bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibration damping characterization of linseed oil‐based elastomers for its effectiveness to attenuate structural vibration
Authors: Das Rakesh , Kumar Rajesh , Kundu Patit P. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTVibration damping properties of elastomers prepared from linseed oil were characterized by dynamic mechanical analyzer in a temperature range of −50 to 100°C and frequency range of 5 Hz to 1 kHz. The maximum damping loss factor,
varies from 0.78 to 1.32, the room temperature (25°C) loss factor,
in the range of 0.56–1.08 and the temperature range (
) for effective damping
varies from 63°C to 74.4°C in different elastomers. The elastomers behave as a good vibration damper both in lower and higher frequency range. Thus these elastomers exhibit good damping behavior in a wide range of temperature and frequency, a primary requirement for practical damping applications. A modal constrained layer damping system constructed utilizing these elastomers exhibits its potentiality to attenuate structural vibrations with respect to mild steel bare plate resonator under laboratory fabricated testing methodology. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3611–3623, 2013
Synthesis of Wurtzite Cu2ZnGeSe4 Nanocrystals and their Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Xue Ding‐Jiang , Jiao Fei , Yan Hui‐Juan , Xu Wei , Zhu Daoben , Guo Yu‐Guo , Wan Li‐Jun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn unusual wurtzite phase of Cu2ZnGeSe4 (CZGSe) has been discovered and its corresponding nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized by using a facile hot‐injection solution‐phase synthesis method. Moreover, the formation mechanism of this new phase of CZGSe, instead of the typically observed stannite structure, has been investigated in detail, which indicates that wurtzite CZGSe, which represents the kinetic phase, could be prepared by using a kinetic growth process without phase transformation into the thermodynamically stable stannite structure during the colloidal synthesis. In addition, the potential of wurtzite CZGSe as a thermoelectric material is demonstrated by characterizing the thermoelectric properties of as‐synthesized wurtzite CZGSe NCs. This work allows for a rational manipulation of the NCs with a desired crystal structure through adjusting the thermodynamics and kinetics without using any additives and, because of its simplicity and versatility, it may be extended to the phase‐controlled synthesis of other chalcogenide NCs.
Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse: Delays, Non‐disclosure and Partial Disclosure. What the Research Tells Us and Implications for Practice
Authors: McElvaney Rosaleen 
Published: June 2013

This paper reviews the research on disclosure of child sexual abuse with specific reference to delays in disclosing, non‐disclosure and partial disclosure of experiences of child sexual abuse. Findings from large‐scale national probability studies highlight the prevalence of both non‐disclosure and delays in disclosure, while findings from small‐scale qualitative studies portray the complexity, diversity and individuality of experiences. The possible explanations regarding why children are reluctant to disclose such experiences have significant implications for addressing the issue of child sexual abuse from the perspectives of child protection, legal and therapeutic professionals. The importance of understanding the dynamics of disclosure, in particular the needs of young people to maintain control over the disclosure process, the important role that peers play in this process, the responses of adults in both informal and formal networks, and the opportunities to tell, is key to helping young people speak more promptly about their experiences of sexual abuse. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘The importance of understanding the dynamics of disclosure’Key Practitioner Messages
Children typically delay disclosing experiences of abuse.
Asking children questions about their wellbeing gives them the opportunity to tell when they are ready.
The challenge is to find the right questions at the right time.
Peers can be the right people to ask these questions.
Adolescents need to know about how to ask and what to do if someone tells.
Adolescents need to know about how to ask and what to do if someone tells.
It is nice to be important, but it is more important to be nice: Country‐of‐origin's perceived warmth in product failures
Authors: Xu Huimin , Leung Ada , Yan Ruoh‐Nan (Terry) 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough a large body of research has documented country‐of‐origin effects, very few works have inquired systematic differences in the content of national stereotypes that shape attitudes toward foreign products and their manufacturers. Drawing from the stereotype content model, the authors propose that the often ignored warmth dimension of the origin country is as important as (sometimes more important than) the well‐studied competence dimension in certain situations. As shown in two studies, perceived warmth of the origin country predicts purchase intention in normal situations as well as after product failure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral Discrimination of Ammonium Neurotransmitters by C3‐Symmetric Enantiopure Hemicryptophane Hosts
Authors: Schmitt Aline , Chatelet Bastien , Collin Solène , Dutasta Jean‐Pierre , Martinez Alexandre 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTEnantiopure hemicryptophanes efficiently discriminate chiral ammonium neurotransmitters. The ephedrine and norephedrine molecules associate with hemicryptophane hosts to form 1:1 and 1:2 host‐guest complexes. Binding constants are determined by fitting the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titration curves to give β1 and β2 values, which are used to characterize the diastereomeric and enantiomeric discriminating potentials of the hosts. Chirality 25:47–479, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rosten gegen Gelenkschmerzen?
Authors: Pöhls Christin , Busker Maike 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDas Rosten von Eisen ist ein typisches Beispiel für die Sauerstoffkorrosion von Eisen. Was beim Verrosten von Gegenständen wie beispielsweise einem Fahrrad ein Ärgernis darstellt, findet dagegen in Wärmepflastern der Firma ALTAPHARMA in nützlicher Art und Weise Verwendung. In diesem Beitrag wird eine mit schulischen Mitteln mögliche Untersuchung dieser Wärmepflaster vorgestellt sowie das Funktionsprinzip erläutert und die Verwendbarkeit anderer Metalle diskutiert.Rusting is a typical example for corrosion caused by oxygen. In many respects, rusting of objects (e.g. bikes) can be annoying. However, the company ALTAPHARMA uses this effect in heat wraps to obtain a positive therapeutic response. In this study, different experiments are shown where high school students can investigate the working principle of heat wraps and explore the corrosion effects of other metals.
Structured Water Molecules in the Binding Site of Bromodomains Can Be Displaced by Cosolvent
Authors: Huang Danzhi , Rossini Emanuele , Steiner Sandra , Caflisch Amedeo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBromodomains are α‐helical bundles of approximately 110 residues that recognize acetylated lysine side chains mainly on histone tails. Bromodomains are known to play an important role in cancer and inflammation, and as such, significant efforts are being made to identify small‐molecule inhibitors of these epigenetic reader proteins. Here, explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of two bromodomains (BAZ2B and CREBBP) are used to analyze the water molecules that seem to be conserved at the bottom of the acetyl‐lysine binding site in most crystal structures of bromodomains. The MD runs suggest that the occupancy of the structured water molecules is influenced by conformational transitions of the loop that connects helices Z and A. Additional simulations in the presence of 50 molecules of cosolvent (i.e., 440 mM of dimethylsulfoxide, methanol, or ethanol) indicate that some of the structured water molecules can be displaced transiently. The residence time in the acetyl‐lysine binding site is calculated to be about 1 ns, 2–5 ns, and 10–30 ns for methanol, ethanol, and dimethylsulfoxide, respectively, while the affinity of the three cosolvents for BAZ2B and CREBBP is in the range of 50–500 mM. The results described have implications for ligand design, suggesting that only structured water molecules that do not exchange with cosolvent should be maintained in crystal structures used for docking campaigns, and that hydroxy substituents should be incorporated in the ligand so as to map the structured water molecules replaced by (m)ethanol.
Using graphics processing units to investigate molecular coevolution
Authors: Waechter Michael , Jaeger Kathrin , Thuerck Daniel , Weissgraeber Stephanie , Widmer Sven , Goesele Michael , Hamacher Kay 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYWe present a massively parallel implementation of the computation of (co)evolutionary signals from biomolecular sequence alignments based on mutual information (MI) and a normalization procedure to neutral evolution. The MI is computed for two‐point and three‐point correlations within any multiple sequence alignment. We meet the high computational demand in the normalization procedure efficiently with an implementation on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) using NVIDIA's CUDA framework. In particular, the normalization of the MI for three‐point ‘cliques’ of amino acids or nucleotides requires large sampling numbers in the normalization, which we achieve by using GPUs. GPU computation serves as an enabling technology here insofar as MI normalization is also possible using traditional computational methods [1] or cluster computation, but only GPU computation makes MI normalization for sequence analysis feasible in a statistically sufficient sample and in acceptable time given affordable commodity hardware. We illustrate (i) the computational efficiency and (ii) the biological usefulness of two‐point and three‐point MI by applications to the well‐known protein calmodulin and the variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) of Trypanosoma brucei, which are subject to involved evolutionary pressure. Here, we find striking coevolutionary patterns and distinct information on the molecular evolution of these molecules that question previous work that relied on non‐efficient MI computations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal power allocation for cognitive radio networks with relay‐assisted directional transmission
Authors: Nouri Narges , Noori Narges 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, the problem of power allocation in a cooperative cognitive radio (CR) network is investigated. An optimal power allocation is proposed to maximize efficiency of the secondary network in which secondary users transmit simultaneously over a spectral band assigned to the primary users. The CR network employs directional relays to improve efficiency of the communication links and minimize interference introduced to the primary users. Unlike the conventional cooperative relay‐assisted network, the directional relays are grouped in clusters. This clustering technique along with directional transmission can significantly reduce interference to the primary links and improve the system performance. Two algorithms are also developed on the basis of the penalty method to determine unknown transmission powers. Some corroborant numerical examples are provided to illustrate quick convergence behavior of the proposed algorithms and great superiority of employing clustered directional relays in cooperative CR networks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Populations at risk: conservation genetics of kangaroo mice (Microdipodops) of the Great Basin Desert
Authors: Andersen John J. , Portnoy David S. , Hafner John C. , Light Jessica E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe Great Basin Desert of western North America has experienced frequent habitat alterations due to a complex biogeographic history and recent anthropogenic impacts, with the more recent alterations likely resulting in the decline of native fauna and flora. Dark (Microdipodops megacephalus) and pallid (M. pallidus) kangaroo mice are ecological specialists found within the Great Basin Desert and are potentially ideal organisms for assessing ecosystem health and inferring the biogeographic history of this vulnerable region. Herein, newly acquired nuclear‐encoded microsatellite loci were utilized to assess patterns of variation within and among spatially discrete groups of kangaroo mice and to evaluate gene flow, demographic trends, and genetic integrity. Results confirm that there are at least three genetically distinct units within M. megacephalus and two such units within M. pallidus. The three units of M. megacephalus appear to have different demographic histories, with effectively no gene flow among them since their divergence. Similarly, the two units of M. pallidus also appear to have experienced different demographic histories, with effectively no gene exchange. Contemporary effective population sizes of all groups within Microdipodops appear to be low (<500), suggesting that each genetic lineage may have difficulty coping with changing environmental pressures and hence may be at risk of extirpation. Results of this study indicate that each Microdipodops group should be recognized, and therefore managed, as a separate unit in an effort to conserve these highly specialized taxa that contribute to the diversity of the Great Basin Desert ecosystem.
Experimental demonstration of a parasite‐induced immune response in wild birds: Darwin's finches and introduced nest flies
Authors: Koop Jennifer A. H. , Owen Jeb P. , Knutie Sarah A. , Aguilar Maria A. , Clayton Dale H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEcological immunology aims to explain variation among hosts in the strength and efficacy of immunological defenses. However, a shortcoming has been the failure to link host immune responses to actual parasites under natural conditions. Here, we present one of the first experimental demonstrations of a parasite‐induced immune response in a wild bird population. The recently introduced ectoparasitic nest fly Philornis downsi severely impacts the fitness of Darwin's finches and other land birds in the Galápagos Islands. An earlier study showed that female medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) had P. downsi‐binding antibodies correlating with presumed variation in fly exposure over time. In the current study, we experimentally manipulated fly abundance to test whether the fly does, in fact, cause changes in antibody levels. We manipulated P. downsi abundance in nests and quantified P. downsi‐binding antibody levels of medium ground finch mothers, fathers, and nestlings. We also quantified host behaviors, such as preening, which can integrate with antibody‐mediated defenses against ectoparasites. Philornis downsi‐binding antibody levels were significantly higher among mothers at parasitized nests, compared to mothers at (fumigated) nonparasitized nests. Mothers with higher antibody levels tended to have fewer parasites in their nests, suggesting that antibodies play a role in defense against parasites. Mothers showed no behavioral changes that would enhance the effectiveness of the immune response. Neither adult males, nor nestlings, had P. downsi‐induced immunological or behavioral responses that would enhance defense against flies. None of the parasitized nests fledged any offspring, despite the immune response by mothers. Thus, this study shows that, while the immune response of mothers appeared to be defensive, it was not sufficient to rescue current reproductive fitness. This study further shows the importance of testing the fitness consequences of immune defenses, rather than assuming that such responses increase host fitness.
Can migrants escape from density dependence?
Authors: Marco‐Rius Francisco , Caballero Pablo , Morán Paloma , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMigration is thought to maximize growth by enabling individuals to escape from density dependence, but this has rarely been tested at the individual level in natural populations. We employed linear mixed modeling of the spacing between consecutive scale growth rings to reconstruct individual growth profiles of a paradigmatic fish migrant, the sea trout (Salmo trutta) and related these to estimates of year class strength over a 13‐year period. Variation in scale growth was 1.3 times greater among individuals than within individuals in freshwater and 10 times greater at sea. Scale growth was inversely related to year class strength, both in freshwater (before migration) and at sea (after migration). Competition for patchily distributed resources is the most plausible explanation of the negative density‐dependent growth observed in freshwater and, to a lesser extent, in the marine environment. Our study provides some of the strongest evidence for a role of density dependence in determining partial migrations because although migrants can maximize growth by moving into the sea, they do not appear to become free from density dependence constraints completely. This has implications for conservation and suggests that sea trout and other anadromous fish displaying partial migrations may not be best managed on a river by river basis, but rather from a broader, coastal perspective.
End‐Group‐Differentiating Ozonolysis of Norbornene Systems To Afford Highly Substituted Cyclopentane Rings
Authors: Testero Sebastián A. , Mangione María I. , Suárez Alejandra G. , Spanevello Rolando A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe end‐group‐differentiating ozonolysis concept is discussed, with an emphasis on norbornene systems. Different remote functional groups in endo positions in norbornene derivatives are able to direct the primary ozonide fragmentation. By analysis of the factors affecting the regioselectivity, a rule to predict the direction of the primary ozonide rupture is formulated. These reactions give access to highly substituted cyclopentane rings and provide opportunities for their subsequent regioselective manipulation.
Levels and distribution of tetrabromobisphenol A and hexabromocyclododecane in Taihu Lake, China
Authors: Xu Jian , Zhang Yuan , Guo Changsheng , He Yan , Li Lei , Meng Wei 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

The occurrence and distribution characteristics of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in water and sediments from Taihu Lake, China, were investigated. The analytes were quantified by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The TBBPA levels in water ranged from below the limit of detection (LOD) to 1.12 ng/L, whereas levels in sediments were between 0.056 ng/g dry weight and 2.15 ng/g dry weight. Regarding HBCD, concentrations were from below the LOD to 0.37 ng/L for water samples and from 0.046 ng/g dry weight to 2.56 ng/g dry weight for sediments. No correlation was found between sediment total organic carbon content and TBBPA/HBCDs, while significant positive correlations (r2 = 0.63, p &lt; 0.005) were observed between TBBPA concentrations and HBCD concentrations in sediments. The highest TBBPA (2.15 ng/g dry wt) and total HBCD concentration (2.56 ng/g dry wt) was found at sampling site 1 (S1), while total HBCD levels fell dramatically with increasing distance from S1, suggesting that the estuary inputs around Taihu Lake were important sources of TBBPA and HBCDs. Compared with the pollution levels in the other regions of the world, the concentrations of TBBPA and HBCDs in Taihu Lake were at a moderate or low level. Further study on the sources of TBBPA and HBCDs is required for both assessment of their potential risks and better pollution management in Taihu Lake. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2249–2255. © 2013 SETAC
The association between race and gender, treatment attitudes, and antidepressant treatment adherence
Authors: Burnett‐Zeigler Inger , Kim H. Myra , Chiang Claire , Kavanagh Janet , Zivin Kara , Rockefeller Katherin , Sirey Jo Anne , Kales Helen C. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesWe examined the associations between treatment attitudes and beliefs with race–gender differences in antidepressant adherence.MethodsSubjects (n = 186) were African‐American and White subjects aged ≥60 years, diagnosed with clinically significant depression, and had a new outpatient primary care recommendation for antidepressant treatment. Antidepressant adherence was assessed using the Brief Medication Questionnaire. Attitudes and beliefs were assessed using the Patients Attitudes Toward and Ratings of Care for Depression, two items rating perceived medication importance, and a modified version of the Stigma Scale for Receiving Psychological Help.ResultsAfrican‐American men and women had significantly greater concerns about antidepressants and significantly less understanding about treatment than White women. African‐American men had significantly more negative attitudes toward healthcare providers than African‐American and White women. African‐American women were more likely than White men and women to endorse a medication other than their antidepressant as most important. Whereas some race–gender differences were found in personal spirituality, no group differences were found in perceived stigma. In a logistic regression model adjusted for key baseline variables, White women were significantly more adherent to antidepressants than African‐American women (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.06–8.81). Fewer concerns about antidepressants and indicating the antidepressant as the most important medication were both significantly associated with adherence. After including either of these two variables, the adherence difference between White women and African‐American women was no longer significant (OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 0.84–7.80).ConclusionsConcerns about antidepressants and the importance of antidepressant medication are associated with adherence and are potentially modifiable through improved patient–provider communication, psycho‐education, and therapeutic interventions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anthropogenic contributions to Australia's record summer temperatures of 2013
Authors: Lewis Sophie C. , Karoly David J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAnthropogenic contributions to the record hot 2013 Australian summer are investigated using a suite of climate model experiments. This was the hottest Australian summer in the observational record. Australian area‐average summer temperatures for simulations with natural forcings only were compared to simulations with anthropogenic and natural forcings for the period 1976–2005 and the RCP8.5 high emission simulation (2006–2020) from nine Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 models. Using fraction of attributable risk to compare the likelihood of extreme Australian summer temperatures between the experiments, it was very likely (>90% confidence) there was at least a 2.5 times increase in the odds of extreme heat due to human influences using simulations to 2005, and a fivefold increase in this risk using simulations for 2006–2020. The human contribution to the increased odds of Australian summer extremes like 2013 was substantial, while natural climate variations alone, including El Niño Southern Oscillation, are unlikely to explain the record temperature.