bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tale of two epistemologies : the evolution of nuclear safety in the US and French nuclear industry
Authors: Verma Aditi 
Published: July 2024

Cet article retrace l’évolution des différentes épistémologies de la régulation de la sûreté nucléaire que connaissent les États-Unis et la France, en examinant l’usage et l’évolution de l’évaluation probabiliste des risques et de la défense en profondeur dans chacun de ces pays. L’analyse propose un aperçu de la manière dont les contextes industriel et historique de chaque pays ont modelé leurs approches de régulation propres s’agissant de sûreté nucléaire. Aux États-Unis, l’approche centrée sur les risques prévaut en matière de sûreté nucléaire, découlant de l’évolution historique de la Commission de l’énergie atomique, devenue Commission de réglementation nucléaire. Cette commission a pris le parti d’une méthodologie mettant l’accent sur la transparence, la répétabilité, et le recours à l’évaluation quantitative plutôt qu’au jugement d’ordre qualitatif dans la prise de décision réglementaire, avec la défense en profondeur envisagée au fil du temps comme un volet qualitatif complémentaire. À l’inverse, l’Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire (ASN) française admet la défense en profondeur comme étant un principe fondateur. Le modèle français maintient une approche qualitative et flexible alignée sur les attentes du public vis-à-vis de l’amélioration de la sûreté, en évitant de s’engager fermement en faveur d’objectifs de sûreté quantitatifs et en dotant l’ASN d’un pouvoir discrétionnaire concernant l’amélioration de la sûreté. Malgré ces philosophies divergentes concernant la sûreté, aucune inégalité marquante n’apparaît dans les historiques de sécurité opérationnelle des réacteurs nucléaires dans les deux pays. Cependant ces épistémologies pourraient influencer la conception et les choix technologiques de futurs réacteurs. En analysant les rapports réglementaires et la presse spécialisée, l’article souligne le rôle et les interactions de « cultures épistémiques », révélant la complexité des usages des communautés d’experts qui modèlent et interprètent les paradigmes de la sûreté nucléaire tout en suivant des contextes technologiques et sociaux mouvants.
Greece and Cyprus
Authors: Steele Philippa M. 
Published: July 2024

This paper poses the question of what graphic diversity – i.e. variation in the features of writing systems – has to do with linguistic diversity and contact. The differing features of the Archaic regional Greek alphabets, for example, have overwhelmingly been studied in terms of palaeographical variation, and attempts to reconstruct the relationships between them have focused mainly on sign repertoire and sign shapes. We may assume that the dialectal diversity of Archaic Greece would map onto this picture of graphic diversity, and perhaps to some extent motivate it, but the distribution of features tells quite a different story. A further question revolves around the ways in which different writing systems may interact with each other: what is involved in such “graphic contact”? Can we think of it as operating in similar ways to language contact or not?
Contacts linguistiques et emprunts lexicaux aux langues non grecques en dialecte tarentin
Authors: Viredaz Antoine 
Published: July 2024

Dans cet article, les indices historiques de contacts entre les Grecs de Tarente et les peuples de langue messapienne, osque, latine et sicule sont passés en revue. Cet examen fournit un cadre à l’étude de données relatives au contact linguistique entre Tarentins et locuteurs de langues non grecques. Trois lexèmes tarentins susceptibles d’être empruntés à des langues non grecques sont étudiés dans cette perspective : (1) ῥογός « grenier », substantif pour lequel une origine latine a été envisagée ; (2) Δίς « Zeus », qui trouverait sa source dans le théonyme messapien zis ; (3) νοῦμμος, nom désignant une monnaie d’argent tarentine, apparemment lié au latin nummus, mais dont l’attribution au dialecte tarentin est douteuse. L’examen linguistique montre que, de ces exemples, seul le premier constitue indubitablement un emprunt à une langue non grecque ; jusqu’à la conquête romaine, le grec tarentin paraît majoritairement soumis à l’influence lexicale du grec de Sicile.
Joi(e)s d’amour dans le manuscrit BnF, fr. 23111
Authors: Donnat-Aracil Claire 
Published: July 2024

L’article examine comment la double composition du manuscrit BnF, fr. 23111, qui comprend des textes ascétiques et des textes d’inspiration lyrique, influe sur la définition qu’il propose de la joie et induit une réflexion sur les conditions dans lesquelles le langage du joi profane peut être convoqué pour décrire la joie d’aimer Dieu. En analysant successivement les relations entre joie et joi dans leurs rapports à l’amour, au désir et à la performance poétique, il sera possible d’observer comment ce manuscrit, probablement copié à destination de religieuses, encadre strictement les expressions spirituelles de la joie amoureuse.
Variations sur la joie à la fin du Moyen Âge : du Mariage Rutebeuf aux Quinze Joies de mariage
Authors: Mühlethaler Jean-Claude 
Published: July 2024

Du Roman de la Rose aux Quinze Joyes de mariage et aux Lamentations de Mathéolus de Jean Le Fèvre en passant par le Mariage Rutebeuf, la veine misogame s’affirme à côté de la veine courtoise. Le thème du mariage comme prison se rencontre déjà chez Rutebeuf ; il domine les Quinze Joies de mariage, rédigées autour de 1400, où revient, nouvelle après nouvelle, l’image de la nasse où les maris sont retenus prisonniers. Comme chez Rutebeuf, la courtoisie n’y a guère droit de cité et est entraînée dans les jeux de la dérision : la joie en vient à dire le triomphe du bas corporel, le plaisir de la ruse dans un monde aux relents carnavalesques. Le renversement parodique s’affiche à travers le contraste entre les joies de la Vierge (registre élevé) et les misères de la vie quotidienne (registre bas). Le rire reste insouciant aussi longtemps que la veine morale, présente en sourdine, n’affleure pas à la conscience du lecteur, lui rappelant combien la derisio est un plaisir problématique. À l’image des femmes qui jouissent des tours joués aux maris, le public rit des joies par antiphrase de ces pantins incapables d’admettre la réalité de leurs peines.
Que signifie : « éduquer des citoyens » ?
Authors: Foray Philippe 
Published: July 2024

Cet article pose la question : que signifie « éduquer des citoyens » ? Cette question n’est simple qu’en apparence. Pour la traiter, il me semble nécessaire de distinguer au moins deux sens du terme de citoyen, lesquels correspondent à deux façons différentes de dire la dimension politique de l’éducation : (a) penser l’éducation en termes de fonction sociale et (b) penser l’éducation en termes de « fonction civique ». Chacun de ces points de vue a sa pertinence. Mais il n’est pas sûr qu’ils se recouvrent l’un l’autre ; il est au contraire assez vraisemblable qu’ils sont en grande partie dissociés et qu’ils ne se recoupent que partiellement. De cette distinction entre ces deux modalités de la dimension politique de l’éducation, on espère pouvoir tirer plusieurs conséquences : – comprendre que l’expression « éduquer des citoyens » change de sens selon que l’on adopte l’un ou l’autre point de vue ; – comprendre les difficultés inhérentes au projet politique d’éduquer des citoyens à partir de la confusion entre ces deux significations, et en particulier, montrer ce qu’il y a d’abstrait et de critiquable dans l’affirmation selon laquelle l’éducation des citoyens constituerait la priorité de l’éducation ; – comprendre enfin les relations entre les deux sens du terme de citoyenneté et surtout entre les implications différentes des programmes éducatifs correspondants. À l’arrivée, l’enjeu de cette étude n’est certainement pas de nier la dimension politique de l’éducation en général (et de la scolarité en particulier) ; il est de proposer des clarifications conceptuelles permettant d’éviter les confusions liées à l’équivocité des termes, et d’avoir une conscience la plus claire possible des différentes manières dont l’éducation participe à l’éducation des citoyens, mais aussi dans quelles limites elle le fait.
Les questions socialement vives : vers un renouveau dans une formation du citoyen en milieu scolaire ?
Authors: Chauvigné Céline 
Published: July 2024

De l’instruction morale et civique aux « éducations à » et en particulier les questions socialement vives, l’éducation à la citoyenneté constitue une mission plus ou moins plébiscitée par l’école en fonction des contextes traversés. Tantôt enseignement, tantôt éducation, ces approches de la citoyenneté en milieu scolaire ont mis longtemps en évidence les aspects normatifs d’une telle démarche souvent tiraillée entre conformité, régulation et émancipation. Mais les récentes inflexions curriculaires ainsi que l’injonction toujours plus accrue d’un engagement citoyen actif et engagé viennent-elles redessiner ou pour le moins offrir des conditions de possibilité d’une éducation au politique dans un souci d’émancipation réel des élèves ? Le présent article cherchera, à partir d’une rapide rétrospective de l’éducation à la citoyenneté, de voir en quoi les fondements de ces nouvelles mesures scolaires permettent une éducation citoyenne entendue comme outil fédérateur au service du sens commun augurant d’une construction d’une communauté d’individus responsables et capables de décisions.
The Antibacterial Activity of Lactophenol, Safranin, and Methyl Red Dyes Against Clinically Isolated Escherichia Coli
Authors: Ahmeed Haneen Waheed , Al-Khikani Falah Hasan Obayes , Khudair Khadeeja Kareem 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground:Escherichia coli(E. coli) is a type of bacteria commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals that can be pathogenic and develop resistance to various antibiotics through different mechanisms, making them difficult to treat with standard therapies. So using alternative strategies to treatE. coliis urgent, such as utilizing certain dyes that may be a promising branch in microbial therapy.Materials and Methods:The bacteria (E. coli) were isolated from the urinary tract and cultured in three media (blood agar, macConkey agar, and EMB agar), then they were incubated for 24-h at a temperature of 37°C to grow. Well diffusion method used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of lactophenol, methyl red, and safranin stains. The antibiotic discs (Gentamicin) were used by the disc diffusion method. All the statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 26 software and the Excel app.Results:The participants in this study were 66.67% women, while 33.33% were men, with significant differences (P< 0.05). Gentamicin showed high a rate of sensitivity (88.89%). All isolates ofE. coli(100%) were sensitive to lactophenol; in contrast, all isolates (100%) were resistant to methyl red dye.E. coliisolates revealed 55.56% resistance to safranin.Conclusions:Lactophenol inhibition zone was 20.78 ± 5.40 mm, which revealed a great inhibition zone compared to gentamicin’s 17.22 ± 6.55 mm with no significant differences (P= 0.22). That means lactophenol is equal in activity to gentamicin to treatE. coli.
Sealing efficacy of various rubber dam barrier materials used for isolation procedures: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Patel Jaimini J. , Shah Nimisha Chinmay , Janani Krishnamachari , Mahalaxmi Sekar , Porwal Priya S. , Jain Aishwarya D. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the sealing efficacy of three dam seal materials.

Methods:
Ninety participants were enrolled after obtaining consent. After the placement of rubber dam (RD), a stream of air was applied at the interface area and visualized at ××6 magnification to identify sealing ability. Dam seal materials were divided into Group A: Liquid Dam, Group B: Kool-Dam, and Group C: OraSeal caulking putty substance. Leakage was assessed using self-designed criteria such as sealing ability, retention, ease of adaptability, and removal. The data were tabulated and analyzed using IBM SPSS 20 software.

Results:
Kool-Dam (Group B) demonstrated superior effectiveness in controlling saliva seepage around the clamp and teeth (P = 0.039) compared to other groups. In addition, it was evident that Kool-Dam (Group B) had greater effectiveness as compared to Liquid Dam and OraSeal (Group C) with relation to the retention of dam seal material (P = 0.039). There was no statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the ease of adaptation or removal of dam seal material.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the importance of dam seal materials as an adjunct material to establish a tight seal over a RD placement. From the present study, it was evident that Kool-Dam exhibited superior performance over Liquid Dam and OraSeal dam seal material in terms of better sealing ability and retention of the dam seal materials.
Difficulties in clinical nursing education: perspectives of nurse educators in a selected faculty of nursing
Authors: Salem Mohamed Z. , Mohamed Sayeda M. , Ayoub Amany S. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Clinical education is an essential part of nursing education. It aims to prepare students to be able to provide safe and quality nursing care. However, despite its significance, it carries many difficulties for responsible nurse educators due to its unique nature.

Aim
To determine the difficulties of clinical nursing education from nurse educators’ perspectives.

Design
A descriptive design was used.

Setting
The current study was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University.

Sample
A purposive sample consisting of 180 nurse educators who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study.

Tools
(a) Nurse educator’s characteristics sheet and (b) difficulties in clinical nursing education from perspectives of nurse educator’s questionnaire.

Results
The study results revealed that the difficulties from the perspectives of nurse educators included students/educator ratio (48.9%), availability of conference rooms (57.2%), availability of sufficient numbers of clinical settings (51.1%), availability of changing rooms for faculty staff members (48.9%), availability of needed supplies and equipment for training (45.0%), and overcrowding as a result of presence of students from other programs that result in lack of learning opportunities (46.7%).

Conclusion
There are many difficulties in clinical nursing education from the perspective of nurse educators. On top of these difficulties were the increasing number of students and the lack of educational facilities in clinical settings.

Recommendation
Faculty administration should plan carefully in relation to student/educator ratio as well as provide adequate facilities and resources to achieve educational objectives.
The Fukuda stepping test is associated with various patterns of displacement
Authors: Paquet Nicole , Michaud Lucas , Lajoie Yves 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study was to characterize individual path trajectories during the 50-step Fukuda stepping test (FST) and to determine the impact of step height on these trajectories.

Methods:
Kinematic data from the shoulders and feet were recorded in 12 young healthy adults while performing the FST at a comfortable step height (CoStep) and while stepping with lifting the knees high (HiStep). Path trajectories were depicted by step-by-step displacement of the right and left toes, and body rotation was obtained from the rotation of the shoulders. The effect of step height on the distance traveled and the final anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral displacements and rotation were determined with paired t-tests.

Results:
Path trajectories were composed of various combinations of forward displacement, lateral deviation, and rotation to the left or right. In comparison with CoStep, the mean AP displacement and mean distance traveled were significantly shorter in HiStep (P < 0.05) while the mean rotation was significantly larger in HiStep (P < 0.05), but the displacement patterns were not modified.

Conclusion:
We found that the path trajectories vary greatly among participants, and that step height has a significant impact on the magnitude of displacements and rotation during the FST.
Effect of auditory memory load on speech-evoked P300 in healthy adolescents
Authors: Ranjan Rajesh , Bhat Jayashree S. , Kalaiah Mohan Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
The P300 is a late cortical neurophysiological response that can be elicited with auditory and visual stimulation, by presenting the stimuli in an odd-ball paradigm. When deviant stimuli are elicited using auditory stimuli, the P300 is recorded as a large positive peak approximately 300 ms after the stimulus onset in the waveform. Adolescent brain development is heavily influenced by hormonal and physical transitions. Most of the investigations have been done in children and adults, with a limited focus on adolescents. Hence, there is a need to understand the characteristics of P300 in this group.

Objective:
The current research was planned to measure the effect of auditory memory load on speech-evoked P300 in healthy adolescents.

Methods:
A total of 14 late adolescents aged between 18.1 and 24 years participated in the study. The P300 was used to record speech stimuli in N-back (zero-back, one-back, and two-back) tasks using 64 channels.

Results:
There was a significant difference in the latency and amplitude of P300 across the N-back tasks. The mean amplitude of P300 was the highest in a zero-back task and the lowest in a one-back task, and the mean latency of P300 was the lowest in a zero-back task and the highest in a one-back task.

Conclusion:
Prolonged latency and smaller amplitude of the P300 as the N-back difficulty level increased from zero-back to one-back and then two-back tasks in healthy adolescents.
Role of adaptive radiotherapy during concomitant chemoradiotherapy for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Ozdemir Beyza Sirin , Yavuz Ali A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Tumor shrinkage is frequently observed during conventionally fractionated chemoradiotherapy for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The specific goals of this study are to evaluate the gross tumor volume (GTV) changes due to treatment-induced tumor reduction during the course of radiotherapy (RT) and to examine its potential use in adaptive radiotherapy (ART) for tumor dose escalation or normal tissue sparing in patients with SCLC.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 10 patients with SCLC eligible for chemoradiotherapy underwent computed tomography (CT) scan after Fractions 13 and 23 (at nominal doses of 23.4 Gy and 41.4 Gy, respectively). The GTV was delineated on the repeat CT scans, and two treatment plans were generated with or without adaptation to tumor shrinkage during RT for each patient. Dosimetric and volumetric analyses were performed.

Results:
The average GTV reduction observed over 13 fractions was 58.5% (range: 13.2%–92.3%; P < 0.001) and over 23 fractions was 70% (range: 36.9%–84.5%; P < 0.001). Compared with the plan without adaptation, ART resulted in mean lung dose relative decreases of 8.7%, mean lung volume receiving ≥20 Gy relative decreases of 5%, mean lung volume receiving ≥5Gy relative decreases of 10%, mean medulla spinalis dose relative decreases of 21 cGy, mean esophagus volume receiving ≥50 Gy relative decreases of 19%, and mean heart volume receiving ≥42 Gy relative decreases of 13%. The benefits of ART were the greatest for tumor volumes ≥30 cm3 and are directly dependent on GTV reduction during treatment.

Conclusion:
ART for SCLC achieved a significant benefit in terms of organ at risk (OAR) and dose escalation.
Exploring risk factors and determinants: A scoping review of factors associated with nomophobia
Authors: Rajguru Akanksha J. , Mishra Ashwani K. , Bhargava Rachna , Sarkar Siddharth , Balhara Yatan Pal Singh 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Nomophobia or no-mobile-phone phobia, defined as the fear of being unable to use or being unreachable via one’s mobile phone. The pervasive concern has varied bio-psychosocial and clinical implications in an individual’s life. Nomophobia is currently in an exploratory phase.

Methods:
A scoping review was conducted to systematically map the relevant evidence and literature on nomophobia. The review of scholarly literature spanning from January 2010 to May 2023 employed a narrative synthesis methodology to succinctly encapsulate the research findings. Additionally, it encompassed a meticulous examination and visual representation of studies, detailing both the frequency of investigation into specific variables and the instances in which said variables exhibited a statistically significant association with nomophobia.

Results:
A thorough examination of 92 studies revealed a total of 133 variables spanning demographic, lifestyle-related, academic, smartphone-related, psychosocial, and clinical domains. Notably, 42.86% of these variables have only been investigated in a single research study, underscoring the imperative for replication to enhance the generalizability, validity, and applicability of research findings. Moreover, the review identifies Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) by Yildirim and Correia as the most widely used tool for measuring the severity of nomophobia.

Conclusion:
There is a crucial need for homogeneity and consistency in reporting nomophobia scores and establishing corresponding gradations indicative of functional ramifications or clinical severity of nomophobia. The findings elucidate significant research gaps in existing literature on nomophobia, hold implications for further synthesis of data, and contribute to a comprehensive understanding of nomophobia; ensuring superior diagnostic accuracy and precision, and facilitating successful delivery of targeted interventions.
Assessment of Severity of Substance use for Outcomes Research and Treatment (ASSORT): A substance use severity scale developed and validated across six tertiary care centers in India
Authors: Basu Aniruddha , Bhad Roshan , Bharadwaj Balaji , Bharti Ayushi , Choudhury Shinjini , Das Prioma , Dinesh M. , Guin Aparajita , Joshi Tanmay , Krishnan Vijay , Kumar Pankaj , Mansoori Saba , Mishra Ashwani Kumar , Nebhinani Naresh , Rajpurohit Surendra S. , Ranjan Rajeev , Sarkar Siddharth , Shekhar Saurabh , Singh Pranshu , Sood Esha , Swami Mukesh K. 
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims:
Assessment of the severity of substance use disorders (SUDs) in a culture-sensitive manner can help gauge the current condition of the substance user and assess change with time. The present study aimed to develop a scale for the assessment of the severity of SUDs in the Indian clinical context.

Methods:
Based upon the review of literature on previously available instruments and a consultative meeting of experts, a clinician-rated scale was developed that finally comprised 41 items. A briefer 5-item scale with current and lifetime versions was also developed. The scales were applied to patients with SUDs at six different clinical sites.

Results:
The instrument was applied to 720 patients (98.2% males, mean age: 34.6 years). The Cronbach’s alpha of the full scale was 0.852. The inter-rater reliability Pearson correlation coefficient of the full-scale was r = 0.821 (P < 0.001), and the intra-class correlation coefficient single measure was 0.800 (95% confidence interval: 0.724–0.956). A four-factor solution was suggested to be the most tenable. The mean application duration of the full scale was 13.4 minutes, and that of the briefer version was 2 minutes.

Conclusion:
This validated scale could be a potentially useful assessment measure for the severity of SUDs in the Indian context. The utility lies in the simplicity of administration and scoring and the balance between brevity and thorough assessment.