bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Video-making, Harlem Shaking: Theorizing the interactive amateur
Authors: Keating Abigail 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The aim of this article is to interrogate the recent YouTube phenomenon of ‘Harlem Shake’ (2013) as an interactive amateur video-making collective. I argue that the significance of the meme from an amateur film studies perspective lies in the realm of three overlapping areas of: the productive interaction that occurs among amateur creators online; the generic adherence to the narrative, technical and aesthetic ‘rules’ that define the trend; and the problematization of personal control that comes to light as a consequence of both co-creation and global exhibition. Through a detailed discussion of the traditional distinctions between amateurism and professionalism, public and private media-making, and the notion of YouTube as a democratizing yet monetizing platform, I argue that ‘Harlem Shake’ reflects the consumption of culture amid the Web 2.0 generation and that its semiotic code represents the underlying structure of the paradoxical landscape on which it has burgeoned.
Unraveling Genomic Complexity at a Quantitative Disease Resistance Locus in Maize
Authors: Jamann Tiffany M , Poland Jesse A , Kolkman Judith M , Smith Laurie G , Nelson Rebecca J 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Multiple disease resistance has important implications for plant fitness, given the selection pressure that many pathogens exert directly on natural plant populations and indirectly via crop improvement programs. Evidence of a locus conditioning resistance to multiple pathogens was found in bin 1.06 of the maize genome with the allele from inbred line “Tx303” conditioning quantitative resistance to northern leaf blight (NLB) and qualitative resistance to Stewart’s wilt. To dissect the genetic basis of resistance in this region and to refine candidate gene hypotheses, we mapped resistance to the two diseases. Both resistance phenotypes were localized to overlapping regions, with the Stewart’s wilt interval refined to a 95.9-kb segment containing three genes and the NLB interval to a 3.60-Mb segment containing 117 genes. Regions of the introgression showed little to no recombination, suggesting structural differences between the inbred lines Tx303 and “B73,” the parents of the fine-mapping population. We examined copy number variation across the region using next-generation sequencing data, and found large variation in read depth in Tx303 across the region relative to the reference genome of B73. In the fine-mapping region, association mapping for NLB implicated candidate genes, including a putative zinc finger and pan1. We tested mutant alleles and found that pan1 is a susceptibility gene for NLB and Stewart’s wilt. Our data strongly suggest that structural variation plays an important role in resistance conditioned by this region, and pan1, a gene conditioning susceptibility for NLB, may underlie the QTL.
Finite Element Modeling of the Ferroelectroelastic Material Behavior in Consideration of Domain Wall Motions
Authors: Liskowsky Albrecht C. , Semenov Artem S. , Balke Herbert , McMeeking Robert M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA simulation of the nonlinear electromechanical macroscopic behavior of ferroelectric materials by means of the finite element method is presented. A material point is depicted by a representative volume element, for which homogeneous boundary conditions are valid. The evolution of integral averages over the representative volume element is to homogenize the results. For this homogenization we favor a finite element model in which each Gauss point represents exactly one single crystal. Their number of internal variables is limited to the lattice orientation and the volume fractions of the domains. The former are randomly distributed in space. It is possible to calculate the material behavior for arbitrary coupled and nonlinear electromechanical loading cases, but the model is not effective for the solution of boundary value problems for entire bodies.
The climatic wind energy potential — present and future: GIS-analysis in the region of Freiburg im Breisgau based on observed data and Regional Climate Models
Authors: Richert Clemens , Matzarakis Andreas 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The current and future wind energy potentials for two square areas (SA) in the region of Freiburg were assessed and analyzed, with the aim of mitigating climate change by increasing the use of wind energy. For future conditions the regional climate models REMO and CLM were taken into account for the IPCC Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1B and B1. One aim was to provide information of the applicability of data from regional climate models in terms of wind energy. As a reference dataset, the wind energy potentials of the two measurement stations of the German Weather Service (DWD) (1961–1990) in Freiburg (SA I) and on the Feldberg (SA II) were assessed. Calculations were carried out by the Wind Analysis and Application Program (WAsP). Results were in terms of visual analysis displayed with maps.
While the annual electricity performances of the reference data in SA I and SA II reach up to 7.2 GWh and 10.1 GWh respectively, the calculations for REMO and CLM show an underestimation of the real conditions for every period and Emission Scenario. Hence the applicability of the models in consideration seems to be limited. Nevertheless, with regard to different socio-economic developments (SRES A1B and B1), the results provide an overview of the wind energy potentials’ development in the different periods.
Variations spatiales des structures de ménage en Allemagne au xix e siècle
Authors: Szołtysek Mikołaj , Gruber Siegfried , Klüsener Sebastian , Goldstein Joshua R. 
Published: July 2014

Résumé L’Allemagne du xix e siècle est un laboratoire particulièrement intéressant pour l’étude des différences démographiques entre régions, et pourtant les structures de la famille à cette époque dans cette partie de l’Europe restent peu explorées. Cet article analyse la variabilité des situations domestiques avec une mesure agrégée de la complexité des ménages fondée sur les statistiques publiées du recensement allemand de 1885. Des méthodes descriptives et des techniques de modélisation spatiale permettent d’examiner les hypothèses existantes sur les déterminants de la complexité des ménages. Les variations régionales de la structure des ménages sont-elles associées aux variations concernant l’emploi agricole, les pratiques d’héritage, l’appartenance ethnique et d’autres caractéristiques socio-économiques ? Les régions où la complexité des ménages était faible se concentrent dans le sud-ouest et le sud de l’Allemagne, et celles où la complexité était forte dans le nord et le nord-est. Quant aux différences macro-régionales socio-économiques et culturelles, dont on sait qu’elles existaient en Allemagne à la fin du xix e siècle et qu’on pensait décisives, elles ne s’avèrent que faiblement associées aux schémas spatiaux de complexité des ménages. Ces résultats sont cohérents avec l’hypothèse de Ruggles (2009), selon laquelle les variations spatiales des structures de ménage sont essentiellement liées au degré d’emploi dans l’agriculture et aux caractéristiques démographiques.
Minimally Invasive Reconstruction of Anterior Talofibular Ligament with Partial Peroneus Brevis Tendon in the Treatment of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Chen Qian-bo , Tan Xiao-kang , Yuan Chen-song , Tao Xu , Cao Hong-hui , Xu Jian-zhong , Tang Kang-lai 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Background
Chronic lateral ankle instability causes significant problems in physical activity and accelerates development of osteoarthritic changes. Many procedures were designed to reconstruct the anterior talo-fibular ligament (ATFL) in the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability. Although most of them were effective, but brought big trauma and sacrifice of some tendons.

Objective
To design a minimally invasive ATFL reconstruction with partial peroneus brevis tendon and evaluate its clinical outcomes.

Study design
Nonrandomized controlled clinical trial.

Materials and methods
From 2004 to 2012, 29 patients of chronic lateral ankle instability were treated with minimally invasive ATFL reconstruction with partial peroneus brevis tendon. A 3 cm curved incision was made to explore the ATFL origin and its insertion. Half peroneus brevis tendon was taken to reconstruct the ATFL through the bone tunnel from the insertion of CFL to the insertion of ATFL in the fibular, and then fixed to ATFL insertion location on the talus. All patients were followed-up by radiology and clinical examination at least two years. Their ATFLs were always evaluated by standard stress X-ray examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to surgery and every 1 year after the operation. Functional results were assessed in terms of Karlsson score and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) anklehind foot score.

Results
The average follow-up period was 57.9 months (24- 114 months). The majority of results (93.1%) were satisfactory. The mean Karlsson score improved from 41.7 prior to surgery to 88.6 and AOFAS from an average 47.2 preoperatively to 91.7 postoperatively at the final follow-up visit. Paired t-tests showed improvements of great significance (p < 0.01). The ligaments were proved be reconstructed well in all patients by MRI. It showed the negative talar tilt sign postoperatively by stress X-rays. There was no recurrence of lateral ankle instability.

Conclusion
The minimally invasive ATFL reconstruction with partial peroneus brevis tendon has advantages of small trauma, good reconstruction and excellent clinical outcomes, thus, is a safe and effective method for the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability.

How to cite this article
Chen Q, Tan X, Yuan C, Tao X, Cao H, Xu J, Tang K. Minimally Invasive Reconstruction of Anterior Talofibular Ligament with Partial Peroneus Brevis Tendon in the Treatment of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2014;1(1):12-16.
Iatrogenic Transfer Metatarsalgia managed by the Lapidus Procedure: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Singh Harmeet , Rikhraj Inderjeet Singh 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Corrective surgery for Hallux Valgus requires that we balance the 1st metatarsal head with those of the lesser metatarsals. Failure of achieving this balance would result in a transfer metatarsalgia to the lesser metatarsal heads, frequently the 2nd metatarsal. We report of 2 such cases that presented with a transfer metatarsalgia to the head of the 2nd metatarsal. The Lapidus procedure was done to achieve the balance of the 1st metatarsal head with the rest of the lesser metatarsals in both cases. Both patients reported complete relief of pain and improvement in the AOFAS MTP-IP scores.

How to cite this article
Rikhraj IS, Singh H. Iatrogenic Transfer Metatarsalgia managed by the Lapidus Procedure: A Report of Two Cases. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2014;1(1):38-40.
Interactions of von Willebrand factor and ADAMTS13 in von Willebrand disease and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Schneppenheim R. , Budde U. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe function of von Willebrand factor (VWF), a huge multimeric protein and a key factor in platelet dependent primary haemostasis, is regulated by its specific protease ADAMTS13. The ADAMTS13 dependent degradation of VWF to its proteolytic fragments can be visualized as a characteristic so-called triplet structure of individual VWF oligomers by multimer analysis. Lack of VWF high molecular weight multimers (VWF-HMWM) or their pathologically enhanced degradation under - lies a particular type of von Willebrand disease, VWD type 2A with a significant bleeding tendency, and may also be observed in acquired von Willebrand syndrome due to cardiovascular disease. In these conditions multimer analysis is an obligatory and powerful tool for diagnosis of VWD. The opposite condition, the persistence of ultralarge VWF (UL-VWF) multimers may cause the microangiopathic life-threatening disorder thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). During the course of active TTP, UL-VWF is consumed in the hyaline thrombi formed in the microvasculature which will ultimately result in the loss of UL-VWF and VWF-HMWM. Therefore, VWF multimer analysis is not a valid tool to diagnose TTP in the active phase of disease but may be helpful for the diagnosis of TTP patients in remission.
Harbour porpoises (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>) in the North Atlantic: Biological parameters
Authors: Lockyer Christina 
Published: July 2014

Biological parameters for harbour porpoises are reviewed throughout their range in the North Atlantic. Most information is based on studies of a combination of directed catches, bycatches and strandings. All these sources are valuable for providing biological information, but each carries some bias when it comes to interpretation of parameters, especially those involving age structure. Information on age-related parameters, reproduction and growth is presented and assessed by region and/or population, of which there may be 14 throughout the North Atlantic. Among age related parameters, maximum longevity recorded is 24 years; maximal rate of population growth is probably 9.4% but in the range 5-10%; mortality is highest in year 1, and <5% of the population live beyond 12 years; an estimate of 0.867 with a maximum age of 23 years has been given for survival. Among reproductive parameters, age at sexual maturation falls between 3-4 years for both sexes; age at first parturition is probably 4-5 years; age at first ovulation is >3 years; ovulation rates fall in the range 0.64 - 0.988 corpus per year, and reproductive interval is 1.01-1.57 years; pregnancy rates are generally in the range 0.74 - 0.986 per year, meaning that not all females produce a calf every year; there is seasonal breeding/mating in the period June–August; gestation lasts 10-11 months; parturition generally occurs between mid-May to mid-July; duration of lactation is uncertain, but is probably at least 8 months; size at birth is usually in the range 65-75 cm with a maximum size of about 80 cm. Sex ratio is biased to males throughout life: 1.1-1.2 males : 1.0 females in the foetal stage, and 1.1-1.7 males : 1.0 females post-natal. Growth parameters indicate an asymptotic length and weight that varies with population, but usually falls in the range 153-163 cm and 55-65 kg for females and 141-149 cm and 46-51 kg for males. Growth models used for length and weight are typically based on von Bertalanffy and Gompertz models. Length at sexual maturity also varies with population, but is usually in the range 138-147 cm for females and 127-135 cm for males. There is no information based on vertebral epiphyseal fusion to indicate age at physical maturity. Foetal growth appears normal, but there is uncertainty about the existence of embryonic diapause. Size/age at weaning are uncertain, but size may be <115 cm and at an age >8 months; however, entirely independent feeding may not occur until about 10 months.
Distribution and abundance of Canadian High Arctic belugas, 1974-1979
Authors: Koski William R , Finley Kerwin J 
Published: July 2014

We conducted >236,000 km of aerial surveys and some supplementary studies of belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) in the central and eastern Canadian High Arctic in 974-79. Belugas that wintered in the “North Water” in Baffin Bay moved southwest into Lancaster Sound in April and early May. The main westward migration into Lancaster Sound occurred over a 2 to 3 week period during late June to late July. Estuaries along Somerset Island were occupied for <3 weeks from mid-July to mid-August. Little feeding occurred in estuaries. From mid-August until fall migration began in mid-September belugas occupied estuaries and offshore waters in Peel Sound. Fall migration eastward through Lancaster Sound was exclusively along the south coast of Devon Island, highly co-ordinated, and rapid; most of the population passed through the sound in <1 week. The whales then moved north along the east coast of Devon Island; some entered Jones Sound while others crossed directly to SE Ellesmere Island. Most calving occurred in July and early August; calving was not seen in estuaries and probably occurred offshore. Excluding calves, adults and yearlings formed 77% and 8.4%, respectively, of the population. The proportion of calves during mid-August was consistent with a triennial calving cycle. During late summer, belugas fed on coastal concentrations of polar cod (Boreogadus saida), under pan ice offshore (probably on cod), and in deep offshore waters. The size of the Canadian High Arctic population in the late 1970s was estimated to be at least 10,250 to 12,000 animals without allowing for animals that may have passed between surveys or that were below the surface at the time of the counts.
Resource assessment and projections for the belugas off West Greenland using the population model of HITTER-FITTER
Authors: Butterworth Doug S , Plagányi Éva E , Geromont Helena F 
Published: July 2014

The population model of the HITTER-FITTER package is applied to compute trajectories for single and two stock scenarios for the beluga population wintering off West Greenland. Values of MSYR1+ from 1% to 4% are considered, with results computed to hit best estimates and lower 5%-iles for total abundance in 1999. Twenty year projections show that even for the most optimistic of these options in the single stock case, the resource is rendered extinct within 20 years if recent estimated annual catch levels of some 700 are continued. A time series of relative abundance information from surveys indicates that MSYR1+ may be no more than 0.5%. All scenarios considered are suggestive of a heavily depleted resource for which catch levels need to be substantially reduced to secure against possible further reduction of the population.
A note on a walrus’ European odyssey
Authors: Born E W , Stefansson E , Mikkelsen B , Laidre K L , Andersen L W , Rigét F F , Villum Jensen M , Bloch D 
Published: July 2014

This study reports on the first successful identification of the site of origin of an extralimital walrus in Europe. On 24 February 2010 an adult male Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) migrant was instrumented with a SPOT-5 satellite-linked transmitter (SLT) while hauled out on a beach on the Faroe Islands at 62° 15' N/06° 32' W. This SLT transmitted until 5 March during which period the walrus made local movements, likely for feeding. Transmissions were not received during 6-25 March, however, visual observations during this time indicated that the walrus remained at the Faroe Islands. A second transmitter was deployed on the same animal on 25 March 2010 at another site on the islands (62° 16' N/07° 04' W). Activity data collected over 13 days indicated that the walrus hauled out in three different places in the Faroe Islands and used a total of 24% of its time resting on land. On 29 March 2010 the walrus left the Faroe Islands and headed WNW towards NE Iceland. On 2 April it took a NNE course and swam towards Svalbard where the last location was received from a sea ice covered area on 25 April 2010 at 78° 27' N/09° 20' E (i.e. ca. 40 km west of the island of Prins Karls Forland in the western Svalbard archipelago). During 29 March-22 April the walrus swam a minimum distance of 2216 km between the last location at the Faroe Islands and the first location at Svalbard, with an average swimming speed of 4.5 km/h. A genetic analysis indicated that this walrus belonged to the Svalbard-Franz Josef Land subpopulation, thereby confirming that it returned to its site of origin.
Evaluation of etorphine reversed by diprenorphine for the immobilisation of free-ranging Atlantic walrus (<i>Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus</i> L.)
Authors: Acquarone Mario , Born Erik W , Griffiths David , Knutsen Lars Øyvind , Wiig Øystein , Gjertz Ian 
Published: July 2014

To date no problem-free method exists for the immobilisation of free‑ranging walruses (Odobenus rosmarus). In the period 1989-2001, 69 immobilisations with etorphine HCl were performed by remote darting of 41 individual free-ranging adult Atlantic walruses (O. r. rosmarus), with body masses 633 ‑ 1883 kg, as a rerequisite for the attachment of radio tracking and dive recording instruments, and for studies of metabolism. Ten individuals were immobilised several times. We present data on these 69 immobilisations and evaluate the method. Full immobilisation was achieved in 58 cases (84 %). The animals were insufficiently restrained in 6 cases (9 %) and 5 animals died (7 %) following the immobilisation. The animals were fully immobilised and approachable after 5 min (n = 38, range = 1.9 ‑ 12.4 min, SD = 2.2) with a dose of etorphine of 6.1 μg/kg (range 2.4 ‑ 12.6 μg /kg, SD = 2.4). Induction time was negatively correlated with the dosage of etorphine. Etorphine-induced apnoea lasted 13.7 min (n = 36, range 17.0 ‑ 26.7 min, SD = 5.1) and was reversed by multiple doses of the antagonist diprenorphine HCl. The first dose of antagonist of 12.2 mg (n = 39, range 6.0 ‑ 21.0 mg, SD = 3.5) was administered 8.4 min (n = 38, range 4.7 ‑ 18.0 min, SD = 2.8) after injection of the agonist. The total dose of diprenorphine per animal ranged between 7.7 and 41.7 μg/kg (n = 31, mean = 17.2 μg/kg, SD = 7.5). For some animals blood pH values were measured following the apnoea and reached low levels (min pH 6.8). For animals that were immobilised several times there were no indications of changed sensitivity to etorphine as reflected in unchanged induction times. Mortalities could neither be related to the doses of agonist and antagonist, nor to the times of administration of the drugs. From this (n = 69) and other (n = 103) studies involving etorphine immobilisation of walruses (both Atlantic and Pacific) the overall success rate is 83 % (8 % casualty rate). We conclude that the combination etorphine‑ diprenorphine is suitable for both single and multiple immobilisations of walruses provided that (a) a casualty rate of 7-8% is acceptable (b) the antagonist diprenorphine is administered fast and well into a tissue with good blood irrigation, and (c) the animal is promptly intubated endotracheally to facilitate the restoration of breathing after drug-induced apnoea.