bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polar cap precursor of nightside auroral oval intensifications using polar cap arcs
Authors: Zou Ying , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Lyons Larry R. , Donovan Eric F. , Shiokawa Kazuo , Ruohoniemi J. Michael , McWilliams Kathryn A. , Nishitani Nozomu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRecent radar and optical observations suggested that localized fast flows in the polar cap precede disturbances within the nightside auroral oval. However, how commonly this connection occurs has been difficult to examine due to limited coverage of radar flow measurements and diffuse and dim nature of airglow patches. Polar cap arcs are also associated with fast flows in the polar cap and appear much brighter than patches, allowing evaluation of the interaction between polar cap structures and nightside aurora more definitively. We have surveyed data during six winter seasons and selected quasi‐steady polar cap arcs lasting >1 h. Thirty‐four arcs are found, and for the majority (~85%) of them, as they extend equatorward from high latitude, their contact with the nightside auroral poleward boundary is associated with new and substantial intensifications within the oval. These intensifications are localized (< ~1 h magnetic local time (MLT)) and statistically occur within 10 min and ±1 h MLT from the contact. They appear as poleward boundary intensifications in a thick auroral oval or an intensification of the only resolvable arc within a thin oval, and the latter can also exhibit substantial poleward expansion. When radar echoes are available, they corroborate the association of polar cap arcs with localized enhanced antisunward flows. That the observed oval intensifications are major disturbances that only occur after the impingement of polar cap arcs and near the contact longitude suggest that they are triggered by localized fast flows coming from deep in the polar cap.
Temperature, lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary, and heat flux beneath the Antarctic Plate inferred from seismic velocities
Authors: An Meijian , Wiens Douglas A. , Zhao Yue , Feng Mei , Nyblade Andrew , Kanao Masaki , Li Yuansheng , Maggi Alessia , Lévêque Jean‐Jacques 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe estimate the upper mantle temperature of the Antarctic Plate based on the thermoelastic properties of mantle minerals and S velocities using a new 3‐D shear velocity model, AN1‐S. Crustal temperatures and surface heat fluxes are then calculated from the upper mantle temperature assuming steady state thermal conduction. The temperature at the top of the asthenosphere beneath the oceanic region and West Antarctica is higher than the dry mantle solidus, indicating the presence of melt. From the temperature values, we generate depth maps of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary and the Curie temperature isotherm. The maps show that East Antarctica has a thick lithosphere similar to that of other stable cratons, with the thickest lithosphere (~250 km) between Domes A and C. The thin crust and lithosphere beneath West Antarctica are similar to those of modern subduction‐related rift systems in East Asia. A cold region beneath the Antarctic Peninsula is similar in spatial extent to that of a flat‐subducted slab beneath the southern Andes, indicating a possible remnant of the Phoenix Plate, which was subducted prior to 10 Ma. The oceanic lithosphere generally thickens with increasing age, and the age‐thickness correlation depends on the spreading rate of the ridge that formed the lithosphere. Significant flattening of the age‐thickness curves is not observed for the mature oceanic lithosphere of the Antarctic Plate.
Impact of Strand Number on Parallel β‐Sheet Stability
Authors: Kung Vanessa M. , Cornilescu Gabriel , Gellman Samuel H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe have examined whether parallel β‐sheet secondary structure becomes more stable as the number of β‐strands increases, via comparisons among peptides designed to adopt two‐ or three‐stranded parallel β‐sheet conformations in aqueous solution. Our three‐strand design is the first experimental model of a triple‐stranded parallel β‐sheet. Analysis of the designed peptides by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy supports the hypothesis that increasing the number of β‐strands, from two to three, increases the stability of the parallel β‐sheet. We present the first experimental evidence for cooperativity in the folding of a triple‐stranded parallel β‐sheet, and we show how minimal model systems may enable experimental documentation of characteristic properties, such as CD spectra, of parallel β‐sheets.
Red‐Light‐Induced Decomposition of an Organic Peroxy Radical: A New Source of the HO2 Radical
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Francisco Joseph S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe gas‐phase decomposition of the α‐hydroxy methylperoxy radical has been theoretically examined, and the results provide insight into a new source of the hydroperoxy radical (HO2) in the troposphere. Bimolecular peroxy decomposition is promoted by the red‐light or near‐IR radiation excitation. The calculations suggest for the first time, an important chemical role for the H2O⋅HO2 radical complex that exist in significant abundance in the troposphere. In particular, the reaction of organic peroxy radicals with the HO2 radical and the H2O⋅HO2 radical complex represent an autocatalytic source of atmospheric HO2. This reaction is a new example of red‐light‐initiated atmospheric chemistry that may help in understanding the discrepancy between the observed and measured levels of the HOx at sunrise.
Experimentally investigation of the effects of nanoparticles‐enriched ASP formulations on the spontaneous imbibition in a fractured sandstone reservoir
Authors: Rahimi Khosro , Adibifard Meisam , Hemmati Mahmoud , Shariat Panahi Homeira , Gerami Shahab 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAmong the chemical methods used in oil industry to boost the ultimate oil recovery, ASP (alkaline surfactant polymer) flooding has gained much attention because of beneficial effects related to simultaneous usage of three different chemical agents. This study is devoted to investigate the separate influences of each chemical agent in the ASP on the attained oil recovery. Furthermore, four different ASP formulations are prepared, and effects of hydrophilic nanoparticles are examined on the ASP spontaneous imbibition process. The utilized core sample in all experiment series belongs to one of the Iranian‐fractured sandstone reservoirs. Interfacial tension and contact angle measurements were also included in the experiments to investigate the effects of chemical solutions as well as hydrophilic nanoparticles on the indicated parameters. Results of the experiments indicate that ASP is an appropriate Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) approach not only because effects of each chemical agent on the recovered oil but also because beneficial effects relevant to combination of these chemical solutions. It was also revealed that inclusion of the nanoparticles can significantly increase the ultimate oil recovery because of additional decrease in the interfacial tension of the system and altering the rock's wettability toward a more water‐wetted one. Therefore, inclusion of the nanoparticles in the ASP systems should be considered for future ASP implementing schemes. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Anthropoid Crista Trochanterica and the Hip Joint Capsule
Authors: Hammond Ashley S. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe tubercle on the posterior aspect of the femoral neck (the crista trochanterica) has been repeatedly remarked upon because of its presence in early fossil apes, yet the function of this tubercle has eluded researchers. The prevailing explanation for the tubercle is that it relates to a strong ischiofemoral ligament, although none of the hypotheses for this bony projection have been systematically evaluated. This study surveyed 41 extant anthropoid species (n = 267 individuals) for the presence of a crista trochanterica. The soft tissue structures of the hip joint were then dissected and described for a sample of anthropoid cadavers (n = 14) in order to evaluate different hypotheses related to function of this tubercle. This study confirmed that the crista trochanterica is found in most cercopithecoids and platyrrhines, and is not present in great apes. The tubercle is rarely present in hylobatids, contrary to prior reports. The ischiofemoral ligament is not usually well‐developed in anthropoids and does not fully explain the crista trochanterica morphology, although all cadavers displayed a well‐developed zona orbicularis running along the posterior aspect of the joint capsule. The hip joint capsule itself inserted along the crista trochanterica in some individuals, typically those with an elongate crista trochanterica, but was highly variable in regards to the position of the tubercle. The hypotheses for the crista trochanterica are considered within the context of these findings, although the exact function of the tubercle remains unresolved. Anat Rec, 299:60–69, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonlinear Control of a Robot Manipulator with a Nonholonomic Jerk Constraint
Authors: Rubio‐Hervas Jaime , Reyhanoglu Mahmut 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe study the control of a prismatic‐prismatic‐revolute (PPR) robot manipulator subject to a nonholonomic jerk constraint, i.e., a third‐order nonintegrable design constraint. The mathematical model is obtained using the method of Lagrange multipliers. The control inputs are two forces and a torque applied to the prismatic joints and the revolute joint, respectively. The control objective is to control the robot end‐effector movement while keeping the transverse jerk component as zero. The main result of the paper is the construction of a feedback control algorithm that transfers the manipulator from any initial equilibrium configuration to the zero equilibrium configuration in finite time. The effectiveness of the algorithm is illustrated through a simulation example.
Aggregating tags for column‐free protein purification
Authors: Lin Zhanglin , Zhao Qing , Xing Lei , Zhou Bihong , Wang Xu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractProtein purification remains a central need for biotechnology. In recent years, a class of aggregating tags has emerged, which offers a quick, cost‐effective and column‐free alternative for producing recombinant proteins (and also peptides) with yield and purity comparable to that of the popular His‐tag. These column‐free tags induce the formation of aggregates (during or after expression) when fused to a target protein or peptide, and upon separation from soluble impurities, the target protein or peptide is subsequently released via a cleavage site. In this review, we categorize these tags as follows: (i) tags that induce inactive protein aggregates in vivo; (ii) tags that induce active protein aggregates in vivo; and (iii) tags that induce soluble expression in vivo, but aggregates in vitro. The respective advantages and disadvantages of these tags are discussed, and compared to the three conventional tags (His‐tag, maltose‐binding protein [MBP] tag, and intein‐mediated purification with a chitin‐binding tag [IMPACT‐CN]). While this new class of aggregating tags is promising, more systematic tests are required to further the use. It is conceivable, however, that the combination of these tags and the more traditional columns may significantly reduce the costs for resins and columns, particularly for the industrial scale.
miR‐539 induces cell cycle arrest in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by targeting cyclin‐dependent kinase 4
Authors: Lv Ling‐yan , Wang Yu‐zhi , Zhang Qian , Zang Hong‐rui , Wang Xing‐jie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDysregulation of microRNAs has been demonstrated to contribute to malignant progression of cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). miR‐539 was previously reported to be significantly downregulated in osteosarcoma. However, the potential role and mechanism of action of miR‐539 in the initiation and progression of NPC remain largely unknown. Quantitative reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR demonstrated that miR‐539 was significantly downregulated in NPC tumour tissues compared with nontumour tissues. The cell viability, colony formation assay and tumourigenicity assays in nude mice showed that miR‐539 could inhibit NPC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. The cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) was verified as a miR‐539 target gene using dual‐luciferase reporter assays, quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blotting and was involved in miR‐539‐regulated NPC cell growth. These results indicated that miR‐539 plays an important role in the initiation and progression of NPC by targeting CDK4 and the miR‐539/CDK4 pathway may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for NPC in the future. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autothermal Methane Oxidative Coupling Process over La2O3/MgO Catalysts
Authors: Tarasov Andrei L. , Kustov Leonid M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSome essential conditions necessary to reach an autothermal regime in methane oxidative coupling on La2O3/MgO catalysts were investigated. The following three ways can be suggested to transfer the process into the autothermal regime: (1) higher initial concentrations of reagents; (2) larger reactor diameter; (3) optimization of the flow rate and the preheating temperature. It was found that the optimal temperature of the autothermal regime of methane oxidative coupling is governed by the nature of the catalyst.
Keystroke dynamics‐based user authentication service for cloud computing
Authors: Abo‐alian Alshaimaa , Badr Nagwa L. , Tolba M. F. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryUser authentication is a crucial requirement for cloud service providers to prove that the outsourced data and services are safe from imposters. Keystroke dynamics is a promising behavioral biometrics for strengthening user authentication, however, current keystroke based solutions designed for certain datasets, for example, a fixed length text typed on a traditional personal computer keyboard and their authentication performances were not acceptable for other input devices nor free length text. Moreover, they suffer from a high dimensional feature space that degrades the authentication accuracy and performance.In this paper, a keystroke dynamics based authentication system is proposed for cloud environments that is applicable to fixed and free text typed on traditional and touch screen keyboards. The proposed system utilizes different feature extraction methods, as a preprocessing step, to minimize the feature space dimensionality. Moreover, different fusion rules are evaluated to combine the different feature extraction methods so that a set of the most relevant features is chosen. Because of the huge number of users' samples, a clustering method is applied to the users' profile templates to reduce the verification time. The proposed system is applied to three different benchmark datasets using three different classifiers. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐Performance Isocyanide Scavengers for Use in Low‐Waste Purification of Olefin Metathesis Products
Authors: Szczepaniak Grzegorz , Urbaniak Katarzyna , Wierzbicka Celina , Kosiński Krzysztof , Skowerski Krzysztof , Grela Karol 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThree isocyanides containing a tertiary nitrogen atom were investigated for use as small‐molecule ruthenium scavenging agents in the workup of olefin metathesis reactions. The proposed compounds are odorless, easy to obtain, and highly effective in removing metal residues, sometimes bringing the metal content below 0.0015 ppm. The most successful of the tested compounds, II, performs very well, even with challenging polar products. The performance of these scavengers is compared and contrasted with other known techniques, such as silica gel filtration and the use of self‐scavenging catalysts. As a result, a new hybrid purification method is devised, which gives better results than using either a self‐scavenging catalyst or a scavenger alone. Additionally, isocyanide II is shown to be a deactivating (reaction quenching) agent for olefin metathesis and superior to ethyl vinyl ether.
CMOS Non‐tailed differential pair
Authors: Di Cataldo Giuseppe , Grasso Alfio Dario , Pennisi Salvatore , Scotti Giuseppe , Trifiletti Alessandro 
Published: November 2015

SummaryA continuous‐time complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor differential pair that does not require the traditional tail current source as a way to control the direct current and common‐mode current is presented. Compared with a p‐channel long‐tailed pair, the proposed non‐tailed solution operates under a higher maximum input common‐mode voltage that includes (VDD + VSS)/2 even under low supply voltages. Experimental measurements on a prototype fabricated in a 0.35‐µm technology (with metal–oxide–semiconductor thresholds greater than 0.6 V) confirm this behavior for supply voltages as low as 1.2 V, whereas the long‐tailed pair with the same technology offers the same capability only for supplies higher than 1.6 V. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations of stream health with altered flow and water temperature in the Sierra Nevada, California
Authors: Carlisle Daren M. , Nelson S. Mark , May Jason 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAlteration of streamflow and thermal conditions may adversely affect lotic invertebrate communities, but few studies have assessed these phenomena using indicators that control for the potentially confounding influence of natural variability. We designed a study to assess how flow and thermal alteration influence stream health – as indicated by the condition of invertebrate communities. We studied thirty streams in the Sierra Nevada, California, that span a wide range of hydrologic modification due to storage reservoirs and hydroelectric diversions. Daily water temperature and streamflows were monitored, and basic chemistry and habitat conditions were characterized when invertebrate communities were sampled. Streamflow alteration, thermal alteration, and invertebrate condition were quantified by predicting site‐specific natural expectations using statistical models developed using data from regional reference sites. Monthly flows were typically depleted (relative to natural expectations) during fall, winter, and spring. Most hydrologically altered sites experienced cooled thermal conditions in summer, with mean daily temperatures as much 12 °C below natural expectations. The most influential predictor of invertebrate community condition was the degree of alteration of March flows, which suggests that there are key interactions between hydrological and biological processes during this month in Sierra Nevada streams. Thermal alteration was also an important predictor – particularly at sites with the most severe hydrological alteration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing instream habitat suitability and hydraulic signatures of geomorphic units in a reconstructed single thread meandering channel
Authors: Cockburn J.M.H. , Villard P.V. , Hutton C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStream channel reaches consist of a series of geomorphic units (e.g. pools, runs and riffles) that mitigate flow velocity and provide a variety of aquatic habitat. The hydraulic signature of each geomorphic unit is unique and should remain so during variable flow conditions in order to satisfy habitat requirements. We use the hydraulic signatures measured at different geomorphic units in a recent channel realignment project to evaluate suitability of reaches and geomorphological units for target fish species. In 2009, 650 m of creek and valley were realigned in Brampton, Ontario, to facilitate development. In 2013, water velocity, depth, temperature and channel substrate were measured at cross‐sections between 1 May and 15 October. The assessment illustrated that while geomorphic units have unique signatures during moderate to low‐flow conditions, at high‐flow conditions the boundaries between geomorphic units blurred. Furthermore, our findings suggest that suitable water depth, velocity and temperature conditions existed at least 68% of the time over the entire study period but was reduced during the estimated spawning period for the target species. Specifically, water depth was only ideal for approximately 38% of the spawning period. Finally, in cases where both geomorphic and ecologic systems interface (e.g. channel restoration), it is important to view the whole picture. This study contributes to the on‐going discussion on restoration and success and is particularly useful in light of recent stream restoration trends in rapidly expanding urban regions around the globe. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Priority consideration in inter‐WBAN data scheduling and aggregation for monitoring systems
Authors: Bradai Nourchène , Charfi Emna , Fourati Lamia Chaari , Kamoun Lotfi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWireless body area networks (WBANs) are composed of small intelligent tiny wireless sensors; these sensors are responsible for collecting information of a patient's vital signs and transmitting vital information. WBAN offers mobility to patients and flexibility to medical staff. An increase of the deployment of monitoring systems on patients promotes researchers and developers to focus on issues related to WBAN. Quality of service (QoS) has been always treated as a major issue in WBAN technology, and scheduling as a packet prioritizing mechanism contributes to QoS guarantee provisioning significantly. In this paper, two novel inter‐WBAN data scheduling and aggregation are developed for monitoring systems in order to satisfy QoS requirements in WBAN networks. We introduced a novel parameter called critical delay to serve packets taking into account their priorities and classify them into an aggregated frame to be further transmitted to medical server. The proposed scheme provides QoS‐guaranteed service for the applications running on the sensor nodes in all the three aspects of QoS, that is, delay, throughput and packet loss. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of smoke gases and temperatures during car fire – large‐scale and small‐scale tests and numerical investigations
Authors: Krüger Simone , Hofmann Anja , Berger Anka , Gude Nicolas 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe hazards for passengers during vehicle fires result from the increasing temperature and the emitted smoke gases. A fire was set on a car to investigate the development of temperature and of gaseous fire products in the passenger compartment. The study was based on a full‐scale test with a reconstructed scene of a serious car fire. The aim of this work was to identify the conditions for self‐rescuing of passengers during a car fire. A dummy, equipped with several thermocouples, was placed on the driver's seat. Also, the smoke gases were continuously collected through a removable probe sensor corresponding to the nose of the dummy in the passenger compartment and analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, several car components were investigated in the smoke density chamber (smoke emission and smoke gas composition). It was found that the toxic gases already reached hazardous levels by 5 min, while the temperatures at the dummy were at that time less than 80 °C. The toxicity of smoke gases was assessed using the fractional effective dose concept. The various experimentally parameters (temperature and smoke gas composition) were implemented into numerical simulations with fire dynamics simulator. Both the experimental data and the numerical simulations are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.