bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catheter-Related Complications in Long-Term Home Parenteral Nutrition Patients with Chronic Intestinal Failure
Authors: Guglielmi Francesco William , Regano Nunzia , Mazzuoli Silvia , Rizzi Massimiliano , Fregnan Simona , Leogrande Giuseppina , Addante Irene , Guglielmi Altomarino 
Published: December 2012

Background Home Parenteral Nutrition is a therapeutic option to improve quality of life in chronic intestinal failure. Aims To describe frequency of complications both in cancer and non-cancer patients. Methods This study was performed on 270 adult patients (52% with cancer, 48% without cancer) followed for a total of 371 years of treatment. Mean duration of therapy was 191±181 for cancer and 830±1168 days/patient for non-cancer. The treatment was administered by a competent, dedicated provider. Patients received our prescribed “all-in-one admixtures” at their homes. Results Catheter-related complications/1000-days-catheter was 1.40; mechanical complications were comparable in cancer (0.82) and non-cancer (0.91) patients while a statistically significant difference was observed between cancer (0.71) and non-cancer (0.46) patients for sepsis. Bacterial infections were more frequent in non-cancer, mycotic infections primarily affected cancer patients. In our experience 49% of the patients were readmitted, with a low incidence rate of 0.89/1000 days-catheter. The incidence of hepatobiliary complications in our population was 65%. The degree of liver damage was related to short bowel syndrome and to length of treatment. Conclusions This study indicated that cancer patients are more vulnerable to CVC-related infections during Home Parenteral Nutrition and that a safer Home Parenteral Nutrition protocol should be adopted in order to contain CVC-related complications.
Cloud Point Extraction and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Determination of Lead (II) in Environmental and Food Samples
Authors: Soylak Mustafa , Yilmaz Erkan , Ghaedi Mehrorang , Montazerozohori Mortaza , Sheibani Marjan 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A cloud point extraction procedure for the preconcentration of Pb2+ in various samples following complexation with 2,2-(1E,1′E)-1,1′-(2,2′-azanediylbis(ethane-2,1-diyl)bis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene)) bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene)diphenol in Triton X-114 after centrifugation is reported. A 0.5 mL portion of methanol acidified with 1.0 M HNO3 was added to the surfactant-rich phase prior to analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The influence of analytical parameters—including pH, concentrations of ligand, Triton X-114, and HNO3, bath temperature, heating time, and centrifugation rate and time—were optimized, and the effect of the matrix ions on the recovery of Pb2+ was investigated. An LOD of 1.9 ng/mL along with a preconcentration factor of 50 with RSD of 1.0% for Pb2+ were achieved. The proposed procedure was applied to the analysis of various real samples.
Samples of Kidney Failure Patients by Cloud Point Extraction and Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Baig Jameel A , Kazi Tasneem G , Arain Mohammad Balal , Afridi Hassan Imran , Mahar Khalida Perveen 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A method has been developed for the determination of arsenic (As) in pharmaceutical and scalp hair samples of kidney failure patients by cloud point extraction (CPE). The scalp hair samples were subjected to microwave-assisted digestion in nitric acid–hydrogen peroxide (2 + 1, v/v). Then, dialysate and digested scalp hair solutions were preconcentrated by CPE using pyronine B as a complexing agent. The resulting complex was entrapped in nonionic surfactant (Triton X-114) prior to its determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy. The validity of the CPE method for As was checked by analysis of a certified reference material of human hair and a standard addition method for dialysate solution. The chemical variables affecting the analytical performance of the CPE methods were studied and optimized. After optimization of the complexation and extraction conditions, a preconcentration factor of 52 was obtained for As in 10 mL of dialysate solution and acid digested samples of scalp hair. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the LOD and LOQ of As for the preconcentration of 10 mL of solution were 0.022 and 0.073 μg/L, respectively. The level of As in scalp hair samples of kidney failure patients was higher than in healthy controls.
Inconsistencies in a Highly Polar Capillary Gas Chromatography Column and Necessity of Column Performance Checks for trans Fatty Acid Measurement
Authors: Tsuzuki Wakako 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
GC with a capillary column (60–100 m length) is widely used to measure trans fatty acids in dietary fats and biological tissues. Recently, we have occasionally observed that isothermal operation of an SP-2560 column at 180°C results in incomplete separation of gondoic acid (11c-20:1) and one of the geometric isomers of α-linolenic acid (9t,12c,15c-18:3), although it has been known to produce their baseline separation in American Oil Chemists' Society Official Method Ce 1h-05, as well as in previous studies. Thus, trans isomer (9t,12c,15c-18:3) is one of the main components of trans fatty acids in refined edible oils, and the baseline separation of this peak from that of 11c-20:1 is indispensable. We demonstrate in this study that an isothermal operating temperature of 175°C for an SP-2560 column results in satisfactory resolution of these two fatty acids. Because of the inconsistency in the separation provided by SP-2560 columns, careful monitoring of the relative elution order of different fatty acid methyl esters using standards is necessary for the exact evaluation of trans fatty acid contents in oils and fats.
Analysis of the Bacterial Diversity Existing on Animal Hide and Wool: Development of a Preliminary PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Fingerprint Database for Identifying Isolates
Authors: Yu Chen , Hongwei Gao , Yanming Zhang , Mingjun Deng , Zhenxing Wu , Laihua Zhu , Qing Duan , Biao Xu , Chengzhu Liang , Zhiqin Yue , Xizhi Xiao 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Twenty-one bacterial strains were isolated from imported cattle hide and rabbit wool using two types of media, nutrient broth, and nutrient broth with serum. The bacteria identified were Brevibacillus laterosporus, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Peptococcus niger, Bacillus circulans, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thermobacillus, Bacillus choshinensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Staphylococcus intermedius, Mycobacteria, Moraxella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Ralstonia pickettii, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Comamonas testosteroni, and Cupriavidus pauculus. The 16s rDNA gene of each bacterium was amplified using the universal primers 27f and 1492r. The amplicons were digested with AvaI, BamHI, BgII, DraI, EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII, HinfI, HpaI, PstI, SmaI, TaqI, XbaI, XmaI, AluI, XhoI, and PvuI individually. A specific fingerprint from the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method based on 16s rDNA was obtained for each bacterium. The results showed that the method developed was useful not only for bacterial identification but also for the etiological investigation of pathogens in imported animal hair and wool.
Roka Listeria Detection Method Using Transcription Mediated Amplification to Detect Listeria Species in Select Foods and Surfaces
Authors: Yang Hua , Kaplan Shannon , Reshatoff Michael , Hu Ernie , Zukowski Alexis , Schweis Franz , Gin Cristal , Maroni Brett , Becker Michael , Wisniewski Michele 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The Roka Listeria Detection Assay was compared to the reference culture methods for nine select foods and three select surfaces. The Roka method used Half-Fraser Broth for enrichment at 35 ± 2°C for 24–28 h. Comparison of Roka's method to reference methods requires an unpaired approach. Each method had a total of 545 samples inoculated with a Listeria strain. Each food and surface was inoculated with a different strain of Listeria at two different levels per method. For the dairy products (Brie cheese, whole milk, and ice cream), our method was compared to AOAC Official MethodSM993.12. For the ready-to-eat meats (deli chicken, cured ham, chicken salad, and hot dogs) and environmental surfaces (sealed concrete, stainless steel, and plastic), these samples were compared to the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service-Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook (USDA/FSIS-MLG) method MLG 8.07. Cold-smoked salmon and romaine lettuce were compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration/Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 10 (FDA/BAM) method. Roka's method had 358 positives out of 545 total inoculated samples compared to 332 positive for the reference methods. Overall the probability of detection analysis of the results showed better or equivalent performance compared to the reference methods.
Analytical Determination of Bioactive Compounds as an Indication of Fruit Quality
Authors: Park Yong Seo , Heo Buk-Gu , Ham Kyung-Sik , Kang Seong-Gook , Park Yang-Kyun , Nemirovski Alina , Tashma Zeev , Gorinstein Shela , Leontowicz Hanna , Leontowicz Maria 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to determine the bioactive compounds in kiwifruit as an indication of quality after extraction using methanol and ethyl acetate. Using FTIR and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and electrospray ionization/MS, the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols, and tannins, and the level of the antioxidant activity by 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ferric-reducing/antioxidant power, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assays were determined and compared. It was found that the methanol extracts of kiwifruit showed significantly higher amounts of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities than the ethyl acetate extracts. The cultivar Bidan, in comparison with the classic Hayward, showed significantly higher bioactivity. For the first time, Bidan organic kiwifruit was analyzed for its antioxidant activities and compared with the widely consumed Hayward organic based on its bioactive compounds and fluorescence properties. Relatively high content of bioactive compounds and positive antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of kiwifruit determined by the advanced analytical methods justify its use as a source of valuable antioxidants. The methods used are applicable for bioactivity determination, in general, for any food products.
Determination of Antioxidant Activity in Foods and Beverages by Reaction with 2,2′-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH): Collaborative Study First Action 2012.04
Authors: Plank David W , Szpylka John , Sapirstein Harry , Woollard David , Zapf Charles M , Lee Vong , Chen C-Y Oliver , Liu Rui Hai , Tsao Rong , Düsterloh André , Baugh Steve ,   Collaborators:, Begelman A , Camire M , DeRito C , DeVries J W , Dougherty M P , Hanson M , Liu R , Marquard M , Ser A , Stringer M 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A colorimetric method for the determination of total antioxidant activity in a variety of foods and beverages was validated in both a single-laboratory validation and a collaborative laboratory validation study. The procedure involved extraction of the antioxidants directly into a methanol–water solution containing a known amount of 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), thus promoting the rapid reaction of extracted materials with DPPH. The reaction was monitored by spectrophotometric measurement of the absorbance loss at 517 nm. Antioxidant activity was quantified relative to a dilution series of vitamin E analog standards (Trolox®), which were analyzed in parallel simultaneously with the food and beverage samples. The antioxidant activities of the samples ranged from 131 to 131 000 μmole Trolox equivalents/100 g. Statistical analysis of the results showed that nine of the 11 matrixes gave acceptable HorRat values, indicating that the method performed well in these cases. The acceptable matrixes include pomegranate juice, blueberry juice, carrot juice, green tea, wine, rosemary spice, ready-to-eat cereal, and yogurt. Two samples failed the HorRat test: the first was an almond milk that had an antioxidant level below the practical LOQ for the method; the second was a sample of canola oil with added omega-3 fatty acid that was immiscible in the reaction medium.
A Modular Furanoside Thioether‐Phosphite/Phosphinite/ Phosphine Ligand Library for Asymmetric Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Minimally Functionalized Olefins: Scope and Limitations
Authors: Coll Mercedes , Pàmies Oscar , Diéguez Montserrat 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA highly modular furanoside thioether‐phosphite/phosphinite/phosphine ligand library has been synthesized for the iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of minimally functionalized olefins. These ligands can be prepared efficiently from easily accessible D‐(+)‐xylose. We found that their effectiveness at transferring the chiral information in the product can be tuned by correctly choosing the ligand components. Enantioselectivities were therefore excellent (ees up to 99%) in a wide range of E‐ and Z‐trisubstituted alkenes using 5‐deoxyribofuranoside thioether‐phosphite ligands. It should be pointed out that these catalysts are also very tolerant to the presence of a neighbouring polar group. For 1,1‐disubstituted substrates, both enantiomers of the hydrogenation product can be obtained in high enantioselectivities simply by changing the configuration of the biaryl phosphite moiety. The asymmetric hydrogenation was also performed using propylene carbonate as solvent, which allowed the iridium catalysts to be reused while maintaining the excellent enantioselectivities.
Population density estimation of southern stingraysDasyatis americanaon a Caribbean atoll using distance sampling
Authors: Tilley Alexander , Strindberg Samantha 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe southern stingrayDasyatis americanais a benthic mesopredator found in varying densities throughout Caribbean shallow reef systems, yet despite its increasing inclusion in fisheries, many aspects of its population ecology are still unknown.Belt transects and distance sampling techniques were used to estimate seasonal abundance of an unexploited, isolated population of southern stingrays in lagoon and forereef habitats at Glovers Reef Atoll, Belize.Southern stingrays were the most abundant elasmobranch in both shallow lagoon margin (< 5 m) and shallow forereef (< 15 m) habitats in all sampling seasons. Lagoon density showed no seasonal variation and was estimated at 245 (95% CI 226–265) individuals per km2.Forereef sampling indicated lower densities compared with the lagoon habitat, as well as seasonality with a significantly lower stingray density in November of 25 (16–37) compared with either of the April surveys of 100 (71–141) and 78 (53–116). Total population size for all lagoon habitat was estimated as ~8400 stingrays (7700–9100, 4%CV).This is the first study known to utilize distance sampling techniques on benthic elasmobranchs. Absolute estimates of population density are crucial in wildlife management and will be an important tool in tracking community and trophic dynamics in affected systems of declining top predators, particularly in species devoid of natural identifying marks.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Olfactory Anatomy in an Archaic Whale (Protocetidae, Cetacea) and the Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Balaenopteridae, Cetacea)
Authors: Godfrey Stephen J. , Geisler Jonathan , Fitzgerald Erich M.G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe structure of the olfactory apparatus is not well known in both archaic and extant whales; the result of poor preservation in most fossils and locational isolation deep within the skulls in both fossil and Recent taxa. Several specimens now shed additional light on the subject. A partial skull of an archaic cetacean is reported from the Pamunkey River, Virginia, USA. The specimen probably derives from the upper middle Eocene (Piney Point Formation) and is tentatively assigned to the Protocetidae. Uncrushed cranial cavities associated with the olfactory apparatus were devoid of sediment. CT scans clearly reveal the dorsal nasal meatus, ethmoturbinates within the olfactory recess, the cribriform plate, the area occupied by the olfactory bulbs, and the olfactory nerve tract. Several sectioned skulls of the minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) were also examined, and olfactory structures are remarkably similar to those observed in the fossil skull from the Pamunkey River. One important difference between the two is that the fossil specimen has an elongate olfactory nerve tract. The more forward position of the external nares in extant balaenopterids when compared with those of extant odontocetes is interpreted to be the result of the need to retain a functional olfactory apparatus and the forward position of the supraoccipital/cranial vertex. An increase in the distance between the occipital condyles and the vertex in balaenopterids enhances the mechanical advantage of the epaxial musculature that inserts on the occiput, a specialization that likely stabilizes the head of these enormous mammals during lunge feeding. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular Diversity Sculpted by Fungal PKS–NRPS Hybrids
Authors: Boettger Daniela , Hertweck Christian 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFungal polyketide synthase–nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS–NRPS) hybrids manufacture a wide range of structurally diverse secondary metabolites that play an eminent role in the environment, as molecular tools and leads for therapeutic development. To date, a dozen PKS–NRPS megasynthetases can be linked to the corresponding secondary metabolites, which stand out because of their structural complexity. The diversity of their structures, biological activities, and biosynthetic routes are particularly intriguing considering the iterative use of the catalytic domains of the biosynthetic enzymes—implying an enigmatic biosynthetic code. This review provides an overview of the characterized fungal PKS–NRPS hybrids, their manifold functionalities, and the diversity of the resulting secondary metabolites, as well as molecular engineering attempts that highly improved the understanding of their cryptic programming.
Synthesis and Characterization of Redox‐Active Charge‐Transfer Complexes with 2,3,5,6‐Tetracyanopyridine (TCNPy) for the Photogeneration of Pyridinium Radicals
Authors: Wöß Eva , Monkowius Uwe , Knör Günther 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe heteroaromatic polynitrile compound tetracyanopyridine (TCNPy) is introduced as a new electron acceptor for the formation of deeply colored charge‐transfer complexes. In MeCN, TCNPy is characterized by a quasireversible one‐electron‐reduction process at −0.51 V (versus SCE). The tetracyanopyridine radical anion undergoes a secondary chemical reaction, which is assigned to a protonation step. TCNPy has been demonstrated to generate 1:1 complexes with various electron donors, including tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and dihydroxybenzene derivatives, such as p‐hydroquinone and catechol. Visible‐ or NIR‐light‐induced excitation of the intense charge‐transfer bands of these compounds leads to a direct optical electron‐transfer process for the formation of the corresponding radical‐ion pairs. The presence of available electron donors that contain protic groups in close proximity to the TCNPy acceptor site opens up a new strategy for the photocontrolled generation of pyridinium radicals in a stepwise proton‐coupled electron‐transfer (PCET) sequence.
Improvement of the Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Performance of TiO2 by Carbon Mesostructures
Authors: Wei Wei , Yu Chao , Zhao Qingfei , Li Guisheng , Wan Ying 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn improvement in the photodegradation performance for dyes due to interaction between carbon and titania in a self‐assembled mesoporous CTiO2 composite catalyst, even for the difficult degradation of azo dyes, is reported herein. The dye removal process involves adsorption of the dye from water by the mesoporous carbon–titania, followed by photodegradation on the separated dye‐loaded solid. Such adsorption–catalysis cycles can be carried out more than 80 times without discernible loss of photocatalytic activity or the anatase content of the composite. In each run, about 120 mg dye per g catalyst can be degraded. The mesoporous carbon–titania catalyst also exhibits a high capacity for converting methyl orange in aqueous solution under visible light. Characterization by XRD, TEM, and N2 sorption techniques has revealed that the self‐assembled composite catalyst has an ordered mesostructure, uniform mesopores (4.3 nm), a large pore volume (0.30 cm3 g−1), and a high surface area (348 m2 g−1). The pore walls are composed of amorphous carbon and anatase nanoparticles of size 4.2 nm, which are well dispersed and confined. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS), and UV/Vis absorption results indicate doping of carbon into the anatase lattice and a change in the bandgap of the semiconductor. The synergistic improvement in the composite catalyst can be attributed to the following features: (1) carbon doping of the anatase lattice modifies its bandgap and enhances its activity under visible light; (2) confinement within carbon pore walls prevents aggregation of tiny anatase nanoparticles, improving their activity and stability; (3) the mesopores provide a confined space for photocatalysis; and (4) the strong adsorption ability of porous carbon for organic substances ensures that large quantities can be processed and inhibits further diffusion of the adsorbed organic substances, thereby enhancing the mineralization on anatase.
Stereoselective Self‐Sorting on Surfaces: Transcription of Chiral Information
Authors: Orentas Edvinas , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTTemplated self‐sorting on surfaces has been introduced recently as a new approach to construct multicomponent architectures directly on solid oxide surfaces. In this process, two‐dimensional information placed on the surface is transcribed into three‐dimensional architectures with up to 97% intrinsic templation efficiency. Previously, we have shown that isosteric partners of different color do neither self‐sort nor respond to templation during self‐organizing surface‐initiated copolymerization (co‐SOSIP). To evaluate the importance of chirality in this process, co‐SOSIP with mixtures of pseudo‐enantiomers of isosteric partners is explored. The composition of the obtained SOSIP architectures is independent of the composition of the initiator mixtures on the surface. This absence of templation from the surface rules out the occurrence of uniform self‐sorting of pseudo‐enantiomeric isosters, a process similar to chiral resolution in conglomerates. Alternate self‐sorting, the complementary process comparable with racemic crystallization, is indistinguishable from random mixing in structural studies. However, different photocurrent generation by pseudo‐racemic compared with pseudo‐homochiral photosystems support, on the functional level, that alternate self‐sorting occurs with pseudo‐enantiomeric partners. These results support that chirality is important for the transcription of two‐dimensional information into three‐dimensional architectures and suggest that alternate self‐sorting dominates over uniform self‐sorting as racemic crystallization dominates over chiral resolution. Chirality 25:107–113, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.