bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of evolutionary units in European representatives of the crab genus Pilumnus
Authors: Schubart Christoph , Aichinger Bianca 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Bristle crabs of the genus Pilumnus (Brachyura: Heterotremata: Pilumnidae) are common inhabitants of European waters. They are easily identifiable as a genus, but with the exception of P. inermis, intrageneric classification turns out to be quite complex. There is no general agreement on the number and distinction of species. Therefore, this genus is well-suited for comparative molecular studies. Specimens of the Pilumnus hirtellus complex, here defined as including Pilumnus hirtellus, P. villosissimus, P. spinifer, P. aestuarii, and an undescribed species, were gathered from throughout the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean. DNA sequence data were obtained from the barcoding region of the cytochrome oxidase 1 mitochondrial gene and used for reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree and a haplotype network. The morphology of the gastric ossicles was compared in the search of separating characters. Our results give evidence for five genetic clusters within the P. hirtellus complex. There is negligible geographic variation within these clusters. Unambiguous mtDNA sequences within morphologically variable local populations argue against possible hybridization. The here encountered evolutionary units are relatively young and possibly allow to study ongoing processes of morphological, genetic, and ecological differentiation, leading to speciation and radiations in the coastal marine environment.
Afterword: Please Mind the Gap between Theatre and Philosophy
Authors: Puchner Martin 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT: The historical gulf and frequent antipathy between the practitioners of theatre and philosophy has been well documented. This article seeks to establish a framework for combining the two subjects that, rather than denying the gap between them, looks to that gap as a productive space. The first part of the article sketches a brief history of the engagement of the two disciplines, from Plato to contemporary academics, while noting that these successful engagements involve, not the erasure of the philosophical–theatrical boundary, but instead the deployment of one as a new lens through which to view the other. The article goes on to illustrate examples of the successful use of theatre in the work of several philosophers, then turns to thespians whose work productively engages philosophy. Each of these is considered, in turn, as an example of the practice of “minding the gap,” and the article calls for a continued interaction between theatre and philosophy that acknowledges their separation rather than trying to erase it.
Harold Pinter’sThe Homecomingand Postmodern Jewish Philosophy
Authors: Krasner David 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT:This article examines Harold Pinter’s The Homecoming through the lens of postmodern Jewish philosophy. Pinter’s drama engages with both Freudian psychoanalysis and Jewish ethics in its deployment of elements characteristic of Jewish philosophy and postmodernism. The article analyses examples of such elements in The Homecoming, including the coincidence of Pinteresque silences and the fragmentation of the subject, the distinctly Jewish emphasis on the material over the spiritual, the Freudian displacement evident in the characters’ power struggles, the corruption of the act of homecoming, and the relativistic ethics of Teddy’s actions.
On the Axiology of Theism: Reply to Klaas J. Kraay
Authors: Moser Paul K. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract: In “Method and Madness in Contemporary Analytic Philosophy of Religion” Klaas Kraay offers some methodological considerations that lead to a taxonomy and a larger research project for an axiology of theism. This reply identifies some crucial vagueness and ambiguity in the taxonomy and project, and makes three constructive recommendations for improving the project. It also illustrates how the removal of ambiguity can enable the project to proceed in a straightforward and compelling manner.
Inégalités de sécurité économique et aide à la famille dans l’Union européenne [La construction d’un indicateur de sécurité]
Authors: Menahem Georges , Cherilova Veneta 
Published: October 2013

Inequalities in economic security and family assistance in the European Union. Development of a security indicator.
Living in a rich country does not guarantee wellbeing. Everyone needs to have economic security, which means being protected from the risk of lacking resources. In this respect, there is more inequality amongst European Union countries with regard to the economic security that they guarantee their inhabitants than there is with regard to their wealth or life expectancy. The Netherlands provides their population with the best economic security : 1,8 times higher than the inhabitants in Greece in 2000. The three top countries in the north of Europe guarantee an average level of economic security 1,6 times higher than the three most underprivileged southern European countries, in this respect. Aid to families and the deprived greatly contribute to building economic security among populations and such assistance is twice as high in Denmark as in France and ten times higher than in Spain.
Le traitement politique de la maltraitance infantile
Authors: Vabre Frédéric 
Published: October 2013

The political handling of child abuse.
First highlighted by doctors, the issue of child abuse has finally become a social concern of primary importance. It has been the subject of public action under combined pressure from the media and specialist charities. This paper attempts to analyse the status of this issue in the political area. Almost absent from electoral campaigns, the theme of violence done to children remains on the whole confined to a minor position despite the strong emotions it can arise. The paradox may be explained by the difficulty of political parties in differentiating their doctrines and thus offering voters distinct answers in this matter. On a broader scale, there are current doubts about the fight against child abuse which make the field an exemplary case for current reconstitution in the field of social intervention.
The Uncoupling of Monocyte–Platelet Interactions from the Induction of Proinflammatory Signaling in Monocytes
Authors: Stephen Jillian , Emerson Barry , Fox Keith A. A. , Dransfield Ian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInduction of an inflammatory monocyte phenotype by activated platelets is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the early signaling events associated with this platelet-induced inflammatory phenotype. We report that coculture of human monocytes with activated platelets induces phosphorylation of Akt, together with rapid mobilization of intracellular Ca2+, and show that these signaling events can be uncoupled from monocyte binding to activated platelets. Specifically, Ab-inhibition studies and incubation of monocytes with activated platelet supernatant highlighted a role for secreted product(s) of activated platelets. We also identified a role for pertussis toxin–sensitive G protein–coupled receptors and excluded key candidates platelet-activating factor receptor and CCR5. Our results suggest that inhibition of monocyte–platelet interactions via PSGL-1 or P-selectin is not sufficient to prevent platelet-mediated monocyte activation in an inflammatory context. These findings have important implications for the development of therapeutics to treat diseases in which platelet–monocyte complexes are implicated in pathogenesis.
‘Patient-Centered Care’ for Complex Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus–-Analysis of Two Cases
Authors: Hackel Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2013

Purpose This paper serves to apply and compare aspects of person centered care and recent consensus guidelines to two cases of older adults with poorly controlled diabetes in the context of relatively similar multimorbidity. Methods After review of the literature regarding the shift from guidelines promoting tight control in diabetes management to individualized person centered care, as well as newer treatment approaches emerging in diabetes care, the newer guidelines and potential treatment approaches are applied to the cases. Results By delving into the clinical, behavioral, social, cultural and economic aspects of the two cases in applying the new guidelines, divergent care goals are reached for the cases. Conclusions Primary care practitioners must be vigilant in providing individualized diabetes treatment where multiple chronic illnesses increase the complexity of care. While two older adults with multimorbidity may appear at first to have similar care goals, their unique preferences and support systems, as well as their risks and benefits from tight control, must be carefully weighed in formulating the best approach. Newer pharmaceutical agents hold promise for improving the possibilities for better glycemic control with less self-care burden and risk of hypoglycemia.
Quality Assurance Program in Radiodiagnosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Arora Pankaj 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Context
The specialty of radiodiagnosis has been revolutionized by the advent of technology. This has put additional onus on the practitioners to maintain strict quality control to improve efficiency, lower exposure as well as cost.

Aims
The aim of the study is to determine quality assurance program in radiodiagnosis in order to identify the gaps and possible avenues of improvement.

Settings and design
The cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in India in the second half of calendar year 2008.

Materials and methods
The department did not have a defined and documented quality assurance program. Hence, the factors which are part of such a QAP were identified and the practices in the department against those factors were compared. The scoring was done based on the degree of compliance; complete, partial or no compliance.

Results
A total of 23 parameters/subparameters were evaluated to find out the extent of quality assurance program being implemented in the study setting. Out of maximum 230, a score of 135 was achieved by the department.

Conclusion
The department of radiodiagnosis in the tertiary care institute need to institute a QAP for improving the quality and efficiency for better utilization of resources.

Key messages
Quality Assurance Program must be instituted in different departments, Radio diagnosis in the instant case, for efficient utilization, quality output and effective cost control. All these will contribute to patient safety practices.

How to cite this article
Arora P. Quality Assurance Program in Radiodiagnosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2013;1(1):8-12.
Break-Even Analysis in Healthcare Setup
Authors: Singh Madhav Madhusudan , Choudhary Pranav Kumar , Patnaik Saroj Kumar , Kaushal Ginny 
Published: October 2013

How to cite this article
Choudhary PK, Patnaik SK, Singh MM, Kaushal G. Break-Even Analysis in Healthcare Setup. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2013;1(1):29-32.
Mesoscale modeling and satellite observation of transport and mixing of smoke and dust particles over northern sub‐Saharan African region
Authors: Yang Zhifeng , Wang Jun , Ichoku Charles , Hyer Edward , Zeng Jing 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe transport and vertical distribution of smoke and dust aerosols over the northern sub‐Saharan African region are simulated in the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem), which uses hourly dynamic smoke emissions from the Fire Locating and Modeling of Burning Emissions database derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire products. Model performance for February 2008 is evaluated using MODIS true color images, aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from the Aerosol Robotic Network, MODIS AOD retrievals, and the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar data with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) atmospheric backscattering and extinction products. Specification of smoke injection height of 650 m in WRF‐Chem yields aerosol vertical profiles that are most consistent with CALIOP observations of aerosol layer height. Between the equator and 10°N, Saharan dust is often mixed with smoke near the surface, and their transport patterns manifest the interplay of trade winds, subtropical highs, precipitation associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and the high mountains located near the Great Rift Valley region. At the 700 hPa level and above, smoke layers spread farther to the north and south and are often above the dust layers over the Sahel region. In some cases, transported smoke can also be mixed with dust over the Saharan region. Statistically, 5% of the CALIOP valid measurements in February 2007–2011 show aerosol layers either above or between the clouds, reinforcing the importance of the aerosol vertical distribution for quantifying aerosol impact on climate in the Sahel region.
Adoption, Intercountry
Authors: Gibbons Judith L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntercountry or international adoption has become a significant component of international migration as people wanting to form a family, or increase the number of children in their existing families, adopt children from abroad. Estimates indicate that up to a million children have been adopted internationally, peaking in 2004 with approximately 45,000 intercountry adoptions.
Back Translation
Authors: Beins Bernard C. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
When researchers create questions that they will pose to people who speak different languages, it is critical that the different linguistic versions of the question be comparable across those languages. One technique to increase the investigator's confidence that different versions of the question tap into the same underlying construct is back translation, a process of translating a question into a second language, then using an independent person to translate the item back to the original language. If the meaning is preserved when rendered back into the original language, researchers assume that the item has the potential to tap into the same target construct in both languages.
Fundamental Attribution Error
Authors: Granot Yael , Balcetis Emily 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

People disproportionately attribute behaviors to actors’ dispositions over situational factors, a phenomenon known as the
fundamental attribution error
. For example, past research has demonstrated that people referred to others’ personalities when explaining why students would write counter‐normative essays supporting a dictator; in so doing, they failed to consider the situational demands placed upon these writers. People additionally highlighted others’ personalities and ignored situational pressures when describing the reasons why experimental participants delivered electric shocks to their peers. Within Western cultures, people commit the fundamental attribution error (FAE) pervasively across various contexts when describing the behavior of others.
Holistic Cognition
Authors: Brevard Joshua , Belgrave Faye Z. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Holistic cognition refers to a method of organizing and analyzing information based on how parts of information relate to each other. Features of holistic cognition include: 1) understanding objects by focusing on underlying contextual information or the field in which objects are embedded; 2) an emphasis on relationships when trying to understand situations or objects; 3) using experience‐based knowledge rather than abstract logic and ideas to comprehend; and 4) the capacity for dialecticism or the ability to understand and reconcile opposing thoughts or ideas. Cultures with a holistic cognitive style often produce people who do not see themselves as distinct individuals but rather as pieces of a much larger and interconnected whole. Holistic cognition is often compared to analytic cognition, which is a detachment of the object from its context, a focus on attributes of the object, and a tendency to use rules. Analytic cognition also consists of a “narrow focus in visual attention, dispositional bias in causal attribution, and the use of formal logic in reasoning”.
Indigenous Social Influence
Authors: Smith Peter B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIndigenous forms of social influence are those that are claimed to occur distinctively within one or more specific cultural contexts. They have typically been described by researchers who prefer to construct anindigenous psychologyof their cultural group, rather than describing it in terms derived from Western psychology. Although most forms of social influence might be broadly described in terms of such processes as leadership or conformity, indigenous concepts detail these processes more vividly and with a better grasp of detail. Non‐English terms such asguanxi,wasta,nemawashi,ringi,jeitinho, andsvyazitypically describe such processes.
Chemical safety, health care costs and the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Landrigan Philip J. , Goldman Lynn R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOn May 22, 2013, the late Senator Frank Lautenberg (D‐NJ), Senator David Vitter (R‐LA) and 19 of their colleagues introduced bipartisan chemical safety legislation in the US Senate, “The Chemical Safety Improvement Act of 2013.” The bill's purpose is to protect human health and the environment against the hazards of toxic chemicals, by requiring the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to examine the safety of all chemicals in consumer products. The bill is currently before the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, chaired by Senator Barbara Boxer (D‐CA). This legislation is critically important for physicians and healthcare organizations because it creates significant new opportunities to prevent disease and cut healthcare costs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:1–3, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the outside, looking in: A review and evaluation of the comparability of blood and brain “‐omes”
Authors: Tylee Daniel S. , Kawaguchi Daniel M. , Glatt Stephen J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this article, we review studies detailing the correspondence between peripheral blood and brain tissue across various domains of high‐throughput ‐omic analysis in order to provide a context for evaluating blood‐based biomarker studies. Specifically, we reviewed seven studies comparing patterns of DNA methylation (i.e., an aspect of the epigenome), eight articles comparing patterns of gene expression (i.e., the transcriptome), and three articles comparing patterns of protein expression (i.e., the proteome). Our review of the epigenomic literature suggests that CpG‐island methylation levels are generally highly correlated (r = 0.90) between blood and brain. Our review of transcriptomic studies suggests that between 35% and 80% of known transcripts are present in both brain and blood tissue samples; estimates of cross‐tissue correlation in expression levels were found to range from 0.25 to 0.64, with stronger correlations observed among particular subsets of genes. Relative to the epigenome and transcriptome, the proteome has not been as fully compared between brain and blood samples, highlighting an important area for future work as whole‐proteome profiling methods mature. Beyond reviewing the relevant studies, we discuss some of the assumptions, methodological issues, and gaps in knowledge that should be addressed in order to better understand how the multiple “‐omes” of the brain are reflected in the peripheral blood. A better understanding of these relationships is a critical precursor to the validation of biomarkers for brain disorders. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterogeneity of schizophrenia: Genetic and symptomatic factors
Authors: Takahashi Sakae 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSchizophrenia may have etiological heterogeneity, and may reflect common symptomatology caused by many genetic and environmental factors. In this review, we show the potential existence of heterogeneity in schizophrenia based on the results of our previous studies. In our study of the NOTCH4 gene, there were no significant associations between any single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NOTCH4 and schizophrenia. However, exploratory analyses suggested that the SNP, rs3134928 may be associated with early‐onset schizophrenia, and that rs387071 may be associated with schizophrenia characterized by negative symptoms. In our highly familial schizophrenia study, the African‐American cohort without environmental exposure showed a possible linkage at marker 8p23.1 in the dominant model and in the European‐American cohort, a marker at 22q13.32 showed a probable linkage in the recessive model. In the less familial schizophrenia families, these linkages were not shown. Based on our eye movement study, a putative subtype of schizophrenia with severe symptoms related to excitement/hostility, negative symptoms and disorganization may be associated with chromosome 22q11. We consider that a sample stratification approach may clarify the heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Therefore, this approach may lead to a more straightforward way of identifying susceptibility genes of schizophrenia. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A network medicine approach to psychiatric genetics
Authors: Lasky‐Su Jessica 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe major psychiatric disorders are complex in nature, meaning that they are influenced by multiple environmental and genetic exposures that perturb the intricate cellular network, resulting in disease. In general, psychiatric diseases are highly heritable but also have important environmental etiologies. Environmental influences include neonatal exposures, social environments, psychological mechanisms, and abnormal functioning of the neurotransmitter system. Molecular influences can be identified using many data types including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. The emerging field of network medicine offers a new approach to explore the complexities of disease development in a framework that considers a holistic, rather than a reductionist viewpoint. In this review we explain a general framework of how the network medicine approach can provide valuable insight into understanding important molecular mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Properties of insulin–chitosan complexes obtained by an alkylation reaction on chitosan
Authors: Robles Emmanuel , Juárez Josué , Burboa María. G. , Gutiérrez Luis E. , Taboada Pablo , Mosquera Víctor , Valdez Miguel A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated the influence of hydrophobized chitosan on the formation and thermodynamic and surface tension properties of insulin–chitosan (I–Ch) polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). We used an alkylation procedure to insert 12 carbon chains along the chitosan macromolecule with final substitution degrees of 5, 10, and 50%. NMR and IR spectroscopy were used to evaluate the success and extent of the hydrophobization procedure. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to determine the type and extent of the existing intermolecular interactions between the different constituting components of the insulin–hydrophobized chitosan PECs. Through the surface tension and diffusion coefficients at the air–water interface and ITC experiments with different I–Ch proportions, we demonstrated that around 34, 24, 25, and 60–80 insulin molecules saturated 0, 5, 10, and 50% hydrophobized chitosans, respectively. Surface tension experiments at the air–water interface demonstrated that the interaction of insulin molecules on the unmodified chitosan increased the hydrophobicity; this was mainly due to electrostatic interaction. On the contrary, insulin–hydrophobized chitosan interaction lowered the PEC hydrophobicity because of insulin alkyl chain interaction, and therefore, the hydrophilic insulin groups at the PEC surface contributed to a higher surface tension. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,2014,131, 39999.