bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of heuristic and model-based clustering methods for dietary pattern analysis
Authors: Greve Benjamin , Pigeot Iris , Huybrechts Inge , Pala Valeria , Börnhorst Claudia 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveCluster analysis is widely applied to identify dietary patterns. A new method based on Gaussian mixture models (GMM) seems to be more flexible compared with the commonly appliedk-means and Ward’s method. In the present paper, these clustering approaches are compared to find the most appropriate one for clustering dietary data.DesignThe clustering methods were applied to simulated data sets with different cluster structures to compare their performance knowing the true cluster membership of observations. Furthermore, the three methods were applied to FFQ data assessed in 1791 children participating in the IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants) Study to explore their performance in practice.ResultsThe GMM outperformed the other methods in the simulation study in 72 % up to 100 % of cases, depending on the simulated cluster structure. Comparing the computationally less complexk-means and Ward’s methods, the performance ofk-means was better in 64–100 % of cases. Applied to real data, all methods identified three similar dietary patterns which may be roughly characterized as a ‘non-processed’ cluster with a high consumption of fruits, vegetables and wholemeal bread, a ‘balanced’ cluster with only slight preferences of single foods and a ‘junk food’ cluster.ConclusionsThe simulation study suggests that clustering via GMM should be preferred due to its higher flexibility regarding cluster volume, shape and orientation. Thek-means seems to be a good alternative, being easier to use while giving similar results when applied to real data.
Asset management in public DB and non-DB Pension Plans
Authors: FARRELL JAMES , SHOAG DANIEL 
Published: January 2015

AbstractState and local pension plans are increasingly moving from the traditional defined benefit (DB) model to non-DB models that generally allow for participant-directed investment. This shift has important implications for the management of the more than US$3 trillion in assets held to finance public employee retirement benefits. To investigate these implications, we introduce new data from a nationwide survey of public DB and non-DB plans and a unique data set on thousands of individual investors in the state of Florida's defined contribution (DC) plan. Using these sources, we explore how participant involvement in the public sector affects the distribution of asset class allocations, management fees, investment outcomes, and portfolio rebalancing at both the individual and aggregate levels. We found that there is little difference between the DB and non-DB plans in terms of asset mix, returns, and fees, except that DB plan have greater access and allocations to alternative investments. We also found that while the average individual DC plan participant allocated their asset similarly to the DB plan, black females and older white males, on average, invested on opposite tails of the risk spectrum.
Erratum: Viruses accumulate in aging infection centers of a fungal forest pathogen
Authors: Vainio Eeva J , Müller Michael M , Korhonen Kari , Piri Tuula , Hantula Jarkko 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2014) 9, 497–507; doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.145; published online 15 August 2014 Since the publication of this article, the authors have identified an error in the acknowledgements section of their paper, namely that the following decision numbers were omitted from the funding organization: Academy of Finland (decision numbers 251193 and 258520).
Erratum: Elevated nitrate enriches microbial functional genes for potential bioremediation of complexly contaminated sediments
Authors: Xu Meiying , Zhang Qin , Xia Chunyu , Zhong Yuming , Sun Guoping , Guo Jun , Yuan Tong , Zhou Jizhong , He Zhili 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2014) 8, 1932–1944; doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.42; published online 27 March 2014 Since the publication of this article, the authors have identified an error in the Acknowledgements section. The correct acknowledgements are as follows:
Dynamic properties of excitons in ZnO/AlGaN/GaN hybrid nanostructures
Authors: Forsberg Mathias , Hemmingsson Carl , Amano Hiroshi , Pozina Galia 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHybrid samples based on ZnO colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) deposited on AlGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) structures with different top barrier thickness d = 3, 6 and 9 nm are studied by time-resolved photoluminescence. Thermal behavior of the QW exciton lifetime in the hybrids and in the bare QW structures has been compared and it has been found that the QW exciton recombination rate increases in the hybrid having d = 3 nm and decreases in the hybrid with d = 6 nm, while no change has been observed for the structure with d = 9 nm. It is suggested that non-radiative resonance energy transfer from the QW excitons to the ZnO NCs and a variation of the surface potential can both influence the QW exciton lifetime in the hybrids.
Fabrication of nanochannels using underexposed nanoimprint method
Authors: Wang Zhiwen , Chu Jinkui , Wang Qianyi , Zhang Ran , Cui Yan 
Published: January 2015

Uniform arrays of nanochannels were made using an underexposed nanoimprint method. The nanotrenches were bended uniformly, and the degree of the collapse was controlled by the exposure time. After deposition of the sealing material, nanochannels with a dimension of 100 nm were successfully fabricated. The blocking problem was solved by adjusting the parameters of the gratings. The proposed fabrication technique can be very helpful in micro‐/nanoanalysis systems.
Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Nebulized Iloprost via the I‐Neb Adaptive Aerosol Delivery System in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Richter Manuel J. , Ghofrani Hossein A. , Voswinckel Robert , Seeger Werner , Schulz Richard , Reichenberger Frank , Gall Henning 
Published: January 2015

Inhaled iloprost has proven to be an effective therapy in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the acute hemodynamic effect of nebulized iloprost delivered via the I‐neb Adaptive Aerosol Delivery (AAD) system remains unclear and needs to be assessed. In this study, 126 patients with PH were classified according to current guidelines (59, 34, 29, and 4 patients in groups 1/1′, 3, 4, and 5, respectively; 20 patients had idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension [iPAH]), were randomly assigned to inhale iloprost 2.5 μg (n = 67) or 5.0 μg (n = 59) via the I‐neb AAD system, and were assessed by right heart catheterization. In seven patients with iPAH, iloprost plasma levels were measured. The two iloprost doses caused decreases from baseline in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR; 2.5 μg: −14.7%; 5.0 μg: −15.6%) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP; 2.5 μg: −11.0%; 5.0 μg: −10.1%) while cardiac index (CI) increased (2.5 μg: +6.5%; 5.0 μg: +6.4%). The subset with iPAH also showed decreases from baseline in PVR and mPAP and an increase in CI. Peak iloprost plasma levels showed no significant difference after inhalation of 2.5 μg or 5.0 μg iloprost (95.5 pg/mL vs. 73.0 pg/mL; P = 0.06). In summary, nebulized iloprost delivered via the I‐neb AAD system reduced mPAP and PVR and increased CI from baseline in a heterogeneous group of patients with PH and in the subset with iPAH. In patients with iPAH, inhalation of 2.5 μg or 5.0 μg iloprost resulted in broadly similar peak iloprost plasma levels.
Association Between Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels and Blood Pressure Among Adolescents in Two Resource-Limited Settings in Peru
Authors: Tomaino Katherine , Romero Karina M. , Robinson Colin L. , Baumann Lauren M. , Hansel Nadia N. , Pollard Suzanne L. , Gilman Robert H. , Mougey Edward , Lima John J. , Checkley William ,   PURA study investigators
Published: January 2015

INTRODUCTION
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) deficiency (&lt;50 nmol/l or 20ng/ml) has been associated with increased blood pressure (BP) in observational studies. A paucity of data on this relationship is available in Latin American or child populations. This study investigates the association between 25OHD levels and BP in adolescents at risk for vitamin D deficiency in 2 Peruvian settings.

METHODS
In a population-based study of 1,441 Peruvian adolescents aged 13–15 years, 1,074 (75%) provided a serum blood sample for 25OHD analysis and BP measurements. Relationships between 25OHD and BP metrics were assessed using multiple linear regressions, adjusted for anthropometrics and sociodemographic factors.

RESULTS
25OHD deficiency was associated with an elevated diastolic BP (DBP) (1.09mm Hg increase, 95% confidence interval: 0.04 to 2.14; P = 0.04) compared to nondeficient adolescents. Systolic BP (SBP) trended to increase with vitamin D deficiency (1.30mm Hg increase, 95% confidence interval: −0.13 to 2.72; P = 0.08). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was also greater in adolescents with 25OHD (1.16mm Hg increase, 95% confidence interval: 0.10 to 2.22; P = 0.03). SBP was found to demonstrate a U-shaped relationship with 25OHD, while DBP and MAP demonstrated inverse J-shaped relationships with serum 25OHD status. The association between 25OHD deficiency and BP was not different across study sites (all P ≥ 0.19).

DISCUSSION
Adolescents deficient in 25OHD demonstrated increased DBP and MAP and a trend toward increased SBP, when compared to nondeficient subjects. 25OHD deficiency early in life was associated with elevated BP metrics, which may predispose risk of hypertension later in adulthood.
Scottish lobster fisheries and environmental variability
Authors: Lizárraga-Cubedo H. A. , Tuck I. , Bailey N. , Pierce G. J. , Zuur A. F. , Bova D. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Variability in the fluctuations of two Scottish lobster populations, the Hebrides and Southeast, was investigated from available long dataseries of fishery and environmental variables. In a multivariate context, relationships between selected environmental variables and the fishery data were studied at different spatial and temporal (annual, spring, and autumn) scales and from individual and overall sampled fleet. Multivariate techniques such as cross-correlation function, principal components analysis, and redundancy analysis confirmed that the capture of lobsters was strongly influenced by sea surface temperature, windspeed, and sea level pressure throughout the year, and this dependence affected the duration of the fishery. There were evident differences in the patterns of environmental variables for both regions. In the Hebrides, the total variation (42%) of the interaction fishery-environmental variables for spring and autumn fisheries could be attributed to the environmental variables in an 89%. For the Southeast, spring fishery was more affected by changes in the environment, with a total variation of 34%, from which 85% could be explained by the environmental variables tested, than autumn fishery where catches and catch rates may be more affected by the way individual vessel and sampled fleet operate. Two elements were identified, Hebrides and Southeast spring and autumn fisheries. The Hebrides lobster population is strongly influenced by density-independence processes at all spatial scales. The Southeast fishery is also driven by environmental processes, with higher correlations for recruits with differences at small and large spatial scales.
Experimental control of Triatoma infestans in poor rural villages of Bolivia through community participation
Authors: Lardeux Frédéric , Depickère Stéphanie , Aliaga Claudia , Chavez Tamara , Zambrana Lilian 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Background
Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas disease in the southern cone countries. Present control strategies based on indoor and outdoor residual insecticide spraying are not sufficient to control disease transmission, particularly in Bolivia. Techniques based on the management of the human environment may be good alternatives or supplements.

Methods
Social and entomological surveys were carried out in four villages of Bolivia situated in the dry inter-Andean Valleys and the Chaco region. Risk factors for house infestation by T. infestans were identified, and an eco-health intervention based on education and community participation was carried out to reduce the risks of house infestation. It consisted of implementing simple and low cost vector control techniques such as coating of mud walls, cleaning activities and removal of poultry that enter rooms to lay eggs.

Results
The eco-health intervention significantly reduced the number of infested bedrooms, the mean abundance of T. infestans in bedrooms and beds, especially in the Chaco region. Mud wall coating was well accepted and could be proposed as a supplementary tool to the National Program of Chagas Disease Control to enhance the effects of insecticide sprayings.

Conclusions
Even if cleaning activities were still neglected, community participation proved to be effective in reducing house infestation.
Culinary taste and the legitimate cuisines
Authors: Lindblom Taru , Mustonen Pekka 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study a wide range of culinary tastes and their legitimacy in a contemporary urban context. The authors aim at finding out which cuisines are the most popular and to what extent this popularity translates into eating out.

Design/methodology/approach
– Survey data (n=1715) gathered among young adults residing in Helsinki (aged 25-44) measuring preferences and restaurant visits for 19 cuisine types. Measures for expressed legitimacy and actualised legitimacy for all the 19 cuisine types.

Findings
– The most preferred cuisine types are pizza, other Italian fare and traditional Nordic fare, including home cooking. The most visited restaurants by cuisine type are pizza, fast food and Italian. However, the most legitimate (both expressed and actualised) cuisines are Korean, African, fine dining and French. Several dissonances were found between stated likes and actual consumer behaviour. The results suggest that although fast food bears a stigma as socially unacceptable cuisine, it is, nonetheless, very frequently eaten in the restaurants.

Research limitations/implications
– As the data account only for a fraction of the population, limited by both age and region, it would be relevant for future research to investigate this on a larger scale in order to make (inter)nationally representative conclusions.

Originality/value
– A research design taking into account such a wide range of cuisine types has not been presented before.
Engel and Simmel: sharing meals at home in Cyprus
Authors: Jacobson David S. , McMullan Caroline , Minas Christos 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to show the relationship between food as a shared good (or public within the household) in the economic sense, and food as a shared meal in the sociological sense.Design/methodology/approach– Quantitative data derived from a household budget survey (HBS) in Cyprus are used to set up questions to which answers are suggested using the qualitative approach of in-depth interviews.Findings– The main finding is that the relatively high expenditure by elderly couples on food for home consumption may be explained by frequent inter-household, intra-extended family meals in Cyprus.Research limitations/implications– The paper provides evidence that household expenditure on food may not be directly indicative of household consumption of food. Researchers interested in household consumption of food should therefore be aware of the differences between household and extended family and, where extended family continues to be significant, they should be wary of using data from HBSs to analyse food consumption. One limitation is that the results are derived from in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of nine households. It may be appropriate to replicate the study, either in Cyprus or in similar societies where extended family remains significant, at a larger scale.Practical implications– The evidence that household expenditure may not be indicative of household consumption suggests that questions on social context of consumption should be included in HBSs.Originality/value– This paper draws together, for the first time, economic ideas on expenditure on food derived from the quantitative research of Ernst Engel on one hand and implications of the theories of Georg Simmel on the sociology of the meal on the other. The paper shows that some issues arising from quantitative analysis of HBSs cannot be explained using data from that source; this is particularly so where consumption of food is inter-household.
Risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in poultry and beef
Authors: Foerster Claudia , Figueroa Guillermo , Evers Eric 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– A quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) was developed to estimate the probability of getting listeriosis as a consequence of chicken and beef consumption in Chile. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– As a first step a deterministic retail-to-home model was constructed for the Chilean susceptible population, including storage, cross-contamination and cooking. Next, two probabilistic models were developed, including variability and/or the uncertainty of some of the parameters. The probabilistic models were analyzed by Monte Carlo simulations with 100,000 iterations.

Findings
– Of the total susceptible population used in the model (2.81 million people), the deterministic model estimated 11 and two listeriosis cases because of beef and poultry consumption, respectively and the variability model estimated a mean of 322 and 7,546 cases for beef and poultry consumption, respectively. The uncertainty analysis showed large ranges, with realistic estimates made with an initial concentration of Listeria monocytogenes of 0.04-1 CFU/g and a dose-response parameter r ranging from 10-14 to 10-10.

Research limitations/implications
– The lack of information was the major limitation of the model, so the generation of it has to be a priority in Chile for developing less uncertain risk assessments in the future.

Practical implications
– Raw animal products can be the cause of listeriosis cases if they are not stored, cooked and/or handled properly. Consumer education seems to be an essential factor for disease prevention.

Originality/value
– This is the first QMRA made in Chile, and also the first study of listeriosis in non-processed meat.
Schoolinary art: practical cooking skills issues for the future
Authors: Mc Dowell Dawn , McMahon-Beattie Una , Burns Amy 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to consider the importance of structured and consistent practical cookery skills intervention in the 11-14-year age group. This paper reviews the impact and development of statutory and non-statutory cooking skills interventions in the UK and considers limitations in relation to life skills training. Currently practical cooking skills are mainly derived from two sources namely the non-statutory sector (community cooking interventions) and the statutory sector (Home Economics teaching).Design/methodology/approach– The paper compares the two interventions in terms of effective long-term outcomes. Non-statutory cooking interventions are generally lottery funded and therefore tend to be single teaching blocks of, on average, six to eight weeks targeting mostly low-income adults and the literature emphasises a deficit of empirical measurement of the long-term impact. In contrast Home Economics classes offer a structured learning environment across genders and socio-economic groups. In addition it is taught over a substantial time frame to facilitate a process of practical skills development (with relevant theoretical teaching), reflection, group communication and consolidation, where according to current educational theory (Kolb, 1984) learning is more thoroughly embedded with the increased potential for longer term impact.Findings– The review identifies the limitations of too many community initiatives or “project-itis” (Caraher, 2012, p. 10) and instead supports the use of the school curriculum to best maximise the learning of practical cooking skills.Originality/value– This review will be of particular value to educationalists and health policy decision makers.
Private labels
Authors: Calvo Porral Cristina , Lang Mark F 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– In today’s highly competitive consumer marketplace, developing and managing successful private label offerings has become a priority for many retailing companies. The purpose of this paper is to analyze product, retailer, and individual factors from the private label brand that influence consumers’ loyalty and purchase intention; along with the influence of the manufacturer identification on the product package on purchase intention.Design/methodology/approach– A structural equation model is run on a sample of 362 consumers, and a multi-group comparison is developed to study the role of manufacturer identification.Findings– Findings indicate that the influence of private label image and perceived quality on purchase intention are partially mediated by loyalty and moderated by manufacturer identification. Results also reveal that store image and corporate reputation enhance private label image and perceived quality.Originality/value– This study provides useful insights to advance the understanding of private label branding and guidance to retailers who should consider store image and company reputation when designing branding strategies.
Integrating price promotions into the switch of brands model for approximating variety-seeking behaviour
Authors: Meixner Oliver , Knoll Viktoria 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the further development of the previously introduced switch of brand (SB) model (presented in 2012) which helps to approximate variety-seeking behaviour (VSB) out of household panel data.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based on existing theoretical variety-seeking models analysing household panel data, the further expansion of the variety-seeking model “Switch of Brands” (SB) is presented. In the last contribution in the British Food Journal the authors presented this simple but powerful tool to approximate VSB. The further developed model “Switch of Brands – Promotions” (SB

PR
) integrates relevant variables into one theoretical variety-seeking model (number of purchased brands, number of purchases, price promotions, etc.). In particular, price promotions were integrated into the SB model in order to deliver even more realistic approximations of households’ VSB.

Findings
– The explanatory power of the model in view of brand loyalty is tested. The empirical analysis is conducted with scanner household panel data from Austria in three different product categories.

Research limitations/implications
– The data analysis shows that the model has an excellent explanatory power concerning brand loyalty, however, not better than the original SB model.

Practical implications
– The SB

PR
model allows interpretations for marketing purposes and brand management including marketing variables (here: price promotions). The model may be applied in any business field where panel data are available.

Originality/value
– The model delivers a consistent theoretical framework for approximating VSB by means of purchase histories.