bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting the Manifestations of Subclinical and Overt Hypothyroidism Within the Hippocampus
Authors: Rovet Joanne F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The past decade has witnessed a surge of articles describing the neurocognitive sequelae and associated structural and functional brain abnormalities of patients with overt hypothyroidism (OH) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Findings show effects primarily within the frontal lobes with usually worse outcomes for OH than SCH. Several recent studies have also indicated hypothyroid patients may have smaller hippocampi, a key structure for memory.

Context
The JCEM paper by Zhang and colleagues applies 2 novel approaches for analyzing hippocampal structure and function. One uses an automated processing tool that segments the hippocampus into distinct subregions, and the other performs connectivity analysis to assess the relationships between specific hippocampal subregions and cortical areas. Relatively large samples of OH and SCH patients and healthy controls received a test of global cognitive functioning and underwent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results showed hypothyroid groups scored significantly below controls on the memory scale and also had smaller hippocampal volumes in selective subregions. Effects were stronger for SCH than OH groups, who also showed different patterns of interconnectivity between hippocampal subregions and specific frontal lobe areas.

Interpretation
To make sense of these findings, I explored the rodent and human literatures on thyroid hormone's role in hippocampal functioning and on hippocampal subfields and their purported functions and interconnections. Because current results suggest SCH may represent a distinct clinical entity with unique brain manifestations, I hypothesized 2 explanations for these findings, one involving transporter defects in the brain barriers and the other, differential neurodegeneration of the blood-brain barrier vascular unit.
Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Promotes Basal Insulin Secretion While Decreasing Glucagon Secretion in Mouse and Human Islets
Authors: Banerjee Risha , Zhu Ying , Brownrigg George P , Moravcova Renata , Rogalski Jason C , Foster Leonard J , Johnson James D , Kolic Jelena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Dietary carbohydrates raise blood glucose levels, and limiting carbohydrate intake improves glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Low carbohydrate intake (&lt; 25 g) allows the body to utilize fat as its primary fuel. As a consequence of increased fatty acid oxidation, the liver produces ketones to serve as an alternative energy source. β-Hydroxybutyrate (βHB) is the most abundant ketone. While βHB has a wide range of functions outside of the pancreas, its direct effects on islet cell function remain understudied. We examined human islet secretory response to acute racemic βHB treatment and observed increased insulin secretion at a low glucose concentration of 3 mM. Because βHB is a chiral molecule, existing as both R and S forms, we further studied insulin and glucagon secretion following acute treatment with individual βHB enantiomers in human and C57BL/6J mouse islets. We found that acute treatment with R-βHB increased insulin secretion and decreased glucagon secretion at physiological glucose concentrations in both human and mouse islets. Proteomic analysis of human islets treated with R-βHB over 72 hours showed altered abundance of proteins that may promote islet cell health and survival. Collectively, our data show that physiological concentrations of βHB influence hormone secretion and signaling within pancreatic islets.
Blunted brachial blood flow velocity response to acute mental stress in PTSD females
Authors: Tahmin Chowdhury Ibtida , Tahsin Chowdhury Tasnova , Wattero Redeat , Ahmed Zynab , Corbin Chasity , Carter Jason R. , Park Jeanie , Racette Susan B. , Sullivan Samaah S. , Herr Michael D. , Fonkoue Ida T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Compared with males, females are twice as likely to develop PTSD after trauma exposure, and cardiovascular reactivity to stress is a known risk factor for CVD. We aimed to examine hemodynamic responses to acute mental stress in trauma‐exposed females with and without a clinical diagnosis of PTSD. We hypothesized that females with PTSD would have higher heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and lower blood flow velocity (BFV) responsiveness compared with controls. We enrolled 21 females with PTSD and 21 trauma‐exposed controls. We continuously measured HR using a three‐lead electrocardiogram, BP using finger plethysmography, and brachial BFV using Doppler ultrasound. All variables were recorded during 10 min of supine rest, 5 min of mental arithmetic, and 5 min of recovery. Females with PTSD were older, and had higher BMI and higher resting diastolic BP. Accordingly, age, BMI, and diastolic BP were covariates for all repeated measures analyses. Females with PTSD had a blunted brachial BFV response to mental stress (time × group, p = 0.005) compared with controls, suggesting greater vasoconstriction. HR and BP responses were comparable. In conclusion, our results suggest early impairment of vascular function in premenopausal females with PTSD.
Generative AI for professional communication training in intercultural contexts: where are we now and where are we heading?
Authors: Dai David Wei , Suzuki Shungo , Chen Guanliang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
It is a common feature of the 21st century workplace to be multicultural. Working professionals need to possess strong Interactional Competence to handle professional communication in various intercultural encounters in their workplace. This has however posed challenges to professional communication education since educators need to incorporate different cultural practices and interlocutor profiles in their teaching and assessment materials. In this paper we reflect on the practical challenges of professional communication education in intercultural contexts and envisage what AI can offer in this place. We start with some practical, on-the-ground dilemmas in integrating diverse cultural representation in professional communication education. We then use an operational AI-mediated assessment tool to elaborate the possibilities, affordances and caveats in using AI to develop teaching and assessment materials for professional communication education. We conclude with directions for future research and practice in the emerging space of AI for professional communication in intercultural contexts (AI-for-PCIC).
Technologies for high-temperature batch annealing of grain-oriented electrical steel: An overview
Authors: Fatla Oula M. H. , Robinson Fiona C. J. , Jweeg Muhsin Jaber , Beynon Nathan , Valera-Medina Agustin , Aljibori H. S. S. , Mohammed M. N. , Abdullah Oday I. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The production of grain-oriented, electrical steel consists of a series of processes that lead to a product with superior magnetic properties used in transformers due to the low core loss. The unique properties are gained during the process of secondary recrystallization and abnormal grain growth. The abnormal grain growth occurs during a process of special thermal treatment with careful control over the heating rate, pressure, and type of gas used as atmospheric pressure during the process. The process of thermal treatment is known as high-temperature annealing. Investigating of developing the process hardware is crucially important to sustain energy-efficient processes and to maintain excellent final product properties. This research presents an overview of the technology of high-temperature coil annealing (HTCA) furnaces used at Cogent Power Orb, UK. The research focuses on some specific details of running, managing, and controlling the operation of the HTCA furnaces during the annealing process. The research provides energy analysis of the annealing process at Cogent Power Orb. Different factors were examined to identify the main factors that contribute to the high energy consumption. Actual data were collected from the annealing furnace control system. The raw data were processed and analyzed carefully to examine different factors, namely, steel charge weight, furnace on-time, and furnace heating elements. The study focused then on one specific factor, namely, annealing cycle time, and investigated further the way that this factor affects the process energy consumption. It was found that one of the main reasons for the long cycle duration and the high energy consumption is the failure of the heating elements during the cycle. The research discussed the area of improvements in the process hardware with a particular focus on the furnace design and the potential of introducing convection currents to overcome failure in the heating elements and thus reduce the process on time.
A poetics of “Wind in a Box”
Authors: Robinson John 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This essay is a re-application of the language codes of Roland Barthes and Jonathan Culler’s concept for Structuralist Poetics. The approach I use explores the codes demonstrated in Barthes’ well-known text, S/Z with slight modifications for their application to poetry. The concepts borrowed from Mr. Culler are from his book of the same title: Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics and the Study of Literature (Cornell University Press, 1975). Culler’s main argument is that there must be other, un-attempted strategies combined with conventional approaches in literature of that time period. His answer to this problem was to develop a set of linguistic-based concepts to compensate for the reader in the analysis of literary works. I have applied in this essay my approach based on Culler’s methodology and the language codes of Roland Barthes: semantic, symbolic, cultural-referential, actional and hermeneutic. I apply Culler’s concepts to a reading of poetry followed by an application of the language codes as a further development of my work in revitalizing this never-before applied method.
Do all patients that undergo a ‘complete’ secondary cytoreductive surgery for platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer, benefit from it?
Authors: Bhatt Aditi , Mehta Sanket , Glehen Olivier 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Following the results of three randomized trials (GOG-213, DESKTOP-III, and SOC-1), secondary cytoreductive surgery (sCRS) is recommended as a therapeutic option for all patients with platinum-sensitive recurrence by the NCCN guidelines and for oligometastatic recurrence by the ESMO-ESGO guidelines. Criteria for predicting a complete gross resection (CGR) were used to select patients for sCRS in all three trials. No trial used surgical prognostic factors like disease sites or disease extent for stratification. The outcomes of sCRS varied in preplanned/post-hoc subgroup analyses. The survival following an incomplete CRS was worse than with systemic chemotherapy alone. Not all patients will benefit similarly from sCRS, even if a CGR is obtained. No trial evaluated the benefit of sCRS in patients receiving poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. While GOG-213 showed no benefit of sCRS when bevacizumab was used, the role of bevacizumab in patients having a CGR was not evaluated. The use of targeted therapies during first-line therapy is increasing, affecting treatment decisions and future clinical trial designs. New trials on sCRS should stratify patients according to surgical prognostic factors; sub-group analyses should be performed only in patients with CGR.
The Disavowal of Decisionism: Politically Motivated Exits from the U.S. Courts of Appeals
Authors: Chen Daniel L. , Reinhart Eric 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The impartiality and apolitical nature of the American judiciary are key to its legitimacy and the liberal constitutional legal system it supports. Though less than 1 % of U.S. Federal judges admit to political motivations for retirement or resignation, our research suggests these influences are more widespread. Examining data from 1802 to 2019, we found 11 % of retirements and 23 % of resignations from the U.S. Courts of Appeals may be linked to political cycles. Judges are less likely to retire before a Presidential election when the President is from a different party than their appointing party, and more likely to resign after the election if the President is from their appointing party. These politically motivated exits have grown, accounting for 14 % of retirements since 1975, which points to a more politically charged and polarized judiciary. Previous studies relying on self-reports or annual analyses have missed these political dynamics in judges’ departure timing. Our quarter-to-election level analysis reveals that significant decisions by Federal judges may often be influenced by unconscious bias or conscious partisan loyalty, both of which challenge the idea of judicial neutrality and the common law precedents judges must uphold. Our findings support growing concerns about undemocratic political power being exercised through the courts, giving rise to juristocracy – the practice of engaging in politics under the guise of legal proceedings.
Enhancing Target Accuracy: Insights into the Cash Social Assistance Program
Authors: Anward Aliy Arivin , Adi Isbandi Rukminto 
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this article is to describe the target accuracy concept in the Cash Social Assistance Program in the South Banjarmasin District. This article was arranged using a literature review method based on previous research. The literature review stage begins with identifying, evaluating, and interpreting all literature related to the research topic. Identification was carried out by searching online databases and the Internet, including Google Scholar and the UI Library, on research published between 2014 and 2023 using the keywords Target Accuracy and Cash Social Assistance Program. The evaluation was done by sorting the published search results in English or Indonesian so that 38 (thirty-eight) studies regarding targeting accuracy were completed. Based on a literature review of 38 (thirty-eight) previous research results, there are two conclusions based on literature review. In policy implementation, it is necessary to consider the factors that influence it. These namely factors influence the Implementation of the Cash Social Assistance Program, such as the apparatus quality, competence of the apparatus, availability of infrastructure, supervision of distribution, the use of old data, communication, resources, disposition, bureaucratic structure, facilities & Infrastructure, lack of awareness of bureaucrats in carrying out their duties, internet access, community identity that is not updated, form and content of policies, implementing organizations and policy environment, and the existence of gender issues. Meanwhile, in the context of policy evaluation, the performance, impact, and effectiveness of the Cash Social Assistance program need to be considered.
CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION: INTRACORONARY IMAGING, CONTEMPORARY TECHNOLOGIES OF TREATMENT
Authors: Tsydenova Aryuna Yu. , Baranov Aleksey A. , Naydenov Roman A. , Ibragimov Ruslan U. , Grankin Denis S. , Krestyaninov Oleg V. 
Published: July 2024

HighlightsThis review presents current state-of-the-art of diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery calcification. AbstractCoronary artery calcification occurs in about one third of all coronary artery lesions in patients with coronary artery diseases and is a problem in interventional cardiology due to technical difficulties. Percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary artery calcification is associated with a high risk of perioperative complications, adverse cardiovascular events in early and long-term follow-up compared with the results of treatment of patients without arterial calcification. One of the most important predictors of a favorable outcome after implantation of a drug-eluting stent is the optimal cross-sectional area of coronary stent. Intravascular imaging plays an important role in lesion assessment, selection of instruments and optimization of stent implantation, contemporary technologies modification of severe coronary artery calcification, as well as their combination, will probably lead to better procedural success and long-term results.
STEREOTACTIC RADIOABLATION AS A NON-INVASIVE APPROACH IN THE TREATMENT OF PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Strebkova Elizaveta D. , Artyukhina Elena A. , Revishvili Amiran S. 
Published: July 2024

HighlightsThe feasibility and safety of stereotactic radioablation of arrhythmias have been actively investigated over the last few years. Stereotactic radioablation is an innovative approach for the noninvasive treatment of sustained arrhythmias in high-risk patients. A comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of this STAR in relation to AF will allow us to assess the future prospects for the development of this area. AbstractAtrial fibrillation is the most common tachyarrhythmia. The prevalence of this arrhythmia continues to increase steadily due to the rapid demographic ageing of the population. In addition, patients with concomitant cancer are often affected by AF.Despite the relatively benign course of AF, this arrhythmia is a risk factor for the development of a number of life-threatening and disabling complications, which significantly reduces the quality of life and increases the costs to the health care system.For a long time, non-invasive methods of AF treatment were represented exclusively by antiarrhythmic therapy. It is important to note that in elderly and oncological patients, even paroxysmal AF is difficult to treat with medication, and catheter ablation and surgery are associated with high risks of procedural and early postoperative complications.All this served to search for noninvasive methods of ablation of arrhythmogenic substrates of AF. For the first time, stereotactic radioablation was used in clinical practice to eliminate sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Having accumulated sufficient experience, the scientists decided to consider the application of this non-invasive therapy in patients with AF. Currently, there are sporadic papers and clinical case series highlighting the efficacy and safety of stereotactic radioablation in the treatment of AF.The main aim of the presented literature review was to highlight recent data on the capabilities and limitations of non-invasive radiotoxic stereoablation in patients with AF.
PREDICTORS OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN PATIENTS WITH SINUS RHYTHM AFTER MITRAL VALVE SURGERY
Authors: Komarov Roman N. , Matsuganov Denis A. , Bystrov Dmitry O. 
Published: July 2024

HighlightsAF recurrence is a common complication of AF surgical treatment. This complication is influenced by a large number of factors. In this article, we propose a model that allows specialists to predict this complication in patients at high risk. AbstractAim. To identify predictors associated with a high risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with sinus rhythm following mitral valve surgery.Methods. The surgical treatment outcomes of 36 patients with mitral valve disease and sinus rhythm who underwent mitral valve surgery from 2013 to 2018 were analyzed.Results. We have developed a prognostic model describing the risk of atrial fibrillation depending on the impact of risk factors. The presence atrial flutter before surgery increases the risk of developing AF by 9.06 times, an increase in left ventricle end-systolic size by 1 centimeter increases the risk by 20.12 times, an increase in the right atrium size by 1 centimeter increases the risk by 14.99 times, and the need for temporary cardiac pacing in the early postoperative period increases the risk by 14.47 times.Conclusion. The proposed prognostic model can be used to select patients at high risk of developing AF after mitral valve surgery with sinus rhythm for prophylactic ablation.
TIMELINE OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IN THE FIELD OF CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY FOCUSING IN THE GENDER AND SEX PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Lilothia Sophia H. 
Published: July 2024

HighlightsCoronary artery bypass grafting outcomes in women remain worse compar to men.The review covers key studies addressing the results of coronary revascularization in women. AbstractOver the past 60 years, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has evolved into a well-refined, safe, and effective procedure that has demonstrated a steady decline in postoperative complications. However, historically, women have experienced worse postoperative outcomes compared to men. Female sex is an independent factor for intraoperative, short-term, and long-term mortality following CABG. This article presents an overview of studies comparing the outcomes of CABG between men and women, touches on the reasons for unfavorable outcomes in women, as well as the future scientific perspectives of this problem.
HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF MITRAL VALVE PROSTHETICS WITH AUTOPERICARDIUM
Authors: Iaitskaia Darya A. , Komarov Roman N. , Tkachev Maxim I. , Chernyavskij Stanislav V. , Drakina Olga V. , Vasalatii Ilya M. , Tsaregorodtsev Anton V. , Panchenko Maxim O. 
Published: July 2024

Highlights This article describes not only the contribution of surgeons from different countries and the evolution of the method, but also the contribution of domestic specialists. The article makes us wonder whether mitral valve reconstruction with autopericardium is really a promising technique. Further study of the long-term results and improvement of the technique are necessary. AbstractMitral valve replacement with autologous pericardium is a new perspective method of treatment, which can be used for a wide range of mitral valve diseases when its reconstruction is not possible. Thanks to this method, there is no need for lifelong administration of anticoagulants, and optimal coaptation of the leaflets is provided. This review describes historical aspects of mitral valve replacement with autopericardium, mentions the first interventions, reflects the evolution of autopericardium mitral valve replacement technique.