bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Alkyl‐Ynol‐Ethers by “Anti‐Michael Addition” of Metal Alkoxides to β‐Substituted Alkynylsulfones
Authors: Marzo Leyre , Parra Alejandro , Frías María , Alemán José , García Ruano José Luis 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe reaction of metal alkoxides with β‐substituted 2‐(p‐tolylsulfonyl)acetylenes, involving an anti‐Michael addition reaction followed by the in situ elimination of the sulfonyl moiety, provides a direct method for the synthesis of alkyl alkynyl ethers bearing aryl or TIPS groups joined to the triple bond. Arylalkynyl ethers derived from primary alkoxides are in situ hydrolyzed into arylacetic esters.
An Intramolecular Heck Approach To Obtain 17‐Membered Macrocyclic Diversity and the Identification of an Antiangiogenesis Agent from a Zebrafish Assay
Authors: Aeluri Madhu , Gaddam Jagan , Trinath Devarakonda V. K. S. , Chandrasekar Gayathri , Kitambi Satish Srinivas , Arya Prabhat 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe report a practical and modular approach to obtain two different types of 17‐membered ring macrocyclic compounds through an intramolecular Heck reaction. These macrocyclic compounds are functionalized, that is, they contain two contiguous stereogenic hydroxy functional groups and an amino acid moiety in the macrocyclic ring skeleton. The macrocycles were then screened against a zebrafish assay to determine the antiangiogenesis activity of these small molecules. Macrocyclic compound 2.2a was identified as a potent inhibitor at 2.5 μM, whereas its acyclic precursor and the other related macrocyclic compounds did not show any effect.
MEASURING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COSTS AND OUTCOMES: THE EXAMPLE OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN GERMAN HOSPITALS
Authors: Stargardt Tom , Schreyögg Jonas , Kondofersky Ivan 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose a methodological approach to measure the relationship between hospital costs and health outcomes. We propose to investigate the relationship for each condition or disease area by using patient‐level data. We examine health outcomes as a function of costs and other patient‐level variables by using the following: (1) two‐stage residual inclusion with Murphy–Topel adjustment to address costs being endogenous to health outcomes, (2) random‐effects models in both stages to correct for correlation between observation, and (3) Cox proportional hazard models in the second stage to ensure that the available information is exploited. To demonstrate its application, data on mortality following hospital treatment for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from a large German sickness fund were used. Provider reimbursement was used as a proxy for treatment costs. We relied on the Ontario Acute Myocardial Infarction Mortality Prediction Rules as a disease‐specific risk‐adjustment instrument. A total of 12,284 patients with treatment for AMI in 2004–2006 were included. The results showed a reduction in hospital costs by €100 to increase the hazard of dying, that is, mortality, by 0.43%. The negative association between costs and mortality confirms that decreased resource input leads to worse outcomes for treatment after AMI. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE IN GERMANY: THE IGNORED RISK SELECTION PROBLEM
Authors: Grunow Martina , Nuscheler Robert 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe investigate risk selection between public and private health insurance in Germany. With risk‐rated premiums in the private system and community‐rated premiums in the public system, advantageous selection in favor of private insurers is expected. Using 2000 to 2007 data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel Study (SOEP), we find such selection. While private insurers are unable to select the healthy upon enrollment, they profit from an increase in the probability to switch from private to public health insurance of those individuals who have experienced a negative health shock. To avoid distorted competition between the two branches of health care financing, risk‐adjusted transfers from private to public insurers should be instituted. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
American college of radiology appropriateness criteria® treatment of stage I T1 glottic cancer
Authors: Ridge John A. , Lawson Joshua , Yom Sue S. , Garg Madhur Kumar , McDonald Mark W. , Quon Harry , Saba Nabil , Salama Joseph K. , Smith Richard V. , Worden Francis , Yeung Anamaria Reyna , Beitler Jonathan J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundControversy surrounds the appropriate therapy for T1 glottic cancer. Both transoral endolaryngeal resection and radiation offer excellent local control and voice quality; some lesions are best addressed with resection and others with radiation.MethodsThe American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria are evidence‐based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development includes an analysis of current literature from peer reviewed journals and the well‐established “modified Delphi” consensus methodology to rate the appropriateness of treatment. Where evidence is not definitive, expert opinion informed recommendations.ResultsThe ACR Expert Panel on Radiation Oncology – Head and Neck Cancer developed consensus recommendations for treatment of T1 glottic cancer. Treatment planning is complex and decisions nuanced.ConclusionBest treatment for a particular cancer cannot be defined without consideration of the lesion's location, extent, depth of invasion, and quality of surgical exposure during direct laryngoscopy. © 2013 American College of Radiology. Head & Neck © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 3–8, 2014
A systematic review on the effectiveness of thermography in diagnosis of diseases
Authors: Sajjadi Haniyeh Sadate , Seyedin Hesam , Aryankhesal Aidin , Asiabar Ali Sarabi 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTCollecting and analyzing appropriate information and performing comprehensive systematic studies, considering safety, effectiveness, and cost effectiveness of the technologies are prerequisites for making decisions on buying and using different diagnostic and therapeutic equipment. This study aimed to systematically identify and analyze available evidences related to the effectiveness of contact thermography technique in diagnosis of different diseases. This study was a systematic review of published and gray literature. We searched relevant databases, bibliography of related papers, and companies' websites, using appropriate search strategies and key words. The CASP tool was used by two experts to evaluate the quality of retrieved papers and inconsistencies were resolved by discussion. After removal of duplicate citations, 308 titles were identified through database searching, among which 276 were excluded on reviewing of the titles and abstracts. The full texts of the remaining papers (32) were assessed against the inclusion criteria and 14 papers were recognized qualified, which were categorized into three groups of: breast cancer, DVT, and others. The results showed although contact thermography is a safe, rapid and cheap technique to be used in screening and diagnosing different diseases, but results did not show any acceptable diagnostic value in comparison to other diagnostic techniques. It might be beneficial to use it as a complementary technique. More research is recommended in this area. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 188–193, 2013
The effects of soil erosion on chironomid assemblages in Lugu Lake over the past 120 years
Authors: Zhang Enlou , Tang Hongqu , Cao Yanmin , Langdon Peter , Wang Rong , Yang Xiangdong , Shen Ji 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLakes in Yunnan Province, SW China, have been subjected to increased environmental stress over the last century. In order to assess the impacts of these stresses on the biota, a sediment core was collected from Lugu Lake covering the past 120 years, and detailed chemical, biological (subfossil chironomids), and physical analyses of the lake sediments were undertaken. The analyses indicated consistent trends of increased soil erosion since the early 1970s associated with significant changes in chironomid assemblages, which occurred simultaneously with the sedimentological proxies. A redundancy analysis (RDA) using a range of sedimentary proxies indicated that the shifts in the chironomid communities were mainly attributable to soil erosion. Constant soil erosion caused dramatic reductions in the available organic materials and large increases in fine sediments, leading to changes in the chironomid fauna and reduced chironomid abundance. The chironomid succession revealed that Procladius, the likely top predator in the chironomid community food chain, decreased in abundance under the impact of soil erosion, whereas the proportion of small forms of filter feeders, represented by Tanytarsus mendax‐type, increased rapidly. Due to the loss of suitable habitats, the population of some bottom collector‐gatherers (e.g., Polypedilum nubeculosum‐type) decreased sharply. The results of this study suggest that increased catchment soil erosion may seriously impact benthic communities and potentially alter ecosystem functioning.
Life cycles and habitat selection of two sympatric mayflies under extreme continental climate (River Kharaa, Mongolia)
Authors: Avlyush Saulyegul , Schäffer Michael , Borchardt Dietrich 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAutecologic information of aquatic insects in the river systems under extreme continental climatic conditions is limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze life cycles, larval development, densities, microhabitat distribution, and secondary production of two sympatric burrowing mayfly species, Ephemera orientalis and Ephoron nigridorsum, in the Kharaa River, Northern Mongolia. Both species were typically distributed within the middle reaches of the focus river, displaying significant different larval densities across the three study sites. Four distinct microhabitats for E. orientalis and E. nigridorsum were identified. The preferred habitats of both species were substrates composed of rocks, cobbles, or coarse gravels with variable smaller mineral fractions of finer sandy, muddy, or organic substrates beside. Based on larval body size distribution and the emergence period, it was concluded that E. orientalis has a univoltine winter life cycle. The estimated annual production of larvae at two investigated sites in the middle stretch of the river in the year 2009 was 1.65 and 2.25 g DW m−2 year−1. Biomass was 294.8 and 490.3 mg DW m−2, and the annual production to biomass rate (P/B) was 4.5 and 5.6 year−1, respectively. In contrast, E. nigridorsum displayed a univoltine summer life cycle with a very likely egg diapause of approximately 8 months. Annual production estimates were 5.27 and 7.89 g DW m−2 year−1, biomass was 281.2 and 443.2 mg DW m−2; the annual P/B rates were 17.9 and 18.7 year−1 at the two sites reflecting the extremely shortened life cycle of this species. We conclude that the two sympatric species showed a difference in life cycles but no separation in habitat selection.
Transcriptional mutagenesis and its potential roles in the etiology of cancer and bacterial antibiotic resistance
Authors: Morreall Jordan F. , Petrova Lucy , Doetsch Paul W. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTMost cells do not undergo continuous cell division and DNA replication, yet they can still acquire novel RNA mutations that can result in the production of mutant proteins and induce a phenotypic change. All cells are frequently subjected to genotoxic insults that give rise to damaged nucleotides which, similarly to DNA replication, can undergo base mispairing during transcription. This mutagenic lesion bypass by RNA polymerase, transcriptional mutagenesis (TM), has been studied in a variety of systems and organisms, and may be involved in diverse pathogenic processes, such as tumorigenesis and the acquisition of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Tumor cells and bacteria within the human body are subject to especially high levels of oxidative stress, which can damage DNA and consequently drive TM. Mutagenesis at the level of transcription may allow cells to escape growth arrest and undergo replication that could permanently establish mutations in DNA in a process called retromutagenesis (RM). Here, we review the broad range of DNA damages which may result in TM including a variety of non‐bulky lesions and some bulky lesions, which recent studies indicate may not completely block transcription, and emerging evidence supporting the RM concept in the context of tumorigenesis and antibiotic resistance. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2257–2261, 2013. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variability properties of daily and monthly observed near‐surface temperatures in Uganda: 1960–2008
Authors: Nsubuga Francis Wasswa , Olwoch Jane Mukarugwiza , Rautenbach Hannes 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTVariability and trends in daily and monthly near‐surface temperatures in Uganda, collected over the period 1960–2008 (49 years), are analysed. For this purpose, daily observational maximum and minimum temperature records from eight selected stations in Uganda were acquired from the Uganda Meteorological Department (UMD). Data collected by the UMD are quality controlled through a rigorous process before being archived. The data received were tested for homogeneity, gaps were filled and correlation analyses were used for validation of area average series. Statistical techniques (e.g. Mann–Kendall and Linear Regression) were employed to analyse temperature variability and to obtain temperature trends. Findings indicate that intra‐annual temperature shows reduced variability over recent decades, but which is not statistically significant. Results also demonstrated that maximum temperatures are more variable compared to minimum temperatures in Uganda. An increasing trend in hot days, hot nights, warm nights and warm spells were also detected. At seven of the stations, annual temperature range and diurnal temperature range trends were found to be negative. The finding that intra‐annual and intra‐monthly variance is declining suggests that fewer anomalously extreme temperature episodes occur. The gap between maximum and minimum extremes is reducing, which supports the observation that minimum temperatures are on the increase.
Influence of tidal‐range change and sediment compaction on Holocene relative sea‐level change in New Jersey, USA
Authors: HORTON BENJAMIN P. , ENGELHART SIMON E. , HILL DAVID F. , KEMP ANDREW C. , NIKITINA DARIA , MILLER KENNETH G. , PELTIER W. RICHARD 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe investigated the effect of tidal‐range change and sediment compaction on reconstructions of Holocene relative sea level (RSL) in New Jersey, USA. We updated a published sea‐level database to generate 50 sea‐level index points and ten limiting dates that define continuously rising RSL in New Jersey during the Holocene. There is scatter among the index points, particularly those older than 7 ka. A numerical model estimated that paleotidal range was relatively constant during the mid and late Holocene, but rapidly increased between 9 and 8 ka, leading to an underestimation of RSL by ∼0.5 m. We adjusted the sea‐level index points using the paleotidal model prior to assessing the influence of compaction on organic samples with clastic deposits above and below (an intercalated sea‐level index point). We found a significant relationship (p = 0.01) with the thickness of the overburden (r = 0.85). We altered the altitude of intercalated index points using this simple stratigraphic relationship, which reduced vertical scatter in sea‐level reconstructions. We conclude that RSL rose at an average rate of 4 mm a−1 from 10 ka to 6 ka, 2 mm a−1 from 6 ka to 2 ka, and 1.3 mm a−1 from 2 ka to AD 1900. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fjord stratigraphy and processes – evidence from the NE Atlantic Fensfjorden system
Authors: HJELSTUEN BERIT OLINE , KJENNBAKKEN HEIDI , BLEIKLI VEGARD , ERSLAND REMI ANTHONI , KVILHAUG SIGURD , EULER CHRISTINE , ALVHEIM SVANHILD 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTFjords commonly hold sediment basins with high temporal resolution that mirror land‐ and marine‐based processes and depositional environments during a glacial–interglacial cycle. Here, we present TOPAS seismic profiles, with a vertical resolution of <30 cm, bathymetric records and a gravity core from Fensfjorden, west Norway, which allow a detailed study of sedimentary processes and depositional environments in a NE Atlantic fjord system. Fensfjorden hosts a sediment volume of 0.70 km3 and the sediment basins evolved reach a maximum thickness of 100 m. The basins are characterized by a lower acoustically well‐laminated glacimarine unit, of Allerød and Younger Dryas age. This unit is overlain by several acoustically transparent lenses, interpreted to be slide debrites. We suggest these slide debrites to be a result of recurrent mass failures that occurred between 11 500 and 2100 cal a BP. A thin late Holocene hemipelagic unit drapes the slide debrites. During the late Holocene the sedimentation rates in Fensfjorden decreased from 0.110 to 0.040 cm a−1 and two turbidity currents occurred in the 2040–1190 cal a BP time period. This ability to map fjord processes in more detail has, furthermore, made it possible to revise the established stratigraphical framework for NE Atlantic fjords. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative analysis of salt‐tolerant gene HOG1 in a Zygosaccharomyces rouxii mutant strain and its parent strain
Authors: Wei Yonghua , Wang Cong , Wang Meng , Cao Xiaohong , Hou Lihua 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDA higher‐salt‐tolerant mutant strain Zygosaccharomyces rouxii 3–2 (strain S3‐2) that could be used for improving the flavour of high‐salt liquid state soy sauce was previously constructed from parent strain Z. rouxii (strain S) by genome shuffling. However, whether the mutations in this strain affect HOG1 encoding MAPK Hog1p and improve intracellular glycerol production remains to be elucidated.RESULTSAlthough two mutations in the ORF and one in the promoter of the HOG1 gene sequence of strain S3‐2 occurred compared with that of strain S, there was no significant difference in secondary and tertiary structures between S3‐2Hog1p and SHog1p. It was found that the expression level of S3‐2HOG1 was higher than that of SHOG1 in YPDN medium with high salt concentration. Furthermore, overexpression of S3‐2HOG1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303‐1A could improve the salt tolerance and osmotolerance of engineered yeast compared with that of SHOG1.CONCLUSIONEnhancement of the transcription level of HOG1 induced by mutation in the promoter region may be one of the main reasons for the improved salt tolerance of strain S3‐2 compared with that of strain S. Considering food security, the conservation of S3‐2HOG1 would be beneficial for application of strain S3‐2 in the fermentation of soy sauce. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Using Actigraphy to Measure Sleep Patterns in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Pilot Study in Patients Taking Night‐Time Prednisone
Authors: Clarke Lynsey L. , Wilson Sue , Kirwan John R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivePoor sleep quality is a commonly reported but under‐investigated consequence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Actigraphy is a non‐invasive way of measuring sleep, estimated from the frequency and intensity of physical movement at the wrist. We used actigraphy to measure sleep parameters compared with sleep questionnaire data, and assessed the practicality of actigraph use in patients with RA.MethodsIn a pilot study of actigraphy conducted within an investigation of night‐time prednisone treatment and circadian interleukin‐6 concentrations in ten patients with active RA, we compared actigraphy with the St Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire and assessed whether night‐time administration of prednisone resulted in increased sleep disturbance.ResultsThe actigraph watch was well tolerated by our patients, producing adequate data for analysis for 128 out of 133 test days (96.2%). The results indicated reasonable concordance between actigraph and sleep questionnaire data in the present sample. Patient satisfaction with sleep (question 11) strongly correlated with sleep efficiency measured by the actigraph (r = 0.71, p = 0.22) and showed a trend for inverse correlation with the fragmentation index (r = −0.60, p = 0.067). Quality of sleep (question 9) correlated non‐significantly with the fragmentation index (r = −0.59, p = 0.072). We were unable to identify any significant correlations between clinical measures of disease and sleep parameters in this sample. There were no apparent detrimental consequences of the night‐time dose of prednisone on the measures of sleep quality and quantity.ConclusionIn spite of the physical disability imposed by RA, the actigraph was well tolerated and gave a useful measure of sleep in patients with active disease. It has the potential for use in larger controlled trials. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute and sustained inflammation and metabolic dysfunction induced by high refined carbohydrate‐containing diet in mice
Authors: Oliveira Marina C. , Menezes‐Garcia Zélia , Henriques Milene C. C. , Soriani Frederico M. , Pinho Vanessa , Faria Ana M. C. , Santiago Andrezza F. , Cara Denise C. , Souza Danielle G. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Ferreira Adaliene V. M. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveThe effects of high‐refined carbohydrate‐containing diet (HC) on inflammatory parameters and metabolic disarrangement of adipose tissue are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the timing and progression of metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction induced by HC diet in mice.Design and MethodsBALB/c mice were fed chow or HC diet for 1 and 3 days, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks.ResultsAnimals given HC diet exhibited acute and sustained increase in visceral adiposity, glucose intolerance, low insulin sensitivity, hyperlipemia, acute increase in mRNA expression of ACC, LPL, PPARγ, SREBP‐1, and ChREBP and altered circulating levels of adiponectin, resistin, and leptin. There was leucocyte rolling and adhesion on adipose tissue microvessels already at 3 days and until 8 weeks of HC diet. Adipose tissue of mice had increased number of macrophages (M1 and M2), lymphocytes (CD8+ and CD4+Foxp3+), and neutrophils (GR1+) already at 3 days after initiation of HC diet. Overall, concentration of cytokines and chemokines, TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10, TGF‐β1, CCL2, and CXCL1, in adipose tissue was elevated throughout the experimental period. Levels of IL‐10 and TGF‐β1 tended to reach baseline levels at 12 weeks of HC diet.ConclusionsWe describe a novel murine model of fat pad expansion induced by HC diet that is characterized by early onset and sustained adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic disarrangement. The acute inflammatory response in adipose tissue occurs very early and is sustained, suggesting that adipose tissue inflammation is a homeostatic mechanism to regulate nutrient overload and adipose expansion.