bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of Morella nana: The Wumeng Mountains as a natural geographical isolation boundary on the Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau
Authors: Wu Min , Cheng Yu , Jiang Chunxue , Zhang Mingsheng , Shi Tian , Zhao Cai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau (YGP) is characterized by the distinctive isolated habitat of the limestone Karst Islands and features the Wumeng Mountains, which divide the YGP into the two Plateaus of Yunnan and Guizhou. This study aimed to assess the effects of geographic isolation and past climate fluctuation on the distribution of flora in the YGP. To achieve this, we carried out the phylogeographical pattern and genetic structure based on chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence in relation to past (Last Glacial Maximum) and present distributions based on ecological niche modeling for Morella nana, an important wild plant resource and endemic to the YGP once considered a vulnerable species. The results suggest that the genetic and chlorotype network structures of M. nana are divided into at least two groups: cpDNA chlorotype H2 (or dominant nrDNA haplotypes h1 and h2), distributed primarily to the east of the Wumeng Mountains, and cpDNA chlorotypes H1 and H3–H10 (or dominant nrDNA haplotype h2 and h3), distributed to the west of the Wumeng Mountains. A deep genetic split was noted within the two groups to reach 25 steps, especially for the cpDNA fragment variation. This east–west divergence reveals the existence of a natural geographical isolation boundary in the form of the Wumeng Mountains, and supports the existence of at least two glacial refuges during the Quaternary glacial period, along with two genetic diversity center, and at least two large geographic protection units for the important species of M. nana. This study indicates that the phylogeographical pattern of M. nana can be attributed to geographic/environmental isolation caused by the Wumeng Mountains and climate fluctuation during the last glacial maximum, and proposes an effective strategy to protecting this important plant resource.
Management and outcomes of heart failure hospitalization among older adults in the United States and Japan
Authors: Bates Benjamin A. , Enzan Nobuyuki , Tohyama Takeshi , Gandhi Poonam , Matsushima Shouji , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Setoguchi Soko , Ide Tomomi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsDespite advances in therapies, the disease burden of heart failure (HF) has been rising globally. International comparisons of HF management and outcomes may reveal care patterns that improve outcomes. Accordingly, we examined clinical management and patient outcomes in older adults hospitalized for acute HF in the United States (US) and Japan.MethodsWe identified patients aged >65 who were hospitalized for HF in 2013 using US Medicare data and the Japanese Registry of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (JROADHF). We described patient characteristics, management, and healthcare utilization and compared outcomes using multivariable Cox regression during and after HF hospitalization.ResultsAmong 11 193 Japanese and 120 289 US patients, age and sex distributions were similar, but US patients had higher comorbidity rates. The length of stay was longer in Japan (median 18 vs. 5 days). While Medicare patients had higher use of implantable cardioverter defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy during hospitalization (1.32% vs. 0.6%), Japanese patients were more likely to receive cardiovascular medications at discharge and to undergo cardiac rehabilitation within 3 months of HF admission (31% vs. 1.6%). Physician follow‐up within 30 days was higher in Japan (77% vs. 57%). Cardiovascular readmission, cardiovascular mortality and all‐cause mortality were 2.1–3.7 times higher in the US patients. The per‐day cost of hospitalization was lower in Japan ($516 vs. $1323).ConclusionsWe observed notable differences in the management, outcomes and costs of HF hospitalization between the US and Japan. Large differences in length of hospitalization, cardiac rehabilitation rate and outcomes warrant further research to determine the optimal length of stay and assess the benefits of inpatient cardiac rehabilitation to reduce rehospitalization and mortality.
Association between frailty index based on laboratory tests and all‐cause mortality in critically ill patients with heart failure
Authors: Wang Sutong , Wang Lin , Wang Yongcheng , Zong Shuli , Fan Hesong , Jiang Yuehua , Li Xiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe frailty index based on laboratory tests (FI‐lab) can identify individuals at increased risk for adverse health outcomes. The association between the FI‐lab and all‐cause mortality in patients with heart failure (HF) in the intensive care unit (ICU) remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the correlation between FI‐lab and all‐cause mortality to evaluate the impact of FI‐lab on the prognosis of critically ill patients with HF.MethodsThis retrospective observational study utilized data extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. The FI‐lab, which consists of 33 laboratory tests, was constructed. Patients were then grouped into quartiles (Q1–Q4) based on their FI‐lab scores. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare all‐cause mortality among the four groups. A Cox proportional hazard analysis was conducted to examine the association between the FI‐lab score and all‐cause mortality. The incremental predictive value of adding FI‐lab to classical disease severity scores was assessed using Harrell's C statistic, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification improvement (NRI).ResultsAmong 3021 patients, 838 (27.74%) died within 28 days, and 1400 (46.34%) died within a 360 day follow‐up period. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that patients with higher FI‐lab scores had significantly higher risks of all‐cause mortality (log‐rank P < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression suggested that FI‐lab, evaluated as a continuous variable (for each 0.01 increase), was associated with increased 28 day mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.01–1.03), P < 0.001] and 360 day mortality [HR 1.02, 95% CI (1.01–1.02), P < 0.001]. When assessed in quartiles, the 28 day mortality risk [HR 1.66, 95% CI (1.28–2.15), P < 0.001] and 360 day mortality risk [HR 1.48, 95% CI (1.23–1.8), P < 0.001] were significantly higher for FI‐lab Q4 compared with FI‐lab Q1. FI‐lab significantly improved the predictive capability of classical disease severity scores for 28 and 360 day mortality.ConclusionsIn ICU patients diagnosed with HF, the FI‐lab is a potent predictor of short‐term and long‐term mortality in critically ill patients with HF. The active use of FI‐lab to identify high‐risk groups among critically ill HF patients and initiate timely interventions may have significant value in improving the prognosis of critically ill patients with HF.
Gut bacteria, host immunity, and colorectal cancer: From pathogenesis to therapy
Authors: Li Yuyi , Peng Jinjin , Meng Xiangjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe emergence of 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing has gradually revealed the close relationship between dysbiosis and colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent studies have confirmed that intestinal dysbiosis plays various roles in the occurrence, development, and therapeutic response of CRC. Perturbation of host immunity is one of the key mechanisms involved. The intestinal microbiota, or specific bacteria and their metabolites, can modulate the progression of CRC through pathogen recognition receptor signaling or via the recruitment, polarization, and activation of both innate and adaptive immune cells to reshape the protumor/antitumor microenvironment. Therefore, the administration of gut bacteria to enhance immune homeostasis represents a new strategy for the treatment of CRC. In this review, we cover recent studies that illuminate the role of gut bacteria in the progression and treatment of CRC through orchestrating the immune response, which potentially offers insights for subsequent transformative research.
CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α‐dependent regulation of granule formation in mast cells by intestinal bacteria
Authors: Iketani Ayaka , Takano Mai , Kasakura Kazumi , Iwatsuki Miono , Tsuji Ayu , Matsuda Kou , Minegishi Remina , Hosono Akira , Nakanishi Yusuke , Takahashi Kyoko 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe antiallergic effects of gut microbiota have been attracting attention in recent years, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate these mechanisms specifically focusing on mast cells. Mast cells retain intracellular granules containing various inflammatory mediators such as histamine, which are released outside the cells upon IgE and allergen stimulation. We previously reported that increased expression of the transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α (C/EBPα), suppresses granule formation in mast cells and that Lacticaseibacillus casei JCM1134T (LC) upregulates C/EBPα levels. Here, granule formation in mouse bone marrow‐derived mast cells was suppressed in a MyD88‐dependent manner after LC treatment due to C/EBPα‐dependent downregulation of the genes encoding serglycin (SRGN) and mast cell protease 4 (Mcpt4). Furthermore, C/EBPα expression was regulated by DNA methylation in the 5′ region far upstream of the transcription start site. LC suppressed DNA methylation of specific CpG motifs in the 5′ region of the C/EBPα gene. These results conclude that specific gut microbial components, such as those from LC, suppress granule formation in mast cells by inhibiting SRGN and Mcpt4 expression via reduced C/EBPα gene methylation.
Interpretation of suspended sediment concentration‐runoff hysteresis loops in two small karst watersheds
Authors: Sun Mingwei , Wang Zhongcheng , Li Jianhong , Li Zhenwei , Xu Xianli , Gu Zaike , Du Jiaojiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractQuantifying suspended sediment concentration‐runoff (SSC‐Q) hysteresis can help to understand the source and transport mechanism of sediment. Due to the unique lithology, shallow soil, high infiltration capacity, complex geomorphology and heterogeneous landscape of karst watersheds in southwestern China, SSC‐Q hysteresis patterns remain unclear in this region. In the present study, the hysteresis index (HI) was used to quantify the SSC‐Q hysteresis pattern. The effects of rainfall and runoff on the HI were also evaluated from 2014 to 2019 in the Mahuangtian (2.26 km2) and Muzhaihe (0.09 km2) karst watersheds. The results showed that the clockwise loops accounted for more than 60% of the total hysteresis patterns in the two karst watersheds. In contrast, the counter‐clockwise and figure‐eight loops occupied no more than 30% and 10% of the total hysteresis patterns, respectively. These differences in the hysteresis patterns probably resulted from the spatial distribution of sediment sources and hydrological connectivity. The HI was significantly affected by the maximum discharge in the Mahuangtian watershed (P < 0.05) and by the flashiness index in the Muzhaihe watershed. This may be attributed to their different 3D hydrogeological structure, lithology and watershed size. This study can facilitate a better understanding of suspended sediment dynamics and provide important guidance for accurately implementing soil and water conservation strategies in karst areas.
Bridging the gap between human toxicology and ecotoxicology under one health perspective by a cross-species adverse outcome pathway network for reproductive toxicity
Authors: Dufourcq Sekatcheff Elizabeth , Jeong Jaeseong , Choi Jinhee 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Although ecotoxicological and toxicological risk assessments are performed separately from each other, recent efforts have been made in both disciplines to reduce animal testing and develop predictive approaches instead, for example, via conserved molecular markers, and in vitro and in silico approaches. Among them, adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) have been proposed to facilitate the prediction of molecular toxic effects at larger biological scales. Thus, more toxicological data are used to inform on ecotoxicological risks and vice versa. An AOP has been previously developed to predict reproductive toxicity of silver nanoparticles via oxidative stress on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (AOPwiki ID 207). Following this previous study, our present study aims to extend the biologically plausible taxonomic domain of applicability (tDOA) of AOP 207. Various types of data, including in vitro human cells, in vivo, and molecular to individual, from previous studies have been collected and structured into a cross-species AOP network that can inform both human toxicology and ecotoxicology risk assessments. The first step was the collection and analysis of literature data to fit the AOP criteria and build a first AOP network. Then, key event relationships were assessed using a Bayesian network modeling approach, which gave more confidence in our overall AOP network. Finally, the biologically plausible tDOA was extended using in silico approaches (Genes-to-Pathways Species Conservation Analysis and Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility), which led to the extrapolation of our AOP network across over 100 taxonomic groups. Our approach shows that various types of data can be integrated into an AOP framework, and thus facilitates access to knowledge and prediction of toxic mechanisms without the need for further animal testing.
Distribution Characteristics of Atmospheric Microplastics in Typical Desert Agricultural Regions
Authors: Du Ao , Zhao Yachuan , Hu Can , Wang Xufeng , Cheng Hui , Xia Wenhao , Wang Long , Xing Jianfei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We examined the distribution characteristics of atmospheric microplastics in typical desert agricultural regions, with a focus on the agricultural areas surrounding the Taklamakan Desert, Xinjiang, China. We collected samples of total suspended particulate matter (TSP), atmospheric deposition, and atmospheric dust using both active and passive collection methods. The chemical composition, particle size, shape, and color of atmospheric microplastics were examined using a stereomicroscope and a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer to analyze their characteristics. The results showed that the primary chemical compositions of microplastics included polypropylene (PP), polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethylmethacrylate, and cellophane. Particle sizes were mainly within the range of 0 to 1000 μm. Fibrous microplastics constituted the majority of the TSP and atmospheric deposition, whereas film-like microplastics constituted the largest proportion of atmospheric dustfall. The deposition flux of atmospheric microplastics in the first quarter was measured at 103.21 ± 22.12 particles/m2/day, which was lower than that observed in conventional agricultural areas. The abundance of microplastics in atmospheric dustfall was found to be 1.36 particles/g. The proportion of PP microplastics in atmospheric dustfall can be as high as 35%. Through a comparison of microplastic content in TSP during dust storms and under normal weather conditions, it was found that dust storms can lead to an increase in the abundance of microplastics within the atmospheric TSP. The present study provides a scientific basis for understanding the distribution of atmospheric microplastics in typical desert agricultural regions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1982–1995. © 2024 SETAC.
Circulating tumor HPV DNA in the management of HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer and its correlation with MRI
Authors: Campo Flaminia , Paolini Francesca , Manciocco Valentina , Moretto Silvia , Pichi Barbara , Moretti Claudio , Blandino Giovanni , De Pascale Valentina , Benevolo Maria , Pimpinelli Fulvia , Vidiri Antonello , Marzi Simona , Ruggiero Sergio , Terrenato Irene , Iocca Oreste , Venuti Aldo , Pellini Raul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundFirst aim was to compare ddPCR assays of ctHPVDNA with p16 IHC and qualitative HPV PCR. Second aim was to carry out longitudinal blood sampling to test for association of ctHPVDNA with histological confirmed recurrence. Third aim was to perform a multidimensional assessment which included: (1) clinical features; (2) ctHPVDNA; (3) MRI‐based tumor size measurements of primary tumor (PT) and cervical lymph node metastases (CLNM).MethodsPlasma samples were collected before treatment and during follow‐up, and ddPCR assay comprising E6 of HPV16 and HPV 33 and HPV 35 was used.ResultsPresent study was conducted at diagnosis in 117 patients and revealed a ctHPVDNA sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 95.5–100) and a specificity of 94.4 (95% CI 81.3–99.3), positive predictive value (PPV) of 94.4 (95% CI 81.3–99.3), and negative predictive value (NPP) of 100% (95% CI 89.7–100). During follow‐up ctHPVDNA had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 72.1–100)% and specificity of 98.4% (95% CI 91.7–100)%, PPV% of 90.9% (95% CI 62.3–98.4) and NPV% of 100% (95% CI 94.3–100) for ability to detect recurrence. Correlation between both the CLNM volume and the sum of PT and CLNM volume was observed.ConclusionsctHPVDNA was superior to p16 in identification of HPV‐OPSCC at diagnosis. Introduction of ctHPVDNA, beyond diagnostic setting, represents a great opportunity to improve follow‐up protocol of OPSCC patients.
Exosomal miRNA‐21‐5p and miRNA‐21‐3p as key biomarkers of myocardial infarction
Authors: Sahebi Reza , Gandomi Fatemeh , shojaei Mitra , Farrokhi Effat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a debilitating condition that can lead to myocardial infarction (MI). Exosomal miRNAs (exo‐miRNA) can be diagnostic biomarkers for detecting MI. Here, we conduct a study to evaluate the efficacy of exo‐miRNA‐21‐5p/3p for early detection of MI.MethodsA total of 135 CAD patients and 150 healthy subjects participated in this study. Additionally, we randomly divided 26 male Wistar rats (12 weeks old) into two groups: control and induced MI. Angiographic images were used to identify patients and healthy individuals of all genders. In the following, serum exosomes were obtained, and exo‐miRNA‐21‐5p/3p was measured by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.ResultsWe observed an upregulation of exo‐miRNA‐21‐5p/3p in CAD patient and MI‐induced animal groups compared to controls. Analysis of the ROC curves defined 82% and 88% of the participants' exo‐miRNA‐21‐5p and exo‐miRNA‐21‐3p diagnostic power, respectively, which in the animal model was 92 and 82.ConclusionThis study revealed that the mean expression levels of exo‐miRNA‐21‐5p/3p were significantly increased in CAD patients and animal models of induced MI. Also, these results are associated with the atherogenic lipid profile of CAD patients, which may play an important role in the progression of the disease. Therefore, they can be considered as novel biomarkers.
Prevalence of influenza and other acute respiratory illnesses in patients with acute myocardial infarction in Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Aleem Mohammad Abdul , Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , Rahman Bayzid , Akhtar Zubair , Chowdhury Fahmida , Qadri Firdausi , Macintyre C. Raina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsSeveral studies imply that influenza and other respiratory illnesses could lead to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but data from low‐income countries are scarce. We investigated the prevalence of recent respiratory illnesses and confirmed influenza in AMI patients, while also exploring their relationship with infarction severity as defined by ST‐elevation MI (STEMI) or high troponin levels.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study, held at a Dhaka tertiary hospital from May 2017 to October 2018, involved AMI inpatients. The study examined self‐reported clinical respiratory illnesses (CRI) in the week before AMI onset and confirmed influenza using baseline real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).ResultsOf 744 patients, 11.3% reported a recent CRI, most prominently during the 2017 influenza season (35.7%). qRT‐PCR testing found evidence of influenza in 1.5% of 546 patients, with all positives among STEMI cases. Frequencies of CRI were higher in patients with STEMI and in those with high troponin levels, although these relationships were not statistically significant after adjusting for other variables. The risk of STEMI was significantly greater during influenza seasons in the unadjusted analysis (relative risk: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.18), however, this relationship was not significant in the adjusted analysis (adjusted relative risk: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.91–1.16).ConclusionIn Bangladesh, many AMI patients had a recent respiratory illness history, with some showing evidence of influenza. However, these illnesses showed no significant relationship to AMI severity. Further research is needed to understand these relationships better and to investigate the potential benefits of infection control measures and influenza vaccinations in reducing AMI incidence.
Nonlinear analysis of ion‐acoustic solitary waves in an unmagnetized highly relativistic quantum plasma
Authors: Madhukalya B. , Das R. , Hosseini K. , Hincal E. , Osman M. S. , Wazwaz A. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present paper explores the dynamics of ion‐acoustic solitary waves (IASWs) within an unmagnetized, highly relativistic quantum plasma containing positive and negative ions alongside electrons, employing the quantum hydrodynamic model. The treatment accounts for the inertial characteristics of negative and positive ions, considering electrons as inertialess. The nonlinear nature of quantum IASWs is investigated through the derivation of the Korteweg–de Vries equation using the reductive perturbation method. The investigation highlights how wave propagation characteristics, whether compressive or rarefactive, are substantially modulated by several parameters, such as the quantum diffraction parameter , relativistic effects , equilibrium density , and ion mass ratio . The analysis identifies the existence of both slow and fast wave modes, heavily influenced by the relativistic parameters involved. Our findings have significant implications for the understanding of both laboratory and space plasmas, especially in contexts where negative ions are present.