bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migraine and body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Ornello Raffaele , Ripa Patrizia , Pistoia Francesca , Degan Diana , Tiseo Cindy , Carolei Antonio , Sacco Simona 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
Several studies have assessed the associations between migraine and underweight, pre-obesity or obesity, with conflicting results. To assess the consistency of the data on the topic, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available observational studies.

Methods
Multiple electronic databases were systematically searched up to October 2014 for studies assessing the association between migraine and body mass index categories (underweight, pre-obesity, or obesity).

Results
Out of 2,022 records, we included 15 studies. When considering the 11 studies following the World Health Organization BMI cutoffs, we found an increased risk of having migraine in underweight subjects (pooled adjusted effect estimate [PAEE] 1.21; 95% CI, 1.07-1.37; P = 0.002) and in obese women (PAEE 1.44; 95% CI, 1.05-1.97; P = 0.023) as compared with normal weight subjects; additionally, pre-obese subjects had an increased risk of having chronic migraine (PAEE 1.39; 95% CI, 1.13-1.71; P = 0.002). When considering all the 15 studies, we additionally found an increased risk of having migraine in obese as compared with normal weight subjects (PAEE 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.27; P = 0.017); additionally, obese subjects had an increased risk of having chronic migraine (PAEE 1.75; 95% CI, 1.33-2.29; P < 0.001). The pooled analysis did not indicate an increased risk of having migraine in pre-obese subjects.

Conclusions
The meta-analysis of the available observational studies suggested an association between migraine and obesity likely mediated by gender and migraine frequency. Further studies taking into account gender, migraine type, frequency, activity, and duration could provide more robust evidence.
Templated fabrication of hollow nanospheres with ‘windows’ of accurate size and tunable number
Authors: Xie Duan , Hou Yidong , Su Yarong , Gao Fuhua , Du Jinglei 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The ‘windows’ or ‘doors’ on the surface of a closed hollow structure can enable the exchange of material and information between the interior and exterior of one hollow sphere or between two hollow spheres, and this information or material exchange can also be controlled through altering the window’ size. Thus, it is very interesting and important to achieve the fabrication and adjustment of the ‘windows’ or ‘doors’ on the surface of a closed hollow structure. In this paper, we propose a new method based on the temple-assisted deposition method to achieve the fabrication of hollow spheres with windows of accurate size and number. Through precisely controlling of deposition parameters (i.e., deposition angle and number), hollow spheres with windows of total size from 0% to 50% and number from 1 to 6 have been successfully achieved. A geometrical model has been developed for the morphology simulation and size calculation of the windows, and the simulation results meet well with the experiment. This model will greatly improve the convenience and efficiency of this temple-assisted deposition method. In addition, these hollow spheres with desired windows also can be dispersed into liquid or arranged regularly on any desired substrate. These advantages will maximize their applications in many fields, such as drug transport and nano-research container.
Protective socks for people with diabetes: a systematic review and narrative analysis
Authors: Otter Simon J , Rome Keith , Ihaka Belinda , South Andrew , Smith Mandy , Gupta Amit , Joseph Frances , Heslop Peter 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPadded socks to protect the at‐risk diabetic foot have been available for a number of years. However, the evidence base to support their use is not well known. We aimed to undertake a systematic review of padded socks for people with diabetes. Additionally, a narrative analysis of knitted stitch structures, yarn and fibres used together with the proposed benefits fibre properties may add to the sock. Assessment of the methodological quality was undertaken using a quality tool to assess non‐randomised trials. From the 81 articles identified only seven met the inclusion criteria. The evidence to support to use of padded socks is limited. There is a suggestion these simple‐to‐use interventions could be of value, particularly in terms of plantar pressure reduction. However, the range of methods used and limited methodological quality limits direct comparison between studies. The socks were generally of a sophisticated design with complex use of knit patterns and yarn content. This systematic review provides limited support for the use of padded socks in the diabetic population to protect vulnerable feet. More high quality studies are needed; including qualitative components of sock wear and sock design, prospective randomized controlled trials and analysis of the cost‐effectiveness of protective socks as a non‐surgical intervention.
FAK activity protects nucleostemin in facilitating breast cancer spheroid and tumor growth
Authors: Tancioni Isabelle , Miller Nichol LG , Uryu Sean , Lawson Christine , Jean Christine , Chen Xiao Lei , Kleinschmidt Elizabeth G , Schlaepfer David D 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) controls cell growth and survival downstream of integrin-matrix receptors. Upon adhesion loss or FAK inhibition, FAK can translocate to the nucleus. The nucleolus is a non-membrane nuclear structure that regulates ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation. Nucleostemin (NS), a nucleolar-localized protein, modulates cell cycle progression, stemness, and three-dimensional tumor spheroid formation. The signaling pathways that regulate NS levels in tumors remain undefined.

Methods
Human breast carcinoma cells were evaluated for growth in culture (adherent and anchorage-independent spheroid) and as orthotopic tumors. FAK signaling was evaluated by pharmacological FAK inhibitor addition (PF-271, IC50 ~ 0.1 μM) and by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown followed by re-expression of FAK wildtype (WT) or a kinase-dead (KD, K454R) FAK point mutant. Immunoblotting was used to evaluate FAK, NS, nucleolar phosphoprotein B23, and nucleolin levels. Total and phosphospecific antibody imunoblotting were used to detect changes in FAK, Akt kinase (Akt also known as protein kinase B), and 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) phosphorylation, a translation repressor protein and target of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex. Immunohistochemical, co-immunoprecipitation, and cellular fractionation analyses were used to evaluate FAK association with nucleoli.

Results
Pharmacological (0.1 μM PF-271) or genetic inhibition of FAK activity prevents MDA-MB-231 and 4T1L breast carcinoma growth as spheroids and as orthotopic tumors. FAK inhibition triggers proteasome-mediated decreased NS levels but no changes in other nucleolar proteins such as B23 (nucleophosmin) or nucleolin. Active FAK was associated with purified nucleoli of anchorage-independent cells and present within nucleoli of human invasive ductal carcinoma tumor samples. FAK co-immunoprecipitated with B23 that binds NS and a complex between FAK, NS, Akt, and mTOR was detected. Constitutively-active Akt kinase promoted tumor spheroid growth, stabilized NS levels, and promoted pS65 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in the presence of inhibited FAK. Rapamycin lowered NS levels and inhibited pS65 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in cells with activated Akt-mTOR signaling.

Conclusions
FAK signaling occurs in the nucleolus, active FAK protects NS, and Akt-mTOR pathway regulates NS protein stability needed for breast carcinoma spheroid and tumor growth.
Hypermutation takes the driver’s seat
Authors: Schlesner Matthias , Eils Roland 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMost pediatric tumors have only very few somatic mutations. However, a recent study revealed that a subset of tumors from children with congenital biallelic deficiency of DNA mismatch repair exhibits a mutational load surpassing almost all other cancers. In these ultra-hypermutated tumors, somatic mutations in the proofreading DNA polymerases complement the congenital mismatch repair deficiency to completely abolish replication repair, thereby driving tumor development. These findings open several possibilities for exploiting ultra-hypermutation for cancer therapy.
Point-of-care ultrasound of the diaphragm in a liver transplant patient with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Barbariol Federico , Vetrugno Luigi , Pompei Livia , De Flaviis Adelisa , Rocca Giorgio Della 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In some intensive care, nowadays, ultrasound diagnostics have become an extension of the physical examination (like a stethoscope). In this report, we discuss the case of an acute respiratory failure which arose immediately after the end of general anesthesia. An initial bedside ultrasound evaluation applying the ‘BLUE protocol’ showed no pathological changes capable of explaining the clinical picture; however, by evaluating also the right and left hemidiaphragms, we made a diagnosis of diaphragmatic dysfunction, which would probably have been difficult to diagnose without the aid of the diaphragm ultrasound. We therefore decided to avoid intubation, transfer the patient to the intensive care unit, and treat him conservatively with non-invasive ventilation only. To our knowledge, this is the first case report that has shown the usefulness of ultrasonography in detecting diaphragmatic dysfunction as a cause of acute respiratory failure with a subsequent change in patient management. The use of bedside ultrasonography provides practical functional information on the diaphragmatic function in patients with acute respiratory failure and can also be easily repeated if follow-up is required. This feature is still held in little consideration, but it can affect the diagnosis and the treatment of critically ill patients.
End caps prevent nail migration in elastic stable intramedullary nailing in paediatric femoral fractures
Authors: Windolf M. , Fischer M. F. , Popp A. W. , Matthys R. , Schwieger K. , Gueorguiev B. , Hunter J. B. , Slongo T. F. 
Published: March 2015

End caps are intended to prevent nail migration (push-out) in elastic stable intramedullary nailing. The aim of this study was to investigate the force at failure with and without end caps, and whether different insertion angles of nails and end caps would alter that force at failure. Simulated oblique fractures of the diaphysis were created in 15 artificial paediatric femurs. Titanium Elastic Nails with end caps were inserted at angles of 45°, 55° and 65° in five specimens for each angle to create three study groups. Biomechanical testing was performed with axial compression until failure. An identical fracture was created in four small adult cadaveric femurs harvested from two donors (both female, aged 81 and 85 years, height 149 cm and 156 cm, respectively). All femurs were tested without and subsequently with end caps inserted at 45°. In the artificial femurs, maximum force was not significantly different between the three groups (p = 0.613). Push-out force was significantly higher in the cadaveric specimens with the use of end caps by an up to sixfold load increase (830 N, standard deviation (SD) 280 vs 150 N, SD 120, respectively; p = 0.007). These results indicate that the nail and end cap insertion angle can be varied within 20° without altering construct stability and that the risk of elastic stable intramedullary nailing push–out can be effectively reduced by the use of end caps. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:558–63.
Cost effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty in osteoarthritis
Authors: Pulikottil-Jacob R. , Connock M. , Kandala N-B , Mistry H. , Grove A. , Freeman K. , Costa M. , Sutcliffe P. , Clarke A. 
Published: March 2015

Many different designs of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with varying performance and cost are available. The identification of those which are the most cost-effective could allow significant cost-savings. We used an established Markov model to examine the cost effectiveness of five frequently used categories of THA which differed according to bearing surface and mode of fixation, using data from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales. Kaplan–Meier analyses of rates of revision for men and women were modelled with parametric distributions. Costs of devices were provided by the NHS Supply Chain and associated costs were taken from existing studies. Lifetime costs, lifetime quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs) and the probability of a device being cost effective at a willingness to pay £20 000/QALY were included in the models.The differences in QALYs between different categories of implant were extremely small (< 0.0039 QALYs for men or women over the patient’s lifetime) and differences in cost were also marginal (£2500 to £3000 in the same time period). As a result, the probability of any particular device being the most cost effective was very sensitive to small, plausible changes in quality of life estimates and cost.Our results suggest that available evidence does not support recommending a particular device on cost effectiveness grounds alone. We would recommend that the choice of prosthesis should be determined by the rate of revision, local costs and the preferences of the surgeon and patient.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:449–57.
Secondary neurological deterioration in traumatic spinal injury
Authors: Todd N. V. , Skinner D. , Wilson-MacDonald J. 
Published: March 2015

We assessed the frequency and causes of neurological deterioration in 59 patients with spinal cord injury on whom reports were prepared for clinical negligence litigation. In those who deteriorated neurologically we assessed the causes of the change in neurology and whether that neurological deterioration was potentially preventable. In all 27 patients (46%) changed neurologically, 20 patients (74% of those who deteriorated) had no primary neurological deficit. Of those who deteriorated, 13 (48%) became Frankel A. Neurological deterioration occurred in 23 of 38 patients (61%) with unstable fractures and/or dislocations; all 23 patients probably deteriorated either because of failures to immobilise the spine or because of inappropriate removal of spinal immobilisation. Of the 27 patients who altered neurologically, neurological deterioration was, probably, avoidable in 25 (excess movement in 23 patients with unstable injuries, failure to evacuate an epidural haematoma in one patient and over-distraction following manipulation of the cervical spine in one patient). If existing guidelines and standards for the management of actual or potential spinal cord injury had been followed, neurological deterioration would have been prevented in 25 of the 27 patients (93%) who experienced a deterioration in their neurological status. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:527–31.
Coxa profunda in the diagnosis of pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement and its prevalence in asymptomatic subjects
Authors: Diesel C. V. , Ribeiro T. A. , Coussirat C. , Scheidt R. B. , Macedo C. A. S. , Galia C. R. 
Published: March 2015

In many papers, the diagnosis of pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is attributed to the presence of coxa profunda. However, little is known about the prevalence of coxa profunda in the general population and its clinical relevance.In order to ascertain its prevalence in asymptomatic subjects and whether it is a reliable indicator of pincer-type FAI, we undertook a cross-sectional study between July and December 2013. A total of 226 subjects (452 hips) were initially screened. According to strict inclusion criteria, 129 asymptomatic patients (257 hips) were included in the study. The coxa profunda sign, the crossover sign, the acetabular index (AI) and lateral centre–edge (LCE) angle were measured on the radiographs. The median age of the patients was 36.5 years (28 to 50) and 138 (53.7%) were women.Coxa profunda was present in 199 hips (77.4%). There was a significantly increased prevalence of coxa profunda in women (p < 0.05) and a significant association between coxa profunda and female gender (p < 0.001) (92% vs 60.5%). The crossover sign was seen in 36 hips (14%), an LCE > 40° in 28 hips (10.9%) and an AI < 0º in 79 hips (30.7%). A total of 221 normal hips (79.2%) (normal considering the crossover) had coxa profunda, a total of 229 normal hips (75.5%) (normal considering the LCE) had coxa profunda and a total of 178 normal hips (75.3%) (normal considering AI) had coxa profunda.When the presence of all radiological signs in the same subject was considered, pincer-type FAI was found in only two hips (one subject). We therefore consider that the coxa profunda sign should not be used as a radiological indicator of pincer-type FAI. We consider profunda to be a benign alteration in the morphology of the hip with low prevalence and a lack of association with other radiological markers of FAI. We suggest that the diagnosis of pincer-type FAI should be based on objective measures, in association with clinical findings.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:478–83.
Contribution of inflammation to cellular injury in compartment syndrome in an experimental rodent model
Authors: Lawendy A-R. , Bihari A. , Sanders D. W. , McGarr G. , Badhwar A. , Cepinskas G. 
Published: March 2015

Compartment syndrome, a devastating consequence of limb trauma, is characterised by severe tissue injury and microvascular perfusion deficits. We hypothesised that leucopenia might provide significant protection against microvascular dysfunction and preserve tissue viability. Using our clinically relevant rat model of compartment syndrome, microvascular perfusion and tissue injury were directly visualised by intravital video microscopy in leucopenic animals. We found that while the tissue perfusion was similar in both groups (38.8% (standard error of the mean (sem) 7.1), 36.4% (sem 5.7), 32.0% (sem 1.7), and 30.5% (sem 5.35) continuously-perfused capillaries at 45, 90, 120 and 180 minutes compartment syndrome, respectively versus 39.2% (sem 8.6), 43.5% (sem 8.5), 36.6% (sem 1.4) and 50.8% (sem 4.8) at 45, 90, 120 and 180 minutes compartment syndrome, respectively in leucopenia), compartment syndrome-associated muscle injury was significantly decreased in leucopenic animals (7.0% (sem 2.0), 7.0%, (sem 1.0), 9.0% (sem 1.0) and 5.0% (sem 2.0) at 45, 90, 120 and 180 minutes of compartment syndrome, respectively in leucopenia group versus 18.0% (sem 4.0), 23.0% (sem 4.0), 32.0% (sem 7.0), and 20.0% (sem 5.0) at 45, 90, 120 and 180 minutes of compartment syndrome in control, p = 0.0005). This study demonstrates that the inflammatory process should be considered central to the understanding of the pathogenesis of cellular injury in compartment syndrome. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:539–43
The influence of the strength of bone on the deformation of acetabular shells
Authors: Bone M. C. , Dold P. , Flohr M. , Preuss R. , Joyce T. J. , Aspden R. M. , Holland J. , Deehan D. 
Published: March 2015

Concerns have been raised that deformation of acetabular shells may disrupt the assembly process of modular prostheses. In this study we aimed to examine the effect that the strength of bone has on the amount of deformation of the acetabular shell. The hypothesis was that stronger bone would result in greater deformation. A total of 17 acetabular shells were inserted into the acetabula of eight cadavers, and deformation was measured using an optical measuring system. Cores of bone from the femoral head were taken from each cadaver and compressed using a materials testing machine. The highest peak modulus and yield stress for each cadaver were used to represent the strength of the bone and compared with the values for the deformation and the surgeon’s subjective assessment of the hardness of the bone. The mean deformation of the shell was 129 µm (3 to 340). No correlation was found between deformation and either the maximum peak modulus (r² = 0.011, t = 0.426, p = 0.676) or the yield stress (r² = 0.024, t = 0.614, p = 0.549) of the bone. Although no correlation was found between the strength of the bone and deformation, the values for the deformation observed could be sufficient to disrupt the assembly process of modular acetabular components. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:473–7.
LDOC1 expression in fibroblasts of patients with Down syndrome
Authors: Salemi Michele , Barone Concetta , Romano Carmelo , Caniglia Salvatore , Ragalmuto Alda , Scillato Francesco , Salluzzo Maria Grazia , Scavuzzo Cataldo , Vinci Mirella , Salluzzo Roberto , Romano Corrado , Bosco Paolo 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterised by
intellectual disability and is caused by trisomy 21. Apoptosis
is a programmed cell death process and is involved in
neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer. People
with DS can develop some traits of Alzheimer disease at an
earlier age than subjects without trisomy 21. The leucine
zipper, down regulated in cancer 1 (LDOC1) appears to be
involved in the apoptotic pathways. The aim of the present
work was to detect the presence of intracellular synthesis
of LDOC1 protein and LDOC1 mRNA in fibroblast cultures
from DS subjects. The western blot shows the presence of
LDOC1 protein in fibroblasts of DS subjects but no evidence
of LDOC1 protein in fibroblasts of normal subjects. LDOC1
gene mRNA expression is increased in fibroblasts from DS
subjects compared to fibroblasts from normal subjects. The
data obtained from this study strengthen the hypothesis
that the over-expression of LDOC1 gene could play a role in
determining the phenotype of individuals with DS but does
not exclude that this results from apoptotic mechanisms.
Specific remnants of old iron-ore extraction sites
as islands of plant species richness
Authors: Podgórska Monika 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In the Old-Polish Industrial Region (Southern
Poland, Central Europe), specific remnants of former
iron-ore extraction occur. These interesting post-mining
habitats influence the plant cover which emerges on
them. In this paper, I analyzed the impact of the former
iron-ore mining on the increase of plant species richness
in forest communities. I analyzed the floristic composition
of 100 phytosociological relevés (plots) made in the
mining areas, their surroundings and 100 associated
soil samples. I found that within the island communities
developing in the former mining fields, there was a
considerable increase in the number of species of
native flora (in comparison with communities of nontransformed
areas). This increase in species richness is
caused chiefly by the increased proportion of species
characteristic of the syntaxa from the Querco-Fagetea
class – species exclusively attached to the mesophilous
forest communities developing in gob piles whose limits
are marked by the material extracted and scattered
around in ancient times. My research suggested that in
this case, mining activity exerted a positive influence on
the biodiversity in forested areas, improving the quality
of soils and creating mesophilous forest communities
growing on remnants of former iron-ore extraction,
which are specific islands among acidophilous forest
communities growing in the non-transformed areas.