bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fournier Gangrene as a Manifestation of Undiagnosed Metastatic Perforated Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chan Cyrus C. , Williams Mallory 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFournier gangrene is a necrotizing soft tissue infection involving the perineum. We present a case of Fournier gangrene as the clinical presentation of perforated metastatic rectal cancer. The patient is a 78-year-old man in a nursing home who presented to our institution with necrosis and ischemia of the scrotum. After wide debridement of necrotic tissue and bilateral orchiectomy, computed tomography was carried out to investigate abnormal findings seen on his chest X-ray, which revealed multiple pulmonary metastases as well as a mass highly suspicious for a perforated rectal mass. Once stable, a diverting colostomy and biopsies of the rectal mass were performed, confirming the presence of a metastatic, poorly differentiated rectal adenocarcinoma. Albeit an unusual etiology of Fournier gangrene, this case highlights the rare but important causes of this deadly condition and teaches us to be cognizant of the variations in the presentation of colorectal cancer.
Vignette Thyroid Surgery: A Glimpse Into its History
Authors: Dorairajan N. , Pradeep P.V. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAt present, physicians and surgeons treating thyroid disorders can rely on highly accurate and precise investigations, modern equipment, and state of the art operating theater to achieve optimum results; however, this was not the case at the beginning of the treatment of thyroid diseases centuries ago. We present a short history of the treatment and understanding of thyroid diseases in the past few decades. Also we present the contributions of the important surgeons who tried to perfect the treatment of thyroid diseases, including surgery, thus making modern day management easier.
Direct Trifluoromethylation of the CH Bond
Authors: Liu Hui , Gu Zhenhua , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTrifluoromethylation meets CH activation: after transition metal‐catalyzed trifluoromethylation became more and more popular, trifluoromethylation via CH activation is now emerging as the latest attraction. Several pioneering examples and their mechanisms are discussed in this review.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Acylation of O‐Phenyl Carbamates with α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids at Room Temperature
Authors: Sharma Satyasheel , Kim Aejin , Park Eonjeong , Park Jihye , Kim Minyoung , Kwak Jong Hwan , Lee Sang Hwi , Jung Young Hoon , Kim In Su 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed oxidative acylation of O‐phenyl carbamates with α‐oxocarboxylic acids via selective aromatic CH bond activation is described. This protocol represents the first ortho‐acylation of phenol derivatives, and a catalytic amount of triflic acid additive is crucial for this transformation.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Cyclohexylamine Derivatives from Prochiral Diketones via Three Biocatalytic Steps
Authors: Siirola Elina , Mutti Francesco G. , Grischek Barbara , Hoefler Sebastian F. , Fabian Walter M. F. , Grogan Gideon , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractProchiral bicyclic diketones were transformed to a single diastereomer of 3‐substituted cyclohexylamine derivatives via three consecutive biocatalytic steps. The two chiral centres were set up by a CC hydrolase (6‐oxocamphor hydrolase) in the first step and by an ω‐transaminase in the last step. The esterification of the intermediate keto acid was catalysed by a lipase in the second step if possible. For two substrates the CC hydrolytic step as well as the esterification could be run simultaneously in a one‐pot cascade in an organic solvent. In one example, the reaction mixture of the first two steps could be directly subjected to bio‐amination in an organic solvent without the need to change the reaction medium. Depending on the choice of the ω‐transaminase employed and the substrate the cis‐ as well as the trans‐diastereomers could be obtained in optically pure forms.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C(sp2)H Activation and Electrophilic Amidation with N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide
Authors: Tang Ren‐Jin , Luo Cui‐Ping , Yang Luo , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn electrophilic amidation via a cationic rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C(sp2)H activation has been developed with the commercially available N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide as the amino source under external oxidant‐free conditions. This amidation requires only a catalytic amount of base and exhibits excellent functional group tolerance and regioselectivity, providing a new avenue in direct C(sp2)H amidation.
Increased curvature of hollow fiber membranes could up‐regulate differential functions of renal tubular cell layers
Authors: Shen Chong , Meng Qin , Zhang Guoliang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTissue engineering devices as in vitro cell culture systems in scaffolds has encountered the bottleneck due to their much lower cell functions than real tissues/organs in vivo. Such situation has been improved in some extent by mimicking the cell microenvironments in vivo from either chemical or physical ways. However, microenvironmental curvature, commonly seen in real tissues/organs, has never been manipulated to regulate the cell performance in vitro. In this regard, this paper fabricated polysulfone membranes with or without polyethylene glycol modification to investigate the impact of curvature on two renal tubular cells. Regardless the varying membrane curvatures among hollow fiber membranes of different diameters and flat membrane of zero curvature, both renal cells could well attach at 4 h of seeding and form similar confluent layers at 6 days on each membrane. Nevertheless, the renal cells on hollow fibers, though showing confluent morphology as those on flat membranes, expressed higher renal functions and, moreover, the renal functions significantly increased with the membrane curvature among hollow fibers. Such upregulation on functions was unassociated with mass transport barrier of hollow fibers, because the cultures on lengthwise cut hollow fibers without mass transfer barrier showed same curvature effect on renal functions as whole hollow fibers. It could be proposed that the curvature of hollow fiber membrane approaching to the large curvature in kidney tubules increased the mechanical stress in the renal cells and thus might up‐regulate the renal cell functions. In conclusion, the increase of substrate curvature could up‐regulate the cell functions without altering the confluent cell morphology and this finding will facilitate the design of functional tissue engineering devices. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2173–2183. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Flow‐Injection Potentiometric System for Selective and Sensitive Determination of Serum Lithium Level
Authors: Coldur Fatih , Andac Muberra 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA potentiometric flow injection system was adopted by using a Li+‐selective electrode with improved selectivity for sensitive and selective determination of Li+ in human serum spiked samples. For the optimization of the offered flow injection system, multivariate method was utilized. Potentiometric characteristics of the system were investigated (linear range: 5.0×10−5−1.0×10−1 mol L−1, slope: 56.93 mV per decade, detection limit: 3.4×10−5 mol L−1, sampling‐rate: 40 injections per hour). The detection of Li+ in real serum samples was achieved. The obtained results for the spiked serum samples were in good agreement with IC results at 95 % confidence level.
Contact Free Impedance Methodology for Investigating Enzymatic Reactions into Dielectric Polymer Microchip
Authors: Faure Mathilde , Kechadi Mohammed , Sotta Bruno , Gamby Jean , Tribollet Bernard 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA methodology for free contact microchannel impedance measurements through a dielectric microchip was developed for monitoring the kinetics of enzymatic reactions. For that purpose, we propose a procedure which consists of subtracting the impedance contribution of the dielectric polymer layer, which separates the two parallel microband electrodes embedded in it, from the global microchip impedance. This operation allows microchannel impedance enhancement for real time monitoring of impedance modulus changes without direct electrical contact. Application for determination of kinetic parameters of enzyme‐substrate reaction independently of optical or electrochemical properties of the substrates is demonstrated. Hydrolysis 4‐nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) and 4‐aminophenylphosphate (pAPP), which are two substrates for Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), are taken as examples. Moreover, signal amplification response of the impedance modulus is achieved by the use of superparamagnetic microbeads as enzyme supports. Plotting the maximum rate against the ALP concentration gives rise to straight lines with a slope that is the hydrolysis catalytic pseudo first‐order rate constant, kcat. Sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility of these measurements have been demonstrated comparatively with both substrates. kcat values were 103 s−1 and 52 s−1 with pAPP and pNPP, respectively.
Electrochemically Prepared Polypyrrole‐2‐Carboxylic Acid Films: Synthesis Protocols and Studies on Biosensors
Authors: Foschini M. , Marletta A. , Faria R. C. , Leonard D. , Bessueille F. , Jaffrezic‐Renault N. , Gonçalves D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe process for obtaining polypyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid (PPY‐2‐COOH) films in acetonitrile was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry (EQCM), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Different potential ranges were applied during cyclic voltammetry experiments with the aim of obtaining films without and with the presence of controlled amounts of water added in acetonitrile. The FTIR spectra of the films have evidenced that cations and anions from the electrolyte solution were incorporated into the PPY‐2‐COOH structure, with a preferential adsorption of cations. After chemically immobilizing polyphenoloxidase (tyrosinase, PPO), PPY‐2‐COOH/PPO films were build for amperometric detection of catechol, establishing a linear limit of concentrations ranging from 5.0×10−4 to 2.5×10−2 mol L−1.
Biomarkers Detection on Hydrogenated Graphene Surfaces: Towards Applications of Graphane in Biosensing
Authors: Tan Shu Min , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGraphane, the hydrogenated form of graphene, is a material of significant interest. Here we compare properties of hydrogenated graphene and ordinary graphene used for electrochemical oxidation of important biomarkers, such as ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid.
Upper mantle seismic structure beneath central East Antarctica from body wave tomography: Implications for the origin of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains
Authors: Lloyd Andrew J. , Nyblade Andrew A. , Wiens Douglas A. , Hansen Samantha E. , Kanao Masaki , Shore Patrick J. , Zhao Dapeng 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains (GSM), located near the center of East Antarctica, are the highest feature within the East Antarctic highlands and have been investigated seismically for the first time during the 2007/2008 International Polar Year by the Gamburtsev Mountains Seismic Experiment. Using data from a network of 26 broadband seismic stations and body wave tomography, the P and S wave velocity structure of the upper mantle beneath the GSM and adjacent regions has been examined. Tomographic images produced from teleseismic P and S phases reveal several large‐scale, small amplitude anomalies (δVp = 1.0%, δVs = 2.0%) in the upper 250 km of the mantle. The lateral distributions of these large‐scale anomalies are similar in both the P and S wave velocity models and resolution tests show that they are well resolved. Velocity anomalies indicate slower, thinner lithosphere beneath the likely Meso‐ or Neoproterozoic Polar Subglacial Basin and faster, thicker lithosphere beneath the likely Archean/Paleoproterozoic East Antarctic highlands. Within the region of faster, thicker lithosphere, a lower amplitude (δVp = 0.5%, δVs = 1.0%) slow to fast velocity pattern is observed beneath the western flank of the GSM, suggesting a suture between two lithospheric blocks possibly of similar age. These findings point to a Precambrian origin for the high topography of the GSM, corroborating other studies invoking a long‐lived highland landscape in central East Antarctica, as opposed to uplift caused by Permian/Cretaceous rifting or Cenozoic magmatism. The longevity of the GSM makes them geologically unusual; however, plausible analogs exist, such as the 550 Ma Petermann Ranges in central Australia. Additional uplift may have occurred by the reactivation of pre‐existing faults, for example, during the Carboniferous‐Permian collision of Gondwana and Laurussia.
Impacts of human activities on recharge in a multilayered semiarid aquifer (Campo de Cartagena, SE Spain)
Authors: Baudron Paul , Barbecot Florent , Aróstegui José Luis García , Leduc Christian , Travi Yves , Martinez‐Vicente David 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe development of intense agriculture in semiarid areas modifies intensity and spatial distribution of groundwater recharge by summing irrigation return flow to limited rainfall infiltration. Environmental tracers provide key information, but their interpretation is complicated by more complex groundwater flow patterns. In multilayered aquifers, the real origin of the groundwater samples is hard to assess because of local mixing processes occurring inside long‐screened boreholes. We use environmental tracers (14C, 13C, 2H, 18O, 3H) to investigate the long‐term evolution of recharge in the five‐layer Campo de Cartagena aquifer in South‐Eastern Spain, in addition to high‐resolution temperature loggings to identify the depth of origin of groundwater. Despite the complex background, this methodology allowed a reliable interpretation of the geochemistry and provided a better understanding of the groundwater flow patterns. The tritium method did not give good quantitative results because of the high variability of the recharge signal but remained an excellent indicator of recent recharge. Nonetheless, both pre‐anthropization and post‐anthropization recharge regime could be identified and quantified by radiocarbon. Before the development of agriculture, recharge varied from 17 mm.year‐1 at the mountain ranges to 6 mm.year‐1 in the plain, whereas the mean annual rainfall is about 300 mm. In response to the increase of agricultural activity, recharge fluxes to the plain were amplified and nowadays reach up to 210 mm.year‐1 in irrigated areas. These values are strengthened by global water budget and local unsaturated zone studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of physical activity and heart failure with preserved vs. reduced ejection fraction in the elderly: the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Kraigher‐Krainer Elisabeth , Lyass Asya , Massaro Joseph M. , Lee Douglas S. , Ho Jennifer E. , Levy Daniel , Kannel William B. , Vasan Ramachandran S. 
Published: February 2013

AimsReduced physical activity is associated with increased risk of heart failure (HF) in middle‐aged individuals. We hypothesized that physical inactivity is also associated with greater HF risk in older individuals, and examined if the association was consistent for HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) vs. HF with a reduced ejection fraction (HFREF).Methods and resultsWe evaluated 1142 elderly participants (mean age 76 years) from the Framingham Study without prior myocardial infarction and who attended a routine examination when daily physical activity was assessed systematically with a questionnaire. A composite score, the physical activity index (PAI), was calculated and modelled as tertiles, and related to incidence of HF, HFPEF, and HFREF on follow‐up using proportional hazards regression models adjusting for age and sex, and then additionally for standard HF risk factors. Participants with HF and EF <45% vs. ≥45% were categorized as HFREF and HFPEF, respectively. On follow‐up (mean 10 years), 250 participants developed HF (108 with HFPEF, 106 with HFREF, 36 with unavailable EF). In age‐ and sex‐adjusted models, the middle and highest PAI tertiles were associated with a 15–56% lower risk of any HF, of HFREF, and of HFPEF, with a graded response across tertiles. In multivariable models, the association of higher PAI with lower risk of any HF and with HFPEF was maintained, whereas the association with HFREF was attenuated.ConclusionsOur study of an older community‐based sample extends to the elderly and to HFPEF previous findings of a protective effect of physical activity on HF risk.
Potential Functional Replacement of the Plastidic Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Subunit (accD) Gene by Recent Transfers to the Nucleus in Some Angiosperm Lineages
Authors: Rousseau-Gueutin Mathieu , Huang Xun , Higginson Emily , Ayliffe Michael , Day Anil , Timmis Jeremy N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEukaryotic cells originated when an ancestor of the nucleated cell engulfed bacterial endosymbionts that gradually evolved into the mitochondrion and the chloroplast. Soon after these endosymbiotic events, thousands of ancestral prokaryotic genes were functionally transferred from the endosymbionts to the nucleus. This process of functional gene relocation, now rare in eukaryotes, continues in angiosperms. In this article, we show that the chloroplastic acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit (accD) gene that is present in the plastome of most angiosperms has been functionally relocated to the nucleus in the Campanulaceae. Surprisingly, the nucleus-encoded accD transcript is considerably smaller than the plastidic version, consisting of little more than the carboxylase domain of the plastidic accD gene fused to a coding region encoding a plastid targeting peptide. We verified experimentally the presence of a chloroplastic transit peptide by showing that the product of the nuclear accD fused to green fluorescent protein was imported in the chloroplasts. The nuclear gene regulatory elements that enabled the erstwhile plastidic gene to become functional in the nuclear genome were identified, and the evolution of the intronic and exonic sequences in the nucleus is described. Relocation and truncation of the accD gene is a remarkable example of the processes underpinning endosymbiotic evolution.
High Prevalence of Sacrococcygeal Teratoma in Finland – A Nationwide Population‐Based Study
Authors: Pauniaho Satu‐Liisa , Heikinheimo Oskari , Vettenranta Kim , Salonen Jonna , Stefanovic Vedran , Ritvanen Annukka , Rintala Risto , Heikinheimo Markku 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimThe birth prevalence of sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) has been reported to range from 1:27 000 to 1:40 000. We assessed the population‐based prevalence and clinical presentation of SCT over 22 years.MethodsWe identified all cases of SCT, including live births, stillbirths and terminations of pregnancy (TOPs), in the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations, covering 1987–2008. Data on prenatal diagnoses, pregnancy outcomes, infant deaths and associated anomalies were collected.ResultsOne hundred and twenty four SCT cases were identified among 1 331 699 pregnancies. There were 89 (72%) live births, 13 (10%) stillbirths and 22 (18%) TOPs. The total prevalence of SCT was 1:10 700. Tumours were detected in utero in 55% of the pregnancies with SCT. The proportion of perinatal deaths among all SCT births was 28%. Thirty percentage of the cases had associated abnormalities (mainly of the urinary tract and various syndromes).ConclusionThis nationwide, population‐based study on SCT shows that the total and birth prevalence of SCT in Finland is markedly higher than previously reported. This may reflect true differences between populations, but may also be explained by accurate nationwide registration of SCTs. The high perinatal mortality rate has an impact on counselling of families and planning of deliveries.
The mentalistic basis of core social cognition: experiments in preverbal infants and a computational model
Authors: Kiley Hamlin J. , Ullman Tomer , Tenenbaum Josh , Goodman Noah , Baker Chris 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEvaluating individuals based on their pro‐ and anti‐social behaviors is fundamental to successful human interaction. Recent research suggests that even preverbal infants engage in social evaluation; however, it remains an open question whether infants’ judgments are driven uniquely by an analysis of the mental states that motivate others’ helpful and unhelpful actions, or whether non‐mentalistic inferences are at play. Here we present evidence from 10‐month‐olds, motivated and supported by a Bayesian computational model, for mentalistic social evaluation in the first year of life.A video abstract of this article can be viewed at http://youtu.be/rD_Ry5oqCYE
Brain injury due to anaphylactic shock as a result of formocresol used during root canal treatment
Authors: Ding Y.‐J. , Song H. , Liu J.‐H. , Wang G.‐H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimFormocresol is still used in many parts of the world despite concerns over its toxicity. A case of a 45‐year‐old women who experienced brain injury after an analyphlactic reaction to formocresol is presented.SummaryDuring routine root canal treatment, the patient experienced nausea and vomiting after formocresol was used as an antibacterial agent in the pulp chamber. The procedure was discontinued and the symptoms resolved. Four days later, the treatment was continued by a different dentist, and the patient developed anaphylactic shock within 10 min of placement of a formocresol‐soaked cotton pellet. She received emergency medical treatment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed brain injury characterized by swelling of the gyrus in the cerebral watershed territory of the left parietal–occipital lobe. The patient subsequently made a full recovery after supportive treatment.Key learning points

A type‐I allergic reaction can be induced by formocresol.

The reasons for the brain injury are thought to be cerebral hypoxia, which was induced by the anaphylactic shock and/or cerebral parenchymal oedema.

All dentists should be aware of the risks involved in the use of formocresol and avoid using materials containing formocresol and related agents.