bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Chirality of Block Copolymers: From Twisted Morphologies to Nanospheres by Self‐Assembly
Authors: Suárez‐Suárez Silvia , Carriedo Gabino A. , Soto Alejandro Presa 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNew advances into the chirality effect in the self‐assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) have been achieved by tuning the helicity of the chiral‐core‐forming blocks. The chiral BCPs {[NP(R)‐O2C20H12]200−x[NP(OC5H4N)2]x}‐b‐ [NPMePh]50 ((R)‐O2C20H12=(R)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐dioxy, OC5H4N=4‐pyridinoxy (OPy); x=10, 30, 60, 100 for 3 a–d, respectively), in which the [NP(OPy)2] units are randomly distributed within the chiral block, have been synthesised. The chiroptical properties of the BCPs ([α]D vs. T and CD) demonstrated that the helicity of the BCP chains may be simply controlled by the relative proportion of the chiral and achiral (i.e., [NP(R)‐O2C20H12] and [NP(OPy)2], respectively) units. Thus, although 3 a only contained only 5 % [NP(OPy)2] units and exhibited a preferential helical sense, 3 d with 50 % of this unit adopted non‐preferred helical conformations. This gradual variation of the helicity allowed us to examine the chirality effect on the self‐assembly of chiral and helical BCPs (i.e., 3 a–c) and chiral but non‐helical BCPs (i.e., 3 d). The very significant influence of the helicity on the self‐assembly of these materials resulted in a variety of morphologies that extend from helical nanostructures to pearl‐necklace aggregates and nanospheres (i.e., 3 b and 3 d, respectively). We also demonstrate that the presence of pyridine moieties in BCPs 3 a–d allows specific decoration with gold nanoparticles.
Surface and Structural Investigation of a MnOx Birnessite‐Type Water Oxidation Catalyst Formed under Photocatalytic Conditions
Authors: Deibert Benjamin J. , Zhang Jingming , Smith Paul F. , Chapman Karena W. , Rangan Sylvie , Banerjee Debasis , Tan Kui , Wang Hao , Pasquale Nicholas , Chen Feng , Lee Ki‐Bum , Dismukes G. Charles , Chabal Yves J. , Li Jing 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCatalytically active MnOx species have been reported to form in situ from various Mn‐complexes during electrocatalytic and solution‐based water oxidation when employing cerium(IV) ammonium ammonium nitrate (CAN) oxidant as a sacrificial reagent. The full structural characterization of these oxides may be complicated by the presence of support material and lack of a pure bulk phase. For the first time, we show that highly active MnOx catalysts form without supports in situ under photocatalytic conditions. Our most active 4MnOx catalyst (∼0.84 mmol O2 mol Mn−1 s−1) forms from a Mn4O4 bearing a metal–organic framework. 4MnOx is characterized by pair distribution function analysis (PDF), Raman spectroscopy, and HR‐TEM as a disordered, layered Mn‐oxide with high surface area (216 m2g−1) and small regions of crystallinity and layer flexibility. In contrast, the SMnOx formed from Mn2+ salt gives an amorphous species of lower surface area (80 m2g−1) and lower activity (∼0.15 mmol O2 mol Mn−1 s−1). We compare these catalysts to crystalline hexagonal birnessite, which activates under the same conditions. Full deconvolution of the XPS Mn2p3/2 core levels detects enriched Mn3+ and Mn2+ content on the surfaces, which indicates possible disproportionation/comproportionation surface equilibria.
Wir können besser riechen als wir denken
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDer menschliche Geruchssinn galt lange nur als eine verkümmerte Version der bei anderen Säugern viel stärker ausgeprägten Fähigkeiten. Dennoch können wir eine Billion Gerüche unterscheiden, und wenn wir sie nicht benennen können, ist nicht unsere Nase schuld. Unsere Fähigkeit, die Signale von über 350 verschiedenen Chemosensoren kombinatorisch auszuwerten, ist immer noch bemerkenswert und ermöglicht einzigartige Einblicke in die Mechanismen der Sinneswahrnehmungen und deren Evolution.
The use of FNA samples for whole‐exome sequencing and detection of somatic mutations in breast cancer surgical specimens
Authors: Lee Han‐Byoel , Joung Je‐Gun , Kim Jisun , Lee Kyung‐Min , Ryu Han Suk , Lee Hae‐Ock , Moon Hyeong‐Gon , Park Woong‐Yang , Noh Dong‐Young , Han Wonshik 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDThe availability of suitable biospecimens is critical to the success of advanced genomic analyses. The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) compared with gross surgical sampling (GSS) from surgical specimens for the detection of somatic mutations in breast cancer using whole‐exome sequencing (WES).METHODSDNA was extracted from paired GSS tissues and FNA samples of surgically resected breast cancer from 12 patients and was used for WES. Sanger sequencing was performed to validate selected somatic mutations. Tumor purity was calculated for each sample using sequencing data.RESULTSThere was no difference in the total amount of DNA extracted from GSS tissues and FNA samples. WES was successfully performed for all 12 pairs of samples. The median number of somatic mutations identified in individual samples was higher in FNA samples than in GSS tissues (39.5 vs 18.5; P = .036). The somatic mutation profiles from both sampling methods were well correlated for samples that had GSS tissues with high tumor content, as indicated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Nineteen mutations that were identified exclusively in FNA samples were subjected to Sanger sequencing, and 13 of those mutations (68.4%) were validated. The mean estimated tumor purity was higher in FNA samples than in GSS tissues (55.87% vs 25.76%), and FNA samples were estimated to have a consistently higher proportion of malignant cells.CONCLUSIONSThe current results suggest that FNA is feasible for the collection of tumor samples sufficient for WES analysis and that the higher purity obtained using this method may make it more reliable for genomic studies. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:669–677. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
IAMMAC: an interference‐aware multichannel MAC protocol for wireless sensor–actor networks
Authors: Kakarla Jagadeesh , Majhi Banshidhar , Battula Ramesh Babu 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we discuss an interference aware multichannel MAC (IAMMAC) protocol assign channels for communication in wireless sensor‐actor networks. An actor acts as a cluster head for k‐hop sensors and computes the shortest path for all the sensors. Then, the actor partitions the cluster into multiple subtrees and assigns a noninterference channel to each subtree. The actor 1‐hop sensors are represented as relay nodes. The actor selects a relay node as a backup cluster head (BCH) based on the residual energy and node degree. After selecting a BCH from the relay nodes, the actor broadcast this information to the remaining relay nodes using the common control channel. The relay sensors use the same channel of BCH to communicate with it. However, the other cluster members do not change their data channel. Further, interference‐aware and throughput‐aware multichannel MAC protocol is also proposed for actor–actor coordination. The performance of the proposed IAMMAC protocol is analyzed using standard network parameters such as packet delivery ratio, goodput, end‐to‐end delay, and energy dissipation in the network. The obtained simulation results indicate that the IAMMAC protocol has superior performance as compared with the existing MAC protocols. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Silica@Ni‐Co Mixed Metal Oxide Core–Shell Nanorattles and Their Potential Use as Effective Adsorbents for Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Kandula Syam , Jeevanandam Pethaiyan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSiO2@Ni‐Co mixed metal oxide core–shell nanorattles with different Ni2+/Co2+ molar ratios have been successfully synthesized through a facile, inexpensive self‐template route by the calcination of SiO2@Ni‐Co layered double hydroxides at 500 °C. The formation of SiO2@Ni‐Co mixed metal oxide core–shell nanorattles has been confirmed by an array of characterization techniques. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) analysis indicates a hierarchical flowerlike morphology for the SiO2@Ni‐Co mixed metal oxide core–shell nanorattles, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirms the formation of core–shell nanorattles. The diffuse reflectance spectra of the SiO2@Ni‐Co mixed metal oxide core–shell nanorattles show two band‐gap absorptions attributed to metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer transitions (Mn+→O2–). The SiO2@Ni‐Co mixed metal oxide core–shell nanorattles have been explored as effective adsorbents for the removal of rhodamine B, methylene blue, and their mixture from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of the single dye systems follows Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, whereas a binary Langmuir model has been applied for the binary dye systems. The SiO2@Ni‐Co mixed metal oxide core–shell nanorattles possess higher adsorption capacity for the individual dyes than for the mixture of dyes. Kinetic studies indicate that the adsorptions of rhodamine B, methylene blue, and their mixture follow pseudo‐second‐order kinetics.
Online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the parietal operculum disrupts haptic memory for grasping
Authors: Cattaneo Luigi , Maule Francesca , Tabarelli Davide , Brochier Thomas , Barchiesi Guido 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe parietal operculum (OP) contains haptic memory on the geometry of objects that is readily transferrable to the motor cortex but a causal role of OP in memory‐guided grasping is only speculative. We explored this issue by using online high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The experimental task was performed by blindfolded participants acting on objects of variable size. Trials consisted in three phases: haptic exploration of an object, delay, and reach‐grasp movement onto the explored object. Motor performance was evaluated by the kinematics of finger aperture. Online rTMS was applied to the left OP region separately in each of the three phases of the task. The results showed that rTMS altered grip aperture only when applied in the delay phase to the OP. In a second experiment a haptic discriminative (match‐to‐sample) task was carried out on objects similar to those used in the first experiment. Online rTMS was applied to the left OP. No psychophysical effects were induced by rTMS on the detection of explicit haptic object size. We conclude that neural activity in the OP region is necessary for proficient memory‐guided haptic grasping. The function of OP seems to be critical while maintaining the haptic memory trace and less so while encoding it or retrieving it. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4262–4271, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Healing of chronic wounds with adjunctive ablative fractional laser resurfacing in two pediatric patients
Authors: Krakowski Andrew C. , Diaz Lucia , Admani Shehla , Uebelhoer Nathan S. , Shumaker Peter R. 
Published: August 2015

Background and ObjectivesThe development of chronic non‐healing wounds is multifactorial and can lead to increased patient morbidity. When traditional wound care methods fail, alternative treatments are needed to prevent chronic ulcer complications. Ablative fractional laser resurfacing (AFR) is an emerging therapy for chronic wounds. We report the successful use of AFR to facilitate the healing of chronic wounds in two pediatric patients.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis is a case series including two patients with chronic wounds within scars that were treated with a micro‐fractionated carbon dioxide (CO2) laser in a single pass at a pulse energy of 50 mJ and a treatment density of 5%. One patient had one treatment and the other had two treatments 1 month apart.ResultsAFR led to rapid healing of chronic wounds in both pediatric patients. The wounds remained epithelialized after 9 months in one patient and 4 months in the other. There were no complications.ConclusionsThe combination of tolerability and efficacy observed in these cases introduces AFR as a potential promising adjunct to existing treatments for chronic, non‐healing wounds in the pediatric population. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:166–169, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Streptococcus pneumoniae Genome‐wide Identification and Characterization of BOX Element‐binding Domains
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Wang Changzheng , Wan Min , Wu Yin , Ma Qianli 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe BOX elements are short repetitive DNA sequences that distribute randomly in intergenic regions of the Streptococcus pneumoniae genome. The function and origin of such elements are still unknown, but they were found to modulate expression of neighboring genes. Evidences suggested that the modulation’s mechanism can be fulfilled by sequence‐specific interaction of BOX elements with transcription factor family proteins. However, the type and function of these BOX‐binding proteins still remain largely unexplored to date. In the current study we described a synthetic protocol to investigate the recognition and interaction between a highly conserved site of BOX elements and the DNA‐binding domains of a variety of putative transcription factors in the pneumococcal genome. With the protocol we were able to predict those high‐affinity domain binders of the conserved BOX DNA site (BOX DNA) in a high‐throughput manner, and analyzed sequence‐specific interaction in the domainDNA recognition at molecular level. Consequently, a number of putative transcription factor domains with both high affinity and specificity for the BOX DNA were identified, from which the helix‐turn‐helix (HTH) motif of a small heat shock factor was selected as a case study and tested for its binding capability toward the double‐stranded BOX DNA using fluorescence anisotropy analysis. As might be expected, a relatively high affinity was detected for the interaction of HTH motif with BOX DNA with dissociation constant at nanomolar level. Molecular dynamics simulation, atomic structure examination and binding energy analysis revealed a complicated network of intensive nonbonded interactions across the complex interface, which confers both stability and specificity for the complex architecture.
Spata19 is critical for sperm mitochondrial function and male fertility
Authors: Mi Yongjie , Shi Zhao , Li Jian 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARYHaploid round spermatids undergo differentiation and morphogenesis during spermiogenesis, resulting in mature spermatozoa. The molecular details underlying this transformation, however, remain poorly understood. In this study, we generated and analyzed germ cell‐specific Spata19 knockout mice (Spata19flox/flox; Stra8‐Cre; hereafter termed “Spata19 cKO”) to assess the model that SPATA19 contributes to mitochondrial function in differentiating spermatids. Spata19‐cKO males were infertile, as their sperm exhibited disorganized mitochondrial structure; furthermore, their sperm‐abundance of mitochondrial proteins, activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV, and ATP levels were significantly reduced. Yet, the infertility of Spata19‐cKO males was rescued by intracytoplasmic sperm injection, so the sperm are capable of initiating development. Collectively, our findings suggest that SPATA19 plays an important role in sperm motility by regulating the organization and function of the mitochondria. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 907–913, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fascicular involvement in common fibular neuropathy: Evaluation with ultrasound
Authors: Bignotti Bianca , Cadoni Angela , Assini Andrea , Martinoli Carlo , Tagliafico Alberto 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe aim of this study was to demonstrate single fascicular involvement in common fibular (CF) neuropathy using high‐resolution ultrasound (US). Methods: We prospectively enrolled 40 adult patients with clinical and electrodiagnostic suspected CF neuropathy between April 2012 and December 2014. Two musculoskeletal radiologists used high‐resolution US probes to prospectively and independently evaluate the CF nerve bilaterally in these patients. The presence of single fascicular involvement (increased cross‐sectional area and loss of fascicular echotexture) was recorded. Results: US revealed involvement of only 1 fascicular component of the CF nerve in 7 patients. In all these patients, US revealed involvement of the anterior fascicles corresponding to fibers for the deep fibular nerve. Conclusions: High‐resolution US allowed identification of single fascicular involvement in CF neuropathy. Anterior fascicular involvement was present in up to 17% of patients with suspected CF neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 53: 532–537, 2016
Effect of concomitant single incision vaginal surgery on mid urethral sling success
Authors: Aydın Serdar , Arıoğlu Aydın Çağrı 
Published: August 2015

AimsThe aim of this study was to assess medium‐term outcomes of the single anterior vaginal wall incision technique with concomitant mid‐urethral sling (MUS) procedure.MethodsPatients suffering from stress urinary incontinence and who desired surgical correction for their incontinence were divided into two groups according to MUS surgery alone or MUS surgery with anterior vaginal wall surgery. Concomitant surgery was performed via single large anterior vaginal wall incision. Primary outcome was treatment success 12 months after surgery. Urodynamic and baseline factors that may be associated with surgery failure were analyzed.ResultsSingle incision anterior colporrhaphy with MUS was performed in 180 patients, 62 patients underwent only MUS procedure. Success rate was 87.1% in sling surgery alone and 83.9% in single incision concomitant surgery group (P = 0.5). Detrusor overactivity (DO) was present on UDS in 23 of 37 women (62.2%) with MUS failure, 81 of 205 women (39.7%) with no stress test positivity with the cough stress test (P < 0.05). Total continence rate in patients who underwent vaginal hysterectomy was 60.6% (P < 0.001).ConclusionConcurrent cystocele repair with MUS operations through a single anterior wall incision is a safe and effective method for SUI. This study demonstrated an increased risk of surgery failure for those who underwent a concurrent hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:995–999, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shotgun metaproteomic profiling of biomimetic anaerobic digestion processes treating sewage sludge
Authors: Bize Ariane , Cardona Laëtitia , Desmond‐Le Quéméner Elie , Battimelli Audrey , Badalato Nelly , Bureau Chrystelle , Madigou Céline , Chevret Didier , Guillot Alain , Monnet Véronique , Godon Jean‐Jacques , Bouchez Théodore 
Published: August 2015

Two parallel anaerobic digestion lines were designed to match a “bovid‐like” digestive structure. Each of the lines consisted of two continuous stirred tank reactors placed in series and separated by an acidic treatment step. The first line was inoculated with industrial inocula whereas the second was seeded with cow digestive tract contents. After 3 months of continuous sewage sludge feeding, samples were recovered for shotgun metaproteomic and DNA‐based analysis. Strikingly, protein‐inferred and 16S ribosomal DNA tags based taxonomic community profiles were not consistent. PCA however revealed a similar clustering pattern of the samples, suggesting that reproducible methodological and/or biological factors underlie this observation. The performances of the two digestion lines did not differ significantly and the cow‐derived inocula did not establish in the reactors. A low throughput metagenomic dataset (3.4 × 106 reads, 1.1 Gb) was also generated for one of the samples. It allowed a substantial increase of the analysis depth (11 vs. 4% of spectral identification rate for the combined samples). Surprisingly, a high proportion of proteins from members of the "Candidatus Competibacter" group, a key microbial player usually found in activated sludge plants, was retrieved in our anaerobic digester samples. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002420 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD002420).
Siblings' experiences of their brother's or sister's cancer death: a nationwide follow‐up 2–9 years later
Authors: Lövgren Malin , Jalmsell Li , Eilegård Wallin Alexandra , Steineck Gunnar , Kreicbergs Ulrika 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine siblings' experiences of their brother's or sister's cancer death and if these experiences influenced levels of anxiety 2–9 years later.MethodsThis nationwide survey was conducted in Sweden in 2009. All siblings who had a brother/sister who was diagnosed with cancer before the age of 17 years and who died before the age of 25 years during 2000–2007 were invited. Of those, 174 siblings participated (participation rate: 73%). Mixed data from the survey about the siblings' experiences of death were included as well as data from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. To examine the experiences, descriptive statistics and content analysis were used. Mann–Whitney U‐test was conducted to investigate if the experiences influenced anxiety 2–9 years later.ResultsThe siblings reported poor knowledge and experienced a lack of communication about their brother's/sister's death, for example, about the time frame, bodily changes near death, and about their own experiences. Siblings who reported that no one talked with them about what to expect when their brother/sister was going to die reported higher levels of anxiety 2–9 years after the loss. Seventy percent reported that they witnessed their brother/sister suffering in the last hours in life. Many of those who were not present during the illness period and at the time of death expressed regret.ConclusionIt is important to prepare siblings for their brother's/sister's illness and death as it may decrease anxiety and regrets later on. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.