bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P2‐NaCo0.5Mn0.5O2 as a Positive Electrode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Peilei , Zhang Chaoyang , Li Malin , Yang Xu , Wang Chunzhong , Bie Xiaofei , Wei Yingjin , Chen Gang , Du Fei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAs a promising positive electrode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), layered sodium oxides have attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this work, stoichiometric P2‐phase NaCo0.5Mn0.5O2 was prepared through the conventional solid‐state reaction, and its structural and physical properties were studied in terms of XRD, XPS, and magnetic susceptibility. Furthermore, the P2‐NaCo0.5Mn0.5O2 electrode delivered a discharge capacity of 124.3 mA h g−1 and almost 100 % initial coulombic efficiency over the potential window of 1.5–4.15 V. It also showed good cycle stability, with a reversible capacity and capacity retention reaching approximately 85 mA h g−1 and 99 %, respectively, at the 5 C rate after 100 cycles. Additionally, cyclic voltammetry and ex situ XRD were employed to explain the electrochemical behavior at the different electrochemical stages. Owing to the applicable performances, P2‐NaCo0.5Mn0.5O2 can be considered as a potential positive electrode material for SIBs.
Unravelling the Ru‐Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis of Biomass‐Based Polyols under Neutral and Acidic Conditions
Authors: Hausoul Peter J. C. , Negahdar Leila , Schute Kai , Palkovits Regina 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aqueous Ru/C‐catalyzed hydrogenolysis of biomass‐based polyols such as erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, and cellobitol is studied under neutral and acidic conditions. For the first time, the complete product spectrum of C2–C6 polyols is identified and, based on a thorough analysis of the reaction mixtures, a comprehensive reaction mechanism is proposed, which consists of (de)hydrogenation, epimerization, decarbonylation, and deoxygenation reactions. The data reveal that the Ru‐catalyzed deoxygenation reaction is highly selective for the cleavage of terminal hydroxyl groups. Changing from neutral to acidic conditions suppresses decarbonylation, consequently increasing the selectivity towards deoxygenation.
Prevention and management of foot problems in diabetes: a Summary Guidance for Daily Practice 2015, based on the IWGDF Guidance Documents
Authors: Schaper N. C. , Van Netten J. J. , Apelqvist J. , Lipsky B. A. , Bakker K. ,   on behalf of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF)
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this ‘Summary Guidance for Daily Practice’, we describe the basic principles of prevention and management of foot problems in persons with diabetes. This summary is based on the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) Guidance 2015. There are five key elements that underpin prevention of foot problems: (1) identification of the at‐risk foot; (2) regular inspection and examination of the at‐risk foot; (3) education of patient, family and healthcare providers; (4) routine wearing of appropriate footwear; and (5) treatment of pre‐ulcerative signs. Healthcare providers should follow a standardized and consistent strategy for evaluating a foot wound, as this will guide further evaluation and therapy. The following items must be addressed: type, cause, site and depth, and signs of infection. There are seven key elements that underpin ulcer treatment: (1) relief of pressure and protection of the ulcer; (2) restoration of skin perfusion; (3) treatment of infection; (4) metabolic control and treatment of co‐morbidity; (5) local wound care; (6) education for patient and relatives; and (7) prevention of recurrence. Finally, successful efforts to prevent and manage foot problems in diabetes depend upon a well‐organized team, using a holistic approach in which the ulcer is seen as a sign of multi‐organ disease, and integrating the various disciplines involved.
Functional self‐assembled lipidic systems derived from renewable resources
Authors: Silverman Julian R. , Samateh Malick , John George 
Published: September 2015

Self‐assembled lipidic amphiphile systems can create a variety of multi‐functional soft materials with value‐added properties. When employing natural reagents and following biocatalytic syntheses, self‐assembling monomers may be inherently designed for degradation, making them potential alternatives to conventional and persistent polymers. By using non‐covalent forces, self‐assembled amphiphiles can form nanotubes, fibers, and other stimuli responsive architectures prime for further applied research and incorporation into commercial products. By viewing these lipid derivatives under a lens of green principles, there is the hope that in developing a structure–function relationship and functional smart materials that research may remain safe, economic, and efficient.A review of various soft materials comprises self‐assembled amphiphilic lipids derived from natural renewable resources. These assemblies are reviewed under a green perspective to assess the viability of incorporating these value‐added multifunctional assemblies into soft materials. Amphiphilic systems derived from cardanol, short, medium, and long chain mono‐, and di‐fatty acids, acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, open‐chain sugar alcohols, and closed‐chain sugars are examined both as monomers and in their secondary architectures that arise upon assembly in certain solvents.
Fischer Reaction with 2‐Perfluoroalkylated Cyclic Imines ― An Efficient Route to 2‐Perfluoroalkyl‐Substituted Tryptamines and Their Derivatives and Homologues
Authors: Shmatova Olga I. , Shevchenko Nikolay E. , Nenajdenko Valentine G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe reaction of 2‐perfluoroalkyl‐substituted cyclic imines with arylhydrazines was investigated. We found that 2‐perfluoroalkylated cyclic imines are highly reactive electrophiles that form, through ring opening, the corresponding hydrazones bearing an amine group at the end of the alkyl chain. Subsequent acidic treatment resulted in a Fischer rearrangement. Thus, a new synthesis of 2‐perfluoroalkylated tryptamines and their homologues through a Fischer reaction was developed. The possibility of modification of the indole core of the 2‐CF3‐substituted tryptamine products was demonstrated, and various 2‐trifluoromethylated tryptamines substituted at the 5‐position were prepared.
The effect of pH on chronic aquatic nickel toxicity is dependent on the pH itself: Extending the chronic nickel bioavailability models
Authors: Nys Charlotte , Janssen Colin R. , Van Sprang Patrick , De Schamphelaere Karel A.C. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

The environmental quality standard for Ni in the European Commission's Water Framework Directive is bioavailability based. Although some of the available chronic Ni bioavailability models are validated only for pH ≤ 8.2, a considerable fraction of European surface waters has a pH &gt; 8.2. Therefore, the authors investigated the effect of a change in pH from 8.2 to 8.7 on chronic Ni toxicity in 3 invertebrate (Daphnia magna, Lymnaea stagnalis, and Brachionus calyciflorus) and 2 plant species (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Lemna minor). Nickel toxicity was almost always significantly higher at pH 8.7 than at pH 8.2. To test whether the existing chronic Ni bioavailability models developed for pH ≤ 8.2 can be used at higher pH levels, Ni toxicity at pH 8.7 was predicted based on Ni toxicity observed at pH 8.2. This resulted in a consistent underestimation of toxicity. The results suggest that the effect of pH on Ni2+ toxicity is dependent on the pH itself: the slope of the pH effect is steeper above than below pH 8.2 for species for which a species-specific bioavailability model exists. Therefore, the existing chronic Ni bioavailability models were modified to allow predictions of chronic Ni toxicity to invertebrates and plants in the pH range of 8.2 to 8.7 by applying a pH slope (SpH) dependent on the pH of the target water. These modified Ni bioavailability models resulted in more accurate predictions of Ni toxicity to all 5 species (within 2-fold error), without the bias observed using the bioavailability models developed for pH ≤ 8.2. The results of the present study can decrease the uncertainty in implementing the bioavailability-based environmental quality standard under the Water Framework Directive for high-pH regions in Europe. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1097–1106. © 2015 SETAC
Novel Graphene Foam Microporous Layers for PEM Fuel Cells: Interfacial Characteristics and Comparative Performance
Authors: Leeuwner M. J. , Wilkinson D. P. , Gyenge E. L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe microporous layer (MPL) provides many beneficial properties for performance improvement of H2 PEM fuel cells, particularly with respect to water management and two‐phase (gas/liquid) flow dynamics. However, the interface between the catalyst layer (CL) and MPL could be a source of additional overpotential losses due to poor electronic conductivity and/or mass transfer limitations. This is particularly important for low loading CLs which may suffer from spatial disconnect with the micro‐scaled features of conventional MPLs. In an effort to better understand the factors influencing the MPL|CL interface, the conventional carbon MPL is comparatively studied with respect to three alternative layers: graphene foam, perforated graphitic sheet and perforated stainless steel. The graphene foam shows beneficial interfacial properties that contribute to electrode kinetic and ohmic improvements during polarization. This can be attributed to the graphene's ability to conform at local length scales due to its unique flake‐like structure (achieved upon compression), an ability to intimately adhere to the CL and the layer's superior conductivity. Further investigation through single cell performance tests supports the application of the graphene foam as an MPL alternative. The results also highlight the interplay of various factors that influence the MPL|CL interface and ultimately the overall polarization performance, such as: morphology, conductivity, connectivity, compression and adhesive effects between layer components.
Parietal cortex integrates contextual and saliency signals during the encoding of natural scenes in working memory
Authors: Santangelo Valerio , Di Francesco Simona Arianna , Mastroberardino Serena , Macaluso Emiliano 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Brief presentation of a complex scene entails that only a few objects can be selected, processed indepth, and stored in memory. Both low‐level sensory salience and high‐level context‐related factors (e.g., the conceptual match/mismatch between objects and scene context) contribute to this selection process, but how the interplay between these factors affects memory encoding is largely unexplored. Here, during fMRI we presented participants with pictures of everyday scenes. After a short retention interval, participants judged the position of a target object extracted from the initial scene. The target object could be either congruent or incongruent with the context of the scene, and could be located in a region of the image with maximal or minimal salience. Behaviourally, we found a reduced impact of saliency on visuospatial working memory performance when the target was out‐of‐context. Encoding‐related fMRI results showed that context–congruent targets activated dorsoparietal regions, while context–incongruent targets de‐activated the ventroparietal cortex. Saliency modulated activity both in dorsal and ventral regions, with larger context‐related effects for salient targets. These findings demonstrate the joint contribution of knowledge‐based and saliency‐driven attention for memory encoding, highlighting a dissociation between dorsal and ventral parietal regions. Hum Brain Mapp 36:5003–5017, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
External beam radiotherapy in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: Fussey Jonathan M. , Crunkhorn Rosa , Tedla Miroslav , Weickert Martin O. , Mehanna Hisham 
Published: September 2015

AbstractExternal beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is not a first line treatment in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), but is recommended as an adjuvant treatment in certain cases. The evidence for EBRT in DTC is limited. A comprehensive literature search was performed. Data on patient demographics, disease stage, treatment characteristics, and outcomes were collected from included articles after quality appraisal. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria, with a pooled population of 5114. Only 1 study was prospective and there were no randomized controlled trials. Most of the evidence suggests that EBRT improves locoregional control in patients at high risk of locoregional recurrence. This was corroborated by analysis of pooled patient data. Available evidence suggests an improvement in locoregional control when EBRT is used in patients over the age of 45 at high risk for locoregional recurrence. However, there is a need for long‐term prospective multicenter research on the subject. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2297–E2305, 2016
Decision Support System for the Real‐Time Operation and Management of an Agricultural Water Supply
Authors: Hong Eun‐Mi , Choi Jin‐Yong , Nam Won‐Ho , Kim Jin‐Taek 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAgricultural uses are responsible for approximately 48% of the total annual water use in South Korea. While approximately 70% of the annual rainfall is received during the summer season, most of the agricultural water is utilized from May to June. Therefore, irrigation facilities including reservoirs, canals and pumps were installed to efficiently manage agricultural water. Efficient operation of irrigation systems is important for sustainable irrigated agriculture, which is undermined due to the low water efficiency of the irrigation systems. Irrigation water management using web‐based decision support systems is necessary to resolve water efficiency problems. In this study, automatic water gauges were installed at the main and secondary irrigation canals in the Dongjin River Basin, South Korea. The water levels in each canal were monitored and the irrigation water supply calculated. An irrigation model considering intermittent irrigation was developed to compare the estimated irrigation demands with the actual supplies for decision‐making and demand strategies. Using this model and water‐level data, a risk‐based decision support system for the operation and management of agricultural water was developed and evaluated. Using this system. it is possible to optimally manage irrigation water and to make plans for efficient agricultural water operation and management. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Irrigation Advisory Service and Performance Indicators in Baixo Acaraú Irrigation District, Brazil
Authors: Corcoles J. I. , Frizzone J. A. , Lima S. C. R. V. , Mateos L. , Neale C. M. U. , Snyder R. L. , Souza F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSeveral decision support systems have been developed and many of them are focused on efficient use of water and energy resources. These include the Irrigation Advisory Service, combined with the use of benchmarking techniques and energy audits.In Brazil, the pioneer project called the Irrigation Advisory Service has been developed in Baixo Acaraú irrigation district, located in the north‐east of Brazil. The main goal of the project is to transfer information about irrigation to farmers.The aim of this paper is to present the results of the Irrigation Advisory Service activities in Baixo Acaraú irrigation district, during the 2011, 2012 and 2013 irrigation seasons. Moreover, the results from the estimation of several performance indicators and from energy: audits carried out are shown as a complementary activity developed by the Irrigation Advisory Service.At the beginning of the irrigation season, on‐field emission of uniformity was close to 67%. During the following evaluations, after recommendations of the Irrigation Advisory Service about the necessity of corrections to the systems, emission of uniformity reached 85%. With regard to the use of performance indicators, some problems relating to maintenance of equipment were noted, resulting in malfunctioning pumps. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Counterstory of One's Own
Authors: Bissonnette Jeanne Dyches , Glazier Jocelyn 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNationwide, virtually all secondary students interact with British literature, a traditionally Anglo, white, male canon. Yet, this revered curriculum provides few mirrors for students from historically marginalized populations to see their own cultures reflected. In this reflective practitioner piece, the authors first illustrate how counterstorytelling—a practice emerging from critical race theory—can break open the canon. Because counterstorytelling invites, values, and projects marginalized voices, when incorporated into the secondary English classroom, the practice helps engage students with the material while developing and honing their literacy skills. Second, the authors detail a lesson demonstrating that the canon and counterstorytelling can work synergistically. Throughout the article, the authors attend to the challenges of using an equity pedagogy to teach a canon that functions as the majoritarian story of the secondary literacy classroom—and society at large. Finally, the authors offer strategies for effectively incorporating counterstorytelling into the secondary English classroom.
Amino Acid Intakes Are Associated With Bone Mineral Density and Prevalence of Low Bone Mass in Women: Evidence From Discordant Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Jennings Amy , MacGregor Alexander , Spector Tim , Cassidy Aedín 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Although a higher protein intake, particularly from vegetable sources, has been shown to be associated with higher bone mineral density (BMD) the relative impact of specific amino acids on BMD and risk of osteoporosis remains to be determined. Mechanistic research suggests that a number of specific amino acids, including five nonessential amino acids—alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, glycine, and proline—may play a role in bone health, principally through improved production of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 and the synthesis of collagen and muscle protein. However to date, no previous studies have examined the associations between habitual intake of amino acids and direct measures of BMD and prevalence of osteoporosis or osteopenia, and no studies have examined this relationship in discordant identical twin-pairs. In these analyses of female monozygotic twin-pairs discordant for amino acid intake (n = 135), twins with higher intakes of alanine and glycine had significantly higher BMD at the spine than their co-twins with within-pair differences in spine-BMD of 0.012 g/cm2 (SE 0.01; p = 0.039) and 0.014 g/cm2 (SE 0.01; p = 0.026), respectively. Furthermore, in cross-sectional multivariable analyses of 3160 females aged 18 to 79 years, a higher intake of total protein was significantly associated with higher DXA-measured BMD at the spine (quartile Q4 to quartile Q1: 0.017 g/cm2, SE 0.01, p = 0.035) and forearm (Q4 to Q1: 0.010 g/cm2, SE 0.003, p = 0.002). Intake of six amino acids (alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, leucine, lysine, and proline) were associated with higher BMD at the spine and forearm with the strongest association observed for leucine (Q4 to Q1: 0.024 g/cm2, SE 0.01, p = 0.007). When intakes were stratified by protein source, vegetable or animal, prevalence of osteoporosis or osteopenia was 13% to 19% lower comparing extreme quartiles of vegetable intake for five amino acids (not glutamic acid or proline). These data provide evidence to suggest that intake of protein and several amino acids, including alanine and glycine, may be beneficial for bone health, independent of genetic background. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Mediating effects of psychological safety in the relationship between team affectivity and transactive memory systems
Authors: Hood Anthony C. , Bachrach Daniel G. , Zivnuska Suzanne , Bendoly Elliot 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn this research, we develop a framework for understanding the emergence of transactive memory systems (TMS) in project‐based teams characterized by different levels of group level positive affectivity (PA) and negative affectivity (NA). With a focus on enhancing understanding of the means of transmission, we test the mediating role played by group level psychological safety (PS) in the relationship between team affectivity and TMS. From a sample of 107 software implementation project teams, in a lagged field study, we find support for a mediated model in which high group NA, but not group PA, promotes environments psychologically unsafe for interpersonal risk‐taking (low PS) and which are negatively associated with TMS. This study extends prior research on the differential effects of PA and NA, by contributing to the limited research on group affectivity, environmental antecedents of TMS, and the mediating role of PS for predicting group level transactive processes and structures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The undermining effect revisited: The salience of everyday verbal rewards and self‐determined motivation
Authors: Hewett Rebecca , Conway Neil 
Published: September 2015

SummarySelf‐determination theory suggests that some rewards can undermine autonomous motivation and related positive outcomes. Key to this undermining is the extent to which rewards are perceived as salient in a given situation; when this is the case, individuals tend to attribute their behavior to the incentive, and the intrinsic value of the task is undermined. The role of salience has yet to be explicitly tested with respect to work motivation; we know little about whether undermining occurs in relation to verbal rewards, which characterize everyday work. We examine this in a field‐based quantitative diary study of 58 employees reporting 287 critical incidents of motivated behavior. When considering simple direct effects, the undermining effect was not supported; highly salient verbal rewards associated positively with introjected and external motivation, but at no cost to autonomous motivation. However, moderator analysis found support for the undermining effect for complex tasks; highly salient verbal rewards associated positively with external motivation while associating negatively with intrinsic and identified motivation. The findings suggest that verbal reward salience is an important characteristic of verbal reward perceptions and that salient verbal rewards are not advisable for more complex tasks but can have a valuable motivational impact for simple tasks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.