bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving handover of patient care using a new weekend proforma with a focus on ceiling of care
Authors: Akhunbay-Fudge Christopher Yusuf , Buss Imogen , Ward Abigail , Snead Charlotte , Cole Miranda , Coulter Archie 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPatient handover is paramount for effective patient care and is often poorly documented or incomplete. North Bristol NHS Trust weekend handover proformas identify medical patients requiring weekend review. Many patients seen during on-call shifts are not handed over. Our aim was to develop Friday ward round proforma sheets for medical patients, to encourage clear documentation of management plans in order to improve handover of important information, particularly ceiling of care decisions.Questionnaires were completed by F1 doctors regarding current handover systems. Baseline data collected by on-call F1s included time of understanding a patient’s ceiling of care decision, and difficulty of comprehension of medical notes. Repeat data were collected with novel proformas in situ. Multiple cycles were performed to refine the sheets and target problems arising in their use.Ninety-three percent of F1s wanted improved patient handover, with ceiling of care (87%) and management plans (73%) being the most difficult areas to understand. Time taken to ascertain ceiling of care decisions improved with the introduction of Friday handover proformas; mean time 153 seconds before and 5 seconds after. Clarity and documentation of management plans improved, with 50% improvement in ease of understanding medical notes.Results demonstrate that introducing Friday ward round proformas for medical patients improves communication between weekday and on-call teams, highlights current escalation of care plans, and leads to faster decision-making. Future plans include the introduction of a short educational session to the new F1 doctors and continued progress with introduction into hospital stationary.
Preclinical Activity of Nanoliposomal Irinotecan Is Governed by Tumor Deposition and Intratumor Prodrug Conversion
Authors: Kalra Ashish V. , Kim Jaeyeon , Klinz Stephan G. , Paz Nancy , Cain Jason , Drummond Daryl C. , Nielsen Ulrik B. , Fitzgerald Jonathan B. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A major challenge in the clinical use of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics is maximizing efficacy in tumors while sparing normal tissue. Irinotecan is used for colorectal cancer treatment but the extent of its use is limited by toxic side effects. Liposomal delivery systems offer tools to modify pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of cytotoxic drugs. In this study, we defined parameters that maximize the antitumor activity of a nanoliposomal formulation of irinotecan (nal-IRI). In a mouse xenograft model of human colon carcinoma, nal-IRI dosing could achieve higher intratumoral levels of the prodrug irinotecan and its active metabolite SN-38 compared with free irinotecan. For example, nal-IRI administered at doses 5-fold lower than free irinotecan achieved similar intratumoral exposure of SN-38 but with superior antitumor activity. Tumor response and pharmacokinetic modeling identified the duration for which concentrations of SN-38 persisted above a critical intratumoral threshold of 120 nmol/L as determinant for antitumor activity. We identified tumor permeability and carboxylesterase activity needed for prodrug activation as critical factors in achieving longer duration of SN-38 in tumors. Simulations varying tumor permeability and carboxylesterase activity predicted a concave increase in tumor SN-38 duration, which was confirmed experimentally in 13 tumor xenograft models. Tumors in which higher SN-38 duration was achieved displayed more robust growth inhibition compared with tumors with lower SN-38 duration, confirming the importance of this factor in drug response. Overall, our work shows how liposomal encapsulation of irinotecan can safely improve its antitumor activity in preclinical models by enhancing accumulation of its active metabolite within the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res; 74(23); 7003–13. ©2014 AACR.
IGF2 Preserves Osteosarcoma Cell Survival by Creating an Autophagic State of Dormancy That Protects Cells against Chemotherapeutic Stress
Authors: Shimizu Takatsune , Sugihara Eiji , Yamaguchi-Iwai Sayaka , Tamaki Sakura , Koyama Yuko , Kamel Walied , Ueki Arisa , Ishikawa Tomoki , Chiyoda Tatsuyuki , Osuka Satoru , Onishi Nobuyuki , Ikeda Hiroko , Kamei Junzo , Matsuo Koichi , Fukuchi Yumi , Nagai Toshihiro , Toguchida Junya , Toyama Yoshiaki , Muto Akihiro , Saya Hideyuki 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents characterized by intrinsic therapeutic resistance. The IGF2 is expressed at elevated levels in osteosarcoma after treatment with chemotherapy, prompting an examination of its functional contributions to resistance. We found that continuous exposure to IGF2 or insulin in the absence of serum created a dormant growth state in osteosarcoma cells that conferred resistance to various chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro. Mechanistic investigations revealed that this dormant state correlated with downregulation of downstream signaling by the IGF1 receptor, heightened cell survival, enhanced autophagy, and the presence of extracellular glutamine. Notably, inhibiting autophagy or depleting glutamine was sufficient to increase chemotherapeutic sensitivity in osteosarcoma xenografts in mice. Clinically, we confirmed that IGF expression levels were elevated in human osteosarcoma specimens from patients who received chemotherapy. Together, our results suggest that activation of IGF or insulin signaling preserves the survival of osteosarcoma cells under chemotherapeutic stress, providing a drug-resistant population that may engender minimal residual disease. Attenuating this survival mechanism may help overcome therapeutic resistance in osteosarcoma. Cancer Res; 74(22); 6531–41. ©2014 AACR.
Half-life extension technologies for haemostatic agents
Authors: Mannuccio Pier Mannucci 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe use of plasma-derived and recombinant coagulation factors for the treatment of haemophilia A and B is well established and permits patients to live a relatively normal life. In order to improve treatment options, several products are in development, which have a prolonged duration of action, thus enabling less frequent prophylactic dosing and aiming to reduce the burden of treatment. Several innovative approaches are being pursued to extend the half-life of factor VIIa, factor VIII and factor IX, utilising technologies such as Fc fusion, recombinant albumin fusion and addition of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) (PEG ylation). These methods prolong the time in the circulation by reducing degradation and elimination. This review summarises the technologies and products in development and their stages of development, and also discusses their pros and cons.
Red cell distribution width is associated with incident venous thromboembolism (VTE) and case-fatality after VTE in a general population
Authors: Lappegård Jostein , Skjelbakken Tove , Brækkan Sigrid , Hansen John-Bjarne , Ellingsen Trygve S. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryRecent studies suggest an association between red cell distribution width (RDW) and incident venous thromboembolism (VTE). We aimed to investigate the impact of RDW on risk of incident and recurrent VTE, and case-fatality, in a general population. RDW was measured in 26,223 participants enrolled in the Tromsø Study in 1994–1995. Incident and recurrent VTE events and deaths during follow-up were registered until January 1, 2012. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). There were 647 incident VTE events during a median of 16.8 years of follow-up. Individuals with RDW in the highest quartile (RDW≥13.3%) had 50% higher risk of an incident VTE than those in the lowest quartile (RDW≤12.3%). The association was strongest for unprovoked deep-vein thrombosis (HR highest vs lowest quartile of RDW: 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–3.1). VTE patients with baseline RDW≥13.3% had 30% higher risk of all-cause mortality after the initial VTE event than VTE patients with RDW<13.3%. There were no association between RDW and risk of recurrent VTE. Our findings suggest that high RDW is a risk factor of incident VTE, and that RDW is a predictor of all-cause mortality in VTE patients.
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Emergency Department Patients With Negative Cardiac Biomarkers
Authors: Cremer Paul C. , Khalaf Shaden , Agarwal Shikhar , Mayer-Sabik Ellen , Ellis Stephen G. , Menon Venu , Cerqueira Manuel D. , Jaber Wael A. 
Published: October 2014

Background—
In patients with possible acute coronary syndromes, guidelines recommend routine provocative testing after negative cardiac biomarkers. We hypothesized that myocardial perfusion imaging would be low yield with limited short-term value and that early revascularization would not affect mortality.

Methods and Results—

We identified consecutive patients referred from our emergency department between October 2004 and September 2011 who had myocardial perfusion imaging after negative troponin T tests and nondiagnostic ECGs. We assessed the incidence of abnormal myocardial perfusion imaging, coronary angiography, revascularization, and mortality. In a cohort of 5354 patients (58.7% female, age 59±13, 78.6% thrombolysis in myocardial infarction [TIMI] ≤2), 9% had >5% and 3.6% had >10% ischemic myocardium. Among patients with TIMI scores ≤2, 6.1% had >5% ischemic myocardium compared with 19.6% of patients with TIMI scores ≥3 (
P
<0.001). At 30 days, 7 patients were deceased, 187 had revascularization, and 6 had revascularization for an acute myocardial infarction. Over 3.4±1.9 years of follow-up, 347 patients died. In propensity-matched groups of patients with ischemia, there was no association between early revascularization and mortality (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–2.07).

Conclusions—
Routine provocative testing to detect ischemia before emergency department discharge is low yield in patients with negative troponins and TIMI scores ≤2 and modest yield in patients with TIMI scores ≥3. In all patients, 30 days events are rare. Finally, in patients with ischemia, we are unable to demonstrate a mortality benefit with early revascularization.
Temporal Trends in Coverage of Historical Cardiac Arrests Using a Volunteer-Based Network of Automated External Defibrillators Accessible to Laypersons and Emergency Dispatch Centers
Authors: Hansen Carolina Malta , Lippert Freddy Knudsen , Wissenberg Mads , Weeke Peter , Zinckernagel Line , Ruwald Martin H. , Karlsson Lena , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Nielsen Søren Loumann , Køber Lars , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Folke Fredrik 
Published: October 2014

Background—
Although increased dissemination of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) has been associated with more frequent AED use, the trade-off between the number of deployed AEDs and coverage of cardiac arrests remains unclear. We investigated how volunteer-based AED dissemination affected public cardiac arrest coverage in high- and low-risk areas.

Methods and Results—
All public cardiac arrests (1994–2011) and all registered AEDs (2007–2011) in Copenhagen, Denmark, were identified and geocoded. AED coverage of cardiac arrests was defined as historical arrests ≤100 m from an AED. High-risk areas were defined as those with ≥1 arrest every 2 years and accounted for 1.0% of the total city area. Of 1864 cardiac arrests, 18.0% (n=335) occurred in high-risk areas throughout the study period. From 2007 to 2011, the number of AEDs and the corresponding coverage of cardiac arrests increased from 36 to 552 and from 2.7% to 32.6%, respectively. The corresponding increase for high-risk areas was from 1 to 30 AEDs and coverage from 5.7% to 51.3%, respectively. Since the establishment of the AED network (2007–2011), few arrests (n=55) have occurred ≤100 m from an AED with only 14.5% (n=8) being defibrillated before the arrival of emergency medical services.

Conclusions—
Despite the lack of a coordinated public access defibrillation program, the number of AEDs increased 15-fold with a corresponding increase in cardiac arrest coverage from 2.7% to 32.6% over a 5-year period. The highest increase in coverage was observed in high-risk areas (from 5.7% to 51.3%). AED networks can be used as useful tools to optimize AED placement in community settings.
Ideal Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Xanthakis Vanessa , Enserro Danielle M. , Murabito Joanne M. , Polak Joseph F. , Wollert Kai C , Januzzi James L. , Wang Thomas J. , Tofler Geoffrey , Vasan Ramachandran S. 
Published: October 2014

Background—
The American Heart Association Cardiovascular Health score (CVH score) is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, but the mechanisms underlying this association warrant exploration.

Methods and Results—

We related the CVH score to circulating biomarkers and prevalent subclinical CVD (defined as ≥1 of the following: increased carotid intima-media thickness or stenosis, left ventricular hypertrophy [by ECG or echocardiography], left ventricular systolic dysfunction, microalbuminuria, and a reduced ankle-brachial index) in 2680 Framingham Study participants (mean age, 58 years; 55% women). After adjustment for age and sex, an ideal CVH score (nonsmoking status, ideal body mass index, regular physical activity, healthy diet, and an optimal profile of serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose; 1 point for each) was associated with higher circulating concentrations of natriuretic peptides (N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide) and lower blood concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, aldosterone, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, fibrinogen, homocysteine, and growth differentiation factor-15 levels (
P
<0.001 for all), as well as lower odds of subclinical disease (odds ratio, 0.74 per 1-unit increase in CVH score; 95% confidence interval, 0.68–0.80). The incidence of CVD (267 events over 16 years) was inversely associated with the CVH score in age- and sex-adjusted models (hazard ratio, 0.77 per 1-unit increase in CVH score; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.86), which was slightly attenuated upon adjustment for biomarkers and subclinical disease (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–0.97).

Conclusion—
In our prospective community-based study, the inverse association between an ideal cardiovascular health score and CVD incidence was partly attributable to its favorable impact on CVD biomarker levels and subclinical disease.
Growth hormone receptor signaling is dispensable for HSC function and aging
Authors: Stewart Morag H. , Gutierrez-Martinez Paula , Beerman Isabel , Garrison Brian , Gallagher Emily J. , LeRoith Derek , Rossi Derrick J. 
Published: October 2014

Key Points
Ghr is specifically expressed on HSCs within the hematopoietic system and is dynamically regulated upon HSC aging and activation. Ghr is dispensable for HSC function.
Superimposed algorithms for the split equilibrium problems and fixed point problems
Authors: Zhu Li-Jun , Yao Zhangsong , Liou Yeong-Cheng , Yao Yonghong 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The split common problems for finding the equilibrium points and fixed points have been studied. A parallel superimposed algorithm is introduced to solve this split common problem. Strong convergence theorems are shown with some analysis techniques.

MSC:49J30, 47H09, 65K10.
Risk of contralateral second primary breast cancer according to hormone receptor status in Germany
Authors: Rusner Carsten , Wolf Katharina , Bandemer-Greulich Ulrike , Engel Jutta , Stegmaier Christa , Holleczek Bernd , Schubert-Fritschle Gabriele , Tillack Anett , Stang Andreas 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Hormone receptor (HR) status has become an established target in treatment strategies of breast cancer. Population-based estimates of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) incidence by HR subtype in particular are limited. The aim of this study was to provide detailed data on CBC incidence for Germany.

Methods
Invasive breast cancer data were extracted on 49,804 women yielding 594 second primaries from the cancer registries of the Federal States of Brandenburg and Saarland and the area of Munich for the period from 1998 to 2007. Multiple imputation was used on missing values for HR status. We estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).

Results
SIR estimates of CBC among women diagnosed with an invasive first primary breast cancer (FBC) of any HR subtype ranged from 1.0 to 1.5 in the three registries. Pooling three registries’ data, the SIR of HR-positive CBC was 0.7 (95%CI: 0.6 to 0.8) among women with HR-positive FBC. For those women with HR-negative FBC, the SIR of HR-negative CBC was 8.9 (95%CI: 7.1 to 11.1). Among women with FBC diagnosed before the age of 50 years, incidence of CBC was increased, especially for HR-negative FBC (SIR: 9.2; 95%CI: 7.1 to 11.9).

Conclusions
HR status of the first primary and age at first diagnosis is relevant for predicting risk of CBC. Particularly, patients with HR-negative FBC had elevated risks.
Benchmarking biofuels—a comparison of technical, economic and environmental indicators
Authors: Müller-Langer Franziska , Majer Stefan , O'Keeffe Sinéad 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The global demand for energy, particularly for transport fuels, will continue to increase significantly in the future. In addition to other options, like increased technological efficiencies, traffic reduction or modal shift, biofuels are promoted to contribute strongly to the transport sector in the years to come. Biofuels are also promoted as part of the EU strategy for decarbonising the transport sector with the aim of reducing associated GHG emissions. This paper considers some of the most important biofuels. A selection of biofuel options (biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethane, hydrotreated vegetable oils and fats, lignocellulosic-based fuels) were characterised by their conversion technologies and stage of development. They were analysed, concerning technical (overall efficiency), economic (investments and biofuel production costs) and environmental aspects (GHG performance). Additionally, GHG mitigation costs were calculated with regard to the GHG-based biofuel quota.
The Vegetative Status Correction in the Patients with Chronic Dyscirculatory Encephalopathy on the Sanatorium Rehabilitation Stage
Authors: Куликов  , Kulikov N. , Череващенко  , Cherevashchenko Lyubov , Череващенко  , Cherevashchenko I. 
Published: October 2014

Among vascular brain diseases a special place in its importance takes chronic cerebrovascular pathology in the form of dyscirculatory encephalopathy. The most frequently affected cerebral structures with discirculatory encephalopathy are those parts of the brain that are largely responsible for shaping over segmental vegetative disorders, which are characteristic of clinics chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency. The purpose of this work is to develop a new modern high technology of sanatorium rehabilitation of the patients with circulatory encephalopathy on stage I and to correct autonomic imbalance. The authors observed 60 patients who were divided into 2 groups. The control group received radon baths, the patients from the main group in addition to radon baths received laser therapy paravertebrally C1-Th3, according to scanning technique. In all patients before and after treatment the state of the autonomic nervous system studied. It was found that the initial manifestations of vascular encephalopathy accompanied by autonomic imbalance with a predominance of sympathetic tone, activation and inhibition effects of ergotrop activities segmental systems, primarily due to the parasympathetic division. The results of this study demonstrate feasibility of incorporating laser therapy in complex radon baths for rehabilitation of patients with circulatory encephalopathy autonomic imbalance. The findings suggest that improving the functional state mechanisms vegetative maintenance activities, which help to eliminate the state of surge and flow of adaptive reactions in the body.
DNA Ligase-Based Strategy for Quantifying Heterogeneous DNA Methylation without Sequencing
Authors: Wee Eugene J H , Rauf Sakandar , Shiddiky Muhammad J A , Dobrovic Alexander , Trau Matt 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
DNA methylation is a potential source of disease biomarkers. Typically, methylation levels are measured at individual cytosine/guanine (CpG) sites or over a short region of interest. However, regions of interest often show heterogeneous methylation comprising multiple patterns of methylation (epialleles) on individual DNA strands. Heterogeneous methylation is largely ignored because digital methods are required to deconvolute these usually complex patterns of epialleles. Currently, only single-molecule approaches, such as next generation sequencing (NGS), can provide detailed epiallele information. Because NGS is not yet feasible for routine practice, we developed a single-molecule–like approach, named for epiallele quantification (EpiQ).

METHODS
EpiQ uses DNA ligases and the enhanced thermal instability of short (≤19 bases) mismatched DNA probes for the relative quantification of epialleles. The assay was developed using fluorescent detection on a gel and then adapted for electrochemical detection on a microfabricated device. NGS was used to validate the analytical accuracy of EpiQ.

RESULTS
In this proof of principle study, EpiQ detected with 90%–95% specificity each of the 8 possible epialleles for a 3-CpG cluster at the promoter region of the CDKN2B (p15) tumor suppressor gene. EpiQ successfully profiled heterogeneous methylation patterns in clinically derived samples, and the results were cross-validated with NGS.

CONCLUSIONS
EpiQ is a potential alternative tool for characterizing heterogeneous methylation, thus facilitating its use as a biomarker. EpiQ was developed on a gel-based assay but can also easily be adapted for miniaturized chip-based platforms.
Modern antiquity: An introduction to Athenian metropolitan modernity
Authors: Giannakopoulou Georgia 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This essay discusses the ways in which an idealized image of classical Athens contributed towards the formation of a city in which the coexistence between the ancient and the modern, old and new convey a unique urban experience. This ‘modern antiquity’, or the socially constructed and aesthetically perceived image of the city’s past as exclusively classical was promoted by a number of different actors, from German classicists who never visited Greece, English and French travellers, to Greek governments and communities of city dwellers. The essay focuses on the role of the latter two categories in the building of modern Athens and explores three spheres where the emphasis on antiquity redefined the city’s past and hindered its modernization, namely royal decrees, local and national governmental obstructions to an organized city plan, and the various perceptions of the city’s concrete apartment buildings.
Vitalization and spectacle in Thanassis Rentzis’s Bio-Graphia and Corpus
Authors: Vassiliou Konstantinos 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Thanassis Rentzis’s work offers an investigation into the nature of the cinematic medium and the constellations of industry, spectacle and subjectivity, most explicitly demonstrated in two films he made in the 1970s, Bio-Graphia (1975) and Corpus (1979). Largely influenced by collage and pre-cinematic techniques, these are the most essayistic of Rentzis’s films and they set out to trace human sensibilities that were central to the rise of audio-visual culture. Their main themes concern the fragmentation of representation in modernity, and correspondingly, a mutual constitution of the audio-visual with interactions throughout social life. The article will argue that the films do not insist on spectacle as a negation of life, but on a vitalist approach of audio-visuality whereby the dissemination of images relies on physiological and perceptual modes of spectatorship.