bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local topography and erosion rate control regolith thickness along a ridgeline in the Sierra Nevada, California
Authors: Gabet Emmanuel J. , Mudd Simon M. , Milodowski David T. , Yoo Kyungsoo , Hurst Martin D. , Dosseto Anthony 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe ridgelines of mountain ranges are a source of geomorphic information unadulterated by the arrival of sediment from upslope. Studies along ridgecrests, therefore, can help identify and isolate the controls on important regolith properties such as thickness and texture. A 1.5 km section of ridgeline in the Sierra Nevada (CA) with a tenfold decrease in erosion rate (inferred from ridgetop convexity) provided an opportunity to conduct a high‐resolution survey of regolith properties and investigate their controls. We found that regolith along the most quickly eroding section of the ridge was the rockiest and had the lowest clay concentrations. Furthermore, a general increase in regolith thickness with a slowing of erosion rate was accompanied by an increase in biomass, changes in vegetation community, broader ridgeline profiles, and an apparent increase in total available moisture. The greatest source of variation in regolith thickness at the 10–100 m scale, however, was the local topography along the ridgeline, with the deepest regolith in the saddles and the thinnest on the knobs. Because regolith in the saddles had higher surface soil moisture than the knobs, we conclude that the hydrological conditions primarily driven by local topography (i.e. rapid vs. slow drainage and water‐storage potential) provide the fundamental controls on regolith thickness through feedbacks incorporating physical weathering by the biota and chemical weathering. Moreover, because the ridgeline saddles are the uppermost extensions of first‐order valleys, we propose that the fluvial network affects regolith properties in the furthest reaches of the watershed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radial basis function (RBF)‐based parametric models for closed and open curves within the method of regularized stokeslets
Authors: Shankar Varun , Olson Sarah D. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe method of regularized Stokeslets (MRS) is a numerical approach using regularized fundamental solutions to compute the flow due to an object in a viscous fluid where inertial effects can be neglected. The elastic object is represented as a Lagrangian structure, exerting point forces on the fluid. The forces on the structure are often determined by a bending or tension model, previously calculated using finite difference approximations. In this paper, we study spherical basis function (SBF), radial basis function (RBF), and Lagrange–Chebyshev parametric models to represent and calculate forces on elastic structures that can be represented by an open curve, motivated by the study of cilia and flagella. The evaluation error for static open curves for the different interpolants, as well as errors for calculating normals and second derivatives using different types of clustered parametric nodes, is given for the case of an open planar curve. We determine that SBF and RBF interpolants built on clustered nodes are competitive with Lagrange–Chebyshev interpolants for modeling twice‐differentiable open planar curves. We propose using SBF and RBF parametric models within the MRS for evaluating and updating the elastic structure. Results for open and closed elastic structures immersed in a 2D fluid are presented, showing the efficacy of the RBF–Stokeslets method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disease control and toxicity outcomes for T4 carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Takiar Vinita , Ma Dominic , Garden Adam S. , Li Jing , Rosenthal David I. , Beadle Beth M. , Frank Steven J. , Fuller Clifton D. , Gunn Gary B. , Morrison William H. , Hutcheson Kate , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Gold Kathryn A. , Kupferman Michael E. , Phan Jack 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundTreatment of T4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is challenging because of the proximity of the tumor to the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to present our evaluation of disease control and toxicity outcomes for patients with T4 NPC treated with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and chemotherapy.MethodsThe medical records of 66 patients with T4 NPC treated from 2002 to 2012 with IMRT were reviewed. Endpoints included tumor control and toxicity outcomes (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE v4.0]).ResultsMedian follow‐up was 38 months. Five‐year rates of locoregional control, distant metastasis‐free survival, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were 80%, 62%, 57%, and 69%, respectively. Nodal involvement was associated with worse PFS (p = .015). Gross target volume (GTV) volume >100 cm and planning target volume (PTV) volume >400 cm were associated with worse OS (p = .038 and p = .004, respectively). Four patients had significant cognitive impairment, and 9 had MRI evidence of brain necrosis.ConclusionFor patients with T4 NPC treated with IMRT and chemotherapy, survival and locoregional disease control rates have improved; however, late treatment toxicity remains a concern. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E925–E933, 2016
Responsible Grammar Rebels
Authors: Simmons Amber M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBuilding off of students’ interest in popular apocalyptic/dystopian literature, this article explores how passages from Suzanne Collins's The Hunger Games trilogy aided in teaching students how to successfully rebel against traditional grammar rules, looking at fragments as intentional stylistic choices. Employing the values of systemic functional linguistics, students embraced the view of grammar as a set of choices made by the author to construct meaning rather than a set of rules, as evidenced by student discussion and writing samples. This reflective practitioner piece suggests that after engaging in the learning activity, students’ use of fragments indicated an ability to control the English language and understand of the complexity and nuance of language and structure. Furthermore, the use of fragments added style and depth to students’ writing and did not detract from the clarity of their prose or the integrity of their responses to writing prompts.
Assessment of human sinus cavity air volume using tunable diode laser spectroscopy, with application to sinusitis diagnostics
Authors: Huang Jing , Zhang Hao , Li Tianqi , Lin Huiying , Svanberg Katarina , Svanberg Sune 
Published: May 2015

Sinusitis is a very common disease and improved diagnostic tools are desirable also in view of reducing over‐prescription of antibiotics. A non‐intrusive optical technique called GASMAS (GAs in Scattering Media Absorption Spectroscopy), which has a true potential of being developed into an important complement to other means of detection, was utilized in this work. Water vapor in the frontal sinuses, related to the free gas volume, was studied at around 937 nm in healthy volunteers. The results show a good stability of the GASMAS signals over extended times for the frontal sinuses for all volunteers, showing promising applicability to detect anomalies due to sinusitis. Measurements were also performed following the application of a decongestion spray. No noticeable signal change was observed, which is consistent with the fact that the water vapor concentration is given by the temperature only, and is not influenced by changes in cavity ventilation.
Evaluated GASMAS data recorded on 6 consecutive days show signal stability for the left and right frontal sinus in one of the test volonteers.magnified imageEvaluated GASMAS data recorded on 6 consecutive days show signal stability for the left and right frontal sinus in one of the test volonteers.
In situ coronary stent paving by Pluronic F127–alginate gel blends: Formulation and erosion tests
Authors: Dalmoro Annalisa , Barba Anna Angela , Grassi Mario , Grassi Gabriele , Lamberti Gaetano 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this work the development of an experimental protocol to perform the in situ gel‐paving of coronary stent is presented. Biocompatible aqueous blends of Pluronic F127 and sodium alginates are used as potential drug dosage system for pharmacological in situ treatment of coronary in‐stent restenosis. Pluronic F127/alginate aqueous blend has the unique characteristic to be liquid at room condition and to form gel at physiological temperature. The proposed protocol is based on the blend injection on stent wall previously implanted in a flexible silicon pipe mimicking the coronary artery. Injected blend is warmed up until human body temperature achieving a soft gel, then it is reticulated by copper bivalent ions to obtain an hard gel. To test the gel paving resistance to erosion phenomena when it is exposed to fluid flux (i.e. blood flux) a dedicated device, (the Simulated Artery Device, SAD), was built to simulate the human circulatory apparatus. The SAD is an hydraulic circuit in which a buffer solution (at pH 7.4) was fluxed by a peristaltic pump through the pipe hosting the covered stent. Erosion tests were performed monitoring, by gravimetric and spectrophotometric methods, the residual mass anchored to stent mesh after given times. The obtained results showed that the in situ gel‐paving developed protocol was efficacious and reliable. The gel‐paving was completely eroded in a time of the same order of magnitude of the physiological period required to restore the coronary lesion (subsequent to the atheroma removal) and of a pharmacological therapy to inhibit the in‐stent‐restenosis pathology. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1013–1022, 2016.
Evaluation of silver‐titanium implants activated by low intensity direct current for orthopedic infection control: An in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Cavanaugh Daniel L. , Tan Zhuo (George) , Norris James P. , Hardee Amelia , Weinhold Paul S. , Dahners Laurence E. , Orndorff Paul E. , Shirwaiker Rohan A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSilver is an alternative antimicrobial of interest for the prophylaxis of prosthetic infections and electrical activation is known to augment its oligodynamic efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a silver (Ag)‐titanium (Ti) implant activated by 30 µA direct current compared with three controls – passive Ag‐Ti, active Ti‐Ti, and passive Ti‐Ti. We hypothesized that the experimental group would provide better resistance to pathogenic colonization on the implant. Modified Kirby‐Bauer technique was used to evaluate in vitro efficacy of the four groups against five bacteria and one fungus. For in vivo evaluation, forty‐eight rats were divided into four groups. The implant was secured in a wound cavity along the posterior margin of the femur. The wound was inoculated with 7.5 × 105 CFU of Staphylococcus aureus. Rats were euthanized 14 days postsurgery and quantitative cultures were performed on the implant segments and the wound cavity tissue. In vitro tests showed that the growth of all six pathogens was inhibited around the active Ag anodes of the experimental group. In vivo, none of the four groups were able to prevent wound infection, but the experimental group resulted in reduced colonization. The mean bacterial loads on Ti segments were significantly lower in the implants which also had an Ag segment (p = 0.0007), and this effect was more pronounced with electrical activation (p = 0.0377). The results demonstrate the antimicrobial potential of LIDC‐activated Ag‐Ti implants. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1023–1031, 2016.
Preserved pharmacokinetic exposure and distinct glycemic effects of insulin degludec and liraglutide in IDegLira, a fixed‐ratio combination therapy
Authors: Kapitza Christoph , Bode Bruce , Ingwersen Steen Hvass , Jacobsen Lisbeth Vestergård , Poulsen Pernille 
Published: May 2015

AbstractInsulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) is a novel fixed‐ratio combination of the basal insulin insulin degludec (IDeg) and liraglutide, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analog. The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of IDegLira were assessed versus its components. A single‐dose, randomized, 4‐period crossover clinical pharmacology study in healthy subjects compared the bioavailability of IDegLira with its monocomponents. Dose proportionality, covariate effects on exposure, and exposure–response for change in glycated hemoglobin were analyzed based on data from a randomized treat‐to‐target phase 3 study in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Overall, the PK properties of IDeg and liraglutide were preserved for IDegLira. Liraglutide exposure was lower when dosed as IDegLira but met the criterion for equivalence. No relevant deviations from dose proportionality for the IDegLira components were observed. Covariate effects on exposure were consistent with previous results. Glycemic response to IDegLira was larger than with IDeg or liraglutide alone, reflecting their distinct glucose‐lowering effects throughout the dose/exposure range.
Reproducing room appearance on displays
Authors: Xu Lihao , Luo Ming Ronnier , Liu Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper aims to successfully reproduce a real lit environment as an image on a self‐luminous computer display. The International Commission on Illumination‐recommended color appearance model CIECAM02 was used as the core of the whole reproduction system. Two experiments were conducted: to verify the values of the surround parameters specified in CIECAM02 and to produce equal perceived brightness between the room and the computer display by adjusting the illuminance level of the lighting in the room to match that of the displayed image.
Nearly 3,000 salivary stones: Some clinical and epidemiologic aspects
Authors: Sigismund Paolo E. , Zenk Johannes , Koch Michael , Schapher Mirco , Rudes Mihael , Iro Heinrich 
Published: May 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate epidemiological features and symptoms of sialolithiasis and their implications for diagnosis and management.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsRetrospective analysis on 2,322 patients with sialolithiasis, between 1987 and 2009. The statistical significance between two sample distributions was computed using analysis of variance Student t test for two‐tailed distribution.ResultsA total of 2,959 calculi were identified by means of ultrasound. Of those, 80.4% were located in the submandibular duct system (53% hilar/proximal, 37% distal, 10% intraparenchymal) and 19.6% were parotid stones (83% in Stensen's duct, 17% intraparenchymal). Sialoliths had been discovered beforehand in the submandibular gland (P = 0.00024; t test). Symptoms, measured from first visit, lasted on average 26 months (range: 1 day–30 years). The main group suffered from swelling (50.3%), followed by painful swelling (41.6%) and pain (3.1%). Multiple stones were found in 16.9% of patients (18.1% in the submandibular gland; 14.3% in the parotid). Average stone diameter in the submandibular gland was 8.3 mm (range 1–35 mm), and the stones were in Lustmann group II (46%). In the parotid gland, the average diameter was 6.4 mm (range 1–31 mm), and 51% were in Lustmann group I.ConclusionNowadays, epidemiologic features and clinical manifestations of sialolithiasis play an important role, assisting not only in diagnosis but also in determining appropriate treatment. Due to their location and smaller diameter, parotid stones in some cases can only be treated using a mini‐invasive endoscopic technique. Submandibular stones more often require a combined approach.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:1879–1882, 2015
Pang‐Rotenberg sign—snoring surgery prognosticator: A prospective clinical trial of 153 patients
Authors: Pang Kenny P. , Kishore Srivinas , Kit Joseph Chung Chun , Pang Edward B. , Chan Yiong Huak , Keat Siow Jin , Rotenberg Brian 
Published: May 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo illustrate the reliability of the Pang‐Rotenberg (PR) sign as a prognosticator of snoring surgery. Our hypothesis was that patients who are PR‐positive have better snoring reduction scores and outcomes than PR‐negative patients after nose and palate surgery.Study DesignA multicenter prospective series of 153 patients with snoring.MethodsAll patients graded the snoring intensity on a visual analog scale (VAS). All 137 patients enrolled had both the nose surgery and palate surgery. The control group consisted of 16 patients who underwent nasal surgery alone.ResultsThere were 122 men and 15 women, the mean age was 44.6 years old, and mean body mass index was 26.1. There were 15 simple snorers and 122 obstructive sleep apnea patients. Patients who were PR‐positive showed significantly better postoperative snoring VAS reduction (from 9.04 to 1.02) compared to those patients who were PR‐negative (from 8.91 to 3.14) (P < .001). The mean follow‐up time was 7.4 months. The control group had poor snoring VAS reduction from 9.21 to 6.72. After adjusting for covariates that influence the snoring VAS change due to surgery, we found that PR‐negative patients achieved an average of 5.78 improvement in snoring VAS, whereas PR‐positive patients achieved an average of 8.02 improvement in snoring VAS (P < .001).ConclusionsThe PR sign is a reliable prognosticator of snoring reduction, after combined nose and palate surgery, for patients with troublesome snoring.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 126:260–265, 2016
Crystallization‐Driven Self‐Assembly of Rod–Coil–Rod Pseudopolyrotaxanes into Spherical Micelles, Nanorods, and Nanorings in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Qi Rui , Jin Yong , Cheng Xinfeng , Fan Baozhu , Sun Tongbing , Peng Shaojun , Li Hanping 
Published: May 2015

A novel rod‐containing block copolymer is constructed by supramacromolecular self‐assembly of α‐cyclodextrin and a triblock copolymer with methoxy polyethylene glycol as the flanking chains and the midterm block alternately connected by 2,2‐dimethylolbutyric acid and isophorone diisocyanate. The assembled rod‐containing block copolymer shows an exciting phenomenon of concentration‐ and pH‐dependent morphological switching of well‐defined nanostructures. In the solutions at pH 9.2, spherical micelles, rod‐like micelles, and hydrogel are observed successively with an increase of the concentration. Notably, the rod‐like micelles are composed of spherical segments due to the combination of the crystalline cores of the spherical micelles. In addition, 1D nanostructures with different curvatures from linear rod‐like micelles (pH 9.2) to ring‐shaped micelles (pH 7.5) can be obtained by controlling the pH values of the assembled systems.
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Prediction of remission in obsessive compulsive disorder using a novel machine learning strategy
Authors: Askland Kathleen D. , Garnaat Sarah , Sibrava Nicholas J. , Boisseau Christina L. , Strong David , Mancebo Maria , Greenberg Benjamin , Rasmussen Steve , Eisen Jane 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe study objective was to apply machine learning methodologies to identify predictors of remission in a longitudinal sample of 296 adults with a primary diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Random Forests is an ensemble machine learning algorithm that has been successfully applied to large‐scale data analysis across vast biomedical disciplines, though rarely in psychiatric research or for application to longitudinal data. When provided with 795 raw and composite scores primarily from baseline measures, Random Forest regression prediction explained 50.8% (5000‐run average, 95% bootstrap confidence interval [CI]: 50.3–51.3%) of the variance in proportion of time spent remitted. Machine performance improved when only the most predictive 24 items were used in a reduced analysis. Consistently high‐ranked predictors of longitudinal remission included Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y‐BOCS) items, NEO items and subscale scores, Y‐BOCS symptom checklist cleaning/washing compulsion score, and several self‐report items from social adjustment scales. Random Forest classification was able to distinguish participants according to binary remission outcomes with an error rate of 24.6% (95% bootstrap CI: 22.9–26.2%). Our results suggest that clinically‐useful prediction of remission may not require an extensive battery of measures. Rather, a small set of assessment items may efficiently distinguish high‐ and lower‐risk patients and inform clinical decision‐making. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A generalized slab‐wise framework for parallel transmit multiband RF pulse design
Authors: Wu Xiaoping , Schmitter Sebastian , Auerbach Edward J. , Uğurbil Kâmil , Van de Moortele Pierre‐François 
Published: May 2015

PurposeWe propose a new slab‐wise framework to design parallel transmit multiband pulses for volumetric simultaneous multislice imaging with a large field of view along the slice direction (FOVs).Theory and MethodsThe slab‐wise framework divides FOVs into a few contiguous slabs and optimizes pulses for each slab. Effects of relevant design parameters including slab number and transmit B1 (B1+) mapping slice placement were investigated for human brain imaging by designing pulses with global or local SAR control based on electromagnetic simulations of a 7T head RF array. Pulse design using in vivo B1+ maps was demonstrated and evaluated with Bloch simulations.ResultsRF performance with respect to SAR reduction or B1+ homogenization across the entire human brain improved with increasing slabs; however, this improvement was nonlinear and leveled off at ∼12 slabs when the slab thickness reduced to ∼12 mm. The impact of using different slice placements for B1+ mapping was small.ConclusionCompared with slice‐wise approaches where each of the many imaging slices requires both B1+ mapping and pulse optimization, the proposed slab‐wise design framework attained comparable RF performance while drastically reducing the number of required pulses; therefore, it can be used to increase time efficiency for B1+ mapping, pulse calculation, and sequence preparation. Magn Reson Med 75:1444–1456, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiac perfusion imaging using hyperpolarized 13c urea using flow sensitizing gradients
Authors: Lau Angus Z. , Miller Jack J. , Robson Matthew D. , Tyler Damian J. 
Published: May 2015

PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of imaging the first passage of a bolus of hyperpolarized 13C urea through the rodent heart using flow‐sensitizing gradients to reduce signal from the blood pool.MethodsA flow‐sensitizing bipolar gradient was optimized to reduce the bright signal within the cardiac chambers, enabling improved contrast of the agent within the tissue capillary bed. The gradient was incorporated into a dynamic golden angle spiral 13C imaging sequence. Healthy rats were scanned during rest (n = 3) and under adenosine stress‐induced hyperemia (n = 3).ResultsA two‐fold increase in myocardial perfusion relative to rest was detected during adenosine stress‐induced hyperemia, consistent with a myocardial perfusion reserve of two in rodents.ConclusionThe new pulse sequence was used to obtain dynamic images of the first passage of hyperpolarized 13C urea in the rodent heart, without contamination from bright signal within the neighboring cardiac lumen. This probe of myocardial perfusion is expected to enable new hyperpolarized 13C studies in which the cardiac metabolism/perfusion mismatch can be identified. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Magn Reson Med 75:1474–1483, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance.