bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entwicklung schlaufenartiger Stahlseilverankerungen in Stahlbetondecken
Authors: Borkowski Gregor , Thoma Karel , Lehmann Rudolf , Müller Franz 
Published: September 2014

AbstractZum Befestigen von Fahrstuhlkomponenten im Bauzustand sowie zur Last‐ und Personensicherung beim Einbau dieser Komponenten sind innerhalb von Fahrstuhlschächten Anschlagspunkte in Betondecken für Sicherungsseile notwendig. Diese Anschlagspunkte werden mit einbetonierten Seilschlaufen aus Edelstahl realisiert. Im folgenden Beitrag wird die Entwicklung dieser Lastschlaufen vorgestellt. Entsprechend den Vorgaben der ETAG001 [1] werden Versuche durchgeführt und daraus ein Bemessungskonzept für die Lastschlaufen hergeleitet. Darauf aufbauend konnte eine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung für die Lastschlaufen beim DIBt erlangt werden.Development of novel steel cable loop anchors for reinforced concrete slabs – Experimental investigations, design conceptDuring the construction of lift shafts, it is necessary to provide anchor points on the concrete slabs. The anchor points are used to attach safety cables, which serve to secure loads such as elevator components and ensure the safety of construction workers. Generally, stainless steel cable loop anchors are used for these anchor points. The development of a novel type of steel cable loop anchor is presented in this article. Experimental investigations according to the requirements of ETAG001 [1] were carried out. In this paper, a design concept is derived from the experimental findings. Based on the presented results, the DIBt granted a national technical approval for the steel cable loop anchors.
Three‐dimensional models of cancer for pharmacology and cancer cell biology: Capturing tumor complexity in vitro/ex vivo
Authors: Hickman John A. , Graeser Ralph , de Hoogt Ronald , Vidic Suzana , Brito Catarina , Gutekunst Matthias , van der Kuip Heiko , IMI PREDECT consortium  
Published: September 2014

AbstractCancers are complex and heterogeneous pathological “organs” in a dynamic interplay with their host. Models of human cancer in vitro, used in cancer biology and drug discovery, are generally highly reductionist. These cancer models do not incorporate complexity or heterogeneity. This raises the question as to whether the cancer models' biochemical circuitry (not their genome) represents, with sufficient fidelity, a tumor in situ. Around 95% of new anticancer drugs eventually fail in clinical trial, despite robust indications of activity in existing in vitro pre‐clinical models. Innovative models are required that better capture tumor biology. An important feature of all tissues, and tumors, is that cells grow in three dimensions. Advances in generating and characterizing simple and complex (with added stromal components) three‐dimensional in vitro models (3D models) are reviewed in this article. The application of stirred bioreactors to permit both scale‐up/scale‐down of these cancer models and, importantly, methods to permit controlled changes in environment (pH, nutrients, and oxygen) are also described. The challenges of generating thin tumor slices, their utility, and potential advantages and disadvantages are discussed. These in vitro/ex vivo models represent a distinct move to capture the realities of tumor biology in situ, but significant characterization work still remains to be done in order to show that their biochemical circuitry accurately reflects that of a tumor.
Titania Nanoparticles Stabilized HPA in SBA‐15 for the Intermolecular Hydroamination of Activated Olefins
Authors: Sawant‐Dhuri Dhanashri , Balasubramanian Veerappan V. , Ariga Katsuhiko , Park Dae‐Hwan , Choy Jin‐Ho , Cha Wang Soo , Al‐deyab Salem S. , Halligudi Shivappa B. , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA liquid phase hydroamination (HA) of α,β‐ethylenic compounds with amines was investigated with TiO2 nanoparticles stabilized 12‐tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) in SBA‐15. The catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation of TPA/TiO2 nanoparticles into the SBA‐15 and calcined at different temperatures. The characterization results reveal that the textural properties and the acidity of the prepared catalysts can be finely controlled with the simple adjustment of the calcination temperature and the structure of the support, decorated with the TiO2 and TPA nanoparticles, was intact even after the modification. The prepared catalysts were investigated for HA of ethyl acrylate with different aromatic and aliphatic amines over a wide range of reaction conditions to optimize the yield and the selectivity of product. It was found that this process is 100 % atom efficient and the catalytic performance depended significantly on the loading of TPA over the catalyst and the calcination temperature. Under optimized reaction conditions, the best catalyst, 15 wt %TPA/22.4 wt %TiO2/SBA‐15 calcined at 1123 K, offered the highest conversion of p‐ethylaniline (70 %) with 100 % chemo‐selectivity to the anti‐Markovnikov product, i.e., the mono‐addition product. The reaction was heterogeneously catalyzed and no contribution from leached TPA into the reaction was observed.
Prediction of Phase Split in Horizontal T‐Junctions: Revisited
Authors: Chakrabarti Dhurjati P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe prediction of liquid–liquid two‐phase flow at a horizontal dividing T‐junction is re‐investigated, focusing on a stratified orientation of the liquids. Kerosene (as oil) and water as the test fluids of previous studies are used to predict the distribution of oil and water in a 0.025‐m diameter pipe and tee. In addition to the previously studied models, attempts are made to predict the split for liquid–liquid systems by the already known energy minimization. The earlier model, formulated from geometrical considerations and force balance resulting from centripetal as well as inertial forces, is refurbished by the addition of energy minimization for the calculation of phase depth.
Automatic Low‐Cost Method to Determine the Solubility of Liquid‐Liquid Mixtures by Continuous‐Flow Cloud Point Titration
Authors: Williamson Andrew P. , Kiefer Johannes 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA low‐cost, accurate, and fast technique to determine the solubility of liquid‐liquid mixtures by continuous cloud point titration is demonstrated. A light‐emitting diode (LED) is employed to illuminate the mixing liquids during the continuous‐flow titration process, and the transmitted light as well as Mie scattering from droplets is monitored using a simple webcam image sensor. The time‐resolved evolution of the signal allows the determination of the solubility. In order to prove the concept and to evaluate its accuracy and reproducibility, experimental results from the binary systems butan‐1‐ol/water and pentan‐1‐ol/water are presented and compared with literature data. The entire setup can be realized with a low investment and delivers results virtually identical to those in literature with established techniques. The approach is suitable for academic and industrial, but due to its simplicity also for educational purposes.
Design and Simulation of a Green Chromate Compound Production Process
Authors: Song Jing , Qu Jing‐Kui , Liu Jing‐Cong , Ma Fei , Qi Tao 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA green process for the production of chromate compounds from chromite ore was simulated using process simulation software. Firstly, the phase equilibria of the KOH‐K2CrO4‐H2O system were investigated to determine the feasible operating conditions for the separation of K2CrO4 from the KOH alkaline solution. The green process model of chromate production was developed and three cases with different concentrations of alkali solution were simulated based on several assumptions. The mass and energy balances in the three cases were simulated, showing that the energy consumption of the evaporation unit is the largest in the whole process. The simulation results provide important information for the implementation of this green chromate production process.
Three‐Dimensional Tin Nanoparticles Embedded in Carbon Nanotubes on Carbon Cloth as a Flexible Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ren Weina , Kong Dezhi , Cheng Chuanwei 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWith the development of flexible electronic devices, the research on flexible storage devices has received considerable attention. In this paper, we designed novel tin nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon nanotubes (TNEC) arrays on carbon cloth prepared by a facile carbon reduction route as a flexible anode for lithium‐ion batteries. The TNEC electrode shows a high areal capacity (2.15 mAh cm−2) when the current density is 0.1 mA cm−2, Meanwhile, a good cycling performance (84 % of initial capacity) is achieved after 80 charge–discharge cycles, which could be attributed to the high theoretical capacity of metal tin and the tin encapsulated in carbon nanotubes structure that improves the electrical conductivity and structure stability.
CHR‐Insertion (RH, CH3) into Cyclohexyl‐Substituted Silsesquioxanes: Reactivity and Decomposition Studies
Authors: Ward Antony J. , Lesic Rebecca A. , Fisher Keith , Proschogo Nicholas , Fábos Viktória , Masters Anthony F. , Maschmeyer Thomas 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAmorphous silica plays an important role in heterogeneous catalysis as a support and is frequently presumed to be “inert”. The structure of the supported catalyst is key to understanding the stability and reactivity of catalytic systems. To provide vital insights into the surface reactivity of silica, Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) can act as realistic homogeneous molecular models for silica surfaces. Here, we report novel reactivities associated with the silica surface, derived from our insights obtained by means of such model systems with potentially significant implications in catalysis when employing silica‐supported catalysts. In this work, the gas‐phase reactivities of two cyclohexyl‐substituted POSSs, namely the completely condensed triganol prism [Si6cy6O9] (a6b0), and the incompletely‐condensed partial cube [Si7cy7O9(OH)3] (a7b3), with cy=c‐C6H11, were studied by using atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) and collision‐induced decomposition (CID) spectroscopies. Silsesquioxane a6b0, containing three‐membered rings, was found to be much more reactive, undergoing novel CH2‐insertion on reaction with gas phase molecules—a reaction not observed for a7b3, containing only four‐membered rings. Both silsesquioxanes displayed the ability to trap ammonia formed in situ within the mass spectrometer from N2 in the instrument. This work also demonstrates the applicability of APCI and the role of CID in elucidating reactive POSS structures, highlighting novel gas‐phase reactivities of POSS.
Artificial Neural Networks for Guest Chirality Classification through Supramolecular Interactions
Authors: Granda Jarosław M. , Jurczak Janusz 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA novel strategy for classification of guest chirality based on the combination of artificial neural networks and anion‐receptor chemistry is reported. The receptor reported herein forms supramolecular complexes with a variety of biologically important carboxylates, in which the chemical shift changes during addition of anions result in complex guest‐stereochemistry‐dependent patterns as followed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The neural network had learnt these patterns from a training set of 12 anions, and successfully identified the “unknown” chirality of 14 guests present in the test set. Additionally, principal component analysis could discriminate most of the guests studied (26) and allowed for identification of the receptor protons, which are responsible for information transfer of guest chirality.
Out‐of‐core macromolecular simulations on multithreaded architectures
Authors: Aliaga José I. , Badía José M. , Castillo Maribel , Davidović Davor , Mayo Rafael , Quintana‐Ortí Enrique S. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryWe address the solution of large‐scale eigenvalue problems that appear in the motion simulation of complex macromolecules on multithreaded platforms, consisting of multicore processors and possibly a graphics processor (graphics processing unit). In particular, we compare specialized implementations of several high‐performance eigensolvers that, by relying on disk storage and out‐of‐core techniques, can in principle tackle the large memory requirements of these biological problems, which in general do not fit into the main memory of current desktop machines. All these out‐of‐core eigensolvers, except for one, are composed of compute‐bound (i.e., arithmetically intensive) operations, which we accelerate by exploiting the performance of current multicore processors and, in some cases, by additionally off‐loading certain parts of the computation to a graphics processing unit accelerator. One of the eigensolvers is a memory‐bound algorithm, which strongly constrains its performance when the data is on disk. However, this method exhibits a much lower arithmetic cost compared with its compute‐bound alternatives for this particular application. Experimental results on a desktop platform, representative of current server technology, illustrate the potential of these methods to address the simulation of biological activity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energetics of Spinels in the FeTiO System at the Nanoscale
Authors: Lilova Kristina I. , Pearce Carolyn I. , Rosso Kevin M. , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe energetics of nanosized Fe/Ti spinel oxides was studied using high‐temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry. The mixing properties of the solid solution in the system were obtained, and through comparison to macroscopic materials the effect of particle size on the thermodynamics was assessed. The surface energies of the nanosized materials are similar within the errors regardless of the composition, and are consistent with those determined for other spinels. The enthalpies of oxidation to hematite plus rutile of the iron titanium spinels follow a linear trend with the Fe2+ content, which allows them to be calculated for any composition or particle size. The heat of formation of the macroscopic and nanosized titanomagnetites was fit as a polynomial function and the numerical coefficients are presented. The enthalpies of mixing in the titanomagnetite and titanomaghemite solid solutions are similar at the macroscopic and nanoscale.
Aminosilanes Grafted to Basic Alumina as CO2 Adsorbents—Role of Grafting Conditions on CO2 Adsorption Properties
Authors: Bali Sumit , Leisen Johannes , Foo Guo Shiou , Sievers Carsten , Jones Christopher W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSolid oxide‐supported amine sorbents for CO2 capture are amongst the most rapidly developing classes of sorbent materials for CO2 capture. Herein, basic γ supports are used as hosts for amine sites through the grafting of 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane to the alumina surface under a variety of conditions, yielding the expected surface‐grafted alkylamine groups, as demonstrated by FTIR spectroscopy and 29Si and 13C cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning (CPMAS NMR) spectroscopy. Grafting amine sites on the surface in the presence of water leads to a high density of amine sites on the surface whereas simultaneously creating a unique type of aluminum species on the surface, as demonstrated by both 1D and 2D 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy. The thus prepared sorbents result in higher CO2 adsorption capacities and amine efficiencies compared to sorbents prepared in the absence of water or similar amine loading sorbents prepared using silica supports. In situ FTIR spectra of the sorbents exposed to CO2 at various pressures show no distinct difference in the nature of the adsorbed CO2 species on alumina‐ versus silica‐supported amines, whereas water adsorption isotherms show that the improved performance of the amine‐grafted alumina support is not a consequence of retained water on the more hydrophobic aminoalumina materials. The findings demonstrate that amine‐grafted, basic alumina materials can be tuned to be more efficient than the corresponding silica‐supported materials at comparable amine loadings, further demonstrating that the properties of amine sites can be tuned by controlling or adjusting the support surface properties.
Synthesis of exo‐Enamides from Protected Lactams Using a Modified Julia Olefination Reaction: Application to the Synthesis of Spiroaminal Fragments
Authors: Gigant Nicolas , Habib Samuel , Medoc Marie , Goekjian Peter G. , Gueyrard David , Gillaizeau Isabelle 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA modified Julia olefination (Julia–Kocienski) reaction involving lactams has been developed, which gives the corresponding substituted exo‐enamides in moderate to good yields. An application of this versatile transformation in the synthesis of spiroaminal fragments is also demonstrated.
Ferrocenes Bearing Highly Extended π Systems with Nitrile, Nitro, and Dimethylamino End Groups
Authors: Krauße Nico , Butenschön Holger 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOligophenylene‐ethynylenes are a popular class of molecular wires for molecular electronics. Replacement of some, not all, of the 1,4‐phenylene units by 1,1′‐ferrocenylene moieties generates less rigid entities with a limited conformational flexibility. Within this concept, the syntheses of some 1,1′‐disubstituted ferrocenes that bear arylethynyl or 4‐(arylethynyl)phenyl substituents is presented. In contrast to related compounds with sulfur end groups that were prepared previously, the versions presented here have nitrile end groups, which, according to reported precedence, may serve as points of attachment to gold surfaces. A crystal structure analysis of an unusual diferrocenylethyne derivative is included. In addition, one representative with a push‐pull disubstitution that has a nitro and a dimethylamino end group is presented. Many of the prepared compounds have been characterized by cyclic voltammetry.
GEMAS: Prediction of solid-solution partitioning coefficients (Kd) for cationic metals in soils using mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Janik Leslie J. , Forrester Sean T. , Soriano-Disla José M. , Kirby Jason K. , McLaughlin Michael J. , Reimann Clemens ,   The GEMAS Project Team
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models, using mid-infrared (MIR) diffuse reflectance Fourier-transformed (DRIFT) spectra, were used to predict distribution coefficient (Kd) values for selected added soluble metal cations (Ag+, Co2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sn4+, and Zn2+) in 4813 soils of the Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural Soils (GEMAS) program. For the development of the PLSR models, approximately 500 representative soils were selected based on the spectra, and Kd values were determined using a single-point soluble metal or radioactive isotope spike. The optimum models, using a combination of MIR–DRIFT spectra and soil pH, resulted in good predictions for log Kd+1 for Co, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn (R2 ≥ 0.83) but poor predictions for Ag, Cu, and Sn (R2 &lt; 0.50). These models were applied to the prediction of log Kd+1 values in the remaining 4313 unknown soils. The PLSR models provide a rapid and inexpensive tool to assess the mobility and potential availability of selected metallic cations in European soils. Further model development and validation will be needed to enable the prediction of log Kd+1 values in soils worldwide with different soil types and properties not covered in the existing model. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;9999:1–11. © 2014 SETAC
Carnosic acid induces autophagic cell death through inhibition of the Akt/mTOR pathway in human hepatoma cells
Authors: Gao Qilong , Liu Huaimin , Yao Yamin , Geng Liang , Zhang Xinfeng , Jiang Lifeng , Shi Bian , Yang Feng 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe therapeutic goal of cancer treatment is now geared towards triggering tumour‐selective cell death with autophagic cell death being required for the chemotherapy of apoptosis‐resistant cancer. In this study, Carnosic acid (CA), a polyphenolic diterpene isolated from Rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis), significantly induced autophagic cell death in HepG2 cells. Ca treatment caused the formation of autophagic vacuoles produced an increasing ratio of LC3‐II to LC3‐I in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner but had no effect on the levels of autophagy‐related protein ATG6 and ATG13 expression. Autophagy inhibitors, 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA), chloroquine and bafilomycin A1, or ATG genes silencing in HepG2 cells significantly inhibited CA‐induced autophagic cell death. The CA treatment decreased the levels of phosphorylated Akt and mTOR without any effects on PI3K or PTEN. Most importantly, overexpression of Akt and knockdown of PTEN attenuated autophagy induction in CA‐treated cells. Taken together, our results indicated that CA induced autophagic cell death through inhibition of the Akt/mTOR pathway in human hepatoma cells. These findings suggest that CA has a great potential for the treatment of hepatoma via autophagic induction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonographic visualization of bleeding sites can help control postpartum hemorrhage using intrauterine balloon tamponade
Authors: Kondoh Eiji , Konishi Mitsunaga , Kariya Yoshitaka , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIdentification of precise bleeding sites is generally important to control hemorrhage. Nevertheless, the optimal technique to detect the bleeding sites has not yet been fully defined for patients with life‐threatening post partum hemorrhage. We describe that ultrasonographic visualization of bleeding sites can help control post partum hemorrhage using intrauterine balloon tamponade. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:23–25, 2015
Positive hepatitis B virus core antibody in HIV infection—false positive or evidence of previous infection?
Authors: Pallawela S. N. S. , Sonnex C. , Mabayoje D. , Bloch E. , Chaytor S. , Johnson M. A. , Carne C. , Webster D. P. 
Published: September 2014

Isolated HBV core antibody (anti‐HBc) is defined as the presence of anti‐HBc with a negative HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV surface antibody (anti‐HBs <10 IU/l). In patients infected with HIV with isolated anti‐HBc, the aim was to determine:

The prevalence of isolated positive anti‐HBc;
The most effective method of identifying which patients have had previous Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection;
The prevalence of false positive anti‐HBc.
HBV serology results were identified from 539 patients infected with HIV sampled between January 2010 and December 2012. In those with an isolated anti‐HBc and negative anti‐HBe, a second anti‐HBc test was carried out using a different assay. Samples were also screened for HBV DNA. The anti‐retroviral regimens at time of screening were documented. 101/539 had an isolated anti‐HBc. Of these, 32 (32%) had a positive anti‐HBe (including 1 equivocal) and 69(68%) were anti‐HBe negative. Of those negative for anti‐HBe, 32 were tested for both DNA and a second anti‐HBc. Of these 26 (81%) were on cART at time of HBV testing, with 25 (78%) on ART with anti‐HBV activity. The prevalence of isolated anti‐HBc was 19%. Only 32% were also anti‐HBe positive, whereas 97% of those anti‐HBe negative were positive on a second anti‐HBc assay suggesting lack of utility of anti‐HBe in resolving serological quandaries. One subject (3%) had a false positive anti‐HBc. There was no evidence of chronic HBV but 78% patients were on HBV‐suppressive combination anti‐retroviral therapy. J. Med. Virol. 87:208–212, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.