bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sacrifice and Modern War Writing
Authors: Houen Alex 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This book surveys how Anglophone war writing explores sacrifice in relation to major conflicts of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries: the First World War; the Irish ‘Easter Rising’ and Anglo-Irish War; the Spanish Civil War; the Second World War; the Vietnam War; the Cold War; and the War on Terror. Various conceptions of sacrifice are examined, including Christian, Jewish, Islamic, and secular, and the discussion ranges across literary portrayals of multiple sacrificial practices, including martyrdom, scapegoating, and ancient practices of child sacrifice. Writings by over 110 authors are discussed, and the book builds an interdisciplinary approach to how war, sacrifice, and their representations interrelate. A wide range of literature is analysed, including novels, memoirs, short stories, essays, manifestoes, elegies, ballads, and lyric poetry. The survey develops chronologically across the book’s three Parts: Part I, on Reprising Ancient Sacrifice in Modern War; Part II on Militant Martyrdoms; and Part III, on Sacrifice’s Gifts and Prices – the latter having a particular focus on secular economizations of sacrifice. While critics and theorists have tended to emphasize that war’s reality exceeds any attempt to represent it, the central contention of this book is that political, religious, and cultural frames of sacrifice have continued to play a significant part in shaping how war’s reality is shaped and experienced. Those frames are inextricably tied to modes of representation, which include symbolism and mimesis. The book explores how sacrificial killing in war is itself riddled with symbolic transfigurations and mimetic exchanges, and it develops a novel approach by arguing that the figurative and imaginative aspects of literary writing ironically become its very means of engaging closely with the reality of war’s sacrifices.
Introducing the Volume on Fiscal Policy and Public Financial Management
Authors: Chakraborty Pinaki , Shanmugam K R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction and overview to the volume. A summary view of the collection of essays on various themes related to fiscal policy and public financial management is offered in this chapter, bringing out the complexity of public financial management in India. The chapter provides key insight into the emerging issues in public financial management, including climate finance and climate change. Issues related to intergovernmental fiscal transfers and federalism, tax policy in a federal system, management of debt and deficit at the Union and State level have been discussed in the context of evolving policy, post-covid economic shocks and rising macroeconomic uncertainties.
Tax Evasion and Unaccounted Incomes
Authors: Sapre Amey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents a theoretical approach to tax evasion. The chapter builds on the conventional approach to tax evasion and incorporates a game theoretic approach to analyse an individual’s decision to engage in tax evasion. The simple repeated game between a taxpayer and a tax authority is presented in the results that the probabilities of audit and penalty rate are inversely related and, beyond a threshold penalty rate, the taxpayer has no incentive to evade. These are used to analyse and provide insights on the conventional approach of analysing tax evasion.
Project Appraisal and Alternative Sources of Funding
Authors: Somasundaram L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Infrastructure as part of public finance has seen a transformation, with larger private participation. The role of the public sector has become complex from the governance perspective, which has to ensure complete project appraisals and stakeholder engagement. This chapter puts into perspective the importance of appraisals to the viability of infrastructure projects. It presents a few important cases in the Indian context, both successful and failed. These highlight the importance of appraisals, risk evaluation, and risk management. The chapter culminates with the introduction of blended finance model, which is designed to ensure sustainability and achieve positive impacts.
Recent and anticipated novel drug approvals (3Q 2024 through 2Q 2025)
Authors: Rim Matthew H , Dean Collin , Aliaj Enela , Karas Brittany L , Barada Farah , Levitsky Andrew M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Health-system pharmacists play a crucial role in monitoring the pharmaceutical pipeline to manage formularies, allocate resources, and optimize clinical programs for new therapies. This article aims to support pharmacists by sharing new and anticipated novel drug approvals.

Summary
Selected drug approvals anticipated in the 12-month period covering the third quarter of 2024 through the second quarter of 2025 are reviewed. The analysis emphasizes drugs expected to have significant clinical and financial impact in hospitals and clinics selected from 54 novel drugs awaiting US Food and Drug Administration approval. New cell therapies for treating cancers continue to enter the drug pipeline, while novel targeted therapies for biliary tract, gastric, pancreatic, and breast cancers, as well as 3 subcutaneous versions of already approved drugs given intravenously, are awaiting approval. Additionally, many novel drugs are being developed for treatment of rare and ultra-rare diseases such as hereditary angioedema, macular telangiectasia, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and Barth syndrome. Two new subcutaneous drugs for hemophilia, a new oral medication for hereditary angioedema, a novel monoclonal antibody for atopic dermatitis, and the first oral penem antibiotic are also in the pipeline.

Conclusion
New drugs with various indications for cancers and rare diseases continue to strengthen the drug pipeline.
Efficacy and safety of biologics for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis in older adults: a single-centre Italian experience
Authors: Viviani Filippo , Spazzoli Giorgio , Clarizio Giacomo , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Bardazzi Federico 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Demographic changes lead to a number of issues regarding the biological treatment of older patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis.

Objectives
To investigate the efficacy and safety of biologics in older adults, substratifying the population based on age, comorbidities and previous therapies over a longer timespan (&gt; 60 weeks).

Methods
A retrospective, single-centre study was conducted with patients aged ≥ 65 years with moderate-to-severe psoriasis who had been undergoing treatment with biologic drugs for &gt; 60 weeks.

Results
Data for 130 patients aged ≥ 65 years with moderate-to-severe psoriasis undergoing biologic therapy were reviewed: 45 were women and with a mean age of 73.23 years (SD 6.53). The decline in mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), body surface area, Dermatology Life Quality Index and Nail Psoriasis Severity Index values over the 60 weeks of treatment was found to be statistically significant at each interval (P &lt; 0.05). Multivariate statistical analysis showed that nearly all the independent variables considered did not influence the response to therapy in terms of PASI score reduction, except for psoriatic arthritis (P = 0.03). We observed a better response in the youngest-old group (aged 65–74 years), with 73% (59/81 patients) achieving ≥ 75% reduction in PASI (PASI 75) and 72% (58/81 patients) achieving PASI 90 and PASI 100 at the 60th week of treatment. The worst result was obtained in the middle-old group (75–84 years old), with 60.0% (24/40 patients) reaching PASI 75 at the end of follow-up, whereas the oldest-old group (≥ 85 years) had a more mixed performance.

Conclusions
The results obtained seem to indicate greater efficacy of anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha drugs, followed by the other classes of interleukin inhibitors. These results could provide a starting point for new and larger studies and guidelines for biologic treatment.
Effects of Meyerozyma guilliermondii PJ15 on the biocontrol of Penicillium crustosum causing postharvest decay in Orah and its influence on the microbial diversity of Orah
Authors: Ye Liujian , Wang Xiaohu , Han Jialin , He Shuang , Wei Shengbo , Zhu Qixia , Meng Jianzong , Zhou Liqin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to isolate biocontrol microorganisms that inhibit Penicillium crustosum and explore their effects on microbial control and microbial diversity changes in P. crustosum causing postharvest decay in Orah.

Materials and Methods
The biocontrol effect was verified by confrontation experiments. The microbial diversity was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. Metabolomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Results
A strain of Meyerozyma guilliermondii PJ15 that strongly inhibited P. crustosum was isolated from the grape surface, which could effectively inhibit the mycelial growth and green spore production of P. crustosum. PJ15 could reduce the sourness and nutrient loss of Orah caused by P. crustosum. Compared with the control, PJ15 treatment increased the pH by 11.32%, the soluble protein content by 163.64%, the ascorbic acid content by 160.84%, and the total soluble sugar content by 203.53%. Microbial diversity analysis showed that PJ15 has a relatively small effect on the bacterial composition and diversity on the surface of Orah but has a significant impact on the fungal composition and diversity. It can increase the fungal diversity of Orah invaded by P. crustosum, increase the density of fungal interaction networks, and form a stronger coexisting survival interaction network. The vaccination of PJ15 downregulated the differential metabolite 5,6-epoxytetraene, which showed a positive correlation with P. crustosum and a negative correlation with PJ15.

Conclusions
Meyerozyma guilliermondii PJ15 has a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of P. crustosum and has a significant impact on the fungal composition and diversity on the surface of Orah. It has potential for biocontrol of P. crustosum causing postharvest decay in Orah.
Transformation of meiotic drive into hybrid sterility in Drosophila
Authors: Bladen Jackson , Nam Hyuck-Jin , Phadnis Nitin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hybrid male sterility is one of the fastest evolving intrinsic reproductive barriers between recently isolated populations. A leading explanation for the evolution of hybrid male sterility involves genomic conflicts with meiotic drivers in the male germline. There are, however, few examples directly linking meiotic drive to hybrid sterility. In this study, we report that the Sex-Ratio chromosome of Drosophila pseudoobscura, which causes X-chromosome drive within the USA subspecies, causes near-complete male sterility when it is moved into the genetic background of the Bogota subspecies. In addition, we show that this new form of sterility is genetically distinct from the sterility of F1 hybrid males in crosses between USA males and Bogota females. Our observations provide a tractable study system where noncryptic drive within species is transformed into strong hybrid sterility between very young subspecies.
Accessibility of diabetes education in the United States: barriers, policy implications, and the road ahead
Authors: Tharakan Anna , McPeek Hinz Eugenia , Zhu Emelia , Denmeade Brad , German Jashalynn , Huang Wei Angel , Brucker Amanda , Rinker Joanne , Memering Chris , Spratt Susan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) programs are an effective, yet underutilized, resource to improve health outcomes and behaviors for people with diabetes. We examined the attendance and referral rates for people with diabetes to DSMES classes at an academic medical center, noting a 10% referral rate and 37% completion rate for those referred. We identified barriers to DSMES care at patient, provider, and health system levels. Current technology platforms and training fail to prioritize referrals to diabetes education; providers and people with diabetes are often unfamiliar with program content and benefits. Scheduling mechanisms often delay or lose interested patients in receiving vital education. Existing Medicare reimbursement strategies limit expansion of DSMES programs, generating significant wait times and limit capabilities for Diabetes Care and Education Specialists. We identify potential policy solutions and recommend alterations to existing referral and scheduling systems to expand existing technology platforms for DSMES programs and shift reimbursement policies to individualize and better support care for persons with diabetes.
Meta-analysis of the Therapeutic Impact of Cannabinoids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Kang Hansol , Schmoyer Christopher J , Weiss Alexandra , Lewis James D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
With the increasing legalization of medical and recreational cannabis, patients and providers have growing interest in the role of cannabinoids in treating inflammatory bowel disease. Prior meta-analysis has shown inconclusive evidence for efficacy of cannabinoids. We sought to produce an up-to-date meta-analysis that pools new data to evaluate the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids in both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods
PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL were queried for randomized-controlled trials evaluating the impact cannabinoids in CD or UC. Random effects modeling was used to compute pooled estimates of risk difference. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2.

Results
Eight studies, including 4 studies of CD, 3 studies of UC, and 1 study of both diseases met inclusion criteria. Among 5 studies of CD, a statistically significant decrease in clinical disease activity following intervention was observed (risk ratios [RR],  −0.91; 95% CI, CI:1.54 to CI:0.28, I2 = 71.9%). Clinical disease activity in UC was not significantly lower in the pooled analysis (RR, −2.13; 95% CI, −4.80 to 0.55; I2 = 90.3%). Improvement in quality of life (QoL) was observed in both CD and UC combined (RR, 1.79; 95% CI, 0.92-0.2.66; I2 = 82.8%), as well as individually. No differences were observed in the analysis on endoscopic disease activity and inflammatory markers.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis of clinical trials suggests that cannabinoids are associated with improved quality of life in both CD and UC, as well as improved disease activity but not inflammation.
Recent Advances in the Mechanistic Understanding of Avian Responses to Environmental Challenges
Authors: Gerson Alexander R , Elowe Cory , Stager Maria 
Published: August 2024

Synopsis
Endothermic species have evolved strategies to maximize survival in highly variable or extreme environments. Birds are exemplary as they are among the most widely distributed endotherms on the planet, living in all manner of inhospitable environments. As an example, winter in temperate regions is characterized by cold temperatures and low food availability. Some birds have evolved to tolerate these conditions by seasonally increasing thermogenic capacity, increasing heterothermy, and displaying highly flexible phenotypes. Other species have evolved to avoid the inhospitable conditions of winter altogether by migrating—again requiring a unique set of physiological adaptations that allow success in this challenging endeavor. In these examples and in many others, the organismal requirements for success share similarities, but the underlying mechanisms, physiological requirements, and selection on those traits can differ significantly, as can their ecological and evolutionary impacts. In recent years, a suite of novel and established tools has become widely available and more accessible, allowing insights into long-standing questions. Genomic tools, new approaches to measure organismal performance, the use of citizen science data, easier access to metabolite assays or hormone detection, to name a few, have spurred rapid advances in our understanding of avian physiology. These new tools have been leveraged to investigate important questions regarding avian responses to our rapidly changing climate in an attempt to understand species resilience and limits.
The data quality problem (in the European Financial Data Space)
Authors: Borowicz M Konrad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
By creating the European Financial Data Space (EFDS), the European Commission aims to foster the development of data-driven innovation in the financial sector. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the most notable innovation that could benefit from enhanced access to data through the EFDS. However, the current policy framework establishing the EFDS suffers from a major limitation—it neglects the question of data quality or whether the data shared in the EFDS will be fit for the purpose of the development of AI applications. The AI Act and General Data Protection Regulation could play a role in fostering data quality in this area, but the two frameworks are also unlikely to do that to a satisfactory extent. To address the data quality problem, this article proposes policymakers should develop a framework for data quality that encompasses both a conceptual and an organizational dimension aimed at promoting the free flow of high-quality data in the EFDS.
Clinical Application of Phage Immunoprecipitation Sequencing to Diagnose Enterovirus D68 as the Underlying Etiology in a Case of Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Li Fang Fang , Faber Alison , Caleta Jessica M , Goldfarb David M , Sekirov Inna , Prystajecky Natalie A , Srigley Jocelyn A , Mishaal Ram , Jassem Agatha N 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute peripheral neuropathy often preceded by respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, though molecular testing of cerebrospinal fluid is often inconclusive. In a recent case of severe pediatric GBS in British Columbia, Canada, we detected cerebrospinal fluid antibodies against enterovirus D to link GBS with prior enterovirus D68 respiratory infection.
Dynamic Landscape of Mpox Importation Risks Driven by Heavy-Tailed Sexual Contact Networks Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in 2022
Authors: Jung Sung-mok , Miura Fuminari , Murayama Hiroaki , Funk Sebastian , Wallinga Jacco , Lessler Justin , Endo Akira 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
During the 2022 global mpox outbreak, the cumulative number of countries reporting their first imported case quickly rose in the early phase, but the importation rate subsequently slowed down, leaving many countries reporting no cases by the 2022 year-end.

Methods
We developed a mathematical model of international dissemination of mpox infections incorporating sexual networks and global mobility data. We used this model to characterize the mpox importation patterns observed in 2022 and to discuss the potential of further international spread.

Results
Our proposed model better explained the observed importation patterns than models not assuming heterogeneity in sexual contacts. Estimated importation hazards decreased in most countries, surpassing the global case count decline, suggesting a reduced per-case risk of importation. We assessed each country's potential to export mpox cases until the end of an epidemic, identifying countries capable of contributing to the future international spread.

Conclusions
The accumulation of immunity among high-risk individuals over highly heterogeneous sexual networks may have contributed to the slowdown in the rate of mpox importations. Nevertheless, the existence of countries with the potential to contribute to the global spread of mpox highlights the importance of equitable resource access to prevent the global resurgence of mpox.
Pediatric Patients with Postburn Amputations Report Worse Long-term Physical Function but Not Self-Appearance: A Burn Model System Study
Authors: Choe Deborah , Humbert Andrew , Wolfe Erin , Stoycos Sarah A , Mandell Samuel , Stewart Barclay T , Carrougher Gretchen J , Kowalske Karen , Schneider Jeffrey C , Crandell David M , Yenikomshian Haig A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Some severe burn injuries may warrant amputation; however, the physical and functional adjustments resulting from postburn amputation can have long-term consequences. This study investigates longitudinal functional and psychosocial outcomes among pediatric burn amputees. Pediatric participants enrolled in the Burn Model System national longitudinal, multicenter database between 2015 and 2023 with postburn amputations were included. Participants with amputations were matched using nearest-neighbor matching to those without amputations based on burn location, age, and % total burn surface area burn size. Primary outcomes were the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pediatric-25 Profile v2.0 Physical Function and the Children Burn Outcomes Questionnaire: appearance subscore, both measured at 6-, 12-, and 24 months postburn. In this study, 17 participants had amputations, and 17 did not (matched participants). Pairwise analyses at each timepoint found those with amputations reported significantly lower physical function scores at 24 months postburn (54.9 ± 11.6 vs 66 ± 5, P = .013). No significant differences were found in appearance scores. This study suggests that pediatric burn amputees may potentially face greater physical impairment long-term, highlighting an important area of research that deserves further attention.
Autosomal suppression of sex-ratio meiotic drive influences the dynamics of X and Y chromosome coevolution
Authors: Gupta Anjali , Unckless Robert L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Sex-ratio meiotic drivers are selfish genes or gene complexes that bias the transmission of sex chromosomes resulting in skewed sex ratios. Existing theoretical models have suggested the maintenance of a four-chromosome equilibrium (with driving and standard X and suppressing and susceptible Y) in a cyclic dynamic, but studies of natural populations have failed to capture this pattern. Although there are several plausible explanations for this lack of cycling, interference from autosomal suppressors has not been studied using a theoretical population genetic framework even though autosomal suppressors and Y-linked suppressors coexist in natural populations of some species. In this study, we use a simulation-based approach to investigate the influence of autosomal suppressors on the cycling of sex chromosomes. Our findings demonstrate that the presence of an autosomal suppressor can hinder the invasion of a Y-linked suppressor under some parameter space, thereby impeding the cyclic dynamics, or even the invasion of Y-linked suppression. Even when a Y-linked suppressor invades, the presence of an autosomal suppressor can prevent cycling. Our study demonstrates the potential role of autosomal suppressors in preventing sex chromosome cycling and provides insights into the conditions and consequences of maintaining both Y-linked and autosomal suppressors.