bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment and co‐administration of oral anti‐diabetic agent with clomiphene citrate or rFSH for ovulation induction in clomiphene‐citrate‐resistant polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Begum Mosammat Rashida , Akhter Sayeba , Ehsan Mariya , Begum Mosammat Shahina , Khan Farzana 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to explore the result of pretreatment and concomitant use of metformin with clomiphene citrate (CC) and rFSH for ovulation induction in clomiphene‐citrate‐resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Material and MethodsThis randomized controlled trial was done in the Dhaka Medical College and Hospital and the Infertility Care and Research Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 165 infertile patients with CC‐resistant PCOS who attended for treatment were the target population for this study. Patients were divided into three groups: groups A and B were given metformin and group C was the control. Along with metformin, group A received CC and group B received rFSH. Group C was treated with only rFSH. Metformin was given 1500 mg daily for 4 weeks. Afterwards CC or rFSH were added for induction of ovulation along with metformin. Six ovulatory cycles were assessed. Treatment was terminated when there was no response with maximum dose of CC and rFSH or after six ovulatory cycles without pregnancy or after achieving pregnancy. A P‐value of <0.5 was considered as significant.ResultsOvulation (89.09%) and pregnancy (54.55%) rates were higher in group B. Ovulation (74.55%) and pregnancy (29.09%) rates were also satisfactory in group C but a dose of rFSH requirement was significantly higher (P = 0.000). In group A, both ovulation and pregnancy rate were much lower than the other two groups (27.27% and 12.73%, respectively).ConclusionsUse of metformin increases the response of ovulation‐inducing agents and can be used safely in PCOS.
El Niño southern oscillation and its effects on world vegetable oil prices: assessing asymmetries using smooth transition models
Authors: Ubilava David , Holt Matt 
Published: February 2013

In this research, we examine the effects of El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) on market dynamics of major vegetable oil prices. We adopt a smooth transition vector error correction modelling framework to analyse the impacts ofENSOevents on the vegetable oil prices and, more interestingly, to investigate the asymmetric nature of theENSOdynamics and price responses toENSOshocks. The results confirm self‐exciting type nonlinearities in theENSOdynamics, and presence of the so‐called transactions cost band in the system of vegetable oil prices. These nonlinearities yield the history‐specific asymmetries in the vegetable oil price dynamics, wherein effects ofENSOshocks on theENSOdynamics and the vegetable oil prices vary considerably between differentENSOregimes. In general, positive deviations, El Niño events, result in the vegetable oil price increase, while negative deviations, La Niña events, result in decrease in the prices. We illustrate these effects using generalised impulse‐response functions and the derived asymmetry measures.
Gambling Spaces and the Racial Dialectics of Social Inclusion: A Case Study of a Remote Australian Casino
Authors: YOUNG MARTIN , DORAN BRUCE , MARKHAM FRANCIS 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe critically analyse the ways in which a particular gambling space, Lasseters Hotel Casino, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, has incorporated the marginalised Aboriginal population of central Australia into the market economy as consumers, despite the failure of the market and the state to provide meaningful inclusionary alternatives in the realm of production. We explore the ways in which this gambling space has evolved as a synthesis between the imperative of capital accumulation on one hand, and the demands for the reproduction of Aboriginal social life on the other. We examine the dialectical relations between technology and consumption practices, the ideology of chance, and racialised regulation that, in combination, produce a contradictory space of economic exploitation and social inclusion. We argue that the casino has achieved something that the state has failed to do across remote Australia, that is, provide an inclusionary space for Aboriginal people within society, albeit an economically exploitative one.
Mandibular first premolar with four canals
Authors: Du Yi , Lee Angeline H. C. , Zhang Chengfei 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA case of endodontic treatment of a mandibular first premolar exhibiting a total of four distinct root canals and four apical foramina is described. This occurrence in mandibular first premolar has rarely been reported in the endodontic literature. Endodontic treatment that considers the anatomic variation of root canal morphology is important to ensure a favorable healing outcome, and its identification could be enhanced by careful examination using a dental operating microscope. Obturation of root canals using a warm vertical compaction technique with a highly‐radiopaque root canal sealer, such as AH Plus, after careful ultrasonic activated irrigation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid might allow the flow of sealer into the narrowed but unprepared part of the canal. This offers valuable adjuncts for the successful negotiation of calcified main canals, thereby facilitating optimum chemo‐mechanical debridement of the root canal system.
Differential item functioning of the Spanish version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire
Authors: del Carmen Aguilar‐Díaz Fatima , Foster Page Lyndie A. , Thomson W. Murray , Borges‐Yáñez Socorro Aida 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimOwing to the greater use of translated and adapted instruments for measuring oral health on children′s quality of life, there is a need to ensure that such scales (and then items) function in the same way, irrespective of age, sex, socioeconomic status, language, or ethnicity, so they can be used validly and reliably in cross‐cultural research. The aim of the present study was to identify whether the Spanish version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11–14 presents differential item functioning.MethodsChild Perceptions Questionnaire 11–14 data from New Zealand (n = 322) and Mexican (n = 335) school‐based surveys were compared. Ordinal logistic regression was undertaken in order to identify uniform or non‐uniform differential item functioning.ResultsEleven items showed moderate‐to‐large uniform differential item functioning in the Spanish version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11–14. Non‐uniform differential item functioning was not detected. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire, when removing items showing differential item functioning, showed that the free differential item functioning version was good to excellent.ConclusionsThe Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11–14 Spanish version showed moderate‐to‐large uniform differential item functioning; however, further research is needed to identify the causes of differential item functioning.
Phylogenetic structure of vertebrate communities across the Australian arid zone
Authors: Lanier Hayley C. , Edwards Danielle L. , Knowles L. Lacey 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo understand the relative importance of ecological and historical factors in structuring terrestrial vertebrate assemblages across the Australian arid zone, and to contrast patterns of community phylogenetic structure at a continental scale.LocationAustralia.MethodsWe present evidence from six lineages of terrestrial vertebrates (five lizard clades and one clade of marsupial mice) that have diversified in arid and semi‐arid Australia across 37 biogeographical regions. Measures of within‐lineage community phylogenetic structure and species turnover were computed to examine how patterns differ across the continent and between taxonomic groups. These results were examined in relation to climatic and historical factors, which are thought to play a role in community phylogenetic structure. Analyses using a novel sliding‐window approach confirm the generality of processes structuring the assemblages of the Australian arid zone at different spatial scales.ResultsPhylogenetic structure differed greatly across taxonomic groups. Although these lineages have radiated within the same biome – the Australian arid zone – they exhibit markedly different community structure at the regional and local levels. Neither current climatic factors nor historical habitat stability resulted in a uniform response across communities. Rather, historical and biogeographical aspects of community composition (i.e. local lineage persistence and diversification histories) appeared to be more important in explaining the variation in phylogenetic structure. While arid‐zone assemblages show an overall tendency towards phylogenetic clustering, this pattern was less pronounced at finer spatial scales.Main conclusionsBy focusing within different taxonomic groups and between those groups within regions, we show that although the vertebrate lineages we examined exhibited high diversity and low turnover across the arid zone, the underlying phylogenetic structure differs between regions and taxonomic groups, suggesting that taxon‐specific histories are more important than habitat stability in determining patterns of phylogenetic community relatedness.
Tooth loss and periodontitis by socio‐economic status and inflammation in a longitudinal population‐based study
Authors: Buchwald Sabine , Kocher Thomas , Biffar Reiner , Harb Ali , Holtfreter Birte , Meisel Peter 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo examine the associations between factors of socio‐economic status (SES), systemic inflammation and the progression of periodontitis and incidence of tooth loss.Material and MethodsData of 2566 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) with a 5‐year follow‐up were analysed. We evaluated attachment loss and tooth loss with regard to social variables including education, income, marital status and related risks such as smoking and obesity.ResultsSocio‐economic factors were associated with the progression of attachment level and tooth loss during the follow‐up period. Low education and low income were associated with tooth loss (incidence risk ratio IRR 1.63, p < 0.001 and 1.25, p < 0.001 respectively) and also progression of mean clinical attachment level (p < 0.010 and p = 0.046 respectively). SES as well as smoking and obesity were also associated with increased levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) with effect modifications between SES factors and CRP, also between gender and marital status. Tooth loss was associated with disadvantageous SES, particularly under conditions of high CRP levels (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe progression of periodontal disease is influenced by socio‐economic factors. Effect modifications of socio‐behavioural factors by CRP indicate that under conditions of systemic inflammation adverse SES effects may be aggravated.
Enteral feeding in head and neck cancer patients at a UK cancer centre
Authors: Sheth C. H. , Sharp S. , Walters E. R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy treatment for head and neck cancer have an increased risk of malnutrition, and may require enteral feeding via nasogastric or gastrostomy tube. The aim of this audit was to examine current enteral feeding practice, mortality, morbidity and 6‐month outcome data of head and neck cancer patients receiving radical (chemo)radiotherapy at a regional cancer centre and to compare the results with a regional head and neck cancer gastrostomy audit.MethodsA 2‐year audit was conducted (2006–2008). Inclusion criteria were all adult patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, receiving radical radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy treatment. The first‐year data were collected retrospectively, and the second‐year data were collected prospectively. Data were collected on all patients requiring enteral feeding with 6‐month outcome data relating to route of nutrition.ResultsApproximately 14% (n = 32/223) of patients were admitted for nasogastric feeding as a result of inadequate oral alimentation. On admission, 94% were at risk of refeeding syndrome, taking a mean (SD) of 11 (4.9) days to reach full nutritional requirements. Mean (SD) length of hospital stay was 13 (5.1) days. No major complications from nasogastric tube insertion were found. The mean (SD) length of nasogastric feeding was 72 (20.1) days with 89.6% managing full nutritional requirements orally at 6 months.ConclusionsPatients requiring enteral feeding during treatment were fed via a nasogastric tube, rather than via a prophylactic gastrostomy tube. Compared with the regional gastrostomy audit results, our patients had a lower clinical risk/complication rate, with a greater proportion tolerating full oral intake at 6 months. Therefore, nasogastric feeding, rather than prophylactic gastrostomy tube feeding, could be a more appropriate method of enteral feeding in this patient group.
Single indications of induction of labor with prostaglandins and risk of cesarean delivery: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gerli Sandro , Favilli Alessandro , Giordano Claudia , Bini Vittorio , Di Renzo Gian Carlo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo determine the risk of cesarean delivery after induction of labor with prostaglandins and to establish if this is influenced by a single indication of induction of labor or any intrinsic characteristic of the woman or labor.Material and MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out. Three hundred and twenty‐four pregnant women who underwent pharmacological induction of labor with prostaglandins were divided into nine groups through indication of labor induction. Statistical analysis was assessed with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test to assess the normal distribution of variables, Kruskal–Wallis test for comparisons of non‐parametric continuous variables, univariate analysis to compare cesarean delivery rates and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe risk of cesarean section was significantly higher only in prolonged pregnancy (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.18–3.34). Elective induction was associated with the lowest risk of cesarean section (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.26–0.81). Maternal age and was directly related (OR = 1.087; 95% CI: 1.016–1.164), while parity (OR = 0.123; 95% CI: 0.051–0.332), Bishop score (OR = 0.703; 95% CI: 0.571–0.884), and duration of labor (OR = 0.995; 95% CI: 0.993–0.998) were inversely correlated with cesarean delivery.ConclusionCesarean delivery rate is not significantly influenced by any indication of induction of labor with prostaglandins, except for prolonged pregnancy. Elective induction is associated with the lowest risk of cesarean section. Increasing maternal age, low parity, low Bishop score and low duration of labor are at higher risk of cesarean section.
Usability and Potential of Geostatistics for Spatial Discrimination of Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Patterns
Authors: Marschallinger Robert , Golaszewski Stefan M. , Kunz Alexander B. , Kronbichler Martin , Ladurner Gunther , Hofmann Peter , Trinka Eugen , McCoy Mark , Kraus Jörg 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEIn multiple sclerosis (MS) the individual disease courses are very heterogeneous among patients and biomarkers for setting the diagnosis and the estimation of the prognosis for individual patients would be very helpful. For this purpose, we are developing a multidisciplinary method and workflow for the quantitative, spatial, and spatiotemporal analysis and characterization of MS lesion patterns from MRI with geostatistics.METHODSWe worked on a small data set involving three synthetic and three real‐world MS lesion patterns, covering a wide range of possible MS lesion configurations. After brain normalization, MS lesions were extracted and the resulting binary 3‐dimensional models of MS lesion patterns were subject to geostatistical indicator variography in three orthogonal directions.RESULTSBy applying geostatistical indicator variography, we were able to describe the 3‐dimensional spatial structure of MS lesion patterns in a standardized manner. Fitting a model function to the empirical variograms, spatial characteristics of the MS lesion patterns could be expressed and quantified by two parameters. An orthogonal plot of these parameters enabled a well‐arranged comparison of the involved MS lesion patterns.CONCLUSIONSThis method in development is a promising candidate to complement standard image‐based statistics by incorporating spatial quantification. The work flow is generic and not limited to analyzing MS lesion patterns. It can be completely automated for the screening of radiological archives.
Implicit and Explicit Peer Evaluation: Associations With Early Adolescents’ Prosociality, Aggression, and Bullying
Authors: Lansu Tessa A.M. , Cillessen Antonius H.N. , Bukowski William M. 
Published: February 2013

Implicit and explicit peer evaluations were assessed among 120 early adolescents (56 boys, 64 girls; M age = 11.1 years). Explicit peer evaluations were round‐robin ratings of likeability; implicit peer evaluations were assessed with an approach‐avoidance task, also using a round‐robin design. Prosocial behavior, aggression, and bullying were assessed with a standard peer nominations procedure. Prosocial behavior predicted explicit positive evaluations given and received. Bullying and physical aggression predicted receiving explicit negative evaluations from peers. Implicit negative biases were found for girls but not boys. Relationally aggressive girls and bullying girls showed a negative implicit bias toward their peers. Possible implications for intervention are discussed.
Nursing care complexity in a psychiatric setting: results of an observational study
Authors: Petrucci C. , Marcucci G. , Carpico A. , Lancia L. 
Published: February 2013

Accessible summaryFor nurses working in mental health service settings, it is a priority to perform patient assessment to identify patients' general risks.Patients' clinical status is the primary factor to consider when measuring care complexity, as well as when assessing the required nursing workload.This study highlights that there is a relationship between the complexity of psychiatric patient care, which was assigned a numerical value after the nursing assessment, and the occurrence of psychiatric adverse events in the recent histories of the patients.This study provides a useful and effective tool for quantifying the complexity of psychiatric patient nursing care and evaluating the appropriateness of the nursing staff, the number of required nurses, their competence and their skill mix.AbstractFor nurses working in mental health service settings, it is a priority to perform patient assessments to identify patients’ general and behavioural risks and nursing care complexity using objective criteria, to meet the demand for care and to improve the quality of service by reducing health threat conditions to the patients’ selves or to others (adverse events). This study highlights that there is a relationship between the complexity of psychiatric patient care, which was assigned a numerical value after the nursing assessment, and the occurrence of psychiatric adverse events in the recent histories of the patients. The results suggest that nursing supervision should be enhanced for patients with high care complexity scores.
Polyphasic evaluation of Xanthidium antilopaeum and Xanthidium cristatum (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta) species complex
Authors: Stastny Jan , Skaloud Pavel , Langenbach Dorothee , Nemjova Katarina , Neustupa Jiri 
Published: February 2013

We investigated twenty‐six strains of Xanthidium antilopaeum Kütz. and seven strains of X. cristatum Ralfs isolated from various European localities or obtained from public culture collections. A combination of molecular, geometric morphometric, and morphological data were used to reveal the patterns of the phylogenetic and morphological differentiation of these taxonomically very compli‐cated desmid taxa. The molecular data based on trnGucc and ITS rDNA sequences illustrated the monophyly of both the complexes, which indicated that their traditional morphology‐based discriminative criteria, such as the different number of spines, may generally continue to be considered relevant. The single exception was X. antilopaeum var. basiornatum B. Eichler et Raciborski, which was positioned outside the X. antilopaeum/cristatum clade. The independent status of this taxon was also confirmed on the basis of the geometric morphometric data, so that we concluded that it probably represents a separate species. Within X. cristatum complex, the traditional varieties X. cristatum var. cristatum Ralfs, X. cristatum var. uncinatum Ralfs, and X. cristatum var. scrobiculatum Scott et Grönblad turned out to be separate taxa. Conversely, X. cristatum var. bituberculatum Lowe lacked any taxonomical value. Our data on X. antilopaeum illustrated extensive phylogenetic as well as phenotypic variability within this species complex. However, our data did not result in any unambiguous pattern that would allow sound taxonomic classification. Finally, we also found out that the morphologically peculiar Staurastrum tumidum Ralfs belongs to the genus Xanthidium based on the combined rbcL + cox III data set. Consequently, this species was formally transferred to this genus.
Strain variability in fatty acid composition of Chattonella marina (Raphidophyceae) and its relation to differing ichthyotoxicity toward rainbow trout gill cells
Authors: Dorantes‐Aranda Juan José , Nichols Peter D. , David Waite Trevor , Hallegraeff Gustaaf M. 
Published: February 2013

Lipid profiles of three strains (Mexico, Australia, Japan) of Chattonella marina (Subrahmanyan) Hara et Chihara were studied under defined growth (phosphate, light, and growth phase) and harvest (intact and ruptured cells) conditions. Triacylglycerol levels were always <2%, sterols <7%, free fatty acids varied between 2 and 33%, and polar lipids were the most abundant lipid class (>51% of total lipids). The major fatty acids in C. marina were palmitic (16:0), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5ω3), octadecatetraenoic (18:4ω3), myristic (14:0), and palmitoleic (16:1ω7c) acids. Higher levels of EPA were found in ruptured cells (21.4–29.4%) compared to intact cells (8.5–25.3%). In general, Japanese N‐118 C. marina was the highest producer of EPA (14.3–29.4%), and Mexican CMCV‐1 the lowest producer (7.9–27.1%). Algal cultures, free fatty acids from C. marina, and the two aldehydes 2E,4E‐decadienal and 2E,4E‐heptadienal (suspected fatty acid‐derived products) were tested against the rainbow trout fish gill cell line RTgill‐W1. The configuration of fatty acids plays an important role in ichthyotoxicity. Free fatty acid fractions, obtained by base saponification of total lipids from C. marina showed a potent toxicity toward gill cells (median lethal concentration, LC50 (at 1 h) of 0.44 μg · mL−1 in light conditions, with a complete loss of viability at >3.2 μg · mL−1). Live cultures of Mexican C. marina were less toxic than Japanese and Australian strains. This difference could be related to differing EPA content, superoxide anion production, and cell fragility. The aldehydes 2E,4E‐decadienal and 2E,4E‐heptadienal also showed high impact on gill cell viability, with LC50 (at 1 h) of 0.34 and 0.36 μg · mL−1, respectively. Superoxide anion production was highest in Australian strain CMPL01, followed by Japanese N‐118 and Mexican CMCV‐1 strains. Ruptured cells showed higher production of superoxide anion compared to intact cells (e.g., 19 vs. 9.5 pmol · cell−1 · hr−1 for CMPL01, respectively). Our results indicate that C. marina is more ichthyotoxic after cell disruption and when switching from dark to light conditions, possibly associated with a higher production of superoxide anion and EPA, which may be quickly oxidized to produce more toxic derivates, such as aldehydes.