bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxemia, Sleep Disturbances, and Depression Correlated with Fatigue in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Pan Jing , Zhao Peng , Cai Hao , Su Lei , Wood Kristofer , Shi Fu‐Dong , Fu Ying 
Published: June 2015

SummaryAimsAmong patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), fatigue is commonly complained about and is one of the most debilitating symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of fatigue and explore impacting factors attributed to fatigue in NMOSD.MethodsThirty‐three patients with NMOSD and twenty matched healthy controls were enrolled. A battery of self‐reported questionnaires was conducted to assess quality of sleep, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, depression, and level of activity of daily life. The structure of sleep was assessed by polysomnography with blood oxygen saturation monitored by noninvasive pulse oximeter. Brain and spinal cord lesions were evaluated by MRIs.ResultsFatigue was more severe and more prevalent among the patients with NMOSD compared with controls (fatigue score which ranges from 0 to 11 with higher scores indicating more severe fatigue: 6.4 ± 0.6 vs. 3.8 ± 0.4, P = 0.002; incidence, 64% vs. 35%, P = 0.043), and it was negatively associated with daily activity level (r = 0.455, P = 0.008). The patients with fatigue had higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, higher Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, lower blood oxygen state, and higher depression score than patients without fatigue; blood oxygen was especially negatively correlated with fatigue (nadir SpO2, r = −0.558, P = 0.001; mean SpO2, r = −0.457, P = 0.007); depression was also positively correlated with fatigue (r = 0.599, P < 0.001).ConclusionPatients with NMOSD experienced significant fatigue, which had an obvious impact on their daily activity. Fatigue in these patients was related to hypoxemia, sleep disturbances, and depression.
Psychosocial factors associated with work disability in men and women with diabetes: a pooled analysis of three occupational cohort studies
Authors: Ervasti J. , Kivimäki M. , Dray‐Spira R. , Head J. , Goldberg M. , Pentti J. , Jokela M. , Vahtera J. , Zins M. , Virtanen M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsTo examine the extent to which adverse psychosocial factors, such as living alone, psychological distress, job strain and low support from supervisor, increase the risk of work disability (sickness absence and disability pension) among employees with diabetes.MethodsIn this pooled analysis of individual‐participant data from three occupational cohort studies (the Finnish Public Sector Study, the British Whitehall II study, and the French GAZEL study), 1088 women and 949 men with diabetes were followed up to determine the duration (number of days) and frequency (number of spells) of work disability. The mean follow‐up periods were 3.2 years in the GAZEL study, 4.6 years in the Whitehall II study and 4.7 years in the Finnish Public Sector Study. Psychosocial factors and potential confounding factors were assessed at baseline using standard questionnaires. Study‐specific estimates were pooled using fixed‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsIn analysis adjusted for sociodemographic factors, health behaviours and comorbidities, participants with psychological distress had longer (rate ratio 1.66; 95% CI 1.31–2.09) and more frequent absences (rate ratio 1.33; 95% CI 1.19–1.49) compared with those with no psychological distress. Job strain was associated with slightly increased absence frequency (rate ratio 1.19 95% CI 1.05–1.35), but not with absence duration. Living alone and low supervisor support were not associated with absence duration or frequency. We observed no sex differences in these associations.ConclusionsPsychological distress was associated with increased duration and frequency of work disability among employees with diabetes. Job strain was associated with increased absence frequency but not with absence duration.
Use of antidiabetic and antidepressant drugs is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction: a nationwide register study
Authors: Rådholm K. , Wiréhn A.‐B. , Chalmers J. , Östgren C. J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsTo explore the gender‐ and age‐specific risk of developing a first myocardial infarction in people treated with antidiabetic and/or antidepressant drugs compared with people with no pharmaceutical treatment for diabetes or depression.MethodsA cohort of all Swedish residents aged 45–84 years (n = 4 083 719) was followed for a period of 3 years. Data were derived from three nationwide registers. The prescription and dispensing of antidiabetic and antidepressant drugs were used as markers of disease. All study subjects were reallocated according to treatment and the treatment categories were updated every year. Data were analysed using a Cox regression model with a time‐dependent variable. The outcome of interest was first fatal or non‐fatal myocardial infarction.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 42 840 people had a first myocardial infarction, 3511 of which were fatal. Women aged 45–64 years, receiving both antidiabetic and antidepressant drugs had a hazard ratio for myocardial infarction of 7.4 (95% CI 6.3–8.6) compared with women receiving neither. The corresponding hazard ratio for men was 3.1 (95% CI 2.8–3.6).ConclusionsThe combined use of antidiabetic and antidepressant drugs was associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction compared with use of either group of drugs alone. The increase in relative risk was greater in middle‐aged women than in middle‐aged men.
Dental treatment need and dental general anesthetics among preschool‐age children with cleft lip and palate in northern Finland
Authors: Lehtonen Ville , Sándor George K. , Ylikontiola Leena P. , Koskinen Sari , Pesonen Paula , Harila Virpi , Anttonen Vuokko 
Published: June 2015

Cleft lip and palate incidence is high in northern Finland. This study aimed to investigate the proportion of children in need of restorative dental treatment among cleft lip and palate patients in northern Finland, as well as their need for dental treatment under general anesthesia. The records of 183 cleft lip and palate patients, treated in Oulu University Hospital from 1997 to 2013, were reviewed. Data on dental caries were analyzed in association with cleft type, considering also the presence of syndromes. The frequency of dental general anesthetic (DGA) use, and of treatments, were also analyzed. Dental treatment need was most frequently observed, in this rather limited study population, in patients with the most severe deformities, namely bilateral cleft lip and palate, of whom 60% had caries. Among the study population, 11.5% (n = 21) had a syndrome. Of those, 57.1% had dental caries at the age of 3 or 6 yr, and only four could be treated without a DGA. Dental treatment under general anesthesia was performed in 14.8% of cleft patients without a syndrome, but in 38.1% of those with a syndrome. General anaesthesia is required for the provision of dental care more often in cleft (17.5%) than in non‐cleft (0.2%) patients, and especially for those with a syndrome.
How gender and financial self‐efficacy influence investment risk taking
Authors: Montford William , Goldsmith Ronald E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEvidence shows alarming numbers of US workers nearing retirement insufficiently save for this next life stage. Moreover, many women invest too conservatively. This finding is of particular concern as women typically live longer than men do, and thus, rely on accumulated savings for longer periods of time. This study extends work in the psychology of investing by examining the relationship between gender and investment risk and the role financial self‐efficacy (FSE) plays. Data collected from 182 US student subjects tested the hypotheses that women make less risky investments than men do and that FSE is positively related to the level of risk taken within investment portfolios. The results not only supported the hypotheses but also the analysis shows that FSE might account for the frequently observed gender difference associated with greater financial risk taking.
Atonement, Impassibility and the Communicatio Operationum
Authors: Duby Steven J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe biblical account of sin and the saving power of the cross stipulates that only one who is God himself can atone for the sin of the world. Older Protestant theologians expounded this scriptural teaching by using the christological concept of the communicatio operationum, without foregoing the doctrine of divine impassibility. However, in contemporary discussion of the atonement, the viability of the communicatio operationum and the impassibility of God have both been called into question. This article recognizes the need for God the Son himself to act and suffer directly on the cross but, in doing so, also argues that we can uphold the impassibility of God by recovering the communicatio operationum and setting out how it coheres with God's impassibility. I therefore discuss the exegetical purpose and dogmatic contours of the communicatio operationum and then display its relationship to God's impassibility in a retrieval of several moves in traditional Reformed theology proper and Christology, in particular the distinction between essence and person in God, the meaning of the enhypostasis of Christ's humanity and the meaning of the communicatio idiomatum.
Prosthodontic Rehabilitation with a Telescopic Prosthesis of a Nonsyndromic Oligodontia Patient
Authors: Sethuram Anil Kumar , Arora Vimal , Kumar Pal Arup , Singh Sandhu Harbir , Sahoo Nand Kishore , Guruprasada B.S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOligodontia is the congenital absence of six or more permanent teeth, excluding the third molars. Oligodontia of permanent dentition is a rare occurrence. Preservation of the remaining deciduous dentition in such situations is important for both functional and esthetic rehabilitation of the patient. This clinical report describes the rehabilitation of a 16‐year‐old male with oligodontia of permanent teeth treated by an interdisciplinary team of prosthodontist, pedodontist, and orthodontist. The remaining deciduous dentition was endodontically treated. Occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) of the deciduous dentition was assessed. A full‐mouth single piece porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal telescopic prosthesis for the maxillary and mandibular arches was planned with a minimal increase in OVD. The telescopic prosthesis provided excellent retention, stability, esthetics, and stress equalization on the remaining deciduous dentition. Maintenance of oral hygiene procedures was simplified for the adolescent with the telescopic prosthesis. Preservation of remaining deciduous dentition and fabrication of a telescopic prosthesis in this patient provided an effective esthetic and functional rehabilitation.
A Technique to Evaluate the Space for Retentive Components under a Removable Prosthesis
Authors: Hsu Yung‐tsung 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSpace analysis for retentive components is a critical part of a treatment plan for an implant‐retained prosthesis. This article describes a technique to evaluate the retentive component space between the mucosa and intaglio surface of a removable prosthesis. This technique uses a silicone mold to represent the relieved space. Two silicone matrices are fabricated over the silicone space replica as a reference for selecting or fabricating retentive components for the implant‐retained removable prosthesis.
Fabricating Complete Dentures with CAD/CAM and RP Technologies
Authors: Bilgin Mehmet Selim , Erdem Ali , Aglarci Osman Sami , Dilber Erhan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTwo techological approaches for fabricating dentures; computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and rapid prototyping (RP), are combined with the conventional techniques of impression and jaw relation recording to determine their feasibility and applicability. Maxillary and mandibular edentulous jaw models were produced using silicone molds. After obtaining a gypsum working model, acrylic bases were crafted, and occlusal rims for each model were fabricated with previously determined standard vertical and centric relationships. The maxillary and mandibular relationships were recorded with guides. The occlusal rims were then scanned with a digital scanner. The alignment of the maxillary and mandibular teeth was verified. The teeth in each arch were fabricated in one piece, or set, either by CAM or RP. Conventional waxing and flasking was then performed for both methods. These techniques obviate a practitioner's need for technicians during design and provide the patient with an opportunity to participate in esthetic design with the dentist. In addition, CAD/CAM and RP reduce chair time; however, the materials and techniques need further improvements. Both CAD/CAM and RP techniques seem promising for reducing chair time and allowing the patient to participate in esthetics design. Furthermore, the one‐set aligned artificial tooth design may increase the acrylic's durability.
Time Trends in Bullying Behavior in Italy
Authors: Vieno Alessio , Lenzi Michela , Gini Gianluca , Pozzoli Tiziana , Cavallo Franco , Santinello Massimo 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDGiven the severity of outcomes associated with involvement in bullying and the resources spent in an effort to reduce its prevalence, it is important to investigate trends in the bullying's occurrence. The main aim of this study was to identify trends from 2002 to 2010 in prevalence of bullying and victimization among Italian adolescents.METHODSThe survey reported here is part of the larger population‐based cross‐sectional (2002, 2006, and 2010) “Health Behaviour in School Aged Children” (HBSC) transnational study. The sample was comprised of 13,174 Italian middle and secondary school students (11‐ to 15‐year‐olds; 50.3% girls). Data were collected through a self‐report questionnaire. Measures included involvement in bullying as either a perpetrator or a victim. Trends were determined using Gamma statistics.RESULTSConsistent and robust decreases in the prevalence of bullying between 2002 and 2010 were detected in Italy. During this time frame both frequent and occasional bullying and victimization decreased by half.CONCLUSIONSWe measured a strong decrease in involvement in bullying behavior in Italy, in particular after 2006, when the Italian government invested more systematically in the prevention effort on bullying. This is encouraging news for policymakers and practitioners working in the field of bullying prevention.
The Role of Community, Family, Peer, and School Factors in Group Bullying: Implications for School‐Based Intervention
Authors: Mann Michael J. , Kristjansson Alfgeir L. , Sigfusdottir Inga Dora , Smith Megan L. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAlthough an ecological perspective suggests the importance of multiple levels of intervention, most bullying research has emphasized individual‐ and school‐focused strategies. This study investigated community and family factors that influence school efforts to reduce odds of group bullying behavior and victimization.METHODSWe used multilevel logistic regression to analyze data from the 2009 Youth in Iceland population school survey (N = 7084, response rate: 83.5%, 50.8% girls).RESULTSParental support and time spent with parents were protective against group bullying behavior while worsening relationships with teachers and disliking school increased the likelihood of such behavior. Knowing kids in the area increased the likelihood of group bullying while intergenerational closure was a protective factor. Normlessness was consistently positively related to group bullying. We found no indication of higher‐level relationships across the bullying models. Parental support was protective against victimization. Disliking school, intergenerational closure, and anomie/normlessness were strongly and negatively related to victimization. We found some indication of multilevel relationships for victimization.CONCLUSIONSFindings support efforts to increase family and community connection, closure, and support as a part of school‐based intervention. These factors become more important as young people participate in or experience greater odds of group bullying behavior and victimization.
Aggressive and Violent Behaviors in the School Environment Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescent Youth
Authors: Rajan Sonali , Namdar Rachel , Ruggles Kelly V. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of aggressive and violent behaviors in the context of the school environment in a nationally representative sample of adolescent youth and to illustrate these patterns during 2001‐2011.METHODSWe analyzed data from 84,734 participants via the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS). Frequencies were visualized using heatmaps. One‐way analyses of variance and corresponding post hoc tests helped to identify if differences in prevalence fluctuated significantly across all years.RESULTSRates of youth feeling unsafe in their school environment, bringing weapons to school, and engaging in physical fighting on school property continue to persist. Findings illustrated that Hispanic youth and youth classified as “other” have emerged as particularly high‐risk demographic subgroups over the past decade. Peer victimization and sexual victimization continue to affect girls disproportionately.CONCLUSIONSThough some variation within demographic subgroups exists, rates of aggressive and violent behaviors in the context of the school environment continue to persist. Implications for the coordinated prevention of aggressive and violent behaviors among adolescent youth are discussed and recommendations for school‐based prevention efforts are identified.
Replacing corn with pearl millet (raw and sprouted) with and without enzyme in chickens' diet
Authors: Afsharmanesh M. , Ghorbani N. , Mehdipour Z. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryAn experiment was conducted to compare a commercial corn–soya bean meal diet with a pearl millet (raw and sprouted) diet containing less soya bean meal, alone or in combination with exogenous enzyme, on growth performance and ileal villus development of chicks. Two‐hundred‐and‐forty‐one‐day‐old male broilers (10/pen) were randomly allocated to one of the following dietary treatments: (i) a standard corn–soya bean meal control diet (CTL); (ii) a raw pearl millet‐soya bean meal diet (PM); (iii) a sprouted pearl millet‐soya bean meal diet (SPM); (iv) CTL + exogenous enzymes (CE); (v) PM + exogenous enzymes (PE); and (vi) SPM + exogenous enzymes (SPE) with four replicate pens/treatment. Body weight of birds at day 21 did not differ between those fed the CTL, and SPM and PE diets. In comparison with feeding broilers the CTL diet, feeding the PE and SPM diets caused significant decrease in feed intake, but with equivalent growth and feed efficiency. However, at day 21, feed conversion ratio did not differ between birds fed the CTL diet and those fed the PM, PE and SPM diets. At day 21, broilers fed the PM and PE diets had longer villi (p < 0.05) than those fed the CTL diet. At day 21, villi width was reduced (p < 0.05) by raw pearl millet supplementation than CTL diet. It is concluded that, in comparison with corn, broiler diets formulated with sprouted pearl millet or pearl millet with enzyme require less soya bean meal and can be used to improve growth performance traits and villus development.
Development of a Standardized Modular System for Experimental Coral Culture
Authors: Rocha Rui J. M. , Bontas Bogdan , Cartaxana Paulo , Leal Miguel C. , Ferreira José M. , Rosa Rui , Serôdio João , Calado Ricardo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe increasing interest in coral culture for reef restoration, biotechnological applications, and to supply the marine aquarium trade has prompted researchers to optimize coral culture protocols, with emphasis on ex situ production. However, the diversity of experimental systems employed to investigate ex situ coral production may be a bottleneck to the advance of the state of the art, as it impairs reliable comparisons between experiments, as well as the replication and optimization of culture protocols. This study presents a versatile modular culture system for experimental coral production ex situ, assembled using materials and equipments available from suppliers all over the world and thus allowing researchers worldwide to truly replicate experimental setups. The validation of the modular culture system was performed using the soft coral, Sarcophyton cf. glaucum, as a model organism. The validation experiment tested the effect of different light spectra on the photosynthetic performance, symbiont density, chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments concentration, survival, and growth of coral fragments. The validation experiment confirmed the potential of this modular culture system, which ultimately enables researchers to perform direct comparisons among experiments, and more efficiently contribute to advance ex situ coral aquaculture.
Comparison of the Intestinal Bacterial Flora in Healthy and Intestinal‐diseased Seahorses Hippocampus trimaculatus, Hippocampus erectus, and Hippocampus spinosissimus
Authors: Li Feng , Wang Kai , Luo Wei , Huang Liangmin , Lin Qiang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis investigation examined the intestinal microbial flora among healthy and intestinal‐diseased seahorses Hippocampus trimaculatus, Hippocampus erectus, and Hippocampus spinosissimus by utilizing polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and densitometric analysis. Results demonstrated that 16 disparate DGGE bands belong to six major bacterial groups, which were Vibrionace, Enterobacteriacea, Rhodobacteraceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, and Alcaligenaceae. It was found that Vibrionaceae was the dominant population among the healthy and intestinal‐diseased seahorses. Vibrio ponticus strain XJ3 and Vibrio neptunius strain WT82, especially V. ponticus strain XJ3 of high abundance, were identified for the first time in seahorses and concluded to be intestinal disease pathogens because of their co‐existence in three intestinal‐diseased seahorse species and other reported fish or oyster. In comparison, uncultured bacterium clone Alcaligenaceae, Vibrio sp., uncultured bacterium clone Rhodobacteraceae, Serratia nematodiphila strain, and Serratia marcescens strain comprised the basic intestinal bacterial flora of all healthy seahorses. This study is the first to report the presence of S. nematodiphila in seahorses.
Efficacy of an Extract from Garlic, Allium sativum, Against Infection with the Furunculosis Bacterium, Aeromonas salmonicida, in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Breyer Kate E. , Getchell Rodman G. , Cornwell Emily R. , Wooster Gregory A. , Ketola H. George , Bowser Paul R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractJuvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were fed diets containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% of a garlic extract, challenged with a modified 50% lethal dose of Aeromonas salmonicida and monitored for 28 d. There were significant increases in survival of trout fed 0.5 and 1.0% garlic extract as compared to the control and 2.0% garlic extract groups. A target animal safety study was performed at varying increments using the target dose of 0.5% garlic extract at 0× (0% garlic extract), 1× (0.5% garlic extract), 3× (1.5% garlic extract), and 5× (2.5% garlic extract) for 3× (6 wk) the duration of the original study. There was a significant increase in the level of circulating lymphocytes and a significant decrease in the level of circulating monocytes. The latter correlated to an increased level of pigment‐containing macrophage centers within the renal tissue as garlic extract dosing increased, denoting a potential deleterious inflammatory effect as macrophage infiltration became severe at the highest dose. These studies suggest that feeding low‐dose (0.5% or 1.0%) garlic extract improves survivability in rainbow trout when challenged with A. salmonicida and appears safe; however, higher levels do not appear to be effective and may cause deleterious effects on health.