bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous spawning in sympatric populations of a hard coral reveals cryptic species and ancient genetic lineages
Authors: Rosser Natalie L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGenetic subdivision within a species is a vital component of the evolution of biodiversity. In some species of Acropora corals in Western Australia, conspecific individuals spawn in two seasons 6 months apart, which has the potential to impede gene flow and result in genetic divergence. Genetic comparison of sympatric spring and autumn spawners of Acropora samoensis was conducted to assess the level of reproductive isolation and genetic divergence between the spawning groups based on multiple loci (13 microsatellite loci, the mitochondrial control region and two nuclear introns). Bayesian clustering and principal coordinate analysis of the microsatellite loci showed a high level of genetic differentiation between the spawning groups (F’ST = 0.30; P < 0.001), as did the sequence data from PaxC and Calmodulin (ΦST = 0.97 and 0.31, respectively). At the PaxC locus, the autumn and spring spawners were associated with two divergent lineages that were separated by an evolutionary distance of 1.7% and statistical tests indicate divergent selection in PaxC, suggesting this gene may play a role in coral spawning. This study indicates that the autumn and spring spawners represent two cryptic species, and highlights the importance of asynchronous spawning as a mechanism influencing speciation in corals.
MntR(Rv2788): a transcriptional regulator that controls manganese homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Pandey Ruchi , Russo Riccardo , Ghanny Saleena , Huang Xiaojuan , Helmann John , Rodriguez G. Marcela 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe pathogenic mycobacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes two members of the DtxR/MntR family of metalloregulators, IdeR and SirR. IdeR represses gene expression in response to ferrous iron, and we here demonstrate that SirR (Rv2788), although also annotated as an iron‐dependent repressor, functions instead as a manganese‐dependent transcriptional repressor and is therefore renamed MntR. MntR regulates transporters that promote manganese import and genes that respond to metal ion deficiency such as the esx3 system. Repression of manganese import by MntR is essential for survival of M. tuberculosis under conditions of high manganese availability, but mntR is dispensable during infection. In contrast, manganese import by MntH and MntABCD was found to be indispensable for replication of M. tuberculosis in macrophages. These results suggest that manganese is limiting in the host and that interfering with import of this essential metal may be an effective strategy to attenuate M. tuberculosis.
A novel archaeal DNA repair factor that acts with the UvrABC system to repair mitomycin C‐induced DNA damage in a PCNA‐dependent manner
Authors: Giroux Xavier , MacNeill Stuart A. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe sliding clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) plays a vital role in a number of DNA repair pathways in eukaryotes and archaea by acting as a stable platform onto which other essential protein factors assemble. Many of these proteins interact with PCNA via a short peptide sequence known as a PIP (PCNA interacting protein) motif. Here we describe the identification and functional analysis of a novel PCNA interacting protein NreA that is conserved in the archaea and that has a PIP motif at its C‐terminus. Using the genetically tractable euryarchaeon Haloferax volcanii as a model system, we show that the NreA protein is not required for cell viability but that loss of NreA (or replacement of the wild‐type protein with a truncated version lacking the C‐terminal PIP motif) results in an increased sensitivity to the DNA damaging agent mitomycin C (MMC) that correlates with delayed repair of MMC‐induced chromosomal DNA damage monitored by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis. Genetic epistasis analysis in Hfx. volcanii suggests that NreA works together with the UvrABC proteins in repairing DNA damage resulting from exposure to MMC. The wide distribution of NreA family members implies an important role for the protein in DNA damage repair in all archaeal lineages.
Southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) calf mortality at Península Valdés, Argentina: Are harmful algal blooms to blame?
Authors: Wilson Cara , Sastre A. Viviana , Hoffmeyer Monica , Rowntree Victoria J. , Fire Spencer E. , Santinelli Norma H. , Ovejero Soledad Díaz , D'Agostino Valeria , Marón Carina F. , Doucette Gregory J. , Broadwater Margaret H. , Wang Zhihong , Montoya Nora , Seger Jon , Adler Frederick R. , Sironi Mariano , Uhart Marcela M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPenínsula Valdés (PV) in Argentina is an important calving ground for southern right whales (SRWs, Eubalaena australis). Since 2005, right whale mortality has increased at PV, with most of the deaths (~90%) being calves <3 mo old. We investigated the potential involvement of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in these deaths by examining data that include: timing of the SRW deaths, biotoxins in samples from dead SRWs, abundances of the diatom, Pseudo‐nitzschia spp., and the dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense, shellfish harvesting closure dates, seasonal availability of whale prey at PV and satellite chlorophyll data. Evidence of the whales' exposure to HAB toxins includes trace levels of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and domoic acid (DA) in tissues of some dead whales, and fragments of Pseudo‐nitzschia spp. frustules in whale feces. Additionally, whales are present at PV during both closures of the shellfish industry (due to high levels of PSTs) and periods with high levels of Pseudo‐nitzschia spp. and A. tamarense. There is a positive statistical relationship between monthly Pseudo‐nitzschia densities (but not A. tamarense) and calf deaths in both gulfs of PV.
Severe Extravasation Injuries in Neonates: A Report of 34 Cases
Authors: Kostogloudis Nikolaos , Demiri Efterpi , Tsimponis Antonios , Dionyssiou Dimitrios , Ioannidis Sotirios , Chatziioannidis Ilias , Nikolaidis Nikolaos 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionExtravasation injuries are a common and challenging problem in hospitalized newborns. Accidental infusion leakage into the surrounding tissues in immature infants may frequently result in skin necrosis, with significant risk of functional and cosmetic impairment.Material and MethodsIn the present study we reviewed 34 cases of severe extravasation injuries occurring in 1,409 neonates hospitalized in a single neonatal unit over 24 months (incidence 2.4%). Total parenteral nutrition solutions were involved in most cases. All patients were treated within 30 minutes after the injury was recorded using a flush‐out technique with normal saline irrigation and occlusive paraffin dressings of the infiltrated area.ResultsThe majority of injuries affected preterm, low‐birthweight infants (mean gestation 32 wks + 6 days, mean birth weight 1,885 g), with a mean age at the time of injury of 11.6 days and a mean weight of 2,045 g. Neither gestational age (p = 0.87) or birthweight significantly affected (p = 0.07) the incidence of extravasation injuries, although the incidence of skin necrosis had a significant correlation with gestational age (p = 0.009) and birthweight (p < 0.001). All patients responded well to treatment and their wounds healed uneventfully within a maximum of 25 days without the need for secondary surgery for skin coverage.ConclusionExtravasation injuries in extremely preterm and low‐birthweight infants are more likely to lead to skin necrosis. Peripheral venous catheterization should be performed with caution in these patients to prevent such injuries. Immediate irrigation with normal saline is recommended to reduce toxic sequelae in the infiltrated area.
Extensive and Progressing Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis Leading to Diagnosis of GM1 Gangliosidosis
Authors: Vedak Priyanka , Sells Ryan , De Souza Aieska , Hoang Mai P. , Kroshinsky Daniela 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCongenital dermal melanocytosis (CDM) is a birthmark composed of macular blue‐grey hyperpigmentation commonly observed in the lumbosacral region of infants. Generally resolving by childhood, it is traditionally considered a benign condition, but it may be a sign of underlying lysosomal storage disease. We report a case of biopsy‐confirmed CDM in a 2‐month‐old girl of Brazilian descent later diagnosed with infantile GM1 gangliosidosis.
Mosaic Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Systematic Review
Authors: García‐Romero Maria Teresa , Parkin Patricia , Lara‐Corrales Irene 
Published: September 2015

AbstractConfusion is widespread regarding segmental or mosaic neurofibromatosis type 1 (MNF1). Physicians should use the same terms and be aware of its comorbidities and risks. The objective of the current study was to identify and synthesize data for cases of MNF1 published from 1977 to 2012 to better understand its significance and associations. After a literature search in PubMed, we reviewed all available relevant articles and abstracted and synthetized the relevant clinical data about manifestations, associated findings, family history and genetic testing. We identified 111 articles reporting 320 individuals. Most had pigmentary changes or neurofibromas only. Individuals with pigmentary changes alone were identified at a younger age. Seventy‐six percent had localized MNF1 restricted to one segment; the remainder had generalized MNF1. Of 157 case reports, 29% had complications associated with NF1. In one large case series, 6.5% had offspring with complete NF1. The terms “segmental” and “type V” neurofibromatosis should be abandoned, and the correct term, mosaic NF1 (MNF1), should be used. All individuals with suspected MNF1 should have a complete physical examination, genetic testing of blood and skin, counseling, and health surveillance.
Recent Work on the Nature and Development of Delusions
Authors: Bortolotti Lisa , Miyazono Kengo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper we review two debates in the current literature on clinical delusions. One debate is about what delusions are. If delusions are beliefs, why are they described as failing to play the causal roles that characterise beliefs, such as being responsive to evidence and guiding action? The other debate is about how delusions develop. What processes lead people to form delusions and maintain them in the face of challenges and counter‐evidence? Do the formation and maintenance of delusions require abnormal experience alone, or also reasoning biases or deficits? We hope to show that the focus on delusions has made a substantial contribution to the philosophy of the mind and continues to raise issues that are central to defining the concept of belief and gaining a better understanding of how people process information and learn about the world.
On the roles of distinctiveness and semantic expectancies in episodic encoding of emotional words
Authors: Kamp Siri‐Maria , Potts Geoffrey F. , Donchin Emanuel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe examined the factors that contribute to enhanced recall for emotionally arousing words by analyzing behavioral performance, the P300 as an index of distinctiveness, and the N400 as an index of semantic expectancy violation in a modified Von Restorff paradigm. While their EEG was recorded, participants studied three list types (1) neutral words including one emotionally arousing isolate (either positive or negative), (2) arousing, negative words including one neutral isolate, or (3) arousing, positive words including one neutral isolate. Immediately after each list, free recall was tested. Negative, but not positive, words exhibited enhanced recall when presented as isolates in lists of neutral words and elicited a larger P300 for subsequently recalled than not‐recalled words. This suggests that arousing, negative words stand out and that their distinctiveness contributes to their superior recall. Positive valence had an enhancing effect on recall only when the list contained mostly other positive words. Neutral isolates placed in either positive or negative lists elicited an N400, suggesting that semantic expectations developed in emotional word lists regardless of valence. However, semantic relatedness appeared to more strongly contribute to recall for positive than negative words. Our results suggest that distinctiveness and semantic relatedness contribute to episodic encoding of arousing words, but the impact of each factor depends on both a word's valence and its context.
Barriers and facilitators to dental care among HIV‐Infected adults
Authors: Parish Carrigan , Siegel Karolynn , Pereyra Margaret , Liguori Terri , Metsch Lisa 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTOral health problems can significantly compromise HIV‐infected individuals’ general health and well‐being, yet many of them experience an unmet need for oral care. The barriers and facilitators of obtaining dental care in a sample of HIV‐infected adults, all of whom were eligible for Ryan White Part A funding for their treatment, were investigated through qualitative interviews with HIV‐positive individuals who had not received dental services in the prior 12 months (n = 44). Identified barriers were as follows: (1) dental anxiety and fear, (2) cumbersome administrative procedures, (3) long waits at the dental office, (4) problem focused care‐seeking behavior, (5) transportation difficulties, (6) dentists’ reluctance to treat people like them, and (7) psychological issues. Identified facilitating factors were as follows: (1) coverage for dental care, (2) being treated with respect and acceptance, and (3) having an assigned case manager or social worker. Many of the barriers uncovered in this qualitative study can be addressed and overcome by case management services, but other approaches are needed to address the additional psychological and stigma‐related factors that are impeding access to oral healthcare in this population.
Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of a Vaccine Strain of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O from Pakistan
Authors: Shabbir Muhammad Zubair , Munir Muhammad 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Sequencing and subsequent analysis of a vaccine strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O is reported here. Genomic heterogeneity in the protective epitopes (VP1 protein) of the reported strain, compared to characterized strains and available sequences from Pakistan, warrants further studies to determine vaccine-induced immunity and disease protection.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Alphaproteobacterium Associated with the Mediterranean Sponge
Oscarella lobularis
Authors: Jourda Cyril , Santini Sébastien , Rocher Caroline , Le Bivic André , Claverie Jean-Michel 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

While sequencing DNA purified from the homoscleromorph sponge
Oscarella lobularis
, we detected a large number of reads with strong similarity to available alphaproteobacteria gene sequences of family
Rhodobacteraceae
. Here, we present the genome sequence of this putative sponge symbiont that we propose to designate as “
Candidatus
Rhodobacter lobularis.”
Draft Genome Sequence of a Clinical Isolate of Serratia marcescens, Strain AH0650_Sm1
Authors: Wan Yu , Gorrie Claire L. , Jenney Adam , Mirceta Mirjana , Holt Kathryn E. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Serratia marcescens
strain AH0650_Sm1 is a clinical multidrug-resistant isolate from Australia. Here, we report its annotated draft genome comprising 20 contigs. We identified chromosomal antimicrobial resistance genes including a
tet
(41) variant, an
aac(6′)-Ic
variant,
ampC
, a metallo-beta-lactamase, and several putative multidrug efflux pumps, as well as a novel prophage.
Moxibustion Relieves Visceral Hyperalgesia via Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (Trpv1) and Heat Shock Protein (Hsp) 70 Expression in Rat Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: Zou Weiying , Lin Hua , Liu Wenwen , Yang Bei , Wu Lei , Duan Limin , Ling Ping , Zhu Lingyan , Dai Qun , Zhao Lintong , Zou Ting , Zhang Dalei 
Published: September 2015

Objective To investigate the effects of moxibustion on visceral hyperalgesia (VH) and bone marrow cell transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression in a rat model of VH. Methods Mechanical colorectal distension was performed to induce VH in neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats. Eight-week-old VH rats were treated with moxibustion at acupuncture point BL25 or an ipsilateral non-acupuncture point. Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scoring and pain threshold pressure assessment were performed before and after moxibustion treatment for 7 consecutive days. The expression of TRPV1 and HSP70 in bone marrow cells was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. Results The expression of TRPV1 and HSP70 in bone marrow cells was increased in rats with VH. Moxibustion at BL25 significantly decreased AWR scores and increased pain threshold pressure in rats with VH. Furthermore, moxibustion at BL25 significantly inhibited the VH-induced increase in the expression of TRPV1 and HSP70 in bone marrow cells. Conclusions The up-regulation of TRPV1 and HSP70 expression in bone marrow cells may be involved in visceral pain development and the analgesic effect of moxibustion on VH may be mediated through down-regulation of TRPV1 and HSP70 expression in bone marrow cells.
Disabling chronic conditions in childhood and socioeconomic disadvantage: a systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies
Authors: Spencer Nicholas J , Blackburn Clare M , Read Janet M 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the association of socioeconomic disadvantage with the prevalence of childhood disabling chronic conditions in high-income countries.Study designSystematic review and meta-analyses.Data sources6 electronic databases, relevant websites, reference lists and experts in the field.Study selection160 observational studies conducted in high-income countries with data on socioeconomic status and disabling chronic conditions in childhood, published between 1 January 1991 and 31 December 2013.Data extraction and synthesisAbstracts were reviewed, full papers obtained, and papers identified for inclusion by 2 independent reviewers. Inclusion decisions were checked by a third reviewer. Where reported, ORs were extracted for low versus high socioeconomic status. For studies reporting raw data but not ORs, ORs were calculated. Narrative analysis was undertaken for studies without data suitable for meta-analysis.Results126 studies had data suitable for meta-analysis. ORs for risk estimates were: all-cause disabling chronic conditions 1.72 (95% CI 1.48 to 2.01); psychological disorders 1.88 (95% CI 1.68 to 2.10); intellectual disability 2.41 (95% CI 2.03 to 2.86); activity-limiting asthma 2.20 (95% CI 1.87 to 2.85); cerebral palsy 1.42 (95% CI 1.26 to 1.61); congenital abnormalities 1.41 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.61); epilepsy 1.38 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.59); sensory impairment 1.70 (95% CI 1.39 to 2.07). Heterogeneity was high across most estimates (I2>75%). Of the 34 studies without data suitable for meta-analysis, 26 reported results consistent with increased risk associated with low socioeconomic status.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that, in high-income countries, childhood disabling chronic conditions are associated with social disadvantage. Although evidence of an association is consistent across different countries, the review provides limited evidence to explain the association; future research, using longitudinal data, will be required to distinguish low socioeconomic status as the cause or consequence of childhood disabling chronic conditions and the aetiological pathways and mechanisms.
Improving paediatric prescribing practice in a district general hospital through implementation of a quality improvement programme
Authors: Donnelly Peter , Lawson Sara , Watterson Claire 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPrescribing errors are a well recognised cause of adverse incidents and have a direct effect on patients.[1] This impacts on the doctor-family relationship and results in breakdown of trust and communication.[2] This quality improvement project was carried out in the paediatric ward of a district general hospital in Northern Ireland. A retrospective analysis of paediatric prescribing errors between January and December 2013 identified two errors that were felt to be secondary to under-reporting. A baseline audit was subsequently performed that highlighted 32 errors across 12 drug charts.A driver diagram identified three components contributing to prescribing errors and relevant tests of change were developed. The three primary drivers included: education and communication, practical prescribing changes, and medicine reconciliation. Seven interventions were implemented sequentially over a six month period and their effectiveness assessed by a prospective drug chart audit. Ten drug charts were selected at random by the staff nurse allocated to medications on the day of audit. The charts were audited using a predesigned proforma and the total number of errors counted. These were subcategorised and results displayed in graphical format after each intervention.Seven audit cycles were completed in total after each intervention was put into practice. The number of errors (including percentage change following each intervention) is as follows: intervention 1: 32 (+19%); Intervention 2: 31 (+15%); Intervention 3: 17 (-37%); Intervention 4: 12 (-56%); Intervention 5: 15 (-44%); Intervention 6: 7 (-74%); Intervention 7: 10 (-63%). In conclusion, permanent and successful measures are needed to reduce prescribing errors in order to minimise the impact of staff changeover and knowledge deficits.
NF-κB: Regulation by Methylation
Authors: Lu Tao , Stark George R. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In normal cells exposed to stress, the central transcription factor NF-κB is activated only transiently, to modulate the activation of downstream immune responses. However, in most cancers, NF-κB is abnormally activated constitutively, contributing thus to oncogenesis and tumor progression. Therefore, downregulating NF-κB activity is an important goal of cancer treatment. In order to control NF-κB activity therapeutically, it is helpful to understand the molecular mechanisms that normally govern its activation and how dysregulated NF-κB activity may aid the development of disease. Recent evidence from our laboratories and others indicates that, in addition to various posttranslational modifications of NF-κB that have been observed previously, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation, NF-κB can be methylated reversibly on lysine or arginine residues by histone-modifying enzymes, including lysine and arginine methyl transferases and demethylases. Furthermore, these methylations are required to activate many downstream genes. Interestingly, amplifications and mutations of several such enzymes have been linked to cancer. We propose that some of these mutations may alter the methylation not only of histones but also of NF-κB, making them attractive therapeutic targets. Cancer Res; 75(18); 3692–5. ©2015 AACR.