bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pixel‐wise anomaly detection on road by encoder–decoder semantic segmentation framework with driving vigilance
Authors: Liu Yipeng , Wu Jianqing , Song Xiuguang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSemantic segmentation struggles with detecting undefined road obstacles, critical for autonomous driving in urban environments. This study addresses the need for accurate unknown obstacle detection, inspired by drivers’ instinctual vigilance toward unexpected objects. It explores the impact of unexpected object position patterns on anomaly detection using human fixation scan‐paths and gaze density heat maps. Data augmentation based on these patterns enhances the outlier dataset for anomaly detection networks. The proposed driving vigilance enhancement framework (DVEF) improves classification accuracy with multi‐scale detailed features and a vigilance enhancement model, generating vigilance score maps to prioritize unknown regions. An improved energy model joint loss function expands vigilance scores, enhancing anomaly detection accuracy. Compared with recent methods on Fishyscapes (FS) LostAndFound, FS Static, and average datasets, average precision improvements of 2.16%, 2.22%, and 2.89% are achieved on these datasets, respectively. In addition, the false positive rate at a true positive rate of 95% are decreased to 5.79%, 5.62%, and 17.89%, respectively. It is indicated that the performance of the encoder–decoder semantic segmentation network is improved by DVEF, with enhanced consistency and robustness.
Participatory Budgeting for Social Equity: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Taylor Cody R. , Afshan Saman , Lawrence Kara L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEmbracing participatory budgeting in meaningful ways gives the citizenry an increased voice in allocating local government funds. Using an integrated social equity framework, we compare ten communities in the U.S. that have implemented participatory budgeting. Qualitative interviews of public managers involved in participatory budgeting revealed that, when designed with equity in mind, PB can promote access, fairness, and quality, leading to meaningful outcomes for marginalized groups, such as support for homeownership, increased civic participation, and additional funding for education. Our sample largely favored the practice because of its ability to facilitate inclusion, provide citizens with a greater level of engagement, and the ability for individual and organizational learning. Despite challenges, our findings demonstrate the potential of participatory budgeting to enhance social fairness in local governments. Future research should concentrate on overcoming obstacles and the factors that lead communities to prioritize certain projects over others.
Developing a psychosocial competency framework for adult and older adult acute mental health inpatient care
Authors: Wood Lisa , Williams Claire , Luxon Leah , Kumary Ajvir , Roth Anthony 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectivesAcute mental health inpatient settings care for those with acute and complex mental health needs. This study aimed to develop a psychosocial competency framework for use by multidisciplinary professional practitioners working in adult and older adult acute mental health inpatient settings.MethodsThe competence framework was developed through an iterative developmental process. Initially, the relevant literature was reviewed to draft the framework. A multidisciplinary Expert Reference Group provided their expertise to refine and develop the framework and provide professional advice on areas with a weaker evidence base.ResultsA competency framework was produced and nine key areas of competency were developed; ‘Basic knowledge of issues related to acute mental health inpatient care’, ‘Communication skills’, ‘Professional competences for all healthcare workers’, ‘Generic relationship competences’, ‘Assessment, formulation and planning’, ‘Structured care and intervention’, ‘Psychosocial interventions’, ‘Meta‐competences’, and ‘Professional competences for organisations’.ConclusionsThis competency framework will enable stakeholders to understand which competences are needed for high‐quality acute mental health inpatient care provision. It can be used to underpin training packages in this field. Our framework has been recommended as a best‐practice resource in the NHS England Acute Inpatient Mental Health Care guidance for adults and older adults.
Combining the CowPEAsy Web Application With in Planta Agroinfiltration for Native Promoter Validation in Vigna unguiculata
Authors: Jeong Jooyeon , Harris Jake , de Souza Larissa Larocca , Leonelli Lauriebeth 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an important protein source in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Optimizing resilience and productivity through genetic engineering in cowpea has been slow due in part to a lack of defined species‐specific regulatory elements and difficulty testing gene function within the native system. In many plant species, Agrobacterium‐mediated transient gene expression is widely used to validate constructs before investing in transgenic lines, but its implementation in legumes has been challenging. In this study, we optimized an in planta agroinfiltration assay in trifoliate cowpea leaves using a betalain reporter. To demonstrate the “intact plant” aspect of this system, we used this assay to characterize drought‐inducible promoters by challenging cowpea plants with drought stress. Subsequently, to identify and broaden the pool of native promoters known in cowpea, we developed a user‐friendly web application, CowPEAsy, allowing users to interrogate gene expression from our canopy‐level, developmental‐series RNA‐Seq data set. Finally, using CowPEAsy, we identified six promoters that showed constitutive expression across all conditions and verified these promoters with our transient system. This work provides an in vivo platform for preliminary validation of regulatory elements in cowpea and other legumes and enhances current genetic resources by identifying a suite of physiologically relevant promoters of varying strengths.
Genome‐Wide Association Study Elucidates the Genetic Architecture of Manganese Tolerance in Brassica napus
Authors: Raman Harsh , Bai Zetao , McVittie Brett , Mukherjee Sourav , Goold Hugh D. , Zhang Yuanyuan , Khin Nay Chi , Qiu Yu , Shamaya Nawar , Liu Shengyi , Delourme Regine , Pogson Barry J. , Balasubramanian Sureshkumar , Raman Rosy 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBrassica napus (canola) is a significant contributor to the world's oil production and is cultivated across continents, yet acidic soils with aluminium (Al3+) and manganese (Mn2+) toxicities limit its production. The genetic determinants underlying natural variation for acidic soil tolerance in canola are unknown and need to be determined. Through genome‐wide association analysis of 326 canola accessions, we identified three QTLs for tolerance to Mn2+ toxicity on chromosomes A09, C03, and C09. Allelism tests between four tolerance sources confirmed that at least one locus on A09 controls Mn2+ tolerance in canola. Integrated analyses of genomic and expression QTL and Mn2+ tolerance data revealed that BnMTP8.A09, possibly in conjunction with BnMATE.C03, BnMTP8.C04 and BnMTP8.C08, play a central role in conferring Mn2+ tolerance in canola. Gene expression analysis showed that variation in BnMTP8.A09 expression could account for upto 74% of the variation in Mn2+ tolerance between individuals with extreme phenotypes. Yeast complementation assays and ectopic expression in Arabidopsis show that BnMTP8.A09 can complement manganese‐hypersensitive yeast mutant strain PMR1∆ and Arabidopsis atmtp8 mutant background, respectively and restore Mn2+ tolerance to wild‐type levels. Our multi‐omics research approach unveils the genetic architecture of Mn2+ tolerance and identifies BnMTP8.A09 as a causal gene imparting tolerance to Mn2+ toxicity in canola.
Unearthing Role Dynamics Within Innovation Ecosystem Emergence: A Case Study of Data‐Driven Circularity
Authors: Kortus Lukas , Gutmann Tobias , Kreutzer Markus 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInnovation ecosystems (IE) are increasingly regarded as important vehicles for creating value from complex value propositions and addressing grand challenges through the development of a circular economy (CE). While current research emphasizes that inter‐organizational relationships can facilitate transformation toward a CE, this study enhances our understanding of collaboration in ecosystem emergence. We conducted an 18‐month ethnographic case study of an IE aimed at developing data‐driven CE solutions within the German automotive industry. This study sheds light on ecosystem dynamics by examining how the roles of partners within an IE evolve during the highly volatile emergence phase to maximize value creation. We uncover two role dimensions that differ in their temporal dynamics and offer an integrative process model of role evolution. Our study thereby contributes to the literature on role theory and CE ecosystems by outlining how partner firms collaborate in IEs to develop data‐driven CE solutions.
Conservation in conflict: Examining rural–urban discourse in wolf reintroduction policy in Colorado
Authors: Gabehart Kayla M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWolf reintroduction and management is a highly conflictual topic in both the United States and Europe, enflaming rural–urban tensions and pitting agriculture interests against environmentalists. This study examines the case of gray wolf reintroduction in Colorado. The reintroduction decision was decided by state popular vote on a citizen‐introduced ballot initiative, Proposition 114, in 2020. While a majority of Coloradans voted in favor of reintroduction, this vote was almost exclusively divided along rural–urban geographic lines. To analyze these cleavages and the conflict therein, this study examines the changing coalitional discourse surrounding wolf reintroduction policy in Colorado. This study captures changes in the policy conflict from the beginning of 2020 when the ballot initiative to reintroduce gray wolves was first proposed, to the passage of that initiative on the November 2020 ballot, through the related legislative bills proposed in the spring of 2021 in an effort to maintain rural representation in the reintroduction process. This case utilizes the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) and emotion belief analysis (EBA) to analyze news media and legislative testimony.
Grain‐fabric alignments in a mixed carbonate–siliciclastic mass‐transport complex: The Cutoff Formation, Permian Basin, Texas
Authors: Simabrata Hanaga , Jobe Zane R. , Hou Pengfei , Wood Lesli J. , Kus Kaci , Hurd Gregory 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMass‐transport complexes undergo fabric modification during emplacement that results in the alignment of elongated grains. Grain‐fabric alignments promote mechanical and petrophysical anisotropy, which has broad implications for hydrocarbon extraction, carbon sequestration and geohazard assessment. These implications are likely more pronounced in mass‐transport complexes with carbonate components, where the proportion of elongated grains can be much higher as compared to siliciclastic mass‐transport complexes. However, the characteristics of grain‐fabric alignments in mass‐transport complexes are poorly understood. This study inspects the predictive properties of grain‐fabric alignments that include three‐dimensional orientation, fine‐scale heterogeneity, as well as the control of grain lengths and clay‐mineral abundance. The mixed carbonate–siliciclastic mass‐transport complex of the Cutoff Formation contains prolific spicule bioclasts (prolate‐shaped), which enabled qualitative and quantitative grain‐fabric analysis. Investigation of over 29 000 spicule bioclasts from oriented thin sections indicates that: (i) the long‐axes of elongated grains rest on the plane of lamination, which can be parallel or tilted/folded with respect to bedding; (ii) the long‐axes are transverse to palaeotransport direction; (iii) the homogeneity of alignment (termed here ‘H‐index’) of elongated grains are variable across samples, as well as locally within the same sample; (iv) H‐index increases with greater grain lengths (approximately constant aspect ratio) and with the presence of clay minerals; and (v) H‐index is likely controlled by differential stress and/or variation in microstructure types. These results improve current understanding and predictability of grain‐fabric alignments and deformation in mass‐transport complexes, as well as the associated mechanical and permeability anisotropy.
Dynamic Analysis of Aortic Flows: Transient Response of Flow-Compliance and Flow-Resistance When Subjected to Sinusoidal Variations of Input Pressure
Authors: Nisar Syed Anas , Banerjee Debjyoti 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The dynamic response of the ascending aorta to sinusoidal pressure inputs using the hyperelastic Mooney–Rivlin model was explored in this study. Flow capacitance models were deployed to estimate the capacity of the aorta by predicting the change in blood volume as a function of the pressure variation. The results gleaned from this study are crucial for understanding the cardiovascular malfunction. The numerical predictions obtained from the hyperelastic model were validated using results in the literature. The numerical model was formulated using nonlinear stress–strain characteristics of aortic tissues, and this strategy provides sufficient accuracy for predicting the response of the aorta to pressure variations (that mirror natural heart rhythms). The results from this study demonstrate the essential role of the aorta in mitigating the effects of pulsatile blood flow, thereby protecting the vascular system from significant pressure spikes by acting as a damper that leverages flow capacitance effects. By emphasizing the need to integrate realistic, patient-specific bio-mechanical properties into simulation models, the results obtained from this study set the stage for advancing diagnostic, therapeutic, and management strategies in cardiovascular therapy. These models can be refined extensively using actual patient data and can provide a platform for future exploration by integrating them into clinical diagnostic systems, which in turn, can improve therapeutic outcomes for cardiovascular patients.
Nonlinearity Measure for Nonlinear Dynamic Systems Using a Multi-Model Framework
Authors: Ahmadi Mahdi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article is concerned with the assessment of nonlinearity in nonlinear dynamic systems to determine the feasibility of controlling a nonlinear system with either a single linear controller or a multi-model controller. The nonlinear system is decomposed into a bank of linear models, resulting in exploiting the gap metric and the maximum stability margin value of these linear models to introduce two key attributes. The first attribute, termed “slavery quality,” quantifies the behavior of the linear models by examining the feasibility of stabilizing each linear model through the use of other local controllers. In contrast, the second attribute, referred to as “mastery quality,” assesses the ability of each local controller to stabilize the linear systems. The collaboration of the mastery and the slavery qualities not only facilitates assessing the nonlinearity degree of a nonlinear system but also supports the selection of nominal linear models. Three nonlinear systems with different characteristics are investigated. The simulations validate the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed method in understanding the adequacy of a single linear controller or a multi-model controller for a given nonlinear system.
DGEN Aeropropulsion Research Turbofan Core/Combustor-Noise Measurements—Source Separation
Authors: Hultgren Lennart , Boyle Devin / K , Henderson Brenda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Acoustic data obtained using a small turbofan engine are further analyzed to improve the understanding of core/combustor noise. The relative impact of this propulsion-noise source for civilian-transport aircraft on airport community noise is expected to significantly increase in the future. Simultaneous high-data-rate acoustic measurements acquired using a circumferential infinite-tube-probe array at the core-nozzle exit in conjunction with a farfield microphone array are processed. The test matrix contains engine operational points from idle to the engine-maximum setting, with measurements repeated for different circumferential array configurations, as well as for redundancy. The combustor-noise contribution to the farfield noise signature is obtained using an advanced source separation method that correlates the farfield microphone measurements with a modal decomposition of the unsteady pressure field at the core-nozzle exit. The advantages of the present approach compared to the classical two-signal source-separation method are discussed.
Computational Study on SPL and DPL Bio-heat Models of Heat Transfer in Irregular Tumors during Magnetic Nanoparticles Hyperthermia
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Meena Bhagya Shree 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The ability to accurately predict and control the tissue temperature distribution profile is critical to the success of hyperthermia treatment. Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia is a subclass of hyperthermia treatment that can selectively heat a tumor without damaging the surrounding healthy tissues. Living tissues are highly non-homogeneous, and non-Fourier thermal behavior is observed experimentally in tissues. The two-dimensional single phase lag and dual phase lag models with non-Fourier boundary conditions have been considered to investigate the temperature profile in biological tissues during hyperthermia treatment. Arbitrary-shaped and circular-shaped tumor tissue domains surrounded by healthy circular tissue are considered for simulation. We obtain the numerical solution for the models by combining Gaussian RBFs and shifted Chebyshev polynomials for the spatial and temporal directions, respectively. The impacts of phase lag times τq, τT and heat source parameters (H0, ϕ, f) on thermal responses in tumors are investigated. The analysis shows that tumor domains are heated without causing much harm to the healthy tissue domain.
Adjuster Absorber Rods Return To Service At Plngs
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Jaswin , Deveaux Dominique , Mullin Derek , Usalp Can , Sun Liqun , Sharpe Jason , Rouben Daniel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The original CANDU® 600 design utilizes adjuster absorber rods to flatten the flux shape in the reactor core optimize power output, compensate for fuel burnup, provide excess reactivity to overcome 135Xe buildup following a power reduction, and allow for reactivity shim. At Point Lepreau Nuclear Generating Station (PLNGS) in 1999, adjuster absorber banks 6 and 7 were locked in the reactor core and removed from service. Later in 2019 adjuster absorber banks 1 through 5 were placed on manual. Since then, a significant program was put in place to restore adjuster banks 1 through 6 to service, which was successfully completed in October 2023. Adjuster absorber bank 7 remains locked in-core. This paper summarizes the rationale for removing the PLNGS adjuster absorbers from service, the effort required for their restoration, applicable lessons learned, and next steps.
Lateral and Transverse Stiffness Requirements for Supports of Pipeline Systems Conveying Fluids
Authors: Attia Saher/Salama , Mohareb Magdi , Botros Kamal K. , Adeeb Samer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Elevated pipelines systems are commonly supported by flexible steel frames at regular intervals. During operation, these systems can be subjected to sources of harmonic excitations. In order to control the vibration response for such systems, designers may target a threshold minimum fundamental natural frequency for the system. Within this context, the study first shows that, within the ranges of straight pipelines geometries commonly used in the oil and gas industry, the fluid mass and stiffness of the intermediate flexible supports significantly impact the fundamental natural frequency of the system, while fluid velocity within the practical range of the oil and gas industry, temperature differential between the installation and operating temperatures, and pipe self-weight are less important or negligible. The study further extends the analysis to non-straight piping systems with L-Shape and S-Shape configurations. In conclusion, design formulas are proposed to estimate the required lateral and transverse stiffnesses for the supporting systems to attain a specified fundamental natural frequency for straight and curved pipelines. Natural frequency comparisons with finite element solutions show the validity of the proposed design formulas.
Transient Mechanics: A Perspective on Bioresorbable Electronics
Authors: Liu Pei , Lee Chihtong , Carusetta Nicole , Avila Raudel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Materials, devices, and systems with the ability to physically disappear create unique opportunities for vanishing electronic technologies in biomedicine. Their transient response, achieved by resorption, degradation, and disintegration, can be carefully programmed through material selection and mechanical design to last from days to weeks when exposed to physiological environments. In this perspective, we examine the mechanics functionality of transient electronics and their diverse applications ranging from compact medical implants to zero-waste environmental hardware. Using a question–answer structure, we highlight the important role of temporary, yet stable, properties for mechanical, electrical, and chemical disintegration over controlled operational lifetimes. Mechanics and electromagnetic strategies are discussed to devise new classes of bioresorbable electronics for the unconventional biomedicine opportunities that can be achieved by vanishing electronic technologies.
Rehabilitation and Implementation of a Continuum for Return to Sport in an Amateur Basketball Player With Subtalar Dislocation: A Case Report
Authors: Soliño Santiago , Fabani Franco , Bossio Tomás , López Joaquín , Cruz Porollan Juan 
Published: February 2025

Context: Subtalar dislocation is a rare but severe condition that usually requires emergency attention and could be associated with secondary injuries. Most of the research about this injury is case reports focused on the medical management, so there are no guidelines for rehabilitation and return to sport (RTS). This case report describes the rehabilitation and RTS in an amateur basketball player with an isolated medial subtalar dislocation on his right foot. Case Presentation: A 20-year-old amateur basketball player suffered a forced foot inversion after landing on an opponent’s foot. The patient was taken to the emergency department for a closed reduction under anesthesia, followed by 2 weeks in a cast and 3 weeks in a walker boot. Management and Outcomes: Rehabilitation started after the immobilization period with the main objective of returning to the same level of competition. It was organized through a 4 phase continuum with a stepwise approach. After 16 weeks since injury, the patient returned to team training. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report to inform on rehabilitation and RTS of medial subtalar dislocation. The 4 phases continuum model could be useful for clinicians for safe progression in this rare condition.