bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethics and Ontology in French Hermeneutics
Authors: Fiasse Gaëlle 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Paul Ricœur’s ‘philosophy of detours’ was in dialogue with both the history of philosophy and the most vivid contemporary debates of his time. His plethoric writings are devoted to a great variety of topics: from his early attention to the philosophies of existence and analysis of the will to his Time and Narrative trilogy, ending with his work on translation and his reflection on death (published posthumously), Ricœur developed a philosophy of action rooted in French reflexive philosophy, phenomenology, and hermeneutics. The present chapter examines the role of hermeneutics in Ricœur's philosophy and how much his hermeneutics is grounded in a particular ethics and ontology. The chapter also sheds light on their mutual interweaving and on Ricœur's interpretation of Descartes, Emmanuel Levinas, and Jean-Paul Sartre.
Deconstruction and Forgiveness
Authors: Lawlor Leonard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes Jacques Derrida’s two 1997–1998 courses on perjury and forgiveness in order to understand how he dissociates a notion of unconditionality from one of sovereignty, and thereby transforms his own idea of deconstruction. The essays highlight four ways that Derrida achieves this. The dissociation involves, first, an insight about power, and specifically the power of the impossible, which depends on the experience of the undecidable. Second, there is an insight about intonation; one must say “I forgive” with a certain tone. Third, there is an insight about memory; forgiveness requires a memory that never forgets. And, fourth, there is an insight about guilt; there are so many, unavoidable ways to be guilty when one forgives. These insights provide us with something like steps for achieving the dissociation of unconditionality from sovereignty.
The Non-Philosophy of François Laruelle
Authors: Gangle Rocco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter outlines Laruelle’s project of non-philosophy or non-standard philosophy from the standpoint of the methodological unity that characterizes it across its various phases and diverse fields of application. Laruelle’s non-philosophy determines itself according to a distinctive type of operation made upon philosophical materials. The form of this operation marks the difference between non-philosophy and philosophy, and also determines the unusual relation the former has to the latter: unilateral duality, a type of distinction that exists or is recognized by only one of its distinguished sides or terms. Once clarified, the formal structure of unilateral duality serves as the basis for making sense of two of the fundamental claims Laruelle makes concerning non-philosophy: that it may be understood as a science of philosophy, and that it generalizes philosophy in its own distinctive mode.
Spinoza in Modern French Philosophy
Authors: Peden Knox 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter treats the upsurge of interest in Spinoza’s philosophy in twentieth-century France as a response to broader philosophical developments. It stresses the need felt by philosophers working in different milieus to provide a rationalist alternative to the trajectory offered by phenomenology, in particular in its Heideggerian guise, whose impact in France was enormous. Special attention is given to Louis Althusser, whose Spinozist reading of Marx—often characterized as structuralist—was emblematic of the moment. The chapter also devotes attention to a lesser-known French Spinoza scholar, Alexandre Matheron, and situates his major study of Spinoza’s thought alongside works by Martial Gueroult and Gilles Deleuze that appeared alongside it at the end of the 1960s.
Hegel in Modern French Philosophy
Authors: Bellantone Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The confrontation with Hegel structures and constitutes French thought. This chapter offers an overview of this confrontation starting from a pivotal question: that of a metaphysics of difference. The chapter shows that the post-Bergsonian circulation of Hegel’s thought, through a series of transplants and disseminations, follows different paths than it did in the previous century, which had given rise to a structurally anti-Hegelian metaphysical tradition. It also shows how the new interest in Hegel at the turn of the twentieth century moves beyond epistemological and logical to existential themes, and how it was nevertheless marked by reservations—already in the work of Wahl, Koyré, and Kojève—about the capacity of dialectics to fulfil its promise as a conceptualization of difference. These concerns gave rise, the chapter shows, to later French philosophical criticism of the totalizing claims of Hegelian thought.
Transcendence and Immanence in Modern French Philosophy
Authors: Bove Laurent 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter traces a reversal in French philosophy from an advocation of the transcendent sovereignty of consciousness in spiritualism to the materialist affirmation of immanence. It begins with the nineteenth-century ‘querelle du panthéisme’ and the double interpretation of Descartes as the philosopher of transcendent consciousness and the founder of a rationalism that culminates in Spinozist immanence. Opposite Descartes stands Pascal—and within French philosophy there stands a tradition of Pascalians of immanence, those who make sense of worldly existence on a horizontal plane that escapes divine jurisdiction. A positive account of immanence can be located both in this tradition—to which Camus and Comte-Sponville belong—but also in the reception history of Hegel in France. Via Kojève and Sartre, Hegelianism is read through the lens of immanent existence.
Literature and Modern French Philosophy
Authors: Kaufman Eleanor 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Literature and literariness play a fundamental role in French philosophy, so much so that demarcating the intersection of philosophy and literature in modern French thought is a somewhat impossible task. This chapter attempts, instead, to organize this intersection of philosophy and literature according to the degree to which both are articulated and enacted as distinct from each other. Beginning with the mode whereby fiction and philosophy are pointedly indistinguishable, it takes up a range of fictional works that might be considered philosophical as such. The third mode will be the decidedly French concept of the roman à thèse, in which a work of fiction is ostensibly intended to serve as a mouthpiece for a philosophical position; however, in the most interesting instances, these literary “case histories” actually advance or prove innovative for the philosophical domain in question. Finally, there is the case of established philosophers who consider literary works not so much for their literary qualities but for their philosophical import.
Structure in Modern French Philosophy
Authors: Maniglier Patrice 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
There was a time when creative philosophy in France bypassed the question of how to define the notion of structure and what it was worth. Structuralism was at the heart of the ‘philosophical moment of the Sixties’. It is said to have been dismissed after 1968 by post-structuralism, which then itself fell out of fashion, before all those ‘-isms’ seemed childish and vanished. The chapter argues that the notion of structuralism can nonetheless be useful to understand French philosophy in the 1960s and 70s (e.g. Althusser, Foucault, Derrida, Deleuze, Lyotard), but only if it is entirely reconceived. The chapter examines four among the main misunderstandings that plagued structuralism (that it was a form of scientism, of linguistic constructivism, of holism, of Eleaticism) and shows on what grounds methodological reforms in the social sciences did impact upon philosophical constructions and still matter if we are to understand those works today.
Charles Renouvier on the Necessary Conditions of the Scientific Mind
Authors: Dunham Jeremy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Charles Renouvier (1815–1903) developed one of the most influential and ambitious philosophical systems of the nineteenth century. In this chapter, the author focuses on Renouvier’s attempt to develop a new kind of rational psychology. Renouvier argues that existing forms of psychology (empirical and a priori) have resulted in a picture of the human mind that is lacking in explanatory power. Renouvier’s psychology turns to Kant’s practical postulates and shows their important explanatory potential in the theoretical domain. By doing so, Renouvier develops a new philosophical foundation that has profound consequences for epistemology, metaphysics, and the philosophy of science.
French in Europe
Authors: Racine Isabelle 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter aims to provide an overview of the European regions or countries, outside France, where French has the status of official language: Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Romandy in Switzerland, the Aosta Valley in Italy, and Luxembourg. They all have in common the fact that they are multilingual and share territorial borders with eastern France. For historical reasons, the development of French cannot be considered independently in these four regions/countries and in France, even though they now belong to five countries with different language policies. Because the role and the situation of French in the multilingual landscapes of the four countries/regions are quite different, the chapter considers them separately and, for each of them, it first presents the demo-linguistic and historical context, before describing the actual situation of French and its linguistic and sociolinguistic aspects.
Spoken French
Authors: Carruthers Janice 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the transformation in research on spoken French that has taken place over the last fifty years. After an overview of the evolution of theoretical, methodological, and analytical tools (including the development and exploitation of digitized annotated corpora), the chapter discusses the nature and range of the research that has yielded new insights into our understanding of spoken French, including work on the morphology, syntax, phonology, lexis, sociolinguistics, and pragmatics of the spoken language. Two case studies (on dislocation and tense switching involving the narrative present) demonstrate the impact of new theories and methods on the way in which we approach particular phenomena and on our understanding of how spoken French operates, including a discussion of problematic and/or challenging issues. The chapter concludes by pointing to potential areas for future research.
French and the Media
Authors: Burger Marcel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers three dimensions of journalistic practices in the French-speaking media: language in the media, the language of the media, and the language awareness of journalists at work. Using a multimodal and multidisciplinary perspective, it addresses topical examples from talk radio, broadcast talk, and social media platforms. Results show how the newsworthiness constraints influence linguistic choices and the interplay between linguistic and visual codes in media reports. Furthermore, an extensive newsroom ethnographic study conducted in the public service media in Switzerland provides insights into the construction of news from the perspective of journalists. Thus, approaching the news media as a genre of its own allows us to characterize linguistic practices that are specific to Francophone news products.
Historical Semantics and Pragmatics
Authors: Lehmann Sabine 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the methods—from structural semantic approaches, with psychological or social inspiration, to cognitive approaches—that have been used to account for semantic change. Until recently, Ullmann’s theory was most instrumental within diachronic semantics. The emergence of the field of cognitive linguistics revived psychological questions and highlighted the importance of taking associations into account in order to understand human language. Different approaches are illustrated by concrete examples, with emphasis on the motivations for linguistic innovation. As this chapter makes clear, pragmatics must be considered in the study of language change. Historical pragmatics is mainly interested in two closely related topics: first, orality, enunciation, and polyphony, and second, pragmatic markers. Reflections on the semantic-pragmatic evolution of discourse markers and the staging of reported speech will serve to illustrate the importance of considering the pragmatic dimension of language.
Relaxed realism and normative belief: A functionalist account
Authors: Karimi Paiman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
I offer an account of normative belief designed specifically for relaxed realists. This proposal not only gives relaxed realists an explicitly robust account of normative belief but also distinguishes their theory from related theories, notably quasi-realist ones. In doing so, it addresses a dilemma raised in the literature against relaxed realist theories.
The power of the people: labor unions and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Heitz Amanda , Wang Youan , Wang Zigan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Many policymakers and practitioners argue that corporations may become more stakeholder focused if employees are given more power. We study the causal impact of unionization on stakeholders by analyzing how close labor union elections affect environmental and social (E&S) scores. We find that unionization is associated with an increase in internal social scores that primarily benefit employees and a decrease in external E&S scores that primarily benefit non-employees. The negative effects on external E&S are amplified when firms have greater financial constraints. The effects on both internal and external E&S are magnified when labor unions have more bargaining power. Our results suggest that policymakers consider implications for all stakeholders before implementing policies that prioritize the corporate influence of one stakeholder group.
Revision of Swiss international inheritance law
Authors: Weiss Kinga M , Müller-Zhang Michael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Swiss Parliament amended the Federal Council’s draft of Chapter 6 of the Private International Law Act regarding cross-border successions and adopted it on 22 December 2023. As no referendum was held within the 100-day referendum period (e.g. 18 April 2024), the new law will enter into force on 1 January 2025. The revision aims to modernise Switzerland’s international inheritance law and adapt it, at least partially, to the rules of the European Succession Regulation (“EUSuccReg” or “Brussels IV”) through improved coordination of states’ competencies to adjudicate cross-border estate matters.
PagKNAT2/6b regulates tension wood formation and gravitropism by targeting cytokinin metabolism
Authors: Hu Mengxuan , Zhao Shutang , Zhao Yanqiu , Lu Mengzhu , Song Xueqin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Tension wood is a specialized xylem tissue associated with gravitropism in angiosperm trees. However, few regulators of tension wood formation have been identified. The molecular mechanisms underpinning tension wood formation remain elusive. Here, we report that a Populus KNOTTED-like homeobox gene, PagKNAT2/6b, is involved in tension wood formation and gravity response. Transgenic poplar plants overexpressing PagKNAT2/6b displayed more sensitive gravitropism than controls, as indicated by increased stem curvature. Microscopic examination revealed greater abundance of fibre cells with a gelatinous cell wall layer (G-layer) and asymmetric growth of secondary xylem in PagKNAT2/6b overexpression lines. Conversely, PagKNAT2/6b dominant repression plants exhibited decreased tension wood formation and reduced response to gravity stimulation. Moreover, sensitivity to gravity stimulation showed a negative relationship with development stage. Expression of genes related to growth and senescence was affected in PagKNAT2/6b transgenic plants. More importantly, transcription activation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggested that PagKNAT2/6b promotes the expression of cytokinin metabolism genes. Consistently, cytokinin content was increased in PagKNAT2/6b overexpression plants. Therefore, PagKNAT2/6b is involved in gravitropism and tension wood formation, likely via modulation of cytokinin metabolism.
Loss of bmp15 function in the seasonal spawner Atlantic salmon results in ovulatory failure
Authors: Crespo Diego , Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Hansen Tom J. , Kjærner‐Semb Erik , Skaftnesmo Kai Ove , Thorsen Anders , Norberg Birgitta , Edvardsen Rolf B. , Andersson Eva , Schulz Rüdiger W. , Wargelius Anna , Kleppe Lene 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is an oocyte‐specific growth factor important for successful female reproduction in mammals. While mutations in BMP15/Bmp15 cause ovulatory deficiency and/or infertility in certain mammalian species, loss of bmp15 in zebrafish, a continuous spawner and the only bmp15 knockout model in fish to date, results in complete arrest of follicle development and later female‐to‐male sex reversal, preventing to examine effects on ovulation/fertilization. Here, we used Atlantic salmon, a seasonal spawner, and generated bmp15 mutants to investigate ovarian development and fertility. Histological and morphometric analyses revealed that in biallelic frameshift (bmp15 fs/fs) mutant ovaries, folliculogenesis started earlier, resulting in an advanced development compared to wild‐type (WT) controls, accompanied by a weaker expression of the (early) oocyte‐specific factor figla. This precocious ovarian development was followed in bmp15 fs/fs females by enhanced follicle atresia during vitellogenic stages. Although genes involved in steroid synthesis and signaling (star, cyp11b, cyp17a1 and esr1) were dramatically higher in late vitellogenic bmp15 fs/fs mutant ovaries, estradiol‐17β plasma levels were lower than in WT counterparts, potentially reflecting compensatory changes at the level of ovarian gene expression. At spawning, bmp15 fs/fs females displayed lower gonado‐somatic index values and reduced oocyte diameter, and the majority (71.4%), showed mature non‐ovulating ovaries with a high degree of atresia. The remaining (28.6%) females spawned eggs but they either could not be fertilized or, upon fertilization, showed severe malformations and embryonic mortality. Our results show that Bmp15 is required for proper follicle recruitment and growth and later ovulatory success in Atlantic salmon, providing an alternative candidate target to induce sterility in farmed salmon. Moreover, since loss of bmp15 in salmon, in contrast to zebrafish, does not result in female‐to‐male sex change, this is the first mutant model in fish allowing further investigations on Bmp15‐mediated functions in the ovulatory period.
Loss of Calpain 3 dysregulates store‐operated calcium entry and its exercise response in mice
Authors: Villani Katelyn R. , Zhong Renjia , Henley‐Beasley C. Spencer , Rastelli Giorgia , Harris Erin , Boncompagni Simona , Barton Elisabeth R. , Wei‐LaPierre Lan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLimb‐Girdle Muscular Dystrophy R1/2A (LGMD R1/2A) is caused by mutations in the CAPN3 gene encoding Calpain 3, a skeletal‐muscle specific, Ca2+‐dependent protease. Localization of Calpain 3 within the triad suggests it contributes to Ca2+ homeostasis. Through live‐cell Ca2+ measurements, muscle mechanics, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy (EM) in Capn3 deficient (C3KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice, we determined whether loss of Calpain 3 altered Store‐Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) activity. Direct Ca2+ influx measurements revealed loss of Capn3 elicits elevated resting SOCE and increased resting cytosolic Ca2+, supported by high incidence of calcium entry units (CEUs) observed by EM. C3KO and WT mice were subjected to a single bout of treadmill running to elicit SOCE. Within 1HR post‐treadmill running, C3KO mice exhibited diminished force production in extensor digitorum longus muscles and a greater decay of Ca2+ transients in flexor digitorum brevis muscle fibers during repetitive stimulation. Striking evidence for impaired exercise‐induced SOCE activation in C3KO mice included poor colocalization of key SOCE proteins, stromal‐interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) and ORAI1, combined with disappearance of CEUs in C3KO muscles. These results demonstrate that Calpain 3 is a key regulator of SOCE in skeletal muscle and identify SOCE dysregulation as a contributing factor to LGMD R1/2A pathology.
Heterogeneity in the Definitions of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis and Failure in Spinal Deformity Literature
Authors: Akosman Izzet , Hirase Takashi , Chow Jarred Lihan , Subramanian Tejas , Uzzo Robert , Jones Charlotte Henry , Persaud Steven Govinda , Demopoulos Bryce , Tuma Olivia , Cunningham Matthew , Kim Han Jo , Lovecchio Francis 
Published: July 2024

Study Design.
Systematic review.

Objective.
To describe the various definitions of PJK and PJF used in spinal deformity literature and their utility over time.

Summary of Background Data.
Proximal junctional kyphosis or failure (PJK/PJF) is among the most common complication after long-segment fusions, but there is no consensus on their definitions. This presents challenges in understanding risk factors, management, and prevention strategies.

Methods.
A systematic literature review was performed on studies specifying a definition of PJK and/or PJF. PJK definitions were categorized as radiographic vs non-radiographic and data was collected on PJK criteria including threshold for proximal junctional angle (PJA), change in PJA, vertebra selection for PJA measurement, and follow-up timepoints. PJF definitions were categorized as structural failure, need for revision, symptomatic failure, and radiographic (angular).

Results.
359 studies defining PJK and/or PJF were identified. While 56% of studies used the definition PJA>10° and PJA change from baseline>10°, the remainder expressed significant heterogeneity with respect to criteria for magnitude of PJA and degree of PJA change. The most common vertebrae assessed were UIV/UIV+2 (74%) and most common minimum follow-up (mFU) listed was 2 years (60%). Mean FUs for studies varied considerably even in studies with the same mFU, from 2.1-8.9 years (2-year mFU) and 1.1-4.0 years (1-year mFU). PJF definitions were most commonly structural (58%) or defined as a need for revision (48%), with a much less common use of PJA thresholds (23%).

Conclusions.
The challenges faced in preventing proximal junctional complications are mired in the heterogenous groundwork by which PJK and PJF are defined. Most definitions of PJK use radiographic thresholds without consideration of clinical relevance and variations in individual alignment. Conversely, definitions of PJF are based on clinical criteria, which are often subjective. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms of PJK/PJF, as only then will we be able to accurately define and prevent these complications.