bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resultado precoz del tratamiento de la enfermedad de Dupuytren mediante inyección de colagenasa
Authors: Pérez-Giner R.A. , Aguilella L. 
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: Presentar nuestro protocolo de tratamiento y el resultado precoz obtenido en una serie inicial de pacientes tratados con colagenasa.Material y método: Estudio prospectivo sobre 40 pacientes afectos de enfermedad de Dupuytren, tratados mediante colagenasa en 47 dedos. Los criterios de inclusión han sido cuerdas palpables con una flexión metacarpo-falángica y/o interfalángica proximal superior a 20°. Se han recogido los grados de contractura de las articulaciones metacarpo-falángica, interfalángica proximal e interfalángica proximal con metacarpo-falángica en máxima flexión, antes y después del tratamiento al mes y a los tres meses de la inyección.Resultados: Se ha obtenido extensión completa (contractura igual o menor de 5°) en el 53% de los dedos tratados, con una media de 1,19 inyecciones por dedo. El 91% de los pacientes ha considerado satisfactorio el resultado. La corrección en las metacarpo-falángicas ha sido completa en el 71% y en las interfalángicas proximales en el 43%. Cuando la interfalángica proximal se corregía previamente con la metacarpo-falángica en flexión, su extensión completa se ha obtenido en el 77%. Se detallan las características de las roturas cutáneas observadas.Conclusión: La inyección de colagenasa es un método efectivo de tratamiento, con una tasa elevada de satisfacción en los pacientes.
Nueva interpretación de los estabilizadores anatómicos en la fractura de muñeca. Parte II: patrones de lesión de las fracturas de radio
Authors: Rotella J.M. , Rotella P. 
Published: October 2015

En este trabajo se presenta una nueva interpretación personal de las lesiones de muñeca basada en el estudio de la filogenia, embriología, anatomía y biomecánica de esta región y en base a esta nueva interpretación planteamos una nueva clasificación (parte I del trabajo), que ayudará a entender los patrones lesiónales de las distintas fracturas (parte II del trabajo) y a definir una nueva “estrategia” para el tratamiento de las fracturas de radio (parte III del trabajo).Se describen tres sectores en la región de la muñeca: cubital (interno); central (medio) y radial (externo); cada uno de ellos presentan diferentes orígenes evolutivo, formativo, constitutivo y funcional.La semiología radiológica nos permite reconocer que sector de la muñeca está lesionado y cuál es el grado de inestabilidad de cada uno de ellos. Es importante interpretar los diferentes patrones de lesión, punto importante en el diagnóstico de estas lesiones para entender la fisiopatología de las mismas y poder llevar a cabo la correcta estrategia de tratamiento.
Fracturas del radio distal: encuesta sobre preferencias de manejo y tratamiento
Authors: Delgado P.J. , Martínez-Capoccini D.M. , Cervera J. 
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: La fractura de la extremidad distal del radio (FEDR) es un traumatismo frecuente a cualquier edad y su tratamiento es aún tema de controversia. El objetivo del trabajo es determinar la tendencia actual de manejo en cirujanos especialistas en cirugía de la mano.Material y método: Se realiza una encuesta electrónica remitida por correo electrónico a miembros de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía de la Mano (SECMA). A los participantes se les pregunta por sus preferencias respecto a clasificación, tratamiento conservador y quirúrgico de estas fracturas. Se valoran sus resultados con la evidencia científica actual al respecto.Resultados: Se obtuvieron 49 respuestas (14,41% de los socios encuestados) La mayoría tenían más de 21 años de experiencia como cirujanos de mano. La clasificación más usada fue la de AO-ASIF. Las FEDR estables se realiza de forma conservadora con yeso sin incluir el codo. El tratamiento de elección quirúrgico es la fijación interna con placas volares y tornillos. No es habitual la utilización de la artroscopia como asistente de la reducción y en casos de inestabilidad de la RCD se trata mediante fijación con agujas transfixiantes o tornillos de fijación de la estiloides cubital. No hay consenso de utilización de suplementos biológicos ni tratamiento coadyuvantes de la osteporosis. La toma de decisiones se realiza tomando en cuenta su experiencia personal y los conocimientos adquiridos durante su vida profesional.Conclusiones: El manejo de las FEDR varía en función de la experiencia de cada cirujano y no se correlaciona necesariamente con la evidencia científica publicada al respecto. Su manejo es heterogéneo y se necesitan estudios mayores y elaborar patrones de consenso para el manejo de estas lesiones.
Valores normativos de la fuerza de puño en la población española en edad laboral. Influencia de las variables antropométricas de la mano y el antebrazo
Authors: Oteo J.A. , Benavente P. , Garzón M. 
Published: October 2015

Objetivos: Determinar si en los individuos adultos sanos existe una apertura óptima del dinamómetro para conseguir la máxima fuerza de puño y si esta se relaciona con los valores de los parámetros antropométricos del antebrazo y la mano. Saber si a través de las medidas antropométricas del antebrazo y la mano es posible predecir la fuerza de puño que puede desarrollar un persona.Métodos: 99 hombres y 103 mujeres (20-60 años). Cada mano se testó 10 veces, utilizando 5 aperturas del dinamómetro TKK. Las medidas antropométricas tomadas fueron ancho de la mano abierta, longitud del segundo, el tercer y el cuarto dedos, anchura de la palma, longitud de la palma, longitud de la mano, longitud del antebrazo, perímetro del antebrazo y grosor de la eminencia tenar.Resultados: Con solo 2 aperturas (5,5-6 cm en varones, 5-5,5 cm en mujeres) se consiguió la máxima fuerza de puño en más del 60% de los individuos. El tamaño de la mano y el antebrazo influyó en la posición de apertura óptima en las mujeres, no en los varones. Los parámetros antropométricos que mejor definieron la fuerza fueron diferentes según el sexo y el lado, pero en ningún caso se logró que el valor de R2 superase el 0,50.Conclusiones: La máxima fuerza de puño se consigue utilizando las posiciones medias del dinamómetro, siendo en mujeres la apertura menor que en varones. Empleando exclusivamente los parámetros antropométricos de la mano y el antebrazo no se consigue un valor predictivo útil, como el obtenido por otros autores con otras medidas antropométricas.
Pharmocologic treatment with histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor (ACY‐738) recovers Alzheimer's disease phenotype in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice
Authors: Majid Tabassum , Griffin Deric , Criss Zachary , Jarpe Matthew , Pautler Robia G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionCurrent therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) focuses on delaying progression, illustrating the need for more effective therapeutic targets. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) modulates tubulin acetylation and has been implicated as an attractive target. HDAC6 is also elevated in postmortem tissue samples from patients. However, HDAC6 inhibitors have had limited success preclinically due to low blood‐brain barrier penetration.MethodWe investigated a specific, potent HDAC6 inhibitor (ACY‐738) in a mouse model of AD. We determined the effects of ACY‐738 treatment on axonal transport, behavior, and pathology in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice.ResultsWe demonstrated improvements in in vivo axonal transport in two treatment groups as a result of ACY‐738 brain levels. We also demonstrated recovery of short‐term learning and memory deficits, hyperactivity, and modifications of tau and tubulin.DiscussionOur findings implicate specific, targeted HDAC6 inhibitors as potential therapeutics and demonstrate that further investigations are warranted into effects of HDAC6 inhibitors in AD.
Routine Use of Contact Precautions for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus: Which Way Is the Pendulum Swinging?
Authors: Russell Dana , Beekmann Susan E. , Polgreen Philip M. , Rubin Zachary , Uslan Daniel Z. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDStudies have suggested that contact precautions (CP) for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus may have risks that outweigh the benefits. These risks, coupled with more widespread use of horizontal interventions such as daily bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate, have brought into question the value of routine CP for these organisms.OBJECTIVETo assess the state of utilization of CP as well as adjunctive measures to reduce the risk of transmission in US hospitals.DESIGNCross-sectional survey.PARTICIPANTSTotal of 751 physician members of the Emerging Infections Network.METHODSAn 8-question electronic survey distributed by email.RESULTSA total of 426/751 (57%) responded to the survey; 337/364 (93%) of respondents use routine CP for methicillin-resistant S. aureus and 335/364 (92%) use routine CP for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. The most widely used trigger for initiation of CP for both pathogens was positive clinical culture. Practices for discontinuation of isolation varied widely. We found that 325/354 (92%) perform routine chlorhexidine gluconate bathing and 236/353 (67%) perform S. aureus decolonization with mupirocin for 1 or more subsets of inpatients, and 82/356 (23%) reported using either hydrogen peroxide vapor or ultraviolet-C room disinfection at discharge. Free text responses noted frustration and variation in the application, practice, and process for initiation and discontinuation of CP.CONCLUSIONSUse of CP for methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus remains commonplace, although horizontal interventions such as chlorhexidine gluconate bathing are increasingly used. The heterogeneity of practices and policies was striking. Evidence-based guidelines regarding CP and horizontal interventions are needed.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;37(1):36–40
Evaluating the Use of the Case Mix Index for Risk Adjustment of Healthcare-Associated Infection Data: An Illustration using Clostridium difficile Infection Data from the National Healthcare Safety Network
Authors: Thompson Nicola D. , Edwards Jonathan R. , Dudeck Margaret A. , Fridkin Scott K. , Magill Shelley S. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDCase mix index (CMI) has been used as a facility-level indicator of patient disease severity. We sought to evaluate the potential for CMI to be used for risk adjustment of National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) healthcare-associated infection (HAI) data.METHODSNHSN facility-wide laboratory-identified Clostridium difficile infection event data from 2012 were merged with the fiscal year 2012 Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) Impact file by CMS certification number (CCN) to obtain a CMI value for hospitals reporting to NHSN. Negative binomial regression was used to evaluate whether CMI was significantly associated with healthcare facility-onset (HO) CDI in univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTSAmong 1,468 acute care hospitals reporting CDI data to NHSN in 2012, 1,429 matched by CCN to a CMI value in the Impact file. CMI (median, 1.49; interquartile range, 1.36–1.66) was a significant predictor of HO CDI in univariate analysis (P<.0001). After controlling for community onset CDI prevalence rate, medical school affiliation, hospital size, and CDI test type use, CMI remained highly significant (P<.0001), with an increase of 0.1 point in CMI associated with a 3.4% increase in the HO CDI incidence rate.CONCLUSIONSCMI was a significant predictor of NHSN HO CDI incidence. Additional work to explore the feasibility of using CMI for risk adjustment of NHSN data is necessary.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;37(1):19–25
Crustal geodynamics from the Archaean Bundelkhand Craton, India: constraints from zircon U–Pb–Hf isotope studies
Authors: SAHA L. , FREI D. , GERDES A. , PATI J. K. , SARKAR S. , PATOLE V. , BHANDARI A. , NASIPURI P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA comprehensive study based on U–Pb and Hf isotope analyses of zircons from gneisses has been conducted along the western part (Babina area) of the E–W-trending Bundelkhand Tectonic Zone in the central part of the Archaean Bundelkhand Craton. 207Pb–206Pb zircon ages and Hf isotopic data indicate the existence of a felsic crust at ~ 3.59 Ga, followed by a second tectonothermal event at ~ 3.44 Ga, leading to calc-alkaline magmatism and subsequent crustal growth. The study hence suggests that crust formation in the Bundelkhand Craton occurred in a similar time-frame to that recorded from the Singhbhum and Bastar cratons of the North Indian Shield.
Specialists, Spies, “Special Settlers”, and Prisoners of War: Social Frictions in the Kuzbass (USSR), 1920–1950
Authors: Landau Julia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Kuzbass coalmining region in western Siberia (Kuznetsk Basin) was explored, populated, and exploited under Stalin’s rule. Struggling to offset a high labour turnover, the local state-run coal company enrolled deportees from other regions of Russia and Siberia, who were controlled by the secret police (OGPU). These workers shared a common experience in having been forcibly separated from their place of origin. At the same time, foreigners were recruited from abroad as experts and offered a privileged position. In the years of the Great Terror (1936−1938) both groups were persecuted, as they were regarded by the state as disloyal and suspicious. After the war, foreigners were recruited in large numbers as prisoners of war. Thus, migrants, foreigners, and deportees from other regions and countries constituted a significant part of the workforce in the Kuzbass, while their status constantly shifted due to economic needs and repressive politics.
Comparison of arginase isoform expression in patients with different subtypes of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Taruya T , Takeno S , Kubota K , Sasaki A , Ishino T , Hirakawa K 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjective:Although human paranasal sinuses are critical organs for nitric oxide production, little information is available regarding the role of arginase in alterations of arginine metabolism and nasal nitric oxide levels that may be informative for classifying chronic rhinosinusitis subtypes.Methods:The expression and localisation of arginase and nitric oxide synthase isoforms in paranasal sinus mucosa were examined, and the fractional exhaled nitric oxide was measured in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (n=18) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (n= 27) patients.Results:Increased arginase-2 activities in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps patients were associated with significantly lower levels of nasal fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients showed significantNOS2messenger RNA upregulation with concomitant higher levels of oral and nasal fractional exhaled nitric oxide.Conclusion:These results indicate that fractional exhaled nitric oxide is a valid marker for differentiating chronic rhinosinusitis phenotypes based on a delicate balance between arginase and nitric oxide synthase activities in nitric oxide production.
Governing the antipodes: international cooperation in Antarctica and the Arctic
Authors: Young Oran R. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe Arctic and the Antarctic appear to be polar opposites with regard to many matters, including the systems of governance that have evolved in the two regions. Antarctica is demilitarised, closed to economic development, open to a wide range of scientific activities, and subject to strict environmental regulations under the terms of the legally binding Antarctic Treaty of 1959 along with several supplementary measures that together form the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS). The Arctic, by contrast, is a theatre of military operations, a site of largescale industrial activities, a homeland for sizable groups of indigenous peoples, and a focus of growing concern regarding the environmental impacts of human activities. The Arctic Council, the principal international body concerned with governance at the regional level, operates under the terms of a ministerial declaration that is not legally binding; it lacks the authority to make formal decisions about matters of current interest. Digging a little deeper, however, one turns up some illuminating similarities between the governance systems operating in the antipodes. In this article, I pursue this line of thinking, setting forth a range of observations relating to (i) the history of governance in the antipodes, (ii) institutional innovations occurring in these regions, (iii) issues of membership, (iv) jurisdictional concerns, (v) the role of science, (vi) relations with the UN system, (vii) institutional interplay, and (viii) the adaptiveness of governance systems in the face of changing circumstances. The governance systems for the polar regions are not likely to converge anytime soon. Nevertheless, this analysis should be of interest not only to those concerned with the fate of Antarctica and the Arctic but also to those seeking to find effective means of addressing needs for governance in other settings calling for governance without government.
On a class of nonlinear anisotropic parabolic problems
Authors: Abdou M. H. , Chrif M. , El Manouni S. , Hjiaj H. 
Published: October 2015

We prove the existence of weak solutions for the strongly nonlinear parabolic problem
in the anisotropic Sobolev space , where the data f are assumed to be in the dual, and the nonlinear term g(x, t, s) has growth and sign conditions on s.
Controversies about the visual areas located at the anterior border of area V2 in primates
Authors: GATTASS RICARDO , LIMA BRUSS , SOARES JULIANA G.M. , UNGERLEIDER LESLIE G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAnatomical and electrophysiological studies have provided us with detailed information regarding the extent and topography of the primary (V1) and secondary (V2) visual areas in primates. The consensus about the V1 and V2 maps, however, is in sharp contrast with controversies regarding the organization of the cortical areas lying immediately rostral to V2. In this review, we address the contentious issue of the extent of the third visual area (V3). Specifically, we will argue for the existence of both ventral (V3v) and dorsal (V3d) segments of V3, which are located, respectively, adjacent to the anterior border of ventral and dorsal V2. V3v and V3d would together constitute a single functional area with a complete representation of both upper and lower visual hemifields. Another contentious issue is the organization of the parietal-occipital (PO) area, which also borders the rostral edge of the medial portion of dorsal V2. Different from V1, V2, and V3, which exhibit a topography based on the defined lines of isoeccentricity and isopolar representation, area PO only has a systematic representation of polar angles, with an emphasis on the peripheral visual field (isoeccentricity lines are not well defined). Based on the connectivity patterns of area PO with distinct cytochrome oxidase modules in V2, we propose a subdivision of the dorsal stream of visual information processing into lateral and medial domains. In this model, area PO constitutes the first processing instance of the dorsal-medial stream, coding for the full-field flow of visual cues during navigation. Finally, we compare our findings with those in other species of Old and New World monkeys and argue that larger animals, such as macaque and capuchin monkeys, have similar organizations of the areas rostral to V2, which is different from that in smaller New World monkeys.
Co-localization of glutamic acid decarboxylase and vesicular GABA transporter in cytochrome oxidase patches of macaque striate cortex
Authors: ADAMS DANIEL L. , ECONOMIDES JOHN R. , HORTON JONATHAN C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe patches in primary visual cortex constitute hot spots of metabolic activity, manifested by enhanced levels of cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity. They are also labeled preferentially by immunostaining for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and parvalbumin. However, calbindin shows stronger immunoreactivity outside patches. In light of this discrepancy, the distribution of the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) was examined in striate cortex of two normal macaques. VGAT immunoreactivity was strongest in layers 4B, 4Cα, and 5. In tangential sections, the distribution of CO, GAD, and VGAT was compared in layer 2/3. There was a close match between all three labels. This finding indicates that GABA synthesis is enriched in patches, and that inhibitory synapses are more active in patches than interpatches.
Disaster Management and General Dental Practitioners in India: An Overlooked Resource
Authors: Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Rajesh Gururaghavendran , Chhabra Chaya , Binnal Almas , Sharma Ashish , Pachori Yashpal 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess General Dental Practitioners’ (GDPs) in India willingness to participate in disaster management and their previous training pertaining to disaster management, and to assess GDP objective knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding disaster management.Materials and MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional survey conducted on all GDPs of Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Willingness to participate, perceived knowledge, perceived effectiveness, objective knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding disaster management were assessed through questionnaire method. Information also was collected regarding age, gender, religion, and residence.ResultsA total of 142 out of 180 GDPs participated in the study, representing a response rate of 79%. A majority (85%) of respondents were willing to participate in disaster management. Mean score for knowledge was 12.21%, for attitude was 33.56%, for behavior was 14.50%, and for perceived effectiveness was 9.08%. Significant correlations were observed between qualification and perceived effectiveness (P=.003), and between attitude and years of practice (P=.04). Willingness to participate in disaster management and age showed significant association (P=.000).ConclusionsHigh willingness and attitude to participate in disaster management was observed among respondents. Low knowledge and behavior scores were observed among GDPs.ChhabraKG,RajeshG,ChhabraC,BinnalA,SharmaA,PachoriY.Disaster management and General Dental Practitioners in India: an overlooked resource.Prehosp Disaster Med.2015;30(6):569–573.