bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volumetric trends associated with MRI‐guided laser‐induced thermal therapy (LITT) for intracranial tumors
Authors: Patel Nitesh V. , Jethwa Pinakin R. , Barrese James C. , Hargreaves Eric L. , Danish Shabbar F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundMR‐guided Laser Induced Thermal Therapy (LITT) is a procedure for intracranial tumors. Minimal data exists regarding post‐procedure lesion volume changes.ObjectivesWe aim to analyze changes in lesion volume during the post‐LITT period using polygonal tracing with fusion. Additionally, we investigated the role of lesion histopathology on LITT parameters and volume dynamics.MethodsSixteen patients with intracranial neoplasms received LITT. Using OsiriX DICOM Viewer, three raters computed lesion volumes at the following: pre‐ablation (PreA), immediate post‐ablation (IPA), 24 hours post‐ablation (24PA), and first follow‐up post‐ablation (FPA), which ranged from 4 to 11 weeks post‐ablation. Statistical analyses for volume changes between time points and inter‐rater reliability were performed. Additionally, comparisons were made between metastatic versus non‐metastatic and small versus large lesions in terms of operative parameters and volume changes.ResultsThere was an acute increase in volume at IPA with a decrease in size by 24PA. ANOVA among inter‐rater datasets showed no significant difference at any time point (highest F(1,15) = 0.225, P > 0.80, for IPA). GLM repeated measures, for Intra‐Rater analysis, demonstrated statistically significant differences across time points (lowest F(1,15) = 13.297, P = 0.003). IPA volumes were larger than those at PreA, 24PA, and FPA (average volume increase [95% CI]: 281% [157–404%], 167% [134–201%], 187% [154–219%], respectively; all P < 0.004). Correlation analysis showed lower inter‐rater reliability at IPA versus other time points (all P < 0.03). Larger lesions (>2.5 cm3) versus smaller (<2.5 cm3) did not demonstrate a difference in percent volume increase. Operative parameters and volume dynamics were not different between metastatic and non‐metastatic groups.ConclusionsThe response of intracranial lesions to LITT demonstrates a peak in volume at the IPA time point with decreased IPA inter‐rater reliability. We recommend that conclusions about intracranial lesion size post‐LITT be made at least 24 hours post‐LITT rather than immediately after LITT. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:362–369, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance imaging of differential tumor targeting using cis‐3,4‐di(acetoxymethoxycarbonyl)‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1‐pyrrolidinyloxyl
Authors: Redler Gage , Barth Eugene D. , Bauer Kenneth S. , Kao Joseph P.Y. , Rosen Gerald M. , Halpern Howard J. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeElectron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy promises quantitative images of important physiologic markers of animal tumors and normal tissues, such as pO2, pH, and thiol redox status. These parameters of tissue function are conveniently reported by tailored nitroxides. For defining tumor physiology, it is vital that nitroxides are selectively localized in tumors relative to normal tissue. Furthermore, these paramagnetic species should be specifically taken up by cells of the tumor, thereby reporting on both the site of tumor formation and the physiological status of the tissue. This study investigates the tumor localization of the novel nitroxide, cis‐3,4‐di(acetoxymethoxycarbonyl)‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1‐pyrrolidin‐yloxyl 3 relative to the corresponding di‐acid 4.MethodsWe obtained images of nitroxide 3 infused intravenously into C3H mice bearing 0.5‐cm3 FSa fibrosarcoma on the leg, and compared these with images of similar tumors infused with nitroxide 4.ResultsThe ratio of spectral intensity from within the tumor‐bearing region to that of normal tissue was higher in the mice injected with 3 relative to 4.ConclusionThis establishes the possibility of tumor imaging with a nitroxide with intracellular distribution and provides the basis for EPR images of animal models to investigate the relationship between crucial aspects of tumor microenvironment and malignancy and its response to therapy. Magn Reson Med 71:1650–1656, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ZTE imaging in humans
Authors: Weiger Markus , Brunner David O. , Dietrich Benjamin E. , Müller Colin F. , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeZero echo time (ZTE) imaging is a robust and silent 3D radial technique suitable for direct MRI of tissues with very rapid transverse relaxation. Given its successful application on micro‐ and animal MRI systems, the purpose of this work is to enable and demonstrate ZTE imaging in humans using a whole‐body magnet.MethodsA commercial 7 T MRI scanner was complemented by rapid high‐power transmit‐receive switches, a custom‐built spectrometer, and a proton‐free detector coil. With this setup, transmit‐receive switching is achieved within 1 µs, radiofrequency (RF) excitation is performed in 3 µs, and digital bandpass filtering takes 5.3 µs, resulting in an effective dead time of only 5 µs.ResultsZTE imaging was performed at 250 and 500 kHz bandwidth with central k‐space gaps of 1.2 and 2.5 Nyquist intervals and repetition times of 739 and 471 µs. The technique was applied for silent 3D imaging of the head and joints of human volunteers at an isotropic resolution down to 0.83 mm. A sound pressure level of 41 dB(A) was measured, which is a reduction of more than 40 dB(A) compared to gradient‐switched MRI.ConclusionZTE imaging in humans was demonstrated for the first time, enabled by dedicated, high‐performing RF hardware. Magn Reson Med 70:328–332, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vitro extracellular matrix model to evaluate stroma cell response to transvaginal mesh
Authors: Wu Ming‐Ping , Huang Kuan‐Hui , Long Cheng‐Yu , Yang Chau‐Chen , Tong Yat‐Ching 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsThe use of surgical mesh for female pelvic floor reconstruction has increased in recent years. However, there is paucity of information about the biological responses of host stroma cells to different meshes. This study was aimed to establish an in vitro experimental model to study the micro‐environment of extracellular matrix (ECM) with embedded mesh and the stroma cell behaviors to different synthetic meshes.MethodsMatrigel multi‐cellular co‐culture system with embedded mesh was used to evaluate the interaction of stroma cells and synthetic mesh in a simulated ECM environment. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and NIH3T3 fibroblasts were inoculated in the system. The established multi‐cellular Matrigel co‐culture system was used to detect stroma cell recruitment and tube formation ability for different synthetic meshes.ResultsHUVEC and NIH3T3 cells were recruited into the mesh interstices and organized into tube‐like structures in type I mesh material from Perigee, Marlex and Prolift 24 hr after cell inoculation. On the contrary, there was little recruitment of HUVEC and NIH3T3 cells into the type III mesh of intra‐vaginal sling (IVS).ConclusionsThe Matrigel multi‐cellular co‐culture system with embedded mesh offers a useful in vitro model to study the biological behaviors of stroma cells in response to different types of synthetic meshes. The system can help to select ideal mesh candidates before actual implantation into the human body. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:449–454, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Poverty to Vulnerability in Indian Rural States: An Asset‐Based Approach
Authors: Dutta Swati 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to bring a new area of poverty measurement based on households' access to basic assets from across Indian States. In India, discussion on poverty is largely focused on the income/consumption expenditure–based measures. The major drawback of the income‐based measure of poverty is that it is unable to distinguish between the structural and stochastic nature of poverty. This article applies the asset‐based framework to poverty to find out the relation between structural and stochastic poverty. Further, the article incorporates the vulnerability measures of poverty to determine expected poverty, which allows decomposing expected poverty into expected structural chronic poverty, expected structural transient poverty, and expected stochastic transient poverty. The article has used the Indian Human Development Survey (IHDS) 2005. A three‐step feasible least square technique is applied to estimate the expected income and variance of income. We found that at the all‐India level, 12 percent of households are structural chronic poor, 26 percent of households are structural transient poor, 27 percent of households are stochastic transient poor, and the remaining 35 percent of households are stable non‐poor. At the State level, it is seen that Orissa experienced the highest structural chronic poverty, followed by Bihar and Uttar Pradesh in 2005. Additionally, it was found that structural transient poverty is highest in Madhya Pradesh, followed by Andhra Pradesh, Assam, and Bihar. Additionally, in Madhya Pradesh, followed by West Bengal, stochastic transient poverty is rather high. The results of the analysis suggested that India needs more directed policies to reduce poverty. Our results indicate the importance of asset formation for long‐term poverty reduction. There is a need for targeting policies towards the structural chronic poor, and structural transient poor, who need support in terms of institutional and infrastructural development, whereas stochastic transient poor households need social security or an unemployment scheme to smooth their standard of living.
Enhanced rear‐side reflection and firing‐stable surface passivation of silicon solar cells with capping polymer films
Authors: Bullock James , Thomson Andrew , Cuevas Andrés , Veith Boris , Schmidt Jan , Karkkainen Ari 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLow refractive index polymer materials have been investigated with a view to form the back surface mirror of advanced silicon solar cells. SiOx:H or AlOy SiOx:H polymer films were spun on top of an ultra‐thin (<10 nm) atomic‐layer‐deposited (ALD) Al2O3 layer, itself deposited on low‐resistivity (1 Ω cm) p‐type crystalline silicon wafers. These double‐layer stacks were compared to both ALD Al2O3 single layers and ALD Al2O3/plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposited (PECVD) SiNx stacks, in terms of surface passivation, firing stability and rear‐side reflection. Very low surface recombination velocity (SRV) values approaching 3 cm/s were achieved with ALD Al2O3 layers in the 4–8 nm range. Whilst the surface passivation of the single ALD Al2O3 layer is maintained after a standard firing step typical of screen printing metallisation, a harsher firing regime revealed an enhanced thermal stability of the ALD Al2O3/SiOx:H and ALD Al2O3/AlOy SiOx:H stacks. Using simple two‐dimensional optical modelling of rear‐side reflection it is shown that the low refractive index exhibited by SiOx:H and AlOy SiOx:H results in superior optical performance as compared to PECVD SiNx, with gains in photogenerated current of ∼0.125 mA/cm2 at a capping thickness of 100 nm. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Clumped isotope analysis of carbonates: comparison of two different acid digestion techniques
Authors: Wacker Ulrike , Fiebig Jens , Schoene Bernd R. 
Published: June 2013

RATIONALEThe kinetic nature of the phosphoric acid digestion reaction enables clumped isotope analysis of carbonates using gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). In most laboratories acid digestions are performed at 25°C in sealed vessels or at 90°C in a common acid bath. Here we show that different Δ47 results are obtained depending on the digestion technique employed.METHODSSeveral replicates of a biogenic aragonite and NBS 19 were reacted with 104% H3PO4 in sealed vessels at 25°C and at 90°C using a common acid bath. The sample size varied between 4 mg and 14 mg. Purification methods that are standard for clumped isotope analyses were applied to the evolved CO2 before measuring the abundances of masses 44 to 49 relative to a reference gas by IRMS.RESULTSA systematic trend to lower and more consistent Δ47 values is observed for reactions at 25°C if the sample size is increased. We suggest that secondary re‐equilibration of evolved CO2 or reaction intermediates with free water molecules preferentially occurs for relatively small samples (4–7 mg), finally yielding elevated Δ47 values compared with >7 mg aliquots. In contrast, no such sample size effect on Δ47 values is observed for carbonates that are digested at 90°C using the common acid bath.CONCLUSIONSThe determination of Δ47 values of carbonate samples smaller than 7 mg becomes more precise and accurate if digestions are performed at 90°C. Based on our results we propose that the difference in phosphoric acid fractionation factor between 25°C and 90°C is 0.07‰ for both calcite and aragonite. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continual key leakage tolerant encryption from extensible set delegation
Authors: Zhang Mingwu , Yang Bo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMany attention has been attracted by a new security primitive called leakage‐resilient cryptography, which guarantees that the cryptographic system is semantic secure even if the key has been partially leaked, which is due to the side‐channel attacks that the part of secret key can be recovered. In this work, we present a leakage‐resilient functional encryption that supports unbounded extensible subset delegation, which remains provably secure even if the attacker learns some arbitrary partial information about the secret keys. The proposed scheme provides the tolerance of continual leakage in which both memory leakage and continual leakage are captured, which has many appealing applications because there are multiple secret keys per subset string by periodically refreshing the key. The security relies on the static complex assumptions that are based on the static (bilinear) subgroup decisional problems. Finally, we give the performance evaluation such as the size of public parameters, keys, ciphertexts, leakage bound, and leakage ratio under 80‐bit security standard. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pb2+ induces gastrin gene expression by extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1/2 and transcription factor activator protein 1 in human gastric carcinoma cells
Authors: Chan Chien‐Pin , Tsai Yao‐Ting , Chen Yao‐Li , Hsu Yu‐Wen , Tseng Joseph T. , Chuang Hung‐Yi , Shiurba Robert , Lee Mei‐Hsien , Wang Jaw‐Yuan , Chang Wei‐Chiao 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTDivalent lead ions (Pb2+) are toxic environmental pollutants known to cause serious health problems in humans and animals. Absorption of Pb2+ from air, water, and food takes place in the respiratory and digestive tracts. The ways in which absorbed Pb2+ affects cell physiology are just beginning to be understood at the molecular level. Here, we used reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting to analyze cultures of human gastric carcinoma cells exposed to 10 μM lead nitrate. We found that Pb2+ induces gastrin hormone gene transcription and translation in a time‐dependent manner. Promoter deletion analysis revealed that activator protein 1 (AP1) was necessary for gastrin gene transcription in cells exposed to Pb2+. MitogIen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK kinase inhibitor PD98059 suppressed the Pb2+‐induced increase in messenger RNA. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors AG1478 and PD153035 reduced both transcription and phosphorylation by extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Cells exposed to Pb2+ also increased production of c‐Jun protein, a component of AP1, and over‐expression of c‐Jun enhanced activation of the gastrin promoter. In sum, the findings suggest the EGFR‐ERK1/2‐AP1 pathway mediates the effects of Pb2+ on gastrin gene activity in cell culture. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 129–136, 2015.
The ethics of emissions trading
Authors: Page Edward A. 
Published: June 2013

Greenhouse gas emissions trading is a major policy tool in the international response to global climate change. This article serves as a critical introduction to the growing literature on the normative issues raised by this influential method of reducing the emissions of gases that drive climate change. To this end, four areas of normative theorizing are explored where emissions trading schemes have been considered vulnerable to critique for reasons that cannot be reduced without remainder to the dominant normative desiderata of environmental efficiency and cost efficiency.WIREs Clim Change2013, 4:233–243. doi: 10.1002/wcc.222This article is categorized under:Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate ChangeThe Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior
Genetic modulation of the response bias towards facial displays of anger and happiness
Authors: Gohier B. , Senior C. , Radua J. , El-Hage W. , Reichenberg A. , Proitsi P. , Phillips M.L. , Surguladze S.A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground:Investigating genetic modulation of emotion processing may contribute to the understanding of heritable mechanisms of emotional disorders. The aim of the present study was to test the effects of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) val158met and serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms on facial emotion processing in healthy individuals.Methods:Two hundred and seventy five (167 female) participants were asked to complete a computerized facial affect recognition task, which involved four experimental conditions, each containing one type of emotional face (fearful, angry, sad or happy) intermixed with neutral faces. Participants were asked to indicate whether the face displayed an emotion or was neutral. The COMT-val158met and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms were genotyped.Results:Met homozygotes (COMT) showed a stronger bias to perceive neutral faces as expressions of anger, compared with val homozygotes. However, the S-homozygotes (5-HTTLPR) showed a reduced bias to perceive neutral faces as expressions of happiness, compared to L-homozygotes. No interaction between 5-HTTLPR and COMT was found.Conclusions:These results add to the knowledge of individual differences in social cognition that are modulated via serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. This potentially could contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of susceptibility to emotional disorders.
Sleep-wake cycle and melatonin rhythms in adolescents and young adults with mood disorders: Comparison of unipolar and bipolar phenotypes
Authors: Robillard R. , Naismith S.L. , Rogers N.L. , Scott E.M. , Ip T.K.C. , Hermens D.F. , Hickie I.B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study evaluated the potential of circadian measures as early markers of mood disorders subtypes. Patients with bipolar disorders had significantly lower levels and later onset of melatonin secretion than those with unipolar depression. Furthermore, abnormal phase angles between sleep, melatonin and temperature were found in several patients.
Developmental changes in hippocampal shape among preadolescent children
Authors: Lin Muqing , Fwu Peter T. , Buss Claudia , Davis Elysia P. , Head Kevin , Muftuler L. Tugan , Sandman Curt A. , Su Min‐Ying 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIt is known that the largest developmental changes in the hippocampus take place during the prenatal period and during the first two years of postnatal life. Few studies have been conducted to address the normal developmental trajectory of the hippocampus during childhood. In this study shape analysis was applied to study the normal developing hippocampus in a group of 103 typically developing 6‐ to 10‐year‐old preadolescent children. The individual brain was normalized to a template, and then the hippocampus was manually segmented and further divided into the head, body, and tail sub‐regions. Three different methods were applied for hippocampal shape analysis: radial distance mapping, surface‐based template registration using the robust point matching (RPM) algorithm, and volume‐based template registration using the Demons algorithm. All three methods show that the older children have bilateral expanded head segments compared to the younger children. The results analyzed based on radial distance to the centerline were consistent with those analyzed using template‐based registration methods. In analyses stratified by sex, it was found that the age‐associated anatomical changes were similar in boys and girls, but the age‐association was strongest in girls. Total hippocampal volume and sub‐regional volumes analyzed using manual segmentation did not show a significant age‐association. Our results suggest that shape analysis is sensitive to detect sub‐regional differences that are not revealed in volumetric analysis. The three methods presented in this study may be applied in future studies to investigate the normal developmental trajectory of the hippocampus in children. They may be further applied to detect early deviations from the normal developmental trajectory in young children for evaluating susceptibility for psychopathological disorders involving hippocampus.
Dust-acoustic solitary waves in a dusty plasma with dust of opposite polarity and vortex-like ion distribution
Authors: ZAHRAN M. A. , EL-SHEWY E. K. , ABDELWAHED H. G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe nonlinear propagation of small but finite-amplitude dust-acoustic solitary waves in an unmagnetized, collisionless dusty plasma has been investigated. The fluid model is a generalization to the model of Mamun and Shukla to a more realistic space dusty plasma in different regions of space, viz., cometary tails, mesosphere, and Jupiter's magnetosphere, by considering a four-component dusty plasma consisting of the charged dusty plasma of opposite polarity, isothermal electrons and vortex-like ion distributions in the ambient plasma. A reductive perturbation method was employed to obtain a modified Korteweg–de Vries equation for the first-order potential. The effect of the presence of a positively charged dust fluid, the specific charge ratio μ, the temperature of the positively charged dust fluid, the ratio of constant temperature of free hot ions and the constant temperature of trapped ions, and ion temperature on the soliton properties and dusty grains energy are discussed.
School performance affects adolescent blood pressure
Authors: Xu Shaopeng , Yu Bin , Zepei Jiayong , Chang Hong , Guo Juan , Li Bin , Wan Zheng 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHypertension is a risk factor in many cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases. Adolescent hypertension may develop into adult hypertension. Examining the aetiologic factors of adolescent hypertension is crucial in its prevention and in managing its possible complications. The predominant view of aetiologic factors includes heredity, overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, gestational hypertension, diet, and intrauterine growth retardation. This article reported that children's academic grades in schools were positively correlated with adolescent blood pressure.
Electron Diffraction of ThMn12/Th2Zn17-Type Structures in the Nd-Fe-Ti System
Authors: Nunes Daniela , Gonçalves António P. , Carvalho Patricia A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNd:11Fe:Ti alloys prepared by arc melting followed by splat quenching and annealing have been investigated by electron microscopy. The as-cast microstructure evidenced an α-Fe(Ti) → NdFe11Ti → Nd2(Fe,Ti)17 solidification sequence compatible with a cascade of peritectic reactions. The Nd2(Fe,Ti)17 phase was not detected in the microstructure of the splat-quenched materials, but after annealing the ternary compound grains consisted of a mixture of ThMn12-type and Th2Zn17-type structures exhibiting a consistent (020)1:12//(003)2:17 and [100]1:12//[110]2:17, orientation relation, with the invariant plane sitting at (022)1:12//(333)2:17. A series of 3D microdiffraction experiments carried out on grains presenting a random distribution of planar defects has been used to map the reciprocal space of the intergrown phases.