bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Garantia de direitos e diálogo com a diversidade no cotidiano escolar da Educação Básica
Authors: Eyng Ana Maria , Ens Romilda Teodora 
Published: July 2014

O estudo apresenta uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades de garantia de direitos e diálogo com a diversidade no cotidiano escolar para a efetivação da Educação Básica de qualidade social identificados nas representações dos sujeitos da/na escola. A análise foi realizada com base na diversidade de traços e nas representações de 489 alunos, 126 pais, 50 professores, 20 gestores e 39 funcionários que circulam e significam o espaço escolar sobre expectativa de direitos, direitos fundamentais e finalidade da educação em 14 escolas públicas de Educação Básica de Curitiba e região metropolitana, sendo todas situadas em locais de grande vulnerabilidade social. As vozes dos sujeitos da escola confirmam e alertam sobre a educação como expectativa de direito e o respeito como direito fundamental, o que mostra a necessidade de políticas educacionais que orientem as propostas de formação inicial e continuada de professores nessa perspectiva.
Earliest Holocene south Greenland ice sheet retreat within its late Holocene extent
Authors: Carlson Anders E. , Winsor Kelsey , Ullman David J. , Brook Edward J. , Rood Dylan H. , Axford Yarrow , LeGrande Allegra N. , Anslow Faron S. , Sinclair Gaylen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEarly Holocene summer warmth drove dramatic Greenland ice sheet (GIS) retreat. Subsequent insolation‐driven cooling caused GIS margin readvance to late Holocene maxima, from which ice margins are now retreating. We use 10Be surface exposure ages from four locations between 69.4°N and 61.2°N to date when in the early Holocene south to west GIS margins retreated to within these late Holocene maximum extents. We find that this occurred at 11.1 ± 0.2 ka to 10.6 ± 0.5 ka in south Greenland, significantly earlier than previous estimates, and 6.8 ± 0.1 ka to 7.9 ± 0.1 ka in southwest to west Greenland, consistent with existing 10Be ages. At least in south Greenland, these 10Be ages likely provide a minimum constraint for when on a multicentury timescale summer temperatures after the last deglaciation warmed above late Holocene temperatures in the early Holocene. Current south Greenland ice margin retreat suggests that south Greenland may have now warmed to or above earliest Holocene summer temperatures.
Modular Synthesis of Phenanthro[9,10‐c]thiophenes by a Sequence of CH Activation, Suzuki Cross‐Coupling and Photocyclization Reactions
Authors: Schnapperelle Ingo , Bach Thorsten 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA total number of 15 different 3,4‐diarylthiophenes were synthesized, which bear a chlorine atom in ortho‐position of one of the aryl substituents. One aryl group was introduced by an oxidative cross‐coupling reaction, involving a CH activation at C4(3) of the thiophene core. The other aryl group was in most cases introduced by a Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction, which succeeded the oxidative cross‐coupling step. Photocyclization reactions of the 3,4‐diarylthiophenes were performed in a solvent mixture of benzene and acetonitrile (50:50 v/v) at λ=254 nm and proceeded to the title compounds in yields of 60–82 %. The selectivity of the photocyclization was determined at the ortho‐chloro‐substituted aryl ring by the position of the chlorine substituent. At the other ring, a single regioisomer was observed for phenyl and para‐substituted phenyl groups. For 2‐naphthyl and ortho‐substituted phenyl rings a clear preference was observed in favor of a major regioisomer, while meta‐substitution in the phenyl ring led to a about 1:1 mixture of 5‐ and 7‐substituted phenanthro[9,10‐c]thiophenes. Mechanistically, the photocyclization is likely to occur as a photochemically allowed, conrotatory [(4n+2)π] process accompanied by elimination of HCl. It was shown for two phenanthro[9,10‐c]thiophene products that they can be readily brominated in positions C1 and C3 (74–77 %), which in turn allows for further functionalization at these positions, for example, in the course of halogen–metal exchange and polymerization reactions.
Facile Access to 1H‐Indazoles through Iodobenzene‐Catalyzed C–H Amination under Mild, Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Kashiwa Mitsuhiro , Sonoda Motohiro , Tanimori Shinji 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe transition‐metal‐ and halogen‐free synthesis of N‐aryl‐substituted 1H‐indazole and derivatives was accomplished on the basis of the iodobenzene‐catalyzed intramolecular C–H amination of hydrazones under mild conditions. Reactions of hydrazones derived from ketones and hydrazines with a catalytic amount of iodobenzene in the presence of Oxone as an oxidant in trifluoroacetic acid took place to afford 1H‐indazoles in moderate to good yields. A plausible reaction mechanism was described on the basis of the control experiments.
The Southern Bluefin Tuna Dispute Revisited: How Far Have We Come?
Authors: Schiffman Howard S. , MacPhee Briony Patricia 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Southern Bluefin Tuna dispute of the late 1990s will long be remembered as one of the most important fishery disputes of all time, influencing both ocean governance and international dispute settlement. This commentary explores the legacy of that dispute with a particular emphasis on the growth and development of the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna and how the regime is functioning with the addition of several new members. We will focus also on the specific challenges to the conservation and management of the southern bluefin tuna. This includes biological parameters and the legal and political landscape of global fisheries conservation generally. Finally, we will explore emerging conservation strategies to assist the recovery of this highly valuable fish species.
Evolution of ferroelectricity in tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil as a function of pressure and temperature
Authors: Dengl Armin , Beyer Rebecca , Peterseim Tobias , Ivek Tomislav , Untereiner Gabriele , Dressel Martin 
Published: July 2014

The neutral-to-ionic phase transition in the mixed-stack charge-transfer complex tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil (TTF-CA) has been studied by pressure-dependent infrared spectroscopy up to p = 11 kbar and down to low temperatures, T = 10 K. By tracking the C=O antisymmetric stretching mode of CA molecules, we accurately determine the ionicity of TTF-CA in the pressure-temperature phase diagram. At any point, the TTF-CA crystal bears only a single ionicity; there is no coexistence region or an exotic high-pressure phase. Our findings shed new light on the role of electron-phonon interaction in the neutral-ionic transition.
Multiple types of motives don't multiply the motivation of West Point cadets
Authors: Wrzesniewski Amy , Schwartz Barry , Cong Xiangyu , Kane Michael , Omar Audrey , Kolditz Thomas 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Virtually any sustained, effortful activity can be motivated by factors internal to the activity (e.g., scientists pursuing discoveries) or instrumental to it (e.g., scientists pursuing promotions or status). Research in economics and psychology suggests that instrumental motives (often called “extrinsic motives”) undermine the positive impact of internal motives (often called “intrinsic motives”). However, despite 40 y of research, mostly using laboratory-based manipulations, the effect of instrumental motives on the impact of internal motives remains controversial, and naturalistic, long-term tests of its existence are lacking. We show that holding both internal and instrumental motives for attending West Point harms outcomes associated with persistence and performance quality in a sample of over 10,000 cadets over periods spanning up to 14 y.
Both protein dynamics and ligand concentration can shift the binding mechanism between conformational selection and induced fit
Authors: Greives Nicholas , Zhou Huan-Xiang 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Mechanisms of protein–ligand binding have long generated interest in wide circles, including enzyme catalysis, receptor function, and drug design. This study reconciles some of the conflicting views. Using simulations of a model protein–ligand system, we demonstrate that neither conformational selection (CS) nor induced fit (IF) is the sole mechanism governing protein–ligand binding. Instead, both intrinsic and extrinsic factors can shift the binding mechanism between CS and IF. CS dominates when both protein conformational transition rate and ligand concentration are low. With the increase of either factor, the binding mechanism shifts to IF. The rigorous theoretical framework established here can guide experiments and simulations in determining the fraction of binding events achieved via either CS or IF.
COSMOS: Python library for massively parallel workflows
Authors: Gafni Erik , Luquette Lovelace J. , Lancaster Alex K. , Hawkins Jared B. , Jung Jae-Yoon , Souilmi Yassine , Wall Dennis P. , Tonellato Peter J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Summary: Efficient workflows to shepherd clinically generated genomic data through the multiple stages of a next-generation sequencing pipeline are of critical importance in translational biomedical science. Here we present COSMOS, a Python library for workflow management that allows formal description of pipelines and partitioning of jobs. In addition, it includes a user interface for tracking the progress of jobs, abstraction of the queuing system and fine-grained control over the workflow. Workflows can be created on traditional computing clusters as well as cloud-based services.
Availability and implementation: Source code is available for academic non-commercial research purposes. Links to code and documentation are provided at http://lpm.hms.harvard.edu and http://wall-lab.stanford.edu .
Contact: dpwall@stanford.edu or peter_tonellato@hms.harvard.edu .
Supplementary information : Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Relationship Between Brand‐Specific Alcohol Advertising on Television and Brand‐Specific Consumption Among Underage Youth
Authors: Ross Craig S. , Maple Emily , Siegel Michael , DeJong William , Naimi Timothy S. , Ostroff Joshua , Padon Alisa A. , Borzekowski Dina L. G. , Jernigan David H. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundBeing able to investigate the relationship between underage drinkers' preferences for particular brands and their exposure to advertising for those brands would represent a significant advance in alcohol marketing research. However, no previous national study has examined the relationship between underage youth exposure to brand‐specific alcohol advertising and consumption of those brands.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional, Internet‐based survey of a national sample of 1,031 youth, ages 13–20, who had consumed at least 1 drink of alcohol in the past 30 days. We ascertained all alcohol brands consumed by respondents in the past 30 days. The main outcome measure was brand‐specific consumption during the past 30 days, measured as a dichotomous variable. The main predictor variable was exposure to brand‐specific alcohol advertising on television. The respondents reported which of 20 television shows popular with youth they had watched during the past 30 days. For each respondent, we calculated a standard measure of potential exposure to the brand‐specific alcohol advertising that aired on those shows during the preceding 12 months, based on Nielsen (New York, NY) estimates of the youth audience for each show's telecasts.ResultsCompared to no brand‐specific advertising exposure, any exposure was associated with an increased likelihood of brand‐specific consumption (adjusted odds ratio 3.02; 95% confidence interval: 2.61–3.49) after controlling for several individual‐ and brand‐level variables. When measured as a continuous variable, the relationship between advertising exposure and brand consumption was nonlinear, with a large association at lower levels of exposure and diminishing incremental effects as the level of exposure increased.ConclusionsThere is a robust relationship between youth's brand‐specific exposure to alcohol advertising on television and their consumption of those same alcohol brands during the past 30 days. This study provides further evidence of a strong association between alcohol advertising and youth drinking behavior.
Self‐Socialization of Gender in African American, Dominican Immigrant, and Mexican Immigrant Toddlers
Authors: Zosuls Kristina M. , Ruble Diane N. , Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. 
Published: July 2014

This article advances a self‐socialization perspective demonstrating that children's understanding of both gender categories represents an intergroup cognition that is foundational to the development of gender‐stereotyped play. Children's (N = 212) gender category knowledge was assessed at 24 months and play was observed at 24 and 36 months. Higher levels of gender category knowledge and, more specifically, passing multiple measures of knowledge of both gender categories at 24 months was related to increases in play over time with gender‐stereotyped toys (doll, truck), but not gender‐stereotyped forms of play (nurturing, motion). In contrast to the long‐standing focus on self‐labeling, findings indicate the importance of intergroup cognitions in self‐socialization processes and demonstrate the generalizability of these processes to a diverse sample.
Non‐thermal plasmas: novel preventive and curative therapy against melanomas?
Authors: Gesbert Franck , Larue Lionel 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMalignant melanoma is a very aggressive cancer with a very poor short‐term prognosis once metastatic. For years, there was no efficient adjuvant therapy after surgery. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy provided hope, but not victory. Further efforts are therefore required, to find new ways to cure this disease. Physics has, once again, opened up new possibilities for treatment, through the use of non‐equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma (NEAPP). The curative potential of this technique was initially assessed on cancer cells, among which melanoma. In a recent issue, Yajima et al. use NEAPP on benign nevi, as a preventive treatment.
Optimising environmental watering of floodplain wetlands for fish
Authors: Beesley Leah , King Alison J. , Gawne Ben , Koehn John D. , Price Amina , Nielsen Daryl , Amtstaetter Frank , Meredith Shaun N. 
Published: July 2014

Summary

Flow alteration has reduced connectivity between many of the world's rivers and their floodplains, causing changes in riverine productivity and the isolation of floodplain wetlands. Environmental water is being increasingly used to help restore wetland habitats and their biota, including fish. However, some of these managed deliveries of water occur into discrete wetlands via artificial structures or at unseasonal times and may not deliver the expected gains in fish production.

In the Murray River, south‐eastern Australia, we examined the relationship between attributes of watering and fish production (species‐specific recruitment, total abundance), at two time intervals: short term (6–8 weeks after watering) and at the end of the spawning season (April) for 26 discrete watering events. The study also recognised the importance of habitat in mediating fish responses to watering and examined whether fish abundance after environmental water delivery is better predicted by attributes of watering or wetland characteristics?

We found that attributes of watering, including water source, its method of delivery and timing, best described fish recruitment (0+ abundance) and total fish abundance. Managers of environmental water may be able to optimise fish recruitment and abundance if they source their water from the river and deliver it during the spawning period of the target species via means that facilitate fish passage.
A Randomized, blinded assessor study to Evaluate the efFIcacy and safety of etanercept 50 mg once weekly plus as Needed topical agent vs. Etanercept 50 mg twice weekly in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (REFINE)
Authors: Papp K.A. , Barber K. , Bissonnette R. , Bourcier M. , Lynde C.W. , Poulin Y. , Shelton J. , Toole J. , Vieira A. , Poulin‐Costello M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundTopical corticosteroids are used with systemic therapies for treatment of plaque psoriasis, but data from randomized clinical trials to document efficacy of combination therapy are lacking.ObjectiveTo evaluate efficacy and safety of adding topical corticosteroid therapy from the time that etanercept dosage is reduced from initial label dose [50 mg twice weekly (BIW)] to maintenance dose [50 mg once weekly (QW)].MethodsIn this phase 3b, multicentre, randomized, open‐label study, patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis received etanercept 50 mg BIW for 12 weeks, and then were randomized to etanercept 50 mg BIW or 50 mg QW plus topical agent as needed to achieve static physician global assessment (sPGA) status of clear for 12 weeks. Endpoints included percentage change in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score from week 12 to week 24 (primary endpoint); proportion of patients achieving 50% improvement in (PASI 50), PASI 75 and PASI 90; patients achieving sPGA of clear/almost clear; and change in affected body surface area (BSA).ResultsMean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] between etanercept arm (n = 140) and etanercept plus topical arm (n = 142) in change in PASI score from week 12 to week 24 was 16.2% (−3.5%, 35.8%). PASI response rates were similar between groups. Percentage (95% CI) of patients achieving sPGA status of clear/almost clear was 40.6% (32.5%, 48.6%) and 45.8% (37.6%, 54.0%) at week 12 for patients in etanercept and etanercept plus topical arms, respectively, and 53.5% (45.3%, 61.7%) and 45.4% (37.2%, 53.6%) at week 24. Difference (95% CI) between groups in change in affected BSA from week 12 to week 24 was 4.9% (−23.4%, 33.2%).ConclusionPatients who received etanercept 50 mg QW at week 12 plus as‐needed topical therapy and those who stayed on etanercept 50 mg BIW maintained clinical response through week 24 with no notable differences in PASI responses.
Potential of the bean α‐amylase inhibitor αAI‐1 to inhibit α‐amylase activity in true bugs (Hemiptera)
Authors: Lüthi C. , Álvarez‐Alfageme F. , Li Y. , Naranjo S. E. , Higgins T. J. V. , Romeis J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTrue bugs (Hemiptera) are an important pest complex not controlled by Bt‐transgenic crops. An alternative source of resistance includes inhibitors of digestive enzymes, such as protease or amylase inhibitors. αAI‐1, an α‐amylase inhibitor from the common bean, inhibits gut‐associated α‐amylases of bruchid pests of grain legumes. Here we quantify the in vitro activity of α‐amylases of 12 hemipteran species from different taxonomic and functional groups and the in vitro inhibition of those α‐amylases by αAI‐1. α‐Amylase activity was detected in all species tested. However, susceptibility to αAI‐1 varied among the different groups. α‐Amylases of species in the Lygaeidae, Miridae and Nabidae were highly susceptible, whereas those in the Auchenorrhyncha (Cicadellidae, Membracidae) had a moderate susceptibility, and those in the Pentatomidae seemed to be tolerant to αAI‐1. The species with αAI‐1 susceptible α‐amylases represented families which include both important pest species but also predatory species. These findings suggest that αAI‐1‐expressing crops have potential to control true bugs in vivo.
Mortality due to a retained circle hook in a longfin mako shark Isurus paucus (Guitart‐Manday)
Authors: Adams D H , Borucinska J D , Maillett K , Whitburn K , Sander T E 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA female longfin mako shark Isurus paucus (Guitart‐Manday, 1966) was found moribund on the Atlantic Ocean beach near Canaveral National Seashore, Florida; the shark died shortly after stranding. Macroscopic lesions included a partially healed bite mark on the left pectoral fin, a clefted snout, pericardial effusion and a pericardial mass surrounding a 12/0 circle fishing hook. The heart, pericardial mass, gills, ovary, oviduct, shell gland, epigonal organ, liver, kidney and intrarenal and interrenal glands were processed for histopathology and examined by brightfield microscopy. Microscopic examination revealed chronic proliferative and pyogranulomatous pericarditis and myocarditis with rhabdomyolysis, fibrosis and thrombosis; scant bacteria and multifocal granular deposits of iron were found intralesionally. In addition, acute, multifocal infarcts within the epigonal organ and gill filaments were found in association with emboli formed by necrocellular material. The ovary had high numbers of atretic follicles, and the liver had diffuse, severe hepatocellular degeneration, multifocal spongiosis and moderate numbers of melanomacrophage cells. This report provides evidence of direct mortality due to systemic lesions associated with retained fishing gear in a prohibited shark species. Due to the large numbers of sharks released from both recreational and commercial fisheries worldwide, impact of delayed post‐release mortality on shark populations is an important consideration.
Ontogeny of the female femur: geometric morphometric analysis applied on current living individuals of a Spanish population
Authors: Pujol Aniol , Rissech Carme , Ventura Jacint , Badosa Joaquim , Turbón Daniel 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this study we describe the development of the female femur based on the analysis of high‐resolution radiographic images by means of geometric morphometrics, while assessing the usefulness of this method in these kinds of studies. The material analysed consisted of digital images in DICOM format (telemetries), corresponding to 184 left femora in anterior view, obtained from the database of the Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona (Spain). Bones analysed corresponded to individuals from 9 to 14 years old. Size and shape variation of the entire femur was quantified by 22 two‐dimensional landmarks. Landmark digitisation errors were assessed using Procrustes anova test. Centroid size (CS) variation with age was evaluated by an anova test. Shape variation was assessed by principal component analysis. A mancova test between the first five principal components and age, using the CS as covariable, was applied. Results indicated that both size and shape vary significantly with age. Several age‐related shape changes remained significant after removing the allometric effect. In general, an increase in the robustness of the bone and noticeable phenotypic changes in certain areas of the femur were observed. During growth in the proximal region of the femur, the collo‐diaphyseal angle decreases, the neck of the femur widens and the fovea moves to a lower position, standing more in line with the plane of the neck. Likewise, the size of the greater and lesser trochanters increase. In the distal region, a significant increase of epiphyseal dimensions was recorded, mainly in the medial condyle. The angular remodelling of the neck and the bicondylar region of the femur in females continues until 13 years old. The information provided in the present study increases our knowledge on the timing and morphology of the femur during development, and in particular the morphology of the different femoral ossification centres during development.