bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global information aware network with global interaction graph attention for infrared small target detection
Authors: Yang Ruimin , Zhang Yidan , Gao Guangshuai , Liao Liang , Li Chunlei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDetecting small targets in infrared images is crucial for ground surveillance and air traffic control. However, distinguishing small infrared targets from similar backgrounds is challenging due to their lack of structural and textural characteristics. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel global information‐aware network with global interaction graph attention (GIGA) for infrared small target detection. The GIGA consists of a global interaction layer (GILayer), graph attention weights (GAW), and a global relational learning (GRL) module. Specifically, the GILayer dynamically learns global inter‐pixel relationships of small target images by enhancing the dependencies between feature dimensions. The GAW component calculates pixel‐by‐pixel similarity across the entire feature map using graph attention mechanisms, while the GRL module retains critical similarity features in the feature extraction network, thereby facilitating small target detection. Additionally, the multi‐scale context fusion module utilises self‐attention and dilation convolution to complement richer feature details at different scales. Experimental results on both natural and synthetic datasets demonstrate the proposed method's superiority over other state‐of‐the‐art conventional and deep learning approaches in infrared small target detection.
Comfortable driving control for connected automated vehicles based on deep reinforcement learning and knowledge transfer
Authors: Wu Chuna , Chen Jing , Yao Jinqiang , Chen Tianyi , Cao Jing , Zhao Cong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the development of connected automated vehicles (CAVs), preview and large‐scale road profile information detected by different vehicles become available for speed planning and active suspension control of CAVs to enhance ride comfort. Existing methods are not well adapted to rough pavements of different districts, where the distributions of road roughness are significantly different because of the traffic volume, maintenance, weather, etc. This study proposes a comfortable driving framework by coordinating speed planning and suspension control with knowledge transfer. Based on existing speed planning approaches, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm is designed to learn comfortable suspension control strategies with preview road and speed information. Fine‐tuning and lateral connection are adopted to transfer the learned knowledge for adaptability in different districts. DRL‐based suspension control models are trained and transferred using real‐world rough pavement data in districts of Shanghai, China. The experimental results show that the proposed control method increases vertical comfort by 41.10% on rough pavements, compared to model predictive control. The proposed framework is proven to be applicable to stochastic rough pavements for CAVs.
A new understanding of the Gemini-Monoceros X-ray enhancement from discoveries with eROSITA
Authors: Knies J. R. , Sasaki M. , Becker W. , Liu T. , Ponti G. , Plucinsky P. P. 
Published: August 2024

Aims. The Gemini-Monoceros X-ray enhancement is a rich field for studying diffuse X-ray emission and supernova remnants (SNRs). Most SNRs in this part of the sky are notoriously difficult to observe due to their large extent. With the launch of the extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) on board the Spektrum-Röntgen-Gamma platform in 2019, we are now able to fully study those objects for the first time with CCD resolution. Many of the SNRs in the vicinity are suspected to be very old remnants, which are severely understudied in X-rays due to numerous observational challenges. In addition, the identification of new faint large SNRs might help to solve the long-standing discrepancy between the observed and expected number of Galactic SNRs.
Methods. We performed a detailed X-ray spectral analysis of the entire Gemini-Monoceros X-ray enhancement and a detailed background analysis of the vicinity, which allowed us to model the background with a high precision inside the X-ray enhancement. We also made use of multiwavelength data to better understand the morphology and to constrain the distances to the different sources. Based on the spectral analysis, we estimated the properties of the sources and calculated a grid of model SNRs to determine the individual SNR properties.
Results. Most of the diffuse plasma of the Monogem Ring SNR is well described by a single nonequilibrium ionization (NEI) component with an average temperature of kT = 0.14 ± 0.03 keV. We obtain an age of ≈1.2 × 105 yr – consistent with PSR B0656+14 – for the Monogem Ring and an explosion energy typical for a core-collapse (CC) supernova (SN). In the southeast, we found evidence for a significant temperature enhancement and a second plasma component. Our findings show that a scenario of two SNRs at ≈300 pc is likely, with the new candidate having an age of ≈50 000 yr. We were also able to improve on previous results for the Monoceros Loop and PKS 0646+06 SNRs by disentangling the foreground diffuse emission of the Monogem Ring SNR. We obtained significantly higher temperatures than previous studies, and for PKS 0646+06 a much lower estimated age of the SNR. We also found a new SNR candidate G190.4+12.5 which most likely is located at D > 1.5 kpc, expanding into a low density medium at a high distance from the Galactic plane, with an estimated age of 40 000–60 000 yr.
Neonatologische Bildgebung: Von Kontrastmittel-Ultraschall bis Bedside-MRT
Authors: Born Mark 
Published: August 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Bildgebungsmodalität der ersten Wahl ist die Sonografie. Bei durch die Sonografie nicht zu beantwortenden Fragen kommt zur weiteren Abklärung die MRT zur Anwendung, die sich in den ersten Lebenswochen in der Regel sogar ohne Sedierung durchführen lässt. Neben der Sonografie ist jedoch auch die konventionelle Röntgenaufnahme des Thorax und, bei entsprechenden Fragestellungen, des Abdomens auch beim Neugeborenen unverzichtbar. Die Computertomografie kommt hingegen nur bei sehr wenigen, speziellen Fragestellungen wie z. B. in Notfallsituationen oder bei manchen konnatalen Lungenfehlbildungen zum Einsatz. In vielen Fällen lassen sich heutzutage jedoch auch pulmonale Fragestellungen durch die Magnetresonanztomografie beantworten. MRT-kompatible Transportinkubatoren vereinfachen den Umgang mit kritisch kranken Neugeborenen im MRT. Bettseitige MRT-Geräte für die neonatale Intensivstation sind inzwischen erhältlich, und ihr Einsatz wird derzeit geprüft.
Rare Presentations of Takayasu Arteritis: A Case Series
Authors: Mondal Sudipta , Shanmugam Sedhupathi , Kumar Swasthi S. , Namboodiri Narayanan , Radhakrishnan Jayakrishnan , Pitchai Shivanesan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTakayasu arteritis (TA) is a form of large vessel vasculitis that may lead to fibrosis, stenosis, or aneurysm formation of vessels. Its presentation varies depending on the arterial beds involved. We report 3 cases out of around 150 cases of TA with rare initial presentations of brachial plexopathy caused by an axillary artery aneurysm, complicated type A intramural hematoma, and renal artery aneurysms along with abdominothoracic TA presenting as a pulsatile abdominal mass.
Multimodality Imaging in the Diagnosis and Staging of Gestational Choriocarcinoma
Authors: Mandava Anitha , Koppula Veeraiah , Kandati Meghana , Reddy Arvind K. , Rajappa Senthil J. , Rao T. S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChoriocarcinoma is an uncommon, highly invasive malignancy arising from the placental trophoblastic tissue. Though staging is clinical, imaging has significant role in the diagnosis, staging, prognostic risk scoring, and management of choriocarcinomas. The purpose of this article is to review the role of multimodality imaging in the diagnosis, staging, and management of choriocarcinomas in correlation with clinicopathologic findings.
Evaluation of Osteotomy Healing in Boxer Dogs Undergoing Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy Using Two Radiographic Scoring Systems
Authors: Huerta Yael , Filliquist Barbro , Agnello Kimberly A. , Syrcle Jason A. , Chou Po-Yen , Garcia Tanya C. , Massie Anna M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to (1) compare 5-point and 10-point bone healing radiographic scoring systems using postoperative tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) radiographs and (2) determine whether Boxer osteotomy healing time differs from age-matched Labrador Retrievers.
Study Design This was a multicentre retrospective study. Fifty-eight client-owned dogs undergoing TPLO (29 Boxers and 29 Labrador Retrievers) were included. Five board-certified surgeons evaluated the radiographs three independent times. Osteotomy healing approximately 8 weeks postoperatively was graded using previously reported 5-point and 10-point scoring systems and immediate postoperative radiographs were assessed for the presence of an osteotomy gap of ≥1 mm.
Results Both scoring systems had good consistency among observers. Intraobserver consistency was good in three out of five observers using the 5-point system and in four out of five observers using the 10-point system. Boxers had significantly lower radiographic healing scores at 8 weeks postoperatively compared with Labrador Retrievers using both scoring systems (p ≤ 0.001). The presence of an osteotomy gap postoperatively resulted in significantly lower healing scores at 8 weeks using both scoring systems (p < 0.001) in both breeds.
Conclusion No difference was found in inter- and intraobserver variability between scoring systems. Boxer dogs had lower healing scores at 8 weeks after TPLO compared with Labrador Retrievers. An osteotomy gap of ≥1 mm was associated with lower healing scores.
Colloquialisation
Authors: Mair Christian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Surveying a representative sample of studies of colloquialisation, a tendency for written norms to move closer to
spoken usage, the chapter explores:

the relationship between colloquialisation, operationalised in exclusively linguistic terms, and
informalisation and democratisation, two processes primarily targeting wider sociocultural change, and

complications arising when colloquialisation is extended beyond its original domain of application,
standard written English of the ENL type.

There are two major findings. Colloquialisation works less well in the study of ESL varieties than ENL ones. In
addition, recent real-time analyses of change in spoken English suggest that the supposedly homogeneous baseline style of informal
conversational English is more internally variable than is assumed in current work on colloquialisation.
Speaking for the downtrodden
Authors: Tyrkkö Jukka , Raineri Sophie , Räikkönen Jenni , Budirská Alžběta , Nabawy Mai , Silfver Amanda 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Most linguistic studies of political speaking in the field of critical discourse analysis tend to focus on
speeches delivered by prominent politicians either in a domestic party-political setting or in the international arena. Less
attention has been afforded to speeches by civil rights activists and campaigners for other progressive causes. To fill this gap,
the present paper focuses on political speaking occurring outside of the party-political setting. The data comprises 120 American
activist speeches from the years 1808–2016. The analysis focuses on the construction of ingroups and outgroups, and whether the
use of personal pronouns is affected by the type of audience. The frequency trends bring forth new information about the
referential complexity of pronouns within individual speeches.
Family, politics and media
Authors: Baker Helen , McEnery Tony 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we utilise the Nineteenth Century Newspaper Corpus to examine reporting
surrounding William Gladstone’s Midlothian campaign, a key point in the democratization of British politics where a politician not
only communicated with ordinary people through hustings but indirectly to a wider electorate via media reporting of those
hustings. With the use of social actor analysis (van Leeuwen 2008), approached through
collocation, we find that a distinctive feature of media reporting was a focus on Gladstone’s family. This surprising intersection
of family and electioneering reveals a powerful hierarchy of social relationships in terms of gender and seniority, which became
an effective propaganda strategy as Gladstone, enabled by Liberal-supporting newspapers, utilised his family as a political
tool.
Pseudo matrix sluicing constructions in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Liu Chi-Ming Louis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Speakers of Mandarin Chinese have a variety of ways to respond to others, one of which is the employment of a single wh-phrase to form a follow-up question. However, using a short wh-phrase to ask a question is not without any restrictions. Sometimes, the antecedent sentence needs to contain an indefinite NP, while at other times it does not. I first consider the possibility of applying the movement and ellipsis approach and the base-generation approach to these Mandarin short wh-phrase questions. Given the fact that neither of these analyses captures the syntactic properties of this type of question in Mandarin Chinese, I propose to deal with it in terms of an analysis that is based on LF-copying. More specifically, I propose that the wh-phrase in a short wh-phrase question is base-generated in the Spec of CP, which is followed by an empty IP in the underlying and surface structure. When this structure is processed at LF, it becomes interpretable after the antecedent IP is copied into the empty IP position. Since the wh-phrase remains in its original position throughout the derivation, I call this type of question a pseudo matrix sluicing construction. This analysis not only successfully accounts for the derivation of Mandarin short wh-questions, but also respects the fact that Mandarin Chinese is a wh-in-situ as well as a non-preposition-stranding language.
Controllable location-dependent frequency conversion based on space-time transformation optics
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Gao Xiaoke , Wang Jiawei , Ma Xikui , Dong Tianyu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Electromagnetic wave frequency conversion is a fundamental technique in telecommunications, especially the conversion from a single-frequency source to a multi-frequency output or a continuous spectra spread throughout space or time. By linking the differential intervals between the physical and virtual space with the ratio of the desired wavelength and the original wavelength, we can derive the mapping between the virtual and physical space-time within the space-time transformation optics (TO). With the functional magneto-electric coupling medium induced from the mapping, we demonstrate a class of converters that can generate arbitrary wavelength and location-dependent frequency distribution on a one-dimensional transmission line. Moreover, we have shown that multiple converters can be deliberately arranged both in the spatial and temporal dimension to achieve long-lasting time-varying frequency and space-time lens that can serve as a compressor and stretcher in chirp pulse amplification. Our concept for wave manipulation based on space-time TO may prepare the ground for a general solution to frequency conversion in various fields.
Plasma and metasurface composite absorber based on topology optimization
Authors: Guo Shiping , Dong Gouxiang , Chen Jianzhong , Chen Xiaoming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This work uses topology optimization methods to interactively design the plasma and metasurface loaded by resistance film, and obtains a composite absorber with good absorption effect. Genetic algorithm is used to find the minimum reflectivity of the composite absorber of plasma and metasurfaces, and after decoding, determine the corresponding topological structure of metasurface units and the optimal values of other parameters of the composite absorber. The optimized composite absorber maintains an absorption rate of over 95% in a wide frequency range of 5 GHz–18 GHz. This broadband absorption effect is caused by the superposition of the absorption performance of plasma and metasurface. In addition, due to the central symmetric configuration of the metasurface unit, the composite absorber has good polarization insensitivity characteristics, and it still has broadband absorbing ability in the case of TE polarized waves and TM polarized waves obliquely incident. Thus, the proposed composite absorber designed based on topology optimization method has a wide frequency band, wide incidence angle, high absorption rate, and polarization insensitive absorbing effect. The topology optimization method is used for the design of the proposed composite absorber composed of plasma and metasurface, which does not overly rely on design experience of designer and provides an intelligent design method for stealth skin design in complex scattering media such as plasma.
Linear diffusion noise boosted deep image prior for unsupervised sparse-view CT reconstruction
Authors: Wu Jia , Jiang Xiaoming , Zhong Lisha , Zheng Wei , Li Xinwei , Lin Jinzhao , Li Zhangyong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. Deep learning has markedly enhanced the performance of sparse-view computed tomography reconstruction. However, the dependence of these methods on supervised training using high-quality paired datasets, and the necessity for retraining under varied physical acquisition conditions, constrain their generalizability across new imaging contexts and settings. Approach. To overcome these limitations, we propose an unsupervised approach grounded in the deep image prior framework. Our approach advances beyond the conventional single noise level input by incorporating multi-level linear diffusion noise, significantly mitigating the risk of overfitting. Furthermore, we embed non-local self-similarity as a deep implicit prior within a self-attention network structure, improving the model’s capability to identify and utilize repetitive patterns throughout the image. Additionally, leveraging imaging physics, gradient backpropagation is performed between the image domain and projection data space to optimize network weights. Main Results. Evaluations with both simulated and clinical cases demonstrate our method’s effective zero-shot adaptability across various projection views, highlighting its robustness and flexibility. Additionally, our approach effectively eliminates noise and streak artifacts while significantly restoring intricate image details. Significance. Our method aims to overcome the limitations in current supervised deep learning-based sparse-view CT reconstruction, offering improved generalizability and adaptability without the need for extensive paired training data.
First observation of RMP ELM mitigation on MAST Upgrade
Authors: Ryan D A , Ham C , Kirk A , Markovic T , Munaretto S , Piron L , Saarelma S , Suttrop W , Thornton A J , Viezzer E , Willensdorfer M ,   the MAST Upgrade Team,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The first experimental attempts at controlling edge localised modes (ELMs) via the application of resonant magnetic perturbations on the MAST Upgrade tokamak are reported. Using the linear MHD model MARS-F, the phase shift between the upper and lower coil rows ΔΦ was optimised for toroidal mode number n = 1 and n = 2 fields, to provide forward guidance to experiments. In low β

N
discharges, the application of n = 1 3D fields caused the ELM frequency f

E
L
M

to increase by over a factor 20 relative to the reference, and also induced a locked mode, which did not cause a plasma termination nor an H-L back transition. However when β

N
was raised, this induced locked mode caused plasma termination which precluded mitigation access. Initially, applying a numerically optimised n = 2 field had no effect. However applying a rigid toroidal shift to this field caused a locked mode disruption, demonstrating the presence of a substantial n = 2 error field. Coil current ramps were conducted with ΔΦ set at 6 different values, resulting in either locked mode disruptions or no effect, but mitigation with n = 2 fields was not established.
Effect of rotation on negative triangularity plasmas in DIII-D
Authors: Chrystal C , Austin M E , Odstrcil T , Paz-Soldan C , Thome K E , Marinoni A , Boyes W , Osborne T H , Logan N C , Hyatt A W , Nelson A O 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
At the DIII-D tokamak, plasmas with negative triangularity (NT) have been found to have similar energy confinement times as H-mode plasmas with positive triangularity. These NT plasmas also have a stable edge that inhibits H-mode, lacks dangerous edge transients, and has naturally low impurity confinement. For these reasons, NT plasmas have the potential to be a transformative reactor scenario. To determine the importance of strong co-current neutral beam torque for NT performance at DIII-D, scans of neutral beam torque at constant neutral beam power have been performed. These scans have shown that the energy confinement time for a basic, inductive NT scenario (

q

95

≈
2.8

) decreases by 16% when torque is reduced to reactor levels. This reduction in confinement can be replicated with gyrofluid modeling that isolates the role of

E

×

B

shear in the change in transport. In a separate set of discharges with lower plasma current (

q

95

≈
4.2

), no significant correlation between confinement time and rotation was found. Throughout this investigation, excellent MHD stability was observed, even with very low toroidal rotation. Further, low impurity confinement was found at multiple rotation levels. Throughout the campaign, rotation near the edge was counter-current, consistent with the measurement of counter-current intrinsic edge rotation, and these observations agree with NT results from the TCV tokamak.