bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Relations Between Political Entertainment Media And Traditional Political Communication Information Outlets
Authors: Holbert R. Lance , Young Dannagal Goldthwaite 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA wide range of entertainment media content has been shown to influence some of our most important democratic outcomes. In addition, political communication scholarship is beginning to look at how certain entertainment‐based media outlets function alongside more traditional political outlets (e.g., TV news, debates). In today's complex media environment, it is apparent that audience members do not experience entertainment media or news in complete isolation. There ishybridityacross individuals, across genres, and across texts. Studying how various forms of political information work together, and how people make sense of them in tandem, is essential to understanding the broader role of media in politics. This chapter offers a plan of action designed to allow political communication researchers to engage in a theoretically grounded, systematic study of how entertainment media relates to, informs, and interacts with more traditional public affairs media within the context of politics.
The Intended and Unintended Effects of Advertising on Children
Authors: Buijzen Moniek , Valkenburg Patti M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe effects of advertising on children have often been divided into two general types: intended effects (e.g., children's brand awareness, preferences, and purchase requests) and unintended effects (e.g., materialistic orientations, parent–child conflicts, and unhealthy eating habits). The first part of this chapter discusses theories of advertising processing. The second part reviews the literature on intended and unintended advertising effects. The third part addresses the factors that may moderate advertising effects, focusing on the role of children's development and parental communication. Finally, we discuss the social significance of the conclusions that emerge from the literature.
The Educational Impact Of Television
Authors: Anderson Daniel R. , Lavigne Heather J. , Hanson Katherine G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWatching and understanding television requires the development of attention, media decoding, and narrative comprehension skills. Children under the age of two years have difficulty using televised information to effectively guide their behavior, a phenomenon known as the video deficit. Beyond the infant and toddler years, however, television can become a powerful tool for education. Programs designed with specific educational objectives and research‐based curricula promote academic achievement and prosocial behavior. Educational television is an important asset for children's informal learning during the preschool years and beyond.
The Role Of Parental Mediation In the Development Of Media Literacy and the Prevention of Substance Use
Authors: Chen Yi‐Chun (Yvonnes) , Austin Erica Weintraub 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTo provide a more complete picture of the existing state of knowledge regarding parental communication and media literacy in relation to substance use, this chapter discusses (1) parental mediation and its effects on children and adolescents, (2) relationships between parental communication and media literacy, and (3) how each factor (i.e., parental mediation and media literacy) relates to substance use. The chapter includes highlights from a survey that integrates parental communication and media literacy into substance use research among emerging adults. Findings suggest that negative active mediation is effective in fostering competency in media literacy into adulthood, whereas the passive activity of coviewing, the avoidance strategy of rulemaking and the reinforcement of message receptivity in positive mediation are weak or counterproductive influences for media literacy development. Deficiencies in media literacy can lead to risk‐taking behaviors among adolescents and may exacerbate those behaviors when they reach emerging adulthood. It is suggested that future research should explore whether similar patterns emerge in other contexts, such as obesity, body image and Internet safety.
The End Of James Cameron's Quiet Years
Authors: Acland Charles R. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

In the years between his blockbuster films
Titanic
(1997) and
Avatar
(2009), James Cameron was an active documentary producer and director. Where many saw these years as a retreat from the mainstream of the film industry, this chapter argues that this period helped solidify his relationship with scientific discovery and the development of cinema technology.
Expedition: Bismarck
(2002),
Ghosts of the Abyss
(2003), and
Aliens of the Deep
(2005) are large‐budget documentary films involving deep‐sea expeditions, and in which the technology of physical and visual access to the subject matter figures prominently. This chapter demonstrates the thematic and aesthetic links these films have with
Avatar
. Cameron's persona as a technological auteur shows us how the business of film is bound up with a range of media products, new technological forms, in particular 3D film, and types of intellectual property, revealing the technological imperative lodged in conceptions of the future of cinema.
Infrastructural Changeover
Authors: Parks Lisa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMedia and communication studies scholars have been tracking the US digital terrestrial television (DTV) transition for over a decade, conducting research crucial for understanding the future of media systems. The existing research tends to focus on two areas. First, some scholars have used diffusion theory to consider issues of technological adoption, exploring the relative willingness of consumers to adapt to DTV. Second, others have examined how the transition has impacted the consumer electronics industry and the United States' precarious position in that global industry. Few, if any, have engaged critically with the ways that the federal government, trade organizations, and community groups have communicated with the public in an effort to prepare them for the digital TV transition. In this chapter, Lisa Parks adds a vital dimension to existing work in this area by exploring how technical information about DTV was communicated to the public in the months leading up to the transition. Examining a variety of materials, from press releases to news reports from public service announcements to video kinescopes that document the end of analog service, Parks considers how consumer‐citizens were addressed by public outreach initiatives and how they negotiated the digital TV transition. She highlights three issues crucial for understanding this major infrastructural transition: (1) the way fixed‐income and minority communities have been singled out in relation to television; (2) the uneven geographies of the transition; and (3) the way viewers and digital corporations have responded to the transition in its aftermath.
The 800‐Pound Gorillas in the Room
Authors: Dawson Max 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSince the late 1990s media and telecommunications companies have invested billions of dollars in the development of methods for delivering television programming to mobile phones over wireless networks. In this chapter, Max Dawson explores the institutional conflicts that have shaped mobile television's development in the United States, paying special attention to the clashes that have taken place between mobile companies and broadcasters. For nearly a decade these adversaries have made mobile television a weapon within ongoing disputes over markets, resources, and policies. These conflicts have produced a succession of mobile television solutions that have emulated, reworked, and commented upon the technologies and protocols of the US model of over‐the‐air television broadcasting. Dawson argues that mobile television's remediation of broadcasting is neither incidental nor ironic, but rather is indicative of the institutional politics that surround emergent media. He situates mobile television's remediation of broadcasting within these political contexts, and in the process highlights the institutional factors that influence processes of media change.
Reconstructing Accountability
Authors: Eide Martin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAn essential challenge for media studies, in a time when newspapers are in crisis and the practice of journalism is more contested than ever before, is to understand the problem of journalistic agency. In this chapter, Martin Eide provides a foundation for examining journalistic agency by charting major shifts in the political economy and professional framework of journalism. Eide argues for renewed attention to accountability journalism – a form of journalism that holds the powerful accountable and is itself accountable to an informed citizenry. For this endeavor, he suggests that we can gain useful insights from scholarly work on the problematic of structuring. It might then be possible to understand the limits of journalistic agency and develop workable versions of accountability journalism. Some have argued that journalism, in a time when “we're all journalists,” should simply be regarded as an activity, rather than as an institution. Eide disagrees, stressing the need to conceive of journalism as a vital social institution that needs to be reoriented toward a more viable future.
Future Directions for Political Communication Scholarship
Authors: Wahl‐Jorgensen Karin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this chapter, Karin Wahl‐Jorgensen argues for the importance of considering the role of emotion in political communication. Throughout the history of liberal democratic thought, she explains, emotion has been treated as the polar opposite of reason and rationality, and therefore as the enemy of good citizenship. This presumption has carried over into dominant ways of analyzing mediated public participation, as exemplified in Habermas's theory of the public sphere. There is nonetheless growing empirical evidence that emotion is central in motivating and shaping political participation. Therefore, a careful consideration of the power of emotion to mobilize citizens has much to offer the field. Wahl‐Jorgensen emphasizes the need to better understand the complex consequences of affective engagements in politics. She suggests that some forms of political discourse designed to elicit emotional reaction may have integrative possibilities insofar as they can foster empathy and solidarity, while others – ones that foster hatred and intolerance – may contribute to the breakdown of debate. Either way, emotion is an indispensable and growing resource in political life that we ignore at our peril.
The Future of New Media
Authors: Golumbia David 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this chapter, David Golumbia argues that computationalist ideology – the view that everything in reality is ultimately made up of computation – can be seen with particular clarity in what he calls “the uploading story.” According to this story, we human beings are on the verge of losing our human embodiment and our contact with everyday reality, and moving into a world where our minds merge with computers and we inhabit virtual realities much like those seen in videogames. A prominent exemplar of this story is found in the work of inventor and futurist Ray Kurzweil, who claims that we are heading toward a profound transformation he and others call “The Singularity.” Golumbia argues that the premise of Kurzweil's “Singularity” reads very much like the fantastic versions of “uploading” that have been widespread in computational thought for decades.To expose the conceptual flaws in the uploading story and its incarnation in Kurzweil's “Singularity,” Golumbia examines a selection of recent television series and films that use this story as their narrative foundation.Dollhouse,Battlestar Galactica, andGamerconstitute a kind of demonstrative interrogation of the uploading fantasy, Golumbia argues, revealing its central contradiction – namely, that it relies not on actual technological advances but on distortions beyond any recognizable limits of our conceptions of the human, the mind, and the body.
Mapping ICT Adoption among Latin American Youth
Authors: Winocur Rosalía , Aguerre Carolina 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this chapter, Rosalía Winocur and Carolina Aguerre show how virtual communities and online social networks have been legitimized as new forms of visibility, recognition, and social inclusion among young people in Latin America. “To be or not to be part of something” and to be accepted or rejected for “forming or not forming a part of it” are core themes in the process of identity construction among Latin American youth, both online and offline. Faced with the difficulties of inclusion in the traditional institutions – particularly those related to training, employment, and access to power – young people adopt information and communication technologies (ICTs) in order to create alternative avenues to inclusion. The authors suggest that, by developing flexible and mobile strategies of ICT use and generating their own informal circuits of inclusion at the margins, young people may find avenues to gain access to the formal channels and privileged spaces of ICTs. In short, this chapter argues that Internet and mobile platforms are compensatory symbolic substitutes for the lack of real power these young people have in everyday life.
The Dead‐End of Consumerism
Authors: Lewis Justin 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In this chapter, Justin Lewis argues that twenty‐first‐century consumer capitalism is no longer an effective model for human progress. In developed countries, consumer capitalism can no longer deliver improvements in quality of life, is fraught with economic contradictions, and will make the planet considerably less habitable. How might we begin to address these issues and imagine a better world? Lewis focuses on three ways in which the contemporary cultural industries keep us conceptually bound to a consumerist credo. First, the media and communications industries have come to epitomize the notion of built‐in obsolescence based on a perpetual consumerism. Second, our most dominant cultural industry, advertising, provides a cultural environment that makes it hard to imagine a way of being outside consumerism. Third, the capacity of journalism to question current orthodoxy is constrained by a focus on “disposable news,” displacing the more democratic function of journalism.
Media Armageddons and the Death of Liberal Biopolitics
Authors: Nadesan Majia Holmer 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Over the last several years, Western audiences have been treated to a steady stream of post‐apocalyptic disaster films. In this chapter, Majia Nadesan discusses
The Road
,
The Book of Eli
, and
9
, arguing that these films can be distinguished thematically from the more general disaster genre by their exclusive focus on post‐disaster survival and their invocations of cannibalism. Significantly, she connects the emphases on post‐apocalyptic survival and cannibalism to the profound social dislocations experienced by US citizens in the wake of the financial crisis. The chapter contends that thematic elements of the films are metaphors for the ascendancy of a form of financial capitalism that dispenses with labor‐based suppositions of value. Nadesan contends that financial capitalism has no interest in Western, liberal biopolitics, and that the current slate of post‐apocalyptic disaster films is a cultural barometer of the malaise experienced by newly expendable populaces, increasingly confronted with their excess in relation to post‐disaster capitalism.
Boom or Boomerang
Authors: Banerjee Smita C. , kubey Robert 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This chapter advances research on media literacy by reviewing studies that utilize media literacy in either short‐term or long‐term interventions. Media literacy interventions on a wide array of topics including violence, smoking, alcohol, and advertising are reviewed. Effectiveness of media literacy is discussed using various criteria: duration of intervention, intervention design, target group, intervention modality, causal process, and different strategies for media literacy interventions. Key questions addressed in this chapter ask how media literacy efficacy is defined, and what issues surround media literacy efficacy.
Optimierung der Robustheit von selbstverdichtendem Beton gegenüber Temperatureinflüssen
Authors: Schmidt Wolfram , Brouwers Henricus Jozef Hubertus , Kühne Hans‐Carsten , Meng Birgit 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSelbstverdichtender Beton verhält sich unter Temperatureinfluss anders als Normalbeton, da die Rheologie neben der fortschreitenden Hydratation zusätzlich durch die von der Zeit und dem Hydratationsfortschritt abhängige Adsorption von Fließmitteln beeinflusst wird. Anhand rheometrischer Betonversuche an SVB unterschiedlicher Entwurfskonzepte mit variierter anionischer Ladungsdichte im Fließmittel wird verdeutlicht, dass mehlkornreiche SVB bei niedrigen Temperaturen sehr robust sind, während bei hohen Temperaturen mehlkornärmere Entwürfe zu bevorzugen sind. Darüber hinaus wird gezeigt, wie sich unterschiedliche Fließmittelmodifikationen in bestimmten Temperaturbereichen verhalten. Anhand des Wasser‐Feststoff‐Verhältnisses und des Adsorptionsverhaltens von Fließmitteln werden die maßgeblichen Prozesse erläutert und Möglichkeiten für die Entwicklung robuster Mischungen für individuelle Temperaturbereiche aufgeführt.Robustness optimisation of self‐compacting concrete regarding temperature effectsRegarding the temperature dependent performance, self‐compacting concrete (SCC) distinguishes from normal concrete, since its rheology does not only depend upon the hydration itself but supplementary upon the adsorption of superplasticizers, which is affected by the time and the hydration progress. Based on rheometric concrete investigations with different SCC mixture compositions and varied anionic charge densities of the superplasticizers, it is shown that SCC, which is rich in powder components, shows robust performance at low temperatures, while compositions with lower powder contents are favourable at high temperatures. Furthermore, the performance of different superplasticizer modifications at different temperature ranges is demonstrated. The relevant processes are explained by means of the water to powder ratio as well as the adsorption behaviour of superplasticizers, and options for the development of robust mixture compositions for individual temperature ranges are itemised.
Zuverlässigkeit hochbeanspruchter Druckglieder aus UHPC
Authors: Heimann Martin , Schmidt Holger , Tran Ngoc Linh , Graubner Carl‐Alexander 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDer Einsatz ultrahochfester Betone erlaubt eine Erweiterung des Anwendungsbereichs bisher üblicher und bewährter Massivbaukonstruktionen. Da das Tragverhalten eines Bauteiles über seinen Lebenszyklus mit entsprechenden Unsicherheiten bzgl. der Einwirkungen sowie der Material‐ und Systemeigenschaften behaftet ist, stellte sich die Frage, bis zu welchen Anwendungsgrenzen schlanke UHPC‐Druckglieder die Anforderungen an die erforderliche Tragwerkszuverlässigkeit noch erfüllen. Vor dem Hintergrund dieses Sachverhaltes ermöglichte die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft die Förderung der Untersuchung der Zuverlässigkeit schlanker Stützen aus UHPC. Dieser Beitrag berichtet über die Forschungstätigkeit im Rahmen des Projektes und stellt wesentliche Ergebnisse der Zuverlässigkeitsanalysen vor.Reliability of highly stressed UHPC‐columnsMeanwhile concrete‐technological developments allow the production of UHPC with a compressive strength of more than 150 N/mm2. Thus, the cross‐sectional dimensions required for highly stressed compression members can be reduced. However, in many cases this positive development increased the trend to even more slender and therefore likelier to buckle structural systems. Hence, it is to be expected that under certain conditions the safety level of such construction elements decreases. Because of this, the reliability of slender UHPC structural members is being investigated in a research project, supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft at the TU Darmstadt. This article reports about the research activities and the most important findings of this project.
Antimicrobial enzymes: An emerging strategy to fight microbes and microbial biofilms
Authors: Thallinger Barbara , Prasetyo Endry N. , Nyanhongo Gibson S. , Guebitz Georg M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWith the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial enzymes aimed at the disruption of bacterial cellular machinery and biofilm formation are under intense investigation. Several enzyme‐based products have already been commercialized for application in the healthcare, food and biomedical industries. Successful removal of complex biofilms requires the use of multi‐enzyme formulations that contain enzymes capable of degrading microbial DNA, polysaccharides, proteins and quorum‐sensing molecules. The inclusion of anti‐quorum sensing enzymes prevents biofilm reformation. The development of effective complex enzyme formulations is urgently needed to deal with the problems associated with biofilm formation in manufacturing, environmental protection and healthcare settings. Nevertheless, advances in synthetic biology, enzyme engineering and whole DNA‐Sequencing technologies show great potential to facilitate the development of more effective antimicrobial and anti‐biofilm enzymes.
Monochromatic gating method by flow cytometry for high purity monocyte analysis
Authors: Wong Linda , Davis Bruce H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground:Assays of antigen expression on myeloid cells have an underlying premise that the assay integrates high purity gating of the leukocyte subpopulation in question. While CD45/side scatter (SSC) gating provides sufficient gating purity for qualitative assays of antigen expression; it is unsuitable for quantitative assays of antigen changes, especially monocytes. We have validated a monochromatic gating approach combining CD45 and CD64 labeled with the same fluorochrome that allows for high purity monocyte gating.Methods:Twenty‐five blood samples were stained using three different antibody combinations (CD45 FITC + CD163 PE; CD45 FITC + CD64 PE; CD45 FITC + CD64 FITC). Data analysis focused on the percentage of “monocytes” defined by the various antibody and SSC gating combinations.Results:Percent monocyte recovered by monochromatic CD64 gating was not statistically different from two‐color CD45 + CD64 or CD45 + CD163 gating. All three methods of immunologic monocyte identification yielded a 12.93%–15.15% reduction in the “monocyte” percentage compared to CD45/SSC gating.Conclusions:A monochromatic combination of CD45 and CD64 antibodies with scatter signals allows higher purity monocyte gating by flow cytometry (FC) compared to CD45/SSC gating. This approach allows for the development of a high resolution four‐color assay, such as for detection of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, whereby a single four‐color tube will allow simultaneous high purity monocyte (CD64+) and neutrophil (CD15+) analysis of both phosphatidylinositol (PI) linked protein expression and FLAER binding. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society