bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus infection in women in four regions of Senegal
Authors: Mbaye El Hadji Seydou , Gheit Tarik , Dem Ahmadou , McKay‐Chopin Sandrine , Toure‐Kane Ndeye Coumba , Mboup Souleymane , Tommasino Massimo , Sylla Bakary S. , Boye Cheikh Saad Bouh 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCervical cancer is the most frequent cancer among women in Senegal. However, there are few data concerning the human papillomavirus (HPV) types inducing neoplasia and cervical cancers and their prevalence in the general population of Senegal. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of HPV infection in Senegalese women aged 18 years and older in Dakar Region and three other regions. Cervical samples were collected from 498 women aged 18–80 years (mean, 42.1 years) in Dakar Region. Also, 438 samples were collected from three other regions: Thiès, Saint‐Louis, and Louga. The samples were screened for 21 HPV genotypes using an HPV type‐specific E7 PCR bead‐based multiplex genotyping assay (TS‐MPG). The prevalence of high risk (HR)‐HPV in Dakar Region was 17.4%. HPV 52 (3.2%) was the most prevalent HPV type, followed by HPV 31 (3.0%) and HPV 16, 45, and 53 (all 2.8%). In the Thiès, Saint‐Louis, and Louga Regions, the prevalence of HR‐HPV was 23.2%, 13.1%, and 19.4%, respectively. The study revealed the specificity of HPV prevalence in Dakar Region and other regions of Senegal. The observed patterns show some differences compared with other regions of the world. These findings raise the possibility that, in addition to HPV 16 and HPV 18, other HPV types should be considered for a vaccination program in Senegal. However, additional studies to determine the HPV type distribution in cervical cancer specimens in Senegal are required to further corroborate this hypothesis. J. Med. Virol. 86:248–256, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nutritional properties of einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.)
Authors: Hidalgo Alyssa , Brandolini Andrea 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe hulled wheat einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum), a staple food of early farmers for many thousand years, today is cropped only in small areas of the Mediterranean region and continental Europe. Increasing attention to the nutritional quality of foods has fostered renewed interest in this low‐impact crop. The reappraisal of einkorn quality evidenced that this ancient wheat has some dietary advantages over polyploid wheats. Einkorn wholemeal is poor in dietary fibre but rich in proteins, lipids (mostly unsaturated fatty acids), fructans and trace elements (including zinc and iron). The good concentration of several antioxidant compounds (carotenoids, tocols, conjugated polyphenols, alkylresorcinols and phytosterols) and low β‐amylase and lipoxygenase activities (which limit antioxidant degradation during food processing) contribute to the excellent nutritional properties of its flour, superior to those of other wheats. Conversely, einkorn has relatively low bound polyphenol content and high polyphenol oxidase activity. In spite of eliciting weaker toxic reactions than other Triticum species, einkorn is not suitable for coeliacs. Current trends towards the consumption of functional foods suggest that this cereal may still play a significant role in human consumption, especially in the development of new or special foods with superior nutritional quality. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of the moisture content of forced hot air on the postharvest quality and bioactive compounds of mango fruit (Mangifera indica L. cv. Manila)
Authors: Ornelas‐Paz José de Jesús , Yahia Elhadi M 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effectiveness of hot air treatments in controlling decay and insects in mango fruit has been demonstrated and has usually been assessed as a function of the temperature of the heated air and the duration of the treatment. However, the contribution of the moisture content of the heated air has received little attention, especially with regard to fruit quality. In this study, mango fruits (cv. Manila) at mature‐green stage were treated with moist (95% relative humidity (RH)) or dry (50% RH) hot forced air (43 °C, at 2.5 m s−1 for 220 min) and then held at 20 °C for 9 days and evaluated periodically.RESULTSThe heating rate was higher with moist air. Treatments with moist and dry air did not cause injury to the fruit. Treatment with moist air temporarily slowed down color development, softening, weight loss and β‐carotene biosynthesis. This slowing down was clearly observed during the first 4–5 days at 20 °C. However, non‐heated fruit and fruit heated with dry air showed similar quality at the end of storage.CONCLUSIONThe moisture content of the heating air differentially modulated the postharvest ripening of ‘Manila’ mangoes. Moist air temporarily slowed down the ripening process of this mango cultivar. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Polyphenolic compounds in date fruit seed (Phoenix dactylifera): characterisation and quantification by using UPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS
Authors: Habib Hosam M , Platat Carine , Meudec Emmanuelle , Cheynier Veronique , Ibrahim Wissam H 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundDate fruit seeds have been demonstrated to possess high antioxidant activities due to their high content of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The objective of this work was to identify and quantify the phenolic composition of date seeds.MethodsTwo UPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS analyses were performed on the seed of the Khalas variety as follows: (1) an analysis of simple phenolic compounds [phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, flavones, flavan‐3‐ols (monomers, dimers and trimers)]; and (2) an analysis of all flavan‐3‐ols (monomers, and proanthocyanidin oligomers and polymers) after depolymerisation.ResultsThe amount of total phenolic compounds before depolymerisation was found to be 2.194 ± 0.040 g kg−1 date seed. The analysis of flavan‐3‐ol monomers and constitutive units of proanthocyanidins after depolymerisation revealed 50.180 ± 1.360 g kg−1 flavan‐3‐ols with 46.800 ± 1.012 g kg−1 epicatechin and 3.380 ± 0.349 g kg−1 catechin.ConclusionThe results indicate that date seeds are a very rich source of bioactive compounds, thus constituting strong candidates for functional food additives and nutraceuticals. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Increasing the Open‐Circuit Voltage in High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaic Devices through Conformational Twisting of an Indacenodithiophene‐Based Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Chen Chih‐Ping , Hsu Hsiang‐Lin 
Published: September 2013

A fused ladder indacenodithiophene (IDT)‐based donor–acceptor (D–A)‐type alternating conjugated polymer, PIDTHT‐BT, presenting n‐hexylthiophene conjugated side chains is prepared. By extending the degree of intramolecular repulsion through the conjugated side chain moieties, an energy level for the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of –5.46 eV – a value approximately 0.27 eV lower than that of its counterpart PIDTDT‐BT – is obtained, subsequently providing a fabricated solar cell with a high open‐circuit voltage of approximately 0.947 V. The hole mobility (determined using the space charge‐limited current model) in a blend film containing 20 wt% PIDTHT‐BT) and 80 wt% [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) is 2.2 × 10–9 m2 V–1 s–1, which is within the range of reasonable values for applications in organic photovoltaics. The power conversion efficiency is 4.5% under simulated solar illumination (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm–2).
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A fully convex reformulation of the original Matsuoka–Nakai failure criterion and its implicit numerically efficient integration algorithm
Authors: Panteghini Andrea , Lagioia Rocco 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a reformulation of the original Matsuoka–Nakai criterion for overcoming the limitations which make its use in a stress point algorithm problematic. In fact, its graphical representation in the principal stress space is not convex as it comprises more branches, plotting also in negative octants, and it does not increase monotonically as the distance of the stress point from the failure surface rises. The proposed mathematical reformulation plots as a single, convex surface, which entirely lies in the positive octant of the stress space and evaluates to a quantity which monotonically increases as the stress point moves away from the failure surface. It is an exact reproduction, and not an approximated one, of the only significant branch of the original criterion. It is also suitable for shaping in the deviatoric plane the yield and plastic potential surfaces of complex constitutive models. A very efficient numerical algorithm for the implicit integration of the proposed formulation is presented, which enables the evaluation of the stress at the end of each increment by solving a single scalar equation, both for associated and non‐associated plasticity. The algorithm can be easily adapted for other smooth surfaces with linear meridian section. Finally, a close expression of the consistent Jacobian matrix is given for achieving quadratic convergence in the external structural newton loop. It is shown that all this results in extremely fast solutions of boundary value problems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bewegung bitte!
Authors: Feltges Harald 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSensoren, die Gesten oder Bewegungen im Raum registrieren, kennen die meisten Menschen von Computerspielen. Hersteller von Laptops und Tablet‐Computern arbeiten an ähnlichen Technologien für die Steuerung und Eingabe. Auch die Automobilindustrie setzt für Bedienelemente und Sicherheitssysteme auf die neue Technik. Je nach Anwendung nutzen Lösungen zur Bewegungserkennung intelligente Reflexsensoren, Kameras oder Methoden der Laufzeitmessung. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Technik sowie die eingesetzten Komponenten für die verschiedenen Varianten.
New drug targets in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Homet Blanca , Ribas Antoni 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOver the past 30 years, and despite extensive clinical research, the treatment options for metastatic melanoma have been limited. Single‐agent and combination chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, biochemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted agent therapy and combination regimes have failed to show significant improvement in overall survival. Recent advances and in‐depth understanding of the biology of melanoma have contributed in the development of new agents and to a change in the consideration of melanoma as one of the most therapy‐resistant malignancies. Since the discovery of activating mutations in the BRAF oncogene, there has been remarkable progress in the development of targeted therapies for unresectable and metastatic melanoma, with unprecedentedly high response rates. Inactivation of immune regulatory checkpoints that limit T cell responses to melanoma has provided clinically validated targets for cancer immunotherapy, resulting in durable tumour responses. The combination of both approaches may result in additional benefits. Here we discuss current molecular targeted treatment options, immunotherapy and promising ongoing research to develop new strategies to treat melanoma. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pathology is a necessary and informative tool in oncology clinical trials
Authors: Nagtegaal Iris D , West Nicholas P , van Krieken J Han JM , Quirke Phil 
Published: September 2013

AbstractClinical trials are essential for the improvement of cancer care. The complexity of modern cancer care and research require careful design, for which input from all disciplines is necessary. Pathologists should play a key role in the design and execution of modern cancer trials, with special attention to the eligibility, stratification and evaluation of response to therapy. In the current review all these aspects are discussed, with examples from colorectal cancer trials. We describe critical issues in biomarker evaluation and development and emphasize the importance of the role of the pathologist in quality control of cancer treatment. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational analysis of the full‐length M2 protein of the influenza A virus using solid‐state NMR
Authors: Liao Shu Yu , Fritzsching Keith J. , Hong Mei 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe influenza A M2 protein forms a proton channel for virus infection and mediates virus assembly and budding. While extensive structural information is known about the transmembrane helix and an adjacent amphipathic helix, the conformation of the N‐terminal ectodomain and the C‐terminal cytoplasmic tail remains largely unknown. Using two‐dimensional (2D) magic‐angle‐spinning solid‐state NMR, we have investigated the secondary structure and dynamics of full‐length M2 (M2FL) and found them to depend on the membrane composition. In 2D 13C DARR correlation spectra, 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DMPC)‐bound M2FL exhibits several peaks at β‐sheet chemical shifts, which result from water‐exposed extramembrane residues. In contrast, M2FL bound to cholesterol‐containing membranes gives predominantly α‐helical chemical shifts. Two‐dimensional J‐INADEQUATE spectra and variable‐temperature 13C spectra indicate that DMPC‐bound M2FL is highly dynamic while the cholesterol‐containing membranes significantly immobilize the protein at physiological temperature. Chemical‐shift prediction for various secondary‐structure models suggests that the β‐strand is located at the N‐terminus of the DMPC‐bound protein, while the cytoplasmic domain is unstructured. This prediction is confirmed by the 2D DARR spectrum of the ectodomain‐truncated M2(21–97), which no longer exhibits β‐sheet chemical shifts in the DMPC‐bound state. We propose that the M2 conformational change results from the influence of cholesterol, and the increased helicity of M2FL in cholesterol‐rich membranes may be relevant for M2 interaction with the matrix protein M1 during virus assembly and budding. The successful determination of the β‐strand location suggests that chemical‐shift prediction is a promising approach for obtaining structural information of disordered proteins before resonance assignment.
A Novel Negative Regulator of Adipogenesis: MicroRNA-363
Authors: Chen Lin , Cui Junhui , Hou Jia , Long Jie , Li Cai , Liu Lei 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) into adipocytes involves a highly orchestrated series of events that includes cell lineage commitment, mitotic clonal expansion, growth arrest, and terminal differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling adipogenesis are not yet completely understood. In this study, we investigated whether microRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in adipocyte differentiation. Microarray analysis was performed to determine the miRNA expression profile during ADSC differentiation, and miR-363 was found to be one of the most significantly downregulated miRNAs. We show that the overexpression of miR-363 in ADSCs inhibited mitotic clonal expansion and terminal differentiation. Furthermore, ectopic introduction of miR-363 into ADSCs markedly reduced the levels of E2F3, a key transcription factor that regulates growth and proliferation during mitotic clonal expansion. Finally, using an EGFP/RFP reporter assay, we demonstrate that miR-363 can directly target the 3′UTR of E2F3. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-363 regulates the transition from mitotic clonal expansion to terminal differentiation during adipogenesis in ADSCs, at least in part, by targeting E2F3. Stem Cells 2014;32:510–520
Surfaceome Profiling Reveals Regulators of Neural Stem Cell Function
Authors: DeVeale Brian , Bausch-Fluck Damaris , Seaberg Raewyn , Runciman Susan , Akbarian Vahe , Karpowicz Phillip , Yoon Charles , Song Hannah , Leeder Rachel , Zandstra Peter W. , Wollscheid Bernd , Kooy Derek 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The composition of cell-surface proteins changes during lineage specification, altering cellular responses to their milieu. The changes that characterize maturation of early neural stem cells (NSCs) remain poorly understood. Here we use mass spectrometry-based cell surface capture technology to profile the cell surface of early NSCs and demonstrate functional requirements for several enriched molecules. Primitive NSCs arise from embryonic stem cells upon removal of Transforming growth factor-β signaling, while definitive NSCs arise from primitive NSCs upon Lif removal and FGF addition. In vivo aggregation assays revealed that N-cadherin upregulation is sufficient for the initial exclusion of definitive NSCs from pluripotent ectoderm, while c-kit signaling limits progeny of primitive NSCs. Furthermore, we implicate EphA4 in primitive NSC survival signaling and Erbb2 as being required for NSC proliferation. This work elucidates several key mediators of NSC function whose relevance is confirmed on forebrain-derived populations and identifies a host of other candidates that may regulate NSCs. Stem Cells 2014;32:258–268
Anatomical causes of female infertility and their management
Authors: Abrao Mauricio S. , Muzii Ludovico , Marana Riccardo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe main female anatomical causes of infertility include post‐infectious tubal damage, endometriosis, and congenital/acquired uterine anomalies. Congenital (septate uterus) and acquired (myomas and synechiae) diseases of the uterus may lead to infertility, pregnancy loss, and other obstetric complications. Pelvic inflammatory disease represents the most common cause of tubal damage. Surgery still remains an important option for tubal factor infertility, with results in terms of reproductive outcome that compare favorably with those of in vitro fertilization. Endometriosis is a common gynecologic condition affecting women of reproductive age, which can cause pain and infertility. The cause of infertility associated with endometriosis remains elusive, suggesting a multifactorial mechanism involving immunologic, genetic, and environmental factors. Despite the high prevalence of endometriosis, the exact mechanisms of its pathogenesis are unknown. Specific combinations of medical, surgical, and psychological treatments can ameliorate the quality of life of women with endometriosis. In the majority of cases, surgical treatment of endometriosis has promoted significant increases in fertilization rates. There are obvious associations between endometriosis and the immune system, and future strategies to treat endometriosis might be based on immunologic concepts.
Glucose uptake by the brain on chronic high-protein weight-loss diets with either moderate or low amounts of carbohydrate
Authors: Lobley Gerald E. , Johnstone Alexandra M. , Fyfe Claire , Horgan Graham W. , Holtrop Grietje , Bremner David M. , Broom Iain , Schweiger Lutz , Welch Andy 
Published: September 2013

Previous work has shown that hunger and food intake are lower in individuals on high-protein (HP) diets when combined with low carbohydrate (LC) intakes rather than with moderate carbohydrate (MC) intakes and where a more ketogenic state occurs. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the difference between HPLC and HPMC diets was associated with changes in glucose and ketone body metabolism, particularly within key areas of the brain involved in appetite control. A total of twelve men, mean BMI 34·9 kg/m2, took part in a randomised cross-over trial, with two 4-week periods when isoenergetic fixed-intake diets (8·3 MJ/d) were given, with 30 % of the energy being given as protein and either (1) a very LC (22 g/d; HPLC) or (2) a MC (182 g/d; HPMC) intake. An18fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan of the brain was conducted at the end of each dietary intervention period, following an overnight fast (n4) or 4 h after consumption of a test meal (n8). On the next day, whole-body ketone and glucose metabolism was quantified using [1,2,3,4-13C]acetoacetate, [2,4-13C]3-hydroxybutyrate and [6,6-2H2]glucose. The composite hunger score was 14 % lower (P= 0·013) for the HPLC dietary intervention than for the HPMC diet. Whole-body ketone flux was approximately 4-fold greater for the HPLC dietary intervention than for the HPMC diet (P< 0·001). The 9-fold difference in carbohydrate intakes between the HPLC and HPMC dietary interventions led to a 5 % lower supply of glucose to the brain. Despite this, the uptake of glucose by the fifty-four regions of the brain analysed remained similar for the two dietary interventions. In conclusion, differences in the composite hunger score observed for the two dietary interventions are not associated with the use of alternative fuels by the brain.
Salt, fruit and vegetable consumption and blood pressure development: a longitudinal investigation in healthy children
Authors: Shi Lijie , Krupp Danika , Remer Thomas 
Published: September 2013

Low salt intake and high fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) have been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) in adults. Longitudinal data on the independent effect of both FVI and salt intake on BP in healthy normotensive children are not available yet. In the present study, we aimed to characterise the concomitant influence of salt intake and FVI on BP development throughout childhood and adolescence. We examined 435 healthy subjects, for whom at least three repeated measurements of BP had been taken and who had provided 24 h urine samples and 3 d weighed dietary records between 4 and 18 years of age. BP was measured using a mercury sphygmomanometer (Mercuro 300, WelchAllyn) and salt intake was determined based on 24 h Na excretion. The intra-individual change in salt intake was almost significantly associated with the change in systolic BP (SBP, P= 0·06) and marginally (P= 0·09) with that in diastolic BP (DBP) in puberty, but not in pre-puberty. A 1 g/d increase in salt intake was associated with a 0·2 mmHg increase in SBP. In pre-puberty, but not in puberty, differences in FVI between children predicted between-person variations in SBP and DBP (P= 0·03). Corresponding findings were obtained for 24 h K excretion (a urinary indicator for FVI). A 100 g/d lower FVI was related to a 0·4 mmHg higher BP value. In conclusion, in healthy children and adolescents with BP in the low-normal range, both salt intake and FVI may already start to influence BP, although at a small magnitude. The potential importance of establishing healthy eating habits in childhood for later BP development emphasises the role of higher FVI and lower salt intake in the prevention of hypertension in the long run.
Abelian Semigroups of Matrices on ℂnand Hypercyclicity
Authors: Ayadi Adlene , Marzougui Habib 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe give a complete characterization of a hypercyclic abelian semigroup of matrices on ℂn. For finitely generated semigroups, this characterization is explicit and it is used to determine the minimal number of matrices in normal form over ℂ that form a hypercyclic abelian semigroup on ℂn. In particular, we show that no abelian semigroup generated bynmatrices on ℂncan be hypercyclic.