bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of lesions in lambs intoxicated with sodium selenite included in intraruminal boluses
Authors: Serratos Midori Jocelyn Hernández , Ramírez Mireya Juárez , Fariña Isauro Garrido , Pérez Jorge Luis Tórtora , Trujillo Elein Hernández , Sánchez Víctor Manuel Díaz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSelenium is an essential micronutrient for ruminants, which participates in the optimal functioning of proteins and enzymes that can combat oxidative stress in the body; however, its toxicity is documented in different species. The objective of this work was to describe macroscopic and microscopic lesions in lambs intoxicated with selenium administered through intraruminal boluses. The main lesions at necropsy were pulmonary oedema; the myocardial surface presented multifocal pale areas; the thyroid and thymus glands were decreased in size, and areas of necrosis, haemorrhage and hyperkeratosis were observed in the reticulum and rumen. At the microscopic level, congestion, haemorrhage, oedema and hyaline membranes were observed in the lung; hepatic congestion, haemorrhage, degeneration and necrosis; degeneration and necrosis of the reticulum mucosa, as well as areas of hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis; myocardial degeneration, necrosis and fibrosis; congestion, haemorrhage, degeneration and renal tubular necrosis; thyroid follicular atrophy and thymic cortical atrophy. This study evidenced the main lesions related to selenium poisoning in lambs supplemented with the mineral through intraruminal boluses.
A field evaluation of a new porcine circovirus type 2d and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bivalent vaccine in herds suffering from subclinical PCV2d infection and enzootic pneumonia
Authors: Ham Sehyeong , Suh Jeongmin , Kim Chonghan , Seo Byoung‐Joo , Park Gyeong‐Seo , Chae Chanhee 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis field efficacy study was designed to determine the efficacy of a new bivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2d (PCV2d) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae at three independent pig farms.MethodsThree pig farms were selected based on their history of subclinical PCV2 infection and enzootic pneumonia. Each farm housed a total of 40, 18‐day‐old pigs that were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Pigs were administered a 2.0 mL dose of the bivalent vaccine intramuscularly at 21 days of age in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, whereas unvaccinated pigs were administered a single dose of phosphate‐buffered saline at the same age.ResultsClinically, the average daily weight gain of vaccinated groups was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of unvaccinated animals during the growing (70–112 days of age), finishing (112–175 days of age) and overall (3–175 days of age) stages of production. Vaccinated animals elicited neutralizing anti‐PCV2 antibodies and PCV2d‐specific interferon‐γ secreting cells (IFN‐γ‐SC), which reduced the amount of PCV2d genomic copies in blood and reduced lymphoid lesions severity when compared with unvaccinated animals. Similarly, vaccinated animals elicited M. hyopneumoniae‐specific IFN‐γ‐SC, which reduced the amount of M. hyopneumoniae in the larynx and reduced lung lesions severity.ConclusionsThe result of the field trial demonstrated that the bivalent vaccine was efficacious in the protection of swine herds suffering from subclinical PCV2d infection and enzootic pneumonia.
Effect of different IFS (MWCNTs, BN, and ZnO) on flame retardant, thermal and mechanical properties of PA6/aluminum diisobutyl phosphinate composites
Authors: Xu Songjiang , Xiang Yushu , Huan Xuanying , Xu Qiu , Ma Shikai , Bao Dongmei , Qin Shuhao , Zhang Daohai , Du Haijun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of the synergistic flame retardation of aluminum diisobutyl phosphinate acid (APBA) with three inorganic fillers of different dimensions (multi‐walled carbon nanotubes [MWCNTs] [1‐dimensional], hexagonal boron nitride [BN] [2‐dimensional], and zinc oxide [ZnO] [3‐dimensional]), respectively, on the properties of nylon 6 (polyamide 6 [PA6]) materials were investigated. It was shown that under the same additive amount, with the increase of spatial dimension of inorganic fillers, the thermal stability and residual carbon capacity were improved. Which would catalyze the formation of more and denser carbon layers in the matrix material, effectively blocked the transfer of oxygen and heat, enhanced the cohesive‐phase flame retardancy of synergistic flame‐retardant PA6 composites, and exerted a better synergistic flame‐retardant effect with APBA. So that the flame‐retardant properties of PA6 composites were gradually improved, and the mechanical properties were also gradually increased. The comprehensive performance of three types of inorganic fillers gradually improves in the order of MWCNTs < BN < ZnO. When the addition amount of ZnO was 2 wt%, the vertical combustion grade (UL‐94) of PA6 composite was V‐0, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) was as high as 36.5%. The tensile strain increased by 19.11% and impact strength increased by 20.26% compared with PA6, and PA6/APBA‐Zn can be used as a flame retardant PA6 composite material with balanced overall performance.Highlights
Diisobutylaluminium hypophosphite and inorganic fillers have efficient synergistic flame retardant effects in PA6.
With the increase of spatial dimension of inorganic fillers, the better the synergistic flame retardant effect in PA6.
The flame retardant can degrade to release the phosphorous free radicals.
Inorganic fillers can cross‐link with the PA6 substrate and promote the charring.
Immunity through technification? A critical review of water governance discourses in Tunisia
Authors: Bouazzi Kais 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAfter Tunisia's independence from France in 1956, the country was engaged in what has been termed the “supply management policy”, that is, a maximum mobilization of water resources through large‐scale modern hydraulic infrastructure. Towards the beginning of the 1980s, the country entered a crisis and had to adopt in 1986, under pressure from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, a “Structural Adjustment Program” (SAP) that prioritized measures to improve economic efficiency and liberalize the economy. Since then, Tunisian water policy has progressively shifted towards “Integrated Water Resources Management” (IWRM). This review critically analyzes the water governance discourses that have framed these policy interventions. I will draw on academic research and official and civil society reports to suggest that these discourses have been “rendered technical”, stripping issues of any political (and therefore conflicting) character. When rendered technical discourses raise development projects and policies above the terrain of political contestation, the possibilities of action available to those opposed to them become limited. This depoliticization of development interventions through technical discourses narrows the public space of democratic debate. I will also argue that the “technification” (rendering technical) process is reversible. Opposition groups can challenge technical discourses with a critical approach that can reconfigure and alter the trajectory of governmental programs. However, critical discourses can, in turn, be rendered technical.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Water Governance
Human Water > Rights to Water
Methodology and Data for Our New Analysis
Authors: Tausch Arno 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we lay the groundwork for our own emperical study, based on data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey. We briefly summarise the key facts about these two global barometers, explain the empirical statistical methodology, in particular Promax factor analysis and our approach to testing significance levels in factor analysis, discuss the nature of parametric indicators, provide our readers with an insight into margins of error, and highlight the dimensions and variables from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey that are used in our analysis. We then briefly discuss the cross-national data that we used to draw conclusions from the relationships between opinion structures and cross-national aggregate data. Finally we highlight the empirical research design.
The Potential for Violence Against Homosexuals and Strategies of Advancing Tolerant Gender Social Norms and Democracy
Authors: Tausch Arno 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we first present an estimate of the potential for homophobic violence driven by religiously motivated extremism, estimated from data from the World Values Survey 2017 to 2022. on a population-weighted basis, 52.5% of the world's population can be classified as homophobic, that is, they disapprove of having a homosexual neighbour, and 12.8% of the population not only disapprove of having a homosexual neighbour, but also strongly believe that it is an essential part of democracy for religious institutions to interpret the laws 1. 2% of the world's population now not only are homophobic and believe that it is an essential part of democracy for religious institutions to interpret the laws, but also strongly believe that political violence is justified. We then present country estimates of this extremist religiously motivated homophobic population with the Philippines, Malaysia, Kenya, Ecuador, Zimbabwe, Canada, Spain, Nicaragua, Mexico, and Iraq leading the way. We then present a parametric factor analytical derived index of tolerance, social gender norms, and democracy, and show the results for the countries as a whole, and for their Muslim and Orthodox populations. we also analyze in this chapter homonegativity in the wider social context and discuss the very close relationship between homonegativity and phenomena, such as religious particularism, and restrictive gender, norms, documented by the United Nations Development Program and find evidence of the strong relationship between homonegativity and anti-Semitism.
Marginalisation of Adat Communities: Intersectionality of Land Grabbing, Human Rights, Climate Adaptation, and Human Mobility in Indonesia
Authors: Rumpia James Reinaldo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter seeks to examine issues concerning the Adat community, a community whose very existence is based on a strong link between indigenous knowledge and the environment. It will also examine the community’s role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. The chapter addresses the problem of marginalisation of indigenous people through the intersectionality of land grabbing, fulfilment of human rights, climate adaptation, and human mobility. It uses an indigenous—local knowledge—human rights-based approach to understand the knowledge, traditions, and dynamics of the rights of indigenous people. The chapter uses the case of the Sikep and Rendu communities in Indonesia and shows that their lives as farmers doing traditional farming are very much a part of conservation efforts. And that their marginalisation because of the expansion of industries, specifically, the cement industry and various dam projects, has resulted in land grabbing and consequently, migration. In addition, the fragmentation of law and policy creates multiple vulnerabilities due to the absence of specific laws concerning the rights of indigenous people, limited legal recognition, bureaucratic-administrative nature of land registration, and the lack of meaningful participation by the indigenous people in environmental and climate policy.
Action, entropy and pair creation rate of charged black holes in de Sitter space
Authors: Morvan E. , van der Schaar J. P. , Visser M. R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We compute and clarify the interpretation of the on-shell Euclidean action for Reissner-Nordström black holes in de Sitter space. We show the on-shell action is minus the sum of the black hole and cosmological horizon entropy for arbitrary mass and charge in any number of dimensions. This unifying expression helps to clear up a confusion about the Euclidean actions of extremal and ultracold black holes in de Sitter, as they can be understood as special cases of the general expression. We then use this result to estimate the probability for the pair creation of black holes with arbitrary mass and charge in an empty de Sitter background, by employing the formalism of constrained instantons. Finally, we suggest that the decay of charged de Sitter black holes is governed by the gradient flow of the entropy function and that, as a consequence, the regime of light, superradiant, rapid charge emission should describe the potential decay of extreme charged Nariai black holes to singular geometries.
Solving the strong CP problem without axions
Authors: Feruglio Ferruccio , Parriciatu Matteo , Strumia Alessandro , Titov Arsenii 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We formulate general conditions under which the strong CP problem is solved by spontaneous CP violation. Quark-mass matrix elements are polynomials in the CP-breaking order parameters, engineered such that their determinant is a real constant. This scheme permits only a limited number of textures. These conditions can be realized in supersymmetric theories with CP as an anomaly-free local flavor symmetry, suggesting a unified solution to the strong CP problem and the flavor puzzle. Our solution can be implemented using either modular invariance or a local U(1) symmetry. We present modular-invariant realizations where matter fields are assigned small modular weights ±2 (±1), utilising higher levels N = 2 (N = 3). Heavy quarks are in general not required, but their presence allows for models where colored particles fill non-singlet representations of the flavor group.
Fine large-time asymptotics for the axisymmetric Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Seis Christian , Winkler Dominik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe examine the large-time behavior of axisymmetric solutions without swirl of the Navier–Stokes equation in $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$

R

3

. We construct higher-order asymptotic expansions for the corresponding vorticity. The appeal of this work lies in the simplicity of the applied techniques: Our approach is completely based on standard $$L^2$$

L
2

-based entropy methods.
Frühe urologische und venerourologische Quellen zur Sexualmedizin aus Wien
Authors: Moll Friedrich H. , Fangerau Heiner 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Jahre 2014 wurde eine „Österreichische Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Sexualmedizin und der Sexuellen Gesundheit“ (ÖGFSSG) gegründet. Diese Gründung blickt zurück auf die spätestens seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts zunehmenden Bemühungen, das Wissensfeld akademisch zu erschließen. Die Wiener Medizin spielt hier eine eigene, besondere Rolle. Der Beitrag wendet sich zentralen Wiener Akteuren zu, die um 1900 ein besonderes Interesse für die Sexualmedizin aus urologischer Perspektive aufbrachten. Sie arbeiteten im Grenzbereich mehrerer nach Spezialisierung strebender Disziplinen im Umfeld einer rasch wachsenden Großstadt mit multiplen kulturellen Einflüssen. Die hier im Sinne einer Quellensammlung vorgestellten Personen trugen durch ihre Arbeiten zum Aufschwung der Sexualmedizin bei, indem sie sich auf ein Gebiet vorwagten, in dem bis dahin keine medizinische oder andere Disziplin eine Deutungshoheit beanspruchen konnte.
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede im chirurgischen Selbstvertrauen: Ergebnisse des Endo-Workshops der German Society of Residents in Urology 2022
Authors: Siech Carolin , Kluth Luis A. , Konopka Mareen , Reimann Maximilian , Plage Henning , Lichy Isabel , Gerdes Benedikt , Kasperek Jan , Humke Clara , Marks Phillip , Fisch Margit , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Chun Felix K. H. , Schäfer Timm , Meyer Christian P. , Kaulfuss Julia C. 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Simulationstrainings gewinnen in der Ausbildung von Ärzt:innen in Weiterbildung (ÄiW) an Bedeutung.

Ziel der Arbeit
Mit dieser prospektiven Arbeit wurde der Einfluss des Endo-Workshops der German Society of Residents in Urology e. V. (GeSRU) auf das chirurgische Selbstvertrauen evaluiert.

Material und Methoden
Der GeSRU Endo-Workshop 2022 umfasste ein Simulationstraining zur Steinsanierung mittels Ureterorenoskopie (URS) und zur transurethralen Resektion der Blase (TURB). Mittels Online-Fragebogen wurde das chirurgische Selbstvertrauen vor und nach dem Workshop erhoben. Das operative Assessment erfolgte mittels Global Rating Scale (GRS).

Ergebnisse
Von 40 Teilnehmenden waren 25 (62,5 %) männlich und 15 (37,5 %) weiblich. In der URS-Aufgabe erreichten männliche vs. weibliche Teilnehmende durchschnittlich 26,6 vs. 26,1/35 Punkte der GRS (p = 0,7) und schlossen die Aufgabe in 8,1 ± 1,9 vs. 9,9 ± 0,4 min ab (p < 0,001). In der Durchführung der TURB erreichten männliche vs. weibliche Teilnehmende durchschnittlich 26,0 vs. 27,3/35 Punkte der GRS (p = 0,3) und benötigten hierfür 7,6 ± 1,9 vs. 7,7 ± 2,2 min (p = 0,9). Unter den Teilnehmenden mit beantworteter Basisbefragung und Evaluation (n = 33), hatten 16 (80 %) männliche vs. 3 (23 %) weibliche vor (p = 0,01) und 19 (95 %) männliche vs. 7 (54 %) weibliche Teilnehmende nach dem Workshop (p = 0,03) ein chirurgisches Selbstvertrauen, eine URS durchzuführen. Bezüglich der Durchführung einer TURB hatten 10 (50 %) männliche vs. 7 (54 %) weibliche vor (p = 0,1) und 15 (75 %) männliche vs. 10 (77 %) weibliche nach dem Workshop ein chirurgisches Selbstvertrauen (p = 1,0). Eine Zunahme des chirurgischen Selbstvertrauens für die Durchführung einer URS bzw. TURB hatten 9 (45 %) bzw. 10 (50 %) männliche und 9 (69 %) bzw. 8 (62 %) weibliche Teilnehmende.

Schlussfolgerung
Simulationsbasiertes Training steigert das chirurgische Selbstvertrauen. Bei vergleichbaren operativen Ergebnissen gehen weibliche ÄiW mit einem geringeren chirurgischen Selbstvertrauen an eine URS heran.

Graphic abstract
Influence of turning parameters on residual stresses and roughness of 42CrMo4 + QT
Authors: Díaz-Salamanca Diego , Muñiz-Calvente Miguel , Ebrahimzadeh Pejman , Llavori Iñigo , Zabala Alaitz , Pando Pablo , Álvarez Carlos Suárez , Fernández-Pariente Inés , Larrañaga Miren , Papuga Jan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResidual stresses and surface roughness have been recognized to play a critical role in the fatigue strength of metal components. Machining processes can induce different roughness and residual stress conditions depending on the parameters used in the process. Therefore, it is essential to develop knowledge that helps to predict the residual stresses and roughness that would be obtained from different machining conditions. Due to the growing interest from the industry in the use of 42CrMo4 steel because of its excellent mechanical properties, the main objective of this work is to establish two phenomenological models to accurately predict the residual stress and roughness values in turned specimens of this material. The models are derived from data of four process variables: (a) insert tip radius; (b) feed rate; (c) cutting speed; and (d) depth of cut. For this purpose, a wide experimental campaign has been developed, which includes the machining of 68 specimens under various cutting scenarios, and their subsequent measurement of residual stresses and roughness. Once the experimental data were obtained, the response surface method based on the central composite design was used to fit the models, obtaining a correlation index $${R}^{2}$$

R

2

higher than 0.9 in both cases. In this article, it is concluded that feed rate and insert radius have a greater effect on the residual stress and roughness obtained, while cutting speed and depth of cut have a lesser impact on the results. It is hoped that the findings will establish a groundwork for the machining of this material type, ensuring controlled conditions of residual stress and roughness.
The impact of task measurements on sequential dependence: a comparison between temporal reproduction and discrimination tasks
Authors: Cheng Si , Chen Siyi , Yang Xuefeng , Shi Zhuanghua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDecisions about a current stimulus are influenced by previously encountered stimuli, leading to sequential bias. However, the specific processing levels at which serial dependence emerges remain unclear. Despite considerable evidence pointing to contributions from perceptual and post-perceptual processes, as well as response carryover effects impacting subsequent judgments, research into how different task measurements affect sequential dependencies is limited. To address this gap, the present study investigated the role of task type in shaping sequential effects in time perception, employing a random-dot kinematogram (RDK) in a post-cue paradigm. Participants had to remember both the duration and the direction of the RDK movement and perform the task based on a post-cue, which was equally likely to be direction or duration. To delineate the task type, we employed the temporal bisection task in Experiment 1 and the duration reproduction task in Experiment 2. Both experiments revealed a significant sequential bias: durations were perceived as longer following longer previous durations, and vice versa. Intriguingly, the sequential effect was enhanced in the reproduction task following the same reproduction task (Experiment 2), but did not show significant variation by the task type in the bisection task (Experiment 1). Moreover, comparable response carryover effects were observed across two experiments. We argue that the differential impacts of task types on sequential dependence lies in the involvement of memory reactivation process in the decision stage, while the post-decision response carryover effect may reflect the assimilation by subjective, rather than objective, durations, potentially linking to the sticky pacemaker rate and/or decisional inertia.
Research prioritization in hernia surgery: a modified Delphi ACHQC and VHOC expert consensus
Authors: Remulla Daphne , Al-Mansour Mazen R. , Schneider Christopher , Phillips Sharon , Hope William W. , Bradley III Joel F. , Pierce Richard A. , Arias-Espinosa Luis , Bernardi Karla , Holihan Julie L. , Loor Michelle , Liang Mike K. , Miller Benjamin T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Numerous clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements have been published in hernia surgery, however, there is still a need for high-quality evidence to address remaining unanswered questions. The aim of this study was to conduct research priority setting through a modified Delphi process to identify a list of top research priorities in hernia surgery.

Methods
A structured literature review of clinical practice guidelines was performed by the steering committee. Topics considered clinically significant, practical to study and lacking strong evidence were extracted and refined into a comprehensive list, then entered into a two-round Delphi survey for prioritization at the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative (ACHQC) Quality Improvement Summit. In round 1, participants were instructed to select any topic that should be prioritized for future research. Topics were ranked according to the proportion of votes and the 25 highest-ranking topics were included in the second round. In round 2, participants were instructed to select only the top 10 topics for research prioritization.

Results
Eleven clinical practice guidelines were reviewed. Eighty-seven topics were extracted by the steering committee and submitted for prioritization. After the first round, 25 of the highest-ranking topics were determined and included in the second round. A final list of 11 research questions was identified. The hernia types with the most research interest were inguinal and epigastric/umbilical hernias. Other topics of high interest were the management of diastasis recti, primary versus mesh repairs and expectant management versus surgical repair.

Conclusion
Our study provides a research agenda generated through expert consensus that may be used in the prioritization of the design and funding of clinical trials in hernia surgery.