bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factor IX‐deficient plasma spiked with N9‐GP behaves similarly to N9‐GP post‐administration clinical samples in N9‐GP ELISA and FIX activity assays
Authors: Sørensen M. H. , Andersen S. , Ezban M. 
Published: April 2015

Introduction:
Evaluation of assay performance with new modified coagulation factors, such as N9‐GP, may require testing of different assays and assay conditions. Validation of assays used for clinical monitoring of haemophilia B patients is challenging due to limited availability of blood samples from patients exposed to these new agents.
Aim:
The aim of the study is to investigate correlations between assays measuring N9‐GP concentration and factor IX (FIX) activity, and to evaluate whether in vitro FIX‐deficient plasma samples spiked with N9‐GP and in vivo post‐administration samples from patients exposed to N9‐GP perform similarly in these assays.
Methods:
In vitro samples, prepared by adding N9‐GP to FIX‐deficient plasma, were compared to samples from haemophilia B patients participating in the phase 3 paradigm 2™ clinical trial (in vivo samples), in assays measuring N9‐GP concentration (ELISA) and FIX activity (one‐stage clotting assay and chromogenic assay). The results of the FIX activity assays and ELISAs were compared and analysed to determine the similarity between the in vitro and in vivo sample analyses.
Results:
Regression analysis demonstrated a linear relationship between N9‐GP concentration and FIX activity. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the regression lines for the in vitro and in vivo sample analyses.
Conclusion:
The one‐stage clot assay using SynthAFax and the chromogenic assay show promise for use in measuring FIX activity in haemophilia B patients treated with N9‐GP. Since in vitro and in vivo samples performed similarly in these assays, N9‐GP‐spiked FIX‐deficient plasma could be used as controls in routine measurements of N9‐GP activity in haemophilia B patients.
Funding and planning: What you need to know for starting or expanding a home hemodialysis program
Authors: Howard Kirsten , McFarlane Phil A. , Marshall Mark R. , Eastwood Deborah O. , Morton Rachael L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPlanning and funding a home hemodialysis (HD) program requires a well‐organized effort and close collaboration between clinicians and administrators. This resource provides guidance on the processes that are involved, including a thorough situational analysis of the dialysis landscape, emphasizing the opportunity for a home HD program; careful consideration of the clinical and operational characteristics of a proposed home HD program at your institution; the development of a compelling business case, highlighting the clinical and organizational benefits of a home HD program; and careful construction and evaluation of a request for proposal.
Decreased expression of gastric gland mucin‐specific glycan α1,4‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine on its scaffold mucin 6 is associated with malignant potential of pyloric gland adenoma of the stomach
Authors: Yamanoi Kazuhiro , Sekine Shigeki , Higuchi Kayoko , Kushima Ryoji , Nakayama Jun 
Published: April 2015

AimsPyloric gland adenoma (PGA) is a unique gastric neoplasm expressing mucin 6 (MUC6), and is often associated with high‐grade dysplasia and/or adenocarcinoma. MUC6 secreted from the gastric gland mucous cells, such as pyloric gland cells, carries unique O‐glycans with terminal α1,4‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc) residues on its molecule. As we recently demonstrated that αGlcNAc serves as a tumour suppressor for gastric adenocarcinoma, this study aimed to investigate the significance of αGlcNAc expression in PGA.Methods and resultsEighteen patients with PGA were examined with immunohistochemistry for αGlcNAc and MUC6. αGlcNAc and MUC6 were coexpressed in 12 of 18 PGAs. However, reduced αGlcNAc expression relative to MUC6 expression was observed in six cases. When the MIB‐1 labelling index (LI) of tumour cells was examined with respect to reduced αGlcNAc expression, the MIB‐1 LI was significantly higher in PGAs showing decreased αGlcNAc expression relative to MUC6 expression than in PGAs with unchanged αGlcNAc expression (P = 0.023).ConclusionsThe present study indicates that coexpression of αGlcNAc and MUC6 in PGA suggests the presence of fully glycosylated MUC6 on tumour cells, consistent with pyloric gland differentiation. However, the decreased glycosylation of αGlcNAc on MUC6 is associated with high mitotic activity of tumour cells, indicative of malignant potential of PGA.
Geriatric Evaluation and Management: Current Status and Future Research Directions
Authors: Applegate William , Deyo Richard , Kramer Andrew , Meehan Shirley 
Published: April 2015

In the last decade the concept of geriatric evaluation and management (GEM) has been widely discussed in the literature. Studies of GEM have occurred primarily in three settings: inpatient units, outpatient clinics, and specialized types of home care. We have reviewed the literature, focusing on randomized trials, to determine the strength of the evidence for the efficacy of these interventions. Two single‐site randomized controlled trials of inpatient GEM units have been conducted and indicate that such units that provide care to targeted disabled older patients probably have a favorable impact on subsequent physical function, rates of institutionalization, and mortality. Two randomized trials of inpatient GEM consultation teams have been conducted. The trial that did not target high‐risk individuals showed no benefit while the trial that did target an at‐risk group showed that those receiving the service had improvements in mental status and short‐term mortality. The results of randomized trials of outpatient GEM clinics to date have been unimpressive. Two trials of in‐home GEM by a trained observer tended to show that the service resulted in a reduction in mortalityTo date randomized trials of GEM have been very heterogeneous in terms of the type of assessment and subsequent care, the site in which services are delivered, and the manner in which patients are selected for the studies. This limits the ability to compare and extrapolate across studies. In the future there is a need to better clarify the selection of study participants, the exact structure of the assessment intervention provided, and the elements of successful interventions that may be most critical to insuring a good outcome.
Lack of association between anemia and renal disease progression in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gu Liubao , Lou Qinglin , Wu Haidi , Ouyang Xiaojun , Bian Rongwen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionAnemia has a close interaction with renal dysfunction in diabetes patients. More proof is still awaited on the relationship between anemia and the progression of renal disease in this population.Materials and MethodsIn the present longitudinal study, 1,645 Chinese type 2 diabetes patients without end‐stage renal disease were included in the analysis in Nanjing, China, during January 2006 and December 2012. All patients were managed by staged diabetes management protocol, and clinical parameters were collected at each visit. The end‐point of progression of renal disease was evaluated during the follow up. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of anemia on renal disease progression.ResultsOn recruitment, 350 (21.3%) patients had anemia, which was more common among those with older ages, longer diabetes duration, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate or more albuminura. On median follow up of 49 months (range 28–62 months), 37 patients (2.2%) developed the defined renal end‐point. Compared with those without anemia, patients with anemia had a higher risk of renal disease progression. However, multivariate analysis showed that anemia lost its statistical significance once estimated glomerular filtration rate was added into the model. Although the incidence of renal disease progression markedly increased by anemia status in patients of estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, anemia was still not an independent risk factor for renal disease progression in this subgroup.ConclusionsAnemia was a common finding in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients. Anemia was a risk factor for renal disease progression, but lost its significance once baseline renal function was adjusted.
Invariance of demographic parameters using total or viable eggs
Authors: Hernandez‐Suarez C. , Medone P. , Rabinovich J. E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRecently Mou et al. (J. Appl. Entomol., 139, 2015 and 00) recommended that in population studies in which hatch rates vary with maternal age, demographic parameters should be calculated excluding unhatched eggs. A mathematical proof was provided to support this. In this note, we expose a flaw in their proof and show that the demographic parameters do not differ by considering either all eggs or only viable ones, as long as the beginning and end of a generation are defined accordingly.
Uncovering the dynamic evolution of nucleotide‐binding site‐leucine‐rich repeat (NBS‐LRR) genes in Brassicaceae
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Mei , Shao Zhu‐Qing , Wang Qiang , Hang Yue‐Yu , Xue Jia‐Yu , Wang Bin , Chen Jian‐Qun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPlant genomes harbor dozens to hundreds of nucleotide‐binding site‐leucine‐rich repeat (NBS‐LRR) genes; however, the long‐term evolutionary history of these resistance genes has not been fully understood. This study focuses on five Brassicaceae genomes and the Carica papaya genome to explore changes in NBS‐LRR genes that have taken place in this Rosid II lineage during the past 72 million years. Various numbers of NBS‐LRR genes were identified from Arabidopsis lyrata (198), A. thaliana (165), Brassica rapa (204), Capsella rubella (127), Thellungiella salsuginea (88), and C. papaya (51). In each genome, the identified NBS‐LRR genes were found to be unevenly distributed among chromosomes and most of them were clustered together. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that, before and after Brassicaceae speciation events, both toll/interleukin‐1 receptor‐NBS‐LRR (TNL) genes and non‐toll/interleukin‐1 receptor‐NBS‐LRR (nTNL) genes exhibited a pattern of first expansion and then contraction, suggesting that both subclasses of NBS‐LRR genes were responding to pathogen pressures synchronically. Further, by examining the gain/loss of TNL and nTNL genes at different evolutionary nodes, this study revealed that both events often occurred more drastically in TNL genes. Finally, the phylogeny of nTNL genes suggested that this NBS‐LRR subclass is composed of two separate ancient gene types: RPW8‐NBS‐LRR and Coiled‐coil‐NBS‐LRR.
A qualitative evaluation of capnography use in paediatric sedation: perceptions, practice and barriers
Authors: Iyer Neel S , Koziel Jeannette R , Langhan Melissa L 
Published: April 2015

Aims and ObjectivesWe explored perceptions about capnography for procedural sedation and barriers to use in a paediatric emergency department.BackgroundCapnography is a sensitive monitor of ventilation and is increasingly being studied in procedural sedation. While benefits have been found, it has not gained wide acceptance for monitoring of children during sedation.DesignA qualitative exploratory study was performed.MethodsUsing a grounded theory approach, physicians and nurses from the paediatric emergency department participated in one‐on‐one interviews about their experiences with and opinions of capnography. An iterative process of data collection and analysis was used to inductively generate theories and themes until theoretical saturation was achieved.ResultsFive physicians and 12 nurses were interviewed. Themes included: Experiences: Participants felt that procedural sedation is safe and adverse events are rare. Normal capnography readings reassured providers about the adequacy of ventilation. Knowledge: Despite experience with capnography, knowledge and comfort varied. Most participants requested additional education and training. Diffusion of Use: While participants expressed positive opinions about capnography, use for sedation was infrequent. Many participants felt that capnography use increased in other paediatric populations, such as patients with altered mental status, ingestions or head trauma. Barriers: Identified barriers to use included a lack of comfort with or knowledge about equipment, lack of availability of the monitor and cannulas, lack of inclusion of these supplies on a checklist for procedural sedation preparedness, and lack of a policy for use of capnography during sedation.ConclusionCapnography use during sedation in the paediatric emergency department is limited despite positive experiences and opinions about this device. Addressing modifiable barriers such as instrument availability, continuing education, and inclusion on a checklist may increase use of capnography during sedation.Relevance to clinical practiceDespite the perceived benefits, a broad implementation plan is required to introduce capnography successfully to the paediatric emergency department.
Genital Image, Sexual Anxiety, and Erectile Dysfunction Among Young Male Military Personnel
Authors: Wilcox Sherrie L. , Redmond Sarah , Davis Teaniese L. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Introduction
More than a third of young military personnel report experiencing some level of erectile dysfunction (ED). Preoccupation with body image, particularly genitals, is a distraction that can influence sexual anxiety (SA) and sexual functioning problems (SFPs), particularly ED.

Aims
This study assessed the relationships between male genital self-image (MGSI), SA, and ED in a sample of male military personnel age 40 or younger.

Methods
Data were from a larger study on SFPs in military populations. This sample consisted of 367 male military personnel age 40 or younger. Hierarchical regression analyses and process modeling using mediation analysis were performed to examine the effects of MGSI on ED with SA as an intermediate variable. We predicted that SA would mediate the relationship between MGSI and ED.

Main Outcome Measures
ED severity was assessed with the International Index of Erectile Function. MGSI was assessed using the MGSI Scale. SA was assessed with the SA subscale of the Sexual Needs Scale.

Results
As hypothesized, greater satisfaction with MGSI was predictive of significantly lower SA (F[8, 352] = 4.07, P = 0.001) and lower ED (F[8, 352] = 13.20, P = 0.001). Lower levels of SA were predictive of lower levels of ED (F[8, 354] = 21.35, P &lt; 0.001). Additionally, results also revealed a significant indirect effect of MGSI on ED through SA (b = −0.07, standard error = 0.03, confidence interval = [−0.14,−0.02], P &lt; 0.05), indicating mediation of MGSI on ED via SA.

Conclusions
This study underscores the complex etiologic basis of SFPs, particularly ED, and highlights the importance of considering psychologic contributors to ED, such as SA and MGSI. Strategies aimed at reducing SA may be useful in improving ED in young military populations and are worth considering as complements to strategies that improve SFPs.
Structured Literature Review of Responses of Cattle to Viral and Bacterial Pathogens Causing Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
Authors: Grissett G.P. , White B.J. , Larson R.L. 
Published: April 2015

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an economically important disease of cattle and continues to be an intensely studied topic. However, literature summarizing the time between pathogen exposure and clinical signs, shedding, and seroconversion is minimal. A structured literature review of the published literature was performed to determine cattle responses (time from pathogen exposure to clinical signs, shedding, and seroconversion) in challenge models using commonBRDviral and bacterial pathogens. After review a descriptive analysis of published studies using commonBRDpathogen challenge studies was performed. Inclusion criteria were single pathogen challenge studies with no treatment or vaccination evaluating outcomes of interest: clinical signs, shedding, and seroconversion. Pathogens of interest included: bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV‐1), parainfluenza‐3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus,Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis, Pastuerella multocida,andHistophilus somni. Thirty‐five studies and 64 trials were included for analysis. The median days to the resolution of clinical signs afterBVDVchallenge was 15 and shedding was not detected on day 12 postchallenge. Resolution ofBHV‐1 shedding resolved on day 12 and clinical signs on day 12 postchallenge. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus ceased shedding on day 9 and median time to resolution of clinical signs was on day 12 postchallenge.M. haemolyticaresolved clinical signs 8 days postchallenge. This literature review and descriptive analysis can serve as a resource to assist in designing challenge model studies and potentially aid in estimation of duration of clinical disease and shedding after natural pathogen exposure.
Idiopathic Epilepsy in the Italian Spinone in the United Kingdom: Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Predictors of Survival and Seizure Remission
Authors: De Risio L. , Newton R. , Freeman J. , Shea A. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundThere is lack of data on idiopathic epilepsy (IE) in the Italian Spinone (IS).ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence ofIEin theISin the United Kingdom (UK) and to investigate predictors of survival and seizure remission.AnimalsThe target population consisted of 3331ISborn between 2000 and 2011 and registered with the UK Kennel Club (KC). The owners of 1192 dogs returned phase I questionnaire. Sixty‐threeIShadIE.MethodsPopulation survey. The owners of allUK KC‐registeredISwere invited to complete the phase I questionnaire. Information from the phase I questionnaire and veterinary medical records was used to identifyISwithIEand obtain data on treatment and survival. Additional information was obtained from owners of epilepticISwho completed the phaseIIquestionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence ofIEin theISin theUKwas estimated as 5.3% (95%CI, 4.03–6.57%). Survival time was significantly shorter inISeuthanized because of poorly controlledIEcompared with epilepticISthat died of unrelated disorders (P = 0.001). Survival was significantly longer inISwith no cluster seizures (CS) (P = 0.040) and inISin which antiepileptic medication was initiated after the second seizure rather than after ≥3 seizures (P = 0.044). Seizure remission occurred only in 3IS.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe prevalence ofIEinIS(5.3%) is higher than in dogs (0.6%) in theUK. Idiopathic epilepsy inIShas a severe phenotype. Antiepileptic medication initiation after the second seizure and aggressive treatment ofCSmay improve survival.
Medullary Position at the Craniocervical Junction in Mature Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: Relationship with Neurologic Signs and Syringomyelia
Authors: Cerda‐Gonzalez S. , Olby N.J. , Griffith E.H. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundMedullary elevation (ie, medullary kinking) at the craniocervical junction (CCJ) is reported in dogs with Chiari‐like malformations (CM), but its diagnostic criteria and clinical relevance are unclear.ObjectiveTo describe the position of the medulla at the CCJ in mature cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS), and evaluate its relationship with clinical status and the presence of syringomyelia.AnimalsThirty‐six CKCS, 5–12 years of age, including 16 asymptomatic dogs.MethodsDogs were assigned a neurologic grade; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the CCJ then was performed. The presence of a CM and syringomyelia was recorded and syringomyelia severity was quantified. Medullary position was quantified using the medullary kinking index, the elevation angle and obex position relative to the foramen magnum. The relationship between medullary position measures and presence and severity of neurologic signs and syringomyelia was investigated.ResultsChiari‐like malformation was found in 33 dogs; 26 of them had syringomyelia. Mean medullary kinking index was 46.4% (SD, 10.3), elevation angle was 132° (SD, 12) and obex position was 3.5 mm (SD, 0.8). A higher medullary kinking index was associated with the presence of neurologic signs (P = .0368). Obex position was associated with the presence (P = .0018) and severity of syringomyelia (P = .0164).Conclusions and clinical importanceThere is a significant association between medullary elevation and clinical signs, whereas more caudal brainstem positions appear related to the presence of syringomyelia.
Guard cell SLAC1‐type anion channels mediate flagellin‐induced stomatal closure
Authors: Guzel Deger Aysin , Scherzer Sönke , Nuhkat Maris , Kedzierska Justyna , Kollist Hannes , Brosché Mikael , Unyayar Serpil , Boudsocq Marie , Hedrich Rainer , Roelfsema M. Rob G. 
Published: April 2015

Summary

During infection plants recognize microbe‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), and this leads to stomatal closure. This study analyzes the molecular mechanisms underlying this MAMP response and its interrelation with ABA signaling.

Stomata in intact Arabidopsis thaliana plants were stimulated with the bacterial MAMP flg22, or the stress hormone ABA, by using the noninvasive nanoinfusion technique. Intracellular double‐barreled microelectrodes were applied to measure the activity of plasma membrane ion channels.

Flg22 induced rapid stomatal closure and stimulated the SLAC1 and SLAH3 anion channels in guard cells. Loss of both channels resulted in cells that lacked flg22‐induced anion channel activity and stomata that did not close in response to flg22 or ABA. Rapid flg22‐dependent stomatal closure was impaired in plants that were flagellin receptor (FLS2)‐deficient, as well as in the ost1‐2 (Open Stomata 1) mutant, which lacks a key ABA‐signaling protein kinase. By contrast, stomata of the ABA protein phosphatase mutant abi1‐1 (ABscisic acid Insensitive 1) remained flg22‐responsive.

These data suggest that the initial steps in flg22 and ABA signaling are different, but that the pathways merge at the level of OST1 and lead to activation of SLAC1 and SLAH3 anion channels.
Reuse and reception in the life of a sixteenth‐century chimneypiece
Authors: Eggleton Lara 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article examines three stages in the material life of a sixteenth‐century Italian chimneypiece in Granada, Spain, which signal historical shifts in attitude toward stylistic origins and categories, particularly with regard to the period known as the Spanish Renaissance. Thought to have been commissioned from Genoa in 1546 for the new royal palace of Charles V, the fireplace was abandoned along with the unfinished building in the early decades of the seventeenth century. In 1630 it was stripped of its white figurative ornament and appropriated as an altar frame within the eclectic programme of the Alhambra's ‘Mexuar Chapel’, formerly a Muslim council chamber. Three centuries later, in 1929, modern restorer Leopoldo Torres Balbás recovered the ornaments and ordered the reassembly of the chimneypiece in an upper room of the emperor's newly completed palace, where it continues to sit as an unlabelled piece of Cinquecento furniture. This article focuses on the biography of this object, considering each stage of its commission, adaptation and restoration as indexical of historical meaning and the valuation of styles across time.