bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Size Really Matter? Organizational Size and Innovations in Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Jaskyte Kristina 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between size and innovation in a sample of nonprofit organizations. The author employed a number of size estimates (personnel and financial) and assessed different types of innovations (administrative and technological). Additionally, since the failure to take into consideration important contextual variables has been attributed to producing misleading conclusions about the relationship between size and innovation, the author controlled for those variables (formalization, centralization, specialization, leadership, board size, and organization's age) when assessing this relationship. The results of hierarchical multiple regressions showed that although the personnel size estimates were important predictors by themselves, their significance disappeared when contextual variables were introduced. Board size and organization age were significant predictors of administrative innovations. Board size was the only significant predictor of technological innovations, as well as of a total number of innovations.
Crystallization and melting of poly(glycerol adipate)‐based graft copolymers with single and double crystallizable side chains
Authors: Pfefferkorn Dirk , Pulst Martin , Naolou Toufik , Busse Karsten , Balko Jens , Kressler Jörg 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe crystallization and melting behavior of a series of poly(glycerol adipate) (PGA) based graft copolymers with either poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), or PCL‐b‐PEO diblock copolymer side chains (i.e., PGA‐g‐PCL, PGA‐g‐PEO, and PGA‐g‐(PCL‐b‐PEO)) was studied using polarized light optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). These results were compared with the behavior of the corresponding linear analogs (PEO, PCL, and PCL‐b‐PEO). POM revealed that spherulitic morphology was retained after grafting. However, spherulite radius as well as radial growth rate was significantly smaller in the graft copolymers. Evaluation of isothermal crystallization kinetics by means of the Avrami theory revealed that the nucleation density was much higher in the graft copolymers. The DSC results indicated that the degree of crystallinity decreased strongly upon grafting while the melting temperatures of PGA‐g‐PCL and PGA‐g‐PEO were found to be close to the values of neat PCL and PEO, respectively. This was attributed to the absence of specific thermodynamic interactions, and, additionally, to lamella thicknesses being similar to those of the homopolymers. The latter point was confirmed by SAXS measurements. In case of PCL‐b‐PEO diblock copolymers and PGA‐g‐(PCL‐b‐PEO) graft copolymers, the crystallization behavior and thus the resulting lamellar morphology is more complex, and a suitable model was developed based on a combination of DSC, WAXD, and SAXS data. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1581–1591
The validity of the distress thermometer in prostate cancer populations
Authors: Chambers Suzanne K. , Zajdlewicz Leah , Youlden Danny R. , Holland Jimmie C. , Dunn Jeff 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe Distress Thermometer (DT) is widely recommended for screening for distress after cancer. However, the validity of the DT in men with prostate cancer and over differing time points from diagnosis has not been well examined.MethodReceiver operating characteristics analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the DT compared with three commonly used standardised scales in two prospective and one cross‐sectional survey of men with prostate cancer (n = 740, 189 and 463, respectively). Comparison scales included the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES‐R, Study 1), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, Study 2) and the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18 (BSI‐18, Study 3).ResultsStudy 1: the DT showed good accuracy against the IES‐R at all time points (area under curves (AUCs) ranging from 0.84 to 0.88) and sensitivity was high (>85%). Study 2: the DT performed well against both the anxiety and depression subscales for HADS at baseline (AUC = 0.84 and 0.82, respectively), but sensitivity decreased substantially after 12 months. Study 3: validity was high for the anxiety (AUC = 0.90, sensitivity = 90%) and depression (AUC = 0.85, sensitivity = 74%) subscales of the BSI‐18 but was poorer for somatization (AUC = 0.67, sensitivity = 52%). A DT cut‐off between ≥3 and ≥6 maximised sensitivity and specificity across analyses.ConclusionsThe DT is a valid tool to detect cancer‐specific distress, anxiety and depression among prostate cancer patients, particularly close to diagnosis. A cut‐off of ≥4 may be optimal soon after diagnosis, and for longer‐term assessments, ≥3 was supported. © 2013 The Authors. Psycho‐Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of cell growth and l-lysine production by genetically modified Corynebacterium glutamicum during growth on molasses
Authors: Xu Jianzhong , Zhang Junlan , Guo Yanfeng , Zai Yugui , Zhang Weiguo 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and fructokinase (ScrK) have important roles in regenerating glucose-6-phosphate in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and thus increasing l-lysine production. This article focuses on the development of l-lysine high-producing strains by heterologous expression of FBPase gene fbp and ScrK gene scrK in C. glutamicum lysCfbr with molasses as the sole carbon source. Heterologous expression of fbp and scrK lead to a decrease of residual sugar in fermentation broth, and heterologous expression of scrK prevents the fructose efflux. Heterologous expression of fbp and scrK not only increases significantly the activity of corresponding enzymes but also improves cell growth during growth on molasses. FBPase activities are increased tenfold by heterologous expression of fbp, whereas the FBPase activity is only increase fourfold during co-expression of scrK and fbp. Compared with glucose, the DCW of heterologous expression strains are higher on molasses except co-expression of fbp and scrK strain. In addition, heterologous expression of fbp and scrK can strongly increase the l-lysine production with molasses as the sole carbon source. The highest increase (88.4 %) was observed for C. glutamicum lysCfbr pDXW-8-fbp-scrK, but the increase was also significant for C. glutamicum lysCfbr pDXW-8-fbp (47.2 %) and C. glutamicum lysCfbr pDXW-8-scrK (36.8 %). By-products, such as glycerol and dihydroxyacetone, are decreased by heterologous expression of fbp and scrK, whereas trehalose is only slightly increased. The strategy for enhancing l-lysine production by regeneration of glucose-6-phosphate in PPP may provide a reference to enhance the production of other amino acids during growth on molasses or starch.
Developmental trajectories of romantic stages and associations with problem behaviours during adolescence
Authors: Connolly Jennifer , Nguyen Hien N.T. , Pepler Debra , Craig Wendy , Jiang Depeng 
Published: September 2013

AbstractNormative romantic development is theorized to progress through a series of stages: affiliative activities, group‐based dating, and romantic relationships. The objectives of this research were threefold: empirically examine this progression of romantic stages during adolescence, determine normative and atypical trajectories, and examine links with internalizing and externalizing symptoms. An eight‐wave longitudinal study was conducted with 698 adolescents (53.6% female;Mage= 11.8 years at start of study). A group‐based trajectory approach was employed to identify prototypical trajectories of romantic development and a model with three distinct romantic trajectories (i.e., On‐time, Early Starters and Late Bloomers) was identified. Both timing and sequencing of romantic activity differed among trajectory groups. Analysis of Variance (ANOVAs) identified associations between Early Starters and externalizing behaviours in early, middle and later adolescence. The findings support progression through theorized stages of romantic activity and highlight the problems that are linked to early‐starting and non‐sequenced romantic development.
Addendum to “Morse theory of causal geodesics in a stationary spacetime via Morse theory of geodesics of a Finsler metric” [Ann. I. H. Poincaré – AN 27 (3) (2010) 857–876]
Authors: Caponio Erasmo , Javaloyes Miguel Ángel , Masiello Antonio 
Published: September 2013

We give the details of the proof of equality (29) in Caponio et al. (2010) [3].

Résumé
On donne les détails de la preuve de lʼéquation (29) dans Caponio et al. (2010) [3].
Unravelling the Rayleigh–Taylor instability by stabilization
Authors: Poehlmann A. , Richter R. , Rehberg I. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA recently proposed stabilization mechanism for the Rayleigh–Taylor instability, using magnetic fluids and azimuthally rotating magnetic fields, is experimentally investigated in a cylindrical geometry and compared with the theoretical model. This approach allows the imperfection of the experimental setup to be exploited for measuring the critical field strength of the instability without ever reaching the supercritical state. Furthermore, we use a fast increase in the magnetic field strength to prevent an already occurring instability and force the system back to its initial state. In this way we measure the growth dynamics repeatedly and acquire the characteristic time scale ${\tau }_{0} $ of the instability.
Steady gravity waves due to a submerged source
Authors: Lustri Christopher J. , Chapman S. Jonathan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn the low-Froude-number limit, free-surface gravity waves caused by flow past a submerged obstacle have amplitude that is exponentially small. Consequently, these cannot be represented using an asymptotic series expansion. Steady linearized flow past a submerged source is considered, and exponential asymptotic methods are applied to determine the behaviour of the free-surface gravity waves. The free surface is found to contain longitudinal and transverse waves that switch on rapidly across curves known as Stokes lines on the free surface. The longitudinal waves are present everywhere downstream of the singularity, while the transverse waves are restricted to two downstream wedges. As the depth of the source approaches the surface, the familiar Kelvin-wedge wave behaviour is recovered.
INCIDENCE SEMIRINGS OF GRAPHS AND VISIBLE BASES
Authors: ABAWAJY J. , KELAREV A. V. , MILLER M. , RYAN J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe consider the incidence semirings of graphs and prove that every incidence semiring has convenient visible bases for its right ideals and for its left ideals, and that these visible bases can be used to determine the weights of all right ideals that have maximum weight and all left ideals that have maximum weight.
ENHANCING MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY USING ORGANIC INPUTS AND MINERAL FERTILIZER IN CENTRAL KENYA SMALL-HOLD FARMS
Authors: MUCHERU-MUNA MONICAH , MUGENDI DANIEL , PYPERS PIETER , MUGWE JAYNE , KUNG'U JAMES , VANLAUWE BERNARD , MERCKX ROEL 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYDeclining land productivity is a major problem facing smallholder farmers today in Sub-Saharan Africa, and as a result increase in maize grain yield has historically staggered behind yield gains that have been achieved elsewhere in the world. This decline primarily results from reduction in soil fertility caused by continuous cultivation without adequate addition of external nutrient inputs. Improved soil fertility management practices, which combine organic and mineral fertilizer inputs, can enable efficient use of inputs applied, and can increase overall system's productivity. The trials were established at two sites with different soil fertility status to determine the effects of various organic sources (Tithonia diversifolia, Mucuna pruriens, Calliandra calothyrsus and cattle manure) and their combinations with mineral fertilizer on maize grain yield, economic return and soil chemical properties. Drought spells were common during the peak water requirement periods, and during all the seasons most (90%) of the rainfall was received before 50% flowering. In good and poor sites, there was a significant (p < 0.001) effect of season on maize grain yield. Tithonia diversifolia recorded the highest (4.2 t ha−1) average maize grain yield in the poor site, while Calliandra calothyrsus gave the highest (4.8 t ha−1) average maize grain yield in the good site. Maize grain yields were lower in treatments with sole fertilizer compared with treatments that included organic fertilizers. The maize grain yields were higher with sole organics compared with treatments integrating organic and inorganic fertilizers. Soil pH increment was statistically significant in the sole manure treatment in good and poor sites (t-test, p = 0.036 and 0.013), respectively. In the poor site, magnesium increased significantly in the sole manure and manure + 30 kg N ha−1 treatments with t-test p = 0.006 and 0.027, respectively. Soil potassium was significant in the sole manure treatment (t-test, p = 0.03). Generally the economic returns were low, with negative net benefits and benefit cost ratio of less than 1. Inorganic fertilizer recorded the highest net benefit and return to labour (p < 0.001 and <0.01, respectively) in the good site. The treatments that had very high maize grain yields did not lead to improved soil fertility, thus there is need for tradeoffs between yield gains and soil fertility management when selecting agricultural production technologies.
Timing of post-collisional volcanism in the eastern part of the Variscan Belt: constraints from SHRIMP zircon dating of Permian rhyolites in the North-Sudetic Basin (SW Poland)
Authors: AWDANKIEWICZ MAREK , KRYZA RYSZARD , SZCZEPARA NORBERT 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe final stages of the Variscan orogeny in Central Europe were associated with voluminous granitic plutonism and widespread volcanism. Four samples representative of the main rhyolitic volcanic units from the Stephanian–Permian continental succession of the North-Sudetic Basin, in the eastern part of the Variscan Belt, were dated using the SIMS (SHRIMP) zircon method. Three samples show overlapping206Pb–238U mean ages of 294 ± 3, 293 ± 2 and 292 ± 2 Ma, and constrain the age of the rhyolitic volcanism in the North-Sudetic Basin at 294–292 Ma. This age corresponds to the Early Permian – Sakmarian Stage and is consistent with the stratigraphic position of the lava units. The fourth sample dated at 288 ± 4 Ma reflects a minor, younger stage of (sub)volcanic activity in the Artinskian. The silicic activity was shortly followed by mafic volcanism. The rhyolite samples contained very few inherited zircons, possibly owing to limited contribution of crustal sources to the silicic magma, or owing to processes involved in anatectic melting and magma differentiation (e.g. resorption of old zircon by Zr-undersaturated melts). The SHRIMP results and the stratigraphic evidence suggest that the bimodal volcanism terminated the early, short-lived (10–15 Ma) and vigorous stage of basin evolution. The Permian volcanism in the North-Sudetic Basin may be correlated with relatively late phases of the regional climax of Late Palaeozoic volcanism in Central Europe, constrained by 41 published SHRIMP zircon age determinations at 299–291 Ma. The Permian volcanism and coeval plutonism in the NE part of the Bohemian Massif can be linked to late Variscan, post-collisional extension.
Psychotic experiences in a mental health clinic sample: implications for suicidality, multimorbidity and functioning
Authors: Kelleher I. , Devlin N. , Wigman J. T. W. , Kehoe A. , Murtagh A. , Fitzpatrick C. , Cannon M. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundRecent community-based research has suggested that psychotic experiences act as markers of severity of psychopathology. There has, however, been a lack of clinic-based research. We wished to investigate, in a clinical sample of adolescents referred to a state-funded mental health service, the prevalence of (attenuated or frank) psychotic experiences and the relationship with (i) affective, anxiety and behavioural disorders, (ii) multimorbid psychopathology, (iii) global functioning, and (iv) suicidal behaviour.MethodThe investigation was a clinical case–clinical control study using semi-structured research diagnostic psychiatric assessments in 108 patients newly referred to state adolescent mental health services.ResultsPsychotic experiences were prevalent in a wide range of (non-psychotic) disorders but were strong markers of risk in particular for multimorbid psychopathology (Z = 3.44, p = 0.001). Young people with psychopathology who reported psychotic experiences demonstrated significantly poorer socio-occupational functioning than young people with psychopathology who did not report psychotic experiences, which was not explained by multimorbidity. Psychotic experiences were strong markers of risk for suicidal behaviour. Stratified analyses showed that there was a greatly increased odds of suicide attempts in patients with a major depressive disorder [odds ratio (OR) 8.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59–49.83], anxiety disorder (OR 15.4, 95% CI 1.85–127.94) or behavioural disorder (OR 3.13, 95% CI 1.11–8.79) who also had psychotic experiences compared with patients who did not report psychotic experiences.ConclusionsPsychotic experiences (attenuated or frank) are an important but under-recognized marker of risk for severe psychopathology, including multimorbidity, poor functioning and suicidal behaviour in young people who present to mental health services.
Can China Bring Back the Best? The Communist Party Organizes China's Search for Talent
Authors: Zweig David , Wang Huiyao 
Published: September 2013

AbstractFor some developing countries, the international flow of their human talent in the recent decade was more of a “reverse brain gain” than a “brain drain.” China, too, joined the group of states whose students, after studying abroad, now found sufficient opportunity and an acceptable quality of life back home to make returning after graduation a reasonable option. Still, China had not succeeded in bringing back the very best scientists and academics. To remedy this problem, the Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party became actively involved in the recruitment process. The key programme was the “1000 Talents” Plan, introduced in 2008 by Politburo member Li Yuanchao, who had a visionary perspective on reverse migration. This programme has succeeded in bringing back entrepreneurs full time; but it has not attracted the very best of the Chinese scientists and academics who studied and lived overseas to return fulltime.
Constructive Packings by Linear Hypergraphs
Authors: DIZONA JILL , NAGLE BRENDAN 
Published: September 2013

For k-graphs F0 and H, an F0-packing of H is a family $\mathscr{F}$ of pairwise edge-disjoint copies of F0 in H. Let νF0(H) denote the maximum size |$\mathscr{F}$| of an F0-packing of H. Already in the case of graphs, computing νF0(H) is NP-hard for most fixed F0 (Dor and Tarsi [6]).In this paper, we consider the case when F0 is a fixed linear k-graph. We establish an algorithm which, for ζ > 0 and a given k-graph H, constructs in time polynomial in |V(H)| an F0-packing of H of size at least νF0(H) − ζ |V(H)|k. Our result extends one of Haxell and Rödl, who established the analogous algorithm for graphs.
STEVENSON'S THE EBB-TIDE, OR VIRGIL'S AENEID REVISITED: HOW LITERATURE MAY MAKE OR MAR EMPIRES
Authors: Largeaud-Ortéga Sylvie 
Published: September 2013

Robert Louis Stevenson took it for granted that Rome had shaped most of the Western modern world: “the average man at home . . . is sunk over the ears in Roman civilisation,” he wrote in a letter to H. B. Baildon (Mehew 474). Unlike the English contemporaries of his own class, he had not been steeped in classical literature, nor had he “internalised Latin literature in the way he ascribed to his English character Robert Herrick . . . in The Ebb-Tide” – mostly because his poor health had precluded regular school attendance (Jolly, Stevenson in the Pacific 37). But he did come to the classics, “from the outside” as Roslyn Jolly demonstrates, through his legal studies: “Rome counted to him as something very much more than a literature – a whole system of law and empire” that had laid the foundations of most Western societies.
Activation of TLR4 signaling promotes gastric cancer progression by inducing mitochondrial ROS production
Authors: Yuan X , Zhou Y , Wang W , Li J , Xie G , Zhao Y , Xu D , Shen L 
Published: September 2013

AbstractChronic infection, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, has been associated with the development of gastric cancer (GC). Pathogen-associated molecular patterns can trigger inflammatory responses via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in GC. Here we showed that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was highly expressed in GC cells and was associated with the aggressiveness of GC. The binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to TLR4 on GC cells enhanced proliferation without affecting apoptosis. Higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was induced after activation of TLR4 signaling in GC. Using oxidase inhibitors and antioxidants, we found that mitochondrial ROS (mROS) was major source of TLR4-stimulated ROS generation. This elevated mROS production can be inhibited by diphenylene iodonium (DPI), and the blocking of the mROS production rather than ROS neutralization resulted in cell cycle arrest and the loss of mitochondrial potential, which were plausible reason for decreased cell viability. Furthermore, the increased mROS owing to TLR4 signaling resulted in the activation of Akt phosphorylation and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Altogether, these results reveal a novel pathway linking innate immune signaling to GC cell proliferation, implicate mROS as an important component of cell survival signals and further establish mitochondria as hubs for GC therapies.
Attributing functions to ectomycorrhizal fungal identities in assemblages for nitrogen acquisition under stress
Authors: Pena Rodica , Polle Andrea 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Mycorrhizal fungi have a key role in nitrogen (N) cycling, particularly in boreal and temperate ecosystems. However, the significance of ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) diversity for this important ecosystem function is unknown. Here, EMF taxon-specific N uptake was analyzed via 15N isotope enrichment in complex root-associated assemblages and non-mycorrhizal root tips in controlled experiments. Specific 15N enrichment in ectomycorrhizas, which represents the N influx and export, as well as the exchange of 15N with the N pool of the root tip, was dependent on the fungal identity. Light or water deprivation revealed interspecific response diversity for N uptake. Partial taxon-specific N fluxes for ectomycorrhizas were assessed, and the benefits of EMF assemblages for plant N nutrition were estimated. We demonstrated that ectomycorrhizal assemblages provide advantages for inorganic N uptake compared with non-mycorrhizal roots under environmental constraints but not for unstressed plants. These benefits were realized via stress activation of distinct EMF taxa, which suggests significant functional diversity within EMF assemblages. We developed and validated a model that predicts net N flux into the plant based on taxon-specific 15N enrichment in ectomycorrhizal root tips. These results open a new avenue to characterize the functional traits of EMF taxa in complex communities.