bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making security type systems less ad hoc
Authors: Nipkow Tobias , Popescu Andrei 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We present a uniform, top-down design method for security type systems
applied to a parallel while-language. The method takes the following
route: from a notion of end-to-end security via a collection
of stronger notions of anytime security targeting
compositionality to a matching collection of type-system-like
syntactic criteria. This method has emerged by distilling and unifying
security type system results from the literature while formalizing
them in a proof assistant. Unlike in our previous papers on this
topic, here we focus entirely on high-level ideas instead of technical
proof details.
Security in e-voting
Authors: Küsters Ralf , Truderung Tomasz 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Systems for electronic voting (e-voting
systems), including systems for voting over the Internet and systems
for voting in a voting booth, have been employed in many
countries. However, most of the systems used in practice today do
not provide a sufficient level of security. For example, programming
errors and malicious behavior resulting in the loss of votes and
incorrect election outcomes easily go undetected. In fact, numerous
problems with e-voting systems have been reported in various
countries. Therefore, in recent years modern e-voting systems have
been designed that, among others, allow voters to check that their
votes were counted correctly, even if voting machines and servers
have programming errors or are outright malicious.
In this paper, after a brief discussion of the problems
of today's e-voting systems, we explain fundamental security
properties modern e-voting systems should provide, including the
above mentioned so-called verifiability property, and present
a simple e-voting system to illustrate some of these properties. One
important goal of our work is to provide security guarantees of such
systems not only for abstract mathematical/cryptographic models of
the systems but for the implementation of the systems directly. This
requires us to combine various techniques and tools from
security/cryptography, program analysis, and verification.
Confidentiality for Android apps: Specification and verification
Authors: Ereth Sarah , Lortz Steffen , Perner Matthias 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The functionality of modern smartphones can
easily be enriched by a huge number of available apps. Studies have
shown that many of these apps leak private information of their
users to third parties. In this article, we demonstrate how a user
can ensure that the apps he installs keep his private information
confidential. By means of a concrete example, we show how an
informal confidentiality requirement can be formalized in the
specification language RIFL and how this requirement can be verified
in the app store Cassandra using the RSCP security analyser. In
particular, we demonstrate how Cassandra integrates the
information-flow analysis by the RSCP security analyser into the
installation process of an app from the perspective of a user.
Time-resolved fluorescence methods (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Lemmetyinen Helge , Tkachenko Nikolai V. , Valeur Bernard , Hotta Jun-ichi , Ameloot Marcel , Ernsting Nikolaus P. , Gustavsson Thomas , Boens Noël 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This IUPAC Technical Report describes and compares the currently applied methods for measuring and analyzing time-resolved fluorescence traces using phase-modulation fluorometry as well as pulse fluorometry (direct emission decay measurements, single-photon timing, streak camera measurements, fluorescence upconversion, and optical Kerr gating). The paper starts with a brief description of the basic principles for time and frequency domain fluorescence spectroscopy. The fundamental equations are given, and recommendations for adequate use are emphasized. The up-to-date, commonly employed excitation sources and photodetectors are described in detail. The analysis of time-resolved fluorescence data is discussed. Attention is paid to possible artifacts, and remedies are presented on how to avoid them or to account for them. Finally, fluorescence lifetime standards for the nanosecond and picosecond timescales are collected.
Development of a green material for horticulture
Authors: Oliveira Manuel , Mota Carlos , Abreu Ana S. , Nobrega J. Miguel 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), used as a matrix, was mixed with wood fibers, coffee grounds, fertilizer and a foaming agent to develop an ecofriendly material to be used in horticulture. For this application materials should have mechanical properties similar to PLA, increased biodegradability and a lower price than currently used materials. The new materials were prepared by melt processing in an internal mixer at 190°C and were characterized by several techniques. The mechanical properties of the biocomposites, measured by flexural tests, were similar to neat PLA, even with a reduction of 40 wt% of polymer. Biodegradation assessment by composting tests in an aerobic environment demonstrated that the green materials exhibited higher biodegradability than PLA. Biocomposites containing wood fibers and fertilizer were revealed to be the most suitable for horticulture application, as these can combine mechanical properties, biodegradability and fertilizer release. Moreover, this green material has two main advantages: it can be prepared using materials from natural resources, and it does not generate any residue after use.
Plasma total homocysteine levels and other biochemical parameters in Algerian patients with deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Amrane Mounira , Begag Samia , Houcher Zahira , Houcher Bakhouche , Touabti Abderrezak , Nasri Ramdane , Boussouf Kheira , Khattabi Soumia 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We studied total plasma homocysteine levels (tHcy) in Algerian patients with a deep venous thrombosis (DVT). We measured tHcy levels in a total of 99 subjects enrolled in this study, including 40 patients with DVT and 59 healthy controls. The mean tHcy level in the patients was 12.62±8.7 μmol/L and that in the controls was 10.2± 2.1 μmol/L. In a univariate regression model, tHcy concentrations were inversely correlated with triglycerides (TG) (r=–0.358; p=0.023) and total cholesterol (TC) (r=–0.454; p=0.003) concentrations. Logistic regression analysis showed that tHcy after adjustment was significantly associated with the following factors: TC (p=0.003) and TG (p=0.023). The analysis in DVT patients showed that variables independently associated with tHcy were TC [odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–2.6], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6–2.5), creatinine (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.7–2.6), and smoking (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.7–2.5). In conclusion, these results indicate that tHcy levels and other biochemical parameters are important determinant factors for DVT diseases in Algerian patients.
Laboruntersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung zwischen Mauer· und Ausfugemörtel und den Mauersteinen / Laboratory Studies of the Interaction between Bedding and Pointing Mortars and Building Stones
Authors: Santamaría S. Pavía , Bolton J. R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of bedding and pointing mortars have a major influence on the nature, rate and extent of decay of pointed stonework. Specially designed mortars can prevent physical damage and greatly reduce chemical and biological decay in both the mortars themselves and the adjacent stones. This study describes the physical and chemico-mineralogical changes that occur in a number of different stone-mortar combinations. Three types of mortar were designed and fabricated in the laboratory in accordance with [1,2]. These were examined in combination with Leinster granite, Portland limestone and Baumberger sandstone by exposing standard samples comprised of two pieces of stone 5 cm χ 5 cm χ 5 cm separated by a 5 mm mortar filled joint to artificial ageing tests in a chamber. Thin sections were examined to determine what changes had taken place in the stone and the mortar. The physical properties of the stones and mortars were determined separately. The lime mortar, though chemically well matched with the limestone and sandstone, proved to be unsuitable because of loss of cohesion. The resultant microcracking, detected by pétrographie microscope, appeared to be caused by shrinkage during drying rather than by carbonation or cycling-alteration processes. Granite-lime mortar combinations showed low adherence and decreased durability of the mortar. This effect may be the result of the greatly differing physical properties of the lime mix and granite. The ageing tests revealed a high durability in the cement mixes. The study demonstrated the suitability of cement content mortars with poorly sorted aggregate and plasticiser for bedding and pointing in granite stonework. They also illustrated the need for care with the design of lime mortar mixes to ensure adequate binder-aggregate adhesion.
Silikatischer Sandstein unter städtischen Umweltbedingungen: Verwitterung und Reinigung der Kirche Betlem (Barcelona, Catalonien) / A siliceous sandstone in an urban environment: the decay and cleaning of the church of Betlem (Barcelona, Catalonia)
Authors: Garcia-Vallès M. , Molerà J. , Vendrell-Saz M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The aims of this paper are to study and characterize the siliceous sandstone used in the construction of an important Barroque church placed in the down town of Barcelona. The degree of resistance to the urban polluted environment is evaluated and the decay forms and weathering mechanisms studied by means of mineralogical analytical techniques. A complete restoration campain was carried out including the cleaning of the whole facade and sculptural elements. We studied the rock previous to, during and after the cleaning processes. The main results achieved are as follows: i) two rock types have been identified as building stones which may be differenciated by the mineralogy of the cement leading to a different behaviour and durability; ii) several decay forms have been identified, namely the darkening of the surfaces by dirt accumulation, the weathering of the feldspars forming the rock and the transformation of formed pyrite nodules; iii) the mechanisms leading to the decay forms identified are studied and a model for the decay (aesthetical and physical) of this kind of stone is proposed for urban environment. On the basis of these results a cleaning process with water and neutral detergent using non metallic brushes as proposed was applied. The results of this cleaning on each lithotype are evaluated by means of microscopical analyses of fragments of stone after cleaning. The different behaviour of both types of stone are analyzed and documented on a microscopical scale.
Inj ektionsverfahren gegen kapillar aufsteigende Feuchtigkeit / Injection Procedures against Capillary Rising Damp
Authors: Weber H. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
For about 50 years now, the injection process has been used as an alternative to mechanical barriers against capillary rising damp in walls. There are still many, however, who are not convinced of the effectiveness of this process due to frequent improper use of the injection process to be applied or a wrong choice of injection agents. The following article describes how the injection agent works and the principles of the various injection procedures which are currently used today. Special emphasis is placed upon pressure injection, especially the multi-injection procedure as developed in recent years to enable us to treat severely damp cavity walls. The effectiveness of this extraordinary successful injection procedure is underlined by means of selected examples.
Numerische Simulation von Temperaturgradienten und thermisch induzierten Eigenspannungen in Natursteinplatten infolge von Sonneneinstrahlung / Simulation of Temperature Gradients and Stresses in Natural Stone Plates under Solar Radiation
Authors: Sadouki H. , Wittmann F. H. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The interaction between micro-organisms and natural stone surfaces has been studied in great detail in the past. The destructive mechanisms of micro-organisms can be roughly subdivided into (a) chemical attack and (b) physical attack. Microorganisms may physically destroy the structure of stones by creating an inter-granular swelling pressure. Recently, it has been shown experimentally that black spots formed by yeast-like fungi lead to a local temperature increase by selective absorption of solar radiation. The maximum temperature observed for clean marble surfaces remained below the maximum temperature observed on inoculated surfaces. As a consequence, thermal dilatation of inoculated marble was shown to be more important. Destruction of the heated stone occurs predominantly if there exists a thermal gradient. In this paper, temperature distribution in clean and stained marble plates have been simulated numerically. Thermal eigenstresses have been determined. It is shown that tensile stresses of up to 5 N/mm2 can be expected. This may cause damage in weak zones of the surface. A sudden driving rain leads to much higher stresses. Cyclic thermal loading may eventually destroy the surface by fatigue.
Bestimmung der Feuerwiderstandsdauer von Fachwerkwänden / Determination of the Fire Resistance Period of Half-timbered Walls
Authors: Leimer H.-P. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
As there are no certificated qualification for the fire resistance period of halftimbered walls different walls with and without claddings were tested. The tests were carried out in a small fire chamber and are based on DIN 4102. On the basis of the tests the dependence of the building elements and materials according tofire were revealed. It was obvious that careful sealings mainly in the area of joints could reduce the passage of fire and thereby the failure of the whole construction. Good sealings are clay and other insulating mortars that are used for infillings. Good sealing materials are further plaster and/or insulating plaster layers just as panel kind materials like gypsum and fire prevention boards. The present results are not able to replace a test according to DIN 4102 Τ 2/3 but they can be helpful for a judgement of an individual expert's opinion.
Nachträgliches Abdichten erdberührter Bauteile / Sealing of Structural Elements in Contact with Soil at a Later Stage
Authors: Kabrede H.-A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In order to seal structural elements which are in contact with soil at a later stage, external and internal sealing has been the usual practice for years. It is the aim of this contritution to point out the possibility of sealing by means of area injection in a structural element and veil injection in the soil. Both methods can be applied under water pressure. In particular, the requirement frequently formulated by representatives of service for the protection of monuments to seal a structure at a later stage without modifying the surface of historical structural elements is taken into consideration. Measures are discussed which may be applied if the serviceability of a new structure is jeopardized by water infiltration. Restoration methods, restoration planning and the necessary apparatus are described. In addition, the injection materials to be used are indicated depending on the water pressure.
Qualitätssicherung einer Parkdeckinstandsetzung mit Kunstharzbeschichtungen / Quality Control of a Car Park Repair Carried out by Means of Resin Coatings
Authors: Giger B. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The following article will describe the procedure of quality control of a car park repair with synthetic resin coating. Basic prerequisites for the realisation of the quality control are exact knowledge of the condition of the building, the assessment of possible repair variants, the necessary know-how in product application as well as the definition of the limits to be observed. The example shows that frequently the quality of the work carried out is improved in the process of construction up to a satisfactory level. Due to constant quality control, faults were discovered in time. Quality control has proved to be successful provided that all parties involved are behind this concept and are prepared to carry through the quality requirements defined.
Baustoffanalyse mit Infrarotspektroskopie / Analysis of building materials by infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Salzer R. , Lunkwitz R. , Braun T. , Mühle M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Modern methods of instrumental analysis provide very convenient ways to characterize building materials. At present, wet chemical procedures are still in use not only for sample preparation but also for the real investigation. Raster electron microsopy and x-ray diffraction are the preferred instrumental methods of analysis in many places. In this review the high potential of optical molecular spectroscopy for characterization of building materials will be demonstrated by typical examples. Extensive series of wet chemical analysis may be substituted even by a single IR spectroscopic measurement combined with modern procedures of chemometric data evaluation.
Typische Schäden in verputzten Sockelbereichen / Typical damages at renderings in base zones
Authors: Goretzki L. , Reisek D. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Damage at renderings in base zones caused by splash water are often observed. During this procedure, different situations have been investigated. Several types of renderings and paint systems as well as the exposition of the buildings are taken into consideration. Suggestions for higher durability of renderings in the base zone are made.
Quantitative Betrachtung der Sulfatdeposition bei Sichtmauerwerksbauten / Fair-faced brick masonry - Estimation of the deposition of sulphates
Authors: Franke L. , Schumann I. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Deterioration of the surface layer of brick masonry' facades is often due to accumulation of gypsum. While the source of the sulphates is the wet and dry deposition of SO,, the main supplier of the Calcium are the joints. The enrichment of salts may lead to damages within in the brick due to crystallisation pressures and the mechanical properties of the joints will suffer from the reduction of binder. Furthermore. the accumulation of gypsum will cause severe changes in the drying behaviour of the building material, which will enhance the microbiological colo nisation and induce later damages due to frost action in special cases.
Sanierungsvorschlag für den Turm der Oberkirche in Bad Frankenhausen / A proposal for the restoration of an inclining church tower at Bad Frankenhausen
Authors: Findeisen C. , Michalik I. , Schleußner H.-P. , Slowik V. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The tower of the Oberkirche at Bad Frankenhausen is inclining as a result of ground movements. Based on earlier documents and on the results of additional experimental investigations, a new safety evaluation has been undertaken. Furthermore, the authors tried to numerically simulate the geodynamic processes taking place in the ground by using geological models. As a result, a technical proposal for the preservation of the structure is presented.
Zum Reaktionsverhalten präkambrischer Grauwacken im alkalischen Milieu von Betonen / The reactions of precambrian greywackes in an alkaline pore solution of concretes
Authors: Hünger K.-J. , Wollgarn H. , Rathnow R. , Frey R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Two precambrian greywackes GW1A and GW1C with different structures were investigated to describe their reaction behaviour in concrete. A portlandcement CEM I, 32,5 with a high alkali content (Na2O-eq. = 1,4 %) was used. The soluble constituents of the greywackes in the alkaline pore solution of the concrete were determined by using a special method of chemical concrete analysis. The concrete samples were storaged in a special fog chamber at 40 °C and 100 % rel. humidity until to 9 month. The following conclusions can be given:
1 The concrete samples which were made with greywacke GWIA show a damage value of about 4 to 5 by means of rifts observed. Analogeous to the damage it can be found that the concentration of the soluble constituents which were release from greywacke begins at zero and increases continual}· until the end of the investigation. A specific discussion of several soluble oxides shows enormous differences between the reactivity of certain constituents investigated.
2 The concrete samples which were manufactured with greywacke GWIC show a damage value of about 1...2 only. But the quantity of the soluble constituents which come from the greywacke is higher. Characteristically here is a shoot up of the soluble constituents after beginning of the cement hydration process. After this the content of the soluble constituents decreases again. This behaviour in chemical reactivity of greywacke investigated can be declared by different structures. The mainly differences between both the GWIA and the GWIC were the size of the greywacke constituents. The chemical reactivity which was determined immediately after the alkali attack of the pore solution of the hardened cement and the macroscopical reactivity observed by means of rifts after 9 month are not the same.
Thermotrope Materialien für den Einsatz in „intelligenten Fenstern" / Thermotropic materials for application in "intelligent windows"
Authors: Seeboth A. , Holzbauer H.-R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Thermotropic materials as integrated part of „intelligent windows" based on polymer gel networks are developed. Systems change the transparency in dependence on temperature. These windows are able to protect buildings against superheating by sunshine. The aim of this work is the formation of a thermotropic material which operates like a heat filter. The effect is based on reproducible reversible phase transitions in the material. A decisive aspect is the adjustment of these transitions between the optical clear or opaque state of the windows, controled by the solar energy, to the perception of the human eye.
Einfluss der Betonuntergrundrauhigkeit auf das Haftvermögen zementgebundener Beschichtungen / Influence of the surface roughness of a concrete substrate on the adhesion of a cement-based coating
Authors: Trausch J.-L. , Wittmann F.H. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Concrete overlays are often used for the repair of damaged concrete surfaces. The material propreties of the concrete overlay are different from those of the substrate. Restraint of shrinkage and thermal strains result in tensile stresses. At the free boundaries of the system the tensile stresses reach a maximum value. If these values reach the adherence strength, strain softening and then delamination occur starting from the free boundaries. The adherence behaviour of such a repair layer depends on the surface roughness and could be characterized by the wedge splitting test by use of non-linear fracture mechanics. The surface roughness of the substrate could be determinated and correlated to the adherence behaviour of concrete repair layers.