bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency Limitations of Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells Due to Defect Clusters
Authors: Sopori Bhushan , Li Chuan , Narayanan S. , Carlson D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMulticrystalline Si wafers used in commercial solar cell fabrication exhibit a tendency to form large “clusters” of defects, which remain laterally separated from each other. Defect clusters are also sites of impurity precipitation. Because precipitated impurities cannot be gettered by the conventional processes used in Si solar cell fabrication, defect clusters constitute low-performing regions in the cell. They shunt the device and constitute the primary efficiency limiting mechanism in current solar cells. We show that the efficiency loss caused by defect clusters can exceed 3–4 absolute points.
Long-Term Nephrotoxicity in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Dekkers Ilona A. , Blijdorp Karin , Cransberg Karlien , Pluijm Saskia M. , Pieters Rob , Neggers Sebastian J. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Because little is known about long-term treatment-related nephrotoxicity, the aim was to determine risk factors for renal impairment long after childhood cancer treatment.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Data from 763 adult childhood cancer survivors (414 men) were obtained during regular visits at the late-effects clinic between 2003 and 2009. Median follow-up time was 18.3 years (range=5.0–58.2). Glomerular function was assessed by estimated GFR (using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula), urinary albumin creatinine ratio, and tubular function by urinary β
2-microglobulin creatinine ratio. The association with treatment factors was analyzed with covariance analysis for estimated GFR and logistic regression for urinary albumin and urinary β
2-microglobulin creatinine ratios.

Results
Survivors treated with nephrectomy and abdominal irradiation had significantly lower estimated GFR than survivors not treated with nephrectomy/abdominal irradiation (estimated mean=90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 versus 106, P<0.001). Estimated GFR was significantly lower in survivors after treatment with high-dose ifosfamide (88 versus 98, P=0.02) and high-dose cisplatin (83 versus 101, P=0.004) compared with survivors not treated with these regimen. Nephrectomy combined with abdominal radiotherapy (odds ratio=3.14, 95% confidence interval=1.02; 9.69) and high-dose cisplatin (odds ratio=5.19, 95% confidence interval=1.21; 22.21) was associated with albuminuria. High-dose ifosfamide (odds ratio=6.19, 95% confidence interval=2.45; 15.67) was associated with increased urinary β
2-microglobulin creatinine ratio. Hypertension was present in 23.4% of survivors and 31.4% of renal tumor survivors.

Conclusions
Treatment with unilateral nephrectomy, abdominal radiotherapy, cisplatin, and ifosfamide was associated with lower estimated GFR. Persisting tubular damage was related to ifosfamide treatment.
Current Trends in Recycling of Photovoltaic Solar Cells and Modules Waste / Recykling Zużytych Ogniw I Modułów Fotowoltaicznych - Stan Obecny
Authors: Klugmann-Radziemska Ewa 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In comparison to other energy producing techniques, photovoltaics (PV) is one of the most promising options: no emission of any matter into the environment during operation; extremely long operation period (estimated average: 25 years), minimum maintenance, robust technique, aesthetic aspects. The use of photovoltaics is rapidly increasing, and the respective market is developing accordingly. Although PV manufacturing equipment is now excluded from the scope of RoHS, according to the Kyoto Protocol and the EU Directives WEEE and RoHS the use of hazardous substances in electric/electronic devices has to be reduced stepwise to approximately zero level. Furthermore, a total recycling of nearly all materials involved is aimed. Thus, major attention is directed to avoidance of environmental pollution through combustion or landfill, to regain valuable material, to promote the development and use of renewable energy sources. As the lifetime of PV cells themselves is much longer than that of PV modules and the manufacturing process of cells requires much energy consumption, the reuse of base material of the cells is economically justified. The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate existing methods of PV cells and modules recycling. The article discusses the main outcomes and analyses the significance of recycling in relation to the environmental profile of the production and total life cycle of photovoltaic cells and modules
Aspects of Ethnicity, Class and Religion in Case of Slovak Immigrant Communities in the UK
Authors: Rozenfeld Julius 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Since 2004 several tens of thousands of Slovaks arrived in the United Kingdom. A number of Slovak communities have emerged that bear the characteristic marks of diasporas. This paper displays an analysis of these immigrant groups based on online surveys and interviews. Questions of integration versus assimilation are discussed in the light of class, religious affiliation and ethnic identity.
Thermal consolidation of porous medium with a rheological kelvin–voigt skeleton
Authors: Bartlewska-Urban Monika , Strzelecki Tomasz 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study presents calculations results of thermal consolidation process of the porous medium with the rheological Kelvin-Voigt skeleton, obtained numerically with the use of Flex.PDE software. The investigated calculation scheme consisted of the porous column filled with a liquid. The vertical load was applied to the top surface of the column through a porous plate allowing the free flow of liquid through this surface. Numerical solution is based on compression of the sample at appropriately defined boundary conditions. The aim of this study was to describe the influence of external load and temperature gradient on the deformation tests progress at different values of three parameters: λ,rsandcv. The results obtained, in the context of further research, can also be used for the determination of the influence of other parameters of the state and model parameters on the process of thermo poroelasticity of Biot model with rheological skeleton.
Catalytic hydrogenation in the process of 2-((1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl) methyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one hydrochloride synthesis I. Catalyst screening and finding the optimal reaction conditions
Authors: Samardzic Zrinka Mastelic , Zrncevic Stanka 
Published: February 2013

1
Catalytic hydrogenation of 2-((1-benzyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylene)-5,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydroinden- 1-one hydrochloride () to 2-((1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydroinden- 1-one hydrochloride (2) was investigated in the batch-slurry reactor. The 5% Pt/C catalyst was chosen to search the optimal reaction conditions because of its higher catalytic activity compared to other catalysts used in the work. To investigate the catalyst activity, selectivity and stability, the effect of agitation speed, catalyst loading, solvent, temperature, hydrogen pressure and catalyst reuse were studied.
The initial rate of hydrogenation increases with the increase of catalyst loading, with the temperature and solvent polarity, if alcohols were used as solvents. The hydrogenation rate decreases with higher hydrogen pressure and that was explained by competitive adsorption of both reactants.
The results also indicate that 5% Pt/C is a promising catalyst for 1 hydrogenation because at relatively mild reaction conditions selectivity towards main product was high (98%) and catalyst maintains its activity during successive runs.
Surface active agent production from olive oil in high salt conditions and its process optimization
Authors: Taran Mojtaba , Mohamadian Elham , Asadi Sahand , Bakhtiyari Salar 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Microbial surfactants or biosurfactants are surface active amphiphilic macromolecules that are produced by a number of microorganisms (bacteria, yeast and fungi). These compounds have extensive application in various industries especially in food, pharmaceutical and oil industry. The aim of this paper is to optimize the culture conditions for the biosurfactant production from olive oil by a novel halophilic isolate microorganism. The Taguchi experimental design methodology based analysis of olive oil as carbon source, yeast extract as nitrogen source and KH2PO4 as phosphorus source revealed that the olive oil and yeast extract significantly affect biosurfactant production in high salt conditions. Maximum biosurfactant (E24= 40%) produced in the presence of 4% (v/v) olive oil, 0.2% (w/v) yeast extract, and 0.002% (w/v) KH2PO4 . In conclusion, halophilic archaeon Haloarcula sp. IRU1 could be a potential microorganism for the production of biosurfactant from olive oil as carbon source in high salt conditions. The optimal parameters obtained during the optimization process were: olive oil 4%, yeast extract 0.4% and KH2PO4 0.004%.
Artificial neural network to predict the natural convection from vertical and inclined arrays of horizontal cylinders
Authors: Amiri Amin , Karami Alimohammad , Yousefi Tooraj , Zanjani Mohammad 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The main focus of the present study is to utilize the artificial neural network (ANN) in predicting the natural convection from horizontal isothermal cylinders arranged in vertical and inclined arrays. The effects of the vertical separation spacing to the cylinder diameter ratio (Py/d), horizontal separation spacing to the cylinder diameter ratio (Px/d) and Rayleigh number (Ra) variation on the average heat transfer from the arrays are considered via this prediction. The training data for optimizing the ANN structure is based on available experimental data. The Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation algorithm is used for ANN training. The proposed ANN is developed using MATLAB functions. For the best ANN structure obtained in this investigation, the mean relative errors of 0.027% and 0.482% were reached for the training and test data, respectively. The results show that the predicted values are very close to the experimental ones.
The effect of important parameters on the natural gas vehicles driving range
Authors: Farzaneh-Gord Mahmood , Rahbari Hamid Reza , Nikofard Hossin 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
One of the most important issues regarding Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs) is the Driving Range, which is defined as capability of a NGV to travel a certain distance after each refueling. The Driving Range is a serious obstacle in the development and growth of NGVs. Thus the necessity of studying the effects of various parameters on the Driving Range could be realized. It is found that the on-board storage capacity and the natural gas heating value have the greatest effect on the Driving Range. The charged mass of NGV cylinders is varied due to the natural gas composition and the final in-cylinder values (temperature and pressure). Underfilling of NGV cylinders, during charging operations, is a result of the elevated temperature which occurs in the NGV storage cylinder, due to compression and other processes could be overcome by applying extensive over-pressurization of the cylinder during the fuelling operation. Here, the effects of the most important parameters on the Driving Range have been investigated. The parameters are natural gas composition, engine efficiency and final NGV on-board in-cylinder temperature and pressure. It is found that, the composition has big effects on the Driving Range. The results also show that as final in-cylinder pressure decreases (or temperature increases), the Driving Range will be increased.
Adsorption of humic acid on mesoporous carbons prepared from poly- (ethylene terephthalate) templated with magnesium compounds
Authors: Karolczyk Justyna , Mozia Sylwia , Morawski Antoni W. , Przepiórski Jacek 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Porous carbons obtained from poly(ethylene terephtalate) contained in a mixture with either MgCO3 or Mg(OH)2 were examined as adsorbents for removal of humic acid from water. Adsorption of the model contaminants is discussed in relation to the textural parameters of the obtained carbon materials. Pore structure parameters of the carbonaceous materials were strongly influenced by preparation conditions including temperature and relative amounts of the inorganics used during preparations as template. Porous carbons prepared revealed a potential to purify water from the model contaminant of high molecular weight. The results presented confirmed a key role of mesoporosity in the adsorption of humic acid. Fluorescence spectroscopy was confirmed to be an useful method to evaluate concentration of humic acid in water.
The Parasite Fauna of the Gobiid Fish (Actinopterygii, Gobiidae) in the Sukhyi Lyman, Black Sea
Authors: Krasnovyd V. , Kvach Yu. , Drobiniak O. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The parasite fauna of gobiid fish of the Sukhyi Lyman, Black Sea, is described. Seventeen species of parasites are registered in the gobiids in the water body. The marine tubenose goby Proterorhinus marmoratus has the richest parasite fauna (12 species), the grass goby Zosterisessor ophiocephalus has the fewest number of parasite species (5 species). The microsporidian Loma sp. and ciliate Trichodina domerguei are recorded for the first time for gobiids in the north-western Black Sea. The core of the parasite fauna is formed by metacercariae Cryptocotyle spp. The core, secondary, satellite, and rare species in the parasite community of each host are described. Not only marine and brackish water parasites, but also limnetic species, namely metacercariae D. spathaceum, were registered in the Sukhyi Lyman that differentiates it from the many of localities in the north-western Black Sea.
Combustion Engine Powered by a Mixture of Natural Gas and Hydrogen
Authors: Chríbik Andrej , Polóni Marián , Lach Ján 
Published: February 2013

Shrnutí
Predkladaný článok sa zaoberá vplyvom primiešavania vodíka do zemného plynu (H2NG - 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30% obj. H2) na výkonové, ekonomické a emisné parametre spaľovacieho motora Lombardini LGW 702. Experimentálne merania boli vykonané pri rôznom zložení zmesi a v širokom rozsahu otáčok. Z nameraných dát sa určila optimalizačná mapa uhla predstihu zapaľovania od podielu vodíka v zmesi za účelom dosiahnutia maximálneho točivého momentu. V ďalšej časti je popísaná analýza tlakov v spaľovacom priestore, ktorá nám poskytuje dôležité údaje o dosiahnutom maximálnom tlaku, rýchlosti nárastu tlaku, charakteru spaľovacieho procesu a množstve ďalších údajov charakterizujúcich danú zmes (H2NG). V poslednej časti je ukázaný vplyv prímesi vodíka na charakter zloženia výfukových plynov (CO, CO2, O2, NOX).
The 2009 Match-fixing Incident in Taiwan’s Professional Baseball League
Authors: Wang Wensheng , Lo Renfu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) was the first professional sports league ever created in Taiwan, but has been plagued by a series of match-fixing scandals starting from 1996. However, the 2009 scandal happened to the most popular club, Brother Elephants. The corrupt “Windshield Wiper” ring was the mastermind behind whole affair. Twenty-six former and active players and coaches were involved that put the games’ ethics and integrity in jeopardy. In particular, star players such as Cao Jinhui and Chen Zhiyuan were banished from baseball forever, which certainly shocked the public. Accordingly, the CPBL was again on the verge of disbandment. Facing such a crisis, fans organized a street protest and spontaneously demanded that the government take actions against such an adverse environment. Subsequently, the authorities stipulated several plans in order to revive the “national sport” people used to love.
Deformation Characteristics of Shot Concrete Lining and Steel Lattice Beams
Authors: Vojtasík Karel , Hrubešová Eva , Mohyla Marek 
Published: February 2013

Deformation Characteristics of Shot Concrete Lining and Steel Lattice Beams
Steel-concrete tunnel lining is the only type of stabilizing structure statically active in phase of its construction, i.e. immediately after execution of excavating. This fact predestinates it for stabilization of excavation in interaction with solid rock mass. Deformation characteristic of the shot concrete lining is determined by variable stiffness of the lining cross-section during the construction and shortly after its completion, and it is subjected to the advancement upon construction of the lining. Variable stiffness of the lining structure enables controlled release of stress state of the solid rock mass after execution of excavation. The present contribution analyzes activity of the shot concrete tunnel lining and steel lattice beams. Deformation characteristics are determined based on mutual interaction of the lining and solid rock mass during individual constructional stages of the lining determined by geometrical parameters of the lining cross-section and state of individual shot concrete layers hardening.
Application of sensitivity and uncertainty analyses in the calculation of the heat transfer coefficient of a window
Authors: Hrebík Pavol 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe type of analysis we choose to use depends on exactly what we intend to explore. TheMonte Carlo (MCA) method, which can be applied to a sensitivity analysis (SA) and anuncertainty analysis (UA), is based on the random selection of a random variablegenerated by all the input parameters X. This paper discusses a realistic model ofa window and is focused on the uncertainties of the input and a sensitivity analysis of theoutput parameters - a window is a heat transfer coefficient. A case study is described toevaluate the necessity of the use of uncertainty and sensitivity analyses.
Local Equivalent Water Thickness Determination as a Source of Data for Flood Phenomenon Observation
Authors: Biryło Monika , Nastula Jolanta 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn the paper a flood phenomenon is analyzed. For this purpose data from GRACE satellites (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) was used. Filtered data presented in a form of millimeters of Equivalent Water Thickness (EWT) was interpolated in places where flood in 2010 had happened (south of Poland). On a basis of graph where time series of EWT were presented, some conclusions were made. For the thesis confirmation meteorological WGHM and hydrological NOAA models were added to the GRACE model.
Prison drug treatment in Denmark: A historical outline and an analysis of the political debate
Authors: Kolind Torsten , Frank Vibeke Asmussen , Dahl Helle Vibeke , Haller Mie Birk 
Published: February 2013

Aims The article outlines the historical development of prison drug treatment (PDT) in Denmark in order to understand the present situation where PDT is viewed as a natural benign practice. We also identify the different rationales within the political debate on PDT since its rapid expansion in 2000. Data Historical and policy documents, grey literature, interviews with key informants in the field. Results Four historical periods are identified, from a period when drug treatment was unwelcome in prisons to a re-emergence of the rehabilitation ideal over the last 15 years, when PDT appears unquestioned and its popularity has exploded. Five dissimilar and at times conflicting rationales have been present in the political debate legitimising this policy shift. Conclusion Part of the popularity of PDT stems from the fact that it has been used in political debates in order to justify a range of different and even conflicting objectives. With changing penal discourse, PDT may again become unwanted in prison settings.
Sustained Opposite Relationships Between Anabolic Hormones in Preweaning Triplet Lambs Born to Obese Mothers
Authors: Kosior-Korzecka Urszula , Patkowski Krzysztof , Bobowiec Ryszard , Wójcik Marta , Tusińska Elżbieta 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyse the effects of maternal obesity and the litter size on the growth rate and plasma concentrations of GH, IGF-1, insulin, and glucose in ewe lambs during the first 6 weeks of their postnatal life. Seventy-six SCP sheep: 35 ewes and 41 female offspring were used. Before gestation, the ewes were divided into two groups: N - normally weighing and O - obese sheep. After the parturition, the lambing rate and the birth type were estimated. The born female lambs were separated into five groups: IN - singleton and IIN - twin offspring of normally weighing mothers; IO - singleton, IIO - twin and IIIO - triplet offspring of obese mothers. They were weighed at birth and weekly thereafter, until the completion of the 6th week of their postnatal life. Afterward, daily weight gains and concentrations of biochemical parameters were analysed. No significant differences in GH, IGF-1, insulin, and glucose levels between the groups of lambs born to non-obese and obese sheep, both carrying singletons and twins, were found. In contrast, significantly increased concentrations of GH (P≤0.001), insulin (P≤0.001), and glucose (P≤0.05) and markedly dropped level of IGF-1 (P≤0.001), as well as reduced daily body mass gains in triplets in comparison to other groups of lambs were observed. Maternal obesity caused significant lambing rate’s accretion with the rise in triplets’ frequency. However, in ewe lambs of this birth type, the disrupted relationships between plasma levels of GH, IGF-1 and growth rate, and between plasma levels of insulin and glucose were found.
Modified Method of Hypoderma Bovis Proteins Transfer Obtained from Gel by Native Electrophoresis onto Nitrocellulose Membrane
Authors: Cencek Tomasz , Karamon Jacek , Sroka Jacek , Zdybel Jolanta 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article presents the essential stages leading to development of a modified method for Hypoderma bovis protein transfer, and estimation of the usefulness of semi-quantitative densitometric analysis of western-blottig results. The principal of the method was to incubate the gel obtained with the native electrophoresis method in buffer containing SDS prior to transfer of the separated proteins of L1 H. bovis onto nitrocellulose membrane. In two experiments, the authors estimated the efficacy of the new method and the possibility of using this method for semi-quantitative densitometric investigations.
Control of Residues of Five Macrocyclic Lactones in Cow Milk By Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Szprengier-Juszkiewicz Teresa , Jedziniak Piotr , Olejnik Małgorzata , Żmudzki Jan 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A sensitive and reliable method has been developed and validated to determine residues of abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin in bovine milk. Isolation of the analytes from milk was performed with the use of liquidliquid extraction with acetonitrile in the presence of sodium chloride. The extract was defatted with hexane and cleaned up using solid phase extraction (C8 cartridge) after forming ion pairs with triethylamine. The analytes were derivatized with N, Ndimethylformamide, acetic acid anhydride, and N-methylimidazole (100°C, 90 min). The derivatives were determined by reverse phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (excitation and emission wavelength 365 nm and 475 nm, respectively). Recoveries of the lactones from milk samples fortified at 10-30 μg kg-1 ranged from 52% to 80% with intra-laboratory reproducibility (CV) of 12.7%-22.8%. The critical concentrations (decision limit, CCα and detection capability, CCβ) were in accordance with target limits. The method has been verified in the proficiency studies by EURL/CVL Berlin (all z-scores in the range of ±2). The method was transferred to routine laboratories, verified in inter-laboratory comparison and successfully applied in the National Residue Control Plan.