bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual growth control for general maps and an approximate inverse function result
Authors: Amrein Mario 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe need to control the residual of a potentially nonlinear function $$\mathcal {F}$$
F
arises in several situations in mathematics. For example, computing the zeros of a given map, or the reduction of some cost function during an optimization process are such situations. In this note, we discuss the existence of a curve $$t\mapsto x(t)$$

t
↦
x
(
t
)

in the domain of the nonlinear map $$\mathcal {F}$$
F
leading from some initial value $$x_0$$

x
0

to a value u such that we are able to control the residual $$\mathcal {F}(x(t))$$

F
(
x
(
t
)
)

based on the value $$\mathcal {F}(x_0)$$

F
(

x
0

)

. More precisely, we slightly extend an existing result from J.W. Neuberger by proving the existence of such a curve, assuming that the directional derivative of $$\mathcal {F}$$
F
can be represented by $$x \mapsto \mathcal {A}(x)\mathcal {F}(x_0)$$

x
↦
A

(
x
)

F

(

x
0

)

, where $$\mathcal {A}$$
A
is a suitable defined operator. The presented approach covers, in case of $$\mathcal {A}(x) = -\textsf{Id}$$

A
(
x
)
=
-
Id

, some well known results from the theory of so-called continuous Newton methods. Moreover, based on the presented results, we discover an approximate inverse function result.
Submicron immunoglobulin particles exhibit FcγRII-dependent toxicity linked to autophagy in TNFα-stimulated endothelial cells
Authors: Hollis Wanida C. , Farooq Sehrish , Khoshi M. Reza , Patel Mehulkumar , Karnaukhova Elena , Eller Nancy , Holada Karel , Scott Dorothy E. , Simak Jan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), and some other immunoglobulin products, protein particles have been implicated in adverse events. Role and mechanisms of immunoglobulin particles in vascular adverse effects of blood components and manufactured biologics have not been elucidated. We have developed a model of spherical silica microparticles (SiMPs) of distinct sizes 200–2000 nm coated with different IVIG- or albumin (HSA)-coronas and investigated their effects on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). IVIG products (1–20 mg/mL), bare SiMPs or SiMPs with IVIG-corona, did not display significant toxicity to unstimulated HUVEC. In contrast, in TNFα-stimulated HUVEC, IVIG-SiMPs induced decrease of HUVEC viability compared to HSA-SiMPs, while no toxicity of soluble IVIG was observed. 200 nm IVIG-SiMPs after 24 h treatment further increased ICAM1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) and tissue factor surface expression, apoptosis, mammalian target of rapamacin (mTOR)-dependent activation of autophagy, and release of extracellular vesicles, positive for mitophagy markers. Toxic effects of IVIG-SiMPs were most prominent for 200 nm SiMPs and decreased with larger SiMP size. Using blocking antibodies, toxicity of IVIG-SiMPs was found dependent on FcγRII receptor expression on HUVEC, which increased after TNFα-stimulation. Similar results were observed with different IVIG products and research grade IgG preparations. In conclusion, submicron particles with immunoglobulin corona induced size-dependent toxicity in TNFα-stimulated HUVEC via FcγRII receptors, associated with apoptosis and mTOR-dependent activation of autophagy. Testing of IVIG toxicity in endothelial cells prestimulated with proinflammatory cytokines is relevant to clinical conditions. Our results warrant further studies on endothelial toxicity of sub-visible immunoglobulin particles.
Novel C. elegans models of Lewy body disease reveal pathological protein interactions and widespread miRNA dysregulation
Authors: Li Rongzhen , Huang Xiaobing , Shen Linjing , Zhang Tianjiao , Liu Ning , Hou Xiangqing , Wong Garry 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLewy body diseases (LBD) comprise a group of complex neurodegenerative conditions originating from accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in the form of Lewy bodies. LBD pathologies are characterized by α-syn deposition in association with other proteins such as Amyloid β (Aβ), Tau, and TAR-DNA-binding protein. To investigate the complex interactions of these proteins, we constructed 2 novel transgenic overexpressing (OE) C. elegans strains (α-synA53T;Taupro-agg (OE) and α-synA53T;Aβ1-42;Taupro-agg (OE)) and compared them with previously established Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Lewy Body Dementia disease models. The LBD models presented here demonstrate impairments including uncoordinated movement, egg-laying deficits, altered serotonergic and cholinergic signaling, memory and posture deficits, as well as dopaminergic neuron damage and loss. Expression levels of total and prone to aggregation α-syn protein were increased in α-synA53T;Aβ1-42 but decreased in α-synA53T;Taupro-agg animals when compared to α-synA53T animals suggesting protein interactions. These alterations were also observed at the mRNA level suggesting a pre-transcriptional mechanism. miRNA-seq revealed that cel-miR-1018 was upregulated in LBD models α-synA53T, α-synA53T;Aβ1-42, and α-synA53T;Taupro-agg compared with WT. cel-miR-58c was upregulated in α-synA53T;Taupro-agg but downregulated in α-synA53T and α-synA53T;Aβ1-42 compared with WT. cel-miR-41-3p and cel-miR-355-5p were significantly downregulated in 3 LBD models. Our results obtained in a model organism provide evidence of interactions between different pathological proteins and alterations in specific miRNAs that may further exacerbate or ameliorate LBD pathology.
Soil seed banks reveal the legacy of shifting plant assemblages in late-lying alpine snowpatch communities
Authors: Vázquez-Ramírez Jerónimo , Verrall Brodie , Newling Emily , Wevill Tricia , Pickering Catherine , Green Ken , Rowland Jessica A. , Venn Susanna E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSnowpatch plant communities, which occur in parts of alpine landscapes where snow accumulates and persists well into the summer, are highly sensitive to climate change. The formation of persistent soil seed banks is recognised as a critical component of a plant community’s resilience to a changing environment. However, our understanding of the ecology of snowpatch soil seed banks and their potential role in the persistence of these threatened communities remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we (1) characterised the density, diversity and composition of snowpatch soil seed banks along a snowmelt gradient (with early, mid, and late melt zones defined); and (2) contrasted their similarity with long-term vegetation surveys (2020, 2013, 2007) to assess the relationship between soil seed banks and standing vegetation over time. We found persistent soil seed banks in all snowmelt zones and that the snowmelt gradient significantly influenced their density, diversity and composition. Species density and diversity in soil seed banks were higher in the early and mid zones compared to the late zone. However, seedlings from the late zone emerged faster and more synchronously than those emerging from the early and mid zones. The species similarity between seed banks and standing vegetation was relatively high in the two most recent surveys (2020, 2013) compared to the initial survey (2007). However, the composition of life forms and regeneration strategies (i.e. sexual or vegetative reproduction) of seedlings that emerged from the soil seed banks was more similar to the composition of the initial standing vegetation survey (2007) than to the more recent surveys (2020, 2013). Our results suggest that although soil seed banks may be changing as the standing vegetation changes, they still have a compositional similarity to historical plant assemblages, contributing to the resilience of these endangered communities to climate change.
Satisfactory 2-year outcome of minimal invasive hybrid stabilization with double treated screws for unstable osteoporotic spinal fractures
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamad Agha , Afifi Anas , Ghandour Maher , Mert Ümit , Herren Christian , Blume Christian , Pishnamaz Miguel , Hildebrand Frank , Oikonomidis Stavros , Sobottke Rolf , Teuben Michel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study evaluates whether the fracture level alters the outcomes of minimally invasive hybrid stabilization (MIHS) with double-threaded, uncemented polyaxial screws for unstable osteoporotic vertebral fractures.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included 73 patients (71.23% females, mean age: 79.9 ± 8.8 years) with unstable OF 3–4 fractures treated by MIHS between Nov 2015-Jan 2018. Patient characteristics, operative data, clinical outcomes, complications, radiological outcomes, and midterm (24-month) follow-up regarding functionality, pain, and quality of life were analyzed.

Results
Patients had thoracolumbar (71.23%), thoracic (10.97%), and lumbar (17.8%) fractures. Operative time was < 120 min in 73.97% of patients, with blood loss < 500 ml in 97.25% of cases. No in-hospital mortality was recorded. Spine-associated complications occurred in 15.07% of patients, while 36.98% of patients had urinary tract infections (n = 12), pneumonia (n = 5), and electrolyte disturbances (n = 9). The mean length of hospital stay was 13.38 ± 7.20 days. Clinically-relevant screw loosening occurred in 1.7% of screws, and secondary adjacent fractures were diagnosed in 5.48% of patients. The alpha-angle improved significantly postoperatively (mean change: 5.4°) and remained stable for 24 months. The beta-angle improved significantly from 16.3° ± 7.5 to 10.8° ± 5.6 postoperatively but increased slightly to 14.1° ± 6.2 at midterm follow-up. Although no differences were seen regarding baseline data, clinical outcomes, and complications, fracture level significantly altered the COMI score at 24 months with no effect on pain score or quality-of-life.

Conclusion
MIHS using polyaxial screws is a safe treatment for single-level osteoporotic spinal fractures. Fracture level did not alter radiological reduction loss; however, it significantly altered patients’ function at 24 months.
Psychiatrische Symptome der Huntington-Krankheit
Authors: Mühlbäck Alzbeta , Hoffmann Rainer , Pozzi Nicolo Gabriele , Marziniak Martin , Brieger Peter , Dose Matthias , Priller Josef 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Huntington-Krankheit (HK) ist eine autosomal-dominante Erbkrankheit, die zu motorischen, kognitiven und psychiatrischen Symptomen führt. Die Diagnose kann durch den molekulargenetischen Nachweis einer verlängerten CAG-Wiederholung im Huntingtin-Gen gesichert werden. Psychische und Verhaltenssymptome sind bei der HK häufig und können Jahre vor den motorischen Symptomen auftreten. Zu den psychiatrischen Symptomen gehören Apathie, Depression, Angst, Zwangssymptome und in einigen Fällen Psychosen und Aggression. Diese können aktuell nur symptomatisch behandelt werden, da sich krankheitsmodifizierende Therapieansätze bei der HK noch in der Erprobung befinden. Die derzeitige klinische Praxis basiert auf Expertenmeinungen sowie Erfahrung mit der Behandlung ähnlicher Symptome bei anderen neurologischen und psychiatrischen Krankheiten. In diesem Artikel geben wir einen Überblick über die komplexen psychischen Manifestationen der HK, die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten und die etablierten pharmakologischen und nichtpharmakologischen Behandlungsansätze.
Influence of fuel inhomogeneity on detonation wave propagation in a rotating detonation combustor
Authors: Raj P. , Meadows J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRotating detonation combustor (RDC) is a form of pressure gain combustion, which is thermodynamically more efficient than the traditional constant-pressure combustors. In most RDCs, the fuel–air mixture is not perfectly premixed and results in inhomogeneous mixing within the domain. Due to discrete fuel injection locations, local pockets of rich and lean mixtures are formed in the refill region. The objective of the present work is to gain an understanding of the effects of reactant mixture inhomogeneity on detonation wave structure, wave velocity, and pressure profile. To study the effect of mixture inhomogeneity, probability density functions of fuel mass fractions are generated with varying standard deviations. These distributions of fuel mass fractions are incorporated in 2D reacting simulations as a spatially/temporally varying inlet boundary condition. Using this methodology, the effect of mixture inhomogeneity is independently investigated to determine the effects on detonation wave propagation and RDC performance. As mixture inhomogeneity is increased, detonation wave speed, detonation efficiency, and potential for pressure gain all decrease, ultimately leading to the separation of the reaction zone from the shock wave.
Let us talk about mistakes
Authors: Sorantin Erich , Grasser Michael Georg , Hemmelmayr Ariane , Heinze Sarah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnfortunately, errors and mistakes are part of life. Errors and mistakes can harm patients and incur unplanned costs. Errors may arise from various sources, which may be classified as systematic, latent, or active. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors also contribute to incorrect decisions. In addition to cognitive biases, our personality, socialization, personal chronobiology, and way of thinking (heuristic versus analytical) are influencing factors. Factors such as overload from private situations, long commuting times, and the complex environment of information technology must also be considered. The objective of this paper is to define and classify errors and mistakes in radiology, to discuss the influencing factors, and to present strategies for prevention. Hierarchical responsibilities and team “well-being” are also discussed.
The fetal programming effect of maternal immune activation (MIA) on the offspring’s immune system
Authors: Hofsink Naomi , Groenink Lucianne , Plösch Torsten 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe first 1000 days of life is a critical period of development in which adverse circumstances can have long-term consequences for the child’s health. Maternal immune activation is associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the child. Aberrant immune responses have been reported in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. Moreover, lasting effects of maternal immune activation on the offspring’s immune system have been reported. Taken together, this indicates that the effect of maternal immune activation is not limited to the central nervous system. Here, we explore the impact of maternal immune activation on the immune system of the offspring. We first describe the development of the immune system and provide an overview of reported alterations in the cytokine profiles, immune cell profiles, immune cell function, and immune induction in pre-clinical models. Additionally, we highlight recent research on the impact of maternal COVID-19 exposure on the neonatal immune system and the potential health consequences for the child. Our review shows that maternal immune activation alters the offspring’s immune system under certain conditions, but the reported effects are conflicting and inconsistent. In general, epigenetic modifications are considered the mechanism for fetal programming. The available data was insufficient to identify specific pathways that may contribute to immune programming. As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, more research now focuses on the possible health effects of maternal immune activation on the offspring. Future research addressing the offspring’s immune response to maternal immune activation can elucidate specific pathways that contribute to fetal immune programming and the long-term health effects for the offspring.
Preserved prenatal lung growth assessed by fetal MRI in the omicron-dominated phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Biechele Gloria , Koliogiannis Vanessa , Rennollet Philippe , Prester Tobias , Schulz Enrico , Kolben Thomas , Jegen Magdalena , Hübener Christoph , Hasbargen Uwe , Flemmer Andreas , Dietrich Olaf , Burkard Tanja , Schinner Regina , Dinkel Julien , Muenchhoff Maximilian , Hintz Susan , Delius Maria , Mahner Sven , Ricke Jens , Hilgendorff Anne , Stoecklein Sophia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
With SARS-CoV-2 evolving, disease severity and presentation have changed due to changes in mechanisms of entry and effector site as well as due to effects of vaccination- and/or infection-acquired immunity. We re-assessed fetal lung pathology in pregnancies with uncomplicated SARS-CoV-2 infections during the late, omicron-dominated pandemic phase to inform disease understanding and pregnancy consultation.

Methods
In this case-control study, fetal lung volumes were assessed by fetal MRI in 24 pregnancies affected by mild maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during the omicron-dominated pandemic phase with prevailing immunity through vaccination and/or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results
Fetal lung volumes (normalized to estimated fetal weight) in 24 pregnancies (GA 33.3 ± 3.8, 12 female fetuses) following mild, uncomplicated SARS-CoV-2 infection did not differ significantly from both, published reference values (96.3% ± 22.5% of 50th percentile reference values, p = 0.43), or fetal lung volumes of a site-specific, non-COVID control group (n = 15, 94.2% ± 18.5%, p = 0.76). Placental assessment revealed no group differences in thrombotic changes or placental heterogeneity (p > 0.05, respectively), and fetal lung volume did not correlate with placental heterogeneity when adjusting for gestational age at scan (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Assessment of fetal lung volume by MRI revealed unaffected lung growth in pregnancies affected by uncomplicated SARS-CoV-2 infection in the omicron-dominated pandemic phase in the presence of prevailing hybrid immunity. This finding contrasts sharply with the observed reduction in fetal lung volume following maternal alpha-variant infection in the pre-vaccination era and might reflect tropism- as well as immunity-related effects.

Key Points

Question: Is fetal lung development affected by mild maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during the omicron-dominated phase of the pandemic?

Findings: Fetal lung volume in 24 affected pregnancies did not differ significantly from published reference values or fetal lung volumes in 15 site-specific, non-COVID-affected control pregnancies.

Clinical relevance: Preserved fetal lung volume following mild maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during the omicron-dominated phase contrasts with previous findings of reduced volume in unvaccinated pregnancies during the alpha-dominated pandemic phase. These observations might reflect tropism- as well as immunity-related effects.
Interleukin-1α inhibitor bermekimab in patients with atopic dermatitis: randomized and nonrandomized studies
Authors: Simpson Eric L. , Guttman-Yassky Emma , Pawlikowski Jeffrey , Ghorayeb Eric G. , Ota Takayuki , Lebwohl Mark G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBermekimab is a human-derived recombinant monoclonal antibody that exhibits immunoregulatory activity by specifically blocking interleukin-1α activity. Four phase 2 studies evaluated efficacy and safety of bermekimab in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). In addition, a novel human skin explant model was developed to assess bermekimab pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and proteomic/transcriptomic effects. Study 1 (NCT03496974, N = 38) was an open-label, dose escalation study of subcutaneous bermekimab (200 mg or 400 mg). Study 2 (NCT04021862, N = 87) was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized (1:1:1) study of subcutaneous bermekimab (400 mg every week (qw) or every 2 weeks) or placebo. GENESIS (NCT04791319, N = 198) was a double-blind, placebo- and active-comparator-controlled, randomized (1:1:2:2) study of placebo, subcutaneous bermekimab (350 mg or 700 mg qw), or dupilumab. LUNA (NCT04990440, N = 6) was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized (4:1) study of intravenous bermekimab 800 mg qw or placebo. A novel human ex vivo skin pharmacodynamic assay supported phase 0 (NCT03953196) and phase 1 (NCT04544813) studies. In Study 1, 400 mg subcutaneous bermekimab showed improvement in efficacy assessments (e.g., ≥ 75% improvement of EASI over baseline, IGA 0/1, and worst itch); however, efficacy was not confirmed in Study 2 or GENESIS. Consequently, GENESIS and LUNA were terminated early. The novel human ex vivo skin pharmacodynamic assay demonstrated that bermekimab reduced downstream skin injury responses. Although bermekimab showed potential as an AD treatment in preclinical and early open-label trials, larger controlled studies (Study 2 and GENESIS) did not confirm those initial results.
Curvature analysis of CI electrode arrays: a novel approach to categorize perimodiolar positions without anatomical landmarks
Authors: Mewes Alexander , Dambon Jan , Brademann Goetz , Hey Matthias 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Perimodiolar electrode arrays may be positioned regular, over-inserted or under-inserted into the cochlea depending on the cochlear size and shape. The study aimed to examine whether there are differences between these groups in the local curvature along the intracochlear array. Individual curvature variables were developed to categorize the groups and the relationship between the curvature and the angular insertion depth at the electrode tip was analyzed.

Methods
The curvature along the intracochlear array was measured in the CBCT image of 85 perimodiolar electrodes of a single type. The mean curvature and the ratio of the mean curvature at contacts E14–16 to the mean curvature at E7–8 (bowing ratio) were calculated across the array, and its true positive rate (TPR) and false positive rate (FPR) were calculated to establish optimal threshold values to categorize the groups.

Results
68.2% of the cases were categorized as regular positioned, 22.4% had an over-insertion and 9.4% had an under-insertion. The mean curvature was significantly weaker with under-insertion (< 342°) than with normal insertion depth (≥ 342°). With an over-insertion, the bowing ratio was < 1 and otherwise > 1. Both the mean curvature and bowing ratio were found to have an optimal threshold value with high TPR (= 1.00) and low FPR (≤ 0.06) for categorizing under-insertion and over-insertion, respectively.

Conclusion
Curvature analysis is a useful tool to assess if a perimodiolar electrode array has been inserted deep enough into the cochlea. Independent of critical anatomical landmarks, over-inserted arrays and under-inserted arrays could be well categorized by using individual curvature variables. The results need to be validated using additional data sets.
170th anniversary of Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej , Łagód Katarzyna Pawlikowska – , Rohrbach Martin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The year 2024 marks the 170th anniversary of the journal Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. The journal is the first printed journal specializing in ophthalmology, founded by Albrecht von Graefe (1828–1870) in 1854. The reason behind creating the journal was to publish useful clinical information and develop discussion and debate among ophthalmologists and vision scientists. Thanks to its diligence and appropriate selection of published content, the journal has become widely read not only among the German scientific community, but also internationally. The aim of this review article is to present the activities of Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology during the past 170 years.

Key messages

What is known

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology is the oldest worldwide ophthalmology journal that in 2024 celebrates its 170th anniversary.

The journal was founded by Albrecht von Graefe, and after his death continued by other giants in ophthalmology, including Ferdinand von Arlt and Franciscus Cornelius Donders.

What is new

There were mostly male editors-in-chief, with Antonia Joussen as the first female editor-in-chief in the long journal's history.

This article presents for the first time the complete list of all editors-in-chief in the 170 year long history of the journal.