bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic repression of regulator of G‐protein signaling 2 by ubiquitin‐like with PHD and ring‐finger domain 1 promotes bladder cancer progression
Authors: Ying Liang , Lin Jun , Qiu Feng , Cao Ming , Chen Haige , Liu Zhihong , Huang Yiran 
Published: October 2014

Ubiquitin‐like with PHD and ring‐finger domain 1 (UHRF1) binds to methylated promoters of tumor‐suppressor genes and suppresses gene expression by forming complexes with DNA methyltransferases. Recent studies have shown that repression of regulator of G‐protein signaling (RGS) 2 increases cancer cell growth. However, little is known about whether UHRF1 promotes bladder cancer progression by epigenetic silencing of RGS2. Here, we show that UHRF1 expression is increased in bladder cancer cell lines and in most bladder cancer tissues as compared with normal controls. UHRF1 overexpression increases bladder cancer cell proliferation, whereas inhibition of UHRF1 suppresses cell proliferation. In bladder cancer cells, UHRF1 inhibits RGS2 expression by increasing the methylation of CpG nucleotides of the RGS2 promoter. DNA methylation analysis showed tumor‐specific TGS2 promoter methylation in 73% (38/52) of bladder tumors. High UHRF1 expression of correlated with aberrant TGS2 promoter methylation in bladder tumors, which results in the loss of TGS2 expression, as confirmed by demethylation analysis in cell lines. Functionally, re‐expression of RGS2 partly abrogates UHRF1‐induced bladder cell proliferation. Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that low TGS2 expression is significantly correlated with reduced overall survival in patients with bladder cancer. These results demonstrate that epigenetic repression of RGS2 by UHRF1 contributes to bladder cancer progression.
Zooplankton biomass dynamics in oligotrophic versus eutrophic conditions: a test of the PEG model
Authors: Straile Dietmar 
Published: October 2014

Summary

The model of the International Society of Limnology (SIL) Plankton Ecology working group (hereafter the PEG model) is a verbal model describing the patterns and driving factors of seasonal phytoplankton and zooplankton succession in oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes (Sommer et al., 1986). Despite being a citation classic, tests of the PEG model with respect to differences in zooplankton biomass dynamics between oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes are lacking.

Here, I use the long‐term data from Lake Constance, which during the last 100 year changed from an (ultra‐) oligotrophic lake to a eutrophic lake and back to an oligotrophic lake to analyse trophic status differences in zooplankton biomass seasonality. Using data from one lake allows one to study trophic influences on biomass dynamics without the confounding effects of lake geographical setting and lake morphology, which complicate comparative dynamics in eutrophic versus oligotrophic lakes. However, environmental changes due to other driving factors, for example climate change, may possibly alter biomass dynamics as well.

Data from Lake Constance do not support the differences in zooplankton seasonality in respect to peak timing between eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes suggested by the PEG model. Rather total zooplankton biomass, as well as cladoceran and copepod biomass showed a peak in May/June during all trophic conditions. Biomass dynamics of cladocerans during spring were more strongly influenced by water temperature than by trophic state. Furthermore, analyses of the geographical setting of the lakes considered in Sommer et al. (1986) suggest that the proposed differences in zooplankton seasonality between eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes are at least partially due to the confounding effect of lake altitudinal setting; the oligotrophic lakes were located at higher altitude than the eutrophic lakes.

As a consequence of the results from Lake Constance, and the bias detected in the Sommer et al. (1986) study, a modified PEG model is proposed which considers low water temperature and not food limitation as the most important factor reducing zooplankton growth rate during early spring in both oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes.
From Wakefulness to Sleep: Migraine and Hypnic Headache Association in a Series of 23 Patients
Authors: Ruiz Marina , Mulero Patricia , Pedraza María Isabel , de la Cruz Carolina , Rodríguez Cristina , Muñoz Irene , Barón Johanna , Guerrero Angel Luis 
Published: October 2014

Objectives/BackgroundWe analyzed characteristics of hypnic headache (HH), migraine and the relationship between both headaches in 23 patients. HH is an uncommon primary headache characterized by exclusively sleep‐related attacks. Concurrence of other headaches, mainly migraine, has been reported, but relationship between both syndromes has rarely been considered.MethodsWe prospectively collected data in a headache outpatient office from January 2008 to September 2013. Demographic data and migraine and hypnic headache mean features were assessed.ResultsTwenty‐three out of 2500 (0.92%) were diagnosed with HH or probable HH, and 16 of them (69.5%) had a history of migraine. Mean age at onset of HH and migraine was 56.2 ± 9.3 and 24.6 ± 12.2 years, respectively. In 12 cases, migraine attacks disappeared at 56.7 ± 9.8 years old. Regarding the relationship between both syndromes, in 10 patients, migraine disappeared and HH began immediately after. In 1 case there was a pain‐free period, and in 5 an overlap between both headaches was registered.ConclusionA history of migraine is common in HH patients in our series. Most frequent transition pattern was an immediate change between both syndromes. Hypnic headache and migraine might share a common pathophysiological predisposition.
Symptomatic Lacrimal Neuralgia After Ophthalmic Surgery
Authors: Cuadrado María‐Luz , Aledo‐Serrano Ángel 
Published: October 2014

IntroductionLacrimal neuralgia has only recently been described in 3 cases. None of them had an underlying lesion or any precipitating event, so they were considered primary. Here, we report a symptomatic case due to surgical trauma.Case reportA 73‐year‐old woman started having a circumscribed pain at age 66 after left cataract surgery. The pain was located in a small area of her left temple next to the lateral canthus. Pain attacks lasted 1‐2 minutes, and were associated with allodynia. The attacks were precipitated by light touch on the eyelid or the temple, and were also evoked by palpation of the superoexternal angle of the orbit. An anesthetic blockade performed at the emergence of the lacrimal nerve resulted in complete and long‐lasting pain relief.ConclusionLacrimal neuralgia may be due to local trauma. This new case not only reinforces the existence of a specific neuralgia of the lacrimal nerve, but also introduces a classification into primary and secondary forms based on the etiology.
Characteristics and Management of Arachnoid Cyst in the Pediatric Headache Clinic Setting
Authors: Eidlitz‐Markus Tal , Zeharia Avi , Haimi Cohen Yishai , Konen Osnat 
Published: October 2014

Objective/BackgroundArachnoid cysts are generally identified incidentally on brain imaging, although they occasionally cause symptoms because of expansion or bleeding. This study aims to describe patients in whom an arachnoid cyst was identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study performed for the evaluation of headache in a pediatric headache clinic and to highlight the clinical dilemma posed by this finding.MethodsA retrospective descriptive study design was used. The electronic database of a tertiary pediatric headache clinic was searched for all newly admitted patients with headache who underwent MRI evaluation in 2008‐2013. The indications for imaging were based on clinical practice parameters recommended by the Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Clinical and imaging parameters were collected from the files. Findings were compared between patients with and without an arachnoid cyst.ResultsOf the 250 (31%) of 800 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 11 (4.4%) had an arachnoid cyst. Two patients had a ruptured cyst with midline shifting and a large subdural collection. Both presented with headache, vomiting, phonophobia, and photophobia. In the other 9 asymptomtic patients with an arachnoid cyst, imaging showed only a mild mass effect without midline shifting; their symptoms were considered unrelated to the cyst. The patients with a symptomatic arachnoid cyst were referred for surgery, with good outcome.ConclusionsArachnoid cysts are found in a small percentage of brain scans performed for evaluation of headache in the setting of a hospital‐based pediatric headache clinic. For the long run in these clinical settings, most of the cysts are asymptomatic. Precise anamnesis, neurologic examination, and imaging performed according to accepted practice guidelines may help clinicians determine if the headache and symptoms are caused by the cyst or if they should seek primary headache diagnosis with overlapping symptoms. The clinical distinction between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (symptoms that are directly related to the arachnoid cyst) may be difficult. Family history of migraine may help in the diagnosis of asymptomatic patients.
Blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a predictor in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy
Authors: Terashima Takeshi , Yamashita Tatsuya , Iida Noriho , Yamashita Taro , Nakagawa Hidetoshi , Arai Kuniaki , Kitamura Kazuya , Kagaya Takashi , Sakai Yoshio , Mizukoshi Eishiro , Honda Masao , Kaneko Shuichi 
Published: October 2014

AimInflammation plays a critical role in cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 266 patients with advanced HCC treated with HAIC between March 2003 and December 2012. NLR was calculated from the differential leukocyte count by dividing the absolute neutrophil count by the absolute lymphocyte count.ResultsThe cut‐off level of NLR was set as the median value of 2.87 among all patients in this study. The objective response rate in the patients with low NLR was 37.6%, which was significantly better than that of the patients with high NLR (21.1%; P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that low NLR remained associated with the response to HAIC (P = 0.024). Median progression‐free survival and median overall survival in patients with high NLR were 3.2 and 8.0 months, respectively, which were significantly shorter than that of the patients with low NLR (5.6 and 20.7 months; P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). High NLR was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. The patient outcome was stratified more clearly by NLR calculated after HAIC added to calculations before HAIC. Serum platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB level was positively correlated with NLR.ConclusionResults suggest that NLR is a useful predictor in patients with advanced HCC treated with HAIC. These findings may be useful in determining treatment strategies or in designing clinical chemotherapy trials in future.
Carnoy's solution is an adequate tissue fixative for routine surgical pathology, preserving cell morphology and molecular integrity
Authors: Pereira Marina A , Dias Andre R , Faraj Sheila F , Cirqueira Cinthya dos S , Tomitao Michele T , Carlos Nahas Sergio , Ribeiro Ulysses , de Mello Evandro S 
Published: October 2014

AimsTo compare Carnoy's solution (CS) and 10% neutral buffered formalin solution (NBF) as tissue fixatives in colorectal cancer specimens.Methods and resultsSurgical specimens from patients with colorectal cancer were analysed. Three groups were studied, as follows: group 1 consisted of 16 paired samples fixed in CS and NBF; and groups 2 and 3 consisted of 14 prospective and 80 retrospective samples, respectively, both randomized for fixation in CS or NBF. Groups 1 and 2 were analysed for amount, quality and integrity of DNA. Morphological analysis, including some of the usual special stains and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were also performed for group 1, and Sanger sequencing for group 2. Immunohistochemical (IHC) reactions for mismatch repair proteins were studied in groups 1 and 3. Fixative performances were similar for morphology, special stains, and IHC reactions, as well as for the amount, quality and integrity of extracted DNA. PCR amplification was not possible in two cases from CS group 1. Sanger sequencing gave conclusive results for the CS samples tested.ConclusionsCarnoy's solution and NBF are equivalent fixatives for colorectal cancer specimens and are adequate for routine utilization in surgical and molecular pathology.
Cadherin 17 is frequently expressed by ‘sclerosing variant’ pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour
Authors: Johnson Adam , Wright Jesse P , Zhao Zhiguo , Komaya Tatsuki , Parikh Alexander , Merchant Nipun , Shi Chanjuan 
Published: October 2014

AimsRecently, we described a series of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) featuring prominent stromal fibrosis, which we called sclerosing PanNETs. The aim of this study was to examine the pathological, immunophenotypic and clinical differences between sclerosing and non‐sclerosing PanNETs.Methods and resultsOne hundred and six PanNETs were identified, of which 15 (14%) were sclerosing NETs. Tissue microarrays containing 44 non‐sclerosing and five sclerosing PanNETs, as well as sections from 10 additional sclerosing tumours, were immunohistochemically labelled for serotonin, CDX2, CDH17, and islet 1. Sclerosing PanNETs were smaller (P = 0.045) and more likely to show an infiltrative growth pattern (P < 0.001) than non‐sclerosing PanNETs. They were frequently associated with a large pancreatic duct, causing duct stenosis. Additionally, we found significantly increased expression of the small intestinal NET markers serotonin, CDX2 and CDH17 in sclerosing PanNETs (P < 0.001) as compared with non‐sclerosing PanNETs. No difference in clinical outcome was found; however, more sclerosing PanNETs were stage IIB or above (P = 0.035), with lymph node metastasis being seen in three of nine sclerosing PanNETs with a tumour size of <20 mm.ConclusionsSclerosing PanNETs have distinct pathological features and biomarker expression profiles. In addition, lymph node metastasis can be present even with small sclerosing PanNETs.
Microscopic extraovarian sex cord proliferations: an undescribed phenomenon
Authors: McCluggage W Glenn , Stewart Colin J R , Iacobelli Jean , Soma Anita , Cho Kathleen R , Heatley Mark K , Boyde Adam , Clarke Blaise A 
Published: October 2014

AimsTo report a previously undescribed phenomenon of incidentally detected microscopic proliferations of sex cord cells, often mimicking adult granulosa cell tumour or sex cord tumour with annular tubules, in extraovarian locations.Methods and resultsThe six cases were in patients aged 23–58 years. The proliferations were located in the fallopian tube in three cases, and in paraovarian connective tissues, the pelvic side wall, and appendiceal serosa (one case each). Microscopically, they were typically composed of well‐demarcated nests of regular cells with round/ovoid vesicular nuclei, some containing grooves. Microfollicular and/or cribriform arrangements were present in three cases. In five cases, the sex cord lineage was confirmed by positive staining with inhibin and/or calretinin and other sex cord markers. FOXL2 mutation analysis was performed in one case, but was inconclusive. Bilateral oophorectomies and bilateral cystectomies were performed in three cases and one case respectively; there was no sex cord–stromal neoplasm in the removed ovaries. In the two cases in which the ovaries were not removed, imaging showed no suspicious features. Follow‐up in four cases (11 months–6 years) has been uneventful.ConclusionsThe pathogenesis of these microscopic extraovarian sex cord proliferations is unknown, but they may represent non‐neoplastic proliferations of embryonic remnants.
Targeted mutation analysis of endometrial clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Hoang Lien N , McConechy Melissa K , Meng Bo , McIntyre John B , Ewanowich Carol , Gilks Cyril Blake , Huntsman David G , Köbel Martin , Lee Cheng‐Han 
Published: October 2014

AimsEndometrial clear cell carcinomas (CCC) constitute fewer than 5% of all carcinomas of the endometrium. Currently, little is known regarding the genetic basis of endometrial CCC.Methods and resultsWe performed genomic and immunohistochemical analyses on 14 rigorously reviewed pure endometrial CCC. The genomic analysis consisted of sequencing the coding regions of 26 genes implicated previously in endometrial carcinoma. Twelve of 14 tumours displayed a prototypical CCC immunophenotype [napsin A+, hepatocyte nuclear factor‐1β (HNF1β+) and oestrogen receptor−] and all showed intact mismatch repair protein expression. We detected mutations in 11 of 14 tumours, and there was a predominance of mutations involving genes that are mutated more frequently in endometrial serous carcinomas than in endometrioid carcinomas. Two tumours displayed a prototypical serous carcinoma mutation profile (concurrent TP53 and PPP2R1A mutations, without PTEN, CTNNB1 or ARID1A mutation). No mutations in PTEN, CTNNB1 or POLE were identified.ConclusionsThe overall mutation profile of this cohort of endometrial CCC appears to be more serous‐like than endometrioid‐like, with a minor subset in the TP53‐mutated CCC showing serous carcinoma profile. These findings provide new insights into the molecular features of morphologically prototypical endometrial CCC, and underscore the need for further investigations into the oncogenesis of endometrial CCC.
Motivation for emergency and retirement saving: an examination of Regulatory Focus Theory
Authors: Cho Soo Hyun , Loibl Cäzilia , Geistfeld Loren 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCan Regulatory Focus Theory be used to better understand consumers' saving attitudes and behaviours? The theory posits that prevention‐ and promotion‐oriented personality traits may influence financial decision making. Using secondary and experimental survey data, two research questions were examined: (1) Are promotion‐ and prevention‐related saving goals, in combination with promotion‐ and prevention‐oriented personality traits, related to attitudes towards saving behaviour? (2) To what extent does the match between these goals and traits affect actual saving behaviour? Findings confirmed that promotion‐oriented consumers were less likely to save for prevention goals, while the opposite was true for prevention‐oriented individuals. Further, consumers' saving goal and personality trait‐based regulatory focus were found to influence cognitive attitudes towards saving. The discussion focuses on how these findings and theoretical perspectives may predict and influence consumers' financial decision making.
Development of functional food with the participation of the consumer. Motivators for consumption of functional products
Authors: Kraus Artur 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe purpose of the study was (1) to define the most important characteristics of functional food affecting purchasing decisions; (2) diagnose the importance of the healthful properties of functional food; (3) identify preferences for carriers (base product) and the importance of the functional components essential in the choice of functional products; and (4) get to know the motives by which consumers are guided when purchasing functional food. The data were collected through direct interview (n = 200). The research tool was a questionnaire divided into four sections. The first one included quality attributes. The second one included healthful properties, functional components and carriers. The third one concerned the motives for purchasing functional food and included the consequences and values. In the fourth section the participants were asked about gender, age and education. The results of this study allowed determining the most important attributes of functional food products. Among quality attributes the most important are safe food, natural product and healthy product. The most important organoleptic attributes include nice taste. Very important attributes of packaging and labelling include expiry date and information on the healthful properties of the product. The most important healthful properties are associated with the attributes (1) strengthens the immune system; (2) reduces the risk of certain cancers; (3) reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases; (4) helps maintain the correct body weight; (5) strengthens eyesight; (6) improves memory; and (7) improves physical condition. The functional components concern mainly vitamins and minerals, omega‐3 fatty acids and dietary fibre. As the best base products, consideration was given to bread, dairy products, cereal products, mixtures of fruits and vegetables and meat products. In the motivation system there were distinguished functional consequences that included improvement of health, needs of the organism, and healthy eating and psychological consequences such as conscious choice and health promotion. The most important autotelic values include good health and long life, health safety, inner harmony, self‐respect and self‐confidence. The means to achieve these goals are responsibility for health and care for health. The study provides bases for a better understanding of the consumer's needs and optimization of activities related to the development and consumption of functional food. The results of this study may provide valuable support for actions connected with the promotion and marketing of food products.
Distinct contribution of protein kinase Cδ and protein kinase Cε in the lifespan and immune response of human blood monocyte subpopulations
Authors: Malavez Yadira , Voss Oliver H. , Gonzalez‐Mejia Martha Elba , Parihar Arti , Doseff Andrea I. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryMonocytes, key components of the immune system, are a heterogeneous population comprised of classical monocytes (CD16−) and non‐classical monocytes (CD16+). Monocytes are short lived and undergo spontaneous apoptosis, unless stimulated. Dysregulation of monocyte numbers contribute to the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, yet the contribution of each subset remains poorly characterized. Protein kinase C (PKC) family members are central to monocyte biology; however, their role in regulating lifespan and immune function of CD16− and CD16+ monocytes has not been studied. Here, we evaluated the contribution of PKCδ and PKCε in the lifespan and immune response of both monocyte subsets. We showed that CD16+ monocytes are more susceptible to spontaneous apoptosis because of the increased caspase‐3, ‐8 and ‐9 activities accompanied by higher kinase activity of PKCδ. Silencing of PKCδ reduced apoptosis in both CD16+ and CD16− monocytes. CD16+ monocytes express significantly higher levels of PKCε and produce more tumour necrosis factor‐α in CD16+ compared with CD16− monocytes. Silencing of PKCε affected the survival and tumour necrosis factor‐α production. These findings demonstrate a complex network with similar topography, yet unique regulatory characteristics controlling lifespan and immune response in each monocyte subset, helping define subset‐specific coordination programmes controlling monocyte function.