bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two of three patients with multiple chemical sensitivity had less symptoms and secondary hyperalgesia after transcranially applied pulsed electromagnetic fields
Authors: Tran Marie Thi Dao , Skovbjerg Sine , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Bech Per , Lunde Marianne , Elberling Jesper 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic, disabling condition characterized by recurrent multisystem symptoms triggered by common airborne chemicals. Evidence points towards abnormal sensory processing in the central nervous system (CNS) as a likely pathophysiological mechanism. No effective treatment has yet been reported, but clinical observations suggest that as pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) is a treatment for some CNS disorders (depression and chronic pain), it may also be a treatment modality for MCS.

Methods
In an open case study, the effects of PEMF were assessed in three MCS patients. All cases received 30 min daily treatment 5 days a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Symptoms and functional impairments related to MCS, depressive symptoms, and capsaicin-induced secondary punctate hyperalgesia were assessed at baseline and weekly until an 18-week follow-up.

Results
Two of the three cases showed considerable improvement on all measures of symptoms and functional impairments related to MCS in response to PEMF therapy. One case showed no improvement and during the treatment period was unexpectedly diagnosed with depression.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate potential benefits of PEMF therapy in MCS.

Implication
The therapeutic effect of PEMF in MCS needs to be investigated by a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Study of the oral carriage of Candida sp. in dental students and staff—Identification of Candida sp. and background survey
Authors: Majima Toshiro , Ito‐Kuwa Shoko , Nagatomi Ryoichi , Nakamura Kenjirou 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between oral candidal carriage in able‐bodied persons (dental students and staff) and health condition using a epidemiological method with questionnaire, and use the results for an educational campaign for the promotion of health.Methods: The candidal carriage was examined by culture method using swabs from tongue surfaces. The identification of Candida spp. of the culture positive specimens was performed by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. Questionnaire items included age, gender, body mass index, pedometer use, oral conditions, regularity of hospital visits, medication, dental visits, oral care, exercise habits, alcohol habits, and smoking habits.Results: A total 482 participants were surveyed over a period of two years, males: 269 (mean, 36 years); females: 213 (33 years). Oral candidal carriage was 18.3%. Candida albicans accounted for 80.7% of isolated Candida spp. After analysis using a stepwise method, three items (age, smoking habits, and exercise habits) were selected as the variables in the model. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the three model variables were 1.84 (1.10–3.08) for exercise habits, 1.93 (1.00–3.69) for smoking, and 0.96 (0.94–0.98) for age. Logistic regression analysis suggested an association between candidal carriage, exercise habits, and smoking.Conclusions: Because lack of exercise, as well as smoking are well‐known to be detrimental factors to the maintenance of good health, candidal carriers do not appear to be in a condition of good health. In other words, candidal carriage may be a health warning.
Current blockage experiments: force time histories on obstacle arrays in combined steady and oscillatory motion
Authors: Santo H. , Taylor P. H. , Williamson C. H. K. , Choo Y. S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper revisits the problem of forces on obstacle arrays in combined waves and an in-line steady current. The intended application is the design and reassessment of offshore platforms. A series of experiments are performed on planar grids moved in both steady and oscillatory motion through otherwise stationary water. Detailed comparisons are made to a wave-current–structure interaction model recently presented by Taylor, Santo & Choo (Ocean Engng, vol. 57, 2013, pp. 11–24). We present new features of the model and test these against the experimental data. For relatively small current speed (${u}_{c} $) compared with oscillatory velocity amplitude (${u}_{w} $) with phase angle ($\omega t$), the drag force time history on grids with solid area ($A$) and projected frontal area (${A}_{f} $) is well approximated by a summation of the wave drag and the current drag components independently, so there is no ${u}_{w} \times {u}_{c} $ cross-term. The wave drag component is proportional to $\cos \omega t\vert \cos \omega t\vert $, while the current drag component to $\vert \cos \omega t\vert $, i.e. it is phase-locked to the oscillatory wave crests. The form of the predicted time history is new, so much of this paper is occupied in testing the adequacy of this theoretical form both in terms of an improved Morison-type formulation and also in the precise variation of the experimental drag force in time. We show that the measured crest and trough peak values of the drag force are consistent with the force peaks and troughs of the model prediction. The odd frequency harmonics of the measured drag force scale as the square of the oscillatory velocity amplitude $({ u}_{w}^{2} )$ and on the total hydrodynamic area (${C}_{d} A$). The shape of the odd harmonics is very similar to that for a pure oscillatory motion without steady current, but there are also even frequency harmonics associated with the current component. The even harmonics of the force scale as the square of the current speed $({ u}_{c}^{2} )$ and on the ${A}_{f} $, not on the ${C}_{d} A$. All of the above features are identified within the experimental data, and provide considerable support for the new current blockage model.The new model is also shown to fit the entire force time history well for a wide range of individual cases, with different blockage ratio ($A/ {A}_{f} $) and number of grids, requiring only calibration of the Morison-type drag and inertia coefficients. In contrast, the industry-standard form of the Morison equation can only be matched at a single instant of the oscillation cycle, so present practice should be regarded as seriously inadequate for combined steady current and oscillatory flow acting on obstacle arrays.
Bullying in elementary school and psychotic experiences at 18 years: a longitudinal, population-based cohort study
Authors: Wolke D. , Lereya S. T. , Fisher H. L. , Lewis G. , Zammit S. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundVictims of bullying are at risk for psychotic experiences in early adolescence. It is unclear if this elevated risk extends into late adolescence. The aim of this study was to test whether bullying perpetration and victimization in elementary school predict psychotic experiences in late adolescence.MethodThe current study is based on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective community-based study. A total of 4720 subjects with bullying perpetration and victimization were repeatedly assessed between the ages of 8 and 11 years by child and mother reports. Suspected or definite psychotic experiences were assessed with the Psychosis-Like Symptoms semi-structured interview at age 18 years.ResultsControlling for child's gender, intelligence quotient at age 8 years, childhood behavioural and emotional problems, and also depression symptoms and psychotic experiences in early adolescence, victims [child report at 10 years: odds ratio (OR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–3.4; mother report: OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.3], bully/victims (child report at 10 years: OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.7–5.8; mother: OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.7–5.0) and bullies (child report at 10 years: OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.3–17.7; mother: OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.46–3.1, n.s.) had a higher prevalence of psychotic experiences at age 18 years. Path analysis revealed that the association between peer victimization in childhood and psychotic experiences at age 18 years was only partially mediated by psychotic or depression symptoms in early adolescence.ConclusionsInvolvement in bullying, whether as victim, bully/victim or bully, may increase the risk of developing psychotic experiences in adolescence. Health professionals should ask routinely during consultations with children about their bullying of and by peers.
The promise of developmental psychopathology: Past and present
Authors: Sroufe L. Alan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractProgress in the field of developmental psychopathology is appraised in general and with regard to the particular lens of our understanding of the development of disorder. In general, the outpouring of research on various features of disorder and underlying processes could not have even been imagined 25 years ago. The progress is dazzling. At the same time, work on the development of disorders, beginning with antecedent patterns of adaptation, pales in comparison with work on the correlates of disorder. However, progress has been made. It is well established that the brain develops in the context of experience and that organism and environment continually interact over time. Something is now known about pathways leading to certain disorders and what initiates and impels individuals along them. If developmental psychopathology is to completely fulfill its promise of offering new ways of conceptualizing disorder and new guidance for prevention and intervention, much more work on developmental processes and a new way of exploring the development of disorder will be needed. Such a path is suggested.
Epigenetic mechanisms in the development of behavior: Advances, challenges, and future promises of a new field
Authors: Roth Tania L. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn the past decade, there have been exciting advances in the field of behavioral epigenetics that have provided new insights into a biological basis of neural and behavioral effects of gene–environment interactions. It is now understood that changes in the activity of genes established through epigenetic alterations occur as a consequence of exposure to environmental adversity, social stress, and traumatic experiences. DNA methylation in particular has thus emerged as a leading candidate biological pathway linking gene–environment interactions to long-term and even multigenerational trajectories in behavioral development, including the vulnerability and resilience to psychopathology. This paper discusses what we have learned from research using animal models and from studies in which the translation of these findings has been made to humans. Studies concerning the significance of DNA methylation alterations in outcomes associated with stress exposure later in life and dysfunction in the form of neuropsychiatric disorders are highlighted, and several avenues of future research are suggested that promise to advance our understanding of epigenetics both as a mechanism by which the environment can contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders and as an avenue for more effective intervention and treatment strategies.
Stress physiology and developmental psychopathology: Past, present, and future
Authors: Doom Jenalee R. , Gunnar Megan R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractResearch on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis has emerged as a vital area within the field of developmental psychopathology in the past 25 years. Extensive animal research has provided knowledge of the substrates and physiological mechanisms that guide development of stress reactivity and regulation using methods that are not feasible in humans. Recent advances in understanding the anatomy and physiology of the HPA axis in humans and its interactions with other stress-mediating systems, including accurate assessment of salivary cortisol, more sophisticated neuroimaging methods, and a variety of genetic analyses, have led to greater knowledge of how psychological and biological processes impact functioning. A growing body of research on HPA axis regulation and reactivity in relation to psychopathology has drawn increased focus on the prenatal period, infancy, and the pubertal transition as potentially sensitive periods of stress system development in children. Theories such as the allostatic load model have guided research by integrating multiple physiological systems and mechanisms by which stress can affect mental and physical health. However, almost none of the prominent theoretical models in stress physiology are truly developmental, and future work must incorporate how systems interact with the environment across the life span in normal and atypical development. Our theoretical advancement will depend on our ability to integrate biological and psychological models. Researchers are increasingly realizing the importance of communication across disciplinary boundaries in order to understand how experiences influence neurobehavioral development. It is important that knowledge gained over the past 25 years has been translated to prevention and treatment interventions, and we look forward to the dissemination of interventions that promote recovery from adversity.
Opportunities and challenges to the development of healthy children and youth living in diverse communities
Authors: Spencer Margaret Beale , Swanson Dena Phillips 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe field of developmental psychopathology has seen growth in research focusing on interdisciplinarity and normative developmental processes, including context-linked coping and adaptations. However, there continues to be an uncomfortable and unarticulated perspective to view others as having culture and “the self” as representing the standard. A call for explicit cultural considerations in research is needed to augment the impact of these new and other significant conceptual contributions noted. Sociopolitical influences on social contexts relevant to the different trajectories associated with youths' opportunities and challenges are presented. We focus on macrolevel factors that frame contexts in which individual development occurs. A federal and educational policy is used to illustrate how unexamined cultural traditions and patterns embedded in research and policy impact development. These examples provide insight in presenting issues of vulnerability, particularly for youth, and afford opportunities to present advances and challenges paralleled in the developmental psychopathology field.
Delayed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children after cardiac surgery: two-institution experience
Authors: Gupta Punkaj , DasGupta Rahul , Best Derek , Chu Craig B. , Elsalloukh Hassan , Gossett Jeffrey M. , Imamura Michiaki , Butt Warwick 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjective:There are limited data on the outcomes of children receiving delayed (≥7 days) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after cardiac surgery. The primary aim of this project is to identify the aetiology and outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children receiving delayed (≥7 days) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after cardiac surgery.Patients and methods:We conducted a retrospective review of all children ≤18 years supported with delayed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after cardiac surgery between the period January, 2001 and March, 2012 at the Arkansas Children’s Hospital, United States of America, and Royal Children’s Hospital, Australia. The data collected in our study included patient demographic information, diagnoses, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation indication, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support details, medical and surgical history, laboratory, microbiological, and radiographic data, information on organ dysfunction, complications, and patient outcomes. The outcome variables evaluated in this report included: survival to hospital discharge and current survival with emphasis on neurological, renal, pulmonary, and other end-organ function.Results:During the study period, 423 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at two institutions, with a survival of 232 patients (55%). Of these, 371 patients received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation <7 days after cardiac surgery, with a survival of 205 (55%) patients, and 52 patients received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ≥7 days after cardiac surgery, with a survival of 27 (52%) patients. The median duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation run for the study cohort was 5 days (interquartile range: 3, 10). In all, 14 patients (25%) received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during active cardiopulmonary resuscitation with chest compressions. There were 24 patients (44%) who received dialysis while being on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. There were eight patients (15%) who had positive blood cultures and four patients (7%) who had positive urine cultures while being on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. There were nine patients (16%) who had bleeding complications associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation runs. There were 10 patients (18%) who had cerebrovascular thromboembolic events associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation runs. Of these, 19 patients are still alive with significant comorbidities.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that mortality outcomes are comparable among children receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ≥7 days and <7 days after cardiac surgery. The proportion of patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ≥7 days is small and the aetiology diverse.
REAL BUSINESS CYCLES AFTER THREE DECADES
Authors: Altug Sumru , Young Warren 
Published: December 2013

The transcript of a panel discussion marking three decades of the real business cycle approach to macroeconomic analysis as manifested in Kydland and Prescott's “Time to Build” (Econometrica, 1982) and Long and Plosser's “Real Business Cycles” (Journal of Political Economy, 1983). The panel consists of Edward Prescott, Finn Kydland, Charles Plosser, John Long, Thomas Cooley, and Gary Hansen. The discussion is moderated by Sumru Altug and Warren Young. The panel touches on a wide variety of issues related to real business cycle models, including their history and methodology, starting with the work of Prescott and Kydland at Carnegie Tech and Plosser and Long at Rochester; their applications to policy; and their role in the recent financial crisis and likely future.The panel discussion was held in a session sponsored by the History of Economics Society at the Allied Social Sciences Association (ASSA) meetings in the Randle A Room of the Manchester Grand Hyatt Hotel in San Diego, California.
A “Thickness Series”: Weak Signal Extraction of ELNES in EELS Spectra From Surfaces
Authors: Zhu Guo-zhen , Botton Gianluigi A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe report a new simple but effective method to extract the weak surface signals from a “thickness series” of recorded electron energy-loss spectra. Using precise thickness measurements and energy-loss near-edge structures measured at increasing thicknesses, we are able to extract the surface and bulk components in the series. The electronic structure and bonding information from SrTiO3 (001) reconstructed surfaces have been successfully obtained by applying this approach. This approach can be applied to study many other cases including absorbed monolayers and beam-sensitive interfaces.
Distinguishing between yield advances and yield plateaus in historical crop production trends
Authors: Grassini Patricio , Eskridge Kent M. , Cassman Kenneth G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFood security and land required for food production largely depend on rate of yield gain of major cereal crops. Previous projections of food security are often more optimistic than what historical yield trends would support. Many econometric projections of future food production assume compound rates of yield gain, which are not consistent with historical yield trends. Here we provide a framework to characterize past yield trends and show that linear trajectories adequately describe past yield trends, which means the relative rate of gain decreases over time. Furthermore, there is evidence of yield plateaus or abrupt decreases in rate of yield gain, including rice in eastern Asia and wheat in northwest Europe, which account for 31% of total global rice, wheat and maize production. Estimating future food production capacity would benefit from an analysis of past crop yield trends based on a robust statistical analysis framework that evaluates historical yield trajectories and plateaus.
20 Gbit/s data transmission over 2 km multimode fibre using 850 nm mode filter VCSEL
Authors: Safaisini R. , Haglund E. , Westbergh P. , Gustavsson J.S. , Larsson A. 
Published: December 2013

Error‐free data transmission over 1.3 and 2 km multimode fibre at 25 and 20 Gbit/s, respectively, is demonstrated using a high‐speed, single‐mode, 850 nm vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser (VCSEL) with an integrated mode filter. This result represents a bitrate‐distance product of 40 Gbit/s km, a new record for multimode fibre VCSEL‐based interconnects.
Two‐octave tunable liquid‐metal monopole antenna
Authors: Morishita A.M. , Kitamura C.K.Y. , Ohta A.T. , Shiroma W.A. 
Published: December 2013

Liquid metal is used to tune the operational frequency of a monopole antenna by adjusting its length. The centre frequency can be continuously tuned over two octaves, 2.0–9.5 GHz, while maintaining a gain of ∼5.2 dBi.
Meandered TWAs array for near‐field UHF RFID applications
Authors: Michel A. , Caso R. , Buffi A. , Nepa P. , Isola G. 
Published: December 2013

An array of 2 × 2 travelling wave antennas (TWAs) is proposed for near‐field RFID applications in the UHF band (865–928 MHz). Each array element is characterised by a meandered line based on coplanar waveguide technology. All the TWAs end on a matched load, which allows for non‐stationary current and field distributions as well as a low far‐field gain. Thus, strong and uniform fields within a confined volume above the antenna surface have been obtained, with a field maximisation in the antenna central area, where tagged items are supposed to lie on. The meander geometry allows exciting all‐field components, making the tag detection almost independent of tag location and orientation when it lies on the antenna surface. Since TWAs are not resonating structures, the proposed antenna results are scalable, allowing for an easy integration in commercial readers with arbitrary sizes. In particular, a 275 × 135 × 10 mm3 antenna has been designed to fit a particular commercial desktop reader size. Measured tests on the antenna read range were carried out, showing a field distribution maximised in the broadside direction within 10 cm from the antenna surface.
60 GHz grounded‐coplanar‐waveguide‐to‐substrate‐integrated‐waveguide transition for RoF transmitters
Authors: Flammia I. , Khani B. , Arafat S. , Stöhr A. 
Published: December 2013

A novel transition from a grounded‐coplanar waveguide to a substrate integrated‐waveguide (SIW) is presented featuring a fully planar bias tee for the development of 60 GHz radio‐over‐fibre photonic transmitters for indoor applications. The transition is intended to serve as a connection between a 60 GHz photodiode chip and SIW antennas suitable for indoor data distribution. Simulations show that in the whole 57–64 GHz communication band, the return loss (RL) is at least 15 dB, whereas the insertion loss (IL), is < 0.9 dB. Measurements of a back‐to‐back configuration confirm the numerical results, with a IL of ∼2 dB and a RL > 12 dB.