bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting axial-bearing capacity of fully grouted rock bolting systems by applying an ensemble system
Authors: Hosseini Shahab , Jodeiri Shokri Behshad , Mirzaghorbanali Ali , Nourizadeh Hadi , Entezam Shima , Motallebiyan Amin , Entezam Alireza , McDougall Kevin , Karunasena Warna , Aziz Naj 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the potential of the five latest artificial intelligence (AI) predictive techniques, namely multiple linear regression (MLR), multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN), Bayesian regularized neural network (BRNN), generalized feed-forward neural networks (GFFNN), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and their ensemble soft computing models were evaluated to predict of the maximum peak load (PL) and displacement (DP) values resulting from pull-out tests. For this, 34 samples of the fully cementitious grouted rock bolts were prepared and cast. After conducting pull-out tests and building a dataset, twenty-four tests were randomly considered as a training dataset, and the remaining measurements were chosen to test the models’ performance. The input parameters were water-to-grout ratio (%) and curing time (day), while peak loads and displacement values were the outputs. The results revealed that the ensemble XGBoost model was superior to the other models. It was because having higher values of R2 (0.989, 0.979) and VAF (99.473, 98.658) and lower values of RMSE (0.0201, 0.0435) were achieved for testing the dataset of PL and DP’ values, respectively. Besides, sensitivity analysis proved that curing time was the most influential parameter in estimating values of peak loads and displacements. Also, the results confirmed that the ensemble XGBoost method was positioned to predict the axial-bearing capacity of the fully cementitious grouted rock bolting system with extreme performance and accuracy. Eventually, the results of the ensemble XGBoost modeling technique suggested that this novel model was more economical, less time-consuming, and less complicated than laboratory activities.
Does surgeon or hospital volume influence outcome in dedicated colorectal units?—A Viennese perspective
Authors: Schuld Gabor J. , Schlager Lukas , Monschein Matthias , Riss Stefan , Bergmann Michael , Razek Peter , Stift Anton , Unger Lukas W. 
Published: August 2024

Summary
Objective
A clear relationship between higher surgeon volume and improved outcomes has not been convincingly established in rectal cancer surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of individual surgeon’s caseload and hospital volume on perioperative outcome.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 336 consecutive patients undergoing oncological resection for rectal cancer at two Viennese hospitals between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2020. The effect of baseline characteristics as well as surgeons’ caseloads (low volume: 0–5 cases per year, high volume > 5 cases per year) on postoperative complication rates (Clavien-Dindo Classification groups of < 3 and ≥ 3) were evaluated.

Results
No differences in baseline characteristics were found between centers in terms of sex, smoking status, or comorbidities of patients. Interestingly, only 14.7% of surgeons met the criteria to be classified as high-volume surgeons, while accounting for 66.3% of all operations. There was a significant difference in outcomes depending on the treating center in univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis (odds ratio (OR) = 2.403, p = 0.008). Open surgery was associated with lower complication rates than minimally invasive approaches in univariate analysis (OR = 0.417, p = 0.003, 95%CI = 0.232–0.739) but not multivariate analysis. This indicated that the center’s policy rather than surgeon volume or mode of surgery impact on postoperative outcomes.

Conclusion
Treating center standards impacted on outcome, while individual caseload of surgeons or mode of surgery did not independently affect complication rates in this analysis. The majority of rectal cancer resections are performed by a small number of surgeons in Viennese hospitals.
Can we improve the management of inoperable malignant bowel obstruction? Results of a feasibility study of elemental diet as an alternative to parenteral nutrition in patients with advanced gynaecological cancer
Authors: Allan Lindsey L. , Skene Simon S. , Eastley Kate Bennett , Herbertson Rebecca , Smith Eleanor , Michael Agnieszka 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Nutrition support in inoperable bowel obstruction (IBO) remains challenging. Parenteral nutrition (PN) is recommended if the prognosis is > 2 months. An elemental diet (ED) is licensed for strictures in Crohn’s disease but has not been used in malignant bowel obstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ED in patients with IBO and provide a proof of concept of ED as an acceptable feeding option.

Methods
This was a mixed-methods single-arm feasibility study. The primary endpoint was to provide a ‘proof of concept’ of ED as an acceptable feeding option for patients with IBO. Secondary endpoints included taste acceptability, incidences of vomiting and pain, the proportion of women who tolerated ED, the number of cartons drunk, quality of life (QOL) and the number of women treated with chemotherapy. Patients (> 18 years) with CT-confirmed IBO who could tolerate 500 ml of liquid in 24 h remained on the trial for 2 weeks.

Results
A total of 29 patients were recruited; of those, 19 contributed to the analysis for the primary endpoint; 13 (68.4%) participants tolerated the ED; 26 patients contributed to MSAS and EORTC QLQ questionnaires at baseline to allow for the assessment of symptoms. At the start of the study, 18 (69%) of patients experienced vomiting, reducing to 4 (25%) by the end of day 15 of the study; 24 (92%) of patients reported pain at consent, reducing to 12 (75%) by the end of day 15. QOL scores improved from 36.2 (95% CI 27.7–44.7) at baseline to 53.1 (95% CI 40.3–66) at the end of day 15; 16 (84%) participants commenced chemotherapy within the first week of starting ED. The number of cartons across all participants showed a median of 1.3 cartons per day (range 0.8 to 2.5).

Conclusion
ED is well tolerated by patients with IBO caused by gynaecological malignancies and may have a positive effect on symptom burden and QOL.
Pipeline and dataset generation for automated fact-checking in almost any language
Authors: Drchal Jan , Ullrich Herbert , Mlynář Tomáš , Moravec Václav 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article presents a pipeline for automated fact-checking leveraging publicly available language models and data. The objective is to assess the accuracy of textual claims using evidence from a ground-truth evidence corpus. The pipeline consists of two main modules—the evidence retrieval and the claim veracity evaluation. Our primary focus is on the ease of deployment in various languages that remain unexplored in the field of automated fact-checking. Unlike most similar pipelines, which work with evidence sentences, our pipeline processes data on a paragraph level, simplifying the overall architecture and data requirements. Given the high cost of annotating language-specific fact-checking training data, our solution builds on the question answering for claim generation method, which we adapt and use to generate the data for all models of the pipeline. Our strategy enables the introduction of new languages through machine translation of only two fixed datasets of moderate size. Subsequently, any number of training samples can be generated based on an evidence corpus in the target language. We provide open access to all data and fine-tuned models for Czech, English, Polish, and Slovak pipelines, as well as to our codebase that may be used to reproduce the results. We comprehensively evaluate the pipelines for all four languages, including human annotations and per-sample difficulty assessment using Pointwise $${\mathcal {V}}$$
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-information. The presented experiments are based on full Wikipedia snapshots to promote reproducibility. To facilitate implementation and user interaction, we develop the FactSearch application featuring the proposed pipeline and the preliminary feedback on its performance.
Analysis of phase shift between pulse oscillations of macro- and microvascular cerebral blood flow in patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Kasprowicz Magdalena , Hendler Marta , Ziółkowski Arkadiusz , Nasr Nathalie , Czosnyka Marek 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
After a traumatic brain injury (TBI), monitoring of both macrovascular and microvascular blood circulation can potentially yield a better understanding of pathophysiology of potential secondary brain lesions. We investigated the changes in phase shift (PS) between cardiac-induced oscillations of cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured at macro (ultrasound Doppler) and microvascular (laser Doppler) level. Further we assessed the impact of intracranial pressure (ICP) on PS in TBI patients. A secondary aim was to compare PS to TCD-derived cerebral arterial time constant (τ), a parameter that reflects the circulatory transit time.

Methods
TCD blood flow velocities (FV) in the middle cerebral artery, laser Doppler blood microcirculation flux (LDF), arterial blood pressure (ABP), and ICP were monitored in 29 consecutive patients with TBI. Eight patients were excluded because of poor-quality signals. For the remaining 21 patients (median age = 23 (Q1: 20–Q3: 33); men:16,) data were retrospectively analysed. PS between the fundamental harmonics of FV and LDF signals was determined using spectral analysis. τ was estimated as a product of cerebrovascular resistance and compliance, based on the mathematical transformation of FV and ABP, ICP pulse waveforms.

Results
PS was negative (median: −26 (Q1: −38–Q3: −15) degrees) indicating that pulse LDF at a heart rate frequency lagged behind TCD pulse. With rising mean ICP, PS became more negative (R = −0.51, p < 0.019) indicating that delay of LDF pulse increases. There was a significant correlation between PS and cerebrovascular time constant (R = −0.47, p = 0.03).

Conclusions
Pulse divergence between FV and LDF became greater with elevated ICP, likely reflecting prolonged circulatory travel time.
Variations of the extrapsoas course of the lumbar plexus with implications for the lateral transpsoas approach to the lumbar spine: a cadaveric study
Authors: Benes Michal , Zido Michal , Machac Petr , Kaiser Radek , Khadanovich Anhelina , Nemcova Simona , Kunc Vojtech , Kachlik David 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Together with an increased interest in minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach to the lumbar spine goes a demand for detailed anatomical descriptions of the lumbar plexus. Although definitions of safe zones and essential descriptions of topographical anatomy have been presented in several studies, the existing literature expects standard appearance of the neural structures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the variability of the extrapsoas portion of the lumbar plexus in regard to the lateral transpsoas approach.

Methods
A total of 260 lumbar regions from embalmed cadavers were utilized in this study. The specimens were dissected as per protocol and all nerves from the lumbar plexus were morphologically evaluated.

Results
The most common variation of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves was fusion of these two nerves (9.6%). Nearly in the half of the cases (48.1%) the genitofemoral nerve left the psoas major muscle already divided into the femoral and genital branches. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve was the least variable one as it resembled its normal morphology in 95.0% of cases. Regarding the variant origins of the femoral nerve, there was a low formation outside the psoas major muscle in 3.8% of cases. The obturator nerve was not variable at its emergence point but frequently branched (40.4%) before entering the obturator canal. In addition to the proper femoral and obturator nerves, accessory nerves were present in 12.3% and 9.2% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion
Nerves of the lumbar plexus frequently show atypical anatomy outside the psoas major muscle. The presented study provides a compendious information source of the possibly encountered neural variations during retroperitoneal access to different segments of the lumbar spine.
Integrating artificial intelligence with expert knowledge in global environmental assessments: opportunities, challenges and the way ahead
Authors: Muccione Veruska , Vaghefi Saeid Ashraf , Bingler Julia , Allen Simon K. , Kraus Mathias , Gostlow Glen , Wekhof Tobias , Colesanti-Senni Chiara , Stammbach Dominik , Ni Jingwei , Schimanski Tobias , Yu Tingyu , Wang Qian , Huggel Christian , Luterbacher Juerg , Biesbroek Robbert , Leippold Markus 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith new cycles of global environmental assessments (GEAs) recently starting, including GEO-7 and IPCC AR7, there is increasing need for artificial intelligence (AI) to support in synthesising the rapidly growing body of evidence for authors and users of these assessments. In this article, we explore recent advances in AI and connect them to the different stages of GEAs showing how some processes can be automatised and streamlined. The meticulous and labour-intensive nature of GEAs serves as both a valuable strength and a challenge to staying pertinent and current in today’s era of urgency and the pursuit of the latest knowledge. Utilising AI tools for reviewing and synthesizing scientific literature holds the evident promise of substantially lessening the workload for experts and expediting the assessment process. This, in turn, could lead to more frequent report releases and a smoother integration of the latest scientific advancements into actionable measures. However, successful outcomes can only be achieved if domain experts co-develop and oversee the deployment of such tools together with AI researchers. Otherwise, these tools run the risk of producing inaccurate, incomplete, or misleading information with significant consequences. We demonstrate this through a few examples that compare recently deployed large language models (LLMs) based tools in their performance in capturing nuanced concepts in the context of the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). We recommend establishing ethical committees and organising dedicated expert meetings to develop best practice guidelines, ensuring responsible and transparent integration of AI into GEAs.
Treatment of anal fistulas with Obsidian RFT®: just another autologous compound platelet-rich fibrin foam?
Authors: Dawoud C. , Girgis K. , Stift A. , Harpain F. , Riss S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Sphincter-preserving techniques like autologous compound platelet-rich fibrin foam have gained popularity, offering potential for better functional outcomes in anal fistula treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Obsidian RFT®.

Methods
The study conducted a retrospective analysis from January 2018 to December 2022 on patients who received anal fistula closure with Obsidian RTF® at the Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna. Clinical diagnosis, complemented by radiographic imaging, was employed to confirm inconclusive cases.
Demographic and fistula characteristics and postoperative data were collected from electronic records following STROCSS criteria.

Results
Fifteen patients received Obsidian RFT® treatment for anal fistulas. We found no intra- and postoperative complications. The median hospital stay was 3 days. After a median follow-up of 32 months, a closure rate of 53.3% was detected.
Non-significant differences were observed in various variables, yet trends emerged, indicating associations between abscess presence and non-healing fistulas. A distinct age threshold (≥ 42.7 years) served as an indicator for an inability to achieve anal fistula cure.

Conclusion
Obsidian RFT® represents a safe, minimally invasive operative procedure. Approximately half the patients experienced healing, with better outcome in a younger population.

Trial Registration
Ethical Approval number Medical University of Vienna (#1258/2018). This study was registered retrospectively in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06136325).
Late quaternary palaeoclimates in the lower Kürtün valley (Samsun, Northern Türkiye) through multi-proxy analysis of palaeosoil sediments
Authors: Uzun Ali , Sandıkçıoğlu Merve , Kayseri Özer Mine Sezgül , Küçükuysal Ceren 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPalaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental proxy data are presented for the Late Quaternary based on mineralogical, geochemical and palynological analysis of a palaeosoil-sediment section in the lower Kürtün Valley (Samsun region, Northern Türkiye). The geochronology along the section is established based on OSL and radiocarbon dating. The base of the palaeosoil-sediment section consists of a palaeo-terrace fill of the Kürtün Creek dated to 108 ± 9 ka, corresponding to the last interglacial period (MIS5c). After this warm and humid period, the last ice age began. Sea level dropped and the Kürtün Stream deepened its bed. Fluvial terrace deposits were covered with colluvial materials and a palaeosoil sequence formed. The bottommost part of the palaeosoil formation carries the fingerprints of a dry climate of 68 ± 9 ka ago (MIS4). The middle part of the section coincides with MIS2 (28,959 cal BP) and is characterized by humid conditions with arid pulses accompanied by the occurrences of calcrete nodules. The palaeosoil-sediment section ends with the records of MIS1 (8381 cal BP), corresponding to warmer and more humid conditions. This study emphasizes the importance of palaeosoil-calcrete formation in the lower Kürtün Valley for explaining climate changes from MIS5c to MIS1. The results are compatible with studies conducted in the Eastern Mediterranean. High-resolution multi-proxy studies are recommended to better understand the connection between local climates and global climate phenomena in the Late Quaternary.
Three-way decision in machine learning tasks: a systematic review
Authors: Campagner Andrea , Milella Frida , Ciucci Davide , Cabitza Federico 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this article, we survey the applications of Three-way decision theory (TWD) in machine learning (ML), focusing in particular on four tasks: weakly supervised learning and multi-source data management, missing data management, uncertainty quantification in classification, and uncertainty quantification in clustering. For each of these four tasks we present the results of a systematic review of the literature, by which we report on the main characteristics of the current state of the art, as well as on the quality of reporting and reproducibility level of the works found in the literature. To this aim, we discuss the main benefits, limitations and issues found in the reviewed articles, and we give clear indications and directions for quality improvement that are informed by validation, reporting, and reproducibility standards, guidelines and best practice that have recently emerged in the ML field. Finally, we discuss about the more promising and relevant directions for future research in regard to TWD.
A Note on the Codegree of Finite Groups
Authors: Lewis Mark L. , Yan Quanfu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLet$$\chi $$χbe an irreducible character of a groupG, and$$S_c(G)=\sum _{\chi \in \textrm{Irr}(G)}\textrm{cod}(\chi )$$Sc(G)=∑χ∈Irr(G)cod(χ)be the sum of the codegrees of the irreducible characters ofG. Write$$\textrm{fcod} (G)=\frac{S_c(G)}{|G|}.$$fcod(G)=Sc(G)|G|.We aim to explore the structure of finite groups in terms of$$\textrm{fcod} (G).$$fcod(G).On the other hand, we determine the lower bound of$$S_c(G)$$Sc(G)for nonsolvable groups and prove that ifGis nonsolvable, then$$S_c(G)\geqslant S_c(A_5)=68,$$Sc(G)⩾Sc(A5)=68,with equality if and only if$$G\cong A_5.$$G≅A5.Additionally, we show that there is a solvable group so that it has the codegree sum as$$A_5.$$A5.
Intergroup cooperation in the lab: asymmetric power relations and redistributive policies
Authors: Mitterbacher Kerstin , Palan Stefan , Fleiß Jürgen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe study intra- and intergroup cooperation in the production and distribution of a jointly created good. Over several periods, members of one group can choose whether or not to contribute to the good’s production. Members of the other group vote to implement a fair or a discriminatory sharing policy for the good’s proceeds. More cooperative behavior by members of an outgroup renders ingroup members more willing to cooperate in turn. Our experiment documents reciprocity in intergroup cooperation settings. This reciprocity at times leads to mutually beneficial cooperation but when one group defects, it may also lead to cooperation breaking down. Understanding how one group’s cooperation influences another group’s decisions can improve resource allocation as well as influence policy-makers’ decisions towards fairer distribution strategies.
A game theoretic approach for tradable white certificates regarding energy rebound and government intervention
Authors: Safarzadeh Soroush , Rasti-Barzoki Morteza , Altmann Jörn , Moon Ilkyeong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, many government administrations have tracked energy efficiency programs (EEPs) against environmental concerns. This was done so that it could potentially be useful as a supportive mechanism for smart technologies applied under the smart city concept. To facilitate this, tradable white certificates (TWCs) have been implemented as popular financial instruments used by energy-intensive sectors to boost cleaner production. In this study, we address an industrial EEP development with a TWC instrument as a multi-agent problem. We study this problem for the first time in the context of a supply chain that includes a manufacturer, an energy producer, and household energy consumers. Furthermore, we explore a new monopolistic pricing model for energy services and energy-efficient products, regarding the rebound effect, energy consumption, and social welfare. Additionally, we discuss two revenue-cost-sharing contracts and compare them as contracts using a comprehensive parametric and experimental analysis. The results show that the second proposed contract has some advantages over the first one. However, the second contract leads to less production than the first one does, while at the same time leading to less social welfare. Also, the findings suggest that the second investigated contract is a more appropriate instrument for the obligated parties than the first one when the aim is to improve the performance of TWC schemes. These findings can provide better circumstances for governance to optimize the critical parameters’ level on TWC schemes with the lowest analytical cost.
Graphical abstract