bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Installing kelp forests/seaweed beds for mitigation and adaptation against global warming: Korean Project Overview
Authors: Chung Ik Kyo , Oak Jung Hyun , Lee Jin Ae , Shin Jong Ahm , Kim Jong Gyu , Park Kwang-Seok 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Chung, I. K., Oak, J. H., Lee, J. A., Shin, J. A., Kim, J. G., and Park, K.-S. 2013. Installing kelp forests/seaweed beds for mitigation and adaptation against global warming: Korean Project Overview. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1038–1044. Seaweed beds can serve as a significant carbon dioxide (CO2) sink while also satisfying global needs for food, fodder, fuel, and pharmaceutical products. The goal of our Korean Project has been to develop new baseline and monitoring methodologies for mitigation and adaptation within the context of climate change. Using innovative research approaches, we have established the Coastal CO2 Removal Belt (CCRB), which comprises both natural and man-made plant communities in the coastal region of southern Korea. Implemented on various spatial–temporal scales, this scheme promotes the removal of CO2 via marine forests. For example, when populated with the perennial brown alga Ecklonia, a pilot CCRB farm can draw down ∼10 t of CO2 per ha per year. This success is manifested by an increment in biomass accumulations and a decrease in the amount of dissolved inorganic carbon in the water column.
Carbon and Nitrogen Provisions Alter the Metabolic Flux in Developing Soybean Embryos
Authors: Allen Doug K. , Young Jamey D. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) seeds store significant amounts of their biomass as protein, levels of which reflect the carbon and nitrogen received by the developing embryo. The relationship between carbon and nitrogen supply during filling and seed composition was examined through a series of embryo-culturing experiments. Three distinct ratios of carbon to nitrogen supply were further explored through metabolic flux analysis. Labeling experiments utilizing [U-13C5]glutamine, [U-13C4]asparagine, and [1,2-13C2]glucose were performed to assess embryo metabolism under altered feeding conditions and to create corresponding flux maps. Additionally, [U-14C12]sucrose, [U-14C6]glucose, [U-14C5]glutamine, and [U-14C4]asparagine were used to monitor differences in carbon allocation. The analyses revealed that: (1) protein concentration as a percentage of total soybean embryo biomass coincided with the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio; (2) altered nitrogen supply did not dramatically impact relative amino acid or storage protein subunit profiles; and (3) glutamine supply contributed 10% to 23% of the carbon for biomass production, including 9% to 19% of carbon to fatty acid biosynthesis and 32% to 46% of carbon to amino acids. Seed metabolism accommodated different levels of protein biosynthesis while maintaining a consistent rate of dry weight accumulation. Flux through ATP-citrate lyase, combined with malic enzyme activity, contributed significantly to acetyl-coenzyme A production. These fluxes changed with plastidic pyruvate kinase to maintain a supply of pyruvate for amino and fatty acids. The flux maps were independently validated by nitrogen balancing and highlight the robustness of primary metabolism.
Physical Interaction of Floral Organs Controls Petal Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Takeda Seiji , Iwasaki Akira , Matsumoto Noritaka , Uemura Tomohiro , Tatematsu Kiyoshi , Okada Kiyotaka 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFlowering plants bear beautiful flowers to attract pollinators. Petals are the most variable organs in flowering plants, with their color, fragrance, and shape. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), petal primordia arise at a similar time to stamen primordia and elongate at later stages through the narrow space between anthers and sepals. Although many of the genes involved in regulating petal identity and primordia growth are known, the molecular mechanism for the later elongation process remains unknown. We found a mutant, folded petals1 (fop1), in which normal petal development is inhibited during their growth through the narrow space between sepals and anthers, resulting in formation of folded petals at maturation. During elongation, the fop1 petals contact the sepal surface at several sites. The conical-shaped petal epidermal cells are flattened in the fop1 mutant, as if they had been pressed from the top. Surgical or genetic removal of sepals in young buds restores the regular growth of petals, suggesting that narrow space within a bud is the cause of petal folding in the fop1 mutant. FOP1 encodes a member of the bifunctional wax ester synthase/diacylglycerol acyltransferase family, WSD11, which is expressed in elongating petals and localized to the plasma membrane. These results suggest that the FOP1/WSD11 products synthesized in the petal epidermis may act as a lubricant, enabling uninhibited growth of the petals as they extend between the sepals and the anthers.
Identification of Direct Targets of FUSCA3, a Key Regulator of Arabidopsis Seed Development
Authors: Wang Fangfang , Perry Sharyn E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFUSCA3 (FUS3) is a B3 domain transcription factor that is a member of the LEAFY COTYLEDON (LEC) group of genes. The LEC genes encode proteins that also include LEC2, a B3 domain factor related to FUS3, and LEC1, a CCAAT box-binding factor. LEC1, LEC2, and FUS3 are essential for plant embryo development. All three loss-of-function mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) prematurely exit embryogenesis and enter seedling developmental programs. When ectopically expressed, these genes promote embryo programs in seedlings. We report on chromatin immunoprecipitation-tiling array experiments to globally map binding sites for FUS3 that, along with other published work to assess transcriptomes in response to FUS3, allow us to determine direct from indirect targets. Many transcription factors associated with embryogenesis are direct targets of FUS3, as are genes involved in the seed maturation program. FUS3 regulates genes encoding microRNAs that, in turn, control transcripts encoding transcription factors involved in developmental phase changes. Examination of direct targets of FUS3 reveals that FUS3 acts primarily or exclusively as a transcriptional activator. Regulation of microRNA-encoding genes is one mechanism by which FUS3 may repress indirect target genes. FUS3 also directly up-regulates VP1/ABI3-LIKE1 (VAL1), encoding a B3 domain protein that functions as a repressor of transcription. VAL1, along with VAL2 and VAL3, is involved in the transition from embryo to seedling development. Many genes are responsive to FUS3 and to VAL1/VAL2 but with opposite regulatory consequences. The emerging picture is one of complex cross talk and interactions among embryo transcription factors and their target genes.
ArabidopsisChromatin Remodeling Factor PICKLE Interacts with Transcription Factor HY5 to Regulate Hypocotyl Cell Elongation
Authors: Jing Yanjun , Zhang Dong , Wang Xin , Tang Weijiang , Wang Wanqing , Huai Junling , Xu Gang , Chen Dongqin , Li Yunliang , Lin Rongcheng 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPhotomorphogenesis is a critical plant developmental process that involves light-mediated transcriptome changes, histone modifications, and inhibition of hypocotyl growth. However, the chromatin-based regulatory mechanism underlying this process remains largely unknown. Here, we identify ENHANCED PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (EPP1), previously known as PICKLE (PKL), an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor of the chromodomain/helicase/DNA binding family, as a repressor of photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that PKL/EPP1 expression is repressed by light in the hypocotyls in a photoreceptor-dependent manner. Furthermore, we reveal that the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) binds to the promoters of cell elongation–related genes and recruits PKL/EPP1 through their physical interaction. PKL/EPP1 in turn negatively regulates HY5 by repressing trimethylation of histone H3 Lys 27 at the target loci, thereby regulating the expression of these genes and, thus, hypocotyl elongation. We also show that HY5 possesses transcriptional repression activity. Our study reveals a crucial role for a chromatin remodeling factor in repressing photomorphogenesis and demonstrates that transcription factor–mediated recruitment of chromatin-remodeling machinery is important for plant development in response to changing light environments.
Insect‐Resistant Food Packaging Film Development Using Cinnamon Oil and Microencapsulation Technologies
Authors: Kim In‐Hah , Han Jaejoon , Na Ja Hyun , Chang Pahn‐Sik , Chung Myung Sub , Park Ki Hwan , Min Sea C. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTInsect‐resistant films containing a microencapsulated insect‐repelling agent were developed to protect food products from the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella). Cinnamon oil (CO), an insect repelling agent, was encapsulated with gum arabic, whey protein isolate (WPI)/maltodextrin (MD), or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). A low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) film was coated with an ink or a polypropylene (PP) solution that incorporated the microcapsules. The encapsulation efficiency values obtained with gum arabic, WPI/MD, and PVA were 90.4%, 94.6%, and 80.7%, respectively. The films containing a microcapsule emulsion of PVA and CO or incorporating a microcapsule powder of WPI/MD and CO were the most effective (P < 0.05) at repelling moth larvae. The release rate of cinnamaldehyde, an active repellent of cinnamaldehyde, in the PP was 23 times lower when cinnamaldehyde was microencapsulated. Coating with the microcapsules did not alter the tensile properties of the films. The invasion of larvae into cookies was prevented by the insect‐repellent films, demonstrating potential for the films in insect‐resistant packaging for food products.Practical Application: The insect‐repelling effect of cinnamon oil incorporated into LDPE films was more effective with microencapsulation. The system developed in this research with LDPE film may also be extended to other food‐packaging films where the same coating platform can be used. This platform is interchangeable and easy to use for the delivery of insect‐repelling agents. The films can protect a wide variety of food products from invasion by the Indian meal moth.
Riboflavin at High Doses Enhances Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration
Authors: Yang Hui‐ting , Chao Pei‐chun , Yin Mei‐chin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe influence of riboflavin (vitamin B2) upon growth, invasion, and migration in non‐small cell lung cancer cell lines was evaluated. Riboflavin at 1, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, or 400 μmol/L was added into A549, H3255, or Calu‐6 cells. The effects of this compound upon level and/or expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokines, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1, fibronectin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9, MMP‐2, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) were examined. Results showed that riboflavin at test doses did not affect the level of ROS and glutathione. Riboflavin at 200 and 400 μmol/L significantly enhanced cell growth in test lung cancer cell lines, and at 400 μmol/L significantly increased the release of interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and vascular endothelial growth factor. This agent at 200 and 400 μmol/L also upregulated protein production of ICAM‐1, fibronectin, MMP‐9, MMP‐2, NF‐κB p50, p‐p38 MAPK, and FAK; and at 400 μmol/L enhanced invasion and migration in test cell lines. These findings suggested that riboflavin at high doses might promote lung cancer progression.
Towards a gene expression biomarker set for human biological age
Authors: Holly Alice C. , Melzer David , Pilling Luke C. , Henley William , Hernandez Dena G. , Singleton Andrew B. , Bandinelli Stefania , Guralnik Jack M. , Ferrucci Luigi , Harries Lorna W. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryWe have previously described a statistical model capable of distinguishing young (age <65 years) from old (age ≥75 years) individuals. Here we studied the performance of a modified model in three populations and determined whether individuals predicted to be biologically younger than their chronological age had biochemical and functional measures consistent with a younger biological age. Those with ‘younger’ gene expression patterns demonstrated higher muscle strength and serum albumin, and lower interleukin‐6 and blood urea concentrations relative to ‘biologically older’ individuals (odds ratios 2.09, 1.64, 0.74, 0.74; P = 2.4 × 10−2, 3.5 × 10−4, 1.8 × 10−2, 1.5 × 10−2, respectively). We conclude that our expression signature of age is robust across three populations and may have utility for estimation of biological age.
Empirical move‐on rules to inform fishing strategies: aNewEngland case study
Authors: Dunn Daniel C , Boustany Andre M , Roberts Jason J , Brazer Eric , Sanderson Melissa , Gardner Beth , Halpin Patrick N 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIncreasingly, fisheries are being managed under catch quotas that are often further allocated to specific permit holders or sectors. At the same time, serious consideration is being given to the effects of discards on the health of target and non‐target species. Some quota systems have incorporated discard reduction as an objective by counting discards (including unmarketable fish) against the overall quota. The potential effect of the introduction of a quota system that includes accountability for discards on the fishing strategies employed by fishermen is enormous. This is particularly true for multispecies fisheries where healthy and depleted stocks co‐exist; resulting in a trip's catch being applied to very large and very small stock quotas simultaneously. Under such a scenario, fishermen have a strong incentive to minimize (i) catch of low‐quota or ‘choke’ stocks, (ii) regulatory discards due to minimum size limits and (iii) catch partially consumed by predators. ‘Move‐on’ rules (i.e. event‐triggered, targeted, temporary closure of part of a fishery when a catch or bycatch threshold is reached) have been employed in a variety of fisheries. However, their efficacy has been limited by a lack of empirical analyses underpinning the rules. Here, we examine the utility of spatiotemporal autocorrelation analyses to inform ‘move‐on’ rules to assist a sector of theNewEnglandMultispeciesFishery to reduce discards and maximize profits. We find the use of empirical move‐on rules could reduce catch of juvenile and choke stocks between 27 and 33%, and depredation events between 41 and 54%.
Strategic Tax Collection and Fiscal Decentralization: The Case of Russia
Authors: Libman Alexander , Feld Lars P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn a centralized federation, in which tax rates and taxation rules are set by the federal government, manipulating the thoroughness of tax auditing and the effectiveness of tax collection could be attractive for regional authorities. In this article, we test for strategic tax collection empirically using data of the Russian Federation. Russia’s regional authorities in the 1990s have always been suspected of tax auditing manipulations in their favour. However, in the 2000s, increasing bargaining power of the centre seems to induce tax collection bodies in the regions to manipulate tax auditing in favour of the federal centre. Our findings confirm the existence of strategic tax collection for the Yeltsin period; the results for the Putin period are however ambiguous.
Why detailed model gene studies in higher eukaryotes are still necessary
Authors: Bonifer Constanze 
Published: January 2013

SummaryAlterations in gene expression programmes are controlled by sequence‐specific DNA‐binding proteins that interact with the epigenetic regulatory machinery. The sum of such processes comprises a gene regulatory network and differentiation processes involve transitions between such networks. However, while great progress has been made to identify network components, this list is not complete, and we still do not fully understand how they work together. In this article, I argue that one reason for this lack of knowledge is the fact that we still do not understand what controls the cell stage and cell state‐specific regulation of individual genes and review examples highlighting this notion.
Interleukin‐4‐induced loss of CD8 expression and cytolytic function in effector CD8 T cells persists long term in vivo
Authors: Olver Stuart , Apte Simon H. , Baz Adriana , Kelso Anne , Kienzle Norbert 
Published: January 2013

SummaryActivation of naive CD8+ T cells in the presence of interleukin‐4 modulates their CD8 co‐receptor expression and functional differentiation, resulting in the generation of CD8low cells that produce type 2 cytokines and display poor cytolytic and anti‐tumour activity. Although this CD8low phenotype becomes stable after about a week and can persist with further stimulation in vitro, it is not known whether it can be maintained long term in vivo. Here we report that CD8low cells derived from oval‐bumin257–264‐specific T‐cell receptor‐transgenic CD8+ T cells activated in the presence of interleukin‐4 could be detected in the spleen for at least 4 months after adoptive transfer into normal mice. A significant proportion of the long‐term surviving cells retained their CD8low phenotype in vivo and after clonal re‐activation in vitro. Although long‐term surviving CD8low cells lacked detectable cytolytic activity or perforin expression, they showed some anti‐tumour function in vivo. The persistence of functional cells with a CD8low phenotype in vivo raises the possibility that such cells can contribute to effector or regulatory responses to tumours or pathogens.
Modulation of B‐cell tolerance by Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 infection: requirement for Orf73 viral gene expression and follicular helper T cells
Authors: Gauld Stephen B. , De Santis Jessica L. , Kulinski Joseph M. , McGraw Jennifer A. , Leonardo Steven M. , Ruder Elizabeth A. , Maier Weston , Tarakanova Vera L. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryViruses such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) have been linked to mechanisms that support autoantibody production in diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the mechanisms by which viruses contribute to autoantibody production remain poorly defined. This stems in part, from the high level of seropositivity for EBV (> 95%) and the exquisite species specificity of EBV. In this study we overcame these problems by using murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68), a virus genetically and biologically related to EBV. We first showed that MHV68 drives autoantibody production by promoting a loss of B‐cell anergy. We next showed that MHV68 infection resulted in the expansion of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in vivo, and that these Tfh cells supported autoantibody production and a loss of B‐cell anergy. Finally, we showed that the expansion of Tfh cells and autoantibody production was dependent on the establishment of viral latency and expression of a functional viral gene called Orf73. Collectively, our studies highlighted an unexpected role for viral latency in the development of autoantibodies following MHV68 infection and suggest that virus‐induced expansion of Tfh cells probably plays a key role in the loss of B‐cell anergy.
Toxic Metals (Hg, Pb, and Cd) in Commercially Important Demersal Fish from Mediterranean Sea: Contamination Levels and Dietary Exposure Assessment
Authors: Storelli Maria M. , Barone Grazia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) were quantified in muscle tissue of 5 species of demersal fish (european conger eel, rosefish, brown ray, blackbellied angler, and red mullet) commonly consumed in Italy. In all species studied, Hg was the most abundant element, followed by Pb and Cd, which exhibited comparable levels. Cd and Pb concentrations did not differ either within individuals of the same species or among various species examined, whereas Hg accumulation was species‐specific. Significant positive correlations between Hg concentrations and fish length for the 5 characterized species were observed. From a public health standpoint, Pb concentrations were under the legal limit for human consumption indicated by European Regulation, whereas Hg and Cd content occurred at levels exceeding the respective critical values in most of the samples examined. The estimated weekly intakes (EWIs) as well as the target hazard quotients (THQs) for Cd and Pb indicated that fish were safe for human consumption, whereas major concern was related to Hg. Fish size‐related changes in Hg concentrations determined high THQ and EWI values relatively to larger size fish consumption of these species, except for red mullet, suggesting potential health human risk. A continuous surveillance system of Hg content in fishery products, especially in certain species that for physiological reasons concentrate Hg more easily than others is crucial for consumer health protection.Practical Application: The present article deals with metal (Hg, Cd, and Pb) concentrations in commercially important demersal fish from Mediterranean Sea. The dietary intakes of these elements have been estimated and the dietary exposure assessment was calculated. This kind of study will help the consumers to make an informative choice when buying fish.
Factors influencing peritoneal dialysis patients' psychosocial adjustment
Authors: Wang Tsae‐Jyy , Lin Mei‐Yu , Liang Shu‐Yuan , Wu Shu‐Fang Vivienne , Tung Heng‐Hsin , Tsay Shiow‐Luan 
Published: January 2013

Aims and objectivesThe specific aims of this study were as follows: (1) to describe psychosocial adjustment in adults with end‐stage renal disease who underwent maintenance peritoneal dialysis; (2) to explore the influence of demographics, clinical variables, symptom distress and social support on psychosocial adjustment and (3) to determine predictive factors of psychosocial adjustment.BackgroundProper psychosocial adjustment is important for patients with end‐stage renal disease to cope with multiple stressors of their disease and to balance their lives within the restrictions imposed by peritoneal dialysis treatment. Knowledge on psychosocial adjustment in patients receiving long‐term peritoneal dialysis has been limited.DesignThe study was based on a predictive correlational design.MethodOne hundred peritoneal dialysis patients were recruited from outpatient peritoneal dialysis clinics of a general hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Data were collected with the study questionnaires, including the Physical Symptom Distress Scale, the Social Support Scale and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale – self‐report.ResultsThe mean score on the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale was 359·7 (SD = 40·0), indicating that these participants were moderately struggling in adjusting to their illness. Symptom distress, family social support and financial status explained 38·3% of the variance in psychosocial adjustment (F3,96 = 21·5, p < 0·001).ConclusionsThe level of psychosocial adjustment in peritoneal dialysis patients is suboptimal. Overall, the patients with high physical symptom distress, weak family social support and poor financial status reported deficient psychosocial adjustment to their illness.Implications for practiceThe findings of this study are relevant to the understanding of preconditions that enable peritoneal dialysis patients to successfully adjust to the disease and its diverse consequences. Patients with insufficient income, higher symptom distress and less family social support have a greater risk of psychosocial maladjustment. Medical professionals may use these variables to identify higher risk groups for early intensive intervention.