bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the probability of IQ impairment from blood phenylalanine for phenylketonuria patients: a hierarchical meta‐analysis
Authors: Fonnesbeck Christopher J. , McPheeters Melissa L. , Krishnaswami Shanthi , Lindegren Mary Louise , Reimschisel Tyler 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThough the control of blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels is essential for minimizing impairment in individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU), the empirical basis for the selection of specific blood Phe levels as targets has not been evaluated. We evaluated the current evidence that particular Phe levels are optimal for minimizing or avoiding cognitive impairment in individuals with PKU. This work uses meta‐estimates of blood Phe‐IQ correlation to predict the probability of low IQ for a range of Phe levels. We believe this metric is easily interpretable by clinicians, and hence useful in making recommendations for Phe intake. The median baseline association of Phe with IQ was estimated to be negative, both in the context of historical (median = −0.026, 95 % BCI = [−0.040, −0.013]) and concurrent (−0.007, [−0.014, 0.000]) measurement of Phe relative to IQ. The estimated additive fixed effect of critical period Phe measurement was also nominally negative for historical measurement (−0.010, [−0.022, 0.003]) and positive for concurrent measurement (0.007, [−0.018, 0.035]). Probabilities corresponding to historical measures of blood Phe demonstrated an increasing chance of low IQ with increasing Phe, with a stronger association seen between blood Phe measured during the critical period than later. In contrast, concurrently‐measured Phe was more weakly correlated with the probability of low IQ, though the correlation is still positive, irrespective of whether Phe was measured during the critical or non‐critical period. This meta‐analysis illustrates the utility of a Bayesian hierarchical approach for not only combining information from a set of candidate studies, but also for combining different types of data to estimate parameters of interest.
Contents of Carotenoids, Tocopherols and Sterols in Acacia cyanophylla Seed Oils
Authors: Nasri Nizar , Elfalleh Walid , Tlili Nizar , Martine Lucy , Berdeaux Olivier , Salles Christian , Triki Saida , Khaldi Abdelhamid 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSeeds from 12 Acacia cyanophylla ecotypes, harvested in Tunisia, were examined for their seed oil contents of carotenoids, tocopherols and phytosterols. The average carotenoid content (lutein and zeaxanthin) was ca. 102 mg kg−1 of total extracted lipids. Lutein (ca. 97 mg kg−1 of total extracted lipids) was usually more abundant than zeaxanthin (ca. 5 mg kg−1 of total extracted lipids). The mean total tocopherol content was ca. 704 mg kg−1 of total extracted lipids. The main isomer was α‐tocopherol, with more than 75 % of total tocopherols (ca. 528 mg kg−1 of total extracted lipids), followed by γ‐tocopherol (ca. 168 mg kg−1 of total extracted lipids) and δ‐tocopherol (ca. 86 mg kg−1 of total lipids). High levels of phytosterols (ca. 7.8 g kg−1 of total extracted lipids) were detected, among which β‐sitosterol was the most abundant (47 %). All these results highlight the richness of carotenoids, tocopherols and sterols in A. cyanophylla seed oil, and imply that this species might constitute a potential resource for the development of functional foods.
The Curation of Genetic Variants: Difficulties and Possible Solutions
Authors: Pandey Kapil Raj , Maden Narendra , Poudel Barsha , Pradhananga Sailendra , Sharma Amit Kumar 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The curation of genetic variants from biomedical articles is required for various clinical and research purposes. Nowadays, establishment of variant databases that include overall information about variants is becoming quite popular. These databases have immense utility, serving as a user-friendly information storehouse of variants for information seekers. While manual curation is the gold standard method for curation of variants, it can turn out to be time-consuming on a large scale thus necessitating the need for automation. Curation of variants described in biomedical literature may not be straightforward mainly due to various nomenclature and expression issues. Though current trends in paper writing on variants is inclined to the standard nomenclature such that variants can easily be retrieved, we have a massive store of variants in the literature that are present as non-standard names and the online search engines that are predominantly used may not be capable of finding them. For effective curation of variants, knowledge about the overall process of curation, nature and types of difficulties in curation, and ways to tackle the difficulties during the task are crucial. Only by effective curation, can variants be correctly interpreted. This paper presents the process and difficulties of curation of genetic variants with possible solutions and suggestions from our work experience in the field including literature support. The paper also highlights aspects of interpretation of genetic variants and the importance of writing papers on variants following standard and retrievable methods.
On the relationship between supplier integration and time‐to‐market
Authors: Perols Johan , Zimmermann Carsten , Kortmann Sebastian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRecent operations management and innovation management research emphasizes the importance of supplier integration. However, the empirical results as to the relationship between supplier integration and time‐to‐market are ambivalent. To understand this important relationship, we incorporate two major recent developments. First, the literature has started to redefine supplier integration into two dimensions, supplier product integration and supplier process integration. Second, recent research has begun to examine spillover effects that extend beyond the direct costs and benefits of the supplier contract. Using survey data of 116 firms in the industrials, health care, and information technology industries, the results confirm our hypotheses and show that supplier product integration decelerates time‐to‐market while supplier process integration accelerates time‐to‐market. The results also show a positive relationship between supplier integration and the adoption of external technologies, which either decelerates or accelerates time‐to‐market depending on the level of internal exploration activities. Our research, thus, helps to open the ‘black‐box’ of the relationship between supplier integration and time‐to‐market, and provides a theoretically grounded explanation to the apparent contradictory results in prior research about the influence of supplier integration on time‐to‐market. In addition, we contribute to research on spillover effects by emphasizing that information technology adoption and assimilation is an important spillover effect of supplier integration.
Medvedev degrees of two-dimensional subshifts of finite type
Authors: SIMPSON STEPHEN G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we apply some fundamental concepts and results from recursion theory in order to obtain an apparently new example in symbolic dynamics. Two setsXandYare said to beMedvedev equivalentif there exist partial computable functionals fromXintoYand vice versa. TheMedvedev degreeofXis the equivalence class ofXunder Medvedev equivalence. There is an extensive recursion-theoretic literature on the lattices ℰsand ℰwof Medvedev degrees and Muchnik degrees of non-empty effectively closed subsets of {0,1}ℕ. We now prove that ℰsand ℰwconsist precisely of the Medvedev degrees and Muchnik degrees of two-dimensional subshifts of finite type. We apply this result to obtain an infinite collection of two-dimensional subshifts of finite type which are, in a certain sense, mutually incompatible.
Course of post-traumatic stress disorder following war in the Balkans: 1-year follow-up study
Authors: Priebe S. , Gavrilovic J. , Bremner S. , Ajdukovic D. , Franciskovic T. , Neri G. , Kucukalic A. , Lecic-Tosevski D. , Morina N. , Popovski M. , Schützwohl M. , Bogic M. , Matanov A. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundPrevalence rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following the experience of war have been shown to be high. However, little is known about the course of the disorder in people who remained in the area of conflict and in refugees.MethodWe studied a representative sample of 522 adults with war-related PTSD in five Balkan countries and 215 compatriot refugees in three Western European countries. They were assessed on average 8 years after the war and reinterviewed 1 year later. We established change in PTSD symptoms, measured on the Impact of Events Scale – Revised (IES-R), and factors associated with more or less favourable outcomes.ResultsDuring the 1-year period, symptoms decreased substantially in both Balkan residents and in refugees. The differences were significant for IES-R total scores and for the three subscales of intrusions, avoidance and hyperarousal. In multivariable regressions adjusting for the level of baseline symptoms, co-morbidity with depression predicted less favourable symptom change in Balkan residents. More pre-war traumatic events and the use of mental health services within the follow-up period were associated with less improvement in refugees.ConclusionsSeveral years after the war, people with PTSD reported significant symptom improvement that might indicate a fluctuating course over time. Co-morbid depression may have to be targeted in the treatment of people who remained in the post-conflict regions whereas the use of mental health services seems to be linked to the persistence of symptoms among refugees.
Sources of excessive saturated fat, trans fat and sugar consumption in Brazil: an analysis of the first Brazilian nationwide individual dietary survey
Authors: Pereira Rosangela A , Duffey Kiyah J , Sichieri Rosely , Popkin Barry M 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the patterns of consumption of foods high in solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS) in Brazil.DesignCross-sectional study; individual dietary intake survey. Food intake was assessed by means of two non-consecutive food records. Foods providing >9·1 % of energy from saturated fat, or >1·3 % of energy from trans fat, or >13 % of energy from added sugars per 100 g were classified as high in SoFAS.SettingBrazilian nationwide survey, 2008–2009.SubjectsIndividuals aged ≥10 years old.ResultsMean daily energy intake was 8037 kJ (1921 kcal), 52 % of energy came from SoFAS foods. Contribution of SoFAS foods to total energy intake was higher among women (52 %) and adolescents (54 %). Participants in rural areas (43 %) and in the lowest quartile of per capita family income (43 %) reported the smallest contribution of SoFAS foods to total energy intake. SoFAS foods were large contributors to total saturated fat (87 %), trans fat (89 %), added sugar (98 %) and total sugar (96 %) consumption. The SoFAS food groups that contributed most to total energy intake were meats and beverages. Top SoFAS foods contributing to saturated fat and trans fat intakes were meats and fats and oils. Most of the added and total sugar in the diet was supplied by SoFAS beverages and sweets and desserts.ConclusionsSoFAS foods play an important role in the Brazilian diet. The study identifies options for improving the Brazilian diet and reducing nutrition-related non-communicable chronic diseases, but also points out some limitations of the nutrient-based criteria.
Morphological and Histochemical Characterization of Gill Filaments of the Brazilian Endemic Bivalve Diplodon expansus (Küster, 1856) (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Hyriidae)
Authors: Nogarol Larissa Rosa , Brossi-Garcia Ana Luiza , David José Augusto de Oliveira , Fontanetti Carmem Silvia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study presents the morphological description and histochemical characterization of gill filaments of the Brazilian endemic bivalve Diplodon expansus, aiming to broaden the morphological knowledge of this species and establish the structure of the gills that will serve as control in histopathological studies applied to biomonitoring. The gill filaments are divided into three zones: frontal, intermediate, and abfrontal. In the center of the filament, haemocytes circulate through the haemolymph vessel, which is internally lined by endothelium. The frontal surface of the filament is covered with cilia, the lateral surface exhibits aquifer ducts, and the abfrontal surface presents ciliated and nonciliated cells. The epithelium of the filaments is composed of ciliated cells, nonciliated absorptive cells, and mucocytes. The support of the filaments is made by two specialized structures called skeletal rod and skeletal loop. Based on the obtained information, the gill filaments of the studied species present some peculiar characteristics that are not yet reported in detail in the literature such as the simultaneous presence of skeletal rod and skeletal loop. On the other hand, the general constitution of the filament is similar to that described for both marine and limnic bivalves and seems to be suitable for ecotoxicological studies.
Resonant diffusion of energetic electrons by narrowband Z mode waves in Saturn's inner magnetosphere
Authors: Gu Xudong , Thorne Richard M. , Ni Binbin , Ye Sheng‐Yi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBanded emissions near 5 and 20 kHz are observed by the Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) instrument and are identified as Z mode waves in the regions where the plasma frequency is below the electron gyrofrequency. Using wave parameters derived from Gaussian fits to the measured power spectral density for narrow‐band Z mode waves and the ambient density and magnetic field information at L = ~4, we compute the bounce‐averaged diffusion coefficients for the Saturnian radiation belt electrons. Our results indicate that 5 kHz Z mode emissions can cause resonant scattering of electrons from ~2 MeV to tens of megaelectron volts, while 20 kHz waves can interact with electrons from hundreds of kiloelectron volts to ~2 MeV. In principle, the rate of momentum diffusion can be an order of magnitude larger than that of pitch angle diffusion and cross diffusion for electrons at equatorial pitch angles > ~10°, suggesting that Z mode waves on Saturn are responsible for local acceleration of radiation belt energetic electrons at intermediate pitch angles.
Vessel anomalies inQuercus macrocarpatree rings associated with recent floods along the Red River of the North, United States
Authors: Wertz Erika L. , St. George Scott , Zeleznik Joseph D. 
Published: November 2012

Key PointsHydrological records are often too short to estimate extreme floods accuratelyOaks growing along the Red River of the North preserve evidence of recent floodsTree rings could be used to estimate flood history prior to the 20th century
Microbiota conservation and BMI signatures in adult monozygotic twins
Authors: Tims Sebastian , Derom Catherine , Jonkers Daisy M , Vlietinck Robert , Saris Wim H , Kleerebezem Michiel , de Vos Willem M , Zoetendal Erwin G 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota acts like a virtual organ and is suggested to be of great importance in human energy balance and weight control. This study included 40 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs to investigate the influence of the human genotype on GI microbiota structure as well as microbial signatures for differences in body mass index (BMI). Phylogenetic microarraying based on 16S rRNA genes demonstrated that MZ twins have more similar microbiotas compared with unrelated subjects (P&lt;0.001), which allowed the identification of 35 genus-like microbial groups that are more conserved between MZ twins. Half of the twin pairs were selected on discordance in terms of BMI, which revealed an inverse correlation between Clostridium cluster IV diversity and BMI. Furthermore, relatives of Eubacterium ventriosum and Roseburia intestinalis were positively correlated to BMI differences, and relatives of Oscillospira guillermondii were negatively correlated to BMI differences. Lower BMI was associated with a more abundant network of primary fiber degraders, while a network of butyrate producers was more prominent in subjects with higher BMI. Combined with higher butyrate and valerate contents in the fecal matter of higher BMI subjects, the difference in microbial networks suggests a shift in fermentation patterns at the end of the colon, which could affect human energy homeostasis.
Anoxic carbon flux in photosynthetic microbial mats as revealed by metatranscriptomics
Authors: Burow Luke C , Woebken Dagmar , Marshall Ian P G , Lindquist Erika A , Bebout Brad M , Prufert-Bebout Leslie , Hoehler Tori M , Tringe Susannah G , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Weber Peter K , Spormann Alfred M , Singer Steven W 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Photosynthetic microbial mats possess extraordinary phylogenetic and functional diversity that makes linking specific pathways with individual microbial populations a daunting task. Close metabolic and spatial relationships between Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi have previously been observed in diverse microbial mats. Here, we report that an expressed metabolic pathway for the anoxic catabolism of photosynthate involving Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi in microbial mats can be reconstructed through metatranscriptomic sequencing of mats collected at Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, CA, USA. In this reconstruction, Microcoleus spp., the most abundant cyanobacterial group in the mats, ferment photosynthate to organic acids, CO2 and H2 through multiple pathways, and an uncultivated lineage of the Chloroflexi take up these organic acids to store carbon as polyhydroxyalkanoates. The metabolic reconstruction is consistent with metabolite measurements and single cell microbial imaging with fluorescence in situ hybridization and NanoSIMS.
Methods for Rearing Golden Shiner Fry in a Recirculating Aquaculture System
Authors: Tye Marc 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Golden Shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas are one of the most popular baitfishes in the United States. Many states have seasonal shortages of Golden Shiners due to fish importation laws, short growing seasons, disputes over wetland usage, and harvesting laws regarding waters containing nonnative invasive species. Limited supply, favorable wholesale price, and certain biological characteristics of Golden Shiners make this species a potentially economically viable candidate for growing commercially in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). If effective procedures can be developed, Golden Shiners could be produced in-state without risking the threat of bringing in nonnative invasive species or potentially hazardous infectious diseases, while supplying fishermen with sought-after bait 12 months of the year. Golden Shiner eggs were placed into four separate tanks in a RAS and fed nonhatching decapsulated brine shrimp cysts. The number of newly hatched fry were counted daily, starting on day 6 postfertilization; this provided a base for survival rates calculated at the end of the study. Survival rates after the 32-d experiment for the four tanks were 100%, 89%, 96%, and 70%. These results suggest that similar survival rates can be achieved in a large-scale production system, and thus provide pond culturists with fry earlier in the growing season or support grow-out operations for Golden Shiner production.
Lensing and dynamics in two simple steps
Authors: Agnello A. , Auger M. W. , Evans N. W. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We present a ready-to-use method to constrain the density distribution in spherically symmetric early-type galaxy lenses. Assuming a power-law density profile, then joint use of the virial theorem and the lens equation yields simple formulae for the power-law index (or logarithmic density gradient). Any dependence on orbital anisotropy can be tightly constrained or even erased completely. Our results rely just on surface brightnesses and line-of-sight kinematics, making deprojection unnecessary. We revisit three systems that have already been examined in the literature (the Cosmic Horseshoe, the Jackpot and B1608+656) and provide our estimates. Finally, we show that the method yields a good approximation for the density profile even when the true profile is a broken power law, albeit with a mild bias towards isothermality.
Focus on Molecular Plant-Nematode and Plant-Insect Interactions
Authors: Hogenhout Saskia , Mitchum Melissa , Smant Geert 
Published: November 2012

Sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes engage in a long-lasting and intimate relationship with their host plant. This interaction starts in the soil when freshly hatched infective juveniles are attracted to specific parts of a host plant root system. Little is known of what determines the attractiveness of host plant roots, but a mix of biochemical and structural cues from specific host tissues in the roots likely triggers invasive behavior in nematodes. Similarly to nematodes, phloem-feeding aphids and other piercing-sucking (hemipteran) insects must establish close associations with their host plants in order to modulate plant cellular processes to promote feeding and reproduction. This focus issue on molecular interactions between plants and different representatives of the animal kingdom sheds light on recent developments and offers a platform for exciting new data in this field. We are grateful to all the authors for their diverse contributions and for making this focus issue possible. Click on Next Article or Table of Contents above to view the articles in this Focus Issue. (From the Mobile site, go to the MPMI January 2013 issue.)
Social influence and job choice decisions
Authors: Kulkarni Mukta , Nithyanand Siddharth 
Published: November 2012

PurposePast research has largely portrayed job choice as a relatively rational and goal‐directed behavior where applicants make decisions contingent on organizational recruitment activities, or evaluations of job and organizational attributes. Research now informs us that job choice decisions may also be based on social comparisons and social influence. The purpose of this paper is to add to this body of knowledge by examining reasons why social influence is a key factor in job choice decisions of relatively young job seekers.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on in‐depth interview data from graduating seniors at an elite business school in India.FindingsRespondents did not see themselves as acting based on social influence as much as they perceivedothersaround them to be. Reasons they noted forothers’ socially influenced job choice decisions were: peers and seniors are seen as more accessible and trustworthy than organizations; organizations do not share all and/or objective data, driving job seekers to other sources; job seekers are clueless and hence follow a “smart” herd; and job seekers make decisions for social status signaling. Respondents pointed to socially influenced job choices as being rational behaviors under certain conditions.Research limitations/implicationsGeneralizability of findings may be limited to young job seekers or to the Indian context, and the authors encourage replication. The authors also acknowledge the importance of individual difference variables in job choice decisions, a factor not considered in the present research.Practical implicationsGiven that job seekers rally around others’ notion of an attractive job or an organization, the paper outlines several implications for managerial practice.Originality/valueThis study, in a yet unexamined cultural context, points to the simultaneous and combined importance of normative and informational social determinants of job choice, bias blind spots in one's own job choice perceptions and decisions, gender specific socialization influences on job choices, and the notion of job fit in terms of fitment with expectations of important reference groups.