bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of Pentacam in the Assessment of True Exfoliation of the Lens Capsule
Authors: Chamney Sarah M , Hughes Marie E , Sinton Janet E 
Published: February 2015

Purpose To highlight the use of Pentacam in the identification of true exfoliation of the lens capsule. Methods A 72-year-old woman presented for assessment of bilateral cataracts. An unusual appearance was noted in the right eye. A scrolled membrane was seen floating in the anterior chamber. Results Imaging with Pentacam showed its origin to be from the anterior lens capsule, suggesting the diagnosis of true exfoliation of the lens capsule. The patient went on to have uncomplicated cataract surgery and the lens capsule was sent for histopathology. Conclusions This case highlights the use of anterior segment imaging, the classic histopathology findings, and the management of cataract surgery in these rare cases.
Investigation of Phacoemulsification on Exfoliation Syndrome Combined Cataract with Different Nuclear Hardness
Authors: Jiang Yongxiang , Zhang Fan , Gao Wei , Tuerhongjiang Maimaiti , Lu Yi 
Published: February 2015

Purpose We investigated the clinical staging and management of cataracts to decrease the incidence of complications of phacoemulsification and improve the postoperative visual function of patients with exfoliation syndrome (XFS) with cataract. Methods Cataracts with XFS were divided into early, middle, and late stages using the Emery-Little lens opacities classification system. Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were performed in all eyes. The incidences of intraoperative and early postoperative complications of phacoemulsification were compared, and differences in the outcomes of phacoemulsification were evaluated. Results There were 23, 31, and 34 eyes with early-, middle- and late-stage XFS, respectively. The mean ultrasound time, cumulative dissipated energy, and incidence of moderate to severe corneal edema and wound burn in the late-stage group were significantly higher than in the early- and middle-stage groups (p<0.05). The incidence of zonular dehiscence, capsular rupture, vitreous loss, and iritis were not significant among the 3 groups (p>0.05). Intraocular pressure rise in the early postoperative period and the level of optic atrophy in the late-stage group were significantly higher than in the other 2 groups (p<0.05). The gain in visual acuity in the early- and middle-stage groups after surgery was better than in the late-stage group of XFS, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions The clinical staging of cataract with XFS contributed to the choice of operation time and its management. Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation in early- and middle-stage XFS induced fewer complications and led to better recovery of visual function after surgery.
Is a Ceramic-on-Ceramic Bearing Really Superior to Ceramic-on-Polyethylene for Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Si Hai-bo , Zeng Yi , Cao Fei , Pei Fu-xing , Shen Bin 
Published: February 2015

Introduction The outcomes of using a ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) vs ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP) bearing surface for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) are much debated. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to compare and evaluate the outcomes of these 2 bearing surfaces. Materials and Methods Electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, CENTRAL, Embase and Web of Science) were systematically searched for RCTs investigating the association between bearing surfaces and outcomes following primary THA. Two investigators independently reviewed studies for eligibility, assessed the risk of bias, extracted and analysed the data. Results In total, 13 RCTs including a total of 2,488 THAs were identified. The Harris Hip Score appeared to be similar between CoC and CoP THAs. The acetabular liner wear rate was lower in CoC than CoP THA, but the meta-analysis showed that the incidence of component-related noise and overall ceramic fracture in CoC group were 14.73 times and 6.02 times higher than CoP THA, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in rates of radiolucent line formation (>1 mm), osteolysis, loosening, revision with follow-up ≥ 5 years, intraoperative femoral fracture, dislocation, deep infection, deep venous thrombosis and leg length discrepancy between CoC and CoP THAs. Conclusions There appears to be no clear evidence favouring the use of either a CoC or CoP bearing surfaces in primary THA, further studies with high-quality and longer term follow-up to provide more evidence on this topic are still required.
Les facteurs cognitifs de l’objectivation du territoire : relations épistémiques et représentations dans la gestion de l’eau en Camargue
Authors: Allouche Aurélien 
Published: February 2015

Cet article aborde la problématique du territoire selon une perspective émergente en sociologie, l’étude des dimensions cognitives et épistémiques de la gouvernance et de la démocratie participative. Il se concentre sur le travail collectif d’objectivation du territoire rendu nécessaire par sa gestion collective pour interroger l’intégration des représentations des habitants et des savoirs profanes au processus de décision. En considérant les propriétés épistémiques et cognitives de l’objectivation, l’auteur identifie deux processus limitant l’intégration des connaissances profanes et des représentations locales à la définition du territoire de projet : la dynamique des relations épistémiques et les modalités d’apprentissage organisationnel sous forme de règle de gestion. L’article prend pour cas d’étude la gestion collective de l’eau en Camargue (France, Bouches-du-Rhône) et s’appuie sur l’observation sociologique d’une commission participative réalisée de 2009 à 2012.
Gouverner la complexité? Étude du paysage comme expérience de gouvernance pour les acteurs publics locaux (Blois, Nevers, France)
Authors: Voisin Lolita 
Published: February 2015

Cet article propose d’interroger les processus de construction d’une action publique territorialisée. À partir du cas de trois villes moyennes françaises, l’article souligne la mobilisation d’un sujet particulier par les acteurs publics locaux : le paysage. Pourquoi et comment le paysage est-il mobilisé? En observant les pratiques et les discours des acteurs, c’est l’organisation territoriale en construction qui apparaît en filigrane, notamment à travers les communautés d’agglomération. L’article se propose d’ouvrir de nouveaux questionnements concernant la capacité du paysage à gouverner la complexité des phénomènes spatiaux contemporains et des attentes sociales et politiques démultipliées.
Active and latent tuberculosis among HIV‐positive injecting drug users in Indonesia
Authors: Meijerink Hinta , Wisaksana Rudi , Lestari Mery , Meilana Intan , Chaidir Lydia , van der Ven Andre JAM , Alisjahbana Bachti , van Crevel Reinout 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionInjecting drug use (IDU) is associated with tuberculosis but few data are available from low‐income settings. We examined IDU in relation to active and latent tuberculosis (LTBI) among HIV‐positive individuals in Indonesia, which has a high burden of tuberculosis and a rapidly growing HIV epidemic strongly driven by IDU.MethodsActive tuberculosis was measured prospectively among 1900 consecutive antiretroviral treatment (ART)‐naïve adult patients entering care in a clinic in West Java. Prevalence of LTBI was determined cross‐sectionally in a subset of 518 ART‐experienced patients using an interferon‐gamma release assay.ResultsPatients with a history of IDU (53.1%) more often reported a history of tuberculosis treatment (34.8% vs. 21.9%, p<0.001), more often received tuberculosis treatment during follow‐up (adjusted HR=1.71; 95% CI: 1.25–2.35) and more often had bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis (OR=1.67; 95% CI: 0.94–2.96). LTBI was equally prevalent among people with and without a history of IDU (29.1 vs. 30.4%, NS). The risk estimates did not change after adjustment for CD4 cell count or ART.ConclusionsHIV‐positive individuals with a history of IDU in Indonesia have more active tuberculosis, with similar rates of LTBI. Within the HIV clinic, LTBI screening and isoniazid preventive therapy may be prioritized to patients with a history of IDU.
Transient response of Salix cuttings to changing water level regimes
Authors: Gorla L. , Signarbieux C. , Turberg P. , Buttler A. , Perona P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSustainable water management requires an understanding of the effects of flow regulation on riparian ecomorphological processes. We investigated the transient response of Salix viminalis by examining the effect of water‐level regimes on its above‐ground and below‐ground biomass. Four sets of Salix cuttings, three juveniles (in the first growing season) and one mature (1 year old), were planted and initially grown under the same water‐level regime for 1 month. We imposed three different water‐level regime treatments representing natural variability, a seasonal trend with no peaks, and minimal flow (characteristic of hydropower) consisting of a constant water level and natural flood peaks. We measured sap flux, stem water potential, photosynthesis, growth parameters, and final root architecture. The mature cuttings were not affected by water table dynamics, but the juveniles displayed causal relationships between the changing water regime, plant growth, and root distribution during a 2 month transient period. For example, a 50% drop in mean sap flux corresponded with a −1.5 Mpa decrease in leaf water potential during the first day after the water regime was changed. In agreement with published field observations, the cuttings concentrated their roots close to the mean water table of the corresponding treatment, allowing survival under altered conditions and resilience to successive stress events. Juvenile development was strongly impacted by the minimum flow regime, leading to more than 60% reduction of both above‐ground and below‐ground biomass, with respect to the other treatments. Hence, we suggest avoiding minimum flow regimes where Salix restoration is prioritized.
Ruthenium as a Single Catalyst for Two Steps: One‐Pot Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Dihydroquinazolinones and Cross‐Coupling/Annulation to give N‐Fused Polycyclic Heteroarenes
Authors: Lingayya Rajaka , Vellakkaran Mari , Nagaiah Kommu , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOne single catalyst, [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2, was used for oxidative dehydrogenation followed by cross‐coupling/annulation reactions to access diversely decorated N‐fused polycyclic heteroarenes from dihydroquinazolinones and alkynes. This one‐pot method does not require purification of intermediates or addition of copper salts. The synergistic use of molecular oxygen as the oxidant highlights the sustainable aspect of this method.
The Role of the Detergent Micelle in Preserving the Structure of Membrane Proteins in the Gas Phase
Authors: Reading Eamonn , Liko Idlir , Allison Timothy M. , Benesch Justin L. P. , Laganowsky Arthur , Robinson Carol V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDespite the growing importance of the mass spectrometry of membrane proteins, it is not known how their transfer from solution into vacuum affects their stability and structure. To address this we have carried out a systematic investigation of ten membrane proteins solubilized in different detergents and used mass spectrometry to gain physicochemical insight into the mechanism of their ionization and desolvation. We show that the chemical properties of the detergents mediate the charge state, both during ionization and detergent removal. Using ion mobility mass spectrometry, we monitor the conformations of membrane proteins and show how the surface charge density dictates the stability of folded states. We conclude that the gas‐phase stability of membrane proteins is increased when a greater proportion of their surface is lipophilic and is consequently protected by the physical presence of the micelle.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed Remote β‐CH Functionalization of Amines Triggered by Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes: One‐Pot Synthesis of Bistrifluoromethylated Enamides and Oxazoles
Authors: Yu Peng , Zheng Sheng‐Cai , Yang Ning‐Yuan , Tan Bin , Liu Xin‐Yuan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAn unprecedented phosphine‐catalyzed remote β‐CH functionalization of amine derivatives triggered by trifluoromethylation of an alkene with Togni’s reagent was disclosed. This reaction proceeded through the highly selective and concomitant activation of an unactivated alkene and the β‐CH bond of an amine derivative, providing bistrifluoromethylated enamides in excellent yields with good regio‐, chemo‐, and stereoselectivity. Furthermore, the newly developed one‐pot protocol provides a facile and step‐economical access to valuable trisubstituted 5‐(trifluoromethyl)oxazoles. Mechanistic studies showed that this reaction may initiate with a novel phosphine‐catalyzed radical trifluoromethylation of unactivated alkene via a phosphorus radical cation.
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed α′‐Functionalization of Silylenol Ethers with Indoles
Authors: Ayala Caitlan E. , Dange Nitin S. , Fronczek Frank R. , Kartika Rendy 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA new method which enables carbon–carbon bond formation at the α′‐position of silylenol ethers by using catalytic amounts of pyridinium triflate is reported. This chemistry successfully produces, structurally challenging, highly substituted indole‐containing silylenol ethers in excellent yields with complete regiocontrol, presumably through silyloxyallyl cation intermediates. Despite the use of Brønsted acid, the silylenol ether moiety does not undergo protodesilylation, thus underscoring the very mild reaction conditions.
Regioselective Pd‐Catalyzed Methoxycarbonylation of Alkenes Using both Paraformaldehyde and Methanol as CO Surrogates
Authors: Liu Qiang , Yuan Kedong , Arockiam Percia‐Beatrice , Franke Robert , Doucet Henri , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn recent years, considerable effort has focused on the development of novel carbonylative transformations using CO surrogates. Consequently, toxic CO gas can be replaced by more convenient inorganic or organic carbonyl compounds. Herein, the first regioselective methoxycarbonylation of alkenes with paraformaldehyde and methanol as CO substitutes is reported. This new procedure is applicable to a series of alkenes in the presence of a palladium catalyst under relatively mild conditions and is highly atom efficient.
Free‐Standing Gold‐Nanoparticle Monolayer Film Fabricated by Protein Self‐Assembly of α‐Synuclein
Authors: Lee Junghee , Bhak Ghibom , Lee Ji‐Hye , Park Woohyun , Lee Minwoo , Lee Daekyun , Jeon Noo Li , Jeong Dae H. , Char Kookheon , Paik Seung R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFree‐standing nanoparticle films are of great importance for developing future nano‐electronic devices. We introduce a protein‐based fabrication strategy of free‐standing nanoparticle monolayer films. α‐Synuclein, an amyloidogenic protein, was utilized to yield a tightly packed gold‐nanoparticle monolayer film interconnected by protein β‐sheet interactions. Owing to the stable protein–protein interaction, the film was successfully expanded to a 4‐inch diameter sheet, which has not been achieved with any other free‐standing nanoparticle monolayers. The film was flexible in solution, so it formed a conformal contact, surrounding even microspheres. Additionally, the monolayer film was readily patterned at micrometer‐scale and thus unprecedented double‐component nanoparticle films were fabricated. Therefore, the free‐floating gold‐nanoparticle monolayer sheets with these properties could make the film useful for the development of bio‐integrated nano‐devices and high‐performance sensors.
Antibacterial functionalization of cotton fabrics by electric‐beam irradiation
Authors: Liu Yin , Jiang Zhiming , Li Jing , Liu Ying , Ren Xuehong , Huang Tung‐Shi 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAn N‐halamine precursor monomer, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl acrylate (TMPA), was synthesized and successfully grafted onto cotton fibers via an impregnation process (IP) and electron‐beam irradiation (EB). The grafted cotton fibers could provide antibacterial efficacy after chlorination through a dilute sodium hypochlorite solution. The antibacterial efficacy was challenged against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The cotton fibers grafted with TMPA and acrylic acid by EB inactivated all of the bacteria within 30 min of contact, whereas the samples grafted with TMPA via an IP could not completely kill the bacteria with 60 min. The breaking strength and UVA light stability also improved significantly. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42023.
Early Knee Osteoarthritis Is Evident One Year Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation
Authors: Culvenor Adam G. , Collins Natalie J. , Guermazi Ali , Cook Jill L. , Vicenzino Bill , Khan Karim M. , Beck Naomi , van Leeuwen Janneke , Crossley Kay M. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and factors associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA) defined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and specific OA features on MRI 1 year after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).MethodsIsotropic 3.0T MRI scans were obtained for 111 participants (71 men; mean ± SD age 30 ± 8 years) 1 year after ACLR as well as for 20 age‐, sex‐, and activity level–matched uninjured controls. The MRI OA Knee Score was used to score specific OA features. MRI‐defined tibiofemoral and patellofemoral OA was evaluated based on published criteria. Logistic regression identified factors associated with MRI‐defined OA and specific OA features after ACLR.ResultsFollowing ACLR, medial and lateral tibiofemoral OA on MRI was observed in 7 participants (6%) and 12 participants (11%), respectively, while 19 participants (17%) had patellofemoral OA on MRI. The femoral trochlea was the region most affected by bone marrow lesions (19% of participants), cartilage lesions (31% of participants), and osteophytes (37% of participants). Meniscectomy at the time of ACLR (odds ratio 6.8 [95% confidence interval 2.0–23.3]) and body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2 (odds ratio 3.0 [95% confidence interval 1.3–6.9]) predicted MRI‐defined tibiofemoral OA and osteophytes, respectively. Men had higher odds of patellofemoral osteophytes (odds ratio 6.3 [95% confidence interval 2.4–16.2]). No uninjured controls had tibiofemoral or patellofemoral OA on MRI, and specific OA features were uncommon.ConclusionOA 1 year following ACLR was more common than previously recognized, while being absent in uninjured control knees. The patellofemoral compartment seems to be at particular risk for early OA after ACLR, especially in men. The association with meniscectomy and BMI demonstrates the construct validity of MRI criteria.
Rapid method for the quantification of hydroquinone concentration: chemiluminescent analysis
Authors: Chen Tung‐Sheng , Liou Show‐Yih , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Wu Hsi‐Chin , Jong Gwo‐Ping , Wang Hsueh‐Fang , Shen Chia‐Yao , Padma V. Vijaya , Huang Chih‐Yang , Chang Yen‐Lin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTopical hydroquinone serves as a skin whitener and is usually available in cosmetics or on prescription based on the hydroquinone concentration. Quantification of hydroquinone content therefore becomes an important issue in topical agents. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the commonest method for determining hydroquinone content in topical agents, but this method is time‐consuming and uses many solvents that can become an environmental issue. We report a rapid method for quantifying hydroquinone content by chemiluminescent analysis. Hydroquinone induces the production of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of basic compounds. Hydrogen peroxide induced by hydroquinone oxidized light‐emitting materials such as lucigenin, resulted in the production of ultra‐weak chemiluminescence that was detected by a chemiluminescence analyzer. The intensity of the chemiluminescence was found to be proportional to the hydroquinone concentration. We suggest that the rapid (measurement time, 60 s) and virtually solvent‐free (solvent volume, <2 mL) chemiluminescent method described here for quantifying hydroquinone content may be an alternative to HPLC analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Luminescence properties of green‐emitting Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ phosphor by a solid‐state reaction method
Authors: Sahu Ishwar Prasad , Bisen D. P. , Brahme Nameeta 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA europium (Eu)‐doped di‐calcium magnesium di‐silicate phosphor, Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, was prepared using a solid‐state reaction method. The phase structure, particle size, surface morphology, elemental analysis, different stretching mode and luminescence properties were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and mechanoluminescence (ML). The phase structure of Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ was an akermanite‐type structure, which belongs to the tetragonal crystallography with space group P4̅21m; this structure is a member of the melilite group and forms a layered compound. The surface of the prepared phosphor was not found to be uniform and particle distribution was in the nanometer range. EDX and FTIR confirm the components of Eu2+‐doped Ca2MgSi2O7 phosphor. Under UV excitation, the main emission peak appeared at 530 nm, belonging to the broad emission ascribed to the 4f65d1→4f7 transition of Eu2+. The ML intensity of the prepared phosphor increased linearly with increasing impact velocity. A CIE color chromaticity diagram and ML spectrum confirmed that the prepared Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ phosphor would emit green color and the ML spectrum was similar to that of PL, which indicated that ML is emitted from the same center of Eu2+ ions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional outcome of autologous anorectal transplantation in an experimental model
Authors: Seid V E , Galvão F H F , Vaidya A , Waisberg D R , Cruz R J , Chaib E , Nahas S C , Araujo S E A , D'Albuquerque L A C , Araki J 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background
Although anorectal transplantation is a challenging procedure, it is a promising option for patients who have completely lost anorectal function or in whom it failed to develop, as in congenital malformations. The paucity of animal models with which to test functional outcomes was addressed in this study of anorectal manometry in rats.

Methods
Wistar rats were assigned randomly to four groups: orthotopic anorectal transplantation, heterotopic transplantation, sham operation, or normal control. Bodyweight and anal pressure were measured immediately before and after operation, and on postoperative days 7 and 14. ANOVA and Tukey's test were used to compare results for bodyweight, anal manometry and length of procedure.

Results
Immediately after the procedure, mean(s.d.) anal pressure in the orthotopic group (n = 13) dropped from 31·4(13·1) to 1·6(13·1) cmH2O (P &lt; 0·001 versus both sham operation (n = 13) and normal control (n = 15)), with partial recovery on postoperative day 7 (14·9(13·9) cmH2O) (P = 0·009 versus normal control) and complete recovery on day 14 (23·7(12·2) cmH2O). Heterotopic rats (n = 14) demonstrated partial functional recovery: mean(s.d.) anal pressure was 26·9(10·9) cmH2O before operation and 8·6(6·8) cmH2O on postoperative day 14 (P &lt; 0·001 versus both sham and normal control).

Conclusion
Orthotopic anorectal transplantation may result in better functional outcomes than heterotopic procedures.