bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of CF4 + X + He (X = C4F8 or C4H2F6) plasmas for high aspect ratio etching of SiO2 with ACL mask
Authors: Choi Gilyoung , Efremov Alexander , Kwon Kwang‐Ho 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work compared C4F8 and C4H2F6 gases (as third components in CF4 + He gas mixture) for the high aspect ratio etching of SiO2 through the amorphous carbon layer (ACL) mask. The research scheme included the study of gas‐phase plasma characteristics, etching kinetics, and etching profiles. It was found that CF4 + C4F8 + He and CF4 + C4H2F6 + He gas mixtures are featured by quite close plasma parameters, the kinetics of electron‐impact processes, and ion bombardment intensities. At the same, the use of C4H2F6 provides a bit lower F atom density together with a bit higher polymerizing ability. All these factors cause lower absolute etching rates for both SiO2 and ACL but provide better SiO2/ACL/ACL selectivity and profile features.
A new endophytic Penicillium oxalicum with aphicidal activity and its infection mechanism
Authors: Song Yuxin , Liu Xiaoli , Zhao Kangbo , Ma Ruyi , Wu Wenjun , Zhang Yuanyuan , Duan Longfei , Li Xinnuo , Xu Hong , Cheng Min , Qin Baofu , Qi Zhijun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAphid infestation adversely affects the yield and quality of crops. Rapid reproduction and insecticidal resistance have made controlling aphids in the field challenging. Therefore, the present study investigated the insecticidal property of Penicillium oxalicum (QLhf‐1) and its mechanism of action against aphids, Hyalopterus arundimis Fabricius.RESULTSBioassay revealed that the control efficacy of the spores against aphids (86.30% and 89.05% on the third day and fifth day after infection, respectively) were higher than other components, such as the mycelium. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that QLhf‐1 invaded the aphid cuticle through spores and used the aphid tissues as a nutrient source for growth and reproduction, causing stiffness and atrophy and a final death. Three extracellular enzymes, lipase, protease, and chitinase had a synergistic effect with spores, and they acted together to complete the infection process by degrading the aphid body wall and accelerating the infection process.CONCLUSIONThe newly discovered endophytic penicillin strain P. oxalicum ‘QLhf‐1’ can effectively kill aphids. The results provided strong evidence for the biological control of aphids, and lay a foundation for the development and utilization of QLhf‐1. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Balloon pulmonary angioplasty for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease without pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Kiko Takatoyo , Asano Ryotaro , Endo Hiroyuki , Nishi Naruhiro , Hayashi Hiroya , Kotoku Akiyuki , Horinouchi Hiroki , Ueda Jin , Aoki Tatsuo , Tsuji Akihiro , Fukuda Tetsuya , Ogo Takeshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBalloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is beneficial for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) with pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the clinical benefit of BPA for the patients with CTEPD without PH remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and long‐term outcomes of BPA in patients with CTEPD without PH. We retrospectively analyzed the data from 84 CTEPD patients with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) < 25 mmHg and 39 CTEPD patients with mPAP ≤ 20 mmHg (without PH). Among the 39 patients with CTEPD without PH, 14 underwent BPA (BPA‐treated group), and the remaining 25 received no treatment (untreated group). In the patients with CTEPD without PH, BPA led to improvements in symptoms, pulmonary vascular resistance (3.6 ± 1.6 to 2.6 ± 1.1 Wood units, p < 0.001), peak oxygen consumption (16.1 ± 4.0 to 18.8 ± 4.3 mL/kg/min, p = 0.033), minute ventilation versus carbon dioxide production slope (41.4 ± 12.2 to 35.1 ± 6.7, p = 0.026), and mPAP/cardiac output slope (7.0 ± 2.6 to 4.4 ± 2.0 mmHg/L/min, p = 0.004) and facilitated the discontinuation of home oxygenation therapy, with no serious complications. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed no significant difference in all‐cause mortality between the untreated and BPA‐treated groups. BPA may be a safe treatment option for the patients with CTEPD without PH that can alleviate symptoms, improve exercise capacity, and facilitate weaning from home oxygen therapy. Further prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings.
An Almost Deterministic Cooling by Measurements
Authors: Yan Jia‐shun , Jing Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNondeterministic measurement‐based techniques are efficient in reshaping the population distribution of a quantum system but suffer from a limited success probability of holding the system in the target state. To save the experimental cost, a two‐step protocol is proposed to cool a resonator down to the ground state with a near‐unit probability by exploiting the state‐engineering mechanisms of both conditional and unconditional measurements on an ancillary qubit. In the first step, the unconditional measurements on the ancillary qubit are applied to reshape the target resonator from a thermal state to a reserved Fock state. The measurement sequence can be efficiently optimized by reinforcement learning for maximum fidelity. In the second step, the population on the reserved state can be faithfully transferred in a stepwise way to the resonator's ground state with a near‐unit fidelity by the conditional measurements on the qubit. Properly designing the projection operator and the measurement interval enables the Kraus operator to act as a lowering operator for neighboring Fock states. Through dozens of measurements in all, the initial thermal average population of the resonator can be reduced by five orders in magnitude with a success probability of over 95%.
Electrocatalysis Using Cobalt Porphyrin Covalently Linked with Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Hydrazine Sensing and Hydrazine‐Assisted Green Hydrogen Synthesis
Authors: Tasleem Mohammad , Singh Varsha , Tiwari Ananya , Ganesan Vellaichamy , Sankar Muniappan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAcid‐treated multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) covalently functionalized with cobalt triphenothiazine porphyrin (CoTriPTZ‐OH) A3B type porphyrin, containing three phenothiazine moieties (represented as MWCNT‐CoTriPTZ) is synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The nanoconjugate, MWCNT‐CoTriPTZ, exhibits a pair of distinct redox peaks due to the Co2+/Co3+ redox process in 0.1 M pH 7.0 phosphate buffer. Further, it electrocatalytically oxidizes hydrazine at a low overpotential with a high current. This property is advantageously utilized for the sensitive determination of hydrazine. The developed electrochemical sensor exhibits high sensitivity (0.99 µAµM−1cm−2), a low limit of detection (4.5 ppb), and a broad linear calibration range (0.1 µM to 3.0 mM) for the determination of hydrazine. Further, MWCNT‐CoTriPTZ is exploited for hydrazine‐assisted green hydrogen synthesis. The high efficiency of hydrazine oxidation is confirmed by the low onset potential (0.45 V (vs RHE)) and 0.60 V (vs RHE) at the current density of 10 mA.cm−2. MWCNT‐CoTriPTZ displays a high current density (77.29 mA.cm−2) at 1.45 V (vs RHE).
K‐Doping Suppresses Oxygen Redox in P2‐Na0.67Ni0.11Cu0.22Mn0.67O2 Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Bei , Wong Deniz , Fu Zhongheng , Guo Hao , Schulz Christian , Karkera Guruprakash , Hahn Horst , Bianchini Matteo , Wang Qingsong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn P2‐type layered oxide cathodes, Na site‐regulation strategies are proposed to modulate the Na+ distribution and structural stability. However, their impact on the oxygen redox reactions remains poorly understood. Herein, the incorporation of K+ in the Na layer of Na0.67Ni0.11Cu0.22Mn0.67O2 is successfully applied. The effects of partial substitution of Na+ with K+ on electrochemical properties, structural stability, and oxygen redox reactions have been extensively studied. Improved Na+ diffusion kinetics of the cathode is observed from galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and rate performance. The valence states and local structural environment of the transition metals (TMs) are elucidated via operando synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). It is revealed that the TMO2 slabs tend to be strengthened by K‐doping, which efficiently facilitates reversible local structural change. Operando X‐ray diffraction (XRD) further confirms more reversible phase changes during the charge/discharge for the cathode after K‐doping. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that oxygen redox reaction in Na0.62K0.03Ni0.11Cu0.22Mn0.67O2 cathode has been remarkably suppressed as the nonbonding O 2p states shift down in the energy. This is further corroborated experimentally by resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering (RIXS) spectroscopy, ultimately proving the role of K+ incorporated in the Na layer.
On the value of instance selection for bug resolution prediction performance
Authors: Miloudi Chaymae , Cheikhi Laila , Idri Ali , Abran Alain 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSoftware maintenance is a challenging and laborious software management activity, especially for open‐source software. The bugs reports of such software allow tracking maintenance activities and were used in several empirical studies to better predict the bug resolution effort. These reports are known for their large size and contain nonrelevant instances that need to be preprocessed to be suitable for use. To this end, instance selection (IS) has been proposed in the literature as a way to reduce the size of the datasets, while keeping the relevant instances. The objective of this study is to perform an empirical study that investigates the impact of data preprocessing through IS on the performance of bug resolution prediction classifiers. To deal with this, four IS algorithms, namely, edited nearest neighbor (ENN), repeated ENN, all‐k nearest neighbors, and model class selection, are applied on five large datasets, together with five machine learning techniques. Overall, 125 experiments were performed and compared. The findings of this study highlight the positive impact of IS in providing better estimates for bug resolution prediction classifiers, in particular using repeated ENN and ENN algorithms.
Bulk water services delivery challenges in the Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality in South Africa's North West Province
Authors: Mouton Nelda , Motshabi Tshepo , Jeje Kafigi , Henrico Alfred 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study thoroughly examines the difficulties in providing bulk water services in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality in the North West Province, with the end goal of giving comprehensive suggestions for operational and strategic improvements. The study adopted a qualitative research approach, employing semistructured interviews for gathering data from officials of various municipalities responsible for overseeing infrastructure within the geographical confines of the municipalities they serve. The findings identified themes indicative of the focus areas contributing to the bulk water services delivery challenges. These emphasized the importance of fostering a collaborative work environment, thus promoting organizational learning, and implementing effective change management to elevate service delivery standards. It identifies the necessity for heightened operational efficiency and advocates for a cultural shift within municipal operations. Strategic planning, marked by the creation and regular refinement of master plans, is highlighted alongside the implementation of robust project management practices. The study emphasizes the critical need for synchronizing municipal planning processes with statutory requirements and the changing demands of the local community. The research advocates for a flexible and responsive approach to master planning, which is indispensable for adapting to shifts in administrative frameworks and community needs. The study recommends the development of a dynamic master plan for water services, one that is regularly reviewed and updated to reflect the evolving legislative landscape and community priorities. It also suggests that municipal authorities should ensure that the planning process remains inclusive and responsive to the residents' needs. Furthermore, training and capacity‐building initiatives for municipal officials could be instrumental in enhancing their ability to adapt to these changing demands and legislative environments.
Keratometry
Authors: Olsen Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe technique of measuring the corneal power by keratometry is reviewed. The importance of the keratometer index for the translation of the radius into dioptric power is explained, and evidence is given that the conventional index of 1.3375 gives a corneal power which is higher than the physiological value. The effect of spherical aberration on the keratometer reading is shown by numerical examples using exact ray tracing. Ray tracing is used to analyze tomographically obtained elevation data to calculate the effective corneal power as a function of pupil size. The ray-traced corneal power at 3 mm pupil was found to be about 1 D lower than the standard keratometer diopter value. Finally, it is shown how the Stiles–Crawford effect moderates the effect of spherical aberration for large pupil sizes.
American History of IOL Power Calculation
Authors: Hoffer Kenneth J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe history of ultrasound axial length measurement and formula development for IOL power calculation in America are described beginning with the initial trials in April 1974, and through the trials and tribulations the author experienced in trying to improve the accuracy of the procedure through instrumentation and formulas as well as efforts to teach others how to perform it and improve it. This includes the first studies showing the sound velocities of the eye, the normal biometric measurements of the cataractous eye, and the development of the first calculators and computer programs for using the formulas.
Aladdin Optical Biometer
Authors: Foggi Alessandro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter is a full description and analysis of the technology behind the Aladdin Optical biometer. It includes a complete description of how it works for biometry measurements including a thorough discussion of its corneal topography capabilities as well as the determination of corneal power and evaluation of keratoconus as well as spherical aberration. There is a complete description of IOL power capabilities and how to use the IOL power software and included formulas in the instrument.
CSO IOL Calculation Module
Authors: Vestri Gabriele , Versaci Francesco , Savini Giacomo , Aramberri Jaime 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe IOL (Intraocular Lens) calculation software available in CSO’s (Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici) instruments is a ray-tracing application based on the measured parameters of the ocular anterior segment. The altimetric data of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces and the positions of the iris and scleral spurs are used in combination with the altimetric data of the IOL to build a three-dimensional model of the eye. For each simulated ray entering the pupil of the eye, the software calculates its intersection with any optical interface and applies Snell’s refraction law to get the direction of the refracted ray. The position of the IOL is predicted with a proprietary algorithm based on the positions of the iris and scleral spurs. With a given IOL model and power, this software predicts the postoperative sphere, cylinder, refractive map, point spread function (PSF) and focusing chart. Unlike standard thin-lens formulas, this method is not affected by previous corneal surgery and can be used in eyes with any corneal disease or surgical history.
Holladay Formulas
Authors: Cooke David L. , Aramberri Jaime 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Holladay formulas are thin-lens vergence formulas designed to calculate the intraocular lens (IOL) power. In this chapter, the general formulation of this type of formula is described. The Holladay 1 formula was the first theoretical formula that used two variables to predict the position of the IOL (effective lens position, ELP). The Holladay 2 formula increased the number of variables involved in the ELP prediction. Recently, an axial length adjustment has improved the performance of these formulas in long and short eyes. The refractive outcomes published in the most relevant studies are discussed. The Holladay IOL Consultant software contains these formulas and offers many useful tools to the cataract surgeon.
Intraoperative Aberrometry
Authors: Ianchulev Sean 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntraoperative aberrometry (IA) has advanced high-precision ocular biometry from the clinic into the surgical suite. Additional optical biometric data during cataract surgery can enhance surgical decision-making and help improve fidelity and refractive outcomes of IOL implantation. This is particularly timely in the age of premium IOLs and higher patient expectations for reduced post-surgical refractive errors, spectacle independence, and astigmatism correction. IA is one of the first examples of automated biometric systems with cloud-based connectivity in ophthalmology.
Ladas Super Formula: Origin and Evolution with AI
Authors: Ladas John , Devgan Uday , Jun Albert , Siddiqui Aazim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe original Ladas Super Formula 1.0 included parts of the Hoffer Q, the Holladay 1, and the SRK/T formulas, with Wang-Koch axial length adjustment in long eyes. The use of multiple formulas was shown to lead to better outcomes by selecting the most accurate formula for a particular eye.The Ladas Super Formula 2.0 was developed on the 1.0 framework and integrates artificial intelligence supervised learning to predict the refractive error, based on three input variables: axial length, corneal power, and anterior chamber depth. The formula undergoes continuous adjustments as data from large datasets are available. The published clinical results are reported.
The T2 Formula
Authors: Sheard Richard , Smith Guy , Cooke David L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe authors examined each of the steps of the SRK/T formula algorithm for non-physiological behaviour by varying the input variables and plotting a graph of the output value. They identified a non-physiological behaviour in the calculation of corrected axial length and a non-physiological behaviour in the calculation of corneal height. The SRK/T cusp arises from the equations employed to predict the corneal height. Elimination of the cusp, therefore, requires a new method for corneal height calculation. One solution is to use a regression formula derived from real data, and if a linear regression model is employed the resulting formula will be free of non-physiological anomalies. The development of the T2 formula achieved its goal of eliminating the SRK/T cusp and, in consequence, delivered a statistically and clinically significant performance improvement in what was, at the time, the largest independent study to examine the performance of the SRK/T formula.
IOL Power Choice in Children
Authors: McClatchey Scott K. , McClatchey Thaddeus S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe choice of IOL power for a child should take into consideration the myopic shift that results from ocular growth with age. The goal of cataract surgery in children is twofold: optimal management of vision in childhood and emmetropia in adult life. The former requires spectacles to manage the changing refractive error in the growing eye, as well as often-intensive treatment for amblyopia. The latter requires a combination of careful choice of the initial postoperative refraction based on age, with a goal of achieving an adult refractive error that can be easily managed with spectacles or contact lenses. Ideally, a child should have a small amount of initial hypermetropia. The growth of the eye follows a logarithmic curve with age. The eye grows as the child grows: rapidly at first, then slowing down over time. This growth induces a myopic shift.
Fellow Eye Calculation
Authors: Olsen Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen we see a refractive prediction error of the first eye, we may ask the question of how to use that information to improve the prediction for the second eye. Having ruled out any misreadings, recording errors, IOL constant, IOL power label error, or other obvious mistakes, we still see that the prediction error in the first eye correlates with that of the second eye. Based on correlation analysis, it is possible to empirically adjust for the error and improve the second eye prediction, irrespective of the formula used. The refraction error can be translated to the IOL power of the second eye. Another option is to use the IOL position of the first eye in a ray-tracing thick lens model of the second eye.
Clinical Refraction
Authors: Srivannaboon Sabong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPostoperative refraction is important in any evaluation of the accuracy of IOL power formulas or biometry instruments as well as for optimizing personalized lens constants. The subject of clinical refraction is covered in detail including eyes with various types of IOLs such as monofocal, bifocal trifocal, multifocal, and EdoF modalities. A description of the defocus curves for these lenses is demonstrated.
Ultrasound Biometry
Authors: Shammas Maya C. , John Shammas H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA-scan echography is used to measure the eye’s axial length. During A-scan biometry, the ultrasound beam must stay perpendicular to the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces, the anterior and posterior lens surfaces, and the retinal surface, forming an incidence angle of 90° with each of these surfaces. The immersion technique is preferred over the contact technique. Axial length measurements obtained with the contact technique were shorter than those obtained with the immersion technique by an average of 0.24 mm, mainly due to corneal compression. The A-scan patterns of the phakic, aphakic, and pseudophakic eye are described, along other challenging eyes such as the eyes with silicone-filled vitreous.
Algebraic ER=EPR and complexity transfer
Authors: Engelhardt Netta , Liu Hong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We propose an algebraic definition of ER=EPR in the GN → 0 limit, which associates bulk spacetime connectivity/disconnectivity to the operator algebraic structure of a quantum gravity system. The new formulation not only includes information on the amount of entanglement, but also more importantly the structure of entanglement. We give an independent definition of a quantum wormhole as part of the proposal. This algebraic version of ER=EPR sheds light on a recent puzzle regarding spacetime disconnectivity in holographic systems with $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1/GN) entanglement. We discuss the emergence of quantum connectivity in the context of black hole evaporation and further argue that at the Page time, the black hole-radiation system undergoes a transition involving the transfer of an emergent type III1 subalgebra of high complexity operators from the black hole to radiation. We argue this is a general phenomenon that occurs whenever there is an exchange of dominance between two competing quantum extremal surfaces.