bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BRISE-plandok: a German legal corpus of building regulations
Authors: Recski Gábor , Iklódi Eszter , Lellmann Björn , Kovács Ádám , Hanbury Allan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present the BRISE-Plandok corpus, a collection of 250 text documents with a total of over 7000 sentences from the Zoning Map of the City of Vienna, annotated manually with formal representations of the rules they convey. The generic rule format used by the corpus enables automated compliance checking of building plans, a process developed as part of the BRISE (https://smartcity.wien.gv.at/en/brise/) project. The format also allows for conversion to multiple logic formalisms, including dyadic deontic logic, enabling automated reasoning. Annotation guidelines were developed in collaboration with experts of the city’s building inspection office, describing nearly 100 domain-specific attributes with examples. Each document was annotated independently by two trained annotators and subsequently reviewed by the authors. A rule-based system for the automatic extraction of rules from text was developed and used in the annotation process to provide suggestions. The reviewed dataset was also used to train a set of baseline machine learning models for the task of attribute extraction, the main step in the rule extraction process. Both the rule-based system and the ML baselines are evaluated on the annotated dataset and released as open-source software. We also describe and release the framework used for generating and parsing the interactive xlsx spreadsheets used by annotators.
Parlamint-it: an 18-karat UD treebank of Italian parliamentary speeches
Authors: Alzetta Chiara , Montemagni Simonetta , Sartor Marta , Venturi Giulia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe paper presents ParlaMint-It, a new treebank of Italian parliamentary debates, linguistically annotated based on the Universal Dependencies (UD) framework. The resource comprises 20,460 tokens and represents a hybrid language variety that is underrepresented in the UD initiative. ParlaMint-It results from a manual revision process that relies on a semi-automatic methodology able to identify sentences that are most likely to contain inconsistencies and recurrent error patterns generated by the automatic annotation. Such a method made the revision process faster and more efficient than revising the entire treebank. In addition, it allowed the identification and correction of annotation errors resulting from linguistic constructions inconsistently represented in UD treebanks and from characteristics specific to parliamentary speeches. Hence, the treebank is deemed as an 18-karat resource, since, although not fully manually revised, it is a valuable resource for researchers working on Italian language processing tasks.
Fear of Crime as a Punitive Project—The Swedish Case
Authors: Sahlin Lilja Hanna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper asks what the role of fear of crime research plays in the conception and framing of the crime problem, by unpacking the theoretical assumptions inherent in fear of crime methodology and examining their function. It presents the empirical example of Sweden and discusses it in relation to accounts on fear of crime and its establishment in the USA and UK. This paper provides an empirical account of how the fear of crime research discourse was implemented and institutionalized in Sweden, and how the occurrence of governmental fear of crime surveys has developed over time. Secondly, it discusses the role the fear of crime discourse plays in the politics of punitivity, concluding fear of crime research rhetorically enables continued political exploitation of crime, constructs crime as a problem of order maintenance and legitimizes further expansions of state control.
Toxicological risk assessment using spring water quality indices in plateaus of Giresun Province/Türkiye: a holistic hydrogeochemical data analysis
Authors: Karadeniz Selin , Ustaoğlu Fikret , Aydın Handan , Yüksel Bayram 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWater scarcity is a growing concern due to rapid urbanization and population growth. This study assesses spring water quality at 20 stations in Giresun province, Türkiye, focusing on potentially toxic elements and physicochemical parameters. The Water Quality Index rated most samples as "excellent" during the rainy season and "good" during the dry season, except at stations 4 (40° 35′ 12″ North/38° 26′ 34″ East) and 19 (40° 44′ 28″ North/38° 06′ 53″ West), indicating "poor" quality. Mean macro-element concentrations (mg/L) were: Ca (34.27), Na (10.36), Mg (8.26), and K (1.48). Mean trace element values (μg/L) were: Al (1093), Zn (110.54), Fe (67.45), Mn (23.03), Cu (9.79), As (3.75), Ni (3.00), Cr (2.84), Pb (2.70), Co (1.93), and Cd (0.76). Health risk assessments showed minimal non-carcinogenic risks, while carcinogenic risk from arsenic slightly exceeded safe limits (CR = 1.75E−04). Higher arsenic concentrations during the rainy season were due to increased recharge, arsenic-laden surface runoff, and human activities. Statistical analyses (PCA, PCC, HCA) suggested that metals and physico-chemical parameters originated from lithogenic, anthropogenic, or mixed sources. Regular monitoring of spring water is recommended to mitigate potential public health risks from waterborne contaminants.
One bad apple spoils the barrel? Public good provision under threshold uncertainty
Authors: Carlsson Fredrik , Ek Claes , Lange Andreas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe report laboratory evidence on the voluntary provision of threshold public goods when the exact location of the threshold is not known. Our experimental treatments explicitly compare two prominent technologies, summation, and weakest link. Uncertainty in threshold location is particularly detrimental to threshold attainment under weakest link, where low contributions by one subject cannot be compensated by others. In contrast, threshold uncertainty does not affect contributions under summation. We demonstrate that non-binding pledges improve the chances of threshold attainment under both technologies, particularly under weakest link.
The Adaptive Role of Bark in the Diet of Budongo Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
Authors: Freymann E. , Badihi G. , Hobaiter C. , Huffman M. A. , Muhumuza G. , Orbell S. , Sempebwa D. , Yikii E. Robert , Zuberbühler K. , Carvalho S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ingestion of bark has been observed across the animal kingdom and is well documented in free-ranging chimpanzees. Thus far, the best-supported hypothesis for the adaptive function of this behavior is the fallback food hypothesis, which asserts that chimpanzees consume bark and cambium when preferred foods are scarce. However, alternative explanations exist, including the essential nutrient and mineral hypothesis, the self-medication hypothesis, and the stressed-tree hypothesis. We tested whether the fallback food hypothesis can explain bark-feeding across two communities of Eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Budongo Forest, Uganda. We used 13 years of the site’s long-term behavioral data, 5 years of food availability data, and 8 months of direct and indirect observations. We also conducted eight 400-m line transects to collect data on the distribution of tree species across community home ranges. We employed several analyses, including Pearson correlation tests, qualitative comparisons of descriptive data and heat maps, and interpretation of behavioral anecdotes. We found varying patterns of bark-feeding seasonality across tree species, with bark-feeding on several species showing no correlation with food scarcity. We also identified differences in the amounts of bark targeted between tree species and report anecdotal evidence of chimpanzees prioritizing bark over high-value foods. Lastly, we found that bark-feeding on certain species disproportionally occurs far from community core areas, despite relative abundance of these species within the home range. As a result, we argue that the fallback food hypothesis cannot explain bark-feeding across all tree species. Instead, we present supporting evidence for several alternative hypotheses, including self-medication, thereby challenging the widely accepted function of this behavior.
The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Sleep in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Sadikova Eleonora , Mazurek Micah O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChildren with autism spectrum disorder are at higher risk for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). They are also more vulnerable to sleep problems and are less likely to obtain the recommended number of hours of sleep than neurotypical children. In the general population, ACEs have been linked to future sleep difficulties. Despite increased vulnerabilities to both ACEs and sleep problems, no study has examined this association in ASD. Using the National Survey of Children’s Health across four cohorts, we examined whether ACEs were a risk factor to obtaining the recommended number of hours of sleep, while accounting for demographic and health factors typically associated with sleep duration. Findings indicate that children with ASD with more ACEs were less likely to get the recommended number of hours of sleep than children with fewer ACEs. Other factors associated with sleep included race, anxiety, autism severity, and overall health. These findings indicate that sleep problems in children with ASD are complex and multifaceted. Among other considerations, it is important for clinicians to screen children with ASD for ACEs and consider the possible impact of ACEs on sleep.
Incorporating slow NMDA-type receptors with nonlinear voltage-dependent magnesium block in a next generation neural mass model: derivation and dynamics
Authors: Sheheitli Hiba , Jirsa Viktor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe derive a next generation neural mass model of a population of quadratic-integrate-and-fire neurons, with slow adaptation, and conductance-based AMPAR, GABAR and nonlinear NMDAR synapses. We show that the Lorentzian ansatz assumption can be satisfied by introducing a piece-wise polynomial approximation of the nonlinear voltage-dependent magnesium block of NMDAR current. We study the dynamics of the resulting system for two example cases of excitatory cortical neurons and inhibitory striatal neurons. Bifurcation diagrams are presented comparing the different dynamical regimes as compared to the case of linear NMDAR currents, along with sample comparison simulation time series demonstrating different possible oscillatory solutions. The omission of the nonlinearity of NMDAR currents results in a shift in the range (and possible disappearance) of the constant high firing rate regime, along with a modulation in the amplitude and frequency power spectrum of oscillations. Moreover, nonlinear NMDAR action is seen to be state-dependent and can have opposite effects depending on the type of neurons involved and the level of input firing rate received. The presented model can serve as a computationally efficient building block in whole brain network models for investigating the differential modulation of different types of synapses under neuromodulatory influence or receptor specific malfunction.
Experimental and numerical characterization of a flexible strain sensor based on polydimethylsiloxane polymeric network and MWCNT’s
Authors: Vázquez-Torres Nadia A. , Benítez-Martínez Jorge A. , Vélez-Cordero Juan R. , Sánchez-Arévalo Francisco M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We demonstrated the feasibility of obtaining a low-cost, flexible strain sensor by spraying a conductive thin layer of MWCNT’s over an S-pattern embedded within a PDMS matrix. The final composite conforms a dog bone-shaped tensile specimen intended to measure the strain associated with a human wrist extension movement. Our sensor works with a combination of different mechanisms, such as piezoresistivity and tunneling, which depend on the level and repetitions of loads applied to the sensor. According to the reported elongation ratios, these sensors can detect large strains, up to 40%, for several uniaxial loading-unloading cycles. This makes them useful for human skin strain measurements.

Graphical abstract
Chaotic dynamics of a continuous and discrete generalized Ziegler pendulum
Authors: Disca Stefano , Coscia Vincenzo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present analytical and numerical results on integrability and transition to chaotic motion for a generalized Ziegler pendulum, a double pendulum subject to an angular elastic potential and a follower force. Several variants of the original dynamical system, including the presence of gravity and friction, are considered, in order to analyze whether the integrable cases are preserved or not in presence of further external forces, both potential and non-potential. Particular attention is devoted to the presence of dissipative forces, that are analyzed in two different formulations. Furthermore, a study of the discrete version is performed. The analysis of periodic points, that is presented up to period 3, suggests that the discrete map associated to the dynamical system has not dense sets of periodic points, so that the map would not be chaotic in the sense of Devaney for a choice of the parameters that corresponds to a general case of chaotic motion for the original system.
Measure for Measure: Operationalising Cognitive Realism
Authors: Beni Majid D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper develops a measure of realism from within the framework of cognitive structural realism (CSR). It argues that in the context of CSR, realism can be operationalised in terms of balance between accuracy and generality. More specifically, the paper draws on the free energy principle to characterise the measure of realism in terms of the balance between accuracy and generality.
Analytic wave solutions to the beta-time fractional modified equal width equation based on two efficient approaches
Authors: Zafar Asim , Raheel M. , Jamal M. , Siddique Imran , Tawfiq Ferdous M. , Tchier Fairouz , Bilal Muhammad , Inc Mustafa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBy using the two distinct methods known as the $$\exp (-\phi (\eta ))$$

exp
(
-
ϕ
(
η
)
)

and the $$Exp_a$$

E
x

p
a

-function methods, various forms of soliton solutions of the modified equal width wave equation (MEWE) with beta time derivative (BTD) are produced in this study. This model is used as a model in partial differential equations for the simulation of one-dimensional wave transmission in nonlinear media with dispersion processes. The obtained solutions are in the form of rational, trigonometry and hyperbolic trigonometry functions. Using Mathematica software, the resulting solitons are validated. Graphs are also used at the conclusion to explain the findings. These soliton solutions imply that these two methods are more dependable, simple and efficient than other methods. The findings can be used to explain how studious structures and other comparable non-linear physical structures are substantially understood. The obtained results are very helpful in the fields of optics, kinetics solid-state physics and hydro-magnetic waves in cold plasma.
Cyberattack, cyber risk mitigation capabilities, and firm productivity in Kenya
Authors: Tetteh Godsway Korku , Otioma Chuks 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMost scholarly work has focused on the positive effects of digitalisation in Sub-Saharan Africa without accounting for the associated risks and mitigation measures at the firm level. Using the 2016 Enterprise ICT Survey of Kenya which provides a rich source of information on the use of ICT among firms, we examine the effect of cybersecurity breach on labour productivity and show how this effect is moderated by cyber risk mitigation capabilities at the firm level. We find that cybersecurity breach reduces labour productivity at the firm level. We also find that upskilling mitigates the negative effect of cybersecurity breach on labour productivity especially for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. The results further suggest that while Information Technology Policy and Information Technology Security capabilities can enable firms to improve labour productivity, these measures are not sufficient to offset the adverse effect of cybersecurity breach on labour productivity. Together the results imply that upskilling is an effective cyber risk mitigation measure against cybersecurity breaches at the firm level and therefore should be an integral part of the overarching IT governance strategy of firms.
Towards a Viable Knowledge Environment within an Academic Institution
Authors: Kurti Erdelina , Salavati Sadaf 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study presents a Viable System Model diagnosis of the academic structure in the form of Knowledge Environment focusing on digital transformation. Data has been collected through interviews complemented with document analysis. This research has identified several challenges mainly in terms of structural alignment between two recursive levels. In addition, we discuss how the viability of the Knowledge Environment can be strengthened by redefining roles and responsibilities of different systems. This research contributes to the scholarly work on the Viable System Model application to academic institutions. The case in focus cuts across several faculties and departments raising known challenges as identified in related research and new challenges found through the diagnosis. In this research we apply a soft systems lens combining two systems approaches, Rich Picture from Soft Systems Methodology and Viable System Model to diagnose and discuss the complexity of the dynamic knowledge environment, as well as to explore initial ideas for further enhancing its viability.
The Impact of Wettability on the Co-moving Velocity of Two-Fluid Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Alzubaidi Fatimah , McClure James E. , Pedersen Håkon , Hansen Alex , Berg Carl Fredrik , Mostaghimi Peyman , Armstrong Ryan T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe impact of wettability on the co-moving velocity of two-fluid flow in porous media is analyzed herein. The co-moving velocity, developed by Roy et al. (Front Phys 8:4, 2022), is a novel representation of the flow behavior of two fluids through porous media. Our study aims to better understand the behavior of the co-moving velocity by analyzing simulation data under various wetting conditions. We analyzed 46 relative permeability curves based on the Lattice–Boltzmann color fluid model and two experimentally determined relative permeability curves. The analysis of the relative permeability data followed the methodology proposed by Roy et al. (Front Phys 8:4, 2022) to reconstruct a constitutive equation for the co-moving velocity. Surprisingly, the coefficients of the constitutive equation were found to be nearly the same for all wetting conditions. On the basis of these results, a simple approach was proposed to reconstruct the relative permeability of the oil phase using only the co-moving velocity relationship and the relative permeability of the water phase. This proposed method provides new information on the interdependence of the relative permeability curves, which has implications for the history matching of production data and the solution of the associated inverse problem. The research findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of wettability on fluid flow in porous media and provide a practical approach for estimating relative permeability based on the co-moving velocity relationship, which has never been shown before.
A systematic review of diet and medication use among centenarians and near-centenarians worldwide
Authors: Dai Zhaoli , Lee Sue Yi , Sharma Srishti , Ullah Shahid , Tan Edwin C. K. , Brodaty Henry , Schutte Aletta E. , Sachdev Perminder S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCentenarians represent a phenomenon of successful aging. This systematic review aimed to understand lifestyles and health practices, focusing on diet and medication use for healthy longevity in community-based adults 95 years or over. Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, and gray literature were searched from 1 January 2000 to 10 December 2022. Study quality was assessed using the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (mNOS). Pooled prevalence [%; 95% confidence interval] for categorical variables and pooled mean for continuous variables were estimated for demographics, weight status, lifestyle factors, medications, and health conditions. Of 3392 records screened, 34 studies were included in the review, and 71% (24/34) met the 6/8 criteria in mNOS. Centenarians/near-centenarians’ ages ranged from 95 to 118 years, with 75% (71–78%) female and 78% (68–88%) living in rural areas. They had an overall healthy lifestyle: current smoking (7%; 5–9%), drinking (23%; 17–30%), normal weight (52%; 42–61%), overweight (14%; 8–20%), physical activity (23%; 20–26%), and sleep satisfaction (68%; 65–72%). Diet averaged 59.6% carbohydrate, 18.5% protein, and 29.3% fat; over 60% consumed a diverse diet, and < 20% preferred salty food, contributing to lower mortality risks and functional decline. About half used antihypertensives (49%; 14–84%) or other cardiovascular drugs (48%; 24–71%), with an average of 4.6 medications. Common health issues included impaired basic activities of daily living (54%; 33–74%), hypertension (43%; 21–65%), and dementia (41%; 23–59%). The findings of this systemic review underscore the pivotal role of dietary practice and weight management in healthcare strategies to promote healthy ageing. It also recognises rural living styles and sleep hygiene as potential factors contributing to healthy longevity.
Association of physical function with connectivity in the sensorimotor and dorsal attention networks: why examining specific components of physical function matters
Authors: Boyd Madeline C. , Burdette Jonathan H. , Miller Michael E. , Lyday Robert G. , Hugenschmidt Christina E. , Jack Rejeski W. , Simpson Sean L. , Baker Laura D. , Tomlinson Chal E. , Kritchevsky Stephen B. , Laurienti Paul J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeclining physical function with aging is associated with structural and functional brain network organization. Gaining a greater understanding of network associations may be useful for targeting interventions that are designed to slow or prevent such decline. Our previous work demonstrated that the Short Physical Performance Battery (eSPPB) score and body mass index (BMI) exhibited a statistical interaction in their associations with connectivity in the sensorimotor cortex (SMN) and the dorsal attention network (DAN). The current study examined if components of the eSPPB have unique associations with these brain networks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 192 participants in the BNET study, a longitudinal and observational trial of community-dwelling adults aged 70 or older. Functional brain networks were generated for resting state and during a motor imagery task. Regression analyses were performed between eSPPB component scores (gait speed, complex gait speed, static balance, and lower extremity strength) and BMI with SMN and DAN connectivity. Gait speed, complex gait speed, and lower extremity strength significantly interacted with BMI in their association with SMN at rest. Gait speed and complex gait speed were interacted with BMI in the DAN at rest while complex gait speed, static balance, and lower extremity strength interacted with BMI in the DAN during motor imagery. Results demonstrate that different components of physical function, such as balance or gait speed and BMI, are associated with unique aspects of brain network organization. Gaining a greater mechanistic understanding of the associations between low physical function, body mass, and brain physiology may lead to the development of treatments that not only target specific physical function limitations but also specific brain networks.