bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term changes in forest carbon under temperature and nitrogen amendments in a temperate northern hardwood forest
Authors: Savage Kathleen E. , Parton William J. , Davidson Eric A. , Trumbore Susan E. , Frey Serita D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCurrently, forests in the northeastern United States are net sinks of atmospheric carbon. Under future climate change scenarios, the combined effects of climate change and nitrogen deposition on soil decomposition, aboveground processes, and the forest carbon balance remain unclear. We applied carbon stock, flux, and isotope data from field studies at the Harvard forest, Massachusetts, to the ForCent model, which integrates above‐ and belowground processes. The model was able to represent decadal‐scale measurements in soil C stocks, mean residence times, fluxes, and responses to a warming and N addition experiment. The calibrated model then simulated the longer term impacts of warming and N deposition on the distribution of forest carbon stocks. For simulation to 2030, soil warming resulted in a loss of soil organic matter (SOM), decreased allocation to belowground biomass, and gain of aboveground carbon, primarily in large wood, with an overall small gain in total system carbon. Simulated nitrogen addition resulted in a small increase in belowground carbon pools, but a large increase in aboveground large wood pools, resulting in a substantial increase in total system carbon. Combined warming and nitrogen addition simulations showed a net gain in total system carbon, predominately in the aboveground carbon pools, but offset somewhat by losses in SOM. Hence, the impact of continuation of anthropogenic N deposition on the hardwood forests of the northeastern United States may exceed the impact of warming in terms of total ecosystem carbon stocks. However, it should be cautioned that these simulations do not include some climate‐related processes, different responses from changing tree species composition. Despite uncertainties, this effort is among the first to use decadal‐scale observations of soil carbon dynamics and results of multifactor manipulations to calibrate a model that can project integrated aboveground and belowground responses to nitrogen and climate changes for subsequent decades.
Non‐capable residents: Is the experience of dependence understood in nursing homes? A qualitative study
Authors: Palacios‐Ceña Domingo , Gómez‐Calero Cristina , Cachón‐Pérez José Miguel , Brea‐Rivero Miguel , Gómez‐Pérez Daniel , Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César 
Published: April 2013

Objective The aim of the present study was to describe how dependence was experienced by Spanish nursing home residents with functional limitations.Methods A qualitative phenomenological approach was followed. An initial purposeful sampling of Spanish residents in for‐profit nursing homes in the southern area of Madrid was carried out. Theoretical sampling was also implemented in order to gain a more in‐depth understanding of dependence. The inclusion criteria for nursing home residents were: aged 60 years old or older, having a functional impairment (Barthel Index <90), and lack of any cognitive impairment (Mini‐Mental State Examination‐Folstein >19) and able to communicate verbally in Spanish. Data were collected using unstructured and semi‐structured interviews. The interviews were tape recorded and fully transcribed. Data collection was concluded once theoretical saturation was reached, and the data were analyzed using the Giorgi proposal.Results A total of 30 residents (15 female and 15 male) with a mean age of 83 years were included. Two main themes that describe the significance of dependence in nursing homes emerged from the data: (i) remaining “capable”, with one subtheme named “building the difference”, where residents described their own dependence classification of “non‐capable” residents; and (ii) “sharing life”, with two subthemes named “living together with non‐capable residents” and “sharing the environment”. Being considered as “non‐capable” is labelling the resident forever.Conclusions The dependence experience of Spanish nursing home residents might help us gain a deeper insight into their expectations about functional limitations, as well as to understand the change in the relationship between residents considered “non‐capable”, caregivers and the other residents. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 212–219.
Preparation, Dielectric, and Magnetic Characteristics of LuFe2O4 Ceramics
Authors: Qin Ying , Liu Xiao Qiang , Wu Yong Jun , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: April 2013

Preparation of LuFe2O4 ceramics under vacuum environment was investigated together with the structural, dielectric, and magnetic characterization. Single‐phase LuFe2O4 could be obtained by the present process and the crystal structure was identified to be rhombohedral in space group . An obvious dielectric relaxation with activation energy of 0.29 eV was observed between 175 and 275 K. The Néel temperature of the present ceramics was ~250 K, and a reentrant spin glass transition was indicated at ~216 K. Two anomalies were observed in the DSC curve, which were relative with the ferrimagnetic transition and 2D–3D charge ordering transition of LuFe2O4. Meanwhile, a remarkable decrease appeared in the dielectric constant of the as‐magnetized LuFe2O4 sample, implying the magnetodielectric effect in the present ceramics.
Can God or the Market Set People Free?
Authors: Blosser Joe 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBoth Protestant theologians and “preference” economists believe that freedom is necessary for moral action, but such theologians and economists have seemingly irreconcilable accounts of freedom and, thus also, morality. Instead of learning from each other, they typically ignore each other or claim that one field reigns supreme over the other. This essay digs into the theological and economic traditions of each side to find points of similarity between them. It engages Adam Smith and Ernst Troeltsch to develop a view of “ethical freedom” that pulls together the “libertarian freedom” emphasized by preference economics and the “egalitarian freedom” emphasized in much Protestant theology. The three‐part view of freedom draws the disciplines together and opens possibilities for a more robust theory of moral action.
Prevalence, outcome and risk factors for postoperative pyothorax in 232 dogs undergoing thoracic surgery
Authors: Meakin L. B. , Salonen L. K. , Baines S. J. , Brockman D. J. , Gregory S. P. , Halfacree Z. J. , Lipscomb V. J. , Lee K. C. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence, outcome and risk factors for postoperative pyothorax in dogs undergoing thoracic surgery.MethodsCase records were reviewed retrospectively to identify dogs with post thoracic surgery pyothorax, defined as septic neutrophilic inflammation within the pleural space based on cytology and/or a positive bacterial culture of pleural fluid. Those identified were reviewed for potential risk factors for postoperative pyothorax based on biological plausibility and previously published data. These potential risk factors were explored by multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOf 232 dogs undergoing thoracic surgery, 15 (6·5%) dogs developed pyothorax. Bacteria cultured included methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureusand multi‐resistantEscherichia coli. Of these dogs, six died, four were euthanased and five were treated successfully. A diagnosis of idiopathic chylothorax [Odds Ratio (OR)=12·5, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=2·7‐58·5, P=0·001], preoperative intrathoracic biopsy (OR=14·3, 95%CI=1·7‐118·7, P=0·014) and preoperative thoracocentesis (OR=11·2, 95%CI=1·6‐78·2, P=0·015) were identified as independent risk factors for development of postoperative pyothorax.Clinical SignificanceIdiopathic chylothorax, intrathoracic biopsy and prior thoracocentesis are independent risk factors for postoperative pyothorax, which was associated with a 67% mortality rate.
An anti‐c‐Fms antibody inhibits osteoclastogenesis in a mouse periodontitis model
Authors: Kimura K , Kitaura H , Fujii T , Ishida M , Hakami ZW , Takano‐Yamamoto T 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveBacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce inflammatory bone loss such as periodontal disease. The formation of osteoclasts depends on macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kb ligand (RANKL). It has recently been reported that administration of an antibody of the M‐CSF receptor c‐Fms completely blocked osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion induced by LPS in mouse calvaria. In this study, the effect of antibody against c‐Fms in the mouse periodontitis model by injection of LPS was investigated.Materials and MethodsC57BL6/J mice were injected with LPS and anti‐c‐Fms antibody into the mesial gingiva of the first molar in the left mandible. Histological sections of periodontal tissue were stained for tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase, and osteoclast numbers and ratio of alveolar bone resorption determined.ResultsThe number of osteoclasts and ratio of alveolar bone resorption in mice administered both LPS and anti‐c‐Fms antibody was lower than those in mice administered LPS alone. The expression of RANKL receptor, RANK, was inhibited by the anti‐c‐Fms antibody in periodontal tissue.ConclusionM‐CSF and/or its receptor are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of bone resorption, caused by LPS, in periodontitis. Injection of an anti‐c‐Fms antibody might be useful for inhibition of pathological bone resorption in periodontitis.
Culturally sensitive and universal measure of resilience for Japanese populations: Tachikawa Resilience Scale in comparison with Resilience Scale 14‐item version
Authors: Nishi Daisuke , Uehara Ritei , Yoshikawa Eisho , Sato Goro , Ito Masaya , Matsuoka Yutaka 
Published: April 2013

AimAlthough scales specific to resilience are available and widely used, qualities of resilience could be culturally sensitive. This study aimed to develop a concise scale of resilience for Japanese populations, and compare its validity to that of the Resilience Scale 14‐item version (RS‐14), one of the most widely used scales for measuring resilience.MethodsThe Tachikawa Resilience Scale (TRS) was developed on the basis of data obtained from unstructured interviews with Japanese motor vehicle accident survivors without psychiatric disorder. The reliability and validity of the TRS and RS‐14 were then examined in cross‐sectional studies performed with 523 company workers and 140 psychiatric outpatients.ResultsThe TRS and RS‐14 were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms in company workers and psychiatric outpatients and with anxiety in psychiatric outpatients, and were positively correlated with social support in company workers. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the TRS were high. Construct validity of the TRS was equivalent to that of the RS‐14 in company workers, and higher than that of the RS‐14 in psychiatric outpatients.ConclusionThe reliability and validity of the TRS and RS‐14 in Japanese company workers and patients with psychiatric disorders were acceptable. The validity of the TRS was equivalent to or better than that of the RS‐14. Although the TRS cannot be regarded as an established scale due to a lack of theoretical rationale, the results of this study suggest that scales measuring resilience that cover cultural aspects might be more relevant in given populations.
Comparison of the utility of everyday memory test and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive part for evaluation of mild cognitive impairment and very mild Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Adachi Hiroyoshi , Shinagawa Shunichiro , Komori Kenjiro , Toyota Yasutaka , Mori Takaaki , Matsumoto Teruhisa , Sonobe Naomi , Kashibayashi Tetsuo , Ishikawa Tomohisa , Fukuhara Ryuji , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: April 2013

AimThe purpose of this study was to compare the utility of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive part (ADAS‐Cog) for the evaluation of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or very mild Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsThe discriminative abilities of RBMT and ADAS‐Cog were compared in the very early stage of AD or MCI patients. Furthermore, we evaluated the difference in both RBMT score and ADAS‐Cog score between different severities.ResultsEvident superiority in the false negative rate was observed in RBMT over ADAS‐Cog in MCI or very mild AD. In addition, 86.7% of the subjects overlooked by ADAS‐Cog were correctly detected by RBMT profile score. However, the RBMT score falls in the very early stages and the range of the RBMT score is rather narrow. As a result, it is difficult to evaluate status and follow the progression in severer cases. In contrast to RBMT, the ADAS‐Cog score has a wide range and can evaluate and follow the severity in more severe cases.ConclusionRBMT is more useful than ADAS‐Cog in evaluating patients with MCI or very mild AD.
Temporal variation of competition and facilitation in mixed species forests inCentralEurope
Authors: del Río M. , Schütze G. , Pretzsch H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFacilitation, reduced competition or increased competition can arise in mixed stands and become essential to the performance of these stands when compared to pure stands. Facilitation and over‐yielding are widely held to prevail on poor sites, whereas neutral interactions or competition, leading to under‐yielding of mixedversuspure stands, can occur on fertile sites. While previous studies have focused on the spatial variation of mixing effects, we examine the temporal variation of facilitation and competition and its effect on growth. The study is based on tree ring measurement on cores from increment borings from 559 trees ofNorway spruce (Picea abies[L.]Karst.),European beech (Fagus sylvatica[L.]) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea(Matt.)Liebl.) in southernGermany, half of which were in pure stands and half in adjacent mixed stands. Mean basal area growth indices were calculated from tree ring measurements for pure and mixed stands for every species and site. The temporal variation, with positive correlations between species‐specific growth indices during periods of low growth and neutral or negative correlations during periods of high growth, is more distinct in mixed than in neighbouring pure stands. We provide evidence that years with low growth trigger over‐yielding of trees in mixed as opposed to pure stands, while years with high growth lead to under‐yielding. We discuss the relevance of the results in terms of advancing our understanding and modelling of mixed stands, extension of the stress gradient hypothesis, and the performance of mixedversuspure stands in the face of climate change.
Assimilation through Marriage
Authors: Epstein Gil S. , Lindner Pomerantz Renana 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe degree to which the foreign culture influences the local culture differs across countries. We show how the willingness of locals and immigrants to intermarry influences the culture and the national identity of the host country. Using a search‐theoretic approach we show that, even in situations where migrants and natives prefer to marry within their own community, the search process may lead to intermarriage: either migrants or natives each hold on to their own culture or the immigrants take on the natives' culture. In some situations new cultures develop and the local culture will not survive over time.
Acculturation and Health Insurance of Mexicans in the USA
Authors: Kaushal Neeraj , Kaestner Robert 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe study how the health insurance coverage of Mexican immigrants changes with time in the USA. Cross‐sectional estimates indicate that time since arrival is negatively correlated with the probability of being uninsured for both male and female Mexican immigrants, and about a third of the decline could be attributed to civic and labor market incorporation of Mexican immigrants. However, much of the relationship between time in the USA and health insurance coverage, after adjusting for demographic and labor market factors, is due to failure to control for age at arrival and period of arrival. Estimates from longitudinal analyses suggest that there is no systematic relationship between time in the USA and health insurance of Mexican immigrants, although imprecision in the fixed effects estimates makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions.
Do Ethnic Enclaves Impede Immigrants' Integration? Evidence from a Quasi‐experimental Social‐interaction Approach
Authors: Danzer Alexander M. , Yaman Firat 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIt is widely debated whether immigrants who live among co‐ethnics are less willing to integrate into the host society. Exploiting the quasi‐experimental guest worker placement across German regions during the 1960/70s as well as information on immigrants' inter‐ethnic contact networks and social activities, we are able to identify the causal effect of ethnic concentration on social integration. The exogenous placement of immigrants ‘switches off’ observable and unobservable differences in the willingness or ability to integrate which have confounded previous studies. Evidence suggests that the presence of co‐ethnics increases migrants' interaction cost with natives and thus reduces the likelihood of integration.
Labor Market Effects of Immigration: Evidence from Neighborhood Data
Authors: Bauer Thomas K. , Flake Regina , Sinning Mathias G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper combines individual‐level data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel (SOEP) with economic and demographic postcode‐level data from administrative records to analyze the effects of immigration on wages and unemployment probabilities of high‐ and low‐skilled natives. Employing an instrumental variable strategy and utilizing the variation in the population share of foreigners across regions and time, we find no support for the hypothesis of adverse labor market effects of immigration. Instead, we find a positive effect of immigration on the employment probabilities of high‐skilled natives.
Primary gastrointestinal aspergillosis 6 months after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a case report
Authors: Mora D. , Barba P. , Ruiz I. , Castillo N. , Aizpurua M. , Roselló E. , Bosch F. , Valcárcel D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractInvasive fungal infections (IFI) represent one of the most aggressive infectious complications among hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. Aspergillosis is the most frequent cause of IFI in allogeneic HCT (allo‐HCT), with most of the cases involving the respiratory tract. Other infrequent and usually more aggressive forms of invasive aspergillosis include hepatic, neurological, and gastrointestinal (GI). We report herein a case of GI aspergillosis diagnosed in a living patient, off all systemic immunosuppression after an allo‐HCT, who had undergone a permanent colostomy because of colon carcinoma 35 years before hematological diagnosis.
Three novel alleles in the Kell blood group system resulting in the Knull phenotype and the first in a Native American
Authors: Moulds Joann M. , Persa Rosemary , Rierson Darbi , Billingsley Katrina L. , Noumsi Ghislain T. , Hue‐Roye Kim , Reid Marion E. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundAntibodies to Kell antigens can be clinically important but only limited data are published regarding anti‐Ku. Missense nucleotide changes in KEL account for the numerous Kell antigens, the Kmod phenotype, and even the Knull phenotype.Study Design and MethodsDNA and RNA were extracted from white blood cells and polymerase chain reaction–based assays, cloning, and sequencing were done using standard protocols.ResultsThe anti‐Ku in Proband 1, which caused hemolytic disease and anemia of the fetus and newborn, was a mixture of immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 and IgG2 and gave macrophage indexes ranging from 47.8 to 59.3 (>20 is clinically significant) in a monocyte monolayer assay. The proband, her daughter, and compatible sister had a heterozygous deletion of a G in Exon 18 (Nucleotide c.1972_1975delG) in a KEL*02 allele causing a frameshift. The mechanism for silencing of the other KE*02 allele was undetermined. Proband 2 was heterozygous for a nonsense change (KEL*382C/T; Arg128Stop), a missense change (KEL*244T/C; Cys82Arg), and KEL*578T/C (KEL*01/KEL*02). Direct sequencing of cDNA and cloning showed that the KEL*01 allele had 244C, 382C, 578T and the KEL*02 allele carried 244T, 382T, 578C.ConclusionsWe report a novel single‐nucleotide deletion, a novel nonsense allele, and a novel missense allele all resulting in the Knull phenotype. The anti‐Ku from Proband 1 was clinically important.
Identification of novel silent KEL alleles causing KEL:−5 (Ko) phenotype or discordance between KEL:1,−2 phenotype/KEL*01/02 genotype
Authors: Martin‐Blanc Stéphanie , Simon Philippe , Gien Dominique , Kappler‐Gratias Sandrine , Le Pennec Pierre‐Yves , Pham Bach‐Nga 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThe Kell system, encoded by the KEL gene, is one of the most clinically important blood group systems. Molecular defects may lead to the absence of Kell antigen expression. The very rare KEL:5 results from silent KEL genes, also called KELnull alleles. In a few cases, the rare KEL:1,−2 phenotype may be associated with silent KEL*02 alleles.Study Design and MethodsThe aim of this study was to perform DNA investigations to identify silent KEL alleles among 10 KEL:–5 patients and 121 individuals presenting the rare KEL:1,−2 phenotype. Serologic investigations were performed on patients' red blood cells and serum. The KEL gene analysis was done by using a BeadChip assay (HEA Version, 1.2, Immucor), real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and/or sequencing of all 19 exons of the KEL gene.ResultsIn KEL:–5 patients, two novel KELnull alleles were described: 821G>A being the second described KELnull allele on a KEL*01 backbone and 184Tdel. In the 121 KEL:1,−2 individuals, nine (7.4%) were found to display a discordant KEL:1,−2 phenotype and KEL*01/KEL*02 genotype. Three novel silent KEL*02 alleles were described: 1084C>A, 1708G>A, and IVS11+5g>a.ConclusionThe number of silent KEL alleles and the notion that KEL null alleles are on a KEL*02 background may evolve in the coming years. Systematic DNA analysis showed that the number of discordant phenotype/genotype results, related to silent KEL*02 alleles was higher than expected in France. These data emphasize that clinical practice based on DNA analysis for blood group antigens requires caution and should improve the performance of the blood group phenotype prediction.