bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caloric functions and boundary regularity for the fractional Laplacian in Lipschitz open sets
Authors: Armstrong Gavin , Bogdan Krzysztof , Rutkowski Artur 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe give Martin representation of nonnegative functions caloric with respect to the fractional Laplacian in Lipschitz open sets. The caloric functions are defined in terms of the mean value property for the space-time isotropic $$\alpha $$
α
-stable Lévy process. To derive the representation, we first establish the existence of the parabolic Martin kernel. This involves proving new boundary regularity results for both the fractional heat equation and the fractional Poisson equation with Dirichlet exterior conditions. Specifically, we demonstrate that the ratio of the solution and the Green function is Hölder continuous up to the boundary.
Raman characterization of layer of graphene-like structures in 3d-transition metal-loaded charcoal by comparison with X-ray diffraction data
Authors: Yamagishi Takayuki , Shibutani Sakae , Suzuki Hikaru , Yamauchi Shigeru 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the formation and changes in graphitic structures in transition-metal loaded charcoal, charcoal samples synthesized from Japanese cedar wood impregnated with 3d-transition metal (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) ions were analyzed using microscopic Raman spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffractometry. The metal-loaded charcoal samples were carbonized at 650, 700, 750, 800, and 850 °C in downstream N2 gas. The Raman Gˊ-band, which shows the structural ordering of carbon atoms, was observed in the Raman spectra of Fe-, Co-, and Ni-loaded charcoal. The Gˊ-bands occurred at ≤ 2670 cm− 1 and shifted to 2700–2690 cm− 1 with increasing carbonization temperature. The Gˊ-band observed in the higher wavenumbers (2700–2690 cm− 1) range corresponded to an X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak at ∼ 26.3 ° assigned to the (002) plane of graphite-like structures. The high-wavenumber Gˊ-band also corresponded to the XRD detection of the carbide of the three metals. However, the XRD peak was not found for Co- and Ni-loaded charcoal samples exhibiting Gˊ-bands at ≤ 2670 cm− 1.
Enough is enough: how many rectal suction biopsies do you need to diagnose Hirschsprung’s disease?
Authors: Neeser Hannah Rachel , Robbiani Isabella , Rodewald Ann-Katrin , Nigbur Tobias , di Natale Anthony , Moehrlen Ueli , Tharakan Sasha Job 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Rectal suction biopsy (RSB) is the gold standard for diagnosing Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) in infants. Despite being a common procedure, no standard exists on the number of biopsy specimens and their respective level within the rectum.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of epidemiological and pathological data of patients who underwent RSB at our institution between January 2011 and May 2022. During RSB we obtain 4 specimens: at 1 cm, 3 cm and 5 cm above the dentate line, besides one specimen at the dentate line. We used a logistic regression model for statistical analysis and included control variables (e.g. underlying disease, weight at first biopsy, gestational age).

Results
A total of 92 patients underwent 115 biopsies, with an average of 3.77 specimens per session. Of the specimens taken at 1 cm above the dentate line 73.9% were conclusive, at 3 cm 75.9% and at 5 cm 79.2%. Specimens taken at the dentate line were squamous or transitional epithelia in 31.5% and therefore of no use for HD diagnostics. The specimen at 3 cm shows the highest discriminative power whether the biopsy session was diagnostic (p-value < 1%).

Conclusions
We propose that a total of three specimens, namely one at 1 cm, one at 3 cm and one at 5 cm above the dentate line, is enough to diagnose or exclude HD.
Preclinical models of cardiotoxicity from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Buehning Florian , Lerchner Tobias , Vogel Julia , Hendgen-Cotta Ulrike B. , Totzeck Matthias , Rassaf Tienush , Michel Lars 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy represents a ground-breaking paradigm in cancer treatment, harnessing the immune system to combat malignancies by targeting checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). The use of ICI therapy generates distinctive immune-related adverse events (irAEs) including cardiovascular toxicity, necessitating targeted research efforts. This comprehensive review explores preclinical models dedicated to ICI-mediated cardiovascular complications including myocarditis. Tailored preclinical models of ICI-mediated myocardial toxicities highlight the key role of CD8+ T cells, emphasizing the profound impact of immune checkpoints on maintaining cardiac integrity. Cytokines and macrophages were identified as possible driving factors in disease progression, and at the same time, initial data on possible cardiac antigens responsible are emerging. The implications of contributing factors including thoracic radiation, autoimmune disorder, and the presence of cancer itself are increasingly understood. Besides myocarditis, mouse models unveiled an accelerated progression of atherosclerosis, adding another layer for a thorough understanding of the diverse processes involving cardiovascular immune checkpoint signalling. This review aims to discuss current preclinical models of ICI cardiotoxicity and their potential for improving enhanced risk assessment and diagnostics, offering potential targets for innovative cardioprotective strategies. Lessons from ICI therapy can drive novel approaches in cardiovascular research, extending insights to areas such as myocardial infarction and heart failure.
Safety and effectivity of Kono-S anastomosis in Crohn’s patients: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Cathomas Marionna , Saad Baraa , Taha-Mehlitz Stephanie , Vankayalapati Dilip K. , Ghazal Nour El , Mourad Mohammed Majd , Ortlieb Niklas , Than Christian A. , Burri Emanuel , Glaser Christine , Heigl Andres , Neumann Katerina , Honaker Michael D. , Taha Anas , Rosenberg Robert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Kono-S anastomosis, an antimesenteric, functional, end-to-end handsewn anastomosis, was introduced in 2011. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the safety and effectivity of the Kono-S technique.

Methods
A comprehensive search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), and Cochrane Central (Ovid) from inception to August 24th, 2023, was conducted. Studies reporting outcomes of adults with Crohn’s disease undergoing ileocolic resection with subsequent Kono-S anastomosis were included. PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines were used to screen, extract and synthesize data. Primary outcomes assessed were endoscopic, surgical and clinical recurrence rates, as well as complication rates. Data were pooled using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics. ROBINS-I and ROB2 tools were used for quality assessment.

Results
12 studies involving 820 patients met the eligibility criteria. A pooled mean follow-up time of 22.8 months (95% CI: 15.8, 29.9; I2 = 99.8%) was completed in 98.3% of patients. Pooled endoscopic recurrence was reported in 24.1% of patients (95% CI: 9.4, 49.3; I2 = 93.43%), pooled surgical recurrence in 3.9% of patients (95% CI: 2.2, 6.9; I2 = 25.97%), and pooled clinical recurrence in 26.8% of patients (95% CI: 14, 45.1; I2 = 84.87%). The pooled complication rate was 33.7%. The most common complications were infection (11.5%) and ileus (10.9%). Pooled anastomosis leakage rate was 2.9%.

Conclusions
Despite limited and heterogenous data, patients undergoing Kono-S anastomosis had low rates of surgical recurrence and anastomotic leakage with moderate rates of endoscopic recurrence, clinical recurrence and complications rate.
The misunderstanding of the R Classification—a survey amongst medical specialties treating breast cancer
Authors: Sunitsch Sandra , Fischer Philipp , Pregartner Gudrun , Regitnig Peter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFrequent discussions in the tumour board about the Residual tumour (R) Classification of the UICC’s “TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours”, especially in the case of breast surgery specimens, raised the question about differing interpretations amongst different medical specialties. Thus, we designed a survey about the R Classification with a special focus on breast cancer specimens. An online survey was conducted, where a web link to the survey was distributed via email to various medical professional societies dealing with breast cancer in Austria and Germany with the request to distribute the link to their members. The study population consisted of physicians of all educational levels of different medical professions, who deal with breast carcinomas in their daily routine. Two hundred two participants, of which 160 (79.2%) have more than 10 years’ professional experience, took part in the survey; 88 (43.6%) were surgeons/gynaecologists, 80 (39.6%) pathologists, 19 (9.4%) radiation oncologists/ therapists, 8 (4.0%) radiologists, and 7 (3.5%) oncologists. We show that the R Classification is not completely mastered by anyone and that there are significant differences in the interpretation of the R Classification between different medical specialties. For better differentiation between the residual tumour (R Classification) of the TNM and a pure resection margin assessment, we suggest the use of a Resection margin (Rm) Classification to avoid further misunderstandings. To assist better multidisciplinary cooperation and to ensure better patient care all medical disciplines should be educated about the actual meaning and correct application of the R Classification.
Classification of subtask types and skill levels in robot-assisted surgery using EEG, eye-tracking, and machine learning
Authors: Shafiei Somayeh B. , Shadpour Saeed , Mohler James L. , Kauffman Eric C. , Holden Matthew , Gutierrez Camille 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Objective and standardized evaluation of surgical skills in robot-assisted surgery (RAS) holds critical importance for both surgical education and patient safety. This study introduces machine learning (ML) techniques using features derived from electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking data to identify surgical subtasks and classify skill levels.

Method
The efficacy of this approach was assessed using a comprehensive dataset encompassing nine distinct classes, each representing a unique combination of three surgical subtasks executed by surgeons while performing operations on pigs. Four ML models, logistic regression, random forest, gradient boosting, and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) were used for multi-class classification. To develop the models, 20% of data samples were randomly allocated to a test set, with the remaining 80% used for training and validation. Hyperparameters were optimized through grid search, using fivefold stratified cross-validation repeated five times. Model reliability was ensured by performing train-test split over 30 iterations, with average measurements reported.

Results
The findings revealed that the proposed approach outperformed existing methods for classifying RAS subtasks and skills; the XGB and random forest models yielded high accuracy rates (88.49% and 88.56%, respectively) that were not significantly different (two-sample t-test; P-value = 0.9).

Conclusion
These results underscore the potential of ML models to augment the objectivity and precision of RAS subtask and skill evaluation. Future research should consider exploring ways to optimize these models, particularly focusing on the classes identified as challenging in this study. Ultimately, this study marks a significant step towards a more refined, objective, and standardized approach to RAS training and competency assessment.
Energiewende-Forschung am Institut für Computertechnik – von Erkenntnissen aus der Pionierphase zu den heutigen Herausforderungen
Authors: Kupzog Friederich 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Energiemarktliberalisierung hatte in Österreich gerade die Bereitstellung des Stromnetzes von der Stromerzeugung getrennt, als Wissenschaftler:innen am Institut für Computertechnik der TU Wien verschiedene Möglichkeiten ausloteten, die Energieversorgung durch Selbstorganisation und Koordination effizienter zu gestalten. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Erkenntnissen aus der Pionierphase der Smart Grids-Forschung an der TU Wien und zeigt, welche Rolle diese Themen für die heutigen Herausforderungen der Energiewende einnehmen.
Reversible SOCs als Bindeglied zwischen Strom-, Wärme- und Gasnetz und Plus Energie-Quartieren
Authors: Jankowski Dominik , Seidl Anton , Pratter Robert , Ganglbauer Johanna , Bernsteiner Christof , Hochenauer Christoph , Subotić Vanja 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungZur Reduktion der CO2-Emissionen im Gebäudeenergiesektor sind alternative Energieerzeugungs- und Energiespeicherkonzepte notwendig. Technologien, die quartiersbezogen zentral sommerliche Überschussenergie aus Erneuerbaren Energien speichern und in weniger ertragreichen Monaten wieder in Strom und Wärme zurückwandeln, sind als Eigenschaften beispielsweise den Elektrolyse- bzw. Brennstoff-Zellensystemen zuzuordnen. Im Projekt Cell4Life wird ein solches System, bestehend aus einer reversibel arbeitenden Festoxidzelle (rSOC) theoretisch und im Labormaßstab im Kontext eines Plus Energie-Quartiers (PEQ) auf dessen funktionale Integrität hin untersucht. Ein Projektziel ist dabei die Optimierung der dynamischen Betriebsweise, für die es zum einen statischer Optimierungsversuche am Prüfstand und zum anderen Gesamtsystemsimulationen bedarf. In dieser Veröffentlichung wird vorgestellt, welche Betriebsweisen statisch optimiert und welche Systemkonzepte innerhalb einer Simulation untersucht werden. Für ein städtisches PEQ hat sich ein rSOC-System, das die Dampfelektrolyse im SOEC-Modus nutzt und im SOFC-Modus mit Wasserstoff und Methan betrieben wird, als am sinnvollsten erwiesen. Darüber hinaus werden reale Betriebsweisen aufbauend auf Wasserstoffbeimischungen in das örtliche Gasnetz in experimentellen Versuchen betrachtet. Basierend auf theoretischen Bedarfsdaten aus dem „PEQ21“ in Wien werden drei Optimierungsszenarien definiert, die neben dem Langzeit- auch den Kurzzeitbetrieb der rSOC-Anlage betrachten.
Psychosoziale Notfallversorgung nach Suizid und Tötung
Authors: Finkeldei Simon , Kern Tita , Rinne-Wolf Susanna 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Suizide, Suizidversuche, Tötungen und Tötungsversuche sind Indikationen für den Einsatz von Fachkräften der psychosozialen Notfallversorgung (PSNV). Von diesen Ereignissen sind oft auch Kinder und Jugendliche als Angehörige betroffen und fallen somit in den Betreuungsbereich der PSNV.

Material und Methoden
Ziel der hier vorgestellten Querschnittsstudie ist es, die Erfahrungen der Einsatzkräfte der PSNV in Einsätzen mit Kindern/Jugendlichen bei den Indexereignissen Suizid, Suizidversuch, Tötung und Tötungsversuch zu erheben, Belastungen aufseiten der Fachkräfte zu erkennen und eventuelle Bedarfe daraus abzuleiten. In einer Online-Befragung wurden Antworten von 506 Einsatzkräften der PSNV aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum erhoben. Diese Daten wurden sowohl deskriptiv als auch inferenzstatistisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Die Mehrheit der Einsatzkräfte hat Erfahrung mit den Einsatzindikationen Suizid, Suizidversuch, Tötung und Tötungsversuch. Einsätze mit diesen Indikationen werden als besonders belastend empfunden. Kinder gehören häufig zu den Betroffenen. Die empfundene Belastung der Einsatzkräfte steht im signifikanten Zusammenhang mit dem Wunsch nach mehr eigenen Kompetenzen im Bereich der Betreuung von Kindern/Jugendlichen nach diesen Indikationen. Mehr als 80 % der Befragten erachten die Einführung einer zentralen Notfallrufnummer für diese Indikationen sowohl für Familien als auch für Fachkräfte für sinnvoll.

Schlussfolgerungen
Fachkräfte der PSNV wünschen sich den Erwerb weiterer Kompetenzen im Bereich der psychosozialen Akuthilfe für Kinder und Jugendliche nach Suizid, Suizidversuch, Tötung und Tötungsversuch. Aus‑, Fort- und Weiterbildungsangebote können neben Fachkräften auch Betreuten zugutekommen. Es besteht ein Bedarf für unmittelbar erreichbare spezifische Unterstützung in Form einer Rückfallebene für Fachkräfte.
Influence of environmental settings, including vegetation, on speciation of the redox-sensitive elements in the sediments of monomictic Lake Kinneret
Authors: Kamyshny Alexey , Klein Rotem , Eckert Werner , Avetisyan Khoren 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The redox conditions in the littoral limnic sediments may be affected by the penetration of plant roots which provide channels for oxygen transport into the sediment while decomposition of the dead roots results in consumption of oxygen. The goal of this work was to study the impact of environmental parameters including penetration of roots of Cyperus articulatus L. into the sediments on cycling of the redox-sensitive elements in Lake Kinneret. We measured roots content, porosity, and chemical parameters including pH, sulfur, iron and manganese speciation in the sediments from the shore, littoral and sublittoral zones with and without vegetation. Our results show that at ≥ 12 m water depth, the upper 10 cm of the sediments are affected by the active sulfur cycling with concentrations of hydrogen sulfide > 70 μM near the sediment–water interface. Speciation of sulfur, iron, and manganese in the upper 10 cm of littoral sediments, which are covered by < 20 cm of water, are affected by their permeability and, to a lesser extent, by roots penetration. In the case when sediments are not covered by water, oxygen penetration to the sediments by desiccation is an additional important control of the redox zonation in the surface sediments. In the shore sediments, despite relatively high concentrations of sulfate in the pore-waters, sulfur cycling may be described as “cryptic” as expressed by very low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in the pore-waters. This is most likely a result of its fast reoxidation by the abundant highly reactive Fe(III) and Mn(IV) phases.
The relationship between serum transglutaminase-2 levels and the severity of chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Zeyada Omneya M. , Ashour Zeinab A. , Lotfy Omar A. , Mahmoud Mayada M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is an immunological disease that is depicted by high prevalence and eminent burden for patients and society that is attributable to the arbitrary nature of symptoms and inconsistent tools for assessment of activity and severity. Transglutaminase-2 (TG2) is a posttranslational enzyme that is pervasively expressed in many cells and tissue types including mast cells. It has various biological functions, and its role in allergic disorders has been highlighted and delineated through several postulated mechanisms. This case–control study aimed at determining the relationship between serum levels TG2 and severity of CSU. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Egypt to determine the relationship between serum TG2 and severity of CSU. We enrolled 60 adult patients with confirmed diagnosis of CSU. According to urticaria activity score (UAS), patients were categorized into three groups [20 with mild disease; UAS = 0, 20 with moderate disease; UAS = 1–3, 20 with severe disease; UAS = 4–6]. Another 20 healthy individuals (age and gender matched) served as a control group. All patients were subjected to detailed medical history, clinical examination, complete blood count with differential, serum total IgE, CRP, ESR, TSH, ANA, liver and renal function tests. Serum level of TG2 was done by quantitative ELISA for all enrolled patients and controls. Serum TG2 is significantly higher in patients group compared to control group (P value < 0.001). Serum TG2 levels were significantly higher in patients with severe disease compared to patients with moderate or mild disease. This is illustrated by the significant positive correlation between serum TG2 and UAS (r 0.814 and P value 0.000). Moreover, serum TG2 accurately classified CSU patients into mild, moderate and severe subgroups: as regards differentiation between mild and moderate cases (sensitivity 70%, specificity 80%, PPV 77.8, NPV 72.7) and as for the differentiation between moderate and severe cases (sensitivity 95%, specificity 90%, PPV 90.5, NPV 94.7). Serum TG2 may have a pivotal role as a marker of severity in patients with CSU.
Which social–ecological factors play a role in older adults’ participation in a blended physical activity intervention? Results of a multi-layered feedback analysis
Authors: Peters Manuela , Ratz Tiara , Muellmann Saskia , Voelcker-Rehage Claudia , Lippke Sonia , Pischke Claudia R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aim
This study aimed to evaluate factors affecting older adults’ participation in a blended physical activity (PA) intervention, which comprised tailored home-based exercises and supervised on-site group sessions with peers. Specifically, the objective was to explore participants’ feedback for identifying specific requirements regarding intervention components and materials.

Subject and methods
In a 9-month randomized trial with a cross-over design targeting adults aged 60 and above, web- and print-based materials to promote PA were enhanced based on results of a preceding trial, and tested in n = 242 participants. Use of these adapted program components, attendance of group sessions, and acceptance of the intervention were assessed via self-administered paper-based questionnaires 3 and 9 months after baseline, as well as in interviews and group sessions. Participant feedback was analyzed via qualitative content analysis of open-ended questions, group interviews, and protocols. The social–ecological model served as a coding framework.

Results
Feedback covering six different levels of requirements according to the social–ecological model was analyzed. The content of the program, including the option to track perceived progress in PA, health, and fitness, as well as the group-based components, providing opportunities for social support, and training with the peer group, were appreciated by participants. Criticism and suggestions for improvement were provided with regard to instructors of the group sessions, the group atmosphere, space requirements, program scheduling, and communication.

Conclusions
Based on various sources of participant feedback, several requirements and recommendations regarding future characteristics of PA interventions targeting older adults in community settings can be provided.