bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key themes in periodontal treatment: Lessons learned from 40‐year experiences
Authors: Montesano Joseph M. , Fried Ronald M. , Dragan Irina F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases with significant implications for systemic health. This study aims to explore themes influencing successful long‐term outcomes in periodontal treatment through a historical lens, focusing on various factors influencing the longevity of periodontal health and dentition stability.MethodsUtilizing an inductive qualitative thematic analysis approach, this study utilized a retrospective chart review of 19 patient records spanning, on average, 40 years.ResultsFour major themes contributing to periodontal stability were identified: (1) adequate patient plaque control; (2) regular periodontal maintenance; (3) collaboration between hygienists and periodontists; and (4) the application of various periodontist/dentist‐performed procedures.ConclusionCurrent findings underscore the importance of these factors in preserving patients’ periodontal health by emphasizing conservative treatment approaches in the maintenance and retention of the natural dentition.Key points
Adequate patient plaque control is essential for maintaining a patient's periodontal health and dentition long‐term.
A regular periodontal maintenance schedule should be assigned and modified as necessary for each individual patient's care.
Collaborative care with hygienist colleagues and ensuring there are flexible treatment options for patients can lead to successful treatment outcomes when hygiene alone is not sufficient.
Plain language summaryPeriodontitis is a widespread oral disease with significant systemic health implications. This study examined patient records to identify factors contributing to long‐term periodontal stability and maintenance of teeth. By analyzing 19 patient charts over an average of 40 years using a qualitative approach, four key themes were identified in successful patient treatments: effective patient plaque control, regular periodontal maintenance, collaboration between dental hygienists and periodontists, and the addition of other approaches by periodontists and dentists when necessary. The study underscores the importance of these factors in preserving periodontal health and retaining natural teeth with conservative treatment approaches. This research highlights the critical role of sustained, multifaceted dental care and professional collaboration in achieving successful long‐term oral and systemic health outcomes.
Promoting multicultural and social justice counselling competency of international counselling students
Authors: Zhai Yusen , Prescod Diandra J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe enrolment of international students in US counselling programmes has been increasing steadily over the past decade. These international counselling students, as an emerging international workforce, can contribute to the decolonisation of counselling practice through the development of their multicultural and social justice counselling competency (MSJCC)—an essential counselling competency to improve counselling outcomes across culturally diverse clients. However, current US counsellor training programmes often fail to adequately address the unique challenges faced by international counselling students, which can impede their progress in enhancing MSJCC. This article explores specific challenges international counselling students encounter in developing MSJCC, underscoring the importance of culturally sensitive pedagogies. By focusing on the intersectional identities of international counselling students, this article proposes targeted pedagogical strategies that align US counsellor education with the lived experiences and challenges faced by these students. Case studies are provided to illustrate the application of these pedagogies. Promoting international counselling students' MSJCC can help prepare an international workforce capable of effectively working with a diverse global population and contribute to the decolonisation of counselling practices.
OsO2 as the Contrast‐Generating Chemical Species of Osmium‐Stained Biological Tissues in Electron Microscopy
Authors: Li Ruiyu , Wildenberg Gregg , Boergens Kevin , Yang Yingjie , Weber Kassandra , Rieger Janek , Arcidiacono Ashley , Klie Robert , Kasthuri Narayanan , King Sarah B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectron imaging of biological samples stained with heavy metals has enabled visualization of subcellular structures critical in chemical‐, structural‐, and neuro‐biology. In particular, osmium tetroxide (OsO4) has been widely adopted for selective lipid imaging. Despite the ubiquity of its use, the osmium speciation in lipid membranes and the process for contrast generation in electron microscopy (EM) have continued to be open questions, limiting efforts to improve staining protocols and therefore high‐resolution nanoscale imaging of biological samples. Following our recent success using photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) to image mouse brain tissues with synaptic resolution, we have used PEEM to determine the nanoscale electronic structure of Os‐stained biological samples. Os(IV), in the form of OsO2, generates nanoaggregates in lipid membranes, leading to a strong spatial variation in the electronic structure and electron density of states. OsO2 has a metallic electronic structure that drastically increases the electron density of states near the Fermi level. Depositing metallic OsO2 in lipid membranes allows for strongly enhanced EM signals and conductivity of biological materials. The identification of the chemical species and understanding of the membrane contrast mechanism of Os‐stained biological specimens provides a new opportunity for the development of staining protocols for high‐resolution, high‐contrast EM imaging.
Engineering of a Malonyl‐CoA Ligase for Production of Fluorinated Polyketide Extender Units
Authors: Paulsel Thaddeus Q. , Williams Gavin J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnzymatic platforms for producing malonyl‐CoA‐based extender units required for polyketide biosynthesis are often based on malonyl‐CoA ligases such as MatB from Rhizobium trifolii and Rhodopseudomonas palustris. However, despite broad interest in the fluorination of polyketides and prior success with engineering MatB homologs, the suitability of MatB for accessing the tertiary substituted fluoromethylmalonyl‐CoA needed to produce flurithromycin and solithromycin has not yet been reported. Herein, we report the structure‐guided engineering of a MatB homolog to optimize the production of fluoromethylmalonyl‐CoA, resulting in a variant with increased conversion and providing a platform to produce a suitable building block mixture for fluorinated macrolide production. Additionally, the mutant demonstrated broad utility for various substituted malonyl‐CoAs. The MatB mutant sets the stage to access fluorinated macrolides by coupling it with altered PKS machinery to install fluorinated malonyl‐CoA into macrolide scaffolds.
Pilot‐Scale Evaluation of Spiral‐Wound Modules in Osmotically Assisted Reverse Osmosis
Authors: Turetta Mattia , Bertucco Alberto , Briani Filippo , Barbera Elena 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (OARO) process is gaining attention for cost‐effective aqueous solution concentration. However, there is a lack of pilot‐scale studies. This research used two spiral‐wound modules in a pilot‐scale plant. The first one, an adapted commercial reverse osmosis module, showed no positive results, likely due to excessive membrane thickness and high internal concentration polarization. In contrast, the second one consisting of a novel forward osmosis prototype demonstrated promising outcomes, achieving water fluxes exceeding 2 L m−2 h−1 even at high salt concentrations (50 g L−1) and relatively low applied pressures (above 12 bar). The study highlights OARO potential, underscores limitations, and emphasizes the need for dedicated module design.
Effects of haze and weather in 2023 on crop maturation and yield in Ohio
Authors: Lindsey A. J. , Wilson A. B. , Ortez O. A. , Lindsey L. E. 
Published: July 2024

Plain Language SummaryWildfire smoke in 2023 led to hazy conditions throughout the United States in late June and early July. Farmers often asked what effect the haze had on the weather as well as crop growth and development. This report used weather data from Ohio to measure the impacts of smoke and haze on light availability, and to determine how temperatures may have been affected. Light during the season was reduced by up to 9% during the months of May–August, but reductions in temperature were more likely caused by northerly wind patterns rather than the haze. Cooler seasonal temperatures also contributed to delayed maturation and grain drydown in corn. Despite the haze and cooler temperatures, the 2023 state average yield of corn, soybean, and wheat were highest in 10 years. If haze conditions had occurred later in the season, the effect on corn and soybean maturation and yield may have differed.
Tetrel Bond Affects the Self‐Assembly of Acetylcholine and its Analogues and is an Ancillary Interaction in Protein Binding
Authors: Daolio Andrea , Calabrese Miriam , Pizzi Andrea , Lo Iacono Cristina , Demitri Nicola , Beccaria Roberta , Gomila Rosa M. , Frontera Antonio , Resnati Giuseppe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe −N+(CH3)3 residue is present in acetylcholine (ACh) and in many of its analogues which are used as selective ACh agonist or antagonists for human therapy. The X‐ray structures of four ACh derivatives show the presence of short and linear contacts between the C atoms of −N+(CH3)3 groups and lone pair possessing atoms. These contacts can be rationalized as tetrel bonds (TtBs) thanks to their geometric features. Interrogation of the Protein Data Bank suggests that similar −N+−C⋅⋅⋅nucleophile contacts affect the details of the binding of ACh and its derivatives to proteins. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules, noncovalent interaction plot, and natural bond orbital analyses consistently confirm that the −N+−C⋅⋅⋅nucleophile contacts observed in small molecule crystals and in substrate/protein complexes are attractive in nature and can be rationalized as TtBs. TtBs involving methyl groups of the −N+(CH3)3 moiety can be proposed as a new item in the palette of interactions allowing the compounds containing this pharmacophoric unit to bind to their target protein and/or to express their biological/pharmacological properties.
Efficient Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction from Wolframite Derived Heteroatom Materials
Authors: Li Linghui , Tusseau‐Nenez Sandrine , Marchat Clément , Tard Cédric 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNew materials for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts in alkaline conditions have been highly investigated in recent years for the advancement of water splitting. However, questions such as the lack of stability and the use of noble metals as electrocatalysts still need to be addressed. In this study, we report the synthesis and electrocatalytic properties of a series of wolframite tungsten‐based materials (MWO4, M=Fe, Mn, Ni, Co) towards OER in basic conditions. Our results showed that Ni0.5Mn0.5WO4 is a promising electrocatalyst, exhibiting ease of preparation, stability over the course of our experiments, and OER activity comparable to the standard iridium oxide. This study highlights the potential of wolframite tungsten‐based materials as a new class of electrocatalysts for OER in alkaline conditions.
Coordination and Diffusion in Glyoxal‐Based Electrolytes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Meyer Lea C. , Johansson Patrik , Balducci Andrea 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlyoxal‐based electrolytes have been identified as promising for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Here we investigate the properties of electrolytes containing potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) in 1,1,2,2‐tetra‐ethoxy‐ethane (tetra‐ethyl‐glyoxal, TEG) using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, Raman spectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy. The coordination and configuration of the complexes possible to arise from coordination of the K+ ions by FSI and TEG were investigated both from an energetic point of view as well as qualitatively determined via comparing experimental and artificial Raman spectra. Overall, the K+ coordination depends heavily on the electrolyte composition with contributions both from FSI and TEG. Energetically the coordination by both the trans FSI anion conformer and the TEG solvent with four z‐chain conformation is preferrable. From the spectroscopy we find that at lower concentrations, the predominant coordination is by TEG, whereas at higher concentrations, K+ is coordinated mostly by FSI. Concerning the diffusion of ions, investigated by impedance spectroscopy, show that the diffusion of the potassium salt is faster as compared to lithium and sodium salts in comparable electrolytes.
Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Adolescents With Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Frequency and Clinical Correlates
Authors: Monzani Benedetta , Luxton Rebecca , Jassi Amita , Krebs Georgina 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIncreasing empirical attention has been given to the role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the development and maintenance of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Yet, current research has predominantly focused on adult and nonclinical BDD samples, and little is known about relevance of ACEs in adolescent BDD. The present study examined (a) the frequency of ACEs in adolescents with a primary diagnosis of BDD (n = 50) versus obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) (n = 50) and (b) the clinical profile of ACE‐exposed youth with BDD. ACEs were ascertained through a systematic search of electronic patient records, as well as through a parent‐ and self‐report screening item for exposure to traumatic events. Results showed higher rate of peer victimisation (74% vs. 38%) and child maltreatment (44% vs. 24%) among BDD versus OCD youths; sexual abuse was the most common type of child maltreatment documented in the BDD group (28%) according to patient records. Parent‐reported exposure to traumatic events was also significantly higher in the BDD than the OCD group (40% vs. 18%, respectively). Clinical presentation and treatment outcomes did not differ between those with versus without a history of ACEs. The current study is the first to demonstrate that a range of ACEs are common in adolescent BDD. Our findings highlight the importance of screening for these experiences. Although further research is needed, our findings also indicate that adolescents with BDD who have a history of ACEs are broadly similar in their clinical presentation to those without, and benefit from BDD‐focused treatment.
Cognitions and Metacognitive Beliefs in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Nordahl Johanne , Johnson Sverre Urnes , Hjemdal Odin 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThere has been an increasing interest in understanding what contributes to the development and what maintains posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The cognitive model emphasizes that it is a disturbance of the autobiographical memory for the trauma, cognitive beliefs and maladaptive behaviour that maintain trauma symptoms. Interventions are based on cognitive restructuring and behaviour experiments to modify these beliefs. In contrast, the metacognitive model emphasizes that it is the metacognitive beliefs that give rise to the cognitive attentional syndrome (CAS) that maintain trauma symptoms. The focus of treatment is reducing CAS and working on metacognitive beliefs. The aim of this study was to explore the contribution of cognitions and metacognitive beliefs to trauma symptoms and investigate what predicts symptom burden in traumatized patients.MethodParticipants (N = 290) diagnosed with PTSD were included, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to explore if cognitions and metacognitive beliefs explained additional and independent variance in trauma symptoms while controlling for age and gender.ResultsBoth cognitions and metacognitive beliefs contributed independently and significantly to predicting trauma symptoms.ConclusionThe results provide further support for investigating what maintains trauma symptoms and what to target in treatment. This may have clinical implications for our theoretical and practical understanding of PTSD.
Generation and Characterization of hiPSC‐Derived Vascularized‐, Perfusable Cardiac Microtissues‐on‐Chip
Authors: Arslan Ulgu , van den Hil Francijna E. , Mummery Christine L. , Orlova Valeria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the heart in vivo, vasculature forms a semi‐permeable endothelial barrier for selective nutrient and (immune) cell delivery to the myocardium and removal of waste products. Crosstalk between the vasculature and the heart cells regulates homeostasis in health and disease. To model heart development and disease in vitro it is important that essential features of this crosstalk are captured. Cardiac organoid and microtissue models often integrate endothelial cells (ECs) to form microvascular networks inside the 3D structure. However, in static culture without perfusion, these networks may fail to show essential functionality. Here, we describe a protocol to generate an in vitro model of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived vascularized cardiac microtissues on a microfluidic organ‐on‐chip platform (VMToC) in which the blood vessels are perfusable. First, prevascularized cardiac microtissues (MT) are formed by combining hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes, ECs, and cardiac fibroblasts in a pre‐defined ratio. Next, these prevascularized MTs are integrated in the chips in a fibrin hydrogel containing additional vascular cells, which self‐organize into tubular structures. The MTs become vascularized through anastomosis between the pre‐existing microvasculature in the MT and the external vascular network. The VMToCs are then ready for downstream structural and functional assays and basic characterization. Using this protocol, cardiac MTs can be efficiently and robustly vascularized and perfused within 7 days. In vitro vascularized organoid and MT models have the potential to transition current 3D cardiac models to more physiologically relevant organ models that allow the role of the endothelial barrier in drug and inflammatory response to be investigated. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Generation of VMToCSupport Protocol 1: Functional Characterization of VMToCSupport Protocol 2: Structural Characterization of VMToC
Plant‐derived exosomes: A Green Nanomedicine for Cancer
Authors: Sonar Swarup , Anand Krishnan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExosomes are signalling molecules related to cell‐to‐cell communication. Based on sources (plants, stem cells, and immune cells derived exosomes) it offers promising therapeutic activity against cancer. Plant‐derived exosomes (PDEs) are natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are potent to provide organic precision nanomedicine to cancer therapeutics including targeted drug delivery. PDEs are gaining attention due to their safety and efficacy. There are plenty of different sources of PDEs in nature. This article explores various plants such as carrots, ginger, lemons, cabbages, blueberries, oranges, tomatoes, grapefruits, and tea leaves, which provide exosomes with distinct therapeutic properties, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. PDEs exhibit significant potential in drug delivery. Ongoing research and clinical trials predict that PDEs will become effective, and affordable solutions for cancer treatment.
Multidecadal vegetation transformations of a New Mexico ponderosa pine landscape after severe fires and aerial seeding
Authors: Wion Andreas P. , Stevens Jens T. , Beeley Kay , Oertel Rebecca , Margolis Ellis Q. , Allen Craig D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWildfires and climate change increasingly are transforming vegetation composition and structure, and postfire management may have long‐lasting effects on ecosystem reorganization. Postfire aerial seeding treatments are commonly used to reduce runoff and soil erosion, but little is known about how seeding treatments affect native vegetation recovery over long periods of time, particularly in type‐converted forests that have been dramatically transformed by the effects of repeated, high‐severity fire. In this study, we analyze and report on a rare long‐term (23‐year) dataset that documents vegetation dynamics following a 1996 post‐fire aerial seeding treatment and a subsequent 2011 high‐severity reburn in a dry conifer landscape of northern New Mexico, USA. Repeated surveys between 1997 and 2019 of 49 permanent transects were analyzed for differences in vegetation cover, richness, and diversity between seeded and unseeded areas, and to characterize the development of seeded and unseeded vegetation communities through time and across gradients of burn severity, elevation, and soil‐available water capacity. Seeded plots showed no significant difference in bare ground cover during the initial years postfire relative to unseeded plots. Postfire seeding led to a clear and sustained divergence in herbaceous community composition. Seeded plots had a much higher cover of non‐native graminoids, primarily Bromus inermis, a likely contaminant in the seed mix. High‐severity reburning of all plots in 2011 reduced native graminoid cover by half at seeded plots compared with both prefire levels and with plots that were unseeded following the initial 1996 fire. In addition, higher fire severity was associated with increased non‐native graminoid cover and reduced native graminoid cover. This study documents fire‐driven ecosystem transformation from conifer forest into a shrub‐and‐grass‐dominated system, reinforced by aerial seeding of grasses and high‐severity reburning. This unique long‐term dataset illustrates that post‐fire seeding carries significant risks of unwanted non‐native species invasions that persist through subsequent fires—thus alternative postfire management actions merit consideration to better support native ecosystem resilience given emergent climate change and increasing disturbance. This study also highlights the importance of long‐term monitoring of postfire vegetation dynamics, as short‐term assessments miss key elements of complex ecosystem responses to fire and postfire management actions.
Insect–microbe interactions and their influence on organisms and ecosystems
Authors: Holt Jocelyn R. , Cavichiolli de Oliveira Nathalia , Medina Raul F. , Malacrinò Antonino , Lindsey Amelia R. I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicroorganisms are important associates of insect and arthropod species. Insect‐associated microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, can drastically impact host physiology, ecology, and fitness, while many microbes still have no known role. Over the past decade, we have increased our knowledge of the taxonomic composition and functional roles of insect‐associated microbiomes and viromes. There has been a more recent shift toward examining the complexity of microbial communities, including how they vary in response to different factors (e.g., host genome, microbial strain, environment, and time), and the consequences of this variation for the host and the wider ecological community. We provide an overview of insect–microbe interactions, the variety of associated microbial functions, and the evolutionary ecology of these relationships. We explore the influence of the environment and the interactive effects of insects and their microbiomes across trophic levels. Additionally, we discuss the potential for subsequent synergistic and reciprocal impacts on the associated microbiomes, ecological interactions, and communities. Lastly, we discuss some potential avenues for the future of insect‐microbe interactions that include the modification of existing microbial symbionts as well as the construction of synthetic microbial communities.