comprising poly‐(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and citric acid‐crosslinked alkali‐treated gelatin (AlGelatin) with endothelialization, antithrombogenic, and drug release properties were prepared. The characterization of composite matrices with various mixing ratios was performed by evaluating their swelling ratio, endothelial cell culture, antithrombogenic tests, and drug release behavior. Tamibarotene (Am80), which specifically inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation, was employed as the drug. The swelling ratio of composite matrices decreased as the PLLA content decreased. The number of endothelial cells cultured on the surfaces of composite matrices was maximal at the PLLA/AlGelatin‐TSC ratio of 80/20. Antithrombogenic tests revealed that the levels of platelets and fibrin network formation decreased as the AlGelatin‐TSC content increased. The Am80 release test indicated that the release rate decreased as PLLA content increased. Using the resulting composite matrix, Am80‐eluting stents possessing a smooth surface and a coating thickness of ∼15 μm were successfully obtained. Am80 was continuously released from the resulting stent at ∼40%, up to 28 days without burst release. Therefore, Am80‐eluting stent with its antithrombogenic and endothelialization properties has great potential for clinical use. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Effect of femoral head size on the wear of metal on metal bearings in total hip replacements under adverse edge‐loading conditions
Authors: Al‐Hajjar Mazen , Fisher John , Williams Sophie , Tipper Joanne L. , Jennings Louise M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMetal‐on‐metal (MoM) bearings have shown low‐wear rates under standard hip simulator conditions; however, retrieval studies have shown large variations in wear rates and mechanisms. High‐wear in vivo has caused catastrophic complications and has been associated with steep cup‐inclination angle (rotational malpositioning). However, increasing the cup‐inclination angle in vitro has not replicated the increases in wear to the same extent as those observed in retrievals. Clinically relevant wear rates, patterns, and particles were observed in vitro for ceramic‐on‐ceramic bearings when microseparation (translational malpositioning) conditions were introduced into the gait cycle. In the present study, 28 and 36‐mm MoM bearings were investigated under adverse conditions. Increasing the cup angle from 45° to 65° resulted in a significant increase in the wear rate of the 28 mm bearings. However, for the 36 mm bearings, head‐rim contact did not occur under the steep cup‐angle condition, and the wear rate did not increase. The introduction of microseparation to the gait cycle significantly increased the wear rate of the MoM bearings. Cup angle and head size did not influence the wear rate under microseparation conditions. This study indicated that high‐in vivo wear rates were associated with edge loading due to rotational malpositioning such as high‐cup‐inclination angle and translational malpositioning that could occur due to several surgical factors. Translational malpositioning had a more dominant effect on the wear rate. Preclinical simulation testing should be undertaken with translational and rotational malpositioning conditions as well as standard walking cycle conditions defined by the ISO standard. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.
Bone blood flow and metabolism in humans: Effect of muscular exercise and other physiological perturbations
Authors: Heinonen Ilkka , Kemppainen Jukka , Kaskinoro Kimmo , Langberg Henning , Knuuti Juhani , Boushel Robert , Kjaer Michael , Kalliokoski Kari K 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Human bone blood flow and metabolism during physical exercise remains poorly characterized. In the present study we measured femoral bone blood flow and glucose uptake in young healthy subjects by positron emission tomography in three separate protocols. In 6 women, blood flow was measured in femoral bone at rest and during one-leg intermittent isometric exercise with increasing exercise intensities. In 9 men, blood flow in the femur was determined at rest and during dynamic one-leg exercise and two other physiological perturbations: moderate systemic hypoxia (14 O2) at rest and during exercise, and during intrafemoral infusion of high-dose adenosine. Bone glucose uptake was measured at rest and during dynamic one-leg exercise in 5 men. The results indicate that isometric exercise increased femoral bone blood flow from rest (1.8 ± 0.6 mL/100 g/min) to low intensity exercise (4.1 ± 1.5 mL/100 g/min, p = 0.01), but blood flow did not increase further with increasing intensity. Resting femoral bone blood flow in men was similar to that of women and dynamic one-leg exercise increased it to 4.2 ± 1.2 mL/100 g/min, p &lt; 0.001. Breathing of hypoxic air did not change femoral bone blood flow at rest or during exercise, but intra-arterial infusion of adenosine during resting conditions increased bone blood flow to 5.7 ± 2.4 mL/100 g/min, to the level of moderate-intensity dynamic exercise. Dynamic one-leg exercise increased femoral bone glucose uptake 4.7-fold compared to resting contralateral leg. In conclusion, resting femoral bone blood flow increases by physical exercise, but appears to level off with increasing exercise intensities. Moreover, although moderate systemic hypoxia does not change bone blood flow at rest or during exercise, intra-arterially administered adenosine during resting conditions is capable of markedly enhancing bone blood flow in humans. Finally, bone glucose uptake also increases substantially in response to exercise. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Storytelling as a vehicle for self‐awareness: Establishing a foundation for intercultural competency development
Authors: Andenoro Anthony C. , Popa Adrian B. , Bletscher Caitlin G. , Albert Joseph 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIntercultural competence and the ability to work with diverse populations are critical for successful experiences abroad. Immersion has been identified as a strong preparatory and developmental opportunity for learners engaging in these experiences. However the increasing cost of higher education and the depletion of federal support for these programs have forced educators to employ innovative means to prepare students for international experiences. The authors address this charge via theoretical perspectives suggesting the inclusion of storytelling and narrative as a means of developing self‐awareness and a pathway towards intercultural competence. This perspective provides the foundation for global competency development in non‐immersive contexts with respect to the underlying financial limitations in the current higher education landscape. The authors provide an educational framework that has the potential for a renewed emphasis on self‐development and ultimately, the creation of more globally conscious study abroad learners.
Characterization of oseltamivir‐resistant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in Taiwan in 2009–2011
Authors: Yang Ji‐Rong , Huang Yuan‐Pin , Chang Feng‐Yee , Hsu Li‐Ching , Huang Hsiang‐Yi , Pan Yi‐Tsan , Lin Yu‐Cheng , Wu Ho‐Sheng , Liu Ming‐Tsan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe early isolated swine‐origin influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were susceptible to oseltamivir; however, there is a concern about whether oseltamivir‐resistant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses will spread worldwide as did the oseltamivir‐resistant seasonal influenza A(H1N1) viruses in 2007–2008. In this study, the frequency of oseltamivir resistance in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses was determined in Taiwan. From May 2009 to April 2011, 1,335 A(H1N1)pdm09‐positive cases in Taiwan were tested for the H275Y mutation in the neuraminidase (NA) gene that confers resistance to oseltamivir. Among these, 15 patients (1.1%) were found to be infected with H275Y virus. All the resistant viruses were detected after the patients have received the oseltamivir. The overall monthly ratio of H275Y‐harboring viruses ranged between 0% and 2.88%, and the peak was correlated with influenza epidemics. The genetic analysis revealed that the oseltamivir‐resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses can emerged from different variants with a great diversity under drug pressure. The ratio of NA/HA activities in different clades of oseltamivir‐resistant viruses was reduced compared to those in the wild‐type viruses, indicating that the balance of NA/HA in the current oseltamivir‐resistant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses was interfered. It is possible that H275Y‐bearing A(H1N1)pdm09 virus has not yet spread globally because it lacks the essential permissive mutations that can compensate for the negative impact on fitness by the H275Y amino acid substitution in NA. Continuous monitoring the evolution patterns of sensitive and resistant viruses is required to respond to possible emergence of resistant viruses with permissive genetic background which enable the wide spread of resistance. J. Med. Virol. 85:379–387, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of ELISA detection of broad‐spectrum anti‐Epstein–Barr virus antibodies associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chang Cindy , Middeldorp Jaap , Yu Kelly J. , Juwana Hedy , Hsu Wan‐Lun , Lou Pei‐Jen , Wang Cheng‐Ping , Chen Jen‐Yang , Liu Mei‐Ying , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Chen Chien‐Jen , Hildesheim Allan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC). A distinct seroreactivity pattern to EBV is predictive of subsequent risk of sporadic and familial nasopharyngeal carcinomas. There are currently no accepted screening tools for guiding the clinical management of individuals at high‐risk for nasopharyngeal carcinomas, particularly unaffected relatives from nasopharyngeal carcinoma multiplex families. Therefore, the reproducibility of a panel of largely synthetic peptide‐based anti‐EBV antibody ELISAs was evaluated and their ability to distinguish nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases from controls was explored. IgG and IgA antibodies against 6 different EBV antigens (10 assays, total) were tested on sera from 97 individuals representing the full spectrum of anti‐EBV seroprevalence (i.e., healthy individuals with no known EBV seroreactivity, healthy individuals with known EBV seroreactivity, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases). Each specimen was tested in triplicate to assess within‐batch and across‐batch variation, and the triplicate testing was repeated on two separate days. Reproducibility was assessed by the coefficients of variation (CVs) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). All markers were detectable in 17% or more of samples. For all but one marker, the overall, within‐batch, and across‐batch CVs were below 15%, and the ICCs were above 70% for all but three markers. Sensitivity of these markers to detect prevalent nasopharyngeal carcinomas ranged from 22% to 100%, and among unaffected controls, most distinguished those with and without known seropositivity. In conclusion, a large number of EBV markers can be measured reliably in serum samples using peptide‐based anti‐EBV ELISAs. J. Med. Virol. 85:524–529, 2013. Puiblished 2012. This is a US government work, and, as such, is in the public domain of The United States of America.
Intra‐arterial cisplatin with concomitant radiation for advanced hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Nomura Kenichiro , Takahara Miki , Katayama Akihiro , Kishibe Kan , Kunibe Isamu , Katada Akihiro , Hayashi Tatsuya , Harabuchi Yasuaki 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The current study evaluated the efficacy of radiation and concomitant high‐dose superselective intra‐arterial cisplatin infusion (RADPLAT) for patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer.Study Design:Retrospective, single‐institutional study.Methods:Between February 2004 and October 2010, 43 patients with T2N0 or worse cancer were given superselective intra‐arterial infusions of cisplatin (100‐mg/m2 or 75‐mg flat dose per week) with simultaneous intravenous infusions of thiosulfate to neutralize cisplatin toxicity and conventional external beam radiotherapy (60–66 Gy).Results:In total, three, seven, 21, and 12 patients were diagnosed with stage II, III, IVA, and IVB cancer, respectively. During the median follow‐up period of 34 months, the 3‐year overall survival, disease‐specific survival, and progression‐free survival rates for all patients were 52.2%, 68.2%, and 56.1%, respectively. The 3‐year local control and laryngoesophageal dysfunction‐free survival rates were 81.6% and 49.4%, respectively. No patient died because of treatment toxicity. Among grade IV toxicity, cerebral infarction (n = 1) and laryngeal necrosis (n = 1) resulting in laryngectomy were observed.Conclusions:Despite being a single‐institution experience, the results of the current study suggest that RADPLAT can achieve favorable survival rates and high rates of laryngeal preservation for patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancers. Laryngoscope, 2012
Ordinal operations on graph representations of sets
Authors: Kirby Laurence 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAny set x is uniquely specified by the graph of the membership relation on the set obtained by adjoining x to the transitive closure of x. Thus any operation on sets can be looked at as an operation on these graphs. We look at the operations of ordinal arithmetic of sets in this light. This turns out to be simplest for a modified ordinal arithmetic based on the Zermelo ordinals, instead of the usual von Neumann ordinals. In this arithmetic, addition of sets corresponds to concatenating graphs, and multiplication corresponds to replacing each edge of a graph by a copy of another graph. Characterizations for the von Neumann case are also given.
Nematic Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Grating and Microwire Fabricated by Micro‐Molding in Capillaries
Authors: Wei Renbo , He Yaning , Wang Xiaogong , Keller Patrick 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA new approach is developed to fabricate highly oriented mono‐domain LCE nano/microstructures through micro‐molding in capillaries. Gratings and microwires as two typical examples are fabricated and characterized by polarizing optical microscopy, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The gratings with precisely controlled sizes and smooth surface are obtained by filling the channels with a nematic monomer mixture followed by the photo‐crosslinking. After peeling off the gratings from the substrate, the free‐standing microwires are obtained. A uniform orientation of the mesogenic units is observed for the molds with channel width less than 20 μm. Reversible thermomechanical effect is demonstrated by using the microwires obtained through this approach.
Identification ofN‐acyl‐fumonisinB1 as new cytotoxic metabolites of fumonisin mycotoxins
Authors: Harrer Henning , Laviad Elad L. , Humpf Hans Ulrich , Futerman Anthony H. 
Published: December 2012

ScopeFumonisins are mycotoxins produced byFusariumspecies. The predominant derivative, fumonisinB1 (FB1), occurs in food and feed and is of health concern due to its hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects. However, the role ofFB1 metabolites on the mechanism of the toxicity, the inhibition of the ceramide synthesis, is unknown. The aim of this study was to identify new fumonisin metabolites and to evaluate their cytotoxic potential.Methods and resultsMS, molecular biology, and in vitro enzyme assays were used to investigate fumonisin metabolism in mammalian cells overexpressing human ceramide synthase (CerS) genes.N‐acyl‐FB1 derivatives were detected as new metabolites in cultured cells at levels of up to 10 pmol/mg of protein. TheN‐acylation ofFB1 and hydrolyzedFB1 was analyzed in several cell lines, including cells overexpressingCerS. The acyl‐chain length of theN‐acyl fumonisins depends on theCerSisoform acylating them. TheN‐acyl fumonisins are more cytotoxic than the parent fumonisinB1.ConclusionThe identification ofN‐acyl fumonisins with various acyl chain lengths together with the observed cytotoxicity of these compounds is a new aspect of fumonisin‐related toxicity. Therefore, these new metabolites might play an important role in the mode of action of fumonisins.
Dietary intake of green tea polyphenols regulates insulin sensitivity with an increase in AMP‐activated protein kinase α content and changes in mitochondrial respiratory complexes
Authors: Serrano José C. E. , Gonzalo‐Benito Hugo , Jové Mariona , Fourcade Stéphane , Cassanyé Anna , Boada Jordi , Delgado Marco A. , Espinel Alberto E. , Pamplona Reinald , Portero‐Otín Manuel 
Published: December 2012

ScopeThe intake of food rich in polyphenols is related to a lower incidence in almost all chronic degenerative diseases. However, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to determine whether the mechanism of action of polyphenols could be related to a modulation in energy uptake and metabolism, and further induced mitochondrial changes.Methods and resultsFor this purpose, male C57BL6 mice were fed during 3 months with a tea‐based beverage rich in polyphenols. Insulin sensitivity, tissue oxidative damage biomarkers, as well as energy‐related signaling pathways were determined to evaluate its mechanism of action. As a result, a tissue‐ and protein‐specific subtle reduction in oxidative damage was observed. Skeletal muscle showed mitochondrial changes in respiratory complexes and an increase in AMP‐activated protein kinase α levels, suggesting reduced energy availability. These changes were also associated with adipose tissue cellular metabolism. This was confirmed by a decline in the potential of energy uptake, evidenced by a diminished intestinal and systemic absorption of carbohydrates together with an inhibition of insulin sensitivity.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the mechanisms of action of green tea polyphenols may be related to their ability to modulate energy uptake leading to mitochondrial adaptations possibly responsible for the changes in protein oxidative damage.
Antitumor effects of dietary black and brown rice brans in tumor‐bearing mice: Relationship to composition
Authors: Choi Sun Phil , Kim Sung Phil , Nam Seok Hyun , Friedman Mendel 
Published: December 2012

ScopeFeeding a diet supplemented with 10% (w/w) black and brown rice brans inhibited growth of transplanted tumors in mice.Methods and resultsBlack and brown rice brans from Oryza sativa LK1–3‐6–12‐1 and Chuchung cultivars each contained 21 compounds characterized by GC/MS. Mice fed diets with added rice brans for 2 weeks were intracutaneously inoculated with CT‐26 mouse cancer cells and fed the same diet for two additional weeks. Tumor mass was 35 and 19% lower in the black and brown bran‐fed groups, respectively. Tumor inhibition was associated with increases in cytolytic activity of splenic natural killer (NK) cells; partial restoration of nitric oxide production and phagocytosis in peritoneal macrophages; increases in released tumor necrosis factor‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 from macrophages; increases in infiltration of leukocyte into the tumor; and reduction in angiogenesis inside the tumor. Proangiogenic biomarkers vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) were also reduced in mRNA and protein expression. ELISA of tumor cells confirmed reduced expression of COX‐2 and 5‐LOX. Reduced COX‐2 and 5‐LOX expression downregulated vascular endothelial growth factor and inhibited neoangiogenesis inside the tumors.ConclusionInduction of NK activity and macrophages and inhibition of angiogenesis seem to contribute to tumor regression.
CMOS quadrature VCO using a passive coupling device
Authors: Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Hsieh Hsuan‐Yu , Chang Chia‐Wei , Hsue Ching‐Wen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article presents a new fully‐integrated quadrature voltage‐controlled oscillator (QVCO), which consists of two differential VCOs coupled via an inductor‐ring. The proposed CMOS QVCO has been implemented with the TSMC 0.18‐μm CMOS technology and the die area is 0.693 × 0.976 mm2. At the supply voltage of 0.7 V, the total power consumption is 2.58 mW. The free‐running frequency of the QVCO is tunable from 5.15 to 5.55 GHz as the tuning voltage is varied from 0 to 0.7 V. The measured phase noise at 1 MHz frequency offset is −120.88 dBc/Hz at the oscillation frequency of 5.28 GHz and the figure of merit of the proposed QVCO is −191.21 dBc/Hz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:310–313, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27283
An injection‐locked frequency quadrupler in 90 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Chang Chia‐Wei , Jang Sheng‐Lyang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOn‐chip high‐frequency frequency sources suffer from quality (Q)‐factor degradation of varactors.Injection‐locked frequency multipliers allow the design of oscillators running at a frequency lower than required to take the advantage of higher Q‐factor varactor. This article proposes a fully integrated CMOS LC‐tank injection‐locked frequency quadrupler fabricated in the TSMC 90 nm RF‐CMOS process and describes the circuit design, operation principle, and measurement results of the quadrupler. The injection‐locked frequency quadrupler comprises a first‐harmonic injection‐locked oscillator with dual‐injection ports, two frequency doublers and a transformer balun. At the supply voltage of 0.7 V, the dc power consumption is 9.1 mW. At the incident power of 0 dBm, the injection‐locked frequency quadrupler can provide an output signal with the frequency from 24 to 29.6 GHz, while the frequency of the injection signal varies from 6 to 7.4 GHz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:266–269, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27291