bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing statistical parametric mapping analysis of 18F-FDG PET in children
Authors: Archambaud Frederique , Bouilleret Viviane , Hertz-Pannier Lucie , Chaumet-Riffaud Philippe , Rodrigo Sebastian , Dulac Olivier , Chassoux Francine , Chiron Catherine 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) procedure is an objective tool to analyze 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose-positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET) images and a useful complement to visual analysis. However, SPM requires a comparison to control data set that cannot be obtained in healthy children for ethical reasons. Using adults as controls showed some limitations. The purpose of the present study was to generate and validate a group of pseudo-normal children as a control group for FDG-PET studies in pediatrics.

Methods
FDG-PET images of 47 children (mean ± SD age 10.2 ± 3.1 years) with refractory symptomatic (MRI-positive, n = 20) and cryptogenic (MRI-negative, n = 27) focal epilepsy planned for surgery were analyzed using visual and SPM analysis. Performances of SPM analysis were compared using two different control groups: (1) an adult control group consisting of healthy young adults (n = 25, 30.5 ± 5.8 years, adult PET template) and (2) a pediatric pseudo-control group consisting of patients (n = 24, 10.6 ± 3.1 years, children PET template) with refractory focal epilepsy but with negative MRI and with PET considered normal not only on visual analysis but also on SPM.

Results
Among the 47 children, visual analysis succeeded detecting at least one hypometabolic area in 87% of the cases (interobserver kappa = 0.81). Regarding SPM analysis, the best compromise between sensitivity and specificity was obtained with a threshold of p less than 0.001 as an extent of more than 40 voxels. There was a significant concordance to detect hypometabolic areas between both SPM analyses [kappa (K) = 0.59; p < 0.005] and between both SPM and visual analyses (K = 0.45; p < 0.005), in symptomatic (K = 0.74; p < 0.005) as in cryptogenic patients (K = 0.26; p < 0.01). The pediatric pseudo-control group dramatically improved specificity (97% vs. 89%; p < 0.0001) by increasing the positive predictive value (86% vs. 65%). Sensitivity remained acceptable although it was not better (79% vs. 87%, p = 0.039). The main impact was to reduce by 41% the number of hypometabolic cortical artifacts detected by SPM, especially in the younger epileptic patients, which is a key point in clinical practice.

Conclusions
This age-matched pseudo-control group is a way to optimize SPM analysis of FDG-PET in children with epilepsy. It might also be considered for other brain pathologies in pediatrics in the future.
Release Kinetics of Copeptin in Patients Undergoing Transcoronary Ablation of Septal Hypertrophy
Authors: Liebetrau Christoph , Nef Holger , Szardien Sebastian , Dörr Oliver , Willmer Matthias , Voss Sandra , Troidl Christian , Hoffmann Jedrzej , Rixe Johannes , Rolf Andreas , Hamm Christian , Möllmann Helge 
Published: January 2013

BACKGROUND
The release kinetics of copeptin in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been difficult to establish.

METHODS
We analyzed the release kinetics of copeptin in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy undergoing transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy (TASH) as a model of AMI. We included 21 consecutive patients who underwent TASH. Blood samples were collected before and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 105 min, and at 2, 4, 8, and 24 h after TASH. Serum copeptin was quantified by a sandwich immunoluminometric assay.

RESULTS
All patients had copeptin concentrations below the 99th percentile at baseline. The median copeptin concentration was significantly increased at 30 min [16.0 pmol/L; interquartile range (IQR), 13.4–20.2 pmol/L], compared with the median baseline concentration (6.6 pmol/L; IQR, 5.3–8.3 pmol/L; P = 0.002). The copeptin concentration peaked 90 min after induction of myocardial infarction and returned to baseline concentrations (median, 8.2 pmol/L; IQR, 6.3–10.1) after 24 h, compared with the above baseline values (P = 0.06). Serum creatine kinase (CK) activities were significantly increased above baseline values by 1 day after TASH [median maximal postprocedural CK activity, 935.0 U/L (IQR, 545.5–1115.0 U/L); median baseline CK activity, 80.0 U/L (IQR, 63.5–109.0 U/L); P &lt; 0.001].

CONCLUSIONS
Our results provide additional evidence that early rule-out of suspected AMI is possible by using the copeptin concentration in combination with cardiac troponin T.
Feasibility of Computer-Based Self-Administered Cancer-Specific Geriatric Assessment in Older Patients With Gastrointestinal Malignancy
Authors: McCleary Nadine J. , Wigler Devin , Berry Donna , Sato Kaori , Abrams Thomas , Chan Jennifer , Enzinger Peter , Ng Kimmie , Wolpin Brian , Schrag Deborah , Fuchs Charles S. , Hurria Arti , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background.
The Cancer-Specific Geriatric Assessment (CSGA) is a primarily self-administered paper survey of validated measures.

Methods.
We developed and tested the feasibility of a computer-based CSGA in patients ≥70 years of age who were receiving treatment for gastrointestinal malignancies at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. From December 2009 to June 2011, patients were invited to complete the CSGA at baseline (start of new treatment) and follow-up (at the first of 4 months later or within 4 weeks of completing treatment). Feasibility endpoints were proportion of eligible patients consented, proportion completing CSGA at baseline and follow-up, time to complete CSGA, and proportion of physicians reporting CSGA results that led to a change in clinical decision-making.

Results.
Of the 49 eligible patients, 38 consented (76% were treatment naive). Median age was 77 years (range: 70–89 years), and 48% were diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Mean physician-rated Karnofsky Performance Status was 87.5 at baseline (SD 8.4) and 83.5 at follow-up (SD 8). At baseline, 92% used a touchscreen computer; 97% completed the CSGA (51% independently). At follow-up, all patients used a touchscreen computer; 71% completed the CSGA (41% independently). Mean time to completion was 23 minutes at baseline (SD 8.4) and 20 minutes at follow-up (SD 5.1). The CSGA added information to clinical assessment for 75% at baseline (n = 27) and 65% at follow-up (n = 17), but it did not alter immediate clinical decision-making.

Conclusion.
The computer-based CSGA feasibility endpoints were met, although approximately half of patients required assistance. The CSGA added information to clinical assessment but did not affect clinical decision-making, possibly due to limited alternate treatment options in this subset of patients.
Averaging of gradient in the space of linear triangular and bilinear rectangular finite elements
Authors: Dalík Josef , Valenta Václav 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
An averaging method for the second-order approximation of the values of the gradient of an arbitrary smooth function u = u(x
1, x
2) at the vertices of a regular triangulation T
h composed both of rectangles and triangles is presented. The method assumes that only the interpolant Πh[u] of u in the finite element space of the linear triangular and bilinear rectangular finite elements from T
h is known. A complete analysis of this method is an extension of the complete analysis concerning the finite element spaces of linear triangular elements from [Dalík J., Averaging of directional derivatives in vertices of nonobtuse regular triangulations, Numer. Math., 2010, 116(4), 619–644]. The second-order approximation of the gradient is extended from the vertices to the whole domain and applied to the a posteriori error estimates of the finite element solutions of the planar elliptic boundary-value problems of second order. Numerical illustrations of the accuracy of the averaging method and of the quality of the a posteriori error estimates are also presented.
Chorea in the clinical presentation of moyamoya disease: results of surgical revascularization and a proposed clinicopathological correlation
Authors: Ahn Edward S. , Scott R. Michael , Robertson Richard L. , Smith Edward R. 
Published: January 2013

Object
Chorea is a movement disorder characterized by brief, irregular, involuntary contractions that appear to flow from 1 muscle to another. There are a limited number of reports in the literature that have linked moyamoya disease and chorea. The authors describe their experience in treating moyamoya disease in patients in whom chorea developed as part of the clinical presentation.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective review of a consecutive series of 316 children who underwent pial synangiosis revascularization for moyamoya disease at the Boston Children's Hospital.

Results
Of 316 surgically treated patients with moyamoya disease, 10 (3.2%; 6 boys and 4 girls) had chorea as a part of their presentation. The average age at surgical treatment was 9.9 years (range 3.8–17.9 years). All patients had evidence of hypertrophied lenticulostriate collateral vessels through the basal ganglia on preoperative angiography and/or MRI on affected sides. Two patients had cystic lesions in the basal ganglia. Nine patients underwent bilateral craniotomies for pial synangiosis, and 1 patient underwent a single craniotomy for unilateral disease. Follow-up was available in 9 patients (average 50.1 months). The mean duration of chorea was 1.36 years (range 2 days to 4 years), with resolution of symptoms in all patients. One patient developed chorea 3 years after surgical treatment, 4 patients had transient chorea that resolved prior to surgery, and 5 patients experienced resolution of the chorea after surgery (average 13 months).

Conclusions
The authors describe children with moyamoya disease and chorea as part of their clinical presentation. The data suggest that involvement of the basal ganglia by the hypertrophied collateral vessels contributes to the development of chorea, which can wax or wane depending on disease stage or involution of the vessels after revascularization surgery. In most patients, however, the chorea improves or disappears about 1 year after presentation.
Induced IL-17–Producing Invariant NKT Cells Require Activation in Presence of TGF-β and IL-1β
Authors: Monteiro Marta , Almeida Catarina F. , Agua-Doce Ana , Graca Luis 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIL-17 production by innate-like lymphocytes, including γδ and invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, have been ascribed to specific lineages that are endowed with this functional specialization during thymic differentiation. IL-17–producing iNKT cells have been described as a CD4−NK1.1− lineage in mice and CD161+ in humans. We found that, in mice, noncommitted iNKT cells can be induced to produce IL-17 when activated in presence of TGF-β and IL-1β. This peripheral induction of IL-17 expression could be observed in any subset irrespectively of CD4 and NK1.1 expression, the process leading to loss of NK1.1 expression and partial CD4 downmodulation. Furthermore, induced IL-17–producing iNKT cells were sufficient to drive neutrophilic airways inflammation upon intratracheal adoptive cell transfer into congenic mice. Taken together, our data show that similarly to regulatory T cells, which have a natural and peripherally induced subset, IL-17 production by iNKT cells can also be imprinted in natural iNKT17 cells or peripherally induced.
An Accelerated Method for Simulating Population Dynamics
Authors: Charlebois Daniel A. , Kærn Mads 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe present an accelerated method for stochastically simulating the dynamics of heterogeneous cell populations. The algorithm combines a Monte Carlo approach for simulating the biochemical kinetics in single cells with a constant-number Monte Carlo method for simulating the reproductive fitness and the statistical characteristics of growing cell populations. To benchmark accuracy and performance, we compare simulation results with those generated from a previously validated population dynamics algorithm. The comparison demonstrates that the accelerated method accurately simulates population dynamics with significant reductions in runtime under commonly invoked steady-state and symmetric cell division assumptions. Considering the increasing complexity of cell population models, the method is an important addition to the arsenal of existing algorithms for simulating cellular and population dynamics that enables efficient, coarse-grained exploration of parameter space.
Discovery of New Metastable Patterns in Diblock Copolymers
Authors: Jiang Kai , Wang Chu , Huang Yunqing , Zhang Pingwen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe ordered patterns formed by microphase-separated block copolymer systems demonstrate periodic symmetry, and all periodic structures belong to one of 230 space groups. Based on this fact, a strategy of estimating the initial values of self-consistent field theory to discover ordered patterns of block copolymers is developed. In particular, the initial period of the computational box is estimated by the Landau-Brazovskii model as well. By planting the strategy into the whole-space discrete method, several new metastable patterns are discovered in diblock copolymers.
The Influence of Worksite and Employee Variables on Employee Engagement in Telephonic Health Coaching Programs: A Retrospective Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Grossmeier Jessica 
Published: January 2013

Purpose. This study assessed 11 determinants of health coaching program participation. Design. A cross-sectional study design used secondary data to assess the role of six employee-level and five worksite-level variables on telephone-based coaching enrollment, active participation, and completion. Setting. Data was provided by a national provider of worksite health promotion program services for employers. Subjects. A random sample of 34,291 employees from 52 companies was selected for inclusion in the study. Measures. Survey-based measures included age, gender, job type, health risk status, tobacco risk, social support, financial incentives, comprehensive communications, senior leadership support, cultural support, and comprehensive program design. Analysis. Gender-stratified multivariate logistic regression models were applied using backwards elimination procedures to yield parsimonious prediction models for each of the dependent variables. Results. Employees were more likely to enroll in coaching programs if they were older, female, and in poorer health, and if they were at worksites with fewer environmental supports for health, clear financial incentives for participation in coaching, more comprehensive communications, and more comprehensive programs. Once employees were enrolled, program completion was greater among those who were older, did not use tobacco, worked at a company with strong communications, and had fewer environmental supports for health. Conclusion. Both worksite-level and employee-level factors have significant influences on health coaching engagement, and there are gender differences in the strength of these predictors.
Association between Biologic Outcomes and Objectively Measured Physical Activity Accumulated in ≥ 10-Minute Bouts and < 10-Minute Bouts
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Cardinal Bradley J. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose. Examine whether nonbout physical activity (i.e., <10 minutes' duration of physical activity [PA]) demonstrates a stronger association with health outcomes than bout physical activity (i.e., ≥ 10 minutes' duration). Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. NHANES 2003–2006. Subjects. A total of 6321 participants ranging in age from 18 to 85 years. Measures. Objectively measured PA was assessed using accelerometry. A variety of health outcomes (e.g., triglyceride levels) were objectively measured, including an assessment of metabolic syndrome. Analysis. Multivariate regression analyses examined the association between bouts and nonbouts on each of the biologic health outcomes. Additionally, differences in each of the biologic variables among those who met PA guidelines for both approaches were evaluated. Results. After adjustments, results were similar for both approaches. For example, the odds ratio (OR) for metabolic syndrome for nonbouts (OR, 1.89; p < .001) was similar to that for bouts (OR, 1.87; p = .002). With the exception of body mass index, similar values for the biologic variables were found between those meeting guidelines for the two PA approaches. Conclusion. Engaging in nonbouts, as opposed to bouts of PA, is just as strongly associated with several biologic health outcomes, suggesting that adults who perceive themselves as having little time to exercise may still be able to enhance their health by adopting an active lifestyle approach.
Comparative and Practical Aspects of Localization‐Based Super‐Resolution Imaging
Authors: Laevsky Gary S. , O'Connell Christopher B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSuper‐resolution microscopy overcomes diffraction to generate images with superior resolution compared to conventional light microscopy. Localization‐based super‐resolution methods result in up to ten‐fold improvement in resolution by determining the positions of fluorescent molecules with sub‐pixel accuracy. This process critically depends on controlled emission at the level of individual fluorophores so that fluorescence is non‐overlapping, allowing for accurate centroid determination of diffraction‐limited spots by Gaussian fitting of the pixel intensities. The intrinsic photoswitching behavior of many fluorophores provides a convenient way to achieve emitter isolation. Here, we describe methods for label preparation and staining of cellular structures to obtain high‐quality images using localization super resolution. We also compare labeling strategies and dye characteristics relevant to all localization‐based techniques, such as STORM and PALM. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 63:2.20.1‐2.20.11. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Flow Cytometry‐Based Quantification of Cell Proliferation in the Mixed Cell Co‐Culture
Authors: Gerashchenko Bogdan I. , Howell Roger W. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn cell communities, among the crucial signals that govern cell function are those generated locally by surrounding cells. A co‐culture of mixed homotypic or heterotypic cells, which is often used in various fields of experimental biology and medicine, can be applied for elucidation of the role of cell proximity in modulating proliferative responses. Quick and reliable quantification of the changes in proliferation of each of the mixed cell populations as a result of their co‐culture is of importance. For this purpose, flow cytometry together with fluorescent tracers that do not affect cell proliferation can be used. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 63:9.40.1‐9.40.10. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Clicked Pyridyl‐Triazole Ligand: From Homogeneous to Robust, Recyclable Heterogeneous Mono‐ and Polymetallic Palladium Catalysts for Efficient Suzuki–Miyaura, Sonogashira, and Heck Reactions
Authors: Wang Dong , Denux Dominique , Ruiz Jaime , Astruc Didier 
Published: January 2013

AbstractVarious mono‐ and polymetallic palladium complexes containing a 2‐pyridyl‐1,2,3‐triazole (pyta) ligand or a nonabranch‐derived (nonapyta) ligand have been synthesized by reaction of palladium acetate with these ligands according to a 1:1 metal‐ligand stoichiometry and used as catalysts for carbon‐carbon cross‐coupling including the Suzuki–Miyaura, Sonogashira and Heck reactions. The unsubstituted monopalladium and nonapalladium complexes were insoluble in all the reaction media, whereas tri‐ and tetranuclar palladium complexes were soluble, which allowed conducting catalysis under either homogeneous or heterogeneous conditions. The organopalladium complexes were characterized by standard analytical and spectroscopic methods and by thermogravimetry showing decomposition above 110 °C. Both types of catalysts showed excellent activity for these cross carbon‐carbon bond formations involving aryl halides including activated aryl chlorides or acyl chloride. Besides the comparison between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, the key feature of these catalysts is their remarkable robustness that allowed recycling at least ten times in the example of the Heck reaction with excellent yields and without significant reduction of the conversion.
Asymmetric, Regioselective Bromohydroxylation of 2‐Aryl‐2‐propen‐1‐ols Catalyzed by Quinine‐Derived Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Ye , Xing Hui , Xie Weiqing , Wan Xiaolong , Lai Yisheng , Ma Dawei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe asymmetric bromohydroxylation of 2‐aryl‐2‐propen‐1‐ols catalyzed by quinine‐derived bifunctional catalyst has been developed. The regioselectivity was controlled by employing a boronate ester as tether which was formed in situ and enantioselectivity was introduced by taking advantage of a quinine‐derived bifunctional catalyst which activated the boronate ester and N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) at the same time. Chiral bromohydrin, which is a useful feedstock in organic synthesis, was produced in moderate to excellent enantioselectivity in a two‐step reaction sequence.
Four new patients with Gomez–Lopez‐Hernandez syndrome and proposed diagnostic criteria
Authors: Rush Eric T. , Adam Margaret P. , Clark Robin D. , Curry Cynthia , Hartmann Julianne E. , Dobyns William B. , Olney Ann Haskins 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGomez–Lopez‐Hernandez syndrome (GLHS) is a rare neurocutaneous disorder. We are aware of thirty previously reported cases. We present four additional patients with this condition. Previously reported patients have shown the hallmark triad of rhombocephalosynapsis, trigeminal anesthesia, and bilateral parietal or parieto‐occipital alopecia. Rhombencephalosynapsis consists of agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, and the dentate nuclei. The gene or genes responsible for GLHS remain unknown. Alopecia is seen in all previously reported cases of GLHS. Additional craniofacial findings such as low‐set and posteriorly rotated ears, midface retrusion, craniosynostosis, and brachyturricephaly are also very common in this syndrome. Trigeminal anesthesia, reported in the original three patients, is seen in just over half of reported patients. Most patients with GLHS have motor delays, intellectual disability, and hypotonia. Unusual stereotypic movements of the head are seen in many patients with GLHS. Neuroimaging of patients with GLHS shows rhombencephalosynapsis is universally present, with ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalus and cerebellar hypoplasia being common. We propose that rhombencephalosynapsis and scalp alopecia are necessary, but by themselves not sufficient, for a diagnosis of GLHS. Additional findings of trigeminal anesthesia or one of two major craniofacial findings (brachycephaly and/or turricephaly or midface retrusion) are sufficient to make a diagnosis of GLHS. Additional categories of probable and possible GLHS are proposed for patients whose examination may be compatible with a diagnosis of GLHS, but CNS imaging has not yet been obtained. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.