bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Keratometric Changes After Myopic Ablation: Ray Tracing Versus Simulated Keratometry
Authors: Mello Glauco Reggiani , Roberts Cynthia J. , Smadja David , Serpe Crislaine C. , Krueger Ronald R. , Santhiago Marcony R. 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To compare the changes in corneal power (ΔK) induced by myopic ablations estimated by Placido-disk and total corneal power (TCP) ray tracing methods to the refractive change (ΔSE).

METHODS:
Manifest refraction, simulated keratometry from a Placido-disk based system, and TCP from a dual-Scheimpflug analyzer were obtained from 35 patients (58 eyes) before and 3 months after a myopic ablation. The change in the manifest refraction that occurred after surgery was then vertex distance corrected and compared to the changes observed in corneal power with the various systems analyzed.

RESULTS:
The Placido-based simulated keratometry overestimated the corneal power after the procedure by 0.50 ± 0.53 diopters (D) when compared to refractive change in the corneal plane induced by the laser surgery (ΔSE-ΔK). The ray tracing method showed the opposite trend, with the TCP simulated keratometry showing an underestimation of the corneal power of −0.25 ± 0.48 D. The Placido system showed a direct correlation between the overestimation of the corneal power and the level of myopia, whereas the ray tracing method showed an underestimation, which was more pronounced in higher levels of myopia.

CONCLUSIONS:
Ray tracing methods underestimate corneal power as opposed to the overestimation in corneal power after refractive surgery, directly related to the level of myopia, observed in Placido-based systems. They have the potential to overcome the errors in calculations based on anterior curvature alone. However, ray tracing methods need to be validated and optimized before it can be used routinely in IOL calculation.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013:29(9):604–610.]
Resolving Refractive Error After Cataract Surgery: IOL Exchange, Piggyback Lens, or LASIK
Authors: Fernández-Buenaga Roberto , Alió Jorge L. , Pérez Ardoy Andrés L. , Quesada Adrián Larrosa , Cortés Laura Pinilla , Barraquer Rafael I. 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the efficacy, predictability, and safety of three different procedures (intraocular lens [IOL] exchange, piggyback lens implantation, and LASIK) to correct residual refractive error following cataract surgery.

METHODS:
A retrospective multicenter study comprised 65 eyes of 54 patients that underwent phacoemulsification, resulting in a unacceptable final refractive error. Eyes were divided into three groups: eyes that had an IOL lens exchange (17 eyes), eyes that had a piggyback lens implanted (20 eyes), and eyes that had LASIK (28 eyes).

RESULTS:

No differences between the IOL exchange and piggyback lens groups in the spherical equivalent, sphere, or cylinder were found (
P
= .072, .436, and .081, respectively). The LASIK group showed a statistically significant reduction in spherical equivalent and refractive cylinder when compared with the IOL exchange group (
P
< .001 and
P
= .001, respectively). The LASIK group showed statistically significant reduced refractive cylinder in comparison with the piggyback lens group (
P
= .002). The median efficacy index was 0.58 (range: 0.28 to 0.93), 0.75 (range: 0.65 to 0.92), and 0.91 (range: 0.85 to 1.14) in the IOL exchange, piggyback lens, and LASIK groups, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between the IOL exchange and LASIK groups (
P
= .004) and the piggyback lens and LASIK groups (
P
= .003). No statistically significant differences were detected in the safety index among groups (
P
= .094). The predictability (±1 diopters of final spherical equivalent) was 62.5% of eyes in the IOL exchange group, 85% of eyes in the piggyback lens group, and 100% of eyes in the LASIK group.

CONCLUSIONS:
The three procedures were effective. The LASIK group showed the best outcomes in efficacy and predictability.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(10):676–683.]
Intra-eye Visual Function Comparison With and Without a Central Hole Contact Lens-Based System: Potential Applications to ICL Design
Authors: Ferrer-Blasco Teresa , García-Lázaro Santiago , Belda-Salmerón Lurdes , Albarrán-Diego César , Montés-Micó Robert 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the effects of a central hole contact lens-based design on visual performance and to compare it with the standard version of that same contact lens without the hole (non-hole scenario).

METHODS:
The visual performance of 10 myopic patients wearing either a central hole myopic contact lens or its corresponding standard version (non-hole contact lens) was assessed on the same eye. Monocular corrected distance visual acuity was measured under photopic conditions and monocular contrast sensitivity was measured under both photopic and mesopic conditions and higher-order ocular aberrations using Hartmann-Shack aberrometry. An in vitro optical analysis of both contact lenses was performed and a symptoms questionnaire was administered to the participants.

RESULTS:

No statistically significant differences in terms of corrected distance visual acuity were found: −0.091 and −0.098 logMAR for the hole and non-hole contact lenses, respectively (
P
> .05). Contrast sensitivity was comparable between lenses and no differences were found for specific spatial frequencies or a particular luminance level (
P
> .05). The hole contact lenses provided excellent outcomes, essentially equivalent to those of non-hole contact lenses, even in terms of subjective symptoms such as glare or halo. In vivo and in vitro optical quality analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between the hole and the non-hole contact lenses for either pupil size (
P
> .1).

CONCLUSION:
A contact lens having a central hole provides good visual and optical quality outcomes comparable to those yielded by the same lens without a hole. The results suggest that the impact of a central hole may be clinically negligible.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(10):702–707.]
Age-Related Changes in Anterior, Posterior, and Total Corneal Astigmatism
Authors: Ueno Yuta , Hiraoka Takahiro , Beheregaray Simone , Miyazaki Maki , Ito Mutsuko , Oshika Tetsuro 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate age-related changes in anterior, posterior, and total corneal astigmatism by comparing simulated keratometric astigmatism to total corneal astigmatism.

METHODS:
Corneal topography of the anterior and posterior surfaces was evaluated using three-dimensional optical coherence tomography in 419 patients with normal eyes (218 men and 201 women) with ages ranging from 8 to 93 years (mean ± standard deviation: 49.5 ± 23.1 years). Keratometric astigmatism was calculated using the keratometric index (1.3375) and radius of the anterior corneal curvature; anterior and posterior corneal curvature measurements were used to calculate total corneal astigmatism.

RESULTS:

The keratometric and total astigmatism were 1.08 ± 0.71 diopters (D) and 1.03 ± 0.69 D, respectively. Vector analysis revealed a mean difference between keratometric and total astigmatism of 0.24 ± 0.09 D, which showed a significant correlation to age (
P
< .0001). In eyes with with-the-rule astigmatism, keratometric astigmatism overestimated total astigmatism. In eyes with against-the-rule astigmatism, keratometric astigmatism underestimated total astigmatism.

CONCLUSIONS:
The anterior corneal surface shifts from with-the-rule to against-the-rule astigmatism with aging, whereas the posterior corneal surface remains as against-the-rule astigmatism in most cases. The variation in the anterior astigmatism is the most important factor contributing to this change. Total corneal astigmatism is a better predictor than keratometric astigmatism for selecting toric intraocular lenses.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(3):192–197.]
Corneal Curvature Gradient Map: A New Corneal Topography Map to Predict the Corneal Healing Process
Authors: Vinciguerra Paolo , Roberts Cynthia J. , Albé Elena , Romano Mario R. , Mahmoud Ashraf , Trazza Silvia , Vinciguerra Riccardo 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate a new curvature gradient topography map to predict postoperative corneal remodeling.

METHODS:
In this retrospective study, 32 eyes of 16 patients with myopia underwent excimer ablation surgery with a postoperative high curvature gradient. The new curvature gradient map (acquired immediately postoperatively) shows the difference between the curvatures of two points over the distance between them; it was compared to the tangential curvature difference map between 1 and 12 months postoperatively to determine their relationship. Corneas were divided into 12 regions for analysis: four 90°-wide sectors centered on 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. There were three subdivisions in each sector: central (radius: 0 to 2.75 mm), paracentral (radius: 2.75 to 3.25 mm), and peripheral (radius: 3.25 to 4.5 mm). Linear regression analysis was performed by region.

RESULTS:

The following regions had significant relationships between the initial curvature gradient and curvature difference between 1 and 12 months postoperatively: the paracentral zone of the 90° sector (
P
= .0145; R
2
= 0.1832) and both the central (
P
= .0034; R
2
= 0.2522) and paracentral (
P
= .0452; R
2
= 0.1271) zones of the 270° sector. The greatest average initial tangential curvature was in the 270° sector.

CONCLUSIONS:
The initial curvature gradient after surgery predicted change in tangential curvature over the subsequent 12 months in areas where initial tangential curvature was greatest. When the curvature gradient was high, the surface curvature modification remained in progress months after surgery.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2014;30(3):202–207.]
Dry Eye After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction and LASIK for Myopia
Authors: Xu Yesheng , Yang Yabo 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To compare the effects of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and LASIK with either femtosecond laser or mechanical microkeratome on dry eye.

METHODS:
A total of 176 patients (338 eyes) who underwent refractive procedures for myopia were observed in this nonrandomized, interventional, prospective study. To evaluate dry eye, the Schirmer secretion test without anesthesia, tear break-up time, and the McMonnies questionnaire were used preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:
In all groups, there was no significant decrease in the results from the Schirmer secretion test without anesthesia after surgery. The value in the LASIK group was significantly lower than any other group at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. In all groups, the tear break-up time decreased significantly after surgery and did not return to preoperative levels within 6 months; the SMILE group time lasted significantly longer than the LASIK group at 1 month. The McMonnies score increased significantly in all groups after surgery. The preoperative levels returned within 6 months in all groups except the LASIK group. The mean McMonnies score in the SMILE group was better than other groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Dry eye after corneal refractive surgery usually occurs transiently. The SMILE procedure had better dry eye parameters and relatively fewer subjective symptoms than LASIK.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(3):186–190.]
Initial Outcomes Following Intravitreal Ocriplasmin for Treatment of Symptomatic Vitreomacular Adhesion
Authors: Kim Brian T. , Schwartz Stephen G. , Smiddy William E. , Doshi Rishi R. , Kovach Jaclyn L. , Berrocal Audina M. , Moshfeghi Andrew A. , Fortun Jorge A. 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
When delivered via a single intravitreal injection, ocriplasmin can effect proteolytic resolution of symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (VMA). The authors describe their initial clinical experience with ocriplasmin at a large academic center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective review of all patients with symptomatic VMA treated with ocriplasmin from January 2013 through May 2013 at a single center.

RESULTS:
Nineteen patients with symptomatic VMA received intravitreal ocriplasmin. Eight patients (42%) exhibited resolution of VMA. Macular holes in three of six patients (50%) closed after injection. A higher proportion of VMA resolution was observed in patients with the following baseline characteristics: age less than 65 years, focal adhesions less than or equal to 1,500 μm, presence of macular hole, phakic status, and absence of epiretinal membrane.

CONCLUSION:
Initial clinical outcomes using ocriplasmin in this study are consistent with those reported in the phase 3 clinical trials. Improved clinical results can be achieved with careful case selection based on specific baseline characteristics.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:334–343.]
Comparative Study of Corneal Wetting Agents During 25-Gauge Microincision Vitrectomy Surgery Under a Noncontact Wide-Angle Viewing System
Authors: Kwon Soo Hyun , Shin Jae Pil , Kim In Taek , Park Dong Ho 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare the effects of corneal wetting agents during 25-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) under a binocular indirect ophthalmic microscope system.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This prospective, randomized, comparative study included 45 eyes undergoing 25-gauge MIVS. The randomly assigned corneal wetting agents were balanced salt solution, ProVisc, and DisCoVisc. The main outcome measures were the frequency of applications, the duration of each application, and the corneal surface status including corneal fluorescein staining score postoperatively.

RESULTS:

The mean frequency of applications was higher for balanced salt solution (13.6 ± 4.3) than ProVisc (2.7 ± 1.0) or DisCoVisc (1.7 ± 0.5) (
P
< .001). The duration of each application was longer for DisCoVisc (29.8 ± 6.0 minutes) than balanced salt solution (3.7 ± 1.1 minutes) or ProVisc (17.6 ± 3.6 minutes) (
P
< .001). The fluorescein staining score was higher for balanced salt solution until 7 days postoperatively (
P
< .001).

CONCLUSION:
ProVisc and DisCoVisc could be more effective corneal wetting agents than balanced salt solution by minimizing the frequency of intraoperative application and postoperative corneal injury.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:360–365.]
Pars Plana Vitrectomy With Multiple Transvenous Chorioretinotomies for Macular Edema Due to Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Luttrull Jeffrey K. , Spink Charles J. 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To review results of vitreous surgery for branch and central retinal vein occlusion (BRVO and CRVO).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
All cases of vitrectomy with multiple transvenous chorioretinotomies for retinal vein occlusion at a vitreoretinal subspecialty practice were reviewed.

RESULTS:

Twenty eyes of 20 patients (four with BRVO and 16 with CRVO) were included. Mean time from diagnosis to surgery was 15 months, and mean postoperative follow-up was 22 months. Injections of bevacizumab or ranibizumab decreased postoperatively (
P
< .0001; Poisson regression model), while log-MAR visual acuity improved (
P
= .0396; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Ten eyes required no further injections postoperatively, and three eyes required one postoperative injection. Macular edema expressed as OCT maximum macular thickness was significantly reduced postoperatively at 6 months and 12 months (
P
= .0077 and .0093, respectively).

CONCLUSION:
In a pilot study of retinal vein occlusion treatment, multiple transvenous chorioretinotomy surgery significantly improved visual acuity and macular edema and reduced intravitreal drug dependency. Further study is warranted.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:366–373.]
In Vivo Detection of hESC-RPE Cells via Confocal Near-Infrared Fundus Reflectance
Authors: Ribeiro Ramiro M. , Oregon Aldo , Diniz Bruno , Fernandes Rodrigo B. , Koss Michael J. , Charafeddin Wissam , Hu Yuntao , Thomas Padmaja , Thomas Biju B. , Maia Mauricio , Chader Gerald J. , Hinton David R. , Humayun Mark S. 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To investigate whether the confocal near-infrared reflectance (NIR) imaging modality could detect the in vivo presence of retinal pigment epithelium cells derived from embryonic human stem cells (hESC-RPE) implanted into the subretinal space of the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Monthly NIR images were obtained from RCS rats implanted with either hESC-RPE seeded on a parylene membrane (n = 14) or parylene membrane without cells (n = 14). Two independent, masked investigators graded the images. Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed at different time points (150, 210, and 270 postnatal days of age).

RESULTS:

NIR images revealed that an average of 20.53% of the parylene membrane area was covered by hESC-RPE. RPE-65 and TRA-1-85 confirmed the presence of human-specific RPE cells in those animals. No areas corresponding to cells were found in the group implanted with membrane only. Intergrader agreement was high (
r
= 0.89–0.92).

CONCLUSION:
The NIR mode was suitable to detect the presence of hESC-RPE seeded on a membrane and implanted into the subretinal space of the RCS rat.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:380–384.]
Macular Findings in Healthy Full-term Hispanic Newborns Observed by Hand-held Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Cabrera Michelle T. , O’Connell Rachelle V. , Toth Cynthia A. , Maldonado Ramiro S. , Tran-Viet Du , Allingham Michael J. , Chiu Stephanie J. , Farsiu Sina , Maradiaga Panayotti Gabriela M. , Swamy Geeta K. , Freedman Sharon F. 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To enhance understanding of ethnically diverse normal newborn retinal morphology, the authors report spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) macular findings in healthy Hispanic newborns.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In this IRB-approved prospective, observational case series, 20 full-term Hispanic newborns had dilated retinal examinations and imaging by hand-held SD-OCT without sedation at the Duke Birthing Center.

RESULTS:
Of 20 newborns imaged (35% male; median gestational age: 39 weeks; range: 36 to 40 weeks), two (10%) had bilateral subfoveal fluid, including one case of bilateral double subretinal fluid pockets. Three eyes of two infants (10%) had retinal macular cystoid structures (one enlarged at 1.5 months, with resolution by 3 months). These SD-OCT findings were not visible by indirect ophthalmoscopy.

CONCLUSION:
Some Hispanic newborns have sub-retinal fluid or macular cystoid structures on SD-OCT. This study expands our understanding of findings seen by SD-OCT in healthy full-term newborns of various races.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2013;44:448–454.]
Micropulse Diode Laser Treatment for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Randomized Pilot Trial
Authors: Roisman Luiz , Magalhães Fernanda Pedreira , Lavinsky Daniel , Moraes Nilva , Hirai Flávio E. , Cardillo José Augusto , Farah Michel Eid 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate 810-nm subthreshold diode micropulse (SDM) laser in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Prospective, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial. Patients were randomized to SDM laser treatment (group 1) or sham procedure (group 2). Primary outcome measure was change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA); secondary outcome was central macular thickness after 3 months. Laser treatment was performed along the detached area. At the 3-month visit, all patients were evaluated for re-treatment if they met re-treatment criteria.

RESULTS:

Fifteen patients were included in this study: five patients in the sham group and 10 in the treatment group. At 3 months, BCVA was significantly enhanced in the treatment group (
P
= .006) compared with the sham group (
P
= .498). All patients from the sham group needed treatment after 3 months. An improvement in central macular thickness and leakage on fluorescein angiography was noted in all treated patients (in both groups).

CONCLUSION:
In this limited-size, short-term exploratory study, SDM laser was effective in treating chronic CSC. There was no evidence of retinal damage induced by treatment.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2013;44:465–470.]
Hemorrhagic Age-Related Macular Degeneration Managed With Vitrectomy, Subretinal Injection of Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Gas Tamponade, and Upright Positioning
Authors: Kapran Ziya , Özkaya Abdullah , Uyar O. Murat 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the outcomes of vitrectomy, subretinal tissue plasminogen (tPA) injection, gas tamponade, and upright positioning in patients with hemorrhagic neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective, noncomparative case series. Records of patients who were diagnosed with submacular hemorrhage secondary to neovascular AMD and underwent treatment with the combined method between 2004 and 2010 were reviewed. The main outcome measure was the difference between preoperative and post-operative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

RESULTS:

In 10 eyes of 10 patients, mean preoperative and postoperative BCVA values were 1.75 and 1.23 logMAR, respectively (
P
= .011), after a mean follow-up time of 38.7 ± 26.5 months (range: 10 to 71 months). Eight of 10 patients (80%) gained at least three lines.

CONCLUSION:
In patients with hemorrhagic neovascular AMD, treatment with vitrectomy, subretinal tPA injection, gas tamponade, and upright positioning was associated with better visual outcomes than those reported for patients with untreated disease.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2013;44:471–476.]
Amniotic Membrane Corneal Buffering During Plaque Radiation Therapy for Anterior Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Semenova Ekaterina , Finger Paul T. 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To report results after amniotic membrane–protected epicorneal plaque brachytherapy for anterior uveal melanoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Sixty-three patients were treated with epicorneal radioactive plaques for 5 to 7 days. To prevent corneal damage, eye irritation, and reduce pain, 0.1-mm-thick fresh-frozen amniotic membrane grafts were interposed between the plaque and the cornea during brachytherapy. All amniotic membranes were removed at the end of brachytherapy. Patients were questioned about subjective comfort during treatment and observed for clinical outcomes.

RESULTS:
Only 4.8% of patients reported pain during brachytherapy. Short-term brachytherapy-related corneal complications including mild keratopathy, corneal epithelial defect, and edema were noted in 41.3% of patients. All corneal complications resolved within 2 weeks. No patients developed corneal melting or opacity during a mean follow-up of 28 months. Local tumor control was achieved in 95.2%.

CONCLUSION:
Amniotic membrane–buffered epicorneal plaque therapy provided comfort and excellent local tumor control.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2013;44:477–482.]