bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
418 – How Should a Psychiatrist Write to a GP?
Authors: Shaddel F. , Ghazirad M. 
Published: July 2013

Background:Quality and clarity of correspondence with other professionals and especially GPs have been always important. Nowadays when patients would receive a copy of our letters automatically, this has become even more sensitive and paramount.Methodology:A guideline and template were designed based on the best recommendations taken from available NHS policies, review of literature and interviewing six experienced psychiatry consultants in Oxford deanery.Outcome:– Decide about sending a copy of your letter to each patient individually. It is a clinical decision. Do not send a copy if this would mean compromising the information you need to give to GP. Situations like third party information, safeguarding issue, risk to therapeutic relationship and lastly, patient’s refusal to have a copy of letter– Send a separate letter to the patient if your are directly asked in one of situations outlined above. This letter should be short and simple containing clear treatment plan.– Letter to GP should be short (200-300 words) with simple language.– Use a standard template for writing to GP. Template should have headings for “Reason for referral”, “Impression/diagnosis”, “Summary of findings”, “Prognosis”, “Risks”, “Information given to the patient”, “Detailed treatment plan”, “Name of care coordinator” and finally “Follow up details”.Clinical implications:Writing short, simple and clear letters would facilitate communication between psychiatrist and GP. This eventually will improve the quality of patient care. Using of a standard template, attending report writing courses and thoughtful deciding about sending a copy to each patient are greatly recommended.
423 – The Effects of Portulaca Oleracea L(Purslane) on Psychologic Symptoms of Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Parvin N. , Farzaneh S. , Rafiee Vardanjani L. , Goodarzi I. , Nikfarjam M. 
Published: July 2013

Background:Despite the availability of an ever-expanding range of typical and atypical antipsychotics, a substantial proportion of patients with schizophrenia show a partial or total lack of response to antipsychotic mono therapy. This study was done to evaluate the effect of purslane on psychologic symptoms of schizophrenic patients.Materials and methods:This randomized clinical trial study was carried out on 60 chronic schizophrenic patients in Sina hospital Shahrekord, Iran during 2011-12. Subjects were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The control group received Risperidone up to 6mg/day and Biperiden 4mg/day for 8 weeks. The Patients in interventional group received 1gr extract of purslane daily with the same regimen for 8 weeks. The scales for assessment of positive symptoms (SAPS) and assessment of negative symptoms (SANS) were recorded in prior and 8th weeks. In addition, CRP and MDA level of patients were assessed in two stage of study.Results:At the end of study, the mean score of positive symptoms were 47.93±18.56 and 57.1±14.83 in intervention and control groups, respectively (P< 0.05), and the mean score of negative symptoms were 40.83±11.03 and 46.13± 9.34 (P< 0.05).The CRP levels of patients in intervention and control groups were .53±.55 and 1.72±.73 at 8 week respectively (P< .05) and the MDA levels were 3.25±1.25 and 5.43± 1.76 respectively (P< .05).Conclusion:According to findings of this study, the use of purslane as an adjunct to Respridone can improve psychological condition of chronic schizophrenic patients and decrease MDA and CRP levels of them.
432 – Designing and Implementation a Life Skills Training Program for Improving Social Competence and Academic Achievement of First Grade High School Girl Students in Tehran City
Authors: Khademi Ashkzari M. , Khademi Ashkzari E. 
Published: July 2013

The aim of present research was to investigate the impact of life skills training program on the advancement of social competence and academic achievement of first grade high school girl students in Tehran city.The sample of this experimental research consists of two groups of thirty students from 14 and 2 education zones of Tehran. Students were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The research tools used in this study were social competence questionnaire (r = 0.89) and 1st and 2nd term grade point averages, which were taken twice as the pre and post tests. Experimental group took part in 12 sessions of life skills training program (90 minutes each which consisted of: self awareness, decision making & problem solving, time management, control of aggression, assertiveness, coping with stress & interpersonal relationships).Data was analyzed using covariance statistical test (ANCOVA). Results showed that experimental group benefited from life skills training program and their social competence and its components (cognitive, motivational, behavioral and emotional) improved significantly, but the impact on their academic achievement was not significant.
433 – Common Mental Disorders Associated with 2-year Diabetes Incidence: The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (nesda)
Authors: Atlantis E. , Vogelzangs N. , Cashman K. , Penninx B.J.W.H. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Few prospective cohort studies describe the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with depression or anxiety. We aimed to determine the 2-year diabetes incidence and pattern of explanatory factors associated with depressive and/or anxiety disorders.Methods:A prospective cohort of 2,981 participants (aged 18–65 years, 66% women) recruited in the NESDA from community, primary care and outpatient psychiatric clinics were followed-up for two years. Complete data were analyzed from 2,460 participants without baseline diabetes. Lifetime or current (past 6-month) depressive and/or anxiety disorders at baseline were assessed using the CIDI and classified by the DSM-IV. Diabetes was classified by either self-report, medications, or fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0mmol/L. Baseline covariates included age, gender, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions. Odds ratios (OR[95% confidence intervals]) for diabetes were determined using exact logistic regression.Results:The unadjusted 2-year diabetes incidence was 0.2% (1/571), 1.1% (6/548), and 1.8% (24/1,340) for no, remitted, and current depressive and/or anxiety disorders, respectively. In comparison to controls, current depressive and/or anxiety disorders was associated with diabetes incidence in unadjusted (OR 10.4[1.7,429.0]) and age-adjusted (OR 11.9[1.9,423.0]) analyses. The strength of this association (β) was slightly changed after further adjustments for impaired fasting glucose (11.4%), high triglycerides (−7.8%), and lifestyle cumulative risk score (−5.0%), in contrast to other covariates when assessed in separate models.Conclusions:The relative odds of developing diabetes within two years was increased for persons with current depressive and/or anxiety disorders, which was partially explained by, but remained independent of, lifestyle cumulative risk factors.
434 – Excess Burden of Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes Due to Psychopathology
Authors: Atlantis E. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Whether the prevalence of type 1 or 2 diabetes is rising among people with psychopathology is uncertain. This study investigates changes in the prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes associated with psychopathology in the adult Australian population from 2001 to 2008.Methods:Data analysed were from 48,359 participants aged ≥25 years from the 2001, 2004-05 or 2007-08 National Health Surveys. Lifetime diagnosis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes was determined by self-report. Psychopathology status was determined with the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (using scores ≥30), and contemporaneous use of antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications.Results:Overall, the prevalence of type 1 diabetes remained stable whereas the prevalence of type 2 diabetes increased by 36% between 2001 and 2008. On average, odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for type 1 and type 2 diabetes ranged from 1.43 (0.98,2.10) to 2.44 (1.63,3.64) and 1.32 (1.13,1.53) to 1.67 (1.39,2.02) for people with compared to those without psychopathology by any definition independent of socio-demographic covariates, consistently over the 8-year period. After further adjustments for lifestyle covariates, the strength of these estimates were attenuated and ranged from 1.32 (0.90,1.95) to 2.24 (1.49,3.36) and 1.16 (0.99,1.36) to 1.51 (1.24,1.83) for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Conclusions:The prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes was consistently higher for people with psychopathology from 2001-2008. Clinicians should consider routinely screening patients with diabetes for psychopathology and vice versa, as well as lifestyle risk factors, to inform practice.
446 – Prevalence of Anxiety Disorder Among Cardiovascular Patients in Ilam Province, Western Iran
Authors: Peyman H. , Yaghoubi M. , Zarei M. , Dastgerdian F. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Anxiety-related disorders have frequently been considered as potential risk factors for developing and/or worsening cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of panic attack and depression as anxiety-related disorders are reported to be 10% and 15% respectively among cardiovascular patients.Objectives:To evaluate anxiety among cardiovascular patients.Aims:This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and its associated factors among cardiovascular patients.Method:It was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which anxiety-related disorders were investigated among 60 cardiovascular patients hospitalized at the Shaheed Mostafa Hospital in Ilam in 2009. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used for data gathering. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS-17 software.Results:Mean age±standard deviation was 62.6 ± 3.1years. The prevalence of anxiety was estimated to be 20%. Majority of the patients were female (63.3%) and more than three quarters (77%) were illiterate. Almost two-thirds (67%) reported unemployment without any source of income. One in every four samples was smoker and half of them reported having a family problem at home. History of heart attack, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hospital admission were 33.7%, 56.7%, 40.0% and 63.3% respectively. There was a significant association between anxiety-raised of suffering from a mental crisis due to loss or sickness of family members/ close friends and increased rate of cardiovascular disorders (p< 0.05).Conclusions:The rate of anxiety-related disorders in Ilam was significantly higher compared to the national reports across the country which needs more attention by health workers. Psychological consultations, behavioral-conceptual therapies and regular exercises are recommended.
459 – Hypovitaminosis D and Hypotestosteronemia in Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Agarwal S.K. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Several studies have suggested that vitamin D and testosterone levels may be physiologically and pathologically interlinked. However this relsationship has not been studied in schizophrenia.Objectives:To demonstrate an association between vitamin D and testosterone levles in schizophrenia.Aims:To establish that hypovitaminosis D is associated with hypotestosteronrmia.Methods:Laboratory data of all male patients with schizophrenia seen for annual physicals in our office was reviewed. Vitamin D was measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D and classified as follows: more than 30 ng/ml: normal; 21 to 30 ng/ml: mild deficiency; 11 to 20 ng/mL: moderate deficiency; 10 ng/ml or less: severe deficiency. Testosterone levels were tested by L/MSMS methodology (normal: 348.0–1197 ng/dL).Results:47 male patients had both vitamin d and testosterone measured: Of these 47, 36 (77%) had hypovitaminosis D and 20 (43%) had LTL. Of the 11 with normal vitamin d levels, 2 (18%) had LTL and 8 (82%) had NTL. Of the 36 with low vitamin D, 18 (50%) had LTL and 18 had NTL (50%). Of the 6 with severe deficiency, 4 (66%) had low and 2 had normal testosterone levels (NTL); of the 15 with moderate deficiency, 7 (47%) had LTL and 9 had NTL and of the 15 with mild deficiency, 7 (47%) had LTL and 8 had NTL.Conclusions:Vitamin D deficiency appears to be closely related to low testosterone levels in a male schizophrenic population. Supplementation with both vitamin D and testosterone may be needed in these patients.
460 – The Prevalence and Severity of Obsessive-compulsive Disorder and its Relationship with Dermatological Lesion in Iranian Dermatological Clinic
Authors: Sheikhmoonesi F. , Hajheidari Z. , Mohammadpour M. , Masoudzadeh A. , Mozaffari M. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder which is usually characterized by two types of symptoms, namely.obsessions and compulsions.Objectives:Psychosomatic disorders include psycho-cutaneous disease, obsessive-compulsive disorde r(OCD) might be expressed as dermatological lesion and are known as dermo-OCD.Aims:The aim of this study were to determine the prevalence and severity of OCD and its relationship with dermatological disease in sari, Iran, 2011.Method:The sample consisted of 265 consecutively presenting dermatological patients who agreed to participate in the study, the subjects were assessed with structured clinical interview (SCID-I) by psychiatrist resident and also completed the yalebrown obsessive compulsive scale(Y-BOCS). T-test and chi-square were used to analyze of data.Results:Of the 265 dermatological patients, 24(9.1%) met DSM-IV criteria for OCD. Only 9(37.5%) of them had previousely been diagnosed as OCD. The most common obsession were washing 13(54.1) and pathological doubt 7 (25%), contamination7 (25%), checking 7(25%).Conclusion:There is a high prevalence of OCD in dermatological patients and with considerating of importance of OCD with comorbitiy of skin disease, dermatologist must be aware about relationship between two disorders and referring OCD patients to psychiatrist.
462 – Quetiapine Monotherapy in Acute Phase for Major Depressive Disorder: A Metaanalysis of Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trials
Authors: Maneeton N. , Maneeton B. , Srisurapanont M. , Martin S.D. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:The efficacy, acceptability and/or tolerability of available antidepressants are not yet satisfactory.Objectives:This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of quetiapine treatment for MDD.Method:MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched in February 2012. Efficacy outcomes were pooled mean changed scores of the standard depressive rating scales. The overall discontinuation rate and discontinuation rate due to adverse events were considered as the measure of acceptability and tolerability, respectively.Results:A total of 1497 participants in three published RCTs were included. The pooled mean changed score of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale of the quetiapine-treated group were higher than those of the placebo-treated group with WMDs (95%CI) of 3.37 (-3.95, -2.79) and -2.46 (-3.47, -1.45), respectively. The overall response and remission rates were greater in the quetiapine-treated group with RRs (95%CIs) of 1.44 (1.26, 1.64) and 1.37 (1.12, 1.68), respectively. The pooled overall discontinuation rate was not different between groups with an RR (95%CI) of 1.16 (0.97, 1.39). The pooled discontinuation rate due to adverse event was greater in the quetiapine group with an RR (95%CI) of 2.90 (1.87, 4.48). The pooled mean change Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores was also higher in the quetiapine-treated group [WMD (95%CI) of -1.21 (-1.81, -0.61)].Conclusions:Quetiapine XR is effective for the treatment of MDD. These patients may not accept and tolerate this agent well. Its advantage on sleep improvement may be of benefit for patients with MDD.
464 – A Prospective Study of Patients Absconding from a Psychiatric Hospital in Iran
Authors: Sheikhmoonesi F. , Kabirzadeh A. , Yahyavi S.T. , Mohseni Saravi B. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Absconding from a psychiatric ward (leaving without permission) is a costly event in many ways.Objectives:Some risks of absconding include missed treatment which results in longer rehabilitation time or lack of treatment altogether.Aim:To investigate the motivation and characteristics of patients absconding from a psychiatric ward in Iran.Methods:A prospective study was conducted for patients who absconded from psychiatric ward in the period between July 2010 and July 2011. The variables were patients’ age, gender, hospital stay, substance abuse, psychiatric diagnosis and site of absconding. All patients were interviewed to assess their motivation for absconding.Results:Over a one-year period of data collection 56 absconding events were recorded, with the incidence rate of 4.24%. The mean age of absconders was 31+8.4 years, 47 (83.9%) absconders were males, 28 (50.9%) absconds happened through the park fence.Bipolar mood disorder or schizophrenia was the diagnosis of 23 (41%) absconders. The mean number of days of hospitalization in patients who left the wards was 11 days. The main motivation to abscond was boredom from the ward environment and missing the family.Conclusion:The risk of absconding is highest in the early days of admission especially in male, young patients with diagnosis of bipolar mood disorder or schizophrenia.
487 – Modern Antipsychotic Drugs gives Fewer Side Effects and Lower Deaths
Authors: Björling G. , Wilhelmsen L. , Welin L. , Odén A. , Björnberg A. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Is there any difference in deaths and frecquency of different somatic diagnosis after the use of second generation antipsychotic drugs?Objectives:Using different databases of diagnos F20(schizophrenia),contact with health care system in Southwest part of Sweden(1,7 million inhabitants) Using antipsychotic drugs. By comparing Fist Generation antipsychotic drugs (FGA) with the Second Generation Antipsychotic drugs (SGA) about death, costs, the frecquency of diagnosis of different diseases mlike diabetes,stroke,coronary heart disease and hypertension.Aims:Identify the effects in different pharmacological treatments in Sweden.Methods:Indivuals with the diagnos F20 can be identified by the civic registration number in the batabase for health care contacts, death register, drug costs from the Swedish Board of Health andWelfare for the different used drugs and data from The national Insurance about absenteism were merged in a computer file. The data were coded so no one could identifie any individual.We used the costs for open care and DRG for the different hospitals to count the costs for the health care of the patients. We studied the patients july 2005 -.decembre 2009.Results:We studied the data of 4593 individuals with the ICD-10 diagnosis F20 -The death rate was 2,4 higher than in the total population.-not lower with drug treatment than without. The total cost varied between in euro 2700-4000.The higher cost is for SGA No difference in hospital costs between the two types of antipsychotic drugs. About the concomitant disorders Aripiprazol had a tendency have lower freguency.SGA has lower deaths.Conclusions:Advantages with SGA.
488 – Mortality in People with Serious Mental Illness in a Psychiatric Hospital in Greece
Authors: Argyropoulos K. , Jelastopulu E. , Tsampalas E. , Tyrovolas M. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Patients with schizophrenia seem to have a higher mortality and a lower life expectancy compared to the general population.Aims:To estimate the rate of mortality at a psychiatric hospital and to identify the causes and risk factors of these deaths.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted based on the medical records of patients who had died during the time period from January 2007 to March 2012 at the 250-bed Psychiatric Hospital of Tripolis in Greece.Results:A total of 39 deaths were recorded (mean annual mortality: 1.7 per 1000 inpatients). Patients were predominantly male (67%), mean age 64 years, most of them farmers (41%), with low educational level (69%) and mainly unmarried (72%). Medical co-morbidity was observed in 74% of the cases, mainly hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In 59% hospitalization was made after a court order. Thirty two patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia, mainly of the paranoid form (77%). Haloperidol was the most prescribed antipsychotic drug (62%). The main causes of mortality were respiratory and cardiovascular diseases (each 59%). Six of the occurred deaths could not be determined, but autopsy classified them as natural cause of death.Conclusions:Low rate of mortality, no clear forensic responsibility and high rates of medical co-morbidities in schizophrenia patients were observed in this study. The implementation of medical screening and prevention programs of serious health problems should be a high priority in psychiatric hospitals in order to improve quality of life and extend life expectancy in mentally ill adults.
493 – Effect of Neurobics on Cognition of Student
Authors: Balgaonkar A.V. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Neurobics for student are mental exercises, brain teasers and puzzles those purport to enhance the brain's performance. Children's Non-routine activities and thoughts produce more chemicals of the neurobiology system of body that encourage growth of new dendrites and neurons in the brain and stimulate the brain.Objective:To develop the neurobics skills training program for optimal performance in cognition and gross motor and fine motor functions.To analyze the factors influences neurobics and effect on cognition.To examine the factors influences neurobics and gross motor and fine motor functions.Aims:To develop the neurobics skills training program for student to stimulate the brain. Examined the factors influences neurobics and effect on cognition and highlight the benefits of neurobics on student's overall development.Methods:The Researcher has been used before and after experimental and control group design for the study. Independent variable was neurobic and dependent variables were student's cognition, gross motor and fine motor functions. The sample were 140 students and 70 in each group 70+70 of III rd and IV th std. Various kinds of experiment and activities had been used for measure gross motor and fine motor function. Effect of neurobics had been evaluated by behavioral performance.Results:Statistic data has been analyzed by mean, SD, ‘t’ test. Results showed that neurobics of student increased performance for cognition and other areas of intelligence.Conclusions:Neurobics positively influence on students cognition and functional skills. Cognitive abilities can be maintained or improved by neurobic exercise.