bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong magnon-magnon coupling in hexagonal magnetic elements
Authors: Ye Yuchen , Pan Lizi , Mi Shuai , Wang Jianing , Wei Jinwu , Wang Jianbo , Liu Qingfang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We achieve strong magnon-magnon coupling experimentally between edge and center modes in patterned hexagonal CoFeB films. The coupling strength is adjustable via the external magnetic field’s direction and the nanomagnet’s aspect ratio. Micromagnetic simulation indicates that the stable existence of the center mode determines the occurrence of coupling, which correlates with the direction of the edge demagnetization field. This work offers a novel perspective on the study of magnon-magnon coupling in a single material, which benefits magnon-based quantum information technology.
Surface defect detection of strip steel based on GT-CutMix augmentation algorithm and improved DSSD model
Authors: Lin Liyuan , Wen Aolin , Wang Ying , Zhao Shuxian , Zhang Shun , Yan Jingpeng , Zhou Yuan , Zhou Weibin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, defect detection technology based on deep learning continuously increases the surface quality requirements of hot-rolled strip steel. However, due to limitations in industrial production, defect datasets often suffer from insufficient training samples and imbalanced categories. This paper proposes effective solutions, namely the GT-CutMix offline data augmentation algorithm and lightweight small sample defect detection models. The GT-CutMix augmentation algorithm significantly improves defect utilization by accurately sampling defect locations and integrating them into the original data set. We design the S-deconvolutional single shot detector (DSSD) defect detection model by constructing a lightweight SI-MobileNet to replace the ResNet101 backbone of the DSSD network. This can reduce the resource parameters and consumption. At the same time, it can speed up training and inference. To further improve the detection accuracy, we integrate the pyramid split attention (PSA) mechanism into the prediction module of DSSD and construct the SA-DSSD model. Under the GT-CutMix augmentation algorithm, the mAP of S-DSSD and SA-DSSD models on X-SDD dataset are 76.83% and 78.63%, respectively. Meanwhile, the corresponding detection speeds are 45 FPS and 40 FPS, respectively. In addition, on the NEU-DET cross-dataset experiment, the mAP of the SA-DSSD model reaches 74.88%. Our methods are highly effective and generalized for small sample defect detection, which can provide selective solutions for specific needs such as high speed and precision in different industrial production scenarios.
The property of CrCoNiFeMnAl
x
(x=0, 0.5, and 1) high-entropy alloys on rapid cooling: insights from ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Wang Luyu , Liu Xinxin , Gao Zhibin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are currently the subject of extensive research. Despite this, the effects of rapid cooling on their performance have yet to be investigated. This study uses ab initio molecular dynamics to investigate the CrCoFeNiMnAl
x
(x =0, 0.5 and 1) HEAs under a rapid cooling process. It has been observed that the three HEAs all form metallic glass at 300 K under a constant cooling rate of 1.25 × 102 K ps−1, mainly composed of icosahedron and face-centered cubic clusters. Secondly, the glass transition temperatures (T
g) are predicted to be 1658 K for CrCoFeNiMn, 1667 K for CrCoFeNiMnAl0.5, and 1687 K for CrCoFeNiMnAl, respectively. It can be seen the T
g of HEAs increases with the content of Al increasing. Eventually, a relationship between structure and dynamics is established by using the five-fold local symmetry parameters and shear viscosity, which proves that structural evolution is the fundamental reason for dynamic deceleration. The present results contribute to understanding the evolution of the local structure of CrCoFeNiMnAl
x
and provide a new perspective for studying the structural mechanism of dynamic retardation in HEAs.
Construction of recombinant Omp25 or EipB protein loaded PLGA nanovaccines for Brucellosis protection
Authors: Akmayan Ilkgul , Oztav Sedanur , Coksu Irem , Abamor Emrah Sefik , Acar Serap , Ozbek Tulin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Safe and effective vaccine candidates are needed to address the limitations of existing vaccines against Brucellosis, a disease responsible for substantial economic losses in livestock. The present study aimed to encapsulate recombinant Omp25 and EipB proteins, knowledged antigen properties, into PLGA nanoparticles, characterize synthesized nanoparticles with different methods, and assessed their in vitro/in vivo immunostimulatory activities to develop new vaccine candidates. The recombinant Omp25 and EipB proteins produced with recombinant DNA technology were encapsulated into PLGA nanoparticles by double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The nanoparticles were characterized using FE-SEM, Zeta-sizer, and FT-IR instruments to determine size, morphology, zeta potentials, and polydispersity index values, as well as to analyze functional groups chemically. Additionally, the release profiles and encapsulation efficiencies were assessed using UV–Vis spectroscopy. After loading with recombinant proteins, O-NPs reached sizes of 221.2 ± 5.21 nm, while E-NPs reached sizes of 274.4 ± 9.51 nm. The cumulative release rates of the antigens, monitored until the end of day 14, were determined to be 90.39% for O-NPs and 56.1% for E-NPs. Following the assessment of the in vitro cytotoxicity and immunostimulatory effects of both proteins and nanoparticles on the J774 murine macrophage cells, in vivo immunization experiments were conducted using concentrations of 16 µg ml−1 for each protein. Both free antigens and antigen-containing nanoparticles excessively induced humoral immunity by increasing produced Brucella-specific IgG antibody levels for 3 times in contrast to control. Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that vaccine candidates stimulated Th1-mediated cellular immunity as well since they significantly raised IFN-gamma and IL-12 cytokine levels in murine splenocytes rather than IL-4 following to immunization. Additionally, the vaccine candidates conferred higher than 90% protection from the infection according to challenge results. Our findings reveal that PLGA nanoparticles constructed with the encapsulation of recombinant Omp25 or EipB proteins possess great potential to trigger Brucella-specific humoral and cellular immune response.
Optimizing information-driven awareness allocation for controlling activity-triggered epidemic spread
Authors: Chen Jie , Hu Maobin , Cao Jinde 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the contemporary era, the advent of epidemics instigates a substantial upswing in relevant information dissemination, bolstering individuals’ resistance to infection by concurrently reducing activity contacts and reinforcing personal protective measures. To elucidate this intricate dynamics, we introduce a composite four-layer network model designed to capture the interplay among information-driven awareness, human activity, and epidemic spread, with a focus on the allocation of individuals’ limited attention in diminishing activity frequency and self-infection rates. One intriguing observation from our findings is an anomalous, concave non-monotonic relationship between awareness trade-off and epidemic spread, with a more pronounced prevalence at an intermediate least awareness efficacy. This underscores the inadvisability of relaxing self-protection through reduced activity frequency or compensating for increased activity frequency by enhancing self-protection. Especially noteworthy is the significance of enhancing self-protection in response to heightened information dissemination and inherent activity demands to curtail infection risk. However, in scenarios with increasing ancillary activity frequency, the emphasis should exclusively shift towards reducing activity exposure. The model establishes a theoretical threshold for accurately predicting awareness efficacy in epidemic outbreaks. Optimal awareness allocation consistently resides at the extremes—either completely avoiding unnecessary activity contact or adopting full self-protection. This guidance, contingent on information level and activity demand, offers valuable insights into the delicate balance between individual behaviors and epidemic prevention.
A symmetric heterogate dopingless electron-hole bilayer TFET with ferroelectric and barrier layers
Authors: Liu Hu , Zhou Xiaoyu , Li Peifeng , Wang Pengyu , Li Yubin , Pan Lei , Zhang Wenting 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a symmetric heterogate dopingless electron–hole bilayer tunnel field-effect transistor with a ferroelectric layer and a dielectric barrier layer (FBHD-EHBTFET) is proposed. FBHD-EHBTFET can not only avoid random doping fluctuation and high thermal budget caused by doping, but also solve the issue that conventional EHBTFETs are unable to use the self-alignment process during device manufacturing. The simultaneous introduction of the symmetric heterogate and dielectric barrier layer can significantly suppress off-state current (I
off). Ferroelectric material embedded in the gate dielectric layer can enhance electron tunneling, contributing to improving on-state current (I
on) and steepening average subthreshold swing (SS
avg). By optimizing various parameters related to the gate, ferroelectric layer, and dielectric barrier layer, FBHD-EHBTFET can obtain the I
off of 1.11 × 10–18 A μm−1, SS
avg of 12.5 mV/dec, and I
on of 2.59 × 10–5 A μm−1. Compared with other symmetric dopingless EHBTFETs, FBHD-EHBTFET can maintain high I
on while reducing its I
off by up to thirteen orders of magnitude and SS
avg by at least 51.2%. Moreover, investigation demonstrates that both interface fixed charge and interface trap can increase I
off, degrading the off-state performance of device. The study on FBHD-EHBTFET-based dynamic random access memory shows that it has the high read-to-current ratio of 1.1 × 106, high sense margin of 0.42 μA μm−1, and long retention time greater than 100 ms, demonstrating that it has great potential in low-power applications.
Calculation electrical conductivity a two-dimensional electron gas of AlGaN/GaN-based transistors with high electron mobility
Authors: Kuznetsova I A , Romanov D N , Savenko O V 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
An analytical expression of the integral electrical conductivity of a semiconductor nanolayer, the charge carriers of which are located in a triangular quantum well, is obtained. The isoenergetic surface of the semiconductor material has the shape of a triaxial ellipsoid. The charge carrier behavior is described by the quantum Liouville equation. The dependence of electrical conductivity on dimensionless parameters is analyzed: the transverse electric field strength, the longitudinal electric field frequency, the charge carrier effective masses and the heterointerface specular coefficient. It is established that the conductivity of a triangular well compared to a rectangular well is more dependent on the effective mass, which to allow to select a material with the best high-frequency properties.
Theoretical study the photophysical mechanism of fluorescent probe on detecting mitochondria-targeted hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Yuan Haojie , Ding Lina , Liu Yang , Yang Yonggang , Liu Yufang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The photophysical mechanism and dynamics behaviors of (E)-4-(2-(7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)vinyl)-1-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl)pyridin-1-ium (Compound 1) on detecting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been theoretically studied. The boron ester in Compound 1 is cleaved when H2O2 is added to the solution, resulting in the formation of (E)-7-(diethylamino)-3-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (Compound 2). Theoretical calculations show that the fluorescence spectra of the compounds exhibit a significant blue shift from 616 nm of Compound 1 to 542 nm of Compound 2 before and after the reaction, which are in good agreement with the experimental results (640 nm → 535 nm). The calculated electron–hole transfer distance of Compound 1 (5.986 Å) is larger than that of Compound 2 (3.544 Å), and Compound 1 is demonstrated to be charge transfer excitation while the Compound 2 is localized excitation, which results in a blue shift of the fluorescence spectra. The analysis of molecular electrostatic potential demonstrates that compound 1 has the highest electrostatic potential (4.60 eV) at the pyridine position and the lowest (−0.30 eV) at the oxygen atom of the coumarin moiety, suggesting that compound 1 undergoes fragmentation at this position. This study provides a theoretical explanation for the reaction mechanism of molecular probes.
Hydrothermally synthesized Nb -doped TiO2 nanosheets for efficient removal of methylene blue dye on photocatalytic performance
Authors: Alhashmialameer Dalal , Shariq Mohammad , Althikrallah Hanan A , Al-Amari MM , BaQais Amal , Alayyafi AbdulAziz A , Mergani Ebtihal A , Elghazali Ezdehar A , Elghazali Afaf I , Kumar Bhupender , Assran Awatef S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this work, Niobium-doped (1%, 3%, and 5%) titanium dioxide (Nb-TiO2) nanosheets were successfully formed via the hydrothermal route and further characterized using TEM, XRD, XPS and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy techniques. Phase purity and structural information of the prepared materials were analysed by XRD measurements. The band gap values ranged from 3.27 to 2.98 eV as Nb doping increased, leading to improved photocatalytic activity by creating new energy levels close to the conduction band. The XPS results confirm the amalgamation of Nb5+ ions into TiO2 without affecting the crystallinity, structure or orientation of the occurrence of oxygen vacancies. In 3% Nb-doped TiO2, the degradation efficiency for removing (Methylene blue) MB dye increased by ∼96% for the removal of MB dye within 70 min in comparison to pure and other doped TiO2 catalysts The better photocatalytic activity of 3% Nb-TiO2 is due to the longer time between electron–hole pairs before they recombine into one pair. Hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and superoxide radicals (O2
•−) are the primary reactive entities responsible for the deterioration of MB dye. Therefore, incorporating Nb into TiO2 nanostructures represents an auspicious material for the decomposition of hazardous and toxic pollutants in aquatic environments.
Enhanced electrical parameters of the Au/n-Si Schottky barrier diodes with graphite/graphane oxide doped PVC interlayer
Authors: Taşçıoğlu İ , Badali Y , Altındal Yerişkin S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this work, Schottky Barrier diodes (SBDs) formed on n-Si substrates were created using polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) and graphite/graphene-oxide (Gt/GO) nanoparticles (NPs) doped PVC interlayers and the conduction mechanisms of the structures were compared to the reference Au/n-Si (MS) diode. The characterization methods, including x-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), and Energy Dispersive x-Ray (EDX), were used to analyze Gt/GO NPs and examine their structural, morphological, and analytical properties. In addition to the standard I-V method, modified Norde and Cheung methods were applied to analyze the forward bias I-V characteristics to determine the impact of pure-PVC and (PVC: Gt-GO) interlayers’ main electronic parameters on the SBDs. The surface state density (N

ss
) depending on energy was also determined from the forward bias current–voltage by considering the voltage-dependent ideality coefficient, n(V), and barrier height (BH), ΦB(V). The outcomes showed that, as compared to MS structures, both the pure-PVC and (PVC: Gt-GO) interlayer leads to a decrease of n, leakage-current, N

ss
, an increase of rectification ratio (RR), shunt-resistance (R

sh
) and zero-bias barrier-height (Φ
B0
). The differences in the electronic parameters observed between the I-V, Norde, and Cheung functions indicate that these parameters are highly reliant on the voltage and the computation method utilized. The barrier inhomogeneities at the metal/semiconductor surface also affect the current-transport or conduction mechanisms.
Thermal curvature perturbations in thermal inflation
Authors: Bastero-Gil Mar , M. Gomes Joaquim , G. Rosa João 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We compute the power spectrum of super-horizon curvature perturbations generated during a late period of thermal inflation, taking into account fluctuation-dissipation effects resulting from the scalar flaton field's interactions with the ambient radiation bath. We find that, at the onset of thermal inflation, the flaton field may reach an equilibrium with the radiation bath even for relatively small coupling constants, maintaining a spectrum of thermal fluctuations until the critical temperature T
c, below which thermal effects stop holding the field at the false potential minimum. This enhances the field variance compared to purely quantum fluctuations, therefore increasing the average energy density during thermal inflation and damping the induced curvature perturbations. In particular, we find that this inhibits the later formation of primordial black holes, at least on scales that leave the horizon for T > T
c. The larger thermal field variance also reduces the duration of a period of fast-roll inflation below T
c, as the field rolls to the true potential minimum, which should also affect the generation of (large) curvature perturbations on even smaller scales.
Regulating the concentration of silica sol to prepare high thermal insulation ceramic nanofiber aerogel composites
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Zhang Hao , He Lijuan , Li Wenjing , Liu Yitao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ceramic aerogels can maintain excellent thermal insulation performance under extreme conditions due to their outstanding pore structure and specific surface area. However, the current application of ceramic aerogels is limited by their brittleness, easy collapse of the structure under external forces, and insufficient mechanical properties. In this study, ceramic nanofiber aerogels prepared by PEO as a polymer were used as building blocks, and silica sol was selected as a high-temperature binder. Through the sol impregnation-atmospheric pressure drying method and calcination treatment, we obtained ceramic nanofiber composites with excellent performance. It is found that when the impregnation concentration is 0.4wt%, the thermal conductivity at room temperature is as low as 27 m W·m-1·K-1, the cold surface temperature at 800°C is as low as 255°C, the tensile strength at 20% tensile strain is as high as 400 kPa, and the compressive strength at 80% compressive strain is as high as 32 kPa. Compared with the traditional ceramic fiber aerogel material, the material exhibits excellent high-temperature insulation performance and mechanical properties, which greatly broadens the application scene of ceramic aerogel.
Research on the load-shedding strategy of isolated power grids for regional power grids including wind-hydro power under low-frequency and low-voltage conditions
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Mingjin , Zhu Dena , Xiao Ni 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
After more and more wind farms and hydropower plants are connected to the regional power grid, the wind farms and their low-voltage ride-through capabilities of the power grid become increasingly complex. In order to ensure the stable operation of the isolated power grids with wind-hydro power, it is necessary to implement appropriate load-shedding strategies under low-frequency and low-voltage conditions. In this article, we focus on the study of strategies for the operation of district power grids, including wind hydro power, under isolated operation conditions. By combining theoretical analysis with practical considerations, load-shedding strategies are proposed for district power grids under low-frequency and low-voltage. To demonstrate its effectiveness, a simulation model that includes one wind farm and five hydropower plants was conducted to achieve positive results.
Research on safety design of transport packaging for lithium battery products
Authors: Chen Yonghui , Wang Min 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In view of the characteristics of dangerous goods exported by lithium batteries, the safety norms of lithium battery transport packaging stipulated by international technical regulations are sorted out, and the performance requirements of dangerous goods packaging for export lithium batteries are studied. Based on the overall safety design and protection of this kind of dangerous goods packaging, the design scheme of lithium battery tray protection and carton packaging is proposed. A drop simulation test is carried out to analyze and evaluate the design scheme.
Ion beam stability prediction of ECR ion source based on TCN-DTW network
Authors: Wang R. , Qian C. , Sun L.T. , Guo Y.H. , Cao Z.G. , Hou M.Y. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source is an irreplaceable apparatus for producing high-intensity, highly charged heavy ion beams, representing a critical component for heavy ion accelerators. The operation of the ECR ion source is inherently influenced by various factors, leading to fluctuations in beam intensity. Such instability not only diminishes the efficacy of accelerator operations but also introduces distortions in terminal experimental data. Addressing these challenges, this study proposes the application of a Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) based on a Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) loss function (TCN-DTW) for predicting the stability of the ion beams. Prior to constructing the prediction network, raw data undergoes preprocessing through an Interquartile Range (IQR) anomaly detection mechanism and the Savitzky-Golay (SG) filtering algorithm with an adaptive window. Experimental results demonstrate a substantial enhancement in prediction performance when employing the TCN network with the DTW loss function compared to traditional alternatives. This approach facilitates effective forecasting of the ion source beam current trend, offering a basis for the control and correction of long-term stability. Consequently, it provides valuable insights for optimizing the ECR ion source and enhancing overall accelerator operational performance.