bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of impedance-based cellular growth assays
Authors: Witzel Franziska , Fritsche-Guenther Raphaela , Lehmann Nadine , Sieber Anja , Blüthgen Nils 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Impedance-based technologies are advancing methods for measuring proliferation of adherent cell cultures non-invasively and in real time. The analysis of the resulting data has so far been hampered by inappropriate computational methods and the lack of systematic data to evaluate the characteristics of the assay.
Results: We used a commercially available system for impedance-based growth measurement (xCELLigence) and compared the reported cell index with data from microscopy. We found that the measured signal correlates linearly with the cell number throughout the time of an experiment with sufficient accuracy in subconfluent cell cultures. The resulting growth curves for various colon cancer cells could be well described with the empirical Richards growth model, which allows for extracting quantitative parameters (such as characteristic cycle times). We found that frequently used readouts like the cell index at a specific time or the area under the growth curve cannot be used to faithfully characterize growth inhibition. We propose to calculate the average growth rate of selected time intervals to accurately estimate time-dependent IC50 values of drugs from growth curves.
Contact: nils.bluethgen@charite.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Genetic Basis of Transcriptome Diversity inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Huang Wen , Carbone Mary Anna , Magwire Michael M. , Peiffer Jason A. , Lyman Richard F. , Stone Eric A. , Anholt Robert R. H. , Mackay Trudy F. C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUnderstanding how DNA sequence variation is translated into variation for complex phenotypes has remained elusive, but is essential for predicting adaptive evolution, selecting agriculturally important animals and crops, and personalized medicine. Here, we quantified genome-wide variation in gene expression in the sequenced inbred lines of theDrosophila melanogasterGenetic Reference Panel (DGRP). We found that a substantial fraction of theDrosophilatranscriptome is genetically variable and organized into modules of genetically correlated transcripts, which provide functional context for newly identified transcribed regions. We identified regulatory variants for the mean and variance of gene expression, the latter of which could often be explained by an epistatic model. Expression quantitative trait loci for the mean, but not the variance, of gene expression were concentrated near genes. This comprehensive characterization of population scale diversity of transcriptomes and its genetic basis in the DGRP is critically important for a systems understanding of quantitative trait variation.
Bandage: interactive visualisation ofde novogenome assemblies
Authors: Wick Ryan R. , Schultz Mark B. , Zobel Justin , Holt Kathryn E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSummaryWhilede novoassembly graphs contain assembled contigs (nodes), the connections between those contigs (edges) are difficult for users to access. Bandage (aBioinformaticsApplication forNavigatingDe novoAssemblyGraphsEasily) is a tool for visualising assembly graphs with connections. Users can zoom in to specific areas of the graph and interact with it by moving nodes, adding labels, changing colours and extracting sequences. BLAST searches can be performed within the Bandage GUI and the hits are displayed as highlights in the graph. By displaying connections between contigs, Bandage presents new possibilities for analysingde novoassemblies that are not possible through investigation of contigs alone.Availability and implementationSource code and binaries are freely available athttps://github.com/rrwick/Bandage. Bandage is implemented in C++ and supported on Linux, OS X and Windows.Contactrrwick@gmail.comSupplementary informationA full feature list and screenshots are available atBioinformaticsonline andhttp://rrwick.github.io/Bandage.
Mechanical drilling of PCB micro hole and its application in micro ultrasonic powder molding
Authors: Liang Xiong , Li Bing , Fu Lianyu , Wu Xiaoyu , Shi Hongyan , Peng Taijiang , Xu Bin 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to present the main factors affecting the mechanical drilling of the printed circuit board (PCB for short) micro-holes and method of micro-ultrasonic powder molding (micro-UPM for short) by utilizing PCB micro-hole array.

Design/methodology/approach
– To optimize the drilling process, the paper proposes the on-line monitoring methods for the drilling process including drilling force, drilling temperature, high-speed photography and vibration signals. Taking 0.10 and 0.15 mm micro-drilling as examples, the paper analyzes the drilling process of ultra-small micro-holes. Finally, by taking the PCBs with 0.10 and 0.15 mm micro-hole arrays as the micro-cavity inserts, utilizing ultra-high-molecule weight polyethylene powder with the average particle size of about 150 μm as raw material, two sizes of micro-cylinder array polymer parts are fabricated through micro-UPM process.

Findings
– PCB micro-cavity inserts with micro-hole arrays fabricated by mechanical drilling has the advantages of low costs, high efficiency and good consistency. Taking 0.10 and 0.15 mm micro-drilling as examples, it is found that the both measured apertures are about 10.0 μm more than the diameter of the micro-drill bits on average. The average diameter of the micro-cylinders by micro-UPM process is smaller than that of the micro-hole with the same specification, while the value of the roughness of the cylinder surface is more than that of the hole-wall surface with the same specification.

Originality/value
– This paper describes the challenges and the developments of mechanical drilling and by using PCB micro-cavity inserts with micro-hole arrays fabricated by mechanical drilling, two different micro-cylinder array polymer parts are successfully made and thus the application area of PCB micro-drilling is broadened.
Globalization, technology and the transnational capitalist class
Authors: Harris Jerry 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore how capitalism has developed into a deeply integrative economic system of financial investments and manufacturing. This process of globalization has brought about the emergence of a transnational capitalist class that rules the world’s economy. Financialization, created by the speed and interconnectivity of information technologies, is a key element that has produced immense wealth for a few while reducing their dependence on the labor of workers. This system of global accumulation has lead to a crisis of democracy with several different possible outcomes.Design/methodology/approach– This paper begins with an historical examination of capitalism and capitalist class formation by tracing developments from nation-centric capitalism to globalization. A conceptual explanation of the development of the transnational capitalist class (TCC) is offered. Research on current economic data to support the thesis on the emergence of the TCC in both its private and statist forms is included, as well as an examination of the latest technology developments that affect financialization and how this impacts class relations. The conclusion analyzes the development of democracy as a class dialectic, and the impact of globalization that is altering the historic relationships between capital and labor. The paper ends with a discussion of possible political/economic futures.Findings– Globalization is a new era in which capitalism has deepened its inherent tendency toward creating world markets and production. This process has been greatly enhanced by the new technological tools of financial production. Organizing and overseeing this system of global accumulation is the transnational capitalist class. The emergence of this class has transformed class relations based within the historic perimeters of nation-states, and it threatens the content and character of democracy that arose out of the bourgeois democratic revolutions in America and France.Originality/value– Transnational Capitalist Class Theory is a recently developed field of research. It is a new critic of mainstream international relations analysis which centers on nation to nation relationships. It also differs with world system theory which divides countries into a center/peripheral analysis. Within the field of TCC research, this paper offers an original historic perspective between global economics and the development of democracy. It also makes new theoretical connections between information technology, financialization and the destruction of the social contract.
Bow down all 7 billion: the compressed spheres of global governance
Authors: Ahen Frederick 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to answer two questions: How do technologies of governance explain how global governance is enacted? and What alternatives can be proposed for a sustainable future for the governed 7 billion?Design/methodology/approach– Using institutional theory and Galtung’s (1971) structural theory of imperialism as critical theoretical frameworks, this paper confronts orthodox conception of global governance by offering transformative alternatives to inequality, a “historically situated urgency”, which is the product of a faulty global governance system.Findings– Concrete, purposively sampled empirical illustrations on transnational corporations’ resource control and how “flight capital” fleeces the poor to enrich the affluent are provided to aid understanding. This helps to explain how such secretive financial mechanisms perpetuate global inequality in health, education and general well-being.Social implications– The study introduces the concept of compressed spheres of global governance. It is theorized that diverse institutional logics provide clusters of governors in coopetition that affect individuals and communities of places and communities of interests differently.Originality/value– The novelty in this study is the concept of compressed spheres of global governance which explain how both visible and invisible systems shape all the worlds of the governors and the governed, as well as how they both interpret their lived experiences.
Stakeholder differences in the understanding of inter-organizational concept content as a risk factor
Authors: Gajšek Brigita , Rosi Bojan 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to help clarify understanding of the logistic platform concept so as to release its potential for the benefit of the logistics sector.Design/methodology/approach– Cross-sectional research was conducted in Slovenia, Poland and Singapore. Web-based survey responses were obtained from four organization types: logistics companies (LCs); production or service non-LCs; branch associations/state agencies/chambers of commerce; and educational institutions.Findings– Logistics platforms (LPFs) are a very much a multi-level phenomenon which, through macro-level organization, may multiply the micro- and meso-level effects obtained. The joint development of promising inter-organizational concepts which involve different stakeholder groups can be inefficient owing to differences in concept content understanding.Research limitations/implications– The research was limited to Slovenia, Poland and Singapore. Further research in other countries would be beneficial, and the survey can be repeated for other inter-organizational concepts.Practical implications– This paper proposes a general LPF model and seeks to raise awareness of the complexity surrounding the implementation of this particular inter-organizational concept. From the viewpoint of a practitioner, the knowledge that different stakeholder groups may have divergent perceptions of the concept’s content is important and will help strengthen inter-organizational projects by devoting attention to basic fact unification.Originality/value– This paper is the first transparent overview on the understanding and utilization of LPFs in theory and practice. The paper proposes a general LPF model. The authors wish to highlight the need for research into the perceptions held among different stakeholder groups regarding the concept’s content for the implementation of inter-organizational projects.
Principals’ leadership behaviour: values-based, contingent or both?
Authors: Warwas Julia 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– Concepts of values-based leadership posit that school principals’ professional practice must be informed by values to ensure coherently purposeful activities. Contingency models stress the contextual dependency of professional practice and the need to match activities to local opportunities and constraints. The purpose of this paper is to reconcile both positions from an integrative perspective and to illustrate examples of “values-based contingency leadership” (Dayet al., 2001).Design/methodology/approach– Analyses draw on survey data from 56 German schools in order to relate professional values stated by the principals as well as organizational features of their schools to teacher ratings on leadership behaviour (n=910). Instead of scrutinizing singular variables in isolation, a typological approach serves to identify value profiles as well as organizational configurations. Analyses of variance are applied to examine the combined effects of both factors on leadership behaviour.Findings– Interactional effects in the sample indicate that contextual influences are not homogenous across differing value profiles of principals who operate under equal conditions. Descriptive patterns of leadership behaviour within each organizational configuration reveal how principals accentuate leadership activities according to their value profile.Research limitations/implications– Due to the low statistical power of the small sample, findings are clearly exploratory in nature. However, replication and extension studies seem fruitful, as effect sizes of value-context interactions are consistent with theoretical assumptions and not artificially inflated by common-source variance.Originality/value– This paper elaborates and exemplifies the moderating role of values in contextual influences on leadership behaviour. It also provides deeper insights into the content and structure of professional values advocated by school principals.
Reflections on the evolution of educational leadership preparation programs in the United States and challenges ahead
Authors: McCarthy Martha 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this legacy paper is to review leadership preparation over time in the United States and addresses challenges ahead. It is hoped that the US developments will be instructive to an international audience interested in strengthening the preparation of school leaders.Design/methodology/approach– The paper synthesizes research and commentary on leadership preparation programs in the US as a basis for identifying five challenges ahead.Findings– Meaningful change should be informed by the past but not bound by tradition. It is imperative to be open to different viewpoints, to take reasonable – and at times bold – risks, and to question deeply held values and assumptions. Broad recognition of the significant role school leaders play in facilitating student learning suggests that the political climate is right to effect meaningful reforms in leadership preparation in the US. Those involved in preparing school leaders are urged to address the challenges identified in this paper.Research limitations/implications– Encouraging work is underway, but many more people need to be involved in efforts to rigorously assess and improve leadership preparation.Practical implications– We do not have all the answers but cannot be paralyzed by what we do not know. We are ethically responsible to act on what we do know, such as incorporating the compelling research on learning theory into the leadership preparation curriculum.Originality/value– The traditional complacency in the educational leadership professoriate cannot continue if university preparation programs are to meet the needs of the next generation of school leaders. The time is short, and the stakes are high for all involved especially for PK-12 students.
Principals’ sensemaking and enactment of teacher evaluation
Authors: Rigby Jessica G. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to look across six first-year principals to investigate their engagement with and sensemaking of specific messages of instructional leadership around teacher evaluation.

Design/methodology/approach
– This research project, a cross-case study, was carried out using in-depth qualitative observations and interviews of six first-year principals over one school year. Sensemaking theory was used to analyze both how and the mechanisms through which principals understood their roles as teacher evaluators.

Findings
– The results demonstrate that first, principals received a variety of messages about how to conduct teacher evaluations, and second, that connections to specific individuals influenced their associations to specific messages they received about instructional leadership and how they enacted teacher evaluation practices on their campuses.

Research limitations/implications
– This is an in-depth qualitative analysis, and therefore is not generalizable to all first-year principals, school districts, or principal preparation programs. However, it adds to the field’s understanding of the meso level of policy implementation, highlighting the process of individuals’ sensemaking and the importance of their informal connections in the associations they make to messages about instructional leadership.

Practical implications
– This research adds to the field of principal preparation and induction as it highlights what is important for first-year principals as they build their professional identities. Further, it highlights the variability in principals’ understanding and enactment of teacher evaluation policies, an important feature as this practice is coming to the fore both in current practice and research.

Originality/value
– This study adds to an understanding of institutional theory by looking at the interaction between the organizational levels, and further explicates individual actors’ agency within a socio-organizational context. The findings also add to a dearth of empirical studies on the routine of teacher evaluation from the principal perspective.
Cyclical and structural change in the UK housing market
Authors: White Michael 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine factors affecting house prices separating cyclical and structural influences. In addition to considering the role of income and interest rates, it examines whether access to a key source of liquidity, mortgage finance, could affect the long-term behaviour of the market rather than being a short run impact. In addition, the paper considers whether the effects of mortgage funding and the financial crisis affect all regions equally or whether there exist particular differences across regions of the UK.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using quarterly time series data from 1983q1 to 2011q2, the paper employs a Johansen cointegration approach to identify the long-run (permanent) and short-run (transitory) factors affecting house prices both at national and regional levels. It identifies whether there is a separate influence for mortgage lending from interest rates and general money market liquidity, as captured by money supply M3, and whether these effects are permanent or temporary. The paper employs impulse response functions to examine house price evolution due to innovations in mortgage lending and quantifies these effects with and without the financial crisis.

Findings
– The findings indicate that real personal disposable income, mortgage market liquidity, interest rates and money supply as well as housing stock supply impact house prices permanently with the expected signs. The findings are broadly consistent at national and regional level, although there are some significant regional variations in results. The mean reversion of the housing markets is captured via the error correction term which is significant at the national level and in all but three regions. Impulse response functions show how house prices respond to shocks in mortgage lending and how this varies with and without a financial crisis.

Research limitations/implications
– The importance of mortgage lending to the housing market is a clear result from the research in addition to income, interest rate and money supply effects. One implication is that factors affecting mortgage lending supply can impact the housing market in both the short and long run.

Practical implications
– Given the significance of mortgage finance for house price evolution, the paper discusses how the Help-to-Buy policy may help to overcome the limitations created by the reaction of the mortgage lending sector to the financial crisis.

Social implications
– Access to homeownership has been limited by greater downpayment constraints introduced by lenders since 2008/2009. Policies that reduce these constraints may enable households to change to the type of tenure they prefer.

Originality/value
– The paper identifies the importance of mortgage lending for the housing market both nationally and regionally using an econometric approach that quantifies the role of fundamentals in both the long and short run.
A combined energy and error optimization method for metal powder based additive manufacturing processes
Authors: Paul Ratnadeep , Anand Sam 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology to analyze the total sintering energy (TSE) required for manufacturing a part in metal powder-based additive manufacturing (AM) processes and optimize AM processes for minimizing total energy and form errors of AM parts while maximizing part strength.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper uses a computational geometry approach to determine the TSE expended for manufacturing a metal AM part. The stereolithography (STL) file of a part is converted into a voxel data structure and the total sintering volume (TSV) is computed from the voxel representation. The TSE is then calculated from the TSV using the material property information of the metal powder.

Findings
– The TSE of an AM part is calculated for different slice thickness and part orientations, and the correlation of the total energy to these parameters is calculated. Using these correlations, the AM process is optimized to calculate the optimal values of slice thickness and part orientation which would result in lower process energy, lower part form errors and higher part strength.

Originality/value
– The methodology presented in this paper provides AM users a roadmap to predict the energy required for manufacturing a part. In addition, the optimization model will allow engineers to manufacture precision parts which satisfy their design specifications with minimal energy expenditure.
Between Autonomy and Interdependence: The Challenges of Shared Rule after the Scottish Referendum
Authors: Mcewen Nicola , Petersohn Bettina 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDrawing on the distinction between self‐rule and shared rule in multilevel states, this article argues that shared rule has been the neglected element of the UK devolution settlement. The ability of the devolved administrations to participate in, and influence, national decision making through shared rule mechanisms is very limited. The article argues that the lack of shared rule is especially problematic in light of the increasing complexity of the Scottish devolution settlement in the wake of the Scotland Act 2012 and the Smith commission report. Smith, in particular, seems set to increase both the power of the Scottish Parliament and its dependence on UK policy decisions in the areas of tax, welfare and the economy. Creating a more robust intergovernmental system which could manage these new interdependencies will be a significant challenge, and yet, without such a system, the new settlement will be difficult to sustain.