bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regionalisation of International Initiatives: Case Study of the Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (EAG)
Authors: Khamzaev Dilaver 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (EAG), as a Financial Action Task Force (FATF)–style regional body (FSRB), synchronises national legislations across Central Asia to combat money laundering and financing terrorism through FATF mechanisms, aiming to eliminate external stresses on large economies. However, the hardening of FATF’s soft law approach through establishing power relationships with international organisations and several states, as well as mutual evaluation practices has been questioned given the imposition of minority interests on the majority through involvement in FATF activities. But, the role of individual states in FSRB activities, which directly coordinates the anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) regime in the region, has received scant scholarly attention. Thus, using open-source data from the official EAG website and its mutual evaluation reports, I evaluated the level of participation of member-states in its activities. My analysis revealed the dominance of one state (the Russian Federation) in EAG activities, despite the presence of other economically strong member-states (China and India). This chapter shows that flexible FATF governance practices, aimed at synchronising national AML/CFT legislation, can enable dominant economies to influence regional territories aligned with their geopolitical interests.
Germany’s Hydrogen Strategy: Securing Industrial Leadership in a Carbon–Neutral Economy
Authors: Nunez Almudena , Quitzow Rainer 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides a review of Germany’s import-oriented hydrogen strategy. It places the German policy approach in the context of its broader energy transition strategy, aimed not only at a transition of Germany’s energy and industrial system to carbon neutrality by 2045 but also at the promotion of the German Energiewende approach abroad. The chapter begins by providing a short review of the German Energiewende policy legacy, relating it to it emerging hydrogen policy. On this basis, it provides a comprehensive review of Germany’s national hydrogen strategy with a particular focus on its outward-oriented elements. The chapter closes with discussion of key strengths and weaknesses and the broader geopolitical and geoeconomic implications of the strategy.
Hydrogen Affairs in Hungary’s Politically Confined Ambition
Authors: Szabo John 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrogen is a much-discussed facet of Hungary’s energy transition that has seen little progress in practice but offers an important tool to extend the government’s foreign and energy policy. Policy-making in Hungary is highly centralised and government ambitions have prioritised the continued role of nuclear power, natural gas, and solar photovoltaics. These closely trace foreign policy priorities are well, given that the former two entrench relations with Russia and the latter enhances energy autonomy and allows the country to meet EU climate targets. A hydrogen economy supports such ambitions, while the government has also welcomed EU funds and foreign investment into novel (green) technologies that increase the value added in the economy. Domestic demand offers a secondary, but nonetheless important, push for the uptake of hydrogen, as it is envisioned to play a role in industry and transportation. Hungary’s case shows how pre-existing political economic confines shape the uptake of hydrogen, as governments and other key actors take action while disrupting pre-existing practices to the least extent possible.
Trends in Research on State Socialist Globalization: The Old and the New Mainstream
Authors: Tomka Béla 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter reviews recent developments of research on the history of globalization in post-war East Central Europe, and more broadly in Eastern Europe, and deconstructs the arguments presented in the revisionist perspective on state socialist globalization. Several influential works have undertaken a thorough revision of conventional approaches to the globalization of European state socialist countries. It is contended that the region became much more globalized in the three or four decades following World War II than previously thought. This new understanding highlights distinctive structural and temporal patterns of globalization within the region. In particular, the globalization of this region was shaped by its relations with the Global South, as the expansion of East-South links largely offset the deficits in their relations with the Western world. Furthermore, the year 1989 assumes a new role in the globalization process; several authors explicitly refute the notion that the regime changes accelerated the region's globalization, arguing instead that these changes only altered the nature of the region's globalization.
How to Conceptualize State Socialist Globalization?
Authors: Tomka Béla 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses the plausibility of key concepts competing in the interpretation of state socialist globalization, particularly ‘alternative globalization’ and ‘socialist protoglobalization’. Throughout the state socialist era, countries in East Central Europe, as well as Eastern European nations overall, sustained moderate economic and cultural ties with the Global South. East-South trade represented only a small fraction of world trade, and the East-South relationship cannot be considered central to the Third World either. Similarly, cultural ties with the Global South had little impact on the East Central European societies. The notion of an ‘alternative globalization’, as proposed by revisionist approaches to Eastern European state socialist globalization, does not seem useful because the connections that the East Central European countries established with the Third World could not compensate for their limited links with the West. Instead of ‘alternative’, the terms ‘fragmented’, ‘selective’, and ‘uneven’ appear more valid for conceptualizing state socialist globalization. Focusing on these features of globalization in state socialist East Central Europe can bridge the gap between earlier approaches that focused on the region’s isolation and more recent revisionist research.
Chat-Messenger-Nutzung in der Parkinson-Versorgung
Authors: Naegele A. , Schwaninger I. , Toenges L. , Eggers C. , Warnecke T. , Weigand C. , Klucken J. 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Nachfrage nach Chat-Messengern für den Austausch zwischen Ärzten, Therapeuten und ihren Patienten steigt. Die Erwartungen an die Chat-Messenger und Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich Einführung und Nutzung sind heterogen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Implementierung eines Chat-Messengers in die Parkinson-Versorgung soll durch die Formulierung einführungs- und anwendungsrelevanter Empfehlungen vereinfacht werden.

Methodik
Semistrukturierte Interviews mit Neurologen und Physiotherapeuten wurden durchgeführt, um die Erwartungen an die Nutzung von Chat-Messengern zu erfassen, welche die Basis für die abgeleiteten Empfehlungen bildeten.

Ergebnisse
Die Erwartungen an die technische Funktionalität übersteigen die Funktionen von Chat-Messenger. Das betrifft z. B. die Anbindung des Chat-Messengers an die elektronische Patientenakte. Insbesondere auch bei den anzuwendenden Regelungen der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DSGVO) herrscht große Unsicherheit. Die Empfehlungen, die sich auf die Nutzung der Chat-Messenger, auf die Aspekte des Datenschutzes, die Gestaltung dieser Technologien und methodische Überlegungen beziehen, sollen bei der Implementierung des Tools als zusätzlichen Kommunikationskanal helfen.

Diskussion
Aus den Ergebnissen leiten sich Empfehlungen zur Funktionalität, dem Umgang mit Chat-Messengern im Alltag und in Bezug zum Datenschutz ab. Durch Verbesserung der Kenntnisse bei den Gesundheitsberuflern und Beachtung dieser Handlungsanweisungen können Ärzte und Therapeuten zu einer erfolgreichen Etablierung des Chat-Messengers als zusätzliches Kommunikationstool beitragen.
Das Basler Modell der prinzipienorientierten klinischen Ethikkonsultation 2.0
Authors: Schürmann Jan , Wetterauer Charlotte , Westermair Anna Lisa , Trachsel Manuel 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Wirksamkeit klinischer Ethikberatung in der Medizin hinsichtlich der Zufriedenheit der Beteiligten, der Unterstützung ethischer Entscheidungsfindung, der wahrgenommenen Auswirkungen auf die klinische Versorgung, der moralischen Kompetenz und der Qualität der Kommunikation ist inzwischen empirisch gut belegt. Auch in der Psychiatrie verfügen immer mehr Einrichtungen über Strukturen klinischer Ethikberatung. Es fehlt jedoch nach wie vor an evaluativer Begleitforschung zum Nutzen und zur differenziellen Indikation der verschiedenen Formen und Modelle klinischer Ethikberatung in der Psychiatrie.

Ziel der Arbeit
Der Artikel präsentiert die Grundlagen und die schrittweise Anwendung der prinzipienorientierten klinischen Ethikkonsultation nach dem Basler Modell 2.0.

Material und Methoden
Der Artikel stützt sich auf Materialien und Verfahren, die an der Abteilung Klinische Ethik des Universitätsspitals Basel und der Universitären Psychiatrischen Kliniken Basel zur prinzipienorientierten klinischen Ethikkonsultation nach dem Basler Modell 2.0 entwickelt wurden.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Die prinzipienorientierte klinische Ethikkonsultation nach dem Basler Modell 2.0 eignet sich, um moralische Fragen und Konflikte in der psychiatrischen Praxis zu bearbeiten und ethisch zu reflektieren. Es braucht jedoch weitere evaluative Begleitforschung zum Nutzen und zur differenziellen Indikation dieses und weiterer Modelle klinischer Ethikberatung in der Psychiatrie.
A Mattila–Sjölin theorem for simplices in low dimensions
Authors: Palsson Eyvindur Ari , Romero Acosta Francisco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper we show that if a compact set $$E \subset {\mathbb {R}}^d$$

E
⊂

R

d

, $$d \ge 3$$

d
≥
3

, has Hausdorff dimension greater than $$\frac{(4k-1)}{4k}d+\frac{1}{4}$$

(
4
k
-
1
)

4
k

d
+

1
4

when $$3 \le d<\frac{k(k+3)}{(k-1)}$$

3
≤
d
<

k
(
k
+
3
)

(
k
-
1
)

or $$d- \frac{1}{k-1}$$

d
-

1

k
-
1

when $$\frac{k(k+3)}{(k-1)} \le d$$

k
(
k
+
3
)

(
k
-
1
)

≤
d

, then the set of congruence class of simplices with vertices in E has nonempty interior. By set of congruence class of simplices with vertices in E we mean $$\begin{aligned} \Delta _{k}(E) = \left\{ \textbf{t} = \left( t_{ij} \right) : |x_i-x_j|=t_{ij}; \ x_i,x_j \in E; \ 0\le i < j \le k \right\} \subset {\mathbb {R}}^{\frac{k(k+1)}{2}} \end{aligned}$$

Δ
k

(
E
)

=

t
=

t

ij

:

|

x
i

-

x
j

|

=

t

ij

;

x
i

,

x
j

∈
E
;

0
≤
i
<
j
≤
k

⊂

R

k
(
k
+
1
)

2

where $$2 \le k <d$$

2
≤
k
<
d

. This result improves the previous best results in the sense that we now can obtain a Hausdorff dimension threshold which allow us to guarantee that the set of congruence class of triangles formed by triples of points of E has nonempty interior when $$d=3$$

d
=
3

as well as extending to all simplices. The present work can be thought of as an extension of the Mattila–Sjölin theorem which establishes a non-empty interior for the distance set instead of the set of congruence classes of simplices.
Origin-specific differences in the durability of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) wood against wood-destroying basidiomycetes
Authors: Brischke C. , Stolze H. , Koddenberg T. , Vek V. , Caesar C. M. C. , Steffen B. , Taylor A. M. , Humar M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobal climate change is accompanied by a change in tree composition in many regions. In Europe, the distribution areas of many species are expanding towards the north so that, among others, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), which is native to the USA and has long been established in south-eastern Europe, is also becoming increasingly important in central and northern Europe. Many other tree species are known to have different properties between their original and new locations, including the biological durability of the wood. Hence, the resistance of black locust wood against decay fungi was studied concerning origin-specific differences. Wood was sampled from seven different origins in Europe and original habitats in the United States. Fungal incubation experiments were conducted, wood extractives were analysed, and different anatomical characteristics were quantified such as ring width, vessel size distribution and the presence of tyloses. In addition to differences in durability between juvenile and mature wood, origin-specific differences within the mature heartwood were attributed to extractive contents and the percentages of earlywood vessels containing tyloses. Based on parameters that contributed at least 20% to mass loss, susceptibility to fungal decay was modelled with multiple regressions.
Bdellovibrio’s prey-independent lifestyle is fueled by amino acids as a carbon source
Authors: Herencias Cristina , Rivero-Buceta Virginia , Salgado Sergio , Hernández-Herreros Natalia , Baquero Fernando , del Campo Rosa , Nogales Juan , Prieto M. Auxiliadora 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Identifying the nutritional requirements and growth conditions of microorganisms is crucial for determining their applicability in industry and understanding their role in clinical ecology. Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus have emerged as promising tools for combating infections by human bacterial pathogens due to their natural killing features. Bdellovibrio’s lifecycle occurs inside prey cells, using the cytoplasm as a source of nutrients and energy. However, this lifecycle supposes a challenge when determining the specific uptake of metabolites from the prey to complete the growth inside cells, a process that has not been completely elucidated. Here, following a model-based approach, we illuminate the ability of B. bacteriovorus to replicate DNA, increase biomass, and generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in an amino acid-based rich media in the absence of prey, keeping intact its predatory capacity. In this culture, we determined the main carbon sources used and their preference, being glutamate, serine, aspartate, isoleucine, and threonine. This study offers new insights into the role of predatory bacteria in natural environments and establishes the basis for developing new Bdellovibrio applications using appropriate metabolic and physiological methodologies.

Key points
• Amino acids support axenic lifestyle of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.
• B. bacteriovorus preserves its predatory ability when growing in the absence of prey.
The role of clonal progression leading to the development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Guarnera Luca , Pascale Maria Rosaria , Hajrullaj Hajro , Cristiano Antonio , Mallegni Flavia , Onorato Angelo , Voso Maria Teresa , Fabiani Emiliano 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTherapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) are characterized by aggressive features and a dismal prognosis. Recent evidence suggests a higher incidence of t-MN in individuals harboring clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). In order to gain insight into CHIP-driven malignant progression, we gathered data from ten published reports with available detailed patient characteristics at the time of primary malignancy and t-MN development. Detailed clinical and molecular information on primary malignancy and t-MN were available for 109 patients: 43% harbored at least one somatic mutation at the time of the primary malignancy. TET2 and TP53 mutations showed an increasing variant allele frequency from CHIP to t-MN. ASXL1-associated CHIP significantly correlated with the emergence of TET2 and CEBPA mutations at t-MN, as well as U2AF1-driven CHIP with EZH2 mutation and both IDH2 and SRSF2-driven CHIP with FLT3 mutation. DNMT3A-driven CHIP correlated with a lower incidence of TP53 mutation at t-MN. In contrast, TP53-driven CHIP correlated with a complex karyotype and a lower tendency to acquire new mutations at t-MN. Patients with multiple myeloma as their first malignancy presented a significantly higher rate of TP53 mutations at t-MN. The progression from CHIP to t-MN shows different scenarios depending on the genes involved. A deeper knowledge of CHIP progression mechanisms will allow a more reliable definition of t-MN risk.
Enhancing π-SnS thin films and fabrication of p-SnS/n-Si heterostructures through flow rate control in ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for improved photovoltaic performance
Authors: Gunes Ibrahim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study presents findings related to the characterization of cubic SnS (π-SnS) thin films and p-SnS/n-Si heterojunction structures produced simultaneously using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. In this context, the impact of different spray solution flow rates on the morphological, structural, optical, and electrical characteristics of the films was examined. Morphological analyses revealed that higher flow rates resulted in films with denser and smoother surfaces, approximately 6 nm in roughness. Additionally, it was observed that both the thickness and the growth rate of the films could be adjusted through the modulation of the flow rate. Structural analyses determined that the crystallite size increased and micro-strain values decreased with increasing flow rates. Optical evaluations indicated a decline in the optical band gap of the thin films from about 1.8 eV to 1.7 eV as the flow rates increased. This trend was consistently observed in the data obtained using the Tauc method and the derivative of transmission with respect to wavelength versus photon energy graphs. Electrical analyses revealed that the resistivity values of the thin films increased from 5.24 × 105 Ωcm to 1.64 × 106 Ωcm with increasing flow rates. Furthermore, I-V analyses of the Au/p-SnS/n-Si/Ag heterojunction structures indicated significant variability in key electrical properties. The saturation currents displayed a broad range, suggesting varying efficiencies in charge carrier collection across different samples. Similarly, the change of ideality factors pointed to differences in charge transport mechanisms, while the shifts in barrier heights indicated changes in junction properties with different fabrication conditions. The results of this study offer valuable perspectives for future research.
Comparative Effects of Root and Foliar Leonardite-Suspension Concentrate Application on Plant Growth and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Lettuce Plants (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Atero-Calvo Santiago , Magro Francesco , Masetti Giacomo , Navarro-León Eloy , Rios Juan Jose , Blasco Begoña , Ruiz Juan Manuel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHumic substances (HS) have been defined as a potential plant biostimulant to improve crop yield in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way. Leonardite-suspension concentrate (SC) is a type of HS extracted from lignite that is currently employed to enhance various physiological aspects of plants. However, the different effects between both modes of SC application (root and foliar) are poorly understood, especially on photosynthesis performance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of a leonardite-SC-based product (BLACKJAK®), on lettuce growth and photosynthesis efficiency, while comparing both methods of application. For this purpose, four root (R): R1 (0.20 mL/L), R2 (0.40 mL/L), R3 (0.60 mL/L), and R4 (0.80 mL/L), and four foliar: F1 (5.00 mL/L), F2 (7.50 mL/L), F3 (10.00 mL/L), and F4 (12.50 mL/L) BLACKJAK® doses were applied to lettuce plants. Related shoot and root growth parameters, photosynthetic efficiency, and sugar and starch content were assessed in lettuce plants. The results showed that BLACKJAK® improved shoot and root biomass, foliar area, and root length, especially at intermediate doses (R2, R3, F2, and F3), with R3 demonstrating the greatest growth increases. Similarly, the main photosynthetic parameters analyzed (net photosynthetic rate and Rubisco carboxylation efficiency), and the soluble sugars and starch content were improved by the same doses, with R3 showing the best photosynthetic performance. Hence, our study suggests that BLACKJAK® improves lettuce yield and photosynthetic efficiency, particularly with radicular application at R3.
Actinium-225 as an example for monitoring of internal exposure of occupational intakes of radionuclides in face of new nuclear-medical applications for short-lived alpha emitting particles
Authors: Hartmann Sven , Taubner Kerstin , Vogt Tobias , Meisenberg Oliver , Schkade Uwe-Karsten , Steyer Christian , Meckel Marian , Kesenheimer Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMonitoring of internal exposure to short-lived alpha-emitting radionuclides such as actinium-225 (225Ac), which are becoming increasingly important in nuclear medicine, plays an important role in the radiation protection of occupationally exposed persons. After having tested gamma spectrometry, liquid scintillation counting and alpha spectrometry for monitoring of internal exposure, the focus of the present study was on solid phase extraction of 225Ac from urine in combination with alpha spectrometry. The development of the method was based on recent findings from the literature on this topic. The method was used in a pilot phase to monitor internal exposure of four workers who were directly or indirectly involved in the manufacture and/or use of 225Ac. The monitoring protocol allowed a relatively short 24-hour urine sample analysis with excellent recovery of the internal standard, but it did not allow for a detection limit of less than 1 mBq nor a sufficient yield of 225Ac. Based on these results it is concluded that an in vitro excretion analysis alone is not appropriate for monitoring internal exposure to 225Ac. Instead, different radiation monitoring techniques have to be combined to ensure the radiation protection of employees.