bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizing Graphical User Interface tests from behavior‐driven development as videos to obtain stakeholders' feedback
Authors: Shi Jianwei , Mönnich Jonas , Klünder Jil , Schneider Kurt 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDemonstrating software early and responding to feedback is crucial in agile development. However, it is difficult for stakeholders who are not on‐site customers but end users, marketing people, or designers, and so forth to give feedback in an agile development environment. Successful graphical user interface (GUI) test executions can be documented and then demonstrated for feedback. In our new concept, GUI tests from behavior‐driven development (BDD) are recorded, augmented, and demonstrated as videos. A GUI test is divided into several GUI unit tests, which are specified in Gherkin, a semi‐structured natural language. For each GUI unit test, a video is generated during test execution. Test steps specified in Gherkin are traced and highlighted in the video. Stakeholders review these generated videos and provide feedback, for example, on misunderstandings of requirements or on inconsistencies. To evaluate the impact of videos in identifying inconsistencies, we asked 22 participants to identify inconsistencies between (1) given requirements in regular sentences and (2) demonstrated behaviors from videos with Gherkin specifications or from Gherkin specifications alone. Our results show that participants tend to identify more inconsistencies from demonstrated behaviors, which are not in accordance with given requirements. They tend to recognize inconsistencies more easily through videos than through Gherkin specifications alone. The types of inconsistency are threefold: The mentioned feature can be incorrectly implemented, not implemented, or an unspecified new feature. We use a fictitious example showing how this feedback helps a product owner and her team manage requirements. We conclude that GUI test videos can help stakeholders give feedback more effectively. By obtaining early feedback, inconsistencies can be resolved, thus contributing to higher stakeholder satisfaction.
A spectral approach for the dynamic Bradley–Terry model
Authors: Tian Xinyu , Shi Jian , Shen Xiaotong , Song Kai 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe dynamic ranking, due to its increasing importance in many applications, is becoming crucial, especially with the collection of voluminous time‐dependent data. One such application is sports statistics, where dynamic ranking aids in forecasting the performance of competitive teams, drawing on historical and current data. Despite its usefulness, predicting and inferring rankings pose challenges in environments necessitating time‐dependent modelling. This paper introduces a spectral ranker called Kernel Rank Centrality, designed to rank items based on pairwise comparisons over time. The ranker operates via kernel smoothing in the Bradley–Terry model, utilising a Markov chain model. Unlike the maximum likelihood approach, the spectral ranker is nonparametric, demands fewer model assumptions and computations and allows for real‐time ranking. We establish the asymptotic distribution of the ranker by applying an innovative group inverse technique, resulting in a uniform and precise entrywise expansion. This result allows us to devise a new inferential method for predictive inference, previously unavailable in existing approaches. Our numerical examples showcase the ranker's utility in predictive accuracy and constructing an uncertainty measure for prediction, leveraging data from the National Basketball Association (NBA). The results underscore our method's potential compared with the gold standard in sports, the Arpad Elo rating system.
Multi‐trait multi‐environment genomic prediction of preliminary yield trial in pulse crop
Authors: Saludares Rica Amor , Atanda Sikiru Adeniyi , Piche Lisa , Worral Hannah , Dariva Francoise , McPhee Kevin , Bandillo Nonoy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhenotypic selection of complex traits such as seed yield and protein in the preliminary yield trial (PYT) is often constrained by limited seed availability, resulting in trials with few environments and minimal to no replications. Multi‐trait multi‐environment enabled genomic prediction (MTME‐GP) offers a valuable alternative to predict missing phenotypes of selection candidates for multiple traits and diverse environments. In this study, we assessed the efficiency of MTME‐GP for improving seed protein and seed yield in field pea, the top two breeding targets but highly antagonistic traits in pulse crop. We utilized a set of 300 selection candidates in the PYT that virtually represented all possible families of the North Dakota State University field pea breeding program. Selection candidates were evaluated in three diverse, contrasting environments, as indicated by a range of heritability. Using whole‐ and split‐environment cross validation schemes, MTME‐GP had higher predictive ability than a standard additive G‐BLUP model. Integrating a range of overlapping genotypes in between environments showed improvement on the predictive ability of the MTME‐GP model but tends to plateau at 50%–80% training set size. Regardless of the cross‐validation scheme, accuracy was among the lowest in stressed environments, presumably due to low heritability for seed protein and yield. This study provided insights into the potential of MTME‐GP in a public pulse crop breeding program. The MTME‐GP framework can be further improved with more testing environments and integration of additional orthogonal information in the early stages of the breeding pipeline.
Soft Sensor Model of Phase Transformation During Flow Forming of Metastable Austenitic Steel AISI 304L
Authors: Vasquez Julian Rozo , Kersting Lukas , Arian Bahman , Homberg Werner , Trächtler Ansgar , Walther Frank 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper deals with the modeling of a soft sensor for detecting α’-martensite evolution from the micromagnetic signals that are measured during the reverse flow forming of metastable AISI 304L austenitic steel. This model can be prospectively used inside a closed-loop property-controlled flow forming process. To achieve this, optimization by means of a non-linear regression of experimental data was carried out. To collect the experimental data, specimens were produced by flow forming seamless tubes at room temperature. Using a combination of production parameters (like the infeed depth and feed rate), specimens with different α’-martensite contents and wall-thickness reductions were produced. An equation to compute α’-martensite from both specific production-process parameters and micromagnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) measurements was obtained using numerical methods. In this process, the behavior of the quantity of interest (namely, the α’-martensite content) was mathematically evaluated with respect to non-destructive MBN data and the feed rate that was used to produce the components. A combination of exponential and potential functions was defined as the ansatz functions of the model. The obtained model was validated online and offline during the real flow forming of workpieces, obtaining average deviations of up to 7% α’-martensite with respect to the model. The implementation of the soft sensor model for property-controlled production represents an important milestone for producing high-added-value components on the basis of a well-understood process-microstructure-property relationship.
Prediction of Fracture Behavior in a Quenching and Partitioning Steel Under Different Stress States
Authors: Shen Fuhui , Sparrer Yannik , Li Guijia , Münstermann Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIncreasing research efforts have been devoted to the development of quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steel, which is considered to be a very promising representative of the third generation of advanced high-strength steel (AHSS). The excellent tensile properties achieved by the novel Q&P treatment make it a potential material to manufacture structural components in automotive industries. In addition to tensile strength and ductility, the formability and fracture properties of Q&P steels shall be thoroughly investigated under different stress states. Therefore, the deformation and fracture properties of a laboratory Q&P steel have been investigated by conducting a comprehensive experimental program and the corresponding finite element simulations. Tensile tests have been performed using flat specimens with different notch configurations to achieve a very wide range of loading conditions. In addition, the deformation and fracture behavior during different experiments have been simulated using finite element methods and damage mechanics approaches. After collecting the critical stress and strain variables from simulation results, a stress state-dependent fracture criterion has been calibrated and validated to characterize the fracture resistance of the Q&P steel in this study.
Comparison of Laser Coordinate Measurements and Hierarchical Multiscale Finite Element Models for the Cup Drawing of Three Commercial Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Pichardo Diego Ricardo , Ramírez Miguel Ángel , Kestens Leo A. I. , Van Bael Albert , Schouwenaars Rafael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCup drawing is a benchmark experiment frequently used to validate anisotropic constitutive models and multiscale crystal plasticity codes for yield locus prediction. Earing of the cup rim and thickness variation along the cup wall are sensitive to plastic anisotropy. This test was implemented on an industrial forming press and applied to 85 mm diameter disks of commercial AA1100, AA3103, and AA5005 alloy sheet. Cup geometry was determined using a laser probe coordinate measurement machine (CMM). Finite element models (FEM) were developed with ABAQUS Explicit software and a user-defined subroutine for the anisotropic yield locus based on the hierarchical multiscale model (HMS). As the coordinate cloud produced by the CMM is unrelated to the nodes of the deformed FEM-mesh, both were fitted to a polynomial-Fourier series expansion. After cleaning and correction of the CMM data, point-by-point comparison can be performed between model and experiment. For AA1100, the position of the ears was correctly identified but their magnitude was underestimated. Excellent coincidence was found for AA5005, with strong ears at 0 and 90°. The small ears at -30° and 30° and secondary ears at 90° were correctly predicted for AA3013.
Gotoh’s 1977 Yield Stress Function with Kinematic Hardening for Modeling Strength Differential Yielding of Orthotropic Sheet Metals
Authors: Sheng Jie , Yang Seung-Yong , Tong Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhen a sheet metal is subjected to both tensile and compressive stresses in a forming process, there is a need to formulate a yield stress function that can accurately account for its strength differential effect in anisotropic yielding. The earliest classical approach is to combine Hill’s 1948 quadratic yield stress function with Prager’s kinematic hardening concept. Consistent with the requirement that a polynomial stress function admits only even-order shear stress components for an orthotropic sheet metal, the resulting quadratic yield stress function in plane stress has up to five material parameters for on-axis yielding but only one material parameter for off-axis yielding. The latter feature limits its modeling capabilities in general sheet metal forming simulations. In this paper, we present a user-friendly approach of formulating a non-quadratic yield stress function with tension-compression asymmetry by combining Gotoh’s 1977 quartic yield stress function with kinematic hardening. The new fourth-order yield stress function in plane stress has up to a total of eleven material constants: seven for on-axis yielding and four for off-axis yielding. The nonlinear parameter identification by least-square minimization with positivity and convexity constraints on the yield stress function is detailed for various sheet metals exhibiting strength differential effects. The results show that the new Gotoh-Prager yield stress function has adequate capabilities for modeling both on-axis and off-axis asymmetric yielding of many orthotropic sheet metals investigated over the years.
Analysis of Forming Limits During Cold Forging of Aluminum Hybrid Billets
Authors: Grötzinger Karl C. , Kulagin Roman , Gerasimov Dmitry , Liewald Mathias 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetal forming processes for manufacture of hybrid components with complex geometry is one of the most promising trends in materials science. At the same time, such processes pose serious challenges regarding the interface properties between the different materials. Thus far, models are existing to describe cold welding of hybrid components and their plasticity during following deformation processes. However, these models have been developed and validated mainly for processes, where stress and strain states are recognized as simple (e.g., drawing, roll bonding). In this contribution, a flange upsetting process using hybrid billets made of AA-6060 and AA-7075 is subjected, where the deformation conditions significantly differ (non-monotonous and complex strain history). The main aim of this paper is to investigate such process with special emphasis on acting stress conditions in the interface with respect to delamination effects occurring during cold forging experiments. Also, the influence of an initial bond between the aluminum components, created by compound hot extrusion, is investigated both experimentally and numerically. In this context, three geometrical models of the hybrid billet (variation of diameter and wall thickness of the reinforcing component) were used. Analyses show that even if bonding in extrusion process is not ideal and depends on various influencing parameters, it makes subsequent cold forging process more stable and reliable regarding material flow compared to billets without initial bond.
Introduction: A Millennial View of Spain’s Development
Authors: Prados de la Escosura Leandro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis Introduction provides an overview of the evolution of Spain over almost a millennium, distinguishing two major epochs, with 1850 as the turning point. The first, which corresponds to the pre-industrial era, evinces long fluctuations in average income and its distribution and no long-term net gains, while the second reveals a sustained increase in GDP per capita accompanied by a profound structural transformation and substantial changes in income distribution.
Inequality and Poverty
Authors: Prados de la Escosura Leandro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter assesses how the rewards of sustained economic growth were distributed over time. The evolution of income inequality resembles a wide inverted U with a peak in 1916, and a Kuznets curve results when the Gini coefficient is plotted against real per capita income. The functional distribution of income led personal income distribution until the early 1950s, while the dispersion of labour incomes took over from then onwards. Although growth and inequality do not move together over time, in the last century, the main phases of economic growth went hand-in-hand with inequality decline. The substantial fall in absolute poverty resulted from growth but also from inequality reduction during the interwar period and the late 1950s, and was eradicated by 1975.
Boundary scattering in massless AdS3
Authors: Bielli Daniele , Gautam Vaibhav , Moustakis Vasileios , Prinsloo Andrea , Torrielli Alessandro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the boundary integrability problem of the massless sector of AdS3 × S3 × T4 string theory. Exploiting the difference-form of the massless scattering theory, we find a very simple and exhaustive list of reflection matrices for all the possible boundary coideal subalgebras — singlet and vector representations, right and left boundary — and check basic properties of our solutions, primarily the boundary Yang-Baxter equation, for all possible combinations of scattering particles.
The thermal expansion of Ti-substituted CaAl12O19
Authors: Schofield Paul F. , Berry Andrew J. , Doyle Patricia M. , Knight Kevin S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCaAl12O19, which can incorporate Ti as both Ti3+ and Ti4+ (charge coupled substitution with Mg2+), is one of the first minerals to condense from a gas of solar composition and is used as a ceramic. It is variously known as hibonite, calcium hexaluminate (CaO.6Al2O3), and CA6. The lattice parameters and unit cell volumes of Ti-substituted hibonite (P63/mmc) with the formulae CaAl11.8Ti3+0.2O19 and CaAl9.8Ti3+0.54Mg0.83Ti4+0.83O19 were determined as a function of temperature from ~ 10 to 275 K by neutron powder diffraction. The thermal expansion is highly anisotropic with the expansion in c a factor of ~ 5 greater than that in a. The change in a is approximately equal for the two compounds whereas the change in c is almost 50% larger for CaAl11.8Ti3+0.2O19. CaAl11.8Ti3+0.2O19 also exhibits negative thermal expansion between 10 and 70 K. The change in unit cell volume with temperature of both compositions is well described by a two term Einstein expression. The large change in c is consistent with substitution of Ti onto the M2 and M4 sites of the R-block structural unit.
Stented endoscopic third ventriculostomy: technique, safety, and indications—a multicenter multinational study
Authors: Azolai Lee , Pennacchietti Valentina , Schulz Matthias , Schroeder Henry W. S. , Vacek Petr , Constantini Shlomi , Bitan Lidor , Roth Jonathan , Thomale Ulrich-Wilhelm 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is an effective treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus. Secondary stoma closure may be life threatening and is the most common reason for late ETV failure, mostly secondary to local scarring. Local stents intended to maintain patency are rarely used. In this study, we summarize our experience using stented ETV (sETV), efficacy, and safety.

Material and methods
Data was retrospectively collected from all consecutive patients who underwent ETV with stenting at four centers. Collected data included indications for using sETV, hydrocephalic history, surgical technique, outcomes, and complications.

Results
Sixty-seven cases were included. Forty had a primary sETV, and 27 had a secondary sETV (following a prior shunt, ETV, or both). The average age during surgery was 22 years. Main indications for sETV included an adjacent tumor (n = 15), thick or redundant tuber cinereum (n = 24), and prior ETV failure (n = 16). Fifty-nine patients (88%) had a successful sETV. Eight patients failed 11 ± 8 months following surgery. Reasons for failure included obstruction of the stent, reabsorption insufficiency, and CSF leak (n = 2 each), and massive hygroma and tumor spread (n = 1 each). Complications included subdural hygroma (n = 4), CSF leak (n = 2), and stent malposition (n = 1). There were no complications associated with two stent removals.

Conclusion
Stented ETV appears to be feasible and safe. It may be indicated in selected cases such as patients with prior ETV failure, or as a primary treatment in cases with anatomical alterations caused by tumors or thickened tuber cinereum. Future investigations are needed to further elucidate its role in non-communicating hydrocephalus.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance reveals myocardial involvement in patients with active stage of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Fenski Maximilian , Abazi Endri , Gröschel Jan , Hadler Thomas , Kappelmayer Diane , Kolligs Frank , Prieto Claudia , Botnar Rene , Kunze Karl-Philipp , Schulz-Menger Jeanette 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Active inflammatory bowel disease (A-IBD) but not remission (R-IBD) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure.

Objectives
Using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), this study aims to assess adverse myocardial remodeling in patients with IBD in correlation with disease activity.

Methods
Forty-four IBD patients without cardiovascular disease (24 female, median-age: 39.5 years, 26 A-IBD, 18 R-IBD) and 44 matched healthy volunteers (HV) were prospectively enrolled. The disease stage was determined by endoscopic and patient-reported criteria. Participants underwent CMR for cardiac phenotyping: cine imaging and strain analysis were performed to assess ventricular function. T1 mapping, extracellular volume and late-gadolinium enhanced images were obtained to assess focal and diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Simultaneous T1 and T2 elevation (T1 > 1049.3 ms, T2 > 54 ms) was considered to indicate a myocardial segment was inflamed.

Results
16/44 (16.4%) IBD patients described dyspnea on exertion and 10/44 (22.7%) reported chest pain. A-IBD patients showed impaired ventricular function, indicated by reduced global circumferential and radial strain despite preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction. 16% of all IBD patients had focal fibrosis in a non-ischemic pattern. A-IDB patients had increased markers of diffuse left ventricular fibrosis (T1-values: A-IBD: 1022.0 ± 34.83 ms, R-IBD: 1010.10 ± 32.88 ms, HV: 990.61 ± 29.35 ms, p < .01). Significantly more participants with A-IDB (8/26, 30.8%) had at least one inflamed myocardial segment than patients in remission (0/18) and HV (1/44, 2.3%, p < .01). Markers of diffuse fibrosis correlated with disease activity.

Conclusion
This study, using CMR, provides evidence of myocardial involvement and patterns of adverse left ventricular remodeling in patients with IBD.

Clinical trial registration
ISRCTN30941346

Graphical abstract
Pre-hospital admission of heparin in patients with suspected non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Sundermeyer Jonas , Schock Alina , Kellner Caroline , Haller Paul M. , Lehmacher Jonas , Thießen Niklas , Toprak Betül , Scharlemann Lea , Twerenbold Raphael , Sörensen Nils Arne , Clemmensen Peter , Neumann Johannes T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Evidence supporting pre-hospital heparin administration in patients with suspected non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) is lacking. We aim to evaluate if pre-hospital heparin administration by emergency medical service improves clinical outcome in patients with suspected NSTE-ACS.

Methods
Patients with suspected myocardial infarction (MI) presenting to the emergency department were prospectively enrolled from 2013 to 2021, excluding those with ST segment elevation MI. Patients with and without prehospital heparin administration were compared using propensity score matching. To assess the association between pre-hospital heparin loading, 30-day and 1-year mortality, Kaplan–Meier estimations and Cox regression models were used.

Results
Among 1,234 patients, median age was 69 years, 755 (61.2%) were male, 867 (70.5%) with known hypertension, 177 (14.4%) had diabetes, 280 (23.1%) were current smokers, and 444 (36.0%) had a history of CAD. Compared to patients without pre-hospital heparin administration, heparin pre-treated patients were more often active smokers (26.5% vs. 20.8%). After propensity matching, 475 patients with vs. without pre-hospital heparin administration were compared, with no significant difference in 30-day mortality (no-heparin 1.3% vs. heparin 0.4%) and 1-year mortality (no-heparin 7.2% vs. heparin 5.5%, adjusted HR 0.98, CI 0.95–1.01, p = 0.22). Bleeding events occurred at a low frequency (< 2%) and did not differ between groups.

Conclusions
In this study, pre-hospital heparin administration was not associated with improved clinical outcome in patients with suspected NSTE-ACS. These findings question pre-hospital heparin therapy in this patient population and might potentially warrant a more restricted utilization pending in-hospital risk assessment.

Graphical abstract

Pre-hospital admission of heparin in patients with suspected non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. ACS acute coronary syndrome, CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, NSTE non-ST segment elevation, STEMI ST-elevation myocardial infarction, UFH unfractionated heparin.