bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
-independence for compatible systems of (mod ) representations
Authors: Hui Chun Yin 
Published: March 2015

Let$K$be a number field. For any system of semisimple mod $\ell$Galois representations$\{{\it\phi}_{\ell }:\text{Gal}(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}/K)\rightarrow \text{GL}_{N}(\mathbb{F}_{\ell })\}_{\ell }$arising from étale cohomology (Definition 1), there exists a finite normal extension$L$of$K$such that if we denote${\it\phi}_{\ell }(\text{Gal}(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}/K))$and${\it\phi}_{\ell }(\text{Gal}(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}/L))$by$\bar{{\rm\Gamma}}_{\ell }$and$\bar{{\it\gamma}}_{\ell }$, respectively, for all$\ell$and let$\bar{\mathbf{S}}_{\ell }$be the$\mathbb{F}_{\ell }$-semisimple subgroup of$\text{GL}_{N,\mathbb{F}_{\ell }}$associated to$\bar{{\it\gamma}}_{\ell }$(or$\bar{{\rm\Gamma}}_{\ell }$) by Nori’s theory [On subgroups of$\text{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{F}_{p})$, Invent. Math.88(1987), 257–275] for sufficiently large$\ell$, then the following statements hold for all sufficiently large$\ell$.A(i) The formal character of$\bar{\mathbf{S}}_{\ell }{\hookrightarrow}\text{GL}_{N,\mathbb{F}_{\ell }}$(Definition 1) is independent of$\ell$and equal to the formal character of$(\mathbf{G}_{\ell }^{\circ })^{\text{der}}{\hookrightarrow}\text{GL}_{N,\mathbb{Q}_{\ell }}$, where$(\mathbf{G}_{\ell }^{\circ })^{\text{der}}$is the derived group of the identity component of$\mathbf{G}_{\ell }$, the monodromy group of the corresponding semi-simplified$\ell$-adic Galois representation${\rm\Phi}_{\ell }^{\text{ss}}$.A(ii) The non-cyclic composition factors of$\bar{{\it\gamma}}_{\ell }$and$\bar{\mathbf{S}}_{\ell }(\mathbb{F}_{\ell })$are identical. Therefore, the composition factors of$\bar{{\it\gamma}}_{\ell }$are finite simple groups of Lie type of characteristic$\ell$and are cyclic groups.B(i) The total$\ell$-rank$\text{rk}_{\ell }\bar{{\rm\Gamma}}_{\ell }$of$\bar{{\rm\Gamma}}_{\ell }$(Definition 14) is equal to the rank of$\bar{\mathbf{S}}_{\ell }$and is therefore independent of$\ell$.B(ii) The$A_{n}$-type$\ell$-rank$\text{rk}_{\ell }^{A_{n}}\bar{{\rm\Gamma}}_{\ell }$of$\bar{{\rm\Gamma}}_{\ell }$(Definition 14) for$n\in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{1,2,3,4,5,7,8\}$and the parity of$(\text{rk}_{\ell }^{A_{4}}\bar{{\rm\Gamma}}_{\ell })/4$are independent of$\ell$.
Activity of MM-398, Nanoliposomal Irinotecan (nal-IRI), in Ewing's Family Tumor Xenografts Is Associated with High Exposure of Tumor to Drug and High SLFN11 Expression
Authors: Kang Min H. , Wang Jing , Makena Monish R. , Lee Joo-Sang , Paz Nancy , Hall Connor P. , Song Michael M. , Calderon Ruben I. , Cruz Riza E. , Hindle Ashly , Ko Winford , Fitzgerald Jonathan B. , Drummond Daryl C. , Triche Timothy J. , Reynolds C. Patrick 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the pharmacokinetics and the antitumor activity in pediatric cancer models of MM-398, a nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI).
Experimental Design: Mouse plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics of nal-IRI and the current clinical formulation of irinotecan were characterized. In vivo activity of irinotecan and nal-IRI was compared in xenograft models (3 each in nu/nu mice) of Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (EFT), neuroblastoma (NB), and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). SLFN11 expression was assessed by Affymetrix HuEx arrays, Taqman RT-PCR, and immunoblotting.
Results: Plasma and tumor concentrations of irinotecan and SN-38 (active metabolite) were approximately 10-fold higher for nal-IRI than for irinotecan. Two doses of NAL-IRI (10 mg/kg/dose) achieved complete responses maintained for &gt;100 days in 24 of 27 EFT-xenografted mice. Event-free survival for mice with RMS and NB was significantly shorter than for EFT. High SLFN11 expression has been reported to correlate with sensitivity to DNA damaging agents; median SLFN11 mRNA expression was &gt;100-fold greater in both EFT cell lines and primary tumors compared with NB or RMS cell lines or primary tumors. Cytotoxicity of SN-38 inversely correlated with SLFN11 mRNA expression in 20 EFT cell lines.
Conclusions: In pediatric solid tumor xenografts, nal-IRI demonstrated higher systemic and tumor exposures to SN-38 and improved antitumor activity compared with the current clinical formulation of irinotecan. Clinical studies of nal-IRI in pediatric solid tumors (especially EFT) and correlative studies to determine if SLFN11 expression can serve as a biomarker to predict nal-IRI clinical activity are warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 1139–50. ©2015 AACR.
Mouse mammary stem cells express prognostic markers for triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Soady Kelly J , Kendrick Howard , Gao Qiong , Tutt Andrew , Zvelebil Marketa , Ordonez Liliana D , Quist Jelmar , Tan David Wei-Min , Isacke Clare M , Grigoriadis Anita , Smalley Matthew J 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of tumours in which chemotherapy, the current mainstay of systemic treatment, is often initially beneficial but with a high risk of relapse and metastasis. There is currently no means of predicting which TNBC will relapse. We tested the hypothesis that the biological properties of normal stem cells are re-activated in tumour metastasis and that, therefore, the activation of normal mammary stem cell-associated gene sets in primary TNBC would be highly prognostic for relapse and metastasis.

Methods
Mammary basal stem and myoepithelial cells were isolated by flow cytometry and tested in low-dose transplant assays. Gene expression microarrays were used to establish expression profiles of the stem and myoepithelial populations; these were compared to each other and to our previously established mammary epithelial gene expression profiles. Stem cell genes were classified by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and the expression of a subset analysed in the stem cell population at single cell resolution. Activation of stem cell genes was interrogated across different breast cancer cohorts and within specific subtypes and tested for clinical prognostic power.

Results
A set of 323 genes was identified that was expressed significantly more highly in the purified basal stem cells compared to all other cells of the mammary epithelium. A total of 109 out of 323 genes had been associated with stem cell features in at least one other study in addition to our own, providing further support for their involvement in the biology of this cell type. GO analysis demonstrated an enrichment of these genes for an association with cell migration, cytoskeletal regulation and tissue morphogenesis, consistent with a role in invasion and metastasis. Single cell resolution analysis showed that individual cells co-expressed both epithelial- and mesenchymal-associated genes/proteins. Most strikingly, we demonstrated that strong activity of this stem cell gene set in TNBCs identified those tumours most likely to rapidly progress to metastasis.

Conclusions
Our findings support the hypothesis that the biological properties of normal stem cells are drivers of metastasis and that these properties can be used to stratify patients with a highly heterogeneous disease such as TNBC.
Changes in insulin receptor signaling underlie neoadjuvant metformin administration in breast cancer: a prospective window of opportunity neoadjuvant study
Authors: Dowling Ryan JO , Niraula Saroj , Chang Martin C , Done Susan J , Ennis Marguerite , McCready David R , Leong Wey L , Escallon Jaime M , Reedijk Michael , Goodwin Pamela J , Stambolic Vuk 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The antidiabetic drug metformin exhibits potential anticancer properties that are believed to involve both direct (insulin-independent) and indirect (insulin-dependent) actions. Direct effects are linked to activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and an inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR signaling, and indirect effects are mediated by reductions in circulating insulin, leading to reduced insulin receptor (IR)-mediated signaling. However, the in vivo impact of metformin on cancer cell signaling and the factors governing sensitivity in patients remain unknown.

Methods
We conducted a neoadjuvant, single-arm, “window of opportunity” trial to examine the clinical and biological effects of metformin on patients with breast cancer. Women with untreated breast cancer who did not have diabetes were given 500 mg of metformin three times daily for ≥2 weeks after diagnostic biopsy until surgery. Fasting blood and tumor samples were collected at diagnosis and surgery. Blood glucose and insulin were assayed to assess the physiologic effects of metformin, and immunohistochemical analysis of tumors was used to characterize cellular markers before and after treatment.

Results
Levels of IR expression decreased significantly in tumors (P = 0.04), as did the phosphorylation status of protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt (S473), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2, T202/Y204), AMPK (T172) and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (S79) (P = 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P < 0.005 and P = 0.02, respectively). All tumors expressed organic cation transporter 1, with 90% (35 of 39) exhibiting an Allred score of 5 or higher.

Conclusions
Reduced PKB/Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, coupled with decreased insulin and IR levels, suggest insulin-dependent effects are important in the clinical setting. These results are consistent with beneficial anticancer effects of metformin and highlight key factors involved in sensitivity, which could be used to identify patients with breast cancer who may be responsive to metformin-based therapies.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00897884. Registered 8 May 2009.
Optimal power allocation on discrete energy harvesting model
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Gong Jie , Hu Congshi , Zhou Sheng , Niu Zhisheng 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper studies the power allocation problem in energy harvesting systems with finite battery. We adopt the discretized energy arrival and power allocation model. Hence, the service process can be modeled as a finite state Markov chain. Based on the discretized model, we analyze the stationary distribution of the Markov chain and formulate the utility maximization problem, which is then reformed as a linear programming problem. By analyzing the linear programming problem, we provide some intuition on the structure of the optimal power allocation policy and find the condition in which the greedy power allocation is optimal. Numerical simulations show the influence of the energy arrival process on the optimal power allocation policy, and the results are consistent with our analysis.
Research on an improved parallel algorithm based on user’s requirement in cognitive radar network
Authors: Yan Bingxin , Wang Shubin , Bao Yuanyuan 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In cognitive radar network, a parallel algorithm can allocate idle spectrum to cognitive radars, but it often ignores the user’s requirement. According to the graph theory, the topology of the network is divided into two different groups. In the process of distributing spectrum, each group summarizes the distributed information after completing a distribution. When a user’s demand is satisfied, every group is informed to not allocate the spectrum for the user anymore and deletes it from the topology at the same time. As a result, by deleting the node which the user’s requirement has already been met, the other nodes which are interfered with the node on the same channel can participate into spectrum allocation. The improved algorithm can ensure high spectrum utilization taking a little time that is spent on the spectrum allocation. The simulation result shows that the spectrum utilization of the improved algorithm is higher than that of the traditional parallel algorithm, and the user’s satisfaction increases greatly. Therefore, this paper aims to attempt to explore an improved parallel algorithm to resolve the problem by considering user’s requirement.
Incidence of kiaa1549‐braf fusion gene in Egyptian pediatric low grade glioma
Authors: Taha Hala , Yehia Maha , Mahmoud Madeha , El‐Beltagy Mohamed , Ghabriel Myret , El‐Naggar Shahenda 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundLow grade gliomas are the most common brain tumor in children. Tandem duplication involving the KIAA1549 and the BRAF kinase genes results in a gene fusion that has been recently characterized in a subset of low grade glioma While there is no clear evidence that the KIAA1549‐BRAF gene fusion has an effect on prognosis, it is an attractive target for therapy development and as a diagnostic tool.MethodsIn the current study we examine the prevalence of KIAA1549‐BRAF gene fusion in pediatric patients diagnosed with low grade glioma in the Egyptian population and its relationship to clinical and histological subtypes. Sixty patients between the ages of 1 to 18 years were analyzed for the presence of KIAA1549‐BRAF fusion gene products using reverse transcription‐PCR and sequencing. The clinicopathologic tumor characteristics were then analyzed in relation to the different fusion genes.ResultsKIAA1549‐BRAF fusion genes were detected in 56.6% of patients. They were primarily associated with pilocytic astrocytoma (74.2%) and pilomyxoid astrocytoma (60%). Translocation 15–9 was the most common, representing (55.8%) of all positive samples followed by 16–9 (26.4%) and 16–11 (8.8%). Pilocytic astrocytomas presented primarily with 15–9 (32.2%), 16–9 (25.8%) and 16–11 (6.4%) while pilomyxoid astrocytomas presented with 15–9 (46.6%), 16–9 (6.6%) and 16–11 (6.6%) translocations.ConclusionGene fusion is found to be significantly increased in cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma tumors. Furthermore, 15–9 was found to have a higher incidence among our cohort compared to previous studies. While most of the gene fusion positive pilomyxoid astrocytomas were 15–9, we find the association none significant.
Factors associated with inconsistency in self-reported mild
traumatic brain injury over time among military personnel in
Iraq
Authors: Nelson Nathaniel W. , Anderson Carolyn R. , Thuras Paul , Kehle-Forbes Shannon M. , Arbisi Paul A. , Erbes Christopher R. , Polusny Melissa A. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundEstimates of the prevalence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) among
military personnel and combat veterans rely almost exclusively on
retrospective self-reports; however, reliability of these reports has
received little attention.AimsTo examine the consistency of reporting of mTBI over time and identify
factors associated with inconsistent reporting.MethodA longitudinal cohort of 948 US National Guard Soldiers deployed to Iraq
completed self-report questionnaire screening for mTBI and psychological
symptoms while in-theatre 1 month before returning home (time 1,
T1) and 1 year later (time 2, T2).ResultsMost respondents (n = 811, 85.5%) were consistent in
their reporting of mTBI across time. Among those who were inconsistent in
their reports (n = 137, 14.5%), the majority denied mTBI
at T1 and affirmed mTBI at T2 (n = 123, 89.8%). Respondents rarely
endorsed mTBI in-theatre and later denied mTBI (n = 14,
10.2% of those with inconsistent reports). Post-deployment post-traumatic
stress symptoms and non-specific physical complaints were significantly
associated with inconsistent report of mTBI.ConclusionsMilitary service members' self-reports of mTBI are generally consistent
over time; however, inconsistency in retrospective self-reporting of mTBI
status is associated with current posttraumatic stress symptoms and
non-specific physical health complaints.
Latent structure of the proposed ICD-11 post-traumatic stress
disorder symptoms: Implications for the diagnostic algorithm
Authors: Forbes David , Lockwood Emma , Creamer Mark , Bryant Richard A. , McFarlane Alexander C. , Silove Derrick , Nickerson Angela , O'Donnell Meaghan 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundThe latent structure of the proposed ICD-11 post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) symptoms has not been explored.AimsTo investigate the latent structure of the proposed ICD-11 PTSD
symptoms.MethodConfirmatory factor analyses using data from structured clinical
interviews administered to injury patients (n = 613) 6
years post-trauma. Measures of disability and psychological quality of
life (QoL) were also administered.ResultsAlthough the three-factor model implied by the ICD-11 diagnostic criteria
fit the data well, a two-factor model provided equivalent, if not
superior, fit. Whereas diagnostic criteria based on this two-factor model
resulted in an increase in PTSD point prevalence (5.1%
v. 3.4%; z = 2.32,
P<0.05), they identified individuals with similar
levels of disability (P = 0.933) and QoL
(P = 0.591) to those identified by the ICD-11
criteria.ConclusionsConsistent with theorised reciprocal relationships between
re-experiencing and avoidance in PTSD, these findings support an
alternative diagnostic algorithm requiring at least two of any of the
four re-experiencing/avoidance symptoms and at least one of the two
hyperarousal symptoms.
Adverse childhood events and psychosis in bipolar affective disorder
Authors: Upthegrove Rachel , Chard Christine , Jones Lisa , Gordon-Smith Katherine , Forty Liz , Jones Ian , Craddock Nick 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundThere has been increasing interest in the association between childhood trauma and psychosis. Proposals for potential mechanisms involved include affective dysregulation and cognitive appraisals of threat.AimsTo establish if, within bipolar disorder, childhood events show a significant association with psychosis, and in particular with symptoms driven by dysregulation of mood or with a persecutory content.MethodData on lifetime-ever presence of psychotic symptoms were determined by detailed structured interview with case-note review (n= 2019). Childhood events were recorded using a self-report questionnaire and case-note information.ResultsThere was no relationship between childhood events, or childhood abuse, and psychosisper se. Childhood events were not associated with an increased risk of persecutory or other delusions. Significant associations were found between childhood abuse and auditory hallucinations, strongest between sexual abuse and mood congruent or abusive voices. These relationships remain significant even after controlling for lifetime-ever cannabis misuse.ConclusionsWithin affective disorder, the relationship between childhood events and psychosis appears to be relatively symptom-specific. It is possible that the pathways leading to psychotic symptoms differ, with delusions and non-hallucinatory symptoms being influenced less by childhood or early environmental experience.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bollapragada Srinivas 
Published: March 2015

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. The new book reviews editor, Wenjing Shen ( wenjings@drexel.edu ), will be pleased to receive an email from those willing to review a book, with an indication of specific areas of interest. If you are aware of a specific book that you would like to review, or you think should be reviewed, please contact Wenjing. The following books are reviewed in this issue of Interfaces, 45(2), March–April 2015: Nonlinear Optimization Applications Using the GAMS Technology, Neculai Andrei; Integrating Renewables in Electricity Markets, Juan M. Morales, Antonio J. Conejo, Henrik Madsen, Pierre Pinson, and Marco Zugno; Modelling and Managing Airport Performance, Konstantinos G. Zografos, Giovanni Andreatta, and Amedeo R. Odoni.
Collecting in an urban context: Relationships between collections and space in the home
Authors: McKenzie Sally M. , McMahon Bronte , Verlaat Ivy , Snow Stephen , Buys Laurie 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Collecting has become a popular hobby within western society, with collectables including anything from ‘bottle tops’ to ‘skyscrapers’. As the nature and size of these collections can impact upon the use of space in the home, the purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between the collections, space in the home and the impacts on others. This qualitative study explores the experiences of eleven Australian collectors, investigating the motivations, practices and adaption techniques used within their urban home environment. The themes of sentimentality, sociability and spatial tensions, including physical, personal and use of space are discussed within the context of their home and family environments. Overall the practice of collecting objects is a complex, varied, sentimental and sociable activity, providing enjoyment, knowledge and friendships. Space can be a central consideration to the practice of collecting as collections shape and are shaped by the available space in a household.
Immigrants as aliens in the Ghostbusters films
Authors: Clark Zoila 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this study, I will argue that Ghostbusters I (Reitman, 1984) and Ghostbusters II (Reitman, 1989) expose the ghosting patriarchal policies of the United States immigration system. These two films exemplify the way in which US attitudes towards minorities and people from other cultures shift from a position of fear and aggression to one of harmony and understanding. This is a complex process that has been gradually evolving since the blossoming of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.
The old ‘white actor playing a Chinese man’ trick: Get Smart and race
Authors: Harmes Meredith A. , Harmes Marcus K. , Harmes Barbara 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This article examines the portrayal of Chinese characters in Get Smart (1965–70). Get Smart was a 1960s American spy comedy based on the premise of good (Control) against evil (KAOS) set against the back drop of the Cold War. Many of the episodes in this comedy featured a Chinese character as the enemy. This article will examine the way the characterization and performance of the Chinese roles play out in Get Smart. It locates them within the long-standing but now highly dubious tradition of ‘yellowface’ casting in American vaudeville, theatre and cinema, as Caucasian actors almost always played the Chinese roles in Get Smart. More particularly it examines Get Smart and especially the episodes with Chinese characters as examples of adaptation. Doing so suggests that different and at times competing conceptions of Chinese archetypes have been brought onto the screen, from the oriental villainy of Sax Rohmer and Ian Fleming to the criminal detective genius of Earl Derr Biggers’ Chan stories. These archetypes (and indeed stereotypes would be a better word in some instances), nonetheless permit the argument that Get Smart brings onto the screen a reasonably complex understanding of its Chinese characters and a critical view of the American characters.
‘Bush camp’? The Topp Twins and Antipodean camp
Authors: Bannister Matthew 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This article extends Nick Perry’s concept of Antipodean camp – that there is a camp style common to settler popular cultures of Australia and New Zealand – by also considering possible differences between the two cultures and by re-emphasizing camp’s relation to gay and queer cultures. The Topp Twins, lesbian, anarchist, variety entertainers, are discussed as an act that both extend and challenge Perry’s ideas and the traditional association of camp and gay male culture. The article finishes by considering the degree to which they articulate a particularly New Zealand style, which I refer to as ‘bush camp’.