bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Zeolite Crystals Encapsulating Gold–Palladium Nanoparticles for the Selective Oxidation of Bioethanol
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Liang , Zhu Longfeng , Wu Qinming , Chen Chunyu , Wang Xiong , Ji Yanyan , Meng Xiangju , Xiao Feng‐Shou 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe conversion of bioethanol into valuable products is an important area in the conversion of biomass. We demonstrate the successful synthesis of bimetallic gold–palladium (Au–Pd) nanoparticles encapsulated within S‐1 zeolite crystals (AuPd@S‐1) by a solvent‐free strategy. This strategy allows highly efficient use of the noble metals, with more than 96 % of the gold and palladium being loaded into the final samples. Electron microscopy characterization and investigations with probe molecules confirm that the Au–Pd nanoparticles are encapsulated inside the S‐1 crystals. The AuPd@S‐1 catalyst is very active for the aerobic oxidation of bioethanol, giving 100 % conversion and 99 % selectivity to acetic acid. Even in the presence of 90 % water, the catalyst still gives a conversion higher than 80 % and a selectivity of 95 %. More importantly, the AuPd@S‐1 catalyst exhibits excellent stability in the oxidation of bioethanol. These features are important for future practical applications of the AuPd@S‐1 catalyst.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol over Ceria–Zirconia Catalysts
Authors: Schimming Sarah M. , LaMont Onaje D. , König Michael , Rogers Allyson K. , D'Amico Andrew D. , Yung Matthew M. , Sievers Carsten 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol is investigated over bulk ceria and ceria–zirconia catalysts with different elemental compositions. The reactions are performed in a flow reactor at 1 atm and 275–400 °C. The primary products are phenol and catechol, whereas cresol and benzene are formed as secondary products. No products with hydrogenated rings are formed. The highest conversion of guaiacol is achieved over a catalyst containing 60 mol % CeO2 and 40 mol % ZrO2. Pseudo‐first‐order activation energies of 97–114 kJ mol−1 are observed over the mixed metal oxide catalysts. None of the catalysts show significant deactivation during 72 h on stream. The important physicochemical properties of the catalysts are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), temperature‐programmed reduction, titration of oxygen vacancies, and temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia. On the basis of these experimental results, the reasons for the observed reactivity trends are identified.
CN and NH Bond Metathesis Reactions Mediated by Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Wang Yehong , Zhang Jian , Liu Jing , Zhang Chaofeng , Zhang Zhixin , Xu Jie , Xu Shutao , Wang Fangjun , Wang Feng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHerein, we report CO2‐mediated metathesis reactions between amines and DMF to synthesize formamides. More than 20 amines, including primary, secondary, aromatic, and heterocyclic amines, diamines, and amino acids, are converted to the corresponding formamides with good‐to‐excellent conversions and selectivities under mild conditions. This strategy employs CO2 as a mediator to activate the amine under metal‐free conditions. The experimental data and in situ NMR and attenuated total reflectance IR spectroscopy measurements support the formation of the N‐carbamic acid as an intermediate through the weak acid–base interaction between CO2 and the amine. The metathesis reaction is driven by the formation of a stable carbamate, and a reaction mechanism is proposed.
Bone remodelling markers in hypertensive patients with and without diabetes mellitus: link between bone and glucose metabolism
Authors: Feldbrin Z. , Shargorodsky M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveGrowing evidence suggests the presence of a complex interplay between hypertension as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and osteoporosis. The present study was designed to investigate a possible effect of type 2 DM on bone remodelling markers such as osteoprotegerin and N‐terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (P1NP) in hypertensive patients.Design and MethodsThe 100 study participants were divided into three groups according to the presence of DM and hypertension: group one included diabetic hypertensive subjects, group 2 included hypertensive subjects without diabetes and group 3 included subjects without hypertension and without DM (controls). Blood sampling for metabolic parameters, including osteoprotegerin, P1NP, adiponectin, fasting glucose, HbA1c, CRP, homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment‐beta function was performed.ResultsCirculating P1NP increased from group 1 to group 3 in a continuous fashion. P1NP was significantly lower in hypertensive subjects with DM (group 1), than in groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.0001). P1NP, was marginally lower in diabetic hypertensive subjects as compared with nondiabetic subjects with hypertension (p = 0.079). Circulating osteoprotegerin did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.593).ConclusionsIn the present study, bone formation marker, P1NP, was significantly lower in diabetic hypertensive subjects as compared with nondiabetic subjects with and without hypertension. P1NP was inversely associated with parameters of glucose homeostasis such as fasting glucose, HbA1c and positively with homeostasis model assessment‐beta cell function. Type 2 DM was associated with an adverse effect on bone formation independently of age, sex and exposure to anti‐diabetic drugs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BEMOVI, software for extracting behavior and morphology from videos, illustrated with analyses of microbes
Authors: Pennekamp Frank , Schtickzelle Nicolas , Petchey Owen L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMicrobes are critical components of ecosystems and provide vital services (e.g., photosynthesis, decomposition, nutrient recycling). From the diverse roles microbes play in natural ecosystems, high levels of functional diversity result. Quantifying this diversity is challenging, because it is weakly associated with morphological differentiation. In addition, the small size of microbes hinders morphological and behavioral measurements at the individual level, as well as interactions between individuals. Advances in microbial community genetics and genomics, flow cytometry and digital analysis of still images are promising approaches. They miss out, however, on a very important aspect of populations and communities: the behavior of individuals. Video analysis complements these methods by providing in addition to abundance and trait measurements, detailed behavioral information, capturing dynamic processes such as movement, and hence has the potential to describe the interactions between individuals. We introduce BEMOVI, a package using the R and ImageJ software, to extract abundance, morphology, and movement data for tens to thousands of individuals in a video. Through a set of functions BEMOVI identifies individuals present in a video, reconstructs their movement trajectories through space and time, and merges this information into a single database. BEMOVI is a modular set of functions, which can be customized to allow for peculiarities of the videos to be analyzed, in terms of organisms features (e.g., morphology or movement) and how they can be distinguished from the background. We illustrate the validity and accuracy of the method with an example on experimental multispecies communities of aquatic protists. We show high correspondence between manual and automatic counts and illustrate how simultaneous time series of abundance, morphology, and behavior are obtained from BEMOVI. We further demonstrate how the trait data can be used with machine learning to automatically classify individuals into species and that information on movement behavior improves the predictive ability.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the First Selenonyl Bis(carboxylate) SeO2(O2CCH3)2
Authors: Richtera Lukas , Jancik Vojtech , Barroso‐Flores Joaquín , Nykel Petr , Touzin Jiri , Taraba Jan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAnalytically pure selenonyl bis(acetate) SeO2(O2CCH3)2 was prepared by the reaction of SeO3 with a stoichiometric amount of acetic anhydride in nitromethane; it crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/n space group with one molecule in the asymmetric unit and a = 5.2044(1) Å, b = 21.6580(5) Å, c = 6.7074(2) Å, and β = 93.628(2)°. The selenium atom binds to two oxo groups and two acetate anions in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. Analysis of the Hirschfeld surface indicated the presence of numerous C–H···O interactions.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Dinuclear Copper Complex Bearing a Hydrophobic Cavity as a Model for Copper‐Containing Monooxygenases
Authors: Schicke Olivier , Faure Bruno , Carissan Yannick , Giorgi Michel , Jalila Simaan Ariane , Réglier Marius 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a dinuclear copper complex as a model of mononuclear copper‐containing monooxygenases [dopamine β‐monooxygenase (DβM), tyramine β‐monooxygenase (TβM), and peptidylglycine α‐hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM)] are described. This model is based on a cyclophane moiety bearing two bis(picolylamine) ligands for the complexation of two copper atoms and exhibits macroscopic features equivalent to those of the enzymes: (1) the two copper centers are 11.5 Å apart (11 Å for the enzymes) and (2) there is a hydrophobic pocket consisting of a cyclophane moiety in which substrates can bind near the two copper centers.
Practical Synthesis of Polysubstituted Haloimidazoles from 1,1‐Dibromoalkenes and Amidines
Authors: Li Yibiao , Cheng Liang , Shao Yan , Jiang Shaohua , Cai Jialing , Qing Ning 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed cycloamination reaction of 1,1‐dibromoalkenes with amidines affords a diverse set of polysubstituted haloimidazole derivatives. By using this strategy, high regio‐ and chemoselectivity has been achieved, using 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline as ligand without the addition of expensive catalysts to provide moderate to good yields.
Shake table tests of stiff, unattached, asymmetric structures
Authors: Wittich Christine E. , Hutchinson Tara C. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryStiff, unattached structures are highly vulnerable to damage and failure during an earthquake, as evidenced following numerous past events. This class of structures encompasses a wide range of objects and systems such as electrical transformers, radiation shields, office furniture, and marble statues. The vulnerability of these objects is exacerbated when it is highly asymmetric and unattached. Although a number of studies have focused on rigid blocks, few have concentrated on blocks with asymmetric geometries. In an effort to better understand the implications of asymmetries, an extensive shake table testing campaign including more than 150 tests was conducted. These tests incorporate a systematic variation of the mass eccentricities of stiff, unattached structures. The primary modes of rocking, sliding, and twisting as well as interactive modes were recorded for the duration of numerous earthquake motions. The magnitude and direction of response are experimentally correlated with the geometric variations in the various models. These tests indicate that even for symmetric structures with uniaxial shaking, multiple modes and three‐dimensional responses are probable. Furthermore, certain asymmetric geometries exhibited both increased rocking (and overturning) as well as increased sliding when compared with their symmetric counterparts. A final aspect of this study compared the free rocking response of symmetric and asymmetric structures to classical, two‐dimensional rocking analysis. While the theoretical values for the coefficient of restitution yielded a significant overestimation in the simulation (up to ≈90%), reduced coefficients greatly improved the performance of the model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sediment yield of the lower Tana River, Kenya, is insensitive to dam construction: sediment mobilization processes in a semi‐arid tropical river system
Authors: Geeraert Naomi , Omengo Fred Ochieng , Tamooh Fredrick , Paron Paolo , Bouillon Steven , Govers Gerard 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDam construction in the 1960s to 1980s significantly modified sediment supply from the Kenyan uplands to the lower Tana River. To assess the effect on suspended sediment fluxes of the Tana River, we monitored the sediment load at high temporal resolution for 1 year and complemented our data with historical information. The relationship between sediment concentration and water discharge was complex: at the onset of the wet season, discharge peaks resulted in high sediment concentrations and counterclockwise hysteresis, while towards the end of the wet season, a sediment exhaustion effect led to low concentrations despite the high discharge. The total sediment flux at Garissa (c. 250 km downstream of the lowermost dam) between June 2012 and June 2013 was 8.8 Mt yr‐1. Comparison of current with historical fluxes indicated that dam construction had not greatly affected the annual sediment flux. We suggest that autogenic processes, namely river bed dynamics and bank erosion, mobilized large quantities of sediments stored in the alluvial plain downstream of the dams. Observations supporting the importance of autogenic processes included the absence of measurable activities of the fall‐out radionuclides 7Be and 137Cs in the suspended sediment, the rapid lateral migration of the river course, and the seasonal changes in river cross‐section. Given the large stock of sediment in the alluvial valley of the Tana River, it may take centuries before the effect of damming shows up as a quantitative reduction in the sediment flux at Garissa. Many models relate the sediment load of rivers to catchment characteristics, thereby implicitly assuming that alterations in the catchment induce changes in the sediment load. Our research confirms that the response of an alluvial river to external disturbances such as land use or climate change is often indirect or non‐existent as autogenic processes overwhelm the changes in the input signal. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal reproducibility of automatically segmented hippocampal subfields: A multisite European 3T study on healthy elderly
Authors: Marizzoni Moira , Antelmi Luigi , Bosch Beatriz , Bartrés‐Faz David , Müller Bernhard W. , Wiltfang Jens , Fiedler Ute , Roccatagliata Luca , Picco Agnese , Nobili Flavio , Blin Olivier , Bombois Stephanie , Lopes Renaud , Sein Julien , Ranjeva Jean‐Philippe , Didic Mira , Gros‐Dagnac Hélène , Payoux Pierre , Zoccatelli Giada , Alessandrini Franco , Beltramello Alberto , Bargalló Núria , Ferretti Antonio , Caulo Massimo , Aiello Marco , Cavaliere Carlo , Soricelli Andrea , Salvadori Nicola , Parnetti Lucilla , Tarducci Roberto , Floridi Piero , Tsolaki Magda , Constantinidis Manos , Drevelegas Antonios , Rossini Paolo Maria , Marra Camillo , Hoffmann Karl‐Titus , Hensch Tilman , Schönknecht Peter , Kuijer Joost P. , Visser Pieter Jelle , Barkhof Frederik , Bordet Régis , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Jovicich Jorge ,   the PharmaCog Consortium
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecently, there has been an increased interest in the use of automatically segmented subfields of the human hippocampal formation derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, little is known about the test‐retest reproducibility of such measures, particularly in the context of multisite studies. Here, we report the reproducibility of automated Freesurfer hippocampal subfields segmentations in 65 healthy elderly enrolled in a consortium of 13 3T MRI sites (five subjects per site). Participants were scanned in two sessions (test and retest) at least one week apart. Each session included two anatomical 3D T1 MRI acquisitions harmonized in the consortium. We evaluated the test‐retest reproducibility of subfields segmentation (i) to assess the effects of averaging two within‐session T1 images and (ii) to compare subfields with whole hippocampus volume and spatial reliability. We found that within‐session averaging of two T1 images significantly improved the reproducibility of all hippocampal subfields but not that of the whole hippocampus. Volumetric and spatial reproducibility across MRI sites were very good for the whole hippocampus, CA2‐3, CA4‐dentate gyrus (DG), subiculum (reproducibility error∼2% and DICE > 0.90), good for CA1 and presubiculum (reproducibility error ∼ 5% and DICE ∼ 0.90), and poorer for fimbria and hippocampal fissure (reproducibility error ∼ 15% and DICE < 0.80). Spearman's correlations confirmed that test‐retest reproducibility improved with volume size. Despite considerable differences of MRI scanner configurations, we found consistent hippocampal subfields volumes estimation. CA2‐3, CA4‐DG, and sub‐CA1 (subiculum, presubiculum, and CA1 pooled together) gave test‐retest reproducibility similar to the whole hippocampus. Our findings suggest that the larger hippocampal subfields volume may be reliable longitudinal markers in multisite studies. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3516–3527, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intestinal type adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid: Outcomes of a treatment regimen based on endoscopic surgery with or without radiotherapy
Authors: Nicolai Piero , Schreiber Alberto , Bolzoni Villaret Andrea , Lombardi Davide , Morassi Laura , Raffetti Elena , Donato Francesco , Battaglia Paolo , Turri–Zanoni Mario , Bignami Maurizio , Castelnuovo Paolo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess survival, prognostic factors, and complications in a cohort of patients with intestinal‐type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) treated with transnasal endoscopic surgery ± radiotherapy (RT).MethodsPatients with ITAC who underwent endoscopic surgery ± RT at 2 tertiary centers were retrospectively reviewed. Overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival were calculated, and statistically significant variables were entered in a multivariate Cox regression model. Complications were also analyzed.ResultsOne hundred‐sixty‐nine patients were included. Major complications occurred in 9.5% of patients. Adjuvant RT was delivered in 58.6% of patients. Five‐year OS and event‐free survival were 68.9% and 63.6%, respectively. Advanced pT classification, high‐grade, and positive surgical margins were independently predictive of poor survival.ConclusionEndoscopic surgery ± RT is a valid treatment option in most cases of ITAC. When compared with series based on external surgery, our results support a definitive paradigm shift in the management of ITAC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E996–E1003, 2016
Potential relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and BRAFV600E mutation status in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Zeng Rui‐chao , Jin Lang‐ping , Chen En‐dong , Dong Si‐yang , Cai Ye‐feng , Huang Guan‐li , Li Quan , Jin Chun , Zhang Xiao‐hua , Wang Ou‐chen 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and BRAFV600E mutation status in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsA total of 619 patients with PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection were enrolled in this study. Univariable and multivariate analyses were used.ResultsHashimoto's thyroiditis was present in 35.9% (222 of 619) of PTCs. Multivariate logistic regressions showed that BRAFV600E mutation, sex, extrathyroidal extension, and lymph node metastasis were independent factors for Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Female sex, more frequent extrathyroidal extension, and a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis were significantly associated with PTCs accompanied by BRAFV600E mutation without Hashimoto's thyroiditis compared with PTCs accompanied by BRAFV600E mutation with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.ConclusionHashimoto's thyroiditis was negatively associated with BRAFV600E mutation, extrathyroidal extension, and lymph node metastasis. In addition, Hashimoto's thyroiditis was related to less lymph node metastasis and extrathyroidal extension in PTCs with BRAFV600E mutation. Therefore, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a potentially protective factor in PTC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1019–E1025, 2016
Investigation of surgically retrieved, vitamin E‐stabilized, crosslinked UHMWPE implants after short‐term in vivo service
Authors: Rowell Shannon L. , Muratoglu Orhun K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundAntioxidant stabilized highly crosslinked ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) components have been in clinical use since 2008. In vitro testing has shown excellent oxidation resistance, wear resistance, mechanical properties, and fatigue strength. In this study, we analyzed surgically retrieved components to investigate in vivo behavior and changes in the material.MethodsFifteen surgically retrieved, vitamin E‐stabilized, and radiation crosslinked UHMWPE components were analyzed to determine their oxidative stability, extent of lipid absorption in vivo, free radical content, hydroperoxide index, and extent of visible wear damage after in vivo service (0.1–36.6 months).ResultsRetrievals showed no significant carbonyls at the time of surgical removal, while free radical content was observed to decay with increasing in vivo duration. There was no increase in hydroperoxide index. Lipid penetration increased with time. Ex vivo oxidation was not observed after 18 months of aging in air at room temperature.ConclusionsThe free‐radical scavenging activity of the vitamin E appears to successfully prevent both in vivo and ex vivo oxidation for short durations, while reducing free radical content overall. Without an increase in hydroperoxides, the oxidation cascade initiated by radiation‐induced and lipid‐derived free radicals appears to have been inhibited. Further investigation is required with longer duration implants. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1132–1140, 2016.
Studies on Thermodynamic Properties of Polyvalent Electrolytes from E. M. F. Measurements. II. The Silver‐Silver Molybdate Electrode
Authors: Pa Kuan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The solubility‐product of silver molybdate was determined by the e.m.f. measurements of the cell,magnified imageby extrapolation method in the temperature range of 20° to 40°C.magnified image
The standard potential of the Ag;Ag2MoO4(s);MoO4− electrode, and the molal heat and molal free energy for the solution of silver molybdate are expressed as a function of temperature over the temperature range of 20° to 40°C as follows:magnified image
The molal heat, free energy and entropy change for the formation of silver molybdate from its elements at 25°C are evaluated asmagnified image
Studies on Thermodynamic Properties of Polyvalent Electrolytes from E. M. F. Measurements. III. The Silver‐Silver Tungstate Electrode
Authors: Pan Kuan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The solubility‐product of silver tungstate was evaluated from e.m.f. of the cell,magnified imageby extrapolation of the function,magnified imageto x=0, and then to m=0. The solubility‐product constants in the temperature range of 20° to 40°C are expressed bymagnified image
The molal heat of solution of silver tungstate was evaluated from the temperature coefficients of 1n Ks.p. and given bymagnified image
Standard potentials of the Ag; Ag2WO4(s), WO4− electrode were evaluated from π°Ag;Ag+ ‐ K log Ks.p. It givesmagnified imageover this temperature range.
The molal free energy change for the solution of silver tungstate is given bymagnified image
Thermodynamic Data for the formation of silver tungstate from its elements at 25°C were evaluated as follows:magnified image
Standard potentials of the following cells,magnified imageandmagnified imagewere obtained by the combination of standard potentials ofmagnified imageandmagnified imageelectrodes evaluated in my previous and present investigations. It givesmagnified imagefor Cell (IIa), (IIb) and (IIe), respectively.
Thermodynamic Calculations for the exchange reactions,magnified imagefor reactions (iv), (v) and (vi), respectively.