bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effects of Food on the Single‐Dose Pharmacokinetics of Trametinib, a First‐in‐Class MEK Inhibitor, in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Cox Donna S. , Papadopoulos Kyri , Fang Lei , Bauman John , LoRusso Patricia , Tolcher Anthony , Patnaik Amita , Pendry Carolyn , Orford Keith , Ouellet Daniele 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the effect of a high‐fat, high‐calorie meal on the single‐dose pharmacokinetics (PK) of trametinib, a MEK inhibitor. The design of this 2 treatment, 2 period crossover, incomplete wash‐out study was influenced by the subject population, long half‐life and PK variability; 24 subjects were randomized to a single, oral 2 mg trametinib dose administered in a fed/fasted state, followed by 7 days of serial PK sampling. Period 2 PK parameters were adjusted based on residual Period 1 concentrations. Geometric least square mean ratios of fed:fasted were 0.30, 0.76, and 0.90 for corrected maximum concentration (Cmax), area under concentration‐time curve from time 0 to last quantifiable sample (AUC(0–last)) and AUC from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC(0–α)), respectively. Median half‐life was 6.3 and 5.3 days for fed and fasted regimens, respectively. Uncorrected PK parameters were consistent with these results. Food delayed absorption and had a mean difference in time of maximum concentration (tmax) of 3.9 hours. Both oral trametinib doses were well‐tolerated. Single‐dose trametinib administration with food decreased the rate and, to a lesser degree, the extent of absorption, supporting the recommendation to administer trametinib 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal.
Molecular characterization of enteroviruses associated with neurological infections in Spain, 2008
Authors: Cabrerizo M. , Trallero G. , Echevarría J.E. , Moreno‐Docón A. , Pena M.J. , Pérez‐Ruiz M. , Avellón A. , de Ory F. ,   The Meningitis, Encephalitis Spanish Study Group
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn order to investigate the etiology of viral neurological infections in Spain, a national study was performed in 2008. The results obtained have been published. Enteroviruses were the most frequent cause of the aseptic meningitis and infant febrile syndromes. The present report supplements the previous study with the genotyping of the detected enteroviruses. Typing was by amplification of partial VP1 region and sequencing in 70 (53%) of the 132 available cerebrospinal fluid samples positive for enteroviruses. Twelve different genotypes within the B species were identified. Echovirus 4 was predominant (24%), followed by echovirus 30 (19%), echovirus 9 (17%), and echovirus 6 (14%). In summary, a co‐circulation of several enterovirus types associated with meningitis in children under 15 years old was observed. Although infrequently detected, echovirus 4 was the predominant genotype identified due to an aseptic meningitis outbreak which occurred in the Canary Islands in 2008. J Med. Virol. 85:1975–1977, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can the mild clinical course of crimean–congo hemorrhagic fever in children be explained by cytokine responses?
Authors: Ozsurekci Yasemin , Arasli Mehmet , Oncel Eda Karadag , Caglayik Dilek Yagci , Kaya Ali , Icagasioglu Fusun Dilara , Engin Aynur , Korukluoglu Gulay , Elaldi Nazif , Ceyhan Mehmet 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCytokines are possibly one of the factors responsible for death due to Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). This study aimed to determine the differences between the cytokine levels in children and adult patients with CCHF; the influence of cytokines; and the severity of the course of the disease, which seems to be milder in children. Thirty‐four children and 36 adult patients diagnosed with CCHF between 2010 and 2011 were included in this study. Diagnosis was performed by serology or by the polymerase chain reaction for CCHF virus. Levels of IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐9, IL‐10, IL‐12 p70, IL‐13, IL‐17A, and IL‐22 were measured in all serum samples. Although the disease had a fatal course in three adult patients, there were no deaths in children. Statistically significant differences were not observed between the cytokine concentrations in the adults and children. No differences were detected between the serum cytokine levels in the children with moderate and those with a severe clinical course of the disease. In the adult patients with fatal outcome, significantly higher serum levels of IL‐2, IL‐5, IL‐9, IL‐12 p70, and IL‐13 were detected as compared to the cytokine levels in patients who survived the infection. No differences were detected between the serum levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐1β, IL‐17A, IL‐22, IL‐10, IL‐6, IL‐4, and TNF‐α in the patients who died and those who survived. Thus, the milder clinical course in children with CCHF cannot be explained by the cytokine network alone. The incomplete maturation of the immune system and timing and scale of immune responses could change the outcome dramatically. J Med. Virol. 85:1955–1959, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coherent structures contributions in fluxes of momentum and heat at two tropical sites during pre‐monsoon thunderstorm season
Authors: Tyagi Bhishma , Satyanarayana A. N. V. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAn attempt has been made to differentiate percentage contribution of coherent structures (CS) in the turbulent fluxes of heat and momentum during thunderstorm days (TD) and non‐thunderstorm days (NTD) at two tropical sites. Pre‐monsoon months (Marcha to May) fast response data (10 Hz) of wind and temperature at Kharagpur (22°30′N, 87°20′E) for years 2007, 2009, and 2010, and at Ranchi (23°25′N, 85°26′E) for years 2008–2010 have been used. The contributions were calculated after decomposing the time series using wavelet technique by two methods: (1) the method of quadrant analysis for each scale, and (2) the method of zero‐crossing. Contributions of CS in momentum flux are higher in TD than NTD, whereas for heat flux CS contribution is higher for NTD to that of TD at both sites; however, values are different at both sites and by each method as well. Significant percentages of contributions of CS to the total flux are noticed at both the sites.
Molecular biomarkers for future screening of lung cancer
Authors: Hensing Thomas A. , Salgia Ravi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Landmark National Lung Screening Trial established the potential for low dose CT screening (LDCT) to reduce lung cancer‐specific mortality in high‐risk patients as defined by smoking history and age. However, the prevalence of lung cancer in asymptomatic smokers selected based on the NLST criteria is low. Recent advances have facilitated biomarker discovery for early diagnosis of lung cancer through the analysis of surrogate tissues, including airway epithelium, sputum, exhaled breath, and blood. Although a number of candidate diagnostic biomarkers have been described, none have been validated for use in the clinical setting. The NLST ACRIN biomarker repository is a valuable resource of annotated biological specimens that were collected during the NLST trial, which has the potential to facilitate validation of candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis identified in discovery trials. It will be important to perform retrospective and prospective analysis of biomarkers to screen for lung cancer. The review below summarizes some of our understanding of biomarkers in screening. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;108:327–333. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lung cancer screening: State of the art
Authors: Munden Reginald F. , Godoy Myrna C.B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractResults from the National Lung Screening Trial have confirmed that lung cancer mortality is reduced using low‐dose CT screening. Opening a lung cancer screening program requires a multidisciplinary approach. While the fundamental aspects of a screening program are similar, such as scheduling, performing, and managing follow‐up, there are aspects of a lung cancer screening program that are unique. This article will discuss factors important in establishing a state of the art lung cancer screening program. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013; 108:270–274. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytically Active Nanocomposites Based on Palladium and Platinum Nanoparticles in Poly(2‐vinylpyridine) Brushes
Authors: Koenig Meike , Simon Frank , Formanek Petr , Müller Martin , Gupta Smrati , Stamm Manfred , Uhlmann Petra 
Published: July 2013

Novel catalytically active nanocomposite surfaces are fabricated by in situ synthesis of palladium or platinum nanoparticles inside poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (P2VP) brushes, used as a nano‐reactor. Focusing on the revelation of the interaction of the metal species with P2VP, the immobilization is investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform IR (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron micro­scopy (TEM). Homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles is achieved. The mechanism of nanoparticle formation is investigated by study­ing the influence of particular reaction parameters and the catalytic activity of the nanocomposites is confirmed using a model reaction.
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Adaptive high‐order dynamic sliding mode control for a flexible air‐breathing hypersonic vehicle
Authors: Zong Qun , Wang Jie , Tao Yang 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe problem of tracking control for a longitudinal air‐breathing hypersonic vehicle model with flexible effects and intricate couplings between the engine dynamics and flight dynamics is investigated in this paper. In order to overcome the analytical intractability of this model, a simplified model is constructed during the feedback controller design. High‐order dynamic sliding mode control is proposed to force the velocity and altitude of the flexible air‐breathing hypersonic vehicle (FAHV) to the desired reference commands in finite time. In addition, the adaptive control method is employed to identify bounded uncertainties for eliminating the requirement of boundaries needed in the robust controller design and to guarantee the property of finite time stability without information of upper bound of uncertainties. Finally, simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the control strategies.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Further results on delay‐dependent absolute and robust stability for time‐delay Lur'e system
Authors: Li Tao , Qian Wei , Wang Ting , Fei Shumin 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, together with two improved Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, several novel sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee two kinds of time‐delay Lur'e system to be absolutely and robustly stable, in which the linear fractional uncertainties are involved, and both time‐delay and its variation rate can be fully utilized. Through using the combined convex technique, some previously ignored terms can be reconsidered when estimating the triple integral Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional terms’ derivative, and the criteria are presented in terms of LMIs, in which its solvability heavily depends on the information of addressed systems. Finally, the comparing results in the numerical examples demonstrate our idea can reduce the conservatism more efficiently than some present ones. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imaging in gynecological disease (9): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of tubal cancer
Authors: Ludovisi M. , De Blasis I. , Virgilio B. , Fischerova D. , Franchi D. , Pascual M. A. , Savelli L. , Epstein E. , Van Holsbeke C. , Guerriero S. , Czekierdowski A. , Zannoni G. , Scambia G. , Jurkovic D. , Rossi A. , Timmerman D. , Valentin L. , Testa A. C. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe clinical history and ultrasound findings in patients with tubal carcinoma.MethodsPatients with a histological diagnosis of tubal cancer who had undergone preoperative ultrasound examination were identified from the databases of 13 ultrasound centers. The tumors were described by the principal investigator at each contributing center on the basis of ultrasound images, ultrasound reports and research protocols (when applicable) using the terms and definitions of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) group. In addition, three authors reviewed together all available digital ultrasound images and described them using subjective evaluation of gray‐scale and color Doppler ultrasound findings.ResultsWe identified 79 women with a histological diagnosis of primary tubal cancer, 70 of whom (89%) had serous carcinomas and 46 (58%) of whom presented at FIGO stage III. Forty‐nine (62%) women were asymptomatic (incidental finding), whilst the remaining 30 complained of abdominal bloating or pain. Fifty‐three (67%) tumors were described as solid at ultrasound examination, 14 (18%) as multilocular solid, 10 (13%) as unilocular solid and two (3%) as unilocular. No tumor was described as a multilocular mass. Most tumors (70/79, 89%) were moderately or very well vascularized on color or power Doppler ultrasound. Normal ovarian tissue was identified adjacent to the tumor in 51% (39/77) of cases. Three types of ultrasound appearance were identified as being typical of tubal carcinoma using pattern recognition: a sausage‐shaped cystic structure with solid tissue protruding into it like a papillary projection (11/62, 18%); a sausage‐shaped cystic structure with a large solid component filling part of the cyst cavity (13/62, 21%); an ovoid or oblong completely solid mass (36/62, 58%).ConclusionsA well vascularized ovoid or sausage‐shaped structure, either completely solid or with large solid component(s) in the pelvis, should raise the suspicion of tubal cancer, especially if normal ovarian tissue is seen adjacent to it. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Y2O3 nanosheets as slurry abrasives for chemical-mechanical planarization of copper
Authors: He Xingliang , Chen Yunyun , Zhao Huijia , Sun Haoming , Lu Xinchun , Liang Hong 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Continued reduction in feature dimension in integrated circuits demands high degree of flatness after chemical mechanical polishing. Here we report using new yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanosheets as slurry abrasives for chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) of copper. Results showed that the global planarization was improved by 30% using a slurry containing Y2O3 nanosheets in comparison with a standard industrial slurry. During CMP, the two-dimensional square shaped Y2O3 nanosheet is believed to induce the low friction, the better rheological performance, and the laminar flow leading to the decrease in the within-wafer-non-uniformity, surface roughness, as well as dishing. The application of the two-dimensional nanosheets as abrasive in CMP would increase the manufacturing yield of integrated circuits.
Best Evidence: The Role of Information in Domestic Judicial Enforcement of International Human Rights Agreements
Authors: Lupu Yonatan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIndependent domestic courts play important roles in enforcing international human rights agreements, thereby providing a mechanism by which international institutions can affect government policy. Yet this enforcement power is constrained not only by independence but also by the courts' ability to overcome information problems. Domestic courts' enforcement power depends on information in two ways: the costs of producing legally admissible evidence of abuses and the applicable legal standards of proof. When countries ratify international agreements, judicial enforcement can improve government practices when evidence-production costs and standards of proof are low, but not otherwise. With respect to personal integrity rights violations, evidence is especially difficult to obtain, and standards of proof are high, meaning that the courts will not be able to constrain government practices. By contrast, evidence-production costs and standards of proof are lower for other civil rights violations, so courts will be able to prosecute offenders and bring governments into line with their international commitments. Consistent with this theory, I find that commitments to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) have significantly improved governments' respect for the freedoms of speech, association, assembly, and religion. With respect to personal integrity rights, however, I find that commitments to the ICCPR have not improved government practices.
Can International Nongovernmental Organizations Boost Government Services? The Case of Health
Authors: Murdie Amanda , Hicks Alexander 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDo international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) lessen the need for states to provide their own services? In the case of health, many assume that INGOs limit health spending by governments. Against the conventional wisdom, we argue that these organizations create increased demand for governmental health spending through three mechanisms: (1) indirectly affecting the policy-making climate (“climatic conditioning”), (2) aiding domestic NGO and health activists in their efforts, and (3) directly pressuring governments for increased health spending themselves. Given these mechanisms, health INGOs, although typically supplying health services of their own within a country, should augment pressure for public service provision by the state and, it follows, lead to increased state health spending. We test our argument using a new data set on health INGOs, together with a well-established model of health spending, and find ample support for our arguments. Increases in health INGOs' activities do lead to increased governmental health spending, mainly by indirectly affecting the policy-making climate and, most especially, advancing the effective efforts of domestic activists.
Combining Civil and Interstate Wars
Authors: Cunningham David E. , Lemke Douglas 
Published: July 2013

AbstractQuantitative studies of conflict analyze either civil or interstate war. While there may be observable differences between civil and interstate wars, theories of conflict focus on phenomena—such as information asymmetries, commitment problems, and issue divisibility—that should explain both conflicts within and between states. In analyses of conflict onset, duration, and outcome combining civil and interstate wars, we find most variables have similar effects on both “types” of war. We thus question whether there is any justification for separate study of war types.
On projecting grammatical persons into social neurocognition: A view from linguistics
Authors: Evans Nicholas 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThough it draws on the grammatical metaphor of person (first, third, second) in terms of representations, Schilbach et al.'s target article does not consider an orthogonal line of evidence for the centrality of interaction to social cognition: the many grammatical phenomena, some widespread cross-linguistically and some only being discovered, which are geared to supporting real-time interaction. My commentary reviews these, and the contribution linguistic evidence can make to a fuller account of social cognition.
Why not the first-person plural in social cognition?
Authors: Gallotti Mattia 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThrough the mental alignment that sustains social interactions, the minds of individuals are shared. One interpretation of shared intentionality involves the ability of individuals to perceive features of the action scene from the perspective of the group (the “we-mode”). This first-person plural approach in social cognition is distinct from and preferable to the second-person approach proposed in the target article.
Second person neuroscience needs theories as well as methods
Authors: Hamilton Antonia F. de C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAdvancing second-person neuroscience will need strong theories, as well as the new methods detailed by Schilbach et al. I assess computational theories, enactive theories, and cognitive/information processing theories, and argue that information processing approaches have an important role to play in second-person neuroscience. They provide the closest link to brain imaging and can give important insights into social behaviour.
Social perception and “spectator theories” of other minds
Authors: Overgaard Søren , Krueger Joel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe resist Schilbach et al.'s characterization of the “social perception” approach to social cognition as a “spectator theory” of other minds. We show how the social perception view acknowledges the crucial role interaction plays in enabling social understanding. We also highlight a dilemma Schilbach et al. face in attempting to distinguish their second-person approach from the social perception view.
The brain as part of an enactive system
Authors: Gallagher Shaun , Hutto Daniel D. , Slaby Jan , Cole Jonathan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe notion of an enactive system requires thinking about the brain in a way that is different from the standard computational-representational models. In evolutionary terms, the brain does what it does and is the way that it is, across some scale of variations, because it is part of a living body with hands that can reach and grasp in certain limited ways, eyes structured to focus, an autonomic system, an upright posture, etc. coping with specific kinds of environments, and with other people. Changes to any of the bodily, environmental, or intersubjective conditions elicit responses from the system as a whole. On this view, rather than representing or computing information, the brain is better conceived as participating in the action.
The effect of construction frequency and native transfer on second language knowledge of the syntax–discourse interface
Authors: SLABAKOVA ROUMYANA 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis article investigates knowledge of discourse-conditioned left dislocations in the interlanguage competence in Spanish and English second language learners. Although Spanish clitic left dislocation (CLLD) and English topicalization are functionally very similar, they differ in that the former but not the latter requires the dislocated phrase to be clitic doubled. In contrast, the fronted focus (FF) construction is functionally and syntactically similar in the two languages. Two experimental studies investigated knowledge of the syntactic form and discourse appropriateness of CLLD and topicalization, using knowledge of FF as a baseline. English-native learners of Spanish were successful in acquiring CLLD as well as FF. However, Spanish-native learners of English demonstrated no knowledge of English topicalization even at near-native levels of proficiency, whereas they did well on the transferable FF. These results are examined in the light of the interface hypothesis. It is argued that construction frequency in the input and transfer from the native language, but only those two factors together, can explain the experimental results.