bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of a Regular Source of Primary Care in Adolescents
Authors: Feldman Debbie Ehrmann , Beauséjour Marie , Da Silva Roxane Borgès , Diop Mamadou , Labelle Hubert , Goulet Lise 
Published: September 2014

Aim: Primary care practitioners should screen young adolescent patients for idiopathic scoliosis and refer those who could benefit from bracing to prevent curve progression and the need for surgery. Adolescents without a regular source of primary care may be at higher risk for not having their scoliosis diagnosed in time to benefit from bracing. We sought to determine whether adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and a regular source of primary care are at lower risk of scoliosis surgery. Methods: We followed a cohort of 3722 adolescents (10-18 years) whose diagnosis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was confirmed by an orthopedist or physiatrist, using linked administrative data of physician visits and hospital admissions, from 2001 to 2010. We used survival analysis to compare those with and without a regular source of primary care with regard to having scoliosis surgery, adjusting for covariates. Results: Among the 3722 adolescents with scoliosis, 12% did not have a regular source of primary care and 158 had scoliosis surgery. Adolescents with a regular source of primary care had a lower risk of scoliosis surgery (hazard ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.40-0.89), especially those whose regular source of primary care was a pediatrician (hazard ratio 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.30-0.76). Conclusion: Adolescents with scoliosis and a regular source of primary care were less likely to undergo scoliosis surgery. Policy makers need to be aware of the importance of primary health care for children and adolescents and ensure that they are not forgotten in their campaign for primary care improvement.
Anticoagulation Management of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Nantha Yogarabindranath Swarna 
Published: September 2014

Objective: To investigate the prevailing level of adherence to a dosing algorithm and a recall schedule and its relationship with the time in therapeutic range (TTR) among patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: The study was carried out at a regional primary care clinic in Malaysia. Patients on anticoagulation therapy aged older than 18 years were included in the study. The participants have received continuation of their anticoagulation therapy at the primary care clinic for at least 6 months to 1 year after being discharged from a tertiary center. Correlation and multiple regression studies were performed to determine the significance of the predictors of TTR. Results: A majority (217) of patients with atrial fibrillation received anticoagulation therapy at the clinic followed by patients with mitral valve replacement and aortic valve replacement. The mean TTR for patients with atrial fibrillation was 57.6%. General practitioners (GPs) adhered to 75.5% of the dose protocol but fared poorly in adhering to the recall schedule (36.2%). The concordance to the dose algorithm and recall schedule were significantly related to TTR. Multiple regression analysis proved that the concordance to the dose algorithm and recall schedule were important predictors of the level of TTR in patients with atrial fibrillation. Discussion: The study provides preliminary evidence on the relationship between a validated dose algorithm that is integrated with a recall schedule in the control of TTR in patients with atrial fibrillation on anticoagulation treatment. A larger multicenter study is needed to confirm the results of this finding.
A comprehensive review of urologic complications in patients with diabetes
Authors: Arrellano-Valdez Fernando , Urrutia-Osorio Marta , Arroyo Carlos , Soto-Vega Elena 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, as a result of abnormal insulin production, insulin function, or both. DM is associated with systemic complications, such as infections, neuropathy and angiopathy, which involve the genitourinary tract. The three most significant urologic complications include: bladder cystopathy, sexual dysfunction and urinary tract infections.
Almost half of the patients with DM have bladder dysfunction or cystopathy, which can be manifested in women as hypersensitivity (in 39–61% of the diabetic women) or neurogenic bladder. In males it can be experienced as lower urinary tract symptoms (in 25% of diabetic males with a nearly twofold increased risk when seen by age groups). Additionally, an increased prostate volume affects their micturition as well as their urinary tract.
Involving sexual dysfunction in women, it includes reduced libido, decreased arousal, clitoral erectile dysfunction and painful or non-sensitive intercourse; and in diabetic males it varies from low libido, ejaculatory abnormalities and erectile dysfunction. Globally, sexual disorders have a prevalence of 18–42%. Erectile dysfunction is ranked as the third most important complication of DM. Urinary tract infections are observed frequently in diabetic patients, and vary from emphysematous infections, Fournier gangrene, staghorn infected lithiasis to repetitive bacterial cystitis. The most frequent finding in diabetic women has been lower urinary tract infections. Because of the high incidence of obesity worldwide and its association with diabetes, it is very important to keep in mind the urologic complication associated with DM in patients, in order to better diagnose and treat this population.
Location of α-tocopherol and α-tocotrienol to heterogeneous cell membranes and inhibition of production of peroxidized cholesterol in mouse fibroblasts
Authors: Nakamura Toshiyuki , Noma Ayako , Terao Junji 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
α-Tocopherol (α-T) and α-tocotrienol (α-T3) are well recognized as lipophilic antioxidants. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge on their location in heterogeneous cell membranes. We first investigated the distribution of α-T and α-T3 to the cholesterol-rich microdomains (lipid rafts and caveolae) of heterogeneous cell membranes by incubating these antioxidants with cultured mouse fibroblasts.

Findings
Levels of cellular uptake for α-T and α-T3 were adjusted to the same order, as that of the latter was much more efficient than that of the former in the cultured cells. After ultracentrifugation, α-T and α-T3 were partitioned to the microdomain fractions. When the distribution of α-T and α-T3 was further confirmed by using methyl-β-cyclodextrin (which removes cholesterol from membranes), α-T was suggested to be distributed to the microdomains (approx. 9% of the total uptake). The same treatment did not affect α-T3 content in the microdomain fractions, indicating that α-T3 is not located in these cholesterol-rich domains. However, α-T and α-T3 significantly inhibited the production of peroxidized cholesterol when cells were exposed to ultraviolet-A light.

Conclusions
These results suggest that α-T and α-T3 can act as membranous antioxidants against photo-irradiated cholesterol peroxidation irrespective of their distribution to cholesterol-rich microdomains.
DiffVar: a new method for detecting differential variability with application to methylation in cancer and aging
Authors: Phipson Belinda , Oshlack Alicia 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMethylation of DNA is known to be essential to development and dramatically altered in cancers. The Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip has been used extensively as a cost-effective way to profile nearly half a million CpG sites across the human genome. Here we present DiffVar, a novel method to test for differential variability between sample groups. DiffVar employs an empirical Bayes model framework that can take into account any experimental design and is robust to outliers. We applied DiffVar to several datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas, as well as an aging dataset. DiffVar is available in the missMethyl Bioconductor R package.
Impaired Endothelium-Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cross-talk in Systemic Sclerosis: a Link Between Vascular and Fibrotic Features
Authors: Cipriani Paola , Di Benedetto Paola , Ruscitti Piero , Campese Antonio Francesco , Liakouli Vasiliki , Carubbi Francesco , Pantano Ilenia , Berardicurt Onorina , Screpanti Isabella , Giacomelli Roberto 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
To assess if an impaired cross-talk between endothelial cells (ECs) and perivascular/multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) might induce a perturbation of vascular repair and leading to a phenotypic switch of MSC toward myofibroblast in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc).

Methods
We investigated different angiogenic and profibrotic molecules in a tridimentional matrigel assay, performing co-cultures with endothelial cells (ECs) and bone marrow derived MSCs from patients and healthy controls (HC). After 48 hours of co-culture, cells were sorted and analyzed for mRNA and protein expression.

Results
ECs-SSc showed a decreased tube formation ability which is not improved by co-cultures with different MSCs. After sorting, we showed: i. an increased production of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in SSc-MSCs when co-cultured with SSc-ECs; ii. an increased level of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and platelet growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) in SSc-ECs when co-cultured with both HC- and SSc-MSCs; iii. an increase of TGF-β, PDGF-R, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen 1 (Col1) in both HC- and SSc-MSCs when co-cultured with SSc-ECs.

Conclusion
We showed that during SSc, the ECs-MSCs crosstalk resulted in an altered expression of different molecules involved in the angiogenic processes, and mainly SSc-ECs seem to modulate the phenotypic switch of perivascular MSCs toward a myofibroblast population, thus supporting the fibrotic process.
Prevalence, Management, and Clinical Consequences of QT Interval Prolongation During Treatment With Arsenic Trioxide
Authors: Roboz Gail J. , Ritchie Ellen K. , Carlin Rebecca F. , Samuel Michael , Gale Leanne , Provenzano-Gober Juliette L. , Curcio Tania J. , Feldman Eric J. , Kligfield Paul D. 
Published: September 2014

PurposeArsenic trioxide (ATO) is a highly effective agent for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). QT interval prolongation is common with ATO and can pose a barrier to effective administration. The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence, management, and clinical consequences of QT prolongation in a large cohort of patients treated with ATO.Patients and MethodsWe analyzed 3,011 electrocardiograms from 113 patients with non-APL acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome who were treated on a previously reported clinical trial. QT intervals were assessed using four different correction formulas, and data were correlated with clinical parameters and treatment with ATO.ResultsThere were no clinically significant cardiac events in the study population. Of those receiving ATO therapy, 29 patients (26%) had rate-uncorrected QT values above 470 ms and 13 (12%) had values exceeding 500 ms. With the commonly used Bazett rate correction formula, 102 patients (90%) had QTc greater than 470 ms, including 74 (65%) above 500 ms. By using alternative rate correction formulas, only 24% to 32% of patients had rate-corrected QT intervals above 500 ms.ConclusionQT interval prolongation is common with ATO treatment, but clinically significant arrhythmias are rare and can be avoided with appropriate precautions. Use of the Bazett correction may result in unnecessary interruptions in ATO therapy, and alternative rate correction formulas should be considered for routine electrocardiographic monitoring.
Impact of Adjuvant Radiotherapy on Survival of Patients With Node-Positive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Abdollah Firas , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Suardi Nazareno , Cozzarini Cesare , Gandaglia Giorgio , Fossati Nicola , Vizziello Damiano , Sun Maxine , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Menon Mani , Montorsi Francesco , Briganti Alberto 
Published: September 2014

Purpose The role of adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) in treating patients with pN1 prostate cancer is controversial. We tested the hypothesis that the impact of aRT on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in these individuals is related to tumor characteristics. Methods We evaluated 1,107 patients with pN1 prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy and anatomically extended pelvic lymph node dissection between 1988 and 2010 at two tertiary care centers. All patients received adjuvant hormonal therapy with or without aRT. Regression tree analysis stratified patients into risk groups on the basis of their tumor characteristics and the corresponding CSM rate. Cox regression analysis tested the relationship between aRT and CSM rate, as well as overall mortality (OM) rate in each risk group separately. Results Overall, 35% of patients received aRT. At multivariable analysis, aRT was associated with more favorable CSM rate (hazard ratio [HR], 0.37; P < .001). However, when patients were stratified into risk groups, only two groups of men benefited from aRT: (1) patients with positive lymph node (PLN) count ≤ 2, Gleason score 7 to 10, pT3b/pT4 stage, or positive surgical margins (HR, 0.30; P = .002); and (2) patients with PLN count of 3 to 4 (HR, 0.21; P = .02), regardless of other tumor characteristics. These results were confirmed when OM was examined as an end point. Conclusion The beneficial impact of aRT on survival in patients with pN1 prostate cancer is highly influenced by tumor characteristics. Men with low-volume nodal disease (≤ two PLNs) in the presence of intermediate- to high-grade, non–specimen-confined disease and those with intermediate-volume nodal disease (three to four PLNs) represent the ideal candidates for aRT after surgery.
Asexual Inverts and Sexual Perverts
Authors: Palmer Seth 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
At the turn of the twentieth century, a series of troublesome encounters unfolded between several French colonial medical doctors and gender-variant, male-bodied persons (sarimbavy in Malagasy). Medico-ethnographic texts were published in academic journals in the French metropole based upon these doctor-sarimbavy interactions. This article reveals how sarimbavy were situated within the biopolitics of colonial penal, labor, and medical infrastructures in Madagascar. Additionally, by following the bibliographic trail of the sarimbavy figure in documents published in England and the United States, this article exposes how initial encounters in the colony were entextualized and deployed as evidence for sexological arguments in Europe and North America. Throughout, sarimbavy were read variously as asexual and sexual, as externally perverted and internally inverted, as artistic, degenerate, and ill. The ways in which the spectral figure of the sarimbavy moved across multiple empires highlights the colonial impulse at the heart of the Euro-American endeavor to further sexological theory.
Direct Support Workforce Supporting Individuals With IDD: Current Wages, Benefits, and Stability
Authors: Bogenschutz Matthew D. , Hewitt Amy , Nord Derek , Hepperlen Renee 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Direct support professionals (DSPs) and frontline supervisors (FLSs) play an integral role in the lives of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and are often the individuals directly responsible for assisting people with IDD to live and fully participate in their communities. These two groups of workers have typically been employed at lower wages with limited access to fringe benefits, contributing to high rates of turnover compared to a similarly skilled worker in the United States. This article summarizes findings and is the first investigation in several years to systematically examine the wages, fringe benefits, and stability of the DSP and FLS workforces supporting individuals with IDD. Findings suggest that a typical DSP may expect to earn about $11.25 per hour, while FLSs may expect wages of about $15.45 hourly. Of concern, however, is that fringe benefit provision was quite limited in this sample. Implications, including relation to past reports of DSP workforce development, are discussed.
Changing Attitudes Toward Disabilities Through Unified Sports
Authors: Sullivan Emma , Masters Glidden Laraine 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A cognitive/affective/behavioral intervention was implemented to change attitudes of college students towards individuals with disabilities. College swim team members were randomly assigned to intervention (N  =  16), and no-intervention control groups (N  =  17), with intervention group students and 8 Special Olympics swimmers working together to pursue swimming-related goals in 4 sessions over a 6-week period. Results indicated that on a revision of the Symons, Fish, McGuigan, Fox, and Akl (2012) attitudes inventory, the intervention group participants displayed significant increases in positive attitudes from pre- to posttest, whereas the control group participants did not. Written participant comments corroborated this improvement. A key element in the improved attitudes was the increased comfort level experienced by the college swimmers in their interactions with the Special Olympics swimmers.
Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version of the Adaptive Behavior Scale
Authors: Santos Sofia , Morato Pedro , Luckasson Ruth 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The adaptive behavior construct has gained prominent attention in human services over the last several years in Portugal, and its measurement has become an integral part of the assessment of populations with intellectual disability. In Portugal, diagnosis remains exclusively based on IQ measures, although some attention recently has been given to the adaptive behavior concept. In this article, we explain the adaptation and validation process of the Portuguese version of the Adaptive Behavior Scale (PABS) on a sample of 1,875 people with and without intellectual disability. Results of the study are discussed in terms of the reliability and validity of PABS on the sample. The PABS appears to be a valid and reliable assessment of adaptive behavior in individuals in Portugal with intellectual disability.
In Their Own Words: The Place of Faith in the Lives of Young People With Autism and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Liu Eleanor X. , Carter Erik W. , Boehm Thomas L. , Annandale Naomi H. , Taylor Courtney E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Although the prominence of spirituality and religious connections among the people of the United States is well documented, little is known about the place of faith in the lives of youth with developmental disabilities. In this qualitative interview study, we examined the perspectives of 20 young people with intellectual disability or autism on their faith, spiritual expressions, and disability. Participants identified key spiritual expressions and themes reflecting the importance of faith in their lives. They also shared perceptions of their disability in the context of their faith, highlighting affirmation and acceptance of their disability. We offer recommendations to families, faith communities, and service systems for supporting the spiritual formation, expression, and connections of young people with disabilities.
Confraternities and Popular Conservatism on the Frontier: Mexico’s Sierra del Nayarit in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: van Oosterhout K. Aaron 
Published: September 2014

I’ve passed two frightful years due to this same gang, and was even robbed by them,” wrote the priest Dámaso Martínez on September 29, 1857. “I suffered all of this, but did not think my own life was in danger. Today, this is not the case. … I believe the Indians have sold my life to them.During the nine months prior to the writing of this report to the Guadalajara See, the parishioners of Santa Maria del Oro had presented a series of demands for money in the priest’s possession. Some 400 pesos had been gained from the forced sale of their lay brotherhood’s property, and they wanted the money so they could buy back the land. By August 1857, however, the parishioners’ attempts at legitimate reclamation, through both ecclesiastical and civil channels, had ended in disappointment. Rumors had long circulated that these Indian parishioners were allied with a prominent gang leader in the region, Manuel Lozada. Thus it likely came as little surprise when Martinez found himself huddled in his church in late September as Lozada’s gang ringed the town, accompanied by the town’s prominent Indians, and demanded that the priest and the local magistrate come out and surrender. Martinez was rescued only by the intervention of state troops, who scattered Lozada’s gang and allowed the priest to flee.
Reward and adversity processing circuits: their competition and interactions with dopamine and serotonin signaling
Authors: Vadovičová Karin , Gasparotti Roberto 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We propose that dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), anterior insula (AI), and adjacent caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex (clOFC) project to lateral habenula (LHb) and D2 loop of ventral striatum (VS), forming a functional adversity-processing circuit (APC), directed toward inhibitory avoidance and self-control. This circuit learns what is bad or harmful to us and evaluates and predicts risks – to stop us from selecting and going/moving for the bad or suboptimal choices that decrease our well-being and survival chances. The proposed role of dACC is to generate a “warning” signal when things are going (or might end) bad or wrong to prevent negative consequences: pain, harm, loss, or failure. The AI signals about bad, low, noxious, and aversive qualities, which might make us sick or cause discomfort. These cortical adversity-processing regions directly and indirectly activate (via D2 loop of VS) the LHb, which then inhibits dopamine (DA) and serotonin release (and is reciprocally inhibited by ventrotegmental area/substantia nigra compacta [VTA/SNc], dorsal and median raphe nucleus [DRN, MRN]) to avoid choosing and doing things leading to harm or loss, and to make us feel worse or even down when overstimulated. We propose that DA attenuates the output of the APC, thus decreasing inhibitory avoidance and self-control, while serotonin attenuates the dACC, AI, clOFC, D1 loop of VS, LHb, the amygdala, and pain pathway. Thus, by reciprocal inhibition, by causing DA and serotonin suppression and by being suppressed by them, the APC competes with the reward-processing circuit (RPC) for control of choice behavior and affective states. We propose the stimulating effect of DA and the calming inhibitory effect of serotonin on the active avoidance circuit involving the amygdala, linked to threat processing, anger, fear, self-defense, and violence. We describe the causes and roles of DA and serotonin signaling in health and in mental dysfunctions. We add new ideas on the role of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC) in signaling that we are doing well and in inducing serotonin, when we gain/reach safety, comfort, valuable resources (social or biological rewards), affection, and achieve goals.
S(anger) Goes Postal in The Woman Rebel: Angry Rhetoric as a Collectivizing Moral Emotion
Authors: Winderman Emily 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This essay maintains that the intensive anger that scholars have dismissed in Margaret Sanger’s The Woman Rebel functioned rhetorically to redefine morality in the Progressive Era. After advancing a theory of angry rhetoric as a public moral emotion, I offer a reading strategy of emotional adherence to track anger’s diffuse discursive power in The Woman Rebel. The angry rhetoric of The Woman Rebel not only laid a new cultural ideal for the morality of contraception, it also constituted a militant identity for those oriented by their anger at The Woman Rebel’s suppression and Sanger’s criminal indictments. This essay closes by meditating upon the lasting role that anger has played in energizing the International Planned Parenthood Federation over the past 60 years.