bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid In Vitro Corrosion Induced by Crack-Like Pathway in Biodegradable Mg–10% Ca Alloy
Authors: Jung Jae-Young , Kwon Sang-Jun , Han Hyung-Seop , Yang Gui Fu , Lee Ji-Young , Yang Seok-Jo , Cho Sung-Youn , Cha Pil-Ryung , Kim Young-Yul , Kim Yu-Chan , Seok Hyun-Kwang , Ahn Jae-Pyoung 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe in vitro corrosion mechanism of the biodegradable cast Mg–10% Ca binary alloy in Hanks' solution was evaluated through transmission electron microscopy observations. The corrosion behavior depends strongly on the microstructural peculiarity of Mg2Ca phase surrounding the island-like primary Mg phase and the fast corrosion induced by the interdiffusion of O and Ca via the Mg2Ca phase of lamellar structure. At the corrosion front, we found that a nanosized crack-like pathway was formed along the interface between the Mg2Ca phase and the primary Mg phase. Through the crack-like pathway, O and Ca are atomically exchanged each other and then the corroded Mg2Ca phase was transformed to Mg oxides. The in vitro corrosion by the exchange of Ca and O at the nanosized pathway led to the rapid bulk corrosion in the Mg–Ca alloys.
Cyclic stabilizers and infinitely many hyperbolic orbits for pseudogroups
on
Authors: Rebelo Julio C. , Reis Helena 
Published: August 2013

AbstractConsider a pseudogroup on $( \mathbb{C} , 0)$ generated by two local diffeomorphisms having analytic conjugacy
classes a priori fixed in $\mathrm{Diff} \hspace{0.167em} ( \mathbb{C} , 0)$. We show that a generic pseudogroup as above is such that every
point has a (possibly trivial) cyclic stabilizer. It also follows that these generic
groups possess infinitely many hyperbolic orbits. This result possesses several
applications to the topology of leaves of foliations, and we shall explicitly
describe the case of nilpotent foliations associated to Arnold’s singularities of
type ${A}^{2n+ 1} $.
Experience of anxiety among patients with severe COPD: A qualitative, in-depth interview study
Authors: Strang Susann , Ekberg-Jansson Ann , Henoch Ingela 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectives:Anxiety often arises in conjunction with dyspnoea in patients with severe COPD. Considering the provoking symptomatology and the high mortality rate for COPD, it is reasonable to believe that these conditions trigger death-related and existential anxiety. Although anxiety causes considerable distress and reduces quality of life, people's experience of anxiety has been studied relatively little. The aim of this study was to explore severely ill COPD patients’ experience of anxiety and their strategies to alleviate anxiety.Methods:This qualitative, in-depth interview study explored perceptions of anxiety and the alleviation strategies that are adopted. Interviews were analyzed using a thematic content analysis approach, involving interpretive coding and identification of themes. People suffering from COPD (stage III or IV) were recruited from a pulmonary outpatient clinic in the west of Sweden. Purposive sampling was used, and thirty-one (31) patients were included.Results:Most of the patients had experienced anxiety associated with COPD. Analyses revealed three major themes, death anxiety, life anxiety, and counterweights to anxiety. Death anxiety included fear of suffocation, awareness of death, fear of dying and separation anxiety. Life anxiety included fear of living and fear of the future. Counterweights to anxiety concerned coping with suffocation, avoiding strategy, and a sense of joy that defied their vulnerable situation.Significance of results:The majority of patients experienced anxiety, which limited their lives. Although the patients experienced both life anxiety and death anxiety, they were able to cope with the situation and find a defiant joy to some extent.
Maize silage and Italian ryegrass silage as high-energy forages in organic dairy cow diets: Differences in feed intake, milk yield and quality, and nitrogen efficiency
Authors: Baldinger L. , Zollitsch W. , Knaus W.F. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDuring the winter feeding period in organic dairy production systems in the alpine and pre-alpine regions of Austria and its neighboring countries, maize silage is an energy-rich forage that is regularly included in grass-silage-based diets to improve the energy supply of the cows. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorumLam.) is also a high-energy fodder grass popular as forage for dairy cows, but it is rarely cultivated in Austrian organic agriculture. The two crops differ in their cultivation demands and characteristics. Italian ryegrass establishes rapidly and may reduce the risk of soil erosion. Italian ryegrass would be a beneficial addition to crop rotation, which is an essential tool in successful organic farming. In a 15-week feeding trial, Italian ryegrass silage and maize silage were fed to 22 lactating Holstein dairy cows. Organically produced Italian ryegrass silage and maize silage were included at a rate of 40% [of dry matter (DM)] in grass-silage-based mixed basal diets. The mixed basal diets were supplemented with modest amounts of additional concentrates (2.7–3.0 kg DM day−1). Owing to the higher energy content of maize silage as compared to Italian ryegrass silage, the maize diet provided more energy [6.3 MJ net energy for lactation (NEL) kg−1DM] than the ryegrass diet (6.15 MJ NEL kg−1DM). The protein supply of the maize diet and the ryegrass diet was intended to be equal, but in fact the protein content of the maize diet was significantly lower (122 g crude protein kg−1DM) than that of the ryegrass diet (141 g kg−1DM). When the maize diet was fed, feed intake, milk yield and milk protein content were significantly higher as compared to the ryegrass diet. Also, intake of crude protein was significantly lower when feeding the maize diet, and in combination with the higher milk protein yield, this enabled an efficiency of gross nitrogen (N) utilization as high as 0.304. This level of N efficiency can be considered as above average and was significantly and considerably higher than the level of 0.259 observed when the ryegrass diet was fed. Therefore, maize silage upholds its reputation as an ideal energy-rich component in grass-silage-based dairy cow diets.
Bioactive baculovirus nanohybrids for stent based rapid vascular re-endothelialization
Authors: Paul Arghya , Elias Cynthia B. , Shum-Tim Dominique , Prakash Satya 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPresent study, for the first time, reports the development of a nanohybridized baculovirus based stent that can locally promote vascular re-endothelialization by efficient delivery of pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) genes. In vitro data demonstrated rapid expression of functionally active Vegf by the bioactive stent-transduced vascular cells. In vivo site-specific transgene expression was observed at the stented regions of balloon-denuded canine femoral artery, which eventually lead to significant endothelial recovery at the injured sites. A significant reduction in neointima formation (2.23 ± 0.56 mm2 vs 2.78 ± 0.49 mm2 and 3.11 ± 0.23 mm2, p < 0.05; n = 8) and percent stenosis was observed in treated stent group compared to negative control and bare metal stent groups. These findings collectively implicate the potential of this newly developed baculovirus based biotherapeutic stent to ameliorate damaged vascular biology and attenuate re-narrowing of stented artery by inhibiting neointima formation.
Analysis of a near-metric TSP approximation algorithm
Authors: Krug Sacha 
Published: August 2013

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the most fundamental optimization
problems. We consider the β-metric traveling salesman problem
(Δβ-TSP), i.e., the TSP
restricted to graphs satisfying the β-triangle inequality
c({v,w}) ≤ β(c({v,u}) + c({u,w})),
for some cost function c and any three vertices u,v,w.
The well-known path matching Christofides algorithm (PMCA) guarantees an approximation
ratio of 3β2/2 and is the best known algorithm for the
Δβ-TSP, for 1 ≤ β ≤ 2. We
provide a complete analysis of the algorithm. First, we correct an error in the original
implementation that may produce an invalid solution. Using a worst-case example, we then
show that the algorithm cannot guarantee a better approximation ratio. The example can
also be used for the PMCA variants for the Hamiltonian path problem with zero and one
prespecified endpoints. For two prespecified endpoints, we cannot reuse the example, but
we construct another worst-case example to show the optimality of the analysis also in
this case.
Conditionals by inversion provide a universal method for the generation of conditional alleles
Authors: Economides Aris N. , Frendewey David , Yang Peter , Dominguez Melissa G. , Dore Anthony T. , Lobov Ivan B. , Persaud Trikaldarshi , Rojas Jose , McClain Joyce , Lengyel Peter , Droguett Gustavo , Chernomorsky Rostislav , Stevens Sean , Auerbach Wojtek , DeChiara Thomas M. , Pouyemirou William , Cruz Joseph M. , Feeley Kieran , Mellis Ian A. , Yasenchack Jason , Hatsell Sarah J. , Xie LiQin , Latres Esther , Huang Lily , Zhang Yuhong , Pefanis Evangelos , Skokos Dimitris , Deckelbaum Ron A. , Croll Susan D. , Davis Samuel , Valenzuela David M. , Gale Nicholas W. , Murphy Andrew J. , Yancopoulos George D. 
Published: August 2013

Significance
We describe conditional by inversion (COIN), a new design for conditional alleles that uses an optimized conditional gene trap module (COIN module) inserted into the target gene in an orientation opposite to the gene’s direction of transcription. Activation by Cre recombinase inverts the COIN module, resulting in expression of a reporter and termination of transcription, thereby inactivating the target gene while marking the cells where the conditional event has occurred. Creation of COIN alleles for more than 20 genes showed that it is a robust and universal method—applicable to any gene regardless of exon–intron structure—that overcomes the limitations of previous conditional approaches.
Inhibition of pluripotent stem cell-derived teratoma formation by small molecules
Authors: Lee Mi-Ok , Moon Sung Hwan , Jeong Ho-Chang , Yi Ji-Yeon , Lee Tae-Hee , Shim Sung Han , Rhee Yong-Hee , Lee Sang-Hun , Oh Seok-Jeong , Lee Moo-Yeol , Han Min-Joon , Cho Yee Sook , Chung Hyung-Min , Kim Kwang-Soo , Cha Hyuk-Jin 
Published: August 2013

SignificanceWe found that quercetin/YM155-induced selective cell death is sufficient to completely inhibit teratoma formation after transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cells. These data provide the first “proof of concept” that small-molecule targeting of hPSC-specific antiapoptotic pathway(s) is a viable strategy to prevent tumor formation by selectively eliminating remaining undifferentiated pluripotent cells for safe hPSC-based therapy.
Evaluation of Aging Structures for Silver Carp from Midwestern U.S. Rivers
Authors: Seibert Justin R. , Phelps Quinton E. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
To combat the potential deleterious effects that Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix have on native populations, management of this species is essential. Before developing population-level models, a determination of which aging structure for estimating the age of Silver Carp is needed. To our knowledge, no consensus has been reached on which structure should be used for estimating Silver Carp ages. We collected 120 Silver Carp from the Illinois, Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio rivers via electrofishing to evaluate aging structures. Removal time, processing time, and discernible annuli were evaluated for scales, opercles, vertebrae, pectoral fin rays, postcleithra, and asterisci and lapilli otoliths. Asteriscus otolith, opercle and scale annuli were difficult to discern and not evaluated further. Total processing times for postcleithra (246.1 s) and lapilli (251.2 s) were the most time-efficient; pectoral fin rays and vertebrae were more time intensive. Between-reader precision and agreement rates resulted in lapilli being the most precise, followed by postcleithra, pectoral fin rays, and vertebrae. Comparisons of structures with lapilli revealed that pectoral fin rays exhibited 78% agreement, 49% agreement with postcleithra, and 53% agreement for vertebrae. In terms of agreement ±1 year to lapilli, pectoral fin ray, postcleithrum, and vertebra resulted in high agreement (&gt;85%). Age bias plots revealed that these discrepancies consistently underestimated ages compared with lapilli. Discrepancies may be attributed to erosion of the central lumen of fin rays and postcleithra, while locating the first annulus on vertebrae may have led to this disparity. Based on previous studies, evaluation of overall processing times, assessment of between-reader precision, between-reader agreement rates, and bias that may be involved with alternative structures, we recommend lapilli otoliths be used for estimating age of Silver Carp. Future efforts should focus on validating accuracy of lapilli for estimating Silver Carp ages.
Received March 1, 2013; accepted June 5, 2013
Pclust: protein network visualization highlighting experimental data
Authors: Li Wenlin , Kinch Lisa N. , Grishin Nick V. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Summary: One approach to infer functions of new proteins from their homologs utilizes visualization of an all-against-all pairwise similarity network (A2ApsN) that exploits the speed of BLAST and avoids the complexity of multiple sequence alignment. However, identifying functions of the protein clusters in A2ApsN is never trivial, due to a lack of linking characterized proteins to their relevant information in current software packages. Given the database errors introduced by automatic annotation transfer, functional deduction should be made from proteins with experimental studies, i.e. ‘reference proteins’. Here, we present a web server, termed Pclust, which provides a user-friendly interface to visualize the A2ApsN, placing emphasis on such ‘reference proteins’ and providing access to their full information in source databases, e.g. articles in PubMed. The identification of ‘reference proteins’ and the ease of cross-database linkage will facilitate understanding the functions of protein clusters in the network, thus promoting interpretation of proteins of interest.
Availability: The Pclust server is freely available at http://prodata.swmed.edu/pclust
Contact: grishin@chop.swmed.edu
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Failure to eliminate overfishing and attain optimum yield in the New England groundfish fishery
Authors: Rothschild Brian J. , Keiley Emily F. , Jiao Yue 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Rothschild, B. J., Keiley, E. F., and Jiao, Y. 2014. Failure to eliminate overfishing and attain optimum yield in the New England groundfish fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 226–233. Under US law, fishery management is required to eliminate overfishing and attain optimum yield (OY). In New England, many groundfish stocks continue to be overfished, and the fishery continues to harvest less than OY. The reasons for the shortfalls are rooted in the socio-economic structure of the management regime, and technical and scientific issues that constrain the management system. The most recent change in the management regime (days-at-sea to catch shares) and performance relative to OY and the prevention of overfishing are analyzed along with metrics used to gauge performance. The commonly used age-based production model gives a problematic perception of stock abundance. Structural issues that seem to impair achieving OY are the adherence to the single-species interpretation of multiple-species yield and the use of the Fx% proxy. Simpler approaches to stock assessment are discussed. A management system that creates feasible goals and uses improved and simpler metrics to measure performance is needed to facilitate attainment of management goals.
Is subjective hyperhidrosis assessment sufficient enough? Prevalence of hyperhidrosis among young Polish adults
Authors: Stefaniak Tomasz , Tomaszewski Krzysztof A. , Proczko‐Markuszewska Monika , Idestal Anette , Royton Anders , Abi‐Khalil Christian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe aim of this work was to assess the prevalence of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis among young Polish adults. Additionally, this work aimed at comparing the subjective and objective (gravimetric) method of hyperhidrosis assessment. Healthy medical students, volunteering to take part in this study, were included. The participants filled out a questionnaire assessing the occurrence and subjective intensity of hyperhidrosis in different areas of the body. Additionally, the students were subjected to gravimetric assessment in four localizations: the face, palms, axillae and abdomino‐lumbar area. Two hundred and fifty‐three students (102 males and 151 females, mean age 24.3 ± 3.21 years) were included in the study. Forty‐two (16.7%) participants declared that they suffer from hyperhidrosis. Out of the 42 students declaring any type of hyperhidrosis, only 20 (47.6%) exceeded the gravimetric reference values. From among the students that exceeded the normative values for palmar hyperhidrosis, only 10 (55.6%) were aware of their hyperhidrosis. In the group of students that exceeded the normative values for axillary hyperhidrosis, 16 (39%) were aware of their hyperhidrosis. Subjectively declared hyperhidrosis incidence may significantly exceed the real‐life occurrence of this disease. Basing studies solely on data gathered from questionnaires, may lead to false results. It is imperative, when assessing patients suffering from hyperhidrosis, to use both objective and subjective methods of evaluation.
Serum interleukin‐22 and vascular endothelial growth factor serve as sensitive biomarkers but not as predictors of therapeutic response to biologics in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Shimauchi Takatoshi , Hirakawa Satoshi , Suzuki Takahiro , Yasuma Ayako , Majima Yuta , Tatsuno Kazuki , Yagi Hiroaki , Ito Taisuke , Tokura Yoshiki 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe T‐helper (Th)17 cell plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and several biological therapies have shown to be highly efficient in the treatment. However, some patients respond poorly to these therapies and may even develop paradoxical adverse effects. To evaluate the significance of serum immunological factors or circulating competent cells for biomarkers or predictors to biological therapies, we retrospectively analyzed 28 patients with psoriasis (19 psoriasis vulgaris, three pustular psoriasis and six psoriasis arthropathica). The numbers of patients treated with each agents were 16 for ustekinumab, six for adalimumab and six for infliximab. Patients were classified into three types according to the responsiveness: 13 patients were high‐responders showing a 75% or more reduction of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI); 10 patients were moderate‐responders showing PASI reduction of less than 75%; and five patients were non‐responders showing PASI elevation. During the treatments, serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐22 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were monitored. At baseline, serum IL‐22 levels were significantly higher in the psoriatic patients than the normal controls. Both serum IL‐22 and VEGF levels significantly correlated with PASI. After the treatment, the high‐responders showed significant decreases in serum IL‐22 and VEGF. On the other hand, serum IL‐22 levels in the non‐responders were elevated. However, the baseline levels of serum IL‐22 and VEGF were not significantly different between the three groups. These results suggest that serum IL‐22 and VEGF levels serve as sensitive biomarkers but not as predictors of therapeutic response to biologics in patients with psoriasis.
Developmental mechanism of juvenile coccygeal fibrosis (so‐called coccygeal pad)
Authors: Hashimoto Ichiro , Shono Yoshitaka , Ishida Soshi , Nakanishi Hideki 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCoccygeal pad is a nodular lesion in the sacrococcygeal area, typically involving a proliferation of collagen bundles. The etiology and optimal treatment remain unclear. We investigated the etiology using a systematic review of the available published work, two cases that we examined and treated, and measurements of body pressure in a sitting position in seven healthy volunteers. Forty‐two cases (34 male, eight female) from the published work were analyzed in terms of age at presentation and onset, clinical appearance, radiological findings, histopathological findings, treatment and etiology. Mean age at presentation was 18.6 years. The suspected age at onset in 30 cases (75%) ranged from elementary school to high school age. In terms of radiological findings, anterior dislocation of the coccyx was found in 79.5%. In terms of histopathological findings, marked thickening of the dermis due to the proliferation of collagen bundles was observed in all examined cases. No nodule recurrence was found after resection, even without surgical treatment of coccygeal bone prominence. Chronic stimulation on a sharply angulated sacrococcygeal joint was considered an etiologic factor in 79.4%. High pressure in the sacrococcygeal region in a relaxed sitting position on a hard school chair was shown in one of our cases and healthy children. This nodular lesion appears to represent a fibrous lesion related to chronic stimulation at school age. We propose a new name for this nodule, “juvenile coccygeal fibrosis”, based on the pathological presentation and age predilection.
Sudden Unexpected Death Due to Graves' Disease During Physical Altercation
Authors: Wei Dengming , Yuan Xiaogang , Yang Tiantong , Chang Lin , Zhang Xiang , Burke Allen , Fowler David , Li Ling 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe report a case of a 30‐year‐old woman who suddenly collapsed after having a physical altercation with her husband. Despite immediate resuscitation, she died on arrival at the hospital. The victim's parents requested an autopsy because they believed that their daughter was killed by her husband. Postmortem examination revealed that the victim had a diffusely enlarged thyroid gland and cardiomegaly with left ventricular hypertrophy. There was no evidence of significant trauma on the body. Further postmortem thyroid function tests and review of her medical history indicated that her death was due toGraves' disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported of sudden death due to cardiac arrhythmia from Graves' disease induced by physical and emotional stress associated with the criminal activity of another person. The autopsy findings are described. In addition, the literature is reviewed and the significance of postmortem evaluation of thyroid hormones in the cases of sudden death is discussed.
Experimental Effect of Shots Caused by Projectiles Fired from Air Guns with Kinetic Energy Below 17 J
Authors: Smędra‐Kaźmirska Anna , Barzdo Maciej , Kędzierski Maciej , Antoszczyk Łukasz , Szram Stefan , Berent Jarosław 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPursuant to the Polish Weapons and Ammunitions Law (Legal Gazette No 53/1999 item 549 with subsequent amendments), air guns with kinetic energy of the fired projectiles below 17 J are not regarded as weapons. The aim of the study was to assess the potential effect of shots caused by projectiles of various mass and structure fired from air guns with kinetic energy below 17 J on human soft tissues. As a model of soft tissue, we used 20% gelatin blocks. After shooting, we measured the depth of gelatin block penetration by pellets fired from various distances and compared these results with autopsy findings. The results demonstrated that examined pneumatic guns may cause serious injuries, including damage to the pleura, pericardium, liver, spleen, kidneys, femoral artery, and thoracic and abdominal aorta. Experiment shown that gelatin blocks do not reflect fully the properties of the human body.