bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the digits of squares and the distribution of quadratic subsequences of digital sequences
Authors: Hofer Roswitha , Larcher Gerhard , Zellinger Heidrun 
Published: October 2012

Let

q
q

be a prime and

γ
=
(

γ
0

,

γ
1

,

γ
2

,

…
)

\gamma =(\gamma _0,\,\gamma _1,\,\gamma _2,\,\dots )

with

γ
i

∈
{
0
,

…
,

q
−
1
}

\gamma _i\in \{0,\,\dots ,\,q-1\}

and

γ
i

=
0

\gamma _i=0

for

i
≥

i
0

i\geq i_0

be a weight sequence.

We study

lim

N
→
∞

#

{
0
≤
n
>
N

|

s

q
,
γ

(

n
2

)
≡
d

(
mod
q
)
}

/

N

\lim _{N\rightarrow \infty }{\#\left \{0\leq n> N|s_{q,\gamma }(n^2)\equiv d\,(\text {mod }q)\right \}}/N

with

s

q
,
γ

(

n
2

)

s_{q,\gamma }(n^2)

the weighted sum of digits of

n
2

n^2

in base

q
q

and we use the results to classify the digital sequences

(

x
n

)

n
≥
0

\left (\boldsymbol {x}_n\right )_{n\geq 0}

in the sense of Niederreiter, generated by matrices with finite rows, for which

(

x

n
2

)

n
≥
0

\left (\boldsymbol {x}_{n^2}\right )_{n\geq 0}

is uniformly distributed. Finally we derive an upper bound for the star discrepancy of these uniformly distributed subsequences.
Validation of Seattle Heart Failure Model for mortality risk prediction in patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Regoli François , Scopigni Francesca , Leyva Francisco , Landolina Maurizio , Ghio Stefano , Tritto Massimo , Calò Leonardo , Klersy Catherine , Auricchio Angelo ,   for the collaborative study group
Published: October 2012

AimsSurvival prediction by the Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM) of patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains ill defined. The performance of the SHFM in this clinical setting was therefore evaluated.Methods and resultsData from 1309 consecutive CRT patients (five centres) were collected retrospectively; 1139 of these patients were considered for analysis. Three‐hundred and seven deaths occurred over 40.1 months (interquartile range 25.2–60.0 months; mean event rate 9.7%/year; survival of 89, 81, and 64% at 1, 2, and 5 years). Kaplan–Meier event‐free survival analysis stratified according to tertile of SHFM score was significant (log rank test P < 0.001). High‐risk tertile (T1) survival was 82, 67, and 46% at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Observed compared with SHFM‐predicted survival was 0.11 vs. 0.08, 0.19 vs. 0.16, and 0.36 vs. 0.36, at 1, 2, and 5 years. Model discrimination by c‐statistic was 0.64; the logistic models' area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC‐ROC) of risk tertiles was 0.66, 0.68, and 0.67, at 1, 2, and 5 years. Compared with the other two groups, T1 was globally more compromised. Within the T1 group, independent predictors of death were male gender, ischaemic heart failure aetiology, lower body weight, and CRT pacemaker.ConclusionsSHFM performance was found to be modest, tending to overestimate survival. However, SHFM identified a high‐risk, globally more compromised patient subgroup, hence supporting a comprehensive approach, which should include nutritional, metabolic, and immunological aspects, as well as defibrillator back‐up.
Association between adrenergic receptor genotypes and beta‐blocker dose in heart failure patients: analysis from the HF‐ACTION DNA substudy
Authors: Fiuzat Mona , Neely Megan L. , Starr Aijing Z. , Kraus William E. , Felker G. Michael , Donahue Mark , Adams Kirkwood , Piña Ileana L. , Whellan David , O'Connor Christopher M. 
Published: November 2012

AimsBeta‐blockers reduce morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction. However, there is heterogeneity in the response to these drugs, perhaps due to genetic variations in the β1‐adrenergic receptor (ADRβ1). We examined whether the Arg389Gly polymorphism in ADRβ1 interacts with the dose requirements of beta‐blockers in patients with systolic HF.Methods and resultsHF‐ACTION was a randomized, multicentre trial of ambulatory HF patients with systolic dysfunction who were randomized to exercise training or usual care. A subset of patients provided DNA. The relationships among beta‐blocker dose, ADRβ1–389 genotype, and outcomes were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The interaction between beta‐blocker dose and the ADRβ1–389 genotype was tested. DNA information was available for 957 patients. The alleles did not deviate from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Patients with the ADRβ1–389 Arg/Arg genotype receiving low‐dose beta‐blockers had a two‐fold increase in the risk of death compared with those receiving a high dose (hazard ratio 2.09; P = 0.015); this was not conferred in Gly carriers. There was also an interaction between improvements in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire score and beta‐blocker dose by genotype, suggesting that higher doses of beta‐blockade might be needed to achieve benefit in Arg/Arg genotype patients.ConclusionThere was a gene–dose interaction with the ADRβ1–389 Arg/Arg vs. Gly carrier genotype and beta‐blocker dose, suggesting that patients with the Arg/Arg genotype might require a higher dose of beta‐blockade to achieve a treatment response similar to that of Gly carriers.
Salmon at Sea: Scientific Advances and their Implications for Management: an introduction
Authors: Hansen Lars P. , Hutchinson Peter , Reddin David G. , Windsor Malcolm L. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Hansen, L. P., Hutchinson, P., Reddin, D. G., and Windsor, M. L. 2012. Salmon at Sea: Scientific Advances and their Implications for Management: an introduction. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1533–1537. Concerns about increased mortality of salmon at sea resulted in the development and implementation of a major internationally coordinated, public- and privately funded programme of research, the SALSEA programme. Major research surveys were conducted in the Northeast and Northwest Atlantic in 2008 and 2009, and there was enhanced sampling of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fishery at West Greenland. The findings from these surveys and sampling programmes, and from important new analyses of historical data, stable isotope and genetic stock assignment studies, recent tagging experiments, and other research, were reviewed at an international symposium organized by North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization and ICES and held in La Rochelle, France, 11–13 October 2011. This well-attended symposium, entitled “Salmon at Sea: Scientific Advances and their Implications for Management”, highlighted advances in our understanding of the migration, distribution, and survival of salmon at sea, possible causes of the recent increased mortality, future research priorities, and the management actions that might be undertaken to mitigate the increased mortality of salmon at sea.
Demersal fish biodiversity: species-level indicators and trends-based targets for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive
Authors: Greenstreet Simon P. R. , Rossberg Axel G. , Fox Clive J. , Le Quesne William J. F. , Blasdale Tom , Boulcott Philip , Mitchell Ian , Millar Colin , Moffat Colin F. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Greenstreet, S. P. R., Rossberg, A. G., Fox, C. J., Le Quesne, W. J. F., Blasdale, T., Boulcott, P., Mitchell, I., Millar, C., and Moffat, C. F. 2012. Demersal fish biodiversity: species-level indicators and trends-based targets for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1789–1801. The maintenance of biodiversity is a fundamental theme of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Appropriate indicators to monitor change in biodiversity, along with associated targets representing “good environmental status” (GES), are required to be in place by July 2012. A method for selecting species-specific metrics to fulfil various specified indicator roles is proposed for demersal fish communities. Available data frequently do not extend far enough back in time to allow GES to be defined empirically. In such situations, trends-based targets offer a pragmatic solution. A method is proposed for setting indicator-level targets for the number of species-specific metrics required to meet their trends-based metric-level targets. This is based on demonstrating significant departures from the binomial distribution. The procedure is trialled using North Sea demersal fish survey data. Although fisheries management in the North Sea has improved in recent decades, management goals to stop further decline in biodiversity, and to initiate recovery, are yet to be met.
Lengths at maturity and conversion factors for skates (Rajidae) around the British Isles, with an analysis of data in the literature
Authors: McCully Sophy R. , Scott Finlay , Ellis Jim R. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
McCully, S. R., Scott, F., and Ellis, J. R. 2012. Lengths at maturity and conversion factors for skates (Rajidae) around the British Isles, with an analysis of data in the literature. –ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1812–1822. Biological data on skates (Rajidae) from around the British Isles were collected between 1992 and 2010. The relationship between total length and weight for nine species (Amblyraja radiata, Dipturus batis-complex, Leucoraja fullonica, L. naevus, Raja brachyura, R. clavata, R. microocellata, R. montagui, and R. undulata) are provided for each sex and ICES ecoregion (when significantly different). Conversion factors for disc width to total length are provided. The lengths at first maturity and of the largest immature skates are reported for each sex, and the lengths at 50% maturity are estimated. Spatial differences in the length at maturity of R. clavata (females only) and L. naevus (both sexes) were observed. The lengths at maturity are discussed in relation to the results of earlier studies, and methodological differences are considered to have influenced reputed decreases in the length at maturity. A more standardized approach to collecting and reporting maturity information is required if potential spatial differences and temporal changes are to be investigated.
Environmental effects on recreational squid jigging fishery catches
Authors: Cabanellas-Reboredo Miguel , Alós Josep , Palmer Miquel , Morales-Nin Beatriz 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Cabanellas-Reboredo, M., Alós, J., Palmer, M., and Morales-Nin, B. 2012. Environmental effects on recreational squid jigging fishery catches. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1823–1830. Experimental fishing sessions simulating the operating procedures of the recreational fishery for the European squid that operates at inshore Palma Bay (Balearic Islands, Spain) were conducted to investigate the effects of environmental variables on squid catches. The catch per unit of effort (cpue) of recreational-like jigging sessions showed a seasonal pattern (higher cpue during colder months). Two alternative hypotheses can explain such a pattern. First, squid could migrate inshore during colder months to seek spatio-temporal windows within which the sea temperature maximize spawning success. Second, the timing of the seasonal reproductive peak and the growth rate of any given cohort would result in a higher percentage of squid whose body size is greater than the gear-specific vulnerability threshold during the colder months. The combination of environmental variables that maximized cpue was a low sea surface temperature, a low windspeed, low atmospheric pressure, and days close to the new moon. A specific period of the day, narrowly around sunset, favoured the catches. Within this narrow period, the sunlight is still sufficient to allow the recreational fishing lures to be effective, and the squid have already shifted to a more active pattern of movement characteristic of the night-time period.
On the formation and evolution of asteroid belts and their potential significance for life
Authors: Martin Rebecca G. , Livio Mario 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Suggestions have been made that asteroid belts may be important both for the existence of life and perhaps even for the evolution of complex life on a planet. Using numerical models for protoplanetary discs, we calculate the location of the snow line, and we propose that asteroid belts are most likely to form in its vicinity. We then show that observations of warm dust in exosolar systems, thought to be produced by collisions between asteroids in a belt, indicate that asteroid belts (when they exist) indeed coincide with the radial location and the temperature of the snow line. Giant planets form outside the snow line and prevent planet formation just inside of their orbit, creating an asteroid belt there. However, the migration of giant planets through the asteroid belt likely disperses the compact formation. We examine existing observations of giant exoplanets and find that less than 4 per cent are at radial locations outside of the snow line. This definitely may be the consequence of observational selection effects. However, with this caveat in mind, we point out that the dearth of giant planets outside the snow line may also suggest that compact asteroid belts are not common, and more speculatively that complex life may not be expected in most of the currently observed systems.
Reduced‐Fat Mayonnaise Formulated with Gelatinized Rice Starch and Xanthan Gum
Authors: Lee Inae , Lee Sanghoon , Lee Nara , Ko Sanghoon 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTReduced fat (RF) mayonnaise was formulated by replacing part of the oil with gelatinized rice starch and xanthan gum, and the effect of their inclusion on the rheological properties was investigated. In the RF mayonnaise preparation, oil or fat was partially replaced by modified waxy rice starch paste at levels of 10, 30 (SP30), and 50% (SP50) of total oil used. Xanthan gum was added to SP30 and SP50 at the level of 0.2% each, designated SP30G and SP50G. Excellent emulsion stability was maintained until 30% of oil was replaced. The flow behavior of the RF mayonnaises was thixotropic, which indicates a decrease in viscosity with increased shear rate. Both yield stress and consistency index decreased with increasing starch paste content. The addition of xanthan gum increased the yield stress and consistency index. The elastic modulus (G′) of the RF mayonnaises was always greater than the loss modulus and decreased with increasing starch paste content. The SP30G sample exhibited a higher G′ value despite its low oil content. The SP30G mayonnaise formulated contained 23% lower total calories, compared with full‐fat mayonnaise, and exhibited similar rheological properties to that of commercial RF mayonnaise.
The Results of the Enclose II Proximal Anastomotic Device in 178 Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgeries
Authors: Seto Yuki , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Takase Shinya , Tanji Masahiro , Takahashi Koki , Takahashi Shoichi , Hirota Jun , Kondo Shunichi , Hagiwara Kenichi , Watanabe Masaaki 
Published: November 2012

Objective Enclose II is a new device for proximal coronary artery bypass anastomoses. We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of Enclose II in patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods Enclose II was used for isolated off-pump CABG in 178 patients at six heart centers between October 2005 and December 2009. The preoperative characteristics of the patients, complications related to Enclose II, and early graft patency rates were examined. Results A total of 222 proximal anastomoses were performed in 178 patients using Enclose II. Forty-four of these patients had two proximal anastomoses using this device. New cerebral infarction that arose in two patients (1.1%) was not related to Enclose II. No aortic injury occurred. The graft patency rate was 96.4% at 1 year after surgery. Conclusions Enclose II is a safe and useful assist device for proximal anastomoses in patients undergoing off-pump CABG.
Successful Treatment of Lone Persistent Atrial Fibrillation by Means of a Hybrid Thoracoscopic-Transcatheter Approach
Authors: Muneretto Claudio , Bisleri Gianluigi , Bontempi Luca , Cheema Faisal H. , Curnis Antonio 
Published: November 2012

Objective Ablation strategies for the treatment of lone persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) have rapidly evolved during the past decade both with electrophysiological (EP) and surgical approaches. We investigated the safety and efficacy of a novel staged hybrid approach combining surgical thoracoscopic and EP ablation in patients with lone persistent AF. Methods Twenty-four consecutive patients with either persistent (three patients, 12.5%) or long-standing persistent (21 patients, 87.5%) isolated AF were prospectively enrolled: the mean age was 63.2 ± 9.3 years, the mean left atrial dimension was 50.5 ± 8 mm, and the mean AF duration was 82.7 months (range, 7–240 months). The surgical procedure consisted of a monolateral, right-sided, thoracoscopic closed-chest approach to perform a “box” lesion set with a temperature-controlled, internally cooled, radiofrequency monopolar device with suction adherence (Cobra Adhere XL; Estech, San Ramon, CA USA). A continuous monitoring rhythm device (Reveal XT; Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN USA) was implanted at the time of surgery in all patients for continuous long-term monitoring of the heart rhythm. Results Successful completion of the procedure was achieved in all cases, with a mean ablation time of 29 ± 9 minutes and an overall procedural time of 84 ± 16 minutes. After surgical ablation, the exit block was documented in all cases, whereas the entrance block was achieved in 87.5% (21 of 24 patients). No intensive care unit stay was required, and no complications occurred postoperatively; hospital mortality was 0%. At a mean interval of 33 ± 2 days after surgery, an EP study was performed: bidirectional block was confirmed in 79.1% (19 of 24 patients), whereas gaps at the level of the box lesion were observed in 20.8% of the patients (5 of 24 patients). Additional transcatheter endocardial right- and left-sided lesions were performed in 62.5% of cases (15 of 24 patients). At a mean follow-up of 28 months (range, 1–55 months), 87.5% of the patients (21 of 24 patients) are in sinus rhythm, and the incidence of left atrial flutter was 0%. Conclusions The combination of thoracoscopic box lesion and transcatheter ablation in a staged hybrid approach proved to be safe, providing excellent mid-term clinical outcomes in patients with long-standing, isolated, persistent AF. Moreover, the implantable loop recorders documented such incremental benefits in sinus rhythm restoration for up to 28 months.
Decreasing the Mitochondrial Synthesis of Malate in Potato Tubers Does Not Affect Plastidial Starch Synthesis, Suggesting That the Physiological Regulation of ADPglucose Pyrophosphorylase Is Context Dependent
Authors: Szecowka Marek , Osorio Sonia , Obata Toshihiro , Araújo Wagner L. , Rohrmann Johannes , Nunes-Nesi Adriano , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Modulation of the malate content of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit by altering the expression of mitochondrially localized enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle resulted in enhanced transitory starch accumulation and subsequent effects on postharvest fruit physiology. In this study, we assessed whether such a manipulation would similarly affect starch biosynthesis in an organ that displays a linear, as opposed to a transient, kinetic of starch accumulation. For this purpose, we used RNA interference to down-regulate the expression of fumarase in potato (Solanum tuberosum) under the control of the tuber-specific B33 promoter. Despite displaying similar reductions in both fumarase activity and malate content as observed in tomato fruit expressing the same construct, the resultant transformants were neither characterized by an increased flux to, or accumulation of, starch, nor by alteration in yield parameters. Since the effect in tomato was mechanistically linked to derepression of the reaction catalyzed by ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, we evaluated whether the lack of effect on starch biosynthesis was due to differences in enzymatic properties of the enzyme from potato and tomato or rather due to differential subcellular compartmentation of reductant in the different organs. The results are discussed in the context both of current models of metabolic compartmentation and engineering.
A cross‐country perspective on professional oversight, education standards and countries' perceived level of corruption
Authors: Albrecht Chad , Malagueno Ricardo , Holland Daniel , Sanders Matt 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the existence of a professional oversight body and certain country‐specific education regulations in auditing are associated with a country's perceived level of corruption.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on data from the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) database, the authors used the Mann‐Whitney U analysis technique to test the difference between countries' perceived level of corruption based on whether they have or have not developed professional oversight bodies and licensing regulations.FindingsResults suggest that countries that have established an audit profession oversight body are, indeed, perceived to be less corrupt. Similarly, countries that require practical experience, academic study, and a licensing examination in order to practice auditing are perceived to be less corrupt. On the other hand, the analysis shows that requiring auditors to fulfil continuing education requirements is not significantly related to a perception of lower levels of corruption.Practical implicationsThe paper provides important insights for policy makers, business leaders, education and the audit profession as a whole.Originality/valueThis paper provides some of the first empirical support for the relationship between corruption and the use of oversight bodies and licensing regulations in professional auditing at a country level.
Diel gene expression profiles of a phosphorus limited mountain lake using metatranscriptomics
Authors: Vila‐Costa Maria , Sharma Shalabh , Moran Mary Ann , Casamayor Emilio O. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe genetic basis of bacterial functionality in freshwater systems remains largely unexplored despite its relevance in biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we used metatranscriptomic sequencing to analyse day and night gene expression profiles of the bacterial planktonic assemblage from the phosphorus (P) limited Lake Llebreta (1620 m above sea level) in the Limnological Observatory of the Pyrenees (LOOP, Central Pyrenees). The goal of the study was to obtain clues about the ecological strategies of bacteria in a highly oligotrophic environment, particularly those related to processing P and energy capture. An average of 37 871 unique reads were obtained per treatment using 454 pyrosequencing of amplified messenger RNA (mRNA), of which ∼ 37% matched a protein function in BLASTx analysis against the NCBI RefSeq database. In general, an overabundance of transcripts for energy acquisition (e.g. photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, proteorhodopsins and bacteriochlorophyll a) was observed in the day compared with the night. Several different forms of P were metabolized by the community, with the relative abundance of transcripts related to phosphonate and phosphate uptake pointing to a major role of organic P in controlling this ecosystem. Bacteroidetes and Betaproteobacteria were the most actively transcribing phyla in the community, but showed different strategies for supplemental sources of energy: Bacteroidetes appeared to rely on creating H+ gradients across the membrane by using proteorhodopsins during the day and pyrophosphatases at night, whereas Betaproteobacteria appeared to be oxidizing carbon monoxide (CO) that potentially was generated by photooxidation of dissolved organic matter. When these diel freshwater metatranscriptomes were compared with those from two pelagic marine systems, gene expression patterns distinguished freshwater versus marine samples but showed common differences between day and night transcriptomes related to energy production.