bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Face validity and washback effects of the shortened PTE Academic: insights from teachers in Mainland China
Authors: Wang Jingwen , Zheng Ying , Zou Yi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPearson Test of English Academic (PTE Academic), a high-stakes English language proficiency test, underwent substantial revisions in 2021. The test duration was reduced from 3 h to 2 h by reducing specific task numbers and sections. This study investigates the impact of these changes on teachers’ perceptions and teaching practices, areas previously underexplored in language assessment literature. It focuses on the implications of the test’s modifications, examining the face validity and washback effects through the lens of teachers in mainland China. Semi-structured interviews with four experienced PTE Academic test trainers, who were familiar with both the original and revised test formats, reveals that the revised PTE Academic is perceived to maintain strong face validity, particularly noted in its academic authenticity, balanced skill structure, and perceived result accuracy. Additionally, most teachers perceived an increase in test difficulty. A mixed washback effect was observed: while improvements in students’ language competence—a positive outcome—were noted, teachers also reported a continued reliance on teaching test-oriented strategies for higher-scoring tasks, indicating negative washback. This study highlights the significant implications of reducing PTE Academic’s duration and offers targeted recommendations for its future improvement. These suggestions aim to enhance students’ academic language skills, thereby better aligning PTE Academic with the practical language abilities required in university settings.
Revisiting interseismic deformation in Nankai: focusing on slip-deficit accumulation in the ETS zone and comparison with Cascadia
Authors: Li Shaoyang , Chen Ling 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVarious stress-releasing phenomena, such as episodic tremor and slip (ETS) and low-frequency earthquakes, occur at the downdip seismogenic zone in southwest Japan. However, it is unclear how much net stress and slip deficit accumulate at these depths during the interseismic phase. Here, we perform both elastic and viscoelastic earthquake-cycle forward models and reassess the locking state in Nankai from a synthesized perspective with the aid of geodetic modeling results. Our results suggest that the overestimation of the locking depth due to ignoring Earth’s viscoelasticity is much smaller (less than 5 km) in this early interseismic subduction zone compared to that (~ 10 km) of late-interseismic margins. Considering viscoelastic modeling results and other physical arguments, the preferred steady-state viscosities for the continental and oceanic mantle are 5 × 1019 Pa s and 1020 Pa s, respectively. We find a clear trade-off between the full locking depth and the width of the transition zone when explaining both horizontal and vertical geodetic data, demanding other data to further resolve this inherent ambiguity. Unlike in Cascadia, partial megathrust locking in Nankai likely penetrates into the ETS zone, leaving no intervening gap between the shallow megathrust, where hosts large earthquakes, and the ETS zone. Assuming locking extends into the downdip of the ETS zone (i.e., 40 km), we propose a preferred viscoelastic locking model with a full locking depth of 18 km and a broad transition zone spanning a 22-km depth range. In this model, the downdip half portion of the transition zone corresponds to the ETS zone, which can accumulate certain slip deficit in a largely creeping and partially locked state. However, most of the accumulated slip deficit in the ETS zone may be accommodated aseismically simultaneously by stress-releasing phenomena, leaving limited to no budget to release during future megathrust earthquakes. We suggest that precise documentation of total slip during slow slip events, along with refinement of viscoelastic locking models, will provide new insights into the net slip budget available in the ETS zone. This will help assess the potential of future coseismic and/or postseismic slip penetrating into the ETS zone in Nankai, Cascadia and other subduction zones.
Graphical Abstract
Effects of a supplemented diet containing 7 probiotic strains (Honeybeeotic) on honeybee physiology and immune response: analysis of hemolymph cytology, phenoloxidase activity, and gut microbiome
Authors: Robino Patrizia , Galosi Livio , Bellato Alessandro , Vincenzetti Silvia , Gonella Elena , Ferrocino Ilario , Serri Evelina , Biagini Lucia , Roncarati Alessandra , Nebbia Patrizia , Menzio Chiara , Rossi Giacomo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
In this study, a probiotic mixture (Honeybeeotic) consisting of seven bacterial strains isolated from a unique population of honeybees (Apis mellifera ligustica) was used. That honeybee population was located in the Roti Abbey locality of the Marche Region in Italy, an area isolated from human activities, and genetic contamination from other honeybee populations. The aim was to investigate the effects of this probiotic mixture on the innate immunity and intestinal microbiome of healthy common honeybees in two hives of the same apiary. Hive A received a diet of 50% glucose syrup, while hive B received the same syrup supplemented with the probiotics, both administered daily for 1 month. To determine whether the probiotic altered the immune response, phenoloxidase activity and hemolymph cellular subtype count were investigated. Additionally, metagenomic approaches were used to analyze the effects on gut microbiota composition and function, considering the critical role the gut microbiota plays in modulating host physiology.

Results
The results revealed differences in hemocyte populations between the two hives, as hive A exhibited higher counts of oenocytoids and granulocytes. These findings indicated that the dietary supplementation with the probiotic mixture was safe and well-tolerated. Furthermore, phenoloxidase activity significantly decreased in hive B (1.75 ± 0.19 U/mg) compared to hive A (3.62 ± 0.44 U/mg, p < 0.005), suggesting an improved state of well-being in the honeybees, as they did not require activation of immune defense mechanisms. Regarding the microbiome composition, the probiotic modulated the gut microbiota in hive B compared to the control, retaining core microbiota components while causing both positive and negative variations. Notably, several genes, particularly KEGG genes involved in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) transport, were more abundant in the probiotic-fed group, suggesting an effective nutritional supplement for the host.

Conclusions
This study advocated that feeding with this probiotic mixture induces beneficial immunological effects and promoted a balanced gut microbiota with enhanced metabolic activities related to digestion. The use of highly selected probiotics was shown to contribute to the overall well-being of the honeybees, improving their immune response and gut health.
Ethical considerations in public engagement: developing tools for assessing the boundaries of research and involvement
Authors: Garcia-Iglesias Jaime , Beange Iona , Davidson Donald , Goopy Suzanne , Huang Huayi , Murray Fiona , Porteous Carol , Stevenson Elizabeth , Rhodes Sinead , Watson Faye , Fletcher-Watson Sue 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPublic engagement with research (PEwR) has become increasingly integral to research practices. This paper explores the process and outcomes of a collaborative effort to address the ethical implications of PEwR activities and develop tools to navigate them within the context of a University Medical School. The activities this paper reflects on aimed to establish boundaries between research data collection and PEwR activities, support colleagues in identifying the ethical considerations relevant to their planned activities, and build confidence and capacity among staff to conduct PEwR projects. The development process involved the creation of a taxonomy outlining key terms used in PEwR work, a self-assessment tool to evaluate the need for formal ethical review, and a code of conduct for ethical PEwR. These tools were refined through iterative discussions and feedback from stakeholders, resulting in practical guidance for researchers navigating the ethical complexities of PEwR. Additionally, reflective prompts were developed to guide researchers in planning and conducting engagement activities, addressing a crucial aspect often overlooked in formal ethical review processes. The paper reflects on the broader regulatory landscape and the limitations of existing approval and governance processes, and prompts critical reflection on the compatibility of formal approval processes with the ethos of PEwR. Overall, the paper offers insights and practical guidance for researchers and institutions grappling with ethical considerations in PEwR, contributing to the ongoing conversation surrounding responsible research practices.
Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis caused by Tsukamurella inchonensis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Yamaguchi Ryo , Kashiwagi Mana , Ichijo Kiyomi , Kobayashi Yu , Matsuoka Tomomi , Horikoshi Shu , Takashima Hiroyuki , Abe Masanori 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis is a serious complication that can lead to PD discontinuation and mortality. Tsukamurella species are uncommon opportunistic pathogens that can cause peritonitis, often necessitating catheter removal.

Case presentation
A 46-year-old woman with a 1.5-year history of PD presented with fever and lower abdominal pain, along with cloudy peritoneal effluent showing an elevated cell count. Empiric antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, and ceftazidime was started for PD-associated peritonitis. The peritoneal effluent culture yielded a gram-positive rod with weak acid-fast staining. A rebound in the cell count necessitated a switch of antibiotics to meropenem and vancomycin. This led to improvement, and the treatment was switched to oral levofloxacin on day 30 and the patient was discharged on day 35. Subsequently, 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed the isolate as Tsukamurella inchonensis.

Conclusion
This case highlights the challenges in identifying and treating Tsukamurella peritonitis. Successful treatment without catheter removal in this case suggests that early detection and appropriate antibiotics may enable catheter salvage in this rare infection. However, further research is needed to establish optimal treatment strategies.
Retrospective evaluation of the predictive value of tumour burden at baseline [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC or -TATE PET/CT and tumour dosimetry in GEP-NET patients treated with PRRT
Authors: Gålne Anni , Sundlöv Anna , Enqvist Olof , Sjögreen Gleisner Katarina , Larsson Erik , Trägårdh Elin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
There is a lack of validated imaging biomarkers for prediction of response to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). The primary objective was to evaluate if tumour burden at baseline PET/CT could predict treatment outcomes to PRRT with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE. Secondary objectives were to evaluate if there was a correlation between tumour burden and mean tumour absorbed dose (AD) during first cycle, and if mean tumour AD or the relative change of tumour burden at first follow-up PET/CT could predict progression free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS).

Methods
Patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (GEP-NET) treated with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE PRRT were retrospectively included. Tumour burden was quantified from [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC/TATE PET/CT-images at baseline and first follow-up and expressed as; whole-body somatostatin receptor expressing tumour volume (SRETVwb), total lesion somatostatin receptor expression (TLSREwb), largest tumour lesion diameter and highest SUVmax. The relative change of tumour burden was evaluated in three categories. Mean tumour AD was estimated from the first cycle of PRRT. PFS was defined as time from start of PRRT to radiological or clinical progression. OS was evaluated as time to death. Kaplan Meier survival curves and log-rank test were used to compare PFS and OS between different groups.

Results
Thirty-one patients had a baseline PET/CT < 6 months before treatment and 25 had a follow-up examination. Median tumour burden was 132 ml (IQR 61–302) at baseline and 71 ml (IQR 36–278) at follow-up. Twenty-two patients had disease progression (median time to progression 17.2 months) and 9 patients had no disease progression (median follow-up 28.7 months). SRETVwb dichotomized by the median at baseline was not associated with longer PFS (p = 0.861) or OS (p = 0.937). Neither TLSREwb, largest tumour lesion or SUVmax showed significant predictive value. There was a moderately strong correlation, however, between SUVmax and mean tumour AD r = 0.705, p < 0.001, but no significant correlation between SRETVwb nor TLSREwb and mean tumour AD. An increase of SRETVwb, TLSREwb or largest tumour lesion at first follow-up PET/CT was significantly correlated with shorter PFS/OS.

Conclusion
Tumour burden at baseline showed no predictive value of PFS/OS after PRRT in this small retrospective study. An increase of tumour burden was predictive of worse outcome.
Assessment and analysis of polydimethylsiloxane-coated solar photovoltaic panels for cost-efficient solutions
Authors: Ali Mohd Syukri , Awalin Lilik Jamilatul , Abdul Jaafar Amirul Syafiq , Omar Azimah , Abu Bakar Ab Halim , Abd Rahim Nasrudin , Abd Halim Syahirah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSolar photovoltaic (PV) is a crucial renewable energy source in the fight against carbon dioxide emissions, aligning well with growing energy demands. However, solar PV efficiency naturally degrades over time, primarily due to uncontrollable outdoor factors such as irradiance, humidity, shading, soiling, aging, and temperature. These collectively lead to decreased efficiency in PV systems. Soiling on PV glass surfaces significantly impacts light penetration and subsequently reduces power generation. To combat this, a self-cleaning nano-calcium carbonate coating has been proposed. The effectiveness of this method is compared with a developed solar PV thermal (PV/T) system, evaluating both performance and cost-effectiveness. After six months of outdoor exposure, the coated glass solar PV achieved an efficiency of 7.6%, surpassing bare glass solar PV at 6.0%. Moreover, the coated glass solution boasts exceptional cost-effectiveness, incurring only an annual expense of 17.6 USD per panel compared to the PV/T system of 59.8 USD per panel. These findings highlight the potential of coatings to enhance solar PV performance and economics, particularly in addressing challenging uncontrollable factors like soiling.
Mathematical modeling of the effects of thickness and temperature on thin-layer drying kinetics of oven-dried cooking bananas (Musa spp., sub. grp. ABB) slices
Authors: Chigbo Kenechukwu Sixtus , Linus-Chibuezeh Adindu , Moufunanya Umunna Francis , Adindu-Linus Chidiamara Onyinyechi , Adepoju Feyisayo O. , Eke Akachukwu Ben , Okechukwu Queency N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCooking bananas is a major beneficial food in developing countries that is involved in improving human well-being and health. However, owing to its high moisture content, it quickly deteriorates. Understanding the dehydration mechanism of raw banana slices is important for subsequent processing, preservation, transportation, and product quality. Thus, this study investigates the influence of slice thickness (5, 10, and 15 mm) at varying temperatures (45, 55, and 65 °C) in a convective oven dryer on thin-layer drying kinetics and extrapolates their effect on the drying kinetics of cooking banana slices. As the temperature and slice thickness increased, the drying time also increased. Midilli’s model was found to be the best for explaining the experimental data. The effective moisture diffusivity ranged from 1.393 × 10 −8 to 8.889 10 −8 m2/s. The dependence of moisture diffusivity on temperature was described by an Arrhenius-type equation, and the activation energies were found to be 23.599, 24.804, and 24.223 kJ/mol for thicknesses of 5, 10, and 15 mm, respectively.
Engagement and retention in digital mental health interventions: a narrative review
Authors: Boucher Eliane M. , Raiker Joseph S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
While many digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) have been shown to be effective, such interventions also have been criticized for poor engagement and retention rates. However, several questions remain about how users engage with DMHIs, how to define engagement, and what factors might help improve DMHI engagement.

Main abstract
In this narrative review, we show that although DMHIs are criticized for poor engagement, research suggests engagement rates are quite variable across studies and DMHIs. In some instances, engagement rates are high, even in real-world settings where there is evidence of a subset of users who could be considered ‘superusers’. We then review research on the barriers and facilitators to DMHI engagement, highlighting that qualitative research of users’ perceptions does not always align with quantitative research assessing relationships between these barriers/facilitators and actual engagement with DMHIs. We also introduce several potential issues in conceptualizations of DMHI engagement that may explain the mixed findings, including inconsistent definitions of engagement and assumptions about linear relationships between engagement and outcomes. Finally, we outline evidence suggesting that engagement with DMHIs is comparable to mobile application use broadly as well as engagement with more traditional forms of mental health care (i.e., pharmacological, psychotherapy).

Conclusions
In order to increase the number of people who can benefit from DMHIs, additional research on engagement and retention is necessary. Importantly, we believe it is critical that this research move away from several existing misconceptions about DMHI engagement. We make three recommendations for research on DMHI engagement that we believe, if addressed, are likely to substantially improve the impact of DMHIs: (1) the need to adopt a clearly defined, common definition of engagement, (2) the importance of exploring patterns of optimal engagement rather than taking a ‘one size fits all’ approach, and (3) the importance of defining success within DMHIs based on outcomes rather than the frequency or duration of a user’s engagement with that DMHI.
Association Between Antidepressants and Antianxiety Medications and Weight Gain in Korean Adults Aged 19 to 39 Years
Authors: Huh Youn , Kim Hae-Rim , Park Hye Soon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context
The number of young Koreans using antidepressants and antianxiety medications is increasing.

Objective
Studies evaluating the association between these medications and weight gain are limited. We investigated this association among Korean young adults.

Methods
We included 792 022 participants aged 19 to 39 years who underwent Korean National Health Insurance Service health examinations more than twice between 2009 and 2019. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between antidepressants and antianxiety medications and weight gain.

Results
The participants’ average age and body mass index were 29.4 ± 4.7 years and 23.0 ± 3.6, respectively. The proportions of weight gain of 10 kg/year or more were 1.7%; 2.4%; 2.9%; and 4.1% in individuals using neither antidepressants nor antianxiety medications; only antianxiety medications; only antidepressants; and both antidepressants and antianxiety medications, respectively. Compared with individuals using neither antidepressants nor antianxiety medications, the rate ratios (95% CI) for weight gain of 10 kg/year or more were higher in those using only antianxiety medications; only antidepressants; and both antidepressants and antianxiety medications; at 1.77 (1.69-1.85); 2.15 (2.05-2.0); and 3.04 (2.91-3.18), respectively.

Conclusion
Using antidepressants and antianxiety medications may contribute to an increased risk of weight gain among Korean young adults. The potential risk for weight gain should be considered when those medications are used and the prevention of weight gain is needed.
Adiponectin and Adiponectin Receptors in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Gianopoulos Ioanna , Mantzoros Christos S , Daskalopoulou Stella S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Adiponectin is an abundantly secreted hormone that communicates information between the adipose tissue, and the immune and cardiovascular systems. In metabolically healthy individuals, adiponectin is usually found at high levels and helps improve insulin responsiveness of peripheral tissues, glucose tolerance, and fatty acid oxidation. Beyond its metabolic functions in insulin-sensitive tissues, adiponectin plays a prominent role in attenuating the development of atherosclerotic plaques, partially through regulating macrophage-mediated responses. In this context, adiponectin binds to its receptors, adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and AdipoR2 on the cell surface of macrophages to activate a downstream signaling cascade and induce specific atheroprotective functions. Notably, macrophages modulate the stability of the plaque through their ability to switch between proinflammatory responders, and anti-inflammatory proresolving mediators. Traditionally, the extremes of the macrophage polarization spectrum span from M1 proinflammatory and M2 anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Previous evidence has demonstrated that the adiponectin-AdipoR pathway influences M1-M2 macrophage polarization; adiponectin promotes a shift toward an M2-like state, whereas AdipoR1- and AdipoR2-specific contributions are more nuanced. To explore these concepts in depth, we discuss in this review the effect of adiponectin and AdipoR1/R2 on 1) metabolic and immune responses, and 2) M1-M2 macrophage polarization, including their ability to attenuate atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, and their potential as therapeutic targets for clinical applications.