bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Academic and social achievement goals: Their additive, interactive, and specialized effects on school functioning
Authors: Liem Gregory Arief D. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundStudents’ pursuit of academic and social goals has implications for school functioning. However, studies on academic and social achievement goals have been relatively independent and mainly conducted with students in culturally Western settings.AimsGuided by multiple‐goal perspectives, this study examined the role of academic and social achievement goals in outcome variables relevant to academic (achievement, effort/persistence), social (peer relationship satisfaction, loneliness), and socio‐academic (cooperative learning, competitive learning, socially regulated, and self‐regulated learning) functioning.SampleA total of 356 Indonesian high‐school students (mean age = 16 years; 36% girls) participated in the study.MethodsA self‐report survey comprising items drawn from pre‐existing instruments was administered to measure distinct dimensions of achievement goals and outcomes under focus. Regression analysis was performed to examine additive, interactive, and specialized effects of achievement goals on outcomes.ResultsAligned with the hierarchical model of goal relationships (Wentzel, 2000, Contemp. Educ. Psychol., 25, 105), academic and social achievement goals bore additive effects on most outcomes. Findings also revealed a specialized effect on academic achievement and notable interactive effects on cooperative learning. In general, mastery‐approach and performance‐approach goals were more adaptive than their avoidance counterparts. The effects of social development goals were positive, whereas those of social demonstration‐approach goals were mixed. Contrary to prior findings, social demonstration‐avoidance goals did not appear to be inimical for school functioning.ConclusionsFindings underscore the importance of both academic and social achievement goals in day‐to‐day school functioning and the need to consider the meaning of goals and the coordination of multiple goals from cultural lenses.
Interactive effects of pesticide exposure and pathogen infection on bee health – a critical analysis
Authors: Collison Elizabeth , Hird Heather , Cresswell James , Tyler Charles 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBees are fundamentally important for pollination services and declines in populations could have significant economic and environmental implications. Pesticide exposure and pathogen infection are recognised as potential stressors impacting upon bee populations and recently there has been a surge in research on pesticide–disease interactions to reflect environmentally realistic scenarios better. We critically analyse the findings on pesticide–disease interactions, including effects on the survival, pathogen loads and immunity of bees, and assess the suitability of various endpoints to inform our mechanistic understanding of these interactions. We show that pesticide exposure and pathogen infection have not yet been found to interact to affect worker survival under field‐realistic scenarios. Colony‐level implications of pesticide effects on Nosema infections, viral loads and honey bee immunity remain unclear as these effects have been observed in a laboratory setting only using a small range of pesticide exposures, generally exceeding those likely to occur in the natural environment, and assessing a highly selected series of immune‐related endpoints. Future research priorities include the need for a better understanding of pesticide effects on the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) component of an individual's immune response and on social defence behaviours. Interactions between pesticide exposure and bacterial and fungal infections have yet to be addressed. The paucity of studies in non‐Apis bee species is a further major knowledge gap.
Preliminary study on implantable inductive‐type sensor for continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure
Authors: Kim Yong Woo , Kim Mi Jeung , Park Ki Ho , Jeoung Jin Wook , Kim Seok Hwan , Jang Cheol In , Lee Soo Hyun , Kim Jae Hun , Lee Seok , Kang Ji Yoon 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to validate the performance and biocompatibility of an implantable inductive‐type sensor for continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure (IOP)MethodsThe sensor is composed of a top layer integrated with an inductor and capacitor circuit, and a bottom layer integrated with ferrite. With IOP change, the sensor's bottom layer is mechanically deflected, which changes the distance between the bottom‐layer ferrite and top‐layer inductor, resulting in an alteration of inductance magnitude and the resonant frequency (RF). In‐vitro measurement was conducted via air pressurization in a sealing jig (n = 3). Subsequently, the sensor was implanted into the anterior chamber of a rabbit eye. In‐vivo measurement was performed while the IOP was elevated by infusion of balanced salt solution (BSS, 6 μL/min). Smaller‐sized sensors later were implanted into two rabbit eyes, which were microscopically examined at 2, 4 and 8 weeks post‐implantation. The eyes were then immediately enucleated for histological examination.ResultsThe in‐vitro measurement showed a significant RF shift as pressure in the jig was increased from 0 mmHg to 60 mmHg (average initial frequency: 10.86 MHz, average shift: 403 kHz). The in‐vivo measurement also showed an RF decrease, from 12.80 MHz to 12.67 MHz, as the pressure was increased from 10 mmHg to 20 mmHg. Microscopic in‐vivo evaluations and histological exams, performed at intervals up to 8 weeks post‐implantation, showed no evidence of significant inflammation or deformity of the ocular‐tissue structures.ConclusionsThe implantable inductive‐type IOP sensor demonstrated wireless pressure‐sensing ability and favourable biocompatibility in the rabbit eye.
Pathological complete response to gefitinib in a 10‐year‐old boy with EGFR‐negative pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Shaomei , Zhang Zhe , Tang Hong , He Zhen , Gao Yun , Ma Weiguo , Chang Yuxi , Wei Bing , Ma Jie , Liu Kangdong , Ma Zhiyong , Wang Qiming 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsPulmonary Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) accounts for 0.1‐0.2% of all lung cancer. It occurred in the 3‐78 years old, and 50% patients younger than 30. MEC has no standard treatment, but recently reports indicated MEC without epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations sensitive to gefitinib.ObjectivesTo explore a new standard treatment strategy for MEC, after reviewed literature related to MEC, we used Gefitinib to treatment a patient with EGFR‐negative MEC, and observe its effects.Methods10‐year‐old boy was diagnosed with low‐grade MEC by bronchial lung biopsy, EGFR gene mutation test was negative. Gefitinib was administered as neoadjuvant therapy at 125 mg daily.ResultsThe patient underwent right middle lobe, lower lobe resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection. After surgery, the patient had gained weight (5 kg) after 18 days of gefitinib therapy. A CT scan of the chest 1 month after surgical resection showed no recurrence, and followed for 22 months after treatment without tumour recurrence, suggesting that the patient was completely cured.ConclusionGefitinib has potential to become a standard treatment for pulmonary MEC patients, including pediatric patients. However, the mechanisms need further investigation.
Efficiency of a dual density studded fish pass designed to mitigate for impeded upstream passage of juvenile European eels (Anguilla anguilla) at a model Crump weir
Authors: Vowles A. S. , Don A. M. , Karageorgopoulos P. , Worthington T. A. , Kemp P. S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study demonstrated that juvenile (glass) eels used a specific substrate (eel tiles) to circumvent a model Crump weir under an experimental setting. Upstream passage efficiency was 0 and 67% for the unmodified (no studded eel tiles on the downstream face; control) and modified (with studded eel tiles on the downstream face; treatment) set‐ups, respectively, and was greater for a small (59%) compared to large (41%) stud configuration. Eels were active and motivated to ascend the weir during both control and treatment set‐ups. Approach and attempt rates were elevated during the first few minutes of the treatment compared to control trials. Eels were edge‐oriented under both set‐ups and ascended the weir through the tiles during single burst swimming events (reaching estimated speeds of 68.5 cm·s−1). Eel tiles may provide a cost‐effective solution for mitigating impacts of anthropogenic barriers to juvenile eel migration. Further research is required to determine passage efficiencies under higher flows, for a greater size range of eel, and for other migratory anguilliform fish (e.g. lamprey, Lampretra spp. and Petromyzon marinus L.). The performance of eel tiles should be validated through robust field studies.
Fungal contributions to carbon flow and nutrient cycling during decomposition of standing Typha domingensis leaves in a subtropical freshwater marsh
Authors: Su Rong , Kuehn Kevin A. , Phipps Scott W. 
Published: July 2015

Summary

Despite the well‐known occurrence of ‘standing‐dead’ emergent plant litter in freshwater marshes, the role of fungi in its decomposition is poorly known. Here, we quantified the growth and biomass dynamics of fungi associated with standing‐dead Typha domingensis leaves, estimated the contribution of fungi to carbon flow during decomposition and assessed their contribution to nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) cycling.

In a subtropical freshwater marsh, standing leaves of T. domingensis were sampled in August while living (green) and then monthly during leaf senescence and standing‐dead decomposition for 1 year. Leaf samples were analysed for mass loss, fungal biomass (ergosterol), rates of fungal production (14C‐acetate incorporation) and microbial respiration (CO2 evolution), and for litter chitin (glucosamine), carbon, N and P concentrations.

Losses in T. domingensis leaf carbon (37%) occurred during senescence and standing decomposition. During this time, increases in ergosterol and chitin concentrations were observed in the standing litter, indicating the rapid colonisation of decaying Typha leaves by fungi. Estimated fungal biomass (from ergosterol) reached a maximum of 37 mg C g−1 detrital C.

Over the entire study period, estimated cumulative fungal production in standing Typha litter was 39 mg C g−1 initial detrital C, indicating that 11% of leaf C was converted to fungal C. The corresponding estimate of cumulative microbial respiration was 136 mg C g−1 initial detrital C, indicating that 37% of Typha leaf litter C was mineralised by microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) during decomposition. Fungi also immobilised up to c.27% and c.55% of the total detrital N and P, respectively.

Fungi play an important role in the cycling of C and nutrients in freshwater marshes, and this should be integrated into current models that describe major biogeochemical pathways.
Contrasting responses of phytoplankton and benthic algae to recent nutrient enrichment in Arctic tundra ponds
Authors: Lougheed Vanessa L. , Hernandez Christina , Andresen Christian G. , Miller Nickole A. , Alexander Vera , Prentki Richard 
Published: July 2015

Summary

Tundra ponds are a dominant feature on the Arctic Coastal Plain, but their response to warming, especially in the long‐term, is largely unknown. Our study assessed changes in algal nutrient limitation over a 40‐year period in historically studied ponds that may have been affected by either human development in the region or increased temperatures leading to permafrost thaw and nutrient release. We also compared nutrient limitation of algae in the pelagic and benthic zones at a landscape level.

Nutrient diffusing substrata (NDS) and bottled nutrient incubations, which expose natural algal communities to known quantities of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), were utilised to determine benthic and phytoplankton algal nutrient limitation, respectively, in a series of ponds on the north slope of Alaska, USA. This included ponds where phytoplankton nutrient limitation was examined in 1971–1973 as part of the International Biological Program (IBP), as well as ponds in a remote protected area and others near the village of Barrow.

Nutrient limitation status of phytoplankton has changed since the original IBP study 40 years ago from P limitation to NP co‐limitation. One‐third of regional phytoplankton enrichment experiments indicated no nutrient limitation of algal growth, and none exhibited single‐nutrient P limitation. This shift in nutrient limitation was coincident with increased water column nutrients due to degrading permafrost, and to the expansion into the ponds of macrophytes, which may compete with algae for available nitrogen.

A comparison of pelagic and benthic experiments across the landscape revealed differences among these zones with a predominance of NP limitation of phytoplankton and absence of nutrient limitation in the benthic zone, reflecting contrasting nutrient limitation status within the same ponds. Permafrost thaw is probably reintroducing previously frozen stores of P or N to the sediment surface, which are quickly taken up by periphyton but become limited in the water column. Grazing by invertebrates, which were not excluded from the benthic assays, may also have influenced the results.

While ponds within the village of Barrow had higher nutrient and algae levels, there was no obvious effect of urban development on nutrient limitation status, nor did development appear to have influenced the historic IBP pond sites.
Understanding co‐consumption between consumers and their pets
Authors: Kylkilahti Eliisa , Syrjälä Henna , Autio Jaakko , Kuismin Ari , Autio Minna 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPets live with people; they participate in people's everyday life activities and are often seen as human‐like family members. Consumers in the industrialized countries are investing more money in their pets and spending more time with them than ever before. The pet and the owner can even be considered to form a unit that consumes together. In this article, we develop a conceptual understanding of co‐consumption by examining how pets act as co‐consumers in everyday consumption. The pet owner and pet have joint consumption experiences in which they interact with other actors such as service providers. The consumer (pet owner) consumes because of the pet, meaning that he or she constantly needs to take the pet into account in choices and activities beyond pet‐related consumption, such as what kind of car to buy, where to work, whom to marry and how to live. The co‐consumer (pet) also acts as an active agent who experiences, feels, suffers and likes the goods and services that the consumer buys for the pet. Reciprocally, the pet provides the consumer (pet owner) with companionship, support and a boost to wellbeing. As such, our research suggests that co‐consumption provides an understanding not only of consumption with pets but also of other contexts, especially those in which the aim is shared well‐being such as consumption together with children, the disabled or the elderly.
Requirement of miR‐9‐dependent regulation of Myocd in PASMCs phenotypic modulation and proliferation induced by hepatopulmonary syndrome rat serum
Authors: Xu Duo , Gu Jian‐teng , Yi Bin , Chen Lin , Wang Guan‐song , Qian Gui‐sheng , Lu Kai‐zhi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is characterized by a triad of severe liver disease, intrapulmonary vascular dilation and hypoxaemia. Pulmonary vascular remodelling (PVR) is a key feature of HPS pathology. Our previous studies have established the role of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) phenotypic modulation and proliferation in HPS‐associated PVR. Myocardin, a robust transcriptional coactivator of serum response factor, plays a critical role in the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch. However, the mechanism regulating myocardin upstream signalling remains unclear. In this study, treatment of rat PASMCs with serum drawn from common bile duct ligation rats, which model symptoms of HPS, resulted in a significant increase in miR‐9 expression correlated with a decrease in expression of myocardin and the phenotypic markers SM‐α‐actin and smooth muscle‐specific myosin heavy chain (SM‐MHC). Furthermore, miRNA functional analysis and luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR‐9 effectively regulated myocardin expression by directly binding to its 3′‐untranslated region. Both the knockdown of miR‐9 and overexpression of myocardin effectively attenuated the HPS rat serum‐induced phenotype switch and proliferation of PASMCs. Taken together, the findings of our present study demonstrate that miR‐9 is required in HPS rat serum‐induced phenotypic modulation and proliferation of PASMCs for targeting of myocardin and that miR‐9 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in HPS.
Intracellular levels of glutamate in swollen astrocytes are preserved via neurotransmitter reuptake and de novo synthesis: implications for hyponatremia
Authors: Schober Alexandra L. , Mongin Alexander A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHyponatremia and several other CNS pathologies are associated with substantial astrocytic swelling. To counteract cell swelling, astrocytes lose intracellular osmolytes, including l‐glutamate and taurine, through volume‐regulated anion channel. In vitro, when swollen by exposure to hypo‐osmotic medium, astrocytes lose endogenous taurine faster, paradoxically, than l‐glutamate or l‐aspartate. Here, we explored the mechanisms responsible for differences between the rates of osmolyte release in primary rat astrocyte cultures. In radiotracer assays, hypo‐osmotic efflux of preloaded [14C]taurine was indistinguishable from d‐[3H]aspartate and only 30–40% faster than l‐[3H]glutamate. However, when we used HPLC to measure the endogenous intracellular amino acid content, hypo‐osmotic loss of taurine was approximately fivefold greater than l‐glutamate, and no loss of l‐aspartate was detected. The dramatic difference between loss of endogenous taurine and glutamate was eliminated after inhibition of both glutamate reuptake [with 300 μM dl‐threo‐β‐benzyloxyaspartic acid (TBOA)] and glutamate synthesis by aminotransferases [with 1 mM aminooxyacetic acid (AOA)]. Treatment with TBOA+AOA made reductions in the intracellular taurine and l‐glutamate levels approximately equal. Taken together, these data suggest that swollen astrocytes actively conserve intracellular glutamate via reuptake and de novo synthesis. Our findings likely also explain why in animal models of acute hyponatremia, extracellular levels of taurine are dramatically elevated with minimal impact on extracellular l‐glutamate.
imageWe identified mechanisms that allow astrocytes to conserve intracellular l‐glutamate (Glu) upon exposure to hypo‐osmotic environment. Cell swelling activates volume‐regulated anion channel (VRAC) and triggers loss of Glu, taurine (Tau), and other cytosolic amino acids. Glu is conserved via reuptake by Na+‐dependent transporters and de novo synthesis in the reactions of mitochondrial transamination (TA). These findings explain why, in acute hyponatremia, extracellular levels of Tau can be dramatically elevated with minimal changes in extracellular Glu.
Cellulite treatment: a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Zerini Irene , Sisti Andrea , Cuomo Roberto , Ciappi Serena , Russo Francesco , Brandi Cesare , D'Aniello Carlo , Nisi Giuseppe 
Published: July 2015

SummaryAn effective and long‐term treatment of cellulite has not been well established. To our knowledge, no review has analyzed the whole range of treatments for this condition. We conducted a review of in vivo studies on humans adopting the key words “cellulite” and “treatment.” The studies were included according to eligibility criteria. We performed an analysis to estimate the overall effect of cellulite treatments from clinical studies. Medline library was screened up to December 2014 to identify eligible studies. We included 73 original studies in the present review. All of them were clinical studies, in most of them, only women were recruited. Above the studies searched up, 66 tested the effectiveness of an exclusive treatment performed without the association to other procedures: 11 topical agents, 10 shock‐wave therapy, 10 radio frequency, eight laser therapy, five oral therapy, four manual massage therapy, three carbon dioxide therapy, two compressive therapy, two infrared therapy, one dermabrasion, and 11 devices that use an association of multiple treatments. Seven papers tested a combination of two or more treatments. The mean difference of clinical morphologic features and ultrastructural changes between the treated group and the controlled showed significant heterogeneity between studies. It is still difficult to indicate an exclusive and effective single treatment for this condition. Our analysis purposed to obtain a complete overview of the available treatments in cellulite reduction.
The effectiveness of the newly designed thermal gown on hypothermic patients after spinal surgery
Authors: Lee Wen‐Ping , Wu Pao‐Yuan , Shih Whei‐Mei , Lee Meng‐Ying , Ho Lun‐Hui 
Published: July 2015

Aims and objectivesTo develop the newly designed thermal gown to test the effectiveness in relieving postoperative hypothermia as compared to traditional cotton cloth.BackgroundHypothermia is a common problem after spinal surgery. A patient's safety and comfort are significant. Currently, most research is focused on instruments that relieve a patient's hypothermia. Studies have rarely considered a patient's comfort while caring for their body temperature.DesignThis study employed an experimental design. The participants were assigned randomly to two groups: the experimental group (N = 50) and the control group (N = 50).MethodsThe experimental group received the newly designed thermal gown intervention. The control group received the standard postanaesthesia care unit re‐warming intervention. The material used to collect data included demographic data, postoperative management and comfort level. Nurses measured patients' vital signs and asked for patients' subjective comfort level on admission to the postanaesthesia care unit every 10 minutes until their discharge from the postanaesthesia care unit.ResultThe accumulated percentage for thermal gown group patients in reaching 36 °C during the first 20 minutes of admission was significantly higher than that of the cotton cloth group. The thermal gown group individuals showed significantly higher comfort levels (score = 4) at 10 minutes, when compared to the cotton cloth group.ConclusionResults suggested that the newly designed thermal gown had effectively improved postoperative temperature and comfort level with an evidence‐based intervention.Relevance to clinical practiceMaintaining a patient's body temperature is a major task for nurses working in the post‐anaesthesia care unit. With the newly designed thermal gown, the duration of a patient's stay in the postanaesthesia care unit was shortened and the patient's comfort was increased.
Managing paediatric death in the emergency department
Authors: O'Meara Matthew , Trethewie Susan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDeath of a child in an emergency department is a rare occurrence, but one with significant impact on the family and staff involved. The rarity means few emergency department clinicians feel ‘expert’ in the overall management process. However, most have some knowledge and experience which can be augmented by collaborating with other health professionals. By exploring some of the main management issues and challenges for the emergency department, key aspects of care are identified for emergency department clinicians to consider in reviewing local procedures and guidelines.