bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Otolith radiocarbon signatures provide distinct migration history of walleye pollock around Hokkaido, Japan in the North‐Western Pacific
Authors: Ando Kozue , Yokoyama Yusuke , Miyairi Yosuke , Sakai Osamu , Hamatsu Tomonori , Yamashita Yuuho , Chimura Masayuki , Nagata Toshi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTrace elements and stable isotope ratios in otoliths have been used as proxies for the migration history of teleosts; however, their application in oceanic fishes remains limited. This study reports the first use of radiocarbons in otoliths to evaluate the horizontal migration histories of an oceanic fish species, the walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus. We conducted radiocarbon analyses of three stocks sourced from Hokkaido, Japan. The radiocarbon concentrations from the outermost portion of the otoliths from the Japanese Pacific, Northern Japan Sea (JS), and Southern Okhotsk Sea (OS) stocks were in general agreement with the seawater radiocarbon concentration of the sampling region, suggesting that pollock of all three stocks generally inhabited the within the sea region where each pollocks were sampled throughout their life cycle. However, the radiocarbon signals also provided some indications that some JS and OS stocks may be migrating between different sea regions. The proposed novel approach of reconstructing the individual migration history of marine fish using radiocarbon in otoliths may help examine fish migration with a higher temporal and spatial resolution that could not be achieved by trace elements and stable isotope ratios.
Melanin‐based color variation in response to changing climates in snakes
Authors: Goldenberg J. , Bisschop K. , Bruni G. , Di Nicola M. R. , Banfi F. , Faraone F. P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMelanism, the process of heavier melanin deposition, can interact with climate variation at both micro and macro scales, ultimately influencing color evolution in organisms. While the ecological processes regulating melanin production in relation to climate have been extensively studied, intraspecific variations of melanism are seldom considered. Such scientific gap hampers our understanding of how species adapt to rapidly changing climates. For example, dark coloration may lead to higher heat absorption and be advantageous in cool climates, but also in hot environments as a UV or antimicrobial protection mechanism. To disentangle such opposing predictions, here we examined the effect of climate on shaping melanism variation in 150 barred grass snakes (Natrix helvetica) and 383 green whip snakes (Hierophis viridiflavus) across Italy. By utilizing melanistic morphs (charcoal and picturata in N. helvetica, charcoal and abundistic in H. viridiflavus) and compiling observations from 2002 to 2021, we predicted that charcoal morphs in H. viridiflavus would optimize heat absorption in cold environments, while offering protection from excessive UV radiation in N. helvetica within warm habitats; whereas picturata and abundistic morphs would thrive in humid environments, which naturally have a denser vegetation and wetter substrates producing darker ambient light, thus providing concealment advantages. While picturata and abundistic morphs did not align with our initial humidity expectations, the charcoal morph in N. helvetica is associated with UV environments, suggesting protection mechanisms against damaging solar radiation. H. viridiflavus is associated with high precipitations, which might offer antimicrobial protection. Overall, our results provide insights into the correlations between melanin‐based color morphs and climate variables in snake populations. While suggestive of potential adaptive responses, future research should delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms regulating this relationship.
Successful treatment of fulminant and recurrent lymphocytic myocarditis with calcineurin inhibitors
Authors: Hiruma Takashi , Amiya Eisuke , Ueda Tomomi , Bujo Chie , Isotani Yoshitaka , Tsuji Masaki , Ito Masamichi , Minatsuki Shun , Ishida Junichi , Takeda Norifumi , Hatano Masaru , Abe Hiroyuki , Nakagama Yu , Komuro Issei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLymphocytic myocarditis (LM) is primarily triggered by various factors including viral infections and subsequent immune responses. While rare, some patients with LM experience recurrence with a life‐threatening fulminant form. Although combining steroids and immunosuppressants, such as azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil, has demonstrated favourable outcomes in patients with LM, their efficacy is limited to the chronic phase. Indeed, various immunosuppressants have been used for LM with fulminant manifestation; however, their evidence remains lacking. In our case series, two patients with LM experienced fulminant relapses during steroid tapering, and another presented persistent cardiac enzymes elevation despite steroid therapies. Consequently, we initiated calcineurin inhibitors alongside steroids, resulting in well‐controlled clinical courses without further recurrence of LM and significant adverse effects. Our cases suggest calcineurin inhibitors as therapeutic options for managing steroid‐resistant LM with fulminant relapse.
Corticosteroid burst therapy in patients with acute heart failure: Design of the CORTAHF pilot study
Authors: Cotter Gad , Davison Beth , Freund Yonathan , Mebazaa Alexandre , Voors Adriaan , Edwards Christopher , Novosadova Maria , Takagi Koji , Hayrapetyan Hamlet , Mshetsyan Andranik , Mayranush Drambyan , Cohen‐Solal Alain , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Biegus Jan , Ponikowski Piotr , Filippatos Gerasimos , Chioncel Ovidiu , Pagnesi Matteo , Simon Tabassome , Metra Marco , Mann Douglas L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsInflammation has emerged as a potential key pathophysiological mechanism in heart failure (HF) in general and acute HF (AHF) specifically, with inflammatory biomarkers shown to be highly predictive of adverse outcomes in these patients. The CORTAHF study builds on both these data and the fact that steroid burst therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of respiratory diseases and COVID‐19. Our hypothesis is that in patients with AHF and elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels without symptoms or signs of infection, a 7‐day course of steroid therapy will lead to reduced inflammation and short‐term improvement in quality of life and a reduced risk of worsening HF (WHF) events.Methods and resultsThe study, which is currently ongoing, will include 100 patients with AHF ages 18–85, regardless of ejection fraction, screened within 12 h of presentation. Patients will be included who have NT‐proBNP > 1500 pg/mL and CRP > 20 mg/L at screening. Exclusion criteria include haemodynamic instability and symptoms and signs of infection. After signed consent, eligible patients will be randomized according to a central randomization scheme stratified by centre 1:1 to either treatment once daily for 7 days with 40 mg prednisone orally or to standard care. Patients will be assessed at study day 2, day 4 or at discharge if earlier, and at days 7 and 31 at the hospital; and at day 91 through a telephone follow‐up. The primary endpoint is the change in CRP level from baseline to day 7, estimated from a mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) including all measured timepoints, in patients without a major protocol violation. Secondary endpoints include the time to the first event of WHF adverse event, readmission for HF, or death through day 91; and changes to day 7 in EQ‐5D visual analogue scale score and utility index. Additional clinical and laboratory measures will be assessed.ConclusionsThe results of the study will add to the knowledge of the role of inflammation in AHF and potentially inform the design of larger studies with possibly longer duration of anti‐inflammatory therapies in AHF.
Synthetic Strategies to Prepare Bioactive Lysine and Peptide Conjugates With Triazolium Derivatives
Authors: Ledwoń Patrycja , Jewginski Michał , Bello Claudia , Nuti Francesca , Rovero Paolo , Latajka Rafal , Papini Anna Maria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPeptides conjugated with organic molecules can be useful tools for the development of novel bioactive compounds. The lysine side‐chain is an interesting functional group to act as a linker to connect small molecules in peptide conjugates. Herein we present the design and synthesis of four Safirinium derivatives, their facile conjugation to lysine in solid phase, and incorporation in peptides. The compounds differing in the functionalization of nitrogen N2 of the condensed triazolyl moiety are novel building blocks to design conjugates to perform structure‐activity relationship studies of elastase inhibitors. Consequently, structural investigations of the lysine building blocks and of the corresponding peptide conjugates were performed. We present herein the potential of the Safirinium analogs to act as elastase inhibitors in assays performed on porcine pancreas elastase.
Reduction and Hydrocyanation of Aziridines with C−C Bond Cleavage
Authors: Kawamoto Yuki , Yoshimura Tomoyuki , Matsuo Jun‐ichi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe carbon‐carbon bond in three‐membered ring of 2,3‐diaryl aziridines was reductively cleaved to give the corresponding dibenzylamine derivatives by electrocyclic ring opening of N‐Li or N‐Na aziridines followed by reduction of the 2‐azaallyl anion formed with sodium borohydride in ethanol. Hydrocyanation of the 2‐azaallyl anion with trimethylsilyl cyanide gave a secondary amine bearing a cyano group at the benzylic position. The effects of substituents on the electrocyclic ring opening of N‐Li aziridines were also clarified.
Performance analysis and mechanical determinants of the opening lap of the team sprint in elite‐level track cycling
Authors: Kordi Mehdi , van Rijswijk Isa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe team sprint (TS) is a three‐lap pursuit and the most revered event in track sprint cycling. The opening lap of the TS is an important determinant to the overall performance. But despite it being the most controlled and repeatable task in track sprint cycling, very little data are available to better understand the performance of the opening lap. The aim of this study was split into three‐parts: part one, to better understand the profile and the indices thought to be determinants of the opening lap of the TS in elite sprint track cyclists. Part two of the study examined all available timing splits (15, 65, 125 and 250 m) from 36 standing‐start laps. Part three of the study examined the peak torque outputs and peak power outputs of different various starts performed over a 3‐month period. The results showed time to 125 m exhibited a near perfect relationship with starter lap performance. Very strong relationships were seen with 15 and 65 m split times and final lap performance. Peak torque of the lead starting leg and peak power output were shown to be highly predictive 15 m, 65 and 125 m performance in training. These data suggested the first 15 m is highly important and predicts a disproportionately high level of final opening lap time performance. Therefore, it is likely that peak power output normalised to system mass and peak torque of lead leg is a strong determinant of overall performance in the TS.
Fast Bayesian modal identification with known seismic excitations
Authors: Wang Peixiang , Li Binbin , Zhang Fengliang , Chen Xiaoyu , Ni Yanchun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFast and accurate identification of structural modal parameters after an earthquake is crucial for assessing structural conditions and facilitating repair. With the development of modern earthquake observation techniques, the recorded ground motion can be leveraged as extra input information for modal identification, enabling the experimental modal analysis applicable. This study develops a Bayesian modal identification algorithm that aims at estimating the most probable value (MPV) of modal parameters and their identification uncertainty. Incorporating the recorded seismic input, the algorithm utilizes with the structural equation of motion in the frequency domain to formulate the likelihood function and adopts a constrained Laplace method for Bayesian posterior approximation of modal parameters. With the aid of complex matrix calculus, an iterative scheme is developed, allowing a fast search of the MPV of modal parameters and an analytical evaluation of the posterior covariance matrix. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated by examples with synthetic, laboratory and field data, respectively. In addition, its effectiveness on predicting structural responses under a future earthquake is illustrated, showing its potential for various downstream applications in seismic structural health monitoring.
Swallowing rehabilitation of patients undergoing T‐tube implantation for the treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis
Authors: Wang Lu , Ren Pan , Cui Peng‐Cheng , Liang Le‐Ping , Zhao Qian‐Qian , Zhao Da‐Qing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivePatients with laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) often have dysphagia after laryngotracheal reconstruction with T‐tube insertion, which affects the quality of life. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of swallowing rehabilitation therapy on the improvement of quality of life in patients of otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery with dysphagia undergoing T‐tube implantation treatment through longitudinal study.MethodsThirty‐eight patients with LTS who experienced dysphagia after laryngotracheal reconstruction and T‐tube implantation were recruited. All patients received swallowing rehabilitation therapy. The assessment of swallowing function was performed using the 10‐item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10), the 30 mL water swallow test (WST), and flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallow (FEES).ResultsAfter swallowing rehabilitation therapy, timing of swallowing, grade of dysphagia, performance on FEES and 30 mL WST, and EAT‐10 score all improved. Thirty‐eight patients successfully transitioned to oral feeding and were able to remove their nasogastric tubes without experiencing any complications, including aspiration pneumonia.ConclusionFor patients with LTS who experienced dysphagia after laryngotracheal reconstruction and T‐tube implantation, swallowing rehabilitation therapy could improve swallowing function of the patients, so as to reduce the potential harm caused by the pain and complications of surgery experienced by patients.
Flexible perovskite photodetector with room‐temperature self‐healing capability without external trigger
Authors: Li Guoyi , Li Shenghong , Ahmed Jahangeer , Tian Wei , Li Liang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFlexible perovskite photodetectors (FPDs) are promising for novel wearable devices in bionics, robotics and health care. However, their performance degradation and instability during operations remain a grand challenge. Superior flexibility and spontaneous functional repair of devices without the need for any external drive or intervention are ideal goals for FPDs. Herein, by using phenyl disulfide instead of alkyl disulfide as a crosslinking agent, disulfide bonds with lower bond energy are introduced, thus endowing the polyurethane network (SCPU) with the ability of self‐healing at room temperature. SCPU is filled to the grain boundary of perovskite film, which not only improves the crystal quality of perovskite and mechanical stability of FPD but also enables FPD to self‐heal at room temperature. As a result, the as‐prepared FPD exhibits a superior responsivity of 0.4 A W−1, a high specific detectivity of 2.5 × 1011 Jones and 2 μs fast response time in a self‐powered mode. More importantly, the FPD still retained 91% of the initial photo responsivity after 9000 times of bending upon cyclic healing. This polymer doping strategy provides an effective solution for stable operation and room‐temperature self‐healing for FPDs.image
An analysis of the impact on total cost of care within a pharmacist‐led comprehensive medication management program
Authors: Earby Julie Anne , Jenkins Tiffany Nicole , Johnson Abigail Marie , Marchwinski Victoria Dianne , Schmidt Devin Marie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe rise in health care expenditures continues to pose a significant concern regarding the longevity of the current health care system design. The literature has demonstrated a positive return on investment (ROI) when pharmacists perform medication management services. Building upon positive ROI literature, a clinically integrated network (CIN) in Michigan developed an approach to patient targeting for comprehensive medication management (CMM) services in existing alternative payment model (APM) Medicare Advantage, Medicaid, and Commercial contracts.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to examine the real‐world impact of an advanced ambulatory care pharmacy model, inclusive of embedded clinic‐based ambulatory pharmacists, centralized ambulatory pharmacists, centralized population health pharmacists, and specially trained pharmacy technicians, on the total cost of care (TCOC) within a large integrated health system.MethodsFor CMM dates of service occurring in calendar year 2022, pharmacy and medical claims were evaluated during the 6‐month period prior to and following the initial CMM patient encounter. Upon completion of the study period, data were evaluated to assess TCOC and utilization trends for the study population.ResultsStatistically significant differences in median TCOC ($1427.84, p < 0.001), prescription drug costs ($222.82, p < 0.001), and medical costs ($462.26, p < 0.001) were observed between the pre‐CMM and post‐CMM timeframes for the study population. A 16% reduction in hospital admissions was observed between the pre‐CMM and post‐CMM timeframes.DiscussionThis study further supports that pharmacist intervention as part of a CMM program can favorably affect health care costs. Criteria such as a population's benchmark costs and utilization, insurance product types, and core conditions present can help determine whether expanding or initiating CMM services could be beneficial in improving care and health care costs.
Possible pathogenic mechanisms for doxorubicin‐induced splenic atrophy in a human breast cancer xenograft mouse model
Authors: Xue Jianjie , Ye Bing , Sun Mengqi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDoxorubicin‐based chemotherapy is a widely used first‐line treatment for breast cancer, yet it is associated with various side effects, including splenic atrophy. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying doxorubicin‐induced atrophy of the spleen remain unclear. This study investigates that doxorubicin treatment leads to splenic atrophy through several interconnected pathways involving histological changes, an inflammatory response, and apoptosis. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses revealed reduced size of white and red pulp, decreased cellularity, amyloidosis, and fibrotic remodeling in the spleen following doxorubicin treatment. Additionally, increased secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines was detected using an antibody array and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which triggers inflammation through the regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathways. Further analysis revealed that the loss of regulators and effectors of the oxidative defense system, including sirtuin (Sirt)3, Sirt5, superoxide dismutase (SOD)1, and SOD2, was implicated in the upstream regulation of caspase‐dependent cellular apoptosis. These findings provide insights on the pathogenic mechanisms underlying doxorubicin‐induced splenic atrophy and suggest that further investigation may be warranted to explore strategies for managing potential side effects in breast cancer patients treated with doxorubicin.
Examining missingness at the momentary level in clinical research using ecological momentary assessment: Implications for suicide research
Authors: Jacobucci Ross , Ammerman Brooke A. , McClure Kenneth 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe use of intensive time sampling methods, such as ecological momentary assessment (EMA), has increased in clinical, and specifically suicide, research during the past decade. While EMA can capture dynamic intraindividual processes, repeated assessments increase participant burden, potentially resulting in low compliance. This study aimed to shed light on study‐level and psychological variables, including suicidal ideation (SI), that may predict momentary prompt (i.e., prompt‐to‐prompt) completion. We combined data from three EMA studies examining mental health difficulties (N = 103; 10,656 prompts; 7144 completed), using multilevel models and machine learning to determine how well we can predict prompt‐to‐prompt completion and which variables are most important. The two most important variables in prompt‐to‐prompt completion were hours since the last prompt and time in study. Psychological variables added little predictive validity; similarly, trait‐level SI demonstrated a small effect on prompt‐to‐prompt completion. Our study showed how study‐level characteristics can be used to explain prompt‐to‐prompt compliance rates in EMA research, highlighting the potential for developing adaptive assessment schedules to improve compliance.
Genetic counselors outside of the genetics clinic: Roles, practices, and ethico‐legal implications in light of lagging legal recognition across Canada
Authors: Rojas Samantha K. , Adam Shelin , Elliott Alison M. , Zawati Ma'n H. ,   GenCOUNSEL Study
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdvances in medical genetics have led to a significant increase in demand for genetic services and expertise across almost all medical specialties. Genetic counselors (GCs) in Canada play key roles in genetic services both within and outside of the Genetics Clinic, while not being regulated or legally recognized as healthcare professionals (HCPs) in most provinces. Understanding whether GCs outside of the “traditional” Genetics Clinic influence patient care, their level of professional autonomy and supervisory structure is, therefore, important. In this study, we explore the current landscape of GC practice outside of the Genetics Clinic by describing positions, determining the professional scope of practice, as defined by the Canadian Association of Genetic Counselors (CAGC) and Canadian Board of Genetic Counseling (CBGC) core competencies, and by elucidating associated ethico‐legal implications. An online survey was developed and distributed to GCs working with patient‐related data in Canada in positions outside of the Genetics Clinic through the CAGC ListServ and accessed between March 5 and April 9, 2021. Thirty GCs were included in the study, with 16/30 in public healthcare system positions. Most respondents held roles with direct (11/30) and indirect (14/30) impact on patient care and management, and the majority reported performing their primary roles with minimal supervision (56%) or complete independence (36%). Most roles (22/25) elicited by respondents were considered to be within the GC scope of practice, except for administrative tasks and special projects. GCs were the only genetics‐trained professional(s) in 8/30 of respondents' workplaces. The results of the current study support the value of GCs translatable skillset in positions beyond the Genetics Clinic, and outline ethico‐legal implications for GCs, regulated HCPs, patients, and health institutions in the absence of legal recognition, including medical‐legal liability and title protection. This study provides evidence in support of regulation of GCs as HCPs.