bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Republished: ‘Warm-up Angina’: harnessing the benefits of exercise and myocardial ischaemia
Authors: Williams Rupert P , Manou-Stathopoulou Vasiliki , Redwood Simon R , Marber Michael S 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The phenomenon of warm-up angina was first noted over 200 years ago. It describes the curious observation whereby exercise-induced ischaemia on second effort is significantly reduced or even abolished if separated from first effort by a brief rest period. However, the precise mechanism via which this cardio-protection occurs remains uncertain. Three possible explanations for reduced myocardial ischaemia on second effort include: first, an improvement in myocardial perfusion; second, increased myocardial resistance to ischaemia similar to ischaemic preconditioning; and third, reduced cardiac work through better ventricular–vascular coupling. Obtaining accurate coronary physiological measurements in the catheter laboratory throughout exercise demands a complex research protocol. In the 1980s, studies into warm-up angina relied on great cardiac vein thermo-dilution to estimate coronary blood flow. This technique has subsequently been shown to be inaccurate. However exercise physiology in the catheter laboratory has recently been resurrected with the advent of coronary artery wires that allow continuous measurement of distal coronary artery pressure and blood flow velocity. This review summarises the intriguing historical background to warm-up angina, and provides a concise critique of the important studies investigating mechanisms behind this captivating cardio-protective phenomenon.
Randomised prospective study compares efficacy of five different stomach tubes for rumen fluid sampling in dairy cows
Authors: Steiner S. , Neidl A. , Linhart N. , Tichy A. , Gasteiner J. , Gallob K. , Baumgartner W. , Wittek T. 
Published: October 2014

The objective of the study was to compare the performance of five types of stomach tubes for rumen fluid sampling. Rumen fluid was sampled in rumen fistulated cows assigned to a 5×5 Latin square study design. The pH values of samples taken by stomach tubes and via fistulas were measured; the results were compared with indwelling sensor measurements. The practicability of the stomach tubes for regular use was tested in the field. Rumen fluid samples were obtained rapidly. Volumes for transfaunation could be obtained. The pH‐values of samples taken with the four out of the five tubes (Dirksen, Geishauser, tube 4 and a simple water hose used with a gag) did not show significant differences to samples taken via rumen fistulas. Mean differences ranged between −0.02 and +0.09. Samples taken with tube 4 and the water hose showed also no significant differences to pH‐sensor measurements. This study demonstrates that stomach tubes are suitable for rumen fluid sampling. Tube 4 seems to be the best probe for work in the field. It was well tolerated by the animals, saliva contamination is negligible. We, therefore, conclude that the evaluation of rumen acid base status in the field is possible.
WebCore
Authors: Zhu Yuhao , Reddi Vijay Janapa 
Published: October 2014

The Web browser is undoubtedly the single most impor- tant application in the mobile ecosystem. An average user spends 72 minutes each day using the mobile Web browser. nWeb browser internal engines (e.g., WebKit) are also growing in importance because they provide a common substrate for developing various mobile Web applications. In a user-driven, interactive, and latency-sensitive environment, the browser's performance is crucial. However, the battery-constrained nature of mobile devices limits the performance that we can de- liver for mobile Web browsing. As traditional general-purpose techniques to improve performance and energy efficiency fall short, we must employ domain-specific knowledge while still maintaining general-purpose flexibility
In this paper, we first perform design-space exploration to identify appropriate general-purpose architectures that uniquely fit the characteristics of a popular Web browsing engine. Despite our best effort, we discover sources of energy inefficiency in these customized general-purpose architectures. To mitigate these inefficiencies, we propose, synthesize, and evaluate two new domain-specific specializations, called the Style Resolution Unit and the Browser Engine Cache. Our opti- mizations boost energy efficiency and at the same time improve mobile Web browsing performance. As emerging mobile work- loads increasingly rely more on Web browser technologies, the type of optimizations we propose will become important in the future and are likely to have lasting widespread impact
Bosentan Improves Exercise Capacity in Adolescents and Adults After Fontan Operation
Authors: Hebert Anders , Mikkelsen Ulla R. , Thilen Ulf , Idorn Lars , Jensen Annette S. , Nagy Edit , Hanseus Katarina , Sørensen Keld E. , Søndergaard Lars 
Published: October 2014

Background—
The Fontan procedure has improved survival in children with functionally univentricular hearts. With time, however, complications such as reduced exercise capacity are seen more frequently. Exercise intolerance is multifactorial, but pulmonary vascular resistance probably plays a crucial role. Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance has been associated with raised levels of endothelin-1, which are common both before and after Fontan operations. Treatment with endothelin-1 receptor antagonists could theoretically improve cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and exercise capacity. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the efficacy and safety of bosentan in Fontan patients.

Methods and Results—

Seventy-five adolescents and adults were randomized 1:1 to 14 weeks of treatment with bosentan or placebo. Cardiopulmonary exercise test, functional class, blood samples, and quality-of-life questionnaires were evaluated at baseline and at the end of treatment. Sixty-nine patients (92%) completed the study. Peak oxygen consumption increased 2.0 mL·kg
−1
·min
−1
(from 28.7 to 30.7 mL·kg
−1
·min
−1
) in the bosentan group compared with 0.6 mL·kg
−1
·min
−1
(from 28.4 to 29.0 mL·kg
−1
·min
−1
) in the placebo group (
P
=0.02). Cardiopulmonary exercise test time increased by 0.48 minute (from 6.79 to 7.27 minutes) versus 0.08 minute (from 6.94 to 7.02 minutes;
P
=0.04). Nine bosentan-treated patients improved 1 functional class, whereas none improved in the placebo group (
P
=0.0085). Side effects were mild and occurred equally in both groups. No serious adverse effects were seen, and no patients had liver enzyme levels above the 3-fold upper limit.

Conclusions—
Bosentan improves exercise capacity, exercise time, and functional class in Fontan patients without serious adverse events or hepatotoxicity.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01292551.
Bilateral or Unilateral Stimulation for Baroreflex Activation Therapy
Authors: de Leeuw Peter W. , Alnima Teba , Lovett Eric , Sica Domenic , Bisognano John , Haller Hermann , Kroon Abraham A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract—
Previous trials have shown that in patients with resistant hypertension device-based baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) can substantially reduce blood pressure. However, the fact that electrodes had to be implanted bilaterally may be a drawback for further development of the technique. In this study, we explored whether unilateral stimulation would produce comparable results as bilateral stimulation. In the Pivotal trial, treatment-resistant hypertensive patients were randomized to receive either immediate BAT or deferred BAT, that is, 6 months after implantation. We adjusted stimulation parameters individually so as to provide optimal baroreflex activation. Unilateral stimulation was applied unless bilateral stimulation resulted in a greater blood pressure reduction. When we pooled the 6-month data for the group with immediate BAT and the 12-month data for the group with deferred BAT, a total of 215 patients had been stimulated on one side only (127 at the right side and 88 at the left side), whereas 80 patients had been stimulated bilaterally. Although blood pressure and heart rate did not differ between the 2 groups at baseline, all these variables were significantly lower in the unilateral than in the bilateral group after the 6-month period. When we compared the effect of right-sided stimulation with those of either left-sided or bilateral stimulation, we found right-sided stimulation to be the most effective. We conclude that unilateral and in particular right-sided BAT has a more profound effect on blood pressure than bilateral or left-sided BAT.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00442286.
Prognostic Value of Estimated Functional Capacity Incremental to Cardiac Biomarkers in Stable Cardiac Patients
Authors: Tang W. H. Wilson , Topol Eric J. , Fan Yiying , Wu Yuping , Cho Leslie , Stevenson Cindy , Ellis Stephen G. , Hazen Stanley L. 
Published: October 2014

Background
Few studies have investigated functional capacity self‐assessment tools in either prediction of future major adverse cardiac outcomes beyond all‐cause mortality or direct comparisons with clinically available biomarkers.

Methods and Results

We estimated functional capacity using the Duke Activity Status Index (
DASI
) questionnaire in 8987 sequential stable patients without acute coronary syndrome who were undergoing elective diagnostic coronary angiography with 3‐year follow‐up of major adverse cardiac events (death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or stroke). A low
DASI
score provided independent prediction of a 4.8‐fold increase in future risk of incident
major adverse cardiac events
at 3 years (quartiles 1 versus 4 hazard ratio [95% CI] 4.76 [4.03 to 5.61],
P
<0.001), and a 3.8‐fold increased risk after adjusting for traditional risk factors (3.77 [3.15 to 4.51],
P
<0.001). The prognostic value of the
DASI
score was evident in both primary and secondary prevention cohorts, with and without heart failure, as well as high and low C‐reactive protein and B‐type natriuretic peptide levels. The
DASI
score reclassified 15% of patients (
P
<0.001) beyond traditional risk factors in predicting future
MACE
.

Conclusion
A simple self‐assessment tool of functional capacity in stable patients undergoing elective diagnostic cardiac evaluation provides independent and incremental prognostic value for prediction of both significant coronary angiographic disease and long‐term adverse clinical events.
Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover, Indo-Pacific SSTs, and Recent Trend as Statistical Predictors of Seasonal North American Temperature
Authors: Wilks D. S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMaximum covariance analysis (MCA) forecasts of gridded seasonal North American temperatures are computed for January–March 1991 through February–April 2014, using as predictors Indo-Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs), Eurasian and North American snow-cover extents, and a representation of recent climate nonstationarity, individually and in combination. The most consistent contributor to overall forecast skill is the representation of the ongoing climate warming, implemented by adding the average of the most recent 15 years’ predictand data to the climate anomalies computed by the MCA. For winter and spring forecasts at short (0–1 month) lead times, best forecasts were achieved using the snow-extent predictors together with this representation of the warming trend. The short available period of record for the snow data likely limits the skill that could be achieved using these predictors, as well as limiting the length of the SST training data that can be used simultaneously.
Predictability of Wintertime Stratospheric Circulation Examined Using a Nonstationary Fluctuation–Dissipation Relation
Authors: Inatsu Masaru , Nakano Naoto , Kusuoka Seiichiro , Mukougawa Hitoshi 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The dynamics and predictability of stratospheric low-frequency variability in the Northern Hemisphere winter are examined using a two-dimensional (2D) phase space spanned by the leading empirical orthogonal functions of the 10-hPa geopotential height field. The 2D phase space represents the variation of the strength of the polar night jet and the amplitude of zonal wavenumber-1 eddy components. A linearized nonstationary fluctuation–dissipation relation (NFDR) is developed based on the deterministic drift vector and the stochastic diffusion tensor estimated from a reanalysis dataset. The authors find that the solution of the linearized NFDR with an optimal data sampling time interval for estimating the drift vector and the diffusion tensor provides a good representation in the phase space of the inhomogeneous distribution of the forecast spread of the operational ensemble forecast conducted by the Japan Meteorological Agency. In particular, the linearized NFDR captures the local maximum of the forecast spread during the onset period of the major stratospheric sudden warming events.
Reconstruction of the Spring 2011 Richelieu River Flood by Two Regional Climate Models and a Hydrological Model
Authors: Lucas-Picher Philippe , Riboust Philippe , Somot Samuel , Laprise René 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Climate simulations made with two regional climate models (RCMs), the French Aire Limitée Adaptation Dynamique Développement International (ALADIN) and the Canadian Regional Climate Model, version 5 (CRCM5), operating on 10-km meshes for the period 1989–2011, and the Hydro-Québec hydrological model (HSAMI), are used to reconstruct the spring 2011 Richelieu River flood in the southern region of the province of Québec, Canada. The analysis shows that the simulated fields of 2-m air temperature, precipitation, and snow water equivalent by the RCMs closely match the observations with similar multiyear means and a high correlation of the monthly anomalies. The climatic conditions responsible for the 2011 flood are generally well simulated by the RCMs. The use of multidecadal RCM simulations facilitates the identification of anomalies that contributed to the flood. The flood was linked to a combination of factors: the 2010/11 winter was cold and snowy, the snowmelt in spring was fast, and there was a record amount of precipitation in April and May. Driven by outputs from the RCMs, HSAMI was able to reproduce the mean hydrograph of the Richelieu River, but it underestimated the peak of the 2011 flood. HSAMI adequately computes the water transport from the mountains to the river mouth and the storage effect of Lake Champlain, which dampens the flood over a long period. Overall, the results suggest that RCM simulations can be useful for reconstructing high-resolution climate information and providing new variables that can help better understand the causes of extreme climatic events.
Surgical strategy for Kommerell’s diverticulum with aberrant subclavian artery
Authors: Sekine Yuji , Yamamoto Shin , Fujikawa Takuya , Sasaguri Shiro 
Published: October 2014

Background Kommerell’s diverticulum is an extremely rare congenital aortic anomaly. Because of its rarity, the optimal surgical strategy for Kommerell’s diverticulum has not been established. In this study, we reviewed our experience of surgical correction of this anomaly. Methods Between 2007 and 2013, we managed 9 surgical cases of Kommerell’s diverticulum; 7 had a right aortic arch with an aberrant left subclavian artery, and 2 had a left aortic arch with an aberrant right subclavian artery. None of these patients had any symptom resulting from structural compression between the aneurysm and the aberrant subclavian artery. All patients underwent surgical treatment to prevent aneurysmal rupture. Six patients had replacement of the thoracic descending aorta and in-situ reconstruction of the aberrant subclavian artery through a right thoracotomy, and 3 underwent the same procedures through a left thoracotomy. Three different methods of extracorporeal circulation were applied, according to the anatomical features of each case. Results There was one hospital death. This patient developed severe cerebral infarction and died of multiple organ failure on the 65th postoperative day. There were no other major complications nor any need for rehospitalization. Conclusion Kommerell’s diverticulum should be treated using an optimal strategy based on each patient’s anatomical features and other characteristics.
Safety and Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Recurrent Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases after Hepatectomy
Authors: Valls C. , Ramos E. , Leiva D. , Ruiz S. , Martinez L. , Rafecas A. 
Published: October 2014

Introduction: To assess the results and outcome of radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of recurrent colorectal liver metastases. Patients and Methods: Between January 2005 and September 2012, we treated 59 patients with recurrent colorectal metastases not amenable to surgery with 77 radiofrequency ablation procedures. Radiofrequency was indicated if oncologic resection was technically not possible or the patient was not fit for major surgery. A total of 91 lesions were treated. The mean number of liver tumors per patient was 1.5, and the mean tumor diameter was 2.3 cm. In 37.5% of the cases, lesions had a subcapsular location, and 34% were close to a vascular structure. Results: The morbidity rate was 18.7%, and there were no post-procedural deaths. Distant extrahepatic recurrence appeared in 50% of the patients. Local recurrence at the site of ablation appeared in 18% of the lesions. Local recurrence rate was 6% in lesions less than 3 cm and 52% in lesions larger than 3 cm. The size of the lesions (more than 3 cm) was an independent risk factor for local recurrence (p < 0.05). Survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 94.5%, 65.3%, and 21.7%, respectively. Discussion: Radiofrequency ablation is a safe procedure and allows local tumor control in lesions less than 30 mm (local recurrence of 6%) and provides survival benefits in patients with recurrent colorectal liver metastases.
Comparison of adequate relief with symptom, global, and responder endpoints in linaclotide phase 3 trials in IBS‐C
Authors: Camilleri Michael , Lembo Anthony J , Lavins Bernard J , MacDougall James E , Carson Robyn T , Williams Valerie SL , Nelson Lauren M , Shiff Steven J , Currie Mark G , Kurtz Caroline B , Johnston Jeffrey M 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundOptimal clinical trial endpoints for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS‐C) are uncertain.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to compare adequate relief (AR) to abdominal/bowel symptoms, global endpoints, and FDA and EMA responder criteria; and to use AR as an anchor to assess clinically meaningful change (CMC) in IBS‐C symptoms.MethodsUsing pooled 12‐week data from two phase 3 linaclotide clinical trials, daily abdominal/bowel symptoms and weekly global assessments were correlated with AR. Symptom CMC thresholds were estimated using AR as an anchor. Agreement between AR and FDA/EMA responder criteria was assessed.ResultsCorrelations of AR with percentage change in abdominal symptoms, bowel symptoms, and global endpoints ranged from 0.48–0.54, 0.32–0.39, and 0.61–0.71, respectively. Using AR as an anchor, CMC thresholds were 29% improvement in abdominal pain, 29% improvement in abdominal discomfort, and 0.7/week increase in CSBMs, similar to thresholds for IBS‐C responder endpoints recommended by the FDA and EMA. There was considerable agreement of weekly responder rates between AR and the FDA and EMA endpoints (on average, 70%–76% and 71%–82% of weeks with agreement, respectively).ConclusionsAR bridges IBS‐C clinical trials, putting into perspective the disparate primary endpoints recommended by professional societies and regulatory authorities, and allowing researchers, practitioners, and regulators to compare trial results.
Dyslipidemia in ART-Naive HIV-Infected Persons in Nigeria—Implications for Care
Authors: Kuti Modupe Akinrele , Adesina Olubukola Adeponle , Awolude Oluwatosin Alaba , Ogunbosi Babatunde Oluwatosin , Fayemiwo Samuel Adetona , Akinyemi Joshua Odunayo , Adetunji Adedotun Adeyinka , Irabor Achiaka Emmanuelle , Odaibo Georgina Njideka , Prosper Okonkwo , Taiwo Babafemi Olapoju , Olaleye David , Murphy Robert L. , Kanki Phyllis , Adewole Isaac Folorunso 
Published: October 2014

Aims: This study aimed to describe the prevalence and pattern of lipid abnormalities among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive HIV patients, understand if there is any relationship to virologic and immunologic status, and discuss the implications for care. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of all ART-naive HIV-infected individuals recruited into the adult ARV clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, between January and December 2006, were analyzed. Results: In total, 1316 ART-naive HIV-infected persons were recruited in the period. Females subjects and participants aged ≦35 years accounted for 67.1% and 57.7% of all participants, respectively. At least 1 abnormal lipid fraction was seen in 73.3% of participants. It was observed that in 11.5% participants the total cholesterol (TC) was ≧5.2 mmol/L, in 2.7% the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL)-C was >4.1 mmol/L in 56.5% the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)-C was <1.0 mmol/L, and in 27.6% the triglyceride (TG) was >1.7 mmol/L. The TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C were all significantly positively correlated with CD4 counts and negatively correlated with viral load. On the contrary, the TG levels were negatively correlated with CD4 counts and positively correlated with viral load. Multivariate linear analysis showed a significant relationship between all the lipid parameters and viral load. CD4 counts were only significantly associated with TC. Conclusions: A significant burden of dyslipidemia exists among ART-naive HIV-infected persons. Low HDL-C was the most frequently observed abnormality. The abnormalities related more with viral load levels than with CD4 counts. Dyslipidemia screening should be done in ART-naive HIV-infected persons. Simple healthy lifestyle changes should be emphasized, with other care given to those with the disorder.