bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is prevalence of colorectal polyps higher in patients with family history of colorectal cancer?
Authors: Murad-Regadas Sthela Maria , Bezerra Carla Camila Rocha , Peixoto Ana Ligia Rocha , Regadas Francisco Sérgio Pinheiro , Rodrigues Lusmar Veras , Siebra José Airton Gonçalves , da Silva Fernandes Graziela Olivia , Vasconcelos Rafael Aragão 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Objectives To assess the prevalence of polyps in patients with a family history of colorectal cancer, in comparison to asymptomatic individuals with indication for screening.
Methods A prospective study in a group of patients who underwent colonoscopy between 2012 and 2014. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I: no family history of colorectal cancer, and Group II: with a family history in first-degree relatives. Demographic characteristics, findings on colonoscopy, presence, location and histological type of polyps were evaluated, comparing the two groups.
Results 214 patients were evaluated: 162 in Group I and 52 in Group II. The distribution of patients with polyps was similar in relation to gender: polyps were evidenced in Group I in 33 (20%) female patients vs. 10 (6%) male patients (p = 1.00); in Group II, the presence of polyps was evidenced in 9 (17%) female patients vs. 2 (4%) male patients (p = 1.00). Polypoid lesions were found in 54 patients (25%), with 43 (26%) in Group I and 11 (21%) in Group II. The prevalence of adenomas was similar in both groups (Group I = 18/37% vs. Group II = 10/50%) (p = 0.83).
Conclusion In this preliminary study, no correlation was found between prevalence of polyps and a family history of colorectal cancer.
Weight Symmetry and Latency Scores for Unexpected Surface Perturbations in Subjects With Traumatic and Vascular Unilateral Transtibial Amputation
Authors: Molina‐Rueda Francisco , Molero‐Sánchez Alberto , Alguacil‐Diego Isabel M. , Carratalá‐Tejada María , Cuesta‐Gómez Alicia , Miangolarra‐Page Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundSubjects with lower limb amputation develop new motor control strategies to preserve balance when they experience unexpected perturbations. Most studies performed thus far have not aimed to discuss the possible differences in postural control between subjects with vascular unilateral transtibial amputation (UTA) and subjects with traumatic UTA.ObjectiveTo analyze the automatic postural reaction in response to unexpected surface perturbations in a sample of subjects with traumatic and vascular UTA and to compare these observations with those for a group of healthy subjects.SettingUniversity department.DesignObservational study.ParticipantsA total of 9 men with traumatic UTA, 7 men with vascular UTA, and 10 control subjects without amputation.InterventionComputerized dynamic posturography Smart EquiTest System version 8.0 was used to measure automatic postural responses in both groups.Main Outcome MeasuresThe motor control test was used to assess the participants' automatic postural responses to unexpected surface perturbations.ResultsLatency scores showed that subjects with traumatic UTA coped with faster latencies under their sound limb than did the subjects with vascular UTA in medium backward and forward perturbations (medium‐backward: P = .004; medium‐forward: P = .037). In addition, the subjects with traumatic UTA also managed faster responses to medium‐backward (P = .017 versus right control limb; P = .046 versus left control limb) and large‐backward (P = .021 versus right control limb) and medium‐forward (P = .012 versus right control limb; P = .043 versus left control limb) perturbations in their sound limb in contrast to control subjects. Weight symmetry showed that the subjects with traumatic UTA bore significantly more weight through their sound limb compared with the control subjects during medium and large backward translations (P = .028 and P = .045, respectively).ConclusionsThe subjects with traumatic UTA had a greater reliance on their sound limb, and they had faster latencies and more weight in the sound limb upon experiencing unexpected perturbations compared with the control subjects. Conversely, persons with vascular UTA experienced slower latency responses in the sound limb compared with persons with traumatic UTA.
THE MISSING PEOPLE: ACCOUNTING FOR THE PRODUCTIVITY OF INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS IN CAPE COLONIAL HISTORY
Authors: FOURIE JOHAN , GREEN ERIK 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBecause information about the livelihoods of indigenous groups in Africa is often missing from colonial records, the presence of such people usually escapes attention in quantitative estimates of colonial economic activity. This is nowhere more apparent than in the eighteenth-century Dutch Cape Colony, where the role of the Khoesan in Cape production, despite being frequently acknowledged, has been almost completely ignored in quantitative investigations. Combining household-level settler data with anecdotal accounts of Khoesan labour, this article presents new estimates of the Khoesan population of the Cape Colony. Our results show that the Khoesan did not leave the area as a consequence of settler expansion. On the contrary, the number of Khoesan employed by the settlers increased over time, as the growth of settler farming followed a pattern of primitive accumulation and drove the Khoesan to abandon their pastoral lifestyle to become farm labourers. We show that, in failing to include the Khoesan population, previous estimates have overestimated slave productivity, social inequality, and the level of gross domestic product in the Cape Colony.
The optoelectronic role of chlorine in CH3NH3PbI3(Cl)-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Chen Qi , Zhou Huanping , Fang Yihao , Stieg Adam Z. , Song Tze-Bin , Wang Hsin-Hua , Xu Xiaobao , Liu Yongsheng , Lu Shirong , You Jingbi , Sun Pengyu , McKay Jeff , Goorsky Mark S. , Yang Yang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPerovskite photovoltaics offer a compelling combination of extremely low-cost, ease of processing and high device performance. The optoelectronic properties of the prototypical CH3NH3PbI3can be further adjusted by introducing other extrinsic ions. Specifically, chlorine incorporation has been shown to affect the morphological development of perovksite films, which results in improved optoelectronic characteristics for high efficiency. However, it requires a deep understanding to the role of extrinsic halide, especially in the absence of unpredictable morphological influence during film growth. Here we report an effective strategy to investigate the role of the extrinsic ion in the context of optoelectronic properties, in which the morphological factors that closely correlate to device performance are mostly decoupled. The chlorine incorporation is found to mainly improve the carrier transport across the heterojunction interfaces, rather than within the perovskite crystals. Further optimization according this protocol leads to solar cells achieving power conversion efficiency of 17.91%.
Salicylic acid biosynthesis is enhanced and contributes to increased biotrophic pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis hybrids
Authors: Yang Li , Li Bosheng , Zheng Xiao-yu , Li Jigang , Yang Mei , Dong Xinnian , He Guangming , An Chengcai , Deng Xing Wang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHeterosis, the phenotypic superiority of a hybrid over its parents, has been demonstrated for many traits inArabidopsis thaliana, but its effect on defence remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that hybrids between someA. thalianaaccessions show increased resistance to the biotrophic bacterial pathogenPseudomonas syringaepv.tomato(Pst) DC3000. Comparisons of transcriptomes between these hybrids and their parents after inoculation reveal that several key salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis genes are significantly upregulated in hybrids. Moreover, SA levels are higher in hybrids than in either parent. Increased resistance toPstDC3000 is significantly compromised in hybrids ofpad4mutants in which the SA biosynthesis pathway is blocked. Finally, increased histone H3 acetylation of key SA biosynthesis genes correlates with their upregulation in infected hybrids. Our data demonstrate that enhanced activation of SA biosynthesis inA. thalianahybrids may contribute to their increased resistance to a biotrophic bacterial pathogen.
Molecular snapshots of the Pex1/6 AAA+ complex in action
Authors: Ciniawsky Susanne , Grimm Immanuel , Saffian Delia , Girzalsky Wolfgang , Erdmann Ralf , Wendler Petra 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe peroxisomal proteins Pex1 and Pex6 form a heterohexameric type II AAA+ ATPase complex, which fuels essential protein transport across peroxisomal membranes. Mutations in either ATPase in humans can lead to severe peroxisomal disorders and early death. We present an extensive structural and biochemical analysis of the yeast Pex1/6 complex. The heterohexamer forms a trimer of Pex1/6 dimers with a triangular geometry that is atypical for AAA+ complexes. While the C-terminal nucleotide-binding domains (D2) of Pex6 constitute the main ATPase activity of the complex, both D2 harbour essential substrate-binding motifs. ATP hydrolysis results in a pumping motion of the complex, suggesting that Pex1/6 function involves substrate translocation through its central channel. Mutation of the Walker B motif in one D2 domain leads to ATP hydrolysis in the neighbouring domain, giving structural insights into inter-domain communication of these unique heterohexameric AAA+ assemblies.
Steady-state cross-correlations for live two-colour super-resolution localization data sets
Authors: Stone Matthew B. , Veatch Sarah L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCross-correlation of super-resolution images gathered from point localizations allows for robust quantification of protein co-distributions in chemically fixed cells. Here this is extended to dynamic systems through an analysis that quantifies the steady-state cross-correlation between spectrally distinguishable probes. This methodology is used to quantify the co-distribution of several mobile membrane proteins in both vesicles and live cells, including Lyn kinase and the B-cell receptor during antigen stimulation.
Influence of slip on the Plateau–Rayleigh instability on a fibre
Authors: Haefner Sabrina , Benzaquen Michael , Bäumchen Oliver , Salez Thomas , Peters Robert , McGraw Joshua D. , Jacobs Karin , Raphaël Elie , Dalnoki-Veress Kari 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Plateau–Rayleigh instability of a liquid column underlies a variety of fascinating phenomena that can be observed in everyday life. In contrast to the case of a free liquid cylinder, describing the evolution of a liquid layer on a solid fibre requires consideration of the solid–liquid interface. Here we revisit the Plateau–Rayleigh instability of a liquid coating a fibre by varying the hydrodynamic boundary condition at the fibre–liquid interface, from no slip to slip. Although the wavelength is not sensitive to the solid–liquid interface, we find that the growth rate of the undulations strongly depends on the hydrodynamic boundary condition. The experiments are in excellent agreement with a new thin-film theory incorporating slip, thus providing an original, quantitative and robust tool to measure slip lengths.
Direct observation of solid-state reversed transformation from crystals to quasicrystals in a Mg alloy
Authors: Liu Jian-Fang , Yang Zhi-Qing , Ye Heng-Qiang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPhase transformation of quasicrystals is of interest in various fields of science and technology. Interestingly, we directly observed unexpected solid-state epitaxial nucleation and growth of Zn
6
Mg
3
Y icosahedral quasicrystals in a Mg alloy at about 573 K which is about 300 K below the melting point of Zn
6
Mg
3
Y, in contrast to formation of quasicrystals through solidification that was usually found in many alloys. Maximizing local packing density of atoms associated with segregation of Y and Zn in Mg adjacent to Mg/Zn
3
MgY interfaces triggered atomic rearrangement in Mg to form icosahedra coupled epitaxially with surface distorted icosahedra of Zn
3
MgY, which plays a critical role in the nucleation of icosahedral clusters. A local Zn:Mg:Y ratio close to 6:3:1, corresponding to a valence electron concentration of about 2.15, should have been reached to trigger the formation of quasicrystals at Mg/Zn
3
MgY interfaces. The solid-state icosahedral ordering in crystals opens a new window for growing quasicrystals and understanding their atomic origin mechanisms. Epitaxial growth of quasicrystals onto crystals can modify the surface/interface structures and properties of crystalline materials.
COX2 is involved in hypoxia-induced TNF-α expression in osteoblast
Authors: Xing Yonggang , Wang Renxian , Chen Dafu , Mao Jianping , Shi Rui , Wu Zhihong , Kang Jun , Tian Wei , Zhang Chi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBone regeneration involves a series of events in a coordinated manner, including recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells, induction of immune response, inflammatory activity and vascular ingrowth. The microenvironment of bone regeneration is hypoxic. Low oxygen tension (hypoxia) promotes the upregulation of several signaling molecules. The primary mediating factor is the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Hypoxia stimulates the expression of a variety of cytokines from inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and osteoblasts. TNF-α is a key proinflammatory cytokine. The molecular events involved in osteoblast dysfunction under hypoxia are not fully understood. This study determined the effects of hypoxia on TNF-α in osteoblasts and molecular mechanisms were explored. We observed that hypoxia induced TNF-α expression in a time-dependent manner in osteoblasts. Experiments using a potent HIF-1α activator DFO demonstrated that hypoxia-induced TNF-α was mediated by HIF-1-α. In addition, this study showed that hypoxia activated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression along with TNF-α. Inhibition experiments using COX2 inhibitor N398 indicated that COX2 was involved in hypoxia-mediated TNF-α expression and this observation was further confirmed by Small interfering RNA against COX2. On the other hand, TNF-α didn’t lead to the activation of COX2 expression. We conclude that COX2 is involved in hypoxia-induced TNF-α expression in osteoblast.
Removal of ecotoxicity of 17α-ethinylestradiol using TAML/peroxide water treatment
Authors: Mills Matthew R. , Arias-Salazar Karla , Baynes Alice , Shen Longzhu Q. , Churchley John , Beresford Nicola , Gayathri Chakicherla , Gil Roberto R. , Kanda Rakesh , Jobling Susan , Collins Terrence J. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic oestrogen in oral contraceptives, is one of many pharmaceuticals found in inland waterways worldwide as a result of human consumption and excretion into wastewater treatment systems. At low parts per trillion (ppt), EE2 induces feminisation of male fish, diminishing reproductive success and causing fish population collapse. Intended water quality standards for EE2 set a much needed global precedent. Ozone and activated carbon provide effective wastewater treatments, but their energy intensities and capital/operating costs are formidable barriers to adoption. Here we describe the technical and environmental performance of a fast- developing contender for mitigation of EE2 contamination of wastewater based upon small- molecule, full-functional peroxidase enzyme replicas called “TAML activators”. From neutral to basic pH, TAML activators with H2O2 efficiently degrade EE2 in pure lab water, municipal effluents and EE2-spiked synthetic urine. TAML/H2O2 treatment curtails estrogenicity in vitro and substantially diminishes fish feminization in vivo. Our results provide a starting point for a future process in which tens of thousands of tonnes of wastewater could be treated per kilogram of catalyst. We suggest TAML/H2O2 is a worthy candidate for exploration as an environmentally compatible, versatile, method for removing EE2 and other pharmaceuticals from municipal wastewaters.
Emotional Eating Phenotype is Associated with Central Dopamine D2 Receptor Binding Independent of Body Mass Index
Authors: Eisenstein Sarah A. , Bischoff Allison N. , Gredysa Danuta M. , Antenor-Dorsey Jo Ann V. , Koller Jonathan M. , Al-Lozi Amal , Pepino Marta Y. , Klein Samuel , Perlmutter Joel S. , Moerlein Stephen M. , Black Kevin J. , Hershey Tamara 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPET studies have provided mixed evidence regarding central D2/D3 dopamine receptor binding and its relationship with obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI). Other aspects of obesity may be more tightly coupled to the dopaminergic system. We characterized obesity-associated behaviors and determined if these related to central D2 receptor (D2R) specific binding independent of BMI. Twenty-two obese and 17 normal-weight participants completed eating- and reward-related questionnaires and underwent PET scans using the D2R-selective and nondisplaceable radioligand (N-[11C]methyl)benperidol. Questionnaires were grouped by domain (eating related to emotion, eating related to reward, non-eating behavior motivated by reward or sensitivity to punishment). Normalized, summed scores for each domain were compared between obese and normal-weight groups and correlated with striatal and midbrain D2R binding. Compared to normal-weight individuals, the obese group self-reported higher rates of eating related to both emotion and reward (p < 0.001), greater sensitivity to punishment (p = 0.06) and lower non-food reward behavior (p < 0.01). Across normal-weight and obese participants, self-reported emotional eating and non-food reward behavior positively correlated with striatal (p < 0.05) and midbrain (p < 0.05) D2R binding, respectively. In conclusion, an emotional eating phenotype may reflect altered central D2R function better than other commonly used obesity-related measures such as BMI.
Serum Exosome MicroRNA as a Minimally-Invasive Early Biomarker of AML
Authors: Hornick Noah I. , Huan Jianya , Doron Ben , Goloviznina Natalya A. , Lapidus Jodi , Chang Bill H. , Kurre Peter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRelapse remains the major cause of mortality for patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Improved tracking of minimal residual disease (MRD) holds the promise of timely treatment adjustments to preempt relapse. Current surveillance techniques detect circulating blasts that coincide with advanced disease and poorly reflect MRD during early relapse. Here, we investigate exosomes as a minimally invasive platform for a microRNA (miRNA) biomarker. We identify a set of miRNA enriched in AML exosomes and track levels of circulating exosome miRNA that distinguish leukemic xenografts from both non-engrafted and human CD34+ controls. We develop biostatistical models that reveal circulating exosomal miRNA at low marrow tumor burden and before circulating blasts can be detected. Remarkably, both leukemic blasts and marrow stroma contribute to serum exosome miRNA. We propose development of serum exosome miRNA as a platform for a novel, sensitive compartment biomarker for prospective tracking and early detection of AML recurrence.
Prevalence and clinical correlates of somatic mutation in aldosterone producing adenoma-Taiwanese population
Authors: Wu Vin-Cent , Huang Kuo-How , Peng Kang-Yung , Tsai Yao-Chou , Wu Che-Hsiung , Wang Shuo-Meng , Yang Shao-Yu , Lin Lian-Yu , Chang Chin-Chen , Lin Yen-Hung , Lin Shuei-Liong , Chu Tzong-Shinn , Wu Kwan-Dun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of secondary hypertension and has significant cardiovascular consequences. Mutated channelopathy due to the activation of calcium channels has been recently described in aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). The study involved 148 consecutive PA patients, (66 males; aged 56.3 ± 12.3years) who received adrenalectomy and were collected from the Taiwan PA investigator (TAIPAI) group. A high rate of somatic mutation in APA was found (n = 91, 61.5%); including mutations in KCNJ5 (n = 88, 59.5%), ATP1A1 (n = 2, 1.4%) and ATP2B3 (n = 1, 0.7%); however, no mutations in CACNA1D were identified. Mutation-carriers were younger (<0.001), had lower Cyst C (p = 0.042), pulse wave velocity (p = 0.027), C-reactive protein (p = 0.042) and a lower rate of proteinuria (p = 0.031) than non-carriers. After multivariate adjustment, mutation carriers had lower serum CRP levels than non-carriers (p = 0.031. Patients with mutation also had a greater chance of recovery from hypertension after operation (p = 0.005). A high incidence of somatic mutations in APA was identified in the Taiwanese population. Mutation-carriers had lower CRP levels and a higher rate of cure of hypertension after adrenalectomy. This raises the possibility of using mutation screening as a tool in predicting long-term outcome after adrenalectomy.
TRRUST: a reference database of human transcriptional regulatory interactions
Authors: Han Heonjong , Shim Hongseok , Shin Donghyun , Shim Jung Eun , Ko Yunhee , Shin Junha , Kim Hanhae , Cho Ara , Kim Eiru , Lee Tak , Kim Hyojin , Kim Kyungsoo , Yang Sunmo , Bae Dasom , Yun Ayoung , Kim Sunphil , Kim Chan Yeong , Cho Hyeon Jin , Kang Byunghee , Shin Susie , Lee Insuk 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe reconstruction of transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) is a long-standing challenge in human genetics. Numerous computational methods have been developed to infer regulatory interactions between human transcriptional factors (TFs) and target genes from high-throughput data and their performance evaluation requires gold-standard interactions. Here we present a database of literature-curated human TF-target interactions, TRRUST (transcriptional regulatory relationships unravelled by sentence-based text-mining, http://www.grnpedia.org/trrust), which currently contains 8,015 interactions between 748 TF genes and 1,975 non-TF genes. A sentence-based text-mining approach was employed for efficient manual curation of regulatory interactions from approximately 20 million Medline abstracts. To the best of our knowledge, TRRUST is the largest publicly available database of literature-curated human TF-target interactions to date. TRRUST also has several useful features: i) information about the mode-of-regulation; ii) tests for target modularity of a query TF; iii) tests for TF cooperativity of a query target; iv) inferences about cooperating TFs of a query TF; and v) prioritizing associated pathways and diseases with a query TF. We observed high enrichment of TF-target pairs in TRRUST for top-scored interactions inferred from high-throughput data, which suggests that TRRUST provides a reliable benchmark for the computational reconstruction of human TRNs.