bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of UV exclusion on the physiology and phenolic composition of leaves and berries of Vitis vinifera cv. Graciano
Authors: Del‐Castillo‐Alonso María‐Ángeles , Diago María P , Monforte Laura , Tardaguila Javier , Martínez‐Abaigar Javier , Núñez‐Olivera Encarnación 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDUltraviolet (UV) radiation induces adaptive responses that can be used for plant production improvement. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of solar UV exclusion on the physiology and phenolic compounds of leaves and berry skins of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Graciano under field conditions. Phenolic compounds were analyzed globally and individually in both the vacuolar fraction and, for the first time in grapevine, the cell wall‐bound fraction. These different locations may represent diverse modalities of phenolic response to and protection against UV.RESULTSUV exclusion led to a decrease in Fv/Fm in leaves, revealing that solar UV is needed for adequate photoprotection. Only p‐caffeoyl‐tartaric acid from the soluble fraction of leaves and myricetin‐3‐O‐glucoside from the soluble fraction of berry skins were significantly higher in the presence of UV radiation, and thus they could play a role in UV protection. Other hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, flavanols and stilbenes did not respond to UV exclusion.CONCLUSIONUV exclusion led to subtle changes in leaves and berry skins of Graciano cultivar, which would be well adapted to current UV levels. This may help support decision‐making on viticultural practices modifying UV exposure of leaves and berries, which could improve grape and wine quality. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Prospective Trajectories of Posttraumatic Stress in College Women Following a Campus Mass Shooting
Authors: Orcutt Holly K. , Bonanno George A. , Hannan Susan M. , Miron Lynsey R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn a sample with known levels of preshooting posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, we examined the impact of a campus mass shooting on trajectories of PTS in the 31 months following the shooting using latent growth mixture modeling. Female students completed 7 waves of a longitudinal study (sample sizes ranged from 812 to 559). We identified 4 distinct trajectories (n = 660): (a) minimal impact‐resilience (60.9%), (b) high impact‐recovery (29.1%), (c) moderate impact‐moderate symptoms (8.2%), and (d) chronic dysfunction (1.8%). Individuals in each trajectory class remained at or returned to preshooting levels of PTS approximately 6 months postshooting. The minimal impact‐resilience class reported less prior trauma exposure (η2 = .13), less shooting exposure (η2 = .07), and greater emotion regulation skills than all other classes (η2 > .30). The chronic dysfunction class endorsed higher rates of experiential avoidance prior to the shooting than the minimal‐impact resilient and high impact‐recovery classes (η2 = .15), as well as greater shooting exposure than the high impact‐recovery class (η2 = .07). Findings suggest that preshooting functioning and emotion regulation distinguish between those who experience prolonged distress following mass violence and those who gradually recover.
Vocal cord abnormalities in children with velopharyngeal valving problems
Authors: McWilliams Betty Jane , Lavorato Alfred S. , Bluestone Charles D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTwenty‐seven subjects with borderline velopharyngeal valving mechanisms diagnosed as having hoarseness with or without vocal cord pathology participated in a follow‐up study. The mean age of the subjects was 13 years, two months, and they were recalled an average of 4.7 years following initial study.The reassessment protocol included an evaluation of speech, velopharyngeal valving, behavioral and health histories, and laryngoscopy. Upon follow‐up, 70 percent of the subjects retained vocal cord abnormalities. The eight subjects who had normal cords continued to demonstrate hoarse voice quality. Only 53 percent of the subjects who retained some atypical condition of the cords showed the same condition upon re‐evaluation. In each case, the condition retained was vocal cord nodules.The subjects who no longer showed vocal cord pathology had an average age of 15 years, eight months, as opposed to an average of 12 years, one month for those children who retained abnormalities. This difference was significant, indicating that age was an important factor in remission.Surgical removal of vocal cord nodules without attention to improving the velopharyngeal valving mechanism proved to be an ineffective approach to management; however, improvement in valving mechanism was usually associated with improvement in the vocal cord condition although it did not always eliminate it.None of the subjects in this study demonstrated an unequivocally adequate velopharyngeal valving mechanism. This was true even in the group of subjects who retained hoarseness but lost vocal cord pathology.The study suggests that careful differential diagnosis is essential in the management of these laryngeal problems which are perhaps the result of laryngeal modification compensatory to poor velopharyngeal valving mechanisms. Investigations of laryngeal anatomy and physiology and study of functional correlates to both hoarseness and vocal cord pathology in these patients, is essential.
Far advanced malignant external otitis: Report of a survival
Authors: Aldous Edwin W. , Shinn John B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMalignant external otitis has been the subject of several reports since it was described by Chandler in 1968. Cranial nerve involvement has been recognized as an ominous prognostic sign. Mortality has been about 50 percent (10/19) with facial nerve paralysis, and over 80 percent (9/11) with multiple cranial nerves involved.A survival of a patient with involvement of cranial nerves VII and IX‐XI is reported. Effective treatment comprised surgical debridement and Gentamicin, Carbenicillin and Colistimethate. This therapeutic regimen is presently the best available for malignant external otitis.
Flexible fiberoptic laryngobronchoscopy
Authors: Davidson Terence M. , Bone Robert C. , Nahum Alan M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFlexible fiberoptic endoscopy of the respiratory tract is a relatively new technique. It is essential that endoscopists and head and neck surgeons develop facility with this instrument. The technique of transnasal flexible laryngobronchoscopy is described. Unique applications are illustrated. Diagnostic and therapeutic uses include differentiation of benign from malignant neoplasms, diagnosis of respiratory inflammatory disease and facilitation in endotracheal intubation.
Hormones and sudden deafness
Authors: Schiff Maurice , Brown Michael 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe cause of sudden deafness is often unknown; however, its treatment represents a real medical emergency. Prompt recovery should be defined as that occurring in about 15 days or less. Delayed recovery should be defined as recovery after 30 days, and in such cases the factors involved are extremely variable.ACTH gel, 40 units per cc, given intramuscularly, and heparin, 10,000 units per cc, given subcutaneously gave prompt recovery in five out of. seven cases. These patients were treated two to three times weekly for about two weeks. If recovery is not present by that time, it would appear not to be worthwhile continuing therapy.ACTH and heparin are both excellent agents. In addition seroidogenesis lipolytic ACTH has many other functions. It stimulates the production of cyclic AMP from ATP. This leaves a decrease in ADP. Cyclic AMP causes a decrease in aggregation of platelets. It also exerts a beneficial effect of beta (vasodilator) versus alpha (vaso‐constrictor) catecholamines.Heparin, in addition to its anticoagulant effect, is one of the best binders of histamine in the body and, therefore, limits its cytodestructive effect. It is also an excellent antigen‐antibody reaction.Both drugs would thereby tend to inhibit or ameliorate vasculitis, inhibit hypercoagulation and decrease hyperlipidemia. These effects encompass the rationale of its use in sudden deafness.
Transmeatal labyrinthectomy with and without cochleovestibular neurectomy
Authors: Silverstein Herbert 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

The surgical anatomy and approach to the internal auditory canal through the transmeatal route is presented.
The results of 22 patients undergoing transmeatal labyrinthectomy with cochleovestibular neurectomy indicated that 15 of 20, or 75 percent, had vertigo cured or markedly improved. The best results were found in patients with Ménière's disease (10/10).
Similar results were found regarding the symptoms of tinnitus. Fifteen of 22 patients, or 68 percent, had tinnitus cured or markedly improved in a six‐month to 36‐month follow‐up. The best results, again, were found in patients with Ménière's disease (8/10).
Patients undergoing transmeatal labyrinthectomy without cochleovestibular neurectomy showed only one of six cases with improvement of tinnitus and three of six cases with vertigo cured or markedly improved.
Transmeatal labyrinthectomy with cochleovestibular neurectomy appears to have the following advantages over transmeatal labyrinthectomy or translabyrinthine section of the VIIIth nerve:

The surgical time is shortened by the direct route to the internal auditory canal.
A second procedure is avoided by not having to obtain abdominal adipose tissue for obliteration of the mastoid cavity.
Complete unilateral ablation of vestibular function is assured.
Best chance of alleviation or improving tinnitus.
The internal auditory canal is routinely inspected to be sure no acoustic neuroma or other pathology is found.
Skill is obtained in transecting the “singular nerve.”
Alternatives in nasal reconstruction (“five flaps and a graft”)
Authors: Tardy M. Eugene 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFive pedicle flaps and one auricular composite graft deserve increased use and attention in nasal reconstructive surgery. All have in common the high possibility of superior functional and esthetic results while requiring the payment of a minimum penalty of tissue sacrifice. A composite graft of conchal cartilage and adherent post‐auricular skin serves well in the saddle nose deformity of childhood, creating satisfactory tissue augmentation and recreating cartilaginous support for the airway.The sublabial mucosa of the upper lip provides superior tissue for pedicle flap repair of nasal septal perforations. Tunneled through a small oronasal fistula, the flap is elevated and transposed as a one‐stage procedure. No closure of the donor site is required.Forehead flaps derived from the precise midline or the non‐hair‐bearing bay of forehead skin (the sickle flap), are useful, non‐delayed flaps carrying considerable tissue of superior color match to nasal defects. A major advantage is the excellent camouflage possible at either donor site area. When nasal reconstruction of greater dimensions becomes necessary, the scalping flap is advantageous. Flap reliability is of a high order, and flap blood supply is unequaled.
Unusual otologic manifestation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Gotay Victor 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe first reported case of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, who 14 years after diagnosis developed bilateral symmetrical ear lobe swelling secondary to lymphocytic infiltrates and its management, is presented. The various otologic and specific skin manifestations of leukemia are discussed and the literature reviewed. The temporal bone findings take the form of leukemic infiltrations, inflammation, and hemorrhage. These may present as a red or thickened tympanic membrane, hemotympanum, exudates in the middle ear, acute otitis media, mastoiditis, conductive or sensori‐neural hearing loss, dizziness, vertigo or facial paralysis.The specific skin manifestations take the form of nodules, papules, infiltrations, plaques, ulcerations and exfoliative erythroderma. These may present as skin lesions most commonly in the head and neck area, rarely presenting in the auricle and ear canal.
A Fused‐Ring Acceptor Unit in D–A Copolymers Benefits Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Zuo Chuantian , Cao Jiamin , Ding Liming 
Published: May 2014

Pentacyclic lactam acceptor unit TPTI invented by our group is proved to be a good building block for efficient D‐A copolymers used in organic solar cells. Here, two D‐A copolymers PBTTPTI and PTTTPTI are developed by copolymerizing TPTI with 2,2′‐bithiophene (BT) or thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (TT). PBTTPTI and PTTTPTI exhibit good solubility and strong interchain π–π interaction even in dilute solution. They possess deep HOMO levels (ca. ‐5.3 eV), partial crystallinity, and good hole mobilities. Blending with PC71BM, PBTTPTI and PTTTPTI give decent power conversion efficiencies (PCE) up to 6.83% and 5.86%, with outstanding fill factors (FF) of 74.3% and 71.3%, respectively.
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Comparison of the Movement Disorder Society Parkinson's disease dementia criteria with neuropsychological testing
Authors: Barton Brandon R. , Bernard Bryan , Czernecki Virginie , Goldman Jennifer G. , Stebbins Glenn , Dubois Bruno , Goetz Christopher G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe objective of our study was to compare Movement Disorder Society Task Force criteria for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) with the gold standard of traditional neuropsychological testing. A short checklist (Level I) and a protocol of neuropsychological tests (Level II) have been proposed by a Movement Disorder Society Task Force but not fully validated in clinical practice. Ninety‐one Parkinson's disease (PD) subjects were categorized as having dementia or no dementia based on a battery of neuropsychological test results and clinical judgment. The isolated components needed for Level I and Level II diagnoses were then culled from the neuropsychological evaluations and independently used to designate PDD. Compared with traditional neuropsychological testing, the sensitivity and specificity of Level I criteria for PDD was 66.7% and 98.8%, and for Level II criteria 100% and 92.7%, respectively. Using Level II criteria, 6 additional subjects were diagnosed with PDD that were classified as having no dementia when full neuropsychological data were used for the diagnosis. These 6 subjects had more education years and were less impaired on cognitive tests. The Movement Disorder Society's Level II criteria more frequently classify subjects with PDD than does traditional neuropsychological testing. Whereas Level II criteria may overclassify subjects as having PDD, they are very accurate in ruling out dementia. Movement Disorder Society's criteria are practical and timesaving, although full neuropsychological testing may still be needed. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A reflection on plasticity research in writing dystonia
Authors: Sadnicka Anna , Hamada Masashi , Bhatia Kailash P. , Rothwell John C. , Edwards Mark J. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTMuch attention has focused on the hypothesis that there is enhanced plasticity of sensorimotor circuits in patients with dystonia. A common experimental method to assess plasticity in dystonia research is paired associative stimulation (PAS). Excessive, nonfocal effects of PAS were observed in early studies of dystonia; however, these large effects have not been uniformly replicated. In this viewpoint, data from 15 patients with writing dystonia are presented. We suggest that, as in healthy individuals, the effects of PAS are highly variable. A review of previous studies examining PAS in writing dystonia highlights the range of results that have been observed. We conclude that current experimental evidence cannot be fully explained by the notion that PAS responses in writing dystonia are consistently excessive or nonspecific. The variability of PAS responses is such that enhanced plasticity should not be considered a dystonic fingerprint, because the direction of response can vary, and there is overlap between patient and healthy data. We also discuss evidence questioning the assumption that PAS responses are a clear correlate to levels of synaptic plasticity; we need to define more specifically what PAS responses signify in the dystonic brain. Our conclusions are limited to PAS in writing dystonia; however, much variation exists with other plasticity protocols. Large multicenter studies of both focal and generalized forms of dystonia, probing variability of individual neurophysiological profiles, are encouraged. This will reveal the true role of plasticity in the pathophysiology of dystonia and may expose subject‐specific therapeutic interventions that are currently concealed. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
TriClust: A Tool for Cross‐Species Analysis of Gene Regulation
Authors: Dede Duygu , Oğul Hasan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe present a software tool, called TriClust, for multi‐way analysis of gene expression data from paired conditions of multiple organisms. The analysis is based on a new concept called triclustering, which is an extension of biclustering over a third dimension that represents the organism where the microarray experiment is performed. TriClust provides a comprehensive analysis of co‐regulated genes under a subset of experimental conditions over multiple organisms. The results are visualized using heat‐maps and the Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment statistics. The experimental results indicate that TriClust can successfully identify biologically significant triclusters and promote a useful tool for cross species analysis of gene regulation from microarray expression data. The statistical results suggest that, when available, triclustering on multi‐organism data can result in better gene clusters in comparison to biclustering on single‐organism data. The TriClust software is publicly available as a standalone program.
MODELING THE EMERGENT EXECUTIVE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION
Authors: Wiebe Sandra A. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIn this Monograph, Buss and Spencer develop a novel theory of preschool executive function (EF) based on the principles of dynamic systems theory (DST). In this commentary, I discuss how this model contributes to our understanding of EF and highlight challenges that remain to be addressed. First, I discuss Buss and Spencer's model in the context of existing theories, and in terms of the processes thought to underlie developmental improvements in card‐sorting. Next, I explore implications for our understanding of the structure of EF in early childhood. Finally, I suggest possible extensions of this approach to later development, including whether and how this work might shed light on relations between individual differences in early EF and later developmental outcomes.
DYNAMIC FIELD THEORY AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS: LENDING EXPLANATION TO CURRENT THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Morton J. Bruce 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTBuss and Spencer's monograph is an impressive achievement that is sure to have a lasting impact on the field of child development. The dynamic field theory (DFT) model that forms the heart of this contribution is ambitious in scope, detailed in its implementation, and rigorously tested against data, old and new. As such, the ideas contained in this fine document represent a qualitative advance in our understanding of young children's behavior, and lay a foundation for future research into the developmental origins of executive functioning.
A new sensing‐throughput tradeoff scheme in cooperative multiband cognitive radio network
Authors: Liu Xin 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYA conventional cognitive radio network (CRN) uses the spectrum of the licensed primary network (PN) on the premise of detecting the absence of the PN by the spectrum sensing of the sensor node (SN). In this paper, a cooperative multiband CRN is considered, wherein the SNs are allowed to use some time of the transmission slot to relay PN data by cooperative communication, while using the remaining time of the transmission slot to forward its own data, over multiple sub‐bands during each frame, if the presence of PN is detected by cooperative spectrum sensing of the SNs in the sensing slot. A new sensing–throughput tradeoff scheme is formulated as a multi‐variable optimization problem, which maximizes the average aggregate throughput of the CRN over all the sub‐bands by jointly optimizing spectrum sensing time and sub‐band transmission power, subject to the constraints on the average aggregate throughput of the PN, the maximal aggregate power of each SN, and the false alarm and detection probabilities of each sub‐band. The bi‐level optimization method is adopted to obtain the optimal solution by dividing the multi‐variable optimization problem into two convex single‐variable sub‐optimization problems. The simulations show that there exists the optimal sensing time and sub‐band transmission power that maximize the average aggregate throughput of the CRN and, compared with the conventional scheme, the throughput obtained by the proposed scheme is outstanding. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A distributed implementation of mobility load balancing with power control and cell reselection in 4G network
Authors: Kang Hye J. , Kang Chung G. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYWe consider a self‐organizing network (SON) capability of mobility load balancing in a 4G network, which determines the transmission power level for individual base stations and cell reselection for individual mobile stations such that the network‐wide load is minimized while satisfying the minimum signal‐to‐noise and interference ratio (SINR) requirement of individual users. Both centralized and distributed schemes are proposed. The centralized scheme is based on the greedy algorithm, serving as a performance bound to the distributed scheme. The distributed scheme is to solve the system‐wide optimization problem in the flat network model, i.e. no central control node. Furthermore, it requires relatively low inter‐cell exchange information among neighboring cells over an inter‐cell channel, e.g. X2 interface in the LTE network. The proposed design objective is to minimize the number of mobile users that do not satisfy the specified average throughput, while distributing the user traffic load as uniformly as possible among the neighboring cells. Our simulation results for a uniform user distribution demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve up to almost 80% of a load balancing gain that has been achieved by a greedy algorithm in the centralized optimization. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the integration of cohesive elements in regard to utilization of coarse mesh in laminated composite materials
Authors: Bak Brian L.V. , Lindgaard Esben , Lund Erik 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYAn analysis of the solver convergence difficulties and erroneous results when large cohesive elements are utilized in delamination propagation simulations in laminated composites is presented. Special focus is given to the numerical integration of the cohesive element force vector and stiffness matrix. The magnitude and variation of the integration error are analyzed, and the results show that contrary to statements found elsewhere in the literature, the 2 × 2 point Newton‐Cotes quadrature, commonly used in commercial software, results in large errors and is one of the limiting factors for using larger elements. By reducing the integration error in the damage process zone of the interface, more accurate results can be obtained, and larger elements can be utilized with less iterations, thereby decreasing the computational cost. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specialized Fiber Collimators
Authors: Krischke Anja , Schulz Michael , Knothe Christian , Oechsner Ulrich 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe general interest in the investigation of ultra‐cold atoms and their distinct features has been constantly growing over the last few decades [1]. Whereas in the beginning, the process of cooling down presented the major challenge, now the extraordinary features of these ultra‐cold systems — for example Bose‐Einstein‐Condensates‐motivate researchers world‐wide to look closer than ever.