bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innervate Commercial Fabrics with Spirally‐Layered Iontronic Fibrous Sensors Toward Dual‐Functional Smart Garments
Authors: Wu Xiaodong , Liu Qi , Zheng Lifei , Lin Sijian , Zhang Yiqun , Song Yangyang , Wang Zhuqing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectronic fabrics exhibit desirable breathability, wearing comfort, and easy integration with garments. However, surficial deposition of electronically functional materials/compounds onto fabric substrates would consequentially alter their intrinsic properties (e.g., softness, permeability, biocompatibility, etc.). To address this issue, here, a strategy to innervate arbitrary commercial fabrics with unique spirally‐layered iontronic fibrous (SLIF) sensors is presented to realize both mechanical and thermal sensing functionalities without sacrificing the intrinsic fabric properties. The mechanical sensing function is realized via mechanically regulating the interfacial ionic supercapacitance between two perpendicular SLIF sensors, while the thermal sensing function is achieved based on thermally modulating the intrinsic ionic impedance in a single SLIF sensor. The resultant SLIF sensor‐innervated electronic fabrics exhibit high mechanical sensitivity of 81 N−1, superior thermal sensitivity of 34,400 Ω °C−1, and more importantly, greatly minimized mutual interference between the two sensing functions. As demonstrations, various smart garments are developed for the precise monitoring of diverse human physiological signals. Moreover, artificial intelligence‐assisted object recognition with high‐accuracy (97.8%) is demonstrated with a SLIF sensor‐innervated smart glove. This work opens up a new path toward the facile construction of versatile smart garments for wearable healthcare, human‐machine interfaces, and the Internet of Things.
The Role of Dislocation Type in the Thermal Stability of Cellular Structures in Additively Manufactured Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: An Dayong , Xiao Yao , Yu Junshi , Zhang Xu , Li Zan , Ma Yan , Li Rui , Han Xianhong , Li Xifeng , Chen Jun , Zaefferer Stefan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ultrafine cellular structure promotes the extraordinary mechanical performance of metals manufactured by laser powder‐bed‐fusion (L‐PBF). An in‐depth understanding of the mechanisms governing the thermal stability of such structures is crucial for designing reliable L‐PBF components for high‐temperature applications. Here, characterizations and 3D discrete dislocation dynamics simulations are performed to comprehensively understand the evolution of cellular structures in 316L stainless steel during annealing. The dominance of screw‐type dislocation dipoles in the dislocation cells is reported. However, the majority of dislocations in sub‐grain boundaries (SGBs) are geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) with varying types. The disparity in dislocation types can be attributed to the variation in local stacking fault energy (SFE) arising from chemical heterogeneity. The presence of screw‐type dislocations facilitates the unpinning of dislocations from dislocation cells/SGBs, resulting in a high dislocation mobility. In contrast, the migration of SGBs with dominating edge‐type GNDs requires collaborative motion of dislocations, leading to a sluggish migration rate and an enhanced thermal stability. This work emphasizes the significant role of dislocation type in the thermal stability of cellular structures. Furthermore, it sheds light on how to locally tune dislocation structures with desired dislocation types by adjusting local chemistry‐dependent SFE and heat treatment.
Optical–Electrical Coordinately Modulated Memristor Based on 2D Ferroelectric RP Perovskite for Artificial Vision Applications
Authors: Wang Hong , Yang Jialiang , Yang Zheng , Liu Gongjie , Tang Yusong , Shao Yiduo , Yan Xiaobing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTraditional artificial vision systems built using separate sensing, computing, and storage units have problems with high power consumption and latency caused by frequent data transmission between functional units. An effective approach is to transfer some memory and computing tasks to the sensor, enabling the simultaneous perception‐storage‐processing of light signals. Here, an optical–electrical coordinately modulated memristor is proposed, which controls the conductivity by means of polarization of the 2D ferroelectric Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite film at room temperature. The residual polarization shows no significant decay after 109‐cycle polarization reversals, indicating that the device has high durability. By adjusting the pulse parameters, the device can simulate the bio‐synaptic long/short‐term plasticity, which enables the control of conductivity with a high linearity of ≈0.997. Based on the device, a two‐layer feedforward neural network is built to recognize handwritten digits, and the recognition accuracy is as high as 97.150%. Meanwhile, building optical–electrical reserve pool system can improve 14.550% for face recognition accuracy, further demonstrating its potential for the field of neural morphological visual systems, with high density and low energy loss.
Photo‐induced Bacillus subtilis‐spore transformation for bowel disease therapy and therapeutic outcome visualization
Authors: Kong Lin , He Wei , Gong Junyi , Qiu Zijie , Zhao Zheng , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEfficient strategies for transforming Bacillus subtilis vegetative cells into spores (BtS transformation) are still limited, although they show promise for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A novel, simple, and rapid photo‐induced BtS transformation mechanism is now presented that utilizes a novel aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) photosensitizer, triphenylamine‐benzothiadiazole‐pyridine‐p‐tolylboronic acid bromine salt (TBPBB), that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to light. The ROS selectively target and damage the membranes of Bacillus subtilis and trigger their transformation into spores. These spores demonstrate considerable promise for the effective treatment of IBD in a mouse disease model. Furthermore, the fluorescence signal generated by TBPBB can be used to directly visualize the recovery of damaged intestinal tissue. This is a valuable tool for monitoring the healing process and gaining insights into therapeutic efficacy. This study highlights the remarkable practical value of AIEgen‐induced BtS transformation for identifying, localizing, and visualizing the therapeutic outcomes of IBD treatments.
Reflections on making public policy (1977–1996)
Authors: Howe Brian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBrian Howe was elected to the federal Parliament in 1977 as the Labor Member for Batman (now Cooper). Following the election of the Hawke Government in 1983 until his retirement from politics in 1996, Howe held several key social policy portfolios in both the Hawke and Keating Labor Governments, and was Deputy Prime Minister from 1991 to 1995. As a politician, Howe held a strong commitment to policy development and implementation. During his career as a Government Minister, he oversaw some of the most significant changes in social policy in Australian history. This article sets out his reflections on policymaking over this period.
Endogenous Fe2+‐triggered self‐targeting nanomicelles for self‐amplifying intracellular oxidative stress
Authors: Fan Zhongxiong , Xia Guoyu , Wang Qingluo , Chen Shiduan , Li Jianmin , Hou Zhenqing , Jiang Ziwen , Feng Juan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundArtesunate (ASA) acts as an •O₂− source through the breakdown of endoperoxide bridges catalyzed by Fe2+, yet its efficacy in ASA‐based nanodrugs is limited by poor intracellular delivery.MethodsASA–hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugates were formed from hydrophobic ASA and hydrophilic HA by an esterification reaction first, and then self‐targeting nanomicelles (NM) were developed using the fact that the amphiphilic conjugates of ASA and HA are capable of self‐assembling in aqueous environments.ResultsThese ASA–HA NMs utilize CD44 receptor‐mediated transcytosis to greatly enhance uptake by breast cancer cells. Subsequently, endogenous Fe2+ from the tumor catalyzes the released ASA to produce highly toxic •O₂− radicals to kill tumor cells, although sustained tumor growth inhibition can be achieved via in vivo experiments.ConclusionsSelf‐targeting NMs represent a promising strategy for enhancing ASA‐based treatments, leveraging clinically approved drugs to expedite drug development and clinical research in oncology.
Relationship between the relative timing of prosection and dissection experiences and laboratory examination performance in a gross anatomy course
Authors: Martin Jason F. , Linton Andrea , Garrett Andrew C. , Mango Damon W. , Svec Paulina M. , Magee Christianne 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReduced hours of instruction are reported within the gross anatomy education literature. Anatomy instruction continues to be challenged with motivating and inspiring learners to value the contribution of gross anatomy knowledge to their career development alongside increased organizational demands for efficiency and effectiveness. To address these demands, this retrospective study sought to understand how the relative timing and amount of gross anatomy instruction were related to examination performance. Undergraduate and graduate students between 2018 and 2022 were assigned to three cohorts determined by enrollment in prosection‐based anatomy only (n = 334), concurrent enrollment in prosection‐ and dissection‐based anatomy in the same semester (n = 67), or consecutive enrollment in the courses one year apart (n = 43). Concurrent students had higher prosection‐based anatomy examination scores than prosection‐only and consecutive students. Consecutively, enrolled students outperformed concurrently enrolled students on the first two dissection examinations but showed no performance differences on the third and fourth dissection examinations. While the results on the timing and presentation of anatomical instruction were inconclusive, the results do support increased instructional time using both prosection and dissection modalities concurrently to improve performance on identification‐based gross anatomy examinations.
Crossing the line? Exploring situated, interactional negotiations of parental involvement in primary homework in England and Italy
Authors: Lehner‐Mear Rachel , Colla Vittoria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrimary school homework is a common practice internationally, historically viewed as an independent child activity, but more recently recognised as a family accomplishment. Parental involvement in homework has been principally discussed in relation to general and fixed typologies, with parent behaviours categorised into pre‐defined ‘types’. This paper challenges that framing by theorising homework as an interactional event. It illustrates that parental involvement is not simply determined by parents’ involvement ‘type’; rather, as an interactional exercise, homework is negotiated in‐the‐moment by parent and child, in linguistic, embodied and material ways. Based on a corpus of 74 video‐recorded homework sessions collected in England and Italy, and adopting discourse analysis, the article reveals that parents display their understanding of what counts as ‘appropriate involvement’ and, at the same time, locally negotiate this with their children, often adapting their involvement practices to meet children's explicit or implicit requests. We present this phenomenon as a ‘flexible line of involvement’ which can shift during each interaction, according to local negotiations embedded within the homework encounter. This shapes the unfolding event, as the parent's moment‐by‐moment responses to their child may result in them ‘crossing the line’. By demonstrating the locally negotiated fluidity of parental involvement, this article highlights the complexity of parent–child primary homework, moving beyond common assumptions that homework is either a lone child's activity, a task solely shaped by schools, or the result of fixed types of parental involvement.
On the architecture of starch granules revealed by iodine vapor binding and lintnerization. Part 1: Microscopic examinations
Authors: Bertoft Eric , Annor George , Vamadevan Varatharajan , Lin Amy Hui‐Mei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStructural nature of glucan chains in the amorphous part of granular starch was examined by iodine vapor treatment and lintnerization. Four iodine‐stained amylose‐containing normal starches and their waxy counterparts were examined under a microscope before, during, and after lintnerization. The presence of amylose retarded the lintnerization rate. The degree of retardation correlated with the structural type of the amylopectin component, suggesting that potato amylopectin (type 4 structure) interacts with amylose in the granules, whereas in barley granules (type 1 structure) the interaction is very weak. The inclusion complexes with iodine were not degraded by the acid treatment. Therefore, the iodine‐glucan chain complex formation could be used to study the structural nature of the flexible, amorphous parts of the starch granules. Indeed, at the end of lintnerization, when 20%–30% of the granules remained, substantial amounts of blue‐stained complexes were washed out from the granules especially from amylose‐containing barley and maize starch, but also from both normal and waxy cassava and potato starch. The complexation with iodine did not affect the rate of lintnerization. This suggested that single helical structures were present during lintnerization also in the absence of iodine and this conformation was the reason for the acid resistance.
Engineering of Rieske dioxygenase variants with improved cis‐dihydroxylation activity for benzoates
Authors: Betts Phillip C. , Blakely Spencer J. , Rutkowski Bailey N. , Bender Brandon , Klingler Cole , Froese Jordan T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRieske dioxygenases have a long history of being utilized as green chemical tools in the organic synthesis of high‐value compounds, due to their capacity to perform the cis‐dihydroxylation of a wide variety of aromatic substrates. The practical utility of these enzymes has been hampered however by steric and electronic constraints on their substrate scopes, resulting in limited reactivity with certain substrate classes. Herein, we report the engineering of a widely used member of the Rieske dioxygenase class of enzymes, toluene dioxygenase (TDO), to produce improved variants with greatly increased activity for the cis‐dihydroxylation of benzoates. Through rational mutagenesis and screening, TDO variants with substantially improved activity over the wild‐type enzyme were identified. Homology modeling, docking studies, molecular dynamics simulations, and substrate tunnel analysis were applied in an effort to elucidate how the identified mutations resulted in improved activity for this polar substrate class. These analyses revealed modification of the substrate tunnel as the likely cause of the improved activity observed with the best‐performing enzyme variants.
Enzyme purification and sustained enzyme activity for pharmaceutical biocatalysis by fusion with phase‐separating intrinsically disordered protein
Authors: Li Xinyi , Kuchinski Liam M. , Park Augene , Murphy Grant S. , Soto Karla Camacho , Schuster Benjamin S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, biocatalysis has emerged as an important alternative to chemical catalysis in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Biocatalysis is attractive because enzymatic cascades can synthesize complex molecules with incredible selectivity, yield, and in an environmentally benign manner. Enzymes for pharmaceutical biocatalysis are typically used in their unpurified state, since it is time‐consuming and cost‐prohibitive to purify enzymes using conventional chromatographic processes at scale. However, impurities present in crude enzyme preparations can consume substrate, generate unwanted byproducts, as well as make the isolation of desired products more cumbersome. Hence, a facile, nonchromatographic purification method would greatly benefit pharmaceutical biocatalysis. To address this issue, here we have captured enzymes into membraneless compartments by fusing enzymes with an intrinsically disordered protein region, the RGG domain from LAF‐1. The RGG domain can undergo liquid–liquid phase separation, forming liquid condensates triggered by changes in temperature or salt concentration. By centrifuging these liquid condensates, we have successfully purified enzyme‐RGG fusions, resulting in significantly enhanced purity compared to cell lysate. Furthermore, we performed enzymatic reactions utilizing purified fusion proteins to assay enzyme activity. Results from the enzyme assays indicate that enzyme‐RGG fusions purified by the centrifugation method retain enzymatic activity, with greatly reduced background activity compared to crude enzyme preparations. Our work focused on three different enzymes—a kinase, a phosphorylase, and an ATP‐dependent ligase. The kinase and phosphorylase are components of the biocatalytic cascade for manufacturing molnupiravir, and we demonstrated facile co‐purification of these two enzymes by co‐phase separation. To conclude, enzyme capture by RGG tagging promises to overcome difficulties in bioseparations and biocatalysis for pharmaceutical synthesis.
Recent Advances on CO2 Electrochemical Reduction over Cu‐Based Nanocrystals
Authors: Xue Fei , Lai Xiaofei , Xu Yong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has recently attracted increasing attention of chemists for converting CO2 to value‐added chemicals with the assistance of electrical energy. Over the past decades, substantial efforts have been devoted to CO2RR, however, this process still suffers the challenges of uphill energy barrier, high overpotential, and poor selectivity to target product due to the thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of CO2. Among those catalysts, Cu has been widely used for CO2RR to produce hydrocarbons with relatively high efficiency in spite of the poor selectivity to products. Therefore, it is highly desired to developed highly active and selective Cu‐based catalysts for CO2RR. This mini‐review will summarize the recent advances on CO2RR over Cu‐based nanocrystals (NCs) with a special focus on the control of selectivity of product via surface modification. We hope this mini‐review will motivate chemists to develop efficient catalysts for CO2RR, and also promote fundamental research on catalyst design in heterogeneous catalysis.
Carbon Dots for Hydrogen Production. How Do They Work?
Authors: Stagi Luigi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCarbon Dots (CDs) have gained significant attention for their fascinating optical properties, potential applications, and puzzling structural challenges. In the last decade, CDs have become the focal point in many photocatalysis studies, either as independent systems or combined with other established photocatalysts. CDs play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of heterostructures for overall water splitting, hydrogen (HER), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In these “Concepts,” we briefly explore the structure of CDs, highlighting their critical aspects, including their role within heterostructures, composition, the presence of fluorophores, and the interaction between the graphitic core and surface functional groups. We will also examine how these factors impact their photocatalytic properties, particularly in the context of future research on H₂ production.
Polyarylene‐Based Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells
Authors: Tao Ran , Shao Minhua , Kim Yoonseob 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) is an emerging and promising technology that can help realize a carbon‐neutral, sustainable economy. Also, compared to the proton exchange membrane counterpart, AEMFC can achieve comparable cell outputs with lower costs due to the applicability of non‐platinum group metal electrocatalysts for the reaction on the electrodes’ surfaces. However, the wide application of the AEMFCs has been impeded by the unsatisfactory stability and performance of the hydroxide‐conductive membranes in the past. Recently researchers have made breakthroughs using polyarylene (PA)‐based AEMs. This article summarizes the recent advances of a class of AEMs with aromatic backbone without ether bonds, mainly synthesized by Friedel–Crafts polycondensation. Such PA‐based AEMs showed high chemical/mechanical stabilities and ionic conductivity, and even the fuel cell with those AEMs showed impressive peak power density of up to 2.58 W cm−2. In this concept article, we classify major strategies for making PA‐based AEMs to show the recent trends, highlight synthesis, characterization, and properties, and provide a brief outlook.
DNA Hierarchical Superstructures from Micellar Units: Stiff Hydrogels and Anisotropic Nanofibers
Authors: Dore Michael D. , Laurent Quentin , Lachance‐Brais Christophe , Das Trishalina , Luo Xin , Sleiman Hanadi F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSupramolecular materials have been assembled using a wide range of interactions, including the hydrophobic effect, DNA base‐pairing, and hydrogen bonding. Specifically, DNA amphiphiles with a hydrophobic building block self‐assemble into diverse morphologies depending on the length and composition of both blocks. Herein, we take advantage of the orthogonality of different supramolecular interactions – the hydrophobic effect, Watson‐Crick‐Franklin base pairing and RNA kissing loops – to create hierarchical self‐assemblies with controlled morphologies on both the nanometer and the micrometer scales. Assembly through base‐pairing leads to the formation of hybrid, multi‐phasic hydrogels with high stiffness and self‐healing properties. Assembly via hydrophobic core interactions gives anisotropic, discrete assemblies, where DNA fibers with one sequence are terminated with DNA spheres bearing different sequences. This work opens new avenues for the bottom‐up construction of DNA‐based materials, with promising applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and the creation of complex DNA structures from a minimum array of components.