bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of Stroke for Caregiver Outcomes: Findings from the ASPIRE-S Study
Authors: Atteih Samar , Mellon Lisa , Hall Patricia , Brewer Linda , Horgan Frances , Williams David , Hickey Anne 
Published: June 2015

Background Informal caregivers are vital to the long-term care and rehabilitation of stroke survivors worldwide. However, caregiving has been associated with negative psychological outcomes such as anxiety and depression, which leads to concerns about caregiver as well as stroke survivor well-being. Furthermore, caregivers may not receive the support and service provision they require from the hospitals and community. Aims This study examines caregiver psychological well-being and satisfaction with service provision in the context of stroke. Methods Caregiver data were collected as part of the ASPIRE-S study, a prospective study of secondary prevention and rehabilitation which assessed stroke patients and their carers at six-months post stroke. Carer assessment included measurement of demographics, satisfaction with care (UK Healthcare Commission National Patient Survey of Stroke Care), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and vulnerability (Vulnerable Elders Scale). Logistic regression analyses and chi-squared tests were performed using STATA version 12. Results Analyses from 162 carers showed substantial levels of dissatisfaction (37·9%) with community and hospital services, as well as notable levels of anxiety (31·3%) and depressive symptoms (18·8%) among caregivers. Caregiver anxiety was predicted by stroke survivor anxiety (OR = 3·47, 95% CI 1·35–8·93), depression (OR = 5·17, 95% CI 1·83–14·58), and stroke survivor cognitive impairment (OR 2·35, 95% CI 1·00–5·31). Caregiver depression was predicted by stroke survivor anxiety (OR = 4·41, 95% CI 1·53–12·72) and stroke survivor depression (OR = 6·91, 95% CI 2·26–21·17). Conclusion Findings indicate that caregiver and stroke survivor well-being are interdependent. Thus, early interventions, including increased training and support programs that include caregivers, are likely to reduce the risk of negative emotional outcomes.
Novel gain of function mutation in the SLC40A1 gene associated with hereditary haemochromatosis type 4
Authors: Chen S.‐R. , Yang L.‐Q. , Chong Y.‐T. , Jie Y.‐S. , Wu Y.‐K. , Yang J. , Lin G.‐L. , Li X.‐H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHere we report the case of a 69‐year‐old Chinese Han woman who presented with liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, skin hyperpigmentation, hyperferritinaemia and high transferrin saturation. Subsequent genetic analyses identified a novel heterozygous mutation (p.Cys326Phe) in the SLC40A1 gene. This is the first report regarding a SLC40A1 mutation in the Chinese Han population and provides novel clinical evidence for the importance of p.Cys326 in SLC40A1 gene function.
Community‐based case management effectiveness in populations that abuse substances
Authors: Joo J.Y. , Huber D.L. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe number of persons who are substance abusing has been increasing globally. A majority of them remain in their communities, untreated. Empirical studies have shown some positive impacts of case management on substance abuse. However, studies that systematically synthesize the effectiveness of community‐based case management with populations that abuse substances are limited.AimTo review evidence of the impact of case management in improving treatment of substance abuse among adults in community settings.MethodsThe Cochrane processes guided this systematic review. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Ovid and the Web of Science were searched to retrieve primary studies published from 2000 to 2013. All randomized controlled trials were considered for review. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed.ResultsThe initial unfiltered search identified 506 references. A total of seven randomized controlled trials were selected for review. Findings show that, compared with clinical case management and usual care, community‐based case management services significantly improved clients' ability to abstain from drug use, reduced social problems, supported unmet service needs and improved satisfaction. Studies also showed reduced use of healthcare services, but results were mixed.ConclusionsThere is an evidence base for practicing case management among adults who are substance abusing. In general, studies concluded that case management is an active and assertive method of care coordination for formal substance abuse treatment. Further research is needed to assess case management's cost‐effectiveness and the impact of dosage on client outcomes.Implications for Nursing PolicyBecause of the complexity of population health management across settings and over long time frames, evidence‐based strategies are required to achieve health improvements. Because it provides continuous and timely care, healthcare leaders and policymakers should consider community‐based case management as an important strategy for coordinating the care in populations that are substance abusing.
Applying the transtheoretical model to promote functional fitness of community older adults participating in elastic band exercises
Authors: Yang Hui‐Ju , Chen Kuei‐Min , Chen Ming‐De , Wu Hui‐Chuan , Chang Wen‐Jane , Wang Yueh‐Chin , Huang Hsin‐Ting 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsThe transtheoretical model was applied to promote behavioural change and test the effects of a group senior elastic band exercise programme on the functional fitness of community older adults in the contemplation and preparation stages of behavioural change.BackgroundForming regular exercise habits is challenging for older adults. The transtheoretical model emphasizes using different strategies in various stages to facilitate behavioural changes.DesignQuasi‐experimental design with pre‐test and post‐tests on two groups.MethodsSix senior activity centres were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The data were collected during 2011. A total of 199 participants were recruited and 169 participants completed the study (experimental group n = 84, control group n = 85). The elastic band exercises were performed for 40 minutes, three times per week for 6 months. The functional fitness of the participants was evaluated at baseline and at the third and sixth month of the intervention. Statistical analyses included a two‐way mixed design analysis of variance, one‐way repeated measures analysis of variance and an analysis of covariance.ResultsAll of the functional fitness indicators had significant changes at post‐tests from pre‐test in the experimental group. The experimental group had better performances than the control group in all of the functional fitness indicators after three months and 6 months of the senior elastic band exercises.ConclusionThe exercise programme provided older adults with appropriate strategies for maintaining functional fitness, which improved significantly after the participants exercising regularly for 6 months.
Genetic variation of the weaning weight of beef cattle as a function of accumulated heat stress
Authors: Santana M.L. , Bignardi A.B. , Eler J.P. , Ferraz J.B.S. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe objective of this study was to identify the genetic variation in the weaning weight (WW) of beef cattle as a function of heat stress. The WWs were recorded at approximately 205 days of age in three Brazilian beef cattle populations: Nelore (93 616), Brangus (18 906) and Tropical Composite (62 679). In view of the cumulative nature of WW, the effect of heat stress was considered as the accumulation of temperature and humidity index units (ACTHI) from the animal's birth to weaning. A reaction norm model was used to estimate the (co)variance components of WW across the ACTHI scale. The accumulation of THI units from birth to weaning negatively affected the WW. The definition of accumulated THI units as an environmental descriptor permitted to identify important genetic variation in the WW as a function of heat stress. As evidence of genotype by environment interaction, substantial heterogeneity was observed in the (co)variance components for WW across the environmental gradient. In this respect, the best animals in less stressful environments are not necessarily the best animals in more stressful environments. Furthermore, the response to selection for WW is expected to be lower in more stressful environments.
Characterization of microRNA profile in mammary tissue of dairy and beef breed heifers
Authors: Wicik Z. , Gajewska M. , Majewska A. , Walkiewicz D. , Osińska E. , Motyl T. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that participate in the regulation of gene expression. Their role during mammary gland development is still largely unknown. In this study, we performed a microarray analysis to identify miRNAs associated with high mammogenic potential of the bovine mammary gland. We identified 54 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs between the mammary tissue of dairy (Holstein‐Friesian, HF) and beef (Limousin, LM) postpubertal heifers. Fifty‐two miRNAs had higher expression in the mammary tissue of LM heifers. The expression of the top candidate miRNAs (bta‐miR‐10b, bta‐miR‐29b, bta‐miR‐101, bta‐miR‐375, bta‐miR‐2285t, bta‐miR‐146b, bta‐let7b, bta‐miR‐107, bta‐miR‐1434‐3p) identified in the microarray experiment was additionally evaluated by qPCR. Enrichment analyses for targeted genes revealed that the major differences between miRNA expression in the mammary gland of HF versus LM were associated with the regulation of signalling pathways that are crucial for mammary gland development, such as TGF‐beta, insulin, WNT and inflammatory pathways. Moreover, a number of genes potentially targeted by significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with the activity of mammary stem cells. These data indicate that the high developmental potential of the mammary gland in dairy cattle, leading to high milk productivity, depends also on a specific miRNA expression pattern.
Clindamycin phosphate 1.2% / tretinoin 0.025%: a novel fixed‐dose combination treatment for acne vulgaris
Authors: Ochsendorf F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne Group recommends retinoid‐based combination therapy as first‐line therapy and the preferred treatment approach for almost all acne patients except those with the most severe disease. Clindamycin 1% (as clindamycin phosphate 1.2%)/tretinoin 0.025% (Clin‐RA) is a new fixed‐dose retinoid‐based combination therapy. The aqueous‐based gel formulation of Clin‐RA was designed to minimize skin irritation and optimize adherence with the therapy. It contains both solubilized and crystalline tretinoin which allows the retinoid to be slowly released onto the skin surface and decreases the potential for cutaneous irritation. A pooled analysis of three pivotal studies involving 4550 acne patients showed that Clin‐RA is well tolerated and effective at treating both inflammatory and non‐inflammatory acne lesions. The onset of action of Clin‐RA is rapid occurring within 2 weeks of treatment initiation. It is not associated with acne flaring or an increase in clindamycin‐resistant Propionibacterium acnes counts. Clin‐RA is considered as effective as adapalene 0.1%/benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 2.5%, whereas Clin‐RA has a more favourable tolerability profile. Clin‐RA may be more effective than clindamycin 1%/BPO 5% at treating non‐inflammatory acne lesions since the latter does not contain a retinoid to target comedones. Clin‐RA is also easy for patients to handle and apply, and has the advantage of not containing BPO which can bleach hair and fabrics. Taken together, the profile of Clin‐RA suggests Clin‐RA to be a first‐line treatment for patients with facial acne.
Effect of adapalene 0.1%/benzoyl peroxide 2.5% topical gel on quality of life and treatment adherence during long‐term application in patients with predominantly moderate acne with or without concomitant medication – additional results from the non‐interventional cohort study ELANG
Authors: Gollnick H.P.M. , Friedrich M. , Peschen M. , Pettker R. , Pier A. , Streit V. , Jöstingmeyer P. , Porombka D. , Rojo Pulido I. , Jäckel A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to physical long‐lasting effects such as permanent scarring and disfigurement, acne has acute and long‐term psychosocial effects that affect the individual's quality of life. As with other chronic diseases, treatment success is often compromised by poor adherence.ObjectiveTwo main objectives of this non‐interventional study were to assess the long‐term effect of the fixed‐dose combination adapalene 0.1%/benzoyl peroxide 2.5% (adapalene‐BPO gel) on quality of life and treatment adherence.MethodsPatients with moderate to severe facial acne receiving adapalene‐BPO alone or in combination with other drugs were enrolled in this non‐interventional study. Data were documented at baseline and after 3 and 9 months of adapalene‐BPO treatment. The secondary outcomes reported here include quality of life determined by the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI), treatment adherence assessed by the ECOB (Elaboration d'un outil d'evaluation de l'observance des traitements medicamenteux) questionnaire, and patient satisfaction.ResultsIn total, 5131 patients were included in the efficacy evaluation. After 9 months, mean (±SD) quality of life (CADI) improved significantly from 5.9 ± 3.0 to 2.4 ± 2.7 (P < 0.0001). Patients with more severe acne at baseline tended to achieve a greater improvement in quality of life. Long‐term adherence was found to be good in 83.9% of patients. Adherence had a significant effect on efficacy and quality of life (P < 0.0001 respectively). The vast majority of patients (92.1%) reported subjective improvement at the interim analysis. Accordingly, most patients (84.8%) were satisfied or very satisfied with adapalene‐BPO by the end of the observation period.ConclusionThe clinical improvement of the disease led to an increase in quality of life among acne patients. The treatment success may be a motivation factor for patients to stay adherent over the long‐term treatment course, indicating the qualification of adapalene‐BPO topical gel as an appropriate medication also in the long‐term usage.
Pharmacokinetics of cyclodextrins and drugs after oral and parenteral administration of drug/cyclodextrin complexes
Authors: Loftsson Thorsteinn , Moya-Ortega Maria D , Alvarez-Lorenzo Carmen , Concheiro Angel 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of the present study was to shed some light on pharmacokinetics of cyclodextrins (CDs) and drugs after oral and parenteral administration of inclusion complexes.

Key findings
The complex binding constant in water can predict pharmacokinetics after parenteral administration, but it has to be considered in the context of the physiological environment, where plasma proteins compete with CDs for drug binding. Neither drug/CD nor drug/protein complexes can extravasate, but differently from proteins, CDs are readily cleared through glomerular filtration. In such intricate interrelationships, for complexes with low-to-mid binding constant, binding of drug to plasma proteins will mainly dictate the pharmacokinetics. Oppositely, for drugs showing large CD complex binding constant and low protein binding, significant decrease in distribution volume and enhanced excretion of unmetabolized drug are observed; thus, relevant changes in bioavailability can be predicted. In the case of oral administration, volume for dilution/dissolution of the complexes is relatively low and hence excess CD can hamper drug absorption from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Summary
CDs are well-established multipurpose excipients for overcoming organoleptic and biopharmaceutical deficiencies of a variety of drugs. Balances between free and complexed drug in the GI tract and between drug–CD binding and drug–protein binding in plasma seem to play a relevant role in drug pharmacokinetics.
Sex Offenders Seeking Treatment for Sexual Dysfunction—Ethics, Medicine, and the Law
Authors: Phillips Elizabeth A. , Rajender Archana , Douglas Thomas , Brandon Ashley F. , Munarriz Ricardo 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The treatment of sexual dysfunction in patients with prior sexual offenses poses ethical and legal dilemmas. Sex offenders are not obligated by law to disclose this history to medical professionals. Over 20% of sex offenders experience sexual dysfunction; however, the number of sex offenders seeking evaluation for sexual dysfunction is unknown.

Aims
The aims of this study were to determine the incidence and characteristics of sex offenders seeking treatment in our clinic; and to review data regarding sex offender recidivism and ethics pertaining to the issue as it relates to treating physicians.

Methods
Sex offenders were identified via three methods: new patient screening in a dedicated sexual medicine clinic, chart review of those on intracavernosal injection (ICI) therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED), and review of patient's status-post placement of penile prosthesis. Charts were cross-referenced with the U.S. Department of Justice National Sex Offender Public Website. Patient characteristics and details of offenses were collected.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures used were a self-reported sexual offense and national registry data.

Results
Eighteen male sex offenders were identified: 13 via new patient screening; 3 by review of ICI patients; 1 by review of penile prosthesis data; and 1 prior to penile prosthesis placement. All were primarily referred for ED. Of those with known offenses, 64% were level 3 offenders (most likely to re-offend). The same number had committed crimes against children. All those with complete data had multiple counts of misconduct (average 3.6). Ninety-four percent (17/18) had publicly funded health care. Twelve (67%) were previously treated for sexual dysfunction.

Conclusions
Registered sex offenders are seeking and receiving treatment for sexual dysfunction. It is unknown whether treatment of sexual dysfunction increases the risk of recidivism of sexual offenses. Physicians currently face a difficult choice in deciding whether to treat sexual dysfunction in sex offenders.
Phylogenetic structure of plant species pools reflects habitat age on the geological time scale
Authors: Lososová Zdeňka , Šmarda Petr , Chytrý Milan , Purschke Oliver , Pyšek Petr , Sádlo Jiří , Tichý Lubomír , Winter Marten 
Published: June 2015

AbstractQuestionPatterns of phylogenetic relatedness of species within community types (phylogenetic structure; PS) are often used to infer processes of community assembly, yet the causes of these patterns remain poorly understood. Here we ask whether PS of extant plant species pools is related to availability of correspoding habitats in the geological history.LocationCzech Republic.MethodsWe characterized PS of recent species pools of 88 major vascular plant community types occurring in the country, comprising a total of 2306 species, using the mean phylogenetic distance (MPD) between all pairs of species found in each species pool, and compared the PS of these species pools with the relative ages of their habitats.ResultsClustered PS was observed consistently in species pools of historically younger community types of grasslands and other open habitats, which were formed mainly during the late Tertiary as a consequence of climate aridization and cooling, and to which only a limited number of lineages had enough time to adapt. Clustered PS was also typical of species pools of the recent human‐made habitats, in which it probably resulted from environmental filtering of pre‐adapted lineages. In contrast, overdispersed PS was observed in forests and other plant community types occurring in habitats that are assumed to have existed continuously since the Mesozoic.ConclusionsOur analyses suggest that habitat age has a strong effect on PS of species pools of extant plant community types. Based on these results, we argue that history of the analysed species pools at a geological time scale should be considered whenever differences in PS are discussed and interpreted.
Relapses from acute malnutrition and related factors in a community‐based management programme in Burkina Faso
Authors: Somassè Yassinmè Elysée , Dramaix Michèle , Bahwere Paluku , Donnen Philippe 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCommunity‐based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) is effective in treating acute malnutrition. However, post‐discharge follow‐up often lacks. We aimed at assessing the relapse rate and the associated factors in a CMAM programme in Burkina Faso. Discharged children from the community nutrition centre were requested to return at least every 3 months for follow‐up. The data of recovered children (weight‐for‐height z‐score ≥−2) who were discharged between July 2010 and June 2011 were collected in 45 villages, randomly selected out of 210 in January 2012. Sociodemographic data, economic variables, information on household food availability and the child's food consumption in the last 24 h were collected from the parents. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify the factors associated to relapse. Of the 637 children, 14 (2.2%) died and 218 (34.2%) were lost to follow‐up. The relapse rate [95% confidence interval] among the children who returned for follow‐up was 15.4 [11.8–19.0] per 100 children‐years. The associated factors to relapses in multivariate Cox regression model were mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) at discharge below 125 mm, no oil/fat consumption during the last 24 h and incomplete vaccination. To limit relapses, CMAM programmes should avoid premature discharge before a MUAC of at least 125 mm. Nutrition education should emphasize fat/oil as inexpensive energy source for children. Promoting immunization is essential to promote child growth. Periodic monitoring of discharged children should be organized to detect earlier those who are at risk of relapse. The relapse rate should be a CMAM effectiveness indicator.
First recovery of Rasamsonia argillacea species complex isolated in adolescent patient with cystic fibrosis in Slovenia – case report and review of literature
Authors: Matos Tadeja , Cerar Tjaša , Praprotnik Marina , Krivec Uroš , Pirš Mateja 
Published: June 2015

SummaryWe report the isolation of the emerging fungal pathogen Rasamsonia aegroticola, which belongs Rasamsonia argillacea species complex, from a respiratory sample of a patient with cystic fibrosis. This filamentous fungus, resembling members of a Penicillium and Paecilomyces spp., was identified by morphology and confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. Susceptibility pattern showed high minimal inhibitory concentration of voriconazole and amphotericin B but low minimal inhibitory concentration of caspofungin, micafungin and itraconazole.