bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Quality and Intraocular Scattering After Femtosecond Laser Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Miao Huamao , He Li , Shen Yang , Li Meiyan , Yu Yongfu , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To investigate objective optical quality and changes in light scatter after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for moderate to high myopia correction.

METHODS:

Prospective clinical study of 66 eyes of 66 patients (23 males, 43 females) with a mean age of 28.67 ± 6.62 years, mean spherical refraction of −6.06 ± 1.57 diopters, and mean cylindrical refraction of −0.68 ± 0.46 diopters. Every patient had a 3-month follow-up after a standard SMILE procedure. An optical quality analysis system was used to measure modulation transfer function cutoff frequency (MTF
cutoff
), Strehl2D ratio, and objective scatter index (OSI).

RESULTS:

At 3 months postoperatively, mean spherical equivalent was 0.03 ± 0.24 diopters and corrected distance visual acuities of all patients were equal to or better than preoperative values, with a mean safety index of 1.12 ± 0.17 (range: 0.80 to 1.50) and mean efficacy index of 1.18 ± 0.21 (range: 0.80 to 1.50). Mean OSI increased from 0.75 preoperatively to 1.09 at 20 days postoperatively (
P
< .05), and gradually declined to 0.94 at 40 days and 0.82 at 3 months postoperatively (
P
> .05). MTF
cutoff
and Strehl2D ratio did not change significantly compared with preoperative values (
P
> .05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that preoperative OSI was significantly correlated with optical quality at 3 months. Patients with less preoperative OSI tended to acquire higher MTF
cutoff
(b = −8.61) and lower OSI (b = 0.65) (
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
SMILE had little impact on retinal image quality after myopia correction. Postoperative OSI showed a temporary increase and then returned to normal.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(5):296–302.]
Corneal Refractive Power and Symmetry Changes Following Normalization of Ectasias Treated With Partial Topography-Guided PTK Combined With Higher-Fluence CXL (The Athens Protocol)
Authors: Kanellopoulos Anastasios John , Asimellis George 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To investigate preoperative and postoperative anterior and posterior keratometry and simulated corneal astigmatism in keratoconic eyes treated with collagen cross-linking combined with anterior surface normalization by partial topography-guided excimer ablation (the Athens Protocol).

METHODS:
Anterior and posterior corneal keratometry were measured by Scheimpflug imaging for 267 untreated keratoconic eyes. Following treatment, they were assessed 1 year postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Before treatment, average anterior keratometric value was 47.06 ± 6.02 diopters (D) for flat and 51.24 ± 6.75 D for steep. The posterior keratometric values were −6.70 ± 0.99 D (flat) and −7.67 ± 1.15 D (steep). Anterior astigmatism was on average with-the-rule (−1.97 ± 6.21 D), whereas posterior astigmatism was against-the-rule (+0.53 ± 1.02 D). The posterior and anterior astigmatism were highly correlated (r
2
= 0.839). After treatment, anterior keratometric values were 43.97 ± 5.81 D (flat) and 46.55 ± 6.82 D (steep). Posterior keratometric values were −6.58 ± 1.05 D (flat) and −7.69 ± 1.22 D (steep). Anterior astigmatism was on average with-the-rule (−1.56 ± 3.80 D), whereas posterior astigmatism was against-the-rule (+0.45 ± 1.29 D). The statistically significant (
P
< .05) keratometric changes indicated anterior surface flattening −3.09 ± 2.67 D (flat) and −4.19 ± 2.96 D (steep). The posterior keratometric changes were not statistically significant (
P
> .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Before treatment, there was a strong correlation between posterior and anterior corneal astigmatism. After treatment, statistically significant anterior keratometric values flattened. The posterior surface keratometric values did not demonstrate statistically significant postoperative change: there was minimal posterior change, despite the significant anterior surface normalization.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(5):342–346.]
Evaluating the Short-Term Results of KAMRA Inlay Implantation Using Real-Time Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided Femtosecond Laser Technology
Authors: Tomita Minoru , Huseynova Tukezban 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the outcomes from using real-time optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided femtosecond laser technology for pocket creation for KAMRA inlay (Acufocus, Inc., Irvine, CA) implantation surgery.

METHODS:
One hundred fifty-one eyes underwent KAMRA inlay implantation using the real-time OCT-guided femtosecond laser for pocket creation. All patients had a history of prior LASIK. Uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected near visual acuity, corrected near visual acuity, and manifest refraction spherical equivalent were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. The follow-up period was 3 months.

RESULTS:
Mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent, uncorrected distance visual acuity, and uncorrected near visual acuity changed from −0.18 ± 0.33 to −0.95 ± 0.64, 20/16 to 20/20, and J8 to J2, respectively. Corrected distance visual acuity and corrected near visual acuity remained stable before and after KAMRA inlay implantation, 20/12 and J1, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Using real-time OCT-guided femtosecond laser technology increases the safety and accuracy of corneal KAMRA inlay implantation surgery with a history of prior LASIK with excellent visual and refractive outcomes.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(5):326–329.]
Applications of scattered interpolation with multilevel B‐splines to magnetic anomaly data
Authors: Jiang Yule , Zhang Nan 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTDue to practical limitations, geophysical acquisitions for natural resource exploration are always performed at scattered points in space. To derive more rational and accurate interpretations about physical properties of earth forming materials, it is necessary to interpolate geophysical data in a dense and regular grid as a preliminary step. This article introduces a method for interpolation of scattered data using multilevel B‐splines to estimate field values on a dense and regular grid based on original sparse and irregular data. The algorithm applies an effective B‐splines approximation technique to a hierarchy of control lattices to generate a sequence of functions whose sum approaches the desired interpolation function. This method is implemented successfully in interpolation on both synthetic and real magnetic anomaly data sets. In comparison, it achieves better results than inverse distance weighing, kriging and minimum curvature methods.
Case study: GPR survey at the archaeological Roman site of Ciavieja, El Ejido (Spain)
Authors: Faize Ahmed , de Jong van Coevorden C.M. , Cobos Sánchez C. , Fernández Pantoja A. , Gonzalez García S. , Driouach Abdellah , Gómez Martín R. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper, describing a ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) survey performed on the archaeological site of Ciavieja, El Ejido (Spain), is part of a series of historical studies performed in Ciavieja to analyse the extent and importance of the remains buried at this site. The objective of the GPR survey was to locate the most promising areas within the archaeological site to help design a park that combines leisure and culture. The time slices built with the radar data show several locations with linear and square anomalies with sizes compatible with those of Roman walls or rooms. The interpretation of the GPR data is corroborated with FDTD computer simulations.
Detection of landfill cover damage using geophysical methods
Authors: Genelle Fanny , Sirieix Colette , Riss Joëlle , Naudet Véronique , Dabas Michel , Bégassat Philippe 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn closed hazardous waste (i.e. industrial) landfills, impermeable covers are used to seal in the waste so as to minimise water infiltration and the accumulation of leachate inside the waste. In this paper, we present a geophysical study performed on a French landfill where the cover was designed using impermeable (clay) and drainage (sand) layers along with a Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) in between. As observed, the quantity of leachate increases after rain events making the leachate treatment more expensive. This could be due to areas of weakness in the cover that have developed over time or which date back to its installation. Three different geophysical methods were employed and confronted to detect and assess such damage, and, if necessary, to help choose the most suitable remediation of the cover: Automatic Resistivity Profiling (ARP) which enables a rapid mapping of the entire landfill; the self‐potential method (SP) as one of its sources is water drainage; and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to obtain 2D resistivity models. Based on the ARP results revealing high lateral heterogeneities of the superficial cover materials, the SP and ERT measurements were conducted on a limited area. A negative SP anomaly was observed at the top of the landfill, where the cover is the thinnest and the GCL the most damaged, suggesting preferential infiltration under the GCL. The 2D ERT profile showed both vertical and horizontal variations. Comparison with manual auger holes showed that the alternating clayey and sandy layers did not conform to plans for the original cover when it was installed at this site about twenty years ago. Variations in electrical resistivity noticed at the depth of the GCL were attributed to possible damage to the GCL and a greater than expected permeability since the GCL is normally very resistive. The results obtained in this study were important to understand the damage to the cover due to the use of different types and thicknesses of cover materials compared to what was originally planned, and deterioration of the GCL.
Pre-release detection of a biocontrol agent: combining independent and public DNA sequences to identify the first North American record of Aulacidea pilosellae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)
Authors: Moffat Chandra E. , Smith M. Alex 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHere we report the first North American detection of the gall wasp Aulacidea pilosellae Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), native to Central Europe and a promising candidate biological control agent for invasive hawkweeds (Pilosella Vaillant, Asteraceae) in North America. This occurrence was discovered through the intersection of (i) publically available DNA barcode data and (ii) DNA sequencing of a biocontrol agent before its release. COI DNA sequences of A. pilosellae collected in Central Europe were compared with publically available DNA sequence records. Despite the presence of other Aulacidea Ashmead in the database, the most similar sequence to the European A. pilosellae was an as yet unidentified specimen collected in the Ottawa Valley of eastern Ontario, Canada. Subsequent sequencing of a second gene region (28S-D2) of the Ottawa Valley specimen yielded an identical DNA sequence to the European A. pilosellae, confirming the presence of this species in Ontario. This note highlights the potential synergy that can result from making DNA barcode data publically available before formal taxonomic identification, and a new benefit of incorporating DNA sequencing of standardised markers into biological control programmes.
Efficacy of BioXtra Spray and Mouthwash in Patients with Radiation-induced Xerostomia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Bakhshi Mahin , Manifar Soheila , Azizi Nemat , Shabestari Samira Basir , Mardi Abbas Hossein , Shirinbak Iman , Mehdipour Aida 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAimXerostomia is an important complication following radiotherapy for head and neck regions producing serious discomfort for patients. Symptomatic treatments for the disease include strict oral hygiene and use of artificial saliva substitutes. The present study compared the efficacy of BioXtra spray and mouthwash in the relief of radiotherapy-induced xerostomia in patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Materials and methodsIn a cross-over randomized clinical trial, BioXtra spray and mouth wash were used by 20 patients for 2 weeks with a 1 week wash-out period. The ease of application and the patients’ acceptance of the products were obtained using 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) and dichotomous scales. We used SPSS version. 18.0 to analyze our data considering level of significance less than 0.05.ResultsBoth forms of BioXtra showed similar effect in reducing oral dryness and its complications. The mean VAS was 33.2 for spray and 34.5 for mouthwash. Majority of our patients reported improvements in xerostomia after using spray (85%) and mouthwash (70%), respectively. The patients’ acceptance of both modalities was similar and they showed equal tendency to continue the treatments. No significant differences in symptoms relief as well as judgment of the regimens were found between groups.ConclusionBioXtra spray and mouthwash are similarly effective in reducing the symptoms of postradiotherapy xerostomia.How to cite this articleBakhshi M, Manifar S, Azizi N, Shabestari SB, Mardi AH, Shirinbak I, Mehdipour A. Efficacy of BioXtra Spray and Mouthwash in Patients with Radiationinduced Xerostomia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(1):19-23.
Flexural Strength of E-glass-reinforced PMMA
Authors: Mathew Merin , Shenoy Kamalakanth , Ravishankar KS 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Background
Poly (methyl 2-methylpropenoate) (PMMA) is one of the most widely accepted biomaterials due to its acceptable advantageous but the limitations associated with these materials make them far from being ideal. So, the present study is to achieve desirable flexural strength by reinforcing PMMA with E-glass fiber.

Aim
Determination of flexural strength of PMMA by varying the weight percentage of glass fiber (2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%), and by varying the aspect ratio (3 mm/20 µm, 6 mm/20 µm, 12 mm/20 µm) of glass fiber.

Materials and methods
Specimens prepared using a standard rectangular mold of 62 mm length, 10 mm breadth and 2.5 mm thickness. A total of 60 samples prepared (6 samples in each group) polymer—monomer ratio 2.4:1 by weight used to prepare samples. Flexural strength is tested using universal testing machine Instron. The microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy performed in order to understand the fiber matrix bonding. Detailed statistical analysis done by one-way ANOVA.

Results
Highest flexural strength is observed for the PMMA reinforced with 6 mm/20 µm fiber 2.5 wt%.

How to cite this article
Mathew M, Shenoy K, Ravishankar KS. Flexural Strength of E-glass-reinforced PMMA. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(1):24-28.
AVALIAÇÃO DA CAPACIDADE POTENCIAL DE ARMAZENAMENTO DE ÁGUA NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO PEQUENO, SÃO JOSÉ DOS PINHAIS, PR
Authors: Schechi Richardson Guenther , Bianchi Rita De Cássia , Guimarães Rafael Zoboli , Rizzi Nivaldo Eduardo 
Published: August 2014

O presente trabalho demonstra a capacidade potencial de armazenamento de água da bacia hidrográfica do rio Pequeno, São José dos Pinhais, PR, que é uma região de crescente expansão urbana e industrial da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Com a análise da capacidade potencial de armazenamento de água da bacia hidrográfica, podem ser identificadas áreas com maior ou menor capacidade de recarga de aquíferos, auxiliando, dessa maneira, na implementação de políticas de desenvolvimento socioeconômicas. Para tanto, foi aplicada a metodologia de avaliação da capacidade potencial de armazenamento de água proposta por Chiaranda (2002), que consiste na análise e cruzamento, em ambiente de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG), de informações temáticas como geologia, geomorfologia, solo, cobertura vegetal original e usos dos solos nos anos de 1986, 1996 e 2007. No ano de 1986, a bacia apresentou 79,39; 49,38 e 1,68%, e em 2007 a bacia apresentou 74,10; 47,73 e 8,62% de sua área enquadrada nas classes de alta, média e baixa capacidade de armazenamento, respectivamente. Verificou-se que os usos da terra modificaram as características da capacidade potencial de armazenamento da bacia do rio Pequeno.Palavras-chave: Recursos hídricos; capacidade de armazenamento; hidrologia florestal. AbstractEvaluation of potential water storage capacity in the Rio Pequeno watershed, São José dos Pinhais, PR. This work demonstrates the potential water storage capacity of Rio Pequeno watershed, located in the municipality of São José dos Pinhais, in Paraná State, Brazil. The city is part of Curitiba Metropolitan Area and presents high urban and industrial development.The analysis of the Rio Pequeno watershed potential water storage capacity can identify areas of aquifers with higher or lower capacity to recharge, due to implementation of socioeconomic development policies. In order to that, it was applied the methodology of assessment of potential water storage capacity proposed by Chiaranda (2002). It consists in a Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis combined to different sources of information, such as geology, soil type, original plant cover and land uses. The methodology was applied to the years of 1986, 1996, and 2007. In 1986 the basin presented 79.39, 49.38, and 1.68%, in 2007 the basin presented 74.10, 47.73, and 8.62% of its framed area in classes of high, medium and low storage capacity, respectively. According to that, it was observed that land uses have changed the characteristics of potential water storage capacity of Rio Pequeno watershed. Keywords: Water resources; storage capacity; forest hydrology.
ESTIMATIVA DOS TEORES DE CARBONO POR ESPECTROSCOPIA NO INFRAVERMELHO EM Merostachys skvortzovii (BAMBUSOIDAE)
Authors: Dallagnol Felipe Scheibe , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Nisgoski Silvana , Mognon Francelo 
Published: August 2014

Os métodos para a estimação do carbono no solo e na vegetação são críticos para as estimativas, geralmente são onerosos e envolvem muito trabalho de campo e de laboratório. Essa justificativa reforça a necessidade de uma metodologia rápida e de simples operação e resposta. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é validar a utilização do infravermelho para gerar estimativas que possam satisfazer as premissas de rapidez e baixo custo nas estimativas com alta correlação aos teores reais de carbono encontrados na biomassa. Para que este trabalho fosse realizado, foram comparados os teores provenientes da análise de carbono pelo método da combustão e pelas estimativas provenientes da análise do infravermelho (NIR). Os espectros sofreram diferentes pré-tratamentos antes da modelagem, para obtenção dos teores de carbono. Com relação aos teores de carbono encontrados na espécie em questão, eles oscilaram entre 35,87% e 45,58%, com uma média geral para os teores de 42,63%. O modelo que melhor representou as variações dos teores de carbono foram os espectros que sofrerem o pré-tratamento através da aplicação da segunda derivada, resultando em um erro de validação interna de 0,822 e um coeficiente de calibração (R²) 0,764.Palavras-chave: Bambu; Nir; método não destrutivo. AbstractCarbon yeld estimation by infrared spectroscopy in Merostachys skvortzovii (Bambusoidae). The estimation methods for the soil’s and vegetation’s carbon are critical for the estimates, they are often expensive and involve too much field work and laboratory, reinforcing the need for a methodology of rapid and simple operation and response. So, the objective of this research is to validate the use of infrared analysis to generate estimates that can satisfy the assumptions. The concentrations of carbon from the analysis by the combustion method were compared to the estimates derived from the infrared analysis (NIR), the spectra experienced different pretreatments before modeling in order to obtain the carbon content. In relation to carbon content found in the concerned species, they ranged between 35.87% and 45.58% with an overall average for the contents of 42.63%. The model that better represented variations of the carbon were the spectra under pretreatment by applying the second derivative, resulting in a validation error of 0.822 and an internal calibration coefficient (R ²) of 0.764.Keywords: Bamboo; Nir; Non-destructive method.
ASPECTOS FLORÍSTICOS DE TRÊS ESTÁGIOS SUCESSIONAIS DE MATA CILIAR EM ARROIO DO PADRE, EXTREMO SUL DA MATA ATLÂNTICA
Authors: Venzke Tiago Schuch , Martins Sebastião Venâncio 
Published: August 2014

O objetivo foi caracterizar a composição e as relações florísticas de estágios sucessionais de uma mata ciliar em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no Município de Arroio do Padre, extremo sul do Brasil. A área amostral foi 1,2 ha, dividida em 0,2 ha para capoeira (5 anos de regeneração), 0,5 ha para floresta secundária (45 anos de regeneração) e 0,5 ha de floresta madura. Em parcelas de 10 x 10 m, foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos com DAP ≥5 cm. A riqueza nos três estágios sucessionais revelou 72 espécies, distribuídas em 52 gêneros e 33 famílias. A capoeira apresentou menor número de táxons, enquanto na fase madura ocorreram maior quantidade (49) e riqueza de espécies exclusivas (20). A composição florística foi influenciada pelo estágio sucessional, e a classificação das parcelas pela análise de similaridade formou agrupamentos conforme a idade da regeneração. Isso reflete a adaptação da comunidade às condições ambientais proporcionadas pelo avanço da sucessão ecológica. Assim, recomenda-se que as estratégias de restauração florestal considerem as espécies adaptadas ao estágio sucessional, a fim de maximizar os projetos de reflorestamento e restauração ecológica.Palavras-chave: Pelotas; Floresta Estacional Semidecidual; sucessão florestal; ecologia florestal. AbstractFloristic composition of three successional stages of a riparian forest in the municipality of Arroio do Padre, very south of Brazil. This research aims to characterize composition and floristic relations of three successional stages of a Riparian Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest, in the municipality of Arroio do Padre, South of Brazil. The sample area was divided into 0.2 ha for ‘capoeira’ (five years of regeneration), 0.5 ha for secondary forest (45 years for regeneration), and 0.5 ha for mature forest (primary forest). Richness in the three succession stages included 72 species distributed into 52 genera and 33 families. ‘Capoeira’ presented lower quantity of taxa, whereas in the mature forest occurred greater number of species (49) and exclusive species (20). The floristic composition was influenced by successional stage and classification of plots by the similarity analysis clusters formed as the regeneration time. Differences in floristic composition reflect community adaptation to the conditions provided along succession. These variations reveal that the age of the succession reflects in forest floristic, and strategies for forest restoration should consider species adapted to successional stages in order to maximize native forests reforestation projects.Keywords: Municipality of Pelotas; Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest; forest ecology.