bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Molecular Microbiologic Technique for the Rapid Diagnosis of Microbial Invasion of the Amniotic Cavity and Intra‐Amniotic Infection in Preterm Labor with Intact Membranes
Authors: Romero Roberto , Miranda Jezid , Chaiworapongsa Tinnakorn , Chaemsaithong Piya , Gotsch Francesca , Dong Zhong , Ahmed Ahmed I. , Yoon Bo Hyun , Hassan Sonia S. , Kim Chong Jai , Korzeniewski Steven J. , Yeo Lami 
Published: January 2014

ProblemThe diagnosis of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) has been traditionally performed using traditional cultivation techniques, which require growth of microorganisms in the laboratory. Shortcomings of culture methods include the time required (days) for identification of microorganisms, and that many microbes involved in the genesis of human diseases are difficult to culture. A novel technique combines broad‐range real‐time polymerase chain reaction with electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI‐MS) to identify and quantify genomic material from bacteria and viruses.Method of studyAF samples obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis from 142 women with preterm labor and intact membranes (PTL) were analyzed using cultivation techniques (aerobic, anaerobic, and genital mycoplasmas) as well as PCR/ESI‐MS. The prevalence and relative magnitude of intra‐amniotic inflammation [AF interleukin 6 (IL‐6) concentration ≥ 2.6 ng/mL], acute histologic chorioamnionitis, spontaneous preterm delivery, and perinatal mortality were examined.Results(i) The prevalence of MIAC in patients with PTL was 7% using standard cultivation techniques and 12% using PCR/ESI‐MS; (ii) seven of ten patients with positive AF culture also had positive PCR/ESI‐MS [≥17 genome equivalents per PCR reaction well (GE/well)]; (iii) patients with positive PCR/ESI‐MS (≥17 GE/well) and negative AF cultures had significantly higher rates of intra‐amniotic inflammation and acute histologic chorioamnionitis, a shorter interval to delivery [median (interquartile range‐IQR)], and offspring at higher risk of perinatal mortality, than women with both tests negative [90% (9/10) versus 32% (39/122) OR: 5.6; 95% CI: 1.4–22; (P < 0.001); 70% (7/10) versus 35% (39/112); (P = 0.04); 1 (IQR: <1–2) days versus 25 (IQR: 5–51) days; (P = 0.002), respectively]; (iv) there were no significant differences in these outcomes between patients with positive PCR/ESI‐MS (≥17 GE/well) who had negative AF cultures and those with positive AF cultures; and (v) PCR/ESI‐MS detected genomic material from viruses in two patients (1.4%).Conclusion(i) Rapid diagnosis of intra‐amniotic infection is possible using PCR/ESI‐MS; (ii) the combined use of biomarkers of inflammation and PCR/ESI‐MS allows for the identification of specific bacteria and viruses in women with preterm labor and intra‐amniotic infection; and (iii) this approach may allow for administration of timely and specific interventions to reduce morbidity attributed to infection‐induced preterm birth.
Diazoxon Disrupts the Expression and Distribution of βIII‐Tubulin and MAP 1B in Differentiating N2a Cells
Authors: Sachana Magdalini , Sidiropoulou Erasmia , Flaskos John , Harris Wayne , Robinson Alex J. , Woldehiwet Zerai , Hargreaves Alan J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study aimed at assessing the effects of diazoxon (DZO), a major metabolite of the insecticide diazinon (DZ), on key cytoskeletal proteins in differentiating N2a neuroblastoma cells. Initial experiments established that sublethal concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 μM DZO produced profound inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Densitometric scanning of probed immunoblots of N2a cell lysates demonstrated that DZO had no effect on total β‐tubulin levels. However, probing with a monoclonal antibody that recognised specifically the βIII‐tubulin isotype revealed that 10 μM DZO induced a significant reduction in the levels of this particular form. Levels of polyglutamylated tubulin were not altered. Exposure to 10 μM DZO also decreased the expression of microtubule‐associated protein 1B (MAP 1B). However, DZO had no effect on the expression of MAP tau. DZO also failed to affect the levels neurofilament light (NFL) and neurofilament medium (NFM) chain levels. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated that the staining of neurites in treated cells was weaker than in the controls for βIII‐tubulin. In conclusion, DZO disrupts the microtubule (MT) network affecting the expression and distribution of two specific MT proteins known to be important in neuritogenesis. DZO may contribute to the developmental neurotoxicity seen following exposure to DZ.
Testing the effects of message framing, kernel state, and exercise guideline adherence on exercise intentions and resolve
Authors: de Bruijn Gert‐Jan , Out Kim , Rhodes Ryan E. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo study the effects of framed messages on exercise intention and resolve.DesignTwo (type of frame: gain or loss) × 2 (type of kernel state: desirable or undesirable outcome) post‐test study.MethodsParticipants were recruited online and questioned about their previous exercise behaviour and their exercise risk perception. After this, they were randomly allocated to one of four messages that were different in terms of positive or negative outcomes (type of frame) and in terms of attained or avoided outcomes (type of kernel state). After reading the message, participants indicated their intention and resolve to engage in sufficient exercise.ResultsNo effects were found for intention. For resolve, there was a significant interaction between type of frame, type of kernel state, and exercise adherence. Those who did not adhere to the exercise guideline and read the loss‐framed message with attained outcomes reported significantly higher resolve than all other participants.ConclusionsThis study indicates the relevance of including attained outcomes in message framing exercise interventions as well as a focus on exercise resolve.Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Message framing is commonly used to increase exercise intentions and behaviour.

Meta‐analyses do not provide consistent support for this theory.

Very little attention has been paid to resolve and message factors on framing effects.

What does this study add?

Framed messages have an effect on exercise resolve, but not on intention.
Loss‐framed messages with attained outcomes are most persuasive for those who do not adhere to exercise guidelines.
Exercise framing studies should include behavioural resolve next to intention.
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Looking ahead from age 6 to 13: A deeper insight into the development of planning ability
Authors: Unterrainer Josef M. , Kaller Christoph P. , Loosli Sandra V. , Heinze Katharina , Ruh Nina , Paschke‐Müller Mirjam , Rauh Reinhold , Biscaldi Monica , Rahm Benjamin 
Published: January 2014

Planning ability gradually increases throughout childhood. However, it remains unknown whether this is attributable to global factors such as an increased ability and willingness to inhibit premature, impulsive responding, or due to the availability of specific planning operations, such as being able to mentally plan ahead more steps (‘search depth’) or to derive a clear temporal order of goals by the task layout (‘goal hierarchy’). Here, we studied the development of planning ability with respect to these global and problem‐specific aspects (search depth and goal hierarchy) of performance in 178 children from 6 to 13 years using the Tower of London task. As expected, global performance gradually developed with age. In accordance, planning durations increasingly reflected global problem demands with longer pre‐planning in harder problems. Furthermore, specific planning parameters revealed that children were increasingly capable of mentally searching ahead more steps. In contrast, the ability to derive a goal hierarchy did not show age‐related changes. While the global development of planning performance and adaptive planning durations were proposed to primarily reflect enhanced self‐monitoring, the specific increase in search depth across childhood that most likely proceeds until young adult age represents more directly planning‐related processes. Thus, development of planning ability is supported by multiple contributions.
Why do we still need a census? Views from the age of “truthiness” and the “death of evidence”
Authors: Walton‐Roberts Margaret , Beaujot Roderic , Hiebert Daniel , McDaniel Susan , Rose Damaris , Wright Richard 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis viewpoint reports on a multidisciplinary panel held at the 2012 CAG/Congress meeting that brought together a number of researchers with important expertise on census‐related issues. They were asked to tackle the question: “Why do we still need a census?” Their presentations generated dialogue based on both Canadian and international experiences with recent changes in census data collection approaches. The article presents some cautionary observations regarding “the death of evidence” in an age of politicized “truthiness.”
Bis (histidine) with N2 Vehicle: An Important Skeleton for MR/Chelation Therapy
Authors: Srivastava Pooja , Tiwari Anjani K. , Thukral Dipti Kakkar , Kumar Vikas , Mishra Anil K. 
Published: January 2014

Bis (histidine) ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, EDTA‐bis (amide) analog, has been synthesized starting from with EDTA bis‐anhydride and protected histidine and evaluated in vitro as an important agent for MR and chelation therapy. The kinetic inertness of compound was analyzed by the exchange reactions with the essential metals of human body. The stability and protonation constants of the complexes formed between the ligand and M3+ and M2+ have been determined by pH potentiometry and spectrophotometry at 25 °C and constant ionic strength maintained with 0.10 m KCl. The in vivo stability and metabolite profile were confirmed in plasma and serum.
Single cell-derived clones from human adipose stem cells present different immunomodulatory properties
Authors: Sempere J M , Martinez-Peinado P , Arribas M I , Reig J A , De La Sen M L , Zubcoff J J , Fraga M F , Fernández A F , Santana A , Roche E 
Published: January 2014

SummaryHuman adipose mesenchymal stem cells are a heterogeneous population, where cell cultures derived from single-cell-expanded clones present varying degrees of differential plasticity. This work focuses on the immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory properties of these cells. To this end, five single-cell clones were isolated (generally called 1.X and 3.X) from two volunteers. Regarding the expression level of the lineage-characteristic surface antigens, clones 1·10 and 1·22 expressed the lowest amounts, while clones 3·10 and 3·5 expressed more CD105 than the rest and clone 1·7 expressed higher amounts of CD73 and CD44. Regarding cytokine secretion, all clones were capable of spontaneously releasing high levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and low to moderate levels of IL-8. These differences can be explained in part by the distinct methylation profile exhibited by the clones. Furthermore, and after lipopolysaccharide stimulation, clone 3.X produced the highest amounts of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, while clones 1·10 and 1·22 highly expressed IL-4 and IL-5. In co-culture experiments, clones 1.X are, together, more potent inhibitors than clones 3.X for proliferation of total, CD3+T, CD4+T and CD8+T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. The results of this work indicate that the adipose stem cell population is heterogeneous in cytokine production profile, and that isolation, characterization and selection of the appropriate cell clone is a more exact method for the possible treatment of different patients or pathologies.
Neuromyelitis optica: clinical features, immunopathogenesis and treatment
Authors: Jarius S , Wildemann B , Paul F 
Published: January 2014

Summary
The term ‘neuromyelitis optica’ (‘Devic's syndrome’, NMO) refers to a syndrome characterized by optic neuritis and myelitis. In recent years, the condition has raised enormous interest among scientists and clinical neurologists, fuelled by the detection of a specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G reactivity (NMO-IgG) in up to 80% of patients with NMO. These autoantibodies were later shown to target aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the most abundant water channel in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we give an up-to-date overview of the clinical and paraclinical features, immunopathogenesis and treatment of NMO. We discuss the widening clinical spectrum of AQP4-related autoimmunity, the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and new diagnostic means such as optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of NMO, the role of NMO-IgG, T cells and granulocytes in the pathophysiology of NMO, and outline prospects for new and emerging therapies for this rare, but often devastating condition.
Circulating Apelin is increased in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and is associated with better glycaemic control
Authors: Habchi Marana , Duvillard Laurence , Cottet Vanessa , Brindisi Marie‐Claude , Bouillet Benjamin , Beacco Maud , Crevisy Elodie , Buffier Perrine , Baillot‐Rudoni Sabine , Verges Bruno , Petit Jean‐Michel 
Published: January 2014

SummaryContextApelin is an adipokine expressed in several tissues and it appears to be involved in energy metabolism.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine serum apelin levels in a large cohort of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and control subjects and to correlate the results with glycaemic control.Design and ParticipantsOne hundred and thirty patients with type 1 diabetes, 98 patients with type 2 diabetes and 162 controls were enrolled in the study. Apelin levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsSerum apelin levels were significantly higher in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients than in controls (P < 0·0001). Serum apelin levels were higher in type 1 than in type 2 diabetic patients (P = 0·02). In multivariate analysis, serum apelin levels were higher in patients with type 1 diabetes and in patients with type 2 diabetes versus controls. We found a negative correlation between glycosylated haemoglobin and serum apelin levels in all diabetic patients (r = −0·17, P = 0·008) and in patients with type 2 diabetes (r = −0·24 P = 0·01). No correlation was found in type 1 diabetic patients.ConclusionOur study showed that apelin concentrations were increased in diabetic patients. This rise, which was greater in type 1 than in type 2 diabetic patients, suggests that obesity is not the main determinant of plasma apelin levels. The negative correlation with glycosylated haemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes could indicate that apelin plays a role in glycaemic balance and even insulin sensitivity.
Spondylocostal dysostosis with tetralogy of Fallot and herniation of the spleen through the diaphragm
Authors: Nagasawa Hiroyuki , Koyama Toshinari , Sasai Hideo , Kohno Yoshinori , Yamamoto Yutaka , Kondo Masashi , Sugawara Masami , Terazawa Daisuke , Miura Ryosuke 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSpondylocostal dysostosis (SCD) is a very rare syndrome characterized by vertebral malformation and rib deformity. Some of the patients with SCD have other birth defects in the central nervous system, the genitourinary tract, diaphragm or heart and so forth. There have been reported SCD with complex congenital heart disease, such as pulmonary atresia, double outlet right ventricle, and d‐transposition of great arteries. However, there have been no reported SCD patients with confirmed tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Here, a patient with SCD having a very rare combination of rib defects on the right side and left‐sided scoliosis, tetralogy of Fallot, and diaphragmatic spleen herniation, which had not been reported before, was described.
Comparison of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and bone metabolism mediators around titanium and zirconia dental implant abutments following a minimum of 6 months of clinical function
Authors: Barwacz Christopher A. , Brogden Kim A. , Stanford Clark M. , Dawson Deborah V. , Recker Erica N. , Blanchette Derek 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectivesDental implant abutments are fundamental prosthetic components within dentistry that require optimal biocompatibility. The primary aim of this cross‐sectional study was to preliminarily assess differences in the pro‐inflammatory cytokine and bone metabolism mediator protein expression in the peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) adjacent to transmucosal abutments.Material and MethodsAbutments were fabricated from either titanium or zirconia in patients previously receiving single‐tooth implant therapy. All subjects sampled in this study had an identical implant system and implant–abutment connection. Participants (n = 46) had an average time of clinical function for 22 months (6.2–72.8 months, ±SD 17 months) and received a clinical and radiographic examination of the implant site at the time of PICF sampling using a paper strip‐based sampling technique. Cytokine, chemokine, and bone metabolism mediator quantities (picograms/30 s) were determined using a commercial 22‐multiplexed fluorescent bead‐based immunoassay instrument. A total of 19 pro‐inflammatory cytokines and seven bone metabolism mediators were evaluated.ResultsMultivariable analyses provided no evidence of a group (titanium or zirconia), gender, or age effect with regard to the expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators evaluated. Significant (P = 0.022) differences were observed for the bone mediator leptin, with titanium abutments demonstrating significantly elevated levels in comparison with zirconia. Osteopontin demonstrated a significant (P = 0.0044) correlation with age of the subjects.ConclusionsNo significant differences in pro‐inflammatory cytokine or bone metabolism mediator profiles were observed biochemically, with the exception of leptin, for the abutment biomaterials of titanium or zirconia The molecular PICF findings support the observed clinical biocompatibility of both titanium and zirconia abutments.
Diabetes and pregnancy: perspectives from Asia
Authors: Tutino G. E. , Tam W. H. , Yang X. , Chan J. C. N. , Lao T. T. H. , Ma R. C. W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThere has been a marked increase in the prevalence of diabetes in Asia over recent years. Diabetes complicating pregnancy, in particular gestational diabetes, has also increased markedly in the region. Multi‐ethnic studies have highlighted the increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among the different Asian populations. Prevalence of gestational diabetes in Asian countries varies substantially according to the screening strategy and diagnostic criteria applied, and ranges from 1% to 20%, with evidence of an increasing trend over recent years. The International Association for Diabetes in Pregnancy Study group criteria have been adopted by some Asian countries, although they present significant challenges in implementation, especially in low‐resource settings. Studies on offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes have reported adverse cardiometabolic profiles and increased risk of diabetes and obesity. Gestational diabetes is likely to be a significant factor contributing to the epidemic of diabetes and other non‐communicable diseases in the Asian region. In recognition of this, several large‐scale prevention and intervention programmes are currently being implemented in different Asian countries in order to improve glucose control during pregnancy, as well as overall maternal health. Lessons emerging from gestational diabetes studies in Asia may help inform and provide insights on the overall burden and treatment strategies to target gestational diabetes, with the ultimate aim to reduce its adverse short‐ and long‐term consequences.
A severe canker disease of Corymbia ficifolia caused by Quambalaria coyrecup in native and urban forests of Western Australia
Authors: Yulia E. , Hardy G. E. St. J. , Barber P. , Dell B. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryA serious canker disease is affecting the health of Corymbia ficifolia in urban areas of Perth, Western Australia. Quambalaria coyrecup was frequently associated with diseased trees and its presence confirmed by morphological characters and DNA sequencing. A number of Quambalaria species have previously been identified as causal agents of canker and shoot blight diseases on a range of Eucalyptus and Corymbia species. It was therefore the aim, using glasshouse studies, to determine whether Q. coyrecup was the primary causal agent of the cankers on C. ficifolia and whether other Quambalaria species could also be associated with the disease. All seedlings inoculated with Q. coyrecup produced canker symptoms within 1 month after inoculation. Canker lesions typical of those observed in the field also occurred in the four subsequent months, after which time the trial was terminated. Inoculation with Q. cyanescens and Q. pitereka (isolated from C. ficifolia shoots) did not result in lesion development. This study establishes that Q. coyrecup is a serious pathogen of C. ficifolia and that wounding is required for canker development to occur. The management of Quambalaria canker must therefore include the minimization of artificial wounding of trees in the nursery and field.
Ictal spread of medial temporal lobe seizures with and without secondary generalization: An intracranial electroencephalography analysis
Authors: Yoo Ji Yeoun , Farooque Pue , Chen William C. , Youngblood Mark W. , Zaveri Hitten P. , Gerrard Jason L. , Spencer Dennis D. , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Blumenfeld Hal 
Published: January 2014

SummaryObjectiveSecondary generalization of seizures has devastating consequences for patient safety and quality of life. The aim of this intracranial electroencephalography (icEEG) study was to investigate the differences in onset and propagation patterns of temporal lobe seizures that remained focal versus those with secondary generalization, in order to better understand the mechanism of secondary generalization.MethodsA total of 39 seizures were analyzed in nine patients who met the following criteria: (1) icEEG‐video monitoring with at least one secondarily generalized tonic–clonic seizure (GTCS), (2) pathologically proven hippocampal sclerosis, and (3) no seizures for at least 1 year after anteromedial temporal lobe resection. Seizures were classified as focal or secondary generalized by behavioral analysis of video. Onset and propagation patterns were compared by analysis of icEEG.ResultsWe obtained data from 22 focal seizures without generalization (FS), and 17 GTCS. Seizure‐onset patterns did not differ between FS and GTCS, but there were differences in later propagation. All seizures started with low voltage fast activity, except for seven seizures in one patient (six FS, one GTCS), which started with sharply contoured theta activity. Fifteen of 39 seizures started from the hippocampus, and 24 seizures (including six seizures in a patient without hippocampal contacts) started from other medial temporal lobe areas. We observed involvement or more prominent activation of the posterior‐lateral temporal regions in GTCS prior to propagation to the other cortical regions, versus FS, which had no involvement or less prominent activation of the posterior lateral temporal cortex. Occipital contacts were not involved at the time of clinical secondary generalization.SignificanceThe posterior‐lateral temporal cortex may serve as an important “gateway” controlling propagation of medial temporal lobe seizures to other cortical regions. Identifying the mechanisms of secondary generalization of focal seizures could lead to improved treatments to confine seizure spread.