bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crustal thickness and velocity structure across the Moroccan Atlas from long offset wide‐angle reflection seismic data: The SIMA experiment
Authors: Ayarza P. , Carbonell R. , Teixell A. , Palomeras I. , Martí D. , Kchikach A. , Harnafi M. , Levander A. , Gallart J. , Arboleya M. L. , Alcalde J. , Fernández M. , Charroud M. , Amrhar M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe crustal structure and topography of the Moho boundary beneath the Atlas Mountains of Morocco has been constrained by a controlled source, wide‐angle seismic reflection transect: the SIMA experiment. This paper presents the first results of this project, consisting of an almost 700 km long, high‐resolution seismic profile acquired from the Sahara craton across the High and the Middle Atlas and the Rif Mountains. The interpretation of this seismic data set is based on forward modeling by raytracing, and has resulted in a detailed crustal structure and velocity model for the Atlas Mountains. Results indicate that the High Atlas features a moderate crustal thickness, with the Moho located at a minimum depth of 35 km to the S and at around 31 km to the N, in the Middle Atlas. Upper crustal shortening is resolved at depth through a crustal root where the Saharan crust underthrusts the northern Moroccan crust. This feature defines a lower crust imbrication that, locally, places the Moho boundary at ∼40–41 km depth in the northern part of the High Atlas. The P‐wave velocity model is characterized by relatively low velocities, mostly in the lower crust and upper mantle, when compared to other active orogens and continental regions. These low deep crustal velocities together with other geophysical observables such as conductivity estimates derived from MT measurements, moderate Bouguer gravity anomaly, high heat flow, and surface exposures of recent alkaline volcanism lead to a model where partial melts are currently emplaced at deep crustal levels and in the upper mantle. The resulting model supports the existence of a mantle upwelling as mechanism that would contribute significantly to sustain the High Atlas topography. However, the detailed Moho geometry deduced in this work should lead to a revision of the exact geometry and position of this mantle feature and will require new modeling efforts.
Three‐dimensional imaging of subsurface structural patterns using quantitative large‐scale multiconfiguration electromagnetic induction data
Authors: von Hebel Christian , Rudolph Sebastian , Mester Achim , Huisman Johan A. , Kumbhar Pramod , Vereecken Harry , van der Kruk Jan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractElectromagnetic induction (EMI) systems measure the soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), which is related to the soil water content, texture, and salinity changes. Large‐scale EMI measurements often show relevant areal ECa patterns, but only few researchers have attempted to resolve vertical changes in electrical conductivity that in principle can be obtained using multiconfiguration EMI devices. In this work, we show that EMI measurements can be used to determine the lateral and vertical distribution of the electrical conductivity at the field scale and beyond. Processed ECa data for six coil configurations measured at the Selhausen (Germany) test site were calibrated using inverted electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data from a short transect with a high ECa range, and regridded using a nearest neighbor interpolation. The quantitative ECa data at each grid node were inverted using a novel three‐layer inversion that uses the shuffled complex evolution (SCE) optimization and a Maxwell‐based electromagnetic forward model. The obtained 1‐D results were stitched together to form a 3‐D subsurface electrical conductivity model that showed smoothly varying electrical conductivities and layer thicknesses, indicating the stability of the inversion. The obtained electrical conductivity distributions were validated with low‐resolution grain size distribution maps and two 120 m long ERT transects that confirmed the obtained lateral and vertical large‐scale electrical conductivity patterns. Observed differences in the EMI and ERT inversion results were attributed to differences in soil water content between acquisition days. These findings indicate that EMI inversions can be used to infer hydrologically active layers.
Towards High Efficiency and Low Roll‐Off Orange Electrophosphorescent Devices by Fine Tuning Singlet and Triplet Energies of Bipolar Hosts Based on Indolocarbazole/1, 3, 5‐Triazine Hybrids
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian , Li Yilang , Li Haoyuan , Bin Zhengyang , Zhang Deqiang , Qiao Juan , Dong Guifang , Wang Liduo , Qiu Yong 
Published: March 2014

Orange‐emitting phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) are drawing more and more attention; however, high‐performance hosts designed for orange PHOLEDs are rare. Here, four indolocarbazole/1, 3, 5‐triazine hybrids are synthesized to optimize the singlet and triplet energies, as well as transporting properties, for ideal orange PHOLEDs. By introducing moieties with different electronegativity, a graded reduction of the singlet and triplet energies is achieved, resulting in minimum injection barrier and minimum energy loss. Besides, the charge transporting abilities are also tuned to be balanced on the basis of the bipolar features of those materials. The optimized orange PHOLED shows a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.5% and a power efficiency of 64 lm W–1, both of which are among the best values for orange PHOLEDs. What is more, the efficiency roll‐off is extremely small, with an EQE of 24.4% at 1000 cd m–2 and 23.8% at 10 000 cd m–2, respectively, which is the lowest efficiency roll‐off for orange PHOLEDs to date, resulting in the highest EQE for orange PHOLEDs when the luminance is above 1000 cd m–2. Besides the balanced charges, the small roll‐off is also attributed to the wide recombination zone resulting from the bipolar features of the hosts.
Influence of polymer on dynamic interfacial tensions of EOR surfactant solutions
Authors: Ma Bao‐dong , Gao Bao‐yu , Zhang Lei , Gong Qing‐tao , Jin Zhi‐qiang , Zhang Lu , Zhao Sui 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe effects of different types of polymers, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide (HMPAM), on dynamic interfacial tensions (IFTs) of surfactant/model oil systems have been investigated by the spinning drop method in this article. Two anionic surfactants, 1,2‐dihexyl‐4‐propylbenzene sulfonate (366), 1,4‐dibutyl‐2‐nonylbenzene sulfonate (494) and an anionic–nonionic surfactant octyl‐[ω‐alkyloxy‐poly(oxyethylene)]yl‐benzene sulfonates (828) with high purity were selected as model surfactants. The influences of polymer concentration on IFT were expounded. It was found that the addition of polymer mostly results in increasing IFT because the interfacial molecular arrangement is modified owing to the interaction between polymer and surfactants. For HPAM, the polymer chains will enter the surfactant adsorption layer to form mixed‐adsorption layer. Therefore, HPAM shows strong effect on surfactant molecules with large size, such as 366. Conversely, surfactants can interact with the hydrophobic blocks of HMPAM and form mixed micelle‐like associations at interface. As a result, HMPAM shows more impact on IFT of 494 due to small steric hindrance for the formation of interfacial associations. This mechanism has been ensured by 828 molecules with two long alkyl chains. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40562.
The influence of synoptic weather regimes on UK air quality: analysis of satellite column NO2
Authors: Pope R. J. , Savage N. H. , Chipperfield M. P. , Arnold S. R. , Osborn T. J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGroupings of Lamb weather types (LWTs) are used to assess the influence of synoptic meteorology on UK tropospheric column NO2. Composite satellite maps using daily 2005–2011 data show significant NO2 anomalies for each group. Hence, despite large day‐to‐day variability and significant uncertainty in individual retrievals, the satellite data can be used to determine national‐scale column NO2 variations under different meteorological conditions. Under cyclonic conditions, NO2 is reduced, while anticyclonic conditions aid its accumulation, especially during winter, consistent with trapping of surface emissions and slower photochemical processing. This composite dataset can be used to test seasonal simulations of air quality models.
Hydrological scenario reduction for stochastic optimization in hydrothermal power systems
Authors: Aravena Ignacio , Gil Esteban 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMost of the methods developed for hydrothermal power system planning are based on scenario‐based stochastic programming and therefore represent the stochastic hydro variable (water inflows) as a finite set of hydrological scenarios. As the level of detail in the models grows and the associated optimization problems become more complex, the need to reduce the number of scenarios without distorting the nature of the stochastic variable is arising. In this paper, we propose a scenario reduction method for discrete multivariate distributions based on transforming the moment‐matching technique into a combinatorial optimization problem. The method is applied to hydro inflow data from the Chilean Central Interconnected System and is benchmarked against results for the optimal operation of the Chilean Central Interconnected System determined with the selected subsets and the complete set of historical hydrological scenarios. Simulation results show that the proposed scenario‐reduction method could adequately approximate the probability distribution of the objective function of the operational planning problem. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local risk‐minimization with longevity bonds
Authors: Henriksen Lars Frederik Brandt , Møller Thomas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper studies the criterion of local risk‐minimization for life insurance contracts in a financial market, which includes longevity bonds. The longevity bond is a bond specifying payments, which are linked to the current number of survivors in a given portfolio of insured lives. The number of survivors is modeled via a double‐stochastic process, where the mortality intensity is driven by a time‐inhomogeneous Cox–Ingersoll–Ross model. In addition to the longevity bond, the financial market is assumed to consist of a traditional bond and a savings account. We define the price process of the longevity bond by introducing a pricing measure. The paper extends previous work in the literature to the case where the traded assets are not martingales under the measure used for determining the optimal strategies. We compare our results under the real measure with the former results of globally risk‐minimizing strategies, obtained using an equivalent martingale measure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypervalent Iodine‐Mediated Selective Oxidative Functionalization of (Thio)chromones with Alkanes
Authors: Narayan Rishikesh , Antonchick Andrey P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCC bond formation is the most fundamental way for the chain propagation in organic molecules. This achievement through tandem oxidation of two different CH bonds represents the state of the art in organic synthesis. Selective functionalization of the ubiquitous aliphatic CH bonds offers an attractive option for this oxidative cross‐coupling methodology. To develop such a methodology under mild and “metal‐free” conditions remains challenging. Herein, we report hypervalent iodine‐mediated selective oxidative functionalization of aliphatic CH bonds of alkanes with chromones and (thio)chromones. A wide range of alkanes, both cyclic and acyclic, has been found to react selectively and predictably in good yields. The developed methodology is also the first report of a direct oxidative functionalization of the C‐2 position of (thio)chromones with alkanes to access bioactive compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Stabilization of Carbon‐Supported Palladium Nanoparticles Through the Formation of an Alloy with Gold: Application to the Sonogashira Reaction.
Authors: Rossy Cybille , Majimel Jerome , Fouquet Eric , Delacote Cyril , Boujtita Mohammed , Labrugere Christine , Treguer‐Delapierre Mona , Felpin Francois‐Xavier 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe recyclable Pd‐alloy nanoparticles are used as catalyst for the Sonogashira‐coupling of several substituted aryl iodides and aryl acetylenes, as well as alkyl acetylenes with good yields.
A genome‐wide association study platform built on iPlant cyber‐infrastructure
Authors: Wang Liya , Ware Doreen , Lushbough Carol , Merchant Nirav , Stein Lincoln 
Published: March 2014

SummaryWe demonstrate a flexible genome‐wide association study platform built upon the iPlant Collaborative Cyber‐infrastructure. The platform supports big data management, sharing, and large‐scale study of both genotype and phenotype data on clusters. End users can add their own analysis tools and create customized analysis workflows through the graphical user interfaces in both iPlant Discovery Environment and BioExtract server. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐cultural examination of beliefs about the causes of bulimia nervosa among Australian and Japanese females
Authors: Dryer Rachel , Uesaka Yuri , Manalo Emmanuel , Tyson Graham 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify similarities and differences in beliefs about the causes of Bulimia Nervosa (BN) held by Asian (Japanese) women and Western (Australian) women, and hence, to examine the applicability of belief models of eating disorders (ED) across different cultures.MethodFour hundred three Japanese and 256 Australian female university students (aged 17–35 years) completed a questionnaire that gauged beliefs about the causes of BN.ResultsAmong the Australian women, the four‐component structure of perceived causes (dieting and eating practices, family dynamics, socio‐cultural pressure, and psychological vulnerability) found in Dryer et al. (2012) was replicated. Among the Japanese women, however, a three‐component structure (without the psychological vulnerability component) was obtained. The groups also differed in the causal component they most strongly endorsed, that being socio‐cultural pressure for the Australian women, and dieting and eating practices for the Japanese women.DiscussionThe Japanese participants were found to endorse three out of the four Western‐based causal explanations for BN, but the relative importance they placed on those explanations differed from that of the Australian participants. Further research is needed, particularly to establish whether Japanese women simply fail to see psychological vulnerability as a viable cause of BN, or there are in fact cultural differences in the extent to which such vulnerability causes BN. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:176–186)
A long‐term field experiment of soil transplantation demonstrating the role of contemporary geographic separation in shaping soil microbial community structure
Authors: Sun Bo , Wang Feng , Jiang Yuji , Li Yun , Dong Zhixin , Li Zhongpei , Zhang Xue‐Xian 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe spatial patterns of microbial communities are largely determined by the combined effects of historical contingencies and contemporary environmental disturbances, but their relative importance remains poorly understood. Empirical biogeographic data currently available are mostly based on the traditional method of observational survey, which typically involves comparing indigenous microbial communities across spatial scales. Here, we report a long‐term soil transplantation experiment, whereby the same two soils (red Acrisol and purple Cambisol from Yingtan) were placed into two geographic locations of ~1000 km apart (i.e., Yingtan in the mid‐subtropical region and Fengqiu in warm‐temperate region; both located in China). Twenty years after the transplantation, the resulting soil microbial communities were subject to high‐throughput 454 pyrosequencing analysis of 16S and 18S rRNA genes. Additionally, bacteria and archaea involved in nitrogen cycling were estimated using clone library analysis of four genes: archaeal amoA, bacterial amoA, nirK, and nifH. Data of subsequent phylogenetic analysis show that bacteria, fungi, and other microbial eukaryotes, as well as the nitrogen cycling genes, are grouped primarily by the factor of geographic location rather than soil type. Moreover, a shift of microbial communities toward those in local soil (i.e., Chao soil in Fengqiu) has been observed. The results thus suggest that the historical effects persistent in the soil microbial communities can be largely erased by contemporary disturbance within a short period of 20 years, implicating weak effects of historical contingencies on the structure and composition of microbial communities in the soil.
Hierarchical N‐Doped TiO2 Microspheres with Exposed (001) Facets for Enhanced Visible Light Catalysis
Authors: Li Zhongtao , Ren Zhiyu , Qu Yang , Du Shichao , Wu Jun , Kong Lingjun , Tian Guohui , Zhou Wei , Fu Honggang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHierarchical N‐doped TiO2 microspheres with exposed (001) facets [N‐TiO2‐(001)] were synthesized through a simple, fluorine‐free solvothermal reaction with subsequent thermal treatment. The results show that the hierarchical N‐TiO2‐(001) microspheres are made up of numerous TiO2 nanosheets, and that isopropylamine (IPAN) acts as both the nitrogen source and the capping and shape‐controlling agent that generates the high‐energy (001) facets. In addition, IPAN is also effective in increasing the onset temperature of the phase transformation of TiO2 from anatase to rutile. Compared with the commercially available P25 TiO2, the as‐prepared TiO2 microspheres exhibit good photocatalytic activity and high stability under visible‐light irradiation. The high photocatalytic performance is derived from the synergy effect of N‐doping and the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes among different facets, as evidenced by surface photovoltage spectroscopy.
Synthesis of Purine Nucleosides from D‐Glucuronic Acid Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Cholinesterase‐Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Xavier Nuno M. , Schwarz Stefan , Vaz Pedro D. , Csuk René , Rauter Amélia P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGlucuronolactones were used as precursors for N9 and N7 purine nucleosides containing glucuronic acid derivatives in their structures. Acetylated N‐benzylglucofuran‐ and glucopyranuronamides were synthesized in a few steps from glucofuranurono‐6,3‐lactone. They were converted into the corresponding furanosyl and pyranosyl uronamide‐based nucleosides by N‐glycosylation with silylated 2‐acetamido‐6‐chloropurine in the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate. The triacetylated bicyclic lactone was coupled itself with the nucleobase to give bicyclic N9,N7 nucleosides. Tri‐O‐acetylglucopyranurono‐6,1‐lactone was used for the first time as a glycosyl donor for N‐glycosylation, and led to β‐configured N9‐ and N7‐linked purinylglucuronides under reaction conditions similar to those used with the 1‐O‐acetyl‐substituted glycosyl donors. The cholinesterase inhibitory profiles of the synthetic nucleosides bearing glucuronic acid derivatives as glycons were evaluated, and they showed moderate selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities (Ki = 14.78–50.53 μM). The best inhibition was shown by the furanosyl N9‐linked uronamide‐based purine nucleoside.
Biomechanical analyses of prosthetic mesh repair in a hiatal hernia model
Authors: Alizai Patrick Hamid , Schmid Sofie , Otto Jens , Klink Christian Daniel , Roeth Anjali , Nolting Jochen , Neumann Ulf Peter , Klinge Uwe 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRecurrence rate of hiatal hernia can be reduced with prosthetic mesh repair; however, type and shape of the mesh are still a matter of controversy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical properties of four conventional meshes: pure polypropylene mesh (PP‐P), polypropylene/poliglecaprone mesh (PP‐U), polyvinylidenefluoride/polypropylene mesh (PVDF‐I), and pure polyvinylidenefluoride mesh (PVDF‐S). Meshes were tested either in warp direction (parallel to production direction) or perpendicular to the warp direction. A Zwick testing machine was used to measure elasticity and effective porosity of the textile probes. Stretching of the meshes in warp direction required forces that were up to 85‐fold higher than the same elongation in perpendicular direction. Stretch stress led to loss of effective porosity in most meshes, except for PVDF‐S. Biomechanical impact of the mesh was additionally evaluated in a hiatal hernia model. The different meshes were used either as rectangular patches or as circular meshes. Circular meshes led to a significant reinforcement of the hiatus, largely unaffected by the orientation of the warp fibers. In contrast, rectangular meshes provided a significant reinforcement only when warp fibers ran perpendicular to the crura. Anisotropic elasticity of prosthetic meshes should therefore be considered in hiatal closure with rectangular patches. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1485–1495, 2014.
Identification of Hsf1 as a novel androgen receptor‐regulated gene in mouse Sertoli cells
Authors: Yang Lihua , Wang Yadong , Zhang Qiang , Lai Yongqing , Li Cailing , Zhang Qiaoxia , Huang Weiren , Duan Yonggang , Jiang Zhimao , Li Xianxin , Cai Zhiming , Mou Lisha , Gui Yaoting 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYAndrogen signaling plays a crucial role in spermatogenesis, yet few downstream targets for this signaling pathway have been identified. In the current study, we found that the expression of heat‐shock transcription factor 1 (Hsf1) was increased in the testes of Sertoli cell‐selective androgen receptor knockout (S‐AR−/y) mice compared with wild‐type mice by quantitative real‐time PCR, and the expression of HSF1 in the S‐AR−/y Sertoli cells was significantly increased, based on immunofluorescence analysis. In vitro cell‐culture studies showed that testosterone repressed the expression of Hsf1 in TM4 cells, a mouse Sertoli cell line. Moreover, a luciferase assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that testosterone repressed Hsf1 expression by facilitating the binding of androgen receptor to the Hsf1 promoter. Our experiments also demonstrated that testosterone‐mediated inhibition of Hsf1 transcription down‐regulated the expression of heat‐shock proteins HSP105 and HSP60. Taken together, these results reveal that Hsf1 is a novel target of androgen receptor in mouse Sertoli cells, and testosterone and its receptor regulate the process of spermatogenesis partially by inhibiting Hsf1 expression. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 514–523, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.