bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate in the Anthropocene / Chemia Atmosferyczna I Klimat W Antropocenie
Authors: Crutzen Paul J. , Wacławek Stanisław 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Humankind actions are exerting increasing effect on the environment on all scales, in a lot of ways overcoming natural processes. During the last 100 years human population went up from little more than one to six billion and economic activity increased nearly ten times between 1950 and the present time. In the last few decades of the twentieth century, anthropogenic chlorofluorocarbon release have led to a dramatic decrease in levels of stratospheric ozone, creating ozone hole over the Antarctic, as a result UV-B radiation from the sun increased, leading for example to enhanced risk of skin cancer. Releasing more of a greenhouse gases by mankind, such as CO2, CH4, NOx to the atmosphere increases the greenhouse effect. Even if emission increase has held back, atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations would continue to raise and remain high for hundreds of years, thus warming Earth’s climate. Warming temperatures contribute to sea level growth by melting mountain glaciers and ice caps, because of these portions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets melt or flow into the ocean. Ice loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets could contribute an additional 19-58 centimeters of sea level rise, hinge on how the ice sheets react. Taking into account these and many other major and still growing footprints of human activities on earth and atmosphere without any doubt we can conclude that we are living in new geological epoch named by P. Crutzen and E. Stoermer in 2000 - “Anthropocene”. For the benefit of our children and their future, we must do more to struggle climate changes that have had occurred gradually over the last century.
Innovation in Study of Physical and Technical Measurements. Czech-Polish Cooperation of Universities / Innowacje Studiów Fizyczne I Techniczne Metody Pomiarowe. Czesko-Polska Współpraca Uniwersytetów
Authors: Kříž Jan , Hyšplerová Lidmila , Trnková Lucie , Lyčka Antonín , Vybíral Bohumil , Hlúbik Jan , Ziembik Zbigniew , Dołhańczuk-Śródka Agnieszka , Wacławek Maria 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In the Faculty of Science (University of Hradec Králové) the innovative program in chemistry for the study specialization Physico-technical Measurements and Computer Technology was developed. The innovation of chemistry filed study has been focused especially on increase in competitiveness and in graduates employment. Design of innovation enables graduates applying for the position of experts in physical measurements and informatics and at the same time they expand their competence in the service of the physico-chemical instrumentation in industrial ecology. Because Faculty of Science is not equipped yet in expensive instrumentation for nuclear spectrometry, cross-border cooperation with the Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences (University of Opole) has been started. In the area of teaching about non-traditional energy sources the cross-border cooperation with the Department of Automation and Renewable Energy Sources, Faculty of Electrical Engineering (Czestochowa University of Technology) has been initiated. Well-developed system of cooperation with companies, which are equipped with the latest technology of environmental protection, was created. In the exchange system Polish students attended for practicing in these companies. The aim of the contribution is to describe one of the means of innovation of chemistry field study in the frame of bachelor study specialization oriented in physics and computer technology. We believe that the new approach will lead to increase in graduate competitiveness as well as to development of their motivation to study and better understanding of regulation principles of chemical processes and patterns.
Study of Extraction Equilibria in the Reaction of Alkaline Hydrolysis of Activated Amino Acid Esters / Badanie Równowag Ekstrakcji W Reakcji Zasadowej Hydrolizy Aktywowanych Estrów Aminokwasów
Authors: Doroshkevich Victor S. , Baranova Oksana V. , Shendrik Aleksandr N. , Doroshkevich Aleksandr S. , Lygina Olena S. , Lyubchyk Svitlana B. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Correlation between observed kinetic effects of phase-transfer catalytic reaction of the alkaline hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl ester of N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine-4 in the two-phase system chloroform-borate buffer pH = 10 and a content of ionic forms of catalyst was investigated. The phosphonium salts QX (X = Cl¯, Br¯, I¯) shows high catalytic reactivity. Dependence of the reaction kinetics discussed in the framework of the extraction mechanism with a competitive extraction of a nucleophile ОН¯, nucleofuge 4-NO2C6H4O¯ and anion X¯ of the phase-transfer catalyst.
Beer as Olfactory Attractant in the Fight Against Harmful Slugs Arion Lusitanicus Mabille 1868 / Piwo Jako Atraktant W Zwalczaniu Szkodliwego Ślimaka Z Gatunku Arion Lusitanicus Mabille 1868
Authors: Piechowicz Bartosz , Grodzicki Przemysław , Piechowicz Iwona , Stawarczyk Kinga 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In 2012-2013 a series of laboratory and field experiments were carried out to check out, if beers can be used as olfactory attractants in the fight against harmful slugs Arion lusitanicus. Six brands of lager beer were used for olfactory analysis (Goolman Premium, Harnas Jasne Pełne, Tatra Mocne, Kasztelan Niepasteryzowane, Lezajsk Niepasteryzowane, Wojak Jasny Pelny). During laboratory and field tests it was evidenced that beers of all types were more attractive for slugs than water.
Evaluation of Spring Wheat Genotypes (Triticum Aestivum L.) for Heat Stress Tolerance Using Different Stress Tolerance Indices
Authors: Khan A.A. , Kabir M.R. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Twenty five spring wheat genotypes were evaluated for terminal heat stress tolerance in field environments in the Agro Ecological Zone-11 of Bangladesh, during 2009-2010 cropping season. The experiments were conducted at Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, using randomized block design with three replicates under non-stress (optimum sowing) and stress (late sowing) conditions. Seven selection indices for stress tolerance including mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were calculated based on grain yield of wheat under optimum and late sowing conditions. The results revealed significant variations due to genotypes for all characters in two sowing conditions. Principal component analysis revealed that the first PCA explained 0.64 of the variation with MP, GMP, YI and STI. Using MP, GMP, YI and STI, the genotypes G-05 and G-22 were found to be the best genotypes with relatively high yield and suitable for both optimum and late heat stressed conditions. The indices SSI, YSI and TOL could be useful parameters in discriminating the tolerant genotypes (G-12, G-13, and G-14) that might be recommended for heat stressed conditions. It is also concluded from the present studies that biomass, grain filling rate and spikes number m-2 are suitable for selecting the best genotypes under optimum and late sowing conditions because these parameters are highly correlated with MP, GMP, YI and STI. However, high ground cover with long pre heading stage and having high grain filling rate would made a genotype tolerant to late heat to attain a high grain yield in wheat.
Drought Tolerance Studies in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)
Authors: Mahpara S. , Hussain S.T. , Farooq J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Wheat is a foremost staple food crop of Pakistan and plays a vital role for stability of country's economy and people's food requirement. Shortage of water has remained a consistent problem for the farmers over past few years and different agronomic techniques have been introduced into the limelight. But there is an immense scope of making some genetic manipulations to improve/enhance the drought tolerance of wheat. It has been observed by many researchers that yield in drought stress conditions, is a fine fusion of the traits like days taken by crop to reach physical maturity, water use efficiency, crop water use and harvest index. Drought being one of the main limiting factors of wheat production should be highly preferred in the future wheat improvement programs.
Political Criteria vs. Political Conditionality: Comparative analysis of Slovenian and Croatian European Union accession processes
Authors: Bojinović Fenko Ana , Urlić Ana 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This study analyses the differences in content and procedure in the application of political criteria and political conditionality in the EU accession processes of Slovenia and Croatia. The article ascertains that with regard to substance, the Commission and EU member states did apply political criteria more extensively and meticulously to Croatia in comparison to Slovenia, but mainly due to the difference in the states’ initial assessment of preparedness for EU membership and the application of the principle of own merits. Empirical results, however, show that the differences in political conditionality did not only stem from Croatia’s post-conflict conditions, but also from the EU’s experience of the 2004 and 2007 enlargements and the concern about the EU’s absorption capacity. As for the accession process procedure, the latter has increasingly empowered the Commission rather than EU member states, which bears relevance for future (Western Balkans) enlargements
Prediction of natural frequencies of laminated
curved panels using refined 2-D theories in the
spectral collocation method
Authors: Hossein Mohazzab Amir , Dozio Lorenzo 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper presents a versatile and efficientmodeling
and solution framework for free vibration analysis
of composite laminated cylindrical and spherical panels
modeled according to two-dimensional equivalent singlelayer
and layerwise theories of variable order.Aunified formulation
of the equations of motion is adopted which can
be used for both thin and thick structures. The discretization
procedure is based on the spectral collocation method
and is presented in a compact matrix form which can be
directly and easily implemented. The convergence and accuracy
of the proposed approach is evaluated for panels
having different boundary conditions, thickness and shallowness
ratios, and lamination layups.
Curved composite beam with interlayer slip
loaded by radial load
Authors: Ecsedi István , Lengyel Ákos József 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Elastic two-layer curved composite beam with
partial shear interaction is considered. It is assumed that
each curved layer separately follows the Euler-Bernoulli
hypothesis and the load slip relation for the flexible shear
connection is a linear relationship. The curved composite
beam at one of the end cross sections is fixed and the other
end cross section is subjected by a concentrated radial
load. Two cases are considered. In the first case the loaded
end cross section is closed by a rigid plate and in the second
case the radial load is applied immediately to it. The
paper gives solutions for radial displacements, slips and
stresses. The presented examples can be used as benchmark
for the other types of solutions as given in this study.
Isogeometric treatment of large deformation contact and debonding problems with T-splines: a review
Authors: Dimitri Rossana 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Within a setting where the isogeometric analysis
(IGA) has been successful at bringing two different research
fields together, i.e. Computer Aided Design (CAD)
and numerical analysis, T-spline IGA is applied in this
work to frictionless contact and mode-I debonding problems
between deformable bodies in the context of large deformations.
Based on the concept of IGA, the smooth basis
functions are adopted to describe surface geometries and
approximate the numerical solutions, leading to higher accuracy
in the contact integral evaluation. The isogeometric
discretizations are here incorporated into an existing
finite element framework by using Bézier extraction, i.e. a
linear operator which maps the Bernstein polynomial basis
on Bézier elements to the global isogeometric basis. A
recently released commercial T-spline plugin for Rhino is
herein used to build the analysis models adopted in this
study.

In such context, the continuum is discretized with cubic
T-splines, as well as with Non Uniform Rational B-Splines
(NURBS) and Lagrange polynomial elements for comparison
purposes, and a Gauss-point-to-surface (GPTS) formulation
is combined with the penalty method to treat the
contact constraints. The purely geometric enforcement of
the non-penetration condition in compression is generalized
to encompass both contact and mode-I debonding
of interfaces which is approached by means of cohesive
zone (CZ) modeling, as commonly done by the scientific
community to analyse the progressive damage of materials
and interfaces. Based on these models, non-linear relationships
between tractions and relative displacements
are assumed. These relationships dictate both the work of
separation per unit fracture surface and the peak stress
that has to be reached for the crack formation. In the generalized
GPTS formulation an automatic switching procedure
is used to choose between cohesive and contact models,
depending on the contact status. Some numerical results
are first presented and compared in 2D for varying
resolutions of the contact and/or cohesive zone, including
frictionless sliding and cohesive debonding, all featuring
the competitive accuracy and performance of T-spline IGA.
The superior accuracy of T-spline interpolations with respect
to NURBS and Lagrange interpolations for a given
number of degrees of freedom (Dofs) is always verified.
The isogeometric formulation is also extended to 3D bodies,
where some examples in large deformations based on
T-spline discretizations show an high smoothness of the
reaction history curves.
Design and Optimization of a Composite Canard Control Surface of an Advanced Fighter Aircraft under Static Loading
Authors: Shrivastava Sachin , Mohite P.M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The minimization of weight and maximization of payload is an ever challenging design procedure for air vehicles. The present study has been carried out with an objective to redesign control surface of an advanced all-metallic fighter aircraft. In this study, the structure made up of high strength aluminum, titanium and ferrous alloys has been attempted to replace by carbon fiber composite (CFC) skin, ribs and stiffeners. This study presents an approach towards development of a methodology for optimization of first-ply failure index (FI) in unidirectional fibrous laminates using Genetic-Algorithms (GA) under quasi-static loading. The GAs, by the application of its operators like reproduction, cross-over, mutation and elitist strategy, optimize the ply-orientations in laminates so as to have minimum FI of Tsai-Wu first-ply failure criterion. The GA optimization procedure has been implemented in MATLAB and interfaced with commercial software ABAQUS using python scripting. FI calculations have been carried out in ABAQUS with user material subroutine (UMAT). The GA's application gave reasonably well-optimized ply-orientations combination at a faster convergence rate. However, the final optimized sequence of ply-orientations is obtained by tweaking the sequences given by GA's based on industrial practices and experience, whenever needed. The present study of conversion of an all metallic structure to partial CFC structure has led to 12% of weight reduction. Therefore, the approach proposed here motivates designer to use CFC with a confidence.
Nonlinear forced vibration response of smart two-phase nano-composite beams to external harmonic excitations
Authors: Mareishi Soraya , Kalhori Hamed , Rafiee Mohammad , Hosseini Seyedeh Marzieh 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper presents an analytical solution for nonlinear free and forced vibration response of smart laminated nano-composite beams resting on nonlinear elastic foundation and under external harmonic excitation. The structure is under a temperature change and an electric excitation through the piezoelectric layers. Different distribution patterns of the single walled aligned and straight carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) through the thickness of the beam are considered. The beam complies with Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and von Kármán geometric nonlinearity. The nonlinearity is due to the mid-plane stretching of the beam and the nonlinear stiffness of the elastic foundation. The Multiple Time Scales perturbation scheme is used to perform the nonlinear dynamical analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced beams. Analytical expressions of the nonlinear natural frequencies, nonlinear dynamic response and frequency response of the system in the case of primary resonance have been presented. The effects of different parameters including applied voltage, temperature change, beam geometry, the volume fraction and distribution pattern of the carbon nanotubes on the nonlinear natural frequencies and frequency-response curves are presented. It is found that the volume fractions of SWCNTs as well as their distribution pattern significantly change the behavior of the system.
Free vibration behavior of laminated composite stiffened elliptic parabolic shell panel with cutout
Authors: Sahoo Sarmila 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this paper free vibration behavior of laminated composite stiffened elliptic parabolic shell has been analyzed in terms of natural frequency and mode shape. Finite element method has been applied using an eight-noded curved quadratic isoparametric element for shell with a three noded curved beam element for stiffener. Cross and angle ply shells with different edge conditions have been studied varying the size and position of the cutouts to arrive at a set of inferences of practical engineering significances.
Redesigning of a Canard Control Surface of an Advanced Fighter Aircraft: Effect on Buckling and Aerodynamic Behavior
Authors: Shrivastava Sachin , Mohite P.M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A redesign of canard control-surface of an advanced all-metallic fighter aircraft was carried out by using carbon fibre composite (CFC) for ribs and panels. In this study ply-orientations of CFC structure are optimized using a Genetic-Algorithm (GA) with an objective function to have minimum failure index (FI) according to Tsai-Wu failure criterion. The redesigned CFC structure was sufficiently strong to withstand aerodynamic loads from stress and deflection points of view. Now, in the present work CFC canard structure has been studied for its buckling strength in comparison to existing metallic design. In this study, the existing metallic design was found to be weak in buckling. Upon a detailed investigation, it was revealed that there are reported failures in the vicinity of zones where initial buckling modes are excited as predicted by the finite element based buckling analysis. In view of buckling failures, the redesigned CFC structure is sufficiently reinforced with stringers at specific locations. After providing reinforcements against buckling, the twist and the camber variations of the airfoil are checked and compared with existing structure data. Finally, the modal analysis has been carried out to compare the variation in excitation frequency due to material change. The CFC structure thus redesigned is safe from buckling and aerodynamic aspects as well.
Analytical solution to bending of stiffened and continuous antisymmetric laminates
Authors: Sun Liecheng , Harik Issam E. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Analytical Strip Method is presented for the analysis of the bending-extension coupling problem of stiffened and continuous antisymmetric thin laminates. A system of three equations of equilibrium, governing the general response of antisymmetric laminates, is reduced to a single eighth-order partial differential equation (PDE) in terms of a displacement function. The PDE is then solved in a single series form to determine the displacement response of antisymmetric cross-ply and angle-ply laminates. The solution is applicable to rectangular laminates with two opposite edges simply supported and the other edges being free, clamped, simply supported, isotropic beam supports, or point supports.
The Fujiki class and positive degree maps
Authors: Bharali Gautam , Biswas Indranil , Mj Mahan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We show that a map between complex-analytic manifolds, at least one ofwhich is in the Fujiki class,
is a biholomorphism under a natural condition on the second cohomologies. We use this to establish that,
with mild restrictions, a certain relation of “domination” introduced by Gromov is in fact a partial order.
PDU-Scale Experimental Results of CO2 Removal With Amp/Pz Solvent
Authors: Śpiewak Dariusz , Krótki Aleksander , Spietz Tomasz , Stec Marcin , Więcław–Solny Lucyna , Tatarczuk Adam , Wilk Andrzej 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
:This paper provides a discussion concerning results of CO2 removal from a gas mixture by the application of aqueous solutions of ethanoloamine (MEA) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) promoted with piperazine (PZ). The studies were conducted using a process development unit. Research of such a scale provides far more reliable representation of the actual industrial process than modelling and laboratory tests. The studies comprised comparative analyses entailing identical energy supplied to a reboiler as well as tests conducted at similar process efficiencies for both solvents. The results thus obtained imply that using AMP/PZ enables reduction of the solvent heat duty. Moreover, while using AMP/PZ temperature decrease was also observed in the columns.
A Selection of Amine Sorbents for CO2 Capture from Flue Gases
Authors: Wilk Andrzej , Więcław-Solny Lucyna , Śpiewak Dariusz , Spietz Tomasz , Kierzkowska-Pawlak Hanna 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Amine absorption processes are widely used in the industry to purify refinery gases, process gases or natural gas. Recently, amine absorption has also been considered for CO2 removal from flue gases. It has a number of advantages, but there is one major disadvantage - high energy consumption. This can be reduced by using an appropriate sorbent. From a group of several dozen solutions, three amine sorbents were selected based on primary, tertiary and sterically hindered amines. The solutions were used to test CO2 absorption capacity, absorption kinetics and heat of CO2 absorption. Additional tests were performed on the actual absorber-desorber system to indicate the most appropriate sorbent for capturing CO2 from flue gases.
Study of the Process of Hydraulic Mixing in Anaerobic Digester of Biogas Plant
Authors: Karaeva Julia V. , Khalitova Galia R. , Kovalev Dmitry A. , Trakhunova Irene A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Two systems of hydraulic mixing in a vertical cylindrical anaerobic digester: standard and modernised are discussed in the paper. Numerical investigations that were carried out are focused on a study of hydrodynamic processes in an aerobic digester using two various systems of hydraulic mixing as well as on analysis of the efficiency of methane fermentation process accomplished under different geometric parameters of an anaerobic digester and systems of hydraulic mixing.