bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'électromigration appliquée à la dépollution des sols: Le cas d'une pollution fluorée
Authors: Costarramone Nathalie , Pomes Véronique , Tellier Sylvaine , Grano Bruno , Lecomte Didier , Astruc Michel 
Published: June 2015

The aim of this study is to scale up the electrokinetic process. A methodology was then developed, in order to implement the adapted conditions for the fluorine polluted soil decontamination, by using an electromigration process. First, a laboratory experimental study was carried out in order to analyse the influence of different parameters (electrolyte type, soil granulometry, applied electrical potential). Then other studies have been performed, using three scales (0.8, 20 and 1500 litres) to observe the impact of the scale up on the removed fluorine amount, treatment time and the energy consumption parameters.
L'objectif de l'étude est l'application du procédé électrocinétique à l'échelle d'un pilote. Ainsi, une méthodologie est développée afin de définir et de mettre en œuvre des conditions adaptées à la décontamination d'un sol pollué en fluor par la technique d'électromigration. Tout d'abord, une étude expérimentale est réalisée à l'échelle du laboratoire, afin d'analyser préalablement le rôle de différents paramètres (nature de l'électrolyte utilisé, granulométrie du sol, gradient de potentiel imposé). Puis, des travaux sont réalisés avec les conditions prédéfinies, sur trois échelles différentes (0,8 et 20 litres ainsi que 1,5 m3), afin de mettre en évidence l'impact du changement d'échelle sur les paramètres : quantité de fluor récupérée, durée de traitement, consommation énergétique plus particulièrement.
Environnement et technico-économie des procédés industriels: Partie 2 : la rareté des ressources
Authors: Le Goff Pierre , Labidi Jalel 
Published: June 2015

The rarity of energy reserves is shown to be a very relative criterion, which depends on the exploitation cost of the energy sources. An “ecological” price of energy is defined, which is about two to three times the present price, and which corresponds to the exploitation, without limits, of the renewable energy sources. The natural provision of ten chemical elements will be exhausted during the coming 50 years. The raw materials for the industries will come essentially from the recycled human scraps.
La « rareté » des réserves d'énergie est un critère très relatif qui dépend du coût d'exploitation des sources d'énergie. On définit un prix « écologique » de l'énergie (égal à environ 2 à 3 fois le prix actuel), correspondant à l'exploitation, sans limite, de sources d'énergies renouvelables. Les réserves de minerais naturels d'une dizaine des principaux éléments chimiques seront épuisées dans moins de 50 ans. Les matières premières de l'industrie proviendront alors principalement du recyclage des déchets des diverses activités humaines.
Évaluation environnementale du degré de centralisation d'installations de méthanisation de déchets organiques ménagers
Authors: Membrez Yves , Glauser Michel , Lmer Jean-Michel 
Published: June 2015

The purpose of the study is to evaluate, from an environmental viewpoint, the influence of the centralization of the methanization installations which are needed to eliminate the organic waste produced by the population of a given region. Four scenarios of methanization organization are studied for the canton of Vaud, Switzerland (pop. 600,000) in the domains of waste collection, transport, treatment and use for agriculture. The method used is the « ecopoint method », where « ecofactors » are established, which take into account the current impact on the environment, and the critical value of this impact that would cause environ mental perturbation.
L'étude est destinée à évaluer, du point de vue de l'environnement, l'influence de la centralisation des installations de méthanisation nécessaires à la digestion des déchets organiques produits par les habitants d'une région. Quatre scénarios d'organisation du traitement sont étudiés sur un canton suisse (Vaud, 600 000 habitants) dans les domaines de la collecte des déchets, de leur transport, de leur méthanisation et de leur valorisation agricole. La méthode employée est celle dite des « écopoints » qui établit des « écofacteurs » tenant compte de la charge actuelle de l'environnement et de la charge critique qui le perturberait.
Les animateurs de collectes sélectives: Partie 2 : autres points d'appui ; complémentarité et concurrences
Authors: Bertolini Gérard 
Published: June 2015

The creation of new jobs for young people in the frame of the development of separate collections of households refuse lets appear possible complementarity but (at the reverse) areas of competition with other actors, depending on the tasks and the local context. Another task is source reduction, i.e. home composting. From a more general viewpoint, the dynamics to organize is a matter of social engineering.
Les tâches nouvelles susceptibles d'être assurées par les emplois-jeunes dans le cadre du développement des collectes sélectives font apparaître, suivant les cas (suivant les fonctions précises et le contexte local), des complémentarités ainsi que des zones de concurrence possibles avec d'autres acteurs. D'autres fonctions ont trait à la réduction à la source, par exemple le compostage à domicile. D'une façon plus générale, la dynamique à organiser relève d'une véritable ingénierie sociale.
Evolução do desemprego feminino na região sul do Brasil: 2004 – 2008
Authors: Lima Débora Juliene Pereira , Silva Ana Márcia Rodrigues da 
Published: June 2015

Este trabalho descreve a evolução do desemprego feminino no Sul do país para os anos de 2004 e 2008 utilizando a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios – PNAD do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE como base de dados. Analisa os determinantes das mudanças ocorridas com relação ao desemprego de mulheres pobres e não pobres através de decomposições logarítmicas para municípios não auto representativos, municípios representativos e nas regiões metropolitanas. O estudo revelou que a evolução da participação de mulheres pobres no desemprego da região, ocorreu de maneira heterogênea: houve elevação nos municípios auto representativos, devido ao comportamento da PEA do grupo em relação à PEA da região e queda nos municípios não auto representativos e regiões metropolitanas em função da redução da taxa de desemprego do grupo com relação à taxa de desemprego da região. Com relação às mulheres não pobres, verificou-se um aumento da participação das mesmas no desemprego total em todos os municípios analisados o que foi impulsionado principalmente pela elevação da taxa de desemprego dessas mulheres em relação à taxa de desemprego da região.
Investigation of black and brown carbon multiple‐wavelength‐dependent light absorption from biomass and fossil fuel combustion source emissions
Authors: Olson Michael R. , Victoria Garcia Mercedes , Robinson Michael A. , Van Rooy Paul , Dietenberger Mark A. , Bergin Michael , Schauer James Jay 
Published: June 2015

AbstractQuantification of the black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) components of source emissions is critical to understanding the impact combustion aerosols have on atmospheric light absorption. Multiple‐wavelength absorption was measured from fuels including wood, agricultural biomass, coals, plant matter, and petroleum distillates in controlled combustion settings. Filter‐based absorption measurements were corrected and compared to photoacoustic absorption results. BC absorption was segregated from the total light extinction to estimate the BrC absorption from individual sources. Results were compared to elemental carbon (EC)/organic carbon (OC) concentrations to determine composition's impact on light absorption. Multiple‐wavelength absorption coefficients, Angstrom exponent (6.9 to <1.0), mass absorption cross section (MAC), and Delta C (97 µg m−3 to ~0 µg m−3) were highly variable. Sources such as incense and peat emissions showed ultraviolet wavelength (370 nm) BrC absorption over 175 and 80 times (respectively) the BC absorption but only 21 and 11 times (respectively) at 520 nm wavelength. The bulk EC MACEC, λ (average at 520 nm = 9.0 ± 3.7 m2 g−1; with OC fraction <0.85 = ~7.5 m2 g−1) and the BrC OC mass absorption cross sections (MACBrC,OC,λ) were calculated; at 370 nm ultraviolet wavelengths; the MACBrC,OC,λ ranged from 0.8 m2 g−1 to 2.29 m2 g−1 (lowest peat, highest kerosene), while at 520 nm wavelength MACBrC,OC,λ ranged from 0.07 m2 g−1 to 0.37 m2 g−1 (lowest peat, highest kerosene/incense mixture). These MAC results show that OC content can be an important contributor to light absorption when present in significant quantities (>0.9 OC/TC), source emissions have variable absorption spectra, and nonbiomass combustion sources can be significant contributors to BrC.
Magnetic field line lengths inside interplanetary magnetic flux ropes
Authors: Hu Qiang , Qiu Jiong , Krucker Sam 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe report on the detailed and systematic study of field line twist and length distributions within magnetic flux ropes embedded in interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). The Grad‐Shafranov reconstruction method is utilized together with a constant‐twist nonlinear force‐free (Gold‐Hoyle) flux rope model to reveal the close relation between the field line twist and length in cylindrical flux ropes, based on in situ Wind spacecraft measurements. We show that the field line twist distributions within interplanetary flux ropes are inconsistent with the Lundquist model. In particular, we utilize the unique measurements of magnetic field line lengths within selected ICME events as provided by Kahler et al. () based on energetic electron burst observations at 1 AU and the associated type III radio emissions detected by the Wind spacecraft. These direct measurements are compared with our model calculations to help assess the flux rope interpretation of the embedded magnetic structures. By using the different flux rope models, we show that the in situ direct measurements of field line lengths are consistent with a flux rope structure with spiral field lines of constant and low twist, largely different from that of the Lundquist model, especially for relatively large‐scale flux ropes.
Reusable and Removable Directing Groups for C(sp2)−H Bond Functionalization of Arenes
Authors: Yadav M. Ramu , Rit Raja K. , Shankar Majji , Sahoo Akhila K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis review highlights the importance of removable and reusable directing groups in C−H activation. The functionalization of unactivated sp2 C−H bonds assisted by removable directing groups is highlighted and summarized.
A one‐million‐year‐old hominid distal ulna from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Authors: Hlusko Leslea J. , Reiner Whitney B. , Njau Jackson K. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveOur aim was to recover new evidence of the evolution of the hominid lineage.MethodsWe undertook paleontological fieldwork at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, in one of the richest paleoanthropological sites in the world, documenting the evolution of our lineage and its environmental contexts over the last 2 million years.ResultsDuring field work in 2012, the Olduvai Vertebrate Paleontology Project discovered the distal end of a hominid ulna (OH 82) on the north side of Olduvai Gorge a few meters west of the Third Fault, eroding from Bed III sediments that are ∼1 million years in age.DiscussionThe size and morphology of this distal ulna falls within the normal range of variation seen in humans, although at the larger end of the distribution. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:36–42, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Folding Construction of a Pentacyclic Quadruply fused Polymer Topology with Tailored kyklo‐Telechelic Precursors
Authors: Heguri Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Takuya , Tezuka Yasuyuki 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA pentacyclic quadruply fused polymer topology has been constructed for the first time through alkyne–azide addition (click) and olefin metathesis (clip) reactions in conjunction with an electrostatic self‐assembly and covalent fixation (ESA‐CF) process. Thus, a spiro‐type, tandem tetracyclic poly(tetrahydrofuran), poly(THF), precursor having two allyloxy groups at the opposite positions of the four ring units was prepared by the click‐linking of one unit of an eight‐shaped precursor having alkyne groups at the opposite positions with two units of a single‐cyclic counterpart having an azide and an alkene group at the opposite positions. Both are obtainable through ESA‐CF. The subsequent metathesis clip‐folding of the tetracyclic precursor could afford a pentacyclic quadruply fused polymer product, of “shippo” form, in 19 % yield.
Insights into process–structure–property relationships of poly(ethylene terephthalate) industrial yarns by synchrotron radiation WAXD and SAXS
Authors: Liu Yatao , Yin Lixin , Zhao Huirong , Song Guangkun , Tang Fangming , Wang Lili , Shao Huili , Zhang Yaopeng 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTSynchrotron radiation wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) were performed to study the structures of four typical types of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) industrial yarns. Three‐dimensional structural models of the yarns and comprehensive insights into the process–structure–property relationships were gained. High spinning speed, low draw ratio, and high heat‐setting temperatures lead to HMLS yarns with high crystallinity, high amorphous orientation, densely packed lamellar stacks, and a small tilting angle of crystalline lamellae. High draw ratio tends to result in PET industrial yarns with large long period and a large tilting angle of lamellae. Heat‐setting process has a significant influence on the amorphous orientation and crystalline structures, such as crystallinity, crystallite size, as well as crystal grain number. Compared with other structure characteristics, amorphous orientation plays a more important role in determining the tenacity, initial modulus, part load elongation, ultimate elongation, as well as shrinkage of PET industrial yarns. The crystal grain number seems to have an effect on the initial modulus, while the long period influences the elongation of the yarns to some extent. In addition, the small tilting angle of crystalline lamellae may relate to the dimensional stability of PET yarns. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42512.
Two‐Photon Probes for Lysosomes and Mitochondria: Simultaneous Detection of Lysosomes and Mitochondria in Live Tissues by Dual‐Color Two‐Photon Microscopy Imaging
Authors: Lim Chang Su , Hong Seung Taek , Ryu Seong Shick , Kang Dong Eun , Cho Bong Rae 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNovel two‐photon (TP) probes were developed for lysosomes (PLT‐yellow) and mitochondria (BMT‐blue and PMT‐yellow). These probes emitted strong TP‐excited fluorescence in cells at widely separated wavelength regions and displayed high organelle selectivity, good cell permeability, low cytotoxicity, and pH insensitivity. The BMT‐blue and PLT‐yellow probes could be utilized to detect lysosomes and mitochondria simultaneously in live tissues by using dual‐color two‐photon microscopy, with minimum interference from each other.
Synthesis, drug release, and biological evaluation of new anticancer drug–bioconjugates containing somatostatin backbone cyclic analog as a targeting moiety
Authors: Redko Boris , Ragozin Elena , Andreii Bazylevich , Helena Tuchinsky , Amnon Albeck , Talia Shekhter Zahavi , Mor Oron‐Herman , Genady Kostenich , Gary Gellerman 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPeptide conjugates containing somatostatin (SST) cyclic analogs as a targeting moiety are able to deliver chemotherapeutic agents specifically to cancer cells expressing SST receptors (SSTRs), and hence increasing their local efficacy while limiting the peripheral toxicity. Here, we report on the synthesis and biochemical characterization of new SSTR‐specific anticancer peptide conjugates, with different anticancer payloads acting through different oncogenic mechanisms to evaluate their biological activities and to provide a comparative study of their drug release profiles. The SSTR2‐specific backbone cyclic peptide 3207‐86 was chosen for the synthesis of a variety of novel anticancer drug conjugates with a broad drug release capabilities. The N‐terminus of 3207‐86 was equipped with GABA to generate free amino group available for the conjugation of chlorambucil, Camptothecin (CPT), Combretastatin 4A, ABT‐751, and Amonafide through the formation of various biodegradable bonds. The chemo‐ and biostability/drug release of all the synthetic compounds was investigated at various pHs and in the presence of mouse liver homogenate, respectively. Their selective cytotoxic effect was evaluated on several human cancer cell lines that overexpress SSTR2. Compared with the free drugs, our peptide–drug conjugates exhibited considerable cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines versus low SSTR2‐expressed human embryonic kidney cells. Functional versatility of the conjugates was reflected in the variability of their drug release profiles, whereas the conserved sequence of a selective binding to the SSTR2 likely preserved their binding to the receptor and consequently their favorable toxicity toward targeted cancer cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 743–752, 2015.
The use of ‘Omics technology to rationally improve industrial mammalian cell line performance
Authors: Lewis Amanda M. , Abu‐Absi Nicholas R. , Borys Michael C. , Li Zheng Jian 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBiologics represent an increasingly important class of therapeutics, with 7 of the 10 top selling drugs from 2013 being in this class. Furthermore, health authority approval of biologics in the immuno‐oncology space is expected to transform treatment of patients with debilitating and deadly diseases. The growing importance of biologics in the healthcare field has also resulted in the recent approvals of several biosimilars. These recent developments, combined with pressure to provide treatments at lower costs to payers, are resulting in increasing need for the industry to quickly and efficiently develop high yielding, robust processes for the manufacture of biologics with the ability to control quality attributes within narrow distributions. Achieving this level of manufacturing efficiency and the ability to design processes capable of regulating growth, death and other cellular pathways through manipulation of media, feeding strategies, and other process parameters will undoubtedly be facilitated through systems biology tools generated in academic and public research communities. Here we discuss the intersection of systems biology, ‘Omics technologies, and mammalian bioprocess sciences. Specifically, we address how these methods in conjunction with traditional monitoring techniques represent a unique opportunity to better characterize and understand host cell culture state, shift from an empirical to rational approach to process development and optimization of bioreactor cultivation processes. We summarize the following six key areas: (i) research applied to parental, non‐recombinant cell lines; (ii) systems level datasets generated with recombinant cell lines; (iii) datasets linking phenotypic traits to relevant biomarkers; (iv) data depositories and bioinformatics tools; (v) in silico model development, and (vi) examples where these approaches have been used to rationally improve cellular processes. We critically assess relevant and state of the art research being conducted in academic, government and industrial laboratories. Furthermore, we apply our expertise in bioprocess to define a potential model for integration of these systems biology approaches into biologics development. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 26–38. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of active glycosylation‐deficient γ‐secretase complex for crystallization studies
Authors: López Andrés Ricardo , Dimitrov Mitko , Gerber Hermeto , Braman Virginie , Hacker David L. , Wurm Florian M. , Fraering Patrick C. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease (AD)‐associated γ‐secretase is a ubiquitously expressed multi‐subunit protease complex embedded in the lipid bilayer of cellular compartments including endosomes and the plasma membrane. Although γ‐secretase is of crucial interest for AD drug discovery, its atomic structure remains unresolved. γ‐Secretase assembly and maturation is a multistep process, which includes extensive glycosylation on nicastrin (NCT), the only γ‐secretase subunit having a large extracellular domain. These posttranslational modifications lead to protein heterogeneity that likely prevents the three‐dimensional (3D) crystallization of the protease complex. To overcome this issue, we have engineered a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line deficient in complex sugar modifications (CHO lec1) to overexpress the four subunits of γ‐secretase as a functional complex. We purified glycosylation‐deficient γ‐secretase from this recombinant cell line (CL1‐9) and fully glycosylated γ‐secretase from a recombinant CHO DG44‐derived cell line (SS20). We characterized both complexes biochemically and pharmacologically in vitro. Interestingly, we found that the complex oligosaccharides, which largely decorate the extracellular domain of fully glycosylated NCT, are not involved in the proper assembly and maturation of the complex, and are dispensable for the specific generation, in physiological ratios, of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage products. In conclusion, we propose a novel bioengineering approach for the production of functional glycosylation‐deficient γ‐secretase, which may be suitable for crystallization studies. We expect that these findings will contribute both to solving the high‐resolution 3D structure of γ‐secretase and to structure‐based drug discovery for AD. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2516–2526. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Stereochemical Course of the α‐Hydroxyphosphonate–Phosphate Rearrangement
Authors: Pallitsch Katharina , Roller Alexander , Hammerschmidt Friedrich 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe phosphonate–phosphate rearrangement is an isomerisation of α‐hydroxyphosphonates bearing electron‐withdrawing substituents at the α‐carbon atom. We studied the stereochemical course of this rearrangement with respect to phosphorus. A set of four diastereomeric α‐hydroxyphosphonates was prepared by a Pudovik reaction from two diastereomeric cyclic phosphites. The hydroxyphosphonates were separated and rearranged with Et3N as base. In analogy to trichlorphon, which was the first reported compound undergoing this rearrangement. All four hydroxyphosphonates could be rearranged to 2,2‐dichlorovinyl phosphates. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analyses of the α‐hydroxyphosphonates and the corresponding phosphates allowed us to show that the rearrangement proceeds with retention of configuration on the phosphorus atom.
A Highly Efficient Chirality Switchable Synthesis of Dihydropyran‐Fused Benzofurans by Fine‐Tuning the Phenolic Proton of β‐Isocupreidine (β‐ICD) Catalyst with Methyl
Authors: Wang Feng , Yang Chen , Xue Xiao‐Song , Li Xin , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA highly enantioselective β‐isocupreidine (β‐ICD) catalyzed synthesis of dihydropyran‐fused benzofurans through [4+2] cycloaddition of allenoates and benzofuranone alkenes was developed. Switchable chirality inversion of cycloaddition products was achieved by replacing the phenolic proton of the catalyst with a methyl, demonstrating an amazing effect of minimal structural variation on inverting enantioselectivity. DFT calculations were utilized to elucidate the origin of the observed phenomena. Computation also provided a clue for a rational design in which the multi‐hydrogen bond with the alcohol additive was found to improve the enantioselectivity of the cycloaddition. Finally, the substrate scope was examined, in which a number of functionalized dihydropyran‐fused benzofurans could be obtained in high yields (up to 97 %) with very good regio‐ (>20:1) and enantioselectivities (up to 98:2 e.r.).