bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid Profiling Reveals Different Therapeutic Effects of Metformin and Glipizide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Hu Chunxiu , Hong Jie , Zeng Jun , Lai Shenghan , Lv Ankang , Su Qing , Dong Yan , Zhou Zhiguang , Tang Weili , Zhao Jiajun , Cui Lianqun , Zou Dajin , Wang Dawang , Li Hong , Liu Chao , Wu Guoting , Shen Jie , Zhu Dalong , Wang Weiqing , Shen Weifeng , Ning Guang , Xu Guowang 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE
We recently demonstrated a beneficial effect of metformin compared with glipizide in type 2 diabetic patients regarding cardiovascular outcomes for 3-year treatment in the SPREAD-DIMCAD study. However, the potential mechanism for the clinical effects remains unclear. Here, we performed a comprehensive lipidomics study to evaluate the different lipid metabolites in serum samples obtained from participants in this study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight–mass spectrometry was used to evaluate the different lipid metabolites in serum samples obtained from the participants (21 patients in glipizide group and 23 patients in metformin group) before and after each year of treatment (at 0 [baseline], 1, 2, and 3 years of study drug administration).

RESULTS
A total of 118 serum lipid molecular species was identified and quantified. During treatment, metformin induced a substantially greater change in serum lipid species compared with glipizide, especially at the 2- and 3-year time points (with 2, 11, and 12 lipid species being significantly different between the groups after each year of treatment [1, 2, or 3 years], P &lt; 0.05). Among the significantly changed lipid species, three lipid metabolites were linked to long-term composite cardiovascular events (adjusted P &lt; 0.05). After treatment, triacylglycerols (TAGs) of a relatively higher carbon number showed a clearly increased trend in metformin group compared with the glipizide group, whereas the changes in TAGs with different double bonds were minimal.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings revealed the differential therapeutic effects of metformin and glipizide on comprehensive lipidomics, which were comparable with their different long-term effects on cardiovascular outcomes.
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist or Bolus Insulin With Optimized Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Diamant Michaela , Nauck Michael A. , Shaginian Rimma , Malone James K. , Cleall Simon , Reaney Matthew , de Vries Danielle , Hoogwerf Byron J. , MacConell Leigh , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H.R. ,   for the 4B Study Group
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE
Mealtime insulin is commonly added to manage hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes when basal insulin is insufficient. However, this complex regimen is associated with weight gain and hypoglycemia. This study compared the efficacy and safety of exenatide twice daily or mealtime insulin lispro in patients inadequately controlled by insulin glargine and metformin despite up-titration.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this 30-week, open-label, multicenter, randomized, noninferiority trial with 12 weeks prior insulin optimization, 627 patients with insufficient postoptimization glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were randomized to exenatide (10–20 µg/day) or thrice-daily mealtime lispro titrated to premeal glucose of 5.6–6.0 mmol/L, both added to insulin glargine (mean 61 units/day at randomization) and metformin (mean 2,000 mg/day).

RESULTS
Randomization HbA1c and fasting glucose (FG) were 8.3% (67 mmol/mol) and 7.1 mmol/L for exenatide and 8.2% (66 mmol/mol) and 7.1 mmol/L for lispro. At 30 weeks postrandomization, mean HbA1c changes were noninferior for exenatide compared with lispro (–1.13 and –1.10%, respectively); treatment differences were –0.04 (95% CI –0.18, 0.11) in per-protocol (n = 510) and –0.03 (95% CI –0.16, 0.11) in intent-to-treat (n = 627) populations. FG was lower with exenatide than lispro (6.5 vs. 7.2 mmol/L; P = 0.002). Weight decreased with exenatide and increased with lispro (−2.5 vs. +2.1 kg; P &lt; 0.001). More patients reported treatment satisfaction and better quality of life with exenatide than lispro, although a larger proportion of patients with exenatide experienced treatment-emergent adverse events. Exenatide resulted in fewer nonnocturnal hypoglycemic episodes but more gastrointestinal adverse events than lispro.

CONCLUSIONS
Adding exenatide to titrated glargine with metformin resulted in similar glycemic control as adding lispro and was well tolerated. These findings support exenatide as a noninsulin addition for patients failing basal insulin.
Denial of Humanity and Forms of Enslavement in the Russian Gulag: Early Narratives of Gulag Survivors (1919–1940)
Authors: Tucan Gabriela , Tucan Dumitru 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Although the foundations of the Soviet concentration camp system date back to the Bolshevik Revolution and Russian Civil War, the amplitude of human suffering in the Gulag would not be known in detail until after 1962, i.e. the year when A. Solzhenitsyn’s One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich was published. But even before the start of World War II, the totalitarian Soviet universe spoke the language of oppression that public opinion in the West constantly refused to acknowledge. This paper tries to recover a neglected corpus of early autobiographical narratives depicting the absurd Soviet concentration system, in the authentic voice of a number of Gulag survivors (G. Kitchin, Tatiana Tchernavin, Vladimir Tchernavin, S. A. Malsagoff, etc.).
Chromium Resistant Bacteria: Impact on Plant Growth in Soil Microcosm
Authors: Sayel Hanane , Joutey Nezha Tahri , Bahafid Wifak , El Ghachtouli Naima 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Three chromium resistant bacterial strains, Pseudomonas fluorescens PF28, Enterobacter amnigenus EA31 and Enterococcus gallinarum S34 isolated from tannery waste contaminated soil were used in this study. All strains could resist a high concentration of K2Cr2O7 that is up to 300 mg/L. The effect of these strains on clover plants (Trifolium campestre) in the presence of two chromium salts CrCl3 and K2Cr2O7 was studied in soil microcosm. Application of chromium salts adversely affected seed germination, root and shoot length. Bacterial inoculation improved the growth parameters under chromate stress when compared with non inoculated respective controls. There was observed more than 50% reduction of Cr(VI) in inoculated soil microcosms, as compared to the uninoculated soil under the same conditions. The results obtained in this study are significant for the bioremediation of chromate pollution.
Significance of the Climate and Energy Package for the Development of Renewable Energy Sources in the European Union
Authors: Pach-Gurgul Agnieszka 
Published: July 2014

The utilisation of renewable energy in the European Union seems, at the present stage of energy policy development, inevitable. It offers many benefits, including, above all:

the possibility of increasing the energy security of a given state or region thanks to the diversification of the sources of energy supply,
the limitation of imports from energy suppliers, such as of natural gas or oil, thus reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels,
ecological effects connected with the elimination of greenhouse gas emissions and other substances harmful to the natural environment,
economic and social benefits, such as the creation of new jobs.

The Climate and Energy Package obliges member states to pursue a common aim – to increase the share of renewable energy to 20% in the general energy balance of the European Union by 2020. This is a challenging task, since the renewable energy sector requires significant financial support to increase its competitiveness, compared to traditional energy sources. When adopting the Energy Package, leaders of member states did not anticipate the economic crisis and its impact on the European Union’s economy, and on the energy sector in particular.
Embodied civic education: The corporeality of a civil body politic
Authors: Phillips Donna Paoletti 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This study explores the lived experience of democratic civic education for middle school students. Grounded in the tradition of hermeneutic phenomenology as guided by Heidegger (1962), Gadamer (1960/2003), Casey (1993), and Levinas (1961/2004), among others, the framework for conducting action-sensitive research, as described by van Manen (2003), guides this inquiry as I endeavor to uncover what it means for students to embody civic education. Twenty-nine students are taped engaging in discussions, debates, simulations, and other civic education. Twelve students self-select to engage in reflective writing and conversations about their experiences.
The existential theme of lived body emerges from this inquiry. The importance of embodying one’s learning, as well as connecting physically and socially to one’s society are apparent. The students’ learning through their corporeal experience serves to create the civil body politic of the classroom and inform their behavior outside of the classroom. Insights from this study may inform curriculum theorists and developers, policy-makers, and classroom teachers. Recommendations are made to transform the social studies for students to capitalize on their bodily experiences within the classroom so that they may grow in their role as a citizen. Students may then embody the ideals essential in civic education and democratic societies
Mathematical Determination of Thermal Load for Fluidised Bed Furnaces Using Sawdust
Authors: Antonescu Nicolae , Stanescu Paul-Dan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
For technical applications, a physical model capable of predicting the particle evolution in the burning process along its trajectory through the furnace is very useful. There are two major demands: all the thermo-dynamic processes that describe the particle burning process must be accounted and the model must be written in such equation terms to allow the intervention for parameter settings and particle definition. The computations were performed for the following parameters: furnace average temperature between 700 and 1200 °C, size of the sawdust particle from 4 to 6 mm and fix carbon ignition between 500 and 900 °C. The values obtained for the characteristic parameters of the burning process ranged from 30 to 60 [kg/(h·m3)] for the gravimetrical burning speed WGh and from 150 to 280 [kW/m3] for the volumetric thermal load of the furnace QV. The main conclusion was that the calculus results are in good agreement with the experimental data from the pilot installations and the real-case measurements in the sawdust working boiler furnaces or pre-burning chambers. Another very important conclusion is that the process speed variation, when the furnace temperature changes, confirms the thermo-kinetic predictions, namely that the burning process speed decreases when the furnace temperature increases.
The Tuning of the Fuzzy Controllers Used in the Pervasive Systems
Authors: Culcea Magdalena , Pecsi Robert , Caluianu Sorin 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This paper intends to present the differences appearing between the pervasive systems and other usual systems regarding the tuning of the fuzzy controllers. For the pervasive systems used in the intelligent buildings, the emphasize is on the building’s occupant and the used equipment is to be engineered so that the occupant will be as less perturbed by its presence or settings. For the fuzzy controllers used in non-pervasive systems - although the occupants are not working with physical quantities, but with language described variables, the definition of the inputs’ and outputs’ domain values can be modified only by reprogramming.
The result generated by the research work that lays at the basis of the present paper is the tuning of the fuzzy controllers used in pervasive systems. The occupants role is to describe the sensation they have in the very moment, the sensation they would like to have, and the fuzzy controllers’ inputs and outputs will be automatically modified based on different parameters regarding the occupants, for example the clothes worn.
The tuning of the fuzzy controllers for the pervasive systems has not been treated before, the authors intending to make a detailed and deep research in this field.
Analyses of CO2 Time Variation Records in Naturally Ventilated Occupied Spaces
Authors: Ivanov Martin , Markov Detelin 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The present paper concerns the results obtained in a human subject experimental study, regarding the predefined occupant behavior with respect to aerating activities of a naturally ventilated space. During the experiment, various scenarios were investigated of different occupant’s behavior patterns with regard to the degree of window opening. Indoor air temperature, relative humidity and CO2 volume fraction, were continuously measured and recorded. CO2 concentration time variation records were analyzed separately and the time change of this parameter was considered as a main indicator to distinguish the periods of infiltration only and the periods of conscious aeration activities, performed by the occupants. The developed evaluation procedures as well as the key results from the analyses are discussed in the paper.
Distribution of Zinc and Cadmium in Tissues of Giant Reed (Arundo Donax L.): Sequential Extraction - Radiometric Study
Authors: Richveisová Barbora Micháleková , Dürešová Zuzana , Horník Miroslav , Augustín Jozef , Pipíška Martin 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Heavy metals are taken up by the vascular plant root system from water solutions in cationic forms. Subsequently, during both short and long distance transport to other plant tissues, cation forms are incorporated to many bioorganic compounds differing in stability, ionic character and physico-chemical properties such as solubility in lipid structures and mobility across cell membrane systems. Many sequential and single step extraction methods have been elaborated for characterization of the role of individual components of plant cells components in transport and detoxication of heavy metals. In our study, dry biomass of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) grown in hydroponic media spiked with 65ZnCl2 and 109CdCl2 was treated with dithizone solutions as complexing ligand in order to convert free Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions to corresponding dithizonates. Treatment with dithizone showed that up to 67 % of the total plant Cd and 56 % of the total plant Zn were transformed to dithizonate complexes extracted with chloroform. Extraction of biomass with Folch reagent showed that up to 48 % of the total root cadmium and up to 18 % of the total shoot cadmium is bound in lipid fraction. Zinc was not found in lipid fraction of root and shoot. Derivatization of the dried root and shoot lipid fraction by dithizone showed that two third of Cd in root and practically all Cd in shoot lipid fraction could be transformed to Cd-dithizonate. Methods of biomass treating with complexing ligands and a method of sequential extraction procedures with non-polar organic solvents and radiotracer methodology seem to be useful methods for the study of metal speciation and distribution in vascular plants
Trzy zasady sprawiedliwości
Authors: Hołówka Jacek 
Published: July 2014

StreszczenieCzyny sprawiedliwe muszą spełniać trzy warunki, zdaniem Ajdukiewicza: „zasadę równej odpłaty i zapłaty”, „zasadę równej miary” i „zasadę równouprawnienia”. Opis tych zasad wskazuje, że trafniej byłoby je nazywać: „warunkiem ekwiwalentnej wymiany”, „warunkiem anonimowości” i „warunkiem wstępnej równości”. Pierwszy warunek wymaga, by każdy, kto godzi się na wymianę dóbr, otrzymał coś, co ma taką samą wartość, co przedmiot, z którym się rozstaje. W transakcjach handlowych poza wolnym rynkiem taka zasada jest być może słuszna, jednak w warunkach wolnego rynku wolno ją uznać za zbędną, ponieważ sam rynek dba o ekwiwalentność ustalając ceny. Także poza transakcjami handlowymi pierwszy warunek wydaje się zbędny. Przekonuje o tym Arystoteles, gdy opisuje dary między przyjaciółmi. Drugi warunek żąda bezstronności i bezinteresowności. Ajdukiewicz potępia egoizm grupowy i faworyzowanie wybrańców z własnej wspólnoty. Ponieważ nie dokonuje przy tym żadnych zastrzeżeń, można odnieść wrażenie, że domaga się, byśmy również o cudze dzieci i rodziny dbali jak o własne. Nie wydaje się, by takie żądanie było przekonujące. Więcej nawet, mamy prawo - jak sądzę - obdarzyć szczególną życzliwością i hojnością każdego, kogo nam się podoba, w szczególności osoby nam najbliższe. Trzecia zasada przewiduje, że mamy prawo domagać się czegokolwiek tylko wtedy, gdy to, czego żądamy, będzie nagrodą za pracę i starania, a nie za jakieś dary natury, jak talent lub uroda. Zatem wstępnie - czyli zanim zbierzemy procentujący kapitał - każdy powinien być traktowany tak samo. Wydaje się, że te trzy zasady pozwalają empirycznie ustalać, komu się dzieje krzywda, i testować konkurencyjne metody jej usunięcia.
Application of the Beta Coefficient in the Market of Direct residential Real Estate Investments
Authors: Wolski Rafał 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The beta coefficient is one of the most popular indices used in contemporary finances. Despite the fact that there are justified doubts connected with its application, it is currently difficult to imagine a situation in which the cost of capital would be calculated without the use of the CAPM model. Thus, an attempt at answering the question whether and to what degree beta may be used in the real estate market constitutes an interesting problem. This is because on the one hand, the formal structure suggests that beta should not be used for assets which are not included in the benchmark but, on the other hand, such a benchmark should, at least theoretically, contain all market assets. Therefore, a decision was made to have a closer look at this issue, with the analysis of the possibility of using the beta coefficient in the residential real estate market set as the objective. Using the database of prices in the direct real estate investment created by the NBP, a comparison was conducted with regard to features of undertaken investments on the basis of an analysis of systematic risk calculated using selected indices available on the Polish market.
Clip reconstruction of a large right MCA bifurcation aneurysm. Case report
Authors: Giovani A. , Neacsu Angela , Gheorghiu Ana , Gorgan R.M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We report a case of complex large middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysm that ruptured during dissection from the very adherent MCA branches but was successfully clipped and the MCA bifurcation reconstructed using 4 Yasargill clips. Through a right pterional craniotomy the sylvian fissure was largely opened as to allow enough workspace for clipping the aneurysm and placing a temporary clip on M1. The pacient recovered very well after surgery and was discharged after 1 week with no neurological deficit. Complex MCA bifurcation aneurysms can be safely reconstructed using regular clips, without the need of using fenestrated clips or complex by-pass procedures.
What the Neurosurgeon needs to know about Cerebral Developmental Venous anomalies
Authors: Alvis-Miranda Hernando Raphael , Duarte-Valdivieso Nancy , Alcala-Cerra Gabriel , Calderon-Miranda Willem , Zenteno Marco , Lee Angel , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Venous Angiomas or Developmental venous anomalies (DVA) are extreme variations of normal transmedullary veins that are necessary for the drainage of white and gray matter, also are one type of cerebrovascular malformation (CVM), sharing category with capillary telangiectesias, cavernous malformations (CM), and arteriovenous malformations (AVM), each of which may also be associated with a DVA. DVA are the most commonly encountered CVM, accounting for up to 60% of all CVM. We present a review of the literatura
Vein of Galen malformation: What to do when vascular access is not feasible?
Authors: Zenteno Marco , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Santos-Franco Jorge , Lee Angel 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Background: The vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (GVAM) is a rare congenital vascular lesion, with high morbidity and mortality without treatment, endovascular management is the best alternative available today.
Aim: The purpose of this work is to report the case of a female patient with imaginological and angiographical diagnosis of GVAM, which was difficult for endovascular managent alone, due to this was decided an alternative endovascular direct access guided by stereotactic assistance.
Case report: We report the case of an infant with imaging and angiographic diagnosis of GVAM, with absence of the vein access through classical embolization could be done, complicating and making difficult for endovascular management alone, hence was decided an alternative endovascular direct access guided by stereotactic assistance, ensuring total embolization of the lesion with coils. The patient progressed satisfactorily.
Discussion: VGAM generally represents only 1% or less of total cerebral vascular malformations, but in pediatrics may be as high as 30%. The malformation is occupying the subarachnoid space of the velum interpositum and the quadrigeminal cistern. It is characterized by the presence of the vein embryonic precursor of the vein of Galen, and abnormal arterial shunts from arteries normally developed but extremely dilated. Mortality rate is high in these patients without treatment, developing hydrocephalus and cerebral complications related to the occupying mass that could drive to epilepsy, serious cognitive sequelae, intracerebral emorrhage and death within the possibilities. Heart failure is often a common complication. To our knowledge this is the first report of the use of stereotactic assistance in the endovascular therapeutic management of VGAM. Conclusions: In cases where clasical venous access cannot be achieved as in the case we report, further technical assistance can be obtained with stereotactic guidance, making easier the procedure, remembering that without therapy, VGAM result in lifethreatening hydrocephalus and/or intracranial hemorrhage, rapidly driving to death.
Lumbosacral myelocystocele: A Case report
Authors: Mittal R.S. , Gupta Pankaj , Gandhi Ashok , Sharma Achal , Sharma Vinod , Kumar Varsha 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMyelocystocele is a rare variety of spinal dysraphism that presents as a skin covered, midline, lumbosacral mass. Many a time it is associated with other congenital anomalies but isolated myelocystocele is rarely associated with neurological deficit. MRI is the modality of choice for preoperative diagnosis. A 3 years old female child presented with skin covered lumbosacral mass since birth. There was no associated neurological deficit. MRI revealed single cyst, which was continuous with central canal of spinal cord. Peroperatively, myelocystocele was found with tethering of cord. Untethering of cord and repair of myelocystocele was performed with uneventful recovery.
Effects of Limestone, Ash from Biomass and Compost Use on Chemical Properties of Soil
Authors: Gibczynska Marzena , Stankowski Slawomir , Hury Grzegorz , Kuglarz Krzysztof 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe aim of this research was to assess the use of biomass ash for fertilisation of mineral soil. The study involves the analysis of the effects of biomass ash applied to soil on the changes of pH and the content of the available forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium as well as on total content of zinc, copper, manganese, nickel, cadmium and lead. The field experiment was conducted in 2013 in Duninowo near Ustka. In experiment grown two plants spring: Spring barley - var. Sebastian, and wheat - var. Bombona. The use of ash from biomass and Biotop compost as fertilisers did not result in any significant changes of soilpH. The use of ash from biomass and Biotop compost caused a significant increase in the contents of available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in soil. The threshold values of the analysed trace elements in soil, as specified by the Regulation of the Minister of Environment, were not exceeded in any of the fertilising variants in the experiment.