bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B and C Viruses in the General Population of Burkina Faso
Authors: Tao Issoufou , Compaoré Tegwindé R. , Diarra Birama , Djigma Florencia , Zohoncon Theodora M. , Assih Maléki , Ouermi Djeneba , Pietra Virginio , Karou Simplice D. , Simpore Jacques 
Published: August 2014

Objectives. In Burkina Faso, few studies reported the prevalence of HBV and HCV in the general population. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses in the general population and to determine the most affected groups in relation to the risk factors associated with the infection. Method. A voluntary testing opened to anyone interested was held at Saint Camille Medical Centre in Ouagadougou. Rapid tests were carried out on 995 persons who voluntarily answered a range of questions before the venous blood sampling. Results. The results revealed that the antigen HBs carriers in the general population represented 14.47% (144/995) and the prevalence of HCV was 1.00% (10/995). The difference between HBV’s prevalence in men (18.58%) and that in women (11.60%) was statistically significant (P = 0.002). The most affected groups were undergraduated students (19.57%) and persons working in the informal sector (15.98%). The least affected group was high level students (8.82%). Conclusion. Burkina Faso is a country with a high prevalence of HBV, while the incidence of HCV is still low in the general population. Therefore, more campaigns on the transmission routes of HBV and HCV are needed to reduce the spread of these viruses in sub-Saharan Africa.
Phosphoproteomic Profiling Reveals IL6-Mediated Paracrine Signaling within the Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors
Authors: Anderson Jennifer L. , Titz Björn , Akiyama Ryan , Komisopoulou Evangelia , Park Ann , Tap William D. , Graeber Thomas G. , Denny Christopher T. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Members of the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) contain tumor-associated translocations that give rise to oncogenic transcription factors, most commonly EWS/FLI1. EWS/FLI1 plays a dominant role in tumor progression by modulating the expression of hundreds of target genes. Here, the impact of EWS/FLI1 inhibition, by RNAi-mediated knockdown, on cellular signaling was investigated using mass spectrometry–based phosphoproteomics to quantify global changes in phosphorylation. This unbiased approach identified hundreds of unique phosphopeptides enriched in processes such as regulation of cell cycle and cytoskeleton organization. In particular, phosphotyrosine profiling revealed a large upregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation upon EWS/FLI1 knockdown. However, single-cell analysis demonstrated that this was not a cell-autonomous effect of EWS/FLI1 deficiency, but rather a signaling effect occurring in cells in which knockdown does not occur. Conditioned media from knockdown cells were sufficient to induce STAT3 phosphorylation in control cells, verifying the presence of a soluble factor that can activate STAT3. Cytokine analysis and ligand/receptor inhibition experiments determined that this activation occurred, in part, through an IL6-dependent mechanism. Taken together, the data support a model in which EWS/FLI1 deficiency results in the secretion of soluble factors, such as IL6, which activate STAT signaling in bystander cells that maintain EWS/FLI1 expression. Furthermore, these soluble factors were shown to protect against apoptosis.
Implications: EWS/FLI1 inhibition results in a novel adaptive response and suggests that targeting the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway may increase the efficacy of ESFT therapies. Mol Cancer Res; 12(12); 1740–54. ©2014 AACR.
A novel synthetic approach to 11-substituted dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines
Authors: Zaware Nilesh , Ohlmeyer Michael 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A novel protocol for the synthesis of 11-substituted dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines is reported. Seven compounds were designed as analogs of the antipsychotic drug loxapine and antidepressant amoxapine. The key transformations include generation of a carbamate intermediate using phenyl chloroformate which avoids the use of harmful phosgene, a microwave-induced transformation of the carbamate intermediate into various urea derivatives, and a subsequent phosphorous oxychloride-induced cyclocondensation. The simple reactions and wide substrate scope enhance the practical application of this methodology.
Auditory Behavior in Everyday Life (ABEL) questionnaire in Hebrew and in Arabic and its association with clinical tests in cochlear-implanted children
Authors: Geal-Dor Miriam , Jbarah Rema , Adler Miriam , Yehezkely Michal Kaufmann , Adelman Cahtia 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the results of the Auditory Behavior in Everyday Life (ABEL) questionnaire adapted to Hebrew and to Arabic and its association to clinical test results in children with cochlear implants. As assessment of hearing by audiometry does not always adequately reflect performance in daily life, questionnaires have been developed to assess functioning in natural surroundings and to track progress. In order to evaluate cochlear-implanted children’s verbal and communicative abilities, the parental ABEL questionnaire was developed in 2002. The advantages of the ABEL questionnaire are that it is intended for a wide age range, is quick to administer, and is filled out by parents themselves.

Methods: The ABEL questionnaire was translated into Hebrew and into Arabic and routinely used in the clinic. A total of 61 questionnaires were thus filled out by parents of children with cochlear implants (ages 3.9–14.3 years) when they came for routine mapping. Retrospectively, data were analyzed and questionnaire results were compared with performance with the implant on several clinical tests: audiometric thresholds, discrimination (percentage) of vowel-consonant-vowel nonsense syllables, and results of speech perception tests with monosyllabic and bisyllabic words and with sentences in quiet and in noise.

Results: A correlation was found between the different sections of the questionnaire, and age at implantation had a significant effect on questionnaire scores. However, correlations between questionnaire score and clinical tests were found only for speech perception tests in noise and not in quiet or to audiogram and speech reception threshold.

Conclusions: As has been reported previously, self-evaluation or parental evaluation does not always correlate with all measured results of hearing performance. However, the subjective information collected through questionnaires can be valuable for evaluation of progress, for counseling and rehabilitation training, as well as for mapping.
Hypophosphatemic rickets caused by a novel splice donor site mutation and activation of two cryptic splice donor sites in the PHEX gene
Authors: Zou Minjing , Buluş Derya , Al-Rijjal Roua A. , Andıran Nesibe , BinEssa Huda , Kattan Walaa E. , Meyer Brian , Shi Yufei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractX-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is the most common inherited form of rickets. XLH is caused by inactivating mutations in the
Low-dimensional compounds containing cyanido groups. XXVII. Two forms of nitrosodicyanomethanide in Fe(II) complexes
Authors: Potočňák Ivan , Váhovská Lucia 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Two new ionic [Fe(bpy)3](ONC(CN)2)2·2HONC(CN)2 (1) and [Fe(phen)3](ONC(CN)2)2 (2) complexes have been synthesized (bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine, phen is 1,10-phenanthroline). X-ray structural analysis ((1): P21/n, a=11.7294(5), b=22.0774(11), c=16.2415(8) Å, β=98.910(5)°; (2): P21/c, a=9.4951(3), b=21.6640(9), c=17.3365(6) Å, β=92.483(3)°) revealed that their structures consist of one [Fe(bpy)3]2+ or [Fe(phen)3]2+ complex cation and two uncoordinated nitrosodicyanomethanide, ONC(CN)2
- counteranions; two molecules of unique nitrosodicyanomethanide acid HONC(CN)2 were found in (1), too. In the cations, the Fe(II) atom is coordinated by six nitrogen atoms of chelate coordinated neutral ligands forming a distorted octahedron coordination geometry. Both structures are stabilized by π-π interactions and hydrogen bonds, which are very strong in (1).
Sororin pre‐mRNA splicing is required for proper sister chromatid cohesion in human cells
Authors: Watrin Erwan , Demidova Maria , Watrin Tanguy , Hu Zheng , Prigent Claude 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSister chromatid cohesion, which depends on cohesin, is essential for the faithful segregation of replicated chromosomes. Here, we report that splicing complex Prp19 is essential for cohesion in both G2 and mitosis, and consequently for the proper progression of the cell through mitosis. Inactivation of splicing factors SF3a120 and U2AF65 induces similar cohesion defects to Prp19 complex inactivation. Our data indicate that these splicing factors are all required for the accumulation of cohesion factor Sororin, by facilitating the proper splicing of its pre‐mRNA. Finally, we show that ectopic expression of Sororin corrects defective cohesion caused by Prp19 complex inactivation. We propose that the Prp19 complex and the splicing machinery contribute to the establishment of cohesion by promoting Sororin accumulation during S phase, and are, therefore, essential to the maintenance of genome stability.
Telephone Peer Counseling of Breastfeeding Among WIC Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Reeder Julie A. , Joyce Ted , Sibley Kelly , Arnold Diane , Altindag Onur 
Published: August 2014

OBJECTIVE:
The US Surgeon General has recommended that peer counseling to support breastfeeding become a core service of the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). As of 2008, 50% of WIC clients received services from local WIC agencies that offered peer counseling. Little is known about the effectiveness of these peer counseling programs. Randomized controlled trials of peer counseling interventions among low-income women in the United States showed increases in breastfeeding initiation and duration, but it is doubtful that the level of support provided could be scaled up to service WIC participants nationally. We tested whether a telephone peer counseling program among WIC participants could increase breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity.

METHODS:
We randomly assigned 1948 WIC clients recruited during pregnancy who intended to breastfeed or were considering breastfeeding to 3 study arms: no peer counseling, 4 telephone contacts, or 8 telephone contacts.

RESULTS:
We combined 2 treatment arms because there was no difference in the distribution of peer contacts. Nonexclusive breastfeeding duration was greater at 3 months postpartum for all women in the treatment group (adjusted relative risk: 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–1.34) but greater at 6 months for Spanish-speaking clients only (adjusted relative risk: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.10–1.51). The likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding cessation was less among Spanish-speaking clients (adjusted odds ratio: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.68–0.89).

CONCLUSIONS:
A telephone peer counseling program achieved gains in nonexclusive breastfeeding but modest improvements in exclusive breastfeeding were limited to Spanish- speaking women.
An Innovative Nonanimal Simulation Trainer for Chest Tube Insertion in Neonates
Authors: Gupta Ashish O. , Ramasethu Jayashree 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Competence in the chest tube insertion procedure is vital for practitioners who take care of critically ill infants. The use of animals for training is discouraged, and there are no realistic simulation models available for the neonatal chest tube insertion procedure. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of teaching the chest tube insertion procedure by using an easily constructed, nonanimal simulation model.METHODS:An inexpensive infant chest tube insertion model was developed by using simple hardware. A prospective cohort study with pre-posttest intervention design was conducted with pediatric and combined internal medicine–pediatrics residents. Residents completed a questionnaire about their previous experience of chest tube insertion, knowledge, self-evaluation of knowledge, comfort, and skills; pre, post, and a month after an individualized education session and demonstration of the procedure on the model. Clinical skills were assessed by using a 32-point scoring system when residents performed the procedure on the model immediately after training and a month later.RESULTS:All residents had significant improvement in knowledge and self-evaluation of knowledge, comfort, and skills scores after the education session and training on the model and this improvement was retained after 1 month (P &lt; .001). Clinical skills scores decreased slightly 1 month after training (P = .08). Scores were not significantly different between the levels of trainees.CONCLUSIONS:An educational intervention using an easily constructed and inexpensive chest tube insertion model is effective in improving knowledge, comfort, and skills in trainees. The model can be used repeatedly to maintain proficiency.
EXCURSO SOBRE O CONCEITO DE CONTRACULTURA
Authors: Lima Artemilson Alves 
Published: August 2014

RESUMO
O fenômeno da contracultura, desde a década de 1970 do século passado, tem sido objeto de vários estudos por parte de cientistas sociais, semióticos, poetas e outros estudiosos em geral. A intensa onda de rebeldia que marcou os anos de 1960, 1970 e 1980 no mundo ocidental, é sempre discutida numa abordagem dicotômica em relação ao modelo de sociedade burguesa capitalista, cuja racionalidade foi desprezada e combatida pelos beats, hippies e “descolados” que engrossavam as fileiras do que se convencionou chamar de contracultura. Este trabalho aborda a contracultura numa outra perspectiva e aponta para a possibilidade de compreendermos a esse fenômeno como resultado da dinâmica da própria cultura, sendo parte do necessário comportamento desviante que movimenta e transforma criativamente os cenários pelos quais as culturas se expressam, como parte deles também. Apoiamos nossa reflexão em autores como Roszak (1972); Maciel(1985); Pereira(1985); Bauman(1988;2012), entre outros.
Palavras-chave: contracultura; cultura; juventude; sociedade burguesa.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL EMANCIPATÓRIA NA ESCOLA: POSSIBILIDADES DA PRÁTICA EDUCATIVA DOCENTE
Authors: Bento Izabela Carvalho , Thomazi Áurea Regina Guimaraes 
Published: August 2014

A educação ambiental é um tema transversal que deve estar presente em todas as disciplinas do ensino fundamental e médio, devido ao posicionamento em que a nossa natureza se encontra, principalmente nos dias atuais, início do século XXI. Este tema tornou-se importante por dar suporte ao professor para que ele possa trabalhar com os alunos o tema relacionado ao meio ambiente de forma mais participativa, crítica e consciente, com a intenção de desacelerar a destruição dos nossos recursos naturais e proteger mais a natureza,
incluindo o próprio ser humano e sua qualidade de vida.
Este artigo apresenta o trabalho desenvolvido nas escolas de ensino fundamental e médio do município de Aimorés (MG), promovido pelo Instituto Terra, como um caso bem-sucedido em educação ambiental, mostrando que é possível modificar uma realidade natural local com educação ambiental no contexto escolar, em uma perspectiva emancipatória na qual o aluno é mais dinâmico, crítico e participativo em suas atitudes em relação ao meio ambiente.
IFN-γ Primes Macrophage Activation by Increasing Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog via Downregulation of miR-3473b
Authors: Wu Cong , Xue Yiquan , Wang Pin , Lin Li , Liu Qiuyan , Li Nan , Xu Junfang , Cao Xuetao 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The classical activation of macrophages, one of major innate effector cells, requires IFN-γ pretreatment (priming) and subsequent TLR stimuli (triggering). The priming effect of IFN-γ can promote macrophages to secrete higher level of proinflammatory cytokines but lower level of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, enhancing microbicidal and tumoricidal activity of macrophages. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for IFN-γ–priming effect on macrophage activation remain to be fully understood. microRNAs (miRNAs) are now emerging as important regulators in immune response, including signaling transduction in immune cell function. In this study, we explored the effect of IFN-γ on miRNA expression profiling in macrophages and tried to identify the definite miRNA involved in the priming effect of IFN-γ. We discovered that miR-3473b, which was significantly downregulated after IFN-γ priming, could attenuate the priming effect of IFN-γ. miR-3473b promoted Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3 signaling and IL-10 production through directly targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) to suppress activation of macrophages and inflammatory response. Our data indicate that IFN-γ beefs up macrophage innate response and cytotoxicity by downregulating miR-3473b to release PTEN from suppression, and then the increase of PTEN contributes to the full activation of IFN-γ–primed macrophages. Our results provide mechanistic insight to priming effect of IFN-γ on macrophage classical activation by identifying an IFN-γ/miR-3473b/PTEN regulatory loop in the regulation of macrophage function.
IFNαR Signaling in Effector but Not Regulatory T Cells Is Required for Immune Dysregulation during Type I IFN–Dependent Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Srivastava Shivani , Koch Lisa K. , Campbell Daniel J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractType I IFNs are a family of proinflammatory cytokines that are essential for antiviral immunity but whose overexpression is associated with several autoimmune disorders. In this study, we asked how chronic IFN overexpression regulates the activity of different cell types and how this contributes to immune dysfunction during IFN-associated inflammatory diseases. We show that in mice that chronically overproduce type I IFNs owing to loss of the DNA exonuclease Trex1, inflammatory disease completely depends on IFNαR signaling in T cells. Although IFNs directly inhibited the proliferation and activation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, this was neither required nor sufficient for development of inflammatory disease. Rather, chronic IFN expression directly promoted the expansion and activation of effector T cells, and disease development was completely dependent on IFNαR signaling in these cells. Thus, chronic IFN expression can drive inflammatory disease via its direct effects on effector, but not regulatory, T cells.
Missed opportunities in child healthcare
Authors: Jonker Linda , Stellenberg Ethelwynn L. 
Published: August 2014

Background: Various policies in health, such as Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses, were introduced to enhance integrated service delivery in child healthcare. During clinical practice the researcher observed that integrated services may not be rendered.Objectives: This article describes the experiences of mothers that utilised comprehensive child health services in the Cape Metropolitan area of South Africa. Services included treatment for diseases; preventative interventions such as immunisation; and promotive interventions, such as improvement in nutrition and promotion of breastfeeding.Method: A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological approach was applied to explore the experiences and perceptions of mothers and/or carers utilising child healthcare services. Thirty percent of the clinics were selected purposively from the total population. A convenience purposive non-probability sampling method was applied to select 17 mothers who met the criteria and gave written consent. Interviews were conducted and recorded digitally using an interview guide. The data analysis was done using Tesch’s eight step model.Results: Findings of the study indicated varied experiences. Not all mothers received information about the Road to Health book or card. According to the mothers, integrated child healthcare services were not practised. The consequences were missed opportunities in immunisation, provision of vitamin A, absence of growth monitoring, feeding assessment and provision of nutritional advice.Conclusion: There is a need for simple interventions such as oral rehydration, early recognition and treatment of diseases, immunisation, growth monitoring and appropriate nutrition advice. These services were not offered diligently. Such interventions could contribute to reducing the incidence of child morbidity and mortality.
Implications of Ambient Glucose Variation on the Target-to-Background Ratio of Hepatic Tumors By 18FDG-PET Imaging
Authors: Jolepalem Prashant , Flynt Lesley , Rydberg John N. , Wong Ching-Yee Oliver 
Published: August 2014

Objectives:
To investigate the effects of ambient glucose on quantitative analysis of hepatic tumors on 2-deoxy-2-(18F)-fluoro-D-glucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and to establish a method for glucose correction.

Patients and Methods:
Eighty-six patients with hepatic lesions identified on 18FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) were analyzed. The serum glucose level (Glc) was recorded prior to imaging, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) in the hepatic tumors and the average SUV in normal liver were determined. The inverse relationship of SUV to glucose can be defined as d (SUV)/d (Glc) = g*SUV/(Glc), where g is the glucose sensitivity. Simulations using glucose level from 70 to 250 mg/dl were performed to evaluate the effects of Glc on the maximum SUV of malignant hepatic lesions and normal liver.

Results:
By logarithmic transformation and linear regression, g for metastasis was significantly higher than that for normal liver (−0.636 ± 0.144 vs. −0.0536 ± 0.0583; P = 0.00092). Simulation studies showed that the SUV in malignant lesions will decrease rapidly when Glc level is >120 mg/dl, while background liver remains relatively constant up to 250 mg/dl.

Conclusion:
The tumor FDG uptake is much more sensitive to ambient glucose level variation than the background liver. Therefore, correction by the glucose sensitivity factor will result in more accurate SUV measurements and make semi-quantitative analysis of 18FDG PET scans more reliable.
The Limits of Conceptual Thinking
Authors: Bernet Rudolf 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis article emphasizes the importance of a conceptual analysis of our experience of the real world, it explores new forms of conceptual thinking, and it investigates their inherent and persistent limits. It shows that the limits are on both sides of conceptual thinking—in what allows for it and in what possibly escapes it. I begin by summarizing Heidegger's and Deleuze's objections against making philosophical thinking a matter of a subject that re-cognizes, represents to itself, and conceptualizes identical objects. In a second step I make use of Deleuze to explore the possibility of a new form of conceptual philosophical thinking that operates without the presuppositions of the (Kantian) “image of thought.” The last part of the article then deals with how Husserl, Bergson, and Spinoza promote a form of intuitive thinking that overcomes the limits of what we can conceptually conceive.
Nietzsche on Causation
Authors: Rayman Joshua 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
Snowed by his affirmation of certain model natural sciences, popular naturalist readings of Nietzsche, which assert that he is “engaged in giving causal explanations of various human phenomena,” fail to account for his critique of causality. This critique is at the heart of his critiques of metaphysics and natural science, for causality is the mechanism by which metaphysical concepts are generated and nature is transformed into a system of universal laws. I explain this connection by reference to his Aristotelian interpretation of causality and examine the radical entailments of this critique.