bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of E. coli ʟ-Asparaginase by Reaction with 2,3-Butanedione. Chemical Modification of Arginine and Histidine Residues
Authors: Petz Dorothee , Löffler Hans-Gerhard , Schneider Friedh. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The inactivation of E. coli asparaginase by 2,3-butanedione studied with ʟ-asparagine and diazooxonorvaline as substrates obeys pseudo first order kinetics. Activity losses are linear with respect to arginine and histidine modification, with complete inactivation being correlated with alteration of one arginine and one histidine per subunit. The rate of inactivation of the enzym was reduced in the presence of competitive inhibitors like ʟ-2-amino-2-carboxyethane-sulfonamide. Un der comparable conditions 1,2-cyclo hexanedione does not affect the activity of ʟ-asparaginase.
Der Gehalt an Gallus-und Protocatechusäure in Abhängigkeit vom Entwicklungszustand von Phycomyces blakesleeanus Bgff. / Gallic and Protocatechuic Acid Content during the Development of Phycomyces bla­kesleeanus Bgff.
Authors: Sandmann Gerhard , Hilgenberg Willy 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A quantitative determination method of gallic and protocatechuic acid in cultures and liquid nutrient of Phycomyces blakesleeanus was described. Both phenolic acids were separated by TLC and the colour reaction with Folin reagent was used for a colorimetric test. This procedure was employed for investigating the formation of gallic and protocatechuic acid in cultures with optimal (10-4 m) and reduced (1.3 × 10-6 ᴍ) zinc supply showing that their production is stimulated by zinc ions.
In addition, the inhibiting effect of light on the accumulation of gallic acid was manifested, however, its excretion into the medium was uneffected by light and protocatechuic acid was not excreted at all. During the development of Phycomyces gallic and protocatechuic acid could be detected in two days old mycelium . With the sporangiophore production both acids are accumulated more rapidly in the sporangiophores. After the end of sporangiophore formation the gallic acid content increases only slightly. In contrast the total content of protocatechuic acid decreases sharply. As no excretion occurs a degradation of at least protocatechuic acid must be taken into consideration.
On the DNA Content of the Bacteroids of Rhizobium japonicum
Authors: Wilcockson John , Werner Dietrich 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The DNA content of bacteroids from large nodules of soybean plants infected with Rhizobium japonicum strain 61 -A -101 was found to be 1.20 × 10-14 g per cell. Bacteroids from smaller nodules had slightly less DNA as did the stationary phase, free-living cells; both giving a value of 0.92 × 10-14 g per cell. In comparing these data with those of other workers it was found that there is little evidence to support suggestions that bacteroids possess anything less than a full genetic complement of DNA and that some misinterpretation of older published data has occurred.
T2 Phage Sensitization by Linear and Angular Furocoumarins
Authors: Baccichetti F. , Bordin F. , Carlassare F. , Guiotto A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
T2 bacteriophage sensitization has been studied using two furocoumarins capable of linking co­valently to DNA to the same extent but producing different damages, psoralen and 4,5′-dimethylangelicin. Psoralen is a well-known linear furocoumarin capable of inducing in DNA both mono-adducts and cross-links; 4,5′-dimethylangelicin is a new angular compound known as a pure mo­nofunctional reagent. In the sensitization of T2 mature virions both drugs proved very active, yielding survival curves practically superimposable; on the contrary, in the experiments with the T2 veg­etative form, i. e. its DNA inside the host, 4,5′-dimethylangelicin resulted much less effective, resembling the picture observed in the inactivation of the host bacteria. This result did not appear related to an enhancement of DNA repair by a Weigle effect. The different killing activity of 4,5′-dimethylangelicin can be explained supposing that this drug is capable of inducing cross-links in T2 DNA inside the virus core, in which it exists in a very folded form, but not in the same DNA after injection into the host bacteria.
The Effect of Analogues of Dibromothymoquinone and of Bromonitrothymol on Photosynthetic Electron Flow
Authors: Trebst A. , Reimer S. , Draber W. , Knops H. J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Alkyl substituted derivatives of halogenated p-benzoquinones, of halogenated p-nitrophenols, and of 2,4-dinitrophenols were tested in the inhibition of photosynthetic electron flow in chloroplasts. The effect of the compounds on photoreductions by photosystem I or II, on a TMPD bypass in NADPH formation and the reversibility of the inhibition by dithiothreitol is used to distinguish between an inhibition site before or after plastoquinone function, i. e. between a DBMIB versus a DCMU inhibition pattern.
It is shown, that different isopropyl and t-butyl substituted halogenated p-benzoquinones are as effective and specific as DBMIB in the inhibition of plastoquinone function.
Alkyl substituted p-nitrophenols, with an additional halogen-or nitro-group at C-2, are shown to be effective electron flow inhibitors. The new potent nitrophenol derivatives inhibit at the site of DCMU action, nevertheless they do not contain the basic chemical element essential for inhibition common to DCMU and its many herbicidal analogues. Small changes in the ring-substitution can alter the inhibition pattern from a DCMU typ to a DBMIB typ inhibition.
Isolation and Characterization of Vacuoles from Cell Suspension Cultures of Daucus carota
Authors: Sasse Florenz , Backs-Hüsemann Dietlinde , Barz Wolfgang 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A reliable procedure for the isolation of vacuoles from anthocyanin-containing cells of Daucus carota cell suspension cultures has been developed. From cells of the late linear growth phase, protoplasts were prepared and purified in a sucrose/sorbitol gradient. Vacuoles were liberated from these protoplasts by osmotic shock and purified in a Metrizamide step gradient. The vacuolecontaining fractions were analysed for their anthocyanin content as a measure for the yield of vacuoles. The purity of vacuoles was examined by assaying various marker enzymes in both protoplasts and vacuoles. The purest vacuolar fraction had 8% of the total activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (marker for cytosol), 8% of cytochrome oxidase (mitochondria) and 10% of NADPH -cytochrome c reductase (ER). 55% of the acid phosphatase activity of the protoplasts and 35% of the total malate were recovered in the vacuoles. The vacuolar pool of amino acids is quite large. Data for 15 amino acids show that 44 to 73% are being located in the vacuole.
Protoplasts from Oat Primary Leaves as Tools for Experiments on the Compartmentation in Lipid and Flavonoid Metabolism
Authors: Haas R. , Heinz E. , Popovici G. , Weissenböck G. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Mesophyll protoplasts were isolated from defined stages of developing primary leaves of Avena sativa by a simple procedure in high and reproducible yield of about 50%. Rates of photosynthesis were measured by different techniques and turned out to be lower by a factor of 2 - 5 with protoplasts as compared to parent tissues, whereas dark respiration rates were about the same. Stability of protoplasts during storage in suspension medium at room temperature was checked by various methods. In contrast to protoplast numbers and accessibility of soluble enzymes, which suggested reasonable stability, photosynthetic oxygen evolution seems to be a more sensitive criterion. This rate dropped to about 50% of its original value during storage for 3 h. The protoplasts from differ­ent developmental stages did not show significant differences with respect to these various param­eters. Mechanical rupture or chemical destruction of the plasma membrane by filipin resulted in release of chloroplasts, which according to activity profiles of soluble marker enzymes after gra­dient centrifugation were intact. Centrifugation in a vertical rotor separated mitochondria from chloroplasts. Irrespective of the developmental stage of the parent tissue each protoplast contained about 200 chloroplasts. In conjunction with chlorophyll determinations it was calculated that about 2 × 109 chloroplasts account for 1 mg of chlorophyll. Lipid mixtures from leaves, protoplasts and chloroplasts were compared. They did not contain compounds which usually indicate enzy­matic alteration due to destruction of cellular compartmentation. Flavonoid profiles obtained from mesophyll protoplasts deviate significantly from epidermal patterns and prove the occurrence of flavonoids in photosynthetically active m esophyll cells.
A Novel C-Methylated Dihydrochalcone from Pityrogramma triangularis var. viscosa
Authors: Wollenweber Eckhard , Dietz Volker H. , Smith Dale M. , Seigler David S. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Pityrogramma triangularis var. viscosa is one of the clear­ly defined varieties within the Pityrogramma triangularis complex. The flavonoid constituents of its frond exudate show a pattern characteristic for this taxon. The major component of the exudate could now be isolated. By spectroscopic methods it has been shown to be 2′,6′,4-trihydroxy,4′-m ethoxy,3′-m ethyl dihydrochalcone, a novel natural compound.
3′-O-M thylmyricetin-3-rhamnoglucosid, ein neues Flavonoid aus dem Herbstlaub von Ginkgo biloba L. / 3′-O-Methylmyricetin-3-rhamnoglucoside a New Flavonoid from the Autumnal Leaf of Ginkgo biloba L.
Authors: Geiger Hans 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Along with the 3-rutinosides of kaempferole, quercetine, and isorhamnetine has been isolated from the autumnal leaf of Ginkgo biloba L. the hitherto unknown 3′-O-methylmyricetin-3-rhamnoglucoside; its structure is prooved.
The Primary Structure of the β-Lactoglobulin of the Waterbuffalo (Bubalus arnee)
Authors: Braunitzer Gerhard , Liberatori Jone , Kolde Hans-Jürgen 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The complete amino acid sequence of the β-lactoglobuline of the waterbuffalo (Bubalus arnee) was established. The sequence of peptides obtained by cleavage with BNPS-Skatole, CNBr and trypsin were determined automatically by the help of the sequenator. Only two differences were found in the β-lactoglobulin of the waterbuffalo compared with the bovine β-lactoglobulin B.
Antiviral and antitumor activities of the lectin extracted from Aspidistra elatior
Authors: Xu Xiao-Chao , Zhang Zhong-Wei , Chen Yang-Er , Yuan Ming , Yuan Shu , Bao Jin-ku 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Lectins, a group of highly diverse proteins of non-immune origin and are ubiquitously distributed in plants, animals and fungi, have multiple significant biological functions, such as anti-fungal, anti-viral and, most notably, anti-tumor activities. A lectin was purified from the rhizomes of Aspidistra elatior Blume, named A. elatior lectin (AEL). In vitro experiments showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of AEL against the vesicular stomatitis virus, Coxsackie virus B4, and respiratory syncytial virus were all the same at about 4 μg/mL. However, AEL was ineffective against the Sindbis virus and reovirus-1. AEL also showed significant in vitro antiproliferative activity towards Bre-04, Lu-04, HepG2, and Pro-01 tumor cell lines by increasing the proportion of their sub-G1 phase. However, AEL failed to restrict the proliferation of the HeLa cell line. Western blotting indicated that AEL induced the upregulation of cell cycle-related proteins p53 and p21. The molecular basis and species-specific effectiveness of the anti-proliferative and anti-viral potential of AEL are discussed.
Combined Autodock and comparative molecular field analysis study on predicting 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of flavonoids isolated from Spatholobus suberectus Dunn
Authors: Jiang Shiyun , Huang Kai , Liu Wen , Fu Fengming , Xu Jie 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) plays a key role in the pathway of leukotriene biosynthesis. To predict the inhibitory activity of flavonoid inhibitors against 5-LOX from Spatholobus suberectus Dunn, Autodock 4.2 and comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) were employed. For the positive inhibitors (n=7), the value of the coefficient of determination (R
2) between the binding free energy, calculated using Autodock 4.2, and the experimental pIC50 is 0.838. In the training set (n=21) of inhibitors against 5-LOX, the R
2 of non-cross-validated partial least squares analysis between the actual and predicted pIC50 values, using the no-validation with the optimum number of components set to 6, is 0.997 (p=0.000). For the model generated by CoMFA, the contribution of electrostatic and steric factors are 0.522 and 0.478, respectively. Among the flavonoids of S. suberectus, liquiritigenin, catechin, butin, 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavone, plathymenin, and gallocatechin are the more potent inhibitors of 5-LOX based on the calculated binding free energy and the predicted pIC50 value.
Accuracy of Predicted Genomic Breeding Values in Purebred and Crossbred Pigs
Authors: Hidalgo André M , Bastiaansen John W M , Lopes Marcos S , Harlizius Barbara , Groenen Martien A M , de Koning Dirk-Jan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Genomic selection has been widely implemented in dairy cattle breeding when the aim is to improve performance of purebred animals. In pigs, however, the final product is a crossbred animal. This may affect the efficiency of methods that are currently implemented for dairy cattle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of predicted breeding values in crossbred pigs using purebred genomic and phenotypic data. A second objective was to compare the predictive ability of SNPs when training is done in either single or multiple populations for four traits: age at first insemination (AFI); total number of piglets born (TNB); litter birth weight (LBW); and litter variation (LVR). We performed marker-based and pedigree-based predictions. Within-population predictions for the four traits ranged from 0.21 to 0.72. Multi-population prediction yielded accuracies ranging from 0.18 to 0.67. Predictions across purebred populations as well as predicting genetic merit of crossbreds from their purebred parental lines for AFI performed poorly (not significantly different from zero). In contrast, accuracies of across-population predictions and accuracies of purebred to crossbred predictions for LBW and LVR ranged from 0.08 to 0.31 and 0.11 to 0.31, respectively. Accuracy for TNB was zero for across-population prediction, whereas for purebred to crossbred prediction it ranged from 0.08 to 0.22. In general, marker-based outperformed pedigree-based prediction across populations and traits. However, in some cases pedigree-based prediction performed similarly or outperformed marker-based prediction. There was predictive ability when purebred populations were used to predict crossbred genetic merit using an additive model in the populations studied. AFI was the only exception, indicating that predictive ability depends largely on the genetic correlation between PB and CB performance, which was 0.31 for AFI. Multi-population prediction was no better than within-population prediction for the purebred validation set. Accuracy of prediction was very trait-dependent.
Dual Color Neural Activation and Behavior Control with Chrimson and CoChR in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Schild Lisa C , Glauser Dominique A 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
By enabling a tight control of cell excitation, optogenetics is a powerful approach to study the function of neurons and neural circuits. With its transparent body, a fully mapped nervous system, easily quantifiable behaviors and many available genetic tools, Caenorhabditis elegans is an extremely well-suited model to decipher the functioning logic of the nervous system with optogenetics. Our goal was to establish an efficient dual color optogenetic system for the independent excitation of different neurons in C. elegans. We combined two recently discovered channelrhodopsins: the red-light sensitive Chrimson from Chlamydomonas noctigama and the blue-light sensitive CoChR from Chloromonas oogama. Codon-optimized versions of Chrimson and CoChR were designed for C. elegans and expressed in different mechanosensory neurons. Freely moving animals produced robust behavioral responses to light stimuli of specific wavelengths. Since CoChR was five times more sensitive to blue light than the commonly used ChR2, we were able to use low blue light intensities producing no cross-activation of Chrimson. Thanks to these optogenetics tools, we revealed asymmetric cross-habituation effects between the gentle and harsh touch sensory motor pathways. Collectively, our results establish the Chrimson/CoChR pair as a potent tool for bimodal neural excitation in C. elegans and equip this genetic model organism for the next generation of in vivo optogenetic analyses.
Immigrant et témoin : figure de la diversité culturelle à l’ONF
Authors: Barada Nina 
Published: May 2015

RésuméLe site internet de l’ONF D’une culture à l’autre, devant documenter la diversité culturelle canadienne, est ici examiné par le biais de la figure de l’immigrant, telle que représentée dans les textes et les films du site. Il apparaît que cette figure est aussi celle du témoin, à travers la valorisation du témoignage des immigrants dans les discours et les films de la diversité culturelle. La fonction de cette mise en valeur est questionnée dans le rapport qu’elle entretient aux politiques mémorielles et multiculturelles canadiennes. Abstract This article considers the NFB website Across Cultures—a site that documents Canada’s cultural diversity—from the perspective of “the immigrant” as characterized in the website’s texts and films. Part of this characterization places “the immigrant” in the role of “the witness,” as can be seen through the emphasis placed on immigrant testimonies in the films and discourses on cultural diversity. The article questions the goal of this emphasis in relation to Canadian memory and multicultural policies.
Lectura e interculturalidad. Estudio de caso sobre la recepción literaria china en el contexto español
Authors: Sáiz-López Amelia 
Published: May 2015

La recepción literaria de la novela de Wang Anyi, La canción de la pena eterna por lectoras españolas en la etapa actual de la globalización, donde la mediación de la crítica es de menor relevancia debido al acceso directo a las obras, invita a la utilización de metodologías cualitativas del ámbito de las ciencias sociales para su análisis. A partir de la información obtenida mediante la técnica de grupos de discusión, el artículo aborda el discurso elaborado por las lectoras con categorías de la estética de la recepción y de la interpretación literarias, así como de otras aproximaciones teóricas centradas en el contacto entre culturas. El resultado prueba la pertinencia de un abordaje multidisciplinar para la comprensión de los fenómenos interculturales
Relationship of the Dental Aesthetic Index to the oral health-related quality of life
Authors: Ashari Asma , Mohamed Alizae M. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To assess the impact of malocclusion on the quality of life.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study involved 150 subjects attending the Primary Care Unit with no history of orthodontic treatment. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) with 10 occlusal characteristics were measured on study models. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed with the Malaysian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-14). The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between the malocclusion and quality of life.

Results:
Significantly weak correlations (r = .176) were found between the DAI and the OHRQoL. Females and the younger age group (12–19 years) tended to score higher on the OHIP-14 than their counterparts. For males, domain 3 (psychological discomfort; r = .462), domain 4 (physical disability; r = .312), domain 7 (handicap; r = .309), and overall score (r = .289) were weak correlates but significant to the DAI compared with females. The older age group showed a significant weak correlation in domain 3 (psychological discomfort; r = .268) and domain 7 (handicap; r = .238), whereas the younger age group showed no correlation with any domain.

Conclusions:
The DAI score does not predict the effect of malocclusion on the OHRQoL.
Clinical Ratings of Pain Sensitivity Correlate With Quantitative Measures in People With Chronic Neck Pain and Healthy Controls: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rebbeck Trudy , Moloney Niamh , Azoory Roxanne , Hübscher Markus , Waller Robert , Gibbons Rebekah , Beales Darren 
Published: May 2015

Background
Correlations between clinical and quantitative measures of pain sensitivity are poor, making it difficult for clinicians to detect people with pain sensitivity. Clinical detection of pain sensitivity is important because these people have a different prognosis and may require different treatment.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between clinical and quantitative measures of pain sensitivity across individuals with and without neck pain.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 40 participants with chronic neck pain and 40 age- and sex-matched controls. Participants underwent quantitative sensory testing of cold pain thresholds (CPTs) and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs). Clinical tests for pain sensitivity were the ice pain test and the pressure pain test. All tests were undertaken at standardized local (neck and upper trapezius muscles) and remote (wrist and tibialis anterior muscles) sites. Median and interquartile range (IQR) were calculated for neck pain and control groups, and parametric and nonparametric tests were used to compare groups. Correlation coefficients were calculated between quantitative and clinical measures.

Results
There were significant differences for clinical and quantitative measures of cold and pressure sensitivity between the neck pain and control groups (eg, CPT neck pain group: median=22.31°C, IQR=18.58°C; control group: median=5.0°C, IQR=0.74°C). Moderate-to-good correlations were found between the clinical ice pain test and CPT at all sites (.46 to .68) except at the wrist (.29 to .40). Fair correlations were found for the clinical pressure pain test and PPT (−.26 to −.45). Psychological variables contributing to quantitative measures of pain sensitivity included catastrophization, sleep quality, and female sex.

Limitations
Clinical pressure pain tests were not quantitatively standardized in this study.

Conclusions
The ice pain test may be useful as a clinical correlate of CPT at all sites except the wrist, whereas the pressure pain test is less convincing as a clinical correlate of PPT.