bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The glacial mid‐depth radiocarbon bulge and its implications for the overturning circulation
Authors: Burke Andrea , Stewart Andrew L. , Adkins Jess F. , Ferrari Raffaele , Jansen Malte F. , Thompson Andrew F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPublished reconstructions of radiocarbon in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean indicate that there is a mid‐depth maximum in radiocarbon age during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). This is in contrast to the modern ocean where intense mixing between water masses results in a relatively homogenous radiocarbon profile. Ferrari et al. (2014) suggested that the extended Antarctic sea ice cover during the LGM necessitated a shallower boundary between the upper and lower branches of the meridional overturning circulation. This shoaled boundary lay above major topographic features associated with strong diapycnal mixing, isolating dense southern sourced water in the lower branch of the overturning circulation. This isolation would have allowed radiocarbon to decay and thus provides a possible explanation for the mid‐depth radiocarbon age bulge. We test this hypothesis using an idealized, 2‐D, residual‐mean dynamical model of the global overturning circulation. Concentration distributions of a decaying tracer that is advected by the simulated overturning are compared to published radiocarbon data. We find that a 600 km (~5° of latitude) increase in sea ice extent shoals the boundary between the upper and lower branches of the overturning circulation at 45°S by 600 m and shoals the depth of North Atlantic Deep Water convection at 50°N by 2500 m. This change in circulation configuration alone decreases the radiocarbon content in the mid‐depth South Atlantic at 45°S by 40‰, even without an increase in surface radiocarbon age in the source region of deep waters during the LGM.
Effects of Interest, Thematic Congruence, and Typicality on Memory for Television, Radio, and Press Advertisements of New Products
Authors: Martín‐Luengo Beatriz , Luna Karlos , Migueles Malen 
Published: June 2015

SummaryLittle is known about how the content of advertisements is remembered. We studied how product interest, thematic congruence between advertisement and programme, and the typicality of the elements of an advertisement affect memory for new product ads in television, radio, and printed media. Participants were exposed to a single type of media with two embedded ads. After a filler task, they completed a true/false recognition task. In television and radio, accuracy was higher for the interesting product ads. In three experiments, we found no effect of thematic congruence, and the standard effect of typicality. In printed media, where participants are free to read the ads or not, the differences in hits and false alarms in typicality were due to a change in the response criterion and not to an effect on memory. We conclude that different results can be obtained depending on the exposure to different media. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanocomposite Precursor Polyacrylonitrile Fibers for Medical Applications
Authors: Szparaga Grzegorz , Król Paulina , Brzezińska Magdalena , Rabiej Stanisław , Boguń Maciej 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe significant development of the fibers' manufacturing processes favors the emergence of new solutions in the preparation of the bioactive implantable materials. Thus, the properly designed manufacturing processes, as well as properly controlled process parameters enable controlling properties of the final composite material. This paper presents the investigation of the effect of the initial manufacturing parameters on the structure and properties of the precursor polyacrylonitrile fibers containing two types of bioglass. By using a bioactive silicate modifier during the fibers spinning process, carbon biomaterials with modified properties can be obtained. Therefore, the incorporation of modifiers containing calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) into the carbon fibers matrix could contribute to the increase of its compatibility with the surrounding bone tissue. The significant part of the investigation concerned the application of the drawing distribution during the fibers spinning process. It is already known that the proper value of the total draw parameter allows obtaining fibers that are characterized by optimal specific strength values. The resulting fibers have strength of 34–46 cN/tex and elongation at break of 9–14%; which supports its processing into nonwovens for further carbonization processes. Furthermore, the porous and macroscopic structure in relation to the sorption properties of the obtained fibers has been investigated.
Traditional and environmentally preferable cleaning product exposure and health symptoms in custodians
Authors: Garza Jennifer L. , Cavallari Jennifer M. , Wakai Sara , Schenck Paula , Simcox Nancy , Morse Tim , Meyer John D. , Cherniack Martin 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundWe investigated the associations between traditional and environmentally preferable cleaning product exposure and dermal, respiratory, and musculoskeletal symptoms in a population of custodians.MethodsWe analyzed associations between symptoms and exposure to traditional and environmentally preferable cleaning product exposure among 329 custodians.ResultsWe observed increased odds of dermal (P < 0.01), upper (P = 0.01) and lower respiratory (P = 0.01), and upper extremity (P < 0.01), back (P < 0.01), and lower extremity (P = 0.01) musculoskeletal symptoms associated with increased typical traditional cleaning product exposure. We observed significant trends for increased odds of dermal (P = 0.03) and back (P = 0.04) and lower (P = 0.02) extremity musculoskeletal symptoms associated with increased typical environmentally preferable cleaning product exposure.ConclusionsFewer positive associations and reduced odds of health symptoms associated with environmentally preferable cleaning product exposure suggest that these products may represent a safer alternative to traditional cleaning products. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:988–995, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Age and amyloid effects on human central nervous system amyloid‐beta kinetics
Authors: Patterson Bruce W. , Elbert Donald L. , Mawuenyega Kwasi G. , Kasten Tom , Ovod Vitaliy , Ma Shengmei , Xiong Chengjie , Chott Robert , Yarasheski Kevin , Sigurdson Wendy , Zhang Lily , Goate Alison , Benzinger Tammie , Morris John C. , Holtzman David , Bateman Randall J. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveAge is the single greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with the incidence doubling every 5 years after age 65. However, our understanding of the mechanistic relationship between increasing age and the risk for AD is currently limited. We therefore sought to determine the relationship between age, amyloidosis, and amyloid‐beta (Aβ) kinetics in the central nervous system (CNS) of humans.MethodsAβ kinetics were analyzed in 112 participants and compared to the ages of participants and the amount of amyloid deposition.ResultsWe found a highly significant correlation between increasing age and slowed Aβ turnover rates (2.5‐fold longer half‐life over five decades of age). In addition, we found independent effects on Aβ42 kinetics specifically in participants with amyloid deposition. Amyloidosis was associated with a higher (>50%) irreversible loss of soluble Aβ42 and a 10‐fold higher Aβ42 reversible exchange rate.InterpretationThese findings reveal a mechanistic link between human aging and the risk of amyloidosis, which may be owing to a dramatic slowing of Aβ turnover, increasing the likelihood of protein misfolding that leads to deposition. Alterations in Aβ kinetics associated with aging and amyloidosis suggest opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. More generally, this study provides an example of how changes in protein turnover kinetics can be used to detect physiological and pathophysiological changes and may be applicable to other proteinopathies. Ann Neurol 2015;78:439–453
Refined comparison theorems for the Dirac equation in d dimensions
Authors: Hall Richard L. , Zorin Petr 
Published: June 2015

A single spin‐1/2 particle obeys the Dirac equation in spatial dimension and is bound by an attractive central monotone potential which vanishes at infinity (in one dimension the potential is even). This work refines the relativistic comparison theorems which were derived by Hall . The new theorems allow the graphs of the two comparison potentials and to crossover in a controlled way and still imply the spectral ordering for the eigenvalues at the bottom of each angular momentum subspace. More specifically in a simplest case we have: in dimension , if , then ; and in dimensions, if , where and , then .
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Exceedingly Facile PhX Activation (X=Cl, Br, I) with Ruthenium(II): Arresting Kinetics, Autocatalysis, and Mechanisms
Authors: Miloserdov Fedor M. , McKay David , Muñoz Bianca K. , Samouei Hamidreza , Macgregor Stuart A. , Grushin Vladimir V. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract[(Ph3P)3Ru(L)(H)2] (where L=H2 (1) in the presence of styrene, Ph3P (3), and N2 (4)) cleave the PhX bond (X=Cl, Br, I) at RT to give [(Ph3P)3RuH(X)] (2) and PhH. A combined experimental and DFT study points to [(Ph3P)3Ru(H)2] as the reactive species generated upon spontaneous loss of L from 3 and 4. The reaction of 3 with excess PhI displays striking kinetics which initially appears zeroth order in Ru. However mechanistic studies reveal that this is due to autocatalysis comprising two factors: 1) complex 2, originating from the initial PhI activation with 3, is roughly as reactive toward PhI as 3 itself; and 2) the PhI bond cleavage with the just‐produced 2 gives rise to [(Ph3P)2RuI2], which quickly comproportionates with the still‐present 3 to recover 2. Both the initial and onward activation reactions involve PPh3 dissociation, PhI coordination to Ru through I, rearrangement to a η2‐PhI intermediate, and PhI oxidative addition.
o‐Nitrobenzyl‐photolabile Gruppen der nächsten Generation in der lichtgesteuerten Chemie und der Synthese von Mikroarrays
Authors: Kretschy Nicole , Holik Ann‐Katrin , Somoza Veronika , Stengele Klaus‐Peter , Somoza Mark M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDer Einsatz von Licht als externer Schalter ist ein zielgerichtetes und leicht kontrollierbares Verfahren zur räumlichen und zeitlichen Steuerung chemischer Reaktionen. Zwei o‐Nitrobenzylderivate – Benzoyl‐NPPOC und Thiophenyl‐NPPOC – steigern die Photolyseeffizienz in der Mikroarraysynthese um den Faktor 2 bzw. 12 gegenüber derjenigen der herkömmlichen NPPOC‐Gruppe.
Reductive Catenation of Phosphine Antimony Complexes
Authors: Chitnis Saurabh S. , Burford Neil , Weigand Jan J. , McDonald Robert 
Published: June 2015

AbstractReactions of triarylphosphines with fluoroantimony(III) triflates give phosphine antimony(III) complexes, which undergo spontaneous reductive elimination of fluorophosphonium cations. The resulting phosphine antimony(I) complexes catenate to give the first examples of cationic antimony bicyclic compounds, [(R3P)4Sb6]4+, featuring a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexastibine framework stabilized by four phosphine ligands. The unprecedented 14‐electron redox process illustrates the generality of the reductive catenation method.
Defect‐Engineered Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Fang Zhenlan , Bueken Bart , De Vos Dirk E. , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDefect engineering in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is an exciting concept for tailoring material properties, which opens up novel opportunities not only in sorption and catalysis, but also in controlling more challenging physical characteristics such as band gap as well as magnetic and electrical/conductive properties. It is challenging to structurally characterize the inherent or intentionally created defects of various types, and there have so far been few efforts to comprehensively discuss these issues. Based on selected reports spanning the last decades, this Review closes that gap by providing both a concise overview of defects in MOFs, or more broadly coordination network compounds (CNCs), including their classification and characterization, together with the (potential) applications of defective CNCs/MOFs. Moreover, we will highlight important aspects of “defect‐engineering” concepts applied for CNCs, also in comparison with relevant solid materials such as zeolites or COFs. Finally, we discuss the future potential of defect‐engineered CNCs.
Next‐Generation o‐Nitrobenzyl Photolabile Groups for Light‐Directed Chemistry and Microarray Synthesis
Authors: Kretschy Nicole , Holik Ann‐Katrin , Somoza Veronika , Stengele Klaus‐Peter , Somoza Mark M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLight as an external trigger is a valuable and easily controllable tool for directing chemical reactions with high spatial and temporal accuracy. Two o‐nitrobenzyl derivatives, benzoyl‐ and thiophenyl‐NPPOC, undergo photo‐deprotection with significantly improved efficiency over that of the commonly used NPPOC group. The two‐ and twelvefold increase in photo‐deprotection efficiency was proven using photolithograph synthesis of microarrays.
Fluorine‐Rich Fluorides: New Insights into the Chemistry of Polyfluoride Anions
Authors: Vent‐Schmidt Thomas , Brosi Felix , Metzger Jens , Schlöder Tobias , Wang Xuefeng , Andrews Lester , Müller Carsten , Beckers Helmut , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPolyfluoride anions have been investigated by matrix‐isolation spectroscopy and quantum‐chemical methods. For the first time the higher polyfluoride anion [F5]− has been observed under cryogenic conditions in neon matrices at 850 cm−1. In addition, a new band for the Cs+[F3]− complex in neon is reported.
Conversion of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) to methyl crotonate for the production of biobased monomers
Authors: Spekreijse Jurjen , Le Nôtre Jerome , Sanders Johan P. M. , Scott Elinor L. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTWithin the concept of the replacement of fossil with biobased resources, bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) can be obtained from volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from agro‐food waste streams and used as an intermediate toward attractive chemicals. Here we address a crucial step in this process, the conversion of PHB to methyl crotonate (MC), which can be converted via cross‐metathesis with ethylene to methyl acrylate and propylene, two important monomers for the plastics industry. The conversion of PHB to MC proceeds via a thermolysis of PHB to crotonic acid (CA), followed by an esterification to MC. At pressures below 18 bar, the thermolysis of PHB to CA is the rate‐determining step, where above 18 bar, the esterification of CA to MC becomes rate limiting. At 200°C and 18 bar, a full conversion and 60% selectivity to MC is obtained. This conversion circumvents processing and application issues of PHB as a polymer and allows PHB to be used as an intermediate to produce biobased chemicals. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42462.
Preparation of polypropylene microfiltration membranes via thermally induced (solid–liquid or liquid–liquid) phase separation method
Authors: Zhou Bo , Tang Yuanhui , Li Qian , Lin Yakai , Yu Miao , Xiong Yan , Wang Xiaolin 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPolypropylene (PP) hollow fiber microfiltration membranes with excellent performance were successfully prepared from the PP‐binary diluent system via thermally induced liquid–liquid (L–L) phase separation method. The binary diluent consisted of myristic acid and diphenyl carbonate. The effects of the binary diluent on phase separation and membrane structure were systematically investigated. With the decrease in the weight ratio of myristic acid to diphenyl carbonate, the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter between PP and the binary diluent became more positive, and the mechanism of phase separation changed from solid–liquid (S–L) to L–L. This resulted in the membrane structure changing from spherulitic to bicontinuous. Moreover, as the weight ratio of myristic acid to diphenyl carbonate decreased from 11/9 to 2/3, the L–L phase separation region kept enlarging while the viscosity of the whole system became higher. The pore size of the cross‐section increased due to the longer coarsening time while the surface pore size decreased due to the higher viscosity of the system. The bulk porosity of resultant PP membranes was mostly higher than 70% and pure water flux were generally larger than 650 L m−2h−1. In addition, the PP hollow fiber microfiltration membrane possessed excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 3.47 MPa and elongation of 118%) and good separation performance (rejection to PEO (Mw = 1000 kDa) of 94.6%) when the weight ratio of myristic acid to diphenyl carbonate was 2/3. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42490.
Preparation of fine fiberglass‐resin powders from waste printed circuit boards by different milling methods for reinforcing polypropylene composites
Authors: Yang Shuangqiao , Bai Shibing , Wang Qi 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, different milling methods were used to prepare fine fiberglass‐resin powders (FRP) from waste printed circuit boards for the sake of obtaining high‐performance polypropylene (PP)/FRP composite. The processability and appearance of composites can be greatly improved through further milling of FRP; smaller average particle size and narrower particle size distribution can be obtained by pan milling as compared with jet milling and planetary ball milling. Mechanical test results showed that fine FRP prepared by pan milling could be used as reinforcing fillers in the PP composites and possessed better mechanical properties than other two milling methods. The mechanical properties was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy studies which indicated that the dispersion of FRP and interfacial adhesion between fiberglass and PP matrix was much better by pan milling. Meanwhile, the heterogeneous nucleation effect of FRP by pan milling was more obvious. The above results indicate that solid‐state shear is a new method for producing fine FRP and high‐performance PP composites filled with FRP. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42494.
Numerical simulation of flow of rubber compounds in partially filled internal mixer
Authors: Liu Jinpeng , Li Fanzhu , Zhang Liqun , Yang Haibo 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTMost numerical simulations of the flow in an internal mixer are based on the assumption that the internal mixer is totally filled with rubber compounds. However, in fact, the internal mixers are only partially filled with rubber compounds, thus posing many challenges for researchers in simulating the flow in the internal mixer. In this study, the volume of fluid method and the dynamic mesh technology of commercial CFD software FLUENT were used to simulate the flow of rubber compound in a partially filled internal mixer. To improve simulation accuracy, every 18 degrees in circumferential direction, we manually re‐meshed the calculated transient location of the rubber compound. Thus, we obtained the transient distribution of the rubber compound in the internal mixer as the rotors rotated. The simulation results showed that voids were mainly located behind the rotor blades, and there were material exchanges in the bridge regions between the two chambers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42496.
Synchronization of Heterogeneous Multi‐Agent Systems by Adaptive Iterative Learning Control
Authors: Yang Shiping , Xu Jian‐Xin , Huang Deqing , Tan Ying 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this work, under a repeatable control environment, an adaptive iterative learning control method is applied to synchronize a group of uncertain heterogeneous agents. The agent dynamics are modeled by nonlinear equations, which contain both parametric and non‐parametric uncertainties. Furthermore, the uncertainties are assumed to be general nonlinear terms instead of the global Lipschitz functions. The communication among the followers is depicted by an undirected and connected graph, meanwhile, the virtual leader's trajectory is only accessible to a small portion of the followers. The proposed learning rules enable all the followers to learn and handle both parametric and non‐parametric uncertainties based on the local information such that the followers can synchronize their trajectories to the desired one. In comparison with the existing literature, most works assume first or second order nonlinear systems, and perfect initial conditions. In order to mitigate the identical initialization condition, the applicability of alignment condition and initial rectifying action are further explored. In addition, our developed algorithms can be applied to general high order nonlinear systems. Finally, synchronization examples of networked robotic manipulators are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed methods.
Evaluation of hypothermia on the in vitro metabolism and binding and in vivo disposition of midazolam in rats
Authors: Miyamoto Hirotaka , Matsueda Satoshi , Moritsuka Akihiro , Shimokawa Kenta , Hirata Haruna , Nakashima Mikiro , Sasaki Hitoshi , Fumoto Shintaro , Nishida Koyo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe effect of hypothermia on the in vivo pharmacokinetics of midazolam was evaluated, with a focus on altered metabolism in the liver and binding to serum proteins. Rat primary hepatocytes were incubated with midazolam (which is metabolized mainly by CYP3A2) at 37, 32 or 28 °C. The Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) of midazolam were estimated using the Michaelis–Menten equation. The Km of CYP3A2 midazolam remained unchanged, but the Vmax decreased at 28 °C. In rats, whose temperature was maintained at 37, 32 or 28 °C by a heat lamp or ice pack, the plasma concentrations of midazolam were higher, whereas those in the brain and liver were unchanged at 28 °C. The tissue/plasma concentration ratios were, however, increased significantly. The unbound fraction of midazolam in serum at 28 °C was half that at 37 °C. These pharmacokinetic changes associated with hypothermic conditions were due to reductions in CYP3A2 activity and protein binding. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multicenter investigation of lifestyle‐related diseases and visceral disorders in thalidomide embryopathy at around 50 years of age
Authors: Shiga Tomoko , Shimbo Takuro , Yoshizawa Atsuto 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundIn utero exposure to thalidomide causes a wide range of birth defects, including phocomelia, hearing loss and visceral disorders, known as thalidomide embryopathy (TE). Fifty years after the first report of TE, we conducted the first cross‐sectional multicenter study to investigate the development of lifestyle‐related diseases and identify risk factors for visceral disorders in subjects with TE.MethodsSeventy‐six cases with TE (31 men, 45 women) underwent medical examinations between 2011 and 2014 to determine the types of TE‐related anomalies (limbs, auditory organs, or visceral organs) and lifestyle‐related diseases present. Logistic multiple regression analyses, adjusted for gender and age, were conducted between TE and lifestyle‐related diseases and to evaluate association between block vertebra and gallbladder aplasia.ResultsFatty liver (FL), nonalcoholic FL disease and dyslipidemia were detected in 52.6%, 35.0%, and 23.7% of subjects, respectively, with higher incidences among men. Dyslipidemia was detected in 40.0% of subjects with FL and was significantly associated with FL (odds ratio = 8.86; p = 0.008). Block vertebrae were detected in 44.4% of subjects with gallbladder aplasia, and this association was significant (odds ratio = 9.96; p = 0.006).ConclusionSubjects with TE have also a risk for lifestyle‐related disease as well as the general Japanese population. In addition, cervical spine radiography and magnetic resonance imaging are recommended to assess block vertebrae in subjects with TE with gallbladder aplasia who develop shoulder pain. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:787–793, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.