bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Heteroaggregation of Binary Metal-Organic Gels with Tunable Porosity and Mixed Valence Metal Sites for Removal of Dyes in Water
Authors: Mahmood Asif , Xia Wei , Mahmood Nasir , Wang Qingfei , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHierarchical heteronuclear metal-organic gels (MOGs) based on iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) metal-organic framework (MOF) backbones bridged by tri-carboxylate ligands have firstly been synthesized by simple solvothermal method. Monometallic MOGs based on Fe or Al give homogenous monoliths, which have been tuned by introduction of heterogeneity in the system (mismatched growth). The developed gels demonstrate that surface areas, pore volumes and pore sizes can be readily tuned by optimizing heterogeneity. The work also elaborates effect of heterogeneity on size of MOG particles which increase substantially with increasing heterogeneity as well as obtaining mixed valence sites in the gels. High surface areas (1861 m2/g) and pore volumes (9.737 cc/g) were obtained for heterogeneous gels (0.5Fe-0.5Al). The large uptakes of dye molecules (290 mg/g rhodamine B and 265 mg/g methyl orange) with fast sorption kinetics in both neutral and acidic mediums show good stability and accessibility of MOG channels (micro and meso-/macropores), further demonstrating their potential applications in catalysis and sorption of large molecules.
Scoring the correlation of genes by their shared properties using OScal, an improved overlap quantification model
Authors: Liu Hui , Liu Wei , Lin Ying , Liu Teng , Ma Zhaowu , Li Mo , Zhang Hong-Mei , Kenneth Wang Qing , Guo An-Yuan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractScoring the correlation between two genes by their shared properties is a common and basic work in biological study. A prospective way to score this correlation is to quantify the overlap between the two sets of homogeneous properties of the two genes. However the proper model has not been decided, here we focused on studying the quantification of overlap and proposed a more effective model after theoretically compared 7 existing models. We defined three characteristic parameters (d, R, r) of an overlap, which highlight essential differences among the 7 models and grouped them into two classes. Then the pros and cons of the two groups of model were fully examined by their solution space in the (d, R, r) coordinate system. Finally we proposed a new model called OScal (Overlap Score calculator), which was modified on Poisson distribution (one of 7 models) to avoid its disadvantages. Tested in assessing gene relation using different data, OScal performs better than existing models. In addition, OScal is a basic mathematic model, with very low computation cost and few restrictive conditions, so it can be used in a wide-range of research areas to measure the overlap or similarity of two entities.
Comparison between 200 mg QD and 100 mg BID oral celecoxib in the treatment of knee or hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Zeng Chao , Wei Jie , Li Hui , Yang Tuo , Gao Shu-guang , Li Yu-sheng , Xiong Yi-lin , Xiao Wen-feng , Luo Wei , Yang Tu-bao , Lei Guang-hua 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis network meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of 100 mg BID and 200 mg QD oral celecoxib in the treatment of OA of the knee or hip. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched through from inception to August 2014. Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to combine direct and indirect evidences on treatment effectiveness and safety. A total of 24 RCTs covering 11696 patients were included. For the comparison in between the two dosage regimens, 100 mg BID oral celecoxib exhibited a greater probability to be the preferred one either in terms of pain intensity or function at the last follow-up time point. For total gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects (AEs), both of the two dosage regimens demonstrated a higher incidence compared to the placebo group. Further analyses of GI AEs revealed that only 200 mg QD was associated with a significantly higher risk of abdominal pain when compared with placebo. Furthermore, 100 mg BID showed a significantly lower incidence of skin AEs when compared with 200 mg QD and placebo. Maybe 100 mg BID should be considered as the preferred dosage regimen in the treatment of knee or hip OA.
Cellular microRNA miR-26a suppresses replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by activating innate antiviral immunity
Authors: Jia Xiaojuan , Bi Yuhai , Li Jing , Xie Qing , Yang Hanchun , Liu Wenjun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has caused large economic losses in the swine industry in recent years. Current PRRS vaccines fail to effectively prevent and control this disease. Consequently, there is a need to develop new antiviral strategies. MicroRNAs play critical roles in intricate host-pathogen interaction networks, but the involvement of miRNAs during PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection is not well understood. In this study, pretreatment with miR-26a induced a significant inhibition of PRRSV replication and remission of the cytopathic effect in MARC-145 cells and this antiviral effect was sustained for at least 120 h. Luciferase reporter analysis showed that the PRRSV genome was not the target of miRNA-26a. Instead, RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that miR-26a significantly up-regulated innate anti-viral responses, including activating the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway and promoting the production of IFN-stimulated genes. These findings suggest that delivery of miR-26a may provide a potential strategy for anti-PRRSV therapies.
Krankenhaushygienische Herausforderungen durch multiresistente Erreger in der Chirurgie
Authors: Exner D. , Kalff J. , Engelhart S. , Exner M. 
Published: May 2015

Die Anzahl antibiotikaresistenter Erreger steigt kontinuierlich an, ohne dass in den nächsten Jahren mit der Entwicklung neuer, wirksamer Antibiotika zu rechnen sein wird. Postoperative Infektionen stellen mittlerweile mit die häufigsten nosokomialen Infektionen dar. Vor diesem Hintergrund erlangen Hygienestrategien wieder eine neue Bedeutung, ohne deren Umsetzung eine nachhaltige Kontrolle nosokomialer Infektionen nicht gelingen wird. In diesem Artikel werden die wichtigsten Präventionsstrategien zur Prävention einer Infektion mit MRSA sowie 3- und 4-fach resistenten gramnegativen Erregern auf der Grundlage der aktuellen Empfehlungen der Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention (KRINKO) gegeben.Auf die Präventionsstrategien zu den ebenso als nosokomiale Infektionserreger relevanten Vancomycin-resistenten Enterokokken (VRE) und Clostridium difficile soll in einem zukünftigen Beitrag eingegangen werden, da hierzu die Empfehlungen der KRINKO derzeit noch in Bearbeitung sind.
Angiopoietin-like 4 is a potent angiogenic factor and a novel therapeutic target for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Babapoor-Farrokhran Savalan , Jee Kathleen , Puchner Brooks , Hassan Syed Junaid , Xin Xiaoban , Rodrigues Murilo , Kashiwabuchi Fabiana , Ma Tao , Hu Ke , Deshpande Monika , Daoud Yassine , Solomon Sharon , Wenick Adam , Lutty Gerard A. , Semenza Gregg L. , Montaner Silvia , Sodhi Akrit 
Published: May 2015

Significance
In proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), the most vision-threatening sequela of diabetic eye disease, retinal ischemia leads to increased expression of angiogenic factors that promote neovascularization. Although therapies targeting the potent angiogenic mediator vascular endothelial growth factor have been remarkably successful for the treatment of diabetic macular edema, this approach has not proven sufficient to prevent the development of retinal neovascularization, implicating additional angiogenic factor(s) in PDR pathogenesis. We demonstrate here that angiopoietin-like 4 is a potent angiogenic mediator with markedly increased expression in the eyes of PDR patients. Our studies identify a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ocular neovascular disease and may have broad implications for the treatment of other diseases dependent on pathologic angiogenesis.
Production of extremely low volatile organic compounds from biogenic emissions: Measured yields and atmospheric implications
Authors: Jokinen Tuija , Berndt Torsten , Makkonen Risto , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Junninen Heikki , Paasonen Pauli , Stratmann Frank , Herrmann Hartmut , Guenther Alex B. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Kulmala Markku , Ehn Mikael , Sipilä Mikko 
Published: May 2015

Significance
Extremely low volatility organic compounds (ELVOC) are suggested to promote aerosol particle formation and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) production in the atmosphere. We show that the capability of biogenic VOC (BVOC) to produce ELVOC depends strongly on their chemical structure and relative oxidant levels. BVOC with an endocyclic double bond, representative emissions from, e.g., boreal forests, efficiently produce ELVOC from ozonolysis. Compounds with exocyclic double bonds or acyclic compounds including isoprene, emission representative of the tropics, produce minor quantities of ELVOC, and the role of OH radical oxidation is relatively larger. Implementing these findings into a global modeling framework shows that detailed assessment of ELVOC production pathways is crucial for understanding biogenic secondary organic aerosol and atmospheric CCN formation.
Overlapping functions of stonin 2 and SV2 in sorting of the calcium sensor synaptotagmin 1 to synaptic vesicles
Authors: Kaempf Natalie , Kochlamazashvili Gaga , Puchkov Dmytro , Maritzen Tanja , Bajjalieh Sandra M. , Kononenko Natalia L. , Haucke Volker 
Published: May 2015

Significance
Brain function depends on neurotransmission, and alterations in this process are linked to neurological disorders. Neurotransmitter release requires the rapid recycling of synaptic vesicles (SVs) by endocytosis. How synapses maintain the molecular composition of SVs during recycling is poorly understood. We demonstrate that overlapping functions of two completely distinct proteins, the vesicle protein SV2A/B and the adaptor stonin 2, mediate endocytic sorting of the vesicular calcium sensor synaptotagmin 1. As SV2A is the target of the commonly used antiepileptic drug levetiracetam and is linked to late onset Alzheimer’s disease, our findings bear implications for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.
Group discussion improves lie detection
Authors: Klein Nadav , Epley Nicholas 
Published: May 2015

Significance
Detecting lies is difficult. Accuracy rates in experiments are only slightly greater than chance, even among trained professionals. Costly programs aimed at training individual lie detectors have mostly been ineffective. Here we test a different strategy: asking individuals to detect lies as a group. We find a consistent group advantage for detecting small “white” lies as well as intentional high-stakes lies. This group advantage does not come through the statistical aggregation of individual opinions (a “wisdom-of-crowds” effect), but instead through the process of group discussion. Groups were not simply maximizing the small amounts of accuracy contained among individual members but were instead creating a unique type of accuracy altogether.
pH-dependent recognition of apoptotic and necrotic cells by the human dendritic cell receptor DEC205
Authors: Cao Longxing , Shi Xiangyi , Chang Haishuang , Zhang Qinfen , He Yongning 
Published: May 2015

SignificanceDendritic cells are critical in regulating immune responses. DEC205 (CD205) is an endocytotic receptor on dendritic cells with antigen presentation function and has been widely used in immune therapies. Here, we report that DEC205 is an immune receptor that recognizes apoptotic and necrotic cells specifically through a pH-dependent mechanism. The ectodomain of DEC205 forms a double-ringed conformation at acidic pH and becomes extended at basic pH. DEC205 only recognizes apoptotic and necrotic cells at acidic conditions with its N-terminal small ring and has no binding activities to healthy cells at either acidic or basic conditions, thus representing a novel pathway for immune clearance of dead cells and a potential mechanism for tumor scavenging.
Long-range electrostatic screening in ionic liquids
Authors: Gebbie Matthew A. , Dobbs Howard A. , Valtiner Markus , Israelachvili Jacob N. 
Published: May 2015

Significance
Liquid solutions with high concentrations of electrically charged ions are key elements of many energy storage technologies and are prevalent in biology. Nevertheless, they remain poorly understood. We study ionic liquids—liquids composed solely of ions—with the goal of providing a general picture of concentrated ionic solutions. Using molecular-scale experiments, we show that, surprisingly, less than 0.1% of the ions in ionic liquids are “free” to contribute to electrostatic screening, with the remainder “stuck” as neutral aggregates. Our temperature-dependent results provide fundamental guidance for designing high-performance ionic liquids for numerous applications. More broadly, we provide a novel way of envisioning concentrated ionic solutions with wide-ranging implications, such as elucidating the nanoscale properties of underwater bioadhesives and other self-assembled biomolecules.
A characterization of a new type of strong law of large numbers
Authors: Li Deli , Qi Yongcheng , Rosalsky Andrew 
Published: May 2015

Let

0
>
p
>
2

0 > p > 2

and

1
≤
q
>
∞

1 \leq q > \infty

. Let

{

X

n

;

n
≥
1
}

\{X_{n};~n \geq 1 \}

be a sequence of independent copies of a real-valued random variable

X
X

and set

S

n

=

X

1

+
⋯
+

X

n

,

n
≥
1

S_{n} = X_{1} + \cdots + X_{n}, ~n \geq 1

. We say

X
X

satisfies the

(
p
,
q
)

(p, q)

-type strong law of large numbers (and write

X
∈
S
L
L
N
(
p
,
q
)

X \in SLLN(p, q)

) if

∑

n
=
1

∞

1
n

(

|

S

n

|

n

1

/

p

)

q

>
∞

\sum _{n = 1}^{\infty } \frac {1}{n}\left (\frac {\left |S_{n}\right |}{n^{1/p}} \right )^{q} > \infty

almost surely. This paper is devoted to a characterization of

X
∈
S
L
L
N
(
p
,
q
)

X \in SLLN(p, q)

. By applying results obtained from the new versions of the classical Lévy, Ottaviani, and Hoffmann-Jørgensen (1974) inequalities proved by Li and Rosalsky (2013) and by using techniques developed by Hechner (2009) and Hechner and Heinkel (2010), we obtain sets of necessary and sufficient conditions for

X
∈
S
L
L
N
(
p
,
q
)

X \in SLLN(p, q)

for the six cases:

1
≤
q
>
p
>
2

1 \leq q > p > 2

,

1
>
p
=
q
>
2

1 > p = q > 2

,

1
>
p
>
2

1 > p > 2

and

q
>
p

q > p

,

q
=
p
=
1

q = p = 1

,

p
=
1
>
q

p = 1 > q

, and

0
>
p
>
1
≤
q

0 > p > 1 \leq q

. The necessary and sufficient conditions for

X
∈
S
L
L
N
(
p
,
1
)

X \in SLLN(p, 1)

have been discovered by Li, Qi, and Rosalsky (2011). Versions of the above results in a Banach space setting are also given. Illustrative examples are presented.
Randomness and differentiability
Authors: Brattka Vasco , Miller Joseph , Nies André 
Published: May 2015

We characterize some major algorithmic randomness notions via differentiability of effective functions.

(1) As the main result we show that a real number

z
∈
[
0
,
1
]

z\in [0,1]

is computably random if and only if each nondecreasing computable function

[
0
,
1
]
→

R

[0,1]\rightarrow \mathbb {R}

is differentiable at

z
z

.

(2) We prove that a real number

z
∈
[
0
,
1
]

z\in [0,1]

is weakly 2-random if and only if each almost everywhere differentiable computable function

[
0
,
1
]
→

R

[0,1]\rightarrow \mathbb {R}

is differentiable at

z
z

.

(3) Recasting in classical language results dating from 1975 of the constructivist Demuth, we show that a real

z
z

is Martin-Löf random if and only if every computable function of bounded variation is differentiable at

z
z

, and similarly for absolutely continuous functions.

We also use our analytic methods to show that computable randomness of a real is base invariant and to derive other preservation results for randomness notions.
Facing Up to the Hard Problems
Authors: Chattopadhyay Subrata 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This chapter offers examples of crucial insights that an Eastern insider can offer to improve Western and Eastern bioethics. It highlights “colonized minds”, pervasive political and medical profession, and health sector corruption, as myriad intracultural and cross-cultural challenges for the development of a culturally competent national and international bioethics. The chapter concludes with evaluations of the prejudice, conflict, and neocolonial moral imperialism of Western bioethics and provides suggestions for useful corrections to Western transgenic culture.
Capacity Building in Developing World Bioethics
Authors: Simpson Bob 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis chapter explores significant cultural, institutional, and economic disorders that affect bioethics in Sri Lanka. It provides an analysis and argument that building bioethics capacity from the blueprints of an international bioethics is more an irregular process of improvisation and irregularity than an exercise of neat and perpendicular architecture. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the problem of ongoing colonizing power of entrenched Westernized European and Anglophone biomedicine and Western hippocratic medical ethics, which marginalizes indigenous medical and value systems.
Bioethics Between Two Worlds
Authors: Jennings Bruce 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This chapter explores the emergence and social functions of bioethics born in Central and Eastern Europe. It outlines the historical, sociocultural, and economic factors that hinder bioethics development during the Soviet period; the contradiction of Central European bioethics toward neoliberal values and free market society; and the possibility of Central European bioethics as a “Third Way” discursive space for social ethics and communism. The chapter concludes with an analysis of lessons that Eastern European bioethics can offer to Western European and Anglo-American bioethics.
Bioethics in Chile and the Need for Latin American Bioethics
Authors: Kottow Miguel , Russo Moisés 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This chapter talks about the historical and sociocultural features that shape Latin American bioethics and lead Chilean mainstream bioethics to attribute cultural and ethical prominence. Chilean bioethics features include ongoing neocolonial conditions; sustained social and political influence of a Catholic Church; economic dependence on foreign capital, know-how, and marketing; and undaunted socioeconomic inequities. The chapter concludes with an advocate for secular representation in civil society as an urgent need to engage a broader representation of the Chilean population in public deliberation and promote democratic education and consensus to ensure fairness and legitimacy in Chilean bioethics.
Bioethics in Costa Rica
Authors: Gifford Fred , Rodriguez Ana 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis chapter highlights the background factors in developing bioethics in Costa Rica and other Latin American countries. The background factors include the influence of the Roman Catholic church on public opinion and policy, the culture of secrecy and corruption in government and medicine, the established power and political interests of a paternalistic medical profession, the general culture of trust in authority, and the general unempowered position of the average Costa Rican. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the role of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund in privatizing government agencies and reducing public spending.
The Social Functions of Bioethics in South Africa
Authors: van Niekerk Anton A. , Benatar Solomon R. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on South African bioethics, which originated as the “spillover” from British and European academic institutions as a result of its colonial past. South African bioethics are linked to indigenous concerns and takes on social functions that advance on local social, political, and humanitarian concerns. It highlights the apartheid state as a repressive, authoritarian society under which public and professional debates on ethics are limited, and the death of Steve Biko as a significant turning point to the indigenization of South African bioethics.
Toward an African Ubuntuology/uMunthuology Bioethics in Malawi in the Context of Globalization
Authors: Mfutso-Bengo Joseph , Masiye Francis 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This chapter provides a traditional view on African bioethics, featuring bioethics in native Malawi. It focuses on African ubuntu/uMunthu ethical theory and bioethics, which take on the key social function of restoring and preserving the national cultural heritage in Malawi and urging medical students to apply bioethics in their medical practice. The chapter concludes with a description of the cultural meanings of communalistic African Bantu bioethics, including its relational concepts of humanism, personhood, and interdependence self-determination.
The Dominion of Bioethics
Authors: Frolic Andrea , Coughlin Michael D. , Keating Bernard 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis chapter provides a case study of the relationships between bioethics and the project and pitfalls of nation-building, raising crucial questions about the influence of history, culture, and politics on the enterprise of bioethics. It focuses on Canadian bioethics, which is preoccupied with questions of national identity and unique cultural meaning. Anxiety over what defines a Canadian and what makes Canada unique as a nation is fueled by perceived external and internal challenges to a coherent national identity, such as American popular culture and political influence, and Quebec nationalism.
Negotiating Islamic Identity in Egypt through Bioethics
Authors: Eich Thomas , Bentlage Björn 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This chapter discusses Egyptian bioethics, which functions as the place for Egyptians to freely negotiate their values and vision of Egyptian society. It identifies the key actors in the field of Egyptian bioethics across a spectrum of government religious and non-religious actors, non-Egyptian actors, and the media. The chapter concludes with a presentation of two short case studies that relate to sexual mores and the role of women in Egyptian society, revealing a heightened cultural meaning and emphasis on how to control female sexuality through Egyptian bioethics.
Hiking the Range
Authors: Wolf Susan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis chapter introduces the book, which deals with philosophical ethics. It is filled with challenging and provocative discussions on a wide range of philosophical positions and problems. All of these discussions are at least loosely presented as being in the service of the search for the supreme principle of morality. This chapter comments on the suggestion that there is a single true morality, a suggestion that has both a metaethical and a normative aspect. It argues that there are tensions in our common moral thought at least some of which are reflected in the differences among Kantian, contractualist, and consequentialist perspectives. One such tension, which is frequently associated with the difference between Kantian and consequentialist ethics, is that between respect for autonomy and concern for optimific results. The chapter considers how this tension disappears when the author of this book transforms Immanuel Kant's theory. It also examines the tensions between contractualist and noncontractualist theories, as well as the importance (or unimportance) of finding a supreme principle of morality.