bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les premières années du Grand Conseil de Florence (1494-1499)
Authors: Rubinstein Nicolai , Saint-Upéry Marc 
Published: January 2015

Cet article retrace l’évolution complexe des procédures constitutionnelles et électives et les débats dont elles furent l’objet durant les premières années du Grand Conseil de Florence, après le rétablissement du régime républicain qui suivit la chute des Médicis et dans une période marquée par l’action de Jérôme Savonarole. Dans ces débats s’intriquaient étroitement des considérations principielles relatives au poids des différentes couches sociales présentes dans le Grand Conseil ou aux caractéristiques attendues de l’élection et du tirage au sort, des manœuvres tactiques visant à favoriser procéduralement tel ou tel camp politique et des soucis pratiques relatifs à l’organisation concrètes des débats (besoin de disposer d’une salle adéquate, problèmes de quorums, etc.). Ce n’est qu’après plusieurs années que le tirage au sort des charges devint une revendication du courant « populaire » et finit par s’imposer.
Is Participation in Certain Sports Associated With Knee Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review
Authors: Driban Jeffrey B. , Hootman Jennifer M. , Sitler Michael R. , Harris Kyle P. , Cattano Nicole M. 
Published: January 2015

Objective: Information regarding the relative risks of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA) as a result of sport participation is critical for shaping public health messages and for informing knee-OA prevention strategies. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between participation in specific sports and knee OA.Data Sources: We completed a systematic literature search in September 2012 using 6 bibliographic databases (PubMed; Ovid MEDLINE; Journals@Ovid; American College of Physicians Journal Club; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects; and Ovid HealthStar), manual searches (4 journals), and reference lists (56 articles).Study Selection: Studies were included if they met the following 4 criteria: (1) an aim was to investigate an association between sport participation and knee OA; (2) the outcome measure was radiographic knee OA, clinical knee OA, total knee replacement, self-reported diagnosis of knee OA, or placement on a waiting list for a total knee replacement; (3) the study design was case control or cohort; and (4) the study was written in English. Articles were excluded if the study population had an underlying condition other than knee OA.Data Extraction: One investigator extracted data (eg, group descriptions, knee OA prevalence, source of nonexposed controls).Data Synthesis: The overall knee-OA prevalence in sport participants (n = 3759) was 7.7%, compared with 7.3% among nonexposed controls (referent group n = 4730, odds ratio [OR] = 1.1). Specific sports with a significantly higher prevalence of knee OA were soccer (OR = 3.5), elite-level long-distance running (OR = 3.3), competitive weight lifting (OR = 6.9), and wrestling (OR = 3.8). Elite-sport (soccer or orienteering) and nonelite-sport (soccer or American football) participants without a history of knee injury had a greater prevalence of knee OA than nonexposed participants.Conclusions: Participants in soccer (elite and nonelite), elite-level long-distance running, competitive weight lifting, and wrestling had an increased prevalence of knee OA and should be targeted for risk-reduction strategies.
Multi-Symplectic Method for the Zakharov-Kuznetsov Equation
Authors: Li Haochen , Sun Jianqiang , Qin Mengzhao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA new scheme for the Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation with the accuracy order ofis proposed. The multi-symplectic conservation property of the new scheme is proved. The backward error analysis of the new multi-symplectic scheme is also implemented. The solitary wave evolution behaviors of the Zakharov-Kunetsov equation is investigated by the new multi-symplectic scheme. The accuracy of the scheme is analyzed.
Convergence Analysis of Legendre-Collocation Methods for Nonlinear Volterra Type Integro Equations
Authors: Yang Yin , Chen Yanping , Huang Yunqing , Yang Wei 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA Legendre-collocation method is proposed to solve the nonlinear Volterra integral equations of the second kind. We provide a rigorous error analysis for the proposed method, which indicate that the numerical errors inL2-norm andL∞-norm will decay exponentially provided that the kernel function is sufficiently smooth. Numerical results are presented, which confirm the theoretical prediction of the exponential rate of convergence.
Solution of Two-Dimensional Stokes Flow Problems Using Improved Singular Boundary Method
Authors: Qu Wenzhen , Chen Wen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this paper, an improved singular boundary method (SBM), viewed as one kind of modified method of fundamental solution (MFS), is firstly applied for the numerical analysis of two-dimensional (2D) Stokes flow problems. The key issue of the SBM is the determination of the origin intensity factor used to remove the singularity of the fundamental solution and its derivatives. The new contribution of this study is that the origin intensity factors for the velocity, traction and pressure are derived, and based on that, the SBM formulations for 2D Stokes flow problems are presented. Several examples are provided to verify the correctness and robustness of the presented method. The numerical results clearly demonstrate the potentials of the present SBM for solving 2D Stokes flow problems.
RELAÇÃO ETNOBOTÂNICA DOS PROPRIETÁRIOS RURAIS DO MUNICÍPIO DE URUPEMA, SC, COM RECURSOS FLORESTAIS
Authors: Menegatti Renata Diane , Higuchi Pedro , Da Silva Ana Carolina , Fert-Neto João , Correia Jean , Munaretti Alisson Mello , Berri Paulo Victor 
Published: January 2015

O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a relação etnobotânica de proprietários rurais do município de Urupema, SC, com recursos florestais. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas, em cada uma das 35 propriedades amostradas, sobre as principais fontes de renda e sobre as principais espécies florestais utilizadas. O uso das espécies foi analisado por meio do Nível de Fidelidade (NF) e da Porcentagem de Concordância quanto aos Usos Principais (CUP). As fontes de renda relatadas com maior frequência foram a pecuária, a fruticultura e a aposentadoria. Os recursos florestais são utilizados, principalmente, para fins de alimentação e energético. Todas as espécies citadas apresentaram elevado NF (≥ 97%) e a Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze é a espécie de maior valor de CUP (97,06%), por ser utilizada por quase a totalidade dos entrevistados (34), sempre para os mesmos fins. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos entrevistados (83%) não obtém renda das florestas naturais, mesmo com quase metade (47%) tendo citado que seria possível sustentar a família por meio da exploração dos recursos florestais nativos. Dentre os recursos florestais explorados, destacou-se a extração de pinhão como fonte de renda.Palavras-chave: Floresta com Araucária; Planalto Catarinense; etnobotânica; produtores rurais. AbstractEthnobotanical connections of rural landowners in the municipality of Urupema, SC, with forest resources. The present research aimed to characterize the ethnobotanical connections of rural landowners in the municipality of Urupema, SC, with their use of forest resource. In order to do that, we conducted interviews, in each of the 35 surveyed properties, focusing the main source of income as well as the main used tree species. The species usages were analyzed by the Fidelity Level (NF) and Percentage of Main Use Concordance (CUP). The most frequent sources of income were livestock, fruit culture and retirement. The forest resources are mainly used as food and energy. All cited species revealed elevated values of NF (≥97%), and the more elevated value of CUP was observed for Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (97,06%), as such species had been reported by almost the totality of farmers, always for the same purpose. The results revealed that most of the interviewees (83%) do not get income from natural forests, even with almost half (47%) of them considering that it would be possible to sustain their family by native forest resources exploitation. Among the exploited forest resources, the extraction of pine nuts stood out as income source.Keywords: Araucaria Forest; Planalto Catarinense; forest resource usages; ethnobotany, farmers.
DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE PLÂNTULAS DE Peltophorum dubium E Leucaena leucocephala INOCULADAS COM BACTÉRIAS DIAZOTRÓFICAS
Authors: Rampim Leandro , Klein Jeferson , Tsutsumi Claudio Yuji , Marchiotti Bruno Guilherme , Guimarães Vandeir Francisco 
Published: January 2015

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de bactérias diazotróficas no desenvolvimento inicial de Peltophorum dubium e Leucaena leucocephala em casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 com quatro repetições, sendo que o primeiro fator foi formado pelas duas espécies florestais P. dubium e L. leucocephala, enquanto que o segundo fator está relacionado à microbiolização das sementes por estirpes das bactérias diazotróficas promotoras de crescimento Azospirillum brasilense, Bradyrhizobium elkanii, associação entre as duas bactérias e testemunha sem microbiolização. A microbiolização das sementes das espécies florestais com A. brasilense, B. elkanii e associação entre as bactérias A. brasilense e B. elkanii incrementaram a emergência de plântulas. Na canafístula, a A. brasilense, B. elkanii, isoladas ou em associação, elevaram a massa seca de parte aérea, comprimento de parte aérea e comprimento de sistema radicular, e reduziram diâmetro de coleto. Na leucena, a B. elkanii aumentou massa seca de raiz e reduziu diâmetro de coleto, e a A. brasilense incrementou massa seca de parte aérea e comprimento do sistema radicular, atingindo massa seca de parte aérea maior que a associação de A. brasilense e B. elkanii.Palavras-chave: Canafístula; leucena; fixação biológica de nitrogênio; promoção de crescimento; rizobactérias. AbstractInitial development of plants of Peltophorum dubium and Leucaena leucocephala inoculated with diazotrophic bacteria. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of diazotrophic bacteria on initial development of Peltophorum dubium and Leucaena leucocephala in greenhouse. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 2 x 4 with four replications, with the first factor formed by the two forest species P. dubium and L. leucocephala, while the second factor was related to microbiolization seeds by strains of diazotrophic growth promoting bacteria Azospirillum brasilense, Bradyrhizobium elkanii, association between the two bacteria and non-microbiolization control. The microbiolization seeds of forest species with A. brasilense, B. elkanii and association between the bacteria A. brasilense and B. elkanii improved seedling emergence of canafistula and leucaena. In canafístula, the A. brasilense, B. elkanii alone or in combination increased the dry weight of shoot, length of shoot and root length, and reduced diameter collect. In leucaena, B. elkanii increased the root dry weight and reduced diameter collect, and A. brasilense increased the dry weight of shoot and root system length, with higher dry shoot than association of A. brasilense and B. elkanii.Keywords: Canafistula; leucena; biological nitrogen fixation; growth promotion; rhizobacteria.
INFLUÊNCIA DA PRECIPITAÇÃO E TEMPERATURA DO AR NA PRODUÇÃO DE SERAPILHEIRA EM TRECHO DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL EM SOROCABA, SP
Authors: Scoriza Rafael Nogueira , Piña-Rodrigues Fatima Conceição Márquez 
Published: January 2015

A fragmentação e destruição da Mata Atlântica tornam a sua conservação fundamental. A serapilheira é um importante componente desse sistema e apresenta diferenças na deposição nos diferentes ecossistemas brasileiros. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da precipitação e da temperatura do ar no aporte de serapilheira em fragmentos florestais localizados em Sorocaba, SP. A quantidade média de serapilheira aportada foi de 6,9 ± 0,4 mg.ha-1.ano-1, formada por 65% de folhas. Houve diferenças entre as deposições nas estações do ano, sendo que a menor quantidade foi depositada no período seco. A correlação da serapilheira e suas frações não foram significativas quando analisada para o mesmo mês da avaliação da temperatura do ar e precipitação. Porém, quando se relacionam meses anteriores, a correlação é mais expressiva, demonstrando que a resposta da vegetação a variações ambientais não é imediata.Palavras-chave: Clima; sazonalidade; Mata Atlântica. AbstractInfluence of precipitation and air temperature in production of litterfall in stretch of seasonal forest. Fragmentation and destruction of the Atlantic Rainforest make its conservation essential. The litter is an important component of this system, and reveals differences in deposition in the different Brazilian ecosystems. This research aims to evaluate the effect of rainfall and air temperature on litterfall input in a forest fragment at the municipality of Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. The average contribution of litterfall was 6.9±0.4Mg ha-1 yr-1, comprising 65% of leaves. There were differences between the seasons, with the less amount in the dry season. The correlation of litter and its fractions was not relevant for the same month of air temperature and rainfall measurement. However, the correlation is significant when related to the previous month, demonstrating that the response of vegetation to environmental changes is not immediate.Keywords: Climate; seasonality; Atlantic forest.
Music Participation and Nonparticipation of Nonmajors on College Campuses
Authors: Mantie Roger , Dorfman Jay 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to survey students on college (university) campuses to generate knowledge about music participation and nonparticipation by nonmajors in order to better inform school music practices. Volunteer research assistants (N = 24), located at multiple sites across the United States and beyond, assisted with the data-gathering process, which involved a short on-the-street survey of passersby. In addition to ascertaining participation and nonparticipation in music and possible relationships with selected variables (academic year, academic major, race/ethnicity, gender, musical instrument), the survey sought responses aimed at discerning reasons for participation and nonparticipation, and the likelihood of future participation. Results revealed a reported rate of participation in music ensembles of 14.6%, with an attrition rate of 75-80% for those citing high school music involvement. There were few significant relationships with selected variables, suggesting that college music participation is likely a phenomenon not reducible to isolated variables. The most frequently cited reason for nonparticipation among those with precollege experience was "I don’t have the time." The highest-rated item among college music participants was "I love my instrument and/or I love singing." Reported likelihood of future participation was significantly higher for current participants than for nonparticipants with precollege experience, but was not especially strong overall, raising the question of whether college music participation is viewed as a transition activity or as an indicator of lifelong participation in music.
The Work-Life Balance of Competitive Marching Band Teachers: A Multiple Case Study
Authors: Shaw Ryan D. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This multiple instrumental case study examined how competitive marching band teachers strive for their ideal work-life balance. Four teachers with highly competitive marching bands were selected as participants. In particular, this study was guided by the following research questions: (1) How do competitive marching band teachers describe their work-life balance? (2) What factors do competitive marching band teachers cite as facilitative of desired work-life balance? (3) What factors do competitive marching band teachers cite as inhibitive of desired work-life balance? Data were collected over a period of 6 months, and data sources included in-person interviews and email correspondence. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that the participants cited inhibitive aspects as pressure from parents, students, and staff; general pressure to uphold the reputation of their band program; and extreme time commitment/workload. Participants cited how balance was pursued proactively. Pursuit of balance was facilitated by setting personal rules and boundaries, by making time for self and others, and through help from supportive people. Finally, participants cited a blended identity and blending of work and home domains as simultaneously facilitative and inhibitive. Recommendations for future research are made.
Levantes religiosos e o combate ao diabo: concepções e práticas sociais no Norte da África entre os séculos IV e V
Authors: Morais Juliana Marques 
Published: January 2015

O objetivo desse trabalho é compreender como os cristãos do Norte da África se utilizaram da metáfora de “combate ao diabo” no contexto das disputas pelo poder nas cidades norte-africanas entre o final do século IV e início do século V. Procuramos compreender como os cristãos, que vivenciaram as perseguições empreendidas pelo governo romano, conceberam o martírio como um combate contra as forças demoníacas. Mas, também, como essas concepções foram reelaboradas em um processo de construção de uma memória cristã da violência, após a paz de Constantino. A partir da análise das Atas dos Mártires e dos escritos de Agostinho de Hipona buscamos identificar como o discurso em torno da memória cristã é construído, e em quais momentos específicos as memórias da violência são ativadas. Por fim, buscamos a partir de estudos específicos das ações violentas cometidas pelos grupos religiosos rivais, entender como grupos distintos se utilizaram da metáfora de combate ao diabo para justificar as práticas coletivas no contexto dos conflitos religiosos que se estenderam pelas cidades norte-africanas entre os séculos IV e V.
Epileptogenic malformations of cortical development: when evolution goes awry
Authors: Tumienė Birutė , Utkus Algirdas 
Published: January 2015

Background. Since the time of its origin in a mammalian ancestor, perhaps 250 million years ago, the neocortex has undergone expansion in both relative and absolute size. The complexity of the brain in vertebrates is proportional to the elaboration of the mechanisms controlling cortical development. Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are classified into three major groups that recapitulate the main developmental steps: cell proliferation, neuronal migration, or postmigrational cortical organization and connectivity. The main clinical manifestations of MCDs are epilepsy and / or intellectual disability. Seizures are the most common clinical feature, at least 75% of patients with MCDs will have epilepsy. Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques and revolutionary achievements in molecular biology led to an explosive increase in our knowledge of cerebral cortex development and malformations of cortical development (MCD). So far, more than 100 genes were associated with one or more types of MCD. However, the genetic cause still remains unidentified in the majority of cases.
Conclusions. Investigations of human malformations of cortical development as of a model of impaired neurodevelopment gave a lot of important insights into normal and abnormal brain development processes and practical benefits to MCD patients and their families. Recent achievements in genetic technologies led to a real explosion in such knowledge and are expected to yield even more additional information in the near future.
Trends and pattern of the utilization of cardiovascular medicines in Lithuania in 2003–2012
Authors: Lisauskienė Ingrida , Garuolienė Kristina , Gulbinovič Jolanta 
Published: January 2015

Background. Despite the wide use of cardiovascular (CV) drugs, CV diseases are still the leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Analysis of drug utilization gives a possibility to evaluate effectiveness of interventions.
Materials and methods. The aim of the study was to evaluate CV medicines consumption in Lithuania in 2003–2012. Data was retrieved from the SVEIDRA database of the National Health Insurance Fund. Utilization of the following groups of CVM (ATC group C) was analyzed: C02 – antihypertensive drugs, C03 – diuretics, C07 – beta blocking agents (BBs), C08 – calcium channel blockers (CCBs), C09 – agents acting on the renin–angiotensin system, C10 – lipid modifying agents. ATC/DDD methodology was used. Data was expressed as a number of DDD per 1 000 inhabitants per day (DDD/TID).
Results. Consumption of CVM went from 134.5 DDD/TID in 2003 to 352.2 in 2012. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) were the most consumed ones (66–114.8 DDD/TID), followed by CCBs (19.4–38.8 DDD/TID) and BBs (12.5–52.6 DDD/TID).There was high consumption of antihypertensives (4.7–23.9 DDD) and low consumption of diuretics (9.4–16.9 DDD/TID) and lipid modyfing agents (0.4–7.4 DDD/TID). Increasing utilization was noticed in the angiotensin II antagonist (ARBs) group (42 DDD/TID), ACEI combinations (38.6 DDD/TID) and ARBs combinations (12.9 DDD/TID) in 2012.
Conclusions. Utilization of CV medicines increased in Lithuania in 2003–2012. ACEI held the first position. An extremely low utilization of lipid modifying agents, diuretics and high consumption of alpha-receptor blockers showed the need of actions on changing the prescribing pattern of CV drugs.
Effects of sinking velocities and microbial respiration rates on the attenuation of particulate carbon fluxes through the mesopelagic zone
Authors: McDonnell A. M. P. , Boyd P. W. , Buesseler K. O. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe attenuation of sinking particle fluxes through the mesopelagic zone is an important process that controls the sequestration of carbon and the distribution of other elements throughout the oceans. Case studies at two contrasting sites, the oligotrophic regime of the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study (BATS) and the mesotrophic waters of the west Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) sector of the Southern Ocean, revealed large differences in the rates of particle‐attached microbial respiration and the average sinking velocities of marine particles, two parameters that affect the transfer efficiency of particulate matter from the base of the euphotic zone into the deep ocean. Rapid average sinking velocities of 270 ± 150 m d−1 were observed along the WAP, whereas the average velocity was 49 ± 25 m d−1 at the BATS site. Respiration rates of particle‐attached microbes were measured using novel RESPIRE (REspiration of Sinking Particles In the subsuRface ocEan) sediment traps that first intercepts sinking particles then incubates them in situ. RESPIRE experiments yielded flux‐normalized respiration rates of 0.4 ± 0.1 day−1 at BATS when excluding an outlier of 1.52 day−1, while these rates were undetectable along the WAP (0.01 ± 0.02 day−1). At BATS, flux‐normalized respiration rates decreased exponentially with respect to depth below the euphotic zone with a 75% reduction between the 150 and 500 m depths. These findings provide quantitative and mechanistic insights into the processes that control the transfer efficiency of particle flux through the mesopelagic and its variability throughout the global oceans.