bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Residual Oil Saturation in Near-Miscible Gasflooding Through Saturation-Dependent Tuning of the Equilibrium Constants
Authors: Patacchini Leonardo , Duchenne Sébastien , Bourgeois Marcel , Moncorgé Arthur , Pallotta Quentin 
Published: July 2015

Summary
Conventional miscible or near-miscible gasflooding simulation often overestimates oil recovery, mostly because it does not capture a series of physical effects tending to limit interphase compositional exchanges. Those can include microscopic bypassing of oil situated in dead-end pores or blocked by water films, as well as macroscopic bypassing caused by subgrid-size heterogeneities or fingering.
We here present a new engineering solution to this problem in the near-miscible case, relying on our in-house research reservoir simulator. The principle is, while using a black-oil or an equation-of-state description, to dynamically decrease the K-value of heavy components and possibly increase the K-value of light components as the oil saturation reaches the desired residual limit; this enables changing the phase boundaries when needed while preserving the original fluid behavior during the initial production stages.
The benefits of the proposed solution are demonstrated on a reservoir-conditions tertiary-gas-injection experiment, performed in our laboratories, for which residual saturations as well as oil-phase and individual-component production rates have easily and successfully been history matched. Results are then compared with matches obtained by use of saturation exclusion and α-factors methods. As a proof of concept, the suitability of the new method to simulate incomplete revaporization of condensate during gas cycling is also illustrated, on the third SPE comparative-solution-project case.
σ-ring and σ-algebra of Sets1
Authors: Endou Noboru , Nakasho Kazuhisa , Shidama Yasunari 
Published: July 2015

Summary
In this article, semiring and semialgebra of sets are formalized so as to construct a measure of a given set in the next step. Although a semiring of sets has already been formalized in [13], that is, strictly speaking, a definition of a quasi semiring of sets suggested in the last few decades [15]. We adopt a classical definition of a semiring of sets here to avoid such a confusion. Ring of sets and algebra of sets have been formalized as non empty preboolean set [23] and field of subsets [18], respectively. In the second section, definitions of a ring and a σ-ring of sets, which are based on a semiring and a ring of sets respectively, are formalized and their related theorems are proved. In the third section, definitions of an algebra and a σ-algebra of sets, which are based on a semialgebra and an algebra of sets respectively, are formalized and their related theorems are proved. In the last section, mutual relationships between σ-ring and σ-algebra of sets are formalized and some related examples are given. The formalization is based on [15], and also referred to [9] and [16].
Separability of Real Normed Spaces and Its Basic Properties
Authors: Nakasho Kazuhisa , Endou Noboru 
Published: July 2015

Summary
In this article, the separability of real normed spaces and its properties are mainly formalized. In the first section, it is proved that a real normed subspace is separable if it is generated by a countable subset. We used here the fact that the rational numbers form a dense subset of the real numbers. In the second section, the basic properties of the separable normed spaces are discussed. It is applied to isomorphic spaces via bounded linear operators and double dual spaces. In the last section, it is proved that the completeness and reflexivity are transferred to sublinear normed spaces. The formalization is based on [34], and also referred to [7], [14] and [16].
Equivalent Expressions of Direct Sum Decomposition of Groups1
Authors: Nakasho Kazuhisa , Okazaki Hiroyuki , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Shidama Yasunari 
Published: July 2015

Summary
In this article, the equivalent expressions of the direct sum decomposition of groups are mainly discussed. In the first section, we formalize the fact that the internal direct sum decomposition can be defined as normal subgroups and some of their properties. In the second section, we formalize an equivalent form of internal direct sum of commutative groups. In the last section, we formalize that the external direct sum leads an internal direct sum. We referred to [19], [18] [8] and [14] in the formalization.
Self-Correcting Neural Network for Stereo-matching Problem Solving
Authors: Laskowski Lukasz , Jelonkiewicz Jerzy 
Published: July 2015

In the present paper we describe innovative architecture of artificial neural network based on Hopfield structure - Self Correcting Neural Network (SCNN). It is implementation similar to dual mode Hopfield-like network for solving stereo matching problem. Considered network consists of basic layer of neurons implemented as analogue Hopfield-like network and supervising layer. Thanks to the supervising layer, there is a possibility of modification of the connection weights between the neurons in the basic layer. This enables the improvement of the network performance (accuracy). Authors propose a depth map use for image segmentation and objects auto-selection. High enough accuracy of these processes can be achieved when proposed network (SCNN) is applied. Similar idea can be applied also for images noise removal. In the present article we also describe in detail neurons dynamics in the basic and supervising layers of the SCNN. The network considered here was a subject of experimental tests using real stereo pictures as well as simulated stereo images. This enabled calculation of error and direct comparison with classic analogue Hopfield neural network.
Mesh Algorithms for Coxeter Spectral Classification of Cox-regular Edge-bipartite Graphs with Loops, I. Mesh Root Systems
Authors: Kasjan Stanisław , Simson Daniel 
Published: July 2015

This is the first part of our two part paper with the same title. Following our Coxeter spectral study in [Fund. Inform. [123(2013), 447-490] and [SIAM J. Discr. Math. 27(2013), 827-854] of the category 𝒰ℬigrn of loop-free edge-bipartite (signed) graphs Δ, with n ≥ 2 vertices, we study here the larger category ℛℬigrn of Cox-regular edge-bipartite graphs Δ (possibly with dotted loops), up to the usual ℤ-congruences ~Z and ≈Z. The positive graphs Δ in ℛℬigrn, with dotted loops, are studied by means of the complex Coxeter spectrum speccΔ ⊂ℂ, the irreducible mesh root systems of Dynkin types 𝔹n, n≥2,ℂn, n≥3, 𝔽4, 𝔾2, the isotropy group Gl( n, ℤ)Δ (containing the Weyl group of Δ), and by applying the matrix morsification technique introduced in [J. Pure A ppl. Algebra 215(2011), 13-24] and [Fund. Inform. [123(2013), 447-490]. One of our aims of the paper is to study the Coxeter spectral analysis question: “ Does the congruence Δ ≈ℤ Δ′ hold, for any pair of connected positive graphs Δ, Δ′∈ℛℬigrn such that speccΔ=speccΔ′ and the numbers of loops in Δ and Δ′ coincide?” We do it by a reduction to the Coxeter spectral study of the G1(n, ℤ)D-orbits in the set MorD ⊂ 𝕄n(ℤ) of matrix morsifications of a Dynkin diagram D=DΔ∈𝒰Bigrn associated with Δ. In particular, we construct in the second part of the paper numeric algorithms for computing the connected positive edge-bipartite graphs Δ in ℛℬigrn, for a fixed n ≥ 2, mesh algorithms for computing the set of all ℤ-invertible matrices B ∈ G1(n, ℤ) definining the ℤ-congruence Δ≈ℤΔ', for positive graphs Δ, Δ′∈ℛℬigrn, with n ≥ 2 fixed, and mesh-type algorithms for the mesh root systems Γ(RΔ•,ΦΔ). In the first part of the paper we present an introduction to the study of Cox-regular edge-bipartite graphs Δ with dotted loops in relation with the irreducible reduced root systems and the Dynkin diagrams ℬn, n≥2, ℂn, n≥3, 𝔽4,𝔾2. Moreover, we construct a unique ΦD-mesh root system Γ(RD•, ΦD) for each of the Cox-regular edge-bipartite graphs ℬn, n≥2, Cn, n≥3, ℱ4, cal𝒢2 of the type ℬn, n≥2, ℂn, n≥3, 𝔽4,𝔾2, respectively. Our main inspiration for the study comes from the representation theory of posets, groups and algebras, Lie theory, and Diophantine geometry problems.
Latency of Neighborhood Based Recommender Systems
Authors: Chojnacki Szymon , Kłopotek Mieczysław 
Published: July 2015

Latency of user-based and item-based recommenders is evaluated. The two algorithms can deliver high quality predictions in dynamically changing environments. However, their response time depends not only on the size, but also on the structure of underlying datasets. This constitutes a major drawback when compared to two other competitive approaches i.e. content-based and model-based systems. Therefore, we believe that there exists a need for comprehensive evaluation of the latency of the two algorithms. During a typical worst case scenario analysis of collaborative filtering algorithms two assumption are made. The first assumption says that data are stored in dense collections. The second assumption states that large amount of computations can be performed in advance during the training phase. As a result it is advised to deploy user-based system when the number of users is relatively small. Item-based algorithms are believed to have better technical properties when the number of items is small. We consider a situation in which the two assumptions are not necessarily met. We show that even though the latency of the two methods depends heavily on the proportion of users to items, this factor does not differentiate the two methods. We evaluate the algorithms with several real-life datasets. We augment the analysis with both graph-theoretical and experimental techniques.
Adventitious root primordia formation and development in stem nodes of ‘Georgia Jet’ sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas
Authors: Ma Jun , Aloni Roni , Villordon Arthur , Labonte Don , Kfir Yanir , Zemach Hanita , Schwartz Amnon , Althan Leviah , Firon Nurit 
Published: July 2015

• Premise of the study: Yield in sweetpotato is determined by the number of storage roots produced per plant. Storage roots develop from adventitious roots (ARs) present in stem cuttings that serve as propagation material. Data on the origin of sweetpotato ARs and the effect of nodal position on AR establishment and further development are limited.• Methods: We anatomically described root primordium initiation using stem sections and measured number of root primordia formed at different nodal positions using light microscopy and correlated nodal positions with AR number and length 14 d after planting (DAP).• Key results: Primordia for ARs initiate at the junction of the stem pith ray and the cambium, on both sides of the leaf gap, and they are well developed before emerging from the stem. The number of ARs that develop from isolated stem nodes 14 DAP corresponded to the number of AR primordia detected inside the stem. The total length of established roots at nodes 9–13 from the apex is about 2‐fold longer than at nodes 5–8.• Conclusions: Nodal position (age) has a significant effect on the developmental status and number of root primordia inside the stem, determining the number and length of ARs that have developed by 14 DAP. Adventitious roots originating from nodes 9–13 possess similar AR systems and develop better than those originating from younger nodes 3–8. The mechanism regulating AR initiation in nodes is discussed. This system can serve for studying the effect of environmental conditions on AR initiation, development, and capacity to form storage roots.
Selective Expression of the MAPK Phosphatase Dusp9/MKP-4 in Mouse Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Regulation of IFN-β Production
Authors: Niedzielska Magdalena , Raffi Faizal A. M. , Tel Jurjen , Muench Sandra , Jozefowski Katrin , Alati Nour , Lahl Katharina , Mages Jörg , Billmeier Ulrike , Schiemann Matthias , Appelt Uwe K. , Wirtz Stefan , Sparwasser Tim , Hochrein Hubertus , Figdor Carl G. , Keyse Stephen M. , Lang Roland 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) efficiently produce large amounts of type I IFN in response to TLR7 and TLR9 ligands, whereas conventional DCs (cDCs) predominantly secrete high levels of the cytokines IL-10 and IL-12. The molecular basis underlying this distinct phenotype is not well understood. In this study, we identified the MAPK phosphatase Dusp9/MKP-4 by transcriptome analysis as selectively expressed in pDCs, but not cDCs. We confirmed the constitutive expression of Dusp9 at the protein level in pDCs generated in vitro by culture with Flt3 ligand and ex vivo in sorted splenic pDCs. Dusp9 expression was low in B220− bone marrow precursors and was upregulated during pDC differentiation, concomitant with established pDC markers. Higher expression of Dusp9 in pDCs correlated with impaired phosphorylation of the MAPK ERK1/2 upon TLR9 stimulation. Notably, Dusp9 was not expressed at detectable levels in human pDCs, although these displayed similarly impaired activation of ERK1/2 MAPK compared with cDCs. Enforced retroviral expression of Dusp9 in mouse GM-CSF–induced cDCs increased the expression of TLR9-induced IL-12p40 and IFN-β, but not of IL-10. Conditional deletion of Dusp9 in pDCs was effectively achieved in Dusp9flox/flox; CD11c-Cre mice at the mRNA and protein levels. However, the lack of Dusp9 in pDC did not restore ERK1/2 activation after TLR9 stimulation and only weakly affected IFN-β and IL-12p40 production. Taken together, our results suggest that expression of Dusp9 is sufficient to impair ERK1/2 activation and enhance IFN-β expression. However, despite selective expression in pDCs, Dusp9 is not essential for high-level IFN-β production by these cells.
Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Attenuates Airway Inflammation in Mice by Suppressing NF-κB Activity in Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Kurakula Kondababu , Vos Mariska , Logiantara Adrian , Roelofs Joris J. , Nieuwenhuis Maartje A. , Koppelman Gerard H. , Postma Dirkje S. , van Rijt Leonie S. , de Vries Carlie J. M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Allergic asthma is characterized by persistent chronic airway inflammation, which leads to mucus hypersecretion and airway hyperresponsiveness. Nuclear receptor Nur77 plays a pivotal role in distinct immune and inflammatory cells and is expressed in eosinophils and lung epithelium. However, the role of Nur77 in allergic airway inflammation has not been studied so far. In the present study, we determined the role of Nur77 in airway inflammation using a murine model of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation. We found that OVA-challenged Nur77 knockout (KO) mice show significantly enhanced infiltration of inflammatory cells, including eosinophils and lymphocytes, and aggravated mucus production. The infiltration of macrophages is limited in this model and was similar in wild-type and Nur77 KO mice. Higher levels of Th2 cytokines were found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and draining lymph node cells of Nur77-KO mice, as well as increased serum IgG1 and IgG2a levels. Knockdown of Nur77 in human lung epithelial cells resulted in a marked increase in IκBα phosphorylation, corresponding with elevated NF-κB activity, whereas Nur77 overexpression decreased NF-κB activity. Consistently, Nur77 significantly decreased mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines and Muc5ac expression and also attenuated mucus production in lung epithelial cells. To further corroborate these findings, we searched for association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Nur77 gene with asthma and with the severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. We identified three Nur77 single nucleotide polymorphisms showing association with severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma patients. Collectively, these findings support a protective role of Nur77 in OVA-induced airway inflammation and identify Nur77 as a novel therapeutic target for airway inflammation.
Innate Response to Human Cancer Cells with or without IL-2 Receptor Common γ-Chain Function in NOD Background Mice Lacking Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Nishime Chiyoko , Kawai Kenji , Yamamoto Takehiro , Katano Ikumi , Monnai Makoto , Goda Nobuhito , Mizushima Tomoko , Suemizu Hiroshi , Nakamura Masato , Murata Mitsuru , Suematsu Makoto , Wakui Masatoshi 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Immunodeficient hosts exhibit high acceptance of xenogeneic or neoplastic cells mainly due to lack of adaptive immunity, although it still remains to be elucidated how innate response affects the engraftment. IL-2R common γ-chain (IL-2Rγc) signaling is required for development of NK cells and a subset of dendritic cells producing IFN-γ. To better understand innate response in the absence of adaptive immunity, we examined amounts of metastatic foci in the livers after intrasplenic transfer of human colon cancer HCT116 cells into NOD/SCID versus NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγcnull (NOG) hosts. The intravital microscopic imaging of livers in the hosts depleted of NK cells and/or macrophages revealed that IL-2Rγc function critically contributes to elimination of cancer cells without the need for NK cells and macrophages. In the absence of IL-2Rγc, macrophages play a role in the defense against tumors despite the NOD Sirpa allele, which allows human CD47 to bind to the encoded signal regulatory protein α to inhibit macrophage phagocytosis of human cells. Analogous experiments using human pancreas cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells provided findings roughly similar to those from the experiments using HCT116 cells except for lack of suppression of metastases by macrophages in NOG hosts. Administration of mouse IFN-γ to NOG hosts appeared to partially compensate lack of IL-2Rγc–dependent elimination of transferred HCT116 cells. These results provide insights into the nature of innate response in the absence of adaptive immunity, aiding in developing tumor xenograft models in experimental oncology.
Oil-in-Water Emulsion MF59 Increases Germinal Center B Cell Differentiation and Persistence in Response to Vaccination
Authors: Lofano Giuseppe , Mancini Francesca , Salvatore Giulia , Cantisani Rocco , Monaci Elisabetta , Carrisi Corrado , Tavarini Simona , Sammicheli Chiara , Rossi Paccani Silvia , Soldaini Elisabetta , Laera Donatello , Finco Oretta , Nuti Sandra , Rappuoli Rino , De Gregorio Ennio , Bagnoli Fabio , Bertholet Sylvie 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Induction of persistent protective immune responses is a key attribute of a successful vaccine formulation. MF59 adjuvant, an oil-in-water emulsion used in human vaccines, is known to induce persistent high-affinity functional Ab titers and memory B cells, but how it really shapes the Ag-specific B cell compartment is poorly documented. In this study, we characterized the Ab- and Ag-specific B cell compartment in wild-type mice immunized with HlaH35L, a Staphylococcus aureus Ag known to induce measurable functional Ab responses, formulated with MF59 or aluminum salts, focusing on germinal centers (GC) in secondary lymphoid organs. Taking advantage of single-cell flow cytometry analyses, HlaH35L-specific B cells were characterized for the expression of CD38 and GL-7, markers of memory and GC, respectively, and for CD80 and CD73 activation markers. We demonstrated that immunization with MF59-, but not aluminum salt–adjuvanted HlaH35L, induced expanded Ag-specific CD73+CD80− GC B cells in proximal- and distal-draining lymph nodes, and promoted the persistence of GC B cells, detected up to 4 mo after immunization. In addition to increasing GC B cells, MF59-adjuvanted HlaH35L also increased the frequency of T follicular helper cells. This work extends previous knowledge regarding adaptive immune responses to MF59-adjuvanted vaccines, and, to our knowledge, for the first time an adjuvant used in human licensed products is shown to promote strong and persistent Ag-specific GC responses that might benefit the rational design of new vaccination strategies.
DC-SCRIPT Regulates IL-10 Production in Human Dendritic Cells by Modulating NF-κBp65 Activation
Authors: Søndergaard Jonas Nørskov , Poghosyan Susanna , Hontelez Saartje , Louche Pauline , Looman Maaike W. G. , Ansems Marleen , Adema Gosse J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The balance between tolerance and immunity is important for the outcome of an infection or cancer, and dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of this balance. DC-specific transcript (DC-SCRIPT) is a protein expressed by DCs and has been demonstrated to suppress both TLR-mediated expression of IL-10 and glucocorticoid receptor–mediated transcription of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ). Because GILZ is known to promote IL-10 production, we investigated whether these two processes are linked. Dual-knockdown and inhibition experiments demonstrated that neither GILZ nor glucocorticoid receptor play a role in TLR-induced IL-10 production after DC-SCRIPT knockdown. The NF-κB pathway is another route involved in IL-10 production after DC activation. Strikingly, inhibition of NF-κB led to a decreased TLR-mediated IL-10 production in DC-SCRIPT knockdown DCs. Moreover, DC-SCRIPT knockdown DCs showed enhanced phosphorylation, acetylation, and IL10 enhancer binding of the NF-κB subunit p65. These data demonstrate that besides nuclear receptor regulation, DC-SCRIPT also modulates activation of NF-κBp65 after TLR activation in human DCs.
β-Glucuronidase, a Regulator of Lyme Arthritis Severity, Modulates Lysosomal Trafficking and MMP-9 Secretion in Response to Inflammatory Stimuli
Authors: Bramwell Kenneth K. C. , Mock Kelton , Ma Ying , Weis John H. , Teuscher Cory , Weis Janis J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe lysosomal enzyme β-glucuronidase (Gusb) is a key regulator of Lyme-associated and K/B×N-induced arthritis severity. The luminal enzymes present in lysosomes provide essential catabolic functions for the homeostatic degradation of a variety of macromolecules. In addition to this essential catabolic function, lysosomes play important roles in the inflammatory response following infection. Secretory lysosomes and related vesicles can participate in the inflammatory response through fusion with the plasma membrane and release of bioactive contents into the extracellular milieu. In this study, we show that GUSB hypomorphism potentiates lysosomal exocytosis following inflammatory stimulation. This leads to elevated secretion of lysosomal contents, including glycosaminoglycans, lysosomal hydrolases, and matrix metalloproteinase 9, a known modulator of Lyme arthritis severity. This mechanistic insight led us to test the efficacy of rapamycin, a drug known to suppress lysosomal exocytosis. Both Lyme and K/B×N-associated arthritis were suppressed by this treatment concurrent with reduced lysosomal release.