bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meanings of knowledge and identity in public health nursing in a time of transition: interpretations of public health nurses’ narratives
Authors: Dahl Berit Misund , Clancy Anne 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundA changing healthcare system affects the professional identity of nursing groups. Public health nursing has experienced challenges in balancing the paternalistic expert ideology and the empowerment participation ideology. A strong professional identity can legitimate nursing, and possibly influence the quality of nursing work. Narrations from practice can illuminate the nurses’ theoretical and practical knowledge and help illustrate their collective professional identity.AimTo illuminate the meaning of public health nursing knowledge and professional identity in a continuously changing public health nursing practice.MethodA qualitative interview study with a purposeful sample of 23 Norwegian public health nurses was carried out. Data were analysed using phenomenological hermeneutics, a descriptive method inspired by Ricoeur's philosophy of interpretation.FindingsThree themes emerged (i) Being a generalist: emphasising the need for generalised knowledge and using clinical judgement, (ii) Being one who empowers: focusing on resources and coping strategies, (iii) Being occupied with individual problem solving: focusing on individuals with special needs, using standardised techniques and protocols, and lacking specialised knowledge.ConclusionInterpretation of the nurses' stories illuminated their need for generalised evidence‐based knowledge, but also the importance of using sound clinical judgement in a diverse complex practice, where service users need encouragement, support and expert advice. Time pressures can limit the nurses' involvement. Many had an individual problem‐focus more than a primary prevention focus, in contrast to governmental regulations stating that Norwegian public health nurses should focus on health promotion and primary prevention. Public health nurses have a broad generalised knowledge of their special target group giving them a ‘specialist generalist’ role. Clarification of this role, in relation to jurisdictional borders, can create a strong identity at a time when healthcare policy promotes economic values, professional neutrality and increased collaboration.
Firm‐Level Evidence for the Language Investment Effect on SME Exporters
Authors: Foreman‐Peck James , Zhou Peng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBoth analysis of international trade and the knowledge resource theory of the firm imply that language skills should play a vital role in exporting. This may be apparent to large multinationals with sites in many different linguistic locations, but we show it is less obvious to smaller companies. With data on the language used by each of a large sample of European small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises in their export markets, we test and estimate the effects of language assets on language performance in export markets and on export sales. Controlling for the possibility that language skills may be acquired by exporting, we find a very substantial export return to linguistic expertise, indicative of unexploited gains from investment in languages. There is also evidence of greater under‐investment in language skills in English‐speaking Europe.
Successful treatment of hepatitis E virus‐associated cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with ribavirin
Authors: Del Bello A. , Guilbeau‐Frugier C. , Josse A.‐G. , Rostaing L. , Izopet J. , Kamar N. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHepatitis E virus genotype‐3 (HEV3) infection can cause chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed patients and induce extra‐hepatic manifestations, such as neurological symptoms, kidney injuries, and immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia. Very few cases ofHEV‐induced kidney manifestations have been reported. Herein, we report, for the first time, a case ofde novomembranoproliferative glomerulonephritis that occurred in a kidney transplant patient who developed a chronicHEV3 infection, which was successfully treated with ribavirin.
Monitoring Fatigue During the In-Season Competitive Phase in Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Thorpe Robin T. , Strudwick Anthony J. , Buchheit Martin , Atkinson Greg , Drust Barry , Gregson Warren 
Published: February 2015

Purpose:To quantify the relationship between daily training load and a range of potential measures of fatigue in elite soccer players during an in-season competitive phase (17 d).Methods:Total high-intensity-running (THIR) distance, perceived ratings of wellness (fatigue, muscle soreness, sleep quality), countermovement-jump height (CMJ), postexercise heart-rate recovery (HRR), and heart-rate variability (Ln rMSSD) were analyzed during an in-season competitive period (17 d). General linear models were used to evaluate the influence of daily fluctuation in THIR distance on potential fatigue variables.Results:Fluctuations in fatigue (r = −.51, large, P < .001), Ln rMSSD (r = −.24, small, P = .04), and CMJ (r = .23, small, P = .04) were significantly correlated with fluctuations in THIR distance. Correlations between variability in muscle soreness, sleep quality, and HRR and THIR distance were negligible and not statistically significant.Conclusions:Perceived ratings of fatigue and Ln rMSSD were sensitive to daily fluctuations in THIR distance in a sample of elite soccer players. Therefore, these particular markers show promise as simple, noninvasive assessments of fatigue status in elite soccer players during a short in-season competitive phase.
Objective vs. Self-report Sedentary Behavior in Overweight and Obese Young Adults
Authors: Gibbs Bethany Barone , King Wendy C. , Davis Kelliann K. , Rickman Amy D. , Rogers Renee J. , Wahed Abdus , Belle Steven H. , Jakicic John 
Published: February 2015

Background:Sedentary behavior (SED) has been measured almost exclusively by self-reported total SED or television time in longitudinal studies. This manuscript aimed to compare self-reported vs. objectively measured SED.Methods:Among overweight and obese young adults enrolled in a weight loss trial, baseline SED was assessed by 3 methods: 1) a questionnaire assessing 8 common SEDs (SEDQ), 2) 1 question assessing SED from the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (SEDGPAQ), and 3) a monitor worn on the arm (SEDOBJ). In addition, television time (SEDTV) was isolated from the SEDQ. SED measures were compared using Spearman’s correlations, signed-rank tests, and Bland-Altman plots.Results:In 448 participants, SEDQ and SEDGPAQ were only weakly associated with SEDOBJ (rs = 0.21; P < .001, rs = 0.32; P < .001, respectively). Compared with SEDOBJ, SEDQ more often overestimated SEDOBJ (median difference: 1.1 hours/day; P < .001), while SEDGPAQ more often underestimated SEDOBJ (median difference: –0.7 hours/day; P < .001). The correlation between SEDTV and SEDOBJ was not significantly different from 0 (rs = 0.08; P = .08).Conclusions:SEDQ and SEDGPAQ were weakly correlated with, and significantly different from, SEDOBJ in overweight and obese young adults. SEDTV was not related to SEDOBJ. The poor associations of self-reported and objectively measured SED could affect interpretation and comparison across studies relating SED to adverse health outcomes.
Need for Increased Promotion of Physical Activity Among Adults at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Brief Report
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. 
Published: February 2015

Background:We have a limited understanding of the physical activity (PA) and sedentary levels among individuals at risk and not at risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which was the purpose of this study.Methods:Data from the 2003–2004 NHANES were used, from which 3015 participants were evaluated with 416 indicating a family history of AD. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed via accelerometry with individuals at risk for AD self-reporting a family history of AD.Results:For the entire sample, those at risk for AD engaged in more sedentary behavior than those not at risk (494.9 vs. 477.9 min/day, P = .03, respectively). Similarly, those at risk for AD engaged in less total MVPA than those not at risk (22.4 vs. 24.3 min/day, P = .05, respectively). Results were also significant for various subgroups at risk for AD.Conclusion:Despite the beneficial effects of PA in preventing AD and prolonging the survival of AD, adults at risk for AD tend to engage in more sedentary behavior and less PA than those not at risk for AD. This finding even persisted among minorities (Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks) who are already at an increased risk of developing AD.
Tone 9 of the Jianyang Dialect
Authors: Yue Anne O. 
Published: February 2015

Tone 9 of the Jianyang dialect, for long a controversial topic, is studied across various subdialects of Jianyang in comparison with the Gospel of Matthew, Kien-yang Colloquial of 1900, the earliest extant material for this dialect. its distribution and relationship with initial consonants are carefully examined and its nature and functions described and clarified, leading to the conclusion that it is a morphologically conditioned bianyin that pertains to colloquial words and serves to convey the core meaning of "familiarity" and its derived meaning, reaffirming our assumption made in 1976.
From a broad perspective, bianyin is in essence a kind of erhua 兒化 or more precisely, the last stage witnessed in the metamorphosis of a morphological device that occurs in colloquial speech with varied fonctions. It occurs infrequently with the Min dialects, but it seems to be an areal feature with dialects spoken to the west of Jianyang along the western border of Fujian and eastern Jiangxi, including some She $ dialects in this region.
Fuzzy Word Identification: A Case Study from the Oracle Bone Inscriptions
Authors: Handel Zev 
Published: February 2015

In this paper, a new method of “fuzzy identification” is proposed for circumstances in which an exact match of an epigraphic written word with later attested forms is not possible (for example, because the word has been lost from the language). Based on our increasingly sophisticated understanding of early Chinese morphological patterns and word families, it is sometimes possible to achieve an approximate understanding of pronunciation and meaning in the absence of a precise identification.
As an illustration of this approach, I consider the oracle-bone graph as it appears in a famous eclipse inscription. This graph has been identified as 斲 zhuó and 剅 dōu (among others). I argue that any such identification is overly precise. A fuzzy identification, as a member of the word family based on root *tok with meaning ‘cut, chop’, is a more accurate reflection of the state of our knowledge and provides greater insight into the possible pronunciations and range of meaning and function of the word.
What about 咁? ―Revisiting to the Demonstrative in Early Cantonese
Authors: Cheung Hung-nin Samuel 
Published: February 2015

The demonstrative 咁 carries two different fonctions in Cantonese. It marks the manner of an action as in example (1), and serves as an indicator of degree as in example (2). The two uses correspond to those of 這樣 and 這麼 in Mandarin.
(1) 佢好勤力咁學習。 He studies diligently.
(2) 佢咁勤力學習。 He studies with such diligence.
The two functions may be graphically differentiated, with the former written as 噉 and the latter as 咁. In pronunciation, the two markers share the same segmental make-up, but differ in tone. 噉 is [kɐm35:] and 咁 is [kɐm33:].
In early Cantonese, use of both forms abounds, but the graphic distinction is not always maintained. In Cantonese Made Easy (1883), for example, the manner demonstrative is written as either 咁 or 噉.
(3) 你係咁講咩？ (p.18)
(4) 人哋係噉講。 (p.37)
Phonologically, the forms share essentially the same final “om” in these early Romanized texts. While both tones are found, the differences in usage have yet to be defined. The following two examples, both from Chrestomathy (1841), have the same 咁 expression, but it is marked with different tones.
(5) 夠爭一碼咁上下。 (p. 247) (yinqu 陰去 tone)
(6) 都係八份一咁上下。 (p. 345) (yinshang 陰上 tone)
This paper conducts a detailed analysis of the use of 咁 by examining a variety of colloquial Cantonese texts of the 19th and 20th centuries. It reconstructs the course of change that the demonstrative underwent in pronunciation, grammatical use, and character representation. The paper also offers some preliminary thoughts on the derivational relationship among the demonstrative 咁, the classifier 個 and the deictic 嗰.
Quantifying Energy and Mass Fluxes Controlling Godthåbsfjord Freshwater Input in a 5-km Simulation (1991–2012)*,+
Authors: Langen P. L. , Mottram R. H. , Christensen J. H. , Boberg F. , Rodehacke C. B. , Stendel M. , van As D. , Ahlstrøm A. P. , Mortensen J. , Rysgaard S. , Petersen D. , Svendsen K. H. , Aðalgeirsdóttir G. , Cappelen J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Freshwater runoff to fjords with marine-terminating glaciers along the Greenland Ice Sheet margin has an impact on fjord circulation and potentially ice sheet mass balance through increasing heat transport to the glacier front. Here, the authors use the high-resolution (5.5 km) HIRHAM5 regional climate model, allowing high detail in topography and surface types, to estimate freshwater input to Godthåbsfjord in southwest Greenland. Model output is compared to hydrometeorological observations and, while simulated daily variability in temperature and downwelling radiation shows high correlation with observations (typically &gt;0.9), there are biases that impact the results. In particular, overestimated albedo leads to underestimation of melt and runoff at low elevations.
In the model simulation (1991–2012), the ice sheet experiences increasing energy input from the surface turbulent heat flux (up to elevations of 2000 m) and shortwave radiation (at all elevations). Southerly wind anomalies and declining cloudiness due to an increase in atmospheric pressure over north Greenland contribute to increased summer melt. This results in declining surface mass balance (SMB), increasing surface runoff, and upward shift of the equilibrium line altitude.
SMB is reconstructed back to 1890 though regression between simulated SMB and observed temperature and precipitation, with added uncertainty in the period 1890–1952 because of possible inhomogeneity in the precipitation record. SMB as low as in recent years appears to have occurred before, most notably around 1930, 1950, and 1960. While previous low SMBs were mainly caused by low accumulation, those around 1930 and in the 2000s are mainly due to warming.
Year-to-Year Reoutcropping of Eighteen Degree Water in an Eddy-Resolving Ocean Simulation
Authors: Kwon Young-Oh , Park Jong-Jin , Gary Stefan F. , Lozier M. Susan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWinter outcropping of the Eighteen Degree Water (EDW) and its subsequent dispersion are studied using a ° eddy-resolving simulation of the Family of Linked Atlantic Modeling Experiments (FLAME). Outcropped EDW columns in the model simulations are detected in each winter from 1990 to 1999, and particles are deployed in the center of each outcropped EDW column. Subsequently, the trajectories of these particles are calculated for the following 5 yr. The particles slowly spread away from the outcropping region into the nonoutcropping/subducted EDW region south of ~30°N and eventually to the non-EDW region in the greater subtropical gyre. Approximately 30% of the particles are found in non-EDW waters 1 yr after deployment; after 5 yr, only 25% of the particles are found within EDW. The reoutcropping time is defined as the number of years between when a particle is originally deployed in an outcropping EDW column and when that particle is next found in an outcropping EDW column. Of the particles, 66% are found to reoutcrop as EDW in 1 yr, and less than 5% of the particles outcrop in each of the subsequent 4 yr. While the individual trajectories exhibit significant eddy-like motions, the time scale of reoutcropping is primarily set by the mean circulation. The dominance of reoutcropping in 1 yr suggests that EDW outcropping contributes considerably to the persistence of surface temperature anomalies from one winter to the next, that is, the reemergence of winter sea surface temperature anomalies.
A Balanced Tropical Cyclone Test Case for AGCMs with Background Vertical Wind Shear
Authors: He Fei , Posselt Derek J. , Zarzycki Colin M. , Jablonowski Christiane 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This paper presents a balanced tropical cyclone (TC) test case designed to improve current understanding of how atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) configurations affect simulated TC development and behavior. It consists of an analytic initial condition comprising two independently balanced components. The first provides a vortical TC seed, while the second adds a planetary-scale zonal flow with height-dependent velocity and imposes background vertical wind shear (VWS) on the TC seed. The environmental flow satisfies the steady-state hydrostatic primitive equations in spherical coordinates and is in balance with other background field variables (e.g., temperature, surface geopotential). The evolution of idealized TCs in the test case framework is illustrated in 10-day simulations performed with the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5.1.1 (CAM 5.1.1). Environmental wind profiles with different magnitudes, directions, and vertical inflection points are applied to ensure that the technique is robust to changes in the VWS characteristics. The well-known shear-induced intensity change and structural asymmetry in tropical cyclones are well captured. Sensitivity of TC evolution to small perturbations in the initial vortex is also quantitatively addressed to validate the numerical robustness of the technique. It is concluded that the enhanced TC test case can be used to evaluate the impact of model choice (e.g., resolution, physical parameterizations) on the simulation and representation of TC-like vortices in AGCMs.
Element scavenging by recently formed travertine deposits in the alkaline springs from the Oman Semail Ophiolite
Authors: Olsson J. , Stipp S. L. S. , Gislason S. R. 
Published: February 2015

Ultramafic rocks, such as the Semail Ophiolite in the Sultanate of Oman, are considered to be a potential storage site for CO2. This type of rock is rich in divalent cations that can react with dissolved CO2 and form carbonate minerals, which remain stable over geological periods of time. Dissolution of the ophiolite mobilizes heavy metals, which can threaten the safety of surface and groundwater supplies but secondary phases, such as iron oxides, clays and carbonate minerals, can take up significant quantities of trace elements both in their structure and adsorbed on their surfaces.Hyperalkaline spring waters issuing from the Semail Ophiolites can have pH as high as 12. This water absorbs CO2 from air, forming carbonate mineral precipitates either as thin crusts on the surface of placid water pools or bottom precipitates in turbulent waters. We investigated the composition of the spring water and the precipitates to determine the extent of trace element uptake. We collected water and travertine samples from two alkaline springs of the Semail Ophiolite. Twenty seven elements were detected in the spring waters. The bulk of the precipitate was CaCO3 in aragonite, as needles, and rhombohedral calcite crystals. Traces of dypingite (Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2O) and antigorite ((Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4) were also detected. The bulk precipitate contained rare earth elements and toxic metals, such as As, Ba, Cd, Sr and Pb, which indicated scavenging by the carbonate minerals. Boron and mercury were detected in the spring water but not in the carbonate phases. The results provide confidence that many of the toxic metals released by ophiolite dissolution in an engineered CO2 injection project would be taken up by secondary phases, minimizing risk to water quality.
Abiotic stress and genome dynamics: specific genes and transposable elements response to iron excess in rice
Authors: Finatto Taciane , de Oliveira Antonio Costa , Chaparro Cristian , da Maia Luciano C , Farias Daniel R , Woyann Leomar G , Mistura Claudete C , Soares-Bresolin Adriana P , Llauro Christel , Panaud Olivier , Picault Nathalie 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundIron toxicity is a root related abiotic stress, occurring frequently in flooded soils. It can affect the yield of rice in lowland production systems. This toxicity is associated with high concentrations of reduced iron (Fe2+) in the soil solution. Although the first interface of the element is in the roots, the consequences of an excessive uptake can be observed in several rice tissues. In an original attempt to find both genes and transposable elements involved in the response to an iron toxicity stress, we used a microarray approach to study the transcriptional responses of rice leaves of cv. Nipponbare (Oryza sativaL. ssp.japonica) to iron excess in nutrient solution.ResultsA large number of genes were significantly up- or down-regulated in leaves under the treatment. We analyzed the gene ontology and metabolic pathways of genes involved in the response to this stress and thecis-regulatory elements (CREs) present in the promoter region of up-regulated genes. The majority of genes act in the pathways of lipid metabolic process, carbohydrate metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and plant hormones. We also found genes involved in iron acquisition and mobilization, transport of cations and regulatory mechanisms for iron responses, and in oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species detoxification. Promoter regions of 27% of genes up-regulated present at least one significant occurrence of an ABA-responsive CRE. Furthermore, and for the first time, we were able to show that iron stress triggers the up-regulation of many LTR-retrotransposons. We have established a complete inventory of transposable elements transcriptionally activated under iron excess and the CREs which are present in their LTRs.ConclusionThe short-term response of Nipponbare seedlings to iron excess, includes activation of genes involved in iron homeostasis, in particular transporters, transcription factors and ROS detoxification in the leaves, but also many transposable elements. Our data led to the identification of CREs which are associated with both genes and LTR-retrotransposons up-regulated under iron excess. Our results strengthen the idea that LTR-retrotransposons participate in the transcriptional response to stress and could thus confer an adaptive advantage for the plant.