bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A natural heme‐signature variant of CYP267A1 from Sorangium cellulosum So ce56 executes diverse ω‐hydroxylation
Authors: Khatri Yogan , Hannemann Frank , Girhard Marco , Kappl Reinhard , Hutter Michael , Urlacher Vlada B. , Bernhardt Rita 
Published: October 2014

A novel naturally occurring heme‐signature variant of CYP267A1 from myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum So ce56 and its mutant L366F, the actual mimic of the ‘conserved’ heme‐signature of cytochromes P450, were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli in a soluble form and purified. The UV–visible characteristics of both variants were highly similar. Although leucine replaced the phenylalanine in the heme‐signature domain of CYP267A1, EPR measurements of the ligand‐free wild‐type CYP267A1 and the mutant L366F showed low‐spin rhombic species suggesting a conserved heme environment of the P450s. The need of primary redox partners for the orphan P450 was sustained by the bovine redox system and a class‐I electron transfer path was provided during fatty acid hydroxylation. CYP267A1 showed higher activity and produced more diverse ω‐hydroxylated products compared with L366F. In both enzymes the regioselectivity of the fatty acid hydroxylation shifted towards the inner carbon atoms of the fatty acid chains with increasing carbon chain lengths. Our docking results in a homology model of the protein showed that longer fatty acids need to be folded to fit into the binding pocket. In the mutant L366F, the ω‐1 and ω‐2 positions which exhibit the largest electron density of the highest occupied molecular orbital are preferred. It is speculated that the leucine heme‐signature variant of P450 might have evolved under selective evolutionary pressure, which confers an increased advantage to generate a broader spectrum of related alcohols and carboxylic acids required for the bacterial homeostasis or metabolism in a particular ecological niche.
New insight into the mechanism underlying fibroin secretion in silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Long Dingpei , Lu Weijian , Zhang Yang , Guo Qing , Xiang Zhonghuai , Zhao Aichun 
Published: October 2014

In order to investigate the role of different parts of the fibroin heavy chain (H‐chain) in the secretion of fibroin in the silk gland of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) in vivo, two enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)/H‐chain fusion genes with deduced protein sequences containing an identical N‐terminal region and different C‐terminal regions of the H‐chain were introduced into the B. mori genome using a piggyBac‐mediated germline transformation. EGFP fluorescence and molecular analysis showed the products of two different EGFP/H‐chain fusion proteins were secreted into the posterior silk gland lumen and aggregated in the middle silk gland and spun into cocoons. The results revealed that only the non‐repetitive N terminus of the H‐chain is essential for secretion of the H‐chain into the posterior silk gland lumen. In addition, our results also indicated that the most likely post‐translational modification of the H‐chain is at the C‐terminal domain. Here, our results not only provide a theoretical basis for the genetic modification of silk fiber as a functional biomaterial but also are of great significance to establishing a new silk gland bioreactor to mass‐produce exogenous proteins in an active form.
Contemporaneous climate directly controls broad‐scale patterns of woody plant diversity: a test by a natural experiment over 14,000 years
Authors: Vázquez‐Rivera Héctor , Currie David J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimBroad‐scale diversity gradients are strongly correlated with climate. This correlation may reflect direct control of richness by contemporaneous climate. Alternatively, factors that were collinear with contemporaneous climate may have affected richness (e.g. temperature during the Last Glacial Maximum, LGM). We tested the hypothesis that contemporaneous climate directly controls broad‐scale patterns of richness. If climate directly (i.e. causally) controls richness, then when climate changes, richness should vary with climate through time in the same way that richness varies with climate through space. We also tested hypotheses that suggest that patterns of richness are primarily determined by processes associated with climate at the LGM.LocationNorth America, north of Mexico.MethodsWe used temperature changes over the last 14,000 years in North America as a ‘natural experiment’. We compared a proxy of woody plant family richness (based on fossilized pollen) with two reconstructions of the spatio‐temporal variation of temperature across North America at 1000‐year intervals.ResultsWe found that the spatial and temporal regional variations in richness of woody plant families, observed at 1000‐year intervals and expressed as a function of temperature, remained quite congruent during the changing climate since the end of the Pleistocene (the last c. 11,000 years). Between 14,000 and 11,000 yr bp, lags occurred during cooling periods, when richness remained anomalously high; however, richness was not anomalously low during the rapid warming in the late Pleistocene. Richness was significantly less strongly related to climate change since the LGM.Main conclusionsOur results provide a strong test of the hypothesis that, in ecological time, contemporaneous climate controls most of the broad‐scale variation in patterns of richness. Richness, independently of the responses of individual species, is likely to track current climate change, except possibly when temperature changes are very rapid.
Using the Health Belief Model to explain patient involvement in patient safety
Authors: Bishop Andrea C. , Baker G. Ross , Boyle Todd A. , MacKinnon Neil J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundWith the knowledge that patient safety incidents can significantly impact patients, providers and health‐care organizations, greater emphasis on patient involvement as a means to mitigate risks warrants further research.ObjectiveTo understand whether patient perceptions of patient safety play a role in patient involvement in factual and challenging patient safety practices and whether the constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM) help to explain such perceptions.DesignPartial least squares (PLS) analysis of survey data.Setting and ParticipantsFour inpatient units located in two tertiary hospitals in Atlantic Canada. Patients discharged from participating units between November 2010 and January 2011.InterventionNone.ResultsA total of 217 of the 587 patient surveys were returned for a final response rate of 37.0%. The PLS analysis revealed relationships between patient perceptions of threat and self‐efficacy and the performance of factual and challenging patient safety practices, explaining 46 and 42% of the variance, respectively.DiscussionThe results from this study provide evidence for the constructs and relationships set forth by the HBM. Perceptions of patient safety were shown to influence patient likelihood for engaging in selected patient safety practices. While perceptions of barriers and benefits and threats were found to be a contributing factor to patient involvement in patient safety practices, self‐efficacy plays an important role as a mediating factor.ConclusionsOverall, the use of the HBM within patient safety provides for increased understanding of how such perceptions can be influenced to improve patient engagement in promoting safer health care.
Observation of Crack Propagation in Glass Using X‐ray Phase Contrast Imaging
Authors: Parab Niranjan D. , Black John T. , Claus Benjamin , Hudspeth Matthew , Sun Jianzhuo , Fezzaa Kamel , Chen Weinong W. 
Published: October 2014

High‐speed X‐ray phase contrast imaging synchronized with a Kolsky bar apparatus was utilized to investigate the cracking behavior of a borosilicate glass, a soda lime glass, and a glass ceramic in front of a cylindrical projectile with an impact velocity of 5 ms−1. For each material, three different surface conditions were prepared for the impacted edge of the specimen. Angular cracking was observed in front of the projectile for borosilicate glass. For soda lime glass, straight cracking was observed. For glass ceramic, curved cracking was observed in front of the projectile. Cracking behavior was observed to be independent of the surface condition on the impacted edge.
Extrusion of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) meal and its effect on oil extraction
Authors: Yin Fa‐Wen , Liu Xiao‐Yang , Fan Xin‐Ru , Zhou Da‐Yong , Xu Wen‐Si , Zhu Bei‐Wei , Murata Yoshi‐Yuki 
Published: October 2014

SummaryAntarctic krill meal as well as mixed krill meal and starches were extruded through a twin‐screw extruder. The extrudates were hard and porous agglomerates. The pellets still showed intact structure without obvious disintegration in response to hexane extraction. The oil recovery rates for raw krill meal and the extrudate of single krill meal were 55.08% and 59.08%, respectively. For extrudates, oil recovery rate increased along with the increasing additive amount of starches, with a maximum of 83.13%. Oil extracted from raw krill meal contained 49.30% of triglycerides (TG), 44.16% of phospholipids (PL), 1.45% of free fatty acids (FFA) and 4.69% of cholesterols (CHO). Meanwhile, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) account for 20.89%, 37.84% and 41.27% of the total fatty acids, respectively. By contrast, oils extracted from extrudates contained more TG but less PL and more SFA but less PUFA.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with the use of interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection complicated by extrinsic left main coronary artery compression
Authors: Anderson R. D. , Thompson A. , Burns A. T. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInterferon‐alpha treatment is a rare cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We report a case of a 43‐year‐old man treated for chronic hepatitis C infection complicated by decompensated right heart failure diagnosed with PAH and external coronary artery compression secondary to a dilated pulmonary trunk. The novel complication of extrinsic coronary artery compression should be considered in PAH patients presenting with chest pain or acute coronary syndrome. Establishing a diagnosis has clinical value as pulmonary vasodilator therapy may improve symptoms.
An unequivocal good? Acknowledging the complexities of advance care planning
Authors: Robins‐Browne K. , Palmer V. , Komesaroff P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOver the past few decades advance care planning (ACP) has become the subject of debate, research and legislation in many countries. Encouraging people to express their preference for treatment in advance, ideally in written form, seems a natural way to identify what someone might have wanted when they can no longer participate in decision‐making. The notion of ACP as an unequivocal good permeates much of the research and policy work in this area. For example, ACP is now actively encouraged in Australian federal and state government policies and the Victorian Government has recently published a practical ACP strategy for Victorian health services (2014–2018). However, advance care plan is ethically complex and the introduction of the Victorian health services strategy provides an opportunity to reflect on this complexity, particularly on the benefits and risks of ACP.
Transcriptional profile in afferent lymph cells following vaccination with liposomes incorporating CpG
Authors: Neeland Melanie R. , Elhay Martin J. , Powell David R. , Rossello Fernando J. , Meeusen Els N. T. , de Veer Michael J. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryVaccine formulations incorporating innate immune stimulants are highly immunogenic; however, the biological signals that originate in the peripheral tissues at the site of injection and are transmitted to the local lymph node to induce immunity remain unclear. By directly cannulating the ovine afferent lymphatic vessels, we have previously shown that it takes 72 hr for mature antigen‐loaded dendritic cells and monocytes to appear within afferent lymph following injection of a liposomal formulation containing the Toll‐like receptor ligand CpG. In this present study, we characterize the global transcriptional signatures at this time‐point in ovine afferent lymph cells as they migrate from the injection site into the lymphatics following vaccination with a liposome antigen formulation incorporating CpG. We show that at 72 hr post vaccination, liposomes alone induce no changes in gene expression and inflammatory profiles within afferent lymph; however, the incorporation of CpG drives interferon, antiviral and cytotoxic gene programmes. This study also measures the expression of key genes within individual cell types in afferent lymph. Antiviral gene signatures are most prominent in lymphocytes, which may play a significant and unexpected role in sustaining the immune response to vaccination at the site of injection. These findings provide a comprehensive analysis of the in vivo immunological pathways that connect the injection site with the local draining lymph node following vaccination.
Placental hypoxic overlap lesions: A clinicoplacental correlation
Authors: Stanek Jerzy 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThis retrospective analysis is aimed to study clinical and placental associations of placental acute, chronic, and acute‐on‐chronic (overlap) hypoxic lesions.Material and MethodsFrequencies of 32 clinical (maternal and fetal) and 47 placental (gross and microscopic) phenotypes were compared by the Yates χ2 with the Holm–Bonferroni correction among consecutive placentas from 2831 ≥16‐week gestations: 778 placentas with chronic hypoxic lesion(s) (diffuse patterns of hypoxic placental injury, chorangiosis, excessive extravillous trophoblasts, microscopic chorionic pseudocysts, clusters of decidual multinucleate trophoblasts), 481 placentas with acute hypoxic lesion(s) (infarction, intravillous hemorrhage, deep meconium penetration, membrane laminar necrosis), 585 placentas with hypoxic overlap lesion(s) (coexisting at least one lesion from each of the above groups), and 987 placentas without placental hypoxic lesions, adjusted for gestational age.ResultsThe control group was dominated by premature rupture of membranes, inflammatory pattern of placental injury, and poor prenatal care. The fetal and placental hypoxic patterns were associated not only with increased frequency of clinical hypoxia‐associated conditions, but also abnormal umbilical cord coiling, intervillous thrombi, retroplacental hematomas, and placental features of fetal thrombotic vasculopathy, particularly in association with hypoxic overlap lesions.ConclusionPlacental hypoxic overlap lesions are associated with clinical complications of pregnancy and predispose to thrombotic lesions, some most likely stasis‐induced.
Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the uterus confirmed with fluorescence in situ hybridization in a 29‐year‐old Chinese female: A case report and published work review
Authors: Yi Tianjin , Wang Ping , Lin Lin , Jiang Wei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEwing's sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (ES/pPNET) are a group of small round cell sarcomas that show varying degrees of neuroectodermal differentiation characterized by translocation involving the EWS gene. Uterine ES/pPNET is a rare entity. A 29‐year‐old Chinese female who presented with abdominal swelling and pain was diagnosed with a primary uterine ES/pPNET on the basis of clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) data. She was given a multimodal treatment, including neoadjuvant, 95% cytoreductive, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient is currently alive with persistent disease after 18 months of follow‐up. We emphasized the crucial role of molecular techniques in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors in this unusual location. Multimodal therapy may improve the outcomes of patients.
Music therapy for service users with dementia: a critical review of the literature
Authors: Blackburn R. , Bradshaw T. 
Published: October 2014

Accessible summary
Dementia is a progressive illness that to date has no cure and currently affects over 35 million people worldwide. This figure is predicted to increase significantly over the next two decades.
There is growing interest in identifying non‐pharmacological therapies effective in improving quality of life and reducing challenging behaviours with a dementia client group.
Our objective is to identify if music therapy is a beneficial therapy for use with dementia patients.
We conducted a review of the literature and concluded that the studies show promising results, but because of poor methodological quality further research would be recommended.
AbstractDementia is an organic mental health problem that has been estimated to affect over 23 million people worldwide. With increasing life expectancy in most countries, it has been estimated that the prevalence of dementia will continue to significantly increase in the next two decades. Dementia leads to cognitive impairments most notably short‐term memory loss and impairments in functioning and quality of life (QOL). National policy in the UK advocates the importance of early diagnosis, treatment and social inclusion in maintaining a good QOL. First‐line treatment options often involve drug therapies aimed at slowing down the progression of the illness and antipsychotic medication to address challenging behaviours. To date, research into non‐pharmacological interventions has been limited. In this manuscript, we review the literature that has reported evaluations of the effects of music therapy, a non‐pharmacological intervention. The results of six studies reviewed suggest that music therapy may have potential benefits in reducing anxiety, depression and agitated behaviour displayed by elderly people with dementia as well as improving cognitive functioning and QOL. Furthermore, music therapy is a safe and low‐cost intervention that could potentially be offered by mental health nurses and other carers working in residential settings.
Topically Applied NO-Releasing Nanoparticles Can Increase Intracorporal Pressure and Elicit Spontaneous Erections in a Rat Model of Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Tar Moses , Cabrales Pedro , Navati Mahantesh , Adler Brandon , Nacharaju Parimala , Friedman Adam J. , Friedman Joel , Davies Kelvin P. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) suffer from erectile dysfunction (ED) refractory to phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, which act downstream of cavernous nerve (CN)-mediated release of nitric oxide (NO). Direct delivery of NO to the penis could potentially circumvent this limitation.

Aim
This study aimed to determine if topically applied NO-releasing nanoparticles (NO-NPs) could elicit erections in a rat model of RP through increased blood flow.

Methods
Twenty-six Sprague Dawley rats underwent bilateral transection of the CN. One week later, NO-NPs were applied topically to the penile shaft in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) gel (10 animals) or coconut oil (6 animals). Control animals were treated with empty NPs. Erectile function was determined through the intracorporal pressure/blood pressure ratio (ICP/BP). The effect of the NO-NPs on blood flow was determined using a hamster dorsal window chamber.

Main Outcome Measures
Animals were investigated for spontaneous erections, onset and duration of erectile response, and basal ICP/BP ratio. Microcirculatory blood flow was determined through measurements of arteriolar and venular diameter and red blood cell velocity.

Results
Eight of 10 animals treated with NO-NPs suspended in DMSO gel had significant increases in basal ICP/BP, and 6 out of these 10 animals demonstrated spontaneous erections of approximately 1 minute in duration. Time to onset of spontaneous erections ranged from 5 to 37 minutes, and they occurred for at least 45 minutes. Similar results were observed with NO-NPs applied in coconut oil. No erectile response was observed in control animal models treated with empty NPs. The hamster dorsal window chamber experiment demonstrated that NO-NPs applied as a suspension in coconut oil caused a significant increase in the microcirculatory blood flow, sustained over 90 minutes.

Conclusions
Topically applied NO-NPs induced spontaneous erections and increased basal ICP in an animal model of RP. These effects are most likely due to increased microcirculatory blood flow. These characteristics suggest that NO-NPs would be useful in penile rehabilitation of patients following RP.
Relationship of Plasma N‐terminal Pro‐brain Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations to Heart Failure Classification and Cause of Respiratory Distress in Dogs Using a 2nd Generation ELISA Assay
Authors: Fox P.R. , Oyama M.A. , Hezzell M.J. , Rush J.E. , Nguyenba T.P. , DeFrancesco T.C. , Lehmkuhl L.B. , Kellihan H.B. , Bulmer B. , Gordon S.G. , Cunningham S.M. , MacGregor J. , Stepien R.L. , Lefbom B. , Adin D. , Lamb K. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundCardiac biomarkers provide objective data that augments clinical assessment of heart disease (HD).Hypothesis/ObjectivesDetermine the utility of plasma N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide concentration [NT‐proBNP] measured by a 2nd generation canine ELISA assay to discriminate cardiac from noncardiac respiratory distress and evaluate HD severity.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (n = 291).MethodsMulticenter, cross‐sectional, prospective investigation. Medical history, physical examination, echocardiography, and thoracic radiography classified 113 asymptomatic dogs (group 1, n = 39 without HD; group 2, n = 74 with HD), and 178 with respiratory distress (group 3, n = 104 respiratory disease, either with or without concurrent HD; group 4, n = 74 with congestive heart failure [CHF]). HD severity was graded using International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) and ACVIM Consensus (ACVIM‐HD) schemes without knowledge of [NT‐proBNP] results. Receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis assessed the capacity of [NT‐proBNP] to discriminate between dogs with cardiac and noncardiac respiratory distress. Multivariate general linear models containing key clinical variables tested associations between [NT‐proBNP] and HD severity.ResultsPlasma [NT‐proBNP] (median; IQR) was higher in CHF dogs (5,110; 2,769–8,466 pmol/L) compared to those with noncardiac respiratory distress (1,287; 672–2,704 pmol/L; P < .0001). A cut‐off >2,447 pmol/L discriminated CHF from noncardiac respiratory distress (81.1% sensitivity; 73.1% specificity; area under curve, 0.84). A multivariate model comprising left atrial to aortic ratio, heart rate, left ventricular diameter, end‐systole, and ACVIM‐HD scheme most accurately associated average plasma [NT‐proBNP] with HD severity.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePlasma [NT‐proBNP] was useful for discriminating CHF from noncardiac respiratory distress. Average plasma [NT‐BNP] increased significantly as a function of HD severity using the ACVIM‐HD classification scheme.