bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term fish assemblages respond to habitat and niche breadth in the West Fork White River, Indiana
Authors: Jacquemin Stephen J. , Doll Jason C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIdentification of patterns in community structure is a central theme in freshwater ecology. Our objectives were to identify temporal patterns in fish assemblages from 1980 to 2010 in the West Fork White River in east‐central Indiana using the Malthusian growth model and determine whether changes in the population growth rate parameter were related to Grinnellian niche breadth. We studied local‐scale fish assemblages in a Midwestern United States river at 16 sites for a period of 30 years. We used a hierarchical model to estimate population abundance parameters of the Malthusian growth model. Niche breadth was incorporated as a model parameter to explain variation in the population growth rate. Parameters of the model were fit using Bayesian inference. We identified notable changes in the fish assemblages; however, the patterns for temporal trends in individual species abundances were not conserved across sites. Decreasing trends were observed in longear sunfish, striped shiner, white sucker, central stoneroller, common carp and creek chub while bluegill and mimic shiner increased in abundance. Longear sunfish was the only species that exhibited the same trend in abundance for all sites. Niche breadth was inversely related to the population growth rate at sites adjacent to low‐head dam impoundments. We suggest that the presence of multiple impoundments has resulted in a fragmented series of fish assemblages.
Evidence for self‐association of the alternative sigma factor σ54
Authors: Sabbatini Massimo , Vezzoli Alessandro , Milani Mario , Bertoni Giovanni 
Published: January 2013

Sigma factor σ54 has a distinct modus operandi for mediating the activation of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) at promoter recognition motifs 12 and 24 bp upstream from transcription start sites. σ54 was thought to act as monomer in all transcription steps. However, we provide evidence that σ54 of Pseudomonas putida interacts stably with itself. The interface between monomers involves contacts in σ54 regions I and III, sequences that play key roles in the transcription activation of σ54–RNAP holoenzyme. These roles include interactions with activator proteins and the −12 and −24 motifs. In particular, we detected inter‐monomer contacts between region I, and between region I and the C–terminal portion of region III. Our results suggest a new auto‐antagonistic regulatory state of σ54.Structured digital abstract

σ54 and σ54 bind by molecular sieving (View Interaction: 1, 2)

σ54 and σ54 bind by blue native page (View interaction)

P. aeruginosa σ54 physically interacts with P. aeruginosa σ54 by two hybrid (View interaction)

σ54 physically interacts with σ54 by two hybrid (View Interaction: 1, 2, 3)

p53 physically interacts with SV40T by two hybrid (View interaction)
Descriptors of natural thermal regimes in streams and their responsiveness to change in the Pacific Northwest of North America
Authors: ARISMENDI IVAN , JOHNSON SHERRI L. , DUNHAM JASON B. , HAGGERTY ROY 
Published: January 2013

Summary1. Temperature is a major driver of ecological processes in stream ecosystems, yet the dynamics of thermal regimes remain poorly described. Most work has focused on relatively simple descriptors that fail to capture the full range of conditions that characterise thermal regimes of streams across seasons or throughout the year.2. To more completely describe thermal regimes, we developed several descriptors of magnitude, variability, frequency, duration and timing of thermal events throughout a year. We evaluated how these descriptors change over time using long‐term (1979–2009), continuous temperature data from five relatively undisturbed cold‐water streams in western Oregon, U.S.A. In addition to trends for each descriptor, we evaluated similarities among them, as well as patterns of spatial coherence, and temporal synchrony.3. Using different groups of descriptors, we were able to more fully capture distinct aspects of the full range of variability in thermal regimes across space and time. A subset of descriptors showed both higher coherence and synchrony and, thus, an appropriate level of responsiveness to examine evidence of regional climatic influences on thermal regimes. Most notably, daily minimum values during winter–spring were the most responsive descriptors to potential climatic influences.4. Overall, thermal regimes in streams we studied showed high frequency and low variability of cold temperatures during the cold‐water period in winter and spring, and high frequency and high variability of warm temperatures during the warm‐water period in summer and autumn. The cold and warm periods differed in the distribution of events with a higher frequency and longer duration of warm events in summer than cold events in winter. The cold period exhibited lower variability in the duration of events, but showed more variability in timing.5. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of a year‐round perspective in identifying the most responsive characteristics or descriptors of thermal regimes in streams. The descriptors we provide herein can be applied across hydro‐ecological regions to evaluate spatial and temporal patterns in thermal regimes. Evaluation of coherence and synchrony of different components of thermal regimes can facilitate identification of impacts of regional climate variability or local human or natural influences.
Strategies for the conservation and management of isolated salmonid populations: lessons from Japanese streams
Authors: TSUBOI JUN‐ICHI , IWATA TOMOYA , MORITA KENTARO , ENDOU SHINSUKE , OOHAMA HIDEKI , KAJI KOUICHI 
Published: January 2013

Summary1. Endangered native populations of stream salmonids in Japan face three major threats: (i) negative interactions with introduced hatchery‐reared fish, (ii) fragmentation of habitat by impassable dams and (iii) recreational angling.2. To prevent imminent extinction of many local populations, we evaluated these threats and possible conservation actions for red‐spotted masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae) and white‐spotted charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus) in the Fuji River system in central Japan.3. Red‐spotted masu salmon and white‐spotted charr occupied only 0.73 and 2.4% of suitable thermal habitats, respectively, with masu salmon typically occupying habitats closer to human population centres.4. Population viability analysis resulted in a 100‐year probability of extinction of 78.1% for masu salmon and 48.1% for charr. However, extinction risk of both species was predicted to be <5% if the carrying capacity increased from 141 to 303 for masu salmon and from 94 to 125 for charr, by allowing fish passage at the lower end of the habitat, and if annual adult survival rate increased by 0.04. Adult survival rate was the principal factor associated with population persistence.5. To conserve isolated populations of stream‐dwelling salmonids, we recommend (i) assessing the distribution of remnant native and non‐native fish populations, (ii) that fishing regulations are modified to improve adult survival and population persistence and (iii) that fragmented reaches be reconnected to adjacent habitat, for example by removing or modifying artificial barriers to increase the carrying capacity of the isolated populations. Reconnection of fragmented reaches should, however, be avoided if it results in non‐native fish invading isolated populations.
Effectiveness of three antimicrobial mouthrinses on the disinfection of toothbrushes stored in closed containers: a randomized clinical investigation by DNA Checkerboard and Culture
Authors: Nascimento Cássio do , Sorgini Maíra Balero , Pita Murillo Sucena , Fernandes Flávio Henrique Carriço Nogueira , Calefi Paulo Linares , Watanabe Evandro , Pedrazzi Vinícius 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesThe aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the efficacy of three antimicrobial solutions on the disinfection of toothbrushes after storage in closed containers.Materials and MethodsSixteen healthy subjects were enroled in this randomized cross‐over clinical investigation. The study was conducted in four phases, in which mouthrinses (chlorhexidine gluconate‐based or cetilpiridinium‐based) and sterile tap water (control group) were used to individually store used toothbrushes in closed containers during 7 days of toothbrushing. Five toothbrushes were used as negative control for bacterial colonisation before contact with oral cavity. Conventional culture and DNA Checkerboard hybridization were used to detect bacterial contamination on the toothbrushes. Subsequently, the number of bacterial species on the bristles was estimated by the DNA Checkerboard method.ResultsOne toothbrush presented bacterial contamination in the negative control test. Both culture and DNA Checkerboard showed positive signals of bacterial contamination in the toothbrushes with no differences in the frequency of detection. The control group showed higher total bacterial counts when compared with the mouthrinse groups. Porphyromonas gingivalis had the highest bacterial count followed by Parvimonas micra.ConclusionCulture and DNA Checkerboard showed positive signals of bacterial contamination. Mouthrinses that contains 0.12% of chlorhexidine gluconate were more effective in reducing bacterial colonisation on the toothbrushes.
RADIO LUXEMBOURG IN PEACE AND WAR
Authors: Newton Gerald 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe article traces the development of commercial broadcasting in the 1930s from Radio Luxembourg, the high‐power commercial station located in Luxembourg and supposedly biased towards French propaganda, depicting how both the Third Reich and the BBC treated it with hostility. When on 8 May 1940 Luxembourg, a neutral country since 1867, fell into the hands of Nazi Germany, the transmitter became part of the German Reichssender network, and remained so until Liberation in September 1944, whereafter it was taken over as a United Nations transmitter under control of SHAEF, until finally being returned to the Radio Luxembourg Company on 12 November 1945, and once more transmitted, as before the war, programmes in Luxembourgish, French, English and German. These, with the exception of the English programmes, which ended on 31 December 1992, continue to this day.Der Artikel verfolgt die Entwicklung des privaten, doch angeblich propagandistisch Frankreich gesinnten Großsenders Radio‐Luxemburg in den 1930er Jahren und veranschaulicht, wie ihm sowohl das Dritte Reich als auch die britische Rundfunkgesellschaft BBC feindlich gegenüberstanden. Als am 8. Mai 1940 das seit 1867 neutralisierte Luxemburg Nazideutschland zum Opfer fiel, wurde der Sender bis zur Befreiung Luxemburgs im September 1944 an das deutsche Reichssendernetz angeschlossen, wonach er ein Sender der Vereinigten Nationen unter Führung des Ober‐Kommandos der Alliierten Streitkräfte in Europa wurde, bis er schließlich am 12. November 1945 zur Radio‐Luxemburg‐Gesellschaft zurückkommen konnte und wie vor dem Krieg luxemburgisch‐, französisch‐, englisch‐ und deutschsprachige Programme wieder ausstrahlen durfte, was noch heute mit Ausnahme der englischen, die am 31. Dezember 1992 endeten, der Fall ist.
‘ICH WILL MICH GAR NICHT MIT IHM VERGLEICHEN’: HEINRICH BÖLL AND CHARLES DICKENS
Authors: Reid J. H. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe importance of Dostoevsky, Chesterton and Bloy for the young Heinrich Böll is well‐known. Less so is his intensive reading of the novels of Charles Dickens from the mid‐1930s into the 1950s and beyond. The article shows that Dickens was at least as important for Böll as Bloy and Dostoevsky. After tracing the continuing popularity of Dickens in Germany through the Nazi period, it identifies the influence of the English novelist on his early writings and multiple affinities between the two writers during Böll's maturity. In doing so it sheds light on the development of Böll's narrative technique. Böll found in Dickens not only a model for his socially committed literature but also a justification for aspects of his own aesthetics.Die Bedeutung von Dostojewski, Chesterton und Bloy für den jungen Heinrich Böll ist wohlbekannt, weniger so seine intensive Lektüre der Romane von Charles Dickens ab Mitte der 1930er Jahre bis in die 1950er Jahre und darüber hinaus. Der Aufsatz zeigt, dass Dickens mindestens so wichtig für Böll war wie Bloy und Dostojewski. Nachdem die fortgesetzte Popularität von Dickens in der Nazi‐Zeit aufgezeigt wird, werden der Einfluss des englischen Romanciers im Frühwerk Bölls und die zahlreichen Affinitäten zwischen beiden Schriftstellern in der Nachkriegszeit verfolgt. Dabei wird auch die Entwicklung von Bölls Erzähltechnik beleuchtet. Böll fand in Dickens nicht nur ein Modell für seine sozial engagierte Literatur, sondern auch eine Rechtfertigung mancher Aspekte seiner eigenen Ästhetik.
SERIAL MURDER IN COLD‐WAR BERLIN: LEICHENSACHE ZERNIK AND THE STRUGGLE FOR PANOPTIC CONTROL
Authors: Bradley Laura 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTLeichensache Zernik was released in the GDR in 1972 but set in 1948, before the creation of the two German states and the construction of the Berlin Wall. It offers a Marxist re‐imagining of the serial murderer as motivated by economic profit rather than sexual gratification: he strangles his victims, obliterates their identity, and burgles their homes. He emerges not as the evil ‘other’ of society but as a product of capitalism, trading on anti‐Soviet propaganda and the political divisions in Berlin. Detectives in the Western sectors fail to pass on information to police headquarters, and they establish their own rival police force. Leichensache Zernik thus presents us with what we can see, in Foucauldian terms, as the reversion to a pre‐panoptic society that cannot be penetrated by a single gaze of power. The murderer is caught only when he kills a woman from the East, where the police and bureaucracy work together smoothly. Yet panopticism can only truly be said to function when those under surveillance know that they can always be seen. By showcasing the effectiveness of surveillance in East Berlin, Leichensache Zernik aimed to win the struggle for panoptic control not in the film, but in the auditorium.Leichensache Zernik kam 1972 in der DDR heraus, spielt jedoch im Jahre 1948, vor der Gründung der zwei deutschen Staaten und dem Mauerbau. Der Film stellt einen Serienmörder aus marxistischer Sicht dar: Dieser Mörder wird durch Gewinnsucht motiviert, nicht durch sexuelle Triebe. Er erdrosselt seine Opfer und löscht jedes Zeichen ihrer Identität aus, um dann in ihre Wohnungen einbrechen zu können. So erkennt man ihn nicht als den bösen ‘Anderen’ der Gesellschaft, sondern als ein Produkt des Kapitalismus: Er profitiert von der antisowjetischen Propaganda und der politischen Spaltung der Stadt. Kommissare in den Westsektoren geben Informationen an das Polizeipräsidium nicht weiter, und sie gründen eine eigene Polizeibehörde. Was in Leichensache Zernik dargestellt wird, kann im Sinne Foucaults als die Rückkehr zu einer vorpanoptischen Gesellschaft gesehen werden, einer Gesellschaft, welche die Disziplinarinstanzen nicht durchblicken. Der Mörder wird erst dann gefangen, als er eine Frau aus dem Ostsektor umbringt, wo die Polizei und die Bürokratie reibungslos zusammenarbeiten. Aber der Panoptizismus funktioniert eigentlich nur, wenn die Überwachten wissen, dass sie immer gesehen werden können. Indem Leichensache Zernik die Wirksamkeit der Überwachung in Ostberlin zur Schau stellte, sollte der Film den Kampf um die panoptische Kontrolle nicht in der Handlung gewinnen, sondern im Zuschauerraum.
NEW GERMAN CINEMA'S FORGOTTEN FILM: HANSJÜRGEN POHLAND'S KATZ UND MAUS
Authors: Saryusz‐Wolska Magdalena 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTKatz und Maus, a film by Hansjürgen Pohland, is usually mentioned merely as the failed adaptation of the second volume of Günter Grass's Danziger Trilogie. It is in fact one of the most controversial films in German film history, and was even discussed in the Bundestag. Directed by one of the signatories of the Oberhausen Manifesto and released in 1967, Katz und Maus is one of the first films of the New German Cinema; however, it has never been discussed thoroughly in the context of this movement. Owing to its cast that included the sons of Willy Brandt in the role of Joachim Mahlke, the film eventually became an even greater scandal than its well‐known literary source. Its critics focused on the controversial masturbation scenes while failing to note how it was influenced by the cinéma d’auteur movement as well as how Pohland managed to establish a kind of cinematic translation of Grass's narrative style. The aim of this article is to discuss the background of Pohland's Katz und Maus within the New German Cinema as well as to analyse its formal references to the European New Wave Cinema of the 1960s.Der Film Katz und Maus von Hansjürgen Pohland wird meist nur als die misslungene Verfilmung des zweiten Teils von Günter Grass’Danziger Trilogie erwähnt. Dabei handelt es sich um eines der kontroversesten Werke der deutschen Filmgeschichte, das sogar im Bundestag diskutiert wurde. Katz und Maus, gedreht von einem der Unterzeichner des Oberhausener Manifests, wurde 1967 zum ersten Mal gezeigt. Der Film gehört somit zu den ersten Titeln des Neuen Deutschen Films, obwohl er bisher nicht ausführlich im Kontext dieser Bewegung besprochen wurde. Die Besetzung der Rolle von Joachim Mahlke mit den Söhnen Willy Brandts ließ den Film zu einem sogar noch größeren Skandal als die ohnehin schon kontroverse literarische Vorlage werden. Die Kritiker konzentrierten sich vor allem auf die umstrittene Masturbationsszene und übersahen dabei zum einen die Verweise auf die cinéma‐d’auteur‐Bewegung und zum anderen Pohlands Versuche, eine der Grass'schen Erzählweise adäquate Filmsprache zu entwickeln. In diesem Aufsatz möchte ich die Hintergründe der Entstehung sowie die spätere Rezeption der Verfilmung diskutieren sowie seine formellen Bezüge zu den europäischen Neuen Wellen im Kino der 1960er Jahre analysieren.
The Effect of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Iron Stores and Iron Deficiency in Urban Alaska Native Adults
Authors: Miernyk Karen , Bruden Dana , Zanis Carolyn , McMahon Brian , Sacco Frank , Hennessy Thomas , Parkinson Alan , Bruce Michael 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been correlated with low serum ferritin and iron deficiency. As a secondary analysis of a study of H. pylori reinfection, we investigated the association of H. pylori infection and the effect of its eradication on serum ferritin and iron deficiency.MethodsAlaska Native adults undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy had sera collected and a 13C urea breath test (UBT) was performed. Those H. pylori positive were treated with an antibiotic regimen; those who tested negative 2 months after treatment were evaluated at 4, 6, 12, and 24 months by UBT and serum ferritin with an immunoradiometric assay. We excluded persons from further analysis if they were prescribed iron by their provider.ResultsWe measured serum ferritin for 241 persons; 121/241 were H. pylori positive. The geometric mean ferritin (GMF) for persons with and without H. pylori infection was 37 μg/L and 50 μg/L, respectively (p = .04). At enrollment, 19/121 H. pylori‐positive persons had iron deficiency compared with 8/120 H. pylori negative (p = .02). Among 66 persons tested at 24 months, the GMF was higher at 24 months (49.6 μg/L) versus enrollment (36.5 μg/L; p = .02). Six of 11 persons with iron deficiency at enrollment no longer had iron deficiency and had a higher GMF (p = .02) 24 months after treatment.ConclusionsH. pylori infection was correlated with lower serum ferritin and iron deficiency. After H. pylori eradication, serum ferritin increased and approximately half of persons resolved their iron deficiency. Testing for H. pylori infection and subsequent treatment of those positive could be considered in persons with unexplained iron deficiency.
New unions in the UK: the vanguard or the rearguard of the union movement?
Authors: Ross Catharine 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBetween January 1999 and March 2010, 34 trade unions entered the Certification Officer list or schedule in the UK. This article reports on a survey of those unions, discussing the extent to which they represent new forms of unionism and the possible implications for union revitalisation.
Transnational labour markets and national wage setting systems in the EU
Authors: Bosch Gerhard , Weinkopf Claudia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe article analyses the impact of European regulations of posting on different national wage systems. The article shows that the impact varied across the countries and has been filtered by the national institutions regulating the labour market. In the voluntarist wage setting systems of Germany and even Sweden, they have been a major factor bringing wages back into competition. The ability of national actors to act has been considerably curtailed by the European Court of Justice (EUJ), which has placed free competition above the basic rights of autonomous collective bargaining. Because of the divergent interests of Member States, this weakening of national actors cannot be compensated for by transnational agreements. This ‘negative integration’ brings with it a serious risk that the inclusiveness of European wage systems will be eroded by a series of cumulative effects.
Population dynamics of a threatened giant millipede: implications for restoration
Authors: Lawrence James M. , Samways Michael J. , Kelly Janine A. , Henwood Jock 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe population dynamics of threatened invertebrates have important implications for their conservation and restoration. TheSeychelles giant millipede (SGM),Sechelleptus seychellarum, is a threatened and functionally important macro‐detritivore endemic to theSeychelles granitic islands. Here, we studied the population dynamics of theSGMfrom 1998 to 2009 onCousine Island,Seychelles, to make practical restoration recommendations. Large fluctuations in millipede densities were found between 1998 and 2009. In 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2007 millipede densities were low, while densities were high in 1998 and 2009. Although theSGMis active all year round, millipede surface activity was positively correlated with rainfall, with millipede density high during the wetNWmonsoon period (i.e., October to April) and low during theSEtrade wind period (i.e., May to September). Female:male:juvenile ratios were ∼3:1:1. The implications of these results for restoration are that translocations should preferably be done in years of high millipede densities and during the wet season. Furthermore, chemical control of the invasive antPheidole megacephala, which is currently being carried out on Cousine Island and in future could be conducted on other Seychelles islands, should preferably be done during the low rainfall months, as theSGMreadily consumes the hydramethylnon‐based bait.