bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological Modeling of Reconstructive Phase Transitions through Periodic Surfaces: Tin Dioxide I – A Calcium Chloride to Palladium Fluoride Type Transition
Authors: Bieri‐Gross Barbara , Nesper Reinhard 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFirst order phase transitions in solids are under thermodynamic as well as kinetic control. Different from molecular modelling we focus here on tracing cooperative rearrangements of groups of atoms by help of periodic equisurfaces (PES) derived from selected structure factors, which are common to the structures under consideration. Such drastic Fourier filtering is very helpful in deriving the cooperative pictures of first order phase transitions. This report analyses the transition of SnO2 from the calcium chloride modification to the cubic high pressure form called “Pa3 phase”. An outline is given how to define a common unit cell for the two limiting structures based on the assumption of smallest net diffusion, i.e. conserving most structural features. Our approach garanties a minimum of integral displacement but has only indirect relation to energy considerations, such as small unit cells, short pathways and preservation of dominat structural features.
A Novel Facile Room Temperature Chemical Lithiation for Reduction of Eu3+ in NASICON Crystal Structure
Authors: Wang Jiao , Zhang Zhi‐Jun , Zhao Jing‐Tai 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFacile and effective synthesis strategy is dramatically desirable for basic studies and practical applications of Eu2+ luminescent materials. In this work, facile chemical lithiation is used for reduction of trivalent Eu3+ ions into divalent Eu2+ ions in Eu1/3Zr2(PO4)3 crystal structure using nBu‐Li solution at room temperature. VUV/Vis luminescence properties, X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and magnetic properties were used to characterize the valence state of Eu ions in crystal structure of host lattice. The emission light color changes from orange‐red [Eu1/3Zr2(PO4)3] to blue‐green [LixEuIIxEuIII1/3–xZr2(PO4)3], and the samples are paramagnetic after this facile chemical lithiation. The ultra‐fast decay time (<50 ns) of Li0.286EuII0.286EuIII0.047Zr2(PO4)3 is attributed to the luminescence quenching effects of Eu3+ and Eu2+ co‐existing in the crystal structure. All the results indicate that this chemical lithiation method is a facile and effective method for Eu2+ luminescent materials fabrication and LixEuIIxEuIII1/3–xZr2(PO4)3 is a potential luminescent material.
Syntheses, Structures, and Luminescent Properties of Two Cadmium(II) Coordination Compounds based on a Sulfonate Functionalized Terpyridine Ligand
Authors: Shen Sa‐Sa , Bai Chao , Hu Huai‐Ming , Yuan Fei , Wang Xiaofang , Xue Ganglin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe coordination compounds [Cd(TBDS)(H2O)2]n (1) and Cd(TBDS)(bpy)2(H2O)·3H2O (2) {H2TBDS = 4‐([4,2′:6′,4′′‐terpyridine]‐4′‐yl)benzene‐1,3‐disulfonic acid, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine} were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that compound 1 is a twofold interpenetrating 3D framework with 4‐connected dia topology, whereas compound 2 is a mononuclear compound, which packed with each other via hydrogen‐bonding interactions to construct a three‐dimensional supramolecular structure, and contained unusual meso‐helical chains. Additionally, the luminescence properties and thermal stabilities of 1 and 2 were investigated.
Two Uranyl Complexes with Pyromellitic Acid. A Heterometallic Complex with U=O–CuII Interaction
Authors: Liang Lingling , Cai Yige , Li Xiang , Zhang Ronglan , Zhao Jianshe , Liu Chiyang , Seik Weng Ng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTwo uranyl complexes based on pyromellitic acid were hydrothermally synthesized, and their X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction structures were determined. Complex [UO2(Hbtec)]–(Himd)+·H2O (1) (H4btec = pyromellitic acid, imd = imidazole), is an ionic complex, which shows a typical (4, 4) topological structure in the space. A heterometallic complex, UO2Cu(btec)(phen) (2) (phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) results from the reaction of uranyl nitrate and copper(II) bromide with pyromellitic acid. The structure of complex 2 revealed that the chains of UO7 and CuO3N2 units were connected to each other through the carboxyl groups and U=O–Cu interactions to create a two‐dimensional framework.
The Surgical Management of Klatskin Tumours: Has Anything Changed in the Last Decade?
Authors: Bhardwaj Neil , Garcea Giuseppe , Dennison Ashley R. , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSurgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinomas requires complex pre‐, intra‐ and post‐operative decision‐making. Despite the significant progress in liver surgery over the years, several issues such as the role of pre‐operative biliary drainage, portal vein embolisation, staging laparoscopy and neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy remain unresolved. Operative strategies such as vascular resection, caudate lobe resection and liver transplant have also been practiced in order to improve R0 resectability and improved survival. The review aims to consolidate evidence from major studies in the last 11 years. Survival data were only included from studies that reported the results in at least 30 patients with 1‐year follow‐up. A significant number of patients may be prevented an unnecessary laparotomy if they underwent a staging laparoscopy. There remain no guidelines as to when portal vein embolisation or pre‐operative biliary drainage should be employed but most studies agree with pre‐operative biliary drainage being an absolute indication if portal vein embolisation is performed. Concomitant hepatectomy and caudate lobectomy increases R0 resection but vascular resection cannot be routinely recommended. Liver transplant at specialised centres in selective patients has had impressive results. Guidelines are required for pre‐operative biliary drainage and portal vein embolisation and randomised trials are required in order to define the role of vascular resection in achieving a R0 resection and increasing survival.
Pyogenic Liver Abscess: Does Escherichia Coli Cause more Adverse Outcomes than Klebsiella Pneumoniae?
Authors: Shelat Vishal G. , Chia Clement L. K. , Yeo Charleen S. W. , Qiao Wang , Woon Winston , Junnarkar Sameer P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis paper aims to demonstrate if Escherichia coli pyogenic liver abscess (ECPLA) results in adverse outcomes compared to Klebsiella pneumoniae PLA (KPPLA).MethodsA retrospective review of all patients admitted at a tertiary hospital in Singapore from 2003 to 2011 was performed. Patients with age <18 years, amoebic liver abscess, infected liver cyst, culture negative abscess or ruptured liver abscess requiring urgent surgical intervention were excluded. Only patients with blood or pus culture confirmation of ECPLA (n = 24) or KPPLA (n = 264) were included. Median length of hospital stay, failure of non‐operative therapy and 30‐day mortality are the reported outcomes.ResultsECPLA affects older patients (68 vs. 62 years, p = 0.049). Ischemic heart disease was more common in ECPLA (29 vs. 14 %, p = 0.048) and there was no difference in diabetic state (42 vs. 38 %, p = 0.743). ECPLA is more commonly associated with hyperbilirubinemia (60 vs. 34 µmol/L, p = 0.003), increased gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (236 vs. 16 IU/L, p = 0.038) and gallstones (58 vs. 30 %, p = 0.004). KPPLA are larger in size (6 vs. 4 cm, p = 0.006) and had percutaneous drainage (PD) more frequently (64 vs. 42 %, p = 0.034). There was no difference in median hospital stay (14 vs. 14 days, p = 0.110) or 30‐day mortality (17 vs. 10 %, p = 0.307) between ECPLA and KPPLA. Among patients with ECPLA, antibiotic treatment with PD appeared to have higher mortality compared to antibiotic treatment alone (30 vs. 7 %) but this was not significant (p = 0.272).ConclusionIn the setting of multimodal care, outcomes of ECPLA are comparable to KPPLA.
Single‐Site Robotic Cholecystectomy: The Timeline of Progress
Authors: Bibi Shahida , Rahnemai‐Azar Amir A. , Coralic Jasna , Bayoumi Mohamed , Khorsand Joubin , Farkas Daniel T. , Prasad Leela M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the learning curve and perioperative outcomes of single‐site robotic cholecystectomy during the first 102 cases by a single surgeon.Materials and methodsA retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was performed on the first 102 cases of single‐site robotic cholecystectomy. Patients were divided into five chronological groups based on the date of surgery, with 20 patients in each group except the 5th group which had 22 patients. The groups were compared by docking time, robotic dissection time, and overall surgery time. A P value of 0.05 was used as statistically significant.ResultsThe female to male ratio was 2:1. The mean age was 51 years (18–87) and the mean BMI was 28.26 (18–41). Overall, 69 % of the patients underwent elective cholecystectomy and 31 % required urgent surgery. In all, 17 % of patients had previous abdominal surgeries. In total, 45 % of procedures were regarded as same day surgery. The total mean length of stay was 1.97 days (0–8). The mean operative time was 110 min (36–265), mean robotic console time 70 min (26–179), and mean docking time 9 min (1–26). The overall conversion rate was 3.9 % and the complication rate was 4 %. The docking time, robotic time, and average operative time were significantly different in the first group as compared to the remaining the five groups (P = 0.001).ConclusionSingle‐site robotic cholecystectomy is safe in both elective and urgent conditions, and in patients with previous abdominal surgeries. It has a short learning curve.
Mindsets shape consumer behavior
Authors: Murphy Mary C. , Dweck Carol S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMindsets—or implicit theories—are the beliefs people have about the nature of human characteristics. This article applies mindset theory and research to the field of consumer behavior. Specifically, we suggest how a fixed or growth mindset may shape consumer product preferences, acceptance of brand extensions, trust recovery following product failures, as well as the effectiveness of advertising and marketing campaigns. We argue that people with a fixed mindset are more likely to seek products and brands in line with their goals to burnish their self‐image and demonstrate their positive qualities, while people with a growth mindset seek products that help them pursue their goals to improve and learn new things. Thus, products and brands may serve important self‐enhancement functions—encouraging consumers to reinforce or expand core aspects of their identity. We also suggest that brands and companies can project a fixed or growth mindset. In turn, these organizational mindsets should shape consumers' expectations of, and relationships with, products, brands, and companies.
Risk Communication During the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic: Stakeholder Experiences From Eight European Countries
Authors: Cloes Rasmus , Ahmad Amena , Reintjes Ralf 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to assess professional stakeholders’ perceptions of the risk-communication difficulties faced during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in Europe.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with experts involved in the management of the 2009 swine flu pandemic from different European countries. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded.ResultsA total of 25 experts from 8 European countries were interviewed: 9 from the micro-level, 10 from the meso-level, and 6 from the macro-level of employment. The interviews revealed 3 main themes: vaccine issues, communication issues, and general problems. As reasons for the low vaccination coverage, stakeholders mentioned the late arrival of the vaccines, the moderate character of the pandemic, vaccine safety concerns, and a general skepticism toward vaccination. Communication needs varied between the different levels of employment: macro- and meso-level stakeholders preferred fast information but from multiple sources; the micro-level stakeholders preferred one credible source. Throughout Europe, collaboration with the media was perceived as poor and professionals felt misunderstood.ConclusionsProfessional stakeholders should be enabled to access reliable information rapidly through preestablished channels; emphasis should be placed on establishing sustainable cooperations between experts and the media; and measures to improve trust in health authorities, such as the transparent communication of uncertainties, should be encouraged. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:127-133)
Public Acceptance of Peramivir During the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic: Implications for Other Drugs or Vaccines Under Emergency Use Authorizations
Authors: Quinn Sandra Crouse , Hilyard Karen , Castaneda-Angarita Nestor , Freimuth Vicki S. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that up to 88 million H1N1 influenza cases, 398,000 hospitalizations, and up to 18,050 related deaths, including significant racial and ethnic disparities, occurred between April 2009 and March 13, 2010. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved emergency use authorizations (EUAs), which allowed the distribution of unapproved drugs or the off-label use of approved drugs. In late 2009, peramivir was granted an EUA for patients with severe disease. This study examined factors associated with willingness to take peramivir.MethodsIn 2010 we conducted a nationally representative survey with 2079 respondents randomly drawn from the Knowledge Networks research panel. Our completion rate was 56%. Respondents received information about peramivir from a fact sheet and then answered questions about their willingness to take the drug.ResultsOverall, 48% of participants indicated that they would probably or definitely take peramivir. Seventy-nine percent definitely would take the drug if their doctor recommended it and there were no alternative treatments. There were significant racial differences in willingness. The termexperimentalto refer to the drug decreased willingness to accept peramivir among both whites and blacks.ConclusionsTrust in the FDA was important for peramivir acceptance. Particular care must be taken to ensure that patients and their families understand the complex nature of EUA drugs. Lessons learned can inform communication about future EUAs. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:166-174)
Risk Factors for In-Hospital Mortality among a Cohort of Children with Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Vendetti Neika , Zaoutis Theoklis , Coffin Susan E. , Sammons Julia Shaklee 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVEThe incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has increased and has been associated with poor outcomes among hospitalized children, including increased risk of death. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for all-cause in-hospital mortality among children with CDI.METHODSA multicenter cohort of children with CDI, aged 1–18 years, was established among children hospitalized at 41 freestanding children’s hospitals between January 1, 2006 and August 31, 2011. Children with CDI were identified using a validated case-finding tool (ICD-9-CM code for CDI plus C. difficile test charge). Only the first CDI-related hospitalization during the study period was used. Risk factors for all-cause in-hospital mortality within 30 days of C. difficile test were evaluated using a multivariable logistic regression model.RESULTSWe identified 7,318 children with CDI during the study period. The median age of this cohort was 6 years [interquartile range (IQR): 2–13]; the mortality rate was 1.5% (n=109); and the median number of days between C. difficile testing and death was 12 (IQR, 7–20). Independent risk factors for death included older age [adjusted odds ratio (OR, 95% confidence interval), 2.29 (1.40–3.77)], underlying malignancy [3.57 (2.36–5.40)], cardiovascular disease [2.06 (1.28–3.30)], hematologic/immunologic condition [1.89 (1.05–3.39)], gastric acid suppression [2.70 (1.43–5.08)], and presence of >1 severity of illness marker [3.88 (2.44–6.19)].CONCLUSIONPatients with select chronic conditions and more severe disease are at increased risk of death. Identifying risk factors for in-hospital mortality can help detect subpopulations of children that may benefit from targeted CDI prevention and treatment strategies.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(10):1183–1189
Pipe flow clogged with turbulence
Authors: Duguet Yohann 
Published: July 2015

The flow inside a circular pipe is known to support localised patches of turbulence travelling downstream. When the diameter of the pipe is slowly increasing, seemingly analogous but motionless patches can congest the flow and lead to disastrous energetic performance. Until now, no theory has predicted quantitatively the flow rates at which such a steady turbulent puff could be expected. The recent large-scale numerical study by Selvam et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 771, 2015, R2) offers the first realistic simulation of this phenomenon, with a detailed analysis of the bifurcation sequence leading from the laminar flow to the localised turbulence regime. Similarities and differences between straight and divergent cases are also discussed.
The impact of early growth patterns and infant feeding on body composition at 3 years of age
Authors: Ejlerskov Katrine T. , Christensen Line B. , Ritz Christian , Jensen Signe M. , Mølgaard Christian , Michaelsen Kim F. 
Published: July 2015

Early excessive weight gain is positively associated with later obesity, and yet the effect of weight gain during specific periods and the impact of infant feeding practices are debated. The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of weight gain in periods of early childhood on body composition at 3 years, and whether infant feeding modified the relationship between early growth and body composition at 3 years. We studied 233 children from the prospective cohort study, SKOT (in Danish: Småbørns Kost og Trivsel). Birth weightz-scores (BWZ) and change in weight-for-agez-scores (WAZ) from 0 to 5, 5 to 9, 9 to 18 and 18 to 36 months were analysed for relations with body composition (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance) at 3 years by multivariate regression analysis. BWZ and change in WAZ from 0 to 5 months were positively associated with BMI, fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) at 3 years. Full breastfeeding for 6 months (compared to less than 1 month) eliminated the effect of early growth (P= 0·01). Full breastfeeding for 6 months (compared to less than 1 month) also eliminated the positive relation between BWZ and FMI (P= 0·009). No effect modification of infant feeding was found for FFMI. In conclusion, high birth weight and rapid growth from 0 to 5 months were associated with increased FMI and FFMI at 3 years. Longer duration of full breastfeeding reduced the effect of birth weight and early weight gain on fat mass.
ReMo-SNPs: a new software tool for identification of polymorphisms in regions and motifs genome-wide
Authors: GRAAE LISETTE , PADDOCK SILVIA , BELIN ANDREA CARMINE 
Published: July 2015

SummaryStudies of complex genetic diseases have revealed many risk factors of small effect, but the combined amount of heritability explained is still low. Genome-wide association studies are often underpowered to identify true effects because of the very large number of parallel tests. There is, therefore, a great need to generate data sets that are enriched for those markers that have an increased a priori chance of being functional, such as markers in genomic regions involved in gene regulation. ReMo-SNPs is a computational program developed to aid researchers in the process of selecting functional SNPs for association analyses in user-specified regions and/or motifs genome-wide. The useful feature of automatic selection of genotyped markers in the user-provided material makes the output data ready to be used in a following association study. In this article we describe the program and its functions. We also validate the program by including an example study on three different transcription factors and results from an association study on two psychiatric phenotypes. The flexibility of the ReMo-SNPs program enables the user to study any region or sequence of interest, without limitation to transcription factor binding regions and motifs. The program is freely available at: http://www.neuro.ki.se/ReMo-SNPs/
Suitable habitat for recolonizing large carnivores in the midwestern USA
Authors: Smith Julia B. , Nielsen Clayton K. , Hellgren Eric C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLarge carnivores are recolonizing parts of North America and Europe as a result of modern management and conservation policy. In the midwestern USA, black bearsUrsus americanus, cougarsPuma concolorand grey wolvesCanis lupushave the potential to recolonize provided there is suitable habitat. Understanding where large carnivores may become re-established will prepare resource professionals for the inevitable ecosystem effects and potential human–carnivore conflicts associated with these species. We developed individual and combined models of suitable habitat for black bears, cougars and wolves in 18 midwestern states, using geospatial data, expert-opinion surveys, and multi-criteria evaluation. Large, contiguous areas of suitable habitat comprised 35, 21 and 13% of the study region for wolves, bears and cougars, respectively. Approximately 12% of the region was considered suitable for all three species. Arkansas, Minnesota, Texas and Wisconsin had the highest proportions (> 40%) of suitable habitat for black bears; Arkansas, Michigan, Missouri, Texas and Wisconsin had the highest proportions (≥ 20%) of suitable habitat for cougars; and only in four states in the study region was < 29% of land suitable wolf habitat. Models performed well when validated by comparing suitability values of independent sets of known carnivore locations to those of random locations. Contiguous areas of suitable habitat typically spanned multiple states, thus coordination across boundaries and among agencies will be vital to successful conservation of these species. Our models highlight differences in habitat requirements and geographical distribution of potential habitat among these carnivores, as well as areas vital to their persistence in the Midwest.
A high-voltage, long-pulse generator based on magnetic pulse compressor and Blumlein-type rolled strip pulse forming line
Authors: Li Song , Gao Jing-Ming , Yang Han-Wu , Qian Bao-Liang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a new technical scheme of high-voltage, long-pulse generator, mostly based on solid-state power devices, including magnetic pulse compressor, Blumlein-type rolled strip pulse-forming line (RSPFL) and inductive voltage adder (IVA), is proposed and investigated numerically and experimentally. The generator has potential advantages of high average power level, high repetitive rate capability, long lifetime, and long pulse achievability, which meet the requirements of military and industrial application of the pulsed power technology. Specifically, a two-stage magnetic pulse compressor was set up with iron-based amorphous cores. Total compression ratio of the device is approximately 12 and the achieved voltage efficiency is up to 92%. Low impedance, long-duration Blumlein-type RSPFL was established with characteristic impendence and electrical length of 3 Ω and 100 ns, respectively. Mylar film was selected as the solid-state dielectric. Increased by a four-stage IVA, typical quasi-square pulse was obtained with peak current of 2.3 kA and duration over 200 ns. As the resistance of the dummy load was measured to be 60 Ω, the peak voltage was approximately 138 kV. Experiments show reasonable agreement with numerical analysis.