bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐Year Clinical Evaluation of a Silorane Composite Resin
Authors: Walter Ricardo , Boushell Lee W. , Heymann Harald O. , Ritter Andre V. , Sturdevant John R. , Wilder Aldridge D. , Chung Yunro , Swift Edward J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractStatement of ProblemComposite resins are still outperformed by amalgams in the clinical practice with secondary caries and fractures being their most common failures. A material that suffers less polymerization shrinkage might improve the clinical performance of composite resins.PurposeTo evaluate the clinical performance of a low‐shrink silorane‐based composite resin (Filtek LS Low Shrink Posterior Restorative, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) in comparison with a methacrylate‐based composite resin (Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein) over time.Materials and MethodsCandidates in need of Class II composite resin restorations participated in this randomized controlled clinical trial. Those were 25 female and six male subjects with average age of 44.3 ± 12.7 years. Participants received 82 restorations, being 54 in premolars and 28 in molars. Procedures, which included the restoration of primary caries lesions or replacement of failing restorations, were done using modified preparations with no bevels or additional retention. Restorations were placed using Filtek LS (and dedicated self‐etch adhesive) or Tetric EvoCeram (with AdheSE, Ivoclar Vivadent), following manufacturers' instructions. Incremental placement technique was applied and the restorations were immediately finished. Follow‐up evaluations occurred at six, 12, 24, and 36 months and were done using the Fédération Dentaire Internationale criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations.ResultsThe recall rate at 36 months was 89%. All interaction terms were not significant.ConclusionsFiltek LS performs as well as Tetric EvoCeram performs in the clinical setting at 36 months.Clinical SignificanceThe silorane‐based composite resin Filtek LS and the conventional methacrylate‐based composite resin Tetric EvoCeram performed similarly well in posterior restorations over at least 36 months of clinical service.
The Effect of Reduced Alcohol on the Sensory Profiles and Consumer Preferences of White Wine
Authors: King Ellena S. , Heymann Hildegarde 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDealcoholization, the removal of alcohol from wine, is a technique used to combat rising alcohol levels in wine. However, little is known about how changes in alcohol levels affect wine sensory composition. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of dealcoholization on wine sensory profiles using trained panelists and consumers. A portion of a Californian Chardonnay was dealcoholized and blended back to the original wine at 0.2%v/v increments up to 2%v/v reduction. From a descriptive sensory analysis, with a minimum alcohol difference of 0.4%v/v, wines differed (P ≤ 0.05) in overall aroma intensity and hot mouthfeel, which were positively correlated with alcohol. Unlike panelists, consumers were unable to detect changes among wines with a 1%v/v difference. These results suggest that a moderate reduction of alcohol in oaked Chardonnay wines has a minimal impact on sensory composition and consumer preferences.Practical ImplicationsThis work suggests that reducing the alcohol levels of oaked white wine using dealcoholization techniques results in minimal perceptible changes to the sensory profile. Alcohol reduction technology is of beneficial use to the wine industry. It would be advantageous for wine producers and consumers to be better informed, regarding the financial, social and health benefits of partially dealcoholized wine, without reduction in wine quality.
Neuroprotective effect of melatonin against ischemia is partially mediated by alpha‐7 nicotinic receptor modulation and HO‐1 overexpression
Authors: Parada Esther , Buendia Izaskun , León Rafael , Negredo Pilar , Romero Alejandro , Cuadrado Antonio , López Manuela G. , Egea Javier 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMelatonin has been widely studied as a protective agent against oxidative stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroprotection in neurodegeneration and ischemic stroke are not yet well understood. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective/antioxidant mechanism of action of melatonin in organotypic hippocampal cultures (OHCs) as well as in photothrombotic stroke model in vivo. Melatonin (0.1, 1, and 10 μm) incubated postoxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) showed a concentration‐dependent protection; maximum protection was achieved at 10 μm (90% protection). Next, OHCs were exposed to 10 μm melatonin at different post‐OGD times; the protective effect of melatonin was maintained at 0, 1, and 2 hr post‐OGD treatment, but it was lost at 6 hr post‐OGD. The protective effect of melatonin and the reduction in OGD‐induced ROS were prevented by luzindole (melatonin antagonist) and α‐bungarotoxin (α‐Bgt, a selective α7 nAChR antagonist). In Nrf2 knockout mice, the protective effect of melatonin was reduced by 40% compared with controls. Melatonin, incubated 0, 1, and 2 hr post‐OGD, increased the expression of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), and this overexpression was prevented by luzindole and α‐bungarotoxin. Finally, administration of 15 mg/kg melatonin following the induction of photothrombotic stroke in vivo, reduced infarct size (50%), and improved motor skills; this effect was partially lost in 0.1 mg/kg methyllycaconitine (MLA, selective α7 nAChR antagonist)‐treated mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that postincubation of melatonin provides a protective effect that, at least in part, depends on nicotinic receptor activation and overexpression of HO‐1.
Melatonin improves neuroplasticity by upregulating the growth‐associated protein‐43 (GAP‐43) andNMDARpostsynaptic density‐95 (PSD‐95) proteins in cultured neurons exposed to glutamate excitotoxicity and in rats subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia even during a long‐term recovery period
Authors: Juan Wei‐Sheng , Huang Sheng‐Yang , Chang Che‐Chao , Hung Yu‐Chang , Lin Yu‐Wen , Chen Tsung‐Ying , Lee Ai‐Hua , Lee Ai‐Chiang , Wu Tian‐Shung , Lee E‐Jian 
Published: December 2013

AbstractRecent evidence shows that theNMDARpostsynaptic density‐95 (PSD‐95), growth‐associated protein‐43 (GAP‐43), and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) protein enhance neuroplasticity at the subacute stage of stroke. Here, we evaluated whether melatonin would modulate thePSD‐95,GAP‐43, andMMP‐9 proteins in cultured neurons exposed to glutamate excitotoxicity and in rats subjected to experimental stroke. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with melatonin (5 mg/kg) or vehicle at reperfusion onset after transient occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (tMCAO) for 90 min. Animals were euthanized for Western immunoblot analyses for thePSD‐95 andGAP‐43 proteins and gelatin zymography for theMMP‐9 activity at 7 days postinsult. Another set of animals was sacrificed for histologic and Golgi–Cox‐impregnated sections at 28 days postinsult. In cultured neurons exposed to glutamate excitotoxicity, melatonin significantly upregulated theGAP‐43 andPSD‐95 expressions and improved dendritic aborizations (P < 0.05, respectively). Relative to controls, melatonin‐treated stroke animals caused a significant improvement inGAP‐43 andPSD‐95 expressions as well as theMMP‐9 activity in the ischemic brain (P < 0.05). Consequently, melatonin also significantly promoted the dendritic spine density and reduced infarction in the ischemic brain, and improved neurobehaviors as well at 28 days postinsult (P < 0.05, respectively). Together, melatonin upregulatesGAP‐43,PSD‐95, andMMP‐9 proteins, which likely accounts for its actions to improve neuroplasticity in cultured neurons exposed to glutamate excitotoxicity and to enhance long‐term neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, and brain remodeling in stroke rats.
A role of microRNA‐370 in hepatic ischaemia‐reperfusion injury by targeting transforming growth factor‐β receptor II
Authors: Li Lan , Li Guogang , Yu Chaohui , Shen Zhe , Xu Chengfu , Feng Zhiying , Zhang Xuequn , Li Youming 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non‐coding RNAs with modulator activity of gene expression. The role of miRNAs in hepatic ischaemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury is currently largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of miR‐370 in hepatic IR injury.MethodsThe expression levels of hepatic miR‐370 in male C57BL/6 mice subjected to hepatic IR injury or ischaemia preconditioning were assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR. The effect of miR‐370 on hepatic IR injury was investigated by serum enzyme analysis and histological examination of liver following treatment of mice with antagomir‐370 or control. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis‐ and proliferation‐related genes were also determined by quantitative real‐time PCR. Furthermore, the potential targets of miR‐370 in this injury were studied by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase assays, quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blot.ResultsThe results showed that miR‐370 expression was significantly upregulated in the mice subjected to hepatic IR injury as compared with the sham‐operated mice. Inhibition of miR‐370 led to the downregulation of serum aminotransferase and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as the improvement of hepatic histological damage. Reporter assays confirmed that miR‐370 directly targeted the 3′ untranslated region of transforming growth factor‐β receptor II (TβRII). Inhibition of miR‐370 was sufficient to reinstate the expression of TβRII and its downstream target phosphorylated Smad3.ConclusionOur data suggest that miR‐370 acting via TβRII might play a potential role in hepatic IR injury, and inhibition of miR‐370 efficiently attenuated the damage to the liver.
Survey on Emerging Research on the Use of Natural Language Processing in Clinical Language Assessment of Children
Authors: Solorio Thamar 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn the last decade, we have seen emerging research exploring the use of natural language processing (NLP) techniques for assisting in the identification of clinical conditions that affect language. One of these clinical conditions is language impairment, a disorder identified by delayed or disordered language patterns in an individual with normal intelligence with no neurological or other physiological conditions. In this article, we present a survey of this emerging line of research, which for the most part has focused on the task of discriminating the clinical from the non‐clinical group by posing the task as an automated classification problem. The focus of this survey is on the types of features recent research has explored. We also discuss the many interesting open questions that this research has yet to explore.
Quantitative trait loci × environment interactions for plant morphology vary over ontogeny inBrassica rapa
Authors: Dechaine Jennifer M. , Brock Marcus T. , Iniguez‐Luy Federico L. , Weinig Cynthia 
Published: December 2013

SummaryGrowth in plants occurs via the addition of repeating modules, suggesting that the genetic architecture of similar subunits may vary between earlier‐ and later‐developing modules. These complex environment × ontogeny interactions are not well elucidated, as studies examining quantitative trait loci (QTLs) expression over ontogeny have not included multiple environments.Here, we characterized the genetic architecture of vegetative traits and onset of reproduction over ontogeny in recombinant inbred lines ofBrassica rapain the field and glasshouse.The magnitude of genetic variation in plasticity of seedling internodes was greater than in those produced later in ontogeny. We correspondingly detected thatQTLsfor seedling internode length were environment‐specific, whereas later in ontogeny the majority ofQTLsaffected internode lengths in all treatments. The relationship between internode traits and onset of reproduction varied with environment and ontogenetic stage. This relationship was observed only in the glasshouse environment and was largely attributable to one environment‐specificQTL.Our results provide the first evidence of aQTL × environment × ontogeny interaction, and provideQTLresolution for differences between early‐ and later‐stage plasticity for stem elongation. These results also suggest potential constraints on morphological evolution in early vs later modules as a result of associations with reproductive timing.
Adaptation of flower and fruit colours to multiple, distinct mutualists
Authors: Renoult Julien P. , Valido Alfredo , Jordano Pedro , Schaefer H. Martin 
Published: December 2013

SummaryCommunication in plant–animal mutualisms frequently involves multiple perceivers. A fundamental uncertainty is whether and how species adapt to communicate with groups of mutualists having distinct sensory abilities.We quantified the colour conspicuousness of flowers and fruits originating from one European and two SouthAmerican plant communities, using visual models of pollinators (bee and fly) and seed dispersers (bird, primate and marten).We show that flowers are more conspicuous than fruits to pollinators, and the reverse to seed dispersers. In addition, flowers are more conspicuous to pollinators than to seed dispersers and the reverse for fruits. Thus, despite marked differences in the visual systems of mutualists, flower and fruit colours have evolved to attract multiple, distinct mutualists but not unintended perceivers. We show that this adaptation is facilitated by a limited correlation between flower and fruit colours, and by the fact that colour signals as coded at the photoreceptor level are more similar within than between functional groups (pollinators and seed dispersers).Overall, these results provide the first quantitative demonstration that flower and fruit colours are adaptations allowing plants to communicate simultaneously with distinct groups of mutualists.
The tillering phenotype of the rice plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) loss‐of‐function mutant is associated with strigolactone deficiency
Authors: Tamiru Muluneh , Abe Akira , Utsushi Hiroe , Yoshida Kakoto , Takagi Hiroki , Fujisaki Koki , Undan Jerwin R. , Rakshit Sujay , Takaichi Shinichi , Jikumaru Yusuke , Yokota Takao , Terry Matthew J. , Terauchi Ryohei 
Published: December 2013

Summary

The significance of plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) in phytoene desaturation and chloroplast function has been demonstrated using PTOX‐deficient mutants, particularly in Arabidopsis. However, studies on its role in monocots are lacking. Here, we report cloning and characterization of the rice (Oryza sativa) PTOX1 gene.

Using Ecotype Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (EcoTILLING) and TILLING as forward genetic tools, we identified the causative mutation of an EMS mutant characterized by excessive tillering, semi‐dwarfism and leaf variegation that corresponded to the PTOX1 gene.

The tillering and semi‐dwarf phenotypes of the ptox1 mutant are similar to phenotypes of known strigolactone (SL)‐related rice mutants, and both phenotypic traits could be rescued by application of the synthetic SL GR24. The ptox1 mutant accumulated phytoene in white leaf sectors with a corresponding deficiency in β‐carotene, consistent with the expected function of PTOX1 in promoting phytoene desaturase activity. There was also no accumulation of the carotenoid‐derived SL ent‐2′‐epi‐5‐deoxystrigol in root exudates. Elevated concentrations of auxin were detected in the mutant, supporting previous observations that SL interaction with auxin is important in shoot branching control.

Our results demonstrate that PTOX1 is required for both carotenoid and SL synthesis resulting in SL‐deficient phenotypes in rice.
The effects of different orthodontic appliances upon microbial communities
Authors: Ireland A. J. , Soro V. , Sprague S. V. , Harradine N. W. T. , Day C. , Al‐Anezi S. , Jenkinson H. F. , Sherriff M. , Dymock D. , Sandy J. R. 
Published: December 2013

Structured AbstractObjectivesOrthodontic appliances can promote accumulation of dental plaque, with associated enamel decalcification or gingival inflammation. The aim of this study was to examine longer‐term microbiological changes during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four orthodontic patients aged 11–14 years undergoing fixed appliance therapy were recruited into the study. Each was randomized for cross‐mouth assignment of molar bands and bonded molar tubes to contralateral quadrants of the mouth. All patients received self‐ligating brackets, but again using randomization, one upper lateral incisor bracket (left or right) also received an elastomeric ligature. Plaque samples from the molars and upper lateral incisors were obtained at intervals during treatment and up to 1 year after appliance removal. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16S rDNA microarray were used to compare plaque microbial fingerprints.ResultsPlaque populations changed within 3 months of commencing treatment at all sites. The greatest differences in plaque composition were seen with self‐ligating brackets with an elastomeric ligature. Post‐treatment plaque associated with both types of molar attachment contained increased levels of periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Eubacterium nodatum, while Campylobacter rectus, Parvimonas micra, and Actinomyces odontolyticus were also elevated with bonds.ConclusionsThe results suggest that orthodontic treatment may cause sustained changes in plaque microbiotas and that molar bond‐associated plaque may have raised disease potential.
An investigation into the validity of self‐reported classification of refractive error
Authors: Breslin Karen M. M. , O'Donoghue Lisa , Saunders Kathryn J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPurposeTo assess the validity of questionnaire use in the self‐identification of refractive status.MethodsTwo hundred and forty adults (21–60 years of age) presenting for a routine eye examination at various optometric practices in Northern Ireland were asked to complete one of two questionnaires. Both questionnaires used identical questions to ascertain age, gender, current spectacle use, age of first spectacle use and level of education. For the identification of refractive status, Questionnaire 1 used layman's terminology whilst Questionnaire 2 combined optometric terminology with descriptive explanations. Current refractive status was identified by the examining optometrist who did not see the completed questionnaire. The spherical equivalent refractive error of the non‐cycloplegic subjective refraction was used to categorise myopia as <0D and hyperopia as ≥+1.00D. Astigmatism was defined according to two different criteria: ≥0.50DC and ≥1.00DC.ResultsQuestionnaire 1 had a sensitivity of 0.63 and a specificity of 0.90 for identifying myopia; a sensitivity of 0.58 and a specificity of 0.71 for identifying hyperopia; a sensitivity of 0.12 and a specificity of 0.98 for identifying astigmatism ≥0.50DC and a sensitivity of 0.19 and a specificity of 0.95 for identifying astigmatism ≥1.00DC. Questionnaire 2 had a sensitivity of 0.83 and a specificity of 0.93 for identifying myopia; a sensitivity of 0.45 and a specificity of 0.86 for identifying hyperopia; a sensitivity of 0.32 and a specificity of 0.88 for identifying astigmatism ≥0.50DC and a sensitivity of 0.50 and a specificity of 0.84 for identifying astigmatism ≥1.00DC. For both questionnaires, altering a positive self‐identification of myopia to include only those who had worn spectacles prior to age 30 reduced the sensitivity and increased the specificity slightly.ConclusionsQuestionnaires are a valid tool in self‐identification of myopic refractive status. However, they are not an effective way of identifying hyperopia and astigmatism and objective or subjective refraction remains the most appropriate method of identifying such individuals.
A new stem nematode associated with peanut pod rot in China: morphological and molecular characterization of Ditylenchus arachis n. sp. (Nematoda: Anguinidae)
Authors: Zhang S. L. , Liu G. K. , Janssen T. , Zhang S. S. , Xiao S. , Li S. T. , Couvreur M. , Bert W. 
Published: December 2013

Surveys conducted in peanut production areas of China revealed peanut pod rot in several fields in Shandong and Hebei Provinces, China. A large quantity of an unknown stem nematode was isolated from the hulls and seeds of peanuts, herein described as Ditylenchus arachis n. sp. The new species is characterized by a combination of the following features: lateral lip sectors distinctly projected, stylet delicate, 8·4–10 μm in length, six lines in the lateral field, tail elongate–conoid, bursa covering about 68–86% of tail length. Pathogenicity tests showed that D. arachis n. sp. could infect peanut (Arachis hypogaea), but not sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) or potato (Solanum tuberosum). Morphologically, D. arachis n. sp. appears closest to D. africanus, D. myceliophagus and D. destructor, but can be differentiated based upon a combination of morphological characteristics, host preference and molecular sequence data. The results of the phylogenetic analysis, based on 18S rDNA, the D2–D3 expansion region of 28S rDNA, and the ITS1–5·8S–ITS2 region, confirmed its status as a new species. A sister relationship with D. destructor was appointed, rather than with its ecologically very similar congener D. africanus.
A 1-Year Follow-Up on Effects of Exercise Programs on Well-Being in Older Adults
Authors: Solberg Paul A. , Halvari Hallgeir , Ommundsen Yngvar , Hopkins Will G. 
Published: December 2013

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of three types of training on well-being and frequency of physical activity and to determine whether preintervention motivation moderates the effects.Methods:Sixty-two older adults (M = 75 years old, SD = 5; 61% women) completed 4-mo programs of endurance, functional or strength training, with reassessment of well-being (life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, vitality) and physical activity 12 mo later.Results:All groups showed small improvements in most measures of well-being at 4 mo. At follow-up, endurance training still had small beneficial effects, while changes with functional and strength training were generally trivial or harmful. Analysis for moderators indicated that autonomously motivated individuals better maintained gains in well-being and had higher frequencies of physical activity at follow-up compared with controlled individuals.Conclusion:Endurance training is recommended for older adults, but the long-term outcomes depend on the individual’s motivational regulation at commencement.