bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Item‐validity analysis of the SED‐S in a multicentre study of adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Hermann Hauke , Witte Annemieke , Kempelmann Gloria , Barrett Brian F. , Zaal Sandra , Vonk Jolanda , Morisse Filip , Pöhlmann Anna , Sterkenburg Paula S. , Sappok Tanja 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundValid and reliable instruments for measuring emotional development are critical for a proper diagnostic assignment in individuals with intellectual disabilities. This exploratory study examined the psychometric properties of the items on the Scale of Emotional Development—Short (SED‐S).MethodThe sample included 612 adults with intellectual disabilities (Mage = 37.35, SDage = 13.27; 59.8% males). Item validity analysis comprising sensitivity and specificity rates and discriminatory power were determined.ResultsThe relative mean frequency of ‘yes’ answers to all 200 items was 29.5%. The mean sensitivity rate was 67.5% and the mean specificity rate was 79.3%. Most items (85.0%) showed good discriminatory power with the adjacent stage(s), especially between SED‐1, SED‐2, SED‐3 and SED‐4. Particularly in SED‐4 some items showed weaknesses in the differentiation between these stages.DiscussionThis study adds to previous validation studies by showing that most SED‐S items have psychometrically sound properties.
Numerical investigation of temperature heterogeneousness during cold chain export: A virtual cold chain approach
Authors: Pattanaik Swati , Jenamani Mamata 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn‐transit quality loss and wastage of perishables, during cold chain export, is a critical issue faced globally. Owing to increasing population, reducing food wastages by enhancing the efficacy of supply chain is imperative to meet the increasing demand. This paper presents a virtual cold chain‐based approach to model quality loss of horticultural produce prior to actual logistics operations. It is a combination of different models for predicting the temperature heterogeneity among the perishables, its related quality decay and remaining shelf‐life. An innovative simulation‐based approach is also presented which predicts the temperature of perishables inside a domain based upon its storage conditions, at a reduced computational expense. The proposed approach is demonstrated for Indian mango cold chain export. The simulation results are validated with an experimental setup, using mangoes and a standard refrigerated (reefer) container. Different metrices shows a RMSE and MAPE of 0.8 K and 10.02%, respectively. The calculated remaining quality is also found to be in accordance with experimental findings. The results report uneven air circulation and hence, heterogeneity in temperature distribution of about 3–4 K after 15 days of sea transport. This induces variations in remaining quality and shelf‐life among the mangoes placed at different locations. The maximum variation in quality is found to be 19% at 25th day of export at a location near the door of the reefer. The export transit time should be less than or equal to 26 days, to avoid spoilage, as it is the minimum shelf life of mangoes inside the container under given conditions.Practical applicationsThis study is concerned with managing the loss in quality and wastage of perishables, during cold chain export. Predicting the storage temperature, prior to actual logistics operations, can aid the decision makers in appropriate planning of export mode so as to minimize the loss and wastage during real export process. A virtual or simulation‐based approach is proposed to analyze the cooling behavior of individual mangoes and hence predict the evolution of its various quality attributes, passing through different stages of the cold chain. To illustrate this approach, a case study of Indian mango export is presented.
Antibiotic use and risk of Clostridioides difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bejcek Alexis , Ancha Anupama , Lewis Megan , Beaver Ryan , Tecson Kristen , Bomar Jaccallene , Johnson Christopher 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) compared with those without IBD, which is worsened with antibiotic usage. While prior studies have shown a correlation between CDI development and certain classes of antibiotics, the IBD population has not been well represented. This study evaluates the rates of CDI with outpatient antibiotic use in patients with IBD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study composed of patients with IBD and compared the incidence of CDI in patients who received an outpatient prescription for antibiotics (6694 patients) against those without prescriptions (6025 patients) from 2014 to 2020 at our institution. We compared CDI rates based on nine antibiotic classes: penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, quinolones, clindamycin, metronidazole, and nitrofurantoin.ResultsThe risk of CDI was low (0.7%) but significantly higher for those with antibiotic exposure (0.9% vs 0.5%, P = 0.005) and had a positive correlation with a smoking history. The increased risk of CDI in the IBD population was attributable to the clindamycin and metronidazole classes (odds ratio = 4.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.9–11.9, P = 0.001; odds ratio = 3.6, 95% confidence interval: 2.1–6.2, P < 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionsThe use of clindamycin or metronidazole prescribed in an outpatient setting was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of CDI in patients with IBD. Although the association between clindamycin and CDI is a well‐established and common finding, the association between metronidazole and CDI is unique in this study.
Older women's perspectives on the ethics of persuasion in doctor‐patient communication
Authors: Schoenborn Nancy L. , Hannum Susan M. , Gollust Sarah E. , Nagler Rebekah H. , Schonberg Mara A. , Pollack Craig E. , Boyd Cynthia M. , Xue Qian‐Li , Beach Mary Catherine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPublic health campaigns have often used persuasive techniques to promote healthy behaviors but the use of persuasion by doctors is controversial. We sought to examine older women's perspectives.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with 20 community‐dwelling older women from the Baltimore metropolitan area. We asked whether participants thought it was ethically appropriate for doctors to try to persuade patients and explored their rationales. We probed about commonly used persuasive techniques and two example decisional contexts—stopping mammograms and moving out of one's house after multiple falls. We used qualitative thematic analysis to code the transcripts and summarized results into major themes.ResultsWe found mixed views on the ethical appropriateness of persuasion (theme 1); supporters of persuasion were motivated by the potential benefit to patients' health, whereas opponents thought patients should be the ultimate decision‐makers. Perspectives depended on the persuasive technique (theme 2), where emotional appeals elicited the most negative reactions while use of facts and patient stories were viewed more positively. Perspectives also varied by the decisional context (theme 3), where higher severity and certainty of harm influenced participants to be more accepting of persuasion. Participants suggested alternative communication approaches to persuasion (theme 4) that emphasized respect for patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the type of persuasive technique and the decisional context are important considerations in the ethical debate around the use of persuasion. Limiting the use of persuasion to high‐stakes decisions and using facts and patient stories rather than emotional appeals are likely more acceptable.
Feasibility and findings of electrocardiogram recording in older adults with intellectual disabilities: results of the Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disabilities study
Authors: de Leeuw M. J. , Böhmer M. N. , Leening M. J. G. , Kors J. A. , Bindels P. J. E. , Oppewal A. , Maes‐Festen D. A. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) have a high risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). At the same time, challenging diagnostic work‐up increases the likelihood of underdiagnosis of CVD in this population. To limit this underdiagnosis, it would be beneficial to use objective measures such as the electrocardiogram (ECG). However, little is known about the feasibility of ECG recording and the prevalence of ECG abnormalities in this population. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the feasibility of resting ECG recording, to study the prevalence of ECG abnormalities, and to compare the frequency of ECG abnormalities with medical records in older adults with ID.MethodA cross‐sectional study was performed within a cohort of older adults (≥60 years) with ID as part of the Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disabilities (HA‐ID) study. A resting 12‐lead ECG was attempted, and the ECG recording was considered feasible if the recording could be made and if the ECG could be interpreted by a cardiologist and the Modular ECG Analysis System (MEANS). ECGs were assessed for the presence of ECG abnormalities and medical record review was performed. If the cardiologist or MEANS concluded that there was evidence of myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation or QTc prolongation on the ECG in the absence of this ECG diagnosis in the participant's medical record, this was classified as a previously undiagnosed ECG diagnosis.ResultsECG recording was feasible in 134 of the 200 participants (67.0%). Of these 134 participants (70.6 ± 5.8 years; 52.2% female), 103 (76.9%) had one or more ECG abnormality, with the most prevalent being prolonged P‐wave duration (27.6%), QTc prolongation (18.7%), minor T‐wave abnormalities (17.9%), first degree atrioventricular block (12.7%) and myocardial infarction (6.7%). Eight out of 9 (88.9%) myocardial infarctions and all cases of (significant) QTc prolongation (100%) were previously undiagnosed.ConclusionsThis study showed that ECG recording is feasible in the majority of older adults with ID and revealed a substantial underdiagnosis of ECG abnormalities. These results stress the importance of ECG recording and warrant further research into the yield of opportunistic ECG screening in older adults with ID.
The relationships among factors affecting compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burnout in Japanese nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kishimoto Kumiko , Asano Kenichi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the relationships among factors affecting compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in Japanese nurses, focusing on self‐compassion, fears of compassion, and attachment styles.MethodsThis cross‐sectional observational study enrolled 400 clinical nurses (aged ≥20 years) in Japan, registered with an online survey company, from June 6 to June 26, 2021. The subjects completed a web‐based questionnaire that assessed compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress, burnout, compassion satisfaction, self‐compassion, fears of compassion for self, anxiety, and avoidance. Additionally, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and path analysis were performed to examine the relationships among the influencing factors.ResultsCompassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress was influenced by anxiety and fears of compassion for self (R2 = .31). Burnout was affected by compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress, compassion satisfaction, self‐compassion, anxiety, and avoidance (R2 = .63). Compassion satisfaction was impacted by self‐compassion, anxiety, and fears of compassion for self (R2 = .31). Additionally, self‐compassion (R2 = .28) and fears of compassion for self (R2 = .55) were influenced by anxiety and avoidance.ConclusionsCompassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress leads to burnout, whereas compassion satisfaction moderates burnout. Furthermore, there were associations among the factors leading to compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress and burnout and compassion satisfaction. Therefore, an approach that enhances self‐compassion and promotes the development of a stable attachment style could mitigate compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress and fears of compassion for self while moderately maintaining and improving compassion satisfaction.
FTO gene polymorphism and susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Chuanhua , Yu Jiali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the correlation between Fat mass and objectivity associated gene (FTO) rs9939609 polymorphism and susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome.MethodsCase–control studies on the relationship between FTO rs9939609 A/T polymorphism and PCOS were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. STATA 12.0 software was conducted for Meta‐analysis.ResultsNine case–control studies were included, including 1410 cases in PCOS group and 1223 cases in healthy control group. The results of meta‐analysis showed that FTO rs9939609 gene polymorphism was associated with PCOS susceptibility, and the risk of developing PCOS was 1.19 times higher for T alleles carriers than for A alleles carriers, and some similar associations were observed in Asian populations.ConclusionsIn summary, FTO rs9939609 gene polymorphism is significantly associated with PCOS susceptibility, especially in Asian populations.
Understanding nurses' perceptions of sexual health and function in people requiring haemodialysis
Authors: Mckie Amanda L. , Saito Amornrat , Green Theresa , Bonner Ann 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSexual dysfunction is common for adults receiving chronic haemodialysis; however, renal nurses seldom discuss this topic with patients.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify renal nurses' attitudes towards providing sexual healthcare and to determine their confidence in discussing sexual dysfunction with adults who are receiving haemodialysis.DesignAn online cross‐sectional study.ParticipantsRenal nurses across Australia and New Zealand (n = 65) who were members of the Renal Society of Australasia provided direct care to adults receiving haemodialysis.MeasurementsTwo questionnaires measuring (1) the frequency of sexual health discussions, levels of knowledge and competence, barriers to discussing sexual dysfunction and views on accountability (Van Ek survey) and (2) communication, practical knowledge, and attitude (sexual health educator for professionals scale) were used. Demographic characteristics were also collected.ResultsMost participants were females (60%) with postgraduate qualifications (61.4%). The average nephrology nursing experience was 13.10 ± 9.14 years. Most renal nurses identified as having positive attitudes (77.2%) about providing sexual healthcare and were confident in communicating with patients about sexual concerns (42.9%), although many nurses (64.35%) rarely did so. Less than one‐half (48.6%) indicated feeling competent to discuss sexual dysfunction, and less than one‐third (30%) had sufficient knowledge about sexual dysfunction. Barriers were lack of practical training (74.2%) and insufficient time (57.1%). Younger nurses (≤45 years old) and male nurses were significantly more confident in discussing sexual health matters.ConclusionsOverall, renal nurses had positive attitudes towards discussing sexual health concerns with patients however they rarely did so.
Rheological, textural, and swallowing characteristics of xanthan gum‐modified Riceberry porridge for patients with dysphagia
Authors: Charoensri Pakanun , Aspinall Sam , Liu Fang , Kijroongrojana Kongkarn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe incidence and prevalence of dysphagia worldwide are increasing yearly requiring a change in food texture to avoid malnutrition, dehydration, or sever complications. Riceberry porridges fortified with protein hydrolysate (1.5%), bio‐calcium (589 mg), and thickened with xanthan gum (XG) of varying concentrations (0%, 0.255, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) showed suitability for use in enriching diets of these patients. Porridges were examined using specified tests from the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) and National Dysphagia Diet (NDD), and coupled with rheological, textural analyses, in vitro swallowing simulator and sensory analysis performed by a trained panel. Porridges with 0%–0.25% and 0.50%–2.0% XG were classified as IDDSI level 3 and 4, respectively, and apparent viscosities of porridges showed samples with XG displayed shear thinning behavior beneficial for patients with dysphagia. Increasing XG concentrations increased the consistency coefficient and decreased the flow behavior index (p < .05) with positive correlation of XG concentration with textural properties including firmness, consistency, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and stickiness values. The relationship between instrumental measurements, in vitro and in vivo swallowing behavior showed high correlations with regards to XG concentration (r = .995). The findings indicate Riceberry porridges containing XG have significantly improved textural properties over those without XG for patients with dysphagia.
Epidemiology, Treatment Patterns and Survival in Canadian Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B‐Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sachar Y. , Congly S. E. , Burak K. W. , Manko A. , Ko H. H. , Ramji A. , Rahman H. S. , Talia J. , Jeyaparan J. , Wong D. W. , Fung S. , Cooper C. , Kelly E. M. , Ma M. M. , Bailey R. , Minuk G. , Wong A. , Doucette K. , Elkashab M. , Sebastiani G. , Wong P. , Coffin C. S. , Brahmania M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTChronic hepatitis B (CHB) is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) globally. We described and evaluated the outcomes of patients with CHB‐HCC in Canada. In this retrospective cross‐sectional cohort study, data were analysed from CHB mono‐infected subjects seen between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2022, and entered the Canadian Hepatitis B Network Registry. Descriptive analysis and chi‐squared modelling were used to compare cohorts, followed by multivariable survival analysis regarding survival post‐diagnosis. Statistical analyses were completed in R version 2.2. Of the 6711 patients with CHB who met inclusion criteria, 232 (3.5%) developed HCC. Compared with the CHB cohort, the majority of CHB‐HCC cohort were male, SEA and HBeAg negative and born in endemic area (80% vs. 56%, 73% vs. 55%, 84% vs. 54%, 64% vs. 40% and all p < 0001). Overall, median HBV DNA level was log 2.54 (IQR: 0–4.04). Advanced liver disease, defined as minimum Fibrosis stage F3, was seen in 9.4% of overall cohort, but 92% of HCC cohort. At diagnosis, median tumour size was 2.5 cm (IQR: 1.7–4.0) and mean tumour number was 1.33 (SD: 1.33), with 81% of patients BCLC 0‐A. Fifty‐three per cent of patients were diagnosed with HCC as part of surveillance protocols. The survival rate after HCC diagnosis was 78.7%, during the median follow‐up of 52.9 months (IQR: 17–90). In multivariable analysis, survival was significantly correlated with diagnosis through the screening programme. In this large cohort of patients with CHB‐HCC, the majority of patients were detected with early‐stage HCC and received treatment with curative intent, resulting in strong survival rates.
Divergent responses of alpine bryophytes and lichens to climate change in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Mayo de la Iglesia Rut , Miserere Luca , Vust Mathias , Theurillat Jean‐Paul , Randin Christophe , Vittoz Pascal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuestionsThe alpine vegetation of the Alps is particularly vulnerable to climate change, as the temperature increase in this region is twice the global average and the available area for new colonisations decreases with increasing elevation. While numerous studies have investigated the response of vascular plants to a warming climate in the alpine belt, only a handful have investigated that of cryptogams in the European Alps. Based on a 21‐year monitoring project, we assessed the effects of climate change on cryptogams along elevation, from the treeline to the subnival belt.LocationFour GLORIA summits in Valais (Switzerland).MethodsBetween 2001 and 2022, terricolous lichens and bryophytes (from 2008) were inventoried in 52 1‐m2 plots distributed across four summits: 2360 m a.s.l. (treeline), 2550 m (lower alpine), 2990 m (upper alpine) and 3210 m (subnival). Changes in species cover and richness were analysed using generalised linear mixed‐effects model (GLMMs).ResultsFor bryophytes, total cover remained stable overall. However, six species declined significantly between 2008 and 2022, and the species richness decreased after 2015. For terricolous lichens, total cover significantly increased on the lower alpine summit, while species richness increased on the upper alpine and subnival summits.ConclusionsBryophytes have probably suffered from the increasingly dry conditions, with a succession of very warm and dry summers over the last decades. Terricolous lichens have taken advantage of the warmer conditions to increase their cover on the lower alpine summit, and new species have colonised the upper summits. However, as they compete with vascular plants for soil and light, they may suffer from shrub and tree encroachment in the future and will be limited upwards by the rarity of developed soils. The large topo‐climatic gradient (850 m) and the length of the time series suggest that similar trends are likely to be more widespread across the Alps.
Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) as an Independent Predictor of 3‐Year Postoperative Mortality in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture: A Post hoc Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Yimin , Liu Gang , Zhang Jing , Ge Yufeng , Tan Zhelun , Peng Weidong , Gao Feng , Tu Chao , Tian Maoyi , Yang Minghui , Wu Xinbao 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThe prognostic nutritional index (PNI) has been reported as a significant predictor in various diseases. However, the prognostic value of the PNI in geriatric hip fracture patients has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study aimed to investigate the association between admission PNI and 3‐year mortality in those patients.MethodsIn this post hoc analysis, we included patients aged ≥65 years who underwent surgery for hip fracture between 2018 and 2019. The admission PNI was calculated as serum albumin (g/L) +5 × total lymphocyte count (×109/L). Patients were categorized into four groups based on PNI quartiles (≤ 43.55, 43.55–46.55, 46.55–49.20, and >49.20, respectively). The median follow‐up duration was 3.1 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was conducted for using PNI to predict mortality.ResultsOf the 942 eligible patients, 190 (20.2%) patients died during the follow‐up. Compared to patients in the first quartile (Q1), those in the second (Q2), third (Q3), and fourth (Q4) quartiles had significantly lower mortality risks (HRs 0.50, 95% CI 0.35–0.74; 0.41, 95% CI 0.26–0.64; and 0.26, 95% CI 0.15–0.45, respectively). The optimal cutoff of PNI for predicting mortality was set as 45.275 (sensitivity, 0.674; specificity, 0.692; area under the curve (AUC), 0.727). Patients with higher PNI (>45.275) had a significant lower mortality risk (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.28–0.55) compared to those with lower PNI (≤ 45.275).ConclusionPNI is a reliable and independent predictor of 3‐year mortality after hip fracture surgery in the elderly.