bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La résistance à l’art contemporain
Authors: de Barnier Virginie , Lagier Joëlle 
Published: March 2015

Cet article analyse les attitudes et les représentations des publics vis-à-vis de l’art contemporain afin d’en appréhender les résistances et d’en inférer des implications marketing. Des études qualitatives menées auprès du grand public (entretiens semi-directifs et netnographie) ont permis d’appréhender les différents registres de résistance. Les résultats permettent d’identifier trois dimensions majeures de résistance : économique, affective et herméneutique. Les recommandations afin de répondre à ces résistances s’articulent autour de deux axes : redonner du sens et des émotions au public, restaurer la confiance entre les différents acteurs du marché .
Les associations doivent-elles craindre une résistance au don d’argent ?
Authors: Urbain Caroline , Le Gall-Ely Marine , Urien Bertrand 
Published: March 2015

Cet article explore la résistance au don d’argent aux associations à partir des travaux récents sur la résistance du consommateur et sur les comportements de don. Les résultats d’une enquête menée auprès de 325 personnes mettent en évidence deux dimensions d’antécédents de la résistance : l’agressivité concurrentielle et l’ambiguïté des pratiques. Ils exposent les effets perturbants ressentis lorsque les particuliers perçoivent des pratiques d’associations dissonantes. Une analyse typologique fait ressortir trois types de sensibilité à ces antécédents : les critiques, les bienveillants et les confiants. Les conclusions s’attachent à identifier les leviers sur lesquels les associations pourraient s’appuyer pour faire face à la résistance au don d’argent ou la prévenir .
Using REDItools to Detect RNA Editing Events in NGS Datasets
Authors: Picardi Ernesto , D'Erchia Anna Maria , Montalvo Antonio , Pesole Graziano 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRNA editing is a post‐transcriptional/co‐transcriptional molecular phenomenon whereby a genetic message is modified from the corresponding DNA template by means of substitutions, insertions, and/or deletions. It occurs in a variety of organisms and different cellular locations through evolutionally and biochemically unrelated proteins. RNA editing has a plethora of biological effects including the modulation of alternative splicing and fine‐tuning of gene expression. RNA editing events by base substitutions can be detected on a genomic scale by NGS technologies through the REDItools package, an ad hoc suite of Python scripts to study RNA editing using RNA‐Seq and DNA‐Seq data or RNA‐Seq data alone. REDItools implement effective filters to minimize biases due to sequencing errors, mapping errors, and SNPs. The package is freely available at Google Code repository (http://code.google.com/p/reditools/) and released under the MIT license. In the present unit we show three basic protocols corresponding to three main REDItools scripts. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nonlinearity of ocean heat uptake during warming and cooling in the FAMOUS climate model
Authors: Bouttes N. , Good P. , Gregory J. M. , Lowe J. A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAtmospheric CO2 concentration is expected to continue rising in the coming decades, but natural or artificial processes may eventually reduce it. We show that, in the FAMOUS atmosphere‐ocean general circulation model, the reduction of ocean heat content as radiative forcing decreases is greater than would be expected from a linear model simulation of the response to the applied forcings. We relate this effect to the behavior of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC): the ocean cools more efficiently with a strong AMOC. The AMOC weakens as CO2 rises, then strengthens as CO2 declines, but temporarily overshoots its original strength. This nonlinearity comes mainly from the accumulated advection of salt into the North Atlantic, which gives the system a longer memory. This implies that changes observed in response to different CO2 scenarios or from different initial states, such as from past changes, may not be a reliable basis for making projections.
The weight of the mountains: Constraints on tectonic stress, friction, and fluid pressure in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake from estimates of topographic loading
Authors: Styron Richard H. , Hetland Eric A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThough it is widely recognized that large mountain ranges produce significant stresses in the Earth's crust, these stresses are not commonly quantified. Nonetheless, near large mountains topography may affect fault activity by changing the stress balance on the faults. In this work, we calculate the stress field from topography in the Longmen Shan (Sichuan, China) and resolve those stresses on several models of the faults that ruptured in the 2008Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. We find that the topography results in shear stresses up to 20 MPa and normal stresses up to 80 MPa on the faults, with significant variability across the faults. Topographic stresses generally load the fault in a normal and left‐lateral shear sense, opposite to the inferred coseismic slip sense, and thus inhibit the coseismic slip. We estimate the tectonic stress needed to overcome topographic and lithostatic stresses by assuming that the direction of maximum shear accumulated on the faults is roughly collinear with the inferred coseismic slip. We further estimate the static friction and pore fluid pressure assuming that the fault was, on average, at Mohr‐Coulomb failure at the time of the Wenchuan earthquake. We use a Bayesian inversion strategy, yielding posterior probability distributions for the estimated parameters. We find most likely estimates of maximum tectonic compressive stress near 0.6ρgzand oriented ∼E‐W, and minimum tectonic stress near 0.2ρgz. Static friction on the fault is near 0.2, and pore fluid pressure is between 0 and 0.4 of the total pressure.
Plasmapause formation at Saturn
Authors: Thomsen M. F. , Mitchell D. G. , Jia X. , Jackman C. M. , Hospodarsky G. , Coates A. J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCassini observations during a rapid, high‐latitude, dawnside pass from Saturn's lobe to inner magnetosphere on 25 June 2009 provide strong evidence for the formation of a “plasmapause” at Saturn by Vasyliunas‐type nightside reconnection of previously mass‐loaded flux tubes. A population of hot, tenuous plasma that lies between the lobe and the dense inner magnetospheric plasma is consistent with a region formed by very recent injection from a reconnection region in the tail, including low density, high temperature, supercorotational flow, a significant O+ content, and the near‐simultaneous observation of enhanced Saturn kilometric radiation emissions. The sharp boundary between that region and the cool dense inner magnetospheric plasma thus separates flux tubes that were involved in the reconnection from those that successfully traversed the nightside without mass loss. This event demonstrates that tail reconnection can strip off inner magnetospheric plasma in to at least dipole L = 8.6. Clear evidence of flux tube interchange driven by the sharp boundary is found, both inward moving flux tubes of hotter plasma and, for the first time, the outward moving cool population. The outward moving cool regions have azimuthal sizes less than 1 RS, were probably created within the past 1.2 h, and have outflow speeds greater than about 5 km/s. At the outer edge of the reconnected region, there is also a possible signature of Dungey‐type lobe reconnection following the initial Vasyliunas‐type reconnection. Observations from this event are entirely consistent with previously described global MHD simulations of tail reconnection, plasmoid departure, and Saturnward injection of reconnected flux.
Influence of Thermal Cross‐Linking Temperature on the Crystallization Behavior of Poly(phenylene sulfide)
Authors: Wang Lei , Yu Haitao , Chi Yu , Lu Ai , Liu Tao , Luo ShiKai 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) are systematically investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicate that the thermal cross‐linking temperature have an important impact on crystallization behaviors of PPS apparently. With the increase in the thermal cross‐linking temperature, the crystallization properties are promoted. It is attributed to the chemically cross‐linking points and formation of network structures during the high thermal cross‐linking temperature, which lead to increment of the effective nucleating sites. Meanwhile, kinetic analysis of crystal growth demonstrates that the regime transitions of PPS crystal growth, from regime III to regime II and from regime II to regime I, can be really observed at different thermal cross‐linking temperatures, respectively. The temperature of regime III/II and II/I transitions decreases with the increase in cross‐linking temperature.
Speech and language in a genotyped cohort of individuals with Kabuki syndrome
Authors: Morgan Angela T. , Mei Cristina , Da Costa Annette , Fifer Joanne , Lederer Damien , Benoit Valérie , McMillin Margaret J. , Buckingham Kati J. , Bamshad Michael J. , Pope Kate , White Susan M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSpeech and language deficits are commonly associated with Kabuki syndrome. Yet little is known regarding the specific symptomatology of these disorders, preventing use of targeted treatment programs. Here we detail speech and language in 16 individuals with Kabuki syndrome (thirteen with KMT2D mutations, one with a KDM6A mutation, and two mutation‐negative cases), aged 4–21 years. The most striking speech deficit was dysarthria, characterised by imprecise consonants, harsh vocal quality, hypernasality, reduced rate and stress, and distorted pitch. Oromotor functioning was also impaired. Delayed, rather than disordered, articulation and phonology was common. Both receptive and expressive language abilities were reduced in the majority and deficits were noted across all language sub‐domains (i.e., semantics, syntax, morphology, and pragmatics) with no clear differentiation or specific language profile. Individuals with Kabuki syndrome present with a heterogenous pattern of oromotor, speech, and language deficits. This variability fits with the multisystem nature of the disorder, which may encompass neurological, orofacial structural, hearing, and cognitive deficits, any or all of which may contribute to speech or language impairment. Our results suggest that all individuals with Kabuki syndrome have some level of communication deficit, warranting speech pathology involvement in all cases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Soft sensor development for nonlinear and time‐varying processes based on supervised ensemble learning with improved process state partition
Authors: Shao Weiming , Tian Xuemin , Wang Ping 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe nonlinearities and time‐varying characteristics are two major causes of low performance of soft sensors in process systems. Motivated of solving the two problems, this paper proposes an adaptive soft sensing method under the ensemble learning framework. An improved process state partition scheme is proposed to construct independent local models, which not only inherits the merits of the original process state partition method but also possesses the function of detecting and deleting redundant models. These prepared local models are weighted by a supervised weighting mechanism and then combined via the Bayesian inference to predict the y‐value of the query sample. Because the weighting mechanism can fully exploit the historical data set and quantify each local model's generalization ability for the query sample, it is potential to compute the combination weights more accurately. Simulations are conducted on two benchmark data sets from two real‐life chemical processes. Extensive performance evaluations of the proposed soft sensor are conducted, and results show its effectiveness. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A facile approach in fabricating superhydrophobic and superoleophilic poly (vinylidene fluoride) membranes for efficient water–oil separation
Authors: Ju Junping , Wang Tingmei , Wang Qihua 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTNew preparation strategies for films that exhibit separation of emulsified oil/water mixtures through a simple, practical, and cost‐effective method are highly desirable. Herein a poly (vinylidene fluoride) membrane with superhydrophobic and superoleophilic surface had been successfully fabricated via a facile dip‐coating process. As‐prepared membrane exhibits good stability of wettability and can be applied for oil and water mixture separation. After cycles, the membranes still keep a relatively high flux, which indicates their great potential for practical applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42077.
Stress memory of a thermoset shape memory polymer
Authors: Wang Anqi , Li Guoqiang 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe performance of stress recovery and shape recovery are equally important for high performance shape memory polymers (SMPs) in emerging applications. However, unlike shape recovery, stress recovery does not always follow a monotonic behavior, i.e., “stress plateau,” “stress overshoot,” and “stress undershoot” can be observed. In order to reveal the complicated stress memorization and recovery behavior, this study employs a phenomenological model which considers the recovery stress as the sum of residual programming stress, memorized stress, thermal stress, and relaxed stress for amorphous crosslinked SMPs. This model is demonstrated by a stress recovery experiment in which a polystyrene based SMP was programmed at two prestrain levels above the glass transition temperature, i.e., 20% (neo‐Hookean hyperelastic region) and 50% (strain‐hardening region), and two fixation temperatures, i.e., 20°C (below Tg) and 45°C (within the Tg region), respectively. In addition, a clear distinction between the memorized stress and recovery stress is presented. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42112.
Application of response surface methodology to evaluate the effect of dry‐spinning parameters on poly (ε‐caprolactone) fiber properties
Authors: Azimi Bahareh , Nourpanah Parviz , Rabiee Mohammad , Arbab Shahram , Cascone Maria Grazia , Baldassare Andrea , Lazzeri Luigi 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTPoly (ε‐caprolactone) fibers were prepared by dry‐spinning method. The effect of processing parameters on linear density, mechanical, and morphological properties of fibers was investigated using the response surface methodology (RSM). This method allowed evaluating a quantitative relationship between polymer concentrations, spinning speed, and draw ratio on the properties of the fibers. Polynomial regression model was fitted to the experimental data to generate predicted response. The results were subjected to analysis of variance to determine significant parameters. It was found that all three parameters had significant effect on linear density of fibers. Combined effect of concentration and spinning speed was observed in which the linear density of fiber was more sensitive to changes in the solution concentration at lower spinning speed. Polymer concentration had the largest influence on the mechanical properties of fibers. An average cross‐sectional radius of fibers was affected by concentration and draw ratio in opposite manner. Among all three parameters, only polymer concentration had significant effect on circularity of fiber cross sections. By applying the RSM, it was possible to obtain a mathematical model that can be used to better define processing parameters to fabricate dry‐spun PCL fiber in a more rational manner. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42113.
Comparing the Health Care Systems of High‐Performing Asian Countries
Authors: Smullen Amanda , Hong Phua Kai 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe newly industrialised and high income economies of East Asia perform remarkably well on a range of health system indicators. We adopt an institutional lens to examine and compare the similarities and differences in health care financing and provision in the paired cases of Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan and South Korea. This illuminates how, despite seemingly common global, regional and functional demands, reformers have responded through diverse means to different institutional constraints. Moreover, some of these cases illuminate the cognizance of reformers with respect to vulnerabilities in their own health care systems enabling effective, albeit ongoing, management.
Reactivity of pyruvic acid and its derivatives towards reactive oxygen species
Authors: Kładna Aleksandra , Marchlewicz Mariola , Piechowska Teresa , Kruk Irena , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPyruvic acid and its derivatives occurring in most biological systems are known to exhibit several pharmacological properties, such as anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotective or anticancer, many of which are suggested to originate from their antioxidant and free radical scavenger activity. The therapeutic potential of these compounds is a matter of particular interest, due to their mechanisms of action, particularly their possible antioxidant behaviour. Here, we report the results of a study of the effect of pyruvic acid (PA), ethyl pyruvate (EP) and sodium pyruvate (SP) on reactions generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, and their total antioxidant capacity. Chemiluminescence (CL) and spectrophotometry techniques were employed. The pyruvate analogues studied were found to inhibit the CL signal arising from superoxide anion radicals in a dose‐dependent manner with IC50 = 0.0197 ± 0.002 mM for EP and IC50 = 69.2 ± 5.2 mM for PA. These compounds exhibited a dose‐dependent decrease in the CL signal of the luminol + H2O2 system over the range 0.5–10 mM with IC50 values of 1.71 ± 0.12 mM for PA, 3.85 ± 0.21 mM for EP and 22.91 ± 1.21 mM for SP. Furthermore, these compounds also inhibited hydroxyl radical‐dependent deoxyribose degradation in a dose‐dependent manner over the range 0.5–200 mM, with IC50 values of 33.2 ± 0.3 mM for SP, 116.1 ± 6.2 mM for EP and 168.2 ± 6.2 mM for PA. All the examined compounds also showed antioxidant capacity when estimated using the ferric–ferrozine assay. The results suggest that the antioxidant activities of pyruvate derivatives may reflect a direct effect on scavenging ROS and, in part, be responsible for their pharmacological actions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification and simultaneous immobilization of Arabidopsis thaliana hydroxynitrile lyase using a family 2 carbohydrate‐binding module
Authors: Kopka Benita , Diener Martin , Wirtz Astrid , Pohl Martina , Jaeger Karl‐Erich , Krauss Ulrich 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTedious, time‐ and labor‐intensive protein purification and immobilization procedures still represent a major bottleneck limiting the widespread application of enzymes in synthetic chemistry and industry. We here exemplify a simple strategy for the direct site‐specific immobilization of proteins from crude cell extracts by fusion of a family 2 carbohydrate‐binding module (CBM) derived from the exoglucanase/xylanase Cex from Cellulomonas fimi to a target enzyme. By employing a tripartite fusion protein consisting of the CBM, a flavin‐based fluorescent protein (FbFP), and the Arabidopsis thaliana hydroxynitrile lyase (AtHNL), binding to cellulosic carrier materials can easily be monitored via FbFP fluorescence. Adsorption properties (kinetics and quantities) were studied for commercially available Avicel PH‐101 and regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC) derived from Avicel. The resulting immobilizates showed similar activities as the wild‐type enzyme but displayed increased stability in the weakly acidic pH range. Finally, Avicel, RAC and cellulose acetate (CA) preparations were used for the synthesis of (R)‐mandelonitrile in micro‐aqueous methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) demonstrating the applicability and stability of the immobilizates for biotransformations in both aqueous and organic reaction systems.
Metabolic study of Angelica dahurica extracts using a reusable liver microsomal nanobioreactor by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Shi Hai‐Li , Jia Yan‐Wei , Peng Shu‐Lin , Liao Xun , Ding Li‐Sheng , Liu Yi‐Ming 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHighly active and recoverable nanobioreactors prepared by immobilizing rat liver microsomes on magnetic nanoparticles (LMMNPs) were utilized in metabolic study of Angelica dahurica extracts. Five metabolites were detected in the incubation solution of the extracts and LMMNPs, which were identified by means of HPLC‐MS as trans‐imperatorin hydroxylate (M1), cis‐imperatorin hydroxylate (M2), imperatorin epoxide (M3), trans‐isoimperatorin hydroxylate (M1′) and cis‐isoimperatorin hydroxylate (speculated M2′). Compared with the metabolisms of imperatorin and isoimperatorin, it was found that the five metabolites were all transformed from these two major compounds present in the plant. Since no study on isoimperatorin metabolism by liver microsomal enzyme system has been reported so far, its metabolites (M1′ and M3′) were isolated by preparative HPLC for structure elucidation by 1H‐NMR and MS2 analysis. M3′ was identified as isoimperatorin epoxide, which is a new compound as far as its chemical structure is concerned. However, interestingly, M3′ was not detected in the metabolism of the whole plant extract. In addition, a study with known chemical inhibitors on individual isozymes of the microsomal enzyme family revealed that CYP1A2 is involved in metabolisms of both isoimperatorin and imperatorin, and CYP3A4 only in that of isoimperatorin. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer‐assisted method based on continuous feedback to improve the academic achievements of first‐year students on computer engineering
Authors: Lemus‐Zúñiga Lenin G. , Montañana J. M. , Buendia‐García F. , Poza‐Luján J. L. , Posadas‐Yagüe J. L. , Benlloch‐Dualde J. V. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe student‐centered learning is being promoted worldwide in higher education, from 2005, in North‐American universities [Principles of teaching. Carnegie Mellon University [Online]. Available www.cmu.edu/teaching/principles/teaching.html], in 2010 in the European Union, but also in Asian countries like Japan [J. M. Bachnik, Roadblocks on the Information Highway: The IT Revolution in Japanese Educa­tion, ser. Studies of Modern Japan. Lexington Books, 2003.]. This paradigm is characterized by applying innovative methods of teaching that involve students as active participants in their own learning. In this paper, it is proposed a method based on detecting the students' learning gains by using low time consuming “Pretests” and “Posttests”, on a selection of learning activities. The overload of introducing the “Pretest‐Posttest” is minimized by using information and communication technologies. The results of the “Pretests” and “Posttests”, provided online, allow the students to be aware of their learning progress. The analysis of these results helps teachers adapt their strategies when presenting the learning activities. The method has been applied on a first‐year course on Computer Engineering, during the 2010–2011, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 academic years. To verify that the method works, two student groups, one control and one experimental, were created. The method was applied in the experimental group. The statistical analysis of the obtained results by the experimental and control groups, shows that the method enhances the grades of the experimental group. Additionally, the support of Information and Communication Technologies minimizes the overload of using this method. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:610–620, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21633