bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the potential interaction between tofacitinib and drugs that undergo renal tubular secretion using metformin, an in vivo marker of renal organic cation transporter 2
Authors: Klamerus Karen J. , Alvey Christine , Li Lei , Feng Bo , Wang Rong , Kaplan Irina , Shi Haihong , Dowty Martin E. , Krishnaswami Sriram 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTofacitinib is a novel, oral Janus kinase inhibitor. The potential for drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between tofacitinib and drugs that undergo renal tubular secretion was evaluated using metformin as a probe transporter substrate, and genotyping for organic cation transporter (OCT) 1, OCT2 and multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 polymorphisms.Twenty‐four healthy male subjects completed this open‐label, fixed‐sequence study. Subjects were administered a single oral metformin 500 mg dose on Days 1 and 4, and multiple oral tofacitinib 30 mg twice daily doses on Days 2, 3, and 4. Subjects underwent serial blood and urine samplings (Days 1 and 4) to estimate metformin pharmacokinetics. A single blood sample for tofacitinib was collected 2 hours after the morning dose (Day 4).The 90% confidence intervals for the ratios of maximum plasma concentration, area under the curve and renal clearance of metformin, with and without tofacitinib, were contained within the 80–125% acceptance range commonly used to establish a lack of DDI. No deaths, serious adverse events (AEs), severe AEs or discontinuations due to AEs were reported. The study confirms tofacitinib is unlikely to impact the pharmacokinetics of drugs that undergo renal tubular secretion, and concurs with its weak in vitro OCT2 inhibitory profile.
CO2 Captured in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks: Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Uptake and Host–Guest Interactions
Authors: Kontos Athanassios G. , Likodimos Vlassis , Veziri Charitomeni M. , Kouvelos Evangelos , Moustakas Nikolaos , Karanikolos Georgios N. , Romanos George Em. , Falaras Polycarpos 
Published: March 2014

AbstractZeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) exhibit enhanced selectivity and increased CO2 uptake due to the incorporation of functional imidazolate units in their structure as well as their extensive porosity and ring flexibility. In situ Raman investigation of a representative host compound, ZIF‐69, in practical CO2 pressure and temperature regimes (0–10 bar and 0–64 °C) correlates well with corresponding macroscopic CO2 sorption data and shows clear clear spectroscopic evidence of CO2 uptake. Significant positive shift of the 159 cm−1 phenyl bending mode of the benzimidazole moiety indicates weak hydrogen bonding with CO2 in the larger cavities of the ZIF matrix. Raman spectroscopy is shown to be an easy and sensitive tool for quantifying CO2 uptake, identifying weak host–guest interactions and elucidating CO2 sorption mechanism in ZIFs.
Neural substrates of visual masking by object substitution in schizophrenia
Authors: Lee Junghee , Cohen Mark S. , Engel Stephen A. , Glahn David , Nuechterlein Keith H. , Wynn Jonathan K. , Green Michael F. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDespite a well‐known behavioral finding of visual backward masking impairment in schizophrenia, its underlying neural mechanism remains obscure. This study examined neural correlates of a distinct type of visual backward masking, object substitution masking (OSM), in schizophrenia. Twenty schizophrenia patients and 26 healthy controls completed a 4‐Dot OSM task and three functional localizer tasks for the lateral occipital (LO), human motion‐sensitive (hMT+), and retinotopic areas in the scanner. In 4‐dot masking, subjects detected a target that was followed by a mask consisting of 4 dots that surrounded a target. Stimulus‐onset asynchrony (SOA) between target and mask was varied to examine the modulation of masking: (1) within three visual processing areas regions of interest (ROI) (i.e., ROI analysis) and (2) in brain regions outside the three visual processing areas (i.e., whole brain analysis). In the ROI analyses, LO and retinotopic areas showed increased peak amplitude when SOA become longer in both patients and controls. There was also an effect of ROI in that both groups showed higher activation in LO and hMT+ compared with the retinotopic areas. The whole brain analyses revealed a significantly activated area for longer SOAs vs. a short SOA in the occipital cortex in controls only, but the group contrast was not significant. Overall, this study did not find strong evidence for neural abnormalities of OSM in schizophrenia, suggesting that neural substrates of OSM in schizophrenia are not as compromised as those involved in the more common masking methods that rely on disruption of object formation. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4654–4662, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A mini‐review: Cell response to microscale, nanoscale, and hierarchical patterning of surface structure
Authors: Jeon HoJun , Simon Carl G. , Kim GeunHyung 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCellular behavior can be influenced by the chemical and physical surface characteristics of biomedical substrates. To understand the relationships between various topographical surface patterns and cellular activities, various types of pattern models have been developed and examined in a range of sizes (microscale, nanoscale, and hierarchical structures consisting of both) and shapes (pillar, hole, groove, grate, grid, and island). Here, we review fabrication methods for obtaining physically patterned microscale and nanoscale surfaces, and discuss the relationships between cellular responses and physically patterned surfaces, which could be applied to various biomedical scaffolds used in tissue engineering applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1580–1594, 2014.
Enhanced Immunoprotective Effects by Anti-IL-17 Antibody Translates to Improved Skeletal Parameters Under Estrogen Deficiency Compared With Anti-RANKL and Anti-TNF-α Antibodies
Authors: Tyagi Abdul M , Mansoori Mohd N , Srivastava Kamini , Khan Mohd P , Kureel Jyoti , Dixit Manisha , Shukla Priyanka , Trivedi Ritu , Chattopadhyay Naibedya , Singh Divya 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Activated T cell has a key role in the interaction between bone and immune system. T cells produce proinflammatory cytokines, including receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 17 (IL-17), all of which augment osteoclastogenesis. RANKL and TNF-α are targeted by inhibitors such as denosumab, a human monoclonal RANKL antibody, and infliximab, which neutralizes TNF-α. IL-17 is also an important mediator of bone loss, and an antibody against IL-17 is undergoing phase II clinical trial for rheumatoid arthritis. Although there are a few studies showing suppression of Th17 cell differentiation and induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) by infliximab, the effect of denosumab remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of anti-TNF-α, anti-RANKL, or anti-IL-17 antibody administration to estrogen-deficient mice on CD4+ T-cell proliferation, CD28 loss, Th17/Treg balance and B lymphopoesis, and finally, the translation of these immunomodulatory effects on skeletal parameters. Adult Balb/c mice were treated with anti-RANKL/-TNF-α/-IL-17 subcutaneously, twice a week, postovariectomy (Ovx) for 4 weeks. Animals were then autopsied; bone marrow cells were collected for FACS and RNA analysis and serum collected for ELISA. Bones were dissected for static and dynamic histomorphometry studies. We observed that although anti-RANKL and anti-TNF-α therapies had no effect on Ovx-induced CD4+ T-cell proliferation and B lymphopoesis, anti-IL-17 effectively suppressed both events with concomitant reversal of CD28 loss. Anti-IL-17 antibody reduced proinflammatory cytokine production and induced Tregs. All three antibodies restored trabecular microarchitecture with comparable efficacy; however, cortical bone parameters, bone biomechanical properties, and histomorphometry were best preserved by anti-IL-17 antibody, likely attributable to its inhibitory effect on osteoblast apoptosis and increased number of bone lining cells and Wnt10b expression. Based on the superior immunoprotective effects of anti-IL-17, which appears to translate to a better skeletal preservation, we propose beginning clinical trials using a humanized antibody against IL-17 for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Guest editorial for the special issue on modeling of high‐frequency silicon transistors
Authors: Crupi Giovanni , Schreurs Dominique , Caddemi Alina 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis special issue presents an original and high‐quality selection of twenty referred papers, including this editorial, to provide the readers of the International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields with a representative snapshot of the state‐of‐the‐art, challenges, and future prospects in the timely and fascinating field of the high‐frequency modeling for advanced silicon transistors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HIF‐1α‐induced HSP70 regulates anabolic responses in articular chondrocytes under hypoxic conditions
Authors: Tsuchida Shinji , Arai Yuji , Takahashi Kenji A. , Kishida Tsunao , Terauchi Ryu , Honjo Kuniaki , Nakagawa Shuji , Inoue Hiroaki , Ikoma Kazuya , Ueshima Keiichiro , Matsuki Tomohiro , Mazda Osam , Kubo Toshikazu 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe assessed whether heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is involved in hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF‐1α)‐dependent anabolic pathways in articular chondrocytes under hypoxic conditions. Primary rabbit chondrocytes were cultured under normoxia (20% oxygen condition) or hypoxia (1% oxygen condition). Alternatively, cells cultured under normoxia were treated with CoCl2, which induces HIF‐1α, to simulate hypoxia, or transfected with siRNAs targeting HIF‐1α (si‐HIF‐1α) and HSP70 (si‐HSP70) under hypoxia. HSP70 expression was enhanced by the increased expression of HIF‐1α under hypoxia or simulated hypoxia, but not in the presence of si‐HIF‐1α. Hypoxia‐induced overexpression of ECM genes was significantly suppressed by si‐HIF‐1α or si‐HSP70. Cell viability positively correlated with hypoxia, but transfection with si‐HIF‐1α or si‐HSP70 abrogated the chondroprotective effects of hypoxia. Although LDH release from sodium nitroprusside‐treated cells and the proportion of TUNEL positive cells were decreased under hypoxia, transfection with si‐HIF‐1α or si‐HSP70 almost completely blocked these effects. These findings indicated that HIF‐1α‐induced HSP70 overexpression increased the expression levels of ECM genes and cell viability, and protected chondrocytes from apoptosis. HIF‐1α may regulate the anabolic effects of chondrocytes under hypoxic conditions by regulating HSP70 expression. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:975–980, 2014.
Electrospun Nanofibers as Dressings for Chronic Wound Care: Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Abrigo Martina , McArthur Sally L. , Kingshott Peter 
Published: March 2014

AbstractChronic non‐healing wounds show delayed and incomplete healing processes and in turn expose patients to a high risk of infection. Treatment currently focuses on dressings that prevent microbial infiltration and keep a balanced moisture and gas exchange environment. Antibacterial delivery from dressings has existed for some time, with responsive systems now aiming to trigger release only if infection occurs. Simultaneously, approaches that stimulate cell proliferation in the wound and encourage healing have been developed. Interestingly, few dressings appear capable of simultaneously impairing or treating infection and encouraging cell proliferation/wound healing. Electrospinning is a simple, cost‐effective, and reproducible process that can utilize both synthetic and natural polymers to address these specific wound challenges. Electrospun meshes provide high‐surface area, micro‐porosity, and the ability to load drugs or other biomolecules into the fibers. Electrospun materials have been used as scaffolds for tissue engineering for a number of years, but there is surprisingly little literature on the interactions of fibers with bacteria and co‐cultures of cells and bacteria. This Review examines the literature and data available on electrospun wound dressings and the research that is required to develop smart multifunctional wound dressings capable of treating infection and healing chronic wounds.
Sustained autoimmune mechanisms in dermatomyositis
Authors: Greenberg Steven A 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDermatomyositis is an autoimmune disease predominantly affecting skin and muscle. Its poorly understood pathogenesis is increasingly being linked to the overproduction of type 1 interferon‐inducible gene transcripts and proteins. Mechanisms have been identified by which chronic sustained accumulation of these proteins might occur and thereby injure tissue in dermatomyositis. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties and Application of a Novel Type of Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP)‐Modified Nitrocellulose Powders
Authors: Wu Yanguang , Luo Yunjun , Ge Zhen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGAP‐modified nitrocellulose powders were prepared by an internal solution method and applied in cross‐linked modified double base (XLDB) propellants. It was found that GAP‐modified nitrocellulose powders exhibit high round, no bonding between the particles and excellent fluidity. When the amount of GAP increased from 10.0 % to 30.0 %, the median diameter (d50) of powders decreased from 134.53 μm to 94.54 μm. The thermal decomposition process of GAP appeared also in the GAP‐modified nitrocellulose powders, but the thermal decomposition peak temperatures of N3 and the GAP main chain were found to be lower for the 10.0 % and 20.0 % GAP‐modified samples than the corresponding peak temperatures for pure GAP, respectively. The plasticizing properties of GAP‐modified nitrocellulose powders are better than that of pure nitrocellulose powders, and the drop weight impact sensitivity of the modified powders is reduced as the mass ratio of GAP increases. It was experimentally shown that GAP‐modified nitrocellulose powders can improve the mechanical characteristics of the propellant with a maximum tensile strength (σm) between 0.36 MPa<σm< 1.10 MPa and an elongation at maximum tensile strength (εm) between 28.8 %<εm<51.8 % at temperatures of −40, +20 and +50 °C.
Acceleration or Avoidance? The Role of Temporary Moves Abroad in the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Frändberg Lotta 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the meaning attributed to the practice of ‘going abroad’ from the perspective of youth transitions. It assumes that the growing prevalence of temporary moves abroad among middle‐class youth can be understood as spatial manifestations of, and responses to, both expanded opportunities for individual choice and increased demands for flexibility in the face of uncertainty. The paper is based on an analysis of in‐depth retrospective interviews with 14 thirty‐year‐old Swedes who had spent at least 1 year studying or working abroad in their early to mid twenties. The questions addressed concern the meanings attributed to temporary moves abroad in relation to (a) personal history and personal choice and (b) the management of opportunity and uncertainty. Although going abroad is fairly common among middle‐class Swedish youth, the results indicate that the decision to do so is typically described as highly personal, with reference to one's family history, childhood environment, personality, or desire to become someone different. The act of physical displacement is conceptualised as a way to accelerate progress towards independence and autonomy and to incorporate evidence of courage, flexibility, and ability to act into one's biography. However, mobility is also used to create ‘fail‐safe’ situations – to postpone and avoid the demands for long‐term planning and progress integral to the transition to adulthood. Whereas the pressure for success seems to be considerably relaxed in many temporary communities of mobile youth, it is clearly part of the social context at home. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Site diversity gain at the equator: radar‐derived results modeling in Singapore
Authors: Yeo Jun Xiang , Lee Yee Hui , Ong Jin Teong 
Published: March 2014

SummarySite diversity is an effective rain attenuation mitigation technique, especially in the tropical region where high rainfall rates are common. According to our previous study, site diversity gain is found to be dependent on the site separation distance and path elevation angle while it is independent of signal frequency, baseline angle and polarization angle. Therefore, using 28 months of radar data, a simple site diversity gain prediction model is proposed. The proposed model is compared with the existing ITU‐R models. The seasonal wind direction, another factor that might affect the site diversity gain prediction model, is shown to have negligible effect on site diversity gain. Triple‐site diversity is also investigated, and although it is found to provide gain improvement over dual‐site diversity, this gain improvement is too little to justify for the cost of setting up an additional site. This study is useful for the implementation of site diversity as a rain attenuation mitigation technique in the tropical region. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping One Strong ‘Ohana: Using Network Analysis and GIS to Enhance the Effectiveness of a Statewide Coalition to Prevent Child Abuse and Neglect
Authors: Cardazone Gina , U. Sy Angela , Chik Ivan , Corlew Laura Kate 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNetwork analysis and GIS enable the presentation of meaningful data about organizational relationships and community characteristics, respectively. Together, these tools can provide a concrete representation of the ecological context in which coalitions operate, and may help coalitions identify opportunities for growth and enhanced effectiveness. This study uses network analysis and GIS mapping as part of an evaluation of the One Strong ‘Ohana (OSO) campaign. The OSO campaign was launched in 2012 via a partnership between the Hawai‘i Children's Trust Fund (HCTF) and the Joyful Heart Foundation. The OSO campaign uses a collaborative approach aimed at increasing public awareness of child maltreatment and protective factors that can prevent maltreatment, as well as enhancing the effectiveness of the HCTF Coalition. This study focuses on three elements of the OSO campaign evaluation: (1) Network analysis exploring the relationships between 24 active Coalition member organizations, (2) GIS mapping of responses to a randomized statewide phone survey (n= 1,450) assessing awareness of factors contributing to child maltreatment, and (3) Combined GIS maps and network data, illustrating opportunities for geographically‐targeted coalition building and public awareness activities.
Swinburne's argument for the existence of God: a critical comment on conceptual issues
Authors: BRAUNSTEINER-BERGER JULIA 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this article I discuss two interrelated problems found in Richard Swinburne's cumulative case argument for the existence of God. First, I argue that the probabilistic proof apparatus introduced by Swinburne inThe Existence of God(1979; 2004) would require him to provide a normalized preference order of God's intentions based on a measure of the ‘relative moral goodness’ of possible-world states. However, the approach offered in the second edition ofThe Existence of God(2004) fails to do so for various reasons. Second, a slightly different version of the argument briefly indicated by Swinburne might avoid the problems of normalizability but falls apart when meeting the criteria of relevant confirmation.
Against deliberation restrictions
Authors: PENDERGRAFT GARRETT 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTraditional views about God and about deliberation seem to imply that we need a deliberation restriction on the concept of divine omniscience. I will argue, however, that this deliberation restriction is both irrelevant and unnecessary. It is irrelevant because there is no time at which God needs to deliberate; and it is unnecessary because even if God does deliberate, it's possible for him to do so while knowing what the results of that deliberation will be. And because this possibility of deliberating despite knowing the results holds for deliberation in general, my argument provides useful (and perhaps surprising) results not only for discussions of the divine attributes, but also for broader discussions of deliberation itself.
Engineering Stability: Authoritarian Political Control over University Students in Post-Deng China
Authors: Yan Xiaojun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGiven their critical influence on society and politics, university students are one of the key target groups for authoritarian political control around the world. To further our understanding of the endurance and resilience of authoritarianism in post-Deng China, it is necessary to examine one of the Party-state's most crucial control frameworks: the institutional mechanism through which it preserves social stability in the nation's 2,358 university campuses, and maintains control over its more than 22 million college students. Drawing upon intensive field research conducted in 2011, this article attempts to map out the structures and measures deployed by the post-Deng regime to nurture political compliance and consolidate its domination of university campuses. By deciphering an essential component of the state's political control apparatus, this article aims to shed new light on the internal operations of the authoritarian system that is running China today.
Roundabout 1 exists predominantly as a basal dimeric complex and this is unaffected by binding of the ligand Slit2
Authors: Zakrys Linas , Ward Richard J. , Pediani John D. , Godin Antoine G. , Graham Gerard J. , Milligan Graeme 
Published: March 2014

Robo (Roundabout) receptors and their Slit polypeptide ligands are known to play key roles in neuronal development and have been implicated in both angiogenesis and cancer. Like the other family members, Robo1 is a large single transmembrane domain polypeptide containing a series of well-defined extracellular elements. However, the intracellular domain lacks structural definition and little is known about the quaternary structure of Robo receptors or how binding of a Slit might affect this. To address these questions combinations of both autofluorescent protein-based FRET imaging and time-resolved FRET were employed. Both approaches identified oligomeric organization of Robo1 that did not require the presence of the intracellular domain. SpIDA (spatial intensity distribution analysis) of eGFP-tagged forms of Robo1 indicated that for a C-terminally deleted version approximately two-thirds of the receptor was present as a dimer and one-third as a monomer. By contrast, full-length Robo1 was present almost exclusively as a dimer. In each case this was unaffected by the addition of Slit2, although parallel studies demonstrated the biological activity of Slit2 and its interaction with Robo1. Deletion of both the immunoglobulin and fibronectin type III extracellular repeats prevented dimer formation, with the immunoglobulin repeats providing the bulk of the protein–protein interaction affinity.