bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mother–Adolescent conflict in African American and European American families: The role of corporal punishment, adolescent aggression, and adolescents' hostile attributions of mothers' intent
Authors: MacKinnon‐Lewis Carol , Lindsey Eric W. , Frabutt James M. , Chambers Jessica Campbell 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe present study examined mothers' use of corporal punishment and adolescents' aggression as predictors of mother–youth conflict during early adolescence. Particular attention was given to the potential mediating role that adolescents' hostile attributions of intent (HAI) regarding mothers' behavior might play in connections between corporal punishment, youth aggression, and mother–adolescent conflict for European American (EA) and African American (AA) youth. Data were collected from 268 12‐ to 14‐year‐olds (154 European American; 114 African American; 133 girls; 135 boys) and their mothers over a period of 2 years. Questionnaires completed by both mothers and adolescents were used to assess maternal corporal punishment and adolescent aggression, and interviews concerning hypothetical situations were used to assess adolescent HAI in year one. In both year one and year two mother–adolescent conflict was observed in a laboratory interaction session. Data revealed that adolescent HAI mediated the link between maternal corporal punishment and mother–adolescent conflict for EA, but not AA youth. Adolescents' HAI mediated the link between adolescent aggression and mother–adolescent conflict for both EA and AA families.
Adolescent Mouse Takes on An Active Transcriptomic Expression During Postnatal Cerebral Development
Authors: Xu Wei , Xin Chengqi , Lin Qiang , Ding Feng , Gong Wei , Zhou Yuanyuan , Yu Jun , Cui Peng , Hu Songnian 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Postnatal cerebral development is a complicated biological process precisely controlled by multiple genes. To understand the molecular mechanism of cerebral development, we compared dynamics of mouse cerebrum transcriptome through three developmental stages using high-throughput RNA-seq technique. Three libraries were generated from the mouse cerebrum at infancy, adolescence and adulthood, respectively. Consequently, 44,557,729 (infancy), 59,257,530 (adolescence) and 72,729,636 (adulthood) reads were produced, which were assembled into 15,344, 16,048 and 15,775 genes, respectively. We found that the overall gene expression level increased from infancy to adolescence and decreased later on upon reaching adulthood. The adolescence cerebrum has the most active gene expression, with expression of a large number of regulatory genes up-regulated and some crucial pathways activated. Transcription factor (TF) analysis suggested the similar dynamics as expression profiling, especially those TFs functioning in neurogenesis differentiation, oligodendrocyte lineage determination and circadian rhythm regulation. Moreover, our data revealed a drastic increase in myelin basic protein (MBP)-coding gene expression in adolescence and adulthood, suggesting that the brain myelin may be generated since mouse adolescence. In addition, differential gene expression analysis indicated the activation of rhythmic pathway, suggesting the function of rhythmic movement since adolescence; Furthermore, during infancy and adolescence periods, gene expression related to axon repulsion and attraction showed the opposite trends, indicating that axon repulsion was activated after birth, while axon attraction might be activated at the embryonic stage and declined during the postnatal development. Our results from the present study may shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the postnatal development of the mammalian cerebrum.
Revisiting gender differences: What we know and what lies ahead
Authors: Meyers‐Levy Joan , Loken Barbara 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEfforts to identify and understand gender differences have a long history that has sparked lively debate and generated much public interest. Although understanding gender differences is pivotal to consumer researchers and marketers, investigations into this issue by such individuals have been few in number, often weak in theory, and rather limited in progress made. This paper strives to reinvigorate such inquiry. We begin by describing four major theories of gender differences (socio‐cultural, evolutionary, hormone‐brain, and the selectivity hypothesis) and then assess relevant research from 2000 to 2013 in marketing, psychology, and biomedicine. From this, five conclusions emerge: Males are more self‐oriented, while females are more other‐oriented; females are more cautious responders; females are more responsive to negative data; males process data more selectively and females more comprehensively; and females are more sensitive to differentiating conditions and factors. We conclude by identifying several areas of opportunity for advancing our understanding of gender differences.
Current Trends and Impact of Smoking Cessation Interventions for Adult Smokers in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Owotomo Olusegun 
Published: June 2014

Objective: This study aims to systematically review the existing literature on the current developments and impact of smoking cessation interventions targeted toward adult smokers in low and middle income countries (LMICs).Methods: Major databases were searched with the following selection criteria: (1) studies based on empirical findings that demonstrate the impact of smoking cessation interventions in LMICs; (2) studies conducted in or focused on LMICs; (3) studies targeted at the adult smoking population; (4) studies focused on smoking cessation component of tobacco control; (5) studies that reported on the capacity for smoking cessation intervention and current developments in LMICs; (6) published in peer review journals between 2003 and April, 2013; (7) studies written or transcribed in English.Results: A total of 23 articles (23 studies) were included in the review. Six studies assessed the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation intervention types in some LMICs. Four studies explored the reach, adoption and institutionalisation of cessation interventions. Six studies assessed physicians’ capacity to provide cessation interventions, and seven studies provided insights on current developments.Conclusion: Smoking cessation interventions are not readily available and affordable in LMICs. Extensive research is needed to determine the most cost-effective and culturally appropriate smoking cessation interventions for adult smokers in LMICs.
Decision Maker Preferences for International Legal Cooperation
Authors: Hafner-Burton Emilie M. , LeVeck Brad L. , Victor David G. , Fowler James H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWhy do some decision makers prefer big multilateral agreements while others prefer cooperation in small clubs? Does enforcement encourage or deter institutional cooperation? We use experiments drawn from behavioral economics and cognitive psychology—along with a substantive survey focused on international trade—to illustrate how two behavioral traits (patience and strategic reasoning) of individuals who play key roles in negotiating and ratifying an international treaty shape their preferences for how treaties are designed and whether they are ratified. Patient subjects were more likely to prefer treaties with larger numbers of countries (and larger long-term benefits), as were subjects with the skill to anticipate how others will respond over multiple iterations of strategic games. The presence of an enforcement mechanism increased subjects' willingness to ratify treaties; however, strategic reasoning had double the effect of adding enforcement to a trade agreement: more strategic subjects were particularly likely to favor ratifying the agreement. We report these results for a sample of 509 university students and also show how similar patterns are revealed in a unique sample of ninety-two actual US policy elites. Under some conditions certain types of university student convenience samples can be useful for revealing elite-dominated policy preferences—different types of people in the same situation may prefer to approach decision-making tasks and reason through trade-offs in materially different ways.
Barriers to Disaster Coordination: Health Sector Coordination in Banda Aceh following the South Asia Tsunami
Authors: Zoraster Richard M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEcological disasters impact large populations every year, and hundreds of nongovernmental organizations, thousands of aid workers, and billions of dollars are sent in response. Yet, there have been recurring problems with coordination, leading to wasted efforts and funds. The humanitarian response to the December 2004 Earthquake and Tsunami in Asia was one of the largest ever, and coordination problems were apparent.The coordination processes and attempts at coordination are discussed in this paper. Specific barriers to cooperation are discussed, such as weak leadership, the absence of accountability, the lack of credentialing, the diverse goals of the responding agencies, and the weaknesses in the coordination process itself.
Postsynaptic activity reverses the sign of the acetylcholine-induced long-term plasticity of GABA
A
inhibition
Authors: Domínguez Soledad , Fernández de Sevilla David , Buño Washington 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Cholinergic activity regulates excitability and plasticity in neuronal circuits through the activation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Here we demonstrate that muscarinic receptors can depress or enhance synaptic inhibition in the hippocampal CA1 region, depending on the quiescent or active state of the postsynaptic target CA1 pyramidal neuron, the main hippocampal CA1 output. These effects regulate inhibition from a presynaptic to a postsynaptic site, a relocation that could be essential to control activity associated with cognitive functions and the homeostatic regulation of abnormal hyperexcitability.
Bactericidal activity of nukacin ISK-1: an alternative mode of action
Authors: Roy Urmi , Islam Mohammad Riazul , Nagao Jun-ichi , Iida Hiroshi , Mahin Abdullah-Al , Li Mengqi , Zendo Takeshi , Nakayama Jiro , Sonomoto Kenji 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We previously reported bacteriostatic action of nukacin ISK-1 against Bacillus subtilis JCM 1465T. Here, we found its bactericidal activity against Micrococcus luteus DSM 1790 and Staphylococcus simulans 22, showing decrease in cell viability, cell lysis, and dissipation of the membrane potential. Moreover, leakage of small molecules such as K+, suggested the formation of small-sized or specific K+-conducting-pores by nukacin ISK-1.
A genome-wide survey of homeodomain-leucine zipper genes and analysis of cold-responsive HD-Zip I members’ expression in tomato
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhu , Chen Xiuling , Guan Xin , Liu Yang , Chen Hongyu , Wang Tingting , Mouekouba Liana Dalcantara Ongouya , Li Jingfu , Wang Aoxue 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) proteins are a kind of transcriptional factors that play a vital role in plant growth and development. However, no detailed information of HD-Zip family in tomato has been reported till now. In this study, 51 HD-Zip genes (SlHZ01-51) in this family were identified and categorized into 4 classes by exon–intron and protein structure in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genome. The synthetical phylogenetic tree of tomato, Arabidopsis and rice HD-Zip genes were established for an insight into their evolutionary relationships and putative functions. The results showed that the contribution of segmental duplication was larger than that of tandem duplication for expansion and evolution of genes in this family of tomato. The expression profile results under abiotic stress suggested that all SlHZ I genes were responsive to cold stress. This study will provide a clue for the further investigation of functional identification and the role of tomato HD-Zip I subfamily in plant cold stress responses and developmental events.
Future-proofing marine protected area networks for cold water coral reefs
Authors: Jackson E. L. , Davies A. J. , Howell K. L. , Kershaw P. J. , Hall-Spencer J. M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Ideally, networks of marine protected areas should be designed with consideration for future changes. We examine how this could be tackled using the example of cold-water coral reefs which provide a number of ecosystem services but are vulnerable to both managed pressures (e.g. deep-water trawling) and unmanaged pressures (e.g. ocean acidification). We collated data on the known and predicted distribution of Northeast Atlantic coral reefs, their protected areas, and fishing effort. We modelled the effects of ocean acidification on aragonite saturation to examine whether existing protected areas will ensure adequate protection for cold-water coral reefs under four possible future scenarios across two models. The best-case scenario suggests only minor impacts of ocean acidification, and that trawling remains the main threat to these reefs. However, in the worst-case scenario, by 2060, over 85% of these reefs are expected to be exposed to corrosive waters. We argue that unmanaged pressures such as ocean acidification and global warming should be incorporated into marine management decisions, with a focus on the protection of cold-water coral reefs to ensure long-term survival of these habitats. A similar approach could be taken for other iconic marine habitats in the face of climate change.
Interannual variability in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) density at South Georgia, Southern Ocean: 1997–2013
Authors: Fielding Sophie , Watkins Jonathan L. , Trathan Philip N. , Enderlein Peter , Waluda Claire M. , Stowasser Gabriele , Tarling Geraint A. , Murphy Eugene J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are a key species in Southern Ocean ecosystems, maintaining very large numbers of predators, and fluctuations in their abundance can affect the overall structure and functioning of the ecosystems. The interannual variability in the abundance and biomass of krill was examined using a 17-year time-series of acoustic observations undertaken in the Western Core Box (WCB) survey area to the northwest of South Georgia, Southern Ocean. Krill targets were identified in acoustic data using a multifrequency identification window and converted to krill density using the Stochastic Distorted-Wave Born Approximation target strength model. Krill density ranged over several orders of magnitude (0–10 000 g m−2) and its distribution was highly skewed with many zero observations. Within each survey, the mean krill density was significantly correlated with the top 7% of the maximum krill densities observed. Hence, only the densest krill swarms detected in any one year drove the mean krill density estimates for the WCB in that year. WCB krill density (µ, mean density for the area) showed several years (1997/1998, 2001–2003, 2005–2007) of high values (µ > 30 g m−2) interspersed with years (1999/2000, 2004, 2009/2010) of low density (µ < 30 g m−2). This pattern showed three different periods, with fluctuations every 4–5 years. Cross correlation analyses of variability in krill density with current and lagged indices of ocean (sea surface temperature, SST and El Niño/Southern Oscillation) and atmospheric variability (Southern Annular Mode) found the highest correlation between krill density and winter SST (August SST) from the preceding year. A quadratic regression (r2 = 0.42, p < 0.05) provides a potentially valuable index for forecasting change in this ecosystem.
Cumulative Duration of “Triple Low” State of Low Blood Pressure, Low Bispectral Index, and Low Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Volatile Anesthesia Is Not Associated with Increased Mortality
Authors: Kertai Miklos D. , White William D. , Gan Tong J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background:
Mortality after noncardiac surgery has been associated with the “triple low state,” a combination of low mean arterial blood pressure (<75 mmHg), low bispectral index (<45), and low minimum alveolar concentration of volatile anesthesia (<0.70). The authors set out to determine whether duration of a triple low state and aggregate risk associated with individual diagnostic and procedure codes are independently associated with perioperative and intermediate-term mortality.

Methods:
The authors studied 16,263 patients (53 ± 16 yr) who underwent noncardiac surgery at Duke University Medical Center between January 2006 and December 2009. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to determine whether perioperative factors were independently associated with perioperative and intermediate-term all-cause mortality.

Results:
The 30-day mortality rate was 0.8%. There were statistically significant associations between 30-day mortality and various perioperative risk factors including age, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status, emergency surgery, higher Cleveland Clinic Risk Index score, and year of surgery. Cumulative duration of triple low state was not associated with 30-day mortality (multivariable odds ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.07). The clinical risk factors for 30-day mortality remained predictors of intermediate-term mortality, whereas cumulative duration of triple low was not associated with intermediate-term mortality (multivariable hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.01). The multivariable logistic regression (c-index = 0.932) and Cox regression (c-index = 0.860) models showed excellent discriminative abilities.

Conclusion:
The authors found no association between cumulative duration of triple low state and perioperative or intermediate-term mortality in noncardiac surgery patients.
How students’ ethnicity influences their respect for teachers
Authors: Evans Elaine , F. Baskerville Rachel , Wynn-Williams Katharine , J. Gillett Shirley 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether ethnicity makes a difference to the level of respect given to teachers by tertiary accounting students. In particular, it examines whether ethnicity has an impact on students’ perceptions regarding their teachers’ attributes and behaviors, which in turn influences their respect for their teachers.Design/methodology/approach– First year accounting students, both domestic and international, were surveyed in New Zealand, Australia and the UK, using a purpose-designed online questionnaire. “Ethnicity” was categorized according to first language, resulting in three categories: Home, Chinese and Other International. Student responses to quantitative questions regarding attributes and behaviors were analyzed using MANOVA and ANOVA. Open-ended questions provided further insight into student perceptions.Findings– Regarding teachers’ attributes, statistically significant differences are seen between the ethnic groups in qualifications, classroom control and professional qualifications or work experience, but not in teachers’ behaviors. The open-ended questions provided student contributions regarding respect. These included “clarity” and “good English skills.”Originality/value– This research contributes to debates over the impact of ethnic diversity in the classroom. It also contributes to the debate over the definition of the concept of “ethnicity.” A comparison between three countries is unusual; all have significant numbers of international students. Value is added through the findings, which challenge often-held assumptions regarding stereotypical “Chinese learners.” The findings will also assist teachers who have large numbers of international students in their classrooms.
A framework to navigate sustainability in business networks
Authors: Wagner Beverly , Svensson Göran 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to describe a transformative business sustainability (TBS) model of stakeholders and sources in sustainable business practices with an interface and exchange node of resource residuals.Design/methodology/approach– The research is based upon a grounded methodology drawn from four in-depth case studies, spanning over six years in different countries and industries. Data were gathered from multiple sources, and interview transcriptions were returned to interviewees for clarification, accuracy, final proofreading and approval.Findings– The TBS model complements existing research by emphasising the importance of commitment to an overarching vision through corporate leadership assigning areas of strategic priority that respond to current and future environmental regulation and social needs.Research implications/limitations– Efforts aimed towards business sustainability and application of sustainable business practices in business networks include interfaces and interactions between involved stakeholders and sources. We argue that stakeholders and sources should be recognised as intertwined, where resources used in activities in a business network causing resource residuals may be recovered and reused by other actors in the business network.Practice implications– The TBS model can be used by managers to plan, implement and assess practices to provide a holistic view of sustainable business activities that supports the development of a company and its network. It may also be used to map and navigate interactions between elements within and external to the company.Originality/value– The principal contribution of the current research is twofold, a TBS model and a tool to map and navigate corporate sustainability efforts.
Exploring the efficacy of consensus-based decision-making
Authors: A. Cunningham Paul 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– This pilot study aims to explore the case of Cloughjordan Ecovillage from the perspective of the consensus-based decision-making approach adopted by this like-minded intentional community. Ecovillages have grown in number around the world since the early 1990s. This growth is largely due to the contested nature of postmodernity and the desire to establish a simpler, meaningful and sustainable lifestyle centered on participatory democracy within the local community. The primary research question guiding this study was – Does consensus work in an intentional community such as an ecovillage?Design/methodology/approach– Data collection included semistructured interviews with current and former ecovillage members, questionnaires (reported elsewhere), literature review, content analysis of relevant documents and media and participant observation.Findings– The preliminary findings suggest that despite the impressive nature of the built infrastructure at this site, the community continues to struggle with governance, decision-making, consensus and communication issues.Originality/value– Considerable interpersonal conflict, leading to the departure of half of the community membership in 2007, acted as a catalyst in calling in outside experts to resolve disputes and to implement a more effective and sustainable framework within which to organize and govern the community. The “Viable Systems Model” was adopted in the same year and thus far appears to have provided a more viable and equitable leadership model that has generally been well received by the current membership.