bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die neue ZTV‐W LB 215 (2012) für massive Wasserbauwerke – Eurocodes inbegriffen
Authors: Kunz Claus 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDie Zusätzlichen Technischen Vertragsbedingungen Wasserbau für Wasserbauwerke aus Beton und Stahlbeton, ZTV‐W LB 215, wurden in 2012 wegen zwischenzeitlich neuerer Erkenntnisse, aber auch wegen der Umstellung von Normen auf Eurocodes überarbeitet. Die ZTV‐W LB 215 baut auf die Grundlagennormen des konstruktiven Ingenieurbaus für Bemessung, Betonherstellung, der Ausführung von Betonbauwerken sowie auf die spezifische Norm für massive Wasserbauwerke auf. Im Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Änderungen gegenüber der Vorgänger‐Ausgabe von 2004 vorgestellt. Wesentliche Änderungen finden sich bei wasserbauspezifischen Beispielen für Expositionsklassen, bei Anforderungen an den Beton hinsichtlich Hydratationswärmeentwicklung, bei Ausbildung und Behandlung von Arbeits‐ und Bewegungsfugen sowie Regelungen zu Planiebetonen. Der zugehörige Standardleistungskatalog, StLk LB 215, wurde ebenfalls überarbeitet.New ZTV‐W LB 215 (2012) for hydraulic concrete structures – including EurocodesThe additional technical contract conditions for hydraulic (reinforced) concrete structures, ZTV‐W LB 215, have been revised in 2012 due to recent experiences and knowledge, but also because of changing standards to the new Eurocodes. The ZTV‐W LB 215 is based on the basis of structural engineering standards for design, manufacturing of concrete and execution of concrete structures as well as on the specific standard for concrete hydraulic structures. The article clarifies the main changes from the previous version of ZTV‐W LB 215 which dates from 2004. Relevant changes are the hydraulic specific examples of exposure classes, the demands on the concrete concerning hydration, design and aftertreatment of construction and movement joints and regulations for surface concrete. The associated catalogue for the concrete construction works, StLk LB 215, has also been revised.
Sicherung 100‐jähriger Uferböschungen am Teltowkanal in Berlin
Authors: Haupt Katharina , Grothe Jens , Hempel Nils 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDer im Jahr 1906 in Betrieb genommene Teltowkanal stellt einen Abschnitt der “Südtrasse” der Berliner Wasserstraßen dar. Im Zuge des Ausbaus der Wasserstraßenverbindung Hannover – Magdeburg – Berlin als Verkehrsprojekt Deutsche Einheit (VDE) Nr. 17 soll der Teltowkanal auf eine Wassertiefe von 4,0 m erweitert werden. Das ca. 2,4 km lange Baulos 2 zwischen dem Hafen Tempelhof und dem Autobahnkreuz Neukölln stellt mit seinen bestehenden Uferböschungen eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Der Kanal verläuft hier in einem Einschnitt mit für Berliner Verhältnisse ungewöhnlichen Böschungshöhen von bis zu 17 m. Die mit dem Kanalbau verbundenen Gewerbeansiedlungen reichen z. T. bis an den Kopf der Böschungen heran. Darunter befinden sich auch zahlreiche als Industriedenkmäler geschützte Bauwerke. Daher war beim Ausbau des Kanals insbesondere die Sicherung der dort befindlichen standsicherheitsgefährdeten Uferböschungen zu berücksichtigen. Nachfolgend werden die Standsicherheitsuntersuchungen für die vorhandenen Böschungen sowie ausgewählte Sicherungssysteme vorgestellt.Securing of 100 years old bank slopes at the Teltow Canal in BerlinThe channel Teltowkanal forms part of the waterway system in Berlin and was opened in 1906. In connection with the traffic project “German Unity no. 17” for the development of the waterway between Hannover, Magdeburg and Berlin the Teltowkanal is going to be extended to a water depth of 4.0 m. The contract section of approximately 2.4 km between Tempelhof harbor and the motorway interchange Neukölln shows existing slopes with a special challenge. In this section the channel runs in an insection with unusual high slopes of up to 17 m. During construction of the channel commercial buildings were built along the slope heads with many of them today considered industrial monuments. In many parts of the contract section the analysis of slope stability did not prove safe. Therefore it was required to secure the existing slopes before starting with the bank walls. The following article describes the analysis of slope stability and presents selected construction systems for improving the structural safety.
Cell proliferation and cell sheet detachment from the positively and negatively charged nanocomposite hydrogels
Authors: Liu Dan , Wang Tao , Liu Xinxing , Tong Zhen 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe charged nanocomposite hydrogels (NC gels) were synthesized by copolymerization of positively or negatively chargeable monomer with N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) in the aqueous suspension of hectorite clay. The ionic NC gels preserved the thermo‐responsibility with the phase‐transition temperature below 37°C. The L929 cell proliferation was sensitive to charge polarity and charge density. As compared to the PNIPAm NC gel, the cationic NC gels with <5 mol % of 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) showed improved cell proliferation, whereas the cells grew slowly on the gels with negatively charged 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPSNa). By lowering temperature, rapid cell sheet detachment was observed from the surface of ionic NC gels with 1 mol % of ionizable monomers. However, lager amount of AMPSNa or DMAEMA did not support rapid cell sheet detachment, probably owing to the adverse swelling effects and/or enhanced electrostatic attraction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 58–65, 2014.
Repeat liver resection for colorectal metastases
Authors: Kulik U , Bektas H , Klempnauer J , Lehner F 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Following resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLMs) up to 75 per cent of patients develop recurrent liver metastases. Although repeat resection remains the only curative therapy, data evaluating the outcome are deficient. This study analysed postoperative morbidity, mortality and independent predictors of survival following repeat resection of CLMs.

Methods
Data on surgical treatment of primary and recurrent CLMs between 1994 and 2010 were collected retrospectively, and compared with those for single hepatic resections carried out during the same period. Independent predictors of survival were evaluated by means of univariable and multivariable Cox regression models.

Results
In this interval 1026 primary resections of CLMs were performed and 94 patients underwent repeat CLM excision. Overall postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were low (15·8 and 1·3 per cent respectively), with no statistical difference in patients undergoing repeat surgery (P = 0·072). Compared with single liver resections, overall survival was improved in repeat resections (P = 0·003). Multivariable analysis revealed that size of primary CLM over 50 mm was an independent predictor of survival (hazard ratio (HR) 2·61; P = 0·008). Only major hepatic resection was associated with poorer outcome following repeat surgery (HR 2·62; P = 0·009). International Union Against Cancer stage, number of CLMs, age at surgery and need for intraoperative transfusion had no impact on survival after repeat resection.

Conclusion
Recurrent CLM surgery is feasible with similar morbidity and mortality rates to those of initial or single CLM resections.
Synthesis of Fragrance Compounds from Biorenewables: Tandem Hydroformylation–Acetalization of Bicyclic Monoterpenes
Authors: de Freitas Marina C. , Vieira Camila G. , dos Santos Eduardo N. , Gusevskaya Elena V. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe Rhodium‐catalyzed tandem hydroformylation–acetalization of the terpenes 3‐carene, 2‐carene, α‐pinene, and β‐pinene was studied in ethanol solutions in the presence of PPh3 or tris(O‐tert‐butylphenyl)phosphate, P(O‐o‐tBuPh)3, ligands. All these terpenes are constituents of turpentine oils obtained commercially from coniferous trees. β‐Pinene gave the corresponding aldehyde and acetal in excellent combined yields in both systems. 3‐Carene, 2‐carene, and α‐pinene, which contain sterically encumbered endocyclic double bonds, showed an extremely low reactivity with PPh3. The use of P(O‐o‐tBuPh)3 not only accelerated the hydroformylation of all four substrates remarkably but also increased the acetalization activity of the catalyst. In the Rh/P(O‐o‐tBuPh)3 system, various fragrance acetals and aldehydes were obtained from these renewable substrates in nearly quantitative combined yields. The process was performed under mild conditions, in environmentally friendly ethanol as a solvent, and in the absence of acid cocatalysts.
Structure–Activity Relationships of Quinoxaline‐Based 5‐HT3A and 5‐HT3AB Receptor‐Selective Ligands
Authors: Thompson Andrew J. , Verheij Mark H. P. , van Muijlwijk‐Koezen Jacqueline E. , Lummis Sarah C. R. , Leurs Rob , de Esch Iwan J. P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUntil recently, discriminating between homomeric 5‐HT3A and heteromeric 5‐HT3AB receptors was only possible with ligands that bind in the receptor pore. This study describes the first series of ligands that can discriminate between these receptor types at the level of the orthosteric binding site. During a recent fragment screen, 2‐chloro‐3‐(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)quinoxaline (VUF10166) was identified as a ligand that displays an 83‐fold difference in [3H]granisetron binding affinity between 5‐HT3A and 5‐HT3AB receptors. Fragment hit exploration, initiated from VUF10166 and 3‐(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)quinoxalin‐2‐ol, resulted in a series of compounds with higher affinity at either 5‐HT3A or 5‐HT3AB receptors. These ligands reveal that a single atom is sufficient to change the selectivity profile of a compound. At the extremes of the new compounds were 2‐amino‐3‐(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)quinoxaline, which showed 11‐fold selectivity for the 5‐HT3A receptor, and 2‐(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)quinoxaline, which showed an 8.3‐fold selectivity for the 5‐HT3AB receptor. These compounds represent novel molecular tools for studying 5‐HT3 receptor subtypes and could help elucidate their physiological roles.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Water‐Soluble Prodrugs of Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA), an Anti‐apoptotic Bile Acid
Authors: Dosa Peter I. , Ward Tim , Castro Rui E. , Rodrigues Cecília M. P. , Steer Clifford J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUrsodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a bile acid with demonstrated anti‐apoptotic activity in both in vitro and in vivo models. However, its utility is hampered by limited aqueous solubility. As such, water‐soluble prodrugs of UDCA could have an advantage over the parent bile acid in indications where intravenous administration might be preferable, such as decreasing damage from stroke or acute kidney injury. Five phosphate prodrugs were synthesized, including one incorporating a novel phosphoryloxymethyl carboxylate (POMC) moiety. These prodrugs were highly water‐soluble, but showed significant differences in chemical stability, with oxymethylphosphate prodrugs being the most unstable. In a series of NMR experiments, the POMC prodrug was bioactivated to UDCA by alkaline phosphatase (AP) faster than a prodrug containing a phosphate directly attached to the alcohol at the 3‐position of UDCA. Both of these prodrugs showed significant anti‐apoptotic activity in a series of in vitro assays, although the POMC prodrug required the addition of AP for activity, while the other compound was active without exogenous AP.
Gene expression responses for detecting sublethal effects of xenobiotics and whole effluents on a Xenopus laevis embryo assay
Authors: San Segundo Laura , Martini Federica , Pablos M. Victoria 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn the present study, the authors investigated the effects of bisphenol A, chlorpyrifos, methylparaben, and 2 effluent samples from wastewater treatment plants located in the province of Madrid, Spain, on the messenger RNA expression of specific genes involved in early development (ESR1, pax6, bmp4, and myf5) and a gene involved in the general stress response (hsp70) during Xenopus laevis embryo development. Gene expression was analyzed after 4 h, 24 h, and 96 h of exposure by semiquantitative reverse‐transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Concentration ranges of the compounds and dilutions for the samples were selected to cause morphological alterations in embryos after 96 h of exposure. Transcript levels of ESR1, pax6, and hsp70 were differentially altered at early developmental stages with patterns specific to the contaminant and the exposure time. However, further studies are needed to establish transcript levels of specific genes as biomarkers of sublethal effects in an environmental risk‐assessment framework. Besides, studies including more generic responses, such as genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, together with genes related to embryonic development have to be developed to look for a battery of mechanistic endpoints for the evaluation of chemical exposure at the molecular level in a first‐tier assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2018–2025. © 2013 SETAC
Questions concerning the potential impact of glyphosate-based herbicides on amphibians
Authors: Wagner Norman , Reichenbecher Wolfram , Teichmann Hanka , Tappeser Beatrix , Lötters Stefan 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Use of glyphosate-based herbicides is increasing worldwide. The authors review the available data related to potential impacts of these herbicides on amphibians and conduct a qualitative meta-analysis. Because little is known about environmental concentrations of glyphosate in amphibian habitats and virtually nothing is known about environmental concentrations of the substances added to the herbicide formulations that mainly contribute to adverse effects, glyphosate levels can only be seen as approximations for contamination with glyphosate-based herbicides. The impact on amphibians depends on the herbicide formulation, with different sensitivity of taxa and life stages. Effects on development of larvae apparently are the most sensitive endpoints to study. As with other contaminants, costressors mainly increase adverse effects. If and how glyphosate-based herbicides and other pesticides contribute to amphibian decline is not answerable yet due to missing data on how natural populations are affected. Amphibian risk assessment can only be conducted case-specifically, with consideration of the particular herbicide formulation. The authors recommend better monitoring of both amphibian populations and contamination of habitats with glyphosate-based herbicides, not just glyphosate, and suggest including amphibians in standardized test batteries to study at least dermal administration. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1688–1700. © 2013 SETAC
Microbial community structure and functioning along metal pollution gradients
Authors: Azarbad Hamed , Niklińska Maria , van Gestel Cornelis A.M. , van Straalen Nico M. , Röling Wilfred F.M. , Laskowski Ryszard 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Toxic effects of heavy metals on soil microorganisms have been confirmed in a number of laboratory studies. However, most real-field studies do not allow for strong general conclusions due to a range of problems, such as pseudoreplication and confounding factors, which are almost impossible to control for with the most commonly used polluted versus unpolluted or random sampling designs. Effects of metal contamination on soil microbial community traits were measured along 2 pollution gradients in southern Poland. Employing an experimental regression design, using 2 separate gradients, the authors aimed to control for effects of soil properties and beta-diversity of microbial communities. General microbial activity was measured as soil basal respiration rate and substrate-induced respiration, while microbial functional and structural diversity were analyzed with community-level physiological profiles and phospholipid fatty acid patterns, respectively. Metal concentrations were normalized to their toxicity and integrated in a toxicity index (TI). Microbial activity (basal and substrate-induced respiration) decreased in both gradients with increasing TI. Community-level physiological profiles for fungi correlated positively with TI, but no impact of TI on the community-level physiological profiles of bacteria was observed. The phospholipid fatty acids a:15 and i:17 were positively correlated with TI, whereas 16:1ω9 and 18:2ω9 were negatively correlated with TI. The use of 2 gradients (Olkusz and Miasteczko Śląskie) allowed the authors to reveal a clear effect of pollution on general microbial structure and activities, even though they were not able to control completely for all confounding factors. Soil pH, organic matter content, and nutrient level appeared to be at least as important as TI in determining microbial community structure and activities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1992–2002. © 2013 SETAC
QoS provisioning performance of IntServ, DiffServ and DQS with multiclass self‐similar traffic
Authors: Guo Mian , Jiang Shengming , Guan Quansheng , Liu Mei 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTQuality of service (QoS) provisioning, especially delay guarantee, is particularly important to the explosive growth of Internet applications. Traditional QoS schemes include the per‐flow integrated services (IntServ) and per‐class differentiated services (DiffServ) as well as their variants. To address the scalability problem of IntServ and the coarse QoS granularity of DiffServ, we proposed the per‐packet differentiated queueing service. Although the three schemes all aim to provide delay guarantee, the network resource in terms of bandwidth and buffer required by them will vary because of their distinct service disciplines. Indeed, network resources are so precious especially in wireless networks, whereas QoS provisioning is so important that it is necessary to investigate the resource consumption of these schemes to find better QoS solutions for different kinds of networks. Therefore, QoS provisioning performance of the previous schemes should be modelled analytically. To this end, this paper derives the delay bound violation probability for these QoS schemes with the self‐similar and long‐range dependent traffic model because this traffic model can well approximate the Internet traffic, especially delay‐sensitive traffic. The minimum bandwidth and the buffer size suitable for delay guarantee are further derived. Numerical results show that differentiated queueing service consumes the least bandwidth resources and DiffServ can minimise the buffer size whereas IntServ can provide exactly QoS in per‐flow granularity. In this sense, there is a trade‐off between QoS granularity and bandwidth as well as buffer requirements for QoS provisioning. The analytical results are also studied through simulations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Static Hedging with Traffic Light Options
Authors: Schmutz Michael , Zürcher Thomas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIt is well known that sufficiently regular, one‐dimensional payoff functions have an explicit static hedge by bonds, forward contracts, and options in a continuum of strikes. An easy and natural extension of the corresponding representation leads to static hedges based on the same instruments along with traffic light options, which have recently been introduced in the market. It is well known that the second strike derivative of non‐discounted prices of vanilla options is related to the risk‐neutral density of the underlying asset price in the corresponding absolutely continuous settings. Similar statements hold for traffic light options in sufficiently regular, bivariate settings. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:690–702, 2014
Providing activity for people with dementia in care homes: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wenborn Jennifer , Challis David , Head Jenny , Miranda‐Castillo Claudia , Popham Carolyn , Thakur Ruchi , Illes Jacqueline , Orrell Martin 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundActivity levels remain low in care homes, but activity engagement can enhance residents' quality of life.AimThis study aimed to assess an occupational therapy programme designed to enable care home staff to increase activity provision.MethodA cluster randomised controlled trial with blinded assessment of outcome was conducted. A total of 210 residents with dementia in 16 care homes were recruited. Intervention homes received the programme, and control homes were provided usual care. Primary outcome is quality of life; secondary measures are dependency, challenging behaviour, depression, anxiety, severity of dementia and number and type of medication.ResultsQuality of life decreased overall with statistically significant change in staff ratings (p < 0.001). At follow‐up, staff‐rated quality of life was slightly lower in the intervention group (mean difference in staff ratings = −1.91, 95% CI −3.39 to −0.43, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups for self‐rated quality of life or secondary outcomes.ConclusionThe results may be related to the following: wide variability in how the intervention was implemented, such as low staff attendance at the education and coaching sessions, and patchy provision of additional activities to residents; or the residents' severity of dementia or the choice of outcome measures. Future studies need to pay more attention to process measures such as implementation and fidelity strategies, and outcome measures that better capture the focus of the intervention such as level of engagement and activity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vascularized free forearm flap versus free anterolateral thigh perforator flaps for reconstruction in patients with head and neck cancer: Assessment of quality of life
Authors: Li Wenlu , Xu Zhongfei , Liu Fayu , Huang Shaohui , Dai Wei , Sun Changfu 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundThis study investigated the quality of life of Chinese patients with malignant tumors who had undergone immediate free flap reconstruction surgery. In addition, we compared 2 groups of patients: those who had received radial forearm free flap surgery and others who had received free anterolateral thigh perforator flap surgery.MethodsQuality of life was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study‐Short Form‐36 (MOS SF‐36) and the University of Washington Quality of Life (UW‐QOL) questionnaires 12 months after reconstruction.ResultsA total of 121 of 163 questionnaires were returned (74.2%). There were significant differences between the 2 groups in the T classification (p < .005). Patients reconstructed with free anterolateral thigh perforator flaps performed better in the appearance and shoulder domains, and the role emotion and social functioning domains.ConclusionsUsing either radial forearm free flaps or free anterolateral thigh perforator flaps for reconstruction of head and neck defects after cancer resection significantly influences a patient's quality of life. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1808–1813, 2013