bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric Study of the Jacuí River Watershed in João Monlevade (MG): A Geographic Perspective
Authors: Aguiar Maísa Comar Pinhotti 
Published: July 2024

Knowledge of the characteristics of a watershed is fundamental to understanding the environmental dynamics of this planning unit. In this sense, the objective of this work was to characterize the morphometric aspects of the Córrego Jacuí watershed, located in the municipality of João Monlevade (MG), since this characterization makes it possible to understand the hydrological behaviour of the watershed and provide subsidies for its management. The bibliographic survey showed no morphometric studies available for the watershed studied. Considering the increasing urbanization of the basin, these first studies are important to understand its dynamics. The study used the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) image with a resolution of 30 m and the digital elevation model (DEM) generated from it. The geoprocessing of the watershed information was carried out using tools from the free software Quantum Gis (QGIS). The morphometric parameters determined for the studied basin were area, perimeter, total length of tributary channels, compactness coefficient (Kc), shape factor (Kf), drainage density (Dd) and circularity index (Ic). The results indicate that the basin is elongated, with moderately developed dendritic drainage and a low to moderate propensity to flood under average annual rainfall conditions. It should be noted, however, that land use and occupation activity that interferes with the main channel can alter this trend by silting up the watercourse, making flooding more frequent than the morphometric characteristics of the watershed indicate.
Biodegradable Nypa fruticans (Nipa) Starch-PVA Biocomposite Films for Food Packaging
Authors: Cu Mae Ann A. , Gento Jessie T. , Lagrimas Janeca L. , Dagalea Flyndon Mark S. , Lim Karina Milagros C. 
Published: July 2024

Starch-based films have been highlighted with its biodegradability, renewable, and amalgamation with other biopolymers as an intended substitute to synthetic packaging. This study aims to add to the plethora of literature on advancing a novel source of starch (Nypa fruticans) in combination with PVA and plasticizers to enhance the properties of the biocomposite film. The film’s physicochemical and food packaging properties were analyzed in terms of their water content, solubility, water vapor permeability, tensile strength, elongation at break, and transparency. The functional groups were characterized using FTIR and quantitatively analyzed the puto samples packaged in three conditions for their weight loss, sensory evaluation, and shelf life. The results presented the biofilm with twice the elongation at break, good light barrier property, and low water vapor permeability characteristic of a packaging’s food preservation. The FTIR spectra showed the wide absorption band of the hydroxyl groups (OH) in starch and PVA and the presence of the C-O-C group representing the glucose units of starch. The food packaging analysis showed the efficiency of nipa starch biocomposite film as a prototype for a wider application in the food and packaging industry.
Landslides Cause Tsunami Waves: Insights From Aysén Fjord, Chile
Authors: Lastras Galderic , Amblas David , Calafat Antoni M. , Canals Miquel , Frigola Jaime , Hermanns Reginald L. , Lafuerza Sara , Longva Oddvar , Micallef Aaron , Sepúlveda Sergio A. , Vargas Gabriel , Batist Marc De , Daele Maarten Van , Azpiroz María , Bascuñán Ignacio , Duhart Paul , Iglesias Olaia , Kempf Philipp , Rayo Xavier 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOn 21 April 2007, an Mw 6.2 earthquake produced an unforeseen chain of events in the Aysén fjord (Chilean Patagonia, 45.5°S). The earthquake triggered hundreds of subaerial landslides along the fjord flanks. Some of the landslides eventually involved a subaqueous component that, in turn, generated a series of displacement waves—tsunami‐like waves produced by the fast entry of a subaerial landmass into a water body—within the fjord [Naranjo et al., 2009; Sepúlveda and Serey, 2009; Hermanns et al., 2013]. These waves, with run‐ups several meters high along the shoreline, caused 10 fatalities. In addition, they severely damaged salmon farms, which constitute the main economic activity in the region, setting free millions of cultivated salmon with still unknown ecological consequences.
Leloir Glycosyltransferases and Natural Product Glycosylation: Biocatalytic Synthesis of the C‐Glucoside Nothofagin, a Major Antioxidant of Redbush Herbal Tea
Authors: Bungaruang Linda , Gutmann Alexander , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNothofagin is a major antioxidant of redbush herbal tea and represents a class of bioactive flavonoid‐like C‐glycosidic natural products. We developed an efficient enzymatic synthesis of nothofagin based on a one‐pot coupled glycosyltransferase‐catalyzed transformation that involves perfectly selective 3′‐C‐β‐D‐glucosylation of naturally abundant phloretin and applies sucrose as expedient glucosyl donor. C‐Glucosyltransferase from Oryza sativa (rice) was used for phloretin C‐glucosylation from uridine 5′‐diphosphate (UDP)‐glucose, which was supplied continuously in situ through conversion of sucrose and UDP catalyzed by sucrose synthase from Glycine max (soybean). In an evaluation of thermodynamic, kinetic, and stability parameters of the coupled enzymatic reactions, poor water solubility of the phloretin acceptor substrate was revealed as a major bottleneck of conversion efficiency. Using periodic feed of phloretin controlled by reaction progress, nothofagin concentrations (45 mM; 20 g L−1) were obtained that vastly exceed the phloretin solubility limit (5–10 mM). The intermediate UDP‐glucose was produced from catalytic amounts of UDP (1.0 mM) and was thus recycled 45 times in the process. Benchmarked against comparable glycosyltransferase‐catalyzed transformations (e.g., on quercetin), the synthesis of nothofagin has achieved intensification in glycosidic product formation by up to three orders of magnitude (μM→mM range). It thus makes a strong case for the application of Leloir glycosyltransferases in biocatalytic syntheses of glycosylated natural products as fine chemicals.magnified image
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: 2013 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management
Authors: Parikh Sameer A. , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: August 2013

Disease overviewChronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder that is classified as a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm by the 2008 World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic tumors. It is characterized by absolute monocytosis (>1 × 109/L) in the peripheral blood that persists for at least 3 months.DiagnosisThe diagnosis of CMML rests on a combination of morphologic, histopathologic and chromosomal abnormalities in the bone marrow. It is important to exclude other myeloproliferative neoplasms and infectious/autoimmune conditions that can cause monocytosis.Risk stratificationSeveral CMML‐specific prognostic models incorporating novel mutations have been recently reported. The Mayo prognostic model classified CMML patients into three risk groups based on: increased absolute monocyte count, presence of circulating blasts, hemoglobin <10 gm/dL and platelets <100 × 109/L. The median survival was 32 months, 18.5 months and 10 months in the low, intermediate, and high‐risk groups, respectively. The Groupe Francophone des (GFM) score segregated CMML patients into three risk groups based on: age >65 years, WBC >15 × 109/L, anemia, platelets <100 × 109/L, and ASXL1 mutation status. After a median follow‐up of 2.5 years, survival ranged from not reached in the low‐risk group to 14.4 months in the high‐risk group.Risk‐adapted therapyThe Food and Drug Administration has approved azacitidine and decitabine for the treatment of patients with CMML. An allogeneic stem cell transplant can potentially offer a curative option to a subset of CMML patients. It is hoped that with the discovery of several novel mutations, targeted therapies will become available in the near future. Am. J. Heamtol. 88:968–974, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Über die Kontrolle von Photonen im Kasten und die Erforschung des Übergangs von der Quanten‐ zur klassischen Welt (Nobel‐Aufsatz)
Authors: Haroche Serge 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn einem supraleitenden Resonator gefangene Mikrowellen‐Photonen stellen ein ideales System dar, um die Gedankenexperimente der Gründerväter der Quantenmechanik zu verwirklichen. Die Wechselwirkung dieser gefangenen Photonen mit Rydberg‐Atomen, die den Resonator passieren, veranschaulicht fundamentale Aspekte der Messtheorie. Die Experimente, die mit diesem “Photonenkasten” an der Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) durchgeführt werden, gehören dem als “Resonator‐Quantenelektrodynamik” (“Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics”) bezeichneten Gebiet der Quantenoptik an. Uns gelang die zerstörungsfreie Zählung von Photonen, die Erfassung von einzelnen Quantensprüngen des Feldes, die Präparation und Rekonstruktion von “Schrödingerkatzen‐Zuständen” von Photonen sowie die Untersuchung ihrer Dekohärenz, was eine bemerkenswerte Veranschaulichung des Übergangs von der Quanten‐ zur klassischen Welt bietet. Die Experimente haben ebenfalls zur Demonstration grundlegender Schritte der Quanteninformationsverarbeitung geführt, darunter die deterministische Verschränkung von Atomen und die Verwirklichung von Quanten‐Gattern unter Verwendung von Atomen und Photonen als Quanten‐Bits. Dieser Vortrag beginnt mit einer Einführung, die die Verbindung zwischen dem Photonenkasten an der ENS und den Experimenten mit Ionenfallen von David Wineland hervorhebt, dessen begleitender Vortrag einen Überblick über seinen eigenen Beitrag auf dem Gebiet der Kontrolle einzelner Teilchen bietet. Ich werde anschließend einen persönlichen Einblick in die Frühzeit des Gebiets der Resonator‐Quantenelektrodynamik geben, bevor ich die wichtigsten Experimente beschreibe, die in den letzten zwanzig Jahren an der ENS durchgeführt wurden. Der Vortrag endet mit einer Diskussion, die unsere Arbeit mit jener anderer Wissenschaftler vergleicht, die sich mit der Kontrolle einzelner Quantenteilchen beschäftigen.
The Chemistry and Biology of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulators and Activators
Authors: Follmann Markus , Griebenow Nils , Hahn Michael G. , Hartung Ingo , Mais Franz‐Josef , Mittendorf Joachim , Schäfer Martina , Schirok Hartmut , Stasch Johannes‐Peter , Stoll Friederike , Straub Alexander 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe vasodilatory properties of nitric oxide (NO) have been utilized in pharmacotherapy for more than 130 years. Still today, NO‐donor drugs are important in the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, inhaled NO or drugs releasing NO and organic nitrates are associated with noteworthy therapeutic shortcomings, including resistance to NO in some disease states, the development of tolerance during long‐term treatment, and nonspecific effects, such as post‐translational modification of proteins. The beneficial actions of NO are mediated by stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a heme‐containing enzyme which produces the intracellular signaling molecule cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Recently, two classes of compounds have been discovered that amplify the function of sGC in a NO‐independent manner, the so‐called sGC stimulators and sGC activators. The most advanced drug, the sGC stimulator riociguat, has successfully undergone Phase III clinical trials for different forms of pulmonary hypertension.
Double‐hydrophilic polyether antiscalant used as a crystal growth modifier of calcium scales in cooling‐water systems
Authors: Liu Yahui , Zhou Yuming , Yao Qingzhao , Huang Jingyi , Liu Guangqing , Wang Huchuan , Cao Ke , Chen Yiyi , Bu Yunyun , Wu Wendao , Sun Wei 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, we synthesized a novel double‐hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based crystal growth modifier polyethylene glycol double‐ester of maleic anhydride/ acrylic acid named PEGDMA/AA, whose structure was still linear but also had some differences from a traditional chelating linear polymer, in which the PEG segment was incorporated. The scale inhibition behavior of PEGDMA/AA was evaluated by means of a static scale inhibition method. As the polymerization degree of PEGnDMA was 8 (n = 8), the maximum inhibitory toward calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium sulfate (CaSO4) were 89.0 and 98.8% at dosage levels of 12 and 3 mg/L, respectively. Comparisons with other inhibitors were also carried out. Characterization of the CaCO3 and CaSO4 scales with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy proved that great changes in the size and morphology of the calcium scales took place under the influence of PEG8DMA/AA. X‐ray diffraction and diffraction patterns further confirmed the impact of PEG8DMA/AA as a crystal growth modifier. The three supposed mechanisms, (1) chelating solubilization, (2) multilayer type of adsorption, and (3) electrostatic repulsion function, are also described in detail. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39792.
A novel biomaterial: bacterial cellulose and its new era applications
Authors: Mohite Bhavna V. , Patil Satish V. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising natural polymer that is produced by bacteria and that has unique and desirable structural, physical, and chemical properties. From the time when the remarkable properties of BC were found 15 years ago compared with plant cellulose, interest has grown in BC and it has become an article of trade in diverse applications. Following this trend, this paper reviews the progress of relevant studies, including general information about cellulose, production by microorganisms as well as BC cultivation, and its properties. The applications reviewed in the present article comprise biological and nonbiological fields. The latest use of BC in the biomedical, environmental, agricultural, electronic, food, and industrial fields is discussed with its applications in composite form. The present article attempts to amass the assorted uses of BC under one umbrella. Thus, recent advances in BC applications in different fields are thoroughly reviewed. This article concludes with the need for future research of BC to make it commercialized as vital biomaterial.
Improving colon cancer screening in community clinics
Authors: Davis Terry , Arnold Connie , Rademaker Alfred , Bennett Charles , Bailey Stacy , Platt Daci , Reynolds Cristalyn , Liu Dachao , Carias Edson , Bass Pat , Wolf Michael 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUNDThe authors evaluated the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of 2 interventions designed to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in safety‐net settings.METHODSA 3‐arm, quasi‐experimental evaluation was conducted among 8 clinics in Louisiana. Screening efforts included: 1) enhanced usual care, 2) literacy‐informed education of patients, and 3) education plus nurse support. Overall, 961 average‐risk patients ages 50 to 85 years were eligible for routine CRC screening and were recruited. Outcomes included CRC screening completion and incremental cost effectiveness using literacy‐informed education of patients and education plus nurse support versus enhanced usual care.RESULTSThe baseline screening rate was <3%. After the interventions, the screening rate was 38.6% with enhanced usual care, 57.1% with education, and 60.6% with education that included additional nurse support. After adjusting for age, race, sex, and literacy, patients who received education alone were not more likely to complete screening than those who received enhanced usual care; and those who received additional nurse support were 1.60‐fold more likely to complete screening than those who received enhanced usual care (95% confidence interval, 1.06‐2.42; P = .024). The incremental cost per additional individual screened was $1337 for education plus nurse support over enhanced usual care.CONCLUSIONSFecal occult blood test rates were increased beyond enhanced usual care by providing brief education and nurse support but not by providing education alone. More cost‐effective alternatives to nurse support need to be investigated. Cancer 2013;119:3879–3886. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Overexpression of caldesmon is associated with lymph node metastasis and poorer prognosis in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chang Kai‐Ping , Wang Chih‐Lueh Albert , Kao Huang‐Kai , Liang Ying , Liu Shiau‐Chin , Huang Ling‐Ling , Hseuh Chuen , Hsieh Ya‐Ju , Chien Kun‐Yi , Chang Yu‐Sun , Yu Jau‐Song , Chi Lang‐Ming 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUNDA previous comparative tissue proteomics study by the authors of the current study led to the identification of caldesmon (CaD) as one of the proteins associated with cervical metastasis of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the current investigation, the authors focused on the potential functions of CaD in patients with OSCC.METHODSCaD expression was examined in tissue samples from 155 patients using immunohistochemical analysis. The expression of CaD variants was determined by Western blot analysis and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the specific effects of CaD gene overexpression and silence were determined in OSCC cell lines.RESULTSCaD expression was found to be significantly higher in tumor cells from metastatic lymph nodes compared with primary tumor cells, and was nearly absent in normal oral epithelia. Higher CaD expression was found to be correlated with positive N classification, poor differentiation, perineural invasion, and tumor depth (P = .001, P = .029, P = .001, and P = .031, respectively). In survival analyses, OSCC patients with higher CaD expression were found to have poorer prognosis with regard to disease‐specific survival and disease‐free survival (P = .003 and P = .014, respectively). Multivariate analyses further indicated that higher CaD expression was an independent predictor of disease‐specific survival (P = .043). Serum CaD levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with OSCC, but this finding was not associated with clinicopathological manifestations. Data obtained from in vitro suppression, rescue, and overexpression of CaD in OEC‐M1 cells indicated that CaD promotes migration and invasive processes in OSCC cells.CONCLUSIONSThe findings of the current study collectively suggest that the low‐molecular‐weight CaD expression in OSCC tumors is associated with tumor metastasis and patient survival. Cancer 2013;119:4003–4011. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Analgesic and decongestant efficacy of the combination of aspirin with pseudoephedrine in patients with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection
Authors: Eccles Ronald , Voelker Michael 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe study investigated the efficacy and safety of a combination therapy of 1,000 mg aspirin (ASA) and 60 mg pseudoephedrine (PSE) on the symptoms of pain (combined score for headache and sore throat) and nasal congestion in 833 patients with acute upper respiratory tract viral infection (URTI), over 4 hours after a single dose in the clinic and over 3 days with multiple doses at home. The study demonstrated that over 4 hours in the clinic the combination ASA plus PSE was superior to PSE or placebo for relief of pain symptoms measured subjectively with pain scores, and was superior to ASA or placebo for relief of nasal congestion as measured objectively with rhinomanometry and subjectively with congestion scores. After 3 days of treatment, ASA plus PSE was superior to PSE but not to placebo or ASA for global pain assessments, and ASA plus PSE was superior to ASA and placebo but not to PSE for congestion assessments. No unexpected adverse events occurred and no serious adverse events were attributed to study medicines. This study demonstrates that a combination therapy of ASA plus PSE provides safe and effective relief of both common cold pain related symptoms and nasal congestion.
Use of high‐normal levels of haemoglobin A1C and fasting plasma glucose for diabetes screening and for prediction: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Kodama Satoru , Horikawa Chika , Fujihara Kazuya , Hirasawa Reiko , Yachi Yoko , Yoshizawa Sakiko , Tanaka Shiro , Sone Yasuko , Shimano Hitoshi , Iida Kaoruko Tada , Saito Kazumi , Sone Hirohito 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundUsing high‐normal levels of haemoglobin A1C (Abnormal‐A1C) or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (Abnormal‐FPG) for diabetes screening are expected to improve the ability to detect persons with or at high risk of diabetes. We assessed the diagnostic and predictive capacity for diabetes of Abnormal‐A1C and Abnormal‐FPG. We compared these to the combined use of the two measures to the single use of either measurement.MethodsWe analysed 31 eligible cross‐sectional or cohort studies that assessed diagnostic or predictive ability, respectively, by using lower A1C and FPG cutoff values than recommended by current diabetes criteria. Positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−) were calculated to assess the ability to confirm or exclude diabetes, respectively, on the basis of a bivariate random‐effects model.ResultsWith both Abnormal‐A1C and Abnormal‐FPG, the pooled LR+ was above 4 for diagnosing diabetes and above 3 for predicting diabetes. However, the pooled LR− for predicting diabetes was higher with Abnormal‐A1C (0.48) and Abnormal‐FPG (0.49) in comparison with that for diagnosing diabetes (0.27, Abnormal‐A1C; 0.28, Abnormal‐FPG). In eight studies that assessed the predictive ability of the combination of A1C and FPG, using either Abnormal‐A1C or Abnormal‐FPG could lower LR− to 0.17 from 0.43 for only Abnormal‐A1C and from 0.38 for only Abnormal‐FPG. Accordingly, LR+ was also lowered to 2.37 from 3.36 for only Abnormal‐A1C and from 3.84 for only‐Abnormal‐FPG.ConclusionThe use of the two blood glucose tests had insufficient capacity to identify subjects at high risk for diabetes but had considerable capacity to identify undiagnosed diabetes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of Thermal Conductance of Peltier Device Using Heat Disturbance Observer
Authors: Morimitsu Hidetaka , Katsura Seiichiro 
Published: August 2013

SummaryIn industry, temperature control and heat flow control are now applied in many thermal devices, including Peltier devices, which facilitates heat transfer by the Peltier effect. Generally, temperature control compensates for heat flowing from the external environment, while heat actively flows into the system during heat flow control. Thus, temperature control and heat flow control differ from each other. However, there have been no detailed discussions of a thermal control process in which the thermal conductance control ranges between 0 and ∞. This paper focuses on thermal conductance control and the construction of a thermal conductance control system for a Peltier device using a heat disturbance observer. When using the thermal conductance controller, the thermal conductance control is altered and the system becomes thermally compliant with the external environment. This paper also presents experimental results that confirm the validity of the proposed control system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 185(4): 44–52, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22411