bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El cómo y el porqué de las interjecciones derivadas de los verbos de movimiento
Authors: Tanghe Sanne 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
En los últimos años han proliferado los estudios sobre todo lo que concierne a las interjecciones. No obstante, la mayoría de esos estudios trata de descripciones funcionales o sintácticas de las interjecciones. En este artículo vamos más allá y mostraremos que no es casualidad que las formas verbales anda, vamos, vaya y venga han desarrollado usos interjectivos. Además, se intenta demostrar que estos usos se dejan justificar por el comportamiento semántico-pragmático de las formas verbales originarias. De esta manera, nuestro estudio basado en un corpus coloquial se propone relevar, en primer lugar, los aspectos semántico-pragmáticos de las formas verbales mantenidos en sus usos interjectivos y, luego, trataremos de explicitar las extensiones metafóricas que dan cuenta del desarrollo de estas formas verbales hacia la categoría de las interjecciones.
Die Romanica im Thesaurus linguae Latinae
Authors: Crifò Francesco , Schweickard Wolfgang 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Der Beitrag informiert über den Stand der Redaktion des Thesaurus linguae Latinae sowie über Grundlagen und Perspektiven der Kooperation von Latinisten und Romanisten am Beispiel der Sektion der «Romanica».
Sensory Rewiring in an Echolocator: Genome-Wide Modification of Retinogenic and Auditory Genes in the Bat Myotis davidii
Authors: Hudson Nicholas J , Baker Michelle L , Hart Nathan S , Wynne James W , Gu Quan , Huang Zhiyong , Zhang Guojie , Ingham Aaron B , Wang Linfa , Reverter Antonio 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Bats comprise 20% of all mammalian species and display a number of characteristics, including true flight, echolocation, and a heightened ability to resist viral load that uniquely position this group for comparative genomic studies. Here we searched for evidence of genomic variation consistent with sensory rewiring through bat evolution. We focused on two species with divergent sensory preferences. Myotis davidii is a bat species that echolocates and possesses dim- but not daylight-adapted vision whereas the black flying fox (Pteropus alecto) has highly developed day vision but does not echolocate. Using the naked mole rat as a reference, we found five functional genes (CYP1A2, RBP3, GUCY2F, CRYBB1, and GRK7) encoding visual proteins that have degenerated into pseudogenes in M. davidii but not P. alecto. In a second approach genome-wide codon usage bias (CUB) was compared between the two bat species. This CUB ranking systematically enriched for vision-related (CLN8, RD3, IKZF1, LAMC3, CRX, SOX8, VAX2, HPS1, RHO, PRPH2, and SOX9) and hearing-related (TPRN, TMIE, SLC52A3, OTOF, WFS1, SOD1, TBX18, MAP1A, OTOS, GPX1, and USH1G) machinery in M. davidii but not P. alecto. All vision and hearing genes selectively enriched in M. davidii for which orthologs could be identified also were more biased in the echolocating M. lucifugus than the nonecholocating P. vampyrus. We suggest that the existence of codon bias in vision- and hearing-related genes in a species that has evolved echolocation implies CUB is part of evolution’s toolkit to rewire sensory systems. We propose that the two genetic changes (pseudogene formation and CUB) collectively paint a picture of that incorporates a combination of destruction and gain-of-function. Together, they help explain how natural selection has reduced physiological costs associated with the development of a smaller eye poorly adapted to day vision but that also contribute to enhanced dim light vision and the hearing adaptations consonant with echolocation.
Gene Expression in the Skin of Dogs Sensitized to the House Dust Mite Dermatophagoides farinae
Authors: Schamber Paz , Schwab-Richards Rachel , Bauersachs Stefan , Mueller Ralf S 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial allergic skin disease in humans and dogs. Genetic predisposition, immunologic hyperreactivity, a defective skin barrier, and environmental factors play a role in its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze gene expression in the skin of dogs sensitized to house dust mite antigens. Skin biopsy samples were collected from six sensitized and six nonsensitized Beagle dogs before and 6 hr and 24 hr after challenge using skin patches with allergen or saline as a negative control. Transcriptome analysis was performed by the use of DNA microarrays and expression of selected genes was validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Expression data were compared between groups (unpaired design). After 24 hr, 597 differentially expressed genes were detected, 361 with higher and 226 with lower mRNA concentrations in allergen-treated skin of sensitized dogs compared with their saline-treated skin and compared with the control specimens. Functional annotation clustering and pathway- and co-citation analysis showed that the genes with increased expression were involved in inflammation, wound healing, and immune response. In contrast, genes with decreased expression in sensitized dogs were associated with differentiation and barrier function of the skin. Because the sensitized dogs did not show differences in the untreated skin compared with controls, inflammation after allergen patch test probably led to a decrease in the expression of genes important for barrier formation. Our results further confirm the similar pathophysiology of human and canine atopic dermatitis and revealed genes previously not known to be involved in canine atopic dermatitis.
Endogenous Retrovirus Insertion in theKITOncogene DeterminesWhiteandWhite spottingin Domestic Cats
Authors: David Victor A , Menotti-Raymond Marilyn , Wallace Andrea Coots , Roelke Melody , Kehler James , Leighty Robert , Eizirik Eduardo , Hannah Steven S , Nelson George , Schäffer Alejandro A , Connelly Catherine J , O’Brien Stephen J , Ryugo David K 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Dominant White locus (W) in the domestic cat demonstrates pleiotropic effects exhibiting complete penetrance for absence of coat pigmentation and incomplete penetrance for deafness and iris hypopigmentation. We performed linkage analysis using a pedigree segregating White to identify KIT (Chr. B1) as the feline W locus. Segregation and sequence analysis of the KIT gene in two pedigrees (P1 and P2) revealed the remarkable retrotransposition and evolution of a feline endogenous retrovirus (FERV1) as responsible for two distinct phenotypes of the W locus, Dominant White, and white spotting. A full-length (7125 bp) FERV1 element is associated with white spotting, whereas a FERV1 long terminal repeat (LTR) is associated with all Dominant White individuals. For purposes of statistical analysis, the alternatives of wild-type sequence, FERV1 element, and LTR-only define a triallelic marker. Taking into account pedigree relationships, deafness is genetically linked and associated with this marker; estimated P values for association are in the range of 0.007 to 0.10. The retrotransposition interrupts a DNAase I hypersensitive site in KIT intron 1 that is highly conserved across mammals and was previously demonstrated to regulate temporal and tissue-specific expression of KIT in murine hematopoietic and melanocytic cells. A large-population genetic survey of cats (n = 270), representing 30 cat breeds, supports our findings and demonstrates statistical significance of the FERV1 LTR and full-length element with Dominant White/blue iris (P &lt; 0.0001) and white spotting (P &lt; 0.0001), respectively.
Mild Prematurity, Proximal Social Processes, and Development
Authors: Brown Hilary K. , Speechley Kathy Nixon , Macnab Jennifer , Natale Renato , Campbell M. Karen 
Published: August 2014

OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the role of gestational age in determining the risk of poor developmental outcomes among children born late preterm (34–36 weeks) and early term (37–38 weeks) versus full term (39–41 weeks) by examining the contribution of gestational age to these outcomes in the context of proximal social processes.METHODS:This was an analysis of the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. Developmental outcomes were examined at 2 to 3 (N = 15 099) and 4 to 5 years (N = 12 302). The sample included singletons, delivered at 34 to 41 weeks, whose respondents were their biological mothers. Multivariable modified Poisson regression was used to directly estimate adjusted relative risks (aRRs). We assessed the role of parenting by using moderation analyses.RESULTS:In unadjusted analyses, children born late preterm appeared to have greater risk for developmental delay (relative risk = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.56) versus full term. In adjusted analyses, results were nonsignificant at 2 to 3 years (late preterm aRR = 1.13; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.42; early term aRR = 1.11; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.27) and 4 to 5 years (late preterm aRR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.43; early term aRR = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.25). Parenting did not modify the effect of gestational age but was a strong predictor of poor developmental outcomes.CONCLUSIONS:Our findings show that, closer to full term, social factors (not gestational age) may be the most important influences on development.
Cognitive Delay and Behavior Problems Prior to School Age
Authors: Cheng Erika Rose , Palta Mari , Kotelchuck Milton , Poehlmann Julie , Witt Whitney P. 
Published: August 2014

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between cognitive delay (CD) and behavior problems between ages 9 months and 5 years, while adjusting for covariates related to CD.METHODS:Data were from 4 waves of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (n = 8000). Children were classified as typically developing (TD) or as having resolved, newly developed, or persistent CD between 9 and 24 months, based on scores from the Bayley Short Form-Research Edition below or above the 10th percentile. Child behavior was measured by using the Infant/Toddler Symptom Checklist (ages 9 and 24 months) and the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales (ages 4 and 5 years); children in the top 10th percentile were considered to have a behavior problem. Hierarchical linear modeling estimated the effect of CD status on children’s behavioral trajectories, adjusted for confounders.RESULTS:CD resolved for 80.3% of children between 9 and 24 months. Behavior problems at 24 months were detected in 19.3%, 21.8%, and 35.5% of children with resolved, newly developed, and persistent CD, respectively, versus 13.0% of TD children. Behavior problems increased among children with CD over time, and more so among children with persistent CD. By age 5, children with persistent CD had behavior scores moderately (0.59 SD) higher than TD children.CONCLUSIONS:Behavior problems among children with CD are slightly higher at 9 months, clearly evident by 24 months, and increase as children move toward school age. Efforts to promote the earliest identification, evaluation, and service referral may be necessary to improve outcomes for these children.
Structural Characterization of a Plutonium Sequestering Agent Complex by Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Gorden Anne E. V. , Szigethy G. , Shuh D. K. , Tiedemann B. E. F. , Xu J. , Raymond K. N. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNew ligands and materials are required that can coordinate, sense, and purify actinides for selective extraction and reduction of toxic, radioactive wastes from the mining and purification of actinides. The similarities in the chemical, biological transport, and distribution properties of Fe(III) and Pu(IV) inspired a biomimetic approach to the development of sequestering agents for actinides. A detailed evaluation of the structure and bonding of actinide coordinating ligands like these is important for the design of new selective ligand systems. Knowing the difficulty with working with the crystals resulting from these ligand systems and safe handling considerations for working with Pu, procedures were developed that utilize the Advanced Light Source of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to determine the solid-state structures of Pu complexes by X-ray diffraction.
Evaluation and Investigation of Miscible Flood in Kuwait - Case Study
Authors: Alajmi Abdullah , Algharaib Meshal , Gharbi Ridha , Alenezi Huda , AlMatar Bader , Al-Enezi Khalaf 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
As reservoirs approach maturity, the understanding and implementation of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques become essential to meet the world growing oil demand. EOR processes involve the displacement of one fluid by another. The major EOR methods in the petroleum industry include thermal, miscible and chemical processes. Miscible displacement methods involve the injection of solvents that will inter-mix with the reservoir oil to increase its mobility and reduce the oil saturation to low values in the swept zone of an oil reservoir. This work is part of Kuwait strong focus on EOR applications in Kuwaiti reservoirs to maximize the hydrocarbon recovery factors for a sustainable growth in oil production. This study is an experimental study that evaluates and investigates the miscible flood performance in Kuwait. An oil formation was selected as a candidate reservoir for this study after conducting EOR screening criteria. Core and fluid samples were collected and their properties were evaluated. Slim tube experiments were conducted to measure the oil minimum miscibility pressure with CO2. Coreflooding experiments were conducted to evaluate the recovery factor from different injection scenarios. The experimental injection scenarios included the effect of several design parameters including WAG ratio, number of cycle per WAG and the total slug size. These parameters showed different effects on the recovery factor. Optimum injection scenario was obtained which gave the highest recovery factor (WAG 1:2, number of cycle 2 and total slug size 0.4PV). In this study, the in-situ miscibility achievement was quantified and evaluated at different injection scenarios. The outcomes of this work provide valuable information for future miscible flood field implementation.
Optimization of the Brass Melting
Authors: Biernat S. , Bydałek A.W. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The article describes the optimization of the melting brass. Brasses, as one of the most popular alloys of copper, deserve special attention in the context of the processes of melting, which in turn would provide not only products of better quality, but also reduce the cost of their production or refining. For this purpose, several studies carried out deriatographic (DTA) and thermogravimetric (TG) using derivatograph. The results were confronted with the program SLAG - PROP used to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the coatings extraction. Based on the survey and analysis of the program can identify the most favorable physico - chemical properties, which should be carried out treatments. This allows for slag mixtures referred configurations oxide matrix containing specific stimulators of the reaction. Conducted empirical studies indicate a convergence of the areas proposed by the application. It should also be noted that the program also indicates additional areas in which to carry out these processes would get even better, to optimize the melting process, the results.
The Role of Carbon in the Mechanism of Ferritic-Austenitic Cast Steel Solidification
Authors: Stradomski G. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the results of research on the microstructure of GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3 and GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3 cast steels with a varying carbon content. The cause for undertaking the research were technological problems with hot cracking in bulk castings of duplex cast steel with a carbon content of approx. 0.06% and with 23% Cr, 8.5% Ni, 3% Mo and 2.4% Cu. The research has shown a significant effect of increased carbon content on the ferrite and austenite microstructure morphology, while exceeding the carbon content of 0.06% results in a change of the shape of primary grains from equiaxial to columnar.
A Study of Effects of Precipitation Hardening of Low-Alloy Copper-Nickel Spheroidal Cast Iron
Authors: Szykowny T. , Giętka T. , Romanowski Ł. , Trepczyńska-Łent M. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
One type of spheroidal cast iron, with additions of 0.51% Cu and 0.72% Ni, was subjected to precipitation hardening. Assuming that the greatest increase in hardness after the shortest time of ageing is facilitated by chemical homogenisation and fragmentation of cast iron grain matrix, precipitation hardening after pre-normalisation was executed. Hardness (HB), microhardness (HV), qualitative and quantitative metalographic (LM, SEM) and X-ray structural (XRD) tests were performed. The acquired result of 13.2% increase in hardness after ca. 5-hour ageing of pre-normalised cast iron confirmed the assumption.
Analysis of the Possibility of Using Dynamic Methods for Assessment of Investment Projects in the Domestic Foundry Industry
Authors: Szymszal J. , Lis T. , Gajdzik B. , Kliś J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A comparative analysis involving the evaluation of the effectiveness of investment projects can be based on various rules indicating selection of the most favorable decisions. The dynamic methods for assessment of investment projects discussed in this article, which consider the possibility of modifying the predetermined investment options, are quite complex and difficult to implement. They are used both in the construction phase of the new company, as well as in its subsequent modernization. The assessments should be characterized by a high coefficient of the economic efficiency. The, observed in practice, high dynamic variability of both the external and internal conditions under which the company operates is the reason why in the process of calculating the economic efficiency of investment projects, there is a significant number of random parameters affected by high uncertainty and risk. Investments in the metallurgical industry are characterized by a relatively long cycle of implementation and operation. These are capital-intensive projects and often mistakenly taken investment decisions end in failure of the investment project and, consequently, in the collapse of the company. In addition, the applied methods of risk assessment of investment projects, especially the dynamic ones, should be fully understood by managerial staff and constitute an easy to use, yet accurate tool for improving the efficiency of the company.
Statistical Relationship between Selected Physicochemical Properties of Peaty-Muck Soils and their Fraction of Humic Acids
Authors: Boguta Patrycja , Sokołowska Zofia 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Influence of humic acids on soil environment is still subject of scientific discussions. The aim of above studies was to investigate the relationships between selected physicochemical properties of eleven peaty-muck soils and properties of humic acids isolated from these soils. The following parameters were determined for soils: total and organic carbon, density, ash, humification, and the water absorption index. Humic acids were described by: absorbance at 280 nm, absorbance ratios at 465 and 665 nm, at 260 and 665 nm, elemental composition and atomic ratios: H/C, O/H, O/C, C/N, the degree of internal oxidation, and the content of carboxylic and phenolic groups. Statistical analyses showed that an increase in density, humification, and water absorption indices of soils caused a significant increase in the humic acid parameters: absorbance at 280 nm, the oxygen content, O/H, O/C ratios, internal oxidation degree, and functional groups. Statistically significant negative correlations were found for the same parameters of soils and for the hydrogen and carbon content as well as the H/C ratio of humic acids. The relationships showed that there was a possibility to express the properties of humic acids on the basis of more simple parameters measured for soil and without time-consuming isolation of humic acids.
Comparative Non-linear Regression - Case of Infiltration Rate Increase from Upstream in Valley
Authors: Keita Amadou , Yacouba Hamma , Hayde Laszlo G. , Schultz Bart 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In Tropical Savannah flooded valley soils, very low infiltration rates often result in acidic conditions favourable to high concentrations of metallic ions, toxic for rice. Determination of the under-phreatic infiltration rate is important in drainage design to reclaim degraded soils. Several studies have addressed the mapping of the infiltration rate. Yet, its relationship with the toposequence of the valley is not clarified. This paper has investigated such a possibility, examining the case of the irrigated rice valley of Tiefora, Burkina Faso. Nine boreholes – from 1 to 5 m deep – were implemented from upstream to downstream. The Lefranc permeability test of the under-phreatic level in waterlogged soils – used when the impervious layer is close to soil surface or absent – was conducted. First, a comparative regression was applied to the data, including all the parameters of the regression curves. In the case of dissimilarity of the infiltration processes, the comparison focused on the final permeability. The results show a permeability increase from upstream (0.10±0.10cmh-1)todownstream (greater than 20±10 cm h-1 in some places). Taking into account such a permeability increase in the subsurface drainage system design would result in implementation of more efficient and cost effective systems.
Automatic Non-destructive Quality Inspection System for Oil Palm Fruits
Authors: Makky Muhammad , Soni Peeyush , Salokhe Vilas M. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In this research a non-destructive, rapid and cost effective examination machine for the estimation of the ripeness fraction, oil content and free fatty acid level in oil palm fresh fruits bunch was developed. The automatic machine-vision based inspection system provided consistency, rapid estimation and acceptable accuracy results in non-destructive manner. Fresh fruits bunch samples from Tenera cultivar (7 to 20 years trees) were taken from Cimulang plantation, Bogor, Indonesia. Two statistical analysis methods were used: a forward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis and a multilayer-perceptron artificial neural network analysis. The best prediction of ripeness and oil content models were obtained using the latter method, while the best free fatty acid prediction model was developed by the first method. The models were then employed in the machine-vision inspection systems of the machine. The system best prediction accuracy of ripeness, oil content and free fatty acid models was 93.5, 96.41, and 89.32%, with standard error of prediction being 0.065, 0.044 and 0.068, respectively. The system was tested through a series of field tests, and successfully examined more than 12 t of fruits bunch per hour, without causing damage.