bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
McSweeney’s and the act of framing: The digital excerpt between work and marketing
Authors: Mygind Sarah 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The rise of digital media and technology has game-changing effects on literature and publishing. Among other things, our contemporary period is seeing a remarkable increase in the marketing activities surrounding literature, authors and publishers in which digital media platforms play a significant role. As a result we have witnessed a proliferation of digital as well as print texts in general – and of new digital text formats and labels in particular. A distinct aspect of the new digital formats is that the texts are often ascribed to other texts while at the same time being presented to the world as separate entities. But what status should we assign to these texts that are at the same time detached from and attached to other texts? Should they be regarded as texts in their own right, as paratext or merely as products of marketing? Based on an analysis of the McSweeney’s iOS app, this article will suggest that Jacques Derrida’s idea of the frame (e.g. the frame of a painting) as a parergon can be applied to the digital excerpt of a novel and other varieties of so-called ‘extra material’ in order to identify the function of these particular proliferating texts as something in between artworks in their own right and products of marketing.
The multiplicity of the digital textbook as design object
Authors: Ebbesen Toke Riis 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Building on a preliminary case study of the Danish educational publisher Systime A/S and its flagship product, the web-based ‘iBog’/‘iBook’, this article explores how digital textbooks can be understood as design. The shaping of digital books is seen as being intertwined in a wider circuit of design culture, constituted by changes in designer roles, consumption and mediation practices and restructuring of book production. Following this perspective entails an investigation not only into the shaping of the book as an isolated artefact or product but also into how business models, internal reorganization of the publishing company, web-based user interfaces, and ultimately the branding, which market these new digital objects, are building powerful discourses around the product. Thus it is suggested that the design process of the iBog case can be understood in a model of database-based publishing with multiple levels. In the final analysis, the iBog is much more than a product and a technology. It is a brand that goes beyond what can be studied by looking at the digital textbook as a singular artefact.
Publishing between profit and public value: Academic books and open access policies in the United Kingdom
Authors: Brienza Casey 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Since Cambridge University mathematician Timothy Gower’s public boycott of Elsevier kicked off the so-called ‘academic spring’ in 2012, activist calls for open access academic publishing and the expansion of the scholarly knowledge commons through new digital technologies have only intensified. These have had direct, dramatic and fast-evolving impacts upon governmental policy, as well as debates about the public value of research, in the United Kingdom. However, the bulk of the attention in this context thus far has been given to journal articles and academic publishing companies like Elsevier that specialize in periodicals. Comparatively little attention has been given to the effects of these open access policies and discourses upon academic books and their publishers, even though the largest university press in the world, Oxford University Press, and the largest higher education textbook publisher, Pearson, are both UK based. This article, therefore, will explore how, precisely, the open access movement in the United Kingdom is affecting academic book publishing, with potentially global consequences. I begin by tracing the contemporary origins of open access back to open source software initiatives and exploring their recent impact upon Research Councils UK (RCUK) and Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) policies. Then, I look at open access initiatives and other strategies in response to shifts in policy and public discourse within the two overlapping yet distinct fields of academic book publishing, (1) scholarly book publishing and (2) higher education textbook publishing, and find unintended consequences potentially resulting in less openness and equitable access to knowledge production and consumption. Ultimately, I will contend, the open access movement in the United Kingdom risks further concentrating control of academic book publishing within a few powerful institutions, such as well-endowed elite universities and those businesses whose profits rely upon managing, manipulating and repackaging the information freely available in the digital age.
The accidental avant-garde: Audiobook technologies and publishing strategies from cassette tapes to online streaming services
Authors: Colbjørnsen Terje 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
While the transformation of the traditionally print-based book industries to digital and multi-format publishing industries is the subject of much debate, the audiobook industry has largely escaped attention. In a sense, this is curious, given the fact that audiobook publishers have been at the forefront of the technological transformation of the book industry from reel-to-reel tapes and long-playing records all the way into the digital era. All the while, audiobook publishing has never been entirely integrated into the publishing world at large and has somewhat remained an outsider industry, often seen to cater for niche markets. In this article I argue that traditional book publishers venturing into digital publishing can learn from successes and failures in the history of audiobook innovations. Basing the discussion in theories of cultural production and innovation, the article explores the interplay between technology and publishing strategy by way of analysing audiobook technologies from 1980 to 2012 in light of industry and technology developments in the book industry in general, with specific attention to the Norwegian audiobook market, where four case studies of publishers and service providers are analysed. The central issue in the article is how and to what extent the development of audiobook publishing technologies is indicative of technology development in the book industries in general.
Post-formalist explanation of academic achievement: Exploring the contribution of John Ogbu and Joe Kincheloe
Authors: Sinha Chetan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe present paper attempts to interrogate the existing approach to understand academic achievement in the mainstream educational psychology. The paper explores the persistent question of “why academic achievement gap” in the modern society from the cultural ecological and postformalist framework of John Ogbu and Joe Kincheloe respectively. As mainstream educational psychology limits its scope in the narrowed individualistic lens, paper suggests that dominant identity based curriculum, pedagogy and knowledge may concretize the psychological categories unless revolutionary efforts are made to transcend the boundaries. Thus, paper adopts critical interdisciplinary framework, rejecting positivistic metatheory as an only relevant approach in educational psychology.
Interaction between larval α-amylase of the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and proteinaceous extracts from plant seeds
Authors: Esmaeily Mojtaba , Bandani Ali Reza 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is one of the most destructive pest of solanaceae and it prefers tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of a wide range of seed proteinaceous extracts from different plant families against T. absoluta α-amylase activity. The effect of pH on the inhibitory activity of seed extracts showed that seed extracts of amaranth along with a wheat cultivar (Alvand, Aflak, Sarvdasht, Alborz, and Kavir) produced more than a 50% inhibition of the insect amylase. Aflak wheat seed extract at 10 μg, inhibited 81% of the insect amylase. This percent was the highest inhibition achieved. The other proteinaceous seed extracts had a lower effect on the enzymatic activity. Probit analysis showed that Aflak, Kavir, Alborz, Alvand, Sarvdasht, and amaranth inhibited the amylase activity with an I50 of 1.94, 3.24, 3.46, 3.31, 4.97, and 15.39 μg, respectively. The effect of pH on the inhibition of the α-amylase showed the highest inhibition of Amaranth and wheat, at a pH value of 8.0, which corresponds to the pH of the insect’s gut. Gel electrophoresis assays confirmed the spectrophotometric assays showing that the α-amylase of the insect gut was affected by the presence of the seed extracts. In the gel assay, a high concentration (14 μg protein) of amaranth proteinaceous seed extract greatly decreased the intensity of the α-amylase band. A high concentration of the Aflak wheat cultivar (10 μg protein) caused the disappearance of the amylase band in the gel. Thus, it is concluded that the physiochemical environment of the insect gut affects the interaction between digestive α-amylase and the metabolites. The experiments showed that seed proteinaceous extracts from non-host plant species, produced more inhibition of the insect amylase when compared to the host plant species. It appears that with evolution, adaptation took place so that insect/s could overcome the plant metabolites.
Fungal communities in barren forest soil after amendment with different wood substrates and their possible effects on trees’, pathogens, insects and nematodes
Authors: Małecka Monika , Kwaśna Hanna , Szewczyk Wojciech 
Published: September 2015

AbstractScots pine sawdust, composted bark or coarse, post-harvest woody debris from conifers had been spread over the surface of barren forest soil before planting with Scots pine. The effects of the Scots pine sawdust, composted bark or coarse, post-harvest woody debris from conifers on the abundance and diversity of culturable fungi were investigated. The amendments were aimed at increasing the soil suppressiveness toArmillariaandHeterobasidion.The classical soil-dilution method was chosen for qualitative and quantitative analyses of fungal communities in soils because of its proven reliability and consistency. The soil was inhabited by saprotrophic fungi from Ascomycota and Zygomycota, including species known to be potential antagonists ofArmillariaorH. annosum(i.e.Clonostachys + Trichodermaspp.,Penicillium commune, P. daleae,P. janczewskii) or stimulants ofArmillaria(i.e.Pseudogymnoascus roseus,Trichocladium opacum). Eleven years after treatment, the abundance and diversity of fungi, the abundance ofP. commune, and locally the abundance ofP. janczewskiiincreased, whileClonostachys + Trichodermaspp., and locally,P. daleaeandT. opacumdecreased. Amending the barren soil with organic matter does not guarantee effective, long-term suppressiveness of the sandy loam soil toArmillariaandHeterobasidion.Increased abundance of entomopathogenic and nematophagous species, 11 years after treatment, does suggest the long-term possibility of insect or nematode control in soil.
Comparative study to determine food consumption of cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis, on some cotton genotypes
Authors: Khedr Mohamad Ahmad , AL-Shannaf Hatem Mohamed , Mead Hala Mohamed , Shaker Shaker Abd El-Aziz 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA study was done on the feeding behaviour, development indices, and biochemical response of 4th instar larvae ofSpodoptera littoralisin which seven cotton genotypes were used: Giza86, Giza88, Giza92, 10229 × Giza 86, H10, Suvin, and Karshenseki. Castor bean leaves were used as the control. All the tested cotton genotypes decreased the feeding behavior ofS. littoralislarvae in terms of consumption percentages, consumption rate (CR), growth rates (GR), efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food (ECI and ECD), approximate digestibility (AD), and feeding deterrence (FDI) compared to the control. Additionally, all the tested cotton varieties prolonged the time taken for larval and pupal duration and reduced both the pupation percentages and the weight of the resulting pupae, as compared to the control. Giza86 recorded the lowest values of both larval growth index and fitness (7.31 and 1.05, respectively) while the genotype Suvin recorded the lowest standardised growth index (0.020) more than other genotypes and the control that gave 10.16, 1.53, and 0.032, respectively. There was a significant inhibition in the level of both total soluble protein and total lipids, and activities of amylase and the trehalase enzymes in all the tested varieties, compared to that found in the control.
The Technological Evaluation of Sourdoughs Prepared in Different Conditions
Authors: Ognean Claudia Felicia 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The use of sourdough in bread production lead to development of safe, healthy and more palatable product and also contribute to the sustainability of breadmaking through low demands for additives and preservatives. Sourdoughs type I were obtained with different flour: water ratio: 1:0.6; 1:1; 1:2 and 1:3 and different refreshment ratio 1:3 and 1:4. The sourdough were evaluated for theirs pH, Total Titratable Acidity (TTA), lactic and acetic contents, gas production power. The use of low water level induce a higher TTA and pH but the yield of acid production was more favourable for the sourdough with higher water content. The higher water content was favourable to formation of lactic acid and induced a better lactic: acetic acid ratio, 15.5 which was by far superior to the 6.5 ratio obtained in the driest dough. The more liquid sourdough had a better ability to produce gases. Flour : water ratio 1:2 are recommended to obtain high quality sourdough, with a better smell and taste, with a high yield, easy to handle and using relative low spaces. Refreshment ratio 1:4 delivery comparable results with 1:3 refreshment ratio and implies lower volumes for fermentations.
Effect of substrate temperature on structural and optical properties of spray deposited ZnO thin films
Authors: Larbah Y. , Adnane M. , Sahraoui T. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Undoped ZnO thin films have been prepared on glass substrates at different substrate temperatures by spray pyrolysis method. The effect of temperature on the structural, morphological and optical properties of n-type ZnO films was studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that the ZnO thin films were polycrystalline with wurtzite structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements showed that the surface morphology of the films changed with temperature. The studies demonstrated that the ZnO film had a transmission of about 85 % and energy gap of 3.28 eV at 450 °C. The RBS measurements revealed that ZnO layers with a thickness up to 200 nm had a good stoichiometry.
Growth and characterization of NLO crystal: L-leucine phthalic acid potassium iodide
Authors: Jagadeesh M.R. , Kumar H .M. Suresh , Kumari R. Ananda 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A new semi-organic non linear optical crystal, L-leucine phthalic acid potassium iodide (LLPPI) has been grown from an aqueous solution by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were subjected to different characterizations, such as single crystal XRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis, TGA, SEM, EDAX, micro hardness, dielectric and powder SHG. Single crystal structure was determined from X-ray diffraction data and it revealed that the crystal belongs to triclinic system with the space group P1. The vibrational frequencies of various functional groups were derived from FT-IR spectrum. Thermal stability of the grown crystal was investigated by TG-DTA studies and it was observed that the crystal was thermally stable up to 192 °C. Optical absorption study was carried out and a good transparency in the entire visible region was observed at the lower cutoff wavelength of 227 nm. Dielectric study was performed as a function of frequency and normal dielectric behavior was observed. The micro hardness test was carried out and the load dependent hardness was measured. Kurtz powder method was employed to explore the NLO characteristics of the grown crystal.
CVD carbon powders modified by ball milling
Authors: Kazmierczak Tomasz , Kaczorowski Witold , Niedzielski Piotr 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Carbon powders produced using a plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods are an interesting subject of research. One of the most interesting methods of synthesizing these powders is using radio frequency plasma. This method, originally used in deposition of carbon films containing different sp2/sp3 ratios, also makes possible to produce carbon structures in the form of powder. Results of research related to the mechanical modification of these powders have been presented. The powders were modified using a planetary ball mill with varying parameters, such as milling speed, time, ball/powder mass ratio and additional liquids. Changes in morphology and particle sizes were measured using scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Phase composition was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. The influence of individual parameters on the modification outcome was estimated using statistical method. The research proved that the size of obtained powders is mostly influenced by the milling speed and the amount of balls. Powders tend to form conglomerates sized up to hundreds of micrometers. Additionally, it is possible to obtain nanopowders with the size around 100 nm. Furthermore, application of additional liquid, i.e. water in the process reduces the graphitization of the powder, which takes place during dry milling.
Preparation and photocatalytic activity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/Mg-doped ZnO nanohybrids
Authors: Chen C. S. , Xie X. D. , Cao S. Y. , Liu T. G. , Lin L. W. , Chen X. H. , Liu Q. C. , Kuang J. C. , Xiao Y. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes/Mg-doped ZnO (MWNTs/Zn1-xMgxO) nanohybrids were prepared by co-precipitation method, and their photocatalytic activity for methyl orange (MO) was studied. Experimental results showed that Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles were successfully deposited on the surface of MWNTs under annealing at 450 °C and 550 °C. The resultant MWNTs/Zn0.9Mg0.1O nanohybrids had better photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange than pure ZnO: the rates of MO photodegradation were 100 % and 30 % for 1 h, respectively. The enhancement in the photocatalytic activity was attributed to the excellent electronic properties of MWNTs and Mg-doping.
Fabrication and properties of zinc oxide thin film prepared by sol-gel dip coating method
Authors: Kayani Zohra Nazir , Iqbal Maryam , Riaz Saira , Zia Rehana , Naseem Shahzad 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
ZnO thin films were deposited on a glass substrate by dip coating technique using a solution of zinc acetate, ethanol and distilled water. Optical constants, such as refractive index n and extinction coefficient k. were determined from transmittance spectrum in the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) regions using envelope methods. The films were found to exhibit high transmittance, low absorbance and low reflectance in the visible regions. Absorption coefficient α and the thickness of the film t were calculated from interference of transmittance spectra. The direct optical band gap of the films was in the range of 3.98 to 3.54 eV and the thickness of the films was evaluated in the range of 173 to 323 nm, while the refractive index slightly varied in the range of 1.515 to 1.622 with an increase in withdrawal speed from 100 to 250 mm/s. The crystallographic structure of the films was analyzed with X-ray diffractometer. The films were amorphous in nature.
Structural and optical properties of pure and Ag doped ZnO thin films obtained by sol gel spin coating technique
Authors: Mansoor Ali Syed , Farooq W. A. , Baig M. R. , Shar M.A. , Atif M. , Alghamdi S. S. , Algarawi M. S. , Ur-Rehman Naeem , Hammad Aziz Muhammad 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We have investigated the influence of Ag doping on zinc oxide thin films. Pure and Ag doped, preferentially oriented transparent zinc oxide thin films were prepared by sol gel technique on a glass substrate using diethyl amine as a stabilizer. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the films with hexagonal wurtzite type structure were polycrystalline in nature with a preferred grain orientation in the 101 direction. The crystallite sizes decreased from 34 nm to 27 nm after silver doping. Both photoluminescence and optical transmission measurements showed that the band gap increased after the Ag doping. The structure and optical characterization studies clearly indicated the incorporation of Ag in ZnO. Hence, the observed increase in the optical band gap and decrease in crystallite size can be directly attributed to the effect of Ag ion incorporation into the ZnO lattice.
Creation of interfaces in composite/hybrid nanostructured materials using supercritical fluids
Authors: Pascu Oana , Marre Samuel , Aymonier Cyril 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBy structuring matter at the nano level using highly versatile nanotechnology approaches and apparatus, multifunctionalities with manifestation of enhanced and/or novel useful properties could be attained. The challenges in nanoengineering are the ability to tune the nano-object characteristics (size, distribution, composition, and surface chemistry) and to have a good control on the possible synergy created at the interfaces, especially in the case of complex multifunctional materials. Surface nanoengineering goes hand in hand with the creation of interfaces between nano-objects – either inorganic or hybrid ones – and a closer look in this direction is essential. The present review aims at presenting the possibilities of surface nanoengineering by versatile approaches, namely supercritical fluids processes. Two main routes of nanostructuration, each containing three concepts, will be discussed: supercritical fluid chemical deposition performed in batch mode and continuous supercritical fluid synthesis. Both approaches can be used to access interesting materials with desired properties, with the choice of process depending on what the readers are pursuing.
Nucleation and growth of carbo-nitride nanoparticles in α-Fe-based alloys and associated interfacial process
Authors: Gouné Mohamed , Maugis Philippe , Danoix Fredéric 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPrecipitation of nanoparticles from a supersaturated solid solution is important in understanding and controlling the formation of nanostructure, and as a result, many physical properties of materials, such as conductivity, mechanical, thermoelectric, and magnetic behavior of materials. In each case, the precipitation state, including size, density, chemical composition, spatial distribution, particle morphology, and volume fraction, of nanoparticles can all influence the properties of interest. In an effort to design nano/microstructures in steels, mainly for automotive applications, it is important to be able to describe the time evolution of the precipitation state, including both the nucleation and the growth processes. The present review is thus concerned with the homogenous precipitation of carbo-nitride nanoparticles in α-ferrite. The interfacial process, the time evolution of both carbon and nitrogen into precipitates, and the effects of supersaturation and spatial distribution are discussed and clarified. The involved mechanisms are discussed from a theoretical point of view; some major results are illustrated from newly developed experimental methods, and their relevance to topics of current interest is examined. At last, some major outstanding issues have been identified and avenues for further research suggested.