bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral symptoms and sleep problems in children with anxiety disorder
Authors: Iwadare Yoshitaka , Kamei Yuichi , Usami Masahide , Ushijima Hirokage , Tanaka Tetsuya , Watanabe Kyota , Kodaira Masaki , Saito Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundSleep disorders are frequently associated with childhood behavioral problems and mental illnesses such as anxiety disorder. To identify promising behavioral targets for pediatric anxiety disorder therapy, we investigated the associations between specific sleep and behavioral problems.MethodsWe conducted retrospective reviews of 105 patients aged 4–12 years who met the DSM‐IV criteria for primary diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (n = 33), separation anxiety disorder (n = 23), social phobia (n = 21), or obsessive compulsive disorder (n = 28). Sleep problems were evaluated using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and behavioral problems by the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, Oppositional Defiant Behavior Inventory (ODBI), and Depression Self‐Rating Scale for Children.ResultsDepressive behavior was weakly correlated with CSHQ subscores for sleep onset delay and night waking but not with total sleep disturbance. Anxiety was correlated with bedtime resistance, night waking, and total sleep disturbance score. Oppositional defiance was correlated with bedtime resistance, daytime sleepiness, sleep onset delay, and most strongly with total sleep disturbance. On multiple regression analysis ODBI score had the strongest positive association with total sleep disturbance and the strongest negative association with total sleep duration.ConclusionsSleep problems in children with anxiety disorders are closely related to anxiety and oppositional defiant symptoms.
Proton beam therapy for pediatric ependymoma
Authors: Mizumoto Masashi , Oshiro Yoshiko , Takizawa Daichi , Fukushima Takashi , Fukushima Hiroko , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Muroi Ai , Okumura Toshiyuki , Tsuboi Koji , Sakurai Hideyuki 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of proton beam therapy for pediatric patients with ependymoma.MethodsProton beam therapy was conducted for six patients (three boys and three girls; age, 2–6 years; median, 5 years) with ependymoma. The tumors were WHO grades 2 and 3 in two and four patients, respectively. All patients underwent surgery (subtotal and gross total resection in three patients each) and proton beam therapy at doses of 50.4–61.2 GyE (median, 56.7 GyE). The mean doses to normal brain tissue in proton beam therapy and photon radiotherapy were simulated using the same treatment planning computed tomography images.ResultsAll patients completed the planned irradiation. The follow‐up period was 13–44 months (median, 24.5 months) from completion of proton beam therapy and all patients were alive at the end of this period. Local recurrence in the treatment field occurred in one patient at 4 months after proton beam therapy at 50.4 GyE. Alopecia and mild dermatitis occurred in all patients, but there was no severe toxicity. One patient had a once‐off seizure after proton beam therapy and alopecia persisted in another patient for 31 months, but no patients had difficulty with daily life. The simulation showed that proton beam therapy reduces the dose to normal brain tissue by approximately half compared with photon radiotherapy.ConclusionsProton beam therapy for pediatric ependymoma is safe, does not have specific toxicities, and can reduce irradiation of normal brain tissue.
Climate Change Justice
Authors: Moellendorf Darrel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change is a global process affecting the lives and well‐being of millions of people now and countless number of people in the future. For humans, the consequences may include significant threats to food security globally and regionally, increased risks of from food‐borne and water‐borne as well as vector‐borne diseases, increased displacement of people due migrations, increased risks of violent conflicts, slowed economic growth and poverty eradication, and the creation of new poverty traps. Principles of justice are statements of what persons are owed either by others or by institutions and policies. Climate change gives rise to many concern of justice. This article briefly summarizes some of the most important of these, including claims to have climate change mitigated, claims regarding the sharing of the costs of climate change mitigation, claims for investment into adaptation, and claims to be compensated.
Continental Approaches in Bioethics
Authors: Hall Melinda C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBioethics influences public policy, scientific research, and clinical practice. Thinkers in Continental traditions have increasingly contributed scholarship to this field, and their approaches allow new insights and alternative normative guidance. In this essay, examples of the following Continental approaches in bioethics are presented and considered: phenomenology and existentialism; deconstruction; Foucauldian methodologies; and biopolitical analyses. Also highlighted are Continental feminisms and the philosophy of disability. Continental approaches are importantly diverse, but those I focus upon here reveal embedded models of individualized autonomy in medical discourses and encourage awareness of medicine's normalizing edges, thereby drawing attention to lacunae in traditional bioethical frameworks.
Biological control of sclerotinia stem rot of canola using antagonistic bacteria
Authors: Kamal M. M. , Lindbeck K. D. , Savocchia S. , Ash G. J. 
Published: March 2015

Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a major fungal disease of canola worldwide. In Australia the management of stem rot relies primarily on strategic application of synthetic fungicides. In an attempt to find alternative strategies for the management of the disease, 514 naturally occurring bacterial isolates were screened for antagonism to S. sclerotiorum. Antifungal activity against mycelial growth of the fungus was exhibited by three isolates of bacteria. The bacteria were identified as Bacillus cereus (SC‐1 and P‐1) and Bacillus subtilis (W‐67) via 16S rRNA sequencing. In vitro antagonism assays using these isolates resulted in significant inhibition of mycelial elongation and complete inhibition of sclerotial germination by both non‐volatile and volatile metabolites. The antagonistic strains caused a significant reduction in the viability of sclerotia when tested in a greenhouse pot trial with soil collected from the field. Spray treatments of bacterial strains reduced disease incidence and yielded higher control efficacy both on inoculated cotyledons and stems. Application of SC‐1 and W‐67 in the field at 10% flowering stage (growth stage 4·00) of canola demonstrated that control efficacy of SC‐1 was significantly higher in all three trials (over 2 years) when sprayed twice at 7‐day intervals. The greatest control of disease was observed with the fungicide Prosaro® 420SC or with two applications of SC‐1. The results demonstrated that, in the light of environmental concerns and increasing cost of fungicides, B. cereus SC‐1 may have potential as a biological control agent of sclerotinia stem rot of canola in Australia.
Micro‐provision of Social Care Support for Marginalized Communities – Filling the Gap or Building Bridges to the Mainstream?
Authors: Needham Catherine , Carr Sarah 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAs English social care services reconstruct themselves in response to the personalization agenda, there is increased interest in the contribution of micro‐providers – very small community‐based organizations, which can work directly with individuals. These micro‐providers are assumed to be able to cater for the ‘seldom heard’ groups which have been marginalized within mainstream social care services. This article reviews recent literature from the UK published in peer‐reviewed journals from 2000 to 2013 on support provision for people with protected characteristics under the Equality Act 2010. It considers the marginalising dynamics in mainstream, statutory social care support provision, and how far local community, specialist or small‐scale services are responding to unmet need for support and advice among marginalized groups. The review found that there is a tradition of compensatory self‐organization, use of informal networks and a mobilization of social capital for all these groups in response to marginalization from mainstream, statutory services. This requires recognition and nurturing in ways that do not stifle its unique nature. Specialist and community‐based micro‐providers can contribute to a wider range of choices for people who feel larger, mainstream services are not suitable or accessible. However, the types of compensatory activity identified in the research need recognition and investment, and its existence does not imply that the mainstream should not address marginalization.
Carbon sequestration in a limestone quarry mine soil amended with sewage sludge
Authors: Ojeda G. , Ortiz O. , Medina C. R. , Perera I. , Alcañiz J. M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTo reclaim a limestone quarry, 200 and 400 Mg/ha of municipal sewage sludge were mixed with an infertile calcareous substrate and spread as mine soil in 1992. Soil samples were taken 1 week later and again after 17 yr of mine soil rehabilitation so as to assess changes in the amount and persistence of soil organic carbon (SOC). Sludge application increased SOC as a function of the sludge rate at both sampling times. Seventeen years after the sludge amendments, the nonhydrolysable carbon was increased in the 400 Mg/ha of sludge treatment. The recalcitrance of SOC was less in sludge‐amended soils than in the control treatment at the initial sampling, but 17 yr later this trend had reversed, showing qualitative changes in soil organic carbon. The CO2‐C production had not differed between treatments, yet the percentage of mineralized SOC was less in the high sludge dose. When the size of active (Cactive) and slow (Cslow) potentially mineralizable C pools was calculated by curve fitting of a double‐exponential equation, the proportion of Cactivewas observed to be smaller in the 400 Mg/ha sludge treatment. Soil aggregate stability, represented by the mean weight diameter of water‐stable soil aggregates, was significantly greater in mine soil treated with the high dose of sludge (18.5%) and SOC tended to be concentrated in macro‐aggregates (5–2 mm). Results suggest that SOC content in sludge‐amended plots was preserved due by (i) replacement of the labile organic carbon of sludge by more stable compounds and (ii) protection of SOC in aggregates.
A ‘golden’ SNP in CmOr governs the fruit flesh color of melon (Cucumis melo)
Authors: Tzuri Galil , Zhou Xiangjun , Chayut Noam , Yuan Hui , Portnoy Vitaly , Meir Ayala , Sa'ar Uzi , Baumkoler Fabian , Mazourek Michael , Lewinsohn Efraim , Fei Zhangjun , Schaffer Arthur A. , Li Li , Burger Joseph , Katzir Nurit , Tadmor Yaakov 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe flesh color of Cucumis melo (melon) is genetically determined, and can be white, light green or orange, with β–carotene being the predominant pigment. We associated carotenoid accumulation in melon fruit flesh with polymorphism within CmOr, a homolog of the cauliflower BoOr gene, and identified CmOr as the previously described gf locus in melon. CmOr was found to co‐segregate with fruit flesh color, and presented two haplotypes (alleles) in a broad germplasm collection, one being associated with orange flesh and the second being associated with either white or green flesh. Allelic variation of CmOr does not affect its transcription or protein level. The variation also does not affect its plastid subcellular localization. Among the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between CmOr alleles in orange versus green/white‐flesh fruit, a single SNP causes a change of an evolutionarily highly conserved arginine to histidine in the CmOr protein. Functional analysis of CmOr haplotypes in an Arabidopsis callus system confirmed the ability of the CmOr orange haplotype to induce β–carotene accumulation. Site‐directed mutagenesis of the CmOr green/white haplotype to change the CmOR arginine to histidine triggered β–carotene accumulation. The identification of the ‘golden’ SNP in CmOr, which is responsible for the non‐orange and orange melon fruit phenotypes, provides new tools for studying the Or mechanism of action, and suggests genome editing of the Or gene for nutritional biofortification of crops.
The Chlamydomonas heat stress response
Authors: Schroda Michael , Hemme Dorothea , Mühlhaus Timo 
Published: March 2015

SummaryHeat waves occurring at increased frequency as a consequence of global warming jeopardize crop yield safety. One way to encounter this problem is to genetically engineer crop plants toward increased thermotolerance. To identify entry points for genetic engineering, a thorough understanding of how plant cells perceive heat stress and respond to it is required. Using the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model system to study the fundamental mechanisms of the plant heat stress response has several advantages. Most prominent among them is the suitability of Chlamydomonas for studying stress responses system‐wide and in a time‐resolved manner under controlled conditions. Here we review current knowledge on how heat is sensed and signaled to trigger temporally and functionally grouped sub‐responses termed response elements to prevent damage and to maintain cellular homeostasis in plant cells.
Reevaluation of the CLV3‐receptor interaction in the shoot apical meristem: dissection of the CLV3 signaling pathway from a direct ligand‐binding point of view
Authors: Shinohara Hidefumi , Matsubayashi Yoshikatsu 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe CLAVATA signaling pathway is a key component of the network that controls stem cell renewal and differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. CLAVATA3 (CLV3) is a post‐translationally arabinosylated secreted peptide signal that regulates WUSHEL (WUS) transcription to affect the balance of stem cell differentiation and proliferation in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Known membrane‐localized receptors involved in the perception of CLV3 signaling include CLV1, the CLV2/CORYNE (CRN) complex and RPK2. The CLV3 peptide can directly bind to CLV1; however, it is unclear whether the CLV3 peptide directly binds to CLV2 or RPK2. In this study, we re‐evaluated the direct interaction between CLV3 and its receptors by photoaffinity labeling with photoactivatable arabinosylated CLV3. We showed that CLV2 and RPK2 exhibited no direct binding to the CLV3 peptide. Further analysis showed that the receptor kinase BAM1 directly binds the CLV3 peptide. A loss‐of‐function clv1 bam1 double mutant exhibited a large number of stem cells that accumulated in the SAM and was insensitive to exogenous treatment with the arabinosylated CLV3 peptide. WUS gene transcripts were up‐regulated, and the region of WUS expression was enlarged at the SAM in the clv1 bam1 double mutant. These results indicate that CLV1 and BAM1 are direct receptors that are sufficient to affect the regulatory network controlling stem cell number in the SAM. In contrast, the CLV2/CRN complex and RPK2 are not involved in direct ligand interactions but may act as co‐receptors.
In vivo ocular imaging of the cornea of the normal female laboratory beagle using confocal microscopy
Authors: Strom Ann R. , Cortés Dennis E. , Thomasy Sara M. , Kass Philip H. , Mannis Mark J. , Murphy Christopher J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo obtain normative data for the normal laboratory beagle cornea using high‐resolution in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).Animals studiedSixteen eyes of eight healthy young female intact beagles.ProceduresThe central cornea was imaged using IVCM. Mixed effects linear regression was used for statistical analysis.Resultsin vivo confocal microscopy allowed detailed visualization and quantification of epithelial cells (superficial epithelial cell diameter: 43.25 ± 6.64 μm, basal cell diameter: 4.43 ± 0.67 μm), and nerve fibers (subepithelial nerve fiber diameter: 2.38 ± 0.69 μm, anterior stromal nerve fiber diameter: 16.93 ± 4.55 μm). Keratocyte density (anterior stroma 993.38 ± 134.24 cells/mm2, posterior stroma 789.38 ± 87.13 cells/mm2) and endothelial cell density (2815.18 ± 212.59 cells/mm2) were also measured.ConclusionHigh‐resolution IVCM provides detailed noninvasive evaluation of the cornea in the normal laboratory beagle.
Haemostatic function and biomarkers of endothelial damage before and after RBC transfusion in patients with haematologic disease
Authors: Larsen A. M. , Leinøe E. B. , Johansson P. I. , Birgens H. , Ostrowski S. R. 
Published: March 2015

Background and objectivesTransfusion of red blood cells (RBC) is beneficial for the patient but can also be harmful, as randomized trials have demonstrated increased infection rates, bleeding and mortality. The study aim was to investigate the response of the vascular system (the haemostatic function and the endothelium) to RBC transfusion.Materials and MethodsBlood was sampled from patients with various transfusion‐dependent haematologic diseases before 1 and 24 h after RBC transfusion. Primary and secondary haemostasis was evaluated by whole‐blood impedance aggregometry (Multiplate) and by thromboelastography (TEG). Samples were analysed by ELISA for biomarkers reflecting endothelial activation and damage (sICAM‐1, syndecan‐1, sThrombomodulin (sTM), sVE‐Cadherin), platelet activation (sCD40L) and inflammation (hsCRP).ResultsA total of 58 patients were enrolled in the study. Median age was 71 years. Compared to before transfusion, patients had slightly reduced coagulability 1 h after RBC transfusion, assessed by TEG. However, transfusion of older RBC products (>14 days) was associated with increased coagulability (all P < 0·05). The level of syndecan‐1 increased slightly 24 h after transfusion (median 12·4 (IQR 9–23) vs. 13·2 (9–25) ng/ml, P < 0·01), indicating increased glycocalyx degradation.ConclusionOverall, RBC transfusion was associated with reduced coagulability and endothelial glycocalyx degradation. Transfusion of older RBCs was however associated with increased coagulability. The changes observed were small to moderate and the clinical relevance of these findings should be investigated in larger studies.
Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Risk Factors for ThermophilicCampylobacterInfections in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Humans in Tanzania
Authors: Komba E. V. G. , Mdegela R. H. , Msoffe P. L. M. , Nielsen L. N. , Ingmer H. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe genusCampylobactercomprises members known to be a leading cause of foodborne gastrointestinal illness worldwide. A study was conducted to determine the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance ofCampylobacterin humans in Morogoro, Eastern Tanzania. Isolation ofCampylobacterfrom stool specimens adopted the Cape Town protocol.Campylobacterisolates were preliminarily identified by conventional phenotypic tests and subsequently confirmed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization–time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry and polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial resistance testing employed the disc diffusion method. A small proportion of the test isolates was also subjected to agar dilution method. Risk factors for human illness were determined in an unmatched case–control study. ThermophilicCampylobacterwere isolated from 11.4% of the screened individuals (n = 1195). The agreement betweenPCRandMALDI‐TOFwas perfect (κ = 1.0). Symptomatics and young individuals were infected with higher numbers than asymptomatic and adults, respectively. The majority (84.6%) of the isolates wereC. jejuniand the remaining wereC. coli. Isolates had highest resistance (95.6%) for colistin sulphate and lowest for ciprofloxacin (22.1%). The rates of resistance for other antibiotics (azithromycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, cephalothin, gentamycin, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, amoxycillin, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol) ranged from 44.1% to 89%. Comparison between disc diffusion and agar dilution methods indicated a good correlation, and the tests were in agreement to each other (κ ≥ 0.75). Human illness was found to be associated with young age and consumption of chicken meat and pre‐prepared salad. Our data indicate the presence of antibiotic‐resistant thermophilicCampylobacterin humans in the study area. There is a need for routine investigation of the presence of the organisms in gastroenteritis aetiology, including determination of their antibiotic susceptibilities.
Zoonotic and Potentially Host-Adapted Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes in Sheep and Cattle in Northeast China and an Increasing Concern about the Zoonotic Importance of Previously Considered Ruminant-Adapted Genotypes
Authors: Jiang Yanxue , Tao Wei , Wan Qiang , Li Qiao , Yang Yuqi , Lin Yongchao , Zhang Siwen , Li Wei 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

This study investigated fecal specimens from 489 sheep and 537 cattle in multiple cities in northeast China for the prevalence and genetic characteristics of
Enterocytozoon bieneusi
by PCR and sequencing of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer. Sixty-eight sheep specimens (13.9%) and 32 cattle specimens (6.0%) were positive for
E. bieneusi
. Sequence polymorphisms enabled the identification of 9 known genotypes (BEB4, BEB6, CM7, CS-4, EbpC, G, I, J, and OEB1) and 11 new genotypes (NESH1 to NESH6 and NECA1 to NECA5). The genotypes formed two genetic clusters in a phylogenetic analysis, with CS-4, EbpC, G, NESH1 to NESH3, and NECA1 to NECA5 distributed in zoonotic group 1 and BEB4, BEB6, CM7, EbpI, J, OEB1, and NESH4 to NESH6 distributed in potentially host-adapted group 2. Nearly 70% of cases of
E. bieneusi
infections in sheep were contributed by human-pathogenic genotypes BEB6, CS-4, and EbpC, and over 80% of those in cattle were by genotypes BEB4, CS-4, EbpC, I, and J. The cooccurrence of genotypes BEB4, CS-4, EbpC, I, and J in domestic ruminants and children in northeast China and the identification of BEB6 and EbpC in humans and water in central China imply the possibility of zoonotic transmission. This study also summarizes
E. bieneusi
genotypes obtained from ruminants worldwide and displays their host ranges, geographical distributions, and phylogenetic relationships. The data suggest a host range expansion in some group 2 genotypes (notably BEB4, BEB6, I, and J) that were previously considered to be adapted to ruminants. We should be concerned about the increasing zoonotic importance of group 2 genotypes with low host specificity.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Terrestrial Cyanobacterium Scytonema millei VB511283, Isolated from Eastern India
Authors: Sen Diya , Chandrababunaidu Mathu Malar , Singh Deeksha , Sanghi Neha , Ghorai Arpita , Mishra Gyan Prakash , Madduluri Madhavi , Adhikary Siba Prasad , Tripathy Sucheta 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
We report here the draft genome sequence of Scytonema millei VB511283, a cyanobacterium isolated from biofilms on the exterior of stone monuments in Santiniketan, eastern India. The draft genome is 11,627,246 bp long (11.63 Mb), with 118 scaffolds. About 9,011 protein-coding genes, 117 tRNAs, and 12 rRNAs are predicted from this assembly.
Complete Genome of Geobacter pickeringii G13
T
, a Metal-Reducing Isolate from Sedimentary Kaolin Deposits
Authors: Badalamenti Jonathan P. , Bond Daniel R. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

We used PacBio sequencing to assemble the genome of the pristine freshwater isolate
Geobacter pickeringii
G13
T
into a single 3,618,700-bp circular chromosome polished to 99.999% accuracy (quality value [QV], 50). This isolate shares several features with other Geobacter spp., including genes for degradation of aromatics and an abundance of multiheme
c
-type cytochromes.