bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective, Multicenter Study of the AIMS65 Score Compared With the Glasgow-Blatchford Score in Predicting Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Outcomes
Authors: Abougergi Marwan S. , Charpentier Joseph P. , Bethea Emily , Rupawala Abbas , Kheder Joan , Nompleggi Dominic , Liang Peter , Travis Anne C. , Saltzman John R. 
Published: August 2015

Background:
The AIMS65 score and the Glasgow-Blatchford risk score (GBRS) are validated preendoscopic risk scores for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH).

Goals:
To compare the 2 scores’ performance in predicting important outcomes in UGIH.

Study:
A prospective cohort study in 2 tertiary referral centers and 1 community teaching hospital. Adults with UGIH were included. The AIMS65 score and GBRS were calculated for each patient. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality, in-hospital rebleeding, 30-day rebleeding, length of stay, and a composite endpoint of in-hospital mortality, transfusions, or need for intervention (endoscopic, radiologic, or surgical treatment). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated for each score and outcome.

Results:
A total of 298 patients were enrolled. The AIMS65 score was superior to the GBRS in predicting in-hospital mortality (AUROC, 0.85 vs. 0.66; P<0.01) and length of stay (Somer’s D, 0.21 vs. 0.13; P=0.04). The scores were similar in predicting 30-day mortality (AUROC, 0.74 vs. 0.65; P=0.16), in-hospital rebleeding (AUROC, 0.69 vs. 0.62; P=0.19), 30-day rebleeding (AUROC, 0.63 vs. 0.63; P=0.90), and the composite outcome (AUROC, 0.57 vs. 0.59; P=0.49). The optimal cutoffs for predicting in-hospital mortality were an AIMS65 score of 3 and a GBRS score of 10. For predicting rebleeding, the optimal cutoffs were 2 and 10, respectively.

Conclusions:
The AIMS65 score is superior to the GBRS for predicting in-hospital mortality and hospital length of stay for patients with UGIH. The AIMS65 score and GBRS are similar in predicting 30-day mortality, rebleeding, and a composite endpoint.
Repeated Screening Can Be Restricted to At‐Genetic‐Risk Birth Cohorts
Authors: Björck Sara , Lynch Kristian , Brundin Charlotte , Agardh Daniel 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Celiac disease (CD) is associated with tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGAs) in individuals carrying the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk haplotypes DQA1*05:01‐DQB1*02:01 (DQ2) and/or DQA1*03:01‐DQB1*03:02 (DQ8). The aim of the study was to identify CD in an HLA‐genotyped birth cohort prospectively screened for CD.Methods:In the initial screening, 13,860 HLA‐DQ–genotyped children were invited, of whom 3435/13,860 (25%) accepted participation. Of the 3435, 1620 (47%) carried DQ2 and/or DQ8, of whom 73 (4.5%) were tTGA positive assessed in radioligand‐binding assays and 56 (3.5%) developed CD. At age 9 years, 13,024 children from the original cohort were re‐invited to follow‐up screening using the same study protocol and tTGA assays as in the first screening. Diagnosis of CD was confirmed by intestinal biopsy in children with persistent tTGA.Results:In the follow‐up screening, 1910/4077 (46.8%) carried DQ2 and/or DQ8, of whom 79/1910 (4.1%) were persistently tTGA positive and 72/1907 (3.8%) developed CD. Only 1/2167 (0.05%) child without HLA risk was IgG‐tTGA positive, but did not have CD. Of the 980/1910 (51%) children carrying DQ2 and/or DQ8 who were already screened at 3 years of age, 30/979 (3.1%) were diagnosed as new patients at 9 years of age, compared with 42/928 (4.5%) children who did not participate in the initial screening (P = 0.094).Conclusions:Screening for CD can be restricted to children carrying HLA‐DQ2 and/or DQ8. Repeated screening using tTGA is necessary to identify new patients by 9 years of age. These findings may be relevant when considering implementing screening of the general population.
Maintenance of Pain in Children With Functional Abdominal Pain
Authors: Czyzewski Danita I. , Self Mariella M. , Williams Amy E. , Weidler Erica M. , Blatz Allison M. , Shulman Robert J. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:A significant proportion of children with functional abdominal pain develop chronic pain. Identifying clinical characteristics predicting pain persistence is important in targeting interventions. We examined whether child anxiety and/or pain‐stooling relations were related to maintenance of abdominal pain frequency and compared the predictive value of 3 methods for assessing pain‐stooling relations (ie, diary, parent report, child report).Methods:Seventy‐six children (7–10 years old at baseline) who presented for medical treatment of functional abdominal pain were followed up 18 to 24 months later. Baseline anxiety and abdominal pain‐stooling relations based on pain and stooling diaries and child‐ and parent questionnaires were examined in relationship to the persistence of abdominal pain frequency.Results:Children's baseline anxiety was not related to persistence of pain frequency. Children who, however, displayed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms at baseline maintained pain frequency at follow‐up, whereas in children in whom there was no relationship between pain and stooling, pain frequency decreased. Pain and stool diaries and parent report of pain‐stooling relations were predictive of pain persistence but child‐report questionnaires were not.Conclusions:The presence of IBS symptoms in school‐age children with functional abdominal pain appears to predict persistence of abdominal pain over time, whereas anxiety does not. Prospective pain and stooling diaries and parent report of IBS symptoms were predictors of pain maintenance, but child report of symptoms was not.
Normal Growth and Essential Fatty Acid Status in Children With Intestinal Failure on Lipid Limitation
Authors: Lam Gillian , Strogach Irina G. , Baron Nicole , Thompson John F. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Lipid limitation, that is, ≤1 g · kg−1 · day−1 of soy oil lipid emulsion (SOLE), has been suggested as a method to reduce the risk of intestinal failure (IF)–associated liver disease (IFALD). There are limited data as to the effects of this strategy on growth and essential fatty acid (EFA) status. The aim of the study was to assess growth, prevalence of cholestasis, and EFA deficiency in patients with IF who were provided daily SOLE at a dose ≤1 g · kg−1 · day−1.Methods:Medical records were retrospectively reviewed from 9 patients age 16 months to 8 years who had IF requiring parenteral nutrition support for >12 months. Parenteral nutrition supplied a mean of 53% of total energy (range 24%–86%).Results:Mean SOLE dose was 0.61 g · kg−1 · day−1 (range 0.4–0.81 g · kg−1 · day−1). After 1 month of lipid limitation between 2011 and 2014, no patient developed IFALD as defined by a direct bilirubin >2 mg/dL. The median direct bilirubin was 0.1 mg/dL (range 0.075–0.85 mg/dL). No patient developed EFA deficiency as defined by a triene‐to‐tetraene ratio >0.2 (median 0.026, range 0.017–0.076). Height z scores increased from mean of −2.568 (range −10.8 to 0.878) to −0.484 (range −3.546 to 0.822). Weight z scores increased from mean of −1.412 (range −5.871 to 0.906) to −0.595 (range −2.178 to 0.926).Conclusions:In this case series, lipid limitation allowed normal growth while preventing the development of cholestasis and EFA deficiency.
Prevalence and Health Outcomes of Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Infants From Birth to 12 Months of Age
Authors: Vandenplas Yvan , Abkari Abdelhak , Bellaiche Marc , Benninga Marc , Chouraqui Jean Pierre , Çokura FügenÇullu , Harb Tracy , Hegar Badriul , Lifschitz Carlos , Ludwig Thomas , Miqdady Mohamed , de Morais Mauro Batista , Osatakul Seksit , Salvatore Silvia , Shamir Raanan , Staiano Annamaria , Szajewska Hania , Thapar Nikhil 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to review published evidence and the opinion of practising clinicians on the prevalence and long‐term health consequences of functional gastrointestinal symptoms in infants younger than 12 months.Methods:PubMed was searched from inception to November 2014 to find articles reporting the prevalence and long‐term health outcomes of infantile colic, regurgitation, functional constipation, functional diarrhoea, and dyschezia in infants younger than <12 months. A questionnaire was sent to practising clinicians worldwide, and a group of 15 international experts met to discuss the likely frequency and longer‐term consequences of these symptoms.Results:The literature search identified 30 studies reporting the prevalence of infantile colic (2%–73%), 13 that of regurgitation (3%–87%), 8 that of functional constipation (0.05%–39.3%), 2 that of functional diarrhoea (2%–4.1%), and 3 that of dyschezia (0.9%–5.6%). The studies varied in design, populations investigated, and definition of the symptoms. Questionnaires were received from 369 respondents. The experts agreed that the likely prevalences for colic, regurgitation, and functional constipation were 20%, 30%, and 15%, respectively. The limited data in the literature for functional diarrhoea and dyschezia suggest prevalences <10%. Infantile colic may be associated with future health problems in a subset of infants.Conclusions:Functional gastrointestinal symptoms appear to occur in a significant proportion of infants younger than 12 months and may have an impact on future health outcomes. Prospective collection of data according to agreed criteria is needed to obtain more accurate estimates of the prevalence and consequences of these symptoms.
Microbiome–Epigenome Interactions and the Environmental Origins of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Fofanova Tatiana Y. , Petrosino Joseph F. , Kellermayer Richard 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, has risen alarmingly in the Western and developing world in recent decades. Epidemiologic (including monozygotic twin and migrant) studies highlight the substantial role of environment and nutrition in IBD etiology. Here we review the literature supporting the developmental and environmental origins hypothesis of IBD. We also provide a detailed exploration of how the human microbiome and epigenome (primarily through DNA methylation) may be important elements in the developmental origins of IBD in both children and adults.
Timing of Cholecystectomy in Children With Biliary Pancreatitis
Authors: Lin Tom K. , Palermo Joseph J. , Nathan Jaimie D. , Tiao Gregory M. , Hornung Lindsey N. , Fei Lin , Abu‐El‐Haija Maisam 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTBackground:Biliary pancreatitis (BP) is common in adults and children. Current standard of care is to perform a cholecystectomy (CCE) to decrease the recurrence risk of pancreatitis. Controversy exists as to the timing of surgery, early versus delayed surgical intervention. Adult literature suggests a greater benefit of early CCE. Comparatively, there is limited pediatric literature as to the optimal timing of a CCE in children. We report a retrospective case series of children with BP who underwent early versus late CCE.Methods:A retrospective chart review was performed of children with BP for a period of 45 months. Reviewed information included patient demographics, timing of CCE, and the occurrence of adverse events preceding or following surgical intervention. Early CCE was defined as surgery during the index admission; late CCE was defined as surgery during a subsequent admission.Results:Nineteen children and adolescents (17 girls) were identified to have had BP with a subsequent CCE. Cholecystectomy was performed early in 9 patients with no adverse events. Ten patients had delayed surgery with 4 occurrences of adverse clinical events (recurrence of pancreatitis or biliary colic abdominal pain) while awaiting their CCE.Conclusions:Adverse biliary‐related events occur at a higher rate in children with mild BP who undergo a delayed CCE when compared to early CCE performance. Early CCE is safe to perform in children with mild BP.
Development and Validation of a Rome III Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Questionnaire for Infants and Toddlers
Authors: van Tilburg Miranda A.L. , Rouster Audra , Silver David , Pellegrini Gerard , Gao John , Hyman Paul E. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjective:Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in infants and toddlers are common, but no questionnaire is available for use in clinic and research. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a questionnaire assessing symptoms associated with FGIDs in infants and toddlers.Methods:Questions were developed based on the Rome III diagnostic criteria for FGIDs. A group of parents of children with FGIDs and experts in FGID reviewed the questionnaire for content, understandability, and completeness (face validity). Initial content validity was established by comparing physician and questionnaire diagnoses in a group of 332 consecutive new patients at a tertiary care clinic.Results:Ten parents and 8 experts identified no major problems, indicating good face validity. Of 332 consecutive new patients, age 1 month to 4 year of age, 172 subjects (52% of the sample) qualified for a FGID by parent responses to the questionnaire (mean age = 1.23 year, 53% girls). All of these subjects also received an FGID diagnosis by their physician. Agreement between parent and doctor was fair to substantial (κ = 0.18–0.76), except for infant rumination and functional diarrhea in infants, which showed poor overlap.Conclusions:The newly developed Rome III questionnaire for infants and toddlers had good initial face and content validity. This questionnaire will be an important addition to clinical care and research of infant/toddler FGIDs. Replication of these findings in primary care is needed.
Impact of an Institutional Guideline on the Care of Neonates at Risk for Herpes Simplex Virus in the Emergency Department
Authors: Ahmad Fahd A. , Storch Gregory A. , Miller Aaron S. 
Published: August 2015

Background and Objectives
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is rare in neonates but carries significant morbidity and mortality in that group. Emergency department (ED) clinicians have little guidance to decide when to test for HSV and give acyclovir. We created an institutional guideline to provide guidance in patients younger than 6 weeks. Our objective was to evaluate whether guideline implementation affected the ED's decision to test for HSV, and ED use of HSV polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) and acyclovir.

Methods
We reviewed charts for patients 1 year before implementation and 1 year after implementation of our guideline. Inclusion criteria were younger than 60 days, admitted through the ED, symptom onset younger than 6 weeks, and any one of the following criteria: (1) ED blood culture obtained, (2) ED or inpatient HSV PCR obtained, and (3) ED or inpatient acyclovir treatment. Premature patients and transfer patients were excluded. We compared whether the decision to initiate HSV testing, ED use of HSV PCRs, serum alanine aminotransferase, and acyclovir use changed post-guideline implementation.

Results
We reviewed 173 charts pre-implementation and 129 post-implementation. We found a significant decrease in ED testing for HSV among patients who did not meet guideline criteria (P < 0.01). We saw an improvement in the use of alanine aminotransferase among patients who met criteria for testing (P = 0.02), but no change in the use of HSV PCRs or acyclovir use among tested patients.

Conclusions
Guideline implementation reduced HSV evaluations in low-risk patients, but did not improve test utilization or acyclovir administration among those tested. Additional work is needed to improve guideline utilization.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound for the Detection of Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Infants
Authors: McCormick Taylor , Chilstrom Mikaela , Childs Jeannine , McGarry Ryan , Seif Dina , Mailhot Thomas , Perera Phillips , Kang Tarina , Claudius Ilene 
Published: August 2015

Objectives
Computed tomography is the criterion standard imaging modality to detect intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in children and infants after closed head injury, but its use can be limited by patient instability, need for sedation, and risk of ionizing radiation exposure. Cranial ultrasound is used routinely to detect intraventricular hemorrhage in neonates. We sought to determine if point-of-care (POC) cranial ultrasound performed by emergency physicians can detect traumatic ICH in infants.

Methods
Infants with ICH diagnosed by computed tomography were identified. For every infant with an ICH, 2 controls with symptoms and diagnoses unrelated to head trauma were identified. Point-of-care cranial ultrasound was performed by an emergency physician on all patients, and video clips were recorded. Two ultrasound fellowship-trained emergency physicians, blinded to the patients' diagnosis and clinical status, independently reviewed the ultrasound clips and determined the presence or absence of ICH.

Results
Twelve patients were included in the study, 4 with ICH and 8 controls. Observer 1 identified ICH with 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 40%–100%) and 100% specificity (95% CI, 60%–100%). Observer 2 identified ICH with 50% sensitivity (95% CI, 9%–98%) and 87.5% specificity (95% CI, 47%–99%). Agreement between observers was 75%, κ = 0.4 (P = 0.079; 95% CI, 0–0.95).

Conclusions
Traumatic ICH can be identified with POC cranial ultrasound by ultrasound fellowship-trained emergency physicians. Although variations between observers and wide confidence intervals preclude drawing meaningful conclusions about sensitivity and specificity from this sample, these results support the need for further investigation into the role of POC cranial ultrasound.
Pollen contaminated with field-relevant levels of cyhalothrin affects honey bee survival, nutritional physiology, and pollen consumption behavior
Authors: Dolezal Adam G , Carrillo-Tripp Jimena , Miller W. Allen , Bonning Bryony C. , Toth Amy L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHoney bees are exposed to a variety of environmental stressors that impact their health, including nutritional stress, pathogens, and chemicals in the environment. In particular, there has been increasing evidence that sublethal exposure to pesticides can cause subtle, yet important effects on honey bee health and behavior. Here, we add to this body of knowledge by presenting data on bee-collected pollen containing sublethal levels of cyhalothrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, which, when fed to young honey bees, results in significant changes in lifespan, nutritional physiology, and behavior. For the first time, we show that when young, nest-aged bees are presented with pollen containing field-relevant levels of cyhalothrin, they reduce their consumption of contaminated pollen. This indicates that, at least for some chemicals, young bees are able to detect contamination in pollen and change their behavioral response, even if the contamination levels do not prevent foraging honey bees from collecting the contaminated pollen.
Why cancer cells have a more hyperpolarised mitochondrial membrane potential and emergent prospects for therapy
Authors: Forrest Michael D 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCancer cells have a more hyperpolarised mitochondrial membrane potential (ΨIM) than normal cells. ΨIM= ∼−220 mV in cancer cells as compared to ∼−140 mV in normal cells. Until now it has not been known why. This paper explains this disparity, in a mathematical framework, and identifies molecular targets and operations unique to cancer cells. These are thence prospective cancer drug targets. BMS-199264 is proposed as an anti-cancer drug. It inhibits the reverse, proton-pumping mode of ATP synthase, which this paper identifies as crucial to cancer cells but not to healthy, normal adult cells. In the cancer cell model, the adenine nucleotide exchanger (ANT) is inversely orientated in the mitochondrial inner membrane as compared to normal cells. This predicts it to have a different drug interaction profile, which can be leveraged for cancer therapy. Uncouplers, which dissipate the proton motive force, are proposed as anti-cancer medicines e.g. 2,4-dinitrophenol.
A transient ischemic environment induces reversible compaction of chromatin
Authors: Kirmes Ina , Szczurek Aleksander , Prakash Kirti , Charapitsa Iryna , Heiser Christina , Musheev Michael , Schock Florian , Fornalczyk Karolina , Ma Dongyu , Birk Udo , Cremer Christoph , Reid George 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe environmental effects of ischemia on chromatin nanostructure were evaluated using single molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM) of DNA binding dyes. Short-term oxygen and nutrient deprivation (OND) of the cardiomyocyte cell-line HL-1induces a previously undescribed chromatin architecture, consisting of large, chromatin sparse voids interspersed between DNA-dense hollow helicoid structures of the order of 40 to 700 nm in dimension. OND induced chromatin compaction is reversible, and upon restitution of normoxia and nutrients, chromatin transiently adopts a significantly more open structure than in untreated cells. We show that this compacted state of chromatin reduces transcription, while the open chromatin structure following recovery has a higher transcriptional rate than in untreated cells. Digestion of chromatin with DNAseI and DNA binding dye loading assays confirm that OND induces compaction of chromatin and a general redistribution of chromatin to the nuclear periphery. Mechanistically, chromatin compaction is associated with a depletion of intracellular ATP and a redistribution of the cellular polyamine pool into the nucleus. Additionally, Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) shows that core histones are not displaced from compacted chromatin and that the mobility of linker histone H1 is considerably reduced by OND treatment, to an extent that far exceeds the difference in histone H1 mobility between heterochromatin and euchromatin. These studies exemplify the dynamic capacity of chromatin architecture to physically respond to environmental conditions, directly link cellular energy status to chromatin compaction and provide insight into the effect ischemia has on the nuclear architecture of cells.
The marbled crayfish as a paradigm for saltational speciation by autopolyploidy and parthenogenesis in animals
Authors: Vogt Günter , Falckenhayn Cassandra , Schrimpf Anne , Schmid Katharina , Hanna Katharina , Panteleit Jörn , Helm Mark , Schulz Ralf , Lyko Frank 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe parthenogenetic all-female marbled crayfish is a novel research model and potent invader of freshwater ecosystems. It is a triploid descendant of the sexually reproducing slough crayfish,Procambarus fallax, but its taxonomic status has remained unsettled. By cross-breeding experiments and parentage analysis we show here that marbled crayfish andP. fallaxare reproductively separated. Both crayfish copulate readily, suggesting that the reproductive barrier is set at the cytogenetic rather than the behavioural level. Analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes of marbled crayfish from laboratory lineages and wild populations demonstrates genetic identity and indicates a single origin. Flow cytometric comparison of DNA contents of haemocytes and analysis of nuclear microsatellite loci confirm triploidy and suggest autopolyploidization as its cause. Global DNA methylation is significantly reduced in marbled crayfish implying the involvement of molecular epigenetic mechanisms in its origination. Morphologically, both crayfish are very similar but growth and fecundity are considerably larger in marbled crayfish, making it a different animal with superior fitness. These data and the high probability of a divergent future evolution of the marbled crayfish andP. fallaxclusters suggest that marbled crayfish should be considered as an independent asexual species. Our findings also establish theP. fallax-marbled crayfish pair as a novel paradigm for rare chromosomal speciation by autopolyploidy and parthenogenesis in animals and for saltational evolution in general.