bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid assessment of a flood‐affected population through a spatial data model
Authors: Raza S.F. , Ahsan M.S. , Ahmad S.R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDuring humanitarian emergencies, well‐timed information on affected populations is central in planning humanitarian responses and the optimum allocation of available resources. However, this is usually only available following an on‐ground assessment which, in most of the cases, comes too late to contribute to the initial decision‐making process that informs the first wave of humanitarian response. To address this problem, a spatial model was developed for the assessment of the flood‐affected population in a near real‐time scenario. A flood extent vector, extracted from MODerate resolution Imaging Spectro‐radiometer daily images, was superimposed on a LandScan population grid to estimate the population count living in the flooded area, aggregated by their respective administrative level. The methodology was found to be both time‐ and cost‐efficient for riverine floods. The model was tested for its accuracy using an on‐ground initial vulnerability assessment and the figures matched to within 80–90%. This model can be used with a confidence level of ±10% for riverine floods.
Transient renal dysfunction with reversible splenial lesion
Authors: Watanabe Toru , Matsuda Tomoka , Kitagata Ryoichi , Tajima Iwao , Ono Hiroyuki , Hirano Keiko , Shirai Masami , Endoh Akira , Hongo Teruaki 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report the case of a 6‐month‐old boy with transient renal dysfunction who had an intensified signal in the splenium of the corpus callosum on magnetic resonance imaging. He presented to hospital with fever and sudden disturbance of consciousness. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis did not show pleocytosis. The mild consciousness disturbance disappeared after 30 min, but the splenial signal persisted even after 8 days. Further, renal glucosuria, increased excretion of select amino acids, and abnormal fractional excretion of electrolytes were observed, indicating renal tubular dysfunction. The abnormal urinary findings spontaneously resolved by day 9 of hospitalization. The splenial lesion took 21 days to normalize. There were no signs of neurological complications 2 months later. This case suggests the possibility of renal involvement in splenial lesions.
Congenital left ventricular aneurysm coexisting with left ventricular non‐compaction in a newborn
Authors: Ootani Katsuki , Shimada Jun , Kitagawa Yosuke , Konno Yuki , Miura Fumitake , Takahashi Toru , Ito Etsuro , Ichinose Kouta , Yonesaka Susumu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDescribed herein is the case of a rare combination of congenital left ventricular (LV) aneurysm and left ventricular non‐compaction (LVNC) in a newborn. The patient developed refractory heart failure soon after birth and died at 5 months of age. The etiology of both congenital LV aneurysm and LVNC seems to be maldevelopment of the ventricular myocardium during early fetal life. Treatment should be individually tailored depending on clinical severity, and treatment options are limited. Given that this combination of congenital LV aneurysm and LVNC is significantly associated with poor prognosis, it appears that patients with congenital LV aneurysm and LVNC are candidates for early, aggressive intervention, including surgical aneurysmectomy and evaluation for transplantation. It is important to be aware of this combination of congenital LV aneurysm and LVNC, and to make earlier decisions on therapeutic strategy.
16q12 microdeletion syndrome in two Japanese boys
Authors: Morisada Naoya , Sekine Takashi , Ishimori Shingo , Tsuda Masahiko , Adachi Masao , Nozu Kandai , Nakanishi Koichi , Tanaka Ryojiro , Iijima Kazumoto 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMicrodeletion of 16q12 is a rare chromosomal abnormality. We present the cases of two Japanese patients with developmental and renal symptoms of differing clinical severity. Both patients had 16q12 interstitial microdeletions that included the entire SALL1 gene. Patient 1 was a 15‐year‐old Japanese boy clinically diagnosed with branchio‐oto‐renal syndrome with mild developmental delay, but with no imperforate anus or polydactyly. Array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) indicated a 5.2 Mb deletion in 16q12, which included SALL1. Patient 2 was a 13‐year‐old Japanese boy diagnosed with Townes–Brocks syndrome and severe developmental delay, epilepsy, and renal insufficiency requiring renal replacement therapy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated deletion of the entire SALL1 gene. Subsequent aCGH showed a 6 Mb deletion in 16q12q13, which included SALL1. Precise analysis of the present two cases will give us some clues to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of 16q12 microdeletion syndrome.
Experimental Study and Numerical Modelling of Creep and Stress Relaxation of Dielectric Elastomers
Authors: Sahu R. , Patra K. , Szpunar J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDielectric elastomers (DEs) are gaining acceptance as potential actuator materials because of their exhibition of a large amount of deformation when stimulated by electrostatic forces. However, time‐dependent behaviour such as creep and stress relaxation still pose a great challenge for the design, modelling and control of the DE‐based actuators. In this work, attempts are made for experimental estimation and modelling of creep and relaxation properties of one of the most widely used dielectric acrylic elastomers, VHB 4910. Experimental investigation shows that the material possesses strong time‐dependent creep and stress relaxation. It has been shown that creep and stress relaxation characteristics vary with the holding stress and holding strain respectively. Creep and stress relaxation properties are also shown to depend on the number of cycles in the case of cyclic loading. Results also show that Findley's power law can successfully model the creep and stress relaxation behaviour of the VHB 4910 elastomer.
Comparison of an alternative and existing binning methods to reduce the acquisition duration of 4D PET/CT
Authors: Didierlaurent David , Jaudet Cyril , Ribes Sophie , Batatia Hadj , Dierickx Lawrence O. , Zerdoud Slimane , Brillouet Severine , Weyts Kathleen , Courbon Frédéric , Caselles Olivier 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:Respiratory motion is a source of artifacts that reduce image quality in PET. Four dimensional (4D) PET/CT is one approach to overcome this problem. Existing techniques to limiting the effects of respiratory motions are based on prospective phase binning which requires a long acquisition duration (15–25 min). This time is uncomfortable for the patients and limits the clinical exploitation of 4D PET/CT. In this work, the authors evaluated an existing method and an alternative retrospective binning method to reduce the acquisition duration of 4D PET/CT.Methods:The authors studied an existing mixed‐amplitude binning (MAB) method and an alternative binning method by mixed‐phases (MPhB). Before implementing MPhB, they analyzed the regularity of the breathing patterns in patients. They studied the breathing signal drift and missing CT slices that could be challenging for implementing MAB. They compared the performance of MAB and MPhB with current binning methods to measure the maximum uptake, internal volume, and maximal range of tumor motion.Results:MPhB can be implemented depending on an optimal phase (in average, the exhalation peak phase −4.1% of the entire breathing cycle duration). Signal drift of patients was in average 35% relative to the breathing amplitude. Even after correcting this drift, MAB was feasible in 4D CT for only 64% of patients. No significant differences appeared between the different binning methods to measure the maximum uptake, internal volume, and maximal range of tumor motion. The authors also determined the inaccuracies of MAB and MPhB to measure the maximum amplitude of tumor motion with three bins (less than 3 mm for movement inferior to 12 mm, up to 6.4 mm for a 21 mm movement).Conclusions:The authors proposed an alternative binning method by mixed‐phase binning that halves the acquisition duration of 4D PET/CT. Mixed‐amplitude binning was challenging because of signal drift and missing CT slices. They showed that more than three bins were necessary for a more accurate measurement of the maximum amplitude of the tumor motion. However, the current 4D‐CT technology limits the increase of the number of bins in 4D PET/CT because of missing CT slices. One can reconstruct 4D PET images with more bins but without attenuation/scatter correction.
CD8 T Cells in Innate Immune Responses: Using STAT4-Dependent but Antigen-Independent Pathways to Gamma Interferon during Viral Infection
Authors: Suarez-Ramirez Jenny E. , Tarrio Margarite L. , Kim Kwangsin , Demers Delia A. , Biron Christine A. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-γ), with antimicrobial and immunoregulatory functions, can be produced by T cells following stimulation through their T cell receptors (TCRs) for antigen. The innate cytokines type 1 IFNs and interleukin-12 (IL-12) can also stimulate IFN-γ production by natural killer (NK) but not naive T cells. High basal expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4), used by type 1 IFN and IL-12 to induce IFN-γ as well as CD25, contributes to the NK cell responses. During acute viral infections, antigen-specific CD8 T cells are stimulated to express elevated STAT4 and respond to the innate factors with IFN-γ production. Little is known about the requirements for cytokine compared to TCR stimulation. Primary infections of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) demonstrated that although the elicited antigen-specific CD8 T cells acquired STAT4-dependent innate cytokine responsiveness for IFN-γ and CD25 inductionex vivo, TCR stimulation induced these through STAT4-independent pathways. During secondary infections, LCMV-immune CD8 T cells had STAT4-dependent IFN-γ expression at times of innate cytokine induction but subsequently expanded through STAT4-independent pathways. At times of innate cytokine responses during infection with the antigen-distinct murine cytomegalovirus virus (MCMV), NK and LCMV-immune CD8 T cells both had activation of pSTAT4 and IFN-γ. The T cell IFN-γ response was STAT4 and IL-12 dependent, but antigen-dependent expansion was absent. By dissecting requirements for STAT4 and antigen, this work provides novel insights into the endogenous regulation of cytokine and proliferative responses and demonstrates conditioning of innate immunity by experience.IMPORTANCEUnderstanding the regulation and function of adaptive immunity is key to the development of new and improved vaccines. Its CD8 T cells are activated through antigen-specific receptors to contribute to long-lasting immunity after natural infections or purposeful immunization. The antigen-receptor pathway of stimulation can lead to production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), a cytokine having both direct antimicrobial and immunoregulatory functions. Natural killer cells can also produce IFN-γ in response to the innate cytokines type 1 IFNs and/or interleukin-12. This work demonstrates that CD8 T cells acquire parallel responsiveness to innate cytokine signaling for IFN-γ expression during their selection and development and maintain this capability to participate in innate immune responses as long-lived memory cells. Thus, CD8 T cells are conditioned to play a role in innate immunity, and their presence under immune conditions has the potential to regulate resistance to either secondary challenges or primary infections with unrelated agents.
Ethnic variations in five lower gastrointestinal diseases: Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage Study
Authors: Bhopal Raj S , Cezard Genevieve , Bansal Narinder , Ward Hester J T , Bhala Neeraj 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesOur objective was to augment the limited evidence mainly from local, clinical studies of ethnic differences in gastrointestinal disorders. Our question was: are there ethnic variations in hospitalisation/death for lower gastrointestinal disorders in Scotland?SettingScotland.PopulationThis retrospective-cohort linked 4.65 (of 4.9) million people in the 2001 census of Scotland (providing data on ethnicity, country of birth and indicators of socioeconomic deprivation) to 9 years of National Health Service hospitalisation and death records.Primary and secondary outcome measures and analysisFor appendicitis, we studied all ages; for irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and diverticular disease, we included those ≥20 years. Using Poisson regression (robust variance) we calculated, by ethnic group and sex, first-hospitalisation/death age-adjusted rates per 100 000 person-years, and relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs multiplied by 100, so the White Scottish reference population had an RR=100.ResultsThere were ethnic variations; for example, for irritable bowel syndrome, RRs (95% CIs) were comparatively high in Other White British women (128.4 (111.0 to 148.6)), and low in Pakistani women (75.1 (60.6 to 93.1)). For appendicitis, RRs were high in men in Other White British (145.2 (127.8 to 164.9)), and low in most non-White groups, for example, Pakistanis (73.8 (56.9 to 95.6)). For ulcerative colitis, RRs were high in Indian (169.8 (109.7 to 262.7)) and Pakistani (160.8 (104.2 to 248.2)) men. For Crohn's disease, the RR was high in Pakistani men (209.2 (149.6 to 292.6)). For diverticular disease, RRs were high in Irish men (176.0 (156.9 to 197.5)), and any Mixed background women (144.6 (107.4 to 194.8)), and low in most non-White groups, for example, Chinese men (47.1 (31.0 to 71.6) and women (46.0 (30.4 to 69.8)).ConclusionsAppendicitis and diverticular disease were comparatively low in most non-White groups, while ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease were mostly higher in South Asians. Describing and understanding such patterns may help clinical practice and research internationally.
Colorectal Cancer Screening in First Nations People Living in Manitoba
Authors: Decker Kathleen M. , Demers Alain A. , Kliewer Erich V. , Musto Grace , Shu Emma , Biswanger Natalie , Elias Brenda , Griffith Jane , Turner Donna 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Background: Because the burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) seems to be increasing in First Nations, it is important to better understand CRC screening utilization. The objective of this study was to describe CRC screening among First Nations living in Manitoba.
Methods: The Federal Indian Register was linked to two provincial databases. A negative binomial model was used to compare the probability of First Nations having a fecal occult blood test (FOBT), colonoscopy, or flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) with all other Manitobans.
Results: First Nations who lived in Winnipeg were significantly less likely to have had a FOBT in the previous 2 years than all other Manitobans who lived in Winnipeg [rate ratio (RR) = 0.40; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.37–0.44]. There was no difference in the likelihood of having a colonoscopy or FS for First Nations individuals who resided in northern Manitoba compared with all other Manitobans (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.91–1.19). However, First Nations who lived in the rural south or urban areas were less likely than all other Manitobans to have had a colonoscopy or FS (RR, 0.81, 95% CI, 0.75–0.87, rural south; RR, 0.86, 95% CI, 0.81–0.92, urban).
Conclusions: First Nations living in Winnipeg were significantly less likely to be screened for CRC using the FOBT. Colonoscopy and FS use depended on area of residence.
Impact: First Nations experience barriers that impede the use of CRC screening. Further research is needed to understand these barriers to extend the benefit of CRC screening to this population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 241–8. ©2014 AACR.
Zinc Finger Nucleases Targeting the Human Papillomavirus E7 Oncogene Induce E7 Disruption and a Transformed Phenotype in HPV16/18-Positive Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Ding Wencheng , Hu Zheng , Zhu Da , Jiang Xiaohui , Yu Lan , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Changlin , Wang Liming , Ji Teng , Li Kezhen , He Dan , Xia Xi , Liu Dan , Zhou Jianfeng , Ma Ding , Wang Hui 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Cervical cancer is mainly caused by infections of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). Persistent expression of HR-HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 is implicated in malignant transformation. The aim was to provide proof-of-concept data to support use of zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) targeting HPV E7 to treat HPV-related cervical cancer.
Experimental Design: We designed and constructed ZFNs that could specifically recognize and cleave HPV16/18 E7 DNA. We tested the cleavage efficiency of selected ZFN16-E7-S2 and ZFN18-E7-S2 by using single-strand annealing (SSA) assay. Cell viability and colony formation assays were used to estimate the inhibition of cell growth that received treatments of ZFNs. Gene disruption of HPV E7 and downstream genes were examined by Western blotting. Cell apoptosis assay was used to test the specificity and efficiency of induction of HPV type-specific apoptosis. We also introduced xenograft formation assays to estimate the potential of inhibition of HPV-related disease.
Results: We found ZFN16-E7-S2 and ZFN18-E7-S2 disrupted HPV E7 oncogenes in HPV16/18–positive cervical cancer cells. Both ZFNs effectively led to inhibition of type-specific cervical cancer cell growth, and specifically induced apoptosis of corresponding HPV16- and HPV18-positive cervical cancer cell lines. ZFN16-E7-S2 and ZFN18-E7-S2 also repressed xenograft formation in vivo.
Conclusion: ZFNs targeting HPV16/18 E7 could effectively induce disruption of E7 oncogenes and lead to type-specific and efficient growth inhibition and apoptosis of HPV-positive cells. ZFNs targeting HPV16/18 E7 oncogenes could be used as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of HPV-related cervical cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(24); 6495–503. ©2014 AACR.
First-in-Human Phase I Dose Escalation Study of a Second-Generation Non-Ansamycin HSP90 Inhibitor, AT13387, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Kwak Eunice , Dezube Bruce J. , Yule Murray , Ayrton John , Lyons John , Mahadevan Daruka 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Purpose: AT13387 is a potent second-generation, fragment-derived HSP90 inhibitor. This phase I study investigated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles of two AT13387 regimens in a refractory solid tumor population.
Experimental Design: Standard 3+3 dose escalation was used. MTD and RP2D determinations were based on the occurrence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and overall toxicity, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters were measured after single and multiple doses. AT13387-mediated induction of HSP70 was evaluated in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and paired tumor biopsies.
Results: Sixty-two patients were treated with doses ranging from 10 to 120 mg/m2 twice weekly and 150 to 310 mg/m2 once weekly (both for 3 weeks every 28 days). One DLT of visual disturbance occurred at 120 mg/m2, which was considered the MTD and RP2D for the twice-weekly regimen. No formal DLTs occurred in the once-weekly regimen, but multiple moderately severe toxicities, including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and systemic infusion reactions, led to selection of 260 mg/m2 as the RP2D. Exposures of AT13387 increased proportionally with dose. Target engagement as measured by HSP70 induction occurred in plasma and tumor biopsy samples. One patient with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) who had progressive disease on imatinib had a partial response and remained on treatment for 10 months. Twenty-one patients (34%) had stable disease, which lasted &gt;120 days in 7 patients.
Conclusion: AT13387 administered once or twice weekly has an acceptable safety profile and demonstrated evidence of target engagement and preliminary antitumor activity. Clin Cancer Res; 21(1); 87–97. ©2014 AACR.
Moving from Evaluation to Value in Cancer Care
Authors: Schilsky Richard L. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Defining clinically meaningful outcomes for clinical trials provides a foundation for assessing and improving the value of cancer care by conducting multidisciplinary research in clinical trial design, comparative effectiveness, patient preferences, health outcomes, and economics captured through analysis of data generated in clinical trials and real-world clinical practice. Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 947–9. ©2014 AACR.
See related article by Sobrero et al., p. 1036
Revascularization Decisions in Patients With Stable Angina and Intermediate Lesions
Authors: Toth Gabor G. , Toth Balint , Johnson Nils P. , De Vroey Frederic , Di Serafino Luigi , Pyxaras Stylianos , Rusinaru Dan , Di Gioia Giuseppe , Pellicano Mariano , Barbato Emanuele , Van Mieghem Carlos , Heyndrickx Guy R. , De Bruyne Bernard , Wijns William 
Published: October 2014

Background—
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement of intermediate coronary stenoses is recommended by guidelines when demonstration of ischemia by noninvasive testing is unavailable. The study aims to evaluate the penetration of this recommendation into current thinking about revascularization strategies for stable coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results—

International Survey on Interventional Strategy was conducted via a web-based platform. First, participants’ experiences in interventional cardiology were queried. Second, 5 complete angiograms were provided, presenting only focal intermediate stenoses. FFR and quantitative coronary angiography values were known; however, remained undisclosed. Determination of stenosis significance was asked for each lesion. In cases of uncertainty, the most appropriate adjunctive invasive diagnostic method among quantitative coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, or FFR needed to be selected. International Survey on Interventional Strategy was taken by 495 participants who provided 4421 lesion evaluations. In 3158 (71%) decisions, participants relied solely on angiographic appearance that was discordant in 47% with the known FFR, using 0.80 as cutoff value. The use of FFR and imaging modalities was requested in 21% and 8%, respectively. Comparing 4 groups of participants according to the experience in FFR, angiogram-based decisions were less frequent with increasing experience (77% versus 72% versus 69% versus 67%, respectively;
P
<0.001). As a result, requests for FFR were more frequent (14% versus 19% versus 24% versus 28%, respectively;
P
<0.001) and rates of discordant decisions decreased (51% versus 49% versus 47% versus 43%, respectively;
P
<0.022).

Conclusions—
The findings confirm that, even when all potential external constraints are virtually eliminated, visual estimation continues to dominate the treatment decisions for intermediate stenoses, indicative of a worrisome disconnect between recommendations and current practice.