bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The balance between stress resilience and vulnerability is regulated by corticotropin‐releasing hormone during the critical postnatal period for sensory development
Authors: Cramer Tomer , Kisliouk Tatiana , Yeshurun Shlomo , Meiri Noam 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTDetermining whether a stressful event will lead to stress‐resilience or vulnerability depends probably on an adjustable stress response set point, which is most likely effective during postnatal sensory development and involves the regulation of corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) expression. During the critical period of thermal‐control establishment in 3‐day‐old chicks, heat stress was found to render resilient or sensitized response, depending on the ambient temperature. These two different responses were correlated with the amount of activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. The expression of CRH mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus was augmented during heat challenge a week after heat conditioning in chicks which were trained to be vulnerable to heat, while it declined in chicks that were trained to be resilient. To study the role of CRH in HPA‐axis plasticity, CRH or Crh‐antisense were intracranially injected into the third ventricle. CRH caused an elevation of both body temperature and plasma corticosterone level, while Crh‐antisense caused an opposite response. Moreover, these effects had long term implications by reversing a week later, heat resilience into vulnerability and vice versa. Chicks that had been injected with CRH followed by exposure to mild heat stress, normally inducing resilience, demonstrated, a week later, an elevation in body temperature, and Crh mRNA level similar to heat vulnerability, while Crh‐antisense injected chicks, which were exposed to harsh temperature, responded in heat resilience. These results demonstrate a potential role for CRH in determining the stress resilience/vulnerability balance. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 842–853, 2015
Regulation of microglial migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth by HO‐1/CO signaling
Authors: Scheiblich Hannah , Bicker Gerd 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTClearance of infected and apoptotic neuronal corpses during inflammatory conditions is a fundamental process to create a favorable environment for neuronal recovery. Microglia are the resident immune cells and the predominant phagocytic cells of the CNS, showing a multitude of cellular responses upon activation. Here, we investigated in functional assays how the CO generating enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) influences BV‐2 microglial migration, clearance of debris, and neurite outgrowth of human NT2 neurons. Stimulation of HO‐1 activity attenuated microglial migration in a scratch wound assay, and phagocytosis in a cell culture model of acute inflammation comprising lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated microglia and apoptosis‐induced neurons. Application of a CO donor prevented the production of NO during LPS stimulation, and reduced microglial migration and engulfment of neuronal debris. LPS‐activated microglia inhibited neurite elongation of human neurons without requiring direct cell–cell surface contact. The inhibition of neurite outgrowth was totally reversed by application of exogenous CO or increased internal CO production through supply of the substrate hemin to HO. Our results point towards a vital cytoprotective role of HO‐1/CO signaling after microglial activation. In addition, they support a therapeutic potential of CO releasing chemical agents in the treatment of excessive inflammatory conditions in the CNS. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 854–876, 2015
Epitope‐specific CD4+, but not CD8+, T‐cell responses induced by recombinant influenza A viruses protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Flórido Manuela , Pillay Roman , Gillis Caitlin M. , Xia Yingju , Turner Stephen J. , Triccas James A. , Stambas John , Britton Warwick J. 
Published: November 2014

Tuberculosis remains a global health problem, in part due to failure of the currently available vaccine, BCG, to protect adults against pulmonary forms of the disease. We explored the impact of pulmonary delivery of recombinant influenza A viruses (rIAVs) on the induction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis)‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses and the resultant protection against M. tuberculosis infection in C57BL/6 mice. Intranasal infection with rIAVs expressing a CD4+ T‐cell epitope from the Ag85B protein (PR8.p25) or CD8+ T‐cell epitope from the TB10.4 protein (PR8.TB10.4) generated strong T‐cell responses to the M. tuberculosis‐specific epitopes in the lung that persisted long after the rIAVs were cleared. Infection with PR8.p25 conferred protection against subsequent M. tuberculosis challenge in the lung, and this was associated with increased levels of poly‐functional CD4+ T cells at the time of challenge. By contrast, infection with PR8.TB10.4 did not induce protection despite the presence of IFN‐γ‐producing M. tuberculosis‐specific CD8+ T cells in the lung at the time of challenge and during infection. Therefore, the induction of pulmonary M. tuberculosis epitope‐specific CD4+, but not CD8+ T cells, is essential for protection against acute M. tuberculosis infection in the lung.
The effect of genotype and ripening index on the phenolic profile and fatty acids composition of virgin olive oils from olive breeding programs
Authors: Sánchez de Medina Verónica , Priego‐Capote Feliciano , Luque de Castro María Dolores 
Published: November 2014

The combined influence of the genotype and the ripening process on the concentration of phenolic compounds and fatty acids (FAs, both esterified and non‐esterified forms) in virgin olive oils (VOOs) from Arbequina × Picual, Picual × Arbequina and Frantoio × Picual genotypes as well as their genitors has been studied through their profiles obtained by LC–QqTOF and GC–FID, respectively. Statistical multivariate analysis tools allowed finding discrimination of VOOs according to the genotype and the standardized parameter ripening index (RI). Significant phenols and FAs with the highest discrimination capability (p‐value < 0.01) between pairs of genotypes and RI stages were identified to elucidate the main differences in the composition of these two critical families influencing the quality of VOO. Discrimination patterns associated to the two factors with high incidence on the quality of VOO (genotype and RI) were found and quantitative relationship was also found between the RI with the profile of phenols and FAs, and the total phenolic content with the phenol profile, which proves the utility of monitoring both families in VOO as a criterion for selection in plant breeding programs. No correlation was found between the total phenolic content and FAs composition.Practical applications: Olive breeding programs are based on the monitoring of agronomical and/or quality parameters of the VOO. Phenols and FAs are two of the main families with influence on the quality of VOOs.“The combined influence of the genotype and the ripening process on the concentration of phenolic compounds and fatty acids in virgin olive oils has been studied. Phenolic profiles were obtained by LC–QTOF MS/MS while fatty acids were analyzed by GC–FID. Statistical multivariate analysis tools were applied to identify the main variability sources”.
The Frondosins: An Unusual Synthetic and Stereochemical Journey
Authors: VanHeyst Michael D. , Wright Dennis L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIsolated from the marine sponge Dysidea frondosa, the frondosin family of meroterpenoid natural products were shown to be antagonists of the binding of the cytokine interleukin‐8 to its receptor. With implications of interleukin‐8 management being associated with a wide range of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, as well as tumor progression and/or metathesis, there have been a multitude of syntheses of these natural products in the hopes of developinging new pharmacological agents. However, assignment of the absolute configurations of these natural products became unclear, because the first two syntheses of frondosin B, by Danishefsky and by Trauner, produced conflicting assignments for the single stereogenic center at C8. Here we describe the initial stereochemical mystery surrounding the Danishefsky and Trauner syntheses and provide evidence through ensuing syntheses of frondosins B and A that resolve this issue. These subsequent asymmetric syntheses have established that (1) the natural product occurs as the R enantiomer, and (2) a late‐stage stereochemical inversion occurred during the Trauner and Wright syntheses of frondosin B.
Environmental and Economic Assessment of Leak and Loss Audits at Natural Gas Compressor and Storage Facilities
Authors: Johnson Derek , Covington April , Clark Nigel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAccording to the United States (US) Energy Information Administration (EIA), the annual US natural gas consumption is forecast to grow from 25.6 trillion cubic feet (TCF) in 2012 to 31.6 TCF in 2040 (1 CF≈28.3 L). The main component of natural gas is methane, a potent greenhouse gas (GHG). As the natural gas supply chain grows, there is increased scrutiny over leaks and losses that occur during the multiple stages from development to end users. West Virginia University′s (WVU) Center for Alternative Fuels, Engines, and Emissions conducted leak and loss audits at five natural gas compressor and storage facilities in the Barnett Shale region of Texas. We have reported elsewhere on the site‐specific total leak and loss rates.11–13 This article provides an environmental and economic assessment of the total methane (natural gas) losses at these facilities. Other studies report the methane emissions in terms of tons per year, whereas this paper examines the environmental impact of these emissions through an equivalent CO2 emissions rate using multiple global warming potentials. This paper also examines the lost revenue from these leaks and the overall social cost of carbon (SCC) that could be assessed to these facilities under a proposed carbon tax. The methane leaks and losses from these sites result in CO2 equivalent emissions of over 70 000 and 24 000 metric tons annually, using a 20‐year and 100‐year global warming potentials (GWPs), respectively. Using a SCC of $ 37 per metric ton, this would result in annual costs of $ 2.6 million and $ 915 000 for these sites based on the respective GWPs.
Dynamic Latent Class Model Averaging for Online Prediction
Authors: Yang Hongxia , Hosking Jonathan R. M. , Amemiya Yasuo 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTWe consider the problem of online prediction when it is uncertain what the best prediction model to use is. We develop a method called dynamic latent class model averaging, which combines a state‐space model for the parameters of each of the candidate models of the system with a Markov chain model for the best model. We propose a polychotomous regression model for the transition weights to assume that the probability of a change in time depends on the past through the values of the most recent time periods and spatial correlation among the regions. The evolution of the parameters in each submodel is defined by exponential forgetting. This structure allows the ‘correct’ model to vary over both time and regions. In contrast to existing methods, the proposed model naturally incorporates clustering and prediction analysis in a single unified framework. We develop an efficient Gibbs algorithm for computation, and we demonstrate the value of our framework on simulated experiments and on a real‐world problem: forecasting IBM's corporate revenue. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Realized Volatility Forecast of Stock Index Under Structural Breaks
Authors: Yang Ke , Chen Langnan , Tian Fengping 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTWe investigate the realized volatility forecast of stock indices under the structural breaks. We utilize a pure multiple mean break model to identify the possibility of structural breaks in the daily realized volatility series by employing the intraday high‐frequency data of the Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index and the five sectoral stock indices in Chinese stock markets for the period 4 January 2000 to 30 December 2011. We then conduct both in‐sample tests and out‐of‐sample forecasts to examine the effects of structural breaks on the performance of ARFIMAX‐FIGARCH models for the realized volatility forecast by utilizing a variety of estimation window sizes designed to accommodate potential structural breaks. The results of the in‐sample tests show that there are multiple breaks in all realized volatility series. The results of the out‐of‐sample point forecasts indicate that the combination forecasts with time‐varying weights across individual forecast models estimated with different estimation windows perform well. In particular, nonlinear combination forecasts with the weights chosen based on a non‐parametric kernel regression and linear combination forecasts with the weights chosen based on the non‐negative restricted least squares and Schwarz information criterion appear to be the most accurate methods in point forecasting for realized volatility under structural breaks. We also conduct an interval forecast of the realized volatility for the combination approaches, and find that the interval forecast for nonlinear combination approaches with the weights chosen according to a non‐parametric kernel regression performs best among the competing models. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication and Power Densities of Anode‐Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Different Ni‐YSZ Anode Functional Layer Thicknesses
Authors: Kagomiya I. , Kaneko S. , Kakimoto K. , Park K. , Cho K.H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe investigated an appropriate preparation condition for anode‐supported SOFCs: (La,Sr)MnO3/cathode functional layer/YSZ/Ni‐YSZ were fabricated with and without a Ni‐YSZ anode functional layer (AFL) via the tape‐casting method, where the AFL thicknesses were controlled from approximately 20 to 80 μm. The warpage depended on the co‐sintering temperature of the electrolyte/AFL/anode‐support half‐cells, indicating that similar shrinkage of the electrolyte/AFL/anode support is significant for lower warpages. The electrical properties of SOFCs with AFLs were compared to those of SOFCs without AFLs. In this regard, the use of an AFL decreased the ohmic and activation polarization resistances due to both the decrease in contact resistance between the electrolyte and the AFL and the increase in three‐phase boundaries. However, the polarization diffusion increased when an AFL was employed, because AFL layers are denser than the anode support. The maximum power densities of samples with AFL were higher than those of SOFCs without AFLs, indicating that the decrease in both ohmic and activation‐polarization resistances is more significant for improving the power densities, as compared to the concentration polarization resistance.
Adjustment and Long‐Run Economic Performance in 18 African Countries
Authors: Gebregziabher Fiseha 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates the link between IMF‐World Bank stabilisation‐cum‐structural adjustment programs and long‐run economic performance in 18 African countries on a country‐specific basis for the period 1960–2009. We employ a structural break approach to study the impact on long‐run growth trajectories of the introduction of adjustment programs. The analysis reveals that only few countries have shown positive and sustained results. The traditional (first‐generation) Fund‐Bank adjustment package is linked with sustained increase in Gross Domestic Product, export and investment growth rates only in two countries (Ghana and Uganda). Many African economies remained on theirpre‐reform growth paths whereas some others experienced growth deceleration, despite more‐than‐a‐decade‐long adjustment. Taken as a whole, countries in the CFA franc currency zone fared much worse than their non‐CFA counterparts because of the different adjustment strategies pursued. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate change effects on crop yields in Serbia and related shifts of Köppen climate zones under the SRES‐A1B and SRES‐A2
Authors: Mihailović D. T. , Lalić B. , Drešković N. , Mimić G. , Djurdjević V. , Jančić M. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTWe considered shifts in the Köppen climate zones and the corresponding impact on the crop yields in Serbia by comparing (1) the results of downscaling with the ECMWF Hamburg Atmospheric Model 5 (ECHAM5) and regional Eta Belgrade University (EBU)‐Princeton Ocean Model (POM) model for the A1B and A2 scenarios over 2001–2030 and 2071–2100 and (2) the present climate simulations for the period 1961−1990. We analyzed the EBU‐POM regional climate model complexity by calculating the corresponding metrics. The yields of winter wheat, maize and soybeans were evaluated with the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model.In the future, the Köppen climate zones of Serbia will shift in coverage percentage and altitude from the present climate simulations toward warmer and drier climate zones. The calculated climate indices feature changes in the following parameters: increases in the mean annual temperature, growing season temperature, number of growing degree days (higher than 5 °C) and the frequency of tropical days; and decreases in the mean annual precipitation, growing season precipitation and frequency of frost days. Yields of crops (winter wheat, maize and soybeans) will increase on average under both scenarios, with the exception of maize in non‐irrigated conditions and under the A2 scenario.
Surface‐modified silicone T‐tubes for prevention of tracheal stenosis in a rabbit model
Authors: Choi Jeong‐Seok , Lim Jae‐Yol , Park In S. , Seo Si Y. , Joung Yoon K. , Han Dong K. , Kim Young‐Mo 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThis study was conducted to determine whether a surface‐modified tracheal T‐tube can prevent tracheal stenosis in a rabbit model.Study DesignAnimal model study.MethodsWe designed surface‐modified tracheal T‐tubes in which silicone rubber was modified by coating it with hyaluronic acid (HA) or polyethylene glycol (PEG). Sixteen rabbits were divided into four insertion groups: normal, silicone tube, silicone tube coated with HA, and silicone tube coated with PEG. Surface‐modified tubes were inserted into the tracheal lumen after a scraping injury on the inner tracheal mucosa around the preformed tracheostoma. Laryngoscopy was performed to evaluate formation of stenosis in the trachea. Histological examinations were performed to evaluate epithelial thickness, inflammatory response, and fibrosis.ResultsEndoscopic finding showed that the HA‐ and PEG‐coated tube groups had less granulation tissue in the trachea than the noncoated tube group. Greater epithelialization was observed in the noncoated tube group than in the normal group. HA‐ and PEG‐coated tube groups showed a tendency to decreasing epithelialization compared with the noncoated tube group. More inflammatory cells were observed in the noncoated tube group than in the normal group, and fewer inflammatory cells were observed in the HA‐ and PEG‐coated tube groups than in the noncoated tube group. The noncoated tube group showed a greater area of fibrosis than the HA‐ and PEG‐coated tube groups.ConclusionsA surface‐modified tracheal T‐tube may have a favorable effect on reducing tracheal stenosis in a rabbit model. We suggest that local application of HA and PEG should be further researched for prevention of tracheal stenosis. Our rabbit model could be helpful in providing an additional scenario for evaluating new strategies to prevent tracheal stenosis.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:1465–1471, 2015
Treatment of epilepsy by stimulation of the vagus nerve from Head‐and‐Neck surgical point of view
Authors: Lotan Gad , Vaiman Michael 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe current article is dedicated to the surgical aspect of the vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and our efforts to improve the surgical technique. The aim was to reduce the side effect/surgical complication rate as well as the time needed for this surgery.Study DesignA case series.MethodsThe surgical data of 72 consecutive patients (age 4–14) who were operated for VNS device implantation from 2007 to 2014 were collected and analyzed. We designed the new surgical protocol that was implemented in all 72 cases and analyzed postsurgical side effects/complication rates. This protocol suggests low neck incision, detecting the vagus between the heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, a submuscular pocket for the device, and a short tunnel between it and the vagus electrodes.ResultsThe implantation took about 40 minutes; 4.2% of the patients (n = 3) were afflicted by complications related to surgery; and one patient (1.4%) suffered from hardware malfunctions. Side effects related to VNS therapy itself occurred in seven cases (6.9%).ConclusionTo minimize laryngeal complications in implantation surgery for VNS devices, the surgical technique should be significantly modified, and lower neck incision could be implemented together with a submuscular pocket for the battery.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1352–1355, 2015
An objective comparison regarding rate of fistula and stricture among anterolateral thigh, radial forearm, and jejunal free tissue transfers in circumferential pharyngo‐esophageal reconstruction
Authors: Tan Ngian Chye , Lin Pao‐Yuan , Kuo Pao‐Jen , Tsai Yun‐Ta , Chen Yen‐Chou , Nguyen Khanh Thien , Kuo Yur‐Ren 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundThe three commonly used free flaps for circumferential pharyngeal reconstruction after total pharyngo‐laryngectomy are the radial forearm flap (RFF), the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap, and the jejunum flap. This study was to objectively compare three different flaps for pharyngeal reconstruction during the past 10 years. Stricture and fistula were assessed using esophagogram and esophagoscopy.MethodsForty‐five patients with pharyngeal reconstructions had esophagram and esophagoscopy done postoperatively to assess for strictures and fistulas. These patients were divided into three groups based on pharyngeal reconstruction by ALT, RFF, and jejunal flaps. From the results of the esophagogram and esophagoscope, the presence of a fistula or stricture was compared and analyzed.ResultsThere was only one ALT flap failure. The rate of fistula was 33%, 50%, and 30% in the ALT, RFF, and jejunal flap group respectively. The fistula rate revealed no significant difference between ALT, RFF, jejunal flap groups (P = 0.63). The rate of stricture was 38.1%, 57.1%, and 0% in the ALT, RFA, jejunal flap groups respectively. The stricture rate in jejunal flap group revealed significant decrease (P = 0.0093).ConclusionJejunal flap has a significantly lower rate of stricture for reconstruction of circumferential pharyngeal defects when compared with RFF or ALT flaps. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:345–349, 2015.