bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formal verification of a pervasive messaging system
Authors: Konur Savas , Fisher Michael , Dobson Simon , Knox Stephen 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

As ubiquitous computing becomes a reality, its applications are increasingly being used in business-critical, mission-critical and even in safety-critical, areas. Such systems must demonstrate an assured level of correctness. One approach to the exhaustive analysis of the behaviour of systems is
formal verification
, whereby each important requirement is logically assessed against all possible system behaviours. While formal verification is often used in safety analysis, it has rarely been used in the analysis of deployed pervasive applications. Without such formality it is difficult to establish that the system will exhibit the correct behaviours in response to its inputs and environment. In this paper, we show how model-checking techniques can be applied to analyse the probabilistic behaviour of pervasive systems. As a case study we apply this technique to an existing pervasive message-forwarding system,
Scatterbox
. Scatterbox incorporates many typical characteristics of pervasive systems, such as dependence on sensor reliability and dependence on context. We assess the dynamic temporal behaviour of the system, including the analysis of probabilistic elements, allowing us to verify formal requirements even in the presence of uncertainty in sensors. We also draw some tentative conclusions concerning the use of formal verification for pervasive computing in general.
Dynamicity of J waves during coronary intervention and angiography in a patient with non‐Q inferior myocardial infarction
Authors: Kitazawa Hitoshi , Matsushita Hirooki , Takarada Ken , Oguro Takeo , Satoh Masahito , Aizawa Yoshifusa 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSlurs or notches at the terminal portion of the QRS complexes are called J waves, which may be associated with myocardial ischemia. We describe our experience with a case of a patient with acute inferior myocardial infarction in whom J waves were observed in the inferior leads with ST‐segment elevation. The coronary artery was completely occluded, and during percutaneous intervention, ST‐segment elevation was normalized first, followed by the disappearance of the J waves after full revascularization. On follow‐up coronary angiography (CAG), the J waves in the inferior leads reappeared during the right CAG. The J waves were associated with an alteration of the electrical axis. J waves developing in association with myocardial ischemia seemed to be more sensitive to ischemia and might represent a depolarization abnormality.
Halting scale and energy equilibration in two-dimensional quasigeostrophic turbulence
Authors: Scott R. K. , Dritschel D. G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe halting scale of the inverse energy cascade and the partition between kinetic and potential energy are considered for the case of forced quasigeostrophic turbulence in the regime of intermediate Rossby deformation length, for which the deformation length is comparable to the energy-containing scales of the flow. Phenomenological estimates for the halting scale and equilibrated energy of the forced–dissipative system with a simple representation of large-scale thermal damping are tested against numerical integrations and are found to poorly describe the numerically obtained dependence on damping coefficient; a modified scaling law is proposed that more accurately describes the dependence. The scale-selective nature of the damping leads to a large-scale spectral bottleneck that steepens the energy spectrum, consistent with previous studies of hypodiffusive dissipation. It is found that, across the parameter range considered, the blocking is largely insensitive to the ratio of deformation radius to the energy-containing scales.
Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load in relation to food and nutrient intake and indices of body fatness in British children and adolescents
Authors: Murakami Kentaro , McCaffrey Tracy A. , Livingstone M. Barbara E. 
Published: March 2013

The diversity of the associations of dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) with dietary intake and body fatness observed in epidemiological studies may be partly due to the differences in underlying dietary intake patterns. We examined the cross-sectional associations of dietary GI and GL with food and nutrient intakes and indices of body fatness in 818 children aged 4–10 years and 818 adolescents aged 11–18 years in Britain, based on the data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake was assessed using a 7 d weighed dietary record. Overweight was defined as BMI ≥ 85th percentile of the age- and sex-specific British growth reference data. Central obesity was defined as waist:height ratio (WHtR) ≥ 0·5 (adolescents only). Breads, breakfast cereals and potatoes were the positive predictive food groups for dietary GI, while dairy products, fruit juice, other cereals and fruit were the negative predictors. Dietary GL was closely correlated with carbohydrate intake. Dietary GI showed no associations with overweight or central obesity. Conversely, dietary GL showed an independent association with a higher risk of overweight in children and a higher risk of central obesity (but not overweight) in adolescents. However, dietary GI and GL were not associated with BMI z-score in children and adolescents or WHtR in adolescents. In conclusion, the present study showed that dietary GL was independently associated with overweight in children and with central obesity in adolescents. Nevertheless, given no associations when body fatness measures were treated as continuous variables, the results must be interpreted cautiously.
Glycaemic index, carbohydrate substitution for fat and risk of CHD in men
Authors: Similä Minna E. , Kontto Jukka P. , Männistö Satu , Valsta Liisa M. , Virtamo Jarmo 
Published: March 2013

We have examined the associations between dietary glycaemic index (GI), substitutions of total, low-, medium- and high-GI carbohydrates for fat and the risk of CHD. The study consisted of 21 955 male smokers, aged 50–69 years, within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. The diet was assessed at baseline using a validated FFQ. During a 19-year follow-up, 4379 CHD cases (2377 non-fatal myocardial infarctions and 2002 CHD deaths) were identified from national registers. Relative risks (RR) and CI for CHD were analysed using Cox proportional hazards modelling, and multivariate nutrient density models were applied to examine the associations between the substitutions of macronutrients and the risk of CHD. Dietary GI was inversely associated with CHD risk: multivariate RR in the highest v. lowest quintile was 0·89 (95 % CI 0·81, 0·99). Replacement of higher-GI carbohydrates with lower-GI carbohydrates did not associate with the risk. Replacing saturated and trans-fatty acids with carbohydrates was associated with decreased CHD risk: RR for substitution of 2 % of energy intake was 0·97 (95 % CI 0·94, 0·99). On the contrary, replacing MUFA with carbohydrates was associated with an increased risk: RR for substitution of 2 % of energy intake was 1·08 (95 % CI 1·01, 1·16). We conclude that in the present study population, contrary to the hypothesis, a lower GI does not associate with a decreased risk of CHD. The associations of carbohydrates with CHD risk depend on the fatty acid composition of the diet.
Photo-ionized neon plasmas induced by radiation pulses of a laser-plasma EUV source and a free electron laser FLASH
Authors: Bartnik A. , Fedosejevs R. , Wachulak P. , Fiedorowicz H. , Serbanescu C. , Saiz E.G. , Riley D. , Toleikis S. , Neely D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this work, a laser-produced plasma extreme ultraviolet source and a free electron laser were used to create Ne photo-ionized plasmas. In both cases, a radiation beam was focused onto a gas stream injected into a vacuum chamber synchronously with the radiation pulse. Extreme ultraviolet radiation from the plasma spanned a wide spectral range with pronounced maximum centered at λ = 11 ± 1 nm while the free electron laser pulses were emitted at a wavelength of 32 nm. The power density of the focused plasma radiation was approximately 2 × 107 W/cm2 and was seven orders of magnitude lower compared with the focused free electron laser beam. Radiation fluences in both experimental conditions were comparable. Despite quite different spectral characteristics and extremely different power densities, emission spectra of both photo-ionized plasmas consist of the same spectral lines within a wavelength range of 20 to 50 nm, however, with different relative intensities of the corresponding lines. The dominating spectral lines originated from singly charged ions (Ne II); however, Ne III lines were also detected. Additionally, computer simulations of the emission spectra, obtained for photo-ionized plasmas, driven by the plasma extreme ultraviolet source, were performed. The corresponding measured and calculated spectra are presented. An electron temperature and ionic composition were estimated. Differences between the experimental spectra, obtained for both irradiation conditions, were analyzed. The differences were attributed mainly to different energies of driving photons.
Stiffness analysis of the 3SPS+1PS bionic parallel test platform for a hip joint simulator
Authors: Cheng Gang , Yu Jingli , Xu Peng , Liu Houguang 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYA novel parallel hip joint simulator, called 3SPS+1PS bionic parallel test platform, with 4 degrees of freedom including three rotations and one translation is designed to represent three-dimensional motion and compound friction movement of a human hip joint and to be a better simulator for testing the tribology performance of biomaterials for hip joint prosthesis. Stiffness is one of the most important performances of parallel manipulators, as well as for the 3SPS+1PS parallel manipulator with higher speeds. First, the differential kinematic/static model was derived based on the kinematics model. The relationship between the elastic deformation of each active leg and the variation of position/orientation deformation of the moving platform was described based on the virtual work principle. Then, a 6 × 6 global stiffness matrix of the 3SPS+1PS parallel manipulator was derived. The maximum versus minimum eigenvalues of the global stiffness matrix were obtained as its two evaluation indexes. By letting the 3SPS+1PS bionic parallel test platform represent three rotation motions and the dynamic loading of the human hip joint as described by ISO 14242 Part-1, the forces acted on each active leg and their responding elastic deformations were analyzed. The distributions for maximum and minimum stiffness in different workspace were detected. Finally, the results showed that the minimum stiffness in the whole workspace should be larger than the allowable stiffness of the 3SPS+1PS parallel manipulator.
How early do children understand gesture–speech combinations with iconic gestures?
Authors: STANFIELD CARMEN , WILLIAMSON REBECCA , ÖZÇALIŞKAN ŞEYDA 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTChildren understand gesture+speech combinations in which a deictic gesture adds new information to the accompanying speech by age 1;6 (Morford & Goldin-Meadow, 1992; ‘push’+point at ball). This study explores how early children understand gesture+speech combinations in which an iconic gesture conveys additional information not found in the accompanying speech (e.g., ‘read’+BOOK gesture). Our analysis of two- to four-year-old children's responses in a gesture+speech comprehension task showed that children grasp the meaning of iconic co-speech gestures by age three and continue to improve their understanding with age. Overall, our study highlights the important role gesture plays in language comprehension as children learn to unpack increasingly complex communications addressed to them at the early ages.
Stages in the early and larval development of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Teleostei, Clariidae)
Authors: Olaniyi Wasiu Adekunle , Omitogun Ofelia Galman 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThe African catfish Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822 is a favourite aquaculture fish in many parts of Africa and Asia because of its hardiness and fast growth rate. In this study, early, post-embryonic and larval developmental stages of C. gariepinus were examined chronologically and described. Photomicrographs of unfertilized matured oocytes from 0 min of fertilization through all cell stages to alevin, to complete yolk absorption, to free swimming larval stages are shown and documented live from lateral and top views, with the aid of a light microscope. Extruded oocytes had a mean diameter of 1 ± 0.1 mm, and possessed a thin perivitelline membrane whose space was filled with a protoplasmic layer. Heartbeat was in the range of 115–160/min prior to hatching. Hatchability rate was 85% and hatching occurred at 17 h at a controlled temperature of 28.5 ± 0.5°C, while ontogeny of the eyes and other organs were discernible. At day 4, larvae mean length was 9.3 ± 0.5 mm, exogenous feeding had commenced fully and melanophores spread cephalocaudally but were concentrated significantly on the head parts. This paper, for the first time, presents the significant chronological developmental stages of C. gariepinus embryology that will have significant implications for genetic manipulation and catfish seed production for aquaculture.
The impact of actual and perceived disease severity on pre-operative psychological well-being and illness behaviour in adult congenital heart disease patients
Authors: Callus Edward , Utens Elisabeth M. W. J. , Quadri Emilia , Ricci Cristian , Carminati Mario , Giamberti Alessandro , Chessa Massimo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the objective medical parameters related to congenital heart disease and patients’ ratings of cardiac disease severity were related to psychological well-being and illness behaviour during the pre-operative period.Methods: A total of 143 patients (63 male patients; 16–73 years old) with congenital heart disease evaluated the severity of their cardiac condition using a numerical rating scale ranging from 0, indicating the least severe condition, to 100, indicating the most severe condition. Psychological well-being was assessed using the Psychological General Well-Being Index (total score ≤60 indicating severe distress) and illness behaviour using the Illness Behavior Questionnaire.Results: Pre-operative psychological well-being was not related to the objective medical parameters reflecting cardiac disease severity. In contrast, total psychological well-being scores correlated significantly with patients’ subjective ratings of disease severity (p < 0.001). When compared with the reference values from the Italian population, the mean scores of the patients on psychological well-being were similar. As regards the Illness Behavior Questionnaire, the scores on denial were higher and those on hypochondria were lower compared with other hospitalised patients.Conclusions: This study shows that the perception of cardiac disease severity, and not the medical parameters in congenital heart disease, is related to the patients’ pre-operative psychological state. Thus, more importance needs to be given to assessing the patients’ pre-operative perception and psychological state independently of cardiac severity. Targeted interventions with regard to the cardiac condition are recommended.
Stenting of the right ventricular outflow tract in symptomatic neonatal tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Haas Nikolaus A. , Laser Thorsten K. , Moysich Axel , Blanz Ute , Sandica Eugen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThere is ongoing debate regarding the initial management of symptomatic neonates with tetralogy of Fallot. Although neonatal repair can be performed with low mortality, it is associated with increased morbidity and long-term impact on right ventricular performance. Traditionally, the modified Blalock–Taussig shunt remains the palliative procedure of choice. Differential pulmonary artery flow may occur and subsequently result in underdevelopment and distortion of pulmonary vessels. Transcatheter therapy was previously limited to balloon valvulotomy when the obstruction is predominantly at the pulmonary valve level. Stenting of the right ventricular outflow tract can enable adequate forward flow; however, pulmonary regurgitation may impact on right ventricular performance and cardiac output. Stenting of the right ventricular outflow tract with valve sparing placement of the stent thus treating the underlying pathophysiology of the hypercyanotic spells provides a safe and effective management strategy, improving arterial oxygen saturation, avoiding pulmonary regurgitation and encouraging pulmonary artery growth.
Preparedness for and Impact of Tropical Cyclone Yasi in North Queensland, Australia
Authors: Usher Kim , Buettner Petra , West Caryn , Millis Jane , Woods Cindy , Mason Matt , Boon Helen , Chamberlain-Salaun Jennifer 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIntroductionTropical cyclone (TC) Yasi, thought to be the largest and most severe cyclone to cross the Queensland coast since 1918, made landfall on the southern tropical coast near Mission Beach and continued to track westward across Northern Queensland on February 3, 2011. The warning and response model (WRM) suggests that situational factors, personal characteristics, and social contextual variables influence the degree of threat perceived and protective actions taken.AimThe aim of this study was to examine preparation for this impending natural disaster by residents of the affected regions, and to identify the residents’ resource losses and symptoms of psychological distress following TC Yasi.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted 6-12 months after the cyclone using an adapted tool designed to measure preparedness, loss and psychosocial distress. Four hundred and thirty-three responses were received. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Categorical characteristics were described using sample size and percentages.ResultsAlmost all respondents perceived the cyclone warning as serious or very serious, and more than a third started preparing for the cyclone at least three days before it reached landfall. Overall, 115 (26.7%) respondents reported moderate and 59 (13.7%) reported major property damage; 72 (17.1%) reported a moderate and 49 (11.6%) reported a major change in their feeling of whether they have control over their life; 55 (13.1%) reported a major change in their motivation of getting things done; and 33 (7.9%) reported a major change in their perception of feeling valuable to others. Overall, 142 (34.1%) documented at least one of five symptoms of acute distress.ConclusionThe findings document the experiences of Australians who have lived through tropical cyclone Yasi. The results support the WRM theory which proposes that people with previous experience take threatened disasters seriously.UsherK,BuettnerP,WestC,MillisJ,WoodsC,MasonM,BoonH,Chamberlain-SalaunJ.Preparedness for and impact of tropical cyclone Yasi in North Queensland, Australia.Prehosp Disaster Med.2013;28(3):1-7.
The Dramaturgical and Compositional Genesis of Luigi Nono's Intolleranza 1960
Authors: DE BENEDICTIS ANGELA IDA , O'DONNELL JOHN 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIntolleranza 1960, an ‘azione scenica in two parts based on an idea by Angelo Maria Ripellino, music by Luigi Nono’, was first performed on 13 April 1961 during the 24th International Contemporary Music Festival at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice. In the aftermath of the première, critics perceived a gap in the work's realization between intentions and results, a gap perceived mainly in political terms. An examination of the dramaturgical and compositional genesis of the work through the sketches suggests a gap of a very different nature. The work as originally announced was to have revolutionary potential, and the innovations were intended by Nono to affect the musical language, the staging, and the dramatic content. But many of these ideas and innovations remained unrealized in the final production, while the ambitious dramaturgical logic underpinning the compositional process – involving ‘character rows’ for each of the principal roles – was never fully implemented. Nono's first theatrical work proves to be the result of a singular compromise between intention and necessity, something quite different from the original project. Nevertheless, the compositional solutions forced on Nono, partly through pressures of time, were to prove decisive in later works, liberating the now ‘autonomous’ interval from parametric predetermination and classic serial grids. Moreover, the work, which had been envisaged as an ideal convergence of dramaturgical and technical principles, became an emblem not only of the new music theatre but of avant-garde theatre in general.
A Sign of the Times: Semiotics in Anglo-American Musicology
Authors: HOOPER GILES 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article provides a critical account of the appropriation of semiotics in Anglo-American musicology, its theoretical and discursive foundations, and its impact on the discipline in the period from the mid-1970s to the present. Starting out from the work of Jean-Jacques Nattiez and Philip Tagg in the 1970s, it traces two principal approaches in music semiotics, here termed the ‘structural–analytical’ and the ‘semantic–interpretative’, which draw in significant measure on, respectively, the Saussurean and Peircean legacies. Both differences of musicological tradition and the wider state of the discipline have a part to play in explaining why semiotics never established itself as a discrete and distinctive subfield in the English-speaking world in the way that it did in continental Europe. But with the increasing currency of, among other concerns, topic theory, theories of emotion and affect, and studies of musical gesture and metaphor, it might be argued that semiotics – or, rather, an interdisciplinary aggregation of approaches that might be termed ‘post-semiotic’ – has never had a stronger presence in anglophone musicology than at the present time.
Resituating the Icon: David Osmond-Smith's Contribution to Music Semiotics
Authors: CURRY BEN 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAfter pursuing doctoral studies at the University of York (1968–70), David Osmond-Smith gained two consecutive scholarships, allowing him to research first with Umberto Eco in Milan (1970–71) and then with Roland Barthes in Paris (1971–3). One of the outcomes of his encounters with these highly influential thinkers was a series of articles subjecting musical phenomena to semiotic analysis. The principal concept deployed in these articles is that of the icon or iconism, itself borrowed from the American semiotician and pragmatist philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce and exhaustively examined, re-examined, and criticized by Eco. This article explains the principles of iconic signification and their use in Osmond-Smith's work. Central to this explanation is a consideration of Eco's work on iconism (Barthes's influence is less apparent) and the somewhat perplexing point that Osmond-Smith embraced iconism despite his awareness – and, at times, apparent endorsement – of Eco's thoroughgoing critique of the concept. Lastly, the recent resurgence of interest in Peircian semiotics will be invoked in order to propose ways of developing Osmond-Smith's application of iconism to music in line with pragmatist (or, to use Peirce's term, pragmaticist) rather than structuralist thought.