bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 expression in glioma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Peng-Cheng , Yun De-Bo , Huang Ya-Xin , Huang Qian-Yi 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system neoplasm. Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas, patient prognosis remains dismal. Therefore, it is imperative to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of glioma to effectively improve treatment outcomes.
AIM
To investigate the association between oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2) expression and the outcomes of glioma patients.
METHODS
The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for studies (published up to October 2023) that investigated the relationship between Olig2 expression and prognosis of glioma patients. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Data analyses were performed using Stata Version 12.0 software.
RESULTS
A total of 1205 glioma patients from six studies were included in the meta-analysis. High Olig2 expression was associated with better outcomes in glioma patients [hazard ratio (HR): 0.81; 95% (confidence interval) CI: 0.51-1.27; P = 0.000]. Furthermore, the results of subgroup meta-analysis showed that high expression of Olig2 was associated with poor overall survival in European patients (HR: 1.34; 95%CI: 0.79-2.27) and better prognosis in Asian patients (HR: 0.43; 95%CI: 0.22-0.84). The sensitivity analysis showed that no single study had a significant effect on pooled HR, and there was also no indication of publication bias according to the Egger’s and Begger’s P value test or funnel plot test.
CONCLUSION
High Olig2 expression may have a positive impact on the prognosis of glioma patients, and should be investigated further as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma.
Returning from the afterlife? Sotorasib treatment for advanced KRAS mutant lung cancer: A case report
Authors: Wang Ming-Xing , Zhu Pei , Shi Yue , Sun Qing-Ming , Dong Wan-Hui 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Lung cancer is increasing in incidence worldwide, and targeted therapies are developing at a rapid pace. Furthermore, the KRAS specific gene is strongly associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC who have tested positive for the KRAS G12C mutation and have progressed after at least one systemic treatment are treated with sotorasib.
CASE SUMMARY
In this study, we report on an advanced NSCLC with a KRAS G12C mutation. The histological diagnosis indicates stage IVB left lung adenocarcinoma with pelvic and bone metastases, identified as cT4N2bM1c. Using circulating tumor DNA analysis, it was possible to determine the mutation abundance of the KRAS gene exon 2, c.34G > Tp.G12C, which was 32.3%. The patient was advised to take sotorasib as part of their treatment. The imaging data were compared before and after treatment. Furthermore, clinical reassessments and regular serial blood testing were conducted. We found that the patient’s clinical symptoms significantly improved after receiving sotorasib medication, and there were no notable side effects, such as liver toxicity, during the treatment.
CONCLUSION
Sotorasib has shown promising clinical efficacy in patients with the KRAS G12c mutation and has no apparent toxic side effects.
Omadacycline in the treatment of scrub typhus: Three case reports
Authors: Lang Xue-Mei , Qiu Yun , Jia Ya-Juan , Sun Hong , Gao Su-Min , Zhao Hong-Mei 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Scrub typhus is a naturally occurring acute infectious disease that is primarily transmitted through the bites of chiggers or larval mites infected by Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi) . Omadacycline, a novel tetracycline, exhibits potent antibacterial efficacy against both typical bacteria and atypical pathogens. However, omadacycline application in the treatment of scrub typhus remains limited.
CASE SUMMARY
In the present work, we report several cases of scrub typhus, with the main clinical symptoms being fever, the formation of eschars or ulcers, local or systemic lymphadenopathy, headache, myalgia and rash. Blood samples were collected before omadacycline was administered, and O. tsutsugamushi infection was confirmed through targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS). After two days of treatment, the patients’ symptoms, including fever, were alleviated, with no adverse drug reactions.
CONCLUSION
tNGS is an effective method for diagnosing scrub typhus. Omadacycline can be considered an alternative option for antiinfective therapy in patients with O. tsutsugamushi infections.
Household food insecurity and its association with academic performance among primary school adolescents in Hargeisa City, Somaliland
Authors: Adam Sagal Mohamed , Teshoma Melese Sinaga , Ahmed Awale Sh. Dahir , Tamiru Dessalegn 
Published: July 2024

Background
Academic achievement is crucial for the social and economic development of young people and determines the quality of education of a nation. According to different studies, food insecurity adversely affects children’s health, nutrition, and subsequent decline in academic performance by impairing students’ ability to learn and therefore affects the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all. To provide evidence on the association of food insecurity with academic performance is necessary. The current study assessed household food insecurity and its association with academic performance among primary school adolescents in Hargeisa City, Somaliland.

Methods
A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 630 primary school adolescents from December 2021 to March 2022. Students were selected using a multistage sampling technique. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on household food security and socio-demographic variables and entered into Epi data version 3.1. The data was exported to SPSS version 26 for descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals together with p <0.05 were utilized to declare statistical significance.

Results
The prevalence of food insecurity among school adolescents was 59.21%. The majority (55.40%) of the school adolescents were poor academic performers. The frequency of adolescents’ poor academic performance was significantly high (71.05%) among food insecure households (P < 0.001) as compared to their counterparts whose households were food secure (32.68%). On multivariable analysis, household food insecurity (AOR = 5.24, 95%CI = 3.17–8.65), school absenteeism (AOR = 3.49, 95%CI = 2.20–5.53), spending >2h/day watching TV / screen media use (AOR = 9.08, 95%CI = 4.81–17.13), high and middle wealth households (AOR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.30–0.88) (AOR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.21–0.76) and habitual breakfast consumption (AOR = 0.08, 95%CI = 0.03–0.20) had shown statistically significant association with academic performance among primary school adolescents.

Conclusion
The present study revealed that household food insecurity has a high association with adolescents’ academic performance. The prevalence of food insecurity is moderate, based on the household food insecurity access scale. The results indicate the need for policies and programs intended to improve household income by developing income-generation programs for lower-income families and enhance feeding programs such as national school lunch and school feeding across schools in the country.
Health conditions contribution to disability burden in Spain and the role of ethnicity and migrant status: A nation-wide study
Authors: Casillas-Clot Javier , Pereyra-Zamora Pamela , Nolasco Andreu 
Published: July 2024

Background
Disability is frequently associated with contextual or lifestyle factors. Some health conditions may affect the prevalence of disability differently, especially for some minority groups. This study aims to assess the impact and contribution of different health conditions to disability burden in Spain in Roma and immigrant populations, compared to the general population.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study. We have used data from the Spanish National Survey of 2017 and the National Health Survey of the Roma Population 2014. We have calculated frequencies of demographic variables and prevalence of health conditions grouped by body function. We also have fitted binomial additive hazard models, using the attribution method, to assess disabling impact and contribution of health conditions to disability burden. The software R was used for the computations.

Results
Roma and immigrant populations had worse socioeconomic status than the general population, although the gap was more heavily marked among Roma. Roma population showed a higher prevalence in all health conditions, with a disability prevalence of 57.90%, contrary to the immigrant population, that showed a lower prevalence in all health conditions, including disability (30.79%), than the general population (40.00%). However, all health conditions were more disabling in the immigrant population. Neurological and cardiovascular diseases, and accidents among Roma, were the most disabling conditions. Nevertheless, musculoskeletal, chronic pain, and sensory diseases among Roma, had a greater contribution to disability burden, mainly due to a combination of a great prevalence and a great impact in functions of those health conditions.

Conclusion
Both ethnicity and migrant status have shown differences in the burden of disability. While in the general population, musculoskeletal problems have the greatest contribution to the disability burden, in immigrants it was chronic pain and in the Roma population it was sensory problems. Disparities by sex were also found, with the contribution of musculoskeletal diseases being more important in females.
Effectiveness of D-dimer in predicting distant metastasis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Xin , Li Wenxing , Wang Xuan , Lin Jinhe , Dang Chengxue , Diao Dongmei 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Patients with cancer often present with a hypercoagulable state, which is closely associated with tumor progression. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of D-dimer in predicting distant metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods
This study included 529 patients diagnosed with CRC at our hospital between January 2020 and December 2022. Plasma coagulation indicators and tumor markers were collected prior to treatment and their diagnostic efficacy for predicting CRC metastasis was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Independent risk factors for evaluating tumor metastasis were obtained by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
The level of D-dimer in the metastatic group was significantly higher than that in the non-metastatic group (P<0.001). The results of the multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that lower level of prealbumin and platelet, and higher level of glucose, CEA and D-dimer were independent risk factors for distant metastasis in patients with CRC (P<0.05, respectively). The combination of prealbumin, glucose, D-dimer, platelet and tumor markers (PRE2) was found to be significantly more effective in predicting metastasis of CRC when compared to the combination of tumor marker alone (PRE1, P<0.001).

Conclusion
Plasma D-dimer may be a novel tumor marker for screening metastases of CRC.
Can internal medicine specialists diagnose functional somatic disorders (FSDs)? Training and comparison with FSD specialists
Authors: Madsen Michael Moesmann , Trolle Christian , Fynne Lotte , Ørnbøl Eva , Fink Per , Gormsen Lise Kirstine 
Published: July 2024

Background
Functional somatic disorders (FSD) are a common problem across medical settings and remain challenging to diagnose and treat. Many patients with FSD undergo sequential and unnecessary extensive diagnostic work-up, which is costly for society and stressful for patients. Previous studies have shown that the empirically based FSD diagnostic entities are interrater reliable and stable over time.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate whether internists who have received adequate training and with sufficient time per patient could diagnose FSD.

Design
This was a prospective diagnostic accuracy study. The study was conducted from May 2020 to April 2022.

Participants
The study included 27 consecutive patients referred by their general practitioner to a non-psychiatric diagnostic clinic for assessment of physical symptoms on suspicion of FSD.

Interventions
The internists received a 30-hour training course in the use of a tailored version of the SCAN interview.

Main measures
The main outcome measure was the agreement between the diagnoses of the internists and the reference diagnoses made by specialists in FSD on the basis of the full SCAN interview.

Key results
The interrater agreement between the internists and the FSD experts was substantial for any FSD (kappa = 0.63) as well as multi-organ vs. single-organ FSD (kappa = 0.73), indicating good diagnostic agreement.

Conclusions
Internists with proper training and sufficient time (3–4 hours) per patient can proficiently diagnose FSD employing a tailored version of the SCAN interview for use in a non-psychiatric diagnostic setting.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection and its determinants among pregnant women in East Africa: Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yirsaw Bantie Getnet , Agimas Muluken Chanie , Alemu Gebrie Getu , Tesfie Tigabu Kidie , Derseh Nebiyu Mekonnen , Abuhay Habtamu Wagnew , Alemayehu Meron Asmamaw , Yismaw Getaneh Awoke 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionHepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major public health problems globally and needs an urgent response. It is one of the most responsible causes of mortality among the five hepatitis viruses, and it affects almost every class of individuals. Different studies were conducted on the prevalence of HBV among pregnant women in East African countries, but none of them showed the pooled prevalence of HBV among the pregnant women. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the pooled prevalence and its determinants among pregnant women in East Africa.MethodsWe searched studies using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and grey literature that were published between January 01/2020 to January 30/2024. The studies were assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) quality assessment scale. The random-effect (DerSimonian) model was used to determine the pooled prevalence and associated factors of HBV among pregnant women. Heterogeneity were assessed by I2statistic, sub-group analysis, and sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed by Egger test, and the analysis was done using STATA version 17.ResultA total of 45 studies with 35639 pregnant women were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of HBV among pregnant women in East Africa was 6.0% (95% CI: 6.0%−7.0%, I2= 89.7%). The highest prevalence of 8% ((95% CI: 6%, 10%), I2= 91.08%) was seen in 2021, and the lowest prevalence 5% ((95% CI: 4%, 6%) I2= 52.52%) was observed in 2022. A pooled meta-analysis showed that history of surgical procedure (OR = 2.14 (95% CI: 1.27, 3.61)), having multiple sexual partners (OR = 3.87 (95% CI: 2.52, 5.95), history of body tattooing (OR = 2.55 (95% CI: 1.62, 4.01)), history of tooth extraction (OR = 2.09 (95% CI: 1.29, 3.39)), abortion history(OR = 2.20(95% CI: 1.38, 3.50)), history of sharing sharp material (OR = 1.88 (95% CI: 1.07, 3.31)), blood transfusion (OR = 2.41 (95% CI: 1.62, 3.57)), family history of HBV (OR = 4.87 (95% CI: 2.95, 8.05)) and history needle injury (OR = 2.62 (95% CI: 1.20, 5.72)) were significant risk factors associated with HBV infection among pregnant women.ConclusionsThe pooled prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women in East Africa was an intermediate level and different across countries ranging from 1.5% to 22.2%. The result of this pooled prevalence was an indication of the need for screening, prevention, and control of HBV infection among pregnant women in the region. Therefore, early identification of risk factors, awareness creation on the mode of transmission HBV and implementation of preventive measures are essential in reducing the burden of HBV infection among pregnant women.
Psychiatric Disorders Among 5,800 Patients With Microscopic Colitis: A Nationwide Population-Based Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Bergman David , Roelstraete Bjorn , Sun Jiangwei , Ebrahimi Fahim , Butwicka Agnieszka , Pardi Darrell S. , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Microscopic colitis (MC) is an inflammatory condition of the large intestine. Primarily diagnosed in middle-aged and older adults, the incidence of the disease has increased markedly during the past few decades. While MC is associated with a reduced quality of life, large-scale studies on the association with future psychiatric disorders are lacking.

METHODS:
We conducted a nationwide matched cohort study in Sweden from 2006 to 2021. Through a nationwide histopathology database (the Epidemiology Strengthened by histoPathology Reports in Sweden study), we identified 5,816 patients with a colorectal biopsy consistent with MC. These patients were matched with 21,509 reference individuals from the general population all of whom with no previous record of psychiatric disorders.

RESULTS:
From 2006 to 2021, 519 patients with MC (median age 64.4 years [interquartile range = 49.5–73.3]) and 1,313 reference individuals were diagnosed with psychiatric disorders (9.9 vs 6.5 events per 1,000 person-years), corresponding to 1 extra case of psychiatric disorder in 29 patients with MC over 10 years. After adjustments, the hazard ratio for psychiatric disorders was 1.57 (95% confidence interval = 1.42–1.74). We found significantly elevated estimates up to 10 years after MC diagnosis and a trend toward higher risk with increasing age. Specifically, we observed increased risks for unipolar depression, anxiety disorders, stress-related disorders, substance abuse, and suicide attempts. In sibling-controlled analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.76 (95% confidence interval = 1.44–2.15).

DISCUSSION:
Patients with MC are at increased risk of incident psychiatric disorders compared with the general population.
Penile Prosthetic Pump Reservoir Mimicking a Cecal Subepithelial Mass
Authors: Ameyaw Prince Addo , Aslanian Harry R. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Intestinal subepithelial lesions are often encountered during endoscopy. Etiologies can include lesions intrinsic or extrinsic to the gastrointestinal wall. They can present a diagnostic dilemma as simple mucosal biopsies are often nondiagnostic. The combination of characteristic radiographic, endoscopic, and endosonographic features can aid in a definitive diagnosis precluding the need for unnecessary tissue sampling of extrinsic compressive etiologies. The location of the space of Retzius which is the traditional site of penile prosthetic pump reservoir insertion can predispose to cecal compression. We present a rare case of a penile prosthetic pump reservoir presenting as a cecal subepithelial mass on endoscopy.
Colloid Carcinoma of the Pancreas: A Rare Initial Presentation of Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Tariq Zoon , Riess Joanna , Johnson Lynt B. , Younes Mamoun 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Patients with Lynch syndrome, most commonly associated with colorectal cancer, have an increased risk of developing other tumors including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and precursor lesions, such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Here, we present a case of a man in his early 20s who presented with a retroperitoneal mass involving the head of the pancreas. Following a pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with para-aortic lymphadenectomy, a pathologic diagnosis of colloid carcinoma, also known as mucinous noncystic carcinoma, of the pancreas was reported. Further testing established the diagnosis of Lynch syndrome. This case is unique because colloid carcinoma of the pancreas is rare and has never been reported as an initial presentation of Lynch syndrome.
SpyGlass/Cholangioscope-Assisted Colonoscopic Removal of Appendicolith as a Nonsurgical Alternative for Stump Appendicitis Management
Authors: Sudan Aarushi , Julka Dhawani , Patel Sunny A. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
An appendicolith is a calcified mass which can obstruct the appendix often leading to recurrent appendicitis. Failure to extract fecalith at the time of appendectomy can lead to recurrent inflammation in the appendiceal stump. We describe a 28-year-old man with stump appendicitis due to a retained fecalith postappendectomy. Our approach, akin to interval appendectomy, combines antibiotics and endoscopic intervention postinfection resolution. This case highlights the feasibility and safety of endoscopic management, offering a nonsurgical alternative to prevent the morbidity associated with revision surgery. Further exploration of nonsurgical modalities is warranted to optimize patient outcomes.
The Potential Role of Female Sex Hormones in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Pan Jiaqi , Jiang Wenxi , Xin Linying , Wu Jiali , Zhu Shefeng , Liu Zhaoxue , Shen Zhe 
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:
An association between female sex hormones and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported in epidemiological studies. However, a solid causal relationship has not been established. Therefore, we performed a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the causal association between genetically predicted female sex hormone exposure, especially estrogen, and IBD.

METHODS:
Genetic variants for female sex hormone exposure (ovulatory function, reproductive function, oral contraceptive pills, and hormone replacement therapy) were obtained from genome-wide association studies. Summary statistics for IBD were derived from the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium. We applied inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median (WM) methods in this MR study. Heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to confirm the accuracy and robustness of our results.

RESULTS:
Our study found that genetically predicted age at menarche was associated with an increased risk of Crohn's disease (odds ratio [OR]IVW 1.235, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.028–1.484, P = 0.024), genetically predicted age of the last used hormone replacement therapy was associated with an increased risk of ulcerative colitis (ORWM 1.636, 95% CI 1.011–2.648, P = 0.045), and genetically predicted number of live births was related to a decreased risk of Crohn's disease (ORIVW 0.583, 95% CI 0.373–0.912, P = 0.018).

DISCUSSION:
This study provided evidence for a link between female sex hormone exposure, especially estrogen, and IBD. Further investigations are needed to explore the causal effect of estrogen on IBD activity and the underlying mechanism of estrogen in IBD.