bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A glucose sensor via stable immobilization of the GOx enzyme on an organic transistor using a polymer brush
Authors: Welch M. Elizabeth , Doublet Thomas , Bernard Christophe , Malliaras George G. , Ober Christopher K. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTRecently, there has been significant research in the area of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) because of their superior aptitude of chemical and biological sensing. Here it is shown for the first time the incorporation of polymer brushes to a transistor. Polymer brushes were chosen for their biocompatible properties and their ability to covalently tether enzymes and other biomolecules to different surfaces. OECTs were fabricated from the conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate), PEDOT:PSS, and polymerized from the surface a mixed polymer brush of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) and poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate). The brushes were functionalized with glucose oxidase and measured in terms of electrical performance and long‐term stability. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 372–377
Biodegradable photocrosslinkable poly(depsipeptide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) for tissue engineering: Synthesis, characterization, and In vitro evaluation
Authors: Elomaa Laura , Kang Yunqing , Seppälä Jukka V. , Yang Yunzhi 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTStereolithography has become increasingly popular in scaffold fabrication due to automation and well‐controlled geometry complexity, and consequently, there is a great need for new suitable biodegradable photocrosslinkable polymers. In this study, a new type of photocrosslinkable poly(ester amide) was synthesized based on ε‐caprolactone and l‐alanine‐derived depsipeptide and was applied to fabrication of three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds by stereolithography. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infra‐red analysis confirmed the formation of new bonds during the polymer synthesis. Incorporation of depsipeptide increased the glass transition temperature and hydrophilicity of the polymer and accelerated hydrolytic degradation compared with the poly(ε‐caprolactone) homopolymer. The compressive strength of the 3D scaffolds increased with the increasing depsipeptide content. This work demonstrated that incorporation of depsipeptide into photocrosslinkable polyesters resulted in excellent cytocompatibility and tunable degradation rates and mechanical properties and thus expanded the repertoire of biomaterials suitable for 3D photofabrication of high‐resolution tissue engineering scaffolds. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 3307–3315
Supramolecular inclusion complexes of a star polymer containing cholesterol end‐capped poly(ε‐caprolactone) arms with β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Doganci Erdinc , Gorur Mesut , Uyanik Cavit , Yilmaz Faruk 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTA novel hexa‐armed and star‐shaped polymer containing cholesterol end‐capped poly(ε‐caprolactone) arms emanating from a phosphazene core (N3P3‐(PCL‐Chol)6) was synthesized by a combination of ring‐opening polymerization and “click” chemistry techniques. For this purpose, the terminal OH groups of the synthesized precursor (N3P3‐(PCL‐OH)6) were converted into –Chol through a series of reaction. Both N3P3‐(PCL‐OH)6 and N3P3‐(PCL‐Chol)6 were then employed in the preparation of supramolecular inclusion complexes (ICs) with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD). The latter formed ICs with β‐CD in higher yield. The host–guest stoichiometry (ε‐CL:β‐CD, mol:mol) in the ICs of N3P3‐(PCL‐Chol)6 was found to be 1.2. The formation of supramolecular ICs of N3P3‐(PCL‐Chol)6 with β‐CD was confirmed by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic methods, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and thermal analysis techniques. WAXD data showed that the obtained ICs with N3P3‐(PCL‐Chol)6 had a channel‐type crystalline structure, indicating the suppression of the original crystallization of N3P3‐(PCL‐Chol)6 in β‐CD cavities. Moreover, the thermal stabilities of ICs were found to be higher than those of the free star polymer and β‐CD. Furthermore, the surface properties of N3P3‐(PCL‐Chol)6 and its ICs with β‐CD were investigated by static contact angle measurements. The obtained results proved that the wettability of N3P3‐(PCL‐Chol)6 successfully increased with the formation of its ICs with β‐CD. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 3406–3420
Conservation of aquatic landscapes: ponds, lakes, and rivers as integrated systems
Authors: Sayer Carl D. 
Published: September 2014

Although many wetlands have been lost, the European lowlands still hold a mosaic of aquatic habitats covering rivers, lakes, ponds, ditches, springs, and swamps. To effectively conserve this diverse and important resource, both scientific studies and management and restoration activities need to focus on all of the watery patches in the landscape and in turn on the linkages between them. Over recent years, catchment and landscape‐based approaches to aquatic conservation have been on the rise. However, perhaps driven by a lack of legislative drivers, there remains a tendency to neglect small lakes, ponds, and headwater streams. With consideration of the current conservation scene in the UK, and using a small lowland river catchment (River Glaven, eastern England) as a case study, this paper outlines the strong need for an integrated approach to aquatic conservation that sees rivers, lakes, and ponds as habitat networks. It is proposed that river restoration needs to more fully embrace standing water habitats on floodplains (backwaters and ponds), frequently missing components in regulated rivers. Equally, is it argued that aquatic conservation strategies should focus more strongly on headwater areas where protecting/restoring networks of farmland ponds, ditches, and small streams should increase connectivity for aquatic species, while moderating floods and improving water quality for receiving systems. In this way, aquatic conservation should become a much more effective and sustainable activity with positive ecological consequences that cascade downstream and into the coastal zone. WIREs Water 2014, 1:573–585. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1045This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Disruptive ideas: public intellectuals and their arguments for action on climate change
Authors: Nisbet Matthew C. 
Published: September 2014

In this paper, I analyze three distinct groups of prominent public intellectuals arguing for action on climate change. I detail how public intellectuals establish their authority, spread their ideas, and shape political discourse, analyzing the contrasting stories that they tell about the causes and solutions to climate change. ‘Ecological Activists’ like U.S. writer/activist BillMcKibbenor Charles Sturt University (AU) philosopher Clive Hamilton argue that climate change is a symptom of a capitalist society that has dangerously exceeded the carrying capacity of the planet. They are skeptical of technological or market‐based solutions to the problem, urging the need for a global movement that dramatically re‐organizes society. ‘Smart Growth Reformers’ likeUKeconomist Nicholas Stern or former U.S. vice president Al Gore agree that climate change poses catastrophic risks but argue that those risks can be avoided if political leaders adopt the right market‐based mechanisms, enabling sustainable economic growth to continue. ‘Ecomodernists’ likeThe New York Times(U.S.) writer Andrew Revkin and Oxford University (UK) anthropologist Steve Rayner argue for recognizing the biases in how we have conventionally defined climate change as a social problem. Progress will be achieved not by relying on social protest or market‐based mechanisms, but by government investment in a diverse menu of policies that catalyze technological innovation, protect against climate impacts, and provide developing countries abundant, cleaner sources of energy. To conclude, I propose methods for building on my analysis and urge the need for forums that feature a diversity of voices, discourses, and ideas.WIREs Clim Change2014, 5:809–823. doi: 10.1002/wcc.317This article is categorized under:Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > CommunicationSocial Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
A Spectrophotometric Study of Red Pyrotechnic Flame Properties Using Three Classical Oxidizers: Ammonium Perchlorate, Potassium Perchlorate, Potassium Chlorate
Authors: Juknelevicius Dominykas , Mikoliunaite Lina , Sakirzanovas Simas , Kubilius Rytis , Ramanavicius Arunas 
Published: September 2014

Abstract Red pyrotechnic flames are mostly produced using strontium compounds. Flame color quality is dependent on the chemical composition of the mixture. The emission spectrum produced by strontium monohydroxide (SrOH) and strontium monochloride (SrCl) species in red colored flames was measured, analyzed, and compared. Chlorine was introduced into standard composition of anhydrous strontium nitrate and shellac using three different classical oxidizers – chlorine donors: potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, and ammonium perchlorate. Color points and excitation purity in CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram were calculated.
Robotic anterior resection in a patient with situs inversus: is it merely a mirror image of everything?
Authors: Foo Chi Chung , Law Wai Lun 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Situs inversus (SI) is a rare condition involving transposition of internal organs. In performing minimally invasive surgeries for these patients, exact mirror image of the usual technique may not be easily achieved, especially for right-handed surgeons. We describe a case of robotic anterior resection in a patient with rectal cancer and SI, illustrating the technique and how robotic system facilitates the procedure. A 59-year-old gentleman presented with altered bowel habit. Colonoscopy showed an obstructing tumour at 10 cm from the anal verge. Computed tomography did not show distant metastasis, but revealed the diagnosis of SI. Intraoperative laparoscopy revealed peritoneal metastasis. Total robotic, single docking, anterior resection was performed to palliate his obstructive symptoms. The operation lasted for 3 h and 24 min. Blood loss was 100 ml. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The patient was discharged on day four. The final pathology was T3N2M1.
Influence of Some Hofmeister Anions on the Krafft Temperature and Micelle Formation of Cetylpyridinium Bromide in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Islam Md. Nazrul , Sarker Khokan Chandra , Sharker Komol Kanta 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this work, the effect of some Hofmeister anions on the Krafft temperature (TK) and micelle formation of cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) have been studied. The results show that more chaotropic anions increase, while the less chaotropic ones lower the TK of the surfactant. More chaotropic I− and SCN− form contact ion pairs with the cetylpyridinium ion and reduce the electrostatic repulsion between the CPB molecules. As a result, these ions show salting‐out behavior, with a consequent increase in the TK. In contrast, less chaotropic Cl− and NO3− increase the activity of free water molecules and enhance hydration of CPB molecules, showing a decrease in the TK. A rather unusual behavior was observed in the case of SO42− and F−. These strong kosmotropes shift from their usual position in the Hofmeister series and behave like moderate chaotropes, lowering the TK of the surfactant. Because of the high charge density and the strong tendency for hydration these ions preferentially remain in the bulk. Rather than forming contact ion pairs, these ions stay away from the CPB molecules, decreasing the TK of the surfactant. In term of decreasing the TK, the ions follow the order NO3− > SO42− > Cl− > F− > Br− > SCN− > I−. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant decreases significantly in the presence of these ions due to the screening of the micelle surface charge by the excess counterions. The decreasing trend of the CMC in the presence of the salts follows the order SCN− > I− > SO42− > NO3− > Br− > Cl− > F−.
Demonstration of laser pulse amplification by stimulated Brillouin scattering
Authors: Guillaume E. , Humphrey K. , Nakamura H. , Trines R. M. G. M. , Heathcote R. , Galimberti M. , Amano Y. , Doria D. , Hicks G. , Higson E. , Kar S. , Sarri G. , Skramic M. , Swain J. , Tang K. , Weston J. , Zak P. , Alves E. P. , Fonseca R. A. , Fiúza F. , Habara H. , Tanaka K. A. , Bingham R. , Borghesi M. , Najmudin Z. , Silva L. O. , Norreys P. A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The energy transfer by stimulated Brillouin backscatter from a long pump pulse (15 ps) to a short seed pulse (1 ps) has been investigated in a proof-of-principle demonstration experiment. The two pulses were both amplified in different beamlines of a Nd:glass laser system, had a central wavelength of 1054 nm and a spectral bandwidth of 2 nm, and crossed each other in an underdense plasma in a counter-propagating geometry, off-set by

$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}10^\circ $

. It is shown that the energy transfer and the wavelength of the generated Brillouin peak depend on the plasma density, the intensity of the laser pulses, and the competition between two-plasmon decay and stimulated Raman scatter instabilities. The highest obtained energy transfer from pump to probe pulse is 2.5%, at a plasma density of

$0.17 n_{cr}$

, and this energy transfer increases significantly with plasma density. Therefore, our results suggest that much higher efficiencies can be obtained when higher densities (above

$0.25 n_{cr}$

) are used.
Stability of flow in a channel with longitudinal grooves
Authors: Moradi H. V. , Floryan J. M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe travelling wave instability in a channel with small-amplitude longitudinal grooves of arbitrary shape has been studied. The disturbance velocity field is always three-dimensional with disturbances which connect to the two-dimensional waves in the limit of zero groove amplitude playing the critical role. The presence of grooves destabilizes the flow if the groove wavenumber $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\beta $ is larger than $\beta _{tran}\approx 4.22$, but stabilizes the flow for smaller $\beta $. It has been found that $\beta _{tran}$ does not depend on the groove amplitude. The dependence of the critical Reynolds number on the groove amplitude and wavenumber has been determined. Special attention has been paid to the drag-reducing long-wavelength grooves, including the optimal grooves. It has been demonstrated that such grooves slightly increase the critical Reynolds number, i.e. such grooves do not cause an early breakdown into turbulence.
The Diagnostic Apathia Scale predicts the ability to return to work following depression or anxiety
Authors: Hellström LC , Eplov LF , Nordentoft M , Østergaard SD , Bech P 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of a new apathy rating scale in predicting the ability to return to work (RTW) in patients with depression or anxiety a year after discharge from a psychiatric hospital.MethodsWe evaluated 56 patients with depression or anxiety, who participated in an on-going randomised clinical trial using RTW as primary outcome. The degree of apathy was measured by the Diagnostic Apathia Scale, which contains six items covering the following neuropsychological symptoms: concentration/memory problems, difficulties in decision making, lassitude, tiredness/fatigue, insomnia, and reduced ability to work and engage in personal interests. The scale was analysed for psychometric validity (scalability) and for its ability to predict RTW. Finally, the predictive validity of the Diagnostic Apathia Scale regarding RTW was compared with scales measuring severity of depression/anxiety symptoms, disability, and psychological well-being.ResultsThe Diagnostic Apathia Scale displayed sufficient scalability, that is, the total score was a psychometrically valid measure of apathy. Only the Diagnostic Apathia Scale, and not the scales measuring severity of symptoms, disability, or psychological well-being, had predictive validity regarding RTW. Thus, 76% with ‘clinically significant apathy’ at baseline were unable to RTW versus 50% of the patients without apathy (p<0.05).ConclusionThe Diagnostic Apathia Scale was found to have an acceptable predictive validity in terms of patients’ ability to RTW 1 year after discharge from hospitalisation for depression or anxiety.
Dietary intake and nutritional risk in Mediterranean adolescents in relation to the severity of the eating disorder
Authors: Aparicio Estefania , Canals Josefa , Pérez Susana , Arija Victoria 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relationship between the degree of severity of eating disorders (ED) and energy and nutrient intakes and nutritional risk in a mixed-sex adolescent population without clinical symptoms.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingData were collected in schools.SubjectsAdolescents (n 495) aged 14·2 (sd 1·0) years. The Eating Attitudes Test was used to detect adolescents at risk of ED (rED) and a structured interview based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, was used to diagnose eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). Dietary intake was quantified using the 24 h recall method over three days and the probability of inadequate intake was determined.ResultsFemales presented lower intakes of energy, macronutrients and micronutrients (Ca, Fe, Mg, K, P, Na, thiamin, vitamins E, C, B6, B12, pantothenic acid, folic acid) because the severity of their ED was greater. These lower dietary intakes led to nutritional risk (for Ca, Fe, Mg, P, vitamins A, D, B6) in more than 80 % and 60 % of females with EDNOS and rED, respectively. The multiple linear regression models showed that the rED and EDNOS groups presented a lower energy intake of 1597·4 kJ/d (381·8 kcal/d) and 3153·0 kJ/d (753·6 kcal/d), respectively. In contrast, little difference was observed in the nutritional intakes of males.ConclusionsThe female adolescents showed lower energy and nutrient intakes as the ED became more severe, which led to energy, vitamin and mineral deficiencies in a high percentage of females with ED. These nutritional risks could hinder adequate physical and psychological development and lead to chronic ED.
MiR-630 inhibits proliferation by targeting CDC7 kinase, but maintains the apoptotic balance by targeting multiple modulators in human lung cancer A549 cells
Authors: Cao J-X , Lu Y , Qi J-J , An G-S , Mao Z-B , Jia H-T , Li S-Y , Ni J-H 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMicroRNAome analyses have shown microRNA-630 (miR-630) to be involved in the regulation of apoptosis. However, its apoptotic role is still debated and its participation in DNA replication is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that miR-630 inhibits cell proliferation by targeting cell-cycle kinase 7 (CDC7) kinase, but maintains the apoptotic balance by targeting multiple activators of apoptosis under genotoxic stress. We identified a novel regulatory mechanism of CDC7 gene expression, in which miR-630 downregulated CDC7 expression by recognizing and binding to four binding sites in CDC7 3'-UTR. We found that miR-630 was highly expressed in A549 and NIH3T3 cells where CDC7 was downregulated, but lower in H1299, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, HeLa and 2BS cells where CDC7 was upregulated. Furthermore, the induction of miR-630 occurred commonly in a variety of human cancer and immortalized cells in response to genotoxic agents. Importantly, downregulation of CDC7 by miR-630 was associated with cisplatin (CIS)-induced inhibitory proliferation in A549 cells. Mechanistically, miR-630 exerted its inhibitory proliferation by blocking CDC7-mediated initiation of DNA synthesis and by inducing G1 arrest, but maintains apoptotic balance under CIS exposure. On the one hand, miR-630 promoted apoptosis by downregulation of CDC7; on the other hand, it reduced apoptosis by downregulating several apoptotic modulators such as PARP3, DDIT4, EP300 and EP300 downstream effector p53, thereby maintaining the apoptotic balance. Our data indicate that miR-630 has a bimodal role in the regulation of apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Our data also support the notion that a certain mRNA can be targeted by several miRNAs, and in particular an miRNA may target a set of mRNAs. These data afford a comprehensive view of microRNA-dependent control of gene expression in the regulation of apoptosis under genotoxic stress.
Liquid crystal-enabled electro-osmosis through spatial charge separation in distorted regions as a novel mechanism of electrokinetics
Authors: Lazo Israel , Peng Chenhui , Xiang Jie , Shiyanovskii Sergij V. , Lavrentovich Oleg D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractElectrically controlled dynamics of fluids and particles at microscales is a fascinating area of research with applications ranging from microfluidics and sensing to sorting of biomolecules. The driving mechanisms are electric forces acting on spatially separated charges in an isotropic medium such as water. Here, we demonstrate that anisotropic conductivity of liquid crystals enables new mechanism of highly efficient electro-osmosis rooted in space charging of regions with distorted orientation. The electric field acts on these distortion-separated charges to induce liquid crystal-enabled electro-osmosis. Their velocities grow with the square of the field, which allows one to use an alternating current field to drive steady flows and to avoid electrode damage. Ionic currents in liquid crystals that have been traditionally considered as an undesirable feature in displays, offer a broad platform for versatile applications such as liquid crystal-enabled electrokinetics, micropumping and mixing.
Real-time imaging of pulvinus bending in Mimosa pudica
Authors: Song Kahye , Yeom Eunseop , Lee Sang Joon 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMimosa pudica is a plant that rapidly shrinks its body in response to external stimuli. M. pudica does not perform merely simple movements, but exhibits a variety of movements that quickly change depending on the type of stimuli. Previous studies have investigated the motile mechanism of the plants from a biochemical perspective. However, an interdisciplinary study on the structural characteristics of M. pudica should be accompanied by biophysical research to explain the principles underlying such movements. In this study, the structural characteristics and seismonastic reactions of M. pudica were experimentally investigated using advanced bio-imaging techniques. The results show that the key factors for the flexible movements by the pulvinus are the following: bendable xylem bundle, expandable/shrinkable epidermis, tiny wrinkles for surface modification and a xylem vessel network for efficient water transport. This study provides new insight for better understanding the M. pudica motile mechanism through structural modification.