bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coffee, tea, caffeine and risk of depression: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Grosso Giuseppe , Micek Agnieszka , Castellano Sabrina , Pajak Andzrej , Galvano Fabio 
Published: October 2015

ScopeThe aim of the study was to systematically review and analyze results from observational studies on coffee, caffeine, and tea consumption and association or risk of depression.Methods and resultsEmbase and PubMed databases were searched from inception to June 2015 for observational studies reporting the odds ratios or relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of depression by coffee/tea/caffeine consumption. Random effects models, subgroup analyses, and dose–response analyses were performed. Twelve studies with 23 datasets were included in the meta‐analysis, accounting for a total of 346 913 individuals and 8146 cases of depression. Compared to individuals with lower coffee consumption, those with higher intakes had pooled RR of depression of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.91). Dose–response effect suggests a nonlinear J‐shaped relation between coffee consumption and risk of depression with a peak of protective effect for 400 mL/day. A borderline nonsignificant association between tea consumption and risk of depression was found (RR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.48, 1.01), while significant results were found only for analysis of prospective studies regarding caffeine consumption (RR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.93).ConclusionThis study suggests a protective effect of coffee and, partially, of tea and caffeine on risk of depression.
Differentiating low‐ and high‐grade pediatric brain tumors using a continuous‐time random‐walk diffusion model at high b‐values
Authors: Karaman M. Muge , Sui Yi , Wang He , Magin Richard L. , Li Yuhua , Zhou Xiaohong Joe 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo demonstrate that a continuous‐time random‐walk (CTRW) diffusion model can improve diagnostic accuracy of differentiating low‐ and high‐grade pediatric brain tumors.MethodsFifty‐four children with histopathologically confirmed brain tumors underwent diffusion MRI scans at 3Twith 12 b‐values (0‐4000 s/mm2). The diffusion imageswere fit to a simplified CTRW model to extract anomalous diffusion coefficient, Dm, and temporal and spatial heterogeneity parameters, α and β, respectively. Using histopathology results as reference, a k‐means clustering algorithm and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were employed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the CTRW parameters in differentiating tumor grades.ResultsSignificant differences between the low‐ and high‐grade tumors were observed in the CTRW parameters (p‐values<0.001). The k‐means analysis showed that the combination of three CTRW parameters produced higher diagnostic accuracy (85% vs. 75%) and specificity (83% vs. 54%) than the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from a mono‐exponential model. The ROC analysis revealed that any combination of the CTRW parameters gave a larger area under the curve (0.90‐0.96) than using ADC (0.80).ConclusionWith its sensitivity to intravoxel heterogeneity, the simplified CTRW model is useful for non‐invasive grading of pediatric brain tumors, particularly when surgical biopsy is not feasible. Magn Reson Med 76:1149–1157, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A semiadiabatic spectral‐spatial spectroscopic imaging (SASSI) sequence for improved high‐field MR spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Feldman Rebecca E. , Balchandani Priti 
Published: October 2015

PurposeMR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) benefits from operation at 7T due to increased signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and spectral separation. The 180° radiofrequency (RF) pulses used in the conventional MRSI sequences are particularly susceptible to the variation in the transmitted RF (B1) field and severe chemical shift localization errors at 7T. RF power deposition, as measured by specific absorption rate (SAR), also increases with field strength. Adiabatic 180° RF pulses may mitigate the effects of B1 variation. We designed and implemented a semiadiabatic spectral‐spatial spectroscopic imaging (SASSI) pulse sequence to provide more uniform spectral data at 7T with reduced SAR.MethodsThe adiabatic Shinnar–Le Roux algorithm was used to generate a high bandwidth 180° adiabatic spectral‐spatial (SPSP) pulse that captured a spectral range containing the main metabolites of interest. A pair of 180° SPSP pulses was used to refocus the signal excited by a 90° SPSP pulse in order to select a 3D volume of interest in the SASSI sequence.ResultsThe SASSI pulse sequence produced spectra with more uniform brain metabolite SNR when compared with the conventional nonadiabatic MRSI sequence.ConclusionSASSI achieved comparable SNR to the current adiabatic alternative, semi‐LASER, but with 1/3 of the SAR. Magn Reson Med 76:1071–1082, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A quantitative study of susceptibility and additional frequency shift of three common materials in MRI
Authors: Xie He , Cheng Yu‐Chung N. , Kokeny Paul , Liu Saifeng , Hsieh Ching‐Yi , Haacke E. Mark , Palihawadana Arachchige Maheshika , Lawes Gavin 
Published: October 2015

PurposeThis work quantifies magnetic susceptibilities and additional frequency shifts derived from different samples.MethodsTwenty samples inside long straws were imaged with a multiecho susceptibility weighted imaging and analyzed with two approaches for comparisons. One approach applied our complex image summation around a spherical or cylindrical object method to phase distributions outside straws. The other approach utilized phase values inside each straw from two orientations. Both methods quantified susceptibilities of each sample at each echo time. The
value of each sample was measured too. Uncertainty of each measurement was also estimated.ResultsQuantified susceptibilities from complex image summation around a spherical or cylindrical object are consistent within uncertainties between different echo times. However, this is not the case for the other method. Nonetheless, most quantified susceptibilities are consistent between these two methods. Phase values due to additional frequency shifts in some of ferritin and nanoparticle samples have been identified. Only
values quantified from low concentration nanoparticle samples agree with the predictions from the static dephasing theory.ConclusionThis work suggests that using the sample sizes and phase values only outside samples can correctly quantify the susceptibilities of those samples. With the presence of a possible additional frequency shift inside a material, it will not be suitable to obtain susceptibility maps without taking that into account. Magn Reson Med 76:1263–1269, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prophylactic use of the Arabin cervical pessary in fetuses with severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia treated by fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO): preliminary experience
Authors: Dobrescu Oana , Cannie Mieke M. , Cordier Anne‐Gael , Rodó Carlota , Fabietti Isabella , Benachi Alexandra , Carreras Elena , Persico Nicola , Hurtado Ivan , Gucciardo Léonardo , Jani Jacques C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe whether the prophylactic use of a cervical pessary decreases the rate of premature birth in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) fetuses treated with fetoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO).MethodsThe study concerns a consecutive series of cases with CDH and FETO and a group of CDH without FETO. In a subgroup of the FETO group, a prophylactic cervical pessary was inserted the day following the procedure. Gestational age (GA) at birth was the primary outcome.ResultsFifty‐nine fetuses with FETO and 47 expectantly managed were included. The last 15 FETO had a cervical pessary inserted. The median GA at delivery in the FETO group with pessary was 35.1 weeks and was not different from that in the FETO group without a pessary (34.3 weeks; p = 0.28) but was below that in the expectantly managed group (38.3 weeks; p < 0.001).ConclusionEarly results suggest that prophylactic use of an Arabin cervical pessary does not prolong gestation of CDH fetuses treated with FETO. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of collector gap width on the extent of molecular orientation in polymer nanofibers
Authors: Ma Xiaoqian , Liu Jinglin , Ni Chaoying , Martin David C. , Bruce Chase D. , Rabolt John F. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTElectrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers were collected on aluminum foil across a gap with widths that varied in size from 2 to 10 mm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images on fiber bundles showed that in all cases, fibers in the gap were macroscopically aligned across the gap. However, single fiber selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns and polarized Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra demonstrated that fibers deposited across the gap were also highly aligned at the molecular level with the polymer backbones oriented along the fiber axis and that the extent of molecular orientation increased with the gap width. A possible explanation for this observation is based on the repulsion of similarly charged nanofibers and the simultaneous attraction of these fibers to the oppositely charged gap edges. This provides a plausible model for understanding the deposition kinetics and subsequent molecular orientation as a function of gap size when electrospinning using this method of fiber collection. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 617–623
Who cooks the books in China, and does it pay? Evidence from private, high‐technology firms
Authors: Stuart Toby , Wang Yanbo 
Published: October 2015

Research summary: We document the extent of fraudulent reporting among 467 private Chinese technology companies. Comparing the financial statements concurrently submitted to two different state agencies, we demonstrate a systematic gap in reported profit figures in the two sets of books. We find: (1) more than half the sampled companies report incentive‐compatible, materially discrepant profit numbers to the two agencies; (2) politically connected companies are approximately 18 percent more likely to commit fraud and those with venture capital backing are 19 percent more likely to do so; and (3) it pays to cheat. We estimate that companies who “cook” their books have considerably higher odds of receiving an innovation grant. Especially given its prevalence, we conclude that fraud can be a source of performance differential for emerging market companies.Managerial summary: We document that more than half of a sample of 467 private, Chinese technology companies engage in fraudulent financial reporting. By comparing the financial statements companies concurrently submitted to two different state agencies, we demonstrate a systematic gap in reported profit figures in the two sets of books. Relative to the companies without these attributes, we find that politically connected companies are approximately 18 percent more likely to commit fraud and those with venture capital backing are 19 percent more likely to do so. Furthermore, we show that it pays to cheat. We estimate that companies who “cook” their books have considerably higher odds of receiving a government‐sponsored innovation grant. Therefore, fraud can be a source of performance differential for emerging market companies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance deviations and acquisition premiums: The impact of CEO celebrity on managerial risk‐taking
Authors: Cho Sam Y. , Arthurs Jonathan D. , Townsend David M. , Miller Douglas R. , Barden Jeffrey Q. 
Published: October 2015

Research summary: This article draws on identity control theory and a study of acquisition premiums to explore how CEO celebrity status and financial performance relative to aspirations affect firm risk behavior. The study finds that celebrity CEOs tend to pay smaller premiums for target firms, but these tendencies change when prior firm performance deviates from the industry average returns, thereby leading these CEOs to pay higher premiums. The study also finds that the premiums tend to be even larger when celebrity CEOs have more recently attained celebrity status. Taken together, these findings contribute to identity control theory and CEO celebrity literatures by suggesting that celebrity status is a double‐edged sword and that the internalization of celebrity status by CEOs strongly influences the decision‐making of CEOs.Managerial summary: The purpose of this article is to examine how CEO celebrity status and financial performance relative to aspirations affect the size of acquisition premiums. The study finds that celebrity CEOs tend to pay smaller premiums for target firms. However, when celebrity CEOs' prior firm performance is either better or worse than the industry average, these CEOs pay higher premiums. This situation is exacerbated when the CEO has only recently been crowned a celebrity. In effect, these CEOs feel great pressure to match the inflated performance expectations that come with celebrity status. These findings suggest that being a celebrity is a double‐edged sword. The implication here is that CEOs who have recently been crowned a celebrity should be aware of these pressures and cope accordingly. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free‐riding in multi‐party alliances: The role of perceived alliance effectiveness and peers' collaboration in a research consortium
Authors: Fonti Fabio , Maoret Massimo , Whitbred Robert 
Published: October 2015

Research summary: Multi‐party alliances rely on partners' willingness to commit and pool their efforts in joint endeavors. However, partners face the dilemma of how much to commit to the alliance. We shed light on this issue by analyzing the relationship between partners' free‐riding—defined as their effort‐withholding—and their perceptions of alliance effectiveness and peers' collaboration. Specifically, we posit a U‐shaped relationship between partners' subjective evaluations of alliance effectiveness and their free‐riding. We also hypothesize a negative relation between partners' perceptions of the collaboration of peer organizations and their free‐riding. Results from a mixed‐method study—combining regression analysis of primary data on a major inter‐organizational research consortium and evidence from two experimental designs—support our hypotheses, bearing implications for the multi‐party alliances literature.Managerial summary: Free‐riding is a major concern in multi‐party alliances such as large research consortia, since the performance of these governance forms hinges on the joint contribution of multiple partners that often operate according to different logics (e.g., universities, firms, and government agencies). We show that, in such alliances, partners' perceptions have relevant implications for their willingness to contribute to the consortium's shared goals. Specifically, we find that partners free‐ride more—that is, contribute less—when they perceive the effectiveness of the overall alliance to be either very low or very high. Partners also gauge their commitment to the alliance on the perception of the effort of their peers—that is, other organizations similar to them. These findings provide managers of multi‐party alliances with additional levers to motivate partners to contribute fairly to such joint endeavor. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying the critical components for a conceptual understanding of the mole in secondary science classrooms
Authors: Fang Su‐Chi , Hart Christina , Clarke David 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe amount of substance and its unit the mole is a basic concept in chemistry. However, previous research has shown that teaching and learning the concept are challenging tasks for both teachers and students. The purpose of this study was to pinpoint the problems which emerge in the teaching and learning process, and provide integrated suggestions for classroom instruction. By means of videotaping and interviews, the case studies explored how the mole is presented and conceptualized in two secondary classrooms in two different countries, Australia and Taiwan. Data analysis was based on a concept map and focused on how two key ideas were presented in the lessons and perceived by the students: (1) the definition of the mole, and (2) the concept of molar mass. The findings show that during the lessons on the mole, most of the time was spent on solving stoichiometric problems. Conceptually, the number aspect of the mole, that is, Avogadro's number, was emphasized; the concept of molar mass was introduced without meaningfully connecting it to the concept of relative atomic/molecular mass. Although the students were able to solve relevant problems, they could not coherently explain the relations among the concepts. Two critical components for a conceptual understanding of the mole emerged: (1) the number aspect of the mole needs to be justified by its mass aspect, and (2) the connection between molar mass and relative atomic/molecular mass needs to be explicitly explained. The two components provide one explanation for students' algorithmic learning and their confusion in learning about the mole, and serve as concrete suggestions for improving classroom instruction. The study once again manifested the significance of teaching for conceptual understanding in science education. It also exemplifies how a concept map of a specific scientific concept can also be a useful analytical tool in educational research. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 181–214, 2016.
British Decolonization, 1946–1997
Authors: Mcinryre W. David 
Published: October 2015

The sudden demise of arguably the world's greatest empire in the years following the Second World War was a momentous event in global history. After nearly four centuries of colonial activity, the British relinquished their empire in a little more than twenty years.
In this comprehensive new survey, David McIntyre narrates the sequence of decolonisation, summarises the historical controversies surrounding its causes, and considers what was distinctive about the way events unfolded. The author argues that although colonial self-government had a long pedigree going back to the American colonies (and Dominion status had become a peaceful evolutionary route to independence), the upsurge of colonial nationalisms after 1945 meant that policy-makers were overtaken by events. The great speed at which the numerous dependencies in Asia, Africa, the Caribbean and Pacific were relinquished is analysed and the Commonwealth since decolonisation reconsidered, revealing an association displaying surprising vigour in its post-Britannic years.
Does hysteroscopic metroplasty for septate uterus represent a risk factor for adverse outcome during pregnancy and labor?
Authors: Kenda Šuster Nataša , Gergolet Marco 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate whether hysteroscopic metroplasty for septate uterus represents a risk factor of adverse outcome in pregnancy, during labor, and after delivery. This is a retrospective comparative study of obstetric complications of 99 patients who underwent hysteroscopic metroplasty in a 5-year period (study group) and 4155 women, who gave birth in the same hospital in the same period (control group). No difference in obstetric outcome (preterm labor, hemorrhage before and after delivery, mean weeks of gestation at delivery, mean birth weight, breech presentation, and cesarean section rate) between the two groups has been found. The results of this study suggest that patients who underwent hysteroscopic metroplasty for septate uterus are at no higher risk of adverse obstetric outcome at term and during labor, comparing to the general population. Though vaginal delivery seems to be safe, rare but serious complication, reported by several studies, like uterine rupture during pregnancy or labor, should always be taken into consideration.
Propofol target‐controlled infusion for sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy: A comparison of propofol alone versus propofol–fentanyl–midazolam
Authors: Hsu Chiung‐Dan , Huang Jui‐Mei , Chuang Ya‐Ping , Wei Hua‐Yi , Su Yu‐Chung , Wu Jeng‐Yih , Wang Wen‐Ming , Hsu Hung‐Te , Huang Hui‐Fang , Lu I‐Cheng , Lu David Vi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is the major technique for diagnosis of GI disease and treatment. Various sedation and analgesia regimens such as midazolam, fentanyl, and propofol can be used during GI endoscopy. The purpose of the study was to compare propofol alone and propofol combination with midazolam and fentanyl in moderate sedation for GI endoscopy. One hundred patients undergoing GI endoscopy were enrolled in this study. All patients received a propofol target‐controlled infusion (TCI) to maintain sedation during the procedure. Patients were randomly allocated into either Group P (propofol TCI alone) or Group C (combination of propofol TCI plus midazolam and fentanyl). Dermographic data, anesthetic parameters (sedation regimen, blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation), procedure parameters (procedure time, colonoscopy, or panendoscopy), propofol consumption, and adverse events (hypoxia, hypotension, and bradycardia) were all recorded. Postprocedural records included recovery time, postoperative adverse events (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, recall, and pain) and satisfaction. The average propofol consumption was 251 ± 83 mg in Group P and 159 ± 73 mg in Group C (p < 0.001). The incidence of transient hypotension was higher in Group P (p = 0.009). The recovery time and discharge time were both shorter in Group C (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006 respectively). Overall, postprocedural adverse events were similar in both groups. The postanesthetic satisfaction was comparable in both groups. TCI of propofol combined with midazolam and fentanyl achieved sedation with fewer hypotension episodes and shorter recovery and discharge time than propofol TCI alone in patients undergoing GI endoscopy.
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for large adrenal masses: Is it really more complicated?
Authors: Bozkurt Ibrahim Halil , Arslan Murat , Yonguc Tarik , Degirmenci Tansu , Koras Omer , Gunlusoy Bulent , Minareci Suleyman 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLaparoscopic treatment of large adrenal tumors is still questionable due to concern over the risk of malignancy as well as the technical difficulties. No exact dimensional cut‐off has been described for laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA). In this study, we reviewed our experience with LA for masses ≥ 8 cm and tried to determine the limitations of this surgery in this group of patients. Sixteen patients with adrenal mass ≥ 8 cm (Group 1) and 19 patients with adrenal mass < 8 cm (Group 2) treated with transabdominal LA were included in this study. We analyzed operative time, intraoperative and postoperative complications and length of postoperative hospital stay with respect to tumor size and clinopathologic features. Mean maximum tumor diameters were 91.7 mm (range, 80–150 mm) and 52.4 mm (range, 35–73 mm) in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. Operation time and blood loss were higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2, but these differences did not reach significant levels (p > 0.05). Conversion to an open procedure required in two patients, one from each group, because of the firm attachments of adrenal mass to the surrounding tissue. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that LA is a safe and feasible procedure for large lesions even up to 15 cm. The risk of finding incidental adrenal cortical cancer was significantly increased for large lesions in our series as in the literature; therefore, it is important to follow the strict oncological principles in these cases.