bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Ironmaking at Higher H2 Pressure: Reduction Kinetics and Microstructure Formation During Hydrogen-Based Direct Reduction of Hematite Pellets
Authors: Özgün Özge , Dirba Imants , Gutfleisch Oliver , Ma Yan , Raabe Dierk 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrogen-based direct reduction (HyDR) of iron ores has attracted immense attention and is considered a forerunner technology for sustainable ironmaking. It has a high potential to mitigate CO2 emissions in the steel industry, which accounts today for ~ 8–10% of all global CO2 emissions. Direct reduction produces highly porous sponge iron via natural-gas-based or gasified-coal-based reducing agents that contain hydrogen and organic molecules. Commercial technologies usually operate at elevated pressure, e.g., the MIDREX process at 2 bar and the HyL/Energiron process at 6–8 bar. However, the impact of H2 pressure on reduction kinetics and microstructure evolution of hematite pellets during hydrogen-based direct reduction has not been well understood. Here, we present a study about the influence of H2 pressure on the reduction kinetics of hematite pellets with pure H2 at 700 °C at various pressures, i.e., 1, 10, and 100 bar under static gas exposure, and 1.3 and 50 bar under dynamic gas exposure. The microstructure of the reduced pellets was characterized by combining X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron backscatter diffraction. The results provide new insights into the critical role of H2 pressure in the hydrogen-based direct reduction process and establish a direction for future furnace design and process optimization.
Graphical Abstract
Durch Online-Veranstaltungen neue Zielgruppen erschließen? Befunde zur Angebotswahl erwachsener Lerner
Authors: Scheidig Falk 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Angebot an Online-Veranstaltungen in der Erwachsenenbildung erfuhr durch die Corona-Pandemie eine Zunahme. Mit Blick auf Online-Veranstaltungen werden sowohl Teilnahmebarrieren und Limitationen als auch Vorteile wie die Ortsungebundenheit diskutiert. Damit verbindet sich die Frage, ob Bildungsanbieter mit Online-Veranstaltungen neue Teilnehmende gewinnen können – und ob auch bereits mit Präsenzangeboten erreichte Personen online teilnehmen. Hieran anknüpfend wird im Beitrag eine Studie vorgestellt, in deren Rahmen Teilnehmende von Online-Veranstaltungen (N = 1907) zu ihrem Belegungsverhalten befragt wurden. Der Fokus lag dabei auf Volkshochschulen (VHS), dem größten Erwachsenenbildungsanbieter in Deutschland. Den Ergebnissen zufolge kann fast die Hälfte der Online-Teilnehmenden nicht dem VHS-„Stammpublikum“ zugerechnet werden. Bezüglich der Formatabhängigkeit der Teilnahmeentscheidung zeigt die Befragung ferner, dass fallweise auch erfahrene VHS-Teilnehmende eine Online-Veranstaltung gegenüber einem inhaltsgleichen Präsenzangebot bevorzugen.
Synthesis of Co-Cr(0) and Co-Cr-B catalysts from bean pods extract by the green synthesis method and their application in sodium borohydride hydrolysis
Authors: Baytar Orhan , Şahin Ömer , Canpolat Gurbet , Ekinci Arzu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effect of Co-Cr(0) and Co-Cr-B nanocatalysts on sodium borohydride hydrolysis was investigated. The extract obtained from the pods of the bean plant was produced using the environmentally friendly green synthesis method, along with the chemical reduction method as the production procedure for the catalysts. The analyses used to study the structure and surface morphology of catalysts are SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, and XPS. From the SEM and TEM pictures, the shape of the catalysts comprises of tiny spheres and has a porous nanostructure, and the particle size is 35–40 nm. The XRD investigation revealed that the catalysts had an amorphous structure. The catalysts’ structure has been confirmed to include the components Co, Cr, and B using EDX and XPS analyses. It was examined how different amounts of catalyst, different NaBH4/NaOH concentrations, and different solution temperatures affected the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride. The n-th order kinetic model was utilized to determine the activation energies of Co-Cr(0) and Co-Cr-B nanocatalysts, which were found to be 24.39 kJ/mol and 43.09 kJ/mol, respectively. Also, the turnover frequency (TOF) values of synthesized nanocatalysts Co-Cr(0) and Co-Cr-B at 60 °C were calculated as 19,210 mLmin− 1g− 1 and 12,410 mLmin− 1g− 1, respectively. The repeatability of catalysts in NaBH4 hydrolysis showed high activity even after the fifth use.
Graphical Abstract
The Response of the Earth Magnetosphere to Changes in the Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure: 1. Plasma and Magnetic Pressures
Authors: Eyelade A. V. , Stepanova M. , Espinoza C. M. , Antonova E. E. , Kirpichev I. P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the present study, the influence of the solar wind dynamic pressure on the plasma and magnetic pressures of the magnetosphere is studied. We use 11‐year Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) instruments for plasma and magnetic field measurements in the magnetosphere and the OMNI database for solar wind dynamic pressure and IMF data. We focus on the effects of the solar wind dynamic pressure (PSW) and consider only times in which the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) components are within ±5 nT. We find that the plasma pressure inside the magnetosphere follows the solar wind dynamic pressure and that an increase in PSW also influence the day‐night pressure asymmetry. Our analysis also reveals the existence of ion and electron drifts from midnight toward the dusk and dawn sectors, respectively. We observe a local magnetic pressure minimum located near a plasma pressure maximum at around 11 RE on the nightside. Comparing the effect of PSW on both plasma and magnetic pressures, we observe trends which are consistent with the diamagnetic properties of plasmas. In general, the distribution of plasma pressure within the Earth's magnetosphere is an important criterion for evaluating the magnetostatic equilibrium and electric current system. The outcome of this study should provide additional methodologies for the characterization of key plasma characteristics within the magnetosphere.
PLD1 is a key player in cancer stemness and chemoresistance: Therapeutic targeting of cross-talk between the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways
Authors: Lim Seong Hun , Lee Hyesung , Lee Hyun Ji , Kim Kuglae , Choi Junjeong , Han Jung Min , Min Do Sik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of chemoresistance is a major challenge in the treatment of several types of cancers in clinical settings. Stemness and chemoresistance are the chief causes of poor clinical outcomes. In this context, we hypothesized that understanding the signaling pathways responsible for chemoresistance in cancers is crucial for the development of novel targeted therapies to overcome drug resistance. Among the aberrantly activated pathways, the PI3K-Akt/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is clinically implicated in malignancies such as colorectal cancer (CRC) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Aberrant dysregulation of phospholipase D (PLD) has been implicated in several malignancies, and oncogenic activation of this pathway facilitates tumor proliferation, stemness, and chemoresistance. Crosstalk involving the PLD and Wnt/β-catenin pathways promotes the progression of CRC and GBM and reduces the sensitivity of cancer cells to standard therapies. Notably, both pathways are tightly regulated and connected at multiple levels by upstream and downstream effectors. Thus, gaining deeper insights into the interactions between these pathways would help researchers discover unique therapeutic targets for the management of drug-resistant cancers. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which PLD signaling stimulates stemness and chemoresistance in CRC and GBM. Thus, the current review aims to address the importance of PLD as a central player coordinating cross-talk between the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways and proposes the possibility of targeting these pathways to improve cancer therapy and overcome drug resistance.
YAP1 inhibits the senescence of alveolar epithelial cells by targeting Prdx3 to alleviate pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Su Wei , Guo Yingying , Wang Qianqian , Ma Lu , Zhang Qing , Zhang Yuhan , Geng Yiding , Jin Tongzhu , Guo Jiayu , Yang Ruoxuan , Niu Zhihui , Ren Lingxue , Wang Yan , Ning Zhiwei , Li Wenyue , He Wenxin , Sun Jian , Li Tianyu , Li Zhixin , Shan Hongli , Liang Haihai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe senescence of alveolar type II (AT2) cells impedes self-repair of the lung epithelium and contributes to lung injury in the setting of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is essential for cell growth and organ development; however, the role of YAP1 in AT2 cells during pulmonary fibrosis is still unclear. YAP1 expression was found to be downregulated in the AT2 cells of PF patients. Deletion of YAP1 in AT2 cells resulted in lung injury, exacerbated extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and worsened lung function. In contrast, overexpression of YAP1 in AT2 cells promoted alveolar regeneration, mitigated pulmonary fibrosis, and improved lung function. In addition, overexpression of YAP1 alleviated bleomycin (BLM) -induced senescence of alveolar epithelial cells both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, YAP1 promoted the expression of peroxiredoxin 3 (Prdx3) by directly interacting with TEAD1. Forced expression of Prdx3 inhibited senescence and improved mitochondrial dysfunction in BLM-treated MLE-12 cells, whereas depletion of Prdx3 partially abrogated the protective effect of YAP1. Furthermore, overexpression of Prdx3 facilitated self-repair of the injured lung and reduced ECM deposition, while silencing Prdx3 attenuated the antifibrotic effect of YAP1. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that YAP1 alleviates lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis by regulating Prdx3 expression to improve mitochondrial dysfunction and block senescence in AT2 cells, revealing a potential novel therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.
Acoustofluidics-enhanced biosensing with simultaneously high sensitivity and speed
Authors: Li Yuang , Zhao Yang , Yang Yang , Zhang Wenchang , Zhang Yun , Sun Sheng , Zhang Lingqian , Li Mingxiao , Gao Hang , Huang Chengjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSimultaneously achieving high sensitivity and detection speed with traditional solid-state biosensors is usually limited since the target molecules must passively diffuse to the sensor surface before they can be detected. Microfluidic techniques have been applied to shorten the diffusion time by continuously moving molecules through the biosensing regions. However, the binding efficiencies of the biomolecules are still limited by the inherent laminar flow inside microscale channels. In this study, focused traveling surface acoustic waves were directed into an acoustic microfluidic chip, which could continuously enrich the target molecules into a constriction zone for immediate detection of the immune reactions, thus significantly improving the detection sensitivity and speed. To demonstrate the enhancement of biosensing, we first developed an acoustic microfluidic chip integrated with a focused interdigital transducer; this transducer had the ability to capture more than 91% of passed microbeads. Subsequently, polystyrene microbeads were pre-captured with human IgG molecules at different concentrations and loaded for detection on the chip. As representative results, ~0.63, 2.62, 11.78, and 19.75 seconds were needed to accumulate significant numbers of microbeads pre-captured with human IgG molecules at concentrations of 100, 10, 1, and 0.1 ng/mL (~0.7 pM), respectively; this process was faster than the other methods at the hour level and more sensitive than the other methods at the nanomolar level. Our results indicated that the proposed method could significantly improve both the sensitivity and speed, revealing the importance of selective enrichment strategies for rapid biosensing of rare molecules.
CRISPR screens reveal convergent targeting strategies against evolutionarily distinct chemoresistance in cancer
Authors: Zhong Chunge , Jiang Wen-Jie , Yao Yingjia , Li Zexu , Li You , Wang Shengnan , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhu Wenjuan , Wu Siqi , Wang Jing , Fan Shuangshuang , Ma Shixin , Liu Yeshu , Zhang Han , Zhao Wenchang , Zhao Lu , Feng Yi , Li Zihan , Guo Ruifang , Yu Li , Pei Fengyun , Hu Jun , Feng Xingzhi , Yang Zihuan , Yang Zhengjia , Yang Xueying , Hou Yue , Zhang Danni , Xu Dake , Sheng Ren , Li Yihao , Liu Lijun , Wu Hua-Jun , Huang Jun , Fei Teng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy has been a major hurdle that limits therapeutic benefits for many types of cancer. Here we systematically identify genetic drivers underlying chemoresistance by performing 30 genome-scale CRISPR knockout screens for seven chemotherapeutic agents in multiple cancer cells. Chemoresistance genes vary between conditions primarily due to distinct genetic background and mechanism of action of drugs, manifesting heterogeneous and multiplexed routes towards chemoresistance. By focusing on oxaliplatin and irinotecan resistance in colorectal cancer, we unravel that evolutionarily distinct chemoresistance can share consensus vulnerabilities identified by 26 second-round CRISPR screens with druggable gene library. We further pinpoint PLK4 as a therapeutic target to overcome oxaliplatin resistance in various models via genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition, highlighting a single-agent strategy to antagonize evolutionarily distinct chemoresistance. Our study not only provides resources and insights into the molecular basis of chemoresistance, but also proposes potential biomarkers and therapeutic strategies against such resistance.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS) modulates microglial activation following intracortical microelectrode implantation
Authors: Li Fan , Gallego Jazlyn , Tirko Natasha N. , Greaser Jenna , Bashe Derek , Patel Rudra , Shaker Eric , Van Valkenburg Grace E. , Alsubhi Alanoud S. , Wellman Steven , Singh Vanshika , Padilla Camila Garcia , Gheres Kyle W. , Broussard John I. , Bagwell Roger , Mulvihill Maureen , Kozai Takashi D. Y. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicroglia are important players in surveillance and repair of the brain. Implanting an electrode into the cortex activates microglia, produces an inflammatory cascade, triggers the foreign body response, and opens the blood-brain barrier. These changes can impede intracortical brain-computer interfaces performance. Using two-photon imaging of implanted microelectrodes, we test the hypothesis that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation can reduce microglia-mediated neuroinflammation following the implantation of microelectrodes. In the first week of treatment, we found that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation increased microglia migration speed by 128%, enhanced microglia expansion area by 109%, and a reduction in microglial activation by 17%, indicating improved tissue healing and surveillance. Microglial coverage of the microelectrode was reduced by 50% and astrocytic scarring by 36% resulting in an increase in recording performance at chronic time. The data indicate that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation helps reduce the foreign body response around chronic intracortical microelectrodes.
Machine learning-enabled forward prediction and inverse design of 4D-printed active plates
Authors: Sun Xiaohao , Yue Liang , Yu Luxia , Forte Connor T. , Armstrong Connor D. , Zhou Kun , Demoly Frédéric , Zhao Ruike Renee , Qi H. Jerry 
Published: July 2024

AbstractShape transformations of active composites (ACs) depend on the spatial distribution of constituent materials. Voxel-level complex material distributions can be encoded by 3D printing, offering enormous freedom for possible shape-change 4D-printed ACs. However, efficiently designing the material distribution to achieve desired 3D shape changes is significantly challenging yet greatly needed. Here, we present an approach that combines machine learning (ML) with both gradient-descent (GD) and evolutionary algorithm (EA) to design AC plates with 3D shape changes. A residual network ML model is developed for the forward shape prediction. A global-subdomain design strategy with ML-GD and ML-EA is then used for the inverse material-distribution design. For a variety of numerically generated target shapes, both ML-GD and ML-EA demonstrate high efficiency. By further combining ML-EA with a normal distance-based loss function, optimized designs are achieved for multiple irregular target shapes. Our approach thus provides a highly efficient tool for the design of 4D-printed active composites.
Delayed tumor-draining lymph node irradiation preserves the efficacy of combined radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade in models of metastatic disease
Authors: Telarovic Irma , Yong Carmen S. M. , Kurz Lisa , Vetrugno Irene , Reichl Sabrina , Fernandez Alba Sanchez , Cheng Hung-Wei , Winkler Rona , Guckenberger Matthias , Kipar Anja , Ludewig Burkhard , Pruschy Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCancer resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors motivated investigations into leveraging the immunostimulatory properties of radiotherapy to overcome immune evasion and to improve treatment response. However, clinical benefits of radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations have been modest. Routine concomitant tumor-draining lymph node irradiation (DLN IR) might be the culprit. As crucial sites for generating anti-tumor immunity, DLNs are indispensable for the in situ vaccination effect of radiotherapy. Simultaneously, DLN sparing is often not feasible due to metastatic spread. Using murine models of metastatic disease in female mice, here we demonstrate that delayed (adjuvant), but not neoadjuvant, DLN IR overcomes the detrimental effect of concomitant DLN IR on the efficacy of radio-immunotherapy. Moreover, we identify IR-induced disruption of the CCR7-CCL19/CCL21 homing axis as a key mechanism for the detrimental effect of DLN IR. Our study proposes delayed DLN IR as a strategy to maximize the efficacy of radio-immunotherapy across different tumor types and disease stages.
Zero-dimensional halide hybrid bulk glass exhibiting reversible photochromic ultralong phosphorescence
Authors: Nie Fei , Yan Dongpeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDynamically responsive materials, capable of reversible changes in color appearance and/or photoemission upon external stimuli, have attracted substantial attention across various fields. This study presents an effective approach wherein switchable modulation of photochromism and ultralong phosphorescence can be achieved simultaneously in a zero-dimensional organic-inorganic halide hybrid glass doped with 4,4´-bipyridine. The facile fabrication of large-scale glasses is accomplished through a combined grinding-melting-quenching process. The persistent luminescence can be regulated through the photochromic switch induced by photo-generated radicals. Furthermore, the incorporation of the aggregation-induced chirality effect generates intriguing circularly polarized luminescence, with an optical dissymmetry factor (glum) reaching the order of 10–2. Exploiting the dynamic ultralong phosphorescence, this work further achieves promising applications, such as three-dimensional optical storage, rewritable photo-patterning, and multi-mode anti-counterfeiting with ease. Therefore, this study introduces a smart hybrid glass platform as a new photo-responsive switchable system, offering versatility for a wide array of photonic applications.
Evaluation of a mobile behavior change program for weight loss in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Shen Sherry , Salehi Erica , White Charlie , Chen Yuan , Iyengar Neil M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPost-diagnosis weight gain is common in early-stage breast cancer and is associated with increased risk of recurrence and mortality. Intentional weight loss is difficult to maintain, and digital lifestyle interventions may provide a scalable approach to address this challenge. In this prospective single-arm study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04753268; February 15, 2021), key eligibility criteria included: stage I–III breast cancer, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27.5 kg/m2, and completion of cancer treatment ≥6 months before study enrollment. Participants were provided with a behavioral change mobile application (Noom®). The primary endpoint was a change in self-reported weight from baseline to 26 weeks. Secondary endpoints included engagement, changes in physical activity, dietary patterns, and patient-reported outcomes (PRO). In total, 31 patients were enrolled (mean age 56.8 ± 9.9, mean baseline BMI 33.5 kg/m2 ± 6.5). The mean weight change was −4.8 kg ( ± 4.4, P < 0.001), mean percent weight change was −5.6% ( ± 5.0%); 11/31 patients (35.5%) lost ≥5% of their initial weight. Metrics of digital application engagement associated with weight loss ≥5% included articles read (P = 0.012), weights logged (P = 0.006), food records logged (P = 0.001), messages sent (P = 0.001), and application open count (P = 0.014). Significant increases were seen in mean daily step count (P = 0.004), GPAQ scores (P = 0.002), and Body Image Scale scores (P < 0.001). Mean energy intake remained consistently in a calorie-restricted range of 1300–1400 kcal/day. In this study, breast cancer survivors were highly engaged with a behavioral change smartphone application which led to clinically significant weight loss, increased physical activity, maintenance of an energy-restricted diet, and improvements in body image.
Accurate first-principles simulation for the response of 2D chemiresistive gas sensors
Authors: Li Shuwei , Zhang Liang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe realm of chemiresistive gas sensors has witnessed a notable surge in interest in two-dimensional (2D) materials. The advancement of high-performance 2D gas sensing materials necessitates a quantitative theoretical method capable of accurately predicting their response. In this context, we present our first-principles framework for calculating the response of 2D materials, incorporating both carrier concentration and mobility. We showcase our method by applying it to prototype NH3 sensing on 2D MoS2 and comparing the results with prior experiments in the literature. Our approach offers a thorough solution for carrier concentration, taking into account the electronic structure around the Fermi level. In conjunction with the mobility calculation, this enables us to provide a quantitative prediction of the response profile and limit of detection (LOD), yielding a notably improved alignment with prior experimental findings. Further analysis quantifies the contributions of carrier concentration and mobility to the overall response of 2D MoS2 to NH3. We identify that discrepancies in the charge-transfer-based method primarily stem from overestimating carrier concentrations. Our method opens exciting opportunities to explore carrier mobility-dominated sensing materials, facilitates efficient screening of promising gas sensing materials, and quantitative understanding of the sensing mechanism.