bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systems thinking review for solving short‐termism
Authors: Fusso Nicholas 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review proposed methods to reduce corporate short‐termism – a private sector obsession with short‐term profit and a neglect of true long‐term value creation – via a systems thinking analytical framework.Design/methodology/approachThis paper identifies five often cited causes of corporate short‐termism directly affecting managers, including: pressure from Wall Street; ill‐aligned executive compensation; arrested executive capabilities; weak corporate governance; and ill‐aligned regulatory policy. It then compares those issues to generic system archetypes, and evaluates proposed solutions by contrasting them with typical solutions relating to specific archetypes.FindingsThis study suggests a majority of the solutions are well proposed and identifies strong leverage points where managers may intervene. It also finds that several proposed solutions are susceptible to complications, especially those relating to executive compensation, board empowerment, and regulatory structures. It also notes several additional points of leverage not yet fully explored, especially relating to deterring shareholder pressure and executive compensation structures. Finally, it suggests too little attention is being given toward a culture supportive of short‐termism, and argues that emphasizing solutions that engage stakeholders is important for sustained success.Practical implicationsFor managers seeking to reduce corporate short‐termism, this paper suggests several key levers that may be used to intervene within their environment.Originality/valueFew works have tested system‐wide solutions to corporate short‐termism using a system thinking foundation. This original work fills that unmet need.
Practical wisdom: reinventing organizations by rediscovering ourselves
Authors: Hurst David K. 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to present a provocative view of what Peter Drucker would be writing about today in his self‐described role as a social ecologist.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses Drucker's qualitative framework to ask what changes that contravene conventional wisdom have already happened, whether they are relevant and meaningful and what opportunities they present.FindingsThe paper suggest that the concepts of ecological rationality and embodied cognition form the basis for a new framework to challenge the hegemony of the existing concepts of rationality based on frameworks drawn from neoclassical economics.Practical implicationsThe primary implication is that an ecological framework of “both … and” is needed to embrace and contain the “either/or” of economics. This will sweep the liberal and fine arts back into management, render the concept and role of power in organizations discussable and place ethics, prudence and judgement at the centre of the management challenge.Originality/valueThe paper presents a provocative perspective that, if valid, with be extremely disruptive of the current Western management paradigm.
Tracing the lifecycle of Canadian criminal records
Authors: Kilgour Lauren 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it explains the current records management practices for Canadian criminal records. Second, it details the larger social and cultural implications of those practices, toward considering the role records management plays in long‐term sustainable offender rehabilitation outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on a thorough literature review, which considered research on the history of Canadian criminal record management; current records management procedures for Canadian criminal records; and current Canadian social and cultural understandings of offenders, criminal records, and the relationship between criminal record management and public policy.FindingsThis paper finds that Canadian records management procedures for criminal records can have grave impacts on offenders' lives. Specifically, this paper explores how records management practices are shaped by the social norms and values embedded in public policy mandates, which ultimately appear to disrupt, rather than support, offenders' rehabilitation.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper's research is limited by its current approach. Consequently, it encourages researchers to further develop its findings in the future, both domestic to Canada and internationally.Practical implicationsThis paper includes implications that advocate for increased awareness about how public policy dictated records management procedures can limit offenders' ability to reintegrate into society.Social implicationsThis paper addresses the grave social consequences and burdens offenders face when they are unable to seal their previous criminal record.Originality/valueThis paper addresses the need to study how offenders' rehabilitation is affected by the policy dictating the management of their criminal record.
Factors impacting information governance in the mobile device dual‐use context
Authors: Silic Mario , Back Andrea 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal factors that impact information governance within the mobile technology implementation in organizations in the dual‐use context.Design/methodology/approachCase study methodology was used and 15 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with records and information management (RIM) and information security professionals from different types of organizations.FindingsThere are three main findings. First, stakeholder support is critical to drive the change and leverage organizational security culture. Second, records mobility with data security dimension represents the biggest challenge for RIM stakeholders. Third, mobile strategy and security framework are two must‐win areas for a successful mobile implementation.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper does not include any end‐user perspective in interviews and this end‐user context is missing.Practical implicationsAwareness through education and training of employees needs to be given very particular attention in the future mobile implementations. Moreover, management and employee support is the critical component of the effective information security governance framework implementation. Finally, mobile strategy needs undergo a very precise and detailed planning process to ensure the right technology acceptance by users.Originality/valueThe paper closes an existing research gap and provides useful insights to record management professionals and practitioners on factors that impact effective information governance implementation within the mobile dual‐use context.
Instituting a company‐wide strategic conversation at Procter & Gamble
Authors: Lafley A.G. , Martin Roger 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe paper aims to explain how Procter & Gamble's new strategy review meeting structure and new inquiry culture established a new norm for communication between leaders and their teams throughout the organization.Design/methodology/approachThe authors, one a former P&G CEO and the other a long‐time consultant to the firm, describe how the firm instituted a robust process for creating, reviewing and communicating about strategy.FindingsThe P&G process was designed to open a dialog between top management and the leaders of each business to discuss five strategic choices. What is your winning aspiration? Where will you play? How will you win? What capabilities must be in place? What management systems are required?Practical implicationsAt P&G the Objectives, Goals, Strategy, Measures (OGSM) statement for a brand, category, or company was the framework for articulating a clear and explicit expression of where to play and how to win, choices that connected with the aspirations of the business and the measures of success indicated.Originality/valueThe paper explains the learning and communication techniques P&G used to foster an authentic, effective company‐wide dialog about strategy.
Planning Discourse versus Land Discourse: The 2009–12 Reforms in Land‐Use Planning Policy and Land Policy in Israel
Authors: Hananel Ravit 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLand policy and land‐use planning policy are two types of public policy pertaining to space. In general, land‐use planning policy deals with land‐use allocation and property rights, whereas land policy defines the land regime of a society. These differences have shaped a unique discourse for each of these policy types. The purpose of this article is to examine the differences and similarities between the land discourse and the planning discourse by analyzing two public campaigns conducted in Israel against two proposed reforms: the 2009 reform of the Israel Land Administration and the 2010–12 reform of the Planning and Building Law. The findings reveal substantive differences between the two campaigns, manifested in the nature of the leading players, the types of public activities they chose, and most notably in the discourses and the hierarchy of considerations they addressed. The findings raise profound questions regarding universal trends in spatial policy reforms; their influence on the activities of public coalitions and the discourses they adopted; possible future effects of these trends on the differences between the land discourse and the planning discourse; and the impact of these trends on the ability of groups and individuals elsewhere to influence spatial policies (such as planning and land policies).
Government and voluntary policymaking for sustainability in mining towns: A longitudinal analysis of Itabira, Brazil
Authors: Fonseca Alberto , Fitzpatrick Patricia , McAllister Mary Louise 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe socio‐economic fabric of single‐company mining towns needs to be carefully considered by both Government and companies in sustainability policymaking. Policy design and effectiveness in such towns are significantly impacted by the city's economic dependence on a single company. This paper explores the perceived effectiveness of government and voluntary private sector mining policies for pursuing sustainability in the historic mining town of Itabira, Brazil over a period of 20 years. Itabira serves as a worthwhile case study because it allows for an in‐depth and longitudinal analysis that can reveal valuable lessons to policymakers of different sectors and jurisdictions located elsewhere. Based on extensive face‐to‐face interviews and literature reviews, study results indicate that changes to the state environmental licensing policies in the 1990s led to significant socio‐environmental improvements in the area. The globalization of the mining company also contributed to an increase in the quantity and quality of voluntary industry policies. Recent technological improvements in the beneficiation processes of the mining company promises to extend the life of the mine to 2050. Although there are significant incremental socio‐environmental policies and programmes, sustainability remains an elusive vision in Itabira, with no clear objectives or monitoring and accountability mechanisms. The paper concludes by recommending a more formal integrated policymaking framework.
Improving visitor management approaches for the changing preferences and behaviours of country park visitors inHongKong
Authors: Cheung Lewis T.O. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study identified the changing preferences of country park visitors inHongKong and the potential for such changes to have further negative impacts on the ecologically sensitive areas of country parks. A questionnaire was used to collect feedback from 644 country park visitors to understand their preferences and visitation patterns. To investigate visitors’ preferences and behaviours and to develop better visitor management strategies, the survey data were compared with studies conducted 20 years ago. The results showed that the most popular nature‐based activities of 20 years ago, namely, picnicking and barbecuing, have significantly declined in popularity, while other activities, namely, nature studies and nature photography, have surged in popularity in recent years. These changes in visitor preferences have directly increased the negative impacts of visitors on country parks as they dispersed away from the high intensity recreation zones to the ecological sensitive areas. This emerging group of country park visitors has not been fully considered in the existing approach to visitor management and may irreversibly impact the ecological value of country parks. In this study, visitor management inHongKong's country parks was reviewed based on these research findings, and potential improvements were suggested.
Measuring and managing radiologist workload: Application of lean and constraint theories and production planning principles to planning radiology services in a major tertiary hospital
Authors: MacDonald Sharyn LS , Cowan Ian A , Floyd Richard , Mackintosh Stuart , Graham Rob , Jenkins Emma , Hamilton Richard 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroductionWe describe how techniques traditionally used in the manufacturing industry (lean management, the theory of constraints and production planning) can be applied to planning radiology services to reduce the impact of constraints such as limited radiologist hours, and to subsequently reduce delays in accessing imaging and in report turnaround.MethodsTargets for imaging and reporting were set aligned with clinical needs. Capacity was quantified for each modality and for radiologists and recorded in activity lists. Demand was quantified and forecasting commenced based on historical referral rates. To try and mitigate the impact of radiologists as a constraint, lean management processes were applied to radiologist workflows. A production planning process was implemented.ResultsOutpatient waiting times to access imaging steadily decreased. Report turnaround times improved with the percentage of overnight/on‐call reports completed by a 1030 target time increased from approximately 30% to 80 to 90%. The percentage of emergency and inpatient reports completed within one hour increased from approximately 15% to approximately 50% with 80 to 90% available within 4 hours. The number of unreported cases on the radiologist work‐list at the end of the working day reduced. The average weekly accuracy for demand forecasts for emergency and inpatient CT, MRI and plain film imaging was 91%, 83% and 92% respectively. For outpatient CT, MRI and plain film imaging the accuracy was 60%, 55% and 77% respectively. Reliable routine weekly and medium to longer term service planning is now possible.ConclusionsTools from industry can be successfully applied to diagnostic imaging services to improve performance. They allow an accurate understanding of the demands on a service, capacity, and can reliably predict the impact of changes in demand or capacity on service delivery.
Measuring and managing radiologist workload: Measuring radiologist reporting times using data from a Radiology Information System
Authors: Cowan Ian A , MacDonald Sharyn LS , Floyd Richard A 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroductionHistorically, there has been no objective method of measuring the time required for radiologists to produce reports during normal work. We have created a technique for semi‐automated measurement of radiologist reporting time, and through it produced a robust set of absolute time requirements and relative value units for consultant reporting of diagnostic examinations in our hospital.MethodsA large sample of reporting times, recorded automatically by the Radiology Information System (COMRAD, Software Innovations, Christchurch, New Zealand) along with the description of each examination being reported, was placed in a database. Analysis was confined to diagnostic reporting by consultant radiologists. A spreadsheet was produced, listing the total number and the frequency of reporting times of each distinct examination. Outliers with exceptionally long report times (more than 10 min for plain radiography, 30 min for ultrasound, or 60 min for CT or MRI with some exceptions) were culled; this removed 9.5% of the total. Complex CTs requiring separate workstation time were assigned times by consensus. The median time for the remainder of each sample was the assigned absolute reporting time in minutes and seconds. Relative value units were calculated using the reporting time for a single view department chest X‐ray of 1 min 38 s including verifying a report made using speech recognition software.ResultsA schedule of absolute and relative values, based on over 179 000 reports, forms Table 2 of this paper.ConclusionsThe technique provides a schedule of reporting times with reduced subjective input, which is more robust than existing systems for measuring reporting time.
Paratracheal air cysts: Prevalence and correlation with lung diseases using multi‐detector CT
Authors: Polat Ahmet Veysel , Elmali Muzaffer , Aydin Ramazan , Ozbay Adile , Celenk Cetin , Murat Naci 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of paratracheal air cysts (PACs), their correlation with different lung diseases and their connection with the trachea by chest multi detector computed tomography (MDCT).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed chest MDCT images of 8240 consecutive patients obtained from January 2010 to December 2011 with a 16‐detector multi‐detector CT scanner. PACs were assessed for prevalence, location, level, size and the presence of visible communication with the trachea. MDCT diagnoses were classified as normal, primary or metastatic malignancies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia and other lung diseases. We randomly selected 330 patients who had no visible PACs for the control group. We evaluated the associations between patients' demographic findings (age and sex), MDCT findings of lung and the presence of PACs. The findings of the PACs and control groups were compared. Statistical analysis used chi‐squared test and Mann–Whitney U‐test for evaluation.ResultsPACs were presented in 301 patients (4%); 204 men and 97 women, ranging in age from 14 to 91 years (median = 57 years). There was no significant difference in the presence of PACs by age (P > 0.05). Male subjects showed higher prevalence (P = 0.005). Fifty PACs (16.6%) showed communication with the trachea or main bronchus. Although the relation between COPD and PACs was statistically significant (P < 0.001), there was no relation between primary or metastatic malignancies, pneumonia and other lung diseases and PACs.ConclusionPACs are common in MDCT and should not be misdiagnosed as pneumomediastinum. It should be kept in mind that PACs may be associated with COPD.
New basic approach to treat non‐small cell lung cancer based on RNA‐interference
Authors: Makowiecki Christina , Nolte Andrea , Sutaj Besmire , Keller Timea , Avci‐Adali Meltem , Stoll Heidi , Schlensak Christian , Wendel Hans Peter , Walker Tobias 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo date the therapy for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with severe side effects, frustrating outcomes, and does not consider different tumor characteristics. The RNA‐interference (RNAi) pathway represents a potential new approach to treat NSCLC. With small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs), it is possible to reduce the expression of proliferation‐dependent proteins in tumor cells, leading to their apoptosis. We propose that siRNAs could be adapted to the tumor type and may cause fewer side effects than current therapy.MethodsFour NSCLC cell lines were cultured under standard conditions and transfected with three different concentrations of siRNAs targeted against the hypoxia‐inducible factors 1α and 2α (HIF1α and HIF2α) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The expression was observed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blots. For the analysis of cell growth three days after transfection, the cell number was detected using a CASY cell counter system.ResultsThe results of the silencing of the analyzed factors differ in each cell line. Cell growth was significantly reduced in all cell lines after transfection with HIF1α‐ and STAT3‐siRNA. The silencing of HIF2α resulted in a significant effect on cell growth in squamous, and large‐cell lung cancer.ConclusionsThis study shows that the knockdown and viability to siRNA transfection differ in each tumor type according to the used siRNA. This implies that the tumor types differ among themselves and should be treated differently. Therefore, the authors suggest a possible approach to a more personalized treatment of NSCLC.
Estimating individual animal movement from observation networks
Authors: Pedersen Martin W. , Weng Kevin C. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Observation network data comprise animal presences detected by observer stations at fixed spatial locations. Statistical analysis of these data is complicated by spatial bias in sampling and temporal variability in detection conditions. Advanced methods for analysis of these data are required but are currently underdeveloped.

We propose a state‐space model (SSM) for observation network data to estimate detailed movements of individual animals. The underlying movement model is an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process, which is stationary, and therefore has an inherent mechanism that models home range behaviour. An integral part of the approach is the detection function, which models the probability of logging animal presences. The detection function is also used to provide absence information when animals are undetected. Since the ability to detect an animal often depends on time‐varying external factors such as environmental conditions, we use covariate information about detection efficiency as control variables.

Via simulation, we found that movement estimation error scales log‐linearly with network sparsity. This result can be used to indicate the number of stations necessary to achieve a desired upper bound on estimation error. Furthermore, we found that the SSM outperforms existing techniques in terms of estimating detailed movements and that estimates are robust towards mis‐specification of the detection function. We also tested the importance of accounting for time‐varying detection conditions and found that the probability of making wrong conclusions decreases substantially when covariate information is exploited.

The model is used to estimate movements and home range of a humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) at Palmyra Atoll in the central Pacific Ocean. Here, detection conditions have a strong diel component, which is controlled for using detection efficiency information from a reference device.

The presented approach enhances the toolbox for analysis of observation network data as collected by acoustic telemetry or potentially other aspiring methods such as camera trapping and mobile phone tagging. By explicitly modelling movement and observation processes, the model integrates all sources of uncertainty and provides a sound statistical basis for making well‐informed management decisions from imperfect information.