bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy complications and autoimmune diseases in women: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Singh Megha , Fayaz Fathima Fazla Ahamed , Wang Jingya , Wambua Steven , Subramanian Anuradha , Reynolds John A. , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Crowe Francesca ,   on behalf of MuM-PreDiCT
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Pregnancy complications might lead to the development of autoimmune diseases in women. This review aims to summarise studies evaluating the association between pregnancy complications and the development of autoimmune diseases in women.

Methods
Medline, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched up to January 2024. Nineteen pregnancy complications and 15 autoimmune conditions were included. Title, abstract, full-text screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two reviewers independently. Data were synthesised using narrative and quantitative methods. Results were presented using odds ratios (OR), relative risks (RR), incidence rate ratios (IRR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
Thirty studies were included. One study reported composite exposure to pregnancy complications had a risk of any autoimmune disease RR 3.20 (2.90–3.51) compared to women without pregnancy complications. Women with hyperemesis gravidarum had a higher risk of developing coeliac disease (n = 1) IRR 1.98 (1.27–2.94), Crohn’s disease (n = 1) IRR 1.61 (1.25–2.04), psoriasis (n = 1) IRR 1.33 (1.01–1.71), and rheumatoid arthritis (n = 2) IRR 1.35 (1.09–1.64). Miscarriage associated with subsequent diagnosis of Sjogren syndrome (n = 2) IRR 1.33 (1.06–2.81) and rheumatoid arthritis (n = 4) OR 1.11 (1.04–1.20). Gestational hypertension/preeclampsia was linked with the development of systemic sclerosis (n = 2) IRR 2.60 (1.10–4.60) and T1DM (n = 2) IRR 2.37 (2.09–2.68). Stillbirth associated with composite autoimmune conditions (n = 2) RR 5.82 (95% CI 4.87–6.81) and aIRR 1.25 (1.12–1.40). Postpartum psychosis was associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (n = 1) aIRR2.26 (1.61–2.90).

Conclusions
Women with pregnancy complications subsequently had a higher risk of being diagnosed with autoimmune conditions. Whether this is due to pre-existing undiagnosed health conditions or being causally linked to pregnancy complications is not known.
DNA polymerase swapping in Caudoviricetes bacteriophages
Authors: Yutin Natalya , Tolstoy Igor , Mutz Pascal , Wolf Yuri I. , Krupovic Mart , Koonin Eugene V. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Viruses with double-stranded (ds) DNA genomes in the realm Duplodnaviria share a conserved structural gene module but show a broad range of variation in their repertoires of DNA replication proteins. Some of the duplodnaviruses encode (nearly) complete replication systems whereas others lack (almost) all genes required for replication, relying on the host replication machinery. DNA polymerases (DNAPs) comprise the centerpiece of the DNA replication apparatus. The replicative DNAPs are classified into 4 unrelated or distantly related families (A-D), with the protein structures and sequences within each family being, generally, highly conserved. More than half of the duplodnaviruses encode a DNAP of family A, B or C. We showed previously that multiple pairs of closely related viruses in the order Crassvirales encode DNAPs of different families.

Methods
Groups of phages in which DNAP swapping likely occurred were identified as subtrees of a defined depth in a comprehensive evolutionary tree of tailed bacteriophages that included phages with DNAPs of different families. The DNAP swaps were validated by constrained tree analysis that was performed on phylogenetic tree of large terminase subunits, and the phage genomes encoding swapped DNAPs were aligned using Mauve. The structures of the discovered unusual DNAPs were predicted using AlphaFold2.

Results
We identified four additional groups of tailed phages in the class Caudoviricetes in which the DNAPs apparently were swapped on multiple occasions, with replacements occurring both between families A and B, or A and C, or between distinct subfamilies within the same family. The DNAP swapping always occurs “in situ”, without changes in the organization of the surrounding genes. In several cases, the DNAP gene is the only region of substantial divergence between closely related phage genomes, whereas in others, the swap apparently involved neighboring genes encoding other proteins involved in phage genome replication. In addition, we identified two previously undetected, highly divergent groups of family A DNAPs that are encoded in some phage genomes along with the main DNAP implicated in genome replication.

Conclusions
Replacement of the DNAP gene by one encoding a DNAP of a different family occurred on many independent occasions during the evolution of different families of tailed phages, in some cases, resulting in very closely related phages encoding unrelated DNAPs. DNAP swapping was likely driven by selection for avoidance of host antiphage mechanisms targeting the phage DNAP that remain to be identified, and/or by selection against replicon incompatibility.
Randomised controlled trial of a psychotherapeutic intervention to improve quality of life and other outcomes in people who repeatedly self-harm: FReSH START study protocol
Authors: Farley K. , Copsey B. , Wright-Hughes A. , Farrin A. , Bojke C. , McMillan D. , Graham C. D. , Mattock R. , Brennan C. A. , Gates C. , Martin A. , Dowse A. , Horrocks J. , House A. O. , Guthrie E. A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Self-harm is a major public health challenge, and repeated self-harm is common in those attending hospital following an episode. Evidence suggests psychological interventions could help people who self-harm, but few definitive studies have assessed their clinical and cost-effectiveness. Repeated self-harm is associated with poor quality of life, depression, suicide and increased health service costs which justify the development of psychotherapeutic interventions tailored for people with repeated self-harm.

Methods
FReSH START is a multicentre individually 1:1 randomised controlled trial evaluating the clinical and cost-effectiveness of standard care plus psychological therapy or standard care alone for adults (≥ 18 years) presenting at an emergency department (ED) with repeated self-harm. Recruiting 630 participants, it includes an internal pilot, economic evaluation and process evaluation. The intervention will be delivered by mental health staff working in acute settings, with experience of assessing and managing risk in people presenting to emergency services with self-harm. Staff will be trained and supervised to deliver one of three specially adapted therapies: psychodynamic interpersonal therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy or acceptance and commitment therapy. Participants allocated to the intervention will receive one of the adapted therapies according to therapist allocation for up to 6 months via 12 weekly, one to one, 45–50-min sessions. The primary outcome is quality of life measured by the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure at 12 months post-randomisation. Secondary outcomes include suicidal intent, depression and cost-effectiveness. Data are collected using hospital attendance records and online/postal/telephone questionnaires at 6 and 12 months post-randomisation, with resource use additionally collected at 3 and 9 months.

Discussion
This protocol outlines a randomised controlled trial to investigate whether modified therapies are cost-effective and improve quality of life for people who repeatedly self-harm. Few interventions are proven to be deliverable in the NHS for this population. This study is strengthened by the involvement of qualified mental health workers experienced in managing risk as therapists.

Trial registration
Registered on August 03, 2021.
IRAS number: 297939.
ISRCTN: https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN73357210.
REC reference: 21/EE/0145.
Sponsor: University of Leeds.
Prediction of extracapsular extension of prostate cancer by MRI radiomic signature: a systematic review
Authors: Guerra Adalgisa , Wang Helen , Orton Matthew R. , Konidari Marianna , Papanikolaou Nickolas K. , Koh Dow Mu , Donato Helena , Alves Filipe Caseiro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The objective of this review is to survey radiomics signatures for detecting pathological extracapsular extension (pECE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent prostatectomy.
Scientific Literature databases were used to search studies published from January 2007 to October 2023.
All studies related to PCa MRI staging and using radiomics signatures to detect pECE after prostatectomy were included.
Systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). The risk of bias and certainty of the evidence was assessed using QUADAS-2 and the radiomics quality score.
From 1247 article titles screened, 16 reports were assessed for eligibility, and 11 studies were included in this systematic review. All used a retrospective study design and most of them used 3 T MRI. Only two studies were performed in more than one institution. The highest AUC of a model using only radiomics features was 0.85, for the test validation. The AUC for best model performance (radiomics associated with clinical/semantic features) varied from 0.72–0.92 and 0.69–0.89 for the training and validation group, respectively. Combined models performed better than radiomics signatures alone for detecting ECE. Most of the studies showed a low to medium risk of bias.
After thorough analysis, we found no strong evidence supporting the clinical use of radiomics signatures for identifying extracapsular extension (ECE) in pre-surgery PCa patients. Future studies should adopt prospective multicentre approaches using large public datasets and combined models for detecting ECE.

Critical relevant statement
The use of radiomics algorithms, with clinical and AI integration, in predicting extracapsular extension, could lead to the development of more accurate predictive models, which could help improve surgical planning and lead to better outcomes for prostate cancer patients.

Protocol of systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42021272088. Published: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052342.

Key Points

Radiomics can extract diagnostic features from MRI to enhance prostate cancer diagnosis performance.

The combined models performed better than radiomics signatures alone for detecting extracapsular extension.

Radiomics are not yet reliable for extracapsular detection in PCa patients.

Graphical Abstract
Hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia during follow-up of patients after cyclophosphamide- or oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy: differentiation from liver metastasis
Authors: Yang Fan , Peng Wenjing , Chen Shuang , Wan Lijuan , Zhao Rui , Liu Xiangchun , Ye Feng , Zhang Hongmei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Newly detected hepatic nodules during follow-up of cancer survivors receiving chemotherapy may pose a diagnostic dilemma. We investigated a series of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) diagnosed by either typical MRI features and follow-up or pathology in cancer survivors.

Methods
This retrospective study evaluated 38 patients with tumours who developed new hepatic FNH after cyclophosphamide-based (n = 19) and oxaliplatin-based (n = 19) chemotherapies. The main tumour types were breast cancer (n = 18) and colorectal cancer (n = 17). MRI findings, clinical features, and temporal evolution of all target hepatic lesions (n = 63) were reported. In addition, the two chemotherapy drug groups were compared.

Results
The median interval between chemotherapy completion and FNH detection was 30.4 months (12.9, 49.4). Six patients underwent biopsy or surgery, while the remaining patients were diagnosed based on typical MRI features and long-term follow-up. Among the patients, 60.5% (23/38) presented with multiple nodules and 63 target lesions were detected. The median size of target lesions was 11.5 mm (8.4, 15.1). The median follow-up time was 32.5 months (21.2, 48.6), and 15 patients experienced changes in their lesions during the follow-up period (11 increased and 4 decreased). The cyclophosphamide-based treatment group had a younger population, a greater proportion of females, and a shorter time to discovery than the oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy group (all p ≤ 0.016).

Conclusions
FNH may occur in cancer survivors after cyclophosphamide- or oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Considering a patient’s treatment history and typical MRI findings can help avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary invasive treatment.

Clinical relevance statement
When cancer survivors develop new hepatic nodules during follow-up, clinicians should think of the possibility of focal nodular hyperplasia in addition to liver metastasis, especially if the cancer survivors were previously treated with cyclophosphamide or oxaliplatin.

Key Points

Cancer survivors, after chemotherapy, can develop hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia.

Cyclophosphamide and oxaliplatin are two chemotherapeutic agents that predispose to focal nodular hyperplasia development.

Focal nodular hyperplasia occurs at shorter intervals in patients treated with cyclophosphamide.

Graphical Abstract
Global burden of breast cancer and attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Sha Rui , Kong Xiang-meng , Li Xin-yu , Wang Ya-bing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background and objective
Breast cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. This study aimed to assess the global burden of breast cancer and identify attributable risk factors across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.

Methods
Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we analyzed the incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and risk factors associated with breast cancer. We obtained and analyzed the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and age-standardized DALYs rate from 1990 to 2021. We assessed geographical variations and the impact of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using regression analysis and stratification by SDI quintiles. Additionally, we estimated the risk factors attributable to breast cancer deaths and DALYs using the comparative risk assessment framework of the GBD study.

Results
Globally, breast cancer incident cases increased from 875,657 in 1990 to 2,121,564 in 2021. The ASIR rose from 16.42 to 26.88 per 100,000 (95% CI: 1.54–1.60). High SDI regions showed the highest ASIR (66.89 per 100,000 in 2021), while Low SDI regions had the lowest (6.99 per 100,000 in 2021). The global ASDR decreased from 10.42 to 8.54 per 100,000, and the age-standardized DALYs rate decreased from 313.36 to 261.5 per 100,000 between 1990 and 2021. However, these improvements were not uniform across SDI regions. Risk factors included high body-mass index, alcohol use, tobacco, and high fasting plasma glucose, with variations across SDI regions.

Conclusion
The global burden of breast cancer has increased significantly from 1990 to 2021, with disparities observed across SDI regions. While high SDI areas show improvements in mortality and DALYs, lower SDI regions face increasing burdens. Targeted interventions addressing modifiable risk factors and improving healthcare access in less developed regions are crucial for reducing the global impact of breast cancer.
Don’t believe them! Reducing misinformation influence through source discreditation
Authors: Ecker Ullrich K. H. , Prike Toby , Paver Antonia B. , Scott Rosie J. , Swire-Thompson Briony 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMisinformation often continues to influence people’s reasoning even after it has been corrected. Therefore, an important aim of applied cognition research is to identify effective measures to counter misinformation. One frequently recommended but hitherto insufficiently tested strategy is source discreditation, that is, attacking the credibility of a misinformation source. In two experiments, we tested whether immediate source discreditation could reduce people’s subsequent reliance on fictional event-related misinformation. In Experiment 1, the discreditation targeted a person source of misinformation, pointing to a conflict of interest. This intervention was compared with a commonly employed message-focused correction and a combination of correction and discreditation. The discreditation alone was effective, but less effective than a correction, with the combination of both most effective. Experiment 2 compared discreditations that targeted a person versus a media source of misinformation, pointing either to a conflict of interest or a poor track record of communication. Discreditations were effective for both types of sources, although track-record discreditations were less effective when the misinformation source was a media outlet compared to a person. Results demonstrate that continued influence of misinformation is shaped by social as well as cognitive factors and that source discreditation is a broadly applicable misinformation countermeasure.
Correcting fake news headlines after repeated exposure: memory and belief accuracy in younger and older adults
Authors: Kemp Paige L. , Loaiza Vanessa M. , Kelley Colleen M. , Wahlheim Christopher N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe efficacy of fake news corrections in improving memory and belief accuracy may depend on how often adults see false information before it is corrected. Two experiments tested the competing predictions that repeating fake news before corrections will either impair or improve memory and belief accuracy. These experiments also examined whether fake news exposure effects would differ for younger and older adults due to age-related differences in the recollection of contextual details. Younger and older adults read real and fake news headlines that appeared once or thrice. Next, they identified fake news corrections among real news headlines. Later, recognition and cued recall tests assessed memory for real news, fake news, if corrections occurred, and beliefs in retrieved details. Repeating fake news increased detection and remembering of corrections, correct real news retrieval, and erroneous fake news retrieval. No age differences emerged for detection of corrections, but younger adults remembered corrections better than older adults. At test, correct fake news retrieval for earlier-detected corrections was associated with better real news retrieval. This benefit did not differ between age groups in recognition but was greater for younger than older adults in cued recall. When detected corrections were not remembered at test, repeated fake news increased memory errors. Overall, both age groups believed correctly retrieved real news more than erroneously retrieved fake news to a similar degree. These findings suggest that fake news repetition effects on subsequent memory accuracy depended on age differences in recollection-based retrieval of fake news and that it was corrected.
Cue relevance drives early quitting in visual search
Authors: Moher Jeff , Delos Reyes Anna , Drew Trafton 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIrrelevant salient distractors can trigger early quitting in visual search, causing observers to miss targets they might otherwise find. Here, we asked whether task-relevant salient cues can produce a similar early quitting effect on the subset of trials where those cues fail to highlight the target. We presented participants with a difficult visual search task and used two cueing conditions. In the high-predictive condition, a salient cue in the form of a red circle highlighted the target most of the time a target was present. In the low-predictive condition, the cue was far less accurate and did not reliably predict the target (i.e., the cue was often a false positive). These were contrasted against a control condition in which no cues were presented. In the high-predictive condition, we found clear evidence of early quitting on trials where the cue was a false positive, as evidenced by both increased miss errors and shorter response times on target absent trials. No such effects were observed with low-predictive cues. Together, these results suggest that salient cues which are false positives can trigger early quitting, though perhaps only when the cues have a high-predictive value. These results have implications for real-world searches, such as medical image screening, where salient cues (referred to as computer-aided detection or CAD) may be used to highlight potentially relevant areas of images but are sometimes inaccurate.
Non-invasive CT radiomic biomarkers predict microsatellite stability status in colorectal cancer: a multicenter validation study
Authors: Bodalal Zuhir , Hong Eun Kyoung , Trebeschi Stefano , Kurilova Ieva , Landolfi Federica , Bogveradze Nino , Castagnoli Francesca , Randon Giovanni , Snaebjornsson Petur , Pietrantonio Filippo , Lee Jeong Min , Beets Geerard , Beets-Tan Regina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Microsatellite instability (MSI) status is a strong predictor of response to immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. Radiogenomic approaches promise the ability to gain insight into the underlying tumor biology using non-invasive routine clinical images. This study investigates the association between tumor morphology and the status of MSI versus microsatellite stability (MSS), validating a novel radiomic signature on an external multicenter cohort.

Methods
Preoperative computed tomography scans with matched MSI status were retrospectively collected for 243 colorectal cancer patients from three hospitals: Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH);
Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI); and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy (INT). Radiologists delineated primary tumors in each scan, from which radiomic features were extracted. Machine learning models trained on SNUH data to identify MSI tumors underwent external validation using NKI and INT images. Performances were compared in terms of area under the receiving operating curve (AUROC).

Results
We identified a radiomic signature comprising seven radiomic features that were predictive of tumors with MSS or MSI (AUROC 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54−0.84, p = 0.018). Integrating radiomic and clinical data into an algorithm improved predictive performance to an AUROC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.60−0.91, p = 0.002) and enhanced the reliability of the predictions.

Conclusion
Differences in the radiomic morphological phenotype between tumors MSS or MSI could be detected using radiogenomic approaches. Future research involving large-scale multicenter prospective studies that combine various diagnostic data is necessary to refine and validate more robust, potentially tumor-agnostic MSI radiogenomic models.

Relevance statement
Noninvasive radiomic signatures derived from computed tomography scans can predict MSI in colorectal cancer, potentially augmenting traditional biopsy-based methods and enhancing personalized treatment strategies.

Key Points

Noninvasive CT-based radiomics predicted MSI in colorectal cancer, enhancing stratification.

A seven-feature radiomic signature differentiated tumors with MSI from those with MSS in multicenter cohorts.

Integrating radiomic and clinical data improved the algorithm’s predictive performance.

Graphical Abstract