bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluvial seed dispersal of riparian trees: transport and depositional processes
Authors: Cunnings Adrienne , Johnson Edward , Martin Yvonne 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFluvial seed dispersal considers both the transport and deposition of seeds where channel geomorphic structures, hydrology and seed dispersal traits contribute to transport times and depositional locations. This study examines the influence of stream flow patterns on fluvial seed dispersal of buoyant white alder (Alnus rhombifolia) seeds by applying a one‐dimensional transport model. Conceptually, the model separates the stream into two components: (i) the main channel where the seeds are transported downstream; and (ii) the transient storage zone where seeds are temporarily detained or deposited on the river bank. Transport processes are characterized by an advection–dispersion equation which is coupled to a transient storage model using an exponential decay term. The model parameters: longitudinal dispersion (DL), exchange coefficient (α), main channel area (A) and storage zone (As) are estimated based on field experiments conducted in a confined, bedrock‐gravel bed river with pool‐riffle morphology located in coastal northern California. The riparian zone is inhabited by Alnus rhombifolia that disperse buoyant seeds in mid‐spring coinciding with the end of the wet, Mediterranean season. Artificial seeds, with similar traits of buoyancy and density to alder seeds, were used to quantify transport times and depositional locations. Preferential deposition resulted in stream reaches with larger As, high As/A ratios, and faster exchange coefficients corresponding to divergent stream flow (back‐eddies, re‐circulating flow, flow expansions) caused by geomorphic structures such as the ends of bar/riffle features and bends in the stream. The results demonstrate the importance of transient storage for seed transport and depositional processes. Morphological features that increase a channel's complexity create complex flow structures that detain seeds and provide a greater opportunity for deposition to occur. The model provides a simplification of river hydraulics to represent dispersal dynamics and lends itself to further understanding of hydrochory processes and associated population structure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissolved inorganic carbon sourcing using δ13CDIC from a karst influenced river system
Authors: McClanahan Kegan , Polk Jason , Groves Chris , Osterhoudt Laura , Grubbs Scott 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRivers, representing the primary conduits of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from the continents to the oceans, are important components to the global carbon cycle. To better understand the complex carbon cycling dynamics within two nested, mixed lithology watersheds, two sites were studied along the karst influenced upper Green River in south‐central Kentucky, USA. Weekly samples were collected from June 2013 through May 2014 and analyzed for δ13CDIC. The mixing model IsoSource was employed to better understand source partitioning differences over seasonal time spans and across the two nested basins. In both the lithologically mixed upstream basin (53% carbonate rocks, 47% siliciclastic) and carbonate rock dominated downstream basin (96% carbonate rocks in the drainage area between Greensburg and Munfordville, 78% in the total area upstream from Munfordville), DIC was primarily derived from soil respiration. The proportion of DIC from dissolved carbonate minerals derived from the downstream carbonate rock dominated basin was similar to the upstream basin, due to carbonate mineral dissolution having such a consistent effect on the overall DIC content of the river. Seasonally, soil respiration provided the most DIC from fall to winter. Early spring precipitation, combined with limited seasonal photosynthesis, shifted groundwater to be the primary source of DIC, bringing in a flush of carbonate mineral‐rich water during higher flows. This study provides insight into carbon dynamics across multiple lithologies and the important influence of seasonality using carbon isotope sourcing to determine carbonate mineral dissolution variability and aid in understanding its contribution to global carbon flux quantification. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in Romania: a single‐centre experience
Authors: Fetica Bogdan , Achimas‐Cadariu Patriciu , Pop Bogdan , Dima Delia , Petrov Ljubomir , Perry Anamarija M. , Nathwani Bharat N. , Müller‐Hermelink Hans K. , Diebold Jacques , MacLennan Kenneth A. , Fulop Annamaria , Blaga Mihaiela L. , Coza Daniela , Nicula Florian Al. , Irimie Alexandru , Weisenburger Dennis D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEpidemiologic studies of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Eastern Europe are scarce in the literature. We report the experience of the “Ion Chiricuta” Institute of Oncology in Cluj‐Napoca (IOCN), Romania, in the diagnosis and outcome of patients with NHL. We studied 184 consecutive NHL patients diagnosed in the Pathology Department of IOCN during the years 2004–2006. We also obtained epidemiological data from the Northwestern (NW) Cancer Registry. In the IOCN series, the most common lymphoma subtype was diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (43.5%), followed by the chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (21.2%). T‐cell lymphomas represented a small proportion (8.2%). The median age of the patients was 57 years, with a male‐to‐female ratio of 0.94. Patients with indolent B‐cell lymphomas had the best overall survival, whereas those with mantle cell lymphoma had the worst survival. The NW Cancer Registry data showed that the occurrence of NHL in the NW region of Romania was higher in men [world age‐standardized incidence rate/100 000 (ASR)—5.9; 95% CI 5.1–6.6] than in women (ASR—4.1; 95% CI 3.5–4.7) with age‐standardized male‐to‐female ratio of 1.44 (p = 0.038). Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma was the most common NHL in the NW region of Romania, accounting for 43% of all cases, followed by diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (36%). The 5‐year, age‐standardized cumulative relative survival for NHL in the County of Cluj in NW Romania, for the period of 2006–2010, was 51.4%, with 58.4% survival for men and 43.2% for women. Additional studies of NHL in Eastern Europe are needed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peak flow responses to strip thinning in a nested, forested headwater catchment
Authors: Dung Bui Xuan , Hiraoka Marino , Gomi Takashi , Onda Yuichi , Kato Hiroaki 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of 50% strip thinning on peak flow responses in 17‐ha and 9‐ha nested catchments. We observed 117 storm events from April 2010 to December 2013, including 32 events in the pre‐thinning period, 15 events during the thinning operation, and 70 events in the post‐thinning period. Paired‐catchment analysis with multiple pairs of nested gauging stations revealed that changes in peak flow responses varied depending on the location of the nested observation stations. Increases in peak flow during the operation period were significant in gauging stations located at the outlet and the middle of a catchment. Increases in peak flow during the post‐treatment period became significant in all nested catchments, but not in the catchment outlet. Rates of increase in peak flow ranged from 17.7% to 44.4%, which is within the range of previous studies. Different responses for changes in peak flow among nested pairs were associated with changes in internal hydrological flow pathways due to removal of timber and hydrological connectivity via overland flow generated by newly installed and reactivated skid trails. Our findings suggest that the effects of timber harvesting on peak flow are scale‐dependent with respect to drainage areas, hydrological links, and management practices. Selection of gauging locations and process‐based observations within catchments are essential for testing hypotheses related to the effects of timber harvesting with robust hydrological monitoring. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the digital filter method for base flow estimation in glacier melt dominated basins
Authors: Gan Rong , Zuo Qiting 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBase flow is an important component of streamflow. Although the simple digital filter method is widely used for base flow separation, the applicability in alpine rivers mainly dominated by glacier melt has not been described in detail. To assess and improve the performance of base flow estimates using the filter method for catchments dominated by glacier melt, the enhanced Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used to obtain the estimates of streamflow and base flow for three catchments with different glacier melt contribution in arid and cold Northwestern China. The digital filter is then applied to the simulated streamflow to separate base flow and assess how well the base flow by the filter method matches these obtained using the SWAT model. In order to obtain the best match between the base flow by the filter method and those using the SWAT model, the linear regression model is used to estimate the relation between the filtered base flow and the glacier melt. It was found that the filtered base flow was matched well with base flow using the SWAT model during the low‐flow period. However, the base flow based on the digital filter method was overestimated during the high‐flow period, especially for the Manas River and Kumarik River. The base flow indexes by the digital filter estimates were 2.9%, 33.3% and 100% larger than those of the model method for the Gongnaisi River, Manas River and Kumarik River, respectively. The differences are larger with bigger glacier melt contribution. The performance of the digital filter is affected by the glacier melt, and it can be improved significantly by the combination of filtered base flow and the glacier melt. The base flow indexes by the improved filter are 1.5%, 4.4% and 10.7% larger than those of the model method for the Gongnaisi River, Manas River and Kumarik River, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug diffusion, integration, and stability of nanoengineered drug‐releasing implants in bone ex‐vivo
Authors: Rahman Shafiur , Gulati Karan , Kogawa Masakazu , Atkins Gerald J. , Pivonka Peter , Findlay David M. , Losic Dusan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo treat skeletal conditions such as bone infections, osteoporotic fractures, and osteosarcoma, it would be ideal to introduce drugs directly to the affected site. Localized drug delivery from the bone implants is a promising alternative to systemic drug administration. In this study we investigated electrochemically nanoengineered Ti wire implants with titania nanotubes (TNTs), as minimally invasive drug‐releasing implants for the delivery of drugs directly into the bone tissue. Since trabecular bone in vivo contains a highly interconnected bone marrow, we sought to determine the influence of marrow on drug release and diffusion. Electrochemical anodization of Ti wires (length 10 mm) was performed to create an oxide layer with TNTs on the surface, followed by loading with a fluorescent model drug, Rhodamine B (RhB). Cores of bovine trabecular bone were generated from the sternum of a young steer, and were processed to have an intact bone marrow, or the marrow was removed. RhB‐loaded TNTs/Ti wires were inserted into the bone cores, which were then cultured ex vivo using the ZetOS™ bioreactor system to maintain bone viability. Release and diffusion of RhB inside the bone was monitored using fluorescence imaging and different patterns of drug transport in the presence or absence of marrow were observed. Scanning electron microscopy of the implants after retrieval from bone cores confirmed survival of the TNTs structures. Histological investigation showed the presence of bone cells adherent on the implants. This study shows a potential of Ti drug‐releasing implants based on TNTs technology towards localized bone therapy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 714–725, 2016.
Distortion correction of echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted images of uterine cervix
Authors: deSouza Nandita M. , Orton Matthew , Downey Kate , Morgan Veronica A. , Collins David J. , Giles Sharon L. , Payne Geoffrey S. 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo investigate the clinical utility of the reverse gradient algorithm in correcting distortions in diffusion‐weighted images of the cervix and for increasing diagnostic performance.Materials and MethodsForty‐one patients ages 25–72 years (mean 40 ± 11 years) with suspected or early stage cervical cancer were imaged at 3T using an endovaginal coil. T2‐weighted (W) and diffusion‐weighted images with right and left phase‐encode gradient directions were obtained coronal to the cervix (b = 0, 100, 300, 500, 800 s mm−2). Differences in angle of the endocervical canal to the x‐axis between T2W and right‐gradient, left‐gradient, and corrected images were measured. Uncorrected and corrected images were assessed for diagnostic performance when viewed together with T2W images by two independent observers against subsequent histology.ResultsThe angles of the endocervical canal relative to the x‐axis were significantly different between the T2W images and the right‐gradient images (P = 0.007), approached significance for left‐gradient images (P = 0.055), and were not significantly different after correction (P = 0.95). Corrected images enabled a definitive diagnosis in 34% (n = 14) of patients classified as equivocal on uncorrected images. Tumor volume in this subset was 0.18 ± 0.44 cm3 (mean ± SD; sensitivity of detection 100% [8/8], specificity 50% [3/6] for an experienced observer). Correction did not improve diagnostic performance for the less‐experienced observer.ConclusionDistortion‐corrected diffusion‐weighted images improved correspondence with T2W images and diagnostic performance in a third of cases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1218–1223.
Vocal fold varices and risk of hemorrhage
Authors: Tang Christopher Guan‐Zhong , Askin Gülce , Christos Paul J. , Sulica Lucian 
Published: October 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo establish risk of hemorrhage in patients with varices compared to those without, determine additional risk factors, and make evidence‐based treatment recommendations.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsPatients who were vocal performers presenting for care during a 24‐month period were analyzed to determine incidence of hemorrhage. Patients with varices were compared to those without. Demographic information and examination findings (presence, location, character, and size of varices; presence of mucosal lesions or paresis) were analyzed to determine predictors of hemorrhage.ResultsA total of 513 patients (60.4% female, mean age 36.6 years ± 13.95 years) were evaluated; 14 patients presenting with hemorrhage were excluded. One hundred and twelve (22.4%) patients had varices; 387 (77.6%) did not. The rate of hemorrhage in patients with varices was 2.68% at 12 months compared to 0.8% in patients without. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed a hazard ratio of 10.1 for patients with varix developing hemorrhage compared to nonvarix patients (P < 0.0001). The incidence rate of hemorrhage was 3.3 cases per 1,000 person‐months for varix patients compared to 0.5 cases per 1,000 person‐months in the nonvarix group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of paresis, mucosal lesions, location of varix (left or right side; medial or lateral), or varix morphology (pinpoint, linear, lake) between patients who hemorrhaged and those that did not.ConclusionThe presence of varices increases the risk of hemorrhage. Varix patients had 10 times the rate of hemorrhage compared to nonvarix patients, although the overall incidence is low. This data may be used to inform treatment of patients with varices.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1163–1168, 2016
Analysis of youtube as a source of information for peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Gupta Harsh V. , Lee Ricky W. , Raina Sunil K. , Behrle Brian L. , Hinduja Archana , Mittal Manoj K. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: YouTube is an important resource for patients. No study has evaluated the information on peripheral neuropathy disseminated by YouTube videos. In this study, our aim was to perform a systematic review of information on YouTube regarding peripheral neuropathy. Methods: The Web site (www.youtube.com) was searched between September 19 and 21, 2014, for the terms “neuropathy,” “peripheral neuropathy,” “diabetic neuropathy,” “neuropathy causes,” and “neuropathy treatment.” Results: Two hundred videos met the inclusion criteria. Healthcare professionals accounted for almost half of the treatment videos (41 of 92; 44.6%), and most came from chiropractors (18 of 41; 43.9%). Alternative medicine was cited most frequently among the treatment discussions (54 of 145, 37.2%), followed by devices (38 of 145, 26.2%), and pharmacological treatments (23 of 145, 15.9%). Conclusions: Approximately half of the treatment options discussed in the videos were not evidence‐based. Caution should be exercised when YouTube videos are used as a patient resource. Muscle Nerve 53: 27–31, 2016
Pyrene‐functionalized oligofluorenes as non‐doped deep blue emitters for solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Fan Zhaokang , Li Nengquan , Quan Yiwu , Chen Qingmin , Ye Shanghui , Fan Quli , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTTwo pyrene‐functionalized oligofluorenes (TPA‐PyF3 and CBP‐PyF3) are prepared using the condensation reaction by the Friedel–Crafts procedure. In the produced oligomers, the triphenylamine or N,N′‐dicarbazolyl‐4,4′‐biphenyl core serves as a spacer bearing spiro‐linked fluorene moieties to form a multi‐H shaped structure. This specific structure efficiently retards the crystallization tendency of the pyrene groups, and gives the materials completely amorphous morphological structure and film forming ability. Solution‐processed OLEDs with the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS (25 nm)/TPA‐PyF3 or CBP‐PyF3 (40 nm)/TPBI (35 nm)/Ca (10 nm)/Ag (100 nm) show low turn‐on voltages of 3.6 V, and the maximum external quantum efficiencies reach 1.78% and 2.07% for TPA‐PyF3 and CBP‐PyF3, respectively. Moreover, both devices exhibit stable deep‐blue light emission with Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of around (0.16, 0.09) at the brightness of 100–1000 cd m−2. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 795–801
Preparation of non‐spherical particles from amphiphilic block copolymers
Authors: Kempe Kristian , Wylie Ross A. , Dimitriou Michael D. , Tran Helen , Hoogenboom Richard , Schubert Ulrich S. , Hawker Craig J. , Campos Luis M. , Connal Luke A. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTSimple self‐assembly techniques to fabricate non‐spherical polymer particles, where surface composition and shape can be tuned through temperature and the choice of non‐solvents was developed. A series of amphiphilic polystyrene‐b‐poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) block copolymers were prepared and through solvent exchange techniques using varying non‐solvent composition a range of non‐spherical particles were formed. Faceted phase separated particles approximately 300 nm in diameter were obtained when self‐assembled from tetrahydrofuran (THF) into water compared with unique large multivesicular particles of 1200 nm size being obtained when assembled from THF into ethanol (EtOH). A range of intermediate structures were also prepared from a three part solvent system THF/water/EtOH. These techniques present new tools to engineer the self‐assembly of non‐spherical polymer particles. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 750–757
Ferroelectricity in (PbySn1−y)2P2S6 mixed crystals and random field BEG model
Authors: Rushchanskii K. Z. , Bilanych R. M. , Molnar A. A. , Yevych R. M. , Kohutych A. A. , Perechinskii S. I. , Samulionis V. , Banys J. , Vysochanskii Y. M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn SnPS ferroelectric under compression, the second‐order phase transition line is observed down to the tricritical point as the transition temperature decreases to 250 K. A tricriticality at a similar temperature is also revealed in the mixed crystals on SSe substitution. For the mixed crystals with SnPb substitution, ultrasound, hypersound, and low‐frequency dielectric studies also show heterophase features appearing on decrease of the ferroelectric transition temperature below a so‐called “waterline temperature” near 250 K. Such behavior agrees with the Blume–Emery–Griffiths (BEG) model appropriate for the ferroelectric system under investigation with a three‐well local potential for the order parameter fluctuations. The BEG model modified by the random‐field phase diagram in the vicinity of the tricritical point qualitatively explains the influence of the cationic substitution on the (PbSn)PS ferroelectric properties.
Surface plasmon polaritons with plasma frequencies above 1 eV in Sn‐doped In2 O3
Authors: Kalusniak Sascha , Orphal Laura , Schäfer Peter , Sadofev Sergey 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSn‐doped In2 O3 films with free‐electron concentration varied up to 1.710cm are prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. In this way, a metallic Drude‐type dielectric function with a negative real part extending beyond = 1050 nm is created. Despite essentially polycrystalline structure of the layers, the plasmonic damping is found not to exceed 70 meV in the entire doping range making excitation of low‐loss surface plasmon polaritons at frequencies fully covering the telecommunication band feasible. A monotonically increasing discrepancy between the carrier concentration obtained from Hall‐effect and the concentration extracted from fitting the optical spectra hints at a change of the band‐structure related parameters of In2 O3 with increasing Sn‐doping.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Disrupt mTOR-Signaling and Aerobic Glycolysis During T-Cell Activation
Authors: Böttcher Martin , D. Hofmann Andreas , Bruns Heiko , Haibach Martina , Loschinski Romy , Saul Domenica , Mackensen Andreas , Le Blanc Katarina , Jitschin Regina , Mougiakakos Dimitrios 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess numerous regenerative and immune modulating functions. Transplantation across histocompatibility barriers is feasible due to their hypo-immunogenicity. MSCs have emerged as promising tools for treating graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. It is well established that their clinical efficacy is substantially attributed to fine-tuning of T-cell responses. At the same time, increasing evidence suggests that metabolic processes control T-cell function and fate. Here, we investigated the MSCs' impact on the metabolic framework of activated T-cells. In fact, MSCs led to mitigated mTOR signaling. This phenomenon was accompanied by a weaker glycolytic response (including glucose uptake, glycolytic rate, and upregulation of glycolytic machinery) toward T-cell activating stimuli. Notably, MSCs express indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which mediates T-cell suppressive tryptophan catabolism. Our observations suggest that IDO-induced tryptophan depletion interferes with a tryptophan-sufficiency signal that promotes cellular mTOR activation. Despite an immediate suppression of T-cell responses, MSCs foster a metabolically quiescent T-cell phenotype characterized by reduced mTOR signaling and glycolysis, increased autophagy, and lower oxidative stress levels. In fact, those features have previously been shown to promote generation of long-lived memory cells and it remains to be elucidated how MSC-induced metabolic effects shape in vivo T-cell immunity.