bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sperm DNA fragmentation assay by sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD): correlation between DNA fragmentation and outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Authors: Sivanarayana T. , Ravi Krishna Ch. , Jaya Prakash G. , Krishna K. M. , Madan K. , Sudhakar G. , Rama Raju G. A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation index (sDFI) and outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).MethodsAll the patients were divided into two groups based on sperm DNA fragmentation analysis by the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) method. A total of 237 patients were in the DNA fragmentation normal group (sDFI ≤ 30 %), and 140 patients were in the DNA fragmentation abnormal group (sDFI ≥ 30 %). The relationship of sDFI with the outcome of ICSI was analyzed.ResultsA significant difference in semen parameters was observed between the DNA fragmentation normal and abnormal groups [count, motility and morphology (p < 0.05)]. However, no significant difference was seen between the number of oocytes retrieved and fertilization rates between the two groups, whereas the number of embryos progressed to day 3 and the blastocyst formation rate in the remaining embryos after transfer were significantly more in the DNA fragmentation normal group (p < 0.05). A significant negative correlation was noted between DFI values of more than 30 % and number of pregnancies and deliveries (p < 0.05). A higher DFI was also associated with increased abortion rates.ConclusionsIn the present study, sperm with DNA fragmentation showed a negative correlation with semen parameters. Further, sperm with damaged DNA have potential adverse effects on embryo progression, clinical pregnancy rate, and ongoing pregnancies.
Optimal treatment of hypothyroidism associated with live birth in cases of previous recurrent placental abruption and stillbirth
Authors: Vanes Neil K. , Charlesworth Dorreh , Imtiaz Rabia , Cox Philip , Kilby Mark D. , Chan Shiao Y. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the clinical management of and placentas from pregnant women with hypothyroidism and obstetric history of recurrent stillbirth in order to identify possible etiologic mechanisms.MethodsTwo cases involving 26‐year‐old women with hypothyroidism and history of recurrent stillbirth are reported. Placentas from all of the women's pregnancies were compared in order to identify histologic similarities.ResultsIn both cases, multifocal hemorrhagic infarctions and abruptions were seen, indicating progressive uteroplacental ischemic damage leading to stillbirth. Thrombophilia, infection, and diabetes tests were all negative. With meticulous monitoring and normalization of thyroid function by end of first/early second trimester in subsequent pregnancies, there were live births and no evidence of infarction on placental histology.ConclusionThe 2 reported cases raise the possibility of uteroplacental ischemia and placental abruption being mechanisms by which hypothyroidism can lead to stillbirth; they also highlight the potential of minimizing this risk via adequate levothyroxine treatment from early pregnancy.
Persistent abdominal pain over uterine scar during labor as a predictor of delivery complications
Authors: Cohen Aviad , Cohen Yoni , Laskov Ido , Maslovitz Sharon , Lessing Joseph B. , Many Ariel 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the significance of persistent lower abdominal pain in women with previous cesarean delivery.MethodsVarious maternal outcomes were compared between women who underwent repeated cesareans owing to persistent lower abdominal pain (study group) and women who underwent repeated cesareans without persistent abdominal pain (control group).ResultsThe incidence of uterine rupture was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (8/81 [9.9%] vs 0/119 [0.0%]; P < 0.001). While all women with persistent lower abdominal pain and uterine rupture had an additional sign or symptom, only 6/73 (8.2%) women with persistent abdominal pain without uterine rupture had any additional symptoms (P < 0.001). There was no difference in incidence of uterine scar dehiscence between the groups. However, the hospitalization period was significantly longer in the study group (4 vs 3.7 days; P < 0.05). Trial of labor was a contributing factor to uterine rupture.ConclusionIsolated persistent lower abdominal pain in women with previous cesarean is a poor indicator of uterine rupture. However, the positive predictive value for uterine rupture is 57% when an additional sign or symptom is present. Dehiscence of the uterine scar is relatively common and it is not associated with persistent abdominal pain.
New WHO recommendations on prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Tunçalp Özge , Souza João Paulo , Gülmezoglu Metin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractImproving health care for women during childbirth in order to prevent and treat postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is an essential step toward achieving Millennium Development Goal 5. In March 2012, WHO held a Technical Consultation on the Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Haemorrhage to review current evidence and to update previously published PPH guidelines. The present paper provides an overview of the most recent WHO guidelines for both prevention and treatment of PPH, with an emphasis on the key messages and changes.
Employee Perception of a Mandated Helmet Policy at Vail Resorts
Authors: Davis Christopher B. , Brownson Mark R. , Levy Brent J. , Valley Morgan A. , Evans Bruce , Lowenstein Steven R. 
Published: August 2013

Objective The purpose of this study was to measure support for a mandated helmet policy among resort employees along with the impact of such a policy on job satisfaction, and additionally, to measure the prevalence of barriers to helmet use among this population. Methods In all, 728 Vail Resort employees were surveyed regarding their opinions on the helmet policy and on general helmet use. Results The majority of the 728 employees surveyed (66.5%; 95% CI: 63% to 70%) agreed with the helmet policy. Only 18% (95% CI: 16% to 21%) reported a negative effect on job satisfaction. Older employees (>25 years old) were more likely to disagree with the policy (odds ratio [OR] 3.1; 95% CI: 2.2 to 4.3) and report a negative effect on job satisfaction (OR 4.8; 95% CI: 3.0 to 7.6). Skiers were much more likely than snowboarders to report a negative effect on job satisfaction (OR 9.8; 95% CI: 5.2 to 18.1). Among resort employees, ski patrollers were more likely to disagree with the mandate (OR 9.8; 95% CI: 6.8 to 13.9) and report a negative effect on job satisfaction (OR 13.2; 95% CI: 8.3 to 21.). Forty-three percent of participants (95% CI: 39% to 46%) agreed with the statement that wearing a helmet encourages reckless behavior whereas 51.0% (95% CI: 47% to 54%) believed that wearing a helmet limits sensory perception. Conclusions A mandatory helmet use policy was supported by most resort employees. However, ski patrollers and older, more experienced employees were more likely to report a negative effect on job satisfaction. Barriers to helmet use continue to persist in the ski industry and represent a target for further educational efforts.
Production Incentives from Static Decoupling: Land Use Exclusion Restrictions
Authors: Just David R. , Kropp Jaclyn D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMany agricultural support payments are based on past production with restrictions on how land may currently be used. When support payments to field crops are analyzed in a static framework, they do not directly impact current production decisions. However, over time, as relative profits change, these payments affect current output. The payments may keep land in less profitable production of program crops through restrictions prohibiting potentially more profitable endeavors such as cultivating fruits and vegetables. These payments have the potential to lead to production and trade distortions similar in magnitude to the distortions associated with direct production subsidies.
TALENoffer: genome-wide TALEN off-target prediction
Authors: Grau Jan , Boch Jens , Posch Stefan 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Summary: Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) have become an accepted tool for targeted mutagenesis, but undesired off-targets remain an important issue. We present TALENoffer, a novel tool for the genome-wide prediction of TALEN off-targets. We show that TALENoffer successfully predicts known off-targets of engineered TALENs and yields a competitive runtime, scanning complete mammalian genomes within a few minutes.
Availability: TALENoffer is available as a command line program from http://www.jstacs.de/index.php/TALENoffer and as a Galaxy server at http://galaxy.informatik.uni-halle.de.
Contact: grau@informatik.uni-halle.de
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A local-order regularization for geophysical inverse problems
Authors: Gheymasi H. Mohammadi , Gholami A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Different types of regularization have been developed to obtain stable solutions to linear inverse problems. Among these, total variation (TV) is known as an edge preserver method, which leads to piecewise constant solutions and has received much attention for solving inverse problems arising in geophysical studies. However, the method shows staircase effects and is not suitable for the models including smooth regions. To overcome the staircase effect, we present a method, which employs a local-order difference operator in the regularization term. This method is performed in two steps: First, we apply a pre-processing step to find the edge locations in the regularized solution using a properly defined minmod limiter, where the edges are determined by a comparison of the solutions obtained using different order regularizations of the TV types. Then, we construct a local-order difference operator based on the information obtained from the pre-processing step about the edge locations, which is subsequently used as a regularization operator in the final sparsity-promoting regularization. Experimental results from the synthetic and real seismic traveltime tomography show that the proposed inversion method is able to retain the smooth regions of the regularized solution, while preserving sharp transitions presented in it.
Large pre-inflationary thermal density perturbations
Authors: Lieu Richard , Kibble T. W. B. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In some versions of the theory of inflation, it is assumed that before inflation began the universe was in a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker stage, with the energy density dominated by massless particles. The origin of the nearly scale-invariant density perturbations is quantum fluctuations in the inflaton field. Here we point out that under those conditions there would necessarily also be large thermally induced density perturbations. It is asserted that inflation would smooth out any pre-existing perturbations. However, that argument relies on linear perturbation theory of the scalar modes, which would be rendered invalid because of the non-negligibility of the vector and tensor modes when the perturbation in the total density becomes large. Under those circumstances, the original proof that inflation would have the desired smoothing effect no longer applies, i.e. for the theory to be robust an alternative (and hitherto unavailable) demonstration of the smoothing that takes account of these non-linear terms is necessary.
The Chelyabinsk superbolide: a fragment of asteroid 2011 EO40?
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos C. , de la Fuente Marcos R. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Bright fireballs or bolides are caused by meteoroids entering the Earth's atmosphere at high speed. Some have a cometary origin, a few may have originated within the Venus–Earth–Mars region as a result of massive impacts in the remote past but a relevant fraction is likely the result of the break-up of asteroids. Disrupted asteroids produce clusters of fragments or asteroid families and meteoroid streams. Linking a bolide to a certain asteroid family may help to understand its origin and pre-impact dynamical evolution. On 2013 February 15, a superbolide was observed in the skies near Chelyabinsk, Russia. Such a meteor could be the result of the decay of an asteroid and here we explore this possibility applying a multistep approach. First, we use available data and Monte Carlo optimization (validated using 2008 TC3 as template) to obtain a robust solution for the pre-impact orbit of the Chelyabinsk impactor (a = 1.62 au, e = 0.53, i = 3 $_{.}^{\circ}$82, Ω = 326 $_{.}^{\circ}$41 and ω = 109 $_{.}^{\circ}$44). Then, we use this most probable orbit and numerical analysis to single out candidates for membership in, what we call, the Chelyabinsk asteroid family. Finally, we perform N-body simulations to either confirm or reject any dynamical connection between candidates and impactor. We find reliable statistical evidence on the existence of the Chelyabinsk cluster. It appears to include multiple small asteroids and two relatively large members: 2007 BD7 and 2011 EO40. The most probable parent body for the Chelyabinsk superbolide is 2011 EO40. The orbits of these objects are quite perturbed as they experience close encounters not only with the Earth–Moon system but also with Venus, Mars and Ceres. Under such conditions, the cluster cannot be older than about 20–40 kyr.
Detection of water absorption in the day side atmosphere of HD 189733 b using ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy at 3.2 μm
Authors: Birkby J. L. , de Kok R. J. , Brogi M. , de Mooij E. J. W. , Schwarz H. , Albrecht S. , Snellen I. A. G. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
We report a 4.8σ detection of water absorption features in the day side spectrum of the hot Jupiter HD 189733 b. We used high-resolution (R ∼ 100 000) spectra taken at 3.2 μm with CRIRES on the VLT to trace the radial-velocity shift of the water features in the planet's day side atmosphere during 5 h of its 2.2 d orbit as it approached secondary eclipse. Despite considerable telluric contamination in this wavelength regime, we detect the signal within our uncertainties at the expected combination of systemic velocity ($V_{\rm sys}=-3^{+5}_{-6}$ km s−1) and planet orbital velocity ($K_{\rm p}=154^{+14}_{-10}$ km s−1), and determine a H2O line contrast ratio of (1.3 ± 0.2) × 10−3 with respect to the stellar continuum. We find no evidence of significant absorption or emission from other carbon-bearing molecules, such as methane, although we do note a marginal increase in the significance of our detection to 5.1σ with the inclusion of carbon dioxide in our template spectrum. This result demonstrates that ground-based, high-resolution spectroscopy is suited to finding not just simple molecules like CO, but also to more complex molecules like H2O even in highly telluric contaminated regions of the Earth's transmission spectrum. It is a powerful tool that can be used for conducting an immediate census of the carbon- and oxygen-bearing molecules in the atmospheres of giant planets, and will potentially allow the formation and migration history of these planets to be constrained by the measurement of their atmospheric C/O ratios.
Comptonization of photons near the photosphere of relativistic outflows
Authors: Aksenov A. G. , Ruffini R. , Vereshchagin G. V. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
We consider the formation of photon spectrum at the photosphere of ultrarelativistically expanding outflow. We use the Fokker–Planck approximation to the Boltzmann equation, and obtain the generalized Kompaneets equation which takes into account anisotropic distribution of photons developed near the photosphere. This equation is solved numerically for relativistic steady wind and the observed spectrum is found in agreement with previous studies. We also study the photospheric emission for different temperature dependences on radius in such outflows. In particular, we found that for T ∝ r−2 the Band low-energy photon index of the observed spectrum is α ≃ −1, as typically observed in Gamma-Ray Bursts.
Integration of Biosynthesis and Long-Distance Transport Establish Organ-Specific Glucosinolate Profiles in VegetativeArabidopsis
Authors: Andersen Tonni Grube , Nour-Eldin Hussam Hassan , Fuller Victoria Louise , Olsen Carl Erik , Burow Meike , Halkier Barbara Ann 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlthough it is essential for plant survival to synthesize and transport defense compounds, little is known about the coordination of these processes. Here, we investigate the above- and belowground source-sink relationship of the defense compounds glucosinolates in vegetative Arabidopsis thaliana. In vivo feeding experiments demonstrate that the glucosinolate transporters1 and 2 (GTR1 and GTR2), which are essential for accumulation of glucosinolates in seeds, are likely to also be involved in bidirectional distribution of glucosinolates between the roots and rosettes, indicating phloem and xylem as their transport pathways. Grafting of wild-type, biosynthetic, and transport mutants show that both the rosette and roots are able to synthesize aliphatic and indole glucosinolates. While rosettes constitute the major source and storage site for short-chained aliphatic glucosinolates, long-chained aliphatic glucosinolates are synthesized both in roots and rosettes with roots as the major storage site. Our grafting experiments thus indicate that in vegetative Arabidopsis, GTR1 and GTR2 are involved in bidirectional long-distance transport of aliphatic but not indole glucosinolates. Our data further suggest that the distinct rosette and root glucosinolate profiles in Arabidopsis are shaped by long-distance transport and spatially separated biosynthesis, suggesting that integration of these processes is critical for plant fitness in complex natural environments.
Cytochrome b5 Reductase Encoded byCBR1Is Essential for a Functional Male Gametophyte inArabidopsis
Authors: Wayne Laura L. , Wallis James G. , Kumar Rajesh , Markham Jennifer E. , Browse John 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn all eukaryotes, NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase provides electrons, via cytochrome b5, for a range of biochemical reactions in cellular metabolism, including for fatty acid desaturation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Studies in mammals, yeast, and in vitro plant systems have shown that cytochrome b5 can, at least in some circumstances, also accept electrons from NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase, potentially allowing for redundancy in reductase function. Here, we report characterization of three T-DNA insertional mutants of the gene encoding cytochrome b5 reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana, CBR1. The progeny of plants heterozygous for the cbr1-2 allele segregated 6% homozygous mutants, while cbr1-3 and cbr1-4 heterozygotes segregated 1:1 heterozygous:wild type, indicating a gametophyte defect. Homozygous cbr1-2 seeds were deformed and required Suc for successful germination and seedling establishment. Vegetative growth of cbr1-2 plants was relatively normal, and they produced abundant flowers, but very few seeds. The pollen produced in cbr1-2 anthers was viable, but when germinated on cbr1-2 or wild-type stigmas, most of the resulting pollen tubes did not extend into the transmitting tract, resulting in a very low frequency of fertilization. These results indicate that cytochrome b5 reductase is not essential during vegetative growth but is required for correct pollen function and seed maturation.
Pragmatic language difficulties in children with hyperactivity and attention problems: an integrated review
Authors: Green Benita C. , Johnson Katherine A. , Bretherton Lesley 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest a range of difficulties in the pragmatic aspects of language, including excessive talking and interrupting others. Such difficulties have been periodically reported over several decades in studies on the language abilities of children with features of ADHD, yet a comprehensive review of the literature has been lacking.AimsThis review aims to integrate evidence from several lines of research from 1979 to the present on pragmatic language difficulties in children with ADHD or symptoms of ADHD.Methods & ProceduresA comprehensive search of empirical literature on pragmatic language in children with ADHD or symptoms of ADHD was conducted using PsycINFO and PubMed databases and through following up relevant references cited in articles. Literature was reviewed with respect to the nature and extent of pragmatic language difficulties in ADHD.Outcomes & ResultsThirty studies met the review inclusion criteria, including recent questionnaire studies, observational studies of children's communication patterns, and studies of higher‐level language comprehension and production. The studies indicate a consistent profile of pragmatic language impairments in children with features of ADHD, particularly in the areas of excessive talking, poor conversational turn‐taking, and lack of coherence and organization in elicited speech.Conclusions & ImplicationsPragmatic language difficulties are common in children with features of ADHD. These difficulties are consistent with deficits in executive function that are thought to characterize ADHD, thus providing some support for the theory that executive function contributes to pragmatic language competency. As yet there is very little empirical evidence of specific relationships between particular aspects of pragmatic language and particular domains of executive function. Given the importance of pragmatic language competency for children's social and academic functioning, pragmatic language abilities should be considered during clinical assessment for ADHD and targeted for intervention.
SNP development from RNA‐seq data in a nonmodel fish: how many individuals are needed for accurate allele frequency prediction?
Authors: Schunter C. , Garza J. C. , Macpherson E. , Pascual M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are rapidly becoming the marker of choice in population genetics due to a variety of advantages relative to other markers, including higher genomic density, data quality, reproducibility and genotyping efficiency, as well as ease of portability between laboratories. Advances in sequencing technology and methodologies to reduce genomic representation have made the isolation of SNPs feasible for nonmodel organisms. RNA‐seq is one such technique for the discovery of SNPs and development of markers for large‐scale genotyping. Here, we report the development of 192 validated SNP markers for parentage analysis in Tripterygion delaisi (the black‐faced blenny), a small rocky‐shore fish from the Mediterranean Sea. RNA‐seq data for 15 individual samples were used for SNP discovery by applying a series of selection criteria. Genotypes were then collected from 1599 individuals from the same population with the resulting loci. Differences in heterozygosity and allele frequencies were found between the two data sets. Heterozygosity was lower, on average, in the population sample, and the mean difference between the frequencies of particular alleles in the two data sets was 0.135 ± 0.100. We used bootstrap resampling of the sequence data to predict appropriate sample sizes for SNP discovery. As cDNA library production is time‐consuming and expensive, we suggest that using seven individuals for RNA sequencing reduces the probability of discarding highly informative SNP loci, due to lack of observed polymorphism, whereas use of more than 12 samples does not considerably improve prediction of true allele frequencies.