bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the magnetotail source region leading to preonset poleward boundary intensifications
Authors: Nishimura Y. , Lyons L. R. , Xing X. , Angelopoulos V. , Donovan E. F. , Mende S. B. , Bonnell J. W. , Auster U. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSubstorm auroral onset is often preceded by plasma sheet flow bursts, poleward boundary intensifications (PBIs), and subsequent auroral streamers, suggesting that enhanced transient flows in the plasma sheet propagating toward the near‐Earth plasma sheet play an important role in leading to substorm onset. This study aims at determining the magnetotail source region of preonset PBIs and plasma sheet flows by using the ARTEMIS spacecraft coordinated with the THEMIS all‐sky imager array. ARTEMIS has an advantage of measuring flows between the nominal near‐Earth neutral line (NENL) and distant neutral line (DNL) locations, and thus, the flow direction allows identifying which source region is dominant. We found three preonset conjunction events, and all cases show earthward flow bursts ~10–30 min before substorm onset when PBIs and streamers are detected in the conjugate ionosphere. This time lag is sufficiently long to bring plasma from the ARTEMIS location toward the near‐Earth plasma sheet before onset. The earthward flow direction indicates that preonset enhanced flow channels leading to precursor PBIs originate from further downtail of ARTEMIS, possibly from DNL rather than from NENL. The flow direction changes to tailward after the substorm onset, suggesting that NENL is not related to preonset flow and auroral activity but becomes active during the expansion phase.
Modeling the recovery phase of extreme geomagnetic storms
Authors: Cid C. , Palacios J. , Saiz E. , Cerrato Y. , Aguado J. , Guerrero A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe recovery phase of the largest storms ever recorded has been studied. These events provide an extraordinary opportunity for two goals: (1) to validate the hyperbolic model by Aguado et al. () for the recovery phase after disturbances as severe as the Carrington event or that related to the Hydro‐Quebec blackout in March 1989, and (2) to check whether the linear relationship between the recovery time and the intensity of the storm still complies. Our results reveal the high accuracy of the hyperbolic decay function to reproduce the recovery phase of the magnetosphere after an extreme storm. Moreover, the characteristic time that takes the magnetosphere to recover depends in an exponential way on the intensity of the storm, as indicated by the relationship between the two parameters involved in the hyperbolic decay. This exponential function can be approached by a linear function when the severity of the storm diminishes.
Constraining spatial variability of methane ebullition seeps in thermokarst lakes using point process models
Authors: Walter Anthony Katey M. , Anthony Peter 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEbullition is an important but highly heterogeneous mode of methane emission in lakes. Variability in both spatial distribution and temporal flux creates difficulty in constraining uncertainties in whole lake emission estimates. Analysis of short‐ and long‐term flux measurements on 162 ebullition seeps in 24 panarctic lakes confirmed that seep classes, identified a priori according to bubble patterns in winter lake ice, have distinct associated fluxes irrespective of lake or region. To understand the drivers of ebullition's spatial variability and uncover ways to better quantify ebullition in field work, we combined point‐process modeling with field measurements of 2679 GPS‐marked and classified ebullition seeps in three Alaskan thermokarst (thaw) lakes that varied by region, permafrost type, and seep distribution. Spatial analysis of field data revealed that seeps cluster above thawed permafrost soil mounds in lake bottoms. Seep density and clustering, determined from field observations, were used as parameters in a Poisson cluster process model to simulate seeps across entire lake surfaces. Sampling results indicated that (1) applying seep‐class mean flux values to unmeasured seeps counted on ice‐bubble surveys does not compromise accuracy of whole lake flux estimates; (2) three distributed 50 m2 ice‐bubble survey transects more accurately estimate mean lake ebullition than 17 dispersed 0.2 m2 bubble traps; and (3) the uncertainty associated with whole lake mean ebullition estimated by lake‐ice survey transects is inversely related to seep density. Findings suggest that transect field data collected on a large number of widely distributed lakes can be combined to provide a well‐constrained, bottom‐up estimate of regional lake ebullition.
RESHAPING AN ASYMMETRICAL PARTNERSHIP: ACP‐EU RELATIONS FROM AN ACP PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Gomes Patrick I. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States and the European Union (EU) have engaged in what is known as a ‘special privileged’, legally binding contractual agreement on trade cooperation, development assistance and political dialogue since 1975. Currently expressed in the Cotonou Partnership Agreement for a 20‐year period from 2000, the agreement faces its final 5‐year review in 2015, which is proving conducive for an extensive debate between development practitioners on what future can be envisaged for ACP–EU relations in a world drastically different from the neocolonial era of the 1970s and offering new opportunities as well as challenges to trade, commerce and development assistance. From the perspective of a diplomatic representative of an ACP member state, a critique is offered of issues and instances in which the contested interests of the asymmetrical relationship can be interpreted in relation to the overarching objective of ‘reducing and eventually eradicating poverty’ as stated in the Cotonou Partnership Agreement. The author argues that the ACP Group, as the unique, transcontinental coalition of developing countries can be a significant partner with the EU and ‘new actors’, through south‐south and triangular cooperations to challenge traditional thinking and practice on development assistance by a thoroughly refashioned paradigm, in which equality, sustainability, inclusive growth and structural transformation of ACP economies must be pre‐eminent. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and viral findings in the nasopharynx of children attending day care
Authors: Kumpu Minna , Lehtoranta Liisa , Roivainen Merja , Rönkkö Esa , Ziegler Thedi , Söderlund‐Venermo Maria , Kautiainen Hannu , Järvenpää Salme , Kekkonen Riina , Hatakka Katja , Korpela Riitta , Pitkäranta Anne 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLimited data are available on the effects of probiotics on the nasopharyngeal presence of respiratory viruses in children attending day care. In this substudy of a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled 28‐week intervention study, nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected, on visits to a physician due to symptoms of infection, from children receiving control milk (N = 97) and children receiving the same milk supplemented with probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (N = 97). The presence of 14 respiratory viruses was assessed by PCR methods, and viral findings were compared with symptom prevalences in the intervention groups. Rhinovirus was identified in 28.6% of 315 swab samples, followed by respiratory syncytial virus (12.4%), parainfluenza virus 1 (12.1%), enterovirus (8.9%), influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (7.9%), human bocavirus 1 (3.8%), parainfluenza virus 2 (3.2%), adenovirus (2.9%), and influenza A(H3N2) (0.6%). The children in the probiotic group had less days with respiratory symptoms per month than the children in the control group (6.48 [95% CI 6.28–6.68] vs. 7.19 [95% CI 6.98–7.41], P < 0.001). Probiotic intervention did not reduce significantly the occurrence of the examined respiratory viruses, or have an effect on the number of respiratory symptoms observed at the time of a viral finding. Rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza virus 1 were the most common respiratory viruses in symptomatic children. Children receiving Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG had fewer days with respiratory symptoms than children in the control group, although probiotic intervention was not effective in reducing the amount of viral findings or the respiratory symptoms associated with viral findings. J. Med. Virol. 85:1632–1638, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Virus infections among young children—the first year of the INDIS study
Authors: Simonen‐Tikka Marja‐Leena , Klemola Päivi , Suomenrinne Sointu , Kaijalainen Svetlana , Söderström Daniela , Savolainen‐Kopra Carita , Näntö‐Salonen Kirsti , Ilonen Jorma , Simell Tuula , Simell Olli , Roivainen Merja 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe frequencies of early childhood infections were studied in healthy children with increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes participating in the ongoing prospective high intensive infection follow‐up Study, INDIS, started in 2009 in Turku, Finland. Here the results obtained from 160 stool to 160 nasal swab specimens collected in parallel at times of infectious symptoms in 2009–2010 from 45 children at the age of 24 months or younger are reported. The specimens were analyzed for enteric (human enterovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, astrovirus) and respiratory RNA viruses (human enterovirus and rhinovirus) common in early childhood, respectively, using highly validated virus‐specific real‐time PCR methods. According to the results 96% of the children had at least one virus infection during the study period and one or several viral agents were detected in 76% of sample sets. The most prevalent viral agents were human rhinovirus, enterovirus, parechovirus, and norovirus (genotype GII) with positive specimens 57.5%, 28.8%, 19.4%, and 6.9%, respectively. Other intestinal viruses were found in less than 2% of stool specimens. Single infections covered 40.0% of the specimens while multiple infections with two or more infectious agents were detected in 36.3% of specimens and altogether 11 combinations of viruses were included in the mixed infections. Although human enterovirus is known to be a frequent finding in stool specimens, especially during early childhood, it was found in this study more frequently in nasal swab specimens. Whether this is true, more general, in countries with the high hygiene level remains to be shown. J. Med. Virol. 85:1678–1684, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A high‐throughput screening assay to identify bacterial antagonists against Fusarium verticillioides
Authors: Figueroa‐López Alejandro Miguel , Cordero‐Ramírez Jesús Damián , Quiroz‐Figueroa Francisco Roberto , Maldonado‐Mendoza Ignacio Eduardo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA high‐throughput antagonistic assay was developed to screen for bacterial isolates capable of controlling the maize fungal phytopathogen Fusarium verticillioides. This assay combines a straightforward methodology, in which the fungus is challenged with bacterial isolates in liquid medium, with a novel approach that uses the plant lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) coupled to a fluorophore (Alexa‐Fluor® 488) under the commercial name of WGA, Alexa Fluor® 488 conjugate. The assay is performed in a 96‐well plate format, which reduces the required laboratory space and streamlines quantitation and automation of the process, making it fast and accurate. The basis of our assay is that fungal biomass can be assessed by WGA, Alexa Fluor® 488 conjugate staining, which recognizes the chitin in the fungal cell wall and thus permits the identification of potential antagonistic bacteria that inhibit fungal growth. This principle was validated by chitin‐competition binding assays against WGA, Alexa Fluor® 488 conjugate; confocal laser microscopy confirmed that the fluorescent WGA, Alexa Fluor® 488 conjugate binds to the chitin of the fungal cell wall. The majority of bacterial isolates did not bind to the WGA, Alexa Fluor® 488 conjugate. Furthermore, including washing steps significantly reduced any bacterial staining to background levels, even in the rare cases where bacterial isolates were capable of binding to WGA. Confirmatory conventional agar plate antagonistic assays were also conducted to validate our technique. We are now successfully employing this large‐scale antagonistic assay as a pre‐screening step for potential fungal antagonists in extensive bacteria collections (on the order of thousands of isolates).
Extreme summer temperatures in the East Mediterranean—dynamical analysis
Authors: Harpaz Tzvi , Ziv Baruch , Saaroni Hadas , Beja Eran 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis research analyses the scenarios that break the monotonic summer regime over the East Mediterranean (EM). The study compares the five upper, median and lower percentiles of the 850‐hPa temperature for July–August 1975–2005. The temperature differences were found to be confined to the lower 4 km. They are controlled by the intensity of the negative temperature advection, but not by the prevailing subsidence. Air trajectory analysis shows that the regional prevailing northwest winds are the strongest prior to cool events and the weakest, or nonexistent, prior to hot events. An index representing the location of the air source is proposed as an effective predictor for the temperature. The hot and the cool days were subdivided according to their evolution scenarios. All the cool days were associated with deepening of upper troughs over the EM. Different scenarios were found to generate hot days; ‘tropical’, associated with intrusion of tropical‐like air, ‘subtropical’, resulting from an expansion of the subtropical high from North Africa towards the EM, and ‘baroclinic’, associated with a pronounced upper‐level ridge, part of a Rossby wave over the Mediterranean Basin. The ‘tropical’ scenario was well identified through the mid‐level relative humidity. An alternative classification approach, the objective K‐Means clustering method, was applied to the air back‐trajectories reaching the EM. They isolated successfully only the ‘tropical’ type. Back‐tracking of temperature anomalies indicate two different evolutions for the hot days; one is associated with propagation from the west sector and other is quasi‐stationary, associated with intrusion of tropical air. The cool events are all propagating from northwest. This indicates that extreme summer events over the EM are mostly regulated by mid‐latitudes disturbances travelling eastward rather than by the Asian Monsoon.
Land cover changes and their biogeophysical effects on climate
Authors: Mahmood Rezaul , Pielke Roger A. , Hubbard Kenneth G. , Niyogi Dev , Dirmeyer Paul A. , McAlpine Clive , Carleton Andrew M. , Hale Robert , Gameda Samuel , Beltrán‐Przekurat Adriana , Baker Bruce , McNider Richard , Legates David R. , Shepherd Marshall , Du Jinyang , Blanken Peter D. , Frauenfeld Oliver W. , Nair U.S. , Fall Souleymane 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTLand cover changes (LCCs) play an important role in the climate system. Research over recent decades highlights the impacts of these changes on atmospheric temperature, humidity, cloud cover, circulation, and precipitation. These impacts range from the local‐ and regional‐scale to sub‐continental and global‐scale. It has been found that the impacts of regional‐scale LCC in one area may also be manifested in other parts of the world as a climatic teleconnection. In light of these findings, this article provides an overview and synthesis of some of the most notable types of LCC and their impacts on climate. These LCC types include agriculture, deforestation and afforestation, desertification, and urbanization. In addition, this article provides a discussion on challenges to, and future research directions in, assessing the climatic impacts of LCC.
Variability of circulation and Sahel rainfall in the twentieth century
Authors: Hastenrath Stefan , Polzin Dierk 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTVariations of rainfall in the West African Sahel and circulation in the tropical Atlantic sector in the course of 1901–2010 are documented in recent data sources. From rainfall index series published for 1901–1984 and 1941–2010, an index series of Sahel rainfall, SHL, was reconstructed for 1901–2010. Consistent with circulation diagnostics, SHL has strong positive correlation with latitude position of the intertropical wind confluence, LAT, and southerly wind component off the coast of West Africa, V, which came with steeper northward pressure and southward temperature gradients. Over the century, SHL experienced a drying trend, accompanying southward shift of LAT and weakening V, which came with weaker northward pressure and southward temperature gradients. The greater temperature rise in the South may be related to greater longwave‐induced warming in the region with less cloudiness. Over the twentieth century rains were most abundant in the 1950s, scarcest in the 1980s, and they have still not recovered in the first decade of the new century.
Working on High Performance in the Philippines: The Case of NEH
Authors: de Waal André A. , de Haas Jeroen I. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe Philippines is one of the world's leading exporters of bananas. The banana industry, however, is facing severe problems: crop diseases, increasing pressure to keep prices down while improving quality, and poor cooperation among industry partners. To effectively deal with industry‐wide threats, there is an urgent need to increase the quality of the performance of all the players in the banana value chain and transform them into high‐performance organizations (HPOs). At NEH, a banana exporter based in the Philippines, managers tackled that challenge by using the HPO Framework, an instrument for deciding what to do to improve organizational performance and make it sustainable. A thorough assessment of their operations led them to devise a multipronged strategy that improved production and quality after only four months. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Talent Funnel: How to Surface Key Human Resources
Authors: Toterhi Tim , Recardo Ronald J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDespite the efforts of well‐intentioned HR professionals, talent management remains a silo‐driven, disjointed endeavor that rarely meets the human capital needs of today's organizations. This failing, which calls into question the strategic value of HR, stems from both organization‐oriented shortcomings, such as poor strategy, lackluster processes, and immature management, as well as more contextual issues that speak to the heart of senior leader bias. For years, professional sales organizations have navigated a complex process that virtually mirrors strategic talent management. By incorporating a common business development tool called the sales funnel, talent leaders can learn to navigate their most valuable human resources through the employee life cycle while positively shifting the performance curve for all employees. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aligning Organizational Culture With Leader‐Member Exchange
Authors: Herrera Richard , Duncan Phyllis , Ree Malcolm 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAt an increasing rate, human resource managers are recognizing the need to understand how the dimensions of organizational culture affect the elements of the leader‐member exchange (LMX) model. A study of 300 working adults analyzed the relationship between the organizational cultural dimensions of individualism, collectivism, and gender egalitarianism and the four LMX dimensions of contribution, loyalty, affect, and professional respect. The results show that collectivism is a significant predictor of all four of the LMX dimensions, while gender egalitarianism is a significant predictor of only the LMX dimension of affect. Individualism was not found to be a predictor for any of the LMX dimensions. These findings are instrumental in helping HR managers capitalize on the strengths of collectivism as a driving factor as they design their policies and practices to achieve organizational objectives. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Traditional food and tourism: French tourist experience and food heritage in rural spaces
Authors: Bessiere Jacinthe , Tibere Laurence 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTourist interest in different food cultures is a factor for local development in the fields of agro‐food and crafts, whilst also contributing to the enhancement of food culture and heritage. As part of the tourist experience, eating local cuisine is a way of breaking with standardised, everyday routine by taking the tourist off into unknown culinary realms. This distancing from daily life is already possible in the home country through eating exotic food at home, or in so‐called ‘ethnic’ restaurants. It takes on another dimension when travelling. This paper therefore aims to examine the role of food and eating in the tourist experience. To be more precise, we shall first attempt to assess its importance in visitors' representations, notably as a motive for travel, or in the images deployed regarding eating and drinking during their stay, as they relate to perceptions of the place visited. As well as studying tourist food perceptions, we shall also examine tourist behaviour as regards food purchase and consumption, together with behaviour relating to food souvenirs. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Metabolite profiling and quantification of phytochemicals in potato extracts using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Chong Esther Swee Lan , McGhie Tony K , Heyes Julian A , Stowell Kathryn M 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDPotatoes contain a diverse range of phytochemicals which have been suggested to have health benefits. Metabolite profiling and quantification were conducted on plant extracts made from a white potato cultivar and ‘Urenika’, a purple potato cultivar traditionally consumed by New Zealand Maori. There is limited published information regarding the metabolite profile of Solanum tuberosum cultivar ‘Urenika’.RESULTSUsing ultra‐high‐ performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS), a total of 31 compounds were identified and quantified in the potato extracts. The majority of the compounds were identified for the first time in ‘Urenika’. These compounds include several types of anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) derivatives, and hydroxycinnamic amides (HCAA). Six classes of compounds, namely organic acids, amino acids, HCA, HCAA, flavonols and glycoalkaloids, were present in both extracts but quantities varied between the two extracts.CONCLUSIONSThe unknown plant metabolites in both potato extracts were assigned with molecular formulae and identified with high confidence. Quantification of the metabolites was achieved using a number of appropriate standards. High‐resolution mass spectrometry data critical for accurate identification of unknown phytochemicals were achieved and could be added to potato or plant metabolomic database. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry