bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prosthetic heart valves in pregnancy, outcomes for women and their babies: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lawley CM , Lain SJ , Algert CS , Ford JB , Figtree GA , Roberts CL 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundHistorically, pregnancies among women with prosthetic heart valves have been associated with an increased incidence of adverse outcomes.ObjectivesSystematic review to assess risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with a prosthetic heart valve(s) over the last 20 years.Search strategyElectronic literature search of Medline, The Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Embase to find recent studies.Selection criteriaStudies of pregnant women with heart valve prostheses including trials, cohort studies and unselected case series.Data collection and analysisPrimary analysis calculated absolute risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pregnancy outcomes using a random effects model. The Freeman–Tukey transformation was utilised in secondary analysis due to the large number of individual study outcomes with zero events.Main resultsEleven studies capturing 499 pregnancies among women with heart valve prostheses, including 256 mechanical and 59 bioprosthetic, were eligible for inclusion. Pooled estimate of maternal mortality was 1.2/100 pregnancies (95% CI 0.5–2.2), for mechanical valves subgroup 1.8/100 (95% CI 0.5–3.7) and bioprosthetic subgroup 0.7/100 (95% CI 0.1–4.5), overall pregnancy loss 20.8/100 pregnancies (95% CI 9.5–35.1), perinatal mortality 5.0/100 births (95%CI 1.8–9.8) and thromboembolism 9.3/100 pregnancies (95% CI 4.0–16.5).ConclusionsWomen with heart valve prostheses experienced higher rates of adverse outcomes than expected in a general obstetric population; however, lower than previously reported. Women with bioprostheses had significantly fewer thromboembolic events compared to women with mechanical valves. Women should be counselled pre‐pregnancy about risk of maternal death and pregnancy loss. Vigilant surveillance by a multidisciplinary team throughout the perinatal period remains warranted for these women and their infants.Tweetable abstractMetaanalysis suggests improvement in #pregnancy outcomes among women with #heartvalveprostheses.
The Association between High‐Deductible Health Plan Transition and Contraception and Birth Rates
Authors: Graves Amy J. , Kozhimannil Katy B. , Kleinman Ken P. , Wharam J. Frank 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between employer‐mandated enrollment into high‐deductible health plans (HDHPs) and contraception and birth rates among reproductive‐age women.Data Sources/Study SettingUsing data from 2002 to 2008, we examined 1,559 women continuously enrolled in a Massachusetts health plan for 1 year before and after an employer‐mandated switch from an HMO to a HDHP, compared with 2,793 matched women contemporaneously enrolled in an HMO.Study DesignWe used an individual‐level interrupted time series with comparison series design to examine level and trend changes in clinician‐provided contraceptives and a differences‐in‐differences design to assess annual birth rates.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsEmployer, plan, and member characteristics were obtained from enrollment files. Contraception and childbirth information were extracted from pharmacy and medical claims.Principal FindingsMonthly contraception rates were 19.0–24.0 percent at baseline. Level and trend changes did not differ between groups (p = .92 and p = .36, respectively). Annual birth rates declined from 57.1/1,000 to 32.7/1,000 among HDHP members and from 61.9/1,000 to 56.2/1,000 among HMO controls, a 40 percent relative reduction in odds of childbirth (odds ratio = 0.60; p = .02).ConclusionsWomen who switched to HDHPs experienced a lower birth rate, which might reflect strategies to avoid childbirth‐related out‐of‐pocket costs under HDHPs.
The Effect of pH and Temperature on Cabbage Volatiles During Storage
Authors: Akpolat Hacer , Barringer Sheryl Ann 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDuring storage of shredded cabbage, characteristic sulfurous volatile compounds are formed affecting cabbage aroma both negatively and positively. Selected ion flow tube‐mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS) was used to measure the concentration of cabbage volatiles during storage. The volatile levels of cabbage samples were measured at pH 3.3 to 7.4 at 4 °C for 14 d, and pH 3.3 at 25 °C for 5 d in order to determine the effect of pH and temperature. Aroma intensity, best aroma, freshness, and off odor were evaluated in a sensory test of the samples at 4 °C. The desirable volatile allyl isothiocyanate was lower in high pH samples (pH 7.4 and 6.4), whereas higher concentrations were detected in low pH samples (pH 3.3 and 4.6). Lipoxygenase volatiles, which produce a fresh green and leafy aroma in cabbage, were generated in very low amounts at any pH value. High pH samples generated significantly higher concentrations of off odors such as dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, and methanethiol. Sensory tests showed that higher pH samples had significantly stronger off odor and lower desirable cabbage aroma than lower pH samples. Thus, sensory results matched the volatile results in that samples at higher pH levels formed the highest amount of undesirable volatiles and the least amount of desirable volatiles. Storage at 25 °C produced similar concentrations of allyl isothiocyanate, but significantly higher levels of off odors, than at 4 °C. Shredded cabbage products should be stored in low pH dressings to minimize formation of off odors and maximize formation of characteristic, desirable cabbage odor.
Comparison of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy versus sorafenib monotherapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kawaoka Tomokazu , Aikata Hiroshi , Hyogo Hideyuki , Morio Reona , Morio Kei , Hatooka Masahiro , Fukuhara Takayuki , Kobayashi Tomoki , Naeshiro Noriaki , Miyaki Daisuke , Hiramatsu Akira , Imamura Michio , Kawakami Yoshiiku , Takahashi Shoichi , Waki Koji , Tsuji Keiji , Kohno Hirotaka , Kohno Hiroshi , Moriya Takashi , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesSorafenib is the standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with distant metastasis, unresectable HCC, and those refractory to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or with macroscopic vascular invasion (MVI). The application of sorafenib has been approved by the Japanese Government‐sponsored Medicare for unresectable HCC. In this retrospective cohort study we aimed to compare various aspects of HAIC with sorafenib in the treatment of Child–Pugh A patients with advanced HCC who were otherwise free of extrahepatic metastasis.MethodsAltogether 177 patients with advanced HCC at Child–Pugh class A who were free of extrahepatic metastasis were retrospectively enrolled. The patients were divided into the HAIC group (n = 136) and the sorafenib group (n = 41), and were followed up until their death or withdrawal of therapy. Responses to treatment and overall survival were determined and compared between the two groups.ResultsThe proportion of patients with complete response, partial response, stable disease and progressive disease were 5.9%, 25.0%, 40.4% and 21.3% in the HAIC and 2.4%, 2.4%, 43.9% and 41.5% in the sorafenib group, respectively. The response rate was higher in the HAIC group than in the sorafenib group (30.9% vs 4.8%). The median survival time was 10 months in both HAIC and sorafenib groups. In patients with macroscopic vascular invasion (MVI) by the case‐control method, the response rate was higher in the HAIC group than in the sorafenib group. Overall survival was longer in the HAIC group than in the sorafenib group (14 months vs 7 months, P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis identified MVI (hazard ratio 2.4, P = 0.018) as an independent prognostic factor of survival in the sorafenib group.ConclusionsResponse rate to HAIC was higher than that to sorafenib monotherapy. Prognosis was favorable in HAIC responders despite MVI. HAIC might be a potential treatment option for advanced HCC without extrahepatic metastasis.
Endocrine‐disrupting chemicals, risk of type 2 diabetes, and diabetes‐related metabolic traits: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Song Yan , Chou Elizabeth L. , Baecker Aileen , You Nai‐Chieh Y. , Song Yiqing , Sun Qi , Liu Simin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundElevated blood or urinary concentrations of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may be related to increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of the present study was to assess the role of EDCs in affecting risk of T2D and related metabolic traits.MethodsMEDLINE was searched for cross‐sectional and prospective studies published before 8 March 2014 into the association between EDCs (dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyl [PCB], chlorinated pesticide, bisphenol A [BPA], phthalate) and T2D and related metabolic traits. Three investigators independently extracted information on study design, participant characteristics, EDC types and concentrations, and association measures.ResultsForty‐one cross‐sectional and eight prospective studies from ethnically diverse populations were included in the analysis. Serum concentrations of dioxins, PCBs, and chlorinated pesticides were significantly associated with T2D risk; comparing the highest to lowest concentration category, the pooled relative risks (RR) were 1.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44–2.54) for dioxins, 2.39 (95% CI 1.86–3.08) for total PCBs, and 2.30 (95% CI 1.81–2.93) for chlorinated pesticides. Urinary concentrations of BPA and phthalates were also associated with T2D risk; comparing the highest to lowest concentration categories, the pooled RR were 1.45 (95% CI 1.13–1.87) for BPA and 1.48 (95% CI 0.98–2.25) for phthalates. Further, EDC concentrations were associated with indicators of impaired fasting glucose and insulin resistance.ConclusionsPersistent and non‐persistent EDCs may affect the risk of T2D. There is an urgent need for further investigation of EDCs, especially non‐persistent ones, and T2D risk in large prospective studies.
A Review of Fluid Inclusions in Diagenetic Systems
Authors: MERNAGH Terrence P. 
Published: June 2015

The study of fluid inclusions can help constrain the conditions at which diagenetic minerals precipitated, leading to a better understanding of the geologic controls and relative timing of changes in porosity and/or mineralising events. Many of the diagenetic minerals are easily deformed and it is important to check for any post‐entrapment changes to the inclusions. Possible post‐entrapment changes include reaction with the host crystal, necking down, nucleation metastability and thermal re‐equilibration. The recommended method of detecting these problems is to examine individual fluid inclusion assemblages (FIAs) and report data for each individual FIA.These studies have been enhanced by the development of new micro‐analytical techniques such as micro‐fluorescence spectroscopy, micro‐infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, various mass spectrometry techniques and the analysis of individual fluid inclusions using laser ablation/decrepitation methods. Special techniques have been developed for hydrocarbon‐bearing inclusions such as the Grains containing Oil Inclusions (GOI), Fluid Inclusion Stratigraphy (FIS), and the Molecular Composition of Inclusions (MCI) techniques. The fluid inclusions that form in some minerals during diagenesis provide the only direct means of examining the fluids present in these systems. They provide useful temperature, pressure, and fluid composition data that cannot be obtained by other means.
Audit Report Restrictions in Debt Covenants
Authors: Menon Krishnagopal , Williams David D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWhile the debt‐contracting literature has extensively examined financial covenants, there has been little attention paid to audit‐related covenants. We focus on a covenant that restricts the borrower from receiving a going‐concern audit report (GCAR covenant). We hypothesize that a debt agreement is more likely to include a GCAR covenant as the borrower's credit quality decreases and the length of the loan period increases, and that it is more likely to impose a covenant restricting the choice of auditor when the debt includes a GCAR covenant. Also, we expect that an audit client with a GCAR covenant will be charged a higher audit fee and is more likely to receive a going‐concern audit report. We test these hypotheses on a sample of firms that issue private debt. Our results generally support our hypotheses. Our study suggests that lenders rely on the auditor's assessment in contracting, and audit‐related covenants influence auditor behavior.
Effect sizes and standardization in neighbourhood models of forest stands: potential biases and misinterpretations
Authors: Stoll Peter , Murrell David J. , Newbery David M. 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Effects of conspecific neighbours on survival and growth of trees have been found to be related to species abundance. Both positive and negative relationships may explain observed abundance patterns. Surprisingly, it is rarely tested whether such relationships could be biased or even spurious due to transforming neighbourhood variables or influences of spatial aggregation, distance decay of neighbour effects and standardization of effect sizes.

To investigate potential biases, communities of 20 identical species were simulated with log‐series abundances but without species‐specific interactions. No relationship of conspecific neighbour effects on survival or growth with species abundance was expected. Survival and growth of individuals was simulated in random and aggregated spatial patterns using no, linear, or squared distance decay of neighbour effects.

Regression coefficients of statistical neighbourhood models were unbiased and unrelated to species abundance. However, variation in the number of conspecific neighbours was positively or negatively related to species abundance depending on transformations of neighbourhood variables, spatial pattern and distance decay. Consequently, effect sizes and standardized regression coefficients, often used in model fitting across large numbers of species, were also positively or negatively related to species abundance depending on transformation of neighbourhood variables, spatial pattern and distance decay.

Tests using randomized tree positions and identities provide the best benchmarks by which to critically evaluate relationships of effect sizes or standardized regression coefficients with tree species abundance. This will better guard against potential misinterpretations.
Alcohol Attributable Fraction for Injury Morbidity from the Dose‐Response Relationship of Acute Alcohol Consumption: Emergency Department Data from 18 Countries
Authors: Cherpitel Cheryl J. , Ye Yu , Bond Jason , Borges Guilherme , Monteiro Maristela , Chou Patricia , Hao Wei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsTo calculate the alcohol‐attributable fraction (AAF) of injury morbidity by volume of consumption prior to injury based on newly reported relative risk (RR) estimates.DesignAAF estimates based on the dose‐response RR estimates obtained from previous pair‐matched case‐crossover fractional polynomial analysis of mean volume in volume categories were calculated from the prevalence of drinking prior to injury in each volume category.SettingThirty‐seven emergency departments (EDs) across 18 countries.ParticipantsProbability samples of patients, with equal representation of each shift for each day of the week, totaling 14,026 who arrived at the ED within six hours of injury from ED studies conducted between 2001 and 2011.MeasurementsAAF was analyzed by gender, age (18‐30; >30), cause of injury (traffic, assault, fall, other), and country detrimental drinking pattern (DDP).FindingsFor the EDs analyzed, 16.4% of all injuries were estimated to be attributable to alcohol, and the AAF did not vary by age but was over twice as large for males (20.6%; 19.3‐21.8) than for females (8.6%; 7.5‐9.7%). While females were at greater risk of injury than males at higher volume levels, lower prevalence of women drinking at higher levels contributed to overall lower AAF for women. Assault‐related injuries showed the largest AAF (44.1%; 37.6‐42.6). AAF was slightly higher for injuries from falls (14.3%; 12.9‐15.7) than motor vehicle crashes (11.1%; 9.3‐12.9). AAF was higher in those countries with a DDP of 3 (18.6; 17.5‐19.7) and 4 (19.4%; 17.3‐21.6) than those with a DDP of 2 (12.0%; 10.5‐13.5).ConclusionsAlcohol‐attributable injuries presenting in emergency departments are higher for males than females, for violence‐related injuries compared with other types of injury, and for countries with more detrimental drinking patterns compared with those with less detrimental patterns.
Farm exposures are associated with lower percentage of circulating myeloid dendritic cell subtype 2 at age 6
Authors: Martikainen M.‐V. , Kääriö H. , Karvonen A. , Schröder P. C. , Renz H. , Kaulek V. , Dalphin J.‐C. , von Mutius E. , Schaub B. , Pekkanen J. , Hirvonen M.‐R. , Roponen M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundEarly life farm exposures have been shown to decrease the risk of allergic diseases. Dendritic cells (DCs) may mediate asthma‐protective effect of farm exposures as they play an important role in the development of immunity and tolerance. Our aim was to investigate whether the numbers and phenotypes of circulating DCs at age 6 are associated with farming, asthma, and atopy in a selected sample of French and Finnish children from the PASTURE study.MethodsWe studied 82 farm and 86 nonfarm children with and without asthma. Using flow cytometry, BDCA1+ CD11c+ myeloid DC1s (mDC1), BDCA3+high mDC2s and BDCA2+ plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) were identified and expressions of CD86, immunoglobulin‐like transcript 3 (ILT3) and ILT4 were analyzed. Questionnaires were used to assess prenatal and lifetime patterns of farm exposures and to define asthma. Atopic sensitization was defined by specific IgE measurements.ResultsThe percentage of mDC2 cells was lower in farm children (0.033 ± 0.001) than in nonfarm children (0.042 ± 0.001; P = 0.008). Similar associations were found between mDC2 percentage and prenatal (P = 0.02) and lifetime exposure to farm milk (P = 0.03) and stables (P = 0.003), but these associations were not independent from farming. Asthma was positively associated with ILT4 + mDCs (P = 0.04) and negatively with CD86 + pDCs (P = 0.048) but only in nonfarm children.ConclusionsInverse association between farm exposure and mDC2 percentage suggest that this DC subset may play a role in farm‐related immunoregulation.
Cell proliferation, measured as flow cytometric S‐phase fraction, is a strong prognostic indicator in FIGO stage I endometrioid endometrial carcinoma: a population‐based study
Authors: Green Rasmus W. , Engblom Sanna , Baldetorp Bo , Hartman Linda , Måsbäck Anna , Bjurberg Maria 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionIn early‐stage endometrial carcinoma, there is controversy regarding the prognostic value of the flow cytometric variables DNA ploidy (diploid vs. aneuploid) and S‐phase fraction. In Sweden, the former is included in national guidelines despite poor scientific support and the latter is not used clinically. This study investigates the prognostic properties of these variables, together with classical histopathological variables, in multivariate analysis in a stringently stratified material.Material and methodsConsecutive, population‐based patient material restricted to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 stage I endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (n = 1140) was retrospectively collected from routinely reported data from medical records. Data on age, FIGO stage, degree of differentiation, S‐phase fraction, DNA ploidy status, and adjuvant treatment were included in the study. Cumulative incidence curves with other causes of death as a competing risk were used for univariable analysis for the primary endpoint endometrial cancer death. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used for multivariate modeling of all endpoints, and for univariable analysis for the secondary endpoints overall survival and time to progression.ResultsAn S‐phase fraction value of >5.5% was associated with worse outcome (for endometrial cancer death: hazard ratio 2.25; 95% CI 1.38−3.67; p = 0.001, adjusted) and DNA ploidy status was not, for all endpoints tested.ConclusionsIn FIGO stage I endometrioid endometrial carcinoma, DNA ploidy status had no prognostic value, whereas the S‐phase fraction may be used to identify those with a higher risk of adverse clinical outcome.
‘It makes a difference, coming here’: A qualitative exploration of clinic attendance among young adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hynes Lisa , Byrne Molly , Casey Dympna , Dinneen Sean F. , O'Hara Mary Clare 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveYoung adulthood is a time of significant challenges and risks for people with type 1 diabetes. Poor outpatient clinic attendance is common among young adults with type 1 diabetes. The aim of this qualitative study was to develop a theory explaining attendance at a hospital‐based diabetes clinic.DesignUsing a grounded theory methodology, data were collected through semi‐structured qualitative interviews.MethodTwenty‐nine people (21 young adults with type 1 diabetes and eight service providers) from one hospital‐based diabetes clinic were interviewed. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analysed according to grounded theory methodology.ResultsRelationships between young adults and service providers is the core category of this theory. Collaborative relationships between young adults and service providers increased the perceived value of attendance and reduced the vulnerability of young adults to the barriers within the existing service, such as meeting unfamiliar service providers. Relationships between young adults and service providers were developed following opportunities for contact (e.g., structured education programme or crisis of diabetes), and facilitated engagement with the service and further attendance. Barriers to clinic attendance included young adults’ negative perceptions of their diabetes self‐management and a lack of value associated with attending.ConclusionThe diabetes clinic was described as an important and valued resource by young adults and service providers. Collaborative relationships between young adults and service providers enhanced service provision in this study. According to the results of this study, clinic attendance may be improved by increasing opportunities for relationship development between service providers and young adults.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Attendance by young adults at hospital‐based diabetes clinics is important to support self‐management.

Young adults with type 1 diabetes are at risk of clinic non‐attendance.

What does this study add?

This study presents an explanatory theory of clinic attendance among young adults with type 1 diabetes.According to this theory:

Barriers within existing models of service delivery prevent collaboration and may contribute to non‐attendance.

Relationships between service users and providers can establish or maintain regular clinic attendance by fostering the engagement of young adults with diabetes clinics.
Experimental design and analysis and their reporting: new guidance for publication in BJP
Authors: Curtis Michael J , Bond Richard A , Spina Domenico , Ahluwalia Amrita , Alexander Stephen P A , Giembycz Mark A , Gilchrist Annette , Hoyer Daniel , Insel Paul A , Izzo Angelo A , Lawrence Andrew J , MacEwan David J , Moon Lawrence D F , Wonnacott Sue , Weston Arthur H , McGrath John C 
Published: June 2015

Linked EditorialsThis Editorial is part of a series. To view the other Editorials in this series, visit: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12956/abstract; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12954/abstract; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12955/abstract and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.13112/abstract