bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunnel passing maneuvers of prescribed formations
Authors: Sharma Bibhya , Vanualailai Jito , Singh Shonal 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYTunnel passing is a pattern formation of multiple robots, an outcome of formation control which is the general problem of controlling a large number of robots required to move as a group. Tunnel passing deals with the task of driving a team of robots from arbitrary initial positions through a tunnel of given geometry. This paper proposes a decentralized planner that guarantees collision‐free tunnel passing maneuvers of a team of nonholonomic car‐like robots fixed in a prescribed formation, while considering all the practical limitations and constraints due to nonholonomy, tunnel geometry, and the formation specifications. Although solutions in literature are restricted to tunnels with linear segments, this paper introduces piecewise tunnel walls with straight and curved segments. The motion planner, derived from the Lyapunov‐based control scheme works within an overarching leader‐follower framework to generate either split/rejoin or expansion/contraction of the formation, as feasible solutions. Results from simulating virtual scenarios demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear controllers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PI regulation for a class of bioreactors: stability and performance
Authors: Alvarez‐Ramirez Jose , Alvarez Jesus 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYStability and performance features of linear PI compensation for continuous bioreactors are studied in this paper. First, it is established that conventional PI control can be represented as the combination of an I/O inverse dynamics feedback with a modeling error dynamic estimator. Then, the analysis of the closed‐loop dynamics carried out with singular perturbation tools shows that PI control can recover the stability and performance induced by exact I/O inverse dynamics feedback controller. The theoretical results are illustrated via a typical numerical example. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative biomarkers of human skin photoaging based on intrinsic second harmonic generation signal
Authors: Zhuo Shuangmu , Zhu Xiaoqin , Chen Jianxin , Xie Shusen 
Published: November 2012

SummaryCollagen change is a major feature in the photoaged human skin. Here, we present the use of intrinsic second harmonic generation (SHG) signal as a novel means to quantify collagen change with photoaging. We obtain the SHG images of the superficial dermis from ex vivo the cheek skin and the abdomen skin of eight patients aged 55–60 years. The results show that SHG signal can quantitatively reveal collagen change between normal and photoaged human skin in three dimensions. By comparing normal with photoaged dermis, there are significant differences in the collagen content and fine structure, providing substantial potential to be applied in vivo for the clinical diagnosis of human skin photoaging. SCANNING 35: 273‐276, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secure event signature protocol for peer‐to‐peer massive multiplayer online games using bilinear pairing
Authors: Yuan Wei , Hu Liang , Li Hongtu , Chu Jianfeng 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTWith the development of the Internet, multiplayer online games are rapidly replacing the traditional single‐player games. The peer‐to‐peer architecture, which is suitable for massive multiplayer online games, is being considered as the replacement for traditional client–server architecture. Because the current solutions cannot prevent the cheating problems to gain unfair advantages in these games completely, we summarize the problems existing in some event signature protocols for peer‐to‐peer online games and propose a new secure event signature protocol. The security basis of the proposed protocol is the discrete logarithms and bilinear pairing. Our protocol provides higher security than some current protocols on secure event signature, although the efficiency of our protocol is lower than theirs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cumulative damage model of mid‐rise shear wall and its experimental verification
Authors: Zhang Pin‐le , Wen Pan , Zhong Tao 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe study concentrated on investigating the relationship of the continuous cumulative damage, macroscopic deformation development and failure process of mid‐rise shear walls. Nonlinear fiber element model considering the effect of cumulative damage is proposed for evaluating the seismic performance of shear wall. Numerical analyses of shear wall specimens are carried out according to the proposed model to obtain the evolution of damage index of the shear wall. Experiments of six L‐shaped shear wall specimens subjected to reversed cyclic loading are carried out to verify the proposed model. Correlation of damage index and performance level is established, which provides good reference for the safety assessment of the structure under seismic type of loading. The model is efficient to evaluate the seismic performance of shear wall proved by the satisfactory agreement between analytical and experimental results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective Hydrogenation of Soybean Oil on Copper Catalysts as a Tool Towards Improved Bioproducts
Authors: Trasarti A. F. , Segobia D. J. , Apesteguía C. R. , Santoro F. , Zaccheria F. , Ravasio N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe liquid‐phase soybean oil hydrogenation was studied on silica‐supported Cu and ternary Cu–Zn–Al catalysts. Cu/SiO2 samples were prepared by incipient‐wetness impregnation (Cu/SiO2‐Imp) and chemisorption‐hydrolysis (Cu/SiO2‐CH), while two Cu–Zn–Al mixed oxides containing 8 (Cu(8)–Zn–Al) and 15 % Cu (Cu(15)–Zn–Al), respectively, were prepared by coprecipitation. Copper dispersion (DCu) was 23 % on Cu/SiO2‐CH, and this sample showed a high activity for soybean oil hydrogenation; in contrast, Cu/SiO2‐Imp was inactive, probably because Cu was poorly dispersed (DCu = 2 %). The oil hydrogenation activity on Cu(15)–Zn–Al (DCu = 9 %) was lower than on Cu/SiO2‐CH, while Cu(8)–Zn–Al (DCu = 23 %) was inactive. Citral hydrogenation used as a test reaction showed that the intrinsic Cu0 activity was not significantly changed by the kind of support or the catalyst preparation method. These latter results suggested that the observed differences in soybean oil hydrogenation may be explained as changes in accessibility of the triglyceride molecules to Cu active sites. In ternary Cu–Zn–Al samples, access to catalytic sites was hampered by the narrower pore structure of the catalyst. Copper exhibited unique properties for obtaining proper lubricants from soybean oil hydrogenation because selectively hydrogenated unsaturated linolenic (C18:3) and linoleic (C18:2) fatty acids to unsaturated oleic acid (C18:1) without forming saturated stearic acid (C18:0).
Full Characterisation of Crambe abyssinica Hochst. Seed Oil
Authors: Lalas Stavros , Gortzi Olga , Athanasiadis Vasilios , Dourtoglou Eftalia , Dourtoglou Vassilis 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis work was dedicated to reporting the full chemical and physical characterisation of Crambe abyssinica Hochst. seed oil. The oil from the seeds was extracted using n‐hexane. The seeds contain about 30 % oil. Density, refractive index, colour, smoke point, viscosity, acidity, saponification value, iodine value, fatty acid methyl esters, the relative position of fatty acids in C1 and C3 carbon glycerol, sterols, tocopherols, peroxide value, at 232 nm, and the susceptibility to oxidation measured by the Rancimat method were determined. The oil was found to contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, especially C22:1 (63.77 %). The dominant saturated acid was C22:0 (2.14 %). The oil was also found to contain high levels of β‐sitosterol (51.93 %), campestanol (21.98 %), and brassicasterol (12.35 %). α‐, γ‐, and δ‐Tocopherols were detected up to levels of 7.67, 125.04, and 3.99 mg/kg, respectively. The induction period (at 110 °C and 20 l/h) of the oil was 8.83 h. The relative position of fatty acids in C1 and C3 position was as follows: linoleic 0.45 %, oleic 8.84 %, and erucic 90.72 %. The thermal profile of the oil presented a single peak at −20.94 °C.
Oil extraction from microalga Nannochloropsis sp. with isopropyl alcohol
Authors: Yao Linxing , Gerde Jose A. , Wang Tong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn efficient process for fractioning microalgae oil and non‐lipid biomass was developed. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) was used to extract oil from Nannochloropsis sp. at 80 °C, leaving the majority of non‐lipid biomass in the solid fraction. The effectiveness of extraction with or without a dewatering pretreatment (DW) was compared. Effects of dewatering time and solvent ratio, IPA concentration, IPA refluxing time, and sonication pretreatment on the oil and biomass yields were studied. The dewatering conditions with a high water‐to‐alcohol ratio (W/A = 2:1) and mild mixing (1 min gentle shaking) had 14 % less oil loss in the DW fraction than that with a low water‐to‐alcohol ratio (W/A = 1:1) and vigorous mixing (30 min and 300 rpm mixing). Sonication resulted in 14–26 % more oil loss in the DW fraction when compared to intact cell treatment. Without dewatering, 85 % of the total oil from intact cells was extracted by a single extraction using 70 % (wt) IPA aqueous solution. The 88 and 95 % IPA treatments extracted similar percentages of oil to that of the 70 % IPA, but used two‐ and fivefold more solvent. The amount of oil extracted from broken cells increased with increasing IPA concentrations. An effective extraction can be completed in 30 min. On a 100‐g (wet matter) scale, the 70 % IPA achieved 92 % oil yield and 93 % non‐lipid biomass yield.
Oil, Fatty Acid Profile and Karanjin Content in Developing Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Seeds
Authors: Pavithra H. R. , Gowda Balakrishna , Rajesh Kumar K. , Prasanna K. T. , Shivanna M. B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOil content, fatty acid composition and karanjin content were studied in developing pongamia seeds, at intervals of 3 weeks from 30 weeks after flowering up to 42 weeks. Three marked stages in seed development were observed at the early green pod stage, the middle half brown stage and the late dark brown stage. Significant variation in seed biomass, pod and seed characteristics were observed. A significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the moisture content of the seeds was observed during seed development. The oil content gradually increased from 32.06 to 36.53 % as the seed matured. A significant variation in fatty acid composition was detected across all stages of seed development. Palmitic acid (16:0) content marginally decreased from 11.81 to 10.18 %, while stearic acid (18:0) and linolenic acid (18:3) remained constant at all stages of seed maturity. A steady increase in oleic acid (18:1) content from 38.11 to 49.11 % was observed, while the linoleic acid (18:2) content decreased from 30.14 to 18.85 %. The iodine value increased, while the saponification number of oil decreased during seed development. The increase in karanjin content was steady. Seeds harvested after 42 week after flowering yielded the maximum oil with high oleic acid content which could be suitable for biodiesel production.
Amyloid imaging and cognitive decline in nondemented oldest‐old: The 90+ Study
Authors: Kawas Claudia H. , Greenia Dana E. , Bullain Szofia S. , Clark Christopher M. , Pontecorvo Michael J. , Joshi Abhinay D. , Corrada María M. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to examine cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between cognitive performance and beta amyloid (Aβ) load determined by florbetapir F18 positron emission tomography (PET) in nondemented oldest‐old.MethodsThirteen nondemented (normal or cognitively impaired nondemented) participants (median age, 94.2 years) from The 90+ Study underwent florbetapir‐PET scanning within 3 months of baseline neuropsychological testing. Amyloid load was measured with a semi‐automated quantitative analysis of average cortical‐to‐cerebellar standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) and a visual interpretation (Aβ– or Aβ+). Neuropsychological testing was repeated every 6 months.ResultsAt baseline, SUVr correlated significantly with tests of global cognition and memory. During follow‐up (median, 1.5 years), the Aβ+ group had steeper declines on most cognitive tests, particularly global cognitive measures.ConclusionThis preliminary study suggests that greater amyloid load is associated with poorer cognition and faster cognitive decline in nondemented oldest‐old. Amyloid load may identify individuals at increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
Dual inhibition of Janus and Src family kinases by novel indirubin derivative blocks constitutively‐activated Stat3 signaling associated with apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Nam Sangkil , Wen Wei , Schroeder Anne , Herrmann Andreas , Yu Hua , Cheng Xinlai , Merz Karl-Heinz , Eisenbrand Gerhard , Li Hongzhi , Yuan Yate-Ching , Jove Richard 
Published: November 2012

Constitutively‐activated JAK/Stat3 or Src/Stat3 signaling plays a crucial role in tumor cell survival, proliferation, angiogenesis and immune suppression. Activated JAK/Stat3 or Src/Stat3 has been validated as a promising molecular target for cancer therapy. However, prolonged inhibition of Src family kinases (SFKs) leads to reactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcript 3 (Stat3) and tumor cell survival through altered JAK/Stat3 interaction. This compensatory feedback suggests that dual inhibition of Janus kinases (JAKs) and SFKs might be a promising strategy for targeting downstream Stat3 signaling in the clinic. In this study, we identify that the natural product derivative E738 is a novel dual inhibitor of JAKs and SFKs. The IC50 values of E738 against recombinant JAKs and SFKs in vitro are in the ranges of 0.7–74.1 nM and 10.7–263.9 nM, respectively. We observed that phosphorylation of both Jak2 and Src was substantially inhibited in the submicromolar range by E738 in cultured human pancreatic tumor cells, followed by blockade of downstream Stat3 activation. E738 down‐regulated expression of the Stat3 target proteins Mcl‐1 and survivin, associated with induction of apoptosis. Computational models and molecular dynamics simulations of E738/Tyk2 or E738/Src in silico suggest that E738 inhibits both tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) and Src as an ATP‐competitive ligand. Moreover, the planar E738 molecule demonstrates a strong binding affinity in the compact ATP‐binding site of Tyk2. In sum, E738 is the first dual inhibitor of JAKs and SFKs, followed by inhibition of Stat3 signaling. Thus, according to in vitro experiments, E738 is a promising new therapeutic agent for human pancreatic cancer treatment by blocking both oncogenic pathways simultaneously.
Time–space relationships among structural and metamorphic aureoles related to granite emplacement: a case study from the Serre Massif (southern Italy)
Authors: FESTA VINCENZO , CAGGIANELLI ALFREDO , LANGONE ANTONIO , PROSSER GIACOMO 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTectonic and thermal perturbations, related to emplacement of granodiorite in the upper continental crust, have been investigated in the late-Hercynian basement exposed in southern Calabria (Italy). Here, the structural aureole is marked by the presence of a major rim fold adjacent to the intrusive contact for a length of at least 20 km. Geometrical analysis of the structural aureole and related foliations, lineations and crenulations reveals that the perturbed zone is at least 3000 m wide and characterized by an open synform trending nearly parallel to the intrusive contact. This pattern is compatible with a laccolith-like mode of magma emplacement, related to the accretion of the pluton that shouldered weak phyllitic and slaty wall rocks. The metamorphic aureole, about 1800 m wide, is characterized by biotite, cordierite and andalusite that appear sequentially in spotted schists and hornfelses approaching the intrusive contact. The peak assemblage equilibrated between 535 and 590°C at pressures between 175 and 200 MPa, confirmed by Al-in-hornblende barometry on granodiorite. Microstructural analysis allowed the inference of a time lag between the thermal and tectonic perturbations. With the aid of thermal modelling it was possible to quantify the time required to reach the peak temperature at a distance from the intrusive contact where cordierite spots and andalusite porphyroblasts clearly overprint crenulations. This estimate represents the time limit to accomplish deformation in the inner portion of the aureole and thus indicates a minimum strain rate of 4 × 10−14s−1within the country rocks during granodiorite intrusion.
Cooking up Fine Remedies: On the Culinary Aesthetic in a Sixteenth-Century Chinese Materia Medica
Authors: Lo Vivienne , Barrett Penelope 
Published: November 2012

Flesh of the QuailSweet, bland, non-poisonous.Not to be eaten before the month of May, eaten with pig's liver it will cause blackheads, with mushrooms one develops haemorrhoids.A visceral tonic and vitalizer. Makes the bones and muscles strong and able to endure cold and heat. It relieves inflammation. With ginger and red mung bean it cures diarrhoea and dysentery. Fried in cream it is fattening to the belly, but it is good for reducing the abdomen swollen on account of water retention. For the chronic disorders of children.
An eighteenth-century case history: Carlisle Spedding 1738
Authors: Beckett J. V. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCarlisle Spedding was principal colliery steward to the Lowther family from about 1730 until his death in 1755. He was responsible for their mining interests, centred on Whitehaven in West Cumberland. His work frequently took him underground, where he was exposed to the inflammable gases found in mines. Ventilation methods were still primitive, and as a result of his exposure Spedding was frequently ill. A case history of his indisposition in 1738 has survived. This was the work of the Leyden-trained chemist and physician, Dr. William Brownrigg, and it reveals some of the symptoms encountered and remedies proposed for one particularly severe bout of illness.
The Peckham Health Centre, “PEP”, and the concept of general practice during the 1930s and 1940s
Authors: Lewis Jane , Brookes Barbara 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper documents the proposals put forward by George Scott Williamson and Innes Pearse, founders of the Peckham Health Centre and members of the Political and Economic Planning (PEP) Health Group, to enhance the role and status of the general practitioner (GP). Their ideas are significant in terms of their understanding of the threat that specialism posed to general practice and of the problems of control and finance raised by reform. Their solution - the establishment of GP therapeutic centres or cells - is located in terms of their own ideas regarding health and medical practice and is compared with the other major proposal for group practice in health centres, which emanated from the Dawson Committee in 1920. Finally, the paper provides some suggestions as to the reason for their failure.
Sir Busick Harwood: A reappraisal
Authors: Williamson Raymond 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSir Busick Harwood was Professor of Anatomy in the University of Cambridge from 1785 to 1814 and simultaneously Downing Professor of Medicine from 1800 to 1814. Some historical accounts suggest that he was not highly regarded either as a scientist or a teacher, and this note attempts to restore his academic reputation and show how his achievements helped to initiate improvements in medical education at that time.
Expert Versus Proxy Rating of Verbal Communicative Ability of People with Aphasia after Stroke
Authors: de Jong-Hagelstein Marjolein , Kros Lieke , Lingsma Hester F. , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Koudstaal Peter J. , Visch-Brink Evy G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn randomized clinical trials of aphasia treatment, a functional outcome measure like the Amsterdam-Nijmegen Everyday Language Test (ANELT), administered by speech-language therapists, is often used. However, the agreement between this expert rating and the judgment of the proxy about the quality of the daily life communication of the person with aphasia is largely unknown. We examined the association between ANELT scores by speech-language therapists and proxy judgments on the Partner Communication Questionnaire both at 3 and 6 months in 39 people with aphasia after stroke. We also determined which factors affected the level of agreement between expert and proxy judgment of the communicative ability at 6 months in 53 people with aphasia. We found moderate agreement (at 3 months r = .662; p = < .0001 and at 6 months r = .565; p = .0001), with proxies rating slightly higher than experts. Less severe aphasia, measured with the Aphasia Severity Rating Scale, was associated with better agreement. In conclusion, although proxies were slightly more positive than experts, we found moderate agreement between expert and proxy rating of verbal communicative ability of people with aphasia after stroke, especially in milder cases. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1064–1070)
Neuropsychological Features of Asymptomatic c.709-1G>A Progranulin Mutation Carriers
Authors: Barandiaran Myriam , Estanga Ainara , Moreno Fermín , Indakoetxea Begoña , Alzualde Ainhoa , Balluerka Nekane , Martí Massó José Félix , de Munain Adolfo López 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMutations in the progranulin (PGRN) gene have been identified as a cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, little is known about the neuropsychological abilities of asymptomatic carriers of these mutations. The aim of the study was to assess cognitive functioning in asymptomatic c.709-1G>A PGRN mutation carriers. We hypothesized that poorer neuropsychological performance could be present before the development of clinically significant FTD symptoms. Thirty-two asymptomatic first-degree relatives of FTD patients carrying the c.709-1G>A mutation served as study participants, including 13 PGRN mutation carriers (A-PGRN+) and 19 non-carriers (PGRN-). A neuropsychological battery was administered. We found that the A-PGRN+ participants obtained significantly poorer scores than PGRN- individuals on tests of attention (Trail-Making Test Part A), mental flexibility (Trail-Making Test Part B), and language (Boston Naming Test). Poorer performance on these tests in asymptomatic PGRN mutation carriers may reflect a prodromal phase preceding the onset of clinically significant symptoms of FTD. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1086–1090)
Superior Memory and Higher Cortical Volumes in Unusually Successful Cognitive Aging
Authors: Harrison Theresa M. , Weintraub Sandra , Mesulam M.-Marsel , Rogalski Emily 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIt is “normal” for old age to be associated with gradual decline in memory and brain mass. However, there are anecdotal reports of individuals who seem immune to age-related memory impairment, but these individuals have not been studied systematically. This study sought to establish that such cognitive SuperAgers exist and to determine if they were also resistant to age-related loss of cortical brain volume. SuperAgers were defined as individuals over age 80 with episodic memory performance at least as good as normative values for 50- to 65-year-olds. Cortical morphometry of the SuperAgers was compared to two cognitively normal cohorts: age-matched elderly and 50- to 65-year-olds. The SuperAgers’ cerebral cortex was significantly thicker than their healthy age-matched peers and displayed no atrophy compared to the 50- to 65-year-old healthy group. Unexpectedly, a region of left anterior cingulate cortex was significantly thicker in the SuperAgers than in both elderly and middle-aged controls. Our findings identify cognitive and neuroanatomical features of a cohort that appears to resist average age-related changes of memory capacity and cortical volume. A better understanding of the underlying factors promoting this potential trajectory of unusually successful aging may provide insight for preventing age-related cognitive impairments or the more severe changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–5)