bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Plus Chemotherapy in Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Villacampa Guillermo , Navarro Victor , Matikas Alexios , Ribeiro Joana Mourato , Schettini Francesco , Tolosa Pablo , Martínez-Sáez Olga , Sánchez-Bayona Rodrigo , Ferrero-Cafiero Juan M. , Salvador Fernando , Papakonstantinou Andri , Prat Aleix , Oliveira Mafalda , Pascual Tomas 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceRecent studies have investigated the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage breast cancer. However, there is an ongoing debate about the optimal approach for integrating this strategy.ObjectivesTo evaluate the association of neoadjuvant ICIs with pathologic complete response (pCR) across molecular phenotypes, to quantify the survival benefits of ICIs beyond pCR status, and to estimate the incidence of specific adverse events.Data SourcesThe PubMed database was searched on December 10, 2023, to identify all potential eligible studies.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed (neo)adjuvant ICI plus chemotherapy in early breast cancer.Data Extraction and SynthesisData from the eligible RCTs were extracted by 2 reviewers. An extracted individual patient data meta-analysis and a trial-level random-effect meta-analysis were performed.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)Outcomes were pCR, event-free survival (EFS) in patients with and without pCR, and adverse events. Hazard ratios were estimated using stratified Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsNine RCTs involving 5114 patients met the inclusion criteria (2097 triple-negative breast cancer [TNBC], 1924 hormone receptor–positive [HR+]/ERBB2-negative [ERBB2−], and 1115 ERBB2+ tumors). In TNBC, the addition of ICIs was associated with an improved pCR rate regardless of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) status (absolute improvement, &amp;gt;10%). In HR+/ ERBB2− tumors, the administration of ICIs was associated with improved pCR only in the PD-L1–positive (PD-L1+) population (absolute improvement, +12.2%), whereas no benefit was observed in ERBB2+ tumors. In patients with TNBC achieving a pCR, the addition of ICIs was associated with improved EFS (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.42-1.00), resulting in a 5-year EFS of 92.0% with ICIs compared with 88.0% without them. In patients with residual disease, ICIs also showed better EFS (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.98), resulting in a 5-year EFS of 63.3% with ICIs and 56.1% without them. Adjuvant ICI did not show numerical improvement in patients with either pCR or residual disease (all hazard ratios &amp;gt;1). During the neoadjuvant treatment, the incidence of grade 3 or greater immune-related adverse events with ICI was 10.3%.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that neoadjuvant ICI therapy improves efficacy outcomes in early-stage TNBC and PD-L1+ HR+/ERBB2− tumors with an acceptable safety profile; however, no benefit was observed with adjuvant ICI. Given the financial and toxicity costs associated with ICIs, future research should prioritize identifying patients most likely to benefit from the addition of ICIs to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Simultaneous high‐pitch multi‐energy CT pulmonary angiography using a dual‐source photon‐counting‐detector CT: A phantom experiment
Authors: Mihailovic Jelena M. , Bruesewitz Michael R. , Swicklik Joseph R. , Yalon Mariana , Rajiah Prabhakar S. , Fletcher Joel G. , McCollough Cynthia H. , Yu Lifeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeA dual‐source CT system can be operated in a high‐pitch helical mode to provide a temporal resolution of 66 ms, which reduces motion artifacts in CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA). It can also be operated in a multi‐energy (ME) mode to provide iodine maps, beneficial in the evaluation of pulmonary embolism (PE). No energy‐integrating detector (EID) CT can perform simultaneous ME and high‐pitch acquisition. This phantom study aimed to evaluate the ability of a photon‐counting‐detector (PCD) CT to perform simultaneous high‐pitch and ME imaging for CTPA.MethodsA motion phantom was used to mimic the respiratory motion. Two tubes filled with iodine with intravascular thrombus mimicked by injecting glue within the tubes were placed along with 5, 10, and 15 mg/mL iodine samples, on a motion phantom at 20 and 30 revolutions per minute. Separate high‐pitch and ME EID‐CT scans and a single high‐pitch ME PCD scan were acquired and virtual monoenergetic images and iodine maps reconstructed. Percent thrombus occlusion was measured and compared between static and moving images.ResultsWhen there was motion, EID‐CT ME suffered from significant motion artifacts. The measured iodine concentrations with PCD‐CT in high‐pitch ME were more stable when there was a motion, with a lower standard deviation than EID‐CT in ME mode. The estimated percent thrombus occlusion dropped significantly with applied motion on EID‐CT, while PCD‐CT high‐pitch ME mode showed good agreement between measurements on static or moving images.ConclusionPCD‐CT with combined ME and high‐pitch mode facilitates simultaneous accurate iodine quantification and assessment of intravascular occlusion.
Plasmonic Photovoltaic Effect of an Original 2D Electron Gas System and Application in Mid‐Infrared Imaging
Authors: Wang Yao , Zhu Haiming , Wu Chunxiang , Ren Ziyang , Liu Mengjuan , Zhai Yihui , Zhou Zhou , Gou Hanguang , Luo Xuefeng , Sheng Yusong , Fang Wei , Fang Minghu , Zhu He , Ali Nasir , Lai Weien , Zhu Jiaqi , Zhao Sihan , Wu Huizhen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOwing to their consistently emerging applications in modern photonics, highly sensitive and rapid mid‐infrared (MIR) photodetectors, operating at high temperatures, are of great significance. Herein, a novel PbTe/Ge heterostructure is introduced. Notably, the discovery of a 2D electron gas (2DEG) system on the surface of the PbTe layer is experimentally identified for the first time. A high‐performance PbTe/Ge heterostructure MIR photodetector utilizing a plasmonic photovoltaic effect is developed by employing asymmetric electrodes. The photodetecting device demonstrates an exceptionally high detectivity of 1.1 × 1011 Jones along with a short response time of 15 ns at room temperature. Additionally, the proposed plasmonic photovoltaic mechanism of the device is investigated and mainly ascribed to the propagating plasmons, generated by the coupling of the 2DEG with incident MIR photons. Moreover, a linear detector array (LDA) of PbTe/Ge is demonstrated for a thermal imaging application, which exhibits promising high‐quality real‐time imaging via the 2D photodetector arrays on Ge‐based integrated circuits. This work opens up a new way for the development of next‐generation, advanced MIR photonic devices and integrated photonic systems.
19.35% Efficient Binary Bulk‐Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Enabled by Optimizing Bromine‐Substituted Self‐Assembled Carbazole Based Molecules
Authors: Sun Xiaokang , Zhang Chenyang , Yao Yiguo , Lv Jie , Yao Jie , Ding Xiaoman , Lu Manjia , Zhu Liangxiang , Zhang Guangye , Lin Haoran , Shi Yumeng , Wang Kai , Yang Chunming , Ouyang Xiaoping , Hu Hanlin , McCulloch Iain , Lin Yuanbao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA bromine‐substituted [2‐(9H‐Carbazol‐9‐yl) ethyl] phosphonic acid, 1Br‐2PACz, is designed as hole‐selective self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), contributing to an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.35% for binary bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) based organic solar cells (OSCs). As compared to the previous high‐performance 2Br‐2PACz SAMs, 1Br‐2PACz molecules can effectively reduce the interaction of the SAM with the BTP‐eC9 nonfullerene acceptors with a decreased binding energy, resulting in the suppressed vertical self‐aggregation of BTP‐eC9 small molecules as the bottom side of PM6:BTP‐eC9 BHJ during the solidification process. There is decreased energetic disorder within photoactive layer together with more efficient charge transfer and suppressed non‐radiative recombination. Furthermore, five additional binary BHJ systems are applied in 1Br‐2PACz SAM‐based OSCs, exhibiting continuously superior performance as compared to the reference cells with conventional PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer. This work underscores the potential of advancing OSCs by fine‐tuning SAMs through halogenation strategies to improve active layer morphology and overall device performance.
Strategies for Improving Product Selectivity in Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Copper‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Li Yi , Sun Ye , Yu Miao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs an effective approach to converting carbon oxide (CO2) into value‐added carbonaceous products, the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) has shown considerable potential for carbon neutrality, addressing global pollution and climate issues. Copper (Cu)‐based electrocatalysts (CuECs) are acknowledged as important candidates for the ECO2RR of multi‐carbon products. Nevertheless, the complicated electron transfer and multiple competitive pathways in the multi‐carbon production process raise challenges of product selectivity. While achieving high current density and structural stability, improving the product selectivity of CuECs has become crucial to their practical applications. Herein, an overview of the fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic principles of ECO2RR are presented. Then, the typical strategies are summarized for increasing CuEC selectivity for the formation of multi‐carbon products from CO2, including morphological control, component design, defect design, and interface design. The catalyst design, catalytic performance, and reaction mechanisms involved in these strategies are reviewed. Finally, the major challenges and future prospects for high‐performance electrocatalysts in ECO2RR are discussed.
Bioinspired Green Underwater Adhesive Gelatin‐Tannic Acid Hydrogel With Wide Range Adjustable Adhesion Strength and Multiple Environmental Adaptability
Authors: Yuan Zhonghe , Wang Tao , Shao Chuyin , Yang Shurui , Sun Weixiang , Chen Yunhua , Peng Zhiping , Tong Zhen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderwater adhesion of hydrogels is essential for their applications in liquid environment. However, green raw materials, facile preparation process and multiple environmental adaptability are still issues that need to be improved. Inspired by the protein‐based underwater bio‐adhesion phenomena in nature, an effective stepwise immersion method is developed without any polymerization to prepare a green underwater adhesive hydrogel by combining gelatin and tannic acid (TA), two common materials from nature yet difficult to obtain their homogenous compound. By facile treatments in urea solution or heating, the hydrogels can realize stable immediate adhesion on various substrates and in different liquids in addition to water with a wide range of adjustable adhesion strength of 100–103 kPa. The evolution of the hydrogel network structure and the adhesion mechanism are systematically studied. Furthermore, several typical portable products based on the adhesive hydrogels are demonstrated to show the commercialization possibility. This work presented a novel, facile, and distinctive strategy for designing environmentally friendly, multiple adaptive adhesives.
Mechanistic Insights into the Role of Elements in Ni‐Co‐P Catalysts for Electrochemical Conversion of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Woo Jongin , Choi Jinu , Choi Juhyung , Lee Mi‐Young , Kim Eunji , Yun Sang , Yoo Suhwan , Lee Eunchong , Lee Ung , Won Da Hye , Park Jong Hyeok , Hwang Yun Jeong , Yoo Jong Suk , Lee Dong Ki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNi phosphides and NiCo alloys are extensively explored for their remarkable efficiency in biomass alcohol oxidations, yet the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood. This study thoroughly elucidates the roles of Ni, Co, and P in improving the catalytic performance of Ni‐Co‐P catalysts for the electrochemical conversion of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a promising biomass‐derived building block replacing terephthalic acid. Phosphorization of Ni results in the partial formation of Ni2P phase and significantly boosts the formation of the reactive NiOOH phase on the surface, which is the crucial catalytic phase for converting HMF into FDCA. The integration of Co into the heterojunction between Ni2P and NiOOH enhances the oxidation reactivity of 5‐formyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (FFCA), a pivotal intermediate influencing FDCA productivity, by selectively stabilizing aldehydes, thereby promoting further oxidation rather than surface desorption. in situ/operando spectroscopic analyses consistently highlight the equal significance of the rapid generation of NiOOH and the robust adsorption of reactant molecules at the surface in achieving high catalytic performance. These insights into elemental contributions set a new standard for designing multi‐component electrocatalysts for efficient biomass alcohol oxidation.
Enhancing Circular Dichroism in Chiral Perovskites via Dual Spacer Cation Engineering for Circularly Polarized Light Detection
Authors: Song Haeni , Kwak Minjoon , Choi Wonbin , Yoo Dongwon , Oh Joon Hak 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChiral hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have garnered considerable research interest in the field of optoelectronics, owing to their ability to integrate outstanding optoelectronic characteristics with distinct chiral or spin‐related properties. Although recent years have witnessed the rapid development of chiral perovskites, methods for producing perovskites with high absorption dissymmetry factors (gCD) enabling polarization‐resolved chiroptical applications are still lacking. This study introduces a strategic combination of dual spacer cations, i.e., achiral hexane‐1,6‐diammonium (HDA) and chiral 1‐(chlorophenyl)ethylammonium (ClPEA), for boosting the chiroptical performance of 2D lead iodide HOIPs. Interestingly, ortho‐ClPEA, incapable of forming 2D HOIPs independently, successfully creates 2D structures in collaboration with HDA, exhibiting CD signals aligned with the absorption characteristics of 2D HOIPs. This significant milestone leads to an outstanding gCD value of 0.018, positioning it among the top performers in the field of lead‐based HOIPs. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the fabrication of circularly polarized light (CPL) detectors with a photocurrent dissymmetry factor (gIph) of 0.12, utilizing the HOIPs with enhanced chiroptical activity.
Enhanced Electroluminescence Quantum Efficiency via Tunable 2D Built‐In Electric Fields
Authors: Yang Yutian , An Xuhong , Yang Jiafu , Fu Qiang , Wei Zhiyong , Ni Zhenhua , Ma Liang , Hu Zhenliang , Lu Junpeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe built‐in electric field (BIEF) is of utmost importance for 2D optoelectronic devices, which are typically realized in heterostructures created through interfacial engineering. However, the limitations of the sharp field distribution, inevitable energy band discontinuity, and inflexible construction of 2D heterostructures restrict their application. In this work, a large‐scale, continuous, and controllable BIEF using monolayer WxMo1−xS2 alloys with tunable composition gradients is constructed. Density functional simulations demonstrate that a BIEF can be formed within the whole alloy due to the charge distribution resulting from the composition gradients. Accordingly, a monolayer WxMo1−xS2 alloy with a controllable composition gradient via two‐step chemical vapor deposition and confirmed the continuous tunability of the band structure and the variation in the composition gradient within the alloy is synthesized. Using the BIEF, 2D light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based on WxMo1−xS2 alloys and achieve strong electroluminescence emission are constructed. A large BIEF facilitates charge carrier migration and recombination, and the external quantum efficiency (over 0.62%) is more than 5 times that of small BIEF LEDs. The study not only provides a novel approach for the on‐demand design of a BIEF but also provides an opportunity for potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
Antifreeze Protein Activity: From Ice Binding to Ice Growth Inhibition
Authors: Midya Uday Sankar , Bandyopadhyay Sanjoy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAntifreeze proteins (AFPs) lower the freezing point of water without affecting the melting point appereciably. To elucidate the behavior of AFPs, a series of simulations are conducted using Tenebrio molitor antifreeze protein (TmAFP) as a paradigm protein. This review highlights important findings obtained from those studies. Explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations illustrate that, in order to get adsorbed on to the ice surfaces, a very specific kind of hydration structure and dynamics are developed on the ice‐binding surface (IBS) of TmAFP. The complementary arrangement of water molecules and protein residues in the ice‐bound state of the protein is determined from heterogeneous ice nucleation simulation on a model IBS. The result shows that the regular structure of ice is not maintained at the protein‐ice interface. Water molecules are found to form five‐membered hydrogen‐bonded rings with protein residues. It is further demonstrated that TmAFP carries its own binding motif while it is present freely in solution. Hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions together contribute to form such motif on the IBS of the protein. Further, the growth of ice in presence of the protein bound to an ice plane is found to be inhibited by the Kelvin effect.
Tuning Immune‐Cold Tumor by Suppressing USP10/B7‐H4 Proteolytic Axis Reinvigorates Therapeutic Efficacy of ADCs
Authors: Zeng Lidan , Zhu Yueming , Cui Xin , Chi Junlong , Uddin Amad , Zhou Zhuan , Song Xinxin , Dai Mingji , Cristofanilli Massimo , Kalinsky Kevin , Wan Yong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTuning immune‐cold tumor hot has largely attracted attention to improve cancer treatment, including immunotherapy and antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs). Utilizing multiomic analyses and experimental validation, this work identifies a pivotal role for the USP10/B7‐H4 proteolytic axis in mediating the interplay between tumor immune responses and ADC efficacy, particularly for sacituzumab govitecan (SG) in treating triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Mechanistically, the inhibition of autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR)‐mediated ubiquitylation of B7‐H4 by the deubiquitinase USP10 leads to the stabilization of B7‐H4, which suppresses tumor immune activity and reduces SG treatment effectiveness. Pharmacological inhibition of USP10 promotes the degradation of B7‐H4, enhancing tumor immunogenicity and consequently improving the tumor‐killing efficacy of SG. In preclinical TNBC models, suppression of USP10/B7‐H4 proteolytic axis is effective in increasing SG killing efficacy and reducing tumor growth, especially for the tumors with the USP10high/B7‐H7high signature. Collectively, these findings uncover a novel strategy for targeting the immunosuppressive molecule B7‐H4 for cancer therapy.
Sphingosine Kinase 2 Regulates Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocation and Target Gene Activation
Authors: Yokoyama Shigetoshi , Koo Imhoi , Aibara Daisuke , Tian Yuan , Murray Iain A. , Collins Stephanie L. , Coslo Denise M. , Kono Mari , Peters Jeffrey M. , Proia Richard L. , Gonzalez Frank J. , Perdew Gary H. , Patterson Andrew D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSphingolipids play vital roles in metabolism and regulation. Previously, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand‐activated transcription factor, was reported to directly regulate ceramide synthesis genes by binding to their promoters. Herein, sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2), responsible for producing sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), was found to interact with AHR through LXXLL motifs, influencing AHR nuclear localization. Through mutagenesis and co‐transfection studies, AHR activation and subsequent nuclear translocation was hindered by SPHK2 LXXLL mutants or SPHK2 lacking a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Similarly, an NLS‐deficient AHR mutant impaired SPHK2 nuclear translocation. Silencing SPHK2 reduced AHR expression and its target gene CYP1A1, while SPHK2 overexpression enhanced AHR activity. SPHK2 was found enriched on the CYP1A1 promoter, underscoring its role in AHR target gene activation. Additionally, S1P rapidly increased AHR expression at both the mRNA and protein levels and promoted AHR recruitment to the CYP1A1 promoter. Using mouse models, AHR deficiency compromised SPHK2 nuclear translocation, illustrating a critical interaction where SPHK2 facilitates AHR nuclear localization and supports a positive feedback loop between AHR and sphingolipid enzyme activity in the nucleus. These findings highlight a novel function of SPHK2 in regulating AHR activity and gene expression.
Motor versus Psychomotor? Deciphering the Neural Source of Psychomotor Retardation in Depression
Authors: Song Xue Mei , Liu Dong‐Yu , Hirjak Dusan , Hu Xi‐Wen , Han Jin‐Fang , Roe Anna Wang , Yao De‐Zhong , Tan Zhong‐Lin , Northoff Georg 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by psychomotor retardation whose underlying neural source remains unclear. Psychomotor retardation may either be related to a motor source like the motor cortex or, alternatively, to a psychomotor source with neural changes outside motor regions, like input regions such as visual cortex. These two alternative hypotheses in main (n = 41) and replication (n = 18) MDD samples using 7 Tesla MRI are investigated. Analyzing both global and local connectivity in primary motor cortex (BA4), motor network and middle temporal visual cortex complex (MT+), the main findings in MDD are: 1) Reduced local and global synchronization and increased local‐to‐global output in motor regions, which do not correlate with psychomotor retardation, though. 2) Reduced local‐to‐local BA4 – MT+ functional connectivity (FC) which correlates with psychomotor retardation. 3) Reduced global synchronization and increased local‐to‐global output in MT+ which relate to psychomotor retardation. 4) Reduced variability in the psychophysical measures of MT+ based motion perception which relates to psychomotor retardation. Together, it is shown that visual cortex MT+ and its relation to motor cortex play a key role in mediating psychomotor retardation. This supports psychomotor over motor hypothesis about the neural source of psychomotor retardation in MDD.