bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Engineering Simulation of Loss Characteristics of Silicon Steel Wafers Based on Levenberg-Marquardt Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Lv Benqing , Ning Yinhang , Huang Zhihao , Fu Longlong , Xu Shuai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The loss characteristics of 20WTG1500 silicon steel wafers are simulated and studied by using the Epstein square circle method. First, the loss-measured data are fitted based on the classical Bertotti loss model. When working, a Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M) algorithm is proposed to calculate the parameters of the loss model accurately. For the problem of significant calculation errors of hysteresis loss and stray loss in the classical loss separation model, a variable parameter closely related to the magnetic induction intensity is constructed by using the fixed parameter values of the classical loss model. Then, the loss improvement model is proposed. The accuracy of the improved model is proved by comparing the fitting results of the enhanced model with the measured data.
Study on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of WC-based Cermet Coatings Prepared by HVAF
Authors: Deng Chunyin , Liu Chengwei , Wang Xiaoping , Guan Haiyang , Zhu Ping , Wu Shuhui , Chen Guoxing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To mitigate the risk of vapor corrosion damage to the overflow mechanical parts, WC-based metal-ceramic coatings were applied to the surface of a 45-gauge steel substrate by supersonic air-assisted flame spraying (HVAF). The mechanical and wear-resistant qualities of the coating were identified by Vickers micro-hardness, ball-disc friction, and wear test, as well as optics, scanning electron, X-ray diffractometer, and white light interferometer systems. The findings demonstrate the layered structure of the WC-based coating, which is made up of the bonded phase and its distribution of hard phase particles that are diffusely dispersed. The coating is free of cracks, inclusions, and other defects, and its structure and organization are dense with a porosity of 0.86 ± 0.05%. The phenomenon of oxidative decarburization did not occur in the process of preparing the WC hard phase for WC-based metal-ceramic coatings. As a result, the coating’s micro-hardness of 11.83 ± 0.55 GPa is eight times that of the substrate. The results of comparing the three-dimensional abrasion patterns of the coating and the substrate reveal that the coating has superior abrasion resistance because its width and depth of abrasion are smaller than that of the substrate and a lot of furrows have formed on the substrate material’s surface. In contrast, the sprayed layer only had faint traces of abrasion. After three years of actual service, the impeller surface coating is essentially unaltered, which effectively addresses the issue of vapor corrosion damage to the slurry pump’s impeller and extends the pump’s service life to guarantee the overflow mechanical components operate safely and steadily.
Sensitivity of the global hydrological cycle to the altitude of stratospheric sulphate aerosol layer
Authors: K H Usha , Bala Govindasamy , Xavier Anu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Stratospheric aerosol geoengineering (SAG) has been proposed as one of the potential options to offset the impacts of anthropogenically induced climate change. Previous modelling studies have shown that the efficacy of the cooling via SAG increases with altitude of the aerosol layer. It has been also shown that the stratospheric heating associated with SAG could stabilize the tropical atmosphere and weaken the tropical hydrological cycle. Using a global climate model, we perform a systematic study by prescribing volcanic sulphate aerosols at three different altitudes (22 km, 18 km and 16 km) and assess the sensitivity of the global and tropical mean precipitation to the altitude. We find that even though the efficacy of cooling increases with altitude of the aerosol layer, the global and tropical mean precipitation changes are less sensitive to the height of the aerosol layer. This is because the magnitude of both the global and tropical mean precipitation reduction increases with aerosol altitude in response to increasing efficacy of aerosols, but this sensitivity related to the slow response is nearly offset by the sensitivity of fast precipitation adjustments to aerosol altitude. A perspective and analysis based on atmospheric energy budget is presented to explain the lack of sensitivity of the hydrological cycle to the altitude of the stratospheric sulphate aerosol layer.
Opposing approaches for enhancing energy efficiency in buildings
Authors: Rahman Motiar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes two opposing approaches for enhancing energy efficiency in buildings as a part of combating climate change and summarizes interim outcomes from two ongoing research projects. The first project focuses on adopting sustainable design methodologies in new buildings, and the second one aims at ’greening’ old but otherwise economically viable and usable buildings. Finally, the paper points to the potential for an integrated platform for efficient energy management system for buildings for clients and/or owners, albeit with addressing a range of issues.
Study on effect of anti-bribery management system to the quality of authority organization operational management in construction industry
Authors: Ali Khairul Ammar Muhammad , Gau Patrick Robert , Bakar Amalina Amirah Abu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Unethical behaviours are quite common in the construction industries. This study aims to assess the impact of unethical behaviours within organization, and the effectiveness of implementing Anti-Bribery Management System (ABMS) within organization. Among many of the government organizations, the main target respondents for this study were workers such as consultants and contractors who had worked with organization ’B’. The organization is called as Organization ’B’ as this topic research might be sensitive. In this study, distribution of questionnaires via online platform was used as a quantitative method where a total of 54 respondents out of 146 expected sample sizes were obtained. Majority of the respondents are agreeable towards the unethical behaviour will contribute to lower the quality of their works as the mean value is greater than 4.0. Plus, the implementing of ABMS are also shows positive impact in the quality of their works as the mean value is also greater than 4.0. From overall respondents, the top 3 variables for unethical behaviour are ’Hard Control Measures’, ’Conflict of Interest’, and ’Lack Supervision’. As for the implementation of ABMS, the top 3 variables are ’ABMS Qualification’, ’Leadership’, and ’Policies and Procedures’.
Early warning system for headwater risk in Johor Eco-Park: First development life cycle report
Authors: Mahmud Mohd Rizaludin , Md Reba Mohd Nadzri , Aman Salim , Mahli Abd. Ramlizauyahuddin , Awang Nor Wahida 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The headwater phenomenon is common in tropical waterfall and upper stream of Johor Eco-Park and threatens the visitors. Prior to that, an IoT system has been developed to issue early warning alert to the eco-park users on headwater risk. This paper presents the first life cycle report for the early headwater risk system in Gunung Pulai and Gunung Belumut Eco Park. Adapting the spiral development life cycle (SDLC), the system has completed its first complete spiral cycle whereas it has been implemented. This first SDLC report consists of four different parts: (i) problem and risk management, (ii) framework, (iii) system development, and (iv) testing and implementation. The alert on the site was triggered by the warning siren at the strategic locations. Simultaneously, the alert was also triggered in the web system and phone application to the eco-park management and prospective users to prevent from entering the premises. An auto generated report were also issued to provide potential disaster information for further action from the respective authorities. The developed system is subjected to be improved in the 2nd cycle by addressing several drawbacks including telecommunication signals, noise minimization, and threats from wild animals to the devices.
Characterization and prediction of acid mine drainage potential and metal solubility: Critical data for tailings and waste rock management in high sulfidation gold deposits
Authors: Eka Onwardana M , Ibrahim Abdul Haqi , Sedarta  , Tibri Tengku , Lismawaty  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the Purnama gold deposit at the Martabe mine of South Tapanuli District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, gold is extracted from the ore and the remaining fine-sized material is stored in the tailings storage facility (TSF) and waste rocks are placed as TSF embankments. Without proper management, tailings and waste rocks from mining can create acid mine drainage (AMD) and release toxic chemicals, posing significant risks to local ecosystems and residents in mining areas. To address this, a mineralogical and geochemical characterization study was investigated, as well as the leaching behavior of heavy metals in the tailings leach column tests (LCT) was conducted. Geochemical characterization showed quartz hornblende andesite and hornblende dacite as NAF materials; clay breccia, volcanic andesite, carbonaceous clay, volcanic breccia, and silica breccia as PAF materials. Further tests revealed that volcanic breccia, carbon clay, and volcanic andesite were classified as high-risk PAF materials, supported by XRD test results. Finally, the LCT results showed that volcanic breccia produced rapid acid drainage, with arsenic (45.9 mg L−1), copper (41.4 mg L−1), and manganese (14.1 mg L−1) being the main dissolved metals. It is important to manage PAF rocks and ensure the water leachate does not contain high concentrations of these metals.
Removal of diclofenac by photocatalysis utilizing crosslinked chitosan/oil-palm embedded titanium dioxide
Authors: Ghee K Z , Mokhtar Z , Hasan M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac from aqueous solution utilizing cross-linked chitosan/oil palm ash embedded titanium dioxide composite beads (TiO2-COPA) was studied. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was established to identify the functional groups of the composite beads. In order to conduct a kinetic and isotherm analysis, a number of parameters were taken into account, initial diclofenac concentration (10–50 mg L−1) and the dosage of composite beads (0.2–0.4 g). When compared to other concentrations, the initial concentration of diclofenac at 10 mg L−1 had the highest degradation percentage (51.32 %). With 69.32 % degradation, 0.4 g of titanium TiO2-COPA composite beads showed the greatest percentage. Photocatalytic degradation kinetics data were evaluated using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models. The rate constants for these models for under different initial concentrations were assessed. Kinetic studies proved that the photocatalysis conformed with the pseudo-first-order model. Langmuir Hinshelwood was utilized to analyze the equilibrium data at different diclofenac concentrations.
Impact of roots on the shear strength of root-reinforced soil on slopes
Authors: Rahman Ena Kartina Abdul , Jeludin Muneerah , Ratnayake Uditha , Musthapa Siti Maisarah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Tropical countries generally receive high rainfall throughout the year causing high runoff, wet soils and erosion. Undulating terrain from continuing erosion and frequent occurrences of landslides are the features of topographic evolution under such hydrological conditions. Vegetation is the only natural supporting factor that mitigates both erosion and landslides. It contributes to controlling soil erosion and strengthening of the soil by forming a mesh of roots at the surface. The objective of this study is to quantify soil strength on slopes when there is a presence of roots. Undisturbed samples were taken from two different depths of soil. The exact depth and distance varied slightly to avoid large roots and large gravel particles present in the natural environment. Immediately after sampling, the triaxial tests were performed under unconsolidated and undrained conditions. Subsequently, the tested samples were crushed carefully, to manually recover all roots and to classify the soil. From this study, it was observed that the presence of root fibres within the soil matrix has enhanced the soil strength through a binding action in the fibre-soil composite. The correlation between root content and shear strength is prominent near the surface and becomes less obvious in deeper soil layers when the root concentration becomes more sparsely distributed.
Indicative microzonation map of the contact zone between the kenny hill and limestone formation using active, passive and hybrid MASW methods
Authors: Zaki M F M , Ghazaly Z M , Bawadi N F , Ahmad M M , Nujid M M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The impact of the far-field earthquake generated by the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake (Richter scale of 9.3) was also felt by Malaysians. The ground motion triggered by this earthquake is caused by the shear wave velocity (Vs), particularly at a depth of 30 m (Vs30). Therefore, this dynamic soil properties need to be determined, which was evaluated using the active, passive, and hybrid multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) methods at 16 locations in the contact zone between the Kenny Hill and limestone formations in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Vs determined from the MASW for the contact zone ranging from 198 m/s to 286 m/s at the ground surface and from 376 m/s to 662 m/s at 30 m depth. In contrast, in the non-contact zone, Vs range from 212 m/s to 328 m/s at the ground surface and from 562 m/s to 921 m/s at 30 m depth. For Vs30, the contact zone has a minimum value of 280 m/s and a maximum value of 380 m/s, while the non-contact zone has a minimum value of 370 m/s and a maximum value of 530 m/s.
Numerical analysis on the differential settlement of geosynthetic reinforced soil integrated bridge system
Authors: Abdullah N H H , Ng K S , Jais I B M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Bump scenarios at the bridge approach frequently occur due to the differential settlement at the transition of the approach pavements and the bridge decks. The differential settlement between the approach roadway and the bridge deck is due to the greater consolidation settlement of the existing subsoil supporting the approach road relative to the foundation supporting the bridge deck. To overcome this problem, an economical method known as the geosynthetic reinforced integrated bridge system (GRS-IBS) is utilized. In this paper, a detailed description of the modelling approach to the GRS-IBS is presented. A validation analysis of the numerical model in terms of settlement, horizontal wall displacement, vertical pressure below the foundation, and lateral earth pressure shows good agreement with field observations. An analysis of the differential settlement of the GRS-IBS proves that it could eliminate the bump problems at the bridge approach. Then, further study was carried out to investigate the behaviour of GRS-IBS founded on soft soil. Finding shows that the bump formation for this system is out of tolerance. This finding aligns with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) guides, in which the GRS-IBS are not suitable where highly compressible soil is encountered. Several recommendations for future studies are given at the end of this paper.
Subgrade stabilization for road foundation in application for inundated area in Perlis, Malaysia
Authors: Ghazaly Z M , Bawadi N F , Ahmad M M , Nujid M M , Zaki M F M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Inundated areas, which are prone to frequent flooding, pose significant challenges for road infrastructure due to the adverse effects of water on subgrade soils. Thus, the objectives of this research were to identify and characterize the soil type from roadside of Kampung Bakau, Kangar, Perlis, and evaluate and propose the effective subgrade stabilization methods to enhance the performance and durability of road foundations under such condition. In this research, atterberg limit, standard proctor, and california bearing ratio (CBR) tests were conducted. For CBR test, 6 sets of soil samples were considered. In addition, during the CBR tests, soaked and unsoaked method were performed to simulate the condition of flooding. In general, the soil samples taken were characterized as high plasticity silt. Besides that, the results obtained from CBR test showed that lime with 8 % addition in mixture provides the highest strength which was 4.50 kN of load resisted at 2.00 mm penetration. Meanwhile, cement with 3 % addition in mixture showed the lowest strength observed in the CBR test which was 1.75 kN. In conclusion, this research showed that for high plasticity silt type of soil, the optimized subgrade stabilization method is by lime with 8 % addition in mixture.
Unconfined compressive strength of subgrade stabilized with coconut shell ash and lime in variation to curing time
Authors: Ramli Rozaini , Halim Mohammad Al Aiman Abdul , Mansor Syahirah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Many construction projects have encountered issues where the soil does not meet the necessary specifications for use as a subgrade layer. The high compressibility and low shear strength of these soils can lead to significant distortion when exposed to traffic loads. To address these issues, this study evaluated the impact of using natural additives namely coconut shell ash (CSA) admixed with lime. The research looked at how different types of treated soil and the quantity of chemicals used impacted the effectiveness of these additives. Variation portions of 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, 8 % and 10 % CSA with a constant 6% lime were used in the investigation. The study also examined how different variations of CSA and lime impacted the soil’s mechanical properties. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test was incorporated with curing times of 7, 14 and 28 days. The study's results found that using a combination of CSA and lime effectively improved the soil’s strength and durability. It conclusion, treated soil admixed with 6 % CSA and 6 % lime significantly improved the UCS as the value achieved 230.82 kN/m2 at 7 days. It's proven that untreated soil is more susceptible to water compared to treated soil.
Flexural strength behaviour of two-hollow interlocking concrete block inclusion with recycled concrete aggregate
Authors: Othman Nur Syahirah , Nor Noorsuhada Md , Saliah Soffian Noor Mat 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this study, the flexural strength of two hollow, interlocking concrete blocks (ICBs) made from 50 % recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) was determined under three–point loading. The study used a 1:4 concrete mix in which 50 % of the sand was replaced with recycled concrete aggregate. There was also a control mix without RCA and superplasticiser. The flexural strength, and compressive strength of the interlocking concrete blocks were determined after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. The two-hollow interlocking concrete blocks (THICB) exhibited optimum strength for the elements, indicating the potential usability of RCA as a component of a mortar mix. The result shows that the compressive and flexural strength of the concrete blocks increased with the recycled concrete aggregate content. Replacing the fine aggregate with RCA of 0 and 50 % therefore has a significant effect on improving important properties of the ICBs.
Residual compressive strength of locally corroded circular CFST stub columns: An experimental study
Authors: Alatshan Faesal , Osman Siti Aminah , Hamid Roszilah A. , Mashiri Fidelis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Circular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns are widely used in civil engineering structures due to their high strength, stiffness, and ductility. However, these columns are susceptible to local corrosion damage, which can reduce their load-carrying capacity and durability. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the impact of local corrosion on the residual compressive strength of CFST stub columns. The experimental program included 9 CFST columns, which were divided into two groups: G1 and G2. G1 specimens were subjected to actual electrochemical corrosion, while G2 specimens were subjected to mechanical damage to simulate the corrosion effect. The experimental results included the tested columns’ corrosion profiles, failure modes, load-strain relationships, and load-carrying capacities. The main findings of this paper show that: (1) Different heights and thicknesses of corrosion profile representing the non-uniform localized corrosion. (2) Failure modes were mainly affected by the localized damage conditions, where the buckling occurred in the affected area. (3) Load-strain relationships exhibited elastic behavior initially, followed by nonlinear plastic behavior until reaching their ultimate compressive capacity. (4) The mechanical damage method can reasonably approximate the corrosion damage in CFST columns. This paper provides useful insights into the structural behavior of locally damaged CFST short columns.
Influence of seawater mixing on fresh and mechanical properties of oil palm shell lightweight aggregate concrete containing spent garnet
Authors: Jamaludin Nur Farah Aziera , Muthusamy Khairunisa , Hashim Muhammad Fitri Abu , Nazle Haiqal Akashah Mohamad , Othman Nor Hazurina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The rapid advancement in construction practices has led to a higher demand for natural aggregates in the production of concrete. Simultaneously, there has been an increase in pollution due to the improper disposal of industrial waste. Effective waste management has become imperative to prevent environmental harm. A sustainable solution involves incorporating waste materials such as oil palm shells (OPS) from the palm oil industry and spent garnet from shipbuilding activities into concrete production. This research aims to explore the impact of introducing spent garnet as a partial substitute for sand on the fresh and hardened properties of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) made with OPS, mixed with seawater. Two sets of concrete mixes were prepared, varying the proportion of spent garnet as a partial replacement for fine aggregate, and both seawater and freshwater were used in the mixing process. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate workability, oven-dry density, and compressive strength of the concrete. The findings indicate that the workability decreases in freshwater but improves in both freshwater and seawater when spent garnet is added. All mixtures containing spent garnet qualify as LWAC. Notably, seawater-mixed OPS LWAC, with 10 % spent garnet, demonstrates the highest compressive strength. The use of seawater accelerates hydration, enhancing concrete strength compared to freshwater. In conclusion, incorporating spent garnet as a replacement for sand in concrete production results in environmentally friendly OPS LWAC. This approach contributes to waste reduction and minimizes reliance on landfills, promoting sustainable construction practices.