bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TTSS Retrieval via Coil Tubing Deployment Method in Sarawak Waters
Authors: Yap Y. H. , Chua H. L. , Mokhtar M. K. , Choi Y. X. , Haslan M. H. , Isik F. S. , Dasan L. M. , Nicholas F. K. H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper delves into the operational hurdles encountered during coil tubing operations within a specific field in Sarawak, Malaysia. Focused primarily on the sand clean-out process and the challenge of retrieving a lengthy Through-Tubing Sand Screen (TTSS), this paper presents practical solution through the utilization of the coil tubing deployment method. This paper comprehensively outlines the operational techniques used by the project team during the coil tubing sand clean-out operation and the TTSS retrieval via coil tubing deployment. The project design process, involving evaluation of methods and equipment suitable for this operation, is also discussed in this paper. The success of this project proves that a combination of efficient choices, with the utilization of coiled tubing for cleanout, and collaborative work between coiled tubing and other service providers for the TTSS retrieval, can be implemented for retrieval of lengthy downhole accessories.
Sand production has become one of the most difficult challenges for mature oil fields, adversely affecting well deliverability and potentially contributing to well shut-in and surface equipment failure. Offshore facilities are not typically designed to handle sand long-term, resulting in well closures when sand production becomes excessive. Various efforts can be implemented to enhance the sand handling capacity or minimize sand exposure to surface, among them is by installing a Through-Tubing sand screen (TTSS). TTSS is easy to install, and its low-cost wireline operation makes it one of the preferred choices to address sand issues. This method, however, requires periodic maintenance and replacement to remain efficient. Excessive sand production caused by failures in both primary and remedial sand control measures eventually leads to the accumulation of sand within the production tubing.
A longer TTSS can be installed to increase the longevity and durability of the TTSS. However, installation of long accessories also presents a retrieval challenge. One solution as presented in this paper is to utilize the coil tubing to provide efficient cleaning of debris above the TTSS and sufficient jarring force to release TTSS from tubing. The retrieval of TTSS on surface, however, is limited by the stackup length afforded on surface to allow proper securing of well prior to retrieval. This challenge is overcome by implementing coiled tubing deployment method to secure TTSS on surface into coiled tubing stackup, isolate well from surface safely, and handing over to wireline for the full retrieval of tool above wellhead. The overall workflow of this project allows for the successful retrieval of the TTSS to surface and can be considered in mind when designing the installation and/or retrieval of other lengthy toolstring/downhole completions.
The First Coiled-Tubing-Conveyed Long Propellant Sleeved Perforation Gun in Highly Deviated Wells – Well Performance
Authors: Khong C. K. , Bukhari S. , Ng A. , Ismail W. A. W. , Vierkandt S. , Halik M. I. A. , Yusoff S. , Shergill S. S. , Noor A. A. M. , Hidzir H. S. , Yong N. , Anuar K. K. , Choi Y. X. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the quest to exploit behind-pipe opportunities, production from shallow low-permeability reservoirs were evaluated using propellant perforating technology. Initial development of this field was primarily focused on maximizing gas recovery by only targeting economical pay zones, while marginal intervals were not considered as opportunities. Hydraulic fracturing of low-permeability sand requires formation of sufficient thickness and with underlying or overlying water zones at a distance and stress-barriered sufficiently to not be fractured into.
A workflow developed to compare predicted performance of standard to propellant perforation indicated that production enhancement from these lower quality intervals is feasible. Additionally, if properly designed, the utilization of coil tubing to convey long propellant-guns in highly deviated wells in one descent, if possible, would minimize intervention costs.
Following these parameters, low-permeability zones in two, high-deviation, wells were safely and successfully perforated using coil deployed propellant guns. The perforated and propellant stimulated zones produce at a higher rate than a previously attempted cased hole perforated unstimulated completion. Evaluation of actual well production is comparable to the pre-job modeled performance and confirmed that there is a benefit in using propellant stimulation for the tested formation. A long horizontal well to be perforated using propellant guns is being planned as a scale up to the first successful pilot test.
Formulation and Evaluation of Novel Fully Bio-Based Drilling Fluid with Strong Inhibition and Temperature-Enhanced Plugging Properties
Authors: Lei Ming , Zhu Haiyan , Sun Jinsheng , Huang Weian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The increasingly severe wellbore instability problem of unconventional hydrocarbon resources (such as tight oil/gas and shale oil/gas) and the intensified environmental requirements necessitate the development of environmentally friendly drilling fluids with strong anti-collapse performance.
Herein, a fully bio-based drilling fluid (Pure-Bio system) was formulated from self-developed chitosan-derived shale inhibitor (CMCS), carboxymethyl chitosan-derived thermal-responsive plugging agent (GCOA), rosin-derived nanocomposite plugging agent (PDSA) and optimized thickener of scleroglucan (SCG) and filtrate loss reducer of low-viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-LV). The environmental performance of the Pure-Bio system was determined by biotoxicity and biodegradability evaluations. The engineering performance, including the rheological, filtration, lubrication, and particularly the inhibition and microporous plugging properties, was comprehensively investigated, and the synergistic effects among different additives were analyzed.
The results showed that the Pure-Bio system is non-toxic and readily biodegradable with an acute toxicity index of median effective concentration (EC50) for photobacteria above 4 × (105 mg/L and a biodegradability index of the ratio between biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) over 0.26. Additionally, the Pure-Bio system possesses the rheological characteristics of low plastic viscosity while a high yield point and the effective filtration control ability at both API and HTHP conditions, which can withstand a high temperature over 140°C and contamination by NaCl (10%) and CaCl2 (0.5%). Meanwhile, Pure-Bio shows a significantly reduced extreme pressure lubrication coefficient below 0.1. More importantly, Pure-Bio has strong inhibition performance, reflecting a low clay linear swelling rate and a high shale hot-rolling recovery rate. Also, Pure-Bio exhibits a temperature-enhanced plugging property owing to the synergy of thermal-responsive GCOA and temperature-sensitive deformable PDSA, significantly enhancing the adaptive nano-microporous plugging performance for filter membranes and natural cores at elevated temperatures.
Taking advantage of its features, the environmentally acceptable Pure-Bio system has the potential to serve as a promising and innovative anti-collapse drilling fluid with strong inhibition and temperature-sensitive intelligent plugging characteristics for practical drilling applications in unconventional oil/gas fields.
Optimum Space Throughput for Rate of Penetration in Realtime
Authors: Samuel Robello , Kumar Kiran , Nakhle Amol 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Over the years, the industry has come across a variety of drilling optimization techniques. One of the advantages of optimization, its inherent mathematical accuracy, is also considered a disadvantage because the downhole conditions are unknown and uncertain. As a result, models based on traditional mathematics have inaccurate optimal drilling parameters and can become unusable, especially in real-time due to non-convergence deadlocks, making them impractical for real-time use. To address this issue, this paper proposes an opto-satisficed time-optimal batch methodology is proposed that brackets the feasible solution space using various engineering models. The various engineering and data science models are connected in the form of microservices and can be called as many times as needed during optimization. To curb conservatism, the model is enhanced with dynamic constraints to ensure optimality. Additional limits can be calculated for each discretized subinterval. Taking into account bit wear and vibration, the optimum penetration rate limit is calculated when drilling the well at the specified intervals. It is assumed that the bit wears continuously with each drilling interval and the amount of wear depends on uncontrolled and uncertain parameters such as formation, anisotropy and slope. Note that it is the combination of optimization, satisfaction, and sufficient conditions that makes the drilling operation parameters optimal. Analysis results show that convergence of optimum bound space is very quickly bracketed for optimal drilling parameters in real-time, with predictability in test wells showing best solution results under uncertainty. We also found that the results provided a reasonable threshold if more data were used in well drilling. Results show that as long as the rig is within the operating range, the operating parameters are satisfactory and sufficient to produce the desired results. In other words, almost normal technical solutions are achieved. In this methodology, we found that operating conditions can be adjusted by combining theoretical engineering models with real-time measurements. We use real results from multiple wells to demonstrate the efficiency of this method compared to conventional well optimization algorithms. The study presents comprehensive results including various examples using operating parameters derived while drilling a well in real time to the satisfaction of drilling engineers.
Improving Reliability of Rig Crew in Handling Kick Emergency Situations through Dummy Well
Authors: Ajiguno Tito , Wibowo Michael Aji , Mestika Kukuh Gumilar , Rahmawan Tito , Marjuki _ , Sakti Revie Wijaya , Prananda Sandre , Allo Albert Taruk 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Drilling and Well Intervention job safety aspects need to be prioritized as one of the main Key Performance Indicators to maintain production continuity and achieve yearly targets. The main hazard in these works is blowout. To anticipate blowout, a Primary Barrier and Secondary Barrier are needed. However, in abnormal conditions, the barriers cannot work properly; thus, a kick occurs. When a kick occurs, there is a golden period of countermeasures so that the potential for a blowout does not escalate further. One of the most important stages is the duration of installing Full Opening Safety Valve. Humans can only do this stage; thus, personnel alertness will be the most important barrier in protecting the well when the well condition is underbalanced.
The installation of a Full Opening Safety Valve is intricately linked to the physical competence of Rig personnel. To enhance this competence, a training facility is indispensable. This facility, known as the Dummy Well, is an artificial well comprising a pumping system and a piping system equipped with a nozzle. It serves to simulate real kick bursts, thereby honing the skills of the personnel and boosting their confidence in dealing with such situations.
The efficacy of the kick simulation training in the dummy well is evident in the significant reduction in the duration of Full Opening Safety Valve installation by Rig personnel. This training, conducted repeatedly, has yielded impressive results. On average, after seven training sessions, the duration of FOSV installation was reduced to 40 seconds, a staggering 91% decrease compared to the initial condition. Moreover, this training has not only improved the efficiency of the personnel but also bolstered their confidence in handling emergency conditions, a qualitative measure of success.
Dummy Well is the first kick drill training facility in Indonesia. It can increase the reliability of the blowout prevention barrier through human power so that it can anticipate the occurrence of larger catastrophic disasters and maintain production continuity. No matter Whether Rig operations are on a large or small scale, blowout is a major risk that is common in upstream oil and gas business processes.
Cemented Multi-Stage Fracturing Systems Enhancing Risk Mitigation and Time Efficiency – A Game-Changing Alternative to Open Hole MSF and Cemented Liners
Authors: Agarwal Rohit , Essmat Nooruldeen Zeyad , Paz Daniel , Alismail Ahmed , Lopez Gustavo , Diaz Leonardo , Levario Jesus Alvidrez , Corona Mauricio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Deployment of Open Hole Multistage Fracturing (OH MSF) completion system in long horizontal wells has always been a daunting task, and often presents high risk of getting stuck in open hole due to complex completion design with very stiff assemblies that include multiple large OD – hydraulic set open hole packers. This paper introduces a novel technology called Cemented MSF, which addresses the deployment risks associated with conventional OH MSF and cemented liner. Notably, this technology eliminates the need for time-consuming coil tubing operations for plug-and-perf (in cemented liner), thereby avoiding production delays.
The paper examines the major bottleneck in deployment of OH MSF, a very stiff completion string, which is particularly influenced by the number of stages/ open hole packers, elevating the risk of equipment getting stuck in the open hole due to ledges and washout created while drilling the reservoir. Consequently, there is a constant trade-off between maximizing deployment chances and minimizing the risk of getting stuck by reducing the number of stages. However, this trade-off comes at the expense of production efficiency.
Cemented MSF is a hybrid integrated system that provides all the production benefits of OH MSF with significantly reduced deployment risk. In this novel solution, OH packers are eliminated, and the completion is run in a similar process like a cemented liner. The cemented MSF lower completions were successfully implemented in a long horizontal well with &gt; 6,000 ft of reservoir contact. While drilling the lateral section, this system enables greater degree of directional flexibility and navigation control as compared to conventional OH MSFs, which have very strict limitations for dogleg and inclination citing risk of deployment complexities with the stiff completions string. Having no OH packers eliminate the need to record open hole logs for packer’s placement and further eliminates the need for a simulation run (Dummy Run) to simulate actual completion string stiffness, resulting in a direct savings of minimum six-days. Furthermore, to ensure that the frac ports are not activated prematurely, a fit for purpose cementing program was developed using precise volume and hydraulic displacement calculations and optimum shoe track length. Among the unique features of this system is its ability to run maximum possible stages, ensuring that productions will not be compromised. At the end of completion phase, the frac Ports can be activated by dropping balls just like a conventional OH MSF system and get the well for production.
The paper outlines essential design considerations, checkpoints, an execution phase roadmap, and potential contingencies related to the deployment of the Cemented MSF technology.
Pushing the Boundaries – Optimizing for Riserless Intervention Deepwater GOM
Authors: Sharma V. , Kennedy L. , Balaster P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Light well intervention (LWI) techniques have become increasingly vital in maintaining and optimizing production efficiency in deepwater oil and gas wells. This paper provides a review of recent advancements in LWI technologies, with a particular emphasis on their application in deepwater and sub ambient environments.
The growth of riserless intervention in GOM and push of application beyond current boundaries of operational experience provides- Further growth of well stock feasible to benefit for Riserless Intervention (RLWI).
Furthermore, the widening application of LWI techniques beyond current operational boundaries indicate a maturation and adaptability of the technology to meet evolving industry demand.
Timely Sealant Intervention Yields Bi-Directional Seal and Facilitates Completion Program Continuance
Authors: Burgess A. T. , Johns J. , Raborn C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The subject well had successfully been drilled and was transitioning into the completion phase when a leak was observed in the 9 7/8" production casing. Diagnostics located the leak at 15,329 ft MD, just below the liner hanger. Due to the leak, the operator was unable to obtain the required casing tests to continue their completion program. The initial remediation attempt was a 100 bbl cement squeeze, during which injection rates ranged from 2 BPM @ 1740 psi to 4 BPM @ 2780 psi. Following the squeeze, the casing was tested to 4600 psi, and pressure dropped at a rate of 50 psi/minute. The liquid leak rate averaged 11.4 GPM across varying pressures. Given regulatory and operational constraints, along with a spread cost exceeding $1 MM daily, the operator was left with few options and little time to determine a forward path for the well.
A composite bridge plug was set below the suspected leak site with the workstring across the leak depth. Next, a pressure-activated sealant pill was blended and pumped down the 5" drill pipe and up the annulus with an HEC spacer on both sides. This sealant pill was composed of 4 separate blends, which were layered to promote optimal penetration. The annulus was then pressured up via the kill line until forming an initial seal around 1,500 psi. Once establishing an initial seal, a brief curing period was allowed before continuing to increase pressure in 500 psi increments up to the final pressure of 4600 psi. The sealant was held at this pressure for 2 hours to strengthen before performing 3 pressure cycles to stress and further strengthen the seal. A final 24-hour cure period then followed.
After a successful curing period, clean mud was circulated into the well followed by base oil to create an underbalance in the pipe for a 30-minute negative test. This test confirmed that a bidirectional seal had been achieved. The composite bridge plug was subsequently drilled out and the entire wellbore was tested to 4600 psi. After meeting all regulatory requirements, the operator continued with the completion scope. After perforating the zone and installing the gravel pack assembly, the leak site was permanently isolated with the installation of an isolation packer assembly.
Based on the constraints described above, alternatives considered included specialized cement blends, which were not immediately available, or a sidetrack operation. Due to the flexibility inherent to an in-situ pressure-activated sealant repair, technicians and sealant were able to be mobilized to the drillship within 24 hours. Additionally, the linear leak characteristics observed were well suited for a pressure activated sealant repair. In comparison to the alternative sidetrack option, the sealant treatment yielded major economic, operational, and HSE advantages.
Structural Damage Detection in Steel Frame Using ANFIS
Authors: V Amruthavarshini , Siddesha H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Damage to various structural elements of a structure will cause the structure to deteriorate and ultimately cause its complete failure. It is important to detect such damages in the initial stage. There are many methods that have proved to be effective in detecting the damages using natural frequencies and mode shapes. Artificial Intelligence technique is an efficient method for detecting structural damages. In this study, an attempt was made to find the best ANFIS model to detect the single and multiple damages caused due to the reduction in modulus of elasticity within the frame. Various membership functions are used to predict the accurate ANFIS model. The Gaussian membership function has proved to be the most accurate ANFIS model which has generated almost similar to the same natural frequencies with coefficient of determination (R2) close to 1. This allows ANFIS to be used effectively to predict damage in the framed structure.
Research on determination method of tunnel depth and shallow burial based on temperature field distribution in cold area
Authors: Luo Yanbin , Liu Longfei , Chen Jianxun , Zhao Pengyu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Due to the combined action of the low-temperature air inside and outside the tunnel, the temperature field distribution law of the shallow buried section of the tunnel in cold areas is significantly different from that of the deep buried section, which makes the problem of frost damage more prominent and the prevention and control of frost damage more difficult. Therefore, from the perspective of frost damage prevention, it is necessary to divide the depth and shallow burial of tunnels in cold areas based on the distribution of temperature fields. Based on the Chengde-Tacheng (G335) Yejishan Tunnel, this paper proposes a method for determining the depth and shallow burial of tunnels in cold areas through field tests of the temperature fields inside and outside the tunnels, combined with the numerical simulation of the tunnel temperature fields. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) When the buried depth of the tunnel is less than the sum of the thickness of the stratum and the thickness of the surrounding rock, the temperature in the tunnel overlaps with the surface air temperature, and it can be regarded as a shallow buried tunnel within the range of the longitudinal influence of the air outside the tunnel on the temperature of the surrounding rock along the longitudinal depth, and vice versa. (2) The distribution of the formation and the surrounding rock variable temperature zone is calculated by the control variable method and the inverse analysis method by using the Fluent fluid simulation software, and the distribution of the formation and the surrounding rock is mainly affected by the ratio of the thermal conductivity to the product of the specific heat capacity and density (i.e., the temperature conductivity) and the air annual temperature amplitude; (3) The terrain at the inlet end of Yeji Mountain is gentle, and the surface slope at the outlet end is large. According to the tunnel depth and shallow burial judgment method based on temperature field distribution proposed in this paper, the length of the shallow buried section at the entrance and exit is 375.6m and 25.05 m, respectively, and the length of the shallow buried section at the entrance and exit is shortened by 119.3m and 20.85m compared with the standard method of determining the depth and shallow burial of tunnel. If the shallow buried section of the cave entrance is reinforced with grouting to prevent frost damage, the scope of grouting reinforcement can be reduced, and the effect of low-carbon emission reduction is significant.