bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thymic Hyperplasia With Lymphoepithelial Sialadenitis (LESA)–like Features
Authors: Weissferdt Annikka , Moran Cesar A. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Four cases of an unusual type of thymic hyperplasia strongly resembling lymphoepithelial sialadenitis (LESA) of the salivary glands are described. The patients were 2 men and 2 women aged 37 to 53 years. On histologic examination, abundant lymphoid tissue with lymphoid follicles containing germinal centers and areas of plasma cell infiltration were seen. The epithelial component consisted of a proliferation of Hassall corpuscles and islands of thymic epithelial cells. Cystic changes and lymphoepithelial lesions were identified in all cases, but a monocytoid B-cell population was absent. On immunohistochemical examination, a mixed B- and T-cell population was identified, and polymerase chain reaction performed in 1 case showed polyclonality. Follow-up revealed that all patients were alive 5 months to 9 years after diagnosis. The cases in this series represent a distinct type of thymic hyperplasia that histologically strongly resembles LESA. The clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features are presented, and a possible relationship with thymic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is discussed.
Nitrate Reduction by Redox-Activated, Polydiallyldimethylammonium-Exchanged Ferruginous Smectite
Authors: Su Kai , Radian Adi , Mishael Yael , Yang Lizhong , Stucki Joseph W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNitrate is linked to chronic human illness and to a variety of environmental problems, and continues to be a contaminant of concern in soils and natural waters. Improved methods for nitrate abatement, thus, are still needed. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential for redox-modified, iron-bearing clay minerals to act as nitrate decontamination agents in natural environments. The model clay mineral tested was ferruginous smectite (sample SWa-1) exchanged with either sodium (Na+) or polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (poly-DADMAC). Structural iron (Fe) in SWa-1 was in either the oxidized or reduced state. Little nitrate uptake was observed in the Na+-SWa-1, which was attributed to coulombic repulsion between the basal surfaces of the smectite and the nitrate anion. The addition of the DADMAC to the SWa-1 reversed the electrostatic charge manifested at the smectite surface from negative to positive, as measured by the zeta (ζ) potential. The positively charged poly-DADMAC-SWa-1 yielded high nitrate uptake due to coulombic attraction in both the oxidized and reduced states of the Fe in the SWa-1. The presence of reduced structural Fe(II) in the positively charged poly-DADMAC-SWa-1 enabled a chemical reduction reaction with the nitrate to produce nitrite. The amounts of nitrite found in solution, however, failed to account for all of the Fe(II) oxidized, so other N reduction products may also have formed or perhaps nitrite was also present in the adsorbed phase. The effects of other complexities, such as polymer configuration at the surface, also need further investigation. The results do clearly establish abiotic nitrate reduction to nitrite and possibly other reduction products. The combination of bacterial activity in soils and sediments, which is known to reduce structural Fe in smectites, and the abundance of organic cations in soil organic matter creates an environment where reversed-charge smectite could exist in nature. This represents a potentially effective system for mitigating harmful effects of nitrate in soils, sediments, groundwater, and surface water.
Rietveld Refinement of Disordered Illite-Smectite Mixed-Layer Structures by a Recursive Algorithm. II: Powder-Pattern Refinement and Quantitative Phase Analysis
Authors: Ufer Kristian , Kleeberg Reinhard , Bergmann Jörg , Dohrmann Reiner 
Published: December 2012

AbstractX-ray diffraction (XRD) of powdered materials is one of the most common methods used for structural characterization as well as for the quantification of mineral contents in mixtures. The application of the Rietveld method for that purpose requires structure models for each phase. The recursive calculation of structure factors was applied here to the Rietveld refinement of XRD powder patterns of illite-smectite (I-S) minerals. This approach allowed implementation of stacking disorder in structural models. Models for disordered stacking of cis-vacant and trans-vacant dioctahedral 2:1 layers as well as rotational disorder were combined with models for mixed layering of illitic and smectitic layers.The DIFFaX code was used to simulate non-basal (hk) reflections of illites with different degrees of disorder. Rietveld refinements of these simulated patterns were used to evaluate the application of this new approach. A model describing rotational disorder (n·120° and n·60° rotations) and mixed layering of cis-vacant and trans-vacant dioctahedral layers was tested. Different starting parameters led to identical results within the ranges of standard deviations and confirmed the stability of the automatic refinement procedure. The influence on the refinement result of an incorrect choice of fixed parameters was demonstrated.The hk model was combined with models describing the basal reflections of disordered I-S and tested on measured data. A glauconitic mineral (Urkut, Hungary), an ordered I-S (ISCz-1, a special clay in the Source Clays Repository of The Clay Minerals Society), and a dioctahedral I-S (F4, Füzérradvány, Hungary) were used as test substances. Parameters describing the mixed layering of illitic and smectitic layers were compared with the results from refinements of oriented mounts and showed good agreement. A pattern of a physical mixture of an I-S mineral and a turbostratically disordered smectite was analyzed in order to test the new approach for application in quantitative phase analysis. The quantitative Rietveld phase analysis results were found to be satisfactory.
Online Exposure for Spider Phobia: Continuous Versus Intermittent Exposure
Authors: Matthews Allison J. , Wong Zee H. , Scanlan Joel D. , Kirkby Ken C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground: The aim of this research was to evaluate an online exposure treatment for spider phobia (www.feardrop.com) and to investigate the effects of intermittent versus continuous exposure.Methods: Spider phobic participants (N = 23) completed two 14-minute stages of laboratory-based online exposure. In the first of these stages exposure was either continuous or intermittent (alternating fearrelevant and -irrelevant images). One week later, participants commenced a sixstage home-based graded online exposure task, which was undertaken over 30 days. Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) ratings were taken throughout all exposure stages. Spider fear was assessed prior to treatment, and at 1-week and 1-month post treatment.Results: Habituation was observed across each stage for both the laboratory and home-based tasks and generalisation of habituation was found between stages. Habituation was not impaired in the alternating fear-relevant and -irrelevant image condition, though subjects experienced less summed anxiety. Adherence rates were low in home-based online exposure. However, participants who completed 30-days post-treatment assessment (n = 14) showed a significant reduction in spider fear as measured by the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ).Conclusions: Online exposure produces habituation and generalisation of habituation to spider images as well as longer-term reductions in spider fear. Alternating fear-relevant and -irrelevant exposure is feasible in online exposure and may lead to habituation with less summed anxiety that has implications for tolerability and acceptability. Measures to increase adherence rates and hence dosage delivered are a key consideration for further online exposure research.
SEZ-led Growth in Taiwan, Korea, and India: Implementing a Successful Strategy
Authors: Aggarwal Aradhna 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The present study examines the ingredients of strategic state intervention in growth driven by special economic zones (SEZs). Analyzing the experiences of Taiwan, South Korea, and India, the research reveals that essential components of a strategic SEZ policy include the spirit of experimentation with strategic policy making informed by a medium- to long-term vision, as well as a strong commitment, pragmatic approach, dynamic learning, and institution-building.
TSH and free triiodothyronine concentrations are associated with weight loss in a lifestyle intervention and weight regain afterwards in obese children
Authors: Wolters Barbara , Lass Nina , Reinehr Thomas 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveThe impact of thyroid hormones on weight loss in lifestyle interventions and on weight regain afterwards is unknown. Therefore, we studied the relationships between TSH, free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and weight status, as well as their changes during and after a lifestyle intervention in obese children.Materials and methodsWe evaluated the weight status as BMI–SDS in 477 obese children (mean age 10.6±2.7 years, 46% male, mean BMI 28.1±4.5 kg/m2) participating in a 1-year lifestyle intervention in a 2-year longitudinal study. Changes in BMI–SDS at 1 and 2 years were correlated with TSH, fT3, and fT4concentrations at baseline and their changes during the intervention.ResultsA decrease in BMI–SDS during the intervention period (−0.32±0.38;P<0.001) was significantly positively associated with baseline TSH and fT3in multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, pubertal stage, and baseline BMI–SDS. An increase in BMI–SDS after the end of the intervention (+0.05±0.36;P=0.011) was significantly related to the decreases in TSH and fT3during the intervention in multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for change in BMI–SDS during the intervention. In contrast to children with weight maintenance, children with weight regain after the end of the intervention demonstrated a decrease in their TSH levels (−0.1±1.6 vs +0.2±1.6 mU/l;P=0.03) and fT3(−0.2±1.1 vs +0.3±1.6 pg/ml;P<0.001) during the intervention.ConclusionsThe decreases in TSH and fT3concentrations during the lifestyle intervention were associated with weight regain after the intervention. Future studies should confirm that the decreases in TSH and fT3levels associated with weight loss are related to the change in metabolism such as resting energy expenditure.
The Influence of Ni on the Transport Properties of CoSb3
Authors: Uher Ctirad , Dyck Jeffrey S. , Chen Wei , Meisner Gregory P. , Yanga Jihui 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe effect of Ni doping on the Co site of the binary skutterudite CoSb3 is investigated. We measured resistivity, Hall effect, magnetoresistance, thermopower, thermal conductivity, and magnetization of a series of samples of the form Co1-xNixSb3 with x in the range x=0 to x=0.01. We find that Ni takes the tetravalent state Ni4+, assumes the d6 electronic configuration for the lower energy non-bonding orbitals, and gives an electron to the conduction band. Ni doping dramatically suppresses the thermal conductivity, changes the temperature dependence of the thermopower, and increases the carrier concentration. Low temperature anomalies in thermopower, Hall coefficient and magnetoresistance are found.
Major Advances in the Synthesis of POSS Monomers
Authors: Feher Frank J. , Terroba Raquel , Jin Ren-Zhi , Lücke Sabine , Nguyen Frank , Brutchey Richard , Wyndham Kevin D 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTSeveral new methods have been developed for the synthesis of POSS monomers from fully condensed [RSiO3/2]nand [ROSiO3/2]n(n = 6 or 8) frameworks. These methods, which all rely on highly selective base-catalyzed reactions of Si/O frameworks, provide unprecedented access to new POSS monomers and the means for manufacturing useful POSS monomers on a large scale from readily available silane monomers.
Emission Characteristics of OLEDs on Planar and Non-Planar Substrates
Authors: Scheffel Marcus , Birnstock Jan , Hunze Arvid , Paetzold Ralph , Rau Lothar , Rogler Wolfgang , Voegele Sven , Winnacker Albrecht 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe report on light extraction experiments with polyfluorene based organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The intensity distribution of emission within the substrate and within air is determined experimentally. For the devices investigated in this study, we find that the external quantum efficiency can be increased by a factor of 1.82, in the case of complete suppression of waveguiding within the substrate. The experimental data is in good agreement with modeling results based on dipole emission within a multilayer system. As a consequence of these findings, we modified the device topology by introducing light extraction structures between glass substrate and indium tin oxide anode. This results in redirection of photon trajectories and thus in a higher probability to extract waveguided radiation. At a luminance of 100 cd/m2, the photometric efficiency for emission in forward direction is enhanced by a factor of 1.45 to 8.9 cd/A.
Influence of Pressure and Plasma Potential on High Growth Rate Microcrystalline Silicon Grown by Vhf Pecvd
Authors: Gordijn A. , Francke J. , Hodakova L. , Rath J.K. , Schropp R.E.I. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMicrocrystalline silicon (μc-Si) based single junction solar cells are deposited by VHF PECVD using a showerhead cathode at high pressures in depletion conditions. At a deposition rate of 4.5 nm/s, a stabilized conversion efficiency of 6.7 % is obtained for a single junction solar cell with a μc-Si i-layer of 1 μm. The i-layer is made near the transition from amorphous to crystalline. In order to control the material properties in the growth direction, the hydrogen dilution of silane in the gas phase is graded following different profiles with a parabolic shape. It is observed that the performance of solar cells deposited at high rate improves under light soaking conditions at 50 °C, which we attribute to post deposition equilibration of a fast deposited transition material.The performance is lower at higher rates due to poorer i-layer quality (higher defect density), which may be attributed to smaller relaxation times for growth precursors at the growth surface and the higher energy ion bombardment at higher plasma power. High process pressures can be used to reduce the ion energy by decreasing the mean free path. We have introduced an additional method to limit the ion energy by controlling the DC self bias voltage using an external power source. In this way the quality of the μc-Si layers and the performance of the solar cells is further improved.
New Conjugated Polymers Derived from Carbazole as Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Lévesque Isabelle , Gao Xing , Ratcliffe Christopher I. , Klug Dennis D. , Tse John S. , Blouin Nicolas , Morin Jean-François , Leclerc Mario 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNovel poly(3,6-hexyl-2,7-N-octylcarbazole) derivatives and poly(diindolocarbazole)s were synthesized. Optical, electrochemical, electrical and thermoelectric properties were investigated. Band structure calculations were used to predict which polymers were promising as thermoelectric materials. The best combination of Seebeck coefficient and conductivity (power factor) was 9,4 x10-8 Wm-1K-2 with a copolymer of carbazole and thiophene. This corresponds to a ZT at room temperature of 0.0003. Optimization of the polymer structure and doping level should lead to an increased ZT.
Anchoring of Organic Molecules on Cu(001) Surface Through S-Headgroup.
Authors: Monachesi P. , Chiodo L. , Bussolotti F. , Betti M. G. , Mariani C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe characterize, experimentally and theoretically, the electronic properties of the S/Cu(001) interface in two molecule-metal systems, Mercaptobenzoxazole(MBO) and Methanethiol on Cu(001), containing the S-headgroup. The S atom realizes the anchoring of the whole molecule to the substrate through the formation of an S-Cu hybrid, irrespective of the p(2×2) and c(2×2) reconstruction, but with different relative orbital contributions. This behaviour may be highlighted only by the comparison of the high resolution angular resolved photoemission spectra with the ab inito calculated electronic density of states of the interface.
The Jaws ofNereis: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Birkedal Henrik , Broomell Chris , Khan Rashda K. , Slack Nelle , Lichtenegger Helga C. , Zok Frank , Stucky Galen D. , Waite J. Herbert 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe jaws of the marine wormNereissp. are made of protein fibers and are reinforced by zinc. Here we study a transverse section through the jaw using optical microscopy and nanoindentation. Optical microscopy images demonstrate a complex microstructure which includes channels that extend throughout the jaw. We suggest that these channels may be related to jaw remodeling. The mechanical results reveal spatial variations in both indentation hardness and reduced modulus. Specifically, the toothed side of the jaw (used for grasping food) is harder than the remainder of the jaw and the very exterior surface is hardest.
Charge induced Variation of the Magnetization in Nanoporous Ni-Pd
Authors: Lemier Christian , Ghosh Sadhan , Viswanath R. N. , Fei Guang-Tao , Weissmüller Jörg 
Published: December 2012

AbstractChanges in the electronic structure in superficial space-charge regions may substantially affect the properties of metals near their surface. In materials with a nanoscale porosity and with a high surface to volume ratio, changes in the properties of even a thin surface layer may have a noticeable effect on the properties of the entire material. In nanoporous metals immersed in an electrolyte, the space charge can be induced as a part of the electric double layer at the metal-electrolyte interface. Here we present first experiments on the effect of surface charging in a nanoporous metal on the magnetism. We report reversible changes in the magnetic moment in Ni-Pd alloys. As possible origins of the dependency of the magnetization on the surface charge density we discuss band filling and, alternatively, magnetostriction. X-ray diffraction and dilatometry reveal a considerable strain amplitude, about of 6×10-4, resulting from surface charging; this corresponds to a surface-induced pressure in the crystal lattice, in the order of 0.3 GPa.
Solution NMR Spectroscopy as a Useful Tool to Investigate Colloidal Nanocrystal Dispersions from the Capping Ligand's Point of View
Authors: Martins Jose C , Martins Jose C , Moreels Iwan , Hens Zeger 
Published: December 2012

AbstractColloidal semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots are an important building block in bottom-up nanotechnology. They consist of an inorganic, crystalline core surrounded by a monolayer of organic ligands. As these ligands can be modified or exchanged for others, they provide a convenient way to give the quantum dots functionality. Here, we show that solution NMR techniques, including diffusion pulsed field gradient spectroscopy, is a very useful tool to investigate the ligands of colloidal nanocrystals. This is demonstrated using InP quantum dots with trioctylphospine oxide ligands as an example. Combining 1H-13C HSQC spectroscopy with pulsed field gradient diffusion NMR, an unequivocal identification of the resonances of the bound ligands is possible. This leads to the determination of the diffusion coefficient of the nanocrystals in solution and allows to verify capping exchange procedures. By calibrating the surface area of the NMR resonances using a solute of known concentration, the density of ligands at the nanocrystal surface can be quantified. We could demonstrate that a dynamic equilibrium exists between bound and free ligands. Analysis of the corresponding adsorption isotherm - determined using 1H NMR - leads to an estimation of the free energy of adsorption and the free energy of ligand-ligand interaction at the nanocrystals surface. Similar investigations are in progress on capped PbSe and ZnO2 nanoparticles. Preliminary results strongly support the generic nature of the approach described for the case of TOPO capped InP nanocrystals.
Determining Average Reservoir Pressures in Multilayered Completed Wells Using Selective Inflow Performance (SIP) Technique
Authors: Ilyas Asad , Arshad Safwan , Ahmed Jawad , Khalid Arsalan , Mughal Muhammad Haroon 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the challenges in determining average reservoir pressures in multi-layer completed wells during the span of their production period. The wells with single production tubing and get comingled flow from different reservoir layers exhibit complex down holeflow profiles. Therefore, it becomes difficult to acquire average pressures of each producing layer separately. Production log data can be utilized in these kinds of wells to calculate average individual layer pressures with the help of Selective Inflow Performance (SIP) technique for better production allocation and also to monitor pressure depletion effects with time.
The SIP provides a mean of establishing the IPR for each rate-producing layer. The well is flowed at several different stabilized surface rates and for each rate, a production log is run across the entire producing interval(s) to record simultaneous profiles of downhole flow rates and flowing pressure. Measured in-situ rates can be converted to surface conditions using PVT data. Although SIP theory only applies to single phase flow, the interpreter can restrict the IPR's computations to a particular phase; only contribution of the selected phase will be taken into account. To each reservoir zone corresponds for each survey/interpretation a couple [rate, pressure], used in the SIP calculation. The different types of IPR equations can be used for SIP interpretation: Straight line, Fetkovitch or C&n, and LIT relations. In the case of a gas wells, the pseudo pressure m(p) can be used instead of the pressure "p" to estimate the gas potential. Although SIP is a useful technique to estimate average reservoir pressure in multi-layered system, but it has some limitations under certain circumstances.
The Selective Inflow Performance (SIP) technique has been implemented on some of the producing wells in north of Pakistan. These wells have been completed in multiple producing reservoirs. Initially all these reservoirs were tested separately (with DST) to estimatetheir reservoir pressures and other parameters. However, due to adapted completion strategy, the producing layers were comingled with the option to monitor each layer's pressure depletion with the help of SIP technique in future. As per reservoir surveillance activity, Production logs are run on routine basis by utilizing SIP method and the same has been utilized for reservoir management and for simulation model updates.