bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Will the Expansion of Northern Snakehead Negatively Affect the Fishery for Largemouth Bass in the Potomac River (Chesapeake Bay)?
Authors: Love Joseph W. , Newhard Joshua J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A modeling study was conducted to determine if the expansion of invasive northern snakehead Channa argus could negatively affect the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides population size in Potomac River (Chesapeake Bay). Current distributions for both species were generated using catch records. Northern snakehead was not widely distributed during the study period and occurred mainly in upstream areas of tributaries. Many of these areas were moderately or highly suitable habitats for largemouth bass. Of sites where juvenile largemouth bass were collected, 10.6% were associated with northern snakehead. Using population modeling and measured predator–prey interactions, we determined that this level of co-occurrence would result in a 3.8% reduction in largemouth bass population size. This prediction is consistent with current observations that indicate there has not been a negative trend in the largemouth bass fishery. As co-occurrence was increased in the model, however, the negative impact of northern snakehead on largemouth bass monotonically increased. The time required for such increases in northern snakehead distribution is not known. If northern snakehead continues to expand its range in the absence of control measures, then our population model, with its assumptions, predicts a 35.5% reduction in the abundance of largemouth bass in the Potomac River.
Received February 6, 2012; accepted June 7, 2012
Influence of Hook Size and Style on Short-Term Survival of Deeply Hooked Bluegills
Authors: Robert Justin J. , Larocque Sarah M. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Catch and release is a common practice among recreational anglers. In instances when fish are deeply hooked, the proper techniques for promoting survival are poorly understood, although evidence suggests that the fishing line should be cut rather than attempting to remove the hook. Bluegills Lepomis macrochirus were used as a model to identify the role of hook size (sizes 8 and 12), style (Aberdeen, baitholder, single egg), and the presence of barbs (only for baitholder hooks in size 10) on survival and hook retention for fish deeply hooked and the line cut. Eight hook style and size variants were manually embedded in the dorsal esophagus of fish, monitored over 10 d, and compared with unhooked controls. There was some evidence that Aberdeen style and larger hooks (size 8) incurred greater mortality over the 10-d monitoring period, while barbless hooks did not improve survival. Hook retention was high (&gt;90%) for all deeply hooked fish. “J” style hooks, such as Aberdeen, and larger hooks may not be warranted for bluegills; however, we suggest that anglers use an adaptive approach when they select for a gear type appropriate to their target catch and simply adjust for alternate gear and techniques if deep hooking persists.
Received May 25, 2012; accepted June 5, 2012
THE EFFECT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON PARENTAL FINANCIAL SUPPORT FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF THE GIVERS AND THE RECEIVERS
Authors: Majamaa Karoliina 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
The labour market and the welfare state have been the main institutions responsible for economic welfare in the Nordic countries, whereas the family's role has been mostly complementary. However, this may be changing as the welfare state's role weakens due to cost-containment goals. Based on data sets covering two generations, this study shows that well educated parents in particular are supporting their adult children financially especially while they are studying. Overall, the results suggest that the interaction between the parents' socio-economic position and parental financial backing is stronger than previous studies have indicated. This could lead to diminishing egalitarianism in education alongside class reproduction even in the Nordic welfare states. The results are based on questionnaire data obtained from families across two generations: baby boomers and their adult children. The former data set comprised 1,115 randomly selected Finns born in 1945–1950, and the latter consisted of 1,435 adult children. Merged data was obtained from 911 adult children who were identifiable as offspring of specific parents from the baby boomers' data set. Multinomial logistic regression was used in the analysis.
The Potential Use of Ultrasound to Control the Trematode Bolbophorus confusus by Eliminating the Ram's Horn Snail Planorbella trivolvis in Commercial Aquaculture Settings
Authors: Goodwiller Bradley T , Chambers James P 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
One method in the investigation of acoustics to improve aquaculture production is the use of ultrasound to control the trematode Bolbophorus confusus in commercial catfish Ictalurus spp. ponds. The trematode population can be controlled by eliminating the host, ram's horn snail Planorbella trivolvis, which is typically accomplished with chemical treatments. The work presented here investigates snail elimination via exposure to high amplitude ultrasound. Initial laboratory tests indicated that a commercially available sonicator (operating at 20 kHz) is capable of quickly killing individual snails in test tanks. More thorough testing indicated efficacy rates of at least 35% (potentially 65%) on batches of 10 snails in a reverberant environment. The experimental setup of these initial laboratory tests provided nearly 20 decibels of gain in sound levels compared to what is expected in ponds. This is due to reverberation from the air surrounding the tank walls, as opposed to absorption at the bottom and sides of ponds. Additional tests were run in an anechoic environment to mimic pond absorption and showed lower efficacy rates, indicating that the final field deployable device will need to compensate for the 20 decibels of gain. The work presented here constitutes the proof of concept and basic research for the design and development of a field deployable system capable of killing a significant percentage of a snail population with no or reduced amounts of chemicals.
Surplus Production Model Accuracy in Populations Affected by a No-Take Marine Protected Area
Authors: Pincin Jennifer S. , Wilberg Michael J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly used as a tool in fisheries management. However, implementation of an MPA violates common assumptions for fishery stock assessments that provide estimates of abundance and fishing mortality for management. Thus, it is important to understand the effects of MPAs on estimates from stock assessments. We conducted a simulation study to determine the effects of MPAs on accuracy of surplus production model (SPM) stock assessments. We simulated the dynamics of a population that had part of its range in an MPA, and we assessed the population with spatially aggregated and spatially explicit SPMs under a range of conditions, including different MPA sizes (percentage of the total stock area), different rates of migration between MPA and non-MPA regions, and scenarios with high and low observation error in the indices of abundance. We also considered a scenario in which there was no available index of abundance within the MPA. We used the median of the absolute value of relative error and the median relative error from 200 replicates/scenario to test SPM accuracy. In most cases, spatially explicit SPMs performed better in both accuracy and bias than spatially aggregated SPMs. The accuracy of the assessments also increased as MPA size increased except under the scenario of no index of abundance within the MPA; for that scenario, accuracy increased as MPA size decreased. Monitoring of the stock within the MPA is essential for conducting accurate stock assessments in areas with MPAs.
Received November 30, 2011; accepted April 7, 2012
A “True Likeness”: The Renaissance City Portrait*
Authors: Maier Jessica 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPortraits of cities and of human beings shared a nomenclature and developed along parallel courses in the Renaissance. This article traces their common history, examining evolving notions of likeness and approaches to the visual fashioning of identity across both categories of imagery, then considers one urban subject, Rome, that embodied all the challenges of the genre. In representations of the Eternal City such as those by Leonardo Bufalini and Mario Cartaro, artists sought to convey the appearance of Rome in their own time along with that of its glorious past, and to balance what they could see with an imagined, timeless ideal. In this way, images of Rome offer new insight into early modern portraiture and representation in general.
War and Seduction in Cybele’s Garden: Contextualizing theBallet des Polonais*
Authors: Kociszewska Ewa 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article examines theBallet des Polonais(1573), a magnificent festival given by Catherine de Médicis on the occasion of the election of her son, Henri de Valois, the future Henri III of France, to the throne of Poland. It argues that the invention of spectacle, as described in the official Latin account by the poet and humanist Jean Dorat, is much more relevant to the political situation of the time than scholars have previously recognized. Placed in an immediate historical, literary, and visual context, the text of theBalletmakes allusions to contemporary topics, including the military glory of Henri de Valois and the imperial destiny of the French monarchy. The elaborate web of references to books 5 and 9 of theAeneidand to Catullus 64 displays the primary role of Catherine de Médicis, who is lauded for overcoming her maternal sorrow at Henri’s departure for the sake of promoting the Valois Empire.
Proton pump inhibitors are associated with a high rate of serious infections in veterans with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Bajaj J. S. , Ratliff S. M. , Heuman D. M. , Lapane K. L. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryBackgroundThere is increasing evidence that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increase the rate of infections in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.AimsTo estimate the extent to which proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increase the rate of infections among patients with decompensated cirrhosis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective propensity‐matched new user design using US Veterans Health Administration data. Only decompensated cirrhotic patients from 2001 to 2009 were included. New PPI users after decompensation (n = 1268) were 1:1 matched to those who did not initiate gastric acid suppression. Serious infections, defined as infections associated with a hospitalisation, were the outcomes. These were separated into acid suppression‐related (SBP, bacteremia, Clostridium difficile and pneumonia) and non‐acid suppression‐related. Time‐varying Cox models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs of serious infections. Parallel analyses were conducted with H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA).ResultsMore than half of persons with decompensated cirrhosis were new users of gastric acid suppressants, with most using PPIs (45.6%) compared with H2RAs (5.9%). In the PPI propensity‐matched analysis, 25.3% developed serious infections and 25.9% developed serious infections in the H2RA analysis. PPI users developed serious infections faster than nongastric acid suppression users (adjusted HR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.31–2.12). For acid suppression‐related serious infections, PPI users developed the outcome at a rate 1.75 times faster than non‐users (95% CI: 1.32–2.34). The H2RA findings were not statistically significant (HR serious infections: 1.59; 95% CI: 0.80–3.18; HR acid suppression‐related infections: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.31–2.73).ConclusionAmong patients with decompensated cirrhosis, proton pump inhibitors but not H2 receptor antagonists increase the rate of serious infections.
Towards a sustainable fisheries policy in Europe
Authors: Salomon Markus , Holm‐Müller Karin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe reform of the European Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) in 2013 decides whether the European fisheries can be put on a sustainable course in the next 10 years. The CFP reform must halt overexploitation of fish resources and stop harm to the marine environment by fishing activities. The European Commission published a reform proposal just recently. This proposal is already an important first step in the right direction, but is under threat of being watered down by the Fisheries Council. Necessary improvements of the current CFP include among others a binding definition of a sustainable stock management, a discard ban for all fish species, transferable fishing concessions and a cessation of all aid for building new vessels. These modifications pave the way for placing micromanagement in the hands of regions and fisheries so as to foster self‐responsibility among fishers and give greater consideration to regional circumstances.
Invasion of the shelter snatchers: behavioural plasticity in invasive red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii
Authors: HANSHEW BRETT A. , GARCIA TIFFANY S. 
Published: September 2012

Summary1. In many freshwater systems, competition for shelter plays an important role in determining the persistence of both native and alien species. The red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is currently invading the native habitat of the signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus, in southern Oregon, and interspecific competition for shelter may be driving the species replacement in this region.2. We designed a 2 × 3 factorial mesocosm experiment, with shelter density and species combination as factors, to investigate shelter occupancy and resource competition. Contrary to our predictions, the two crayfish species are equal competitors for shelter. Further, the invasive P. clarkii modified its shelter occupancy behaviour in the presence of the native P. leniusculus and has broader microhabitat preferences.3. Specifically, we found that P. clarkii alters shelter occupancy and space use patterns when the two species occurred together, such that shelter use was identical between P. clarkii and P. leniusculus in mixed‐species treatments. In such treatments, both species increased their use of shelters when shelter density increased. When P. clarkii was alone, however, individuals did not alter shelter use as a function of shelter density, whereas P. leniusculus exhibited similar density‐dependent behaviour in both mixed‐ and single‐species treatments.4. In a complementary field survey, we employed an ‘epicentre‐based’ design to sample two field sites. We observed patterns of microhabitat use and breadth for each species similar to those in our mesocosm experiment: the invasive P. clarkii was more abundant across different habitats and used a broader range of microhabitats than the native P. leniusculus. As such, we found that P. clarkii was more abundant across both field sites than the P. leniusculus, occupying microhabitats within and beyond the preferred range of P. leniusculus. Both field sites were affected by urban development and agriculture.5. The use of microhabitats by both species was similar in the laboratory and the field. This study confirms that P. clarkii individuals can, and do, successfully occupy microhabitats preferred by P. leniusculus in the Willamette Valley. The results from our study may be relevant to other freshwater systems inhabited by P. clarkii and contribute to the understanding of ‘niche opportunity’, a concept which defines the environmental conditions that promote biological invasions.
Establishing criteria for higher‐level classification using molecular data: the systematics ofPolyommatusblue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)
Authors: Talavera Gerard , Lukhtanov Vladimir A. , Pierce Naomi E. , Vila Roger 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMost taxonomists agree on the need to adapt current classifications to recognize monophyletic units. However, delineations between higher taxonomic units can be based on the relative ages of different lineages and/or the level of morphological differentiation. In this paper, we address these issues in considering the species‐richPolyommatussection, a group of butterflies whose taxonomy has been highly controversial. We propose a taxonomy‐friendly, flexible temporal scheme for higher‐level classification. Using molecular data from nine markers (6666 bp) for 104 representatives of thePolyommatussection, representing all but two of the 81 described genera/subgenera and five outgroups, we obtained a complete and well resolved phylogeny for this clade. We use this to revise the systematics of thePolyommatusblues, and to define criteria that best accommodate the described genera within a phylogenetic framework. First, we normalize the concept of section (Polyommatus) and propose the use of subtribe (Polyommatina) instead. To preserve taxonomic stability and traditionally recognized taxa, we designate an age interval (4–5 Myr) instead of a fixed minimum age to define genera. The application of these criteria results in the retention of 31 genera of the 81 formally described generic names, and necessitates the description of one new genus (Rueckbeiliagen. nov.). We note that while classifications should be based on phylogenetic data, applying a rigid universal scheme is rarely feasible. Ideally, taxon age limits should be applied according to the particularities and pre‐existing taxonomy of each group. We demonstrate that the concept of a morphological gap may be misleading at the genus level and can produce polyphyletic genera, and we propose that recognition of the existence of cryptic genera may be useful in taxonomy.
The ABCB6 mutation p.Arg192Trp is a recessive mutation causing the Lan− blood type
Authors: Saison C. , Helias V. , Peyrard T. , Merad L. , Cartron J.‐P. , Arnaud L. 
Published: September 2012

Background and Objective  The membrane transporter ABCB6 has recently been shown to carry the high‐frequency red‐blood‐cell (RBC) antigen Lan. All the Lan− individuals genotyped so far have inherited two recessive null mutations in ABCB6. The finding of a family with the Lan− blood type occurring in two successive generations prompted this study.Methods  Mutations in ABCB6 were searched by Sanger sequencing of exons and flanking intronic regions. Expression analysis of the Lan antigen was carried out by serology and flow cytometry. PCR‐RFLP genotyping and Western blot analysis were also applied.Results  All the Lan− members of this family were homozygous for c.574C>T, p.Arg192Trp in ABCB6 while the Lan+ members were heterozygous for this missense mutation encoded by the SNP rs149202834. Homozygosity for p.Arg192Trp was associated not only with absence of the Lan antigen, but also of the ABCB6 transporter in RBC membrane. The complete absence of Lan expression resulting from p.Arg192Trp homozygosity was confirmed by the subsequent identification of five unrelated Lan− individuals who were homozygous for this mutation and who developed an anti‐Lan. We also provide evidence that three other single amino acid mutations in ABCB6 (c.826C >T, p.Arg276Trp; c.85_87delTTC, p.Phe29del; c.1762G >A, p.Gly588Ser) may also define ABCB6 null alleles.Conclusion  p.Arg192Trp is the first ABCB6 missense mutation causing the Lan− blood type and appears to be a relatively frequent cause of this rare blood type. Like the previously reported frameshift, nonsense and essential splice‐site mutations in ABCB6, this missense mutation is recessive and defines an ABCB6 null allele. Other single amino acid mutations in ABCB6 may also cause the Lan− blood type.
Does an educational intervention improve the usefulness of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales in an acute mental health setting?
Authors: Webster Joan , Bretherton Fiona , Goulter Nicole S. , Fawcett Lisa 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to measure the effect of an educational intervention on the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) completion rates. Additionally, interrater reliability and accuracy amongst nurses completing the instrument was assessed. We used a pre‐ and post‐intervention design with videoed vignettes providing the basis for the educational intervention. Mental health nurses were assessed four times: at baseline, immediately after the intervention, 1 week later and again, 2 months after the intervention. There was a non‐statistical increase in the number of patients assessed on admission using the HoNOS from 12.5% to 22.6%. Interrater reliability was low and did not improve through the course of the study. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged 0.41–0.48. Accuracy was poor when discrete scoring between 0–4 was analyzed but improved when scores were dichotomised to reflect a clinically significant cut‐off of 2 or more. The intervention improved completion rates marginally but interrater reliability and accuracy were low and did not improve over the study period. Opportunities for improvement were identified.
Decreased axonal transport rates in the Tg2576 APP transgenic mouse: improvement with the gamma‐secretase inhibitor MRK‐560 as detected by manganese‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Wang Fu‐Hua , Appelkvist Paulina , Klason Tomas , Gissberg Olle , Bogstedt Anna , Eliason Kristina , Martinsson Stefan , Briem Sveinn , Andersson Anders , Visser Sandra A. G. , Ivarsson Magnus , Lindberg Mattias , Agerman Karin , Sandin Johan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNeuropil deposition of beta‐amyloid (Aβ) peptides is believed to be a key event in the neurodegenerative process of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An early and consistent clinical finding in AD is olfactory dysfunction with associated pathology. Interestingly, transgenic amyloid precursor protein (Tg2576) mice also show early amyloid pathology in olfactory regions. Moreover, a recent study indicates that axonal transport is compromised in the olfactory system of Tg2576 mice, as measured by manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI). Here we tested whether the putative axonal transport deficit in the Tg2576 mouse model improves in response to a selective gamma‐secretase inhibitor, N‐[cis‐4‐[(4‐chlorophenyl)‐sulfonyl]‐4‐(2,5‐difluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]‐1,1,1‐trifluoromethanesulfonamide (MRK‐560). Tg2576 mice or wild‐type (WT) littermates were treated daily with MRK‐560 (30 μmol/kg) or vehicle for 4 (acute) or 29 days (chronic). The subsequent MEMRI analysis revealed a distinct axonal transport dysfunction in the Tg2576 mice compared with its littermate controls. Interestingly, the impairment of axonal transport could be fully reversed by chronic administration of MRK‐560, in line with the significantly lowered levels of both soluble and insoluble forms of Aβ found in the brain and olfactory bulbs (OBs) following treatment. However, no improvement of axonal transport was observed after acute treatment with MRK‐560, where soluble but not insoluble forms of Aβ were reduced in the brain and OBs. The present results show that axonal transport is impaired in Tg2576 mice compared with WT controls, as measured by MEMRI. Chronic treatment in vivo with a gamma‐secretase inhibitor, MRK‐560, significantly reduces soluble and insoluble forms of Aβ, and fully reverses the axonal transport dysfunction.