bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food availability outweighs ocean acidification effects in juvenile Mytilus edulis: laboratory and field experiments
Authors: Thomsen Jörn , Casties Isabel , Pansch Christian , Körtzinger Arne , Melzner Frank 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOcean acidification is expected to decrease calcification rates of bivalves. Nevertheless, in many coastal areas high pCO2 variability is encountered already today. Kiel Fjord (Western Baltic Sea) is a brackish (12–20 g kg−1) and CO2 enriched habitat, but the blue mussel Mytilus edulis dominates the benthic community. In a coupled field and laboratory study we examined the annual pCO2 variability in this habitat and the combined effects of elevated pCO2 and food availability on juvenile M. edulis growth and calcification. In the laboratory experiment, mussel growth and calcification were found to chiefly depend on food supply, with only minor impacts of pCO2 up to 3350 μatm. Kiel Fjord was characterized by strong seasonal pCO2 variability. During summer, maximal pCO2 values of 2500 μatm were observed at the surface and >3000 μatm at the bottom. However, the field growth experiment revealed seven times higher growth and calcification rates of M. edulis at a high pCO2 inner fjord field station (mean pCO2 ca. 1000 μatm) in comparison to a low pCO2 outer fjord station (ca. 600 μatm). In addition, mussels were able to out‐compete the barnacle Amphibalanus improvisus at the high pCO2 site. High mussel productivity at the inner fjord site was enabled by higher particulate organic carbon concentrations. Kiel Fjord is highly impacted by eutrophication, which causes bottom water hypoxia and consequently high seawater pCO2. At the same time, elevated nutrient concentrations increase the energy availability for filter feeding organisms such as mussels. Thus, M. edulis can dominate over a seemingly more acidification resistant species such as A. improvisus. We conclude that benthic stages of M. edulis tolerate high ambient pCO2 when food supply is abundant and that important habitat characteristics such as species interactions and energy availability need to be considered to predict species vulnerability to ocean acidification.
Settler Colonial Automobilities: A Distinct Constellation of Automobile Cultures?
Authors: Clarsen Georgine , Veracini Lorenzo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA growing body of scholarship employs the concept of ‘automobility’ to understand the practices, meanings and values with which cars have become invested. Analysis of settler colonial phenomena has also recently cohered into a distinctive transnational research strand. This article aims to integrate the findings of these two previously unconnected scholarly agendas in order to ask the following questions: can the existence of a distinct settler colonial form of automobility culture be hypothesised; can a distinct notion of ‘settler colonial automobility’ be construed and profitably compared with other automobility traditions and, if so, what are its key characteristics? Given its inherently composite nature, this article aims to contribute to scholarly debates on both transnational automobilities and on settler colonial phenomena.
Thirteenth and Fourteenth Century European‐Mongol Relations
Authors: Ho Colleen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGrowing recent interest in the Mongol Empire and its Eurasian conquests has led to an increase in scholarship on the Mongols. After the Mongol attacks on Eastern Europe – specifically Russia, Poland, Hungary, and the Balkans – in the 1230s–1240s, Europeans were petrified of the terrifying and unfamiliar invaders. However, at times this initial anxiety waned and even turned to hope for a European alliance with the Mongols against Muslim powers like the Mamlūks of Egypt. This essay briefly summarizes recent major works on medieval European and Mongol relations in the areas of diplomacy, mission, art, and material culture. The author encourages scholars on the Mongol Empire to collaborate across disciplines in an attempt to counteract the difficult multilingual nature of sources on the Mongol Empire. Finally, the essay will show how medieval Eurasian and Mongol studies exemplify topics in history like transnationalism, cross‐cultural exchanges, and intercontinental trade, which are more relevant today in our globalized world than ever.
Effect of frying variables on French fry properties
Authors: Kalogianni Eleni P. , Smith Peter G. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThis work focuses on the effect of frying variables (repeated frying, potato‐to‐oil ratio, potato distribution in the fryer, oil type and potato variety) on French fry properties (water content, oil content, crust thickness and shrinkage). Furthermore, the rate of change in French fry properties during a frying batch is investigated. The temperature was acquired in several positions within the oil and the potato. It was found that when repeated frying was conducted up to regulation limits for frying oil use, the examined French fry properties were not significantly affected. On the contrary, the potato‐to‐oil ratio, potato distribution and potato variety significantly affected the water content of French fries. The most significant changes occurred during the first 1–2 min of a frying batch. According to the temperature measurements, the crust‐core front continued to advance after this first frying period. However, there was no observable crust thickness increase; this was attributed to crust shrinkage.
Nanobiotechnology perspectives. Role of nanotechnology in the food industry: a review
Authors: Durán Nelson , Marcato Priscyla D. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryNanotechnology is becoming increasingly important for the food sector. Promising results and applications are already being developed in the areas of nutrient delivery systems through bioactive nanoencapsulation, biosensors to detect and quantify pathogens organic compounds, other chemicals and food composition alteration, and even edible film to preserve fruit or vegetables. This article reviews the application and the benefits of nanotechnology in different areas of food industry that include bioactive nanoencapsulation, edible thin film, packages and nanosensors. It is possible to conclude from the review that the nanotechnology advances increase the safety and quality of food and mainly decrease the time for pathogen detection.
Influence of pressurised liquid extraction and solid–liquid extraction methods on the phenolic content and antioxidant activities of Irish macroalgae
Authors: Tierney Michelle S. , Smyth Thomas J. , Hayes Maria , Soler‐Vila Anna , Croft Anna K. , Brunton Nigel 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe efficiencies of pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) and a traditional solid–liquid extraction (SLE) at extracting antioxidant polyphenols from Irish macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum, Pelvetia canaliculata, Fucus spiralis and Ulva intestinalis were compared. PLE was more effective for extracting polyphenols with acetone/water (80:20); however, when food‐friendly solvents of ethanol/water (80:20) and water were employed, SLE resulted in higher phenolic content in brown macroalgal extracts. For example, the Fucus spiralis SLE water and ethanol/water extracts displayed total phenolic contents (TPCs) of 130.58 ± 2.78 and 142.81 ± 1.77 μg phloroglucinol equivalents (PGE) mg−1 sample, respectively, compared with TPCs of 90.79 ± 1.16 and 124 ± 6.54 μg PGE mg−1 sample for the corresponding PLE extracts. All SLE aqueous ethanolic macroalgal extracts possessed higher DPPH radical scavenging abilities (RSA) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) than their PLE equivalents. This study indicates that the application of high extraction temperatures (50–200 °C) and pressures (500–3000 psi) used in PLE does not enhance the antioxidant activities of macroalgal extracts relative to SLE extraction. The ability to produce antioxidant food‐friendly macroalgal extracts using SLE could represent significant cost reductions on an industrial scale further enhancing the potential of macroalgal polyphenols to be used in functional food preparations.
Effects of glycerol, sorbitol, xylitol and fructose plasticisers on mechanical and moisture barrier properties of pullulan–alginate–carboxymethylcellulose blend films
Authors: Tong Qunyi , Xiao Qian , Lim Loong‐Tak 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe effects of glycerol, sorbitol, xylitol and fructose plasticisers on water sorption, mechanical properties, water vapour permeability (WVP) and microstructure of pullulan–alginate–carboxymethycellulose (PAC) blend films were investigated. At low plasticiser concentrations (below 7% w/w dry basis), antiplasticisation effect was observed, causing an increase in tensile strength (TS) but a decrease in the equilibrium moisture content. As glycerol concentration increased from 0% to 7%, TS increased from 68.1 to 69.6 MPa, whereas equilibrium moisture contents at 0.84 aw decreased from 0.37 to 0.3 g H2O g−1 dry basis. At higher plasticiser concentrations (14–25% w/w), an opposite trend was observed on the PAC films, resulting in the reduction of TS and elevation of moisture content. Among the four plasticisers tested, the fructose‐plasticised films were the most brittle, showing the highest TS, but had the lowest elongation at break (EAB), WVP and equilibrium moisture content values than films plasticised with other polyols. On the other hand, glycerol resulted in the most flexible film structure, exhibiting opposite materials' properties as compared with the fructose‐plasticised films. For instance, at 25% (w/w) plasticiser concentration, EAB and WVP values of fructose‐plasticised films were 33.5% and 3.48 × 10−6 g m Pa−1 h−1 m−2, which were significantly lower than that of glycerol‐plasticised films (58.6% and 4.86 × 10−6 g m Pa−1 h−1 m−2, respectively). Scanning electron microscopy showed that the plasticised PCA films were less homogeneous and more porous than the unplasticised counterparts, indicating that plasticisers had an effect on the microstructural morphology of the film matrix.
Regional, institutional and individual factors affecting selection of minimally invasive nephroureterectomy in Japan: A national database analysis
Authors: Sugihara Toru , Yasunaga Hideo , Horiguchi Hiromasa , Fujimura Tetsuya , Nishimatsu Hiroaki , Tsuru Nobuo , Kazuo Suzuki , Ohe Kazuhiko , Fushimi Kiyohide , Homma Yukio 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesTo reveal individual, institutional and regional factors affecting selection of minimally invasive nephroureterectomy in Japan.MethodsThe Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database was queried to retrieve cases of nephroureterectomy for pelvic or ureter malignancies carried out between 2007 and 2010. A multivariate logistic regression analysis with variables including age, sex, pre‐existing comorbidities, tumor location, tumor–nodes–metastasis classification, academic status of hospitals, hospital volume, geographic region and year of surgery was modeled to evaluate predictors of carrying out a minimally invasive (including laparoscopic and minimum incision endoscopic) nephroureterectomy.ResultsOverall, 3863 open (58.2%), 2635 laparoscopic (39.7%) and 139 minimum incision endoscopic nephroureterectomy (2.1%) cases from 713 hospitals were identified. The proportion of minimally invasive procedures increased from 35.7% to 48.6%. Minimally invasive nephroureterectomy was the most frequently carried out in the Kinki and Chugoku regions (50.9% and 50.4%, respectively) compared with the least in the Kanto region (31.3%). Multivariate analysis showed that lower Charlson Comorbidity Index, lower tumor–nodes–metastasis stage, academic hospitals, higher operative volume centers, western regions of Japan and later year were independently associated with the use of minimally invasive nephroureterectomy. Age, sex and tumor location were not significant factors.ConclusionsDespite regional and institutional variations, the proportion of minimally invasive nephroureterectomy has gradually increased in Japan. Minimally invasive nephroureterectomy is more likely to be carried out in patients with low tumor stage and low risk at higher volume academic hospitals. Our findings provide fundamental data for future health policies to foster nationwide healthcare uniformity.
Increased apoptosis in osteoclasts and decreased RANKL immunoexpression in periodontium of cimetidine‐treated rats
Authors: Longhini Renata , de Oliveira Priscila Aparecida , de Souza Faloni Ana Paula , Sasso‐Cerri Estela , Cerri Paulo Sérgio 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that histamine interferes with the recruitment, formation and activity of osteoclasts via H1‐ and H2‐receptors. Cimetidine is a H2‐receptor antagonist used for treatment of gastric ulcers that seems to prevent bone resorption. In this study, a possible cimetidine interference was investigated in the number of alveolar bone osteoclasts. The incidence of osteoclast apoptosis and immunoexpression of RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) was also evaluated.Adult male rats were treated with 100 mg kg−1 of cimetidine for 50 days (CimG); the sham group (SG) received saline. Maxillary fragments containing the first molars and alveolar bone were fixed, decalcified and embedded in paraffin. The sections were stained by H&E or submitted to tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) method. TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling) method and immunohistochemical reactions for detecting caspase‐3 and RANKL were performed. The number of TRAP‐positive osteoclasts, the frequency of apoptotic osteoclasts and the numerical density of RANKL‐positive cells were obtained. Osteoclast death by apoptosis was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In CimG, TRAP‐positive osteoclasts with TUNEL‐positive nuclei and caspase‐3‐immunolabeled osteoclasts were found. A significant reduction in the number of TRAP‐positive osteoclasts and a high frequency of apoptotic osteoclasts were observed in CimG. Under TEM, detached osteoclasts from the bone surface showed typical features of apoptosis. Moreover, a significant reduction in the numerical density of RANKL‐positive cells was observed in CimG.The significant reduction in the number of osteoclasts may be due to cimetidine‐induced osteoclast apoptosis. However, RANKL immunoexpression reduction also suggests a possible interference of cimetidine treatment in the osteoclastogenesis.
Predicting patient disposition in a paediatric emergency department
Authors: Bradman Kate , Borland Meredith , Pascoe Elaine 
Published: December 2012

AimThe aim of this study is to directly compare published prediction tools with triage nurse (TN) predictions within a defined paediatric population.MethodA prospective observational study carried out over a week in May 2010 in the Emergency Department (ED) at Princess Margaret Hospital for Children in Perth, Western Australia. TN predicted which patients would be admitted to hospital at the time of ED presentation. Data required for the other prediction tools (paediatric early warning score (PEWS); triage category and the Pediatric Risk of Admission Score (PRISA) and PRISA II were obtained from the notes following the patient's ED attendance.ResultsA total of 1223 patients presented during the study week, 91 patients were excluded and a total of 946 patients (83.6%) had TN predictions and were included in the analysis. TN predictions were compared against a PEWS ≥ 4, triage category 1, 2 and 3, PRISA ≥ 9 and PRISA II ≥ 2. TNs had the highest prediction accuracy (87.7%), followed by an elevated PEWS (82.9%), triage category of 1, 2, or 3 (82.9%). The PRISA and PRISA II score had an accuracy of 80.1% and 79.7%, respectively.ConclusionWhen compared with validated prediction tools, the TN is the most accurate predictor of need to admit. This study provides valuable information in planning efficient flow of patients through the ED.
Twelve‐year review of neonatal deaths in the delivery room in a perinatal tertiary centre
Authors: Tudehope David , Papadimos Emily , Gibbons Kristen 
Published: December 2012

AimTo describe decisions made for babies who died in the delivery room as a result of clinical practice of non‐resuscitation or unsuccessful resuscitation.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted of neonatal deaths (NNDs) ≥ 400 g and/or ≥20 weeks' gestation born at Mater Mothers' Hospitals 1998–2009 who were not admitted to a neonatal nursery. Deaths were divided into not resuscitated and unsuccessful resuscitation and subdivided by cause of death as extremely preterm, congenital abnormality or ‘other’.ResultsOf all 539 NNDs, 217 (40.3%) were not admitted to a neonatal nursery, comprising 174 (80.2%) not resuscitated and 41 (18.9%) unsuccessful resuscitation, while in a further two newborn infants resuscitation was not required. Only 13 of 123 (10.6%) extremely preterm infants who died in the delivery room had resuscitation attempted. Of 77 infants who died from congenital abnormalities in the delivery room 18 (23.3%) had resuscitation attempted. Fifteen babies with other diagnoses died in the delivery room; five with severe intrapartum asphyxia without resuscitation and a further 10 (8 preterm) with Apgar scores of 0–1 at 1 min and ≤3 at 5 min who did not respond to extensive resuscitation.ConclusionsA large proportion of NNDs occurred outside the neonatal nurseries involving end‐of‐life decision‐making. Review of the circumstances of these NNDs in the subcategories of extreme prematurity, congenital abnormalities and ‘other’ raises different management dilemmas with the potential for clinical practice improvement in compassionate care and transparency in decision‐making.
Draft Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus ST672, an Emerging Disease Clone from India
Authors: Khedkar Supriya , Prabhakara Sushma , Loganathan Ramya Malarini , S Chandana , Gowda Malali , Arakere Gayathri , Seshasayee Aswin Sai Narain 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) strain ST672, an emerging disease clone in India, from a septicemia patient. The genome size is about 2.82 Mb with 2,485 open reading frames (ORFs). The staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
(SCC
mec
) element (type V) and immune evasion cluster appear to be different from those of strain ST772 on preliminary examination.
Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium hassiacum DSM 44199, a Rare Source of Heat-Stable Mycobacterial Proteins
Authors: Tiago Igor , Maranha Ana , Mendes Vitor , Alarico Susana , Moynihan Patrick J. , Clarke Anthony J. , Macedo-Ribeiro Sandra , Pereira Pedro J. B. , Empadinhas Nuno 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium hassiacum
is a rapidly growing mycobacterium isolated from human urine and so far the most thermophilic among mycobacterial species. Its thermotolerance and phylogenetic relationship to
M. tuberculosis
render its proteins attractive tools for crystallization and structure-guided drug design. We report the draft genome sequence of
M. hassiacum
DSM 44199.
Genome Sequence of the Human-Pathogenic Bacterium Vibrio vulnificus Type Strain ATCC 27562
Authors: Li Zhaoyun , Chen Huihong , Chen Xianjun , Zhou Tieli , Zhao Lei , Zhang Chunling , Jin Wenyang 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Vibrio vulnificus
, which is the causative agent of cholera, is a Gram-negative, curved, motile, and rod-shaped bacterium. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the type strain, ATCC 27562, which was the first isolated
Vibrio vulnificus
strain.
Genome Sequence of OXA-48 Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae KpO3210
Authors: Wesselink Jan-Jaap , López-Camacho Elena , de la Peña Santiago , Ramos-Ruiz Ricardo , Ruiz-Carrascoso Guillermo , Lusa-Bernal Silvia , Fernández-Soria Victor M. , Gómez-Gil Rosa , Gomez-Puertas Paulino , Mingorance Jesús 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
KpO3210 is a OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing isolate obtained from a blood culture in the context of an outbreak in Hospital Universitario La Paz (Madrid, Spain) in 2010. It belongs to the major clone detected during the outbreak and is resistant to all beta-lactams and to several other antibiotics.
Genome Sequence of Nitratireductor pacificus Type Strain pht-3B
Authors: Lai Qiliang , Li Guizhen , Shao Zongze 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Nitratireductor pacificus
strain pht-3B
T
was isolated from a pyrene-degrading consortium enriched from the deep sea sediment of the Pacific Ocean. Here, we present the draft genome of strain pht-3B
T
, which contains 4,466,205 bp with a G+C content of 65.51% and contains 4,197 protein-coding genes and 46 tRNA genes.
Genome Sequence of Bacillus sp. Strain HYC-10, Isolated from Intestinal Tract Contents from a Marine Fish (Mugil cephalus)
Authors: Lai Qiliang , Liu Yang , Shao Zongze 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Bacillus
sp. strain HYC-10 was isolated with intestinal tract content of a fish,
Mugil cephalus
, captured from the sea close to Xiamen Island, China. Here, we present the draft genome of strain HYC-10, which contains 3,611,918 bp with a G+C content of 41.30% and contains 3,687 protein-coding genes and 33 tRNA genes.
Genomic Analysis of Rickettsia japonica Strain YH
T
Authors: Dong Xin , El Karkouri Khalid , Robert Catherine , Raoult Didier , Fournier Pierre-Edouard 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Rickettsia japonica
strain YH, isolated in 1984 in Japan, is the type strain of
R. japonica
, the tick-borne agent of Japanese spotted fever. Here, we report the 1.33-Mb genome of this rickettsial species.
Genome Sequence of the Human-Pathogenetic Bacterium Vibrio vulnificus B2
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang , Wu Zhan , Xu Shui-Ling , Zha Jia 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Vibrio vulnificus
, which can lead to rapidly expanding cellulitis or septicemia, is present in the marine environment. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of strain B2, which was isolated from a septicemia patient in 2010.