bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Hyperphagic Behavior in Patients With Dementia Living at Home
Authors: Chi Lu-Wen , Lin Shu-Chin , Chang Shu-Hua , Wu Hua-Shan 
Published: December 2014

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and patterns of and factors associated with hyperphagic behavior in Taiwanese patients with dementia living at home. Methods: A cross-sectional and correlational design was used. A total of 104 patients with dementia and their primary caregivers were recruited from the geriatric, neurology, and memory clinics of a regional hospital, a medical center and two day-care centers in central Taiwan. The data related to hyperphagic behavior, functional abilities, medical conditions, body weight, and demographic characteristics of patients as well as the demographic characteristics of their primary caregivers were collected between January and May 2013. Results: Based on a strict criterion (a median score of 3 for the hyperphagic subscale), the prevalence of hyperphagia in patients with dementia was 53.8%. Specific hyperphagic patterns exhibited included increased food intake (49% of patients with dementia), hoarding (8.7%), oral exploration (6.8%), and pica (3.9%). Years of education of the patient, the use of antipsychotics in patients, and the age of primary caregivers explained 16.3% of the variance in hyperphagic behavior subscale scores ( F = 6.47, p < .001). Conclusions: For the early identification and treatment of hyperphagic behavior in patients with dementia in home care or in clinic services provided by health professionals, specific attention should be paid to the usual eating behaviors of patients with lower levels of education or who are taking antipsychotic medication or those who have a female primary caregiver.
Host genetics and diet, but not immunoglobulin A expression, converge to shape compositional features of the gut microbiome in an advanced intercross population of mice
Authors: Leamy Larry J , Kelly Scott A , Nietfeldt Joseph , Legge Ryan M , Ma Fangrui , Hua Kunjie , Sinha Rohita , Peterson Daniel A , Walter Jens , Benson Andrew K , Pomp Daniel 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Background
Individuality in the species composition of the vertebrate gut microbiota is driven by a combination of host and environmental factors that have largely been studied independently. We studied the convergence of these factors in a G10 mouse population generated from a cross between two strains to search for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that affect gut microbiota composition or ileal Immunoglobulin A (IgA) expression in mice fed normal or high-fat diets.

Results
We found 42 microbiota-specific QTLs in 27 different genomic regions that affect the relative abundances of 39 taxa, including four QTL that were shared between this G10 population and the population previously studied at G4. Several of the G10 QTLs show apparent pleiotropy. Eight of these QTLs, including four at the same site on chromosome 9, show significant interaction with diet, implying that diet can modify the effects of some host loci on gut microbiome composition. Utilization patterns of IghV variable regions among IgA-specific mRNAs from ileal tissue are affected by 54 significant QTLs, most of which map to a segment of chromosome 12 spanning the Igh locus. Despite the effect of genetic variation on IghV utilization, we are unable to detect overlapping microbiota and IgA QTLs and there is no significant correlation between IgA variable pattern utilization and the abundance of any of the taxa from the fecal microbiota.

Conclusions
We conclude that host genetics and diet can converge to shape the gut microbiota, but host genetic effects are not manifested through differences in IgA production.
Tracking down the sources of experimental contamination in microbiome studies
Authors: Weiss Sophie , Amir Amnon , Hyde Embriette R , Metcalf Jessica L , Song Se Jin , Knight Rob 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA recent report warns that DNA extraction kits and other laboratory reagents are considerable sources of contamination in microbiome experiments. The issue of contamination is particularly problematic for samples of low biomass.See related research, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/12/87
Regioselective synthesis of 2-(bromomethyl)-5-aryl-thiophene derivatives viapalladium (0) catalyzed suzuki cross-coupling reactions: as antithrombotic and haemolytically active molecules
Authors: Rizwan Komal , Zubair Muhammad , Rasool Nasir , Ali Shaukat , Zahoor Ameer Fawad , Rana Usman Ali , Khan Salah Ud-Din , Shahid Muhammad , Zia-Ul-Haq Muhammad , Jaafar Hawa ZE 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
It is seen that the regioselective functionalizations of halogenated heterocycles play an important role in the synthesis of several types of organic compounds. In this domain, the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction has emerged as a convenient way to build carbon-carbon bonds in synthesizing organic compounds. Some of the most important applications of these reactions can be seen in the synthesis of natural products, and in designing targeted pharmaceutical compounds. Herein, we present the regioselective synthesis of the novel series of 2-(bromomethyl)-5-aryl-thiophenes 3a-i,
via Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of various aryl boronic acids with 2-bromo-5-(bromomethyl)thiophene (2).

Results
The synthesized compounds were screened for their haemolytic and antithrombolytic activities. The novel compounds 3f, 3i showed highest 69.7, 33.6% haemolysis of blood cells, respectively. The antithrombolytic activity of the compounds was found to be within low to moderate against human blood clot. The compound 3i showed potent clot lysis (31.5%).

Conclusions
Considering these results, it is concluded that the synthesized compounds can be used as a promising source of therapeutic agents.
Green tea polyphenol treatment is chondroprotective, anti-inflammatory and palliative in a mouse posttraumatic osteoarthritis model
Authors: Leong Daniel J , Choudhury Marwa , Hanstein Regina , Hirsh David M , Kim Sun Jin , Majeska Robert J , Schaffler Mitchell B , Hardin John A , Spray David C , Goldring Mary B , Cobelli Neil J , Sun Hui B 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol present in green tea, was shown to exert chondroprotective effects in vitro. In this study, we used a posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA) mouse model to test whether EGCG could slow the progression of OA and relieve OA-associated pain.

Methods
C57BL/6 mice were subjected to surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) or sham surgery. EGCG (25 mg/kg) or vehicle control was administered daily for 4 or 8 weeks by intraperitoneal injection starting on the day of surgery. OA severity was evaluated using Safranin O staining and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores, as well as by immunohistochemical analysis to detect cleaved aggrecan and type II collagen and expression of proteolytic enzymes matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5). Real-time PCR was performed to characterize the expression of genes critical for articular cartilage homeostasis. During the course of the experiments, tactile sensitivity testing (von Frey test) and open-field assays were used to evaluate pain behaviors associated with OA, and expression of pain expression markers and inflammatory cytokines in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was determined by real-time PCR.

Results
Four and eight weeks after DMM surgery, the cartilage in EGCG-treated mice exhibited less Safranin O loss and cartilage erosion, as well as lower OARSI scores compared to vehicle-treated controls, which was associated with reduced staining for aggrecan and type II collagen cleavage epitopes, and reduced staining for MMP-13 and ADAMTS5 in the articular cartilage. Articular cartilage in the EGCG-treated mice also exhibited reduced levels of Mmp1, Mmp3, Mmp8, Mmp13,Adamts5, interleukin 1 beta (Il1b) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnfa) mRNA and elevated gene expression of the MMP regulator Cbp/p300 interacting transactivator 2 (Cited2). Compared to vehicle controls, mice treated with EGCG exhibited reduced OA-associated pain, as indicated by higher locomotor behavior (that is, distance traveled). Moreover, expression of the chemokine receptor Ccr2 and proinflammatory cytokines Il1b and Tnfa in the DRG were significantly reduced to levels similar to those of sham-operated animals.

Conclusions
This study provides the first evidence in an OA animal model that EGCG significantly slows OA disease progression and exerts a palliative effect.
The effects of mite parasitism on the reproduction and survival of the Taiwan field mice (Apodemus semotus)
Authors: Lin Jhan-Wei , Lo Hsuan-Yi , Wang Hsi-Chieh , Shaner Pei-Jen Lee 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of parasitism on host survival and reproduction can be highly complex depending on the type of parasites, host sex and life-history characteristics, and ecological conditions. In this study, we tested sex-biased parasitism from Trombiculid mites (Acarina: Trombiculidae) and their sex-specific effects on host reproduction and survival, in a natural population of the Taiwan field mouse (Apodemus semotus). We performed surveys ofA. semotusand their Trombiculid mites between April 2010 and August 2011 and again between June and September 2012 in a subtropical evergreen forest in Taiwan.ResultsContrary to the commonly reported male-biased parasitism in mammals, we did not find sex-biased parasitism inA. semotus. We found that mite abundance was negatively associated withA. semotusreproduction and survival in both males and females. The mite abundance and rodent reproduction fluctuated seasonally, and the peak reproductive season coincided with the time period of relatively low mite abundance.ConclusionsTrombiculid mites could potentially regulateA. semotuspopulations through reducing their reproduction and survival. The overlapping periods of peak reproduction and low parasitism implied thatA. semotusmay adjust their reproductive phenology to avoid periods of high parasitism or be constrained by parasites to reproduce only during periods of low parasitism. Although our results are correlational, host breeding season has been shown to increase in response to experimental reduction of parasitism. We suggest that parasites may shape host reproduction phenology through which they may influence host population dynamics.
Pet owners’ perception and satisfaction of surgery services and outcomes at the Ashanti Regional Veterinary Clinic, Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Eyarefe Oghenemega , Emikpe Benjamin , Dei Dickson 
Published: December 2014

Aim: To study pet owners’ perception of surgery services and client satisfaction in Ghana in order to improve the quality of surgery services. Method: Self-administered questionnaires were administered to owners of pets that were presented for surgery at the Ashanti Region Veterinary Clinic (ARVC). Data generated were presented in percentages with their standard error of means. Result: 80% of the respondents were satisfied with the cost of surgical management, while 92% were satisfied with doctors’ staff attitude. Conclusion: The study revealed an overall client satisfaction of veterinary surgical services at the ARVC however surgeon–client communication need to be improved with respect to knowledge of surgical procedure prior to surgery. Periodic evaluation of veterinary services by service consumers should be encouraged to facilitate service improvement toward better animal healthcare delivery in Ghana.
Hydrodynamic investigation of fluvial sediment transport with Soil Protrusion Apparatus (SPA)
Authors: Jayaratne Ravindra , Salim Sarik 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn order to understand sediment transport process
based on knowledge of their soil properties and
hydrodynamic behaviour a series of 2D laboratory controlled
small-scale experiments were conducted using the
Ahlborn sediment mobile bed tank (4.0×0.6×0.2 m). Experiments
were conducted in smooth and rough bed conditions
with purposely-built Soil Protrusion Apparatus
(SPA) to measure the basic parameters on which erosion
depends. Sediment deposition patterns in equilibrium
stage associated with different bed roughness and particle
size distributionswere fundamentally investigated. Extended
physical modelling of crescent zones also included
analysing their grain size distribution. Dimensional analysis
and multiple linear regression methodswere employed
to derive a simple empirical relationship for erosion rate
(ER) in terms of the shear stress (τs), average grain diameter
(d50) and soil protrusion (z) for smooth and rough sediment
bed conditions. These analyses also suggest ways
to refine empirical models, examining transport rates to
explore the limits of erosion and deposition influences in
shallow flow conditions.
Potential of Cognitive Computing and Cognitive Systems
Authors: Noor Ahmed K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCognitive computing and cognitive technologies
are game changers for future engineering systems, as well
as for engineering practice and training. They are major
drivers for knowledge automation work, and the creation
of cognitive products with higher levels of intelligence
than current smart products.
This paper gives a brief review of cognitive computing
and some of the cognitive engineering systems activities.
The potential of cognitive technologies is outlined, along
with a brief description of future cognitive environments,
incorporating cognitive assistants - specialized proactive
intelligent software agents designed to follow and interact
with humans and other cognitive assistants across the
environments. The cognitive assistants engage, individually
or collectively, with humans through a combination
of adaptive multimodal interfaces, and advanced visualization
and navigation techniques.
The realization of future cognitive environments requires
the development of a cognitive innovation ecosystem for
the engineering workforce. The continuously expanding
major components of the ecosystem include integrated
knowledge discovery and exploitation facilities (incorporating
predictive and prescriptive big data analytics);
novel cognitive modeling and visual simulation facilities;
cognitive multimodal interfaces; and cognitive mobile and
wearable devices. The ecosystem will provide timely, engaging,
personalized / collaborative, learning and effective
decision making. It will stimulate creativity and innovation,
and prepare the participants to work in future cognitive
enterprises and develop new cognitive products of
increasing complexity.http://www.aee.odu.edu/cognitivecomp
Thermal and fluid flow characteristics in a tube equipped with peripherally-cut dual twisted tapes
Authors: Changcharoen W. , Somravysin P. , Eiamsa-ard S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article presents an experimental analysis of the turbulent flow of water in a heat exchanger tube fitted with peripherally-cut dual twisted tapes (PDTs) under a constant wall heat-flux condition. The peripherallycut dual twisted tapes with different cutting pitch ratios (l/y = 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0) were tested for Reynolds numbers in the range of 5400 to 14,000. The experimental results showed thatNusselt number and friction factor of the tubes fitted with PDTswere considerably higher than those of the plain tube and those of the tubes with single twisted tape (ST) and dual twisted tapes (DTs). It was found that PDTs with l/y = 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 gave higher heat transfer rate than the typical DTs, with average Nusselt numbers greater by 12.1%, 7.8% and 3.8%, respectively. For the range investigated, PDTs with the smallest l/y ratio offered the highest thermal performance factor of 1.14.
Classical and numerical approaches to determining V-section band clamp axial stiffness
Authors: Barrans Simon M. , Khodabakhshi Goodarz , Muller Matthias 
Published: December 2014

AbstractV-band clamp joints are used in a wide range of applications to connect circular flanges, for ducts, pipes and the turbocharger housing. Previous studies and research on V-bands are either purely empirical or analytical with limited applicability on the variety of V-band design and working conditions. In this paper models of the V-band are developed based on the classical theory of solid mechanics and the finite element method to study the behaviour of theV-bands under axial loading conditions. The good agreement between results from the developed FEA and the classical model support the suitability of the latter to modelV-band joints with diameters greater than 110mm under axial loading. The results from both models suggest that the axial stiffness for thisV-band cross section reaches a peak value for V-bands with radius of approximately 150 mmacross a wide range of coefficients of friction. Also, it is shown that the coefficient of friction and the wedge angle have a significant effect on the axial stiffness of V-bands.
Key is a llave is a Schlüssel: A failure to replicate an experiment from Boroditsky et al. 2003
Authors: Mickan Anne , Schiefke Maren , Stefanowitsch Anatol 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we present two attempts to replicate a widely-cited but never fully published experiment in which German and Spanish speakers were asked to associate adjectives with nouns of masculine and feminine grammatical gender (Boroditsky et al. 2003). The researchers claim that speakers associated more stereotypically female adjectives with grammatically feminine nouns and more stereotypically male adjectives with grammatically masculine nouns. We were not able to replicate the results either in a word association task or in an analogous primed lexical decision task. This suggests that the results of the original experiment were either an artifact of some non-documented aspect of the experimental procedure or a statistical fluke. The question whether speakers assign sex-based interpretations to grammatical gender categories at all cannot be answered definitively, as the results in the published literature vary considerably. However, our experiments show that if such an effect exists, it is not strong enough to be measured indirectly via the priming of adjectives by nouns.
Illness-conceptions in the persuasive sections of Hungarian medical recipes from the 16th and 17th centuries
Authors: Kuna Ágnes 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIllnesses and their names constitute a significant indicator of cultural levels, as they reveal a lot about the convictions, healing practices as well as the general state of medicine. Besides the naming of illnesses, their conceptualizations are also present in certain genres and text sections, which are, in turn, associated with specific functions. The present paper outlines illness-conceptions in 16th and 17th-century Hungarian medical recipes by means of a qualitative analysis of seven contemporary manuscripts in a cognitive linguistic framework.The investigation takes the schema of the recipes as the analytical framework, as it was one of the most typical genre within the medical discourse domain in the 16th and 17th centuries. A recurring topic of recipes is usefulness, which is elaborated along the ‘how-to-do-it’ function. We can observe three functional units in the text construction: the initiator, the instructional unit and the persuasion. The conceptual elaboration of illnesses typically occurs in the first and third units. In the initiators, it manifests through the names and symptoms of illnesses, while in the persuasive sections through the description of how the illness departs. The present paper concentrates on this last aspect and gives a detailed description of the conceptual categories concerning the departure of the disease (cleansing, easing, soothing, stopping, starting etc.), their frequency and co-ocurrence. The research attempts to give a discourse pragmatic approach to the topic, expanding on the semantic analysis based on the names of illnesses and the symptoms.
Romance verb-noun-conversions from a cognitive perspective
Authors: Umbreit Birgit 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper deals with V-N-conversion in the Romance languages from a cognitive and constructional perspective. In contrast to English, the Romance languages distinguish different types of V-N-conversion on the basis of morphological and semantic properties: a stem conversion type and two types of nominalized infinitives. The critical discussion of earlier cognitive approaches to conversion leads to a comprehensive synchronic and diachronic description of all Romance V-N-conversion types, taking into account both the differences with respect to boundedness and the occurrence of metonymic meanings. On these grounds the syntactic type of the nominalized infinitive is modeled within the framework of Construction Grammar and its lexicalization as an instance of constructional change.
wollen: On the verge between quotative and reportive evidential
Authors: Vanderbiesen Jeroen 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates certain uses of the German modal verb wollen ‘will, want’ (dubbed WILL) in which it relates non-firsthand information to a source, a function comparable to that of both reportive evidentiality and reported speech. The latter distinction is reframed in terms of a reportive-quotative opposition, and based on corpus-driven analysis the paper argues that WILL displays a combination of traits that warrant it the composite label “quoportive”. It is concluded that WILL, in its hybridity, is evidence for the existence of a category called “referral” which captures what is shared between evidentiality and reported speech.
Politik räumlich denken. Herodots drei Parteien in Attika und das politische Imaginaire der Griechen
Authors: Schmidt−Hofner Sebastian 
Published: December 2014

Zusammenfassung
In einer vieldiskutierten Passage schildert Herodot Athens innere Auseinandersetzungen im früheren 6. Jahrhundert v. Chr. als Konflikt dreier rivalisierender Regionen des Landes Attika, „Ebene“, „Küste“ und „Land hinter den Bergen“. Seit der Antike diskutiert man politische und sozioökonomische Erklärungen für diesen Regionenkonflikt, bislang jedoch ohne mehrheitsfähiges Ergebnis. Dieser Beitrag wählt einen anderen Zugang zu dem Problem. Er argumentiert, dass Herodots Erzählung von den regionalen Antagonismen eine im politischen Imaginaire der Griechen verbreitete metaphorische Denkfigur reproduziert (und daher wohl keine historische Begebenheit der Archaik wiedergeben dürfte), die komplexe oder abstrakte politische Sachverhalte oder Diskurse veranschaulichte, indem sie diese in einfache, lebensweltlich vertraute räumliche Schemata und Bilder übersetzte. Solche räumlichen Repräsentationen in politischen Zusammenhängen lassen sich, wie die Untersuchung an zahlreichen Beispielen der klassischen Zeit zeigt, auf breiter Basis nachweisen. Dies macht nicht nur auf eine Denkfigur im politischen Imaginaire der Griechen aufmerksam, die trotz ihrer Verbreitung bislang nur wenig Beachtung gefunden hat, sondern kann zudem Interesse im Rahmen der aktuellen Debatte um die Wechselbeziehung von Raum und Gesellschaft beanspruchen. Denn das vorgestellte Material liefert ein Beispiel für den in den Altertumswissenschaften in diesem Zusammenhang kaum behandelten Aspekt des Raums als Element der Kommunikation, d. h. dafür, wie räumliche Repräsentationen soziale und politische Wirklichkeit konstruieren und so handlungsleitend wirken.