bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion‐weighted MRI for early detection and characterization of prostate cancer in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model
Authors: Hill Deborah K. , Kim Eugene , Teruel Jose R. , Jamin Yann , Widerøe Marius , Søgaard Caroline D. , Størkersen Øystein , Rodrigues Daniel N. , Heindl Andreas , Yuan Yinyin , Bathen Tone F. , Moestue Siver A. 
Published: November 2015

PurposeTo improve early diagnosis of prostate cancer to aid clinical decision‐making. Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‐MRI) is sensitive to water diffusion throughout tissues, which correlates with Gleason score, a histological measure of prostate cancer aggressiveness. In this study the ability of DW‐MRI to detect prostate cancer onset and development was evaluated in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice.Materials and MethodsT2‐weighted and DW‐MRI were acquired using a 7T MR scanner, 200 mm bore diameter; 10 TRAMP and 6 C57BL/6 control mice were scanned every 4 weeks from 8 weeks of age until sacrifice at 28–30 weeks. After sacrifice, the genitourinary tract was excised and sectioned for histological analysis. Histology slides registered with DW‐MR images allowed for validation of DW‐MR images and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as tools for cancer detection and disease stratification. An automated early assessment tool based on ADC threshold values was developed to aid cancer detection and progression monitoring.ResultsThe ADC differentiated between control prostate ((1.86 ± 0.20) × 10−3 mm2/s) and normal TRAMP prostate ((1.38 ± 0.10) × 10−3 mm2/s) (P = 0.0001), between TRAMP prostate and well‐differentiated cancer ((0.93 ± 0.18) × 10−3 mm2/s) (P = 0.0006), and between well‐differentiated cancer and poorly differentiated cancer ((0.63 ± 0.06) × 10−3 mm2/s) (P = 0.02).ConclusionDW‐MRI is a tool for early detection of cancer, and discrimination between cancer stages in the TRAMP model. The incorporation of DW‐MRI‐based prostate cancer stratification and monitoring could increase the accuracy of preclinical trials using TRAMP mice. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1207–1217.
How reader perception of capsule affects interpretation of washout in hypervascular liver nodules in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sofue Keitaro , Sirlin Claude B. , Allen Brian C. , Nelson Rendon C. , Berg Carl L. , Bashir Mustafa R. 
Published: November 2015

PurposeTo determine whether reader perception of a capsule affects reader interpretation of washout in hypervascular liver nodules at dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study was Institutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)‐compliant, with waiver of informed consent. MRI reports for 111 hypervascular liver nodules (median 2.0 cm, range 1.0–17.8 cm) in 62 patients were reviewed, and the presence/absence of capsule and washout were recorded for one reading. A second independent study reading was also performed. The signal intensity ratio (SIR) for each nodule and liver parenchyma was measured. An objective SIR threshold was identified for nodules without capsules that correctly classified the presence/absence of washout, then applied to nodules with capsules to classify them as having / not having objective washout. Nodules were categorized as definite / not definite HCC using subjective and objective washout, based on LI‐RADS, OPTN, AASLD, and EASL criteria, and proportions compared using McNemar's test.ResultsAgreement on nodule features was high for Readings 1 and 2 (κ = 0.70–0.82). For Reading 1, 71 nodules lacked capsules (43 with and 28 without subjective washout); an SIR threshold of 0.88 classified the presence/absence of washout correctly in 94% (67/71, P < 0.001). Forty nodules had capsules; although all had subjective washout (100%, 40/40), 75% (30/40) had objective washout (P < 0.05). Using objective washout caused 4.5% (3/66; LI‐RADS, OPTN) and 12% (10/83; AASLD, EASL) of nodules to be recategorized from definite HCC to not definite HCC.ConclusionReader perception of capsule affects interpretation of washout. This effect can influence nodule categorization using imaging‐based diagnostic systems. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1337–1345.
An experimental study of the interaction effects of incentive compensation, career ambition, and task attention on Chinese managers' strategic risk behaviors
Authors: Chng Daniel Han Ming , Wang Joyce Cong Ying 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBuilding on the person–pay interaction model, we developed and tested a model for the influence of managers' career ambition and task attention on their responses to incentive compensation under different conditions of firm performance. We argued that managers with greater career ambition and task attention will be more responsive to incentive compensation, thereby engaging in more strategic risk behaviors, such as strategic risk taking and strategic change. Results of our experiment using a managerial decision‐making game with a sample of Chinese managers partially supported this contingency perspective. Under the condition of performance decline, managers' career ambition only accentuated the positive relationship between incentive compensation and strategic change. By contrast, task attention strengthened the positive relationships between incentive compensation and both strategic risk taking and strategic change. However, under the condition of performance growth, neither managers' career ambition nor their task attention influenced their responses to incentive compensation. We discuss the implications for how organizational leaders can use incentive compensation to influence the strategic risk behaviors of managers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wave finite element‐based superelements for forced response analysis of coupled systems via dynamic substructuring
Authors: Silva Priscilla Brandão , Mencik Jean‐Mathieu , de Franca Arruda José Roberto 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe wave finite element (WFE) method is used for assessing the harmonic response of coupled mechanical systems that involve one‐dimensional periodic structures and coupling elastic junctions. The periodic structures under concern are composed of complex heterogeneous substructures like those encountered in real engineering applications. A strategy is proposed that uses the concept of numerical wave modes to express the dynamic stiffness matrix (DSM), or the receptance matrix (RM), of each periodic structure. Also, the Craig–Bampton (CB) method is used to model each coupling junction by means of static modes and fixed‐interface modes. An efficient WFE‐based criterion is considered to select the junction modes that are of primary importance. The consideration of several periodic structures and coupling junctions is achieved through classic finite element (FE) assembly procedures, or domain decomposition techniques. Numerical experiments are carried out to highlight the relevance of the WFE‐based DSM and RM approaches in terms of accuracy and computational savings, in comparison with the conventional FE and CB methods. The following test cases are considered: a 2D frame structure under plane stresses and a 3D aircraft fuselage‐like structure involving stiffened cylindrical shells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Digital modulation and coding for satellite optical feeder links with pre‐distortion adaptive optics
Authors: Dimitrov Svilen , Barrios Ricardo , Matuz Balazs , Liva Gianluigi , Mata‐Calvo Ramon , Giggenbach Dirk 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn this paper, a packet‐level forward error correction coding technique and pre‐distortion adaptive optics technology are applied to a digital transmission scheme for optical feeder links in a geostationary Earth orbit satellite communication system. The architectures of the gateway and the satellite are defined, including the building blocks of the interface between the radio frequency front‐end and the optical front‐end, as well as the digital signal processor. The system is designed to cater for Terabit/s high‐throughput satellite applications. The performance of the digital transmission scheme is evaluated in the forward and return links. The turbulent atmospheric optical channel is modeled for different optical ground station altitudes. It is shown that fade mitigation techniques such as packet‐level forward error correction coding and pre‐distortion adaptive optics in the forward link, as well as large‐aperture optical ground station telescope in the return link, are essential to close the link budget of a Terabit/s satellite communication system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐ and second‐born adolescents' decision‐making autonomy throughout adolescence
Authors: Campione‐Barr Nicole , Lindell Anna K. , Short Stephen D. , Greer Kelly Bassett , Drotar Scott D. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTFirst‐ and second‐born adolescents' and their parents' perceptions of adolescents' decision‐making autonomy were compared from ages 12 to 19 in a longitudinal sample of 145 predominantly White, middle class families. Utilizing a multivariate, multilevel modeling approach, differences in perceptions of adolescents' autonomy between parents and each adolescent, as well as by social‐cognitive domain were examined. The present study found that when comparing parents' perceptions of their children at the same age, second‐borns were granted more autonomy regarding conventional issues than first‐borns during early adolescence, but by later adolescence first‐borns were granted more autonomy regarding prudential issues than second‐borns. However, comparisons between adolescents' and siblings' perceptions showed no differences. Potential reasons for, and implications of, differences in perceptions of adolescent autonomy are discussed.
Social stress in early adolescents' daily lives: Associations with affect and loneliness
Authors: van Roekel Eeske , Ha Thao , Verhagen Maaike , Kuntsche Emmanuel , Scholte Ron H.J. , Engels Rutger C.M.E. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAdolescence is characterized by increased social stress due to changes in interpersonal relationships, but little is known about daily experiences of social stress. The aim of the present study was to examine daily life predictors of increases in social stress, how these increases affected adolescents' mood, and whether loneliness moderated these relations. The Experience Sampling Method was used to measure positive and negative affect and increases in social stress in 278 early adolescents from the Netherlands. Results showed that adolescents were most likely to experience increases in social stress when they were with classmates, during week days, and in the morning. Lonely adolescents showed higher increases in social stress and responded more negatively to increases in social stress, compared to non‐lonely adolescents.
Infection levels and seasonality of monogeneans in the largemouth bassMicropterus salmoides(Perciformes: Centrarchidae) from Nuevo León, Mexico
Authors: Galaviz-Silva L. , Iruegas-Buentello F.J. , Escobar-González B. , Molina-Garza Z.J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLargemouth bass,Micropterus salmoides, is a native fish species with special importance for sport fishing competitions in Nuevo León, Mexico. However, no study has investigated the parasitic fauna ofM. salmoides, and no reports are available on monogenean parasites in this fish species. Therefore, we described the monogenean parasites ofM. salmoidesand the effects of season and fish condition factor in five reservoirs: La Boca (LB), El Cuchillo–Solidaridad (CS), Sombreretillo (S), Laguna Salinillas (LS) and Cerro Prieto (CP). The monogeneans infectingM. salmoideswereClavunculus unguisandAcolpenteron ureteroecetes(collected in all localities), as well asSyncleithrium fusiformis,Haplocleidus furcatus,Clavunculus bifurcatusandUrocleidus principalis(CS).Clavunculus unguishad the highest prevalence in fish from all reservoirs. The abundance of monogeneans was generally greater in late spring to autumn than in winter. Although season was not correlated with abundance (rs= 0.0934,P< 0.0154), the months of highest temperature (from May to September) were positively correlated with parasite abundance. A significant association was observed between fish condition factor and the presence of monogeneans (P< 0.05), except forA. ureteroecetes. Our findings include five new geographic records forC. unguis,S. fusiformis,H. furcatusandC. bifurcatus.
Effects of livelihood transformation on older persons in the Nordic Arctic: a gender-based analysis
Authors: Begum Shahnaj 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the transformation that has occurred in livelihoods in the Nordic Arctic, showing how it affects gender equality among the region's older people. The region's population includes the Sámi, an indigenous people, who have traditionally relied for their livelihood on activities such as reindeer herding, making handicrafts, farming, fishing, hunting, trapping and gathering. In recent years these have faced enormous challenges because of the rapid transformation of the region in the wake of climate change and globalisation. Overall, these and other processes have precipitated socio-economic, cultural, environmental and infrastructural changes that are transforming the local economies and severely impacting older people in particular. The main research question examined in this article is whether gender inequality has arisen among older people because of the ongoing transformation of livelihoods. To this end, the paper provides an empirical analysis based on experiences gathered from field studies conducted by the author in Finnish and Swedish Lapland. The research also presents the experiences of older persons in light of the standard set by General Recommendation 27 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, which oversees the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. The Recommendation sets out the right of older women to equality and non-discrimination. The findings of the present research contribute to filling a gap in the literature on the topic.
Assessment of the carotid artery intima-media complex through ultrasonography and the relationship with Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth
Authors: Ramos Thacira D. A. , Dantas Tatianne M. E. , Simões Mônica O. S. , Carvalho Danielle F. , Medeiros Carla C. M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the presence of carotid thickening and its relationship with the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth score.MethodsWe carried out a cross-sectional study involving 512 brazilian adolescents. Variables such as sex, body mass index, concentrations of non-high-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin A1c levels that make up the score, and carotid thickening through the intima-media complex measured by ultrasound were evaluated. We adopted two cut-off points to evaluate carotid thickening, being considered altered for those higher or equal to the z-score 2+ and ⩾75th percentile. The association was assessed using the χ2 test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsHigh cardiovascular risk was present in 10.2% of the adolescents; carotid thickness was present in 4.3% determined by the z-score 2+ and in 25.0% determined by the 75th percentile. When measured by the z-score, carotid thickening was associated with high systolic blood pressure (p=0.024), high-non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.039), and high cardiovascular risk assessed by the score and by the 75th percentile, with body mass index >30 (p=0.005). In the multivariate analysis, high cardiovascular risk was found to be independently associated with the presence of carotid thickness evaluated by the z-score, with risk four times greater (p=0.010) of presenting with this condition compared with individuals with low risk, and this fact was not observed when factors were analysed alone.ConclusionThe presence of high cardiovascular risk in adolescents assessed by the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth score was associated with marked thickening of the carotid artery in healthy adolescents.
A differential network analysis approach for lineage specifier prediction in stem cell subpopulations
Authors: Okawa Satoshi , Angarica Vladimir Espinosa , Lemischka Ihor , Moore Kateri , del Sol Antonio 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Background:
Stem cell differentiation is a complex biological process. Cellular heterogeneity, such as the co-existence of different cell subpopulations within a population, partly hampers our understanding of this process. The modern single-cell gene expression technologies, such as single-cell RT-PCR and RNA-seq, have enabled us to elucidate such heterogeneous cell subpopulations. However, the identification of a transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) for each cell subpopulation within a population and genes determining specific cell fates (lineage specifiers) remains a challenge due to the slower development of appropriate computational and experimental workflows. Here, we propose a computational differential network analysis approach for predicting lineage specifiers in binary-fate differentiation events.

Methods:
The proposed method is based on a model that considers each stem cell subpopulation being in a stable state maintained by its specific TRN stability core, and cell differentiation involves changes in these stability cores between parental and daughter cell subpopulations. The method first reconstructs topologically different cell-subpopulation specific TRNs from single-cell gene expression data, literature knowledge and transcription factor (TF)–DNA binding-site prediction. Then, it systematically predicts lineage specifiers by identifying genes in the TRN stability cores in both parental and daughter cell subpopulations.

Results:
Application of this method to different stem cell differentiation systems was able to predict known and putative novel lineage specifiers. These examples include the differentiation of inner cell mass into either primitive endoderm or epiblast, different progenitor cells in the hematopoietic system, and the lung alveolar bipotential progenitor into either alveolar type 1 or alveolar type 2.

Conclusions:
The method is generally applicable to any binary-fate differentiation system, for which single-cell gene expression data are available. Therefore, it should aid in understanding stem cell lineage specification, and in the development of experimental strategies for regenerative medicine.
Glaucoma Severity and Participation in Diverse Social Roles: Does Visual Field Loss Matter?
Authors: Yang Yelin , Trope Graham E. , Buys Yvonne M. , Badley Elizabeth M. , Gignac Monique A.M. , Shen Carl , Jin Ya-Ping 
Published: November 2015

Purpose:
To assess the association between glaucoma severity and participation in diverse social roles.

Design:
Cross-sectional survey.

Patients and Methods:
Individuals with glaucoma, 50+, with visual acuity in the better eye >20/50 were enrolled. They were classified into 3 groups based on visual field loss in the better eye: mild [mean deviation (MD)>−6 dB], moderate (MD, −6 to −12 dB), and severe (MD<−12 dB). The validated Social Role Participation Questionnaire assessed respondents’ perceptions of the importance, difficulty, and satisfaction with participation in 11 social role domains (eg, community events, travel). Differences between groups were examined using multivariate linear regression analyses.

Results:
A total of 118 participants (52% female) were included: 60 mild, 29 moderate, and 29 severe. All social role domains were rated as important by all participants except for education and employment. Women (P<0.01), those with a partner (P<0.01), and those who were less depressed (P=0.03) reported higher scores of perceived importance of participating in social activities. Compared with those with mild glaucoma, individuals with severe glaucoma reported significantly more difficulty participating in community/religious/cultural events (P<0.01), travelling (P<0.01), and relationships with family members (P=0.01). They also reported less satisfaction with travelling (P=0.01) and social events (P=0.04).

Conclusions:
Participation in diverse social roles is valued by individuals with glaucoma. Severe visual field loss impedes involvement in and satisfaction with activities in community/religious/cultural events, travelling, and relationships with family members. Appropriate community and targeted interventions are needed to allow people with severe glaucoma to maintain active social participation—a key component to successful aging.
Postharvest technology for advancing sustainable bioenergy production for food processing
Authors: Chimphango Annie F.A. , Görgens Johann F. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– Agricultural food residues (agro-residues) receive low economic returns and experience disposal problems. The food production and processing is often not configured to supply agro-residues for production of bioenergy needed in food processing. The feasibility of utilising agro-residues through advances in postharvest technology for sustainable bioenergy conversion is reviewed. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approach– Agro-residues from maize, sugarcane and potatoes in five African countries were assessed from secondary data to identify suitable conversion technologies, energy products and configurations of bioenergy plants for applications in postharvest food processing.Findings– Strategic alignment of postharvest technology to bioenergy production systems is vital to advancing both food production and bioenergy that benefit rural communities in Africa. High economic returns are possible when the bioenergy plants are either annexure to existing agro-processing operations or operate as a biorefinery.Research limitations/implications– Assessment of energy self-sufficiency of food production and processing systems is required.Practical implications– Agro-residues for bioenergy production require investments in infrastructure for storage, transportation and processing of the residues, and development of new risk management techniques.Social implications– The rural communities will be energy secure resulting in food security through reduced postharvest losses and increased agricultural productivity.Originality/value– The study stimulates innovative thinking in establishing sustainable bioenergy systems for food processes.