bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered spontaneous activity in young chronic cigarette smokers revealed by regional homogeneity
Authors: Tang Jinsong , Liao Yanhui , Deng Qijian , Liu Tieqiao , Chen Xiaogang , Wang Xuyi , Xiang Xiaojun , Chen Hongxian , Hao Wei 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background
Few studies have been previously published about the resting state brain activity in young chronic smokers, although many previous fMRI studies have shown that the task-related activity pattern is altered in chronic smokers.

Methods
In the present study, forty-five healthy smokers (age: 27.9 ± 5.6 year) and forty-four healthy non-smoking control subjects (age: 26.3 ± 5.8 year) have been imaged with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and analyzed with the regional homogeneity (ReHo) approach.

Results
Compared with healthy controls, decreased ReHo was found in smokers in the right inferior frontal cortex and increased ReHo was found in the left superior parietal lobe (P < 0.01, 35 Voxels,Alphasim corrected).

Conclusions
Our data suggested that, during resting state, neural function is less synchronized in the right inferior frontal cortex and more synchronized in the left superior parietal lobe in chronic smokers compared to non-smokers. The decreased synchronization in the right inferior frontal cortex may reflect lacking of control over reward-related behavior, and the increased synchronization may reflect smoking urges.
Permissive hypotension does not reduce regional organ perfusion compared to normotensive resuscitation: animal study with fluorescent microspheres
Authors: Schmidt Bruno M , Rezende-Neto Joao B , Andrade Marcus V , Winter Philippe C , Carvalho Mario G , Lisboa Thiago A , Rizoli Sandro B , Cunha-Melo Jose Renan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to investigate regional organ perfusion acutely following uncontrolled hemorrhage in an animal model that simulates a penetrating vascular injury and accounts for prehospital times in urban trauma. We set forth to determine if hypotensive resuscitation (permissive hypotension) would result in equivalent organ perfusion compared to normotensive resuscitation.MethodsTwenty four (n=24) male rats randomized to 4 groups: Sham, No Fluid (NF), Permissive Hypotension (PH) (60% of baseline mean arterial pressure - MAP), Normotensive Resuscitation (NBP). Uncontrolled hemorrhage caused by a standardised injury to the abdominal aorta; MAP was monitored continuously and lactated Ringer’s was infused. Fluorimeter readings of regional blood flow of the brain, heart, lung, kidney, liver, and bowel were obtained at baseline and 85 minutes after hemorrhage, as well as, cardiac output, lactic acid, and laboratory tests; intra-abdominal blood loss was assessed. Analysis of variance was used for comparison.ResultsIntra-abdominal blood loss was higher in NBP group, as well as, lower hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. No statistical differences in perfusion of any organ between PH and NBP groups. No statistical difference in cardiac output between PH and NBP groups, as well as, in lactic acid levels between PH and NBP. NF group had significantly higher lactic acidosis and had significantly lower organ perfusion.ConclusionsHypotensive resuscitation causes less intra-abdominal bleeding than normotensive resuscitation and concurrently maintains equivalent organ perfusion. No fluid resuscitation reduces intra-abdominal bleeding but also significantly reduces organ perfusion.
Gankyrin gene deletion followed by proteomic analysis: insight into the roles of Gankyrin in Tumorigenesis and Metastasis
Authors: Luo Xue , Chen Liang , Dai Jiang , Gao Yanfei , Wang Hongli , Wang Na , Zhao Yongqiang , Liu Feng , Sang Zhihong , Wang Jie , Li Weihua , He Kun , Jin Baofeng , Man Jianghong , Zhang Wei , Xia Qing 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background
Gankyrin was originally purified and characterized as the p28 component of the 26S proteasome, and later identified as an oncogenic protein in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). It has recently been found to be highly expressed in several other malignancies, and compelling evidence show gankyrin plays important roles in tumorigenesis. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear.

Methods
In order to further clarify the functions of gankyrin and better understand its molecular mechanisms, we generated a gankyrin null cell line, HCT116 gankyrin−/− , by targeted homologous recombination in human colon cancer cells, and then employed two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) based proteomic approaches followed by MS identification to investigate alterations in the proteome due to the gankyrin knockout. Western blot and qRT-PCR assays were also used to examine the protein and mRNA levels of some identified proteins.

Results
Compared with wild-type control cells, gankyrin null cells were impaired in terms of their proliferation, migration and anchorage-independent growth. A total of 21 altered proteins were identified, which included 18 proteins that had not previously been reported to be related to gankyrin. Notably, eight metastasis-related proteins were identified. Western blot analyses confirmed that the changes in three examined proteins were consistent with 2-DE gel analysis.

Conclusions
In summary, we have generated a useful cell tool to clarify the functions of gankyrin. Our proteomic data provide novel information to better understand the roles and underlying mechanisms by which gankyrin is involved in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis.
Acute management and outcome of multiple trauma patients with pelvic disruptions
Authors: Burkhardt Markus , Nienaber Ulrike , Pizanis Antonius , Maegele Marc , Culemann Ulf , Bouillon Bertil , Flohé Sascha , Pohlemann Tim , Paffrath Thomas ,   the TraumaRegister DGU and the German Pelvic Injury Register of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Data on prehospital and trauma-room fluid management of multiple trauma patients with pelvic disruptions are rarely reported. Present trauma algorithms recommend early hemorrhage control and massive fluid resuscitation. By matching the German Pelvic Injury Register (PIR) with the TraumaRegister DGU (TR) for the first time, we attempt to assess the initial fluid management for different Tile/OTA types of pelvic-ring fractures. Special attention was given to the patient's posttraumatic course, particularly intensive care unit (ICU) data and patient outcome.

Methods
A specific match code was applied to identify certain patients with pelvic disruptions from both PIR and TR anonymous trauma databases, admitted between 2004 and 2009. From the resulting intersection set, a retrospective analysis was done of prehospital and trauma-room data, length of ICU stay, days of ventilation, incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), sepsis, and mortality.

Results
In total, 402 patients were identified. Mean ISS was 25.9 points, and the mean of patients with ISS ≥16 was 85.6%. The fracture distribution was as follows: 19.7% type A, 29.4% type B, 36.6% type C, and 14.3% isolated acetabular and/or sacrum fractures. The type B/C, compared with type A fractures, were related to constantly worse vital signs that necessitated a higher volume of fluid and blood administration in the prehospital and/or the trauma-room setting. This group of B/C fractures were also related to a significantly higher presence of concomitant injuries and related to increased ISS. This was related to increased ventilation and ICU stay, increased rate of MODS, sepsis, and increased rate of mortality, at least for the type C fractures. Approximately 80% of the dead had sustained type B/C fractures.

Conclusions
The present study confirms the actuality of traditional trauma algorithms with initial massive fluid resuscitation in the recent therapy of multiple trauma patients with pelvic disruptions. Low-volume resuscitation seems not yet to be accepted in practice in managing this special patient entity. Mechanically unstable pelvic-ring fractures type B/C (according to the Tile/OTA classification) form a distinct entity that must be considered notably in future trauma algorithms.
Fat: an evolving issue
Authors: Speakman John R. , O’Rahilly Stephen 
Published: August 2012

Summary
Work on obesity is evolving, and obesity is a consequence of our evolutionary history. In the space of 50 years, we have become an obese species. The reasons why can be addressed at a number of different levels. These include separating between whether the primary cause lies on the food intake or energy expenditure side of the energy balance equation, and determining how genetic and environmental effects contribute to weight variation between individuals. Opinion on whether increased food intake or decreased energy expenditure drives the obesity epidemic is still divided, but recent evidence favours the idea that food intake, rather than altered expenditure, is most important. There is more of a consensus that genetics explains most (probably around 65%) of weight variation between individuals. Recent advances in genome-wide association studies have identified many polymorphisms that are linked to obesity, yet much of the genetic variance remains unexplained. Finding the causes of this unexplained variation will be an impetus of genetic and epigenetic research on obesity over the next decade. Many environmental factors – including gut microbiota, stress and endocrine disruptors – have been linked to the risk of developing obesity. A better understanding of gene-by-environment interactions will also be key to understanding obesity in the years to come.
Locomotion and behavior of Humboldt squid,Dosidicus gigas, in relation to natural hypoxia in the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Gilly William F. , Zeidberg Louis D. , Booth J. Ashley T. , Stewart Julia S. , Marshall Greg , Abernathy Kyler , Bell Lauren E. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYWe studied the locomotion and behavior of Dosidicus gigas using pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags to record environmental parameters (depth, temperature and light) and an animal-borne video package (AVP) to log these parameters plus acceleration along three axes and record forward-directed video under natural lighting. A basic cycle of locomotor behavior in D. gigas involves an active climb of a few meters followed by a passive (with respect to jetting) downward glide carried out in a fins-first direction. Temporal summation of such climb-and-glide events underlies a rich assortment of vertical movements that can reach vertical velocities of 3 m s−1. In contrast to such rapid movements, D. gigas spends more than 80% of total time gliding at a vertical velocity of essentially zero (53% at 0±0.05 m s−1) or sinking very slowly (28% at −0.05 to −0.15 m s−1). The vertical distribution of squid was compared with physical features of the local water column (temperature, oxygen and light). Oxygen concentrations of ≤20 μmol kg−1, characteristic of the midwater oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), can influence the daytime depth of squid, but this depends on location and season, and squid can ‘decouple’ from this environmental feature. Light is also an important factor in determining daytime depth, and temperature can limit nighttime depth. Vertical velocities were compared over specific depth ranges characterized by large differences in dissolved oxygen. Velocities were generally reduced under OMZ conditions, with faster jetting being most strongly affected. These data are discussed in terms of increased efficiency of climb-and-glide swimming and the potential for foraging at hypoxic depths.
Time with Terence Chang
Authors: Stokes Lisa Odham 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Born in Hong Kong, producer Terence Chang is known in film circles for his business savvy and artistic acumen. After studying architecture at the University of Oregon and film at New York University, he returned to Hong Kong and worked as a production manager on two films before joining Rediffusion Television (RTV, now ATV). By the mid-1980s, he was in charge of distribution at D&B Films, successfully launching the careers of Michelle Yeoh (he later became her manager) and Brandon Lee. As general manager at Film Workshop, he was in charge of The Killer, Swordsman, Spy Games, Love and Death in Saigon, A Chinese Ghost Story 2, and Gunmen. During this time, he and John Woo became business partners, and the rest, as they say, is history.
Psychological, Cultural, and Social Perspectives for Understanding the Representation of Women in Miike Takashi's Box
Authors: Yau Shuk-ting Kinnia 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Miike Takashi's Box is the most surreal compared to Fruit Chan's Dumplings and Park Chan-wook's Cut in Three…Extremes. The ambiguous narrative structure and dreamlike elements in Box enable different possible interpretations of the film. Due to the film's dreamlike qualities, it is easily tempted to decipher the film by applying Western psychoanalytical theories. Nevertheless, there are many underlying elements in the film that actually display Japanese tradition, especially the performing arts, i.e. noh which existed since the 14th Century, about five hundred years before Sigmund Freud was born.
Trans-regional Circulation of Jackie Chan's Image in the Late Cold War Years' East Asia
Authors: Hong Jeeson 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
How to view the historically and institutionally constructed concept,"East Asia" is a highly political question: is it a troublesome reminder of a "co-prosperity" sphere as coined by Japanese Imperialists? Does it signify a security bloc consolidated by cold war geopolitics? Does it denote a cultural locality based on the essentialized Confucianism? Is it a model region of "modernization," or on the contrary, an imaginary space for an alternative? Acknowledging the fact that the concept carries a complex history, this essay introduces another way of approaching the concept. It describes a cultural geography shaped by the circulation of one popular image. Through this phenomenological cartography, I hope to trace the sociopolitical transformations of the region in the 1980s. The horizontal cut of 1980s' East Asia can reveal the complex historical layers and "archaeologies of the future," borrowing Fredric Jameson's expression (Jameson, 2002: 215; Jameson, 2005).
Compensation of Occupational Illnesses in France
Authors: Mony Annie Thébaud 
Published: August 2012

Workers' compensation is an insurance program in which employers pay for job-related injuries and occupational disease. This no-fault insurance coverage pays medical bills and lost wages, without assigning blame to workers or their employers. Payment is supposed to be prompt and usually covers 100 percent of medical costs and two-thirds of wages. In the United States, state departments of labor and insurance regulate coverage by this 82-year-old program. In the absence of uniform federal standards, the laws, administration, coverage, and ability to receive compensation vary widely from state to state. Nationwide fewer than 5 percent of compensation settlements are for occupational disease, and of these, most are for noise-induced hearing loss. Although the relation of the workplace to an acute injury is often readily established, that between toxic exposures and disease (especially conditions with long latency periods) is difficult for workers to prove. Employers contest more than 80 percent of all compensation claims for chronic occupational diseases. The result is undercompensation and underrecognition of occupational illness, failure to take cases into the system, and inadequate feedback into the workplace for prevention. In the United States, the burden of proving that disease is occupational in origin lies with workers, who must find doctors able and willing to make a differential diagnosis between, for example, occupational lung disease and other chronic lung diseases. In contrast, French workers are eligible once they demonstrate an illness on the list of compensable conditions and show proof of occupational exposure. For this reason, the French system has been the envy of American workers, and herein lies the interest of the study by Annie Thébaud-Mony. Many analysts believe that most claims are contested because American workers are required to establish a causal link between a specific job and a particular illness. But, as Dr. Thébaud-Mony. shows, even when this requirement is removed, few claims are made for occupational illnesses in France. This study shows just how the French system fails its workers.
Occupational Health and Safety in Mexico: Adequate Legislation and Ineffective Enforcement
Authors: Lemus Blanca 
Published: August 2012

“Work is a social right and social obligation. It is not an article of commerce; it requires respect for the freedom and dignity of the person performing it and it shall be carried out under conditions protecting the life, the health and a decent standard of living for the worker and his family. No distinctions shall be made between workers on the grounds of race, sex, age, religious belief, political opinion or social status.” — Article III, Mexican Federal Labor Law
Assessment of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Nonmydriatic Ultra-Widefield Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (Optomap) Compared With ETDRS 7-Field Stereo Photography
Authors: Kernt Marcus , Hadi Indrawati , Pinter Florian , Seidensticker Florian , Hirneiss Christoph , Haritoglou Christos , Kampik Anselm , Ulbig Michael W. , Neubauer Aljoscha S. 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
To compare the diagnostic properties of a nonmydriatic 200° ultra-widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) versus mydriatic Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) 7-field photography for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A consecutive series of 212 eyes of 141 patients with different levels of DR were examined. Grading of DR and clinically significant macular edema (CSME) from mydriatic ETDRS 7-field stereo photography was compared with grading obtained by Optomap Panoramic 200 SLO images. All SLO scans were performed through an undilated pupil, and no additional clinical information was used for evaluation of all images by the two independent, masked, expert graders.

RESULTS
Twenty-two eyes from ETDRS 7-field photography and 12 eyes from Optomap were not gradable by at least one grader because of poor image quality. A total of 144 eyes were analyzed regarding DR level and 155 eyes regarding CSME. For ETDRS 7-field photography, 22 eyes (18 for grader 2) had no or mild DR (ETDRS levels ≤ 20) and 117 eyes (111 for grader 2) had no CSME. A highly substantial agreement between both Optomap DR and CSME grading and ETDRS 7-field photography existed with κ = 0.79 for DR and 0.73 for CSME for grader 1, and κ = 0.77 (DR) and 0.77 (CSME) for grader 2.

CONCLUSIONS
Determination of CSME and grading of DR level from Optomap Panoramic 200 nonmydriatic images show a positive correlation with mydriatic ETDRS 7-field stereo photography. Both techniques are of sufficient quality to assess DR and CSME. Optomap Panoramic 200 images cover a larger retinal area and therefore may offer additional diagnostic properties.
Hemoglobin A1c Levels and Mortality in the Diabetic Hemodialysis Population
Authors: Ramirez Sylvia Paz B. , McCullough Keith P. , Thumma Jyothi R. , Nelson Robert G. , Morgenstern Hal , Gillespie Brenda W. , Inaba Masaaki , Jacobson Stefan H. , Vanholder Raymond , Pisoni Ronald L. , Port Fritz K. , Robinson Bruce M. 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
Lowering hemoglobin A1c to &lt;7% reduces the risk of microvascular complications of diabetes, but the importance of maintaining this target in diabetes patients with kidney failure is unclear. We evaluated the relationship between A1c levels and mortality in an international prospective cohort study of hemodialysis patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Included were 9,201 hemodialysis patients from 12 countries (Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study 3 and 4, 2006–2010) with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and at least one A1c measurement during the first 8 months after study entry. Associations between A1c and mortality were assessed with Cox regression, adjusting for potential confounders.

RESULTS
The association between A1c and mortality was U-shaped. Compared with an A1c of 7–7.9%, the hazard ratios (95% CI) for A1c levels were 1.35 (1.09–1.67) for &lt;5%, 1.18 (1.01–1.37) for 5–5.9%, 1.21 (1.05–1.41) for 6–6.9%, 1.16 (0.94–1.43) for 8–8.9%, and 1.38 (1.11–1.71) for ≥9.0%, after adjustment for age, sex, race, BMI, serum albumin, years of dialysis, serum creatinine, 12 comorbid conditions, insulin use, hemoglobin, LDL cholesterol, country, and study phase. Diabetes medications were prescribed for 35% of patients with A1c &lt;6% and not prescribed for 29% of those with A1c ≥9%.

CONCLUSIONS
A1c levels strongly predicted mortality in hemodialysis patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Mortality increased as A1c moved further from 7–7.9%; thus, target A1c in hemodialysis patients may encompass values higher than those recommended by current guidelines. Modifying glucose-lowering medicines for dialysis patients to target A1c levels within this range may be a modifiable practice to improve outcomes.
Response to spatial and nonspatial change in wild (WWCPS) and Wistar rats
Authors: Stryjek Rafał , Modlińska Klaudia , Pisula Wojciech 
Published: August 2012

Response to spatial and nonspatial change in wild (WWCPS) and Wistar rats
The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the effects of domestication on exploration in rats. The comparison was made between wild Warsaw-Wild-Captive-Pisula-Stryjek (WWCPS) rats and Wistar laboratory rats. The study used a purpose-built maze divided into zones connected with a corridor. Objects were placed in two out of four zones. Their location and shape were subject to experimental manipulation. Transporter used to move rats to the maze provided the opportunity for spontaneous exploration of the experimental arena. Rats were subjected to a series of 10 sessions (habituation), followed by a spatial or nonspatial change in the experimental arena, after which another 5 experimental sessions were conducted. The study revealed that wild rats had much higher exploration latency than their laboratory counterparts. At each analyzed stage, WWCPS rats spent much more time in the transporter than Wistar rats. Wistar rats spent much more time during the experiment on object interaction in the experimental arena. In post-manipulation sessions, however, it was wild rats that explored object zones relatively longer than laboratory rats. No differences in the animals' behavior depending on the type of change were observed. Results suggest that wild rats tend to explore much more cautiously than laboratory rats and are more sensitive to changes in their environment. The underlying cause of these differences is likely to be the higher level of stress in wild rats, resulting from threats in their natural habitat.
La vie quotidienne à l'École normale supérieure de Sèvres au début du XXe siècle (dans la correspondance de Rosa Dufour)
Authors: Nossowska Małgorzata 
Published: August 2012

Życie codzienne w École normale supérieure w Sèvres na poczatku XX w. (w świetle listów do rodziców Rosy Dufour)Cet article présente la vie quotidienne dans l'École normale supérieure de Sèvres au début de XX siècle. Elle a été créée en 1881 (en application de la loi sur l'enseignement secondaire des filles) et destinée à former des professeurs femmes. Elle était installée dans les bâtiments abandonnés de l'ancienne manufacture de Sèvres, assez proche de Paris, pour permettre la venue des meilleurs professeurs parisiens. Très vite les Sévriennes deviennent l'élite du corps d'enseignant féminine comme professeurs au collèges ou au lycées. Rosa Dufour (l'élève de 1909 à 1912) dans sa correspondance racontait sa vie en détail: le passage du concours d'entrée, la vie quotidienne à l'école, les études, la préparation de l'agrégation. Il est très intéressant de connaître la vie à l'école qui était si importante pour la réforme de l'enseignement secondaire des filles en France au début du XXe siècle.