bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma amino acid profiles in healthy East Asian subpopulations living in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Hidehiro , Nishikata Natsumi , Kawai Nobuhiro , Imaizumi Akira , Miyano Hiroshi , Mori Maiko , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Noguchi Yasushi 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesProfiles of plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) have been utilized as biomarkers to detect various diseases. However, few studies have investigated whether ethnicity or specific subpopulations within East Asia influence PFAA concentrations.MethodsA total of 95 healthy volunteers living in Japan, including 31 Japanese individuals, 36 Korean individuals and 28 Chinese individuals, were enrolled. Participants’ PFAA levels were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and the effects of factors such as sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and subpopulation on PFAA profiles were analyzed.ResultsWith the exception of glutamine and α‐aminobutyric acid, there were no significant differences among the three examined subpopulations with respect to either the means or the distributions of PFAA concentrations. A multiple regression analysis revealed that most of the PFAA concentrations were significantly related to sex. Ornithine concentrations, glutamate concentrations, and glutamine and α‐aminobutyric acid concentrations were significantly associated with age, BMI, and Chinese subpopulation, respectively.ConclusionThe study results indicate that the contributions of subpopulation within East Asia to PFAA profiles are small, particularly relative to the contributions provided by sex. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:236–239, 2016. © 2015 The Authors American Journal of Human Biology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reconfigurable Photonic Capsules Containing Cholesteric Liquid Crystals with Planar Alignment
Authors: Lee Sang Seok , Kim Su Kyung , Won Jong Chan , Kim Yun Ho , Kim Shin‐Hyun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) reflect selected wavelengths of light owing to their periodic helical structures. The encapsulation of CLCs leads to photonic devices that can be easily processed and might be used as stand‐alone microsensors. However, when CLCs are enclosed by polymeric membranes, they usually lose their planar alignment, leading to a deterioration of the optical performance. A microfluidics approach was employed to integrate an ultrathin alignment layer into microcapsules to separate the CLC core and the elastomeric solid membrane using triple‐emulsion drops as the templates. The thinness of the alignment layer provides high lubrication resistance, preserving the layer integrity during elastic deformation of the membrane. The CLCs in the microcapsules can thus maintain their planar alignment, rendering the shape and optical properties highly reconfigurable.
Melamine formaldehyde/polyvinyl alcohol composite fiber: Structures and properties controlled by reaction‐induced phase separation
Authors: Xu Weixing , Yu Cihang , Zhao Xiangsen , Xu Jianjun , Jiang Mengjin 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTMelamine−formaldehyde resin (MF)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite fibers with different phase structures and properties were prepared through reaction induced phase separation by wet spinning. Raman spectroscopy, rotary viscometer, and miscibility index were used to characterize the MF resins with different reaction degrees (RD). The phase structures of composite spinning dopes and composite fibers were observed by optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanical properties, flame retardant properties, and thermal stability of the composite fibers were also tested. Results show that the composite fibers made from MF resins with different RD have different phase structures and properties; when the miscibility index (MI) of MF resin is 1.60, the obtained MF/PVA composite fiber shows a sea‐island phase structure, which endues the fiber with the best comprehensive properties: the breaking strength, breaking elongation, rupture work and limiting oxygen index (LOI) are 4.29 cN/dtex, 13.55%, 8.46 × 10−5 J/dtex and 43.1%, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42918.
Enhanced oil resistance and mechanical properties of nitrile butadiene rubber/lignin composites modified by epoxy resin
Authors: Yu Peng , He Hui , Jiang Can , Jia Yunchao , Wang Dongqing , Yao Xiaojie , Jia Demin , Luo Yuanfang 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis is probably the first report on developing nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites with enhanced performancesvia lignin bridged epoxy resin in the rubber matrix. NBR/lignin masterbatch has been prepared through latex‐compounding method, and then epoxy resin (F51) was added in the NBR/lignin compounds by the melt compounding method. Lignin‐epoxy resin networks were synthesizedin situduring the curing process of rubber compounds through epoxide−hydroxyl reactions. Compared with lignin filler, lignin‐F51 networks showed an improved oil resistance ability and led to increased mechanical properties, crosslinking density, and thermal stability of the rubber composites. This method provides a new insight into the fabrication of novel interpenetrating polymer networks in rubber composites and enlarges the potential applications of lignin in high performance rubber composites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 42922.
Time trends in prevalence of gastroschisis in Texas, 1999 to 2011: Subgroup analyses by maternal and infant characteristics
Authors: Vo Loc‐Uyen T. , Langlois Peter H. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe prevalence of gastroschisis, a birth defect of the abdominal wall, has been increasing in several areas around the world. Suggested risk factors for gastroschisis include maternal age, race/ethnicity, nativity, body mass index, and socioeconomic status.MethodsData for cases of gastroschisis and live births were taken from the Texas Birth Defects Registry and Texas vital records for deliveries between 1999 and 2011. Prevalence by subgroups over time was calculated for: infant sex, maternal age, race/ethnicity, nativity, education, parity, plurality, body mass index, and payer type. Stratified, adjusted, and interaction analyses of the trends were conducted using Poisson regression. A joinpoint trend analysis was also conducted for each subgroup.ResultsA total of 2,549 gastroschisis cases and 4,970,979 live births were delivered in 1999 to 2011, for an overall prevalence of 5.13 cases per 10,000 live births (95% confidence interval = 4.93–5.33). On average, the prevalence increased 4.8% each year; this overall time trend was statistically significant (p‐value < 0.0001). The time trend remained significant after adjusting for all variables, except payer type. The stratified analysis showed the increasing time trend was significant in many of the subgroups. However, there were no significant differences in the magnitude of the time trends between subgroups according to the interaction analysis.ConclusionThis study confirms the increasing prevalence of gastroschisis over the time period 1999 to 2011 in Texas. The results suggest that no population subgroups are experiencing a significantly different increase in gastroschisis prevalence over time than others. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:928–940, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MTHFD1 formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase deficiency, a model for the MTHFD1 R653Q variant, leads to congenital heart defects in mice
Authors: Christensen Karen E. , Deng Liyuan , Bahous Renata H. , Jerome‐Majewska Loydie A. , Rozen Rima 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundA single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the synthetase domain of the trifunctional folate‐dependent enzyme MTHFD1 (c.1958G>A, R653Q) has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, neural tube defects, and possibly congenital heart defects. Maternal folate deficiency may also modify the risk associated with these disorders. We recently established a mouse model with a mild deficiency of 10‐formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity in MTHFD1 (Mthfd1S+/− mice) to investigate disorders associated with SNPs in this gene. The effect of synthetase deficiency on embryonic heart development has not yet been examined.MethodsFemale Mthfd1S+/+ and +/‐ mice were placed on control and folate‐deficient diets for 6 weeks before mating to Mthfd1S+/‐ males. Embryos and placentae were collected at embryonic day 14.5. Embryos were evaluated for congenital heart defects by histological examination.ResultsEmbryonic Mthfd1S+/‐ genotype was associated with an increased incidence of heart defects, primarily ventricular septal defects. Other markers of embryonic development (crown‐rump length, embryonic weight, embryonic delay, placental weight, and thickness of the ventricular myocardium) were not affected by embryonic genotype. Maternal genotype and diet did not have a significant effect on these outcomes.ConclusionDeficiency of the MTHFD1 10‐formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity in embryos is associated with increased incidence of congenital heart defects. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:1031–1038, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antitumor activity of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed extract in human and murine tumor models in vitro and in a colon‐26 tumor‐bearing mouse model in vivo
Authors: Narayanan Narayanan K. , Kunimasa Kazuhiro , Yamori Yukio , Mori Mari , Mori Hideki , Nakamura Kazuki , Miller George , Manne Upender , Tiwari Amit K. , Narayanan Bhagavathi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMelinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed extract (MSE) and its active ingredient gnetin C (GC), a resveratrol dimer, have been shown to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of MSE and GC using human and murine tumor cell culture models in vitro. The antitumor activity of GC was compared with trans‐resveratrol (tRV), a stilbenoid polyphenol. Our results show that MSE and GC at clinically achievable concentrations significantly inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic, prostate, breast, and colon cancer cell types (P < 0.05), without affecting normal cells. Interestingly, GC exerts enhanced antitumor activity than that of tRV (P < 0.05). MSE and GC significantly induced apoptosis in all the cancer cells, indicating MSE and GC inhibit tumor cell growth by inducing apoptosis (P < 0.001). Our findings provide evidence that MSE might induce apoptosis in cancer cells via caspase‐3/7‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms. However, GC might trigger both early and late stage apoptosis in cancer cells, at least in part by activating caspase 3/7‐dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, the antitumor efficacy of MSE observed in vitro was also validated in a widely used colon‐26 tumor‐bearing mouse model. Oral administration of MSE at 50 and 100 mg/kg per day significantly inhibited tumor growth, intratumoral angiogenesis, and liver metastases in BALB/c mice bearing colon‐26 tumors (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that MSE and GC have potent antitumor activity. Most importantly, we provide the first evidence that MSE inhibits tumor growth, intratumoral angiogenesis, and liver metastasis in a colon‐26 tumor‐bearing mice.
High‐flux hemodialysis after administering high‐dose methotrexate in a patient with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease and impaired renal function
Authors: Reshetnik Alexander , Scheurig‐Muenkler Christian , van der Giet Markus , Tölle Markus 
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical MessageA young patient develops cerebral posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Despite concurrent significantly impaired transplant kidney function use of add‐on high‐flux hemodialysis for additional clearance made the administration of high‐dose methotrexate feasible in this patient without occurence of acute chronic kidney failure and significant hematological toxicity.
Severe traumatic vulva hematoma in teenage girl
Authors: Ernest Alex , Knapp Gregory 
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical MessageNonobstetric hematomas of the vulva are rare and not extensively reported in literature. There are no consensus guidelines and a paucity of literature to guide best practices with regard to management. We present a case of vulva hematoma in a teenage girl. Our experience highlights the importance of prompt surgical intervention to reduce associated morbidity and minimize hospital stay.
Solving the 170‐Year‐Old Mystery About Red‐Violet and Blue Transient Intermediates in the Gmelin Reaction
Authors: Gao Yin , Toubaei Abouzar , Kong Xianqi , Wu Gang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Gmelin reaction between nitroprusside and sulfides in aqueous solution is known to produce two transient intermediates with distinct colors: an initial red‐violet intermediate that subsequently converts into a blue intermediate. In this work, we use a combination of multinuclear (17O, 15N, 13C) NMR, UV/Vis, IR spectroscopic techniques and quantum chemical computation to show unequivocally that the red‐violet intermediate is [Fe(CN)5N(O)S]4− and the blue intermediate is [Fe(CN)5N(O)SS)]4−. While the formation of [Fe(CN)5N(O)S]4− has long been postulated in the literature, this study provides the most direct proof of its structure. In contrast, [Fe(CN)5N(O)SS)]4− represents the first example of any metal coordination complex containing a perthionitro ligand. The new reaction pathways found in this study not only provide clues for the mode of action of nitroprusside for its pharmacological activity, but also have broader implications to the biological role of H2S, potential reactions between H2S and nitric oxide donor compounds, and the possible biological function of polysulfides.
T‐cell receptor repertoire variation may be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans
Authors: Frankl Joseph A. , Thearle Marie S. , Desmarais Cindy , Bogardus Clifton , Krakoff Jonathan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundRecent work in Pima Indians, a population with high rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), demonstrated that human leukocyte antigen haplotype DRB1*02 carriers have an increased acute insulin response and decreased risk for the development of T2DM, implicating loss of self‐tolerance in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Advances in genomic sequencing have made T‐cell receptor repertoire analysis a practical mode of investigation.MethodsHigh‐throughput sequencing of T‐cell receptor complementarity‐determining region 3 was carried out in male Pima Indians with normal glucose regulation (n = 11; age = 31 ± 8 years; %fat = 30.2 ± 8.7%) and the protective DRB1*02 haplotype versus those with T2DM without DRB1*02 (n = 7; age = 34 ± 8 years; %fat = 31.2 ± 4.7%). Findings were partially replicated in another cohort by assessing the predictive ability of T‐cell receptor variation on risk of T2DM in Pima Indian men (n = 27; age = 28.9 ± 7.1 years; %fat = 28.8 ± 7.1%) and women (n = 20; age = 29 ± 7.0 years; %fat = 37.1 ± 6.8%) with baseline normal glucose regulation but without the protective haplotype who were invited to follow‐up examinations as frequently as every 2 years where diabetes status was assessed by a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test. Of these subjects, 13 developed diabetes.ResultsT‐cell receptor complementarity‐determining region 3 length was shorter in those with T2DM, and a one‐nucleotide decrease in complementarity‐determining region 3 length was associated with a nearly threefold increase in risk for future diabetes. The frequency of one variable gene, TRBV7‐8, was higher in those with T2DM. A 1% increase in TRBV7‐8 frequency was associated with a greater than threefold increase in diabetes risk.ConclusionsThese results indicate that T‐cell autoimmunity may be an important component in progression to T2DM in Pima Indians. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between uric acid, cancer incidence and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: Shanghai diabetes registry study
Authors: Deng Zixuan , Gu Yunjuan , Hou Xuhong , Zhang Lei , Bao Yuqian , Hu Cheng , Jia Weiping 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundAn elevated serum uric acid level has often been observed with type 2 diabetes or cancer progression. This study aimed to investigate the association between the serum uric acid, cancer incidence, and mortality in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA total of 8274 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Shanghai Diabetes Registry (SDR) participated. The follow‐up rate was 85.4%. All subjects were divided into four groups according to the serum uric acid concentration: group 1 (1.0 mg/dL ≤ SUA < 3.0 mg/dL), group 2 (3.0 mg/dL ≤ SUA <5.0 mg/dL), group 3 (5.0 mg/dL ≤ SUA < 7.0 mg/dL), and group 4 (SUA ≥ 7.0 mg/dL). The primary outcome was the first diagnosis of any cancer. The secondary outcome was all‐cause mortality. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the relative risks of cancer and death.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐seven men and 115 women had cancer by the end of the study. In women, group 1 had the lowest incidence rate of cancer at 30.3 cases per 10 000 person‐years, followed by group 2 (48.2). The cancer incidence rates in groups 3 (80.4) and 4 (100.8) were significantly higher than in group 2 (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of cancer in men (p = 0.76). The risks of overall mortality and death from cancer were not significantly different among the different serum uric acid groups in either sex (Pmale = 0.480, Pfemale = 0.075).ConclusionIn Chinese female diabetic patients, the incidence of cancer increased with serum uric acid levels. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuronal labeling patterns in the spinal cord of adult transgenic Zebrafish
Authors: Stil Aurélie , Drapeau Pierre 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTWe describe neuronal patterns in the spinal cord of adult zebrafish. We studied the distribution of cells and processes in the three spinal regions reported in the literature: the 8th vertebra used as a transection injury site, the 15th vertebra mainly used for motor cell recordings and also for crush injury, and the 24th vertebra used to record motor nerve activity. We used well‐known transgenic lines in which expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) is driven by promoters to hb9 and isl1 in motoneurons, alx/chx10 and evx1 interneurons, ngn1 in sensory neurons and olig2 in oligodendrocytes, as well as antibodies for neurons (HuC/D, NF and SV2) and glia (GFAP). In isl1:GFP fish, GFP‐positive processes are retained in the upper part of ventral horns and two subsets of cell bodies are observed. The pattern of the transgene in hb9:GFP adults is more diffuse and fibers are present broadly through the adult spinal cord. In alx/chx10 and evx1 lines we respectively observed two and three different GFP‐positive populations. Finally, the ngn1:GFP transgene identifies dorsal root ganglion and some cells in dorsal horns. Interestingly some GFP positive fibers in ngn1:GFP fish are located around Mauthner axons and their density seems to be related to a rostrocaudal gradient. Many other cell types have been described in embryos and need to be studied in adults. Our findings provide a reference for further studies on spinal cytoarchitecture. Combined with physiological, histological and pathological/traumatic approaches, these studies will help clarify the operation of spinal locomotor circuits of adult zebrafish. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 642–660, 2016
Gastrointestinal complications associated with anorexia nervosa: A systematic review
Authors: Norris Mark L. , Harrison Megan E. , Isserlin Leanna , Robinson Amy , Feder Stephen , Sampson Margaret 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveA systematic review identifying gastrointestinal (GI) complications attributable to anorexia nervosa (AN) was completed.MethodStudies of any design exploring the pathogenesis of complications and treatment strategies were included. The review was completed in accordance with PRISMA standards.ResultsA total of 123 articles were retained, including one randomized control trial. The majority of included studies were case reports and case series. Controlled studies demonstrated that patients with AN were more likely to have delays in gastric motility, gastric emptying and intestinal transit than comparator groups although results were not uniform across all studies. Published reports suggest that complications can occur at any segment of the GI tract. These issues may derive as a consequence of severe malnourishment, from eating disorder related symptoms such as self‐induced purging or from the refeeding process itself. Multiple studies noted that patients with AN report high rates of GI symptoms although in the few cases where medical testing was undertaken, correlations between self‐reported symptoms and measurable pathology were not demonstrated.DiscussionGI complications may occur throughout the entire GI tract in patients with AN. It is recommended that clinicians use careful judgment when pursuing targeted investigation or introducing symptom specific treatments in response to GI complaints. Evidence suggests that most GI complications resolve with refeeding and cessation of ED symptoms.
To Squeeze or Not to Squeeze? That Is No Longer the Question
Authors: Ben‐Abdallah Ramzi , Breton Michèle 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper provides an investigation into an anomaly called a short squeeze, in the CBOT T‐Bonds Futures Market, for the period spanning January 1985 to December 2014. A short squeeze occurs when market manipulations cause the cheapest‐to‐deliver bond to be in short supply, resulting in significant price distortions. The incentive for market manipulation, or squeeze potential, is evaluated over the last 30 years and is related to documented episodes of the CBOT futures market. It is observed that conditions are presently very favorable to the occurrence of short squeezes, and that shortages would imply large losses for short traders. We also find that the incentive for market manipulation would be significantly reduced by lowering the notional underlying security coupon rate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 36:647–670, 2016
Justice Roberts Gets It
Authors: Hall Mark A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOpponents of the Affordable Care Act have attempted to topple it in court by challenging the legality of two of its three legs. Three years ago, in NFIB v. Sibelius, Chief Justice Roberts narrowly upheld the constitutionality of the individual mandate, in a 5‐to‐4 decision that characterized the mandate as an optional tax rather than as a regulatory command. This year, on June 25, the health policy community exhaled a giant sigh of relief when the Supreme Court upheld the subsidy leg of the ACA structure. In King v. Burwell, Justice Roberts again wrote the majority opinion (this time for six members that included Justice Kennedy), ruling as a matter of statutory interpretation that subsidies for insurance premiums are available not just through state‐based exchanges but also through the federal exchange.