bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass spectrometric de novo sequencing of natural non‐tryptic peptides: comparing peculiarities of collision‐induced dissociation (CID) and high energy collision dissociation (HCD)
Authors: Samgina Tatyana Yu. , Vorontsov Egor A. , Gorshkov Vladimir A. , Artemenko Konstantin A. , Zubarev Roman A. , Lebedev Albert T. 
Published: October 2014

RATIONALEMass spectrometry has shown itself as the most efficient tool for the sequencing of peptides. However, de novo sequencing of novel natural peptides is significantly more challenging in comparison with the same procedure applied for the tryptic peptides. To reach the goal in this case it is essential to select the most useful methods of triggering fragmentation and combine complementary techniques.METHODSComparison of low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision‐induced dissociation (HCD) modes for sequencing of the natural non‐tryptic peptides with disulfide bonds and/or several proline residues in the backbone was achieved using an LTQ FT Ultra Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) equipped with a 7 T magnet and an LTQ Orbitrap Velos ETD (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) instrument. Peptide fractions were obtained by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of frog skin secretion samples from ten species of Rana temporaria, caught in the Kolomna district of Moscow region (Russia).RESULTSHCD makes the b/y series longer and more pronounced, thus increasing sequence coverage. Fragment ions due to cleavages at the C‐termini of proline residues make the sequencing more reliable and may be used to detect missed cleavages in the case of tryptic peptides. Another HCD peculiarity involves formation of pronounced inner fragment ions (secondary ynbm ion series formed from the abundant primary y‐ions). Differences in de novo sequencing of natural non‐tryptic peptides with CID and HCD, involving thorough manual expert interpretation of spectra and two automatic sequencing algorithms, are discussed.CONCLUSIONSAlthough HCD provides better results, a combination of CID and HCD data may notably increase reliability of de novo sequencing. Several pairs of b2/a2‐ions may be formed in HCD, complicating the spectra. Automatic de novo sequencing with the available programs remains less efficient than the manual one, independently of the collision energy Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A secure and efficient ECC‐based user anonymity preserving single sign‐on scheme for distributed computer networks
Authors: Odelu Vanga , Das Ashok Kumar , Goswami Adrijit 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA user authentication in the distributed computer networks (DCNs) plays a crucial rule to verify whether the user is a legal user and can therefore be granted access to the requested services to that user. In recent years, several RSA‐based single sign‐on mechanisms have been proposed in DCNs. However, most of them cannot preserve the user anonymity when possible attacks occur. The user devices are usually battery limited (e.g., cellular phones) and the elliptic‐curve cryptosystem is much efficient than RSA cryptosystem for the battery‐limited devices. In this paper, we aim to propose a new secure elliptic‐curve cryptosystem‐based single sign‐on mechanism for user authentication and key establishment for the secure communications in a DCNs using biometric‐based smart card. In our scheme, a user only needs to remember a private password and his or her selected unique identity to authenticate and agree on a high‐entropy cryptographic one‐time session key with a provider to communicate over untrusted public networks. Through formal and informal security analysis, we show that our scheme prevents other known possible attacks. In addition, we perform simulation on our scheme for the formal security verification using the widely‐accepted Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications tool. The simulation results ensure that our scheme is secure against replay and man‐in‐the‐middle attacks. Furthermore, our scheme provides high security along with lower computational cost and communication cost, and as a result, our scheme is much suitable for the battery‐limited devices as compared to other related RSA‐based schemes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning from biology: synthetic lipoproteins for drug delivery
Authors: Huang Huang , Cruz William , Chen Juan , Zheng Gang 
Published: October 2014

Synthetic lipoproteins represent a relevant tool for targeted delivery of biological/chemical agents (chemotherapeutics, siRNAs, photosensitizers, and imaging contrast agents) into various cell types. These nanoparticles offer a number of advantages for drugs delivery over their native counterparts while retaining their natural characteristics and biological functions. Their ultra‐small size (<30 nm), high biocompatibility, favorable circulation half‐life, and natural ability to bind specific lipoprotein receptors, i.e., low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and Scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SRB1) that are found in a number of pathological conditions (e.g., cancer, atherosclerosis), make them superior delivery strategies when compared with other nanoparticle systems. We review the various approaches that have been developed for the generation of synthetic lipoproteins and their respective applications in vitro and in vivo. More specifically, we summarize the approaches employed to address the limitation on use of reconstituted lipoproteins by means of natural or recombinant apolipoproteins, as well as apolipoprotein mimetic molecules. Finally, we provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches and discuss future perspectives for clinical translation of these nanoparticles. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:298–314. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1308This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Increase of methane formation by ethanol addition during continuous fermentation of biogas sludge
Authors: Refai Sarah , Wassmann Kati , van Helmont Sebastian , Berger Stefanie , Deppenmeier Uwe 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Very recently, it was shown that the addition of acetate or ethanol led to enhanced biogas formation rates during an observation period of 24 h. To determine if increased methane production rates due to ethanol addition can be maintained over longer time periods, continuous reactors filled with biogas sludge were developed which were fed with the same substrates as the full-scale reactor from which the sludge was derived. These reactors are well reflected conditions of a full-scale biogas plant during a period of 14 days. When the fermenters were pulsed with 50–100 mM ethanol, biomethanation increased by 50–150 %, depending on the composition of the biogas sludge. It was also possible to increase methane formation significantly when 10–20 mM pure ethanol or ethanolic solutions (e.g. beer) were added daily. In summary, the experiments revealed that “normal” methane production continued to take place, but ethanol led to production of additional methane.
Brief report: The association between adolescents' characteristics and engagement in sexting
Authors: Van Ouytsel Joris , Van Gool Ellen , Ponnet Koen , Walrave Michel 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe potential emotional and legal consequences of adolescents' engagement in sending sexually explicit pictures through the internet or the mobile phone (i.e., sexting) have caused significant concern about the behavior among practitioners and academics. The present study compares the characteristics of students who engage in sexting to those who do not. A survey among 1028 adolescents of 11 secondary schools in Belgium was administered. Logistic regression analyses suggest that sexting is significantly linked with sensation seeking, experiential thinking styles and depression, while controlling for gender, age, family status and students' response to economic stress. The results are of importance to practitioners who could adapt their prevention and intervention campaigns to better reach this complex youth. Differences with the findings of previous studies highlight the importance of continuing research on sexting and the need to pay attention to the specific context in which adolescent sexting takes place.
Associations between body weight and depression, social phobia, insomnia, and self‐esteem among Taiwanese adolescents
Authors: Lee Jia‐In , Yen Cheng‐Fang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe aims of this cross‐sectional study were to examine the associations between body weight and mental health indicators including depression, social phobia, insomnia, and self‐esteem among Taiwanese adolescents in Grades 7–12. The body mass index (BMI) of 5254 adolescents was calculated based on self‐reported weight and height measurements. Body weight status was determined by the age‐ and gender‐specific International Obesity Task Force reference tables. By using participants of average weight as the reference group, the association between body weight status (underweight, overweight, and obesity) and mental health indicators (depression, social phobia, insomnia, and self‐esteem) were examined by using multiple regression analysis. The possible moderating effects of sociodemographic characteristics on the association were also examined. After controlling for the effects of sociodemographic characteristics, both overweight (p < 0.05) and obese adolescents (p < 0.001) had a lower level of self‐esteem than did those of average weight; however, no significant differences in depression, social phobia, or insomnia were found between those who were overweight/obese and those of average weight. No significant differences in the four mental health indicators were found between those who were underweight and those of average weight. Sociodemographic characteristics had no moderating effect on the association between body weight and mental health indicators. In conclusion, mental health and school professionals must take the association between overweight/obesity and self‐esteem into consideration when approaching the issue of mental health among adolescents.
Provenance and Deposition of Glacial Lake Missoula Lacustrine and Flood Sediments Determined from Rock Magnetic Properties
Authors: Hanson Michelle Andrée , Enkin Randolph Jonathan , Barendregt René William , Clague John Joseph 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRepeated outburst flooding from glacial Lake Missoula, Montana, affected large areas of Washington during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 2 (29–14 ka). We present the first high-resolution rock magnetic results from two sites that are critical to interpreting these outburst floods and that provide evidence of sediment provenance: glacial Lake Missoula, the source of the floods; and glacial Lake Columbia, where floodwaters interrupted sedimentation. Magnetic carriers in glacial Lake Missoula varves are dominated by hematite, whereas those in outburst flood sediments and glacial Lake Columbia sediments are mainly magnetite and titano-magnetite. Stratigraphic variation of magnetic parameters is consistent with changes in lithology. Importantly, magnetic properties highlight depositional processes in the flood sediments that are not evident in the field. In glacial Lake Columbia, hematite is present in fine silt and clay deposited near the end of each flood as fine sediment settled out of the water column. This signal is only present at the end of the floods because the hematite is concentrated in the finer-grained sediment transported from the floor of glacial Lake Missoula, the only possible source of hematite, ~ 240 km away.
Sign Me Up: Rules of the Road for Humanitarian Volunteers During the Ebola Outbreak
Authors: Wildes Ryan , Kayden Stephanie , Goralnick Eric , Niescierenko Michelle , Aschkenasy Miriam , Kemen Katherine M. , Vanrooyen Michael , Biddinger Paul , Cranmer Hilarie 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe current Ebola outbreak is the worst global public health emergency of our generation, and our global health care community must and will rise to serve those affected. Aid organizations participating in the Ebola response must carefully plan to carry out their responsibility to ensure the health, safety, and security of their responders. At the same time, individual health care workers and their employers must evaluate the ability of an aid organization to protect its workers in the complex environment of this unheralded Ebola outbreak. We present a minimum set of operational standards developed by a consortium of Boston-based hospitals that a professional organization should have in place to ensure the health, safety, and security of its staff in response to the Ebola virus disease outbreak. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-2)
Cognitive behavioural psychotherapy graduates in Ireland: a follow-up survey of graduates from an Irish university
Authors: MacLiam Fionnula 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundTraining in cognitive behavioural psychotherapy (CBT) is expensive both for the students and their funding bodies.ObjectivesIt is important to know how graduates of CBT courses are putting their skills to use, and whether they are continuously updating those skills to achieve best practice. We also wanted to discover the similarities and differences between CBT trainees in the United Kingdom and in the Republic of Ireland (courses in the United Kingdom being analogous to those in Ireland in content and participants).MethodAn internet survey, derived from previous postal questionnaires, was used to enquire into the practice, experience, and continuing professional development of graduates from the CBT courses at Trinity College Dublin.ResultsMost MDT professions were represented in the graduates, preponderantly psychiatrists and mental health nurses, but also including social workers and occupational therapists. Most participants believed that the course had enhanced their careers, and almost half had changed job since graduating. Half said that CBT was now the main focus of their job, but others reported lack of resources, funding, time, and other duties impeded their ability to conduct CBT with clients. However, most participants engaged in continuous professional development regarding CBT, and received CBT clinical supervision.DiscussionThere was a difference in the proportion of the different professions undertaking this course compared with the United Kingdom and our response rate here was significantly lower. As in UK surveys, participants who may have been supported and funded to undertake the training may not afterwards be supported in implementing their skills in the workplace. The broader implications of this are discussed.
From Newton’s bucket to rotating polygons: experiments on surface instabilities in swirling flows
Authors: Bach B. , Linnartz E. C. , Vested M. H. , Andersen A. , Bohr T. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe present an experimental study of ‘polygons’ forming on the free surface of a swirling water flow in a partially filled cylindrical container. In our set-up, we rotate the bottom plate and the cylinder wall with separate motors. We thereby vary rotation rate and shear strength independently and move from a rigidly rotating ‘Newton’s bucket’ flow to one where bottom and cylinder wall are rotating oppositely and the surface is strongly turbulent but flat on average. Between those two extremes, we find polygonal states for which the rotational symmetry is spontaneously broken. We investigate the phase diagram spanned by the two rotational frequencies at a given water filling height and find polygons in a regime, where the two frequencies are sufficiently different and, predominantly, when they have opposite signs. In addition to the extension of the family of polygons found with the stationary cylinder, we find a new family of smaller polygons for larger rotation rates of the cylinder, opposite to that of the bottom plate. Further, we find a ‘monogon’, a figure with one corner, roughly an eccentric circle rotating in the same sense as the cylinder. The case where only the bottom plate is rotating is compared with the results of Jansson et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 96, 2006, art. 174502), where the same size of cylinder was used, and although the overall structure of the phase diagram spanned by water height and rotational frequency is the same, many details are different. To test the effect of small experimental defects, such as misalignment of the bottom plate, we investigate whether the rotating polygons are phase locked with the bottom plate, and although we find cases where the frequency ratio of figure and bottom plate is nearly rational, we do not find phase locking. Finally, we show that the system has a surprising multistability and excitability, and we note that this can cause quantitative differences between the phase diagrams obtained in comparable experiments.
“Nothing Good Ever Came from New Jersey”: Expectations and the Sensory Perception of Wines
Authors: Ashton Robert H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe influence of expectations on the sensory perception of wines is investigated in three studies in which New Jersey and California red wines are blind tasted. Studies 1 and 2, in which only the color of the wines is known prior to tasting, demonstrate that neither wine club members nor experienced wine professionals can distinguish between New Jersey and California wines in terms of personal enjoyment. In contrast, Study 3, in which tasters are informed that some (though not which) of the wines are from New Jersey, finds that when a wine is believed to be from New Jersey it receives lower enjoyment ratings than when the identical wine is believed to be from California—regardless of whether the wine is actually from New Jersey or California. The results enhance our understanding of the role of expectations in the interpretation of subjective experiences. Implications for wine producers and wine consumers are explored. (JEL Classification: C91)
Krein-Smulian-Type Theorems
Authors: Khurana Surjit Singh 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLet (E, ℱ) be a weakly compactly generated Frechet space and let ℱ0 be another weaker Hausdorff locally convex topology on E. Let X be an ℱ-bounded compact subset of (E, ℱ0). The ℱ0-closed convex hull of X in E is then ℱ0-compact. We also give a new proof, without using Riemann–Lebesgue-integrable (Birkoff-integrable) functions, with the result that if (E, ∥ · ∥) is any Banach space and ℱ0 is fragmented by ∥ · ∥, then the same result holds. Furthermore, the closure of the convex hull of X in ℱ0-topology and in the original topology of E is the same.
Imaging methodologies and applications for nutrition research: what can functional MRI offer?
Authors: Francis Susan T. , Eldeghaidy Sally 
Published: October 2014

Food intake is influenced by a complex regulatory system involving the integration of a wide variety of sensory inputs across multiple brain areas. Over the past decade, advances in neuroimaging using functional MRI (fMRI) have provided valuable insight into these pathways in the human brain. This review provides an outline of the methodology of fMRI, introducing the widely used blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast for fMRI and direct measures of cerebral blood flow using arterial spin labelling. A review of fMRI studies of the brain's response to taste, aroma and oral somatosensation, and how fat is sensed and mapped in the brain in relation to the pleasantness of food, and appetite control is given. The influence of phenotype on individual variability in cortical responses is addressed, and an overview of fMRI studies investigating hormonal influences (e.g. peptide YY, cholecystokinin and ghrelin) on appetite-related brain processes provided. Finally, recent developments in MR technology at ultra-high field (7 T) are introduced, highlighting the advances this can provide for fMRI studies to investigate the neural underpinnings in nutrition research. In conclusion, neuroimaging methods provide valuable insight into the mechanisms of flavour perception and appetite behaviour.
A pilot study about female adolescent/young childhood cancer survivors' knowledge about reproductive health and their views about consultation with a fertility specialist
Authors: Kim J. , Mersereau J.E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjective:Impaired fertility and reproductive health after cancer treatment is an important quality-of-life issue among female childhood cancer survivors (CCSs). This study aims to measure female CCSs' knowledge about their reproductive health and their exposure to and views about reproductive counseling (RC).Method:This is a cross-sectional, web-survey study of female CCSs aged 18 to 45 years who were diagnosed with cancer before age 21 years and currently had no evidence of disease.Results:Fifty-six CCSs participated (response rate = 48%; mean current age = 26). Knowledge about reproductive health after cancer treatment was severely limited within this sample of highly educated survivors (91% educated beyond high school), who provided correct answers only 32% of the time. Only 9 and 5% of the women had pursued RC with a fertility specialist before and after cancer treatment, respectively. The majority thought they had not been provided enough information about reproductive health. White ethnicity (p < 0.001), higher annual income (p = 0.007), and higher education level (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with a positive opinion about RC.Significance of Results:A limited number of CCSs took advantage of RC in spite of their high interest in and limited knowledge about reproductive issues. Targeted referrals for RC may allow for improved decision making about reproductive options.
Invisible Social Control as Predictor of Daily Negative Affect and Smoking After a Self-Set Quit Date
Authors: Lüscher Janina , Ochsner Sibylle , Berli Corina , Knoll Nina , Stadler Gertraud , Hornung Rainer , Scholz Urte 
Published: October 2014

The dual-effects model of social control proposes that social control leads to increased psychological distress but also to better health practices. However, findings are inconsistent, and recent research suggests that the most effective control is unnoticed by the receiver (i. e., invisible). Yet, investigations of the influence of invisible control on daily negative affect and smoking have been limited. Using daily diaries, we investigated how invisible social control was associated with negative affect and smoking. Overall, 100 smokers (72.0 % men, age M = 40.48, SD = 9.82) and their nonsmoking partners completed electronic diaries from a self-set quit date for 22 consecutive days, reporting received and provided social control, negative affect, and daily smoking. We found in multilevel analyses of the within-person process that on days with higher-than-average invisible control, smokers reported more negative affect and fewer cigarettes smoked. Findings are in line with the assumptions of the dual-effects model of social control: Invisible social control increased daily negative affect and simultaneously reduced smoking at the within-person level.