bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Strategic Unity of Heidegger's The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics
Authors: Withy Katherine 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper unifies the disparate analyses in Heidegger's lecture course, The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics: World, Finitude, Solitude, in a single therapeutic and philosophical project. By taking seriously the text's claim to lead us towards authenticity, I show how Heidegger's analysis of boredom works together with his comparative analysis of man and animal to diagnose and lead us out of our contemporary complacency about being. This reading puts both analyses in a new light, reveals the hidden strategic unity of the lecture course, and brings out the therapeutic dimension of Heidegger's phenomenology.
On Some Recent Attempts to Resolve the Debate between Internalists and Externalists
Authors: Mabrito Robert 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn important debate in moral philosophy concerns the thesis of internalism, of which the characteristic idea is that there is a conceptual link between moral judgment and motivation. According to the internalist, to judge that something is right is to be motivated to do it (at least under certain conditions). Externalists are those who deny the truth of internalism. There are two ways that either party to this debate may argue for their preferred position. The indirect approach requires defending an account of moral judgment and showing (for internalists) that it entails there is a conceptual link between moral judgment and motivation or (for externalists) that it entails there is no such link. In contrast, the direct approach requires arguing in favor of one position without assuming any particular account of moral judgment. In this paper, I examine two attempts—one by Michael Smith and one by Sigrún Svavarsdóttir—to resolve this debate between internalists and externalists by using the direct approach. Smith attempts to do so in favor of internalism while Svavarsdóttir makes the attempt in favor of externalism. I conclude that both attempts fail.
Names and Obstinate Rigidity
Authors: Murday Brendan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNames are rigid designators, but what kind of rigidity do they exhibit? Both “obstinately” and “persistently” rigid designators pick out O at every world at which they pick out anything at all. They differ in that obstinately rigid designators also pick out O at worlds at which O fails to exist; persistently rigid designators have no extension whatsoever at worlds at which O fails to exist. The question whether names are obstinate or persistent arises in two contexts: in arguments against rigidified descriptivism (on the grounds that names and rigidified descriptions exhibit different kinds of rigidity) and in considerations about what it means for an expression to be “directly referential.” This paper contends that names are persistent, not obstinate. The position thus clarifies the relationship between Millian theories of names and rigid designation, in addition to undermining attempts to rehabilitate the modal argument against rigidified descriptivism.
Pericarditis mediated by respiratory syncytial virus in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant patient
Authors: Rubach M.P. , Pavlisko E.N. , Perfect J.R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe describe a case of pericarditis and large pericardial effusion in a 63‐year‐old African‐American man undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant for multiple myeloma. Pericardial tissue biopsy demonstrated fibrinous pericarditis, and immunohistochemistry stains were positive for respiratory syncytial virus. The patient improved with oral ribavirin and intravenous immune globulin infusions.
Promoting skin‐to‐skin care for low birthweight babies: findings from the Ghana Newhints cluster‐randomised trial
Authors: Vesel Linda , ten Asbroek Augustinus H.A. , Manu Alexander , Soremekun Seyi , Tawiah Agyemang Charlotte , Okyere Eunice , Owusu‐Agyei Seth , Hill Zelee , Kirkwood Betty R 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether the Newhints home visits intervention increased the adoption of skin‐to‐skin care (SSC), in particular, among low birthweight (LBW) (<2.5 kg) babies.MethodsA cluster‐randomised trial, with 49 Newhints zones and 49 control zones, was conducted in seven districts in the Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana. It included all live births between November 2008 and December 2009. In Newhints zones, existing community‐based surveillance volunteers were trained to conduct home visits during which they weighed babies and counselled mothers of LBW babies on SSC. Performance of any SSC and SSC for more than 2 h was evaluated.ResultsOf 15,615 live births, 68.5% had recorded birthweights; 10.1% were LBW. Any SSC was 19.4% higher among babies in Newhints vs. control zones (risk ratio, RR: 1.81; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.40–2.35). Performance of SSC for more than 2 h was, however, low, at only 7.5%, although more than double compared with control zones (RR: 2.72; 95% CI: 1.80–4.10). LBW babies visited and weighed by a volunteer were more likely to receive SSC (PAny = 0.005; P > 2 h = 0.021), greater for LBW babies, particularly for more than 2 h of SSC (Pinteraction = 0.050).ConclusionNewhints successfully promoted the uptake of SSC in rural Ghana. Although findings are encouraging, promotion in rural community settings in sub‐Saharan Africa is challenging. Lessons learned can help shape SSC promotion in efforts to increase adoption and save newborn lives.
Disengagement from care in a decentralised primary health care antiretroviral treatment programme: cohort study in rural South Africa
Authors: Mutevedzi Portia C. , Lessells Richard J. , Newell Marie‐Louise 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine rates of, and factors associated with, disengagement from care in a decentralised antiretroviral programme.MethodsAdults (≥16 years) who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Hlabisa HIV Treatment and Care Programme August 2004–March 2011 were included. Disengagement from care was defined as no clinic visit for 180 days, after adjustment for mortality. Cumulative incidence functions for disengagement from care, stratified by year of ART initiation, were obtained; competing‐risks regression was used to explore factors associated with disengagement from care.ResultsA total of 4,674 individuals (median age 34 years, 29% male) contributed 13 610 person‐years of follow‐up. After adjustment for mortality, incidence of disengagement from care was 3.4 per 100 person‐years (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.1–3.8). Estimated retention at 5 years was 61%. The risk of disengagement from care increased with each calendar year of ART initiation (P for trend <0.001). There was a strong association between disengagement from care and higher baseline CD4+ cell count (subhazard ratio (SHR) 1.94 (P < 0.001) and 2.35 (P < 0.001) for CD4+ cell count 150–200 cells/μl and >200 cells/μl respectively, compared with CD4 count <50 cells/μl). Of those disengaged from care with known outcomes, the majority (206/303, 68.0%) remained resident within the local community.ConclusionsIncreasing disengagement from care threatens to limit the population impact of expanded antiretroviral coverage. The influence of both individual and programmatic factors suggests that alternative service delivery strategies will be required to achieve high rates of long‐term retention.
The effects of leg crossing and applied tension on blood donor return
Authors: Ditto B. , Gilchrist P. T. , Holly C. D. , Dubuc S. , Delage G. , France C. R. 
Published: June 2013

Background and ObjectivesRepeated isometric muscle tension (applied tension) during blood donation reduces vasovagal symptoms in many donors. Experiencing vasovagal symptoms has been found to reduce blood donor return. However, does practicing applied tension improve blood donor return? Follow‐up results from a randomized controlled trial are presented.MethodsData were collected in mobile clinics held in several colleges and universities. During the baseline donation, participants either (1) practiced ‘standard’ applied tension consisting of repeated 5 s cycles of whole‐body isometric muscle tension in the donation chair (N = 133), (2) practiced tension with legs crossed (N = 131), or (3) gave blood as usual (N = 140). Subsequent blood donations in the following 2 years were determined.ResultsApplied tension had no effect on immediate (at the end of the baseline blood donation) rating of intention to give blood or the dichotomous measure of whether or not the participant gave blood again in the following 2 years. However, men asked to practice applied tension with legs crossed gave approximately one unit more during the follow‐up period compared with men in the control group (F1,106 = 5·32, P = 0·023). This was associated significantly with adherence – men assigned to the applied tension with legs crossed condition who did not practice as instructed were no more likely to return than controls.ConclusionThe results provide modest support for the idea that applied tension may increase subsequent blood donation though the results were limited to men who practiced the technique as instructed.
Foreign object detection and removal to improve automated analysis of chest radiographs
Authors: Hogeweg Laurens , Sánchez Clara I. , Melendez Jaime , Maduskar Pragnya , Story Alistair , Hayward Andrew , van Ginneken Bram 
Published: June 2013

Purpose:Chest radiographs commonly contain projections of foreign objects, such as buttons, brassier clips, jewellery, or pacemakers and wires. The presence of these structures can substantially affect the output of computer analysis of these images. An automated method is presented to detect, segment, and remove foreign objects from chest radiographs.Methods:Detection is performed using supervised pixel classification with a kNN classifier, resulting in a probability estimate per pixel to belong to a projected foreign object. Segmentation is performed by grouping and post‐processing pixels with a probability above a certain threshold. Next, the objects are replaced by texture inpainting.Results:The method is evaluated in experiments on 257 chest radiographs. The detection at pixel level is evaluated with receiver operating characteristic analysis on pixels within the unobscured lung fields and anAz value of 0.949 is achieved. Free response operator characteristic analysis is performed at the object level, and 95.6% of objects are detected with on average 0.25 false positive detections per image. To investigate the effect of removing the detected objects through inpainting, a texture analysis system for tuberculosis detection is applied to images with and without pathology and with and without foreign object removal. Unprocessed, the texture analysis abnormality score of normal images with foreign objects is comparable to those with pathology. After removing foreign objects, the texture score of normal images with and without foreign objects is similar, while abnormal images, whether they contain foreign objects or not, achieve on average higher scores.Conclusions:The authors conclude that removal of foreign objects from chest radiographs is feasible and beneficial for automated image analysis.
Acute myeloid leukemia creates an arginase-dependent immunosuppressive microenvironment
Authors: Mussai Francis , De Santo Carmela , Abu-Dayyeh Issa , Booth Sarah , Quek Lynn , McEwen-Smith Rosanna M. , Qureshi Amrana , Dazzi Francesco , Vyas Paresh , Cerundolo Vincenzo 
Published: June 2013

Key Points
AML blasts have an arginase-dependent ability to inhibit T-cell proliferation and hematopoietic stem cells. AML blasts have an arginase-dependent ability to modulate the polarization of monocytes.
Properties of solutions of fourth-order differential equations with boundary conditions
Authors: Saker Samir H , Agarwal Ravi P , O’Regan Donal 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we establish some sufficient conditions for(2,2)-disconjugacy and study the distribution of zeros of nontrivial solutions of fourth-order differential equations. The results are extended to cover some boundary value problems in bending of beams. The main results are proved by making use of a generalization of Hardy’s inequality and some Opial-type inequalities. Some examples are considered to illustrate the main results.MSC:34K11, 34C10.
High-throughput genotyping of wheat-barley amphiploids utilising diversity array technology (DArT)
Authors: Castillo Almudena , Ramírez María C , Martín Azahara C , Kilian Andrzej , Martín Antonio , Atienza Sergio G 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background

Hordeum chilense, a native South American diploid wild barley, is one of the species of the genus Hordeum with a high potential for cereal breeding purposes, given its high crossability with other members of the Triticeae tribe. Hexaploid tritordeum (×Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner, 2n=6×=42, AABBHchHch) is the fertile amphiploid obtained after chromosome doubling of hybrids between Hordeum chilense and durum wheat. Approaches used in the improvement of this crop have included crosses with hexaploid wheat to promote D/Hch chromosome substitutions. While this approach has been successful as was the case with triticale, it has also complicated the genetic composition of the breeding materials. Until now tritordeum lines were analyzed based on molecular cytogenetic techniques and screening with a small set of DNA markers. However, the recent development of DArT markers in H. chilense offers new possibilities to screen large number of accessions more efficiently.

Results
Here, we have applied DArT markers to genotype composition in forty-six accessions of hexaploid tritordeum originating from different stages of tritordeum breeding program and to H. chilense-wheat chromosome addition lines to allow their physical mapping. Diversity analyses were conducted including dendrogram construction, principal component analysis and structure inference. Euploid and substituted tritordeums were clearly discriminated independently of the method used. However, dendrogram and Structure analyses allowed the clearest discrimination among substituted tritordeums. The physically mapped markers allowed identifying these groups as substituted tritordeums carrying the following disomic substitutions (DS): DS1D (1Hch), DS2D (2Hch), DS5D (5Hch), DS6D (6Hch) and the double substitution DS2D (2Hch), DS5D (5Hch). These results were validated using chromosome specific EST and SSR markers and GISH analysis.

Conclusion
In conclusion, DArT markers have proved to be very useful to detect chromosome substitutions in the tritordeum breeding program and thus they are expected to be equally useful to detect translocations both in the tritordeum breeding program and in the transference of H. chilense genetic material in wheat breeding programs.
The effect of depression symptoms and social support on black-white differences in health-related quality of life in early pregnancy: the health status in pregnancy (HIP) study
Authors: Liu Li , Setse Rosanna , Grogan Ruby , Powe Neil R , Nicholson Wanda K 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Lower physical and social functioning in pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight infants, butt few studies have examined racial differences in pregnant women’s perception of their functioning. Even fewer studies have elucidated the demographic and clinical factors contributing to racial differences in functioning. Our objective was to determine whether there are racial differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in early pregnancy; and if so, to identify the contributions of socio-demographic characteristics, depression symptoms, social support and clinical factors to these differences.

Methods
Cross-sectional study of 175 women in early pregnancy attending prenatal clinics in urban setting. In multivariate analysis, we assessed the independent relation of black race (compared to white) to HRQoL scores from the eight domains of the Medical Outcomes (SF-36) Survey: Physical Functioning, Role-Physical, Bodily Pain, Vitality, General Health, Social Functioning, Role-Emotional, and Mental Health. We compared socio-demographic and clinical factors and depression symptoms between black and white women and assessed the relative importance of these factors in explaining racial differences in physical and social functioning.

Results
Black women comprised 59% of the sample; white women comprised 41%. Before adjustment, black women had scores that were 14 points lower in Physical Function and Bodily Pain, 8 points lower in General Health, 4 points lower in Vitality and 7 points lower in Social Functioning. After adjustment for depression symptoms, social support and clinical factors, black women still had HRQoL scores that were 4 to 10 points lower than white women, but the differences were no longer statistically significant. Level of social support and payment source accounted for most of the variation in Physical Functioning, Bodily Pain and General Health. Social support accounted for most of the differences in Vitality and Social Functioning.

Conclusions
Payment source and social support accounted for much of the racial differences in physical and social function scores. Efforts to reduce racial differences might focus on improving social support networks and Socio-economic barriers.
Strategy for successful expression of the Pseudomonas putida nitrile hydratase activator P14K in Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Yi , Cui Wenjing , Fang Yueqin , Yu Yuechun , Cui Youtian , Xia Yuanyuan , Kobayashi Michihiko , Zhou Zhemin 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Activators of Nitrile hydratase (NHase) are essential for functional NHase biosynthesis. However, the activator P14K in P. putida is difficult to heterogeneously express, which retards the clarification of the mechanism of P14K involved in the maturation of NHase. Although a strep tag containing P14K (strep-P14K) was over-expressed, its low expression level and low stability affect the further analysis.

Results
We successfully expressed P14K through genetic modifications according to N-end rule and analyzed the mechanism for its difficult expression. We found that mutation of the second N-terminal amino-acid of the protein from lysine to alanine or truncating the N-terminal 16 amino-acid sequence resulted in successful expression of P14K. Moreover, fusion of a pelB leader and strep tag together (pelB-strep-P14K) at the N-terminus increased P14K expression. In addition, the pelB-strep-P14K was more stable than the strep-P14K.

Conclusions
Our results are not only useful for clarification of the role of P14K involved in the NHase maturation, but also helpful for heterologous expression of other difficult expression proteins.
Parallel improvement of left ventricular geometry and filling pressure after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in high risk aortic stenosis: comparison with major prosthetic surgery by standard echo Doppler evaluation
Authors: Costantino Marco Fabio , Galderisi Maurizio , Dores Ernesta , Innelli Pasquale , Tarsia Giandomenico , Di Natale Maurilio , Santoro Ciro , De Stefano Francesco , Esposito Roberta , de Simone Giovanni 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Purpose
The effect of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) on left ventricular (LV) geometry and function was compared to traditional aortic replacement (AVR) by major surgery.

Methods
45 patients with aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing TAVI and 33 AVR were assessed by standard echo Doppler the day before and 2 months after the implantation. 2D echocardiograms were performed to measure left ventricular (LV) mass index (LVMi), relative wall thickness (RWT), ejection fraction (EF) and the ratio between transmitral E velocity and early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus (E/e’ ratio). Valvular-arterial impedance (Zva) was also calculated.

Results
At baseline, the 2 groups were comparable for blood pressure, heart rate, body mass index mean transvalvular gradient and aortic valve area. TAVI patients were older (p<0.0001) and had greater LVMi (p<0.005) than AVR group. After 2 months, both the procedures induced a significant reduction of transvalvular gradient and Zva but the decrease of LVMi and RWT was significant greater after TAVI (both p<0.0001). E/e’ ratio and EF were significantly improved after both the procedure but E/e’ reduction was greater after TAVI (p<0.0001). TAVI exhibited greater percent reduction in mean transvalvular gradient (p<0.05), Zva (p<0.02), LVMi (p<0.0001), RWT (p<0.0001) and E/e’ ratio (p<0.0001) than AVR patients. Reduction of E/e’ ratio was positively related with reduction of RWT (r = 0.46, p<0.002) only in TAVI group, even after adjusting for age and percent reduction of Zva (r =0.43, p<0.005).

Conclusions
TAVI induces a greater improvement of estimated LV filling pressure in comparison with major prosthetic surgery, due to more pronounced recovery of LV geometry, independent on age and changes of hemodynamic load.
Laparoscopic upper vaginectomy for post-hysterectomy high risk vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia and superficially invasive vaginal carcinoma
Authors: Choi Youn Jin , Hur Soo Young , Park Jong Sup , Lee Keun Ho 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study is to describe the feasibility and efficacy of the laparoscopic upper vaginectomy (LUV) in vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia(VAIN) and superficially invasive vaginal carcinoma.

Methods
We studied patients with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) 2, VAIN 3, and superficially invasive vaginal carcinoma after hysterectomy who have been under laparoscopic upper vaginectomy between March 2010 and March 2012.

Results
Four patients underwent LUV after hysterectomy for high risk VAIN and early vaginal cancer. The mean age was 50.8 (range 40–56) years; the mean operation time was 162.5 (range 145–205) minutes; and the mean estimated blood loss was 55 (range 20–100) ml. All the patients restituted bladder function after the removal of the foley catheter. Mean hospital stay was 2 days. Two patients had postoperative complications. One patient with warfarin administration had vaginal stump bleeding and another developed vesico-vaginal fistula. Three of the patients had no residual lesion, but 1 patient had VAIN 1 in the resection margin. Colposcopy was followed on all patients and cytology proved no recurrence.

Conclusions
LUV after hysterectomy is a feasible procedure and attentively applicable to high risk VAIN or superficially invasive vaginal carcinoma.
Decoupling congestion control from TCP (semi-TCP) for multi-hop wireless networks
Authors: Cai Yegui , Jiang Shengming , Guan Quansheng , Yu F Richard 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Although many problems for transmission control protocol (TCP) in multi-hop wireless networks have been studied with many proposals in the literature, they are not solved completely yet. Different from the existing proposals to mitigate the limitation of TCP in multi-hop wireless networks, we propose a framework of semi-TCP which decouples two functionalities of traditional TCP, i.e., congestion control and reliability control, in order to get rid of the constraint of TCP’s congestion window on performance enhancement. Specifically, we employ hop-by-hop congestion control which is more efficient than its end-to-end counterpart since the control efficiency of the later relies on the availability of end-to-end connectivity which is difficult to sustain in wireless networks. We implement hop-by-hop congestion control via intra-node and inter-node congestion control, and propose a distributed hop-by-hop congestion control algorithm based on the widely used request-to-send/clear-to-send protocol. Such a semi-TCP retains the reliability control in original TCP. Extensive simulations based on network simulator-2 show the promising performance of semi-TCP over traditional schemes.