bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farm to School as a strategy to increase children's fruit and vegetable consumption in the United States: Research and recommendations
Authors: Taylor J. C. , Johnson R. K. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe majority of children in the United States (US) do not consume the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables for their age and gender. Farm to School (FTS) has been promoted as a strategy to increase consumption of these foods among US schoolchildren in primary and secondary schools (ages 5–19). FTS programmes connect schools to farmers and locally grown foods through a variety of activities that provide nutrition education and exposure to fruits and vegetables. This paper reviews the literature assessing the impact of these programmes on fruit and vegetable consumption among children in the US and makes recommendations for future research to improve knowledge of the efficacy of such approaches.While FTS programmes are becoming increasingly popular in the US, there is a paucity of peer‐reviewed research assessing its overall impact on children's actual consumption of fruits and vegetables. Instead, the majority of literature on FTS has focused on school lunch participation rates and self‐reported intake or selection of fruits and vegetables in programme evaluations that are usually self‐conducted by individual FTS programmes. These studies tended to use surveys that have not been validated against actual fruit and vegetable consumption and so are not necessarily representative of actual consumption. To a lesser extent, validated self‐report dietary assessment methods have been used but these methods are subject to children's misreporting. Based on the types of methods used in most of the current literature on FTS, it is difficult to draw conclusions about its true impact on children's fruit and vegetable consumption. However, continued implementation of FTS is encouraged based on the positive outcomes observed in other school interventions with similarities to FTS. Future studies assessing the impact of FTS on children's dietary behaviour should adopt validated dietary assessment methods to measure fruit and vegetable consumption, especially those that require observation of children's actual intake in order to eliminate errors from children's self‐report.
Behaviour change initiatives to promote a healthy diet and physical activity in European countries
Authors: Weichselbaum E. , Hooper B. , Buttriss J. , Theobald C. , Sgarabottolo V. , Combris P. , Strigler F. , Oberritter H. , Cullen M. , Valero T. , Ruiz E. , del Pozo S. , Ávila J. M. , Varela‐Moreiras G. , Jost E. , Stowell J. , Mutus B. , Besler H. T. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe health benefits of physical activity and a healthy diet are well known, yet large proportions of modern societies do not meet recommended guidelines for these behaviours. Intervention programmes aimed at changing activity and eating behaviours, ranging from individual‐level approaches to community‐wide campaigns in effects on physical activity, diet and weight loss (Norman et al. ). A first step in healthy behaviour promotion aimed at behaviour change is to identify the health problems of a population that are serious and/or prevalent enough to justify spending time, money and other resources (Brug et al. ). Many behaviour change interventions aim to tackle obesity, the prevalence of which is still rising in many European countries, which is positively associated with chronic diseases affecting the health and wellbeing of Western populations. But other common risk factors for chronic disease, such as high intakes of salt or saturated fatty acids, are also the targets of health intervention programmes in a number of European countries.This paper provides examples of intervention programmes, conducted by government and other organisations, from eight European countries that aim to change behaviour in relation to diet and physical activity. It summarises the outcomes of a workshop held during a meeting of the European Nutrition Foundations (ENF) Network in London, UK, on 25 June 2012.
Association of obstructive sleep apnoea with the presence and severity of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Musso G. , Cassader M. , Olivetti C. , Rosina F. , Carbone G. , Gambino R. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryObstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are common in clinical practice. NAFLD encompasses simple steatosis and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): both confer an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes; NASH increases also liver‐related risk. Growing experimental evidence connects chronic intermittent hypoxia of OSAS to NAFLD. We reviewed English and non‐English articles and international meeting abstracts through December 2012. Observational studies were included if they assessed OSAS by polysomnography and NAFLD by histological, radiological or biochemical criteria. Two reviewers evaluated retrieved articles by appropriate quality scores. Main outcomes were pooled using random‐ or fixed‐effects models. The effect of age, sex and body mass index (BMI) on effect estimates was assessed by meta‐regression. Eighteen cross‐sectional studies (2,183 participants) were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) of OSAS for the presence of NAFLD, as defined by histology, radiology, and AST or ALT elevation, were 2.01(95% CI: 1.36–2.97), 2.99(1.79–4.99), 2.36(1.46–3.82) and 2.60(1.88–3.61), respectively. Pooled ORs of OSAS for NASH, fibrosis‐any stage, or advanced fibrosis in biopsy‐proven NAFLD patients were 2.37(1.59–3.51), 2.16(1.45–3.20) and 2.30(1.21–4.38). The magnitude and direction of effects were unaffected by age, sex and BMI. In conclusion, OSAS is associated with an increased risk of NAFLD, NASH and fibrosis. OSAS patients should be screened for the presence and severity of NAFLD.
Use of asynchrony in flowering for easy and economical polyhaploid induction in wheat following Imperata cylindrica‐mediated chromosome elimination approach
Authors: Chaudhary Harinder K. , Tayeng Tisu , Kaila Vineeta , Rather Shoukat A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWheat × Imperata cylindrica‐mediated approach of doubled haploidy breeding requires hand emasculation followed by pollination with I. cylindrica pollen. The pace of this endeavour can be enhanced by utilizing asynchronous flowering of wheat spikes by direct pollination without emasculation followed by morphological marker–assisted screening of selfed and crossed seeds. The emasculated and un‐emasculated spikes of 13 spring and six winter wheat genotypes and two triticale × wheat derivatives were pollinated with I. cylindrica pollen. The response of different genotypes for production of crossed and selfed seeds with direct pollination varied significantly within and between groups for spring and winter wheats, whereas triticale × wheat derivatives responded similarly to each other but significantly different from spring and winter wheats. Although, the proportion of pseudoseed formation was lower in case of direct pollination, yet in some genotypes, it was comparable to that of pollination after emasculation. Moreover, the response for haploid embryo induction frequency was similar in both the cases. The method of direct pollination can be utilized for easy and economical induction of haploids.
Schistosoma japonicum: susceptibility of neonate mice born to infected and noninfected mothers following subsequent challenge
Authors: Zhao F. , Huang X. , Hou X. , Deng Y. , Wu M. , Guan F. , Liu W. , Li Y. , Lei J. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThis study was to investigate the differences between neonate mice born to Schistosoma japonicum‐infected mothers and those born to noninfected mothers in subsequent challenge. The intensity of infection (evidenced by worm burden and liver egg burden) and liver immunopathology (number and size of liver granulomas) were significantly reduced in neonates from infected mothers (I.M.) compared with neonates from noninfected mothers (N.M.). Anti‐soluble worm antigen of S. japonicum (SWA) IgG could be detected in sera of neonates from I.M. (N.N./I.M.) at 1 week after delivery, remained a plateau for 2 weeks and gradually decreased until 8 weeks of age. Parasite‐specific IgM was not detected in sera from N.N./I.M. at any time after delivery. At 6 weeks after infection, the level of anti‐SWA IgG in infected neonates from I.M. (I.N./I.M.) was significantly higher than that of infected neonates from N.M. (I.N./N.M.). In addition, production of IFN‐γ, IL‐12 and TGF‐β by cultured splenocytes from I.N./I.M. was significantly increased, while the level of IL‐4 was significantly decreased when compared to those from I.N./N.M.. These data demonstrate that congenital exposure to schistosomiasis japonica may render neonatal mice born to I.M. less susceptible to subsequent challenge and result in down‐regulation of both infection intensity and immunopathology.
A Comparison of the Accuracy of Liquid CytologyVersusConventional Screening: A Meta-Analysis of Split-Sample Studies
Authors: Epstein David , Labry Lima de Antonio Olry , Mochón Leticia García , Balbino Jaime Espín , Esquivias Javier 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe aim of the paper is to compare the accuracy and effectiveness of liquid-based versus conventional cytology when used as part of a process of population screening to reduce the incidence of invasive cervical cancer. Data from split-sample studies were analysed by using a hierarchical Bayesian multiparameter evidence synthesis model. Predictions of sensitivity and specificity were derived without having a procedure to detect the lesions. Results suggest that the specificity of both tests is high, such that less than 1% of normal samples are expected to be misdiagnosed. However, the sensitivity may be lower, with around 81% of lesions expected to be correctly diagnosed in smear tests and 88% in liquid-based cytology.
On Information Quality
Authors: Kenett Ron S. , Shmueli Galit 
Published: February 2013

SummaryWe define the concept of information quality ‘InfoQ’ as the potential of a data set to achieve a specific (scientific or practical) goal by using a given empirical analysis method. InfoQ is different from data quality and analysis quality, but is dependent on these components and on the relationship between them. We survey statistical methods for increasing InfoQ at the study design and post-data-collection stages, and we consider them relatively to what we define as InfoQ. We propose eight dimensions that help to assess InfoQ: data resolution, data structure, data integration, temporal relevance, generalizability, chronology of data and goal, construct operationalization and communication. We demonstrate the concept of InfoQ, its components (what it is) and assessment (how it is achieved) through three case-studies in on-line auctions research. We suggest that formalizing the concept of InfoQ can help to increase the value of statistical analysis, and data mining both methodologically and practically, thus contributing to a general theory of applied statistics.
Facies model of a fine‐grained, tide‐dominated delta: Lower Dir Abu Lifa Member (Eocene), Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: Legler Berit , Johnson Howard D. , Hampson Gary J. , Massart Benoit Y.G. , Jackson Chris A‐L. , Jackson Matthew D. , El‐Barkooky Ahmed , Ravnas Rodmar 
Published: February 2013

AbstractExisting facies models of tide‐dominated deltas largely omit fine‐grained, mud‐rich successions. Sedimentary facies and sequence stratigraphic analysis of the exceptionally well‐preserved Late Eocene Dir Abu Lifa Member (Western Desert, Egypt) aims to bridge this gap. The succession was deposited in a structurally controlled, shallow, macrotidal embayment and deposition was supplemented by fluvial processes but lacked wave influence. The succession contains two stacked, progradational parasequence sets bounded by regionally extensive flooding surfaces. Within this succession two main genetic elements are identified: non‐channelized tidal bars and tidal channels. Non‐channelized tidal bars comprise coarsening‐upward sandbodies, including large, downcurrent‐dipping accretion surfaces, sometimes capped by palaeosols indicating emergence. Tidal channels are preserved as single‐storey and multilateral bodies filled by: (i) laterally migrating, elongate tidal bars (inclined heterolithic strata, 5 to 25 m thick); (ii) forward‐facing lobate bars (sigmoidal heterolithic strata, up to 10 m thick); (iii) side bars displaying oblique to vertical accretion (4 to 7 m thick); or (iv) vertically‐accreting mud (1 to 4 m thick). Palaeocurrent data show that channels were swept by bidirectional tidal currents and typically were mutually evasive. Along‐strike variability defines a similar large‐scale architecture in both parasequence sets: a deeply scoured channel belt characterized by widespread inclined heterolithic strata is eroded from the parasequence‐set top, and flanked by stacked, non‐channelized tidal bars and smaller channelized bodies. The tide‐dominated delta is characterized by: (i) the regressive stratigraphic context; (ii) net‐progradational stratigraphic architecture within the succession; (iii) the absence of upward deepening trends and tidal ravinement surfaces; and (iv) architectural relations that demonstrate contemporaneous tidal distributary channel infill and tidal bar accretion at the delta front. The detailed facies analysis of this fine‐grained, tide‐dominated deltaic succession expands the range of depositional models available for the evaluation of ancient tidal successions, which are currently biased towards transgressive, valley‐confined estuarine and coarser grained deltaic depositional systems.
Oxygenation of shallow marine environments and chemical sedimentation in Palaeoproterozoic peritidal settings: Frere Formation, Western Australia
Authors: Akin Sara J. , Pufahl Peir K. , Hiatt Eric E. , Pirajno Franco 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Palaeoproterozoic Frere Formation (ca 1.89 Gyr old) of the Earaheedy Basin, Western Australia, is a ca 600 m thick succession of iron formation and fine‐grained, clastic sedimentary rocks that accumulated on an unrimmed continental margin with oceanic upwelling. Lithofacies stacking patterns suggest that deposition occurred during a marine transgression punctuated by higher frequency relative sea‐level fluctuations that produced five parasequences. Decametre‐scale parasequences are defined by flooding surfaces overlain by either laminated magnetite or magnetite‐bearing, hummocky cross‐stratified sandstone that grades upward into interbedded hematite‐rich mudstone and trough cross‐stratified granular iron formation. Each aggradational cycle is interpreted to record progradation of intertidal and tidal channel sediments over shallow subtidal and storm‐generated deposits of the middle shelf. The presence of aeolian deposits, mud cracks and absence of coarse clastics indicate deposition along an arid coastline with significant wind‐blown sediment input. Iron formation in the Frere Formation, in contrast to most other Palaeoproterozoic examples, was deposited almost exclusively in peritidal environments. These other continental margin iron formations also reflect upwelling of anoxic, Fe‐rich sea water, but accumulated in the full spectrum of shelf environments. Dilution by fine‐grained, windblown terrigenous clastic sediment probably prevented the Frere iron formation from forming in deeper settings. Lithofacies associations and interpreted paragenetic pathways of Fe‐rich lithofacies further suggest precipitation in sea water with a prominent oxygen chemocline. Although essentially unmetamorphosed, the complex diagenetic history of the Frere Formation demonstrates that understanding the alteration of iron formation is a prerequisite for any investigation seeking to interpret ocean‐atmosphere evolution. Unlike studies that focus exclusively on their chemistry, an approach that also considers palaeoenvironment and oceanography, as well the effects of post‐depositional fluid flow and alteration, mitigates the potential for incorrectly interpreting geochemical data.
The Distinct Psychologies of “Looking” and “Leaping”: Assessment and Locomotion as the Springs of Action
Authors: Kruglanski Arie W. , Pierro Antonio , Mannetti Lucia , Higgins Tory E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractActions require two essential functions: assessment and locomotion. Assessment determines one’s goals and selects the means. Locomotion translates these into concrete behavior. In past work, assessment and locomotion have been portrayed as co‐ordinated and interdependent, or associated with different action phases. In contrast, we review recent theorizing and research that depict assessment and locomotion as autonomous and complementary. Recent evidence supports this conception for the behavior of individuals, groups, organizations, and cultures in reference to actions at different levels of analysis.
Pedogenesis, land management and soil classification in hyper‐arid environments: results and implications from a case study in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Abdelfattah M. A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA study of the soils in the Northern Emirates (NE), which covers 8.2% of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was undertaken applying the USDA Soil Taxonomy (ST) to classify soils up to the family level. The objective of the study was to identify the key factors and processes responsible for soil formation in hyper‐arid environments in general and the study area in particular and to draw conclusions regarding soil classification and land management. Fifteen pedons representing the major soils in the region were investigated. Samples were collected, processed and analysed for physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics. Factors controlling soil development such as parent material, climate, plants and animals, relief, time, human activities and processes of salinization, calcification, gypsification, sodification and aeolian deposition were evaluated to guide soil classification and management. Data from soil families were used for describing and comparing soil‐forming factors and processes. It is concluded that these factors and processes play major roles in influencing soil use and management. There are also strong relationships between these factors and processes and the relevant soil taxa from Soil Taxonomy.
A Triangular Form‐based Multiple Flow Algorithm to Estimate Overland Flow Distribution and Accumulation on a Digital Elevation Model
Authors: Pilesjö Petter , Hasan Abdulghani 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this study, we present a newly developed method for the estimation of surface flow paths on a digital elevation model (DEM). The objective is to use a form‐based algorithm, analyzing flow over single cells by dividing them into eight triangular facets and to estimate the surface flow paths on a raster DEM. For each cell on a gridded DEM, the triangular form‐based multiple flow algorithm (TFM) was used to distribute flow to one or more of the eight neighbor cells, which determined the flow paths over the DEM. Because each of the eight facets covering a cell has a constant slope and aspect, the estimations of – for example – flow direction and divergence/convergence are more intuitive and less complicated than many traditional raster‐based solutions. Experiments were undertaken by estimating the specific catchment area (SCA) over a number of mathematical surfaces, as well as on a real‐world DEM. Comparisons were made between the derived SCA by the TFM algorithm with eight other algorithms reported in the literature. The results show that the TFM algorithm produced the closest outcomes to the theoretical values of the SCA compared with other algorithms, derived more consistent outcomes, and was less influenced by surface shapes. The real‐world DEM test shows that the TFM was capable of modeling flow distribution without noticeable ‘artefacts’, and its ability to track flow paths makes it an appropriate platform for dynamic surface flow simulation.
Comparison of the diagnostic value of procalcitonin and C‐reactive protein after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lyu Y.‐X. , Yu X.‐C. , Zhu M.‐Y. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the performance of the procalcitonin (PCT) diagnostic test for identifying infectious complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsWe searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Cochrane database, and reference lists of relevant articles, with no language restrictions, through December 2011. We selected original articles that reported diagnostic performance of PCT alone or compared with other biomarkers for identifying serious infections in HSCT recipients. We quantitatively evaluated test accuracy parameters with the use of forest plots, hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curves, and bivariate random effect models.ResultsWe found 6 qualifying studies (studying 1344 episodes of suspected infection with confirmed infectious episodes) from 3 countries. These 6 studies examined both PCT and C‐reactive protein (CRP) test performance. Bivariate pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios, and negative likelihood ratios were 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–0.72), 0.72 (95% CI 0.65–0.79), 2.39 (95% CI 1.84– 3.09), and 0.47 (95% CI 0.39–0.57) for PCT, and 0.80 (95% CI 0.54–0.93), 0.73 (95% CI 0.56–0.86), 3.00 (95% CI 1.86–4.84), and 0.27 (95% CI 0.11–0.65) for CRP. In terms of area under the curve (AUC), CRP was superior to PCT in detecting infectious complications, with an AUC of 0.82 for CRP versus an AUC of 0.69 for PCT.ConclusionThe pooled accuracy estimates of 6 different studies indicated only a moderate rule‐out diagnostic value of both PCT and CRP in discriminating infection from other inflammatory complications following allogeneic HSCT.
Eczema herpeticum with herpetic folliculitis after bone marrow transplant under prophylactic acyclovir: are patients with underlying dermatologic disorders at higher risk?
Authors: Mir‐Bonafé J.M. , Román‐Curto C. , Santos‐Briz A. , Palacios‐Álvarez I. , Santos‐Durán J.C. , Fernández‐López E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe present an unreported coexistence: eczema herpeticum (EH) with histopathological findings of herpetic folliculitis (HF) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). A patient with atopic dermatitis (AD) underwent allogeneic BMT for idiopathic acquired aplastic anemia. She had been receiving cyclosporine (150 mg/12 h) and acyclovir (400 mg/12 h) for 6 months. A facial rash was observed, composed of monotonous erythematous, umbilicated papulo‐vesicles and papulo‐crusts <4 mm in size. The histopathological study showed herpetic cytopathic changes within the epidermis that extended into the hair follicle epithelium. Interestingly, microscopic HF has not previously been associated with post‐transplant patients or EH. However, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the coexistence of these herpes simplex virus‐related events may be underreported in the literature. Although further studies are necessary, we suggest that the prophylactic antiviral dose after BMT be enhanced in patients with underlying dermatologic diseases, especially in those with AD.