bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodistribution and dosimetry of 195mPt-cisplatin in normal volunteers
Authors: Wagener J. , Smith S. V. , Soni N. , Marjanovic-Painter B. , Zinn C. , Van de Wiele C. , D’Asseler Y. , Perkins G. , Zeevaart J. R. , Sathekge M. 
Published: October 2013

Summary195mPt-cisplatin is regarded as a promising imaging agent for optimizing dosage in patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy. Methods: We investigated the whole-body distribution and radiation dosimetry of 195mPt-cisplatin in humans. Whole-body scans were obtained up to 144 h after intravenous injection of 112.4 MBq 195mPt-cisplatin in each of five subjects. Blood samples were taken at various times up to 144 h after injection. Urine was collected up to 114 h after injection for calculation of renal clearance and whole-body clearance. Time/activity curves were generated by fitting the organ-specific geometric mean counts, obtained from regions of interest, on the respective images as a function of the time after injection. OLINDA software package was applied to calculate the absorbed radiation dose for various organs. Results: Most of the activity (32 ± 4%) was excreted in the urine during the first 5 h. The effective clearance half-life derived from extrapolation of the whole-body curve was 40 hours (1.7 days). On average, the highest dose was received by the kidneys (mean dose received 2.68 ± 1.5 mGy/MBq), followed by the spleen (mean dose received 1.6 ± 0.8 mGy/MBq) followed by the liver (mean dose received 1.45 ± 0.38 mGy/MBq). The estimated mean effective dose for the adult subject was 0.185 ± 0.034 mSv/MBq. Conclusion: 195mPt-cisplatin proved a safe radiopharmaceutical with a favourable bio distribution for early and delayed imaging of pathology above the diaphragm. The ED obtained was 0.185 ± 0.034 mSv/MBq. The highest organ dose was received by the kidneys (2.68 ± 1.5 mGy/ MBq).
L'enseignement en Communauté flamande (1988-2013)
Authors: Fannes Pieter , Vranckx Bart , Simon Frank , Depaepe Marc 
Published: October 2013

La communautarisation de l’enseignement a été opérée en 1988. Depuis lors, les Communautés française et flamande mènent des politiques sensiblement différentes en matière d’éducation et de formation. Côté francophone, les structures anciennes ont été globalement conservées. Côté néerlandophone en revanche, deux ruptures fondamentales ont été opérées d’emblée : la Communauté a mis fin à l’expérience de l’enseignement secondaire rénové et elle a transféré son rôle de pouvoir organisateur à un organe autonome. Adopté le 4 juin 2013, un masterplan relatif à l’enseignement secondaire flamand est appelé à creuser davantage encore l’écart entre les deux systèmes, par l’abandon de la traditionnelle différenciation entre filières générale, technique, professionnelle et artistique. Spécialement destiné au public francophone, le présent Courrier hebdomadaire dresse un état des lieux de l’enseignement flamand. Il présente son organisation : structures, acteurs et mécanismes de financement. Il retrace les principaux changements intervenus dans le paysage scolaire et universitaire flamand depuis 25 ans. Il analyse les grandes lignes des politiques éducatives flamandes : démocratisation, égalité des chances, contrôle de la qualité, rationalisation, internationalisation. Il s’intéresse aussi à trois dossiers faisant actuellement l’objet de vifs débats : l’enseignement néerlandophone à Bruxelles, le port du voile et la féminisation du personnel enseignant. Divers tableaux statistiques consacrés à la population scolaire enrichissent l’exposé.
Structure-Based Design of Altered MHC Class II–Restricted Peptide Ligands with Heterogeneous Immunogenicity
Authors: Chen Shuming , Li Yili , Depontieu Florence R. , McMiller Tracee L. , English A. Michelle , Shabanowitz Jeffrey , Kos Ferdynand , Sidney John , Sette Alessandro , Rosenberg Steven A. , Hunt Donald F. , Mariuzza Roy A. , Topalian Suzanne L. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Insights gained from characterizing MHC–peptide–TCR interactions have held the promise that directed structural modifications can have predictable functional consequences. The ability to manipulate T cell reactivity synthetically or through genetic engineering might thus be translated into new therapies for common diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. In the current study, we determined the crystal structure of HLA-DR4 in complex with the nonmutated dominant gp100 epitope gp10044–59, associated with many melanomas. Altered peptide ligands (APLs) were designed to enhance MHC binding and hence T cell recognition of gp100 in HLA-DR4+ melanoma patients. Increased MHC binding of several APLs was observed, validating this approach biochemically. Nevertheless, heterogeneous preferences of CD4+ T cells from several HLA-DR4+ melanoma patients for different gp100 APLs suggested highly variable TCR usage, even among six patients who had been vaccinated against the wild-type gp100 peptide. This heterogeneity prevented the selection of an APL candidate for developing an improved generic gp100 vaccine in melanoma. Our results are consistent with the idea that even conservative changes in MHC anchor residues may result in subtle, yet crucial, effects on peptide contacts with the TCR or on peptide dynamics, such that alterations intended to enhance immunogenicity may be unpredictable or counterproductive. They also underscore a critical knowledge gap that needs to be filled before structural and in vitro observations can be used reliably to devise new immunotherapies for cancer and other disorders.
Antigen Modulation Confers Protection to Red Blood Cells from Antibody through Fcγ Receptor Ligation
Authors: Stowell Sean R. , Liepkalns Justine S. , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Girard-Pierce Kathryn R. , Smith Nicole H. , Arthur C. Maridith , Zimring James C. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Autoantibodies and alloantibodies can damage self-tissue or transplanted tissues through either fixation of complement or ligation of FcγRs. Several pathways have been described that imbue self-tissues with resistance to damage from complement fixation, as a protective measure against damage from these Abs. However, it has been unclear whether parallel pathways exist to provide protection from FcγR ligation by bound Abs. In this article, we describe a novel pathway by which cell surface Ag is specifically decreased as a result of Ab binding (Ag modulation) to the extent of conferring protection to recognized cells from Fcγ-dependent clearance. Moreover, the Ag modulation in this system requires FcγR ligation. Together, these findings provide unique evidence of self-protective pathways for FcγR-mediated Ab damage.
MAIT Recognition of a Stimulatory Bacterial Antigen Bound to MR1
Authors: López-Sagaseta Jacinto , Dulberger Charles L. , McFedries Amanda , Cushman Mark , Saghatelian Alan , Adams Erin J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
MR1-restricted mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells represent a subpopulation of αβ T cells with innate-like properties and limited TCR diversity. MAIT cells are of interest because of their reactivity against bacterial and yeast species, suggesting that they play a role in defense against pathogenic microbes. Despite the advances in understanding MAIT cell biology, the molecular and structural basis behind their ability to detect MR1–Ag complexes is unclear. In this study, we present our structural and biochemical characterization of MAIT TCR engagement of MR1 presenting an Escherichia coli–derived stimulatory ligand, rRL-6-CH2OH, previously found in Salmonella typhimurium. We show a clear enhancement of MAIT TCR binding to MR1 due to the presentation of this ligand. Our structure of a MAIT TCR/MR1/rRL-6-CH2OH complex shows an evolutionarily conserved binding orientation, with a clear role for both the CDR3α and CDR3β loops in recognizing the rRL-6-CH2OH stimulatory ligand. We also present two additional xenoreactive MAIT TCR/MR1 complexes that recapitulate the docking orientation documented previously, despite having variation in the CDR2β and CDR3β loop sequences. Our data support a model by which MAIT TCRs engage MR1 in a conserved fashion, with their binding affinities modulated by the nature of the MR1-presented Ag or diversity introduced by alternate Vβ usage or CDR3β sequences.
Wenders in Motion: A Study On The Way Of Characterization In Wim Wenders’ Road Movies
Authors: Pehlivan Erman 
Published: October 2013

Famous for his road movies, WimWenders, has a deeper understanding of the word; motion. More than often,Wenders tells the story of wanderers by putting them in a constant state oftravel. These travels alter thewanderers’ characters and play a key role in Wenders’ storytelling. This paperstudies Wim Wenders’ way of characterization in three parts. The first partstates out keywords to define Wim Wenders’ wanderers: movement/motion, thejourney, homesickness, spatial levels, the Ozu connection. And it mainlyfocuses on his road trilogy: Im Lauf der Zeit (1976), FalscheBewegung (1975), and Alice in den Städten (1974), whileexplaining the stated keywords. The second part only focuses on Paris, Texas(1984) and its main character Travis, who might be seen as the ultimatewanderer whom all other Wenders’ characters blend in to. Thethird and the final part takes Der Himmel Über Berlin (1987) as ‘avertical road movie’ hoping for finding a cure for the worldwide homesicknessthat all the Wenders’ wanderers suffer. Also there are a handful of musicreferences hidden through the paper in homage to director’s love for rock ‘n’roll music.
A Reply to Svärd, Nurse, and Ryland
Authors: Donaldson Sue , Kymlicka Will 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In their commentaries on Zoopolis, Nurse, Ryland, and Svärd raise several challenges to our argument for a "political theory of animal rights." They not only object to the specific models of animal citizenship and animal sovereignty we offer, but also express doubt that the categories of political theory can truly shed light on the animal question. In reply, we first clarify the gap in existing animal rights theory that political theory helps to fill. We then address specific concerns regarding (1) the terms of co-citizenship for domesticated animals, (2) the role of the nation-state, and (3) intervention among sovereign animals.
Localist Movements in a Global Economy
Authors: Hess David J. 
Published: October 2013

An overview of the localist movement in the United States, from “buy local” campaigns to urban agriculture, and its potential for addressing global problems of sustainability and justice.
The internationalization of economies and other changes that accompany globalization have brought about a paradoxical reemergence of the local. A significant but largely unstudied aspect of new local-global relationships is the growth of “localist movements,” efforts to reclaim economic and political sovereignty for metropolitan and other subnational regions. In Localist Movements in a Global Economy, David Hess offers an overview of localism in the United States and assesses its potential to address pressing global problems of social justice and environmental sustainability. Since the 1990s, more than 100 local business organizations have formed in the United States, and there are growing efforts to build local ownership in the retail, food, energy, transportation, and media industries. In this first social science study of localism, Hess adopts an interdisciplinary approach that combines theoretical reflection, empirical research, and policy analysis. His perspective is not that of the uncritical localist advocate; he draws on his new empirical research to assess the extent to which localist policies can address sustainability and justice issues. After a theoretical discussion of sustainability, the global corporate economy, and economic development, Hess looks at four specific forms of localism: “buy local” campaigns; urban agriculture; local ownership of electricity and transportation; and alternative and community media. Hess examines “global localism”—transnational local-to-local supply chains—and other economic policies and financial instruments that would create an alternative economic structure. Localism is not a panacea for globalization, he concludes, but a crucial ingredient in projects to build more democratic, just, and sustainable politics.
At War with the Weather
Authors: Kunreuther Howard C. , Michel-Kerjan Erwann O. , Doherty Neil A. , Grace Martin F. , Klein Robert W. , Pauly Mark V. 
Published: October 2013

Innovative, long-term strategies for reducing vulnerability to large-scale natural disasters and for providing financial support for disaster victims.
The United States and other nations are facing large-scale risks at an accelerating rhythm. In 2005, three major hurricanes—Katrina, Rita, and Wilma—made landfall along the U.S. Gulf Coast within a six-week period. The damage caused by these storms led to insurance reimbursements and federal disaster relief of more than $180 billion—a record sum. Today we are more vulnerable to catastrophic losses because of the increasing concentration of population and activities in high-risk coastal regions of the country. The question is not whether but when, and how frequently, future catastrophes will strike and the extent of damages they will cause. Who should pay the costs associated with catastrophic losses suffered by homeowners in hazard-prone areas?
In At War with the Weather, Howard Kunreuther and Erwann Michel-Kerjan with their colleagues deliver a groundbreaking analysis of how we currently mitigate, insure against, and finance recovery from natural disasters in the United States. They offer innovative, long-term solutions for reducing losses and providing financial support for disaster victims that define a coherent strategy to assure sustainable recovery from future large-scale disasters. The amount of data collected and analyzed and innovations proposed make this the most comprehensive book written on these critical issues in the past thirty years.
Isaac Newton on Mathematical Certainty and Method
Authors: Guicciardini Niccolò 
Published: October 2013

An analysis of Newton's mathematical work, from early discoveries to mature reflections, and a discussion of Newton's views on the role and nature of mathematics.
Historians of mathematics have devoted considerable attention to Isaac Newton's work on algebra, series, fluxions, quadratures, and geometry. In Isaac Newton on Mathematical Certainty and Method, Niccolò Guicciardini examines a critical aspect of Newton's work that has not been tightly connected to Newton's actual practice: his philosophy of mathematics. Newton aimed to inject certainty into natural philosophy by deploying mathematical reasoning (titling his main work The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy most probably to highlight a stark contrast to Descartes's Principles of Philosophy). To that end he paid concerted attention to method, particularly in relation to the issue of certainty, participating in contemporary debates on the subject and elaborating his own answers. Guicciardini shows how Newton carefully positioned himself against two giants in the “common” and “new” analysis, Descartes and Leibniz. Although his work was in many ways disconnected from the traditions of Greek geometry, Newton portrayed himself as antiquity's legitimate heir, thereby distancing himself from the moderns. Guicciardini reconstructs Newton's own method by extracting it from his concrete practice and not solely by examining his broader statements about such matters. He examines the full range of Newton's works, from his early treatises on series and fluxions to the late writings, which were produced in direct opposition to Leibniz. The complex interactions between Newton's understanding of method and his mathematical work then reveal themselves through Guicciardini's careful analysis of selected examples. Isaac Newton on Mathematical Certainty and Method uncovers what mathematics was for Newton, and what being a mathematician meant to him.
The Minimum Wage and Labor Market Outcomes
Authors: Flinn Christopher J. 
Published: October 2013

The introduction of a search and bargaining model to assess the welfare effects of minimum wage changes and to determine an “optimal” minimum wage.
In The Minimum Wage and Labor Market Outcomes, Christopher Flinn argues that in assessing the effects of the minimum wage (in the United States and elsewhere), a behavioral framework is invaluable for guiding empirical work and the interpretation of results. Flinn develops a job search and wage bargaining model that is capable of generating labor market outcomes consistent with observed wage and unemployment duration distributions, and also can account for observed changes in employment rates and wages after a minimum wage change. Flinn uses previous studies from the minimum wage literature to demonstrate how his model can be used to rationalize and synthesize the diverse results found in widely varying institutional contexts. He also shows how observed wage distributions from before and after a minimum wage change can be used to determine if the change was welfare-improving. More ambitiously, and perhaps controversially, Flinn proposes the construction and formal estimation of the model using commonly available data; model estimates then enable the researcher to determine directly the welfare effects of observed minimum wage changes. This model can be used to conduct counterfactual policy experiments—even to determine “optimal” minimum wages under a variety of welfare metrics. The development of the model and the econometric theory underlying its estimation are carefully presented so as to enable readers unfamiliar with the econometrics of point process models and dynamic optimization in continuous time to follow the arguments. Although most of the book focuses on the case where only the unemployed search for jobs in a homogeneous labor market environment, later chapters introduce on-the-job search into the model, and explore its implications for minimum wage policy. The book also contains a chapter describing how individual heterogeneity can be introduced into the search, matching, and bargaining framework.
Science in Democracy
Authors: Brown Mark B. 
Published: October 2013

An argument that draws on canonical and contemporary thinkers in political theory and science studies—from Machiavelli to Latour—for insights on bringing scientific expertise into representative democracy.
Public controversies over issues ranging from global warming to biotechnology have politicized scientific expertise and research. Some respond with calls for restoring a golden age of value-free science. More promising efforts seek to democratize science. But what does that mean? Can it go beyond the typical focus on public participation? How does the politics of science challenge prevailing views of democracy? In Science in Democracy, Mark Brown draws on science and technology studies, democratic theory, and the history of political thought to show why an adequate response to politicized science depends on rethinking both science and democracy.
Brown enlists such canonical and contemporary thinkers as Machiavelli, Hobbes, Rousseau, Dewey, and Latour to argue that the familiar dichotomy between politics and science reinforces a similar dichotomy between direct democracy and representative government. He then develops an alternative perspective based on the mutual shaping of participation and representation in both science and politics. Political representation requires scientific expertise, and scientific institutions may become sites of political representation. Brown illustrates his argument with examples from expert advisory committees, bioethics councils, and lay forums. Different institutional venues, he shows, mediate different elements of democratic representation. If we understand democracy as an institutionally distributed process of collective representation, Brown argues, it becomes easier to see the politicization of science not as a threat to democracy but as an opportunity for it.
Urban Modernity
Authors: Levin Miriam R. , Forgan Sophie , Hessler Martina , Kargon Robert H. , Low Morris 
Published: October 2013

How Paris, London, Chicago, Berlin, and Tokyo created modernity through science and technology by means of urban planning, international expositions, and museums.
At the close of the nineteenth century, industrialization and urbanization marked the end of the traditional understanding of society as rooted in agriculture. Urban Modernity examines the construction of an urban-centered, industrial-based culture—an entirely new social reality based on science and technology. The authors show that this invention of modernity was brought about through the efforts of urban elites—businessmen, industrialists, and officials—to establish new science- and technology-related institutions. International expositions, museums, and other such institutions and projects helped stem the economic and social instability fueled by industrialization, projecting the past and the future as part of a steady continuum of scientific and technical progress. The authors examine the dynamic connecting urban planning, museums, educational institutions, and expositions in Paris, London, Chicago, Berlin, and Tokyo from 1870 to 1930. In Third Republic Paris, politicians, administrators, social scientists, architects, and engineers implemented the future city through a series of commissions, agencies, and organizations; in rapidly expanding London, cultures of science and technology were both rooted in and constitutive of urban culture; in Chicago after the Great Fire, Commercial Club members pursued civic ideals through scientific and technological change; in Berlin, industry, scientific institutes, and the popularization of science helped create a modern metropolis; and in Meiji-era Tokyo (Edo), modernization and Westernization went hand in hand.
Localism versus Globalism in Morphology and Phonology
Authors: Embick David 
Published: October 2013

An argument that patterns of allomorphy reveal that morphology and phonology behave in a way that provides evidence for a Localist theory of grammar.
In Localism versus Globalism in Morphology and Phonology, David Embick offers the first detailed examination of morphology and phonology from a phase-cyclic point of view (that is, one that takes into account recent developments in Distributed Morphology and the Minimalist program) and the only recent detailed treatment of allomorphy, a phenomenon that is central to understanding how the grammar of human language works. In addition to making new theoretical proposals about morphology and phonology in terms of a cyclic theory, Embick addresses a schism in the field between phonological theories such as Optimality Theory and other (mostly syntactic) theories such as those associated with the Minimalist program. He presents sustained empirical arguments that the Localist view of grammar associated with the Minimalist program (and Distributed Morphology in particular) is correct, and that the Globalism espoused by many forms of Optimality Theory is incorrect. In the “derivational versus nonderivational” debate in linguistic theory, Embick's arguments come down squarely on the derivational side.
Determining how to make empirical comparisons between such large positions, and the different frameworks that embody them, is at the heart of the book. Embick argues that patterns of allomorphy implicate general questions about locality and specific questions about the manner in which (morpho)syntax relates to (morpho)phonology. Allomorphy thus provides a crucial test case for comparing Localist and Globalist approaches to grammar.