bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular Reactivity Maps in Patients with Gliomas Using Breath‐Holding BOLD fMRI
Authors: Iranmahboob Amir , Peck Kyung K. , Brennan Nicole P. , Karimi Sasan , Fisicaro Ryan , Hou Bob , Holodny Andrei I. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETo evaluate whether breath‐holding (BH) blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) fMRI can quantify differences in vascular reactivity (VR), as there is a need for improved contrast mechanisms in gliomas.METHODS16 patients (gliomas, grade II = 5, III = 2, IV = 9) were evaluated using the BH paradigm: 4‐second single deep breath followed by 16 seconds of BH and 40 seconds of regular breathing for five cycles. VR was defined as the difference in BOLD signal between the minimal signal seen at the end of the deep breath and maximal signal seen at the end of BH (peak‐to‐trough). VR was measured for every voxel and compared for gray versus white matter and tumor versus normal contralateral brain. VR maps were compared to the areas of enhancement and FLAIR/T2 abnormality.RESULTSVR was significantly lower in normal white matter than gray matter (P < .05) and in tumors compared to the normal, contralateral brain (P < 0.002). The area of abnormal VR (1103 ± 659 mm2) was significantly greater (P = .019) than the enhancement (543 ± 530 mm2), but significantly smaller (P = .0011) than the FLAIR abnormality (2363 ± 1232 mm2). However, the variability in the areas of gadolinium contrast enhancement versus VR abnormality indicates that the contrast mechanism elicited by BH (caused by abnormal arteriolar smooth muscles) appears to be fundamentally different from the contrast mechanism of gadolinium enhancement (caused by the presence of “leaky” gap junctions).CONCLUSIONSBH maps based on peak‐to‐trough can be used to characterize VR in brain tumors. VR maps in brain tumor patients appear to be caused by a different mechanism than gadolinium enhancement.
Terson's Syndrome: Diagnostic Comparison of Ocular Sonography and CT
Authors: Bäuerle Jochen , Gross Nikolai J. , Egger Karl , Neubauer Jakob , Niesen Wolf‐Dirk , Buttler Klaus‐Jürgen , Lagrèze Wolf A. , Reinhard Matthias 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETo assess the accuracy of ocular B‐mode sonography and of standard head computed tomography (CT) as screening tools for intraocular hemorrhages related to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).METHODS46 patients with spontaneous SAH were examined using ocular B‐mode sonography and underwent funduscopy as gold standard for detection of ocular hemorrhages (OH). Additionally, all head CT scans done during the hospital stay of the study population were rated by a neuroradiologist for the presence of OH.RESULTSFunduscopy revealed vitreous and/or preretinal hemorrhages in ten eyes and retinal hemorrhages in nine eyes. In comparison with funduscopy, ocular sonography showed a sensitivity and specificity for the detection of vitreous and/or preretinal hemorrhages of 100%, while identification of retinal hemorrhages was less reliable with a sensitivity/specificity of 44%/100%. Standard head CT showed a lower sensitivity/specificity of 60%/96% for vitreous and/or preretinal hemorrhages, and 32%/95% for the diagnosis of any ocular bleeding.CONCLUSIONOcular sonography identifies SAH‐related preretinal and vitreous hemorrhages with high accuracy and is superior to standard head CT. It may be considered as new and useful bedside diagnostic tool for routine clinical care of patients with SAH.
Serotonergic mechanisms are involved in antidepressant-like effects of bisbenzylisoquinolines liensinine and its analogs isolated from the embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner seeds in mice
Authors: Sugimoto Yumi , Nishimura Katsumi , Itoh Atsuko , Tanahashi Takao , Nakajima Hiroshi , Oshiro Hideo , Sun Shujian , Toda Takahiro , Yamada Jun 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Objectives
We attempted to ascertain if bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, liensinine and isoliensinine from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner have antidepressant-like effects and compare the effects with those previously obtained by their analogue neferine.

Methods
Using mice, the forced swimming test (FST) was carried out after treatment with liensinine, isoliensinine and neferine.

Key findings
Liensinine and isoliensinine elicited antidepressant-like effects in mice after the FST. Anti-immobility effects of liensinine and isoliensinine were antagonized by the 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) receptor antagonist WAY 100635, but not by the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin. The anti-immobility effects of liensinine, isoliensinine and neferine were blocked by pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), which depletes serotonin (5-HT).

Conclusions
These data suggest that liensinine and isoliensinine from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner have antidepressant-like effects and that antidepressant-like effects of liensinine and its analogues are closely related to serotonergic mechanisms.
Broiler responses to digestible threonine at different ages: a neural networks approach
Authors: Faridi A. , Gitoee A. , Donato D. C. Z. , France J. , Sakomura N. K. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThree experiments were conducted with broiler chickens to evaluate the effects of digestible threonine (DThr) and crude protein (CP) on their performance at three different phases of age: 1–14, 15–28 and 29–42 days. The measured traits included the following: average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass crude protein (CCP), body lipid (BL), feather weight gain (FWG), protein deposited in feather (FCP), carcass plus feather protein (CFCP), carcass Thr deposition (CDThr) and nitrogen excretion (NE). A dilution technique was used to create seven diets (with eight replicates) increasing the DThr content from 1.5 to 10 g/kg of diet for phase 1, 1.3–8.9 g/kg of diet for phase 2, and 1.2–8.2 g/kg of diet for phase 3. Data measured were imported into neural networks (NNs) to: (i) predict the measured traits in response to DThr and CP, (ii) rank the importance of DThr and CP on these traits through sensitivity analysis and (iii) find the optimal levels of DThr and CP that lead to the desired (maximum or minimum) responses. For each trait investigated, 50 different random groups of data were generated using a bootstrapping method. These 50 data groups were then used to develop 50 separate NNs which were subsequently combined to construct the final ensemble NN model. In general, accuracy of the models constructed was acceptable, although models of high (ADG, FCR, CFCP, BL, DThr and NE; 0.64 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.99) and low (CCP, FWG and FCP; 0.26 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.79) accuracy were obtained. All models developed showed the greatest sensitivity to DThr. This may be explained by the dilution technique diet preparation used in these experiments. Optimization results showed decreases in optimal values of DThr and CP with increasing age for all traits. The highest level of DThr was suggested for minimum BL, followed by minimum FCR, maximum ADG, maximum CFCP, minimum NE and maximum CCP respectively. Results showed that the optimal values of DThr for minimum FCR in phases 1–3 were 8.5, 7.4 and 6.4 g/kg of diet, while these values for maximum ADG were 8.2, 7.2 and 6.4 g/kg of diet respectively.
Whey protein gel composites in the diet of goats increased the omega‐3 and omega‐6 content of milk fat
Authors: Weinstein J. A. , Taylor S. J. , Rosenberg M. , DePeters E. J. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryPreviously, feeding whey protein gels containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduced their rumen biohydrogenation and increased their concentration in milk fat of Holstein cows. Our objective was to test the efficacy of whey protein isolate (WPI) gels produced in a steam tunnel as a method to alter the fatty acid (FA) composition of the milk lipids. Four primiparous Lamancha goats in midlactation were fed three diets in a 3 × 4 Latin square design. The WPI gels were added to a basal concentrate mix that contained one of three lipid sources: (i) 100% soya bean oil (S) to create (WPI/S), (ii) a 1:1 (wt/wt) mixture of S and linseed (L) oil to create (WPI/SL), or (iii) 100% L to create (WPI/L). Periods were 22 days with the first 10 days used as an adjustment phase followed by a 12‐day experimental phase. During the adjustment phase, all goats received a rumen available source of lipid, yellow grease, to provide a baseline for milk FA composition. During the experimental phase, each goat received its assigned WPI. Milk FA concentration of C18:2 n‐6 and C18:3 n‐3 reached 9.3 and 1.64 g/100 g FA, respectively, when goats were fed WPI/S. Feeding WPI/SL increased the C18:2 n‐6 and C18:3 n‐3 concentration to 6.22 and 4.36 g/100 g FA, and WPI/L increased C18:2 n‐6 and C18:3 n‐3 to 3.96 and 6.13 g/100 g FA respectively. The adjusted transfer efficiency (%) of C18:3 n‐3 to milk FA decreased significantly as dietary C18:3 n‐3 intake increased. Adjusted transfer efficiency for C18:2 n‐6 did not change with increasing intake of C18:2 n‐6. The WPI gels were effective at reducing rumen biohydrogenation of PUFA; however, we observed a change in the proportion increase of C18:3 n‐3 in milk FA suggesting possible regulation of n‐3 FA to the lactating caprine mammary gland.
A new Eocene fossil of the genus Phycopeltis (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Novis Phil M. , Bannister Jennifer M. , Rindi Fabio , Lee Daphne E. 
Published: August 2015

A fossil of the aerophytic green algal genus Phycopeltis (Trentepohliaes, Ulvophyceae) dated to 35 Ma, is reported from the Pikopiko Fossil Forest, Southland, New Zealand. Previous reports of fossilized Phycopeltis have been subsequently synonymized with fungi by other authors; however, our specimen is not vulnerable to their criticisms. Inflated cells present in two approximately concentric rings are interpreted as gametangia, with irregular structures resembling the gametangial pores of modern material; sporophytic material is absent. The fossil resembles the modern disc‐forming species P. novae‐zelandiae, P. expansa, and P. arundinacea. The limited material available prevents the assignation of a specific epithet, but the habit and dimensions of the fossil clearly fall within those of modern representatives of the genus. Its single cell thickness throughout, absence of distinct melanization, and larger size demonstrate that it is not a fungal shield. The specimen constitutes arguably the most convincing fossil belonging to Trentepohliales, and the first unambiguously for the genus Phycopeltis. It is consistent in age with other known fossils of the order that, when combined with molecular evidence, suggests a terrestrial radiation far more recent than that of land plants.
Effects of new over‐the‐counter periodontal ointment‐containing applicator with single‐tuft brush on cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid during supportive periodontal therapy phase: a randomized double‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Takeuchi‐Hatanaka K. , Yasuda T. , Naruishi K. , Katsuragi‐Fuke K. , Inubushi J. , Ootsuki H. , Maeda H. , Takashiba S. 
Published: August 2015

Background and ObjectiveThe biochemical effects of an over‐the‐counter (OTC) medication were studied, which consists of a single‐tuft brush containing cetylpyridinium chloride as a bactericidal agent, dipotassium glycyrrhizate as an anti‐inflammatory drug and allantoin as a promoter of cell proliferation and wound healing, for delivery to hardly brushed sites.Material and MethodsThis randomized controlled double‐blind study was performed in 61 subjects with chronic periodontitis in supportive periodontal therapy phase (test group: n = 27; placebo group: n = 28; dropout: n = 6). The OTC medication was self‐applied twice a day for 12 wk to two molars with probing pocket depths of 4–6 mm. Biochemical indicators were evaluated at baseline and 12 wk using the suspension array system for eight cytokines and chemokines (interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐1ra, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐α) in gingival crevicular fluid.ResultsThe levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α remained significantly lower in the test group compared to the placebo group. In the placebo group, when the probing pocket depth at baseline was 4 mm, IL‐1β increased, particularly in the second molar tooth, and the greatest increase was seen when PPD at baseline was 5–6 mm. In the test group, IL‐1β decreased markedly in cases with furcation involvement and low bleeding on probing at baseline. In both groups, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α were closely correlated with each other.ConclusionThis OTC medication is biochemically effective for steady chronic periodontitis in the supportive periodontal therapy phase.
Optimizing Implementation of Obesity Prevention Programs: A Qualitative Investigation Within a Large‐Scale Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kozica Samantha L. , Teede Helena J. , Harrison Cheryce L. , Klein Ruth , Lombard Catherine B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurposeThe prevalence of obesity in rural and remote areas is elevated in comparison to urban populations, highlighting the need for interventions targeting obesity prevention in these settings. Implementing evidence‐based obesity prevention programs is challenging. This study aimed to investigate factors influencing the implementation of obesity prevention programs, including adoption, program delivery, community uptake, and continuation, specifically within rural settings.MethodsNested within a large‐scale randomized controlled trial, a qualitative exploratory approach was adopted, with purposive sampling techniques utilized, to recruit stakeholders from 41 small rural towns in Australia. In‐depth semistructured interviews were conducted with clinical health professionals, health service managers, and local government employees. Open coding was completed independently by 2 investigators and thematic analysis undertaken.FindingsIn‐depth interviews revealed that obesity prevention programs were valued by the rural workforce. Program implementation is influenced by interrelated factors across: (1) contextual factors and (2) organizational capacity. Key recommendations to manage the challenges of implementing evidence‐based programs focused on reducing program delivery costs, aided by the provision of a suite of implementation and evaluation resources. Informing the scale‐up of future prevention programs, stakeholders highlighted the need to build local rural capacity through developing supportive university partnerships, generating local program ownership and promoting active feedback to all program partners.ConclusionWe demonstrate that the rural workforce places a high value on obesity prevention programs. Our results inform the future scale‐up of obesity prevention programs, providing an improved understanding of strategies to optimize implementation of evidence‐based prevention programs.
Objectively measured night‐to‐night sleep variations are associated with body composition in very elderly women
Authors: Kim Miji , Sasai Hiroyuki , Kojima Narumi , Kim Hunkyung 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis cross‐sectional study examined the association between objectively measured sleep patterns and body composition in very elderly community‐dwelling women. Participants included 191 community‐dwelling adults aged ≥ 80 years (mean age: 83.4 ± 2.6 years; age range: 80–92 years). Sleep and physical activity were monitored via accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) during at least five consecutive 24‐h periods. Night‐to‐night sleep pattern variability across all nights of recording was assessed using standard deviations (SDs). Body composition was assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Simple and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed. The mean number of nights with usable actigraphy data was 7.3 ± 1.3. On average, participants went to bed at 22:57 hours (SD: 1.11 h) and rose from bed at 6:27 hours (SD: 1.01 h). Night‐to‐night bedtime, sleep duration and sleep timing mid‐point variations correlated slightly with the percentage body fat and percentage lean mass (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed significant associations of night‐to‐night bedtime variations and inconsistent sleep–wake patterns with all body composition indices after adjusting for potential confounding factors, including mean nightly sleep duration, self‐reported nap duration and daily physical activity. After further adjusting for night‐to‐night wake time, sleep timing mid‐point and sleep duration variations, greater bedtime variability remained associated significantly with all body composition indices except lean/fat mass ratio. Inconsistent sleep–wake patterns were associated independently with an increased fat mass and decreased lean mass among very elderly women. These findings suggest that in most elderly individuals, sleep patterns might be an important modifiable factor associated with obesity and sarcopenia development.
Oral Breakdown of Texturally Complex Gel‐Based Model Food
Authors: Larsen Danaé S. , Tang Jingyuan , Ferguson Lynnette , Morgenstern Marco P. , James Bryony J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUntil now, the textural complexity of foods and subsequent influence on oral breakdown pathways has not been analyzed. This study evaluated the effect of textural complexity on the oral breakdown of foods by using gel‐based model foods with “built‐in” levels of textural complexity. Twenty subjects chewed and expectorated the model foods at different stages during mastication (chewing cycle). Textural complexity did not significantly impact oral transit time, number of chews or chewing rate. The high complexity (HC) model food followed a significantly different oral breakdown pathway to low complexity and medium complexity samples. During the initial stages of chewing, HC samples broke down into a significantly greater number (P < 0.05) of significantly smaller particles (P < 0.05). The surrounding matrices controlled the release of embedded inclusions, ensuring the HC samples followed a dynamic oral breakdown pathway with changes occurring in particle size and number throughout the whole chewing cycle.Practical ApplicationsThe textural complexity of food is associated with a range of differing texture attributes that from the first bite through to the point of swallowing stimulate the senses, creating a variety of texture perceptions. Little is known on how textural complexity can influence oral breakdown pathways. This study has shown how a high complexity model food follows a dynamic oral breakdown pathway where changes in the bolus occur throughout the whole chewing cycle. These results lend themselves to further study on how these constant changes influence perceivable texture and stimulate the senses during eating. It is also hypothesized by the authors that in foods that are more texturally complex, these perceived textures and potential stimulation might positively affect the satiation response.
Wheat Flour Dough Rheological Properties Measurement: Effects of the Target Values on the Attained Results
Authors: Kouassi‐Koffi Jean Didier , Muresan Vlad , Gnangui Sophie Nadege , Sturza Alina , Mudura Elena , Kouamé Lucien Patrice 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLubricated squeezing flow experiments on wheat flour dough have been performed in constant plate speed and constant extension rate modes. The objective of this work was to assess the effects of the target values on the attained results obtained during wheat dough rheological properties measurement. Different rheometers were used to allow these operations. In both cases, each constant target speed used increases with the increasing time before reaching its stability. These increasing effects versus time are higher with greater speeds. It was obtained 20.1–41.5% of increasing time ratio between the two modes from the lower to higher speeds and for each given speed (0.005–1.5 [mm·s−1 or s−1]). The target speed increasing in order to reach the attained value caused sample dough deformation. These strain effects of dough are more important for high initial thickness of dough. Whatever the types of dough strain needed and target speed level used, the limit force measurable in many cases was 40 N (newton). It was a constrain factor for measured values. The data processing to obtain dough rheological properties remains too long and difficult with both measurement methods.Practical ApplicationsIn search of viable ways to study dough rheological properties, the uses of empirical and fundamental methods are of appropriate possibility. Several methods are further able to be used to measure and record dough rheological properties under conditions of unsteady flow. They are used to assess flour ability and provide dough with good breadmaking performance, to mimic dough stretching and to measure its resistance to rupture. Consequently, efficient and versatile methods have opened new possibilities for studying viscoelasticity behaviors related to cereals science and processing. These benefit effects make basic new methods used in breadmaking process, a powerful tool for monitoring the consistency and structural changes in dough and final bread. Because of their major importance in breadmaking process, it is essential in this study to assess the effects of the target values on the attained results in dough rheological properties measurement methods. They can help understand their implications on the data processing of these tests for reliable research on dough rheology.
Measuring similarity among plots including similarity among species: an extension of traditional approaches
Authors: Ricotta Carlo , Pavoine Sandrine 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimsPresence/absence coefficients of (dis)similarity are generally based on various combinations of the matching/mismatching components of the classical 2 × 2 contingency table. While a few extensions of the contingency table to species abundance data were proposed, a generalization of such coefficients that includes species resemblances is still lacking.MethodsIn this paper we introduce a new family of plot‐to‐plot (dis)similarity coefficients, which include species abundances and interspecies resemblances in the calculation of the matching/mismatching components of the contingency table. Within this family, the behaviour of five similarity coefficients is examined by graphical comparisons based on simulated data.ConclusionsThis new family of similarity coefficients can equally apply to functional or phylogenetic resemblance among species, thus providing a unified framework for comparing species turnover among plots.
Model development of healthy‐lifestyle behaviors for rural Muslim Indonesians with hypertension: A qualitative study
Authors: Mizutani Mayumi , Tashiro Junko , Maftuhah  , Sugiarto Heri , Yulaikhah Lily , Carbun Riyanto 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHypertension is a significant health issue in Indonesia. Health professionals in a rural district of West Java identified hypertension as a priority health issue. In this study, we describe healthy‐lifestyle behaviors as perceived by the district's middle‐aged Muslims with hypertension. A qualitative case‐study design was used. Twelve married couples, directly or indirectly impacted by hypertension, and who visited community health centers, were purposively recruited. Semistructured interviews provided data that were systematically analyzed for categories and subcategories. Categories of healthy‐lifestyle behaviors currently practiced were eating behavior, physical activity, resting, not smoking, managing stress, seeking health information, seeking health care, caring other people, and fulfilling an obligation to God. Categories of reasons for practicing healthy‐lifestyle behaviors were behavioral beliefs, competence, religious support, prior experience, social support, and health system support. Categories for not practicing healthy‐lifestyle behaviors were personal, social, and environmental barriers. To achieve healthy‐lifestyle behaviors changes, it is essential for rural middle‐aged Muslim individuals to be supported by reinforcing their positive reasons and to address their negative reasons to practice healthy‐lifestyle behaviors.