bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PID control of integrating systems using Multiple Dominant Poleplacement method
Authors: Anil Ch. , Sree R. Padma 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSimple tuning rules for proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller are proposed for Pure Integrating Plus Time Delay systems (PIPTD), Double Integrating Plus Time Delay systems (DIPTD) and stable/unstable First Order Plus Time Delay Integrating systems (FOPTDI) based on Multiple Dominant Poleplacement (MDP) method. The main advantage of the method is that there is no time delay approximation for deriving PID settings. Tuning rules for PIPTD and DIPTD systems are given as a function of tuning parameter, and tuning parameter can be selected based on desired level of robustness (maximum magnitude of the sensitivity function, Ms). Tuning rules for FOPTDI system are given as a function of ratio of time delay to the process time constant
for Ms = 2. Simulation on various transfer function models and on non‐linear model equations of CSTR carrying out an exothermic reaction shows the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of Integral Absolute Error (IAE), Total Variation (TV), Overshoot (OS) and Ms. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contouring Control for Multi‐Axis Motion Systems With Holonomic Constraints: Theory and Application to a Parallel System
Authors: Chen Shyh‐Leh , Tsai Yuan‐Cheng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper, the contouring control problem for the constrained multi‐axis motion system is studied. The method of equivalent errors, previously proposed for unconstrained motion systems, is generalized to the system with holonomic constraints. It is shown that the method can be applied to the constrained system provided that the constraints satisfy a proper condition. Because of the constraints, the states in the control law are not completely independent. The unavailable states can be estimated using linear approximation from the constraint equations. As an illustrative example, the proposed method is applied to a parallel motion system with complicated dynamics. A contouring controller is designed using the method of equivalent errors incorporated with integral sliding mode control. Simulation results for contouring circular, elliptic, and square paths verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Lectin‐based protein microarray analysis of differences in serum alpha‐2‐macroglobulin glycosylation between patients with colorectal cancer and persons without cancer
Authors: Šunderić Miloš , Šedivá Alena , Robajac Dragana , Miljuš Goran , Gemeiner Peter , Nedić Olgica , Katrlík Jaroslav 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGlycosylation is co‐ and posttranslational modifications affecting proteins. The glycopattern changes are associated with changes in biological function and are involved in many diseases including cancer. We present the lectin‐based protein microarray method enabling determination of differences in protein glycosylation. The method involves isolation of targeted protein from samples by immunoprecipitation, spotting of protein from multiple samples into arrays on a microarray slide, incubation with set of biotinylated lectins, the reaction with fluorescent conjugate of streptavidin, and detection of fluorescent intensities by microarray scanner. Lectin‐based protein microarray was applied in investigation of differences in alpha‐2‐macroglobulin (α2M) glycosylation isolated from sera samples of healthy persons and patients with colorectal cancer (CC). From 14 lectins used in analysis, statistically significant differences (Student's t‐test, P < 0.05) between two groups of samples (persons without cancer and CC patients) were found for 5 of them. α2M molecules isolated from sera of CC patients have higher content of α2,6 sialic acid, N‐acetylglucosamine and mannose residues, and tri‐/tetraantennary complex type high‐mannose N‐glycans. A novel lectin‐based protein microarray developed and described can serve as a suitable analytical technique for sensitive, simple, fast, and high‐throughput determination of differences in protein glycosylation isolated from serum or other samples.
Socioeconomic deprivation and inpatient complication rates following mastectomy and breast reconstruction surgery
Authors: Jeevan R , Browne J P , Pereira J , Caddy C M , Sheppard C , van der Meulen J H P , Cromwell D A 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
Socioeconomic deprivation is known to influence the presentation of patients with breast cancer and their subsequent treatments, but its relationship with surgical outcomes has not been investigated. A national prospective cohort study was undertaken to examine the effect of deprivation on the outcomes of mastectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction.

Methods
Data were collected on patient case mix, operative procedures and inpatient complications following mastectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction in the English National Health Service between 1 January 2008 and 31 March 2009. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between patients' level of (regional) deprivation and the likelihood of local (mastectomy site, flap, flap donor and implant) and distant or systemic complications, after adjusting for potential confounding factors.

Results
Of 13 689 patients who had a mastectomy, 2849 (20·8 per cent) underwent immediate reconstruction. In total, 1819 women (13·3 per cent) experienced inpatient complications. The proportion with complications increased from 11·2 per cent among the least deprived quintile (Q1) to 16·1 per cent in the most deprived (Q5). Complication rates were higher among smokers, the obese and those with poorer performance status, but were not affected by age, tumour type or Nottingham Prognostic Index. Adjustment for patient-related factors only marginally reduced the association between deprivation and complication incidence, to 11·4 per cent in Q1 and 15·4 per cent in Q5. Further adjustment for length of hospital stay, hospital case volume and immediate reconstruction rate had minimal effect.

Conclusion
Rates of postoperative complications after mastectomy and breast reconstruction surgery were higher among women from more deprived backgrounds.
Functional Cell Adhesion Receptors (Integrins) in Polymeric Architectures
Authors: Zaba Christoph , Ritz Sandra , Tan Cherng‐Wen Darren , Zayni Sonja , Müller Martina , Reuning Ute , Sinner Eva‐Kathrin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntegrins, as transmembrane heterodimeric receptors, have important functions in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival apoptosis and signal transduction, in many physio‐ as well as pathophysiological settings. Characterisation of integrins and their ligand/antagonist binding is notoriously difficult, due to high integrin redundancy and ubiquity. Bypassing the intrinsic difficulties of cell‐based integrin expression, purification and reconstitution, we present for the first time the synthesis of a heterodimeric integrin receptor and its assembly into a block‐copolymeric membrane mimic. We present comprehensive data to demonstrate the synthesis of functionally active integrin αvβ3, generated by in vitro membrane‐assisted protein synthesis (iMAPS). This work represents the first step towards a robust and adaptable polymer‐based platform for characterisation of integrin–ligand interactions.
Creating a Water‐Soluble Resveratrol‐Based Antioxidant by Site‐Selective Enzymatic Glucosylation
Authors: Lepak Alexander , Gutmann Alexander , Kulmer Sandra T. , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe phytochemical resveratrol (trans‐3,5,4′‐trihydroxystilbene) has drawn great interest as health‐promoting food ingredient and potential therapeutic agent. However, resveratrol shows vanishingly low water solubility; this limits its uptake and complicates the development of effective therapeutic forms. Glycosylation should be useful to enhance resveratrol solubility, with the caveat that unselective attachment of sugars could destroy the molecule's antioxidant activity. UGT71A15 (a uridine 5′‐diphosphate α‐D‐glucose‐dependent glucosyltransferase from apple) was used to synthesize resveratrol 3,5‐β‐D‐diglucoside; this was about 1700‐fold more water‐soluble than the unglucosylated molecule (∼0.18 mM), yet retained most of the antioxidant activity. Resveratrol 3‐β‐D‐glucoside, which is the naturally abundant form of resveratrol, was a practical substrate for perfect site‐selective conversion into the target diglucoside in quantitative yield (g L−1 concentration).
Silver Iodide Nanospheres Wrapped in Reduced Graphene Oxide for Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Liu Junxue , Luan Yiliang , An Changhua , Zhang Jun , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe have prepared nanocomposites of well‐defined spherical AgI nanostructures wrapped in reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (AgI@RGO). The as‐obtained AgI@RGO nanocomposites exhibit an enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability in the degradation of organic pollutants, namely, Rhodamine B (RhB), in comparison with bare AgI nanospheres. The hybridization of AgI nanospheres with RGO nanosheets affords a good adsorptive capacity for RhB molecules, facilitated charge transfer, and suppressed recombination of electron–hole pairs. These figures of merit lead to an enhanced photocatalytic performance over AgI@RGO. This work opens new possibilities for the development of highly efficient and stable visible‐light‐driven composite photocatalysts for environmental purification.
Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of multiple ascending doses of naloxegol
Authors: Eldon Michael A. , Kugler Alan R. , Medve Robert A. , Bui Khanh , Butler Kathleen , Sostek Mark 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOpioid‐induced constipation (OIC) is the most common and often a treatment‐limiting adverse event (AE) of opioid therapy for chronic pain. Naloxegol (previously NKTR‐118), a PEGylated derivative of naloxone that has minimal penetration of the central nervous system, has received regulatory approval as an oral therapy for OIC. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multiple‐dose, dose‐escalation study was performed to assess safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of multiple doses of naloxegol in healthy volunteers. Four cohorts, each with 4 male and 4 female volunteers, were randomized 3:1 to a twice‐daily naloxegol solution (25, 60, 125, and 250 mg) or matching placebo solution. Doses were given every 12 hours for 7 days, with a single final dose on the morning of day 8. All 32 subjects completed the study. The incidence of most AEs was similar in the naloxegol and placebo groups; no AE led to study discontinuation. Naloxegol was rapidly absorbed. Plasma naloxegol pharmacokinetics showed dose proportionality, negligible accumulation at steady state, and no sex differences. Naloxegol in doses up to 250 mg every 12 hours was generally safe and well tolerated in this healthy volunteer population.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mepolizumab, an anti–interleukin 5 monoclonal antibody, in healthy Japanese male subjects
Authors: Tsukamoto Naohiro , Takahashi Naoki , Itoh Hiroshi , Pouliquen Isabelle 
Published: June 2015

AbstractInterleukin 5 (IL‐5) and eosinophils are thought to play an important role in the pathology of asthma. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of mepolizumab, a humanized anti‐IL5 IgG1 monoclonal antibody, in development for the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma. This single‐blind study randomized 35 healthy Japanese male subjects (3:1) to receive either a single mepolizumab intravenous dose (10, 75, 250, or 750 mg) or placebo. Subjects were observed for up to 151 days postdose, depending on the dose administered. Blood samples were collected to measure mepolizumab concentrations, blood eosinophils, IL‐5, and antibodies to mepolizumab. Mepolizumab exhibited dose‐proportional pharmacokinetics. The terminal phase half‐life was 19.7–34.6 days, independent of dose. Higher mepolizumab plasma concentrations were associated with lower blood eosinophil counts. Mepolizumab 75–750 mg reduced blood eosinophils for ≥3 months postdose. Mepolizumab demonstrated a favorable safety profile: of 41 reported adverse events, most were mild in severity and none were serious. No neutralizing antibodies to mepolizumab were detected. Sustained reduction in blood eosinophils after single intravenous mepolizumab doses ≥ 75 mg, along with mepolizumab pharmacokinetics and a favorable tolerability profile in healthy Japanese subjects, provides a solid foundation for future studies with mepolizumab in Japanese patients with asthma.
Safer Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: State of the Art and Perspectives
Authors: Kalhoff Julian , Eshetu Gebrekidan Gebresilassie , Bresser Dominic , Passerini Stefano 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries are becoming increasingly important for electrifying the modern transportation system and, thus, hold the promise to enable sustainable mobility in the future. However, their large‐scale application is hindered by severe safety concerns when the cells are exposed to mechanical, thermal, or electrical abuse conditions. These safety issues are intrinsically related to their superior energy density, combined with the (present) utilization of highly volatile and flammable organic‐solvent‐based electrolytes. Herein, state‐of‐the‐art electrolyte systems and potential alternatives are briefly surveyed, with a particular focus on their (inherent) safety characteristics. The challenges, which so far prevent the widespread replacement of organic carbonate‐based electrolytes with LiPF6 as the conducting salt, are also reviewed herein. Starting from rather “facile” electrolyte modifications by (partially) replacing the organic solvent or lithium salt and/or the addition of functional electrolyte additives, conceptually new electrolyte systems, including ionic liquids, solvent‐free, and/or gelled polymer‐based electrolytes, as well as solid‐state electrolytes, are also considered. Indeed, the opportunities for designing new electrolytes appear to be almost infinite, which certainly complicates strict classification of such systems and a fundamental understanding of their properties. Nevertheless, these innumerable opportunities also provide a great chance of developing highly functionalized, new electrolyte systems, which may overcome the afore‐mentioned safety concerns, while also offering enhanced mechanical, thermal, physicochemical, and electrochemical performance.
Study of Metal Etching Using Ozone Water
Authors: Hatsuki Ryuji , Yamamoto Takatoki 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYWe have proposed and experimentally demonstrated an environmental friendly, simple, and inexpensive etching method for metal using ozone water. We experimentally measured the dependencies of ozone water etching on the temperature and ozone concentration for several metals (Cr, Ni, Al, Au, and Ti), and also evaluated the surface roughness of the etched surface. The etching mechanism using ozone water can be explained by the activation energy obtained using an Arrhenius plot and a pH‐potential diagram. As a result, it was found that the etching rate was proportional to the dissolved ozone concentration and temperature, and that an atomically flat surface was obtained after etching with ozone water, although it was also found that the etching rate was very low at a few tens of nanometers per hour. It is therefore difficult to use this method for performing conventional macro‐ and microscale etching, whereas the rate is sufficiently high to use it for nanoscale (i.e., a few tens of nanometers) metal etching in nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Variable Dynamic Threshold of Jerk Signal for Contact Detection in Industrial Robots without Force Sensor
Authors: Shimada Naoki , Yoshioka Takashi , Ohishi Kiyoshi , Miyazaki Toshimasa , Yokokura Yuki 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYThis study proposes a variable dynamic threshold for a jerk signal for achieving contact detection in industrial robots. Sensorless force control is useful in applications in advanced industrial robots. The external torque of each joint is estimated accurately by using a disturbance observer and by inverse dynamics calculations. However, the phase lag of the disturbance observer and the dynamic parameter error create force estimation errors. These errors hamper quick and reliable contact detection in industrial robots. Therefore, this study proposes a useful approach to contact detection that uses a variable dynamic threshold for a jerk signal. The proposed variable dynamic threshold reduces contact detection failures caused by force estimation errors during the free motion of a robot. The proposed threshold is suitable for robot motion and improves the speed of contact detection. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed method is valid for the parameter variations in an actual industrial robot. In addition, experimental results show that the dynamic threshold is a useful technique for application to general robot systems as well. The dynamic threshold is useful in applications for any industrial sensorless force control system.
Synthesis and Reactivity of N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Glycosylamines
Authors: Cocaud Chloé , Nicolas Cyril , Bayle Alexandre , Poisson Thomas , Pannecoucke Xavier , Martin Olivier R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA study of the preparation and of the reactivity of N‐tert‐butanesulfinyl glycosylamines is reported for the first time. As they react readily as latent imine equivalents with a variety of carbon nucleophiles, these new carbohydrate derivatives constitute very useful precursors for the diastereoselective synthesis of bioactive compounds such as iminosugar‐C‐glycosides.
Organically complexed iron enhances bioavailability of antimony to maize (Zea mays) seedlings in organic soils
Authors: Ptak Corey , McBride Murray 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Antimony (Sb) is a metalloid belonging to group 15 of the periodic table. Chemical similarities between arsenic (As) and Sb produce concerns about potential health effects of Sb and enrichment in the environment. Antimony is found in oxic environments predominately as an oxyanionic species, antimonite (Sb[OH]6–). As a result of its net negative charge, Sb[OH]6– was not initially predicted to have strong interactions with natural organic matter. Oxyanionic species could bind the negatively charged organic matter via a ternary complexation mechanism, in which cationic metals mediate the strong association between organic matter functional groups and oxyanions. However, these interactions are poorly understood in how they influence the bioavailability of oxyanionic contaminants to plants. Iron (Fe) additions to organic soils have been found to increase the number of organically complexed Fe sites suitable for Sb exchange, resulting in a reduced bioavailable fraction of Sb. The bioavailability of Sb to maize seedlings as a function of organically complexed Fe was examined using a greenhouse study. A significant increase in plant tissue Sb was observed as organically complexed Fe increased, which was not predicted by methods commonly used to assess bioavailable Sb. Extraction of soils with organic acids common to the maize rhizosphere suggested that organic acid exudation can readily mobilize Sb bound by organic Fe complexes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2732–2738. © 2015 SETAC
Germacra‐1(10),5‐dien‐4α‐ol in Fortunella sp. leaf oils
Authors: Sutour Sylvain , Bradesi Pascale , Luro François , Casanova Joseph , Tomi Félix 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe composition of an oil sample isolated from leaves of Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle was investigated by combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Among the compounds present at appreciable amounts, a special attention was brought to sesquiterpenes bearing a tertiary alcohol function and particularly to germacra‐1(10),5‐dien‐4α‐ol. Indeed, identification of diastereoisomers α and β of germacra‐1(10),5‐dien‐4‐ol has been the subject of controversy in the literature. We report here for the first time 13C NMR data of the α isomer. The criteria for differentiation of both diastereoisomers are discussed. In parallel, leaf oils from four other Fortunella species (F. crassifolia, F. hindsii, F. margarita and F. obovata) have been analyzed by GC(RI) and 13C NMR. The main components of the investigated Fortunella leaf oils were β‐elemol (8.7‐30.9%), germacrene D (2.1–16.3%), β‐eudesmol (4.6–13.1%) and Δ9‐10‐eremophilen‐11‐ol (1.4–11.2%). The occurrence of germacra‐1(10),5‐dien‐4α‐ol (1.1–7.7%) was observed in the five Fortunella leaf oils. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microgrid dynamic responses enhancement using artificial neural network‐genetic algorithm for photovoltaic system and fuzzy controller for high wind speeds
Authors: Rezvani Alireza , Izadbakhsh Maziar , Gandomkar Majid 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe microgrid (MG) is described as an electrical network of small modular distributed generation, energy storage devices and controllable loads. In order to maximize the output of solar arrays, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is used by artificial neural network (ANN), and also, control of turbine output power in high wind speeds is proposed using pitch angle control technic by fuzzy logic. To track the maximum power point (MPP) in the photovoltaic (PV), the proposed ANN is trained by the genetic algorithm (GA). In other word, the data are optimized by GA, and then these optimum values are used in ANN. The simulation results show that the ANN‐GA in comparison with the conventional algorithms with high accuracy can track the peak power point under different insolation conditions and meet the load demand with less fluctuation around the MPP; also it can increase convergence speed to achieve MPP. Moreover, pitch angle controller based on fuzzy logic with wind speed and active power as inputs that have faster responses which leads to have flatter power curves enhances the dynamic responses of wind turbine. The models are developed and applied in Matlab/Simulink. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
To create without losing face: The effects of face cultural logic and social‐image affirmation on creativity
Authors: Miron‐Spektor Ella , Paletz Susannah B. F. , Lin Chun‐Chi 
Published: June 2015

SummaryCreativity is universally valued and desired. Yet, people are often reluctant to engage in creativity out of fear of being dismissed by others and losing face—the positive social image that individuals want to maintain in the presence of others. This paper investigates the effect of face logic endorsement on creativity and proposes face as a possible new explanation for cross‐cultural differences in creativity. In three studies using different creativity tasks and with participants from Japan, Israel, and the United States, participants who endorsed the cultural logic of face were less creative than those less endorsing this logic. Face logic endorsement mediated the effect of culture on the novelty and fluency dimensions of creativity (Study 1). Furthermore, social‐image affirmation moderated the effects of culture and face logic endorsement on creativity. When individuals' social image was affirmed, cultural differences in creativity were weakened (Study 2), and the within‐culture association between face logic endorsement and creativity disappeared (Study 3). We discuss the theoretical and practical implications for fostering creativity in different cultures and in multicultural settings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.