bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing the evolutionary origins of insect renal function
Authors: Halberg Kenneth A. , Terhzaz Selim , Cabrero Pablo , Davies Shireen A. , Dow Julian A. T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractKnowledge on neuropeptide receptor systems is integral to understanding animal physiology. Yet, obtaining general insight into neuropeptide signalling in a clade as biodiverse as the insects is problematic. Here we apply fluorescent analogues of three key insect neuropeptides to map renal tissue architecture across systematically chosen representatives of the major insect Orders, to provide an unprecedented overview of insect renal function and control. In endopterygote insects, such as Drosophila, two distinct transporting cell types receive separate neuropeptide signals, whereas in the ancestral exopterygotes, a single, general cell type mediates all signals. Intriguingly, the largest insect Order Coleoptera (beetles) has evolved a unique approach, in which only a small fraction of cells are targets for neuropeptide action. In addition to demonstrating a universal utility of this technology, our results reveal not only a generality of signalling by the evolutionarily ancient neuropeptide families but also a clear functional separation of the types of cells that mediate the signal.
Interactions between horizontally acquired genes create a fitness cost in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: San Millan Alvaro , Toll-Riera Macarena , Qi Qin , MacLean R. Craig 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHorizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays a key role in bacterial evolution, especially with respect to antibiotic resistance. Fitness costs associated with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are thought to constrain HGT, but our understanding of these costs remains fragmentary, making it difficult to predict the success of HGT events. Here we use the interaction betweenP. aeruginosaand a costly plasmid (pNUK73) to investigate the molecular basis of the cost of HGT. Using RNA-Seq, we show that the acquisition of pNUK73 results in a profound alteration of the transcriptional profile of chromosomal genes. Mutations that inactivate two genes encoded on chromosomally integrated MGEs recover these fitness costs and transcriptional changes by decreasing the expression of the pNUK73 replication gene. Our study demonstrates that interactions between MGEs can compromise bacterial fitness via altered gene expression, and we argue that conflicts between mobile elements impose a general constraint on evolution by HGT.
Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment for temporal investigation of single-electron fractionalization
Authors: Freulon V. , Marguerite A. , Berroir J.-M. , Plaçais B. , Cavanna A. , Jin Y. , Fève G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCoulomb interaction has a striking effect on electronic propagation in one-dimensional conductors. The interaction of an elementary excitation with neighbouring conductors favours the emergence of collective modes, which eventually leads to the destruction of the Landau quasiparticle. In this process, an injected electron tends to fractionalize into separated pulses carrying a fraction of the electron charge. Here we use two-particle interferences in the electronic analogue of the Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment in a quantum Hall conductor at filling factor 2 to probe the fate of a single electron emitted in the outer edge channel and interacting with the inner one. By studying both channels, we analyse the propagation of the single electron and the generation of interaction-induced collective excitations in the inner channel. These complementary pieces of information reveal the fractionalization process in the time domain and establish its relevance for the destruction of the quasiparticle, which degrades into the collective modes.
Synthesis of tetrasubstituted 1-silyloxy-3-aminobutadienes and chemistry beyond Diels–Alder reactions
Authors: Li Xijian , Peng Siyu , Li Li , Huang Yong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractElectron-rich dienes have revolutionized the synthesis of complex compounds since the discovery of the legendary Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction. This highly efficient bond-forming process has served as a fundamental strategy to assemble many structurally formidable molecules. Amino silyloxy butadienes are arguably the most reactive diene species that are isolable and bottleable. Since the pioneering discovery by Rawal, 1-amino-3-silyloxybutadienes have been found to undergo cycloaddition reactions with unparalleled mildness, leading to significant advances in both asymmetric catalysis and total synthesis of biologically active natural products. In sharp contrast, this class of highly electron-rich conjugated olefins has not been studied in non-cycloaddition reactions. Here we report a simple synthesis of tetrasubstituted 1-silyloxy-3-aminobutadienes, a complementarily substituted Rawal’s diene. This family of molecules is found to undergo a series of intriguing chemical transformations orthogonal to cycloaddition reactions. Structurally diverse polysubstituted ring architectures are established in one step from these dienes.
Diverse synaptic plasticity mechanisms orchestrated to form and retrieve memories in spiking neural networks
Authors: Zenke Friedemann , Agnes Everton J. , Gerstner Wulfram 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSynaptic plasticity, the putative basis of learning and memory formation, manifests in various forms and across different timescales. Here we show that the interaction of Hebbian homosynaptic plasticity with rapid non-Hebbian heterosynaptic plasticity is, when complemented with slower homeostatic changes and consolidation, sufficient for assembly formation and memory recall in a spiking recurrent network model of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. In the model, assemblies were formed during repeated sensory stimulation and characterized by strong recurrent excitatory connections. Even days after formation, and despite ongoing network activity and synaptic plasticity, memories could be recalled through selective delay activity following the brief stimulation of a subset of assembly neurons. Blocking any component of plasticity prevented stable functioning as a memory network. Our modelling results suggest that the diversity of plasticity phenomena in the brain is orchestrated towards achieving common functional goals.
Modelling breast cancer requires identification and correction of a critical cell lineage-dependent transduction bias
Authors: Hines William C. , Yaswen Paul , Bissell Mina J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractClinically relevant human culture models are essential for developing effective therapies and exploring the biology and etiology of human cancers. Current breast tumour models, such as those from oncogenically transformed primary breast cells, produce predominantly basal-like properties, whereas the more common phenotype expressed by the vast majority of breast tumours are luminal. Reasons for this puzzling, yet important phenomenon, are not understood. We show here that luminal epithelial cells are significantly more resistant to viral transduction than their myoepithelial counterparts. We suggest that this is a significant barrier to generating luminal cell lines and experimental tumours in vivo and to accurate interpretation of results. We show that the resistance is due to lower affinity of luminal cells for virus attachment, which can be overcome by pretreating cells—or virus—with neuraminidase. We present an analytical method for quantifying transductional differences between cell types and an optimized protocol for transducing unsorted primary human breast cells in context.
Cell voltage versus electrode potential range in aqueous supercapacitors
Authors: Dai Zengxin , Peng Chuang , Chae Jung Hoon , Ng Kok Chiang , Chen George Z. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSupercapacitors with aqueous electrolytes and nanostructured composite electrodes are attractive because of their high charging-discharging speed, long cycle life, low environmental impact and wide commercial affordability. However, the energy capacity of aqueous supercapacitors is limited by the electrochemical window of water. In this paper, a recently reported engineering strategy is further developed and demonstrated to correlate the maximum charging voltage of a supercapacitor with the capacitive potential ranges and the capacitance ratio of the two electrodes. Beyond the maximum charging voltage, a supercapacitor may still operate, but at the expense of a reduced cycle life. In addition, it is shown that the supercapacitor performance is strongly affected by the initial and zero charge potentials of the electrodes. Further, the differences are highlighted and elaborated between freshly prepared, aged under open circuit conditions and cycled electrodes of composites of conducting polymers and carbon nanotubes. The first voltammetric charging-discharging cycle has an electrode conditioning effect to change the electrodes from their initial potentials to the potential of zero voltage and reduce the irreversibility.
Recombinant Mutated Human TNF in Combination with Chemotherapy for Stage IIIB/IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized, Phase III Study
Authors: Ma Xiaowen , Song Yang , Zhang Kuo , Shang Lei , Gao Yuan , Zhang Wei , Xue Xiaochang , Jia Huimin , Geng Jian , Zhou Wei , Dang Yazheng , Li Enxiao , Ti Xinyu , Fan Fulin , Zhang Yingqi , Li Meng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTumor necrosis factor (TNF), an anti-angiogenic agent in cancer treatment, is limited to isolated limb perfusion due to systemic toxicities. We previously prepared a TNF mutant (rmhTNF) that significantly improved responses in lung cancer patients and exhibited a promising safety profile in phase I and II studies. To further investigate whether rmhTNF with standard chemotherapy provides a survival benefit, 529 patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were randomly assigned to receive docetaxel plus carboplatin/cisplatin with rmhTNF (265) or chemotherapy alone (264). After four cycles of treatment, the median overall survival was 13.7 months in the chemotherapy plus rmhTNF group compared with 10.3 months in the chemotherapy group (hazard ratio (HR) 0.75, P = 0.001). The median progression-free survival in the chemotherapy plus rmhTNF group and the chemotherapy group was 8.6 and 4.5 months (HR 0.76, P = 0.001), respectively, with corresponding response rates of 38.5% and 27.7% (P = 0.008). Increased hyperpyrexia and pulmonary hemorrhage were associated with rmhTNF, but most effects were well tolerated. The results indicated that rmhTNF effectively potentiated chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC and was comparable with bevacizumab, an angiogenesis inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for NSCLC.
Sulfonium Salts as Leaving Groups for Aromatic Labelling of Drug-like Small Molecules with Fluorine-18
Authors: Sander Kerstin , Gendron Thibault , Yiannaki Elena , Cybulska Klaudia , Kalber Tammy L. , Lythgoe Mark F. , Årstad Erik 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) is unique in that it allows quantification of biochemical processes in vivo, but difficulties with preparing suitably labelled radiotracers limit its scientific and diagnostic applications. Aromatic [18F]fluorination of drug-like small molecules is particularly challenging as their functional group compositions often impair the labelling efficiency. Herein, we report a new strategy for incorporation of 18F into highly functionalized aromatic compounds using sulfonium salts as leaving groups. The method is compatible with pharmacologically relevant functional groups, including aliphatic amines and basic heterocycles. Activated substrates react with [18F]fluoride at room temperature and with heating the reaction proceeds in the presence of hydrogen bond donors. Furthermore, the use of electron rich spectator ligands allows efficient and regioselective [18F]fluorination of non-activated aromatic moieties. The method provides a broadly applicable route for 18F labelling of biologically active small molecules and offers immediate practical benefits for drug discovery and imaging with PET.
Research and practical utilisation of low‐intensity stochastic energy
Authors: Norkevičius Povilas , Balčiūnas Povilas 
Published: April 2015

Renewable energy sources generate stochastic electric power that depends on factors that vary widely. The average wind speed throughout Lithuania varies from 3.1–6.1 m/s at a height of 50 m. Low, stochastic wind energy dominates in the European Union and Lithuania. In Lithuania, the recorded hydro energy potential of 472 small rivers is approximately 585 MW of power. Range of runoff highly varies of Lithuanian small rivers. These are huge wind and hydro energy resources that low energy potential is poorly utilised because of the very complex structures of power converter systems and their low quality of converted power. The application of a dual electric system that can operate with either I = constant and U = variable or U = constant and I = variable appliance is one of the possibilities to solve renewable energy sources low‐intensity stochastic energy utilisation problems. This research article presents the features of a dual electric system and the simulation schemes, research results, aspects of practical applications of the inverter – three‐phase dual electric system converter with the simple control system that confirms highly effective power extraction in low and high‐intensity stochastic energy.
Early evidence for the use of wheat and barley as staple crops on the margins of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: d’Alpoim Guedes Jade A. , Lu Hongliang , Hein Anke M. , Schmidt Amanda H. 
Published: April 2015

SignificanceAdapting agricultural systems to the high-altitude environment of the Tibetan Plateau has long been considered a major challenge for farmers. It has been asserted previously that the ecological characteristics of wheat and barley delayed their spread into East Asia. We argue instead that the ability of these crops to tolerate frost and their low heat requirements facilitated their spread into the high-altitude margins of western China. Following their introduction to this region, these crops rapidly replaced Chinese millets that could not adapt to the cooler temperatures of post-Holocene climatic optimum East Asia. We present data from the eastern Tibetan Plateau demonstrating that wheat and barley rapidly became staple crops shortly after their introduction.
Chemical messages in 170-year-old champagne bottles from the Baltic Sea: Revealing tastes from the past
Authors: Jeandet Philippe , Heinzmann Silke S. , Roullier-Gall Chloé , Cilindre Clara , Aron Alissa , Deville Marie Alice , Moritz Franco , Karbowiak Thomas , Demarville Dominique , Brun Cyril , Moreau Fabienne , Michalke Bernhard , Liger-Belair Gérard , Witting Michael , Lucio Marianna , Steyer Damien , Gougeon Régis D. , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe 
Published: April 2015

SignificanceThe composition of 170-y-old champagne samples found in a shipwreck in the Baltic Sea constitutes a remarkable and unprecedented example of long-term combinatorial chemistry, which can occur in such sealed 750-mL microlaboratories. Multiple analytical tools, including metabolomics, metallomics, and sensory analysis, were combined to characterize the molecular diversity of these champagnes having aged in close-to-perfect conditions at the bottom of the sea. The analyzed champagnes retained intrinsic features allowing us to shed light on the winemaking practices in use in the middle of the 19th century. Therefore, this archeochemistry approach enabled us to rewrite a piece of our cultural heritage.
Predicting plant vulnerability to drought in biodiverse regions using functional traits
Authors: Skelton Robert Paul , West Adam G. , Dawson Todd E. 
Published: April 2015

SignificanceRecent reports of widespread drought-induced plant die-back have enhanced the need to understand variation in plant hydraulic strategies and to determine which species are susceptible to drought-induced mortality. Finding meaningful ways to describe the many different types of responses plants might demonstrate in biodiverse regions can be extremely challenging. Here, we present the architecture in which functional traits can be incorporated into a known hydraulic framework to provide additional insight into the range of hydraulic strategies present in diverse communities. Merging stomatal regulation strategies that represent an index of water use behavior with xylem hydraulic strategies that represent water transport and vulnerability to water deficit behavior facilitates a more comprehensive framework to characterize plant response to drought.
Relationship Between 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Cognitive Function in Community-Living Older Adults: The UCSD Ambulatory Blood Pressure Study
Authors: Conway Kyle S. , Forbang Nketi , Beben Tomasz , Criqui Michael H. , Ix Joachim H. , Rifkin Dena E. 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND
Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) patterns have been associated with diminished cognitive function in hypertensive and very elderly populations. The relationship between ambulatory BP patterns and cognitive function in community-living older adults is unknown.

METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study in which 24-hour ambulatory BP, in-clinic BP, and cognitive function measures were obtained from 319 community-living older adults.

RESULTS
The mean age was 72 years, 66% were female, and 13% were African-American. We performed linear regression with performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as the primary outcome and 24-hour BP patterns as the independent variable, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and comorbidities. Greater nighttime systolic dipping (P = 0.046) and higher 24-hour diastolic BP (DBP; P = 0.015) were both significantly associated with better cognitive function, whereas 24-hour systolic BP (SBP), average real variability, and ambulatory arterial stiffness were not.

CONCLUSIONS
Higher 24-hour DBP and greater nighttime systolic dipping were significantly associated with improved cognitive function. Future studies should examine whether low 24-hour DBP and lack of nighttime systolic dipping predict future cognitive impairment.
Optical laser systems at the Linac Coherent Light Source
Authors: Minitti Michael P. , Robinson Joseph S. , Coffee Ryan N. , Edstrom Steve , Gilevich Sasha , Glownia James M. , Granados Eduardo , Hering Philippe , Hoffmann Matthias C. , Miahnahri Alan , Milathianaki Despina , Polzin Wayne , Ratner Daniel , Tavella Franz , Vetter Sharon , Welch Marc , White William E. , Fry Alan R. 
Published: April 2015

Ultrafast optical lasers play an essential role in exploiting the unique capabilities of recently commissioned X-ray free-electron laser facilities such as the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Pump–probe experimental techniques reveal ultrafast dynamics in atomic and molecular processes and reveal new insights in chemistry, biology, material science and high-energy-density physics. This manuscript describes the laser systems and experimental methods that enable cutting-edge optical laser/X-ray pump–probe experiments to be performed at LCLS.
A proposed contribution model for general Islamic insurance industry
Authors: Olorogun Lukman Ayinde 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to consider a contribution model of a general Islamic insurance industry which allowed the return of underwriting profit to the Islamic insurance participants. The objective is to create a justified and equitable means of computing contribution which maximises the expected ownership right of the Islamic insurance fund.Design/methodology/approach– The accumulation of funds and claims paid were characterised in form of accumulation and decay function over a period of time. It provides necessary and sufficient conditions for their existence and uniqueness. Mathematical derivative procedures were adopted to derive the underwriting returns to be returned to the Islamic insurance participants. Lastly, this paper recommends the incorporation of underwriting returns’ variable into the traditional actuarial model and provides theoretical justification for the process.Findings– Then, the derivation of underwriting returns through convolution of accumulated funds and claims paid views in the form of Laplace Transform led to a conjecture and proved. Thereafter, the proposed and adjusted model was arrived at.Originality/value– This study, to the best knowledge of the researcher, is the first attempt in the quantification of Islamic insurance industry. Thus, the model is the first attempt of creating a justified way of calculating the Islamic insurance participants’ contributions.
Development and evaluation of an Internet-based program to improve the mental health and wellbeing of young men
Authors: Ellis Louise A. , McCabe Kathryn , Davenport Tracey , Burns Jane M. , Rahilly Kitty , Nicholas Mariesa , Hickie Ian B 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to describe the development of WorkOut, an Internet-based program designed to help young men overcome the barriers towards help-seeking and to build the skills they need to understand and manage their own mental health. Information and communication technologies (ICT) hold great potential to significantly improve mental health outcomes for hard-to-reach and traditionally underserved groups. Internet-based programs and mobile phone applications may be particularly appealing to young men due to their convenience, accessibility and privacy and they also address the strong desire for independence and autonomy held by most men.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper, we describe the design process itself, and the strategies used for multi-disciplinary collaboration. The initial evaluation process and results are also described which consisted of three distinct phases: website statistics; one-on-one user testing; and pilot interviews.

Findings
– The results suggest that WorkOut has the potential to attract young men. However, further work is needed to ensure that users remain engaged with the program.

Originality/value
– The difficulties encountered and lessons learned provide an insight into the factors that should be considered in the design and evaluation of future ICT-based strategies within the mental health domain, as well as their potential applicability to clinical and educational settings.