bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial associations among major tree species in a cool‐temperate forest community under heterogeneous topography and canopy conditions
Authors: Torimaru Takeshi , Akada Shinji , Ishida Kiyoshi , Matsuda Shuichi , Narita Machiko 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAnalysis of the spatial pattern of plants may provide insight into the processes and mechanisms that promote species coexistence and community organization. Using torus‐translation tests and point‐pattern analyses for a heterogeneous Poisson process, we investigated habitat association and intra‐ and inter‐specific spatial relationships of six major tree species in a cool‐temperate forest community. All stems ≥5 cm in diameter at breast height were mapped on a 1.4‐ha (100 × 140 m) plot and the topographic conditions (convexity and slope degree) and canopy state were assessed. Our results showed that all six species exhibited habitat associations with topographic and/or canopy conditions except for Magnolia salicifolia. Intra‐specific aggregation was found for Acer japonicum, M. salicifolia, and Hamamelis japonica var. obtusata. Community‐wide analysis of the inter‐specific spatial patterns showed mainly mixed or partially overlapped patterns at a scale of up to 30 m, whereas individual pairwise analyses of inter‐specific patterns revealed that Fagus crenata was positively associated with two Acer species and M. salicifolia at a spatial scale of up to 5 m. These results highlight that scale‐dependant ecologically important processes, such as species‐specific habitat preference, regeneration mode, seed dispersal, facilitation and niche complementarity, may operate simultaneously to shape tree distributional patterns, although their presence/absence as well as relative importance vary among species. Given the complexity of the process and mechanisms promoting species coexistence and community organization, more attention should be given to the effect of spatial scale in analyzing the spatial patterns of tree species in forest communities.
English and identity in East Asian popular music
Authors: Benson Phil 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLinguistic diversity poses a significant but not insuperable obstacle to transnational flows of popular music in East Asia. This paper reviews strategies that are used to overcome language barriers, especially the use of English by mainstream artists. Although this strategy has met with some success, it can be problematic in that it involves the negotiation of new artist identities with audiences. This negotiation of identities is illustrated by an analysis of YouTube comments on two English-language music videos by established Asian-language singers – Tata Young's ‘Sexy, Naughty, Bitchy’ and Utada Hikaru's ‘Easy Breezy’, which indicates that language, ethnic and gender identities are all problematised when these singers choose to sing in English.
‘A new stereophonic sound spectacular’: Shibuya-kei as transnational soundscape
Authors: Roberts Martin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper focuses on Shibuya-kei, a style of independent popular music that emerged in Japan in the late 1980s and which has been influential in the popularisation of J-pop worldwide. Although usually treated as a uniquely Japanese musical genre, Shibuya-kei was from its inception defined by an ostentatious internationalism, fusing jazz, easy listening and bossa nova with British, American and French retro-pop styles. Tracing the international itineraries of Shibuya-kei musicians and the role of Western musicians and labels in promoting it outside Japan, this paper characterises Shibuya-kei not as just another J-pop genre but as a transnational soundscape, a collaborative project produced by a network of musicians circulating between Japan and the UK, the US, France, Germany, Spain and Brazil. As such, the paper suggests, it requires us to rethink the place of the national in relation to popular music.
Giant coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease: the cost of a missed diagnosis
Authors: Marta Liliana , Francisco Andreia , Anjos Rui 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGiant coronary aneurysms secondary to Kawasaki disease are rare, but a very severe complication. Delayed diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the disease is a well-known risk factor for coronary aneurysms.
Evaluation of left ventricular torsion in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Prinz Christian , Faber Lothar , Horstkotte Dieter , Körperich Hermann , Moysich Axel , Haas Nikolaus , Kececioglu Deniz , Thorsten Laser Kai 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the role of torsion in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children.MethodsA total of 88 children with idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n = 24) and concentric hypertrophy (n = 20) were investigated with speckle-tracking echocardiography and compared with age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 44).ResultsIn hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, we found increased torsion (2.8 ± 1.6 versus 1.9 ± 1.0°/cm [controls], p < 0.05) because of an increase in clockwise basal rotation (−8.7 ± 4.3° versus −4.9 ± 2.5° [controls], p < 0.001) and prolonged time to peak diastolic untwisting (3.7 ± 2.4% versus 1.7 ± 0.6% [controls] of cardiac cycle, p < 0.01), but no differences in peak untwisting velocities. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients demonstrated a negative correlation between left ventricular muscle mass and torsion (r = −0.7, p < 0.001). In concentric hypertrophy, torsion was elevated because of increased apical rotation (15.1 ± 6.4° versus 10.5 ± 5.5° [controls], p < 0.05) without correlation with muscle mass. Peak untwisting velocities (− 202 ± 88 versus −145 ± 67°/s [controls], p < 0.05) were higher in concentric hypertrophy and time to peak diastolic untwisting was delayed (1.8 ± 0.8% versus 1.2 ± 0.6% [controls], p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn contrast to an increased counterclockwise apical rotation in concentric hypertrophy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterised by predominantly enhanced systolic basal clockwise rotation. Diastolic untwisting is delayed in both groups. Torsion may be an interesting marker to guide patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Identified mortality risk factors associated with presentation, initial hospitalisation, and interstage period for the Norwood operation in a multi-centre registry: a report from the National Pediatric Cardiology-Quality Improvement Collaborative
Authors: Cross Russell R. , Harahsheh Ashraf S. , McCarter Robert , Martin Gerard R. ,   for the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative (NPC-QIC)
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntroductionDespite improvements in care following Stage 1 palliation, interstage mortality remains substantial. The National Pediatric Cardiology-Quality Improvement Collaborative captures clinical process and outcome data on infants discharged into the interstage period after Stage 1. We sought to identify risk factors for interstage mortality using these data.Materials and methodsPatients who reached Stage 2 palliation or died in the interstage were included. The analysis was considered exploratory and hypothesis generating. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to screen for univariate predictors, and Cox multiple regression modelling was used to identify potential independent risk factors.ResultsData on 247 patients who met the criteria between June, 2008 and June, 2011 were collected from 33 surgical centres. There were 23 interstage mortalities (9%). The identified independent risk factors of interstage mortality with associated relative risk were: hypoplastic left heart syndrome with aortic stenosis and mitral atresia (relative risk = 13), anti-seizure medications at discharge (relative risk = 12.5), earlier gestational age (relative risk = 11.1), nasogastric or nasojejunal feeding (relative risk = 5.5), unscheduled readmissions (relative risk = 5.3), hypoplastic left heart syndrome with aortic atresia and mitral stenosis (relative risk = 5.2), fewer clinic visits with primary cardiologist identified (relative risk = 3.1), and fewer post-operative vasoactive medications (relative risk = 2.2).ConclusionInterstage mortality remains substantial, and there are multiple potential risk factors. Future efforts should focus on further exploration of each risk factor, with potential integration of the factors into surveillance schemes and clinical practice strategies.
Alarming weight gain in women of a post-transitional country
Authors: Garmendia Maria L , Alonso Faustino T , Kain Juliana , Uauy Ricardo , Corvalan Camila 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveIn post-transitional countries, obesity disproportionally affects women. Longitudinal studies can detect high-risk groups in whom to target actions. We investigated the magnitude and velocity of BMI changes in Chilean women of reproductive age and evaluated whether these trends vary in specific groups.DesignLongitudinal study. We measured weight and height in 2007 (baseline) and again in 2010 (follow-up); we estimated change in BMI (weight/height2) within the 3-year period and assessed its relationship with age, years of education and parity, collected at baseline and follow-up using a questionnaire.SettingPopulation-based cohort of low- to middle-income Chilean women.SubjectsSeven hundred and sixty-one women of reproductive age (mean 32·0 (sd 7·0) years), mothers of children who participate in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (GOCS).ResultsAt baseline, 61 % of women had BMI ≥ 25·0 kg/m2. After 3 years, women gained on average 2·6 kg and obesity (BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2) increased by 23 % (12 % new obesity cases). Women with normal nutritional status gained more BMI than obese women (1·4 v. 0·6 kg/m2, P < 0·001). An increase in parity was positively associated with BMI change, independently of age, nutritional status and education (P < 0·05). Age and education were not associated with BMI change after controlling for other factors (P > 0·05).ConclusionsIn Chile, a post-transitional country, we observed an alarming increase in obesity among women of reproductive age. Our results indicate that in this population actions need to be targeted at all women irrespective of their nutritional status. A key component of these policies should be avoiding excessive weight gain during pregnancy.
Production of a human neutralizing monoclonal antibody and its crystal structure in complex with ectodomain 3 of the interleukin-13 receptor α1
Authors: Redpath Nicholas T. , Xu Yibin , Wilson Nicholas J. , Fabri Louis J. , Baca Manuel , Andrews Arna E. , Braley Hal , Lu Ping , Ireland Cheryl , Ernst Robin E. , Woods Andrea , Forrest Gail , An Zhiqiang , Zaller Dennis M. , Strohl William R. , Luo Cindy S. , Czabotar Peter E. , Garrett Thomas P. J. , Hilton Douglas J. , Nash Andrew D. , Zhang Jian-Guo , Nicola Nicos A. 
Published: February 2013

Gene deletion studies in mice have revealed critical roles for IL (interleukin)-4 and -13 in asthma development, with the latter controlling lung airways resistance and mucus secretion. We have now developed human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against human IL-13Rα1 (IL-13 receptor α1) subunit that prevent activation of the receptor complex by both IL-4 and IL-13. We describe the crystal structures of the Fab fragment of antibody 10G5H6 alone and in complex with D3 (ectodomain 3) of IL-13Rα1. Although the structure showed significant domain swapping within a D3 dimer, we showed that Arg230, Phe233, Tyr250, Gln252 and Leu293 in each D3 monomer and Ser32, Asn102 and Trp103 in 10G5H6 Fab are the key interacting residues at the interface of the 10G5H6 Fab–D3 complex. One of the most striking contacts is the insertion of the ligand-contacting residue Leu293 of D3 into a deep pocket on the surface of 10G5H6 Fab, and this appears to be a central determinant of the high binding affinity and neutralizing activity of the antibody.
RIN‐reduced light source for ultra‐low noise interferometric fibre optic gyroscopes
Authors: Hakimi F. , Moores J.D. 
Published: February 2013

Incoherent broadband light sources are used in interferometric fibre optic gyroscopes (IFOGs) to mitigate the deleterious effects of Kerr and polarisation nonreciprocity, and backscattering effects in gyroscopes. However, incoherent broadband sources suffer from excess noise or relative intensity noise (RIN), caused by the beating of different spectral components on the photodetector. Unless RIN noise is suppressed, IFOG performance cannot be improved once light on the photodetector exceeds one photon per coherence time (∼μW's). Demonstrated is a low RIN light source capable of significantly improving angle random walk of an IFOG by 12 dB.
Efficient RF voltage transformer with bandpass filter characteristics
Authors: Moreira M. , Bjurström J. , Katardjiev I. , Yantchev V. 
Published: February 2013

A microwave bandpass filter with a large ratio between the output and the input impedance has been designed and fabricated. Consequently, it functions both as a voltage transformer and a bandpass filter, or transfilter for brevity. It represents a two‐port micro‐acoustic resonator employing Lamb waves in a thin piezoelectric AlN film grown onto a Si carrier substrate with a centre frequency of around 887 MHz. The transfilter has a transformer ratio of 10 and a voltage efficiency of over 80%. The component has a small size (< 0.5 mm2) and is shown to sustain power levels of 250 mW. It can be used in a variety of cases where both voltage amplification and frequency filtering are required. Examples include: charge pumps in RFID tags, energy scavenging, remotely triggered switches, wake‐up radios in wireless networks, stand‐by units in home electronics etc.
50 Gbit/s uncooled operation (5–85°C) of 1.3 µm electroabsorption modulator integrated with DFB laser
Authors: Fujisawa T. , Kanazawa S. , Kobayashi W. , Takahata K. , Ohki A. , Iga R. , Ishii H. 
Published: February 2013

The first uncooled operation (5–85°C) at 50 Gbit/s of a 1.3 µm electroabsorption modulator integrated with a DFB laser is achieved and 10 km transmission on singlemode fibre with very clear eye openings is demonstrated.
Room‐temperature operation of transistor vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser
Authors: Yu X. , Xiang Y. , Berggren J. , Zabel T. , Hammar M. , Akram N. , Shi W. , Chrostowski L. 
Published: February 2013

The first room‐temperature operation of a transistor vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser (T‐VCSEL) is demonstrated. Fabricated using an epitaxial regrowth process, the T‐VCSEL is electrically a pnp‐type bipolar junction transistor and consists of an undoped AlGaAs/GaAs bottom DBR, an InGaAs triple‐quantum‐well active layer, an Si/SiO2 dielectric top DBR, and an intracavity contacting scheme with three electrical terminals. The output power is controlled by the base current in combination with the emitter‐collector voltage, showing a voltage‐controlled operation mode. A low threshold base‐current of 0.8 mA and an output power of 1.8 mW have been obtained at room temperature. Continuous‐wave operation was performed up to 50°C.
A Large-Scale Identification of Direct Targets of the Tomato MADS Box Transcription Factor RIPENING INHIBITOR Reveals the Regulation of Fruit Ripening
Authors: Fujisawa Masaki , Nakano Toshitsugu , Shima Yoko , Ito Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The fruit ripening developmental program is specific to plants bearing fleshy fruits and dramatically changes fruit characteristics, including color, aroma, and texture. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) MADS box transcription factor RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN), one of the earliest acting ripening regulators, is required for both ethylene-dependent and -independent ripening regulatory pathways. Recent studies have identified two dozen direct RIN targets, but many more RIN targets remain to be identified. Here, we report the large-scale identification of direct RIN targets by chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with DNA microarray analysis (ChIP-chip) targeting the predicted promoters of tomato genes. Our combined ChIP-chip and transcriptome analysis identified 241 direct RIN target genes that contain a RIN binding site and exhibit RIN-dependent positive or negative regulation during fruit ripening, suggesting that RIN has both activator and repressor roles. Examination of the predicted functions of RIN targets revealed that RIN participates in the regulation of lycopene accumulation, ethylene production, chlorophyll degradation, and many other physiological processes. Analysis of the effect of ethylene using 1-methylcyclopropene revealed that the positively regulated subset of RIN targets includes ethylene-sensitive and -insensitive transcription factors. Intriguingly, ethylene is involved in the upregulation of RIN expression during ripening. These results suggest that tomato fruit ripening is regulated by the interaction between RIN and ethylene signaling.
Combined effects of arthropod herbivores and phytopathogens on plant performance
Authors: Hauser Thure P. , Christensen Stina , Heimes Christine , Kiær Lars P. 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Many plants are simultaneously attacked by arthropod herbivores and phytopathogens. These may affect each other directly and indirectly, enhancing or reducing the amount of plant resources they each consume. Ultimately, this may reduce or enhance plant performance relative to what should be expected from the added impacts of herbivore and pathogen when they attack alone.

Previous studies have suggested synergistic and antagonistic impacts on plant performance from certain combinations of arthropods and pathogens, for example, synergistic impacts from necrotrophic pathogens together with wounding arthropods because of facilitated infection and antagonistic impacts from induction of pathogen resistance by sucking herbivores.

We compiled published studies on the impact of plant–herbivore–pathogen interactions on plant performance and used meta‐analysis to search for consistent patterns of impacts among plant, herbivore and pathogen characteristics and experimental conditions, and to test the suggested hypotheses on synergistic or antagonistic impacts.

None of the hypotheses based on proximate interactions between arthropods and pathogens were supported by our analysis; in contrast, the patterns we found were related to plant traits and experimental conditions.

Our results suggest that immediate loss of resources from interactions between arthropod herbivores and pathogens is generally moderated by compensation to an extent where there are no interactive effects on plant performance. However, as interactive impacts also differed among environments and parasite manipulation methods, this suggests that the ability of plants to compensate such losses may depend on environmental conditions and probably also overall infection load.
Characterisation of two wheat enolase cDNA showing distinct patterns of expression in leaf and crown tissues of plants exposed to low temperature
Authors: Sharma P. , Ganeshan S. , Fowler D.B. , Chibbar R.N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSeasonal low temperature (LT) adversely affects growth of plants. The onset of LT in temperate zones also entails the process of cold acclimation, preparing the plants to withstand freezing temperatures. During this process of cold acclimation a number of physiological, biochemical and molecular changes occur. A differentially expressed enolase gene in wheat plants exposed to LT was previously identified by cDNA‐amplified fragment length polymorphism. In this study, two wheat enolase cDNA, TaENO‐a and TaENO‐b amplified by 5′,3′ rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE)‐PCR (polymerase chain reaction), were isolated and characterised. Quantitative real‐time PCR (QPCR) was done to assess their expression patterns in leaf and crown tissues of wheat plants exposed to LT. BLAST searches and bioinformatic analyses were done to determine the structure, domains and phylogeny of the cloned sequences. The two cDNA sequences differed mostly in the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions. Deduced amino acid sequence showed high identity to bacteria, yeast, fungi, human and plant enolases with conserved putative DNA‐binding and repressor domains. A genomic clone containing 17 exons distributed over 4.5 kb structurally shared a high degree of similarity to rice enolase. QPCR revealed combined effects of LT and ageing on expression of TaENO‐a and TaENO‐b. Down‐regulation of TaENO‐a was observed with age in the crown tissues upon exposure to LT, but in leaf initial up‐regulation was followed by down‐regulation. Expression of TaENO‐b was similar to expression patterns previously reported for cold‐regulated (COR) genes in wheat, wherein the recessive vrnA‐1 allele influenced its expression in the leaf and genetic background determines its expression in the crown.
Understanding Autism and understanding my child with Autism: An evaluation of a group parent education program in rural Australia
Authors: Farmer Judy , Reupert Andrea 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and evaluate a six‐session program provided to parents of children with Autism in rural Australia. The program was designed to improve parent's knowledge and understanding of Autism, improve their confidence in managing their child and decrease parental anxiety.DesignA self‐constructed questionnaire administered pre‐ and post‐intervention.SettingAn early intervention centre in a large town in rural Victoria.ParticipantsNinety‐eight parents (or family members) of young children primarily aged 2–6 years of age, diagnosed with Autism.InterventionsA ‘multi‐stranded content’ program was offered over six evenings. Ten programs were conducted over six years.ResultsThe pre‐ versus post‐session analysis using a paired t‐test on matched person‐to‐person parental responses (n = 92) showed significant increases in parental understanding of Autism and understanding of their own child (P < 0.001), and in understanding the communication, sensory, social, learning and behavioural features of Autism (P < 0.001). Significant increases in parental confidence and a significant reduction in parental anxiety were also shown (P < 0.001). Qualitative data indicated that parents valued learning about the general nature of Autism and sensory processing, and reported feeling less alone.ConclusionsThe six‐week program was successful in terms of its aims. Parent feedback indicated that ongoing parent education sessions at regular intervals would enhance the impact of the program.
Commentary: Eyes wide shut in transnational science and aid
Authors: REDFIELD PETER 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTResponding to the problem of unknowing in the contemporary pursuit of knowledge, my commentary on Wenzel Geissler's article extends its themes to a parallel, overlapping domain of humanitarianism. The provision of medical aid shares the preference of research trials for an egalitarian style and similarly avoids recognizing the very inequities that structure its relations. The humanitarian embrace of exception and moral discourse likewise parallels the manner in which research partnerships elide obligation, emphasizing responsibility in terms of ethical regulation. When actors share a stake in not knowing, it complicates the critical task, requiring something other than simple unveiling.
Proxy citizenship and transnational advocacy: Colombian activists from Putumayo to Washington, DC
Authors: TATE WINIFRED 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTProxy citizenship is the mechanism through which certain rights of citizenship—the ability to make claims for redress to a state—are conferred on activists through relationships with NGOs. Focusing on advocacy from within the policy process, U.S. and Colombian NGOs channeled political legitimacy and rights of access to Colombians, whose claims emerge from the experience of governance as articulated through testimony. This process, and its roots within the shared history of the Putumayo region of Colombia and Washington, DC, reveals emerging practices of citizenship claims and transnational political participation.