bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extrusion can ameliorate negative effects of molecular structures of brewer’s spent grain on energy contents and amino acid digestibility in growing pigs
Authors: Xie Yueqin , Liu Dongyun , Liu Yuxiao , Liu Yang , Tang Jiayong , Liu Guangmang , Zhao Hua , Tian Gang , Chen Xiaoling , Cai Jingyi , Jia Gang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of extrusion on the chemical compositions, surface structure, and molecular structure of brewer’s spent grain (BSG), as well as to determine the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy, and amino acid (AA) digestibility of extruded BSG when fed to growing pigs. Firstly, we determined the changes in chemical compositions and molecular structure of both non-extruded and extruded BSG. In Exp. 1, eighteen growing pigs were fed three different diets including one corn-soybean meal basal diet and two experimental diets containing 20% BSG with or without extrusion. Feces and urine were collected to determine the ATTD of nutrients and energy, DE, and ME of extruded or non-extruded BSG. In Exp. 2, eighteen growing pigs were fed three different diets including 30% BSG with or without extrusion, and an N-free diet. Ileal digesta was collected through the slaughter method to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA of extruded or non-extruded BSG. The results showed that extrusion reduced the neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose and cellulose contents in BSG, and increased the Arg, Asp, Glu, Ser, Tyr, total indispensable AA and total AA contents of BSG, altered the surface structure of BSG, increased the peak absorbance in amide I and amide II height, amide II and amide (I+II) area, α-helix height, decreased β-sheet height, and weakened band intensities in cellulosic compounds (CELC) area, structural carbohydrates (SCHO) area, carbohydrates area (CHO) peak 2 and 3 height, the area ratio of CELC: CHO and CELC: SCHO. Moreover, DE and ME values and ATTD of energy, dry matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, cellulose and hemicellulose increased (P &lt; 0.05) when pigs were fed extruded BSG diets. The AID and SID of Arg, His, Lys, Val and Gly increased, whereas the AID and SID of Ile and Leu decreased when pigs were fed extrusion diets (P &lt; 0.05). Our study found that the ATTD of nutrients and AA digestibility in pigs were positively correlated with the molecular structure of proteins, and negatively correlated with the molecular structure of carbohydrates (P &lt; 0.05). These findings suggested that extrusion had the potential to improve the nutrient digestibility of BSG by altering its chemical compositions, surface structure, and molecular structure.
In vitro and in silico study of biological effects on cancer cells in the presence of metallic materials during radiotherapy
Authors: Nagano Takuya , Matsuya Yusuke , Kaida Atsushi , Nojima Hitomi , Furuta Takuya , Sato Kaoru , Yoshimura Ryoichi , Miura Masahiko 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
X-ray therapy aims to eliminate tumours while minimizing side effects. Intense mucositis is sometimes induced when irradiating the oral cavity with a dental metal crown (DMC). However, the underlying mechanisms of such inducing radiosensitization by DMC remain uncertain. This study explored the radiosensitizing mechanisms around DMCs in an interdisciplinary approach with cell experiments and Monte Carlo simulation with the PHITS code. Clonogenic survival and nuclear 53BP1 foci of a cell line derived from cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells) were measured post-irradiation with therapeutic X-rays near high-Z materials such as Pb or Au plates, and the experimental sensitizer enhancement ratio (SER) was obtained. Meanwhile, the dose enhancement ratio (DER) and relative biological effectiveness for DNA damage yields were calculated using the PHITS code, by considering the corresponding experimental condition. The experiments show the experimental SER values for cell survival and 53BP1 foci near metals are 1.2–1.4, which agrees well with the calculated DER values. These suggest that the radiosensitizing effects near metal are predominantly attributed to the dose increase. In addition, as a preclinical evaluation, the spatial distributions of DER near DMC are calculated using Computed Tomography Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (CT-DICOM) data and a simple tooth model. As a result, the DER values evaluated using the CT-DICOM data were lower than those from a simple tooth model. These findings highlight the challenge of evaluating radiosensitizing effects near DMCs using Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images due to volume-averaging effects and emphasize the need for a high-resolution (&lt;1 mm) dose assessment method unaffected by these effects.
MegaAppendix: a rare case of mantle cell lymphoma in an appendix presented as volvulus
Authors: Mamukadze Irada , Gabel Shelley , Park Sean K , Jackson Mackenzie , Nguyen Long 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), representing 5% of cases, is an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Rarely, it can spread to other areas. This case illustrates a unique occurrence of MCL involving the appendix, leading to obstructive symptoms. Additionally, its presentation as volvulus added complexity to diagnosis and treatment. A 72-year-old man with a history of MCL came to the ER with right lower quadrant abdominal pain and nausea for 7 days. A computed tomography scan showed a swirling sign, concerning for volvulus. The patient required emergent surgery for exploratory laparotomy. Intraoperatively, the patient was found to have an enlarged appendix measuring 16.5 cm in length and 5 cm in diameter. An appendectomy was performed, and the pathology was confirmed to be MCL. This is a rare case of MCL presenting in the appendix as a volvulus, resulting in obstructive symptoms. This distinctive manifestation posed significant challenges in diagnosis and management. Appreciating such cases is pivotal for accurate diagnosis and effective medical and surgical interventions for this aggressive lymphoma subtype.
MEMBRANE PROTEIN 1 encoding an amino acid transporter confers resistance to blast fungus and leaf-blight bacterium in rice
Authors: Jiang Tingting , Huang Ning , Wang Zhixue , Li Jiawen , Ma Lu , Wang Xinying , Shen Lingtong , Zhang Ying , Yu Yao , Wang Wei , Fan Yunxin , Liu Kunquan , Zhao Zhi , Xiong Ziwei , Song Qisheng , Tang Haijuan , Zhang Hongsheng , Bao Yongmei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Amino acid transporters (AATs) have been shown to be involved in immune responses during plant–pathogen interactions; however, the molecular mechanism by which they function in this process remains unclear. Here, we used a joint analysis of a genome-wide association study and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to identify MEMBRANE PROTEIN 1, which acts as a QTL in rice against blast fungus. Heterogeneous expression of OsMP1 in yeast supported its function in transporting a wide range of amino acids, including Thr, Ser, Phe, His, and Glu. OsMP1 could also mediate 15N-Glu efflux and influx in Xenopus oocyte cells. The expression of OsMP1 was significantly induced by Magnaporthe oryzae in the resistant rice landrace Heikezijing, whereas no such induction was observed in the susceptible landrace Suyunuo. Overexpressing OsMP1 in Suyunuo enhanced disease resistance to blast fungus and leaf blight bacterium without resulting in a yield penalty. In addition, the overexpression of OsMP1 led to increased accumulation of Thr, Ser, Phe, and His in the leaves and this contributed to the reduced disease susceptibility, which was associated with up-regulation of the jasmonic acid pathway. Our results demonstrate the important role of OsMP1 in disease resistance in rice and provide a potential target for breeding more resistant cultivars without reducing yield.
Prevalence of social frailty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Data from a multicentre observational study (T-FLAG study)
Authors: Suzuki Mochihito , Asai Shuji , Ohashi Yoshifumi , Sobue Yasumori , Ishikawa Hisato , Terabe Kenya , Sato Ryo , Kosugiyama Hironobu , Hasegawa Junya , Ohno Yusuke , Sugiura Takaya , Imagama Shiro 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of social frailty and associated factors.

Methods
A total of 655 consecutive patients who were able to complete the Kihon Checklist (KCL) and the Questionnaire on Social Frailty between June and August 2022 were enrolled. Social frailty was assessed using the Makizako Social Frailty Index. Patient characteristics were analysed by analysis of variance. Factors associated with social frailty were analysed using multivariate logistic analysis. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were used to examine correlations between each KCL domain and social frailty.

Results
The mean age was 68 years, and the disease duration was 12 years; 73% of patients were female. Social frailty was present in 30.8% of patients, with 36.5% classified as social prefrailty. Multivariate analysis revealed age and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index to be independent factors associated with social frailty. The proportion of social frailty increased with increasing age and worsening Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index scores. The KCL domain ‘Isolation’ was the most strongly associated with social frailty (r = .601, P &lt; .001), with higher scores associated with a higher proportion of social frailty.

Conclusions
Social frailty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is associated with age and physical impairment (Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index). Moreover, the KCL domain ‘Isolation’ was strongly associated with social frailty.
Advances in neural architecture search
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhu Wenwu 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAutomated machine learning (AutoML) has achieved remarkable success in automating the non-trivial process of designing machine learning models. Among the focal areas of AutoML, neural architecture search (NAS) stands out, aiming to systematically explore the complex architecture space to discover the optimal neural architecture configurations without intensive manual interventions. NAS has demonstrated its capability of dramatic performance improvement across a large number of real-world tasks. The core components in NAS methodologies normally include (i) defining the appropriate search space, (ii) designing the right search strategy and (iii) developing the effective evaluation mechanism. Although early NAS endeavors are characterized via groundbreaking architecture designs, the imposed exorbitant computational demands prompt a shift towards more efficient paradigms such as weight sharing and evaluation estimation, etc. Concurrently, the introduction of specialized benchmarks has paved the way for standardized comparisons of NAS techniques. Notably, the adaptability of NAS is evidenced by its capability of extending to diverse datasets, including graphs, tabular data and videos, etc., each of which requires a tailored configuration. This paper delves into the multifaceted aspects of NAS, elaborating on its recent advances, applications, tools, benchmarks and prospective research directions.
Thermal management with innovative fibers and textiles: manipulating heat transport, storage and conversion
Authors: Peng Yucan , Cui Yi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Thermal management is essential for maintaining optimal performance across various applications, including personal comfort, electronic systems and industrial processes. Thermal-management fibers and textiles have emerged as innovative solutions to manipulate heat transport, storage and conversion efficiently. This review explores recent advancements in material innovations in this field. We summarize the novel fibers and textiles designed for controlling heat transport through different pathways, progress in developing phase-change-material-based fibers and textiles for heat storage regulation, and application of photothermal conversion, Joule heating and thermoelectric effect as energy conversion routes in advanced fibers and textiles. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of this field. It is believed that ongoing research and development promise to bring about innovative thermal-management solutions catering to demands across multiple sectors.
Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid and quantum criticality in spin-12 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain C14H18CuN4O10 via Wilson ratio
Authors: Channarayappa Sharath Kumar , Kumar Sankalp , Vidhyadhiraja N S , Pujari Sumiran , Saravanan M P , Sebastian Amal , Choi Eun Sang , Chikara Shalinee , Nambi Dolly , Suresh Athira , Lal Siddhartha , Jaiswal-Nagar D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The ground state of a one-dimensional spin-12 uniform antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain (AfHc) is a Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid which is quantum-critical with respect to applied magnetic fields up to a saturation field μ0Hs beyond which it transforms to a fully polarized state. Wilson ratio has been predicted to be a good indicator for demarcating these phases [Phys. Rev. B 96, 220401 (2017)]. From detailed temperature and magnetic field-dependent magnetization, magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements in a metalorganic complex and comparisons with field theory and quantum transfer matrix method calculations, the complex was found to be a very good realization of a spin-12 AfHc. Wilson ratio obtained from experimentally obtained magnetic susceptibility and magnetic contribution of specific heat values was used to map the magnetic phase diagram of the uniform spin-12 AfHc over large regions of phase space demarcating Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid, saturation field quantum critical, and fully polarized states. Luttinger parameter and spinon velocity were found to match very well with the values predicted from conformal field theory.
Microvascular network based on the Hilbert curve for nutrient transport in thick tissue
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Liu Xuemin , Shi Xuetao , Wang Yingjun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To address the uneven nutrient distribution within three-dimensional (3D) tissue models and organoids currently used in medical research, this study introduces a microvascular network based on the Hilbert curve. Our aim was to develop innovative solutions for enhancing nutrient supply in thick tissue models in vitro. By using 3D bioprinting, we engineered microvascular networks of varying Hilbert orders and validated their efficacy in enhancing nutrient uniformity through numerical simulations and experiments. These networks facilitated broader and more uniform nutrient distribution throughout the thick tissue models, particularly the 2° Hilbert microvascular structure, which occupies less space and significantly reduces regions of cellular death. Furthermore, we explored the potential of assembling larger tissue constructs using the 2° Hilbert microvascular network, showcasing its applicability in constructing large-scale biological models. The findings suggest that the 2° Hilbert microvascular structure is particularly effective in ensuring adequate nutrient delivery, thus enhancing the viability and functionality of large-volume tissue models. These innovations hold significant promise for advancing the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by improving nutrient delivery to in vitro thick tissue block models. This provides a robust foundation for future in vitro research and clinical applications, potentially leading to more effective treatments and interventions in the medical field. The development of these microvascular networks represents a crucial step forward in overcoming the limitations of current 3D tissue models and organoids, paving the way for more sophisticated and reliable biomedical research tools.
Calcium silicate cements endowing bioactivity and sustaining mechanical strength of low-heat-releasing and fast-curing magnesium phosphate cements
Authors: Xie Lijun , Zhang Yan , Cao Binji , Jiao Xiaoyi , Yue Xusong , Xu Yan , Yang Xianyan , Yang Guojing , Wang Yingjie , Shen Jian , Wang Cong , Weng Xisheng , Gou Zhongru 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
It is known that magnesium phosphate cements (MPCs) show appreciable mechanical strength and biocompatibility, but the hydration reaction processes often lead to intense heat release while the hydration products present weak resistance to mechanical decay and low bioactivity. Herein we developed an MPC-based system, which was low-heat-releasing and fast-curing in this study, by compounding with self-curing calcium silicate cements (CSCs). The MPC composed of magnesium oxide (MgO), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), magnesium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate (MgHPO4·3H2O) and chitosan were weakly basic, which would be more stable in vivo. The physicochemical properties indicated that the addition of CSCs could increase the final setting time while decrease the heat release. Meanwhile, the CSCs could endow MPC substrate with apatite re-mineralization reactivity, especially, which add 25 wt.% CSCs showed the most significant apatite deposition. What’s more, the mechanical evolution in buffer demonstrated CSCs could enhance and sustain the mechanical strength during degradation, and the internal constructs of cement implants could still be reconstructed by μCT analysis in rabbit femoral bone defect model in vivo. Particularly, appropriate CSCs adjusted the biodegradation and promoted new bone tissue regeneration in vivo. Totally, the MPC/CSCs composite system endows bioactivity and sustains mechanical strength of the MPC, which may be promising for expending the clinical applications of MPC-based bone cements.
A promising strategy for combating bacterial infections through the use of light-triggered ROS in Ce6-immobilized hydrogels
Authors: Hong Seung Hee , Lee Mi Hee , Go Eun Jeong , Park Jong-Chul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS) are composed of highly reactive molecules, including superoxide anions (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radicals. Researchers have explored the potential benefits of using hydrogel dressings that incorporate active substances to accelerate wound healing. The present investigation involved the development of a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel capable of producing ROS using LED irradiation. The process of creating a composite hydrogel was created by chemically bonding Ce6 to an amide group. Our analysis revealed that the synthesized hydrogel had a well-structured amide bond, and the degree of cross-linking was assessed through swelling, enzyme stability and cytotoxicity tests. ROS production was found to be influenced by both the intensity and duration of light exposure. Furthermore, in situations where cell toxicity resulting from ROS generation in the hydrogel surpassed 70%, no detectable genotoxic consequences were evident, and antibacterial activity was confirmed to be directly caused by the destruction of bacterial membranes as a result of ROS damage. Furthermore, the utilization of the generated ROS influences the polarization of macrophages, resulting in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is a characteristic feature of M1 polarization. Subsequently, we validated the efficacy of a HA hydrogel that produces ROS to directly eradicate microorganisms. Furthermore, this hydrogel facilitated indirect antibacterial activity by stimulating macrophages to release pro-inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines are crucial for coordinating cell-mediated immune responses and for modulating the overall effectiveness of the immune system. Therefore, the Ce6-HA hydrogel has the potential to serve as an effective wound dressing solution for infected wounds because of its ability to produce substantial levels or a consistent supply.
Monitoring the sleep health of adults: a scoping review of routine national surveillance systems
Authors: Way Joshua A H , Ucak Seren , Martinez Chloe-Anne , Sutherland Kate , Cook Kristina M , Cistulli Peter A , Bin Yu Sun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
The aims of this review were to identify existing national surveillance systems monitoring one or more domains of sleep health in adults, and to describe the specific sleep health indicators used.

Methods
We systematically searched the gray and peer-reviewed literature for routinely conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal nationally representative health surveys that included the assessment of at least one domain of sleep health. The methodology involved: (1) targeted searches of the websites of national and international health agencies and statistics departments for 199 countries, (2) country-specific customized internet searches, and (3) country-specific electronic database searches of PubMed.

Results
A total of 19 762 records were identified from both the gray and peer-reviewed literature. Sleep health surveillance at the national level was conducted by 51 countries (25.6%) across 69 national health surveys. Sleep quality (96.1% of countries that surveilled sleep) was the most frequently assessed followed by sleep duration (27.5%), sleep medication use (25.5%), sleep disorders (17.6%), daytime alertness (15.7%), sleep satisfaction (15.7%), and sleep timing (7.8%). Additionally, 34.8% of the surveys utilized multiple sleep health indicators.

Conclusions
This study identified three significant gaps in the coverage of sleep health within national surveillance systems. Limited population sleep data in low- and middle-income countries, inconsistent use of sleep-related items in surveys and questionnaires, and substantial variability in the definitions of sleep health indicators. Advocacy for the inclusion of sleep health within national surveillance systems may be warranted given the important role sleep plays in public health.