bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of raisin consumption on glucose and insulin reponses in healthy individuals
Authors: Esfahani Amin , Lam Joanne , Kendall Cyril W. C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRaisins are popular snacks with a favourable nutrient profile, being high in dietary fibre, polyphenols and a number of vitamins and minerals, in addition to being rich in fructose. In light of evidence demonstrating improvements in glycaemic control with moderate fructose intake and low-glycaemic index (GI) fruits, our aim was to determine the GI, insulin index (II) and postprandial responses to raisins in an acute feeding setting. A total of ten healthy participants (four male and six female) consumed breakfast study meals on four occasions over a 2- to 8-week period: meal 1: white bread (WB) (108 g WB; 50 g available carbohydrate) served as the control and was consumed on two separate occasions; meal 2: raisins (R50) (69 g raisins; 50 g available carbohydrate); and meal 3: raisins (R20) (one serving, 28 g raisins; 20 g available carbohydrate). Postprandial glucose and insulin were measured over a 2 h period for the determination of GI, glycaemic load (GL) and II. The raisin meals, R50 and R20, resulted in significantly reduced postprandial glucose and insulin responses when compared with WB (P < 0·05). Furthermore, raisins were determined to be low-GI, -GL and -II foods. The favourable effect of raisins on postprandial glycaemic response, their insulin-sparing effect and low GI combined with their other metabolic benefits may indicate that raisins are a healthy choice not only for the general population but also for individuals with diabetes or insulin resistance.
Anticipating agoraphobic situations: the neural correlates of panic disorder with agoraphobia
Authors: Wittmann A. , Schlagenhauf F. , Guhn A. , Lueken U. , Gaehlsdorf C. , Stoy M. , Bermpohl F. , Fydrich T. , Pfleiderer B. , Bruhn H. , Gerlach A. L. , Kircher T. , Straube B. , Wittchen H.-U. , Arolt V. , Heinz A. , Ströhle A. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundPanic disorder with agoraphobia is characterized by panic attacks and anxiety in situations where escape might be difficult. However, neuroimaging studies specifically focusing on agoraphobia are rare. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with disorder-specific stimuli to investigate the neural substrates of agoraphobia.MethodWe compared the neural activations of 72 patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia with 72 matched healthy control subjects in a 3-T fMRI study. To isolate agoraphobia-specific alterations we tested the effects of the anticipation and perception of an agoraphobia-specific stimulus set. During fMRI, 48 agoraphobia-specific and 48 neutral pictures were randomly presented with and without anticipatory stimulus indicating the content of the subsequent pictures (Westphal paradigm).ResultsDuring the anticipation of agoraphobia-specific pictures, stronger activations were found in the bilateral ventral striatum and left insula in patients compared with controls. There were no group differences during the perception phase of agoraphobia-specific pictures.ConclusionsThis study revealed stronger region-specific activations in patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia in anticipation of agoraphobia-specific stimuli. Patients seem to process these stimuli more intensively based on individual salience. Hyperactivation of the ventral striatum and insula when anticipating agoraphobia-specific situations might be a central neurofunctional correlate of agoraphobia. Knowledge about the neural correlates of anticipatory and perceptual processes regarding agoraphobic situations will help to optimize and evaluate treatments, such as exposure therapy, in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia.
Beyond Aesthetics: Visibility and Invisibility in the Aftermath of Deindustrialization
Authors: High Steven 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis special issue on “Crumbling Cultures,” the first to appear on deindustrialization in a labor history journal, confirms the historiographical trend away from displaced industrial workers themselves and the cultural meaning of job loss, to a wider reflection on the cultural consequences and representations of deindustrialization. The subject, here, is the cultural agency or resilience of working-class communities broadly defined. This shifting focus reflects the evolving baseline, as the political heat of the 1980s and 1990s cools and rates of unionization plummet. For the most part, the sense of cultural continuity, or working class persistence, so evident in this issue, is found in places where not much has filled the economic and cultural vacuum. As a result, nobody in this issue speaks to the deindustrialization of large metropolitan cities. There, the actions of the state, and middle-class gentrifiers, are weighed and measured as old mills and factories are demolished or converted into condominiums or art spaces. In effect, deindustrialization and the subsequent postindustrial transformation deliver a one-two punch against working-class neighbourhoods and the old culture of industrialism. The resulting break with the industrial past may therefore be greatest where the outward signs of industrial ruination are least visible. The rise of middle-class ruin-gazing within popular culture and the academy, and the global circulation and commodification of these images and experiences, nonetheless raises important questions about its underlying politics. As historian Jackie Clarke has noted elsewhere, what is rendered visible and invisible in a post-industrial era is highly significant.
Her Fight is Your Fight: “Guest Worker” Labor Activism in the Early 1970s West Germany
Authors: Miller Jennifer 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWhen the postwar economic boom came to a crashing halt in early 1970s West Germany, foreign “guest workers,” often the first to be laid off, bore the brunt of high inflation, rising prices, declining growth rates, widespread unemployment, and social discontent. Following the economic downturn and the ensuing crisis of stagflation, workers' uprisings became increasingly common in West Germany. The summer of 1973 saw a sharp increase in workers' activism broadly, including a wave of “women's strikes.” However, historical attention to the role of foreign workers, especially of foreign female workers, within these strikes has been limited. This article presents a case study of wildcat strikes spearheaded by foreign, female workers in the early 1970s, focusing specifically on the strikes at the Pierburg Autoparts Factory in Neuss, West Germany. For these foreign women, activism in the early 1970s had a larger significance than just securing better working conditions. Indeed, striking foreign workers were no longer negotiating temporary problems; they were signaling that they were there to stay. Foreign workers' sustained and successful activism challenged the imposed category of “guest worker,” switching the emphasis fromguesttoworker.Ultimately, the Pierburg strikes' outcomes benefited all workers—foreign and German, male and female—and had grave implications for wage discrimination across West Germany as well.
From ‘Amaleh(Labor) toKargar(Worker): Recruitment, Work Discipline and Making of the Working Class in the Persian/Iranian Oil Industry
Authors: Atabaki Touraj 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe extraction of oil in 1908 and the ensuing construction of an oil refinery, shipping docks and company towns in southwest Persia/Iran opened a new chapter in the nation's labor history. Enjoying absolute monopoly over the extraction, production and marketing of the oil, the Anglo-Persian/Iranian Oil Company (APOC, AIOC, now British Petroleum—BP) embarked on a massive labor recruitment campaign, drawing its recruits primarily from tribal and village-based laboring poor throughout a region. But, in a region where human needs were few and cheap, it was no easy task to persuade young men to leave their traditional mode of life in exchange for industrial milieu with radically different work patterns. Those who did join the oil industry's work force were then subjected to labor discipline of an advanced industrial economy, which eventually contributed to the formation of the early clusters of modern Iran's working class.
A Visual Geography of Chernobyl: Double Exposure
Authors: Davies Thom 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article investigates the memories and lived experiences of those who dwell in the deindustrial landscape of Chernobyl in north Ukraine. Taking a visual approach to an invisible issue, the article explores the use of photography as a research tool to examine the ‘hidden spaces of everyday life’ in the shadow of Chernobyl.1The article finds that many people have suffered a ‘double exposure’: once from radiation and then again from the failures of the Ukrainian state. While these communities are exposed as “bare life”2to the risk of nuclear pollution, they also contest official conceptions of radiation through local knowledge, shared memory, and informal activity. The article interrogates the complex ways people perceive, negotiate, and come to terms with the ever-present but unseen menace of radiation. Through these memories, images, and lived experiences of the marginalized, we can begin to make the invisible threat of radiation appear more tangible. Finally, the article provides a short discussion about the use of participant photography in researching the invisible.
Heterogeneity of clinical and environmental isolates ofMycobacterium fortuitumusing repetitive element sequence-based PCR: municipal water an unlikely source of community-acquired infections
Authors: THOMSON R. M. , TOLSON C. E. , CARTER R. , HUYGENS F. , HARGREAVES M. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYM. fortuitumis a rapidly growing mycobacterium associated with community-acquired and nosocomial wound, soft tissue, and pulmonary infections. It has been postulated that water has been the source of infection especially in the hospital setting. The aim of this study was to determine if municipal water may be the source of community-acquired or nosocomial infections in the Brisbane area. Between 2007 and 2009, 20 strains ofM. fortuitumwere recovered from municipal water and 53 patients’ isolates were submitted to the reference laboratory. A wide variation in strain types was identified using repetitive element sequence-based PCR, with 13 clusters of ⩾2 indistinguishable isolates, and 28 patterns consisting of individual isolates. The clusters could be grouped into seven similar groups (>95% similarity). Municipal water and clinical isolates collected during the same time period and from the same geographical area consisted of different strain types, making municipal water an unlikely source of sporadic human infection.
Regional variations and time trends of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Brazil
Authors: PINTO V. L. , DE SOUSA A. I. , DE LEMOS E. R. S. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYHantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a zoonosis and a public health concern in the Americas due to its high fatality rate. Since the first cases were identified in USA in 1993, HPS has been observed over a wide area of the American continents. Over 1600 HPS cases have been confirmed in Brazil since 1993, and different genotypes of hantavirus have been identified in several biomes in this country of continental dimensions. We performed a retrospective study of data from 2001 to 2011 that encompassed all notified cases of HPS in the National Disease Notification System (SINAN) of Brazil to determine the regional differences and temporal trends of the disease. During the study period, 1486 cases were reported, and analyses of the temporal trends of the disease revealed that the number of cases in Brazil increased over this period (P < 0·01). The frequency distributions of the cases stratified by region revealed different patterns of seasonality; however, these patterns were not statistically significant with the exception of the South region (P < 0·05). We found regional differences in the occurrence of the disease throughout the year and a trend towards an increasing number of cases. These findings reinforce the necessity of adjusting surveillance tools and control policies to respond effectively to this public health problem.
Screening for chronic hepatitis B and C in migrants from Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, the former Soviet Republics, and Vietnam in the Arnhem region, The Netherlands
Authors: RICHTER C. , TER BEEST G. , GISOLF E. H. , VAN BENTUM P. , WAEGEMAEKERS C. , SWANINK C. , ROOVERS E. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYMigrants born in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) endemic countries are at increased risk of being infected with these viruses. The first symptoms may arise when liver damage has already occurred. The challenge is to identify these infections early, since effective treatment has become available. In 2011 we conducted a screening project in first-generation migrants (FGMs) born in Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, the former Soviet Republics, and Vietnam and living in Arnhem and Rheden. All participants were offered free blood screening for HBV and HCV. In total 959 participants were tested, with the country of origin known for 927, equating to 28·7% of all registered FGMs from the chosen countries. Nineteen percent (n = 176) had serological signs of past or chronic HBV infection and 2·2% (n = 21) had chronic HBV infection. The highest prevalence of chronic HBV infection was found in the Vietnamese population (9·5%, n = 12). Chronic HCV was found in two persons from the former Soviet Republics and one from Vietnam. Twenty-four percent (n = 5) of the newly identified patients with chronic HBV and one of the three patients with chronic HCV received treatment. Three of the patients, two with HCV and one with HBV, already had liver cirrhosis. The highest (9·5%) HBV prevalence was found in FGMs from Vietnam, indicating a high need for focusing on that particular immigrant population in order to identify more people with silent HBV infection. The fact that three patients already had liver cirrhosis underlines the necessity of early identification of HBV and HCV infection in risk groups.
From transistor to trapped-ion computers for quantum chemistry
Authors: Yung M.-H. , Casanova J. , Mezzacapo A. , McClean J. , Lamata L. , Aspuru-Guzik A. , Solano E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOver the last few decades, quantum chemistry has progressed through the development of computational methods based on modern digital computers. However, these methods can hardly fulfill the exponentially-growing resource requirements when applied to large quantum systems. As pointed out by Feynman, this restriction is intrinsic to all computational models based on classical physics. Recently, the rapid advancement of trapped-ion technologies has opened new possibilities for quantum control and quantum simulations. Here, we present an efficient toolkit that exploits both the internal and motional degrees of freedom of trapped ions for solving problems in quantum chemistry, including molecular electronic structure, molecular dynamics and vibronic coupling. We focus on applications that go beyond the capacity of classical computers, but may be realizable on state-of-the-art trapped-ion systems. These results allow us to envision a new paradigm of quantum chemistry that shifts from the current transistor to a near-future trapped-ion-based technology.
Metal-free aqueous redox capacitor via proton rocking-chair system in an organic-based couple
Authors: Tomai Takaaki , Mitani Satoshi , Komatsu Daiki , Kawaguchi Yuji , Honma Itaru 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSafe and inexpensive energy storage devices with long cycle lifetimes and high power and energy densities are mandatory for the development of electrical power grids that connect with renewable energy sources. In this study, we demonstrated metal-free aqueous redox capacitors using couples comprising low-molecular-weight organic compounds. In addition to the electric double layer formation, proton insertion/extraction reactions between a couple consisting of inexpensive quinones/hydroquinones contributed to the energy storage. This energy storage mechanism, in which protons are shuttled back and forth between two electrodes upon charge and discharge, can be regarded as a proton rocking-chair system. The fabricated capacitor showed a large capacity (>20 Wh/kg), even in the applied potential range between 0–1 V and high power capability (>5 A/g). The support of the organic compounds in nanoporous carbon facilitated the efficient use of the organic compounds with a lifetime of thousands of cycles.
Human cognitive ability is influenced by genetic variation in components of postsynaptic signalling complexes assembled by NMDA receptors and MAGUK proteins
Authors: Hill W D , Davies G , van de Lagemaat L N , Christoforou A , Marioni R E , Fernandes C P D , Liewald D C , Croning M D R , Payton A , Craig L C A , Whalley L J , Horan M , Ollier W , Hansell N K , Wright M J , Martin N G , Montgomery G W , Steen V M , Le Hellard S , Espeseth T , Lundervold A J , Reinvang I , Starr J M , Pendleton N , Grant S G N , Bates T C , Deary I J 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDifferences in general cognitive ability (intelligence) account for approximately half of the variation in any large battery of cognitive tests and are predictive of important life events including health. Genome-wide analyses of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms indicate that they jointly tag between a quarter and a half of the variance in intelligence. However, no single polymorphism has been reliably associated with variation in intelligence. It remains possible that these many small effects might be aggregated in networks of functionally linked genes. Here, we tested a network of 1461 genes in the postsynaptic density and associated complexes for an enriched association with intelligence. These were ascertained in 3511 individuals (the Cognitive Ageing Genetics in England and Scotland (CAGES) consortium) phenotyped for general cognitive ability, fluid cognitive ability, crystallised cognitive ability, memory and speed of processing. By analysing the results of a genome wide association study (GWAS) using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, a significant enrichment was found for fluid cognitive ability for the proteins found in the complexes of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex; P=0.002. Replication was sought in two additional cohorts (N=670 and 2062). A meta-analytic P-value of 0.003 was found when these were combined with the CAGES consortium. The results suggest that genetic variation in the macromolecular machines formed by membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) scaffold proteins and their interaction partners contributes to variation in intelligence.
Finite element electro‐thermal modelling of nanocrystalline phase change elements using mesh‐based crystallinity approach
Authors: Trombetta M. , Williams N.E. , Fischer S. , Gokirmak A. , Silva H. 
Published: January 2014

Phase change memory cells composed of nanocrystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 with a heater diameter of 10 nm and Ge2Sb2Te5 thickness of 100 nm are studied by using two‐dimensional finite element simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics. The nanocrystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 is emulated by using a mesh‐based model incorporating crystalline grains of random size and location embedded in the amorphous media. The material parameters are modelled with temperature dependency from 300 to 1000 K, including electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, electric field breakdown and Seebeck coefficient. This model is shown to capture the cycle‐to‐cycle and device‐to‐device variability in phase change memory cells.
Classification of human motions using empirical mode decomposition of human micro‐Doppler signatures
Authors: Fairchild Dustin P. , Narayanan Ram M. 
Published: January 2014

The ability to identify human movements can serve as an important tool in many different applications such as surveillance, military combat situations, search and rescue operations and patient monitoring in hospitals. This information can provide soldiers, security personnel and search and rescue workers with critical knowledge that can be used to potentially save lives and/or avoid dangerous situations. Most research involving human activity recognition employs the short‐time Fourier transform (STFT) as a method of analysing human micro‐Doppler signatures. However, the STFT has time–frequency resolution limitations and Fourier transform‐based methods are not well‐suited for use with non‐stationary and non‐linear signals. The authors approach uses the empirical mode decomposition to produce a unique feature vector from the human micro‐Doppler signals following which a support vector machine is used to classify human motions. This study presents simulations of simple human motions, which are subsequently validated using experimental data obtained from both an S‐band radar and a W‐band millimetre wave (mm‐wave) radar. Very good classification accuracies are obtained at distances of up to 90 m between the human and the radar.
Information transfer by leaky, heterogeneous, protein kinase signaling systems
Authors: Voliotis Margaritis , Perrett Rebecca M. , McWilliams Chris , McArdle Craig A. , Bowsher Clive G. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Extracellular concentrations convey information to cells about their environment. To sense these signals, cells use biomolecular networks that exhibit inevitable cell-to-cell variability and basal activity. Basal activity is widespread under physiological conditions (with phenotypic consequences), is often raised in disease, and can eradicate the transfer of information. In an experimental study of ERK signaling by single cells exhibiting heterogeneous ERK expression and basal activity, we verify our central theoretical prediction: Negative feedback substantially increases information transfer to the nucleus by preventing a near-flat average response curve and reducing sensitivity to variation in the ERK expression level. Our results reveal an important role for negative feedback mechanisms in protecting information transfer by saturable cell signaling systems from basal activity.
High-resolution lesion-mapping strategy links a hot spot in rat insular cortex with impaired expression of taste aversion learning
Authors: Schier Lindsey A. , Hashimoto Koji , Bales Michelle B. , Blonde Ginger D. , Spector Alan C. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
The lesion-deficit experimental design has been a cornerstone approach in revealing the neural bases of many behaviors. Often, however, studies only qualitatively assess target lesions and, in doing so, fail to fully exploit the information available that can more specifically link subregions of damage to behavioral outcomes. Here, by developing a lesion-mapping system, we provide strong evidence that, in contrast to the prevailing view, normal expression of conditioned taste aversion does not depend on the conventionally defined gustatory cortex. Instead, this approach revealed a strong association between deficits in conditioned taste aversion expression and a subregion encompassing the posterior gustatory cortex and the surrounding insular cortex considered to be visceroceptive.