bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beginnings and Endings in the Musical Improvisations of Children Aged 7 to 10 Years
Authors: Tafuri Johannella , Baldi Gabriella , Caterina Roberto 
Published: March 2015

Many factors influence the activation and maturation of the compositional process in children. Although there are numerous studies on children's processes, production and behaviour, little has been done concerning the influence of the didactic strategies used by the teacher, which may actually encourage or suppress such processes. Children are generally asked to create a composition that has a beginning, a middle and end, but we wondered whether it was really necessary to request this structure or if children of a certain age already adopt it spontaneously, so teachers can use such skills as building blocks for further learning. We investigated if children, without any specific music education, possess a certain ability to use specific types of beginnings and/or endings and how they improve. We asked 132 primary school children, aged 7–10, to perform six improvisations, five with a soprano glockenspiel, and one with tambourine. A total of 792 pieces were recorded and analysed using a specific classification system. After referring to studies on musical theory and semiotics to clarify the concept of beginning and ending in a piece of music, we are presenting the results which show that a certain percentage of children aged 7 already possess the mentioned skills, and that there is a gradual spontaneous acquisition of the beginning/ending conventions. Children improve year by year, with greater progress between 8 and 9 years.
The Interpersonal Dimension: A Potential Source of Musical Creativity for Young Children?
Authors: Young Susan 
Published: March 2015

This article describes one strand of a study of self-initiated improvisation among three- and four-year-olds attending nursery education in London which aimed to understand some fundamental, generative processes. Early in the study differences had been noted between children's music play with an adult in comparison with play alone. Rather than seek to abstract the sound of children's music from all contextual features, as other studies of children's creativity have done, this study took as one of its main foci, the nature of children's improvisation when playing with an adult partner. For the purposes of the study, young children's play on an Orff xylophone was continuously recorded on video-tape. A transcription of the video data focused initially on the close observation and identification of small units of behaviour. The children's visible music play behaviours were analysed as situated systems of interaction between the child's movements, the structure of the xylophone and social interactions with an attendant adult. The study had three successive phases, each undertaken in a new nursery with a new sample of children. In total, 95 children took part across the three phases. The evolving nature of this phased study allowed salient aspects of children's play to emerge from a process of constant comparison and revaluation of the video data. It is proposed that the social interactive processes of play are one generative source of the child's musical ideas. These ideas are understood, first, as arising from the child's movement vocabulary and the play potentials of the instrument itself. Then, with a participatory adult, the child's play with the instrument is further structured by the intention to communicate. With reciprocating and “attuned” adult partners, the children began to play in spontaneously well-balanced, phrased exchanges, they created accumulative sequences, linked and transformed musical ideas and played with expressively varied dynamics.
Efficacy of degarelix in prostate cancer patients following failure on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist treatment: results from an open-label, multicentre, uncontrolled, phase II trial (CS27)
Authors: Miller Kurt , Simson Gabriele , Goble Sandra , Persson Bo-Eric 
Published: March 2015

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of second-line degarelix in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) after treatment failure with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist. Methods: This 1-year exploratory, multicentre, open-label phase II trial was performed in 2 patient cohorts (Cohort 1, n = 25; Cohort 2, n = 12) in Germany. Patients with castrate-resistant PCa after primary hormonal treatment received degarelix 240 mg, followed by 11 monthly maintenance doses of 80 mg. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with decreasing/stable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (relative change ⩽+10% of baseline PSA) after 3 months. Results: At Month 3, the response rate (intention-to-treat, last observation carried forward analysis) was 16.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.74–37.38] in Cohort 1 and 33.3% (95% CI: 9.92–65.11) in Cohort 2. The probability of completing 12 months without PSA progression was 8.8% (95% CI: 1.51–24.3) in Cohort 1 and 8.3% (95% CI: 0.5–31.1) in Cohort 2. Degarelix was well tolerated; the most frequently reported adverse events were local injection-site reactions. Conclusions: In PCa patients who failed LHRH therapy, degarelix was well tolerated and achieved a limited PSA response. Phase III trials show that disease control benefits with degarelix versus agonists are more clearly demonstrated as first-line therapy.
“That’s not something I was, I am, or am ever going to be:” multimodal self-assertion in digital video production
Authors: Doerr-Stevens Candance 
Published: March 2015

Issues of representation and identity are paramount in youth media. These issues are further complicated when youth draw on popular culture and other media resources as vehicles to interpret and represent themselves ( Alvermann, 2008 , Jenkins et al., 2006 ). While youth-produced media often draw on popular culture resources and are frequently accused of reproducing dominant stereotypes, many young media makers are often acutely aware of their audiences and deliberately use media resources to establish social connections that will enhance and manipulate audience reception. Using mediated discourse analysis ( Norris & Jones, 2005 ), this paper examines the documentary video production process of one such group of youth, exploring their process of purposeful selection and assemblage of popular culture and media resources. Findings reveal nuanced patterns of multimodal combination to establish and maintain attention of key audiences while asserting alternative social positions.
Conventional Humeral Retroversion Measurements Using Computed Tomography Slices or Ultrasound Images Are Not Correlated With the 3-Dimensional Humeral Retroversion Angle
Authors: Saka Masayuki , Yamauchi Hiroki , Yoshioka Toru , Hamada Hidetoshi , Gamada Kazuyoshi 
Published: March 2015

Background: Humeral retroversion angles determined by previous techniques are varied and/or biased by morphologic variations of the proximal and distal humerus, and their validity should be revisited. To overcome the limitations of previous studies associated with 2-dimensional (2D) images and the reference axes, a 3-dimensional (3D) measurement of humeral retroversion is required. However, comparisons of 2D imaging methods with the 3D computed tomography (CT) measurement as a reference standard have not been heretofore performed. Purpose: To determine whether the 3D CT humeral retroversion angle in baseball players is correlated with conventional humeral retroversion measurements. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 28 humeri from 14 male baseball players were used for measuring humeral retroversion. Participants underwent CT scans, and geometric bone models were created for measuring the 3D CT humeral retroversion angle. Using CT slices, the 2D CT humeral retroversion angle was also determined. Bicipital forearm angle was assessed using the indirect ultrasound technique. Linear regressions and Bland-Altman plots were used to determine whether there were agreements among 3 variables: the 3D CT retroversion, 2D CT retroversion, and bicipital forearm angles. Results: In linear regression analyses, the 3D humeral retroversion angle was not predicted by the 2D CT retroversion ( R = 0.167, R2 = 0.028, P = .395) or the bicipital forearm angle ( R = 0.049, R2 = 0.002, P = .805). The bias of these 2 methods was 20.9° and –15.3°, respectively. Regression analysis demonstrated that the bicipital forearm angle was a significant predictor of the 2D CT retroversion angle ( R = 0.632, R2 = 0.400, P < .001). Conclusion: The 3D CT humeral retroversion angle was found to be underestimated by the 2D CT retroversion angle and overestimated by the bicipital forearm angle obtained by the indirect ultrasound, although a previously observed relationship between the 2D CT retroversion and bicipital forearm angles was confirmed. Clinical Relevance: Precise measurement of humeral retroversion angle is important because retroversion has been linked to upper extremity disorders, including throwing-related shoulder and elbow disorders in baseball players.
Osteoblast ablation reduces normal long-term hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal but accelerates leukemia development
Authors: Bowers Marisa , Zhang Bin , Ho Yinwei , Agarwal Puneet , Chen Ching-Cheng , Bhatia Ravi 
Published: March 2015

Key Points
Bone marrow OB ablation leads to reduced quiescence, long-term engraftment, and self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells. Significantly accelerated leukemia development and reduced survival are seen in transgenic BCR-ABL mice following OB ablation.
Selective inhibition of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 blocks initiation and maintenance of B-cell transformation
Authors: Alinari Lapo , Mahasenan Kiran V. , Yan Fengting , Karkhanis Vrajesh , Chung Ji-Hyun , Smith Emily M. , Quinion Carl , Smith Porsha L. , Kim Lisa , Patton John T. , Lapalombella Rosa , Yu Bo , Wu Yun , Roy Satavisha , De Leo Alessandra , Pileri Stefano , Agostinelli Claudio , Ayers Leona , Bradner James E. , Chen-Kiang Selina , Elemento Olivier , Motiwala Tasneem , Majumder Sarmila , Byrd John C. , Jacob Samson , Sif Said , Li Chenglong , Baiocchi Robert A. 
Published: March 2015

Key PointsEBV infection leads to PRMT5 overexpression and global epigenetic changes that are essential to drive B-lymphocyte transformation. Highly selective PRMT5 inhibitors represent a novel, first-in-class drug that restores critical regulatory checkpoints in lymphoma cells.
No impact of passive smoke on the somatic profile of lung cancers in never-smokers
Authors: Couraud Sébastien , Debieuvre Didier , Moreau Lionel , Dumont Patrick , Margery Jacques , Quoix Elisabeth , Duvert Bernard , Cellerin Laurent , Baize Nathalie , Taviot Bruno , Coudurier Marie , Cadranel Jacques , Missy Pascale , Morin Franck , Mornex Jean-François , Zalcman Gérard , Souquet Pierre-Jean 
Published: March 2015

EGFRandHER2mutations andALKrearrangement are known to be related to lung cancer in never-smokers, whileKRAS,BRAFandPIK3CAmutations are typically observed among smokers. There is still debate surrounding whether never-smokers exposed to passive smoke exhibit a “smoker-like” somatic profile compared with unexposed never-smokers.Passive smoke exposure was assessed in the French BioCAST/IFCT-1002 never-smoker lung cancer cohort and routine molecular profiles analyses were compiled.Of the 384 patients recruited into BioCAST, 319 were tested for at least one biomarker and provided data relating to passive smoking. Overall, 219 (66%) reported having been exposed to passive smoking. No significant difference was observed between mutation frequency and passive smoke exposure (EGFRmutation: 46% in never exposedversus41% in ever exposed;KRAS: 7%versus7%;ALK: 13%versus11%;HER2: 4%versus5%;BRAF: 6%versus5%;PIK3CA: 4%versus2%). We observed a nonsignificant trend for a negative association betweenEGFRmutation and cumulative duration of passive smoke exposure. No association was found for other biomarkers.There is no clear association between passive smoke exposure and somatic profile in lifelong, never-smoker lung cancer.
Imprinting of the COPD airway epithelium for dedifferentiation and mesenchymal transition
Authors: Gohy Sophie T. , Hupin Cloé , Fregimilicka Chantal , Detry Bruno R. , Bouzin Caroline , Gaide Chevronay Héloïse , Lecocq Marylène , Weynand Birgit , Ladjemi Maha Z. , Pierreux Christophe E. , Birembaut Philippe , Polette Myriam , Pilette Charles 
Published: March 2015

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), epithelial changes and subepithelial fibrosis are salient features in conducting airways. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been recently suggested in COPD, but the mechanisms and relationship to peribronchial fibrosis remain unclear. We hypothesised that de-differentiation of the COPD respiratory epithelium through EMT could participate in airway fibrosis and thereby, in airway obstruction.Surgical lung tissue and primary broncho-epithelial cultures (in air–liquid interface (ALI)) from 104 patients were assessed for EMT markers. Cell cultures were also assayed for mesenchymal features and for the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1.The bronchial epithelium from COPD patients showed increased vimentin and decreased ZO-1 and E-cadherin expression. Increased vimentin expression correlated with basement membrane thickening and airflow limitation. ALI broncho-epithelial cells from COPD patients also displayed EMT phenotype in up to 2 weeks of culture, were more spindle shaped and released more fibronectin. Targeting TGF-β1 during ALI differentiation prevented vimentin induction and fibronectin release.In COPD, the airway epithelium displays features of de-differentiation towards mesenchymal cells, which correlate with peribronchial fibrosis and airflow limitation, and which are partly due to a TGF-β1-driven epithelial reprogramming.
Obstructive respiratory events and premature atrial contractions after cardioversion
Authors: Linz Dominik , Hohl Mathias , Ukena Christian , Mahfoud Felix , Wirth Klaus , Neuberger Hans-Ruprecht , Böhm Michael 
Published: March 2015

Recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after electrical cardioversion (ECV) is increased in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).In patients with persistent AF, with (n=40) and without (n=32) obstructive respiratory events (OREs) during sedation for ECV, we determined the occurrence of premature atrial contractions (PACs) before and after insertion of a nasopharyngeal tube. The influence of acute obstructive respiratory events on atrial electrophysiology after termination of AF was studied in pigs.Incidence of PACs directly after ECV was higher in patients with OREs compared to those without OREs (7±2versus1±1 per 10 s, respectively; p<0.01). Occurrence of PACs could be reduced by 79% by insertion of a nasopharyngeal tube. In a subsequent sleeping study, patients with OREs had higher apnoea–hypopnoea indices and more PACs during night. 16 patient with and four patients without OREs had a relapse of AF during 1 week after ECV (p<0.01). In pigs, acute OREs after 30 min of AF increased occurrence of PACs and vulnerability for reinduction of AF, which could be attenuated by atropine, beta-blockers and renal denervation.OREs are associated with increased occurrence of PACs and more early relapse of AF. OREs increase occurrence of PACs and vulnerability for reinduction of AF by sympathovagal imbalance.
αvβ6 integrin may be a potential prognostic biomarker in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Saini Gauri , Porte Joanne , Weinreb Paul H. , Violette Shelia M. , Wallace William A. , McKeever Tricia M. , Jenkins Gisli 
Published: March 2015

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis are progressive interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) with limited treatment options and poor survival. However, the rate of disease progression is variable, implying there may be different endotypes of disease. We hypothesised that immunophenotyping biopsies from ILD patients might reveal distinct endotypes of progressive fibrotic disease, which may facilitate stratification when undertaking clinical trials of novel therapies for IPF.43 paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed lung tissue sections were immunostained for five molecules implicated in the pathogenesis of the fibrosis: α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), αvβ6 integrin, pro-surfactant protein C (SP-C), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and tenascin-C (TenC). Levels of immunostaining and numbers of fibroblastic foci were quantified using operator-dependent and -independent methods. The relationship of all these markers to overall survival was analysed.Staining revealed high levels of αSMA, αvβ6 integrin, pro-SP-C, HGF and TenC, and fibroblastic foci. Immunostaining varied across samples for all molecules but only the extent of αvβ6 integrin immunostaining was associated with increased mortality. There was no association with the other markers measured.Our data suggest high levels of αvβ6 integrin may identify a specific endotype of progressive fibrotic lung disease.
Investigation of GaInAs strain reducing layer combined with InAs quantum dots embedded in Ga(In)As subcell of triple junction GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge solar cell
Authors: Li Senlin , Bi Jingfeng , Li Mingyang , Yang Meijia , Song Minghui , Liu Guanzhou , Xiong Weiping , Li Yang , Fang Yanyan , Chen Changqing , Lin Guijiang , Chen Wenjun , Wu Chaoyu , Wang Duxiang 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The InAs/GaAs quantum dots structure embedded in GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge triple junction solar cell with and without Ga0.90In0.10As strain reducing layer was investigated. Conversion efficiency of 33.91% at 1,000 suns AM 1.5D with Ga0.90In0.10As strain reducing layer was demonstrated. A 1.19% improvement of the conversion efficiency was obtained via inserting the Ga0.90In0.10As strain reducing layer. The main contribution of this improvement was from the increase of the short-circuit current, which is caused by the reduction of the Shockley–Read–Hall recombination centers. Consequently, there was a decrease in open circuit voltage due to the lower thermal activation energy of confined carriers in Ga0.9In0.1As than GaAs and a reduction in the effective band gap of quantum dots.
Structure and properties of Co-doped ZnO films prepared by thermal oxidization under a high magnetic field
Authors: Li Guojian , Wang Huimin , Wang Qiang , Zhao Yue , Wang Zhen , Du Jiaojiao , Ma Yonghui 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The effect of a high magnetic field applied during oxidation on the structure, optical transmittance, resistivity, and magnetism of cobalt (Co)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films prepared by oxidizing evaporated Zn/Co bilayer thin films in open air was studied. The relationship between the structure and properties of films oxidized with and without an applied magnetic field was analyzed. The results show that the high magnetic field obviously changed the structure and properties of the Co-doped ZnO films. The Lorentz force of the high magnetic field suppressed the oxidation growth on nanowhiskers. As a result, ZnO nanowires were formed without a magnetic field, whereas polyhedral particles formed under a 6 T magnetic field. This morphology variation from dendrite to polyhedron caused the transmittance below 1,200 nm of the film oxidized under a magnetic field of 6 T to be much lower than that of the film oxidized without a magnetic field. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy indicated that the high magnetic field suppressed Co substitution in the ZnO lattice, increased the concentration of oxygen vacancies, and changed the chemical state of Co. The increased concentration of oxygen vacancies affected the temperature dependence of the resistivity of the film oxidized under a magnetic field of 6 T compared with that of the film oxidized without a magnetic field. The changes of oxygen vacancy concentration and Co state caused by the application of the high magnetic field also increase the ferromagnetism of the film at room temperature. All of these results indicate that a high magnetic field is an effective tool to modify the structure and properties of ZnO thin films.
‘Need-to-Know’ emergency medicine articles of 2014
Authors: Huis in ‘t Veld Maite A , Nguyen Tu C , Martinez Joseph P , Mattu Amal 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Every year, thousands of articles are published in numerous medical journals that relate to the clinical practice of medicine. However, it is impossible for a single clinician to stay abreast of the literature, let alone to determine which articles should change daily practice. Physicians in our department have searched the emergency medicine and the specialty literature of 2014 to determine which articles are most relevant to the clinical practice of emergency medicine, summarized them, and listed key take-home points from these ‘need-to-know’ articles.
Predicting Abraham model solvent coefficients
Authors: Bradley Jean-Claude , Abraham Michael H , Acree William E , Lang Andrew SID 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
The Abraham general solvation model can be used in a broad set of scenarios involving partitioning and solubility, yet is limited to a set of solvents with measured Abraham coefficients. Here we extend the range of applicability of Abraham’s model by creating open models that can be used to predict the solvent coefficients for all organic solvents.

Results
We created open random forest models for the solvent coefficients e, s, a, b, and v that had out-of-bag R2 values of 0.31, 0.77, 0.92, 0.47, and 0.63 respectively. The models were used to suggest sustainable solvent replacements for commonly used solvents. For example, our models predict that propylene glycol may be used as a general sustainable solvent replacement for methanol.

Conclusion
The solvent coefficient models extend the range of applicability of the Abraham general solvation equations to all organic solvents. The models were developed under Open Notebook Science conditions which makes them open, reproducible, and as useful as possible.