bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MULTI-SEGMENTED FOOT LANDING KINEMATICS IN SUBJECTS WITH CHRONIC ANKLE INSTABILITY
Authors: De Ridder R , Willems T , Vanrenterghem J , Robinson M , Palmans T , Roosen P 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundChronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with inadequate control during landing tasks. Joint kinematics have been shown influential in the capacity to accommodate for the incurred high loading.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether multi-segmented foot kinematics of the impact phase of landing tasks can reveal further control issues in subjects with CAI, copers, and controls.DesignCase-control design.SettingAll subjects were evaluated in a laboratory setting with a 3D kinematic setup.Participants96 recreationally active subjects (38 subjects with CAI, 28 copers and 30 controls) were included in the study.Risk factor assessmentAll subjects performed a vertical drop and side jump landing task. Data were collected using a force plate and a 6-camera opto-electronic system.Main outcome measurementsFoot and ankle kinematics were registered using a rigid foot model and the six-segment Ghent Foot Model (GFM), along with vertical ground reaction forces. Group differences were evaluated using Statistical Parametric Mapping and ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni correction.ResultsIn general, similar sagittal plane differences were found for vertical drop and side jump. Subjects with CAI and copers exhibited less plantar flexion at touch down. In addition, unlike the coper group, the CAI group demonstrated a stiffer landing pattern (smaller ROM) compared to the control group, leading to higher loading rates. Furthermore, subjects with CAI had a more inverted midfoot position compared to controls during side jump and more midfoot in/eversion ROM than copers during vertical drop. Copers exhibited less plantarflexion/dorsiflexion ROM in the lateral and medial forefoot for both conditions.ConclusionsSubjects with CAI displayed an altered, stiffer kinematic landing strategy and related alterations in landing kinetics, which might predispose them for episodes of giving way and actual ankle sprain events.
ACUTE ANKLE SPRAIN INJURY ALTERS KINEMATIC AND CENTRE OF PRESSURE MEASURES OF POSTURAL CONTROL DURING SINGLE LIMB STANCE
Authors: Doherty C , Delahunt E , Bleakley C , Hertel J , Ryan J , Caulfield B 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundUpright single-limb stance (SLS) is maintained via integration of visual, vestibular and somatosensory afferents. The presence of redundancies between these afferents allows the sensorimotor system to simplify a specific task within a number of strategies. Musculoskeletal injury challenges the somatosensory system to reweight distorted sensory afferents. No current investigation has supplemented kinetic analysis of eyes-open and eyes-closed SLS tasks with a kinematic profile of lower limb postural orientation in an acute lateral ankle sprain (LAS) group to assess the adaptive capacity of the sensorimotor system to injury.ObjectiveTo compare centre of pressure (COP) and lower limb postural orientation characteristics of participants with acute LAS to non-injured participants during a SLS task.DesignCross-sectional.SettingUniversity biomechanics laboratory.Participants66 participants with acute LAS completed a task of eyes-open SLS on their injured and non-injured limbs (task 1). 23 of these participants successfully completed the SLS task with their eyes closed (task 2). A non-injured control group of nineteen participants completed task 1, with 16 completing task 2.Main outcome measures3D kinematics of the hip, knee and ankle joints as well as associated fractal dimension (FD) of the COP path.ResultsBetween trial analyses of groups revealed significant differences in lower limb kinematics and FD of the COP path for task 2. Post-hoc testing revealed that non-injured control group bilaterally assumed a position of greater hip flexion compared to LAS participants (injured limb=7.41±6.1◦vs 1.44±4.8◦; non-injured limb=9.59±8.5◦vs 2.16±5.6◦), with a corollary of greater FD of the COP path (injured limb=1.39±0.16 vs 1.25±0.14; non-injured limb=1.37±0.21 vs 1.23±0.14).ConclusionAcute LAS causes bilateral impairment in postural control strategies.
ACUTE ANKLE SPRAIN INJURY ALTERS KINEMATIC AND CENTRE OF PRESSURE MEASURES OF POSTURAL CONTROL DURING THE STAR EXCURSION BALANCE TEST
Authors: Doherty C , Delahunt E , Bleakley C , Hertel J , Ryan J , Caulfield B 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundPostural control assessments are frequently used in clinical and research settings to evaluate movement deficits following acute lateral ankle sprain (LAS). The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is one such postural control assessment tool. To date, no research has investigated the immediate post-injury movement strategies associated with LAS, as quantified by center of pressure (COP) and kinematic analyses during performance of selected reach directions of the SEBT.ObjectiveTo compare the kinematic and COP patterns of a group with acute LAS and a non-injured control group during performance of selected reach directions of the SEBT.DesignCross-sectional.SettingUniversity biomechanics laboratory.Participants81 participants with acute LAS and 19 non-injured controls.Main outcome measures3D kinematics of the hip, knee and ankle joints as well as associated fractal dimension (FD) of the COP path during the performance of the anterior (ANT), posterior-lateral (PL) and posterior-medial (PM) reach directions of the SEBT.ResultsThe LAS group had bilateral decreased reach distances normalised to leg length in the ANT, PL and PM reach directions of the SEBT compared to non-injured control participants (P<.05). The LAS group were also characterized by altered temporal sagittal plane kinematic profiles at the hip, knee and ankle joints of their injured and non-injured limbs for each of the reach directions of the SEBT, compared to the control group (P<.05). This altered kinematic profile was associated with a reduced FD of the COP path for each reach direction on the involved limb only (P<.05).ConclusionAcute LAS is associated with bilateral deficits in postural control, evidenced by reduced angular displacements of the hip, knee and ankle joints, as well as reduced reach distances and FD of the COP path during the performance of a dynamic postural control assessment task.
IS BICEPS FEMORIS LONG HEAD APONEUROSIS SIZE A RISK FACTOR FOR HAMSTRING STRAIN INJURY?
Authors: Evangelidis PE , Massey GJ , Pain MT , Folland JP 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundBiceps femoris long head (BFlh) proximal aponeurosis (PA) size appears to be highly variable between individuals (Handsfieldet al., 2010) and may not be proportional to muscle size and strength. Individuals with a relatively small aponeurosis may be at higher risk of strain injury (Fiorentinoet al., 2012), and this could be an important intrinsic risk factor.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship of BFlh PA area with BFlh muscle size (volume and maximal anatomical cross-sectional area, ACSAmax) and hamstrings voluntary maximal isometric strength (MIS).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingLaboratory.ParticipantsThirty healthy, recreationally active participants (age: 20.7±2.6 yrs, height: 179.3±7.0 cm, body mass: 72.2±7.2 kg, mean±s) with no history of hamstrings injury.Risk factor assessmentThe dominant thigh was scanned (1.5T MRI scanner) and axial plane images (slice thickness: 5 mm) were used to measure BFlh muscle ACSAmax and volume. PA area was calculated as the sum of aponeurosis to muscle contact distance within each image (external and internal) multiplied by the slice thickness. MIS was measured in a prone position (hip and knee joint angles of 150°;full extension=180°).Main outcome measurementsBFlh muscle volume, BFlh ACSAmax, BFlh PA area, MIS.ResultsBFlh PA area varied considerably across participants (mean=20.4±5.4 cm2, range=7.5-33.5 cm2, CV=26.6%) and it was not related to BFlh ACSAmax (r=0.041, P=.830) or volume (r=0.354, P=.055). Also, BFlh PA area was not related to MIS (r=0.178, P=.347). BFlh PA relative size (ratio to ACSAmax) was >4 times smaller in some individuals than others (CV=38%).ConclusionsBFlh PA area was not related to BFlh muscle size or hamstrings strength. Our results confirm the large aponeurosis size variability previously reported (Handsfieldet al., 2010) and support the notion that this could be a risk factor for hamstrings strain injury.
SAGITTAL SPINAL CURVATURES AND PELVIC TILT OF FEMALE DANCERS IN STANDING POSTURE
Authors: Esparza-Ros F , Vaquero-Cristóbal R , Alacid F , Martínez-Ruiz E , López-Miñarro PA 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundA good control of the spinal posture may induce greater ability to change spinal angles in several positions. The spinal posture influences vertebral loading during daily activities. Neutral postures have been associated to lower spinal forces in the intervertebral joints.ObjectiveTo compare the spinal posture and pelvic tilt between relaxed standing and active alignment while standing in elementary education dancers.DesignComparative study.SettingDance Conservatory professional. The sample included dance students of 4th year.Participants46 female dancers (mean±SD, age: 12.07±1.01 years-old) were recruited for this study. All participants had at less 4 years of experience in the Dance Conservatory.Risk factor assessmentNot applicable.Main outcome measurementsThoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt were measured in relaxed standing and during active alignment of spinal curvatures using a Spinal Mouse®.ResultsThoracic and lumbar curvatures and pelvic tilt values while relaxed standing were 18.72±11.11°, -25.52±7.14° and 19.52±5.10°, respectively. Mean values in the active alignment were: 4.96±13.54°, -3.76±12.12° and 4.57±7.06°, respectively. Significant differences between both postures were found in the thoracic (t=6.39; P<.001) and lumbar curvatures (t=−10.33; P<.001), and pelvic tilt (t=12.29; P<.001).ConclusionsDance is associated with a large control of spinal posture in standing position. Dance training is related to a great curvature change when active alignment of spinal curves is required. This control of spinal curvatures may reduce the risk of injury in dance and daily activities.
HIGH PREVALENCE OF INJURIES IN THE NORWEGIAN NATIONAL BALLET
Authors: Fredriksen H , Clarsen B 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundBallet dancers are both artists and athletes with extreme physical demands placed on them. Clinical experience and previous studies suggest that they are at high risk of sustaining injuries, but more high-quality prospective studies are needed.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of injuries and illnesses among professional ballet dancers in the Norwegian National Ballet Company, using a newly developed injury surveillance method. Information gained may provide a foundation for future prevention interventions.DesignProspective cohort study.ParticipantsA total of 57 dancers in the National ballet company agreed to participate. During the first 32 weeks of the registration there has been 5 drop-outs.InterventionsEvery second week all dancers received a recently developed online questionnaire which records symptoms of illness and injury, as well as reduced participation and dancing performance due to health problems.Main outcome measurementsPrevalence of injuries and illnesses.ResultsPreliminary results after 32 weeks. The average response rate was 81% (64–89%). The average injury prevalence was 64% (32–84%), and the average illness prevalence was 9% (4–20%). The prevalence of substantial injuries, defined as injuries leading to moderate or severe reductions in dance participation or performance, or total inability to dance, was 29% (18–45%). Thirty-four percent of injuries were located in the ankle, 18% in the lower leg, 12% in the knee and 11% in the foot.ConclusionsThe prevalence of injury is extremely high among dancers at the Norwegian National Ballet Company, being considerably higher than among elite athletes from Olympic sports. Future efforts to prevent injuries in this group are warranted.
The independent associations of recorded crime and perceived safety with physical health in a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of men and women in New Zealand
Authors: Lovasi Gina S , Goh Charlene E , Pearson Amber L , Breetzke Gregory 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesWe investigated associations of officially recorded crime and perceived neighbourhood safety with physical health, evaluating potential effect modification by gender.SettingNationally representative population-based survey in New Zealand.ParticipantsIndividual-level data from 6995 New Zealand General Social Survey (2010–2011) participants with complete data on physical health status, perceived neighbourhood safety, sociodemographic characteristics and smoking. Crime rate for each participant's home census was estimated based on data from the New Zealand Police (2008–2010).Primary outcome measureThe Transformed Physical Composite Score from the SF-12, a physical health summary score based on self-report ranging from 0 to 100.ResultsWe used cluster robust multivariable regression models to examine the associations among neighbourhood crime rates, perceived neighbourhood safety and the physical health summary score. Crime rates predicted adults’ perception that it was unsafe to walk in their neighbourhood at night: for each additional crime per 100 000 residents adults were 1.9% more likely to perceive their neighbourhood as unsafe (95% CI 1.2% to 2.5%). While relatively uncommon, the rate of crime with a weapon strongly predicted perceived safety: for each additional crime per 100 000 residents in this category, adults were 12.9% more likely to report the neighbourhood as unsafe (95% CI 8.8% to 17.0%). Police-recorded violent and night crime rates were associated with worse physical health among women: for each additional crime per 100 000 residents in these category women had a 0.3 point lower physical health score (95% CIs −0.6 to −0.1 for violent crime and −0.5 to −0.1 for crime at night, gender interaction p values 0.08 and 0.01, respectively). Perceiving the neighbourhood as unsafe was independently associated with 1.0 point lower physical health score (95% CI −1.5 to −0.5).ConclusionsGender may modify the associations of officially recorded crime rates with physical health. Perceived neighbourhood safety was independently associated with physical health.
Rapamycin Rescues ABT-737 Efficacy in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Gardner Eric E. , Connis Nick , Poirier John T. , Cope Leslie , Dobromilskaya Irina , Gallia Gary L. , Rudin Charles M. , Hann Christine L. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 is observed in the majority of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cases and is associated with resistance to chemotherapy. While targeting Bcl-2 in hematologic malignancies continues to show signs of promise, translating the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 (or ABT-263; navitoclax) to the clinic for solid tumors has remained problematic, with limited single-agent activity in early-phase clinical trials. Here, we used patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of SCLC to study ABT-737 resistance and demonstrated that responses to ABT-737 are short lived and coincide with decreases in HIF-1α–regulated transcripts. Combining the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin with ABT-737 rescued this resistance mechanism, was highly synergistic in vitro, and provided durable tumor regressions in vivo without notable hematologic suppression. In comparison, tumor regressions did not occur when ABT-737 was combined with etoposide, a gold-standard cytotoxic for SCLC therapy. Rapamycin exposure was consistently associated with an increase in the proapoptotic protein BAX, whereas ABT-737 caused dose-dependent decreases in BAX. As ABT-737 triggers programmed cell death in a BAX/BAK-dependent manner, we provide preclinical evidence that the efficacy of ABT-737 as a single agent is self-limiting in SCLC, but the addition of rapamycin can maintain or increase levels of BAX protein and markedly enhance the anticancer efficacy of ABT-737. These data have direct translational implications for SCLC clinical trials. Cancer Res; 74(10); 2846–56. ©2014 AACR.
Immune-Escape Markers in Relation to Clinical Outcome of Advanced Melanoma Patients Following Immunotherapy
Authors: Tjin Esther P.M. , Krebbers Gabrielle , Meijlink Kimberley J. , van de Kasteele Willeke , Rosenberg Efraim H. , Sanders Joyce , Nederlof Petra M. , van de Wiel Bart A. , Haanen John B.A.G. , Melief Cornelis J.M. , Vyth-Dreese Florry A. , Luiten Rosalie M. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this study, we investigated a large series of immune (escape) markers, relevant to T-cell function, as potential biomarkers for clinical outcome following immunotherapy. We retrospectively studied the expression of immune (escape) markers in metastatic melanoma tissues of 27 patients before autologous tumor cell vaccination, and 16 patients who were intended to treat but were not vaccinated because of rapid disease progression. Immunohistochemical data of infiltrating (suppressive) cells, such as T cells, regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and mast cells, or the expression of T-cell inhibitory factors (PD-1/PD-L1, IDO, and galectins), cytotoxic molecules (granzyme-B), melanocyte differentiation antigens, HLA class-I and tolerogenic cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and TGF-β] were correlated statistically to clinical outcome and overall survival (OS). Significantly more tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (both P &lt; 0.05) were found in nonprogressors to vaccination (n = 9; median OS, 56 months), compared with progressors (n = 18; median OS, 9.5 months). Moreover, granzyme-B expression was elevated in the tumors of nonprogressors, suggesting activated cytotoxic T cells or natural killer cells. T-cell infiltration and granzyme-B expression significantly correlated with overall OS. T-cell inhibitory factors and suppressive cells did not correlate with OS, suggesting minor influence of these immune-escape markers on clinical outcome. The data of progressors were comparable with those from patients with rapid progression (not vaccinated; n = 16; median OS, 3 months). Our study shows that high numbers of intratumoral activated CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, before autologous tumor cell vaccination, are associated with favorable clinical outcome. Analyses of these markers in the patients' tumor tissues before immunotherapy may therefore be a valuable tool to select patients for whom the treatment may result in potential clinical benefit. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(6); 538–46. ©2014 AACR.
Meloidogyne luci n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising different crops in Brazil, Chile and Iran
Authors: Carneiro Regina M.D.G. , Carneiro Regina M.D.G. , Correa Valdir R. , Carneiro Regina M.D.G. , Correa Valdir R. , Almeida Maria Ritta A. , Carneiro Regina M.D.G. , Correa Valdir R. , Almeida Maria Ritta A. , Gomes Ana Cristina M.M. , Carneiro Regina M.D.G. , Correa Valdir R. , Almeida Maria Ritta A. , Gomes Ana Cristina M.M. , Mohammad Deimi Abbas , Carneiro Regina M.D.G. , Correa Valdir R. , Almeida Maria Ritta A. , Gomes Ana Cristina M.M. , Mohammad Deimi Abbas , Castagnone-Sereno Philippe , Carneiro Regina M.D.G. , Correa Valdir R. , Almeida Maria Ritta A. , Gomes Ana Cristina M.M. , Mohammad Deimi Abbas , Castagnone-Sereno Philippe , Karssen Gerrit 
Published: March 2014

A new root-knot nematode parasitising vegetables, flowers and fruits in Brazil, Iran and Chile, is described as Meloidogyne luci n. sp. The female has an oval to squarish perineal pattern with a low to moderately high dorsal arc and without shoulders, similar to M. ethiopica. The female stylet is robust and 15-16 μm long; the distance from the dorsal pharyngeal gland orifice to the stylet base (DGO) is 3-4 μm. Males have a high, rounded head cap continuous with the body contour. The labial disc is fused with the medial lips to form an elongated lip structure. The head region is not marked by incomplete annulations. Male stylet robust, 20.8-23.0 μm long with rounded knobs; the DGO is 2.5-4.5 μm. The stylet of second-stage juveniles (J2) is 12.0-13.5 μm long and the DGO to the stylet base is 2.3-3.3 μm. The J2 tail is conoid with finely rounded terminus and is 40.0-48.5 μm long. Biochemically, the esterase phenotype L3 (: 1.05, 1.10, 1.25) is unique and is the most useful character to differentiate M. luci n. sp. from all other Meloidogyne species. Reproduction is by mitotic parthenogenesis (2n = 42-46 chromosomes). In a differential host test, the population from Lavandula spica, Caxias do Sul, RS State, Brazil, reproduced on tomato cv. Rutgers, tobacco cv. NC95 and pepper cv. California Wonder. No reproduction occurred on watermelon cv. Charleston Gray, cotton cv. Deltapine 61 or peanut cv. Florunner. In Neighbour-Joining analyses of ITS and D2-D3 rRNA sequences, populations of M. luci n. sp. from Brazil, Chile and Iran clustered together and were clearly separated from other Meloidogyne spp., thus confirming that all three populations are very similar and conspecific.
Standardized cine-loop documentation in renal ultrasound facilitates skill-mix between radiographer and radiologist
Authors: Gaarder Mario , Seierstad Therese , Søreng Robin , Drolsum Anders , Begum Kubra , Dormagen Johann Baptist 
Published: March 2014

Background The radiographers' role in ultrasound (US) has been debated due to the operator-dependent aspect of diagnostic US. With standardized cine-loop ultrasound (SCUS) a reliable diagnosis can be achieved by reading SCUS independently from performing the procedure. Purpose To study the correlation between sonographic findings when SCUS is performed and read by a radiologist and when SCUS is performed by a radiographer and read by a radiologist, and to assess the radiologists' confidence when reading SCUS examinations performed by a radiographer. Material and Methods Thirty-four patients (64 kidneys) who underwent SCUS of the kidneys were included in this study. All patients underwent two consecutive SCUS examinations, one performed by an experienced radiologist reading his own examination (online), and one performed by a SCUS-trained radiographer, read by an experienced radiologist who was not involved in the examination of the patient (offline). Study reports were made using a structured report form designed for this study. Confidence was measured on a visual analog scale ranging from 0 (no confidence) to 100 (extremely confident). The final diagnosis (the reference standard) was defined as the consensus between two US-experienced radiologists. All personnel were blinded to each other's results. Results We found discordance between image findings for online and offline in eight out of 64 kidneys. There was no systematic difference between online and offline reading. There was a good correlation between online and offline, kappa 0.75 (95% CI 0.60–0.90, P < 0.001). Kappa correlation for online and offline compared to reference standard was 0.94 (95% CI 0.86–1.00, P < 0.001) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.66–0.96, P < 0.001), respectively. Radiologists reported a confidence level of 88 (range, 74–94) and 85 (range, 67–92) in the online and offline group, respectively ( P = 0.005). Conclusion There is a high degree of correlation between reported findings in radiologist and radiographer performed SCUS examinations.