bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic Analysis Reveals Nitric Oxide Functions in Promoting Etiolated Barley Seedlings Greening
Authors: Chen Juan , Hu Wen‐Jun , Wang Chao , Liu Ting‐Wu , Xiao Qiang , He Bin‐Yuan , Wang Wen‐Hua , Chen Juan , Zheng Hai‐Lei 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTLight‐mediated greening is one of the most dramatic developmental processes in crops. Nitric oxide (NO), a signaling molecule, plays a critical role in crop growth and development. In this study, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, was found to significantly increase the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity during greening of etiolated barley seedlings. Improved chloroplast development was also observed. To better understand the promotion mechanism of NO in greening, differentially expressed proteins from barley seedlings with and without SNP treatment were investigated by proteomic analysis. Among more than 1000 protein spots separated, 85 of them were significantly changed by SNP treatment. Fifteen of these 85 protein spots were identified to be related to photosynthesis. In addition, a set of proteins, which are associated with metabolism, energy production and conversion, defense and development, signal transduction, hormones, transcription, and post‐translation modification were also regulated by NO. Taken together, these results reveal a comprehensive protein network regulated by NO in greening and facilitate the understanding of NO signaling in greening of etiolated plants.
Sources of Resistance to Sunflower Diseasesin a Global Collection of Domesticated USDA Plant Introductions
Authors: Talukder Zahirul I. , Hulke Brent S. , Marek Laura F. , Gulya Thomas J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTBasal stalk rot (BSR) and head rot (HR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary are traditionally major diseases of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the United States, while Phomopsis stem canker (PSC) caused by Phomopsis helianthi Munt.‐Cvet. et al. has become increasingly damaging in recent years. Host resistance is the most effective approach to managing these diseases. Here we report new sources of resistance to these diseases identified in the USDA sunflower Plant Introduction (PI) collection. A total of 260 PIs, including USDA‐ARS–developed inbred lines, were tested in multiple years and locations of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota. The effects of genotype (G), environment (E), and G × E interaction were significant. Broad sense heritability (H2) for BSR, HR, and PSC were estimated as 0.70, 0.79, and 0.83, respectively, reflecting a large genetic variation in the panel for these diseases. A total of 6.2, 29.6, and 36.9% of the genotypes showed significantly higher resistance than checks against BSR, HR, and PSC, respectively. Two PIs, 531389 and 531366, were significantly more resistant than checks against all three diseases. Head rot disease incidence was positively correlated with PSC (r = 0.52, p < 0.0001), while it was negatively correlated with BSR (r = −0.16, p < 0.05). A total of 13 PIs, mostly from Hungary, exhibited dual resistance against HR and PSC. Overall, sufficient variation exists among germplasm sources to facilitate further resistance breeding of sunflower against BSR, HR, and PSC diseases.
Establishment and Rooting Response of Bermudagrass Propagated with Saline Water and Subsurface Irrigation
Authors: Serena Matteo , Leinauer Bernd , Schiavon Marco , Maier Bernd , Sallenave Rossana 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIrrigating with non‐potable, saline water using a subsurface drip system has been suggested as a strategy to conserve water used for turfgrass. However, it is unknown if turfgrasses can be established from sod when saline water is applied from the subsurface. A two‐year study was conducted at New Mexico State University to investigate the establishment of ‘Princess 77’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] from sod, irrigated from either a sprinkler or a subsurface drip system, with potable (electrical conductivity [EC] = 0.6 dS m−1) or saline (EC = 2.2 dS m−1) water and propagated either early (mid‐March) or late (mid‐June). Establishment rate was calculated on the basis of percentage of green cover, which was determined by means of digital image analysis. At the end of each growing season, root samples were collected and analyzed for root weight density, root length density, and root diameter at three soil depths. When coverage data were averaged over water qualities, plots propagated in 2009 and irrigated from a sprinkler system established fastest, followed by sprinkler‐irrigated plots propagated in 2008. Drip‐irrigated plots were the slowest to reach full coverage. Root length density was higher in sprinkler‐irrigated plots than subsurface drip irrigation plots at all depths. In conclusion, early propagation of Princess 77 bermudagrass resulted in complete coverage with a denser root system at the end of the growing season, regardless of the water quality or irrigation system used. If propagated early, subsurface drip‐irrigated bermudagrass did not require supplemental irrigation from a temporary sprinkler system to successfully establish.
Antecedents and Consequences of Perceived Gender Discrimination in the Audit Profession
Authors: Dalton Derek W. , Cohen Jeffrey R. , Harp Nancy L. , McMillan Jeffrey J. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARY:
This paper tests a model of perceived gender discrimination in the audit profession. Using a sample of 234 female auditors employed in public accounting firms, we examine the effects of workgroup composition factors and organizational climate factors on perceived gender discrimination, along with the impact of perceived gender discrimination on several critical organizational outcomes. We find that female auditors report lower levels of gender discrimination when employed (1) in firms with more female partners, (2) in firms with stronger ethical climates, (3) in firms that are more supportive of alternative work arrangements, and (4) in firms that provide higher levels of top management support for the personal well-being of their employees. Further, we find that perceived gender discrimination is associated with lower organizational citizenship behavior and higher turnover intentions. Implications for research and public policy are discussed.
On the Use of Checklists in Auditing: A Commentary
Authors: Boritz J. Efrim , Timoshenko Lev M. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARY
Experimental studies concerning fraud (or “red flag”) checklists often are interpreted as providing evidence that checklists are dysfunctional because their use yields results inferior to unaided judgments (Hogan et al. 2008). However, some of the criticisms leveled against checklists are directed at generic checklists applied by individual auditors who combine the cues using their own judgment. Based on a review and synthesis of the literature on the use of checklists in auditing and other fields, we offer a framework for effective use of checklists that incorporates the nature of the audit task, checklist design, checklist application, and contextual factors. Our analysis of checklist research in auditing suggests that improvements to checklist design and to checklist application methods can make checklists more effective. In particular, with regard to fraud risk assessments, customizing checklists to fit both client circumstances and the characteristics of the fraud risk assessment task, along with auditor reliance on formal cue-combination models rather than on judgmental cue combinations, could make fraud checklists more effective than extant research implies.
Glycation of Apolipoprotein C1 Impairs Its CETP Inhibitory Property: Pathophysiological Relevance in Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bouillet Benjamin , Gautier Thomas , Blache Denis , Pais de Barros Jean-Paul , Duvillard Laurence , Petit Jean-Michel , Lagrost Laurent , Vergès Bruno 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE
Apolipoprotein (apo)C1 is a potent physiological inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). ApoC1 operates through its ability to modify the electrostatic charge at the lipoprotein surface. We aimed to determine whether the inhibitory ability of apoC1 is still effective in vivo in patients with diabetes and whether in vitro glycation of apoC1 influences its electrostatic charge and its CETP inhibitory effect.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
ApoC1 concentrations and CETP activity were measured in 70 type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients, 113 patients with type 2 diabetes, and 83 control subjects. The consequences of in vitro glycation by methylglyoxal on the electrostatic properties of apoC1 and on its inhibitory effect on CETP activity were studied. An isoelectric analysis of apoC1 was performed in patients with T1D and in normolipidemic-normoglycemic subjects.

RESULTS
An independent negative correlation was found between CETP activity and apoC1 in control subjects but not in patients with diabetes. HbA1c was independently associated with CETP activity in T1D patients. In vitro glycation of apoC1 modified its electrostatic charge and abrogated its ability to inhibit CETP activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The isoelectric point of apoC1 in T1D patients was significantly lower than that in control subjects.

CONCLUSIONS
The ability of apoC1 to inhibit CETP activity is impaired in patients with diabetes. Glycation of apoC1 leads to a change in its electrostatic properties that might account, at least in part, for a loss of constitutive CETP inhibition and an increase in plasma CETP activity in patients with diabetes.
Genetic Risk Score Associations With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in the Diabetes Heart Study
Authors: Cox Amanda J. , Hsu Fang-Chi , Ng Maggie C.Y. , Langefeld Carl D. , Freedman Barry I. , Carr J. Jeffrey , Bowden Donald W. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE
Given the high rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes, identifying and understanding predictors of CVD events and mortality could help inform clinical management in this high-risk group. Recent large-scale genetic studies may provide additional tools in this regard.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Genetic risk scores (GRSs) were constructed in 1,175 self-identified European American (EA) individuals comprising the family-based Diabetes Heart Study based on 1) 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 2) 30 SNPs with previously documented associations with CVD in genome-wide association studies. Associations between each GRS and a self-reported history of CVD, coronary artery calcified plaque (CAC) determined by noncontrast computed tomography scan, all-cause mortality, and CVD mortality were examined using marginal models with generalized estimating equations and Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS
The weighted 13-SNP GRS was associated with prior CVD (odds ratio [OR] 1.51 [95% CI 1.22–1.86]; P = 0.0002), CAC (β-coefficient [β] 0.22 [0.02–0.43]; P = 0.04) and CVD mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.35 [1.10–1.81]; P = 0.04) when adjusting for the other known CVD risk factors: age, sex, type 2 diabetes affection status, BMI, current smoking status, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The weighted 30-SNP GRS was also associated with prior CVD (OR 1.33 [1.08–1.65]; P = 0.008), CAC (β 0.29 [0.08–0.50]; P = 0.006), all-cause mortality (HR 1.28 [1.05–1.56]; P = 0.01), and CVD mortality (HR 1.46 [1.08–1.96]; P = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
These findings support the utility of two simple GRSs in examining genetic associations for adverse outcomes in EAs with type 2 diabetes.
Predictors of Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Children
Authors: Prince Rhiannon L. , Kuk Jennifer L. , Ambler Kathryn A. , Dhaliwal Jasmine , Ball Geoff D.C. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) in children and examine the demographic, adiposity, and lifestyle predictors of MHO status.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 8–17 year olds with a BMI ≥85th percentile who were enrolled in a multidisciplinary pediatric weight management clinic from 2005–2010. Demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and cardiometabolic data were retrieved by retrospective medical record review. Participants were dichotomized as either MHO or metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) according to two separate classification systems based on: 1) insulin resistance (IR) and 2) cardiometabolic risk (CR) factors (blood pressure, serum lipids, and glucose). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of MHO using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs.

RESULTS
The prevalence of MHO-IR was 31.5% (n = 57 of 181) and MHO-CR was 21.5% (n = 39 of 181). Waist circumference (OR 0.33 [95% CI 0.18–0.59]; P = 0.0002) and dietary fat intake (OR 0.56 [95% CI 0.31–0.95]; P = 0.04) were independent predictors of MHO-IR; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (OR 1.80 [95% CI 1.24–2.62]; P = 0.002) was the strongest independent predictor of MHO-CR.

CONCLUSIONS
Up to one in three children with obesity can be classified as MHO. Depending on the definition, adiposity and lifestyle behaviors both play important roles in predicting MHO status. These findings can inform for whom health services for managing pediatric obesity should be prioritized, especially in circumstances when boys and girls present with CR factors.
Migratory Activity of Circulating Mononuclear Cells Is Associated With Cardiovascular Mortality in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Spinetti Gaia , Specchia Claudia , Fortunato Orazio , Sangalli Elena , Clerici Giacomo , Caminiti Maurizio , Airoldi Flavio , Losa Sergio , Emanueli Costanza , Faglia Ezio , Madeddu Paolo 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE
Prediction of clinical outcome in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) is unsatisfactory. This prospective study investigates if the abundance and migratory activity of a subpopulation of circulating mononuclear cells, namely, CD45dimCD34posCXCR4posKDRpos cells, predict major amputation and cardiovascular death in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for CLI.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A consecutive series of 119 type 2 diabetic patients with CLI was enrolled. CD45dimCD34posCXCR4posKDRpos cells were assessed by flow cytometry upon isolation and also after spontaneous or stromal cell-derived factor 1α−directed migration in an in vitro assay. The association between basal cell counts and migratory activity and the risk of an event at 18-month follow-up was evaluated in a multivariable regression analysis.

RESULTS
Time-to-event analysis of amputation (n = 13) showed no association with the candidate predictors. Sixteen cardiovascular deaths occurred during 18 months of follow-up. Abundance of CD45dimCD34posCXCR4posKDRpos cells was not associated with cardiovascular mortality. Interestingly, in vitro migration of CD45dimCD34posCXCR4posKDRpos cells was higher in patients with cardiovascular death compared with event-free subjects (percentage of migrated cells median value and interquartile range, 0.03 [0.02–0.07] vs. 0.01 [0.01–0.03]; P = 0.0095). Multivariable regression model analysis showed that cell migration forecasts cardiovascular mortality independently of other validated predictors, such as age, diagnosed coronary artery disease, serum C-reactive protein, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. In this model, doubling of migrated cell counts increases the cardiovascular death hazard by 100% (P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
The new predictor could aid in the identification of high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes requiring special diagnostic and therapeutic care after revascularization.
HUMAN FACTOR — THE WEAKEST LINK OF SECURITY SYSTEM
Authors: Chojnowska Małgorzata , Królikowska Iwona 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
The authors of the following article reveal what happens with so-called ‘human factor’ on board during routine work as well as in life-threatening situations. They analyze two groups of variables, which determine safe behaviors: subjective (emotional, temperamental, sense of control, vocational experiences, individual experiences in emergencies) and social conditioning (organizational culture of workplace, safety culture). They point out, that in todays’ maritime education the analysis of human behaviors on board and broadening of ideals of maritime safety culture, are being devoted not enough attention. No safety system, even the most advanced one in respect of procedures, law, technology or corporeality can reduce all the possibilities of making a mistake by a human being. Therefore the authors put forward a thesis that it is a human factor that is the weakest link of security system. Based on this theory future trainings of mariners should focus on reduction of human factor in the process of making mistakes.
EVALUATION OF VESSEL SIMULATION MODEL COMPATIBILITY WITH ITS EQUIVALENT IN REALITY
Authors: Zwolan Piotr , Czaplewski Krzysztof 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Complex simulation systems are often used in order to enhance the safety level on newly designed navigation areas and to facilitate their verification process. The application of these systems supersedes older methods based on manoeuvring basins, wherein models minified in particular scales were used. Modern methods are definitely cheaper and require less work. The paper presents the method of assessment of the compatibility of a ship simulation model with its real counterpart. Access to the simulator’s components responsible for creating and editing bodies of water as well as ship models gives the possibility of their verification. Using cutting-edge navigation systems such as inertial systems, weather stations and GPS gives the possibility of obtaining indispensable information about ship’s behaviour under certain hydro-meteorological conditions.
Juvenile Growth and Morphological Traits of Micropropagated Black Locust (Robinia Pseudoacacia L.) Clones under Arid Site Conditions
Authors: Rédei Károly , Keserű Zsolt , Csiha Imre , Rásó János , Kamandiné Végh Ágnes , Antal Borbála 
Published: February 2014

Abstract -
In Hungary black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is considered as an important exotic stand-forming tree species growing mostly under unfavourable ecological conditions for forest management. Due to climate change effects its importance is increasing in many other countries, too. As a result of a selection programme new black locust clones were tested in clone trials. Juvenile growth and the morphological as well as phenological traits of four micropropagated black locust clones were evaluated in central Hungary under dry site conditions. Significant differences (P<5%) were found for DBH and field survival rate values. At age of 7 the clone R.p. ‘Bácska’ (’KH 56A 2/5’) appears to be especially promising for mass propagation. Tissue culture can be considered as a suitable tool for propagating superior individuals and offers new prospects for the rapid cloning of selected genotypes used for plantation forestry.
Modelling the Potential Distribution of Three Climate Zonal Tree Species for Present and Future Climate in Hungary
Authors: Móricz Norbert , Rasztovits Ervin , Gálos Borbála , Berki Imre , Eredics Attila , Loibl Wolfgang 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The potential distribution and composition rate of beech, sessile oak and Turkey oak were investigated for present and future climates (2036-2065 and 2071-2100) in Hungary. Membership functions were defined using the current composition rate (percentage of cover in forest compartments) of the tree species and the long-term climate expressed by the Ellenberg quotient to model the present and future tree species distribution and composition rate. The simulation results using the regional climate model REMO showed significant decline of beech and sessile oak in Hungary during the 21st century. By the middle of the century only about 35% of the present beech and 75% of the sessile oak stands will remain above their current potential distribution limit. By the end of the century beech forests may almost disappear from Hungary and sessile oak will also be found only along the Southwest border and in higher mountain regions. On the contrary the present occurrences of Turkey oak will be almost entirely preserved during the century however its distribution area will shift to the current sessile oak habitats.
Measuring the Bearing Capacity of Forest Roads with an Improved Benkelman Beam Apparatus
Authors: Markó Gergely , Primusz Péter , Péterfalvi József 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Bearing capacity measurements of roads were traditionally carried out using the Benkelman beam. The Benkelman beam measurements provide the maximum vertical deflection of the pavement under 50 kN of wheel load. Nowadays the bearing capacity of public roads is measured with falling weight deflectometers. Falling weight deflectometer measurements provide the full deflection basin. It is convenient to use these high precision instruments on forest roads, but their application is inefficient and costly. The Department of Forest Opening Up developed a new method to measure the full deflection basin with the Benkelman beam. Besides the instrument improvement the authors developed a new method for the processing of the deflection basin data. Results are presented through the case study of a 2nd class opening up forest road.
Mapping Forest Regeneration from Terrestrial Laser Scans
Authors: Brolly Gábor , Király Géza , Czimber Kornél 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Location, spread, abundance and density of forest regeneration are key factors in understanding forest dynamics as well as in operational management of uneven-aged stands. Simulation of forest growth, silviculture and planning of skid road networks require accurate and objective methods for locating forest regeneration. Terrestrial laser scanning has high potential for tree mapping, however, the development of automatic processing methods has been focused on mature trees so far. This study introduces an automatic procedure to locate individual trees with 3-6 meter height from terrestrial laser scanner data. The method has been validated on three sample quadrates representing different stand structures and it succeeded in detecting 79-90% of trees extracted manually from the point cloud. Out of the investigated stand features, stem density had the strongest impact on the performance, while branching intensity slightly affected the detection rate. The results highlight that terrestrial laser scanning has the ability for the quantitative evaluation of regeneration, providing a prospective tool for surveying forests of contiguous cover.
Working in Regional Agro-food Networks – Strengthening Rural Development through Cooperation
Authors: Burandt Annemarie , Lang Friederike , Schrader Regina , Thiem Anja 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Regional agro-food networks have an impact on the development of rural regions. Networks give small and medium sized enterprises the opportunity to gain access to further markets (e.g. through offering a wider common product range), to conduct more effective marketing or to synergize the variety of skills and knowhow of the network partners. Networks of the agricultural and food economy are also seen as a chance for rural regions because they can positively influence social and cultural lives as well as the natural and economic areas in regions.
We analysed regional networks of the agricultural and food economy, investigated the strengths and weaknesses in the structure of agro-food networks and developed options for action to strengthen the collaboration within the networks and their regional marketing.
In our paper we present the results of one case study in Eastern Germany. We show our findings of a strengths and weaknesses analysis and a constellation analysis. Therefore, success factors were identified and used to evaluate the networks qualitatively. In addition, we discuss how regional networks can support regional marketing and sustainable regional development.