bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CP-violating observables of four-body $$B_{(s)} \rightarrow (\pi \pi )(K\bar{K})$$ decays in perturbative QCD
Authors: Yan Da-Cheng , Yan Yan , Rui Zhou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this work, we investigate six helicity amplitudes of the four-body $$B_{(s)} \rightarrow (\pi \pi )(K\bar{K})$$

B

(
s
)

→

(
π
π
)

(
K

K

¯

)

decays via an angular analysis in the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach. The $$\pi \pi $$

π
π

invariant mass spectrum is dominated by the vector resonance $$\rho (770)$$

ρ
(
770
)

together with scalar resonance $$f_0(980)$$

f
0

(
980
)

, while the vector resonance $$\phi (1020)$$

ϕ
(
1020
)

and scalar resonance $$f_0(980)$$

f
0

(
980
)

are expected to contribute in the $$K\bar{K}$$

K

K

¯

invariant mass range. We extract the two-body branching ratios $$\mathcal{B}(B_{(s)}\rightarrow \rho \phi )$$

B
(

B

(
s
)

→
ρ
ϕ
)

from the corresponding four-body decays $$B_{(s)}\rightarrow \rho \phi \rightarrow (\pi \pi )(K \bar{K})$$

B

(
s
)

→
ρ
ϕ
→

(
π
π
)

(
K

K

¯

)

based on the narrow width approximation. The predicted $$\mathcal{B}(B^0_{s}\rightarrow \rho \phi )$$

B
(

B
s
0

→
ρ
ϕ
)

agrees well with the current experimental data within errors. The longitudinal polarization fractions of the $$B_{(s)}\rightarrow \rho \phi $$

B

(
s
)

→
ρ
ϕ

decays are found to be as large as $$90\%$$

90
%

, basically consistent with the previous two-body predictions within uncertainties. In addition to the direct CP asymmetries, the triple-product asymmetries (TPAs) originating from the interference among various helicity amplitudes are also presented for the first time. Since the $$B_s^0\rightarrow \rho ^0\phi \rightarrow (\pi ^+\pi ^-)(K^+K^-)$$

B
s
0

→

ρ
0

ϕ
→

(

π
+

π
-

)

(

K
+

K
-

)

decay is induced by both tree and penguin operators, the values of the $$\mathcal{A}^\textrm{CP}_\textrm{dir}$$

A

dir
CP

and $$\mathcal{A}^{1}_{\text {T-true}}$$

A

T-true
1

are calculated to be $$(21.8^{+2.7}_{-3.3})\%$$

(
21
.

8

-
3.3

+
2.7

)
%

and $$(-10.23^{+1.73}_{-1.56})\%$$

(
-
10
.

23

-
1.56

+
1.73

)
%

respectively. While for pure penguin decays $$B^0\rightarrow \rho ^0\phi \rightarrow (\pi ^+\pi ^-)(K^+K^-)$$

B
0

→

ρ
0

ϕ
→

(

π
+

π
-

)

(

K
+

K
-

)

and $$B^+\rightarrow \rho ^+\phi \rightarrow (\pi ^+\pi ^0)(K^+K^-)$$

B
+

→

ρ
+

ϕ
→

(

π
+

π
0

)

(

K
+

K
-

)

, both the direct CP asymmetries and “true” TPAs are naturally expected to be zero in the standard model (SM) due to the absence of the weak phase difference. The “fake” TPAs requiring no weak phase difference are usually none zero for all considered decay channels. The sizable “fake” $$\mathcal{A}^{1}_{\text {T-fake}}=(-20.92^{+6.26}_{-2.80})\%$$

A

T-fake
1

=

(
-
20
.

92

-
2.80

+
6.26

)

%

of the $$B^0\rightarrow \rho ^0\phi \rightarrow (\pi ^+\pi ^-)(K^+K^-)$$

B
0

→

ρ
0

ϕ
→

(

π
+

π
-

)

(

K
+

K
-

)

decay is predicted in the PQCD approach, which provides valuable information on the final-state interactions. The above predictions can be tested by the future LHCb and Belle-II experiments.
Time-Restricted Feeding Reduces Atherosclerosis in LDLR KO Mice but Not in ApoE Knockout Mice
Authors: Chaix Amandine , Lin Terry , Ramms Bastian , Cutler Roy G. , Le Tiffani , Lopez Catherine , Miu Phuong , Pinto Antonio F.M. , Saghatelian Alan , Playford Martin P. , Mehta Nehal N. , Mattson Mark P. , Gordts Philip , Witztum Joseph L. , Panda Satchidananda 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Dyslipidemia increases cardiovascular disease risk, the leading cause of death worldwide. Under time-restricted feeding (TRF), wherein food intake is restricted to a consistent window of <12 hours, weight gain, glucose intolerance, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia are all reduced in mice fed an obesogenic diet. LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) mutations are a major cause of familial hypercholesterolemia and early-onset cardiovascular disease.

METHODS:
We subjected benchmark preclinical models, mice lacking LDLR-knockout or ApoE knockout to ad libitum feeding of an isocaloric atherogenic diet either ad libitum or 9 hours TRF for up to 13 weeks and assessed disease development, mechanism, and global changes in hepatic gene expression and plasma lipids. In a regression model, a subset of LDLR-knockout mice were ad libitum fed and then subject to TRF.

RESULTS:
TRF could significantly attenuate weight gain, hypercholesterolemia, and atherosclerosis in mice lacking the LDLR-knockout mice under experimental conditions of both prevention and regression. In LDLR-knockout mice, increased hepatic expression of genes mediating β-oxidation during fasting is associated with reduced VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) secretion and lipid accumulation. Additionally, increased sterol catabolism coupled with fecal loss of cholesterol and bile acids contributes to the atheroprotective effect of TRF. Finally, TRF alone or combined with a cholesterol-free diet can reduce atherosclerosis in LDLR-knockout mice. However, mice lacking ApoE, which is an important protein for hepatic lipoprotein reuptake do not respond to TRF.

CONCLUSIONS:
In a preclinical animal model, TRF is effective in both the prevention and regression of atherosclerosis in LDLR knockout mice. The results suggest TRF alone or in combination with a low-cholesterol diet can be a lifestyle intervention for reducing cardiovascular disease risk in humans.
Childhood Adiposity and Risk of Major Clinical Heart Diseases in Adulthood: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Xiong Yan , Tang Yijia , Zhou Jie , Tian Yang , Chen Fuli , Li Gang , Huang Hui , Huang Hao , Zhou Long 
Published: August 2024

Background
The causal relationship between childhood adiposity and adult risk of heart diseases has not been clearly demonstrated. This study aims to ascertain whether genetically predicted childhood body mass index (BMI) and childhood obesity are causally associated with adult coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary heart disease.

Methods and Results
To investigate the causative relationships and underlying mechanisms between childhood adiposity and adult heart diseases, 3 main methods of Mendelian randomization were used: 2‐sample Mendelian randomization, multivariable Mendelian randomization with controlling for several cardiometabolic risk variables, and mediation analysis. Every 1‐SD rise in genetically predicted childhood body mass index was associated with 24% (odds ratio [OR], 1.24 [95% CI, 1.12–1.37]), 28% (OR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.14–1.42]), 28% (OR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.14–1.42]), and 27% (OR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.04–1.49]) higher risk of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation, respectively. Every 1‐unit increase in log‐odds in childhood obesity was associated with 11% (OR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.06–1.16]), 14% (OR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.04–1.23]), 10% (OR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.03–1.18]), and 20% (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.08–1.32]) higher risk of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation, respectively. The link between childhood adiposity and adult heart diseases was found to be mediated by high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions
Our findings support the causal relationships between childhood adiposity and risk of adult coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Blood lipids, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes are factors that mediate the aforementioned associations.
Acute methamphetamine and alcohol usage alters gaze behaviour during driving: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Hayley Amie C , Shiferaw Brook , Aitken Blair , Rositano Joanna , Downey Luke A 
Published: July 2024

Background: Methamphetamine is frequently co-consumed with alcohol, yet combined effects on visually guided behaviours have not been experimentally assessed. This study examined whether methamphetamine and alcohol-induced changes in gaze behaviour can be accurately detected and indexed during a simulated driving task to establish characteristic patterns relevant to traffic safety. Methods: In a randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over study design, the effects of acute oral methamphetamine (0.42 mg/kg) were assessed with and without low doses of alcohol (target 0.04% blood alcohol content) on gaze behaviour during driving. Twenty healthy adults (mean age 29.5 years (SD ± 4.9), 40% female) completed four, 1-h simulated drives with simultaneous eye monitoring using the SensoMotoric Instruments cap-mounted eye tracker over a 4-week experimental paradigm. Gaze entropy measures were used to quantify visual scanning efficiency, expressed as gaze transition entropy and stationary gaze entropy. Fixations, recorded as duration (milliseconds, ms) and rate (count) per minute, were examined in 10-min bins over the duration of the drive. Driving performance was assessed by the standard deviation of lateral position, standard deviation of speed and steering variability. Results: Methamphetamine increased the rate and duration of fixations and produced a less dispersed but more disorganised pattern of gaze during highway driving while preserving performance. Alcohol alone impaired both oculomotor control and driving performance, even when consumed at levels well below the legal limit stipulated in many international jurisdictions. Conclusions: Methamphetamine-affected drivers display inefficient exploration in a limited visual range during driving. Eye-tracking metrics thus show potential for indexing intoxication due to psychoactive substance usage.
WFDC2 is a potential prognostic and immunotherapy biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Min Bo , Wang Yan 
Published: July 2024

Objective The prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), which is the most common type of lung cancer, remains poor. Little is known about the function and mechanism of whey acidic protein four-disulfide core domain 2 (WFDC2) in LUAD. Methods In this study, we used online databases to compare WFDC2 expression between LUAD and normal tissues, to analyze the relationship between WFDC2 and overall survival, and to investigate the potential roles of WFDC2. Results We found that WFDC2 protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in LUAD tissue than in normal tissue, and high WFDC2 mRNA expression was associated with better overall survival. WFDC2 mRNA expression was correlated with the mutation status of TP53. The biological function of WFDC2 was associated with the cell cycle, and low WFDC2 mRNA expression was associated with an elevated tumor mutational burden and neoantigen levels. A negative relationship was observed between WFDC2 and immune gene expression, and high WFDC2 mRNA expression was found in patients with LUAD and low programed cell death 1 mRNA expression. Conclusions We propose that WFDC2 is associated with clinical benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitors in LUAD.
Patterns of acetaminophen toxicity among patients with low-risk serum concentrations
Authors: Alhammad Abdullah M. , Alajmi Ghada , Alkhodair Aljawharah , Mansy Wael H. , Aljawadi Mohammad H. , Aljadeed Rania , Alshammari Reem , Alshehri Raghad , Alarifi Mohammed N. , Alyahya Badr 
Published: July 2024

Objective In 2012, the Commission on Human Medicines mandated lowering the acetaminophen toxicity nomogram treatment threshold in the UK to 100 µg/ml at 4 h post-ingestion. The present study aim was to evaluate biochemical and liver toxicity patterns in patients who presented with acetaminophen overdose and had low serum acetaminophen concentrations (<150 µg/ml). Methods Patients admitted to the emergency department with a clear history of acute acetaminophen overdose with or without other medication or ethanol were consecutively enrolled into this retrospective cohort study. Patients with serum acetaminophen concentration >150 µg/ml or an unknown ingestion time were excluded. Data were extracted from electronic medical records and are presented as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). Results A total of 103 patients were included (median age, 17 [4–21] years) and 80 (78%) were female. The median ingested acetaminophen dose was 5000 (2850–7650) mg. At baseline, the median serum acetaminophen concentration was 42 (4.5–64.8) µg/ml, and median alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were 22 (17–28) and 27 (16–45) IU/L, respectively. Twenty patients were treated with acetylcysteine, with none developing adverse reactions. No patient developed hepatotoxicity, including patients with initial multiple product ingestion or other risk factors. Conclusions Patients presenting with an acute acetaminophen overdose with acetaminophen level <150 µg/ml, including patients with other risk factors, are at low risk of hepatotoxicity.
Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy and resource utilization in patients with chronic pancreatitis in a US healthcare system: a retrospective study
Authors: Rivelli Anne , Vora Jamie B , Diaz Debra , Fitzpatrick Veronica 
Published: July 2024

Objective To assess the association between pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) and resource utilization among patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) in a large Midwestern US healthcare system. Methods This retrospective cohort study used electronic medical record data. Eligible patients (N = 2445) were aged ≥18 years and diagnosed with non-cystic fibrosis CP between January 2005 and December 2018, with ≥6 months’ follow-up; study initiation was first encounter with the healthcare system. Patients in the PERT group were prescribed PERT at ≥1 encounter; patients in the non-PERT group were not prescribed PERT at any encounter. Results In total, 62,899 encounters were reviewed (PERT, n = 22,935; non-PERT, n = 39,964). More patients in the PERT group were younger, male, White, married/partnered and with private insurance than those in the non-PERT group. They also received longer care and had more overall encounters, fewer outpatient and day surgery/24-hour observation encounters, and more inpatient encounters. Emergency room encounters were similar between groups. Average cost by encounter was similar between groups ($225 and $213, respectively). Conclusions Despite similar average costs per encounter, the groups had very different encounter types. More inferential research on PERT use among patients with CP is needed, particularly regarding resource utilization and long-term outcomes.
The improvement effect of exercise on rats with chronic stress-induced depression-like behavior: a discussion based on the kynurenine pathway
Authors: Zhao Lingling , Du Minqiang , Zhang Ruihong 
Published: July 2024

Objective To observe the effects of 4 weeks of voluntary wheel running on depressive-like behavior in a rat chronic stress-induced depression model to explore the anti-depressive mechanism of exercise. Methods In this observational study, 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, stress model, and stress exercise groups (12 rats/group). The control group received no intervention, and the stress model and stress exercise group rats underwent chronic mild unpredictable stress and isolation. The stress exercise group rats also underwent 4 weeks of voluntary wheel running. Behavioral changes and hippocampal protein and mRNA expression levels were detected. Results Voluntary wheel running significantly increased horizontal and vertical movements, sucrose intake, and the sucrose preference percentage and reduced immobility time in the forced swimming test in depression model rats. The hippocampal tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and quinolinic acid levels were significantly decreased, while the IL-4, IL-10, and kynurenic acid levels were significantly increased. Kynurenine-3-monooxygenase and 3-hydroxyanthranilate-3, 4-dioxygenase mRNA levels were downregulated, and kynurenine aminotransferase mRNA was upregulated. Conclusion Voluntary wheel running improved depressive-like behavior in depression model rats. The mechanism may be related to a kynurenine pathway metabolite level imbalance, which has neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects, caused by long-term voluntary wheel running.
Comparative Сharacteristic of Complications in Smooth and Textured Implants for Breast Modification Surgeries Performed in Women
Authors: Stiven Ranbomovich Yusufov , Eteri Ranbomovna Yusufova , Dmitry Alekseevich Filimonov , Roman Viktorovich Ishchenko 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The aim of this study is to comprehensively compare breast modification surgeries using smooth and textured implants in terms of a complication profile. Materials and methods: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant studies reporting complication rates and quality of life on the BREAST-Q questionnaire in groups of patients with smooth and textured implants. The odds ratios of the following complications between the groups were calculated: capsular contracture, hematoma, infection, malposition, seroma, breast rippling, implant rupture, and reoperation rates. And mean differences for BREAST-Q scores were also calculated. Results: A meta-analysis of 14 studies was performed in this article. No significant differences were found in the odds of capsular contracture, malposition, seroma, breast rippling, implant rupture, and reoperation rates between groups. The chance of developing infection was statistically significantly lower with smooth implants. The chance of hematoma development was statistically significantly lower with textured implants. Comparison of BREAST-Q results showed no difference between the groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest that using smooth implants is associated with a lower chance of infection and a higher chance of hematoma development.
Electroacupuncture ameliorates senile osteoporosis by promoting bone remodeling and regulating autophagy
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhou Jun , Wang Jinlin , Huang Xiarong , Qu Mengjian , Liao Ying , Sun Guanghua , Zhong Peirui , Tan Jinqu , Sun Zhilu 
Published: July 2024

Objectives: Osteoporosis is widely regarded as a typical aged-related disease caused by impaired bone remodeling. This research was designed to explore the protective effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on senile osteoporosis in a rat model and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Three-month-old rats were randomly selected as the youth group, and 24-month-old rats were randomly assigned to the elderly and EA groups. Rats in the EA group received 30 min of EA at bilateral SP10, ST36, K13 and GB34 daily, 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD), microstructure of the bone tissue, bone turnover biomarkers and expression level of autophagy-related proteins were detected. Results: Compared with the elderly group, EA treatment significantly increased BMD of the femur and ameliorated the microstructure. EA treatment increased trabecular bone volume ratio (= bone volume / total volume [﻿BV/TV]) and trabecular number (Tb.N) and decreased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) in senile osteoporosis rats. Compared with the elderly group, the serum N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX1) level in the EA group was lower, and the serum procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) concentration was higher. In addition, the expression of Beclin 1, microtubule-associated protein I light chain 3 (LC3B) and P62 was inhibited in the senile osteoporosis rats after EA treatment. Conclusions: EA can effectively alleviate aging-related bone loss and improve the microstructure of bone tissue in senile osteoporosis rats, and the regulation of autophagy might be one of the important mechanisms.
Intergenerational Storytelling and Positive Psychosocial Development: Stories as Developmental Resources for Marginalized Groups
Authors: Weststrate Nic M. , McLean Kate C. , Fivush Robyn 
Published: July 2024

Academic Abstract We articulate an intergenerational model of positive psychosocial development that centers storytelling in an ecological framework and is motivated by an orientation toward social justice. We bring together diverse literature (e.g., racial-ethnic socialization, family storytelling, narrative psychology) to argue that the intergenerational transmission of stories about one’s group is equally important for elders and youth, and especially important for groups who are marginalized, because stories provide a developmental resource for resistance and resilience in the face of injustice. We describe how storytelling activities can support positive psychosocial development in culturally dynamic contexts and illustrate our model with a case study involving LGBTQ+ communities, arguing that intergenerational storytelling is uniquely important for this group given issues of access to stories. We argue that harnessing the power of intergenerational storytelling could provide a culturally safe and sustaining practice for fostering psychosocial development among LGBTQ+ people and other equity-seeking populations. Public Abstract Understanding one’s identity as part of a group with shared history and culture that has existed through time is important for positive psychological functioning. This is especially true for marginalized communities for whom identity-relevant knowledge is often erased, silenced, or distorted in mainstream public discourses (e.g., school curricula, news media, television, and film). To compensate for these limitations around access, one channel for the transmission of this knowledge is through oral storytelling between generations of elders and youth. Contemporary psychological science has often assumed that such storytelling occurs within families, but when families cannot or would not share such knowledge, youth suffer. We present a model of intergenerational storytelling that expands our ideas around who counts as “family” and how knowledge can be transmitted through alternative channels, using LGBTQ+ communities as a case example.
On (Im)Patience: A New Approach to an Old Virtue
Authors: Sweeny Kate 
Published: July 2024

Academic Abstract Patience has been of great interest to religious scholars, philosophers, and psychological scientists. Their efforts have produced numerous insights but no cohesive theoretical approach to understanding the broad set of experiences people label as patience. I propose a novel view of patience, one that departs from but ties together existing approaches. Grounded in theories of emotion and emotion regulation, I propose impatience as a discrete emotion triggered by an objectionable delay of some sort, and patience (as a state or process rather than a virtue) as a form of emotion regulation that targets the subjective experience and outward expression of impatience. I propose a number of predictors and consequences of patience and impatience and provide initial evidence for many of the theory’s tenets. This theoretical approach, the process model of patience, reveals coherence across varied fields and methodologies and generates novel, testable, and timely questions for future patience scholars. Public Abstract “Patience is a virtue” is a familiar exhortation, and patience has been of great interest to religious scholars, philosophers, and psychological scientists. Their efforts have produced numerous insights but no cohesive theoretical approach to understanding the broad set of experiences people label as patience. This paper proposes an entirely novel view of patience, one that departs from but ties together existing approaches. I propose that impatience is an emotion, triggered by a frustrating delay of some sort, and patience captures the various ways people try to deal with their experience of impatience. I also propose that various aspects of the situation and the person combine to determine the intensity of impatience and the effectiveness of patience. Finally, I discuss the implications of a theoretical model, the process model of patience, for both scientific inquiry and issues of social justice, which are often fueled by appropriate experiences of impatience.