bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SU‐C‐BRE‐04: Microbeam‐Radiation‐Therapy (MRT): Characterizing a Novel MRT Device Using High Resolution 3D Dosimetry
Authors: Li Q , Juang T , Bache S , Chang S , Oldham M 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:The feasibility of MRT has recently been demonstrated utilizing a new technology of Carbon‐Nano‐Tube(CNT) field emission x‐ray sources. This approach can deliver very high dose(10's of Gy) in narrow stripes(sub‐mm) of radiation which enables the study of novel radiation treatment approaches. Here we investigate the application of highresolution (50um isotropic) PRESAGE/Optical‐CT 3D dosimetry techniques to characterize the radiation delivered in this extremely dosimetrically challenging scenario.Methods:The CNT field emission x‐ray source irradiator comprises of a linear cathode array and a novel collimator alignment system. This allows a precise delivery of high‐energy small beams up to 160 kVp. A cylindrical dosimeter (∼2.2cm in height ∼2.5cm in diameter) was irradiated by CNT MRT delivering 3 strips of radiation with a nominal entrance dose of 32 Gy.A second dosimeter was irradiated with similar entrance dose, with a regular x‐ray irradiator collimated to microscopical strip‐beams. 50um (isotropic) 3D dosimetry was performed using an in‐house optical‐CT system designed and optimized for high resolution imaging (including a stray light deconvolution correction). The percentage depth dose (PDD), peak‐to‐valley ratio (PVR) and beam width (FWHM) data were obtained and analyzed in both cases.Results:High resolution 3D images were successfully achieved with the prototype system, enabling extraction of PDD and dose profiles. The PDDs for the CNT irradiation showed pronounced attenuation, but less build‐up effect than that from the multibeam irradiation. The beam spacing between the three strips has an average value of 0.9mm while that for the 13 strips is 1.5 mm at a depth of 16.5 mm. The stray light corrected image shows line profiles with reduced noise and consistent PVR values.Conclusion:MRT dosimetry is extremely challenging due to the ultra small fields involved. This preliminary application of a novel, ultra‐high resolution, optical‐CT 3D dosimetry system shows promise, but further work is required to validate and investigate accuracy and artifacts.This work was supported by NIH R01CA100835
SU‐C‐BRE‐06: Radiobiological Advantage of Very Rapid Irradiation
Authors: Rafat M , Bazalova M , Palma B , Kozak M , Jiang D , Dunning M , McCormick D , Nelson J , Hemsing E , Lartey F , Graves E , Koong A , Maxim P , Loo B 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:To characterize the effect of very rapid dose delivery as compared to conventional therapeutic irradiation times on clonogenic cell survival.Methods:We used a Varian Trilogy linear accelerator to deliver doses up to 10 Gy using a 6 MV SRS photon beam. We irradiated four cancer cell lines in times ranging from 30 sec to 30 min. We also used a Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator to deliver 9 MeV electrons at 10 Gy in 10 s to 30 min to determine the effect of irradiation time on cell survival. We then evaluated the effect of using 60 and 120 MeV electrons on cell survival using the Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA) beam line at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. During irradiation, adherent cells were maintained at 37oC with 20%O2/5%CO2. Clonogenic assays were completed following irradiation to determine changes in cell survival due to dose delivery time and beam quality, and the survival data were fitted with the linear‐quadratic model.Results:Cell lines varied in radiosensitivity, ranging from two to four logs of cell kill at 10 Gy for both conventional and very rapid irradiation. Delivering radiation in shorter times decreased survival in all cell lines. Log differences in cell kill ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 at 10 Gy for the short compared to the long irradiation time. Cell kill differences between short and long irradiations were more pronounced as doses increased for all cell lines.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that shortening delivery of therapeutic radiation doses to less than 1 minute may improve tumor cell kill. This study demonstrates the potential advantage of technologies under development to deliver stereotactic ablative radiation doses very rapidly.Bill Loo and Peter Maxim have received Honoraria from Varian and Research Support from Varian and RaySearch.
SU‐C‐BRD‐05: Implementation of Incident Learning in the Safety and Quality Management of Radiotherapy: The Primary Experience in a New Established Program with Advanced Techniques
Authors: Yang R , Wang J 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:To explore the implementation and effectiveness of incident learning for the safety and quality of radiotherapy in a new established radiotherapy program with advanced technology.Methods:Reference to the consensus recommendations by American Association of Physicist in Medicine, an incident learning system was specifically designed for reporting, investigating, and learning of individual radiotherapy incidents in a new established radiotherapy program, with 4D CBCT, Ultrasound guided radiotherapy, VMAT, gated treatment delivered on two new installed linacs. The incidents occurring in external beam radiotherapy from February, 2012 to January, 2014 were reported.Results:A total of 33 reports were analyzed, including 28 near misses and 5 incidents. Among them, 5 originated in imaging for planning, 25 in planning, 1 in plan transfer, 1 in commissioning and 1 in treatment delivery. Among them, three near misses originated in the safety barrier of the radiotherapy process. In terms of error type, 1 incident was classified as wrong patient, 7 near misses/incidents as wrong site, 6 as wrong laterality, 5 as wrong dose, 7 as wrong prescription, and 7 as suboptimal plan quality. 5 incidents were all classified as grade 1/2 of dosimetric severity, 1 as grade 0, and the other 4 as grade 1 of medical severity. For the causes/contributory factors, negligence, policy not followed, inadequate training, failure to develop an effective plan, and communication contributed to 19, 15, 12, 5 and 3 near misses/incidents, respectively. The average incident rate per 100 patients treated was 0.4; this rate fell to 0.28% in the second year from 0.56% in the first year. The rate of near miss fell to 1.24% from 2.22%.Conclusion:Effective incident learning can reduce the occurrence of near miss/incidents, enhance the culture of safety. Incident learning is an effective proactive method for improving the quality and safety of radiotherapy.
SU‐C‐BRF‐07: A Pattern Fusion Algorithm for Multi‐Step Ahead Prediction of Surrogate Motion
Authors: Zawisza I , Yan H , Yin F 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:To assure that tumor motion is within the radiation field during high‐dose and high‐precision radiosurgery, real‐time imaging and surrogate monitoring are employed. These methods are useful in providing real‐time tumor/surrogate motion but no future information is available. In order to anticipate future tumor/surrogate motion and track target location precisely, an algorithm is developed and investigated for estimating surrogate motion multiple‐steps ahead.Methods:The study utilized a one‐dimensional surrogate motion signal divided into three components: (a) training component containing the primary data including the first frame to the beginning of the input subsequence; (b) input subsequence component of the surrogate signal used as input to the prediction algorithm: (c) output subsequence component is the remaining signal used as the known output of the prediction algorithm for validation. The prediction algorithm consists of three major steps: (1) extracting subsequences from training component which best‐match the input subsequence according to given criterion; (2) calculating weighting factors from these best‐matched subsequence; (3) collecting the proceeding parts of the subsequences and combining them together with assigned weighting factors to form output. The prediction algorithm was examined for several patients, and its performance is assessed based on the correlation between prediction and known output.Results:Respiratory motion data was collected for 20 patients using the RPM system. The output subsequence is the last 50 samples (∼2 seconds) of a surrogate signal, and the input subsequence was 100 (∼3 seconds) frames prior to the output subsequence. Based on the analysis of correlation coefficient between predicted and known output subsequence, the average correlation is 0.9644±0.0394 and 0.9789±0.0239 for equal‐weighting and relative‐weighting strategies, respectively.Conclusion:Preliminary results indicate that the prediction algorithm is effective in estimating surrogate motion multiple‐steps in advance. Relative‐weighting method shows better prediction accuracy than equal‐weighting method. More parameters of this algorithm are under investigation.
SU‐C‐17A‐01: MRI‐Based Radiotherapy Treatment Planning In Pelvis
Authors: Hsu S , Cao Y , Jolly S , Balter J 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:To support radiotherapy dose calculation, synthetic CT (MRCT) image volumes need to represent the electron density of tissues with sufficient accuracy. This study compares CT and MRCT for pelvic radiotherapy.Methods:CT and multi‐contrast MRI acquired using T1‐ based Dixon, T2 TSE, and PETRA sequences were acquired on an IRBapproved protocol patient. A previously published method was used to create a MRCT image volume by applying fuzzy classification on T1‐ weighted and calculated water image volumes (air and fluid voxels were excluded using thresholds applied to PETRA and T2‐weighted images). The correlation of pelvic bone intensity between CT and MRCT was investigated. Two treatment plans, based on CT and MRCT, were performed to mimic treatment for: (a) pelvic bone metastasis with a 16MV parallel beam arrangement, and (b) gynecological cancer with 6MV volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using two full arcs. The CT‐calculated fluence maps were used to recalculate doses using the MRCT‐derived density grid. The dose‐volume histograms and dose distributions were compared.Results:Bone intensities in the MRCT volume correlated linearly with CT intensities up to 800 HU (containing 96% of the bone volume), and then decreased with CT intensity increase (4% volume). There was no significant difference in dose distributions between CT‐ and MRCTbased plans, except for the rectum and bladder, for which the V45 differed by 15% and 9%, respectively. These differences may be attributed to normal and visualized organ movement and volume variations between CT and MR scans.Conclusion:While MRCT had lower bone intensity in highly‐dense bone, this did not cause significant dose deviations from CT due to its small percentage of volume. These results indicate that treatment planning using MRCT could generate comparable dose distributions to that using CT, and further demonstrate the feasibility of using MRI‐alone to support Radiation Oncology workflow.NIH R01EB016079
SU‐C‐17A‐02: Sirius MRI Markers for Prostate Post‐Implant Assessment: MR Protocol Development
Authors: Lim T , Wang J , Kudchadker R , Stafford R , Bathala T , Pugh T , Ibbott G , Frank S 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:Currently, CT is used to visualize prostate brachytherapy sources, at the expense of accurate structure contouring. MRI is superior to CT for anatomical delineation, but the sources appear as voids on MRI images. Previously we have developed Sirius MRI markers (C4 Imaging) to replace spacers to assist source localization on MRI images. Here we develop an MRI pulse sequence protocol that enhances the signal of these markers to enable MRI‐only post‐implant prostate dosimetric analysis.Methods:To simulate a clinical scenario, a CIRS multi‐modality prostate phantom was implanted with 66 markers and 86 sources. The implanted phantom was imaged on both 1.5T and 3.0T GE scanners under various conditions, different pulse sequences (2D fast spin echo [FSE], 3D balanced steadystate free precession [bSSFP] and 3D fast spoiled gradient echo [FSPGR]), as well as varying amount of padding to simulate various patient sizes and associated signal fall‐off from the surface coil elements. Standard FSE sequences from the current clinical protocols were also evaluated. Marker visibility, marker size, intra‐marker distance, total scan time and artifacts were evaluated for various combinations of echo time, repetition time, flip angle, number of excitations, bandwidth, slice thickness and spacing, fieldof‐ view, frequency/phase encoding steps and frequency direction.Results:We have developed a 3D FSPGR pulse sequence that enhances marker signal and ensures the integrity of the marker shape while maintaining reasonable scan time. For patients contraindicated for 3.0T, we have also developed a similar sequence for 1.5T scanners. Signal fall‐off with distance from prostate to coil can be compensated mainly by decreasing bandwidth. The markers are not visible using standard FSE sequences. FSPGR sequences are more robust for consistent marker visualization as compared to bSSFP sequences.Conclusion:The developed MRI pulse sequence protocol for Sirius MRI markers assists source localization to enable MRIonly post‐implant prostate dosimetric analysis.S.J. Frank is a co‐founder of C4 Imaging (manufactures the MRI markers).
SU‐C‐17A‐03: Evaluation of Deformable Image Registration Methods Between MRI and CT for Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy
Authors: Wen N , Glide‐Hurst C , Zhong H , Chin K , Kumarasiri A , Liu C , Liu M , Siddiqui S 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:We evaluated the performance of two commercially available and one open source B‐Spline deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms between T2‐weighted MRI and treatment planning CT using the DICE indices.Methods:CT simulation (CT‐SIM) and MR simulation (MR‐SIM) for four prostate cancer patients were conducted on the same day using the same setup and immobilization devices. CT images (120 kVp, 500 mAs, voxel size = 1.1×1.1×3.0 mm3) were acquired using an open‐bore CT scanner. T2‐weighted Turbo Spine Echo (T2W‐TSE) images (TE/TR/α = 80/4560 ms/90°, voxel size = 0.7×0.7×2.5 mm3) were scanned on a 1.0T high field open MR‐SIM. Prostates, seminal vesicles, rectum and bladders were delineated on both T2W‐TSE and CT images by the attending physician. T2W‐TSE images were registered to CT images using three DIR algorithms, SmartAdapt (Varian), Velocity AI (Velocity) and Elastix (Klein et al 2010) and contours were propagated. DIR results were evaluated quantitatively or qualitatively by image comparison and calculating organ DICE indices.Results:Significant differences in the contours of prostate and seminal vesicles were observed between MR and CT. On average, volume changes of the propagated contours were 5%, 2%, 160% and 8% for the prostate, seminal vesicles, bladder and rectum respectively. Corresponding mean DICE indices were 0.7, 0.5, 0.8, and 0.7. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.9 among three algorithms for the Dice indices.Conclusion:Three DIR algorithms for CT/MR registration yielded similar results for organ propagation. Due to the different soft tissue contrasts between MRI and CT, organ delineation of prostate and SVs varied significantly, thus efforts to develop other DIR evaluation metrics are warranted.Conflict of interest: Submitting institution has research agreements with Varian Medical System and Philips Healthcare.
Genome Analysis of a Tembusu Virus, GX2013H, Isolated from a Cheery Valley Duck in Guangxi, China
Authors: Xie Zhixun , Zeng Tingting , Xie Liji , Deng Xianwen , Xie Zhiqin , Liu Jiabo , Fan Qing , Pang Yaoshan , Luo Sisi 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
We report here the complete genome sequence of a duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) strain, GX2013H, isolated from a duck from Cheery Valley in the Guangxi Province of southern China in 2013. We obtained the strain GX2013H from a Cheery Valley duck with severely decreased egg production and neurological signs. The genome of GX2013H is 10,990 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains a single open reading frame encoding a putative polyprotein of 3,425 amino acids (aa). A comparison of the complete sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of GX2013H with published sequences of 15 other chicken anemia viruses from China showed that the homologies of the nucleotides are approximately 96.5% to 97.5% and the homologies of the deduced amino acid sequences are approximately 98.9% to 99.3%. This report will help to understand the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of TMUV in Guangxi.
Draft Genome Sequence of Environmental Vibrio cholerae 2012EL-1759 with Similarities to the V. cholerae O1 Classical Biotype
Authors: Katz Lee S. , Turnsek Maryann , Kahler Amy , Hill Vincent R. , Boyd E. Fidelma , Tarr Cheryl L. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Vibrio cholerae
2012EL-1759 is an environmental isolate from Haiti that was recovered in 2012 during a cholera outbreak. The genomic backbone is similar to that of the prototypical
V. cholerae
O1 classical biotype strain O395, and it carries the
Vibrio
pathogenicity islands (VPI-1 and VPI-2) and a cholera toxin (CTX) prephage.
Draft Genome Sequence of Weissella oryzae SG25
T
, Isolated from Fermented Rice Grains
Authors: Tanizawa Yasuhiro , Fujisawa Takatomo , Mochizuki Takako , Kaminuma Eli , Suzuki Yutaka , Nakamura Yasukazu , Tohno Masanori 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Weissella oryzae
was originally isolated from fermented rice grains. Here we report the draft genome sequence of the type strain of
W. oryzae
. This first report on the genomic sequence of this species may help identify the mechanisms underlying bacterial adaptation to the ecological niche of fermented rice grains.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Brazilian
Cyanobium
sp. Strain CACIAM 14
Authors: Lima Alex Ranieri Jerônimo , Siqueira Andrei Santos , dos Santos Bruno Garcia Simões , da Silva Fábio Daniel Florêncio , Lima Clayton Pereira , Cardoso Jedson Ferreira , Vianez Júnior João Lídio da Silva Gonçalves , Dall'Agnol Leonardo Teixeira , McCulloch John Anthony , Nunes Márcio Roberto Teixeira , Gonçalves Evonnildo Costa 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Given the scarcity of data pertaining to whole-genome sequences of cyanobacterial strains isolated in Brazil, we hereby present the draft genome sequence of the
Cyanobium
sp. strain CACIAM 14, isolated in southeastern Amazonia.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Bordetella bronchiseptica Swine Isolate KM22
Authors: Nicholson Tracy L. , Shore Sarah M. , Bayles Darrell O. , Register Karen B. , Kingsley Robert A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Bordetella bronchiseptica
swine isolate KM22 has been used in experimental infections of swine as a model of clinical
B. bronchiseptica
infections within swine herds and to study host-to-host transmission. Here we report the draft genome sequence of KM22.
First Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus xylosus, a Meat Starter Culture and a Host to Propagate Staphylococcus aureus Phages
Authors: Labrie Simon J. , El Haddad Lynn , Tremblay Denise M. , Plante Pier-Luc , Wasserscheid Jessica , Dumaresq Jeannot , Dewar Ken , Corbeil Jacques , Moineau Sylvain 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus xylosus
is a bacterial species used in meat fermentation and a commensal microorganism found on animals. We present the first complete circular genome from this species. The genome is composed of 2,757,557 bp, with a G+C content of 32.9%, and contains 2,514 genes and 79 structural RNAs.
Medicines management support to older people: understanding the context of systems failure
Authors: Rogers Stephen , Martin Graham , Rai Gurcharan 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesChanging demographics and pressures on the healthcare system mean that more older people with complex medical problems need to be supported in primary and community care settings. The challenge of managing medicines effectively in frail elderly patients is considerable. Our research investigates what can go wrong and why, and seeks insight into the context that might set the scene for system failure.SettingNorth London; a district general hospital and surrounding health authorities.Participants7 patients who had been admitted to hospital and 16 informants involved in their care.DesignPatients with preventable medication-related admissions were identified in an occurrence screening study. An accident investigation approach was used to create case studies from accounts of staff involved in each patient's care prior to their admission. Structured analysis of case studies according to the accident investigation approach was complemented by a separate analysis of interviews using open coding with constant comparison to identify and illustrate higher-level contextual themes.OutcomesThe study sheds light on care management problems, their causes and the context in which care management problems and their causes have occurred.ResultsCare management problems were rooted in issues with decision-making, information support and communications among staff members and between staff, patients and carers. Poor judgement, slips and deviations from best practice were attributed to task overload and complexity. Within general practice, at the interface with community services and with hospitals, we identified disruption to traditional intraprofessional and interprofessional roles, assumptions, channels and media of communication which together created conditions that might compromise patient safety.ConclusionsNew ways of working driven by the ethos of productivity are disrupting traditional intraprofessional and interprofessional roles, assumptions, channels and media of communication. Concomitant improvements in communications technology, process and protocol are urgently required to offset potentially serious risks to patient safety.
Factors associated with failure of enhanced recovery protocol in patients undergoing major hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Anna , Chiu Chun Hung , Cho Mui Wai Amy , Gomersall Charles David , Lee Kit Fai , Cheung Yue Sun , Lai Paul Bo San 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveThis study examined the risk factors associated with failure of enhanced recovery protocol after major hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HBP) surgery.Setting and participantsA retrospective cohort of 194 adult patients undergoing major HBP surgery at a university hospital in Hong Kong was followed up for 30 days. The patients were from a larger cohort study of 736 consecutive adults with preoperative urinary cotinine concentration to examine the association between passive smoking and risk of perioperative respiratory complications and postoperative morbidities.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was failure of enhanced recovery protocol. This was defined as a composite measure of the following events: intensive care unit (ICU) stay more than 24 h after surgery, unplanned admission to ICU within 30 days after surgery, hospital readmission, reoperation and mortality.ResultsThere were 25 failures of enhanced recovery after HBP surgery (12.9%, 95% CI 8.5% to 18.4%). After adjusting for elective ICU admission, smokers (relative risk (RR ) 2.21, 95% CI 1.10 to 4.46), high preoperative alanine transaminase/glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (RR 3.55,95% CI 1.68 to 7.49) and postoperative morbidities (RR 2.69, 95% CI 1.30 to 5.56) were associated with failures of enhanced recovery in the generalised estimating equation risk model. Compared with those managed successfully, failures stayed longer in ICU (median 19 vs 25 h, p<0.001) and in hospital for postoperative care (median 7 vs 13 days, p=0.003).ConclusionsSmokers and patients having high preoperative alanine transaminase/glutamic-pyruvic transaminase concentration or have a high risk of postoperative morbidities are likely to fail enhanced recovery protocol in HBP surgery programmes.