bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory data analysis & EDS analysis on tool chip adhesion under dry and nano minimum quantity lubrication machining environment
Authors: Manohar R Gowri , R Rajaraman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Adhesion, abrasion, plowing and transverse displacement are the major causes of origin of friction. During dry machining of ductile materials, chips are fused with the rake face of the cutting tool and contribute to the formation of the built up edge. Built up edge protects the rake face of the tool from wear, but makes the machined surface rough. To improve the tribological properties and to decrease the tool-chip adhesion, cutting fluids are used. Cutting fluids are added to the machining zone to minimise cutting temperature and friction, but they result in environmental and health degradation. Surface texturing of tools is a potential way to modify the tribological properties of mating surfaces in order to increase the tribological qualities and decrease the tool-chip adhesion. The performance of surface textured tools depends upon orientation, dimple depth, width and pattern. Under lubrication regime, microholes in surface textured tools acts both as lubrication reservoir and traps wear debris to reduce abrasive wear. Nano Minimum Quantity Lubrication (nano-MQL) is an advanced lubrication technique used in machining processes, specifically designed to minimize the use of lubricants while maintaining effective lubrication. This method involves delivering an extremely small amount of high-performance lubricant directly to the cutting zone. The MoS2 lubricant with sunflower oil is typically in the form of nanodroplets, which are much smaller than conventional minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) droplets. The Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) methodology enables the identification of patterns, trends, and outliers within the collected data, offering insights into the complex interplay of factors affecting the machining of Aluminium Alloy AA2024. At a spindle speed of 3500 rpm the feed force decreases by 37% under dry environment when compared with nano-MQL environment. Under dry environment average surface roughness reduces by 27% when compared with nano-MQL environment.
Lift-connected surface codes
Authors: Old Josias , Rispler Manuel , Müller Markus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe use the recently introduced lifted product to construct a family of quantum low density parity check codes (QLDPC codes). The codes we obtain can be viewed as stacks of surface codes that are interconnected, leading to the name lift-connected surface (LCS) codes. LCS codes offer a wide range of parameters—a particularly striking feature is that they show interesting properties that are favorable compared to the standard surface code. For example, already at moderate numbers of physical qubits in the order of tens, LCS codes of equal size have lower logical error rate or similarly, require fewer qubits for a fixed target logical error rate. We present and analyze the construction and provide numerical simulation results for the logical error rate under code capacity and phenomenological noise. These results show that LCS codes attain thresholds that are comparable to corresponding (non-connected) copies of surface codes, while the logical error rate can be orders of magnitude lower, even for representatives with the same parameters. This provides a code family showing the potential of modern product constructions at already small qubit numbers. Their amenability to 3D-local connectivity renders them particularly relevant for near-term implementations.
Pattern classification of bearing faults in PMSM based on time domain feature ensembles
Authors: G Geetha , P Geethanjali 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This research aims to identify an effective feature-based pattern classification technique that uses vibration and current data to identify bearing conditions. The authors attempted non-conventional time-domain features to detect the bearing conditions in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). This work employs two case studies utilizing eight datasets from Paderborn University to identify the bearing conditions of three and twelve classes. In this work, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, random forest, decision tree, and naive Bayes classifiers with 10% holdout validation are applied to study 31 feature combinations. This study also examines the Henry gas solubility optimization technique for feature selection to identify the most discriminating features. The results indicate that four feature ensembles consisting of 2 to 5 features performed better with the support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, and random forest classifiers. In contrast to previous relevant studies, the proposed features are useful in identifying PMSM-bearing conditions with the highest accuracy of 99.8% and 99% using current signals for 3 and 12 classes respectively for combined current operating conditions.
Transformer oil temperature sensing utilizing bundle plastic optical fiber sensor
Authors: Kadar Muhammad Sazlan Abdul , Ngajikin Nor Hafizah , Yaacob Maslina , Yasin Muhammad Zakir Md , Talib Mohd Aizam , Cholan Noran Azizan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A bundle plastic optical fiber (POF) that works based on an intensity modulation technique is experimentally demonstrated to sense the temperature of transformer oil. The sensor was developed using a bundle POF that is located perpendicular to an aluminum reflective film with an airgap cavity between these two elements. The simplicity of the architecture allows the development of an economical optical sensor system. To avoid interference effects by other substances in the oil, the sensor head is encapsulated with a metal protecting tube. The temperature measurement was realized in this study by monitoring the output light intensity in the visible light spectrum. For linearity range from 40 °C to 75 °C, the tested sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 0.0064 °C−1, a linearity coefficient of 0.95 and a resolution of 1.56 °C. These results demonstrate the suitability of the developed sensor for temperature oil monitoring in an electrical power transformer system.
Design, computational analysis and experimental study of a high amplification piezoelectric actuated microgripper
Authors: Das Tilok Kumar , Shirinzadeh Bijan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Increasing applications of compliant microgripper demands flexibility in working with a wide range of micro-objects which requires a large workspace, high precision motion, low parasitic motion, and satisfactory bandwidth control. To meet the requirement of pick and place manipulation tasks, a high amplification piezoelectric actuated microgripper is proposed and investigated in this paper. The high amplification of the microgripper is achieved using a compound amplifier. The compound amplifier is assisted to magnify the embedded piezoelectric actuator’s displacement. Two cascaded lever-type mechanisms are symmetrically connected with a bridge-type mechanism and form a three-stage amplification mechanism-based compound amplifier. Further, the four-bar parallelogram mechanisms are integrated with the third-stage displacement amplification mechanisms to linearize the output motion of the microgripper jaws. The characteristics of the microgripper were evaluated by computational analysis and validated using experimental investigations. Further, the design parameters are identified from the geometrical model of the individual displacement transmission mechanisms to perform a response surface optimization on the configured mechanism by the computational method. The design optimization of the microgripper resulted in a high displacement amplification ratio with a large workspace. The experimental investigations show that the designed microgripper is capable of achieving a high displacement amplification ratio of 34.5 and a total output displacement of 529.4 μm. Further, the characteristics of the microgripper such as motion resolution, and parasitic motion indicate that it will be able to perform high-precision micro-object grasping/releasing tasks.
Research on tool remaining useful life prediction algorithm based on machine learning
Authors: Ge Yong , Teo Hiu Hong , Moey Lip Kean , Tayier Walisijiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Tool wear during machining significantly impacts workpiece quality and productivity, making continuous monitoring and accurate prediction essential. In this context, the present study develops an efficient tool wear prediction system to enhance production reliability and reduce tool costs. It is worth noting that conventional methods, including support vector regression, autoencoders, attention mechanisms, CNNs, and RNNs, have limitations in feature extraction and efficiency. Aiming at resolving these limitations, a multiscale convolutional neural network (MDCNN)-based algorithm is proposed for predicting the remaining life of milling cutters. The algorithm uses preprocessing techniques like wavelet transform and principal component analysis for noise reduction and feature extraction. It then extracts temporal data features using convolutional layers of different scales and employs a self-attention mechanism for feature encoding. Validation on the PHM2010 milling cutter wear dataset with 10-fold cross-validation demonstrates that the MDCNN model achieves a wear prediction accuracy of 97%, a recall rate of 98%, and an F1 score of 97%. The MDCNN model effectively processes multi-band data and captures complex temporal features, confirming its efficiency and accuracy in predicting milling cutter wear and remaining service life.
Why place matters
Authors: Furlong Jamie , Jennings Will 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This final empirical chapter begins from the premise that there are places where demographic composition cannot fully account for the electoral performance of Labour or Conservatives. It explores, through qualitative case studies, two such areas where Labour (Merseyside) and Conservative (Lincolnshire) support are systematically under-predicted by statistical models. Using interviews with local political actors and experts and the iterative exploration and observation of constituencies within these two regions, we identify the place-based, contextual factors that help explain their unusual political characteristics. We argue that to understand the electoral geography of England and Wales, it is important to consider the role of local and regional (real or imagined) identities, culture, histories, economies, and party organization, which all, at least in the minds of local activists and observers, play a key role in shaping electoral competition. In short, place matters.
Equal Deeds, Different Needs
Authors: Bauer Alexander Max , Romann Jan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In a vignette study with a quota sample of the German population (n = 400), subjects had to redistribute a good between two hypothetical persons who contributed equally to the available amount but differed in quantity needed and the reason for their neediness. Within subjects, it was tested for the effects of need, accountability, and resource availability. Between subjects, kinds of needs were varied: Persons needed the good to survive, to live a decent life, to participate in society, or to be autonomous. Despite equal productivity, the mean share allocated to the needier person was significantly higher than an equal share. However, this share turned out significantly smaller when the needier person was accountable for needing more. Nonetheless, even if accountable, the needier person still got a share larger than their contribution. When there was a surplus of resources, the needier person got a higher share than when resources were scarce.
The Need for Measure Calibration in Experimental Philosophy
Authors: Cova Florian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Experimental philosophy purports to investigate folk intuitions about a wide array of topics. But can we be sure that the measures used by experimental philosophers succeed in capturing the intuitions they were intended to? Such questions about the content validity of measures in experimental philosophy have been at the heart of many methodological debates. In this chapter, my first goal is to argue that calibration methods—the fact of using measures on control cases in which we already know what participants’ answers should be if the measure is reliable—constitute a powerful, albeit underused, tool to make progress on such methodological debates. My second goal is then to show that calibration methods can also prove valuable when trying to improve existing measures. Thus, through three original studies, I show how calibration methods can be used to improve existing measures of participants’ intuitions about the objectivity of certain truths.
What do voters want from their legislators? evidence from ghana
Authors: Ofosu George Kwaku 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Legislators make trade-offs when allocating their time and resources to their multiple tasks of representation, legislation, executive oversight, and constituency service. Furthermore, they must decide how much effort to exert or the balance to strike when undertaking a specific function. Existing research provides limited insights into citizens’ preferences over these officeholder multifaceted decisions in sub-Saharan Africa. I offer novel insights into citizens’ preferences using a conjoint survey experiment of Ghanaians to address this knowledge gap. My findings are threefold. First, I find that citizens put more ‘weight’ on constituency-related activities than parliamentary work. Second, in the constituency, citizens value political representation activities more than constituency services. Third, they weigh public-good-oriented constituency services higher than private ones. The research contributes to our understanding of citizen–legislator accountability relationships in sub-Saharan Africa.
Long-term Outcomes of Poly-4-Hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) in Aesthetic Breast Surgery
Authors: Sinclair Nicholas R , Adams William P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Over the past decade, the use of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) in aesthetic breast surgery has grown in popularity. Published data on long-term outcomes, however, is scarce.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to assess long-term outcomes with utilization of P4HB in various aesthetic breast procedures.

Methods
A retrospective review of all patients undergoing breast procedures with P4HB was performed by the senior author between July 2012 and March 2022. All patients with greater than 1 year of follow-up were evaluated, including demographics, surgical indications, complications, secondary procedures, and patient satisfaction. A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to assess the stability of satisfaction over time.

Results
A total of 248 patients were evaluated. The mean follow-up length was 2.9 years (range, 1-9.3 years). The most common surgical indication was breast ptosis, which comprised 68% (n = 167) of patients. The overall complication rate was 8.0% (n = 20), with an unplanned reoperation rate of 2.8% (n = 7). Across the entire study population, the mean satisfaction score was 3.42 out of 4. When satisfaction scores were compared to follow-up length, Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated no statistical differences (H = 18.2, P = .89, degrees of freedom [df]= 2), suggesting stability of satisfaction over time.

Conclusions
This study presents the senior author’s entire experience with P4HB across a wide range of aesthetic breast procedures. With an average follow-up length of almost 3 years, P4HB appears to be a both safe and effective tool to support soft tissue in aesthetic breast surgery. Further, high patient satisfaction appears stable.

Level of Evidence: 4
Love bites: males of lizards prefer to mate with conspecifics, but do not disdain parthenogens
Authors: Galoyan Eduard A , Sopilko Natalia G , Kovalyeva Anna V , Nikolaev Oleg D , Iryshkov Eugene S , Kropachev Ivan I , Brinev Ilya A , Girnyk Anastasiya E , Arakelyan Marine S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Parthenogenesis has been discovered in a great number of reptiles, indicating that parthenogens can outcompete bisexual species and hybridize with them. This raises intriguing questions: how do parthenogenetic species coexist with gonochoristic relatives, and what outcome does this coexistence produce? To answer these two questions, we studied relationships between male rock lizards, Darevskia valentini, and parthenogenetic Darevskia armeniaca. We compared social and sexual reactions of males to females of their own species and parthenogenetic D. armeniaca and vice versa. We found that females of both species basked together with males and demonstrated mostly submissive behaviour. Females of D. valentini were less aggressive towards males in the mixed-species population than in the single-species population, suggesting female competition for males. The proportion of successful and unsuccessful mating attempts with females of bisexual and unisexual species was equal, and we found no significant differences in male reactions to bisexual and unisexual females in sympatry. The proportion of females bearing mating scars on their venters and the number of these scars per female were greater in the bisexual species. This indicates that females of the bisexual species were more attractive than parthenogenetic females as mating partners to males. We found no triploid hybrids among the offspring of parthenogenetic females that mated with males in the mixed population. Our findings suggest that parthenogenetic species might outcompete bisexual species by mating with males and integrating into the social system.
846 Implant Waste and Associated Costs in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ali Fi , Musbahi O , Sadiq M , Lewis T , Doyle R , Al Omran Y 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aim
Trauma and orthopaedic (T&O) surgery relies heavily on medical devices of different unrecyclable materials. This specialty generates significant metalwork wastage through implants, screws, nails and plates, placing a large economical strain on healthcare. Finding sustainable solutions is vital given globally increasing life expectancies and heavier dependency on invasive interventions, such a knee or hip arthroplasties. Our primary outcome is to quantify implant wastage across the literature, and secondarily investigate the associated costs.

Method
PRISMA guidelines were followed in the design, conduct and reporting. We searched through three databases (Scopus, PubMed and Embase) using MeSh terms including “implant waste” and “trauma and orthopaedic surgery”. We included observational and randomised controlled trials reporting patients undergoing T&O surgery, where the wastage or associated costs was provided.

Results
Our final analysis included 15 articles, screened from a total of 2,145 articles. 25,025 procedures were included, but there was limited and unmatched data. Implant waste ranged, occurring in 0.8%-25.1% procedures and costing on average $167,139.13. Screws and nails were amongst the most wasted material (up to 91% and 48% respectively), however intramedullary nails were the greatest cost contributor, making up to 47.6% of total wastage cost. Up to 95% of waste was attributable to human error.

Conclusions
Balancing implant wastage and hospital costs with patient safety is a challenge for many T&O subspecialties. The largest factors contributing to waste were human factors, such as surgeon or staff error, miscommunication and changing decision. We hope this review will inform future guidelines in encouraging implant waste mindfulness.
140 Overall Impact of Varying Plastic Surgery LA Trauma Theatre Availability on Service Delivery in a Medium-Sized Plastic Surgery Department – a Single Centre Multi-Cycle Review
Authors: Kidd T , Wood B , Lancerotto L , Mughal F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aim
Access to a dedicated local anaesthetic (LA) trauma facility outside standard theatres is a useful tool in the management of surgical trauma. An efficient cost-effective service should provide a see and treat delivery, wherever possible. We analysed the impact of altering service availability on the time between referral and surgical intervention, the time between surgical review and surgical intervention, and overall hospital services. We used this information to establish a pragmatic benchmark for service delivery.

Method
Between 2020 and 2023, key data was analysed for 5 separate cycles with differing levels of dedicated LA outpatient trauma theatre availability: 100%, 50%, 40%, 37%, 30%. 100% capacity represented two-sessions per day that ran Monday-Friday.

Results
Falling below 40% capacity caused a significant increase in the proportion of LA plastic surgery cases being performed in CEPOD or other theatres. 100% and 50% capacity saw similar distribution of theatre location. Once LA theatre capacity falls below 50%, this results in a significant delay between referral and day of surgery and a significant delay between senior review and day of surgery.

Conclusions
Demonstrates that dedicated LA trauma theatre availability of one half-day session daily can be a reasonable and pragmatic level of service provision for similar departments. Lower availability results in disruption to services, including higher main theatres utilisation, greater hospital bed expenditure, and increasing rates delay/cancellation. Increases towards 100% availability have little significant benefit. While this benchmark is specific to the caseload of the single unit, the analysis methods offer a replicable strategy for similar services.
609 Addressing Fears of Prospective International Medical Graduates (IMGs) Joining the NHS: An Online Course to Improve Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion in the NHS
Authors: Rahman K R , San N T , Mahmood A , Brahmbhatt K , WongSikHee J , Bowrey D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this project was to identify the biggest fears of IMGs regarding the NHS and address those fears via a locally designed online course, ultimately promoting equality, diversity, and inclusion in the NHS.

Method
The course was created after consultation with IMGs working in the NHS, and the content was based on the Higher-Level Outcomes (HLOs) of the Foundation Programme. The course was divided into 4 sessions, delivered weekly. Each session had an initial presentation followed by an interactive question answer segment, had 3 faculty personnel, and lasted 2 hours. A good laptop with internet connection was all that was needed for the course.

Results
In total, 699 participants registered for the course. About 92% of them had never attended similar courses before, and about 73% has never worked in the NHS. Lack of knowledge of the NHS system (32%) and medico-legal issues (25%) were the biggest fears of prospective IMGs regarding working in the NHS.
Post course feedback revealed that their confidence about working in the NHS increased by 30% after this course. Their confidence in working on-calls and building portfolio has also increased after the course by almost 26%. 78% participants said their biggest fear was addressed by this course. The question answer segment was rated helpful by 92% of participants.

Conclusions
This study illustrated that we could promote equality, diversity, and inclusion in the NHS by addressing the biggest fear of IMGs of not knowing the NHS system, using low resource, interactive online courses.