bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Triphala, Aloe Vera, and Morinda Citrifolia (M. Citrifolia) as Potential Root Canal Irrigants and their Effectiveness in Decontaminating Gutta-Percha Cones: An In vitro Disk Diffusion and Digital Photo-Colorimeter-Based Study
Authors: Satyarth Saurabh , Subramani Savadamoorthi Kamatchi , Ganesan S , Swathika B , Sadananda Vandana , Chikkanna Meenakumari , Babu J Suresh , Swarnalatha C , Nayyar Abhishek Singh 
Published: August 2024

Context and Aim:
A plethora of chemicals have been used for gutta-percha decontamination, though none of these methods have proven to be fully effective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of triphala, aloe vera, and Morinda citrifolia (M. citrifolia) as potential root canal irrigants and their effectiveness in decontaminating gutta-percha cones against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Escherichia faecalis (E. faecalis), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

Materials and Methods:
The antimicrobial efficacy of different herbal extracts against the reference strains of the test pathogens was assessed based on the zones of inhibition created, while for testing decontamination of gutta-percha cones, sterile gutta-percha cones were incubated in thioglycollate broth (THIO) followed by the evaluation of the turbidity values of the broth (in formazin turbidity units (FTU)) through digital photo-colorimeter.

Statistical Analysis Used:
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) post hoc analysis were used for comparison between different groups. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The results of this study revealed that for E. faecalis and E. coli, 90% ethanolic extracts of aloe vera had maximum efficacy with the diameter of the zone of inhibition achieved being 23.0 mm and 17.0 mm, respectively, while for S. aureus, both aloe vera and M. citrifolia showed equal zones of inhibition of diameter of 22.0 mm at 10-1 concentration.

Conclusions:
The results obtained in this study suggested that all three tested herbal extracts were found to have optimal antimicrobial activity against the test pathogens.
Causes of Childhood Morbidity and Mortality in Emergency Pediatrics Unit of Rasheed Shekoni Specialist Hospital, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Also Umar , Gwarzo Garba D. 
Published: August 2024

Context:
Under-five mortality rate in Nigeria is still high. Majority of the death are due to preventable diseases.

Aim:
To identify the causes of morbidity and mortality and mortality rate among children admitted to the Emergency Pediatrics Unit.

Setting and Design:
The study was a retrospective. Medical records of children admitted to Emergency Pediatric Unit of state specialist hospital in north-western Nigeria from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrieved.

Material and Method:
A designed proforma was used to extract information from medical records. Ethical clearance was obtained from the hospital.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.

Results:
Records of 1,126 children admitted were analyzed. Their ages were 1 month to 13 years. Severe malaria (45.6%) and sepsis (13.9%) were the common reasons for admission. Majority (60.0%) were discharged home, 29.0% were transferred to the ward, and 0.5% discharged against medical advice. Mortality rate was 10.5%. Majority (50.3%) of the mortalities occurred less than 24 hours of admission. Under-five children had highest mortality (66.9%).

Conclusion:
Infectious diseases especially malaria and sepsis are still common causes of morbidity and mortality in children admitted to emergency unit.
Meibomian gland dysfunction treated with a novel device: A case series
Authors: Daniel Bastán-Fabián , Raúl Trejo Treviño , Moisés Guillén Ortiz Jan , Valdez-García Jorge Eugenio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The effectiveness of a novel device, the MGrX (OcuSci), in treating meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), is reviewed in this case series. The case series follows the ocular surface evaluation of 12 patients; all evaluated using the ocular surface disease index and infrared meibography with the Me-Check meibography device (Espansione, Italy). Evaluations were performed before and 4–6 weeks after therapy. The mean pretreatment OSDI score was 26.89 (±9.14). The mean posttreatment OSDI score was 13.29 (±14.04). The MGrX device appears to be a safe, effective, and quick way of treating MGD in patients of a wide range of ages and with different dry eye disease severity.
Effect of the use of biological therapy on dry eye parameters in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Vargas Julio Cesar Blanco , Córdoba Claudia Johanna Martínez , Robles Luis Alberto Ruiz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To compare dry eye symptoms and signs in a group of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), before and after the start of biological therapy for active systemic disease.

Methods:
Observational longitudinal retrospective study, including adult patients with a previous diagnosis of primary or secondary SS. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) test, tear breakup time (TBUT), and Schirmer test where registered before and after at least 1 year of use of biological therapy.

Results:
One hundred and nineteen patients were included, 83 (69.7%) females and 36 (30.3%) males, average age was 62.2 years, and the average time of use of biologics was 3.6 years. The main biologic agents used were adalimumab (22.7%), infliximab (20.2%), rituximab (16.0%), etanercept (13.4%), and abatacept (7.6%). After the implementation of biologic therapy, the percentage of patients with deficient and severely deficient Schirmer’s test decreased from 64.7% to 60.5% and from 18.5% to 11.8%, respectively, whereas adequate test increased from 16.8% to 27.7%. Deficient TBUT decreased from 74.8% to 63.0%. In OSDI evaluation, the percentage of asymptomatic patients increased from 3.4% to 18.5%, and severe symptoms decreased from 26.9% to 9.2%. Individual therapy analysis failed to find significative changes in terms of percentage variation and Cohen’s kappa for objective variables; however, substantial changes were observed in the OSDI test, particularly in patients treated with infliximab, rituximab, and abatacept.

Conclusion:
Use of biologics in SS remains restricted to patients with systemic active disease; however, a possible effect on dry eye symptoms arises as a secondary outcome, which could positively impact quality of life.
A comparative investigation of three-dimensional printing models (rapid prototyping) made by imaging systems including multidetector computed tomography and cone-beam computed tomography systems
Authors: Cheraghi Fatemeh , Shokri Abbas , Tapak Leili , Niaee Morteza Shakhsi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Biomedical models (rapid prototyping) had a vast use in maxillofacial diagnosis and surgeries. Using this technology can lead to improvement in preoperative treatment planning and an increase in surgery quality. In this study, we investigated and compared the models derived from multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiography systems.

Aim:
In this study, we investigated and compared the models derived from MDCT and CBCT radiography systems to see which is the most accurate.

Materials and Methods:
Five dried human mandibles were chosen in this study. These landmarks were chosen to investigate the reproduction ability: mental foramen, genial tubercle, central incisor, alveolar crest edge to the inferior mandibular border in midline, two bone defects in approximate dimensions of 3 × 3 mm2, first molar socket depth in the mesiobuccal line angle, mesiodistal length of tooth socket bone at the buccal and buccolingual width of tooth socket bone at mesial. Radiographs were taken using one MDCT and two CBCT systems. Then, models were built through a three-dimensional (3D) printer, and the mentioned landmarks were measured using a digital caliper. Data were entered in SPSS version 23 software and were analyzed with the ANOVA and Tukey tests.

Results:
In the reproduction of superior-inferior dimension and mesiodistal width of all mentioned landmarks, there were no significant differences between models made by data derived from Cranex 3D and NewTom 3G with a small field of view, in comparison with the gold standard (P > 0.05). However, there is a significant difference in the reproduction of landmarks between models made from MDCT and NewTom 3G with a large field of view, in comparison with the gold standard (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Models made from CBCT Devices with a small field of view have an acceptable and reliable accuracy for assessing bone structures. However, for CBCT devices with a large field of view and computed tomography-scan devices, models have less accuracy.
The first composite increment: Dependency on placement technique for interaction behavior with maturing dentin-adhesive bond at pulpal floors in deep occlusal cavities – A comprehensive review
Authors: Hassan Khamis A. , Khier Salwa E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
When the traditional incremental technique is used for direct placement of composite resin in a deep occlusal cavity, each increment (2 mm or thicker) is individually cured where it undergoes hardening and shrinkage. As increments are bonded to all cavity walls, a constrained shrinkage develops in tooth, composite, and/or interfaces. In the first composite increment, this constrained shrinkage generates tensile stresses which are distributed in a nonuniform pattern within that increment, resulting in premature stressing of the dentin bond of the hybrid layer at the pulpal floor before it reaches full maturation. This premature stressing leads to initiation of interfacial debonding and propagation to form a microgap. This behavior is associated with persistent postoperative sensitivity and tooth pain, over the time, which subsequently results in restoration failure.

Aims:
This paper provides a comprehensive review on the first composite increment and its dependency on placement technique for the interaction behavior with the maturing dentin-adhesive bond at pulpal floors in deep occlusal cavities.

Materials and Methods:
The dental database was searched, and 59 articles were collected and included in this review, spanning the years from 1984 to 2023.

Results and Discussion:
Three biomimetic direct restorative techniques were reported in the literature for incrementally restoring large occlusal cavities. These techniques are the decoupling with time, the decoupling with fiber, and the decoupling with split-increment. They all aim at minimizing the generated shrinkage stresses in the first composite increment for protecting the developing dentin bond of the hybrid layer until it reaches full maturation and thus preventing the initiation and propagation of interfacial defects at pulpal floors of deep occlusal cavities. Finally, the restoration is completed by placing and curing successive increments of 1.5 mm each to fill the cavity; their number depends on the cavity depth. These increments can each be cured immediately following placement.

Conclusions:
In deep occlusal cavities, the interaction behavior between the first composite increment and the maturing dentin-adhesive bond at the pulpal floor depends on the technique used for the increment placement. This behavior is either favorable with the direct biomimetic techniques or unfavorable with the traditional incremental technique. With the direct biomimetic techniques, no premature shrinkage stressing of the dentin bond is induced at the pulpal floor. This prevents the initiation of interfacial debonding and propagation to form microgaps and results in the absence of postoperative sensitivity and persistent tooth pain.
The prevalence and distribution of hypodontia in children of North Syria
Authors: Almerei Moatasem , Habib Adnan Asaad , Chehadi Omar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Congenital absence of teeth is a common developmental dental anomaly in humans that affects the occlusal development and the beauty of the smile in particular and the face in general, especially if the injury is in the frontal area.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of hypodontia of permanent teeth in a Syrian population.

Materials and Methods:
Four hundred and sixty panoramic X-rays of children in North Syria, whose ages ranged from approximately 6–12 years, were taken at the dental clinics of the hospital of Syrian University for Science and Technology, Aleppo, Syria. The prevalence and distribution of hypodontia were recorded, and descriptive statistics were performed. A Chi-square test was used to determine the difference between genders (α =0.05).

Results and Discussion:
The prevalence of hypodontia was 7.8% (females 9.6% and males 6.5%). The most frequently missing teeth were the mandibular second premolar, maxillary lateral incisors, and mandibular central incisors. Missing was significantly more frequent in the mandible compared to the maxilla (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The number of cases of congenital absence of permanent teeth is impressive. These conditions can cause many dental problems, so careful examination and proper investigation are required to diagnose them and prevent subsequent problems.
Community knowledge, attitudes, and practices about toxoplasmosis in Unguja Island, Tanzania
Authors: Paul Cynthia , Mkupasi Ernatus , Martin Martin , Katakweba Abdul 
Published: August 2024

Background: Toxoplasmosis is among the globally neglected zoonotic diseases caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Humans get infected after ingesting or coming into contact with oocysts from the feces of infected cats. Illiteracy about the infection is one of the significant risk factors for its transmission. The study aimed to determine the community knowledge, attitudes, and practices that influence toxoplasmosis transmission in Unguja Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design, which was done from February to April 2023. Semi-structured questionnaires collected data on 139 respondents' demographics, practices, knowledge, and attitudes regarding toxoplasmosis. The chi-square test was used to assess the statistical association between variables at a p-value of < 0.05.
Results: Out of 139 recruited respondents, only 18.0% of respondents were aware of Toxoplasmosis. The study revealed several risk factors for Toxoplasmosis transmission, whereby 63.1% of the cat owners didn't deworm their cats regularly, 70.8% didn't clean the cat kennels, and 53.1% didn't wash their hands after cleaning kennels and touching a cat. Furthermore, out of all respondents, about two-thirds didn't drink treated water and 87.8% ate raw vegetables as salads. The study revealed both negative and positive attitudes concerning Toxoplasmosis, where 64.7% of respondents thought that cats cannot transmit pathogens to humans and 66.2% did not agree with people interacting with stray cats, respectively. There was an association of awareness of the disease's existence with high education levels (P value = 0.001) and sex (females) (P = 0.002).
Conclusion: The study revealed a low awareness of the existence of the infection despite the higher interaction of cats with humans in the study area. We recommend the provision of public health education focusing on how the disease is transmitted, the relationship of the disease with cats, the management of cat feces, clinical signs of the disease, its treatment, and control.
“O‘ZBEKISTON - 2030” STRАTЕGIYASI – XALQ STRATEGIYASI (YANGI O‘ZBEKISTON TARIXI)
Authors: Rustamov Ilxomidin 
Published: August 2024

“O‘zbekiston - 2030” strategiyasi kelgusi yetti yilda iqtisodiyot, ma’naviyat, ijtimoiy farovonlik, siyosat va xavfsizlik sohalarida ko‘p qirrali islohotlarni rejalashtirishning asosiy platformasiga aylandi. Unda jamiyatda intellektual resurslarni birlashtirish, sohaviy va tarmoq reja va dasturlarini muvofiqlashtirish, xalqaro hamjamiyat bilan uzoq manfaatli hamkorlikni taqozo etuvchi ulkan maqsadlar qo‘yilganligi muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Maqolada yangi O‘zbekiston taraqqiyot strategiyasini amalga oshirish jarayonida orttirilgan tajriba va jamoatchilik muhokamasi natijalari asosida ishlab chiqilgan “O‘zbekiston - 2030” strategiyasi va undagi asosiy g‘oyalarning mazmun-mohiyati ilmiy jihatdan tadqiq etilgan.
TURKIY ADABIYOTDA “IBROHIMI ADHAM” QISSALARI TAHLILI
Authors: Zaripova Dilfuza 
Published: August 2024

Ushbu maqolada turkiy adabiyotda Ibrohim Adham haqida yozilgan qissalar haqida ma’lumot berilgan. Farididdun Attorning “Tazkirat ul- avliyo”, Alisher Navoiyning “Nasoyim ul-muhabbat”, “Hayrat ul-abror”, Huvaydoning “Rohati dil” asarlarida Ibrohim Adham haqidagi qissalar tahlil qilingan. Ibrohim Adham shaxsi ochib berilgan. Ayniqsa, Huvaydoning Ibrohim Adham obrazini gavdalantirishdagi o‘ziga xos uslubi tasvirlangan. Yuqorida tilga olingan qissalar syujeti o‘zaro qiyoslangan.
ALISHER NAVOIYNING “ARBA’IN” ASARIDAGI HADISLAR BAYONIDA G‘OYAVIY-BADIIY IFODA MUKAMMALLIGI
Authors: Eshniyazova Maysara 
Published: August 2024

Alisher Navoiy o‘zining boy adabiy merosi hamda karim axloqi bilan nafaqat turkiy xalqlar, balki umuminsoniyat orasida alohida e’tiborga molik bo‘lgan siymo hisoblanadi. Nizomiddin Mir Alisher — barcha asarlarining tub magzida komil inson g‘oyasini targ‘ib qilgan, uning surati-yu siyratini chizib bergan ulkan alloma. Muallifning diniy-irfoniy asarlari haqida ham xuddi shu fikrni aytish mumkin. Hazrat Navoiyning “Arba’in” asari uchun manba bo‘lgan hadislar, avvalo, mazmun-mohiyatiga ko‘ra mutafakkirning butun ijodiga xos bo‘lgan bosh g‘oya — komil inson shaxsini tarbiyalashga qaratilgan bo‘lib, mo‘minlik, muslimlik shartlari, insoniylik mezonlari haqida so‘z yurituvchi sunnati nabaviydir. Muallif “Arba’in”da hadislarning sanad qismini emas, faqat matnini asliyatda keltirgach, nazmda uning aynan turkiy tarjimasini bermaydi, balki har bir hadisning mazmun-mohiyatini sharhlashga, san’atkorlik bilan undagi ilm-u hikmatning ma’nosini ochib berishga, uni kitobxonga uqtirishga harakat qiladi. Shu bois hadislarning matni she’riy parchalarda turlicha ko‘rinishlarda aks etadi, lekin shoir har bir qit’ada ustalik bilan shakl va mazmun uyg‘unligiga erishadiki, natijada hadisning mazmuniga putur yetmaydi, aksincha, uning mohiyati yanada chuqurroq ochiladi, ma’nosi yorqinroq oydinlashadi, teranroq anglashiladi, ta’sirchanlik bir necha barobar ortadi. Ushbu maqolada mazkur jarayon bir necha misollar tahlili qilingan.
The Effect of Financial Behavior and Income Level on Investment Decision in Digital Era (Case study of STIE Eka Prasetya permanent lecturers)
Authors: Wilson  , Situmorang Frenky 
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine whether financial behavior and income level have a significant effect on investment decisions of STIE Eka Prasetya permanent lecturers. This study uses quantitative data method and the data source is primary data. The population in this study are all permanent lecturers who taught at STIE Eka Prasetya, totaling 33 permanent lecturers. The sample in this study includes all permanent lecturers teaching at STIE Eka Prasetya, using a saturated sampling method. Data analysis and testing consist of validity test, reliability test, descriptive statistics, the classical assumption test, multiple regression analysis, partial hypothesis testing (T test), simultaneous hypothesis testing (F test), and coefficient of determination test (R²). The results of this study indicate that financial behavior has a significant effect on investment decisions with a calculated T-count of 2.113 > T-table of 2.039. Income Level does not have a significant effect on investment decisions with a calculated T-count of 0.821 < T-table of 2.039. Financial behavior and income level have a significant effect on investment decisions with a calculated F-count of 4.569 > F-table of 3.32 and a regression coefficient value of 23.3%.

Keywords: Financial Behavior; Income Level; Investment Decisions
STRATEGI DINAS PARIWISATA DAN KEBUDAYAAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PROMOSI WISATA DI KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA
Authors: CENDEKIA Jaya Pengelola Jurnal 
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Strategi Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan dalam Meningkatkan Promosi Wisata di Kabupaten Majalengka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dengan teknik kuesioner/angket sebagai instrumen penelitian.
Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Variabel Strategi memperoleh skor 1.161 dengan persentase 87% dikategorikan sangat baik. Sedangkan variabel Promosi Wisata memperoleh skor 1.453 dengan persentase 89% dikategorikan sangat baik. Oleh karena itu, Strategi Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan dalam Meningkatkan Promosi Wisata di Kabupaten Majalengka sudah berjalan dengan sangat baik. Hambatan yang terjadi terhadap Strategi Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan dalam Meningkatkan Promosi Wisata di Kabupaten Majalengka, yaitu sering terjadinya perubahan musim, seperti dari musim panas ke musim penghujan, terjadinya bencana alam, seperti longsor atau banjir dsb, terbatasnya biaya untuk melaksanakan promosi wisata, minimnya kesadaran masyarakat/pengunjung dalam menjaga keindahan dan kelestarian objek wisata, identifikasi target audience, merancang pesan, dan pemilihan media.
Upaya yang perlu dilakukan antara lain Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan merekomendasikan kepada pengelola objek wisata agar menyediakan fasilitas tempat peristirahatan yang layak untuk berteduh supaya pengunjung lebih nyaman ketika menikmati objek wisata dan terhindar dari perubahan musim dan cuaca yang tidak menentu, Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan memberikan spanduk atau papan peringatan di setiap objek wisata untuk memberikan peringatan dan menyadarkan setiap pengunjung agar sama sama menjaga dan melestarikan objek wisata yang sudah dimiliki di Kabupaten Majalengka menyisihkan pendapatan dari objek wisata untuk pengembangan promosi dalam media apapun.
SISTEM AKUNTANSI PEMBERIAN KREDIT DAN PERHITUNGAN BUNGA KREDIT ANGSURAN SISTEM FIDUSIA (KREASI) PADA PT. PEGADAIAN (PERSERO) CILIMUS
Authors: Dhafa Althafariq Musyafanizar 
Published: August 2024

Kredit merupakan fasilitas keuangan yang memungkinkan seseorang atau badan usaha meminjam uang untuk membeli produk dan membayarnya kembali dalam jangka waktu yang ditentukan dengan dikenakan bunga. Tidak terkecuali pegadaian menggunakan sistem kredit untuk aktivitas pembiayaannya. Proses pemberian kredit yang digunakan oleh PT. Pegadaian (Persero) CP Cilimus menggunakan sistem Fidusia, dimana nasabah masih dapat menggunakan barang jaminannya dan tetap menerima modal yang disepakati untuk mengembangkan usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah.
Dengan menggunakan sistem yang diterapkan Pegadaian untuk KREASI, dapat memberikan gambaran akurat kinerja keuangan dan memungkinkan penilaian profitabilitas serta risiko kredit dengan lebih baik. Sementara untuk perhitungan angsuran bunga kredit menggunakan metode Flat Rate, dimana pembebanan suku bunga kredit yang rata setiap kali angsuran, atau total angsuran pokok maupun angsuran bunga sama setiap kali angsuran atau setiap bulan.
Dengan bunga per bulan yang ditetapkan berdasarkan besaran pinjaman yang diajukan, yaitu 1,25% untuk pinjaman 1 juta hingga 10 juta; 1,15% untuk pinjaman 10 juta hingga 50 juta; 1,05% untuk pinjaman 50 juta sampai 100 juta; dan 1% untuk pinjaman 100 juta hingga 400 juta. Metode Flat Rate terbukti menjadi solusi tepat dalam perhitungan angsuran Kredit Fidusia (Kreasi), serta memberikan kepastian dan kemudahan bagi debitur serta efisiensi bagi PT. Pegadaian (Persero) CP Cilimus.