bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of fruquintinib in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer according to prior treatment sequence in the refractory setting: Results from FRESCO and FRESCO-2.
Authors: Bekaii-Saab Tanios S. , Dasari Arvind , Eng Cathy , Lonardi Sara , Yoshino Takayuki , Sobrero Alberto F. , Yao James C. , Garcia-Alfonso Pilar , Sartore-Bianchi Andrea , Hochster Howard S. , Hubbard Joleen M. , Price Timothy Jay , Tougeron David , Qin Shukui , Li Jin , Schelman William R. , Fan Songhua , Yu Ziji , Chen Lucy F. , Tabernero Josep 
Published: July 2024

3579 Background: Fruquintinib (F) is a highly selective, oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor of all 3 VEGF receptors. Based on FRESCO (NCT02314819) and FRESCO-2 (NCT04322539) data, F was approved by the US FDA for previously treatedmetastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Efficacy and safety of F + best supportive care (BSC) vs placebo (P) + BSC were analyzed according to prior treatment (tx) sequence using FRESCO and FRESCO-2 data. Methods: In FRESCO and FRESCO-2, patients (pts) were randomized 2:1 to receive F 5 mg or matching P, PO daily x 21 days every 28 days. In FRESCO, eligible pts had received ≥2 prior chemotherapy regimens and were permitted to have received prior anti-VEGF and/or anti-EGFR therapies, whereas in FRESCO-2, in addition to standard chemotherapies, anti-VEGF, and anti-EGFR therapies if indicated, prior exposure to trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS) and/or regorafenib (rego) was required. FRESCO-2 pts must have also received a BRAF inhibitor and/or immunotherapy, if indicated and available in their country. Results: In FRESCO (F n=278 vs P n=138), no pts had received rego and 16/416 pts (4%) had received TAS. InFRESCO-2, prior therapies were balanced between F vs P arms; pts had received prior TAS or rego in these sequences: prior TAS only (n=240 vs n=121); prior rego only (n=40 vs n=18); prior rego then TAS (n=84 vs n=45); prior TAS then rego (n=95 vs n=44). Improvements in OS and PFS were seen with F vs P regardless of prior tx sequence (Table), with similar magnitudes of benefit for OS (HRs 0.53–0.77) and PFS (HRs 0.25–0.37). F safety profile was consistent regardless of prior tx sequence (Table). Conclusions: F is effective in mCRC with a manageable safety profile regardless of prior TAS or rego tx and sequence. Improvement with F was similar for OS and PFS despite the number and sequence of prior regimens. F provides a new tx option for pts with previously treated mCRC regardless of prior TAS or rego exposure. Clinical trial information: NCT04322539 . [Table: see text]
Mefatinib as first-line treatment of EGFR sensitizing mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: A phase III efficacy and biomarker study.
Authors: Yu Jia , Zhou Caicun , Kai Wang , Wang Qiming , Niu Hongrui , Zhou Cheng-Zhi , Tian Panwen , Zhuang Wu , Li Jie , Wang Jing , Sun Xu , Yu Bing , Zhu Chaonan , Chen Jianghua , Xu June 
Published: July 2024

8546 Background: Mefatinib is an irreversible and highly effective EGFR and HER2 dual inhibitor. Although EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are standard 1st line therapy for EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), co-mutations, such as TP53 are associated with shorter PFS of EGFR TKI. Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with EGFR exon 19 deletion (19 del) or exon 21 L858R mutant (L858R), stage IIIB/IV NSCLC were enrolled and randomized at 2:1 ratio to receive mefatinib 60 mg PO QD or gefitinib 250 mg PO QD; The primary endpoint of the study was progression-free survival (PFS) per independent review committee (IRC). Archival tumor samples were analyzed using a 150 genes next-generation sequencing panel for biomarker analysis. Results: 336 eligible patients were assigned to receive mefatinib (n = 223) or gefitinib (n = 113). The median PFS of mefatinib was longer than gefitinib (13.73 vs. 9.66 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.68, P= 0.0024) and even longer in L858R subgroup (13.73 vs. 8.28 months, HR = 0.55). The data on overall survival (OS) were immature at the cut-off date ( < 40% events). 288 patients (189 in mefatinib and 99 in gefitinib) had available tumor samples for exploratory biomarker analysis. TP53 mutations were the most common disruptive concurrent alterations (45%). In patients with co-occurring disruptive mutations, mefatinib showed significant improvement in PFS compared to gefininib (12.55 vs 9.56 months, HR = 0.56, P= 0.0005; 12.55 vs 12.39 months, HR = 0.65, P= 0.0753 in 19del; and 13.70 vs 8.28 months, HR = 0.44, P= 0.0004 in L858R); Similarly, OS benefit of mefatinib was observed compared to gefitinib (not reached vs 26.68 months, HR = 0.54, P= 0.0045; not reached vs not reached, HR = 0.75, P= 0.4121 in 19del; and not reached vs 20.01 months, HR = 0.40, P= 0.0006 in L858R). Mefatinib had a favorable safety profile, with only 5.8% of patients experiencing dose reduction and less than 5% discontinuing treatment. Conclusions: Mefatinib is a new frontline option for EGFRmutant NSCLC. Co-occurring disruptive mutations caused decreased therapeutic efficacy of gefitinib, but had minimal impact on the PFS and OS of mefatinib. Comparing to gefitinib, PFS and OS improvements of mefatinib were most pronounced in patients with EGFR L858R mutation, especially those with disruptive co-occurring mutations. EGFR 19del or L858R mutation alone may not be sufficient to inform optimized front line therapies. Further studies are warranted to verify functional concurrent mutations for a better individualized precision medicine. Clinical trial information: CTR20192297.
Treatment Strategies for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gao Xinyi , Guo Julong , Pan Dikang , Gu Yongquan 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
To compare the safety and efficacy of carotid endarterectomy (CEA), carotid stenting (CAS), and optimal medical therapy (OMT) in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis.

METHODS:
Relevant randomized controlled trials were researched with PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases. Fixed-effects model and random-effects model were used to estimate the relative risks and the hazard ratios (HRs). The results of the probabilistic analysis were reported as surfaces under the cumulative ranking curve.

RESULTS:
Eight randomized controlled trials were included. Data from 10 348 patients (CEA: n = 4758; CAS: n = 3919; OMT: n = 1673) were evaluated. Compared with the previous OMT, CEA, CAS, and the current OMT (c-OMT) were all effective in reducing the risk of stroke (CEA: HR, 0.52; CI, 0.40-0.66; CAS: HR, 0.58; CI, 0.42-0.81; c-OMT: HR, 0.40; CI, 0.15-0.94); CEA and CAS reduced the risk of ipsilateral stroke (CEA: HR, 0.41; CI, 0.28-0.59; CAS: HR, 0.51; CI, 0.31-0.84), and the risk of fatal or disabling stroke (CEA: HR, 0.59; CI, 0.43-0.81; CAS: HR, 0.57; CI, 0.34-0.95). Regarding reducing the risk of stroke, only CEA was statistically significant in patients with any degree of stenosis compared with the previous medical treatment (<80%: HR, 0.48; CI, 0.33%-0.70%; 80%-99%: HR, 0.53; CI, 0.38-0.73).

CONCLUSION:
In the treatment of asymptomatic carotid stenosis, the perioperative outcomes of CAS were similar to that of CEA; CEA, CAS, and c-OMT shared similar long-term outcomes; and CEA and CAS may be more effective in patients with high levels of asymptomatic stenosis.
The Coexistence of Carotico-Clinoid Foramen and Interclinoidal Osseous Bridge: An Anatomo-Radiological Study With Surgical Implications
Authors: Serioli Simona , Plou Pedro , Donato Glaudir , Graepel Stephen , Ajler Pablo , De Bonis Alessandro , Pinheiro-Neto Carlos D. , Leonel Luciano C. P. C. , Peris-Celda Maria 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The coexistence of complete carotico-clinoid bridge (CCB), an ossification between the anterior (ACP) and the middle clinoid (MCP), and an interclinoidal osseous bridge (ICB), between the ACP and the posterior clinoid (PCP), represents an uncommonly reported anatomic variant. If not adequately recognized, osseous bridges may complicate open or endoscopic surgery, along with the pneumatization of the ACP, especially when performing anterior or middle clinoidectomies.

METHODS:
According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews guidelines, a systematic scoping review was conducted up to June 5, 2023. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and additional citations were searched. Two hundred high-resolution noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scans (400 sides) and 41 dry skulls (82 sides) were analyzed to identify the different morphology of sellar bridges, focusing on the coexistence of complete CCF and ICB. Two embalmed latex-injected heads with coexisting CCF and ICB were dissected step-by-step to show the anatomic relationship with the surrounding structures from an endoscopic and microscopic perspective.

RESULTS:
A total of 19 articles were included. The review identified a complete CCF and ICB rate ranging from 4.92% to 6.3%. The analysis of 200 CT scans revealed a rate of coexistence in 4% of the cases, all encountered in White women. Two different types of interclinoid bridges were identified based on the degree of bone mineralization. Both endoscopic and macroscopic step-by-step dissections highlighted variability in morphology and consistency of the sellar bridges and the close relationship with the cavernous sinus neurovascular structures.

CONCLUSION:
The coexistence of CCF and ICB is an anatomic variation found in 4% of cases. Preoperative knowledge of the degree of mineralization and its relationship with surrounding structures is essential to performing safe surgery and minimizing cranial nerve and vascular injuries. Preoperative high-resolution CT scans can adequately identify these anatomic variations.
Temporal Trends in Urinary Diversion among Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy Between 1986 and 2022: Experience at the University Medical Center Mainz with 2224 Cases
Authors: Duwe Gregor , Kamal Mohamed M. , Wiesmann Crispin , Banasiewicz Katarzyna E. , Wagner Isabel , Fischer Nikita Dhruva , Haack Maximilian , Frey Lisa Johanna , Mager Rene , Höfner Thomas , Sparwasser Peter , Tsaur Igor , Wiesner Christoph , Thomas Christian , Thüroff Joachim Wolfgang , Hohenfellner Rudolf , Brandt Maximilian Peter , Haferkamp Axel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Analysis of temporal trends of urinary diversion (UD) and identification of predictive factors for continent urinary diversion (CUD) in patients with bladder cancer (BC) is scarce and data on large cohorts are missing. We aimed to describe longitudinal temporal trends and predictive factors for UD among patients with BC receiving radical cystectomy (RC).

Patients and Methods
We retrospectively analysed institutional data collected from patients undergoing RC from 1986 to 2022 to describe changes in patients’ characteristics and UD. Primary end points were patients’ characteristics associated with type of UD. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictive factors for CUD.

Results
In total, 2224 patients (77.16% male, 22.84% female) with a mean age of 66 years [standard deviation (SD), 10.64 years] were included. We observed an increase in mean age from 59.86 (10.8) years (1986–1990) to 69.85 (9.99) years (2016–2022) (p < 0.001). The proportion of CUD gradually declined from 43.72% (94/215; 1986–1990) to 18.38% (86/468; 2016–2022). Patients who were male [odds ratio (OR): 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43–2.57, p < 0.001), younger (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.89, p < 0.001) and had no hydronephrosis prior to RC (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.66–2.92, p < 0.001) were more likely to receive CUD.

Conclusions
We report the largest European single-center cohort of UD after RC, demonstrating a significant shift from CUD to IUD, accompanied by an increasing age. Finally, our data mirrors the development and extensive experience with the Mainz Pouch-I in the 1980’s and 1990’s together with other colon pouches.
Utility of Body Weight, Urine Color, and Thirst Perception (WUT) in Determining Hydration in Young Adults
Authors: ADAMS WILLIAM M. , ANDERSON TRAVIS , ZAPLATOSCH MITCHELL E. , CHEUVRONT SAMUEL N. , KENEFICK ROBERT W. , YATES BRANDON A. , MORRISSEY-BASLER MARGARET C. , CASA DOUGLAS J. , WIDEMAN LAURIE 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
The primary aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the weight, urine, and thirst (WUT) framework in predicting dehydration after a body water manipulation protocol, while concurrently determining the individual and interactive contributions of the model components.

Methods
The total study sample was 93 participants (female, n = 47), recruited from two institutions. Phase 1 involved collecting daily hydration measures from free-living participants (study 1, 58 participants for 3 d; study 2, 35 participants for 7 d). Phase 2 entailed a 2-h passive heating protocol, where participants from study 2 were randomly assigned to one of three groups that manipulated total body water over 24 h using passive heating and fluid restriction. During each phase, participants provided urine samples, underwent body mass measurements, and completed questionnaires pertaining to thirst perception. Morning and 24-h urine samples were assessed for color, osmolality, and specific gravity. Differences between intervention groups, based on the probability of hydration status, were examined (ANOVA), and ridge regression analysis assessed the relative importance of variables within the WUT model.

Results
The study revealed significant differences among the intervention groups for predicted probability of dehydration, as determined by changes in body mass (P = 0.001), urine color (P = 0.044), and thirst perception (P < 0.001). Binomial ridge regression indicated that changes in body mass (58%) and thirst perception (26%) were the most influential predictors of dehydration.

Conclusions
These data support use of an enhanced version of the WUT model, underscoring the significance of changes in body mass and thirst perception in the assessment of hydration status.
An Individual versus Parent Supported Physical Activity Intervention in Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: PTOMEY LAUREN T. , WASHBURN RICHARD A. , LEE JAEHOON , SHERMAN JOSEPH R. , RICE ANNA M. , DANON JESSICA C. , WHITE DAVID A. , SZABO-REED AMANDA N. , HELSEL BRIAN C. , DONNELLY JOSEPH E. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is inadequate in adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). This report describes the results of an 18-month clinical trial in adolescents with IDD, which compared changes in accelerometer-assessed daily MVPA, gross motor quotient, and leg press strength between participants randomized to an exercise intervention delivered to adolescents only (AO) or to the adolescent and a parent (A + P).

Methods
The 18-month trial included a 6-month active intervention, 6-month maintenance interventions, and a 6-month no-contact follow-up. Adolescents in both arms were asked to attend 40-min remotely delivered group video exercise sessions (0–6 months = 3 sessions per week, 7–12 months = 1 session per week). In the A + P arm, one parent/guardian was asked to attend all group remote video exercise sessions and a monthly remotely delivered 30-min educations/support session with their adolescent across the 12-month intervention.

Results
Adolescents (n = 116) with IDD (age ~16 yr, 52% female) were randomized to the AO (n = 59) or A + P (n = 57) arms. Mixed modeling, controlling for baseline MVPA and season, indicated minimal but statistically significant changes in MVPA across 6 (P = 0.006), 12 (P < 0.001), and 18 months (P < 0.001). However, the change in MVPA in the two intervention arms did not differ significantly at any time point (all P > 0.05). Similarly, gross motor quotient and leg press strength improved significantly over time (P < 0.001), and these changes did not differ between intervention arms (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Parental involvement had no impact on changes in daily MVPA, gross motor quotient, or leg press strength in response to a remotely delivered exercise intervention in adolescents with IDD.
Οι πηγές του Ιστορικού Λεξικού της Νέας Ελληνικής της Ακαδημίας Αθηνών
Authors: Κωνσταντινίδου Μαγδαληνή , Τζαμάλη Αικατερίνη 
Published: July 2024

Το Ιστορικό Λεξικό της Ακαδημίας Αθηνών καταγράφει την Νεοελληνική Γλώσσα τόσο στην τυπική της μορφή όσο και στις διαλεκτικές της ποικιλίες από τις αρχές του 19ου αιώνα μέχρι σήμερα. Ο συνδυασμός αυτών των δύο πτυχών το καθιστά το μοναδικό στο είδος του ιστορικό και διαλεκτικό λεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής. Το γλωσσικό υλικό προέρχεται από ένα εκτενές αρχείο περίπου 4 εκατομμυρίων λημμάτων το οποίο δημιουργήθηκε με την αποδελτίωση περίπου 6.000 πηγών διαλεκτικού και υλικού της καθομιλουμένης. Το σώμα αυτών των πηγών χωρίζεται περαιτέρω σε πρωτογενείς και δευτερογενείς. Οι πρωτογενείς πηγές που αποτελούν το 60 – 70% του αρχείου περιλαμβάνουν: (α) προφορικά κείμενα που συλλέχθηκαν από το ερευνητικό προσωπικό του Ιστορικού Λεξικού και από ανεξάρτητους συνεργάτες, από όλα τα μέρη της χώρας με την μέθοδο απευθείας συνεντεύξεων, και (β) λογοτεχνικά και μη-λογοτεχνικά κείμενα γραμμένα σε διαλεκτική και καθομιλουμένη γλώσσα. Οι δευτερογενείς πηγές, που αποτελούν το υπόλοιπο 30 – 40% του γλωσσικού υλικού, αποτελούνται από λεξικά, γραμματικές και πραγματείες, συλλογές τοπικών μελετών, βιβλιογραφίες κλπ. Τόσο τα πλεονεκτήματα όσο και τα μειονεκτήματα των διαφόρων τύπων πηγών κατά την σύνταξη του λεξικογραφικού corpus του Ιστορικού Λεξικού συζητούνται αναλυτικά. Επισημαίνεται επίσης η πρόσφατη χρήση των νέων τεχνολογιών της πληροφορίας (δηλ. στην αναζήτηση ψηφιακών πηγών κλπ.), που ανοίγουν πρωτόγνωρες δυνατότητες τόσο για την διασφάλιση της ποιότητας όσο και για τον εμπλουτισμό του υπάρχοντος γλωσσικού υλικού.
Evaluation of dietary intake of the School of Sports Championship students
Authors: Łopacińska Olga , Stańczyk Katarzyna , Korn Aleksandra , Czarnecka Karolina , Wójcik Emilia , Korczak Anna , Jędrzejczyk Justyna , Szewczyk Oliwia , Olek Ewa , Burda Katarzyna , Kuberski ​​Jakub 
Published: July 2024

Introduction and purpose: Nutrition plays an important role in the lives of young athletes. A well-balanced diet is crucial not only for their sports performance, but also for their proper growth and optimal health. The aim of this study is to evaluate the dietary intake of the School of Sports Championship students.
A brief description of the state of knowledge: When compared to the nutritional needs of regular teenagers, young athletes have higher caloric requirements. They need to follow precise meal scheduling, must maintain proper hydration, and sometimes need to use dietary supplements. Moreover, adolescent athletes, especially females, have a higher risk of athlete triad, anemia, or eating disorders. In addition, young athletes seem to be unaware of the importance of their diet and how it directly affects their overall health and athletic performance.
Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the dietary choices of young athletes significantly affect their sports performance. We found a correlations between the duration of trainings and the intake of sequentially: protein, fiber, and vitamin D. Also, we discovered that female athletes consume less vitamin D and iron compared to male athletes, which may lead to a dangerous health implications, including anemia or the female athlete triad. However, there is a need for more prospective randomized clinical trials conducted on a larger sample size to reach final conclusions.
Insights into transitioning to life with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: facing the future
Authors: Mooney Mary , Clancy Beverley 
Published: July 2024

Background/Aims An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) can deliver a shock that converts a dangerously abnormal heart rhythm into a safe rhythm, preventing a sudden cardiac death. However, the transition from life without an ICD to life with one can be challenging. This study aimed to explore how patients perceived the transition process to life with an ICD. Methods This qualitative descriptive study was conducted with 10 patients with ICDs, recruited from a tertiary hospital in the Republic of Ireland. A semi-structured interview guide was used to conduct in-person interviews at the end of 2016. The transcripts were thematically analysed, with transition theory being used as a framework to support the process. Results Participants described how the ICD meant that they had to adapt to a new way of living, with physical, psychological and lifestyle adjustments. The transition process was neither immediate nor linear. Fear of defibrillation and receipt of shocks caused feelings of vulnerability, while the loss of a driving license was perceived as a threat to independence. Conclusions Coping with the aftermath of defibrillator implantation is contingent on education and the level of support offered to patients. Nurses should strive to identify patients' coping and transitioning skills, as they are ideally positioned to initiate timely discussions that are tailored to the individual's needs and capacity.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction referred to a community specialist nurse-led clinic
Authors: Tavares Sara , Kanaganayagam Gajen , Lampridou Smaragda , Phuyal Urmila , Singh Harmandeep , Forsyth Faye 
Published: July 2024

Background/Aims Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction remains relatively poorly understood, despite its increasing prevalence. It is unclear how most clinical services are adapting to changes in caseload and management. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction who were referred to a community heart failure specialist nurse-led clinic, and to evaluate the clinical interventions implemented during patients’ reviews. Methods A longitudinal cohort design was used. Baseline characteristics and 6-month data on heart failure specialist nurse interventions, morbidity and mortality were collected for all patients (n=80) referred and allocated to the community heart failure specialist nurse-led clinic between November 2022 and June 2023. Data were collected from the service's electronic medical record system and analysed with descriptive statistics using SPSS version 28. Results A total of 696 referrals were made of patients with confirmed or suspected heart failure, of whom 80 were allocated to heart failure specialist nurse caseloads. The mean age of the sample was 82 years (±8.85 years), with each patient having a median of three comorbidities. At the end of 6-month period, 37.5% were discharged and 38.8% were on a patient-initiated follow-up pathway, with a median of four contacts. Interventions received at the specialist clinic included management of comorbid conditions. Prescribing focused on diuretic titration and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors initiation. Of the 65 hospital admissions recorded, 45 (69.2%) were unrelated to heart failure, while 20 (30.8%) were related to heart failure. Conclusions The community heart failure specialist nurse-led clinic resulted in the initiation or adjustment of key therapies in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Heart failure specialist nurses can autonomously implement advanced interventions in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, despite patients’ complexity. Some aspects of care require improvement, such as comprehensive geriatric assessments, multimorbidity management and involvement of cardiac rehabilitation and palliative care teams.