bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prehospital and Emergency Care: Updates from the Disease Control Priorities, Version 3
Authors: Hsia Renee Y. , Thind Amardeep , Zakariah Ahmed , Hicks Eduardo Romero , Mock Charles 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundIt is increasingly understood that emergency care systems can be cost‐effective in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). The development of such systems, however, is still a work in progress. This article updates previous work in providing the most recent estimates of the burden of disease sensitive to emergency care, the current state of knowledge on the feasibility of emergency care, effect on outcomes, and cost‐effectiveness in LMICs, and future directions for research, policy, and implementation.MethodsWe calculated the potential impact of prehospital and emergency care systems using updated and revised data based on the global burden of disease study. We then assessed the state of current knowledge and potential future directions for research and policy by conducting a review of the literature on current systems in LMICs.ResultsAccording to these newest updates, 24 million deaths related to emergency medical conditions occur in LMICs annually, accounting for an estimated 932 million years of life lost. Evidence shows that multiple emergency care models can function in different local settings, depending on resources and urbanicity. Emergency care can significantly improve mortality rates from emergent conditions and be highly cost‐effective. Further research is needed on implementation of emergency care systems as they become a necessary reality in developing nations worldwide.ConclusionsEmergency care implementation in LMICs presents both challenges and opportunities. Investment in evidence‐based emergency care, research on implementation, and system coordination in LMICs could lead to a more cost‐ and outcome‐effective emergency care system than exists in advanced economies.
Engineering biological systems toward a sustainable bioeconomy
Authors: Lopes Mateus Schreiner Garcez 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe nature of our major global risks calls for sustainable innovations to decouple economic growth from greenhouse gases emission. The development of sustainable technologies has been negatively impacted by several factors including sugar production costs, production scale, economic crises, hydraulic fracking development and the market inability to capture externality costs. However, advances in engineering of biological systems allow bridging the gap between exponential growth of knowledge about biology and the creation of sustainable value chains for a broad range of economic sectors. Additionally, industrial symbiosis of different biobased technologies can increase competitiveness and sustainability, leading to the development of eco-industrial parks. Reliable policies for carbon pricing and revenue reinvestments in disruptive technologies and in the deployment of eco-industrial parks could boost the welfare while addressing our major global risks toward the transition from a fossil to a biobased economy.
Perceptions of Private Market Landlords Who Rent to Tenants of a Housing First Program
Authors: Aubry Tim , Cherner Rebecca , Ecker John , Jetté Jonathan , Rae Jennifer , Yamin Stephanie , Sylvestre John , Bourque Jimmy , McWilliams Nancy 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe rental of housing units by landlords to participants in Housing First (HF) programs is critical to the success of these programs. Therefore, it is important to understand the experiences of landlords with having these individuals as tenants. The paper presents findings of qualitative interviews with 23 landlords who rented to tenants from a HF program located in a small city and adjoining rural area in eastern Canada and in which approximately 75 % of tenants had been housed for at least six consecutive months at 2 years in the program. Findings showed that landlords are motivated to rent to HF tenants for financial and pro‐social reasons. They reported holding a range of positive, neutral, and negative perceptions of these tenants. They identified problems encountered with some HF tenants that included disruptive visitors, conflict with other tenants, constant presence in their apartments, and poor upkeep of units. On the other hand, landlords perceived HF tenants as being mostly good tenants who are similar to their other tenants. Implications for practice in the context of HF programs are discussed.
Disclosure Experiences of Sexual Minority College Student Victims of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Sylaska Kateryna M. , Edwards Katie M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlthough research on disclosure following intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization is burgeoning, sexual minority young adults’ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, questioning, etc.; LGBQ+) experiences have not received equal attention. The current study employed the minority stress framework to examine disclosure experiences of LGBQ+ college students across the United States reporting physical IPV victimization within their current relationship (n = 77). Participants completed measures assessing minority stress and IPV disclosure, and answered open‐ended questions regarding the most and least helpful persons/responses to disclosure or reasons for non‐disclosure. Results indicated that approximately one‐third (35 %) of victims disclosed to at least one person, with friends being the most common recipients. Thematic analyses indicated that talking or listening to the victim was considered the most helpful response and not understanding the situation least helpful. Reasons for non‐disclosure centered on themes of the victims’ perception that the IPV was not a big deal. Quantitative findings regarding physical IPV disclosure indicated that non‐disclosers experienced greater minority stress than disclosers. The current study suggests the presence of differences between sexual minority (i.e., LGBQ +persons) and non‐sexual minority persons, as well as between LGBQ+ young adults/college students and older adults and presents a theoretical structure (i.e., minority stress framework) through which these differences may be understood.
Complexities of Genetic Counseling for ALS: A Case of Two Siblings with Discordant Genetic Test Results
Authors: Mandich Paola , Mantero Vittorio , Verdiani Simonetta , Gotta Fabio , Caponnetto Claudia , Bellone Emilia , Ferrandes Giovanna , Origone Paola 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRapid advances in the genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have dramatically changed the approach of clinicians and researchers to the motor neuron diseases. We report two siblings in whom the genetic study provided conflicting results, hence raising a number of issues which deserve to be considered by clinicians involved in genetic testing for ALS. The first patient died within 2 years of ALS onset, while her brother still manages to walk unaided, 7 years into onset. Genetic analyses, performed on the first patient as part of a research protocol, and as clinical genetic testing on the brother, provided different results. Results for Patient 1 were negative for all investigated genes, thus suggesting that her disease may be a phenocopy, while her brother carried an autosomal dominant TARDBP mutation (p.A382T). A multidisciplinary approach may help patients and clinicians face the emerging dilemmas in such a complex field. Sharing and updating of advances, not to mention uncertainties inherent to current knowledge, with patients and families may prove to be an effective way to support them and to make them aware of the present limits of our knowledge and of the blurred border between research and clinical practice.
Scientific collaboration dynamics in a national scientific system
Authors: Ferligoj Anuška , Kronegger Luka , Mali Franc , Snijders Tom A. B. , Doreian Patrick 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This paper examines the collaboration structures and dynamics of the co-authorship network of all Slovenian researchers. Its goal is to identify the key factors driving collaboration and the main differences in collaboration behavior across scientific fields and disciplines. Two approaches to modelling network dynamics are combined in this paper: the small-world model and the mechanism of preferential attachment, also known as the process of cumulative advantage. Stochastic-actor-based modelling of co-authorship network dynamics uses data for the complete longitudinal co-authorship networks for the entire Slovenian scientific community from 1996 to 2010. We confirmed the presence of clustering in all fields and disciplines. Preferential attachment is far more complex than a single global mechanism. There were two clear distinctions regarding collaboration within scientific fields and disciplines. One was that some fields had an internal national saturation inhibiting further collaboration. The second concerned the differential impact of collaboration with scientists from abroad on domestic collaboration. In the natural, technical, medical, and biotechnical sciences, this promotes collaboration within the Slovenian scientific community while in the social sciences and humanities this inhibits internal collaboration.
An object-based approach for semi-automated landslide change detection and attribution of changes to landslide classes in northern Taiwan
Authors: Hölbling Daniel , Friedl Barbara , Eisank Clemens 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Earth observation (EO) data are very useful for the detection of landslides after triggering events, especially if they occur in remote and hardly accessible terrain. To fully exploit the potential of the wide range of existing remote sensing data, innovative and reliable landslide (change) detection methods are needed. Recently, object-based image analysis (OBIA) has been employed for EO-based landslide (change) mapping. The proposed object-based approach has been tested for a sub-area of the Baichi catchment in northern Taiwan. The focus is on the mapping of landslides and debris flows/sediment transport areas caused by the Typhoons Aere in 2004 and Matsa in 2005. For both events, pre- and post-disaster optical satellite images (SPOT-5 with 2.5 m spatial resolution) were analysed. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 5 m spatial resolution and its derived products, i.e., slope and curvature, were additionally integrated in the analysis to support the semi-automated object-based landslide mapping. Changes were identified by comparing the normalised values of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) of segmentation-derived image objects between pre- and post-event images and attributed to landslide classes.
Alcohol dependence and physical comorbidity: Increased prevalence but reduced relevance of individual comorbidities for hospital-based mortality during a 12.5-year observation period in general hospital admissions in urban North-West England
Authors: Schoepf D. , Heun R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurpose:Alcohol dependence (AD) is associated with an increase in physical comorbidities. The effects of these diseases on general hospital-based mortality are unclear. Consequently, we conducted a mortality study in which we investigated if the burden of physical comorbidities and their relevance on general hospital-based mortality differs between individuals with and without AD during a 12.5-year observation period in general hospital admissions.Methods:During 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2012, 23,371 individuals with AD were admitted at least once to seven General Manchester Hospitals. Their physical comorbidities with a prevalence ≥ 1% were compared to those of 233,710 randomly selected hospital controls, group-matched for age and gender (regardless of primary admission diagnosis or specialized treatments). Physical comorbidities that increased the risk of hospital-based mortality (but not outside of the hospital) during the observation period were identified using multiple logistic regression analyses.Results:Hospital-based mortality rates were 20.4% in the AD sample and 8.3% in the control sample. Individuals with AD compared to controls had a higher burden of physical comorbidities, i.e. alcoholic liver and pancreatic diseases, diseases of the conducting airways, neurological and circulatory diseases, diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract, renal diseases, cellulitis, iron deficiency anemia, fracture neck of femur, and peripheral vascular disease. In contrast, coronary heart related diseases, risk factors of cardiovascular disease, diverticular disease and cataracts were less frequent in individuals with AD than in controls. Thirty-two individual physical comorbidities contributed to the prediction of hospital-based mortality in univariate analyses in the AD sample; alcoholic liver disease (33.7%), hypertension (16.9%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.1%), and pneumonia (13.3%) were the most frequent diagnoses in deceased individuals with AD. Multiple forward logistic regression analysis, accounting for possible associations of diseases, identified twenty-three physical comorbidities contributing to hospital-based mortality in individuals with AD. However, all these comorbidities had an equal or even lower impact on hospital-based mortality than in the comparison sample.Conclusion:The excess of in-hospital deaths in general hospitals in individuals with AD is due to an increase of multiple physical comorbidities, even though individual diseases have an equal or even reduced impact on general hospital-based mortality in individuals with AD compared to controls.
Predisposing factors associated with stillbirth in Tanzania
Authors: Kidanto Hussein , Msemo Georgina , Mmbando Donan , Rusibamayila Neema , Ersdal Hege , Perlman Jeffrey 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether specific medical conditions and/or fetal compromise during labor are associated with fresh stillbirth (FSB), and whether absent fetal heart rate (FHR) before delivery can increase risk of FSB.MethodsAn observational cohort study was conducted at three university referral hospitals in Tanzania between January and September 2013. Maternal, labor, and neonatal characteristics were recorded for all deliveries. FSB was defined as an Apgar score of 0 at 1 and 5 minutes, with intact skin and suspected death during labor or delivery.ResultsAmong 15 305 deliveries, there were 499 stillbirths (243 FSBs and 256 macerated stillbirths). Stillbirth was significantly more likely than a live birth after maternal transfer (odds ratio [OR] 3.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.73–3.92; P < 0.001) and when FHR was absent (OR 996.29; 95% CI 632.19–1570.09; P < 0.001). Risk of stillbirth increased with uterine rupture (OR 138.62; 95% CI 60.73–316.44), placental abruption (OR 40.96; 95% CI 28.97–57.91), cord prolapse (OR 13.49; 95% CI 6.97–26.11), and prematurity (OR 6.87; 95% CI 4.71–10.03; P < 0.001 for all).ConclusionIn low‐resource settings, FSB may be prevented by using a combined strategy of clinical risk identification, early detection of abnormal FHR, and expedited delivery.
Fetal and neonatal outcomes after term and preterm delivery following betamethasone administration
Authors: Braun Thorsten , Sloboda Deborah M. , Tutschek Boris , Harder Thomas , Challis John R.G. , Dudenhausen Joachim W. , Plagemann Andreas , Henrich Wolfgang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of betamethasone on fetal growth and neonatal outcomes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed of deliveries that occurred at Charité University Hospital Berlin, Germany, between January 1996 and December 2008. The betamethasone group included women with preterm labor and symptomatic contractions, cervical insufficiency, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or vaginal bleeding. Women in the control group were matched for gestational age at time of delivery and had not received betamethasone. Fetal growth changes and neonatal anthropometry were compared.ResultsAmong 1799 newborns in the betamethasone group and 42 240 in the control group, betamethasone was associated with significantly lower birth weight (154 g lower on average) after adjusting for confounders (e.g. hypertension, smoking, and maternal weight), sex, and gestational age at delivery (P < 0.05). The higher the dose, the greater the difference in mean birth weight versus controls in births before 34+ 0 weeks (≤ 16 mg − 444 g; 24 mg − 523 g; > 24 mg − 811 g), without a detectable improvement in neonatal morbidity or mortality. There was a dose‐dependent decline in expected fetal weight gain as estimated by serial ultrasonography examinations 6–8 weeks after betamethasone administration (P < 0.05).ConclusionBetamethasone exposure reduces fetal weight gain in a dose‐dependent manner without improving neonatal morbidity or mortality.
Bridging user and provider perspectives: Family planning access and utilization in rural Mozambique
Authors: Agadjanian Victor , Hayford Sarah R. , Luz Luciana , Yao Jing 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo examine how the contraceptive behavior of women in rural southern Mozambique is shaped by their individual and household characteristics; community characteristics; access to family planning services; and characteristics of health facilities.MethodsQuantitative and qualitative data were collected mostly between January 20 and December 15, 2011, in rural areas of four districts in Gaza Province, Mozambique. The data included: a retrospective household‐based survey of women of reproductive age (the analytical sample consisted of 1554 non‐pregnant women in marital union); qualitative interviews with a subsample of surveyed women; a survey of communities where the women resided (n = 56); and a survey of all health facilities in the study area (n = 56). Binomial and multinomial logistic models were fitted to predict current use of modern contraceptive methods. Statistical analyses were complemented by insights from qualitative data.ResultsPositive associations were detected between contraceptive use and education, household wealth, and perceived HIV infection status. Distance to the clinic was negatively associated with contraceptive use. These effects were additive, with some varying by type of contraceptive method. Examination of qualitative data highlighted frequent cognitive dissonance between service providers and users.ConclusionA simultaneous consideration of user‐level and provider‐level perspectives on contraceptive use improves our understanding of contraceptive dynamics and can usefully inform policy.
Florbetapir PET, FDG PET, and MRI in Down syndrome individuals with and without Alzheimer's dementia
Authors: Sabbagh Marwan N. , Chen Kewei , Rogers Joseph , Fleisher Adam S. , Liebsack Carolyn , Bandy Dan , Belden Christine , Protas Hillary , Thiyyagura Pradeep , Liu Xiaofen , Roontiva Auttawut , Luo Ji , Jacobson Sandra , Malek‐Ahmadi Michael , Powell Jessica , Reiman Eric M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionDown syndrome (DS) is associated with amyloid b (Ab) deposition.MethodsWe characterized imaging measurements of regional fibrillar Ab burden, cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRgl), gray matter volumes (rGMVs), and age associations in 5 DS with dementia (DS/AD1), 12 DS without dementia (DS/AD2), and 9 normal controls (NCs).ResultsThere were significant group differences in mean standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) for florbetapir with DS/AD1 having the highest, followed by DS/AD2, followed by NC. For [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, posterior cingulate rCMRgl in DS/AD1 was significantly reduced compared with DS/AD2 and NC. For volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (vMRI), hippocampal volumes were significantly reduced for the DS/AD1 compared with DS/AD2 and NC. Age‐related SUVR increases and rCMRgl reductions were greater in DS participants than in NCs.DiscussionDS is associated with fibrillar Ab, rCMRgl, and rGMV alterations in the dementia stage and before the presence of clinical decline. This study provides a foundation for the studies needed to inform treatment and prevention in DS.
Determinants of societal costs in Alzheimer's disease: GERAS study baseline results
Authors: Dodel Richard , Belger Mark , Reed Catherine , Wimo Anders , Jones Roy W. , Happich Michael , Argimon Josep M. , Bruno Giuseppe , Vellas Bruno , Haro Josep Maria 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo identify the main factors associated with societal costs of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in community‐dwelling patients across three European countries.MethodsBaseline cost data from a prospective, observational study were used. Assessments included patients' cognition, activities of daily living (ADLs) and behavioral symptoms, and caregiver burden. Cost calculations (2010) from the societal perspective were based on patient/caregiver resource use. Generalized linear models estimated factors associated with costs.ResultsMean monthly costs per patient differed for France (€1881), Germany (€2349), and the UK (€2016), with informal care costs accounting for 50% to 61%. Independent factors associated with costs across all countries were ADL total score, patient living arrangements, caregiver working status, and caregiver burden (all P < .05). Additional factors were significant for the pooled cohort or individual countries.ConclusionsSeveral patient and caregiver factors, including factors associated with informal care, should be included when evaluating care options for patients with AD.
KRAS as a predictor of poor prognosis and benefit from postoperative FOLFOX chemotherapy in patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer
Authors: Deng Yanhong , Wang Li , Tan Shuyun , Kim George P. , Dou Ruoxu , Chen Dianke , Cai Yue , Fu Xinhui , Wang Lei , Zhu Jun , Wang Jianping 
Published: April 2015

PurposeThe KRAS gene frequently mutates in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here we investigated the prognostic and predictive role of KRAS mutation in patients with stage II or III CRC.Experimental designA consecutive cohort of patients with stage II or III CRC from a single center database was studied. The association between KRAS status, adjuvant FOLFOX therapy, and 3‐year disease‐free survival (3‐y DFS) was analyzed.ResultsOf our 433 patients, 166 (38.3%) exhibited the KRAS mutation. Among the 190 patients who did not receive adjuvant therapy, those with KRAS mutation tumors had a worse 3‐y DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.924; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.078–3.435; P = 0.027). Among patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy, KRAS mutation was not correlated with worse 3‐y DFS (HR, 1.083; 95% CI, 0.618–1.899; P = 0.781). Adjuvant chemotherapy improved 3‐y DFS only among patients with KRAS mutant tumors (78.0% vs 69.2%) on multivariate analysis adjusted for age, stage, grade, site, vessel invasion, and carcinoembryonic antigen level (HR, 0.454; 95% CI, 0.229–0.901; P = 0.024). In contrast, there was no benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in the KRAS wild‐type group (84.3% vs 82.0%).Conclusions
KRAS mutation indicates poor prognosis. FOLFOX adjuvant chemotherapy benefits patients with stage II or III colorectal cancer with KRAS mutant tumors and is worth further investigation.
Ultrasound‐Guided Distal Bicep Tendon Injection Using a Posterior Approach
Authors: Mautner Kenneth , Stafford Cleo D. , Nguyen Patrick 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDistal biceps tendinopathy is an uncommon but increasingly diagnosed condition in persons with elbow pain. When traditional treatments are unsuccessful, practitioners have performed ultrasound (US)‐guided tendon injections in this region using an anterior approach. Although success has been reported with this technique, this approach may lead to neurovascular injury. This case report is the first in the literature to describe a US‐guided distal bicep tendon injection using a posterior approach. The patient had an excellent clinical outcome with no adverse events. This outcome suggests that a US‐guided posterior percutaneous tendon injection might be a safe, viable, nonsurgical option for recalcitrant distal biceps tendinopathy.