bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of toxicity and outcomes of concurrent radiotherapy with carboplatin/paclitaxel or cisplatin/etoposide in stage III non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liew Mun Sem , Sia Joseph , Starmans Maud H. W. , Tafreshi Ali , Harris Sam , Feigen Malcolm , White Shane , Zimet Allan , Lambin Philippe , Boutros Paul C. , Mitchell Paul , John Thomas 
Published: October 2013

AbstractConcurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) has become the standard of care for patients with unresectable stage III non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The comparative merits of two widely used regimens: carboplatin/paclitaxel (PC) and cisplatin/etoposide (PE), each with concurrent radiotherapy, remain largely undefined. Records for consecutive patients with stage III NSCLC treated with PC or PE and ≥60 Gy chest radiotherapy between 2000 and 2011 were reviewed for outcomes and toxicity. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox modeling with the Wald test. Comparison across groups was done using the student's t and chi‐squared tests. Seventy‐five (PC: 44, PE: 31) patients were analyzed. PC patients were older (median 71 vs. 63 years; P = 0.0006). Other characteristics were comparable between groups. With PE, there was significantly increased grade ≥3 neutropenia (39% vs. 14%, P = 0.024) and thrombocytopenia (10% vs. 0%, P = 0.039). Radiation pneumonitis was more common with PC (66% vs. 38%, P = 0.033). Five treatment‐related deaths occurred (PC: 3 vs. PE: 2, P = 1.000). With a median follow‐up of 51.6 months, there were no significant differences in relapse‐free survival (median PC 12.0 vs. PE 11.5 months, P = 0.700) or overall survival (median PC 20.7 vs. PE 13.7 months; P = 0.989). In multivariate analyses, no factors predicted for improved survival for either regimen. PC was more likely to be used in elderly patients. Despite this, PC resulted in significantly less hematological toxicity but achieved similar survival outcomes as PE. PC is an acceptable CCRT regimen, especially in older patients with multiple comorbidities.
Chemical Studies on Taxus canadensis
Authors: Li Yong , Qin Fang , Wang Si‐Ming , Guo Rui‐Xia , Zhang Yue‐Feng , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Shi Qing‐Wen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA series of new taxanes, 1–93, have been isolated, together with 37 known taxoids including Taxol® (paclitaxel) and cephalomannine, from the Canadian yew, Taxus canadensis (Taxaceae) in the past 30 years. These new taxoids possess various skeletons containing 5/7/6, 6/10/6, 6/5/5/6, 6/8/6, and 6/12 ring systems and six new taxanes with four novel skeletons, i.e., a taxane with a 6/6/8/6 ring system, a taxane with a [3.3.3] propellane skeleton, three taxanes with [3.3.3] [3.4.5] dipropellane sytems, as well as a novel taxane with a unique 5/5/4/6/6/6 hexacyclic skeleton, containing a unique [3.3.2] propellane, were isolated for the first time from natural sources. It should be emphasized that 13‐acetyl‐9‐dihydrobaccatin III, a very useful starting material for the semisynthesis of Taxol® and Taxotere®, represents the most abundant taxane in the needles of this yew tree. These findings establish the above mentioned yew tree as significantly different from the remaining species. On the other hand, some chemical modifications on the taxanes isolated from this plant were carried out.
Phytochemistry of the Carnivorous Sundew Genus Drosera (Droseraceae) – Future Perspectives and Ethnopharmacological Relevance
Authors: Egan Paul A. , van der Kooy Frank 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSpecies of the carnivorous genus Drosera L. have long been a source of valuable natural products. The various phytochemicals characteristic of these species, particularly 1,4‐naphthoquinones and flavonoids, have contributed to the diverse utilization of sundews in traditional medicine systems worldwide. A growing number of studies have sought to investigate the comparative phytochemistry of Drosera species for improved sources of pharmaceutically important compounds. The outcomes of these studies are here collated, with emergent trends discussed in detail. Important factors which affect production of secondary metabolites in plants are critically examined, such as environmental influences and in vitro culture, and recommendations subsequently presented based on this. Explicitly, the current review aims to i) present an updated, comprehensive listing of the phytochemical constituents of the genus (including quantitative data where available), ii) summarize important factors which may influence the production of phytopharmaceuticals in plants, and iii) recommend guidelines for future research based on the above, including improved standardization and quality control. We have also included a section discussing future perspectives of research on Drosera spp. based on three different research lines i) the potential to produce much needed lead compounds for treatment of tuberculosis, ii) the potential role of anthocyanins in nitrogen transport, and iii) research into ‘Natural Deep Eutectic’ solvents produced by Drosera spp. in the droplets or ‘dew’ employed to capture insect prey.
Radioprotectors – the Evergreen Topic
Authors: Kuntić Vesna S. , Stanković Miroslava B. , Vujić Zorica B. , Brborić Jasmina S. , Uskoković‐Marković Snežana M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTo protect organisms from ionizing radiation (IR), and to reduce morbidity or mortality, various agents, called radioprotectors, have been utilized. Because radiation‐induced cellular damage is attributed primarily to the harmful effects of free radicals, molecules with radical‐scavenging properties are particularly promising as radioprotectors. Early development of such agents focused on thiol synthetic compounds, known as WR protectors, but only amifostine (WR‐2721) has been used in clinical trials as an officially approved radioprotector. Besides thiol compounds, various compounds with different chemical structure were investigated, but an ideal radioprotector has not been found yet. Plants and natural products have been evaluated as promising sources of radioprotectors because of their low toxicity, although they exhibit an inferior protection level compared to synthetic thiol compounds. Active plant constituents seem to exert the radioprotection through antioxidant and free radical‐scavenging activities. Our research established that plants containing polyphenolic compounds (raspberry, blueberry, strawberry, grape, etc.) exhibit antioxidative activities and protect genetic material from IR.
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil of Athanasia browniiHochr. (Asteraceae) Endemic to Madagascar
Authors: Rasoanaivo Philippe , Fortuné Randriana Richard , Maggi Filippo , Nicoletti Marcello , Quassinti Luana , Bramucci Massimo , Lupidi Giulio , Petrelli Dezemona , Vitali Luca A. , Papa Fabrizio , Vittori Sauro 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe essential oil obtained from hydrodistillation of flowering aerial parts of Athanasia brownii (Asteraceae) was studied for its chemical composition by GC/FID and GC/MS, and for biological activity, namely, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and chemopreventive potential, by DPPH (=2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (=2,2′‐azinobis[3‐ethylbenzothioline‐6‐sulfonic acid), and FRAP (=ferric reducing antioxidant power), disk diffusion test, and MTT (=3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, respectively. The oil was characterized by a high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (71.2%), with selin‐11‐en‐4α‐ol (24.6%), caryophyllene oxide (8.7%), humulene epoxide II (5.1%), and (E)‐nerolidol (4.9%) as the predominant compounds. The oil showed a moderate activity against streptococci as well as radical‐scavenging potential, while the inhibitory effects against human cancer cells examined such as A375 (malignant melanoma) and HCT 116 (colon carcinoma) were significant, with IC50 values of 19.85 and 29.53 μg/ml, respectively.
Glycosidic Inhibitors of Melanogenesis from Leaves of Passiflora edulis
Authors: Zhang Jie , Koike Ryosuke , Yamamoto Ayako , Ukiya Motohiko , Fukatsu Makoto , Banno Norihiro , Miura Motofumi , Motohashi Shigeyasu , Tokuda Harukuni , Akihisa Toshihiro 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA new flavonoid glycoside, chrysin 6‐C‐β‐rutinoside (chrysin α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐C‐β‐glucopyranoside; 2), and two new triterpene glycosides, (31R)‐31‐O‐methylpassiflorine (7) and (31S)‐31‐O‐methylpassiflorine (8), along with 14 known glycosides, including three flavonoid glycosides, 1, 3, and 4, six triterpene glycosides, 5, 6, and 9–12, three cyano glycosides, 13–15, and two other glycosides, 16 and 17, were isolated from a MeOH extract of the leaves of Passiflora edulis (passion flower; Passifloraceae). The structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. Upon evaluation of compounds 1–17 against the melanogenesis in the B16 melanoma cells induced with α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), three compounds, isoorientin (1), 2, and (6S,9R)‐roseoside (17), exhibited inhibitory effects with 37.3–47.2% reduction of melanin content with no, or almost no, toxicity to the cells (90.8–100.2% cell viability) at 100 μM. Western blot analysis showed that compound 2 reduced the protein levels of MITF, TRP‐1, and tyrosinase, in a concentration‐dependent manner while exerted almost no influence on the level of TRP‐2, suggesting that this compound inhibits melanogenesis on the α‐MSH‐stimulated B16 melanoma cells by, at least in part, inhibiting the expression of MITF, followed by decreasing the expression of TRP‐1 and tyrosinase. In addition, compounds 1–17 were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against the EpsteinBarr virus early antigen (EBV‐EA) activation induced by 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) in Raji cells.
Cancer Chemopreventive Effect of Bergenin from Peltophorum pterocarpum Wood
Authors: Zhang Jie , Nishimoto Yuki , Tokuda Harukuni , Suzuki Nobutaka , Yasukawa Ken , Kitdamrongtham Worapong , Akazawa Hiroyuki , Manosroi Aranya , Manosroi Jiradej , Akihisa Toshihiro 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe aqueous extract of Peltophorum pterocarpum (Fabaceae) wood exhibited potent inhibitory effects against EpsteinBarr virus early antigen (EBV‐EA) activation induced with 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) in Raji cells and against melanogenesis in α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH)‐stimulated B16 melanoma cells, as well as potent 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical‐scavenging activity. Two phenolic acid derivatives, bergenin (1) and gallic acid (2), were isolated from the ethyl acetate (AcOEt)‐soluble fraction obtained from the extract. Compound 1 exhibited potent inhibitory effect against EBV‐EA activation and against skin tumor promotion in an in vivo two‐stage mouse skin carcinogenesis test based on 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator, and with TPA as promoter. Both compounds 1 and 2 exhibited melanogenesis‐inhibitory activities in α‐MSH‐stimulated B16 melanoma cells, and, in addition, compound 2 showed strong DPPH radical‐scavenging activity.
Polypyrrole‐Modified‐Carbon‐Supported Ru‐Pt Nanoparticles as Highly Methanol‐Tolerant Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen‐Reduction Reaction
Authors: Escudero Cid Ricardo , Gómez de la Fuente José Luis , Rojas Sergio , García Fierro José Luis , Ocón Pilar 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe modification of mesoporous carbon black with polypyrrole (C‐PP) facilitates the incorporation of homogeneously dispersed nanosized Ru‐Pt particles (1–2 nm) onto the support. Polypyrrole‐modified carbon supports were prepared by the addition of different amounts of pyrrole, followed by in situ polymerization through oxidative treatments. The Ru‐Pt/C‐PP electrocatalysts were tested in the oxygen‐reduction reaction in methanol‐containing acidic electrolytes by using both conventional electrochemical techniques and in a direct methanol single cell. The performance of Ru‐Pt/C‐PP was far superior to that of Pt/C for the oxygen‐reduction reaction in the direct methanol fuel cell. Under severe methanol‐crossover conditions, the maximum power density that was delivered by Ru‐Pt/C‐PP after degradation tests was decreased by 20 %, whereas that of Pt/C decreased by 75 %. Thus, the presence of Ru oxides in the cathode led to more tolerant electrocatalysts towards the presence of methanol in the reaction medium during the oxygen‐reduction reaction.
Numerical Investigation of Intercalation‐Induced Stresses within Electrode Particles of Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Kespe Michael , Keller Florian , Dörfler Willy , Nirschl Hermann 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBei der Weiterentwicklung von Lithium‐Ionen‐Batterien ist die Reduzierung des messbaren Kapazitätsverlustes von besonderem Interesse. Die im Verlauf der Lithiuminterkalation innerhalb des aktiven Partikelmaterials entstehenden mechanischen Spannungen die zum Bruch der Partikel führen können, wurden als eine Ursache hierfür identifiziert. Um die Größe der entstehenden Spannungen abzuschätzen, wird ein Modell für ein aktives Einzelpartikel der positiven Elektrode entwickelt, das aus LiCoO2 besteht und die Ausbildung einer Phasentrennung berücksichtigt. Zur Verallgemeinerung der Idealvorstellung eines sphärischen Einzelpartikels ist das Modell dreidimensional ausgeführt.
200 Years in the Development of Continuous Distillation
Authors: Kockmann Norbert 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDie Destillation ist eines der ältesten und heute am weitest verbreiteten Trennverfahren. 1813 hat Jean‐Baptiste Cellier‐ Blumenthal die kontinuierlich arbeitende Destillationskolonne patentiert und damit der Entwicklung von verfahrenstechnischen Apparaten einen enormen Schub gegeben. Mit der kontinuierlichen Destillation konnten neue Produktbereiche erschlossen sowie die Prozessführung wesentlich vereinfacht werden. Ein verbessertes Prozessverständnis und neue Methodenwerkzeuge führten zu kombinierten Trennverfahren, zu Strukturpackungen und verlässlichen Auslegungsvorschriften.
High genetic diversity is not essential for successful introduction
Authors: Rollins Lee A. , Moles Angela T. , Lam Serena , Buitenwerf Robert , Buswell Joanna M. , Brandenburger Claire R. , Flores‐Moreno Habacuc , Nielsen Knud B. , Couchman Ellen , Brown Gordon S. , Thomson Fiona J. , Hemmings Frank , Frankham Richard , Sherwin William B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSome introduced populations thrive and evolve despite the presumed loss of diversity at introduction. We aimed to quantify the amount of genetic diversity retained at introduction in species that have shown evidence of adaptation to their introduced environments. Samples were taken from native and introduced ranges ofArctotheca populifoliaandPetrorhagia nanteuilii. Using microsatellite data, we identified the source for each introduction, estimated genetic diversity in native and introduced populations, and calculated the amount of diversity retained in introduced populations. These values were compared to those from a literature review of diversity in native, confamilial populations and to estimates of genetic diversity retained at introduction. Gene diversity in the native range of both species was significantly lower than for confamilials. We found that, on average, introduced populations showing evidence of adaptation to their new environments retained 81% of the genetic diversity from the native range. Introduced populations ofP. nanteuiliihad higher genetic diversity than found in the native source populations, whereas introduced populations ofA. populifoliaretained only 14% of its native diversity in one introduction and 1% in another. Our literature review has shown that most introductions demonstrating adaptive ability have lost diversity upon introduction. The two species studied here had exceptionally low native range genetic diversity. Further, the two introductions ofA. populifoliarepresent the largest percentage loss of genetic diversity in a species showing evidence of substantial morphological change in the introduced range. While high genetic diversity may increase the likelihood of invasion success, the species examined here adapted to their new environments with very little neutral genetic diversity. This finding suggests that even introductions founded by small numbers of individuals have the potential to become invasive.
CG Expression of Grime on Floors and Walls Caused by Movement of Crowd
Authors: Takenaka Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Toshimitsu , Sagawa Yuji 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYDirty floors and walls are commonly viewed in places where many people walk. The intensity of the grime increases in proportion to the number of people passing through the place, and the pattern of the grime changes with the walking speed of the people. Therefore, we increase the realism of CG images of floors and walls by the following method. First, the path of motion and speed of each person are computed by crowd simulation. Then foot patterns are allocated along the path after modification according to the speed. If a person walks near a wall, contact with the wall is evaluated. If contact occurs, one grime pattern selected from a database is superimposed on the wall at a height decided by a probability distribution function that was measured from sample walls. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(11): 82–90, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11476
Airline Network Optimization Using Evolutionary Computation
Authors: Inoue Hiroki , Kato Yasuhiko , Sakagami Tomoya 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYIn recent years, various networks have come to exist in our surroundings. Not only the Internet and airline routes can be thought of as networks: protein interactions are also networks. An “economic network design problem” can be discussed by assuming that a vertex is an economic player and that a link represents some connection between economic players. In this paper, the Airlines network is taken up as an example of an “economic network design problem,” and the Airlines network which the profit of the entire Airlines industry is maximized is clarified. The Airlines network is modeled based on connections models proposed by Jackson and Wolinsky, and the utility function of the network is defined. In addition, the optimization simulation using the evolutionary computation is shown for a domestic airline in Japan. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(11): 16–25, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11531
Cantilever‐Type FePd/PZT Stacked‐Layer Magnetic Sensors with High Sensitivity
Authors: Saito Takashi , Hamashima Mio , Saito Chihiro , Nakamura Motoichi , Okazaki Teiko , Furuya Yasubumi , Muro Hideo 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYFePd/PZT/FePd and FePd/PZT stacked‐layer magnetic sensors were studied. A magnetic field was applied to the longitudinal direction of the sensor to cause longitudinal stress magnetostrictively, producing a piezoelectric output voltage in the PZT layer. The prototype sensors were 15 mm long and 6 mm wide and the thicknesses of the FePd layer and PZT layer were 10 and 330 µm, respectively. The theoretical sensitivities of the FePd/PZT/FePd sensor and the FePd/PZT sensor using a simple cantilever model were calculated to be 0.29 and 0.15 mV/A/m, respectively. The measured sensitivities agreed reasonably well with the calculated ones. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(11): 8–15, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11533
Reaction of a Bis(benzoylhydrazone) with Copper(II): Complex Formation, Hydroxylation, and DNA Cleavage Activity
Authors: Rodríguez‐Hermida Sabina , Wende Christian , Lago Ana B. , Carballo Rosa , Kulak Nora , Vázquez‐López Ezequiel M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe reaction of the ditopic bis(benzoylhydrazone) of isophthalaldehyde (H2L) with copper(II) acetate in methanol under aerobic conditions afforded a green solid that contains the tetranuclear complex [Cu4L*2(OCH3)2] (1). The ligand L*, a bis(benzoylhydrazone) of 2,6‐diformylphenol, resulted from hydroxylation of the corresponding isophthalaldehyde derivative. H2L and 1 were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques, and their molecular structures were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The reaction of H2L with copper(II) under argon, on the other hand, resulted in a brown diamagnetic solid [Cu2L]·H2O (2) containing copper(I), which was readily transformed into 1 when exposed to air. In contrast, the reaction with [Cu(CH3CN)4][BF4] afforded a mononuclear complex [Cu(H2L)][BF4]·H2O (3), and single crystals of [Cu(H2L)2][BF4] (4) were isolated from its dichloromethane solution. H2L cleaved plasmid DNA in the presence of copper(II) independently of any reducing agent, but more efficiently when ascorbate was present. The cleavage process is likely oxidative because the enzyme catalase, which decomposes hydrogen peroxide, quenched the reaction. In the absence of ascorbate, the ligand H2L presumably acts as the reductant in the redox reaction, as exploited also in the synthesis of 1. As a consequence, a variety of reactive oxygen species were generated, eventually also leading to the cleavage of DNA (“self‐activating” chemical nuclease).
Biomimetic syn‐Aldol Reaction of Dihydroxyacetone Promoted by Water‐Compatible Catalysts
Authors: Popik Oskar , Zambroń Bartosz , Mlynarski Jacek 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe syn‐selective direct aldol reaction of unprotected dihydroxyacetone with glyceraldehyde has been catalyzed by serine‐based organocatalysts. The application of the catalysts mimics the biosynthesis of ketohexoses in aqueous solvents and leads to fructose and sorbose with excellent diastereoselectivity (up to 95:5 dr). The organocatalytic C3 + C3 methodology presented herein is a versatile direct entry to protected syn‐configured sugars of both the D and L series.
Will dawsonite form during CO2 storage?
Authors: Hellevang Helge , Aagaard Per , Jahren Jens 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFor more than a decade, a debate has been going on as to whether dawsonite can sequester CO2, and be the dominant secondary carbonate where reservoirs lack divalent metal cations. Numerical simulations have suggested large‐scale formation, whereas natural occurrences in present‐day or previously CO2‐charged reservoirs are scarce. Natural occurrences, such as in sequences of the Hailaer and Songliao basins, may nevertheless suggest that dawsonite can form under CO2 storage conditions (<120 °C) given the right temperature‐composition window. The exact conditions, however (CO2 pressure, alkalinity, temperature, ionic strength) are highly uncertain. Moreover, there are no data on the rate of nucleation and growth of dawsonite, and numerical predictions are forced into using simplified kinetic expressions with values of kinetic constants obtained from far‐from‐equilibrium dissolution rate experiments, a method that is questioned today. There are good indications that a range of reservoirs may become supersaturated with respect to dawsonite during CO2 storage, but this does not imply spontaneous growth. The retention time (the nucleation stage) may be long, and growth rates may be significantly lower than predicted from the far‐from‐equilibrium dissolution rates. The lack of nucleation and growth rate data for dawsonite, the lack of dawsonite growth in laboratory experiments under CO2 storage conditions (not highly alkaline), and the uncertainty in growth conditions for the natural analogues, thus render numerical predictions highly uncertain. Conclusions on the mineral carbonatization potential should therefore be taken with caution if dawsonite is the dominant secondary carbonate predicted to form. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd