bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Has Detrimental Effects on Human Lymphocyte Viability and Function
Authors: Wong Deborah J.L. , Rao Amol , Avramis Earl , Matsunaga Douglas R. , Komatsubara Kimberly M. , Atefi Mohammad S. , Escuin-Ordinas Helena , Chodon Thinle , Koya Richard C. , Ribas Antoni , Comin-Anduix Begoña 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been reported to increase tumor antigen expression, and have been successfully tested as adjuvants for melanoma immunotherapy in mouse models. In this work, we tested the effects of a pan-HDACi on human lymphocytes and melanoma cell lines. Effects of the pan-HDACi panobinostat (LBH589) on cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA damage were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 2 healthy donors, 13 patients with metastatic melanoma, 2 bone marrow samples from patients with different malignances, and 12 human melanoma cell lines. Intracellular signaling in lymphocytes, with or without cytokine stimulation, was analyzed by phospho-flow cytometry in one of each type. The IC50 in PBMCs was &lt;20 nmol/L compared with &gt;600 nmol/L in melanoma cell lines; &gt;40% apoptotic cell death in PBMCs versus &lt;10% in melanoma cell lines was seen at the same concentration. Phospho-histone variant H2A.X (pH2A.X) increased 2-fold in healthy donor PBMCs at 1 nmol/L, whereas the same effect in the melanoma cell line M229 required 10 nmol/L. pH2A.X was inhibited slightly in the PBMCs of 3 patients with metastatic melanoma at 1 nmol/L and in the melanoma cell line M370 at 10 nmol/L. Panobinostat inhibited phospho-STAT1/3/5/6, -p38, -ERK, -p53, -cyclin D3, and -histone H3 in flow cytometry–gated healthy donor B and T cells, whereas it induced up to 6-fold activation in patients with metastatic melanoma and bone marrow samples. In human lymphocytes, panobinostat alters key lymphocyte activation signaling pathways and is cytotoxic at concentrations much lower than those required for melanoma antitumor activity, resulting in an adverse therapeutic window. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(5); 459–68. ©2014 AACR.
Increased Pericyte Coverage Mediated by Endothelial-Derived Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 and Interleukin-6 Is a Source of Smooth Muscle–Like Cells in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Ricard Nicolas , Tu Ly , Le Hiress Morane , Huertas Alice , Phan Carole , Thuillet Raphaël , Sattler Caroline , Fadel Elie , Seferian Andrei , Montani David , Dorfmüller Peter , Humbert Marc , Guignabert Christophe 
Published: January 2014

Background—
Pericytes and their crosstalk with endothelial cells are critical for the development of a functional microvasculature and vascular remodeling. It is also known that pulmonary endothelial dysfunction is intertwined with the initiation and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We hypothesized that pulmonary endothelial dysfunction, characterized by abnormal fibroblast growth factor-2 and interleukin-6 signaling, leads to abnormal microvascular pericyte coverage causing pulmonary arterial medial thickening.

Methods and Results—
In human lung tissues, numbers of pericytes are substantially increased (up to 2-fold) in distal PAH pulmonary arteries compared with controls. Interestingly, human pulmonary pericytes exhibit, in vitro, an accentuated proliferative and migratory response to conditioned media from human idiopathic PAH endothelial cells compared with conditioned media from control cells. Importantly, by using an anti–fibroblast growth factor-2 neutralizing antibody, we attenuated these proliferative and migratory responses, whereas by using an anti–interleukin-6 neutralizing antibody, we decreased the migratory response without affecting the proliferative response. Furthermore, in our murine retinal angiogenesis model, both fibroblast growth factor-2 and interleukin-6 administration increased pericyte coverage. Finally, using idiopathic PAH human and NG2DsRedBAC mouse lung tissues, we demonstrated that this increased pericyte coverage contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling as a source of smooth muscle–like cells. Furthermore, we found that transforming growth factor-β, in contrast to fibroblast growth factor-2 and interleukin-6, promotes human pulmonary pericyte differentiation into contractile smooth muscle–like cells.

Conclusions—
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of excessive pericyte coverage in distal pulmonary arteries in human PAH. We also show that this phenomenon is directly linked with pulmonary endothelial dysfunction.
Endocarditis Is a Common Stroke Mechanism in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Ishida Koto , Brown Mesha Gay , Weiner Mark , Kobrin Sidney , Kasner Scott E. , Messé Steven R. 
Published: January 2014

Background and Purpose—
Hemodialysis patients are at high risk for ischemic stroke, and previous studies have noted a high rate of cardioembolism in this population. The aim of this study was to determine ischemic stroke causes among hemodialysis patients and elucidate specific cardioembolic stroke mechanisms.

Methods—
This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study of hemodialysis patients admitted with acute stroke to the University of Pennsylvania Health System between 2003 and 2010. Strokes were classified using modified Trial of Org 10 172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria as large vessel, cardioembolism, small vessel, atypical, multiple causes, or cryptogenic. Cardioembolic strokes were further characterized for specific mechanism.

Results—
We identified 52 patients hospitalized with acute stroke while receiving hemodialysis. Mean age was 64±13 years, 56% were female, and 67% were black. Stroke subtypes included 3 (6%) large vessel, 20 (38%) cardioembolism, 6 (11%) small vessel, 3 (6%) other, 4 (8%) with multiple causes, and 16 (31%) were unknown. Among patients who had an echocardiogram performed, 5 of 52 (10%; 95% confidence interval, 1%–18%) had a patent foramen ovale. Cardioembolic stroke mechanisms included 6 with infective endocarditis (accounting for 12% of all strokes).

Conclusions—
Cardioembolism and cryptogenic stroke are the predominant stroke mechanisms among hemodialysis patients. Infective endocarditis was identified frequently relative to other stroke cohorts, and a raised index of suspicion is warranted in the hemodialysis population.
The Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Warming Simulated by CMIP5 Models during the Twentieth Century: Competing Forcing Roles of GHGs and Anthropogenic Aerosols
Authors: Dong Lu , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Indian Ocean exhibits a robust basinwide sea surface temperature (SST) warming during the twentieth century that has affected the hydrological cycle, atmospheric circulation, and global climate change. The competing roles of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and anthropogenic aerosols (AAs) with regard to the Indian Ocean warming are investigated by using 17 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The increasing GHGs are considered to be one reason for the warming. Here model evidence is provided that the emission of AAs has slowed down the warming rate. With AAs, the warming trend has been slowed down by 0.34 K century−1. However, the cooling effect is weakened when only the direct aerosol effect is considered. GHGs and AAs have competed with each other in forming the basinwide warming pattern as well as the equatorial east–west dipole warming pattern. Both the basinwide warming effect of GHGs and the cooling effect of AAs, mainly through indirect aerosol effect, are established through atmospheric processes via radiative and turbulent fluxes. The positive contributions of surface latent heat flux from atmosphere and surface longwave radiation due to GHGs forcing dominate the basinwide warming, while the reductions of surface shortwave radiation, surface longwave radiation, and latent heat flux from atmosphere associated with AAs induce the basinwide cooling. The positive Indian Ocean dipole warming pattern is seen in association with the surface easterly wind anomaly during 1870–2005 along the equator, which is produced by the increase of GHGs but weakened by AAs via direct aerosol effects.
Development and Evaluation of an Autonomous Sensor for the Observation of Sediment Motion*
Authors: Frank Donya , Foster Diane , Chou Pai , Kao Yu-Min , Sou In Mei , Calantoni Joseph 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Measurements within the mobile bed layer have been limited by previous Eulerian-based technologies. A microelectromechanical system device, called a smart sediment grain (SSG), that can measure and record Lagrangian observations of coastal sediments at incipient motion has been developed. These sensors have the potential to resolve fundamental hypotheses regarding the incipient motion of coastal sediments. Angle of repose experiments verified that the sensor enclosure has mobility characteristics similar to coarse gravel. Experiments conducted in a small oscillating flow tunnel verified that the sensors detect incipient motion under various hydrodynamic conditions. Evidence suggests the influence of pressure-gradient-induced sediment motion, contrary to the more commonly assumed bed shear stress criterion. Lagrangian measurements of rotation measured with the newly developed SSG agreed to within 5% of the rotation estimates made simultaneously with high-speed video cameras.
Families United/Familias Unidas
Authors: Kutob Randa M. , Siwik Violet Perez , Aickin Mikel , Ritenbaugh Cheryl 
Published: January 2014

Purpose The purpose of the Families United/Familias Unidas study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of group office visits on reducing diabetes risk in a multiethnic, primary care population. Methods Adults, ages 18 to 70 years, with any diabetes risk factor were recruited to attend 12 group office visits over 6 months. Each participant identified 1 support person, age 14 to 70 years, to accompany them. Data were collected at baseline, postintervention, 6 months, and 12 months. Primary outcome measures were reduction in the total number of predefined, modifiable risk factors (ie, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2; waist circumference ≥88 cm [women], ≥102 cm [men]; blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg; hemoglobin A1C ≥5.7%; fasting insulin ≥15 µU/mL; glycemic index ≥52.5% [women], ≥53.4% [men]; and physical activity <150 min/wk). Results Thirty-nine participants/supporters completed the intervention (mean age 47.8 ± 12.3 years, 69.2% female, 61.5% white, 35.9% Latino). Risk reduction analysis included only participants/supporters who remained paired at the intervention’s end (n = 36). At baseline, primary participants (n = 18) had an average of 4.8 ± 1.6 (standard error) predefined risk factors; supporters (n = 18), 4.1 ± 1.4. Primary participants’ risk factors decreased approximately 15% immediately after the 6-month intervention (absolute reduction of 1.1 risk factors) and increased to ~20% reduction 1 year postintervention (absolute reduction of 1.4 risk factors). Risk reduction was primarily due to decreases in dietary glycemic index and fasting insulin levels. Conclusions Group visits provide an innovative and potentially efficacious model of diabetes prevention in multiethnic patients with heterogeneous risk factors.
Hyperglycemia as a Potential Prognostic Factor of Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Ryu Ohk Hyun , Choi Moon Gi , Park Chan Hum , Kim Dong‐Kyu , Lee Joong Seob , Lee Jun Ho 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveHyperglycemia is not identified as a significant prognostic factor for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss in any literature. Therefore, we investigated the prognostic value of hyperglycemia in predicting hearing recovery.Study DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary university hospital.Subjects and MethodsPatients were classified into 3 groups according to their glucose tolerance using the 75‐gram oral glucose tolerance test and hemoglobin A1c test as follows: (1) a normal glucose tolerance group, (2) a prediabetes group, which included patients with impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose levels, and (3) a diabetes mellitus group.ResultsAmong 94 patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss, 45 were classified into the normal glucose tolerance group, 28 into the prediabetes group, and 21 into the diabetes mellitus group. The recovery rate of the normal glucose tolerance group was not higher than that of the diabetes mellitus group (P =. 140). However, when the prediabetes and diabetes mellitus groups were collectively defined as the impaired glucose regulation (hyperglycemia) group, the hearing recovery rate of the normal glucose tolerance (normoglycemia) group was significantly better than that of the impaired glucose regulation group (P =. 038).ConclusionWe suggest that hyperglycemia may be a potential negative prognostic factor for hearing recovery in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Further interventional studies should be followed to determine whether hearing outcomes of the impaired glucose regulation group may be improved to the same extent as those of the normal glucose tolerance group after strict glycemic control.
The Effectiveness of Preventive Programs in Decreasing the Risk of Soccer Injuries in Belgium
Authors: Bollars Peter , Claes Steven , Vanlommel Luc , Van Crombrugge Kris , Corten Kristoff , Bellemans Johan 
Published: January 2014

Background: Although characterized by a relatively high injury rate, soccer is the world’s most popular sport. In Belgium, the national Royal Belgian Football Association involves about 420,000 licensed players, whose injury reports are collected in a nationwide registry. Over a period of 10 years, the association has introduced the Fédération Internationale de Football Association preventive programs and has initiated a stringent postponement policy of competition in case of nonoptimal weather conditions. Hypothesis: The authors questioned whether these preventive programs effectively decreased the incidence of soccer-related injuries. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The authors compared the incidence, location, timing, and severity of all registered soccer injuries in Belgium during 2 complete seasons separated by a decade (1999-2000 vs 2009-2010). Results: A total of 56,364 injuries were reported, with an average of 6.8 injuries per 100 players per season. There was a 21.1% reduction in injury rate in the second season (rate ratio = 0.789; 95% confidence interval, 0.776-0.802), predominantly caused by a significant reduction in injuries during the winter period. In both seasons, an injury peak was noted during the first 3 months of the season. Recreational players had a higher risk for injury than national-level players (7.2 vs 4.4 injuries per 100 players per season; rate ratio = 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.59-1.69). The relative proportion of severe injuries was higher for female players and male youth players in general. Conclusion: The introduction of injury preventive programs has led to a significant reduction of soccer-related injuries, especially during the winter period. However, there is still room for improvement, and preventive programs can become more effective when specific parameters are targeted, such as adequate conditioning of players in the preseason.
Clinical Profiling in Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Filardo Giuseppe , Kon Elizaveta , Andriolo Luca , Di Matteo Berardo , Balboni Federica , Marcacci Maurilio 
Published: January 2014

Background: Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) was developed to overcome the limitations of first-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation. Although short-term/midterm results are now available for a small series of patients, the literature still lacks studies on large cohorts of patients evaluated at midterm/long-term follow-up. Purpose: Not all patients can have the same benefit from this procedure. The aim of this study is to analyze a large cohort of patients treated with hyaluronan-based MACT to perform clinical profiling and to highlight the patient- and lesion-specific aspects that play a key role in determining the prognosis. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 142 patients were treated for lesions involving the femoral condyles and trochleae; 133 knees were followed up yearly for 7 years. The average size of the defects was 2.3 ± 1.0 cm2. The origin was traumatic in 44 cases and degenerative in 57 cases, and 32 knees were affected by osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). The clinical outcome was analyzed using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), EuroQol visual analog scale, and Tegner scores. The influence of the following factors was analyzed: sex, age, body mass index, site, lesion origin, lesion size, previous or combined surgery, and symptom duration. Results: A marked improvement in all scores was found: the IKDC subjective score increased from the basal level of 39.6 ± 14.4 to 71.9 ± 19.8 ( P < .0005) at 12 months; a further improvement was observed at 24 months (77.0 ± 20.5; P < .0005). The results were stable over time up to the 7-year evaluation (77.4 ± 22.1). The failure rate was 10.7%. Better results were seen in the trochleae, and among femoral condyles, the following factors were found to influence the clinical outcome positively: traumatic and OCD origin, male sex, short symptom duration (for traumatic lesions), small lesion size (for OCD), young age, and no previous surgery. Conclusion: Treatment with MACT provides good and stable clinical results. Injury origin, sex, symptom duration, lesion size, lesion site, age, and previous surgery might determine the final outcome and can be used as a sort of clinical profiling to guide the surgeon in the choice of this procedure and in giving realistic expectations to patients requiring cartilage treatment.
Gender and the experience of moral distress in critical care nurses
Authors: O’Connell Christopher B 
Published: January 2014

Background: Nursing practice is complex, as nurses are challenged by increasingly intricate moral and ethical judgments. Inadequately studied in underrepresented groups in nursing, moral distress is a serious problem internationally for healthcare professionals with deleterious effects to patients, nurses, and organizations. Moral distress among nurses has been shown to contribute to decreased job satisfaction and increased turnover, withdrawal from patients, physical and psychological symptoms, and intent to leave current position or to leave the profession altogether. Research question: Do significant gender differences exist in the moral distress scores of critical care nurses? Research design: This study utilized a quantitative, descriptive methodology to explore moral distress levels in a sample of critical care nurses to determine whether gender differences exist in their mean moral distress scores. Participants and research context: Participants ( n = 31) were critical care nurses from an American Internet nursing community who completed the Moral Distress Scale–Revised online over a 5-day period in July 2013. Ethical considerations: Institutional review board review approved the study, and accessing and completing the survey implied informed consent. Findings: The results revealed a statistically significant gender difference in the mean moral distress scores of participants. Females reported statistically significantly higher moral distress scores than did males. Overall, the moral distress scores for both groups were relatively low. Discussion: The findings of a gender difference have not previously been reported in the literature. However, other findings are consistent with previous studies on moral distress. Conclusion: Although the results of this study are not generalizable, they do suggest the need for continuing research on moral distress in underrepresented groups in nursing, including cultural and ethnic groups.
Vocation and altruism in nursing
Authors: Carter Melody 
Published: January 2014

Background: At a time when British nursing has been under scrutiny for an apparent lack of compassion in education and practice, this paper based offers a perspective on the notions of vocation and altruism in nursing. Objectives: To understand the vocational and altruistic motivations of nurses through the application of Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of ‘symbolic capital’, ‘field’ and ‘habitus’ through a long interview with nurse respondents. Research design: A reflexive qualitative study was undertaken using the long interview. A thematic analysis of the data, using a qualitative data software package for analysis, was undertaken. The ideas of Pierre Bourdieu (Habitus, Capital and Field) were used to analyse and explain the content of community nurses' ‘talk’. Participants: Twelve Community Nurses working in a variety of local primary care settings volunteered to participate in the study. It was a self-selecting convenience sample of nurses responding to an invitation to be interviewed. Research context: A study in support of a doctoral thesis conducted within NHS primary care settings with registered nurses. Ethical considerations: The key considerations for this study were to be mindful of the possibility of emotional harm or distress being caused to the respondents during the retelling of their experiences. It was also essential to ensure that the locations or names of patients or staff (if discussed) were anonymised. Ethical approval was sought and granted by both the Local NHS Primary Care and the University Ethics committees before the study commenced. Findings: The nurse respondents had highly individual and at times contradictory views on their motivations to nurse including their views on vocation and altruism in nursing careers. Discussion: Bourdieu's ideas apply well to the nursing context and provided a useful theoretical framework to explore the social and cultural influences on nursing careers. Gender is important consideration in all aspects of nursing but class and educational experience is an important dimension in the stories nurses tell. Conclusion: The culturally determined experiences of these nurses in practice offer an authentic and realistic insight into the complex motives and predispositions of community nurses. This paper argues that nurse motivations whether vocational or altruistic, are better understood as culturally, rather than spiritually, driven.
Symptoms Other Than Pain in Palliative Care in Portugal
Authors: Gonçalves Ferraz , Almeida Ana , Antunes Catarina , Cardoso Maria , Carvalho Margarida , Claro Maria , Coimbra Francisca , Diniz Inês , Fonseca Bruno , Fradique Emília , Gonçalves Edna , Gonçalves Florbela , Gonçalves Maria , Magalhães Américo , Pina Paulo , Pires Conceição , Silva Paula , Silva Ricardo , Silva Rui , Tavares Filipa , Teixeira Laura 
Published: January 2014

Objective: To study the burden of patients’ symptoms other than pain and their treatment by Portuguese palliative care teams. Methods: Of the 21 Portuguese palliative care teams identified, 10 accepted to participate. Data from all patients observed on the 18th week of 2011 were collected. Results: One hundred and sixty-four patients were included in this study. One hundred and fifty-one patients (92%) had cancer. The patients’ median age was 71 years (16-95) and 84 (51%) were females. The main symptoms were fatigue (116 [85%]) and depression/sadness (107 [65%]). Many different drugs were used for symptom control and other aims. Symptoms and drugs used here are similar to those practiced in other countries. Conclusion: The practice of palliative care in Portugal seems to be similar to those in other countries.