bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimising hydrological conditions to sustain wintering waterbird populations in Poyang Lake National Natural Reserve: implications for dam operations
Authors: Wang Yuyu , Jia Yifei , Guan Lei , Lu Cai , Lei Guangchun , Wen Li , Liu Guanhua 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China and is of global importance for the conservation of migratory waterbirds of the East Asian – Australasian Flyway. Recent dam construction on the Yangtze River and its tributaries for agriculture and hydroelectric power has affected the hydrological regimes in downstream lakes. The Three Gorges Dam changed the hydrological regime of downstream lakes by reducing wet season flooding and expanding water storage in the dry season.

Despite the critical role of Poyang Lake in regional and global biodiversity conservation and the potential adverse ecological impacts of the Three Gorges Dam on downstream lakes, there have been few studies of the hydrological requirements of wintering waterbirds in the middle Yangtze floodplains.

We assembled a predictor matrix including three hydrological variables (annual inflow, maximum water level in high water season or MaxWL and minimum water level in low water season or MinWL) and two climatic variables (annual rainfall and biological cumulative temperature or BioT). Using the predictor matrix and annual waterbird census, we built group‐specific generalised additive models (GAM) to investigate how waterbird population variations were related to climatic and hydrological factors in the Poyang Lake National Natural Reserve. We then used the modelled predictor–response curves to identify the optimal lake water levels for each waterbird group.

The community‐level model selected group and the group‐varying‐coefficient term of BioT, Inflow and MaxWL as explanatory variables. At group level, tuber eaters and sedge foragers responded positively to BioT and MinWL. Seed eaters, invertebrate eaters and fish eaters responded positively to Inflow and negatively to MaxWL and MinWL. Based on the modelled predictor–response curves, we propose the following optimal water level ranges for Poyang Lake wintering waterbird conservation: a) maximum high water season level should be less than 17.4 m; and b) minimum low water level should be between 8.2 m and 8.8 m.
Biochemical properties and antioxidant activity of myofibrillar protein hydrolysates obtained from patin (Pangasius sutchi)
Authors: Najafian Leila , Jafarzade Mahtab , Said Mamot , Babji Abdul S. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryAntioxidant activities of myofibrillar protein hydrolysates (MPH) prepared from patin (Pangasius sutchi) using papain and Alcalase® 2.4 L with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) were investigated. With a DH of 65.83%, the hydrolysate prepared with papain exhibited the maximum of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activity (71.14%) with a reducing power of 0.310. At a concentration of 1 mg mL−1, the papain‐MPH exhibited a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of 70.50 ± 1.22 μmol g−1 protein. With a DH of 83.6%, the Alcalase‐MPH had the highest metal‐chelating activity. Low molecular weight peptides showed higher antioxidant activities than high molecular weight peptides. Both papain‐MPH and Alcalase‐MPH contained high amounts of the essential amino acids (48.71% and 48.10%, respectively) with glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine as the dominant amino acids. These results suggest that the protein hydrolysates derived from patin may be used as an antioxidative ingredient in both functional food and nutraceutical applications.
Bioactive compounds vs. organoleptic assessment of ‘smoothies’‐type products prepared from selected fruit species
Authors: Teleszko Mirosława , Wojdyło Aneta 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the usability of fruits of selected species growing in Europe for the smoothies production. The organoleptic assessment, analysis of polyphenols and vitamin C content and antioxidant activity of products were determined. The panellists were most in favour of the smoothies containing cranberry, black currant and bilberry purees as well as juice from dog rose. Polymerised proanthocyanidins were found to predominate in most of the products, except for the black currant smoothies (B3) where the main group of polyphenols were anthocyanins. The content of proanthocyanidins was higher in the smoothies containing dog rose juice. The analysed products differed significantly in the content of vitamin C, as the highest content of ascorbic acid was determined in black currant smoothies with dog rose juice and bilberry puree (168.98 mg/100 g).
The evaluation of patient self-completion concordance forms used in community pharmacy: a comparison of two European countries
Authors: Geurts Marlies M E , Zuydgeest Iris A , Walser Sabine , Kijlstra Nico B , Petkova Valentina , de Gier Johan J 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the use of patient self-completion concordance forms in Dutch and Bulgarian pharmacies. Second, to show any differences in pharmacy practice and patient behaviour in two European countries: the Netherlands and Bulgaria.

Methods
A random sample of 500 pharmacies were approached per country. Patients at the start of a chronic treatment were invited to participate. At the first dispensing patients received a self-completion concordance form (SCCF). Patients were asked to fill in the SCCF at home and bring it to the appointment for their consultation at the second dispensing. After the consultations patients and pharmacists were asked to fill in a questionnaire.

Key findings
Twenty-four Dutch pharmacies (99 patients) and 41 Bulgarian pharmacies (241 patients) sent back study results. A higher proportion of Bulgarian patients answered questions on the SCCF compared to Dutch patients. Patients from both countries are satisfied with the SCCF, consultation and newly started medicine.

Conclusions
Although differences between pharmacies from the Netherlands and Bulgaria exist, the SCCF can be used at the start of chronic treatment. More research in other European countries will be necessary to further develop the use of the SCCF in community pharmacies. Eventually this could be used to develop indicators to measure patient involvement in pharmaceutical care.
Important information regarding reporting of adverse drug reactions: a qualitative study
Authors: Rolfes Leàn , Wilkes Sarah , van Hunsel Florence , van Puijenbroek Eugène , van Grootheest Kees 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Objective
To give an overview of the views of different types of reporters (patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs)) and assessors of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) on what they consider important information regarding an ADR report.

Methods
A semi-structured interview was conducted among reporters and assessors of ADRs in the Netherlands. All interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was used on the data. All transcripts were coded individually by two researchers. A list was drafted of all elements of information mentioned during the interviews.

Key findings
In total 16 interviews were conducted. Elements of information that were explicitly brought up during the interviews were the impact of the ADR on the patient's daily life and information regarding causality. Furthermore, the correctness of reported information was found important by assessors of ADRs. Generally, patient reporting was seen as a very positive development for pharmacovigilance.

Conclusion
Patients reported that the severity of ADRs and their impact on daily life were important subjects. In the interviews with HCPs, either reporters or assessors, the focus was mainly on causality. The correctness of the given information is considered by ADR assessors to be very important. Regarding patient reporting the overall view was positive. Because HCPs and patients have different views regarding ADR reporting, in daily practice it is important to receive reports from both groups to assess the true nature of the ADR.
Information needs of people with asthma
Authors: Kong Ming Ley , Armour Carol , LeMay Kate , Smith Lorraine 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the information needs of a group of Australians with asthma and the extent to which their needs had been met.

Methods
A self-administered survey was completed by people with asthma either presenting at community pharmacies or registered with a medical research institute database. The survey questions were developed based on a review of the literature, and included questions regarding participants’ information needs about their asthma, their sources of asthma information and the extent to which these information needs had been met. The responses concerning information needs were analysed thematically. Responses concerning sources of asthma information and the extent to which needs were met were analysed using descriptive and correlational statistics.

Key findings
Seventy-one people completed the survey. Key information needs that were identified included medications, management of asthma, asthma triggers, cure, aetiology of asthma and latest research. A third of participants reported having only ‘very little’, ‘a little’ or ‘some’ of their information needs met. The most common source of information was from a doctor (94% respondents), followed by a pharmacist or pharmacy assistant (56%).

Conclusion
Insights into the information needs of people with asthma have been provided. In light of the level of unmet information needs of people with asthma, and the types of information sought, pharmacists are in an ideal position to close the information gap and promote optimal asthma self-management practices.
Infant dental enucleation in an East African population in Sweden: a cross‐sectional study on dental records
Authors: Barzangi Jir , Unell Lennart , Söderfeldt Björn , Bond Jasmin , Ahmed Musse Ifrah , Arnrup Kristina 
Published: August 2013

AimTo examine the prevalence of infant dental enucleation (IDE) of primary canines, an East African traditional remedial procedure, in a multiethnic population of children in Sweden.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted of dental records of 1133 patients (mean age 4.6 years, SD ± 1.4) attending one public dental service clinic in Sweden. The clinic was located in an area with a large multiethnic community. All were born within the years 2002–2006 and had received a check‐up in one of the years 2007–2009. A registry was made of missing primary canines where no reason could be found. In documented cases, information about ethnic origin was extracted. Statistical grouping was made according to known East African ethnicities.ResultsAt least 36 ethnicities were recorded. Twenty‐four (2.1%) patients were missing one or more canines according to the criteria for IDE. Significant difference was seen when comparison was made between patients of known East African ethnicities, of whom 20.8% (21/101) manifested findings consistent with the criteria, and the rest of the population (3/1032; P < 0.001).ConclusionsPrevalence of cases suggestive of IDE among patients of East African origin points to a need for increased awareness within dental and healthcare communities.
Free riders: the rise of alternative unionism inDenmark
Authors: Ibsen Flemming , Høgedahl Laust , Scheuer Steen 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this article we analyse some disturbing trends in theDanish labour market: while collective bargaining coverage is still relatively high, union density has been declining and—worse than that—there has been a substantial shift away from recognised and in favour of alternative unionism. The alternative unions are not parties to collective agreements, and they offer membership much cheaper than the recognised unions, in effect taking a free ride on the institutional supports that used to be effective only for the recognised unions. The article explains this conundrum by pointing to the political and institutional backgrounds to this development, which threatens to erode the very basis for theDanish collective bargaining system. On the background of general statistics and of a general employee survey, we point out the reasons behind the challenges confronting the recognised unions, pointing out that the recognised unions must become both more efficient in the member services and more cost efficient, if they wish to halt the present downhill trend.
Bacterial motility confers fitness advantage in the presence of phages
Authors: Taylor T. B. , Buckling A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDispersal provides the opportunity to escape harm and colonize new patches, enabling populations to expand and persist. However, the benefits of dispersal associated with escaping harm will be dependent on the structure of the environment and the likelihood of escape. Here, we empirically investigate how the spatial distribution of a parasite influences the evolution of host dispersal. Bacteriophages are a strong and common threat for bacteria in natural environments and offer a good system with which to explore parasite‐mediated selection on host dispersal. We used two transposon mutants of the opportunistic bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which varied in their motility (a disperser and a nondisperser), and the lytic bacteriophage ФKZ. The phage was distributed either in the central point of colony inoculation only, thus offering an escape route for the dispersing bacteria; or, present throughout the agar, where benefits of dispersal might be lost. Surprisingly, we found dispersal to be equally advantageous under both phage conditions relative to when phages were absent. A general explanation is that dispersal decreased the spatial structuring of host population, reducing opportunities for parasite transmission, but other more idiosyncratic mechanisms may also have contributed. This study highlights the crucial role the parasites can play on the evolution of dispersal and, more specifically, that bacteriophages, which are ubiquitous, are likely to select for bacterial motility.
Uninvited Guests at the Table – A Consumer Intervention for Safe Poultry Preparation
Authors: Bearth Angela , Cousin Marie‐Eve , Siegrist Michael 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe goal of this longitudinal study was to investigate the efficacy of an intervention to increase awareness of food safety during the preparation of raw poultry in a sample of first year college students. At the first measurement point, baseline variables were assessed, and participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: two experimental groups and a control group. At the second measurement point, the two experimental groups received the intervention. At the final measurement point, a month after the intervention, follow‐up variables were assessed. The major outcome variables investigated were knowledge and self‐reported safe poultry preparation behavior. Despite the high overall knowledge at the first measurement point, the participants exhibited numerous knowledge gaps, which were successfully overcome by the intervention. Providing knowledge was essential in motivating participants to pay more attention to certain actions related to safely preparing poultry, while the cues played only a minor role in changing participants' behaviors.Practical ApplicationsHome‐cooked poultry is believed to be the most common transmission route of the bacteria Campylobacter to humans. Despite efforts to reduce the contamination rate at the poultry production stage, contamination rates remain high, and hence endanger the consumer. Evidently, consumers are unaware of and do not practice basic precautions when preparing dishes with raw poultry. In the present research, the consumer perspective was investigated. It is necessary to communicate the risks of unsafe poultry preparation to the consumer in order to facilitate informed decisions and behavior, and reduce incidence rates of foodborne illnesses. The results offer support for the efficacy of providing knowledge to correct people's misconceptions and increase their awareness of food safety issues. Moreover, it provides pointers for future risk communication related to the topic of safe domestic food handling.
Treatment decision‐making for post‐partum hemorrhage using dynamic contrast‐enhanced computed tomography
Authors: Kawamura Yosuke , Kondoh Eiji , Hamanishi Junzo , Kawasaki Kaoru , Fujita Kohei , Ueda Akihiko , Kawamura Akeo , Mogami Haruta , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimPost‐partum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality. Identification of the precise bleeding site is generally important to control hemorrhage, but such an approach has not been fully established in the context of PPH. We postulated that visualization of bleeding sites could aid treatment decisions in the management of PPH.MethodsWe conducted a prospective review of 26 patients who underwent dynamic computed tomography (CT) for PPH.ResultsA total of 17 cases presented with uterine bleeding, eight with vaginal hematomas, and one with hemoperitoneum. Overall, dynamic CT identified contrast media extravasation in the arterial phase in 12 of 26 (46.2%) cases: the upper (n = 4) and the lower uterine segment including the cervix (n = 2), subfascial space (n = 1) and vagina (n = 5). Identification of precise arterial bleeding sites using CT provided informative guidance about where to place balloons for intractable uterine bleeding, and how to manage hemoperitoneum and vaginal hematomas. In addition, dynamic CT revealed the existence of a subtype of uterine atony, which is characterized by focal active arterial bleeding in the upper uterine segment. Furthermore, negative contrast extravasation extracted cases of PPH that were well controlled without the need for surgical or radiological intervention. No patient required emergency hysterectomy to control PPH.ConclusionDynamic CT has potential clinical utility in treatment decision‐making for PPH.
Case of maternal and fetal deaths due to severe congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (Upshaw–Schulman syndrome) during pregnancy
Authors: Tanaka Hirokazu , Tenkumo Chiaki , Mori Nobuhiro , Kokame Koichi , Fujimura Yoshihiro , Hata Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUpshaw–Schulman syndrome (USS) involves a congenital deficiency of von Willebrand factor‐cleaving metalloprotease (ADAMTS13) activity due to gene mutations. Female patients develop overt thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) caused by a decline of ADAMTS13 activity in pregnancy. A 23‐year‐old nulliparous Japanese woman died due to severe, rapid progression of TTP with intrauterine fetal death at 20 weeks of gestation after its onset, even though she underwent intensive treatment which included plasma exchange. She had a history of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura at the age of 3 years. The patient's ADAMTS13 activity was of very low level. It should be borne in mind that there is the possibility of rapidly progressive fulminant USS during pregnancy.
Differences in collagen ultrastructure of human first trimester decidua basalis and parietalis: Implications for trophoblastic invasion of the placental bed
Authors: Sinai Talaulikar Vikram , Kronenberger Katrin , Bax Bridget E. , Moss Raymond , Manyonda Isaac 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimThe human embryo–maternal interface in the first trimester of pregnancy is an area of extensive tissue remodeling. Because collagen is the most abundant constituent of the extracellular matrix of the placental bed, successful invasion must involve its rapid turnover. We compared the nature and distribution of collagen fibrils in decidua basalis and parietalis.MethodsWe used a direct‐vision hysteroscopic technique to obtain biopsies of the decidua basalis and parietalis from 11 women undergoing pregnancy termination in the first trimester. The biopsies were subjected to light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical studies using mouse monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratin 7 and collagen types I, III and V.ResultsCollagen fibrils in the stroma of decidua basalis were significantly thicker when compared to those in decidua parietalis (56.48 ± 1.37 nm vs 45.64 ± 0.85 nm; P < 0.0001 [mean ± standard error]) between 9 and 12 weeks gestation, but this difference in thickness was not observed at gestations below 9 weeks. In basalis, the fibrils appeared disrupted at most places surrounding the decidual/trophoblast cells while a uniform regular arrangement was preserved throughout most of parietalis.ConclusionThere are differences in the ultrastructure of collagen fibrils between basalis and parietalis, with thicker and disrupted fibrils within abundant amorphous tissue in basalis, and thinner uniform fibrils in parietalis. These differences may reflect an adaptive response by decidua or a direct consequence of the invading trophoblast cells.
Universal Suffrage as Counter‐Revolution? Electoral Mobilisation under the Second Republic in France, 1848–1851
Authors: Crook Malcolm 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe advent of mass, male suffrage in France in 1848 is usually regarded as a great success. There was a huge turnout in elections for a Constituent Assembly, but the outcome disappointed republicans, who failed to win a majority and blamed a backward peasantry. This paper suggests that the electoral system was at fault rather than the electorate. A hastily devised procedure, based on collective voting and the absence of declared candidatures, enabled notables to dominate the new regime. Radicals revised their tactics with some success in 1849, but soon succumbed to the plebiscitary democracy of Louis‐Napoleon. Universal suffrage might well mean counter‐revolution.
Trust in Physicians Among Rural Medicaid‐Enrolled Smokers
Authors: Nelms Emory , Wang Ling , Pennell Michael , Wewers Mary Ellen , Seiber Eric , Adolph Michael D. , Paskett Electra D. , Ferketich Amy K. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPurposeAssociations have been found between trusting patient‐physician relationships and use of preventive care and a greater adherence to prescribed care. The objectives of this study were to assess the level of trust rural Medicaid smokers have in their physicians and whether trust was related to patient characteristics or physician behavior.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of smokers who were enrolled in a tobacco‐dependence treatment program. Participants were rural Medicaid‐enrolled adults, age 18 and older, who were current smokers. Participants were enrolled from 8 primary care clinics as they came in for an appointment with their physician. The Trust in Physician Scale was completed at the baseline visit. One week later, an interview was conducted with the smoker to determine whether the physician provided tobacco‐dependence treatment counseling at the visit. Mixed models were used to model the relationship between trust and participant characteristics and physician behaviors.FindingsMedicaid smokers in this study exhibited a high level of trust in their health care provider, as levels were similar to those reported in the general population of patients. Trust was significantly higher among individuals with better self‐reported health.ConclusionsRural Medicaid smokers appeared to have similar levels of trust in their physician as other patients. Future research should explore the role trust plays in shaping interactions between underserved populations and physicians within the context of smoking cessation counseling.