bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Watkins’ &amp; ‘Watkins2.0’: Smart Phone Applications (Apps) For Gait- Assessment in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus And Decompensated Long-Standing Overt Ventriculomegaly
Authors: Tariq Kanza , Thorne Lewis , Toma Ahmed , Watkins Laurence 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
Gait disturbance is one of the features of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and decompensated long-standing overt ventriculomegaly (LOVA). The timed-up-and-go (TUG) test and the timed-10-meter-walking test (10MWT) are frequently used assessments tools for gait and balance disturbances in NPH and LOVA, as well as several other disorders. We aimed to make smart-phone apps which perform both the 10MWT and the TUG-test and record the results for individual patients, thus making it possible for patients to have an objective assessment of their progress. Patients with a suitable smart phone can perform repeat assessments in their home environment, providing a measure of progress for them and for their clinical team.
Methods
10MWT and TUG-test were performed by 50 healthy adults, 67 NPH and 10 LOVA patients, as well as 5 elderly patients as part of falls risk assessment using the Watkins2.0 app. The 10MWT was assessed with timed slow-pace and fast-pace. Statistical analysis used SPSS (version 25.0, IBM) by paired t-test, comparing the healthy and the NPH cohorts. Level of precision of the app as compared to a clinical observer using a stopwatch was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics curve.
Results
As compared to a clinical observer using a stopwatch, in 10MWT the app showed 100% accuracy in the measure of time taken to cover distance in whole seconds, 95% accuracy in the number of steps taken with an error ± 1–3 steps, and 97% accuracy in the measure of total distance covered with error of ± 0.25–0.50 meter. The TUG test has 100% accuracy in time taken to complete the test in whole seconds, 97% accuracy in the number of steps with an error of ± 1–2 steps and 87.5% accuracy in the distance covered with error of ± 0.50 meter. In the measure of time, the app was found to have equal sensitivity as an observer. In measure of number of steps and distance, the app demonstrated high sensitivity and precision (AUC > 0.9). The app also showed significant level of discrimination between healthy and gait-impaired individuals.
Conclusion
‘Watkins’ and ‘Watkins2.0’ are efficient apps for objective performance of 10MWT and the TUG-test in NPH and LOVA patients and has application in several other pathologies characterised by gait and balance disturbance.
A Preliminary Assessment of Civet “Home Breeding”: Morphological Changes and Conservation Relevance.
Authors: Hooper Jes 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Indonesia’s Civet Lover clubs are urban and suburban social groups comprised of civet (sp. Viverridae) pet keeping enthusiasts. Civet Lover clubs operate regionally and nationally, with trends in civet pet keeping facilitated in online social media platforms. The breeding of wild civets (known as “home breeding”) for the pet trade, grew in popularity in 2016 in response to consumer demand for civets with unique morphological characteristics. This research aims to analyse the scalability of civet home breeding and to document the morphological changes occurring to civet species through the process of selective breeding. This research is a case study analysis of the most popular home breed enterprise operating on Instagram from 2016 to 2021. Data comprise all Instagram posts shared to the platform during the period of operation, within which the number of civet copulations, births, and sales were recorded along with the featured civet’s species and morphological characteristics. The conservation implications of civet home breeding are discussed.
Developmental Defects of Enamel and Dental Anomalies in Children with Skin Diseases
Authors: Okutan Alev Eda , Yücelten Ayşe Deniz , Menteş Ali 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The common embryologic neural origin of the ectoderm includes the epidermal layer of the skin and the amelodentinal (the enamel and dentine) components of the teeth, which result in a variety of conditions affecting both skin and dentition to different degrees. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of dental anomalies among pediatric patients with skin diseases.
Materials and Methods
Patients with skin disease (4–16 ages, n = 71) were included in study group and 41 age-gender-matched children were designated as control group. Enamel defects were evaluated with the MIH Index. Panoramic radiographs were taken, and dental anomalies seen in the radiographs (hypodontia, hyperdontia, taurodontism, short root anomaly) were recorded.
Results
MIH was found to be significantly higher in chronic skin diseases group. DDE-not-related MIH, and other dental anomalies were found to be statistically significantly higher in the genodermatoses group.
Conclusion
Current study confirms a connection between MIH and chronic skin diseases, as well as a relationship between genodermatoses, DDD-not-related MIH, and other anomalies.
Clinical Relevance:
Dental screening and management should be taken into account as part of the patient's overall health care plan, and clinicians should be aware of the potential oral health issues associated with skin diseases.
From Data to Decisions: Portfolio Topology Optimization Framework
Authors: Faridnia Rashid 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Portfolio management in the automotive industry plays a crucial role in optimizing resource allocation, risk management, and financial performance. This article presents an integrated optimization framework that combines the Markowitz model, multi-discipline optimization, and deep learning techniques to enhance portfolio decision-making in the automotive sector. By leveraging advanced analytics and artificial intelligence, companies can develop data-driven strategies to maximize returns, minimize risks, and achieve competitive advantage. A comprehensive methodology for implementing the integrated optimization framework in Python is provided, including data preprocessing, model development, performance analysis, and practical implementation. Empirical results using a real-world dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving portfolio management practices in the automotive industry.
Cross talk between skin microbiota and post-traumatic wound infection: a bidirectional mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Chen Qingsong , Zhang Yuke , Huang Guangbin , Zhang Bohao , Cheng Yuan , Shi Li , Li Jianxiao , Li Hui , Zhang Qi , He Ping , Li Yongming , Du Dingyuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Post-traumatic wound infection (PTWI) is a major challenge in trauma, burns, and surgeries. The skin microbiota is crucial for defense and may influence PTWI occurrence, though the relationship is unclear. This study explores the causal link between the skin microbiome and PTWI using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Methods
A two-sample MR analysis was conducted using genome wide association studies (GWAS) data of 147 skin microbiota taxa and PTWI. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary analysis technique, while the MR-Egger and weighted median were used as supplementary analysis methods. Cochran’s Q test was used to perform heterogeneity analysis. The MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO were employed to assess potential horizontal pleiotropy. The leave-one-out method was utilized to evaluate the impact of individual SNPs on the overall causal effect.
Results
The two-sample MR analysis identified significant causal relationships between 12 skin microbiota species and PTWI. Five species were potentially beneficial: asv045 [Acinetobacter (unc.)] (OR = 0.971, P = 0.044), asv092 [C. kroppenstedtii] (OR = 0.966, P = 6.88e − 03), asv093 [Staphylococcus (unc.)] (OR = 0.911, P = 0.044), genus Finegoldia (OR = 0.965, P = 0.043), and genus Kocuria (OR = 0.95, P = 0.025). Seven species were potentially harmful: asv001 [P. acnes] (OR = 1.187, P = 0.041), asv005 [P. granulosum] (OR = 1.259, P = 6.06e − 03), family Micrococcaceae (OR = 1.24, P = 0.014), family Neisseriaceae (OR = 1.161, P = 0.038), genus Enhydrobacter (OR = 1.039, P = 0.013; OR = 1.202, P = 0.017), and order Bacteroidales (OR = 1.202, P = 0.012). PTWI may also induce skin microenvironment changes, disrupting homeostasis and increasing the likelihood of pathogenic microbiota, such as class Betaproteobacteria, genus Chryseobacterium, asv007 [Anaerococcus (unc.)], and family Flavobacteriaceae. Conversely, PTWI might promote beneficial microbiota, like asv005 [P. granulosum].
Conclusions
This study provides strong evidence of a causal link between the skin microbiome and PTWI, emphasizing their complex interactions. These findings offer new insights for preventing and treating PTWI. Further research on the underlying mechanisms and similar studies in different populations are essential.
Effect of AI intervention programs on the quality of life of older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: JANG TAEJEONG , Seo Kawoun , Seo Jisu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

With the aging population, the demand for innovative well-being support has intensified. This study analyzed the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) intervention on the quality of life of older individuals through a meta-analysis of 13 domestic and foreign literature reviews. The overall effect size of AI intervention programs on the quality of life of older adults, assessed using the random-effects model, was found to be small (Hedges’ g = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.10–0.51). Additionally, the effect size of quality of life was examined based on the subfactors of the AI intervention program, revealing a range of 5–11 weeks. Robot intervention exhibited a higher effect size than smart device intervention. To improve the quality of life of older patients, further investigation is warranted, including a follow-up study to develop a systematic AI nursing intervention program tailored to the type of AI program and intervention duration.
Assessing and mitigating noise pollution in Sikar city: strategies and solutions
Authors: Kumar Nand , Nussi Keerthi Reddy , S Sajan , Basumatary Udangshree Rani , Kuzhivelil Ivin John , Biyyyathiyil Shahada , Bunty Bhoomika 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study investigates noise pollution in Sikar City, focusing on identifying sources, measuring health and environmental impacts, and proposing mitigation strategies. The objectives include analyzing noise pollution sources, assessing their effects on public health and the environment, and reviewing case studies to evaluate current policies and technologies. Data from Sikar City's noise monitoring stations were analyzed to identify significant pollution sources such as traffic, industrial activities, and construction work. Additionally, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to determine optimal proposals for the city. A literature review of ten relevant studies provided insights into common noise pollution issues and effective mitigation strategies. The findings revealed that noise levels often exceeded national standards, necessitating targeted strategies for reduction. The proposed mitigation measures aim to support the Rajasthan Pollution Control Board and other stakeholders in enhancing regional environmental management.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Perioperative Hidden Blood Loss in Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures
Authors: linbing Lou , Xu Lei , Li Aoying , Xia Cunyi , Miao Haixiang , Xu Xiaohang , Dai Jihang , Hu Le 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Hip fractures, prevalent in the elderly, carry significant morbidity and mortality, with perioperative hidden blood loss (HBL) being a critical yet underappreciated factor. The challenge of HBL in intertrochanteric femoral fractures treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) procedures necessitates a predictive tool for improved clinical management.
Objectives
To identify independent risk factors for perioperative HBL and to develop a predictive nomogram for intertrochanteric femoral fractures managed with PFNA.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 231 patients who underwent PFNA at Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital from 2020 to 2022. Data on demographics and surgery were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and R 4.2.2 to construct a nomogram predicting HBL.
Results
The study revealed a mean HBL of 1146.91 ± 727.35 ml. Significant predictors included preoperative hemoglobin, platelet count, PT-INR, fracture type by Evans classification, and the interval from admission to surgery. The predictive nomogram demonstrated high accuracy with an AUC of 0.926 for the ROC curve and 0.941 for the PR curve, indicating robust clinical utility.
Conclusion
The validated nomogram offers a novel, practical approach to forecasting HBL in patients undergoing PFNA for intertrochanteric femoral fractures, with implications for optimizing patient care across the perioperative period.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Cellulose from Waste Olive Wood Powder Using Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Alam Mohammad Mahbubul , Greco Antonio , Corcione Carola Esposito , Jiménez Alfonso , Garrigós María Carmen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is a very effective and sustainable method for extracting cellulose from lignocellulosic materials due to the substantial reduction in the process time and amounts of solvents required for each process. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are used for cellulose extraction due to their environmental friendliness and high extraction yields. This work explores the possibility to use microwave-synthesized DES to extract cellulose from olive wood powder (OWP) waste. The conventional process (CP) requires the use of high amounts of chemicals and long times for quantitative extractions. Three techniques for the cellulose extraction were compared: a standard procedure by Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI), CP, and MAE utilizing DES to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques. Results showed that the TAPPI method yielded 55.0 wt% cellulose, whereas the CP method yielded 50.6 wt% cellulose. The optimum conditions for MAE using choline chloride-lactic acid (ChCl:LA, 1:4) and choline chloride-citric acid (ChCl:CA:H2O, 1:1:6) were found to be 20-min irradiation time at 130 ºC to obtain cellulose yields of 47.8 wt% and 45.6 wt%, respectively, showing that both DES were effective for cellulose extraction from OWP. The comparison between all procedures showed that MAE required shorter times and smaller quantities of chemicals, making it an eco-friendlier option. The extracted cellulose was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results suggested that MAE with DES is a promising approach, with prospective applications in the packaging, textiles, and paper industries.
Prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis with the ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging features in breast cancer
Authors: Shang Qiu Jing , Li Yan Qin , Lang Man Lin , Chen Xu Wei , Li De Xin , Yu Jie , Liang Ping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) in patient with breast cancer before surgery is of great value. We aim to develop a preoperative nomogram by integrating clinical-pathological variables with ultrasound (US)and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features to forecast axillary lymph node metastasis, and to evaluate whether the diagnostic performance of a combined US-MRI model outperforms that of standalone imaging modalities.
Method
In this retrospective study, 1481 women with breast cancer who underwent surgery were identified from the hospital between November 2009 and April 2022. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria,885women were classified at 6:4 ratio into training and validation set. MRI and US scans before surgery and clinical-pathologic data were reviewed. The prediction models were developed in the training set by using logistic regression and LASSO regression and then tested in the validation set.
Result
Our training set included 535 women, aged 52 ± 11 years, with 165 cases of axillary lymph node metastases. The validation set comprised 356 women, aged 54 ± 11 years, including 113 cases with metastases. Variables such as the number, size, and location of nodes, morphology, calcification, ADC, pathological patterns, molecular subtypes, and minor-axis dimensions, along with cortical thickness, were significantly associated with an increased risk of axillary lymph node involvement (all P < 0.05). Our predictive model, integrating ultrasound (US) and MRI-based clinical-pathological features (CPUM), showed better performance (AUC = 0.795 for ALNM) in predicting axillary lymph node metastases than the individual models based solely on US features (CPU) (AUC = 0.766 for ALNM; P = 0.0192) or MRI features (CPM) (AUC = 0.760 for ALNM; P = 0.0088) in the validation set.
Conclusion
The preoperative nomogram, in combination with clinical-pathologic variables and US and MRI features, demonstrated superior predictive performance for axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer compared to the use of US or MRI features alone.
Analysis of the Surprise Question as a tool for predicting death in neonates
Authors: Asenjo Silvia , Soler-Garcia Aleix , Palomo Ana Morillo , Jordana Anna Habimana , Guillen Montserrat , Bolancé Catalina , Vilarrubí Sergi Navarro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The Surprise Question (SQ) "Would you be surprised if the patient died in the next 12 months?" lacks pediatric research, particularly in neonatal patients. Our study aims to analyze the SQ’s predictive ability in neonates and explore pediatricians’ views on palliative care (PC) patient identification.
Methods
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to June 2023, including all newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a pediatric tertiary hospital and its pediatricians. Patients with less than a year since admission were excluded from final analyses.
Recorded variables included patient demographics and condition, pediatricians’ profile and opinions regarding the SQ and PC patient identification. The SQ was formulated to one or more pediatricians per neonate at admission, 7 days and 28 days of life, with patient status recorded after twelve months to elaborate a confusion matrix of prognostic test results.
Results
A total of 51 pediatricians participated. Most felt they had limited criteria for identifying PC patients (55%), believed the SQ could be useful (77%) and predict death (75%).
The SQ was answered at least in one out of the three moments for 262 neonates (61% male and at least 35,5% preterm), with sufficient sample at each moment to study its predictive ability. High negative predictive values were consistent, with higher positive predictive value at 7 days (25,7%).
Conclusions
The SQ is a promising tool for predicting neonatal outcome and could guide professionals in initiating PC discussions. The 7-day mark appears more suitable for its application.
Exploring the Pathogenesis of NAFLD: A Study of the Correlation of Gut Microbes and Metabolites in Humanized Mouse Gut Microbiota
Authors: Cheng Yuanzhi , Yang Yun , Guo Yaxi , Shi Yang , Feng Jianghao , Jiang Xiaoliang , Yang Zhiwei , Zhu Hua , Liu Xing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

There is mounting scientific evidence indicating a robust association between gut microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Exposure to commensal microbiota in germ-free mice has a significant impact on the regulatory mechanisms of gut genes, in contrast to those conventionally raised. In this study, we have successfully inoculated the gut microbiota from healthy individuals and NAFLD patients into germ-free mice, with the objective of developing a humanized mouse model that accurately replicates the gut microenvironment of NAFLD patients. Changes in blood composition and liver pathology in these mice were systematically measured. Furthermore, we have conducted a det ailed analysis of the variations in fecal microbiota and differential metabolites in the blood composition. Our findings indicate a high degree of similarity in disease characteristics between mice colonized with microbiota and humans suffering from NAFLD. Notably, we have observed a strong correlation between alterations in serum differential metabolites and gut microbiota in these mice.
Novel Donor–Acceptor Based 4-Nitrophenol luminophors as a Yellow-Orange Fluorescent Material for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Mane K. G. , Pujari S. R. , Shahabade V. , Nagore P. B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

A new category of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) luminophores, infused with differing quantities of Pyrene (Py), was synthesized using the standard solid-state reaction method to explore novel luminophores emitting at longer wavelengths. Their optical and electrochemical properties were analyzed through fluorimetry and Cyclic Voltammetry techniques, respectively. The fluorescence spectrum of Py-doped 4-NP exhibited a broad fluorescence band peaking at 599 nm for a Py concentration of 1x10− 3 mol, confirming exciplex formation between 4-NP and Py in the excited state. Based on electrochemical data, the energy levels of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) were determined for the prepared luminophores, falling in between 5.72–5.73 eV and 3.01–3.08 eV, respectively. Thermal stableness was assessed via TGA analysis, while SEM images revealed crystal sizes of approximately 115 nm. Consequently, this comprehensive investigation suggests the potential utility of these newly developed yellow-orange fluorescent luminophores in optoelectronic applications.