bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vacuolar-ATPase Inhibition Blocks Iron Metabolism to Mediate Therapeutic Effects in Breast Cancer
Authors: Schneider Lina S. , von Schwarzenberg Karin , Lehr Thorsten , Ulrich Melanie , Kubisch-Dohmen Rebekka , Liebl Johanna , Trauner Dirk , Menche Dirk , Vollmar Angelika M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Generalized strategies to improve breast cancer treatment remain of interest to develop. In this study, we offer preclinical evidence of an important metabolic mechanism underlying the antitumor activity of inhibitors of the vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase), a heteromultimeric proton pump. Specifically, our investigations in the 4T1 model of metastatic breast cancer of the V-ATPase inhibitor archazolid suggested that its ability to trigger metabolic stress and apoptosis associated with tumor growth inhibition related to an interference with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling pathways and iron metabolism. As a consequence of disturbed iron metabolism, archazolid caused S-phase arrest, double-stranded DNA breaks, and p53 stabilization, leading to apoptosis. Our findings link V-ATPase to cell-cycle progression and DNA synthesis in cancer cells, and highlight the basis for the clinical exploration of V-ATPase as a potentially generalizable therapy for breast cancer. Cancer Res; 75(14); 2863–74. ©2015 AACR.
Androgen-Induced TMPRSS2 Activates Matriptase and Promotes Extracellular Matrix Degradation, Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion, Tumor Growth, and Metastasis
Authors: Ko Chun-Jung , Huang Cheng-Chung , Lin Hsin-Ying , Juan Chun-Pai , Lan Shao-Wei , Shyu Hsin-Yi , Wu Shang-Ru , Hsiao Pei-Wen , Huang Hsiang-Po , Shun Chia-Tung , Lee Ming-Shyue 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Dysregulation of androgen signaling and pericellular proteolysis is necessary for prostate cancer progression, but the links between them are still obscure. In this study, we show how the membrane-anchored serine protease TMPRSS2 stimulates a proteolytic cascade that mediates androgen-induced prostate cancer cell invasion, tumor growth, and metastasis. We found that matriptase serves as a substrate for TMPRSS2 in mediating this proinvasive action of androgens in prostate cancer. Further, we determined that higher levels of TMPRSS2 expression correlate with higher levels of matriptase activation in prostate cancer tissues. Lastly, we found that the ability of TMPRSS2 to promote prostate cancer tumor growth and metastasis was associated with increased matriptase activation and enhanced degradation of extracellular matrix nidogen-1 and laminin β1 in tumor xenografts. In summary, our results establish that TMPRSS2 promotes the growth, invasion, and metastasis of prostate cancer cells via matriptase activation and extracellular matrix disruption, with implications to target these two proteases as a strategy to treat prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 75(14); 2949–60. ©2015 AACR.
Surgical Versus Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization for Multivessel Disease in Diabetic Patients With Non–ST-Segment–Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Ben-Gal Yanai , Mohr Rephael , Feit Frederick , Ohman E. Magnus , Kirtane Ajay , Xu Ke , Mehran Roxana , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: May 2015

Background—
The preferred revascularization strategy for diabetic patients with acute coronary syndromes and multivessel coronary artery disease is uncertain. We evaluated the outcomes of diabetic patients with moderate and high-risk acute coronary syndrome and multivessel disease managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods and Results—

Among 13 819 moderate and high-risk acute coronary syndrome patients enrolled in the Acute Catheterization and Early Intervention Triage Strategy (ACUITY) trial, 1772 diabetic patients had multivessel disease with left anterior descending artery involvement and were managed by PCI (n=1349) or CABG (n=423). Propensity scoring was applied to adjust for differences in baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics, yielding a total of 326 matched patients (163 managed by PCI and 163 managed by CABG). At 30 days, treatment with PCI compared with CABG was associated with lower rates of major bleeding (15.3% versus 55.6%;
P
<0.0001), blood transfusions (9.2% versus 43.2%;
P
<0.0001), and acute kidney injury (13.4% versus 33.6%;
P
<0.0001), but more unplanned revascularization procedures (6.9% versus 1.9%;
P
=0.03). At 1 year PCI was associated with higher rates of repeat revascularization procedures (19.5% versus 5.2%;
P
=0.0001), with nonsignificantly different rates of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death at either 30 days or 1 year.

Conclusions—
In the large-scale ACUITY trial, diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome and multivessel disease treated with PCI rather than CABG had less bleeding and acute kidney injury, greater need for repeat revascularization procedures, and comparable rates of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death through 1-year follow-up.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00093158.
Diagnostics for an Extreme Rain Event near Shanghai during the Landfall of Typhoon Fitow (2013)
Authors: Bao Xuwei , Davidson Noel E. , Yu Hui , Hankinson Mai C. N. , Sun Zhian , Rikus Lawrence J. , Liu Jianyong , Yu Zifeng , Wu Dan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Typhoon Fitow made landfall south of Shanghai, China, on 6 October 2013. During the following two days, precipitation in excess of 300 mm day−1 occurred 400 km to the north of the typhoon center. The rain-producing systems included (i) outward-spiraling rainbands, which developed in the storm’s north sector in favorable environmental wind shear, and (ii) frontal cloud as a result of coastal frontogenesis.
Over the rain area, in addition to enhanced ascent, there were increases in low-level moisture, convective instability, and midlevel relative vorticity. There is evidence of a preconditioning period prior to the rain when midlevel subsidence and boundary layer moistening occurred. From analysis of low-level equivalent potential temperature the following observations were made: (i) after landfall, a cold, dry airstream wrapped into Fitow’s circulation from the north, limiting the inner-core rainfall and producing a cold-air boundary, and (ii) an extended warm, moist airstream from the east converged with the cold-air intrusion over the rain area.
The heavy rain occurred as the large-scale flow reorganized. Major anticyclones developed over China and the North Pacific. At upper levels, a large-amplitude trough relocated over central China with the entrance to a southwesterly jet positioned near Shanghai. Back trajectories from the rain area indicate that four environmental interactions developed: (i) increasing midlevel injection of moist potential vorticity (PV) from Fitow’s circulation; (ii) low-level warm, moist inflow from the east; (iii) midlevel inflow from nearby Typhoon Danas; and (iv) decreasing mid- to upper-level injection of PV from the midlatitude trough. The authors propose that the resultant PV structure change provided a very favorable environment for the development of rain systems.
The Solid Component of Radiographically Non-Growing, Post-Radiated Vestibular Schwannoma Retains Proliferative Capacity
Authors: Jacob Abraham , Igarashi Suzu , Platto Terry , Khan Rihan , Jain Richa 
Published: May 2015

Objective: Nearly all radiated vestibular schwannomas (VS) have solid tissue remaining at the radiation bed. The viability and proliferation capacity of this tissue has never been objectively assessed. The goals of our study were to (1) determine whether this tissue retains the morphological and immunohistochemical features of VS and (2) evaluate whether the tissue is capable of proliferation in cell culture. Methods: Case history, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cell culture, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Results: We report the first case of a post-radiated, sporadic VS patient whose non-growing, residual MR-enhancing solid tissue was examined histologically and in cell culture. These cells were architecturally identical to non-radiated VS, had a Ki67 proliferative index similar to non-radiated sporadic and NF2-associated VS, were S100 positive, and grew in culture with kinetics comparable to non-radiated VS. Conclusion: The long-term risk for delayed tumor growth and/or secondary malignancy in radiated VS patients is unknown. Because the average life span in the United States is nearly 80 years, patients should be informed that (1) residual VS cells are viable even when tumors appear to be non-growing on MRI, (2) post-radiation surveillance imaging is required indefinitely, and (3) radiation may incur more risk in those patients with life expectancy >20-25 years.
Incidental Parotid Neoplasms
Authors: Britt Christopher J. , Stein Andrew P. , Patel Priyesh N. , Harari Paul M. , Hartig Gregory K. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo better characterize parotid masses incidentally identified on imaging.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsMedical records were reviewed for 771 patients who underwent parotidectomy at the University of Wisconsin from 1994 to 2013. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: those with tumors identified solely on imaging (parotid incidentalomas [PIs]) and those with palpable masses, pain, facial nerve dysfunction, or other reasons their mass was identified (nonincidentals [NIs]). A χ2 test was employed to compare the prevalence of malignancy in PIs compared with NIs. Trend analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of PIs over the 20‐year period.ResultsOf the 771 patients, 67 (8.7%) had their mass discovered incidentally on imaging (PIs). There was a significant difference in the rate of malignancy in the NI (32.7%) compared with the PI group (6.0%) (P <. 01). During the 1994 to 2003 time period, 4.0% of all parotoidectomies performed were for PIs, while during the second decade (2004‐2013), this proportion increased to 10.2%. This represents a 155.0% increase in the percentage of parotidectomies carried out for PIs between these 2 periods.ConclusionIn this study, the rate of malignancy in PIs was significantly lower than the rate of malignancy in patients with NIs. The occurrence of PIs has increased over time and now represents greater than 10.0% of all parotidectomies performed at the University of Wisconsin. This information is important to consider when consenting a patient for resection of a PI.
Diffuse cerebrovascular dilation: Case report of amezinium metilsulfate-induced reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
Authors: Kobayashi Makoto 
Published: May 2015

Background Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by recurrent thunderclap headaches with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction, and often precipitated by the postpartum state and vasoactive medications. We describe a case of a patient with RCVS induced by amezinium metilsulfate, a sympathomimetic drug, in whom magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) initially revealed diffusely dilated cerebral arteries. Case description A 34-year-old woman was prescribed amezinium metilsulfate for hypotension. Twelve days later, she suffered from abrupt severe headaches and was referred to our department. She had no neurological deficits; however, MRA revealed diffusely dilated anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries with vasoconstriction. She was tentatively diagnosed with RCVS and successfully treated with verapamil for headache. Nevertheless, follow-up MRAs disclosed widespread segmental vasoconstriction that resolved in two months. Discussion Diffuse cerebrovascular dilation has not been addressed but may be associated with RCVS pathophysiology. In addition, physicians should bear in mind that amezinium metilsulfate can potentially induce RCVS.
Methacrylated gelatin and mature adipocytes are promising components for adipose tissue engineering
Authors: Huber Birgit , Borchers Kirsten , Tovar Günter EM , Kluger Petra J 
Published: May 2015

In vitro engineering of autologous fatty tissue constructs is still a major challenge for the treatment of congenital deformities, tumor resections or high-graded burns. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of photo-crosslinkable methacrylated gelatin (GM) and mature adipocytes as components for the composition of three-dimensional fatty tissue constructs. Cytocompatibility evaluations of the GM and the photoinitiator Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) showed no cytotoxicity in the relevant range of concentrations. Matrix stiffness of cell-laden hydrogels was adjusted to native fatty tissue by tuning the degree of crosslinking and was shown to be comparable to that of native fatty tissue. Mature adipocytes were then cultured for 14 days within the GM resulting in a fatty tissue construct loaded with viable cells expressing cell markers perilipin A and laminin. This work demonstrates that mature adipocytes are a highly valuable cell source for the composition of fatty tissue equivalents in vitro. Photo-crosslinkable methacrylated gelatin is an excellent tissue scaffold and a promising bioink for new printing techniques due to its biocompatibility and tunable properties.
Vaginal douching and association with sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in a prefecture of Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Luo Li , Xu Jun-Jie , Wang Gui-Xiang , Ding Guo-Wei , Wang Ning , Wang Hai-Bo 
Published: May 2015

Summary Vaginal douching is a common practice and has been hypothesised to increase a woman's risk for human of contracting HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Our objective was to assess the prevalence of douching and its association with STIs, genital symptoms and HIV/STI knowledge among female sex workers (FSWs). We conducted a cross-sectional study of 837 FSWs with interviews and laboratory tests for HIV/STIs in a prefecture of Yunnan Province in southern China. Vaginal douching was reported by 84% of the women. We found a higher prevalence of vaginal douching practice among FSWs of Han ethnicity, and who were single or cohabitating. Douching was also significantly more common among more educated FSWs and those with greater knowledge of HIV/STIs, and as well as in FSWs who had experienced clinical symptoms in the previous 12 months. Douching was linked to higher risks of HIV (adjusted odds ratio = 2.29; 95% confidence interval 1.01–5.23) and herpes simplex virus type 2 infections (adjusted odds ratio = 2.18; 95% confidence interval 1.46–3.24) after adjusting for confounding factors. Medical professionals and public health workers should correct women's misconception about the effectiveness of douching and discourage women from douching through educational activities. More prospective studies among FSWs are urgently required to identify the relationship between vaginal douching and HIV/STIs.
Assessment and treatment of hoarding disorder
Authors: Brakoulias Vlasios , Milicevic Denise 
Published: May 2015

Objectives: To provide a brief selective review of the current literature regarding Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Hoarding Disorder, with an emphasis on its associated risks, assessment and management approaches. Conclusions: Hoarding disorder is defined by clear diagnostic criteria. It can be a severe and disabling disorder that can pose significant safety risks to the individual and to others. Management is often challenging, due to the poor level of insight that people with hoarding disorder often have. Psychological approaches tend to adapt cognitive-behavioural approaches, in order to specifically target areas such as impaired decision-making and motivation. Several trials of pharmacological agents have been conducted, but the limitations of these studies call for further research.
Education Intervention “Caregivers Like Me” for Latino Family Caregivers Improved Attitudes Toward Professional Assistance at End-of-life Care
Authors: Cruz-Oliver Dulce M. , Malmstrom Theodore K. , Fernández Natalia , Parikh Manas , García Jessica , Sanchez-Reilly Sandra 
Published: May 2015

Objective: This study explores the ability of a culturally sensitive and case-based education intervention, Caregivers Like Me, to improve knowledge and attitudes regarding end-of-life (EOL) resources among Latino caregivers. Methods: A multicentered, cross-sectional study of Latino communities from different geographical regions and cultural backgrounds. An educational intervention was administered to family caregivers of Latino elders using a case-based video “ telenovela” and pretest–posttest questionnaires. Results: Participants (N = 145) were mostly females (79%) with mean age of 56 ± 15 years. They reported active learning from intervention (91%) and high satisfaction (92%) with educational experience. Both caregiver stress self-awareness and willingness to accept professional help improved significantly from pretest to posttest. Conclusion: A culturally sensitive educational intervention increased Latino caregivers’ self-awareness about caregiver stress and the need to consider professional assistance for EOL care.
Risk factors for idiopathic cystitis in Norwegian cats: a matched case-control study
Authors: Lund Heidi S , Sævik Bente K , Finstad Øystein W , Grøntvedt Elin T , Vatne Terese , Eggertsdóttir Anna V 
Published: May 2015

Objectives The aim of the study was to compare a group of cats with feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) with a group of control cats without present or previous signs of lower urinary tract disease in order to identify factors in characteristics, personality, behaviour, environment and daily life that would make them more susceptible to the disease. Methods The study was a matched case-control study comparing results from telephone interviews based on a standardised questionnaire. The questions were organised into six subject groups: the characteristics of the cat; the cat’s environment; the presence of other pets in the household; the cat’s feeding and drinking regime; management of the cat’s litter box; and the cat’s opportunity to perform natural behaviour. Results The results from the present study showed that a cat diagnosed with FIC was more likely to be overweight and to be of a nervous disposition than the control cats. In addition, several differences between cases and controls were detected at a univariable level of analysis, related to outdoor access and the cats’ perceived safety and comfort in their home environments. While not significant after multivariable analysis, these variables may still be of importance owing to potential interrelations. Conclusions and relevance Several significant differences between cats with FIC and control cats were revealed, and the results support the hypothesis of environmental stress as being a potential factor in the development of FIC.
Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in Canada Chapter 1: Introduction to the Guidelines
Authors: Guenther Lyn C. , Barber Kirk , Searles Gordon E. , Lynde Charles W. , Janiszewski Peter , Ashkenas John ,   For The Canadian Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Guidelines Committee
Published: May 2015

Background Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), including basal and squamous cell carcinoma, represents the most common malignancy. Objective The aim of this document is to provide guidance to Canadian health care practitioners on NMSC management. Methods After conducting a literature review, the group developed recommendations for prevention, management, and treatment of basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and actinic keratoses. These tumour types are considered separately in the accompanying articles. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system was used to assign strength to each recommendation. Results This introduction describes the scope and structure of the guidelines and the methods used to develop them. The epidemiology of NMSC is reviewed, as are the pathophysiologic changes occurring with damage to the skin, which lead to the formation of actinic keratoses and invasive squamous or basal cell carcinomas. Conclusions This introduction describes the need for primary prevention and offers an overview of treatment options that are discussed in later chapters of the guidelines.
Non-invasive assessment of vasospasm following aneurysmal SAH using C-arm FDCT parenchymal blood volume measurement in the neuro-interventional suite: Technical feasibility
Authors: Kamran Mudassar , Downer Jonathan , Corkill Rufus , Byrne James V 
Published: May 2015

Introduction Cerebral vasospasm is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) surviving the initial ictus. Commonly used techniques for vasospasm assessment are digital subtraction angiography and transcranial Doppler sonography. These techniques can reliably identify only the major vessel spasm and fail to estimate its haemodynamic significance. To overcome these issues and to enable comprehensive non-invasive assessment of vasospasm inside the interventional suite, a novel protocol involving measurement of parenchymal blood volume (PBV) using C-arm flat detector computed tomography (FDCT) was implemented. Materials and methods Patients from the neuro-intensive treatment unit (ITU) with suspected vasospasm following aneurysmal SAH were scanned with a biplane C-arm angiography system using an intravenous contrast injection protocol. The PBV maps were generated using prototype software. Contemporaneous clinically indicated MR scan including the diffusion- and perfusion-weighted sequences was performed. C-arm PBV maps were compared against the MR perfusion maps. Results Distribution of haemodynamic impairment on C-arm PBV maps closely matched the pattern of abnormality on MR perfusion maps. On visual comparison between the two techniques, the extent of abnormality indicated PBV to be both cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume weighted. Conclusion C-arm FDCT PBV measurements allow an objective assessment of the severity and localisation of cerebral hypoperfusion resulting from vasospasm. The technique has proved feasible and useful in very sick patients after aneurysmal SAH. The promise shown in this early study indicates that it deserves further evaluation both for post-SAH vasospasm and in other relevant clinical settings.
Primary osseous tumours of the elbow: 60 years of registry experience
Authors: Halai Mansur , Gupta Sanjay , Spence Stephanie , Wallace David , Rymaszewski Lech , Mahendra Ashish 
Published: May 2015

Background We present the largest series of surgically treated primary bone tumours of the elbow in the English literature (75 cases). We sought to identify characteristics specific to these lesions and recommend an investigatory protocol. Methods The national registry and case notes were reviewed between 1954-2014. Tumours were classified according to Enneking's spectrum. Results There were no benign latent cases in this series as these were managed locally. All patients presented with persistent rest pain, with or without swelling. The distal humerus, in contrast to the proximal radius and ulna, was responsible for the majority and the more aggressive cases. Misdiagnosis was evident in 13% of cases; most of which were attributed to simple bone cysts. All patients that were referred required surgical intervention to either establish the diagnosis or for treatment. Benign tumours had a 19% recurrence rate, with giant cell tumour the most aggressive. Malignant tumours carried 39% local recurrence rate and a 5-year mortality of 61%. Conclusions The suspicion of a tumour should be raised in the patient with unremitting, unexplained, non-mechanical bony elbow pain. These echo the NICE recommendations and we recommend prompt specialist referral. With high rates of local recurrence, we recommend close postoperative monitoring.