bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilevel driving waveform for electrophoretic displays to improve grey levels and response characteristics
Authors: Kim Jong‐Man , Kim Kwangjoon , Lee Seung‐Woo 
Published: November 2014

A driving waveform for electrophoretic displays with high image quality is proposed. The proposed driving waveform shows good performance compared to the conventional waveforms. By adding two voltage levels, the number of grey levels expanded from 8 to 165. In addition, the average response time improved from 90 to 61 ms.
The importance of political identification in translation publication
Authors: Yong-jun Dai , Jing-feng Piao 
Published: November 2014

Political identification has been generally ignored in Translation Studies, though the correlation of politics and translation has been an interest to many scholars since the late half of last century. An examination of the influence of political identification on translation of the Soviet laws in China in three periods (1917–1927, 1927–1949, and 1950s), offers a model of incorporating political identification in Translation Studies in general and in Pym's ethics of interculturality in particular.
During the period of National Democratic Revolution (1917–1927), Sun Yat-sen's determination of learning from the Soviet Union brings the chance to start over and makes a beginning of translating the Soviet laws in China; the period of Revolutionary Base Areas (1927–1949) sees a large number of the Soviet laws translated and introduced in China due to the influence of the Soviet Union to the CPC and the latter's aspiration to apply the spirit of the Soviet systems in their practice; the years after the founding of PRC in 1950s witnesses a large-scale translation of the Soviet laws in China because of the new China's foreign policy of "leaning to one side" advanced by Chairman Mao Tse-tung.
The analysis of the relationship between China's political identification with the old Soviet bloc and the number of published translations of the Soviet laws in China suggests a possible structural correlation: high political identification will generally result in an increase in the number of published translations in other cultures. This point of view is ignored by so many translation scholars, thus, a blind area, a lacuna, in Translation Studies. Hopefully this paper will serve as an initial step in focusing attention on this important issue, or, make more people interested in it. Of course, the link between these factors needs to be confirmed by studies of other countries.
Disordered interdomain region of Gins is important for functional tetramer formation to stimulate MCM helicase in Thermoplasma acidophilum
Authors: Ogino Hiromi , Ishino Sonoko , Oyama Takuji , Kohda Daisuke , Ishino Yoshizumi 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The eukaryotic MCM is activated by forming the CMG complex with Cdc45 and GINS to work as a replicative helicase. The eukaryotic GINS consists of four different proteins to form tetrameric complex. In contrast, the TaGins51 protein from the thermophilic archaeon, Thermoplasma acidophilum forms a homotetramer (TaGINS), and interacts with the cognate MCM (TaMCM) to stimulate the DNA-binding, ATPase, and helicase activities of TaMCM. All Gins proteins from Archaea and Eukarya contain α-helical A- and β-stranded B-domains. Here, we found that TaGins51 forms the tetramer without the B-domain. However, the A-domain without the linker region between the A- and B-domains could not form a stable tetramer, and furthermore, the A-domain by itself could not stimulate the TaMCM activity. These results suggest that the formation of the Gins51 tetramer is necessary for MCM activation, and the disordered linker region between the two domains is critical for the functional complex formation.
On representations of rational Cherednik algebras of complex rank
Authors: Entova Aizenbud Inna 
Published: November 2014

We study a family of abelian categoriesO_ c,ν\underline {\mathcal {O}}_{\text { } c,\nu }depending on complex parametersc,νc, \nuwhich are interpolations of the categoryO\mathcal {O}for the rational Cherednik algebraHc(ν)H_c(\nu )of typeAA, whereν\nuis a positive integer. We define the notion of a Verma object in such a category (a natural analogue of the notion of Verma module).

We give some necessary conditions and some sufficient conditions for the existence of a non-trivial morphism between two such Verma objects. We also compute the character of the irreducible quotient of a Verma object for sufficiently generic values of parametersc,νc, \nu, and prove that a Verma object of infinite length exists inO c,ν\mathcal {O}_{\text { } c,\nu }only ifc∈Q>0c \in \mathbb {Q}_{>0}. We also show that for everyc∈Q>0c \in \mathbb {Q}_{>0}there existsν∈Q>0\nu \in \mathbb {Q}_{>0}such that there exists a Verma object of infinite length inO c,ν\mathcal {O}_{\text { } c,\nu }.

The latter result is an example of a degeneration phenomenon which can occur in rational values ofν\nu, as was conjectured by P. Etingof.
Xplant: entrepreneurship challenges for student entrepreneurs
Authors: Roy Subhadip , Goenka Sakshi 
Published: November 2014

Subject area
The case is aimed at pointing out the basic nuances of entrepreneurship without a profit motive and the challenges faced in the course of achieving the same.

Study level/applicability
This case could be a part of the Entrepreneurship course in a Post-Graduate Program in Business Management. In case of an Executive Education Program, this case can be used to facilitate issues in Entrepreneurship Development and Non-Profit Marketing.

Case overview
The present case is a field-based illustrative study on Xplant, a unit set up by Xavier Research Foundation to promote production and selling of seasonal and ornamental plants with accessories to prospective buyers. The uniqueness about the organization was that it was solely governed and run by the students of Biotechnology Course at Xaviers College, Ahmedabad, India. However, in early 2012, it was found that the organization was facing a lot of issues such as competition, lesser demand and lack of motivation of the employees (students). All of which were taking the unit away from achieving sustainability.

Expected learning outcomes
Understanding the basics of a new venture and entrepreneurship; understanding the role of the team members in promoting the entrepreneurship venture; role of leadership in entrepreneurship; impact of independence of the entrepreneur and transference of business vision on long-term success of the venture; role of environment in success/failure or entrepreneurial ventures; and problems faced by entrepreneurship ventures.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email subhadip.roy@iimu.ac.in to request teaching notes.
Information technologies in contemporary school management system
Authors: Pavlović Miroslava Ivko Jordović , Ranðić Siniša , Paunović Lidija 
Published: November 2014

Subject area
Management, Information technologies.

Study level/applicability
Courses at the senior university level in social and organizational sciences.

Case overview
This case aims to observe modes, levels and specific problems in application of information technologies in informing, information sharing and collaboration as important aspects in ensuring quality in control of the processes that occur at school. Some deficiencies in application of information technology within these processes have been identified and alternatives to solving them have been offered. The discussion concerning the solutions was performed according to the parameters that were singled out as important in the analysis of the problems. A school that is recognized in Zlatibor region and elsewhere in Serbia for its advanced development tendencies was selected for the case study. The proposed solutions are practically applicable in any work collective.

Expected learning outcomes
Modern management strategy in education; the importance of process management in insuring quality of whole management system; the importance of implementation of modern information technologies in school management system.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
An m-learning framework for ERP systems in higher education
Authors: Scholtz Brenda , Kapeso Mando 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors of m-learning approaches which can be used for enterprise resource planning (ERP) system training and to propose a theoretical framework for m-learning of ERP systems.

Design/methodology/approach
– A literature review of several theories relating to success factors for mobile learning (m-learning) and electronic learning (e-learning) are analysed and a theoretical framework of success factors for m-learning of ERP systems is proposed. Two field studies are undertaken to identify the features of e-learning and m-learning systems which users enjoyed and which related to the factors identified in the theoretical framework. The technology acceptance model (TAM) was used to evaluate the acceptance, usefulness and perceived ease of use (PEOU) of the two systems evaluated in the field study, the openSAP e-learning application and the SAP Learn Now m-learning application.

Findings
– The results confirmed several of the theoretical elements identified in the framework and the m-learning system was rated positively for PEOU and perceived usefulness (PU). The findings confirmed other studies showing the importance of the quality of course content in e-learning and m-learning projects.

Research limitations/implications
– The empirical study was limited to a small number of participants in higher education. However, a deeper understanding of the factors influencing m-learning for ERP systems was obtained.

Practical implications
– The study provides a valuable practical contribution because the framework can be used in the improved design of an ERP m-learning approach, which in turn can lead to an improvement in ERP training and education programmes and ultimately ERP project success.

Originality/value
– Several studies propose the use of m-learning systems. However, research related to the factors impacting on m-learning projects for ERP system training is limited. The paper presents original work and the results provide a valuable contribution to several theories of m-learning.
Land‐use history alters contemporary insect herbivore community composition and decouples plant–herbivore relationships
Authors: Hahn Philip G. , Orrock John L. 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Past land use can create altered soil conditions and plant communities that persist for decades, although the effects of these altered conditions on consumers are rarely investigated.

Using a large‐scale field study at 36 sites in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) woodlands, we examined whether historic agricultural land use leads to differences in the abundance and community composition of insect herbivores (grasshoppers, families Acrididae and Tettigoniidae).

We measured the cover of six plant functional groups and several environmental variables to determine whether historic agricultural land use affects the relationships between plant cover or environmental conditions and grasshopper assemblages.

Land‐use history had taxa‐specific effects and interacted with herbaceous plant cover to alter grasshopper abundances, leading to significant changes in community composition. Abundance of most grasshopper taxa increased with herbaceous cover in woodlands with no history of agriculture, but there was no relationship in post‐agricultural woodlands. We also found that grasshopper abundance was negatively correlated with leaf litter cover. Soil hardness was greater in post‐agricultural sites (i.e. more compacted) and was associated with grasshopper community composition. Both herbaceous cover and leaf litter cover are influenced by fire frequency, suggesting a potential indirect role of fire on grasshopper assemblages.

Our results demonstrate that historic land use may create persistent differences in the composition of grasshopper assemblages, while contemporary disturbances (e.g. prescribed fire) may be important for determining the abundance of grasshoppers, largely through the effect of fire on plants and leaf litter. Therefore, our results suggest that changes in the contemporary management regimes (e.g. increasing prescribed fire) may not be sufficient to shift the structure of grasshopper communities in post‐agricultural sites towards communities in non‐agricultural habitats. Rather, repairing degraded soil conditions and restoring plant communities are likely necessary for restoring grasshopper assemblages in post‐agricultural woodlands.
Ecological and economic benefits to cattle rangelands of restoring an apex predator
Authors: Prowse Thomas A. A. , Johnson Christopher N. , Cassey Phillip , Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Brook Barry W. 
Published: November 2014

Summary

The conservation of terrestrial carnivores is hampered by economic conflicts between predation and livestock production. The dingo Canis dingo is the top predator in Australia's terrestrial ecosystems but its abundance is controlled because it preys on livestock. Dingo control (poisoning, shooting) is associated with increased densities of wild herbivores, which can lead to reduced cattle condition and fertility through competition for pasture. We investigated whether the restoration of dingoes might provide a net benefit for rangeland vegetation and the profit margins of cattle pastoralists.

We developed a dynamic, multi‐species metamodel to represent the trophic linkages and economics of a rangeland cattle enterprise. To estimate the strength of dingo‐mediated trophic cascades, we underpinned the metamodel with a detailed simulation of pasture growth, grazing pressure and cattle live‐weight gain. An economic model that calculated the costs and revenues associated with maintaining the cattle herd was used to examine trade‐offs between livestock density, kangaroo abundance, calf losses and dingo control.

We simulated the effects of dingo abundance on rangeland ecology (pasture biomass, kangaroo density) and enterprise performance (cattle live‐weight gain, gross margin). Assuming a typical stocking density for semi‐arid rangelands, we estimated that kangaroo control by an unbaited dingo population would increase pasture biomass by 53 kg ha−1, improve gross margins by $0·83 ha−1 and reduce inter‐annual variability in profits.

The increase in pasture biomass due to dingoes was greatest at low stocking densities (that permitted high kangaroo abundance in the absence of predation), while improvement in profits was strongest at intermediate stocking densities (when cattle density was high enough to take advantage of the additional pasture biomass). At high stocking densities, the abundance of kangaroos was low, so if dingo abundance exceeded that required to control kangaroos, some dingo baiting could produce small economic gains.

Synthesis and applications. There is little incentive for pastoralists to reduce livestock densities in mixed wildlife–livestock systems unless wildlife grazing can be controlled. Our results demonstrate that top‐down herbivore control by dingoes should allow cattle pastoralists to profit from conservative stocking densities while reducing the risk of pasture over‐utilization.
Distribution of Enantiomers of Methadone and Its Main Metabolite EDDP in Human Tissues and Blood of Postmortem Cases
Authors: Holm Karen Marie Dollerup , Linnet Kristian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractKnowledge concerning the distribution of methadone in postmortem human tissue and the effect of postmortem redistribution on methadone is today limited making the choice of a suitable substitute for femoral blood difficult when this is not available. Cardiac blood, femoral blood, muscle, and brain tissue concentrations of the enantiomers of methadone and its metabolite 2‐ethyl‐1,5‐dimethyl‐3,3‐diphenylpyrrolinium were recorded for 155 postmortem cases. Brain and muscle tissue concentrations exceeded the femoral blood concentrations with a median fold of 2.3 and 1.6, respectively, but both had a better correlation than cardiac blood to femoral blood concentrations. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant dependency on time and body mass index for some of the matrix ratios over femoral blood. We conclude brain or muscle tissue may constitute a better alternative for measurement of methadone than cardiac blood for situations in which femoral blood is not available, despite concentrations in both matrices being systematically higher.
Choline Partially Prevents the Impact of Ethanol on the Lipid Raft Dependent Functions of L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule
Authors: Tang Ningfeng , Bamford Penny , Jones Jace , He Min , Kane Maureen A. , Mooney Sandra M. , Bearer Cynthia F. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundFetal alcohol spectrum disorder, the leading known cause of mental retardation, is caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy. One mechanism of ethanol (EtOH) teratogenicity is the disruption of the functions of L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1). These functions include enhancement of neurite outgrowth, trafficking through lipid rafts, and signal transduction. Recent data have shown that choline supplementation of rat pups reduces the effects of EtOH on neurobehavior. We sought to determine whether choline could prevent the effect of EtOH on L1 function using a simple experimental system.MethodsCerebellar granule neurons (CGN) from postnatal day 6 rat pups were cultured with and without supplemental choline, and the effects on L1 signaling, lipid raft distribution, and neurite outgrowth were measured in the presence or absence of EtOH.ResultsCholine significantly reduced the effect of EtOH on L1 signaling, the distribution of L1 in lipid rafts and L1‐mediated neurite outgrowth. However, choline supplemented EtOH‐exposed cultures remained significantly different than controls.ConclusionsCholine pretreatment of CGN significantly reduces the disruption of L1 function by EtOH, but does not completely return L1 function to baseline. This experimental system will enable discovery of the mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of choline.
Effect of Lipid Raft Disruption on Ethanol Inhibition of L1 Adhesion
Authors: Dou Xiaowei , Charness Michael E. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundAlcohol causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in part by disrupting the function of the neural cell adhesion molecule L1. Alcohol inhibits L1‐mediated cell–cell adhesion in diverse cell types and inhibits L1‐mediated neurite outgrowth in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). A recent report indicates that ethanol (EtOH) induces the translocation of L1 into CGN lipid rafts and that disruption of lipid rafts prevents EtOH inhibition of L1‐mediated neurite outgrowth. The same butanol–pentanol cutoff was noted for alcohol‐induced translocation of L1 into lipid rafts that was reported previously for alcohol inhibition of L1 adhesion, suggesting that EtOH might inhibit L1 adhesion by shifting L1 into lipid rafts.MethodsThe NIH/3T3 cell line, 2A2‐L1s, is a well‐characterized EtOH‐sensitive clonal cell line that stably expresses human L1. Cells were treated with 25 mM EtOH, 5 μM filipin, or both. Lipid rafts were enriched in membrane fractions by preparation of detergent‐resistant membrane (DRMs) fractions. Caveolin‐1 was used as a marker of lipid rafts, and L1 and Src were quantified by Western blotting in lipid‐raft‐enriched membrane fractions and by immunohistochemistry.ResultsEtOH (25 mM) increased the percentage of L1, but not Src, in 2A2‐L1s membrane fractions enriched in lipid rafts. Filipin, an agent known to disrupt lipid rafts, decreased the percentage of caveolin and L1 in DRMs from 2A2‐L1s cells. Filipin also blocked EtOH‐induced translocation of L1 into lipid rafts from 2A2‐L1s cells but did not significantly affect L1 adhesion or EtOH inhibition of L1 adhesion.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that EtOH does not inhibit L1 adhesion in NIH/3T3 cells by inducing the translocation of L1 into lipid rafts.
Estimating the Efficacy of Alcoholics Anonymous without Self‐Selection Bias: An Instrumental Variables Re‐Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Humphreys Keith , Blodgett Janet C. , Wagner Todd H. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundObservational studies of Alcoholics Anonymous' (AA) effectiveness are vulnerable to self‐selection bias because individuals choose whether or not to attend AA. The present study, therefore, employed an innovative statistical technique to derive a selection bias‐free estimate of AA's impact.MethodsSix data sets from 5 National Institutes of Health–funded randomized trials (1 with 2 independent parallel arms) of AA facilitation interventions were analyzed using instrumental variables models. Alcohol‐dependent individuals in one of the data sets (n = 774) were analyzed separately from the rest of sample (n = 1,582 individuals pooled from 5 data sets) because of heterogeneity in sample parameters. Randomization itself was used as the instrumental variable.ResultsRandomization was a good instrument in both samples, effectively predicting increased AA attendance that could not be attributed to self‐selection. In 5 of the 6 data sets, which were pooled for analysis, increased AA attendance that was attributable to randomization (i.e., free of self‐selection bias) was effective at increasing days of abstinence at 3‐month (B = 0.38, p = 0.001) and 15‐month (B = 0.42, p = 0.04) follow‐up. However, in the remaining data set, in which preexisting AA attendance was much higher, further increases in AA involvement caused by the randomly assigned facilitation intervention did not affect drinking outcome.ConclusionsFor most individuals seeking help for alcohol problems, increasing AA attendance leads to short‐ and long‐term decreases in alcohol consumption that cannot be attributed to self‐selection. However, for populations with high preexisting AA involvement, further increases in AA attendance may have little impact.