bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF SPAWNING SUBSTRATE ENHANCEMENT FOR WHITE STURGEON IN A REGULATED RIVER: EFFECTS ON LARVAL RETENTION AND DISPERSAL
Authors: Crossman J. A. , Hildebrand L. R. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTSite‐specific habitat alterations have improved spawning success and early life stage survival of different fish species, including sturgeon, in regulated rivers. We modified the substrate within a section of river at the only known spawning site used by white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in the Mid Columbia River, Canada. Existing armoured riverbed conditions were modified using a mixture of larger and smaller angular rock with the assumption that the larger material would remain in place at higher discharges and help retain the smaller material. This increased substrate complexity and the amount of available interstitial spaces. We stocked 2‐day posthatch larvae over both the modified site and at an adjacent control site that represented existing substrate conditions. Our objectives were to determine (i) the extent that stocked larvae remained in both the modified and control sites immediately after release, (ii) the timing of subsequent dispersal of larvae from both sites and (iii) how total length of dispersing larvae changed over time and by site. Results from this work indicated that the modified section of riverbed retained significantly higher numbers of larvae after release compared with the control site. Larvae at the modified site were able to hide and remain within the substrate and initiated downstream drift 15 days after release. With the exception of the first day after release, dispersal from both sites occurred at night. There was a significant effect of time after release and site on the total length of dispersing larvae. The larger variation in total larval length observed at the control site compared with the modified site indicated greater difficulty in hiding within the control substrate. Larvae initiated dispersal from the modified site at a mean size of 17.5 mm, which may indicate an important growth threshold before drift. Results from this work are important for future mitigative efforts for sturgeon in regulated rivers where changes to spawning substrates have occurred. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Improve Survival During Sepsis in the Absence of Heme Oxygenase-1: The Importance of Neutrophils
Authors: Hall Sean R. R. , Tsoyi Konstantin , Ith Bonna , Padera Robert F. , Lederer James A. , Wang Zhihong , Liu Xiaoli , Perrella Mark A. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for treatment of bacterial infections, including systemic processes like sepsis, is an evolving field of investigation. This study was designed to investigate the potential use of MSCs, harvested from compact bone, and their interactions with the innate immune system, during polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We also wanted to elucidate the role of endogenous heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in MSCs during a systemic bacterial infection. MSCs harvested from the bones of HO-1 deficient (−/−) and wild-type (+/+) mice improved the survival of HO-1−/− and HO-1+/+ recipient mice when administered after the onset of polymicrobial sepsis induced by CLP, compared with the administration of fibroblast control cells. The MSCs, originating from compact bone in mice, enhanced the ability of neutrophils to phagocytize bacteria in vitro and in vivo and to promote bacterial clearance in the peritoneum and blood after CLP. Moreover, after depleting neutrophils in recipient mice, the beneficial effects of MSCs were entirely lost, demonstrating the importance of neutrophils for this MSC response. MSCs also decreased multiple organ injury in susceptible HO-1−/− mice, when administered after the onset of sepsis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the beneficial effects of treatment with MSCs after the onset of polymicrobial sepsis is not dependent on endogenous HO-1 expression, and that neutrophils are crucial for this therapeutic response.
Cell Surface Structures Influence Lung Clearance Rate of Systemically Infused Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Nystedt Johanna , Anderson Heidi , Tikkanen Jonne , Pietilä Mika , Hirvonen Tia , Takalo Reijo , Heiskanen Annamari , Satomaa Tero , Natunen Suvi , Lehtonen Siri , Hakkarainen Tanja , Korhonen Matti , Laitinen Saara , Valmu Leena , Lehenkari Petri 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe promising clinical effects of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) rely especially on paracrine and nonimmunogenic mechanisms. Delivery routes are essential for the efficacy of cell therapy and systemic delivery by infusion is the obvious goal for many forms of MSC therapy. Lung adhesion of MSCs might, however, be a major obstacle yet to overcome. Current knowledge does not allow us to make sound conclusions whether MSC lung entrapment is harmful or beneficial, and thus we wanted to explore MSC lung adhesion in greater detail. We found a striking difference in the lung clearance rate of systemically infused MSCs derived from two different clinical sources, namely bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and umbilical cord blood (UCB-MSCs). The BM-MSCs and UCB-MSCs used in this study differed in cell size, but our results also indicated other mechanisms behind the lung adherence. A detailed analysis of the cell surface profiles revealed differences in the expression of relevant adhesion molecules. The UCB-MSCs had higher expression levels of α4 integrin (CD49d, VLA-4), α6 integrin (CD49f, VLA-6), and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met) and a higher general fucosylation level. Strikingly, the level of CD49d and CD49f expression could be functionally linked with the lung clearance rate. Additionally, we saw a possible link between MSC lung adherence and higher fibronectin expression and we show that the expression of fibronectin increases with MSC culture confluence. Future studies should aim at developing methods of transiently modifying the cell surface structures in order to improve the delivery of therapeutic cells.
Multifocality, But Not Bilaterality, Is a Predictor of Disease Recurrence/Persistence of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Hye Jeong , Sohn Seo Young , Jang Hye Won , Kim Sun Wook , Chung Jae Hoon 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundAlthough papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) often presents as multifocal or bilateral tumors, but whether multifocality or bilaterality is associated with disease recurrence/persistence is controversial. We evaluated the association between multifocality and bilaterality of PTC and disease recurrence/persistence. We also analyzed the location and number of tumors in multifocal PTC.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 2,095 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for PTC. Tumors were classified as solitary or multifocal PTC according to the number of tumors present. Multifocal PTCs were subdivided into multifocal‐unilateral and multifocal‐bilateral PTC based on the tumor location. Solitary tumor or multifocal tumors located in one lobe were classified as unilateral PTC, and tumors in both lobes were classified as bilateral PTC. We analyzed the clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes in each classification. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relation between multifocality or bilaterality and disease recurrence/persistence.ResultsExtrathyroidal invasion, cervical lymph node metastasis, and advanced TNM stage were significantly more frequent in multifocal PTC than in solitary PTC. Extrathyroidal invasion, cervical lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and distant metastasis were significantly more frequent in bilateral PTC than in unilateral PTC. The clinicopathologic parameters did not differ significantly between patients with multifocal‐unilateral and multifocal‐bilateral PTC. Multifocality was found to be an independent predictor of disease recurrence/persistence [odds ratio (OR) 1.45, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.01–2.10, p = 0.04]. However, there was no association between bilaterality and disease recurrence/persistence (OR 0.98, 95 % CI 0.64–1.48, p = 0.92). In multifocal PTC, the number of tumors (OR 1.75, 95 % CI 1.04–2.97, p = 0.04), but not the location of tumors (OR 0.56, 95 % CI 0.31–1.02, p = 0.06), was significantly associated with disease recurrence/persistence.ConclusionsAlthough multifocal and bilateral PTC had aggressive pathologic features, only multifocality was associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence/persistence. This suggests that the number of tumor foci, but not their location, is a significant predictor of clinical outcomes.
A method to convert floating to fixed-point EKF-SLAM for embedded robotics
Authors: de Souza Rosa Leandro , Bonato Vanderlei 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is one of the most efficient algorithms to address the problem of Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) in the area of autonomous mobile robots. The EKF simultaneously estimates a model of the environment (map) and the position of a robot based on sensor information. The EKF for SLAM is usually implemented using floating-point data representation demanding high computational processing power, mainly when the processing is performed online during the environment exploration. In this paper, we propose a method to automatically estimate the bit-range of the EKF variables to mitigate its implementation using only fixed-point representation. In this method is presented a model to monitor the algorithm stability, a procedure to compute the bit range of each variable and a first effort to analyze the maximum acceptable system error. The proposed system can be applied to reduce the overall system cost and power consumption, specially in SLAM applications for embedded mobile robots.
Epigenetic mechanisms regulating learning and long‐term memory
Authors: Lipsky Robert H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA balance between rapid, short lived, neuronal responses and prolonged ones fulfill the biochemical and cellular requirements for creating a molecular memory. I provide an overview of epigenetic mechanisms in the brain and discuss their impact on synaptic plasticity, cognitive functions, and discuss a recent example of how they can contribute to neurodegeneration and the cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Can disclosures lead consumers to resist covert persuasion? The important roles of disclosure timing and type of response
Authors: Campbell Margaret C. , Mohr Gina S. , Verlegh Peeter W.J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhile sponsorship disclosure is proposed as a remedy for covert marketing, i.e., tactics such that the persuasive nature of the communication is not clear to consumers, little is known about whether or when disclosures prompt consumers to correct for persuasion. Three experiments reveal that covert marketing, in the form of subtle product placements, can increase brand recall and attitudes but that both instructions to avoid influence and mere disclosure of sponsorship can lead to correction. The first experiment demonstrates that consumers are able to correct both brand attitudes and stated recall when there are instructions to avoid influence. The following two experiments show that mere sponsorship disclosure can evoke use of persuasion knowledge for correction. However, disclosure timing differentially influences correction for recall and attitudes. Disclosure prior to exposure to the covert marketing tactic leads only to correction for effects on recall; attitude is as high with a prior disclosure as with placement with no disclosure. Disclosure after placement provides general correction of the impact of the covert marketing tactic on both recall and attitudes.
Impacts of black carbon mixing state on black carbon nucleation scavenging: Insights from a particle‐resolved model
Authors: Ching J. , Riemer N. , West M. 
Published: November 2012

This paper presents an advancement of the recently developed particle‐resolved aerosol model PartMC‐MOSAIC (Particle Monte Carlo‐Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry) to investigate the impacts of mixing state on cloud droplet formation and to provide a tool for the quantification of errors in cloud properties introduced by simplifying mixing state assumptions. We coupled PartMC‐MOSAIC with a cloud parcel model. We initialized the cloud parcel simulation with hourly PartMC‐MOSAIC model output from a 48‐hour urban plume simulation. The cloud parcel model then explicitly simulated activation and condensational growth of the particles as the parcel underwent cooling at a specified rate and the particles of the aerosol population competed for water vapor. We used this capability to quantify the relative importance of size information versus composition information for the prediction of the cloud droplet number fraction, mass fraction of black carbon that is nucleation‐scavenged, cloud droplet effective radius, and relative dispersion of the droplet size distribution by introducing averaging of particle‐resolved information within prescribed bins. For the cloud droplet number fraction, both composition averaging and size‐bin averaging individually led to an error of less than 25% for all cloud parcel simulations, while averaging in both size bins and composition resulted in errors of up to 34% for the base case cooling rate of 0.5 K/min. In contrast, for the nucleation‐scavenged black carbon mass fraction, the results for size‐bin averaging tracked the reference case well, while composition averaging, with or without size‐bin averaging, led to overestimation of this quantity by up to 600%.
Latitudinal Influence on Age Estimates Derived from Scales and Otoliths for Bluegills
Authors: Kowalewski Lucas K. , Maple Alexis P. , Pegg Mark A. , Pope Kevin L. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Scales are perceived to give reliable estimates of age of fish in northern latitudes and unreliable estimates of age in southern latitudes, whereas otoliths are perceived to give reliable estimates of age regardless of latitude. The objective of our study was to assess the influence of latitude on the estimates of ages derived from scales and otoliths for bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. Our hypothesis was that a south-to-north gradient exists for precision between scales and otoliths with partial agreement between age estimates derived from scales and otoliths for fish in southern latitudes and nearly complete agreement between age estimates derived from scales and otoliths for fish in northern latitudes. Fish were sampled from Louisiana (latitude = 30°43′48′′N) to North Dakota (latitude = 47°05′49′′N). Contrary to a priori expectations, we did not find greater agreement in age estimates between structures in northern bluegill stocks than in those in the southern USA. The low agreement between structures increases uncertainty in the source of aging error, given that both scales and otoliths are valid structures (i.e., age estimates validated as accurate) for estimating ages of bluegills. Biologists should not compare age-dependent parameters for bluegill populations derived from different aging structures.
Received June 29, 2012; accepted July 24, 2012
Impact of Thiamine Deficiency on T-cell Dependent and T-cell Independent Antibody Production in Lake Trout
Authors: Ottinger Christopher A. , Honeyfield Dale C. , Densmore Christine L. , Iwanowicz Luke R. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush on thiamine-replete and thiamine-depleted diets were evaluated for the effects of thiamine status on in vivo responses to the T-dependent antigen trinitophenol (TNP)-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (TNP-KLH), the T-independent antigen trinitrophenol-lipolysaccaharide (TNP-LPS), or Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS; negative control fish). Plasma antibody concentrations were evaluated for possible differences in total anti-TNP activity as well as differences in response kinetics. Associations between anti-TNP activity and muscle and liver thiamine concentrations as well as ratios of muscle-to-liver thiamine to anti-TNP activity were also examined. Thiamine-depleted lake trout that were injected with TNP-LPS exhibited significantly more anti-TNP activity than thiamine-replete fish. The depleted fish injected with TNP-LPS also exhibited significantly different response kinetics relative to thiamine-replete lake trout. No differences in activity or kinetics were observed between the thiamine-replete and -depleted fish injected with TNP-KLH or in the DPBS negative controls. Anti-TNP activity in thiamine-depleted lake trout injected with TNP-KLH was positively associated with muscle thiamine pyrophosphate (thiamine diphosphate; TPP) concentration. A negative association was observed between the ratio of muscle-to-liver TPP and T-independent responses. No significant associations between anti-TNP activity and tissue thiamine concentration were observed in the thiamine-replete fish. We demonstrated that thiamine deficiency leads to alterations in both T-dependent and T-independent immune responses in lake trout.
Received July 25, 2011; accepted July 12, 2012
Improvement in structural and functional echocardiographic parameters during chronic heart failure therapy guided by natriuretic peptides: mechanistic insights from the ProBNP Outpatient Tailored Chronic Heart Failure (PROTECT) study
Authors: Weiner Rory B. , Baggish Aaron L. , Chen‐Tournoux Annabel , Marshall Jane E. , Gaggin Hanna K. , Bhardwaj Anju , Mohammed Asim A. , Rehman Shafiq U. , Barajas Linda , Barajas Justine , Gregory Shawn A. , Moore Stephanie A. , Semigran Marc J. , Januzzi James L. 
Published: November 2012

AimsWe sought to determine if heart failure (HF) care with a goal to lower N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentrations, compared with standard of care (SOC) management, is associated with improvement in echocardiographic parameters of cardiac structure and function.Methods and resultsOf 151 subjects with HF due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) prospectively randomized to NT‐proBNP‐guided vs. SOC HF care, 116 had serial echocardiographic data. Endpoints in this echocardiographic study included the relationship between change in NT‐proBNP and LV reverse remodelling, as well as associations between biomarker‐guided therapy and measures of diastolic function, right ventricular (RV) size and function, estimates of LV filling pressure and RV systolic pressure (RVSP), and the degree of mitral regurgitation (MR). After a mean of 10 months of study procedures, in adjusted analyses, final NT‐proBNP concentrations predicted risk of remodelling [hazard ratio (HR) ↑LV end‐diastolic volume index = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.86, P = 0.007; HR ↑LV end‐systolic volume index = 1.54, 95% CI 1.10–1.91, P = 0.01; HR ↓LV ejection fraction (LVEF) = 1.53, 905% CI 1.12–1.89, P = 0.02]. In addition to greater improvement in LVEF and reductions in LV volume, compared with SOC, NT‐proBNP‐guided patients showed significant decreases in the ratio of early transmitral peak velocity to early diastolic peak annular velocity (E/E'), pulmonary vein peak S velocity, RV fractional area change, RVSP, and MR severity.ConclusionNT‐proBNP concentrations may serve as a non‐invasive indicator of the state of cardiac structure and function in HF due to LVSD. Multiple, prognostically meaningful echocardiographic variables improved more significantly in patients treated with NT‐proBNP‐guided care vs. SOC.Trial registration: NCT00351390.
An Art Novel for the Age of Mechanical Reproduction: Blaise Cendrars's
Dan Yack
Authors: Shingler Katherine 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This article considers Blaise Cendrars's novel
Dan Yack
(1929) as a variation on the art novel genre, arguing that it rewrites and adapts well-worn art narratives — most notably various iterations of the Pygmalion myth — in order to question the nature and function of art in the age of mechanical reproduction. The first part of the novel investigates traditional art forms, especially sculpture, and describes the failure of the sculptor Sabakoff to attain the Pygmalionesque dream of divine creative power. The second part apparently advances the mechanical art forms of sound recording and cinema as alternative modes of representation more responsive to modern experience; but these too are seen to fail to breathe life into the work of art, producing no more than a sterile imitation of reality and, in the case of cinema, endlessly rehashing past narratives. This pessimism about art is also brought out through the novel's intertexts, which insist on the dangers and limits of artistic creation. Drawing on Walter Benjamin, the article suggests that this pessimism may be tempered somewhat (though certainly not eliminated), since Cendrars's text itself provides a model of an art that works to make the impoverished experience of modern life meaningful by relating it to tradition.
Production of propionic acid in a fermented dairy beverage
Authors: Farhadi Shahla , Khosravi‐Darani Kianoush , Mashayekh Mortaza , Mortazavian Amir M , Mohammadi Abdorreza , Shahraz Farzaneh 
Published: November 2012

A dairy beverage containing propionic acid was produced using the adjunct starter cultures with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii. The impacts of temperature (30, 35 and 40 °C) and inoculation ratio (1:2, 1:4 and 1:8) on propionic acid production and viability of micro‐organisms were studied. The incubation temperature had a significant adverse (P < 0.05) effect on the viability of P. freudenreichii and propionic acid production. Maximum amount of produced propionic acid (in 1:4–30 °C treatment) was 0.77%w/w. P. freudenreichii and L. acidophilus counts remained high (9 × 106 and 1.5 × 106 cfu/mL, respectively) after cold storage.
High basal defense gene expression determines sorghum resistance to the whorl‐feeding insect southwestern corn borer
Authors: Cheng Wei‐Ning , Lei Jia‐Xin , Rooney William L. , Liu Tong‐Xian , Zhu‐Salzman Keyan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSouthwestern corn borer (SWCB, Diatraea grandiosella) and fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) are major pests of sorghum in the southern United States. Host plant resistance is a desirable means for reducing plant damage and yield losses from both insects. In this study, we evaluated 12 sorghum lines for whorl‐stage resistance to leaf‐feeding SWCB and FAW in greenhouse and laboratory bioassays. Differential plant responses were detected against the two insects. Among 12 lines tested, CM1821, Della and PI196583 were resistant to both insects, while BTx2752 was largely susceptible. Line R.09110 was resistant to SWCB, but susceptible to FAW, whereas Redbine‐60 was susceptible to SWCB, but not to FAW. In addition, we quantified various chemical components in the plants and determined their association with insect resistance. Tannin and chlorophyll in leaves did not show any significant correlation with resistance to either insects, but contents of soluble protein in general were negatively correlated with resistance to both insects. Endogenous soluble sugar and dhurrin were only positively correlated with resistance to SWCB, but not with FAW resistance. To gain some molecular insight into resistance mechanism of sorghum to SWCB, we performed qPCR reactions for key genes encoding enzymes involved in dhurrin and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis on selected resistant or susceptible lines. Although these genes were rapidly and strongly induced by insect feeding in all lines, the observed resistance is likely explained by higher constitutive dhurrin contents in some resistant lines and higher basal JA biosynthesis in others. Our results suggest that sorghum utilizes multiple strategies to defend itself against SWCB.