bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanochemical Synthesis of α‐halo Alkylboronic Esters
Authors: Zhao Yunyi , Yang Zekun , Wang Xin , Kang Qinchun , Wang Bobo , Wu Tianle , Lei Hao , Ma Peile , Su Wenqiang , Wang Siyuan , Wu Zhiqiang , Huang Xinsong , Fan Chunying , Wei Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstractα‐halo alkylboronic esters, acting as ambiphilic synthons, play a pivotal role as versatile intermediates in fields like pharmaceutical science and organic chemistry. The sequential transformation of carbon–boron and carbon–halogen bonds into a broad range of carbon–X bonds allows for programmable bond formation, facilitating the incorporation of multiple substituents at a single position and streamlining the synthesis of complex molecules. Nevertheless, the synthetic potential of these compounds is constrained by limited reaction patterns. Additionally, the conventional methods often necessitate the use of bulk toxic solvents, exhibit sensitivity to air/moisture, rely on expensive metal catalysts, and involve extended reaction times. In this report, a ball milling technique is introduced that overcomes these limitations, enabling the external catalyst‐free multicomponent coupling of aryl diazonium salts, alkenes, and simple metal halides. This approach offers a general and straightforward method for obtaining a diverse array of α‐halo alkylboronic esters, thereby paving the way for the extensive utilization of these synthons in the synthesis of fine chemicals.
Multilevel Conductance States of Vapor‐Transport‐Deposited Sb2S3Memristors Achieved via Electrical and Optical Modulation
Authors: Kundale Somnath S. , Pawar Pravin S. , Kumbhar Dhananjay D. , Devara I. Ketut Gary , Sharma Indu , Patil Parag R. , Lestari Windy Ayu , Shim Soobin , Park Jihye , Dongale Tukaram D. , Nam Sang Yong , Heo Jaeyeong , Park Jun Hong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe pursuit of advanced brain‐inspired electronic devices and memory technologies has led to explore novel materials by processing multimodal and multilevel tailored conductive properties as the next generation of semiconductor platforms, due to von Neumann architecture limits. Among such materials, antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) thin films exhibit outstanding optical and electronic properties, and therefore, they are ideal for applications such as thin‐film solar cells and nonvolatile memory systems. This study investigates the conduction modulation and memory functionalities of Sb2S3thin films deposited via the vapor transport deposition technique. Experimental results indicate that the Ag/Sb2S3/Pt device possesses properties suitable for memory applications, including low operational voltages, robust endurance, and reliable switching behavior. Further, the reproducibility and stability of these properties across different device batches validate the reliability of these devices for practical implementation. Moreover, Sb2S3‐based memristors exhibit artificial neuroplasticity with prolonged stability, promising considerable advancements in neuromorphic computing. Leveraging the photosensitivity of Sb2S3enables the Ag/Sb2S3/Pt device to exhibit significant low operating potential and conductivity modulation under optical stimulation for memory applications. This research highlights the potential applications of Sb2S3in future memory devices and optoelectronics and in shaping electronics with versatility.
Enhanced Hydrogen Production in Microwave‐Driven Water‐Splitting Redox Cycles by Engineering Ceria Properties
Authors: Domínguez‐Saldaña Aitor , Navarrete Laura , Balaguer María , Carrillo Alfonso J. , Santos Joaquín , García‐Baños Beatriz , Plaza‐González Pedro , Catalán‐Martínez David , Catalá‐Civera José Manuel , Serra José Manuel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSustainable hydrogen, produced from renewable sources such as solar or wind, plays a decisive role in driving industrial decarbonization. Among hydrogen production technologies, steam electrolysis, and solar‐driven thermochemical cycles using reducible solid oxides show promise but face challenges due to high operation temperatures. Microwave‐driven redox chemical looping enables the direct, contactless electrification of the process, reducing the operation temperature and complexity. Previous works showed that microwaves can efficiently drive reduction/water‐splitting cycles using Gd‐doped ceria at low temperatures (<250 °C), but adjustment of material properties is needed. Here, the key properties of materials are explored that affect the redox mechanism by screening a series of doped ceria materials to enhance microwave‐driven hydrogen production. Evaluation of trivalent dopants (La3+, Gd3+, Y3+, Yb3+, Er3+, and Nd3+) reveals that reduction correlates with lattice and electronic properties. The composition Ce0.9La0.1O2‐δ achieves 1.41 mL g−1, the highest hydrogen production among the studied series. Its narrower bandgap allows for reaching higher conductivity upon microwave‐driven reduction at lower temperatures, while a larger ionic lattice size boosts solid‐state oxygen diffusion. Overall, this research remarks on the critical properties of ceria‐based materials that enhance hydrogen production in microwave‐driven water‐splitting cycles, supporting the design of more efficient materials for sustainable chemical production technology.
Achieving higher grain yield in hybrid rice through the promotion of individual growth and development
Authors: Huang Min , Zhang Ruichun , Chen Ge , Liu Longsheng , Li Zhongxi , Chen Jiana , Cao Fangbo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnsuring rice (Oryza sativa) self‐sufficiency in China relies significantly on achieving high grain yields in hybrid rice production. This study conducted field experiments across two site‐years, comparing grain yield per unit of land area, grain yield generated per seedling, and associated yield traits for a hybrid rice variety under two combinations of hill spacing and the number of seedlings per hill. The combinations included a hill spacing of 30 cm × 14 cm with one seedling per hill (H14S1) and a hill spacing of 30 cm × 24 cm with three seedlings per hill (H24S3). The results revealed that H14S1 consistently outperformed H24S3, demonstrating a 7%–16% increase in grain yield per unit of land area and an impressive 88%–104% higher grain yield generated per seedling. H14S1 exhibited 56%–77% more panicles formed per seedling and 10%–15% more spikelets per panicle compared to H24S3. H14S1 produced 78%–115% higher biomass at heading and maturity per seedling and 8%–25% higher biomass at heading and maturity per tiller than H24S3. This study underscores the importance of promoting the individual growth and development of seedlings as a crucial strategy for achieving higher grain yield in hybrid rice production.
“My resistance melts away”: The role of mindfulness in supporting participatory researchers' efforts to share power with youth co‐researchers
Authors: Iacono Gio , Elsaesser Caitlin , Dominique Courts C. L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractYouth participatory action research (YPAR) is an approach widely utilized in various social science disciplines (e.g., community psychology, social work, public health), which requires researchers to share power with youth co‐researchers and to collaborate across identities to work equitably. Understanding what approaches and practices support YPAR adult facilitators' ability to share power is a vital area of knowledge that can support greater freedom in how researchers approach YPAR. Mindfulness offers a powerful set of tools for adult researchers to track their reactions and equitably collaborate with youth co‐researchers. Drawing on insights from our youth participatory research, the present study employed a collaborative autoethnography to integrate our unique experiences as YPAR facilitators. We reflected on a core research question: How does mindfulness inform and support our YPAR work? Two major themes emerged that relate to power‐sharing in YPAR: (1) Mindfulness supports our ability to overcome barriers to being present in facilitating YPAR groups; (2) Facilitator presence fosters deeper connection with youth co‐researchers and stronger collaboration. Mindfulness can provide researchers a holistic, strengths‐based approach in youth collaboration, and may also provide skillful tools for researchers to counter the pressures of White supremacy culture in academia.
Heterogeneous treatment effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on risk of dementia in people with type 2 diabetes: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Tang Huilin , Donahoo William T. , Svensson Mikael , Shaaban C. Elizabeth , Smith Glenn , Jaffee Michael S. , Huang Yu , Hu Xia , Lu Ying , Salloum Ramzi G. , DeKosky Steven T. , Bian Jiang , Guo Jingchuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONSodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors exhibit potential benefits in reducing dementia risk, yet the optimal beneficiary subgroups remain uncertain.METHODSIndividuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiating either SGLT2 inhibitor or sulfonylurea were identified from OneFlorida+ Clinical Research Network (2016–2022). A doubly robust learning was deployed to estimate risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of all‐cause dementia.RESULTSAmong 35,458 individuals with T2D, 1.8% in the SGLT2 inhibitor group and 4.7% in the sulfonylurea group developed all‐cause dementia over a 3.2‐year follow‐up, yielding a lower risk for SGLT2 inhibitors (RD, –2.5%; 95% CI, –3.0% to –2.1%). Hispanic ethnicity and chronic kidney disease were identified as the two important variables to define four subgroups in which RD ranged from –4.3% (–5.5 to –3.2) to –0.9% (–1.9 to 0.2).DISCUSSIONCompared to sulfonylureas, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause dementia, but the association varied among different subgroups.Highlights
New users of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were significantly associated with a lower risk of all‐cause dementia as compared to those of sulfonylureas.
The association varied among different subgroups defined by Hispanic ethnicity and chronic kidney disease.
A significantly lower risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia was observed among new users of SGLT2 inhibitors compared to those of sulfonylureas.
Time‐encoded ASL reveals lower cerebral blood flow in the early AD continuum
Authors: Falcon Carles , Montesinos Paula , Václavů Lena , Kassinopoulos Michalis , Minguillon Carolina , Fauria Karine , Cascales‐Lahoz Diego , Contador José , Fernández‐Lebrero Aida , Navalpotro Irene , Puig‐Pijoan Albert , Grau‐Rivera Oriol , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Quijano‐Rubio Clara , Molinuevo José Luis , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Suárez‐Calvet Marc , Van Osch Matthias J. P. , Sanchez‐Gonzalez Javier , Gispert Juan Domingo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONCerebral blood flow (CBF) is reduced in cognitively impaired (CI) Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We checked the sensitivity of time‐encoded arterial spin labeling (te‐ASL) in measuring CBF alterations in individuals with positive AD biomarkers and associations with relevant biomarkers in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals.METHODSWe compared te‐ASL with single‐postlabel delay (PLD) ASL in measuring CBF in 59 adults across the AD continuum, classified as CU amyloid beta (Aβ) negative (−), CU Aβ positive (+), and CI Aβ+. We sought associations of CBF with biomarkers of AD, cerebrovascular disease, synaptic dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and cognition in CU participants.RESULTSte‐ASL was more sensitive at detecting CBF reduction in the CU Aβ+ and CI Aβ+ groups. In CU participants, lower CBF was associated with altered biomarkers of Aβ, tau, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration.DISCUSSIONCBF reduction occurs early in the AD continuum. te‐ASL is more sensitive than single‐PLD ASL at detecting CBF changes in AD.Highlights
Lower CBF can be detected in CU subjects in the early AD continuum.
te‐ASL is more sensitive than single‐PLD ASL at detecting CBF alterations in AD.
CBF is linked to biomarkers of AD, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration.
HbA1c variability associated with dementia risk in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Moran Chris , Whitmer Rachel A. , Dove Zoe , Lacy Mary E. , Soh Yenee , Tsai Ai‐Lin , Quesenberry Charles P. , Karter Andrew J. , Adams Alyce S. , Gilsanz Paola 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlthough poor glycemic control is associated with dementia, it is unknown if variability in glycemic control, even in those with optimal glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, increases dementia risk.METHODSAmong 171,964 people with type 2 diabetes, we evaluated the hazard of dementia association with long‐term HbA1c variability using five operationalizations, including standard deviation (SD), adjusting for demographics and comorbidities.RESULTSThe mean baseline age was 61 years (48% women). Greater HbA1c SD was associated with greater dementia hazard (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.15 [95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.17]). In stratified analyses, higher HbA1c SD quintiles were associated with greater dementia hazard among those with a mean HbA1c < 6% (P = 0.0004) or 6% to 8% (P < 0.0001) but not among those with mean HbA1c ≥ 8% (P = 0.42).DISCUSSIONGreater HbA1c variability is associated with greater dementia risk, even among those with HbA1c concentrations at ideal clinical targets. These findings add to the importance and clinical impact of recommendations to minimize glycemic variability.Highlights
We observed a cohort of 171,964 people with type 2 diabetes (mean age 61 years).
This cohort was based in Northern California between 1996 and 2018.
We examined the association between glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) variability and dementia risk.
Greater HbA1c variability was associated with greater dementia hazard.
This was most evident among those with normal–low mean HbA1c concentrations.
Directional Bias in Molecular Photogearing Evidenced by LED‐Coupled Chiral Cryo‐HPLC
Authors: Gnannt Frederik , Gerwien Aaron , Waldmannstetter Sven , Gracheva Sofia , Dube Henry 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMolecular gearing systems are technomimetic nanoscale analogues to complex geared machinery in the macroscopic world. They are defined as systems incorporating intermeshed movable parts which perform correlated rotational motions by mechanical engagement. Only recently, new methods to actively drive molecular gearing motions instead of relying on passive thermal activation have been developed. Further progress in this endeavor will pave the way for unidirectional molecular gearing devices with a distinct type of molecular machine awaiting its realization. Within this work an essential step towards this goal is achieved by evidencing directional biases for the light‐induced rotations in our molecular photogear system. Using a custom‐designed LED‐coupled chiral cryo‐HPLC setup for the in situ irradiation of enantiomeric analytes, an intrinsic selectivity for clockwise or counterclockwise rotations was elucidated experimentally. Significant directional biases in the photogearing processes and light‐induced single bond rotations (SBRs) are observed for our photogear with directional preferences of up to 4.8 : 1. Harnessing these effects will allow to rationally design and construct a fully directional molecular gearing motor in the future.
Fully Fused Indacenodithiophene‐Centered Small‐Molecule n‐Type Semiconductors for High‐Performance Organic Electronics
Authors: Duan Tainan , Wang Jia , Shi Wenrui , Li Yulu , Tu Kaihuai , Bi Xingqi , Zhong Cheng , Lv Jie , Yang Ke , Xiao Zeyun , Kan Bin , Zhao Yan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping novel n‐type organic semiconductors is an on‐going research endeavour, given their pivotal roles in organic electronics and their relative scarcity compared to p‐type counterparts. In this study, a new strategy was employed to synthesize n‐type organic semiconductors featuring a fully fused conjugated backbone. By attaching two sets of adjacent amino and formyl groups to the indacenodithiophene‐based central cores and triggering a tandem reaction sequence of a Knoevenagel condensation‐intramolecular cyclization, DFA1 and DFA2 were realized. The solution‐processed organic field effect transistors based on DFA1 exhibited unipolar n‐type transport character with a decent electron mobility of ca. 0.10 cm2 V−1 s−1 (ca. 0.038 cm2 V−1 s−1 for DFA2 based devices). When employing DFA1 as a third component in organic solar cells, a high power conversion efficiency of 19.2 % can be achieved in ternary devices fabricated with PM6 : L8‐BO : DFA1. This work provides a new pathway in the molecular engineering of n‐type organic semiconductors, propelling relevant research forward.
Facile Synthesis and Global Aromaticity of Aza‐Superbenzene and Aza‐Supernaphthalene at Different Oxidation States
Authors: Ma Yunhan , Han Yi , Hou Xudong , Wu Shaofei , Chi Chunyan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAll‐benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or macrocycles usually display localized aromaticity. On the other hand, incorporation of quinoidal units into the skeleton could lead to effective electron delocalization and global (anti)aromaticity. In this work, fully π‐conjugated macrocycle 1 and bismacrocycle 2 containing both para‐quinodimethane and triphenylamine units are efficiently synthesized mainly through intermolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction. They can be considered as a tetraazasuperbenzene and a hexaazasupernaphthalene, respectively, due to their similar geometry and electronic structures to the benzene and naphthalene. X‐ray crystallographic analyses reveal a largely planar geometry for both 1 and 2 and variable‐temperature NMR measurements disclose slow dynamic processes owing to restricted ring flipping of the phenyl rings. 1 and 2 can be easily oxidized into higher‐oxidation‐state species. NMR and theoretical calculations indicate that 12+ and 14+ show global anti‐aromaticity and aromaticity, respectively, with a dominant 32π and 30π conjugation pathway, while for the bismacrocycle 2, its dication 22+, tetracation 24+ and hexacation 26+ exhibit global aromaticity, antiaromaticity, and aromaticity with a 54π, 52π and 50π conjugation pathway along the outermost backbone, respectively.
All‐in‐One: Plasmonic Janus Heterostructures for Efficient Cooperative Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Han Chuang , Zeng Zikang , Zhang Xiaorui , Liang Yujun , Kundu Bidyut Kumar , Yuan Lan , Tan Chang‐Long , Zhang Yi , Xu Yi‐Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractJanus heterostructures consisting of multiple jointed components with distinct properties have gained growing interest in the photoredox catalytic field. Herein, we have developed a facile low‐temperature method to gain anisotropic one‐dimensional Au‐tipped CdS (Au−CdS) nanorods (NRs), followed by assembling Ru molecular co‐catalyst (RuN5) onto the surface of the NRs. The CdS NRs decorated with plasmonic Au nanoparticles and RuN5 complex harness the virtues of metal‐semiconductor and inorganic‐organic interface, giving directional charge transfer channels, spatially separated reaction sites, and enhanced local electric field distribution. As a result, the Au−CdS−RuN5 can act as an efficient dual‐function photocatalyst for simultaneous H2 evolution and valorization of biomass‐derived alcohols. Benefiting from the interfacial charge decoupling and selective chemical bond activation, the optimal all‐in‐one Au−CdS−RuN5 heterostructure shows greatly enhanced photoactivity and selectivity as compared to bare CdS NRs, along with a remarkable apparent quantum yield of 40.2 % at 400 nm. The structural evolution and working mechanism of the heterostructures are systematically analyzed based on experimental and computational results.
Path‐Independent All‐Visible Orthogonal Photoswitching for Applications in Multi‐Photochromic Polymers and Molecular Computing
Authors: Köttner Laura , Dube Henry 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSynthetic molecular photoswitches have taken center stage as high‐precision tools to introduce light‐responsiveness at the smallest scales. Today they are found in all areas of applied chemistry, covering materials research, chemical biology, catalysis, or nanotechnology. For a next step of applicability truly orthogonal photoswitching is highly desirable but to date such independent addressability of different photoswitches remains highly challenging. Herein we present the first example of all‐visible, all‐light responsive, and path‐ independent orthogonal photoswitching. By combining two recently developed indigoid photoswitches ‐ peri‐anthracenethioindigo and a rhodanine‐based chromophore ‐ a four‐state system is established and each state can be accessed in high yields completely independently and also with visible light irradiation only. The four states give rise to four different colors, which can be transferred to a solid polymer matrix to yield a versatile multi‐state photochromic material. Further, combination with a fluorescent dye as a third component is possible, demonstrating the applicability of this orthogonal photoswitching system in all‐photonic molecular logic behavior and information processing.
Single‐Atom 3d Transition Metals on SnO2 as Model Cell for Conversion Mechanism: Revealing Thermodynamic Catalytic Effects on Enhanced Na Storage of Heterostructures
Authors: Xie Minggang , Zhang Zhe , Cheng Zheng , He Jinghan , Shen Zhili , Zeng Jianrong , Chen Xiao‐Bo , Li Chunguang , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince the discovery in 2000, conversion‐type materials have emerged as a promising negative‐electrode candidate for next‐generation batteries with high capacity and tunable voltage, limited by low reversibility and severe voltage hysteresis. Heterogeneous construction stands out as a cost‐effective and efficient approach to reducing reaction barriers and enhancing energy density. However, the second term introduced by conventional heterostructure inevitably complicates the electrochemical analysis and poses great challenges to harvesting systematic insights and theoretical guidance. A model cell is designed and established herein for the conversion reactions between Na and TMSA−SnO2, where TMSA−SnO2 represents single atom modification of eight different 3d transition elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn). Such a model unit fundamentally eliminates the interference from the second phase and thus enables independent exploration of activation manifestations of the heterogeneous architecture. For the first time, a thermodynamically dependent catalytic effect is proposed and verified through statistical data analysis. The mechanism behind the unveiled catalytic effect is further elucidated by which the active d orbitals of transition metals weaken the surface covalent bonds and lower the reaction barriers. This research provides both theoretical insights and practical demonstrations of the advanced heterogeneous electrodes.