bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uptake of Bowel Scope (Flexible Sigmoidoscopy) Screening in the English National Programme: the first 14 months
Authors: McGregor Lesley M , Bonello Bernardette , Kerrison Robert S , Nickerson Claire , Baio Gianluca , Berkman Lindy , Rees Colin J , Atkin Wendy , Wardle Jane , von Wagner Christian 
Published: September 2015

Objective To examine uptake in the first six pilot centres of the English Bowel Scope Screening (BSS) programme, which began in early 2013 and invites adults aged 55 for a one off Flexible Sigmoidoscopy. Methods Between March 2013 and May 2014 the six pilot centres sent 21,187 invitations. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we examined variation in uptake by gender, socioeconomic deprivation (using the Index of Multiple Deprivation), area-based ethnic diversity (proportion of non-white residents), screening centre, and appointment time (routine: daytime vs out-of-hours: evening/weekend). Results Uptake was 43.1%. Men were more likely to attend than women (45% vs 42%; OR 1.136, 95% CI 1.076, 1.199, p < 0.001). Combining data across centres, there was a socioeconomic gradient in uptake, ranging from 33% in the most deprived to 53% in the least deprived quintile. Areas with the highest level of ethnic diversity also had lower uptake (39%) than other areas (41–47%) (all p < 0.02), but there was no gradient. Individuals offered a routine appointment were less likely to attend than those offered an out-of-hours appointment (42% vs. 44%; OR 0.931, 95% CI 0.882, 0.983, p = 0.01). Multivariate analyses confirmed independent effects of deprivation, gender, and centre, but not of ethnic diversity or appointment time. Conclusion Early indications of uptake are encouraging. Future efforts should focus on increasing public awareness of the programme and reducing socioeconomic inequalities.
A national Infection in Critical Care Quality Improvement Programme for England: A survey of stakeholder priorities and preferences
Authors:   ICCQIP Collaboration
Published: September 2015

Introduction Severe infection is one of the most common causes of critical illness. Healthcare-associated infections complicating critical illness bring the additional challenge of multidrug resistance. However, England lacks a national surveillance system for infections in intensive care units. Prior experience with surveillance systems suggests that they are most effective when placed within a collaborative quality improvement framework. Method A national survey of adult, paediatric and neonatal intensive care doctors, nurses, microbiologists and infection control practitioners was undertaken throughout the UK to determine stakeholder engagement. Results Of 763 respondents (80% ICU physicians; 8% nurses) from 158 hospital Trusts across the UK, 721 (94.4%) supported establishing a surveillance system; 63.5% preferred that data collection be mandatory; 47.5% considered that the work should be undertaken within existing resources. Respondents prioritised catheter-associated and multidrug resistant infections. Free-text responses demonstrated strong support for using the data for epidemiological information and benchmarking for quality improvement. Discussion The survey provides a satisfactory foundation for establishing a national surveillance system for infection prevention and control in critical care in England.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: 4′-O-β-d-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, an active ingredient of Saposhnikovia divaricata, attenuates high-mobility group box 1 and subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm in a rat model
Authors: Chang Chih-Zen , Wu Shu-Chuan , Kwan Aij-Lie , Lin Chih-Lung 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Background
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was observed to be an important extracellular mediator involved in vascular inflammation associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study is of interest to examine the efficacy of 4′-O-β-d-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol (4OGOMV), C22H28O10, on the alternation of cytokines and HMGB1 in an animal model.

Methods
A rodent double hemorrhage SAH model was employed. Administration with 4OGOMV was initiated 1 h after animals were subjected to SAH. Basilar arteries (BAs) were harvested and cortexes examined for HMGB1 mRNA, protein expression (Western blot) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) immunostaining. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected to examine IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 (rt-PCR).

Results
Morphological findings revealed endothelial cell deformity, intravascular elastic lamina torture, and smooth muscle necrosis in the vessels of SAH groups. Correspondently, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 in the SAH-only and SAH-plus vehicle groups was also elevated. 4OGOMV dose-dependently reduced HMGB1 protein expression when compared with the SAH groups.(p < 0.01) Likewise, 400 μg/kg 4OGOMV reduced IL-1β, MCP-1 and HMGB1 mRNA levels as well as MCP-1(+) monocytes when compared with the SAH groups..

Conclusion
4OGOMV exerts its neuro-protective effect partly through the dual effect of inhibiting IL-6 and MCP-1 activation and also reduced HMGB1 protein, mRNA and MCP-1(+) leukocytes translocation. This study lends credence to validating 4OGOMV as able to attenuate pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA, late-onset inflammasome, and cellular basis in SAH-induced vasospasm.
Validation and reliability testing of a new, fully integrated gait analysis insole
Authors: Braun Benedikt Johannes , Veith Nils Thomas , Hell Rebecca , Döbele Stefan , Roland Michael , Rollmann Mika , Holstein Jörg , Pohlemann Tim 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundA new tool (OpenGo, Moticon GmbH) was introduced to continuously measure kinetic and temporospatial gait parameters independently through an insole over up to 4 weeks. The goal of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of this new insole system in a group of healthy individuals.MethodsGait data were collected from 12 healthy individuals on a treadmill at two different speeds. In total, six trials of three minutes each were performed by every participant. Validation was performed with the FDM‐S System (Zebris). Complete sensor data were used for a within test reliability analysis of over 10000 steps. Intraclass correlation was calculated for different gait parameters and analysis of variance performed.ResultsIntraclass correlation for the validation was >0.796 for temporospatial and kinetic gait parameters. No statistical difference was seen between the insole and force plate measurements (difference between means: 36.3 ± 27.19 N; p = 0.19 and 0.027 ± 0.028 s; p = 0.36). Intraclass correlation for the reliability was >0.994 for all parameters measured.ConclusionThe system is feasible for clinical trials that require step by step as well as grouped analysis of gait over a long period of time. Comparable validity and reliability to a stationary analysis tool has been shown.
The functionality of masticatory apparatus and the sense of depression in patients over 55 years of age living in a family environment and social care centres
Authors: Barczak Katarzyna , Szmidt Monika , Buczkowska-Radlińska Jadwiga 
Published: September 2015

CelCelem pracy było określenie zależności pomiędzy funkcjonalnością narządu żucia a poczuciem depresji u pacjentów po 55 roku życia zamieszkałych w środowisku rodzinnym i domach pomocy społecznej.MetodaDo oceny samopoczucia pacjentów i ich stanu/poczucia depresji posłużono się skróconą wersją Geriatrycznej Skali Depresji. Ocenę kliniczną czynności narządu żucia wykonano podczas jednej wizyty w świetle naturalnym. Kryterium klinicznym zachowania funkcjonalności narządu żucia, przyjętym przez Światową Organizację Zdrowia, był kontakt zwarciowy co najmniej 20 zębów przeciwstawnych, naturalnych lub sztucznych.WynikiW grupie z niską liczbą punktów wg GDS (0–5) statystycznie istotnie wyższy odsetek osób z domów rodzinnych (69,4%) miał zachowaną funkcjonalność narządu żucia niż z DPS (23,5%). Natomiast u osób z wyższą liczbą punktów uzyskanych w GDS (6–15), statystycznie istotnie wyższy odsetek pacjentów z DPS (70,8%) nie miał zachowanej funkcjonalności narządu żucia niż w domach rodzinnych (41,7%).WnioskiU pacjentów z domów pomocy społecznej, u których występowało poczucie depresji, częściej stwierdzano brak funkcjonalności narządu żucia niż u pacjentów z domów rodzinnych, u których również stwierdzono poczucie depresji. Występowanie poczucia depresji o rosnącym nasileniu wpływało znacząco na niższy wskaźnik zachowanej funkcjonalności narządu żucia lub odwrotnie.
Ingmar Bergman, Swedish sexploitation and early Swedish porn
Authors: Larsson Mariah 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This article discusses intertextual relations between Ingmar Bergman films and four films from the Swedish history of late 1960s and 1970s sexploitation and pornography. Although Bergman played a significant role in the liberalization of film censorship in Sweden in the 1960s and was known for the beautiful actresses of his films, that he demonstrably inspired film-makers operating in what is usually regarded as the complete opposite of art cinema is not so widely known. In the films Jag – en oskuld/Inga (1968), Thriller – en grym film/Thriller – A Cruel Picture (1974), Justine och Juliette/Justine and Juliette (1975) and Fäbodjäntan/Come Blow the Horn (1978) there are several intertextual relations, both deliberate allusions and more implicit and unintended connections. These relations may have an impact on how we regard both the role of Bergman and the directors of sexually explicit films in the particular context of Sweden in the 1960s and 1970s.
How creative are SMEs? An organizational routines’ perspective
Authors: Appiah Gloria 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are perfect exemplars of creative organizations partly because they have fewer corporate rules and regulations that hinder creative behaviors of individual employees. Yet, we know very little of the actual processes SMEs employ in their creative endeavours. This appears to reflect the general state of creativity research where emphasis is usually placed on antecedents and outcomes of creativity with relatively less attention on how organizations actually organize their creative activities. This article takes a step towards addressing this paucity in creativity research by suggesting organizational routines as an analytical tool to explore the processes of creativity in small software firms. The article argues that routines offer an entry point to understanding SMEs when conceptualized as systemic blueprints that are capable of explaining observable and sometimes latent behaviours of organizational actors’. A suite of methodologies that could be employed by researchers adopting a routines’ perspective in exploring organizational phenomenon are also identified.
A broadened innovation support for mutual benefits: Academic engagement by universities as part of technology transfer
Authors: Jonsson Lars , Baraldi Enrico , Larsson Lars-Eric 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
While the spin-out funnel has received professional support to enhance its effects in most western universities, much less attention has been paid to the possibility to enhance the effects of academic engagement (i.e. publications, meetings and collaborative research among others) in the knowledge exchange activities of universities. By using the case of Uppsala University as a reference, the aim of this paper is to describe how a holistic organization for innovation support can be managed to create mutual benefits both for the external organizations, the society, the university itself as well as its faculties. Four key elements seem to be of importance to the effectiveness of the support organization: (1) the alignment with selected goals and activities of the university; (2) the recruitment strategy, with innovation support officers possessing double competences; (3) building trust, among all stakeholders and (4) the introduction of specific tools to enhance the effects of academia-industry interactive activities.
We conclude that a holistic approach provides many benefits for the university as well as for the external organizations involved. An important finding is that the commercialization funnel and academic engagement are not two separate tracks but actually seem to lever each other’s so that commercialization seems to be important to build trust and stimulate the academic engagement as well as for embedding the university innovation support units in the industrial network, and the later may result in concrete commercialization projects. Our results also indicate that this broader strategy for innovation support seems to appeal better to the fields of humanities and social science compared to traditional tech-transfer. Still, many results need to be codified, and more research is needed to fully understand the impact of academia-industry interactions over time.
Design and Optimization Method of a Two-Disk Rotor System
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Zheng Longxi , Mei Qing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn integrated analytical method based on multidisciplinary optimization software Isight and general finite element software ANSYS was proposed in this paper. Firstly, a two-disk rotor system was established and the mode, humorous response and transient response at acceleration condition were analyzed with ANSYS. The dynamic characteristics of the two-disk rotor system were achieved. On this basis, the two-disk rotor model was integrated to the multidisciplinary design optimization software Isight. According to the design of experiment (DOE) and the dynamic characteristics, the optimization variables, optimization objectives and constraints were confirmed. After that, the multi-objective design optimization of the transient process was carried out with three different global optimization algorithms including Evolutionary Optimization Algorithm, Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm and Pointer Automatic Optimizer. The optimum position of the two-disk rotor system was obtained at the specified constraints. Meanwhile, the accuracy and calculation numbers of different optimization algorithms were compared. The optimization results indicated that the rotor vibration reached the minimum value and the design efficiency and quality were improved by the multidisciplinary design optimization in the case of meeting the design requirements, which provided the reference to improve the design efficiency and reliability of the aero-engine rotor.
Fruit Consumption by Youth in the United States
Authors: Herrick Kirsten A. , Rossen Lauren M. , Nielsen Samara Joy , Branum Amy M. , Ogden Cynthia L. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVES:To describe the contribution of whole fruit, including discrete types of fruit, to total fruit consumption and to investigate differences in consumption by sociodemographic characteristics.METHODS:We analyzed data from 3129 youth aged 2 to 19 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011 to 2012. Using the Food Patterns Equivalents Database and the What We Eat in America 150 food groups, we calculated the contribution of whole fruit, 100% fruit juices, mixed fruit dishes, and 12 discrete fruit and fruit juices to total fruit consumption. We examined differences by age, gender, race and Hispanic origin, and poverty status.RESULTS:Nearly 90% of total fruit intake came from whole fruits (53%) and 100% fruit juices (34%) among youth aged 2 to 19 years. Apples, apple juice, citrus juice, and bananas were responsible for almost half of total fruit consumption. Apples accounted for 18.9% of fruit intake. Differences by age were predominately between youth aged 2 to 5 years and 6 to 11 years. For example, apples contributed a larger percentage of total fruit intake among youth 6 to 11 years old (22.4%) than among youth 2 to 5 years old (14.6%), but apple juice contributed a smaller percentage (8.8% vs 16.8%), P &lt; .05. There were differences by race and Hispanic origin in intake of citrus fruits, berries, melons, dried fruit, and citrus juices and other fruit juices.CONCLUSIONS:These findings provide insight into what fruits US youth are consuming and sociodemographic factors that may influence consumption.
Analysis of the impact of studies published by Internext - Revista Eletrônica de Negócios Internacionais
Authors: González-Valiente Carlos Luis 
Published: September 2015

This is a citation analysis of the journal InternexT-Revista Eletrônica de Negócios Internacionais to determine the impact caused by studies published from 2006 to 2013. The software Publish or Perish (PoP) was used, which retrieves articles and citations from the Google Scholar database. Among the indicators applied were: distribution of authors per article, citations per year, citation versus self-citation, citable journals versus non-citable documents, citation of the journal versus uncited documents, co-word analysis and h-index. 131 articles were obtained with a total of 153 citations received until June 2014. The articles tend to have multiple authors and an upward trend in citations was detected. The levels of self-citation were very low and most of the citing sources are Brazilian journals. There were more uncited than cited articles and those published during the first years (2006-2008) caused a larger impact. The most cited articles are related to the topics of internationalization theory and strategy, transaction analysis and corporative governance. The h-index according to PoP is 6 and the g-index is 9.
Dynamics of an upland stream fish community over 40 years: trajectories and support for the loose equilibrium concept
Authors: Matthews William J. , Marsh‐Matthews Edie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPrevious theoretical models and empirical studies suggested that communities can exist in a “stochastic” or “loose” equilibrium, diverging transiently but eventually returning toward earlier or average structure, in what we call here the “loose equilibrium concept” (LEC). We sampled the fish communities at 12 local stream reaches spaced broadly throughout a relatively undisturbed watershed in the Ozark Mountains of northern Arkansas, USA, in 11 surveys from 1972 to 2012 at a scale of decades, and at a subset of five of these local sites in a total of 16 surveys, allowing tests of the LEC at different spatial and temporal scales. Multivariate analyses of the dynamics of communities over the 40‐year period provided support for the LEC at both “global” and “local” scales within the watershed. At the broadest spatial scale, core species numerically dominated the community, and most common species remained so across all decades. In spite of two extraordinary floods, and interannual variation in abundance of some species, the 12‐site and five‐site global communities and eight of 12 local communities repeatedly returned toward average positions in multivariate space. Trajectories of the global and local fish communities varied relative to model hypothetical trajectories that were based on gradual vs. saltatory changes, and prevalence of returns toward average community structure. Beta diversity among sites was variable across time, but beta partitioning consistently showed that pure spatial turnover dominated over nestedness, because many common species were consistently distributed either upstream or downstream. This study suggests that vertebrate communities in relatively undisturbed environments may display dynamics consistent with the LEC. The LEC, combined with quantification of community trajectory patterns, can help to clarify whether systems are moving about within ranges of conditions that reflect expected noise, or, conversely, have moved so far out of previous bounds, as a result of climate change or human intervention, that they are permanently changed or “novel.”
Multigrid Methods in Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Fogwell T. W. , Brakhagen F. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The equations we solve are those for incompressible two phase flow in two dimensions. We use two general techniques, both using multigrid, one called IMPES and the other called the simultaneous solution (SS) method. The problem is discretized by the standard finite difference method with reflection boundary conditions. The standard multigrid method will fail because of the large jump discontinuities in the coefficients. The difference operator itself is used for the interpolation operator as originally proposed by Alcouffe, Brandt Dendy, and Painter. Although the finite difference operator on the finest grid has a five point star, the operators on the coarser grids all have nine point stars. For relaxation steps we use point, line and alternating line Gauss Seidel methods. With the W-cycles we use, the algorithm exhibits the usual multigrid efficiency. The average error reduction factor per work unit ranges from 0.25 to 0.6.
The system we use in the simultaneous solution method is symmetric. The finite difference discretization of the system leads to a symmetric, bloc-pentadiagonal system where the blocks are 2×2 submatrices. The off-diagonal blocks are diagonal matrices. The Discretization is backward in time with explicit mobilities. The scheme is unconditionally stable. We use a generalization of the interpolation procedure we use for the IMPES method applied to systems, which was originally proposed by Dendy. The coarse grid operator is still the Galerkin approximation. The interpolation and restriction operators, however, consist of submatrices. The relaxation is done by collective point, line or alternating line Gauss Seidel methods. The convergence of this multigrid method seems to be about the same as for the IMPES method. Because of the large accumulation term which appears on the coarser grids (not found with the IMPES method), the coarsest grid must be taken find enough to assure that the operator equation is nonsingular. This seems to impose no practical restriction on the method. We are currently testing different more efficient methods of obtaining the coarse grid operators. These promise to save much computational effort over the Galerkin approximation, particularly in three dimension.
Evaluation of Medical students perception on Personal Drug Selection for improving prospective Medical Education: A situational Analysis from Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Banerjee I , Saha A , Sathian B , Roy B , Banerjee I 
Published: September 2015

Background: Personal (P) drug selection is an important part of the pharmacology teaching and learning session. Most of the textbooks that are commonly followed by the medical schools of Nepal merely tell about the concepts of P drug selection. P drug selection lets students to think and make decisions about the drugs prescribed. The main objective of the study was to find the Medical students perspective of P- Drug selection from a medical college of Nepal.Methods: This cross sectional questionnaires based study was carried out at Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal from July 2008- July 2013. Chi square test and Odds Ratio were used for analytical purpose. Questionnaire validation tests showed that the Alpha Cronbach was 0.72.Results: P drug selection is an important part of MBBS curriculum, which was reflected by 74.9% of the medical students. Most of the students, around 82% responded that P drug is for a disease and 85% students felt that time should be increased for the exercise. Around 90.1% students felt that P drug selection gives knowledge of the full chapter and 90.1% of the students found it difficult to find out the cost of the drugs from different brands.Conclusion: The overall views of medical students on P drug selection were positive. The teaching and learning activity of P Drug Selection needs improvement in certain areas. In this exercise a student learns the rationale drug usage for a particular disease objectively and in an unbiased manner. With proper amendments in the teaching and learning methodology of P drug selection students can think and make decisions about the prescription writing, furthermore can reduce the chances of irrational prescribing by the future doctors. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.3(2) 2014: 89-93