bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Cribriform Plate: Influences of Allometry, Function, and Phylogeny in Carnivora
Authors: Bird Deborah J. , Amirkhanian Arsineh , Pang Benison , Van Valkenburgh Blaire 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe small, perforated bony cup of the anterior cranial fossa called the cribriform plate (CP) is perhaps the best‐preserved remnant of olfactory anatomy in fossil mammal skulls. The CP and its myriad foramina record the passage of peripheral olfactory nerves from nasal cavity to olfactory bulb. Previous work has suggested that CP surface area reflects aspects of olfactory capacity (as inferred from habitat and observed behavior) in mammals. To further explore the utility of CP as a proxy for olfactory function, we designed novel, nondestructive digital methods to quantify CP morphology from dry skulls. Using CT scans and 3‐D imaging software, we quantified CP features from 42 species of Carnivora, a group that represents a wide spectrum of ecologies and sensory demands. Two metrics, CP surface area (CPSA) and cumulative CP foramina area (FXSA), scaled to skull length with negative allometry, and differed between aquatic and terrestrial species, with the former having reduced areas. Number of foramina (NF) was not correlated with skull length but tended to be greater in caniforms than feliforms. Both CPSA and FXSA are well correlated with ethmoturbinal surface area, a known osteological correlate of olfactory function. This suggests that CPSA and FXSA are useful proxies for olfactory ability, especially when studying fossils or skulls in which turbinals are not preserved. Total area of CP foramina (FXSA), an exacting measure of olfactory nerve endocasts, is tightly correlated with CPSA. Because of this, it may be desirable to use CPSA alone as a proxy given that it is easier to measure than FXSA.Anat Rec, 297:2080–2092, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Shrinking Anthropoid Nose, the Human Vomeronasal Organ, and the Language of Anatomical Reduction
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Laitman Jeffrey T. , Bhatnagar Kunwar P. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTHumans and most of our closest extant relatives, the anthropoids, are notable for their reduced “snout.” The striking reduction in facial projection is only a superficial similarity. All anthropoids, including those with long faces (e.g., baboons), have lost numerous internal projections (turbinals) and spaces (recesses). In sum, this equates to the loss of certain regions of olfactory mucosa in anthropoids. In addition, an accessory olfactory organ, the vomeronasal organ, is non‐functional or even absent in all catarrhine primates (humans, apes, monkeys). In this commentary, we revisit the concept of anatomical reductions as it pertains to the anthropoid nasal region. Certain nasal structures and spaces in anthropoids exhibit well‐known attributes of other known vestiges, such as variability in form or number. The cupular recess (a vestige of the olfactory recess) and some rudimentary ethmoturbinals constitute reduced structures that presumably were fully functional in our ancestors. Humans and at least some apes retain a vestige that is bereft of chemosensory function (while in catarrhine monkeys it is completely absent). However, the function of the vomeronasal system also includes prenatal roles, which may be common to most or all mammals. Notably, neurons migrate to the brain along vomeronasal and terminal nerve axons during embryogenesis. The time‐specific role of the VNO raises the possibility that our concept of functional reduction is too static. The vomeronasal system of humans and other catarrhine primates appears to qualify as a “chronological” vestige, one which fulfills part of its function during ontogeny, and then becomes lost or vestigial. Anat Rec, 297:2196–2204, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Networked Estimation of Multi‐Agent Systems Subject to Faults and Unreliable Information
Authors: Azizi S. M. , Khorasani K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this paper, a novel framework for networked estimation of multi‐agent systems subject to presence of actuator faults is proposed. This framework is developed based on the notion of sub‐observers where within a group of sub‐observers each sub‐observer estimates certain states that are conditioned on a given input, output, and other state information. We model the overall estimation process by a weighted estimation (WE) digraph. By selecting an appropriate path in the WE digraph, an assigned supervisor can select and configure a set of sub‐observers to successfully estimate all the system states. In the presence of large intermittent disturbances, noise, and faults certain sub‐observers may become invalid, and consequently the supervisor reconfigures the set of sub‐observers by selecting a new path in the estimation digraph such that the impacts of these uncertainties are confined to only the local estimators. This will prevent the propagation of uncertainties on the estimation performance of the entire multi‐agent system. Simulation results provided for a five satellite formation flight system in deep space confirm the validity and applicability of our proposed analytical work.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure alters osteoblast gene expression and craniofacial development in mice
Authors: Cray James J. , Weinberg Seth M. , Parsons Trish E. , Howie R. Nicole , Elsalanty Mohammed , Yu Jack C. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use in pregnancy has been linked to craniofacial birth defects. Little is known about the effects of serotonin or SSRIs on craniofacial development. Here, we provide evidence that citalopram (SSRI) alters the osteogenic profile of murine calvarial cells and leads to craniofacial dysmorphology.MethodsWe used mouse calvarial pre‐osteoblast cells (MC3T3‐E1) to study the biochemical profile (microarray and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions) after treatment with a titrated dose of citalopram. We used C57BL‐6 wild‐type breeders to produce litters treated with a clinical dose of citalopram during the third trimester of pregnancy. We used micro‐computed tomography and morphometric measures to determine effects on craniofacial development.ResultsControls included untreated cells and age matched untreated litters. We observed decreases in proliferation and increases in alkaline phosphatase activity after citalopram exposure. We confirmed altered expression of genes linked to osteogenesis including Ocn and significant increase in expression of Alp after 7 days of treatment. Our data suggest altered expression of several genes related to craniofacial development (Fgf2, Fgfr2, Tgfβr2 Irs1, Igf1) and statistically significant changes in expression for (Col2a1, Gdf6, Hmox1, and Notch1). We also observed changes in regulation of the serotonin pathway (Sert, Tph1, Tph2, Htr2a, Lrp5) after treatment with citalopram. After in utero exposure to citalopram, mice displayed shorter narrow snouts, more globular skulls and several craniofacial anomalies.ConclusionOur results provide confirmatory evidence that citalopram exposure is associated with cellular and morphological alterations of the craniofacial complex, which may have important implications for use during pregnancy. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:912–923, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Customer's perceived value of waiting time for service events
Authors: Lin Yu‐Tse , Xia Kang‐Ning , Bei Lien‐Ti 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe authors address the effects of money gain and loss on individually perceived value as predicted by prospect theory in a time gain‐and‐loss context. Three experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 results support the prospect theory concept of value function. According to Experiment 2 results, the amount of money involved exerted different impacts on individual perceptions—specifically, study participants preferred gaining $1 on one occasion to gaining 50 cents over two occasions and preferred losing $1 one time to losing 50 cents twice. Further, the combined results indicate that the study participants held different perceptions of the value of “short time” versus “little money”—that is, they preferred saving an extra 2 minutes on one occasion to saving 1 minute on two occasions and preferred waiting an extra 1 minute two times to waiting an extra 2 minutes one time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemistry, Properties, and in Vitro and in Vivo Applications of 2′‐O‐Methoxyethyl‐4′‐thioRNA, a Novel Hybrid Type of Chemically Modified RNA
Authors: Saito Yota , Hashimoto Yosuke , Arai Mai , Tarashima Noriko , Miyazawa Tadashi , Miki Kazuya , Takahashi Mayumi , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Yamazaki Naoshi , Matsuda Akira , Ishida Tatsuhiro , Minakawa Noriaki 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report the synthesis, properties, and in vitro and in vivo applications of 2′‐O‐methoxyethyl‐4′‐thioRNA (MOE‐SRNA), a novel type of hybrid chemically modified RNA. In its hybridization with complementary RNA, MOE‐SRNA showed a moderate improvement of Tm value (+3.4 °C relative to an RNA:RNA duplex). However, the results of a comprehensive comparison of the nuclease stability of MOE‐SRNA relative to 2′‐O‐methoxyethylRNA (MOERNA), 2′‐O‐methyl‐4′‐thioRNA (Me‐SRNA), 2′‐O‐methylRNA (MeRNA), 4′‐thioRNA (SRNA), and natural RNA revealed that MOE‐SRNA had the highest stability (t1/2>48 h in human plasma). Because of the favorable properties of MOE‐SRNA, we evaluated its in vitro and in vivo potencies as an anti‐microRNA oligonucleotide against miR‐21. Although the in vitro potency of MOE‐SRNA was moderate, its in vivo potency was significant for the suppression of tumor growth (similar to that of MOERNA).
New‐generation drug‐eluting stents reduce stent thrombosis and myocardial infarction: A propensity‐score‐adjusted analysis from the multicenter REAL registry (REgistro Regionale AngiopLastiche Dell'Emilia‐Romagna)
Authors: Vignali Luigi , Saia Francesco , Belotti Laura Maria Beatrice , Solinas Emilia , Guastaroba Paolo , Rubboli Andrea , Manari Antonio , Mehran Roxana , Ardissino Diego , De Palma Rossana 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare long‐term clinical outcomes in patients treated with new‐generation drug‐eluting stent (DES) or early‐generation DES in a real‐world registry.BackgroundNew‐generation DESs have proved to be more effective and safer than early‐generation DES in randomized trials. However, the effects of new‐generation DES versus early‐generation DES in everyday clinical practice deserve further verification.MethodsA propensity‐score and inverse‐probability weighted analysis of 5,332 patients undergoing DES implantation (2,557 new‐generation and 2,775 early‐generation) between January 1, 2007 and June 30, 2011 was performed, with a median follow‐up of 3 years. We assessed the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: all‐cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI], and target vessel revascularization [TVR]), and angiographic stent thrombosis (ST) during follow‐up.ResultsAt 3‐years, new‐generation DES in comparison with early‐generation DES were associated with a reduced risk of MI (5% versus 7.4%, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.51–0.82, P = 0.0004) and angiographic ST (0.5% vs. 1.1%, HR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.17–0.72, P = 0.004), whereas, the risk of TVR (10.9% vs. 13.5%; HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.84–1.16, P = 0.99) and overall MACE was not significantly different (19.2% vs. 22.4%, HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.83–1.07, P = 0.35).ConclusionsOur data from a large all‐comers multicenter registry confirm that, in comparison with early‐generation DES, the use of new‐generation DES is associated with similar efficacy and increased long‐term safety, because of a reduced risk of ST and MI. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a thermodynamic identification tool for CO2 capture by chemical absorption
Authors: Biget Anthony , Neveux Thibaut , Corriou Jean‐Pierre , Le Moullec Yann 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe extended UNIQUAC model has been used for the representation of the thermodynamic behaviour of CO2 absorption in aqueous amine solutions. Based on available experimental data, an identification methodology has been developed to fit the extended‐UNIQUAC model parameters. In the scope of providing a robust methodology, a combination of two successive optimization methods has been chosen: a genetic algorithm and a quasi‐Newton method. The first quasi‐global method allows to screen the entire search space without a precise initialization, and provides an approximate solution which is then refined by the second local method.The developed multi‐step regression strategy has been successfully applied to the H2O‐ monoethanolamine(MEA)‐CO2 system. The model gives a good agreement with the experimental vapour‐liquid equilibria for CO2 partial pressures and total pressures for all MEA concentrations and for a wide range of temperature with an average absolute relative deviation of around 20 %. Furthermore, the model predicts accurately literature data on excess enthalpy and bubble point of the system.This identification procedure has been successfully extended on several ternary H2O‐amine‐CO2 solvent systems such as methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol (AMP).The wide variety of operating configurations and solvent types used and presented in this work proves the robustness and the efficiency of the developed identification method.
One step toward bridging the gap between theory and practice in moldable task scheduling with precedence constraints
Authors: Hunold Sascha 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBecause of the increasing number of cores of current parallel machines and the growing need for a concurrent execution of tasks, the problem of parallel task scheduling is more relevant than ever, especially under the moldable task model, in which tasks are allocated to a fixed number of processors before execution. Much research has been conducted to develop efficient scheduling algorithms for moldable tasks, both in theory and practice. The problem is that theoretical and practical approaches expose shortcomings, for example, many approximation algorithms only guarantee bounds under assumptions, which are unrealistic in practice, or most heuristics have not been rigorously compared with competing approximation algorithms. In particular, it is often assumed that the speedup function of moldable tasks is either non‐decreasing, sub‐linear, or concave. In practice, however, the resulting speedup of parallel programs on current hardware with deep memory hierarchies is most often neither non‐decreasing nor concave. We present a new algorithm for the problem of scheduling moldable tasks with precedence constraints for the makespan objective and for arbitrary speedup functions. We show through simulation that the algorithm not only creates competitive schedules for moldable tasks with arbitrary speedup functions but also outperforms other published heuristics and approximation algorithms for non‐decreasing speedup functions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptation of fluid model EULAG to graphics processing unit architecture
Authors: Rojek Krzysztof Andrzej , Ciznicki Milosz , Rosa Bogdan , Kopta Piotr , Kulczewski Michal , Kurowski Krzysztof , Piotrowski Zbigniew Pawel , Szustak Lukasz , Wojcik Damian Karol , Wyrzykowski Roman 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe goal of this study is to adapt the multiscale fluid solver EULerian or LAGrangian framewrok (EULAG) to future graphics processing units (GPU) platforms. The EULAG model has the proven record of successful applications, and excellent efficiency and scalability on conventional supercomputer architectures. Currently, the model is being implemented as the new dynamical core of the COSMO weather prediction framework. Within this study, two main modules of EULAG, namely the multidimensional positive definite advection transport algorithm (MPDATA) and the variational generalized conjugate residual, elliptic pressure solver Generalized Conjugate Residual (GCR) are analyzed and optimized. In this paper, a method is proposed, which ensures a comprehensive analysis of the resource consumption including registers, shared, and global memories. This method allows us to identify bottlenecks of the algorithm, including data transfers between host and global memory, global and shared memories, as well as GPU occupancy. We put the emphasis on providing a fixed memory access pattern, padding as well as organizing computation in the MPDATA algorithm. The testing and validation of the new GPU implementation have been carried out based on modeling decaying turbulence of a homogeneous incompressible fluid in a triply‐periodic cube. Simulations performed using the standard version of EULAG and its new GPU implementation give similar solutions. Preliminary results show a promising increase in terms of computational efficiency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic connectivity among swarming sites in the wide ranging and recently declining little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus)
Authors: Burns Lynne E. , Frasier Timothy R. , Broders Hugh G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCharacterizing movement dynamics and spatial aspects of gene flow within a species permits inference on population structuring. As patterns of structuring are products of historical and current demographics and gene flow, assessment of structure through time can yield an understanding of evolutionary dynamics acting on populations that are necessary to inform management. Recent dramatic population declines in hibernating bats in eastern North America from white‐nose syndrome have prompted the need for information on movement dynamics for multiple bat species. We characterized population genetic structure of the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus, at swarming sites in southeastern Canada using 9 nuclear microsatellites and a 292‐bp region of the mitochondrial genome. Analyses of FST, ΦST, and Bayesian clustering (STRUCTURE) found weak levels of genetic structure among swarming sites for the nuclear and mitochondrial genome (Global FST = 0.001, P < 0.05, Global ΦST = 0.045, P < 0.01, STRUCTURE K = 1) suggesting high contemporary gene flow. Hierarchical AMOVA also suggests little structuring at a regional (provincial) level. Metrics of nuclear genetic structure were not found to differ between males and females suggesting weak asymmetries in gene flow between the sexes. However, a greater degree of mitochondrial structuring does support male‐biased dispersal long term. Demographic analyses were consistent with past population growth and suggest a population expansion occurred from approximately 1250 to 12,500 BP, following Pleistocene deglaciation in the region. Our study suggests high gene flow and thus a high degree of connectivity among bats that visit swarming sites whereby mainland areas of the region may be best considered as one large gene pool for management and conservation.
Seleno‐Nucleobases and Their Water‐Soluble Ruthenium–Arene Half‐Sandwich Complexes: Chemistry and Biological Activity
Authors: Mitra Raja , Pramanik Anup K. , Samuelson Ashoka G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHalf‐sandwich organometallic ruthenium complexes of seleno‐nucleobases, 3 and 4, were synthesized and characterized. The structures of both complexes were determined by X‐ray crystallography and are the first crystal structures of ruthenium complexes with seleno‐nucleobases. Interestingly, 3 self‐assembles aided by adventitious water in DMF to give a tetranuclear square 3a·6H2O. Complex 4 is active against Jurkat and Molt‐4 cell lines but inactive against the K562 cell line, whereas 3 is completely inactive against all three cell lines. The free ligand 6‐selenopurine (1) and 6‐selenoguanine (2) are highly active against these cell lines. Compound 2, like its thio analogue, is unstable under UVA light, whereas 4 is stable under similar conditions, which suggests that the ruthenium complex could reduce problems associated with the instability of the free ligand, 2, under irradiation.
Numerical simulation of 3D free surface flows, with multiple incompressible immiscible phases. Applications to impulse waves
Authors: James N. , Boyaval S. , Caboussat A. , Picasso M. 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYA numerical method for the solution to the density‐dependent incompressible Navier–Stokes equations modeling the flow of N immiscible incompressible liquid phases with a free surface is proposed. It allows to model the flow of an arbitrary number of liquid phases together with an additional vacuum phase separated with a free surface. It is based on a volume‐of‐fluid approach involving N indicator functions (one per phase, identified by its density) that guarantees mass conservation within each phase. An additional indicator function for the whole liquid domain allows to treat boundary conditions at the interface between the liquid domain and a vacuum. The system of partial differential equations is solved by implicit operator splitting at each time step: first, transport equations are solved by a forward characteristics method on a fine Cartesian grid to predict the new location of each liquid phase; second, a generalized Stokes problem with a density‐dependent viscosity is solved with a FEM on a coarser mesh of the liquid domain. A novel algorithm ensuring the maximum principle and limiting the numerical diffusion for the transport of the N phases is validated on benchmark flows. Then, we focus on a novel application and compare the numerical and physical simulations of impulse waves, that is, waves generated at the free surface of a water basin initially at rest after the impact of a denser phase. A particularly useful application in hydraulic engineering is to predict the effects of a landslide‐generated impulse wave in a reservoir. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivariate decoding of cerebral blood flow measures in a clinical model of on‐going postsurgical pain
Authors: O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Marquand Andre , Hodkinson Duncan J. , Krause Kristina , Khawaja Nadine , Renton Tara F. , Huggins John P. , Vennart William , Williams Steven C.R. , Howard Matthew A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRecent reports of multivariate machine learning (ML) techniques have highlighted their potential use to detect prognostic and diagnostic markers of pain. However, applications to date have focussed on acute experimental nociceptive stimuli rather than clinically relevant pain states. These reports have coincided with others describing the application of arterial spin labeling (ASL) to detect changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with on‐going clinical pain. We combined these acquisition and analysis methodologies in a well‐characterized postsurgical pain model. The principal aims were (1) to assess the classification accuracy of rCBF indices acquired prior to and following surgical intervention and (2) to optimise the amount of data required to maintain accurate classification. Twenty male volunteers, requiring bilateral, lower jaw third molar extraction (TME), underwent ASL examination prior to and following individual left and right TME, representing presurgical and postsurgical states, respectively. Six ASL time points were acquired at each exam. Each ASL image was preceded by visual analogue scale assessments of alertness and subjective pain experiences. Using all data from all sessions, an independent Gaussian Process binary classifier successfully discriminated postsurgical from presurgical states with 94.73% accuracy; over 80% accuracy could be achieved using half of the data (equivalent to 15 min scan time). This work demonstrates the concept and feasibility of time‐efficient, probabilistic prediction of clinically relevant pain at the individual level. We discuss the potential of ML techniques to impact on the search for novel approaches to diagnosis, management, and treatment to complement conventional patient self‐reporting. Hum Brain Mapp 36:633–642, 2015. © 2014 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.