bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Castration Therapy Results in Decreased Ku70 Levels in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Al-Ubaidi Firas L. T. , Schultz Niklas , Loseva Olga , Egevad Lars , Granfors Torvald , Helleday Thomas 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Neoadjuvant castration improves response to radiotherapy of prostate cancer. Here, we determine whether castration therapy impairs nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) by downregulating Ku70 protein expression.
Experimental Design: Twenty patients with locally advanced prostate cancer were enrolled, and 6 to 12 needle core biopsy specimens were taken from the prostate of each patient before treatment. Bilateral orchidectomy was conducted in eight patients and 12 patients were treated with a GnRH agonist. After castration, two to four similar biopsies were obtained, and the levels of Ku70 and γ-H2AX foci were determined by immunofluorescence in verified cancer tissues.
Results: We observed that the androgen receptor binds directly to Ku70 in prostate tissue. We also found a reduction of the Ku70 protein levels in the cell nuclei in 12 of 14 patients (P &lt; 0.001) after castration. The reduction in Ku70 expression correlated significantly with decreased serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels after castration, suggesting that androgen receptor activity regulates Ku70 protein levels in prostate cancer tissue. Furthermore, a significant correlation between the reductions of Ku70 after castration versus changes induced of castration of γ-H2AX foci could be seen implicating a functional linkage of decreased Ku70 levels and impaired DNA repair.
Conclusions: Castration therapy results in decreased levels of the Ku70 protein in prostate cancer cells. Because the Ku70 protein is essential for the NHEJ repair of DSBs and its downregulation impairs DNA repair, this offers a possible explanation for the increased radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells following castration. Clin Cancer Res; 19(6); 1547–56. ©2013 AACR.
Intramuscular Fat and Associations With Metabolic Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Therkelsen Kate E. , Pedley Alison , Speliotes Elizabeth K. , Massaro Joseph M. , Murabito Joanne , Hoffmann Udo , Fox Caroline S. 
Published: January 2013

Objective—
Intramuscular fat accumulates between muscle fibers or within muscle cells. We investigated the association of intramuscular fat with other ectopic fat deposits and metabolic risk factors.

Approach and Results—
Participants (n=2945; 50.2% women; mean age 50.8 years) from the Framingham Heart Study underwent multidetector computed tomography scanning of the abdomen. Regions of interest were placed on the left and right paraspinous muscle, and the muscle attenuation (MA) in Hounsfield units was averaged. We examined the association between MA and metabolic risk factors in multivariable models, and additionally adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in separate models. MA was associated with dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension in both sexes. In women, per standard deviation decrease in MA, there was a 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.10–1.64) increase in the odds of diabetes mellitus, a 1.40 (95% confidence interval, 1.22–1.61) increase in the odds of high triglycerides, and a 1.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.48) increase in the odds of hypertension. However, none of these associations persisted after adjustment for BMI or VAT. In men, we observed similar patterns for most risk factors. The exception was metabolic syndrome, which retained association in women even after adjustment for BMI and VAT, and low high density lipoprotein and high triglycerides in men, whose associations also persisted after adjustment for BMI and VAT.

Conclusions—
MA was associated with metabolic risk factors, but most of these associations were lost after adjustment for BMI or VAT. However, a unique association remained for metabolic syndrome in women and lipids in men.
Pheromones exert top-down effects on visual recognition in the jumping spiderLyssomanes viridis
Authors: Tedore Cynthia , Johnsen Sönke 
Published: January 2013

SummaryIn diverse and productive habitats, predaceous arthropods are expected to frequently encounter dangerous conspecifics and heterospecifics. This should make quick and accurate discriminations between species and sexes adaptive. By simultaneously sampling both visual cues and pheromones, and by utilizing stringent species- and sex-specific visual recognition templates, an individual should be able to increase both its speed and accuracy in making such discriminations. We tested for the use and stringency of visual recognition templates in the jumping spider Lyssomanes viridis by presenting males with animated images of conspecifics, heterospecifics, and composite images which combined the facial coloration and morphology of one sex or species with the leg coloration of another. Males’ courtship versus threat displays indicated whether a stimulus was perceived as a potential mate or threat. By comparing males’ visual inspection times and display types to the various images in the presence versus absence of female pheromones, we were able to deduce whether males tend to inspect a subset of the color pattern and morphological features that make up their conspecific recognition templates (i.e. those on just the face or just the legs), or all features, and whether this changes in the presence of pheromones. We found that the male recognition template for conspecific female was surprisingly coarse, whereas the recognition template for conspecific male, and especially the male face, was more specific. Pheromones hastened the recognition of images with coloration and morphology closely matching those of conspecifics, presumably by activating conspecific visual recognition templates. When males were presented with an image that was, overall, a poor match to a conspecific female, but that contained a subset of female or female-like features, female pheromones usually did not hasten recognition, but did increase the likelihood that the image would be identified as a female. Taken together, our data suggest that males examined features on both the face and legs in both the presence and absence of pheromones, and that female pheromones tipped the balance in favor of a female identification when a male was unsure how to categorize an incongruous set of visual features.
Elongation of Circulation Time of a Diatomic Molecule Receptor in Bloodstream by Attachment to Small Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Karasugi Keiichi , Kitagishi Hiroaki , Kano Koji 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
An Fe(III) complex of N-[4-(10,15,20-trisulfonatophenylporphine-5-yl)phenyl]-1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanamide formed a 1:1 inclusion complex (TA-met-hemoCD) with a per-O-methylated β-cyclodextrin dimer having a pyridine linker (Py3CD). A mixture of TA-met-hemoCD and H[AuCl4] in aqueous solution was treated with NaBH4 to induce the formation of TA-met-hemoCD-bearing Au nanoparticles (NP1ox), with an average particle size of 5.2 nm. Iron(II) NP1red obtained by the reduction of NP1ox bound dioxygen as well as carbon monoxide in aqueous solution. The dioxygen adduct of NP1red was scarcely accumulated on the organs when injected into the femoral vein of a rat, and circulated in the bloodstream for a long duration (a residual percentage of 63% 6 h after injection). We also analyzed the effect of PEGylation on the nanoparticles. Contrary to our expectations, PEGylation did not have any remarkable influence on the circulation time of the nanoparticles.
A new approach to analysing static locative expressions
Authors: Tutton Mark 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAs speakers, we are frequently called upon to specify the locations of objects and landmarks in our environment. However, despite the considerable body of work on spatial cognition and semantics (i.e. Levinson 1992, 1996, 2003; Tyler and Evans 2003; Herskovits 1986; Vandeloise 1986), there has been almost no research on the expression of location from a multimodal viewpoint: that is, how do speakers use gesture, as well as speech, to express object location? This paper reports on a filmed study of 10 English speakers and 10 French speakers who were asked to express the locations of 28 objects in two spatial scenes. On the basis of our results we argue that a functional, as opposed to a grammatical, approach to the segmentation and analysis of these sorts of expressions is crucial. Such an approach reflects the fact that different Figures (i.e. objects to be located) can exist simultaneously across speech and gesture. Using filmed examples from our data set, we propose a new definition of static locative expressions and outline a multimodal approach for their analysis in oral discourse.
Crystal structure of nonaaqua[bis(μ2-pyridine-2,4,6-tricarboxylato- κ3O,N,O:(O')dilutetium(III)]trihydrate, Lu2(H2O)9(ptc)2·3H2O, C16H28Lu2N2O24
Authors: Zhu Hong-Lin , Qi Jin-Li 
Published: January 2013

Abstract C16H28Lu2N2O24, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.602(2) Å, b = 10.417(2) Å, c = 17.374(4) Å, α = 92.32(3)°, β = 92.08(3)°, γ = 95.74(3)°, V = 1366.7 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0489, wRref(F2) = 0.1229, T = 293 K.
Synthesis of 5-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-methoxyaniline: An important pharmacological fragment of VEGFR2 and other inhibitors
Authors: Murár Miroslav , Addová Gabriela , Boháč Andrej 
Published: January 2013

Background: 5-(Ethylsulfonyl)-2-methoxyaniline (5) is part of the structure in 131 compounds possessing different biological activities. In most cases, they have antitumor properties (112 compounds). Other compounds are described as cardiovascular agents, ion-channel blockers, nervous-system blockers, anti-inflammatory agents, or antidiabetic, antiosteoporotic and hypolipemic species. Compound 5 is a precursor of different protein-kinase inhibitors or enzyme modulators (EGFR, PDGFR, ckit, CDK 2 and 4, MMPs 2, 3, 9 and 13, etc.). The structure of 5 represents a fragment for several powerful inhibitors of VEGFR2, a key angiogenic receptor. Antiangiogenic inhibitors slow down or stop new blood-vessel formation from pre-existing vasculature. Some antiangiogenic drugs inhibiting the VEGFR2 receptor are successfully used in clinics for the treatment of several types of tumours in synergy with chemotherapy (e.g., Nexavar® from Bayer, Sutent® from Pfizer and Votrient® from GlaxoSmithKline, approved by the FDA in 2005, 2006 and 2009, respectively). The structure of 5 is an important pharmacophoric fragment of potent VEGFR2 inhibitors (e.g., AAZ from PDB complex 1Y6A, enzymatic IC50 = 22 nM). Up to now, 25 VEGFR2 inhibitors possessing a fragment of 5 can be found in the literature. Despite the high significance of 5-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-methoxyaniline (5) its preparation has not yet been described.Results: Here we have developed a convenient synthesis of important polyheterosubstituted aniline 5 starting from commercially available 4-methoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (1) in four steps and 59% overall yield. The target 5-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-methoxyaniline (5) and its synthetic intermediates 2–4 together with a new compound 5-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-methoxy-1,3-dinitrobenzene (4a) have been precisely physicochemically characterised.
The importance of antennal mechanosensilla of Sepedon fuscipennis (Diptera: Sciomyzidae)
Authors: Stoffolano John G. , Rice Marian , Murphy William L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe styli, often called the aristae, of the antennae of adult Sepedon fuscipennis Loew (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) are shown to possess mechanosensilla, the number and arrangement of which differ between the sexes. It is suggested that the mechanosensilla provide sensory input to the female regarding the touching, or appositioning, of her styli by the male with his forelegs during copulation. Among the Sciomyzidae, S.fuscipennis males are unique in appositioning the antennae of the female during mating. Large clusters of pollen found on the styli of both sexes suggest that mechanosensilla and chemosensilla also provide sensory information about potential sources of food such as nectar (i.e., carbohydrates).
A sampling unit for estimating gall densities of Paradiplosis tumifex (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Christmas tree stands
Authors: Carleton R. Drew , Silk Peter J. , Eveleigh Eldon S. , Heard Stephen B. , Dickie Chris 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe used field surveys in central New Brunswick, Canada to establish efficient sampling procedures for evaluating densities of balsam gall midge, Paradiplosis tumifex Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and its associated damage in balsam fir, Abies balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller, Christmas trees. Infestation was greater in larger trees than smaller trees and in mid-crown and upper-crown branches than in the lower crown. However, the relationship between gallmaker infestation and site, height class, and crown level was highly complex and may involve covariation of shoot length with height class and crown level. As a result, patterns in infestation did not lend themselves to simple interpretation. This complexity highlights the need to find sampling units that provide simpler but reasonably accurate predictors of gallmaker impact at the whole-tree scale. We identified such a sampling unit: gallmaker density in first-order current-year shoots of a mid-crown branch explained 81% of the variance in total infestation among trees.
Adaptive trajectory tracking control of wheeled mobile robots with disturbance observer
Authors: Taheri‐Kalani J. , Khosrowjerdi M.J. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, the trajectory tracking problem for a wheeled mobile robot in the presence of kinematic and dynamic uncertainties has been addressed. Uncertainties are modeled as lumped disturbances. A kinematic controller based on feedback linearization approach and a dynamic controller based on model reference adaptive control are designed in the presence of disturbances. In order to ensure both robustness and implementability of the controllers, the disturbances are estimated by a generalized linear matrix inequality‐based disturbance observer. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alkinmetathese im Aufwind
Authors: Fürstner Alois 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDie frühe Entwicklung der Alkinmetathese war nicht frei von einer gewissen Paradoxie: Zwar konnten der vorgeschlagene Mechanismus der Reaktion schnell verifiziert und mehrere effektive Katalysatoren bereitgestellt werden, doch blieben die Auswirkungen auf die Synthesechemie für viele Jahre äußerst bescheiden. In jüngster Zeit scheinen die Dinge jedoch in Bewegung zu geraten: Die außerordentliche Aktivität und Verlässlichkeit der letzten Generation an Alkinmetathese Katalysatoren, im Verein mit ihrer hervorragenden Toleranz gegenüber einer Vielzahl funktioneller Gruppen, machen neuartige und wesentlich anspruchsvollere Anwendungen möglich. Werden die so zugänglichen (cyclischen) Alkine anschließend geschickt modifiziert, lässt sich ein breites Spektrum an Strukturmotiven aufbauen. Da zugleich einige der hoch aktiven und selektiven Katalysatoren ohne Schlenk‐Technik an Luft gehandhabt und gelagert werden können, sollte nunmehr weitergehenden Anwendungen dieser vielseitigen Reaktion kaum etwas im Wege stehen.
Alkyne Metathesis on the Rise
Authors: Fürstner Alois 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe early years of alkyne metathesis were marked by a somewhat ironic state of affairs: the proposed mechanism was swiftly validated and more than one effective catalyst became available shortly after the discovery of this transformation; surprisingly, however, the impact on synthesis remained very limited for a long period of time. Recent advances, however, suggest that this situation is about to change: the remarkable activity, functional‐group tolerance, and reliability of the latest generation of catalysts open the door for highly advanced applications. The resulting (cyclo)alkynes are amenable to numerous postmetathetic transformations, which diversify the product portfolio and bring many different structural motifs into reach. Since the catalysts have also evolved from the glovebox to the benchtop, there should be little barrier left for a wider use of this reaction in organic synthesis.
Nonlinear order preserving index for encrypted database query in service cloud environments
Authors: Liu Dongxi , Wang Shenlu 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe database services on cloud are appearing as an attractive way of outsourcing databases. When a database is deployed on a cloud database service, the data security and privacy becomes a big concern for users. A straightforward way to address this concern is to encrypt the database. However, after encryption, the database cannot be easily queried. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear order preserving scheme for indexing encrypted data, which facilitates the range queries over encrypted databases. The scheme is secure even there are a large number of duplicates in plaintexts. Moreover, our scheme allows the programmability of basic indexing expressions and thus provides the capability of hiding the distribution of plaintexts from the distribution of indexes. This scheme is suitable for long‐standing databases because its use does not need any assumption on the characteristics of database data, such as their distribution, range and number, which may change dramatically over time.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical and experimental analysis of machining of Al (20 vol% SiC) composite by the use of ABAQUS software
Authors: Fathipour M. , Hamedi M. , Yousefi R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this study two‐dimensional finite element model of Al/SiC metal matrix composites (MMC) are investigated by the use of ABAQUS/Explicit software. Chip formations and machining forces during machining of MMC have been studied and compared to experimental data. It was found that the resulted chips in simulation and the generated chips in experiments both have saw‐tooth in appearance. On the other hand, the obtained cutting forces diagrams from simulation and experimental conditions have considerable fluctuating with passing cutting time. This is due to the interaction between tool and SiC particles during chip formation.
Correction method for wireless electromagnetic localization of microcapsule devices
Authors: Guo Xudong , Yan Rongguo , Wang Cheng 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn the development of a telemetry localization system for wireless tracking of a microcapsule medical device based on alternating current magnetic fields, further improvements are required in terms of localization accuracy and reductions in systematic error.MethodsA new correction method is proposed based on an improved neural network algorithm for wireless localization. Based on the wireless localization model and its prototype, a single neural network with five input and five output neurons was designed for correction. Because the position and attitude angle are defined on different domains, both the input and output variables were normalized to improve network convergence. To prevent overfitting, the Levenberg–Marquardt Bayesian regularization algorithm was used as an effective learning algorithm for the neural network.ResultsThrough experimental testing, the tracked and true locations were obtained, and the effects of neural network correction on improving localization accuracy were assessed. The experiments demonstrated reductions in localization errors when using the improved neural network correction algorithm. After correction, average errors of the X, Y, Z, α, and β components reduced to 8.1 mm, 9.3 mm, 7.2 mm, 0.075 rad, and 0.071 rad, respectively.ConclusionsCompared with the basic back propagation algorithm, the Levenberg–Marquardt Bayesian regularization algorithm effectively improves the generalizability and convergence accuracy of neural networks in wireless localization correction. In addition, this method provides a feasible solution for improving the accuracy when wirelessly tracking a microcapsule device. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient structural analysis of wall–frame structures
Authors: Park Yong‐Koo , Kim Hyun‐Su , Lee Dong‐Guen 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYIn this study, an efficient analytical model for the dynamic analysis of tall buildings with a shear wall–frame structural system has been proposed. A shear wall–frame structural system usually consists of a core wall showing flexural behavior and a frame presenting shear behavior. Therefore, the deformed shape of the shear wall–frame structural system is shown by the combination of flexural mode and shear mode. To consider this characteristic in developing an efficient analytical model, the effect of shear wall and frame on the dynamic behavior of a tall building with a dual system has been separately investigated. In order to consider the effect of the shear wall in the frame model without shear wall, a rigid body was used instead of the shear wall. Each equivalent model for the separated shear wall part and frame part has been independently developed, and two equivalent models were then combined to create an efficient analytical model for tall buildings with a shear wall–frame structural system. In order to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method, time history analyses of tall buildings with a shear wall–frame system were performed. With analytical results, it has been confirmed that the proposed method can provide accurate results with significantly reduced computational time and memory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survival Patterns and Mortality in the North American Population of Silvered Leaf Monkeys (Trachypithecus cristatus)
Authors: Shelmidine Nichole , McAloose Denise , McCann Colleen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study examines mortality in the North American (N.A.) population of silvered leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus cristatus) maintained in Association of Zoos and Aquarium's zoos. Understanding the causes of death associated with mortality rates (MR) can highlight relative susceptibility to intrinsic/extrinsic factors and differences between age and sex classes. Overall, life tables can provide insight into a species' population dynamics. We expect that the MR will fit the general mammalian and primate trends of a U‐shaped curve when graphed, that males will have a higher MR and shorter life expectancy than females and that infant survival will be higher in captivity than in wild populations. Our results indicate that the N.A. captive population fits expected MR trends of a U‐shaped curve. However, no differences in MR or life expectancy were found between the sexes. Infant survivorship did not differ from the wild or other leaf monkey populations (both captive and wild). The majority of infant deaths occurred on day 1 of life (52.8% of all infant deaths) and infant survivorship to 1 year was 66%. Neonates (n = 6, 31.6%) and infants (n = 4, 44.4%) died from trauma, juveniles (n = 2, 33.3%) from nutritional reasons, adults from non‐infectious diseases (n = 7, 29.2%) and from post‐surgical complications (n = 7, 29.2%), and older adults from idiopathic diseases (n = 4, 26.7%) and non‐infectious diseases (n = 4, 26.7%). Only older adult males died from degenerative diseases (i.e., heart failure, n = 3, 42.9%). In general, this captive population demonstrated some similar trends to those observed in mammalian and Old World monkey populations. Zoo Biol. 32:177–188, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals Inc.