bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Size and Stopover Duration Estimation Using Mark–Resight Data and Bayesian Analysis of a Superpopulation Model
Authors: Lyons James E. , Kendall William L. , Royle J. Andrew , Converse Sarah J. , Andres Brad A. , Buchanan Joseph B. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryWe present a novel formulation of a mark–recapture–resight model that allows estimation of population size, stopover duration, and arrival and departure schedules at migration areas. Estimation is based on encounter histories of uniquely marked individuals and relative counts of marked and unmarked animals. We use a Bayesian analysis of a state–space formulation of the Jolly–Seber mark–recapture model, integrated with a binomial model for counts of unmarked animals, to derive estimates of population size and arrival and departure probabilities. We also provide a novel estimator for stopover duration that is derived from the latent state variable representing the interim between arrival and departure in the state–space model. We conduct a simulation study of field sampling protocols to understand the impact of superpopulation size, proportion marked, and number of animals sampled on bias and precision of estimates. Simulation results indicate that relative bias of estimates of the proportion of the population with marks was low for all sampling scenarios and never exceeded 2%. Our approach does not require enumeration of all unmarked animals detected or direct knowledge of the number of marked animals in the population at the time of the study. This provides flexibility and potential application in a variety of sampling situations (e.g., migratory birds, breeding seabirds, sea turtles, fish, pinnipeds, etc.). Application of the methods is demonstrated with data from a study of migratory sandpipers.
Teacher motivations for digital and media literacy: An examination of Turkish educators
Authors: Hobbs Renee , Tuzel Sait 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEducators have a variety of beliefs and attitudes about the best ways to support students' critical thinking, creativity, communication and collaboration skills by connecting the classroom to contemporary society, mass media and popular culture. Teachers who advance digital and media literacy may have a complex set of attitudes and habits of mind that influence their motivations to use digital media for learning. We conducted a survey research with a sample of 2820 Turkish educators to examine teachers' motivations for digital learning, using a 48‐item Likert scale instrument that assesses teachers' perception of the value and relevance of six conceptual themes, namely: attitudes toward technology tools, genres and formats; message content and quality; community connectedness; texts and audiences; media systems; and learner‐centered focus. Digital learning motivation profiles reveal distinctive identity positions of social science, language arts and information and communication technology (ICT) teachers in Turkey. The most common profiles include the identity positions of “Techie,” “Demystifier” and “Tastemaker.” Statistically significant associations were found between teachers' subject‐area specialization and their digital learning motivation profiles. Professional development programs should assess teachers' digital learning motivation profiles and build learning experiences that expand upon the strengths of teachers' beliefs and the conceptual themes of most importance to them.A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKVjJfL64ek
The co‐dependent relationship of technology and communities
Authors: Surry Daniel W. , Baker Fredrick W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTechnology is one the defining features of humanity. It is ubiquitous in modern society and plays an important role in nearly everything that humans do. New technologies frequently spur our imagination, can evoke powerful emotions and often serve as the topic of heated debate. Many people are in awe of the power and potential of new technologies while others fear its increasing importance in human life. New technologies can create new employment opportunities, spawn new businesses and even revitalize entire economies. Conversely, they can cause unemployment, destroy long‐standing organizations and lead to global economic upheaval. While technology undoubtedly impacts people and societies in profound ways, people and societies also impact the development and use of technologies. The intelligence, dedication and support of numerous people, businesses and social groups are needed to develop even relatively simple technologies. Once developed, new technologies rely on a myriad of economic, social, human and political forces for their continued use and expansion. The field of learning technologies serves as an important and interesting case in which to explore the complex relationship between technology and society. In this paper, we will provide an overview of some of the most important philosophical and theoretical views of the relationship between technology and social systems, describe key issues related to the topic that are important for Learning Technologists to consider, and provide a series of recommendations for research and practice.
Review: Effectiveness of mindfulness in improving mental health symptoms of children and adolescents: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Kallapiran Kannan , Koo Siew , Kirubakaran Richard , Hancock Karen 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundMindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) are increasingly used in the management of various mental health disorders in children and adolescents. However, there is limited evidence about the efficacy of various interventions used.MethodA systematic review was performed to examine the effects of different MBIs on mental health symptoms and quality of life in both clinical and nonclinical samples of children and adolescents using data from only randomized control trials. The studies were also assessed for quality. Based on the type of MBI, study population, and control arm we had three comparisons for meta‐analyses.ResultsFifteen studies were included in the qualitative analysis but only 11 trials with comparable interventions and controls were included for meta‐analyses. Mindfulness‐based stress reduction/mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy arm was more effective than nonactive control in the nonclinical populations. Acceptance commitment therapy was comparable to active treatments in patients in the clinical range. Other MBIs were also effective improving anxiety and stress but not depression in nonclinical populations compared to nonactive control.ConclusionsMindfulness‐based interventions can be effective in children and adolescents with mental health symptoms. As there were significant limitations these results must be interpreted with caution.
Moderators of intensive cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescent panic disorder: the roles of fear and avoidance
Authors: Elkins R. Meredith , Gallo Kaitlin P. , Pincus Donna B. , Comer Jonathan S. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundResearch supports the efficacy of intensive cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of adolescent panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (PDA). However, little is known about the conditions under which intensive treatment is most effective. The current investigation examined the moderating roles of baseline fear and avoidance in the intensive treatment of adolescent PDA.MethodsAdolescents with PDA (ages 11–17; N = 54) were randomized to either an intensive CBT treatment (n = 37) or a waitlist control condition (n = 17). PDA diagnosis, symptom severity, and number of feared and avoided situations were assessed at baseline and 6‐week posttreatment/postwaitlist. Hierarchical regression analyses examined the relative contributions of treatment condition, number of baseline feared or avoided situations, and their interactions in the prediction of posttreatment/waitlist PDA symptoms.ResultsThe main effect of intensive CBT on posttreatment PDA symptoms was not uniform across participants, with larger treatment effects found among participants with lower, relative to higher, baseline levels of fear and avoidance.ConclusionsFindings help clarify which adolescents suffering with PDA may benefit most from an intensive treatment format.
Classification of cysts with follicular germinative differentiation
Authors: López‐Takegami Juan C. H. , Wolter Manfred , Löser Christoph , Maiweg Corinna , Jones Meriem , Metze Dieter , Böer‐Auer Almut 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundCysts are very common in the routine of dermatopathology but follicular germinative (trichoblastic) differentiation in cysts is seen rarely. The presence of follicular germinative differentiation in a cyst alerts to consider the possibility of a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) arising in a cyst.MethodsFive cystic lesions with zones of follicular germinative differentiation were collected. Hematoxylin and eosin sections were reassessed for architecture, types of follicular differentiation and stromal characteristics; immunohistochemical studies with Ber‐EP4 were analyzed. Articles about follicular germinative differentiation in cystic lesions were reviewed.ResultsCystic lesions with follicular germinative differentiation have been described in the literature under various names including trichoblastic infundibular cyst, cystic trichoblastoma, cystic panfolliculoma (CPF), dermoid cyst with basaloid proliferations, folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma and BCC occurring in infundibular cysts. The lesions presented by us could be classified as three cystic trichoblastomas, one CPF and one cystic hamartoma with follicular germinative differentiation.ConclusionsHistopathologically, cystic trichoblastomas can be separated from CPFs. Some lesions defy classification and may be regarded as cystic follicular hamartomas. The presence of follicular papillae and bulb‐like structures, advanced follicular differentiation like that of inner and outer root sheath exclude the differential diagnosis of BCC arising in a cyst.
Corrigendum to Streicker et al. (2013) Differential sources of host species heterogeneity influence the transmission and control of multi‐host parasites
Authors: Streicker Daniel G. , Fenton Andy , Pedersen Amy B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn a recent article, we described a conceptual and analytical model to identify the key host species for parasite transmission in multi‐host communities and used data from 11 gastro‐intestinal parasites infecting up to five small mammal host species as an illustrative example of how the framework could be applied. A limitation of these empirical data was uncertainty in the identification of parasite species using egg/oocyst morphology, which could overestimate parasite sharing between host species. Here, we show that the key results of the original analysis, namely that (1) parasites naturally infect multiple host species, but typically rely on a small subset of infected host species for long‐term maintenance, (2) that different mechanisms underlie how particular host species dominate transmission and (3) that these different mechanisms influence the predicted efficiency of disease control measures, are robust to analysis of a smaller subset of host–parasite combinations that we have greatest confidence in identifying. We further comment briefly on the need for accurate parasite identification, ideally using molecular techniques to quantify cross‐species transmission and differentiate covert host specificity from true host generalism.
Accuracy of arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) perfusion in detecting the epileptogenic zone in patients with drug‐resistant neocortical epilepsy: comparison with electrophysiological data, structural MRI, SISCOM and FDG‐PET
Authors: Sierra‐Marcos A. , Carreño M. , Setoain X. , López‐Rueda A. , Aparicio J. , Donaire A. , Bargalló N. 
Published: September 2015

Background and purposeLocating the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in patients with neocortical epilepsy presents major challenges. Our aim was to assess the accuracy of arterial spin labeling (ASL), an emerging non‐invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) perfusion technique, to locate the EZ in patients with drug‐resistant neocortical epilepsy.MethodsTwenty‐five consecutive patients with neocortical epilepsy referred to our epilepsy unit for pre‐surgical evaluation underwent a standardized assessment including video‐electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring, structural MRI, subtraction ictal single‐photon emission computed tomography co‐registered to MRI (SISCOM) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) studies. An ASL sequence was included in the MRI studies. Areas of hypoperfusion or hyperperfusion on ASL were classified into 15 anatomic‐functional cortical regions; these regional cerebral blood flow maps were compared with the EZ determined by the other tests and the strength of concordance was assessed with the kappa coefficient.ResultsOf the 25 patients [16 (64%) women; mean age 32.4 (±13.8) years], 18 (72%) had lesions on structural MRI. ASL abnormalities were seen in 15 (60%) patients (nine hypoperfusion, six hyperperfusion). ASL had a very good concordance with FDG‐PET (k = 0.84), a good concordance with structural MRI (k = 0.76), a moderate concordance with video‐EEG monitoring (k = 0.53) and a fair concordance with SISCOM (k = 0.28).ConclusionArterial spin labeling might help to confirm the location and extent of the EZ in the pre‐surgical workup of patients with drug‐resistant neocortical epilepsy.
Obtaining genetic testing in pediatric epilepsy
Authors: Ream Margie A. , Patel Anup D. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe steps from patient evaluation to genetic diagnosis remain complicated. We discuss some of the genetic testing methods available along with their general advantages and disadvantages. We briefly review common pediatric epilepsy syndromes with strong genetic association and provide a potentially useful algorithm for genetic testing in drug‐resistant epilepsy. We performed an extensive literature review of available information as it pertains to genetic testing and genetics in pediatric epilepsy. If a genetic disorder is suspected as the cause of epilepsy, based on drug resistance, family history, or clinical phenotype, timely diagnosis may reduce overall cost, limit the diagnostic odyssey that can bring much anxiety to families, improve prognostic accuracy, and lead to targeted therapy. Interpretation of complicated results should be performed only in collaboration with geneticists and genetic counselors, unless the ordering neurologist has a strong background in and understanding of genetics. Genetic testing can play an important role in the care provided to patients with epilepsy.
Surgical repair of a mandibular degloving injury in a 5‐month‐old colt
Authors: Prange T. , Partlow J. L. , Parks J. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryA 5‐month‐old colt sustained a mandibular degloving injury and penetrating cheek wound after catching his cheek on a metal hook. Avulsion of the lower left lip and cheek exposed parts of the underlying labial surface, interalveolar margin and body of the mandible. The injury prevented the colt from closing his mouth completely and food accumulated between the degloved mandible and avulsed soft tissues. Surgical repair included 7 stented, transmandibular mattress sutures placed over the length of the interalveolar margin, closing the dead space and repositioning the avulsed soft tissues. The horse recovered without complications and functional as well as cosmetic outcome were excellent.
A perspective on the importance of oceanic fronts in promoting aggregation of visitors to seamounts
Authors: Morato Telmo , Miller Peter I , Dunn Daniel C , Nicol Simon J , Bowcott James , Halpin Patrick N 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRecent evidence has demonstrated that not all seamounts are areas where productivity, biomass and biodiversity of marine life thrive. Therefore, understanding the drivers and mechanisms underlying seamount productivity is a major challenge in today's seamount research. Incorporating oceanographic data in future analyses has been suggested to be of paramount importance to unveil many of the seamount ecology paradigms. Persistent hydrographic features, such as oceanic fronts, have been recognized to enhance biological activity and to drive marine animal distributions and migration patterns. However, the importance of oceanic fronts in driving aggregations of visiting animals on seamounts has not been understood yet. Here, we analysed a data set of seamounts in the Pacific Ocean alongside satellite‐derived maps of strong, persistent and frequently occurring oceanographic features, to evaluate if oceanic fronts promote aggregation of visitors on seamounts. Our analyses suggest that seamounts with a higher front frequency were more likely to aggregate tuna catch than average seamounts. However, it appears that fronts may be driving factors for aggregation only if present above a certain threshold. These results highlight the importance of environmental conditions in general, and oceanic fronts in particular, in promoting seamount productivity. We therefore argue that a thorough examination of the oceanographic conditions promoting seamount productivity at various temporal and spatial scales is warranted in future seamount research agendas.
Drivers of density for the exploited giant clam Tridacna maxima: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Van Wynsberge Simon , Andréfouët Serge , Gaertner‐Mazouni Nabila , Wabnitz Colette C C , Gilbert Antoine , Remoissenet Georges , Payri Claude , Fauvelot Cécile 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGiant clam populations have been over‐exploited throughout their range over the past decades for their meat and shells. Tridacna maxima, commonly known as the ‘small giant clam’, has remained relatively untargeted by fishers in areas where larger species occur (e.g. Tridacna squamosa), and high densities of the species are still observed on some isolated and enclosed reefs of the Central Pacific. However, it is unclear whether reported discrepancies in densities worldwide reflect differences in fishing pressure only or a combination of differences in exploitation levels and environmental forcing. We reviewed T. maxima surveys throughout its range to (i) identify patterns of density at global scale, site scale (e.g. island) and intrasite scale; (ii) discuss the influence of sampling method on density estimates; and (iii) identify the primary drivers of giant clam density along gradients of human pressure and natural forcing. We found 59 studies that reported density estimates for 172 sites across 26 countries in the Indo‐Pacific and Red Sea. At intrasite scale, densities were strongly dependent on sampling protocols and surveyed habitats. At site scale, we found close links between T. maxima density and human population per reef area, suggesting that isolated reefs where exploitation only recently started may be more vulnerable to stock collapse in the future. Density patterns were also found to vary significantly depending on reef type (e.g. atoll, island, continental coastline). We discuss how natural processes and fishing pressure may control population dynamics and densities among sites, and make recommendations for future research.
Trash, Charity, and Secondhand Stores: An Empirical Analysis of Clothing Disposition
Authors: Norum Pamela S. 
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and reasons for disposal using trash, charity, and (nonprofit) secondhand stores as clothing disposal methods. An online survey was used to collect data for the study in July 2012 from a panel of U.S. consumers (N = 423). Logistic regression equations were estimated. The results indicated that respondents who were aged 55 and over, were employed, and had higher income levels were more likely to donate to charity. Use of trash as a disposal method was associated with consumers aged 55 and over, as was the dislike of, and need to replace, a garment. Consumers aged 18 to 34 were more likely to donate to secondhand stores than consumers aged 55 and over. The desire to donate was positively associated with giving to both charity and secondhand stores. The results have implications for consumer education and secondhand clothing markets as well as the impact on landfills.
Analysis of Child Food Requests and Maternal Compliance in Low‐income Hispanic and Non‐Hispanic Families
Authors: Haroldson Amber , Cordell Zachary , Haldeman Lauren 
Published: September 2015

This study examined child food requests, maternal compliance to those requests, and how these differed between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic participants. Low‐income mother–child dyads (N = 149) completed an in‐home structured interview, and height and weight were measured. The average number of requests per child by food group from most to least was as follows: grains, combination, sweets, dairy, fruits, fats, beverages, meats, and vegetables. The average rate of maternal compliance by food group from highest to lowest was as follows: vegetables, meat, fruits, combination, beverages, dairy, grains, fats, and sweets. Hispanic children requested significantly more dairy (p < .001), beverages (p < .001), and combination foods (p = .045) compared to non‐Hispanic children, but maternal compliance rates were not significantly different between groups. Utilizing child influence on dietary behaviors could be a strategy for future nutrition interventions in this population.
Plastic zone correction on a Zener–Stroh crack interacting with a circular inclusion in ductile materials
Authors: Fan M. , Yi D. K. , Xiao Z. M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractElastic–plastic stress analysis on a matrix Zener–Stroh crack interacting with a circular inclusion (fibre) in fibre‐reinforced composites has been carried out. The Zener–Stroh crack is initiated near the fibre in the pure matrix. Plastic zone correction is introduced the first time for such a crack–inclusion interaction problem so that the fracture behaviour can be analysed more accurately. To determine the plastic zone sizes, a generalized Irwin model is proposed for the mixed‐mode problem where the Von Mises stress yielding criterion is employed. Different to a Griffith crack, a Zener–Stroh crack propagation always occurs from the sharp tip whose relative position to the inclusion has great effect on the elastic–plastic fracture behaviour of the crack. In our study, the plastic zone size (PZS), crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) and effective stress intensity factor (SIF) are evaluated by solving the formulated singular integral equations. Through the numerical examples, the influence of the inclusion (fibre) shear modulus, crack–inclusion distance and the crack sharp tip position on the fracture behaviour of the crack is discussed. It is found that the shear modulus ratio and the crack–inclusion distance have great effect on the normalized values of PZS and CTOD, but the effects highly depend on the crack sharp tip position.