bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aging Leads to a Dysregulation in Mechanically Driven Bone Formation and Resorption
Authors: Razi Hajar , Birkhold Annette I , Weinkamer Richard , Duda Georg N , Willie Bettina M , Checa Sara 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Physical activity is essential to maintain skeletal mass and structure, but its effect seems to diminish with age. To test the hypothesis that bone becomes less sensitive to mechanical strain with age, we used a combined in vivo/in silico approach. We investigated how maturation and aging influence the mechanical regulation of bone formation and resorption to 2 weeks of noninvasive in vivo controlled loading in mice. Using 3D in vivo morphometrical assessment of longitudinal microcomputed tomography images, we quantified sites in the mouse tibia where bone was deposited or resorbed in response to controlled in vivo loading. We compared the (re)modeling events (formation/resorption/quiescent) to the mechanical strains induced at these sites (predicted using finite element analysis). Mice of all age groups (young, adult, and elderly) responded to loading with increased formation and decreased resorption, preferentially at high strains. Low strains were associated with no anabolic response in adult and elderly mice, whereas young animals showed a strong response. Adult animals showed a clear separation between strain ranges where formation and resorption occurred but without an intermediate quiescent “lazy zone”. This strain threshold disappeared in elderly mice, as mechanically induced (re)modeling became dysregulated, apparent in an inability to inhibit resorption or initiate formation. Contrary to what is generally believed until now, aging does not shift the mechanical threshold required to initiate formation or resorption, but rather blurs its specificity. These data suggest that pharmaceutical strategies augmenting physical exercise should consider this dysfunction in the mechanical regulation of bone (re)modeling to more effectively combat age-related bone loss. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Colorectal Cancer Metastases Settle in the Hepatic Microenvironment Through α5β1 Integrin
Authors: Pelillo Chiara , Bergamo Alberta , Mollica Hilaria , Bestagno Marco , Sava Gianni 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTColorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis dissemination to secondary sites represents the critical point for the patient's survival. The microenvironment is crucial to cancer progression, influencing tumour cell behaviour by modulating the expression and activation of molecules such as integrins, the cell‐extracellular matrix interacting proteins participating in different steps of the tumour metastatic process. In this work, we investigated the role of α5β1 integrin and how the microenvironment influences this adhesion molecule, in a model of colon cancer progression to the liver. The culture medium conditioned by the IHH hepatic cell line, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, modulate the activation of α5β1 integrin in the colon cancer cell line HCT‐116, and drives FAK phosphorylation during the process of cell adhesion to fibronectin, one of the main components of liver ECM. In these conditions, α5β1 modulates the expression/activity of another integrin, α2β1, involved in the cell adhesion to collagen I. These results suggest that α5β1 integrin holds a leading role in HCT‐116 colorectal cancer cells adhesion to the ECM through the modulation of the intracellular focal adhesion kinase FAK and the α2β1 integrin activity. The driving role of the tumour microenvironment on CRC dissemination, here detected, and described, strengthens and adds new value to the concept that α5β1 integrin can be an appropriate and relevant therapeutic target for the control of CRC metastases. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2385–2396, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lexical Characteristics of Anticipatory and Consummatory Anhedonia in Schizophrenia: A Study of Language in Spontaneous Life Narratives
Authors: Buck Benjamin , Minor Kyle S. , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesThe extent to which anticipatory anhedonia (an important determinant of outcome in schizophrenia) is determined by interpersonal characteristics, cognitive biases, or even artifacts of measurement remains unclear. The present study aims to provide understanding cognitive, affective and phenomenological characteristics of this construct by examining the lexical characteristics of life narratives with schizophrenia with computerized lexical analysis.MethodA total of 41 individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder completed the Indiana Psychiatric Illness Interview, and the lexical characteristics of these narratives were examined for their relationships to both anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia.ResultsResults revealed that relatively higher levels of both anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia were linked with fewer past‐related words and by lesser use of first‐person plural pronouns.ConclusionsThis may suggest anhedonia is linked to diminished access to past narrative episodes and a lesser sense of shared important moments with others.
Utility of texture analysis for quantifying hepatic fibrosis on proton density MRI
Authors: Yu HeiShun , Buch Karen , Li Baojun , O'Brien Michael , Soto Jorge , Jara Hernan , Anderson Stephan W. 
Published: April 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the potential utility of texture analysis of proton density maps for quantifying hepatic fibrosis in a murine model of hepatic fibrosis.Materials and MethodsFollowing Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approval, a dietary model of hepatic fibrosis was used and 15 ex vivo murine liver tissues were examined. All images were acquired using a 30 mm bore 11.7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner with a multiecho spin‐echo sequence. A texture analysis was employed extracting multiple texture features including histogram‐based, gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix‐based (GLCM), gray‐level run‐length‐based features (GLRL), gray level gradient matrix (GLGM), and Laws' features. Texture features were correlated with histopathologic and digital image analysis of hepatic fibrosis.ResultsHistogram features demonstrated very weak to moderate correlations (r = –0.29 to 0.51) with hepatic fibrosis. GLCM features correlation and contrast demonstrated moderate‐to‐strong correlations (r = –0.71 and 0.59, respectively) with hepatic fibrosis. Moderate correlations were seen between hepatic fibrosis and the GLRL feature short run low gray‐level emphasis (SRLGE) (r = –0. 51). GLGM features demonstrate very weak to weak correlations with hepatic fibrosis (r = –0.27 to 0.09). Moderate correlations were seen between hepatic fibrosis and Laws' features L6 and L7 (r = 0.58).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the utility of texture analysis applied to proton density MRI in a murine liver fibrosis model and validates the potential utility of texture‐based features for the noninvasive, quantitative assessment of hepatic fibrosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1259–1265.
Comparing the treatment outcomes of potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate laser vaporization and transurethral electroresection for primary nonmuscle‐invasive bladder cancer: A prospective, randomized study
Authors: Xu Yansheng , Guan Weimin , Chen Weihao , Xie Changliang , Ouyang Yun , Wu Yiguang , Liu Cuilong 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectivesIn urology, potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate (KTP) laser is mainly used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with a low rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications. A prospective, randomized study was undertaken to investigate the treatment outcomes of KTP laser vaporization for primary non‐muscle‐invasive bladder tumors (NMIBTs) as compared with conventional monopolar transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT).Materials and MethodsThis study was designed as a prospective, randomized trial. After institutional review board approval, 229 consecutive patients with NMIBTs were randomized to 2 groups. Among them, 116 patients underwent KTP laser vaporization of a bladder tumor (laser group) and 113 patients underwent standard transurethral electroresection of the bladder tumors using monopolar loop electrode (TURBT group). According to the prognostic factors for recurrence, all patients were divided into low, intermediate or high risk subgroups. The clinical data were recorded and compared between the two groups.ResultsEighty‐nine patients in laser group and 94 in TURBT group were evaluable for the study end points. The preoperative characteristics of the patients were comparable in the two groups. There was no statistical difference in operation time between the two groups. Patients in the laser group had fewer perioperative complications and more patients needed bladder irrigation in the TURBT group. Compared with laser group, patients in the TURBT group had longer catheterization time and hospitalization duration. There were no statistical differences in the oncologic results in term of 2‐year recurrence rates as compared between the two groups.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that using KTP laser, transurethral vaporization is an effective and safe treatment for the patients with primary NMIBT. Compared with traditional TURBT, the KTP laser surgery had fewer perioperative complications and similar oncological results. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:???–???, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐dimensional coronary dark‐blood interleaved with gray‐blood (cDIG) magnetic resonance imaging at 3 tesla
Authors: Xie Guoxi , Bi Xiaoming , Liu Jiabin , Yang Qi , Natsuaki Yutaka , Conte Antonio Hernandez , Liu Xin , Li Kuncheng , Li Debiao , Fan Zhaoyang 
Published: April 2015

PurposeThree‐dimensional (3D) dark‐blood MRI has shown great potential in coronary artery plaque evaluation. However, substantial variability in quantification could result from superficial calcification because of its low signal. To address this issue, a 3D coronary dark‐blood interleaved with gray‐blood (cDIG) technique was developed.MethodscDIG is based on a balanced steady‐state free precession readout combined with a local re‐inversion‐based double‐inversion‐recovery (LocReInv‐DIR) preparation. The LocReInv‐DIR is applied every two RR intervals. Dark‐blood and gray‐blood contrasts are collected in the first and second RR interval, respectively. To improve the respiratory gating efficiency, two independent navigators were developed to separately gate the respiratory motion for the two interleaved acquisitions. In vivo experiments in eight healthy subjects and one patient were conducted to validate the technique.ResultscDIG provided dual‐contrasts without compromise in scan time. The dark‐blood images with cDIG demonstrated excellent wall and lumen signal performances and morphological measurements. Advantageously, cDIG yielded a second contrast that was shown to help identify the superficial calcification in the coronary plaque of a patient.ConclusionA novel technique was developed for obtaining 3D coronary vessel wall and gray lumen images. The additional contrast may aid in identifying calcified nodules and thus potentially improve the evaluation of coronary plaque burden. Magn Reson Med 75:997–1007, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Migration in Differentiated Localities: Changing Statuses and Ethnic Relations in a Multi‐Ethnic Locality in Transylvania, Romania
Authors: Anghel Remus Gabriel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn recent years, an increasing number of scholars have started to analyse the effects of migration in societies of emigration. This scholarship often depicts migration as a powerful process generating ‘levelled’ processes of diffusion of money, goods, ideas, and values, ultimately changing entire communities and regions of origin. The paper diverges from this view and argues for a differentialist approach in researching processes of migration and social change. I substantiate this claim by analysing patterns of migration and social change in a multi‐ethnic community in Romania that consists of Hungarians, Romanians, and Roma. The research fieldwork consisted of qualitative interviews and participant observation.By using a perspective inspired by the literature on critical social capital and mechanisms of migration, I show that local social differentiation profoundly affects not only the development of migration but also the relationship between migration and social change. As I unfold in the paper, social closure based on ethnic and class/group membership had a strong effect on the ways in which Hungarians, Roma, and Romanians migrated towards Hungary, Italy, and Germany, as well as on the economic niches they occupied in countries of destination. The enrichment of some Roma and the new social position they gained reveals that migrant localities are contested social spaces where migrants' new social statuses and the ideas and values they bring back with them are weighted and negotiated against local values and systems of classification. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphene transparent electrode for thin‐film solar cells
Authors: Ishikawa Ryousuke , Kurokawa Yasuyoshi , Miyajima Shinsuke , Konagai Makoto 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTransparent electrode is a key component in the multi‐junction solar cells, working as window and intermediate electrodes. It requires high transparency for wide range and suitable electrical junctions. Graphene, a single atomic layer of sp2 graphitic carbon, is one of alternative materials. We demonstrated a‐Si thin film solar cells with high‐quality graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition. The graphene‐cell showed higher open‐circuit voltage compared with conventional transparent conductive oxide. It might be a contribution of lower Schottky barrier at graphene/p‐layer interface. Our experimental results demonstrated a high potential of graphene transparent electrode not only for a‐Si solar cells but also for multi‐junction solar cells.
Band structure and vacancy formation in β‐Ag2S: Ab‐initio study
Authors: Alekberov Oktay , Jahangirli Zakir , Paucar Raul , Huseynova Suma , Abdulzade Nigar , Nakhmedov Anver , Wakita Kazuki , Mamedov Nazim 
Published: April 2015

AbstractElectronic band structure, together with formation energy of native point defects has been studied for β‐Ag2S superionic material. The density‐functional full‐potential calculations have been carried out for perfect crystal and defect structure. In latter case a 96‐atom supercell has been composed and account of structural relaxation around a vacancy has been taken up to second nearest neighbor. Formation energies of point defects have been obtained and compared. According to comparison, cation vacancies are the dominant intrinsic defects in β‐Ag2S and transition into a state with high ionic conductivity is probably related with their abrupt concentration increase with increasing temperature. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Whole-genome sequencing of Bacillus subtilis XF-1 reveals mechanisms for biological control and multiple beneficial properties in plants
Authors: Guo Shengye , Li Xingyu , He Pengfei , Ho Honhing , Wu Yixin , He Yueqiu 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Bacillus subtilis XF-1 is a gram-positive, plant-associated bacterium that stimulates plant growth and produces secondary metabolites that suppress soil-borne plant pathogens. In particular, it is especially highly efficient at controlling the clubroot disease of cruciferous crops. Its 4,061,186-bp genome contains an estimated 3853 protein-coding sequences and the 1155 genes of XF-1 are present in most genome-sequenced Bacillus strains: 3757 genes in B. subtilis 168, and 1164 in B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42. Analysis using the Cluster of Orthologous Groups database of proteins shows that 60 genes control bacterial mobility, 221 genes are related to cell wall and membrane biosynthesis, and more than 112 are genes associated with secondary metabolites. In addition, the genes contributed to the strain’s plant colonization, bio-control and stimulation of plant growth. Sequencing of the genome is a fundamental step for developing a desired strain to serve as an efficient biological control agent and plant growth stimulator. Similar to other members of the taxon, XF-1 has a genome that contains giant gene clusters for the non-ribosomal synthesis of antifungal lipopeptides (surfactin and fengycin), the polyketides (macrolactin and bacillaene), the siderophore bacillibactin, and the dipeptide bacilysin. There are two synthesis pathways for volatile growth-promoting compounds. The expression of biosynthesized antibiotic peptides in XF-1 was revealed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.
Direct medical costs and source of cost differences across the spectrum of cognitive decline: A population‐based study
Authors: Leibson Cynthia L. , Long Kirsten Hall , Ransom Jeanine E. , Roberts Rosebud O. , Hass Steven L. , Duhig Amy M. , Smith Carin Y. , Emerson Jane A. , Pankratz V. Shane , Petersen Ronald C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundObjective cost estimates and source of cost differences are needed across the spectrum of cognition, including cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), newly discovered dementia, and prevalent dementia.MethodsSubjects were a subset of the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging stratified‐random sampling of Olmsted County, MN, residents aged 70 to 89 years. A neurologist reviewed provider‐linked medical records to identify prevalent dementia (review date = index). Remaining subjects were invited to participate in prospective clinical/neuropsychological assessments; participants were categorized as CN, MCI, or newly discovered dementia (assessment date = index). Costs for medical services/procedures 1‐year pre‐index (excluding indirect and long‐term care costs) were estimated using line‐item provider‐linked administrative data. We estimated contributions of care‐delivery site and comorbid conditions (including and excluding neuropsychiatric diagnoses) to between‐category cost differences.ResultsAnnual mean medical costs for CN, MCI, newly discovered dementia, and prevalent dementia were $6042, $6784, $9431, $11,678, respectively. Hospital inpatient costs contributed 70% of total costs for prevalent dementia and accounted for differences between CN and both prevalent and newly discovered dementia. Ambulatory costs accounted for differences between CN and MCI. Age‐, sex‐, education‐adjusted differences reached significance for CN versus newly discovered and prevalent dementia and for MCI versus prevalent dementia. After considering all comorbid diagnoses, between‐category differences were reduced (e.g., prevalent dementia minus MCI (from $4842 to $3575); newly discovered dementia minus CN (from $3578 to $711)). Following the exclusion of neuropsychiatric diagnoses from comorbidity adjustment, between‐category differences tended to revert to greater differences.ConclusionsCost estimates did not differ significantly between CN and MCI. Substantial differences between MCI and prevalent dementia reflected high inpatient costs for dementia and appear partly related to co‐occurring mental disorders. Such comparisons can help inform models aimed at identifying where, when, and for which individuals proposed interventions might be cost‐effective.
Examining the literature on “Networks in Space and in Time.” An introduction
Authors: DE BENEDICTIS LUCA , VITALE MARIA PROSPERINA , WASSERMAN STANLEY 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe special issue of “Networks in space and in time: methods and applications” contributes to the debate on contextual analysis in network science. It includes seven research papers that shed light on the analysis of network phenomena studied within geographic space and across temporal dimensions. In these papers, methodological issues as well as specific applications are described from different fields. We take the seven papers, study their citations and texts, and relate them to the broader literature. By exploiting the bibliographic information and the textual data of these seven documents, citation analysis and lexical correspondence analysis allow us to evaluate the connections among the papers included in this issue.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorβ/δ activation is essential for modulating p-Foxo1/Foxo1 status in functional insulin-positive cell differentiation
Authors: Li L , Li T , Zhang Y , Pan Z , Wu B , Huang X , Zhang Y , Mei Y , Ge L , Shen G , Ge R-s , Zhu D , Lou Y 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) participate in energy homeostasis and play essential roles in diabetes therapy through their effects on non-pancreas tissues. Pathological microenvironment may influence the metabolic requirements for the maintenance of stem cell differentiation. Accordingly, understanding the mechanisms of PPARs on pancreaticβ-cell differentiation may be helpful to find the underlying targets of disrupted energy homeostasis under the pancreatic disease condition. PPARs are involved in stem cell differentiation via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, but the subtype member activation and the downstream regulation in functional insulin-positive (INS+) cell differentiation remain unclear. Here, we show a novel role of PPARβ/δactivation in determining INS+cell differentiation and functional maturation. We found PPARβ/δexpression selectively upregulated in mouse embryonic pancreases or stem cells-derived INS+cells at the pancreatic mature stagein vivoandin vitro. Strikingly, given the inefficiency of generating INS+cellsin vitro, PPARβ/δactivation displayed increasing mouse and human ES cell-derived INS+cell numbers and insulin secretion. This phenomenon was closely associated with the forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1) nuclear shuttling, which was dependent on PPARβ/δdownstream PI3K/Akt signaling transduction. The present study reveals the essential role of PPARβ/δactivation on p-Foxo1/Foxo1 status, and in turn, determining INS+cell generation and insulin secretionviaaffecting pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 expression. The results demonstrate the underlying mechanism by which PPARβ/δactivation promotes functional INS+cell differentiation. It also provides potential targets for anti-diabetes drug discovery and hopeful clinical applications in human cell therapy.
Synaptic NMDA receptor activity is coupled to the transcriptional control of the glutathione system
Authors: Baxter Paul S. , Bell Karen F.S. , Hasel Philip , Kaindl Angela M. , Fricker Michael , Thomson Derek , Cregan Sean P. , Gillingwater Thomas H. , Hardingham Giles E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHow the brain’s antioxidant defenses adapt to changing demand is incompletely understood. Here we show that synaptic activity is coupled, via the NMDA receptor (NMDAR), to control of the glutathione antioxidant system. This tunes antioxidant capacity to reflect the elevated needs of an active neuron, guards against future increased demand and maintains redox balance in the brain. This control is mediated via a programme of gene expression changes that boosts the synthesis, recycling and utilization of glutathione, facilitating ROS detoxification and preventing Puma-dependent neuronal apoptosis. Of particular importance to the developing brain is the direct NMDAR-dependent transcriptional control of glutathione biosynthesis, disruption of which can lead to degeneration. Notably, these activity-dependent cell-autonomous mechanisms were found to cooperate with non-cell-autonomous Nrf2-driven support from astrocytes to maintain neuronal GSH levels in the face of oxidative insults. Thus, developmental NMDAR hypofunction and glutathione system deficits, separately implicated in several neurodevelopmental disorders, are mechanistically linked.