bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase in bile acids after sleeve gastrectomy improves metabolism by activating GPBAR1 to increase cAMP in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Li Guoliang , Xu Xin , Chai Lixin , Guo Qunhao , Wu Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundBile acids (BAs) concentration can affect metabolic improvement caused by bariatric surgery and BA concentrations increase in patients after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Here, how BAs after SG affect metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was studied.MethodsMice were given high‐fat diet (HFD) to induce NAFLD and received SG surgery. Hepatic and fecal BA concentrations in mice were detected by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method. BA‐related genes were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. G protein BA receptor 1 (GPBAR1) expression was identified using western blot analysis. NAFLD mice after SG received GPBAR1 inhibitor Triamterene. The weight of mice and mice liver was detected. Mouse liver tissue was observed by hematoxylin–eosin and Oil Red O staining. Triglyceride (TG), nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in mouse liver tissue were analyzed by metabolic assay and enzyme‐linked immune sorbent assay.ResultsSG boosted increase in hepatic total/conjugated BAs and related genes and GPBAR1 expression, and attenuated increase in fecal total BAs/muricholic acid in HFD‐induced mice and increased fecal taurine‐BAs in HFD‐induced mice. Triamterene (72 mg/kg) reversed the inhibitory role of SG in HFD‐induced increase of body weight, lipid accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and increase of hepatic weight and TG/NEFA content, and counteracted the positive role of SG in HFD‐induced increase of hepatic cAMP concentration in mice.ConclusionsBAs improve metabolism via activating GPBAR1 to increase cAMP in NAFLD mice after SG.
Persistence of lung structural and functional alterations at one year post‐COVID‐19 is associated with increased serum PD‐L2 levels and altered CD4/CD8 ratio
Authors: Buendia‐Roldan Ivette , Martínez‐Espinosa Karen , Aguirre Maria‐Jose , Aguilar‐Duran Hiram , Palma‐Lopez Alexia , Palacios Yadira , Ruiz Andy , Ramón‐Luing Lucero A. , Ocaña‐Guzmán Ranferi , Pérez‐Rubio Gloria , Falfán‐Valencia Ramcés , Selman Moisés , Chavez‐Galan Leslie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPersistent respiratory symptoms and lung abnormalities post‐COVID‐19 are public health problems. This study evaluated biomarkers to stratify high‐risk patients to the development or persistence of post‐COVID‐19 interstitial lung disease.MethodsOne hundred eighteen patients discharged with residual lung abnormalities compatible with interstitial lung disease (COVID‐ILD patients) after a severe COVID‐19 were followed for 1 year (post‐COVID‐ILD patients). Physical examination, pulmonary function tests, and chest high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were performed. Soluble forms (s) of PD‐L1, PD‐L2, TIM‐3, and GAL‐9 were evaluated in serum and cell culture supernatant, as well as T‐cells subsets and the transmembrane expression of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 on the cell surface.ResultsEighty percent of the post‐COVID‐ILD patients normalized their lung function at 1‐year follow‐up, 8% presented COVID‐independent ILD, and 12% still showed functional and HRCT alterations. PD‐L2 levels were heterogeneous during acute COVID‐19 (aCOVID); patients who increased (at least 30%) their sPD‐L2 levels at 1 year post‐COVID‐19 and exhibited altered CD4/CD8 ratio showed persistence of chest tomographic and functional alterations. By contrast, patients who decreased sPD‐L2 displayed a complete lung recovery. sPD‐L1, sTIM‐3, and sGAL‐9 increased significantly during aCOVID and decreased in all patients after 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionIncreased sPD‐L2 and an altered CD4/CD8 ratio after 12 months of aCOVID are associated with the persistence of lung lesions, suggesting that they may contribute to lung damage post‐COVID‐19.
Civil emergencies: role of the vet in delivering veterinary care in a multi‐agency environment
Authors: Green Jim 
Published: July 2024

Background: Through 20 years as an animal rescue responder and 15 years of providing training to large animal veterinary professionals, I am satisfied that the thought of being in charge of a civil emergency is, in the main, a daunting idea for a vet and one not relished by many. However, there often remains some confusion about legal responsibility when vets are involved in an incident with other agencies, and where the emergency falls out of a routine context.Aim of the article: The aim of this article is to explain how emergency services view animal incidents, how national models are used to manage incidents and to outline the developing role of veterinarians within structured emergency response frameworks. This should help prepare veterinarians for a developing role in civil protection and risk mitigation.
Development of a pH‐strip‐based sensor for the detection of ammonia in exhaled breath as a promising method for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infections
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Chang , Wang Chi‐Chih , Chung Hsieh‐Hsunh , Hsieh Ping‐His , Tsai Hwei‐Yan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe early detection and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections can help prevent the formation of ulcers and development of gastric cancer in humans. The urea breath test (UBT) is a noninvasive test for diagnosing H. pylori. However, isotopic‐labeled UBT reagents are expensive and require specialized test equipment to detect isotopic CO2. In this study, the development of a user‐friendly, cost‐effective, and alternative method for diagnosing H. pylori infections by detecting NH3 in exhaled breath is reported. A commercial disposable pH strip is modified with sodium carboxymethylcellulose to enhance its performance in gaseous environments. The modified pH strip exhibits compatibility with both acidic (HCl and CH3COOH) and alkaline (NH3) gases. Furthermore, the sensor monitors the production of NH3 resulting from fish spoilage for 72 h, highlighting its real‐time capabilities. The feasibility of employing this simple strip sensor to detect H. pylori infection in patients is investigated through in vitro experiments and preliminary clinical studies. The simple strip sensor is a promising alternative to the C‐13 UBT for detecting H. pylori infection.
Damage regularity and multifractal analysis of sol‐gel reflection coating of KDP crystal under low UV irradiation flux
Authors: You Tenghui , Dai Yanmeng , Yu Jian , Ye Hai‐Xian , Dai Wan‐Jun , Cao Lei‐Feng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study employed multifractal analysis to investigate the changes in surface morphology of SiO2 anti‐reflective coatings prepared on KDP substrates using the sol‐gel method, under various conditions of ultraviolet (UV) irradiance. The coatings were successfully fabricated, and the chemical structure of the SiO2 sol was comprehensively characterized using Solid‐State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SSNMR) technology. Under low UV irradiance (4 J/cm2), repeated experiments revealed a crack‐induced mechanism of surface fatigue damage. Utilizing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the study discovered the induction effect of initial crack defects in UV‐damaged coatings and established a damage model. Furthermore, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to acquire images of the coatings' surface morphology at different damage levels, which were analyzed using the multifractal spectrum f(α). This analysis confirmed the multifractal nature of the coatings both before and after damage. This study identified significant effects of UV irradiation on the width of the multifractal spectrum and Δf, indicating that the SiO2 anti‐reflective coatings exhibit multifractal characteristics under various damage states. The coatings displayed a pattern of decreasing and then increasing singularity spectrum width, height distribution unevenness, and surface roughness with increasing damage. This study demonstrates that multifractal analysis is an effective tool for describing the complexity of the surface morphology of sol‐gel‐derived anti‐reflective coatings for the first time and for validating their multifractal properties across different stages of UV damage.Highlights
Damage dynamic process of KDP crystal sol‐gel coating was described by SEM&AFM;
The crack propagation mechanism of sol‐gel coating under UV radiation is proposed;
The damage evolution of sol‐gel coating was described by multifractal analysis.
Rare case of rectal carcinoid with synchronous primary carcinoid tumors of the lung misdiagnosed as lung metastases
Authors: Teraishi Fuminori , Shoji Rhohei , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 68‐year‐old woman was referred to our hospital for rectal surgery after a pathological diagnosis of rectal carcinoid with venous invasion following endoscopic submucosal dissection of a 5 mm‐sized submucosal tumor in the lower rectum. Chest CT showed nodules in the left upper lobe and right lower lobe, but positron emission tomography and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy showed no hyperaccumulation in the lung nodules. CT‐guided needle biopsy was performed on the nodular lesion in the left upper lobe, which showed focal growth of tumor cells with a high N/C ratio and positive synaptophysin, leading to a diagnosis of pulmonary metastasis of rectal carcinoid. Since the patient was asymptomatic and did not wish to undergo surgery or chemotherapy, she was followed up strictly with sufficient informed consent. Three years have passed since the diagnosis, and there is no tendency for the lung metastasis to increase, and no other new lesions have been observed. The disease had not progressed and remained stable. Therefore, immunohistological analysis of the lung biopsy specimen was performed again, which was positive for TTF‐1 and negative for CDX2. Consequently, the diagnosis was changed to primary lung carcinoid tumors, and the patient remains under follow‐up with no disease progression.
Successful management with urgent haploidentical‐peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for a patient with severe aplastic anaemia who developed disseminated fungal infection following immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Ikenobe Norihito , Fujimori Kentaro , Gocho Yoshihiro , Myojin Shota , Yamada Masaki , Imadome Kenichi , Miyasaka Mikiko , Miyazaki Osamu , Yoneda Akihiro , Matsumoto Shotaro , Nakagawa Satoshi , Deguchi Takao , Iguchi Akihiro , Tomizawa Daisuke , Ogimi Chikara , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Sakaguchi Hirotoshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUrgent haploidentical haematopoietic cell transplantation may be considered in cases of severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) without a human leukocyte antigen‐matched donor and suffering from severe infection. However, deciding on allogeneic transplantation in the setting of active systemic infection is challenging due to poor outcomes. This report presents a case of disseminated Magnusiomyces capitatus infection in a 5‐year‐old male who underwent immunosuppressive therapy for hepatitis‐associated SAA. To address the critical situation, granulocyte transfusion was promptly administered from the patient's mother, followed by unmanipulated haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from the patient's father with posttransplant cyclophosphamide, ultimately resulting in successful rescue.
“…because the social work never ends”: a qualitative study exploring how NGOs responded to emerging needs while upholding responsibility to HIV prevention and treatment during the war in Ukraine
Authors: Lazarus Lisa , McClarty Leigh M , Herpai Nicole , Pavlova Daria , Tarasova Tatiana , Gnatenko Anna , Bondar Tetiana , Lorway Robert , Becker Marissa L ,   the Dynamics Study Team
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionSince the onset of the Russian invasion on 24 February 2022, the health system in Ukraine has been placed under tremendous pressure, with damage to critical infrastructure, large losses of human resources, restricted mobility and significant supply chain interruptions. Based on a longstanding partnership between the Ukrainian Institute for Social Research after Oleksandr Yaremenko (UISR after O. Yaremenko) and the Institute for Global Public Health at the University of Manitoba, we explore the impact of the full‐scale war on non‐governmental organizations (NGOs, including charitable organizations) providing services for key population groups in Ukraine.MethodsWe conducted in‐depth qualitative interviews with key representatives from NGOs working with key population groups (i.e., people living with HIV, sex workers, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs and transgender people) throughout Ukraine. Members of the UISR after O. Yaremenko research team recruited participants from organizations working at national, regional and local levels. The research team members conducted 26 interviews (22 with women and four with men) between 15 May and 7 June 2023. Interviews were conducted virtually in Ukrainian and interpretively analysed to draw out key themes.ResultsApplying Roels et al.’s notion of “first responders”, our findings explore how the full‐scale war personally and organizationally impacted workers at Ukrainian NGOs. Despite the impacts to participants’ physical and mental health, frontline workers continued to support HIV prevention and treatment while also responding to the need for humanitarian aid among their clients and the wider community. Furthermore, despite inadequate pay and compensation for their work, frontline workers assumed additional responsibilities, thereby exceeding their normal workload during the extraordinary conditions of war.ConclusionsNGOs play a vital role as responders, adapting their services to meet the emergent needs of communities during structural shocks, such as war. There is an urgent need to support NGOs with adequate resources for key population service delivery and to increase support for their important role in humanitarian aid.
A citizen science approach to develop a digital intervention to reduce HIV stigma and promote HIV self‐testing among adolescents and young adults: a mixed methods analysis from Kazakhstan
Authors: Davis Alissa , Rosenthal Susan L. , Tucker Joseph D. , Balabekova Olga , Nyblade Laura , Sun Yihang , Gryazev Denis , Lunze Karsten , Landers Sara E. , Tang Weiming , Kuskulov Azamat , Gulyayev Valera , Terlikbayeva Assel , Primbetova Sholpan , Mergenova Gaukhar ,   the JasSpark Study Team
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionKazakhstan has one of the fastest‐growing HIV epidemics in the world, with increasing rates among adolescents and young adults (AYA). Innovative strategies are needed to increase HIV testing uptake and decrease HIV stigma among AYA. Citizen science, defined as the active engagement of the general public in scientific research tasks, promotes and facilitates community engagement throughout the research process. This citizen science study used crowdsourcing to engage AYA in Kazakhstan to develop a digital intervention to reduce HIV stigma and promote HIV self‐testing. Our objectives in this paper are to describe the approach used, its feasibility and acceptability, and AYA motivations for and lessons learned collaborating on the study.MethodsFrom October 2021 to July 2022, in collaboration with a Community Collaborative Research Board and a Youth Advisory Board, we developed an open call requesting multimedia submissions to reduce HIV testing stigma. Eligible submissions were separated by age group (13−19 or 20−29 years) and judged by a panel composed of AYA (n = 23), healthcare professionals (n = 12), and representatives from the local government and non‐governmental organizations (n = 17). Each entry was reviewed by at least four judges and ranked on a 5‐point scale. The top 20 open call contestants were asked to submit self‐recordings sharing their motivation for and experience participating in the contest and lessons learned. Descriptive statistics were calculated for quantitative data. Qualitative data were coded using open coding.ResultsWe received 96 submissions from 77 youth across Kazakhstan. Roughly, three‐quarters (n = 75/96) of entries met judging eligibility criteria. Of the eligible entries, over half (n = 39/75) scored 3.5 or higher on a 5‐point scale (70.0%). The most frequent types of entries were video (n = 36/96, 37.5%), image (n = 28/96, 29.2%) and text (n = 24/96, 25.0%). AYA's primary motivations for collaborating on the study included a desire to improve society and help youth. The main challenges included creating content to address complex information using simple language, finding reliable information online and technological limitations.ConclusionsCrowdsourcing was feasible and highly acceptable among AYA in Kazakhstan. Citizen science approaches hold great promise for addressing the increasingly complex health and social challenges facing communities today.
Mental health and cognition in relation to adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV in Kazakhstan: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mergenova Gaukhar , Davis Alissa , Gilbert Louisa , El‐Bassel Nabila , Terlikbayeva Assel , Primbetova Sholpan , Nugmanova Zhamilya , Pala Andrea Norcini , Gustafson Deborah , Rosenthal Susan L. , Denebayeva Alfiya Y. , DeHovitz Jack 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere is a research gap in how mental health and cognition are associated with antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Kazakhstan.MethodsWe randomly selected and enrolled 230 PLWH from the Almaty City AIDS Center registry (June−November 2019) into a cross‐sectional study. We examined associations between self‐reported ART adherence for the last 1 and 2 weeks; the Adherence Self‐Efficacy Scale (ASES) and symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 [PHQ‐9]), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder tool [GAD‐7]), post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Checklist [PTSD]); cognitive function (PROMIS v2.0 Adult Cognitive Function 8a short form) and forgetfulness (Forgetfulness Assessment Inventory). We used cut points of ≥5 for at least mild and ≥10 for at least moderate symptom severity for PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7 and of ≥44 for PTSD. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used.ResultsParticipants’ median age was 40.0 (IQR: 34−47) with 40.9% (n = 94) of females in the sample. Those who missed at least one pill for the last 2 weeks had higher odds of reporting at least mild depression (aOR = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.22–9.11, p < 0.05); mild anxiety (aOR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.20–8.92, p < 0.05); and PTSD (aOR = 4.04, 95% CI: 1.15–14.21, p < 0.05) symptoms. Participants who missed at least one pill for the last week had higher odds of at least mild depression (aOR = 7.74, 95% CI: 1.31–45.7, p < 0.05), moderate anxiety (aOR = 21.33, 95% CI: 3.24–140.33, p < 0.005) and PTSD (aOR = 13.81, 95% CI: 2.36–80.84, p < 0.005) symptoms. Participants with better cognitive function had lower odds of non‐adherence over the last week (aOR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81–0.96, p < 0.005) and higher ASES scores (β = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.13–0.40, p < 0.005). Poor memory was associated with higher odds of non‐adherence over the last week (aOR = 4.64, 95% CI: 1.76–12.24, p < 0.005) and lower ASES score (β = −0.31, 95% CI: −0.45 to 0.16, p < 0.005). Those who had at least mild depression (β = −0.21, 95% CI: −0.35 to −0.07, p < 0.005); moderate anxiety (β = −0.21, 95% CI: −0.34 to −0.07, p < 0.005) and PTSD (β = −0.19, 95% CI: −0.33 to −0.05, p < 0.005) symptoms had lower ASES scores.ConclusionsDepression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms, poorer cognition, and forgetfulness were associated with poorer ART adherence and worse adherence self‐efficacy. It is crucial to assess and treat mental illness and provide support for PLWH with worsened cognition to enhance ART adherence.
An implementation evaluation of the Breaking Down human rights barriers to HIV services initiative in Ukraine
Authors: Lohman Diederik , Kononchuk Yevheniia , Iovita Alexandrina , Golichenko Mikhail , Rachinska Valeria , Skala Pavlo , Gvozdetska Olga , Myroniuk Serhii , Amon Joseph J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, stark inequities exist in access to HIV treatment and prevention. The eastern European and central Asian region is experiencing the sharpest rise in new HIV acquisition and deaths in the world, with low rates of treatment and prevention services, especially for key and vulnerable populations who face a range of human rights‐related barriers to HIV prevention and treatment.MethodsAn implementation learning evaluation approach was used to examine the implementation of the Breaking Down Barriers initiative targeting key and vulnerable populations in Ukraine. Between September 2022 and April 2023, researchers conducted 23 key informant interviews with individuals from the Ukrainian government, implementing organizations and human rights experts. Using a concurrent triangulation design, researchers and key informants, in a process of co‐creation, sought to describe programme accomplishments, challenges and innovations in implementation, between 2021 and 2023, including periods before and after Russia's February 2022 full‐scale invasion.ResultsEight rights‐based interventions related to HIV were identified in Global Fund programme documents and key informant interviews as making up the core of the Breaking Down Barriers initiative in Ukraine. These included programmes seeking to: eliminate stigma and discrimination; ensure the non‐discriminatory provision of medical care; promote rights‐based law enforcement practices; expand legal literacy (“know your rights”); increase access to justice; improve laws, regulations and policies; reduce gender discrimination, harmful gender norms and violence against women and girls; and mobilize communities for advocacy. These programmes received US$5.9 million in funding. Key informants reported that significant progress had been made addressing human rights barriers and scaling up interventions, both before and after Russia's invasion. Programme implementors adopted innovative approaches, including using paralegals, hotlines and other community‐led interventions, to ensure that key and vulnerable populations, including displaced individuals, were able to access prevention and care.ConclusionsAn implementation learning evaluation approach examining programmes addressing human rights barriers to HIV services, designed as a process of co‐creation between researchers, programme implementors, government officials and human rights experts, can provide a robust assessment of programme outputs, outcomes and evidence of impact, despite a challenging operational environment.
Perceived algorithmic evaluation and app‐workers' service performance: The roles of flow experience and challenges of gig work
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Liu Guangjian , Pei Jialiang , Zhang Shuxia , Liu Jun 
Published: July 2024

SummaryAlgorithmic evaluations are becoming increasingly common among app‐workers. However, there is limited research on how app‐workers' perceptions of these evaluations (perceived algorithmic evaluation, or PAE) affect service performance. Our study addresses this gap in three ways: first, we introduce a new method to measure PAE among app‐workers. Second, building on flow theory, we explore how app‐workers' flow experience mediates the relationship between PAE and service performance. Third, by integrating the conservation of resources theory and flow theory, we examine how viability challenges might reduce the positive impact of PAE on app‐workers' flow experience. Using both interviews and surveys, our research reveals that PAE positively influences app‐workers' flow experience and, in turn, their service performance. Notably, we find that when workers face more viability challenges, the positive effects of PAE on their flow experience and service performance decrease. Our findings highlight the importance of algorithmic evaluation in shaping app‐workers' work experiences and outcomes in the gig economy and have significant theoretical and practical implications.