bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The self-promoting playful pen in graphic and literary rhino-caricatures
Authors: Daemmrich Ingrid G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFrom ancient times to the present, artists' and authors' creative, critical, and diverting pens have caricatured the human nose. Their amusing games express the power of the artistic imagination to turn their subjects into game pieces by (1) poking fun at their sociopolitical status through exaggerating or diminishing the size and shape of their noses; (2) playing upon hilarious, multifaceted links between their noses, phalluses, and the mocking pen; and (3) building canonical play frames that expand the artists' and authors' ability to mock the sociopolitical competition for power and influence. Though these games at times transgress the boundaries of decorum, they also underscore graphic and verbal caricaturists' self-promotional creativity, as they address the many inequalities in actual and fictive worlds.
Disclosure humor and distortion humor: A reversal theory analysis
Authors: Apter Michael J. , Desselles Mitzi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIt is proposed that a distinction should be made between two fundamentally different kinds of humor. In disclosure humor, an identity (person, statement, etc.) is disclosed as having different characteristics/meanings from those originally supposed by the observer. In distortion humor, new characteristics are imaginatively added to the identity in a way that leads to absurdity. In both cases, incompatible attributes are experienced in relation to the identity concerned, this apparent escape from Aristotle's law of identity being made possible by one of the attributes being experienced as real and the other as an appearance. In both cases, humor is only experienced when the identity is diminished in the eyes of the observer. In the case of disclosure humor, the diminishment relates to the “real” attribute, while in the case of distortion humor it relates to the “apparent” attribute. This novel distinction is presented as an extension of the reversal theory of humor (Apter 1982), and is used to develop a taxonomy of humor that also involves the dichotomy of transitional and non-transitional humor, as well as three different levels of reference. Throughout, these concepts are illustrated with many kinds of humor, including jokes, parody, caricature, farce, riddles and slapstick.
Humorous similes
Authors: Veale Tony 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHumorous descriptions are often couched in the form of a simile, whose flexible frame allows an author to yoke a topic to a perspective that is at once both incongruously different yet appropriately similar. Humorous similes exhibit all the commonly accepted hallmarks of verbal humour, from linguistic ambiguity to expectation violation and appropriate incongruity. But so too do non-humorous poetic similes, which exhibit an equal tendency for the ingenious and the incongruous. What then separates humorous similes from the broader class of creative similes, and can their signature characteristics, if any, be expressed via the presence or absence of specific formal, structural or semantic features? To address these questions, we describe the construction of a very large database of creative similes, and present the results of an initial empirical analysis upon this data-set. Our results are two-fold: humorous similes exhibit many of the same structural and semantic features that are considered characteristic of poetic similes, though none appears either necessary or sufficient to make a simile not just creative, but humorously creative; nonetheless, similes that employ either irony or ridicule (or both) are often explicitly marked with a marker of semantic imprecision such as “about”. We go on to show that “about”-marked similes typically exhibit an identifiable affective signature that further telegraphs an author’s humorous intent to the intended audience of the simile.
No laughing matter? Young adults and the “spillover effect” of candidate-centered political humor
Authors: Baumgartner Jody 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIs there a spillover effect among young adults that results from viewing candidate-centered political comedy? A panel survey was conducted where one half of the subjects, all aged 18–24, viewed four short animated online video clips lambasting the candidates during the final months of the 2008 presidential campaign. Results suggest that a negative schema was primed among viewers as the result of viewing this candidate-centered political humor, which appears to have guided evaluations of other political objects as well. In particular, viewers of the clips evaluated public officials, government and the news media lower than did non-viewers. The research adds to our understanding of the effects of political humor, suggesting that the attitudinal effects of political humor extend well beyond its explicit target.
Joke telling, humor creation, and humor recall in children with and without hearing loss
Authors: Nwokah Evangeline E. , Burnette Sandra E. , Graves Kelly N. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractChildren with and without hearing loss were compared on their joke-telling and humor-related oral narrative skills. They were asked to tell a joke, create a funny story, and describe a funny movie they had seen. The ability to use humor in language creatively or in recall, the appropriate use of time reference in verbs, and the sequencing of story schema are advanced language skills for children. The conceptual and language skills of humor could be impacted if children do not hear some of the subtleties of language. Results revealed children with hearing loss used shorter and less complex utterances in jokes. They were significantly more likely to produce knock-knock jokes than other types such as riddles, and the knock-knock jokes were at a pre-joke stage. Children with hearing loss also produced funny stories that were less complex. They scored lower on story structure, total narrative ability, and Applebee's story schema. They were less likely to report bathroom humor as the funny part of a joke, story, or movie. This suggests that some aspects of the development of verbal humor may be impacted by hearing loss even among children mainstreamed in regular schools.
Humorous cartoons in college textbooks: Student perceptions and learning
Authors: Özdoğru Asil Ali , McMorris Robert F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe investigated effects of humorous cartoons on students' perceptions and learning of psychological concepts with sense of humor as a moderator. One hundred fifty-six college students studied six one-page concept presentations, three with and three without content-related cartoons. All students responded to the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale, multiple-choice test items on the given concepts, and survey items including demographic questions and Likert-scale items on their perceptions of the concept presentations. Students reported favorable attitudes for inserting cartoons in reading passages. However, there was no apparent effect of humorous cartoons on students' learning of the concepts. Methodological considerations are discussed in terms of their likely effects on the findings of the study and suggestions for further research are offered.
Development of a Humor Styles Questionnaire for children
Authors: Fox Claire L. , Dean Sarah , Lyford Kerri 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe adult Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) assumes that humor can be both adaptive (“self-enhancing” and “affiliative”) and maladaptive (“aggressive” and “self-defeating”). The aim of the research was to develop a reliable and valid scale to assess adaptive and maladaptive humor in children – an adaptation of the adult HSQ. Over two studies, 1187 UK school children aged 9–15 years completed the 24-item adapted child HSQ. In the second study the children completed the questionnaire on two occasions, one week apart, and also measures of psychosocial adjustment. For children aged 11 years and upwards there was a clear four factor structure to the questionnaire with all sub-scales showing acceptable levels of internal and test re-test reliability. As predicted, affiliative humor and self-defeating humor were associated with all four measures of psychosocial adjustment. Aggressive humor was associated with lower anxiety and higher self-perceived social competence for boys, and with lower global self-worth and higher depression for girls. Longitudinal research is needed to disentangle the causal pathways and examine further the links between children's humor styles and their social competence.
Unveiling the humor mind of the “starving Armenians”: Literary and internet humor
Authors: Kazarian Shahe S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe international fame of the “starving Armenians” has overshadowed this biblical nation's ardent love for humor and wit. The geography and distinctive language of the Armenians have also veiled the Armenian humor mind from international humor scholarship. In the present article, contemporary Armenian humor forms and expressions of Armenian humor in literary work (fable, satire and dark humor) and the internet are described. This illustration of Armenian humor forms and means of communication is informed by contemporary Western humor theory and research. The analysis of Armenian humor dispels the stereotype of the Armenian as poor and starving and reveals a rich culture full of varied forms of humor from ancient times to the internet age. A contemporary Armenian humor mind that is open to humor appreciation and expression is reflected in the designation and veneration of Gümri as the humor capital of Armenians, and the recognition of April 1 as a national day of humor and wit.
Humor in organization: From function to resistance
Authors: Westwood Robert I. , Johnston Allanah 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe paper discusses the current state of research and thinking about humor in organizations and the workplace. Perhaps constrained by rationalist assumptions and conceptions of work and organization as domains of the serious, humor in organizations has received relatively little attention in management and organization studies. Such relative neglect notwithstanding, there has been a steady stream of work over the last 50 years, increasing somewhat latterly. The paper reflects, firstly, on this neglect in the face of the pervasiveness and significance of humor in life and in organizations. Next it considers more orthodox, functionalist research on humor in organizations, noting that this is the dominant stream of work. Whilst of value, this work offers a limited and partial perspective: we therefore address alternative, non-functionalist approaches that have emerged latterly, some of which take us towards a more radical view of humor in the workplace as resistance and subversion. This work is a caution against adopting a narrow functionalist view of humor and its appropriation for a managerialist agenda. In this critical evaluation of the literature humor is shown to be heterogeneous, both in its forms and effects and there is a need of better theorization that acknowledges that and which properly contextualizes humor in relation to the specific dynamics and complexities of work and organizations.
Seven decades after Hans Asperger's observations: A comprehensive study of humor in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Samson Andrea C. , Huber Oswald , Ruch Willibald 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to better understand humor in individuals with Asperger's syndrome. Therefore, various humor and laughter related phenomena were investigated by means of various standardized humor instruments. Forty individuals with AS and 113 controls filled out several self-report questionnaires and tests. The results revealed that individuals with AS scored significantly lower on trait cheerfulness and higher on trait seriousness (both describing the susceptibility to humor). Furthermore, they scored low on scales related to social communication (affiliative humor, humor entertainment) and portrayed a more socially cold humor style. In addition, individuals with AS scored low on mean-spirited humor, and used less adaptive (self-enhancing) and more maladaptive humor styles (self-defeating humor). Finally, they preferred incongruity-resolution humor, representing a more reality-oriented processing style. These findings add to previous studies on humor and expand the knowledge of components associated with successful humor appreciation.
Part I: The challenge of functional preservation: an integrated systems approach using diffusion-weighted, image-guided, exoscopic-assisted, transulcal radial corridors
Authors: Kassam Amin B. , Labib Mohamed A. , Bafaquh Mohammed , Ghinda Diana , Mark Joseph , Houlden David , Fukui Melanie B. , Nguyen Thanh , Corsten Martin , Piron Cameron , Rovin Richard 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Surgical access to subcortical lesions in the sensorimotor area can lead to a high degree of cognitive and functional morbidity through injury to white matter fiber tracts. Inherent technological challenges limit resection of lesions in the sensorimotor area. A systematic and integrated approach to address these challenges termed the six-pillar approach has been developed. While individual elements of these pillars have been reported elsewhere, the authors hypothesize that the consistent adoption of standardized imaging, navigation, access, optics and resection technologies as a system identifies and protects eloquent tissue. In addition, this approach allows for the targeted harvest of viable cells to serve as the substrate for molecular regenerative therapy. An illustrative case with resection of a low-grade glioma in the sensorimotor region using the six-pillar approach is included to highlight the strengths of this approach.
Chaotic States Induced By Resetting Process In Izhikevich Neuron Model
Authors: Nobukawa Sou , Nishimura Haruhiko , Yamanishi Teruya , Liu Jian-Qin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Several hybrid neuron models, which combine continuous spike-generation mechanisms and discontinuous resetting process after spiking, have been proposed as a simple transition scheme for membrane potential between spike and hyperpolarization. As one of the hybrid spiking neuron models, Izhikevich neuron model can reproduce major spike patterns observed in the cerebral cortex only by tuning a few parameters and also exhibit chaotic states in specific conditions. However, there are a few studies concerning the chaotic states over a large range of parameters due to the difficulty of dealing with the state dependent jump on the resetting process in this model. In this study, we examine the dependence of the system behavior on the resetting parameters by using Lyapunov exponent with saltation matrix and Poincaré section methods, and classify the routes to chaos.
Efficacy of Fuzzy-Stat Modelling in Classification of Gynaecologists and Patients
Authors: Sardesai Anjali , Kharat Vilas , Sambarey Pradip , Deshpande Ashok 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFuzzy logic-based inference systems depend on the domain experts’ perceptions, which are intrinsically imprecise/vague/fuzzy. The perceptions of more than one expert are needed in the decision-making process. Therefore, there is a need to study the similarity between the experts using a mathematical framework. Classical mathematical models simulating the medical diagnostic process are usually either logical or probabilistic, wherein the concept of partial belief is not considered. Except in a few cases, binary logic is too unrealistic to apply to medical diagnosis. Another important factor in medical science is the patient-symptom relationship, which influences the disease diagnosis. In summary, the following two issues stand out: (i) Do experts agree with one another in arriving at the same diagnostic labels? (ii) Based on the symptom-patient relationship, can patients be classified? The authors have tried to explore the possibility of using fuzzy similarity measures and also Gower’s coefficient in classifying gynaecologists and patients. The comparative evaluation infers that the efficacy of two-valued binary logic-based Gower’s coefficient is low.
Spectrophotometric observations of thiacyanine dye J-aggregation on citrate capped silver nanoparticles
Authors: Laban Bojana B. , Vodnik Vesna , Vasić Vesna 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe J-aggregation of anionic cyanine dye, 5,5’ – disulfopropyl-3,3’ – dichloro - thiacyanine sodium salt (TC) in the presence of 2x10-3 M KCl and citrate capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, diameter ~10nm) was investigated. The influence of added salt (KCl), as well as AgNPs and TC concentration on the intensity of the absorption bands with the maxima at 464 and 481 nm, characteristic of the J-aggregation of the dye in solution and on AgNPs surface, respectively, was studied. The spectrophotometric and fluorescence spectra confirmed that AgNPs induced the decomposition of J-aggregates formed in solution on the account of their formation on NPs surface. The obtained results enabled the evaluation of number of TC molecules per AgNPs participating in J-aggregate formation. The experimental results yielded about 320 molecules of TC per AgNPs in at least three layers in a slanted orientation.
Compulsive sexual behavior: A review of the literature
Authors: Derbyshire Katherine L. , Grant Jon E. 
Published: May 2015

Background and aims
Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is a common disorder featuring repetitive, intrusive and distressing sexual thoughts, urges and behaviors that negatively affect many aspects of an individual’s life. This article reviews the clinical characteristics of CSB, cognitive aspects of the behaviors, and treatment options.

Methods
We reviewed the literature regarding the clinical aspects of CSB and treatment approaches.

Results
The literature review of the clinical aspects of CSB demonstrates that there is likely a substantial heterogeneity within the disorder. In addition, the treatment literature lacks sufficient evidence-based approaches to develop a clear treatment algorithm.

Conclusions
Although discussed in the psychological literature for years, CSB continues to defy easy categorization within mental health. Further research needs to be completed to understand where CSB falls within the psychiatric nosology.
Neurocognitive findings in compulsive sexual behavior: A preliminary study
Authors: Derbyshire Katherine L. , Grant Jon E. 
Published: May 2015

Background and aims
Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is a common behavior affecting 3–6% of the population, characterized by repetitive and intrusive sexual urges or behaviors that typically cause negative social and emotional consequences.

Methods
For this small pilot study on neurological data, we compared 13 individuals with CSB and gender- matched healthy controls on diagnostic assessments and computerized neurocognitive testing.

Results
No significant differences were found between the groups.

Conclusions
These data contradict a common hypothesis that CSB is cognitively different from those without psychiatric comorbidities as well as previous research on impulse control disorders and alcohol dependence. Further research is needed to better understand and classify CSB based on these findings.
Focal humero-ulnar impingement following subtotal coronoid ostectomy in six dogs with fragmented medial coronoid process
Authors: Bräuer S. , Böttcher P. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryTo report acute eburnation of joint cartilage at the humeral trochlea following subtotal coronoid ostectomy (SCO) in a clinical case series of six elbows.Six dogs (median BW 27.1 kg; median age 7.5 months) with fragmented medial coronoid process (FCP) and varying degree of radio-ulnar incongruence (RUI) (mean 2 mm) were treated with SCO using an arthroscopic burr. Second look arthroscopy 4–12 weeks later was performed either because of recurrent or persistent lameness in three dogs. In the others, second-look arthroscopy was scheduled prospectively because of RUI, which was thought to be a risk factor for the observed humero-ulnar impingement.All six elbows had a 1–2 mm wide line of focal full-thickness cartilage loss along the edge of the SCO, while the opposing trochlea had diffuse cartilage damage of Outerbridge grade III–IV, indicating focal humero-ulnar impingement. None of the elbows showed repeated FCP.In some cases SCO might lead to focal humero-ulnar impingement along the osteotomy line.Whether this relays to variations in respect the amount of resected bone (too much vs. too less) or concomitant joint pathologies like RUI or joint instability remains unknown and warrants further studies.
Carbonate Bedding Cycles in Cretaceous Pelagic and Hemipelagic
Sequences
Authors: Fischer Alfred G. , Herbert Timothy , Silva Isabella Premoli 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Many shales, marls and carbonates show a rhythmic oscillation in carbonate content, resulting in alternate carbonate-richer and carbonate-poorer beds (bedding couplets). Spacing of couplets may be even, irregular, or patterned (bundled), and bundles may be grouped into superbundles. Along with spacing, couplet sequences may also be modulated by changes in composition. These cycles record depositional response to cyclic, climatically induced changes in the rate of carbonate supply (productivity cycles), in rate of detrital supply (dilution cycles), and in carbonate removal (dissolution cycles). Systems vary in sensitivity, some recording every beat of the cycles, others only the strongest ones. The question of diagenetically introduced cycles remains in debate. Nearly a century ago Gilbert suggested that such oscillations in the Cretaceous of Colorado reflect climatic oscillations caused by the Earth’s orbital variations. Varve data suggest that these variations have influenced depositional systems for at least 250 ma, and that they have maintained much the same periods over that time span. Segments of a Cretaceous pelagic sequence in Italy show this hierarchy of cycles. Here the couplets reflect the precession, the bundles represent the short cycle of eccentricity, and the superbundles correspond to the long cycle of eccentricity. Couplets and bundles in the Niobrara Formation probably are of this origin. In other sequences couplets, generally unbundled, seem to represent the 41 Ka obliquity cycle. The Greenhorn cycles are of this type. Most long pelagic sequences are complex: some segments show the simple oscillations suggestive of the obliquity signal, others show the precession-eccentricity hierarchy, and yet others appear chaotic. There are indications that high latitudes such as northern Germany may yield long and relatively uncomplicated record of the obliquity cycle. Hope for sorting out complex sequences lies largely in instrumental scans of cores and in time-series analysis. The cycle geochronometry envisioned by Gilbert is not yet practicable but may come into reach. Cycle studies raise important questions for sedimentology and paleoceanography. For stratigraphy, they provide ultra-fine correlation within the cyclic facies. Furthermore, they imply that in some facies complexes the more limestone-rich parts of the shale facies are age equivalent to the more shaly segments of the limestone facies.