bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do geographic, climatic or historical ranges differentiate the performance of central versus peripheral populations?
Authors: Pironon Samuel , Villellas Jesús , Morris William F. , Doak Daniel F. , García María B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThe ‘centre–periphery hypothesis’ (CPH) predicts that species performance (genetics, physiology, morphology, demography) will decline gradually from the centre towards the periphery of the geographic range. This hypothesis has been subjected to continuous debate since the 1980s, essentially because empirical studies have shown contrasting patterns. Moreover, it has been proposed that species performance might not be higher at the geographic range centre but rather at the environmental optimum or at sites presenting greater environmental stability in time. In this paper we re‐evaluate the CPH by disentangling the effects of geographic, climatic and historical centrality/marginality on the demography of three widely distributed plant species and the genetic diversity of one of them.LocationEurope and North America.MethodsBased on a species distribution modelling approach, we test whether demographic parameters (vital rates, stochastic population growth rates, density) of three plant species of contrasting life‐forms, and the genetic diversity of one of them, are higher at their geographic range centres, climatic optima or projected glacial refugia.ResultsWhile geographic, climatic and historical centre–periphery gradients are often not concordant, overall, none of them explain well the distribution of species demographic performance, whereas genetic diversity responds positively only to a historical centrality, related to post‐glacial range dynamics.Main conclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first assessment of the response of species performance to three centrality gradients, considering all the components of different species life cycles and genetic diversity information across continental distributions. Our results are inconsistent with the idea that geographically, climatically or historically marginal populations generally perform worse than central ones. We particularly emphasize the importance of adopting an interdisciplinary approach in order to understand the relative effects of contemporary versus historical and geographic versus ecological factors on the distribution of species performance.
The distribution‐free newsboy problem and the demand skew
Authors: Kamburowski Jerzy 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe consider the newsboy problem when the information about the probability distribution of random demand is limited to its support, mean, variance, and skewness. Sharp lower and upper bounds on the maximum expected profit are derived that lead to the corresponding optimal order quantities found under the worst‐case and best‐case scenarios. In addition, some special cases are solved by reducing the scope of knowledge about the demand distribution. Consequently, we generalize all results presented so far in the literature for the two scenarios, and present several new results. A numerical example illustrates the impact of available information on the quality of approximations. Extensions of our results are indicated.
A consensus‐ and harmony‐based feedback mechanism for multiple attribute group decision making with correlated intuitionistic fuzzy sets
Authors: Wu Jian , Liu Yujia , Liang Changyong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this study, an interactive consensus model is proposed for correlated multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems with intuitionistic triangular fuzzy numbers (ITFNs). The harmony degree (HD) is investigated to determine the degree of maintaining experts' original information while the consensus level is defined as the proximity degree (PD) between an expert and other experts on three levels: evaluation elements of alternatives, alternatives, and decision matrices. Combining HD and PD, a three‐dimensional feedback mechanism is proposed to identify discordant experts, alternatives, and corresponding preference values that contribute less to consensus, and provides advice to reach a higher consensus level. Additionally, visual representation of experts' consensus position within the group is provided. Furthermore, a graphical simulation of future consensus and harmony status, if the recommended values were to be implemented, is also provided. Therefore, our proposed feedback mechanism guarantees that it increases the consensus level of the set of experts while maintaining, as much as possible, experts' original information. Then, the PD‐induced intuitionistic triangular fuzzy correlated averaging (PD‐IITFCA) operator is investigated to aggregate the interactive individual opinions between experts. Finally, the intuitionistic triangular fuzzy correlated averaging (ITFCA) operator is developed to aggregate the evaluation elements of alternatives under correlative attributes. Based on the score and accurate functions of ITFNs, an order relation is proposed to obtain the final solution of alternatives.
Phylogenetic and biogeographical patterns in defensive strategies and quantitative allocation to chemical defences in Palaearctic and Nearctic pine trees
Authors: Carrillo‐Gavilán Amparo , Moreira Xoaquín , Zas Rafael , Gonzalez‐Voyer Alejandro , Vilà Montserrat , Sampedro Luis 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimUsing pine trees as a long‐lived woody plant model, we analysed the extent to which constitutive and induced allocation to chemical defences were conserved across the phylogeny, and tested the hypothesis that patterns of defensive allocation and defensive strategies differ between Palaearctic and Nearctic pines.LocationCommon‐environment study with Palaearctic and Nearctic pine species.MethodsWe grew 17 pine species (eight Palaearctic and nine Nearctic) in a common environment and measured the stem and needle concentrations of phenolics and non‐volatile resin, two major quantitative chemical defences in pines. In particular, we studied the constitutive allocation to chemical defences (in control plants) and the potential inducibility of those traits in response to elicitation with hormonal analogues of the jasmonic acid (methyl jasmonate) and salicylic acid (benzothiadiazole) pathways of plant defence against herbivorous insects and pathogens.ResultsWe found a strong phylogenetic signal in the constitutive concentration of phenolics in the needles and resin in the stem, but not elsewhere. We found that Nearctic pines showed 70% greater concentration of constitutive needle phenolics than Palaearctic species. In contrast, the inducibility potential of defences did not differ between Nearctic and Palaearctic pine species.Main conclusionsOur findings suggest that macroevolutionary history (phylogeny and biogeographical origin combined) has played an important role in the evolution of needle constitutive defences among pine species, but not in that of induced defences. Specifically, constitutive allocation to pine chemical defences seems to be well preserved across the phylogeny. In contrast, the inducibility of chemical defensive traits was evolutionarily labile and may depend more on the particular climate, biotic interactions and resource availability in each species’ range.
Prostaglandin pathways in duodenal chemosensing
Authors: Akiba Yasutada , Kaunitz Jonathan D 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAcid‐sensing pathways, which trigger mucosal defense mechanisms in response to luminal acid, involve the rapid afferent‐mediated “capsaicin pathway” and the sustained “prostaglandin (PG) pathway.” Luminal acid quickly increases protective PG synthesis and release from epithelia, although the mechanism by which luminal acid induces PG synthesis is still mostly unknown. Acid exposure augments purinergic ATP‐P2Y signaling by inhibition of intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity. Since P2Y activation increases intracellular Ca2+, we further hypothesized that ATP‐P2Y signals increase the generation of H2O2 derived from dual oxidase, a member of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family activated by Ca2+. Our recent studies suggest that acid exposure increases H2O2 output, followed by phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase activation, increasing PG synthesis. Released prostaglandin E2 augments protective HCO3− and mucus secretion via EP4 receptor activation. Thus, the PG pathway as a component of duodenal acid sensing consists of acid‐related intestinal alkaline phosphatase inhibition, ATP‐P2Y signals, dual oxidase 2‐derived H2O2 production, phospholipase A2 activation, prostaglandin E2 synthesis, and EP4 receptor activation. The PG pathway is also involved in luminal bacterial sensing in the duodenum via activation of pattern recognition receptors, including Toll‐like receptors and nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 2. The presence of acute mucosal responses to luminal bacteria suggests that the duodenum is important for host defenses and may reduce bacterial loading to the hindgut using H2O2, complementing gastric acidity and anti‐bacterial bile acids.
Naturally occurring phenethyl isothiocyanate‐induced inhibition of gastric cancer cell growth by disruption of microtubules
Authors: Øverby Anders , Zhao Chun‐Mei , Bones Atle Magnar , Chen Duan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and AimPhenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) derives from vegetables commonly consumed by man and has been demonstrated as a promising chemopreventive agent against several types of cancer. However, the potential in preventing gastric cancer as well as the underlying mechanisms are to date not fully understood. The present study aimed at elucidating the cellular effects induced by PEITC in gastric cancer cells leading to apoptosis.MethodsThe human gastric cancer cell lines Kato‐III and MKN74 were employed. Cell proliferation was assayed using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Morphology and migration were investigated through a contrast microscope. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed using flow cytometry of PI‐stained cells. Microtubules were studied by confocal detection of Kato‐III cells transfected to express GFP‐tagged microtubules. Commercial kits were employed to study the effect of PEITC on apoptosis, caspase‐3 activity, and glutathione content in MKN74 cells.ResultsKato‐III and MKN74 cells responded, with different sensitivity, dose‐ and time‐dependently in inhibition of cell proliferation to PEITC treatment. Further, PEITC induced aberrated cell morphologies and inhibited migration of MKN74 cells. Kato‐III cells treated with PEITC accumulated in G2/M phase and displayed a loss of microtubuli with the subsequent formation of apoptotic bodies. Although weak responses, MKN74 cells also accumulated in G2/M phase, became apoptotic, increased caspase‐3 activity, and suffered a reduction of glutathione pool.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that PEITC induces disintegration of microtubules in human gastric cancer cells contributing to cell cycle arrest and ultimately apoptosis, contributing to an increased understanding of PEITC‐induced inhibition of gastric cancer cell growth.
Lymphangiogenesis in early and advanced gastric cancer: Is there any difference?
Authors: Rudno‐Rudzińska Julia , Donizy Piotr , Frejlich Ewelina , Kotulski Krzysztof , Dzięgiel Piotr , Hałoń Agnieszka , Kielan Wojciech 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and AimGastric cancer (GC) in Poland is on the third place of men's mortality and on the fifth place of women's mortality in malignant neoplasms, and the percentage of diagnosed early GC is less than 20%.In this study, the relationship among lymphatic vessel density, marked with D2‐40, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐C/D, VEGF receptor 3 VEGFR‐3, and the stage of GC patient were investigated.MethodsThis study examined the relationships between the peritumoral lymphatic vessels (PTL) density and intratumoral lymphatic vessels (ITL) density stained immunohistochemically with D2‐40/podoplanin, the expression of VEGF‐C/D and VEGFR‐3, and the stage of 58 GC patients.ResultsLymphatic vessel density measured by D2‐40 decreases outside the tumor (PTL) and increases within the tumor (ITL) as the staging grows from I to III, whereas in the case of patients belonging to stage IV group, lymphatic vessel density decreases outside the tumor as well as within the tumor in comparison with the stage III group (not statistically significant). We observed a difference between morphology of the vessels within the tumor (ITLs) and vessels that are located outside the tumor (PTLs). PTLs were enlarged and unsqueezed as opposed to ITLs, which were collapsed.Conclusions(i) There is no significant correlation between the density of ITL nor PTL marked with D2‐40 and the stage of GC. (ii) We did not observe relationship between expression of VEGF‐C/D and VEGFR‐3 and the stage of GC. (iii) Further studies are needed to fully determine the role of PTL and ITL.
Angiogenesis in gastric mucosa: An important component of gastric erosion and ulcer healing and its impairment in aging
Authors: Tarnawski Andrzej S , Ahluwalia Amrita , Jones Michael K 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAngiogenesis (also referred to as neovascularization—formation of new blood vessels from existing vessels) is a fundamental process essential for healing of tissue injury and ulcers because regeneration of blood microvessels is a critical requirement for oxygen and nutrient delivery to the healing site. This review article updates the current views on angiogenesis in gastric mucosa following injury and during ulcer healing, its sequential events, the underlying mechanisms, and the impairment of angiogenesis in aging gastric mucosa. We focus on the time sequence and ultrastructural features of angiogenesis, hypoxia as a trigger, role of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling (VEGF), serum response factor, Cox2 and prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and importin. Recent reports indicate that gastric mucosa of aging humans and experimental animals exhibits increased susceptibility to injury and delayed healing. Gastric mucosa of aging rats has increased susceptibility to injury by a variety of damaging agents such as ethanol, aspirin, and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs because of structural and functional abnormalities including: reduced gastric mucosal blood flow, hypoxia, reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and survivin, and increased expression of early growth response protein 1 (egr‐1) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Until recently, postnatal neovascularization was assumed to occur solely through angiogenesis sprouting of endothelial cells and formation of new blood vessels from pre‐existing blood vessels. New studies in the last decade have challenged this paradigm and indicate that in some tissues, including gastric mucosa, the homing of bone marrow‐derived endothelial progenitor cells to the site of injury can also contribute to neovascularization by a process termed vasculogenesis.
Importance of cyclooxygenase‐1/prostacyclin in modulating gastric mucosal integrity under stress conditions
Authors: Amagase Kikuko , Izumi Nahoko , Takahira Yuka , Wada Tomoko , Takeuchi Koji 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and AimWe investigated the roles of cyclooxygenase (COX) isozymes and prostaglandins (PGs) and their receptors in mucosal defense against cold‐restraint stress (CRS)‐induced gastric lesions.MethodsMale C57BL/6 wild‐type (WT) mice and those lacking COX‐1 or COX‐2 as well as those lacking EP1, EP3, or IP receptors were used after 18 h fasting. Animals were restrained in Bollman cages and kept in a cold room at 10°C for 90 min.ResultsCRS induced multiple hemorrhagic lesions in WT mouse stomachs. The severity of these lesions was significantly worsened by pretreatment with the nonselective COX inhibitors (indomethacin, loxoprofen) or selective COX‐1 inhibitor (SC‐560), while neither of the selective COX‐2 inhibitors (rofecoxib and celecoxib) had any effect. These lesions were also aggravated in animals lacking COX‐1, but not COX‐2. The expression of COX‐2 mRNA was not detected in the stomach after CRS, while COX‐1 expression was observed under normal and stressed conditions. The gastric ulcerogenic response to CRS was similar between EP1 or EP3 knockout mice and WT mice, but was markedly worsened in animals lacking IP receptors. Pretreating WT mice with iloprost (the PGI2 analog) significantly prevented CRS‐induced gastric lesions in the presence of indomethacin. PGE2 also reduced the severity of these lesions, and the effect was mimicked by the EP4 agonist, AE1‐329.ConclusionsThese results suggest that endogenous PGs derived from COX‐1 play a crucial role in gastric mucosal defense during CRS, and this action is mainly mediated by PGI2/IP receptors and partly by PGE2/EP4 receptors.
Effect of supplementation with rebamipide for Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nishizawa Toshihiro , Nishizawa Yuko , Yahagi Naohisa , Kanai Takanori , Takahashi Masahiko , Suzuki Hidekazu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and AimSeveral studies have reported that the application of rebamipide during the eradication of Helicobacter pylori can improve the eradication rate. However, the efficacy and safety are controversial. The present study systematically evaluated whether rebamipide improves the eradication rate of H. pylori by conducting a meta‐analysis based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsLiterature searches were conducted in the following database: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the Igaku‐chuo‐zasshi database in Japan. A meta‐analysis of all RCTs comparing rebamipide supplementation with non‐rebamipide‐containing therapy was performed.ResultsWe identified six randomized trials (611 patients). Pooled H. pylori eradication rates by per‐protocol analysis were 73.3% and 61.4% for patients with or without rebamipide, respectively. The odds ratio was 1.74 (95% confidence interval. 1.19–2.53).ConclusionsSupplementation with rebamipide might be effective in increasing the H. pylori eradication rates of proton‐pump inhibitor–amoxicillin dual therapy.
Single nucleotide polymorphism markers for low‐dose aspirin‐associated peptic ulcer and ulcer bleeding
Authors: Shiotani Akiko , Murao Takahisa , Fujita Yoshihiko , Fujimura Yoshinori , Sakakibara Takashi , Nishio Kazuto , Haruma Ken 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and AimIn our previous study, the SLCO1B1 521TT genotype and the SLCO1B1*1b haplotype were significantly associated with the risk of peptic ulcer in patients taking low‐dose aspirin (LDA). The aim of the present study was to investigate pharmacogenomic profile of LDA‐induced peptic ulcer and ulcer bleeding.MethodsPatients taking 100 mg of enteric‐coated aspirin for cardiovascular diseases and with a peptic ulcer or ulcer bleeding and patients who also participated in endoscopic surveillance were studied. Genome‐wide analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed using the Affymetrix DME Plus Premier Pack. SLCO1B1*1b haplotype and candidate genotypes of genes associated with ulcer bleeding or small bowel bleeding identified by genome‐wide analysis were determined using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay kits, polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism, and direct sequencing.ResultsOf 593 patients enrolled, 111 patients had a peptic ulcer and 45 had ulcer bleeding. The frequencies of the SLCO1B1*1b haplotype and CHST2 2082 T allele were significantly greater in patients with peptic ulcer and ulcer bleeding compared to the controls. After adjustment for significant factors, the SLCO1B1*1b haplotype was associated with peptic ulcer (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.24–3.89) and CHST2 2082 T allele with ulcer bleeding (2.57, 1.07–6.17).ConclusionThe CHST2 2082 T allele as well as SLCO1B1*1b haplotype may identify patients at increased risk for aspirin‐induced peptic ulcer or ulcer bleeding.
Mucosal expression of aquaporin‐4 in the stomach of histamine type 2 receptor knockout mice and Helicobacter pylori‐infected mice
Authors: Fukuhara Seiichiro , Matsuzaki Juntaro , Tsugawa Hitoshi , Masaoka Tatsuhiro , Miyoshi Sawako , Mori Hideki , Fukushima Yasushi , Yasui Masato , Kanai Takanori , Suzuki Hidekazu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and AimBasolateral water channel, aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), is known to be expressed in gastric parietal cells, especially in the basal side of gastric mucosa. However, the role of AQP4 in the stomach is still unknown. Histamine type 2 receptor (H2R) knockout mice, which are characterized by suppressed gastric acid secretion, are known as formation of mucosal hyperplasia with cystic dilatation and spasmolytic polypeptide‐expressing metaplasia (SPEM) in the stomach. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the expression of AQP4 is changed by the condition of acid suppression and Helicobacter pylori infection.MethodsMale H2R knockout mice and their controls (C57BL/6) were used. H. pylori was orally infected at the age of 5 weeks. The distributions of AQP4 and H+/K+‐ATPase in the gastric mucosa were investigated by fluorescent immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expressions of AQP4, H+/K+‐ ATPase, sonic hedgehog (Shh), and trefoil factor‐2 (TFF2) were investigated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).ResultsIn the H2R knockout mice, the distribution of AQP4‐positive parietal cells was extended toward the surface of the fundic glands. Although the mRNA expression levels of AQP4 and H+/K+ ATPase were elevated in H2R knockout mice at the age of 20 weeks, the elevations were not maintained by aging or H. pylori infection. In H2R knockout mice with H. pylori infection, the expression level of TFF2 mRNA was elevated while the ratio between AQP4 and H+/K+ ATPase mRNA expression was decreased compared with the H2R knockout mice without H. pylori infection.ConclusionsIn the H2R knockout mice, massive SPEM was induced by H. pylori colonization and the ratio between AQP4 and H+/K+ ATPase mRNA expression was decreased.