bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Tablet Computers as a Survey Tool in Rural Communities
Authors: Newell Steve M. , Logan Henrietta L. , Guo Yi , Marks John G. , Shepperd James A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeAlthough tablet computers offer advantages in data collection over traditional paper‐and‐pencil methods, little research has examined whether the 2 formats yield similar responses, especially with underserved populations. We compared the 2 survey formats and tested whether participants’ responses to common health questionnaires or perceptions of usability differed by survey format. We also tested whether we could replicate established paper‐and‐pencil findings via tablet computer.MethodsWe recruited a sample of low‐income community members living in the rural southern United States. Participants were 170 residents (black = 49%; white = 36%; other races and missing data = 15%) drawn from 2 counties meeting Florida's state statutory definition of rural with 100 persons or fewer per square mile. We randomly assigned participants to complete scales (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Inventory and Regulatory Focus Questionnaire) along with survey format usability ratings via paper‐and‐pencil or tablet computer. All participants rated a series of previously validated posters using a tablet computer. Finally, participants completed comparisons of the survey formats and reported survey format preferences.FindingsParticipants preferred using the tablet computer and showed no significant differences between formats in mean responses, scale reliabilities, or in participants’ usability ratings.ConclusionsOverall, participants reported similar scales responses and usability ratings between formats. However, participants reported both preferring and enjoying responding via tablet computer more. Collectively, these findings are among the first data to show that tablet computers represent a suitable substitute among an underrepresented rural sample for paper‐and‐pencil methodology in survey research.
Effect of Work‐Related Factors on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Nurses and Secretaries
Authors: KAYA Yeliz , KAYA Coşkun , BASESKIOGLU Barbaros , OZERDOĞAN Nebahat , YENILMEZ Aydın , DEMIRÜSTÜ Canan 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between work‐related factors and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and to emphasize the vicious circle between symptoms and work conditions.MethodsThe Turkish version of the Nurse Bladder Survey was used to estimate the prevalence of LUTS and to assess the relationship between individual characteristics, personal habits and work‐related factors in nurses and secretaries who were working in Eskisehir Osmangazi University Hospital. The Turkish version of the Short Form 36 Health Survey was used to assess the nurses' and secretaries' health‐related quality of life (HRQL).ResultsOf the 281 women who participated in the study, 218 (77.5%) and 63 (22.5%) were nurses and secretaries, respectively. There were no significant differences in personal habits and work‐related factors between the nurses and secretaries. Of the study participants, 121 (43.1%) experienced at least one type of LUTS. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of any type of LUTS between the two groups. Only the mean scores of social functioning were significantly different for nurses and secretaries on the other aspects of HRQL in the SF‐36. When the nurses with LUTS and the secretaries with LUTS were compared, the secretaries had a greater score on the general health domain than nurses.ConclusionThere is a vicious circle between symptoms and work conditions. To prevent the working women from harmful effects of this circle, the employers should be aware of this health problem; working conditions should be improved; educational programs for LUTS should be organized and the working women should be encouraged to go to the health providers to seek treatment when the symptoms occurred.
Induction of Bladder Overactivity by Nerve Growth Factor in Testes in Rats: Possible Neural Crosstalk Between the Testes and Urinary Bladder
Authors: YOSHIOKA Katsuro , TANAHASHI Masayuki , TAKEDA Masahiro , MASUDA Noriyuki 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo clarify the pathophysiological factor underlying neural crosstalk among pelvic organs, we investigated the possible role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the neural crosstalk between the testes and urinary bladder.MethodsNerve growth factor (10, 30, and 100 µg/mL) or saline was injected into the testes of male Wistar rats. The change in bladder capacity via cystometry and duration of spontaneous scratching behavior induced by NGF in conscious rats was measured. The effects of pretreatment with capsaicin on NGF‐induced changes in bladder capacity and behavior were examined. Further, we evaluated the effect of analgesics, indomethacin and morphine, and pretreatment with compound 48/80 on NGF‐induced scratching behavior to elucidate the mechanism of the behavior.ResultsInjection of saline into the testes had no effect on bladder capacity or behavior. However, an injection of NGF (30 and 100 µg/mL) reduced bladder capacity, which was regarded as bladder overactivity, and evoked scratching behavior in a dose‐dependent manner. Pretreatment with capsaicin inhibited NGF‐induced bladder overactivity and scratching behavior. Neither indomethacin nor pretreatment with compound 48/80 affected the scratching behavior, but morphine inhibited the behavior.ConclusionsThe present study provides evidence of a possible new role of NGF in the testes regarding the activation of testicular primary afferent neurons mediated by capsaicin‐sensitive C‐fibers, which evokes bladder overactivity via neural crosstalk between the testes and the urinary bladder as well as testicular pain.
Microclimatic differentiation of gene pools in theLobaria pulmonariasymbiosis in a primeval forest landscape
Authors: Nadyeina Olga , Dymytrova Lyudmyla , Naumovych Anna , Postoyalkin Sergyi , Werth Silke , Cheenacharoen Saran , Scheidegger Christoph 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPopulation genetics of the tree‐colonizing lichenLobaria pulmonariawere studied in the largest primeval beech forest ofEurope, covering 10 000 ha. During an intensive survey of the area, we collected 1522 thallus fragments originating from 483 trees, which were genotyped with eight mycobiont‐ and 14 photobiont‐specific microsatellite markers. The mycobiont and photobiont ofL. pulmonariawere found to consist of two distinct gene pools, which are co‐existing within small areas of 3–180 ha in a homogeneous beech forest. The small‐scale distribution pattern of the symbiotic gene pools show habitat partitioning of lineages associated with either floodplains or mountain forests. Using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), we dated the divergence of the two fungal gene pools ofL. pulmonariaas theEarlyPleistocene. Both fungal gene pools survived thePleistocene glacial cycles in theCarpathians, although possibly in climatically different refugia. Fungal diversification prior to these cycles and the selection of photobionts with different altitudinal distributions explain the current sympatric, but ecologically differentiated habitat partitioning ofL. pulmonaria. In addition, the habitat preferences of the mycobiont are determined by other factors and are rather independent of those of the photobiont at the landscape level. The distinct gene pools should be considered evolutionarily significant units and deserve specific conservation priorities in the future, for example gene pool A, which is aPliocene relict.
Population genomics of the killer whale indicates ecotype evolution in sympatry involving both selection and drift
Authors: Moura Andre E. , Kenny John G. , Chaudhuri Roy , Hughes Margaret A. , J. Welch Andreanna , Reisinger Ryan R. , de Bruyn P. J. Nico , Dahlheim Marilyn E. , Hall Neil , Hoelzel A. Rus 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe evolution of diversity in the marine ecosystem is poorly understood, given the relatively high potential for connectivity, especially for highly mobile species such as whales and dolphins. The killer whale (Orcinus orca) has a worldwide distribution, and individual social groups travel over a wide geographic range. Even so, regional populations have been shown to be genetically differentiated, including among different foraging specialists (ecotypes) in sympatry. Given the strong matrifocal social structure of this species together with strong resource specializations, understanding the process of differentiation will require an understanding of the relative importance of both genetic drift and local adaptation. Here we provide a high‐resolution analysis based on nuclear single‐nucleotide polymorphic markers and inference about differentiation at both neutral loci and those potentially under selection. We find that all population comparisons, within or among foraging ecotypes, show significant differentiation, including populations in parapatry and sympatry. Loci putatively under selection show a different pattern of structure compared to neutral loci and are associated with gene ontology terms reflecting physiologically relevant functions (e.g. related to digestion). The pattern of differentiation for one ecotype in the North Pacific suggests local adaptation and shows some fixed differences among sympatric ecotypes. We suggest that differential habitat use and resource specializations have promoted sufficient isolation to allow differential evolution at neutral and functional loci, but that the process is recent and dependent on both selection and drift.
Healing of Granulomatous Skin Changes in Ataxia‐Telangiectasia After Treatment with Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Topical Mometasone 0.1% Ointment
Authors: Privette Emily D. , Ram Gita , Treat James R. , Yan Albert C. , Heimall Jennifer R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAtaxia‐telangiectasia (AT) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by faulty DNA damage repair. The disease affects multiple systems and is noted to be particularly difficult to diagnose in children because of the wide spectrum of clinical presentations. We present an unusual case of a child in whom the primary cutaneous manifestation of AT was noninfectious cutaneous caseating granulomas. A 3‐year‐old girl presented to the emergency department with ataxia, poor growth, and multiple ulcerated plaques on both upper extremities that had been present for 2 years. She had two prolonged hospitalizations and underwent extensive examination to identify an etiology for the skin lesions. She was diagnosed with AT after immunology examinaton and genetic testing. Outpatient intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy was initiated and she was prescribed twice‐daily mometasone 0.01% ointment under occlusion. After 6 weeks on this regimen her lesions had completely healed. Twenty‐two cases of AT have been reported in which patients presented with cutaneous granulomas. This report demonstrates the first reported case in which the granulomatous skin lesions of AT healed after aggressive application of topical steroids with concurrent IVIG therapy, without oral steroids. A brief review of cutaneous granulomas in the setting of immunodeficiency is also presented.
A practical target recognition system for close range photogrammetry
Authors: Shortis Mark R. , Seager James W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents details of a coded target system that employs polar coordinate transformation and segment matching to automatically recognise and identify targets in digital images. The code system is based on a square surrounding the central circular target and is described at a level of detail that would allow the system to be readily duplicated. Pre‐detection processes, developed to improve the success rate under unfavourable conditions, and the tests conducted to validate a correct target match, are described. Finally, the paper includes some examples of the use of the coded targets, drawn from a variety of calibration and measurement applications.
Stereo‐imaging network design for precise and dense 3d reconstruction
Authors: Ahmadabadian Ali Hosseininaveh , Robson Stuart , Boehm Jan , Shortis Mark 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a novel stereo‐imaging network design strategy comprising four steps: datum definition, optimum distance estimation, candidate camera position generation, and lastly clustering and selection of vantage viewpoints. An approximate 3D mesh model of an object from a quick low‐cost system is used in the first step of the method. An ellipsoid is fitted to the rough model in order to find a suitable imaging distance regarding range‐ and visibility‐related constraints for a stereopair. Next, a set of viewpoints is provided taking into account the ellipsoid and the calculated distance. Finally, camera positions and orientations are defined by clustering and choosing the vantage viewpoints. A system, called “imaging network designer” (IND), has been developed based on this method and is evaluated with two different tests. Results show that IND can provide an imaging network, which fulfils the expected precision for the entire object.
Enhanced expression of Toll‐like receptors 2 and 4, but not 9, in spleen tissue from patients with visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Kumar R. , Singh O. P. , Gautam S. , Nylen S. , Sundar S. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryToll‐like receptor (TLR) signalling is involved in first‐line defence against Leishmania parasites by triggering NF‐κB activation and downstream production of proinflammatory cytokines. Experimental models of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) support a protective role for TLRs 2, 4 and 9 in host immune responses to Leishmania infection. There are limited data available on expression of these TLRs in human VL, particularly in sites of infection, such as the spleen. This study aimed to determine whether the expression of mRNA encoding the expression of TLRs 2, 4 and 9 was altered in VL and compare expression patterns in splenic biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Efficacy of paced breathing for insomnia: Enhances vagal activity and improves sleep quality
Authors: Tsai H. J. , Kuo Terry B. J. , Lee Guo‐She , Yang Cheryl C. H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFourteen self‐reported insomniacs (SRI) and 14 good sleepers (GS) had their cardiac neuronal activity assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) under controlled respiration at a slow frequency rate of 0.1 Hz, and a forced rate of 0.2 Hz during daytime rest. Nighttime sleep was measured by polysomnography. The SRI showed depressed high frequency power of HRV compared to the GS. An increased total power of HRV was observed among the SRI during slow, paced breathing compared with spontaneous breathing and 0.2 Hz. Sleep onset latency, number of awakenings, and awakening time during sleep were decreased and sleep efficiency was increased if SRI practiced slow, paced breathing exercises for 20 min before going to sleep. Our results indicate that there is autonomic dysfunction among insomniacs, especially in relation to vagal activity; however, this decreased vagal activity can be facilitated by practicing slow, paced breathing, thereby improving sleep quality.
Support for the interruption and protection hypotheses of prepulse inhibition of startle: Evidence from a modified Attention Network Test
Authors: Blumenthal Terry D. , Reynolds J. Zachary , Spence Tamara E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe startle response may interrupt information processing (interruption hypothesis), and prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) may protect that processing from interruption (protection hypothesis). These hypotheses were tested by measuring startle eyeblinks during an Attention Network Test (ANT), a combined flanker and cue reaction time (RT) task that measures the efficiency of multiple attentional networks. ANT trials with and without startle stimuli presented in the interval between the visual cue (prepulse) and target were compared. Results showed that the startle stimulus served as an alerting stimulus, speeding RT in the ANT. However, this reaction time speeding was most pronounced on trials with no startle response (100% PPI). This suggests that the alerting effect of the startle stimulus was attenuated by the startle response, and that PPI decreased the degree of this interference, in support of the interruption and protection hypotheses.
Toward a ‘Catholic’ Reading of Kierkegaard
Authors: Furnal Joshua 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHistorically, some Catholic readers have been suspicious of Kierkegaard's writings; viewing him as an irrational Protestant irreconcilably at odds with Catholic thought. Nevertheless, the unexpected yet favorable mention of Kierkegaard in John Paul II's Fides et Ratio is an indication that Kierkegaard's writings are not so easily dismissed. One may be justified in asking: what account can be given to explain such a shift in how the Catholic reception of Kierkegaard changes from a polemical rejection to a papal endorsement during the 20th century? In this review essay, I will explore some recent Kierkegaard research that provides – or at least, provides some of the groundwork for – a positive ‘Catholic’ reading of Kierkegaard. Space does not permit an exhaustive exposition of each book, so I will highlight the salient features of each to underscore a new trend that is emerging in Kierkegaard studies.
God's Own Story? German Theology and Its Nineteenth‐Century Readers
Authors: Ledger‐Lomas Michael 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis review essay discusses two recent monographs on nineteenth‐century German theology and its transnational reception. The books under review assess attempts by German theologians to present their discipline as a science, which required them to present its subject matter as at once purely historical and of absolute significance for humanity. The result was an attractive but inherently unstable discipline, which oscillated between idealist and critical objectives and historical and systematic modes of argument. Its reception in the United States demonstrates both its multifaceted character, which appealed to theologians from a range of traditions, and also the way in which engagement with Germany offered theologians a means of modernizing and sometimes challenging the doctrinal assumptions and scholarly methods of those traditions.
The ‘Omnipresent’ Augustine
Authors: Toom Tarmo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis review article explores a new indispensable reference work on the reception of Augustine. It offers an overview of its content, structure, and methodology, as well as a critical assessment of its overall contribution to the study of Augustine. Goethe once remarked that, in the world, there are just a few voices, yet so many echoes. Augustine is definitely among the ‘few voices’, which have provoked all manner of friendly and unfriendly echoes. It is particularly important to realize that, apart from explicit citations and references in western literature, Augustine has also profoundly shaped medieval and modern culture through the subtle dissemination of his ideas into various spheres of life. This reference work not only provides a description of the current state of the reception of Augustine, but also adds the new results of the diligent work of the contributing researchers and identifies several topics that still need to be investigated.
Incipient vertical traction carpets within collapsed sinkhole fills
Authors: Broughton Paul L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSmall vertically oriented traction carpets are reported from the collapsed sandy fills of 100 m deep Devonian limestone sinkholes underlying the Lower Cretaceous Athabasca oil sands deposit in north‐eastern Alberta, Western Canada. Dissolution of 100 m of underlying halite salt beds caused cataclysmic collapse of the sinkhole floors and water saturated sinkhole sand fills to descend very rapidly. Turbulent currents flushed upper sinkhole fills of friable sandstone blocks and disaggregated sand and quartz pebble for tens of metres. Laminar deposits with inverse grading accumulated as many as six to eight curvilinear entrained pebble streaks, 10 to 30 cm long, vertically impinged against the sides of descending collapse blocks. These deposits were initiated as vertically oriented early stage traction carpets that interlocked fine sand grains and inversely graded overlying pebbles entrained below the dilute overlying turbulent flows. Vortexes that flushed these sinkhole fills and induced these depositional processes may have lasted only seconds before the very rapid descents abruptly halted. Some of the fabrics were suspended vertically in‐place and preserved from unlocking and obliteration. These small fabrics provide insight into the instability and ephemeral character of the transition from strong gravity‐driven grain falls to very early stages of traction carpet formation. These short‐lived deposits of very thin sand layers resulted from sufficient incipient frictional freezing that grain interlocking overcame, however briefly, the strong gravity drives of the vertical falls that would have otherwise dispersed grains and obliterated any organized fabric patterns. Tenuous frictionally locked grains were also suspended at the centres of hyperbolic grain fall flows that briefly developed between turbulent flow eddies, some of which were fortuitously preserved. Some of these suspended grain locking zones passed downward onto the relatively more stable surfaces of the rapidly descending block surfaces. The morphogenesis of these early stage traction carpets differ from more fully developed deposits elsewhere because of their short‐lived transport, dynamic instability and vertical orientation.