bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clustered Mutations in Human Cancer
Authors: Roberts Steven A , Gordenin Dmitry A 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMutations are the frequent cause of cancer. They are mostly viewed as independent events distributed randomly across chromosomes. However, mutation distribution can be affected by permanent or transient features of genome structure and function. The extreme form of nonrandom distributions is a mutation cluster with multiple mutations concentrated in a tiny fraction of the genome. Multiple lesions in abnormally long regions of transient single‐strandeddeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)can cause mutation clusters, which have been found in a majority of human cancer types. Mutation spectra indicated that many clusters in cancer genomes were caused by a subclass of apolipoprotein B mRNA‐editing polypeptide‐like (APOBEC) cytidine deaminases. These enzymes function to restrict retroviruses and retrotransposons by converting cytidine to uridine in single‐strandedcomplementary DNAs (cDNAs). The simple mutation spectra in clusters aided in highlighting APOBECs among the complex set of mutagenic mechanisms operating throughout many cancer genomes. Thus, clusters are an analytical tool for deciphering cancer mutation mechanisms.Key Concepts:Mutation clusters are unusually tightly spaced groups of mutations.Error‐prone translesion synthesis across multiple lesions in single‐stranded DNA is a mechanism of clustered mutagenesis.Mutation clusters have been found across many types of human cancers.Strand‐coordinated clusters can be a tool for deciphering mutagenic mechanisms operating in cancer.Mutations in C‐ or G‐coordinated clusters in human cancers are caused by a subclass of APOBEC cytidine deaminases normally serving to restrict viral and endogenous retroelements.APOBEC‐induced mutation clusters as well as single mutations are widespread through many types of human cancers.
Hamburger, Viktor
Authors: Jiang Lijing 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Viktor Hamburger (1900–2001) was a German‐American embryologist who, through investigating the relationships between the developing peripheral organs, such as limbs and the development of the central nervous system in amphibians and chicks, established neuroembryology from a tradition of experimental embryology. His work prepared the foundation upon which the nerve growth factor was discovered in his laboratory.
Genetics of Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Gorman Kristen F , Julien Cedric , Oliazadeh Niaz , Tang Qilin , Moreau Alain 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Genetic approaches to complex diseases are subject to the currently available technological innovations, and successes or failures using these approaches influence our hypotheses for the genetic contributions to complex diseases. Common complex diseases with a genetic contribution result in the bulk of healthcare expenses through chronic care. It is thought that an understanding of the genetic contributions to common complex diseases will allow for advances in disease prevention, mitigation of disease pathogenesis and curative treatments. The authors discuss genetic approaches to complex diseases from the perspective of idiopathic scoliosis, a prevalent vertebral deformity syndrome that involves the integration of clinical, psychological, mechanical, and basic science disciplines. The authors focus specifically on the different hypotheses and approaches for genetic study, drawing on past studies and discussing possible future studies, with consideration of technological innovations.

Key Concepts:

The genetic basis of idiopathic scoliosis is not well understood.

Idiopathic scoliosis is a complex deformity syndrome with a complex genetic component.

Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common form of human spinal deformity.

IS imposes a substantial healthcare cost through bracing, hospitalisations, surgery and chronic back pain.

Identification of IS genes might lead to innovations in screening and treatment.
Prevalence of antigen‐specific immunoglobulin E on mucosal brush biopsy of the inferior turbinates in patients with nonallergic rhinitis
Authors: Reisacher William R. , Bremberg Maria G. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThis study investigates the prevalence of local, antigen‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) from mucosal brush biopsy (MBB) of the inferior turbinates in people diagnosed with chronic, idiopathic, nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) based on negative skin and/or in vitro testing.MethodsA standard cytology brush was used to harvest epithelial cells from the inferior turbinates of 20 adults. These cells were then processed and tested for the presence of total and antigen‐specific IgE to 9 common aeroallergens using immunofluorescence. The relationships between detectable IgE and quality of life (QOL), self‐reported seasonal symptoms and season of specimen collection were determined.ResultsAntigen‐specific IgE for at least 1 antigen was detected on MBB in all of 20 (100%) study participants with a mean of approximately 3 sensitizations per participant. IgE to cockroach was present in 18 of 20 (90%) participants. There was no significant association noted between QOL scores or self‐reported seasonal symptoms and the presence of specific IgE to any of the study antigens, although the presence of white oak and ragweed IgE was significantly higher in patients tested during the pollen season.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that, using MBB of the inferior turbinates, antigen‐specific IgE to at least 1 airborne allergen is detectable in 100% of the idiopathic, NAR study population. This rate of sensitization is notably higher than previous reports, suggesting that the prevalence of atopic disease in the general population may be higher than current estimates. Testing for local sensitization should be considered as part of the complete evaluation for atopic disease.
Complications from office sclerotherapy for epistaxis due to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT or Osler‐Weber‐Rendu)
Authors: Hanks John E. , Hunter David , Goding George S. , Boyer Holly C. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify and evaluate adverse clinical outcomes following office‐based sclerotherapy using sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) for epistaxis due to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias (HHT or Osler‐Weber‐Rendu).MethodsA retrospective chart review of 36 adult patients treated with STS sclerotherapy for severe and/or recurrent epistaxis due to HHT was performed.ResultsA total of 153 separate treatment sessions were analyzed. Each patient underwent an average of 4.3 sessions with an average of 7 intralesional injections per session. Bleeding during the procedure was experienced by 8 patients with a maximum reported blood loss of 200 mL in 1 patient, but less than 50 mL in all others. Seven patients reported some postinjection pain, which included nasal, cheek, and eye pain. Nasal congestion, sneezing, and vasovagal responses were each noted to occur 2 times. No complications of postprocedural visual loss, deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolus, transient ischemic attack (TIA)/stroke, or anaphylaxis were encountered.ConclusionConventional therapies used in the management of HHT‐related epistaxis, such as laser coagulation, septodermoplasty, selective arterial embolization, and Young's occlusion each have specific associated complications, including worsened epistaxis, septal perforation, foul odor, nasal crusting, and compromised nasal breathing. STS is a safe office‐based treatment option for HHT‐mediated epistaxis that is associated with exceedingly few of the aforementioned serious sequelae.
Correlates of traumatic brain injury among juvenile offenders: A multi‐site study
Authors: Vaughn Michael G. , Salas‐Wright Christopher P. , DeLisi Matt , Perron Brian 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is some evidence that antisocial individuals, including young delinquents, are significantly more likely than people in the general population to incur a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Extant studies are hampered by methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes, lack of control for confounding effects, and use of single sites and may lack representativeness.HypothesisThe hypothesis for this study is that young offenders with a history of TBI will not only be at higher risk of impulsivity and negative emotionality than their non‐injured peers but also that those with TBI will have had more previous victimisation experiences.MethodsData from two sites (Philadelphia, PA and Phoenix, AZ) in a substantial longitudinal, prospective study – the Pathways to Desistance Study – were used to compare young people (average age 16 years) who reported TBI with those who did not. Independent variables were behavioural, criminogenic and psychosocial measures.ResultsMale youths were about twice as likely as young females to report TBI. Such injury was associated with higher impulsivity and negative emotion ratings, even after allowing for potentially confounding factors, including sex. In addition, TBI was independently associated with self‐reported experience of victimisation.Conclusions/implicationsThis extends the generalisability of earlier suggestions of a relationship between TBI and offending, and various factors thought likely to mediate the relationship. The implications are, thus, that it is likely to be of practical value to screen young people who get into the criminal justice system for a history of TBI, and thus to allow for more specific tailoring of interventions to reduce the range of associated problems, including likely reoffending. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unconventional Assembly of Bimetallic Au–Ni Janus Nanoparticles on Chemically Modified Silica Spheres
Authors: Jia Lei , Pei Xiaowei , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper reports that Janus AuNi nanoparticles (JANNPs) can self‐assemble onto silica spheres in a novel way, which is different from that of single‐component isotropic nanoparticles. JANNPs modified with octadecylamine (ODA) assemble onto catechol‐modified silica spheres (SiO2OH) to form a very special core–loop complex structure and finally the core–loop assemblies link each other to form large assemblies through capillary force and the hydrophobic interaction of the alkyl chains of ODA. The nanocomposites disassemble in the presence of vanillin and oleic acid because of the breakage of the catechol–metal link. Vanillin‐induced disassembly enables the JANNPs to reassemble into a core–loop structure upon ODA addition. The assembly of SiO2OH and isotropic Ni or Fe3O4 particles generates traditional core–satellite structures. This unconventional self‐assembly can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Janus specificity and capillary force, which is also confirmed by the assembly of thiol‐terminated silica spheres (SHSiO2) with anisotropic JANNPs, isotropic Au, and Ni nanoparticles. These results can guide the development of novel composite materials using Janus nanoparticles as the primary building blocks.
Research Note: Integrative Ties as an Approach to Managing Organizational Conflict
Authors: Gawerc Michelle I. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis research note highlights the importance of integrative bonds as a means of managing organizational conflict. Drawing on Gamson and Modigliani's (1963) theory on integrative ties, the author argues for this approach to be considered in the future as an alternative but complementary approach to managing conflict in organizations.
The Past as Prologue: How the Early Years of the US Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution Helped Shape the Program at Age Fifteen
Authors: Alexander Robert W. , O'Leary Rosemary 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article reflects empirically on the early history and evolution of the US Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution (USIECR) to analyze how and why this public entity not only has survived in an ever‐changing political environment but also has succeeded in shaping a robust environmental conflict resolution field. The authors use Quinn and Rohrbaugh's (1981) competing values framework, as well as theories about organizational birth and early evolution, as lenses through which to view this organizational birth and evolution. Project data derive from sixty interviews carried out in the early years of USIECR, as well as archival materials, government documents, and participant observation. The authors conclude that a balanced approach to strategic leadership from early planning phases to adolescent reauthorization resulted in success and set the stage for the accomplishments that USIECR celebrates on its fifteenth birthday, an occasion for all government‐based environmental conflict resolution programs to reflect on their own strategic approaches for achieving success.
Should we screen for misophonia in patients with eating disorders? A report of three cases
Authors: Kluckow Hannah , Telfer James , Abraham Suzanne 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIn this case report, the authors describe three cases of misophonia in people with eating disorders. Misophonia is a condition where a specific trigger sound provokes an intense emotional reaction in an individual. Case 1 is a 29‐year‐old with childhood eating issues, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa whose trigger was a high‐pitched female voice. Case 2 is a 15‐year‐old diagnosed with anorexia nervosa after misophonia onset. Her trigger was people chewing and eating noisily. Case 3 is a 24‐year‐old woman who presented with anorexia nervosa prior to misophonia onset. Her trigger was the clinking and chewing of her mother and aunt eating cereal. All three cases identified an eating‐related trigger sound with a violent aversive reaction and coping mechanisms involving eating avoidance or having a full mouth. Misophonia may be associated with presentations of eating disorders. This case report adds to the literature about the presentation of misophonia. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:558–561)
Iterative multiuser detection for LDPC MIMO SC‐FDMA communication systems
Authors: Lee Shun‐Rong , Ueng Fang‐Biau , Wang Hsuan‐Fu , Chang Yu‐Kuan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn order to provide high quality services, current communication systems require high‐data transmission rate and good error performance. Because single‐carrier frequency division multiple access (SC‐FDMA) is with the desirable characteristics of orthogonal frequency division multiple access and the low peak‐to‐average power ratio of single‐carrier transmission schemes, it has been adopted as the uplink transmission scheme in 3GPP long‐term evolution to approach the demand for data transmission rates and error performance. By combining multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) techniques with the SC‐FDMA modulation scheme, MIMO SC‐FDMA systems can achieve high data rates over broadband wireless channels. In this paper, we propose the iterative multiuser detection scheme for the low‐density parity‐check‐coded MIMO SC‐FDMA communication systems. On the basis of the property of space‐frequency block coding, we develop the frequency domain minimum mean‐squared error and zero‐forcing equalisers with multiuser interference cancellation technique on each subcarrier to recover the transmitted symbols. Some simulation examples for uplink scenario are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CityWatch: exploiting sensor data to manage cities better
Authors: Manzoor Atif , Patsakis Constantinos , Morris Alistair , McCarthy Jessica , Mullarkey Gabriel , Pham Han , Clarke Siobhán , Cahill Vinny , Bouroche Mélanie 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTPersistent urbanisation of our planet places a continuous strain on cities’ resources and the quality of service delivery. While increasing city infrastructure might help alleviate this problem, the scale and complexity of future cities mean that this approach is unsustainable. Cities, however, are becoming increasingly instrumented with a myriad of sensors, both fixed and mobile. While a number of systems aim to exploit such sensors to gather information and to provide a real‐time view of the city, existing approaches are application‐specific, hindering their scalability and reuse. Using the city of Dublin (Ireland) as a testbed, this paper describes our iterative consultation process with city stakeholders to design CityWatch, an urban‐scale data sensing and dissemination framework. In particular, it presents the resulting design of two prototype applications, the requirements on the overall framework, an initial implementation, and discusses the early results of ongoing trials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A control and decision system for smart buildings using wireless sensor and actuator networks
Authors: de Farias Claudio , Soares Henrique , Pirmez Luci , Delicato Flávia , Santos Igor , Carmo Luiz Fernando , de Souza José , Zomaya Albert , Dohler Mischa 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA research field that makes use of information and communication technologies to provide solutions to contemporaneous environmental challenges such as greenhouse gas emissions and global warming is the ‘smart building’ field. The use of wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) emerges as an alternative for the use of information and communication technologies in the smart buildings. However, most of smart building applications make use of centralised architectures with sensing nodes transmitting messages to a base station wherein, effectively, the control and decision processes happen. In this context, we present CONDE, a decentralised CONtrol and DEcision‐making system for smart building applications using WSANs. CONDE main contributions are as follows: (i) the decentralisation of the control and decision‐making processes among WSAN nodes, saving energy of both the WSAN and the building; (ii) the integration of applications through sharing the sensed data and chaining decisions between applications within the WSAN, also saving energy of both the WSAN and the building; and (iii) the provision of a consensual multilevel decision that takes into account the cooperation among nodes to have a broader view of the monitored building. Performed experiments have shown CONDE gains in terms of the following: (i) response time; (ii) system efficiency; and (iii) energy savings from the network and the building. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MDMA and heightened cortisol: a neurohormonal perspective on the pregnancy outcomes of mothers used ‘Ecstasy’ during pregnancy
Authors: Parrott Andrew C. , Moore Derek G. , Turner John J.D. , Goodwin Julia , Min Meeyoung O. , Singer Lynn T. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveThe illicit recreational drug 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or Ecstasy has strong neurohormonal effects. When taken by recreational users at dance clubs and raves, it can generate an 800% increase in the stress hormone cortisol, whereas drug‐free users show chronically raised levels of cortisol. The aim here is to critically debate this neurohormonal influence for the children of pregnant MDMA‐using mothers.MethodsHigh levels of cortisol are known to be damaging for neuropsychobiological well‐being in adult humans. MDMA can damage foetal development in laboratory animals, and the prospective Drugs and Infancy Study was established to monitor the effects of MDMA taken recreationally by pregnant women.ResultsThe Drugs and Infancy Study revealed that young mothers, who took MDMA during the first trimester of pregnancy, gave birth to babies with significant gross psychomotor retardation. These mothers would have experienced high levels of cortisol due to Ecstasy/MDMA use, and since cortisol can cross the placenta, this is likely to have also occurred in the foetus.ConclusionsIn terms of causation, the developmental problems may reflect a combination of neurotransmitter and neurohormonal effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, with serotonergic activity being influenced by the high levels of cortisol. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of multivitamin, mineral and herbal supplement on cognition in younger adults and the contribution of B group vitamins
Authors: Pipingas Andrew , Camfield David A. , Stough Con , Scholey Andrew B. , Cox Katherine H.M. , White David , Sarris Jerome , Sali Avni , Macpherson Helen 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveCognitive benefits of multivitamins have been observed in the elderly, but fewer trials have investigated younger, healthy cohorts. This randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study investigated the cognitive effects of 16‐week multivitamin supplementation in adults aged 20–49 years.MethodA total of 138 participants aged 20–50 years were randomised and 116 completed the trial. The participants completed a computerised battery of cognitive tasks before and after 16‐week supplementation with a multivitamin containing minerals and herbs or placebo. Blood measures of homocysteine, vitamin B6, B12 and folate were collected at both time points.ResultsIn men, there was a strong trend (p = 0.01; which did not reach significance when adjusted for multiple comparisons) for the multivitamin to improve performance on the incongruent stroop task, a measure of selective attention and response inhibition. There were no cognitive benefits of multivitamin supplements in women. Multivitamin supplementation substantially increased blood levels of vitamin B6, B12 and folate in both genders and decreased homocysteine in men. In men who received the multivitamin, improved stroop congruent performance was associated with increased vitamin B6 levels.ConclusionMultivitamin supplementation may be useful for maintaining levels of B vitamins. The effects of multivitamins on speeded attention such as the stroop task in young adults warrant further investigation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A series of pharmacokinetic studies of ceftaroline fosamil in select populations: Normal subjects, healthy elderly subjects, and subjects with renal impairment or end‐stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis
Authors: Riccobene Todd , Jakate Abhijeet , Rank Doug 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCeftaroline fosamil is a parenteral cephalosporin indicated for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and community‐acquired bacterial pneumonia. Ceftaroline, the active component of ceftaroline fosamil, exhibits broad‐spectrum bactericidal activity against gram‐positive organisms, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as common gram‐negative pathogens. The objective of the studies presented herein was to establish the pharmacokinetic profile of ceftaroline in healthy subjects and special populations of interest, such as elderly subjects, subjects with renal impairment, or subjects with end‐stage renal disease on intermittent hemodialysis. The mean half‐life of ceftaroline in healthy subjects was approximately 2.6 hours, and urinary excretion was the primary route of elimination. Ceftaroline Cmax and AUC values increased in proportion to dose increases within the range of 50–1000 mg, demonstrating an approximately linear pharmacokinetic profile following intravenous infusion. The pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftaroline were modestly altered in elderly subjects compared with younger adults, which was attributed to decreased renal function in elderly subjects. Ceftaroline pharmacokinetic parameters varied with different degrees of renal impairment, resulting in recommended dosage adjustments for patients with moderate to severe impairment. Ceftaroline fosamil was generally well tolerated regardless of age or severity of renal impairment.