bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heightened mortality risk after a non‐fatal opioid overdose: Risk factors for mortality in the week following emergency treatment
Authors: Eide Desiree , Gjersing Linn , Danielsen Aksel Wüsthoff , Skulberg Arne Kristian , Dale Ola , Braarud Anne‐Catherine , Heyerdahl Fridtjof , Tylleskar Ida 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsTo measure all‐cause mortality risk after an ambulance‐attended non‐fatal opioid overdose and associations with number of days following attendance, and individual and clinical characteristics.DesignA prospective observational study.SettingOslo, Norway.ParticipantsPatients treated with naloxone for opioid overdose by Oslo Emergency Services between 1 June 2014 and 31 December 2018.MeasurementsMedical records were linked to the national Cause of Death Registry (1 June 2014–31 December 2019). Crude mortality rates (CMR) and incidence risk ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for the time periods (0–7 days, 8–31 days, 32–91 days, 92–183 days, >183 days) using multivariate Poisson regression analysis. IRR were estimated for sex, age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), respiration rate, place of attendance and non‐transportation following treatment. Robust variance estimates applied due to multiple risk periods. Standardized Mortality Rates (SMR) were estimated.FindingsOverall, 890 patients treated for 1764 overdoses contributed to a total time at risk of 3142 person‐years (PY). Median number of attendances was 1 (range 1–27). The majority were male (75.5%) and the mean age was 37.7 years. In total, 112 (12.6%) died; 5.2% within 183 days and 2.2% between 184 and 365 days. Acute poisoning was the most common single cause of death (52.7%). The CMR was 3.6 (95% CI = 3.0–4.2) per 100‐PY. The women had a SMR of 32 (95% CI = 15.8–57.9) and the men 24.9 (95% CI = 17.7–34.2). The CMR (22.2, 95% CI = 10.6–46.8) was particularly high in the first 7 days, and significantly higher than in the following periods. However, this finding was only valid for those with severe overdose symptoms (GCS score = 3/15 and/or respiratory rate ≤6/min). Except for increasing age, no other indicators were associated with the mortality risk.ConclusionPatients treated by Oslo Emergency Services between June 2014 and December 2018 for a non‐fatal opioid overdose with severe overdose symptoms at attendance had an overall high mortality risk compared with the general population, but particularly during the first 7 days after attendance.
PDE4B inhibition by nerandomilast: Effects on lung fibrosis and transcriptome in fibrotic rats and on biomarkers in human lung epithelial cells
Authors: Reininger Dennis , Fundel‐Clemens Katrin , Mayr Christoph H. , Wollin Lutz , Laemmle Baerbel , Quast Karsten , Nickolaus Peter , Herrmann Franziska Elena 
Published: August 2024

Background and PurposeThe PDE4 family is considered a prime target for therapeutic intervention in several fibro‐inflammatory diseases. We have investigated the molecular mechanisms of nerandomilast (BI 1015550), a preferential PDE4B inhibitor.Experimental ApproachIn addition to clinically relevant parameters of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF; lung function measurement/high‐resolution computed tomography scan/AI‐Ashcroft score), whole‐lung homogenates from a therapeutic male Wistar rat model of pulmonary fibrosis were analysed by next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Data were matched with public domain data derived from human IPF samples to investigate how well the rat model reflected human IPF. We scored the top counter‐regulated genes following treatment with nerandomilast in human single cells and validated disease markers discovered in the rat model using a human disease‐relevant in vitro assay of IPF.Key ResultsNerandomilast improved the decline of lung function parameters in bleomycin‐treated animals. In the NGS study, most transcripts deregulated by bleomycin treatment were normalised by nerandomilast treatment. Most notably, a significant number of deregulated transcripts that were identified in human IPF disease were also found in the animal model and reversed by nerandomilast. Mapping to single‐cell data revealed the strongest effects on mesenchymal, epithelial and endothelial cell populations. In a primary human epithelial cell culture system, several disease‐related (bio)markers were inhibited by nerandomilast in a concentration‐dependent manner.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis study further supports the available knowledge about the anti‐inflammatory/antifibrotic mechanisms of nerandomilast and provides novel insights into the mode of action and signalling pathways influenced by nerandomilast treatment of lung fibrosis.
From convergence insufficiency to functional reorganization: A longitudinal randomized controlled trial of treatment‐induced connectivity plasticity
Authors: Hajebrahimi Farzin , Sangoi Ayushi , Scheiman Mitchell , Santos Elio , Gohel Suril , Alvarez Tara L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionConvergence Insufficiency (CI) is the most prevalent oculomotor dysfunction of binocular vision that negatively impacts quality of life when performing visual near tasks. Decreased resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) is reported in the CI participants compared to binocularly normal control participants. Studies report that therapeutic interventions such as office‐based vergence and accommodative therapy (OBVAT) can improve CI participants' clinical signs, visual symptoms, and task‐related functional activity. However, longitudinal studies investigating the RSFC changes after such treatments in participants with CI have not been conducted. This study aimed to investigate the neural basis of OBVAT using RSFC in CI participants compared to the placebo treatment to understand how OBVAT improves visual function and symptoms.MethodsA total of 51 CI participants between 18 and 35 years of age were included in the study and randomly allocated to receive either 12 one‐hour sessions of OBVAT or placebo treatment for 6 to 8 weeks (1 to 2 sessions per week). Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging and clinical assessments were evaluated at baseline and outcome for each treatment group. Region of interest (ROI) analysis was conducted in nine ROIs of the oculomotor vergence network, including the following: cerebellar vermis (CV), frontal eye fields (FEF), supplementary eye fields (SEF), parietal eye fields (PEF), and primary visual cortices (V1). Paired t‐tests assessed RSFC changes in each group. A linear regression analysis was conducted for significant ROI pairs in the group‐level analysis for correlations with clinical measures.ResultsPaired t‐test results showed increased RSFC in 10 ROI pairs after the OBVAT but not placebo treatment (p < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected). These ROI pairs included the following: Left (L)‐SEF–Right (R)‐V1, L‐SEF–CV, R‐SEF–R‐PEF, R‐SEF–L‐V1, R‐SEF–R‐V1, R‐SEF–CV, R‐PEF–CV, L‐V1–CV, R‐V1–CV, and L‐V1–R‐V1. Significant correlations were observed between the RSFC strength of the R‐SEF–R‐PEF ROI pair and the following clinical visual function parameters: positive fusional vergence and near point of convergence (p < 0.05).ConclusionOBVAT, but not placebo treatment, increased the RSFC in the ROIs of the oculomotor vergence network, which was correlated with the improvements in the clinical measures of the CI participants.
Mental health and financial risk attitudes: Panel data evidence from Australia
Authors: Kesavayuth Dusanee , Zikos Vasileios 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe examine the impact of mental health on financial risk attitudes using panel data from Australia. In an instrumental‐variables framework that tries to address the endogeneity of mental health, we find that poor mental health can lead to a higher willingness to take risks. Specifically, a standard deviation decrease in mental health leads to a 10.3 percentage point increase in the likelihood of taking financial risks. This finding remains robust across various sensitivity checks and highlights the significant role that mental health plays in risk‐taking preferences in financial matters.
Q‐Tephrikey, an interactive tool for the identification of regulated fruit fly pests in the European Union
Authors: Rousse Pascal , Taddei Andrea , Mouttet Raphaëlle , Lethmayer Christa , Blümel Sylvia , Gottsberger Richard A. , Reisenzein Helga , Reynaud Philippe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe European Union (EU) regulation for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) was modified in 2022, and the broad ‘non‐European Tephritidae’ group was replaced by a list of 75 regulated taxa (66 species and nine genera). The National Reference Laboratories in the EU must now be able to identify all of them, whatever the development stage, in order to carry out official surveillance. To help laboratories, the European Union Reference Laboratory for Insects and Mites developed an interactive and multi‐entry online key called Q‐Tephrikey. The key is now freely available on the XPer3 website. It covers a total of 113 tephritid taxa, encompassing the regulated ones, 12 species listed as non‐regulated exceptions and the species that have been intercepted in Europe. The taxa are encoded in two morphological matrices for adults and for larvae. This latter one is less extensive because only 38 species among the 113 taxa are described at the larval stage. To help the diagnosticians, the morphological matrices are accompanied by a pathway matrix encoded for the distributions and host ranges of each taxon. We present here the detailed content and functioning of Q‐Tephrikey, and discuss its strengths and weaknesses in terms of its objectives. The key is available at https://q‐tephrikey.identificationkey.org/mkey.html.
THE CRISIS OF SOCIABILITY AND LAUGHTER IN THOMAS MANN'S DER ZAUBERBERG
Authors: Prado Dante 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe article explores the significance of laughter in Thomas Mann's Der Zauberberg. While laughter is a prominent feature in the novel, it has not received sufficient critical consideration either in Mann scholarship or, more generally, in studies of modernism. Through close examination of selected episodes of laughter, this study establishes the importance of laughter in the novel, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The analysis examines the extent to which the representation of laughter in the novel conforms to or deviates from recent characterisations of laughter in modernist texts. While certain interpretations of modernist laughter as disruptive and/or pathological can be applied to this text, this is not entirely true of its use in Der Zauberberg. Rather, the significance of laughter shifts constantly throughout the novel, culminating in a crisis of laughter that is part of a larger crisis of sociability and ‘Bildung’. The novel suggests that laughter formerly played a critical role in fostering communication, sociability, self‐awareness, and civility. In contrast, the crisis of laughter towards the end of the novel invites reflection on the loss of these social and humane functions. The crisis of laughter in Der Zauberberg, I argue, is of particular relevance to the interpretation of laughter in other modernist novels which engage in critical dialogue with the ‘Bildungsroman’ tradition.
Optimizing statin prescriptions for people living with HIV: Evidence for improved communication and shared care between primary care and specialist HIV services
Authors: Li N. , Thomas L. , Allan A. , John B. , Creighton S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesOur objective was to assess the numbers of eligible people living with HIV attending one HIV clinic and receiving statins, the factors increasing the likelihood of statin prescription, the knowledge and involvement of primary care in cardiovascular risk prevention in people living with HIV, and the barriers to and drivers of shared care between general practitioners (GPs) and an HIV centre.MethodsThis was a retrospective case note review identifying cardiovascular risk, medications, and communication between the HIV clinic and GPs via an electronic survey of GPs identifying their knowledge about statin indications in people living with HIV.ResultsIn total, 62% of GPs were unaware of the indication for statins in people living with HIV aged >40 years. A total of 33% of patients received statins, rising to 61% of patients with independent indications for statins. 92% of all statin prescriptions were provided by the GP. Statins were recommended in 25% of clinic letters but were not prescribed in 72% of these cases. There was discordance between antiretrovirals prescribed by the HIV clinic and those documented on the GP record in 60% of cases and in 40% of non‐antiretroviral medications.ConclusionsOur results indicate that GPs can engage people living with HIV in cardiovascular risk reduction measures but may not consider HIV a cardiovascular risk. Written communication alone is insufficient to improve safe patient care. Shared HIV care needs bidirectional shared medical records. Ongoing work needs to ensure that HIV is recognized as an independent cardiovascular risk factor.
Hypoxic tumour‐derived exosomal miR‐1290 exacerbates the suppression of CD8+ T cells by promoting M2 macrophage polarization
Authors: Yang Yeni , Wu Tiansong , Wang Youpeng , Luo Dingan , Zhao Ziyin , Sun Hongfa , Zhang Mao , Zhang Bin , Han Bing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHypoxia plays an important role in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Exosomes have been widely studied as mediators of communication between tumours and immune cells. However, the specific mechanism by which hypoxic HCC cell‐derived exosomes suppress antitumor immunity is unclear. Hypoxia scores were determined for The Cancer Genome‐Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA‐LIHC) dataset patients, and HCC patients in the hyperhypoxic group had a higher degree of M2 macrophage infiltration. Patients in the M2 high‐invasion group had a lower probability of survival than those in the low‐invasion group. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that exosomes secreted by hypoxic HCC cells promote M2 macrophage polarization. This polarization induces apoptosis in CD8+ T cells. Additionally, it encourages epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which increases HCC migration. Exosomal miRNA sequencing revealed that miR‐1290 was highly expressed in exosomes secreted by hypoxic HCC cells. Mechanistically, miR‐1290 in macrophages inhibited Akt2 while upregulating PD‐L1 to promote M2 polarization, induce apoptosis in CD8+ T cells, and enhance EMT in HCC. Animal studies found that the miR‐1290 antagomir in combination with the immune checkpoint inhibitor produced better antitumor effects than the monotherapies. In conclusion, the secretion of exosome‐derived miR‐1290 from HCC cells in a hypoxic environment supported immune escape by HCC cells by promoting M2 macrophage polarization to induce apoptosis in CD8+ T cells and enhance EMT that promoted HCC metastasis. Therefore, miR‐1290 is an important molecule in antitumor immunity in HCC, and inhibition of miR‐1290 could provide a novel immunotherapeutic approach for HCC treatment.
Improving the mechanical properties of a sodium borosilicate glass through spinodal decomposition
Authors: Shi Menghan , Sun Daming , Christensen Johan F. S. , Jensen Lars R. , Wang Deyong , Smedskjaer Morten M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe brittleness of oxide glasses remains a critical problem, limiting their suitability for high‐performance and safety‐critical applications. In this study, we attempt to address this by synthesizing nanostructures in sodium borosilicate glasses through phase separation. While most previous work on the mechanical properties of phase‐separated glasses has focused on phase separation through nucleation and growth, we here create interconnected structures through spinodal decomposition. Interestingly, this leads to improvements in Vickers hardness (from 5.8 to 6.2 GPa), crack initiation resistance (from 4.9 to 8.1 N), and fracture toughness (from 0.85 to 1.09 MPa⋅m1/2). We show that the interconnected glassy phases deflect the propagating cracks, causing the required energy for cracks to cross phase boundaries to increase when subjected to external stress. This study deepens the understanding of how to address the brittleness problem of oxide glasses and provides a promising way to design high‐performance glass materials.
A rapid review of telehealth in women with recent de novo hypertensive disease of pregnancy
Authors: Awoyemi Toluwalase , Teeri Samira , Daniel Emmanuel , Ogunmola Isaac , Ebili Ujunwa , Olojakpoke Eloho , Guzman Rocio Barriga , Ezekwueme Francis , Nunes Denise 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHypertensive disorders of pregnancy pose significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. Postpartum hypertension, a common complication, often leads to emergency room (ER) visits or hospital readmissions. Despite the prevalence of these complications, there is a paucity of studies that focus on blood pressure monitoring in postpartum patients with de novo hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. This review aimed to address the gap by evaluating available evidence to compare telehealth monitoring with in‐person visits in preventing ER visits and hospital readmissions among postpartum patients with de novo hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The study identified relevant studies by conducting a rigorous search strategy (Medline/OVID, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and research registries such as the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform [ICTRP] and clinical trials) directed by the clinical information specialist. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, resolving discrepancies with the assistance of a third reviewer. Data extraction followed standardized protocols, and risk of bias assessments were conducted using appropriate tools. This rapid review synthesized evidence from 11 studies on telehealth for women with recent de novo hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Findings highlighted that telemonitoring led to earlier blood pressure documentation and intervention, reduced disparities in blood pressure measurement, decreased hypertension‐related readmissions, higher rates of postpartum antihypertensive treatment initiation, and increased patient satisfaction. Telehealth emerges as a promising tool for managing postpartum hypertension among women with recent de novo hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Identification and validation of basement membrane‐associated gene AGRN as prognostic and immune‐associated biomarkers in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Li Jianrong , You Daofeng , Hu Linjie , Yang Yusi , Gao Sheng , Bai Wenqi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (COCA) has a poor prognosis, with growing evidence implicating basement membranes (BMs) in cancer progression. Our goal was to investigate the role and predictive significance of BMs in COCA patients. We obtained BMs‐related genes from cutting‐edge research and used TCGA and GTEx databases for mRNA expression and patient information. Cox regression and LASSO regression were used for prognostic gene selection and risk model construction. We compared prognosis using Kaplan–Meier analysis and examined drug sensitivity differences. The CMAP dataset identified potential small molecule drugs. In vitro tests involved suppressing a crucial gene to observe its impact on tumour metastasis. We developed a 12 BMs‐based approach, finding it to be an independent prognostic factor. Functional analysis showed BMs concentrated in cancer‐associated pathways, correlating with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint activation. High‐risk individuals exhibited increased drug sensitivity. AGRN levels were linked to decreased progression‐free survival (p < 0.001). AGRN knockdown suppressed tumour growth and metastasis. Our study offers new perspectives on BMs in COCA, concluding that AGRN is a dependable biomarker for patient survival and prognosis.
A comprehensive prognostic and immune infiltration analysis of UBA1 in pan‐cancer: A computational analysis and in vitro experiments
Authors: Chen Can , Li Yiwei , Chen Zhenzhen , Shi Pengfei , Li Yun , Qian Shenxian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUbiquitin like modifier activating enzyme 1 (UBA1) plays an important role in immune regulation and cellular function. However, the functional mechanism and role of UBA1 in pan‐cancer have not been fully elucidated and its value in haematological tumours (diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBC/DLBCL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML/LAML)) has not been explored. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the functional mechanism and role of UBA1 in pan‐cancer using multiple databases, including differential expression analysis, clinical pathological staging analysis, prognosis analysis and immune analysis. Then, we confirmed the function of UBA1 in haematological tumours through cell experiments. The results showed that the expression of UBA1 was significantly increased in most cancers and the differential expression of UBA1 was mainly concentrated in digestive tumours, haematological tumours and brain tumours. Moreover, the high expression of UBA1 had poor prognosis in most tumours, which may be related to its involvement in various cancer‐related pathways such as cell cycle, as well as its methylation level, protein phosphorylation level, immune cell infiltration and immune therapy response. Cell experiments have confirmed that UBA1 can significantly regulate the cycle progression and apoptosis of DLBCL cells and AML cells. Therefore, UBA1 may be a potential therapeutic target for haematological tumours. In summary, our study not only comprehensively analysed the functional mechanisms and clinical value of UBA1 in pan‐cancer, but also validated for the first time the regulatory role of UBA1 in haematological tumours.
Age and sex‐specific risk in fractures with Down syndrome in a retrospective case–control study from Germany
Authors: Krieg S. , Krieg A. , Kostev K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing life expectancy of individuals with Down syndrome has led to a growing awareness of mid‐ and late‐life conditions.MethodsBased on the Disease Analyser database (IQVIA), this retrospective cohort study compared adults ≥18 years of age with Down syndrome (ICD‐10: Q90) in general practices in Germany with a propensity score‐matched cohort without Down syndrome. The outcome was the first diagnosis of a fracture within 5 years of the index date. The cumulative incidence of fractures over a 5‐year period was presented using Kaplan–Meier curves. Univariable Cox regression analyses by age group and sex were performed to assess the association between Down syndrome and fractures.ResultsA total of 2547 individuals with Down syndrome and 12 735 individuals without Down syndrome were included in the study. A significantly higher cumulative fracture incidence within 5 years was observed in the age group 51–60 years (9.3% Down syndrome vs. 4.8% without Down syndrome, P = 0.003) as well as in the age group >60 years (20.3% Down syndrome vs. 8.6% without Down syndrome, P < 0.001) compared with the cohort without Down syndrome. Regression analysis showed a significant association between Down syndrome and fracture risk in women with Down syndrome aged 51–60 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–2.26), and in those aged 51–60 years (HR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.27–3.41) and >60 years (HR = 2.98; 95% CI: 1.87–4.73)), but not in men. When comparing fractures in individuals with and without Down syndrome, shoulder and arm fractures were most common in the Down syndrome cohort.ConclusionThe results of our study indicate a positive association between individuals with Down syndrome and subsequent fractures in women and those aged >50 years. Prevention of falls appears to be particularly important in these populations. However, future studies should clarify the extent to which socio‐economic factors, such as housing, play a role in this context.