bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Spheroidization and Inoculation on the Early Solidification Steps of Hypereutectic Cast Irons
Authors: Popelar Patrik , Lacaze Jacques 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCompacted and spheroidal graphite silicon cast irons generally have slightly hypereutectic compositions when referred to the equilibrium phase diagram. Previous studies have shown that the thermal analysis of these melts often exhibits misleading characteristics that could prevent proper process control. It was the aim of the present work to provide new results, taking into account the carbon equivalent as well as spheroidization and inoculation levels. Overall, the features of slightly and highly hypereutectic melts deduced from previous studies were confirmed, while additional information was obtained concerning the effect of spheroidization and inoculation levels.
The Association Between IQ and Its Components and Anxiety in Autistic Girls
Authors: Bitsika Vicki , Sharpley Christopher F. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To explore the effects of specific components of IQ on various forms of anxiety in autistic girls.

Methods
Full-Scale IQ, Block Design, Vocabulary, Matrix Reasoning and Similarities subtests of IQ, and Generalised Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety, and Separation Anxiety were assessed in a sample of 53 autistic girls aged 6 to 17 years old. The sample was dichotomised for age and menarche.

Results
Matrix Reasoning was found to be the only meaningful correlate of Social Anxiety for the entire sample, although inversely. Exploratory analyses suggested the possible effect of a developmentally based interaction between aspects of IQ and anxiety in autistic girls.

Conclusions
The role of developmentally linked sex hormone influences upon the social brain and prefrontal cortex function may underlie the associations between Matrix Reasoning and Social Anxiety in autistic girls.
Unveiling the epilepsy enigma: an agile and optimal machine learning approach for detecting inter-ictal state from electroencephalogram signals
Authors: Kaushik Shoibolina , Balachandra Mamatha , Olivia Diana , Khan Zaid 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEpilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by the occurrence of paroxysmal recurrent seizures, which are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Seizures vary widely in their presentation, depending on the specific region of the brain involved and the extent of the abnormal electrical discharges. The disease can affect cognitive function posing a serious threat to the patients’ lives. Epilepsy causes emotional and behavioral changes, along with sleep disorders and migraines, leading to social isolation and discrimination. Timely administration of medication can cure most cases of epilepsy. However, identifying epileptic patients requires reviewing multiple EEG signal sheets, which can delay disease prediction. Therefore, the aim of our study is to apply simplistic machine learning algorithms that can study the EEG signal data swiftly to identify individuals in seizure, inter-ictal, and normal states, thereby aiding in medical diagnosis. The novelty of this study lies in the utilization of pre-built methods and develop a fast and efficient model that is lightweight and easy to integrate in healthcare to provide relief to epileptic patients. While previous studies have achieved high accuracy, the discussion involving time complexity of their models has been scarce. Given the importance of timely medication in managing epilepsy, it is crucial to consider the runtime of the model rather than solely focusing on accuracy. Therefore, a model that balances both a short runtime (2.9 min) and a satisfactory accuracy (97.46%) has been developed in this project. Integration of this project's findings will catalyze transformative changes within the healthcare industry, enabling healthcare professionals to detect epilepsy at earlier stages and provide timely interventions, ultimately fostering a system that prioritizes precision, innovation, and improved patient outcomes.
Momentary Associations Between Emotional Responses to Social Media and Affect: Consistency Across Global Affect and Specific Emotional States
Authors: Boyd Simone Imani , Dreier Melissa J. , Jorgensen Saskia L. , Moghaddas Serena L. , Kleiman Evan , Hamilton Jessica L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSocial media (SM) is widely used among adolescents, making the relationship between SM and affect in this population important to understand. However, previous research has largely used methods that do not capture the dynamic and variable nature of SM or measure the consistency of effects across global affect and specific emotions. The current study examined the momentary relationship between positive and negative SM experiences and global positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), as well as specific affective states of PA and NA. Adolescents (N = 62; 14–17 years old) were recruited from SM platforms to participate in an eight-week ecological momentary assessment study. Participants reported three times per day on PA and NA and positive and negative SM experiences. Random intercept and random slope models were used to examine within-person associations between momentary positive and negative SM experiences and affect after controlling for between-person differences. At prompts when participants reported greater-than-usual positive SM experiences, they reported higher global PA and lower global NA. At prompts when participants reported greater than their average negative SM experiences, they endorsed lower global PA and higher global NA. These results were consistent across same-valence specific affective states. The current study highlights proximal associations between SM experiences and affect, highlighting potential avenues of short-term risk and protection.
Multi-gene-based investigation on the molecular phylogeny of the hypotrichous family Strongylidiidae (Protista, Ciliophora), with notes on the ontogeny of a new genus and new species
Authors: Song Wenya , Zhang Shijing , Li Yuqing , Ma Honggang , Li Qiyu , Luo Xiaotian , Al-Rasheid Khaled A. S. , Hines Hunter N. , Lu Xiaoteng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCiliates in the subclass Hypotrichia have long been difficult to classify as they are one of the most polymorphic and highly differentiated groups, leading to their systematics remaining unresolved. Phylogenetic relationships within the hypotrich family Strongylidiidae have been ambiguous due to discordance between the morphological and genetic data. In this study, a new strongylidiid genus Heterouroleptus is established, mainly based on the novel mode of origin of the ventral cirral rows: left ventral cirral row (LVR) originates from frontal–ventral–transverse cirral anlagen (FVTA) III (anterior portion), IV (middle portion), and V (rear portion); right ventral cirral row comes from the entire FVTA VI. A new species, Heterouroleptus weishanensis gen. nov., sp. nov., is investigated along with the morphometric and molecular data from a population of Strongylidium wuhanense. Eight new sequences and nuclear gene markers (single-gene and multi-gene) are provided to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of strongylidiids, with the COI gene utilized to uncover further genetic information at species level and below. The results reveal that: (1) Strongylidiidae is monophyletic and has a close relationship with Dorsomarginalia; (2) Heterouroleptus gen. nov. forms a clade that is sister to all the other strongylidiids; (3) Hemiamphisiella Foissner, 1988 and Pseudouroleptus Hemberger, 1985 should not be synonyms, and both genera should be subdivided due to their variable morphological characteristics; (4) LVR originating from three anlagen is a plesiomorphy of Strongylidiidae. The discovery of the origin of the LVR not only contributes to the establishment of the genus Heterouroleptus, but also helps to improve the diagnosis of the family Strongylidiidae.
Formation Mechanisms of Large‐Scale Folding in Greenland's Ice Sheet
Authors: Zhang Yu , Sachau Till , Franke Steven , Yang Haibin , Li Dian , Weikusat Ilka , Bons Paul D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRadio‐echo sounding (RES) shows large‐scale englacial stratigraphic folds are ubiquitous in Greenland's ice sheet. However, there is no consensus yet on how these folds form. Here, we use the full‐Stokes code Underworld2 to simulate ice movements in three‐dimensional convergent flow, mainly considering ice anisotropy due to a crystallographic preferred orientation, vertical viscosity and density gradients in ice layers, and bedrock topography. Our simulated folds show complex patterns and are classified into: large‐scale folds (>100 m amplitude), small‐scale folds (<<100 m) and basal‐shear folds. The amplitudes of large‐scale folds tend to be at their maximum in the middle of the ice column or just below, in accordance with observations in RES data. We conclude that ice anisotropy amplifies the perturbations in ice layers (mainly due to bedrock topography) into large‐scale folds during flow. Density differences between the warm deep ice and cold ice above may enhance fold amplification.
Characteristics of Thin Magnetotail Current Sheet Plasmas at Lunar Distances
Authors: Kamaletdinov S. R. , Artemyev A. V. , Runov A. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe magnetotail current sheet plays a key role in the dynamics of Earth's magnetosphere. Specifically, the formation and subsequent reconnection of thin (ion‐gyroscale) current sheets are critical components of magnetospheric substorms. However, the precise mechanisms governing the configuration and distribution of current density in these thin current sheets remain elusive. By analyzing a data set consisting of 453 thin current sheet crossings observed by the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) mission, we explore the statistical properties of the ion and electron pressures and current densities, Ji and Je, in the spacecraft rest frame. Using magnetotail flapping and magnetic field measurements to estimate the total current density, J0, we find that it agrees well with the sum of those from direct ion and electron measurements, Ji + Je, respectively. In 65% of thin current sheets, electrons were found to dominate the contribution to the total current density in the spacecraft frame, with a typical dawnward drift velocity of ≳100 km/s. Diamagnetic drifts of electrons and ions estimated from their respective vertical pressure profiles (along the current sheet normal) reveal that the gradient of electron pressure alone cannot fully account for the observed high values of Je/Ji. Counter‐intuitively, for most (52% of) thin current sheets the electron vertical pressure profile is wider than the ion pressure profile, again suggesting that electron diamagnetism is an insufficient contributor to the current density at such sheets. These findings suggest the presence of a significant E × B dawnward drift that the electrons can fully acquire but ions cannot, being partially unmagnetized. We compare our results with those previously reported for the near‐Earth magnetotail and discuss them in the context of magnetotail current sheet modeling.
The Abundance and Sources of Ice Nucleating Particles Within Alaskan Ice Fog
Authors: Lill Emily , Costa Emily J. , Barry Kevin , Mirrielees Jessica A. , Mashkevich Monica , Wu Judy , Holen Andrew L. , Cesler‐Maloney Meeta , DeMott Paul J. , Perkins Russell , Hill Thomas , Sullivan Amy , Levin Ezra , Simpson William R. , Mao Jingqiu , Temime‐Roussel Brice , D'Anna Barbara , Law Kathy S. , Ault Andrew P. , Schmitt Carl , Pratt Kerri A. , Fischer Emily V. , Creamean Jessie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Alaskan Layered Pollution and Chemical Analysis (ALPACA) field campaign included deployment of a suite of atmospheric measurements in January–February 2022 with the goal of better understanding atmospheric processes and pollution under cold and dark conditions in Fairbanks, Alaska. We report on measurements of particle composition, particle size, ice nucleating particle (INP) composition, and INP size during an ice fog period (29 January–3 February). During this period, coarse particulate matter (PM10) concentrations increased by 150% in association with a decrease in air temperature, a stronger temperature inversion, and relatively stagnant conditions. Results also show a 18%–78% decrease in INPs during the ice fog period, indicating that particles had activated into the ice fog via nucleation. Peroxide and heat treatments performed on INPs indicated that, on average, the largest contributions to the INP population were heat‐labile (potentially biological, 63%), organic (31%), then inorganic (likely dust, 6%). Measurements of levoglucosan and bulk and single‐particle composition corroborate the presence of dust and aerosols from combustion sources. Heat‐labile and organic INPs decreased during the peak period of the ice fog, indicating those were preferentially activated, while inorganic INPs increased, suggesting they remained as interstitial INPs. In general, INP concentrations were unexpectedly high in Fairbanks compared to other locations in the Arctic during winter. The fact that these INPs likely facilitated ice fog formation in Fairbanks has implications for other high latitude locations subject to the hazards associated with ice fog.
The North Pacific Meridional Mode and Its Impact on ENSO in the Second Version of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model
Authors: Chen Shaowen , Chen Shangfeng , Jin Jiangbo , Zheng Yuqiong , Chen Wen , Zheng Tao , Feng Tao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe North Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) is the strongest interannual air‐sea coupled system in the subtropical northeastern Pacific, which can significantly impact the development of El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study examines performance of the second version of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model (CAS‐ESM2), developed primarily at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP/CAS), in simulating the PMM, ENSO, and their relationship. It reveals that CAS‐ESM2 can well reproduce the tropical climate mean states, including sea surface temperature (SST), surface winds, and precipitation. Furthermore, the model shows a good ability in reproducing the seasonal evolutions of the PMM and ENSO. Moreover, CAS‐ESM2 effectively simulates the influence of the PMM on subsequent ENSO and the underlying physical mechanisms, including the wind‐evaporation‐SST feedback process, the trade wind charging mechanism and summer deep convection mechanism. However, some improvements are still needed, particularly in representing the periodicity of the PMM, an overestimation of the ENSO intensity and westward extension of ENSO‐related SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific. The results obtained from the CAS‐ESM2 showcase significant progress in understanding the interaction between air‐sea interaction systems over the tropics and subtropics.
Advancing from scalar to vectorial liquid crystal holography: a paradigm shift
Authors: Li Yan , Wu Shin-Tson 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA versatile and tunable vectorial holography is demonstrated based on single-layer single-material liquid crystal superstructures. This novel approach advances the process from scalar to vectorial holography, opening new opportunities for advanced cryptography, super‑resolution imaging, and many other tunable photonic applications.
Giant ultrafast dichroism and birefringence with active nonlocal metasurfaces
Authors: Crotti Giulia , Akturk Mert , Schirato Andrea , Vinel Vincent , Trifonov Anton A. , Buchvarov Ivan C. , Neshev Dragomir N. , Proietti Zaccaria Remo , Laporta Paolo , Lemaître Aristide , Leo Giuseppe , Cerullo Giulio , Maiuri Margherita , Della Valle Giuseppe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSwitching of light polarization on the sub-picosecond timescale is a crucial functionality for applications in a variety of contexts, including telecommunications, biology and chemistry. The ability to control polarization at ultrafast speed would pave the way for the development of unprecedented free-space optical links and of novel techniques for probing dynamical processes in complex systems, as chiral molecules. Such high switching speeds can only be reached with an all-optical paradigm, i.e., engineering active platforms capable of controlling light polarization via ultrashort laser pulses. Here we demonstrate giant modulation of dichroism and birefringence in an all-dielectric metasurface, achieved at low fluences of the optical control beam. This performance, which leverages the many degrees of freedom offered by all-dielectric active metasurfaces, is obtained by combining a high-quality factor nonlocal resonance with the giant third-order optical nonlinearity dictated by photogenerated hot carriers at the semiconductor band edge.
Annexin A1 binds PDZ and LIM domain 7 to inhibit adipogenesis and prevent obesity
Authors: Fang Lu , Liu Changjie , Jiang Zong-zhe , Wang Mengxiao , Geng Kang , Xu Yangkai , Zhu Yujie , Fu Yiwen , Xue Jing , Shan Wenxin , Zhang Qi , Chen Jie , Chen Jiahong , Zhao Mingming , Guo Yuxuan , Siu K. W. Michael , Chen Y. Eugene , Xu Yong , Liu Donghui , Zheng Lemin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObesity is a global issue that warrants the identification of more effective therapeutic targets and a better understanding of the pivotal molecular pathogenesis. Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is known to inhibit phospholipase A2, exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity. However, the specific effects of ANXA1 in obesity and the underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. Our study reveals that ANXA1 levels are elevated in the adipose tissue of individuals with obesity. Whole-body or adipocyte-specific ANXA1 deletion aggravates obesity and metabolic disorders. ANXA1 levels are higher in stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) than in mature adipocytes. Further investigation into the role of ANXA1 in SVFs reveals that ANXA1 overexpression induces lower numbers of mature adipocytes, while ANXA1-knockout SVFs exhibit the opposite effect. This suggests that ANXA1 plays an important role in adipogenesis. Mechanistically, ANXA1 competes with MYC binding protein 2 (MYCBP2) for interaction with PDZ and LIM domain 7 (PDLIM7). This exposes the MYCBP2-binding site, allowing it to bind more readily to the SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) and promoting its ubiquitination and degradation. SMAD4 degradation downregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) transcription and reduces adipogenesis. Treatment with Ac2-26, an active peptide derived from ANXA1, inhibits both adipogenesis and obesity through the mechanism. In conclusion, the molecular mechanism of ANXA1 inhibiting adipogenesis was first uncovered in our study, which is a potential target for obesity prevention and treatment.
Childhood maltreatment is linked to larger preferred interpersonal distances towards friends and strangers across the globe
Authors: Haim-Nachum Shilat , Sopp Marie R. , Lüönd Antonia M. , Afzal Nimrah , Åhs Fredrik , Allgaier Antje-Kathrin , Arévalo Adrián , Asongwe Christian , Bachem Rahel , Balle Stefanie R. , Belete Habte , Belete Mossie Tilahun , Berzengi Azi , Capraz Necip , Ceylan Deniz , Dukes Daniel , Essadek Aziz , Fares-Otero Natalia E. , Halligan Sarah L. , Hemi Alla , Iqbal Naved , Jobson Laura , Levy-Gigi Einat , Martin-Soelch Chantal , Michael Tanja , Oe Misari , Olff Miranda , Örnkloo Helena , Prakash Krithika , Quaatz Sarah M. , Raghavan Vijaya , Ramakrishnan Muniarajan , Reis Dorota , Şar Vedat , Schnyder Ulrich , Seedat Soraya , Shihab Ibtihal Najm , Vandhana Susilkumar , Wadji Dany Laure , Wamser Rachel , Zabag Reut , Spies Georgina , Pfaltz Monique C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChildhood maltreatment (CM) is thought to be associated with altered responses to social stimuli and interpersonal signals. However, limited evidence exists that CM is linked to larger comfortable interpersonal distance (CID) – the physical distance humans prefer towards others during social interactions. However, no previous study has investigated this association in a comprehensive sample, yielding sufficient statistical power. Moreover, preliminary findings are limited to the European region. Finally, it is unclear how CM affects CID towards different interaction partners, and whether CID is linked to social functioning and attachment. To address these outstanding issues, adults (N = 2986) from diverse cultures and socio-economic strata completed a reaction time task measuring CID towards an approaching stranger and friend. Higher CM was linked to a larger CID towards both friends and strangers. Moreover, insecure attachment and less social support were associated with larger CID. These findings demonstrate for the first time that CM affects CID across countries and cultures, highlighting the robustness of this association.
Noncanonical formation of SNX5 gene-derived circular RNA regulates cancer growth
Authors: Chen Yi-Tung , Tsai Hui-Ju , Kan Chia-Hua , Ma Chung-Pei , Chen Hui-Wen , Chang Ian Yi-Feng , Liu Hsuan , Wu Chih-Ching , Chu Wei-Yun , Wu Ya-Chun , Chang Kai-Ping , Yu Jau-Song , Tan Bertrand Chin-Ming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent cancer worldwide, exhibiting unique regional prevalence. Despite advancements in diagnostics and therapy, the 5-year survival rate for patients has seen limited improvement. A deeper understanding of OSCC pathogenesis, especially its molecular underpinnings, is essential for improving detection, prevention, and treatment. In this context, noncoding RNAs, such as circular RNAs (circRNAs), have gained recognition as crucial regulators and potential biomarkers in OSCC progression. Our study highlights the discovery of previously uncharacterized circRNAs, including a SNX5 gene-derived circRNA, circSNX5, through deep sequencing of OSCC patient tissue transcriptomes. We established circSNX5’s tumor-specific expression and its strong correlation with patient survival using structure-specific and quantitative PCR analyses. In vitro and in vivo experiments underscored circSNX5 RNA’s regulatory role in cancer growth and metastasis. Further, our omics profiling and functional assays revealed that ADAM10 is a critical effector in circSNX5-mediated cancer progression, with circSNX5 maintaining ADAM10 expression by sponging miR-323. This novel circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axis significantly contributes to oral cancer progression and malignancy. Moreover, we discovered that circSNX5 RNA is produced via noncanonical sequential back-splicing of pre-mRNA, a process negatively regulated by the RNA-binding protein STAU1. This finding adds a new dimension to our understanding of exonic circRNA biogenesis in the eukaryotic transcriptome. Collectively, our findings offer a detailed mechanistic dissection and functional interpretation of a novel circRNA, shedding light on the role of the noncoding transcriptome in cancer biology and potentially paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies.