bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of dietary fish consumption in pregnancy: comparing one-, four- and thirty-six-item questionnaires
Authors: Oken Emily , Guthrie Lauren B , Bloomingdale Arienne , Gillman Matthew W , Olsen Sjurdur F , Amarasiriwardena Chitra J , Platek Deborah N , Bellinger David C , Wright Robert O 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveFish consumption influences a number of health outcomes. Few studies have directly compared dietary assessment methods to determine the best approach to estimating intakes of fish and its component nutrients, including DHA, and toxicants, including methylmercury. Our objective was to compare three methods of assessing fish intake.DesignWe assessed 30 d fish intake using three approaches: (i) a single question on total fish consumption; (ii) a brief comprehensive FFQ that included four questions about fish; and (iii) a focused FFQ with thirty-six questions about different finfish and shellfish.SettingObstetrics practices in Boston, MA, USA.SubjectsFifty-nine pregnant women who consumed ≤2 monthly fish servings.ResultsEstimated intakes of fish, DHA and Hg were lowest with the one-question screener and highest with the thirty-six-item fish questionnaire. Estimated intake of DHA with the thirty-six-item questionnaire was 4·4-fold higher (97 v. 22 mg/d), and intake of Hg was 3·8-fold higher (1·6 v. 0·42 μg/d), compared with the one-question screener. Plasma DHA concentration was correlated with fish intake assessed with the one-question screener (Spearman r = 0·27, P = 0·04), but not with the four-item FFQ (r = 0·08, P = 0·54) or the thirty-six-item fish questionnaire (r = 0·01, P = 0·93). In contrast, blood and hair Hg concentrations were similarly correlated with fish and Hg intakes regardless of the assessment method (r = 0·35 to 0·52).ConclusionsA longer questionnaire provides no advantage over shorter questionnaires in ranking intakes of fish, DHA and Hg compared with biomarkers, but estimates of absolute intakes can vary by as much as fourfold across methods.
Evidence for biological activity in mineralization of secondary sulphate deposits in a basaltic environment: implications for the search for life in the Martian subsurface
Authors: Richardson C. Doc , Hinman Nancy W. , Scott Jill R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEvidence of microbial activity associated with mineralization of secondary Na-sulphate minerals (thenardite, mirabilite) in the basaltic subsurface of Craters of the Moon National Monument (COM), Idaho were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, laser desorption Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LD-FTICR-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Peaks suggestive of bio/organic compounds were observed in the secondary Na-sulphate deposits by LD-FTICR-MS. FTIR provided additional evidence for the presence of bio/organic compounds. Sulphur fractionation was explored to assist in determining if microbes may play a role in oxidizing sulphur. The presence of bio/organic compounds associated with Na-sulphate deposits, along with the necessity of oxidizing reduced sulphur to sulphate, suggests that biological activity may be involved in the formation of these secondary minerals. The secondary Na-sulphate minerals probably form from the overlying basalt through leached sodium ions and sulphate ions produced by bio-oxidation of Fe-sulphide minerals. Since the COM basalts are one of the most comparable terrestrial analogues for their Martian counterparts, the occurrence of biological activity in the formation of sulphate minerals at COM has direct implications for the search for life on Mars. In addition, the presence of caves on Mars suggests the importance of these environments as possible locations for growth and preservation of microbial activity. Therefore, understanding the physiochemical pathways of abiotic and biotic mineralization in the COM subsurface and similar basaltic settings has direct implications for the search for extinct or extant life on Mars.
Insight, positive and negative symptoms, hope, depression and self-stigma: a comprehensive model of mutual influences in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Schrank B. , Amering M. , Hay A. Grant , Weber M. , Sibitz I. 
Published: July 2013

Aims.Insight, positive and negative symptoms, hope, depression and self-stigma are relevant variables in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. So far, research on their mutual influences has been patchy. This study simultaneously tests the associations between these variables.Methods.A total of 284 people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were assessed using the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Integrative Hope Scale, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale. Path analysis was applied to test the hypothesized relationships between the variables.Results.Model support was excellent. Strong and mutual causal influences were confirmed between hope, depression and self-stigma. The model supported the assumption that insight diminishes hope and increases depression and self-stigma. While negative symptoms directly affected these three variables, reducing hope and increasing depression and self-stigma, positive symptoms did not. However, positive symptoms diminished self-stigma on a pathway via insight.Conclusions.This study provides a comprehensive synopsis of the relationships between six variables relevant for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Research implications include the need to investigate determinants of consequences of insight, and the sequence of influences exerted by positive and negative symptoms. Clinical implications include the importance of interventions against self-stigma and of taking a contextualized approach to insight.
Development of a Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Sirolimus: Predicting Bioavailability Based on Intestinal CYP3A Content
Authors: Emoto C , Fukuda T , Cox S , Christians U , Vinks AA 
Published: July 2013

Sirolimus is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and is increasingly being used in transplantation and cancer therapies. Sirolimus has low oral bioavailability and exhibits large pharmacokinetic variability. The underlying mechanisms for this variability have not been explored to a large extent. Sirolimus metabolism was characterized by in vitro intrinsic clearance estimation. Pathway contribution ranked from CYP3A4 > CYP3A5 > CYP2C8. With the well stirred and Qgut models sirolimus bioavailability was predicted at 15%. Interindividual differences in bioavailability could be attributed to variable intestinal CYP3A expression. The physiologically‐based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model developed in Simcyp predicted a high distribution of sirolimus into adipose tissue and another elimination pathway in addition to CYP‐mediated metabolism. PBPK model predictive performance was acceptable with Cmax and area under the curve (AUC) estimates within 20% of observed data in a dose escalation study. The model also showed potential to assess the impact of hepatic impairment and drug–drug interaction (DDI) on sirolimus pharmacokinetics.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e59; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.33; published online 24 July 2013
Idiom, Syntax, and Advanced Theory of Mind Abilities in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Whyte Elisabeth M. , Nelson Keith E. , Scherf K. Suzanne 
Published: July 2013

Purpose
When researchers investigate figurative language abilities (including idioms) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), syntax abilities may be more important than once considered. In addition, there are limitations to the overreliance on false-belief tasks to measure theory of mind (TOM) abilities. In the current study, the authors investigated idiom, syntax, and advanced TOM abilities in children with ASD compared to children with typical development (TD).

Method
Twenty-six children with ASD, ages 5 to 12 years, were compared to individuals in each of 2 control groups of children with TD: 1 matched on chronological age and nonverbal IQ, and 1 matched on syntax age-equivalence and raw scores. Idiom comprehension, syntax, vocabulary, and 2 measures of advanced TOM abilities were examined.

Results
Although children with ASD performed worse on idiom comprehension compared to the age-matched group with TD, they exhibited comparable idiom performance to the syntax-matched group with TD. Advanced TOM abilities were related to idiom comprehension for children with ASD, but not for children with TD, above the contributions of basic language abilities.

Conclusion
Syntax abilities should be used as a matching variable when examining figurative or other late-developing language skills.
Acoustics of Infant Pain Cries: Fundamental Frequency as a Measure of Arousal
Authors: Goberman Alexander M. , Whitfield Jason A. 
Published: July 2013

Purpose: The goal of the current study is to examine fundamental frequency (F0) from a sample of healthy newborn infant pain cries.Methods: A total of 58 healthy infants were included in the study. Data were examined from the first cry following a pain stimulus, in addition to a comparison of the first 30 seconds and the last 30 seconds of the entire crying episode.Results: In the current study, the mean F0 was found to decrease over time (regardless of infant sex, term status, or positioning). The data also showed a significantly higher F0 for preterm female infants (compared to preterm males) in the first cry immediately following the pain stimulus.Conclusions: These results reflect high levels of laryngeal tension following the pain stimulus, followed by an overall decrease in tension /arousal over time. The results support examination of the first cry following a pain stimulus, along with examination of the entire cry episode. Implications for the study of arousal and sudden infant death syndrome are discussed.
A dielectric frequency response model to evaluate the moisture content within an oil impregnated paper condenser bushing
Authors: Smith David J. , McMeekin Scott G. , Stewart Brian G. , Wallace Peter A. 
Published: July 2013

Increased moisture content within an oil‐paper insulation system can significantly reduce its life expectancy, and for oil impregnated paper condenser type bushings, it is the most common cause of failure. Distinction between moisture contents using traditional power frequency tests of dissipation factor and capacitance can be difficult, particularly at ambient temperatures. Dielectric frequency response is becoming an established technique to measure the dissipation factor and capacitance of a bushing, but to date an accurate model to evaluate the condenser moisture content has not been presented using this technique. In this study, a dielectric frequency response bushing model is proposed and finite element method software is used to simulate the variation in dissipation factor and capacitance of a bushing with varying moisture content, as a function of frequency and temperature. The modelled results are compared with measurements reported in the literature and from the authors’ own field measurements, where a good agreement is demonstrated. It is shown that the distinction in dissipation factor between moisture contents at frequencies <0.1 Hz is in excess of ten times greater than at 50 Hz. The proposed model can be used by practitioners to evaluate moisture content within the condenser insulation and distinguish between moisture contents ranging from 0.2 to 4.0%.
Yttrium antisite reduction and improved photodiode performance in Ce doped Y3Al5O12 by Czochralski growth in alumina rich melts
Authors: Haven Drew T. , Dickens Peter T. , Weber Marc H. , Lynn Kelvin G. 
Published: July 2013

Single crystal cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet boules were grown by the Czochralski method. Cerium concentrations were held at 1.0 at. % (with respect to yttrium in an on stoichiometric charge) but melt stoichiometry ranged from 10.0 at. % yttria rich to 10.0 at. % alumina rich in 5.0% increments. Photo-luminescence, lifetime, and scintillation data demonstrate a measureable decrease in UV defect emission as the melt becomes alumina rich. This is strongly consistent with a suppression of equilibrium YAl3+ antisite defect concentrations in the boule as melt stoichiometry shifts towards alumina rich. This decrease does not alter thermoluminescence behavior, making the case that carrier traps and YAl3+ antisites are independent defects. Additionally, an aluminum in-diffusion post growth treatment indicates the observed change is from reduction of YAl3+ antisite defect concentrations alone, as opposed to alteration of antisite-vacancy complexes. The results culminate in a large increase in visible emission and produce an excellent resolution of 5.04 ± 0.07% (662 keV; 10 mm thick) with electronic noise subtraction on a photodiode.
Monovalent antibody design and mechanism of action of onartuzumab, a MET antagonist with anti-tumor activity as a therapeutic agent
Authors: Merchant Mark , Ma Xiaolei , Maun Henry R. , Zheng Zhong , Peng Jing , Romero Mally , Huang Arthur , Yang Nai-ying , Nishimura Merry , Greve Joan , Santell Lydia , Zhang Yu-Wen , Su Yanli , Kaufman Dafna W. , Billeci Karen L. , Mai Elaine , Moffat Barbara , Lim Amy , Duenas Eileen T. , Phillips Heidi S. , Xiang Hong , Young Judy C. , Vande Woude George F. , Dennis Mark S. , Reilly Dorothea E. , Schwall Ralph H. , Starovasnik Melissa A. , Lazarus Robert A. , Yansura Daniel G. 
Published: July 2013

SignificanceTherapeutic antibodies have revolutionized the treatment of human disease. Despite these advances, antibody bivalency limits their utility against some targets. Here, we describe the development of a one-armed (monovalent) antibody, onartuzumab, targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase MET. While initial screening of bivalent antibodies produced agonists of MET, engineering them into monovalent antibodies produced antagonists instead. We explain the structural basis of the mechanism of action with the crystal structure of onartuzumab antigen-binding fragment in complex with MET and HGF-β. These discoveries have led to an additional antibody-based therapeutic option and shed light on the underpinnings of HGF/MET signaling.
The Politics of the Service Class
Authors: Flemmen Magne 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
Claims of the demise of class were in part fuelled by problems facing a class analysis of contemporary politics. Central to this was the emergence of the ‘new middle class’. Debates revolved around whether it would constitute a source of radicalism or conservatism. John Goldthorpe's concept of the service class has proven to be the most enduring contribution to these debates. The service class, Goldthorpe held, would constitute an essentially conservative element in contemporary society. Deviations from this expected conservatism were supposedly an intermittent, transitory phenomenon, devoid of structural basis. In this paper, I investigate the political attitudes of the Norwegian service class. Adhering to Clark and Lipset's insistence on the need for a more complex analysis of both class and politics, I take a multidimensional approach: political attitudes are seen within the two dimensions of economic and ‘post-materialist’ issues, and class divisions in terms of the two dimensions of volume and composition of capital, following Bourdieu. By applying Multiple Correspondence Analysis, I uncover a significant political heterogeneity with a structural basis in the different forms of capital, pace Goldthorpe. The fractions relying on cultural capital are markedly leftist, while their counterparts possessing economic capital constitute a right-wing. Also, service-class members with the most capital are more liberal than their counterparts with less overall capital. I argue that this points to the significance of a multidimensional concept of class, which in turn necessitates further work on how ‘Bourdieusian’ concepts can be synthesised with class analysis.
On the existence of extremal Type II ℤ_{2𝕜}-codes
Authors: Harada Masaaki , Miezaki Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2013

For lengths

8
8

,

16
16

, and

24
24

, it is known that there is an extremal Type II

Z

2
k

\mathbb {Z}_{2k}

-code for every positive integer

k
k

. In this paper, we show that there is an extremal Type II

Z

2
k

\mathbb {Z}_{2k}

-code of lengths

32
,
40
,
48
,
56

32,40,48,56

, and

64
64

for every positive integer

k
k

. For length

72
72

, it is also shown that there is an extremal Type II

Z

4
k

\mathbb {Z}_{4k}

-code for every positive integer

k
k

with

k
≥
2

k \ge 2

.
Could more than three million older people in England be at risk of alcohol-related harm? A cross-sectional analysis of proposed age-specific drinking limits
Authors: Knott Craig S. , Scholes Shaun , Shelton Nicola J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Objective: to determine the impact of recently proposed age-specific alcohol consumption limits on the proportion and number of older people classified at risk of alcohol-related harm.
Design: nationally representative cross-sectional population data from the Health Survey for England (HSE).
Participants: adults with valid alcohol consumption data, comprising 14,718 participants from 2003 and 14,939 from 2008.
Main outcome measure: the prevalence of alcohol consumption in excess of existing and recently proposed consumption limits, plus associated population estimates.
Results: the number of individuals aged 65 or over and drinking in excess of daily recommended limits would have increased 2.5-fold to over 3 million in 2008 under age-specific recommendations proposed in a report from the Royal College of Psychiatrists, equating to an at-risk population 809,000 individuals greater than found within the 16–24 age group during the same year. Suggested revisions to existing binge drinking classifications would have defined almost 1,200,000 people aged 65 or over as hazardous consumers of alcohol in 2008—a 3.6-fold increase over existing definitions.
Conclusion: age-specific drinking recommendations proposed in the Royal College of Psychiatrists Report would increase the number of older drinkers classified as hazardous alcohol consumers to a level greater than found among young adults aged 16–24.
Spinach latent virus Infecting Tomato in Virginia, United States
Authors: Vargas-Asencio J. , McLane H. , Bush E. , Perry K. L. 
Published: July 2013

Plants in a single field of commercial tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) of unidentified cultivars in Virginia in July, 2012, were observed showing stunting, leaf distortion, twisting and thickening, discoloration, and color streaking and ringspots on fruits. Serological tests were negative for Cucumber mosaic virus, Groundnut ringspot virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus, Tomato chlorotic spot virus, Impatiens necrotic spot virus, Tobacco mosaic virus, and Tomato bushy stunt virus (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN). Using a membrane-based macroarray (3), hybridization was observed to 8 of 9 70-mer oligonucleotide probes of Spinach latent virus (SpLV; genus Ilarvirus, family Bromoviridae). To confirm the hybridization results, complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized using random hexamers and MMLV reverse transcriptase (Promega, Madison, WI), followed by PCR amplification using ilarvirus degenerate primers (4). Fragments of approximately 380 bp were amplified and directly sequenced (GenBank Accession KC_466090); a BLAST search showed a 99% identity to the SpLV RNA 2 reference genome (NC_003809). Primers for SpLV RNA1 (SpLVRNA1f-GGTGTCACCATGCAAACTGG, SpLVRNA1r-AGCTCTTCGTAATAGGCCTGC) and SpLV RNA3 (SpLVCPf-GAAGTCTTTCCCAGGTGAGCA, SpLVCPr-AGGTGGGCATATGGACTTGG) were designed and cDNA was amplified using the IQ supermix (Biorad, Hercules, CA) with thermocycling of 94°C for 4 min, 35× (94°C 45 s, 55°C 45 s, 72°C 45 s), and 72°C for 10 min. The resulting fragments of 538 bp for RNA1 (KC_466088) and 661 bp for RNA3 (KC_466089) showed 100% identity to reference genome sequences for SpLV (NC_003808 and NC_003810, respectively). To demonstrate virus transmissibility, Chenopodium quinoa plants were mechanically inoculated using tomato leaf material (same source described above) ground in 30 mM Na2HPO4 buffer, pH 7.0. Necrotic spots developed on the inoculated leaves 10 dpi. Younger, non-inoculated leaves showed yellow mottling and tested positive for SpLV by RT-PCR (two of two plants tested). The detection of SpLV is rarely reported, with only one record from the United States (2). Although SpLV is described as a latent virus, it has been found associated with tomato fruit symptoms in New Zealand (1). It is not known if the fruit ringspot and other symptoms on the Virginia samples were due to virus infection. Since SpLV is seed-transmissible and seed production takes place in different parts of the world, it has the potential to spread with germplasm and become more widespread in North America. References: (1) B. S. M. Lebas et al. Plant Dis. 91:228, 2007. (2) H. Y. Liu and J. E. Duffus. Phytopathology 76:1087, 1986. (3) K. L. Perry and X. Lu. Phytopathology 100:S100, 2010. (4) M. Untiveros, et al. J. Virol. Methods 165:97, 2010.
From mourning to scientific legacy: commemorating Lister in London and Scotland
Authors: Dupree Marguerite Wright 
Published: July 2013

This paper examines the changing methods, underlying motives, clienteles and controversy surrounding posthumous commemorations of Lord Lister in Britain. The importance of the commemorations for professional identity formation continues throughout the twentieth century, but World War I appears as a turning point. The constituencies commemorating Lister change from broadly international, national and civic with an emphasis on fundraising, to more narrowly professional; the use of religious imagery is notable after the war in the debates in the 1920s; and as his students, so central to the creation and preservation of his image, die, the focus begins to shift from the man and his achievements, ‘the great benefactor of mankind’, to his legacy in the current state of subjects related to his work. The changing nature of the commemorations suggests that although Lister's precise position in the history of surgery is contentious today, his importance as an iconic figure in the history of the medical profession is secure.