bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON THE SURVIVAL OF THE TRANSFUSED ERYTHROCYTES OF STORED BLOOD
Authors: Mollison Patrick L. , Young I. Maureen 
Published: December 2014

Twenty patients have received 26 transfusions of stored blood, and the fate of the erythrocytes of the donor followed quantitatively by differential agglutination.A method of performing control agglutinations using the sera both of the ABO and MN systems is suggested.A further application of differential agglutination is outlined. Its purpose is the following of the fate of two transfusions given simultaneously. This method has been used for (1) comparison of methods of storage; (2) to obtain a comparison of the survival of two different “ages” of blood in the same patient.1. A high proportion of the erythrocytes of blood stored in citratesaline‐glucose survive transfusion. Furthermore, the total time of survival is little inferior to that of fresh blood.2. These observations suggest that the present method of storage is good and that little more than the normal ageing process occurs at least in blood stored for 18 days or less.In connection with Ashby's work on the survival of the transfused erythrocytes of fresh blood, P. E. Weil [1940] has remarked: “Ce n'est donc pas aux depens de l'hæmoglobine des globules détruits que l'organisme trouve le possibilité de former des nouveaux globules, mais ce sont bien les globules transfuses eux‐meme qui continuent leur vie et leurs fonctions physiologiques.” These words might be used as a refutation of the remarks quoted at the beginning of this paper.
INTERMEDIATE LOBE PITUITARY HORMONE
Authors: Landgrebe F. W. , Waring H. 
Published: December 2014

1. The optimum source for the manufacture of melanophore hormone (B hormone) is the posterior lobe of the pituitary, provided that the pressor and oxytocic autacoids can be removed without recourse to caustic soda treatment.2. Previous methods of assaying melanophore activity are criticised, and the advantages of hypophysectomised Xenopus lævis as a test animal are emphasised.3. A provisional unit of melanophore activity is proposed.4. A new and rapid method is described for the preparation of B extracts which are substantially free from pressor substance (less than 1 unit of pressor activity in 4000 melanophore units) and oxytocin (less than 1 unit in 40,000 melanophore units). The final product in powder form keeps indefinitely and may be standardised on a weight basis with fair accuracy.5. The preparation of B‐containing pituitary extracts is examined in detail. The oxytocic, pressor, and melanophore principles from posterior‐lobe extract are adsorbed by active charcoal. In 1 hour 25 p. c. of the melanophore activity can be eluted from the charcoal with pure water‐free liquid phenol. In this time little or no vasopressin and oxytocin are eluted.6. The rôle of caustic soda, hitherto widely used to remove pressor and oxytocic properties from B‐containing extracts, is explored. Caustic soda treatment of general extracts modifies the melanophoric properties in at least two ways: (a) the melanophore‐expanding potency is increased; (b) there is an increased duration of the response when sub‐maximal doses are injected.7. Differences in the response curves of hypophysectomisedXenopus to caustic treated and untreated whole pituitary extracts are not primarily due to the destruction of the pressor activity. In crude posterior‐lobe extracts there is a substance other than pressor autacoid or B‐precursor which, after treatment with caustic, modifies the melanophore response evoked by B hormone in the two ways noted. This substance is adsorbed on to charcoal from untreated extracts but is not eluted in 1 hour by phenol. After treatment of the general extract with caustic soda this substance, presumably modified by caustic, is adsorbed by charcoal, and is now eluted, together with melanophore‐dispersing hormone, by phenol. This substance may be oxytocin.8. Since the alterations brought about by caustic treatment (para‐graph 6 above) in the melanophoric properties of an extract depend on the effect of the alkali on some pituitary constituent other than B, quantitative estimations of the B content of pituitary substance or of body fluids (e. g. blood) cannot furnish reliable data if caustic soda is used in the preparation of the extracts injected into the test animal.9. Evidence is presented to substantiate the view that melanophore‐dispersing hormone is not passed by the kidney but is destroyed in the tissues. We were unable to detect the presence of B hormone in the urine of normal human beings.10. Recent findings on the physiological role or pharmacodynamic effect of B hormone, other than the co‐ordination of chromatic response, are briefly reviewed.
EFFECT OF VITAMIN B1 ON SURVIVAL TIME AFTER HÆMORRHAGE AND APPLICATION OF COLD
Authors: Maycock W. d'A. 
Published: December 2014

Under the experimental conditions described it has not been possible to demonstrate that vitamin B1 exerts any significant beneficial effect upon the survival rates of rabbits subjected to bleeding and the application of cold to the intestines.Transfusion, equivalent to half the blood removed, 3 hr. after hæmorrhage, has no significant effect upon the survival rate.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND FATE OF CYANOGEN CHLORIDE
Authors: Aldridge W. N. , Evans C. Lovatt 
Published: December 2014

1. An analysis of the physiological effects of cyanogen chloride is given. These effects closely resemble those of hydrocyanic acid: in addition there is a local effect on the respiratory passages, resulting in broncho‐constriction and ultimately in damage, when the vapour is inhaled.2. Blood, or red corpuscles, rapidly converts cyanogen chloride into hydrocyanic acid. Serum also rapidly destroys cyanogen chloride, but without formation of hydrocyanic acid.3. Conversion of CNCI into HCN by blood is not quantitative. In vitro the per cent. conversion is about 30: for isolated red cells it may be more, and it may be more in vivo4. When CNCI is inhaled, HCN can be immediately identified in the blood, and in amount comparable with that detectable when comparably toxic concentrations of HCN are breathed.5. It is concluded that the lethal effects of CNCI are due to the formation of HCN, and that other actions are subsidiary.6. Evidence is given that both HCN and CNCI are ultimately converted into HCNS in the body.We wish to thank the Ministry of Supply for providing the facilities for carrying out this investigation, and for giving permission for its publication.
SOME FUNCTIONS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE OF THE HORSE
Authors: Alexander Frank 
Published: December 2014

1. Techniques are described for cannulating the cæcum, ventral and dorsal colon of the horse.2. Cæcal and colonic movements consisted of irregular contractions of which three types were recognized. Withholding food caused reduction in frequency or cessation of all contractions of cæcum and ventral colon; the dorsal colon remained unaffected. No evidence was obtained of antiperistaltic movements, as judged by the movement of carbon granules.3. Adrenaline inhibited and carbamylcholine increased the frequency of the contractions. Histamine and posterior pituitary extract inhibited movements.4. The concentration of volatile fatty acid in the liquor of the cæcum and ventral colon was decreased by withholding food and increased by feeding. This effect was not marked in the dorsal colon. The proportion of propionic acid in the ventral colon was greater than in the dorsal colon.5. The rate at which cotton‐threads disintegrated when suspended in the cæcum, ventral and dorsal colon decreased in an oral‐caudal direction. Withholding food greatly reduced the rate of disintegration.
THE INFLUENCE OF CORTISONE ON CELL DIVISION
Authors: Roberts K. B. , Florey H. W. , Joklik W. K. 
Published: December 2014

1. The influence of large doses of cortisone on the mitotic activity which normally occurs after partial hepatectomy in mice was studied. At the same time the changes in liver protein, fat, glycogen and nucleic acids were followed.2. In the mice given cortisone, mitoses were rarely seen 2 days after operation, whereas at that time the mitotic rate in controls was very high. Later, at 6 days, this difference was not observed.3. Although the increase in weight of the liver after partial hepatectomy was the same in experimental and control mice, in the former this was largely due to a deposition of fat and glycogen. There was, however, some new formation of protein in cortisone‐treated mice.4. RNA regeneration was nearly normal; DNA, however, failed to regenerate in mice given cortisone.5. Cell division occurring normally in the endothelium of the crypts of Lieberkühn was not inhibited by cortisone in large doses.6. Mitoses were seen in lymphoid follicles in mice receiving large doses of cortisone.7. The conclusion that cortisone does not inhibit mitoses in every tissue is discussed.
RhoC Is an Unexpected Target of RhoGDI2 in Prevention of Lung Colonization of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Griner Erin M. , Dancik Garrett M. , Costello James C. , Owens Charles , Guin Sunny , Edwards Michael G. , Brautigan David L. , Theodorescu Dan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
RhoGDI2 (ARHGDIB) suppresses metastasis in a variety of cancers but the mechanism is unclear, thus hampering development of human therapeutics. RhoGDI2 is a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) for the Rho family of GTPases thought to primarily bind to Rac1; however, Rac1 activation was not decreased by RhoGDI2 expression in bladder cancer cells. To better understand the GTPase-binding partners for RhoGDI2, a mass spectrometry–based proteomic approach was used in bladder cancer cells. As expected, endogenous RhoGDI2 coimmunoprecipitates with Rac1 and unexpectedly also with RhoC. Further analysis demonstrated that RhoGDI2 negatively regulates RhoC, as knockdown of RhoGDI2 increased RhoC activation in response to serum stimulation. Conversely, overexpression of RhoGDI2 decreased RhoC activation. RhoC promoted bladder cancer cell growth and invasion, as knockdown increased cell doubling time, decreased invasion through Matrigel, and decreased colony formation in soft agar. Importantly, RhoC knockdown reduced in vivo lung colonization by bladder cancer cells following tail vein injection in immunocompromised mice. Finally, unbiased transcriptome analysis revealed a set of genes regulated by RhoGDI2 overexpression and RhoC knockdown in bladder cancer cells.
Implications: RhoGDI2 suppresses bladder cancer metastatic colonization via negative regulation of RhoC activity, providing a rationale for the development of therapeutics that target RhoC signaling. Mol Cancer Res; 13(3); 483–92. ©2014 AACR.
Monosyllabic circumflexion or shortening?
Authors: Yamazaki Yoko 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The Lithuanian 3rd person future forms of monosyllabic acute stems are mentioned as one of the categories where the examples of a phenomenon called “monosyllabic circumflexion” or “monosyllabic metatony” are found, e. g., dúoti - duõs ‛to give’. However, there are several exceptions, e. g., lìs (∼ lýti ‛to rain’), bùs (∼ buti ‛to be’), etc. Yet, the condition of the exceptions has not been fully analyzed in the context of the verbal system involving other tense paradigms. In this paper, a thorough examination will be conducted on the 3rd person future forms and their paradigms in Lithuanian. It is found that the verbs which have shortened 3rd person future forms always have the nasal infix present. Based on this result, a possible interpretation will be presented as to how certain 3rd person future forms have been shortened. Also, I will propose that the shortening of the 3rd person future forms is a secondary development, whereas MC could be the regular process for the 3rd person future forms.
The fourth makes it whole?
Authors: Šefčík Ondřej 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The goal of the paper is to demonstrate that the ablaut system of Vedic is formed by four ablaut grades (full, lengthened, reduced and reduced lengthened). The model used is based on the two-dimensional vector model of the Old Indo-Aryan ablaut; this model is then confronted with data from Old Indo-Aryan.
Die Siegesstele des Amasis
Authors: Jansen-Winkeln Karl 
Published: December 2014

Summary
Republication of the ‘Elephantine stela’ of Amasis, formerly Cairo 13/6/24/1, now in the Nubian ­Museum, Aswan. The inscription, in the Königsnovelle tradition, reports two episodes of the war between Apries and Amasis. The first part, dated to year 1 of Amasis, ­describes the counter-attack of Apries, with the help of Greek mercenaries, against the usurper Amasis (Oct./Nov. 570). Contrary to earlier assumptions, Apries’ fleet did not start from an ‘island’ (jw) but rather traveled down the Canopic arm (ᶜnw) of the Nile. The attackers were defeated by Amasis’ troops at Jmʿw. The second part concerns repulsing an invasion by Babylonian (‘Asiatic’) troops trying, in year 4 (March 567), to reinstall Apries as king, who was killed in the course of the battle.
Depletion Interaction Mediated by fd-Virus: on the Limit of Low Density and Derjaguin Approximation
Authors: De Sio Silvia , Lang Peter R. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Depletion potentials induced by the rod-like fd-virus between
colloidal probe spheres and a flat glass wall were measured using
total internal reflection microscopy. The objective of this
investigation was to determine the limits of the approximations used
for the theoretical description of the depletion pair potential. Data
were obtained at rod concentrations as high as 15 times their overlap
concentration and the size ratio between the rod length and the sphere
radius increased up to L/R = 1.76. With this, the basic
assumptions for low density approximation and Derjaguin approximation
were clearly violated. Nevertheless, we observed good agreement
between experimental data and predictions up to the highest size ratio
and in rod concentrations of seven times their overlap
concentration. Only at higher concentrations and at the lowest size
ratio investigated the experimental data deviate significantly from
the simple model.
Use of laterally placed vacuum drains for management of aural hematomas in five dogs
Authors: Pavletic Michael M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Case Description—5 dogs (a Newfoundland, Golden Retriever, Shiba Inu, Staffordshire Terrier, and Vizsla) were referred for evaluation and treatment of unilateral aural hematomas within a week after their formation.
Clinical Findings—Aural hematomas involved the left (3) or right (2) ears.
Treatment and Outcome—With patients under anesthesia, the aural hematomas were approached surgically from the convex, or lateral, pinnal surface. Two small incisions were used to position a vacuum drain into the incised hematoma cavity. The drain exited at the base of the pinna and adjacent cervical skin. The free end of the drain was attached to a vacuum reservoir for 18 to 21 days. Drains and skin sutures were removed at this time along with the protective Elizabethan collar. All hematomas resolved and surgical sites healed during the minimum 6-month follow-up period. Cosmetic results were considered excellent in 4 of 5 patients. Slight wrinkling of the pinna in 1 patient resulted from asymmetric enlargement of the cartilaginous walls of the hematoma, where vacuum application resulted in a slight folding of the redundant lateral cartilage wall.
Clinical Relevance—The described treatment was efficient, economical, and minimally invasive and required no bandaging or wound care. Placement of the drain tubing on the convex (lateral) aspect sheltered the system from displacement by patients with an Elizabethan collar in place. Overall cosmetic results were excellent; asymmetric enlargement of the cartilaginous walls of the hematoma with slight folding of the pinna was seen in 1 patient.
<htm>O gênero <I>Rhopalurus </I>Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) no nordeste do Brasil; um possível caso de uma espécie vicariante</htm>
Authors: Lourenço Wilson R. 
Published: December 2014

<htm>O gênero <I>Rhopalurus </I>Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) no nordeste do Brasil; um possível caso de uma espécie vicariante</htm>
ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF QUINOA (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
Authors: BALBI M. E. , OLIVEIRA K. , CHIQUITO R. F. 
Published: December 2014

A quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd.) é um pseudocereal originário dos Andes, o plantio no Brasil se iniciou na década de 90 e tem ganhado lentamente a mesa do brasileiro. É muito consumida na forma de grãos, como farinha e em flocos. Nesse presente trabalho, tivemos por objetivo, investigar os nutrientes presentes na quinoa, assim como teor de saponina e absorção de água em meio à frio e à quente. A partir das análises da composição nutricional, observou-se que dos macronutrientes: carboidratos, proteínas e lipídios, foram representados respectivamente por 64,85%, 13,49% e 1,49%, enquanto fibras representaram 6, 60%, em 100g de quinoa em grãos. A quinoa é um alimento isento de glúten, sendo uma excelente opção para pacientes celíacos, comparada com outros dois alimentos isentos de glúten, milho e arroz integral, apresentou quantidades superiores de nutrientes. Conforme dados literários foi confirmado através da análise qualitativa da saponina, que esta se encontra presente na superfície do grão in natura, a qual pode ser removida facilmente por técnicas de extração. Na hidratação da quinoa à quente foi expressiva comparado com a hidratação à frio, devido ao amido presente na quinoa ser hidratado em temperaturas superiores a 60ºC. Portanto, conclui-se que a quinoa é um alimento alternativo para a população e estudos sobre este grão são de extrema importância devido a sua alta composição nutricional.
Bioquerosene: Um Estudo de Caso
Authors: Bonassa Gabriela , Schneider Lara Talita , Frigo Késia Damaris de Azevedo , Cunha Felipe Severo da , Lins Marcus Araujo , Frigo Elisandro Pires 
Published: December 2014

Frente às demais emissões globais nos setores de emissões de CO2, apesar de apresentar um dos menores índices e parecer ser mínima a contribuição do setor aéreo no aquecimento global, estas são mais prejudiciais quando contrapostas às demais contribuições globais, uma vez que os poluentes lançados pelas aeronaves potencializam os efeitos do dióxido de carbono por conta das elevadas altitudes em que os aviões decolam (alta troposfera e baixa estratosfera), incidindo diretamente sobre as concentrações de gases do efeito estufa, intensificando o fenômeno do aquecimento global. Visando a evolução da demanda por energia e combustíveis, atrelados as necessidades de redução da emissão de poluentes, novas tecnologias vem sendo desenvolvidas para a aplicação e utilização das energias renováveis. Com as projeções de crescimento da aeronáutica, busca-se alternativas que reduzam a emissão de gases de efeito estufa e que minimizem a dependência dos preços do petróleo. Neste contexto,o objetivo deste trabalho é de reunir informações de como a bioquerosene se destaca entre os biocombustíveis como uma alternativa aos combustíveis fósseis, visto que pode ser obtida a partir de diversas fontes de matérias-primas que não concorrem com o setor alimentício e se adaptam a várias condições de clima e solo.
Risk factors for complications after laparoscopic major hepatectomy
Authors: Nomi T , Fuks D , Govindasamy M , Mal F , Nakajima Y , Gayet B 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Although laparoscopic major hepatectomy (MH) is becoming increasingly common in several specialized centres, data regarding outcomes are limited. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for postoperative complications of purely laparoscopic MH at a single centre.

Methods
All patients who underwent purely laparoscopic MH between January 1998 and March 2014 at the authors' institution were enrolled. Demographic, clinicopathological and perioperative factors were collected prospectively, and data were analysed retrospectively. The dependent variables studied were the occurrence of overall and major complications (Dindo–Clavien grade III or above).

Results
A total of 183 patients were enrolled. The types of MH included left-sided hepatectomy in 40 patients (21·9 per cent), right-sided hepatectomy in 135 (73·8 per cent) and central hepatectomy in eight (4·4 per cent). Median duration of surgery was 255 (range 100–540) min, and median blood loss was 280 (10–4500) ml. Complications occurred in 100 patients (54·6 per cent), and the 90-day all-cause mortality rate was 2·7 per cent. Liver-specific and general complications occurred in 62 (33·9 per cent) and 38 (20·8 per cent) patients respectively. Multivariable analysis identified one independent risk factor for global postoperative complications: intraoperative simultaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (odds ratio (OR) 6·93, 95 per cent c.i. 1·49 to 32·14; P = 0·013). There were two independent risk factors for major complications: intraoperative blood transfusion (OR 2·50, 1·01 to 6·23; P = 0·049) and bilobar resection (OR 2·47, 1·00 to 6·06; P = 0·049).

Conclusion
Purely laparoscopic MH is feasible and safe. Simultaneous RFA and bilobar resection should probably be avoided.
Assessment of the 3 D Pore Structure and Individual Components of Preshaped Catalyst Bodies by X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: da Silva Julio C. , Mader Kevin , Holler Mirko , Haberthür David , Diaz Ana , Guizar‐Sicairos Manuel , Cheng Wu‐Cheng , Shu Yuying , Raabe Jörg , Menzel Andreas , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPorosity in catalyst particles is essential because it enables reactants to reach the active sites and it enables products to leave the catalyst. The engineering of composite‐particle catalysts through the tuning of pore‐size distribution and connectivity is hampered by the inability to visualize structure and porosity at critical‐length scales. Herein, it is shown that the combination of phase‐contrast X‐ray microtomography and high‐resolution ptychographic X‐ray tomography allows the visualization and characterization of the interparticle pores at micro‐ and nanometer‐length scales. Furthermore, individual components in preshaped catalyst bodies used in fluid catalytic cracking, one of the most used catalysts, could be visualized and identified. The distribution of pore sizes, as well as enclosed pores, which cannot be probed by traditional methods, such as nitrogen physisorption and isotherm analysis, were determined.
New vinylester‐based monoliths as a new stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Kip Çiğdem , Tuncel Ali 
Published: December 2014

Vinyl ester‐based monoliths are proposed as a new group of stationary phase for CEC. The capillary monolithic columns were prepared by using two vinyl ester monomers, vinyl pivalate (VPV), and vinyl decanoate (VDC) by using ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) as the cross‐linking agent, and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid as the charge‐bearing monomer. The monoliths with different pore structures and permeabilities were obtained by varying the type and composition of the porogen mixture containing isoamyl alcohol and 1,4‐butanediol. The electrochromatographic separation of alkylbenzenes was successfully performed by using an acetonitrile/aqueous buffer system as the mobile phase in a CEC system. Vinyl ester monoliths with short alkyl chain length (i.e. poly(VPV‐co‐EDMA) exhibited better separation performance compared with the monolith with long alkyl chain length (i.e. poly(VDC‐co‐EDMA). In the case of VPV‐based monoliths, the theoretical plate numbers higher than 250 000 plates/m were achieved by using a porogen mixture containing 33% v/v of isoamyl alcohol. For both VDC and VPV‐based monoliths, the column efficiency was almost independent of the superficial velocity in the range of 2–12 cm/min.