bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Identification of On-Bead Peptides Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Barcoding System for High-Throughput Bioanalysis
Authors: Kang Homan , Jeong Sinyoung , Koh Yul , Geun Cha Myeong , Yang Jin-Kyoung , Kyeong San , Kim Jaehi , Kwak Seon-Yeong , Chang Hye-Jin , Lee Hyunmi , Jeong Cheolhwan , Kim Jong-Ho , Jun Bong-Hyun , Kim Yong-Kweon , Hong Jeong Dae , Lee Yoon-Sik 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecently, preparation and screening of compound libraries remain one of the most challenging tasks in drug discovery, biomarker detection and biomolecular profiling processes. So far, several distinct encoding/decoding methods such as chemical encoding, graphical encoding and optical encoding have been reported to identify those libraries. In this paper, a simple and efficient surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) barcoding method using highly sensitive SERS nanoparticles (SERS ID) is presented. The 44 kinds of SERS IDs were able to generate simple codes and could possibly generate more than one million kinds of codes by incorporating combinations of different SERS IDs. The barcoding method exhibited high stability and reliability under bioassay conditions. The SERS ID encoding based screening platform can identify the peptide ligand on the bead and also quantify its binding affinity for specific protein. We believe that our SERS barcoding technology is a promising method in the screening of one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) libraries for drug discovery.
Fabrication and Cytocompatibility of In Situ Crosslinked Carbon Nanomaterial Films
Authors: Patel Sunny C. , Lalwani Gaurav , Grover Kartikey , Qin Yi-Xian , Sitharaman Balaji 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAssembly of carbon nanomaterials into two-dimensional (2D) coatings and films that harness their unique physiochemical properties may lead to high impact energy capture/storage, sensors and biomedical applications. For potential biomedical applications, the suitability of current techniques such as chemical vapor deposition, spray and dip coating and vacuum filtration, employed to fabricate macroscopic 2D all carbon coatings or films still requires thorough examination. Each of these methods presents challenges with regards to scalability, suitability for a large variety of substrates, mechanical stability of coatings or films, or biocompatibility. Herein we report a coating process that allow for rapid, in situ chemical crosslinking of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into macroscopic all carbon coatings. The resultant coatings were found to be continuous, electrically conductive, significantly more robust and cytocompatible to human adipose derived stem cells. The results lay groundwork for 3D layer-on-layer nanomaterial assemblies (including various forms of graphene) and also opens avenues to further explore the potential of MWCNT films as a novel class of nano-fibrous mats for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Chemoselective reduction and oxidation of ketones in water through control of the electron transfer pathway
Authors: Kim Sun Min , Yoo Ho Sung , Hosono Hideo , Yang Jung Woon , Kim Sung Wng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe selective synthesis of different products from the same starting materials in water, which is the most abundant solvent in nature, is a crucial issue as it maximizes the utilization of materials. Realizing such reactions for ketones is of considerable importance because numerous organic functionalities can be obtained via nucleophilic addition reactions. Herein, we report chemoselective reduction and oxidation reactions of 1,2-diketones in water, which initiates anionic electron transfer from the inorganic electride [Ca24Al28O64]4+·4e−, through controlling the pathway of the electrons to substrates. The generation of different radical species for transient intermediates was the key process required to control the reaction selectivity, which was achieved by reacting the anionic electrons with either diketones or O2, leading to the formation of ketyl dianion and superoxide radicals in the reduction and oxidation reactions, respectively. This methodology that utilizes electrides may provide an alternative to the pulse radiolysis of water in synthetic chemistry.
Real-time selective visual monitoring of Hg2+ detection at ppt level: An approach to lighting electrospun nanofibers using gold nanoclusters
Authors: Senthamizhan Anitha , Celebioglu Asli , Uyar Tamer 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this work, fluorescent gold nanocluster (AuNC) decorated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers (AuNC*PCL-NF) for real time visual monitoring of Hg2+ detection at ppt level in water is demonstrated. The resultant AuNC*PCL-NF exhibiting remarkable stability more than four months at ambient environment and facilitates increased accessibility to active sites resulting in improved sensing performance with rapid response time. The fluorescence changes of AuNC*PCL-NF and their corresponding time dependent spectra, upon introduction of Hg2+, led to the visual identification of the sensor performance. It is observed that the effective removal of excess ligand (bovine serum albumin (BSA) greatly enhances the surface exposure of AuNC and therefore their selective sensing performance is achieved over competent metal ions such as Cu2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ present in the water. An exceptional interaction is observed between AuNC and Hg2+, wherein the absence of excess interrupting ligand makes AuNC more selective towards Hg2+. The underlying mechanism is found to be due to the formation of Au-Hg amalgam, which was further investigated with XPS, TEM and elemental mapping studies. In short, our findings may lead to develop very efficient fluorescent-based nanofibrous mercury sensor, keeping in view of its stability, simplicity, reproducibility and low cost.
Photouncaged Sequence-specific Interstrand DNA Cross-Linking with Photolabile 4-oxo-enal-modified Oligonucleotides
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Tang Xinjing 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDNA cross-linking technology is an attractive tool for the detection, regulation and manipulation of genes. In this study, a series of photolabile 4-oxo-enal-modified oligonucleotides functionalized with photosensitive ο-nitrobenzyl derivatives were rationally designed as a new kind of photocaged cross-linking agents. A comprehensive evaluation of cross-linking reactions for different nucleobases in complementary strands under different conditions suggested that the modified DNA oligonucleotides tended to form interstrand cross-linking to nucleobases with the potential of thymidine > guanosine » cytidine ~ adenosine. Different from previous literature reports that cytidine and adenosine were preferential cross-linked nucleobases with 4-oxo-enal moieties, our study represents the first example of DNA cross-linking for T and G selectivity using 4-oxo-enal moiety. The cross-linked adducts were identified and their cross-linking mechanism was also illustrated. This greatly expands the applications of 4-oxo-enal derivatives in the studies of DNA damage and RNA structure
Highly Conductive Transparent Organic Electrodes with Multilayer Structures for Rigid and Flexible Optoelectronics
Authors: Guo Xiaoyang , Liu Xingyuan , Lin Fengyuan , Li Hailing , Fan Yi , Zhang Nan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTransparent electrodes are essential components for optoelectronic devices, such as touch panels, organic light-emitting diodes and solar cells. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used as transparent electrode in optoelectronic devices. ITO has high transparency and low resistance but contains expensive rare elements and ITO-based devices have poor mechanical flexibility. Therefore, alternative transparent electrodes with excellent opto-electrical performance and mechanical flexibility will be greatly demanded. Here, organics are introduced into dielectric–metal–dielectric structures to construct the transparent electrodes on rigid and flexible substrates. We show that organic-metal-organic (OMO) electrodes have excellent opto-electrical properties (sheet resistance of below 10 Ω sq−1 at 85% transmission), mechanical flexibility, thermal and environmental stabilities. The OMO-based polymer photovoltaic cells show performance comparable to that of devices based on ITO electrodes. This OMO multilayer structure can therefore be used to produce transparent electrodes suitable for use in a wide range of optoelectronic devices.
Cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility gene provides direct evidence for some hybrid rice recently evolving into weedy rice
Authors: Zhang Jingxu , Lu Zuomei , Dai Weimin , Song Xiaoling , Peng Yufa , Valverde Bernal E. , Qiang Sheng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWeedy rice infests paddy fields worldwide at an alarmingly increasing rate. There is substantial evidence indicating that many weedy rice forms originated from or are closely related to cultivated rice. There is suspicion that the outbreak of weedy rice in China may be related to widely grown hybrid rice due to its heterosis and the diversity of its progeny, but this notion remains unsupported by direct evidence. We screened weedy rice accessions by both genetic and molecular marker tests for the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) genes (Wild abortive, WA and Boro type, BT) most widely used in the production of indica and japonica three-line hybrid rice as a diagnostic trait of direct parenthood. Sixteen weedy rice accessions of the 358 tested (4.5%) contained the CMS-WA gene; none contained the CMS-BT gene. These 16 accessions represent weedy rices recently evolved from maternal hybrid rice derivatives, given the primarily maternal inheritance of this trait. Our results provide key direct evidence that hybrid rice can be involved in the evolution of some weedy rice accessions, but is not a primary factor in the recent outbreak of weedy rice in China.
Modelling the local and global cloud formation on HD 189733b
Authors: Lee E. , Helling Ch. , Dobbs-Dixon I. , Juncher D. 
Published: May 2015

Context. Observations suggest that exoplanets such as HD 189733b form clouds in their atmospheres which have a strong feedback onto their thermodynamical and chemical structure, and overall appearance.
Aims. Inspired by mineral cloud modelling efforts for brown dwarf atmospheres, we present the first spatially varying kinetic cloud model structures for HD 189733b.
Methods. We apply a 2-model approach using results from a 3D global radiation-hydrodynamic simulation of the atmosphere as input for a detailed, kinetic cloud formation model. Sampling the 3D global atmosphere structure with 1D trajectories allows us to model the spatially varying cloud structure on HD 189733b. The resulting cloud properties enable the calculation of the scattering and absorption properties of the clouds.
Results. We present local and global cloud structure and property maps for HD 189733b. The calculated cloud properties show variations in composition, size and number density of cloud particles which are strongest between the dayside and nightside. Cloud particles are mainly composed of a mix of materials with silicates being the main component. Cloud properties, and hence the local gas composition, change dramatically where temperature inversions occur locally. The cloud opacity is dominated by absorption in the upper atmosphere and scattering at higher pressures in the model. The calculated 8 μm single scattering albedo of the cloud particles are consistent with Spitzer bright regions. The cloud particles scattering properties suggest that they would sparkle/reflect a midnight blue colour at optical wavelengths.
American lobster nurseries of southern New England receding in the face of climate change
Authors: Wahle Richard A. , Dellinger Lanny , Olszewski Scott , Jekielek Phoebe 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Historically, southern New England has supported one of the most productive American lobster (Homarus americanus) fisheries of the northeast United States. Recently, the region has seen dramatic declines in lobster populations coincident with a trend of increasingly stressful summer warmth and shell disease. We report significant declines in the abundance, distribution, and size composition of juvenile lobsters that have accompanied the warming trend in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, since the first comprehensive survey of lobster nurseries conducted there in 1990. We used diver-based visual surveys and suction sampling in 1990, 2011, and 2012, supplemented by post-larval collectors in 2011 and 2012. In 1990, lobster nurseries extended from the outer coast into the mid-sections of the bay, but by 2011 and 2012 they were largely restricted to the outer coast and deeper water at the mouth of the bay. Among five new study sites selected by the lobster fishing industry for the 2011 and 2012 surveys, the deepest site on the outer coast (15–17 m depth) harboured some of the highest lobster densities in the survey. Separate fixed site hydrographic monitoring at 13 locations in the bay by the Rhode Island Division of Fish and Wildlife recorded an approximately 2.0°C increase in summer surface temperatures over the period, with 2012 being the warmest on record. Additional monitoring of bottom temperatures, dissolved oxygen and pH at our sampling sites in 2011 and 2012 indicated conditions falling below physiological optima for lobsters during summer. The invasion of the Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, since the 1990s may also be contributing to declines of juvenile lobster shallow zones (&lt;5 m) in this region. Because lobster populations appear increasingly restricted to deeper and outer coastal waters of southern New England, further monitoring of settlement and nursery habitat in deep water is warranted.
Complete Spondylectomy Using Orthogonal Spinal Fixation and Combined Anterior and Posterior Approaches for Thoracolumbar Spinal Reconstruction
Authors: Zaidi Hasan A. , Awad Al-Wala , Dickman Curtis A. 
Published: May 2015

Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Objective:To determine the long-term efficacy of 2-stage total en bloc spondylectomy (TES).Summary of Background Data:TES is a well-described technique to achieve tumor-free margins, but it is a highly destabilizing procedure that necessitates spinal reconstruction. A 2-stage anterior/posterior approach for tumor resection and instrumentation has been shown to be biomechanically superior to the single-stage approach in achieving rigid fixation, but few clinical studies with long-term outcomes exist.Methods:A retrospective review was performed on patients undergoing a 2-stage TES for a spinal tumor between 1999 and 2011. Results were compared with those from a literature review of case series, with a minimum of 2-year follow-up, reporting on a single-stage posterior-only approach for TES.Results:Seven patients were identified (average follow-up 52.7 mo). Tumor location ranged from T1 to L3 with the following pathologies: metastasis (n=3), hemangioma (n=1), leiomyosarcoma (n=1), giant cell tumor (n=1), and chordoma (n=1). There were no significant surgical complications. All 7 patients had intact spinal fixation. There were no failures of the orthogonal fixation (pedicle screws or anterior fixation). The average modified Rankin Scale scores improved from 2.7 preoperatively to 0.7 at last follow-up. None of the patients in our series suffered local disease recurrence at last follow-up or suffered neurological deterioration. These results were comparable with those noted in the literature review of posterior-only approach, where 12% of patients experienced instrument failure.Conclusions:TES is a highly destabilizing procedure requiring reconstruction resistant to large multiplanar translational and torsional loads. A 2-stage approach utilizing orthogonal vertebral body screws perpendicular to pedicle screws is a safe and effective surgical treatment strategy. Orthogonal spinal fixation may lower the incidence of instrumentation failure associated with complete spondylectomy and appears to be comparable with a single-stage procedure. However, larger prospective series are necessary to assess the efficacy of this approach versus traditional means.
Bacteremia Due to Clostridium cadaveris
Authors: Shinha Takashi 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Clostridium cadaveris is ubiquitously found in the environment and part of the normal intestinal flora of humans. Although it is generally considered non-toxigenic to humans, it has been reported to cause a wide array of infectious etiologies, including bacteremia. Heightened awareness of C. cadaveris is warranted for clinicians because immunocompromised individuals are particularly at risk for developing significant complications due to Clostridium infections.
Breast‐feeding Duration
Authors: Karall Daniela , Ndayisaba Jean‐Pierre , Heichlinger Angelika , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer Ursula , Stojakovic Sarah , Leitner Hermann , Scholl‐Bürgi Sabine 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Breast‐feeding is the recommended form of nutrition for the first 6 months. This target is unmet, however, in most industrialized regions. We evaluated aspects of breast‐feeding in a cohort of mother–baby dyads.Methods:Breast‐feeding practices in 555 mother–baby dyads were prospectively studied for 24 months (personal interview at birth and 7 structured telephone interviews).Results:Of the babies, 71.3% were fully breast‐fed on discharge from maternity hospitals and 11.9% were partially breast‐feed. Median breast‐feeding duration was 6.93 (interquartile range 2.57–11.00) months; for full (exclusive) breast‐feeding 5.62 (interquartile range 3.12–7.77) months; 61.7% received supplemental feedings during the first days of life. Breast‐feeding duration in babies receiving supplemental feedings was significantly shorter (median 5.06 months versus 8.21 months, P < 0.001). At 6 months, 9.4% of the mothers were exclusively and 39.5% partially breast‐feeding. Risk factors for early weaning were early supplemental feedings (odds ratio [OR] 2.87, 95% CI 1.65–4.98), perceived milk insufficiency (OR 7.35, 95% CI 3.59–15.07), low breast‐feeding self‐efficacy (a mother's self‐confidence in her ability to adequately feed her baby) (OR 3.42, 95% CI 1.48–7.94), lower maternal age (OR 3.89, 95% CI 1.45–10.46), and lower education level of the mother (OR 7.30, 95% CI 2.93–18.20).Conclusions:The recommended full breast‐feeding duration of the first 6 months of life was not reached. Sociodemographic variables and factors directly related to breast‐feeding practices play an important role on breast‐feeding duration/weaning in our region. Understanding risk factors will provide insights to give better support to mothers and prevent short‐ and long‐term morbidity following early weaning.
Detection and interpretation of shared genetic influences on 40 human traits
Authors: Pickrell Joseph K. , Berisa Tomaz , Segurel Laure , Tung Joyce Y. , Hinds David 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe performed a genome-wide scan for genetic variants that influence multiple human phenotypes by comparing large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 40 traits or diseases, including anthropometric traits (e.g. nose size and male pattern baldness), immune traits (e.g. susceptibility to childhood ear infections and Crohn’s disease), metabolic phenotypes (e.g. type 2 diabetes and lipid levels), and psychiatric diseases (e.g. schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease). First, we identified 307 loci (at a false discovery rate of 10%) that influence multiple traits (excluding “trivial” phenotype pairs like type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose). Several loci influence a large number of phenotypes; for example, variants near the blood group gene ABO influence eleven of these traits, including risk of childhood ear infections (rs635634: log-odds ratio = 0.06, P = 1.4×10−8) and allergies (log-odds ratio = 0.05,P= 2.5×10−8), among others. Similarly, a nonsynonymous variant in the zinc transporter SLC39A8 influences seven of these traits, including risk of schizophrenia (rs13107325: log-odds ratio = 0.15,P= 2×10−12) and Parkinson’s disease (log-odds ratio = -0.15,P= 1.6×10−7), among others. Second, we used these loci to identify traits that share multiple genetic causes in common. For example, genetic variants that delay age of menarche in women also, on average, delay age of voice drop in men, decrease body mass index (BMI), increase adult height, and decrease risk of male pattern baldness. Finally, we identified four pairs of traits that show evidence of a causal relationship. For example, we show evidence that increased BMI causally increases triglyceride levels, and that increased liability to hypothyroidism causally decreases adult height.
The effect of business process configurations on user motivation
Authors: Torres Russell , Sidorova Anna 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to understand how business process configurations influence motivation among process participants.Design/methodology/approach– An experiment was conducted in which business process rules complexity, work backlog, and case distribution method were manipulated. Participant motivation and its antecedents were measured using a survey.Findings– The study finds that business process configurations influence the motivation of process participants through their effect on perceived competence. Increasing business process rules complexity reduces competence. The effect of case distribution method on competence depends on backlog. Sequential distribution undermines competence in the presence of backlog, and enhances competence when backlog is absent. However, batch distribution results in higher competence in the presence of backlog than in its absence.Research limitations/implications– The study confirms the applicability of self-determination theory for analyzing the effect of work settings, including business process configurations, on employee motivation. The study further demonstrates the applicability of the task technology fit model in the context of business process automation.Practical implications– The study suggests that reducing process complexity through the use of information technology can benefit process participant motivation. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of case distribution method on performance expectations.Originality/value– While much of the extant research has considered the enhancement of business processes at the organizational level, this study examines how business process design can be used to preserve and potentially enhance the motivation of human process participants.
Strategic planning and organizational flexibility in turbulent environments
Authors: Vecchiato Riccardo 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The main purpose of this paper is to address a key issue in literature on management and foresight: the author explores how firms might cope with the increased turbulence of the business environment.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is based on a multiple case study of major firms of the energy and the mobile communication industries.

Findings
– The focus is on strategic foresight and organizational flexibility: the author introduces the concept of “boundary uncertainty” and investigates its managerial implications.

Originality/value
– The main contribution of this paper is to expand our understanding of environmental uncertainty and to reinvigorate the study of strategic decision making in turbulent industries. The author provides descriptive data on the foresight approaches that some of the world’s largest and most influential companies used throughout the 2000s for remaining aligned with their fast-paced environments, and thus informs the debate between the “planning” and the “learning” schools of strategic management.