bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific subcellular changes in oxidative stress in prefrontal cortex from patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Andreazza Ana C. , Wang Jun‐Feng , Salmasi Faraz , Shao Li , Young Lionel T. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPreviously, we found decreased mitochondrial complex I subunits levels and increased protein oxidation and nitration in postmortem prefrontal cortex (PFC) from patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). The objectives of this study were to replicate our findings in an independent sample of subjects with BD, and to examine more specifically oxidative and nitrosative damage to mitochondrial and synaptosomal proteins and lipid peroxidation in myelin. We isolated mitochondria, synaptosomes, and myelin using a percoll gradient from postmortem PFC from patients with BD, SCZ, and healthy controls. Levels of mitochondrial complex I and III proteins, protein oxidation (carbonylation), and nitration (3‐nitrotyrosine) were assessed using immunobloting analysis. Lipid peroxidation [lipid hydroperoxides (LPH), 8‐isoprostane (8‐Iso), 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (4‐HNE)] were measured using colorimetric or ELISA assays. We found decreased complex I subunits levels in BD subjects compared with control (CTL), but no difference in complex III subunits. Carbonylation was increased in synaptosomes from BD group while 3‐nitrotyrosine was increased in mitochondria from BD and SCZ groups. 8‐Iso was found increased in the BD group while 4‐HNE was increased in both SCZ and BD when compared with controls with no differences in LPH. Our results suggest that in BD mitochondrial proteins are more susceptible to potentially reversible nitrosative damage while more longstanding oxidative damage occurs to synaptic proteins.
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Oxidative stress has been shown to be higher in the brain of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Here, we demonstrated increased levels of protein oxidation in synaptosomes from postmortem prefrontal cortex from patients from BD group, while 3‐nitrotyrosine was increased in mitochondria from BD and schizophrenia (SCZ) groups. Moreover, lipid peroxidation was found increased in the BD when compared with controls; suggesting that in BD mitochondrial proteins are more susceptible to potentially reversible nitrosative damage while more longstanding oxidative damage occurs to synaptic proteins.
Relationship Between Sexual Dysfunction and Psychological Burden in Men with Infertility: A Large Observational Study in China
Authors: Gao Jingjing , Zhang Xiansheng , Su Puyu , Liu Jishuang , Shi Kai , Hao Zongyao , Zhou Jun , Liang Chaozhao 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although infertility is known to be associated with psychological and sexual problems, the relationship between these two aspects in infertile men has not been well investigated.

Aim
To investigate the incidence of sexual dysfunction and psychological burden, and their possible associations in infertile men.

Methods
From June 2009 to June 2012, a total of 1,468 infertile men and 942 fertile men were evaluated. Premature ejaculation (PE) and erectile dysfunction (ED) were measured by the PE diagnostic tool (PEDT), the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and the international index of erectile function (IIEF)-5. Anxiety and depression, which reflect the degree of psychological burden, were measured by the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS), respectively.

Main Outcome Measures
PE and ED were measured by the PEDT, IELT, and IIEF-5. Anxiety and depression were measured by the SAS and SDS, respectively.

Results
The incidences of PE and ED in the infertile group were significantly higher than those in the fertile group (PE: 19.01% vs.10.93%, P &lt; 0.001; ED: 18.05% vs. 8.28%, P &lt; 0.001). In addition, anxiety and depression were more prevalent in infertile than fertile men (Anxiety: 38.01% vs. 26.65%, P &lt; 0.001; Depression: 15.74% vs. 10.08%, P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, after adjusting for age in the infertile group, the PEDT score was positively associated with anxiety (adjusted r = 0.57; P &lt; 0.001) and depression (adjusted r = 0.54; P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, the IELT were negatively associated with anxiety (adjusted r = −0.40; P &lt; 0.001) and depression (adjusted r = −0.52; P &lt; 0.001). Similar negative relationships were also observed between the IIEF-5 score and anxiety (adjusted r = −0.49; P &lt; 0.001) or depression (adjusted r = −0.50; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
This is the first study to systematically evaluate the incidence of sexual dysfunction and psychological burden, and their possible associations in infertile men in China. Further in-depth studies are needed to confirm and extend these results.
No effects of short‐term sleep restriction, in a controlled feeding setting, on lipid profiles in normal‐weight adults
Authors: O'Keeffe Majella , Roberts Amy L. , Kelleman Michael , RoyChoudhury Arindam , St‐Onge Marie‐Pierre 
Published: May 2013

SummaryShort sleep has been associated with cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of short‐term sleep restriction on lipid profiles and resting blood pressure factors in young, normal‐weight individuals (14 men, 13 women). Participants were randomized to five nights of either habitual (9 h) or short (4 h) sleep in a cross‐over design separated by a 3‐week washout period. There was no sleep × day interaction on lipid profile and blood pressure. Short‐term sleep restriction does not alter lipid profiles and resting blood pressure in healthy, normal‐weight individuals. The association between short sleep and increased cardiovascular risk reported in the epidemiological literature may be the result of long‐term sleep restriction and poor lifestyle choices.
Measurement of the quality of care of patients admitted with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Ghaoui Rony , Friderici Jennifer , Visintainer Paul , K. Lindenauer Peter , Lagu Tara , Desilets David 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsProcess‐based quality measures are increasingly used to evaluate hospital performance. However, practices vary, and patients with cirrhosis are a challenge to manage, given their risks of mortality, morbidity, and resources utilization. In 2010, process‐based quality measures were developed to improve the care of these patients. We examined adherence with these quality measures for a cohort of patients admitted with decompensated cirrhosis in 2009.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to a tertiary‐care hospital with decompensated cirrhosis in 2009 (n = 149 379) hospitalizations. Quality indicator (QI) scores were calculated for each admission as a fraction, i.e., the number of quality markers met divided by the number of possible quality indices, given the patient's presentation (range, 0–1). QI scores were correlated with patient characteristics and clinical outcomes (30‐day readmission; inpatient death).ResultsQuality indicators were met 45% of the time (95% confidence interval, 40–51%). In multivariable analysis, QI scores were significantly lower among non‐English‐speaking patients and those who had congestive heart failure. QI scores were higher among patients with gastrointestinal bleeding or encephalopathy‐related admission to the hospital. QI scores were not associated with inpatient mortality or 30‐day readmission.ConclusionThere is substantial opportunity to improve the care of patients hospitalized for decompensated cirrhosis. Additional research is needed to identify effective strategies for closing gaps in care. Adherence to quality measures did not affect clinical outcomes, but if easily measured in other settings could be used to compare hospitals and practices.
The pseudometeorite Angara
Authors: Pedersen Holger 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSeveral pallasites are known to have formed strewn fields with multiple fragments. Therefore, it seems possible that the famous Krasnojarsk pallasite—the Pallas Iron of 687 kg—could have been accompanied by one or more additional fragments that had not been recovered due to incomplete observations from the overgrown and remote place of fall. During a survey for literature accounts of distant fragments in such a hypothetical strewn field, a report of native iron was found, dating to 1847. The fragments of nickel‐free iron—amounting to at least a few kg—had been recovered 1836–1843 during placer gold mining north of the Angara River. The position of these finds is coincident with Burovaya, Murozhna, and Uderei, the three known fragments of the pseudometeorite Angara, all collected in 1885.
The practical limits of inventing traditions: the failed reinvention of the Sinjska Alka
Authors: Erözden M. Ozan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe Alka is a traditional game in Croatia, held to commemorate the victory of the local warriors of the region of Cetina over the Ottoman army in 1715. The Croatian nationalist discourse of the 1990s tried to reinvent the Alka as symbol of a certain national identity, by nationalising this local event and emphasising its religious aspect. In a period of just over a decade, however, the project of reinventing the Alka has failed completely. This paper analyses the reinvention of the Alka and its failure in order to argue that concrete cases of invented tradition are context dependent and may encounter practical limits.
Negotiation Success—An Application of the Halpert et al. Path Model
Authors: Fells Ray 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNegotiations by two mining companies to conclude a Deed of Cooperation are examined using Halpert et al.'s (2010) Path Model of Negotiation Success. The goal–cooperation path identified in the model is found to be a key dynamic in the case study. However, other factors, such as a strategic leadership role and the task of document drafting, also had an impact on the process. The parties' measure of success related more to the substantive than to the relational aspects of the outcome. The article shows how experimental and case study research can complement each other to enrich researchers' understanding of the negotiation process.
Impact of primary spherical aberration, spatial frequency and Stiles Crawford apodization on wavefront determined refractive error: a computational study
Authors: Xu Renfeng , Bradley Arthur , Thibos Larry N 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPurposeWe tested the hypothesis that pupil apodization is the basis for central pupil bias of spherical refractions in eyes with spherical aberration.MethodsWe employed Fourier computational optics in which we vary spherical aberration levels, pupil size, and pupil apodization (Stiles Crawford Effect) within the pupil function, from which point spread functions and optical transfer functions were computed. Through‐focus analysis determined the refractive correction that optimized retinal image quality.ResultsFor a large pupil (7 mm), as spherical aberration levels increase, refractions that optimize the visual Strehl ratio mirror refractions that maximize high spatial frequency modulation in the image and both focus a near paraxial region of the pupil. These refractions are not affected by Stiles Crawford Effect apodization. Refractions that optimize low spatial frequency modulation come close to minimizing wavefront RMS, and vary with level of spherical aberration and Stiles Crawford Effect. In the presence of significant levels of spherical aberration (e.g. = 0.4 μm, 7 mm pupil), low spatial frequency refractions can induce −0.7 D myopic shift compared to high SF refraction, and refractions that maximize image contrast of a three cycle per degree square‐wave grating can cause −0.75 D myopic drift relative to refractions that maximize image sharpness.DiscussionBecause of small depth of focus associated with high spatial frequency stimuli, the large change in dioptric power across the pupil caused by spherical aberration limits the effective aperture contributing to the image of high spatial frequencies. Thus, when imaging high spatial frequencies, spherical aberration effectively induces an annular aperture defining that portion of the pupil contributing to a well‐focused image. As spherical focus is manipulated during the refraction procedure, the dimensions of the annular aperture change. Image quality is maximized when the inner radius of the induced annulus falls to zero, thus defining a circular near paraxial region of the pupil that determines refraction outcome.
Is T‐helper type 2 shift schizophrenia‐specific? Primary results from a comparison of related psychiatric disorders and healthy controls
Authors: Chiang Sonnig Sue‐Whei , Riedel Michael , Schwarz Markus , Mueller Norbert 
Published: May 2013

AimAn imbalance between T‐helper type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) cytokines has been implicated in schizophrenia, although empirical evidence is rare. The aim of this study was to examine if a Th1/Th2 imbalance occurs in schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐related disorder.MethodsTwenty‐six subjects with schizophrenia, 26 subjects with schizophrenia‐related disorders, and 26 healthy controls were recruited. The Human Th1/Th2 Cytokine Cytometric Bead Array Kit‐II was utilized to assess serum Th1/Th2 cytokines and ratios simultaneously. MANOVA was used to detect differences among the three diagnostic groups in distinct Th1/Th2 cytokines/ratios. Pearson/Spearman correlations were used to examine the relationships between distinct Th1/Th2 cytokines/ratios and clinical/psychopathological data in schizophrenia.ResultsInterferon (IFN)‐γ/interleukin (IL)‐4, IFN‐γ/IL‐10, IL‐2/IL‐4, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α/IL‐4 ratios were significantly decreased in schizophrenia, but not in schizophrenia‐related disorders compared to healthy controls. IFN‐γ/IL‐4 and IFN‐γ/IL‐10 in schizophrenia subjects positively correlated with age, but not in schizophrenia‐related disorder subjects or in healthy controls.ConclusionA clear Th2 shift was observed in schizophrenia, but not in schizophrenia‐related disorders. The Th2 shift in schizophrenia appeared to be an aberrant developmental phenomenon.
Home visitation program for detecting, evaluating and treating socially withdrawn youth in Korea
Authors: Lee Young Sik , Lee Jae Young , Choi Tae Young , Choi Jin Tae 
Published: May 2013

AimThe problems of youth social withdrawal (or hikikomori) became a hot‐button social issue in Japan in the 1990s. Unfortunately, current nosology in the DSM‐IV may not adequately capture the concept of socially withdrawn youth (SWY) or hikikomori. This study aimed to investigate core SWY issues, evaluate SWY's psychopathologies, and approach them therapeutically through a home visitation program.MethodsParticipants were 65 youth referred by community mental health centers and psychiatric clinics around Seoul and Kyongki‐Do province. Among them, only 41 participants (31 male, 10 female, mean age 15 ± 3.6 years) fit our SWY criteria. In addition, 248 middle and high school students in Seoul were recruited as a baseline control group. Caseworkers interviewed the SWY participants and their parents in their homes, using our structured interview manual and a number of psychiatric scales. Caseworkers also approached the participants therapeutically.ResultsParticipants' Depression Inventory, Trait Anxiety Inventory, Social Anxiety Scale, and Internet Addiction Scale scores were significantly higher than those of baseline controls. Participants' mean number of psychotherapeutic sessions was 2.8, and the mean number of parental interview sessions was 3.4. After the therapeutic sessions, Global Assessment Functioning scores and social activities had improved somewhat in 68.3% of participants.ConclusionThese findings suggest that SWY is a complex phenomenon, so an individual psychopathologic process is very important for treatment. The most difficult problem in SWY treatment was therapeutic access. Hence, the home visit approach with a structured manual may be a good gateway for solving this problem.
Affective theory of mind in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Poletti Michele , Vergallo Andrea , Ulivi Martina , Sonnoli Alessandro , Bonuccelli Ubaldo 
Published: May 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to assess the hypothesis that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may have difficulties in tasks of affective theory of mind (ToM; the inference on others’ feelings) especially in moderate/advanced PD stages. Difficulties of cognitive ToM have already been described in several previous studies.MethodsAffective ToM was assessed with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes task in 35 PD patients and 35 healthy controls. Depression, global cognitive status and executive functioning were also evaluated. Patients were distinguished in early PD and moderate PD according to their scores in the Hoehn and Yahr Staging Scale.ResultsPD patients had more difficulties with affective ToM than healthy controls, also controlling for other variables that resulted in association with this ability. Early PD patients outperformed moderate PD patients, but this difference did not reach statistical significance when controlling for other variables.ConclusionThese findings confirmed that affective ToM may be impaired in PD, but any conclusion can be made on the effect of disease progression on this ability of social cognition. Therefore, longitudinal studies are needed to investigate this potential effect.
Dermatological Complications of Circumcision: Lesson Learned from Cases In a Pediatric Dermatology Practice
Authors: Tempark Therdpong , Wu Tim , Singer Craig , Shwayder Tor 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe discuss 11 cases of boys who presented with dermatologic complications of circumcision in an outpatient pediatric dermatology clinic. A medical practitioner had previously circumcised all patients during the newborn period. The majority of cases were found incidentally during initial thorough dermatologic examination. Late cutaneous complications included penile skin bridge, glandular adhesion of remnant foreskin, concealed penis, and a penile epidermal inclusion cyst. Minor surgical procedures under local anesthesia were performed in all but two cases. These cases should help dermatologists recognize the common late cutaneous complications of male newborn circumcision and provide insight into potential options for early intervention and management.
Reference values of oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy newborns
Authors: Akçay Ahmet , Tatar Aksoy Hatice , Uras Nurdan , Dilmen Uğur 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough oxidative stress‐related diseases mostly affect neonates with extremely low birthweight, healthy preterm and term newborns may also be at risk of oxidative damage. There have been studies concerning factors that affect the level of oxidative stress biomarkers in term and preterm neonates, but there has not been a study of the reference values of oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy newborns having no risk factors. The aim of the present study was to clarify this issue.MethodsSerum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) were assessed by Erel's method. TAC and TOS values were measured in 100 term infants, 57 boys and 43 girls, with a mean gestational age of 39 weeks and a mean birthweight of 3174 g.ResultsAll blood samples for TAC and TOS were taken on the fifth day. The median TAC and TOS values for all male and female neonates were 1.92 mmol Trolox equivalent/L (min–max; 1.41–2.09) and 12.93 μmol H2O2/L (min–max: 3.01–53.94), respectively. TAC and TOS values were not statistically different in male and female newborns. TAC and TOS values were not statistically different in newborns who had been delivered via a vaginal route or by cesarean section.ConclusionThis study can be used as a guide for the reference range of TAC and TOS values for healthy term newborns.
Tryptophan Cluster Protects Human γD‐Crystallin from Ultraviolet Radiation‐Induced Photoaggregation In Vitro
Authors: Schafheimer Nathaniel , King Jonathan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractExposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a significant risk factor for age‐related cataract, a disease of the human lens and the most prevalent cause of blindness in the world. Cataract pathology involves protein misfolding and aggregation of the primary proteins of the lens, the crystallins. Human γD‐crystallin (HγD‐Crys) is a major γ‐crystallin in the nucleus of the human lens. We report here analysis of UVR‐induced damage to HγD‐Crys in vitro. Irradiation of solutions of recombinant HγD‐Crys with UVA/UVB light produced a rise in solution turbidity due to polymerization of the monomeric crystallins into higher molecular weight aggregates. A significant fraction of this polymerized protein was covalently linked. Photoaggregation of HγD‐Crys required oxygen and its rate was protein concentration and UVR dose dependent. To investigate the potential roles of individual tryptophan residues in photoaggregation, triple W:F mutants of HγD‐Crys were irradiated. Surprisingly, despite reducing UVR absorbing capacity, multiple W:F HγD‐Crys mutant proteins photoaggregated more quickly and extensively than wild type. The results reported here are consistent with previous studies that postulated that an energy transfer mechanism between the highly conserved pairs of tryptophan residues in HγD‐Crys could be protective against UVR‐induced photodamage.
Restricting glutamylcysteine synthetase activity to the cytosol or glutathione biosynthesis to the plastid is sufficient for normal plant development and stress tolerance
Authors: Lim B. , Pasternak M. , Meyer A. J. , Cobbett C. S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is an important metabolite with a broad spectrum of functions, and its homeostasis is essential to maintain cellular redox poise and effective responses to stress in plants. In Arabidopsis GSH is synthesised in two successive enzymatic steps by γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), localised exclusively in plastids, forming the pathway intermediate γ‐glutamylcysteine (γ‐EC), and then by glutathione synthetase (GSH2), which is located in both plastids and cytosol. This suggests a mechanism for γ‐EC export from the plastids and, because the majority of GSH2 transcripts (90%) encode the cytosolic isoform, it is speculated that the cytosol may be the main compartment for GSH biosynthesis. With the availability of knockout lethal mutants of GSH1 and GSH2 in Arabidopsis, we were able to manipulate the GSH biosynthetic pathway within cells through transgenic techniques. We successfully complemented the gsh1 and gsh2 null mutants with a cytosol‐targeted bacterial EcGSHA and plastid‐targeted Arabidopsis GSH2 protein, respectively, to wild‐type phenotypes. These transgenics were little affected under heavy metal (cadmium) or oxidative stress (H2O2) when compared to the wild type. Collectively, our data show that redirecting GSH1 activity exclusively to the cytosol or restricting GSH biosynthesis to the plastids has no significant impact on development or stress resistance, suggesting efficient exchange of γ‐EC and GSH between the plastid and cytosol compartments within cells.