bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex communities of small protists and unexpected occurrence of typical marine lineages in shallow freshwater systems
Authors: Simon Marianne , Jardillier Ludwig , Deschamps Philippe , Moreira David , Restoux Gwendal , Bertolino Paola , López‐García Purificación 
Published: August 2014

SummaryAlthough inland water bodies are more heterogeneous and sensitive to environmental variation than oceans, the diversity of small protists in these ecosystems is much less well known. Some molecular surveys of lakes exist, but little information is available from smaller, shallower and often ephemeral freshwater systems, despite their global distribution and ecological importance. We carried out a comparative study based on massive pyrosequencing of amplified 18S rRNA gene fragments of protists in the 0.2–5 μm size range in one brook and four shallow ponds located in the Natural Regional Park of the Chevreuse Valley, France. Our study revealed a wide diversity of small protists, with 812 stringently defined operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to the recognized eukaryotic supergroups (SAR − Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Rhizaria − Archaeplastida, Excavata, Amoebozoa, Opisthokonta) and to groups of unresolved phylogenetic position (Cryptophyta, Haptophyta, Centrohelida, Katablepharida, Telonemida, Apusozoa). Some OTUs represented deep‐branching lineages (Cryptomycota, Aphelida, Colpodellida, Tremulida, clade‐10 Cercozoa, HAP‐1 Haptophyta). We identified several lineages previously thought to be marine including, in addition to MAST‐2 and MAST‐12, already detected in freshwater, MAST‐3 and possibly MAST‐6. Protist community structures were different in the five ecosystems. These differences did not correlate with geographical distances, but seemed to be influenced by environmental parameters.
Mental health trajectories and their embeddedness in work and family circumstances: a latent state‐trait approach to life‐course trajectories
Authors: Cullati Stéphane , Courvoisier Delphine S. , Burton‐Jeangros Claudine 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMental health trajectories are known to be influenced by work and family circumstances. However, few studies have examined both of these influences simultaneously in a longitudinal manner. The life‐course perspective stresses the importance of examining trajectories in terms of both stable and dynamic components. In this article we use structural equation models (latent state‐trait, LST) to distinguish the stable and situational components of mental health trajectories and hypothesise that situational mental health is influenced by satisfaction with work and family, and this effect differs by gender. An analysis of data from a nationally representative sample of 1616 working Swiss residents (2000–2006) shows that mental health trajectories are mostly stable and only slightly sensitive to situational influences. However, situational influences in a given wave do predict situational influences in the next wave. Satisfaction with work and family influences situational mental health in both genders, but the impact is greater for men. In conclusion, the LST approach allows for the examination of mental health trajectories from a life‐course perspective by distinguishing stable and situational components. Mental health trajectories are more stable and constant than they are dependent on work and family circumstances, and men are more sensitive to family circumstances than women.
Changes in Serum Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Endothelial Markers Levels With Varying Periods of Hemodialysis
Authors: Yaman Alper , Karabag Funda , Demir Serap , Koken Tulay 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAsymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as a uremia toxin is accumulated in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Elevated ADMA level has been shown to be predictive of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and all‐cause mortality in ESRD. Therefore, we investigated the effect of prolonged hemodialysis (HD) treatment on the levels of serum ADMA, arginine, nitric oxide (NO), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (sVCAM‐1). Seventy‐five patients (M/F = 40/35) with chronic renal failure (CRF) and who were on HD were divided into five groups with differing treatment periods of HD; from 6 to 24 months to 97–120 months. Fifteen apparently healthy subjects acted as controls. The serum levels of ADMA, sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1 were increased in all patient groups compared to the control group. No significant difference was observed when the patient groups were compared in terms of HD treatment periods. Nitric oxide levels were lower in the three groups who were treated for periods of 49–72, 73–96, 97–120 months compared to the control group. The L‐arginine to ADMA ratio was decreased in all patient groups compared to controls. Consequently, our investigations have shown that in HD continued for more than 4 years NO levels began to decrease significantly and the levels of serum ADMA, sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1 levels increased although this increase was not affected by the period in which hemodialysis treatment was applied.
Alcohol expectancies in childhood: change with the onset of drinking and ability to predict adolescent drunkenness and binge drinking
Authors: Jester Jennifer M. , Wong Maria M. , Cranford James A. , Buu Anne , Fitzgerald Hiram E. , Zucker Robert A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimsWe examined the relationship between alcohol expectancies in childhood and onset of drinking, binge drinking and drunkenness in adolescence and the influence of drinking onset on expectancy development.DesignA prospective, longitudinal study of children assessed for alcohol expectancies and drinking at four time‐points between ages 6 and 17 years.SettingCommunity study of families at high risk for alcoholism conducted in a four‐county area in the Midwestern United States.ParticipantsThe study involved 614 children; 460 were children of alcoholics and 70% were male.MeasurementsExpectancies about alcohol effects were measured using the Beverage Opinion Questionnaire and child's drinking by the Drinking and Drug History—Youth Form.FindingsPartial factor invariance was found for expectancy factors from ages 6 to 17 years. Survival analysis showed that social/relaxation expectancies in childhood predicted time to onset of binge drinking and first time drunk (Wald χ2, 1 d.f. = 3.8, P = 0.05 and 5.0, P < 0.05, respectively). The reciprocal effect was also present; when adolescents began drinking, there was an increase in social/relaxation expectancy and a concomitant increase in slope of the expectancy changes lasting throughout adolescence.ConclusionsA reciprocal relationship exists between childhood alcohol expectancies and the development of alcohol involvement. Higher expectancies for positive effects predict earlier onset of problem drinking. Onset of use, in turn, predicts an increase in rate of development of positive expectancies.
Herbarium records identify sensitivity of flowering phenology of eucalypts to climate: Implications for species response to climate change
Authors: Rawal Deepa S. , Kasel Sabine , Keatley Marie R. , Nitschke Craig R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFlowering phenology is very sensitive to climate and with increasing global warming the flowering time of plants is shifting to earlier or later dates. Changes in flowering times may affect species reproductive success, associated phenological events, species synchrony, and community composition. Long‐term data on phenological events can provide key insights into the impacts of climate on phenology. For Australia, however, limited data availability restricts our ability to assess the impacts of climate change on plant phenology. To address this limitation other data sources must be explored such as the use of herbarium specimens to conduct studies on flowering phenology. This study uses herbarium specimens for investigating the flowering phenology of five dominant and commercially important Eucalyptus species of south‐eastern Australia and the consequences of climate variability and change on flowering phenology. Relative to precipitation and air humidity, mean temperature of the preceding 3 months was the most influential factor on the flowering time for all species. In response to a temperature increment of 1°C, a shift in the timing of flowering of 14.1–14.9 days was predicted for E. microcarpa and E. tricarpa while delays in flowering of 11.3–15.5 days were found for E. obliqua, E. radiata and E. polyanthemos. Eucalyptus polyanthemos exhibited the greatest sensitivity to climatic variables. The study demonstrates that herbarium data can be used to detect climatic signals on flowering phenology for species with a long flowering duration, such as eucalypts. The robust relationship identified between temperature and flowering phenology indicates that shifts in flowering times will occur under predicted climate change which may affect reproductive success, fitness, plant communities and ecosystems.
Teetering near the edge; women's experiences of anal incontinence following obstetric anal sphincter injury: an interpretive phenomenological research study
Authors: Tucker Julie , Clifton Vicki , Wilson Anne 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundObstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) following vaginal delivery increases the risk of anal incontinence (AI). Subsequent vaginal delivery and ageing increase the risk of worsening symptoms. Very little literature describes any in‐depth understanding of what it is like to live with AI following a history of known OASIS.AimTo describe and interpret women's experience of AI following OASIS and its impact on quality of life.MethodsAn interpretive phenomenological study was conducted in a level 2 tertiary hospital in South Australia. Women with a history of OASIS and AI were purposefully recruited. The St Marks Vaizey score was utilised to identify symptom severity. Semi‐structured open‐ended interviews were conducted, and data were analysed utilising Van Manen thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants (n = 10) aged 26–56 years. All women were symptomatic of AI following OASIS, and 80% had received a primary OASIS at their first vaginal delivery. The St Marks Vaizey score mean was 9.1 (range within 4–22). Three essential themes grieving for loss, silence, striving for normality with eight subthemes identified a significant sense of loss and psychological impact of AI for this group of women.ConclusionHealth professionals require a greater understanding of the negative impact of OASIS and AI on women's quality of life. This may improve the management, education and clinical care of this condition which may result as a consequence of OASIS.
Systematic review: the combined surgical and medical treatment of fistulising perianal Crohn's disease
Authors: Yassin N. A. , Askari A. , Warusavitarne J. , Faiz O. D. , Athanasiou T. , Phillips R. K. S. , Hart A. L. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe management of perianal Crohn's fistulas represents a significant challenge. A combination of medical and surgical therapy, guided by radiology, is often required.AimTo review systematically the literature to assess fistula healing rates with medical treatment (anti‐TNF‐α therapies ± immunomodulators) or surgical treatment alone, compared with combined medical and surgical treatment in fistulising perianal Crohn's disease (CD).MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used. Two independent reviewers searched the literature.ResultsTwenty‐four articles were included. The total population was 1139 patients; 460 (40%) received single treatment with either medical or surgical therapy, and 679 (60%) received combined medical and surgical therapy. Eight studies compared single and combination therapy, with a total population of 797 patients (single therapy: n = 448, combination therapy: n = 349). In the single therapy group, 191/448 were in complete remission (43%). This was lower than the healing rate of the combination therapy group 180/349 (52%). No response to therapy was noted in 34% (153/448) of the single therapy group compared with 23% (80/349) of the combination group.ConclusionsCombined surgical and medical (anti‐TNF‐α ± immunomodulators) therapy may have additional beneficial effects on perianal fistula healing in patients with Crohn's disease, compared with surgery or medical therapy alone. A well‐designed Crohn's perianal fistula clinical trial is required in a multidisciplinary medical and surgical setting, with clearly defined end points of clinical (and likely patient reported outcomes) and radiological healing.
The university's place inAsian cities
Authors: Ho Kong Chong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper highlights the relationship between the largest cities in East Asia and the comprehensive research universities that are located there. We look at three strands in this relationship. The first involves students and their perception of host cities, which provides a better understanding of student life and how this connects to the social–cultural environment of the city. The second strand examines the relationship between the university and industry, showing how such collaborations represent university products and knowledge spillovers that connect the university to the metropolitan economy. By examining where students plan to go after graduation, the third strand indicates that the city not only receives student migrants studying in metropolitan universities, it also receives graduates from otherEastAsian universities. Such third country choices (not returning home or staying in the host country) suggest a new after‐study mobility and a small but growing pool of students who are likely to remain inEastAsia's largest cities after graduation.
Social networks, cultural capital and attachment to the host city: Comparing overseas Chinese students and foreign students in Taipei
Authors: Ma Ai‐hsuan Sandra 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA central theme in the literature on transnational migration is the embeddedness of such movement in social networks and the utilisation of social capital in facilitating mobility. This case study on overseas Chinese students and mainly non‐Chinese foreign students studying at a top university in Taipei brings in the notions of cultural capital and city. It investigates the ways social networks shape the destination choices of these two groups of students, and how their patterns of adjustment in the host milieu and attachment to the host city are affected by the transnational migration network (and the lack of it), embodied cultural capital and different host imaginaries constructed by the Taiwan government. The results show that these two groups of international students differed in their reliance on transnational migration networks in making destination choices prior to migration. Furthermore, the different forms of social networks and the differential social and cultural capital embedded in their respective groups, along with the distinctive host images that were constructed by the Taiwan government to cater for these two groups, shaped their overseas experiences and attachment to the city of Taipei in distinctive ways.
Bipolar disorder and its relation to major psychiatric disorders: a family‐based study in the Swedish population
Authors: Song Jie , Bergen Sarah E , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Larsson Henrik , Landén Mikael , Lichtenstein Paul 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesBipolar disorder (BPD) shares genetic components with other psychiatric disorders; however, uncertainty remains about where in the psychiatric spectra BPD falls. To understand the etiology of BPD, we studied the familial aggregation of BPD and co‐aggregation between BPD and schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, drug abuse, personality disorders, and autism spectrum disorders.MethodsA population‐based cohort was created by linking several Swedish national registers. A total of 54,723 individuals with BPD were identified among 8,141,033 offspring from 4,149,748 nuclear families. The relative risk of BPD in relatives and the co‐occurrence of other psychiatric disorders in patients with BPD and their relatives were compared to those of matched‐population controls. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the heritability and tetrachoric correlation.ResultsThe familial risks for relatives of BPD probands were 5.8–7.9 in first‐degree relatives, and decreased with genetic distance. Co‐occurrence risks for other psychiatric disorders were 9.7–22.9 in individuals with BPD and 1.7–2.8 in full siblings of BPD probands. Heritability for BPD was estimated at 58%. The correlations between BPD and other psychiatric disorders were considerable (0.37–0.62) and primarily due to genetic effects. The correlation with depression was the highest (0.62), and was 0.44 for schizophrenia.ConclusionsThe high familial risks provide evidence that genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of BPD, and the shared genetic determinants suggest pleiotropic effects across different psychiatric disorders. Results also indicate that BPD is in both the mood and psychotic spectra, but possibly more closely related to mood disorders.
Nonlinear dynamics of mood regulation in bipolar disorder
Authors: Ortiz Abigail , Bradler Kamil , Garnham Julie , Slaney Claire , Alda Martin 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesWe sought to study the underlying dynamic processes involved in mood regulation in subjects with bipolar disorder and healthy control subjects using time‐series analysis and to then analyze the relation between anxiety and mood using cross‐correlation techniques.MethodsWe recruited 30 healthy controls and 30 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. Participants rated their mood, anxiety, and energy levels using a paper‐based visual analog scale; and they also recorded their sleep and any life events. Information on these variables was provided over a three‐month period on a daily basis, twice per day. We analyzed the data using Box–Jenkins time series analysis to obtain information on the autocorrelation of the series (for mood) and cross‐correlation (mood and anxiety series).ResultsThroughout the study, we analyzed 10,170 data points. Self‐ratings for mood, anxiety, and energy were normally distributed in both groups. Autocorrelation functions for mood in both groups were governed by the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) (1,1,0) model, which means that current values in the series were related to one previous point only. We also found a negative cross‐correlation between mood and anxiety.ConclusionsMood can be considered a memory stochastic process; it is a flexible, dynamic process that has a ‘short memory’ both in healthy controls and euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. This process may be quite different in untreated patients or in those acutely ill. Our results suggest that nonlinear measures can be applied to the study of mood disorders.
Treatment failure in cognitive‐behavioural therapy: Therapeutic alliance as a precondition for an adherent and competent implementation of techniques
Authors: Weck Florian , Grikscheit Florian , Jakob Marion , Höfling Volkmar , Stangier Ulrich 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTreatment failure is a common phenomenon, but little is known about the reasons. Therapeutic alliance, therapist adherence, and therapist competence are considered important aspects of treatment success and formed the focus of the current investigation.DesignThree randomized controlled trials for the treatment of depression, social phobia, and hypochondriasis were the basis of the current study.MethodsThe role of therapeutic alliance, as well as therapist adherence and competence, were investigated in 61 patients, which were classified either as treatment failure or as treatment success. Process variables were evaluated by independent raters on the basis of videotapes of the first three treatment sessions.ResultsTherapists' adherence and therapeutic alliance differed significantly between successful treatments and those classified as failures, whereas therapists' competence did not. In cross‐sectional analysis, we found a moderating effect of adherence with alliance on treatment outcome, indicating that the better the therapeutic alliance, the stronger the effect of adherence on treatment outcome. Moreover, higher therapists' competence was found to affect treatment outcome positively, only mediated by therapeutic alliance. Higher therapists' adherence affected treatment outcome positively, only mediated by the competence–alliance relationship. In additional longitudinal analyses, we found evidence that the therapeutic alliance within one session influences therapists' adherence and competence in the subsequent session, but not the other way around.ConclusionsTherapeutic alliance proved to be an important variable for the prediction of treatment failure. Furthermore, in our longitudinal analyses, we found evidence that the therapeutic alliance is a precondition for the adherent and competent implementation of therapeutic techniques, which questions the results of our cross‐sectional analysis and of previous research.Practitioner pointsClinical implications

Treatment failure is associated with a lower therapeutic alliance in cognitive‐behavioural treatment.

Therapeutic alliance seems to be an important precondition for the adherent and competent implementation of therapeutic techniques.

Therapeutic alliance should be monitored during psychotherapeutic treatment.

Cautions or limitations

Results are limited to cognitive‐behavioural therapy and may not be representative for other treatment approaches.

Process analyses are based on highly standardized randomized controlled trials and may not be generalizable to routine care.
Thiamine Deficiency‐Mediated Brain Mitochondrial Pathology in Alaskan Huskies with Mutation in SLC19A3.1
Authors: Vernau Karen , Napoli Eleonora , Wong Sarah , Ross‐Inta Catherine , Cameron Jessie , Bannasch Danika , Bollen Andrew , Dickinson Peter , Giulivi Cecilia 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAlaskan Husky encephalopathy (AHE1) is a fatal brain disease associated with a mutation in SLC19A3.1 (c.624insTTGC, c.625C>A). This gene encodes for a thiamine transporter 2 with a predominately (CNS) central nervous system distribution. Considering that brain is particularly vulnerable to thiamine deficiency because of its reliance on thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)‐dependent metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis, we characterized the impact of this mutation on thiamine status, brain bioenergetics and the contribution of oxidative stress to this phenotype. In silico modeling of the mutated transporter indicated a significant loss of alpha‐helices resulting in a more open protein structure suggesting an impaired thiamine transport ability. The cerebral cortex and thalamus of affected dogs were severely deficient in TPP‐dependent enzymes accompanied by decreases in mitochondrial mass and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity, and increases in oxidative stress. These results along with the behavioral and pathological findings indicate that the phenotype associated with AHE is consistent with a brain‐specific thiamine deficiency, leading to brain mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. While some of the biochemical deficits, neurobehavior and affected brain areas in AHE were shared by Wernicke's and Korsakoff's syndromes, several differences were noted likely arising from a tissue‐specific vs. that from a whole‐body thiamine deficiency.