bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microhabitat acclimatization alters sea anemone–algal symbiosis and thermal tolerance across the intertidal zone
Authors: Ruggeri Maria , Million Wyatt C. , Hamilton Lindsey , Kenkel Carly D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractContemporary symbioses in extreme environments can give an insight into mechanisms that stabilize species interactions during environmental change. The intertidal sea anemone, Anthopleura elegantissima, engages in a nutritional symbiosis with microalgae similar to tropical coral, but withstands more intense environmental fluctuations during tidal inundations. In this study, we compare baseline symbiotic traits and their sensitivity to thermal stress within and among anemone aggregations across the intertidal using a laboratory‐based tank experiment to better understand how fixed genotypic and plastic environmental effects contribute to the successful maintenance of this symbiosis in extreme habitats. High intertidal anemones had lower baseline symbiont‐to‐host cell ratios under control conditions, but their symbionts had higher baseline photosynthetic efficiency compared to low intertidal anemone symbionts. Symbiont communities were identical across all samples, suggesting that shifts in symbiont density and photosynthetic performance could be an acclimatory mechanism to maintain symbiosis in different environments. Despite lower baseline symbiont‐to‐host cell ratios, high intertidal anemones maintained greater symbiont‐to‐host cell ratios under heat stress compared with low intertidal anemones, suggesting greater thermal tolerance of high intertidal holobionts. However, the thermal tolerance of clonal anemones acclimatized to different zones was not explained by tidal height alone, indicating additional environmental variables contribute to physiological differences. Host genotype significantly influenced anemone weight, but only explained a minor proportion of variation among symbiotic traits and their response to thermal stress, further implicating environmental history as the primary driver of holobiont tolerance. These results indicate that this symbiosis is highly plastic and may be able to acclimatize to climate change over ecological timescales, defying the convention that symbiotic organisms are more susceptible to environmental stress.
Development and characterization of multifunctional fish gelatin composite films reinforced with ε‐polylysine and zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Ruyang , Yao Aifang , Yan Yongyong , Wang Jingyi , Li Qingxiang , Li Kezhi , Tian Yongqi , Wang Shaoyun , Wu Jiulin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractActive compounds were usually incorporated into biopolymer films to enhance their properties. The tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EAB) of the gelatin composite films increased along with the addition of ε‐polylysine (ε‐PL) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano‐ZnO). When the concentrations of ε‐PL and nano‐ZnO were 4% and 0.5%, TS and EAB reached to the maximum which were 53.98 ± 2.61 MPa and 16.05 ± 1.76%. The water vapor permeability, water solubility, and water content of the composite films decreased from 2.01 ± 0.04 10−10 g m−1 Pa−1 s−1 to 1.56 ± 0.07 × 10−10 g m−1 Pa−1 s−1, from 45.23 ± 1.54% to 31.39 ± 1.24% and from 23.89 ± 1.41% to 17.34 ± 2.61%, respectively, compared with gelatin film. The light barrier capacity of the composite film was improved. The surface of the film was relatively smooth, and the cross‐section was overall flat. FTIR results indicated that no chemical reaction occurred among ε‐PL, nano‐ZnO and gelatin. The chemical structure of the films remained unchanged throughout the heat‐sealing process. Moreover, the gelatin films containing ε‐PL and nano‐ZnO showed excellent antibacterial activity. Our findings suggest that the gelatin composite films with antibacterial property hold promise for the application in food packaging materials.
Saturated Heterocyclic Sulfamoyl Fluorides: Building Blocks for the SuFEx Chemistry
Authors: Aleksandrenko Serhii , Dobrydnev Alexey V. , Zhersh Serhii , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA scalable protocol for direct SO2F2‐based fluorosulfonylation of saturated (hetero)cyclic and functionalized amines is reported. The method is cost‐effective and applicable for multigram preparation of structurally diverse compounds, as illustrated by the synthesis of 58 building blocks decorated with common functional groups. A comparison of overall yields of products demonstrates the advantages of the present method over alternative approaches. The obtained functionalized sp3‐enriched sulfamoyl fluorides can be considered a new generation of building blocks for SuFEx (sulfur fluoride exchange) chemistry. The synthetic utility of the synthesized building blocks was demonstrated by late‐stage reactions tolerating the SO2F functionality as well as transformations to provide the corresponding sulfamide, sulfamate, and sulfonamide derivatives.
Long‐range Ising model for regional‐scale seismic risk analysis
Authors: Oh Sebin , Yi Sangri , Wang Ziqi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study introduces the long‐range Ising model from statistical mechanics to the performance‐based earthquake engineering (PBEE) framework for regional seismic damage analysis. The application of the PBEE framework at a regional scale involves estimating the damage states () of numerous structures, typically performed using fragility function‐based stochastic simulations. However, these simulations often assume conditional independence or employ simplistic dependency models among the of structures, leading to significant misrepresentation of regional risk. The Ising model addresses this issue by converting the available information on binary (safe or failure) into a joint probability mass function, leveraging the principle of maximum entropy. The Ising model offers two main benefits: (1) it requires only the first‐ and second‐order cross‐moments, enabling seamless integration with the existing PBEE framework, and (2) it provides meaningful physical interpretations of the model parameters, facilitating the uncovering of insights not apparent from data. To demonstrate the proposed method, we applied the Ising model to 156 buildings in Antakya, Turkey, using post‐hazard damage evaluation data, and to 182 buildings in Pacific Heights, San Francisco, using simulated data from the Regional Resilience Determination tool. In both instances, the Ising model accurately reproduces the provided information and generates meaningful insights into regional damage. The study also investigates the change in Ising model parameters under varying earthquake magnitudes, along with the mean‐field approximation, further facilitating the applicability of the proposed approach.
The immunomodulator effect of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni mediated by TNF‐α and IL‐1β in peripheral blood in diabetic rats
Authors: Cebeci Erhan , Katirci Ertan , Karhan Mustafa , Korgun Emin Turkay 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStevia rebaudiana Bertoni, which is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of diabetes, was the focus of this study aiming to investigate its immunomodulatory properties in diabetes. To form the diabetes group, rats were injected intraperitoneally with STZ and rats with blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dL 2 days after STZ injection were included in the diabetes group. To form the stevia and diabetes + stevia groups, stevia was administered daily by gavage to both healthy and diabetic rats for 28 days. At the end of 28 days, the levels of interleukin‐1 beta and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha in the blood were measured by ELISA. CD3, CD4, and CD8 protein levels in the blood were determined by flow cytometry. Rat body weight increased in the diabetes +25 mg/kg bW stevia group compared with the diabetes group. Blood glucose levels were significantly decreased in the diabetes +25 mg/kg bW stevia group compared to the diabetes group (**p < .01). IL‐1β cytokine levels decreased significantly in the diabetes +25 mg/kg bW stevia group compared to the diabetes group (**p < .01). TNF‐α cytokine levels decreased significantly in the diabetes +25 mg/kg bW stevia group compared to the diabetes group (**p < .01). The amount of CD8 + T cells decreased significantly in the diabetes +25 mg/kg bW stevia group compared to the diabetes group (*p < .05). The stevia diet leads to a reduction in peripheral circulating cytotoxic T cells and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1 beta and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha under hyperglycemic conditions.
Effect of male partners' involvement and support on reproductive, maternal and child health and well‐being in East Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Fletcher Richard , Forbes Faye , Dadi Abel Fekadu , Kassa Getachew Mullu , Regan Casey , Galle Anna , Beyene Addisu , Liackman Rebecca , Temmerman Marleen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsEast African countries have high rates of maternal and child mortality and morbidity. Studies have shown that the involvement of male partners in reproductive health can benefit maternal and child health (MCH). This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the evidence across East Africa that describes male partner involvement and its effect on maternal, reproductive, and child well‐being.MethodsTen databases were searched to identify quantitative data on male's involvement in East Africa. Studies reporting qualitative data, “intention to use” data or only reporting on male partner's education or economic status were excluded. Studies were organized into five a priori categories: antenatal care (ANC), human immunodeficiency virus, breastfeeding, family planning, and intimate partner violence with further categories developed based on studies included.ResultsA total of 2787 records were identified; 644 full texts were reviewed, and 96 studies were included in this review. Data were reported on 118,967 mothers/pregnant women and 15,361 male partners. Most of the studies (n = 83) were reported from four countries Ethiopia (n = 49), Kenya (n = 14), Tanzania (n = 12) and Uganda (n = 10). The evidence indicates that male partner involvement and support is associated with improved reproductive, MCH across a wide range of outcomes. However, the studies were heterogeneous, using diverse exposure and outcome measures. Also, male partners' lack of practical and emotional support, and engagement in violent behaviors towards partners, were associated with profound negative impacts on MCH and well‐being.ConclusionsThe body of evidence, although heterogeneous, provides compelling support for male involvement in reproductive health programs designed to support MCH. To advance research in this field, an agreement is needed on a measure of male partner “involvement.” To optimize benefits of male partners' involvement, developing core outcome sets and regional coordination are recommended.
Influences of TiO2 nanoparticle and fipronil co‐exposure on metabolite profiles in mouse intestines
Authors: Wang Canyang , Zhou Zhengzheng , He Yayu , Li Juan , Cao Yi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFood contaminates, such as insecticide, may influence the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) to intestine. The present study investigated the combined toxicity of TiO2 NPs and fipronil to male mouse intestine. Juvenile mice (8 weeks) were orally exposed to 5.74 mg/kg TiO2 NPs, 2.5 mg/kg fipronil, or both, once a day, for 5 days. We found that both TiO2 NPs and fipronil induced some pathological changes in intestines, accompanying with defective autophagy, but these effects were not obviously enhanced after TiO2 NP and fipronil co‐exposure. Fipronil promoted Ti accumulation but induced minimal impact on other trace elements in TiO2 NP‐exposed intestines. Metabolomics data revealed that the exposure altered metabolite profiles in mouse intestines, and two KEGG pathways, namely, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (mmu00053) and glutathione metabolism (mmu00480), were only statistically significantly changed after TiO2 NP and fipronil co‐exposure. Five metabolites, including 2‐deoxy‐D‐erythro‐pentofuranose 5‐phosphate, 5alpha‐cholestanol, beta‐D‐glucopyranuronic acid, elaidic acid, and isopentadecanoic acid, and maltotriose, were more significantly up‐regulated after the co‐exposure, whereas trisaccharide and xylonolactone were only significantly down‐regulated by the co‐exposure. We concluded that fipronil had minimal impact to enhance the toxicity of TiO2 NPs to mouse intestines but altered metabolite profiles.
Optimization of crude glycerol purification from grease trap waste biodiesel production: exploring the synergistic effect of mixed extraction alcohols on enhanced glycerol purity
Authors: Al‐Haimi Akram Ali Nasser Mansoor , Luo Wen , Fu Junying , Zhu Shunni , Yehia Fatma , Wang Zhongming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purification of crude glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production and grease trap waste, is essential for its utilization in high‐value applications. Achieving exceptionally pure glycerol without relying on energy‐intensive vacuum distillation during transesterification is of substantial economic interest.RESULTSThis investigation focuses on crafting a purification process involving chemical treatment (neutralization), adsorption and extraction. The assessment of the neutralization process using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) revealed their comparative efficacy. Activated carbon adsorption was used to reduce coloration in crude glycerol, with weights set at 4 and 8 wt%. Efficient salt extraction from crude glycerol was explored using solvents such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol in varying mass ratios to crude glycerol (1:1 and 2:1). The study also examined the synergistic effects and impact of mixing alcohol solvents. Optimal conditions for achieving high purity (92.44%) were identified as the combination of KOH, 8 wt% activated carbon and a 2:1 ratio of a mixture of the three alcohols.CONCLUSIONThe combined effects of employing a mixture of alcohols significantly enhance the extraction process, resulting in the efficient and successful purification of glycerol. These outcomes offer valuable insights into improving the extraction process in industrial settings, leading to the production of high‐quality glycerol products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
On the minimum number of arcs in 4‐dicritical oriented graphs
Authors: Havet Frédéric , Picasarri‐Arrieta Lucas , Rambaud Clément 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe dichromatic number of a digraph is the minimum number of colours needed to colour the vertices of a digraph such that each colour class induces an acyclic subdigraph. A digraph is ‐dicritical if and each proper subdigraph of satisfies . For integers and , we define (resp., ) as the minimum number of arcs possible in a ‐dicritical digraph (resp., oriented graph). Kostochka and Stiebitz have shown that . They also conjectured that there is a constant such that for and large enough. This conjecture is known to be true for . In this work, we prove that every 4‐dicritical oriented graph on vertices has at least arcs, showing the conjecture for . We also characterise exactly the 4‐dicritical digraphs on vertices with exactly arcs.
Does it take two to tango? Combined effects of relational job crafting and job design on energy and performance
Authors: Doden Wiebke , Bindl Uta , Unger Dana 
Published: July 2024

SummaryDespite an extensive body of research on job crafting, our understanding of how bottom‐up job crafting behaviors interact with top‐down job design in influencing employee effectiveness remains limited. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we developed and tested a theoretical framework to examine the implications of daily promotion‐ versus prevention‐oriented relational job crafting on employees' energy and subsequent task performance, in the context of relational job design (i.e., task interdependence). To test our theorizing, we conducted two experience‐sampling studies over 10 workdays with full‐time employees across various organizations (Study 1: Nday‐level = 845, Nperson‐level = 126; Study 2: Nday‐level = 793, Nperson‐level = 108). Multilevel path modeling indicated promotion‐oriented relational job crafting was positively associated with subsequent task performance by increasing energy levels (Study 2), particularly when task interdependence was low (Study 1). In contrast, prevention‐oriented relational job crafting was energy depleting in low‐task‐interdependent contexts (Study 2) but increased employees' energy in high‐task‐interdependent contexts (Study 1). Our findings suggest different forms of day‐to‐day relational job crafting behaviors are relevant for employees' energy and performance, but their effectiveness may depend on the relational job‐design context.
Diverse and multifunctional roles for perlecan (HSPG2) in repair of the intervertebral disc
Authors: Melrose James , Guilak Farshid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPerlecan is a widely distributed, modular, and multifunctional heparan sulfate proteoglycan, which facilitates cellular communication with the extracellular environment to promote tissue development, tissue homeostasis, and optimization of biomechanical tissue functions. Perlecan‐mediated osmotic mechanotransduction serves to regulate the metabolic activity of cells in tissues subjected to tension, compression, or shear. Perlecan interacts with a vast array of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins through which it stabilizes tissues and regulates the proliferation or differentiation of resident cell populations. Here we examine the roles of the HS‐proteoglycan perlecan in the normal and destabilized intervertebral disc. The intervertebral disc cell has evolved to survive in a hostile weight bearing, acidic, low oxygen tension, and low nutrition environment, and perlecan provides cytoprotection, shields disc cells from excessive compressive forces, and sequesters a range of growth factors in the disc cell environment where they aid in cellular survival, proliferation, and differentiation. The cells in mechanically destabilized connective tissues attempt to re‐establish optimal tissue composition and tissue functional properties by changing the properties of their ECM, in the process of chondroid metaplasia. We explore the possibility that perlecan assists in these cell‐mediated tissue remodeling responses by regulating disc cell anabolism. Perlecan's mechano‐osmotic transductive property may be of potential therapeutic application.
Umbilical Vein Flows and Cardiac Size, Shape, and Ventricular Contractility in Fetuses With Estimated Weight Less‐Than 10th Centile
Authors: Putra Manesha , Peek Emma Elizabeth Helen , Devore Greggory R. , Hobbins John C. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesIn a cohort of patients with estimated fetal weights (EFWs) <10th centile, we aimed 1) to compare the prevalence of abnormalities of fetal 4‐chamber view (4CV) cardiac size, shape, and ventricular contractility in fetal growth restricted (FGR) and small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses and 2) to compare umbilical vein flow (UVF) measurements to standard Doppler surveillance in predicting abnormalities of cardiac function.MethodsProspective observational cohort study of fetuses with EFW <10th percentile. Measurements of size and shape used were 4CV transverse width, 4CV cardiac area, 4CV global sphericity index, and right‐to‐left ventricular mid‐chamber width ratio. Variables of contractility used were fractional shortening change at the mid‐ventricle chamber, global longitudinal strain, fractional area change, and left ventricular cardiac output. The UVF and standard Doppler surveillance including umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery, and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) were collected. Control data were from previously published studies.ResultsA total of 95 fetuses with EFWs <10th centile were included in the study. The rates of abnormalities of cardiac size and shape and ventricular contractility were all significantly elevated compared with normally grown control fetuses but similar between FGR and SGA fetuses. In a subset of 76 patients with UVF data, evaluation UVF identified more patients with any abnormality of contractility compared with UA (37.9 vs 17.2%, P = .02).ConclusionsThe addition of UVF doubled the detection rate of ventricular contractility abnormalities. The addition of UVF should be considered in the surveillance of FGR and SGA fetuses to further stratify the severity of hypoxemia and to identify those at greater risk for future cardiovascular dysfunction.
Preparation and Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Novel Axial Fullerenol‐Substituted Phthalocyanines
Authors: Xu Rui , Xu Haonan , Zhu Min , Li Wei , Zhang Yunhe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research presents the optical limiting properties of a novel axially linked D‐A type compound, LaPc‐C60(OH)n, where lanthanide phthalocyanine serves as the donor and fullerenol as the acceptor. The incorporation of fullerenol expands the π‐conjugated system, decreases the aggregation of the phthalocyanine, and significantly increases the solubility of the compound. The establishment of this D‐A system promotes intramolecular electron transfer, effectively improving both the non‐linear optical (NLO) response and optical limiting properties. In addition, homogeneous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite films (LaPc‐C60(OH)n/PMMA) are prepared using a simple solution casting method. Compared to fullerenol or lanthanum phthalocyanine individually, LaPc‐C60(OH)n exhibited a superior NLO response both in solution and in the solid composite film. In particular, LaPc‐C60(OH)n/PMMA demonstrated an increase in the non‐linear absorption coefficient (2050 cm GW−1) and a larger third‐order magnetization (1.84 × 10−8 esu). In addition to exhibiting an excellent NLO response at 532 nm, LaPc‐C60(OH)n also shows significant NLO enhancement at 1064 nm, extending the limiting range into the near‐infrared region. This behavior is attributed to different nonlinear absorption mechanisms and the synergistic effect that arise from the photo‐induced electron transfer process between the fullerenol and LaPc.
Highly Stretchable, Transparent, Self‐Healing Ion‐Conducting Elastomers for Long‐Term Reliable Human Motion Detection
Authors: Yang Haoyu , Wu Meng , Pan Mingfei , Zhou Chengliang , Sun Yongxiang , Huang Pan , Yang Lin , Liu Jifang , Zeng Hongbo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe flexible electronic sensor is a critical component of wearable devices, generally requiring high stretchability, excellent transmittance, conductivity, self‐healing capability, and strong adhesion. However, designing ion‐conducting elastomers meeting all these requirements simultaneously remains a challenge. In this study, a novel approach is presented to fabricate highly stretchable, transparent, and self‐healing ion‐conducting elastomers, which are synthesized via photo‐polymerization of two polymerizable deep eutectic solvents (PDESs) monomers, i.e., methacrylic acid (MAA)/choline chloride (ChCl) and itaconic acid (IA)/ChCl. The as‐prepared ion‐conducting elastomers possess outstanding properties, including high transparency, conductivity, and the capability to adhere to various substrates. The elastomers also demonstrate ultra‐stretchability (up to 3900%) owing to a combination of covalent cross‐linking and noncovalent cross‐linking. In addition, the elastomers can recover up to 3250% strain and over 94.5% of their original conductivity after self‐healing at room temperature for 5 min, indicating remarkable mechanical and conductive self‐healing abilities. When utilized as strain sensors to monitor real‐time motion of human fingers, wrist, elbow, and knee joints, the elastomers exhibit stable and strong repetitive electrical signals, demonstrating excellent sensing performance for large‐scale movements of the human body. It is anticipated that these ion‐conducting elastomers will find promising applications in flexible and wearable electronics.