bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Opioid Overdose Prevention and Naloxone Prescribing: Implications for Translating Community Programming into Clinical Practice
Authors: Mueller Shane R. , Walley Alexander Y. , Calcaterra Susan L. , Glanz Jason M. , Binswanger Ingrid A. 
Published: March 2015

Background As physicians have increased opioid prescribing, overdose deaths from pharmaceutical opioids have substantially increased in the United States. Naloxone hydrochloride (naloxone), an opioid antagonist, is the standard of care for treatment of opioid induced respiratory depression. Since 1996, community-based programs have offered overdose prevention education and distributed naloxone for bystander administration to people who use opioids, particularly heroin. There is growing interest in translating overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) into conventional medical settings for patients who are prescribed pharmaceutical opioids. For this review, we summarized and classified existing publications on overdose education and naloxone distribution to identify evidence of effectiveness and opportunities for translation into conventional medical settings. Methods For this review, we searched English language PubMed for articles on naloxone based on primary data collection from humans, including feasibility studies, program evaluations, surveys, qualitative studies, and studies comparing the effectiveness of different routes of naloxone administration. We also included cost-effectiveness studies. Results We identified 41 articles that represented 5 categories: evaluations of OEND programs, effects of OEND programs on experiences and attitudes of participants, willingness of medical providers to prescribe naloxone, comparisons of different routes of naloxone administration, and the cost-effectiveness of naloxone. Conclusions Existing research suggests that people who are at risk for overdose and other bystanders are willing and able to be trained to prevent overdoses and administer naloxone. Counseling patients about the risks of opioid overdose and prescribing naloxone is an emerging clinical practice that may reduce fatalities from overdose while enhancing the safe prescribing of opioids.
Adolescent Substance use Screening in Primary Care: Validity of Computer Self-Administered versus Clinician-Administered Screening
Authors: Harris Sion Kim , Knight John Rogers , Van Hook Shari , Sherritt Lon , Traci L. Brooks , Kulig John W. , Christina A. Nordt , Saitz Richard 
Published: March 2015

Background Computer self-administration may help busy pediatricians’ offices increase adolescent substance use screening rates efficiently and effectively, if proven to yield valid responses. The CRAFFT screening protocol for adolescents has demonstrated validity as an interview, but a computer self-entry approach needs validity testing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the criterion validity and time efficiency of a computerized adolescent substance use screening protocol implemented by self-administration or clinician-administration. Methods Twelve- to 17-year-old patients coming for routine care at 3 primary care clinics completed the computerized screen by both self-administration and clinician-administration during their visit. To account for order effects, we randomly assigned participants to self-administer the screen either before or after seeing their clinician. Both were conducted using a tablet computer and included identical items (any past-12-month use of tobacco, alcohol, drugs; past-3-month frequency of each; and 6 CRAFFT items). The criterion measure for substance use was the Timeline Follow-Back, and for alcohol/drug use disorder, the Adolescent Diagnostic Interview, both conducted by confidential research assistant interview after the visit. Tobacco dependence risk was assessed with the self-administered Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC). Analyses accounted for the multisite cluster sampling design. Results Among 136 participants, mean age was 15.0 ± 1.5 years, 54% were girls, 53% were black or Hispanic, and 67% had ≥3 prior visits with their clinician. Twenty-seven percent reported any substance use (including tobacco) in the past 12 months, 7% met criteria for an alcohol or cannabis use disorder, and 4% were HONC positive. Sensitivity/specificity of the screener were high for detecting past-12-month use or disorder and did not differ between computer and clinician. Mean completion time was 49 seconds (95% confidence interval [CI]: 44–54) for computer and 74 seconds (95% CI: 68–87) for clinician (paired comparison, P < .001). Conclusions Substance use screening by computer self-entry is a valid and time-efficient alternative to clinician-administered screening.
Changes in Psychiatric Symptoms among Persons with Methamphetamine Dependence Predicts Changes in Severity of Drug Problems but Not Frequency of Use
Authors: Polcin Douglas L. , Korcha Rachael , Bond Jason , Galloway Gantt , Nayak Madhabika 
Published: March 2015

Background Few studies have examined how changes in psychiatric symptoms over time are associated with changes in drug use and severity of drug problems. No studies have examined these relationships among methamphetamine (MA)-dependent persons receiving motivational interviewing within the context of standard outpatient treatment. Methods Two hundred seventeen individuals with MA dependence were randomly assigned to a standard single session of motivational interviewing (MI) or an intensive 9-session model of MI. Both groups received standard outpatient group treatment. The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and timeline follow-back (TLFB) for MA use were administered at treatment entry and 2-, 4-, and 6-month follow-ups. Results Changes in ASI psychiatric severity between baseline and 2 months predicted changes in ASI drug severity during the same time period, but not changes on measures of MA use. Item analysis of the ASI drug scale showed that psychiatric severity predicted how troubled or bothered participants were by their drug us, how important they felt it was for them to get treatment, and the number of days they experienced drug problems. However, it did not predict the number days they used drugs in the past 30 days. These associations did not differ between study conditions, and they persisted when psychiatric severity and outcomes were compared across 4- and 6-month time periods. Conclusions Results are among the first to track how changes in psychiatric severity over time are associated with changes in MA use and severity of drug problems. Treatment efforts targeting reduction of psychiatric symptoms among MA-dependent persons might be helpful in reducing the level of distress and problems associated with MA use but not how often it is used. There is a need for additional research describing the circumstances under which the experiences and perceptions of drug-related problems diverge from frequency of consumption.
Acceptability of Non-Abstinence Goals among Students Enrolled in Addiction Studies Programs across the United States
Authors: Davis Alan K. , Lauritsen Kirstin J. 
Published: March 2015

Background Previous studies of acceptability of non-abstinence recruited older, experienced addiction professionals; it's possible that younger, emerging addiction professionals may be more accepting of non-abstinence, perhaps due to training in harm reduction. Methods One hundred seventy graduate and undergraduate students enrolled in college/university-based programs offering training in addiction studies across the United States were recruited to complete a Web-based questionnaire assessing whether acceptability of non-abstinence outcome goals varied depending on the specific substance a client consumes, severity of diagnosis, and finality of outcome goal. Results More respondents rated non-abstinence an acceptable Intermediate goal for clients diagnosed with a Moderate cannabis use disorder (57%) or Moderate alcohol use disorder (45%) than for clients diagnosed with any other listed Moderate substance use disorder (32% to 36%). Similarly, larger proportions of respondents rated non-abstinence an acceptable Final goal for clients diagnosed with a Moderate cannabis use disorder (37%) or Moderate alcohol use disorder (31%) than for clients diagnosed with any other listed Moderate substance use disorder (19% to 23%). Only 14% to 26% of respondents rated non-abstinence an acceptable Final goal for clients diagnosed with a Severe substance use disorder, but 28% to 42% rated non-abstinence acceptable for clients diagnosed with a Severe substance use disorder when non-abstinence was an Intermediate goal. Conclusions Compared with previous research examining the acceptability of non-abstinence, these results suggest that students enrolled in addiction studies training programs may be more accepting of clients who decide to pursue non-abstinence either as an intermediate step on the way to abstinence or as a final goal.
Ancient Egypt
Authors: Lloyd Alan B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis book attempts to define, analyse, and evaluate the institutional and ideological systems which empowered and sustained one of the most successful civilizations of the ancient world for a period in excess of three and a half millennia. The book adopts the premise that all societies are the product of a continuous dialogue with their physical context — understood in the broadest sense — and that, in order to achieve a successful symbiosis with this context, they develop an interlocking set of systems, defined by historians, archaeologists, and anthropologists as culture. Culture, therefore, can be described as the sum total of the methods employed by a group of human beings to achieve some measure of control over their environment. Covering the entirety of the civilization, including translations of original Egyptian texts, the book focuses on the main aspects of Egyptian culture which gave the society its particular character, and endeavours to establish what allowed the Egyptians to maintain that character for an extraordinary length of time, despite enduring cultural shock of many different kinds.
Dialogue and Transition
Authors: Lloyd Alan B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe invasion of Egypt by Alexander the Great in 332 BC inaugurated a thousand years of intimate contact between the Egyptian and Classical worlds, both physical and conceptual, which led ultimately to the complete erosion of Pharaonic civilization and the transmutation of native Egyptian culture into something quite new. This process of cultural attrition is copiously documented and provides the clearest possible picture of the gradual, deadly abrasion of a great civilization to the point where nothing but vestigial remains were left. This chapter plots this process through the last two major periods of Egypt's ancient history: the Ptolemaic Period and Roman Egypt.
Introduction
Authors: Downs Jim 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This book tells the story of hundreds of thousands of African Americans who, following their emancipation from slavery during and after the Civil War, encountered sickness, disease, suffering, and death. Basing its study on evidence from the records of the Medical Division of the Freedmen’s Bureau—a nascent national health system that cared for more than 500,000 freed slaves—the book recounts the plague of lethal diseases, including yellow fever, smallpox, cholera, and dysentery—not to mention malnutrition and poverty—that met former slaves as a result of the collapse of the plantation economy. It examines the deadly consequences of this biological crisis, the largest of the nineteenth century, and the untold misery and suffering it caused to innumerable people in their dash to freedom. It also looks at the Reconstruction policy that was then implemented in the American West and how it affected Native Americans.
Reconstructing an Epidemic
Authors: Downs Jim 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the smallpox epidemic, the most devastating medical crisis that erupted throughout the South after the Civil War, and how it claimed the lives of thousands of freed slaves from 1862 to 1868. It argues that the epidemic resulted in large part from the inefficiencies of Freedmen’s Bureau hospitals to establish effective quarantines and conduct vaccinations as well as the federal government’s neglect of freedpeople’s health. It considers the high mortality rates caused by the smallpox epidemic, and how they were interpreted by federal officials, Southern planters, and both the Northern and Southern press as signs of the extinction of the black race. The chapter also cites the federal government’s lack of effort in addressing the outbreak of the virus throughout the South.
Narrating Illness
Authors: Downs Jim 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on how the Reconstruction period inspired freedpeople to make claims about their health matters to the state, and how the expansion of the pension system allowed black veterans and their dependants to articulate their health conditions to the federal government in hope of receiving financial assistance for their medical problems. It also looks at the eventual demise of the Medical Division of the Freedmen’s Bureau and the Bureau’s attempt to negotiate with municipal and state officials in the Reconstruction South to take charge of freedpeople left by the void of Southern planters and the destruction of the plantation economy. Finally, the chapter examines how the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, combined with the creation of new state governments in the South, led civil authorities to allow emancipated slaves to enroll in municipal and state institutions.
Asks for Nothing Except to Serve
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Harry Hopkins's road to Washington as the most powerful man under Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration. It first considers Hopkins's tenure as executive director of the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration (TERA), an agency created in 1931 by Roosevelt, who was then in his second term as governor of New York, to provide emergency relief to the growing ranks of the unemployed during the Great Depression. It then assesses Hopkins's support for Roosevelt's nomination and bid for the presidency in 1932, along with his appointment as head of a newly created federal agency to provide direct relief to the nation's poor and unemployed and to administer a vast new jobs program. It also examines Hopkins's travel to Europe in 1934, where he was sent by Roosevelt to assess the personnel in the U.S. embassies of England, Germany, Austria, and Italy and provide the president with a confidential report. It also looks at Roosevelt's creation of the Works Progress Administration headed by Hopkins that became the centerpiece of the New Deal. Finally, it examines the death of Hopkins's wife Barbara and his appointment as secretary of commerce under the Roosevelt administration.
Vodka Has Authority
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Harry Hopkins's trips to Great Britain and the Soviet Union in 1941 as President Franklin D. Roosevelt's emissary, with particular reference to his meetings with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin. It first considers Hopkins's meetings with a series of top government and military officials in Britain to resolve lend-lease and related supply issues and to confer on war strategy, along with his claim that he made an effort to resolve tensions in the working relationship between Averell Harriman and Ambassador John G. Winant. It then looks at Hopkins's meeting with Ivan Maisky, the Soviet ambassador to Great Britain, before turning to his time in Moscow. It also discusses the three-part memorandum that contained all of the information acquired by Hopkins during his two days with Stalin and the others. The first two parts summarized Stalin's overview of World War II, the supplies he said were needed, and the three-party conference proposed by Hopkins. The third part reported Stalin's confession that it would be “very difficult” for Britain and the USSR alone to win the war and his request that the United States declare war on Germany.
The Alliance Shifts
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the shift in alliance between Harry Hopkins and Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II. It first considers the relationship between Eleanor Roosevelt and Hopkins's wife Louise Gill Macy and the latter's decision to move out of the White House. Despite Roosevelt's feeling that he was abandoned by the couple, this chapter shows that Hopkins would remain entrenched as the president's closest confidant and companion. The chapter also considers Hopkins's influence not only on Roosevelt but also on Winston Churchill of Great Britain and Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union. Finally, it discusses the Red Army's decisive victories at Stalingrad and Kursk that would strengthen Stalin's stature as a world figure.
Tilting toward the Russians
Authors: Roll David L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter examines how Harry Hopkins influenced the balance of military power in the Atlantic during World War II. More specifically, it looks at Hopkins's role in President Franklin D. Roosevelt's meetings with Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek of the Chinese Nationalist government and Winston Churchill of Great Britain in Cairo and the Big Three conference with Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union in Tehran. It also considers Roosevelt's vision of the significance of China to the United States in the postwar world as well as his views about postwar relations with the USSR. Finally, it explores how the Tehran conference made the United States turn its attention from Britain to the Soviet Union.
Time-based modifications to process theory illustrations through a corporate rebranding case study
Authors: Juntunen Mari 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop the lifecycle and teleology process theory illustrations by uniting processes and their outcomes based on their being bounded in time.Design/methodology/approach– The study combines objective and subjective ontological approaches to organisational development and change processes. The narrative data of corporate rebranding among small B2B companies were gathered through a multiple case study and analysed in relation to flow of time. The illustrations of teleology and lifecycle process theory are modified based on empirical data.Findings– The underlying logic of the lifecycle and teleology illustrations is found to be the same. The historical processes follow the logic of the lifecycle processes and emphasise the outcomes; the lifecycle process theory illustration is modified by adding outcomes. The current processes are in line with the literal description of the teleology. Teleology processes are illustrated using double-headed arrows between all processes.Research limitations/implications– Employing the objective and subjective ontological view in the same study might be questioned. The modifications to the process theory illustrations are only one view on the issue and the study does not take a stand on how the imagined future processes might be described.Practical implications– The study helps researchers and managers better understand the lifecycle and teleology process theory and the role of outcomes in process research. The study should encourage researchers and managers to incorporate the role of process outcomes into their future (business) planning more efficiently, and combine different ontological views.Originality/value– The study is a rare attempt to develop process theory illustrations.
Online ethnography: a study of software developers and software development
Authors: Cordoba-Pachon Jose Rodrigo , Loureiro-Koechlin Cecilia 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– Qualitative research has made important contributions to social science by enabling researchers to engage with people and get an in-depth understanding of their views, beliefs and perceptions about social phenomena. With new and electronically mediated forms of human interaction (e.g. the online world), there are new opportunities for researchers to gather data and participate with or observe people in online groups. The purpose of this paper is to present features, challenges and possibilities for online ethnography as an innovative form of qualitative research.Design/methodology/approach– Ethnography is about telling a story about what happens in a particular setting or settings. In order to do this online, it is important to revisit, adopt and adapt some ideas about traditional (offline) ethnography. The paper distinguishes online ethnography from other types of research. It draws some generic features of online ethnography and identifies challenges for it. With these ideas in mind the paper presents and provides a reflection of an online ethnography of software developers.Findings– Online ethnography can provide valuable insights about social phenomena. The paper identifies generic features of this approach and a number of challenges related to its practice. These challenges have to do with to the choice of settings, use of online data for research, representation of people and generation of valuable and useful knowledge. The paper also highlights issues for future consideration in research and practice.Practical implications– The ethnography helped the researcher to identify and address a number of methodological challenges in practice and position herself in relation to relevant audiences she wanted to speak to. The paper also suggests different orientations to online ethnography. Lessons learned highlight potential contributions as well as further possibilities for qualitative research in the online world.Originality/value– Online ethnography offers possibilities to engage with a global audience of research subjects. For academics and practitioners the paper opens up possibilities to use online tools for research and it shows that the use of these tools can help overcome difficulties in access and interaction with people and to study a diversity of research topics, not only those that exist online. The paper offers guidance for researchers about where to start and how to proceed if they want to conduct online ethnography and generate useful and valuable knowledge in their area of interest.
A content and comparative analysis of strategic management research in the Baltic area
Authors: Gonzalez-Loureiro Miguel , Dabic Marina , Furrer Olivier 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide a research agenda for qualitative studies in the field of strategic management (SM) in the Baltic area.Design/methodology/approach– A total of 167 SM-related articles in this area between 2000 and 2013 were found. The content within title, abstract and authors’ keywords was analysed by means of a multiple correspondence analysis based on the HOMALS technique.Findings– The intellectual structure of SM in the Baltic area is to some extent similar to the global structure of the field. Hence research on this topic in the Baltic area is well integrated in the field. Three topics of interest have been identified while the fourth seems to offer more limited opportunities for qualitative studies. These are: entry and competition; strategic behaviour and the micro-foundations of strategy; the growth-performance relationship; and global strategies.Research limitations/implications– Despite the modest number of articles in our sample, the findings are consistent with past research on the structure of the SM field. The classification of articles into qualitative- and quantitative-based methods helped provide a research agenda.Practical implications– SM scholars in the Baltic area may find this paper as an interesting input to their quest for finding and justifying their own research path.Originality/value– This is an original literature review. The use of a quantitative method in the literature review and the suggested matrix is a second original contribution to evolving methodologies for content analysis. The method allows the inclusion of large samples while limiting the use of scholars’ intuition.