bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Bacteremia in Previously Healthy Febrile Infants: A Follow-up Study
Authors: Mischler Matthew , Ryan Michael S. , Leyenaar JoAnna K. , Markowsky Allison , Seppa Midori , Wood Kelly , Ren Jinma , Asche Carl , Gigliotti Francis , Biondi Eric 
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE:Describe the etiology of bacteremia among a geographically diverse sample of previously well infants with fever admitted for general pediatric care and to characterize demographic and clinical characteristics of infants with bacteremia according to bacterial etiology. We hypothesized that the epidemiology of bacteremia in febrile infants from a geographically diverse cohort would show similar results to smaller or single-center cohorts previously reported.METHODS:This was a retrospective review of positive, pathogenic blood cultures in previously healthy, febrile infants ≤90 days old admitted to a general unit. In total, there were 17 participating sites from diverse geographic regions of the United States. Cultures were included if the results were positive for bacteria, obtained from an infant 90 days old or younger with a temperature ≥38.0°C, analyzed using an automated detection system, and treated as pathogenic.RESULTS:Escherichia coli was the most prevalent species, followed by group B Streptococcus, Streptococcus viridans, and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the most prevalent bacteria, there was no association between gender and species (Ps &gt; .05). Age at presentation was associated only with Streptococcus pneumoniae. There were no cases of Listeria monocytogenes.CONCLUSIONS:Our study confirms the data from smaller or single-center studies and suggests that the management of febrile well-appearing infants should change to reflect the current epidemiology of bacteremia. Further research is needed into the role of lumbar puncture, as well as the role of Listeria and Enterococcus species in infantile bacteremia.
Amauroderma trichodermatum (Ganodermataceae, Basidiomycota): first record from Bolivia and geographic distribution map, with notes on nomenclature and morphology
Authors: Robledo Gerardo Lucio , Newman Daniel , Popoff Orlando Fabian , Drechsler-Santos Elisandro Ricardo , Ryvarden Leif 
Published: June 2015

Amauroderma trichodermatum is reported from Bolivia, the collection being the fourth one known worldwide. The species is unique in the genus by having a hirsute pileus and a monomitic hyphal system. The use of the epithet “trichodermatum” as a correction for the typographical error “trichodematum” is proposed. A description and illustrations are provided based on the fresh Bolivian specimen, which has been compared with the type.
Formation of Ultra-Thin Pore Seal Layer on Porous Low-k Films
Authors: Ono Shoko S. , Kayaba Yasuhisa , Tanaka Hirofumi , Wachi Hiroko , Inoue Koji 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn order to integrate porous dielectric materials into the next generation of Cu/low-k interconnect, the porous material has to be sealed against metal barrier precursor. We have reported pore sealants which forms ultra-thin (< 3 nm-thick) layer on top of the surface of porous low-k film while the pore sealant does not diffuse into pores. In this study, it was investigated how pore seal layer is formed on the surface of porous material and how pore mouths are sealed by pore seal layer. It was found that 1) thickness of the pore seal layer is well-controlled in the range < 5 nm, by varying spin rate and concentration of solid, 2) minimal thicknesses of the pore seal layer needed to achieve an efficient sealing for porous low-k films whose pore radius is 1.5 nm was 2.6 nm. 3) Larger pores, whose pore radius is 4.2 nm, were sealed completely with an expansion of our technology.
Understanding Selectivity on Germanium/SiO2 Chemical Mechanical Planarization Through Design of Experiments
Authors: Karagoz Ayse , Mal James , Basim G. Bahar 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe continuous trend of achieving more complex microelectronics with smaller nodes yet larger wafer sizes in microelectronics manufacturing lead to aggressive development requirements for chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process. Particularly, beyond the 14 nm technology the development needs made it a must to introduce high mobility channel materials such as Ge. CMP is an enabler for integration of these new materials into future devices. In this study, we implemented a design of experiment (DOE) methodology in order to understand the optimized CMP slurry parameters such as optimal concentration of surface active agent (sodium dodecyl sulfate-SDS), concentration of abrasive particles and pH from the viewpoint of high removal rate and selectivity while maintaining a defect free surface finish. The responses examined were particle size distribution (slurry stability), zeta potential, material removal rate (MRR) and the surface defectivity as a function of the selected design variables. The impact of fumed silica particle loadings, oxidizer (H2O2) concentration, SDS surfactant concentration and pH were analyzed on Ge/silica selectivity through material removal rate (MRR) surface roughness and defectivity analyses.
Using Lasers to Create Metal-Polyimide Films with Alternating Layers
Authors: Faulkner Folasadé , Koplitz Brent 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTMetallized polyimide polymer films are of interest owing to their wide scope of applications including adaptive optical mirrors, solar dynamic power generation, radiation shielding, and thermal control coatings. Palladium-based polyimide films have proven to be unique in terms of thermal reduction, photochemistry and nanoparticulate distribution within the polymer matrix. When Pd polyamic acid is exposed to lamp radiation for 15 hours prior to curing, an additional nanoscale metallic interlayer is created within the surface-metallized polyimide matrix. This photo-process creates alternating nanoparticulate layers of palladium metal. Whilst previous efforts have produced metallic interlayer in 15 hours, we show that an excimer laser reduces this time to 4-8 minutes. Preliminary results using a femtosecond laser show that a metal interlayer can be formed with as little as 8 seconds of exposure time. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to characterize the layers. In addition to Pd, surface metallization and interlayer formation using other metals is discussed.
Passivation of Silicon Surfaces by Treatment in Water at 110°C
Authors: Nakamura Tomohiko , Sameshima Toshiyuki , Hasumi Masahiko , Mizuno Tomohisa 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTWe report effective passivation of silicon surfaces by heating single crystalline silicon substrates in liquid water at 110°C for 1 h. High values of photo-induced effective minority carrier lifetime τeff in the range from 1.9x10-4 to 1.8x10-3 s were obtained for the n-type samples with resistivity in the range from 1.7 to 18.1 Ωcm. τeff ranged from 8.3x10-4 to 3.1x10-3 s and from 1.2x10-4 to 6.0x10-4 s over the area of 4 inch sized 17.0 Ωcm n- and 15.0 Ωcm p-type samples, respectively. The heat treatment in liquid water at 110°C for 1 h resulted in low surface recombination velocities ranging from 7 to 34 cm/s and from 49 to 250 cm/s for those 4 inch sized n- and p-type samples, respectively. The thickness of the passivation layer was estimated to be approximate only 0.7 nm. Metal-insulator-semiconductor type solar cell was demonstrated with Al and Au metal formation on the passivated surface. Rectified current voltage and solar cell characteristics were observed. Open circuit voltage of 0.47 V was obtained under AM 1.5 light illumination at 100 mW/cm2.
Neuronal Alignment and Outgrowth on Microwrinkled Conducting Polymer Substrates
Authors: Bonisoli Alberto , Marino Attilio , Ciofani Gianni , Greco Francesco 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTWe report on the results of culturing SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells on PEDOT:PSS wrinkled surfaces fabricated by thermally-induced shrinking of commercial polystyrene sheets. Such smart biointerfaces combine the functional properties of conducting polymers with the topographic patterning at the micro- and sub-microscale, as a result of surface wrinkling. By imposing mechanical constraints during shrinking, anisotropic topographic features are formed, with a spatial periodicity in the range 0.7 - 1.2 μm, tunable by varying the thickness of the PEDOT:PSS thin film. The effectiveness of wrinkled surfaces in enhancing and orientating the outgrowth of neurites is demonstrated by a 42% increase in length and by the 85% of neurites aligned along wrinkles direction (angle 0 < θ < 15°), after 5 days of differentiation. Furthermore, the conductive properties of the PEDOT:PSS film are retained after the surface wrinkling, opening the way for the exploitation of these smart biointerfaces for the electrical stimulation of cells.
Detailed Characterization of Surface Ln-Doped Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Treatment for Photocatalysis and Gas Sensing Applications
Authors: Rahman Rezwanur , Anderson Sean T. , Dey Sonal , Mayanovic Robert A. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTNanostructured anatase TiO2 is a promising material for gas sensing and photocatalysis. In order to modify its catalytic properties, the lanthanide (Ln) ions Eu3+, Gd3+, Nd3+ and Yb3+ were precipitated on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) by hydrothermal treatment. Results from Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements show that the anatase structure of the TiO2 nanoparticles was preserved after hydrothermal treatment. SEM and TEM show a heterogeneous distribution in size and a nanocrystallite morphology of the TiO2 NPs (∼ 14 nm in size) and EDX confirmed the presence of the Ln-ion surface doping after hydrothermal treatment. An increase in photoluminescence (PL) was observed for the Ln-surface-doped TiO2 NPs when measurements were made in forming gas (5% H2 + 95% Ar) at 520 °C. In contrast, the PL measurements made at room temperature did not show any noticeable difference in forming gas or in ambient air. Our temperature-dependent PL results obtained in different gas environments are consistent with modification of oxygen-vacancies and hole-defects due to a combination of hydrothermal treatment and surface Ln-doping.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF METHODS FOR BONE MARROW HARVESTING FROM NON-HEART BEATING DONORS
Authors: Hubutija M. Sh. , Ponomarev I. N. , Borovkova N. V. 
Published: June 2015

Aim. To compare the effectiveness of different methods for bone marrow (BM) harvesting from non-heart beating donors taking into account the number and the quality of collected hematopoietic stem cells (HSC).Materials and methods.The study was performed on 43 non-heart beating donors. For BM harvesting two bone marrow aspiration needles were installed in each iliac bone. The needles were installed in one bone connected to closed system, combined with surgical suction and volumetric pump. BM aspiration was performed using different values for vacuum and combining with perfusion solution into the bone. The volume, the number of nucleated cells (NC), HSC and cell viability were evaluated in the obtained samples.Results.Compared with the standard mode the usage of vacuum 0.6–0.7 atm increased the collection of NC by 65.6%, HSC 87%, and did not reduce their viability. Using a vacuum of 0.9 atm reduced the amount of collected HSC and damaged cells. While using combined aspiration and perfusion of BM HSC were prepared at more than 86.2%, but the viability of the cells was lower than under the standard aspiration. Having coherently performed a standard aspiration and aspiration with perfusion from one iliac bone 407.2 ± 46.7 ml BM, 8.0 ± 0.8 × 109 NC and 194.2 ± 20.8 × 106 HSC were harvested. The proportion of viable cells was not less than 75.2 ± 3.2%.Conclusion.Method of BM harvesting implying coherently performing aspiration and aspiration-perfusion with the usage of vacuum 0.6–0.7 atm allows to prepare more progenitor cells without losing their quality. As a result, from one non-heart beating donor different types of progenitor cells can be collected in the amount sufficient for systemic infusion in adult patient.
COMBINED PLASMA FILTRATION, SELECTIVE ADSORPTION OF CYTOKINES WITH HEMOFILTRATION AND PLASMA EXCHANGE IN THE CORRECTION OF PLATELET AND COAGULATION HEMOSTASIS IN PATIENTS WITH THE SYNDROME OF DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION
Authors: Belskikh L. V. , Zulkarnaev A. B. , Vasilenko I. A. , Vatazin A. V. 
Published: June 2015

Aim.To improve the efficiency of treatment of the patients with pancreatic necrosis through correcting the platelet-coagulation potential by methods of combined plasma filtration, selective sorption of cytokines with hemofiltration and plasmapheresis.Methods.The effects of selective sorption of cytokines with hemofiltration and plasmapheresis upon coagulation potential were studied in 70 patients with acute pancreatitis. Plasmapheresis was performed on PCS 2 (Haemonetics, USA); selective sorption of cytokines with hemofiltration – on Lynda® machine (Bellco, Italy). The method of computer laser phasemeter was used for vital assessing of platelet morphofunctional status.Results.In patients with pancreatic necrosis in the fermentation phase the percentage of resting platelets was 51.3%, which is 12% below the control numbers. The number of activated platelets increased: 25.1% of the cells were represented by platelets with low activation; 15.5% – highly activated cells. The number of degenerative-modified platelets increased by two times – up to 8.1%. In the phase of sequestration and suppurative complications the percentage of resting platelets was only 42.3%, which is 1.5 times lower than the control numbers. 34.2% of the cells were presented by platelets with low activation; 11.0% – highly activated cells. The number of degenerative-modified platelets exceeded 12.5%. The analysis of the morphological structure of the platelets population revealed that due to plasmapheresis inclusion into therapeutic complex in the phase of intoxication of pancreatic necrosis the normalization of platelet activation status of hemostasis was observed. In 5 (20%) patients the normalization of average platelets morphometric parameters was shown after selective sorption of cytokines with hemofiltration and plasmapheresis. These patients demonstrated positive clinical dynamics. In 15 patients morphometric values of platelets either remained at the same value or continued to increase progressively. In this subgroup of the patients purulent complications progressed in 9 patients, mortality was 35%.Conclusion.Thus, the level of thrombocyte hemostasis in different phases of pancreatic necrosis can be quantified using indicators of morphofunctional status of circulating platelets. When dealing with coagulation version of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome the number of activated cells is on the rise up to 40% or more. The development of consumption coagulopathy is characterized with progressive increase of degenerative platelets up to 10% or more. Combined plasma filtration, selective adsorption of cytokines with hemofiltration and exchange plasmapheresis are effective methods for adjusting of platelet and coagulation hemostasis in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis.
Discursos socioculturais sobre o amor em Portugal: Um percurso geracional?
Authors: Dias Ana Rita , Machado Carla , GonÃ§alves Rui Abrunhosa , Manita Celina 
Published: June 2015

No presente estudo procuramos compreender a forma como os diferentes sujeitos conceptualizam e vivenciam o amor e as relaÃ§Ãµes de intimidade. O estudo envolve 28 sujeitos, com os quais se conduziu uma entrevista individual sobre a histÃ³ria de amor da sua vida. Procedeu-se Ã contrastaÃ§Ã£o do discurso dos jovens com o discurso dos adultos, de diferentes geraÃ§Ãµes, considerando tambÃ©m o estado civil e o sexo dos sujeitos. Identificam-se algumas especificidades, principalmente diferenÃ§as geracionais, que sÃ£o discutidas sob o seu enquadramento histÃ³rico, social e polÃ­tico. AlÃ©m das especificidades, identifica-se um discurso consensual sobre o amor, amplamente partilhado, bem como o retorno a concepÃ§Ãµes tradicionalistas e convencionais â€“ com mais assimetrias e desigualdades relacionais, sobretudo, na populaÃ§Ã£o juvenil.
Educación, contexto y género: Un recorrido hasta la Transición
Authors: Mañas Viejo Carmen 
Published: June 2015

<p>Con el objetivo de estudiar y comprender desde una perspectiva de género el recorrido y discurso histórico de un ámbito como la educación, nos aproximarnos a las claves que determinan su campo de actuación, durante un periodo intenso y corto: la Transición política española. Nos interesamos en este artículo por el ordenamiento educativo y por los movimientos pedagógicos. Utilizaremos fuentes primarias y secundarias, así como historias de vida. Y esperamos contribuir a construir un imaginario cultural femenino de referencia.</p>
Discrete-Fracture-Network Generation From Microseismic Data by Use of Moment-Tensor- and Event-Location-Constrained Hough Transforms
Authors: Yu Xin , Rutledge Jim , Leaney Scott , Maxwell Shawn 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Reservoir simulation and prediction of production associated with hydraulic-fracturing require the input of the fracture geometry and the fracture properties such as the porosity and retained permeability. Various methods were suggested and applied for deriving discrete fracture networks (DFNs) from microseismic data as a framework for modeling reservoir performance. Although microseismic data are the best diagnostics for revealing the volume of rock fractured, its incompleteness in representing the deformation induced presents a challenge to calibrate and represent complex fracture networks created and connected during hydraulic-fracture stimulation. We present an automated method to generate DFN models constrained by the microseismic locations and fracture plane orientations derived from moment-tensor analysis. We use a Hough-transform technique to find significant planar features from combinations of the microseismic source locations. We have modified the technique with an equal-probability voting scheme to remove an inherent bias for horizontal planes. The voting mechanism is a general grid search in the space of fracture strike, dip, and location (φ,θ,r, respectively) with grid-cell sizes scaled by uncertainty estimates of φ,θ,r. We constrain fracture orientations with weighting on the basis of the moment-tensor orientations of neighboring events and their associated uncertainties. With two case studies, we demonstrate that our automated technique can reliably extract the complex fracture network on the basis of good matches with the event-cloud trends and the input moment-tensor orientations. We also tested the sensitivity of the technique to event-location uncertainty. With increasing location uncertainty, the details of the fracture network extracted are diminished with events grouping to larger-scale features, but the general shape and orientation of the fracture network obtained are insensitive to the location uncertainty.
RNA‐Seq Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes Involved in Sex Expression in Melon
Authors: Gao Peng , Sheng Yunyan , Luan Feishi , Ma Hongyan , Liu Shi 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTMelon (Cucumis melo. L.) is an economically important vegetable crop and a model species for the study of sex determination. Although two master genes, G (for gynoecy) and A (andromonoecy) have been cloned, the process of sex expression in melon is complex, and the associated mechanisms and gene network are not well understood. In this study, RNA sequencing was conducted among bulk segregants of four melon plant sex types, namely monoecious (AAGG), gynoecious (AAgg), hermaphrodite (aagg), and andromonoecious (aaGG). About 105 million reads were generated from the melon transcriptome using Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing. In total, 76,260 unigenes were generated and mapped to 11,805 annotated proteins in the assembled melon genome. Most of the genes encode proteins related to plant hormone metabolism. Others are related to flora development, including tasselseeds and male sterility genes, which were detected in the phytohormone pathway. Comparisons of paired segregants (AAGG:AAgg, AAGG:aaGG, aagg:AAgg and aaGG:aagg) revealed different gene expression profiles (745, 1342, 858, and 571 genes, respectively). The most highly represented was the serine/threonine protein kinase pathway. In this pathway, ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), auxin/indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), and aminocyclopropanecarboxylate (ACC) oxidase were involved in different sex type expressions, suggesting that they might have important roles in melon sex determination. Fifteen selected genes were validated via reverse transcription quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and their expression patterns were similar for the two methods. Overall, the melon transcriptome sequences revealed novel gene expression profiles and offer important clues for further study of the molecular mechanism of sex differentiation.
Inheritance of Salinity Tolerance in Perennial Ryegrass
Authors: Koch Matthew J. , Meyer William A. , Bonos Stacy A. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTAn increasing amount of reclaimed water is being used in turfgrass management; however, reclaimed water is often high in total dissolved salts and can result in salt stress injury and poor turf quality. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the broad‐sense heritability estimate of salinity tolerance of 142 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) genotypes and (ii) determine narrow‐sense heritability estimates and evaluate inheritance characteristics of salinity tolerance (heterosis, maternal effects, and combining ability) of progeny from crosses between fixed resistant and susceptible clones. Six replicates of each clone were irrigated overhead with a salt solution and were rated visually for percentage green color. The broad‐sense heritability estimate for salinity tolerance was 0.78, indicating that the majority of the phenotypic variation was due to genetic effects. A diallel cross between three salt‐tolerant and three salt‐sensitive parents was performed in 2006. Parents and progeny were established, irrigated overhead with a salt solution, and visually rated for percentage green in 2007 and 2008. Narrow‐sense heritability ranged from 0.72 (2007) to 0.66 (2008), indicating that the majority of the phenotypic variation was due to additive gene effects. No heterosis or maternal effects were found and general combining ability (GCA) accounted for more variance than specific combining ability (SCA). These results support the finding that salinity tolerance in perennial ryegrass is strongly controlled by additive gene effects. These data support a recurrent selection program that concentrates additive alleles as an effective breeding strategy to improve salinity tolerance in perennial ryegrass.