bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feuerverzinken im Brückenbau
Authors: Ungermann Dieter , Rademacher Dennis , Oechsner Matthias , Simonsen Fabian , Friedrich Susanne , Lebelt Peter 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn dem hier vorgestellten Forschungsprojekt wurden durch die TU Dortmund, die MPA Darmstadt und das Institut für Korrosionsschutz Dresden GmbH der wissenschaftliche und technische Nachweis eines sicheren Einsatzes der Feuerverzinkung im Stahl‐ und Verbundbrückenbau erbracht (Teil 1 s. Stahlbau, H. 1/2015). Durch Laborbelastungen und Freibewitterung konnte die Korrosionsschutzwirkung der Feuerverzinkung für bis zu 100 Jahre, d. h. über die gesamte rechnerische Lebensdauer einer Brücke hinweg, nachgewiesen werden. Durch zusätzliche Entwicklung einer Ausführungsanweisung für Montagestöße können damit die ökologischen und ökonomischen Vorteile gegenüber den aktuell eingesetzten Korrosionsschutzsystemen genutzt werden.Hot‐dip galvanizing in bridge construction – Part 2: Using hot‐dip galvanizing as a lifetime corrosion protection for bridge constructions. In the here presented research project the scientific and technical evidence for the safe use of hot‐dip galvanizing for steel and composite bridges were provided by TU Dortmund, MPA Darmstadt and Institut für Korrosionsschutz Dresden GmbH. By laboratory tests and natural weathering the evidence of the corrosion protection of hot dip galvanizing for up to 100 years, i. e. over the entire calculated life of a bridge, could be provided. With the additional developed design guide for mounting joints the environmental and economic advantages over the currently applied corrosion protection systems can be used.
Verbessertes Näherungsverfahren für Hohlsteifen orthotroper Fahrbahnplatten
Authors: Fechner Max 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOrthotrope Fahrbahnplatten von Stahlbrücken werden häufig mit trapezförmigen Hohlsteifen gefertigt. Die Berechnung der Längsrippen und des Deckblechs kann z. B. über vereinfachte Annahmen mit herausgelösten Teilsystemen oder als komplexes Modell nach der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode geführt werden. Letztere bedingt zumeist einen hohen Aufwand und setzt Erfahrung sowie gute Kenntnis des Anwenders voraus, um Fehler in der Modellierung zu vermeiden. Daher werden Deckblech und Längsrippen in der Regel als Einzelsysteme betrachtet. Dies führt bei dem bisher üblichen Näherungsverfahren vor allem infolge von Radlasten zu deutlich überschätzten Schnittgrößen. Die Optimierung dieses Berechnungsverfahrens zeigt, dass die Spannungen in Längsrippen und Deckblech unter Radlasten besser erfasst werden können und den Ergebnissen der FEM sehr nahe kommen.Improved approximation procedure for hollow stiffeners of orthotropic deck plates. Orthotropic deck plates of steel bridges are often built with trapezoidal hollow stiffeners. The calculation of the longitudinal ribs and the deck plate can be performed by simplified assumptions with extracted subsystems or complex models based on the finite element method. The latter usually requires a lot of effort as well as experience and good knowledge of the user in order to avoid errors in the modelling. Therefore, the deck plate and the longitudinal ribs are generally examined as individual systems. For the usual approximation procedures, this results in significantly overestimated internal forces, especially in consequence of wheel loads. The optimization of this calculation method shows that the stresses in the longitudinal ribs and in the deck plate can be determined better under wheel loads and come very close to the results of the FEM.
Anregungen für die Hochhäuser von morgen − Internationaler Hochhaus Preis 2014
Authors: Möller Eberhard 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDie Jury des Internationalen Hochhaus Preises (IHP) 2014 hat entschieden: Die Wohnhochhäuser Bosco Verticale von Boeri Studio in Mailand gewinnen den Wettbewerb um das weltweit innovativste Hochhaus. Damit ist ein Projekt prämiert, das Pionierarbeit für die Bepflanzung von Hochhäusern geleistet hat und als Prototyp für die Städte der Zukunft gehandelt wird. Aus über 800 Hochhäusern, fertiggestellt innerhalb der letzten zwei Jahre, hat das Deutsche Architekturmuseum (DAM) 26 Gebäude aus 17 Ländern ausgewählt, die gemeinsam mit dem Preisträger in der Ausstellung “BEST HIGHRISES 2014/15 − Internationaler Hochhaus Preis 2014“ bis zum 1. Februar 2015 in Frankfurt am Main zu sehen waren.Suggestions for the Skyscrapers of tomorrow − International Highrise Award 2014. The jury of the International Highrise Award (IHP) 2014 resolved unanimously: the residential highrise Bosco Verticale in Milan, desigend by Boeri Studio, has won the prize for the world’s most innovative highrise. The IHP 2014 awarded a project that blazes the trail for greened highrises and can be considered a prototype for the cities of tomorrow. From over 800 highrises that were commissioned worldwide over the last two years, Deutsches Architekturmuseum (DAM) nominated 26 outstanding buildings from 17 different countries. The exhibition “BEST HIGHRISES – INTERNATIONAL HIGHRISE AWARD 2014” presents not only the winner but also the 26 nominated projects in Frankfurt/Main and was open till February 1st, 2015.
Steel bridges – numerical simulation of total service life including fracture mechanic concepts
Authors: Lener Gerhard 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe assessment of the total service life of a steel structure should gain importance in the near future due to the increasing significance of building preservation and building modernization. The main cause of the failure of existing structural steelwork under cyclic loading effects is material fatigue. Most steel structures are, however, failure‐tolerant. For economic reasons, this behaviour can be considered by including the crack propagation phase in the assessment. This contribution presents newly developed software tools and the results of some simulations of the total lifetimes of existing structures.
Long‐term corrosion protection for bridge cables with butyl rubber tapes using the ATIS Cableskin® system
Authors: Nützel Oswald , Saul Reiner 
Published: February 2015

AbstractATIS Cableskin® is a corrosion protection system for bridge cables which uses proven materials to strike out in a new direction. These innovative ideas mean that, for the first time, corrosion protection work on scaffolds and in enclosures will be a thing of the past, and the costs and traffic restrictions are massively reduced. It is worth highlighting the extremely long lifetime of this corrosion protection.
Biochemical, histopathological, and transmission electron microscopic ultrastructural changes in mice after exposure to silver nanoparticles
Authors: Ansari Mohammad Azam , Khan Haris M. , Khan Aijaz A. , Alzohairy Mohammad A. , Waseem Mohammad , Ahmad Mohammad Kaleem , Mahdi Abbas Ali 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTFour‐week‐old mice, weighing about 25–35 g were divided into five groups (8 mice in each group): vehicle control, low‐ (0.5 g/kg), middle‐ (1 g/kg), high‐ (3 g/kg), and exceptionally high‐dose (5 g/kg). After first and second weeks of intraperitoneal exposure to AgNPs, biochemical, histopathological, and electron microscopic ultrastructural changes were investigated. No significant changes were observed in SGOT and ALP levels after first week of exposure, while the level of SGPT significantly increased (p < 0.05) in 2nd week treated mice, indicating that inflammatory of liver might be induced by high‐dose (3 and 5 g/kg) of AgNPs. No obvious changes were observed for UA and BUN in all groups of treated mice. However, significant (p < 0.05) decrease in CR level was noticed in all groups of treated mice only at high‐dose (3 and 5 g/kg). No remarkable changes in lipid profile were observed. Light microscopic histopathological investigation shows that first week treatment had not perceptible effect on the cytoarchitecture on liver, kidney, and spleen; while, second week treatment had only sporadic mild effects on these organs. However, no ultrastructural electron microscopic changes were observed in liver, kidney, and spleen of mice treated with 0.5, 1, and 3 g/kg of AgNPs when sacrificed on first and second week; while, exceptionally high‐dose (5 g/kg) of AgNPs resulted in slight nuclear chromatin condensation and irregularities in nuclear membrane. The results suggested that AgNPs could be well tolerated in mice when given intraperitoneally and no death has been found during the experiment in any groups of treated mice. Interestingly, significant (<0.05) decrease in glucose levels in all experiment group is suggestive of curious hypoglycemic role of AgNPs warranting further study to explore its possible therapeutic potential in hyperglycemic conditions as well as its mechanism of action at molecular level. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 945–956, 2016.
Serum alpha‐fetoprotein in the three trimesters of pregnancy: effects of maternal characteristics and medical history
Authors: Bredaki F. E. , Sciorio C. , Wright A. , Wright D. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo define the contribution of maternal variables which influence the measured level of maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) in screening for pregnancy complications.MethodsMaternal characteristics and medical history were recorded and serum AFP was measured in women with a singleton pregnancy attending for three routine hospital visits at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6, 19 + 0 to 24 + 6 and 30 + 0 to 34 + 6 weeks' gestation. For pregnancies delivering phenotypically normal live births or stillbirths ≥ 24 weeks' gestation, variables from maternal demographic characteristics and medical history that are important in the prediction of AFP were determined from a linear mixed‐effects multiple regression.ResultsSerum AFP was measured in 17 071 cases in the first trimester, 8583 in the second trimester and 8607 in the third trimester. Significant independent contributions to serum AFP were provided by gestational age, maternal weight, racial origin, gestational age at delivery and birth‐weight Z‐score of the neonate of the previous pregnancy and interpregnancy interval. Cigarette smoking was found to significantly affect serum AFP in the first trimester only. The machine used to measure serum AFP was also found to have a significant effect. Random‐effects multiple regression analysis was used to define the contribution of maternal variables that influence the measured level of serum AFP and express the values as multiples of the median (MoMs). The model was shown to provide an adequate fit of MoM values for all covariates, both in pregnancies that developed pre‐eclampsia and in those without this pregnancy complication.ConclusionsA model was fitted to express measured serum AFP across the three trimesters of pregnancy as MoMs, after adjusting for variables from maternal characteristics and medical history that affect this measurement. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Effect of cervical cerclage on rate of cervical shortening
Authors: Drassinower D. , Vink J. , Pessel C. , Vani K. , Brubaker S. G. , Zork N. , Ananth C. V. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough cerclage has been shown to reduce the risk of recurrent preterm birth in a high‐risk patient population, the mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood. Our objective was to evaluate whether cerclage affects the rate of cervical shortening taking into account exposure to 17‐hydroxyprogesterone and vaginal progesterone.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of women who had serial cervical length measurements due to a history of spontaneous preterm delivery. Demographic data, obstetric history, progesterone administration, delivery information and serial cervical length measurements were collected. The rate of cervical shortening was compared in women with and without cerclage. Subgroup analyses were performed to compare rates of cervical shortening by indication for cerclage (history indicated vs ultrasound indicated) and outcome in the current pregnancy (cerclage vs no cerclage among those who delivered preterm).ResultsA total of 414 women were included of whom 32.4% (n = 134) had a cerclage. There was no difference in the rate of cervical shortening between the cerclage (0.8 mm/week) and no‐cerclage (1.0 mm/week, P = 0.43) groups. The rates of cervical shortening among history‐indicated and ultrasound‐indicated cerclage groups were similar (0.9 vs 1.3 mm/week, respectively, P = 0.2). Among patients with a preterm delivery in the index pregnancy, the rates of cervical shortening among those with (1.31 mm/week) and without (1.28 mm/week, P = 0.78) cerclage were also similar.ConclusionCervical shortening among women with cerclage occurs at a similar rate to that among women without a cerclage, regardless of indication for cerclage or pregnancy outcome. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Why is socially‐just climate change adaptation in sub‐Saharan Africa so challenging? A review of barriers identified from empirical cases
Authors: Shackleton Sheona , Ziervogel Gina , Sallu Susannah , Gill Thomas , Tschakert Petra 
Published: February 2015

To enhance understanding of the process of climate change adaptation and to facilitate the planning and implementation of socially‐just adaptation strategies, deeper consideration of the factors that impede adaptation is required. In response, scholars have increasingly identified barriers to adaptation in the literature. But, despite this progress, knowledge of barriers that hamper adaptation in developing countries remains limited, especially in relation to underlying causes of vulnerability and low adaptive capacity. To further improve understanding of barriers to adaptation and identify gaps in the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge, we undertook a synthesis of empirical literature from sub‐Saharan Africa focusing on vulnerable, natural resource‐dependent communities and livelihoods. Our review illustrates that: (1) local‐level studies that reveal barriers to adaptation are diverse, although there is a propensity for studies on small‐holder farmers; (2) many of the studies identify several barriers to adaptation, but appreciation of their interactions and compounded impacts remains scarce; and (3) most of the barriers uncovered relate broadly to biophysical, knowledge, and financial constraints on agricultural production and rural development. More hidden and under‐acknowledged political, social, and psychological barriers are rarely mentioned, unless captured in studies that specifically set out to investigate these. We finish our review by highlighting gaps in understanding and by suggesting future research directions, focusing on issues of social justice. We argue that research on barriers needs to start asking why these barriers emerge, how they work together to shape adaptation processes, who they affect most, and what is needed to overcome them. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:321–344. doi: 10.1002/wcc.335This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
The Potential and Perspective of Peroral Endoscopic Esophageal Myotomy for Achalasia
Authors: Fuchs K. H. , Schulz T. , Varga G. , Babic B. , Breithaupt W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe therapeutic spectrum of this disorder consists of medical therapy, endoscopic balloon dilatation, endoscopic Botox injection, open or laparoscopic cardia myotomy, and most recently transesophageal endoscopic myotomy (POEM peroral endoscopic myotomy). The most important requirement is a well‐experienced team in interventional flexible endoscopy. The endoscopist as well as the assisting staff should have experience in advanced therapeutic endoscopic techniques and hemostasis to handle all necessary endoscopic instruments such as injection needles, needle knife, triangle knife, coagulation graspers, and endoscopic clip handling and closures. In addition, advanced surgical and especially laparoscopic skills and experience as well as surgical knowledge about esophageal disease must be available in case of conversion and/or consultation. Prior to this procedure, the patient undergoes a detailed diagnostic work‐up to confirm the diagnosis of achalasia. The procedures are performed in general anesthesia. The patient is brought in a supine position, and the abdomen is free for inspection and palpation during the procedure. The myotomy can be performed in different locations around the esophageal circumference. In Europe, several centers with large experience in esophageal disease, laparoscopy, and especially advanced interventional endoscopy have started to introduce this POEM‐technique in their clinical practice. Initial success and low complication rates are quite promising and show a great future perspective for this technique. In the USA, POEM is a procedure with a substantial increase in numbers performed in the past years with a low complication rate. The largest series are performed in Asia with a great clinical success. The perspective of POEM may be the lesser access trauma. Its potential can be also realized in Redo cases, where experienced centers have initial experience with POEM after POEM and POEM after LHMD.
Quality of Life Following Repair of Large Hiatal Hernia is Improved but not Influenced by Use of Mesh: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Koetje Jan H. , Irvine Tanya , Thompson Sarah K. , Devitt Peter G. , Woods Simon D. , Aly Ahmad , Jamieson Glyn G. , Watson David I. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic surgery is the treatment of choice for repair of large hiatus hernia, but can be followed by recurrence. Repair with prosthetic mesh has been recommended to prevent recurrence, although complications following mesh repair have generated disagreement about whether or not mesh should be used. The early objective and clinical results of a randomized trial of repair with mesh versus sutures have been reported, and revealed few differences. In the current study, we evaluated quality of life outcomes within this trial at follow‐up to 2 years.MethodsIn a multicenter prospective double‐blind randomized trial three methods for repair of large hiatus hernia were compared: sutures versus repair with absorbable mesh (Surgisis) versus non‐absorbable (Timesh). Quality of life assessment using the Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36) questionnaire was undertaken at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. SF‐36 outcomes (8 individual scales and 2 composite scales) were determined for each group, and compared between groups, and across different follow‐up points.Results126 patients were enrolled—43 sutures, 41 absorbable mesh and 42 non‐absorbable mesh. 115 (91.3 %) completed a preoperative questionnaire, and 113 (89.7 %) completed the post‐operative questionnaire at 3 months, 116 (92.1 %) at 6 months, 114 (90.5 %) at 12 months, and 91 (72.2 %) at 24 months. The SF‐36 Physical and Mental Component Scores (PCS and MCS) improved significantly following surgery, and this improvement was sustained across 24 months follow‐up (p < 0.001 for PCS and MCS at each follow‐up point). There were no significant differences between the groups for the component scores or the eight SF‐36 subscale scores at each follow‐up time. 29 individuals had a recurrence at 6 months follow‐up, of which 9 were symptomatic. The PCS were higher in patients with recurrence versus without (p < 0.01), and in patients with a symptomatic recurrence versus asymptomatic recurrence versus no recurrence (p = 0.001).ConclusionSF‐36 measured quality of life improved significantly after repair of large hiatal hernia at up to 2 years follow‐up, and there were no differences in outcome for the different repair techniques. The use of mesh versus no mesh in repair of large hiatal hernia did not influence quality of life.
Evolution of Patient Outcomes Over 14 Years in a Mature, Inclusive Canadian Trauma System
Authors: Moore Lynne , Turgeon Alexis F. , Lauzier François , Émond Marcel , Berthelot Simon , Clément Julien , Bourgeois Gilles , Lapointe Jean 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe introduction of trauma systems in many countries worldwide has been shown to improve injury survival. However, few data are available on the long‐term evolution of outcomes other than mortality. The objective of this study was to describe trends in mortality, unplanned readmission, complications, and length of stay in a mature inclusive trauma system from 1999 to 2012.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was based on the inclusive trauma system of Quebec, Canada. Data were drawn from the trauma registry linked to the hospital discharge database. Time trends were evaluated using generalized linear mixed models with a correction for hospital clusters and cohort effects.ResultsBetween 1999 and 2012, risk‐adjusted mortality decreased from 5.8 to 4.2 % for all patients and from 14.9 to 13.1 % for major trauma (p < 0.0001). Mean LOS decreased from 9.5 days to 8.0 days for all patients and from 15.5 days to 11.5 days for major trauma (p < 0.0001). Unplanned readmission and complication rates remained stable over the observation period at around 6.6 and 11.6 % for all patients and 7.6 and 25.6 % for major trauma, respectively.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that there have been significant decreases in patient mortality and hospital length of stay in the inclusive trauma system of Québec over the last decade. Results also suggest that efforts should be made to reduce in‐hospital complications and unplanned readmissions. Future research should attempt to identify determinants of observed decreases in mortality and LOS and assess whether similar improvements have occurred in functional outcomes.
Laparoscopic Partial Sleeve Gastrectomy with Fundoplication for Gastroesophageal Reflux and Delayed Gastric Emptying
Authors: Le Page Philip A. , Martin David 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundA difficult management problem for the upper gastrointestinal surgeon exists when a patient presents with symptomatic and refractory severe delayed gastric emptying. Surgical treatment is further complicated by coexisting gastro‐oesophageal reflux. No universal surgical strategy exists for this problem.MethodsA novel surgical strategy combines partial sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and hiatus hernia (HH) repair with fundoplication. A review of treating four such patients is described with objective outcome data.ResultsOverall, solid gastric emptying improved in all, from median 350 (163–488) min pre‐operatively to 108 (84–135) at 10 months (3–24) post‐operatively, corresponding to 67 % improvement. Primary symptoms resolved in all; however, one patient had recurrent symptoms. GERD‐HRQL also improved in all, from median 23 (3–25) to 4 (0–8) at 21 months (6–30, 83 % improvement). Gas bloat improved in three. All had post‐operative gastroscopies showing intact repair and absent oesophagitis, with no patient requiring post‐operative PPI. Patient weight reduced by median 11 % (7–20) post‐operatively. There was no significant peri‐operative morbidity.ConclusionsWith careful patient selection and work‐up, SG and HH repair with fundoplication may improve quality of life by coupling adequate reflux control with improved gastric emptying.