bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A low‐cost UHF RFID tag chip with AES cryptography engine
Authors: Fu Lingzhi , Shen Xiang , Zhu Linghao , Wang Junyu 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the design of a low‐cost ultra‐high‐frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tag chip with an advanced encryption standard (AES) cryptographic engine is presented. The design of digital baseband is verified on a Field‐Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platform. The whole chip, including a radio frequency frontend, an analog frontend, an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read‐Only Memory (EEPROM), and a baseband with AES engine, is taped out on Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC) 0.13μm process. The chip area is 1 × 1 mm2, in which 0.6 × 0.3 mm2 is covered by the digital baseband. The power consumption of the entire tag chip is 20.9 μW. The design can work on both two modes of the standard ISO 18000‐6C mode and the security enhanced ISO 18000‐6C mode. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first UHF passive RFID tag chip with AES algorithm in the baseband.
Characterization of physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and their immediate environments in high‐throughput screening of nanomaterial biological activity
Authors: Wang Amy , Marinakos Stella M. , Badireddy Appala Raju , M. Powers Christina , A. Houck Keith 
Published: May 2013

Thousands of nanomaterials (NMs) are in commerce and few have toxicity data. To prioritize NMs for toxicity testing, high‐throughput screening (HTS) of biological activity may be the only practical and timely approach to provide the necessary information. As in all nanotoxicologic studies, characterization of physicochemical properties of NMs and their immediate environments in HTS is critical to understanding how these properties affect NM bioactivity and to allow extrapolation to NMs not screened. The purpose of the study, the expert‐groups‐recommended minimal characterization, and NM physicochemical properties likely to affect measured bioactivity all help determine the scope of characterization. A major obstacle in reaping the full benefits of HTS for NMs is the low throughput of NM physicochemical characterization, which may require more sample quantity than HTS assays. Increasing the throughput and speed, and decreasing the amount of NMs needed for characterization are crucial. Finding characterization techniques and biological activity assays compatible with diverse classes of NMs is a challenge and multiple approaches for the same endpoints may be necessary. Use of computational tools and nanoinformatics for organizing and analyzing data are important to fully utilize the power of HTS. Other desired advances include the ability to more fully characterize: pristine NM without prior knowledge of NM physicochemical properties; non‐pristine NMs (e.g., after use); NM in not‐perfectly‐dispersed suspension; and NM in biological samples at exposure‐relevant conditions. Through combining HTS and physicochemical characterization results, we will better understand NM bioactivities, prioritize NMs for further testing, and build computational models to predict NM toxicity. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2013. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1229This article is categorized under:

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Should Diaphragmatic Involvement Preclude Resection of Large Hepatic Tumors?
Authors: Arkadopoulos Nikolaos , Kyriazi Maria A. , Perelas Apostolos , Theodoraki Kassiani , Papantoni Evangelia , Kokoropoulos Panagiotis , Danias Nikolaos , Smyrniotis Vassilios 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of peripherally located liver tumors with diaphragmatic invasion is technically demanding but does not preclude resection for cure. The aim of the present study was to compare patients undergoing combined liver and diaphragmatic resection with those submitted to hepatectomy alone so as to evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and value of this complex surgical procedure.MethodsFrom January 2000 to September 2011, 36 consecutive patients underwent en bloc liver‐diaphragm resection (group A). These were individually matched for age, gender, tumor size, pathology, and co‐morbitidies with 36 patients who underwent hepatectomy alone during the same time (group B). Operative time, warm ischemia time, blood loss, required transfusions, postoperative complications, and long‐term survival were evaluated.ResultsMean operative time was significantly longer in group A than in group B (165 vs 142 min; P = 0.004). The two groups were comparable regarding warm ischemia time, intraoperative blood loss, required transfusions, and postoperative laboratory value fluctuations. Some 33 % of group A patients developed complications postoperatively as opposed to 23 % of group B patients (P = 0.03). The mortality rate was 2.8 % in group A compared to 0 % in group B. Postoperative follow‐up demonstrated 60 % 1‐year survival for group A patients as opposed to 80 % 1‐year survival for group B patients, a difference that is practically eliminated the longer the follow‐up period is extended (35 vs 40 % 3‐year survival and 33 vs 37 % 5‐year survival for group A and group B patients, respectively).ConclusionsEn bloc diaphragmatic and liver resection is a challenging but safe surgical procedure that is fully justified when diaphragmatic infiltration cannot be ruled out and the patient is considered fit enough to undergo surgery.
Highly valuable microalgae: biochemical and topological aspects
Authors: Pignolet Olivier , Jubeau Sébastien , Vaca-Garcia Carlos , Michaud Philippe 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The past decade has seen a surge in the interest in microalgae culture for biodiesel production and other applications as renewable biofuels as an alternative to petroleum transport fuels. The development of new technologies for the culture of these photosynthetic microorganisms and improved knowledge of their biochemical composition has spurred innovation in the field of high-value biomolecules. These developments are only economically viable if all the microalgae fractions are valorized in a biorefinery strategy. Achieving this objective requires an understanding of microalgae content and the cellular localization of the main biomolecular families in order to develop efficient harvest and sequential recovery technologies. This review summarizes the state of the art in microalgae compositions and topologies using some examples of the main industrially farmed microalgae.
Monitoring records of plant species in the Hakone region of Fuji‐Hakone‐Izu National Park, Japan, 2001–2010
Authors: Osawa Takeshi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe monitoring of species occurrences is a crucial aspect of biodiversity conservation, and regional volunteerism can serve as a powerful tool in such endeavors. The Fuji‐Hakone‐Izu National Park in the Hakone region of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, boasts a volunteer association of approximately 100 members. These volunteers have monitored plant species occurrences from 2001 to the present along several hiking trails in the region. In this paper, I present the annual observation records of plant occurrences in Hakone from 2001 to 2010. This data set includes 1,071 species of plants from 151 families. Scientific names follow the Y List, and this data set includes several threatened plant species. Data files are formatted based on the Darwin Core and Darwin Core Archives, which are defined by the Biodiversity Information Standards (BIS) or Biodiversity Information Standards Taxonomic Databases Working Group (TDWG). Data files filled on required and some additional item on Darwin Core. The data set can download from the author's personal Web site as of July 2012. These data will soon be published for the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) through GBIF Japan. All users can then access the data from the GBIF portal site.
Skin Penetration of Fatty Acids from Soap Surfactants in Cleansers Dependent on Foam Bubble Size
Authors: Sonoda Junko , Sakai Takaya , Inoue Yousuke , Inomata Yukio 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSkin cleansers exhibiting less irritation are required. Although most skin cleansers are applied to the skin in a foam state, the amount of surfactant penetrating into the skin is measured in the solution state. Due to the fact that surfactant penetration causes skin irritation, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used in this study to investigate, from the viewpoint of surfactant penetration, the correlation between foam characteristics and the condition of skin treated with foam. Results demonstrated that as the concentration of surfactant in water drainage from the foam decreased, the composition of surfactants in water drainage shifted to contain smaller amounts of longer‐chain surfactants, whereas the bubble size of the foam became smaller, notwithstanding any change in compounds. When several bubble sizes of foam were added to the skin, it was confirmed that the amount of surfactant penetrating into the skin depends on the levels in the water drainage. The amount of surfactant penetrating into the skin increased with foam bubble size. It was thought that the surfactant at the gas–liquid interface cannot act freely, and thus surfactants in the water drainage tended to penetrate the skin. These results suggest that along with the type of surfactant, both foam morphology and the actual way in which the foam is produced are also important factors that need to be considered when designing milder cleansers.
Shaping synaptic plasticity: The role of activity‐mediated epigenetic regulation on gene transcription
Authors: Cortés‐Mendoza Javier , Díaz de León‐Guerrero Sol , Pedraza‐Alva Gustavo , Pérez‐Martínez Leonor 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLearning and memory are basic functions of the brain that allowed human evolution. It is well accepted that during learning and memory formation the dynamic establishment of new active synaptic connections is crucial. Persistent synaptic activation leads to molecular events that include increased release of neurotransmitters, increased expression of receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, thus creating a positive feedback that results in the activation of distinct signaling pathways that temporally and permanently alter specific patterns of gene expression. However, the epigenetic changes that allow the establishment of long term genetic programs that control learning and memory are not completely understood. Even less is known regarding the signaling events triggered by synaptic activity that regulate these epigenetic marks. Here we review the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling activity‐dependent gene transcription leading synaptic plasticity and memory formation. We describe how Ca2+ entry through N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate‐type glutamate neurotransmitter receptors result in the activation of specific signaling pathways leading to changes in gene expression, giving special emphasis to the recent data pointing out different epigenetic mechanisms (histone acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation as well as DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation) underlying learning and memory.
Using Health Insurance Claim Information for Evacuee Medical Support and Reconstruction After the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Tanihara Shinichi , Tomio Jun , Kobayashi Yasuki 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveLoss of patient information can hinder medical care for evacuees and the reconstruction of medical facilities damaged by major incidents. In Japan, health insurance coverage is universal, and information about diagnoses and health care services provided is shared by the medical facilities, Health Insurance Claims Review and Reimbursement Services or the National Health Insurance Organization (NHIO), and the insurers. After the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, we interviewed officers in charge of NHIO in the 3 prefectures that were damaged by the earthquake and elicited how they assisted with medical care for evacuees and reconstruction of the damaged medical facilities.MethodsComprehensive interviews were conducted with officers in charge of the NHIO in the 3 prefectures to obtain information about the use and provision of health insurance claims data 3 to 4 months after the event. We then analyzed the official data concerning use of the information from the claims in chronological order.ResultsThe NHIO headquarters in the 3 prefectures were not physically affected by the disaster, and their information on the health insurance claims was intact. Patient information acquired before the disaster was obtained from the health insurance claims and applied to the medical care of the evacuees. The information also was used to reconstruct patient records lost in the disaster.ConclusionThe information that was obtained from health insurance claims was used to improve medical care after the large-scale disaster. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1–5)
Worst-case amplification of disturbances in inertialess Couette flow of viscoelastic fluids
Authors: Lieu Binh K. , Jovanović Mihailo R. , Kumar Satish 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAmplification of deterministic disturbances in inertialess shear-driven channel flows of viscoelastic fluids is examined by analysing the frequency responses from spatio-temporal body forces to the velocity and polymer stress fluctuations. In strongly elastic flows, we show that disturbances with large streamwise length scales may be significantly amplified even in the absence of inertia. For fluctuations without streamwise variations, we derive explicit analytical expressions for the dependence of the worst-case amplification (from different forcing to different velocity and polymer stress components) on the Weissenberg number ($\mathit{We}$), the maximum extensibility of the polymer chains ($L$), the viscosity ratio and the spanwise wavenumber. For the Oldroyd-B model, the amplification of the most energetic components of velocity and polymer stress fields scales as${\mathit{We}}^{2} $and${\mathit{We}}^{4} $. On the other hand, the finite extensibility of polymer molecules limits the largest achievable amplification even in flows with infinitely large Weissenberg numbers: in the presence of wall-normal and spanwise forces, the amplification of the streamwise velocity and polymer stress fluctuations is bounded by quadratic and quartic functions of$L$. This high amplification signals low robustness to modelling imperfections of inertialess channel flows of viscoelastic fluids. The underlying physical mechanism involves interactions of polymer stress fluctuations with a base shear, and it represents a close analogue of the lift-up mechanism that initiates a bypass transition in inertial flows of Newtonian fluids.
Diffusion in hydrogel-supported phospholipid bilayer membranes
Authors: Wang Chih-Ying , Hill Reghan J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe model a cylindrical inclusion (lipid or membrane protein) translating with velocity$U$in a thin planar membrane (phospholipid bilayer) that is supported above and below by Brinkman media (hydrogels). The total force$F$, membrane velocity, and solvent velocity are calculated as functions of three independent dimensionless parameters:$\Lambda = \eta a/ ({\eta }_{m} h)$,${\ell }_{1} / a$and${\ell }_{2} / a$. Here,$\eta $and${\eta }_{m} $are the solvent and membrane shear viscosities,$a$is the particle radius,$h$is the membrane thickness, and${ \ell }_{1}^{2} $and${ \ell }_{2}^{2} $are the upper and lower hydrogel permeabilities. As expected, the dimensionless mobility$4\mathrm{\pi} \eta aU/ F= 4\mathrm{\pi} \eta aD/ ({k}_{B} T)$(proportional to the self-diffusion coefficient,$D$) decreases with decreasing gel permeabilities (increasing gel concentrations), furnishing a quantitative interpretation of how porous, gel-like supports hinder membrane dynamics. The model also provides a means of inferring hydrogel permeability and, perhaps, surface morphology from tracer diffusion measurements.
A spherical squirming swimmer in unsteady Stokes flow
Authors: Ishimoto Kenta 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe motion of a spherical squirmer in unsteady Stokes flow is investigated for a deeper understanding of unsteady inertial effects on swimming micro-organisms and differences of swimming strokes between a wave pattern and a flapping motion. An asymptotic analysis with respect to the small amplitude and the small inertia is performed, and the average swimming velocity after a long period of time under an assumption of a time-periodic stroke is obtained. This analysis shows that the scallop theorem still holds in a long-time asymptotic sense for tangential deformation, but that the time variation of the shape generates a net velocity even for a reciprocal swimmer. It is also found that the inertial effects on the swimming velocity are significant for a flapping swimmer, as contrasted with little influence on that of a swimmer with a wave pattern. The inertial effect is also illustrated with a simple squirmer, so that a reciprocal motion can be almost an optimal stroke under a constraint on energy consumption.
Turbulent boundary-layer noise: direct radiation at Mach number 0.5
Authors: Gloerfelt Xavier , Berland Julien 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBoundary layers constitute a fundamental source of aerodynamic noise. A turbulent boundary layer over a plane wall can provide an indirect contribution to the noise by exciting the structure and a direct noise contribution. The latter part can play a significant role even if its intensity is very low, explaining why it is difficult to measure. In the present study, the aerodynamic noise generated by a spatially developing turbulent boundary layer is computed directly by solving the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. This numerical experiment aims at giving some insight into the noise radiation characteristics. The acoustic wavefronts have a large wavelength and are oriented in the direction opposite to the flow. Their amplitude is only 0.7 % of the aerodynamic pressure for a flat-plate flow at Mach 0.5. The particular directivity is mainly explained by convection effects by the mean flow, giving an indication about the compactness of the sources. These vortical events correspond to low frequencies and thus have a large lifetime. They cannot be directly associated with the main structures populating the boundary layer such as hairpin or horseshoe vortices. The analysis of the wall pressure can provide a picture of the flow in the wavenumber–frequency space. The main features of wall pressure beneath a turbulent boundary layer as described in the literature are well reproduced. The acoustic domain, corresponding to supersonic wavenumbers, is detectable but can hardly be separated from the convective ridge at this relatively high speed. This is also due to the low frequencies of sound emission as noted previously.
Divergence-driven oscillations in a flexible-channel flow with fixed upstream flux
Authors: Xu Feng , Billingham John , Jensen Oliver E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe consider flow in a finite-length channel, one wall of which contains a membrane under longitudinal tension. The upstream flux and downstream pressure are prescribed and an external linear pressure distribution is applied to the membrane such that the system admits uniform Poiseuille flow as a steady solution. The system is described using a one-dimensional model that accounts for viscous and inertial effects. A linear stability analysis reveals that the uniform state is unstable to static (or divergent) and oscillatory instabilities. Asymptotic analysis in the neighbourhood of a Takens–Bogdanov bifurcation point shows how, when the downstream rigid section of the channel is not substantially longer than the membrane, an oscillatory mode arises through an interaction between two static eigenmodes. Perturbations to the uniform state exhibit the dynamics of a weakly dissipative Hamiltonian system for which low-frequency self-excited oscillations are forced by the divergent instability of two nearby steady solutions, before ultimately growing to large amplitudes. Simulations show that the subsequent dynamics can involve slamming motion in which the membrane briefly comes into near-contact with the opposite rigid wall over short length scales.
Numerical Investigation of the Ground Effect for a Small Bird
Authors: Tang J.-H. , Su J.-Y. , Wang C.-H. , Yang J.-T. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAn investigation with computational fluid dynamics of the ground effect on a small bird revealed quantitatively the obstruction of the vortex expansion resulting from the presence of the ground at varied distance. Preceding authors focused mainly on the bird's wings, generally neglecting the bird's body; we discuss specifically the distinction of the aerodynamic effect between cases with and without the presence of the bird's body. The results of simulation show that, considering only two wings, for a distance between the wing model and the ground smaller than a semi-span, the smaller is the ground clearance, the more significant is the ground effect. At clearance 0.37 times a semi-span, the drag is decreased 11%, and the lift is increased 5.6%. The ground effect for an intact bird model composed of both wings and body is less effective than that for a simplified model with body omitted, because a suction was observed on the lower surface of the intact bird's trunk at clearance 0.37 times a semi-span; for this reason the intact bird model benefits less from the ground effect than the model with body excluded, but increased lift and decreased drag remain observable. This research treating the ground effect on a gliding bird reveals the importance of the presence of the bird's body in both computational and experimental models.
Hall Effects on Unsteady Couette Flow in a Rotating System
Authors: Maji S. L. , Das S. , Jana R. N. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHall effects on the unsteady Couette flow between two infinite horizontal parallel plates in a rotating system under the boundary layer approximations have been studied. One of the plate is at rest and the other oscillates in its own plane with the velocityU(t). An exact solution of the governing equations has been obtained by the use of the Laplace transform technique. The numerical results for the velocity components and the shear stresses are depicted graphically. Asymptotic behavior of the solution has analyzed for large values of magnetic parameter, rotation parameter and frequency parameter to gain some physical insight into the flow pattern. It is observed that there exists thin boundary layer (s) is formed near the stationary plate for large values of rotation parameter, magnetic parameter and frequency parameter.
Beam Patterns of the Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Telescope
Authors: Dong B. , Han J. L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) is being constructed in China. With an illuminated aperture of 300-m diameter, it will be the most sensitive single-dish radio telescope in the world. We calculate the beam patterns, gains, and efficiencies of the FAST at 200 MHz, 1.4 GHz, and 3 GHz. A program is developed to calculate the structural parameters and construct the FAST models. The three-dimensional beam patterns are calculated by utilising the shooting and bouncing ray method. We show that, with a coaxial horn feed, the FAST has a beam pattern of high gain and reasonably low first sidelobe over the frequency range of 200 MHz to 3 GHz. Compared with an ideal 300-m parabolic reflector, the un-illuminated spherical part of the FAST would make the power level near both sides of the main beam rise by at least 20 dB and the efficiency tends to decrease at high frequencies. At a zenith angle of 0°, its efficiencies at 200 MHz, 1.4 GHz, and 3 GHz are 71.72%, 66.94%, and 57.55%, respectively. We conclude that the FAST is an excellent telescope at low frequencies. At high frequencies, the triangular spherical panels and the gaps between panels are important factors that affect the performance of the FAST.