bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Search across Different Media: Numeric Data Sets and Text Files
Authors: Buckland Michael , Chen Aitao , Gey Fredric C. , Larson Ray R. 
Published: February 2013

Digital technology encourages the hope of searching across and between different media forms (text, sound, image, numeric data). Topic searches are described in two different media: text files and socioeconomic numeric databases and also for transverse searching, whereby retrieved text is used to find topically related numeric data and vice versa. Direct transverse searching across different media is impossible. Descriptive metadata provide enabling infrastructure, but usually require mappings between different vocabularies and a search-term recommender system. Statistical association techniques and natural-language processing can help. Searches in socioeconomic numeric databases ordinarily require that place and time be specified.
OPAC Design Enhancements and Their Effects on Circulation and Resource Sharing within the Library Consortium Environment
Authors: Bennett Michael J. 
Published: February 2013

A longitudinal study of three discrete online public access catalog (OPAC) design enhancements examined the possible effects such changes may have on circulation and resource sharing within the automated library consortium environment. Statistical comparisons were made of both circulation and interlibrary loan (ILL) figures from the year before enhancement to the year after implementation. Data from sixteen libraries covering a seven-year period were studied in order to determine the degree to which patrons may or may not utilize increasingly broader OPAC ILL options over time. Results indicated that while ILL totals increased significantly after each OPAC enhancement, such gains did not result in significant corresponding changes in total circulation.
Public Libraries and Internet Access across the United States: A Comparison by State 2004–2006
Authors: Jaeger Paul T. , Bertot John Carlo , McClure Charles R. , Rodriguez Miranda 
Published: February 2013

Drawing upon findings from a national survey of U.S. public libraries, this paper examines trends in Internet and public computing access in public libraries across states from 2004 to 2006. Based on library-supplied information about levels and types of Internet and public computing access, the authors offer insights into the network-based content and services that public libraries provide. Examining data from 2004 to 2006 reveals trends and accomplishments in certain states and geographic regions. This paper details and discusses the data, identifies and analyzes issues related to Internet access, and suggests areas for future research.
An Assessment of Student Satisfaction with a Circulating Laptop Service
Authors: Feldmann Louise , Wess Lindsey , Moothart Tom 
Published: February 2013

Since May of 2000, Colorado State University’s (CSU) Morgan Library has provided a laptop computer lending service. In five years the service had expanded from 20 to 172 laptops. Although the service was deemed a success, users complained about slow laptop startups, lost data, and lost wireless connections. In the fall of 2005, the program was formally assessed using a customer satisfaction survey. This paper discusses the results of the survey and changes made to the service based on user feedback.
Classification of Library Resources by Subject on the Library Website: Is There an Optimal Number of Subject Labels?
Authors: Miles Mathew J. , Bergstrom Scott J. 
Published: February 2013

The number of labels used to organize resources by subject varies greatly among library websites. Some librarians choose very short lists of labels while others choose much longer lists. We conducted a study with 120 students and staff to try to answer the following question: What is the effect of the number of labels in a list on response time to research questions? What we found is that response time increases gradually as the number of the items in the list grow until the list size reaches approximately fifty items. At that point, response time increases significantly. No association between response time and relevance was found.
Success Factors and Strategic Planning: Rebuilding an Academic Library Digitization Program
Authors: Lampert Cory , Vaughan Jason 
Published: February 2013

This paper discusses a dual approach of case study and research survey to investigate the complex factors in sustaining academic library digitization programs. The case study involves the background of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Libraries’ digitization program and elaborates on the authors’ efforts to gain staff support for this program. A related survey was administered to all Association of Research Libraries (ARL) members, seeking to collect baseline data on their digital collections, understand their respective administrative frameworks, and to gather feedback on both negative obstacles and positive inputs affecting their success. Results from the survey, combined with the authors’ local experience, point to several potential success factors including staff skill sets, funding, and strategic planning.
Information Discovery Insights Gained from MultiPAC, a Prototype Library Discovery System
Authors: Dolski Alex A. 
Published: February 2013

At the University of Nevada Las Vegas Libraries, as in most libraries, resources are dispersed into a number of closed “silos” with an organization-centric, rather than patron-centric, layout. Patrons frequently have trouble navigating and discovering the dozens of disparate interfaces, and any attempt at a global overview of our information offerings is at the same time incomplete and highly complex. While consolidation of interfaces is widely considered to be desirable, certain challenges have made it elusive in practice.
Usability Studies of Faceted Browsing: A Literature Review
Authors: Fagan Jody Condit 
Published: February 2013

Faceted browsing is a common feature of new library catalog interfaces. But to what extent does it improve user performance in searching within today’s library catalog systems? This article reviews the literature for user studies involving faceted browsing and user studies of “next-generation” library catalogs that incorporate faceted browsing. Both the results and the methods of these studies are analyzed by asking, What do we currently know about faceted browsing? How can we design better studies of faceted browsing in library catalogs? The article proposes methodological considerations for practicing librarians and provides examples of goals, tasks, and measurements for user studies of faceted browsing in library catalogs.
Web Services and Widgets for Library Information Systems
Authors: Back Godmar , Bailey Annette 
Published: February 2013

As more libraries integrate information from web services to enhance their online public displays, techniques that facilitate this integration are needed. This paper presents a technique for such integration that is based on HTML widgets. We discuss three example systems (Google Book Classes, Tictoclookup, and MAJAX) that implement this technique. These systems can be easily adapted without requiring programming experience or expensive hosting.
An Evolutive Process to Convert Glossaries into Ontologies
Authors: Hilera José R. , Pagés Carmen , Martínez J. Javier , Gutiérrez J. Antonio , De-Marcos Luis 
Published: February 2013

This paper describes a method to generate ontologies from glossaries of terms. The proposed method presupposes an evolutionary life cycle based on successive transformations of the original glossary that lead to products of intermediate knowledge representation (dictionary, taxonomy, and thesaurus). These products are characterized by an increase in semantic expressiveness in comparison to the product obtained in the previous transformation, with the ontology as the end product. Although this method has been applied to produce an ontology from the “IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology,” it could be applied to any glossary of any knowledge domain to generate an ontology that may be used to index or search for information resources and documents stored in libraries or on the Semantic Web.
Synthesis of Chiral N‐Sulfonyl and N‐Phosphinoyl α‐Halo Aldimine Precursors
Authors: Stanton Gretchen R. , Göllü Mehmet , Platoff Rebecca M. , Rich Corinne E. , Carroll Patrick J. , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstractα‐Halogenated aldimines have emerged as an important class of synthetic intermediates. The stability and reactivity of α‐halo aldimines can vary greatly depending on the nitrogen protecting group. A general synthesis of stable, chiral α‐halo‐N‐sulfonyl and N‐phosphinoyl aldimine precursors is presented (42–96% yield). The corresponding α‐halo aldimines can be isolated upon treatment with a mild base. Enantioenriched α‐chloro aldehydes can be employed to afford aldimine precursors with no erosion of optical purity. Both the enantioenriched aldimine precursor and the isolated aldimine can react with an alkynyllithium nucleophile to give trans‐β‐chloroamine products with excellent dr. Ring closure affords the enantioenriched trans‐aziridine, demonstrating the potential for this approach in complex molecule synthesis.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Diaryl‐Substituted Spirocyclohexanonepyrazolones through a Cascade [4+2] Double Michael Addition
Authors: Zhang Jin‐Xin , Li Nai‐Kai , Liu Zhao‐Min , Huang Xiao‐Fei , Geng Zhi‐Cong , Wang Xing‐Wang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe spirocyclic pyrazolones are an important class of molecular structures with significant biological and pharmaceutical activities. Herein, we demonstrate that the combination of a Cinchona‐based chiral primary amine and an ortho‐fluorobenzoic acid is an efficient catalyst system for the double Michael addition of arylidenepyrazolones with α,β‐unsaturated ketones, providing chiral unsymmetrical 6,10‐diaryl‐substituted spiro[cyclohexanone‐pyrazolone] derivatives in high yields (up to 98%) with good diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 88:12 dr, 99% ee).
Synthesis and Characterization of PVAc‐MMT‐DOAB Exfoliated Nanocomposites: Reducing Polymerization Time and Water in the Synthesis
Authors: Cui Hui‐Wang , Du Guan‐Ben 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, an organic montmorillonite from a montmorillonite (MMT) and a dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DOAB) was added to polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) to prepare the exfoliated nanocomposites of PVAc‐MMT‐DOAB through five different synthesis processes. PVAc‐MMT‐DOAB was then investigated using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and static tensile. PVAc linear macromolecular chains were formed in MMT‐DOAB layers and exfoliated into single layers and sheets of nanoparticles to form different interesting structures. The static tensile of PVAc‐MMT‐DOAB was better than PVAc. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2013, 32, 21343; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21343
Degradation of a Fluorine‐Free Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Substitute in Chromium Plating Solutions
Authors: Wienand N. , Constapel M. , Budde K. , Marzinkowski J. M. , Gäb S. , Schmitz O. J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHexavalent chromium solutions for decorative chromium plating in which perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was replaced by the fluorine‐free oleylamine ethoxylate were investigated. This substitute is degraded under the highly oxidative conditions of chromium plating processes and thus has to be replenished. In both an industrial plant and laboratory experiments the lead anode was found to undergo increased corrosion when oleylamine ethoxylate is used. This lead then precipitates as PbCrO4. The weight loss of the Pb anode was investigated for the use of PFOS and oleylamine ethoxylate as surfactants. It was shown in laboratory experiments that organic substances accumulate in chromium plating solutions with this alternative surfactant. By ion chromatography combined with mass spectrometric detection, dicarboxylates and amino dicarboxylates were identified. However, no negative impact on process safety and product quality could be determined when oleylamine ethoxylate was used. Monitoring of dissolved organic carbon is proposed as a means of assessing a chromium plating solution for organic contamination.
Solid‐Phase Removal of Dissolved Organic Species from Water and Identification by GC–MS
Authors: Albishri Hassan M. , Mahmoud Mohamed E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA method is described for the detection and identification of dissolved organic compounds (DOCs) in various water samples. Acid treated active silica gel sorbent (pH 3) was packed into a micro‐column and used as a solid‐phase extraction medium for adsorption of DOCs. Silica particles‐adsorbed‐organic species were then divided into equal portions followed by suspension into various organic solvents of different polarities such as methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and toluene. Suspended silica‐adsorbed‐organic species were shaken for 1 h at room temperature and the organic extracts were subjected to GC–MS analysis under temperature programming conditions for qualitative detection and identification of these species. Blank solvents and silica samples were also subjected to the same extraction procedures and GC–MS analysis for comparison. The mass spectrum of each eluted chromatographic peak was library searched or manually interpreted to identify the compound.
Optimization of the radiative antenna for 7‐T magnetic resonance body imaging
Authors: Ipek Ozlem , Raaijmakers Alexander , Lagendijk Jan , Luijten Peter , van den Berg Cornelis 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMagnetic resonance prostate imaging at 300 MHz is complicated by the effects arising from the short RF wavelength in biological tissue. A radiative antenna leads to a better RF signal penetration for sites located at one or more wavelengths depth, i.e. beyond the near zone. It consists of a dipole antenna placed on a high‐dielectric substrate. The effects of changes in substrate dimensions and relative permittivity upon the electromagnetic fields, the B efficiency and the Poynting vector at 10 cm depth are investigated for a realistic body phantom by using electromagnetic simulations. A high relative permittivity substrate is favorable in terms of B efficiency, practical dimensions and weight but it leads to a higher SAR exposure. For optimal B efficiency a relative permittivity in the range of 90 to 110 should be preferred and a minimum thickness of 40 to 50 mm and a width of 50 mm. For optimal local SAR/(B)2 ratio, an optimal thickness would be around 50 mm and the width would be as large as possible. This may lead to an impractical element size in terms of weight. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 43B: 1–10, 2013
The magnet system for rapid scan electron paramagnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy
Authors: Czechowski Tomasz , Chlewicki Wojciech , Baranowski Mikolaj , Jurga Kazimierz , Szczesniak Eugeniusz , Szostak Marek , Malinowski Pawel , Kedzia Piotr , Szczepanik Piotr , Szulc Piotr , Wosinski Stanislaw , Prukala Wieslaw , Jurga Jan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe magnet and gradient systems suitable for electron paramagnetic resonance imaging experiments at RF range are presented. The air‐core magnet based on the Helmholtz design in the article has a unique conical shape. A comprehensive study regarding the coils adjustment providing for the maximum field homogeneity is given. The z gradient is a four‐coil system (seventh order), the transverse gradients are Golay coils (fifth order), and the scan system is the Helmholtz coil (fourth order). The magnet generates continuously a field of 37 mT (370 G), and the orthogonal gradient coils are designed to yield 100 mT/m (10 G/cm). The experimental tests have shown that the field generated is homogeneous to ±10 ppm in the 6 × 6 × 3 cm3 region (x/y/z), which is our field of interest, and to ±50 ppm in the 8 × 8 × 4 cm3 region (x/y/z). The system has the potential to monitor temporal changes of oxygen concentration in biological samples. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 43B:22–31, 2013
Gene flow in the green mirid, Creontiades dilutus (Hemiptera: Miridae), across arid and agricultural environments with different host plant species
Authors: Hereward J. P. , Walter G. H. , DeBarro P. J. , Lowe A. J. , Riginos C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCreontiades dilutus (Stål), the green mirid, is a polyphagous herbivorous insect endemic to Australia. Although common in the arid interior of Australia and found on several native host plants that are spatially and temporally ephemeral, green mirids also reach pest levels on several crops in eastern Australia. These host‐associated dynamics, distributed across a large geographic area, raise questions as to whether (1) seasonal fluctuations in population size result in genetic bottlenecks and drift, (2) arid and agricultural populations are genetically isolated, and (3) the use of different host plants results in genetic differentiation. We sequenced a mitochondrial COI fragment from individuals collected over 24 years and screened microsatellite variation from 32 populations across two seasons. The predominance of a single COI haplotype and negative Tajima D in samples from 2006/2007 fit with a population expansion model. In the older collections (1983 and 1993), a different haplotype is most prevalent, consistent with successive population contractions and expansions. Microsatellite data indicates recent migration between inland sites and coastal crops and admixture in several populations. Altogether, the data suggest that long‐distance dispersal occurs between arid and agricultural regions, and this, together with fluctuations in population size, leads to temporally dynamic patterns of genetic differentiation. Host‐associated differentiation is evident between mirids sampled from plants in the genus Cullen (Fabaceae), the primary host, and alternative host plant species growing nearby in arid regions. Our results highlight the importance of jointly assessing natural and agricultural environments in understanding the ecology of pest insects.
Fine‐scale variability of topsoil moisture in a first‐order stream of a temperate forest
Authors: Uria‐Diez Jaime , Ibáñez Ricardo 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis work explains the effect of microtopography on the spatio‐temporal gradient of topsoil moisture in a first‐order stream in a forested mountainous area of northern Spain. This gradient was also related with the availability of suitable microsites for a forest riparian sedge (Carex remota).Topsoil moisture, presence ofC. remotaand height and distance from the stream edges were measured in 385 points along 35 transects perpendicular to the stream. Soil moisture measurements were repeated in three different dates.Topsoil moisture showed a sigmoid trend that defined the limits of a wet riparian zone at 1·25 m of distance from and 0·55 m in elevation above stream banks. Our riparian zone was narrower than other studies because of the steep slopes (25%) of the mountainous area studied. Elevation above stream banks was more influential than distance in defining the limits of the riparian zone.In the riparian zone, values of soil moisture were high and constant even at the end of a dry period due to the continuous water flow. In the adjacent upland forest, soil moisture varied according to rainfall. These high and constant soil moisture values defined the suitable microsites forC. remota. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forest structure, species traits and rain characteristics influences on horizontal and vertical rainfall partitioning in a semiarid pine–oak forest from Central Mexico
Authors: Pérez‐Suárez M. , Arredondo‐Moreno J. T. , Huber‐Sannwald E. , Serna‐Pérez A. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTChanges in species composition and abundance driven by land use change may alter canopy and litter characteristics of forests, and thereby modify rainfall redistribution and hydrological processes. To elucidate the interacting effects between tree species traits, forest structure and annual rainfall patterns on hydrological processes, three types of forest assemblages were selected in a semiarid forest of pine–oak in central northwest Mexico. Forest assemblages included monospecific and mixed patches of Quercus potosina and Pinus cembroides. Total precipitation, throughfall, stemflow and runoff were measured from June 2006 to July 2009. Additionally, tree and litter characteristics were measured. Forest traits played an important role differentiating volumes of each fraction among the three forest patches. Throughfall was 15% greater in Q. potosina than in the other forest patches (P < 0.01) and only occurred with rainfall events larger than 1.4 mm for all patch types, whereas Q. potosina stemflow was >20% larger compared with the other two forest patch types (P < 0.01) and occurred following rain events of at least 4.6 mm. Runoff exhibited divergences among forest patches (P > 0.05) that were related to both the litter decomposition stage and the capacity of litter bed to store water. Thus, Q. potosina litter layer exhibited the largest water holding capacity (62%) and P. cembroides (46%) the least. Hence, surface runoff for Q. potosina was seven times lower than that in P. cembroides patches. This study revealed tree trait effects on water fluxes that might have consequences on the dynamics and productivity of semiarid forests. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐Dehydroamino Acid Esters
Authors: Yasuno Yoko , Hamada Makoto , Yamada Takeshi , Shinada Tetsuro , Ohfune Yasufumi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDehydroamino acid (Dhaa) is recognized as a useful tool or substrate for amino acid and peptide research. Although the stereoselective synthesis of the thermodynamically more stable Z‐Dhaa has been well examined and established, the stereoselective synthesis of E‐Dhaa has still remained to be a challenging synthetic task. In this paper, a stereoselective synthesis of E‐Dhaa esters using a new (α‐diphenylphosphono)glycine is described. The characteristic aspects of the new method are summarized as follows: (i) metal additives play an important role in the promotion of E‐stereoselectivities. (ii) the use of NaI was effected for the synthesis of E‐Dhaas bearing an aryl substituent and an amino functionality, (iii) MgBr2·OEt2 and ZnCl2 contributed to improve the E‐stereoselective synthesis of E‐Dhaas bearing an alkyl substituent and an oxygen functionality, (iv) various protecting and functional groups were compatible under the reaction conditions, and (v) N‐Cbz, Boc, and acyl‐α‐(diphenylphosphono)glycines were served for the stereoselective olefination reaction to provide the corresponding E‐Dhaas.