bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Local-Global Multiphase Upscaling for Improved Coarse-Grid Modelling of Condensate Banking Phenomena
Authors: Iizuka Ryo , Ikeda Shuichiro , Iino Atsushi , Funatsu Kunihiro , Akamine Koya , Nakajima Chihiro 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we show a new upscaling process to accurately predict the production performance of gas-condensate reservoirs, accounting for condensate banking phenomena, using a coarsely-gridded black-oil simulation model. In reservoir simulation, it has been necessary to conduct time-consuming fine-grid compositional simulation to reasonably predict the reservoir pressure profile and condensate banking near the wellbore. A newly-developed in-house program utilizes the Adaptive Local-Global Multiphase Upscaling (ALGMP) methodology developed by Nakashima et al. (2012)1. The main feature of the program is that both the entire model domain (global boundary) and local domain (well vicinity) are taken into account in the upscaling process to retain the accuracy of prediction within a relatively short computation time.
The entire model domain was reflected in the form of a coarse-grid full-field model, from which a near-wellbore area of interest was extracted for fine-grid compositional modelling (using velocity-dependent relative permeability (VDRP) to represent relative permeability improvement around wellbore caused by high velocity and/or low interfacial tension (IFT)), applying common flux boundary conditions at each time-step. In the coarse-grid full-field model, mobility change is mainly due to the near-wellbore condensate drop-out observed in the fine-grid compositional model. This was reflected by an iterative upscaling of the gas-condensate relative permeability and fluid properties, using an optimization loop over the local domain, to match the well phase flow rates in the coarse-grid black-oil model with that in the fine-grid compositional model, within an acceptable margin.
The developed program was applied to a real gas-condensate field model and demonstrated that the ALGMP procedure can provide well performance predictions close to the reference fine-grid simulation results with reduced computational time. The accuracy of the ALGMP procedure is higher than that of a standard single-phase upscaling approach.
Reservoir Opportunity Index - Advance in Well and Subsurface Design for Cost Effective Field Development
Authors: Ataei A. , Soni S. , Chuah B. , Yeek Huey H. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Phase development is key to any successful field development in complex and compartmentalized reservoirs. The balance of cost, value and risk drives the oil companies to learn from well and reservoir data as they develop the field. Naturally, well productivity will enhance in each phases, by a better well and completion design while the remaining mobile oil, hydrocarbon saturation and reservoir pressure are diminishing. Subsurface target selection and ultimately well design needs to be optimized rigorously in order to meet the expected value of each well in every drilling campaign.
This paper gives a new insight in Reservoir Opportunity Index (ROI) or Simulation Opportunity Index (SOI) which combines the key elements of each target (Flow Capacity, Remaining mobile oil and pressure) into a normalized parameter. There are several papers1,2,3 which introduce the application of this method in several case studies. All of those works is guided by existing simulation model which is history matched until present time. The model is then used to generate the SOI map with the MAX (SOI) function will be treated as the optimize location for future well location.
We had tested this method in several case studies and have found that more detail analysis in SOI indexes are needed before accepting the results of the MAX (SOI) function. Having several infill drilling campaign in the past gives us an opportunity to evaluate the SOI based on the previous data and production performance. Correction of the mathematical function may be needed to better match the historical data which is not limited to production only but the Productivity Index (PI), pressure and remaining oil map. The method have been applied in several cases including a tight gas reservoir and two vast multiple stacked oil reservoirs with reliable full field model.
It will be shown in this paper that this method gives a more reliable targets in subsurface and well design and hence introduced as an integrated part of well optimization workflow. Like other methods, it should be used with care as there are limitations in each case. This paper highlights those limitations that have been observed in our work and advised how to overcome the limitations.
Overcoming Separation Challenges by Use of Electrocoalescence Technology
Authors: Amarzguioui Morad , Jacobsen Per Christian 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Many challenges are encountered when separating oil and water in a production train. Two of the most common challenges are the presence of stable emulsions and/or high oil viscosities - both of which can limit separation efficiency significantly if not appropriately addressed. Production of “unconventionals” such as heavy oils is becoming more the norm in today's mature oil industry, where most of the light and easy oil fields have been produced. Stable emulsions are increasingly encountered as new wells and fields are tied-in to existing infrastructure, which increases tendency to form stable emulsions due to incompatible chemical compositions. The conventional solution to these challenges includes a combination of high process temperature, higher chemical dosages, larger vessels and/or more separation stages. A significant drawback to conventional separation solutions is that they often demand increased energy consumption, higher material costs and operating costs, and/or large space for the production facility. Furthermore, it is not always feasible to address the issues by conventional means due to restricted energy availability or space restrictions. In the presentation we focus on how the challenges can be resolved more efficiently by application of electrocoalescence at an early stage in the process train. The concept of electrostatic separation has been taken one step further with a Vessel Internal Electrostatic Coalescer (VIEC) that tolerates water and gas contents up to 100%.
The VIEC technology was the OTC “Spotlight on new Technology” award winner in 2004 and has since then been implemented on several major projects.
Transformation of a Ptr ToxB Nonproducing Isolate of Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis with the ToxB Gene Confers Pathogenicity on a Toxin‐Sensitive Wheat Genotype
Authors: Kim Yong Min , Aboukhaddour Reem , Strelkov Stephen E. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe causal agent of tan spot of wheat, Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis, is a necrotrophic ascomycete that produces multiple host‐selective toxins (HSTs) responsible for the development of destructive foliar lesions. Ptr ToxB, a small proteinaceous HST produced by some races of P. tritici‐repentis, causes extensive chlorosis on toxin‐sensitive wheat genotypes. To investigate the role of Ptr ToxB in the pathogenicity and virulence of P. tritici‐repentis, the open reading frame of the encoding gene, ToxB, was cloned from a wild‐type race 5 isolate of the fungus and transferred into a Ptr ToxB nonproducing isolate of race 2. Ectopic integration of ToxB was confirmed by Southern blotting analysis with a digoxigenin (DIG)‐labeled DNA probe, while the abundance of ToxB transcript in culture was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The production and secretion of Ptr ToxB were assessed by Western blotting analysis of the transformed fungal strains. The pathogenicity of the transformants was tested by inoculation on Ptr ToxB‐sensitive and insensitive wheat genotypes. The Ptr ToxB‐producing transformants were able to induce chlorosis in a host‐specific manner only on the toxin‐sensitive host genotype, resulting in significantly higher levels of disease than those caused by the nontransformed isolate. The extent of chlorosis was well correlated with the amount of Ptr ToxB produced. These results demonstrate that the acquisition of Ptr ToxB‐producing ability is a sufficient condition for pathogenicity in P. tritici‐repentis and confirm the role of this toxin in mediating the compatibility between the fungus and different genotypes of its wheat host.
The Effects of Restriction‐Enzyme Choice on Properties of Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing Libraries: A Study in Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
Authors: Hamblin Martha T. , Rabbi Ismail Y. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTCompared with other reduced‐representation sequencing methods, library construction for genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) is simpler and less expensive. However, elimination of size‐selection steps results in libraries of more variable fragment size than with other reduced‐representation methods, affecting several aspects of the data. To test the effect of restriction enzyme choice on library quality, we made GBS libraries with PstI (6‐cutter), PstI/TaqI (4‐cutter), or ApeKI (4.5‐cutter) from the same set of DNAs from a cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) biparental population. Tag and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) counts were limited by the number of cut sites rather than by read number. Depth per locus was very skewed for the PstI library, such that most SNPs had low read depth but a subset had very high read depth. In contrast, the ApeKI and PstI/TaqI libraries had less variable distributions of read depth and yielded far more scorable SNPs. Our results suggest that 6‐cutter enzymes may be most appropriate for genotyping a modest number of markers at a high multiplexing level, or for very large genomes, and perform better when used in a double digest with a 4‐cutter enzyme.
The Quality of Internal Control over Financial Reporting in Family Firms
Authors: Bardhan Indranil , Lin Shu , Wu Shu-Ling 
Published: September 2014

SYNOPSIS
Family firms represent a majority of businesses worldwide, and play a crucial role in the socio-economic development of both developed countries and emerging economies. We study the relationship between family firm characteristics and the quality of internal control over financial reporting, relative to non-family firms. Using a relatively large sample of S&P 500 firms, we report that family firms exhibit more material weaknesses in their internal control over financial reporting than non-family firms. Further investigation suggests that the greater likelihood of material weaknesses is driven by family firms with dual-class shares. Our results are consistent with the entrenchment argument that family owners are motivated to maintain weaker internal controls in order to extract private benefits. Our study contributes to the extant literature on family firms by providing further insight into the mechanisms through which family firms can exert undue influence on internal control over financial reporting.
A factor graph based genetic algorithm
Authors: Helmi B. Hoda , Rahmani Adel T. , Pelikan Martin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We propose a new linkage learning genetic algorithm called the Factor Graph based Genetic Algorithm (FGGA). In the FGGA, a factor graph is used to encode the underlying dependencies between variables of the problem. In order to learn the factor graph from a population of potential solutions, a symmetric non-negative matrix factorization is employed to factorize the matrix of pair-wise dependencies. To show the performance of the FGGA, encouraging experimental results on different separable problems are provided as support for the mathematical analysis of the approach. The experiments show that FGGA is capable of learning linkages and solving the optimization problems in polynomial time with a polynomial number of evaluations.
Co-prevalence of other tumors in patients harboring pituitary tumors
Authors: Couldwell William T. , Cannon-Albright Lisa A. 
Published: September 2014

Object
The cause of most pituitary tumors remains unknown, although a genetic contribution is recognized for some. The prevalence of pituitary tumors in the general population is high. Analyzing the Utah Population Database (UPDB), the authors investigated the co-prevalence of other independent primary tumors in patients with known pituitary tumors, both benign and malignant, and in the relatives of these patients.

Methods
The authors identified individuals in the Utah Cancer Registry diagnosed with pituitary tumors who also had genealogy data in the UPDB and then calculated relative risks (RRs) of other tumors in these patients and their relatives.

Results
Among the 591 individuals with pituitary tumors, 16 (2.7%) had a malignant pituitary tumor and 77 (13%) had independent primary tumors of other origin. Overall, this is significantly higher than expected (70.6 expected, p = 0.009) within the general population (RR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.06–1.61). A significant excess for several different cancer sites was observed among the first-, second-, and third-degree relatives of the cases, including prostate and other cancers. Independent primary tumors at other sites have markedly elevated co-prevalence in patients harboring pituitary tumors and among their close and distant relatives.

Conclusions
This information will prove useful for counseling patients in whom pituitary tumors have been diagnosed and suggests strong genetic or environmental co-risks for the development of other tumors.
Using a 2-variable method in radionuclide shuntography to predict shunt patency
Authors: Thompson Eric M. , Wagner Kate , Kronfeld Kassi , Selden Nathan R. 
Published: September 2014

Object
Radionuclide shuntography interpretation is uncertain when the tracer fails to enter the ventricles but quickly drains distally or when the tracer enters the ventricles but takes longer than 15 minutes to drain distally. The purpose of this study was to aid in the clinical interpretation of a variety of shuntography results and to determine the applicability of shuntography in different patient populations.

Methods
The results of 259 shuntograms were reviewed. Chi-square analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between clinical variables and shuntography results. Two-by-two binary classification analyses were performed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for 4 different combinatorial types of shuntography results based on 2 variables: ventricular tracer entry and distal tracer drainage.

Results
Median patient age was 19 years, and 51% of patients were male. The most common presentation in patients undergoing shuntography was headache (169/254, 66.5%) with radiographically stable ventricle size. Of 227 patients with available imaging data, 163 (71.8%) presented with the same ventricle size as shown on a previous asymptomatic scan, 43 (18.9%) had larger ventricles, and 21 (9.2%) had smaller ventricles. Within 30 days of shuntography, 74 of 259 patients (28.6%) underwent surgical shunt exploration: 65 were found to have an obstructed shunt and 9 were found to have a patent shunt. Of those patients not undergoing surgery, the median length of benign clinical follow-up was 1051 days. Clinical variables were not significantly associated with shuntography results, including valve type (p = 0.180), ventricle size (p = 0.556), age (p = 0.549), distal drainage site (p = 0.098), and hydrocephalus etiology (p = 0.937). Shuntography results of patients with myelomeningocele were not dissociable from those of the group as a whole. Sensitivity to diagnose shunt failure was lowest (37.5%) but specificity was highest (97.2%) when the definition of a “normal” shuntogram included any tracer movement into the distal site within 45 minutes. Conversely, sensitivity was highest (87.5%) and specificity was lowest (51.4%) when the definition was limited exclusively to tracer entry into the ventricles and distal drainage within 15 minutes.

Conclusions
Even with a stringent definition of a “normal” shuntogram, sensitivity and specificity were relatively low for a diagnostic test. Clinical variables such as valve type, ventricle size, patient age, distal drainage site, and etiology of hydrocephalus were not associated with shuntography results.
Endoscopic ultrasound: An all in one technique vibrates virtually around the whole internal medical field
Authors: Ge Nan , Sun Siyu 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The imaging obtained by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has improved our understanding of many disease states of the digestive tract. It was mostly utilized by gastroenterologists and surgeons. In this article, we highlight some of the indications and applications that may be noticed by other specialists such as non-small cell lung cancer (by a special EUS technique, i.e., endobronchial ultrasound), pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, kidney and adrenal masses, rectosigmoid endometriosis, celiac plexus neurolysis and pseudocyst drainage.
A New Family of High Order Unstructured MOOD and ADER Finite Volume Schemes for Multidimensional Systems of Hyperbolic Conservation Laws
Authors: Loubère Raphaël , Dumbser Michael , Diot Steven 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the coupling of the Multi-dimensional Optimal Order Detection (MOOD) method and the Arbitrary high order DERivatives (ADER) approach in order to design a new high order accurate, robust and computationally efficient Finite Volume (FV) scheme dedicated to solve nonlinear systems of hyperbolic conservation laws on unstructured triangular and tetrahedral meshes in two and three space dimensions, respectively. The Multi-dimensional Optimal Order Detection (MOOD) method for 2D and 3D geometries has been introduced in a recent series of papers for mixed unstructured meshes. It is an arbitrary high-order accurate Finite Volume scheme in space, using polynomial reconstructions witha posterioridetection and polynomial degree decrementing processes to deal with shock waves and other discontinuities. In the following work, the time discretization is performed with an elegant and efficient one-step ADER procedure. Doing so, we retain the good properties of the MOOD scheme, that is to say the optimal high-order of accuracy is reached on smooth solutions, while spurious oscillations near singularities are prevented. The ADER technique permits not only to reduce the cost of the overall scheme as shown on a set of numerical tests in 2D and 3D, but it also increases the stability of the overall scheme. A systematic comparison between classical unstructured ADER-WENO schemes and the new ADER-MOOD approach has been carried out for high-order schemes in space and time in terms of cost, robustness, accuracy and efficiency. The main finding of this paper is that the combination of ADER with MOOD generally outperforms the one of ADER and WENO either because at given accuracy MOOD is less expensive (memory and/or CPU time), or because it is more accurate for a given grid resolution. A large suite of classical numerical test problems has been solved on unstructured meshes for three challenging multi-dimensional systems of conservation laws: the Euler equations of compressible gas dynamics, the classical equations of ideal magneto-Hydrodynamics (MHD) and finally the relativistic MHD equations (RMHD), which constitutes a particularly challenging nonlinear system of hyperbolic partial differential equation. All tests are run on genuinely unstructured grids composed of simplex elements.
Les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) et la promotion de la santé sexuelle chez les jeunes autochtones du Québec
Authors: Adoun M.A. Serge Djossa , Roy Bernard , McHugh Nancy Gros-Louis , Caron Marie-Noëlle , Gagnon Marie-Pierre 
Published: September 2014

Cette étude visait à documenter les habitudes et préférences des jeunes (13-25 ans) des Premières Nations (PN) du Québec en regard des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC). Elle fut réalisée dans le cadre d'une évaluation de faisabilité d'interventions utilisant les TIC pour la promotion de la santé sexuelle et reproductive (SSR). Selon le questionnaire qui a été présenté à 192 participants par sondage électronique, plus de 60 % des répondants ont un accès régulier aux outils technologiques les plus mentionnés dans la littérature portant sur les interventions utilisant les TIC pour la promotion de la SSR et la prévention des ITSS/VIH/sida auprès des adolescents. Toutefois, ils préfèrent Internet comme canal pour recevoir de l'information sur la SSR.
Les rapports entre les jeunes et La Liberté
Authors: Keller Michelle 
Published: September 2014

Cet article propose une étude des rapports entre les jeunes et le journal francophone La Liberté. Dans un premier temps, nous en faisons l’historique depuis la fin des années 1960, en nous basant sur les collaborations journalistiques ponctuelles avant et après la création du Conseil jeunesse provincial en 1974. À la lumière de cet historique et à partir de l’analyse de la couverture de certaines « causes jeunesse » des dernières années, nous tenterons, dans un deuxième temps, de cerner les raisons qui expliquent la distance entre les jeunes et La Liberté aujourd’hui, au-delà de la popularité des médias sociaux.
The immersion mode ice nucleation behavior of mineral dusts: A comparison of different pure and surface modified dusts
Authors: Augustin‐Bauditz S. , Wex H. , Kanter S. , Ebert M. , Niedermeier D. , Stolz F. , Prager A. , Stratmann F. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this study we present results from immersion freezing experiments with size‐segregated mineral dust particles. Besides two already existing data sets for Arizona Test Dust (ATD), and Fluka kaolinite, we show two new data sets for illite‐NX, which consists mainly of illite, a clay mineral, and feldspar, a common crustal material. The experiments were carried out with the Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator. After comparing the different dust samples, it became obvious that the freezing ability was positively correlated with the K‐feldspar content. Furthermore, a comparison of the composition of the ATD, illite‐NX, and feldspar samples suggests that within the K‐feldspars, microcline is more ice nucleation active than orthoclase. A coating with sulfuric acid leads to a decrease in the ice nucleation ability of all mineral dusts, with the effect being more pronounced for the feldspar sample.
First observations of polarized scattering over ice clouds at close‐to‐millimeter wavelengths (157 GHz) with MADRAS on board the Megha‐Tropiques mission
Authors: Defer Eric , Galligani Victoria S. , Prigent Catherine , Jimenez Carlos 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPolarized scattering by frozen hydrometeors is investigated for the first time up to 157 GHz, based on the passive microwave observations of the Microwave Analysis and Detection of Rain and Atmospheric Structures (MADRAS) instrument on board the Indo‐French Megha‐Tropiques satellite mission. A comparison with time‐coincident Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Microwave Imager records confirms the consistency of the coincident observations collected independently by the two instruments up to 89 GHz. The MADRAS noise levels of 1.2 K at 89 GHz and of 2.5 K at 157 GHz are in agreement with the required specifications of the mission. Compared to the 89 GHz polarized channels that mainly sense large ice particles (snow and graupel), the 157 GHz polarized channel is sensitive to smaller particles and provides additional information on the cloud systems. The analysis of the radiometric signal at 157 GHz reveals that the ice scattering can induce a polarization difference of the order of 10 K at that frequency. Based on radiative transfer modeling the specific signature is interpreted as the effect of mainly horizontally oriented ice cloud particles. This suggests that the effects of the cloud particle orientation should be considered in rain and cloud retrievals using passive radiometry at microwave and millimeter wavelengths.