bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Digesting Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans on Plasticity in Cat Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Vorobyov Vasily , Kwok Jessica C.F. , Fawcett James W. , Sengpiel Frank 
Published: January 2013

Monocular deprivation (MD) during a critical period of postnatal development produces significant changes in the anatomy and physiology of the visual cortex, and the deprived eye becomes amblyopic. Extracellular matrix molecules have a major role in restricting plasticity such that the ability to recover from MD decreases with age. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) act as barriers to cell migration and axon growth. Previous studies showing that degradation of CSPGs by the bacterial enzyme chondroitinase can restore plasticity in the adult rat visual cortex suggest a potential treatment for amblyopia.Here MD was imposed in cats from the start of the critical period until 3.5 months of age. The deprived eye was reopened, the functional architecture of the visual cortex was assessed by optical imaging of intrinsic signals, and chondroitinase was injected into one hemisphere. Imaging was repeated 1 and 2 weeks postinjection, and visually evoked potentials (VEPs) and single-cell activity were recorded.Immunohistochemistry showed that digestion of CSPGs had been successful. After 2 weeks of binocular exposure, some recovery of deprived-eye responses occurred when chondroitinase had been injected into the hemisphere contralateral to that eye; when injected into the ipsilateral hemisphere, no recovery was seen. Deprived-eye VEPs were no larger in the injected hemisphere than in the opposite hemisphere. The small number of neurons dominated by the deprived eye exhibited poor tuning characteristics.These results suggest that despite structural effects of chondroitinase in adult cat V1, plasticity was not sufficiently restored to enable significant functional recovery of the deprived eye.
Antitumoral drug loaded in TEOS nanoparticles
Authors: Araújo Ana Paula V. , Lunardi Claure N. , Gomes Anderson J. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTMethotrexate (MTX), is a potent immunomodulating drug and widely used in the treatment of cancer, psoriasis and others disease. Despite its efficacy, the use of MTX is greatly limited due to its toxicity. To solve this problem, we prepared nanoparticles of tetraethyl orthosilicate (NP-TEOS) containing the compound methotrexate (MTX), by the sol-gel method. This drug delivery system (DDS) showed a loading efficiency of 39.7%. Size distribution studies were performed with dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy revealing that these particles were spherical in shape, with a mean diameter between 140-430 nm and a low polydispersity (0.12 – 0.26). Also the particles displayed a low tendency toward aggregation which was confirmed by the low zeta potential -61.4 mV. Profile release showed a slow release loaded with MTX (PBS buffer pH = 7.4). The slow release can be attributed to the low porosity of the NP-TEOS and the extremely low diffusivity of MTX in aqueous media. B16-F10 cells were used to assay the toxicity and uptake of NP-TEOS showing to be nontoxic without MTX making a good candidate for DDS.
Endoscopic resection of colloid cyst in normal-sized ventricular system
Authors: Margetis Konstantinos , Souweidane Mark M. 
Published: January 2013

Endoscopic resection of colloid cyst in patients with normal-sized ventricular system is challenging, because the limited intraventricular space increases the risk of injuring eloquent nervous structures and critical blood vessels. The utilization of frameless stereotaxy and tissue shaving device facilitates the procedure. An important operative step is the ventricular insufflation that allows for an endoscope introduction without causing inadvertent injury to the caudate nucleus. The attached clip shows the basic operative steps of the procedure. In this clip the solid colloid cyst contents necessitated an en-block colloid cyst resection, in lieu of initially aspirating the cyst contents and subsequently removing the cyst walls.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/zzYYZEsd-uk.
Endoscopic treatment of a third ventricle choroid plexus cyst
Authors: de Lara Danielle , Ditzel Filho Leo F. S. , Muto Jun , Prevedello Daniel M. 
Published: January 2013

Choroid plexus cysts are frequent benign intraventricular lesions that infrequently cause symptoms, usually in the form of obstructive hydrocephalus. These instances are even less common in the adult population. When warranted, treatment seeks to reestablish cerebrospinal fluid flow and does not necessarily require resection of the cyst itself. Hence, endoscopic exploration of the ventricles with subsequent cyst ablation is the current treatment of choice for these lesions.Herein we present the case of a 25-year-old female patient with a 3-week history of intermittent headaches. Investigation with computerized tomography (CT) of the head detected supratentorial hydrocephalus, with enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a homogeneous cystic lesion in the third ventricle. A right-sided, pre-coronal burr hole was carried out, followed by endoscopic exploration of the ventricular system. A third-ventriclostomy was performed. With the aid of the 30-degrees endoscope, a cyst arising from the choroid plexus was visualized along the posterior portion of the third ventricle, obstructing the aqueduct opening. The cyst was cauterized until significant reduction of its dimensions was achieved and the aqueduct opening was liberated. Postoperative recovery was without incident and resolution of the hydrocephalus was confirmed by CT imaging. The patient reports complete improvement of her headaches and has been uneventfully followed since surgery.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/XBtj_SqY07Q.
Microsurgical resection of giant intraventricular meningioma
Authors: Liu James K. 
Published: January 2013

Intraventricular meningiomas are rare tumors, accounting for approximately 0.5 to 3% of all intracranial meningiomas. The majority arise in the atrium of the lateral ventricle. The surgical management of these tumors remains a considerable challenge because of their deep location and proximity to critical structures. Complete resection, if safely possible, should be the goal of surgery since this results in the best rates of local control. Although various approaches exist to access the lateral ventricular system, selection of the optimal approach should be individualized to the patient based upon the location of the tumor within the ventricle, the tumor size, the origin of the vascular supply to the tumor, and the relationship to neighboring neurovascular structures at risk. In this operative video manuscript, the author demonstrates an illustrative step-by-step technique for microsurgical resection of a giant intraventricular meningioma of the left atrium via a transcortical parieto-occipital approach. The patient illustrated in this video presented with a large recurrent meningioma (> 5 cm) approximately 10 years after the initial resection. The tumor had grown around a pre-existing shunt catheter and resulted in loculated hydrocephalus. A complete resection and shunt revision were both performed at the same sitting. The operative technique and surgical nuances, including the surgical approach, intradural tumor removal, closure, and management of hydrocephalus are illustrated in this video atlas.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/vpdmZ1ccWSM.
Beauté et Différenciation
Authors: Esmein Bernard 
Published: January 2013

Résumé La nature a souvent servi de modèle aux normes esthétiques, mais sa complexité même et sa foison en fait la source d’idées très différentes : l’harmonie inhérente à l’organisation du vivant, la variété comme source du sentiment de beauté, ou enfin, avec le Zen par exemple, une recherche de l’inspiration dans l’irrégularité même de la nature. Mais certaines de ces théories semblent mieux résister et montrer les paradoxes aux quels les autres parviennent. C’est celles qui reposent sur la variété, ou mieux la différenciation, où un principe – qu’on l’appelle changement, variation, déséquilibre, irrégularité – amène de la différenciation et de la transformation dans l’être. Car sans différenciation, comme le montre Darwin, pas de beauté. Cette puissance transformatrice immanente de la nature serait donc source de l’émotion esthétique, et le jugement esthétique intimement lié au plaisir de la différenciation.
Illusions et exigences du jugement esthétique
Authors: Citot Vincent 
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’appréciation esthétique oscille le plus souvent, tel un pendule, entre deux sortes d’illusions : celle de l’objectivité du beau (comme si la beauté pouvait être un attribut de la chose même), et celle de sa subjectivité (selon la formule du relativisme : « à chacun ses goûts »). Il s’agit ici de penser les critères du jugement de goût par-delà le réalisme dogmatique et le relativisme nihiliste, à la faveur d’un relativisme hiérarchique . Le sentiment du beau s’inscrit dans un contexte social, historique et psychologique, certes, mais il y a quelque chose d’universel dans la relativité du beau. Tous les goûts ne se valent pas, et les critères de la hiérarchisation des jugements de goûts sont immanents à l’activité de juger comme telle. L’article cherche à préciser ces critères.
Le mystère de l'expérience du beau
Authors: Obadia Claude 
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’expérience de la beauté n’est-elle pas d’abord celle de la liberté ? Le beau ne me ravit-il pas précisément par sa capacité d’abolir la distance qui m’en sépare ? Comment expliquer un tel prodige? Telle est la question, à laquelle nous répondrons que cette expérience est d’abord une expérience perceptive – ce qui conduit forcément à interroger l’expérience de la beauté du point de vue de l’objet, mais aussi du point de vue du sujet. Le beau n’est-il pas, en effet (premier point de vue), une multiplicité dont nous peinons à dégager l’unité ? Et le jugement relatif au beau (second point de vue), n’est-il pas quant à lui ce qui semble subjectif mais dont nous présupposons pourtant, sans toujours le réfléchir clairement, l’objectivité ? Autant de questions génériques à même de nous initier au mystère de la beauté.
Le marché des égaux : un aspect socialiste de l'échange républicain
Authors: Bourdeau Vincent 
Published: January 2013

Résumé La défense du marché dans la tradition socialiste libérale est instrumentale : le marché est toléré lorsqu’il permet de produire des richesses en abondance que l’on peut redistribuer ex post . De son côté, la justification républicaine du marché, telle que présentée dans les travaux de Pettit, vise à réduire la domination dans l’échange. Cet article soutient qu’une telle justification nécessite d’être renforcée en l’adossant à un égalitarisme matériel, garant d’un échange entre égaux, établi ex ante .
Deux approches de l'influence du discours économique sur les phénomènes sociaux
Authors: Brisset Nicolas 
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’influence des discours théoriques sur leur objet d’étude est une particularité propre aux sciences sociales : le simple fait de formuler un discours sur le monde social entraîne des changements au sein de ce dernier. En économie, ce phénomène a fait l’objet de traitements variés. Récemment, une frange de la sociologie économique a pris le parti d’étudier le monde économique comme encastré dans la science qui l’étudie. Auparavant, certains grands noms la discipline économique s’étaient déjà penchés sur le sujet. Ce travail a pour objectif d’éclaircir ces deux cheminements de pensée ayant le même objet, d’en identifier les principales différences et d’expliquer ces dernières par des problématiques de départ distinctes. Nous identifierons, dans la lignée de ce qui a pu être fait en économie des conventions, une approche stratégique de l’influence des discours théoriques (celle des économistes), et une approche interprétative (celle des sociologues).
Repeated Scenario Simulation to Improve Competency in Critical Care: A New Approach for Nursing Education
Authors: Abe Yukie , Kawahara Chikako , Yamashina Akira , Tsuboi Ryoji 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundIn Japan, nursing education is being reformed to improve nurses' competency. Interest in use of simulation-based education to increase nurses' competency is increasing.ObjectivesTo examine the effectiveness of simulation-based education in improving competency of cardiovascular critical care nurses.MethodsA training program that consisted of lectures, training in cardiovascular procedures, and scenario simulations was conducted with 24 Japanese nurses working at a university hospital. Participants were allocated to 4 groups, each of which visited 4 zones and underwent scenario simulations that included debriefings during and after the simulations. In each zone, the scenario simulation was repeated and participants assessed their own technical skills by scoring their performance on a rubric. Before and after the simulations, participants also completed a survey that used the Teamwork Activity Inventory in Nursing Scale (TAINS) to assess their nontechnical skills.ResultsAll the groups showed increased rubric scores after the second simulation compared with the rubric scores obtained after the first simulation, despite differences in the order in which the scenarios were presented. Furthermore, the survey revealed significant increases in scores on the teamwork scale for the following subscale items: “Attitudes of the superior” (P &lt; .001), “Job satisfaction” (P = .01), and “Confidence as a team member” (P = .004).ConclusionsOur new educational approach of using repeated scenario simulations and TAINS seemed not only to enhance individual nurses' technical skills in critical care nursing but also to improve their nontechnical skills somewhat.
Quantitative Analysis of Biofilm Formed on Vascular Prostheses by Staphylococcus Epidermidis with Different ica and aap Genetic Status
Authors: Golus Joanna , Stankevic Magdalena , Sawicki Rafal , Los Renata , Malm Anna , Ginalska Grazyna 
Published: January 2013

Objectives This study aims to examine biofilm formed on vascular prostheses by Staphylococcus epidermidis with different ica and aap genetic status, and to evaluate the effect of antibiotic-modified prostheses on bacterial colonization. Methods Biofilm formation was determined using fluorescence microscopy imaging. Quantitative analysis was conducted using the biofilm coverage ratio (BCR) calculations. Results Our investigations prove that the BCR method with fluorescent dye enabled an accurate assessment of biofilm coverage and comparison of the obtained results. The ica+ aap+ strains formed a biofilm on all of the examined vascular prostheses. Uni-Graft® modified with covalently immobilized amikacin was effective in preventing bacterial adherence. Conclusions Molecular biology techniques combined with phenotype studies give a broad insight into biofilm formation mechanisms. On the other hand, fluorescence microscopy imaging along with BCR calculations are reliable and simple tools to quantitatively estimate biofilm formation, as well as the effectiveness of antimicrobial prosthesis modification.
TGF-β1 Expression in Kidney Allograft Protocol Biopsies during Cyclosporine: a Therapy
Authors: Ortiz Fernanda , Helanterä Ilkka T. , Räisänen-Sokolowski Anne , Honkanen Eero O. , Koskinen Petri K. 
Published: January 2013

Background TGF-β1 expression has been described to increase along with time from transplantation and has also been linked to allograft dysfunction and toxic effects of cyclosporine. Our aim was to correlate intragraft TGF-β1 expression with cyclosporine exposure after kidney transplantation. Methods Altogether 53 kidney allograft protocol biopsies from 42 patients on a low-dose cyclosporine-based regimen obtained at 3, 6, and 12 months were classified according to Banff and the chronic allograft damage index (CADI). TGF-β1 expression in tubules, glomeruli, vessels, and inflammatory cells was semi-quantitatively scored and correlated with cyclosporine concentrations (C0 and C2), CADI, and graft function. Results TGF-β1 expression was mildly increased along time from transplantation, but the results were not statistically significant. TGF-β1 expression was neither related to CADI nor to the use of ACE inhibitors/ARB. TGF-β1 expression in the kidney was not correlated with C0 or C2 levels or kidney graft function during follow-up. Conclusion In protocol biopsies from patients on low-dose cyclosporine regimen, expression of TGB-β1 was not significantly increased along time since transplantation, and did not correlate with cyclosporine exposure. Our findings suggest that the toxic effects of low-dose cyclosporine on TGF-β expression may be milder than previously thought.
Institutional Work and Complicit Decoupling across the U.S. Capital Markets: The Work of Rating Agencies
Authors: Clark Cynthia E. , Newell Sue 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT:We focus on the core institution of the capital market and the institutional work of professional service firms that provide ratings on corporate issuers, initially in a bid to maintain this institution, which suffered when those involved relied solely on information from the issuers themselves. Through our analysis we identify a new type of decoupling—complicit decoupling. Complicit decoupling evolves over time, beginning with the creation of a new practice, here corporate ratings as a form of policing work, which emerges to help to maintain a core institution. This practice is then adopted, implemented and later becomes decoupled. Exposure does not undermine the legitimacy of the practice because external actors collude in the ‘window dressing’ and, because it has become normalized, only partial repairs are enacted. It is by nature field-level institutional work, benefiting the majority of the field and inherently involves a violation of promise keeping. We conclude with implications for managers and behavioral ethics researchers.
Stakeholder Theory, Value, and Firm Performance
Authors: Harrison Jeffrey S. , Wicks Andrew C. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT:This paper argues that the notion of value has been overly simplified and narrowed to focus on economic returns. Stakeholder theory provides an appropriate lens for considering a more complex perspective of the value that stakeholders seek as well as new ways to measure it. We develop a four-factor perspective for defining value that includes, but extends beyond, the economic value stakeholders seek. To highlight its distinctiveness, we compare this perspective to three other popular performance perspectives. Recommendations are made regarding performance measurement for both academic researchers and practitioners. The stakeholder perspective on value offered in this paper draws attention to those factors that are most closely associated with building more value for stakeholders, and in so doing, allows academics to better measure it and enhances managerial ability to create it.
Use of Traditional and Complementary Medical Care by Patients With Multiple Sclerosis in South-East Queensland
Authors: Hooper Kaye D. , Pender Michael P. , Webb Penny M. , McCombe Pam A. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that causes significant disability and dependence on health care. This study was performed to assess the use of traditional and complementary health care by 40 patients with clinically definite MS in South-East Queensland, Australia. Their clinical and personal details and use of traditional and complementary health care were recorded during interviews in the six-month study period from June 1996 to December 1996. All patients were under the care of a neurologist and a general practitioner. More than half (52.5%) of the patients used physiotherapy; among patients older than 40, use of physiotherapy reached 61%. Eighty percent of subjects were seen at the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Queensland, a charitable organization that delivers MS care. Thirty-three of 40 patients (82.5%) had used complementary therapy at some point; 93% of the women with MS had used this form of therapy. Older patients were less likely to use complementary therapy than were younger ones. Median cost to users of complementary therapy was $100 per month (Australian dollars). (Int J MS Care. 2001; 3(1): 13–28)
Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Trials: Part 1—Basic Considerations
Authors: Herndon Robert M. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Clinical trials in neurology are difficult, complex, usually expensive, and fraught with pitfalls. Clinical trials in multiple sclerosis (MS) are particularly difficult because of the relapsing-remitting nature of the disease, the highly varied distribution of the lesions, and varied signs and symptoms. While the number and quality of MS clinical trials have increased enormously in recent years, they remain controversial and are subject to endless criticism. There is no shortage of individuals willing and eager to criticize clinical trials if they claim a positive result. Conversely, negative trials are rarely published1 and, when they are, they are rarely criticized even though some negative trials are equally deserving of criticism. No trial is perfect, and few scientific endeavors are subject to more rigorous review and criticism than clinical trials. This article—the first in a series—will discuss various aspects of planning, designing, and implementing a clinical trial. (Int J MS Care. 2001; 3(1): 6–12)
Osteoporosis Risk Factors and Bone Mineral Density in Women With MS
Authors: Smeltzer Suzanne C. , Zimmerman Vanessa , Capriotti Theresa , Fernandes Lilia 
Published: January 2013

Purpose: To describe the results of bone mineral density (BMD) screening in women with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to identify risk factors for osteoporosis in women with MS and their use of preventive strategies.
Methods: BMD screening was performed at the os calcis. A self-administered survey, formatted as a checklist, asked women with MS about their risk factors for osteoporosis and their use of osteoporosis prevention strategies.
Findings: 142 women with MS completed the study. Using a modified classification system suggested for use with peripheral measurements of BMD, 44.4% of women in the sample were categorized as having normal BMD, 35.2% were osteopenic, and 20.4% were osteoporotic. The number of risk factors for osteoporosis reported by women with MS ranged from zero to 10 with a mean of 4.6 ± 1.8. Relatively few women were using strategies to minimize their risks for osteoporosis. Of those who did employ a risk-minimization strategy, the lowest number of women in the sample (4.3%) used raloxifene, and the highest number of women (38.6%) used calcium supplementation.
Conclusions: Low BMD is common in women with MS, increasing their risk for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. Greater awareness is needed among health care providers regarding the increased risk and high incidence of osteoporosis in women with MS. Strategies to detect and prevent osteoporosis are warranted in women with MS in order to prevent further disability caused by osteoporosis-related fractures. (Int J MS Care. 2002; 4: 17–23, 29)