bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological response during exercise is preserved in children exposed to a suboptimal gestational environment
Authors: Saidj Soraya , Ruchat Stephanie‐May , Henderson Mélanie , Tremblay Angelo , Mathieu Marie‐Eve 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated whether exposure to suboptimal gestational factors (SGFs) alters mechanical efficiency (ME) and substrate oxidation during rest and exercise in children as a mechanism contributing to obesity.MethodsData from the Quebec Adiposity and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth cohort were used. Children aged 8 to 10 years performed an incremental maximal cycling test with indirect calorimetry. Their ME was measured during submaximal and maximal effort. The substrate oxidation during rest and submaximal effort was also computed. ME and substrate oxidation results between children exposed to each SGF during pregnancy (gestational diabetes mellitus: n = 68; hypertensive disorders: n = 49; maternal smoking: n = 77) and nonexposed children (n = 370) were compared.ResultsNo difference was observed for ME during submaximal (F[3,540] = 0.46, p = 0.713) and maximal effort (F[3,545] = 0.86, p = 0.463) between exposed and nonexposed children. The percentage contributions of lipids and carbohydrates did not differ during rest (F[3,545] =1.68, p = 0.169) or submaximal exercise (F[3,544] = 0.31, p = 0.534) between exposed and nonexposed children.ConclusionsChildren exposed to investigated SGFs display a similar physiological response regarding ME and substrate oxidation during rest and exercise compared to nonexposed children. Future studies should confirm these novel results and continue investigating other research avenues to explain the higher risk of obesity in this population.
Age of obesity onset affects subcutaneous adipose tissue cellularity differently in the abdominal and femoral region
Authors: Murphy Jessica , Dera Abdulrahman , Morais José A. , Tsoukas Michael A. , Khor Natalie , Sazonova Taisiia , Almeida Lucas Guimarães , Cooke Alexandra B. , Daskalopoulou Stella S. , Tam Bjorn T. , Santosa Sylvia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to examine the effect of age of obesity onset, sex, and their interaction on abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) morphology (degree of adipocyte hyperplasia or hypertrophy).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we isolated adipocytes via collagenase digestion from abdominal and femoral SAT biopsies taken from male and female adults with childhood‐onset obesity (CO; n = 8 males, n = 16 females) or adult‐onset obesity (AO; n = 8 males, n = 13 females). Regional body composition was measured with dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and a single‐slice abdominal computed tomography scan. Mean adipocyte size was measured in abdominal and femoral SAT and was used to quantify morphology in android and gynoid subcutaneous fat, respectively.ResultsAbdominal SAT morphology was more hyperplastic in females with CO than females with AO (p = 0.004) but did not differ between males with CO and males with AO (p = 0.996). Conversely, femoral SAT morphology was more hypertrophic in males and females with CO than those with AO.ConclusionsAge of obesity onset appears to affect SAT morphology differently in the abdominal and femoral regions of male and female adults. Our findings challenge the notion that SAT is uniformly hyperplastic in CO and hypertrophic in AO.
Impact of Flap Size and Comorbidities on Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap Outcomes
Authors: Ruffin William , Gal Thomas J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveUse of the supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) in head and neck reconstruction has increased in recent years. Limited but improving experience among reconstructive surgeons with the procedure have exposed numerous issues associated with flap success. The objective of this study is to examine the role of flap size on viability.Study DesignRetrospective case series.SettingTertiary Academic Medical Center.MethodsReview of patients undergoing SCAIF reconstruction between January 2014 and March 2022 was performed. Flap failure was defined as >50% skin paddle loss. The total flap surface area was examined. Multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the association of other variables associated with flap failure.ResultsEighty‐nine supraclavicular island flaps were reviewed. Mean patient age was 63.2 ± 11.4 years. Fifty‐five (61.2%) were male. Forty‐five flaps (50.6%) were used for the reconstruction of defects of the skin of the neck/face. Twenty‐nine flaps (32.6%) were utilized for defects of the pharynx/oropharynx, and 15 (16.9%) were utilized for oral cavity defects. Flap success rate was 94% (73/89). Flap site was not associated with flap failure (P = .46). Flaps >25 cm2 were 75% more likely to be successful. Multivariable logistic regression to assess the association of flap size in the context of other co‐morbidities indicated flaps >25 cm2 were 3.6 times more likely to succeed regardless of co‐morbidities, and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a 7‐fold risk of flap failure (odds ratio: 7.3, 1.72‐30.98, P = .007).ConclusionAn association with improved flap outcomes and larger skin paddles was observed in this series. The applicability of these observations to smaller flaps and larger series with more surgeons requires further study. Co‐morbidities, particularly, COPD, continue to impact flap outcomes.
Recent advances to engineer tough basalt fiber reinforced composites: A review
Authors: Chen Changjie , Ding Yi , Wang Xinhou , Bao Limin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBasalt fibers, known as “green materials without pollution in the 21st century”, have gained widespread attention due to its good mechanical properties. Basalt fiber‐based composites have applications in various fields such as construction, transportation, energy, and protection. However, as an inorganic fiber material, basalt fiber is hard and brittle and prone to catastrophic failure, reducing the safety of the material. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the toughness of basalt fiber‐based composites. This paper reviews the contributions made by researchers in recent years to enhance the toughness of basalt fiber reinforced composites. It mainly focuses on four aspects: physical and chemical modification of fibers surface, mixed application of multiple fibers, different textile and 3D printing technology, and design of biomimetic structures. Through these methods, the toughness of basalt fiber‐reinforced composite materials was increased by 10%–90%. In today's advocacy for green industrial development, the research and application of basalt fibers are very important for advancing the process of green development. These contributions can promote the application of basalt fiber in engineering fields.Highlights
Basalt fiber is a green material without pollution.
Basalt fiber reinforced composites is the key material for engineering field.
Strengthening interfacial adhesion can significantly improve the toughness of composites.
Basalt fibers can serve as an alternative to glass fibers in composite materials.
The hybridization of basalt fibers with soft fibers can effectively enhance the toughness of composites.
Kenaf/glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composites: Pioneering sustainable materials with enhanced mechanical and tribological properties
Authors: Supian A. B. M. , Asyraf M. R. M. , Syamsir Agusril , Ma Quanjin , Hazrati K. Z. , Azlin M. N. M. , Mubarak Ali M. , Ghani Aizat , Hua Lee Seng , SaifulAzry Syeed , Razman M. R. , Ramli Zuliskandar , Nurazzi N. M. , Norrrahim M. N. F. , Thiagamani Senthil Muthu Kumar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHybrid kenaf/glass fiber reinforced polymer composites have emerged as promising structural materials, garnering significant attention due to their unique blend of natural kenaf fibers and synthetic glass fibers. However, despite their potential, there remains a gap in the comprehensive understanding of their quasi‐static mechanical behavior, creep resistance, and fatigue performance. This paper addresses this gap by presenting recent advancements in studying these key properties of hybrid composites. Studies reveal that the combination of kenaf and glass fibers results in enhanced tensile, flexural, and impact strengths compared to individual fiber composites. Additionally, the hybridization offers improved creep resistance, with the glass fibers reinforcing the polymer matrix against deformation under sustained loads. Furthermore, investigations into fatigue properties demonstrate the resilience of hybrid composites to cyclic loading, contributing to prolonged service life in high‐stress environments. By elucidating the interplay between kenaf and glass fibers, this review underscores the potential of hybrid composites in various structural applications. The synergistic effects between natural and synthetic fibers offer a balance between sustainability, performance, and durability, making hybrid kenaf/glass fiber reinforced polymer composites a compelling choice for industries seeking lightweight, high‐performance materials in which aligns with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) especially on Goal 12.Highlights
In composite engineering, combining glass and kenaf fibers could cut production costs, yield high‐performance materials, and promote green technology.
Substituting part of the glass fiber with kenaf can enhance the strength‐to‐weight ratio and promote greater biodegradability in current synthetic composites.
Quasi‐mechanical properties of hybrid kenaf/glass‐based composites was enhanced by optimal stacking sequences, filler addition, and fiber treatment.
Failures due to fatigue and creep can be reduced by hybridizing kenaf/glass fiber composites can prevent in polymer composite due to enhance elastic modulus.
Enhanced tribological performance of hybrid kenaf/glass‐based composites due to less damage in microstructure via good interlocking of kenaf and glass in matrix.
Study of tensile‐tensile fatigue behavior of patch repaired carbon‐glass hybrid composite
Authors: Sahoo Chinmaya Kumar , Arockiarajan A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAside from the numerous benefits of fiber‐reinforced composites, these materials are prone to impact damage, reducing structure's strength and stiffness. In this case, composite repair offers a unique and cost‐effective alternative for restoring structural integrity. In this work, post‐repair performance of the carbon‐glass hybrid composite is investigated in tensile‐tensile fatigue loading environments. To analyze repair performance, two distinct parent configurations (H1:G2C4G2 and H2: C2G4C2) and four patch configurations (Repaired1: CG3, Repaired2: C2G2, and Repaired3: C3G, Repaired4: G4) are considered. The digital image correlation approach and acoustic emission sensors are used to examine the specimens' damage behavior. First, fatigue tests are performed for drilled specimens, the H2 specimen dissipate more energy during fatigue cycles than the drilled H1 specimen due to the early damage initiation in the H2 specimen. The repaired specimens with the parent H1 laminate performed better than the parent H2 laminate. The Repaired4 configuration with H1 parent laminate sustained 300% higher cycles than the drilled H1 without final failure, which showed the highest fatigue life among all the repaired configurations. Patches with fewer glass plies outperformed all hybrid patches. The damage events recorded by acoustic emission sensors indicate that delamination damage considerably impacts fatigue life.Highlights
Post‐repair fatigue behavior of carbon‐glass hybrid composite was examined.
Effect of parent laminate stacking sequence and patch configuration was studied.
Fatigue performance was analyzed using the damage mode and energy loss factor.
Digital image correlation technique and acoustic emission sensors were utilized.
Delamination damage showed a higher impact on the fatigue life of the sample.
H2O2 Self‐Supplied Chemodynamic Nanosystem Enhanced by Ca2+ Interference and Starvation Strategy for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Shi Lei , Ma Yao‐Jia , Ren Xing‐Hui , Su Zheng‐Chen , He Xi‐Wen , Li Wen‐You , Zhang Yu‐Kui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChemodynamic therapy (CDT) has received increasing attention in recent years due to its effectiveness and specificity. However, the limited endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and resistance to reactive oxygen species in cancer cells hinder the further application of CDT. Here, an H2O2 self‐supplied nanosystem FCaO2@ZIF‐67‐2‐DG‐FA (FZDF) is synthesized to achieve efficient CDT improvement by Ca2+ overload and starvation therapy. Under folic acid‐mediated tumor targeting and endocytosis, the ZIF‐67 layer of FZDF is cleaved in the mildly acidic environment, releasing Co2+ and 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2‐DG). The decomposition of exposed FCaO2 generates sufficient H2O2, which further produces abundant •OH via the Fenton‐like reaction of Co2+. Simultaneously, Ca2+ overload‐triggered mitochondrial dysfunction couples with glycolysis inhibition via 2‐DG‐induced starvation, which disrupts intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and amplifies the efficacy of CDT. Silicon nanoparticles released from FCaO2 are applied as in vitro fluorescent probes to image tumor cells overexpressing folate receptors. The results have presented that FZDF can actively accumulate in tumor cells, causing the mitochondrial membrane potential abnormality and a decrease in intracellular ATP content, thereby enhancing the self‐supplied CDT with less effect on normal cells and tissues. This work provides a novel strategy for constructing effective CDT nanosystems by hindering intracellular energy supply.
Oedematous malnutrition among admitted low birth weight neonates receiving parenteral feeding in selected hospitals in Ethiopia
Authors: Mislu Esuyawkal , Terefe Abraraw 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundOedematous malnutrition is a severe form of malnutrition characterized by generalized swelling, fluid retention and nutritional deficiencies, which affects preterm and low‐birth‐weight (LBW) infants significantly. However, there is limited data among LBW neonates in low‐income countries.ObjectiveTo identify the prevalence and factors associated with oedematous malnutrition among LBW neonates receiving parenteral feeding in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of public hospitals in Addis Ababa City.MethodsAn institution‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted from March to June 2022. A multistage sampling technique was utilized to select samples, and a pretested questionnaire and checklist were used to collect the data. Bi‐variable and multivariable logistic regression were done to identify factors associated with oedematous malnutrition. Statistical significance was declared at a p‐value less than 0.05.ResultTwo hundred eighty‐nine LBW neonates receiving parenteral feeding were evaluated for oedematous malnutrition, of which 27 (9.34%) neonates developed it. Gestational age less than 32 weeks (adjusted odd ratios [AOR]: 6.74 95% CI: 1.456−31.27) and above 37 weeks (AOR: 12.36 95% CI: 1.44−105.69), thrombocytopenia (AOR: 4.208 95% CI: 1.12−15.78), receiving parenteral feeding for 7−14 days (AOR: 8.61 95% CI: 1.33−55.52) and more than 14 days (AOR: 21.10 95% CI: 2.89−153.94) were significantly associated with oedematous malnutrition.ConclusionThis study identified that a significant number of neonates developed oedematous malnutrition, and gestational age, thrombocytopenia and length of admission had a significant association with oedematous malnutrition among LBW neonates. It is crucial to reevaluate the quality of care in the NICU and implement an improvement project to decrease the length of parenteral feedings.
Breastfeeding mothers' awareness and experience of using the breastfeeding memory aide CHINS: An exploratory descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Shotton Lynette , Collins Tracy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundBreastfeeding has immediate and long‐term benefits for both mother and child, but many mothers feel unprepared for the challenges of early breastfeeding. The first letter mnemonic, close, head free, nose to nipllie, in‐line, sustainable (CHINS) was developed as a tool to help practitioners remember retain and recall the principles of positioning for effective breastfeeding and a UK‐wide evaluation shows it is used widely within the UK breastfeeding workforce. This study sought to understand the extent to which breastfeeding mothers were aware of CHINS and their experience of using it to support their breastfeeding.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative research design was used to describe and interpret the findings of individual interviews with 11 breastfeeding mothers from across the United Kingdom who were recruited via a digital flier shared via social media and breastfeeding networks. The interviews were analysed thematically.ResultsAwareness and perception of CHINS, Timing of introduction to CHINS, and Sharing CHINS were the key themes to emerge, with an overarching core theme—The Right Advice at the Right Time. All the participants in the study were aware of CHINS and found it particularly helpful during the early stages of breastfeeding. Some participants reported that others, including fathers and peers, were aware of CHINS and had used it to support breastfeeding mothers. The participants felt support for breastfeeding was variable and that it was important to ensure that the right advice was given at the right time.ConclusionThis study included a small number of breastfeeding mothers from across the United Kingdom and whilst there were high levels of awareness and perceived value of CHINS, a larger study would be warranted to explore the value of CHINS in more depth as well as to understand the role of CHINS in the wider education of peers and significant others, including fathers.
Room temperature phosphorescence materials based on small organic molecules: Design strategies and applications
Authors: He Meixia , Ding Cong , Guo Hexiang , Li Quan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRoom‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have attracted significant attention due to their applications in various fields such as information storage and encryption, organic light‐emitting diode (OLED), sensing, lighting and display, biological imaging, and photodynamic therapy. Traditionally, RTP materials can be efficiently developed using inorganic systems with noble metals or rare earth elements. Recently, many efforts have been devoted to the development of RTP materials based on small organic molecules. The strategies to construct RTP materials include hydrogen bonding, heavy atom effect, n–π* transitions, π–π stacking, donor–acceptor effect, and host–guest doping. Herein, we summarize the recent examples of RTP materials based on small organic molecules primarily focusing on their design strategies and properties. Moreover, their promising applications in information encryption, OLED, as well as bio‐imaging and phototherapy are discussed. The challenges and perspectives are given to provide inspiration toward the future development of organic RTP materials.
Psychopathology symptoms of frontline nurses under sudden public health crisis: A network analysis
Authors: Dong Mengyuan , Zhang Xuan , Cao Fenglin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPublic health crises can significantly impact the emotional well‐being of healthcare workers. Network analysis is a novel approach to exploring interactions between mental disorders at the symptom level. This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms network among frontline nurses under sudden public health crisis. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted online among 556 frontline nurses through convenience sampling in Hubei Province, China, from 21 February 2020, to 10 March 2020. Symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, depression, and insomnia were assessed by the Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL‐5), Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD‐7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) and Insomnia Severity Index, respectively. Central symptoms (the most important symptoms, activation has the strongest influence the other nodes) and bridge symptoms (nodes where deactivation can prevent activation from spreading from one disorder to another) were identified via centrality and bridge centrality indices, respectively. Network stability was examined using the case‐dropping procedure. We found that the correlation between PHQ‐9 item 9 ‘suicidal thoughts’ and PCL‐5 item 16 ‘reckless or self‐destructive behaviour’ was the strongest. Moreover, ‘reckless or self‐destructive behaviour’ was the strongest central symptom, and PHQ‐9 item 3 ‘sleep problems’ was the most important bridge symptom. Other major symptoms included GAD‐7 item 6 ‘uncontrollable anxiety’ and PHQ‐9 item 2 ‘depressed or sad mood’. Timely, systemic targeting interventions on central symptoms and bridge symptoms may effectively alleviate co‐occurring experiences of psychopathological symptoms among frontline nurses.
Boron‐Doped Ti3C2Tx MXene for Effective and Durable High‐Current‐Density Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Luo Xia , Wu Yeyu , Hu Huihui , Wei Tianran , Wu Baoshan , Ding Junyang , Liu Qian , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) synthesis via the nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) offers a competitive strategy for nitrogen cycling and carbon neutrality; however, this is hindered by the poor NO3RR performance under high current density. Herein, it is shown that boron‐doped Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets can highly efficiently catalyze the conversion of NO3RR‐to‐NH3 at ambient conditions, showing a maximal NH3 Faradic efficiency of 91% with a peak yield rate of 26.2 mgh−1 mgcat.−1, and robust durability over ten consecutive cycles, all of them are comparable to the best‐reported results and exceed those of pristine Ti3C2Tx MXene. More importantly, when tested in a flow cell, the designed catalyst delivers a current density of ‒1000 mA cm−2 at a low potential of ‒1.18 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode and maintains a high NH3 selectivity over a wide current density range. Besides, a Zn–nitrate battery with the catalyst as the cathode is assembled, which achieves a power density of 5.24 mW cm−2 and a yield rate of 1.15 mgh−1 mgcat.−1. Theoretical simulations further demonstrate that the boron dopants can optimize the adsorption and activation of NO3RR intermediates, and reduce the potential‐determining step barrier, thus leading to an enhanced NH3 selectivity.
Multi‐Component and Nanoporous Design toward RuO2‐Based Electrocatalyst with Enhanced Performance for Acidic Water Splitting
Authors: Wu Xin , Wu Jiashun , Hu Yixuan , Zhu Linshan , Cao Boxuan , Reddy Kolan Madhav , Wang Zhenbin , Qiu Hua‐Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping electrocatalysts with excellent activity and stability for water splitting in acidic media remains a formidable challenge due to the sluggish kinetics and severe dissolution. As a solution, a multi‐component doped RuO2 prepared through a process of dealloying‐annealing is presented. The resulting multi‐doped RuO2 possesses a nanoporous structure, ensuring a high utilization efficiency of Ru. Furthermore, the dopants can regulate the electronic structure, causing electron aggregation around unsaturated Ru sites, which mitigates Ru dissolution and significantly enhances the catalytic stability/activity. The representative catalyst (FeCoNiCrTi‐RuO2) shows an overpotential of 167 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 0.5 m H2SO4 solution with a Tafel slope of 53.1 mV dec−1, which is among the highest performance reported. Moreover, it remains stable for over 200 h at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. This work presents a promising approach for improving RuO2‐based electrocatalysts, offering a crucial advancement for electrochemical water splitting.