bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A face‐oriented stabilized Nitsche‐type extended variational multiscale method for incompressible two‐phase flow
Authors: Schott B. , Rasthofer U. , Gravemeier V. , Wall W. A. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryA novel extended variational multiscale method for incompressible two‐phase flow is proposed. In this approach, the level‐set method, which allows for accurately representing complex interface evolutions, is combined with an extended finite element method for the fluid field. Sharp representation of the discontinuities at the interface related to surface‐tension effects and large material–parameter ratios are enabled by this approach. To capture the discontinuities, jump enrichments are applied for both velocity and pressure field. Nitsche's method is then used to weakly impose the continuity of the velocity field. For a stable formulation on the entire domain, residual‐based variational multiscale terms are supported by appropriate face‐oriented ghost‐penalty and fluid stabilization terms in the region of enriched elements. Both face‐oriented terms and interfacial terms related to Nitsche's method are introduced such that it is accounted for viscous‐dominated and convection‐dominated transient flows. As a result, stability and well‐conditioned systems are guaranteed independent of the interface location. The proposed method is applied to four numerical examples of increasing complexity: two‐dimensional Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities, a two‐dimensional collapsing water column, three‐dimensional rising bubbles, and a three‐dimensional bubble coalescence. Excellent agreement with either analytical solutions or numerical and experimental reference data as well as robustness for all flow regimes is demonstrated for all examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of the coupling agent on the properties of poly(acrylic acid)−Al2O3 interpenetrating hybrids and sorption of metal ions
Authors: Campos Cristian H , Torres Cecilia C , Urbano Bruno F , Rivas Bernabé L 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this work we present the synthesis and characterization of a hybrid material based on poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate (TMPM) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3). Hybrid materials applied for divalent cation retention were lead(II), cadmium(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) and the effect of the coupling agent TMPM was evaluated. The synthesis of the materials was carried out using a simultaneous radical polymerization/sol‐gel process for obtaining Al2O3−PAA composites using different amounts of TMPM as coupling agent. The physical and chemical properties of the hybrids were investigated using infrared spectroscopy, N2 absorption, SEM and TGA. The results indicate that all of the materials were simultaneous interpenetrating networks and that the morphologies and the properties depend on the amount of TMPM used. The metal ion retention properties were studied by a batch equilibrium procedure and sorption experiments were carried out under non‐competitive ion conditions. The hybrid exhibited metal ion uptake and dependence of metal sorption on the coupling agent content. Moreover, equilibrium sorption results are well described by Langmuir isotherms, and the sorption for different cations showed the following trend: Ni(II) < Cu(II) < Cd(II) < Pb(II). © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Labour Rights and Beyond—How Migrant Worker NGOs Negotiate Urban Spaces in the Pearl River Delta
Authors: Gransow Bettina , Zhu Jiangang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Pearl River Delta (PRD) with its strong focus on international export production has a higher concentration of NGOs that support migrant workers than any other part of China. To better understand mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion affecting migrants in the city and their organisations, this paper takes up Martina Löw's (2008) space‐theoretical concept and her critical reference to Anthony Giddens' structuration theory showing how space can be interpreted as a duality of structural ordering and action elements. It asks whether these migrant worker NGOs can be seen as agents of change influencing the process of urban restructuring in the PRD and producing new urban spaces while negotiating with numerous different institutions on behalf of the workers. Based on a critical review of the literature, long‐term participatory observation and expert interviews with NGO leaders and staff, it uses four examples—NGO office space, factory space, litigation space and hospital space—to argue that these NGOs are producing transient urban spaces that not only advocate labour rights but also serve broader processes of creating and transforming the mega‐urban landscape of the PRD. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion beam synthesis of embedded III‐As nanocrystals in silicon substrate
Authors: Khelifi Rim , Frégnaux Mathieu , Le Gall Yann , Muller Dominique , Schmerber Guy , Mathiot Daniel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOur goal is to use the versatility of ion beam synthesis to grow nanocrystals of InxGa1‐xAs alloys embedded in a silicon substrate. We study, first, the annealing conditions necessary to grow well defined InAs and GaAs binary nanocrystals. High dose of As, Ga and In is implanted, respectively, at 130, 130 and 180 keV to have overlapping as‐implanted profiles. The nanocrystals growth is then achieved by rapid thermal annealing at various temperatures between 650 and 800 °C for 1 min under an argon gas flow. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy profiles show that no significant impurity out‐diffusion occurs below 800 °C for both systems. In and As thermal redistributions lead to superposed profiles. Raman spectroscopy measurements prove that InAs nanocrystals are formed above 650 °C, while 800 °C annealing is necessary to obtain GaAs nanocrystals and show that these thermal budgets are enough to fully recrystallize the implanted layer. Grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction patterns exhibit clearly InAs and GaAs related peaks. These results prove that GaAs and InAs nanocrystals can be grown in a common temperature range (700‐800 °C), opening the route to the growth of ternary InxGa1‐xAs alloys in the same conditions. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence properties of lamellar nano‐composites obtained by Cd intercalation of GaSe and GaSe:Eu single crystals
Authors: Untila Dumitru , Cantser Valeriu , Caraman Mihail , Evtodiev Igor , Leontie Liviu , Dmitroglo Liliana 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this work surface morphology, composition and photoluminescence at 293 K and 78 K, of composite obtained by intercalation of GaSe and GaSe:Eu (0.49 at.% and 1.00 at.%) single crystal lamellas with Cd from vapor phase at 753 K and 830 K are investigated. As‐obtained composite consists of CdSe and microstructured GaSe single crystallites. Photoluminescence spectrum of GaSe:Eu single crystal lamellas is composed of Eu3+ emission band 5D0 → 7F1, 5D0 → 7F2 and 5D1 → 7F3 transitions) and indirect exciton line in GaSe crystallites. Emission spectrum of single crystalline GaSe–CdSe composite, at 78 K and 293 K, consists of donor‐acceptor band in GaSe microcrystallites and emission band of CdSe crystallites. Composite derived from the intercalation of GaSe:Eu (0.49 at.%) single crystals with Cd exhibits strong visible luminescence. Its quasi‐continuous photoluminescence spectrum is produced by superposition of luminescent emissions of CdSe nano‐ and microparticles, and microstructured GaSe. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ion‐induced degradation of phase stability and hardness of TiZrSiN nanocomposite thin films
Authors: Uglov V. V. , Abadias G. , Dub S. N. , Tolmachova G. N. , Zlotski S. V. , Michel A. , Saladukhin I. A. , Leshkevich S. S. , Gaiduk P. I. , Jasulaitene V. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe effects of ion irradiation (180 keV Xe2+, doses 1×1016 cm–2 and 5×1016 cm–2) on the structure, phase composition and hardness of thin (300 nm) nanocomposite (Ti,Zr)1‐xSixNy films deposited by magnetron sputtering (silicon concentration x≤0.22) were studied. It was found that the increase in Si content results in the transformation of structure from nanocrystalline (x ≤ 0.07, grain size about 18 nm) to nanocomposite (0.07 ≤ x ≤ 0.11, grain size about 8 nm) and then to amorphous (x ≥ 0.18) state. Nanocomposite films consist of two‐phase: crystalline cubic (Ti,Zr)N grains (∼ 8 nm size) surrounded by a thin amorphous a ‐TiSiN layer. Ion irradiation with Xe ions triggers the crystallization of (Ti,Zr)N‐rich grains for amorphous films (x≥0.18). It was found that irradiation leads to a decrease in nanoindentation hardness, due to the accumulation of Xe ion in the film, as well as the elemental redistribution of solid solution constituents in the area of collisions cascades. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modification and reduction of defects in thin gate dielectric of MIS devices by injection‐thermal and irradiation treatments
Authors: Andreev Vladimir V. , Bondarenko Gennady G. , Maslovsky Vladimir M. , Stolyarov Alexander A. , Andreev Dmitry V. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe effect of high‐field injection‐thermal and irradiation treatments on the MIS structures reliability and defect reduction in the nanoscale gate dielectric has been investigated. Injection‐thermal treatment (ITT) of MIS structures consisted of high‐field electron injection into gate dielectric with the charge of defined value and subsequent parameter stabilization of MIS structures by means of thermal annealing. The MIS structures have been studied using novel techniques of multilevel current stress. Our study shows that the ITT can improve reliability of MIS structures (increase of charge‐to‐breakdown value) and identify defective structures. The ITT provides structural modification of SiO2 and Si–SiO2 interfaces. It has been shown that the ITT at elevated temperatures can reduce the reliability of MIS devices. Performing ITT at high temperatures leads to decrease of charge‐to‐breakdown average value in MIS structures. It has been demonstrated that irradiation treatment allows to reduce density of defects in thermal SiO2 films, SiO2 films doped with phosphorus, oxynitride films and as a result to increase reliability of MIS devices. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hydrogen‐Bonding‐Driven Aromatic Foldamers: Their Structural and Functional Evolution
Authors: Zhang Dan‐Wei , Wang Wei‐Kun , Li Zhan‐Ting 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis Personal Account summarizes the development of the design of hydrogen‐bonding‐driven aromatic foldamers and their applications in supramolecular chemistry. This account begins with a short, non‐exhaustive description of the background in the study of hydrogen‐bonded aromatic foldamers. The construction of foldamers from discrete aromatic residues, including amide, urea, hydrazide and 1,2,3‐triazole units, is then described. In the following parts, the applications of such compact aromatic oligomers in supramolecular chemistry, including the development of acyclic receptors, the construction of hybrid helical sequences through intramolecular stacking, the promotion of the formation of covalently and noncovalently bonded macrocycles, the tuning of the mechanical properties of copolymers, and the regulation of the shuttling behavior of [2]rotaxanes and the controlled release of dye from reverse vesicles formed from them, are described. In the final part, the binding‐induced folding of conformationally flexible aromatic amide oligomers and their self‐binding are described.
Genetic Counselors’ and Genetic Counseling Students’ Attitudes Around the Clinical Doctorate and Other Advanced Educational Options for Genetic Counselors: A Report from the Genetic Counseling Advanced Degree Task Force
Authors: Nagy Rebecca , Peay Holly , Hicks Melissa , Kloos Jacqueline , Westman Rachel , Conway Laura , Finucane Brenda , Fitzpatrick Jennifer , Gordon Erynn , Ramos Erica , Sekhon‐Warren Jaspreet , Silver Josh , Walton Carol , Reiser Catherine 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSince its establishment over 40 years ago, the genetic counseling profession has grown to an estimated ~4,000 professionals in North America. While the profession has maintained the Master's degree as the entry‐level and terminal degree, many other allied health professions have added advanced training pathways, such as the clinical doctorate (ClinD) either as an optional post‐professional degree or required entry‐level degree. Discussions regarding advanced degrees have also occurred within the genetic counseling profession, dating back to as early as the 1980s. In 2011, the Genetic Counseling Advanced Degree Task Force (GCADTF) was convened to explore the issue again, with the goal of “[engaging] all of the professional leadership organizations in the field of genetic counseling in a decision‐making process about whether the profession should move to a Clinical Doctorate”. As part of their work, the GCADTF surveyed practicing genetic counselors (n = 4,321) and genetic counseling students (n = 522) in the US and Canada regarding their interest in moving to the ClinD as the entry‐level degree. This survey also included questions about other options for advanced training to generate data to inform future discussions around this very important professional issue. Herein, we describe the results of the survey, with particular attention to genetic counselor preferences for additional advanced education/certification opportunities and recommendations for future discussion.
Uniparentale Disomien und Mosaike
Authors: Eggermann Thomas , Kotzot Dieter 
Published: October 2014

Zusammenfassung
Für die Entstehung von uniparentalen Disomien (UPD) sind verschiedene Mechanismen bekannt, von denen insbesondere der häufigste, der „trisomy rescue“, mit Mosaiken aus einer trisomen Zelllinie und einer disomen 46,XN-Zelllinie mit UPD einhergehen kann. Daher wird diskutiert, ob ein Großteil der UPD schwache oder nichterkannte Mosaike sein könnten. Inwieweit eine trisome Zelllinie den Phänotyp beeinflusst, hängt wahrscheinlich vom Chromosom und v. a. vom prozentualen Anteil im jeweiligen Gewebe ab. Möglicherweise haben die trisomen Zellen mancher UPD-Mosaike sogar einen Selektionsnachteil, sodass sie zumindest postnatal in der Routineanalytik aus Lymphozyten nicht darstellbar sind. Bei Beteiligung eines Chromosoms, für das „Imprinting“-Phänomene bekannt sind, muss die entsprechende Erkrankung berücksichtigt werden. Während die postnatale molekulare Abklärung einer UPD bei Vorliegen einer entsprechenden klinischen Symptomatik und/oder chromosomaler bzw. molekularer Vorbefunde indiziert ist, sind im Rahmen der pränatalen Testung auf UPD und Imprinting-Erkrankungen die Konsequenzen eines positiven Befunds vor der Diagnostik im Rahmen einer genetischen Beratung mit den Eltern zu diskutieren. Die Bedeutung von Mosaiken für die UPD-Diagnostik muss vor dem Hintergrund des beteiligten Chromosoms bzw. der assoziierten Erkrankung, des zugrunde liegenden Entstehungsmechanismus und der verwendeten Methode bewertet werden.
Gonosomale Mosaike
Authors: Spreiz A. , Kotzot D. 
Published: October 2014

Zusammenfassung
Aberrationen der Geschlechtschromosomen sind mit einer Inzidenz von ca. 0,2 % bei Neugeborenen von großer Relevanz. Häufig liegen sie in Form von numerischen und/oder strukturellen Mosaiken vor. Vor allem aufgrund der variablen Verteilung in verschiedenen Geweben ist die Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelation schwierig, was besonders bei pränatalen Befunden eine große Herausforderung darstellt und eine genetische Beratung erforderlich macht. Gonosomale Mosaike führen im weiblichen Geschlecht häufig zu den klinischen Symptomen des Turner-Syndroms (v. a. Kleinwuchs und Infertilität) einem potentiell erhöhten Gonadoblastomrisiko bei Vorhandensein einer XY-Zelllinie. Im männlichen Geschlecht sind Klinefelter-Mosaike ebenfalls häufig (bis ca. 20 %). Mosaike für die Karyotypen 47,XXX und 47,XYY werden seltener beobachtet; dies dürfte auch durch den geringen Krankheitswert und die daraus seltener resultierende Untersuchungsindikation begründet sein.
Coevolutionary patterns and diversification of avian malaria parasites in African sunbirds (Family Nectariniidae)
Authors: LAURON ELVIN J. , LOISEAU CLAIRE , BOWIE RAURI C. K. , SPICER GREG S. , SMITH THOMAS B. , MELO MARTIM , SEHGAL RAVINDER N. M. 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYThe coevolutionary relationships between avian malaria parasites and their hosts influence the host specificity, geographical distribution and pathogenicity of these parasites. However, to understand fine scale coevolutionary host–parasite relationships, robust and widespread sampling from closely related hosts is needed. We thus sought to explore the coevolutionary history of avianPlasmodiumand the widespread African sunbirds, family Nectariniidae. These birds are distributed throughout Africa and occupy a variety of habitats. Considering the role that habitat plays in influencing host-specificity and the role that host-specificity plays in coevolutionary relationships, African sunbirds provide an exceptional model system to study the processes that govern the distribution and diversity of avian malaria. Here we evaluated the coevolutionary histories using a multi-gene phylogeny for Nectariniidae and avianPlasmodiumfound in Nectariniidae. We then assessed the host–parasite biogeography and the structuring of parasite assemblages. We recoveredPlasmodiumlineages concurrently in East, West, South and Island regions of Africa. However, severalPlasmodiumlineages were recovered exclusively within one respective region, despite being found in widely distributed hosts. In addition, we inferred the biogeographic history of these parasites and provide evidence supporting a model of biotic diversification in avianPlasmodiumof African sunbirds.
Vicars and citizen office-holding in the dominions of fifteenth-century Lucca, 1430–1501
Authors: BRATCHEL M.E. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT:Studies of office-holding in Renaissance Italy have largely ignored magistrates of communal origin. The focus has been on offices and officials in the developing regional states, with an emphasis on princely regimes and on Lombardy. The present article examines the citizen magistrates despatched by the city of Lucca to govern its significant but depleted and fragmented territories. It addresses the question of the professionality (or lack of professionality) of the short-term office-holders of urban-centred republican regimes, and briefly explores what a study of office-holding can reveal about relations between a city and its dependent countryside. Though fifteenth-century Lucca was atypical in its historical setting, comparisons have been drawn throughout between Lucca and neighbouring (albeit very different) political formations.
Wolfgang Köhler’sthe Mentality of Apesand the Animal Psychology of his Time
Authors: Ruiz Gabriel , Sánchez Natividad 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn 1913, the Anthropoid Station for psychological and physiological research in chimpanzees and other apes was founded by the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (Berlin) near La Orotava, Tenerife. Eugene Teuber, its first director, began his work at the Station with several studies of anthropoid apes’ natural behavior, particularly chimpanzee body language. In late 1913, the psychologist Wolfgang Köhler, the second and final director of the Station, arrived in Tenerife. During his stay in the Canary Islands, Köhler conducted a series of studies on intelligent behavior in chimpanzees that would become classics in the field of comparative psychology. Those experiments were at the core of his bookIntelligenzprüfungen an Menschenaffen(The Mentality of Apes), published in 1921. This paper analyzes Köhler’s experiments and notions of intelligent behavior in chimpanzees, emphasizing his distinctly descriptive approach to these issues. It also makes an effort to elucidate some of the theoretical ideas underpinning Köhler’s work. The ultimate goal of this paper is to assess the historical significance of Köhler’s book within the context of the animal psychology of his time.
Validation of Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (B-YAACQ): Portuguese Version
Authors: Ferreira Joaquim A. , Martins Jorge S. , Coelho Mariana S. , Kahler Christopher W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractExtant literature suggests that Portuguese college students frequently drinking alcohol and experience a variety of alcohol-related negative consequences. However, to our knowledge, there is no validated measure to assess negative consequences of drinking alcohol for college students in Portugal. This article describes a validation of the Portuguese version of the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. Originally developed by Kahler, Strong, and Read (2005), this 24-item questionnaire is a widely used self-report measure with strong psychometric properties and validity for the evaluation of the negative consequences of drinking in college students. We collected data from 620 students at the University of Coimbra (Portugal). Participants completed (a) a background questionnaire, (b) the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), (c) the Daily Drinking Questionnaire - Revised (DDQ-R), and (d) the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (B-YAACQ) translated into Portuguese as part of this study. Analyses showed that items fit a unidimensional Rasch model well with items infit statistics raging from .82 to 1.27, supporting using all items to create a total sum score of the Portuguese version of the B-YAACQ. The Portuguese version of the B-YAACQ showed adequate internal reliability (α = .87) and concurrent validity. Results support its use and integration in research on interventions targeted to reduce adverse effects associated with excessive drinking among Portuguese college students.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Obinutuzumab (GA101) in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Exposure–Response in CLL
Authors: Gibiansky E , Gibiansky L , Carlile D J , Jamois C , Buchheit V , Frey N 
Published: October 2014

Treatment regimens involving obinutuzumab (GA101) demonstrated increased efficacy to rituximab in clinical trials for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and the exposure–response relationships of obinutuzumab still need to be fully described. Data from four clinical trials of obinutuzumab were analyzed to describe the PK properties in patients with NHL or CLL and the pharmacodynamic (PD) properties in patients with CLL. A population PK model with linear time‐dependent clearance described the obinutuzumab concentration–time course. Diagnosis, baseline tumor size (BSIZ), body weight, and gender were the main covariates affecting obinutuzumab exposure. In patients with CLL, exposure was not associated with safety but showed positive trends of correlation with efficacy. Although efficacy correlated positively with exposure, since both efficacy and exposure correlated negatively with BSIZ, it was not possible to determine with certainty whether it would be beneficial to adjust the dose according to BSIZ.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e144; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.42; published online 29 October 2014