bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpacking neoliberal policies: Interrupting the global and local production of the norms
Authors: Lee I-Fang 
Published: August 2012

Unpacking neoliberal policies: Interrupting the global and local production of the normsEarly Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) has been constructed as a new site for educational, sociocultural, political, and economic investment. Coupled with such a growing and popular recognition of ECEC as a significant period of children's learning and development are critical issues concerning accountability, affordability, and accessibility to quality education and care for all. Highlighting the preschool education systems in Taiwan and Hong Kong as two examples from Asia, this paper aims to open up a discursive space for reconceptualizing the effects of neoliberal discourse and how such a system of reasoning reconstructed notions of inclusion/exclusion to limit the making of quality education and the provision of care for all.
Negative impacts of high-stakes testing
Authors: Minarechová Michaela 
Published: August 2012

Negative impacts of high-stakes testingHigh-stakes testing is not a new phenomenon in education. It has become part of the education system in many countries. These tests affect the school systems, teachers, students, politicians and parents, whether that is in a positive or negative sense. High-stakes testing is associated with concepts such as a school's accountability, funding and parental choice of school. The study aims to explain high-stakes testing, how it is created and developed in selected countries and look at the negative impacts of tests on various actors within this relationship.
Professional families - the development of the relationship between a professional mother and the child in the context of the mother's status
Authors: Búšová Katarína 
Published: August 2012

Professional families - the development of the relationship between a professional mother and the child in the context of the mother's status
A professional family is an organizational form of institutional care which is used mainly in residential children's homes. By considering the psychological development of the child and by providing a supportive environment, the professional family provides systematic, purposeful and professional care and education for the child. It attempts to respect age differences and developmental disorders in the child. The professional family provides this care and education continually for a specific period of time. The process of forming a relationship between the parents and the children being cared for is very problematic. There is a significant lack of clarity and many problems exist in this field and to make it worse the status of the professional parents, mainly the professional mother are not clearly defined. We attempted to define this status through qualitative research using the theory of object relations by Donald Wood Winnicott.
A Case study of cognitive and biophysical models of education as linked to anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders
Authors: Maye Kelly 
Published: August 2012

A Case study of cognitive and biophysical models of education as linked to anxiety and obsessive compulsive disordersCognitive and biophysical factors have been considered contributors linked to identifiable markers of obsessive compulsive and anxiety disorders. Research demonstrates multiple causes and mixed results for the short-term success of educational programs designed to ameliorate problems that children with obsessive compulsive and anxiety disorders face in the day school setting. The consideration of cognitive and biophysical models of education as related to OCD and anxiety disorder has proven beneficial in determining appropriate treatment for the identified population of students. In this case study cognitive and biophysical factors are considered to address the referral, eligibility, placement, and treatment of a 4th grade student named Ethan. Ethan exhibited OCD tendencies and elevated levels of anxiety. Ethan often responded to everyday situations with increased emotion of anger and worry, which presented an adverse impact on his educational performance. An array of information was collected as part of the special education evaluation conducted through several measures including: educational diagnostics, surveys, questionnaires, and interviews. Ethan was found eligible for services under the primary disability category "Emotional and Behavioral Disorder", related to diagnoses of Obsessive Compulsive and Anxiety Disorder. It was determined that the result of such chronic disorders limited Ethan's ability to access the educational environment, in the absence of specially designed instruction. Interventions considered applicable for implementation were Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), as a form of psychotherapy, and Cognitive Therapy (CT).
Assessment and Treatment of Dyslexia - An Overview
Authors: Witruk Evelin 
Published: August 2012

Assessment and Treatment of Dyslexia - An Overview
This article will overview the current state-of-the-art of the different methods of assessment and treatment of dyslexia. On the basis of the modification and extension of the multilevel model of Valtin (1989, modified by Witruk, 1993) the methods were discussed regarding their main aims. Assessment and treatment methods were described regarding the primary causes (biological risk factors), secondary causes (partial performance deficits), primary symptoms (reading and writing failures) and regarding the secondary symptoms (emotional and behavioural disorders). Alternative methods are discussed.
Perception of Creativity in International Franchising Business Concepts - Comparison Analysis Between Franchisees and Franchisors
Authors: Machackova Vendula 
Published: August 2012

Perception of Creativity in International Franchising Business Concepts - Comparison Analysis Between Franchisees and FranchisorsThis paper deals with the topic of creativity and perceived freedom of creativity in international franchising business concepts. It analyses various areas of daily business operations and the franchising business concept as a whole. Its focus is aimed at comparing the perception of level of freedom given in these areas to franchisees by the franchisors and its objective is to find out where these perceptions differ between franchisees one side and franchisors on the other. The model of franchising is not described and the article assumes that the reader is familiar with this business model. The purpose of this article is to analyse and present the situation of creativity in the sector of international franchise businesses. As international franchising is in the focus of this article, topics such as cross-cultural environment in franchising models and creativity across cultures are covered. The method used to collect the data for further analysis is running an empirical research among two populations - franchisees and franchisors from several franchising business concepts active in international environment. Representatives from the two populations were asked to evaluate the level of freedom of creativity given or applied in their franchising business concepts. Respondents were answering an online survey, assessing ten different areas in daily business on a scale from one to five, ranging from no creativity allowed and strict governance by rules defined in the franchise concept to high level of creativity and freedom. Findings from both side of the franchise business partnerships, franchisees and franchisors, are presented including the test of homogeneity of proportions. Therefore some implications exist for further discussions and research, if franchising at all is, in its essence, a method of business concept, which enhances and facilitates creativity, or if creativity is perceived as a danger to franchise system that would harm its global unified approach which is the key principle of the franchis unified brand and concept strategy.
Summary on the ringing of raptors and owls in Slovakia in 2010
Authors: Slobodník Vladimír , Slobodník Roman 
Published: August 2012

Summary on the ringing of raptors and owls in Slovakia in 2010This paper presents brief information on the number, species and recoveries of ringed birds of prey and owls in Slovakia in 2010. It follows similar papers from 2002-2004, 2005-2006, 2007-2008 and 2009. In 2010 a total of 552 individual birds of prey and owls were ringed in Slovakia, of which 405 were birds of prey (16 species) and 147 owls (9 species). From the total number ringed, 327 birds of prey and 85 owl were nestlings. In comparison with the previous year (2009) the number of ringed birds decreased by 55%.
Andrés Guerrero
Authors: Platt Tristan , Guerrero Andrés 
Published: August 2012

Interviewed and translated by Tristan PlattTP: Andrés, you have recently published a book which has provoked considerable interest, and which presents the results of your reflections over several years on the history and anthropology of Ecuador. Let me start by asking you what led you to these two disciplines, and how you think the combination has led you to understand better an Andean and Latin-American society such as Ecuador?
Effects of cadmium and mycorrhizal fungi on growth, fitness, and cadmium accumulation in flax (Linum usitatissimum; Linaceae)
Authors: Hancock Laura M. S. , Ernst Charlotte L. , Charneskie Rebecca , Ruane Lauren G. 
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the study: Agricultural soils have become contaminated with a variety of heavy metals, including cadmium. The degree to which soil contaminants affect plants may depend on symbiotic relationships between plant roots and soil microorganisms. We examined (1) whether mycorrhizal fungi counteract the potentially negative effects of cadmium on the growth and fitness of flax (Linum usitatissimum) and (2) whether mycorrhizal fungi affect the accumulation of cadmium within plant parts.• Methods: Two flax cultivars (Linott and Omega) were grown in three soil cadmium environments (0, 5, and 15 ppm). Within each cadmium environment, plants were grown in either the presence or absence of mycorrhizal fungi. Upon senescence, we measured growth and fitness and quantified the concentration of cadmium within plants.• Key results: Soil cadmium significantly decreased plant fitness, but did not affect plant growth. Mycorrhizal fungi, which were able to colonize roots of plants growing in all cadmium levels, significantly increased plant growth and fitness. Although mycorrhizal fungi counteracted the negative effects of cadmium on fruit and seed production, they also enhanced the concentration of cadmium within roots, fruits, and seeds.• Conclusions: The degree to which soil cadmium affects plant fitness and the accumulation of cadmium within plants depended on the ability of plants to form symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi. The use of mycorrhizal fungi in contaminated agricultural soils may offset the negative effects of metals on the quantity of seeds produced, but exacerbate the accumulation of these metals in our food supply.
Asexual propagules as an adaptive trait for epiphylly in tropical leafy liverworts (Lejeuneaceae)
Authors: Kraichak Ekaphan 
Published: August 2012

•Premise of the study:Many links between form and function are described in the context of adaptation. Several morphological and life‐history traits in the leafy liverwort family Lejeuneaceae (Marchantiophyta) have been hypothesized to be adaptations for living on the surface of leaves of vascular plants (epiphylly). There have been, however, no rigorous tests of these hypotheses.•Methods:Using a recently published phylogeny of Lejeuneaceae and trait data from published monographs, I tested the correlations of putative adaptive traits with the incidence of epiphylly. Both cross‐species and phylogenetic‐based analyses of trait data were performed to distinguish the patterns of shared evolutionary history from independent origins of putatively adaptive traits. The rates of transitions between different combinations of character states were also calculated to determine whether traits were more likely to evolve in the presence of epiphylly.•Key results:Only one trait, production of asexual propagules, was correlated with epiphylly in the phylogenetic‐based analysis. The rate of transition to asexual propagules was also significantly higher in the presence of epiphylly. Other traits correlated with epiphylly appeared to be the results of shared evolutionary history among sister taxa and therefore not due to adaptive evolution.•Conclusion:The present study distinguished production of asexual propagules from other traits as a key adaptive response to living on the leaf surface. No other putative “adaptive” traits to epiphylly showed evidence of being specific adaptation to epiphylly. The results highlight the importance of phylogenetically controlled methods in determining an adaptive function of traits.
Free and Total Plasma Levels of Lopinavir during Pregnancy, at Delivery and Postpartum: Implications for Dosage Adjustments in Pregnant Women
Authors: Fayet-Mello Aurélie , Buclin Thierry , Guignard Nicole , Cruchon Sandra , Cavassini Matthias , Grawe Claudia , Gremlich Erika , Popp Karoline Aebi , Schmid Flavia , Eap Chin B , Telenti Amalio , Biollaz Jérôme , Decosterd Laurent A , De Tejada Begoña Martinez ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study and the Mother & Child HIV Cohort Study
Published: August 2012

Background Physiological changes associated with pregnancy may alter antiretroviral plasma concentrations and might jeopardize prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission. Lopinavir is one of the protease inhibitors more frequently prescribed during pregnancy in Europe. We described the free and total pharmacokinetics of lopinavir in HIV-infected pregnant and non-pregnant women, and evaluated whether significant alterations in its disposition and protein binding warrant systematic dosage adjustment. Methods Plasma samples were collected at first, second and third trimester of pregnancy, at delivery, in umbilical cord and postpartum. Lopinavir free and total plasma concentrations were measured by HPLC-MS/MS. Bayesian calculations were used to extrapolate total concentrations to trough (Cmin). Results A total of 42 HIV-positive pregnant women and 37 non-pregnant women on lopinavir/ritonavir were included in the study. Compared to postpartum and control values, total lopinavir Cmin was decreased moderately (31–39%) during pregnancy, and free Cmin minimally, showing significant alteration only at delivery (-35%). However, total and free Cmin remained in all patients above the target concentrations for wild-type virus of 1,000 ng/ml, and above the unbound IC50WT of 0.64–0.77 ng/ml of lopinavir, respectively. Lopinavir free fractions remained higher during pregnancy compared to post-partum and controls, and were influenced by α-1-acid-glycoprotein and albumin decrease. Free cord-to-mother ratio (0.43) was 2.7-fold higher than total cord-to-mother ratio (0.16), suggesting higher fetal exposure. Conclusions The moderate decrease of total lopinavir concentrations during pregnancy is not associated with proportional decrease in free concentrations. Both reach a nadir at delivery, albeit not to an extent that would put treatment-naive women at risk of insufficient exposure to the free, pharmacologically active concentrations of lopinavir. No dosage adjustment is therefore needed during pregnancy as it is unlikely to further enhance treatment efficacy but could potentially increase the risk of maternal and fetal toxicity. Nonetheless, in case of viral resistance in treatment-experienced pregnant women, loss of virological control or questionable adherence, it is justified to consider lopinavir dosage adjustment based on total plasma concentration measurement.
Vers quelle histoire africaine ?
Authors: Bisanswa Justin K. 
Published: August 2012

À partir de l’analyse attentive des romans africains depuis les années 1930, le présent article examine le vertige de l’histoire africaine dans ses balbutiements et ses convulsions : conflits sur fond de race, tensions, classements sociaux, rivalités et rébellions pour la domination et le pouvoir. Mais cette histoire, fruit de l’imaginaire du romancier, est fragmentaire, latérale et témoigne d’une posture de l’écrivain qui en livre une mémoire. L’État postcolonial est devenu la cible privilégiée comme l’était la colonisation. Si les romans laissent voir généralement des illusions perdues, ils montrent aussi l’espoir et la possibilité d’établir un monde plus juste, plus démocratique, plus respectueux des droits humains. Tout cela montre que l’histoire africaine a décrit une spirale et que la situation de l’Afrique est plus complexe qu’elle ne paraît.
Carmichael Meets Chebotarev
Authors: Banks William D. , Güloğlu Ahmet M. , Yeager Aaron M. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract.For any finite Galois extension K of ℚ and any conjugacy class C in Gal(K/ℚ), we show that there exist infinitely many Carmichael numbers composed solely of primes for which the associated class of Frobenius automorphisms is C. This result implies that for every natural number n there are infinitely many Carmichael numbers of the form a2 + nb2 with a, b ∊ 핫.
INSECTICIDAS BOTÁNICOS Y BIOLÓGICOS EN EL MANEJO DEL CHINCHE PATAS DE HOJA (Leptoglossus zonatus, DALLAS. HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE) Y LA MOSQUITA NEGRA (Trigona silvestrianun, VACHALL, HIMENOPTERA: APIDAE) Y SU EFECTO SOBRE LOS ENEMIGOS NATURALES
Authors: Jiménez-Martínez Edgardo , Gómez Martínez Jorge 
Published: August 2012

El chinche patas de hoja (Leptoglossus zonatus Dallas) y la mosquita negra (Trigona silvestrianun,Vachal) han provocado severos problemas fitosanitarios y económicos para los productores de marañón (Anacardium occidentale L) en el occidente de Nicaragua (León y Chinandega). Estas plagas han provocado grandes e importantes pérdidas significativas en el rendimiento y calidad, además como resultado, se han aumentado los costos de producción en este cultivo. Ante la problemática existente en estas zonas y con el propósito de encontrar una solución al problema, se realizó un estudio en la comarca Chacraseca del departamento de León, en el periodo comprendido entre febrero 2009 a mayo 2010, con el objetivo de evaluar cuatro alternativas botánicas y una biológica para el manejo del chinche patas de hoja y la mosquita negra. Las alternativas evaluadas fueron: chile + ajo + jabón, cebolla + crisantemo, chile + ajo, Metarrhizium anisopliae, chile + jabón y un testigo (agua). Las variables evaluadas fueron: número de chinches por árbol y número de mosquita negra por árbol, también se evaluó el rendimiento en kg/ha a través de un análisis económico de presupuesto parcial. Para decidir el momento de aplicación de los productos se realizaron muestreos semanales tomando como nivel crítico un chinche o mosquita negra por árbol. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio indican que el tratamiento chile + ajo + jabón fue el que presentó la menor fluctuación poblacional del chinche patas de hoja y mosquita negra, seguido por el tratamiento chile +ajo. El análisis económico basado en un presupuesto parcial determinó que el tratamiento chile + ajo + Jabón fue el que presentó los mejores rendimientos, los menores costos variables y el mayor beneficio neto, la tasa de retorno marginal resultó que en el tratamiento chile + jabón se obtiene por cada dólar invertido, una ganancia de 40 centavos de dólar. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v11i17.773 La Calera Vol.11 No.17, p.14-25
L’instant cosmogonique et le récit philosophique
Authors: Gagnon Rémy 
Published: August 2012

La narrativité philosophique aurait maladroitement rompu ses liens avec la multitude mouvante du monde et avec l’ambiguïté inhérente de la vie humaine. Les premiers récits humains s’étaient pourtant fait un devoir de raconter, comme un écho du ciel, une histoire d’insuffisances, de raconter le drame humain, de la mesure et de la démesure, de la force et de la faiblesse, de la vie et de la mort, dans monde partagé et pour cette raison, énigmatique. Pourquoi et comment la philosophie est-elle parvenue à abolir l’impuissance humaine, à nous persuader que la vérité est non seulement possible, mais qu’elle constitue le fondement de l’existence ? Telle est la problématique qu’explore ce texte.
Le rôle des déceptions dans À la recherche du temps perdu de Marcel Proust. Autofiction, crise du sujet et montage identitaire
Authors: Carrier-Lafleur Thomas 
Published: August 2012

À la recherche du temps perdu raconte l’apprentissage du narrateur proustien, futur homme de lettres. Un parcours ponctué par d’innombrables déceptions pousse le héros vers le nihilisme. Ce sera ainsi jusqu’à la fin du Temps retrouvé. Cet enjeu des déceptions proustiennes sera d’abord étudié à travers le prisme de la formation littéraire du personnage, puis sous le signe de l’autofiction. C’est que les déceptions font tomber le narrateur dans une crise du sujet de laquelle il ne pourra sortir qu’en attribuant une nouvelle fonction de l’oeuvre littéraire, fonction qui sera nommée, quelques décennies plus tard, « autofiction ». Ce que l’on pourrait alors appeler « l’autofiction proustienne » pousse également l’auteur à user d’un autre concept que nous désignons par le terme de « montage identitaire », suivant une expression de Sophie-Jan Arrien et Jean-Pierre Sirois-Trahan, le « montage des identités », et à partir de la récente étude d’Anne Henry, La tentation de Marcel Proust.
Metal Foams with Graded Pore Size for Heat Transfer Applications
Authors: Zaragoza Gael , Goodall Russell 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOpen cell metal foams show great potential as a heat exchangers, due to their permeability to fluids and the high conductivity of the metallic network. In this study, aluminum foams were produced using the replication technique with NaCl, flour, and water used to create the preform. The samples included both uniform pore sizes and examples where different pore sizes were created in different parts of the sample. A bespoke rig was used to measure the thermal and fluid flow performance of the foams, and results for heat transfer coefficient are presented. It is also found that asymmetric behavior can be obtained when non‐uniform pore sizes are present; a factor that could be exploited in heat exchanger design.
The Role of Metal Hydroxide Complexes in Late Transition Metal‐Mediated Transmetalation Reaction: The Case of Gold
Authors: Dupuy Stéphanie , Crawford L. Ellis , Bühl Michael , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn gold chemistry, the hydroxide function on the metal center was observed to act as a potent transmetalation group facilitator when reacted with boronic acids leading to the exceedingly rapid formation of gold‐aryl bonds.
Asymmetric Counteranion‐Directed Iron Catalysis: A Highly Enantioselective Sulfoxidation
Authors: Liao Saihu , List Benjamin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA highly active and enantioselective ion‐pair sulfoxidation catalyst, consisting of an achiral iron(III)‐salen cation and a chiral phosphate counteranion, mediates the oxidization of various sulfides with high yields and enantioselectivities. The enantioselectivities observed, especially for electron‐poor substrates, represent the best results so far in manganese and iron‐salen systems. This work represents the first application of our concept of asymmetric counteranion‐directed catalysis (ACDC) to iron catalysis.
Synthesis of Aryl Carbamates via Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Halides with Potassium Cyanate
Authors: Yang Xinye , Zhang Yihua , Ma Dawei 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCoupling of aryl halides with potassium cyanate takes place at 100–110 °C in alcohols under the catalysis of CuI (cuprous iodide) and 2‐(2,6‐dimethylphenylamino)‐2‐oxoacetic acid, affording the corresponding aryl carbamates with great diversity.