bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between care dependency and behavioral symptoms among elderly in-patients with Alzheimer’s disease in Japan and the Netherlands
Authors: Dijkstra Ate , Suzuki Mizue , Kazimier Hetty , Fujiwara Miyuki , Saegusa Tomohiro 
Published: June 2015

Objective: This study investigates the influence of personal characteristics and health-related variables on the care dependency status among elderly in-patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease in two countries. Methods: A descriptive cross-cultural survey was administered to a convenience sample of 137 elderly in-patients. Patients were recruited from a hospital in Japan (N = 77) and from a nursing home in the Netherlands (N = 60). Results: In both countries, almost all participants are assessed on the severity level of care dependency in the range of “completely care dependent” (Japan: 35.1%; the Netherlands: 20.0%), or “to a great extent care dependent” (Japan: 24.7%; the Netherlands: 45.0%), to “partially care dependent” (Japan: 22.1%; the Netherlands: 21.7%). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that there is no interdependence between the severity level of care dependency and personal characteristics of patients with Alzheimer’s disease in both countries. Regarding the interplay of health-related variables on the severity level of care dependency, a difference was found between countries.
Whole-genome sequencing reveals oncogenic mutations in mycosis fungoides
Authors: McGirt Laura Y. , Jia Peilin , Baerenwald Devin A. , Duszynski Robert J. , Dahlman Kimberly B. , Zic John A. , Zwerner Jeffrey P. , Hucks Donald , Dave Utpal , Zhao Zhongming , Eischen Christine M. 
Published: June 2015

Key PointsHigh-throughput sequencing of MF revealed multiple mutations within epigenetic and cytokine pathways that may drive disease. Pharmacologically targeting the JAK3 pathway in MF results in cell death and may be an effective treatment of this disease.
Self‐reported adverse reactions and IgE sensitization to common foods in adults with asthma
Authors: Rentzos G. , Johanson L. , Sjölander S. , Telemo E. , Ekerljung L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is very few data available on the prevalence of food hypersensitivity among adults with asthma. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of self‐reported adverse reactions and IgE sensitization to the different foods and to determine the spectrum and the prevalence of food‐related gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with and with no asthma.MethodsA cross sectional study based on interviews and questionnaire responses from 1527 subjects, aged 18–75 years of age, from Västra Götaland in Sweden, as part of the larger West Sweden Asthma Study. IgE analyses were performed in sera from all subjects.ResultsFifty three percent of adults with asthma reported adverse reactions to foods compared to 30 % of non‐asthmatics. Most asthmatics reported symptoms from eating hazelnut, followed by other nuts, birch‐related foods, milk, peanut and shellfish. Furthermore, adults with asthma experienced significantly more often gastrointestinal symptoms from hazelnut, apple and milk and were found to significantly more often be sensitized to the most common foods compared to the non‐asthmatic subjects. The asthmatics showed a significant correlation between IgE to both hazelnut and birch and self‐reported symptoms after ingestion of hazelnut and to a lesser extent to almonds.ConclusionsThe prevalence of self‐reported adverse reactions and sensitization to the most common foods was much higher among the asthmatic subjects. Hazelnut was the food that asthmatics most frequently experienced adverse reactions from, and the strong correlation between IgE to hazelnut and birch indicate that the observed adverse reactions are partly due to sensitization to allergens from the PR‐10 family.
Implementing an augmented reality-enabled wayfinding system through studying user experience and requirements in complex environments
Authors: Kim Mi Jeong , Wang Xiangyu , Han Sooyeon , Wang Ying 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Background
Wayfinding is an exceedingly complicated cognitive process, especially in complex environments such as hospitals, shopping centers and airports. Inhabitants of such large environments can become lost very easily if they are unfamiliar with the environment. Although they may eventually be able to discover the route to a specific destination, interacting with conventional wayfinding aids, such as consulting a map, understanding signs, and asking people for directions, can be very time-consuming.

Methods
The research presented in this paper developed a customized instrument (questionnaire) with factors identified as influencing the cognitive process of wayfinding, and conducted an explorative study to investigate user experience and requirements of wayfinding in complex environments; in this paper, a hospital was chosen as the context.

Results
The results demonstrate that current wayfinding aids are insufficient to support a person's natural navigational behaviors in the environment. Augmented Reality (AR), which is an innovative concept of enabling digital information to be superimposed onto a real view in real time and context, has great potential to supplement current wayfinding aids. Therefore, we also conceived, developed and implemented an AR-based wayfinding system based on the user requirements identified by the aforementioned instrument.

Conclusion
The AR-based wayfinding system was partially validated through case studies, which concluded that AR significantly reduced the time and cognition workload of human wayfinding behaviors.
Thermal variation, thermal extremes and the physiological performance of individuals
Authors: Dowd W. Wesley , King Felicia A. , Denny Mark W. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn this review we consider how small-scale temporal and spatial variation in body temperature, and biochemical/physiological variation among individuals, affect the prediction of organisms' performance in nature. For ‘normal’ body temperatures – benign temperatures near the species' mean – thermal biology traditionally uses performance curves to describe how physiological capabilities vary with temperature. However, these curves, which are typically measured under static laboratory conditions, can yield incomplete or inaccurate predictions of how organisms respond to natural patterns of temperature variation. For example, scale transition theory predicts that, in a variable environment, peak average performance is lower and occurs at a lower mean temperature than the peak of statically measured performance. We also demonstrate that temporal variation in performance is minimized near this new ‘optimal’ temperature. These factors add complexity to predictions of the consequences of climate change. We then move beyond the performance curve approach to consider the effects of rare, extreme temperatures. A statistical procedure (the environmental bootstrap) allows for long-term simulations that capture the temporal pattern of extremes (a Poisson interval distribution), which is characterized by clusters of events interspersed with long intervals of benign conditions. The bootstrap can be combined with biophysical models to incorporate temporal, spatial and physiological variation into evolutionary models of thermal tolerance. We conclude with several challenges that must be overcome to more fully develop our understanding of thermal performance in the context of a changing climate by explicitly considering different forms of small-scale variation. These challenges highlight the need to empirically and rigorously test existing theories.
Proteomic responses to environmentally induced oxidative stress
Authors: Tomanek Lars 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Environmental (acute and chronic temperature, osmotic, hypoxic and pH) stress challenges the cellular redox balance and can lead to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review provides an overview of the reactions producing and scavenging ROS in the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and peroxisome. It then compares these reactions with the findings of a number of studies investigating the proteomic responses of marine organisms to environmentally induced oxidative stress. These responses indicate that the thioredoxin–peroxiredoxin system is possibly more frequently recruited to scavenge H2O2 than the glutathione system. Isoforms of superoxide dismutase (SOD) are not ubiquitously induced in parallel, suggesting that SOD scavenging activity is sometimes sufficient. The glutathione system plays an important role in some organisms and probably also contributes to protecting protein thiols during environmental stress. Synthesis pathways of cysteine and selenocysteine, building blocks for glutathione and glutathione peroxidase, also play an important role in scavenging ROS during stress. The increased abundance of glutaredoxin and DyP-type peroxidase suggests a need for regulating the deglutathionylation of proteins and scavenging of peroxynitrite. Reducing equivalents for these scavenging reactions are generated by proteins of the pentose phosphate pathway and by NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, proteins representing reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport system generating NADH and ROS, including those of complex I, II and III, are frequently reduced in abundance with stress. Protein maturation in the ER likely represents another source of ROS during environmental stress, as indicated by simultaneous changes in ER chaperones and antioxidant proteins. Although there are still too few proteomic analyses of non-model organisms exposed to environmental stress for a general pattern to emerge, hyposaline and low pH stress show different responses from temperature and hypoxic stress. Furthermore, comparisons of closely related congeners differing in stress tolerance start to provide insights into biochemical processes contributing to adaptive differences, but more of these comparisons are needed to draw general conclusions. To fully take advantage of a systems approach, studies with longer time courses, including several tissues and more species comparisons are needed.
The effects of temperature on aerobic metabolism: towards a mechanistic understanding of the responses of ectotherms to a changing environment
Authors: Schulte Patricia M. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBecause of its profound effects on the rates of biological processes such as aerobic metabolism, environmental temperature plays an important role in shaping the distribution and abundance of species. As temperature increases, the rate of metabolism increases and then rapidly declines at higher temperatures – a response that can be described using a thermal performance curve (TPC). Although the shape of the TPC for aerobic metabolism is often attributed to the competing effects of thermodynamics, which can be described using the Arrhenius equation, and the effects of temperature on protein stability, this account represents an over-simplification of the factors acting even at the level of single proteins. In addition, it cannot adequately account for the effects of temperature on complex multistep processes, such as aerobic metabolism, that rely on mechanisms acting across multiple levels of biological organization. The purpose of this review is to explore our current understanding of the factors that shape the TPC for aerobic metabolism in response to acute changes in temperature, and to highlight areas where this understanding is weak or insufficient. Developing a more strongly grounded mechanistic model to account for the shape of the TPC for aerobic metabolism is crucial because these TPCs are the foundation of several recent attempts to predict the responses of species to climate change, including the metabolic theory of ecology and the hypothesis of oxygen and capacity-limited thermal tolerance.
Immune defence in the lymphatic system of the skin
Authors: Schmolke K. 
Published: June 2015

ZusammenfassungAls Grenzorgan zwischen Außen und Innen ist die Haut prädestiniert für häufigen und intensiven Kontakt mit Pathogenen und ist daher immunologisch besonders gerüstet. Das Immunsystem schützt die Integrität des Organismus mit angeborenen Komponenten wie der physikalisch-chemischen Barrierefunktion der Haut, den Phagozytosezellen und dem Komplementsystem. Das Netzwerk der Langerhans-Dendriten in der Epidermis ermöglicht sofortiges Aufspüren und zügigen Transport von Antigenmaterial in den regionären Lymphknoten und Auslösung einer spezifischen Immunantwort durch T- und B-Zellen. Für immunologische Vorgänge ist die Passage durch die Lymphbahnen entscheidend, da Zellen und Lymphbahnen vielfältig wechselwirken. Einerseits werden durch die Interaktion von dendritischen Rezeptoren mit antigenen Strukturen intrazelluläre Signale getriggert, die die Wanderung durch die Lymphbahn zum Lymphknoten über Chemokine und Chemokinrezeptoren ermöglichen. Die Langerhans-Dendriten andererseits verändern sich auch selbst phänotypisch während der Wanderung durch die Lymphbahnen: sie verlieren die Phagozytosefähigkeit zugunsten der verstärkten Synthese von MHC-Molekülen und werden zu antigen-präsentierenden Zellen.
Regularity results for solutions to the c-Plateau problem with free boundary having small singular set, and generally in codimension zero
Authors: Rosales Leobardo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe prove two results for the c-Plateau problem, introduced in [17], which is a minimization problem for integer rectifiable currents. First, we prove there is no solution to the c-Plateau problem with free boundary having singular set of finite Hausdorff codimension two measure and with regular part having constant mean curvature. Second, we prove regularity up to Hausdorff codimension seven of the free boundary of top-dimensional solutions to the c-Plateau problem.
Using you to get to me: Addressee perspective and speaker stance in Duna evidential marking
Authors: Roque Lila San 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Languages have complex and varied means for representing points of view, including constructions that can express multiple perspectives on the same event. This paper presents data on two evidential constructions in the language Duna (Papua New Guinea) that imply features of both speaker and addressee knowledge simultaneously. I discuss how talking about an addressee’s knowledge can occur in contexts of both coercion and co-operation, and, while apparently empathetic, can provide a covert way to both manipulate the addressee’s attention and express speaker stance. I speculate that ultimately, however, these multiple perspective constructions may play a pro-social role in building or repairing the interlocutors’ common ground.
(Inter)subjectivity in interaction: Investigating (inter)subjective meanings in Yurakaré conversational data
Authors: Gipper Sonja 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates the interactional uses of the two Yurakaré (isolate, central Bolivia) epistemic modal markers and =ya‘intersubjective’ and =laba‘subjective’. While subjective =labaindicates a personal epistemic judgment of the speaker, intersubjective =yaconveys that the speaker expects the addressee to share the expressed epistemic judgment. The distributions of the two markers in interaction are argued to reflect their (inter)subjective meaning components. This demonstrates that conversational data provide important clues for investigating (inter)subjective meanings in language.
Hospital admission for diabetic ketoacidosis or severe hypoglycemia in 31 330 young patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Karges Beate , Rosenbauer Joachim , Holterhus Paul-Martin , Beyer Peter , Seithe Horst , Vogel Christian , Böckmann Andreas , Peters Dirk , Müther Silvia , Neu Andreas , Holl Reinhard W , _ _ 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate rates and risk factors of hospital admission for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or severe hypoglycemia in young patients with established type 1 diabetes.DesignIn total, 31 330 patients with type 1 diabetes (median age 12.7 years) from the Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV) Prospective Diabetes Registry treated between 2011 and 2013 in Germany were included.MethodsAdmission rates for DKA (pH <7.3 or bicarbonate <15 mmol/l) and severe hypoglycemia (requiring assistance from another person) were calculated by negative binomial regression analysis. Associations of DKA or hypoglycemia with patient and treatment characteristics were assessed by multivariable regression analysis.ResultsThe mean admission rate for DKA was 4.81/100 patient-years (95% CI, 4.51–5.14). The highest DKA rates were observed in patients with HbA1c ≥9.0% (15.83 (14.44–17.36)), age 15–20 years (6.21 (5.61–6.88)) and diabetes duration of 2–4.9 years (5.60 (5.00–6.27)). DKA rate was higher in girls than in boys (5.35 (4.88–5.86) vs 4.34 (3.95–4.77), P=0.002), and more frequent in migrants than in non-migrants (5.65 (4.92–6.49) vs 4.57 (4.23–4.93), P=0.008). The mean admission rate for severe hypoglycemia was 1.45/100 patient-years (1.30–1.61). Rates were higher in migrants compared to non-migrants (2.13 (1.72–2.65) vs 1.28 (1.12–1.47), P<0.001), and highest in individuals with severe hypoglycemia within the preceding year (17.69 (15.63–20.03) vs patients without preceding hypoglycemia 0.42 (0.35–0.52), P<0.001). Differences remained significant after multivariable adjustment.ConclusionsThe identification of at-risk individuals for DKA (patients with high HbA1c, longer diabetes duration, adolescents, girls) and for severe hypoglycemia (patients with preceding severe hypoglycemia, migrants) may facilitate targeted diabetes counselling in order to prevent these complications.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Growth Coordination DuringDrosophila melanogasterImaginal Disc Regeneration
Authors: Jaszczak Jacob S , Wolpe Jacob B , Dao Anh Q , Halme Adrian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMechanisms that coordinate growth during development are essential for producing animals with proper organ proportion. Here we describe a pathway through which tissues communicate to coordinate growth. During Drosophila melanogaster larval development, damage to imaginal discs activates a regeneration checkpoint through expression of Dilp8. This both produces a delay in developmental timing and slows the growth of undamaged tissues, coordinating regeneration of the damaged tissue with developmental progression and overall growth. Here we demonstrate that Dilp8-dependent growth coordination between regenerating and undamaged tissues, but not developmental delay, requires the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the prothoracic gland. NOS limits the growth of undamaged tissues by reducing ecdysone biosynthesis, a requirement for imaginal disc growth during both the regenerative checkpoint and normal development. Therefore, NOS activity in the prothoracic gland coordinates tissue growth through regulation of endocrine signals.
Variables fisiológicas-metabólicas de estrés calórico en vacas bajo silvopastoreo y pradera sin árboles.
Authors: Berragán-Hernández Wilson Andrés , Mahecha-Ledesma Liliana , Cajas-Jirón Yasmin Socorro 
Published: June 2015

<p>El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo valorar cambios en parámetros fisiológicos y metabólicos como indicadores de estrés calórico de vacas bajo pastoreo. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el Centro de Investigación Corpoica Turipaná, Región Caribe, Cereté, Colombia, durante los años 2011-2012. Se determinó la temperatura ambiental (T) y la humedad relativa (H), y en los animales: temperatura rectal (TR), temperatura de piel (TP), frecuencia respiratoria (FR) y el estatus ácido-básico. Las variables fueron medidas en la mañana (6:00 h) y tarde (13:00 h). Se encontró efecto del tratamiento en la temperatura ambiental con 7 y 6% menos temperatura en p-Arbus-Arbor y p-Arbor, respectivamente, comparados con el tratamiento Pasto. Hubo efecto de la hora (p&lt;0,05) en T y H e interacción tratamiento x hora en la T (p&lt;0,05). Las variables TP y FR registraron efecto (p&lt;0.05) del tratamiento, hora e interacción tratamiento x hora (6:00/13:00 h). Se mostró un efecto positivo del sombrío proveniente de árboles en el sistema sobre las variables fisiológicas. Los efectos negativos observados en tratamientos sin sombrío de árboles repercutieron de forma mínima en alteraciones metabólicas, evidenciando respuestas homeostáticas en el animal ante las condiciones ambientales estresantes evaluadas.</p>
Novel Plasmonic Nanometal - Rare-Earth Ions co-doped Antimony Glasses for Nanophotonic Applications
Authors: Som Tirtha , Karmakar Basudeb 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTGlasses are recognized as the ideal hosts to incorporate plasmonic metal nanoparticles (NPs), semiconductor NPs, and luminescent rare-earth (RE3+) ions. This is due to their unique optical properties, stability, absence of high energy bond vibrations and inertness towards the incorporated NPs. However, conventional methods of metal-glass nanocomposite fabrication involve ion-implantation or sputtering and subsequent heat-treatment under H2, UV-light/X-ray/γ- or laser irradiation. They are (i) multi-step, (ii) require expensive set-up, (iii) bear risk of sample damage and (iv) the formation of NPs occurs only in surface layers. Here we develop two novel glass-systems K2O-B2O3-Sb2O3 and K2O-B2O3-Sb2O3-ZnO. Using the selective reducing property of the main component Sb2O3 in these hosts, here we demonstrate for the first time the strategy for single-step in-situ fabrication of metal (M0) NPs and RE3+ ions co-embedded within bulk glasses. This new series of novel composites co-embedding metal NPs (elliptical Au, elongated Ag NPs and Aucore-AuAgshell NPs) and RE3+ ions exhibit enhanced upconversion for solar panels, advanced displays and other nanophotonic applications. Metal NPs exhibit surface plasmons resonance results in concentration and enhancement of the local electromagnetic field (LFE) around them. The luminescent RE3+ ion in the vicinity experiences the local field effect. We observe that the LFE effect is stronger on electric dipole transitions of the RE3+ than the magnetic dipole ones. LFE induced by nano Au enhance the (i) 4G7/2 → 4I9/2 540 nm green and 4G7/2 → 4I15/2 650 nm red upconversion emissions of Nd3+ by 9 and 11 fold, (ii) electric dipole 4G5/2 → 6H9/2 636 nm red upconversion of Sm3+ by about 7 fold and (ii) 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 536 nm green and 4F9/2 →4I15/2 645 nm red emissions of Er3+ by 2 and 5 fold respectively. LFE induced by nano Ag enhance both the green and red upconversion emission of Er3+ by 8 fold. The Aucore-AuAgshell NPs enhance the red upconversion of Sm3+ only by 2 fold due to smaller LFE effect of bimetallic NPs. All the Au-doped antimony glasses are dichroic. They transmit the blue light and reflect the brown light, which make them very interesting material comparable to the historic Lycurgus Cup.
Synthesis and Nanostructure Control of CIGS Nanoparticles by Solvothermal Route
Authors: Zhang Liangmin , Dong Lifeng 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTDue to the potential applications to high-efficiency and light-weight solar cells, the growth of CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) nanoparticles is a recent research focus. We have developed a relatively simple solvothermal route to grow high quality CIGS nanoparticles in an autoclave under different temperatures (170 – 280°C). The effect of reaction temperature on the shape of CIGS nanoparticles has been investigated. At lower temperatures, the CIGS particles show plate-like shape. Whereas at higher temperatures, most of them exhibit rod-like feature. The nanoparticle products have been also characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques.