bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From legislation to reality: Understanding gender-based violence in Tunisia
Authors: Mahfoudh K. , Hamzaoui S. , Walha S. , Mezri D. , Ouertani A. , Ouali U. , Aissa A. , Jomli R. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionTunisia marked a significant milestone in the fight against gender-based violence with the adoption of Organic Law No. 2017-58. This pioneering law in the region enhanced the protection of women and girls’ rights and introduced harsher penalties for perpetrators of sexist violence. However, the journey toward eradicating violence against women is complex and multifaceted.ObjectivesOur aim is to explore how tunisian women perceive gender-based violence and their attitudes towards it.MethodsA cross sectional online survey designed using Google Forms and distributed on social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram) was conducted from August 30th to September 25th 2023. The questionnaire, presented in the tunisian dialect, included questions about personal experiences with violence, knowledge of gender-based violence laws as well as their perceptions and attitudes towards gender-based violence. The sample consisted of women from various regions of Tunisia.ResultsIn our study, we analyzed a sample comprising 110 tunisian women, with 46.4% falling within the 20 to 30 age bracket and 36.4% belonging to the 30 to 40 age range. Half of the survey participants were unmarried, and the majority of them (97.3%) had attained a university-level education.Our research revealed that 45.5% of the surveyed women reported instances of gender-based violence in Tunisia. However, only a minority of these individuals (22.2%) initiated legal proceedings, primarily citing a lack of confidence in the judicial system and fear of potential reprisals as their reasons.A majority of the participating women expressed deep concern regarding the issue of violence against women in Tunisia.When asked about their perceptions of the most prevalent types of violence in Tunisia, 76.36% believed that psychological violence was the most common, followed by sexual violence (21.3%). Economic and physical violence were perceived as less frequent (9.9%; 12.6%). These women attributed the primary factors contributing to violence against women in Tunisia to cultural norms and laws that they considered inadequately stringent. Indeed, 83.3% of them believed that the current legislation was not stringent enough to deter potential perpetrators, and 37.3% indicated that they were unaware of the existing legal framework.ConclusionsDespite legislative advancements, gender-based violence remains a pressing concern in Tunisia. These findings underscore the importance of increasing awareness about available resources for victims, educating individuals about women’s rights and mental health, and building trust in the judicial system.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Pros and cons of alternative therapy omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation for mental problems
Authors: Boronin L. , Nastas I. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionFatty acids omega-3 are irreplaceable. They stabilize cell membranes, nerve impulses, homeostasis, immune reactions, the birth process, the psycho-emotional state of the fetus-mother dyad. Correlations between adequate dietary intake of omega-3 and cognitive health have been described in detail. According to the literature, docosahexaenoic acid is associated with the synthesis of serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, glutamate, neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic action, has antidepressant effect. Omega-3 makes up 60% of neuronal membrane phospholipids. Under clinical aspect,according to publications, fish oil reduces the risk of preterm birth by 44%.Objectives
The aim is to study the risks and benefits of using omega-3 during pregnancy and lactation in patients with mental disorders.Methods
Comparative analysis of evidence-based scientific publications for the use of omega-3 fatty acids in pregnancy and lactation.Results
The body level of omega-3 depends on the quantitative intake from food, as well as gene polymorphism and age. For pregnant and lactating women are recommended 200-300 mg per day or about 300 g per week from food. Deficiency of omega-3 (protectins) affects the processes of myelination, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, the metabolism of neurotransmitters, cell differentiation, neuronal migration and inflammatory responses.Conclusions
There are many probably mechanisms of action of omega-3, namely: Enhances peroxisomal oxidation, reduces the synthesis of triglycerides in the liver; inhibits plasma acyltransfrerase. Omega-3 acts on phospholipids of the cell membranes of the nervous system and retina, their adequate functioning, improve psychomotor development of newborns. It was found the effect of decreasing the levels of cytokines and depressive symptoms, as well the risk of food allergies and depression. In conclusion, in adequate doses, omega-3 fatty acids seems to be useful in deficiencies and for prophylactic purposes in pregnancy and lactation.Keywordsomega- 3 fatty acids, pregnancy, lactation, mental disorders.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
What link between violence against women and self-esteem?
Authors: Abdelkefi M. , Feki R. , Turki A. , Gassara I. , Smaoui N. , Omri S. , Charfi N. , Zouari L. , Ben Thabet J. , Maalej Bouali M. , Maalej M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionViolence against women is a public health problem worldwide and a violation of human rights. It affects women’s lives due to its potential short-, medium- or long-term physical and psychological consequences.ObjectivesThe aim of our study is to explore the link between violence against women and self-esteem.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2023 among Tunisian women consulting in three health care centers in Sfax, Tunisia. We have included women victims of violence (psychological, physical, sexual, and economic). We have used a semi-structured interview and the Rosenberg scale to determine the quality of self-esteem.ResultsAmong one hundred interviewed women, fifty-four women who had reported being violence victims were included in our study. The mean age of the participants was 44 years with the majority being married (87 %). Only 29.6% had a high school level and 51.9% had a profession. A total of 29.6% had a low socioeconomic status.We found that 79.6% are victims of domestic violence (57.4% being victims of spousal violence). Psychological violence seemed to be the most frequent type (59.3%).Almost all those who were abused (90.6%) experienced psychological (emotional) violence.The mean score of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale was 31.54.Self-esteem was very low in 16.7%, low in 37%, medium in 18.5%, and high in 27.8% of the women.A statistically significant association was found between being a victim of spousal violence and low self-esteem (p=0.032). The semi-structured interview demonstrates that women with low self-esteem are more likely to accept violence.ConclusionsThese results justify the implementation of screening and support programs for women victims of violence to improve their self-esteem.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Differences in the perception of stigma in schizophrenia between men and women: a brief qualitative approach
Authors: Andres-Olivera P. , Arribas-Simon B. , Alvarez E. D. , Bote B. , Martin-Gomez C. , Payo C. , Munaiz C. , Brito R. , Ligero-Argudo M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionMen and women with psychosis have different courses and presentations of symptoms. Men with psychosis have an earlier onset of illness, more negative symptoms, and worse premorbid functioning. Women, on the other hand, have better social functioning and less substance abuse. Despite these evident differences, there are few studies that delve into these distinctions, especially from a subjective perspective.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to understand the differences in the perception of psychosis between men and women.Methods
Five women and five men diagnosed with schizophrenia participated in the study. They were matched so that the age difference between them was no more than 5 years, with ages ranging from 40 to 56 years. Participants had not experienced acute decompensation of their underlying illness and had not required admission to an Acute Care Unit in the 6 months prior to inclusion in the study. Data collection was conducted through the Spanish translation of the Indiana Psychiatric Illness Interview, consisting of five parts: a narrative about their life, a narrative about the illness, questions related to how the illness has changed their life and what has not changed, the overall influence of the illness on their life, and lastly, expectations for the future.ResultsMen expressed more concerns about work (4 men versus 2 women), while women expressed more concerns about not having become mothers (3 out of 5 women, compared to one man). All participants shared experiences of isolation in intimate relationships, including romantic relationships. Regarding stigma, three women believed that people treated them like children and dismissed their opinions. However, two of them viewed this behavior from their loved ones positively. Two women discussed the impact that psychosis and medications had on their bodies and how others had reacted to these changesConclusionsThe concerns and stigma associated with mental illness differ between genders. These differences should be taken into account when developing specific biopsychosocial treatment plans.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Postpartum Depression: Plaguing the Joy of New Mothers
Authors: Sonkar G. , Sonkar M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionDepression is a significant global mental health problem and is very common compared to how it is perceived. In 2020 alone, 264 million people globally suffered from depression and its different forms as per the World Health Organisation. It is a leading cause of disability in individuals, affecting their ability to perform their daily chores, work, study, and even maintain relationships. The impact of depression is deeper and affects families, the economy, health care systems, and so on.In India, the problem is grave and leads to serious consequences, thanks to the stigma and unawareness attached to mental health disorders. It is estimated that India has one of the highest rates of depression in the world, but it is hardly acknowledged.Post-Partum Depression (PPD) is the most neglected and unreported subtype of depression in India. Globally, 1 in every 7 women suffers from Post Partum Depression. India is such a diverse country in terms of prevalence varies from 15% to 25% based on region, population, cultural and social expectations, economic status, living standard, climate factors, and others.ObjectivesThe objective of the study is to spread awareness, identify the risk factors, root cause analysis of risk factors, possible solutions, and treatments.MethodsThis study is conducted to capture the awareness level of PPD in females across different ages, regions, income classes, cultures, working statuses, and societies. This is carried out using a detailed yet anonymous survey, it captures the demography, knowledge of signs and symptoms of PPD, personal experiences, attitudes, expected support for PPD, and awareness of possible healthcare options. The result of the study tries to understand and conclude the most common risk factors, groups at highest risk, a root cause analysis of the risk factors, and possible solutions and treatments.Results
PPD occurs in the postnatal period, typically within the first year after childbirth. This condition can have a significant impact on the new mother and the infant’s well-being. The mother’s ability to take care of the child and herself is hugely impacted, impacting the child’s development and family dynamics negatively. Pushing to the limits, certain communities that believe in superstition and taboo often take PPD as an excuse to blame the mother resulting in the extremities like suicides.Conclusions
PPD occurs in the postnatal period, typically within the first year after childbirth. This condition can have a significant impact on the new mother and the infant’s well-being. The mother’s ability to take care of the child and herself is hugely impacted, impacting the child’s development and family dynamics negatively. Pushing to the limits, certain communities that believe in superstition and taboo often take PPD as an excuse to blame the mother resulting in the extremities like suicides.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Dissociative Identity Unveiled: A Case Report of 17 Distinct Identities Emerging in a Clear Timeline Following Trauma Events
Authors: Li J. , Childs N. M. , Raai H. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is a complex and enigmatic mental disorder in which an individual maintains two or more distinct identities or personality states. We present a rare and captivating case report of a 27-year-old female patient who exhibited a remarkable 17 distinct identities, developed in a clear and unprecedented timeline following a series of specific traumatic events. The novelty of this case lies in the comprehensive documentation and analysis of the sequential emergence of these identities, offering valuable insights into the development and progression of DID.ObjectivesOur aim in presenting this case study is to offer a unique presentation to the constantly evolving understanding of DID. This case offers insight and provokes the need for research into the traumagenic nature of DID. This case showcases the influence on the chronological evolution of the patient’s 17 identities following a multitude of traumatic events.MethodsStructured interviews, psychiatric assessments, and psychological measurements, including self-reported measures of the Dissociative Experiences Scale, were employed to assess the identities and their individual experiences of the traumatic events. The patient was diagnosed with DID and received treatment including pharmacotherapy, psychoeducation, and trauma-focused psychotherapy. As a result of the therapeutic process, the patient was able to develop a higher sense of self-awareness and thus was able to integrate their 17 fragmented identities into a single host identity, demonstrating improvement in the functioning of interpersonal relationships.ResultsThe patient’s history reveals that the onset of her DID was linked to a traumatic event that occurred during early childhood, triggering the emergence of her first alternate identity. Over time, additional identities manifested, each appearing to serve as a coping mechanism to contend with the psychological distress stemming from subsequent significant trauma episodes. This case report meticulously outlines the chronological development of these identities and explores the distinct characteristics, behaviors, and roles assumed by each personality.ConclusionsThis case report offers valuable information on the complex development and pathogenesis of DID with a trauma influence. The presentation of this patient may lead to further research and more tailored therapeutic interventions for individuals suffering from DID.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Exploration of dreams in Charaka Samhita – an Ayurveda text and their content analysis of prodromal dreams in various conditions
Authors: Iyer A. K. , Upadhyaya W. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionResearch into dreams, have shown the association between increased frequency of distressing dreams, specific content themes (analysed using the Hall Van de Castle system) and greater incidence of progression of neurological conditions and dementia. The history of predicting illnesses by the content of dreams, in the western world is popularly traced backed to the ancient Greek medicine. This stimulates the curiosity if any such practices existed in the ancient medical practises of the eastern world. Ayurveda is one such traditional system of medicine, that is native to the Indian subcontinent. Charaka Samhita is one of the oldest texts on Ayurveda consisting of 8 sections and 120 chapters totally. This text was selected for the purpose of this review, with the line of enquiry such as what does Ayurveda say about dreams associated with illnesses? What are the contents of such dreams? Furthermore, the dream content analysis was done using the Hall Van de Castle system, which is probably the first time being done on an Ayurveda text content.Objectives1) To explore if, Charaka Samhita mentions, describes dreams in relation to illnesses, stages of illnesses and their prognosis. 2) To analyse content of the dreams seen in prodromal stage of illnesses.Methods1-The Charaka Samhita text was scanned chapter by chapter, to answer the questions- a) What are the types of dreams? b) Are any associated with illnesses? c)Are any dreams mentioned in the prodromal stage of illnesses? d)What do they imply? e)What are their contents? 2-
The contents of prodromal dreams were analysed against the categories of Hall Van de Castle system.ResultsAs per Charaka Samhita, the types of dreams are, i) those based on what was seen ii) heard iii) reflected upon iv) desired v) imagined vi) those of prophetic type and vii) those caused by illnesses. Specific dreams in the prodromal stage, predict manifestation of specific illnesses (mild or fatal). In the diverse dream contents (18 themes mentioned) ranging from things animals to gods and demons, except the elements of the past, rest of the general categories occur, at least once. The categories characters, objects, activities and social interactions were more common than the rest.ConclusionsThus akin to the ancient Greek medicine, Ayurveda too had the practice of predicting illnesses based on the dream contents.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Updating the WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines to promote global access to the most cost-effective and safe medicines for mental disorders
Authors: Papola D. , Ostuzzi G. , Gastaldon C. , Barbui C. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionSince its first publication in 1977, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) has guided the national procurement of medicines deemed essential to inform public health policy worldwide. Aiming to include the most effective, safe, and cost-effective medicines for priority conditions, WHO updates the EML every two years. However, over the past 45 years, updates to the mental health section of the EML have been infrequent, mostly involving the addition of individual medicines. A comprehensive revision of the entire section was never attempted.ObjectivesThe aim of this project was to update the mental health section of the EML to identify the most effective and safest medicines for mental disorders in the light of the most up-to-date evidence base.MethodsA series of nine evidence-based applications were submitted to the WHO Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines in December 2022, recommending a substantial revision of the entire mental health section.ResultsAll of our applications were accepted by the WHO Expert Committee. For psychotic disorders, aripiprazole, olanzapine, paliperidone, and quetiapine were added as therapeutic alternatives to risperidone; short-acting intramuscular chlorpromazine was replaced by short-acting intramuscular olanzapine; first-generation antipsychotics were limited to oral haloperidol and chlorpromazine. For bipolar disorder, the list now includes second-generation antipsychotics such as quetiapine, aripiprazole, olanzapine, and paliperidone. Tricyclic antidepressants for depressive disorders were limited to amitriptyline alone. Treatment options for anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder are now expanded to include SSRIs. For anxiety disorders, diazepam and lorazepam became the only benzodiazepines recommended, with the specific caveat that they should only be used for short-term emergency treatment of acute and severe anxiety symptoms. Finally, chlorpromazine and haloperidol are no longer considered essential medications for psychotic disorders in children under 13 years of age.ConclusionsThe WHO released the 23rd EML in July 2023. After decades of minimal and inconsistent updates, groundbreaking changes have been made to its mental health section. The updated mental health section provides a compelling opportunity to improve the quality of medicine selection at the country level, with the goal of increasing the availability of the safest and most effective psychotropic medicines worldwide.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
A Meta-Analysis of fMRI Activation Studies of Ketamine in Healthy Participants
Authors: Shepherd J. H. , Hickman A. , Baten C. , Klassen A. M. , Zamora G. , Johnson-Venegas E. , Madugula S. S. , Woo E. , Miller J. A. , Sacchet M. D. , Hedges D. W. , Miller C. H. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThere has been rapidly growing interest in understanding the pharmaceutical and clinical properties of psychedelic and dissociative drugs, with a particular focus on ketamine. This compound, long known for its anesthetic and dissociative properties, has garnered attention due to its potential to rapidly alleviate symptoms of depression, especially in individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) or acute suicidal ideation or behavior. However, while ketamine’s psychopharmacological effects are increasingly well-documented, the specific patterns of its neural impact remain a subject of exploration and basic questions remain about its effects on functional activation in both clinical and healthy populations.ObjectivesThis meta-analysis seeks to contribute to the evolving landscape of neuroscience research on dissociative drugs such as ketamine by comprehensively examining the effects of acute ketamine administration on neural activation, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in healthy participants.MethodsWe conducted a meta-analysis of existing fMRI activation studies of ketamine using multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA). Following a comprehensive PubMed search, we quantitatively synthesized all published primary fMRI whole-brain activation studies of the effects of ketamine in healthy subjects with no overlapping samples (N=18). This approach also incorporated ensemble thresholding (α=0.05-0.0001) to minimize cluster-size detection bias and Monte Carlo simulations to correct for multiple comparisons.ResultsOur meta-analysis revealed statistically significant (p<0.05-0.0001; FWE-corrected) alterations in neural activation in multiple cortical and subcortical regions following the administration of ketamine to healthy participants (N=306).ConclusionsThese results offer valuable insights into the functional neuroanatomical effects caused by acute ketamine administration. These findings may also inform development of therapeutic applications of ketamine for various psychiatric and neurological conditions. Future studies should investigate the neural effects of ketamine administration, including both short-term and long-term effects, in clinical populations and their relation to clinical and functional improvements.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared