bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐effectiveness of measures as a basis for safety decisions / Kosten‐Wirksamkeit von Maßnahmen als Basis für Sicherheitsentscheidungen
Authors: Fermaud Charles , Malioka Vasiliki 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn absolute terms safety describes a state which is free of any hazard. Indeed, such a state is not achievable – independent of the available technology and the financial resources. To achieve a safe system can only be a conditional objective. Thus the question arises “How safe is safe enough?” The question has been systematically treated for years using quantitative risk analysis and evaluation. Nowadays risk acceptance criteria are often clearly defined. However there is still a large area of discretion, where costs and benefits of additional safety must carefully be weighed. Such balancing is particularly difficult, if the technology to improve safety is available but it is expensive and their effect on safety is potentially small. The presented paper addresses a practicable methodology to evaluate the appropriateness of additional safety measures using cost‐effectiveness‐criteria. It has been applied in numerous projects related to safety in tunnels.Der Ausdruck Sicherheit beschreibt einen Zustand, der frei von jeder Gefahr ist. In der Realität ist ein solcher Zustand nicht erreichbar – unabhängig von der verfügbaren Technologie und den finanziellen Ressourcen. So stellt sich die Frage “Wie sicher ist sicher genug?” Die Frage wurde seit Jahren mit quantitativer Risikoanalyse und‐bewertung systematisch behandelt. Heute sind Risikoakzeptanzkriterien oft klar definiert. Allerdings gibt es noch einen Ermessensspielraum, wo Kosten und Nutzen der zusätzlichen Sicherheit sorgfältig abgewogen werden. Dieses Abwägen ist besonders schwierig, wenn die Technologie zur Verbesserung der Sicherheit verfügbar, aber teuer und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Sicherheit potenziell gering ist. Die vorgestellte Arbeit befasst sich mit einer praxisnahen Methodik, die Angemessenheit zusätzlicher Sicherheitsmaßnahmen mit Kosten‐Wirksamkeits‐Kriterien zu bewerten. Sie kam in zahlreichen Projekten im Zusammenhang mit der Tunnelsicherheit zur Anwendung.
Health and safety, prevention and accident costs in construction industry in international comparison / Arbeitsschutz, Prävention und Unfallfolgekosten im Bauwesen im internationalen Vergleich
Authors: Falkner Leo , Schneider Johann , Arnold Josef 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIf it's not safe, don't do it! Accidents at work and lost days cost a lot of money. A calculation of the consequential cost of accidents by the Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) estimates this at 19, 128 Euro per accident in 2010. In the construction industry in Great Britain and the USA, employers and employees generally seem to attach more importance to occupational safety and communicate this more effectively than in Austria and Germany. What are the possible explanations for this difference? This article investigates basic cultural differences in general, in the safety culture and different legal traditions. The factors mentioned are not only decisive for the usual contract and cooperation models between employer and employee in these countries but also have an effect on the sickness statistics and the cost of accidents.Wenn es nicht sicher ist, mach es nicht! Arbeitsunfälle und Ausfallstage kosten viel Geld. Eine Unfallfolgekostenberechnung der Allgemeinen Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) schätzt diese im Bauwesen pro Unfall im Jahr 2010 auf 19.128 Euro. In der Bauindustrie in Großbritannien und den USA scheinen Auftraggeber und Auftragnehmer generell mehr Wert auf Arbeitssicherheit zu legen und dies auch besser als in Österreich und Deutschland zu kommunizieren. Was sind mögliche Gründe für diese Unterschiede? Dieser Beitrag geht auf grundlegende kulturelle Unterschiede im Allgemeinen, in der Sicherheitskultur und auf unterschiedliche Rechtskreise ein. Die genannten Faktoren sind nicht nur ausschlaggebend für die in diesen Ländern zwischen Auftraggeber und Auftragnehmer gebräuchlichen Vertrags‐ und Kooperationsmodelle, sondern wirken sich auch auf die Krankenstandsstatistiken und Unfallkosten im Bauwesen aus.
The safety equipment of the new line in the Lower Inn Valley / Die sicherheitstechnische Ausrüstung der Neubaustrecke im Unterinntal
Authors: Saischek Michael 
Published: October 2012

Abstract100 % safety is never achievable, even with unlimited resources. The basic principles of risk optimisation pose different efficiency. Therefore the risk and the extent of damage can be over‐proportionately reduced through very effective implementation of the basic principles. The article describes some measures for the minimisation of risk and their implementation on the Lower Inn Valley project as examples.Eine 100‐prozentige Sicherheit ist auch unter Einsatz unbegrenzter finanzieller Mittel nie erreichbar. Die Grundprinzipien der Risikominimierung sind unterschiedlich wirksam. Daher lassen sich durch Maßnahmen in den Grundprinzipien mit hoher Wirksamkeit das Risiko und das Schadensausmaß überproportional reduzieren. Der Beitrag beschreibt anhand von einigen Beispielen exemplarische Maßnahmen der Risikominimierung und deren Umsetzung im Unterinntalprojekt.
Risk factors for impaired gonadal function in female Hodgkin lymphoma survivors: final analysis of a retrospective multicenter joint study from Italian and Brazilian Institutions
Authors: Falorio Simona , Biasoli Irene , Luminari Stefano , Quintana Giovanni , Musso Maurizio , Dell'Olio Matteo , Specchia Maria Rosaria , di Renzo Nicola , Cesaretti Marina , Buda Gabriele , Vallisa Daniele , Mannina Donato , Andriani Alessandro , Chiattone Carlos Sérgio , Delamain Márcia Torresan , de Souza Cármino A , Spector Nelson , Angrilli Francesco , Federico Massimo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the most common types of cancer in the young and one of the most curable forms of cancer. Therefore, there has been an increasing interest in the study of long‐term morbidities. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for impaired gonadal function in a retrospective cohort of 238 HL female survivors from Italy and Brazil and to analyse the role of oral contraceptives (OC) and GnRH‐analogues. Besides data collection from HL databases, a specific questionnaire was administered to collect data on gonadal function. The median age at diagnosis was 25 years and the median follow‐up was 7 years. Overall, 25% of the patients developed impaired gonadal function. Older age at diagnosis, front‐line therapies containing alkylating agents and more than one treatment were independent risk factors, whereas the use of OC or GnRH‐a reduced independently the risk of impaired gonadal function. The fertility rate among fertile survivors was low when compared with the general population. We confirmed that older age, type of front‐line chemotherapy and a higher number of therapies are associated with gonadal function impairment in terms of infertility and premature menopause in female HL survivors. Also, the use of GnRH‐a or OC was independently identified as a protective factor. Further prospective studies are needed to better understand the barriers to parenthood in HL survivors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prescribing patterns of antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers in bipolar patients misdiagnosed with major depressive disorder in China
Authors: Xiang Yu‐Tao , Hu Chen , Wang Gang , Zheng Qi‐Wen , Fang Yi‐Ru , Ungvari Gabor S. , Kilbourne Amy M. , Lai Kelly Y. C. , Si Tian‐Mei , Chen Da‐Fang , Lu Zheng , Yang Hai‐Chen , Hu Jian , Chen Zhi‐Yu , Huang Yi , Sun Jing , Wang Xiao‐Ping , Li Hui‐Chun , Zhang Jin‐Bei , Chiu Helen F. K. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveBipolar disorder (BD) is frequently misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder (MDD), which may lead to inappropriate treatment and poor outcomes. This study aimed to examine prescribing patterns of antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers in BD patients misdiagnosed with MDD in China.MethodsA total of 1487 patients originally diagnosed with MDD were consecutively screened for diagnostic revision in 13 psychiatric hospitals or psychiatric units of general hospitals in China nationwide. The patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to establish DSM‐IV diagnoses. Data on psychotropic prescriptions were collected by a review of medical records.ResultsThree hundred and nine of the 1487 patients (20.8%) fulfilled DSM‐IV criteria for BD; 118 (7.9%) for BD‐I and 191 (12.8%) for BD‐II on the MINI. Of the BD patients (n = 309), 227 (73.5%) received any use of antidepressants, 73 (23.6%) antipsychotics and 33 (10.7%) mood stabilizers. In multiple logistic regression analyses, compared with those with MDD, patients with BD‐I were more likely to receive antidepressants (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.8, p = 0.02), antipsychotics (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.04–2.5, p = 0.04) and mood stabilizers (OR 3.9, 95% CI 2.1–7.2, p < 0.001), whereas patients with BD‐II were more likely to receive mood stabilizers (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3–4.4, p = 0.003). There was no difference in the use of antidepressants (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.8–1.5, p = 0.7) and antipsychotics (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.9–1.9, p = 0.2) between BD‐II and MDD. In addition, there was no difference between BD‐I and BD‐II in any use of antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers.ConclusionsThe prescription of antidepressants for BD patients misdiagnosed with MDD is very common, and only a very small proportion of patients received guideline‐concordant treatment. Considering the potentially hazardous effects of inappropriate pharmacotherapy in this population, continuing education and training addressing the correct diagnosis of BD and rational use of psychotropic medications are needed in China. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological and Physical Impact of Anabolic‐Androgenic Steroid Dependence
Authors: Ip Eric J. , Lu Debbie H. , Barnett Mitchell J. , Tenerowicz Michael J. , Vo Justin C. , Perry Paul J. 
Published: October 2012

Study ObjectiveTo contrast the characteristics of two groups of anabolic‐androgenic steroid (AAS) users—those with versus those without AAS dependence.DesignSubanalysis of data from the Anabolic 500, a cross‐sectional survey.ParticipantsOne hundred twelve male AAS‐dependent users and 367 AAS‐nondependent users who completed an online survey between February 19 and June 30, 2009.Measurements and Main ResultsRespondents were recruited from the Internet discussion boards of 38 fitness, bodybuilding, weightlifting, and steroid Web sites. The respondents provided online informed consent and completed the Anabolic 500, a 99‐item Web‐based survey. Self‐reported data included demographics, exercise patterns, use of AAS and other performance‐enhancing agents, adverse effects of AAS use, behavior consistent with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM‐IV‐TR) criteria for AAS dependence, history of illicit drug and alcohol use, history of sexual or physical abuse, and psychiatric conditions diagnosed according to the DSM‐IV‐TR. Behavior consistent with AAS dependence was identified in 23.4% of the survey participants. These AAS‐dependent users were more excessive in their AAS use (e.g., higher doses, higher quantity of agents, longer duration of use), more likely to report a history of illicit heroin use in the last 12 months (5.4% vs 1.9%, p=0.049), and more likely to report a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder (16.1 vs 8.4%, p=0.020) or major depressive disorder (15.2% vs 7.4%, p=0.012) than AAS‐nondependent users.ConclusionData from the Anabolic 500 survey showed that almost one quarter of AAS users were dependent on these drugs. These AAS‐dependent users had a higher rate of heroin use as well as anxiety and major depressive disorders compared with AAS‐nondependent users. These findings can help clinicians and researchers better understand and address the potential illicit drug use and psychiatric comorbidities that may be present among AAS‐dependent users.
Cost of Invasive Fungal Infections in the Era of New Diagnostics and Expanded Treatment Options
Authors: Ashley Elizabeth Dodds , Drew Richard , Johnson Melissa , Danna Robert , Dabrowski Dominika , Walker Valery , Prasad Manishi , Alexander Barbara , Papadopoulos George , Perfect John 
Published: October 2012

Study ObjectiveTo determine the true institutional cost of treating invasive fungal infections in light of recent advances in diagnostic techniques and antifungal therapies for both treatment and prophylaxis of these infections.DesignEconomic analysis.SettingAcademic medical center.PatientsA total of 200 patients discharged from the hospital during 2004–2005 with a diagnosis of proven, probable, or possible aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, invasive candidiasis, or zygomycosis (cases). Patients were matched in a 1:1 fashion with patients having similar underlying disease states but no invasive fungal infections (controls).Measurements and Main ResultsData on demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from patients' medical records. In addition, information concerning each patient's hospitalization was recorded. Resource utilization data for a patient's entire hospitalization were collected from the hospital's charge databases and converted to costs. These data were compared between the cases and the controls. After adjusting for race‐ethnicity, sex, age, and comorbid illnesses, mean total hospital cost for cases was $32,196 more than for controls (p<0.0001). Nonpharmacy costs accounted for the majority (63%) of this difference, and an additional $3996 was attributed to systemic antifungal drugs. The mean length of hospital stay was longer for cases than controls (25.8 vs 18.4 days).ConclusionTreatment of patients with invasive fungal infections was associated with a significantly higher inpatient hospital cost compared with controls. However, due to new diagnostic techniques and effective antifungal therapy, the relative cost of these infections appears to be at least stable compared with the previous decade. These findings can help assess the utility of cost‐avoidance strategies such as antifungal prophylaxis and application of appropriate treatment.
Pay satisfaction and work–family conflict across time
Authors: Bhave Devasheesh P. , Kramer Amit , Glomb Theresa M. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryOn the basis of justice and exchange theories, the authors propose that employees offset their levels of work–family conflict (WFC) with their levels of pay satisfaction. Results based on two waves of data indicate that pay satisfaction has a negative relationship with WFC after controlling for actual pay and other work‐related and family‐related variables. Analysis of pay satisfaction dimensions reveals that satisfaction with benefits and pay structure are negatively related to WFC, whereas satisfaction with pay level and pay raise are not. Number of dependents and level of education moderate the relationship between pay satisfaction and WFC; specifically, having more dependents and higher education attenuates the relationship between pay satisfaction and WFC. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positive affectivity neutralizes transformational leadership's influence on creative performance and organizational citizenship behaviors
Authors: Gilmore Phillip L. , Hu Xiaoxiao , Wei Feng , Tetrick Lois E. , Zaccaro Stephen J. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThis study uses an interactionist approach to examine the moderating effect of follower trait positive affectivity (trait PA) on the relation between transformational leadership and both follower creative performance and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). On the basis of responses from 212 employees and their direct supervisors from the research and development department of a company in Mainland China, results support the hypothesized moderation effect. Specifically, the positive influence of transformational leadership on creative performance was significantly reduced for followers who were higher on trait PA (ΔR2 = .02, p < .05). The same pattern, in which followers' trait PA appeared to substitute for the influence of transformational leadership, generalized to the outcome of follower OCB as well (ΔR2 = .04, p < .01). We discussed theoretical and practical implications of these findings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of subtle motor signs in early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Schneider Susanne A. , Drude Laura , Kasten Meike , Klein Christine , Hagenah Johann 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground:The UPDRS is the most widely used rating scale for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, subtle features of early disease stages may be missed.Methods:We studied 25 early PD patients using a newly compiled battery of motor tests focusing on subtle motor features. Focal dystonia patients (n = 31) and healthy individuals (n = 26) served as controls. Specifically, asymmetric shoulder null position and delayed shoulder shrugs, reduced arm swing, subtle tremor, and timed finger taps were assessed. Spiral drawings and writing were also studied.Results:With a total mean of 9.8 ± 4.9 (possible range: 0–94), PD patients scored significantly higher than dystonia patients (2.9 ± 2.0) and healthy controls (1.9 ± 2.0) (P < 0.001). Reduced arm swing and tremor of individual fingers best distinguished PD from the other groups.Conclusions:The battery was sensitive to detect subtle motor features missed by the UPDRS. For future revisions of an international motor score, further assessment of these items may be worthwhile. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Gait patterns in parkinsonian patients with or without mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Amboni Marianna , Barone Paolo , Iuppariello Luigi , Lista Ilaria , Tranfaglia Riccardo , Fasano Alfonso , Picillo Marina , Vitale Carmine , Santangelo Gabriella , Agosti Valeria , Iavarone Alessandro , Sorrentino Giuseppe 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAlthough in recent years the relationship between cognition and gait in Parkinson's disease (PD) has received increasing attention, the specific connections between gait patterns and cognitive features are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to describe the gait patterns in patients affected by PD with or without mild cognitive impairment (MCI+ and MCI−, respectively). We also sought to find an association between gait patterns and specific cognitive profiles. Using a gait analysis system, we compared the gait patterns among MCI+ patients (n = 19), MCI− patients (n − 24), and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects (HS; n = 20) under the following conditions: (1) normal gait, (2) motor dual task, and (3) cognitive dual task. In PD patients, gait parameters were evaluated in both the off and on states. Memory, executive, and visuospatial domains were assessed using an extensive neuropsychological battery. Compared with MCI− PD and HS, MCI+ PD patients displayed reduced step length and swing time and impairment of measures of dynamic stability; these dysfunctions were only partially reversed by levodopa. We also found that dual‐task conditions affected several walking parameters in MCI+ PD in the off and on states relative to MCI− PD and HS. Factor analysis revealed 2 independent factors, namely, pace and stability. The latter was strongly and directly correlated to the visuospatial domain. In conclusion, dysfunctions on specific gait parameters, which were poorly responsive to levodopa and highly sensitive to dual‐task conditions, were associated with MCI in PD patients. Importantly, visuospatial impairment was strongly associated with the development of instability and more generally with the progression of PD. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Distinctive gas‐phase fragmentation pathway of the mitorubramines, novel secondary metabolites from Hypoxylon fragiforme
Authors: Svilar Ljubica , Stankov‐Jovanovic Vesna , Stadler Marc , Nedev Hristo , Tabet Jean‐Claude 
Published: October 2012

RATIONALEAzaphilones, belonging to the class of mitorubrins usually produced in Hypoxylon fragiforme, react easily with amino groups, giving amine derivatives, mitorubramines. These secondary metabolites exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Finding new secondary metabolites from fungi is important, and electrospray ionization (ESI) high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) coupled with sequential MSn experiments has become a method of choice for the chemotaxonomic classification of fungi.METHODSHigh‐performance liquid chromatography of methanol extracts coupled to positive electrospray ionization, high resolving power for accurate mass measurements and resonant excitation for selective ion collision‐induced dissociation (CID) have been conducted with the aim of resolving the structures of possible novel compounds.RESULTSSoft desolvation conditions in the ESI source enabled the detection of intact mitorubramines present in the extract. HRMS provided unambiguous information about the elemental composition of the mitorubramines and their product ions, while sequential MS3 experiments were essential for the structural discernment of already reported mitorubrins and newly discovered mitorubramines. Indeed, specifically from the latter, a series of consecutive dissociations takes place under CID conditions that are useful for structural elucidation.CONCLUSIONSA distinctive method for two families of secondary metabolites has been developed. Information observed using HRMS and sequential MSn experiments gave unambiguous information about the structure of mitorubramines, especially the position of the nitrogen atom, which was strengthened by proposed unusual fragmentation mechanisms, such as the rearrangement yielding the release of CO2 from the hydroxyl‐diketone structures. These experiments demonstrated that the fragmentations are facilitated by the nitrogen electron lone‐pair in mitorubramines, which does not occur in mitorubrins. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanostructured Superhydrophobic Substrates Trigger the Development of 3D Neuronal Networks
Authors: Limongi Tania , Cesca Fabrizia , Gentile Francesco , Marotta Roberto , Ruffilli Roberta , Barberis Andrea , Dal Maschio Marco , Petrini Enrica Maria , Santoriello Stefania , Benfenati Fabio , Di Fabrizio Enzo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe generation of 3D networks of primary neurons is a big challenge in neuroscience. Here, a novel method is presented for a 3D neuronal culture on superhydrophobic (SH) substrates. How nano‐patterned SH devices stimulate neurons to build 3D networks is investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal imaging show that soon after plating neurites adhere to the nanopatterned pillar sidewalls and they are subsequently pulled between pillars in a suspended position. These neurons display an enhanced survival rate compared to standard cultures and develop mature networks with physiological excitability. These findings underline the importance of using nanostructured SH surfaces for directing 3D neuronal growth, as well as for the design of biomaterials for neuronal regeneration.
Kriterien für die Produktauswahl bei Stahlbau‐Hohlprofilen
Authors: Bach Kirstin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMit der Auswahl der richtigen Hohlprofile werden Verhalten und Tragfähigkeit einer Konstruktion deutlich verbessert. Stahlbau‐Hohlprofile können entweder warm‐ oder kaltgefertigt hergestellt werden und aufgrund der verschiedenen Herstellungsprozesse haben die beiden Typen unterschiedliche technische Eigenschaften.Bei Tata Steel Europe erfolgt die Produktion nach beiden Prozessen, deshalb werden in diesem Beitrag die Hauptunterschiede dieser zwei Hohlprofilarten erläutert, um eine sinnvolle und gezielte Produktauswahl zu ermöglichen.