bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quo Vadis Lehr-Lernforschung? Versuch der wissenschaftstheoretischen Verortung eines transdisziplinären und multiperspektivischen Forschungsfeldes
Authors: Nückles Matthias 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungEs handelt sich bei diesem Beitrag um einen Kommentar, den der Autor für das „Weiterdenkheft“ der Unterrichtswissenschaft anlässlich des 50-jährigen Bestehens der Zeitschrift verfasst hat. Die Lehr-Lern-Forschung wird darin als ein transdisziplinäres Forschungsfeld vorgestellt, welches in Deutschland in der Erziehungswissenschaft, der Psychologie und teilweise in den Fachdidaktiken verankert ist. International gibt es Lehr-Lern-Forschung in den Bereichen Science Education, Medical Education, Cognitive Science und in der amerikanischen Teacher Education. Die Verankerung in unterschiedlichen Disziplinen bzw. Forschungsbereichen erklärt zwei weitere Spezifika der Lehr-Lern-Forschung, nämlich die Diversität der forschungsmethodischen Zugänge und die Diversität der theoretischen Perspektiven. Mit Anna Sfard (1998) wird ein postmodernes Verständnis wissenschaftlicher Theoriebildung formuliert, in welchem multiple methodische Zugänge sowie teils einander widersprechende theoretische Perspektiven keinen unbefriedigenden, zu überwindenden Zustand der Wissenschaft darstellen, sondern die Conditio Humaine unseres wissenschaftlichen Handelns bilden.Auf Basis dieser wissenschaftstheoretischen Charakterisierung findet eine Auseinandersetzung dem Renkl’schen Positionspapier (Unterrichtswissenschaft, 51, 39–62) zum Theorie-Defizit statt. Renkls Diagnose wird prinzipiell als zutreffend erachtet, allerdings fällt seine Bewertung zu negativ aus. Ausgehend von Deleuze und Guattaris (1977) poststrukturalistischem Modell der Wissensorganisation wird vermutet, dass Renkl sich bei seiner Diagnose implizit von der Baummetapher der Erkenntnis hat leiten lassen, wonach das von den Wissenschaftler*innen produzierte Wissen sich zu einer hierarchisch geordneten, logischen Struktur systematisieren lasse. Als Alternative zu dieser idealistischen Vorstellung schlugen Deleuze und Guattari das Rhizom – ein polymorph wucherndes, nicht-hierarchisches Wurzelgeflecht – als realistisches Modell der Wissensorganisation vor. „Rhizom“ halte ich als Metapher für die Ergebnisse unserer wissenschaftlichen Bemühungen für angemessener, denn sie impliziert ein wissenschaftliches Selbstverständnis, das die Begrenztheit der eigenen theoretischen und forschungsmethodischen Prämissen und des damit Erreichbaren anerkennt, sowie von Pluralität und Offenheit gekennzeichnet ist. Würde solch ein postmodernes Selbstverständnis in der Lehr-Lern-Forschung allgemein geteilt, resultierten daraus wiederum Chancen zur Überwindung des von Renkl konstatierten Theoriedefizits.
Thermal time and time of sowing impacts disease development of Brassica napus inoculated with diverse Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates
Authors: Bennett Sarita Jane , Lamichhane Ashmita Rijal , Michael Pippa Joanne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a severe disease of broadleaf crops including canola/rapeseed (Brassica napus), leading to significant yield loss in conducive years. Replication of field conditions is challenging in variety disease resistance screening with testing required under a wide range of environmental conditions and at different plant growth stages. We investigated the role of thermal time in disease progression using three sowing times in the growing season, with six commonly grown Australian varieties of canola inoculated with four diverse West Australian isolates of S. sclerotiorum at 30% flowering. Area Under the Disease Progression Stairs (AUDPS), sclerotia production and weight, and seed production were measured. Time of sowing was found to be a crucial factor in explaining differences in AUDPS, stem width, seed production and sclerotia number according to the analysis of variance (P < 0.05), influencing isolate aggressiveness and disease progression. Linear mixed-effect models, regression decision tree models and principal components analysis were also conducted to determine the importance of a range of variables being included in variety screening for resistance. For all these analyses, both thermal time from sowing to 30% flowering when plants were inoculated, as well as thermal time over the 28-day inoculation period, in both canola and S. sclerotiorum, were important in explaining the variation. The study concludes by recommending that thermal time should be included in future SSR prediction risk models.
A new graph labeling with Tribonacci, Fibonacci and Triangular numbers
Authors: Ignatius Fredrick , Kaspar S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a new graph labeling technique using three sequences of numbers, namely Tribonacci, Fibonacci and Triangular is introduced. They are named as Tribo-Fibo-Triangular labeling and denoted as TF$$\Delta $$
Δ
labeling. Assignment of the labeling is done based on the families of generalized Petersen graphs GP (n,2), GP(n,3) and a generalization of these graph are also presented. Applications related to recruitment of employees in a health care sector and the selection of teams in a school ambience are arrived by using of these three sequences of graphs along with computational intelligence. A board game is developed and presented using these three sequences.
Insights into the hierarchical geometries of hybrid low-dimensional carbons
Authors: Mandal Subhash , Singh Ratna , Roy Debmalya , Mukhopadhyay Kingsuk , Dwivedi Mayank , Joshi Mangala 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHybrid 3D nanomaterials have been prepared by immobilizing the acid-functionalized MWCNTs into the edge-functionalized/oxidized Few Layer Graphene (FLG) flakes to address the dispersion and exfoliation of FLG flakes. Both acid-functionalized MWCNTs and the edge-oxidized FLG flakes were prepared in the laboratory. The acid-functionalized MWCNTs were prepared via oxidative treatment using a mixture of nitric acid (HNO3) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4). Fenton’s reaction was utilized for the preparation of the edge-oxidized FLG flakes using graphite flakes as the starting material. After the functionalization, the presence of the oxygen-containing functional groups was confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy and XPS spectroscopy. The thermal stabilities of the nanomaterials were compared using TGA thermogram and the 3D nanomaterial was observed to be more stable than any other nanoparticles that were prepared and reported in this paper. The surface morphology was observed using the SEM and TEM, and the immobilized functionalized MWCNTs between the edge functionalized FLG flakes were observed. The XRD spectra of the nanoparticles were also compared and Raman analyses have been carried out.
Benefits and challenges of using oer in higher education: a pragmatic review
Authors: Swain Bijay Kumar , Pathak Ram Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe teaching–learning process is not only focused on traditional classroom instruction but also encompasses the online teaching process. It demands the importance of OERs in both the teaching–learning process and also in the assessment process. It helps in providing a new direction in the area of OER in higher education. The purpose of the study is to explore the importance of OER in higher education and to examine the challenges faced by teachers or students in making, sharing, and using OER in different areas of higher education. 167 peer-reviewed articles were searched, and downloaded, and then only 40 articles were selected for final analysis through the PRISMA method. The findings of the present study reveal that most of the faculty members and students widely used OER in the different teaching–learning processes of higher education. The use of OER helps in cost reduction for purchasing of books, enhances enrolment ratio, enhances the teaching and research skills, and also supports the students for their examination. Though there are a lot of benefits of using OER in higher education proper institutional policy, financial support, basic knowledge of technology, lack of awareness and proper peer feedback, and lack of cooperation from institutions are the major constraints for the development of quality OER resources.
Assessment of self-perceived knowledge of key clinical pharmacology concepts and educational needs among European Paediatric Intensive Care Units: an ESPNIC survey
Authors: Daverio Marco , Sperotto Francesca , Poletto Elisa , Bianzina Stefania , Butragueño Laiseca Laura , Cardona Francesco , De Cock Pieter , De Hoog Matthijs , George Sylvia , Oualha Mehdi , Pokorna Paula , Sfriso Francesca , Tessari Anna , de Wildt Saskia N , Amigoni Angela 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Knowledge of clinical pharmacology concepts is essential to improve patients’ outcomes. Scarce data is available on the utilisation of these concepts in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We aimed to investigate the self-perceived knowledge of clinical pharmacology concepts, educational needs and identify priorities for pharmacological research across European PICUs.

Methods
From July to November 2022 an online survey was distributed to evaluate i) the self-reported knowledge, and ii) application of key pharmacology concepts in clinical practice (using a likert scale from 1 = never apply to 10 = always apply); iii) need for additional education on them; and iv) key areas for future pharmacological research. The survey was distributed to European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) members and other European national PICUs societies members.

Results
Two-hundred-thirty-seven responses from 149 PICUs were collected. 54% of PICUs reported to have a clinical pharmacologist available for consultation during drug prescription and 65% of them regularly contact them during the prescribing process. Among clinical pharmacology concepts the parameter with the highest self-reported knowledge was half-life (99%) and the lowest were pharmacodynamics and volume-of-distribution (92%). The reported median application of these concepts in clinical practice ranged between 5/10 and 7/10. Most of the respondents reported the need for additional education on specific pharmacology concepts. Reported priorities for drug research mostly involved analgesics/sedatives (87%), antimicrobials (86%), and cardiovascular medications (55%).

Conclusions
Self-reported knowledge on clinical pharmacology concepts seems good, but self-perceived clinical application may improve and most of the respondents report a need for additional education. These findings call for concerted multidisciplinary efforts to streamline education and guidelines to fill this gap.
Determination of potentially toxic heavy metals in selected wood treatment sites in Uasin Gishu County and their associated health concerns
Authors: Miranji Edwin K. , Kibet Joshua K. , Kipkemboi Pius K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne of the monumental environmental and public health concerns of our time lies in the use of toxic preservatives in wood treatment plants. In this investigation, we report the results of potentially toxic heavy metals from wood treatment plants in Uasin Gishu County. A 20 g ground and sieved soil sample from each sampling site Cheplaskei (CK), Outspan (OS) and Sukunanga (SK) was weighed and treated with 0.5 M nitric acid for 2 h. The sample was then analyzed for potentially toxic metals using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The statistical treatment of the data was done using Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson’s correlation. The highest concentration of copper was observed at SK, which contributed approximately 37% of all the potentially toxic heavy metal content analyzed, whereas the concentration of lead was found to be about 33% of the total heavy metal content analyzed at the same sampling site. Furthermore, the most abundant metal in the sampled sites is manganese, which was found to be 390.0 ± 8.63, 279.0 ± 8.05and 44.5 ± 2.95 ppm in OS, CK, and SK, respectively. PCA showed that the heavy metals in the sample sites originated from two independent sources—natural and anthropogenic. Evidently from the concentration profile data, all the potentially toxic heavy metals had concentrations above the World Health Organization (WHO) acceptable limits, although, based on the contamination factors determined, the wood treatment sites are less polluted; however, there is need for regular monitoring to ensure adherence to proper public and environmental health practices.
Do green finance and digital technology matter for sustainable agricultural development? Insights from sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Addai Kwaku , Yufenyuy Mohamed , Kifem Frankline Lifolav 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSustainable agricultural progress is one of the world’s greatest challenges in the twenty-first century as the global population is estimated to rise to over nine billion by 2050. Over the years, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the African Union (AU) have sought prosperous African Policies based on sustainable agriculture and inclusive growth. Additionally, the AU has adopted the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP) policy framework. Given the growing need for innovative policies and studies to reduce the negative environmental effects of agricultural development in Africa, this paper investigates the significance of green finance and digital technologies on green agricultural growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 2003 to 2018. Analysis of panel co-integration estimates indicates all variables are integrated. Using the panel-corrected standard errors estimator for long-run equilibrium co-integration assessment, the outcomes indicate mitigated green finance (MGF), internet and mobile phone use (IMU), as well as sustainable energy utilization (RE), individually and collectively exert a positive effect on agriculture, forestry and fishing value added (AVA). Additionally, panel causality estimates indicate (i) a bi-directional causality between MGF and AVA. (ii) A uni-directional causality running from IMU towards AVA without any rebound effect. For policy insights, the AU could urge member states to implement macro-policies to increase agricultural green credit to sustain food production and employment generation. Similarly, the FAO and AU could provide technical support in digital agricultural research and value chains towards ensuring sustainable agriculture development in SSA.
Questioning the nature and origins of the “social agent” concept
Authors: Tatone Denis , Pomiechowska Barbara 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Spelke posits that the concept of “social agent,” who performs object-directed actions to fulfill social goals, is the first noncore concept that infants acquire as they begin to learn their native language. We question this proposal on empirical grounds and theoretical grounds, and propose instead that the representation of object-mediated interactions may be supported by a dedicated prelinguistic mechanism.
Concepts, core knowledge, and the rationalism–empiricism debate
Authors: Margolis Eric , Laurence Stephen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile Spelke provides powerful support for concept nativism, her focus on understanding concept nativism through six innate core knowledge systems is too confining. There is also no reason to suppose that thecurse of a compositional mindconstitutes a principled reason for positing less innate structure in explaining the origins of concepts. Any solution to such problems must take into account poverty of the stimulus considerations, which argue for postulating more innate structure, not less.
Developmental origin of a language–cognition interface in infants: Gateway to advancing core knowledge?
Authors: Waxman Sandra R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Spelke's sweeping proposal requires greater precision in specifying the place of language in early cognition. We now know by 3 months of age, infants have already begun to forge a link between language and core cognition. This precocious link, which unfolds dynamically over development, may indeed offer an entry point for acquiring higher-order, abstract conceptual and representational capacities.
How do babies come to know what babies know?
Authors: Moore David S. , Lewkowicz David J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Elizabeth Spelke's What Babies Know is a scholarly presentation of core knowledge theory and a masterful compendium of empirical evidence that supports it. Unfortunately, Spelke's principal theoretical assumption is that core knowledge is simply the innate product of cognitive evolution. As such, her theory fails to explicate the developmental mechanisms underlying the emergence of the cognitive systems on which that knowledge depends.
Is there only one innate modular system for spatial navigation?
Authors: Duval Alexandre 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Spelke convincingly argues that we should posit six innate modular systems beyond the periphery (i.e., beyond low-level perception and motor control). I focus on the case of spatial navigation (Ch. 3) to claim that there remain powerful considerations in favor of positing additional innate, nonperipheral modules. This opens the door to stronger forms of nativism and nonperipheral modularism than Spelke's.
Where is the baby in core knowledge?
Authors: Gweon Hyowon , Zhu Peter 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
What we know about what babies know – as represented by the core knowledge proposal – is perhaps missing a place for the baby itself. By studying the baby as an actor rather than an observer, we can better understand the origins of human intelligence as an interface between perception and action, and how humans think and learn about themselves in a complex world.
The brain origins of early social cognition
Authors: Grossmann Tobias 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This commentary challenges Spelke's view on the early development of social cognition from a neuroscience perspective by presenting an overlooked body of evidence from neuroimaging research on joint attention with human infants. Indeed, evidence demonstrating adult-like, neural sensitivity to joint attention in young infants, supports alternative theoretical views concerning the origins of uniquely human forms of social cognition.
Is core knowledge a natural subdivision of infant cognition?
Authors: Kaicher Caroline M. , Conti Julia J. , Dedhe Abhishek M. , Aulet Lauren S. , Cantlon Jessica F. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We examine Spelke's core knowledge taxonomy and test its boundaries. We ask whether Spelke's core knowledge is a distinct type of cognition in the sense that the cognitive processes it includes and excludes are biologically and mechanically coherent.
Early pragmatic expectations in human infancy
Authors: Tauzin Tibor , Jacob Pierre , Gergely György 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
There is no room for pragmatic expectations about communicative interactions in core cognition. Spelke takes the combinatorial power of the human language faculty to overcome the limits of core cognition. The question is: Why should the combinatorial power of the human language faculty support infants' pragmatic expectations not merely about speech, but also about nonverbal communicative interactions?
Assimilating Summer Sea‐Ice Thickness Observations Improves Arctic Sea‐Ice Forecast
Authors: Song Ruizhe , Mu Longjiang , Loza Svetlana N. , Kauker Frank , Chen Xianyao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccurate Arctic sea‐ice forecasting for the melt season is still a major challenge because of the lack of reliable pan‐Arctic summer sea‐ice thickness (SIT) data. A new summer CryoSat‐2 SIT observation data set based on an artificial intelligence algorithm may alleviate this situation. We assess the impact of this new data set on the initialization of sea‐ice forecasts in the melt seasons of 2015 and 2016 in a coupled sea ice‐ocean model with data assimilation. We find that the assimilation of the summer CryoSat‐2 SIT observations can reduce the summer ice‐edge forecast error. Further, adding SIT observations to an established forecast system with sea‐ice concentration assimilation leads to more realistic short‐term summer ice‐edge forecasts in the Arctic Pacific sector. The long‐term Arctic‐wide SIT prediction is also improved. In spite of remaining uncertainties, summer CryoSat‐2 SIT observations have the potential to improve Arctic sea‐ice forecast on multiple time scales.
A Cullin 5-based complex serves as an essential modulator of ORF9b stability in SARS-CoV-2 replication
Authors: Zhou Yuzheng , Chen Zongpeng , Liu Sijie , Liu Sixu , Liao Yujie , Du Ashuai , Dong Zijun , Zhang Yongxing , Chen Xuan , Tao Siyi , Wu Xin , Razzaq Aroona , Xu Gang , Tan De-an , Li Shanni , Deng Youwen , Peng Jian , Dai Shuyan , Deng Xu , Zhang Xianwen , Jiang Taijiao , Zhang Zheng , Cheng Gong , Zhao Jincun , Xia Zanxian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ORF9b protein, derived from the nucleocapsid’s open-reading frame in both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, serves as an accessory protein crucial for viral immune evasion by inhibiting the innate immune response. Despite its significance, the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying its function remain elusive. In the present study, we unveil that the ORF9b protein of SARS-CoV-2, including emerging mutant strains like Delta and Omicron, can undergo ubiquitination at the K67 site and subsequent degradation via the proteasome pathway, despite certain mutations present among these strains. Moreover, our investigation further uncovers the pivotal role of the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 70 (TOM70) as a substrate receptor, bridging ORF9b with heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α) and Cullin 5 (CUL5) to form a complex. Within this complex, CUL5 triggers the ubiquitination and degradation of ORF9b, acting as a host antiviral factor, while HSP90α functions to stabilize it. Notably, treatment with HSP90 inhibitors such as GA or 17-AAG accelerates the degradation of ORF9b, leading to a pronounced inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Single-cell sequencing data revealed an up-regulation of HSP90α in lung epithelial cells from COVID-19 patients, suggesting a potential mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 may exploit HSP90α to evade the host immunity. Our study identifies the CUL5-TOM70-HSP90α complex as a critical regulator of ORF9b protein stability, shedding light on the intricate host–virus immune response dynamics and offering promising avenues for drug development against SARS-CoV-2 in clinical settings.