bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the retention capacity of green roofs
Authors: Burszta-Adamiak Ewa 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Green roofs are one of the modern solutions used to achieve sustainable stormwater management in urban areas. These structures are still more often designed for newly constructed buildings in Poland, based on the observations of changes in urban areas that result in the increased sealing of soil surface and thus in the limitation of natural stormwater infiltration and retention sites. In spite of a growing interest in green roofs, the data related to their retention capacity in Polish conditions is still insufficient.
This study presents the results of the author’s tests, conducted in the years 2009-2010 on experimental sites located on the roof of the Science and Education Centre building of the University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław. The aim of these tests was to determine the retention capabilities of green roofs and the runoff delay and peak runoff reduction during rainfall events recorded in local conditions.
The results show that green roofs can play a significant role in the reduction of total outflow volume of stormwater falling on their surface. Multi-layered structure of green roofs contribute also to a slowdown in the outflow of stormwater and to reduction in the peak runoff volume in comparison to the maximum recorded intensity of rainfall. Mean retention for 153 analysed rainfall events amounted from 82.5% to 85.7% for green roofs. In the case of rain events up to 1 mm a day, the retention for green roofs reached nearly 100%.
Assessment of water physico-chemical characteristics and statistical evaluation of Narmada Estuarine Region, Gujarat, India
Authors: Nirmal Kumar Isaiah J. , Basil George , Nirmal Kumar Rita , Sajish Poliyaparambil Ravi , Shailendra Viyol 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Investigations on physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen), including dissolved nutrients (PO4-P, NO3-N, SiO4-Si) and chlorophyll-a were carried out in the water off the mouth of the Narmada estuary from July 2008 to June 2009. The multivariate statistics and principal component analysis applied to the datasets, indicated two factors during the whole study period influencing variability in the water to the extent of 72%. Principal axis factoring and alpha factoring have been used to observe the mode of association of parameters and their interrelationships, for evaluating water quality. The results indicated the addition of phosphates and silicates to the coastal water by the Narmada estuary from natural sources during study period. The study indicated that the Narmada estuary adds sufficiently well-oxygenated, nutrient-rich water to the coastal region.
Reliability and risk analysis of trainer/Analiza niezawodności i ryzyka samolotu szkoleniowego
Authors: Woch Marta , Matyjewski Marek 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Exploitation of aircraft can be associated with risk of sustaining air accidents.
The risk reduction is possible as a result of an analysis, portraying the most dangerous
incidents and undesired events. In this paper the reliability based on events that occurred
during the current exploitation of trainers variant PZL-130 Orlik TC-I and PZL-130 Orlik
TC-II was determined. From among all the events, ones characterized by the greatest
likelihood of occurrence were selected. The probability of occurrence and the average time
to undesired event were calculated. Then, a graph showing the most likely categories of
results of undesired events that may occur during one fly was developed. The graph
allowed for determining events associated with the highest risk of accident occurrence.
Lower incidence of these events, or limitation of their consequences decrease the risk
associated with the Exploitation of trainers PZL-130 Orlik TC-I and PZL-130 Orlik TC-II.
The vast, heterogeneous distributed network simulation program - testing and training environment for the command and control systems/Program rzległej, heterogenicznej rozproszonej sieci symulacyjnej – środowisko testowe i treningowe dla zautomatyzowanych systemów dowodzenia
Authors: Bryła Grzegorz , Sulkowski Jarosław 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The article describes proposal to create a vast, heterogeneous,
distributed simulation network dedicated to the needs for the Polish Armed Forces,
the Research & Development Institutes and companies carrying out research and
development projects for defense and security. The authors described possibility to
utilize proposed network to implement computer-aided exercise at all levels of
command: from tactical to strategic level. In addition, it is described the possibility
of using the network for research development projects for the defense and
security, through the implementation of tests to verify the integration of new
solutions with existing systems and experimenting with innovative products.
Improvement the systems of exploitation machine/Doskonalenie strategii utrzymania zdatności maszyn
Authors: Żółtowski Bogdan , Żółtowski Mariusz 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

It this work was talked over chosen and the new problems of exploitation
of folded machine engines, helped with methods of technical diagnostics and
monitoring the state. This concerns more and more often: the questions perfecting
the effectiveness of methods of diagnosing, systems of preventive exchanges, new
solutions of software on stage co-ordinating the decision (one - and the multi -
dimension), as and the dedicated systems of diagnosing in engineering of
diagnostics. Introduced problems of this study finds in processes of destruction of
machine engines his reason, concurrent every machine engine near at hand after
her producing, until to liquidation. The be shaping the costs of exploitation of
machine engines and the possibilities of applying of well-known strategies of
exploitation differentiate in this area the variety of organizational workings. The
developing technical diagnostics gives to rational exploitation of machine engines
the basis in newly created or the perfected diagnostic systems of exploitation.
An economic aspect of shaping reliability and safety of the ‘pilot-aircraft’ system/Ekonomiczny aspekt kształtowania niezawodności i bezpieczeństwa systemu „pilot – statek powietrzny”
Authors: Zieja Mariusz , Zieja Mirosław 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

An economic factor is what should be given careful consideration throughout the
aircraft service process. This is what significantly adds to the question of aircraft utility
value. Any aircraft of even exceptionally good engineering properties may show rather
poor utility value if it proves extremely expensive while in operation. If significance of
economic issues throughout the process of operating military aircraft remains
underestimated, it may straightforward lead to false if not disastrous solutions. Rational
decisions on increasing expenditures on improvement in the operational use of military
aircraft are expected to result in: substantial increase in operational readiness of aircraft,
significant increase in aircraft reliability, increase in the ratio of effectiveness for the
operational use of aircraft. Any increase in the above-mentioned fundamental rates of
aircraft operation will provide some rise in the level of safety for the aircrew.
Analysis on the Time and Frequency Domains of the Acceleration in Front Crawl Stroke
Authors: Gil Joaquín , Moreno Luis-Millán , Mahiques Juan , Muñoz Víctor 
Published: February 2013

Analysis on the Time and Frequency Domains of the Acceleration in Front Crawl Stroke
The swimming involves accelerations and decelerations in the swimmer's body. Thus, the main objective of this study is to make a temporal and frequency analysis of the acceleration in front crawl swimming, regarding the gender and the performance. The sample was composed by 31 male swimmers (15 of high-level and 16 of low-level) and 20 female swimmers (11 of high-level and 9 of low-level). The acceleration was registered from the third complete cycle during eight seconds in a 25 meters maximum velocity test. A position transducer (200Hz) was used to collect the data, and it was synchronized to an aquatic camera (25Hz). The acceleration in the temporal (root mean square, minimum and maximum of the acceleration) and frequency (power peak, power peak frequency and spectral area) domains was calculated with Fourier analysis, as well as the velocity and the spectrums distribution in function to present one or more main peaks (type 1 and type 2). A one-way ANOVA was used to establish differences between gender and performance. Results show differences between genders in all the temporal domain variables (p<0.05) and only the Spectral Area (SA) in the frequency domain (p<0.05). Between gender and performance, only the Root Mean Square (RMS) showed differences in the performance of the male swimmers (p<0.05) and in the higher level swimmers, the Maximum (Max) and the Power Peak (PP) of the acceleration showed differences between both genders (p<0.05). These results confirms the importance of knowing the RMS to determine the efficiency of the swimmers regarding gender and performance level
General Anthropometric and Specific Physical Fitness Profile of High-Level Junior Water Polo Players
Authors: Kondrič Miran , Uljević Ognjen , Gabrilo Goran , Kontić Dean , Sekulić Damir 
Published: February 2013

General Anthropometric and Specific Physical Fitness Profile of High-Level Junior Water Polo Players
The aim of this study was to investigate the status and playing position differences in anthropometric measures and specific physical fitness in high-level junior water polo players.
The sample of subjects comprised 110 water polo players (17 to 18 years of age), including one of the world's best national junior teams for 2010. The subjects were divided according to their playing positions into: Centers (N = 16), Wings (N = 28), perimeter players (Drivers; N = 25), Points (N = 19), and Goalkeepers (N = 18). The variables included body height, body weight, body mass index, arm span, triceps- and subscapular-skinfold. Specific physical fitness tests comprised: four swimming tests, namely: 25m, 100m, 400m and a specific anaerobic 4×50m test (average result achieved in four 50m sprints with a 30 sec pause), vertical body jump (JUMP; maximal vertical jump from the water starting from a water polo defensive position) and a dynamometric power achieved in front crawl swimming (DYN).
ANOVA with post-hoc comparison revealed significant differences between positions for most of the anthropometrics, noting that the Centers were the heaviest and had the highest BMI and subscapular skinfold. The Points achieved the best results in most of the swimming capacities and JUMP test. No significant group differences were found for the 100m and 4×50m tests. The Goalkeepers achieved the lowest results for DYN.
Given the representativeness of the sample of subjects, the results of this study allow specific insights into the physical fitness and anthropometric features of high-level junior water polo players and allow coaches to design a specific training program aimed at achieving the physical fitness results presented for each playing position.
Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry to Measure the Effects of a Thirteen-Week Moderate to Vigorous Aquatic Exercise and Nutritional Education Intervention on Percent Body Fat in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities from Group Home Settings
Authors: Casey Amanda , Boyd Colin , MacKenzie Sasho , Rasmussen Roy 
Published: February 2013

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry to Measure the Effects of a Thirteen-Week Moderate to Vigorous Aquatic Exercise and Nutritional Education Intervention on Percent Body Fat in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities from Group Home Settings
People with intellectual disability are more likely to be obese and extremely obese than people without intellectual disability with rates remaining elevated among adults, women and individuals living in community settings. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured the effects of a 13-week aquatic exercise and nutrition intervention on percent body fat in eight adults with intellectual disabilities (aged 41.0 ± 13.7 yrs) of varying fat levels (15%-39%) from two group homes. A moderate to vigorous aquatic exercise program lasted for the duration of 13 weeks with three, one-hour sessions held at a 25m pool each week. Nutritional assistants educated participants as to the importance of food choice and portion size. A two-tailed Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test determined the impact of the combined intervention on body fat percentage and BMI at pre and post test. Median body fat percentage (0.8 %) and BMI (0.3 kg/m2) decreased following the exercise intervention, but neither were statistically significant, p = .11 and p = .55, respectively. The combined intervention was ineffective at reducing percent body fat in adults with intellectual disability according to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. These results are in agreement with findings from exercise alone interventions and suggest that more stringent nutritional guidelines are needed for this population and especially for individuals living in group home settings. The study did show that adults with intellectual disability may participate in moderate to vigorous physical activity when given the opportunity.
Biomechanical evaluation of exercises for performing a forward handspring - Case study
Authors: Živčić-Marković Kamenka , Sporiš Goran , Čavar Ines , Aleksić-Veljković Aleksandra , Milanović Zoran 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The aim of this study was based on the kinematic parameters, extracted at different stages of performing a
forward handspring to determine the interconnection of methodological procedures of learning with the final structure
of the movement. The respondent is an active competitor with years of experience, elite athlete, many times Croatian
champion, and competitor at European, World Championships and the Olympics. The team composed of six gymnastic
experts, chose one of the best performances by twelve methodological procedures and the best performance (of six) twoleg
forward handsprings basing their choice on a detailed review of recorded material. Assessment of quality of
performance was done according to the defined rules prescribed by the regulations (Code of Points). The forward
handspring technique consists of four phases based on which 45 space and time kinematic parameters were selected (30
parameters in the phase of hand contact and push-off, 7 in the flight phase, and 8 parameters in the landing phase). By
extraction of space and time parameters, there was a differentiation of certain methodological procedures that are the
best for learning forward handspring in each phase of its performance. This research indicates that these methodological
procedures mostly coincide in space kinematic parameters by which the technique of a forward handspring is described.
A comparison of mechanical parameters between the counter movement jump and drop jump in Biathletes
Authors: Król Henryk , Mynarski Władysław 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe main objective of the study was to determine to what degree higher muscular activity, achieved by increasedload in the extension phase (eccentric muscle action) of the vertical jump, affects the efficiency of the vertical jump.Sixteen elite biathletes participated in this investigation. The biathletes performed tests that consisted of five, single“maximal” vertical jumps (counter movement jump - CMJ) and five, single vertical jumps, in which the task was totouch a bar placed over the jumping biathletes (specific task counter movement jump - SCMJ). Then, they performedfive, single drop jumps from an elevation of 0.4m (DJ). Ground reaction forces were registered using the KISTLER9182C force platform. MVJ software was used for signal processing (Król, 1999) and enabling calculations forkinematic and kinetic parameters of the subject’s jump movements (on-line system). The results indicate that onlyheight of the jump (h) and mean power (Pmean) during the takeoff are statistically significant. Both h and Pmean arehigher in the DJ. The results of this study may indicate that elite biathletes are well adapted to eccentric work of thelower limbs, thus reaching greater values of power during the drop jump. These neuromuscular adaptive changes mayallow for a more dynamic and efficient running technique.
Anaerobic and aerobic performance of elite female and male snowboarders
Authors: Żebrowska Aleksandra , Żyła Dorota , Kania Damian , Langfort Józef 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe physiological adaptation to training is specific to the muscle activity, dominant energy system involved,muscle groups trained, as well as intensity and volume of training. Despite increasing popularity of snowboarding onlylittle scientific data is available on the physiological characteristics of female and male competitive snowboarders.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the aerobic capacity and maximal anaerobic power of elite Polishsnowboarders with untrained subjects. Ten snowboarders and ten aged matched students of Physical Educationperformed two exercise tests. First, a 30-second Wingate test was conducted and next, a cycle ergometer exercise testwith graded intensity. In the first test, peak anaerobic power, the total work, relative peak power and relative meanpower were measured. During the second test, relative maximal oxygen uptake and lactate threshold were evaluated.There were no significant differences in absolute and relative maximal oxygen uptake between snowboarders and thecontrol group. Mean maximal oxygen uptake and lactate threshold were significantly higher in men than in women.Significant differences were found between trained men and women regarding maximal power and relative maximalpower. The elite snowboarders demonstrated a high level of anaerobic power. The level of relative peak power in trainedwomen correlated negatively with maximal oxygen uptake. In conclusion, our results seem to indicate that thedemanding competition program of elite snowboarders provides a significant training stimulus mainly for anaerobicpower with minor changes in anaerobic performance.
Sprint performance changes and determinants in Afro-Caribbean adolescents between 13 and 15 years old
Authors: Babel Copaver Karine , Hertogh Claude , Hue Olivier 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Afro-Caribbean sprinters often reach high performance levels at an early age. Adolescence is a time of
morphological and physiological changes. This study was designed to analyze the evolution in parameters of short
sprint performance during adolescence in Afro-Caribbean boys, especially the stride number/body height ratio (SN/BH),
which is at the interface of technical and morphological factors. Seventy-one 13-year-old boys performed vertical jumps
and short sprint races. The races were filmed with a view to determine stride variables. Anthropometric parameters
were also measured. The same tests were performed two years later. Body height and SN/BH were the main predictors
of sprint performance. The delta of performance was principally explained by stride length and stride number. Although
deterioration in technical parameters was expected, the parameters related to body size and stride length were the main
sprint performance predictors rather than explosive force. These results could be useful in developing tests to detect
sprint potential in youth.
Match duration and number of rallies in men´s and women´s 2000-2010 FIVB world tour beach volleyball
Authors: Palao José Manuel , Valades David , Ortega Enrique 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAfter the 2000 Olympic Games, the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) modified the scoringsystem used in beach volleyball from side-out to a rally point system. The goal was to facilitate the comprehension of thegame and to stabilize match duration. The purpose of this study was to assess the duration and number of rallies inmen´s and women´s beach volleyball matches (2000-2010 FIVB World Tour). Data from 14,432 men´s matches and14,175 women´s matches of the 2000-2010 World Tour were collected. The variables studied were: match duration,total rallies per set and match, number of sets, team that won the set and match, type of match (equality in score), andgender. The average match duration in beach volleyball is stable, ranging from 30 to 64 minutes, regardless of thenumber of sets, the stage of the tournament (qualifying round or main draw), or gender. The average number of ralliesper match were 78-80 for two-set matches and 94-96 for three-set matches. Matches from the main draw are morebalanced than matches from the qualifying round. More balanced matches (smaller point difference between teams) havelonger durations. It is not clear why there is no relationship between the number of rallies and match duration. Futurestudies are needed to clarify this aspect. The results can serve as a reference to guide beach volleyball training (withregard to duration and number of rallies) and to help understand the effect of the rule change.
The influence of different hand paddle size on 100-m front crawl kinematics
Authors: López-Plaza Daniel , Alacid Fernando , López-Miñarro Pedro A. , Muyor José M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the influence of different sizes of hand paddles on kinematicparameters during a 100 m freestyle swimming performance in elite swimmers. Nine elite swimmers (19.1 ± 1.9 years)completed three tests of 100 m without paddles, with small paddles (271.27 cm2) and with large paddles (332.67 cm2),respectively. One video camera was used to record the performance during the three trials. The mean swimmingvelocity, stroke rate and stroke length were measured in the central 10 meters of each 50 m length. The results showedthat stroke length tended to increase significantly when wearing hand paddles (p < 0.05) during both the first andsecond 50 m sections whereas the increase in swimming velocity occurred only in the second 50 m (p < 0.05).Conversely, the stroke rate showed a slight decreasing trend with increasing paddle size. During the 100 m freestyletrial the stroke kinematics were changed significantly as a result of the increase in propelling surface size when handpaddles were worn.
Evolution of perceived cohesion and efficacy over the season and their relation to success expectations in soccer teams
Authors: Marcos Francisco Miguel Leo , Sánchez-Miguel Pedro Antonio , Sánchez-Oliva David , Amado Alonso Diana , García-Calvo Tomás 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe main goal of the study is to examine the evolution of players' perception of cohesion and efficacy over theseason and their relation with success expectations. The research sample comprised 146 male soccer players, agedbetween 15 and 19 years (M = 16.96, SD = .76). Diverse instruments were used to measure cohesion, perceived efficacy,and success expectations. The most noteworthy results show that players whose expectations do not match the team'sfinal performance will experience a negative evolution of their levels of perceived cohesion and efficacy, whereas playerswhose expectations at the start of the season match the team's final performance in the classification will maintain theirdegree of perceived cohesion and efficacy. The main conclusion of the study is that coaches and sport psychologistsshould attempt to clarify the players' basic goals of the season to create expectations that match what is expected fromthe team.