bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐poled Efficient Flexible “Ferroelectretic” Nanogenerator: A New Class of Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
Authors: Ghosh Sujoy Kumar , Sinha Tridib Kumar , Mahanty Biswajit , Mandal Dipankar 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSuperior ferro‐ and piezo‐electret properties in a self‐poled, porous hybrid ferroelectretic polymer nanocomposite film for next‐generation device paradigms is introduced by in situ generation of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in poly(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF–HFP). The cooperative functionality between the self‐polarized β‐phase and the micropores as charge trapping sites is realized by using a simple solvent evaporation method. As a consequence, the resulting film exhibits extraordinary ferroelectretic behavior, as demonstrated by the superior electrical square‐shaped hysteresis loop with large remnant polarization (Pr≈61.7 μC cm−2), piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33∼−686 pC N−1), and ultrahigh dielectric properties (εr=2678, tan δ=0.79 at 1 kHz). A new type of ferroelectretic nanogenerator (FTNG) is fabricated using a flexible hybrid nanocomposite film that effectively converts the applied mechanical energy into electrical energy upon compressive normal stress (e.g., by actuating with a human finger). The 18 V of the open‐circuit output voltage with expected 17.7 μA short‐circuit current are generated from the FTNG under 4 MPa of normal stress amplitude. The high piezoelectric energy conversion efficiency (ηpiezo≈0.2 %) of the FTNG shows that the hybrid polymer nanocomposite film is well suited for the next generation of piezoelectric‐based energy harvesters. The operation of more than 50 blue LEDs, 25 green LEDs, and several capacitors without any subsidiary batteries is demonstrated using the FTNG.
Diagnosed Anxiety Disorders and the Risk of Subsequent Anorexia Nervosa: A Danish Population Register Study
Authors: Meier Sandra M. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Thornton Laura M. , Mattheisen Manuel , Mortensen Preben B. , Petersen Liselotte 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAnxiety disorders and anorexia nervosa are frequently acknowledged to be highly comorbid conditions, but still, little is known about the clinical and aetiological cohesion of specific anxiety diagnoses and anorexia nervosa. Using the comprehensive Danish population registers, we aimed to determine the risk of anorexia nervosa in patients with register‐detected severe anxiety disorders. We also explored whether parental psychopathology was associated with offspring's anorexia nervosa. Anxiety disorders increased the risk of subsequent anorexia nervosa, with the highest risk observed in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Especially, male anxiety patients were at an increased risk for anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, an increased risk was observed in offspring of fathers with panic disorder. A diagnosis of an anxiety disorder, specifically obsessive–compulsive disorder, constitutes a risk factor for subsequent diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. These observations support the notion that anxiety disorders and anorexia nervosa share etiological mechanisms and/or that anxiety represents one developmental pathway to anorexia nervosa. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
How do hydrologic modeling decisions affect the portrayal of climate change impacts?
Authors: Mendoza Pablo A. , Clark Martyn P. , Mizukami Naoki , Gutmann Ethan D. , Arnold Jeffrey R. , Brekke Levi D. , Rajagopalan Balaji 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEnd users face a range of subjective decisions when evaluating climate change impacts on hydrology, but the importance of these decisions is rarely assessed. In this paper, we evaluate the implications of hydrologic modelling choices on projected changes in the annual water balance, monthly simulated processes, and signature measures (i.e. metrics that quantify characteristics of the hydrologic catchment response) under a future climate scenario. To this end, we compare hydrologic changes computed with four different model structures – whose parameters have been obtained using a common calibration strategy – with hydrologic changes computed with a single model structure and parameter sets from multiple options for different calibration decisions (objective function, local optima, and calibration forcing dataset). Results show that both model structure selection and the parameter estimation strategy affect the direction and magnitude of projected changes in the annual water balance, and that the relative effects of these decisions are basin dependent. The analysis of monthly changes illustrates that parameter estimation strategies can provide similar or larger uncertainties in simulations of some hydrologic processes when compared with uncertainties coming from model choice. We found that the relative effects of modelling decisions on projected changes in catchment behaviour depend on the signature measure analysed. Furthermore, parameter sets with similar performance, but located in different regions of the parameter space, provide very different projections for future catchment behaviour. More generally, the results obtained in this study prompt the need to incorporate parametric uncertainty in multi‐model frameworks to avoid an over‐confident portrayal of climate change impacts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remodeling ofECMpatch into functional myocardium in an ovine model: A pilot study
Authors: Scully Brandi B. , Fan Christopher , Grigoryan Bagrat , Jacot Jeffrey G. , Vick G. W. , Kim Jeffrey J. , Fraser Charles D. , Grande‐Allen K. J. , Morales David L. S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that surgical patches comprised of small intestinal submucosa‐derived extracellular matrix (ECM) have biological remodeling potential. This pilot study investigated histological, mechanical, and bioelectrical properties of an ECM patch implanted in the ovine right‐ventricular outflow tract (RVOT).Materials and MethodsECM patches (2 × 2 cm2) were implanted in four Western Range sheep (wether males, 37–49 kg, age <1 year) and explanted at 5 months (n = 2) and 8 months (n = 2).In vivoanalysis included epicardial echocardiography and contact electrical mapping. Optical mapping was used to map electrical activity of two hearts on a Langendorff preparation. Mechanical testing quantified stiffness. Histological stains characterized structure, neovascularization, and calcification; immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessed cell phenotype.ResultsIn vivoanalysis showed that ECM patch tissue was contractile by M‐mode and two‐dimensional echocardiographic evaluation.In vivoelectrical mapping, and optical mapping confirmed that ECM conducted an organized electrical signal. Mechanical testing of native and ECM patched RVOT tissue showed an elastic modulus of the implanted patch comparable to native tissue stiffness.ConclusionsAt 5 and 8 months, the ECM had undergone extracellular matrix remodeling and neovascularization without calcification. The ECM was populated with locally aligned muscle cells positive for sarcomeric alpha‐actinin, CD45, and troponin I and T. In sheep, the ECM patch appears to have the potential of remodeling to resemble native, functional ventricular tissue as evidenced by histological, mechanical, and electrical properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1713–1720, 2016.
Uniform and electrically conductive biopolymer‐doped polypyrrole coating for fibrousPLA
Authors: Hiltunen M. , Pelto J. , Ellä V. , Kellomäki M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThree‐dimensional, fibrous scaffolds can be easily fabricated from polylactide (PLA) using melt spinning and textile techniques. However, the surface properties of PLA scaffolds are not ideal for tissue engineering purposes. Furthermore, electrically conducting scaffolds are required to deliver electrical stimulation to cells. In this study, uniform, electrically conducting polypyrrole (PPy) coatings were fabricated on biodegradable PLA fibers. Biopolymer dopants—hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS)—were compared, and a PPy/CS composition was analyzed further. The effect of the oxidative polymerization conditions on the PLA fibers and CS counterion was studied. Furthermore, the initial molecular weight of CS and its degree of polymerization were determined. Our experiments showed that the molecular weight of CS decreases under oxidizing conditions but that the decay is not significant with the short polymerization process we used. The coating process was transferred to nonwoven PLA fabrics, and the stability of PPy/CS coating was studied duringin vitroincubation in phosphate buffer solution at physiological temperature. The conductivity and surface roughness of the coating decayed during the 20‐day incubation. The mechanical strength, however, remained at the initial level. Thus, the fabricated structures are suitable for short‐term electrical stimulation adequate to promote cell functions in specific cases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1721–1729, 2016.
Mutations in Known Monogenic High Bone Mass Loci Only Explain a Small Proportion of High Bone Mass Cases
Authors: Gregson Celia L , Wheeler Lawrie , Hardcastle Sarah A , Appleton Louise H , Addison Kathryn A , Brugmans Marieke , Clark Graeme R , Ward Kate A , Paggiosi Margaret , Stone Mike , Thomas Joegi , Agarwal Rohan , Poole Kenneth ES , McCloskey Eugene , Fraser William D , Williams Eleanor , Bullock Alex N , Davey Smith George , Brown Matthew A , Tobias Jon H , Duncan Emma L 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

High bone mass (HBM) can be an incidental clinical finding; however, monogenic HBM disorders (eg, LRP5 or SOST mutations) are rare. We aimed to determine to what extent HBM is explained by mutations in known HBM genes. A total of 258 unrelated HBM cases were identified from a review of 335,115 DXA scans from 13 UK centers. Cases were assessed clinically and underwent sequencing of known anabolic HBM loci: LRP5 (exons 2, 3, 4), LRP4 (exons 25, 26), SOST (exons 1, 2, and the van Buchem's disease [VBD] 52-kb intronic deletion 3′). Family members were assessed for HBM segregation with identified variants. Three-dimensional protein models were constructed for identified variants. Two novel missense LRP5 HBM mutations ([c.518C&gt;T; p.Thr173Met], [c.796C&gt;T; p.Arg266Cys]) were identified, plus three previously reported missense LRP5 mutations ([c.593A&gt;G; p.Asn198Ser], [c.724G&gt;A; p.Ala242Thr], [c.266A&gt;G; p.Gln89Arg]), associated with HBM in 11 adults from seven families. Individuals with LRP5 HBM (∼prevalence 5/100,000) displayed a variable phenotype of skeletal dysplasia with increased trabecular BMD and cortical thickness on HRpQCT, and gynoid fat mass accumulation on DXA, compared with both non-LRP5 HBM and controls. One mostly asymptomatic woman carried a novel heterozygous nonsense SOST mutation (c.530C&gt;A; p.Ser177X) predicted to prematurely truncate sclerostin. Protein modeling suggests the severity of the LRP5-HBM phenotype corresponds to the degree of protein disruption and the consequent effect on SOST-LRP5 binding. We predict p.Asn198Ser and p.Ala242Thr directly disrupt SOST binding; both correspond to severe HBM phenotypes (BMD Z-scores +3.1 to +12.2, inability to float). Less disruptive structural alterations predicted from p.Arg266Cys, p.Thr173Met, and p.Gln89Arg were associated with less severe phenotypes (Z-scores +2.4 to +6.2, ability to float). In conclusion, although mutations in known HBM loci may be asymptomatic, they only account for a very small proportion (∼3%) of HBM individuals, suggesting the great majority are explained by either unknown monogenic causes or polygenic inheritance. © 2015 The Authors Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Breast reconstruction and adjuvant therapy: A systematic review of surgical outcomes
Authors: El‐Sabawi Bassim , Sosin Michael , Carey Joseph N. , Nahabedian Maurice Y. , Patel Ketan M. 
Published: September 2015

Background and Objectives: The impact of adjuvant therapy on the surgical outcomes following breast reconstruction is poorly understood. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate surgical outcomes following autologous and prosthetic reconstruction in the setting of post‐mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) and adjuvant chemotherapy.Methods: A systematic review of the English literature published from 2000 to 2015 in the Pubmed/MEDLINE database was performed to identify all manuscripts reporting outcome of breast reconstruction in patients receiving PMRT and/or adjuvant chemotherapy.Results: Sixty‐two manuscripts met the criteria for inclusion. This included 56 manuscripts (5437 patients) evaluating patients treated with PMRT and 11 manuscripts (820 patients) evaluating patients treated with chemotherapy. Pooled analysis of the PMRT cohort revealed significantly higher weighted incidences of re‐operation (P < 0.0001), total complications (P < 0.0001), and reconstructive failure (P < 0.0001) in prosthetic reconstruction compared to autologous. There was little evidence to suggest that postoperative chemotherapy is associated with poorer overall outcomes.Conclusions: PMRT was associated with an increased incidence of adverse events when compared to chemotherapy. There was little evidence to suggest that adverse events following breast reconstruction were related to adjuvant chemotherapy. Manipulating the method and timing of reconstruction may mitigate some of the undesirable outcomes associated with PMRT. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:458–464. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The kynurenine pathway is activated in human obesity and shifted toward kynurenine monooxygenase activation
Authors: Favennec Marie , Hennart Benjamin , Caiazzo Robert , Leloire Audrey , Yengo Loïc , Verbanck Marie , Arredouani Abdelilah , Marre Michel , Pigeyre Marie , Bessede Alban , Guillemin Gilles J. , Chinetti Giulia , Staels Bart , Pattou François , Balkau Beverley , Allorge Delphine , Froguel Philippe , Poulain‐Godefroy Odile 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveThis study characterized the kynurenine pathway (KP) in human obesity by evaluating circulating levels of kynurenines and the expression of KP enzymes in adipose tissue.MethodsTryptophan and KP metabolite levels were measured in serum of individuals from the D.E.S.I.R. cohort (case–cohort study: 212 diabetic, 836 randomly sampled) and in women with obesity, diabetic or normoglycemic, from the ABOS cohort (n = 100). KP enzyme gene expressions were analyzed in omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue of women from the ABOS cohort, in human primary adipocytes and in monocyte‐derived macrophages.ResultsIn the D.E.S.I.R. cohort, kynurenine levels were positively associated with body mass index (BMI) (P = 4.68 × 10−19) and with a higher HOMA2‐IR insulin resistance index (P = 6.23 × 10−4). The levels of kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and quinolinic acid were associated with higher BMI (P < 0.05). The expression of several KP enzyme genes (indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 [IDO1], kynureninase [KYNU], kynurenine 3‐monooxygenase [KMO], and kynurenine aminotransferase III [CCBL2]) was increased in the omental adipose tissue of women with obesity compared to lean (P < 0.05), and their expression was induced by proinflammatory cytokines in human primary adipocytes (P < 0.05), except for KMO that is not expressed in these cells. The expressions of IDO1, KYNU, KMO, and CCBL2 were higher in proinflammatory than in anti‐inflammatory macrophages (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn the context of obesity, the presence of macrophages in adipose tissue may contribute to diverting KP toward KMO activation.
The Play Experiences of Preschool Children from a Low‐socio‐economic Rural Community in Worcester, South Africa
Authors: Bartie Michelle , Dunnell Alex , Kaplan Jesse , Oosthuizen Dianka , Smit Danielle , van Dyk Anchen , Cloete Lizahn , Duvenage Mia 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOccupational therapists believe that play is a child's main occupation and is considered essential for healthy motor, cognitive and emotional development. However, play spaces and activities in low socio‐economic areas are often different to those provided in structured occupational therapy treatment environments. The main objective was to determine play opportunities, activities, equipment, toys and the play environment for 5‐ to 6‐year‐olds living in a low‐socio‐economic community outside a small town in South Africa, in order to understand the nature of play in this environment better. Participant observation together with an adapted photovoice method to capture the play experience was used. Data was analysed using inductive content analysis. Two global themes emerged from the results: “neighbourhood children find ways to play” and “context influences play”. Children were given ample opportunity to play and participated in extensive outdoor play. Their games were highly social and involved the imaginative use of found items as toys. Play was also used to make sense of social hazards. An understanding of play in a low‐income context has implications for the development of future play assessments and the provision of play therapy in these communities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic mechanism investigations on the ferromagnetism of (Sr,Na)(Zn,Mn)As with decoupled charge and spin doping
Authors: Yang Jun‐Tao , Luo Shi‐Jun , Xiong Yong‐Chen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe electronic structure and the magnetic properties of a new diluted magnetic semiconductor have been investigated, using first‐principles calculations within the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation. Compound is a ‐type structure semiconductor with a direct bandgap of 0.57 eV at the point. With spins doped via isovalent (Zn, Mn) substitutions, the system prefers the antiferromagnetic ground state, resulting from the Mn–Mn superexchange interactions. Via off‐stoichiometry (Sr, Na) substitutions, holes are introduced into the system, resulting in the ferromagnetic spin responses for Mn–Mn pairs, except for the nearest‐neighboring Mn–Mn pair. Based on our calculations, the ferromagnetism in the II–II–V‐based diluted magnetic semiconductor originates from Zener's p–d exchange interactions between localized Mn spins and itinerant holes mediated by As atoms.
Advanced techniques for spectrally efficient DVB‐S2X systems
Authors: Ugolini Alessandro , Modenini Andrea , Colavolpe Giulio , Mignone Vittoria , Morello Alberto 
Published: September 2015

SummaryWe investigate different techniques to improve the spectral efficiency of systems based on the DVB‐S2 standard, when the transmitted signal bandwidth cannot be increased because it has already been optimized to the maximum value allowed by transponder filters. We will investigate and compare several techniques involving different sections of the transceiver scheme. The techniques that will be considered include the use of advanced detection algorithms, the adoption of time packing, and the optimization of the constellation and shaping pulses. The low‐density parity‐check codes recently proposed for the evolution of the DVB‐S2 standard will be considered, as well as the adoption of iterative detection and decoding. Information‐theoretical analysis will be followed by the study of practical modulation and coding schemes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Gathering of Native American Healers: Exploring the Interface of Indigenous Tradition and Professional Practice
Authors: Moorehead Virgil D. , Gone Joseph P. , December Damia 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article reports insights from a 4‐day Gathering of Native American Healers at the University of Michigan in October of 2010. This event convened 18 traditional healers, clinically trained service providers, and cross‐cultural mental health researchers for a structured group dialogue to advance professional knowledge about the integration of Indigenous healing practices and conventional mental health treatments in community‐based mental health services for Native Americans. Our thematic analysis of transcripts from five Roundtable sessions afforded several key insights and understandings pertaining to the integration of Indigenous healing and conventional mental health services. First, with reference to traditional healing, the importance of a rampant relationality, various personal qualities, Indigenous spirituality, and maintenance of traditional life and culture were accentuated by Roundtable participants. Second, for traditional healers to practice effectively, Roundtable participants posited that these individuals must maintain personal wellness, cultivate profound knowledge of healing practices, recognize the intrinsic healing potential within all human beings, and work for the community rather than themselves. In speaking to the possibilities and challenges of collaboration between Indigenous and conventional biomedical therapeutic approaches, Roundtable participants recommended the implementation of cultural programming, the observance of mutuality and respect, the importance of clear and honest communication, and the need for awareness of cultural differences as unique challenges that must be collaboratively overcome.
Management options and fertility‐preserving therapy for premenopausal endometrial hyperplasia and early‐stage endometrial cancer
Authors: Gressel Gregory M. , Parkash Vinita , Pal Lubna 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundDefinitive management with hysterectomy could be appropriate for some patients with endometrial cancer and its precursor lesions, but poses challenges for those desiring future fertility.ObjectivesTo review risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia/cancer among premenopausal women and discuss management options for fertility preservation.Search strategyA literature search through the PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane databases was conducted using the terms “endometrial hyperplasia” and “endometrial cancer,” cross‐referenced with “fertility preservation.”Selection criteriaAll articles published in English between January 1, 2000, and January 1, 2015, were considered if they were readily available online.Data collection and analysisArticles were analyzed and information was synthesized into a comprehensive review.Main resultsChronic anovulation, obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus must be appreciated as risk factors for endometrial pathology. Providers must exert vigilance in identifying patients at risk and in initiating pre‐emptive strategies. Risk reduction with lifestyle modification, weight loss, and glycemic control can improve regression and overall health. Fertility outcomes for these patients are promising, especially with assisted reproductive technology.ConclusionsConservative management could be appropriate for carefully selected women with complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia or early‐stage endometrial cancer who desire future fertility.