bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous transcriptome analysis of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and tomato fruit pathosystem reveals novel fungal pathogenicity and fruit defense strategies
Authors: Alkan Noam , Friedlander Gilgi , Ment Dana , Prusky Dov , Fluhr Robert 
Published: November 2014

Summary

The fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides breaches the fruit cuticle but remains quiescent until fruit ripening signals a switch to necrotrophy, culminating in devastating anthracnose disease. There is a need to understand the distinct fungal arms strategy and the simultaneous fruit response.

Transcriptome analysis of fungal–fruit interactions was carried out concurrently in the appressoria, quiescent and necrotrophic stages.

Conidia germinating on unripe fruit cuticle showed stage‐specific transcription that was accompanied by massive fruit defense responses. The subsequent quiescent stage showed the development of dendritic‐like structures and swollen hyphae within the fruit epidermis. The quiescent fungal transcriptome was characterized by activation of chromatin remodeling genes and unsuspected environmental alkalization. Fruit response was portrayed by continued highly integrated massive up‐regulation of defense genes. During cuticle infection of green or ripe fruit, fungi recapitulate the same developmental stages but with differing quiescent time spans. The necrotrophic stage showed a dramatic shift in fungal metabolism and up‐regulation of pathogenicity factors. Fruit response to necrotrophy showed activation of the salicylic acid pathway, climaxing in cell death.

Transcriptome analysis of C. gloeosporioides infection of fruit reveals its distinct stage‐specific lifestyle and the concurrent changing fruit response, deepening our perception of the unfolding fungal–fruit arms and defenses race.
The effect of elevated carbon dioxide on the interaction betweenEucalyptus grandisand diverse isolates ofPisolithussp. is associated with a complex shift in the root transcriptome
Authors: Plett Jonathan M. , Kohler Annegret , Khachane Amit , Keniry Kerry , Plett Krista L. , Martin Francis , Anderson Ian C. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryUsing the newly available genome forEucalyptus grandis, we sought to determine the genome‐wide traits that enable this host to form mutualistic interactions with ectomycorrhizal (ECM)Pisolithussp. and to determine how future predicted concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) will affect this relationship.We analyzed the physiological and transcriptomic responses ofE. grandisduring colonization by differentPisolithussp. isolates under conditions of ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (650 ppm)CO2to tease out the gene expression profiles associated with colonization status.We demonstrate thatE. grandisvaries in its susceptibility to colonization by differentPisolithusisolates in a manner that is not predictable by geographic origin or the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)‐based phylogeny of the fungal partner. Elevated concentrations ofCO2alter the receptivity ofE. grandistoPisolithus, a change that is correlated to a dramatic shift in the transcriptomic profile of the root.These data provide a starting point for understanding how future environmental change may alter the signaling between plants and their ECM partners and is a step towards determining the mechanism behind previously observed shifts inEucalypt‐associated fungal communities exposed to elevated concentrations of atmosphericCO2.
Are new supraglottic airway devices, tracheal tubes and airway viewing devices cost‐effective?
Authors: Slinn Simon J. , Froom Stephen R. , Stacey Mark R. W. , Gildersleve Christopher D. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryOver the past two decades, a plethora of new airway devices has become available to the pediatric anesthetist. While all have the laudable intention of improving patient care and some have proven clinical benefits, these devices are often costly and at times claims of an advantage over current equipment and techniques are marginal. Supraglottic airway devices are used in the majority of pediatric anesthetics delivered in the UK, and airway‐viewing devices provide an alternative for routine intubation as well as an option in the management of the difficult airway. Yet hidden beneath the convenience of the former and the technology of the latter, the impact on basic airway skills with a facemask and the lack of opportunities to fine‐tune the core skill of intubation represent an unrecognised and unquantifiable cost. A judgement on this value must be factored into the absolute purchase cost and any potential benefits to the quality of patient care, thus blurring any judgement on cost‐effectiveness that we might have. An overall value on cost‐effectiveness though not in strict monetary terms can then be ascribed. In this review, we evaluate the role of these devices in the care of the pediatric patient and attempt to balance the advantages they offer against the cost they incur, both financial and environmental, and in any quality improvement they might offer in clinical care.
The ‘Can't Intubate Can't Oxygenate’ scenario in pediatric anesthesia: a comparison of the Melker cricothyroidotomy kit with a scalpel bougie technique
Authors: Prunty Sarah L. , Aranda‐Palacios Alberto , Heard Andy M. , Chapman Gordon , Ramgolam Anoop , Hegarty Mary , Vijayasekaran Shyan , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryBackgroundWhile the majority of pediatric intubations are uncomplicated, the ‘Can't intubate, Can't Oxygenate’ scenario (CICO) does occur. With limited management guidelines available, CICO is still a challenge even to experienced pediatric anesthetists.ObjectivesTo compare the COOK Melker cricothyroidotomy kit (CM) with a scalpel bougie (SB) technique for success rate and complication rate in a tracheotomy on a cadaveric ‘infant airway’ animal model.MethodsTwo experienced proceduralists repeatedly attempted tracheotomy in eight rabbits, alternately using CM and SB (4 fr) technique. The first attempt was performed at the level of the first tracheal cartilage with subsequent experimental trials of insertion progressively more caudad. Success was defined as intratracheal placement of cannula as seen on bronchoscope. Complications were assessed both by bronchoscopic and macropathological appearance.Results32 attempts were made at tracheotomy. CM had an overall success rate of 100% compared to a 75% success rate for SB. Success rate for the first attempt was dependent on the level of the tracheotomy (Level 1 100%, level 2 62.5% and level 3 & 4 25%). While CM was associated with lateral and/or posterior wall damage on bronchoscopy/macropathology in 6% of 19% and 25% of 50% respectively, the damage observed was greater and more frequent with SB (19%/44% and 31%/50%, respectively).ConclusionsAt level 1, the first attempt success rate was 100% for both devices. Overall CM showed a better success rate than SB; however, both techniques were associated with significant complication rates, which were more pronounced following the scalpel bougie technique.
Reactive oxygen species contribute to the release of volatile organic compounds from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during programmed cell death
Authors: Zuo Zhaojiang , Chen Zhengzhen , Shi Menglin , Zhu Yerong , Bai Yanling , Wang Yong 
Published: November 2014

SummaryAcetic acid at pH 5.0 can induce programmed cell death (PCD) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells, and abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were released during the process. In this study, the caspase‐3‐like activity was determined during the PCD, and it was increased significantly after 1 h. During the PCD, the dynamic release of VOCs from the cells was analyzed, and the emissions of total VOCs were raised markedly and reached the highest level at 2 h. Among the seven types of VOCs, such as alkanes, alkenes, terpenoids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters, three oxygenated compounds (aldehydes, ketones and esters) showed the most significant increase. O2‐· and H2O2 were rapidly accumulated to high levels in the cells at the beginning of the PCD, but their content was reduced during the process. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were reduced gradually and even disappeared completely, demonstrating that the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may not be scavenged by the antioxidant enzyme system. ROS have an intense oxidation and scavenging ability to volatile compounds, and the oxidation results in the production of oxygenated compounds. Therefore, the abundant production of oxygenated compounds indicated that ROS may play an important role in the dynamic release of VOCs from C. reinhardtii cells during PCD.
Depression in Parkinson's disease: the effectiveness and risk of pharmacotherapy. Clinical review
Authors: Dyduch Agnieszka , Załuska Maria 
Published: November 2014

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disease with a heterogeneous pattern of neurological symptoms and concomitant psychiatric syndromes. These syndromes are triggered by alterations to neurotransmission that are likely common for both neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Syndromes such as depression, anxiety, or cognitive impairment can precede motor symptoms of PD and delay its diagnosis. Recently, questions related to aetiological factors and treatment strategies of depression in PD have become a growing concern of PD researchers. This article describes the main features of depression in PD and presents current hypotheses on its aetiology and recommended treatment modes.
Sequential Sufficient Dimension Reduction for Large p, Small n Problems
Authors: Yin Xiangrong , Hilafu Haileab 
Published: November 2014

SummaryWe propose a new and simple framework for dimension reduction in the large p, small n setting. The framework decomposes the data into pieces, thereby enabling existing approaches for n&gt;p to be adapted to n &lt; p problems. Estimating a large covariance matrix, which is a very difficult task, is avoided. We propose two separate paths to implement the framework. Our paths provide sufficient procedures for identifying informative variables via a sequential approach. We illustrate the paths by using sufficient dimension reduction approaches, but the paths are very general. Empirical evidence demonstrates the efficacy of our paths. Additional simulations and applications are given in an on-line supplementary file.
The effect of riboflavin and ultraviolet light on the infectivity of arboviruses
Authors: Faddy Helen M. , Prow Natalie A. , Fryk Jesse J. , Hall Roy A. , Keil Shawn D. , Goodrich Raymond P. , Marks Denese C. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundArboviruses are an emerging threat to transfusion safety and rates of infection are likely to increase with the increased rainfall associated with climate change. Arboviral infections are common in Australia, where Ross River virus (RRV), Barmah Forest virus (BFV), and Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV), among others, have the potential to cause disease in humans. The use of pathogen reduction technology (PRT) may be an alternative approach for blood services to manage the risk of arboviral transfusion transmission. In this study, the effectiveness of the Mirasol PRT (Terumo BCT) system at inactivating RRV, BFV, and MVEV in buffy coat (BC)‐derived platelets (PLTs) was investigated.Study Design and MethodsBC‐derived PLT concentrates in additive solution (SSP+) were spiked with RRV, BFV, or MVEV and then treated with the Mirasol PRT system. The level of infectious virus was determined before and after treatment, and the reduction in viral infectivity was calculated.ResultsTreatment with PRT (Mirasol) reduced the amount of infectious virus of all three arboviruses. The greatest level of inactivation was observed for RRV (2.33 log; 99.25%), followed by BFV (1.97 log; 98.68%) and then MVEV (1.83 log; 98.42%).ConclusionOur study demonstrates that treatment of PLT concentrates with PRT (Mirasol) reduces the infectious levels of RRV, BFV, and MVEV. The relevance of the level of reduction required to prevent disease transmission by transfusion has not been fully defined and requires further investigation. In the face of a changing climate, with its associated threat to blood safety, PRT represents a proactive approach for maintaining blood safety.
Adaptation of the modified Bouc–Wen model to compensate for hysteresis in respiratory motion for the list‐mode binning of cardiac SPECT and PET acquisitions: Testing using MRI
Authors: Dasari Paul K. R. , Shazeeb Mohammed Salman , Könik Arda , Lindsay Clifford , Mukherjee Joyeeta M. , Johnson Karen L. , King Michael A. 
Published: November 2014

Purpose:Binning list‐mode acquisitions as a function of a surrogate signal related to respiration has been employed to reduce the impact of respiratory motion on image quality in cardiac emission tomography (SPECT and PET). Inherent in amplitude binning is the assumption that there is a monotonic relationship between the amplitude of the surrogate signal and respiratory motion of the heart. This assumption is not valid in the presence of hysteresis when heart motion exhibits a different relationship with the surrogate during inspiration and expiration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the novel approach of using the Bouc–Wen (BW) model to provide a signal accounting for hysteresis when binning list‐mode data with the goal of thereby improving motion correction. The study is based on the authors’ previous observations that hysteresis between chest and abdomen markers was indicative of hysteresis between abdomen markers and the internal motion of the heart.Methods:In 19 healthy volunteers, they determined the internal motion of the heart and diaphragm in the superior–inferior direction during free breathing using MRI navigators. A visual tracking system (vts) synchronized with MRI acquisition tracked the anterior–posterior motions of external markers placed on the chest and abdomen. These data were employed to develop and test the Bouc–Wen model by inputting the vts derived chest and abdomen motions into it and using the resulting output signals as surrogates for cardiac motion. The data of the volunteers were divided into training and testing sets. The training set was used to obtain initial values for the model parameters for all of the volunteers in the set, and for set members based on whether they were or were not classified as exhibiting hysteresis using a metric derived from the markers. These initial parameters were then employed with the testing set to estimate output signals. Pearson's linear correlation coefficient between the abdomen, chest, average of chest and abdomen markers, and Bouc–Wen derived signals versus the true internal motion of the heart from MRI was used to judge the signals match to the heart motion.Results:The results show that the Bouc–Wen model generated signals demonstrated strong correlation with the heart motion. This correlation was slightly larger on average than that of the external surrogate signals derived from the abdomen marker, and average of the abdomen and chest markers, but was not statistically significantly different from them.Conclusions:The results suggest that the proposed model has the potential to be a unified framework for modeling hysteresis in respiratory motion in cardiac perfusion studies and beyond.
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Blaeser Susan B. , Schomer Paul D. 
Published: November 2014

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, S3/SC 1, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, animal bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes catalogs of Acoustical Standards, both National and International. To receive copies of the latest Standards catalogs, please contact Susan B. Blaeser.
Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.
This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA, as well as the National and International Catalogs of Acoustical Standards, and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America, are available via the ASA home page: http://acousticalsociety.org.
Intraocular Levels of Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and IL-10 as Respective Determinant Markers of Toxoplasmosis and Viral Uveitis
Authors: Sauer Arnaud , Villard Odile , Creuzot-Garcher Catherine , Chiquet Christophe , Berrod Jean-Paul , Speeg-Schatz Claude , Bourcier Tristan , Candolfi Ermanno 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTUveitis is a potentially blinding inflammatory disease. Thirty to 50% of uveitis cases are considered idiopathic. The present study sought to determine the intraocular cytokine patterns in the different etiological types of uveitis in order to better understand their immunological regulation and to determine whether the cytokine pattern may be a useful diagnostic tool. From a multicenter institutional prospective study, the clinical and biological data from patients with uveitis of various etiologies, determined after a complete workup, were compared with those from a control group of cataract patients. A multiplex assay was used to assess the profiles of 27 cytokines and chemokines in aqueous humor samples from these patients. In total, 62 patients with infectious or noninfectious uveitis and 88 controls were included. After a complete workup, the cause of uveitis remained unknown in 25 patients (40% idiopathic uveitis). Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels were markedly increased in viral uveitis, as were IL-10 levels, whereas IL-17A levels were augmented in toxoplasmic uveitis. Based on the cytokine pattern, the patients were reassigned to specific groups. At the end of the study, the diagnosis of idiopathic uveitis was still valid in only 11 patients (18%). The observation that some markers are specific to certain diseases enables a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis and paves the way for new diagnostic methods aimed to identify inflammatory markers, which may perhaps be targeted by therapy.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086, a Widely Used Spore-Forming Probiotic Strain
Authors: Orrù Luigi , Salvetti Elisa , Cattivelli Luigi , Lamontanara Antonella , Michelotti Vania , Capozzi Vittorio , Spano Giuseppe , Keller David , Cash Howard , Martina Alessia , Torriani Sandra , Felis Giovanna E. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Bacillus coagulans
GBI-30, 6086 is a safe strain, already available on the market, and characterized by certified beneficial effects. The draft genome sequence presented here constitutes the first pillar toward the identification of the molecular mechanisms responsible for its positive features and safety.
White Spot Syndrome Virus Protein Kinase 1 Defeats the Host Cell's Iron-Withholding Defense Mechanism by Interacting with Host Ferritin
Authors: Lin Shin-Jen , Lee Der-Yen , Wang Hao-Ching , Kang Shih-Ting , Hwang Pung-Pung , Kou Guang-Hsiung , Huang Ming-Fen , Chang Geen-Dong , Lo Chu-Fang 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Iron is an essential nutrient for nearly all living organisms, including both hosts and invaders. Proteins such as ferritin regulate the iron levels in a cell, and in the event of a pathogenic invasion, the host can use an iron-withholding mechanism to restrict the availability of this essential nutrient to the invading pathogens. However, pathogens use various strategies to overcome this host defense. In this study, we demonstrated that white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) protein kinase 1 (PK1) interacted with shrimp ferritin in the yeast two-hybrid system. A pulldown assay and 27-MHz quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) analysis confirmed the interaction between PK1 and both ferritin and apoferritin. PK1 did not promote the release of iron ions from ferritin, but it prevented apoferritin from binding ferrous ions. When PK1 was overexpressed in Sf9 cells, the cellular labile iron pool (LIP) levels were elevated significantly. Immunoprecipitation and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) further showed that the number of iron ions bound by ferritin decreased significantly at 24 h post-WSSV infection. Taken together, these results suggest that PK1 prevents apoferritin from iron loading, and thus stabilizes the cellular LIP levels, and that WSSV uses this novel mechanism to counteract the host cell's iron-withholding defense mechanism.

IMPORTANCE
We show here that white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) ensures the availability of iron by using a previously unreported mechanism to defeat the host cell's iron-withholding defense mechanism. This defense is often implemented by ferritin, which can bind up to 4,500 iron atoms and acts to sequester free iron within the cell. WSSV's novel counterstrategy is mediated by a direct protein-protein interaction between viral protein kinase 1 (PK1) and host ferritin. PK1 interacts with both ferritin and apoferritin, suppresses apoferritin's ability to sequester free iron ions, and maintains the intracellular labile iron pool (LIP), and thus the availability of free iron is increased within cells.
The reliability of in-hospital diagnoses of diabetes mellitus in the setting of an acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Arnold Suzanne V , Lipska Kasia J , Inzucchi Silvio E , Li Yan , Jones Philip G , McGuire Darren K , Goyal Abhinav , Stolker Joshua M , Lind Marcus , Spertus John A , Kosiborod Mikhail 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveIncident diabetes mellitus (DM) is important to recognize in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). To develop an efficient screening strategy, we explored the use of random plasma glucose (RPG) at admission and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) to select patients with AMI for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing.Design, setting, andparticipantsProspective registry of 1574 patients with AMI not taking glucose-lowering medication from 24 US hospitals. All patients had HbA1c measured at a core laboratory and admission RPG and ≥2 FPGs recorded during hospitalization. We examined potential combinations of RPG and FPG and compared these with HbA1c≥6.5%—considered the gold standard for DM diagnosis in these analyses.ResultsAn RPG>140 mg/dL or FPG≥126 mg/dL had high sensitivity for DM diagnosis. Combining these into a screening protocol (if admission RPG>140, check HbA1c; or if FPG≥126 on a subsequent day, check HbA1c) led to HbA1c testing in 50% of patients and identified 86% with incident DM (number needed to screen (NNS)=3.3 to identify 1 case of DM; vs NNS=5.6 with universal HbA1c screening). Alternatively, using an RPG>180 led to HbA1c testing in 40% of patients with AMI and identified 82% of DM (NNS=2.7).ConclusionsWe have established two potential selective screening methods for DM in the setting of AMI that could identify the vast majority of incident DM by targeted screening of 40–50% of patients with AMI with HbA1c testing. Using these methods may efficiently identify patients with AMI with DM so that appropriate education and treatment can be promptly initiated.