bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Predictive Model for Dynamic Analysis, Kinetic Study, and Reactor Design of Triglycerides Transesterification to Biodiesel
Authors: Perdomo-Hurtado Felipe A. , Vázquez-Medina Rubén 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper proposes a predictive mechanistic model to describe the classical pseudo-homogeneous second order kinetic law; the objective of the model is to study the transesterification process of any triglycerides feed stock into the synthetized biodiesel in a batch reactor, which contains a jacket heat exchanger system and a stirrer. The developed model consists of a set of ordinary differential equations which represent the mass and the energy balance for each chemical component in the reactor, accomplished by the temperature’s dynamics in the heat exchanger system, as well as, a reaction kinetic scheme, where the apparent rate and activation energies follow the Arrhenius equation (Noureddini and Zhu 1997, 1457), and the physical-chemical properties of oils, biodiesel and products have been considered. The physical-chemical properties required for products, intermediates and reactants were estimated implementing molecular group contribution methods. The constants in the reactions rates were taken directly from relevant works oriented to experimental study of the kinetic triglycerides methanolysis. The model’s usefulness was verified comparing the produced results against experimental results obtained in the biodiesel synthesis from sunflower (Vicente et al. 2005, 5447), Brassica carinata (Vicente et al. 2005, 899) and soybean (Noureddini and Zhu 1997, 1457) oils. In each case, the model matched the experimental results. Using the proposed model, it is possible to evaluate how the operating conditions and variables like the type of feed, the temperatures of the reactor and the jacket, the heat transfer, the stirrer rate and the changes on thermophysical properties of the species affect the conversion and reactor performance.
An Approach for Routine Analytical Detection of Beeswax Adulteration Using FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy
Authors: Svečnjak Lidija , Baranović Goran , Vinceković Marko , Prđun Saša , Bubalo Dragan , Tlak Gajger Ivana 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Although beeswax adulteration represents one of the main beeswax quality issues, there are still no internationally standardised analytical methods for routine quality control. The objective of this study was to establish an analytical procedure suitable for routine detection of beeswax adulteration using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. For the purpose of this study, reference IR spectra of virgin beeswax, paraffin, and their mixtures containing different proportions of paraffin (5 - 95%), were obtained. Mixtures were used for the establishment of calibration curves. To determine the prediction strength of IR spectral data for the share of paraffin in mixtures, the Partial Least Squares Regression method was used. The same procedure was conducted on beeswax-beef tallow mixtures. The model was validated using comb foundation samples of an unknown chemical background which had been collected from the international market (n = 56). Selected physico-chemical parameters were determined for comparison purposes. Results revealed a strong predictive power (R2 = 0.999) of IR spectra for the paraffin and beef tallow share in beeswax. The results also revealed that the majority of the analysed samples (89%) were adulterated with paraffin; only 6 out of 56 (11%) samples were identified as virgin beeswax, 28% of the samples exhibited a higher level of paraffin adulteration (>46% of paraffin), while the majority of the analysed samples (50%) were found to be adulterated with 5 - 20% of paraffin. These results indicate an urgent need for routine beeswax authenticity control. In this study, we demonstrated that the analytical approach defining the standard curves for particular adulteration levels in beeswax, based on chemometric modelling of specific IR spectral region indicative for adulteration, enables reliable determination of the adulterant proportions in beeswax.
Perturbed second derivative multistep methods
Authors: Ezzeddine Ali K. , Hojjati Gholamreza , Abdi Ali 
Published: November 2015

AbstractExtended second derivative multistep methods and their modified form have been introduced as efficient numerical solvers for stiff systems. Considering these methods from second derivative general linear methods point of view, we construct some perturbations of these methods which improve their stability properties while preserve their order. Numerical experiments confirm efficiency of the constructed perturbed methods.
Two torymid species (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) developing on Artemisia gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Lotfalizadeh Hossein , Mohammadi-Khoramabadi Abbas 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Two parasitoid wasps, Torymus artemisiae Mayr and Torymoides violaceus (Nikol’skaya), were reared on Artemisia herba-alba (Asteraceae) galles, in central Iran. Torymus artemisiae and T. violaceus were developed from the gall midges: Rhopalomyia navasi Tavares and R. hispanica Tavares, respectively. The occurrence of these two parasitic wasps in Iran, and their associations with R. navasi and R. hispanica, are new. Data on the wasps’ biological associations and geographical distribution are provided. The parasitoid compositions of the genus Rhopalomyia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) were also discussed.
Lexicographical storing: a key lexicographical task in the era of the internet / Lexikographische Speicherung: Eine zentrale Aufgabe der Lexikographie im Internet-Zeitalter / Stockage de données en lexicographie: una tâche centrale de la lexicographie à l’ère d’internet
Authors: Fuertes-Olivera Pedro A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A user-driven approach in lexicography - e.g. the function theory of lexicography (Bergenholtz & Tarp 2002, 2003, 2004; Fuertes-Olivera & Tarp 2014; Tarp 2008) - compels lexicographers to use all possible means at their disposal to improve the quality of dictionary use and to ensure an optimal retrieval of information from the lexicographical data. For instance, the advent of the internet has substantially modified the design and compilation of dictionaries in two ways. First, online dictionaries are dynamic tools, which makes them more suitable for meeting user needs in different user situations. Second, thinking in terms of static lexicographic structures is erroneous as these are ill-suited for benefiting from existing and potential internet technologies, for complying with the tenets of the user needs paradigm, and for analysing the merits of lexicographical tasks such as lexicographical storing.
This article follows Bergenholtz & Agerbo’s concept of lexicographical structuring, which supports the main tenets of the user needs paradigm and the necessity of analysing the process of storing lexicographical data in a lexicographical database. This analysis supports my belief that lexicographical storing is a new lexicographical task which must be better understood, especially when working with the large amount of data being stored in lexicographical databases such as the one on which we are currently compiling the UNIVERSIDAD DE VALLADOLID INTERNET DICTIONARIES OF SPANISH.
Structures in the communication between lexicographer and programmer: Database and interface / Strukturen in der Kommunikation zwischen Lexikograph und Programmierer: Datenbasis und Schnittstelle / Les structures de la communication entre lexicographe et programmeur: base de données et interface
Authors: Tarp Sven 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper deals exclusively with e-lexicography. It intends to answer the question how much a lexicographer in charge of a new e-dictionary project should know about lexicographical structures, and how this knowledge could be communicated to the IT programmer designing the underlying database and the corresponding user interfaces. With this purpose, it first defines the concepts of lexicographical database, e-dictionary and e-lexicographical structure. Then it discusses some of the new ways in which lexicographical structures express themselves in the digital environment. It stresses, above all, their dynamic character and great complexity which make it extremely difficult and time-consuming for the lexicographer to get an overview of all the structures in an e-lexicographical project. Finally, and based upon the experience from the planning and design of five e-dictionaries, it shows how the lexicographer, nonetheless, can treat the question in the concrete interdisciplinary interaction with the programmer in order to obtain the database and interfaces needed to guarantee quality and innovation in an e-dictionary project.
Funktionale Angabezusätze und hybride textuelle Strukturen in Wörterbuchartikeln. Korrigierende Ergänzungen, weiterführende Vertiefungen, zusammenfassende Übersichten und mehr
Authors: Wiegand Herbert Ernst 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This contribution presents the most recent state of research regarding functional item additions. The typology of functional item additions is rearranged on the basis of the distinction between glossed and non-glossed item additions. It is shown that and how functional item additions determine the hybrid structures of all types of elementary and nonelementary items and dictionary arcticles and determine a typology of such structures. Thereby a new typology is developed on the basis of the terms lexicographic superscript and subscript that allows a precise differentiation of the individual hybrid structures. Finally a network is developed in which all hybrid and pure article-related types of hierarchical structures, like the four types of article structures, i.e. article microstructures, article constituent structures, article item structures and exhaustive artictle item structures as well as all types of hierarchical comment structures, e.g. left and right core structures, left and right periphery structures, left, middle and right interstructures can be linked with one another across two types of partial structure relations, i.e. the substructure relation and the reduction relation.
Spatial variations in nitrogen dioxide concentrations in urban Ljubljana, Slovenia
Authors: Vintar Mally Katja , Ogrin Matej 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations are regularly measured at only two monitoring stations in the city centre of Ljubljana, and such scanty data are inadequate for drawing conclusions about spatial patterns of pollution within the city, or to decide on effective measures to further improve air quality. In order to determine the spatial distribution of NO2 concentrations in different types of urban space in Ljubljana, two measuring campaigns throughout the city were carried out, during the summer of 2013 and during the winter of 2014. The main source of NO2 in Ljubljana is road transport. Accordingly, three types of urban space have been identified (urban background, open space along roads, and street canyon), and their NO2 pollution level was measured using Palmes diffusive samplers at a total of 108 measuring spots. This article analyses the results of both measuring campaigns and compares the pollution levels of different types of urban space.
The effects of the 1996–2012 summer heat events on human mortality in Slovakia
Authors: Výberči Dalibor , Švec Marek , Faško Pavol , Savinová Henrieta , Trizna Milan , Mičietová Eva 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The impacts of summer heat events on the mortality of the Slovak population, both in total and for selected population sub-groups, are the foci of this study. This research is the first of its kind, focusing on a given population, and therefore one priority was to create a knowledge base for the issue and to basically evaluate existing conditions for the heat-mortality relationship in Slovakia. This article also aims to fill a void in current research on these issues in Europe. In addition to overall effects, we focused individually on the major historical heat events which occurred in the summers of 2007, 2010 and 2012. During the heat events, a non-negligible negative response in mortality was recorded and fatal effects were more pronounced during particularly strong heat events and periods which lasted for two or more days. In general, females and the elderly were the most sensitive groups in the population and mortality was characterized by several specific effects in individual population groups. The most extreme heat periods were commonly followed by a deficit in mortality, corresponding to a short-term mortality displacement, the pattern of which varied in specific cases. In general, displaced mortality appeared to compensate for a large part of heat-induced excess deaths.
Measures of social segregation in the context of Warsaw, Berlin and Paris metropolitan areas
Authors: Grzegorczyk Anna , Jaczewska Barbara 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Social segregation is a subject common in contemporary studies of metropolitan areas. Until recently, studies of segregation focused on the distribution of ethnic groups, immigrants, and the poor. Today, they also cover additional indicators such as demographic properties, education, and affiliation with social and professional categories, which can also serve to determine the causes of the segregation (including the self-segregation of the rich). This article aims to point out the measures of segregation that present the segregation levels in the most complete manner, along with their application in the context of three European metropolitan areas: Warsaw, Berlin, and Paris. The first part of the article is a review of the existing approaches to segregation measures, followed by the selection of research method, presentation of the analysis’ results, and evaluation of the applied methods; presenting the opportunities and limitations in research of the social segregation phenomenon.
Regional economic resilience: concepts, empirics and a critical review
Authors: Tóth Balázs István 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Regional (economic) resilience and resilient thinking have gained considerable attention in recent years. My aim with this work is to throw light on some of the underlying aspects of regional economic resilience and resilient thinking. In the current study I give an overview of the notion, key concepts, main empirical results and planning tasks concerning regional (economic) resilience as well as outlining some of the criticisms. Finally, I provide some suggestions for studies in resilience and resilient thinking for future research agendas. The main results of the study is my own belief in the concept of regional economic resilience, and an overview and comparison of regional (economic) resilience literature and empirics that lead me to highlight some of the shortcomings of the research topic.
Driving under the influence…..”Of social factors”
Authors: Arthur Robert M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The bulk of the research that seeks to understand driving behavior and decision making has been performed by behavioral psychologists and engineers. These studies have a tendency to focus on the individual driver, examining such topics as road and vehicle design, cognitive skills, and the effects of collisions on the human body. This disparate research has produced a wealth of knowledge but with little unifying theory. The act of driving occurs within social environments that exist at many levels; the same act can be viewed through multiple lenses. In its exploration of the social context, this paper moves from an analysis of the global scale to the regional to the local. Our roads are monitored by police services and illegal acts are punished by judicial systems; these social institutions attempt to modify behavior through punitive measures. These punitive measures are derived from social theories of deviance and deterrence, methods shown here to be flawed. Empirical data derived from observations in Al Ain, UAE, are used in a quasi-experimental design that describes how drivers alter their choice of speed based on their observations of other drivers. This paper concludes by suggesting that, both by examining and legislating for driver behavior, there is a pressing need to situate the driver within his/her social environment.
The peripheries of development: development and labour in circumstances of constant shortages, as exemplified by the Frías district of Peru*
Authors: Czerny Miroslawa , Córdova-Aguilar Hildegardo , Rzucidło Anna 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Empirical research into social vulnerability – and into strategies that allow people to persist or secure their existence – has most often concerned itself with peripheral, poorly-developed regions with a long history of shortages; frequently even ones in which a failure to solve socio-political problems over decades or even centuries, manifests itself in a permanent crisis. One such region is north–western Peru, presented in this article by the authors who have proceeded on the assumption that the socioeconomic development of the country’s mountainous areas (including Frías, the district selected for study) not only reflects a peripheral location as regards central areas of Peru and the department of Piura, but is also an outcome of the workings of political and environmental factors that do not help sustain (or in many cases even obstruct) processes of development.
Dialect and stance-taking by non-Egyptian celebrities in Egypt
Authors: Bassiouney Reem 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article explores the stance of non-Egyptian celebrities performing in Egyptian Colloquial Arabic (ECA) and/or living in Egypt. These celebrities are forced by the Egyptian media to take a stance towards ECA and Egypt, and engage in the ongoing dialogue concerning Egypt’s cultural role. Meta-linguistic, as well as linguistic, resources become the focal point of a struggle for dominance. Over the last five years, there have been intense debates regarding the role of Egypt as a cultural hub in relation to the Egyptian media. This is due to the increasing threat from other emerging cultural hubs – such as Dubai and Lebanon – both of which have greater financial resources and allow the use of other Arabic dialects. The data utilised for this research includes television and newspaper interviews, articles, as well as performances by non-Egyptians. One particularly relevant example is that of Russian/Armenian belly dancer Ṣāfināz who currently resides in Egypt.
Meaningfulness, the unsaid and translatability: Instead of an introduction
Authors: Keidan Artemij 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe present paper opens this topical issue on translation techniques by drawing a theoretical basis for the discussion of translational issues in a linguistic perspective. In order to forward an audienceoriented definition of translation, I will describe different forms of linguistic variability, highlighting how they present different difficulties to translators, with an emphasis on the semantic and communicative complexity that a source text can exhibit. The problem is then further discussed through a comparison between Quine's radically holistic position and the translatability principle supported by such semanticists as Katz. General translatability — at the expense of additional complexity — is eventually proposed as a possible synthesis of this debate. In describing the meaningfulness levels of source texts through Hjelmslevian semiotics, and his semiotic hierarchy in particular, the paper attempts to go beyond denotative semiotic, and reframe some translational issues in a connotative semiotic and metasemiotic perspective.
A Holistic And Integrative Concept For Strong-Motion Records On Constructions Of The URBAN-INCERC National Seismic Network
Authors: Dragomir Claudiu-Sorin , Meita Vasile , Dobre Daniela , Georgescu Emil-Sever , Borcia Ioan-Sorin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The main objective of the National Seismic Network for Constructions, operated by the National Institute for Research and Development in Constructions, Urban Planning and Spatial Territorial Development “URBAN-INCERC”, is the monitoring of situations generated by earthquakes or other dangerous sources of vibrations induced in constructions on the entire Romanian territory. The NIRD URBAN-INCERC seismic records obtained in-situ and on buildings were and are extremely important for designers, especially in 1977, 1986 and 1990. It is the largest network in Romania, consisting of some 60 digital acceleration recorders distributed in Bucharest and in the country. This network is strategic from the population safety point of view. Due to the specific seismic hazard and vulnerability, our country shall be in preparation for the impact of a possible earthquake, which cannot be predicted in time domain, but it is possible to occur anytime. To prevent and mitigate negative consequences of such an event, urgent actions are required to ensure structural safety. Given the facts, Romania is in a critical time on strategic options regarding the seismic risks.
Presently, a urgent necessity is the seismic network function in order to get as much as possible strong-motion data for advanced research and to understand why damages in buildings occurred. The next goal is to have more parametric and spectral data for engineering design, as well as to improve the zoning maps, having more stations at reduced distances. If possible, strong-motion micro-zonation data would explain some specific shaking differences, as a future option for local arrays.
The paper presents the necessity, means and requirements of achieving a holistic and integrative concept for the national seismic network of constructions, taking into account geological settings, environmental and local soil conditions on regional profiles, attenuation patterns, architectural and structural patterns, and number of seismic stations in specific seismic zones. Also, a case study of building seismic instrumentation in Bucharest according to the Romanian Seismic Design code, indicative P100-1:2013.
The Historical Flood Of July 2008 From Vaser River Basin, Romania. Causes, Effects And Flood Control Actions
Authors: Sima Andrei , Șerban Gheorghe 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Floods is an experience perceived by society as unexpected, unexplainable and traumatizing and nowadays a threat to humanity more than ever. Among the natural phenomena which negatively affect human activities, floods are the ones which usually have the most significant consequences. The research, evaluations and statistics related to these phenomena do not reveal the drama and serious consequences that come with floods. It was proven that the increase of these extreme hydrological phenomena it is closely related to the anthropic activities from the area. Vaser basin is the most significant sub-basin of Vișeu river basin, contributing with 28% from the total flow of Vișeu river. Having a strong touristic and economic potential, the basin is often threatened by flash floods which usually have devastating effects. During July 2008 there was recorded the most significant flood from the history of hydrometric activity that led to substantial damage and death among locals. The present paper aims to analyze this historical flood, identifying the causes, effects, as well as the methods to control this extreme hydric phenomenon.