bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Identity or National Interest? Scottish, English and Welsh Attitudes to the Constitutional Debate
Authors: Henderson Ailsa , Jeffery Charlie , Liñeira Robert 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article analyses political attitudes to the union in England, Scotland and Wales after the Scottish independence referendum. Using public opinion data, we explore constitutional preferences and perceptions of national grievance, before examining the role that national identity plays in structuring preferences. Our evidence shows that considerable demand exists for nationally demarcated forms of government within the UK, although these constitutional preferences do not translate in support for policy diversity across the UK. We also find evidence that these constitutional preferences relate closely to national identity, but relate also to appeals to national interest.
Ruptures and sutures: time, audience and identity in an illness narrative
Authors: Riessman Catherine Kohler 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFirst‐person accounts of the illnesses experienced by sociologists have taken hybrid experimental forms. I add my voice to this growing tradition with a story about the discovery and treatment of a soft tissue sarcoma in my thigh, chronicled in a journal I kept over many months. The fragments scribbled in the journal became the basis of an extended illness narrative. I interrogate features of the narrative itself, including the handling of time and imagined audiences – those I was writing for. The illness narrative traces how cancer transformed the many identities I enact on a daily basis and how the invisible labour of particular health workers enabled the restoration of several prized identities. These workers – radiation, occupational and physical therapists – are typically subordinated in the medical hierarchy and the interactional work that they do with patients to restore and reconfigure ruptured identities after serious illness needs attention in medical sociology.
Architecture and health care: a place for sociology
Authors: Martin Daryl , Nettleton Sarah , Buse Christina , Prior Lindsay , Twigg Julia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSociologists of health and illness have tended to overlook the architecture and buildings used in health care. This contrasts with medical geographers who have yielded a body of work on the significance of places and spaces in the experience of health and illness. A review of sociological studies of the role of the built environment in the performance of medical practice uncovers an important vein of work, worthy of further study. Through the historically situated example of hospital architecture, this article seeks to tease out substantive and methodological issues that can inform a distinctive sociology of healthcare architecture. Contemporary healthcare buildings manifest design models developed for hotels, shopping malls and homes. These design features are congruent with neoliberal forms of subjectivity in which patients are constituted as consumers and responsibilised citizens. We conclude that an adequate sociology of healthcare architecture necessitates an appreciation of both the construction and experience of buildings, exploring the briefs and plans of their designers, and observing their everyday uses. Combining approaches and methods from the sociology of health and illness and science and technology studies offers potential for a novel research agenda that takes healthcare buildings as its substantive focus.
Modelling of proteolysis in Iranian brined cheese using proteinase‐loaded nanoliposome
Authors: Jahadi Mahshid , Khosravi‐Darani Kianoush , Ehsani Mohammad R , Mozafari Mohammad R , Saboury Ali A , Zoghi Alaleh , Mohammadi Mehrdad 
Published: April 2015

In this study, Flavourzyme was encapsulated in liposomes to accelerate the ripening of Iranian white cheese. Liposomal enzyme was prepared using a modified heating method. The influence of enzyme content, ripening time and curd retention in saturated brine on proteolysis indices and sensory perception was investigated using response surface methodology. The most influential factor on proteolysis indices was ripening time, while the content of liposomal enzyme and retention time were also significant (P < 0.05). The maximum proteolysis indices and highest sensory characteristic scores were achieved by applying 0.3% w/w enzyme, ripening for 30 days and 8‐h curd retention in saturated brine.
Properties of Hemoglobin Decolorized with a Histidine‐Specific Protease
Authors: Shi Jing , de Roos Andre , Schouten Olaf , Zheng Chaoya , Vink Collin , Vonk Brenda , Kliphuis Annette , Schaap Albert , Edens Luppo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study investigated the application of Aspergilloglutamic peptidase (AGP) on porcine hemoglobin decolorization. AGP from fungus Aspergillus niger is identified to possess a high preference towards the histidine residues. As histidine residues in hemoglobin are known to coordinate the heme group within the globin molecule, we therefore hypothesized that incubating hemoglobin with a histidine‐specific protease would efficiently separate the non‐heme peptides from the heme‐enriched peptides with a minimum degree of hydrolysis. AGP‐decolored porcine hemoglobin hydrolysates were assessed on their functional (for example, color, emulsification, foaming, and water binding) and sensory properties. The results were compared with commercially available blood‐derived proteins (subtilisin‐decolored hemoglobin hydrolysates and plasma protein). It was observed that AGP is able to effectively decolor hemoglobin. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) increased less than 3% using AGP to achieve 90% color reduction of hemoglobin, whereas a DH increase of more than 20% is needed using subtilisin. The AGP‐decolored hemoglobin hydrolysates (AGP‐Hb) possess good emulsification, foaming, and water binding properties, which are better or comparable with the plasma protein, and much better than the subtilisin‐decolored hemoglobin hydrolysates (subtilisin‐Hb). The model canned meat with addition of AGP‐Hb showed the highest value in hardness, springiness, and chewiness from the texture analysis. Furthermore, the canned meat with AGP‐Hb was found to have a better sensory profile than the ones with addition of subtilisin‐Hb and plasma protein.
A Novel Hydrogen Sulfide Prodrug, SG1002, Promotes Hydrogen Sulfide and Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Polhemus David J. , Li Zhen , Pattillo Christopher B. , Gojon Gabriel , Gojon Gabriel , Giordano Tony , Krum Henry 
Published: April 2015

SummaryRecent studies demonstrate robust molecular cross talk and signaling between hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO). Heart failure (HF) patients are deficient in both H2S and NO, two molecules that are critical for cardiovascular homeostasis. A phase I clinical trial of a novel H2S prodrug (SG1002) was designed to assess safety and changes in H2S and NO bioavailability in healthy and HF subjects. Healthy subjects (n = 7) and heart failure patients (n = 8) received oral SG1002 treatment in escalating dosages of 200, 400, and 800 mg twice daily for 7 days for each dose. Safety and tolerability were assessed by physical examination, vital signs, and ECG analysis. Plasma samples were collected during a 24‐h period each week for H2S and NO analysis. BNP and glutathione levels were analyzed as markers of cardiac health and redox status. Administration of SG1002 resulted in increased H2S levels in healthy subjects. We also observed increased H2S levels in HF subjects following 400 mg SG1002. Nitrite, a metabolite of NO, was increased in both healthy and HF patients receiving 400 mg and 800 mg SG1002. HF subjects treated with SG1002 displayed stable drug levels over the course of the trial. SG1002 was safe and well tolerated at all doses in both healthy and HF subjects. These data suggest that SG1002 increases blood H2S levels and circulating NO bioavailability. The finding that SG1002 attenuates increases in BNP in HF patients suggests that this novel agent warrants further study in a larger clinical study.
Australian momentum: performance, capacity and the GFC effect
Authors: Vanstone Bruce J. , Hahn Tobias 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper assesses the performance of momentum strategies in Australia, and how they were affected by the GFC. This paper is the first to address the issue of the dollar capacity of momentum strategies in the Australian market. We find evidence of a strong momentum effect in Australia amongst the S&P/ASX200 constituents. We find that momentum portfolios suffered during the GFC, but the effect was not persistent. Finally, we show that the capacity of the momentum effect in Australia is large enough in dollar terms to reject the assertion that momentum is more of a theoretical than a practical construct.
Off‐farm labor market decisions and agricultural shocks among rural households in Kenya
Authors: Mathenge Mary K. , Tschirley David L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUsing household level data from rural Kenya, this article explores whether and how farm households respond to unfavorable agricultural production environments, including any ex post adjustments in off‐farm labor supply in response to unexpected weather shocks. While controlling for a wide range of educational, demographic, and other locational factors, we examine how long‐term weather conditions and specific rainfall shocks influence a household's decision to engage in, and their earnings from, the off‐farm labor market. We find that rural households engage in off‐farm work as a long‐term strategy to deal with the effects of anticipated weather conditions on their farming operations. The analysis does not reveal major short‐term adjustments in off‐farm engagement as a result of specific, unexpected rainfall shocks; these households do however rely on remittance income and petty agricultural wage labor under these circumstances. Holding other factors constant, and conditional on participation, households in areas with a more productive local agriculture tend to earn more from off‐farm work especially in the informal/business sector than their counterparts in regions with a less productive agriculture. As expected, a vibrant local economy in the form of public investment increases the probability of off‐farm participation.
Effects of Cardiopulmonary Support With a Novel Pediatric Pump‐Lung in a 30‐Day Ovine Animal Model
Authors: Liu Yang , Sanchez Pablo G. , Wei Xufeng , Watkins Amelia C. , Niu Shuqiong , Wu Zhongjun J. , Griffith Bartley P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe scarcity of donor organs has led to the development of devices that provide optimal long‐term respiratory or cardiopulmonary support to bridge recipients as they wait for lung and/or heart transplantation. This study was designed to evaluate the 30‐day in vivo performance of the newly developed pediatric pump‐lung (PediPL) for cardiopulmonary support using a juvenile sheep model. The PediPL device was placed surgically between the right atrium and descending aorta in eight sheep (25.4–31.2 kg) and evaluated for 30 days. Anticoagulation was maintained with continuous heparin infusion (activated clotting time 150–200 s). The flow rate was measured continually, and gas transfer was measured daily. Plasma free hemoglobin, platelet activation, hematologic data, and blood biochemistry were assessed twice a week. Sheep were euthanized after 30 days. The explanted devices were examined for gross thrombosis. Six sheep survived for 30–32 days. During the study, the oxygen transfer rate of the devices was 54.9 ± 13.2 mL/min at a mean flow rate of 1.14 ± 0.46 L/min with blood oxygen saturation of 95.4% ± 1.7%. Plasma free hemoglobin was 8.2 ± 3.7 mg/dL. Platelet activation was 5.35 ± 2.65%. The animals had normal organ chemistries except for surgery‐related transient alterations in kidney and liver function. Although we found some scattered thrombi on the membrane surfaces of some explanted devices during the necropsy, the device function and performance did not degrade. The PediPL device was capable of providing cardiopulmonary support with long‐term reliability and good biocompatibility over the 30‐day duration and offers the potential option for bridging pediatric patients with end‐stage heart or lung disease to heart and/or lung transplantation.
Longer‐term follow‐up and outcome by tumour cell proliferation rate (Ki‐67) in patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma treated with lenalidomide on MCL‐001(EMERGE) pivotal trial
Authors: Goy Andre , Kalayoglu Besisik Sevgi , Drach Johannes , Ramchandren Radhakrishnan , Robertson Michael J. , Avivi Irit , Rowe Jacob M. , Herbrecht Raoul , Van Hoof Achiel , Zhang Lei , Cicero Sherri , Fu Tommy , Witzig Thomas 
Published: April 2015

SummaryPatients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) generally respond to first‐line immunochemotherapy, but often show chemoresistance upon subsequent relapses, with poor outcome. Several studies of the immunomodulator, lenalidomide, have demonstrated its activity in MCL including the MCL‐001 study in relapsed/refractory patients who had failed defined prior therapies of anthracyclines or mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, rituximab and also bortezomib. We present here the long‐term efficacy follow‐up of the prospective phase II MCL‐001 study (N = 134), including new exploratory analyses with baseline Ki‐67 (MIB1), a biological marker of tumour proliferation. With longer follow‐up, lenalidomide showed a 28% overall response rate [ORR; 8% complete response (CR)/CR unconfirmed (CRu)]. Median duration of response (DOR), progression‐free survival and overall survival were 16·6, 4·0 and 20·9 months, respectively. Myelosuppression continued to be the most common grade 3/4 toxicity. Several studies of MCL patients treated with chemotherapy, rituximab and bortezomib have shown an inverse association between survival and Ki‐67. Ki‐67 data in 81/134 MCL‐001 patients showed similar ORRs in both low (<30% or <50%) versus high (≥30% or ≥50%) Ki‐67–expressing groups, yet lower Ki‐67 levels demonstrated superior CR/CRu, DOR and survival outcomes. Overall, lenalidomide showed durable efficacy with a consistent safety profile in heavily pretreated, relapsed/refractory MCL post‐bortezomib.
Tumour‐derived exosomes: Tiny envelopes for big stories
Authors: Miller Isabella V. , Grunewald Thomas G. P. 
Published: April 2015

The discovery of exosomes, which are small, 30–100 nm sized extracellular vesicles that are released by virtual all cells, has initiated a rapidly expanding and vibrant research field. Current investigations are mainly directed toward the role of exosomes in intercellular communication and their potential value as biomarkers for a broad set of diseases. By horizontal transfer of molecular information such as micro RNAs, messenger RNAs or proteins, as well as by receptor–cell interactions, exosomes are capable to mediate the reprogramming of surrounding cells. Herein, we review how especially cancer cells take advantage of this mechanism to influence their microenvironment in favour of immune escape, therapy resistance, tumour growth and metastasis. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive microarray analysis (n > 1970) to study the expression patterns of genes known to be intimately involved in exosome biogenesis across 26 different cancer entities and a normal tissue atlas. Consistent with the elevated production of exosomes observed in cancer patient plasma, we found a significant overexpression especially of RAB27A, CHMP4C and SYTL4 in the corresponding cancer entities as compared to matched normal tissues. Finally, we discuss the immune‐modulatory and anti‐tumorigenic functions of exosomes as well as innovative approaches to specifically target the exosomal circuits in experimental cancer therapy.
Olfactory navigation during spawning migrations: a review and introduction of the Hierarchical Navigation Hypothesis
Authors: Bett Nolan N. , Hinch Scott G. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTMigrations are characterized by periods of movement that typically rely on orientation towards directional cues. Anadromous fish undergo several different forms of oriented movement during their spawning migration and provide some of the most well‐studied examples of migratory behaviour. During the freshwater phase of the migration, fish locate their spawning grounds via olfactory cues. In this review, we synthesize research that explores the role of olfaction during the spawning migration of anadromous fish, most of which focuses on two families: Salmonidae (salmonids) and Petromyzontidae (lampreys). We draw attention to limitations in this research, and highlight potential areas of investigation that will help fill in current knowledge gaps. We also use the information assembled from our review to formulate a new hypothesis for natal homing in salmonids. Our hypothesis posits that migrating adults rely on three types of cues in a hierarchical fashion: imprinted cues (primary), conspecific cues (secondary), and non‐olfactory environmental cues (tertiary). We provide evidence from previous studies that support this hypothesis. We also discuss future directions of research that can test the hypothesis and further our understanding of the spawning migration.
Emerging Trends in Behavioral Genetic Studies of Child Temperament
Authors: Saudino Kimberly J. , Micalizzi Lauren 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this article, we describe three emerging trends in the application of behavioral genetic methods to the study of temperament. The trends—using multiple methods to assess temperament, considering contextual influences on temperament, and evaluating the structure of temperament—have been well studied in the phenotypic literature, but adding a behavioral genetic perspective can enrich our understanding of temperament. We review recent behavioral genetic research in each of these areas and discuss its implications.
Insight into the beneficial immunomodulatory mechanism of the sevoflurane metabolite hexafluoro-2-propanol in a rat model of endotoxaemia
Authors: Urner M , Schläpfer M , Herrmann I K , Hasler M , Schimmer R R , Booy C , Roth Z'graggen B , Rehrauer H , Aigner F , Minshall R D , Stark W J , Beck-Schimmer B 
Published: April 2015

Summary
Volatile anaesthetics such as sevoflurane attenuate inflammatory processes, thereby impacting patient outcome significantly. Their inhalative administration is, however, strictly limited to controlled environments such as operating theatres, and thus an intravenously injectable immunomodulatory drug would offer distinct advantages. As protective effects of volatile anaesthetics have been associated with the presence of trifluorinated carbon groups in their basic structure, in this study we investigated the water-soluble sevoflurane metabolite hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) as a potential immunomodulatory drug in a rat model of endotoxic shock. Male Wistar rats were subjected to intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and thereafter were treated with HFIP. Plasma and tissue inflammatory mediators, neutrophil invasion, tissue damage and haemodynamic stability were the dedicated end-points. In an endotoxin-induced endothelial cell injury model, underlying mechanisms were elucidated using gene expression and gene reporter analyses. HFIP reduced the systemic inflammatory response significantly and decreased endotoxin-induced tissue damage. Additionally, the LPS-provoked drop in blood pressure of animals was resolved by HFIP treatment. Pathway analysis revealed that the observed attenuation of the inflammatory process was associated with reduced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κΒ) activation and suppression of its dependent transcripts. Taken together, intravenous administration of HFIP exerts promising immunomodulatory effects in endotoxaemic rats. The possibility of intravenous administration would overcome limitations of volatile anaesthetics, and thus HFIP might therefore represent an interesting future drug candidate for states of severe inflammation.
Outcome analysis of laparoscopic incisional hernia repair and risk factors for hernia recurrence in liver transplant patients
Authors: Weiss Sascha , Weissenbacher Annemarie , Sucher Robert , Denecke Christian , Brandl Andreas , Messner Franka , Oellinger Robert , Schneeberger Stefan , Schmid Thomas , Pratschke Johann , Biebl Matthias 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionIncisional hernia is a common complication after liver transplantation (LT). Immunosuppression, obesity, and use of steroids are known risk factors. The purpose of the retrospective study was to summarize and evaluate experiences and results of laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) hernia repair.MethodsWe reviewed our liver transplant patients over a seven‐yr period with laparoscopic incisional hernia repair (LIHR) to direct our attention on risk factors for hernia recurrence after hernia repair.ResultsFifty‐four patients after LT with incisional hernia were treated with laparoscopic repair, 42 male and 12 female patients of overall mean age of 58 ± 9 yr and body mass index (BMI) of 25 ± 4 kg/m2. A total of 755 LTs were performed at our institution in this time period, resulting in 7.15% of patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair. The mean postoperative hospital stay after was nine d. During the follow‐up, nine recurrent hernias were noted (17%). BMI (p = 0.001) and sirolimus as immunosuppressive therapy were significantly associated with hernia recurrence (p = 0.014).ConclusionLIHR is a safe and feasible method to treat hernias after LT. BMI and sirolimus as immunosuppressive therapy are risk factors for recurrence of hernia after laparoscopic hernia repair.
The effects of individual tree species on species diversity in a tropical dry forest change throughout ontogeny
Authors: Espinosa C. I. , de la Cruz M. , Jara‐Guerrero A. , Gusmán E. , Escudero A. 
Published: April 2015

Understanding how diversity is maintained in species‐rich communities, such as tropical forests, remains a challenge in ecology. Recent work suggests that the controversy between competing theories could be better resolved by considering the spatial scale at which different processes rule community assembly.Here we use individual species–area relationships (ISAR) to evaluate the spatial organization of tree diversity around individuals of different species in a completely‐mapped tropical dry forest in south Ecuador. We test two hypotheses. First, stressful environmental conditions promote facilitative interactions that will generate spatial signals of accumulation of diversity around individual trees – contrary to what has been reported in humid tropical forests. Second, spatial signals will shift through ontogeny. As, as larger, older trees generate new microsite conditions that affect the recruitment of younger, smaller trees.We compute ISAR functions for adult trees, for young trees and a new crossed‐ISAR function measuring the accumulation of diversity of young trees around the old trees. We compare observed ISARs to the expectations of inhomogeneous Poisson (i.e. null) models controlling for the effects of environmental variation and habitat association on tree distribution.Although the prevalent response among adult trees was not different from null expectations, which means that the organization of diversity in this size class could be explained by environmental heterogeneity alone, most species accumulated more diversity than expected over short spatial scales in the small stem size class. Only two species accumulated significant diversity in the crossed‐ISARs. Our study indicates the role of facilitation in the organization of plant diversity in this dry forest, but that facilitation is limited to some key species acting on early life stages and accumulating diversity around them.Our results demonstrate the benefit of considering different life‐stages and crossed analyses to disentangle the processes affecting community assembly in tropical dry forests.