bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hinge Position on Corneal Sensation and Dry Eye Parameters After Femtosecond Laser–assisted LASIK
Authors: Huang Jerry Chien-Chieh , Sun Chi-Chin , Chang Chao-Kay , Ma David Hui-Kang , Lin Yi-Fang 
Published: September 2012

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the effect of superior- versus nasal-hinged flaps on corneal sensation and dry eye after femtosecond laser–assisted LASIK.

METHODS:
A total of 43 patients who had undergone bilateral femtosecond laser–assisted LASIK for myopia were evaluated in a prospective, nonrandomized, contralateral eye study to compare the difference between different hinges on corneal sensation and dry eye. Corneal esthesiometry, Schirmer basic tear secretion test (BST), tear break-up time (BUT), ocular surface stainings, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire were used to evaluate corneal sensation and dry eye parameters preoperatively as well as at 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Corneal sensation decreased significantly in both groups 1 week after surgery (
P
<.05 in the nasal hinge group;
P
<.01 in the superior hinge group) and gradually recovered over the first 3 months. No significant change was noted in BUT after surgery in either group (
P
>.05). Significant increases were noted in BST values at 1 and 3 months (
P
<.05) and 6 months (
P
<.01) postoperatively in both groups. Corneal fluorescein staining increased significantly in both groups at 1 week (
P
<.01) and returned to baseline by 6 months. Conjunctival Rose Bengal staining decreased significantly by 6 months in the superior hinge group only (
P
<.05). The OSDI significantly increased 1 week after surgery (
P
<.01) and did not completely return to baseline by 6 months postoperatively in either group (
P
<.05). No significant differences were noted in any of the parameters between groups at any time point (
P
>.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Hinge position had no significant effect on corneal sensation or dry eye parameters. Aggressive dry eye regimens are needed for patients with preoperative dry eye.
Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Calculation With Ray Tracing
Authors: Hoffmann Peter , Wahl Jochen , Preußner Paul-Rolf 
Published: September 2012

PURPOSE:
To quantify the current accuracy limits of ray tracing for intraocular lens (IOL) calculations, compare results for spherical vs aspheric IOLs, and determine the value of using crystalline lens thickness in IOL calculations.

METHODS:
Of 591 eyes, 363 eyes were implanted with spherical IOLs (320 SA60AT [Alcon Laboratories Inc] and 43 Y-60H [Hoya Corp]) and 228 eyes had aspheric, aberration-correcting IOLs (57 SN60WF [Alcon Laboratories Inc], 112 Tecnis ZCB00 [Abbott Medical Optics], 21 CTAsphina404 [Carl Zeiss Meditec], and 38 iMics1 [Hoya Corp]), all calculated with OKULIX ray tracing (Tedics), based on Lenstar (Haag-Streit) measurements of axial length, corneal radii, and position and thickness of the crystalline lens. The measure of accuracy was the prediction error, ie, the difference between calculated refraction and manifest refraction (spherical equivalent) 1 month after surgery calculated as mean absolute error (MAE).

RESULTS:

The prediction error with aspheric IOLs was lower than that with spherical IOLs (MAE 0.27 vs 0.36 D) and was lower for patients with corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) ⩾1.0 compared to CDVA <1.0 (MAE 0.26 vs 0.38 D). For aspheric IOLs and CDVA ⩾1.0, MAE differed by a factor of two compared to spherical IOLs and CDVA <1.0 (MAE 0.21 vs 0.42 D). Taking the crystalline lens position and thickness into account improved the prediction error by ∼9% overall (MAE 0.33 vs 0.36 D) and was most beneficial in patients with aspheric lenses and CDVA ⩾1.0 (MAE improved from 0.26 to 0.21 D). All differences between the investigated subgroups were statistically significant (
P
<.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Ray tracing for IOL calculation is particularly beneficial with aspheric IOLs and in eyes with good (20/20 or better) postoperative visual acuity.
Initial Surface Temperature of PMMA Plates Used for Daily Laser Calibration Affects the Predictability of Corneal Refractive Surgery
Authors: Wernli Jeremy , Schumacher Silvia , Wuellner Christian , Donitzky Christof , Mrochen Michael 
Published: September 2012

PURPOSE:
To investigate the relevance of initial temperature of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plates used as a target for photoablation during calibration of excimer lasers performed in daily clinical routine.

METHODS:

An experimental argon fluoride excimer laser with a repetition rate of 1050 Hz, a radiant exposure of 500 mJ/cm
2
, and single pulse energy of 2.1 mJ was used for photoablation of PMMA plates. The initial plate temperature varied from 10.1°C to 75.7°C. The initial temperature was measured with an infrared camera and the central ablation depth of a myopic ablation of −9.00 diopters (D) with an optical zone of 6.5 mm was measured by means of a surface profiling system.

RESULTS:

The ablation depth increased linearly from 73.9 to 96.3 μm within a temperature increase from 10.1°C to 75.7°C (increase rate of 0.3192 μm/K). The linear correlation was found to be significant (
P
<.05) with a coefficient of determination of R
2
=0.95. Based on these results and assuming a standard room temperature of 20°C, optimal plate temperature was calculated to be 15°C to 25°C to maintain an ablation within 0.25 D.

CONCLUSIONS:
The temperature of PMMA plates for clinical laser calibration should be controlled ideally within a range of approximately ±5°C, to avoid visually significant refractive error due to calibration error. Further experimental investigations are required to determine the influence of different initial corneal temperatures on the refractive outcome.
Generalized Triple Homomorphisms and Derivations
Authors: Garcés Jorge J. , Peralta Antonio M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe introduce generalized triple homomorphisms between Jordan–Banach triple systems as a concept that extends the notion of generalized homomorphisms between Banach algebras given by K. Jarosz and B. E. Johnson in 1985 and 1987, respectively. We prove that every generalized triple homomorphism between JB*-triples is automatically continuous. When particularized to C*-algebras, we rediscover one of the main theorems established by Johnson. We will also consider generalized triple derivations from a Jordan–Banach tripleEinto a Jordan–Banach tripleE-module, proving that every generalized triple derivation from a JB*tripleEinto itself or into E*is automatically continuous.
Simulation informatisée en humanités et sciences sociales
Authors: Scalas Enrico 
Published: September 2012

Ce texte court sur les simulations dans les sciences humaines et sociales est consacré aux simulations multi-agents. Les ingrédients d’une simulation multi-agents sont essentiellement au nombre de deux : agents et interactions. Les Agents avec leurs propriétés interagissent entre eux et les interactions peuvent être soit directes soit indirectes. Par analogie avec les systèmes physiques, la pertinence de l’équilibre statistique en économie peut être aussi analysée.
Le français, langue minoritaire, en milieu de travail : des représentations linguistiques à l’insécurité linguistique
Authors: LeBlanc Matthieu 
Published: September 2012

Le présent article fait état de résultats partiels d’une étude ethnosociolinguistique menée dans un milieu de travail bilingue (anglais-français) au Nouveau-Brunswick. Nous nous penchons notamment sur les représentations qu’entretiennent les locuteurs de la langue minoritaire, les francophones, à l’égard de leur langue et de celle des autres, l’objectif étant de voir en quoi les représentations sont intimement liées aux pratiques langagières et, dans le cas à l’étude, à l’insécurité linguistique. Ces questions permettent de mieux comprendre ce que veut dire être « minoritaire » en milieu de travail et, surtout, pourquoi il importe de tenir compte de la dimension symbolique de la langue dans l’analyse des situations sociolinguistiques.
Identité linguistique et poids des langues : une étude comparative entre des jeunes de milieu scolaire francophone au Nouveau-Brunswick et anglophone au Québec
Authors: Pilote Annie , Magnan Marie-Odile , Vieux-Fort Karine 
Published: September 2012

Cet article porte sur la construction identitaire en milieu linguistique minoritaire au Canada. Partant d’une démarche qualitative comparative entre des jeunes d’un milieu scolaire francophone au Nouveau-Brunswick et anglophone au Québec, il examine les processus à travers lesquels les jeunes construisent leur identité linguistique, c’est-à-dire à travers une négociation entre leur définition subjective de Soi et des identités transmises par Autrui (en particulier la famille et l’école). Les résultats sont présentés à partir de configurations identitaires liées au type de familles dont sont issus les jeunes interrogés : endogames majoritaires, endogames minoritaires et exogames (français et anglais). L’analyse démontre que si l’identification « bilingue » est présente chez les deux groupes de jeunes étudiés, les enjeux qui s’y rattachent varient en fonction du poids relatif de l’anglais et du français dans l’environnement nord-américain.
Une nouvelle logique de l’interdisciplinarité
Authors: Schmid Anne-Françoise , Mambrini-Doudet Muriel , Hatchuel Armand 
Published: September 2012

Une épistémologie non-standard, relativement autonome des disciplines et du présent, est nécessaire pour caractériser une nouvelle logique de l’interdisciplinarité. Il s’agira de montrer comment la crise de la représentation des sciences, la modification des objets scientifiques contemporains, l’hétérogénéité et l’incompatibilité des modèles – un autre rapport au futur dans les sciences – nous conduit à pratiquer une « interdiscipline » qui ne peut plus être caractérisée comme la combinaison de connaissances disciplinaires différentes. Nous montrerons comment construire dans cette hétérogénéité des « lieux d’interdiscipline » qui permettent de nouvelles relations entre les disciplines, ainsi que des relations démocratiques entre disciplines. Cela suppose une translation ou une dérive des disciplines et une conception des objets comme « inconnus » et non représentables dans une « distance phénoménologique ».
La double quête : un essai sur la dimension cosmologique de synthèses interdisciplinaires en sciences sociales
Authors: Stoczkowski Wiktor 
Published: September 2012

Depuis leur émergence, les sciences sociales se livrent à une double quête : d’une part, elles cherchent à construire une connaissance objective du monde humain; d’autre part, elles souhaitent employer cette connaissance pour apporter au monde humain des améliorations radicales. Ces deux ambitions ont été systématiquement tenues pour complémentaires et compatibles : la connaissance de l’homme et de la société devait être un moyen; la transformation de l’homme et de la société en était la fin. Il s’agit là d’un pari fondateur des sciences sociales, responsable de la plupart des espoirs dont on a pu les investir. En prenant comme exemple quatre « grandes théories », cet article se propose d’analyser les présupposés et les implications de cette double quête des sciences sociales.
The Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and Its Exploitation in the Fields of Personalized Genomics and Molecular Evolution
Authors: Stenson Peter D. , Ball Edward V. , Mort Matthew , Phillips Andrew D. , Shaw Katy , Cooper David N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) constitutes a comprehensive core collection of data on germ‐line mutations in nuclear genes underlying or associated with human inherited disease (http://www.hgmd.org). Data cataloged include single‐base‐pair substitutions in coding, regulatory, and splicing‐relevant regions, micro‐deletions and micro‐insertions, indels, and triplet repeat expansions, as well as gross gene deletions, insertions, duplications, and complex rearrangements. Each mutation is entered into HGMD only once, in order to avoid confusion between recurrent and identical‐by‐descent lesions. By March 2012, the database contained in excess of 123,600 different lesions (HGMD Professional release 2012.1) detected in 4,514 different nuclear genes, with new entries currently accumulating at a rate in excess of 10,000 per annum. ∼6,000 of these entries constitute disease‐associated and functional polymorphisms. HGMD also includes cDNA reference sequences for more than 98% of the listed genes. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 39:1.13.1‐1.13.20. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Metallomics Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Vaccaro Brian J. , Menon Angeli L. , Lancaster W. Andrew , Adams Michael W. W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractInductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP‐MS) is a highly sensitive elemental analysis technique that has been widely applied in many fields. Here we describe applications using a broad‐scale approach to examine metal usage in biology. These protocols address questions such as: Which elements from the surrounding environment are taken up into the cells of a given organism? How does this vary between different organisms? Which metals are “bound” and which are “free”? With which type(s) of proteins are the “bound” metals associated? This allows for investigations into several branches of bioinorganic chemistry including uptake, toxicity, detoxification, bioremediation, and the discovery of new uses for elements. In the protocols presented here, there is an emphasis on metals, and, more narrowly, on transition metals because these comprise the majority of tightly protein‐bound, low‐abundance elements. Nonmetals, metalloids, main‐group metals, and f‐block metals are also analyzed and investigated. The sample preparation procedure requires acid lability for detection, which likely eliminates certain nonmetals, such as selenium. However, one advantage of the protocols described is that they are readily adapted to measure any element of interest. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 4:249‐274 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of Addition Order of the Components on Polyamide‐6/Organoclay/Elastomer Ternary Nanocomposites
Authors: Isik‐gulsac Isil , Yilmazer Ulku , Bayram Goknur 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe effects of addition order of the components for ethylene–glycidyl methacrylate (E‐GMA) copolymers and two types of organoclays (Cloisite® 15A and Cloisite® 30B) on morphology and mechanical properties of polyamide‐6/elastomer/organoclay ternary nanocomposites were investigated by x‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, melt flow index (MFI) measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile and impact tests. Four different addition orders (All‐S, PI‐C, PC‐I, and IC‐P) were applied through melt blending in a twin‐screw extruder. All‐S indicates that the elastomer, the organoclay, and polyamide‐6 were compounded in the extruder simultaneously, and the resulting compound was extruded once more. The other symbols represent the components for the two extrusions. P, I, and C stand for polyamide‐6, elastomer, and organoclay, respectively. The first two ingredients were compounded in the first extrusion, and the resulting compound was mixed with the third component in the second extrusion run. For polyamide‐6/ Cloisite® 15A/E‐GMA nanocomposites processed by PI‐C and IC‐P addition orders, stacked silicate layers were observed in the TEM micrographs. On the contrary, the nanocomposites with Cloisite® 30B gave the best result in terms of intercalation/exfoliation in the IC‐P sequence. Generally, for Cloisite® 15A containing ternary nanocomposites, the All‐S addition order gave the highest impact strength, tensile strength, and Young's modulus owing to potential interactions between the functional groups of the three components. For polyamide‐6/Cloisite® 30B/E‐GMA ternary nanocomposites, the PC‐I mixing sequence produced the highest Young's modulus. For these nanocomposites, impact and tensile strengths and elongation at break were relatively insensitive to the mixing order. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E675–E691, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21310
Synthesis of Chiral N‐(Purin‐6‐yl)amino Acid Derivatives by using Natural Amino Acids as Starting Materials
Authors: Niu Hong‐Ying , Bai Shi‐Xia , Wu Shan , Qu Gui‐Rong , Guo Hai‐Ming 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn efficient synthetic method for the preparation of N‐(purin‐6‐yl)amino acids and their derivatives from readily available natural amino acids under mild reaction conditions has been developed. A one‐pot reaction within a short reaction time gives high yields of the chiral N‐(purin‐6‐yl)amino acid derivatives with an easy post‐reaction procedure, which is promising for large‐scale production.
N‐Alkylsulfonylimines as Dipolarophiles in Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Stubbing Louise A. , Savage G. Paul , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFirst described in the late 1960s, N‐alkylsulfonylimines are heterocumulenes that participate in reactions with a range of 1,3‐dipoles to afford interesting 3‐, 4‐, 5‐, and 6‐membered heterocycles. The distribution of adducts obtained suggests that multistage, stepwise mechanistic pathways rather than a concerted process are in operation.
Electron Spin Resonance Study of Radicals Derived from Picolines
Authors: Rakowsky TH. , Dohrmann J. K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractESR spectra of the three isomeric 1‐hydropicolinyl radicals (methyl‐substituted 1‐hydropyridinyl radicals) have been measured in solution at room temperature. The radicals have been generated by in situ photoreduction of the picolines in isopropyl alcohol solution containing acetone. Most of the coupling constants could be assigned experimentally. Calculations of π spin density using the Hückel, McLachlan, and INDO approximations have been performed for the 1‐hydropicolinyls and also for 1‐hydropyridinyl. Two of the ring proton coupling constants of both 1‐hydro‐2‐methylpyridinyl and 1‐hydro‐3‐methylpyridinyl and the signs of all the proton coupling constants have been assigned on the basis of calculated McLachlan spin densities. The Q parameters of the McConnell‐type relations have been deduced from the measured coupling constants of the 1‐hydropicolinyls and of 1‐hydropyridinyl by use of the condition for conservation of spin density. The values obtained are Q = −27.7 ± 1.1 G, Q = −14.5 ± 2.6 G, and QH = 26.2 ± 1.1 G. It could be shown that only the signs of the spin density calculated by the McLachlan procedure resulted in consistent values of Q. The Karplus‐Fraenkel relation for the nitrogen coupling constant has been confirmed. The values of the Q parameters have been deduced from measured coupling constants and experimental spin densities. Values of QN = 9.6 ± 2.5 G and Q = 8.5 ± 2.9 G have been found. Comparison of the Q parameters with values previously determined for related radicals indicates that there are differences between the groups of 1‐hydropyridinyl and N,N′‐dihydrodiazine radicals.
Nahordnungen in Flüssigkeiten, III1H‐ und13C‐NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen zum Solvatationsverhalten von Acrylnitril und seinen Methylderivaten
Authors: Schröer W. , Lippert E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDie Konzentrationsabhängigkeit der1H‐ und13C‐NMR‐Lösungsmittelverschiebung der Vinylgruppe von Acrylnitril und den methylsubstituierten Derivaten wird im binären System mit CCl4und im ternären mit CCl4/HMPT (Hexamethyl‐Phosphorsäure‐Triamid) untersucht und nach dem Modell der Kontaktwahrscheinlichkeiten [1, 2] ausgewertet. Für die Wechselwirkung der basischen Phosphoryl‐Gruppe mit dem β‐trans‐Proton wird für Acrylnitril eine Kontaktenergie von ΔH= (−2,5 ± 0,15) kcal/mol erhalten. Die Wechselwirkung mit dem α‐Zentrum ist geringer, während am β‐cis‐Proton keine wesentlich über die statistische Wahrscheinlichkeit hinausgehende Kontaktwahrscheinlichkeit beobachtet wird. Durch den +I‐Effekt der Methylgruppe sind die Wechselwirkungen mit den methylsubstituierten Verbindungen, insbesondere beim Methacrylnitril, geringer. Größe und Richtung der Assoziatverschiebung werden durch das Zusammenwirken der elektrostatischen Polarisation der CH‐Bindungen und der magnetischen Anisotropie in der Nachbarschaft der solvatisierenden PO‐ bzw. CN‐Gruppen erklärt.
Das Reaktionsverhalten von Bromacetylen I. Die Reaktion von H‐Atomen mit Bromacetylen
Authors: Lange W. , Wagner H. Gg. , Zetzsch C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDie Reaktion von Wasserstoffatomen mit Bromacetylen wurde im Temperaturbereich zwischen 252–345 K und bei Drücken von 3–9 Torr in einem isothermen Strömungssystem untersucht, das an ein Massenspektrometer mit Molekularstrahleinlaß angeschlossen war.Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Geschwindigkeitskonstante für den Elementarschritt

läßt sich durch den Arrheniusausdruck

beschreiben.Eine deutliche Druckabhängigkeit der Geschwindigkeitskonstante konnte nicht beobachtet werden.
Optisch‐elektronische Temperaturmessung an Plasmaflammen mit einer Xenon‐Hochdruck‐Lampe als Vergleichsstrahler
Authors: Huster R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, wie unter Verwendung einer Xenon‐Hochdruck‐Lampe als Vergleichsstrahler Plasmatemperaturen bis 5000 K mit einem objektiven, kontinuierlich arbeitenden Verfahren gemessen werden können. Im Zusammenhang hiermit wird eine Methode entwickelt, regelbare Vergleichsstrahler mit Hilfe nur eines Temperatur‐Fixpunktes absolut zu eichen.
Gitterschwingungsspektren — XII. Mitteilung [1] IR‐, FIR‐ und Ramanspektren von Erdalkalimetall‐ und Bleihalogenat‐Monohydraten
Authors: Lutz H. D. , Klüppel H.‐J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDie IR‐Absorptionsspektren, ‐Reflexionsspektren und Ramanspektren der Erdalkalimetall‐ und Bleihalogenat‐Monohydrate: Ba(ClO3)2 · H2O, Pb(ClO3)2 · H2O, Ca(BrO3)2 · H2O, Sr(BrO3)2 · H2O, Ba(BrO3)2 · H2O, Pb(BrO3)2 · H2O und Ba(JO3)2 · H2O sowie der deuterierten und partiell deuterierten Verbindungen werden im Bereich von 4000 — 30 cm−1 bei Temperaturen zwischen ‐160 und +190°C analysiert. Die Zuordnung der Schwingungen zu den verschiedenen Rassen der Faktorgruppe erfolgte mit Hilfe von Einkristallmessungen. Durch die starke Kopplung der inneren Schwingungen der Halogenationen wird eine relativ große Faktorgruppenaufspaltung der Schwingungen hervorgerufen. In den Halogenaten des Ba(ClO3)2 · H2O‐Typs liegen, wie aus der Lage der OH‐Streckschwingungen (bzw. den OH‐Valenzkraftkonstanten) sowie aus der anomalen Temperaturabhängigkeit der inneren Schwingungen der H2O‐Moleküle hervorgeht, symmetrische, jedoch nichtlineare Wasserstoffbrücken zu den Halogenationen vor, deren Stärke vom Chlorat zum Jodat zunimmt. Die Wasserstoffbrücken des Ca(BrO3)2 · H2O sind dagegen, wie das Auftreten von je zwei OH‐ und OD‐Streckschwingungen des HDO in teildeuterierten Präparaten zeigt, stark asymmetrisch.