bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemiarthroplasty performed under transversus abdominis plane block in a patient with severe cardiorespiratory disease
Authors: Stuart‐Smith K. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThis report describes the use of a transversus abdominis plane block as the main anaesthetic technique for the performance of a hemiarthroplasty in a patient with severe cardiac and respiratory dysfunction, for whom both general and spinal anaesthesia carried considerable risks. The block was performed in the triangle of Petit posterior to the mid‐axillary line, using a landmark technique. A combination of lidocaine 1% (20 ml) and bupivacaine 0.5% (20 ml) was administered. A low‐dose propofol infusion was used intra‐operatively to relieve anxiety, although the patient breathed spontaneously throughout the procedure and responded to voice commands. The surgery was completed successfully without the need for further analgesia. The patient was alert and comfortable in recovery. First opioid administration was 12 h after surgery. The patient was subsequently discharged to a nursing home, where he succumbed to his primary respiratory disease six months later.
Comparison of Ranibizumab monotherapy versus combination of Ranibizumab with photodynamic therapy with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Krebs Ilse , Vécsei Marlovits Veronika , Bodenstorfer Johannes , Glittenberg Carl , Ansari Shahrezaei Siamak , Ristl Robin , Binder Susanne 
Published: December 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  Modern therapy of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration consists in intravitreal injections of inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor. An increasing number of these injections is required not only in monthly but also in as‐needed treatment regimen. In this study, it should be examined whether an additional administered photodynamic therapy (PDT) can considerably reduce the number of injection.Methods:  In this prospective, randomized study carried out in three large hospitals of Vienna eyes with neovascular age‐related macula degeneration were included. Patients were randomized to either Ranibizumab monotherapy or combined standard fluence PDT and Ranibizumab therapy. All patients received a loading dose of three intravitreal Ranibizumab injections and were thereafter treated in an as‐needed regimen based on distance acuity and retinal thickness values. In the combined treatment group, PDT was administered 1 day after the first Ranibizumab injection.Results:  Fifty‐one patients were randomized, 44 were finally included (four screening failures and three withdrawals). Twenty‐four patients were assigned to the monotherapy and 20 patients to the combined treatment group. Fewer injections were required in the combined treatment group (4.7 versus 6.3). Overall the patients lost 0.5 letters; in the combined treatment group, the patients lost mean 7.1 letters; in the monotherapy group, they gained mean 5.1 letters. Retinal thickness decreased significantly in both groups.Conclusion:  A significant reduction of the number of required intravitreal injections could be achieved by the additional PDT treatment, but was accompanied by a worse functional outcome in this group.
Effects of meat species on the postprandial thermic effect in rats
Authors: Wakamatsu Jun‐ichi , Fujii Ryoji , Yamaguchi Kimikazu , Miyoshi Syouhei , Nishimura Takanori , Hattori Akihito 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe examined animal species differences in the postprandial thermic effect of meat and investigated the postprandial thermic effect of mutton in rats. After intake of experimental diets containing each meat, body temperatures of rats fed mutton or venison were significantly higher than that of rats fed rabbit meat. After intake of experimental diets containing fractionized mutton, the body temperatures of rats fed diets containing lean mutton protein were higher than those of rats fed diets without lean mutton protein. In a two‐dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis study of brown adipose tissue, it was shown that the intake of mutton up‐regulated the expression of many signaling molecules that are involved in energy metabolism. The postprandial thermic effect of mutton seems to be due not to catecholamine and adrenocorticotropic hormone but to thyroid hormones. The results suggest that intake of lean mutton protein stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones and facilitates energy metabolism in rats.
Satellite cells produce neural chemorepellent semaphorin 3A upon muscle injury
Authors: SATO Yusuke , DO Mai‐Khoi Q. , SUZUKI Takahiro , OHTSUBO Hideaki , MIZUNOYA Wataru , NAKAMURA Mako , FURUSE Mitsuhiro , IKEUCHI Yoshihide , TATSUMI Ryuichi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRegenerative mechanisms that regulate intramuscular motor innervation. including configuration of the neuromuscular connections are thought to reside in the spatiotemporal expression of axon‐guidance molecules. Our previous studies proposed a heretofore unexplored role of satellite cells as a key source of a secreted neural chemorepellent semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) expression. In order to verify this concept, there is still a critical need to provide direct evidence to show the up‐regulation of Sema3A protein in satellite cells in vivo upon muscle injury. The present study employed a Sema3A/MyoD double‐immunohistochemical staining for cryo‐sections prepared from cardiotoxin injected gastrocnemius muscle of adult mouse lower hind‐limb. Results clearly demonstrated that Sema3A expression was up‐regulated in myogenic differentiation‐positive satellite cells at 4–12 days post‐injury period, the time that corresponds to the cell differentiation phase characterized by increasing myogenin messenger RNA expression. This direct proof encourages a possible implication of satellite cells in the spatiotemporal regulation of extracellular Sema3A concentrations, which potentially ensures coordinating a delay in neurite sprouting and re‐attachment of motoneuron terminals onto damaged muscle fibers early in muscle regeneration in synchrony with recovery of muscle‐fiber integrity.
Thiopurine methyltransferase genotype–phenotype discordance and thiopurine active metabolite formation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Lennard Lynne , Cartwright Cher Suzanne , Wade Rachel , Richards Susan M. , Vora Ajay 
Published: December 2012

AimsIn children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) bone marrow activity can influence red blood cell (RBC) kinetics, the surrogate tissue for thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) measurements. The aim of this study was to investigate TPMT phenotype–genotype concordance in ALL, and the influence of TPMT on thiopurine metabolite formation.MethodsWe measured TPMT (activity, as units ml−1 packed RBCs and genotype) at diagnosis (n = 1150) and TPMT and thioguanine nucleotide (TGN) and methylmercaptopurine nucleotide (MeMPN) metabolites (pmol/8 × 108 RBCs) during chemotherapy (n = 1131) in children randomized to thioguanine or mercaptopurine on the United Kingdom trial ALL97.ResultsMedian TPMT activity at diagnosis (8.5 units) was significantly lower than during chemotherapy (13.8 units, median difference 5.1 units, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.8, 5.4, P < 0.0001). At diagnosis genotype–phenotype was discordant. During chemotherapy the overall concordance was 92%, but this fell to 55% in the intermediate activity cohort (45% had wild‐type genotypes). For both thiopurines TGN concentrations differed by TPMT status. For mercaptopurine, median TGNs were higher in TPMT heterozygous genotype (754 pmol) than wild‐type (360 pmol) patients (median difference 406 pmol, 95% CI 332, 478, P < 0.0001), whilst median MeMPNs, products of the TPMT reaction, were higher in wild‐type (10 650 pmol) than heterozygous patients (3868 pmol) (P < 0.0001). In TPMT intermediate activity patients with a wild‐type genotype, TGN (median 366 pmol) and MeMPN (median 8590 pmol) concentrations were similar to those in wild‐type, high activity patients.ConclusionsIn childhood ALL, TPMT activity should not be used to predict heterozygosity particularly in blood samples obtained at disease diagnosis. Genotype is a better predictor of TGN accumulation during chemotherapy.
Development and validation of the supervisory relationship measure: A self‐report questionnaire for use with supervisors
Authors: Pearce Nathalie , Beinart Helen , Clohessy Sue , Cooper Myra 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo develop a valid and reliable measure of the supervisory relationship (SR) from the perspective of the supervisor.DesignA cross‐sectional self‐report questionnaire design was used with a repeated component for a subsample.MethodQualitative data from a previous study of the SR (collected by interviews with supervisors) were used to construct an 89‐item self‐report questionnaire measure (Supervisory Relationship Measure [SRM]). This was administered to 267 clinical psychology supervisors involved in supervising UK trainee clinical psychologists. One hundred and thirty‐four participants completed the measure a second time to establish its test–retest reliability.ResultsPrincipal components analysis was used. Five factors were identified and labelled ‘safe base’, ‘supervisor commitment’, ‘trainee contribution’, ‘external influences’, and ‘supervisor investment’. Fifty‐one items (comprising five subscales based on the factors identified) were selected for the final measure. Analyses revealed the SRM to have good internal consistency, good test–retest reliability, and good construct (convergent and divergent) validity. A preliminary test of predictive (statistical) validity (supervisor satisfaction with the relationship and trainee competence as perceived by the supervisor) yielded promising results.ConclusionThe SRM is a valid and reliable measure of the SR from the supervisor perspective. It predicts supervisor satisfaction and preliminary evidence suggests that it may also predict trainee competence (as perceived by the supervisor). The findings are consistent with current theory on the SR. The SRM is, therefore, a promising tool for use in research, clinical, and training settings.Practitioner points

The supervisory relationship measure (SRM) is a new psychometrically sound measure of the supervisory relationship (SR) with clinical and research uses.
Clinically, it is a useful and structured way for supervisors to provide constructive feedback to their trainees.
It can be used in conjunction with the Supervisory Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ) (completed by the supervisee) to support a dyadic discussion about clinical supervision.
Currently the measure is only validated on Clinical Psychology trainees and should be used with caution with qualified staff and other professional groups.
Participants were predominantly white British supervisors who chose to take part in an internet‐based study and thus the sample may not be fully representative of the population.
Prediction and prevention of thromboembolic events with enoxaparin in cancer patients with elevated tissue factor‐bearing microparticles: a randomized‐controlled phase II trial (the Microtec study)
Authors: Zwicker Jeffrey I. , Liebman Howard A. , Bauer Kenneth A. , Caughey Thomas , Campigotto Federico , Rosovsky Rachel , Mantha Simon , Kessler Craig M. , Eneman Jonathan , Raghavan Vidya , Lenz Heinz‐Joseph , Bullock Andrea , Buchbinder Elizabeth , Neuberg Donna , Furie Bruce 
Published: December 2012

SummaryElevated levels of circulating tissue factor‐bearing microparticles (TFMP) have been associated with an increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients. We performed a randomized phase II study to evaluate the cumulative incidence of VTE in advanced cancer patients with lower levels of TFMP not receiving thromboprophylaxis and those with higher levels of circulating TFMP randomized to enoxaparin or observation. The cumulative incidence of VTE at 2 months in the higher TFMP group randomized to enoxaparin (N = 23) was 5·6% while the higher TFMP group observation arm (N = 11) was 27·3% (Gray test P = 0·06). The cumulative incidence of VTE in the low TFMP was 7·2% (N = 32). No major haemorrhages were observed in the enoxaparin arm. The median survival for patients with higher levels of TFMP followed by observation was 11·8 months compared with 17·8 months on enoxaparin (P = 0·58). In a prospective randomized trial, increased numbers of circulating TFMP detected by impedance flow cytometry identified cancer patients with a high incidence of VTE. Enoxaparin demonstrated a clear trend towards reducing the rate of VTE in patients with elevated levels of TFMP, with an overall rate of VTE similar in magnitude to the lower TFMP group.
Detection of BCR‐ABL1 mutations in chronic myeloid leukaemia by massive parallel sequencing
Authors: Eyal Eran , Tohami Tali , Amir Amnon , Cesarkas Karen , Jacob‐Hirsch Jasmine , Volchek Yuliya , Nagler Arnon , Rechavi Gideon , Amariglio Ninette 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe ability to sequence nucleic acids at an unprecedented pace and decreased costs using massive parallel sequencing (MPS) strongly affects biomedical research. Here we applied MPS for the detection of rare, clinically relevant mutations in a chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patient. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors revolutionized CML therapy but in some patients the disease progresses due to resistance‐conferring mutations. MPS was applied herein to monitor such mutations in BCR‐ABL1 transcripts at different time points. The large volume of sequencing data increases sensitivity compared to direct sequencing and allows detection of marginally represented and previously uncharacterized mutations. We detected changes in the frequency of mutated clones including the emergence and disappearance of the resistance‐associated ABL1 T315I mutation. We also observed correlation in appearance of adjacent mutations, and exploited this observation to demonstrate the existence of mutated clones at the time of diagnosis. A tool is provided for detection of low frequency single nucleotide variants/mutations from deep coverage MPS data, applicable to clinical translation of advanced sequencing technologies.
Lymph node enlargement and risk of haematological and solid cancer
Authors: Frederiksen Henrik , Sværke Claus , Thomsen Reimar W. , Farkas Dóra K. , Pedersen Lars , Weiss Noel S. , Sørensen Henrik T. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryEnlarged lymph nodes may be a marker of occult cancer, but accurate data on cancer risk are limited. We used population‐based Danish medical registries to assess cancer risk in a cohort of patients with a first‐time inpatient or outpatient hospital contact for enlarged lymph nodes during 1994–2008. Observed cancer incidences were compared with that expected in the general population. We observed 1750 cancers among 11 284 patients with enlarged lymph nodes during median follow up of 4·7 years. Only 389 cases were expected. Cancer risk was 11·5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 10·9–12·1%] during the first year of follow up, corresponding to an age‐ and sex‐standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 21·1 (95% CI: 20·0–22·3). One‐year SIRs were more than 100 times increased for head and neck cancer and lymphomas. Beyond one year of follow up, overall cancer risk remained 1·4‐fold (95% CI: 1·3–1·5‐fold) higher than expected, while risk of lymphoma remained six to 10 times higher. Cancer risk was also elevated among patients with other conditions known to be associated with enlarged lymph nodes, such as infections and rheumatic disorders. We conclude that enlarged lymph nodes are a marker of occult cancer and long‐term risk of cancer.
Evaluation of an ICF‐based patient education programme for stroke patients: A randomized, single‐blinded, controlled, multicentre trial of the effects on self‐efficacy, life satisfaction and functioning
Authors: Sabariego Carla , Barrera Andrea E. , Neubert Silvia , Stier‐Jarmer Marita , Bostan Cristina , Cieza Alarcos 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveThere is a current need for interventions that provide information to stroke survivors in a patient‐centred, interactive, personalized and flexible manner. To this purpose, a standardized but content‐flexible patient education programme based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was developed. This study evaluated the effect of this programme on perceived self‐efficacy.DesignSingle‐blind, randomized, multi‐centre controlled trial.MethodsStroke patients undergoing neurological rehabilitation were enrolled. Perceived self‐efficacy was measured with the Liverpool Self‐Efficacy Scale. Secondary outcomes were life satisfaction and self‐perception of the impact of the stroke on life, measured with the WHOQOL and the Stroke Impact Scale, respectively. Data obtained at baseline, post‐intervention and 6‐month follow‐up were analysed using multi‐level models of change.ResultsTwo hundred and thirteen patients received either the ICF‐based patient education (n = 110) or an attention‐placebo (n = 103) control intervention. Over time, patients' self‐efficacy (p < .01) and participation (p < .01) improved, while emotional functioning (p < .01) deteriorated, although no significant between‐group differences were observed. Explorative analyses showed that gender, loci of control, difficulty in accessing health services after discharge and life satisfaction were significant predictors of self‐efficacy.ConclusionThere was no significant benefit of the ICF‐based patient education in comparison with an attention‐placebo control group. Considering the importance of the programme for the further implementation of the ICF and the need of developing effective health education interventions for stroke, the methodology used was reviewed and an updated version proposed.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject? Stroke survivors frequently report dissatisfaction about content, delivery and timing of information provision on several aspects of the disease as well as on available support. Although several interventions targeting information provision have been developed in the past years, an optimal format for such interventions has not been established yet. A recent review of health education interventions for stroke survivors encourages therefore the development of new programmes providing information in a patient‐centred, interactive, personalized, flexible and repetitive manner.What does this study add? An innovative, standardized but content flexible patient education based on the ICF is evaluated. An implementation possibility of the ICF and of an ICF Core Set in clinical practice is presented. The usefulness of the ICF in providing a valuable framework to structure health education interventions is shown.
Families Created by Reproductive Donation: Issues and Research
Authors: Golombok Susan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA growing number of children are being born through the donation of gametes (sperm or eggs) or embryos, or the hosting of a pregnancy for another woman (surrogacy), thus creating families in which children lack a gestational and/or genetic relationship with one or both parents. Research on these families suggests that concerns about adverse outcomes for parenting and child development are largely unfounded. Although less is known about nontraditional families formed through reproductive donation than about traditional families, these new family types likely are not at risk for parenting or child‐adjustment problems. Overall, findings suggest that the absence of a genetic or gestational connection between parents and children does not have an adverse effect on the quality of parent–child relationships or children's adjustment.
The Role of Sex of Peers and Gender‐Typed Activities in Young Children's Peer Affiliative Networks: A Longitudinal Analysis of Selection and Influence
Authors: Martin Carol Lynn , Kornienko Olga , Schaefer David R. , Hanish Laura D. , Fabes Richard A. , Goble Priscilla 
Published: December 2012

A stochastic actor‐based model was used to investigate the origins of sex segregation by examining how similarity in sex of peers and time spent in gender‐typed activities affected affiliation network selection and how peers influenced children's (N = 292; Mage = 4.3 years) activity involvement. Gender had powerful effects on interactions through direct and indirect pathways. Children selected playmates of the same sex and with similar levels of gender‐typed activities. Selection based on gender‐typed activities partially mediated selection based on sex of peers. Children influenced one another's engagement in gender‐typed activities. When mechanisms producing sex segregation were compared, the largest contributor was selection based on sex of peers; less was due to activity‐based selection and peer influence. Implications for sex segregation and gender development are discussed.
Influence of self‐esteem and negative affectivity on oral health‐related quality of life in patients with partial tooth loss
Authors: Özhayat Esben B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTo meaningfully interpret oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) measures, the influence of personality traits must be investigated.ObjectivesTo investigate and quantify the influence of self‐esteem and negative affectivity (NA) on OHRQoL. It was hypothesized that low self‐esteem and high NA would be associated with worse OHRQoL.MethodsOHRQoL measured by the Oral Health Impact Profile 49 (OHIP‐49), self‐esteem measured by the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES), NA measured by the Eysenck Personality Inventory Questionnaire (EPI‐Q), global oral rating of oral comfort and controlling variables (gender, age, number of teeth, experience of wearing removable dental prostheses (RDP), location of missing teeth and zone of missing teeth) were collected from 81 patients with partial tooth loss, signed in for treatment with RDP.ResultsBivariate analyses showed that the EPI‐Q score had the highest correlation with OHIP‐49 score (R = 0.5). Both EPI‐Q and RSES score had a stronger correlation with psychosocial items than physical/functional items of the OHIP‐49. In the multivariate analyses, the controlling variables alone explained 17.75% of the variance in OHIP‐49 score, while addition of EPI‐Q score, RSES score and both EPI‐Q and RSES score explained additionally 11.64%, 6.07% and 14.12%, respectively. For each unit increase in EPI‐Q score, the OHIP‐49 score increased 5.1 units and for each unit increase in RSES score, the OHIP‐49 score decreased 1.1. NA was statistically and clinically significantly higher and self‐esteem was statistically significantly lower in patients reporting worse oral comfort.ConclusionNA had the strongest and most clinically meaningful influence, but both NA and self‐esteem was found to influence OHRQoL; low self‐esteem and high NA was associated with worse OHRQoL. This indicates the possibility to explain some of the impact of tooth loss on OHRQoL based on personality traits.