bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Long-Term Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Authors: Gabhale Sanjay D. , Bagrecha Mahavir Satishchand , Dash Mitali , Sheikh Zeeshan , Bhuvaneshwari S. , Imran Rangraze , Satheesh Tharini 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent respiratory condition portrayed by persistent airflow limitation and correlated symptoms. Despite advances in treatment, COPD remains a significant global health burden, necessitating ongoing research to understand its long-standing impact on pulmonary function and quality of life (QoL).

Methods:
This longitudinal research enrolled 200 COPD and followed them over a 5-year period. Baseline assessments included spirometry to measure forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), along with standardized questionnaires assessing QoL. Follow-up assessments were conducted annually, and statistical analysis was performed to examine changes in pulmonary function and QoL over time.

Results:
Significant declines in FEV1 and FVC were observed at each follow-up time point compared to the baseline, indicating progressive deterioration in lung function. QoL scores, as assessed by the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire and the COPD Assessment Test, also worsened progressively over the research period.

Conclusion:
Current conclusions underscore the progressive nature of COPD, highlighting the importance of proactive management strategies aimed at preserving lung function and improving QoL. Early intervention and ongoing monitoring are essential in optimizing outcomes for COPD subjects and reducing the disease burden on individuals and healthcare systems.
Impact of Parental Involvement on Child Compliance During Dental Procedures
Authors: Bagavathy Kala , Pratiksha  , Bhanawat Nilesh , Mukundan P.E. , Nasyam Fazil A. , Mujoo Sheetal , Syed Afroz K. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Effective management of child behavior during dental procedures is crucial for successful treatment outcomes and promoting oral health. Parental involvement has been recognized as a key factor influencing child compliance in various healthcare settings, but its specific impact on child compliance during dental appointments remains understudied.

Methods:
A cross-sectional clinical research involving 100 children scheduled for routine dental treatments. Parental involvement was categorized as high, moderate, or low based on the level of parental presence and interaction during the dental appointment. Child compliance was assessed using a validated behavior rating scale, evaluating factors such as cooperation, anxiety, and disruptive behavior during the dental procedure. Statistical analysis, including correlation analysis and ANOVA, was performed to determine the association between parental involvement and child compliance.

Results:
The results revealed a significant correlation between parental involvement and child compliance (P < 0.05). Children with high levels of parental involvement demonstrated greater compliance during dental procedures compared to those with moderate or low levels of parental involvement. Specifically, children with high parental involvement exhibited lower levels of anxiety, reduced disruptive behavior, and greater cooperation with the dental team.

Conclusion:
This research provides evidence of the positive impact of parental involvement on child compliance during dental procedures in pediatric patients. Higher levels of parental presence and interaction were associated with improved child behavior and cooperation, highlighting the importance of parental involvement in promoting positive oral health behaviors and facilitating successful dental treatments. These findings underscore the need for tailored interventions targeted at enhancing parental involvement and optimizing child compliance in the dental setting.
Comparative Evaluation of Clinical and Microbiological Assessment of Caries Excavation Using Conventional, Smart Bur, Chemomechanical Method and ErCr:YSGG Laser
Authors: Kini Annapoorna , Kothari Prerana , Sujith R. , Shetty Nithin , Varughese Blesy K. , Kasargod Sheetal C. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Caries removal efficacy in terms of microbiological burden using Tungsten Carbide Bur No. 330, Polymer bur, BRIX 3000, and ErCr:YSGG Laser.

Methods:
Class I open dentinal caries was selected and divided into four groups (n = 15) depending on caries excavation methods. Group I: Tungsten carbide (TC) No 330-bur; Group II: Polymer bur (Smart bur); Group III: Brix 3000 gel; Group IV: Erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er:Cr:YSGG) laser. Two samples of carious material, before and after caries excavation, were taken and cultured on blood agar plates. Multiple comparison of mean CFUs/ml between different groups was done using Dunn’s post
hoc test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results:
Group I showed significantly lesser mean CFUs/ml followed by Group IV as compared to Group II and Group III.

Conclusion:
Within the parameters and limitations of the present study, ErCr:YSGG laser can be a helpful aid as a minimally invasive method of caries excavation.
Exploring the Link between Sleep Disorders and Ocular Health: A Comprehensive Clinical Study
Authors: Deepankar  , Kumar Sunil , Mahato Rohit K. , Kiran Neha 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Sleep disorders and ocular conditions are prevalent health concerns with significant impact on the quality of life. However, the relationship between them remains underexplored. Additionally, therapeutic interventions targeting both sleep and eye health are explored.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective clinical study was conducted involving 500 participants aged between 30 and 65 years, recruited from an outpatient clinic specializing in sleep disorders and ophthalmology. Participants underwent comprehensive assessments including polysomnography for sleep disorders diagnosis and ophthalmic examinations for ocular condition evaluation. Sleep quality was assessed using standardized questionnaires, while ocular health was evaluated through clinical examination, including measurements of intraocular pressure, tear film break-up time, and retinal imaging. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression models to determine associations between sleep disorders and ocular conditions, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results:
Among the participants, 35% were diagnosed with sleep apnea, 25% with insomnia, 20% with dry eye syndrome, 15% with glaucoma, and 10% with diabetic retinopathy. Significant associations were found between sleep disorders and ocular conditions. Participants with sleep apnea were more likely to have dry eye syndrome (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8–3.4, P < 0.001) and glaucoma (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3–2.5, P = 0.002). Similarly, insomnia was associated with dry eye syndrome (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.5–3.1, P < 0.001) and diabetic retinopathy (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1–2.3, P = 0.012).

Conclusion:
This study highlights the significant association between sleep disorders and ocular conditions, suggesting a potential bidirectional relationship.
Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of Periodontal Dressings: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Akhter Fatema 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Periodontal dressings play a crucial role in post-operative management of periodontal surgeries by protecting surgical sites and promoting wound healing. Biocompatibility evaluation is essential to ensure the safety and effectiveness of these materials. This study aims to assess the biocompatibility of periodontal dressings through an in vitro approach.

Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro study, three commercially available periodontal dressings were evaluated for their biocompatibility. The Dressings were Dressing A: Coe-Pak™ Dressing B: Barricaid® and Dressing C: PeriAcryl®. Human gingival fibroblast cells were cultured and exposed to extracts of the dressings using the MTT assay to assess cell viability. Additionally, cell morphology and attachment were observed under a microscope. The experiment was conducted in triplicate for each dressing.

Results:
The MTT assay revealed that Dressing A exhibited the highest cell viability with an absorbance value of 0.8 ± 0.1, followed by Dressing B with a value of 0.6 ± 0.2 and Dressing C with a value of 0.5 ± 0.1. Microscopic analysis showed normal cell morphology and attachment in cells exposed to Dressing A and Dressing B extracts, while cells exposed to Dressing C exhibited slight detachment and irregular morphology.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that Dressing A and Dressing B demonstrate favorable biocompatibility profiles, as evidenced by higher cell viability and normal cell morphology.
Assessing the Impact of Different Levels of Parental Involvement in the NICU on Neonatal Outcomes and Parental Mental Health
Authors: Singh Abhishek Kumar , Das Kiran Shankar , Ranjan Abhishek , Sahu Shyam Sundar , Lakra Priya Shalini , Kumar Abhijit 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Parental involvement in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has been recognized as crucial for neonatal outcomes and parental mental health.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted, involving 300 neonates admitted to the NICU over 1 year. Parental involvement was categorized into three levels: high, moderate, and low, based on the frequency and intensity of parental participation in neonatal care. Neonatal outcomes including the length of hospital stay, incidence of complications, and parental mental health outcomes measured through standardized scales were compared among the three groups.

Results:
Neonates with high parental involvement had a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (mean difference = 5 days, P < 0.001) compared to those with moderate or low involvement. Complication rates were also lower in the high involvement group (20%) compared to moderate (35%) and low (45%) involvement groups. Parental mental health scores were the highest in the high involvement group (mean score = 75), followed by moderate (mean score = 60) and low (mean score = 45) involvement groups.

Conclusion:
Higher levels of parental involvement in the NICU are associated with improved neonatal outcomes and better parental mental health.
Diet and Caries-associated Bacteria in Severe Early Childhood Caries An In vitro Study
Authors: Pidamale Raghavendra , Chauhan Prem S. , Singh Raghavendr , Imran MD , Prakash Roopan , Kuppusamy Kasthuripriya 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) is a prevalent oral health issue among young children, often associated with specific caries-associated bacteria. This in vitro study investigates the impact of diet on the growth and activity of caries-associated bacteria in S-ECC.

Materials and Methods:
Plaque samples of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species were procured from laboratory. The samples were exposed to different dietary conditions, including high-sugar, high-carbohydrate, and control diets. The growth kinetics of caries-associated bacteria, including S. mutans and Lactobacillus species, were monitored using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and colony-forming unit (CFU) assays.

Results:
Under high-sugar conditions, the growth of S. mutans increased by 50% compared to the control group, as evidenced by qPCR analysis. Lactobacillus species also exhibited a significant increase in CFU counts in response to high-carbohydrate diets, showing a 40% rise compared to controls.

Conclusion:
This in vitro study highlights the influence of diet on the proliferation of caries-associated bacteria in severe early childhood caries. High-sugar and high-carbohydrate diets contribute to the growth and activity of S. mutans and Lactobacillus species, exacerbating the progression of dental caries in affected children.
Assessing the Efficacy of Early versus Late Orthodontic Intervention in the Management of Class II Malocclusion: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Kaje Ramya , Rashme Rashme , Manimegalan Priya , Vundela Rajashekar R. , Saidalavi Shahanaz K , Jadhav Avantika Vijaysingh 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Class II malocclusion is a common orthodontic issue characterized by the excessive protrusion of the upper teeth relative to the lower teeth. Early intervention during mixed dentition has been advocated to guide skeletal growth and potentially reduce the severity of malocclusion.

Materials and Methods:
A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of early (before the pubertal growth spurt) versus late (after the pubertal growth spurt) orthodontic intervention in managing Class II malocclusion. A cohort of 100 patients diagnosed with Class II malocclusion was divided into two groups: early intervention group (n = 50) and late intervention group (n = 50). Treatment outcomes including changes in overjet, molar relationship, and cephalometric measurements were assessed before and after orthodontic treatment.

Results:
In the early intervention group, the mean reduction in overjet was 5.2 mm (SD = 1.3), while in the late intervention group, it was 3.8 mm (SD = 1.6). The improvement in molar relationship was greater in the early intervention group (mean change = 4.5 mm, SD = 1.1) compared to the late intervention group (mean change = 3.1 mm, SD = 1.4). Cephalometric analysis revealed significant differences in skeletal and dental parameters between the two groups, with greater improvements observed in the early intervention group.

Conclusion:
Early orthodontic intervention shows superior efficacy in managing Class II malocclusion compared to late intervention. Early treatment leads to greater reductions in overjet, improvements in molar relationship, and favorable changes in skeletal and dental parameters. These findings underscore the importance of timely orthodontic intervention, particularly during the mixed dentition stage, for optimal management of Class II malocclusion.
Prevalence and Pattern of Mandibular Condensing Osteitis Lesions in Saudi Population at Qassim Region
Authors: Abdelhafeez Manal M. , Alrasheed Felwah M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Condensing osteitis (CO) is a common radiopaque lesion observed in the jaws, often detected incidentally on panoramic radiographs. Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of CO is essential for early detection and appropriate management.

Objective:
To determine the prevalence and characteristics of condensing osteitis among the Saudi population in the Qassim region.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted using 876 digital panoramic radiographs. The presence of CO was identified based on specific radiographic features, and data were collected regarding gender, age, lesion localization, lesion shape, and associated dental status.

Results:
The prevalence of CO was found to be 2.3% (n = 20) in the study population, with a higher predilection in females (1.4%) compared to males (0.9%). The most commonly affected age group was 30–39 years for males and 10–19 and 30–39 years for females. The mandibular molar region was predominantly affected (90%), with a ‘U’ shape observed in 55% of the lesions. Root canal treatment was the most commonly associated dental status (75%), followed by deep caries (20%) and large restorations (5%).

Conclusion:
The study highlights a 2.3% prevalence of CO in the Saudi population of the Qassim region, with a higher predilection in females and a predominant localization in the mandibular molar region. Dental practitioners should be vigilant in identifying CO, especially in at-risk populations, to facilitate timely diagnosis and appropriate management.
Applications of Finite Element Analysis in Endodontics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abdelhafeez Manal M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Endodontics increasingly uses finite element analysis (FEA) to evaluate stress distribution, fracture resistance, and temperature changes in treated teeth. FEA’s endodontic uses, benefits, and drawbacks are examined in this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:
A PubMed systematic search found relevant studies published up to January 2022. Original endodontic research articles utilizing FEA to quantify stress distribution, fracture resistance, or temperature changes in treated teeth were eligible. The systematic review comprised 30 publications, 15 of which were meta-analyzed. Data were extracted using a standard form, and the “Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS)” for observational studies and the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials assessed quality. Random-effects models calculated pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals in RevMan 5.4 meta-analysis.

Results:
Meta-analysis shows FEA-guided endodontic treatment improves stress distribution (P < 0.001) and fracture resistance (P < 0.05) compared to conventional treatments. The temperature did not vary significantly (P = 0.12). Stress distribution had an effect size of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.65–0.85), fracture resistance 0.42 (95%: 0.12–0.72), and temperature variations -0.18.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, FEA is a valuable technique in endodontics for stress distribution study and fracture resistance testing. FEA models’ accuracy, dependability, and clinical applicability were questioned, underlining the need for more research and development to maximize their endodontics clinical use.
Examining Current Vaccination Practices for Neonates, Including Healthcare Provider and Parental Attitudes and the Challenges of Implementing Vaccination Schedules: A Clinical Study
Authors: Chaudhuri Partha K. , Madhur Abha , Anshu Kumar , Kumari Shiromani , Kumar Ashutosh , Singh Jyotsna , Sarangam Barapatla , Sarkar Pratik 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Vaccination of neonates is crucial for preventing infectious diseases and ensuring public health. However, understanding the attitudes of healthcare providers and parents towards neonatal vaccination and the challenges in implementing vaccination schedules is essential for optimizing vaccination strategies.

Materials and Methods:
A clinical study was conducted involving healthcare providers and parents of neonates. Surveys were administered to assess attitudes towards neonatal vaccination, perceived barriers, and adherence to vaccination schedules. Data analysis was performed using statistical methods to identify trends and associations.

Results:
Among healthcare providers (n = 200), 85% expressed strong support for neonatal vaccination, citing its importance in disease prevention. However, concerns regarding vaccine safety (62%) and parental hesitancy (48%) were identified as significant barriers. Among parents (n = 500), 78% reported willingness to vaccinate their neonates, with 60% adhering strictly to vaccination schedules. Common reasons for non-adherence included fear of adverse reactions (42%) and misinformation (28%). Challenges in vaccine administration, such as access issues (20%) and vaccine shortages (15%), were also reported.

Conclusion:
Healthcare providers generally endorse neonatal vaccination, recognizing its benefits in preventing infectious diseases. However, addressing concerns about vaccine safety and parental hesitancy is crucial for improving vaccination rates. Strategies aimed at enhancing education, promoting vaccine confidence, and addressing logistical challenges are essential for the successful implementation of neonatal vaccination schedules.
Exploring Current Practices, Challenges, and Innovations in the Nutrition and Feeding of Neonates, Including the Use of Human Milk, Fortifiers, and Formula: A Clinical Study
Authors: Chaudhuri Partha K. , Madhur Abha , Anshu Kumar , Kumari Shiromani , Ashutosh  , Singh Jyotsna , Sarangam Barapatla , Sarkar Pratik 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Neonatal nutrition plays a crucial role in the growth and development of infants, particularly in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) where specialized care is essential. This study aims to explore current practices, challenges, and innovations in the nutrition and feeding of neonates, focusing on the utilization of human milk, fortifiers, and formula.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective clinical study was conducted at a tertiary care NICU over a period of two years. Data were collected from medical records of neonates admitted to the unit. Information regarding feeding practices, types of milk (human milk, fortified human milk, or formula), fortification protocols, and associated clinical outcomes were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 150 neonates were included in the study. The majority (85%) received some form of human milk during their NICU stay, with 60% exclusively receiving human milk. Among those receiving human milk, 40% required fortification with a human milk fortifier due to inadequate growth parameters. Formula supplementation was necessary in 25% of cases due to maternal lactation insufficiency or medical contraindications to human milk. The mean duration of parenteral nutrition was 10 days, with a median time to full enteral feeds of 14 days. Infants receiving exclusively human milk demonstrated a lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) compared to those receiving formula (5% vs. 12%, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Human milk remains the preferred source of nutrition for neonates in the NICU setting, associated with lower rates of NEC and improved clinical outcomes. However, fortification with human milk fortifiers or supplementation with formula is often necessary to meet the nutritional requirements of preterm infants. Further research is needed to optimize fortification protocols and improve long-term outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Guardians of Oral Health: Antioxidants as Promising Allies in Periodontal Wellness
Authors: Mohapatra Arpita , Panda Akshyata , Pattnaik Naina , Mohapatra Madhumita , Singh Karandeep , Sharma Anant R. , Sharma Nirvi , Makkad Ramanpal S. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPeriodontitis, a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth, is closely associated with oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Antioxidants have garnered significant attention as potential therapeutic agents in periodontal management due to their ability to counteract oxidative damage and inflammation. This brief review provides an overview of the role of antioxidants in periodontitis, highlighting recent developments. Key topics covered include the mechanisms of action of antioxidants, recent preclinical and clinical studies evaluating their efficacy, challenges, and future directions in antioxidant-based periodontal therapy. Recent advancements in antioxidant research offer promising avenues for improving periodontal treatment outcomes and patient care.