bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family business in transition: a case of PAL
Authors: Joshi Manoj , Srivastava Apoorva 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The case aims to deal with multi generation entrepreneurship. Families are about people and businesses are about money, therefore, conflict between the two is inevitable. Family-owned businesses develop competitive edges when they align values, vision, strategy, investment and governance to make both family and business activities more professional and mutually supportive. It is a belief that “treating the business like a family”, driven by values and concern for human needs, creates an organization with motivated people working together to create long-term value. Jitesh Ghai is the MD of Panchamrit Asbestos Ltd (PAL), which stands for PAL. Jitesh has an “experiential learning” with the cement sheet business and has understood the nuances of the business. It is supposedly required that PAL ought to professionalize owing to market infeasibility. Shashwat, his son has diversified interests and therefore desires to spin-off to “Big Apple”.Design/methodology/approach– The case is based on research and secondary information, which has been tested several times, while filling the case gaps during the process. To authenticate information, multiple sources (vendors and customers) of information have been used.Findings– There is a dilemma between the father-son relationship and decision to professionalise or spin-off! It is understood that in multigenerational business, it is not necessary that the subsequent generation keep the same business, but must preserve wealth and traditions.Research limitations/implications– The findings are based on observations on one organisation and research carried through secondary sources, which may limit to theory building.Practical implications– An enterprise largely competes on the basis of available talent, knowledge, competency and capability. Therefore, knowledge must be managed. For survival and growth, business transition must be handled effectively.Originality/value– The case is original with the business family in its second generation striving to survive.
FINRA report on broker-dealer management of conflicts of interest
Authors: Anderson Scott 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– To summarize the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority report on broker-dealer conflicts of interest.

Design/methodology/approach
– Discusses background of recent FINRA information collection effort on conflicts of interest upon which FINRA based the report. Outlines FINRA objectives for firms to review their current conflicts management systems. Discusses three key areas where firms should focus attention, including examples of possible practices firms can undertake: a firm's general conflicts of interest framework across all business lines; new products creation and distribution; and compensation practices.

Findings
– The report highlights areas that FINRA expects broker-dealers to consider in reviewing their compliance policies and procedures to assess whether firms should implement changes to their own conflict management frameworks. FINRA will evaluate whether to pursue future conflicts management rulemaking if broker-dealer firms do not make adequate progress on conflicts management.

Originality/value
– Practical explanation by experienced financial services lawyer.
Submersion as a tactic to prevent emergence of emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis from black ash logs
Authors: Siegert Nathan W. , Secord Theresa , McCullough Deborah G. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Black ash (Fraxinus nigra Marshall) trees are an important cultural resource and provide the wood used for traditional contemporary basketry by numerous Native American and First Nation tribes in the U.S.A. and Canada. The invasion and subsequent spread of emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) threatens the ash resource in North America and the basketry tradition. Submersion of infested ash logs has been proposed as a potential tactic to control A. planipennis emergence, although the duration of submergence required to prevent adult beetle emergence is unknown.
We assessed the survivorship of A. planipennis prepupae through adult beetle emergence in green ash (F. pennsylvanica Marshall) bolts submerged at weekly intervals for up to 6 weeks and in black ash bolts submerged at 4‐week intervals for up to 24 weeks. The moisture content of sapwood at depths where prepupal chambers are commonly found was quantified in the black ash bolts after 0, 12 and 24 weeks of submergence.
Mortality of A. planipennis from prepupa to adult was low (5.7 ± 2.3%) for the first 6 weeks of submersion but rapidly increased to 100% in green ash and black ash bolts submerged for 8 weeks or longer. In black ash, the outer 1.3 cm of wood became highly saturated after submersion for 12 weeks (81.0 ± 4.5%) and moisture increased only slightly after 24 weeks (83.9 ± 2.8%).
The results obtained in the present study indicate that A. planipennis prepupae in green ash and black ash bolts can survive complete submersion for extended periods of time (i.e. at least 6 weeks) and successfully emerge as adults afterwards. Logs submerged for at least 8 weeks, however, produced no live A. planipennis beetles, indicating that submersion represents an efficacious control option.
National Emissions Standards, Pollution Havens, and Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Sanders Shane , Alakshendra Abhinav , Walia Bhavneet 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe present study shows that the availability of “pollution havens” can negate the effect of national legislation that tightens industrial greenhouse gas emission standards. In the perverse case, a unilateral tightening of said standards in Country A (a country with relatively stringent industrial emission standards) causes a representative multinational firm to emit more units of greenhouse gas in its global production. The article highlights the potential perils of unilateral action on environmental issues that are global in nature.
Histopathology and prognosis in human meningiomas
Authors: Backer‐Grøndahl Thomas , Moen Bjørnar H. , Sundstrøm Stein H. , Torp Sverre H. 
Published: April 2014

Histopathological grading of human meningiomas is based on criteria adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, interpretation of the defined histopathological criteria is often subjective. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and histopathological features in these tumours associated with patient survival. This enables evaluation of current grading guidelines and practice. In this study, 196 primary, intracranial, and consecutively treated patients from one institution were included. All histological sections were reviewed. Survival data were controlled with the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Falcine location, sheet‐like growth, frequent mitoses, subtotal resection grade, and absence of psammoma bodies were strong prognostic factors. Of these factors, the latter two were statistically significantly associated with decreased time to recurrence in multivariate analyses. The WHO 2000 and 2007 classifications were associated with decreased time to recurrence. However, the grading criteria suggested by Ho et al. (2002) and in this study achieved stronger prognostic values. Easily recognizable histopathological criteria are essential in tumour grading. We suggest that any two of the following three variables can be used to recognize atypical (grade II) meningiomas: absence of psammoma bodies, presence of necrosis, and/or ≥4 mitoses per 10 high power fields.
Paid and Unpaid Labour in Non‐Profit Organizations: Does the Substitution Effect Exist?
Authors: Bittschi Benjamin , Pennerstorfer Astrid , Schneider Ulrike 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn non‐profit organizations (NPOs), volunteers often work alongside paid workers. Such a co‐production setting can lead to tension between the two worker groups. This article examines for the first time if and how volunteers influence the separation of paid employees, and thus it contributes to the debate over whether volunteers can substitute paid workers. Using Austrian data at the organizational level, we find a significant impact of volunteers on the separations of paid workers in NPOs facing increased competition. These findings support the assumption that a partial substitution effect exists between paid workers and volunteers.
Pattern of contact sensitization in patients with and without atopic dermatitis in a hospital‐based clinical database
Authors: Clemmensen Kim Katrine Bjerring , Thomsen Simon Francis , Jemec Gregor Borut Ernst , Agner Tove 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackgroundBoth atopic dermatitis and contact sensitization are common conditions; however, a definite understanding of the relationship between contact sensitization and atopic dermatitis has not been reached.ObjectivesIn this descriptive study, we investigated the differences between positive patch test reactions in patients with and without atopic dermatitis in a patch test cohort, and explored the influence of disease severity.Patients/materials/methodsPatch test results, information on atopic dermatitis and demographic variables were taken from a database, including all patients patch tested at Bispebjerg and Roskilde Hospitals from January 2009 to January 2013. Severe atopic dermatitis was defined as systemic therapy or hospitalization resulting from atopic dermatitis. All other patients with atopic dermatitis were defined as having mild/moderate disease.ResultsThe study included 2221 patients: 293 patients with atopic dermatitis and 1928 without. Forty‐one per cent of patients with and 46.2% of patients without atopic dermatitis had at least one positive patch test reaction (p = 0.092). More patients with severe atopic dermatitis than patients with non‐severe atopic dermatitis had multiple positive patch test reactions (19.4% versus 10.0%, p = 0.046).ConclusionsOverall, we found similar frequencies of positive patch test reactions in patients with and without atopic dermatitis. However, a higher frequency of multiple sensitizations was found in patients with severe atopic dermatitis.
Attraction of the invasive social wasp, Vespula vulgaris, by volatiles from fermented brown sugar
Authors: Brown Robert L. , El‐Sayed Ashraf M. , Unelius C. Rikard , Suckling David M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe introduction of invasive social wasp species of the genus Vespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) to New Zealand has caused a major ecological problem, particularly in the beech forests (Nothofagus spp.) of the South Island, where they have destabilized the native bird and invertebrate biodiversity. New attractants are under investigation as part of a search for pest management solutions. Fermenting brown sugar has been previously reported as a social wasp attractant. This work was undertaken to identify compounds from fermented brown sugar attractive to social wasps. Raw fermented brown sugar was confirmed to be attractive in a field trial and 10 chemical compounds present in the headspace were positively identified by coupled gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and synthetic references. During electroantennogram experiments, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, 3‐methylbutyl acetate, and ethyl hexanoate elicited high electrophysiological responses from Vespula vulgaris (L.) antennae. These compounds mediated attraction of V. vulgaris wasps in forest margins by trapping. A blend of these compounds could be used as a lure in a monitoring tool, or even a local suppression method if combined with a toxin.
The use of computed tomography to diagnose bilateral forelimb tendon pathology in a horse with unilateral lameness
Authors: Hunter B. G. , Huber M. J. , Nemanic S. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryA horse with unilateral forefoot lameness had bilateral deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) lesions on computed tomography (CT). Venous contrast enhanced CT revealed distal sesamoidean impar desmitis in the lame forelimb. Computed tomography is useful for diagnosis of soft tissue lesions within the hoof capsule and contrast enhancement improves lesion conspicuity.
Hindlimb lameness caused by systemic lymphosarcoma in a Warmblood mare
Authors: Moser D. K. , Jann H. W. , Confer A. W. , Bahr R. J. , Kuzma C. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryEquine lymphosarcoma is rare but has been reported in mediastinal lymph nodes, cutaneous nodules, the gastrointestinal system and peripheral lymph nodes. This report describes the clinical presentation of lymphosarcoma characterised by weight shifting, reluctance to ambulate or peripheral oedema. This case is extremely atypical in clinical presentation and justifies the need for consideration of lymphosarcoma when formulating a differential diagnosis of lameness with atypical presentation.
Hepatitis C virus NS3 mutations in haemophiliacs
Authors: Lin M. V. , Charlton A. N. , Rouster S. D. , Zamor P. J. , Sherman K. E. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryHaemophiliacs have high hepatitis C virus (HCV) exposure risk from blood products that did not undergo heat inactivation or disease‐specific screening prior to 1987. Repeated exposure to infected factor concentrates predisposes haemophiliacs to higher likelihood of HCV from multiple sources. HIV coinfection could result in impaired clearance of less fit variants resulting in enrichment of quasispecies carrying resistance mutations. We postulated that haemophiliacs demonstrate increased prevalence of baseline signature mutations in the HCV NS3/4 serine protease coding domain. We examined the prevalence of putative HCV protease inhibitor mutations, mutations, subclassified into dominant mutations if changes conferred resistance, and minor variants not associated with drug resistance, in patients with haemophilia A or B, infected with HCV or HCV/HIV, prior to HCV PI exposure. A total of 151 subjects were evaluated, including 22 haemophiliacs and 129 non‐haemophilic controls. Of the 58 mutations detected, 55 (95%) were resistance mutations and three (5%) were minor variants. Dominant mutations were detected in 10 (45.5%) haemophiliacs and in 43 (33.3%) controls (OR 1.67, 95% CI 0.67–4.16). There was no statistical difference in proportion of dominant mutations (P = 0.27) or minor variants (P = 0.47) between groups, despite adjustment for HIV status (P = 0.44). No significant differences in dominant or minor resistance mutations between haemophiliacs and non‐haemophiliacs were observed. HIV presence or prior HAART exposure did not affect baseline distribution. We conclude that haemophiliacs are not at higher risk for pre‐existing HCV PI mutations, and prospective studies of response to PI‐based regimens with HCV activity are indicated.
Meritocratic Epistemic Communities: An Alternative Policy Paradigm for Higher Education
Authors: Choi Seungchan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper attempts to propose an alternative policy frame for higher education policy by demonstrating the inadequacy of the market approach adopted by the 2011 English higher education policy in addressing the economic and social agenda, and by reframing higher education as a mechanism that selects and distributes talents to vocational sectors in a way that achieves socially optimal outcomes. The paper shows why government control is more appropriate than market mechanism in managing higher education cost, how effective screening and distribution of talents can be achieved through deliberation among epistemic community members and how the alternative policy frame supports a social justice agenda. The idea of a meritocratic epistemic community for screening and educating talents is central to this new frame as it facilitates the creation of a common space where competing stakeholders of one vocational sector gather together to deliberate on the merits of the future workforce.
Grasping convergent evolution in syngnathids: a unique tale of tails
Authors: Neutens C. , Adriaens D. , Christiaens J. , De Kegel B. , Dierick M. , Boistel R. , Van Hoorebeke L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSeahorses and pipehorses both possess a prehensile tail, a unique characteristic among teleost fishes, allowing them to grasp and hold onto substrates such as sea grasses. Although studies have focused on tail grasping, the pattern of evolutionary transformations that made this possible is poorly understood. Recent phylogenetic studies show that the prehensile tail evolved independently in different syngnathid lineages, including seahorses, Haliichthys taeniophorus and several types of so‐called pipehorses. This study explores the pattern that characterizes this convergent evolution towards a prehensile tail, by comparing the caudal musculoskeletal organization, as well as passive bending capacities in pipefish (representing the ancestral state), pipehorse, seahorse and H. taeniophorus. To study the complex musculoskeletal morphology, histological sectioning, μCT‐scanning and phase contrast synchrotron scanning were combined with virtual 3D‐reconstructions. Results suggest that the independent evolution towards tail grasping in syngnathids reflects at least two quite different strategies in which the ancestral condition of a heavy plated and rigid system became modified into a highly flexible one. Intermediate skeletal morphologies (between the ancestral condition and seahorses) could be found in the pygmy pipehorses and H. taeniophorus, which are phylogenetically closely affiliated with seahorses. This study suggests that the characteristic parallel myoseptal organization as already described in seahorse (compared with a conical organization in pipefish and pipehorse) may not be a necessity for grasping, but represents an apomorphy for seahorses, as this pattern is not found in other syngnathid species possessing a prehensile tail. One could suggest that the functionality of grasping evolved before the specialized, parallel myoseptal organization seen in seahorses. However, as the grasping system in pipehorses is a totally different one, this cannot be concluded from this study.
Perceived caring needs in patient–partner dyads affected by heart failure: A qualitative study
Authors: Liljeroos Maria , Ågren Susanna , Jaarsma Tiny , Strömberg Anna 
Published: April 2014

Aims and objectivesTo explore the perceived caring needs in patient–partner dyads affected by heart failure to develop an understanding of potential areas of support.BackgroundBeing affected by heart failure has a great impact on both the patient and the partner but until now contemporary care has remained patient focused.DesignA qualitative study design was used.MethodsEight focus group interviews were performed, which included nineteen patients diagnosed with heart failure and their cohabiting partner. Patients were aged between 55–89 years and partners' ages ranged from 48–87 years. Data were analysed using qualitative content analyses.ResultsThe dyads perceived that caring needs could be summarised in two themes ‘Dyads perceive a need for continuous guidance through the different phases of the illness trajectory’ and ‘Dyads perceive a need to share burden and support with each other and others’. The dyads described a need to learn more about heart failure to be able to manage everyday life. Regular outpatient clinic visits and access to telephone support were vital, and having someone who cared about the well‐being of the partners was perceived as comforting. Both the patient and the partner need to be present at the clinic visits. Receiving the same information and being able to ask questions reduce insecurity. Meeting others in the same situation and sharing the burden in group sessions were proposed as an opportunity to support each other and others.ConclusionsThere is a need to improve education and support for patient–partner dyads affected by heart failure.Relevance to clinical practiceThe result shows the importance to provide continuous healthcare contacts throughout the illness trajectory. Furthermore, partners should be included at follow‐up, and support groups should be organised so that dyads can meet and support each other.
Nurses' perceived and actual caregiving roles: identifying factors that can contribute to job satisfaction
Authors: Morrison Kelsey B , Korol Susan A 
Published: April 2014

Aims and objectivesTo compare nurses' caring expectations with their caregiving experiences and to identify factors that could potentially be included in a preliminary conceptual model of job satisfaction and compassion fatigue.BackgroundNurses often report emotional reward and satisfaction in their profession from compassionately caring for sick and injured patients. However, being in close proximity to trauma can eventually deplete a nurse's compassion and empathy for the patients they care for. This loss of compassion is further exacerbated by demanding work environments that involve administrative duties, attending to patients' psychosocial needs and interacting with patients' families. To date, the literature has tended to focus on pathology of compassion fatigue, rather than identifying its contributing factors.DesignA grounded theory approach was used to identify emerging themes in nurses' accounts of their caregiving roles.MethodsOpen‐ended interviews were conducted with nurses (n = 9) who were employed by a maritime district health authority for a minimum of five years. Interviews focused on beliefs of how to provide care, perceived caregiving responsibilities and perceived challenges in the provision of care.ResultsEmerging from the data is a proposed model of job satisfaction. The concepts of monitoring and patient advocacy appeared to be key components in reported satisfaction or alienation. Discrepancies were found between care expectations outlined by management and nurses' perceptions of care provision. Additionally, type of nursing education was related to nurses' confidence in applying nursing skills.ConclusionsThese findings have implications for training programmes, hospital management and quality of patient care.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is important to identify factors that could explain resilience to compassion fatigue because compassion fatigue has negative consequences not only for nurses themselves but for the patients in their care.
The Epistemic Regress Problem, the Problem of the Criterion, and the Value of Reasons
Authors: Cling Andrew D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThere are important similarities between the epistemic regress problem and the problem of the criterion. Each turns on plausible principles stating that epistemic reasons must be supported by epistemic reasons but that having reasons is impossible if that requires having endless regresses of reasons. These principles are incompatible with the possibility of reasons, so each problem is a paradox. Whether there can be an antiskeptical solution to these paradoxes depends upon the kinds of reasons that we need in order to attain our epistemic goals. This article explains the problems and considers the ways in which two different conceptions of human flourishing support the value of different kinds of reasons. One conception requires reasons that allow an easy solution to these paradoxes. The other—rational autonomy—requires reasons that depend upon endless regresses. So we cannot have the kinds of fully transparent reasons required for rational autonomy.
On Peter Klein's Concept of Arbitrariness
Authors: Engelsma Coos 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAccording to Peter Klein, foundationalism fails because it allows a vicious form of arbitrariness. The present article critically discusses his concept of arbitrariness. It argues that the condition Klein takes to be necessary and sufficient for an epistemic item to be arbitrary is neither necessary nor sufficient. It also argues that Klein's concept of arbitrariness is not a concept of something that is obviously vicious. Even if Klein succeeds in establishing that foundationalism allows what he regards as arbitrariness, this does not yet mean that he confronts it with a sound objection.