bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysine acetyltransferases cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element‐binding binding protein and acetyltransferase p300 attenuate transcriptional activity of the mineralocorticoid receptor through its acetylation
Authors: Seo Minchul , Song Minji , Seok Young Mi , Kang Seol Hee , Lee Hae Ahm , Sohn Uy Dong , Kim In Kyeom 
Published: February 2015

SummaryAcetylation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by inhibition of lysine deacetylases attenuates MR's transcriptional activity. However, the specific lysine acetyltransferases that are responsible for acetylation of the MR remain unknown. We hypothesized that the acetyltransferases cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element‐binding binding protein (CBP) and acetyltransferase p300 (p300) attenuate transcriptional activity of the MR through its acetylation. Expression of MR target genes was measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Recruitment of MR and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) on promoters of target genes was analysed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Acetylation of the MR was determined by western blot with an anti‐acetyl‐lysine antibody after immunoprecipitation with an anti‐MR antibody. In human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, overexpression of CBP or p300, but not p300/CBP‐associated factor, increased MR acetylation and decreased expression of MR target genes. The downregulation of target genes coincided with a decrease in the recruitment of MR and Pol II to specific hormone response elements. These results demonstrate that overexpression of CBP or p300 attenuates the transcriptional activity of the MR through its acetylation in HEK 293 cells. Our data provide strong evidence identifying CBP and p300 as lysine acetyltransferases responsible for the regulation of MR that may provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of hypertension.
Can colonic migrating motor complexes occur in mice lacking the endothelin‐3 gene?
Authors: Barnes Kyra J , Spencer Nick J 
Published: February 2015

SummaryIn mammals, colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMC) are a major propulsive contraction responsible for the expulsion of faecal content. Mice with a mutation of the endothelin‐3 gene raised on a 129SL background strain have ~70% colonic aganglionosis, lack CMMC, and are lethal within 12 days postpartum. In contrast, endothelin‐3 mutant mice raised and maintained on a C57BL6 background strain (lethal‐spotted (ls/ls) mice) can live for much longer, but it is unclear whether CMMC generation is preserved in these mice also lacking the endothelin‐3 gene. The aim of this study was to determine whether CMMC exist in ls/ls mouse colon and, if so, whether their existence and frequency are related to the length of aganglionosis. Spatiotemporal mapping and mechanical recordings of colonic wall movements were made from isolated whole colons obtained from wild‐type and ls/ls mice. Although ls/ls mice had a megacolon, they still generated CMMC in the ganglionic segment, which on some occasions could propagate short distances into the aganglionic region. There was large variability in aganglionosis length, which showed a weak correlation with the existence or frequency of CMMC. Interestingly, CMMC propagation velocity was slower in ls/ls mice when evoked by intraluminal fluid. A myogenic motor pattern was identified in the aganglionic region that was maintained under tonic inhibition. We show that despite megacolon, ls/ls mice still generate CMMC in the ganglionic region. These offspring have sufficient propulsive motility in the ganglionic segment to live a normal murine lifespan and rarely die of bowel obstruction.
The Evolving Disclosure Landscape: How Changes in Technology, the Media, and Capital Markets Are Affecting Disclosure
Authors: MILLER GREGORY S. , SKINNER DOUGLAS J. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTRecent changes in technology and the media are causing significant changes in how capital markets assimilate and respond to information. We identify important themes in the disclosure literature and use this as a framework to discuss the conference papers that appear in this volume. These papers examine how managers’ disclosure practices are being affected by changes in technology, the media, and capital markets. While this work makes important progress, we discuss how continuing technological change and the emergence of new forms of media offer further opportunities for research on the role of disclosure in capital markets.
Positron emission tomography/ultrasound fusion technique in patients with malignant melanoma
Authors: Freesmeyer Martin , Elsner Peter , Goetze Steven , Kaatz Martin , Winkens Thomas 
Published: February 2015

Summary18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET)/CT is commonly used to assess tumour recurrence in high‐risk patients with malignant melanoma (MM). However, results can be ambiguous either because of the CT's insufficient soft‐tissue contrast or non‐specific FDG accumulation caused by inflammation. Ultrasound (US) can provide additional morphologic information that is superior to CT. For precisely combining PET and US findings, we used a real‐time fusion technique based on navigated US (PET/US fusion). Here, we describe our results from patients where PET/US fusion proved helpful in differentiating unclear PET/CT findings. This fusion technique is likely to be helpful for decision making in MM patients and biopsy guidance.
Effects of Intrauterine Growth Restriction During Late Pregnancy on the Development of the Ovine Fetal Thymus and the T‐Lymphocyte Subpopulation
Authors: Liu Yingchun , He Shan , Zhang Yuan , Xia Wei , Li Ming , Zhang Chongzhi , Gao Feng 
Published: February 2015

ProblemThe retarded development of fetal thymus in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) from maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy destroys the tridimensional structure and modifies the development of fetal T lymphocytes. The mechanisms, however, remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of IUGR during late pregnancy on the development of the ovine fetal thymus and the T‐lymphocyte subpopulation.Method of studyEighteen time‐mated ewes with singleton fetuses were allocated to three groups at day 90 of pregnancy: restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.18 MJ ME/BW0.75/day, n = 6), restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.33 MJ ME/BW0.75/day, n = 6) and a control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME/BW0.75/day, n = 6). Fetuses were recovered at slaughter on day 140.ResultsFetuses in RG1 exhibited decreased (P < 0.05) thymic weight, cortical thickness, cortical:medullary, DNA content, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase; intermediate changes were found in RG2 fetuses, including decreased thymic weight, cortical thickness, and DNA content (P < 0.05). The reductions (P < 0.05) of CD4+CD8+T cells, relative mRNA expression of keratin 8, recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1), and B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) were found in both restricted groups. In addition, there was reduced mRNA expression (P < 0.05) of T‐cell receptor, apoptosis antigen 1 ligand, and RAG2 in the RG1 group. In contrast, increases in glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, caspase‐3, Cytochrome c, and CD4+T cells were observed (P < 0.05), and higher mRNA expressions (P < 0.05) of protein 53, Bcl‐2 associated X protein (Bax), and apoptosis antigen 1 (Fas) were found in RG1 fetuses; and thymuses of RG2 fetuses had increased caspase‐3, and expression of Fas and Bax (P < 0.05), relative to control fetuses.ConclusionThese results indicate that reduced cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and increased cell apoptosis were the potential mechanisms for impaired development and microenvironment of IUGR fetal thymus, and for modifying the maturation of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes underlying their reduced numbers .
Medium‐term outcomes of bovine jugular vein graft and homograft conduits in children
Authors: Yong Matthew S. , Yim Deane , d'Udekem Yves , Brizard Christian P. , Robertson Terry , Galati John C. , Konstantinov Igor E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe bovine jugular vein (Contegra) conduit has been described as an alternative to the homograft for right ventricle (RV) to pulmonary artery (PA) connection. We assessed the outcomes of Contegra conduits and homografts at a single institution.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of children (n = 249) who underwent RV‐to‐PA conduit (Contegra or homograft) implantation from 2001 to 2011.ResultsMedian operation age was 4.8 years (2 days–18 years). Indications for surgery were as follows: primary conduit insertion (n = 131; 53%), previous conduit failure (n = 57; 23%) or Ross procedure (n = 61; 25%). There were 113 (45%) Contegra conduits and 136 (55%) homografts (92 pulmonary, 44 aortic) inserted. Early mortality was 5% (n = 12). Overall survival was 89% (95% confidence interval (CI): 84–92%) at 5 years and 87% (95% CI: 81–92%) at 10 years. Mortality was associated with smaller conduit size (P = 0.044) and syndrome diagnosis (P = 0.012). Freedom from reoperation was 85% (95% CI: 77–91%) and 75% (95% CI: 59–86%) at 5 years for homografts and Contegra conduits, respectively. Patients required conduit replacement (15%) for endocarditis (n = 4; 11%) or graft failure (n = 34; 89%). Eleven patients developed distal conduit stenosis with the majority occurring in Contegra conduits (n = 7; 64%) (P = 0.004). A larger conduit (P = 0.007) was protective against reoperation. There was no difference in reoperation between conduits (P = 0.41). Mean follow‐up was 5 ± 3.2 years (96% complete). Majority of survivors (99%) were in New York Heart Association Class II/I.ConclusionThe Contegra conduit and homograft demonstrate similar mid‐term outcomes in children. Smaller conduit size is associated with higher graft failure and mortality.
Hysterectomy types in Estonia are still different from the Nordic countries
Authors: Veerus Piret , Lang Katrin , Toompere Karolin , Kirss Fred 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo describe hysterectomy rates in different age groups, indications and proportion of surgery types over time.DesignNationwide register‐based study.SettingEstonia.PopulationWomen who had hysterectomies for benign indications from 2004 to 2011.MethodsFor each case, diagnosis according to ICD‐10, type of surgery according to Nordic Medico‐Statistical Committee, age, and time of operation were retrieved from the Estonian Health Insurance Fund database. Mid‐year female population statistics were obtained from Statistics Estonia.Main outcome measuresRate of hysterectomies per 100 000 women, proportions of different operation types, and main indications for hysterectomies.ResultsThe total number of hysterectomies was 12 336, with a yearly mean of 1542. The rate of hysterectomies per 100 000 women/year decreased between 2004 and 2011 from 239.1 to 204.9. The proportion of abdominal hysterectomies decreased from 86.0 to 56.1% and the proportion of laparoscopic hysterectomies increased from 6.3 to 34.7%, while the proportion of vaginal hysterectomies remained more or less stable (7.8–9.1%). Most hysterectomies (74.4%) occurred in the age group 35–54 years. The main indications for hysterectomies were leiomyoma (61.5%), female genital prolapse (9.0%) and endometriosis (8.8%).ConclusionsPopulation rates and indications for hysterectomies in Estonia were similar to those in most Nordic countries, but the proportion of abdominal hysterectomies was higher and that of vaginal hysterectomy lower. The rates of laparoscopic and vaginal hysterectomies should be increased.
Perioperative pharmacological management of choroidal detachment associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Shen Lijun , Mao Jianbo , Sun Shumao , Dong Yugui , Chen Yiqi , Cheng Lingyun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurposeTo compare subtenon triamcinolone versus systemic dexamethasone for perisurgical management of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment presenting with a choroidal detachment (RRD/CD).MethodsThirty consecutive primary RRD/CD patients were prospectively studied. Sixteen RRD/CD patients were injected with a 40 mg subtenon triamcinolone acetonide (TA) 5 days before a scheduled vitrectomy (TA group) while the other 14 RRD/CD patients were intravenously infused daily with 10 mg dexamethasone (Dex) for 5 days before a scheduled vitrectomy (Dex group). All patients were followed up for 6 months. Changes of choroid detachment on B ultrasonography and preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), systemic and ocular steroid level, blood sugar, and postoperative macular oedema were compared between the two groups.ResultsDuring 5 days of presurgical treatment, the IOP recovery from the baseline was 3.29 ± 4.56 mmHg for the TA group versus 1.16 ± 1.60 mmHg for the Dex group (p = 0.021). The height of CD decreased significantly more for the TA group (3.55 ± 1.33 versus 1.84 ± 1.5 mm, p = 0.0029). The physiological cortisol level in the plasma was significantly suppressed for the Dex group (8.35 ± 10.35 versus 51.9 ± 35.9 ng/ml, p = 0.01). Postoperative 1‐month macula was less oedematous for TA group (401 ± 196 versus 256 ± 66 μm, p = 0.0498).ConclusionSubtenon TA seems to be a better option for perisurgical management of RRD/CD patients than systemic steroid application. Subtenon TA is more convenient for patients and imposes much less stress to patients’ hormones homeostasis. This is especially important for those who are suffering metabolic disorders and need vitrectomy surgery for repairing RRD/CD.
Impacts of visitor trampling on the taxonomic and functional community structure of calcareous grassland
Authors: Conradi Timo , Strobl Katharina , Wurfer Anna‐Lena , Kollmann Johannes 
Published: February 2015

AbstractQuestionDoes long‐term visitor trampling close to hiking trails affect the taxonomic and functional composition and diversity of a calcareous grassland, thus reducing its nature conservation value?LocationAncient calcareous grassland (nature reserve Garchinger Heide) in the Munich Gravel Plain, south Germany.MethodsWe sampled plant species composition at four distance classes representing different trampling intensities along replicated transects running perpendicular to 20‐yr‐old hiking trails in the nature reserve. We used a combination of distance‐based multivariate methods and a series of univariate tests to study the effects of trampling on a number of conservation‐relevant aspects of taxonomic and functional plant community composition and diversity.ResultsThe different trampling intensities led to a significant variation in plant species composition that was driven by trait‐mediated responses, mainly of traits related to dispersal and regeneration, but these patterns only occurred close to the trails (<1.5 m). Except directly on the trails, species richness, the number of habitat specialists and threatened species, as well as Functional Richness were not or marginally affected by trampling. Multivariate dispersion within levels of trampling intensities and evenness, the latter measured for either species or traits, remained constant across the gradient of trampling intensity.ConclusionsEven after 20 yr of exposure to different intensities of trampling, calcareous grassland vegetation showed only few and spatially limited compositional responses, while its nature conservation value was not affected. Therefore, marked hiking trails are a good compromise between meeting the needs for recreation and environmental education, and the conservation of threatened habitat specialists and should be preferred to alternatives such as undirected access that would result in spatially extensive changes in community structure.
Association between serum ligands and the skin toxicity of anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor antibody in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Takahashi Naoki , Yamada Yasuhide , Furuta Koh , Nagashima Kengo , Kubo Akiko , Sasaki Yusuke , Shoji Hirokazu , Honma Yoshitaka , Iwasa Satoru , Okita Natsuko , Takashima Atsuo , Kato Ken , Hamaguchi Tetsuya , Shimada Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2015

Skin toxicity is a known clinical signature used to predict the prognosis of anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). There are no biological markers to predict skin toxicity before anti‐EGFR antibody treatment in mCRC patients. Between August 2008 and August 2011, pretreatment serum samples were obtained from KRAS wild‐type (WT) patients who received anti‐EGFR antibody treatment. Serum levels of ligands were measured by ELISA. A total of 103 KRAS WT patients were enrolled in the study. Progression‐free survival and overall survival of patients with a high grade (grade 2–3) of skin toxicity were significantly longer than those with a low grade (grade 0–1) of skin toxicity (median progression‐free survival, 6.4 months vs 2.4 months, P < 0.001; median overall survival, 14.6 months vs 7.1 months, P = 0.006). There were significant differences in distribution of serum levels of epiregulin (EREG), amphiregulin (AREG), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) between groups of low/high grade of skin toxicity (P < 0.048, P < 0.012, P < 0.012, respectively). In addition, serum levels of HGF, EREG, and AREG were inversely proportional to grades of skin toxicity as determined by the Cochran–Armitage test (P = 0.019, P = 0.047, P = 0.021, respectively). Our study indicated that serum levels such as HGF, EREG, and AREG may be significant markers to predict the grade of skin toxicity and the prognosis of anti‐EGFR antibody treatment, which contribute to improvement of the management of skin toxicity and survival time in mCRC patients.
The cross‐lagged relationship between father absence and child problem behaviour in the early years
Authors: Flouri E. , Narayanan M. K. , Midouhas E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundFather absence has negative consequences for children's behaviour. Yet research has not examined how father absence and child behaviour may influence each other. This study models the cross‐lagged relationship between father absence (non‐residence) and child problem behaviour in the early years.MethodsWe used data from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study, at children's ages 3, 5 and 7 years (Sweeps 2–4). The sample was 15 293 families in which both biological parents were co‐resident at Sweep 1, when the child was aged 9 months. Child problem behaviour was assessed using the clinical cut‐offs of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). We also investigated gender differences in the association between father absence and problem behaviour.ResultsFather absence at age 3 predicted a higher probability of the child scoring above cut‐off for total difficulties at age 5, as did father absence at age 5 for total difficulties at age 7. There were no significant effects for total difficulties on father absence. Similar father absence effects were found for individual SDQ subscales. Using these subscales, we found few child behaviour effects, mostly during the preschool years: children's severe externalizing and social (but not emotional) problems were associated with a greater probability of the father being absent in the next sweep. All cross‐lagged relationships were similar for boys and girls.ConclusionsFather absence seems to be mainly the cause rather than the outcome of child problem behaviour in young UK families, and to affect boys and girls similarly. There were some child (mostly externalizing) behaviour effects on father absence, particularly in the early years.
Child welfare workers' views of fathers in risk assessment and planned interventions, a comparison between English and Norwegian workers
Authors: Skramstad Heidi , Skivenes Marit 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn a comparison of 53 child welfare workers' risk assessment based on a vignette case about a 9‐year‐old girl, less than one‐third of the child welfare workers in England and Norway, intended to work with fathers. Only 28% and 14%, respectively, suggested involving the stepfather, in spite that, the vignette said he lived with the girl and her mother. The invisible fathers in child welfare have been well documented, but fathers and stepfathers in particular, were surprisingly invisible in the Norwegian context, known for its strong focus on gender equality and institutionalized support for the father role. The child welfare workers seemed to prefer working with the mother and other professional agencies, rather than involving the father(s) and other family members. Although this may reflect the reality of families within child welfare, they are in contrast with the prevailing family ideology and practices in the society at large, both in England and in Norway.
Effects of Early Moderate Loading on Implant Stability: A Retrospective Investigation of 634 Implants with Platform Switching and Morse‐Tapered Connections
Authors: Romanos Georgios , Grizas Eleftherios , Laukart Elena , Nentwig Georg‐Hubertus 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurposeThis retrospective investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of early moderate loading (EML) on implant stability.Materials and MethodsFollowing 6 weeks of conventional healing, 634 dental implants (Ankylos®, Dentsply Implants, Mannheim, Germany) inserted in 247 patients were uncovered. Provisional restorations were placed in infra‐occlusion in partially edentulous patients and in full occlusion in edentulous patients. Patients were instructed to consume a soft/liquid diet until final restorations were delivered after approximately 6 weeks. Periotest values (PTVs) at the time of uncovering and after EML were assessed in order to calculate the change in PTV (ΔPTV). Improvement of the PTV was analyzed to account for dependencies between measurements on multiple implants of a single patient, along with other factors.ResultsNo implant was lost during the EML. After a mean loading time of 3 years (±1.7 years), the implant survival rate was 98.74%. The PTV of 556 implants decreased (improved) over the course of the study. The ΔPTV was statistically significant (p = .0001), and none of the factors analyzed appeared to influence it.ConclusionsThe EML of implants does not impair the implants' stability, as determined by Periotest. On the contrary, early moderate loading seems to be beneficial at compromised bone qualities.
Dynamics of cannibalism in equal‐aged cohorts of Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: ANDOW DAVID A. , FARIAS JULIANO R. , HORIKOSHI RENATO J. , BERNARDI DANIEL , NASCIMENTO ANTONIO R. B. , OMOTO CELSO 
Published: February 2015

1. Antagonistic interactions in herbivorous insects are often density‐dependent, so rates are predicted to vary dynamically over time as density changes. Fatal intraspecific interactions, especially cannibalism, occur between equal‐aged larvae in young first‐ and second‐instar Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith).2. A cannibalism experiment was conducted, starting with seven different densities of neonate S. frugiperda larvae, each replicated 50 times. Larvae were examined daily for the duration of the first and second instars (7 days). Seven‐day mortality was density‐dependent.3. A stochastic mathematical model was developed in which per‐capita mortality from antagonistic interactions among equal‐aged larvae varies dynamically as density changes. A maximum likelihood method was developed to estimate the conditional per‐capita mortality rate from antagonistic interactions given an intraspecific encounter. An alternative model with mean‐mortality from antagonistic interactions that depends only on the initial larval density was also developed.4. The models were fitted to the experimental data, and compared using log‐likelihood. The dynamic model fitted the cannibalism data significantly better than the time‐averaged mortality model for all starting densities for the experimental data, implying that density‐dependent mortality varied dynamically over time even within short 7‐day periods.5. The conditional per‐capita mortality rate from antagonistic interactions was also density‐dependent, possibly because encounters became more aggregated at higher density, or because the probability that a larva died from the interaction was higher at higher density, or both.