bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of specific HPV subtypes responsible for the pathogenesis of condylomata acuminata
Authors: Hawkins Matthew G , Winder David M , Ball Siolian LR , Vaughan Katie , Sonnex Christopher , Stanley Margaret A , Sterling Jane C , Goon Peter KC 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
The low-risk human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 are responsible for approximately 90% of anogenital wart cases, with approximately 190,000 new and recurrent cases reported in the UK in 2010. The UK has recently selected the quadrivalent HPV vaccine, which conveys protection against both HPV6 and HPV 11, as part of its immunisation programme for 2012 and it is expected that this will reduce disease burden in the UK. The aims of the study were to evaluate current strategies used for the monitoring of HPV infection in genital warts and to assess the suitability of laser-capture microdissection (LCM) as a technique to improve the understanding of the natural history of HPV types associated with genital wart lesions.

Methods
DNA and RNA were extracted from whole wart, surface swabs and LCM sections from 23 patients. HPV types present were determined using the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test (Roche), with HPV DNA viral load and mRNA expression investigated using qPCR and qRT-PCR, respectively.

Results
Results indicated that swabbing the surface of warts does not accurately reflect potential causative HPV types present within a wart lesion, multiple HPV types being present on the surface of the wart that are absent in the lower layers of tissue isolated by LCM. Although it was shown that HPV DNA viral load does not directly correlate with HPV mRNA load, the presence of both DNA and mRNA from a single HPV type suggested a causative role in lesion development in 8/12 (66.6%) of patients analysed, with dual infections seen in 4/12 (33.3%) cases. HPV 6 and HPV 11 were present in more than 90% of the lesions examined.

Conclusions
Surface swabbing of warts does not necessarily reflect the causative HPV types. HPV type specific DNA and mRNA loads do not correlate. HPV 6 and 11 were likely to be causally involved in over 90% of the lesions. Dual infections were also found, and further studies are required to determine the biological and clinical nature of dual/multiple infections and to establish the relationship of multiple HPV types within a single lesion.
Adult-onset Alexander disease, associated with a mutation in an alternative GFAP transcript, may be phenotypically modulated by a non-neutral HDAC6 variant
Authors: Melchionda Laura , Fang Mingyan , Wang Hairong , Fugnanesi Valeria , Morbin Michela , Liu Xuanzhu , Li Wenyan , Ceccherini Isabella , Farina Laura , Savoiardo Mario , D’Adamo Pio , Zhang Jianguo , Costa Alfredo , Ravaglia Sabrina , Ghezzi Daniele , Zeviani Massimo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
We studied a family including two half-siblings, sharing the same mother, affected by slowly progressive, adult-onset neurological syndromes. In spite of the diversity of the clinical features, characterized by a mild movement disorder with cognitive impairment in the elder patient, and severe motor-neuron disease (MND) in her half-brother, the brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) features were compatible with adult-onset Alexander’s disease (AOAD), suggesting different expression of the same, genetically determined, condition.

Methods
Since mutations in the alpha isoform of glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP-α, the only cause so far known of AOAD, were excluded, we applied exome Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to identify gene variants, which were then functionally validated by molecular characterization of recombinant and patient-derived cells.

Results
Exome-NGS revealed a mutation in a previously neglected GFAP isoform, GFAP-ϵ, which disrupts the GFAP-associated filamentous cytoskeletal meshwork of astrocytoma cells. To shed light on the different clinical features in the two patients, we sought for variants in other genes. The male patient had a mutation, absent in his half-sister, in X-linked histone deacetylase 6, a candidate MND susceptibility gene.

Conclusions
Exome-NGS is an unbiased approach that not only helps identify new disease genes, but may also contribute to elucidate phenotypic expression.
Congenital infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a calf in northern Germany
Authors: Henniger Thomas , Henniger Pauline , Grossmann Thekla , Distl Ottmar , Ganter Martin , von Loewenich Friederike D 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a Gram-negative, obligate intracellular tick-transmitted bacterium that replicates in neutrophils. It causes tick-borne fever (TBF) in sheep and cattle, but also elicits febrile disease in humans as well as in other domestic animals such as dogs, horses, and cats. Although increasingly recognized in Europe, the first laboratory-confirmed case of TBF in cattle from Germany has been published only recently. We here present the unusual case of an intrauterine transmission of A. phagocytophilum in a calf from northern Germany. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such an event occurring under field conditions in cattle.
Comparison of sugar content for ionic liquid pretreated Douglas-fir woodchips and forestry residues
Authors: Socha Aaron M , Plummer Samuel P , Stavila Vitalie , Simmons Blake A , Singh Seema 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe development of affordable woody biomass feedstocks represents a significant opportunity in the development of cellulosic biofuels. Primary woodchips produced by forest mills are considered an ideal feedstock, but the prices they command on the market are currently too expensive for biorefineries. In comparison, forestry residues represent a potential low-cost input but are considered a more challenging feedstock for sugar production due to complexities in composition and potential contamination arising from soil that may be present. We compare the sugar yields, changes in composition in Douglas-fir woodchips and forestry residues after pretreatment using ionic liquids and enzymatic saccharification in order to determine if this approach can efficiently liberate fermentable sugars.ResultsThese samples were either mechanically milled through a 2 mm mesh or pretreated as received with the ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C2mim][OAc] at 120°C and 160°C. IL pretreatment of Douglas-fir woodchips and forestry residues resulted in approximately 71-92% glucose yields after enzymatic saccharification. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the pretreated cellulose was less crystalline after IL pretreatment as compared to untreated control samples. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D-NMR) revealed changes in lignin and hemicellulose structure and composition as a function of pretreatment. Mass balances of sugar and lignin streams for both the Douglas-fir woodchips and forestry residues throughout the pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification processes are presented.ConclusionsWhile the highest sugar yields were observed with the Douglas-fir woodchips, reasonably high sugar yields were obtained from forestry residues after ionic liquid pretreatment. Structural changes to lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in the woodchips and forestry residues of Douglas-fir after [C2mim][OAc] pretreatment are analyzed by XRD and 2D-NMR, and indicate that significant changes occurred. Irrespective of the particle sizes used in this study, ionic liquid pretreatment successfully allowed high glucose yields after enzymatic saccharification. These results indicate that forestry residues may be a more viable feedstock than previously thought for the production of biofuels.
Babesia lengau associated with cerebral and haemolytic babesiosis in two domestic cats
Authors: Bosman Anna-Mari , Oosthuizen Marinda C , Venter Estelle H , Steyl Johan CA , Gous Tertius A , Penzhorn Barend L 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough reported sporadically from various countries, feline babesiosis appears to be a significant clinical entity only in South Africa, whereBabesia felisis usually incriminated as the causative agent.Babesia lengau, recently described from asymptomatic cheetahs, has now possibly been incriminated as the causative agent in two severe clinical cases in domestic cats.FindingsBoth cats were euthanisedin extremis. While typical feline babesiosis in South Africa is an afebrile disease with a chronic manifestation, there was acute onset of severe clinical signs in both cats and their body temperatures were above the normal range when they were presented for treatment. Haemolytic anaemia was confirmed in one case. To our knowledge, this is the first report of cerebral babesiosis in cats.On reverse line blot 18S rDNA PCR products obtained from both cats showed positive hybridization profiles with theB. lengauspecies-specific probe. The two partial parasite 18S rRNA gene sequences obtained, showed high sequence similarity (99.9%) toB. lengau. In a representative tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method using the two-parameter model of Kimura the two obtained partial 18S rDNA sequences and that ofB. lengauformed a monophyletic group withB. conradaeand sequences previously isolated from humans and wildlife in the western USA.ConclusionAll clinical cases of feline babesiosis in South Africa are not necessarily caused byB. felis. Other piroplasms, e.g.B. lengau, may be incriminated in clinical cases, especially those occurring outside the known endemic area.
Endometriosis of the lung: report of a case and literature review
Authors: Huang Haidong , Li Chen , Zarogoulidis Paul , Darwiche Kaid , Machairiotis Nikolaos , Yang Lixin , Simoff Michael , Celis Eduardo , Zhao Tiejun , Zarogoulidis Konstantinos , Katsikogiannis Nikolaos , Hohenforst-Schmidt Wolfgang , Li Qiang 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This paper reports a case of endometriosis of the lung in a 29-year-old woman with long-term periodic catamenial hemoptysis. A chest computed tomography image obtained during menstruation revealed a radiographic opaque lesion in the lingular segment of the left superior lobe. During bronchoscopy, bleeding in the mucosa of the distal bronchus of the lingular segment of the left superior lobe was observed. Histopathology subsequent to an exploratory thoracotomy confirmed the diagnosis of endometriosis of the left lung. The 2-year follow-up after lingular lobectomy of the left superior lobe showed no recurrence or complications.
Long-term, up to 18 months, protective effects of the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan on Epirubin-induced inflammation and oxidative stress assessed by serial strain rate
Authors: Dessì Mariele , Madeddu Clelia , Piras Alessandra , Cadeddu Christian , Antoni Giorgia , Mercuro Giuseppe , Mantovani Giovanni 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Purpose
The primary objective of the present study was to show the long lasting cardioprotective activity, at different time-points, up to 18 month-follow-up, of telmisartan in preserving the systolic function (assessed as Strain Rate-SR) in cancer patients treated with EPI both in the adjuvant and metastatic setting; the secondary objective was to confirm the correlation of the cardioprotective activity of telmisartan with a reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress induced by EPI.

Methods
Phase II single blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Sample size 50 patients per arm: based on a pre-planned interim analysis for early stopping rules, the study was discontinued for ethical reasons at 49 patients. Cardiovascular disease-free patients with cancer at different sites eligible for EPI-based treatment randomized to: telmisartan n = 25 or placebo n = 24. Echocardiography Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) strain and strain rate was performed, serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, ROS) were assessed at baseline, every 100 mg/m2 EPI dose and at 6-, 12- and 18-month follow-up (FU).

Results
Significant SR peak reduction in both arms was observed at t2 (cumulative dose EPI 200 mg/m2) vs t0. Conversely, at t3, t4, 6-, 12- and 18-month FU SR increased towards normal range in the telmisartan arm, while in the placebo arm SR remained significantly lower. Differences between SR changes in the placebo and telmisartan arm were significant from t3 up to 18 month-FU. IL-6 and ROS increased significantly in the placebo arm at t2 but did not change in the telmisartan arm. A significant (p < 0.05) correlation between changes of SR vs IL-6 and ROS was observed.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the protective effect of telmisartan is long lasting, probably by ensuring a permanent (at least up to 18-month FU) defense against chronic or late-onset types of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
Lithium ion intercalation mechanism for LiCoPO4 electrode
Authors: Ju Hua , Wu Jun , Xu Yanhui 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Recently, there exists a discrepancy on the lithium ion de-intercalation mechanism for LiCoPO4 electrode. In the present work, the study was focused upon exploring the origin of this discrepancy by studying the dependence of the impedance spectrum on the state of charge and the carbon content. For the pure LiCoPO4 electrode, the two plateaus in the charge curve are at 4.82 and 4.92 V. We have also studied the variation of electrochemical impedance spectroscopies (EISs) with the state of charge. The EIS measurement has shown that the total interfacial resistance increases as the state of charge increases for the pure LiCoPO4 electrode. If higher content of sucrose was added in the precursor (this implies higher carbon content in the synthesized sample), only one potential plateau can be found in the charge curve. For this electrode, the total interfacial resistance decreases with the state of charge. Especially, the total interfacial resistance has a dramatic decrease when the state of charge increases from 20% to 40%. It is believed that the influence of carbon impurity on the variation tendency of the EIS pattern may reflect the change of the fine structure. For the pure LiCoPO4 electrode, the intermediate phase is Li0.20~0.45CoPO4.
Teamwork: the art of being a leader and a team player
Authors: Jenkinson Josie , Oakley Clare , Mason Fiona 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe development of the concept of clinical leadership over the past 5 years, in conjunction with an ever-increasing emphasis on its importance in the medical world, has led to an explosion of reviews, resources, fellowships and other academic programmes in this area. Arguably, with the focus on clinicians as individual leaders, teamworking is a fundamental aspect of effective clinical leadership that has perhaps received less attention. This article explores aspects of leadership in the team setting and covers theories and concepts relating to team dynamics, team roles and functioning. This is with a view to providing clinicians with a sound knowledge base in this area, increased understanding of issues they may face in their own clinical teams, and ideas and tools to help increase team effectiveness.
Post-traumatic stress disorder: new directions in pharmacotherapy
Authors: Green Ben 
Published: May 2013

SummaryAs many as 10% of the population experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at some time in their lives. It often runs a severe, chronic and treatment-resistant course. This article reviews the evidence base for typically recommended treatments such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It tabulates the major randomised controlled trials of SSRIs and trauma-focused CBT and reviews research on novel treatments such as ketamine, MDMA, quetiapine, propranolol and prazosin.
The future of academic psychiatry may be social
Authors: Priebe Stefan , Burns Tom , Craig Tom K. J. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe past 30 years have produced no discoveries leading to major changes in
psychiatric practice. The rules regulating research and a dominant
neurobiological paradigm may both have stifled creativity. Embracing a
social paradigm could generate real progress and, simultaneously, make the
profession more attractive.
Is mainstreaming always the answer? The social and economic development of service user communities
Authors: Mandiberg James M. , Warner Richard 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe community placement of people with serious mental illness has focused on assimilation. The broad community, however, seems largely unwilling to support and include them. The result is programmes to help people maintain their community lives mainly through the support of formal mental health services. The social and economic development of ‘identity communities' of people with serious mental illness is an alternative model to assimilation. An identity community consists of people with shared interests, beliefs, experiences or needs which affect the identity of the participants and the cohesiveness of the group. Such communities can be economically sustainable and offer members more ways of having meaningful lives. Examples of this recovery-friendly approach are provided as a viable way of enhancing community support without additional expense.
Genome-wide Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms With Weight Loss Outcomes After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Rinella Erica S. , Still Christopher , Shao Yongzhao , Wood G. Craig , Chu Xin , Salerno Brenda , Gerhard Glenn S. , Ostrer Harry 
Published: May 2013

Context:
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is among the most effective treatments for extreme obesity and obesity-related complications. However, despite its potential efficacy, many patients do not achieve and/or maintain sufficient weight loss.

Objective:
Our objective was to identify genetic factors underlying the variability in weight loss outcomes after RYGB surgery.

Design:
We conducted a genome-wide association study using a 2-stage phenotypic extreme study design.

Setting:
Patients were recruited from a comprehensive weight loss program at an integrated health system.

Patients:
Eighty-six obese (body mass index &gt;35 kg/m2) patients who had the least percent excess body weight loss (%EBWL) and 89 patients who had the most %EBWL at 2 years after surgery were genotyped using Affymetrix version 6.0 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. A second group from the same cohort consisting of 164 patients in the lower quartile of %EBWL and 169 from the upper quartile were selected for evaluation of candidate regions using custom SNP arrays.

Intervention:
We performed RYGB surgery.

Main Outcome Measures:
We assessed %EBWL at 2 years after RYGB and SNPs.

Results:
We identified 111 SNPs in the first-stage analysis whose frequencies were significantly different between 2 phenotypic extremes of weight loss (allelic χ2 test P &lt; .0001). Linear regression of %EBWL at 2 years after surgery revealed 17 SNPs that approach P &lt; .05 in the validation stage and cluster in or near several genes with potential biological relevance including PKHD1, HTR1A, NMBR, and IGF1R.

Conclusions:
This is the first genome-wide association study of weight loss response to RYGB. Variation in weight loss outcomes after RYGB may be influenced by several common genetic variants.
Joint Effect of Insulin Signaling Genes on Insulin Secretion and Glucose
Homeostasis
Authors: Prudente Sabrina , Morini Eleonora , Marselli Lorella , Baratta Roberto , Copetti Massimiliano , Mendonca Christine , Andreozzi Francesco , Chandalia Manisha , Pellegrini Fabio , Bailetti Diego , Alberico Federica , Shah Hetal , Abate Nicola , Sesti Giorgio , Frittitta Lucia , Marchetti Piero , Doria Alessandro , Trischitta Vincenzo 
Published: May 2013

Context:
Reduced insulin signaling in insulin secreting β-cells causes defective insulin secretion and hyperglycemia in mice.

Objective:
We investigated whether functional polymorphisms affecting insulin signaling (ie, ENPP1 K121Q, rs1044498; IRS1 G972R, rs1801278; and TRIB3 Q84R, rs2295490) exert a joint effect on insulin secretion and abnormal glucose homeostasis (AGH).

Design:
Insulin secretion was evaluated by 1) the disposition index (DI) from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 829 individuals; 2) insulin secretion stimulation index (SI) in islets from nondiabetic donors after glucose (n = 92) or glibenclamide (n = 89) stimulation. AGH (including impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes; T2D) was evaluated in case-control studies from the GENetics of Type 2 Diabetes in Italy and the United States (GENIUS T2D) Consortium (n = 6607).

Results:
Genotype risk score, obtained by totaling individual weighted risk allele effects, was associated with the following: 1) DI (P = .005); 2) glucose and glibenclamide SI (P = .046 and P = .009); or 3) AGH (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.13; P = .001). We observed an inverse relationship between genetic effect and age at AGH onset, as indicated by a linear correlation between AGH-genotype risk score odds ratios and age-at-diagnosis cutoffs (R2 = 0.80, P < .001).

Conclusions:
Functional polymorphisms affecting insulin signaling exert a joint effect on both in vivo and in vitro insulin secretion as well as on early-onset AGH. Our data provide further evidence that abnormal insulin signaling reduces β-cell function and impairs glucose homeostasis.
Expectant fathers’ knowledge of maternal morbidity: a Sri Lankan experience
Authors: Weekrakkody Amaya , Weerasinghe Gihan M , Weerasinghe Mayumi P , Weerasekara Gayan L , Agampodi Suneth B 
Published: May 2013

Background: Male partners play an important and vital role in the decision-making process regarding pregnant women’s health. The purpose of the present study was to assess the knowledge and awareness of expectant fathers about Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH), and anaemia during pregnancy.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among expectant fathers whose partners were attending antenatal clinics at the Anuradhapura Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka. All consenting participants were interviewed by investigators using an interviewer administered questionnaire to collect data on knowledge of risk factors, symptoms, complications and their control. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal Wallis test. Results: Of the 246 expectant fathers studied, 192 (78%) were aware of GDM, 183 (74.4%) and 154 (62.6%) were aware of PIH and anaemia during pregnancy, respectively. The total number of answers provided by expectant fathers ranged from 0 to 33 (of 41 questions). There were 44 fathers who could not answer even a single question. For GDM, anaemia, and PIH, the percentages of expectant fathers who failed to provide at least a single correct answer were 24.8%, 40.2%, and 31.3%, respectively. The median number of total correct answers provided increased steadily along with the average income (chi-square 31.24, p<0.001) and educational level (chi-square 33.57, p<0.001). Expectant fathers in the 25-34 age group had significantly higher scores, compared to younger and older fathers (chi-square 15.11, p=0.001). Fathers experiencing the second pregnancy of their spouses also had higher scores.Conclusions: Expectant father’s knowledge of the selected morbidities was limited. To improve maternal health, any health promotional programmes should include expectant fathers.