bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The syphilis care cascade: tracking the course of care after screening positive among men and transgender women who have sex with men in Lima, Peru
Authors: Tang Eric C , Segura Eddy R , Clark Jesse L , Sanchez Jorge , Lama Javier R 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesSyphilis is endemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women in Latin America. The objective of this study was to assess if those who screen positive for syphilis are receiving appropriate care and treatment.MethodsWe use data from the 2011 Peruvian National HIV Sentinel Surveillance to describe the syphilis care cascade among high-risk MSM and transgender women. Medical records from participants who had a positive syphilis screening test at two of the enrolment sites in Lima were reviewed to determine their subsequent course of care.ResultsWe identified a cohort of 314 syphilis seropositive participants (median age: 30, 33.7% self-identified as transgender). Only 284/314 (90.4%) participants saw a physician for evaluation within 28 days of their positive test. Of these, 72/284 (25.4%) were asked to return for confirmatory results before deciding whether or not to start treatment; however, 45/72 (62.5%) of these participants did not follow up within 28 days. Of the people prescribed three weekly doses of penicillin, 34/63 (54%) received all three doses on time.ConclusionsMany MSM and transgender women with a positive syphilis screening test are lost at various steps along the syphilis care cascade and may have persistent infection. Interventions in this population are needed to increase testing, link seropositive patients into care and ensure that they receive appropriate and timely treatment.
Impact of the introduction of an integrated adult retrieval service on major trauma outcomes
Authors: Kennedy Marcus P , Gabbe Belinda J , McKenzie Ben A 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to examine the impact of the introduction of an integrated adult critical care patient retrieval system in Victoria, Australia, on early clinical outcomes for major trauma patients who undergo interhospital transfer. The secondary aims were to examine the impact on quality and process measures for interhospital transfers in this population, and on longer-term patient-reported outcomes.MethodsThis is a cohort study using data contained in the Victorian State Trauma Registry (VSTR) for major trauma patients >18 years of age between 2009 and 2013 who had undergone interhospital transfer. For eligible patients, data items were extracted from the VSTR for analysis: demographics, injury details, hospital details, transfer details, Adult Retrieval Victoria (ARV) coordination indicator and transfer indicator, key clinical observations and outcomes.ResultsThere were 3009 major trauma interhospital transfers in the state with a transfer time less than 24 h. ARV was contacted for 1174 (39.0%) transfers. ARV-coordinated metropolitan transfers demonstrated lower adjusted odds of inhospital mortality compared with metropolitan transfers occurring without ARV coordination (OR 0.39, 0.15 to 0.97). Adjusting for destination hospital type demonstrates that this impact was principally due to ARV facilitation of a Major Trauma Service as the destination for transferred patients (OR 0.41, 0.16 to 1.02). The median time spent at the referral hospital was lower for ARV-coordinated transfers (5.4 h (3.8 to 7.5) vs 6.1 (4.2 to 9.2), p<0.0001).ConclusionsIn a mature trauma system, an effective retrieval service can further reduce mortality and improve long-term outcomes.
Molecular Pathways: Hippo Signaling, a Critical Tumor Suppressor
Authors: Sebio Ana , Lenz Heinz-Josef 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The Salvador–Warts–Hippo pathway controls cell fate and tissue growth. The main function of the Hippo pathway is to prevent YAP and TAZ translocation to the nucleus where they induce the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation, survival, and stem cell maintenance. Hippo signaling is, thus, a complex tumor suppressor, and its deregulation is a key feature in many cancers. Recent mounting evidence suggests that the overexpression of Hippo components can be useful prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, Hippo signaling appears to be intimately linked to some of the most important signaling pathways involved in cancer development and progression. A better understanding of the Hippo pathway is thus essential to untangle tumor biology and to develop novel anticancer therapies. Here, we comment on the progress made in understanding Hippo signaling and its connections, and also on how new drugs modulating this pathway, such as Verteporfin and C19, are highly promising cancer therapeutics. Clin Cancer Res; 21(22); 5002–7. ©2015 AACR.
Cerebellar Cortical Infarct Cavities
Authors: De Cocker Laurens J.L. , Kloppenborg Raoul P. , van der Graaf Yolanda , Luijten Peter R. , Hendrikse Jeroen , Geerlings Mirjam I. ,   Members of the SMART study group are, Algra A. , Grobbee D.E. , Rutten G.E.H.M. , Visseren F.L.J. , Moll F.L. , Kappelle L.J. , Mali W.P.T.M. , Doevendans P.A. 
Published: September 2015

Background and Purpose—
Small cerebellar infarct cavities have been recently found on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to preferentially involve the cerebellar cortex, but epidemiological studies are lacking. We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factor profiles of cerebellar cortical infarct cavities (≤1.5 cm) as well as their association with MRI markers of cerebrovascular disease and functioning.

Methods—
We analyzed the 1.5 Tesla MRI of 636 patients (mean age, 62±9 years; 81% men) from the Second Manifestations of Arterial Disease-Memory, Depression and Aging (SMART-Medea) study. Logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the associations of age, sex, vascular risk factors, MRI markers of cerebrovascular disease, and functioning with cerebellar cortical cavities, adjusted for age and sex.

Results—
Cerebellar cortical infarct cavities occurred on MRI in 10% of patients and were significantly associated with age, intima-media thickness (odds ratio [OR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–3.7), high levels of homocysteinemia (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0–3.3), cortical infarcts (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.6–5.4), gray matter lacunes of presumed vascular origin (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.6–5.8), brain stem infarcts (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.9–13.6), and decreased brain parenchymal fraction (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74–0.94), but not with white matter hyperintensities (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.8–1.8) or white matter lacunes of presumed vascular origin (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.5–2.5). They were also associated with worse physical functioning (OR 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94 to 0.99) but not with mental functioning.

Conclusions—
Cerebellar cortical infarct cavities are far more common than previously assumed based on symptomatic case series and are associated with markers of atherothromboembolic cerebrovascular disease.
Ultrasound and Clinical Predictors of Recurrent Ischemia in Symptomatic Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion
Authors: Schneider Juliane , Sick Beate , Luft Andreas R. , Wegener Susanne 
Published: September 2015

Background and Purpose—
Occlusion of the internal carotid artery puts patients at risk of recurrent ischemic events because of hemodynamic compromise. Our goal was to characterize clinical and duplex parameters indicating patients at risk of recurrent ischemia.

Methods—
We retrospectively identified patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion. Clinical characteristics and ultrasound parameters, including collateral networks, were analyzed. Predictors for recurrent ipsilateral ischemia were investigated by Cox regression analysis.

Results—

Of 68 patients, at least 1 recurrent ischemic event within the same vascular territory was observed in 14 patients (20.6%) within 2 to 92 days (median, 29.5 days). The median follow-up period was 6 months. Diabetes mellitus and previous transient ischemic attack were associated with recurrence, as was activation of the maximum number of collateral pathways on transcranial ultrasound (28.6% versus 5.6%;
P
=0.03). Furthermore, flow in the posterior cerebral arteries was higher in patients with recurrence in ipsilateral and contralateral posterior cerebral artery P2 segments (76 IQR 37.5 versus 59, IQR 22.5 cm/s and 68, IQR 35.6 versus 52, IQR 21 cm/s;
P
<0.01 and 0.02).

Conclusions—
Flow increases in both posterior cerebral artery P2 segments suggest intensified compensatory efforts when other collaterals are insufficient. Together with the presence of diabetes mellitus and a history of transient ischemic attack, this duplex parameter indicates that patients with internal carotid artery are at particular risk of recurrent ischemia.
Bridging Research to Operations Transitions: Status and Plans of Community GSI
Authors: Shao Hui , Derber John , Huang Xiang-Yu , Hu Ming , Newman Kathryn , Stark Donald , Lueken Michael , Zhou Chunhua , Nance Louisa , Kuo Ying-Hwa , Brown Barbara 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
With a goal of improving operational numerical weather prediction (NWP), the Developmental Testbed Center (DTC) has been working with operational centers, including, among others, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the U.S. Air Force, to support numerical models/systems and their research, perform objective testing and evaluation of NWP methods, and facilitate research-to-operations transitions. This article introduces the first attempt of the DTC in the data assimilation area to help achieve this goal. Since 2009, the DTC, NCEP’s Environmental Modeling Center (EMC), and other developers have made significant progress in transitioning the operational Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system into a community-based code management framework. Currently, GSI is provided to the public with user support and is open for contributions from internal developers as well as the broader research community, following the same code transition procedures. This article introduces measures and steps taken during this community GSI effort followed by discussions of encountered challenges and issues. The purpose of this article is to promote contributions from the research community to operational data assimilation capabilities and, furthermore, to seek potential solutions to stimulate such a transition and, eventually, improve the NWP capabilities in the United States.
The North American Cordillera—An Impediment to Growing the Continent-Wide Laurentide Ice Sheet
Authors: Löfverström Marcus , Liakka Johan , Kleman Johan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This study examines the evolution of a continental-scale ice sheet on a triangular representation of North America, with and without the influence of the Cordilleran region. Simulations are conducted using a comprehensive atmospheric general circulation model asynchronously coupled to a three-dimensional thermomechanical ice-sheet model. The atmospheric state is updated for every 2 × 106 km3 increase in ice volume, and the coupled model is integrated to steady state. In the first experiment a flat continent with no background topography is used. The ice sheet evolves fairly zonally symmetric, and the equilibrium state is continent-wide and has the highest point in the center of the continent. This equilibrium ice sheet forces an anticyclonic circulation that results in relatively warmer (cooler) summer surface temperatures in the northwest (southeast), owing to warm (cold) air advection and radiative heating due to reduced cloudiness. The second experiment includes a simplified representation of the Cordilleran region. The ice sheet’s equilibrium state is here structurally different from the flat continent case; the center of mass is strongly shifted to the east and the interior of the continent remains ice free—an outline broadly resembling the geologically determined ice margin in Marine Isotope Stage 4. The limited glaciation in the continental interior is the result of warm summer surface temperatures primarily due to stationary waves and radiative feedbacks.
AID-associated DNA repair pathways regulate malignant transformation in a murine model of BCL6-driven diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Gu Xiwen , Booth Carmen J. , Liu Zongzhi , Strout Matthew P. 
Published: September 2015

Key Points
The combined effects of AID-associated base excision and MMR delay the development of BCL6-driven DLBCL. UNG single deficiency prevents the development of BCL6-driven DLBCL.
Risk factors for foot ulceration in adults with end‐stage renal disease on dialysis: study protocol for a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Kaminski Michelle R. , Raspovic Anita , McMahon Lawrence P. , Erbas Bircan , Landorf Karl B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundAdults with end‐stage renal disease treated with dialysis experience a high burden of foot ulceration and lower extremity amputation. However, the risk factors for foot ulceration in the dialysis population are incompletely understood due to the lack of high‐quality prospective evidence. This article outlines the design of a prospective observational cohort study, which aims to investigate the risk factors for foot ulceration in adults on dialysis.Methods/DesignThis study will recruit 430 participants with end‐stage renal disease on dialysis from satellite and home‐therapy dialysis units across multiple health organisations in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Data collection at baseline will include a participant interview, medical record review, completion of a health‐status questionnaire and a non‐invasive foot assessment. Twenty participants will also be recruited to a reliability study to evaluate the reproducibility of testing procedures. Primary outcome data includes: new foot ulcer(s). Secondary outcome data includes: number of new foot ulcers, time to onset of new foot ulcer(s), new lower extremity amputation(s), episodes of infection of the foot or lower extremity, episodes of osteomyelitis, foot‐related hospitalisations, revascularisation procedure(s) of the lower extremity, new podiatry interventions, kidney transplantation, and mortality. Participants will be assessed at baseline, and at 12 months they will be evaluated for the primary and secondary outcomes. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models will be used to assess predictors of new foot ulceration and time to event secondary outcomes. Logistic regression will be used for binary outcomes including prevalence of foot ulcerations.DiscussionThis is the first multi‐centre prospective observational cohort study to investigate risk factors for foot ulceration in adults with end‐stage renal disease on dialysis. This study will improve on prior studies by using prospective methods, multi‐centre recruitment, statistical methods to control for confounding variables, and a pre‐specified sample size estimation. The findings can inform the design of future trials evaluating the effectiveness of clinical interventions, which may lead to improved patient outcomes in the dialysis setting.
Depression as a predictor of postoperative functional performance status (PFPS) and treatment adherence in head and neck cancer patients: A prospective study
Authors: Barber Brittany , Dergousoff Jace , Nesbitt Margaret , Mitchell Nicholas , Harris Jeffrey , O'Connell Daniel , Côté David , Biron Vincent , Seikaly Hadi 
Published: September 2015

Background Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a debilitating disease due in part to its effects on function, including speech, swallowing, and cosmesis. Previous studies regarding depression in HNC have focused on demographic predictors, incidence, and quality of life studies. There is, however, a paucity of studies that objectively address depressive symptoms in HNC patients and the resultant effects on post-treatment functional performance status. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between preoperative depressive symptoms (PDS) and postoperative functional performance status (PFPS), in addition to other predictors of rehabilitation and survival. Methods A prospective cohort study was undertaken at the University of Alberta, including all new adult HNC patients undergoing surgery as primary therapy for HNC from May 2013 to January 2014. Baseline depressive symptoms were measured on the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS) questionnaire 2 weeks preoperatively and PFPS was assessed 12 months postoperatively on the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head & Neck (FACT-HN) scale. Secondary outcomes included completion of adjuvant therapy, narcotic dependence, return to detrimental habits, loss of follow-up, and length of hospital stay (LOHS). Differences between the Normal-Mild and Moderate-Severe QIDS groups were assessed using Mann–Whitney and Fischer Exact statistical analyses. Results Seventy-one patients were included in the study. Mild and Moderate-Severe PDS were 35.2 % and 18.3 %, respectively. Significantly lower FACT-HN scores were noted in the Moderate-Severe group at 12 months (p = 0.03). The risk ratio (RR) for FACT-HN score < 50 % at 12 months in the Moderate-Severe group was 5.66. In addition, significantly lower completion of adjuvant treatment (p = 0.03), significantly higher incidence of narcotic dependence (p = 0.004), and significantly higher LOHS (24 days vs. 18 days; p = 0.02) was observed in the Moderate-Severe group. There was no significant difference in loss of follow-up between the 2 groups (p = 0.64). Conclusions The incidence and severity of PDS in HNC patients treated with surgery is high (53.5 %). Patients with Moderate-Severe PDS have significantly decreased PFPS, increased narcotic use, decreased completion of adjuvant therapy, and a longer LOHS. HNC patients should be monitored closely for depressive symptoms.
High-quality permanent draft genome sequence of the Lebeckia - nodulating Burkholderia dilworthii strain WSM3556T
Authors: De Meyer Sofie E. , Tian Rui , Seshadri Rekha , Ivanova Natalia , Pati Amrita , Markowitz Victor , Woyke Tanja , Yates Ron , Howieson John , Kyrpides Nikos , Reeve Wayne 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBurkholderia dilworthii strain WSM3556T is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that was isolated from an effective N2-fixing root nodule of Lebeckia ambigua collected near Grotto Bay Nature Reserve, in the Western Cape of South Africa, in October 2004. This plant persists in infertile and deep sandy soils with acidic pH, and is therefore an ideal candidate for a perennial based agriculture system in Western Australia. WSM3556T thus represents a potential inoculant quality strain for L. ambigua for which we describe the general features, together with genome sequence and annotation. The 7,679,067 bp high-quality permanent draft genome is arranged in 140 scaffolds of 141 contigs, contains 7,059 protein-coding genes and 64 RNA-only encoding genes, and is part of the GEBA-RNB project proposal.
Analysis of IgM antibody production and repertoire in a mouse model of Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Kramer Jill M , Holodick Nichol E , Vizconde Teresa C , Raman Indu , Yan Mei , Li Quan-Zhen , Gaile Daniel P , Rothstein Thomas L 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that B cells from salivary tissue are distinct in terms of proliferative capacity, immunoglobulin M secretion, repertoire, and autoantibody enrichment in Sjögren’s syndrome. We sorted purified B cells from the spleen, cervical lymph nodes, and submandibular glands of a primary Sjögren’s syndrome mouse model (Id3−/−). Enzyme-linked immunospot and proliferation assays were performed with stimulated B cells. We single-cell sorted B cells from the spleen, cervical lymph nodes, and submandibular gland tissue from Sjögren’s syndrome mice and sequenced immunoglobulin M heavy-chain variable regions. Finally, autoantigen arrays were performed using immunoglobulin M derived from sera, cervical lymph nodes, spleens, and submandibular gland tissue of Id3−/− animals. Results suggest B cells from salivary tissue of Sjögren’s syndrome mice are similar to those from secondary immune sites in terms of proliferative and secretory capacity. However, differences in repertoire usage, heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 length, mutational frequency, and N region addition were observed among B cells derived from submandibular gland, cervical lymph node, and spleen tissue. Moreover, autoantigen array data show immunoglobulin M from salivary B cells have enriched specificity for Ro (Sjögren’s syndrome A) and La (Sjögren’s syndrome B). All together, these data suggest salivary B cells have unique repertoire characteristics that likely influence autoantigen binding and contribute to Sjögren’s syndrome disease in a tissue-specific manner.
Why be a photographic image?
Authors: Toister Yanai 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Many contemporary imaging systems share a striking quality: their output need not be limited to images. Instead the raw data such systems collect and generate can just as easily appear as acoustic signals or as text. Furthermore, of those images an unexpected proportion bears the familiar form of the photograph. These two phenomena, I argue, stem from an unconditioned bias towards images, on our behalf, and from the cognitive accessibility of photographic images in particular. This should be seen as a unique epistemic advantage. Arguably, this advantage has not diminished much in the course of the last decades. This is especially surprising given the wide anxiety about the ‘end’ of photography and what will, or has, come after it. Confusingly, this anxiety has given rise to the term analogue photography, which is, I argue, somewhat misguided. Accordingly I propose revised definitions for the terms ‘analogue’ and ‘digital’ in respect to photography. These facilitate an alternative understanding of what photographic images are.
Checklist of the marine flora of Nha Trang Bay (Vietnam, South China Sea) and decadal changes in the species diversity composition between 1953 and 2010
Authors: Titlyanov Eduard A. , Titlyanova Tamara V. , Belous Oksana S. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The first complete checklist of the intertidal and subtidal marine algae (Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta) of Nha Trang Bay (Vietnam) is presented. A brief history of the species records in the bay between 1953 and 2010 is documented. A total of 481 macroalgal taxa and their forms have been found, including 275 red (57%), 121 green (25%) and 85 brown (18%) algal taxa. The data, analyzed in terms of time period, revealed shifts in the number of species in most of the taxonomic families. However, the most interesting differences between the time periods occurred in the overall algal species diversity and in the floristic ratios (red: brown: green algae). The collections sampled in 1953–1968 and those in 1982–1987 did not change significantly in either species diversity or floristic composition, but a comparison of the collections from 1953 to 1987 and from 2002 to 2010 revealed substantial differences. In 2002–2010, the absolute and relative numbers of green algal species increased while those of red and brown algal species decreased. Our background data indicate that this change is likely due to increasing seawater pollution caused by dissolved organic and inorganic substances. The increase in the number of green algal species is due primarily to the greater number of species in the Caulerpaceae, Ulvaceae and Cladophoraceae, all families that thrive in polluted water.