bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aprendizagem e Letramento Digital de Alunos Adultos: O Caso do Curso Técnico em Informática a Distância do IFES
Authors: Andrade Gustavo de Oliveira , Cruz Dulce Márcia 
Published: October 2015

As mídias estão cada vez mais presentes no cotidiano dos estudantes, principalmente porque a maioria deles já nasceu nesse mundo tecnológico. No entanto, ainda pouco se conhece sobre o letramento digital dos alunos adultos dos cursos técnicos. Por essa razão, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi investigar a relevância das mídias e da cultura digital na visão dos alunos a distância do curso Técnico em Informática do Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES). Os dados coletados na pesquisa qualitativa mostraram que, apesar de serem ativos e autônomos, tendo seus próprios equipamentos para estudar e acessar rotineiramente as mídias na vida pessoal, não usufruem de todos os recursos da EAD e não utilizam na educação formal todos os recursos disponíveis na cultura digital, especialmente as tecnologias móveis e os jogos eletrônicos. Concluímos que eles poderiam ser mais desafiados pela escola para expandir as habilidades de aprendizagem adquiridas no contato com a cultura digital e pela experiência de estudar a distância, qualificando assim positivamente o letramento digital dos estudantes.Palavras-chave: Mídia; Educação a distância; Letramento digital. Adults Learning and Digital Literacy: The Case of Distance Informatics Technical Course From IFESAbstract The media are increasingly present in the daily lives of students, mainly because most of them was born in this technological world. However, little is known about the digital literacy of adult students of technical courses. For this reason, the main objective of this research was to investigate the relevance of media and digital culture according to the point view of the distance education students of Technical Course in Computer Science from the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (IFES). The data collected in qualitative research showed that students, despite being active and independent, using their own equipment to study and routinely access the media on personal life, they are not enjoying all the features of distance learning and they are not using in formal education all available resources in digital culture, particularly mobile technologies and electronic games. We concluded that they could be challenged by the school to expand the learning skills acquired in contact with the digital culture and with the experience of studying at distance, qualifying the digital literacy of students positively.Keywords: Media; Distance education; Digital literacy.
The Differences of Food Compositions in Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome in Malang
Authors: Andarini Sri , Sargowo Djanggan 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Obesity, especially obesity in adolescent, is a worldwide health problem needing much of our attention because it can continue to be obesity in adulthood. About 50% obese adolescents grew up to be obese adults. It was a concern since it is one of risk factor associated with cardiovascular events including hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and stroke. Visceral obesity is correlated with diabetogenic, atherogenic, prothrombotic, pro-inflammation, and abnormal metabolism. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of obese adolescents in Malang and to identitfy the differences in food compositions between metabolic syndrome and non-metabolic adolescents.METHODS: Prevalence of obesity was determined by assessing BMI in 20 Senior and Junior High Schools. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using IDF criteria; waist circumference of >80cm and >90cm for female and male, respectively, and increased triglyceride and decreased HDL concentration levels. The food composition was assessed using food recalls, and then regression linier test was done to define the correlation between food intake and the components of metabolic syndrome.RESULTS: The prevalence of adolescent obesity in Malang had reached 3.32%, with the prevalence of obesity in male subjects higher than in female subjects, i.e. 54.1% compared to 45.9%. The boys had higher mean for height and weight than the girls did, however, the BMI was higher in girls rather than boys. The difference of fat in food composition was significantly higher for the metabolic groups (p=0.031), but the carbohydrate did not significantly differ between the two groups (p=0.407).CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of adolescent obesity in Malang had reached 3.32%, with the prevalence of 54.1% in male and 45.9% in female. From the statistics test, fat intake showed a significant difference between metabolic syndrome and non-metabolic syndrome groups, but other food compositions didn’t.KEYWORDS: obesity, metabolic syndrome, adolescent
Childhood Hyperuricemia as Risk Factor of Hypertension in Adulthood
Authors: Ramayani Oke Rina 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism. Hyperuricemia can occur because of decreased excretion, increased production and/or a combination of both mechanisms. Elevation of uric acid in the blood (>5.5 mg/dL) in children is associated with the occurrence of essential hypertension. The relevance of pediatric hyperuricemia into adult hypertension have been widely studied.CONTENT: The high percentage of children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome who had an elevated concentration of uric acid could be of great concern if it were concluded that uric acid was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The minimum age that has shown blood pressure is significantly associated with adult life is unknown. There are a number of possible explanations for the phenomenon of blood pressure tracking, including hyperuricemia. Several pathophysiological mechanisms increase uric acid with cardiovascular damage through proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, stimulate inflammatory path, and then prothrombotic effects triggered by the activation of platelets. Once vascular lesion has appeared, then arises the sodium-sensitive hypertension, although uric acid levels have returned to normal. Persistant mechanism of sodium sensitivity is caused by renal ischemia that leads to activation of the renin-angiotensin system, renal vasoconstriction and increased reabsorption of salt. This supports better understanding of the link between childhood hyperuricemia and adulthood hypertension.SUMMARY: Childhood hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor of hypertension and is ‘linked to’ adult blood pressure.KEYWORDS: uric acid, hyperuricemia, primary hypertension, children, adult
Coverage Gains After the Affordable Care Act Among the Uninsured in Minnesota
Authors: Call Kathleen Thiede , Lukanen Elizabeth , Spencer Donna , Alarcón Giovann , Kemmick Pintor Jessie , Baines Simon Alisha , Gildemeister Stefan 
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We determined whether and how Minnesotans who were uninsured in 2013 gained health insurance coverage in 2014, 1 year after the Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded Medicaid coverage and enrollment. Methods. Insurance status and enrollment experiences came from the Minnesota Health Insurance Transitions Study (MH-HITS), a follow-up telephone survey of children and adults in Minnesota who had no health insurance in the fall of 2013. Results. ACA had a tempered success in Minnesota. Outreach and enrollment efforts were effective; one half of those previously uninsured gained coverage, although many reported difficulty signing up (nearly 62%). Of the previously uninsured who gained coverage, 44% obtained their coverage through MNsure, Minnesota’s insurance marketplace. Most of those who remained uninsured heard of MNsure and went to the Web site. Many still struggled with the enrollment process or reported being deterred by the cost of coverage. Conclusions. Targeting outreach, simplifying the enrollment process, focusing on affordability, and continuing funding for in-person assistance will be important in the future.
Economics of Steam Generation for Thermal EOR
Authors: Chaar Marwan , Venetos Milton , Dargin Justin , Palmer Daniel 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The thermal EOR steam generation projects in Gulf oilfields are on such a large scale that they affect an entire country's economic position. As such, the policies related to oilfield steam generation should be decided at the national level using the cost of the marginal fuel. This paper calculates the steam cost for three methods: 1) once-through steam generator (OTSG) 2) once-through heat recovery steam generator (OT-HRSG) and 3) solar steam generator (SSG).
We have created detailed performance and economic models of the steam generation methods and used them to calculate the levelized cost of energy and the Fuel Break Even (FBE). We explore the environmental and economic burdens on the cost of steam generation. The effect of fuel price on the cost of steam is also analyzed with a focus on the marginal fuel price.
The analysis shows that the fully burdened steam costs using $6/MMBTU fuel, for OTSG, OT-HRSG, and SSG are $27/ton, $20/ton, and $17/ton, respectively. The FBE for SSG vs. OTSG is $4.95/MMBTU when the OTSG is unburdened and decreases to $2.25/MMBTU when the environmental burden of Carbon Cost is added. The FBE for SSG vs. OT-HRSG is $7.70/MMBTU when burdened with Power Opportunity Cost and $4.50/MMBTU when the additional burdens of Carbon Cost and Water Opportunity Cost are accounted for.
Finally, we analyze the limitations of OT-HRSG in an isolated oilfield where the electric:thermal demand necessitiates electricity-matched cogeneration. This limitation along with the steam cost at the marginal fuel price provides the decision-maker with a steam supply curve.
An Innovative Approach to Formation Evaluation with a Sourceless LWD Technology for the First Time in Joint Operations, A Case Study From Partitioned Zone Between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Rubaiyea Jamal , Al-Bader Ahmad , Al-Houli Meshari , Al-Najim Abdul-aziz , Al-Duwaish Majed , Elsherif Ahmed 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The South Fuwaris Field is located in the Partitioned Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. The Lower Cretaceous Ratawi reservoirs were discovered in 1961, and production commenced in 1963. There are two major reservoirs – the Ratawi Limestone, which is predominantly developed by vertical wells, and the Ratawi Oolite, which is exclusively developed by horizontal wells. The reservoirs comprise low-moderate permeability limestone.
The use of Logging While Drilling (LWD) tools which utilise natural radioactive sources has been always risky since losing radioactive source will necessitates a complex procedure to abandon side track the hole.
Recently, a new LWD logging technique that incorporates Pulsed Neutron Generators (PNG) was introduced to Wafra Joint Operations (WJO). This new technique acts generates multiple measurements (Resistivity / Density / Neutron / Sigma / Spectroscopy). The PNG uses electrical power generated from the measurement-while-drilling (MWD) turbine to generate a large cloud of fast neutrons. These fast neutrons interact with the formation atoms to generate formation hydrogen index, sigma, and spectroscopy data. In addition, the fast neutron interactions generate a secondary gamma ray cloud that can be used to measure formation density (similar to standard density measurement).
This innovative technique was used for the first time for Wafra Joint Operations in the South Fuwaris Field, with great success. The tool was run in a pilot hole with an inclination of 60°, cutting the Ratawi Limestone and Ratawi Oolite reservoirs. The acquired data were of excellent quality in comparison with conventional LWD data.
The formation sigma was used in the water saturation calculations. Spectroscopy analysis was also recorded and used for formation evaluation, especially for clay content.
Finally, the new technique has been proven as a good risk mitigation / elimination for future operations.
Disposal Wells Stimulation; Unique Challenges and Innovative Solutions (A Success Story)
Authors: Al-Hajri Nasser M. , Al-Subaie Fehead M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Waste water disposal wells have a set of unique challenges that accompany their respective stimulation treatments. Those challenges are mainly attributed to the sub optimal quality of the disposed water compared to typical injection water.
A waste water disposal well has abruptly lost the ability to inject water. The subject well has been repeatedly stimulated in recent years. A full system QA/QC of the disposed water at the disposal wells has shown satisfactory results and compliances with environmental standards of water quality except for this well that ceased to inject. Well-A flowed back dead oil and exhibited an exceptionally high shut in wellhead pressures compared to offset injectors. To further identify the extent of oil inside the wellbore, a custom tailored gradient survey was conducted with multiple pressure points across the well interval. The gradient survey revealed accumulated oil columns in the upper part of the wellbore that was the main reason for the high wellhead pressure and contributed to the cease of injection.
Moreover, the disposed water has tested incompatible with normal Treatment Approachs that were successfully used in the same field. Different stimulation approaches have been considered to restore and enhance those two disposal wells injectivites. The contemplated treatment designs were plain acid treatment, acid in diesel treatment, chemical diversion, emulsion breaking surfactants, organic solvents, and mechanical diversion.
This paper presents the analytical diagnostic tools used to identify and comprehend the challenges associated with the disposal well in question and investigate probable causes for loss of injectivity using the inflow performance relation (IPR) and the out flow performance relation (OPR). Moreover, based on the findings of the IPR/OPR investigation, the paper would illustrate the best treatment to restore the injectivity of the well and delineate the decision making processes that have led to the successful flow back and stimulation treatment of the two waste water disposal wells using organic solvents and plain acid. Rigorous assessments of chemical treatment elements, treatment deployment methods, and stimulation techniques will all be thoroughly presented in this paper.
Future of Oil Shale Developement in Egypt
Authors: Khaled Mohamed Shafik 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Today, the biggest challenge faces energy sector is to meet rising demand for energy, and depletion of crude oil resources. So, great efforts should be devoted to develop alternative energy resources such as: oil shale. Oil shale is a rock that contains kerogen (an organic matter) that breaks down when heated to yield combustible liquids, gases, and solids. Two Processes are used for producing shale oil: mining followed by surface retorting, and in-situ retorting.
Many studies were conducted on oil shale development in USA and Europe. However, few of them were made on these resources in Middle East. Aims of this study: (1) to measure the best operating condition of Quseir oil shale for surface retorts; (2) to determine the strategic significance of oil shale development in Egypt (economic profit, employment benefits, and socio-ecnomic impacts); and (3) to solve critical issues that can threaten establishment of oil shale projects in Egypt.
I made three groups of experiments to compute the best operating condition for Quseir oil shale: I put oil shale samples in burning furace, and computed loss in weight percent with respect to temperature. Then I put another samples in retort device, and calculated oil produced & API with respect to retorting temperatures. Finally, I measured the best retorting time.
I found that: First, the best operating condition of Quseir oil shale for surface retorts is between 460 - 490 °C for 45 minutes. Second, If Egypt uses in-situ retorting technique for oil shale development in Gabal Duwi, this project: (1) will make an annual profit = 4.8 $billion and total profit = 180 $billion after twenty years, (2) will provide nearly 100,000 jobs, and (3) will stimulate people to settle around Red Sea Region. Third, Egypt can use solar hybrid station for power generation of oil shale projects to reduce emissions of carbondioxide, and desalinate sea water.
Oil shale development in Egypt will drive its economy, and supplement production of crude oil which provides valuable export credits. Using renewable energy resources in power generation will promote the economical and environmentally utilization of oil shale resources in Egypt.
A Practical Tool to Measure ROI (Return on Investment) on any Leadership Programme
Authors: Flahive Tadhg 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to carry out a participant Return on Investment (ROI) on one of ADCO's (Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations) Talent & Capability Management Division's (T&CMD) most important in-house programme – Leading People Performance (LPP). This programme is delivered by instructors from T&CMD. It is run over 2 modules of four days each. The LPP is designed to enhance the skills of managers by focusing on their ability to create and develop high performing teams and enabling these teams to function at optimal capacity. The programme is targeted at people who predominantly engage in people management responsibilities. Typically the participants will have between 5 to 10 years of relevant work experience and less than 5 years of relevant management experience. Participants are at grade 15 – 17 in a management / team leadership role. An overview of the programme can be found in appendix 1.
This study will not only carry out an ROI from Level 1 (reaction) to Level 4 (impact), but will also introduce a Level 5 component (Transfer Climate), which identifies the environmental factors that help or hinder a learner from applying their new knowledge and skills when back on the job.
For the purpose of this study the population comprised of LPP attendees from the last three delivery cohorts i.e. 12, 13 and 14. These programmes ran during 2013 and the first half of 2014. The total number of attendees (participants) was 47.
The Leader's Challenge – Seeing and Understanding Risk in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Coumans Filip 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Injury to an employee is every oil and gas leader's number one fear. The problem is leaders aren't always skilled in safety strategy and risk mitigation to know what to do to prevent an accident. It is common to see a considerable disconnect between operational safety disciplines and how senior executives understand these disciplines. Leaders are consistently met with safety challenges. They realize there are safety issues, but often don't know where or how to get solutions. Often times there are barriers to seeing and understanding risk; leaders focus on lagging indicators to achieve safe performance, resulting in responding to events, rather than anticipating and removing risks. Another barrier is that leaders often have insufficient knowledge and understanding of risk mitigation to ask the right questions, resulting in the inability to act (not knowing there is a risk) or act on the wrong things (having poor or incomplete information).
North Kuwait ESP Real Time Monitoring: A Study Case for Raudhatain Field
Authors: Sumarto Brahmantiyo Aji 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Raudhatain Field North Kuwait is produced with approximately 500 oil wells of which over 200 use Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP). The ESP is used as a production mechanism to supplement the natural reservoir drive of the wells. Downhole monitoring of the ESP system is one of the most important aspects in maximizing ESP performance with the final objective of increasing in ESP run life and maximize oil production.
An old ESP Monitoring system was introduced few years back, however the application and utilization did not fully support the concept of ESP Real Time Monitoring. The new ESP Real Time Monitoring system has been recently introduced to complement the old system. This new system has more significant improvement over the old system. A SCADA system has been utilized to transmit ESP data from well site to the server in the office that allows the engineers to retrieve real time data, monitor the parameters and perform analysis and take necessary actions in the well.
Advances in measurement technology have made ever increasing amounts of real time information available for monitoring both pump and well performance. Parameters such multiple downhole pressure readings, temperature and vibration, well head pressure readings as well as the traditional operating voltages and amperages are not only available, but available in real-time at the engineers desk top. Having all of this data on our desk tops has created an environment that allows the engineer to change for a reactive monitoring approach as problems are identified, to a proactive tool, catching potential issues before they become problematic to the ESP performance. The ability of the new ESP Real Time Monitoring Tool to perform data trending of an ESP for any date or time frame, evaluating either some or all of the critical parameters, has allowed the engineers in Raudhatain field to analyze ESP performance more accurately through trend analysis. This allows an engineer to review well performance in a matter of minutes compared to the hours used in the past. This has helped the engineers in making faster more accurate decisions. This paper will address several examples where ESP real-time monitoring lead to an incremental of 3,000 BOPD production
North Kuwait Raudhatain field will continue the utilization of this ESP Real Time Monitoring system and seek further improvement. This paper will describe the system, share our experiences and show how the system helps in ESP optimization and, thus maximize production.
Initial Water Saturation Calculation through Integrated Methods for 3D Unconventional Reservoir Modeling
Authors: Cui Esther (Xianghua) 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCharacterizing hydrocarbon distribution is one of the most critical and challenging steps, because the initial hydrocarbon saturation determines the original hydrocarbons in place and also subsequent reservoir numerical simulation during the field development stage including history match, production forecast, sensitivity analysis, etc. Accurate hydrocarbon distribution knowledge is vital for optimum reservoir characterization, hydrocarbon exploration and production.For an unconventional reservoir, the distribution of hydrocarbon and water is abnormal and complex compared with a conventional reservoir. The characterization and representation of the reservoir requires a multi-discipline team incorporating geology, geophysics, petrophysics, core analysis, reservoir engineering, etc. to enhance the understanding of reservoir heterogeneity and the target area selected for new development wells during the development phase.