bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skrining Fitokimia dan uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.) dengan Metode ABTS
Authors: Damayanti Riska , Tahirah Hasan  
Published: August 2024

ABSTRAK
Bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) diidentifikasi memiliki kandungan senyawa metaboilt sekunder yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa dan mentukan nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) dengan metode ABTS. Simplisia bawang putih di ekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% lalu dilanjutkan skrining fitokimia menggunakan berbagai pereaksi yang spesifik dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode ABTS. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol bawang putih mengandung golongan senyawa alkaloid, terpenoid, flavonoid dan saponin. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan terhadap radikal ABTS menggunakan spektrofotometer visibel pada panjang gelombang 740 nm. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol bawang putih memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 187,682 ± 0.06670 µg/mL. Kemampuan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) yaitu 0,0129 kali dari aktivitas antioksidan asam askorbat IC50 sebesar 2,427 ± 0,01014 µg/mL

Kata Kunci: ABTS, Antioksidan; Asam Askorbat; Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.); Skrining Fitokimia

ABSTRACT
Research has shown that secondary metabolic products found in garlic (Allium sativum L.) have potential use as antioxidants. This study uses the ABTS technique to identify the class of chemicals and calculate the IC50 value of an ethanol extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.). After macerating the garlic simplicia in 96% ethanol, the phytochemicals were screened using a variety of specialized reagents, and the antioxidant activity was assessed using the ABTS technique. Garlic ethanol extract includes alkaloid, terpenoid, flavonoid, and saponin components, according to the results of phytochemical screening. ABTS radicals were tested for antioxidant activity using a visible spectrophotometer set to 740 nm. The study findings indicate that the ethanol extract of garlic contains 187.682 ± 0.06670 µg/mL of antioxidant activity. The action of antioxidants

Keywords: ABTS, Antioxidant; Ascorbic Acid; Garlic (Allium sativum L.); Phytochemical Screening
The Role of E-Commerce in Improving the Economic Walfare of Society in the Digital Age
Authors: Sri Astuti  , Nova Ayu Maharany  , Ahmad Raihan Wildan  , Ammar Firmansyah  
Published: August 2024

Indonesia as one of the developing countries that Pancasila economic system must utilize new digital technologies to improve its economy, improve its economiy. This research aims to understand the role of e-commerce in improving people’s walfare in the digital era. It explores how the digital economy has impacted the growth of online commerce businesses in Indonesia over the past five years and examines the digital strategies adopted by e-commerce companies to improve operational efficiency and customer service. Operational efficiency and customer service. The study highlights the contribution of leading platforms such as Shopee and Tokopedia, which are use advanced digital marketing tehcniques, user-friendly interfaces and strong security measures to build trust, and strong security measures to build consumer trust and increase engagement. Financial technology (fintech) also plays an important role in supporting e-commerce by enabling transaction role in supporting e-commerce by enabling secure transactions, efficient transactions, and expanding access to financial services. In summary, the growth of combined internet usage, e-commerce, and fintech in Indonesia highlights the country’s significant strides in developing a dynamic digital economy. The country’s significant strides in developing a vibrant digital economy. These advancement are diving economic growth, enhancing financial inclusion, and transform the shopping experience, thereby improving the overall economic well-being of society as a whole in the digital age
Pengaruh Komite Audit, Konservatisme Akuntansi, dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Kualitas Audit
Authors: Syafira Setianah Putri  , Martini Martini  
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the influence of the Audit Committee, Accounting Conservatism, and Profitability on Audit Quality. The sample selection technique in this study uses purposive sampling and was obtained from 48 Food and Beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2023 period. The data analysis used in this study is logistic regression analysis using SPSS version 26 software. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Audit Committee has a negative and significant effect on Audit Quality, while Accounting Conservatism and Profitability have no effect on Audit Quality.
APLIKASI EKSTRAK PUPA BLACK SOLDIER FLY (BSF) SEBAGAI SUMBER PRODUKSI KITIN
Authors: Nury Dennis Farina , Adelia Putri Jesika , Ningrum Khofifah Anggitiya , Luthfi Muhammad Zulfikar 
Published: August 2024

Kitin merupakan polimer karbohidrat alami kedua yang paling melimpah setelah selulosa serta dianggap sebagai sumber biologis bahan bakar nabati dan senyawa fungsional bernilai tambah tinggi lainnya yang dapat menggantikan sumber energi kimia. Teknologi pembiakan massal Black Soldier Fly (BSF) menjadi semakin populer di seluruh dunia. Karena kemampuannya untuk mengubah limbah organik menjadi biomassa larva dengan cepat, BSF telah menjadi salah satu sumber potensi untuk produksi kitin. Kitin dari pupa BSF dapat diekstraksi dengan proses kimia sederhana menggunakan tahapan demineralisasi, deproteinasi dan penghilangan pigmen. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 variasi pelarut (asam dan basa) pada tahapan deproteinasi dan demineralisasi. Variasi 1 dihasilkan rendemen kitin sebesar 19.87 % dengan deproteinasi menggunakan 3 M NaOH 5% (v/v) selama 6 jam dan demineralisasi menggunakan 1 M HCl 1% (v/v) selama 1 jam. Variasi 2 dihasilkan rendemen kitin sebesar 10.62% dengan deproteinasi menggunakan HCl 2 M 1% (v/v) selama 6 jam dan demineralisasi menggunakan 2 M NaOH 5% (v/v) selama 36 jam. Pada tahapan penghilangan pigmen, sampel dari deproteinasi direndam dalam larutan KMnO4 1% selama 1 jam dan kelebihan KMnO4 dihilangkan dengan K2C2O4 4%. Karakterisasi kitin menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan sampel pupa BSF adalah bentuk α dengan perolehan amida yaitu sebesar 3399 cm-1, dan ikatan antara NH dan gugus karbonil 1573 cm-1. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa BSF menjadi potensi sumber kitin di masa mendatang.
PROFIL PENGGUNAAN ALAT KB PADA PASANGAN USIA SUBUR DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KAMANG TAHUN 2022
Authors: Citra Mulyati  
Published: August 2024

Angka pertumbuhan penduduk setiap tahun terus meningkat,dari tahun 2020 jumlah penduduk sebesar 271.066.366 jiwa meningkat pada tahun 2021 sebesar 273.879.750 jiwa, upaya pemerintah dalam pengendalian jumlah penduduk yaitu dengan cara menurunkan jumlah kelahiran melalui program keluarga berencana. Di Puskesmas Kamang KB aktif pada tahun 2021 mencapai 2.728 dari 4.534 jumlah PUS. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil akseptor KB di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kamang tahun 2022. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret – April 2023 yaitu dengan menggunakan desain Deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh akseptor KB di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kamang sebanyak 2728 orang dan penentuan jumlah sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin diperoleh sebanyak 348 orang dengan teknik Insidental sampling. Analisa data yaitu analisa univariat. Hasil penelitian diperoleh gambaran profil akseptor KB di wilayah kerja puskesmas 56% berada pada usia reproduktif , 76,7% berada pada paritas Multipara,81,89 % responden tidak bekerja,74,13% berada pada sosial ekonomi tinggi, 71,8% menggunakan kontrasepsi suntik, 7,5% menggunakan kontrasepsi Pil, 8,6%menggunakan kondom, 0,57% menggunakan IUD, 7,18% menggunakan implant, 4,3% dan kontrasepsi MOW. (75,9%) tidak mengalami efek samping dan 30,46% mengalami efek samping, dan (99,4%) mendapat dukungan dari suami. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah faktor usia, paritas, pekerjaan,sosial ekonomi,efek samping,dan dukungan suami tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pemilihan alat kontrasepsi. Disarankan agar dapat menambah wawasan ibu seputar KB sehingga makin meningkatkan motivasi dan minat ibu dalam menggunakan KB.
A short stature allele enhances tolerance to zinc deficiency and translocation of zinc in barley
Authors: Saygili Ibrahim 
Published: August 2024

Background
Zinc (Zn) content is of great importance in healthy human diet, crop productivity and stress tolerance in soils with zinc deficiency. The genes used to increase yield per unit area such as semi-dwarf 1 (sdw1) is commonly considered to reduce mineral content of grain.

Methods
In the present study, influence of sdw1.d, a widely used allele for short plant height in barley breeding, on zinc accumulation and tolerance to zinc deficiency were investigated. A near isogenic line of sdw1.d allele, its recurrent parent Tokak 157/37 and donor parent Triumph were grown in zinc-deficient and-sufficient hydroponic cultures. Two experiments were conducted until heading stage and physiological maturity.

Results
In zinc-deficient conditions, sdw1.d allele increased shoot dry weight by 112.4 mg plant−1, shoot Zn concentration by 0.9 ppm, but decreased root Zn concentration by 6.6 ppm. It did not affect grain characteristics, but increased grain Zn content. In zinc-sufficient conditions, sdw1.d allele increased shoot Zn content, and decreased root Zn content. sdw1.d did not affect grain weight but increased grain Zn concentration by about 30% under zinc-sufficient conditions. The results showed that sdw1.d allele has no negative effect on tolerance to zinc deficiency, and even promotes tolerance to zinc deficiency by more Zn translocation. It was revealed that sdw1.d allele improves Zn accumulation under both zinc-deficient and zinc-sufficient condition. The sdw1.d allele could contribute to solving the problems in plant growth and development caused by zinc-deficiency via improving tolerance to zinc-deficiency. It could also provide a better Zn biofortification.
Crust and upper mantle structure associated with extension in the Woodlark Rift, Papua New Guinea from Rayleigh‐wave tomography
Authors: Jin Ge , Gaherty James B. , Abers Geoffery A. , Kim Younghee , Eilon Zachary , Buck W. Roger 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Woodlark seafloor spreading center is propagating westward into the Australian plate near the D'Entrecasteaux Islands (DI), Papua New Guinea, generating an active transition zone from continental rifting to seafloor spreading. From March 2010 to July 2011, we deployed 31 on‐shore and 8 offshore broadband seismic stations around the DI region, to explore the dynamic processes of the lithosphere extension and the exhumation of the high‐pressure terranes exposed on those islands. We measure the multiband (10–60 s) Rayleigh‐wave phase velocities from both ambient noise and earthquake signals. These measurements are then inverted for a three‐dimensional shear‐velocity model for the crust and upper mantle. The results indicate that the lithosphere extension is localized near the rift axis beneath the DI, with a shear‐velocity structure in the upper mantle that is similar to mid‐ocean ridges. Beneath the Kiribisi Basin west of DI, an ultraslow shear‐velocity anomaly (∼4.0 km/s) is observed at shallow mantle depth (30–60 km), which can be interpreted either by the presence of excess partial melt due to slow melt extraction, or by the existence of felsic crustal material buried to mantle depth and not yet exhumed.
Chromium isotope signature during continental crust subduction recorded in metamorphic rocks
Authors: Shen Ji , Liu Jia , Qin Liping , Wang Shui‐Jiong , Li Shuguang , Xia Jiuxing , Ke Shan , Yang Jingsui 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe chromium isotope compositions of 27 metamorphic mafic rocks with varying metamorphic degrees from eastern China were systematically measured to investigate the Cr isotope behavior during continental crust subduction. The Cr isotope compositions of all samples studied were Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE) like, with δ53CrNIST979 of greenschists, amphibolites, and eclogites ranging from −0.06‰ to −0.17‰, −0.05‰ to −0.27‰, and −0.01‰ to −0.24‰, respectively. The lack of resolvable isotopic variability among the metamorphic rocks from different metamorphic zones indicated that no systematic Cr isotope fractionation was associated with the degree of metamorphism. However, the Cr isotopic variability among homologous samples may have reflected effects induced by metamorphic dehydration with a change of redox state, rather than protolith heterogeneity (i.e., magma differentiation). In addition, the differences in δ53Cr (Δ53CrCpx‐Gt) between coexisting clinopyroxene (Cpx) and garnet (Gt) from two garnet pyroxenites were 0.06‰ and 0.34‰, respectively, indicating that significant inter‐mineral Cr isotope disequilibria could occur during metamorphism. To provide a basis for comparison with metamorphic rocks and to provide further constraints on the potential Cr isotope heterogeneity in the mantle and in the protolith of some metamorphic rocks, we analyzed mantle‐derived chromites and the associated peridotites from Luobusa, and we obtained the following general order: chromite‐free peridotites (−0.21‰ to −0.11‰) < chromite‐bearing peridotite (−0.07‰) < chromite (−0.06‰). These findings imply potential mantle heterogeneity as a result of partial melting or fractional crystallization associated with chromite.
Overriding plate deformation and variability of fore‐arc deformation during subduction: Insight from geodynamic models and application to the Calabria subduction zone
Authors: Chen Zhihao , Schellart Wouter P. , Duarte João C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn nature, subducting slabs and overriding plate segments bordering subduction zones are generally embedded within larger plates. Such large plates can impose far‐field boundary conditions that influence the style of subduction and overriding plate deformation. Here we present dynamic laboratory models of progressive subduction in three‐dimensional space, in which the far‐field boundary conditions at the trailing edges of the subducting plate (SP) and overriding plate (OP) are varied. Four configurations are presented: Free (both plates free), SP‐Fixed, OP‐Fixed, and SP‐OP‐Fixed. We investigate their impact on the kinematics and dynamics of subduction, particularly focusing on overriding plate deformation. The results indicate that the variation in far‐field boundary conditions has an influence on the slab geometry, subduction partitioning, and trench migration partitioning. Our models also indicate that in natural (narrow) subduction zones, assuming a homogeneous overriding plate, the formation of back‐arc basins (e.g., Tyrrhenian Sea, Aegean Sea, and Scotia Sea) is generally expected to occur at a comparable location (250–700 km from the trench), irrespective of the boundary condition. In addition, our models indicate that the style of fore‐arc deformation (shortening or extension) is influenced by the mobility of the overriding plate through controlling the force normal to the subduction zone interface (trench suction). Our geodynamic model that uses the SP‐OP‐Fixed setup is comparable to the Calabria subduction zone with respect to subduction kinematics, slab geometry, trench curvature, and accretionary configuration. Furthermore, the model can explain back‐arc and fore‐arc extension at the Calabria subduction zone since the latest middle Miocene as a consequence of subduction of the narrow Calabrian slab and the immobility of the subducting African plate and overriding Eurasian plate. This setting induced strong trench suction, driving fore‐arc extension, and forced subduction to be accommodated almost entirely by slab rollback (not trenchward subducting plate motion), while trench retreat was accommodated almost entirely by back‐arc and fore‐arc extension (not trenchward overriding plate motion), comparable to our SP‐OP‐Fixed model.
Playing jigsaw with Large Igneous Provinces—A plate tectonic reconstruction of Ontong Java Nui, West Pacific
Authors: Hochmuth Katharina , Gohl Karsten , Uenzelmann‐Neben Gabriele 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe three largest Large Igneous Provinces (LIP) of the western Pacific—Ontong Java, Manihiki, and Hikurangi Plateaus—were emplaced during the Cretaceous Normal Superchron and show strong similarities in their geochemistry and petrology. The plate tectonic relationship between those LIPs, herein referred to as Ontong Java Nui, is uncertain, but a joined emplacement was proposed by Taylor (2006). Since this hypothesis is still highly debated and struggles to explain features such as the strong differences in crustal thickness between the different plateaus, we revisited the joined emplacement of Ontong Java Nui in light of new data from the Manihiki Plateau. By evaluating seismic refraction/wide‐angle reflection data along with seismic reflection records of the margins of the proposed “Super”‐LIP, a detailed scenario for the emplacement and the initial phase of breakup has been developed. The LIP is a result of an interaction of the arriving plume head with the Phoenix‐Pacific spreading ridge in the Early Cretaceous. The breakup of the LIP shows a complicated interplay between multiple microplates and tectonic forces such as rifting, shearing, and rotation. Our plate kinematic model of the western Pacific incorporates new evidence from the breakup margins of the LIPs, the tectonic fabric of the seafloor, as well as previously published tectonic concepts such as the rotation of the LIPs. The updated rotation poles of the western Pacific allow a detailed plate tectonic reconstruction of the region during the Cretaceous Normal Superchron and highlight the important role of LIPs in the plate tectonic framework.
The efficiency of plate tectonics and nonequilibrium dynamical evolution of planetary mantles
Authors: Moore W. B. , Lenardic A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractConsideration of the structure of dynamical equilibria in terrestrial planets using simplified descriptions of the relevant heat transport processes (rigid‐lid convection, plate tectonics, and heat pipe volcanism) reveals that if the efficiency of plate tectonic heat transport decreases at higher mantle temperature, then it cannot govern quasi‐equilibrium dynamical evolution, and the system is always evolving away from the plate tectonic regime. A planet on which plate tectonics is less efficient at higher temperature stays in heat pipe mode longer, spends less time undergoing plate tectonics, and has a low and ever‐decreasing Urey number during this phase. These conclusions are based solely on the structure of the equilibria in a system with less efficient plate tectonics in the past and are independent of the mechanisms leading to this behavior. Commonly used quasi‐equilibrium approaches to planetary thermal evolution are likely not valid for planets in which heat transport becomes less efficient at higher temperature.
Pn wave geometrical spreading and attenuation in Northeast China and the Korean Peninsula constrained by observations from North Korean nuclear explosions
Authors: Zhao Lian‐Feng , Xie Xiao‐Bi , Tian Bao‐Feng , Chen Qi‐Fu , Hao Tian‐Yao , Yao Zhen‐Xing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe investigate the geometric spreading and attenuation of seismic Pn waves in Northeast China and the Korean Peninsula. A high‐quality broadband Pn wave data set generated by North Korean nuclear tests is used to constrain the parameters of a frequency‐dependent log‐quadratic geometric spreading function and a power law Pn Q model. The geometric spreading function and apparent Pn wave Q are obtained for Northeast China and the Korean Peninsula between 2.0 and 10.0 Hz. Using the two‐station amplitude ratios of the Pn spectra and correcting them with the known spreading function, we remove the contributions of the source and crust from the apparent Pn Q and retrieve the P wave attenuation information along the pure upper mantle path. We then use both Pn amplitudes and amplitude ratios in a tomographic approach to obtain the upper mantle P wave attenuation in the studied area. The Pn wave spectra observed in China are compared with those recorded in Japan, and the result reveals that the high‐frequency Pn signal across the oceanic path attenuated faster compared with those through the continental path.
Inferring fault mechanical conditions from the source parameters of a complex microseismic multiplet in the Corinth rift, Greece
Authors: Dublanchet P. , Godano M. , Bernard P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe develop a mechanical model of tight clusters of coplanar seismic asperities, to investigate a particular microearthquake swarm located at 8 km depth in the Corinth rift in Greece, which was active between 2001 and 2007. Although it is classified as a multiplet based on waveform similarity, this seismic sequence is much more complex than a repeating earthquake sequence and cannot be interpreted as the regular failure of a single asperity forced by surrounding aseismic creep. Here we suggest that such complex sequences could be generated by the failure of a set of coplanar asperities interacting in a small region of a fault segment. We show that in order to reproduce the dynamics of the observed sequence and the characteristics of the events, the cluster of asperities has to be located very close to an aseismically slipping fault segment, which could be an updip extension of the deep detachment zone in the rift, creeping at 1.5 cm/yr. For more general cases of coplanar clustered asperities, we show that the shape of the cumulative coseismic displacement pattern associated with the repeated failures of the asperities is strongly controlled by the behavior of the fault area surrounding the asperity cluster. In particular, if the cluster is part of a locked fault area, the resulting long‐term cumulative displacement is maximum at the center of the cluster. In contrast, an asperity cluster surrounded by aseismic creep leads to a uniform cumulative coseismic slip pattern. The ratio between cumulative slip at the center of the seismogenic patch and cumulative slip at its periphery could therefore be an indicator of the mechanical conditions prevailing on the fault. A systematic study of the source parameters of complex microseismic sequences could therefore provide insights into the mechanical state of active faults continuously generating microseismicity.