bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Potential for Consumer Segmentation in the Finnish Housing Market
Authors: GIBLER KAREN M. , TYVIMAA TANJA 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article examines whether cluster analysis can be used to identify groups of Finnish residents with similar housing preferences. Because homebuilders in Finland have been providing relatively homogeneous products to an increasingly diverse population, current housing may not represent the occupiers' preferences so a segmentation approach relying on socioeconomic characteristics and expressed preferences may not be sufficient. We use data collected via questionnaire in a principal component analysis followed by a hierarchical cluster analysis to determine whether different combinations of housing attributes are important to groups of residents. We can identify four clusters of housing residents based on important characteristics when looking for a house. The clusters describe Finnish people in different phases of the life cycle and with different preferences based on their recreational activities and financial expenditures. Mass customization of housing could be used to better appeal to these different clusters of consumers who share similar preferences, increasing consumer satisfaction and improving profitability.
Masticatory efficiency in complete denture wearers with reduced dental arches – a randomised cross‐over study
Authors: Iegami C. M. , Barbosa W. F. , Furuyama R. J. , Lima J. R. B. , de Campos T. T. , Minagi S. , Tamaki R. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryOne obstacle to placing artificial posterior teeth in manufacturing complete dentures is a reduction of the space between the maxilla and the mandible. Occasionally, second molar placement is not performed, as it does not affect aesthetics, phonetics or comfort. The aim of this study was to compare the masticatory efficiency between patients wearing maxillary and mandibular complete dentures with reduced dental arches (without second molars) (WSM) and with full dental arches (FDA). Twenty subjects were divided into two groups and randomly received new complete dentures. Patients in Group 1 were given dentures WSM, and those in Group 2 were given dentures with FDA. After the post‐placement visits, an initial masticatory efficiency test was performed with Optocal, an artificial test food. Fifteen days later, second molars were placed in Group 1 and removed from Group 2, and a new test was performed. Comminuted material was treated and sieved under vibration. The mean and standard deviation of masticatory efficiency with FDA were 10·4 and 8·1, respectively. In the tests WSM, the mean and standard deviation were 8·4 and 3·3, respectively. After removing the second molars in Group 2 and adding them in Group 1, the mean and standard deviation were 15·7 and 14·7 for Group 1 and 12·5 and 10·4 for Group 2, respectively. Within the limitations of this study, placing artificial teeth up to the first molars can be performed when needed without compromising masticatory efficiency.
Molecular Evidence for the Association of Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus with a Leaf Curl Disease of Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Authors: Kamaal Naimuddin , Akram Mohammad , Agnihotri Aniruddha Kumar 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA leaf curl disease with symptoms typical of begomoviruses was observed in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) at the Main Research Farm of the Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India. Infected plants had severe distortion of leaves and the plants were unproductive. PCR indicated the involvement of French bean leaf curl virus (JQ866297), a recently described Begomovirus, and Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus (ToLCGV). The full‐length genome of ToLCGV associated with leaf curl disease of bean was 2757 nucleotides long and had maximum identity (97–98%) with seven isolates of ToLCGV (AY234383, AF449999, EU573714, GQ994098, AY190290, FR819708, AF413671) and is designated as Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus‐(IN:Knp:Bean:2013) (KF440686). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of ToLCGV infecting a leguminous host, P. vulgaris.
Development of a Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay to Detect Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Lu Chenchen , Dai Tingting , Zhang HaiFeng , Wang YuanChao , Zheng XiaoBo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe report the development of a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the CYP51C element for visual detection of F. oxysporum which caused Fusarium wilt in soybean. The CYP51C‐LAMP assay efficiently amplified the target gene in 60 min at 62°C. And specificity was evaluated against F. oxysporum, Fusarium spp. and other fungal species. The detection limit of the CYP51C‐specific LAMP assay for F. oxysporum was four conidia per gram soil. The assay also detected F. oxysporum from inoculated soybean tissues and residues. These results suggest that this CYP51C‐LAMP assay can be used to detect residues on plants in the field.
Penetration Behaviour of Venturia nashicola, Associated with Hydrogen Peroxide Generation, in Asian and European Pear Leaves
Authors: Jiang Shan , Park Pyoyun , Ishii Hideo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe penetration behaviour of the pathogen Venturia nashicola, which causes scab disease in Asian pears, was studied at the ultrastructural and cytochemical levels in host and non‐host leaves. We show, for the first time, that before V. nashicola penetrated the cuticle of the epidermis of the pear leaf, the appressorial bottom of the pathogen invaginated to form a cavity that contains electron‐dense material. The leaf cuticle beneath the cavity also became highly electron dense following penetration by V. nashicola. The location of these electron‐dense materials at the sites of penetration of the pathogen into plant cell walls suggests that they might be related to enzymes capable of degrading cell walls and that the cavities might be needed for successful penetration of leaves by V. nashicola. The generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was observed in penetration‐related infection structures of V. nashicola, such as appressorial bottoms, infection sacs, penetration pegs and necks of subcuticular hyphae regardless of whether the interaction of V. nashicola with pear plants was compatible or incompatible. Nonetheless, more H2O2 was generated at the sites of the structures in scab‐inoculated susceptible leaves than that in scab‐inoculated resistant ones. Furthermore, the decrease in the level of H2O2 generation following treatment with the antioxidant ascorbic acid partially prevented the penetration of the cuticle. Therefore, the generation of H2O2 from the penetration‐related structures might be a pathogenicity factor that contributes to strengthening the penetration peg of V. nashicola.
Conjectures Concerning Cross-Sex Hormone Treatment of Aging Transsexual Persons
Authors: Gooren Louis , Lips Paul 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Guidelines for cross-sex hormone treatment of transsexual people are now in place. However, little attention has been paid to the issue of treatment suitability for older people. Does existing treatment need to be adapted as subjects age, and does it make a difference if treatment is only started when the subject is already older?

Aim
To assess the necessity of adapting cross-sex hormone administration for elderly transsexual people.

Main Outcome Measures
Risks/benefits of continued use of cross-sex hormones with regard to bone health, cardiovascular risks, and malignancies.

Methods
Due to lack of data on the subject population, sex hormone treatment of other conditions in older non-transsexual people has been taken as the best available analogy to determine the extent to which these might be applicable to comparable transsexual persons. Findings in transsexual people receiving cross-sex hormone treatment sometimes modified the above approach of applying guidelines for the elderly to the aging transsexual population.

Results
Testosterone administration to female-to-male transsexual persons (FtoM) carries little risk with regard to cardiovascular disease and cancer. For those with high hematocrit or cardiac insufficiency the dose can be reduced. Administration of estrogens to male-to-female transsexual persons (MtoF), particularly when combined with progestins, does significantly increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (almost a twofold incidence compared with the general population). This may require dose adjustment or changing from oral to safer transdermal estrogens. Tumors of the breasts, prostate and pituitary may occur. In FtoM, breast cancer can occur even after breast ablation. Older subjects can commence cross-sex hormone treatment without disproportionate risks.

Conclusion
Cross-sex hormones may be continued into old age but monitoring for cardiovascular disease and malignancies, both of the old and new sex, is recommended. MtoF will have more health complications in old age than FtoM requiring adaptations of treatment.
Hepatitis E infection in HIV‐infected liver and kidney transplant candidates
Authors: Sherman K. E. , Terrault N. , Barin B. , Rouster S. D. , Shata M. T. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryHepatitis E virus (HEV) has been reported to cause acute and chronic hepatitis in those with HIV infection and among solid organ transplant recipients in Europe. Limited data indicate that HEV is endemic in the United States, but the prevalence and significance of HEV infection among those with HIV and awaiting solid organ transplantation is unknown. We evaluated anti‐HEV IgM and IgG antibodies and HEV RNA in 166 HIV‐infected solid organ transplant candidates enrolled in the NIH HIV‐Transplant Cohort. Overall prevalence of anti‐HEV IgG approached 20% in both liver and renal transplant candidates. Evidence of recent infection was present in approximately 2% of liver transplant candidates and none of the kidney transplant candidates. HEV RNA was not detected in any patient. We conclude that markers of HEV infection are frequent among candidates for transplantation, but active, ongoing viremia is not seen. Evidence of recent infection (acute on chronic) liver disease was present in liver but not kidney recipients.
Predictive value of serum actin‐free Gc‐globulin for complications and outcome in acute liver failure
Authors: Bagchi A. , Kumar S. , Ray P. C. , Das B. C. , Gumma P. K. , Kar P. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis prospective study was designed to evaluate whether early changes in actin‐free Gc‐globulin levels were associated with complications and outcomes and to identify factors associated with persistent low actin‐free Gc‐globulin levels in acute liver failure (ALF). Thirty‐two consecutive ALF patients admitted from October 2011 to December 2012 were followed up until death or complete recovery. All had serum actin‐free Gc‐globulin estimation at admission and at day three or expiry. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of mortality. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was also performed. Nonsurvivors had significantly lower median actin‐free Gc‐globulin levels than survivors (87.32 vs 180 mg/L; P < 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an area under curve (AUC) of 0.771 and showed that serum actin‐free Gc‐globulin level of ≤124 mg/L would predict mortality with 92% sensitivity and 71.4% specificity. Patients with lower serum actin‐free Gc‐globulin levels and decreasing trend in serum actin‐free Gc‐globulin levels were found to have more mortality and developed more complications. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum actin‐free Gc‐globulin, total leucocyte count and serum creatinine at admission were independent predictors of mortality. Incorporating these variables, a score predicting mortality risk at admission was derived. The scoring system was compared to MELD score and King's College Criteria as individual predictor of mortality. Serum actin‐free Gc‐globulin level at presentation is predictive of outcome and can be used for risk stratification. Its persistent low‐level predicts mortality and is correlated with various complications.
Transitions in the Labour Market: Discouragement Effect and Individual Characteristics
Authors: Baussola Maurizio , Mussida Chiara 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe present work analyses the unemployment gender gap in Italy for the period 2004–11. We present a methodology for decomposing the natural rate of unemployment, thus defining it in terms of equilibrium labour market flows between the aggregate states of the labour market (Employment, Unemployment, Inactivity). In addition, we offer estimates of the determinants of the unemployment gender gap to pinpoint the relative role of individual characteristics and structural factors in determining this difference.
Lunar meteorite, Dhofar 1428: Feldspathic breccia containing KREEP and meteoritic components
Authors: Hidaka Yoshihiro , Yamaguchi Akira , Ebihara Mitsuru 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe have studied the feldspathic lunar meteorite Dhofar 1428 chemically and petrologically to better understand the evolution of the lunar surface. Dhofar 1428 is a feldspathic regolith breccia derived from the lunar highland. Bulk chemical and mineral compositions of Dhofar 1428 are similar to those of other feldspathic lunar meteorites. We found a few clasts of evolved lithologies, such as K‐rich plagioclases and quartz monzogabbro. Dhofar 1428 contains approximately 1 wt% of chondritic materials like CM chondrite on the basis of abundances of platinum group elements (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt).
Hydrothermal origin of hexagonal CaAl2Si2O8 (dmisteinbergite) in a compact type A CAI from the Northwest Africa 2086 CV3 chondrite
Authors: Fintor Krisztian , Park Changkun , Nagy Szabolcs , Pál‐Molnár Elemér , Krot Alexander N. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe report an occurrence of hexagonal CaAl2Si2O8 (dmisteinbergite) in a compact type A calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusion (CAI) from the CV3 (Vigarano‐like) carbonaceous chondrite Northwest Africa 2086. Dmisteinbergite occurs as approximately 10 μm long and few micrometer‐thick lath‐shaped crystal aggregates in altered parts of the CAI, and is associated with secondary nepheline, sodalite, Ti‐poor Al‐diopside, grossular, and Fe‐rich spinel. Spinel is the only primary CAI mineral that retained its original O‐isotope composition (Δ17O ~ −24‰); Δ17O values of melilite, perovskite, and Al,Ti‐diopside range from −3 to −11‰, suggesting postcrystallization isotope exchange. Dmisteinbergite, anorthite, Ti‐poor Al‐diopside, and ferroan olivine have 16O‐poor compositions (Δ17O ~ −3‰). We infer that dmisteinbergite, together with the other secondary minerals, formed by replacement of melilite as a result of fluid‐assisted thermal metamorphism experienced by the CV chondrite parent asteroid. Based on the textural appearance of dmisteinbergite in NWA 2086 and petrographic observations of altered CAIs from the Allende meteorite, we suggest that dmisteinbergite is a common secondary mineral in CAIs from the oxidized Allende‐like CV3 chondrites that has been previously misidentified as a secondary anorthite.
Dynamic Modeling for Development and Education: From Concepts to Numbers
Authors: Van Geert Paul 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe general aim of the article is to teach the reader how to transform conceptual models of change, development, and learning into mathematical expressions and how to use these equations to build dynamic models by means of the widely used spreadsheet program Excel. The explanation is supported by a number of Excel files, which the reader can download at
www.paulvangeert.nl/articles_appendices.htm. The article begins with a discussion of how to define variables in the context of modeling and the difference with the context of measurement. It proceeds with a simple dynamic model to give the reader a general idea, and continues with an explanation of the extended logistic model, which can be conceived of as a building block of more complex growth models pertaining to learning and development. The final section discusses the building of a concrete developmental model, answering the question of why girls like pink.
Specific domains of plant defensins differentially disrupt colony initiation, cell fusion and calcium homeostasis in Neurospora crassa
Authors: Muñoz Alberto , Chu Meiling , Marris Peter I. , Sagaram Uma S. , Kaur Jagdeep , Shah Dilip M. , Read Nick D. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryMsDef1 and MtDef4 from Medicago spp. are small cysteine‐rich defensins with potent antifungal activity against a broad range of filamentous fungi. Each defensin has a hallmark γ‐core motif (GXCX3–9C), which contains major determinants of its antifungal activity. In this study, the antifungal activities of MsDef1, MtDef4, and peptides derived from their γ‐core motifs, were characterized during colony initiation in the fungal model, Neurospora crassa. These defensins and their cognate peptides inhibited conidial germination and accompanying cell fusion with different potencies. The inhibitory effects of MsDef1 were strongly mediated by the plasma membrane localized sphingolipid glucosylceramide. Cell fusion was selectively inhibited by the hexapeptide RGFRRR derived from the γ‐core motif of MtDef4. Fluorescent labelling of this hexapeptide showed that it strongly bound to the germ tube plasma membrane/cell wall. Using N. crassa expressing the Ca2+ reporter aequorin, MsDef1, MtDef4 and their cognate peptides were each shown to perturb Ca2+ homeostasis in specific and distinct ways, and the disruptive effects of MsDef1 on Ca2+ were mediated by glucosylceramide. Together, our results demonstrate that MsDef1 and MtDef4 differ markedly in their antifungal properties and specific domains within their γ‐core motifs play important roles in their different modes of antifungal action.
Genetic differentiation among coastal and offshore common bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, in the eastern North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Lowther‐Thieleking Janet L. , Archer Frederick I. , Lang Aimee R. , Weller David W. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCommon bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are found worldwide in temperate and tropical regions, often occurring as distinct coastal and offshore ecotypes. Along the west coast of the United States, two stocks are recognized for management based on morphological and photo‐identification studies: a California coastal stock, estimated at 450–500 individuals, and a California/Oregon/Washington offshore stock of about 1,000 animals. This study is the first to analyze genetic differentiation between these stocks. We examined both the hypervariable portion of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and fifteen microsatellite markers for coastal (n = 64) and offshore (n = 69) dolphins. Significant genetic differentiation was found between the two stocks for mtDNA (ΦST = 0.30, P < 0.001; FST = 0.14, P < 0.001) and microsatellite loci (FST = 0.19, P < 0.001). Coastal dolphins had less genetic diversity than offshore dolphins. Further substructuring within the offshore stock was not detected. The level of genetic differentiation between the coastal and offshore dolphins is consistent with long‐term separation and reinforces recognizing them as separate stocks. These findings are particularly important for management of the smaller, less genetically diverse, coastal stock that is vulnerable to a variety of anthropogenic threats.
Survival and abundance of short‐finned pilot whales in the archipelago of Madeira, NE Atlantic
Authors: Alves Filipe , Dinis Ana , Nicolau Cátia , Ribeiro Cláudia , Kaufmann Manfred , Fortuna Caterina , Freitas Luís 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEstimates of population parameters for the short‐finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus, are scarce in literature, contributing to an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) status of Data Deficient. In this study, photo‐identification data collected over 7 yr from Madeira were used to estimate for the first time survivorship, capture probability, and abundance in this species using mark‐recapture methodology. The Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber model estimated that the adult island‐associated (i.e., resident and regular visitor) whales had a constant survival rate of 0.960 (95% CI: 0.853–0.990) and an annual capture probability varying between 0.372 (CI: 0.178–0.619) and 0.843 (CI: 0.619–0.947). A parameterization of the Jolly‐Seber model estimated that 140 island‐associated whales (CI: 131–151) used the area throughout the course of the study. Based on a closed population model, the most precise (lower CV) annual estimate of the total number of pilot whales using the southern and eastern waters of Madeira (~900 km2) in a 3 mo period covering summer/autumn was 334 animals (CI: 260–437). No trend was observed. Despite including biases, the approach used in this study provided plausible estimates of population parameters, which can contribute to the regional conservation strategies.
Asymmetric Quantile Persistence and Predictability: the Case of US Inflation
Authors: Manzan Sebastiano , Zerom Dawit 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article investigates the evidence of time‐variation and asymmetry in the persistence of US inflation. We compare the out‐of‐sample performance of different forecasting models and find that quantile forecasts from an Auto‐Regressive (AR) model with level‐dependent volatility are at least as accurate as the forecasts of the Quantile Auto‐Regressive model, in particular for the core inflation measures. Our results indicate that the persistence of core inflation has been relatively constant and high, but it declined for the headline inflation measures. We also find that the asymmetric persistence of inflation shocks can be mostly attributed to the positive relation between inflation level and its volatility.
Influence of age of onset on limbic and paralimbic structures in depression
Authors: Jaworska Natalia , MacMaster Frank P. , Yang Xiao‐Ru , Courtright Allegra , Pradhan Sarah , Gaxiola Ismael , Cortese Filomeno , Goodyear Bradley , Ramasubbu Rajamannar 
Published: April 2014

AimMajor depressive disorder (MDD) onset during childhood/adolescence is associated with a greater illness burden and distinct clinical profile. However, limited research exists on the effect of age of MDD onset on volumetric abnormalities in para/limbic structures during adulthood.MethodsSubgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), hippocampus and caudate nucleus volumes were measured by manual tracing in depressed individuals (n = 45) and healthy controls (HC; n = 19). Volumetric comparisons were carried out between HC and MDD patients divided into those with pediatric (≤18 years; n = 17) and adult onset (≥19 years; n = 28).ResultsThe adult MDD‐onset group had smaller sgACC volumes than the pediatric‐onset and HC groups (age, sex controlled). No differences in caudate and hippocampus volumes existed. sgACC and hippocampal volumes were inversely correlated with depression severity.ConclusionsSurprisingly, pediatric MDD‐onset was not associated with more pronounced sgACC, hippocampus and caudate volume reductions. Nevertheless, age of illness onset appears to be a meaningful dimension of study in efforts to understand the neurobiological heterogeneity of MDD.