bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletal muscle atrophy in advanced interstitial lung disease
Authors: Mendes Polyana , Wickerson Lisa , Helm Denise , Janaudis‐Ferreira Tania , Brooks Dina , Singer Lianne G. , Mathur Sunita 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveA limited number of studies examine skeletal muscle dysfunction in individuals with interstitial lung disease (ILD). We compared upper and lower limb muscle size and strength in individuals with advanced ILD with healthy controls. Second, the relationships of muscle size to muscle strength and function were explored.MethodsIndividuals with advanced ILD listed for lung transplant and healthy control subjects were studied. B‐mode ultrasound was performed to assess cross‐sectional area (CSA) of rectus femoris and thickness of gastrocnemius and soleus and biceps brachii. Subjects performed isometric muscle strength testing, Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up and Go, and Unsupported Upper Limb Exercise Test.ResultsTwenty‐six individuals with advanced ILD (61 ± 8 years; 73% males; forced vital capacity: 2 ± 0.8 L, 49 ± 13% predicted; diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide: 9.3 ± 4 mL/min/mm Hg, 51 ± 20% predicted) and 12 healthy age and gender‐matched controls (56 ± 9.5 years; 50% males) were included. Compared with controls, people with ILD had a smaller CSA of rectus femoris (7.6 ± 2.1 vs 9.4 ± 2.4 cm2; P = 0.03) and lower strength of knee extensors (119 ± 35 vs 147 ± 39 Nm; P = 0.02) and plantarflexors (37 ± 19 vs 50 ± 15 Nm; P = 0.02), but not of biceps. Individuals with ILD also had impaired performance on all functional tests (P < 0.02). Moderate correlations were found between rectus femoris CSA and knee extensor strength (r = 0.63; P < 0.01) and biceps thickness and elbow flexor strength (r = 0.78; P < 0.01) in the ILD group.ConclusionsIndividuals with advanced ILD presented with lower limb muscle atrophy and weakness. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness of exercise training on muscle function in advanced ILD.
Partial denture swallowed by patient with dementia
Authors: Saunders Ralph 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeTo present a rare case of a male dementia patient in a nursing home who swallowed a partial denture which lodged in the airway.MethodsDuring breakfast, a patient with moderate dementia experienced a sore throat, labored breathing, and difficulty swallowing. Uncertainty about the cause of these problems was exacerbated by the patient's cognitive losses, his reduced oro‐motor function, and awareness of caregivers that the possible involvement of a denture of this size was unlikely. At the beginning of the third day, he developed a low‐grade fever and was placed on antibiotics. A chest x‐ray was negative.ResultsOn the fourth day, a flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing was performed, which revealed the partial denture resting in the hypopharynx on the patient's vocal cords.DiscussionAlong with pneumonia and viral bronchitis, a swallowed denture needs to be in the differential diagnosis of a dementia patient experiencing difficulty swallowing.ConclusionsNursing home caregivers be aware that even a sizable partial denture can be swallowed and extra vigilance is essential in caring for dementia patients.
Stratal composition and stratigraphic organization of stratal elements in an ancient deep‐marine basin‐floor succession, Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Terlaky Viktor , Rocheleau Jonathan , Arnott Robert William Charles 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDespite a globally growing seismic and outcrop analogue data set, the detailed (centimetre to decametre) internal stratal make up of deep‐marine basin‐floor ‘channelized‐lobe’ strata remain poorly known. An ancient analogue for modern, mixed‐sediment, passive margin, deep‐marine basin‐floor fans is the well‐preserved Neoproterozoic Upper and Middle Kaza groups in the southern Canadian Cordillera. This succession is a few kilometres thick and comprises six sedimentary facies representing deposition from different kinds of sediment‐gravity flows. Representative lateral and vertical assemblages of one or more of these facies comprise six stratal elements, including: isolated scours, avulsion splays, feeder channels, distributary channels, terminal splays, and distal and off‐axis fine‐grained turbidite units. The internal characteristics of the various stratal elements do not differ from more distal to more proximal settings, but the relative abundance of the various stratal elements does. The difference in relative abundance of stratal elements in the kilometre‐scale stratigraphy of the Kaza Group results in a systematic upward change in architecture. The systematic arrangement of the stratal elements within the interpreted larger bodies, or lobes, and then lobes within the basin‐floor fan, suggests a hierarchical organization. In this article a hierarchy is proposed that is based on avulsion but, also importantly, the location of avulsion. The proposed avulsion‐based hierarchical scheme will be a useful tool to bridge the scalar gap between outcrop and seismic studies by providing a single stratigraphic framework and terminology for basin‐floor stratal elements.
Functional Operons in Secondary Metabolic Gene Clusters in
Glarea lozoyensis
(Fungi, Ascomycota, Leotiomycetes)
Authors: Yue Qun , Chen Li , Li Yan , Bills Gerald F. , Zhang Xinyu , Xiang Meichun , Li Shaojie , Che Yongsheng , Wang Chengshu , Niu Xuemei , An Zhiqiang , Liu Xingzhong 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Operons are multigene transcriptional units which occur mostly in prokaryotes but rarely in eukaryotes. Protein-coding operons have not been reported in the Fungi even though they represent a very diverse kingdom of organisms. Here, we report a functional operon involved in the secondary metabolism of the fungus
Glarea lozoyensis
belonging to Leotiomycetes (Ascomycota). Two contiguous genes,
glpks3
and
glnrps7
, encoding polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase, respectively, are cotranscribed into one dicistronic mRNA under the control of the same promoter, and the mRNA is then translated into two individual proteins, GLPKS3 and GLNRPS7. Heterologous expression in
Aspergillus nidulans
shows that the GLPKS3-GLNRPS7 enzyme complex catalyzes the biosynthesis of a novel pyrrolidinedione-containing compound, xenolozoyenone (compound 1), which indicates the operon is functional. Although it is structurally similar to prokaryotic operons, the
glpks3-glnrps7
operon locus has a monophylogenic origin from fungi rather than having been horizontally transferred from prokaryotes. Moreover, two additional operons,
glpks28-glnrps8
and
glpks29-glnrps9
, were verified at the transcriptional level in the same fungus. This is the first report of protein-coding operons in a member of the Fungi.

IMPORTANCE
Operons are multigene transcriptional units which occur mostly in prokaryotes but rarely in eukaryotes. Three operon-like gene structures for secondary metabolism that were discovered in the filamentous fungus
Glarea lozoyensis
are the first examples of protein-coding operons identified in a member of the Fungi. Among them, the
glpks3-glnrps7
operon is responsible for the biosynthesis of xenolozoyenone, which is a novel tetramic acid-containing compound. Although structurally similar to prokaryotic operons, the
glpks3-glnrps7
operon locus did not result from horizontal gene transfer from prokaryotes. In addition, operonlike structures have been predicted
in silico
to be common in other fungi. The common occurrence and operonlike structure in fungi provide evolutionary insight and essential data for eukaryotic gene transcription.
Evaluating the relevance of eBooks to corporate communication
Authors: Walton Rebecca , Hailey David 
Published: June 2015

Once one realizes that eBook formats (and particularly the EPUB3.0 format) are portable websites that can be carried on virtually any digital reading device, it should be self-evident that in the future eBooks may play an important role in corporate communications. This is especially true if one considers that eBooks solve important problems such as website passivity (websites are only useful when readers actually come to the site). Rather than wait for readers to come to them, corporations can send the websites to their readers (e.g., marketing, training updates, contact information, documentation). This may become especially true of the new IPUB3 format. Because e-reader devices have become so ubiquitous and because most new devices can read most formats, corporations can count on their audiences being able to access the content.
This paper examines many of the positives and negatives that eBooks in general and the EPUB format in particular might bring to corporate communication. In the end, corporations will almost certainly adopt some eBook technologies. The questions become which ones, for what uses, and how? This paper addresses these questions.
Association of Chronic Renal Insufficiency With In‐Hospital Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Gupta Tanush , Paul Neha , Kolte Dhaval , Harikrishnan Prakash , Khera Sahil , Aronow Wilbert S. , Mujib Marjan , Palaniswamy Chandrasekar , Sule Sachin , Jain Diwakar , Ahmed Ali , Cooper Howard A. , Frishman William H. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Panza Julio A. 
Published: June 2015

Background

The association of chronic renal insufficiency with outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (
PCI
) in the current era of drug‐eluting stents and modern antithrombotic therapy has not been well characterized.

Methods and Results

We queried the 2007–2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases to identify all patients aged ≥18 years who underwent
PCI
. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare in‐hospital outcomes among patients with chronic kidney disease (
CKD
), patients with end‐stage renal disease (
ESRD
), and those without
CKD
or
ESRD
. Of 3 187 404 patients who underwent
PCI
, 89% had no
CKD
/
ESRD
; 8.6% had
CKD
; and 2.4% had
ESRD
. Compared to patients with no
CKD
/
ESRD
, patients with
CKD
and patients with
ESRD
had higher in‐hospital mortality (1.4% versus 2.7% versus 4.4%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio for
CKD
1.15, 95%
CI
1.12 to 1.19,
P
<0.001; adjusted odds ratio for
ESRD
2.29, 95%
CI
2.19 to 2.40,
P
<0.001), higher incidence of postprocedure hemorrhage (3.5% versus 5.4% versus 6.0%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio for
CKD
1.21, 95%
CI
1.18 to 1.23,
P
<0.001; adjusted odds ratio for
ESRD
1.27, 95%
CI
1.23 to 1.32,
P
<0.001), longer average length of stay (2.9 days versus 5.0 days versus 6.4 days, respectively;
P
<0.001), and higher average total hospital charges ($60 526 versus $77 324 versus $97 102, respectively;
P
<0.001). Similar results were seen in subgroups of patients undergoing
PCI
for acute coronary syndrome or stable ischemic heart disease.

Conclusions

In patients undergoing
PCI
, chronic renal insufficiency is associated with higher in‐hospital mortality, higher postprocedure hemorrhage, longer average length of stay, and higher average hospital charges.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Prescription of Oral Anticoagulants in Stroke Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sjölander Maria , Eriksson Marie , Asplund Kjell , Norrving Bo , Glader Eva-Lotta 
Published: June 2015

Background and Purpose—
Oral anticoagulants (OACs) are effective against ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Our aim was to investigate differences in the prescribing of OACs after ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation based on age, sex, country of birth, and socioeconomic status.

Methods—
Patients with first-ever ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation without OAC treatment were included from the Swedish stroke register from 2009 to 2012. The outcome was OAC prescribed at discharge. Income, education, country of birth, and risk factors were obtained from official registers. Risk factors and health status were controlled for in multivariable logistic regression.

Results—
Of 12 088 stroke patients, 36.3% were prescribed an OAC. Prescribing was less common with older age and, in patients born in other Nordic countries (odds ratio [OR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–0.98) or countries outside of Europe (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.42–0.99) compared with those born in Sweden. University education (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.05–1.36) and highest income (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06–1.33) were associated with higher levels of OAC prescribing compared with those with primary school education or lowest income level.

Conclusion—
Differences by age, income, education, and country of birth were found in the prescribing of OACs after stroke. Differences were not explained by common risk factors. This indicates socioeconomic inequalities in the prescribing of preventive treatment after stroke.
In vitro and in vivo study on the effect of antifungal agents on hematopoietic cells in mice
Authors: Samalidou Maria , Bougiouklis Dimitris , Vyzantiadis Timoleon-Achilleas , Meletiadis Joseph , Monokrousos Nikolaos , Siotou Eleni , Sivropoulou Afroditi , Anagnostopoulos Achilles , Sotiropoulos Damianos 
Published: June 2015

Liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, and caspofungin are currently used for systemic and severe fungal infections. Patients with malignant diseases are treated with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for the recovery of granulocytes after chemotherapy or hematopoietic cell (HC) transplantation. Since they have a high incidence of fungal infections, they inevitably receive antifungal drugs for treatment and prophylaxis. Despite their proven less toxicity for various cell types comparatively with amphotericin B and the decrease in the number of leukocytes that has been reported as a possible complication in clinical studies, the effect of liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, and caspofungin on HCs has not been clarified. The present study aimed to examine the in vitro and in vivo effect of these three modern antifungals on HCs. Colony-forming unit (CFU) assays of murine bone marrow cells were performed in methylcellulose medium with or without cytokines and in the presence or absence of various concentrations of liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, and caspofungin. In the in vivo experiments, the absolute number of granulocytes was determined during leukocyte recovery in sublethally irradiated mice receiving each antifungal agent separately, with or without G-CSF. In vitro, all three antifungal drugs were nontoxic and, interestingly, they significantly increased the number of CFU-granulocyte-macrophage colonies in the presence of cytokines, at all concentrations tested. This was contrary to the concentration-dependent toxicity and the significant decrease caused by conventional amphotericin B. In vivo, the number of granulocytes was significantly higher with caspofungin plus G-CSF treatment, higher and to a lesser extent higher, but not statistically significantly, with voriconazole plus G-CSF and liposomal amphotericin B plus G-CSF treatments, respectively, as compared with G-CSF alone. These data indicate a potential synergistic effect of these antifungals with the cytokines, in vitro and in vivo, with subsequent positive effect on hematopoiesis.
Considerations for the use of transcriptomics in identifying the ‘genes that matter’ for environmental adaptation
Authors: Evans Tyler G. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTTranscriptomics has emerged as a powerful approach for exploring physiological responses to the environment. However, like any other experimental approach, transcriptomics has its limitations. Transcriptomics has been criticized as an inappropriate method to identify genes with large impacts on adaptive responses to the environment because: (1) genes with large impacts on fitness are rare; (2) a large change in gene expression does not necessarily equate to a large effect on fitness; and (3) protein activity is most relevant to fitness, and mRNA abundance is an unreliable indicator of protein activity. In this review, these criticisms are re-evaluated in the context of recent systems-level experiments that provide new insight into the relationship between gene expression and fitness during environmental stress. In general, these criticisms remain valid today, and indicate that exclusively using transcriptomics to screen for genes that underlie environmental adaptation will overlook constitutively expressed regulatory genes that play major roles in setting tolerance limits. Standard practices in transcriptomic data analysis pipelines may also be limiting insight by prioritizing highly differentially expressed and conserved genes over those genes that undergo moderate fold-changes and cannot be annotated. While these data certainly do not undermine the continued and widespread use of transcriptomics within environmental physiology, they do highlight the types of research questions for which transcriptomics is best suited and the need for more gene functional analyses. Such information is pertinent at a time when transcriptomics has become increasingly tractable and many researchers may be contemplating integrating transcriptomics into their research programs.
Antarctic notothenioid fish: what are the future consequences of ‘losses’ and ‘gains’ acquired during long-term evolution at cold and stable temperatures?
Authors: Beers Jody M. , Jayasundara Nishad 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Antarctic notothenioids dominate the fish fauna of the Southern Ocean. Evolution for millions of years at cold and stable temperatures has led to the acquisition of numerous biochemical traits that allow these fishes to thrive in sub-zero waters. The gain of antifreeze glycoproteins has afforded notothenioids the ability to avert freezing and survive at temperatures often hovering near the freezing point of seawater. Additionally, possession of cold-adapted proteins and membranes permits them to sustain appropriate metabolic rates at exceptionally low body temperatures. The notothenioid genome is also distinguished by the disappearance of traits in some species, losses that might prove costly in a warmer environment. Perhaps the best-illustrated example is the lack of expression of hemoglobin in white-blooded icefishes from the family Channichthyidae. Loss of key elements of the cellular stress response, notably the heat shock response, has also been observed. Along with their attainment of cold tolerance, notothenioids have developed an extreme stenothermy and many species perish at temperatures only a few degrees above their habitat temperatures. Thus, in light of today's rapidly changing climate, it is critical to evaluate how these extreme stenotherms will respond to rising ocean temperatures. It is conceivable that the remarkable cold specialization of notothenioids may ultimately leave them vulnerable to future thermal increases and threaten their fitness and survival. Within this context, our review provides a current summary of the biochemical losses and gains that are known for notothenioids and examines these cold-adapted traits with a focus on processes underlying thermal tolerance and acclimation capacity.
Ultrasound in lymphology
Authors: Brauer W. J. 
Published: June 2015

ZusammenfassungZwar kommt der Ultraschall in der Lymphologie häufig zu Anwendung, doch bestehen über die Möglichkeiten und die Wertigkeit dieser Methode zur Beurteilung des Lymph-ödems divergierende Ansichten. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden sonographische Kriterien von Ödemen und anderen Flüssigkeitseinlagerungen beschrieben, die sonographische Differenzierbarkeit diverser Flüssigkeitseinlagerungen diskutiert und Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Sonographie in der Lymphologie aufgezeigt.
Transition dynamics in the neoclassical growth model: the case of South Korea
Authors: Chang Yongsung , Hornstein Andreas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMany successful examples of economic development, such as South Korea, exhibit long periods of sustained capital accumulation. This process is characterized by a gradually rising investment rate along with a moderate rate of return to capital, both of which are strongly at odds with the standard neoclassical growth model that predicts an initially high and then declining investment rate with an extremely high return to capital. We show that minor modifications of the neoclassical model go a long way toward accounting for the capital accumulation path of the South Korean economy. Our modifications recognize that (i) agriculture (which makes up a large share of the aggregate economy in the early stage of development) does not rely much on capital and (ii) the relative price of capital declined substantially during the transition period.
Serre weights for U⁢(n){U(n)}
Authors: Barnet-Lamb Thomas , Gee Toby , Geraghty David 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We study the weight part of (a generalisation of)
Serre’s conjecture for mod l Galois representations associated to
automorphic representations on unitary groups of rank n for odd
primes l. Given a modular Galois representation, we use automorphy
lifting theorems to prove that it is modular in many other
weights. We make no assumptions on the ramification or inertial
degrees of l. We give an explicit strengthened result when

n
=
3

{n=3}

and l splits completely in the underlying CM field.
Preanalytic errors in anatomic pathology: study of 10,574 cases from five Portuguese hospitals
Authors: Roque Rúben , Henrique Hermínio , Aguiar Pedro 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background: Identification of errors in anatomic pathology is an important issue in medical practice. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and characterize preanalytic errors in surgical pathology and cytology samples. We also intended to explore associations between error prevalence and procedures implemented in hospitals concerning the type of requisition forms, use of guidelines for case acceptance and existence of error notification system.

Methods: We analyzed 10,574 cases in five Portuguese hospitals. The pathology laboratories recorded during 20 days all cases submitted with preanalytic errors, using an input form that allowed the identification of sample type, error description, action taken before error, the professional who detected the fail and the test cycle segment where it was identified. Subsequently, particular procedures in use for preanalytic phase were characterized for each hospital.

Results: The prevalence of cases with error was 3.1% (330/10,574), 95% confidence interval: 2.8%–3.5%. Errors occurred in 4.1% (250/6079) of histology specimens and 0.9% (40/4477) of cytology specimens, and included errors in the requisition forms (2.6% error rate) and in the sample container (1.5% error rate). Acceptance of cases with error was the most frequent action (66.9%), followed by rejection (24.4%) and retention (8.7%).

Conclusions: The existence of written norms for sample acceptance and error reporting systems to submitting services and patient safety department were proven to be associated to lower error prevalence.