bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloning and characterization of a thermostable detergent‐compatible recombinant keratinase from Bacillus pumilus KS12
Authors: Rajput Rinky , Sharma Richa , Gupta Rani 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFunctional expression of a keratinase from a potential feather‐degrading bacterium, Bacillus pumilus KS12, was achieved in Escherichia coli using pEZZ18 vector. The enzyme was constitutively secreted at 37°C and 300 rpm after 18 H of incubation and was purified to homogeneity using diethylaminoethyl‐Sepharose column. It was completely stable within the pH range of 7.0–10.0 with optima at pH 9.0, and temperature 30°C–90°C with optima at 70°C. It had high thermostability with a t1/2 of more than 4 H at 70°C, more than 2 H at 80°C, and 30 Min at 90°C. The enzyme was identified as a serine hydrolase as it was completely inhibited by 10 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. It retained more than 90% relative activity in the presence of chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 1,10‐o‐phenanthroline. It was also a thiol‐activated enzyme with 3.32‐ and fourfold activation in the presence of 10 mM dithiothreitol and β‐mercaptoethanol. The keratinase exhibited high detergent compatibility and oxidation stability with an eight‐ and fivefold enhancement in the presence of triton X‐100 and saponin, respectively. It hydrolyzed a large array of protein substrates with a keratinolytic–caseinolytic ratio of more than 0.5. Amidolytic activity revealed its cleavage on phenylalanine → leucine → alanine–p‐nitroanilides. In addition, electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry analysis of hydrolyzed insulin B‐chain revealed cleavage between Leu6–Cys7, Cys7–Gly8, Tyr16–Leu17, Cys19–Gly20, Gly23–Phe24, Phe24–Phe25, and Phe25–Tyr26 residues.
Genetic engineering of the pancreatic β‐cell line MIN6 to express bacterial globin proteins protects cells from nitrosative stress
Authors: Frey Alexander D. , Schmid Vinzenz H. , Kallio Pauli T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSusceptibility of pancreatic β‐cells to nitric oxide (NO) is a prime issue in type 1 diabetes mellitus. NO is produced by intraislet‐resident macrophages or by the β‐cells themselves after cytokine stimulation, leading to reduction of viability and apoptosis. We have previously demonstrated a potent NO detoxification activity of bacterial globin proteins. Unlike the mammalian counterparts, these proteins can possess an intramolecular reductase domain, which increases the catalytic NO turnover. Constitutive expression of either Ralstonia eutropha flavohemoglobin or Vitreoscilla hemoglobin increased the cellular viability of MIN6 β‐cell cultures exposed to the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) maximally by 42.8% and 33.8%, respectively, relative to the wild‐type MIN6 control. Addition of SNP to a final concentration of 100 μM induced caspase activity. Under these conditions, no significant induction of caspase activity was observed in the globin‐protected cells, whereas in the parental MIN6 cells, caspase activity was increased by 57 ± 2%. Treatment of β‐cells with a combination of interleukin‐1β, interferon‐γ, and tumor necrosis factor‐α stimulated the generation of NO in vivo, and the heterologous expression of globin proteins could protect β‐cells to a small extent from the cytokine challenge.
Techno‐economics of microalgae production and conversion to refinery‐ready oil with co‐product credits
Authors: Manganaro James L. , Lawal Adeniyi , Goodall Brian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe economics of the production of hydrotreated algal oil (HTAO) along with co‐production of animal feed and nutraceuticals (omega‐3 oils) was explored. Base case calculations were for commercial scale production of 10 000 barrels per day of HTAO with nutraceuticals claiming only 0.05% of the raw algae oil (AO). The sensitivity of economics to critical parameters was studied. The greatest sensitivity of sales price was to the algae doubling time. Doubling time might be reduced by increasing pond velocity or other mixing‐inducing means. Other important parameters were oil content, CAPEX, and moisture content of post‐extracted algal residue. Algal area weight productivity (g/m2/day) was calculated from four parameters: initial algal concentration, pond depth, residence time in pond, and algae doubling time. Using presently accepted operating parameter values and with co‐product credits, the estimated plant gate price was ~ $10/gal. However, it was shown that there is significant potential for enhanced economics through moderate improvements in many areas. Credits for co‐production of animal feed and nutraceuticals were $3.24/gal and $0.14/gal, respectively. At constant oil area productivity (gal/acre/yr), the trade‐off between oil content and area weight productivity favors oil content. In the limit of 100% oil content (no solid co‐product) a sale price of $7.90/gal was estimated. Hydrotreatment of AO was discussed. Municipal waste‐water tertiary treatment was briefly discussed but not deemed viable on a large scale. An easy‐to‐use Excel spreadsheet for material and energy balances and economics was developed as a flexible scouting tool. The symbol ‘$’ denotes US dollars. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models of small molecules and therapeutic antibodies: a mini‐review on fundamental concepts and applications
Authors: Ferl Gregory Z. , Theil Frank‐Peter , Wong Harvey 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe mechanisms of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of small and large molecule therapeutics differ significantly from one another and can be explored within the framework of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. This paper briefly reviews fundamental approaches to PBPK modeling, in which drug kinetics within tissues and organs are explicitly represented using physiologically meaningful parameters. The differences in PBPK models applied to small/large molecule drugs are highlighted, thus elucidating differences in absorption, distribution and elimination properties between these two classes of drugs in a systematic manner. The absorption of small and large molecules differs with respect to their common extravascular routes of delivery (oral versus subcutaneous). The role of the lymphatic system in drug distribution, and the involvement of tissues as sites of elimination (through catabolism and target mediated drug disposition) are unique features of antibody distribution and elimination that differ from small molecules, which are commonly distributed into the tissues but are eliminated primarily by liver metabolism. Fundamental differences exist in the ability to predict human pharmacokinetics based upon preclinical data due to differing mechanisms governing small and large molecule disposition. These differences have influence on the evolving utilization of PBPK modeling in the discovery and development of small and large molecule therapeutics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteoblast recruitment to sites of bone formation in skeletal development, homeostasis, and regeneration
Authors: Dirckx Naomi , Van Hul Matthias , Maes Christa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDuring endochondral bone development, bone‐forming osteoblasts have to colonize the regions of cartilage that will be replaced by bone. In adulthood, bone remodeling and repair require osteogenic cells to reach the sites that need to be rebuilt, as a prerequisite for skeletal health. A failure of osteoblasts to reach the sites in need of bone formation may contribute to impaired fracture repair. Conversely, stimulation of osteogenic cell recruitment may be a promising osteo‐anabolic strategy to improve bone formation in low bone mass disorders such as osteoporosis and in bone regeneration applications. Yet, still relatively little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling osteogenic cell recruitment to sites of bone formation. In vitro, several secreted growth factors have been shown to induce osteogenic cell migration. Recent studies have started to shed light on the role of such chemotactic signals in the regulation of osteoblast recruitment during bone remodeling. Moreover, trafficking of osteogenic cells during endochondral bone development and repair was visualized in vivo by lineage tracing, revealing that the capacity of osteoblast lineage cells to move into new bone centers is largely confined to undifferentiated osteoprogenitors, and coupled to angiogenic invasion of the bone‐modeling cartilage intermediate. It is well known that the presence of blood vessels is absolutely required for bone formation, and that a close spatial and temporal relationship exists between osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Studies using genetically modified mouse models have identified some of the molecular constituents of this osteogenic–angiogenic coupling. This article reviews the current knowledge on the process of osteoblast lineage cell recruitment to sites of active bone formation in skeletal development, remodeling, and repair, considering the role of chemo‐attractants for osteogenic cells and the interplay between osteogenesis and angiogenesis in the control of bone formation. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 99:170–191, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of robotic surgery compared with conventional laparoscopic and open resections for gastric carcinoma
Authors: Hyun M-H , Lee C-H , Kim H-J , Tong Y , Park S-S 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background
Robot-assisted gastrectomy (RAG) has been developed in the hope of improving surgical quality and overcoming the limitations of conventional laparoscopically assisted gastrectomy (LAG) and open gastrectomy (OG) for gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of evidence in support of these ideals.

Methods
A systematic review of the three operation types (RAG, LAG and OG) was carried out to evaluate short-term outcomes including duration of operation, retrieved lymph nodes, estimated blood loss, resection margin status, technical postoperative complications and hospital stay.

Results
Nine non-randomized observational clinical studies involving 7200 patients satisfied the eligibility criteria. RAG was associated with longer operating times than LAG and OG (weighted mean difference 61·99 and 65·73 min respectively; P ≤ 0·001). The number of retrieved lymph nodes and the resection margin length in RAG were comparable with those of LAG and OG. Estimated blood loss was significantly less in RAG than in OG (P = 0·002), but not LAG. Mean hospital stay for RAG was similar to that for LAG (P = 0·14). In contrast, hospital stay was significantly shorter, by a mean of 2·18 days, for RAG compared with OG (P &lt; 0·001). Postoperative complications were similar for all three operative approaches.

Conclusion
Short-term oncological outcomes of RAG were comparable with those of the other approaches. LAG was a shorter procedure and less expensive than RAG. Future studies involving RAG should focus on minimizing duration of operation and reducing cost.
Measuring corporate environmental performance: the trade‐offs of sustainability ratings
Authors: Delmas Magali , Blass Vered Doctori 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSocially responsible investing (SRI) represents an investment process that reflects environmental and social preferences. The financial industry is in a unique position to move corporations towards corporate sustainability. However, there is often little transparency regarding the metrics used to evaluate corporate social and environmental performance and the trade‐offs involved in the evaluation. In this paper we discuss the various trade‐offs of sustainability screening methodologies. We show that the rating of companies varies significantly according to whether the screening is based on toxic releases and regulatory compliance or on the quality of environmental policy and disclosure. We base our analysis on the evaluation of the performance of 15 firms in the chemical sector. The analysis indicates that firms that have the most advanced reporting and environmental management practices tend also to have higher levels of toxic releases and lower environmental compliance. We provide methodological recommendations to help stakeholders evaluate corporate environmental performance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Does personality matter in exercise participation?
Authors: Yap Sheau‐Fen , Lee Christina Kwai Choi 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis research extends previous work by demonstrating how the relationships between social cognition and exercise are influenced by different personality types. The theory of planned behaviour forms the basis of our theoretical model, and the Big Five personality framework was used to determine personality types. Data were collected from a quota sample of 512 Malaysian adults. The results suggest that an individual's personality can prevent him or her from exercising. For example, an extrovert is likely to be driven by affect and self‐confidence in their capability to exercise, and thus are more likely to participate in exercise. Those who are more conscientious (and less neurotic) feel more in control and thus possess a greater ability to exercise in comparison with their less conscientious and more neurotic counterparts. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering personality factors in exercise research and caution us about underestimating the relationship between perceived control, attitude and its potential behavioural outcomes that could lead to a misinterpretation of its true impact. Our core contribution lies in identifying the underlying causes of social cognition differences in a moderating capacity, which has potential to yield important theoretical and practical implications. This study sets the ground for social marketers to improve their understanding of exercise behaviour and, in turn, consumer welfare. Ultimately, they could be in a better position to develop effective health intervention and educational programmes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delineation of G‐Quadruplex Alkylation Sites Mediated by 3,6‐Bis(1‐methyl‐4‐vinylpyridinium iodide)carbazole‐Aniline Mustard Conjugates
Authors: Chen Chien‐Han , Hu Tsung‐Hao , Huang Tzu‐Chiao , Chen Ying‐Lan , Chen Yet‐Ran , Cheng Chien‐Chung , Chen Chao‐Tsen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA new G‐quadruplex (G‐4)‐directing alkylating agent BMVC‐C3M was designed and synthesized to integrate 3,6‐bis(1‐methyl‐4‐vinylpyridinium iodide)carbazole (BMVC) with aniline mustard. Various telomeric G‐4 structures (hybrid‐2 type and antiparallel) and an oncogene promoter, c‐MYC (parallel), were constructed to react with BMVC‐C3M, yielding 35 % alkylation yield toward G‐4 DNA over other DNA categories (<6 %) and high specificity under competition conditions. Analysis of the intact alkylation adducts by electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI‐MS) revealed the stepwise DNA alkylation mechanism of aniline mustard for the first time. Furthermore, the monoalkylation sites and intrastrand cross‐linking sites were determined and found to be dependent on G‐4 topology based on the results of footprinting analysis in combination with mass spectroscopic techniques and in silico modeling. The results indicated that BMVC‐C3M preferentially alkylated at A15 (H26), G12 (H24), and G2 (c‐MYC), respectively, as monoalkylated adducts and formed A15–C3M–A21 (H26), G12–C3M–G4 (H24), and G2–C3M–G4/G17 (c‐MYC), respectively, as cross‐linked dialkylated adducts. Collectively, the stability and site‐selective cross‐linking capacity of BMVC‐C3M provides a credible tool for the structural and functional characterization of G‐4 DNAs in biological systems.
Propargyl resin derived from biosynthesized oligophenols for the application of high temperature composite matrix
Authors: Huang Chuanjin , Wang Mingcun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel addition‐cure‐type propargyloligophenol resin for high‐temperature usage was prepared via a two‐step process: Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) catalyzed oxidation polymerization of phenols to oligophenols, and Williamson etherification of oligophenols to propargyloligophenols. Propargyloligophenols possess an ideal processability for composite manufacture, i.e. good solubility, low melting point (< 50 °C), and thermal curability. As shown by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), propargyloligophenol resin upon heating experiences a broad thermal exothermic peak in the range of 175–300 °C peaking at around 260 °C. The cured resin is high‐temperature resistant with an initial decomposition temperature > 400 °C and an anaerobic char yield > 60 % at 700 °C. The mechanical properties of glass fabric‐reinforced propargyloligophenol laminate were superior to those of conventional phenolic resins. The results showed that propargyloligophenol resin is a prospective polymeric matrix for high temperature composites.
Removal of linear and monobranched alkane from aviation gasoline by 5A zeolite adsorption for octane number enhancement
Authors: Chen Kai , Sun Ting , Xiang Hai 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDue to continued concern about effects of tetraethyl lead (TEL) emission on the environment and human health, the complete removal of TEL from aviation gasoline (avgas) is a desirable pursuit. In order to maintain high antiknock performance of avgas, an advanced adsorption method was developed using 5A zeolite to remove linear and monobranched alkane from avgas for octane number enhancement. An experimental study of single, binary, and quaternary adsorption of octane isomers on a fixed bed reactor was performed in this work. The effects of partial pressure, operating temperature, and initial mixture composition on breakthrough curves and sorption selectivity were thoroughly studied. At fixed partial pressure, normal octane was the strongest‐adsorbed component, followed by 2‐methylheptane, 2, 5‐dimethylhexane, and 2, 2, 4‐trimethylpentane. Adsorption capacity of all components increased with increased partial pressure and decreased with increased operating temperature. However, for all binary mixtures studied in this work, the sorption selectivity decreased as total pressure increased. At equimolar concentrations the normal and monobranched isomers were preferentially adsorbed, while when the volume percentages of the isomers were different, the adsorption of the isomer with the higher volume ratio was favoured. The quaternary breakthrough curves for octane isomers at 473 K with each component having partial pressure of 0.15 kPa also indicated the feasibility of simultaneous removal of normal and monobranched isomers from a multiple‐component mixture by this 5A zeolite.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Dehydrogenative α‐Alkylation of Aldehydes with Benzylic Compounds
Authors: Huang Fen , Xu Lubin , Xiao Jian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe highly enantioselective cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of aldehydes with benzylic compounds has been developed as an efficient and rapid protocol for synthesis of enantioriched α‐alkylated aldehydes.
18F‐FDG PET/CT and MRI in the follow‐up of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ghanooni Rose , Delpierre Isabelle , Magremanne Michèle , Vervaet Catherine , Dumarey Nicolas , Remmelink Myriam , Lacroix Simon , Trotta Nicola , Hassid Sergio , Goldman Serge 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe evaluated the diagnostic performance of 18F‐FDG PET/CT and MRI for the assessment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) relapse. Since early treatment might prevent inoperable relapse, we also evaluated THE performance of early unenhanced 18F‐FDG PET/CT in residual tumor detection. The study was prospectively performed on 32 patients who underwent 18F‐FDG PET/CT and MRI before treatment and at 4 and 12 months after treatment. 18F‐FDG PET/CT was also performed 2 weeks after the end of radiotherapy. Histopathology or a minimum of 18 months follow‐up were used as gold standard. Before treatment 18F‐FDG PET/CT and MRI detected all primary tumors except for two limited vocal fold lesions (sensitivity 94%). MRI was more sensitive than 18F‐FDG PET/CT for the detection of local extension sites (sensitivity 75 vs 58%), but at the cost of a higher rate of false positive results (positive predictive value 74 vs 86%). For relapse detection at 4 months, sensitivity was significantly higher for 18F‐FDG PET/CT (92%) than for MRI (70%), but the diagnostic performances were not significantly different at 12 months. For the detection of residual malignant tissue 2 weeks post‐radiotherapy, sensitivity and specificity of 18F‐FDG PET/CT were respectively 86 and 85% (SUV cut‐off value 5.8). 18F‐FDG PET/CT is effective in the differentiation between residual tumor and radiation‐induced changes, as early as 2 weeks after treatment of a primary HNSCC. For follow‐up, performance of 18F‐FDG PET/CT and MRI are similar except for a higher sensitivity of 18F‐FDG PET/CT at 4 months. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diet quality of cancer survivors and noncancer individuals: Results from a national survey
Authors: Zhang Fang Fang , Liu Shanshan , John Esther M. , Must Aviva , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDPatterns of poor nutritional intake may exacerbate the elevated morbidity experienced by cancer survivors. It remains unclear whether cancer survivors adhere to existing dietary guidelines and whether survivors' diets differ from those of individuals without cancer over the long term.METHODSThe authors evaluated dietary intake and quality in 1533 adult cancer survivors who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2010 compared with dietary intake and quality in 3075 individuals who had no history of cancer and were matched to the cancer survivors by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Dietary intake was assessed using 24‐hour dietary recalls. The 2010 Healthy Eating Index (HEI‐2010) was used to evaluate diet quality.RESULTSThe mean ± standard deviation HEI‐2010 total score was 47.2 ± 0.5 in the cancer survivors and 48.3 ± 0.4 in the noncancer group (P = .03). Compared with the noncancer group, cancer survivors had a significantly lower score for empty calories (13.6 vs 14.4; P = .001), which corresponded to worse adherence to dietary intake of calories from solid fats, alcohol, and added sugars. Cancer survivors also had significantly lower dietary intake of fiber than the noncancer group (15.0 vs 15.9 g per day; P = .02). In relation to recommended intake, survivors' mean dietary intake of vitamin D, vitamin E, potassium, fiber, and calcium was 31%, 47%, 55%, 60%, and 73%, respectively; whereas their mean dietary intake of saturated fat and sodium was 112% and 133%, respectively, of the recommended intake.CONCLUSIONSCancer survivors had poor adherence to the US Department of Agriculture 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and their intake patterns were worse than those in the general population for empty calories and fiber. Cancer 2015;121:4212–4221. © 2015 American Cancer Society.