bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review and Therapeutic Approach to Malalignment of the Great Toenails: A Common Condition That Is Uncommonly Diagnosed
Authors: Baltz Julia O. , Porter Hannah J. , Richert Bertrand , Jellinek Nathaniel J. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
Malalignment of the great toenails is a common nail disorder that is uncommonly recognized in general practice.

OBJECTIVE
Review available literature on lateral malalignment of the great toenails to increase awareness of this underdiagnosed condition and provide management recommendations.

METHODS
A PubMed search was conducted using the terms “congenital malalignment toenail” and “malalignment great toenail”. All articles were reviewed, and all relevant articles were included in this analysis.

RESULTS
Thirty-four distinct articles encompassing 117 patients with similar clinical findings: lateral deviation of the great toenails with yellow brown dyschromia, thickening, and scalloping.

Limitations
Description of malalignment and terminology can vary, which may have led to exclusion of some relevant articles.

CONCLUSION
Lateral malalignment is a common nail condition that is underappreciated and often misdiagnosed in general dermatologic and medical practice. This review aims to increase awareness to facilitate better care of these patients.
Severe menopausal symptoms linked to cognitive impairment: an exploratory study
Authors: Calle Andrés , Blümel Juan E. , Chedraui Peter , Vallejo María S. , Belardo Alejandra , Dextre Maribel , Elizalde-Cremonte Alejandra , Escalante Carlos , Espinoza María T. , Gómez-Tabares Gustavo , Monterrosa-Castro Álvaro , Ñañez Mónica , Ojeda Eliana , Rey Claudia , Rodríguez Doris , Rodrigues Marcio A. , Salinas Carlos , Tserotas Konstantinos , Aedo Sócrates 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the association between menopausal symptoms and cognitive decline in postmenopausal women.

Methods
This was a subanalysis of a cross-sectional, observational study conducted among women attending gynecological consultations across nine Latin American countries. The survey involved late postmenopausal women who were asked to complete a general questionnaire and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) to assess menopausal symptoms, with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment used to evaluate cognitive function as an outcome. A Montreal Cognitive Assessment score of less than 21 was used to define women with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Results
The study included 1,287 postmenopausal women with a mean age of 55.5 years and a mean body mass index of 26.3 kg/m2. On average, participants had 13.8 years of education and 2.3 ± 1.8 children, with 72.8% reporting having a partner. Additionally, 36.7% ever used menopausal hormone therapy. Regarding lifestyle factors, 50.3% engaged in a sedentary lifestyle, whereas 70.5% had never smoked. 15.3% of women had MCI exhibited significantly more intense menopausal symptoms compared with those without MCI (MRS total score 15.24 ± 12.58 vs 10.53 ± 8.84, respectively, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between severe menopausal symptoms (MRS total score ≥14 points) and MCI (odds ratio [OR], 1.74; 95% CI, 1.25-2.42). Conversely, a lower body mass index (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95-0.98), sexual activity (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51-0.96), physical exercise (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.39-0.76), menopausal hormone therapy use (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.24-0.55), and higher educational level (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.21-0.46) were associated with lower odds for MCI.

Conclusion
Severe menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women were associated with cognitive impairment. This study highlights the intricate interplay between hormonal, lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors and cognitive health.
Clearing the Smoke: The Evidence behind Risk of Electrocautery Smoke and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Tyle Madison Rose , Olafson Amra , Hiro Matthew E. , Payne Wyatt G. 
Published: August 2024

Background:Electrocautery has been a useful, fundamental instrument utilized for surgical procedures since its implementation in the 1920s. However, concerns exist regarding the health hazards of the by-product smoke associated with the use of electrocautery.Methods:A comprehensive review of articles on the composition, mitigation, and effects of smoke was conducted using the PubMed search engine and excluding articles that did not meet the predetermined inclusion criteria. From January 1963 to December 2021, a total of 264 articles resulted, and a total of 69 articles were included in this narrative review.Results:Surgical smoke contains volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic compounds, viral particles, and ultrafine particles. There has been some evidence of mutagenicity to bacterial cells during animal in vivo studies, and one human survey study has shown similar mutagenic effects. We also discuss additional hemostatic techniques that can be used, including the use of hemostatic and antithrombolytic agents, epinephrine infiltration, and the use of tourniquet when appropriate.Conclusions:Further studies should be conducted regarding human effects, but until the data are available, we recommend precautionary measures and actions to protect operating room staff from cautery smoke exposure.
Ocular Adverse Effects of Over-the-Counter Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Reported to the Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Zhu Aretha , Aftab Owais M. , Mahajan Jasmine , Burkat Cat N. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
Personal care and cosmetic products can cause periocular and ocular adverse effects (AEs), for example, ocular surface disease, trauma, and hypersensitivity. The publicly available Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Adverse Event Reporting System (CAERS) database includes AE reports by consumers, healthcare practitioners, and manufacturers. The purpose of this study was to characterize ophthalmic AE associated with cosmetics and personal care products reported by the FDA CAERS database.

Methods:
AE related to the eye or ocular adnexa from cosmetics submitted by consumers, healthcare practitioners, and manufacturers from January 2004 to June 2022 were identified after filtering using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities coding system. Demographic information, case outcome, and categories of product and AE were included. Chi-square analysis, with statistical significance at a = 0.05, was performed to ascertain variation in ocular, periocular, and general outcomes by product category.

Results:
Reports of ophthalmic AEs related to cosmetics per year increased from 2006 to 2018, reaching a maximum of 161 reports in 2018, then decreased from 2018 to 2021. In total, 959 and 1382 unique periocular and ocular AEs were reported. There were 1711 total incidences of reported periocular AEs and 2485 ocular AEs. The most reported periocular AEs were inflammation (770/1711) and hypersensitivity (331/1711). The most reported ocular effects were discomfort (946/2485) and inflammation (709/2485). Ocular, periocular, and general outcomes significantly varied by product category.

Conclusions:
Consumers, healthcare practitioners, and manufacturers should be made aware of potential ophthalmic AE and outcomes associated with cosmetics and personal care products.
Select Dietary Components Are Associated With Better Global Cognition in U.S. Adults With HIV: A Pilot Study
Authors: Fazeli Pariya L. , Davey Christine Horvat , Webel Allison R. , Oliveira Vitor , Buford Thomas W. , Vance David E. , Burkholder Greer , Crane Heidi M. , Fleming Julia , Willig Amanda L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
People with HIV (PWH) are at an increased risk for cognitive impairment. Lifestyle factors can have protective effects on cognition; little work has examined diet and cognitive function in PWH. In this cross-sectional pilot study, 86 PWH (mean age 56 years) completed diet recalls and a neurocognitive assessment. Correlations were conducted between diet and cognitive function, adjusting for total calories, sex, and education (multiple comparison correction p values are reported). Diet quality of the sample was poor. Greater calories per day (r = 0.28, p =.08) and greater percentage of calories from saturated fatty acids (SFAs; r = 0.26, p = 0.08) were associated with better cognition. Higher intake of SFAs (rs 0.30–0.31, ps = 0.07), amino acids (rs = 0.27, ps = 0.08), and phosphorus (r = 0.29, p = .07) and magnesium (r = 0.25, p = .08) were associated with better cognition. A diet reflecting higher protein and fat relative to carbohydrates was associated with better cognition. Targeting individual nutrients, improving diet quality, and adequate caloric intake may preserve cognition in PWH.
Emotional Loneliness Is Related to Objective Cognitive Function in Older People With HIV in the Washington-Baltimore Area: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yoo-Jeong Moka , Dastgheyb Raha M. , Shorer Eran F. , Demsky Cornelia , Fox Olivia , Inaganti Divya , Kanner Sarah , Neijna Ava G. , Buchholz Alison , Wilson Tracey E. , Rubin Leah H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Loneliness confers a significant risk to numerous health outcomes, including cognitive impairment. This study assessed the relationship between loneliness subtypes (social and emotional) and cognition in older people with HIV (OPWH ≥ 50 years). Forty-two participants (STET = 61.5 years; 48% male; 74% Black) completed the six-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and measures assessing objective and subjective cognition and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]). Loneliness–cognition associations were examined using linear regression. Models were first adjusted for age, sex, race, and education, and then PHQ-9 score. Mean emotional and social loneliness scores were 1.24 (SD = 1.22) and 1.21 (SD = 1.14), respectively. After sociodemographic and PHQ-9 adjustment, emotional, but not social, loneliness was associated with poorer objective cognitive performance on processing speed (Digit Symbol) and executive function (CalCAP™). Findings have potential clinical importance for interventions that target specific loneliness subtypes to optimize cognitive performance in OPWH.
Validation and Refinement of the Self-Regulatory HIV/AIDS Symptom Management Model Among People With HIV in China Using Path Analysis: A Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Xie Meilian , Wang Aiping , Zhang Zhiyun , Wang Kerong , Yu Yanping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study explored the path affecting the quality of life (QOL) of people with HIV in China and clarified the applicability and interpretability of the Self-Regulatory HIV/AIDS Symptom Management Model. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in nine regions of China and collected information about demographics, symptom experience, social support, perceived symptom manageability, self-efficacy, and QOL. A total of 711 patients participated in this survey. After four rounds of path analysis were conducted, the most fit indices met the standards (χ2/df = 2.633, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.081, Goodness-of-Fit Index/Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index/Comparative Fit Index/Incremental Fit Index/Tucker–Lewis Coefficient > 0.9), and the relationships between variables were statistically significant (p < .05). Among all the pathways, social support had the most significant impact on the QOL, with a total path coefficient of 0.665. Symptom experience, as a negative factor, had a total effect value of −0.361. This study showed how all the factors influencing QOL were interconnected, serving as a crucial theoretical foundation for intervention strategies in future clinical practice.
Advancing Nurse Practitioner proficiency and confidence: An evaluation of postgraduate training in rural and medically underserved communities
Authors: Ketel Christian , McClure Natasha , Elkins Tonya , Kapu April , Jones Pam 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Nurse practitioners (NPs) are critical in delivering primary health care, especially in underserved and rural areas. Transitioning from academic training to practical application poses challenges, highlighting the need for structured post-licensure training (PLT).

Purpose:
To address the knowledge gap regarding the impact of PLT programs on the clinical development, confidence, and care delivery of NPs using an innovative evaluative approach.

Methodology:
Using a mixed-methods approach, this study engaged 19 NP fellows in quantitative and qualitative evaluations. Assessments of clinical skills and feedback were collected using the REDCap platform, focusing on mentorship and the practical application of skills.

Results:
Quantitative analysis showed improvements in several domains: patient-centered care (median score increase from 8 to 10, p = .005), knowledge of evidence-based practice (median score from 8 to 9, p = .028), and health systems (median score from 8 to 9, p = .014). Qualitative feedback underscored the benefits of the program's structured support and practical learning experiences while revealing the need for improvements in mentor preparedness.

Conclusions:
The PLT program effectively advanced NP proficiency across various domains, particularly in patient-centered care and evidence-based practice. However, it also highlighted a crucial need for focused mentorship in developing leadership skills. The study's limited scope, dependence on self-reported measures, and specific statistical methods constrain the broader applicability of its findings. Future research should aim to validate these results across diverse settings and explore long-term outcomes.

Implications:
This study provides new perspectives on NP workforce development, emphasizing the importance of structured mentorship and training, especially in medically underserved communities.
Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Adil Mariam , Saleem Muhammad Meeran , Vijay Sneha , Ehsan Muhammad , Atiq Isha , Anwar Eman , Oduoye Malik Olatunde 
Published: August 2024

Context:
COVID-19 has substantial effects on respiratory health and overall well-being. Recent studies suggest vitamin D as a potential treatment, but the results are inconclusive.

Objective:
The authors conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the link between vitamin D and patients with COVID-19.

Data sources:
The authors searched electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, EMBASE and Google Scholar from their inception till August 2023.

Study selection:
Inclusion criteria used in our systematic review include: (1) patients who tested positive for COVID-19, (2) intervention was vitamin D supplementation, (3) the comparator was either a placebo, standard care of treatment, or, no treatment, (4) at least one of the clinical outcomes of interest were investigated, (5) study design being RCTs.

Data extraction:
Two independent reviewers manually extracted information from selected articles, including study characteristics, patient characteristics, and the primary outcomes: all-cause mortality, ICU and hospital stay length and secondary outcomes: mechanical ventilation, supplemental oxygen, ICU admission, and adverse events. Risk ratios or mean differences and 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model.

Data synthesis:
The authors’ analysis included 14 RCTs with 2165 patients. Vitamin D significantly reduced ICU admissions and lowered the need for mechanical ventilation compared to placebo. However, it did not significantly affect hospital stay length, ICU stay length, mechanical ventilation duration, mortality, or the need for supplemental oxygen.

Conclusion:
Vitamin D does not significantly improve certain clinical outcomes, such as hospital and ICU stay length, for patients with COVID-19. However, it still may be significantly beneficial in decreasing the burden on intensive care services.
Pityriasis rubra pilaris with eosinophilia in a young patient: a case report
Authors: Shrestha Amrita , Baral Abal , KC Kusha 
Published: August 2024

Introduction and importance:
Pityriasis rubra pilaris is a rare inflammatory papulosquamous disorder which manifests in six clinical subtypes affecting both pediatric and adult populations.

Presentation of case:
A 14-year-old female presented with multiple itchy scaly lesions on her hands and legs which began as vesicles 9 days after birth. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of pityriasis rubra pilaris. Further investigations revealed significant peripheral and tissue eosinophilia. The patient was treated with oral isotretinoin, which resulted in the resolution of the lesions.

Case discussion:
It is a rare inflammatory papulosquamous disorder characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma and follicular papules coalescing into distinct plaques characterized by a reddish-orange hue and nonadherent flaking scales. The patients with tissue and/or peripheral eosinophilia are usually older at presentation and more likely to have multisite disease. Our patient, in contrast, is a young female which makes this case noteworthy.

Conclusion:
This unusual finding of eosinophilia in a young patient underscores the necessity for further research and evaluation to enhance understanding of the pathophysiology of pityriasis rubra pilaris.
Decompressive craniectomy in trauma: What you need to know
Authors: Solomou Georgios , Sunny Jesvin , Mohan Midhun , Hossain Iftakher , Kolias Angelos G. , Hutchinson Peter J. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a surgical procedure in which a large section of the skull is removed, and the underlying dura mater is opened widely. After evacuating a traumatic acute subdural hematoma, a primary DC is typically performed if the brain is bulging or if brain swelling is expected over the next several days. However, a recent randomized trial found similar 12-month outcomes when primary DC was compared with craniotomy for acute subdural hematoma. Secondary removal of the bone flap was performed in 9% of the craniotomy group, but more wound complications occurred in the craniectomy group. Two further multicenter trials found that, whereas early neuroprotective bifrontal DC for mild to moderate intracranial hypertension is not superior to medical management, DC as a last-tier therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension leads to reduced mortality. Patients undergoing secondary last-tier DC are more likely to improve over time than those in the standard medical management group. The overall conclusion from the most up-to-date evidence is that secondary DC has a role in the management of intracranial hypertension following traumatic brain injury but is not a panacea. Therefore, the decision to offer this operation should be made on a case-by-case basis. Following DC, cranioplasty is warranted but not always feasible, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Consequently, a decompressive craniotomy, where the bone flap is allowed to “hinge” or “float,” is sometimes used. Decompressive craniotomy is also an option in a subgroup of traumatic brain injury patients undergoing primary surgical evacuation when the brain is neither bulging nor relaxed. However, a high-quality randomized controlled trial is needed to delineate the specific indications and the type of decompressive craniotomy in appropriate patients.
Hypertriglyceridemia as a Key Contributor to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Development and Rupture: Insights from Genetic and Experimental Models
Authors: Liu Yaozhong , Wang Huilun , Yu Minzhi , Cai Lei , Zhao Ying , Cheng Yalun , Deng Yongjie , Zhao Yang , Lu Haocheng , Wu Xiaokang , Zhao Guizhen , Xue Chao , Liu Hongyu , Surakka Ida , Schwendeman Anna , Lu Hong S. , Daugherty Alan , Chang Lin , Zhang Jifeng , Temel Ryan E. , Chen Y. Eugene , Guo Yanhong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening vascular disease without effective medications. This study integrated genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic data to identify causation between increased triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins and AAA risk. Three hypertriglyceridemia mouse models were employed to test the hypothesis that increased plasma TG concentrations accelerate AAA development and rupture. In the angiotensin II-infusion AAA model, mostLpl-deficient mice with severely high plasma TG concentrations died of aortic rupture. Consistently,Apoa5-deficient mice with moderately increased TG concentrations had accelerated AAA development, while humanAPOC3transgenic mice with dramatically increased TG concentrations exhibited aortic dissection and rupture. Increased TG concentrations and palmitate inhibited lysyl oxidase maturation. Administration of antisense oligonucleotide targetingAngptl3profoundly inhibited AAA progression in humanAPOC3transgenic mice andApoe-deficient mice. These results indicate that hypertriglyceridemia is a key contributor to AAA pathogenesis, highlighting the importance of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein management in treating AAA.
A systematic review ofSchistosoma intercalatum: an obscure causative agent of human schistosomiasis
Authors: Ajakaye Oluwaremilekun Grace , Mukendi Jean Pierre Kambala , Kakiese Eddy Laken , Ngoyi Dieudonne Mumba , Mutsaka-Makuvaza Masceline Jenipher 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundHuman schistosomiasis caused bySchistosoma intercalatumis poorly understood compared to other species of public health importance, such asS. haematobium, S. mansoni, andS. japonicum. The restricted distribution ofS. intercalatumin Africa, its perceived low virulence, and poor understanding of its pathological consequences are possible reasons for this neglect. However, schistosomiasis as a public health problem cannot be eradicated without adequate knowledge of existing species of schistosomes and the biological interactions between them, their hosts, and the environment. Current information onS. intercalatumis often confused with the previousS. intercalatum(Lower Guinea strain) which has now been described asS. guineensisn. sp. TheS. intercalatum(Zaire strain) with known foci only in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is now recognized as the ‘true’S. intercalatumspecies. Investigators not conversant with the present status of both species still get confused in understanding the literature hence this review. It is essential to discuss available knowledge onS. intercalatumand highlight gaps that are critical for deepening our understanding of the parasite in the DRC.MethodsThus, we systematically review existing available literature onS. intercalatumobtained from PubMed Central, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant publications were screened and publications reportingS. intercalatumfrom other than the DRC were excluded. Eligible studies on the epidemiology and biology ofS. intercalatumwere reviewed.ResultsBased on 38 publications that met our inclusion criteria, we confirm thatS. intercalatumis the most neglected amongSchistosomaspecies responsible for human schistosomiasis. We discuss our synthesis of the available information in the context of the distribution, biology, pathology, and genetics ofS. intercalatum. Also highlighted are outstanding questions onS. intercalatumpopulation genomics, hybridization with otherSchistosomaspecies, snail vector host, zoonotic epidemiology, and pathology.ConclusionThe review calls for a rekindling of research interest in the parasite and the need to answer fundamental questions that can deepen our understanding of the parasite epidemiology, disease ecology, and environmental interactions to help in control strategies and elimination.