bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Night-time consumption of protein or carbohydrate results in increased morning resting energy expenditure in active college-aged men
Authors: Madzima Takudzwa A. , Panton Lynn B. , Fretti Sarah K. , Kinsey Amber W. , Ormsbee Michael J. 
Published: June 2013

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether whey protein (WP), casein protein (CP), carbohydrate (CHO) or a non-energy-containing placebo (PLA) consumed before sleep alters morning appetite and resting energy expenditure (REE) in active men. A total of eleven men (age: 23·6 (sem 1·0) years; body fat: 16·3 (sem 2·5) %) participated in this randomised, double-blind, cross-over study. A single dose of WP (30 g), CP (30 g), CHO (33 g) or PLA was consumed 30 min before sleep, and each trial was separated by 48–72 h. The next morning (05.00–08.00 hours), measurements of satiety, hunger and desire to eat and REE were taken. After a 30 min equilibration period, REE in the supine position was measured for 60 min. An analysis of 10 min mean intervals over the final 50 min of the measurement period was conducted. Statistical analyses were conducted using repeated-measures ANOVA for metabolic variables, and a one-way ANOVA was used for measuring changes in appetite markers. Group differences were examined by Tukey's post hoc analysis. There were no significant differences in appetite measures among the groups. There was a main group effect for REE. The predicted REE was significantly greater after consumption of the WP (8151 (sem 67) kJ/d), CP (8126 (sem 67) kJ/d) and CHO (7988 (sem 67) kJ/d) than after that of the PLA (7716 (sem 67) kJ/d, P <0·0001). There were no significant differences between the WP and CP groups in any metabolic measurements. Night-time consumption of WP, CP or CHO, in the hours close to sleep, elicits favourable effects on the next-morning metabolism when compared with that of a PLA in active young men.
Arguing Abortion: The New Anti-Abortion Discourse in Canada
Authors: Saurette Paul , Gordon Kelly 
Published: June 2013

Abstract.This article analyzes the nature of contemporary anti-abortion discourse in Canada. Based on a rigorous qualitative and quantitative analysis of the public discourse of a wide variety of influential actors, this study shows that contemporary anti-abortion discourse in Canada is quite different than the portrait offered by traditional accounts. Specifically, our analysis demonstrates that the new anti-abortion discourse aims at changing cultural values more than legislation; is explicitly framed as ‘pro-woman’; largely avoids appealing to religious grounds; and relies on a new ‘abortion-harms-women’ argument that has supplanted and transformed traditional fetal personhood arguments. The article argues that these findings are important as they provide a more accurate account of the political discourse surrounding one of the most contentious issues in politics today and because they illustrate broader ideological patterns that are increasingly characteristic of Canadian political discourse.Résumé.Cet article propose d'analyser la nature du discours contemporain sur l'anti-avortement au Canada. Fondée sur une analyse qualitative et quantitative rigoureuse du discours public d'une grande variété d'acteurs influents, cette étude démontre que le discours contemporain sur l'anti-avortement au Canada se distingue de manière caractéristique du portrait qu'il en a traditionnellement été donné. Notre analyse révèle en particulier que le nouveau discours sur l'anti-avortement vise plutôt à transformer les valeurs culturelles que la législation; qu'il est explicitement formulé comme étant « pro-femme »; qu'il évite de faire appel à des motifs religieux; et qu'il déploie un nouvel argument, « l'avortement-nuit-aux-femmes », qui évince et transforme les arguments traditionnels qui cherchaient à accorder le statut de personne au fétus. Cet article argumente alors que ces constats sont importants non seulement parce qu'ils permettent de brosser un tableau plus complet du discours politique qui touche à l'une des questions les plus controversée de la politique contemporaine, mais également parce qu'ils mettent en évidence des tendances idéologiques de plus en plus caractéristiques du discours politique au Canada.
THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF CASHEW (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.): A REVIEW
Authors: CARR M. K. V. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThe centre of origin of cashew is believed to be Brazil, from where it has spread since the 16th century throughout the tropics. In recent years, Vietnam has surpassed India to become the world's largest producer of cashew nut. Most of the research on the water relations of cashew has been done in Brazil, where it is both a large-scale commercial and a smallholder crop, and in Australia, where cashew is a possible emerging new crop. There are two ‘types’ of cashew: ‘talls’ and ‘dwarfs’. Both are evergreen trees in which vegetative growth occurs in a series of flushes. Flowers form annually on the end of branches in the dry season, and flowering continues for two to four months. It then takes about two months from pollination for the nut to mature. Roots can extend to great depths (>5 m), while cashew's wide-spreading rooting habit is critical to its successful adaptation to semi-arid/dry conditions. The optimum temperature for CO2 assimilation is in the range 25–35 °C. Progressive closure of the stomata occurs at saturation deficits of the air >1.5 kPa. In the field, differences in rates of gas exchange between irrigated and unirrigated cashew trees only become apparent three or four months after the end of the rains, the stomata playing an important role in maintaining a favourable leaf water status in dry conditions. Sap flow measurements indicate transpiration rates of 20–28 L d−1 tree−1. Irrigation can be beneficial during the period from flowering to the start of harvest, but reliable estimates of water productivity have yet to be established. The best/only estimate is 0.26 kg (nut in shell) m−3 (irrigation water). There is a continuing need to develop a method to estimate the water requirements of cashew, to identify where and when irrigation of cashew is likely to be justified and to develop a practical irrigation schedule.
Anin silicostructure-based approach to anti-infective drug discovery
Authors: CUNNINGHAM FRASER , McPHILLIE MARTIN J. , JOHNSON A. PETER , FISHWICK COLIN W. G. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYIn light of the low success rate of target-based genomics and HTS (High Throughput Screening) approaches in anti-infective drug discovery,in silicostructure-based drug design (SBDD) is becoming increasingly prominent at the forefront of drug discovery.In silicoSBDD can be used to identify novel enzyme inhibitors rapidly, where the strength of this approach lies with its ability to model and predict the outcome of protein-ligand binding. Over the past 10 years, our group have applied this approach to a diverse number of anti-infective drug targets ranging from bacterial D-ala-D-ala ligase toPlasmodium falciparumDHODH. Our search for new inhibitors has produced lead compounds with both enzyme and whole-cell activity with established on-target mode of action. This has been achieved with greater speed and efficiency compared with the more traditional HTS initiatives and at significantly reduced cost and manpower.
The deaths of Roald Amundsen and the crew of the Latham 47
Authors: May Karen , Lewis George 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTOn 18 June 1928, Roald Amundsen and a team of five men (René Guilbaud, Leif Dietrichson, Albert Cavelier de Cuverville, Gilbert Brazy and Emile Valette) flew in a French Latham 47 prototype aeroplane from Tromsø, Norway, to aid in the rescue of survivors of the crashed airship Italia. The party disappeared nearly without trace into the Barents Sea. We shall examine Amundsen's last years, the decision to employ for an Arctic relief mission a prototype aeroplane which had not completed its flight tests, and the evidence that, in deciding to disregard warnings and fly this aeroplane unaccompanied over the Barents Sea, Amundsen took a significant risk that led to his death and those of his crew.
Exploring the age-friendliness of purpose-built retirement communities: evidence from England
Authors: LIDDLE JENNIFER , SCHARF THOMAS , BARTLAM BERNADETTE , BERNARD MIRIAM , SIM JULIUS 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis article contributes to emerging debates around age-friendly environments, providing empirical evidence concerning the relative age-friendliness of purpose-built retirement communities. Adopting a new definition – ‘underpinned by a commitment to respect and social inclusion, an age-friendly community is engaged in a strategic and ongoing process to facilitate active ageing by optimising the community's physical and social environments and its supporting infrastructure’ – the article analyses the age-friendliness of one retirement community in England. The Longitudinal Study of Ageing in a Retirement Community (LARC) encompassed two waves of a survey with residents, interviews and focus groups with stakeholders involved in staffing, managing and designing the community, and other qualitative data collected from residents. Reviewing the different data sources, the article argues that purpose-built retirement communities have the potential to be age-friendly settings but might better involve residents in a regular cycle of planning, implementation, evaluation and continual improvement if they are to facilitate active ageing. In addition, more clarity is needed on how such developments can better fit with the age-friendly agenda, particularly in terms of their capacity to support ageing in place, the accessibility of the wider neighbourhood, opportunities for intergenerational interactions, and the training of staff to work with older people.
Policy coherency and regime complexes: the case of genetic resources
Authors: MORIN JEAN-FRÉDÉRIC , ORSINI AMANDINE 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study argues that ‘regime complexes’ and ‘policy coherence’ are two faces of the same integrative process. The development of regime complexes co-evolves with the pressures on decision makers to coordinate their policies in various issue-areas. Conceptually, we introduce a typology of policy coherency (erratic, strategic, functionalistic, and systemic) according to its procedural and substantive components. Empirically, by triangulating quantitative and qualitative data, we use this typology for the case of the genetic resources' regime complex to illustrate the links between regime complexes and policy coherency. Our results suggest that a coherent policymaking process favours integrated regime complexes, while greater exposure to a regime complex increases the pressure to have a coherent policymaking. This study fills a gap in the literature on regime complexes by providing a micro-macro model linking structure to agency.
Centaurea in South-West Asia: patterns of distribution and diversity
Authors: Wagenitz G. 
Published: June 2013

SynopsisIn SW Asia 260 species of Centaurea in 38 sections are recognised. Species numbers are highest in S and E Turkey and adjacent Iran and Iraq. East Iran and Afghanistan are poor in species. The number of sections is largest in NE Turkey (and adjacent Transcaucasia). Two hundred and one species are restricted to the area under study; the greatest number of narrow endemics is found in S and E Turkey. The subgenera and sections show quite different patterns of distribution and centres of diversity. The data presented point to E Anatolia and adjacent areas as the foremost centre of evolution for the genus and make probable a relatively recent speciation; an important secondary centre is S Turkey (and of course several other Mediterranean countries too). Some notes are added on the morphological variation in the genus and possible factors influencing its evolution.
Add-on clinical effects of selective antagonist of 5HT6 receptors AVN-211 (CD-008-0173) in patients with schizophrenia stabilized on antipsychotic treatment: pilot study
Authors: Morozova Margarita A. , Lepilkina Taisiya A. , Rupchev Georgy E. , Beniashvily Allan G. , Burminskiy Denis S. , Potanin Sergey S. , Bondarenko Evgeny V. , Kazey Vasily I. , Lavrovsky Yan , Ivachtchenko Alexandre V. 
Published: June 2013

The serotoninergic system as a target for add-on treatment seems to be a promising approach in patients with schizophrenia.ObjectiveTo clarify if selective 5HT-6 antagonist AVN-211 (CD-008-0173) adds clinical and cognitive effects to stable antipsychotic treatment.MethodsA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, add-on, 4r-week trial in 47 schizophrenia patients (21 patients receiving study drug and 26 receiving placebo) who were stabilized on antipsychotic medication was performed. Seventeen patients from the study drug group and 25 patients from the placebo group completed the trial. Treatment effects were measured using clinical rating scales and attention tests.ResultsWith no differences at baseline, there was a significant difference between the groups in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale score (p = 0.058) in favor of patients in the treatment group at the endpoint. The PANSS positive subscore (p = 0.0068) and Clinical Global Impression–Severity (CGI-S) (p = 0.048) score significantly changed only in the treatment group. Only in the placebo group were significant changes in Calgary Depression Rating Scale (CDRS) total score registered. The indices of attention tests at endpoint did not show differences between the groups, with the exception of the scope of change in the results of the subtest VIII of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), which showed difference between the groups (p = 0.02) and was significantly larger in the treatment group. Only inside the study drug group, significant changes in selectivity and continuous attention were observed regarding total correct responses (p = 0.0038) and reaction time (p = 0.058) in the Continuous Attention Task (CAT) test.ConclusionSelective 5HT6 antagonist AVN-211 (CD-008-0173) added antipsychotic and some procognitive (attention) effects to antipsychotic medication.
Psychological distress, gender and dietary factors in South Asians: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Bhattacharyya Mimi , Marston Louise , Walters Kate , D'Costa Gladstone , King Michael , Nazareth Irwin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivePsychological distress, defined as symptoms of depression and anxiety, is an increasingly important public health issue in developing countries. Little is known about the extent to which adverse dietary factors are associated with psychological distress in South Asians. Our aim was to compare the associations of diet and psychological distress in men and women in Goa, India.DesignCross-sectional study of consecutive attendees in nine urban and rural general practices in Goa, India in 2004–2005. All participants completed an FFQ on their dietary intake in a typical week. Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), a WHO-validated screening instrument.ResultsConsecutive attendees (n1512; 601 men and 911 women) aged 30 to 75 years participated. Moderate and high scores of psychological distress were detected in significantly more women than men (eighty-eight menv. 264 women, unadjusted OR = 0·39; 95 % CI 0·29, 0·52). Those who ate one or more portions of fish weekly had nearly half the prevalence of distress in both sexes (women, OR = 0·52; 95 % CI 0·29, 0·91; men, OR = 0·50; 95 % CI 0·25, 0·99) and this was independent of age, marital status, education, income, religion and living alone.ConclusionsPsychological distress is significantly lower with fish intake in both sexes. Further longitudinal work is needed to establish temporal relationships. Addressing psychological distress is becoming an increasingly significant public health priority in both high- and low-income countries.
Resolution of Bitot's spots following mega-dose vitamin A supplementation in children between 1 and 5 years of age
Authors: Kapil Umesh , Dwivedi Shraddha , Sachdev Harshpal S , Dwivedi SN , Pandey RM , Hirdyani Harsha , Upadhyay Ashish 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of Bitot's spots (BS) is often used to quantify vitamin A deficiency burden in India, both before and after mega-dose vitamin A supplementation (MVAS) programmes. However, the proportion of BS cured following this intervention is unclear in contemporary times. The current study evaluated the responsiveness of BS over 1 year to MVAS administered as per the national programme in rural India.DesignProspective, community-based, 1-year follow-up of a cohort.SettingRural Uttar Pradesh, India.SubjectsTwo hundred and sixty-two children with BS, aged between 1 and 5 years, administered 60 mg (retinol equivalent) of vitamin A on diagnosis and after 1 month. Cure or resolution was defined if there was no discernible BS in either eye.ResultsDuring 1 year, only three children were lost to follow-up. At 6 months of follow-up (MVAS at baseline and 1 month later), 51·1 (95% CI 45·3, 57·3) % were classified as cured. The corresponding figure at 1 year (additional MVAS at 6 months) was 59·9 (95% CI 54·1, 65·9) %. Among those cured at 6 months, about half and three-quarters had resolved at 2 and 3 months, respectively. Apart from male gender, there were no significant sociodemographic or clinical predictors of response.ConclusionsSubstantial non-response to MVAS at 6 months (49%) and 1 year (40%) of follow-up suggests that presently in the Indian subcontinent, BS is a relatively crude indicator of severe current vitamin A deficiency. For programmatic decisions and evaluation, the public health burden of vitamin A deficiency should not be assessed solely through BS.
Effects of methcathinone and 3-Cl-methcathinone (PAL-434) in cocaine discrimination or self-administration in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Kohut Stephen J. , Fivel Peter A. , Blough Bruce E. , Rothman Richard B. , Mello Nancy K. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Monoamine releasers with varying selectivity for dopamine (DA)/norepinephrine and serotonin (5-HT) release are potential treatment medications for cocaine abuse. Although DA-selective monoamine releasers effectively reduce cocaine abuse, their clinical usefulness is limited by abuse liability. It is hypothesized that increasing 5-HT neurotransmission may reduce the abuse-related effects of DA releasers, but the optimal DA:5-HT release ratio remains to be determined. This study in rhesus monkeys compared the effects of two compounds with differing potency for 5-HT release. Methcathinone and 3-Cl-methcathinone (PAL-434) have equal potency for DA release, but PAL-434 has 10-fold higher potency for 5-HT release. In drug discrimination studies, monkeys were trained to discriminate cocaine (0.4 mg/kg i.m.) from saline in a two-key, food-reinforced procedure. In drug self-administration studies, a separate group of monkeys was trained to respond for cocaine [0.01 mg/kg/injection (inj)] and food (1 g pellets) under a second order schedule of reinforcement [FR2(VR16:S)]. When responding was stable, methcathinone (0.1–0.56 mg/kg.h i.v.) or PAL-434 (0.32–1.8 mg/kg.h i.v.) was administered chronically (one injection every 20 min for 23 h/d) for 7–10 d. In discrimination studies, both compounds dose-dependently increased cocaine-like responding but with different potencies (cocaine=methcathinone >PAL-434). Chronic treatment with methcathinone or PAL-434 dose-dependently and selectively reduced cocaine self-administration. PAL-434 was about 4-fold and methcathinone about 1.6-fold more potent at decreasing cocaine-over food-maintained responding. These data suggest that compounds with moderate selectivity for DA vs. 5-HT release (8–15-fold) may be effective for the treatment of cocaine dependence.
Differential effect of lithium on spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase expression in suicidal behaviour
Authors: Squassina Alessio , Manchia Mirko , Chillotti Caterina , Deiana Valeria , Congiu Donatella , Paribello Francesco , Roncada Paola , Soggiu Alessio , Piras Cristian , Urbani Andrea , Robertson George S. , Keddy Paul , Turecki Gustavo , Rouleau Guy A. , Alda Martin , Del Zompo Maria 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn altered polyamine system has been suggested to play a key role in mood disorders and suicide, a hypothesis corroborated by the evidence that lithium inhibits the polyamine mediated stress response in the rat brain. Recent post-mortem studies have shown that spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SAT1), the key regulator of cellular polyamine content, is under-expressed in brains from suicide victims compared to controls. In our study we tested the effect of in vitro lithium treatment on SAT1 gene and protein expression in B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCLs) from bipolar disorder (BD) patients who committed suicide (and for which BLCLs were collected prior to their death), BD patients with high and low risk of suicide and a sample of non-psychiatric controls. Baseline mRNA levels were similar in the four groups of subjects (p > 0.05). Lithium had no effect in suicide completers (p > 0.05) while it significantly increased SAT1 expression in the high risk (p < 0.001) and low risk (p < 0.01) groups as well as in controls (p < 0.001). Protein and mRNA levels were not correlated; lithium significantly reduced protein levels only in the control sample (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that SAT1 transcription is influenced by lithium and that this effect is altered in BD patients who completed suicide, further supporting a role for polyamines in suicide.
My Experience as a Library Graduate Trainee in Law
Authors: Kent Natalie 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGraduate traineeships are an excellent way for people to enter into a career in libraries, providing a vast range of relevant experience. In the following article, last year's Graduate Trainee at Lincoln's Inn Library Natalie Kent, describes her experience as a trainee in law, outlining her background, role, training and visits, and reflects on the profession more widely.
Exploring User Training Needs at Middle Temple Law Library
Authors: Gow Erin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis research, conducted by Erin Gow, aims to explore the information literacy and legal research training needs of users of the Middle Temple library.* In order to do this it focuses on the patterns of use of library resources by users, reasons for these patterns, previous training users have received, and general evidence of user training needs in law libraries. The research as a whole was generated in result of the recognition that many Middle Temple library users require further legal research skills training in order to confidently find and employ the extensive resources available through the library. Before such training could be developed, however, research needed to be conducted into the specific capabilities and needs of the unique user base at the library. As a result of the research the current habits of library users have been explored, their general training levels and needs identified, and recommendations made about how to structure training so as to address these needs and best serve users. It was discovered that Middle Temple library users generally visit the library frequently, and are already confident using certain materials such as textbooks. Despite confidence in using certain common materials, users struggle to take advantage of the full range of resources available, making training necessary. The difficulties many users currently face in the library stem from a general lack of information literacy and library skills training.