bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new spatiotemporal convolutional neural network model for short-term crash prediction
Authors: Cai Bowen , Camarcat Léah , Shang Wen-long , Quddus Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPredicting short-term traffic crashes is challenging due to an imbalanced data set characterized by excessive zeros in noncrash counts, random crash occurrences, spatiotemporal correlation in crash counts, and inherent heterogeneity. Existing models struggle to effectively address these distinct characteristics in crash data. This paper proposes a new joint model by combining the time-series generalized regression neural network (TGRNN) model and the binomially weighted convolutional neural network (BWCNN) model. The joint model aims to capture all these characteristics in short-term crash prediction. The model was trained and tested using real-world, highly disaggregated traffic data collected with inductive loop detectors on the M1 motorway in the UK in 2019, along with crash data extracted from the UK National Accident Database for the same year. The short-term is defined as a 30-min interval, providing sufficient time for a traffic control center to implement interventions and mitigate potential hazards. The year was segmented into 30-min intervals, resulting in a highly imbalanced data set with over 99.99% noncrash samples. The joint model was applied to predict the probability of a crash occurrence by updating both the crash and traffic data every 30 min. The findings revealed that 75.3% of crashes and 81.6% of noncrash events were correctly predicted in the southbound direction. In the northbound direction, 78.1% of crashes and 80.2% of noncrash events were accurately captured. Causal analysis and model-based interpretation were used to analyze the relative importance of explanatory variables regarding their contribution to crashes. The results reveal that speed variance and speed are the most influential factors contributing to crash occurrence.
Portfolio democracy
Authors: McCarthy Michael A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this essay, I argue that Christophers’ description of asset-manager society is best characterized by a logic of ‘acquire and extract’. I build on his insights to delve into the less-explored world of emancipatory alternatives. I argue for radical transformations – what I term ‘democratic ruptures’ – that shift the investment logic of asset managers toward one of ‘build and nourish’. With insights from the failure to establish economic democracy over large pools of finance by unions in the postwar period, I argue that the crucial missing ingredient in the social and ecological disaster of asset-manager society today is democracy. I conclude with a radical reimagining of financial democracy for the twenty-first century.
Limits to asset manager adaptation
Authors: Condon Madison 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn Our Lives in Their Portfolios, Brett Christophers provides an account of the rise of ‘asset manager society’ – a world in which the infrastructures of public life are converted from public to private ownership. Here I use Christophers’ analysis to comment on growing calls for asset manager investment in climate adaptation. The asset manager business model requires ever-escalating returns, a poor fit with the now unavoidable losses that climate change promises to bring.
Seeing like an asset manager
Authors: Christophers Brett 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAsset managers have assumed a position of unprecedented power and influence in the control of essential infrastructures of social life, with broadly negative ramifications. But as the commentaries assembled here all insist, it did not – and does not – have to be this way. In this reply, I discuss the potential, as I see it, for the world to be otherwise, offering a rather pessimistic prognosis.
Navigating “Confidentiality”: Ghana’s National Reconciliation Commission’s “Sensitive” Records in Perspective
Authors: Afari Frank 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article focuses on Ghana’s National Reconciliation Commission’s (NRC) archival holdings, which hold enormous value as a source for scholarly research but constitute a target of destructive forces, prompting the government to impose restrictive policies to regulate access to them. This article argues that in spite of the prevailing restrictions, opportunities exist for original enquiry into the NRC and Ghana’s human rights history through the piecemeal and selective access offered by the various repositories to researchers.
The Bellwether of Oppression: Anger, Critique, and Resistance
Authors: Friedrich Jasper 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFeminists have long argued that emotions have a rightful place in politics. Anger, specifically, is often said to play a crucial role in alerting people to oppression and motivating resistance. The task of this paper is to elaborate these claims and to outline a conception of the political value of anger. In doing so, I argue against the view that anger is valuable only if and because it expresses a sound moral judgment. Instead, we should see rage, in the first place, as simply a response to having one's practical aims in the world thwarted—there need be nothing moral or righteous about this feeling for it to have political potential. Second, unlike those who highlight anger's connection with love or claims for equal dignity, I emphasize its tendency towards aggression. With this non-moralized conception of anger in hand, we can see how rage reveals practical problems in a way that can spur on a dialectical process of political articulation and organized action. The resulting standpoint from which one can articulate and resist one's oppression based on one's rage is not inherent in the experience of anger—rather, it needs to be seen as a political achievement in itself.
The Trials and Consolations of Migrant-Serving Faith-Based Organizations
Authors: Kerwin Donald 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article is a response to Christians in public and private life who favor policies, employ rhetoric, and view migrants in ways that contravene their faith traditions. Speaking primarily from the perspective of Christian migrant-serving, faith-based organizations in the United States, the author examines their challenges, sources of consolation, and understanding of migrants in light of their work and religious touchstones in an era of political polarization and unprecedented forced displacement. He outlines an inclusive path forward, rooted in a commitment to the common good, to solidarity with the displaced, and to a deeper understanding of the hopes, aspirations, and gifts of migrants.
“Granting” Justice, Debating Delinquency: The Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Offenses Control Act and the UNC Training Center on Delinquency and Youth Crime, 1961–1967
Authors: Short Julia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article argues that 1961 to 1967 was a critical period when federal, state, and academic institutions looked with hope toward emerging methods in behavioral and social psychology to train juvenile justice officials and to treat delinquent children. Reflecting liberal optimism regarding the possibility of reforming individual behavior without structural change, the Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Offenses Control Act of 1961 provided project funding to cities, nonprofits, and universities. Using the University of North Carolina’s Training Center on Delinquency and Youth Crime as a case study, this article examines how federal funding was used for “experiments” with group therapy, youth incarceration, and cocreation of juvenile justice. Though largely inconclusive, these experiments demonstrated the existence of alternatives to the hyperinstitutionalization of juvenile offenders that accelerated after the Supreme Court’s 1967 decision of In re Gault.
On the fringes of empire? Rethinking suburbs as colonial spaces in early modern South and Southeast Asia
Authors: Lyna Dries 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis survey challenges conventional perceptions of colonial suburbs in the early modern Indian Ocean world in general, and those under the rule of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in particular. Recent urban research advocates re-evaluating suburbs as intricate and diverse spaces, yet this shift has had limited impact on historical studies of early modern colonialism. The survey highlights the importance of recognizing suburban regions in eighteenth-century settlements such as Cape Town, Cochin, Colombo or Batavia, where significant population growth resulted from inter-Asian and internal migration. These areas fostered ethnic and cultural diversity, disrupting normative ideas of segregation. By shifting the analytical focus from the core to the periphery and exploring colonial histories from an outside-in perspective, the contribution emphasizes the potential of a more horizontal approach to sub/urbanity for understanding early modern colonial societies, encouraging scholars to delve into the intersection of ‘the imperial’ and ‘the urban’.
Supersonic Waves Generated by the 18 November 2023 Starship Flight and Explosions: Unexpected Northward Propagation and a Man‐Made Non‐chemical Depletion
Authors: Yasyukevich Y. V. , Vesnin A. M. , Astafyeva E. , Maletckii B. M. , Lebedev V. P. , Padokhin A. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOn 18 November 2023, SpaceX launched the Starship, the tallest and the most powerful rocket ever built. The Super Heavy engine separated from the Starship spacecraft and exploded at 90 km of altitude, while the main core Starship continued to rise up to 149 km and exploded after ∼8 min of flight. In this work, we used data from ground‐based GNSS receivers and we analyzed total electron content (TEC) response to the Starship flight and the two explosions. For the first time, we observed large‐distance northward propagation of intensive 2,000 km V‐shaped ionospheric disturbances from the rocket trajectory. The observed perturbations, most likely, represent shock waves propagating with the cone angle of ∼14° on the North and ∼7° on the South against the flight track that corresponds to the Mach angle of the shock waves in the lower atmosphere. The Starship explosion also produced a non‐chemical depletion in the ionospheric TEC.
CRISPR screen of venetoclax response-associated genes identifies transcription factor ZNF740 as a key functional regulator
Authors: Zhang Lixia , Zhou Xinyue , Aryal Sajesan , Veasey Virginia , Zhang Pengcheng , Li Fu Jun , Luan Yu , Bhatia Ravi , Zhou Yang , Lu Rui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBCL-2 inhibitors such as venetoclax offer therapeutic promise in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other cancers, but drug resistance poses a significant challenge. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms that regulate venetoclax response. While correlative studies have identified numerous genes linked to venetoclax sensitivity, their direct impact on the drug response remains unclear. In this study, we targeted around 1400 genes upregulated in venetoclax-sensitive primary AML samples and carried out a CRISPR knockout screen to evaluate their direct effects on venetoclax response. Our screen identified the transcription factor ZNF740 as a critical regulator, with its expression consistently predicting venetoclax sensitivity across subtypes of the FAB classification. ZNF740 depletion leads to increased resistance to ventoclax, while its overexpression enhances sensitivity to the drug. Mechanistically, our integrative transcriptomic and genomic analysis identifies NOXA as a direct target of ZNF740, which negatively regulates MCL-1 protein stability. Loss of ZNF740 downregulates NOXA and increases the steady state protein levels of MCL-1 in AML cells. Restoring NOXA expression in ZNF740-depleted cells re-sensitizes AML cells to venetoclax treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that dual targeting of MCL-1 and BCL-2 effectively treats ZNF740-deficient AML in vivo. Together, our work systematically elucidates the causal relationship between venetoclax response signature genes and establishes ZNF740 as a novel transcription factor regulating venetoclax sensitivity.
Simulation-driven design of stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 immunogens
Authors: Nuqui Xandra , Casalino Lorenzo , Zhou Ling , Shehata Mohamed , Wang Albert , Tse Alexandra L. , Ojha Anupam A. , Kearns Fiona L. , Rosenfeld Mia A. , Miller Emily Happy , Acreman Cory M. , Ahn Surl-Hee , Chandran Kartik , McLellan Jason S. , Amaro Rommie E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe full-length prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) is the principal antigen of COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine efficacy has been impacted by emerging variants of concern that accumulate most of the sequence modifications in the immunodominant S1 subunit. S2, in contrast, is the most evolutionarily conserved region of the spike and can elicit broadly neutralizing and protective antibodies. Yet, S2’s usage as an alternative vaccine strategy is hampered by its general instability. Here, we use a simulation-driven approach to design S2-only immunogens stabilized in a closed prefusion conformation. Molecular simulations provide a mechanistic characterization of the S2 trimer’s opening, informing the design of tryptophan substitutions that impart kinetic and thermodynamic stabilization. Structural characterization via cryo-EM shows the molecular basis of S2 stabilization in the closed prefusion conformation. Informed by molecular simulations and corroborated by experiments, we report an engineered S2 immunogen that exhibits increased protein expression, superior thermostability, and preserved immunogenicity against sarbecoviruses.
Resilient water infrastructure partnerships in institutionally complex systems face challenging supply and financial risk tradeoffs
Authors: Hamilton A. L. , Reed P. M. , Gupta R. S. , Zeff H. B. , Characklis G. W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs regions around the world invest billions in new infrastructure to overcome increasing water scarcity, better guidance is needed to facilitate cooperative planning and investment in institutionally complex and interconnected water supply systems. This work combines detailed water resource system ensemble modeling with multiobjective intelligent search to explore infrastructure investment partnership design in the context of ongoing canal rehabilitation and groundwater banking in California. Here we demonstrate that severe tradeoffs can emerge between conflicting goals related to water supply deliveries, partnership size, and the underlying financial risks associated with cooperative infrastructure investments. We show how hydroclimatic variability and institutional complexity can create significant uncertainty in realized water supply benefits and heterogeneity in partners’ financial risks that threaten infrastructure investment partnership viability. We demonstrate how multiobjective intelligent search can design partnerships with substantially higher water supply benefits and a fraction of the financial risk compared to status quo planning processes. This work has important implications globally for efforts to use cooperative infrastructure investments to enhance the climate resilience and financial stability of water supply systems.
Grasp and remember: the impact of human and robotic actions on object preference and memory
Authors: Kafkas Alex , Rowland Megan , Gallina Paolo , Ticini Luca F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGoal contagion, the tendency to adopt others' goals, significantly impacts cognitive processes, which gains particular importance in the emerging field of human–robot interactions. The present study explored how observing human versus robotic actions affects preference and memory. Series of objects undergoing either human or robotic grasping actions together with static (no action) objects were presented, while participants indicated their preference for each object. After a short delay, their memory for grasped, static and new (unstudied) stimuli was tested. Human actions enhanced preference and subsequent recollection of objects, more than robotic actions. In the context of human action, static objects were also perceived as more familiar at recognition. The goal contagion's influence on memory was found to be independent from its impact on preference. These findings highlight the critical role of human interaction in eliciting the impact of goal contagion on cognitive evaluations, memory engagement and the creation of detailed associative memories.
Differential expression of ion channel coding genes in the endometrium of women experiencing recurrent implantation failures
Authors: Davoodi Nik Bahar , Hashemi Karoii Danial , Favaedi Raha , Ramazanali Fariba , Jahangiri Maryam , Movaghar Bahar , Shahhoseini Maryam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOur study probed the differences in ion channel gene expression in the endometrium of women with Recurrent Implantation Failure (RIF) compared to fertile women. We analyzed the relative expression of genes coding for T-type Ca2+, ENaC, CFTR, and KCNQ1 channels in endometrial samples from 20 RIF-affected and 10 control women, aged 22–35, via microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, we examined DNA methylation in the regulatory region of KCNQ1 using ChIP real-time PCR. The bioinformatics component of our research included Gene Ontology analysis, protein–protein interaction networks, and signaling pathway mapping to identify key biological processes and pathways implicated in RIF. This led to the discovery of significant alterations in the expression of ion channel genes in RIF women’s endometrium, most notably an overexpression of CFTR and reduced expression of SCNN1A, SCNN1B, SCNN1G, CACNA1H, and KCNQ1. A higher DNA methylation level of KCNQ1’s regulatory region was also observed in RIF patients. Gene-set enrichment analysis highlighted a significant presence of genes involved with ion transport and membrane potential regulation, particularly in sodium and calcium channel complexes, which are vital for cation movement across cell membranes. Genes were also enriched in broader ion channel and transmembrane transporter complexes, underscoring their potential extensive role in cellular ion homeostasis and signaling. These findings suggest a potential involvement of ion channels in the pathology of implantation failure, offering new insights into the mechanisms behind RIF and possible therapeutic targets.
Plasmon-driven chemical transformation of a secondary amide probed by surface enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Dutta Anushree , Ončák Milan , Izadi Farhad , Arthur-Baidoo Eugene , Ameixa João , Denifl Stephan , Bald Ilko 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlasmon-driven chemical conversion is gaining burgeoning interest in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we study the reactivity of N-methyl-4-sulfanylbenzamide (NMSB) at nanocavities of gold and silver nanoparticle aggregates under plasmonic excitation to gain understanding of the respective reaction mechanism. NMSB is a secondary amide, which is a frequent binding motive found in peptides and a common coupling product of organic molecules and biomolecules. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is used as a two-in-one in-situ spectroscopic tool to initiate the molecular transformation process and simultaneously monitor and analyze the reaction products. Supported by dissociative electron attachment (DEA) studies with the gas phase molecule, a hot electron-mediated conversion of NMSB to p-mercaptobenzamide and p-mercaptobenzonitrile is proposed at the plasmonic nanocavities. The reaction rate showed negligible dependence on the external temperature, ruling out the dominant role of heat in the chemical transformation at the plasmonic interface. This is reflected in the absence of a superlinear relationship between the reaction rate constant and the laser power density, and DEA and SERS studies indicate a hot-electron mediated pathway. We conclude that the overall reaction rate is limited by the availability of energetic hot electrons to the NMSB molecule.
Backward Chaining in der Rehabilitation sturzbedingter Hüftfrakturen
Authors: Leonhardt Rebekka , Knopf Andrea , Lindemann Ulrich , Becker Clemens , Noutsou Foteini , Mikolaizak A. Stefanie 
Published: August 2024

Hintergrund Im Alter gilt die mangelnde Fähigkeit, selbständig vom Boden aufzustehen, als Risikofaktor für zukünftige Stürze und den Schweregrad sturzbedingter Verletzungen. Mit der Backward-Chaining-Methode (BCM) kann diese Fähigkeit verbessert werden.
Ziel In einer Machbarkeitsstudie wurde der Einsatz der BCM bei älteren Patient*innen mit sturzbedingter Hüftfraktur im Rahmen der geriatrischen Rehabilitation untersucht. Der Fokus lag dabei auf der Anwendbarkeit der Methode.
Methode Die Intervention fand im Zeitraum von 2 Wochen 3-mal wöchentlich zusätzlich zum konventionellen Rehabilitationsprogramm erst im physiotherapeutischen Einzel-, später im Gruppensetting statt. Primäre Endpunkte waren Anwendbarkeit und Adhärenz. Sekundäre Endpunkte waren die Auswirkung auf die Sturzangst und die motorischen Fähigkeiten des Sitz-Stand-Transfers, des Gehens und des sicheren Aufstehens vom Boden.
Ergebnisse Mit einer Eignungsrate von 38 und einer Rekrutierungsrate von 82 Prozent der für die Studie geeigneten Proband*innen wurden 14 Patient*innen (mittleres Alter 83 Jahre) einer Rehabilitationseinrichtung in die Studie eingeschlossen. Es gab keine studienbedingten, unerwünschten Ereignisse. Alle Teilnehmenden beendeten die Intervention (100 % Adhärenz). Bezogen auf die Anwendbarkeit ist eine Anpassung der Methode bei Knieschmerzen möglich. Die Medianwerte aller sekundären Endpunkte verbesserten sich im Verlauf der Studie.
Schlussfolgerung Die BCM lässt sich in der geriatrischen Rehabilitation bei Patient*innen mit sturzbedingter Hüftfraktur erfolgreich anwenden. Weitere Studien sollten den Langzeiteffekt der BCM prüfen.
Realizing the Full Potential of Clinical Decision Support: Translating Usability Testing into Routine Practice in Health Care Operations
Authors: Kandaswamy Swaminathan , Williams Herbert , Thompson Sarah Anne , Dawson Thomas Elijah , Muthu Naveen , Orenstein Evan William 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Clinical Decision Support (CDS) tools have a mixed record of effectiveness, often due to inadequate alignment with clinical workflows and poor usability. While there is a consensus that usability testing methods address these issues, in practice, usability testing is generally only used for selected projects (such as funded research studies). There is a critical need for CDS operations to apply usability testing to all CDS implementations.
Objectives In this State of the Art/Best Practice paper, we share challenges with scaling usability in health care operations and alternative methods and CDS governance structures to enable usability testing as a routine practice.
Methods We coalesce our experience and results of applying guerilla in situ usability testing to over 20 projects in a 1-year period with the proposed solution.
Results We demonstrate the feasibility of adopting “guerilla in situ usability testing” in operations and their effectiveness in incorporating user feedback and improving design.
Conclusion Although some methodological rigor was relaxed to accommodate operational speed, the benefits outweighed the limitations. Broader adoption of usability testing may transform CDS implementation and improve health outcomes.