bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Goldene Regel
Authors: Schulz Heiko 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The paper argues for the viability and indispensibility of the so-called golden rule as a principle of moral reasoning. Drawing mostly on prior research by Hans Reiner an initial morphological analysis shows that the rule historically appears (and systematically has to appear) in three different, albeit irreducible forms: first as a rule of empathy, secondly as a rule of autonomy, finally as a rule of reciprocity. Pointing out and eliminating the ambivalences of its factual variants the paper then tries to reestablish the rule in its ethical ideality. The analysis Ieads to the conclusion that the golden rule is not and cannot be a principle of a genuinely Christian, but only and exclusively of a purely philosophical ethics.
Die Rückkehr des Glücks
Authors: Lauster Jörg 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The issue of happiness makes a significant re-entrance into contemporary philosophical thought. From the perspective of individual ethics, two aspects take center-stage: the continuation of the program of Eudaimonia as reasonable self-determination towards good and the experience of momentary episodic happiness which surpasses the individual quest. This essay tries to combine these elements into a theological notion ofhappiness by arguing for re-evaluation ofthe quest-driven approach ofEudaimonia that in turn has obtained its impulse through a momentary experience of transcendence.
Institutionalisierte Moral?
Authors: Ley Friedrich 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In the article, the continuous tendency for implementation of Hospital Ethics Committees at German hospitals is questioned conceming its different motivations, which are leading the previous appreciation of the usefulness of these ethical advisory bodies in the public discussion. Besides the growing moral stress due to the acceleration and increasing complexity of the technical development in medicine, the current certification processes and the implementation of codes of ethics within clinical practice guidelines are mainly considered as motives. Although the task and the usefulness of Hospital Ethics Committees are not doubted in theoretical debate, considerable difficulties in the practice of the ethical advisory bodies appear. In addition to the named difference between theory and practice, the article identifies the relation between institutionalandindividual moralas a significant problem.
Der Streit um das Kopftuch und der Umgang mit Toleranz
Authors: Kreß Hartmut 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
About 3,5 million Muslims live in Germany.The headscarves debate has become a recurring issue over the past months. The essay refers to the idea of tolerance as weil as to the basic right of freedom of religion. From this point of view, the author disagrees with bills which, if passed, would prohibit Muslim teachers from wearing headscarves in a classroom
Albert Schweitzers Konzept der tätigen Weltverantwortung
Authors: Günzler Claus 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A. Schweitzer does not conceive hirnself as the author of a totally new ethics, but as an ethicist revitalizing the ethicallegacy of humankind in order to gain a new impact of the normative idea of humanity as a common asset of world civilizations. Starting from the all-today experience he elaborates his main principle of devotion towards life bornfrom reverence for life as a plausible guideline for any individual person independently of culture and religion. Thus he presents a model of normative ethics that includes the Christian commandment of Iove as weil as the ethical traditions of the different cultures. This is why Schweitzer's contribution to the modern debate about ethics cannot be ignored
Theologische Ethik und die Forderung nach Selbstbeschränkung religiöser Überzeugungen im öffentlichen Raum
Authors: Fischer Johannes 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The essay is dealing critically with views from the area of evangelical theology, that understand secularisation and ideological neutrality of the public sphere as a misfortune and as a marginalisation of religion. In cantrast to this, the paper argues that there is a Christi an responsibility for a ideolocally neutral public sphere
»Die Erfahrung der Person zu Ende sprechen lassen«
Authors: Schöpsdau Walter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The »dynamic personalism« developed by Karol Wojtyla as a philosophical basis for Catholic sexual ethics attempts to integrate the experiential perspective of modern phenomenology and the traditional concept of nature. The article points out that the use of phenomenology in the service of a preconceived ontology neglects the epistemological problern and reduces human action to a process in which nature appears as a quasi causal agent. In a second step it focusses on the concept of person in the ecumenical discussion of bioethics.
Ethik als Ausweis christlicher Identität bei Justin Martyr
Authors: Ulrich Jörg 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Ethics have Iong been a neglected matter in schalarship on early Christian apologetics. However, a closer Iook at the composition of the texts of Justin Martyr teaches us how important the references to Christi an ethics actually are in the run of his argument. The external reason forthat lies in the fact that Justin wants to prove the legal proceedings against the Christians in the Roman empire to be unjust and absurd. The inner reason is that he interprets Christianity as »true philosophy«: in view of the understanding of »philosophy~< in his pagan environment, this brings about fundamental ethical implications. Both his apologies and the dialogue with Trypho show how Justin employs ethical convictions as a criterio for Christian identity and as a trait of difference between Christianity and Paganism on the one hand, and between Christianity and Judaism on the other.
Märtyrer oder Leichen?
Authors: Monteverde Settimio 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The whole brain criterion of death has been the subject of intense theological debate since the process of policy shaping fortheGerman transplantation law adopted in 1997. This article identifies tutiorism as the predominant argumentative strategy both for the theological defence and the rejection of a neurological criterion of death. A tutioristic argumentation fails to elucidate the very nature of the problern which is normative and tends to clarify rights and duties of all the actors involved in the clinical setting of organ transplant or withdrawal of life sustaining therapies. A theological defence of the whole brain criterion of death has to avoid that distinctions between life and death become blurred. On the other hand, those who reject this criterion, but still support the current practice of organ transplant, have to be aware that this option is hardly compatible with most part of the moral tradition of Christianity.
Perspektiven einer christlichen Verantwortungsethik
Authors: Villiers Etienne de 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
What are the prospects of a Christian ethics of responsibility? In the article the versions of a Christian ethics of responsibility that have been developed since the nineteen eighties in dialogue with the philosopher Hans Jonas by the four Protestant theologians William Schweiker, Wolfgang Huber, Johannes Fischer and Ulrich Körtner, are critically discussed. It is pointed out that the disparity of their views is the main reason why a responsibility ethics school within Christian ethics could not have developed up till now. An attempt is made in the article to identify common denominators for such an ethics by extracting from the views of the theologians a number of ways in which responsibility can and should today qualify Christian ethics fundamentally.
Kehren die alten Gespenster zurück?
Authors: Wegner Gerhard 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The study analyses the new Debate on Poverty in Germany which was caused by rapidly growing poverty rates during the last years and the contributions of the protestant church in Germany to it. In this Debate Poverty is defined as a relative lack of capabilities to participate actively in society. Implicitly this argument draws from the idea of a more egalitarian society, which favours ›just participation‹. It is shown how social inequality is reproduced in education and labour markets. The church responds to this by outlining the idea of a fair competitive Market-Economy, in order to have access to people must better be provided for with equal chances in education.
Von der Öffentlichkeit des Privaten zu den individuellen Formen familialen Zusammenlebens. Aspekte für eine evangelische Ethik der Familie
Authors: Anselm Reiner 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The article starts with a review about the current public debate on the crisis of family. In the author‘s perspektive this debate is motivated less by the hard facts about the situation of family in the current western societies - although there are many changes - but rather it indicates a changing correlation between a »private« and a »public« concept of family. Up to the 1970ties family was understood as an area of privacy, but the frameset of this area was defined by the public sphere only - mainly by the state and the church. Their representatives assigned a certain form of private life to individual people. But the advantages of emanzipation caused especially young women to decline this structure. They want to design their own conception of family, based on the compatibility of job and motherhood. This formation is described as »crisis of family« by the detractors of modernity. In contrast, it is the author‘s position to take this developments as a chance - especially in a protestant perspective. At the end, the article stetches the basic framework of such a concept of family
Landwirtschaft im Spannungsfeld zwischen Natürlichkeit und Künstlichkeit
Authors: Gregorowius Daniel 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This paper seeks to distil the underlying tensions between naturalness and artificiality in the field of agriculture. In this context, the concept of naturalness is often understood and employed in a normative sense. Yet while biotechnological agriculture is often seen as artificial and organic farming is perceived as natural, both practices can lead to ethically questionable consequences: naturalness is not in itself morally good. Instead, agricultural use should be judged according to the extent to which the spatiotemporal order of nature is disturbed in ways beneficial to mankind. In order to establish sustainable agriculture as a desirable goal in this sense, one may refer to God’s biblical instruction in the Book of Genesis: God, who determines the framework for the use of nature created by Him, did not give the reign of the earth into the hands of man so that he may subdue (Gen 1:28) by exploiting it, but in order for him to preserve and guard it (Gen 2:15).
Neuroethik
Authors: Clausen Jens , Müller Oliver , Schwenzfeuer Sebastian 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Ethical questions with regard to modern neurosciences have significant relevance because the human brain provides the organic basis for central aspects of our self-concept. Neuroethics identifies and reflects the ethical questions raised by modern neurosciences. Here we deal with ethical questions in the contexts of brain imaging techniques and several interventions into the human brain. Besides the central question how to preserve personal identity and higher cognitive functions we address specific ethical aspects of neurotechnology and neuroprosthetics as well as the questions relevant in the context of neuroenhancement
Theological Ethics and Global Dynamics at the Beginning of the 21st Century
Authors: Schweiker William 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The following essay seeks to outline the direction for »evangelical ethics« in the 21st century. The article begins by exploring the contemporary moral and religious situation in terms of dominant global dynamics. In the light of this novel situation, the remainder of the essay presents an account of theological ethics in terms of responsibility for the integrity of life from the perspective of theological humanism. Throughout the article the continuities and discontinuities between this approach to theological ethics and previous forms of Protestant ethics are explored and explained
Normatywizacja tożsamości zbiorowej w preambułach do konstytucji państw postkomunistycznych
Authors: Młynarska-Sobaczewska Anna 
Published: September 2014

Preambles are parts of constitutions, which are visibly neglected in legal theory and constitutional law. They are defined as solemn introductions to constitutions, which indicate the sovereign, historical and political context of increasing the new constitutional order, main aims and principles – the foundation of constitution. Such elements are also commonly apparent in most of post communist constitutions of European states. The article shows the integrative function of these preambles, achieved by using clauses creating and maintaining the identity of political community. The clauses with this function are identified as: statements regarding national and cultural heritage, declaration of sovereign as people or nation, and expression of common aims and fundamental principles of community. The article investigates these elements in texts of preambles to post-communist constitutions and indicates their role as tending to create the national identity.
Transvection-Based Gene Regulation inDrosophilaIs a Complex and Plastic Trait
Authors: Bing Xinyang , Rzezniczak Teresa Z , Bateman Jack R , Merritt Thomas J S 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTransvection, a chromosome pairing-dependent form of trans-based gene regulation, is potentially widespread in the Drosophila melanogaster genome and varies across cell types and within tissues in D. melanogaster, characteristics of a complex trait. Here, we demonstrate that the trans-interactions at the Malic enzyme (Men) locus are, in fact, transvection as classically defined and are plastic with respect to both genetic background and environment. Using chromosomal inversions, we show that trans-interactions at the Men locus are eliminated by changes in chromosomal architecture that presumably disrupt somatic pairing. We further show that the magnitude of transvection at the Men locus is modified by both genetic background and environment (temperature), demonstrating that transvection is a plastic phenotype. Our results suggest that transvection effects in D. melanogaster are shaped by a dynamic interplay between environment and genetic background. Interestingly, we find that cis-based regulation of the Men gene is more robust to genetic background and environment than trans-based. Finally, we begin to uncover the nonlocal factors that may contribute to variation in transvection overall, implicating Abd-B in the regulation of Men in cis and in trans in an allele-specific and tissue-specific manner, driven by differences in expression of the two genes across genetic backgrounds and environmental conditions.
Genome Sequence of Candidatus Riesia pediculischaeffi, Endosymbiont of Chimpanzee Lice, and Genomic Comparison of Recently Acquired Endosymbionts from Human and Chimpanzee Lice
Authors: Boyd Bret M , Allen Julie M , de Crécy-Lagard Valérie , Reed David L 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The obligate-heritable endosymbionts of insects possess some of the smallest known bacterial genomes. This is likely due to loss of genomic material during symbiosis. The mode and rate of this erosion may change over evolutionary time: faster in newly formed associations and slower in long-established ones. The endosymbionts of human and anthropoid primate lice present a unique opportunity to study genome erosion in newly established (or young) symbionts. This is because we have a detailed phylogenetic history of these endosymbionts with divergence dates for closely related species. This allows for genome evolution to be studied in detail and rates of change to be estimated in a phylogenetic framework. Here, we sequenced the genome of the chimpanzee louse endosymbiont (Candidatus Riesia pediculischaeffi) and compared it with the closely related genome of the human body louse endosymbiont. From this comparison, we found evidence for recent genome erosion leading to gene loss in these endosymbionts. Although gene loss was detected, it was not significantly greater than in older endosymbionts from aphids and ants. Additionally, we searched for genes associated with B-vitamin synthesis in the two louse endosymbiont genomes because these endosymbionts are believed to synthesize essential B vitamins absent in the louse’s diet. All of the expected genes were present, except those involved in thiamin synthesis. We failed to find genes encoding for proteins involved in the biosynthesis of thiamin or any complete exogenous means of salvaging thiamin, suggesting there is an undescribed mechanism for the salvage of thiamin. Finally, genes encoding for the pantothenate de novo biosynthesis pathway were located on a plasmid in both taxa along with a heat shock protein. Movement of these genes onto a plasmid may be functionally and evolutionarily significant, potentially increasing production and guarding against the deleterious effects of mutation. These data add to a growing resource of obligate endosymbiont genomes and to our understanding of the rate and mode of genome erosion in obligate animal-associated bacteria. Ultimately sequencing additional louse p-endosymbiont genomes will provide a model system for studying genome evolution in obligate host associated bacteria.
Collision of four balls aligned
Authors: Mekki Othman Ben , Frémond Michel 
Published: September 2014

The collision of four balls aligned is analyzed in this paper. This study is based on the fundamental idea that a system formed by rigid bodies is deformable, since its shape changes because the relative distances of the different bodies change. A simple linear constitutive law, described by a pseudo-potential of dissipation completed by the condition of the impenetrability between the balls, is used. we consider the case where three balls falls on a very massive obstacle. The first ball, considered of very light mass, bounces with a velocity extensively superior to its fall velocity. This is sometimes called the superball phenomenon. This phenomenon is produced according to different cases such as the interaction between the first ball and the massive obstacle must be presented. Introducing an interaction between the first ball and the massive obstacle through the second or the third ball, the superball phenomenon is produced for all cases of evolutions after the collision. For every cases of evolutions of the balls after the collision, has been investigated the relations on the physical parameters which insure the superball phenomenon. These relations are obtained on the basis of the fundamental hypothesis: the mass of the first ball is very small whereas the mass of the massive obstacle is very large.
An object-oriented design method to implement the mechatronic system control by using hybrid automata and real-time UML
Authors: Quang Vu Duy , Hien Ngo Van 
Published: September 2014

In this paper, we present a method, which is based on hybrid automata and Real-Time Unified Modeling Language (UML) to analyze and design the control parts of mechatronic systems with input or output events and signals in order to effectively gather their structure and behaviour. We introduce step-by-step analysis and design activities of a controlled mechatronic system such as the specification of its hybrid automaton and realization hypotheses, the identification of object collaborations of this system, the identification of main control capsules, their ports and communication protocols, with their static and dynamic links. These activities are conducted by specializing the iterative life cycle of system development. Then, we indicate important hypotheses, which allow all the identified capsules of this system to make their evolutions. We apply this method to develop an Electro-Hydraulic Governor (EHG) system, which allows the frequency of an electro-hydraulic station to be stabilized.
A new view of the Bubnov-Galerkin method in the linearization context
Authors: Dong Anh Nguyen , Elishakoff I. 
Published: September 2014

In the study an extension of the Bubnov-Galerkin method in terms of the equivalent linearization method is presented. It is combined with sequential linearization and nonlinear procedure to yield a new method for solving nonlinear equations which can improve the accuracy when the nonlinearity is strong. For illustration the Duffing oscillator is considered to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Three-axis piezoresistive accelerometer with adjustable axial resolutions
Authors: Hang Bui Thu , Tan Tran Duc , Trinh Chu Duc 
Published: September 2014

A three-axis piezoresistive accelerometer which has adjustable resolutions to three axes was developed using MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. This sensor made of a heavy proof mass and four long beams is to obtain high resolutions by reducing resonance frequencies. Adjustable resolution with small cross axis sensitivity could be obtained by a three-dimensional sensor structure.
Numerical calculating linear vibrations of third order systems involving fractional operators
Authors: Khang Nguyen Van , Son Tran Dinh , Thuy Bui Thi 
Published: September 2014

This paper presents a numerical method for dynamic calculation of third order systems involving fractional operators. Using the Liouville-Rieman's definition of fractional derivatives, a numerical algorithm is developed on base of the well-known Newmark integration method to calculate dynamic response of third order systems. Then, we apply this method to calculate linear vibrations of viscoelastic systems containing fractional derivatives.
A nonlilear controller for ship autopilots
Authors: Tung Le Thanh 
Published: September 2014

Conventional ship autopilots are designed based on a linear ship model using pole - placement technique or linear optimal theory. However, in operation, the ship kinematical parameters can go out the linear limits. In this paper, a nonlinear optimal control law based on aggregated variables is presented. The criterion is chosen so that the dynamic characteristics of object are included. The stability of the closed-loop system is global according to the Lyapunov stability theory. The control law depends explicitly on ship model parameters, so that it is can be easily to tune when the parameters change.
Integration of CNTs thin film for sensing and actuating micro structures
Authors: Dau Van Thanh , Tung Bui Thanh , Dao Dzung Viet , Sugiyama Susumu 
Published: September 2014

This paper reports the top-down fabrication of CNTs thin film on MEMS structure to develop sensing and actuating micro structures. In particular, this paper review the integration of CNTs film in application of silicon micromirror based on angular vertical comb actuator, development of microstructures with piezoresistive effect and Seebeck effect.
On the convergence of a coupling successive approximation method for solving Duffing equation
Authors: Bich Dao Huy , Bich Nguyen Dang 
Published: September 2014

General Duffing equations occur in many problems of Mechanics and Dynamics. These equations include nonlinear terms of second and third order, their coefficients are finite but not small parameters. For finding analytical approximate solutions of the general Duffing equation the coupling successive approximation method (CSAM) has been proposed by the authors.In the present paper the convergence of mentioned method is proven and a condition relating coefficients of Duffing equation to provide the convergence procedure is formulated. Emphasize that the assumption of small parameters is not used in the proving.Some examples are presented to illustrate the proposed method, particularly exact solutions of some problems are compared with analytical approximate ones found by CSAM.