bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of experience on tuning properties of macaque MTL neurons in a passive viewing task
Authors: Thome Alexander , Erickson Cynthia A. , Lipa Peter , Barnes Carol A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe structures of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) have been shown to be causally involved in episodic and recognition memory. However, recent work in a number of species has demonstrated that impairments in recognition memory seen following lesions of the perirhinal cortex (PRh) can be accounted for by deficits in perceptual discrimination. These findings suggest that object representation, rather than explicit recognition memory signals, may be crucial to the mnemonic process. Given the large amount of visual information encountered by primates, there must be a reconsideration of the mechanisms by which the brain efficiently stores visually presented information. Previous neurophysiological recordings from MTL structures in primates have largely focused on tasks that implicitly define object familiarity (i.e., novel vs. familiar) or contain significant mnemonic demands (e.g., conditional associations between two stimuli), limiting their utility in understanding the mechanisms underlying visual object recognition and information storage. To clarify how different regions in the MTL may contribute to visual recognition, we recorded from three rhesus macaques performing a passive viewing task. The task design systematically varies the relative familiarity of different stimuli enabling an examination of how neural activity changes as a function of experience. The data collected during this passive viewing task revealed that neurons in the MTL are generally not sensitive to the relative familiarity of a stimulus. In addition, when the specificity (i.e., which images a neuron was selective for) of individual neurons was analyzed, there was a significant dissociation between different medial temporal regions, with only neurons in TF, but not CA3 or the PRh, altering their activity as stimuli became familiar. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of how MTL structures process information during a passive viewing paradigm. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The First Stereoselective Total Synthesis of a Naturally Occurring Bioactive Diarylheptanoid, (3R,6E)‐1,7‐Bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)hept‐6‐en‐3‐ol, through Two Different Approaches
Authors: Kashanna Jajula , Jangili Paramesh , Kumar Rathod Aravind , Das Biswanath 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe stereoselective total synthesis of a naturally occurring bioactive diarylheptanoid, (3R,6E)‐1,7‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)hept‐6‐en‐3‐ol, has been accomplished starting from 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde through two different approaches involving Wittig olefination, hydrolytic kinetic resolution of a racemic epoxide, and olefin cross‐metathesis reaction as the key steps.
Two New Neolignans from the Stems of Syringa pinnatifoliaHemsl. var. alashanensis
Authors: Wang Qing‐Hu , Ao Wu‐Li‐Ji , Wu Qishishan , Ying Xin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTwo new neolignans, syripinnalignins A and B (1 and 2, resp.), were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of the stem of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. var. alashanensis. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques.
Transitioning sediment quality assessment into regulations: Challenges and solutions in implementing California's sediment quality objectives
Authors: Beegan Chris , Bay Steven M 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Development and promulgation of sediment quality criteria represents a substantial challenge for water quality agencies. Unlike water quality programs that rely on individual chemical thresholds to assess water quality, the complex processes affecting contaminant bioavailability in sediments preclude the use of contaminant concentrations to independently assess impacts or identify cause. Various multiple line of evidence approaches (e.g., sediment quality triad) have been developed for sediment quality assessment, but such frameworks are rarely fully incorporated into statewide regulatory programs due to a lack of standardized and validated tools. In 2003, California's State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board) initiated development of sediment quality criteria and an assessment framework that required the developers to resolve many challenging technical and policy related issues to the satisfaction of stakeholders, scientists, and the general public. The first part of this multiyear effort has been completed and resulted in the development and validation of an integrated collection of tools, thresholds, and a data interpretation framework for assessing sediment contamination impacts on benthic community condition. The State Water Board's narrative sediment quality criteria and assessment framework became effective in 2009, following US Environmental Protection Agency approval. The results of this effort are described in a series of 6 articles published in this issue of Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. The articles describe: 1) a multiple line of evidence framework for data integration and assessment, 2) calibration and evaluation of sediment quality guidelines for predicting toxic responses, 3) development and evaluation of sediment quality guidelines with respect to benthic macrofauna responses, 4) selection of toxicity test methods and thresholds, 5) identification and characterization of benthic community assemblages, 6) the effect of sampling methods on benthic community assessment, and 7) recommendations on improving the assessment of contaminant exposure in sediment quality assessment. This collection of articles illustrates the steps needed to improve the scientific foundation for sediment quality assessment in regulatory applications. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012; 8: 586–588. © 2012 SETAC
Initial preclinical safety of non‐replicating human endogenous retrovirus envelope protein‐coated baculovirus vector‐based vaccines against human papillomavirus
Authors: Han Su‐Eun , Kim Mi‐Gyeong , Lee Soondong , Cho Hee‐Jeong , Byun Youngro , Kim Sujeong , Kim Young Bong , Choi Yongseok , Oh Yu‐Kyoung 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTHuman endogenous retrovirus (HERV) envelope protein‐coated, baculovirus vector‐based HPV 16 L1 (AcHERV‐HPV16L1) is a non‐replicating recombinant baculoviral vaccine. Here, we report an initial evaluation of the preclinical safety of AcHERV‐HPV16L1 vaccine. In an acute toxicity study, a single administration of AcHERV‐HPV16L1 DNA vaccine given intramuscularly (i.m.) to mice at a dose of 1 × 108 plaque‐forming units (PFU) did not cause significant changes in body weight compared with vehicle‐treated controls. It did cause a brief increase in the weights of some organs on day 15 post‐treatment, but by day 30, all organ weights were not significantly different from those in the vehicle‐treated control group. No hematological changes were observed on day 30 post‐treatment. In a range‐finding toxicity study with three doses of 1 × 107, 2 × 107 and 5 × 107 PFU once daily for 5 days, the group treated with 5 × 107 PFU showed a transient decrease in the body weights from day 5 to day 15 post‐treatment, but recovery to the levels similar to those in the vehicle‐treated control group by post‐treatment day 20. Organ weights were slightly higher for lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and liver after repeated dosing with 5 × 107 PFU on day 15, but had normalized by day 30. Moreover, repeated administration of AcHERV‐HPV16L1 did not induce myosin‐specific autoantibody in serum, and did not cause immune complex deposition or tissue damage at injection sites. Taken together, these results provide preliminary evidence of the preclinical safety of AcHERV‐based HPV16L1 DNA vaccines in mice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiphoton imaging of freezing and heating effects in plant leaves
Authors: Breunig Hans Georg , Tümer Fatma , König Karsten 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThermally‐induced changes in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves were investigated with a novel cryo microscope by multiphoton, fluorescence lifetime and spectral imaging as well as micro spectroscopy. Samples were excited with fs pulses in the near‐infrared range and cooled/heated in a cryogenic chamber. The results show morphological changes in the chloroplast distribution as well as a shift from chlorophyll to cell‐wall fluorescence with decreasing temperature. At temperatures below –40 °C, also second harmonic generation was observed. The measurements illustrate the suitability of multiphoton imaging to investigate thermally‐induced changes at temperatures used for cryopreservation as well as for basic investigations of thermal effects on plant tissue in general (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Imaging of ex vivo nonmelanoma skin cancers in the optical and terahertz spectral regions Optical and Terahertz skin cancers imaging
Authors: Joseph Cecil S. , Patel Rakesh , Neel Victor A. , Giles Robert H. , Yaroslavsky Anna N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that polarization sensitive optical and terahertz imaging may be combined for accurate nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) delineation. Nine NMSC specimens were imaged. 513 μm and 440 nm wavelengths were used for terahertz and optical imaging, respectively. Histopathology was processed for evaluation. Terahertz reflectance of NMSC was quantified. Our results demonstrate that cross‐polarized terahertz images correctly identified location of the tumours, whereas cross‐polarized and polarization difference optical images accurately presented morphological features. Cross‐polarized terahertz images exhibited lower reflectivity values in cancer as compared to normal tissue. Combination of optical and terahertz imaging shows promise for intraoperative delineation of NMSC (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of silver‐containing activated carbon fiber for wound healing study: In vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lin Yu‐Hsin , Lin Jui‐Hsiang , Wang Shih‐Hao , Ko Tse‐Hao , Tseng Guan‐Chin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSilver has antiseptic properties, anti‐inflammatory properties, and is a broad‐spectrum antibiotic for multidrug‐resistant strains of bacteria. The commercially available product, Silverlon®, is a silver‐plated three‐dimensional polyamide fabric with a high silver concentration of 546 mg/100 cm2. Thus, fibroblast cell growth is affected when exposed to the Silverlon® treated cell medium. Our study produced an activated carbon fiber wound dressing that incorporated various silver concentrations (in cooperation of Bio‐Medical Carbon Technology) to examine antimicrobial properties and determine fibroblast cell viability upon exposure to the silver impregnated dressing material as compared to other commercially available products such as calcium alginate dressing, Sorbalgon®, and silver‐polyamide fabric dressing, Silverlon®. The silver impregnated activated carbon fiber dressing induced less damage to fibroblast cells compared to the effect produced by Silverlon® and exhibited similar antibacterial abilities in vitro. An in vivo analysis showed that various silver concentrations impregnated activated carbon fiber dressings promoted tissue reconstruction for wound healing in rats with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected wounds. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Liquefied biomass derived plasticizer for polylactide
Authors: Azwar Edwin , Yin Bo , Hakkarainen Minna 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The valorization of renewable agro‐industrial residues and their further utilization for production of polymers and polymer additives is a highly attractive alternative for replacement of oil‐based materials.RESULTS: Liquefied wood flour and rice bran derived esters were synthesized and evaluated as novel green plasticizers for polylactide (PLA). The liquefied wood flour ester (PWF) showed good miscibility with PLA and good plasticization efficiency as shown by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile testing. Tensile strain at break increased from a few percent for pure PLA to over 100 and 300% for the materials containing 10 and 30 wt‐% of PWF. The addition of PWF accelerated the hydrolysis rate of PLA as shown by faster weight loss during aging in water and faster formation of water‐soluble lactic acid oligomers, which was shown by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) analysis of the migrants. The liquefied rice bran based product (PRB) was not miscible with PLA and it did not improve the elongation at break of PLA. Rice bran is generally rich in arabinoxylans with only secondary less reactive alcohol groups. The larger number of un‐reacted hydroxyl‐groups in PRB was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and could explain the immiscibility with PLA.CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that the synthesized liquefied wood flour derived plasticizer could have great potential as a biobased polylactide plasticizer. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Architectural specialization of the intrinsic thoracic limb musculature of the American badger (Taxidea taxus)
Authors: Moore Alexis L. , Budny Joseph E. , Russell Anthony P. , Butcher Michael T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEvaluation of the relationships between muscle structure and digging function in fossorial species is limited. Badgers and other fossorial specialists are expected to have massive forelimb muscles with long fascicles capable of substantial shortening for high power and applying high out‐force to the substrate. To explore this hypothesis, we quantified muscle architecture in the thoracic limb of the American badger (Taxidea taxus) and estimated the force, power, and joint torque of its intrinsic musculature in relation to the use of scratch‐digging behavior. Architectural properties measured were muscle mass, belly length, fascicle length, pennation angle, and physiological cross‐sectional area. Badgers possess hypertrophied shoulder flexors/humeral retractors, elbow extensors, and digital flexors. The triceps brachii is particularly massive and has long fascicles with little pennation, muscle architecture consistent with substantial shortening capability, and high power. A unique feature of badgers is that, in addition to elbow joint extension, two biarticular heads (long and medial) of the triceps are capable of applying high torques to the shoulder joint to facilitate retraction of the forelimb throughout the power stroke. The massive and complex digital flexors show relatively greater pennation and shorter fascicle lengths than the triceps brachii, as well as compartmentalization of muscle heads to accentuate both force production and range of shortening during flexion of the carpus and digits. Muscles of most functional groups exhibit some degree of specialization for high force production and are important for stabilizing the shoulder, elbow, and carpal joints against high limb forces generated during powerful digging motions. Overall, our findings support the hypothesis and indicate that forelimb muscle architecture is consistent with specializations for scratch‐digging. Quantified muscle properties in the American badger serve as a comparator to evaluate the range of diversity in muscle structure and contractile function that exists in mammals specialized for fossorial habits. J. Morphol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advances in musculoskeletal MRI: Technical considerations
Authors: Shapiro Lauren , Harish Monica , Hargreaves Brian , Staroswiecki Ernesto , Gold Garry 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe technology of musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is advancing at a dramatic rate. MRI is now done at medium and higher field strengths with more specialized surface coils and with more variable pulse sequences and postprocessing techniques than ever before. These innumerable technical advances are advantageous as they lead to an increased signal‐to‐noise ratio and increased variety of soft‐tissue contrast options. However, at the same time they potentially produce more imaging artifacts when compared with past techniques. Substantial technical advances have considerable clinical challenges in musculoskeletal radiology such as postoperative patient imaging, cartilage mapping, and molecular imaging. In this review we consider technical advances in hardware and software of musculoskeletal MRI along with their clinical applications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:775–787. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling of electromechanical devices by GPU‐accelerated integral formulation
Authors: Musolino Antonino , Rizzo Rocco , Tripodi Ernesto , Toni Michele 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThis paper discusses the practical implementation on graphics processing unit (GPU) of a computer code for the analysis of electromechanical devices. The software is based on a low frequency integral formulation of the Maxwell equations coupled with the rigid body dynamic equations. The formulation here considered is based on the development of an equivalent network whose parameters are functions of the relative positions and of the velocities of the subparts of the device. Positions and velocities on their turn depend on the force between them that are functions of the electromagnetic quantities. The choice of the numerical methods to manage such a complex coupled problem is an open issue in the electromagnetic community. The use of multicore CPUs can reduce the computation times, but a true breakthrough is achieved by running these codes on GPUs. The practical implementation of an existing code is used as a case study for discussing a number of issues that may arise in the implementation of other GPU‐accelerated electromagnetic codes. The implementation here reported has been designed for a multi‐GPUs environment where the efficient cooperation between GPUs is a further aspect to be considered. The overall performance of the accelerated code has been evaluated by considering the dynamic analysis of a passive magnetic bearing. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 in children with orthopedic diseases: Potential role in predicting bone healing
Authors: Granchi Donatella , Devescovi Valentina , Pratelli Loredana , Verri Elisabetta , Magnani Marina , Donzelli Onofrio , Baldini Nicola 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2) plays an important role in the early phases of bone healing. In this study, we measured FGF‐2 serum levels in 88 children undergoing surgical treatment for congenital (n = 49) or acquired (n = 39) orthopedic conditions, which were associated (n = 35) or not (n = 53) with bone lesions, to assess whether serum levels of FGF‐2 varied according to the underlying disease and may predict clinical outcomes. FGF‐2 serum levels were significantly lower in patients who did not heal after surgery (p = 0.008). Diagnostic accuracy was validated statistically, and the ROC curve provided a threshold value useful in discriminating good versus poor outcomes. The relationship between FGF‐2 and bone healing was supported by in vitro experiments. A mineralization assay was performed on bone marrow stromal cells from three patients with congenital pseudarthrosis, who had low serum levels of FGF‐2 and a poor clinical outcome after surgical treatment. Autologous serum alone was not sufficient to induce in vitro mineralization, but it did occur when cells were cultured with different sources of exogenous growth factors (GFs), including recombinant FGF‐2 and homologous serum collected from children with fractures, high FGF‐2 levels, and a good clinical outcome. In conclusion, our findings suggest that osteoinductive GFs are essential for bone repair, and that the amount of circulating FGF‐2 may predict bone healing. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 249–256, 2013
Reversible oxygen‐tolerant hydrogenase carried by free‐living N2‐fixing bacteria isolated from the rhizospheres of rice, maize, and wheat
Authors: Roumagnac Philippe , Richaud Pierre , Barakat Mohamed , Ortet Philippe , Roncato Marie‐Anne , Heulin Thierry , Peltier Gilles , Achouak Wafa , Cournac Laurent 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHydrogen production by microorganisms is often described as a promising sustainable and clean energy source, but still faces several obstacles, which prevent practical application. Among them, oxygen sensitivity of hydrogenases represents one of the major limitations hampering the biotechnological implementation of photobiological production processes. Here, we describe a hierarchical biodiversity‐based approach, including a chemochromic screening of hydrogenase activity of hundreds of bacterial strains collected from several ecosystems, followed by mass spectrometry measurements of hydrogenase activity of a selection of the H2‐oxidizing bacterial strains identified during the screen. In all, 131 of 1266 strains, isolated from cereal rhizospheres and basins containing irradiating waste, were scored as H2‐oxidizing bacteria, including Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Rahnella sp., Burkholderia sp., and Ralstonia sp. isolates. Four free‐living N2‐fixing bacteria harbored a high and oxygen‐tolerant hydrogenase activity, which was not fully inhibited within entire cells up to 150–250 μmol/L O2 concentration or within soluble protein extracts up to 25–30 μmol/L. The only hydrogenase‐related genes that we could reveal in these strains were of the hyc type (subunits of formate hydrogenlyase complex). The four free‐living N2‐fixing bacteria were closely related to Enterobacter radicincitans based on the sequences of four genes (16S rRNA, rpoB, hsp60, and hycE genes). These results should bring interesting prospects for microbial biohydrogen production and might have ecophysiological significance for bacterial adaptation to the oxic–anoxic interfaces in the rhizosphere.
Intra‐flap thrombosis secondary to acute sickle crisis: A case report
Authors: Mcanneny Alison , Durden Frederick , Pearson Gregory D. , Tiwari Pankaj 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe present the case of a 40‐year‐old patient with sickle cell trait who underwent bilateral breast reconstruction with microvascular TRAM flap transfer. Intraoperatively, the patient developed arterial anastomotic thrombosis of the right breast flap. The left breast flap had already been harvested and was placed on ice. Both anastomoses were then successfully completed. Postoperatively, the patient developed a pulmonary embolism and heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia. On postoperative day 12, the left cutaneous Doppler signals were lost, and exploration revealed a thrombosed pedicle and nonviable left breast flap. Pathologic specimen evaluation revealed sickled cells within the flap microvasculature. We believe that prolonged ischemia time and hypothermia precipitated erythrocyte sickling within the flap, causing intra‐flap thrombosis that propagated to the pedicle. While sickle cell diseases are not a contraindication to free tissue transfer, we believe that flap cooling should be utilized with caution in this circumstance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microsurgical reconstruction of the smile—contemporary trends
Authors: Momeni Arash , Chang James , Khosla Rohit K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe treatment of facial palsy is a complex and challenging area of plastic surgery. Microsurgical innovation has introduced the modern age of dynamic reconstruction for facial palsy. This review will focus on microsurgical reconstruction for smile restoration in patients with long‐standing facial palsy. The most common donor muscles and nerves will be presented. The advantages and disadvantages of single‐stage versus multi‐stage reconstruction will be discussed. Contemporary trends will be highlighted and the authors' preferred practice outlined. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013