bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Polythiadiazoles from Bis-hydrazonoyl Dichlorides and Bis-(methyl-2-arylidene Hydrazone Carbodithioates)
Authors: Sayed Abdelwahed R. , Wiggins Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Thiadiazoles exhibit a variety of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antiviral, antituberculosis, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, antitrypanosomal agent, and anticonvulsant properties.

Methods:
The new polymers are made in two distinct stages. The first stage is to prepare the starting material bis-(methyl-2-arylidenehydrazone-carbodithioates) via a condensation reaction between methyl-hydrazinecarbodithioate and dicarbonyl compounds in suitable solvent as isopropyl alcohol. The second stage for the synthesis of the final products poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles) derivatives is the suitable bis-hydrazonoyl chloride reacted with an equal molar ratio of bis-(me-thyl-2-arylidenehy-drazonecarbodithioates) in dimethyl sulfoxide, with triethylamine and reflux until the methanethiol gas stopped evolving. FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance), and thermal investigation were used to identify and characterize the final products.

Results:
This work effectively synthesized new derivatives of poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles) in good yields via the reaction of bis-hydrazonoyl dichlorides with bis-(methyl-2-arylidenehydrazone-carbodithioates). Two routes can be used to explain how the final poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles) com-pounds are formed. The first route can be explained by nucleophile substitution of thiolate of bis(methyl-2-arylidenehydrazonecarbodithioates) to the chlorinated carbon of bis-hydrazonoyl dichlorides, followed by removal of HCl (hydrochloric acid) to provide an intermediate (S-al-kylated). This intermediate at once leads to an intramolecular cyclo-polycondensation by the exclusion of methanethiol gas to produce our ending products poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles). The second route concluded [3+2] cycloaddition of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of nitrilimines (generated in situ by treatment of bis-hydrazonoyl dichlorides with triethylamine) to thione (C=S) followed by removal of methanethiol to give poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles) as depicted in schematic diagram.

Conclusion:
In this article, we reported an efficient method for the synthesis of the novel poly(1,3,4-thiadiazoles) from the reaction of bis-(methyl-2-arylidenehydrazonecarbodithioates) with bis-hydrazonoyl halides.
Late-onset Schmidt’s Syndrome Presenting with Severe Hyponatremia: A
Case Report
Authors: Pigni Stella , Cristofolini Giacomo , Jaafar Simona , Maida Giulia , Grossrubatscher Erika , Dalino Paolo , Carioni Emanuela , Mazziotti Gherardo , Lania Andrea , Zampetti Benedetta , Chiodini Iacopo 
Published: July 2024

Background::
Schmidt’s syndrome (SS) is a subtype of polyglandular autoimmune
syndrome type-2 combining autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and autoimmune Addison's disease
(aAD). It occurs most frequently in young adult females, and aAD is the most common initial
manifestation [1]. We present a rare case of SS with late-onset aAD and severe hyponatremia as
the first sign.

Case Report::
A 73-year-old woman presented to the emergency department (ED) with a 10-day
history of vomiting, diarrhea, and altered mental status. Her past medical history was remarkable
for AIT and hypokinetic cardiomyopathy. Moreover, she had recently undergone a 2-week
course of corticosteroid therapy for vertiginous symptoms, reporting subjective well-being. In
ED, she appeared confused and hypotensive. Blood tests revealed a sodium level of 99 mEq/l
with normal potassium. Initial treatment with saline infusions were started, followed by ex juvantibus
intravenous hydrocortisone awaiting hormone results, which proved consistent with
primary adrenal insufficiency (ACTH 1314 pg/ml, cortisol 4.72 ug/dL). Replacement therapy
with both hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone was then implemented, with substantial clinical
improvement and normalization of sodium levels. However, the patient later developed right
heart failure and hypokalemia, which were likely caused by overreplacement and resolved after
adjusting the treatment regimen. The final diagnosis of aAD was confirmed by positive adrenal
autoantibodies.

Conclusions::
aAD should be suspected in each case of severe hyponatremia [2], especially in
patients with AIT independent of age. Furthermore, caution is needed in managing high-dose
glucocorticoids along with fludrocortisone in elderly patients with cardiac disease to limit the
risk of excessive mineralocorticoid activity and heart failure [3].
Revisiting Weimar Film Reviewers’ Sentiments: Integrating Lexicon-Based Sentiment Analysis with Large Language Models
Authors: Campregher Paiva Isadora , Diecke Josephine 
Published: July 2024

Film reviews are an obvious area for the application of sentiment analysis, but while this is common in the field of computer science, it has been mostly absent in film studies. Film scholars have quite rightly been skeptical of such techniques due to their inability to grasp nuanced critical texts. Recent technological developments have, however, given us cause to re-evaluate the usefulness of automated sentiment analysis for historical film reviews. The release of ever more sophisticated Large Language Models (LLMs) has shown that their capacity to handle nuanced language could overcome some of the shortcomings of lexicon-based sentiment analysis. Applying it to historical film reviews seemed logical and promising to us. Some of our early optimism was misplaced: while LLMs, and in particular ChatGPT, proved indeed to be much more adept at dealing with nuanced language, they are also difficult to control and implement in a consistent and reproducible way – two things that lexicon-based sentiment analysis excels at. Given these contrasting sets of strengths and weaknesses, we propose an innovative solution which combines the two, and has more accurate results. In a two-step process, we first harness ChatGPT’s more nuanced grasp of language to undertake a verbose sentiment analysis, in which the model is prompted to explain its judgment of the film reviews at length. We then apply a lexicon-based sentiment analysis (with Python’s NLTK library and its VADER lexicon) to the result of ChatGPT’s analysis, thus achieving systematic results. When applied to a corpus of 80 reviews of three canonical Weimar films (Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari, Metropolis and Nosferatu), this approach successfully recognized the sentiments of 88.75% of reviews, a considerable improvement when compared to the accuracy rate of the direct application of VADER to the reviews (66.25%). These results are particularly impressive given that this corpus is especially challenging for automated sentiment analysis, with a prevalence of macabre themes, which can easily trigger falsely negative results, and a high number of mixed reviews. We believe this hybrid approach could prove useful for application in large corpora, for which close reading of all reviews would be humanly impossible.
Kajian Perubahan Distribusi Frekuensi Curah Hujan Di Jakarta Periode 1991 - 2020
Authors: Pertiwi Dyah Ajeng Sekar , Sutisna Sobar , Supriyatno Makmur , Norman Yosik , Paski Jaka Anugrah Ivanda 
Published: July 2024

Perubahan iklim global memberi dampak kepada kondisi atmosfer di suatu wilayah seperti Jakarta. Salah satu parameter yang sangat terpengaruh adalah curah hujan. Perubahan distribusi curah hujan di Jakarta sangat berdampak kepada aktivitas manusia dan berpotensi memberikan ancaman bencana seperti banjir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji distribusi curah hujan sebagai dampak dari perubahan iklim di wilayah Jakarta. Data curah hujan dasarian periode 1990 – 2020 dibagi kedalam 3 periode waktu yaitu periode 1 (1991-2000), perode 2 (2001-2010), dan periode 3 (2011-2020). Selanjutnya, dilakukan analisis statistik deskriptif untuk menjabarkan perubahan distribusi curah hujan dengan indikator awal musim dan panjang musim serta intensitas curah hujan dasarian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya pergeseran awal musim hujan dan panjang musim hujan untuk semua Zona Musim (ZOM) di Jakarta. Selain itu pada periode 2 dan 3 lebih banyak terjadi intensitas curah hujan diatas 200 mm/dasarian dibandingkan periode 1 di Jakarta.
Problem Based Learning: Strategi Efektif Meningkatkan Kreativitas Mahasiswa pada Pendidikan Tinggi Vokasi
Authors: Sardi Juli , Neviyarni Neviyarni , Rahmat Dedek , Yuliana Devi Faizah 
Published: July 2024

Kreativitas merupakan kemampuan untuk menghasilkan sesuatu yang baru dan bermanfaat. Kreativitas penting untuk dimiliki oleh mahasiswa, karena dapat membantu mereka untuk menyelesaikan masalah, berpikir kritis, dan beradaptasi dengan perubahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk meningkatkan kreativitas mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran pada pendidikan tinggi vokasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi eksperiment). Desain penelitian yang dilakukan adalah one group pre test-post test design. Penelitian ini diukur dengan menggunakan pre test yang dilakukan sebelum diberi perlakuan dan post test yang dilakukan setelah diberi perlakuan. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalahGuilford's Alternative Uses Test (GAT). Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan uji t-test untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah data berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Pada pengujian hipotesis didapatkan hasil thitung = 4,81 dan ttabel = 1,72. Karena thitung > ttabel, maka dapat disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara nilai kreativitas mahasiswa sebelum dan sesudah diterapkan PBL dalam pembelajaran. PBL dapat menjadi pendekatan pembelajaran yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kreativitas mahasiswa pada pendidikan tinggi vokasi.PBL mendorong mahasiswa untuk berpikir kreatif dalam memecahkan masalah.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Teknik Pengelasan Tungsten Inner Gas (TIG) dengan Pendekatan Service Learning di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan
Authors: Edison Edison , Jalinus Nizwardi , Ambiyar Ambiyar , Waskito Waskito 
Published: July 2024

Keterbatasan perangkat pembelajaran yang mampu meningkatkan keaktifan siswa, sarana pembelajaran mandiri yang dapat digunakan siswa, serta rendahnya kompetensi siswa yang menyebabkan hasil belajar belum memuaskan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan modul pembelajaran teknik pengelasan Tungsten Inner Gas (TIG) dengan pendekatan service learning sesuai dengan kebutuhan pembelajaran yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Model pengembangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model ADDIE yaitu: (1) Analisis, (2) Perancangan, (3) Pengembangan, (4) Penerapan dan (5) Evaluasi. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dimana data yang didapatkan langsung dari sumbernya, yaitu, guru, pakar dan siswa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis deskriptif dengan mendiskripsikan kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan pada media yang dikembangkan. Hasil penelitian pengembangan ini dinyatakan valid bedasarkan aspek kelayakan isi modul dengan rata-rata 0.857, kelayakan penyajian dengan rata-rata 0.863, aspek kelayakan bahasa dengan rata-rata 0.827, aspek model WBL dengan rata-rata 0.945, serta aspek service learning dengan rata-rata 0.833, Modul yang dikembangkan praktis dengan nilai kepraktisan dari respon siswa 90.81 dan respon guru 90,80 serta perhitungan gain score yang diperoleh 0.60 dengan kategori sedang. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Modul Pembelajaran Teknik Pengelasan Tungsten Inner Gas (TIG) Dengan Pendekatan Service Learning valid, praktis dan efektif untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai sebuah media pembelajaran teknik pengelasan.
Desain Trainer Gerbang Logika Mata Kuliah Teknik Digital Sebagai Alat Peraga
Authors: Islamadina Raihan , Wisata Ario , Lastya Hari Anna 
Published: July 2024

Materi Gerbang Logika menjadi salah satu materi penting dalam mata kuliah Teknik Digital karena konsep ini digunakan dalam perancangan sistem digital dan merupakan fondasi dalam bidang Elektronika. Namun, banyak mahasiswa menghadapikesukaran dalam memahami materi ini karena bersifat abstrak. Untuk itu, media pembelajaran yang efektif diperlukan agar mahasiswa dapat memahami konsep dengan lebih efisien dan cepat yang berupa alat peraga trianer. Penelitian ini berupa rancang bangun alat peraga trainer Gerbang Logika berbasis mikrokontroler Arduino Nano Rev3 dengan metode Research and Development. Instrumen lembar validasi media dan materi untuk mengetahui kelayakan, serta lembar angket respon untuk mengetahui respon mahasiswa terhadap trainer Gerbang Logika digynakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase ahli media dan ahli materi menganggap trainer Gerbang Logika sangat layak dengan persentase 96,9% dan 97,7%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan alat peraga ini dapat memudahkan mahasiswa dalam memahami konsep Gerbang Logika. Sedangkan persentase respon mahasiswa mencapai 87,6%, yang menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan alat peraga ini juga dapat meningkatkan minat belajar mahasiswa terhadap materi Gerbang Logika. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan trainer Gerbang Logika dapat menjadi solusi efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap materi gerbang logika dan meningkatkan minat belajar dan juga dapat menjadi alternatif bagi dosen dalam mengajar.
Identitas Budaya Transmigran Jawa di Desa Rimbo Mulyo Kecamatan Rimbo Bujang Kabupaten Tebo
Authors: Marlina Yayuk , Syafrini Delmira 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang identitas budaya transmigran Jawa di Desa Rimbo Mulyo. Penelitian ini menarik untuk diteliti karena transmigran Jawa di Desa Rimbo Mulyo memiliki identitas budaya yang khas dan membedakan transmigran Jawa di daerah lainnya, karena adanya percampuran antara budaya Jawa dengan budaya masyarakat setempat yang ber etnis Melayu Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis teori identitas budaya oleh Stuart Hall dan Hommi K.Bhabba. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tipe studi kasus. Pengumpulan informan menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling dengan jumlah 16 orang, dengan kriteria masyarakat transmigran Jawa, keturunan masyarakat transmigran Jawa, masyarakat pendatang dan Kepala Desa Rimbo Mulyo. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dimana peneliti dan informan melakukan tanya jawab secara tatap muka untuk menggali informasi, teknik observasi yaitu peneliti melakukan pengamatan atau catatan secara sistematik dan studi dokumen yaitu catatan peistiwa yang berbentuk foto dan dokumen mengenai informasi penelitian. Untuk mendapatkan keabsahan data, peneliti menggunakan teknik triangulasi data. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan model analisis Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat transmigran Jawa yang berada di Desa Rimbo Mulyo memiliki identitas budaya yang khas yang membedakannya dengan masyarakat Jawa di daerah lainnya: Pertama, Bahasa masyarakat transmigran Jawa. Kedua, Kesenian masyarakat transmigran Jawa. Ketiga, Tradisi Budaya masyarakat transmigran Jawa. Keempat, Sistem mata pencaharian hidup masyarakat transmigran Jawa. Kekhasan identitas budaya ini terjadi akibat proses adaptasi dengan budaya masyarakat setempat karena adanya proses interaksi yang cukup lama oleh masyarakat transmigran Jawa di Desa Rimbo Mulyo.
Oral health problems and their management in patients with Down Syndrome—a narrative review
Authors: Torlińska-Walkowiak Natalia , Huang Yu-Wei , Wyzga Sylvia , Opydo-Szymaczek Justyna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Patients with Down Syndrome (DS) commonly exhibit various anomalies in the masticatory organ and oral cavity. This paper aims to consolidate information regarding oral health challenges faced by individuals with DS, along with strategies employed for their management and care. Our review, conducted via PubMed and Scopus, spanned the period from January 1977 to December 2023. It included original research articles and comprehensive reviews focusing on both pediatric and adult populations. The paper analyzes 71 articles, categorizing them into six sections: oro-facial problems, tooth conditions, dental and skeletal age, dental caries, periodontal diseases, swallowing, masticatory muscles, salivation, behavior management, physical therapy, and early intervention. Understanding oral health issues in individuals with DS is crucial for providing tailored dental care and treatment planning. Regular dental assessments, early intervention strategies such as physiotherapy and behavioral management, and a collaborative approach involving oral health professionals, caregivers, and the individuals themselves are critical to preventing oral health issues and improving overall health and well-being in people with DS.
A strategy for covalent anchoring of self-assembling β3 oligoamide nanorods to gold surfaces
Authors: Hussein Khadeeja A. , Kulkarni Ketav , Barlow Anders , Perlmutter Patrick , Mechler Adam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Oligopeptides stand out for their remarkable structural variability, ease of synthesis, and amenability to functionalization, making them exceedingly appealing for crafting functional nanostructured materials. The low metabolic stability of natural peptides can be overcome by replacing α-amino acids with β3- amino acids, to yield artificial peptides best described as substituted β3-oligoamides. Controlling the morphology of such structures by varying the amino acid residues and altering the oligoamide termini makes it possible to adapt the core design to a range of hierarchical structures and function. Conductivity is a desired property in such nanomaterials; preferably conductive materials should be chemically anchored to a highly conductive metal, such as gold surface to connect to macroscopic electronics. It is preferable to use thiol functionality, however β3 cysteine is not synthetically achieveable. In this study β3 [SLIA] oligoamide has been synthesized and functionalized at the N terminus with a thiol moiety. After successful synthesis and purification, the thiolated oligoamide was physically characterized to confirm binding to gold, self-assembly and hetero assembly on these anchor points. It was demonstrated with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) that self-assembling monolayers can be formed on a gold surface and the formation of a S-Au bond was confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Growth of Ac-β3[WKLWEL] fibres on these anchor points was confirmed by using atomic force microscopy and QCM. Hence, a viable metal anchor has been established that lays the foundations for the future development of molecular electronics based on β3 oligoamides.
Effects of valproic acid on transcript levels in neurotrophin signaling pathway in mice hippocampus according to the implementation period
Authors: Gök Duygu Kurt , Erdoğan Füsun Ferda , Göl Mehmet Fatih , Taheri Serpil , Önal Müge Gülcihan , Şükranlı Zeynep Yılmaz , Güvenilir Ecma , Yora Samed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background/Aim
Valproic acid (VPA), is an antiepileptic drug and it has been known for a long time that exposure to VPA in the fetal period causes many behavioral, cognitive, and structural disorders. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the implementation period of VPA during pregnancy on both behavioral tests and the expression of 45 key genes belonging to the neurotrophin signaling pathway.

Methods
The study was designed to form four different groups of five female mice in each group. The experimental and control groups were divided into mature (n = 5) and immature (n = 5) subgroups, respectively. VPA (500 mg/kg dose) was subcutaneously administered to the experimental groups. All mice were first tested for behavioral changes, and then the hippo-campal tissues were used for RNA isolation. The expression levels of 45 transcripts associated with the neurotrophin signaling pathway were determined by real-time RT-PCR in the hippocampus.

Results
No differences were found between the groups in any of the behavioral tests. When gene expression was examined, there was a difference between the groups in the transcript levels of Ngf(neurotrophic growth factor), Ntrk2 (neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2), Shc1 (SHC adaptor protein 1), Chka (choline kinase alpha), and Mapk1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 1) genes.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the effects of VPA on transcript levels at different maturation stages. We believe that it is important to explain the structural and cognitive teratogenic side effects caused by VPA in human fetuses using genes whose expression changes.
Promoting International Scientific Cooperation: the Role of Scientific Societies
Authors: Vráblová M. , Bonetti G. , Henehan G. , Brown R. E. , Sykora P. , Marks R. S. , Miertus S. , Lorusso L. , Tartaglia G.M. , Cerkez Ergoren M. , Sait Dundar M. , Dundar M. , Michelini S. , Miertus J. , Connelly S.T. , Martin D. , Bacu A. , Herbst K.L. , Bertelli M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Scientific collaboration yields many advantages, especially in fields that require interdisciplinary approaches, as it fosters the sharing of knowledge and resources and is essential for the implementation of complex projects. The concept of scientific internationalism emerged around the 1900s, emphasizing that science surpasses national boundaries and promotes global peace and collaboration. International scientific cooperation is halted by geopolitical tensions and conflicts, such as World War II and the Cold War. Nevertheless, many examples show that scientific collaboration can surpass conflicts and bring scientific and society development, such as in the cases of the Tick-borne Encephalitis vaccine, the Apollo-Soyuz test project and more recently the international endeavour for COVID-19 vaccine development. In this contest, UN and WHO have an imporant role to promote peace and scientific cooperation, examplified by the 16th Sustainable Development Goal, to “Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies”.
This review aims to assess the available literature regarding international scientific collaboration and the role of scientific societies in promoting scientific cooperation.
Scientific societies have proved to be pivotal in bridging cultures and promoting international cooperation. Apart from the historical example of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, which showed an important cooperation between Western and Eastern countries during the Cold War, the scientific society European Biotechnology thematic network Association (EBTNA) has international scientific cooperation as one of its critical goals.
Scientific societies such as EBTNA will be pivotal in promoting international scientific cooperation and fostering international activities and scientific research.
The future of European universities on the path to sustainable development
Authors: Korzeb Zbigniew , Alonso-Fariñas Bernabé , Irimia-Diéguez Ana Isabel , Naharro Felix Jimenez , Kobylińska Urszula , Pietro Filippo di , Sanchez Maria Jose Palacin , Rollnik-Sadowska Ewa , Szpilko Danuta , Szydło Joanna , Gallegos Antonio de la Torre 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The article addresses the issue of the future of European universities on the path to sustainable development. The main aim of the article is to describe foreseeable future directions of the sustainable development of universities and ways to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. In effect, the authors identify weaknesses, assess threats and recommend coordinated solutions and alternatives for the sustainable development of universities. This research will contribute to future work by explaining what the future of universities will look like on their sustainability journey. The results of the Delphi study conducted with the participation of 201 experts from 47 countries allowed for the identification of factors shaping the future of universities on the path to sustainable development.