bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental Infection Control and Occupational Safety in the Russian Federation
Authors: Miller Kierste , Budnyak Marina A , Gurevich Konstantin G , Fabrikant Kate , Puttaiah Raghunath 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Background
In the recent past, the Russian Federation has seen a considerable increase in HIV caseload. A high level committee was formed to assess the status of dental infection control and safety (IC&S) in Russia. This article is one of the outcomes to assess the status of IC&S and is the research of a doctoral student (PhD) in public health.

Purpose
To assess needs in Dental Infection Control and Occupational Safety in the Moscow Metropolitan Region of the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods
A survey with variables assessing knowledge, attitude and practice of IC&S was administered to dentists practicing and or teaching in Moscow city and suburban areas on a convenience sample of dental practitioners.

Results
The total number of completed questionnaires were 303. Over 67% had up to three significant exposures to blood and potentially infectious materials (OPIM), but less than 30% got tested for HIV in the previous 3 months. Use of personal protective equipment was not based on anticipated exposure. Less than 10% had an understanding of Spaulding's classification with respect to sanitization, disinfection and sterilization. Only about 34% stated that there was a potential for infectious disease transmission through a percutaneous route and about 61% double gloved while treating patients with infectious diseases. Only about 61% disinfected impressions and most (83%) used alcohol for disinfection purposes. While 34% still used glass-bead sterilizers, about 13% did not sterilize handpieces between patients.

Conclusion
Results from this study indicated a disparity in the practice of infection control and safety procedures requiring formulation of nationwide dental safety standards. Further, there is a need in implementation of a standardized dental safety curriculum for dental schools and continuing dental education requirements in dental safety for practicing dentists in the Russian Federation.

How to cite this article
Budnyak MA, Gurevich KG, Fabrikant K, Miller K, Puttaiah R. Dental Infection Control and Occupational Safety in the Russian Federation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):703-712.
Invasive Cervical Resorption: Etiology, Diagnosis, Classification and Treatment
Authors: Discacciati José Augusto César , de Souza Eduardo Lemos , Costa Sérgio Carvalho , Sander Herbert Haueisen , de Magalhães Barros Vinícius , Vasconcellos Walison Arthuso 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Background
Invasive cervical resorption (ICR) is not well understood by the professional, being misdiagnosed, leading to inappropriate treatment and unnecessary loss of tooth.

Introduction
ICR is defined as a localized process of resorption, which begins in the cervical area of the tooth, just below the epithelial junction and above the ridge crest in the area of the connective tissue insertion. Possible predisposing factors include external trauma, orthodontic movement, surgical procedures, periodontal disease and its treatments, endogenous bleaching, pressure generated by wind instruments and herpes virus infection. Different approaches have been suggested for the treatment of ICR, depending on the extent of the lesion and its location. However, in some cases due to the severity of the injury, there is no alternative but to tooth extraction, followed by restoration of the edentulous area.

Aim and objective
Discuss etiology, diagnosis and classification of the ICR, as well as different treatment options. Also is presented a case in which extraction was carried out, installation of the implant and ceramic crown, subsequent to a treatment approach that resulted in failure in the short-term period.

Conclusion
Early diagnosis of the ICR is critical to proper treatment and favorable prognosis. Interdisciplinary treatment should be instituted as soon as possible, avoiding the loss of the affected tooth. In advanced cases, treatment involving the installation of osseointegrated implants should be considered the first choice of treatment.

Clinical significance
Early diagnosis of the ICR is critical do prevent unnecessary tooth loss, once the prognosis for advanced cases is doubtful.

How to cite this article
Discacciati JAC, de Souza EL, Costa SC, Sander HH, Barros VM, Vasconcellos WA. Invasive Cervical Resorption: Etiology, Diagnosis, Classification and Treatment. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):723-728.
Orbital Abscess arising from an Odontogenic Infection
Authors: Vijayan Ajoy , Sreejith VP , LNU Ranjini , Ahamed Gufran 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTAimPresenting a rare complication of an odontogenic infection extending to the orbit.BackgroundA 45-year-old male patient reported with periorbital swelling of eyelids, of the left eye, foul smelling nasal discharge and a pus draining sinus on the left lower eyelid area.Case descriptionThe patient gave history of pain in the left upper first molar tooth 1 week back. His intraoral examination showed poor oral hygiene with tenderness on percussion on the left maxillary first molar. Investigations showed possible extension of infection from left maxillary molar root to maxillary sinus and to the orbital floor.ConclusionA case of periapical infection of a maxillary left molar resulting in an orbital abscess is presented. Identification of odontogenic source of infections, institution of drainage, removal of offending teeth and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are mandatory in preventing loss of vision and cerebral extensions. The pathways of spread of the infection, treatment aspects, are discussed and complications are reviewed.How to cite this articleVijayan A, Sreejith VP, Ranjini, Ahamed G. Orbital Abscess arising from an Odontogenic Infection. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):740-743.
Root Cause Analysis of Problems in the Frozen Section Diagnosis of In Situ, Minimally Invasive, and Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Walts Ann E. , Marchevsky Alberto M. 
Published: November 2012

Context.—Frozen sections can help determine the extent of surgery by distinguishing in situ, minimally invasive, and invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung.Objective.—To evaluate our experience with the frozen section diagnosis of these lesions using root-cause analysis.Design.—Frozen sections from 224 consecutive primary pulmonary adenocarcinomas (in situ, 27 [12.1%]; minimally invasive, 46 [20.5%]; invasive, 151 [67.4%]) were reviewed. Features that could have contributed to frozen section errors and deferrals were evaluated.Results.—There were no false-positive diagnoses of malignancy. Frozen section errors and deferrals were identified in 12.1% (27 of 224) and 6.3% (14 of 224) of the cases, respectively. Significantly more errors occurred in the diagnosis of in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma than in the diagnosis of invasive adenocarcinoma (P &lt; .001). Frozen section errors and deferrals were twice as frequent in lesions smaller than 1.0 cm (P = .09). Features significantly associated with errors and deferrals included intraoperative consultation by more than one pathologist (P = .003) and more than one sample of frozen lung section (P = .001). Inflammation with reactive atypia, fibrosis/scar, sampling problems, and suboptimal quality sections were identified in 51.2% (21 of 41), 36.6% (15 of 41), 26.8% (11 of 41), and 9.8% (4 of 41) of the errors and deferrals, respectively (more than one of these factors was identified in some cases). Frozen section errors and deferrals had significant clinical impact in only 4 patients (1.8%); each had to undergo completion video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy less than 90 days after the initial surgery.Conclusions.—The distinction of in situ from minimally invasive adenocarcinoma is difficult in both frozen and permanent sections. We identified several technical and interpretive features that likely contributed to frozen section errors and deferrals and suggest practice modifications that are likely to improve diagnostic accuracy.
A Unique, Histopathologic Lesion in a Subset of Patients With Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Belchis Deborah A. , Shekitka Kris , Gocke Christopher D. 
Published: November 2012

Context.—Spontaneous pneumothorax can be idiopathic (primary), or it can occur in association with an underlying predisposing condition (secondary). Spontaneous pneumothorax may be a harbinger of an undiagnosed clinical condition, which may be associated with serious systemic abnormalities, making early recognition and diagnosis important. The pulmonary pathology of some of these disorders has not been fully elucidated.Objective.—To review cases of pneumothorax in the hope of identifying pathologic features that might correlate to specific clinical syndromes.Design.—The pathology computer files at 3 hospitals were searched for all cases of spontaneous pneumothorax, primary and secondary, regardless of etiology during a 11-year period. Ninety-two cases were retrieved. Each of the cases was evaluated for reactive eosinophilic pleuritis, elastosis, pleural fibrosis, emphysema, intra-alveolar macrophages, cholesterol clefts, vasculopathy, and intraparenchymal or intrapleural cysts. Clinical information regarding asthma and smoking history, site of the pneumothorax, family history, radiographic findings, predisposing conditions, recurrence, age, and sex were extracted from the medical records.Results.—In 11 patients (12% of all the patients with spontaneous pneumothorax), a distinctive pattern of pleural fibrosis with islands of fibroblastic foci within a myxoid stroma was noted at the pleural-parenchymal interface or leading edge. These lesions correlated with a select subset of patients, consisting predominantly of young men.Conclusions.—Our review identified a distinct pattern of pneumothorax–associated fibroblastic lesions in a subset of cases of spontaneous pneumothorax. Whether this is related to the pathogenesis of the pneumothorax remains to be elucidated.
Distance Matters: Spatial Contiguity Effects as Trade‐Off between Gaze Switches and Memory Load
Authors: Bauhoff Vera , Huff Markus , Schwan Stephan 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe present study combined the approaches of multimedia learning and of comparative visual search (Hardiess, Gillner, & Mallot, 2008) in order to analyse the processing of spatially separated information. Participants were asked to compare two depictions of a mechanical pendulum clock to detect no, one, or two differences between them. The spatial distance between the two depictions was varied, and participants received either stimulus‐related information about the functionalities of pendulum clocks or stimulus‐unrelated information about the design of cuckoo clocks. The study demonstrates a trade‐off between gaze movement and working memory use. We observed fewer gaze shifts with increasing distance between the pictures, suggesting higher working memory use. The findings indicate that the distance between two pictures, domain knowledge and visual working memory span are important factors that determine memory load required for processing split information sources. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remembered Utility of Unpleasant and Pleasant Learning Experiences: Is All Well that Ends Well?
Authors: Hoogerheide Vincent , Paas Fred 
Published: November 2012

SummaryRetrospective evaluation of the pain or pleasure associated with past episodes (i.e. remembered utility) is mainly determined by how the episodes felt when they were at their peak, and when they ended (Kahneman, Fredrickson, Schreiber, & Redelmeier, 1993). Two experiments were conducted to investigate whether this memory bias known as the peak‐end rule also affects the remembered utility of learning episodes and shapes study behaviour. Both the first experiment, which focused on unpleasant learning experiences imposing a very high cognitive load, and the second experiment, which focused on pleasant learning experiences imposing a low cognitive load, presented primary school children with a short study list and an extended study list with English–Dutch word pairs. Results showed that study experiences that ended on an experienced peak affect were evaluated as easier to learn and easier to cope with. These measures of remembered utility shaped children's immediate and delayed study behaviour. In addition, the pattern of affect induced by the word pairs that were added to the extended study list in both experiments suggests that the experience with new learning tasks is relative to the affect induced by the original learning task. The findings are congruent with the peak‐end rule and support the position that the design of learning environments could be improved by taking remembered utility into account. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expedient Synthesis of Functionalized Triarylmethanols through Tandem Formation of Geminal CC and CO Bonds
Authors: Tian Yu , Sui Yi , Gu Yonghong , Tian Shi‐Kai 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe rearrangement/oxidation of N,N‐disubstituted anilines and the formal dehydrogenative cross‐coupling of diarylmethanols with aniline derivatives have been developed for the preparation of symmetric and unsymmetric functionalized triarylmethanols. Both reactions proceed smoothly in trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of an inexpensive oxidant (manganese dioxide or potassium persulfate) and a catalytic amount of palladium diacetate to give a range of functionalized triarylmethanols in moderate to good yields and with extremely high regioselectivity. The two unprecedented reactions involve tandem formation of geminal CC and CO bonds, and they are synthetically useful, atom‐efficient, and operationally simple.
An Indium(III)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 4,4‐Dichloro‐1‐aryl‐N‐alkyl‐1‐yn‐3‐amines via an Intermolecular C(sp2)C(sp) Bond Formation
Authors: Malakar Chandi C. , Maes Bert U. W. , Tehrani Kourosch Abbaspour 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper demonstrates an indium(III) triflate‐catalyzed reaction of electron‐deficient α,α‐dichloroaldimines with terminal alkynes leading to a rapid and selective access to highly functionalized propargylic amines in good to excellent yields. The dichloromethylene moiety of the aldimine acts as an activating group to accomplish this transformation under very mild conditions.
Improving Competitiveness of Small‐ and Medium‐Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Agriproduct Export Business Through ANP: The Turkey Case
Authors: Ada Erhan , Kazancoglu Yigit , Sagnak Muhittin 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTAgricultural production has considerable potential in Turkey. Different regions of the country are able to supply a variety of agricultural products due to the wide‐range of climate conditions and high land quality. Also, the majority of the water resources in the region are located within the country. Hence, with the implementation of the effective agricultural policies, agricultural products can be significantly increased in terms of quality and quantity. In this context, this study investigates findings from an explanatory study of dried fruit production and exports to improve SMEs’ competitiveness in the agriproduct export business. Turkey reported a trade deficit equivalent to USD 7533 million in November of 2011, and this shortfall is becoming more threatening day by day. Because Turkey has a comparative advantage in the dried food industry, it would be valuable to conduct a study to present a management decision tool to determine which factors are more important and to identify the weights that are most significant for dried fruit exporters. The analytical network process (ANP) method was selected to solve the problem because it has been successfully used to evaluate the factors when interdependency exists in between the decision criteria. The contributions of the study could be extended to other sectors and problem areas of business management because the approach, model, and methodology can be easily adopted by practitioners.
Asymmetrische Ionenpaarkatalyse
Authors: Brak Katrien , Jacobsen Eric N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGeladene Intermediate und Reagentien sind in organischen Transformationen ubiquitär. Die Wechselwirkungen dieser ionischen Spezies mit chiralen neutralen, anionischen oder kationischen kleinen Molekülen haben sich zu einer leistungsfähigen Strategie in der katalytischen enantioselektiven Synthese entwickelt. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt die Entwicklungen in dem aufstrebenden Gebiet der asymmetrischen Ionenpaarkatalyse mit dem Schwerpunkt auf strukturellen und mechanistischen Eigenschaften, die zu der hohen asymmetrischen Induktion dieser Reaktionen beitragen.
Synthesis and Thermal Decomposition Behaviors of Magnesium Borohydride Ammoniates with Controllable Composition as Hydrogen Storage Materials
Authors: Yang Yanjing , Liu Yongfeng , Li You , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn ammonia‐redistribution strategy for synthesizing metal borohydride ammoniates with controllable coordination number of NH3 was proposed, and a series of magnesium borohydride ammoniates were easily synthesized by a mechanochemical reaction between Mg(BH4)2 and its hexaammoniate. A strong dependence of the dehydrogenation temperature and purity of the released hydrogen upon heating on the coordination number of NH3 was elaborated for Mg(BH4)2⋅x NH3 owing to the change in the molar ratio of Hδ+ and Hδ−, the charge distribution on Hδ+ and Hδ−, and the strength of the coordinate bond N:→Mg2+. The monoammoniate of magnesium borohydride (Mg(BH4)2⋅NH3) was obtained for the first time. It can release 6.5 % pure hydrogen within 50 minutes at 180 °C.
Modulatory effect of methanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina (MEVA) on tert‐butyl hydroperoxide–induced erythrocyte haemolysis
Authors: Adesanoye Omolola A. , Molehin Olorunfemi R. , Delima Adetutu A. , Adefegha Adeniyi S. , Farombi Ebenezer O. 
Published: November 2012

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the aetiology of several pathological and degenerative diseases. The protective effect of natural products possessing antioxidant properties has played a crucial role in ameliorating these deleterious effects. This study investigated the chemoprotective properties of the methanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina (MEVA) in an experimental model of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (t‐BHP)–induced human erythrocyte lysis in vitro.Haemolysis was induced by incubating erythrocytes with t‐BHP (2 and 3 mM) in vitro. Samples of erythrocyte suspensions were removed at different intervals over a 6‐h period, and the degree of haemolysis was measured. The anti‐haemolytic effect of MEVA at 25–150 µg ml–1 concentrations on the samples were assessed and compared with Triton X‐100.Administration of t‐BHP at 2‐ and 3‐mM concentrations significantly (p < 0.05) induced erythrocyte lysis by 37.5% and 31.4%, respectively. The addition of MEVA, however, reduced t‐BHP–induced erythrocyte lysis significantly (p < 0.05) by 39.3%, 48.4%, 67.3% and 73.4% at 25, 50, 100 and 150 µg ml–1 concentrations, respectively. MEVA likewise protected against t‐BHP–induced lipid peroxidation significantly (p < 0.05) at 100 and 150 µg ml–1 by the fourth hour and non‐significantly (p > 0.05) at all concentrations by the sixth hour. The reduced glutathione level was, however, increased with the administration of t‐BHP, while a delayed addition of MEVA had no protective effect on the t‐BHP–induced cell lysis.These findings therefore suggest that MEVA may have protective antioxidant properties, making it suitable for incorporation into food and drug products. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequence‐Dependent Structural Dynamics of Primate Adenosine‐to‐Inosine Editing Substrates
Authors: Dahabieh Michael Samir , Samanta Dhrubajyoti , Brodovitch Jean‐Claude , Frech Christian , O'Neill Melanie A. , Pinto B. Mario 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHumans have the highest level of adenosine‐to‐inosine (A‐to‐I) editing amongst primates, yet the reasons for this difference remain unclear. Sequence analysis of the Alu Sg elements (A‐to‐I RNA substrates) corresponding to the Nup50 gene in human, chimp, and rhesus reveals subtle sequence variations surrounding the edit sites. We have developed three constructs that represent human (HuAp5), chimp (ChAp5), and rhesus (RhAp5) Nup50 Alu Sg A‐to‐I editing substrates. Here, 2‐aminopurine (2‐Ap) was substituted for edited adenosine (A5) so as to monitor the fluorescence intensity with respect to temperature. UV and steady‐state fluorescence (SSF) TM plots indicate that local and global unfolding are coincident, with the human construct displaying a TM of approximately 70 °C, compared to 60 °C for chimp and 54 °C for rhesus. However, time‐resolved fluorescence (TRF) resolves three different fluorescence lifetimes that we assign to folded, intermediate(s), and unfolded states. The TRF data fit well to a two‐intermediate model, whereby both intermediates (M, J) are in equilibrium with each other, and the folded/unfolded states. Our model suggests that, at 37 °C, human state J and the folded state will be the most heavily populated in comparison to the other primate constructs. In order for adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) to efficiently dock, a stable duplex must be present that corresponds to the human construct, globally. Next, the enzyme must “flip out” the base of interest to facilitate the A‐to‐I conversion; a nucleotide in an intermediate‐like position would enhance this conformational change. Our experiments demonstrate that subtle variations in RNA sequence might contribute to the high A‐to‐I editing levels found in humans.
α‐Complementation in an Artificial Genome Replication System in Liposomes
Authors: Nishiyama Kotaro , Ichihashi Norikazu , Matsuura Tomoaki , Kazuta Yasuaki , Yomo Tetsuya 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGenome size is considered one of the limiting factors for the replication of primitive life forms. However, the relationship between genome size and replication efficiency has not been tested experimentally. In this study, we examined the effect of genome size on genome replication by using an artificial cell model: a self‐replicating RNA genome encapsulated in a liposome. For the reduced genome size we used α‐complementation of the lacZ gene. We first characterized α‐complementation in the purified translation system and then applied α‐complementation to the genome replication system. The reduction in the genome size together with the addition of ω‐fragment increased the replication efficiency approximately eightfold. This result provides experimental evidence that genome size can be a limiting factor for primitive self‐replication systems; it also implies that this artificial cell model could be a useful experimental model to identify possible mechanisms of genome enlargement.