bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Thyroid Dysfunction during Pregnancy and Postpartum: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: De Groot Leslie , Abalovich Marcos , Alexander Erik K. , Amino Nobuyuki , Barbour Linda , Cobin Rhoda H. , Eastman Creswell J. , Lazarus John H. , Luton Dominique , Mandel Susan J. , Mestman Jorge , Rovet Joanne , Sullivan Scott 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Objective:
The aim was to update the guidelines for the management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum published previously in 2007. A summary of changes between the 2007 and 2012 version is identified in the Supplemental Data (published on The Endocrine Society's Journals Online web site at http://jcem.endojournals.org).

Evidence:
This evidence-based guideline was developed according to the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force, grading items level A, B, C, D, or I, on the basis of the strength of evidence and magnitude of net benefit (benefits minus harms) as well as the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to describe both the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence.

Consensus Process:
The guideline was developed through a series of e-mails, conference calls, and one face-to-face meeting. An initial draft was prepared by the Task Force, with the help of a medical writer, and reviewed and commented on by members of The Endocrine Society, Asia and Oceania Thyroid Association, and the Latin American Thyroid Society. A second draft was reviewed and approved by The Endocrine Society Council. At each stage of review, the Task Force received written comments and incorporated substantive changes.

Conclusions:
Practice guidelines are presented for diagnosis and treatment of patients with thyroid-related medical issues just before and during pregnancy and in the postpartum interval. These include evidence-based approaches to assessing the cause of the condition, treating it, and managing hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, gestational hyperthyroidism, thyroid autoimmunity, thyroid tumors, iodine nutrition, postpartum thyroiditis, and screening for thyroid disease. Indications and side effects of therapeutic agents used in treatment are also presented.
Endogenous ribosomal protein L29 (RPL29): a newly identified regulator of angiogenesis in mice
Authors: Jones Dylan T. , Lechertier Tanguy , Reynolds Louise E. , Mitter Richard , Robinson Stephen D. , Kirn-Safran Catherine B. , Hodivala-Dilke Kairbaan M. 
Published: November 2012

Summary
Cellular ribosomal protein L29 (RPL29) is known to be important in protein synthesis, but its function during angiogenesis has never been described before. We have shown previously that mice lacking β3-integrins support enhanced tumour angiogenesis and, therefore, deletion of endothelial αvβ3 can provide a method for discovery of novel regulators of tumour angiogenesis. Here, we describe significant upregulation of RPL29 in β3-null endothelial cells at both the mRNA and protein level. Ex vivo, we show that VEGF-stimulated microvessel sprouting was reduced significantly in Rpl29-heterozygous and Rpl29-null aortic ring assays compared with wild-type controls. Moreover, we provide in vivo evidence that RPL29 can regulate tumour angiogenesis. Tumour blood vessel density in subcutaneously grown Lewis lung carcinomas was reduced significantly in Rpl29-mutant mice. Additionally, depletion of Rpl29 using RNA interference inhibited VEGF-induced aortic ring sprouting, suggesting that anti-RPL29 strategies might have anti-angiogenic potential. Overall, our results identify that loss or depletion of RPL29 can reduce angiogenesis in vivo and ex vivo.
Muscleblind, BSF and TBPH are mislocalized in the muscle sarcomere of aDrosophilamyotonic dystrophy model
Authors: Llamusi Beatriz , Bargiela Ariadna , Fernandez-Costa Juan M. , Garcia-Lopez Amparo , Klima Raffaella , Feiguin Fabian , Artero Ruben 
Published: November 2012

SummaryMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a genetic disease caused by the pathological expansion of a CTG trinucleotide repeat in the 3' UTR of the DMPK gene. In the DMPK transcripts, the CUG expansions sequester RNA-binding proteins into nuclear foci, including transcription factors and alternative splicing regulators such as MBNL1. MBNL1 sequestration has been associated with key features of DM1. However, the basis behind a number of molecular and histological alterations in DM1 remain unclear. To help identify new pathogenic components of the disease, we carried out a genetic screen using a Drosophila model of DM1 that expresses 480 interrupted CTG repeats, i(CTG)480, and a collection of 1215 transgenic RNA interference (RNAi) fly lines. Of the 34 modifiers identified, two RNA-binding proteins, TBPH (homolog of human TAR DNA-binding protein 43 or TDP-43) and BSF (Bicoid stability factor; homolog of human LRPPRC), were of particular interest. These factors modified i(CTG)480 phenotypes in the fly eye and wing, and TBPH silencing also suppressed CTG-induced defects in the flight muscles. In Drosophila flight muscle, TBPH, BSF and the fly ortholog of MBNL1, Muscleblind (Mbl), were detected in sarcomeric bands. Expression of i(CTG)480 resulted in changes in the sarcomeric patterns of these proteins, which could be restored by coexpression with human MBNL1. Epistasis studies showed that Mbl silencing was sufficient to induce a subcellular redistribution of TBPH and BSF proteins in the muscle, which mimicked the effect of i(CTG)480 expression. These results provide the first description of TBPH and BSF as targets of Mbl-mediated CTG toxicity, and they suggest an important role of these proteins in DM1 muscle pathology.
Temperature-dependent sex determination modulates cardiovascular maturation in embryonic snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina
Authors: Alvine Travis , Rhen Turk , Crossley Dane A. 
Published: November 2012

Summary
We investigated sex differences in cardiovascular maturation in embryos of the snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), a species with temperature-dependent sex determination. One group of eggs was incubated at 26.5°C to produce males. Another group of eggs was incubated at 26.5°C until embryos reached stage 17, eggs were then shifted to 31°C for six days to produce females, and returned to 26.5°C for the rest of embryogenesis. Thus, males and females were at the same temperature when autonomic tone was determined and for most of development. Cholinergic blockade increased resting blood pressure (Pm) and heart rate (fH) in both sexes at 75% and 90% of incubation. However, the magnitude of the fH response was enhanced in males when compared to females at 90% of incubation. β-adrenergic blockade increased Pm at 75% of incubation in both sexes but had no effect at 90% of incubation. β-adrenergic blockade reduced fH at both time points but produced a stronger response at 90% versus 75% of incubation. We found that α-adrenergic blockade decreased Pm in both sexes at 75% and 90% of incubation and decreased fH at 75% of incubation in both sexes. At 90% of incubation, fH decreased in females but not males. Although these data clearly demonstrate sexual dimorphism in the autonomic regulation of cardiovascular physiology in embryos, further studies are needed to test whether differences are caused by endocrine signals from gonads or by a hormone-independent temperature effect.
Implantation reduces the negative effects of bio-logging devices on birds
Authors: White Craig R. , Cassey Phillip , Schimpf Natalie G. , Halsey Lewis G. , Green Jonathan A. , Portugal Steven J. 
Published: November 2012

Summary
Animal-borne logging or telemetry devices are widely used for the measurements of physiological and movement data from free-living animals. For such measurements to be relevant, however, it is essential that the devices themselves do not affect the data of interest. A recent meta-analysis (Barron et al. 2010; Methods Ecol Evol. 1:180-187) reported an overall negative effect of these devices on the birds that bear them, i.e. on nesting productivity, clutch size, nest initiation date, offspring quality, body condition, flying ability, foraging behaviours, energy expenditure or survival rate. Method of attachment (Harness, Collar, Glue, Anchor, Implant, Breast-mounted, Tailmount) had no influence on the strength of these effects but anchored and implanted transmitters had the highest reported rates of device-induced mortality. Furthermore, external devices, but not internal devices, caused an increase in 'device-induced behaviour' (comfort behaviours such as preening, fluffing and stretching, and unrest activities including unquantifiable 'active' behaviours). These findings suggest that, with the exception of device-induced behaviour, external attachment is preferable to implantation. In the present study we undertake a meta-analysis of 183 estimates of device impact from 39 studies of 36 species of bird designed to explicitly compare the effects of externally-attached and surgically-implanted devices on a range of traits, including condition, energy expenditure, and reproduction. In contrast to Barron et al., we demonstrate that externally-attached devices have a consistent detrimental effect (i.e., negative influences on body condition, reproduction, metabolism, and survival), whereas implanted devices have no consistent effect. We also show that the magnitude of the negative effect of externally attached devices decreases with time. We therefore conclude that device implantation is preferable to external attachment, providing that the risk of mortality associated with the anaesthesia and surgery required for implantation can be mitigated. We recommend that studies employing external devices use devices that can be borne for long periods, and, wherever possible, deploy devices in advance of the time period of interest.
Condition-dependent strategies of eggshell pigmentation: an experimental study of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Duval Camille , Cassey Phillip , Mikšík Ivan , Reynolds James , Spencer Karen 
Published: November 2012

SummaryA relationship has been suggested between eggshell colour and female body condition based on the opposing antioxidant properties of the two main eggshell pigments: the antioxidant biliverdin (blue-green) and the pro-oxidant protoporphyrin (brown). We hypothesised that experimentally food-restricted females with low antioxidant capacity would deposit more protoporphyrin and less biliverdin in their eggshells, resulting in eggshells of reduced brightness but increased colour intensity. Two eggs were collected at the beginning and two at the end of a 2-week period from each of 24 female Japanese quails that were either food-restricted or receiving ad libitum food (i.e. controls) during that time. Reflectance spectra were recorded and analysed using spectral shape descriptors, chromatic and achromatic contrasts were computed accounting for avian visual sensitivities, and eggshell pigments were quantified. We examined both spot and background pigmentation and found no significant effect of food restriction on eggshell reflectance. However, food-restricted females in lower body condition increased the deposition of protoporphyrin and decreased the amount of biliverdin invested into their eggshells. We hypothesise that in species laying brown-spotted eggshells, females modulate eggshell pigment investment in response to their body condition. According to this hypothesis, we predict that females maintain eggshell colour to limit visible changes that could be detected by predators and thereby conceal their eggs, although this work has yet to be conducted. We suggest that further experimental work on egg camouflage under different environmental conditions will elaborate the process of pigment deposition and the physiological costs to females of laying heavily pigmented eggshells.
Low pass filters and differential tympanal tuning in a paleotropical bushcricket with an unusually low frequency call
Authors: Rajaraman Kaveri , Mhatre Natasha , Jain Manjari , Postles Mathew , Balakrishnan Rohini , Robert Daniel 
Published: November 2012

SummaryLow frequency sounds are advantageous for long-range acoustic signal transmission, but for small animals, they constitute a challenge for signal detection and localization. The efficient detection of sound in insects is enhanced by mechanical resonance either in the tracheal or tympanal system before subsequent neuronal amplification. Making small structures resonant at low sound frequencies poses challenges for insects and has not been adequately studied. Similarly, detecting the direction of long-wavelength sound using interaural signal amplitude and/or phase differences is difficult for small animals. Pseudophylline bushcrickets predominantly call at high, often ultrasonic frequencies, but a few paleotropical species use lower frequencies. We investigated the mechanical frequency tuning of the tympana of one such species, Onomarchus uninotatus, a large bushcricket that produces a narrow bandwidth call at an unusually low carrier frequency of 3.2 kHz. Onomarchus uninotatus, like most bushcrickets, has two large tympanal membranes on each fore-tibia. We found that both these membranes vibrate like hinged flaps anchored at the dorsal wall and do not show higher modes of vibration in the frequency range investigated (1.5-20 kHz). The anterior tympanal membrane acts as a low-pass filter, attenuating sounds at frequencies above 3.5 kHz, in contrast to the high-pass filter characteristic of other bushcricket tympana. Responses to higher frequencies are partitioned to the posterior tympanal membrane, which shows maximal sensitivity at several broad frequency ranges, peaking at 3.1, 7.4 and 14.4 kHz. This partitioning between the two tympanal membranes constitutes an unusual feature of peripheral auditory processing in insects. The complex tracheal shape of O. uninotatus also deviates from the known tube or horn shapes associated with simple band-pass or high-pass amplification of tracheal input to the tympana. Interestingly, while the anterior tympanal membrane shows directional sensitivity at conspecific call frequencies, the posterior tympanal membrane is not directional at conspecific frequencies and instead shows directionality at higher frequencies.
Thermal effects on motor control andin vitromuscle dynamics of the ballistic tongue apparatus in chameleons
Authors: Anderson Christopher V. , Deban Stephen M. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryTemperature strongly affects whole organism performance through its effect on muscle contractile rate properties, but movements powered by elastic recoil are liberated from much of the performance decline experienced by muscle-powered movements at low temperature. We examined the motor control and muscle contractile physiology underlying an elastically powered movement - tongue projection in chameleons - and the associated muscle powered retraction to test the premise that the thermal dependence of muscle contractile dynamics is conserved. We further tested the associated hypothesis that motor control patterns and muscle contractile dynamics must change as body temperature varies, despite the thermal robustness of tongue-projection performance. We found that, over 14-26°C, the latency between the onset of the tongue projector muscle activity and tongue projection was significantly affected by temperature (Q10 of 2.56), as were dynamic contractile properties of the tongue projector and retractor muscles (Q10 of 1.48-5.72), supporting our hypothesis that contractile rates slow with decreasing temperature and activity durations of the projector muscle increase at low temperatures as a result. Over 24-36°C, thermal effects on motor control and muscle contractile properties declined, indicating that temperature effects are more extreme across lower temperature ranges. Over the entire 14-36°C range, intensity of muscle activity for the tongue muscles were not affected by temperature, indicating that recruitment of motor units in neither muscle increases with decreasing temperature to compensate for declining contractile rates. These results reveal that specializations in morphology and motor control, not muscle contractile physiology, are responsible for the thermal robustness of tongue projection in chameleons.
The energy cost of voluntary running in weasels,Mustela nivalis
Authors: Chappell Mark A. , Szafrańska Paulina A. , Zub Karol , Konarzewski Marek 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe small size and elongate shape of weasels (Mustela nivalis Linnaeus) probably evolved to facilitate movement within the burrow systems of prey species, but result in high energy costs of thermoregulation. In this study we measured metabolic rates of weasels during voluntary locomotion to determine if energy costs of transport are also high in these unusually shaped mammals. In addtion, we measured the lower and upper limits of aerobic metabolism (resting metabolic rate; RMR, and maximal oxygen consumption in forced exercise; VO2max), and used the wide size range of adult weasels to investigate the intraspecific scaling of energy metabolism. Finally, we combined measurements of energy use during running with radiotracking and doubly-labeled water data from free-living weasels to estimate the importance of locomotor costs in daily energy budgets. We found that weasels have higher than predicted costs of running, largely due to an elevated intercept of the speed versus metabolic rate relationship. Running costs were strongly affected by the ~ 4-fold range of body size in adults. As reported in other studies, the RMR of weasels was considerably higher than predicted from body mass. Maximal oxygen consumption was also higher than predicted, but factorial aerobic scope (VO2max/RMR) was within the normal range for mammals. Intraspecific mass scaling of RMR and VO2max did not differ from typical interspecific mammalian allometries. In wild weasels, locomotor costs comprised roughly 5% of daily energy expenditures; this small value was primarily a result of low travel times and distances.
CeO2-catalyzed Transformations of Nitriles and Amides
Authors: Tamura Masazumi , Shimizu Ken-ichi , Satsuma Atsushi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Recently, cerium oxides have been extensively used as heterogeneous catalysts for green organic reactions. This review describes recent progress in such reactions, with a focus on our studies on pure CeO2-catalyzed reactions of nitriles and amides with nucleophiles (H2O, alcohols, and amines). Hydration of nitriles to amides in water, one-pot ester synthesis from nitriles and alcohols, one-pot synthesis of N-alkylamides from nitriles with amines, and synthesis of N-alkylamides from amides and amines (transamidation) are selectively catalyzed by CeO2 under aqueous or solvent-free conditions. Mechanistic studies suggest that a cooperation of Lewis acid site (Ce4+ cation) and acid–base (Ce–O) pair site plays essential roles in the catalytic reactions.
Chromatography Using Ternary Water–Acetonitrile–Ethyl Acetate Mixture as a Carrier Solution on a Microchip Incorporating Microchannels
Authors: Matsuda Takafumi , Jinno Naoya , Yamashita Kenichi , Maeda Hideaki , Arai Akihiro , Hashimoto Masahiko , Tsukagoshi Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
An open-tubular capillary chromatography system has been developed using a ternary mixed solvent solution, i.e., water–hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic solvent mixture as a carrier solution. The system is called “tube radial distribution chromatography (TRDC).” In this study, we tried to carry out the TRDC on a microchip incorporating microchannels. A model analyte solution of isoluminol isothiocyanate (ILITC) and ILITC-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) was injected to the double T-junction part (0.5 mm length, ca. 2 nL) on the microchip. The analyte solution was then delivered in the separation microchannel (40 µm in depth, 100 µm in width, and 22 cm in length) with a ternary water–acetonitrile–ethyl acetate mixture carrier solution (3:8:4, volume ratio). The model analytes, the ILITC and the labeled BSA were separated through the microchannel, where the carrier solvents were radially distributed in the separation channel generating inner and outer phases. This phenomenon of the solvents is called “tube radial distribution phenomenon (TRDP).” The outer phase functions as a pseudo-stationary phase under laminar flow conditions in the chromatography, i.e., TRDC. Finally, the ILITC and the labeled BSA were eluted in this order and detected with chemiluminescence reaction.
New Fluorogenic Benzothiadiazole and Benzoselenadiazole Reagents to Yield Environment-sensitive Fluorophores via a Reaction with Amines
Authors: Kawamoto Kyoko , Uchiyama Seiichi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We introduce 7-fluoro-4-N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and 7-fluoro-4-N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole as new fluorogenic reagents for amines. These reagents are nonfluorescent themselves and can easily react with nonfluorescent amines to produce environment-sensitive fluorophores. Herein, we report the synthesis of the new reagents and the fluorescence properties of the reagents and their amine derivatives as well as the reactivity of the new reagents toward amines.
Supercritical Water Gasification of Organosolv Lignin over a Graphite-supported Ruthenium Metal Catalyst
Authors: Shirai Masayuki , Hiyoshi Norihito , Murakami Yuka , Osada Mitsumasa , Sato Osamu , Yamaguchi Aritomo 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A graphite-supported ruthenium metal catalyst was highly active for catalytic gasification of organosolv lignin in supercritical water at 673 K because of the easy accessibility of the reaction intermediates to ruthenium metal sites on the graphite surface, compared to a charcoal-supported ruthenium metal catalyst.
Efficient Cesium Adsorbent Using Prussian Blue Nanoparticles Immobilized on Cotton Matrices
Authors: Kitajima Akiko , Tanaka Hisashi , Minami Nobutsugu , Yoshino Kazunori , Kawamoto Tohru 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
An efficient cesium adsorbent has been developed using Prussian blue nanoparticles immobilized on cotton gauze. A cesium decontamination factor of the order of 106 is achieved by passing cesium solutions through a column filled with 1.81 g of the adsorbent. In this study, two ion-exchange steps were used, i.e., Na+ to K+ for immobilization of nanoparticles on matrices and K+ to Cs+ for adsorption. The new cesium adsorbent shows promise for the decontamination of radioactive cesium.