bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Peristomal Adhesion Formation Between Laparoscopic and Open Low Anterior Resection of Rectal Cancer
Authors: Jeong Woon Kyung , Park Ji Won , Choi Hyo Seong , Jeong Seung‐Yong , Oh Jae Hwan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative adhesions appear to be less common following laparoscopic surgery than after conventional open surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of laparoscopic and conventional open rectal surgery on peristomal adhesion formation.MethodsWe enrolled 97 subjects who were participants in a trial comparing open versus laparoscopic surgery for mid and low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. These patients had undergone rectal cancer surgery with ileostomy formation. Peristomal adhesions were assessed during ileostomy takedown using an adhesion grading system: (1) no adhesions or fine, filmy adhesions separable by blunt dissection; (2) dense adhesions, separable by sharp dissection; (3) very dense adhesions, resulting in enterotomy and/or requiring extension of the abdominal wall incision.ResultsA total of 57 patients underwent laparoscopic resection (group A) and 40 underwent open resection (group B). Operating time for ileostomy dissection was shorter in group A than in group B (14.6 vs. 19.8 min, respectively; p = 0.047). Dense adhesions (grades 2 and 3) were more common in group B (22/40, 55 %) than in group A (12/57, 21 %; p < 0.001). In particular, grade 3 adhesions were present only in group B (6/40).ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that laparoscopic rectal surgery results in less peristomal adhesion formation than does conventional open surgery.
Taurine Supplementation of Plant Derived Protein and n‐3 Fatty Acids are Critical for Optimal Growth and Development of Cobia, Rachycentron canadum
Authors: Watson Aaron M. , Barrows Frederic T. , Place Allen R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe examined growth performance and the lipid content in juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum, fed a taurine supplemented (1.5 %), plant protein based diet with two fish oil replacements. The first fish oil replacement was a thraustochytrid meal (TM + SOY) plus soybean oil (~9 % CL) and the second was a canola oil supplemented with the essential fatty acids (EFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) (~8 % CL). The diet using the thraustochytrid meal plus soybean oil performed equivalently to the fish oil diet; both resulting in significantly higher growth rates, lower feed conversion ratios, and higher survival than the supplemented canola oil diet, even though all three diets were similar in overall energy and met known protein and lipid requirements for cobia. The poor performance of the canola oil diet was attributed to insufficient addition of EFA in the supplemented canola oil source. Increasing levels of EFA in the supplemented canola oil above 0.5 g EFA kg−1 would likely improve results with cobia. When fish fed either of the fish oil replacement diets were switched to the fish oil control diet, fatty acid profiles of the fillets were observed to transition toward that of the fish oil diet and could be predicted based on a standard dilution model. Based on these findings, a formulated diet for cobia can be produced without fish products providing 100 % survivorship, specific growth rates greater than 2.45 and feed conversion ratios less than 1.5, as long as taurine is added and EFA levels are above 0.5 g EFA kg−1.
High frequency oscillatory flows in a slightly rarefied gas according to the Boltzmann–BGK equation
Authors: Nassios Jason , Sader John E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Boltzmann equation provides a rigorous theoretical framework to study dilute gas flows at arbitrary degrees of rarefaction. Asymptotic methods have been applied to steady flows, enabling the development of analytical formulae. For unsteady (oscillatory) flows, two important limits have been studied: (i) at low oscillation frequency and small mean free path, slip models have been derived; and (ii) at high oscillation frequency and large mean free path, the leading-order dynamics are free-molecular. In this article, the complementary case of small mean free path and high oscillation frequency is examined in detail. All walls are solid and of arbitrary smooth shape. We perform a matched asymptotic expansion of the unsteady linearized Boltzmann–BGK equation in the small parameter $\nu / \omega $, where $\nu $ is the collision frequency of gas particles and $\omega $ is the characteristic oscillation frequency of the flow. Critically, an algebraic expression is derived for the perturbed mass distribution function throughout the bulk of the gas away from any walls, at all orders in the frequency ratio $\nu / \omega $. This is supplemented by a boundary layer correction defined by a set of first-order differential equations. This system is solved explicitly and in complete generality. We thus provide analytical expressions up to first order in the frequency ratio, for the density, temperature, mean velocity and stress tensor of the gas, in terms of the temperature and mean velocity of the wall, and the applied body force. In stark contrast to other asymptotic regimes, these explicit formulae eliminate the need to solve a differential equation for a body of arbitrary geometry. To illustrate the utility of these results, we study the oscillatory thermal creep problem for which we find a tangential boundary layer flow arises at first order in the frequency ratio.
Récits idéologiques et logique démocratique : pour une réévaluation de l'idéologie à partir de Claude Lefort et Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Dutrisac Myrtô 
Published: July 2013

Résumé.Mon objectif est de mettre de l'avant une dimension souvent négligée du discours idéologique, dimension positive qui en fait un type de récit politique permettant à un groupe de se nommer et de se définir. Je cherche plus précisément à compléter l'analyse de l'idéologie proposée par Claude Lefort en m'appuyant sur les observations qu'offre Paul Ricoeur sur ce phénomène. Lefort, lecteur de Marx, semble mettre essentiellement de l'avant la dimension dissimulatrice de l'idéologie. Pourtant, il aurait selon moi tout à gagner à reconnaître sa dimension positive, dimension jouant un rôle essentiel dans la construction de l'imaginaire social collectif. Mon hypothèse est la suivante : il ne faut pas négliger cet apport positif du discours idéologique, reconnu par Ricoeur, puisque ce discours, aussi longtemps qu'il reste bien visible, est un moteur essentiel du jeu démocratique. Même quand l'idéologie s'expose comme pur discours de domination, servant à défendre les intérêts d'une classe dominante, elle nourrit la compétition ou la logique démocratique en s'offrant comme un discours d'autorité auquel on peut réagir. L'étude du mouvement du discours idéologique, mouvement entre affirmation et dissimulation, permettrait même d'offrir de nouvelles perspectives de réponse au problème de la crise de l'imaginaire social qui occupe Lefort à l'époque où il publie ses textes sur l'idéologie, à la fin des années soixante-dix.Abstract.Ideology is often perceived as an instrument used by a group of people to secure its domination over others. It is used to disguise certain aspects of social reality. I want to bring forward another dimension of ideology, a positive dimension that makes it a necessary component of the affirmation, and therefore the births, of social groups. To do this, I wish to supplement French philosopher Claude Lefort's analysis of ideology with the addition of a few ideas inspired by the work of one of his peers, Paul Ricoeur. Lefort, a reader of Marx, focuses essentially on the dissimulative dimension of this phenomenon. By doing so, he does not take into consideration its role in the construction of social imaginaries. I wish to argue that this positive aspect of ideology, acknowledged by Ricoeur, plays an essential role in the democratic experience, as long as the ideological discourse remains visible for everyone. Even when this discourse presents itself solely as an instrument of domination used by a class in order to preserve its own interests, it sustains the internal logic of democracy. By establishing itself as the main discourse of authority, its legitimacy will undoubtedly be put into question in the course of the democratic competition for power. It nourishes this competition. I feel that the study of this movement of ideology between affirmation and dissimulation can even offer new solutions to the crisis of the social imaginary diagnosed by Lefort during the 1970s, when he wrote his essays on ideology.
Evidence-based management to regulate the impact of tourism at a key marine turtle rookery on Zakynthos Island, Greece
Authors: Katselidis Kostas A. , Schofield Gail , Stamou Giorgos , Dimopoulos Panayotis , Pantis John D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study evaluates how key beach features influence suitability for nesting by Endangered loggerhead marine turtles Caretta caretta at an internationally important rookery on Zakynthos Island, Greece. During 2007–2009 we assimilated information on beach structure (elevation above sea level and width), the distribution of all nesting (turtle tracks that resulted in nests) and non-nesting (turtle tracks that did not result in nests) turtle emergences from the sea along 6 km of beach, nest placement parameters (distance from sea and elevation above sea level), and beach use by visitors. We found that turtles preferentially emerged on steeper sections of beach, with higher nesting densities occurring on the most environmentally stable beaches. Elevation was a more reliable indicator of nest placement (1 m above sea level) than distance to shore. However, because nests on steeper slopes are located closer to shore, the risk of damage by tourism is increased in such areas. We calculated a potential 36% overlap of natural nest locations with use of the beach by tourists; however, the recorded overlap was 7% because of existing management protocols. This overlap could be further reduced by focusing conservation effort (i.e. further restricting use by people) on beach sections with the steepest inclines. For example, slopes of > 22° comprise 1 km of total beach area annually, the closure of which (above the immediate shoreline to allow passage) would completely protect 50% of nests. This study shows the value of evidence-based management as a practical scientific tool to conserve threatened species in dynamic protected areas that are of both environmental and economic importance.
Structures of colonialism in Itō Sei's “Yūki no machi”
Authors: Dodd Stephen 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn Itō Sei's (1905–69) “Yūki no machi” (Streets of ghosts, 1937), a narrator returns to his native town of Otaru, Hokkaido, where he experiences a hellish and hallucinatory encounter with people from his past. He is forced to confront shameful aspects of his youthful life that he had tried to repress. In this paper, I propose that a close examination of the story sheds useful light on the real fears, tensions and expectations surrounding colonialism that had become an integral part of Japanese culture and society during the late 1930s. Structures of colonialism, which speak of uneven power relationships between a dominant centre and a distant weaker locality, are spelt out, for example, through the railway network and racist ideology that appear in the story. I also explore the story's depiction of a colonial relationship between mainland Japanese culture centred round Tokyo and the peripheral outpost of Hokkaido. More generally, I suggest that the story illuminates a global power configuration between Japan and its colonies that was entering an increasingly aggressive and bellicose phase during the late 1930s.
Cunobelinus' Bronze Coinage
Authors: Morris Francis M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCunobelinus was the most significant figure in Britain during the decades leading up to the Roman invasion, though his reign has received relatively little attention. Cunobelinus' coinage is of great importance to understanding the socio-political structure of South-East Britain prior to the Roman invasion and whilst studies of his gold and silver have been published in previous editions ofBritannia(Allen 1975; de Jersey 2001), his bronzes have been subject to surprisingly little work, particularly considering that they are by far the most common struck bronze issues known from Iron Age Britain, with a total of 2,608 examples currently recorded in the Celtic Coin Index and on the PAS database combined. This study proposes a broad typological scheme with which Cunobelinus' bronzes can be ordered and demonstrates that, like Cunobelinus' silver, but unlike his gold, they can be divided into three regional groupings, which it can be argued correspond to three different political sub-groupings under Cunobelinus' control. In addition, the bronze's metallurgy and metrology and the mints at which they were struck are investigated. This article examines the contribution of coinage to understanding Cunobelinus' political history, and how he used imagery to reinforce and legitimate his power in the different regions under his control at different times during his reign. The types of sites at which Cunobelinus' bronzes have been found are also outlined and the likely function of the coins discussed.
Optical breakdown threshold in fused silica with femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Bendib A. , Bendib-Kalache K. , Deutsch C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA theoretical model for electrons in the conduction band intend to investigate the optical breakdown threshold in femtosecond laser pulse-fused silica interaction is presented. The model is derived from a rate equation that includes the avalanche and multi-photon ionization processes of Thornber and Keldysh, respectively, and also the three-body and exciton recombination mechanisms. In addition, the time evolution of electron mean energy is also considered through the energy balance equation. The mean energy acts as a trigger for the avalanche mechanism. The evolution of electron density profiles is calculated and discussed with respect to the ionization and recombination mechanisms. The results for the fluence threshold as a function of the pulse duration fall in good agreement with the experimental data reported in the literature.
A case for multiple views of function in design based on a common definition
Authors: Chakrabarti Amaresh , Srinivasan V. , Ranjan B.S.C. , Lindemann Udo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFunctions are important in designing. However, several issues hinder progress with the understanding and usage of functions: lack of a clear and overarching definition of function, lack of overall justifications for the inevitability of the multiple views of function, and scarcity of systematic attempts to relate these views with one another. To help resolve these, the objectives of this research are to propose a common definition of function that underlies the multiple views in literature and to identify and validate the views of function that are logically justified to be present in designing. Function is defined as a change intended by designers between two scenarios: before and after the introduction of the design. A framework is proposed that comprises the above definition of function and an empirically validated model of designing, extended generate, evaluate, modify, and select of state-change, and an action, part, phenomenon, input, organ, and effect model of causality (Known as GEMS of SAPPhIRE), comprising the views of activity, outcome, requirement–solution–information, and system–environment. The framework is used to identify the logically possible views of function in the context of designing and is validated by comparing these with the views of function in the literature. Describing the different views of function using the proposed framework should enable comparisons and determine relationships among the various views, leading to better understanding and usage of functions in designing.
Making function modeling practically usable
Authors: Tomiyama Tetsuo , van Beek Thom J. , Alvarez Cabrera Andrés Alberto , Komoto Hitoshi , D'Amelio Valentina 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFunction modeling is considered potentially useful in various fields of engineering, including engineering design. However, a close look at practices reveals that practitioners do not use formal function modeling so much, while the concept of “function” frequently appears in many practical methods without a vigorous definition. This paper tries to understand why formal function modeling is not practically utilized in industry by analyzing usage cases of function. By observing product development activities in industry, the paper identifies three problems that prevent formal function modeling from wider applications in practices, namely, practitioners' neglect of function modeling, the lack of practically useful function reasoning, and the complexity of the methods and tools of formal function modeling that make them impractical. Finally, the paper proposes strategies to tackle these problems and illustrates some research efforts in this regard.
Rate and Phonological Variation in Preschool Children: Effects of Modeling and Directed Influence
Authors: Torrington Eaton Catherine , Bernstein Ratner Nan 
Published: July 2013

Purpose
To explore the effect of modeling and explicit elicitation of slow and accurately produced speech in typically developing preschool children. Optional phonological reductions (e.g., deleted final stops) and changes in speech rate were examined in response to an adult conversational speaker's speech style.

Method
Forty 3- and 4-year-olds (20 each) were tested in 3 tasks: (a) immediate repetition of a model, (b) spontaneous speech, and (c) directed speech style (cueing to correct “sloppy” speech). In Task 1, half of each group heard fast and hypoarticulated versus slow and hyperarticulated speech for a between-group response-to-model comparison. Tasks 2 and 3 were compared within subjects.

Results
Task 1 demonstrated that both age groups aligned with the speaker's rate and phonological variants usage when repeating a model. Tasks 2 and 3 revealed that 4-year-olds varied phonological reduction patterns according to the task demands, whereas 3-year-olds maintained consistent patterns of usage. In addition, neither group successfully realigned with the rapid speech rate in Task 3.

Conclusions
These results contribute to an evidence base supporting the practice of modeling slow and clear speech to children with various production disorders. Further research is needed to explore the cognitive–linguistic processes underlying alignment before findings are applied to clinical populations.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963580
A novel Gaussian Binning (1GB) analysis of vibrational state distributions in highly excited ${\rm H}_\text{2}$H2O from reactive quenching of OH* by ${\rm H}_\text{2}$H2
Authors: Conte Riccardo , Fu Bina , Kamarchik Eugene , Bowman Joel M. 
Published: July 2013

As shown in experiments by Lester and co-workers [J. Chem. Phys. 110, 11117 (1999)]10.1063/1.479053, the reactive quenching of OH* by \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\rm H}_\text{2}$\end{document}H2 produces highly excited \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\rm H}_\text{2}$\end{document}H2O. Previous limited analysis of quasiclassical trajectory calculations using standard Histogram Binning (HB) was reported [B. Fu, E. Kamarchik, and J. M. Bowman, J. Chem. Phys. 133, 164306 (2010)]10.1063/1.3488167. Here, we examine the quantized internal state distributions of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\rm H}_\text{2}$\end{document}H2O in more detail, using two versions of Gaussian Binning (denoted 1GB). In addition to the standard version of 1GB, which relies on the harmonic energies of the states (1GB-H), we propose a new and more accurate technique based on exact quantum vibrational energies (1GB-EQ). Data from about 42 000 trajectories from previous calculations that give excited water molecules are used in the two versions of 1GB as well as HB. For the vibrationally hot molecules considered in this study, the classical internal energy distribution serves as a benchmark to estimate the accuracy of the different binning methods analyzed. The 1GB discretization methods, especially the one using exact quantum energies, reconstruct the classical distribution much more accurately than HB and also the original, more elaborate Gaussian Binning method. Detailed quantum state distributions are presented for pure overtone excitations as well as several antisymmetric stretch distributions. The latter are focused on because the antisymmetric stretch has the largest emission oscillator strength of the three water modes.
Stature Estimation from Foramen Magnum Region in Chinese Population
Authors: Cui Yaming , Zhang Jizong 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEstimation of stature from body parts plays a vital role in identifying the dead. This study focused on dimensions of the foramen magnum region and examined the relationship between stature and the dimensions of the foramen magnum region in northern and southern Chinese populations. Measurements were taken on the skulls of 276 individuals (all male). Data on 48 individuals from northern China and 140 from southern China were used for further stature reconstruction of the above two populations in China. Statistical analyses indicate that bilateral variation is insignificant for all measurements except maximum length of condyle in the southern Chinese population (p < 0.01) and that the northern and southern populations differ significantly only in the minimum distance between condyles. Linear and multiple regression equations for stature estimation were established. The correlation coefficients between stature and the various measurements differed between the northern and southern Chinese populations.
Methyl tert‐Butyl Ether (MTBE) Detected in Abnormally High Concentrations in Postmortem Blood and Urine from Two Persons Found Dead Inside a Car Containing a Gasoline Spill
Authors: Karinen Ritva , Vindenes Vigdis , Morild Inge , Johnsen Lene , Le Nygaard Ilah , Christophersen Asbjørg S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwo deep frozen persons, a female and a male, were found dead in a car. There had been an explosive fire inside the car which had extinguished itself. On the floor inside the car were large pools of liquid which smelled of gasoline. The autopsy findings and routine toxicological analyses could not explain the cause of death. Carboxyhemoglobin levels in the blood samples were <10%. Analysis with a headspace gas chromatography revealed methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) concentrations of 185 mg/L (female victim) and 115 mg/L (male victim) in peripheral blood. The urine MTBE concentrations were 150 mg/L and 256 mg/L, respectively. MTBE is a synthetic chemical which is added to gasoline as a fuel oxygenate. Gasoline poisoning is likely to be the cause of the death in these two cases, and MTBE can be a suitable marker of gasoline exposure, when other volatile components have vaporized.