bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecofaunistic Study and Egg Morphology: Egg Laying Behavior of Hydrometra stagnorum (Linnaeus, 1753) (Gerromorpha: Heteroptera) Newly Recorded From the Karabük Province of Western Black Sea (Türkiye)
Authors: Ozdamar Hakan , Kiyak Suat 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study examines the egg-laying behavior and egg morphology of Hydrometra stagnorum (Linnaeus, 1753) (Gerromorpha: Heteroptera) to provide ecofaunistic information about the species. Newly recorded H. stagnorum samples were collected from the Karabük province of Western Black Sea region of Türkiye. Physicochemical parameters of the water were also recorded. The morphology and egg-laying behavior of H. stagnorum eggs were identified using a stereo, light and electron microscopy. Mature eggs were observed to be blackish dark brown in color. The study reveals distinctive characteristics of the egg structure and micropyle areas, which may contribute to the classification of the species at the subfamily level. Additionally, it was found that H. stagnorum inhabits high-quality waters.
Photoionization of hydrogen halides using the r-matrix method
Authors: Mahla Sapna , Antony Bobby 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
In this study, we use the UK Molecular r-matrix (ukrmol) codes in the close-coupling approximation to examine the photoionization of hydrogen halides (hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen bromide). This article reports the total and partial photoionization cross-sections for the $\mathrm{X}^2 \Pi$, $\mathrm{A}^2 \Sigma ^{+}$, and $\mathrm{B}^2 \Sigma ^{+}$ ionic states of these halides. The calculated cross-sections are compared with the available literature, which does not accurately represent the effective cross-sections near the threshold region, which is dominated by the Rydberg series autoionization resonances converging to the $\mathrm{A}^2 \Sigma ^{+}$ ionic state. There seems to have been minimal effort to investigate the Rydberg-bound states of these halides. Meanwhile, the r-matrix approaches have traditionally excelled at characterizing such studies. This indicates the effectiveness of this method for molecular photoionization as well as for understanding the resonant contribution to the photoionization cross-sections. The detailed cross-sections calculated comprise the complex autoionizing resonance structures capable of significantly contributing to the computations of total photoionization rates, which are necessary to maintain a steady state of ionization in astrophysical plasmas. Comparisons with the experimental measurements and the theoretical data generally show reasonable agreement across the reported energy range.
Pain, inconvenience and blame: defining work-related injuries in the veterinary workplace
Authors: Furtado T , Whiting M , Schofield I , Jackson R , Tulloch J S P 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The veterinary workplace carries a high risk of staff accidents and injuries, yet there is scant research exploring it in comparison with other comparable fields, such as human medicine.

Aims
To understand how veterinary professionals define injuries and to understand what injuries they do, or do not, deem reportable.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey comprising demographic questions and open-text questions was shared with veterinary practice staff across the UK. Data were analysed descriptively and using an inductive content analysis.

Results
There were 740 respondents, who were broadly representative of the veterinary profession. There were differences in how injuries were defined; for example, small animal veterinarians expected injuries to involve blood, while equine and production animal veterinarians were more likely to expect injuries to reduce their ability to perform work and require medical treatment. Many suggested that ‘all’ workplace injuries should be reported; however, ‘minor’ injuries were often overlooked, for example, needlestick injuries did not always meet the criteria of being an ‘injury’. Injuries caused by staff themselves (e.g. trips) were less likely to be reported than injuries that could be blamed on an external factor (e.g. dog bite).

Conclusions
Collectively, the data suggest a wide-ranging perception of risk of injury in practice, with some harms seen as ‘everyday norms’. Veterinary practices should interpret their injury statistics with a high degree of caution. They should explore the microcultures within their practices relating to worker perception of risk, injury and barriers to reporting.
Clarifying Mutual Consent’s Role in Agency Law
Authors: Leow Rachel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Important cases and academic commentators have suggested that the mutual consent of principal and agent is necessary for actual authority to be conferred on the agent. The chief purpose of this article is to show that this view of mutual consent’s role in agency law is inaccurate and misleading. Its central claim is that the agent’s consent is not a necessary pre-condition for the conferral of authority. Instead, a principal can confer authority on an agent unilaterally. However, when authority is conferred unilaterally on an agent, the external aspect of agency is fully present, but the internal principal–agent relationship possesses two unique features, one relating to the agent’s duties and the other relating to the agent’s ability to disclaim. The account presented here thus clarifies the proper scope of ‘mutual consent’ justifications in agency. Mutual consent may justify some incidents of agency, but it does not justify them all.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in SEPALLATA 2 underlie fruit length variation in cucurbits
Authors: Song Weiyuan , Xie Yang , Liu Bin , Huang Yuxiang , Cheng Zhihua , Zhao Zilong , Tian Di , Geng Yan , Guo Jingyu , Li Chuang , She Daixi , Zhong Yanting , Li Min , Liu Liu , Chen Jiacai , Sun Chengzhen , Zhang Xuejun , Zhou Zhaoyang , Lai Jinsheng , Xin Ming , Yan Liying , Zhao Jianyu , Zhang Xiaolan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Complete disruption of critical genes is generally accompanied by severe growth and developmental defects, which dramatically hinder its utilization in crop breeding. Identifying subtle changes, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in critical genes that specifically modulate a favorable trait is a prerequisite to fulfill breeding potential. Here, we found 2 SNPs in the E-class floral organ identity gene cucumber (Cucumis sativus) SEPALLATA2 (CsSEP2) that specifically regulate fruit length. Haplotype (HAP) 1 (8G2667A) and HAP2 (8G2667T) exist in natural populations, whereas HAP3 (8A2667T) is induced by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. Phenotypic characterization of 4 near-isogenic lines and a mutant line showed that HAP2 fruits are significantly longer than those of HAP1, and those of HAP3 are 37.8% longer than HAP2 fruit. The increasing fruit length in HAP1-3 was caused by a decreasing inhibitory effect on CRABS CLAW (CsCRC) transcription (a reported positive regulator of fruit length), resulting in enhanced cell expansion. Moreover, a 7638G/A-SNP in melon (Cucumis melo) CmSEP2 modulates fruit length in a natural melon population via the conserved SEP2-CRC module. Our findings provide a strategy for utilizing essential regulators with pleiotropic effects during crop breeding.
Rhizobia cystathionine γ-lyase-derived H2S delays nodule senescence in soybean
Authors: Liu Wuyu , Zhang Weiqin , Cheng Huaping , Ding Yuxin , Yao Baihui , Shangguan Zhouping , Wei Gehong , Chen Juan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is required for optimal establishment of soybean (Glycine max)-Sinorhizobium fredii symbiotic interaction, yet its role in regulating the nitrogen fixation-senescence transition remains poorly understood. A S. fredii cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) mutant deficient in H2S synthesis showed early nodule senescence characterized by reduced nitrogenase activity, structural changes in nodule cells, and accelerated bacteroid death. In parallel, the CSE mutant facilitated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elicited antioxidant responses. We observed that H2S-mediated persulfidation of cysteine C31/C80 in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and C32 in APX2-modulated enzyme activity, thereby participating in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detoxification and delaying nodule senescence. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant upregulation of GmMYB128, an MYB transcription factor (TF), in the CSE mutant nodules. Functional analysis through overexpression and RNAi lines of GmMYB128 demonstrated its role as a positive regulator in nodule senescence. MYB128-OE inoculated with the CSE mutant strain exhibited a reduction in nitrogenase activity and a significant increase in DD15 expression, both of which were mitigated by NaHS addition. Changes at the protein level encompassed the activation of plant defenses alongside turnover in carbohydrates and amino acids. Our results suggest that H2S plays an important role in maintaining efficient symbiosis and preventing premature senescence of soybean nodules.
A Survey of Short-Selling Regulations
Authors: Edwards Amy K , Reed Adam V , Saffi Pedro A C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Given the complex and controversial nature of short-selling regulation, we review the academic literature and provide insights for policy makers and academics. We organize the complex history of short-selling regulation into three areas: trading restrictions, securities lending regulations, and disclosure requirements. We identify, analyze, and discuss 45 distinct regulations promulgated from 1896 to 2021, primarily by reviewing the academic literature and the data sources employed. We provide several insights regarding the effectiveness of regulatory approaches and the wider impact of short-selling regulation on markets. (JEL G2, G12, G14, G15, G34)
Predicting RSO populations using a neighbouring orbits technique
Authors: Cooke Benjamin F , Blake James A , Chote Paul , McCormac James , Pollacco Don 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The determination of the full population of resident space objects (RSOs) in low Earth orbit (LEO) is a key issue in the field of space situational awareness that will only increase in importance in the coming years. We endeavour to describe a novel method of inferring the population of RSOs as a function of orbital height and inclination for a range of magnitudes. The method described uses observations of an orbit of known height and inclination to detect RSOs on neighbouring orbits. These neighbouring orbit targets move slowly relative to our tracked orbit, and are thus detectable down to faint magnitudes. We conduct simulations to show that, by observing multiple passes of a known orbit, we can infer the population of RSOs within a defined region of orbital parameter space. Observing a range of orbits from different orbital sites will allow for the inference of a population of LEO RSOs as a function of their orbital parameters and object magnitude.
Definitions of and instruments for disease activity, remission and relapse in polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic literature review
Authors: Bolhuis Thomas E , Bosch Philipp , Falzon Louise , Owen Claire E , Yates Max , Mackie Sarah L , van der Maas Aatke , Dejaco Christian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
To perform a systematic literature review on definitions and instruments used to measure remission, relapse and disease activity in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), to inform an OMERACT project to endorse instruments for these outcomes.

Methods
A search of Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane and Epistemonikos was performed May 2021 and updated August 2023. Qualitative and quantitative studies published in English were included if they recruited people with isolated PMR regardless of treatment. Study selection and data extraction was performed independently by two investigators and disagreement was resolved through discussion. Data extracted encompassed definitions of disease activity, remission and relapse, and details regarding the instruments used to measure these outcomes.

Results
From the 5718 records, we included 26 articles on disease activity, 36 on remission and 53 on relapse; 64 studies were observational and 15 interventional, and none used qualitative methods. Some heterogeneity was found regarding definitions and instruments encompassing the domains pain, stiffness, fatigue, laboratory markers (mainly acute phase reactants), and patient and physician global assessment of disease activity. However, instruments for clinical signs were often poorly described. Whilst measurement properties of the polymyalgia rheumatica activity score (PMR-AS) have been assessed, data to support its use for measurement of remission and relapse are limited.

Conclusion
Remission, relapse and disease activity have been defined heterogeneously in clinical studies. Instruments to measure these disease states still need to be validated. Qualitative research is needed to better understand the concepts of remission and relapse in PMR.

Review registration
PROSPERO identification: CRD42021255925.
Legal Certainty of Rights and Freedoms in Algeria: Beyond the Constitutionalization
Authors: Ait Aoudia Belkheir Mohamed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The principle of legal certainty serves as a crucial safeguard, preventing rights and freedoms from being lost in a vast, complex, and often unstable legal framework. This study delves into the gap in Algerian law between the constitutional text ensuring the legal certainty of rights and freedoms and the lack of detailed measures to implement this provision. By examining how each certainty requirement of rights legislation is applied within the national legal landscape, the study uncovers significant deficiencies in ensuring citizens’ easy access to legislation encompassing their rights and freedoms. Addressing these challenges necessitates the implementation of various legal and technical measures. Furthermore, ensuring the clarity of these laws demands a systematic review process to rectify any drafting flaws. Legislative stability, closely linked to legality in the Algerian constitution, benefits from relatively reliable guarantees in the field of fundamental rights.
The Impact of High-Potency Synthetic Opioids on Pharmacotherapies for Opioid Use Disorder: A Scoping Review
Authors: Jegede Oluwole , De Aquino Joao P. , Hsaio Connie , Caldwell Ebony , Funaro Melissa C. , Petrakis Ismene , Muvvala Srinivas B. 
Published: August 2024

Background
The clinical implications of high potency synthetic opioids (HPSO) on medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs) are not well understood. Although pharmacological interactions are plausible, the clinical significance of such interaction has not been systematically elucidated. This scoping review investigates the relationship between HPSO exposure and various MOUD treatment outcomes.

Methods
We followed PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) for scoping reviews with extensive a priori search strategy of databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane.

Results
From 9149 studies, 34 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Synthesized data reveal several critical insights: First, there is a variable but high occurrence (38%–80%) of HPSO usage among individuals with MOUDs. Second, MOUDs are linked to a decreased risk of overdoses and deaths associated with HPSO. Third, HPSO consumption is correlated with the risk of precipitated withdrawal when starting buprenorphine. Fourth, low-dose buprenorphine is being recognized as one method to avoid moderate withdrawal symptoms prior to treatment. Lastly, significant gaps exist in human experimental data concerning the effects of HPSO on key factors critical for treating OUD-craving, withdrawal symptoms, and pain.

Conclusions
Current evidence supports MOUD safety and effectiveness in reducing nonmedical opioid use. Further research is needed to explore HPSO’s influence on the acute factors preceding nonmedical opioid use, such as cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and pain. This research could inform the optimization of MOUD dosing strategies. Achieving consensus and harmonizing data across clinical and research protocols could diminish variability, enhancing our understanding of HPSOs effect on MOUD treatment outcomes.
Management of Femoral and Tibial Shaft Fractures in Patients With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Moreno-Diaz Andres Fidel , Morris Cade A. , Obudzinski Sarah , Taylor Patrick R. , Pazik Marissa , Kakalecik Jaquelyn , Talerico Michael , Lins Laura , Kuhn Gabrielle , Whiting Paul , Chen Andrew , Tyler Andrew Farley , Mitchell Phillip M. , Obremskey William T. ,   on behalf of Southeastern Fracture Consortium
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To compare outcomes and complications between nonoperative and operative management of femur and tibia fractures in patients with paraplegia or quadriplegia from chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Three Level-1 Trauma centers.

Patient Selection Criteria:
All adult patients with paraplegia or quadriplegia due to a chronic SCI with operative or nonoperative treatment of a femoral or tibial shaft fracture from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2019 were included.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Outcomes collected included range of motion, pain, return to baseline activity, extent of malunion, and treatment complications (infection, pressure ulcers, nonunion, deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary emobolus, stroke, amputation, death). Comparison between operative and nonoperative treatment were made for each outcome.

RESULTS:
Fifty-nine patients with acute lower extremity fracture in the setting of chronic SCI fulfilled inclusion criteria with a median age of 46 years in the operative group and 47 years in the nonoperative group. Twelve patients (70.6%) in the nonoperative group were male with 32 (76.2%) male patients in the operative group. Forty-six patients (78%) presented as low energy trauma. Differences were seen between operative and nonoperative management for pressure ulcers (19% vs. 52.9%, P = 0.009) and mean Visual Analog Scale pain score at first follow-up (1.19 vs. 3.3, P = 0.03). No difference was seen for rates of infection, nonunion, deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary emobolus, stroke, amputation, death, return to baseline activity, and range of motion.

CONCLUSIONS:
Tibial and femoral shaft fractures commonly resulted from low energy mechanisms in patients with chronic SCI. Operative treatment seemed to decrease morbidity in these patients via lowered rates of pressure ulcers and decreased pain compared with nonoperative management.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The 100 Most-cited Articles in Autologous Breast Reconstruction: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ruccia Francesca , Elmorsi Rami , Dhandapani Karthikeyan , Alzaid Mohammad , Bailón-Valdez Zaira , Tammasse Iin , Khajuria Ankur 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Autologous breast reconstruction has continued to increase in popularity and witnessed significant advancements in aesthetic outcomes, patient satisfaction, and improved quality of life. We performed the first bibliometric analysis focused only on the 100 most-cited autologous breast reconstruction articles to characterize any emerging trends and assess the methodological quality of these studies.

Methods:
The 100 most-cited articles in autologous breast reconstruction were identified on Web of Science, across all available journals and years. Study details, including the citation count, main subject, and outcome measures, were extracted from each article, and the level of evidence was also assessed.

Results:
The 100 most-cited articles in autologous breast reconstruction were cited by a total of 21,194 articles. Citation per article ranged significantly from 112 to 1123 (mean, 211.9). Overall, most of the top-cited articles are case reports/series (n = 32, mean citations = 243.2) and cohort studies (n = 30, mean citations = 211.2). This is closely followed by case-control studies (n = 29, mean citations = 183.6). Only four studies achieved level 1 status, underscoring a lack of high-quality methodological research in the field. Most studies (n = 72) highlighted autologous breast reconstruction outcomes, whereas 12 focused on its indications. There were nine studies exploring surgical techniques, and seven studies addressing the autologous breast reconstruction surgical anatomy.

Conclusions:
Overall, most of the influential articles in autologous breast reconstruction literature are of lower-level evidence. Contemporary research should focus on enhancing the study designs and measure clinical and patient-reported outcomes with validated tools, such as BREAST-Q.
Long-Term Prognosis of Anterior Blepharitis After Topical Antibiotics Treatment
Authors: Sakimoto Tohru , Sugiura Takeshi 
Published: August 2024

Objective:We conducted a retrospective evaluation of the long-term prognosis associated with anterior blepharitis subsequent to topical antibiotic intervention.Methods:Inclusion criteria encompassed 92 eyes of 92 patients who exhibited clinical manifestations of anterior blepharitis and undergone a regimen of topical azithromycin. The follow-up duration extended to a minimum of one year within our medical facility. The diagnostic framework for anterior blepharitis, along with the evaluation of both objective and subjective manifestations, adhered to the Blepharitis Preferred Practice Pattern as promulgated by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Relapse denoted the resurgence of blepharitis symptoms subsequent to the primary treatment, necessitating the instigation of either topical or oral therapeutic measures.Results:Of 92 cases of anterior blepharitis, 48 showed recurrence, with a recurrence rate of 52.2%. During the follow-up period, 2 patients experienced 5 relapses, 2 patients experienced 4 relapses, 5 patients experienced 3 relapses, 13 patients experienced 2 relapses, and 26 patients experienced 1 relapse. When the patients were divided into three groups: multiple recurrence group (22 patients), single recurrence group (26 patients), and no recurrence group (44 patients), there were no significant differences in the blepharitis finding score before and after the initial treatment among three groups. However, significantly fewer patients in the no recurrence group required further treatment after initial treatment, and the percentage of patients with residual blepharitis during follow-up was significantly lower in the no recurrence group.Conclusions:Our data suggest that patients with residual findings after blepharitis treatment are at a risk of recurrence.