bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A noisy sub-Imperialist: Richard Seddon and the attempt to establish a New Zealand empire in the Pacific, 1894–1901
Authors: Brooking Tom 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article will be divided into four parts. First, it will traverse the surprisingly rich historiography on Richard Seddon’s efforts to establish a New Zealand sub-Empire in the Pacific. Most commentary has been relatively benign, especially that resulting from the many theses written in my own department, at the University of Otago, under Angus Ross in the 1960s. In the 1980s these adventures began to be viewed more critically by the likes of Dick Scott and Malama Meleisea. General histories of the Pacific, though, such as those written by Kerry Howe and Ian Campbell, have tended to ignore Seddon and other leading New Zealand politicians who dreamed of a sub-Empire in the Pacific, such as George Grey, Robert Stout and John Ballance. More recently, Damon Salesa, as one of the first indigenous historians of the Pacific, has judged Seddon’s efforts in particular, and New Zealand’s record in general, rather more harshly. So too, have scholars in anthropology, especially those influenced by postcolonial theory.
Second, I will tell the story of how New Zealand only managed to gain control of the Cook Islands and Niue, even though Seddon hoped to govern Western Samoa and Fiji, and, potentially, Tonga, the New Hebrides and Hawai’i. Third, I will explain how utilizing the insights of the decidedly middle-aged ‘new’ Imperial history might provide a better sense of context, especially in terms of Seddon’s efforts at trying to build a ‘better Britain’ while expanding the ‘British world’. Fourth, the problem remains that the success or failure of the New Zealand effort requires some comparative or transnational analysis to discover if the most remote British colony fared better or worse than other major Empires in the Pacific. The most obvious comparison is with the other sub-Imperial power – Australia – and I will suggest some ways in which such a comparison might be made, as well as discuss Seddon’s views of the efforts of his trans-Tasman neighbour in comparison with his own.
Investigation on airfoil operating in Ground Effect region
Authors: Pillai Nikhil , T. Anil , Radhakrishnan Aravind , Vinod Rahul , Kumar E. Sudheesh , Zaid Zahir , Jacob Antony , M. Manojkumar 
Published: January 2015

The idea of using a wing in ground effect vehicle has been suggested with the objective of developing a very economical and efficient means of rapid transportation across water bodies. This paper investigates into wing in ground effect airfoil geometry. ANSYS is used to perform the CFD analysis of the airfoils. CFD analysis has been performed on various airfoils operating in the ground effect region and a special class of airfoil called DHMTU has been found to have maximum aerodynamic efficiency. The DHMTU studied here is DHMTU 8-40-2-10-3-6-2-15. Aerodynamic efficiency for this particular airfoil has been determined through CFD analysis at various angles of attack. It has been found that the DHMTU possesses superior aerodynamic efficiency at low angle of attack and the maximum aerodynamic efficiency is found at 60 angle of attack. From CFD analysis it has also been determined that as the proximity to the ground reduces, the value of lift increases. The characteristics of this airfoil at various air speeds have also been determined through CFD analysis. These studies have illustrated the unique characteristics of the DHMTU airfoils and indicated areas for further optimization of the design of ground effect airfoils. The use of this airfoil for the ground effect vehicle can further lead to increase in efficiency of the craft.Abbreviations:CFD Computational Fluid DynamicsDHMTU Department Of Hydro-Mechanics of the Marine Technical UniversityNACA National Advisory Committee on AeronauticsL/D Lift to Drag RatioWIG Wing in GroundV Free stream velocityRe Reynolds number h/c Height to Chord RatioCL Coefficient of liftCD Coefficient of dragAOA Angle Of Attack
Developing an approach for decision making units integration using multi objective particle swarm optimization
Authors: Haeri Abdorrahman , Rezaie Kamran , Hatefi Seyed Morteza 
Published: January 2015

In recent years, integration between companies, suppliers or organizational departments attracted much attention. Decision making about integration encounters with major concerns. One of these concerns is which units should be integrated and what is the effect of integration on performance measures. In this paper the problem of decision making unit (DMU) integration is considered. It is tried to integrate DMUs so that the considered criteria are satisfied. In this research two criteria are considered that are mean of efficiencies of DMUs and the difference between DMUs that have largest and smallest efficiencies. For this purpose multi objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is applied. A case with 17 DMUs is considered. The results show that integration has increased both considered criteria effectively. Additionally this approach can presents different alternatives for decision maker (DM) that enables DM to select the final decision for integration.
C-terminal truncation of a Tat passenger protein affects its membrane translocation by interfering with receptor binding
Authors: Schlesier René , Bernd Klösgen Ralf 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
During thylakoid transport of the chimeric model twin-arginine translocation (Tat) substrate 16/23, two consecutive translocation intermediates with different membrane topology are observed. The early translocation intermediate Ti-1 is bound to the membrane such that almost half of the protein is protected against proteolysis and it was concluded that not only the signal peptide but also part of the passenger protein participates in membrane binding. However, topology studies using a membrane-impermeable thiol-reactive reagent show that most of the passenger remains accessible from the stromal side in Ti-1 conformation. Establishment of such Ti-1 topology at the membrane apparently requires the fully folded passenger protein, as it was not observed with 16/23 truncation derivatives lacking the C-terminal 20, 40, 60, or 88 residues. Thylakoid transport of these mutants, which depends on a fully functional Tat machinery, is progressively reduced with increasing size of the truncated passenger polypeptide. The same holds true also for the interaction with the thylakoidal TatBC complexes, suggesting that in this case receptor binding, which is apparently impaired by extended unfolded or malfolded passenger polypeptides, is the rate-limiting step of Tat-dependent membrane transport.
The commutator subgroup and the index formula of the Hecke group H
5
Authors: Lang Cheng Lien , Lang Mong Lung 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Let
A be an ideal of
ℤ[2cos(π/5)]
and let H(A) be the principal congruence subgroup of level
A of the Hecke group H
5.
The present article
gives explicit formulas for
[H
5 : H(A)]. As a byproduct, we prove that the commutator subgroup of
H
5 is not congruence. Consequently, the fact that the commutator subgroup of
the modular group is congruence cannot be carried over to the Hecke groups.
Published research on pre-college students’ and teachers’ nanoscale science, engineering, and technology learning
Authors: Bryan Lynn A. , Magana Alejandra J. , Sederberg David 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBy the end of the first decade of the 21st century, it was clear that nanotechnology was emerging as one of the most promising and rapidly expanding fields of research and development worldwide. It would not be long before scientists, science educators, engineers, and policy makers began advocating for nanoscience, engineering, and technology (NSET) related concepts to be introduced in K-12 classrooms. Indeed, there has been a surge in the development of pre-college NSET-related education programs over the last decade, as well as millions in funding to support the creation of these programs. In an effort to characterize the state of research to date on pre-college students’ and teachers’ learning of NSET content knowledge and related practices, we have conducted a systematic review of the peer-reviewed, published research studies to answer the following questions: What NSET content knowledge and practices in a pre-college context have been examined in empirical learning studies? What do these studies tell us about the NSET content knowledge and practices that pre-college students and teachers are learning? Implications and recommendations for future research are also discussed.
Boric acid: a simple molecule of physiologic, therapeutic and prebiotic significance
Authors: Zumreoglu-Karan Birgul , Kose Dursun Ali 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Boric acid, H3BO3, is a weak acid and at physiological pH is in the form of an uncharged small molecule. Behaving as a Lewis acid, it forms complexes with amino- and hydroxy acids, carbohydrates, nucleotides and vitamins through electron donor-acceptor interactions. These interactions are believed to be beneficial for human health. Synthetic bis-chelate complexes of boric acid with organic biomolecules are therefore considered for nutritional and/or pharmaceutical applications. The use of boric acid for BNCT has gained attention due to the short biological half-life, solubility, plasma circulation and the non-selective soft tissue accumulation properties of this simple molecule. Complexation of boric acid with sugars is of particular importance in understanding the role of boron as a carrier for nucleotides and carbohydrates. A potential and catalytic role of boric acid in peptide and nucleic acid synthesis and in the stabilization of sugar molecules by acting as a complexing agent have been demonstrated. Its possible role as a phosphorylation chaperone in a prebiotic world has been recently suggested. This contribution reviews the highlights in the physiologic, therapeutic and prebiotic significance of boric acid in the last decade.
The FlyCatwalk: A High-Throughput Feature-Based Sorting System for Artificial Selection in Drosophila
Authors: Medici Vasco , Vonesch Sibylle Chantal , Fry Steven N , Hafen Ernst 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Experimental evolution is a powerful tool for investigating complex traits. Artificial selection can be applied for a specific trait and the resulting phenotypically divergent populations pool-sequenced to identify alleles that occur at substantially different frequencies in the extreme populations. To maximize the proportion of loci that are causal to the phenotype among all enriched loci, population size and number of replicates need to be high. These requirements have, in fact, limited evolution studies in higher organisms, where the time investment required for phenotyping is often prohibitive for large-scale studies. Animal size is a highly multigenic trait that remains poorly understood, and an experimental evolution approach may thus aid in gaining new insights into the genetic basis of this trait. To this end, we developed the FlyCatwalk, a fully automated, high-throughput system to sort live fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) based on morphometric traits. With the FlyCatwalk, we can detect gender and quantify body and wing morphology parameters at a four-old higher throughput compared with manual processing. The phenotyping results acquired using the FlyCatwalk correlate well with those obtained using the standard manual procedure. We demonstrate that an automated, high-throughput, feature-based sorting system is able to avoid previous limitations in population size and replicate numbers. Our approach can likewise be applied for a variety of traits and experimental settings that require high-throughput phenotyping.
Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT
Authors: Garg Arvin , Toy Sarah , Tripodis Yorghos , Silverstein Michael , Freeman Elmer 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of a clinic-based screening and referral system (Well Child Care, Evaluation, Community Resources, Advocacy, Referral, Education [WE CARE]) on families’ receipt of community-based resources for unmet basic needs.METHODS:We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial at 8 urban community health centers, recruiting mothers of healthy infants. In the 4 WE CARE clinics, mothers completed a self-report screening instrument that assessed needs for child care, education, employment, food security, household heat, and housing. Providers made referrals for families; staff provided requisite applications and telephoned referred mothers within 1 month. Families at the 4 control community health centers received the usual care. We analyzed the results with generalized mixed-effect models.RESULTS:Three hundred thirty-six mothers were enrolled in the study (168 per arm). The majority of families had household incomes &lt;$20 000 (57%), and 68% had ≥2 unmet basic needs. More WE CARE mothers received ≥1 referral at the index visit (70% vs 8%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 29.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.7–59.6). At the 12-month visit, more WE CARE mothers had enrolled in a new community resource (39% vs 24%; aOR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2–3.7). WE CARE mothers had greater odds of being employed (aOR = 44.4; 95% CI, 9.8–201.4). WE CARE children had greater odds of being in child care (aOR = 6.3; 95% CI, 1.5–26.0). WE CARE families had greater odds of receiving fuel assistance (aOR = 11.9; 95% CI, 1.7–82.9) and lower odds of being in a homeless shelter (aOR = 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1–0.9).CONCLUSIONS:Systematically screening and referring for social determinants during well child care can lead to the receipt of more community resources for families.
New mid-Cretaceous earwigs in amber from Myanmar (Dermaptera)
Authors: Engel Michael S. , Grimaldi David A. 
Published: January 2015

Two new genera and species of mid-Cretaceous earwigs are described and figured from Burmese (Myanmar) amber. Zigrasolabis speciosa Engel & Grimaldi, new genus and species, is represented by a series of females in a single, large piece of amber. Toxolabis zigrasi Engel & Grimaldi, new genus and species, is based on a single male. Two first-instar nymphs in the same piece as T. zigrasi may represent early stadia for this species. In addition, two further morphospecies of isolated nymphs are recorded. Both of the described genera belong to the Neodermaptera (Zigrasolabis a labidurine, Toxolabis likely an anisolabidine) but can be excluded from the Eudermaptera clade, the latter of which likely originated and diversified in the Early Tertiary or latest Cretaceous.
Sizing Gas/Liquid Horizontal Separators Handling Nonstable Multiphase Streams
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2015

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 169444, ’A Method To Size Gas/Liquid Horizontal Separators Handling Nonstable Multiphase Streams,’ by J.L. Hernandez-Martinez, Pemex, and V. Martinez-Ortiz, Schlumberger, prepared for the 2014 SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, Maracaibo, Venezuela, 21-23 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The sizing procedures for all of the process equipment in the oil and gas industry share a common assumption: The stream flow rate measured at the inlet is always constant or stable. This principle works fine for plants where the process conditions are controlled, but it does not apply to primary production facilities where the streams come from multiphase flowlines or wells. The sizing procedure described in the paper allows one to size horizontal gas/liquid separators considering nonstable flow rate at the inlet or fluctuations in the liquid fraction on the same stream.
Background
From a design standpoint, separators are split into three stages (or sections).
Primary Stage. This is a mechanical operation; it uses an inlet diverter so that the momentum of the liquid in the gas causes the largest droplets to impinge on the diverter, forming droplets that are separated by gravity. The gas stream flows to the disengagement section.
Secondary Stage. Liquid drops immersed in the gas stream are separated by gravity. This separation is governed by the settling liquid-drop velocity inside the gas phase. This velocity must be higher than gas-stream velocity to allow the drop to settle to the liquid phase.
Tertiary Stage. This occurs on the mist eliminator. This is a device that allows small-sized droplets to coalesce to larger drops, which fall down by gravity to the liquid phase.
These design stages or sections are shown in Fig. 1. The primary stage is designed on the basis of a simple volumetric balance, following some well-known rules. The most important parameter to consider in designing the secondary stage is the settling drop velocity inside the gas stream. This velocity can be calculated by performing a balance around each liquid droplet. This balance takes into account two factors, gravity and the drag forces applied by the gas stream. Liquid droplets settle at a constant velocity known as terminal velocity (for its calculation, as well as a discussion of the theoretical model used, please see the complete paper).
An Economic Model for Field-Wide Shale Gas Development in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Casey Meaghan , Rajan Surya , Kohshour Iman Oraki , Adejumo Adebola , Kugler Imre 
Published: January 2015

AbstractShale gas development is characterized by a composite of several experience curves in terms of operations, resource assessment and infrastructure development. More specifically, the learning curve for the operator grows as operational characteristics are fine-tuned, such as experience ramp-up, logistics and supply chain optimization, and factory-style operations. Technical understanding of the basin then grows as operators learn how to design and execute the most suitable horizontal well trajectory; how best to land the lateral section in the pay zone; where to perforate the formation; how to optimize perforated sections, and the number and size of frac stages; and where the sweet spot is located relative to asset sections with marginal economics. Supporting infrastructure must grow in pace with development growth, which is also influenced by the fine tuning of supporting policy and regulations, resulting wellhead costs and market factors. Each phase is characterized by associated costs and uncertainties.A field-wide shale gas economic model was applied as an extension of the original single-well economic model, which captures the various phases of unconventional resource development. The base model was tested against North American shale basins; fundamentals of the same model were adjusted to assess unconventional development in the Middle East, and specifically calibrated to analyze field development in the Qusaiba shale in Saudi Arabia.Model results for Saudi Arabia shed light on the commercial feasibility of shale gas development in the country, along with operational constraints and limitations. While broad findings apply to the Middle East as a whole, country-specific modeling reveals specific operational issues that must be addressed in the course of development of unconventional resources in the region.
Real-Time Use of Microseismic Monitoring for Horizontal Completion Optimization Across a Major Fault in the Eagle Ford Formation
Authors: Zakhour Nancy , Sunwall Mark , Benavidez Raul , Hogarth Leah , Xu Jian 
Published: January 2015

Introduction
The Eagle Ford Shale is upper cretaceous hydrocarbon-bearing marl that is currently being aggressively developed over a 15,000 square mile, 26 county area in south Texas. It varies in thickness from 50 to 300 feet and is productive at depths ranging from 5,000 to 14,000 feet subsea. The Eagle Ford formation is bounded at the base by the lower Cretaceous Buda Limestone and overlain by the Austin Chalk. It has relatively low total clay content and a calcite volume greater than 50% making it a more brittle rock favourable for hydraulic fracturing operations. The highly laminated, impermeable and anisotropic nature of the reservoir requires increasingly sophisticated completion designs. In addition, the high per acre valuation has pushed operators to optimize the location and spacing of development wells within their leasehold, in order to maximize the ultimate production of reserves, resulting in the necessity to drill wells across major fault zones.
An E&P company drilled two horizontal laterals in the gas/condensate window of the Eagle Ford shale trend in Karnes County, Texas. The respective Wells A and B consist of two parallel, toe-down laterals drilled approximately 330 feet apart (Fig. 1). The main challenge associated with the wells was drilling and completing the laterals across a major fault zone while targeting a fairly narrow vertical interval within the lower Eagle Ford formation. In fact, the downthrown portion of the Well B lateral drifted into the Buda limestone for about 80 feet (Fig. 1), highlighting the validity of this concern.
Microseismic monitoring provided the opportunity to identify fault interaction in real-time and analyse the mechanisms of interaction after the job. The integration of treatment data with the microseismic results proved essential for the analysis in both real-time and post-job.
Two‐Level Multivariable Control System of Dissolved Oxygen Tracking and Aeration System for Activated Sludge Processes
Authors: Piotrowski Robert 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT: The problem of tracking dissolved oxygen is one of the most complex and fundamental issues related to biological processes. The dissolved oxygen level in aerobic tanks has a significant influence on the behavior and activity of microorganisms. Aerated tanks are supplied with air from an aeration system (blowers, pipes, throttling valves, and diffusers). It is a complex, dynamic system governed by nonlinear hybrid dynamics. Control of the aeration system is also difficult in terms of control of the dissolved oxygen. In this article, a two‐level multivariable control system for tracking dissolved oxygen and controlling an aeration system is designed. A nonlinear model predictive control algorithm was applied to design controllers for each level. This overall hierarchical control system was validated by simulation based on real data records provided by a water resource recovery facility located in Kartuzy, Northern Poland. The effect of control system parameters and disturbances was also investigated.
Women in Local Politics in Russia: Coping with Poverty and Strategies for Development
Authors: Sätre Ann-Mari 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In historical continuation from the Soviet Union, social policy is predominantly a female responsibility. The present article focuses on women in local politics, who have an important role in local change, and who; among others, cope with poverty and try to solve reasons and consequences of poverty. Based on interviews and observations, the article shows how women’s entrepreneurial skills of handling various shortcomings in the Soviet system are reflected in their present strategies for social development in local contexts in Russia. While the state leadership decides about reforms, setting new formal rules, local politicians develop their own routines and strategies. Being responsible for organising social welfare, interviewed female politicians told about how they use different strategies. This means that adopted practices are likely to be more heterogeneous than before. It seems important to both rely on useful norms inherited from the Soviet time, while also developing strategies based on new possibilities, arising as a result of reforms. The empirical data is based on interviews from three minor communities in one Russian region, conducted in 2002 to 2012.