bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction in Carotid Intima-Media Thickness After Pancreatic Islet Transplantation in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Danielson Kirstie K. , Hatipoglu Betul , Kinzer Katie , Kaplan Bruce , Martellotto Joan , Qi Meirigeng , Mele Alessandra , Benedetti Enrico , Oberholzer José 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
Determine the impact of islet transplantation on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a marker for atherosclerosis, in type 1 diabetes without kidney disease.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Consecutive case series of 15 adults (mean age [SD], 49 years [10 years]; 87% female) with type 1 diabetes for ≥5 years (mean duration [SD], 30 years [12 years]; mean HbA1c [SD], 7.2% [0.9%]), without kidney disease, presenting with severe hypoglycemic unawareness to undergo allogeneic pancreatic islet transplant(s) (one to three each) in a phase 1/2 and 3 clinical trial. Current follow-up ranges from 1 to 5 years (2005–2011). CIMT of the common and internal carotid arteries was measured before and every 12–16 months after the first transplant (two to six CIMTs each) by one ultrasonographer and one blinded reader. CIMT was analyzed as change from baseline to 12- and 50-month follow-up; a combined CIMT score was calculated as the sum of the standardized IMT scores (SD units [SDs]) of both arteries.

RESULTS
All patients achieved insulin independence after one to three transplants. CIMT decreased at 12 months (n = 15) for the common carotid (−0.058 mm; P = 0.006) and combined score (−1.28 SDs; P = 0.004). In those with 50-month follow-up (n = 7), the decrease in the combined score continued from 12 (−1.59 SDs; P = 0.04) to 50 months (−0.77 SDs; P = 0.04). During follow-up, the decreasing slope of change in CIMT was associated with decreasing slopes of change in HbA1c, lipoproteins, and cardiovascular/inflammatory markers.

CONCLUSIONS
Islet transplantation may ameliorate diabetes-related atherosclerosis through improved glycemic control consequent to restoring endogenous insulin secretion, and optimal lipid management posttransplant also contributes.
Building authentic midbrain dopaminergic neurons from stem cells - lessons from development
Authors: Kirkeby Agnete , Parmar Malin 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The challenge with controlling the differentiation of human pluripotent cells to generate functional dopaminergic neurons for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease has undergone significant progress in recent years. Here, we summarize the differences between newer and older protocols for generating midbrain dopaminergic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells, and we highlight the importance of following developmental pathways during differentiation. The field has now developed to a point where it is timely to take human pluripotent stem cells one step closer to clinical use, and cell criteria to be fulfilled for such developments are outlined in this review.
Prenatal infection, maternal immune activation, and risk for schizophrenia
Authors: Canetta Sarah , Brown Alan 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A body of epidemiological literature has suggested an association between prenatal infection, subsequent maternal immune activation (MIA), and later risk of schizophrenia. These epidemiological studies have inspired preclinical research using rodent and primate models of prenatal infection and MIA. The findings from these preclinical studies indicate that severe infection and immune activation during pregnancy can negatively impact offspring brain development and impair adult behavior. This review aims to summarize the major epidemiological and preclinical findings addressing the connection between prenatal infection and immune activation and later risk of developing schizophrenia, as well as the more limited literature addressing the mechanisms by which this gestational insult might affect offspring neurodevelopment. Finally, directions for future research will be discussed.
Autophagosomes and multivesicular bodies in neuronal development and degeneration
Authors: Diana Andrea 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A growing body of research deals with the relationship between the endosomal and autophagic/lysosomal pathways during developmental stages of the central nervous system. This includes their possible influence regarding the onset and progression of specific neurodegenerative disorders. In this review we focus our attention on major alterations affecting two organelles: autophagosomes and multivesicular bodies, both of which are located at the intersection point of their respective pathways.
Kerkvereniging en Kerkreg: Geskiedenis, beginsel en praktyk
Authors: Hofmeyr J.W. 
Published: November 2012

Church unity and church polity: History, principle and practice In this article the need for a clearer focus on the history, principles and practice of church polity in the process of church re-unijication is addressed. This is specijically focused on the process currently under way in the Dutch Reformed Church family. After an extensive discussion of issues pertaining to the history, principl~s and practice of church polity within this church family, it is concluded that the process of re-unijication need to be implemented with the necessary urgency, but also with patience.
Die stil van my verlange na God: Oor Johann Wihelm Herrmann se verstaan van die ervaring van God
Authors: Veldsman D.P. 
Published: November 2012

Quenching my thirst for God: On Johann Wilhelm Herrmann's understanding of the experience of God This article, which is divided into two parts, focusses on the concept of the "experience of God" as understood by the German systematic theologian Wilhelm Herrmann (1846 - 1922) of Marburg in his "Der Verkehr des Christen mit Gott" (1886). The first part of the article explains the historical and theological context of Herrmann's "Der Verkehr ... n as well as the theological frontiers over against which he responded in his understanding of the experience of God. For Herrmann, this experience can not be justified by means of historical investigation. Neither is this experience a "holding for true" of doctrines nor has it its origin in humans themselves, but is rather a "search-find-experience" of the overwhelming "image of Jesus" in God's revelatory engagement with humanity. If, and only if, we search for the gracious God wholeheartedly, can he himself be found and not one or other doctrine or gift of God. The second part of the article elaborates on this "search-find-experience" by humans of God as understood by Herrmann, and indicates the influence it had on Herrmann's two greatest pupils, namely Karl Barth and Rudolf Bultmann. It is argued that Herrmann's understanding of the experience of God makes up the kernel of their theological vantage points, and in this respect, is critically evaluated.
Ervaringsgeoriënteerde geloofsoordrag: geloofwaardige waarheid
Authors: Kloppers W C 
Published: November 2012

The central question in a theological communication theory is the mediation between tradition and experience. How can the reality of God and the reality of human beings be connected on the level of experience? The transmission of the Christian faith is about the mediation of a symbolic reality, meant to bring about spiritual experience and experience of meaning. Not only the cognitive dimension, but the affective, emotive, conative, aesthetic and social dimensions have to play an active role. The communication of faith on all levels of experience is thus a sine qua non for theologians and educators of religion. The challenge for theology is to recognize ways in which experience-driven religious education can be practised.
Publieke pastorale leiers 1: Roeping, werwing, keuring, opleiding, ordening
Authors: Nel Malan 
Published: November 2012

In ecclecial circles it is a commonplace to say that the profession of the pastor is under pressure. Pastors know that and congregations know that. Knowing it in itself does not change much. However change starts with coming to understanding. In this sense change is in itself a hermeneutical function. This article is the first of two in which I will explore a way to change the way local churches should assist in the discernment of a call by a member to become officially involved in public ministry within a congregation and, if it exists, a denomination. In this article the background of this research, the corporate nature of ‘calling’, and ministerial perspectives on calling, recruitment and reviewing will be explored. The second article will explore the implications for theological education as it relates to the teleological core of theological education and recruitment, reviewing (screening), and training respectively.
Jung, the Pentateuch and ethics
Authors: Scheffler Eben 
Published: November 2012

This article reflects on the contribution that can be made to the interpretation of the Bible by employing the analytical psychology of Carl Jung. After some relevant biographical considerations on Jung, his view of religion and the Bible is briefly considered, followed by a look into Genesis 1-3 in terms of his distinction of archetypes. It is suggested in the conclusion that Jungian psychological Biblical criticism can lead to a changed, but fresh view on the ‘authority’ or influence of the Bible in the lives of (post)modern human beings and their (ethical) behaviour.
Word volgelinge van sommige hedendaagse “profete” mislei en van hulle regte ontneem onder die dekmantel van profesie?
Authors: Pretorius S P 
Published: November 2012

Prophets and their prophecies seem to form an integral part of the spirituality of some believers. A small group of believers in Hertzogville are clinging wholeheartedly to the prediction uttered by their ‘prophet’, a certain David Francis. According to Francis, God gave him a message on 1 July 2004 that the deceased, Paul Meintjies, should not be buried because he would rise from the dead. Francis gave no specific date for the resurrection — God will speak to him when the time is right. Although Francis could give no specific date, rumours amongst the people in Hertzogville had it that the resurrection would take place on 29 July 2004. This date was later changed to 5 and then to 8 August 2004. Nothing happened on any of these dates. In spite of everything, the followers of Francis still believe that Meintjies will rise from the dead. In this article the claim of modern day ‘prophet’ and their so-called godly messages are evaluated. This is done in light of the Biblical prophets. Judging by the actions of his followers, it seems that Francis has gained some sort of control over them, affecting their whole lives. The prophecy appears to be instrumental in the control he has over his followers. How this ‘control’ over his followers affect their whole lives and in particular their rights is also investigated The conclusion is that modern ‘prophets’ of the like of Francis gain an unethical control over their followers’ lives through so-called ‘prophecy’. Prophecy interpreted by his followers as ‘God’ s Word’ acts as a powerful instrument in achieving this control. In the process the followers are also denied certain rights according to the country’ s Constitution under the banner of freedom of religion.
Behoort Praktische Theologie tot de Cultural Studies?
Authors: Barnard M 
Published: November 2012

In this article the author looks at the relation between Practical Theology and Cultural Studies. After an introductory section in which it is demonstrated how theology could be seen as an inextricable part of what we call culture itself, the main discussion focuses on a number of fundamental theological remarks regarding the ways and borders between culture, faith and theology. Secondly, a closer look is taken at just what exactly culture is supposed to be. Finally, the place of Practical Theology amidst other scientfic disciplines is considered.
YHWH and the God of philosophical theology
Authors: Gericke J W 
Published: November 2012

In popular orthodox Christian philosophical theology, it is often taken for granted that the divine philosophised about is none other than the Hebrew deity YHWH himself. Moreover , it is often assumed that the Old Testament depicts YHWH as being, inter alia, single, omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, and eternal. Now while it is to be admitted that there are indeed depictions of YHWH in the Old Testament in which his profile might be thought of as corresponding more or less to the popular philosophical ideal, it is also true that there are many representations that contradict it. In this article, the author looks at how the popular profile of YHWH in the Old Testament as reconstructed by some philosophical theologians claiming to be ‘biblical’ is deconstructed when it is juxtaposed with alternative renderings of the divine in the same texts.
Die lyf se troos
Authors: Le Roux JH 
Published: November 2012

This article focuses on the body as an ‘instrument’ to console and comfort others. In the early church so much attention was given to the soul and its salvation that the body was neglected. According to the Manichaeans the soul was related to God and separated from the body. The body on the other hand was so despicable that sensual pleasures could not even defile it more. Augustine integrated soul and body and allowed for sexual enjoyment in marriage but viewed the desire negatively. The rest of the article stresses the point that in times of distress the body of the other can console and relieve one from much stress. Especially in misery and in the daily experience of life’ s meaningless the advice of Ecclesiastes to enjoy ‘life with the wife whom you love’ (9:9) is taken seriously.
The structure of John 17
Authors: Wong CH 
Published: November 2012

This article proposes a structure for John 17. In paragraph A (1-5), Jesus prays for the glorification/revelation of the Father and the Son, so that Jesus’ followers may have eternal life. This objective is achieved in Paragraph B (6-10) through the giving of God’s words, resulting in the manifestation of Jesus’ glory in them. Paragraphs 3, 4, and 5 contain three petitions: “Keep them in your name” (11-13), “keep them from the evil one” (14-16), and “sanctify them in the truth” (17-19). The goal of these petitions is that they may be one with God, as the Father and the Son are one (11e, 21a). This request for oneness is repeated in Paragraph 6 (20-23), but here the petition is for all believers. Jesus’ revelation of the Father’s name has brought about oneness, since God’s love and Jesus himself have come to dwell in believers (Paragraph 7 [24-26]).
Die huwelik as ‘instelling van God’ (met implikasies vir gay huwelike)
Authors: De Villiers G 
Published: November 2012

This article focuses on marriage. It appears that marriage is in the first place a social cultural institution with legal implications, and not religious by nature. Concepts and practices regarding marriage change along with social and cultural movements. Regarding the twenty first century, a marked shift from patriarchy towards equality has been observed. Marriage practices have changed: the man is no longer sole breadwinner and head of the household, the woman no longer only the pleasing wife and mother to his children. Simultaneously gay relationships are becoming part of social reality. Gay couples express a wish for their relationships to be acknowledged by religious institutions. What does the Bible say? Marriage as ‘ordained’ by God has no biblical foundation, especially not according to the traditionally quoted Genesis 2:18. In the twenty first century the concepts ‘marriage, relationship, sin, sexuality and sex’ need to be revised in order to comply with the biblical demand of love.
Schoonheid als theologisch begrip: Urs von Balthasar’s en Van der Leeuw’s esthetiek kritisch beschouwd
Authors: Stoker W 
Published: November 2012

This article will demonstrate why beauty is an important value for the Christian faith. This is done by investigating how beauty has been developed as a theological concept by Hans Urs von Balthasar and Gerardus van der Leeuw. Beauty is an indispensable value because the holy encompasses the beautiful. Beauty belongs to the joy of shalom, to the joy of the coming Kingdom of God. The argument for beauty deals further with three questions: the relationship between the secular and the religious experience of beauty; the place of the ugly as a contrast to the beautiful and the question of whether art is only a matter of contemplating the beautiful or whether art is primarily an instrument and object of action.
De Québec à San Francisco
Authors: Gallichan Gilles 
Published: November 2012

N.-E. Dionne (1848-1917), médecin, ancien journaliste et Bibliothécaire de la Législature retraité depuis quelques années, se rend à San Francisco en 1915 pour le compte du Quebec Daily Telegraph. Il visite alors l’Exposition internationale Panama-Pacifique qui marque l’ouverture du canal de Panama et la reconstruction de la ville après le terrible tremblement de terre de 1906. Cette traversée de l’Amérique et la vision de ses villes attrayantes en pleine croissance économique représentent pour Dionne une découverte de la modernité du XXe siècle.
Considérations sur la noblesse canadienne
Authors: Le Moine Roger 
Published: November 2012

L’article traite de l’aspect juridique de la noblesse coloniale canadienne en Nouvelle-France. À partir du XVIe siècle, la noblesse en France n’est plus liée à la possession de terres. En Nouvelle-France, les anoblis sont seigneurs, mais sans qu’il y ait en lien entre les états. Les motifs qui poussent le roi à anoblir relèvent du mérite, du développement des terres, de l’économie, de l’expansion territoriale et du service militaire. L’article aborde aussi les questions de la transmission des titres, de la dérogeance et des privilèges, ainsi que de la condition économique des la classe noble, son attitude après 1760 et son destin en Amérique.
Clergé, bourgeoisie et lecture publique
Authors: Galarneau Claude 
Published: November 2012

Alexandre Vattemare et Mgr de Forbin-Janson arrivent au Québec en 1840. Leur présence active remue les populations. Mais l’échec du projet culturel du premier et le succès foudroyant de la prédication du second donnent au clergé l’occasion de fonder des bibliothèques paroissiales sur le modèle français.
Canadiens français quoique protestants
Authors: Simard Jean 
Published: November 2012

Dans la mouvance de l’intérêt nouveau suscité par l’histoire longtemps refoulée des protestants francophones du Québec, on veut montrer de quelle manière deux communautés, fondées dans la première moitié du XXe siècle, ont eu à négocier différemment leur place au soleil de l’identité. Dans les deux cas un groupe de catholiques passe au protestantisme parce qu’il s’oppose au lieu choisi par le curé et l’évêque pour construire la nouvelle église. À Saint-Damase-de-L’Islet, sur la Côte-du-Sud, la naissance de la communauté se fait sans heurt majeur apparent tandis qu’à Girardville, dans le Lac-Saint-Jean, la rupture conduit à l’affrontement «musclé».
High KSHV prevalence among HIV‐infected males in North India
Authors: Munawwar A , Sharma S , Gupta S , Singh S 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundKaposi sarcoma is the most common cancer associated with AIDS worldwide. HIV is endemic in India but there are no studies on this co‐infection from India. Our present study examined the seroprevalence of HHV8 infections in adult Indian males infected with HIV.MethodsThe study was carried out at AIIMS, a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India. We enrolled 93 HIV‐positive males naïve of ART. We employed whole virus enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA; Advanced Biotechnologies Inc, Columbia, MD, USA]. A univariate analysis including age, marital status, mode of HIV transmission and CD4 count were used to determine variables associated with HHV8 seropositivity. Significant variables were adjusted in a logistic regression model expressed in odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). P<0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe seroprevalence of KSHV infection was 33.3% in HIV‐1 infected males. HHV8 seropositivity in HIV‐infected males. Age was independently associated with the age group>25 years [OR=9.5; 95% CI=1.98–45.75.ConclusionTaken together, our findings showed high rates of KSHV antibody prevalence in the male cohort of suggesting that KSHV infection may be markedly associated with HIV‐1 infection in India especially in the heterosexual group. However, a further KSHV seroepidemiological survey; including a representative number of Indian cohorts of HIV‐1‐infected outpatients, is needed to further confirm our present findings.
Analysis of the evolution of direct costs of antiretroviral delivery in Argentina
Authors: Bissio E , Balleri C , Falistocco C 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundIn Argentina, antiretroviral treatment (ART) is covered by the State for all the persons who do not have health insurances, who represent 70% of all HIV infected patients in the country. Since 1992, the Direction of Aids (Ministry of Health) buys and delivers ART, treatments for opportunistic infections and reagents to diagnose and follow‐up HIV infection. Nevertheless, until now, an analysis of the evolution of the costs of the drugs acquired by the Direction of Aids has not been performed. The aim of this study was to analyze the direct costs of ART for the Direction of Aids in Argentina since 2006, and evaluate progression over time.MethodsThe expenditure on ART and drugs for opportunistic infections was obtained. All values (in pesos) were converted to dollars. The cost of ART per patient per year was calculated. Changes in cost were determined for the total and per patient expenditures, and the reasons for the changes analyzed.ResultsTotal expenditure for ART (in uS dollars) went from 33.7 million in 2006 to 75 million in 2011 (123% increase). The number of patients on ART covered by the Aids Direction increased from 23228 in 2006 to 33279 (43%) by the end of 2011. The cost (u$s) of ART per person per year was: *06*: 1449; *07*: 1645; *08*: 1516; *09*: 1543; *10*: 1968; *11*: 2255. This represents a 56% increase from 2006 to 2011, though this change was uneven through the years. This was driven mainly by a decrease from 07 to 08, due to lack of acquisition of ART for political reasons; and a very steep increase in 09‐10 due to incorporation of more expensive drugs such as tenofovir/emtricitabine, raltegravir and maraviroc.ConclusionsAnnual cost of ART per person in Argentina has been increasing considerably in the last years. Even though this cost is much lower than those informed by some European countries (Italy: u$ 7500[1]; UK: u$ 9000[2], Germany: u$ 18000); it is one of the highest in Latin‐America, where median cost is u$1200 (range: 200–3300). According to PAHO, the delivered ART in Argentina should cost u$ 1200 per person per year, or less. In view of the policy for treatment expansion (new Ministry of Health guidelines recommend ART with CD4≤500/mm3), it is important to seek ways of lowering the cost of ART. Some of the strategies might be the incorporation of generics (Argentina has a young patents law, barriers to generic use seem not to be very strong but this might change in the future) and buying via strategic funds.