bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From recordings of disulfide isomerases in action to reversal of maladaptive endoplasmic reticulum stress responses: proceedings on the ER & Redox Club Meeting held in Venice, April 2015
Authors: van Anken Eelco 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interacts and cooperates with other organelles as a central hub in cellular homeostasis. In particular, the ER is the first station along the secretory pathway, where client proteins fold and assemble before they travel to their final destination elsewhere in the endomembrane system or outside the cell. Protein folding and disulfide bond formation go hand in hand in the ER, a task that is achieved with the help of ER-resident chaperones and other folding factors, including oxidoreductases that catalyze disulfide bond formation. Yet, when their combined effort is in vain, client proteins that fail to fold are disposed of through ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The ER folding and ERAD machineries can be boosted through the unfolded protein response (UPR) if required. Still, protein folding in the ER may consistently fail when proteins are mutated due to a genetic defect, which, ultimately, can lead to disease. Novel developments in all these fields of study and how new insights ultimately can be exploited for clinical or biotechnological purposes were highlighted in a rich variety of presentations at the ER & Redox Club Meeting that was held in Venice from 15 to 17 April 2015. As such, the meeting provided the participants an excellent opportunity to mingle and discuss key advancements and outstanding questions on ER function in health and disease.
Vulnerability of soils in the watershed of Wadi El Hammam to water erosion (Algeria)
Authors: Gliz Mohamed , Remini Boualem , Anteur Djamel , Makhlouf Mohammed 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Located in the north west of Algeria, the watershed of Wadi El Hammam is threatened by water erosion that has resulted the silting of reservoirs at cascade: Ouizert, Bouhanifia and Fergoug. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology using remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) to map the zones presenting sensibility of water erosion in this watershed. It aims to produce a sensibility map that can be used as a reference document for planners. The methodology presented consists of three factors that control erosion: the slope, the friability material and the land use, which were integrated into a GIS. The derived erosion sensibility map shows three areas of vulnerability to water erosion: low, medium and high. The area of high vulnerability corresponds to sub-basin of Fergoug.
The relationship between dissolved organic carbon and hydro-climatic factors in peat-muck soil
Authors: Jaszczyński Jacek 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The object of this study was the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution related to groundwater table, soil temperature, moisture, redox potential and intensive storm rain and their changes during ten years (2001–2010). The studies were localized in drained and agriculturally used Kuwasy Mire situated in the middle basin of the Biebrza River, north-eastern Poland. The study site was situated on a low peat soil managed as intensively used grassland. The soil was recognized as peat-muck in the second stage of the mucking process. DOC concentration was determined by means of the flow colorimetric method using the Skalar equipment.
Mean in the whole study period DOC concentration in soil solution was 72 mg·dm−3. A significant positive correlation was observed between DOC concentration and soil temperature at 30 cm depth. The highest DOC concentrations were observed from July to October accompanied by the lowest ground water level. The DOC concentration in soil solution showed also a significant correlation with soil redox potential at 20 cm depth – a border between muck and peat layers. This layer is potentially most active with respect to biochemical transformation. There was no relationship between DOC concentration and soil moisture. However, the influence of torrential rains on the intensity of DOC removal was demonstrated in this study.
Application of CVM method in the evaluation of flood control and water and sewage management projects
Authors: Liziński Tadeusz , Wróblewska Anna , Rauba Krystyna 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Traditional methods of economic evaluation of projects in the field of environmental protection do not reflect the full value of these projects. In particular, it doesn’t take into account non-market effects that have an impact on the level of social welfare. The issue of valuation of natural resources and related services is also related to this problem. The evaluations and valuations of areas generally ignored the value of natural resources or take into account only the part which has the market value.
The article presents the results of study the economy of non-market goods using contingent valuation method. The first part of the results concerns the willingness to pay for improvement of safety sense from flood risk. The second part concerns willingness to pay for the use of municipal sewage treatment plants. The population living of the area of the Żuławy of Vistula delta valued their improvement of safety sense from flood risk of at more than twice the value of the compared to current expenditures incurred flood protection. The vast majority of respondents considered it reasonable protection of polder areas. Indicating simultaneously that in the reduction of flood risk allows possible resettlement and restoration polder parts. The majority of residents (98%) agreed to the construction of wastewater treatment plants and were willing to pay for its construction and operation. The majority of respondents (especially those in middle age and older) found that the collective sewage development would contribute to improving the environment quality and thus the residents living standard. However, not all were willing to pay for the use of collective sewage collection and treatment. 18% of respondents did not want to pay an amount greater than the current charges for the sewage removal and treatment. In addition, the residents of the municipality cannot afford to pay, or believe that water supply and sanitation services should be free.
On some ideal related to the ideal (v0)
Authors: Kalemba Piotr 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The ideal (v0) is known in the literature and is naturally linked to the structure [ω]ω. We consider some
natural counterpart of the ideal (v0) related in an analogous way to the structure Dense(ℚ) and investigate its
combinatorial properties. By the use of the notion of ideal type we prove that under CH this ideal is isomorphic
to (v0).
Lattice Vibrations to Identify the Li/Na Ratio in
Li
x
Na2−x
Ti6O13 (x = 0…2)
Authors: Volgmann Kai , Schulz Alexander , Welsch Anna-Maria , Bredow Thomas , Nakhal Suliman , Lerch Martin , Heitjans Paul 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Li
x
Na2−x
Ti6O13has received attention as 3d-metal
oxide based anode material for possible battery
application. Generally, titanium oxides represent excellent Li hosts
due to their zero-strain behavior, cycling stability and high
operating voltage. New developments choose Na as charge carrier, but
less effort is put in the investigation of mixed cation
conductors. Owing to the synthesis route of
Li
x
Na2−x
Ti6O13(0 ≤ x ≤ 2) the
coordination of Na and Li in the channels is different which had been
investigated by means of X-ray and neutron diffraction. Up to now, no
Raman spectroscopy has been applied. This oxide is highly
Raman-active, thus the local structure can also be analyzed in terms
of vibrational spectroscopy. Micro-Raman spectroscopy carried out at
room temperature with different cation contents (x = 0, 0.33, 1, 2)
shows the continuous change from Na to Li by a superposition of the
modes for Na2Ti6O13 and Li2Ti6O13. The
only exceptions are two distinct modes. They appear either for Li
(118 cm
–1) or Na (135 cm
–1). The
results confirm the high-temperature phase stability of
Na2Ti6O13 as well as the anisotropic thermal expansion
of the unit cell seen by in situ X-ray powder diffraction
under two different gas atmospheres. Combining these results, we
suppose that the anisotropic thermal expansion of the lattice
parameters is affected by the normal vectors of the corresponding bond
vibrations in Na2Ti6O13 and
Li2Ti6O13. Crystalline-orbital calculations of the
Raman shifts of Li
x
Na2−x
Ti6O13were carried out for
the cation contents x = 0, 1, 2 and Raman modes were assigned to
specific bond vibrations supported by theory. Besides, this gives
additionally information about the Li/Na ratio in a new and simple
way.
Ionic Solutions Probed by Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
Authors: Yin Zhong , Rajkovic Ivan , Thekku Veedu Sreevidya , Deinert Sascha , Raiser Dirk , Jain Rohit , Fukuzawa Hironobu , Wada Shin-ichi , Quevedo Wilson , Kennedy Brian , Schreck Simon , Pietzsch Annette , Wernet Philippe , Ueda Kyoshi , Föhlisch Alexander , Techert Simone 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
X-ray spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study the local charge
distribution of chemical systems. Together with the liquid jet it
becomes possible to probe chemical systems in their natural
environment, the liquid phase. In this work, we present X-ray
absorption (XA), X-ray emission (XE) and resonant inelastic X-ray
scattering (RIXS) data of pure water and various salt solutions and
show the possibilities these methods offer to elucidate the nature of
ion-water interaction.
A Media Violence-Inspired Juvenile Sexual Homicide Offender 13 Years Later
Authors: Myers WC , Eggleston CF , Smoak P 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
No follow-up studies exist on how minors who commit sexual homicides adjust once released back into the community. This is an important question given the extreme nature of their crimes, lack of recidivism data, and the expectation that one-half of them will be freed from prison by mid-life. Likewise, no studies exist on the role our culture's pervasive media violence plays in these offenses. This report describes a 13year-old boy who committed a witnessed media violence-inspired sexual homicide. Follow-up information is provided on his community adjustment as an adult four years after release from prison. He had multiple indicators of brain dysfunction, and watched a "slasher" film just before committing the blitz style crime upon a female neighbor. Media violence literature is reviewed-against a backdrop of developmental abnormalities, neuropsychiatric vulnerabilities, family dysfunction, and mental illness. This case illustrates how the confluence of such variables, combined with the tinder of erotic screen violence, may lead to sexual murder.
Management of Dynamic Biomedical Terminologies: Current Status and Future Challenges
Authors: Dos Reis J. C. , Pruski C. , Da Silveira M. 
Published: August 2015

Summary
Objectives: Controlled terminologies and their dependent artefacts provide a consensual understanding of a domain while reducing ambiguities and enabling reasoning. However, the evolution of a domain’s knowledge directly impacts these terminologies and generates inconsistencies in the underlying biomedical information systems. In this article, we review existing work addressing the dynamic aspect of terminologies as well as their effects on mappings and semantic annotations.
Methods: We investigate approaches related to the identification, characterization and propagation of changes in terminologies, mappings and semantic annotations including techniques to update their content.
Results and conclusion: Based on the explored issues and existing methods, we outline open research challenges requiring investigation in the near future.
Regulation of Telomere Length Requires a Conserved N-Terminal Domain of Rif2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kaizer Hannah , Connelly Carla J , Bettridge Kelsey , Viggiani Christopher , Greider Carol W 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The regulation of telomere length equilibrium is essential for cell growth and survival since critically short telomeres signal DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. While the broad principles of length regulation are well established, the molecular mechanism of how these steps occur is not fully understood. We mutagenized the RIF2 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to understand how this protein blocks excess telomere elongation. We identified an N-terminal domain in Rif2 that is essential for length regulation, which we have termed BAT domain for Blocks Addition of Telomeres. Tethering this BAT domain to Rap1 blocked telomere elongation not only in rif2Δ mutants but also in rif1Δ and rap1C-terminal deletion mutants. Mutation of a single amino acid in the BAT domain, phenylalanine at position 8 to alanine, recapitulated the rif2Δ mutant phenotype. Substitution of F8 with tryptophan mimicked the wild-type phenylalanine, suggesting the aromatic amino acid represents a protein interaction site that is essential for telomere length regulation.
Acoustic Velocities in Petroleum Oils
Authors: Wang Zhijing , Nur A. M. , Batzle M. L. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
A series of experiments were carried out in the laboratory on acoustic wave velocities in oils. The samples include 8 dead crude oils (here dead oil refers to stock tank oil which does not contain dissolved gas), 2 refined petroleum hydrocarbons, and 1 live oil (here live oil refers to oil which has high content of dissolved gas).
The results show that the measured acoustic velocities in these oils are strong functions of both temperature and pressure. The experimental results are discussed in light of the various existing theories and models of the liquid state for the purpose of interpreting and understanding the acoustic velocity behaviors of the oils. Correlations are made between the acoustic velocity and temperature, pressure, API gravity, and molecular weight. Empirical equations are established which can be used to calculate the acoustic velocities in oils with known API gravities. Various applications or potential applications of the experimental results are also discussed.
Transformation Of The S-N Curves For Al 2024 Alloy
Authors: Kłysz Sylwester 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The article compared the results of high cycle fatigue tests in samples of aluminum alloy 2024-T4, which is used in aircraft construction, especially for highly loaded structural elements, including for plating and fuselage frames and girders rotor blades of helicopters - with results available in the literature. The tests were performed on cylindrical samples, of a parallel and perpendicular orientation relative to the "direction of embodiment" or the rolling direction of the blank sheet metal with a coefficient of asymmetry cycle R = −1. Material for the study was collected from the production line design elements PZL-130 Orlik TC-II. There have been a description of the analytical results in the form of Morrow equations. The results were referred to the respective curves contained in a database of material U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration. There have been a presentation the transformation method of S-N curves for different stress ratio R, stress concentration factors Kt and safety factors βN and βσ.
Management of traumatic double-level spondyloptosis of the thoracic spine with posterior spondylectomy: case report
Authors: Rahimizadeh Abolfazl , Rahimizadeh Ava 
Published: August 2015

Traumatic spondyloptosis of the thoracic spine is an uncommon injury. In most cases, spondyloptosis is confined to one vertebral body, whereas double-level spondyloptosis is extremely rare. Most patients who sustain traumatic spondyloptosis immediately become paraplegic, but in some cases neurological function is preserved. If this occurs, it is due to detachment of the pedicles from the corresponding vertebral body, resulting in spontaneous decompression of neural elements.
Herein, the authors describe a case of undetected traumatic double-level spondyloptosis in the upper thoracic region in an adult male patient who was neurologically intact for 2 days but later became paraplegic. Initially, management of this pathology seemed a very challenging scenario. However, with review of the reconstructed CT images and reproduction of the injury on a plastic model, a posterior-only approach was chosen as an alternative operative solution for this catastrophic injury. Via this single-stage posterior approach, long-segment pedicle screw/rod instrumentation resulted in successful reduction, restoration of alignment, and stabilization after 1-level posterior spondylectomy.
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first example reported in the literature of double-level spondyloptosis of the thoracic and the lumbar spine. This report describes the rationale, mechanism, and technical details afforded for reduction and stabilization of this rare injury.
The user of the future: Reimagining how we think about information
Authors: Leetaru Kalev Hannes 
Published: August 2015

Abstract We live in world today where the average citizen can zoom into the planet from Google Earth, walk down a virtual street in Google Street View, access live imagery and video on breaking events from remote regions via YouTube and Instagram, and search 100 petabyte indexes that learn and evolve to tailor themselves to hundreds of millions of individual users and even adjust the material returned based on our daily life patterns, calendar, and present location. Searches look across hundreds of millions of distinct archives and deliver their results via APIs and advanced analytics accessible through mobile devices while we walk down the street. In this brave new world of information access, what does the information platform of the future look like and how does the user of the future think about, access, consume, and interact with this reimagined world of information? This transcript of the NFAIS 2015 keynote opening address explores the user of the future and what we can learn from current trends to reimagine how we think about information and how it is delivered.
Excavations on Sheep Hill, West Dunbartonshire, 1966–69: A Late Bronze Age timber-framed dun and a small Iron Age hillfort
Authors: MacKie Euan W. 
Published: August 2015

Excavations at Sheep Hill hillfort, West Dunbartonshire, took place at weekends between 1966 and 1969, with a small team of volunteers. The fort is sited on a volcanic plug of basalt with extensive views up and down the river Clyde. The finds are in the Hunterian Museum of the University of Glasgow, and a preliminary account of the discoveries was published a few years later ( MacKie 1976 ). The hilltop stronghold was found in fact to have been two successive forts. The first (Fort 1) was a timber-framed dun – a drystone enclosure on the summit of the hill. This was destroyed by fire and partly vitrified near the end of the Bronze Age, and most of the rubble from the walls was re-used in the larger Iron Age hillfort (Fort 2) which was built on top of it. A midden from this early fort was found under the rampart of the later one and contained gritty Dunagoil pottery as well as pieces of fired clay moulds for bronze implements. It is possible that a palisaded enclosure preceded the vitrified fort. Nearby on the north was once one of the finest cup-and-ring carved rocks in the country which may have been damaged for building material. The later hillfort consisted of several enclosures defended by rubble and earth ramparts. An important element in the associated material culture was the shale armlet, several examples of which were found. They appear to have been made on the site. The fort is difficult to date precisely but was almost certainly pre-Roman. No Roman artefacts were found although the fort at the west end of the Antonine wall is only a short distance to the east.
The influence of removable partial dentures on the periodontal health of abutment and non-abutment teeth
Authors: Dula Linda J. , Shala Kujtim Sh. , Pustina-Krasniqi Teuta , Bicaj Teuta , Ahmedi Enis F. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of removable partial dentures (RPD) on the periodontal health of abutment and non-abutment teeth. Materials and Methods: A total 107 patients with RPD participated in this study. It was examined 138 RPD, they were 87 with clasp-retained and 51 were RPD with attachments. The following periodontal parameters were evaluated for abutment and non-abutment teeth, plaque index (PLI), calculus index (CI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) (mm) and tooth mobility (TM) index. These clinical measurements were taken immediately before insertion the RPD, then one and 3 months after insertion. The level of significance was set at (P < 0.05). Results: The mean scores for PLI, CI, BOP, PD, and TM index, of the abutment teeth and non-abutment teeth were no statistically significant at the time of insertion of RPD. After 1-month, PLI was statistically significant (0.57 ± 0.55 for abutment and 0.30 ± 0.46 for non-abutment teeth). After 3 months, there were significant differences between abutment and non-abutment teeth with regard to the BOP (1.53 ± 0.50 and 1.76 ± 0.43 respectively), PD (0.28 ± 0.45 and 0.12 ± 0.33 respectively) and PLI (1.20 ± 0.46 and 0.75 ± 0.64 respectively). No significant mean difference in TM and CI was found between the abutment and non-abutment teeth (P > 0.05). Conclusions: With carefully planned prosthetic treatment and adequate maintenance of the oral and denture hygiene, we can prevent the periodontal diseases.
The diagnosis and therapeutic protocols of approximal caries by final-year dental students at Al-Quds University, Palestine
Authors: Rabi Tarek H. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Introduction: In this study, the major criterion used by 69 final-year dental students of Al-Quds University, Palestine, to ascertain the presence of approximal carious lesions through radiographs, and their subsequent treatment plan is outlined. Methods: This study was designed to be cross-sectional, whereby a questionnaire containing schematic radiographic diagrams of approximal carious lesions in molars of deciduous and permanent dentition were depicted. Th e extent of caries was divided into fi ve groups indicating different levels of enamel and dentin involvement: Caries extending to the external one-third of enamel, external two-thirds of enamel, up to the dentino-enamel junction (DEJ), external one-third of dentin, and two-thirds of dentin. Results: The absolute and relative frequencies of the study group′s responses were recorded. Th e treatment decisions taken for caries in deciduous and permanent dentition were neither affected by age nor gender. Of the 69 subjects, 26.1% (18/69) chose to treat the approximal caries when it had spread to the DEJ in the deciduous dentition and 39.1% (27/69) chose to treat caries at the DEJ in the permanent dentition, showing a significant statistical variation in response. When studying the difference in response to treating deciduous and permanent dentitions, treating a lesion at the DEJ and within the outer third of dentin in deciduous dentition was lower than the latter in permanent dentition, with a treatment response of 26.1% (18/69) for deciduous and 39.1% (27/69) for permanent dentition for a lesion at the DEJ, and 24.3% (17/69) in deciduous and 33.3% (23/69) for permanent dentition for a lesion in the outer third of dentin. Conclusion: These results show a significant difference in the choice to treat approximal caries in deciduous and permanent dentitions, indicating a greater preference for treating caries within dentin in permanent dentition than in deciduous dentition.