bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planar Cell Polarity Aligns Osteoblast Division in Response to Substrate Strain
Authors: Galea Gabriel L , Meakin Lee B , Savery Dawn , Taipaleenmaki Hanna , Delisser Peter , Stein Gary S , Copp Andrew J , van Wijnen Andre J , Lanyon Lance E , Price Joanna S 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Exposure of bone to dynamic strain increases the rate of division of osteoblasts and also influences the directional organization of the cellular and molecular structure of the bone tissue that they produce. Here, we report that brief exposure to dynamic substrate strain (sufficient to rapidly stimulate cell division) influences the orientation of osteoblastic cell division. The initial proliferative response to strain involves canonical Wnt signaling and can be blocked by sclerostin. However, the strain-related orientation of cell division is independently influenced through the noncanonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Blockade of Rho-associated coiled kinase (ROCK), a component of the PCP pathway, prevents strain-related orientation of division in osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells. Heterozygous loop-tail mutation of the core PCP component van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) in mouse osteoblasts impairs the orientation of division in response to strain. Examination of bones from Vangl2 loop-tail heterozygous mice by µCT and scanning electron microscopy reveals altered bone architecture and disorganized bone-forming surfaces. Hence, in addition to the well-accepted role of PCP involvement in response to developmental cues during skeletal morphogenesis, our data reveal that this pathway also acts postnatally, in parallel with canonical Wnt signaling, to transduce biomechanical cues into skeletal adaptive responses. The simultaneous and independent actions of these two pathways appear to influence both the rate and orientation of osteoblast division, thus fine-tuning bone architecture to meet the structural demands of functional loading. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of mixing characteristics and light regime in tubular photobioreactors with novel static mixers
Authors: Cheng Wenchao , Huang Jianke , Chen Jianpei 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDTubular photobioreactors are considered to be important and potential photobioreactors due to their higher photosynthetic efficiency and biomass productivity. In this work the performance of a new tubular photobioreactor with novel static mixers on mixing characteristics and light regime was studied through computational fluid dynamics.RESULTSThe effects of cross‐angle of two blades, horizontal spacing, open porosity and hole radius of the novel static mixers on mixing characteristics were investigated to obtain appropriate configurations. Compared with the tubular photobioreactor without static mixers, the tubular photobioreactor with novel static mixers was proved to have strong fluid mixing and significant swirling flow. Average velocity magnitude along the light direction increased by nearly 1000 times and turbulent kinetic energy increased by 1.3 times after adding novel static mixers into the tubular photobioreactor. Additionally, with novel static mixers most cells were promoted to circulate between the light zone and the dark zone. The light/dark cycle frequency was also improved and increased by 85.21% and 95.77% at fluid inlet velocity of 0.3 and 0.4 m s−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe simulation results showed the novel static mixers could effectively enhance mixing degree of fluid and increase the light/dark cycle frequency of microalgal cells in tubular photobioreactors. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
CD146 as a new marker for an increased chondroprogenitor cell sub‐population in the later stages of osteoarthritis
Authors: Su Xinlin , Zuo Wei , Wu Zhihong , Chen Jun , Wu Nan , Ma Pei , Xia Zenan , Jiang Chao , Ye Zixing , Liu Sen , Liu Jiaqi , Zhou Guangqian , Wan Chao , Qiu Guixing 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCartilage‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated with different methods. In this study lateral and medial femoral condyles were respectively collected from patients with late‐stage osteoarthritis during the total knee arthroplasty. After digestion of the cartilage tissues with type II collagenase and analysis by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) with CD146, a chondroprogenitor cell sub‐population were isolated and purified. The expression of other MSC‐associated markers in the CD146+ chondroprogenitors was analyzed by flow cytometry. Multi‐lineage differentiation capacity of CD146+ chondroprogenitors was compared with that of unsorted chondrocytes and adipose‐derived MSCs (ADMSCs). Higher percentage of CD146+ chondroprogenitors isolated from the medial femoral condyles was observed than that from the lateral. CD146+ chondroprogenitors expressed high levels of MSC‐specific surface antigens, and showed higher chondrogenesis capacity than ADMSCs and unsorted chondrocytes in a 3D cell pellet culture model. Thus CD146 might be a new cell surface marker for cartilage progenitor cell population in the late‐stage osteoarthritis. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:84–91, 2015.
Near‐Infrared‐Irradiation‐Induced Remote Activation of Surface Shape‐Memory to Direct Cell Orientations
Authors: Shou Qinghui , Uto Koichiro , Lin Wei‐Chih , Aoyagi Takao , Ebara Mitsuhiro 
Published: September 2014

Here, near‐infrared (NIR) light‐induced remote control of cell morphology is demonstrated. This is enabled by shape‐memory activation of nanopatterns that transition from a memorized temporal pattern to the original permanent pattern. The NIR‐induced shape‐memory nanopatterns are prepared by chemically crosslinking poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) in the presence of gold nanorods (AuNRs). The temporary surface patterns are successfully memorized onto the permanent patterns regardless of the incorporation of AuNRs. Exposure to NIR light can successfully induce the photothermal heating of embedded AuNRs and consequently, the shape‐switching transition to permanent patterns over the melting temperature of PCL. The shape‐memory transition is spatially limited to the photo‐illuminated region, depending on the concentration of embedded AuNRs, the intensity of the NIR light, or the irradiation time. Finally, the NIR‐actuated shape‐memory nanopatterns are used to control cell morphology both remotely and locally. Cells on the illuminated regions change their morphology as the temporal nanopatterns transition to a flat surface.
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Blending with Non‐responsive Polymers to Incorporate Nanoparticles into Shape‐Memory Materials and Enable Photothermal Heating: The Effects of Heterogeneous Temperature Distribution
Authors: Abbott David B. , Maity Somsubhra , Burkey Mary T. , Gorga Russell E. , Bochinski Jason R. , Clarke Laura I. 
Published: September 2014

Blending a shape‐memory polymer (SMP) (e.g., thermoplastic polyurethane) with an immiscible carrier polymer (e.g., poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)) containing dispersed metal nanoparticles (AuNPs) is a simple approach to enable actuation via photothermal heating. For blends containing up to 90% carrier polymer, the shape‐memory capability can be thermally triggered either conventionally or utilizing internal heating via application of light that is resonant with the particle's surface plasmon resonance. When incorporating nanoparticles in this manner, neither chemical modification of the shape‐memory moiety nor solvation of the SMP is necessary. Actuation times are determined by the particular heterogeneous temperature distribution, which generally occurs under both conventional and photothermal heating methods, but with different spatial patterns. Blending an SMP with PEO containing AuNPs imposes a higher transition temperature (the melting point of PEO), enabling heat generated within the nanoparticle‐containing regions to equilibrate throughout the sample, resulting in performance under photothermal conditions comparable with that achieved in a conventional heating approach. SMP:PVA blends actuate at the SMP transition temperature and the response depends on the size of phase segregation between the PVA and SMP; when decreasing the characteristic size of the segregated regions, heat is efficiently transferred and optimal photothermal performance is observed.
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Cationic Aerosol Photopolymerization
Authors: Akgün Ertan , Muntean Alex , Hubbuch Jürgen , Wörner Michael , Sangermano Marco 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPhotoinitiated polymerization in aerosols is employed for the preparation of spherical polymer particles via cationic polymerization. The UV irradiation of aerosol monomer droplets starts the cationic curing process without the employment of any solvent or additives such as stabilizers, resulting in highly pure polymers. Crosslinked polymer spheres with a high gel content are obtained by processing vinyl ether and epoxy monomers via this aerosol‐photopolymerization technique, which exhibits great potential for the development of multifunctional materials.
Improved volume selective 1H MR spectroscopic imaging of the prostate with gradient offset independent adiabaticity pulses at 3 tesla
Authors: Steinseifer Isabell K. , van Asten Jack J.A. , Weiland Elisabeth , Scheenen Tom W.J. , Maas Marnix C. , Heerschap Arend 
Published: September 2014

PurposeVolume selection in 1H MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the prostate is commonly performed with low‐bandwidth refocusing pulses. However, their large chemical shift displacement error (CSDE) causes lipid signal contamination in the spectral range of interest. Application of high‐bandwidth adiabatic pulses is limited by radiofrequency (RF) power deposition. In this study, we aimed to provide an MRSI sequence that overcomes these limitations.MethodsMeasurements were performed at 3 T with an endorectal receive coil. A semi‐LASER sequence was equipped with low RF power demanding gradient‐modulated offset‐independent adiabaticity (GOIA) refocusing pulses with WURST(16,4) modulation, with a 10 kHz bandwidth.ResultsSimulations and phantom studies verified that the GOIA pulses select slices with a flat top and sharp edges and minimal CSDE. The sequence timing was tuned to an optimal citrate signal shape at an echo time of 88 ms. Patient studies (n = 10) demonstrated that high quality spectra with reduced lipid artifacts can be obtained from the whole prostate. Compared with PRESS acquisition at 145 ms the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of citrate is increased up to 2.6 and choline up to 1.3.ConclusionAn MRSI sequence of the prostate is presented with minimized spectral lipid contamination and improved SNR, to facilitate routine clinical acquisition of metabolic data. Magn Reson Med 74:915–924, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of soil mineral matrix on the analysis of plant‐ and soil‐derived polysaccharides after acid hydrolysis
Authors: Baumann Karen , Dignac Marie‐France , Bardoux Gérard , Rumpel Cornelia 
Published: September 2014

RATIONALEThe efficiency of extraction procedures for the determination of organic compounds in soil may be affected by the presence of the mineral phase. Our aim was to analyse the magnitude of such an effect on both total polysaccharide content and 13C‐isotopic signature of the polysaccharides.METHODSAfter acid hydrolysis of 13C‐labelled wheat, soil and a mixture of these, sugars were quantified and analysed isotopically. Measured values were compared with theoretical contents.RESULTSNo matrix effect was apparent for total sugar‐C content of the mixture. However, a matrix effect was observed for the contribution of 13C‐labelled wheat sugars. For the soil+plant mixture 13C‐labelled wheat sugar contribution was overestimated. Soil‐derived sugar‐C contribution to the mixture was underestimated.CONCLUSIONSStudies using stable isotopes to follow the fate of added plant‐derived compounds in soil need to take into account matrix effects. Further studies have to elaborate on correction procedures and/or the development of extraction procedures to overcome the influence of matrix effects and/or acid hydrolysis extraction on sugar‐C contents. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artificial frequency selective channel for covert cyclic delay diversity orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission
Authors: Sun Songlin , Rong Bo , Qian Yi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMultiple‐input multiple‐output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has become an attractive air‐interface solution for the next generation wireless networks because of its high spectrum efficiency. This paper addresses the security concern and proposes to achieve covert orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission using cyclic delay diversity featured multiple‐input multiple‐output technology. Particularly, our physical layer security scheme takes the advantage of cyclic delay diversity formed periodical frequency selective channel and utilizes uneven comb pilots to confuse unauthorized receivers and benefit authorized receivers. We conduct simulation study to evaluate the impact of different cyclic delay, antenna number, and interpolation algorithms on our scheme. Numerical results show that our scheme can provide authorized users with significant advantage over eavesdroppers without complicated upper‐layer encryption and decryption. Moreover, the scheme has flexible choice of parameters and thus can be easily deployed in a variety of wireless networks with different requirements. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cells Reveal Niches that Support Neuronal Differentiation in the Adult Rat Brain
Authors: Maya-Espinosa Guadalupe , Collazo-Navarrete Omar , Millán-Aldaco Diana , Palomero-Rivero Marcela , Guerrero-Flores Gilda , Drucker-Colín René , Covarrubias Luis , Guerra-Crespo Magdalena 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A neurogenic niche can be identified by the proliferation and differentiation of its naturally residing neural stem cells. However, it remains unclear whether “silent” neurogenic niches or regions suitable for neural differentiation, other than the areas of active neurogenesis, exist in the adult brain. Embryoid body (EB) cells derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are endowed with a high potential to respond to specification and neuralization signals of the embryo. Hence, to identify microenvironments in the postnatal and adult rat brain with the capacity to support neuronal differentiation, we transplanted dissociated EB cells to conventional neurogenic and non-neurogenic regions. Our results show a neuronal differentiation pattern of EB cells that was dependent on the host region. Efficient neuronal differentiation of EB cells occurred within an adjacent region to the rostral migratory stream. EB cell differentiation was initially patchy and progressed toward an even distribution along the graft by 15–21 days post-transplantation, giving rise mostly to GABAergic neurons. EB cells in the striatum displayed a lower level of neuronal differentiation and derived into a significant number of astrocytes. Remarkably, when EB cells were transplanted to the striatum of adult rats after a local ischemic stroke, increased number of neuroblasts and neurons were observed. Unexpectedly, we determined that the adult substantia nigra pars compacta, considered a non-neurogenic area, harbors a robust neurogenic environment. Therefore, neurally uncommitted cells derived from ESCs can detect regions that support neuronal differentiation within the adult brain, a fundamental step for the development of stem cell-based replacement therapies. Stem Cells 2015;33:491–502
Brief Reports: TRPM7 Senses Mechanical Stimulation Inducing Osteogenesis in Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Xiao E. , Yang H. Q. , Gan Ye-Hua , Duan Deng-Hui , He Lin-Hai , Guo YunBo , Wang S. Q. , Zhang Yi 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotential stem cells residing in the bone marrow. Several studies have shown that mechanical stimulation modulates MSC differentiation through mobilization of second messengers, but the mechanism of mechanotransduction remains poorly understood. In this study, using fluorescence and laser confocal microcopy as well as patch-clamp techniques, we identified the transient receptor potential melastatin type 7 (TRPM7) channel as the key channel involved in mechanotransduction in bone marrow MSCs. TRPM7 knockdown completely abolished the pressure-induced cytosolic Ca2+ increase and pressure-induced osteogenesis. TRPM7 directly sensed membrane tension, independent of the cytoplasm and the integrity of cytoskeleton. Ca2+ influx through TRPM7 further triggered Ca2+ release from the inositol trisphosphate receptor type 2 on the endoplasmic reticulum and promoted NFATc1 nuclear localization and osteogenesis. These results identified a central role of TRPM7 in MSC mechanical stimulation-induced osteogenesis. Stem Cells 2015;33:615–621
Influence of intracervical and intravaginal seminal plasma on the endometrium in assisted reproduction: a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized study
Authors: Mayer R. B. , Ebner T. , Yaman C. , Hartl J. , Sir A. , Krain V. , Oppelt P. , Shebl O. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the effect of intracervical and intravaginal application of seminal plasma on the endometrium, as assessed by endometrial/subendometrial vascularization and endometrial volume between the day of oocyte retrieval and the day of embryo transfer in an in‐vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycle.MethodsThis was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized study including patients undergoing a first or second IVF/ICSI cycle. Homologous seminal plasma or placebo (sodium chloride) was injected into the cervix and posterior vaginal fornix just after follicle aspiration. Three‐dimensional power Doppler examination was performed 30 min before oocyte retrieval and 30 min before embryo transfer. Main outcome measures were changes in vascularization flow index (VFI), flow index (FI) and vascularization index (VI) of the endometrium/subendometrium using VOCAL™ (Virtual Organ Computer‐aided AnaLysis) and endometrial volume.ResultsOne hundred patients agreed to participate in the study. Twenty‐three patients were excluded, mainly as a result of canceled embryo transfer. Data were analyzed from 40 patients receiving seminal plasma and 37 receiving placebo. No significant differences between the two groups were seen in VFI, FI or VI of the endometrium or subendometrium or in endometrial volume on the day of oocyte pick‐up and on the day of embryo transfer.ConclusionNeither endometrial/subendometrial vascularization parameters nor endometrial volume seem to be affected by the application of seminal plasma in patients undergoing their first or second IVF/ICSI cycle. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A linear algebra approach to OLAP
Authors: Macedo Hugo Daniel , Oliveira José Nuno 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Inspired by the relational algebra of data processing, this paper addresses the foundations of data analytical processing from a linear algebra perspective. The paper investigates, in particular, how aggregation operations such as cross tabulations and data cubes essential to quantitative analysis of data can be expressed solely in terms of matrix multiplication, transposition and the Khatri–Rao variant of the Kronecker product. The approach offers a basis for deriving an algebraic theory of data consolidation, handling the quantitative as well as qualitative sides of data science in a natural, elegant and typed way. It also shows potential for parallel analytical processing, as the parallelization theory of such matrix operations is well acknowledged.
Influence of Reducing Agents on Biosafety and Biocompatibility of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Xia Dong-Lin , Wang Yu-Fei , Bao Ning , He Hong , Li Xiao-dong , Chen Yan-Pei , Gu Hai-Ying 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Extensive biomedical applications of nanoparticles are mainly determined by their safety and compatibility in biological systems. The aim of this study was to compare the biosafety and biocompatibility of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) prepared with HEPES buffer, which is popular for cell culture, and sodium citrate, a frequent reducing agent. From experimental results on the body weight and organ coefficients of acute oral toxicity tests, it could be observed that HEPES-prepared GNPs are biologically safer than citric-prepared GNPs at the same dose of 500 μg/kg. The in vitro cell viability was higher for HEPES-prepared GNPs than citric-prepared GNPs at 5.0- and 10.0-ug/mL concentrations. More reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated in the cell suspension when supplemented with citric-prepared GNPs than HEPES-prepared GNPs when their concentrations were higher than 20 μg/mL. The results stated that HEPES-prepared GNPs had better biosafety and biocompatibility than citric-prepared GNPs. This study not only revealed the influence of reducing agent on biosafety and biocompatibility of nanomaterials but also provided accumulative evidence for nanomaterials in biomedical applications.
Developing Strategies for On‐Call Staffing: A Working Guideline for Safe Practices
Authors: Olmstead John , Falcone Deborah , Lopez Jacy , Mislan Linda , Murphy Marialena , Acello Toni 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEffective on‐call clinical staffing is critical to providing perioperative services to patients requiring emergency surgical care. Without careful monitoring of continuous work hours and hours worked per week, staffing practices can adversely affect the ability of personnel to function and provide care. Managers and perioperative personnel must carefully evaluate their on‐call schedule to ensure the provision of safe medical care for their patients. Perioperative leaders at two hospitals partnered to create a safety guideline for on‐call staffing practices, which includes zone guides for determining workload intensity. This guideline has served to help managers evaluate the general safety of their staffing plan and identify on‐call practices that may need improvement or support in their areas of responsibility. Key recommendations from the guideline can help perioperative managers at other facilities establish clinical staffing plans and on‐call practices that are safe and effective.
Special Needs Populations: Perioperative Care of the Patient With Creutzfeldt‐Jakob Disease
Authors: Karasin Mark 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCreutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare but lethal prion disease. The worldwide mortality rate of CJD is 1.67 per one million people, although 90% of cases will lead to death within one year of symptom onset. Rapid, progressive dementia is the cardinal sign of CJD. Other early symptoms include deterioration of muscle coordination, memory, judgment, and vision, as well as personality changes, insomnia, and depression. It occurs in two types, classic and new variant, and classic CJD can be further divided into three subtypes: sporadic, familial (ie, genetic), and iatrogenic (ie, health care associated). Surgery often requires using instruments that come in contact with high‐infectivity tissue, especially during neurosurgical procedures and diagnostic biopsies. To reduce the risk of disease transmission, infection control practices should include identification of the risk of infection, implementation of safety protocols (eg, use of personal protective equipment), proper selection and use of instrumentation, and adequate disinfection and sterilization practices. Silent carriers, risks of iatrogenic infection, and the possibility of inadvertent exposure of healthy patients may carry great liability to public health and hospital stability.