bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with autism spectrum disorders: a review of the evidence
Authors: Binnie James , Blainey Sarah 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThere is a large and increasing evidence base for cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for the amelioration of common mental health difficulties. In children and young people with autism, there is some evidence that CBT can be effective; however, it is unclear whether this also applies to adults with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs). This review aimed to evaluate the evidence for the use of CBT with adults with ASDs in relation to reducing comorbid psychiatric symptoms and increasing social and communication skills.Design/methodology/approachA systematic search was conducted to identify best evidence. Comparison to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria identified seven relevant studies; these were subsequently critically appraised.FindingsThe results of the appraisal were mixed with no definitive evidence supporting the review question.Practical implicationsBasing assumptions on best evidence, it is suggested that CBT can help adults with ASDs decrease comorbid psychiatric symptomatology. However, there is little evidence that CBT can increase social and communicative functioning. The review concludes that there is a need for increased quantitative research in this area so that more substantial conclusions can be made.Originality/valueThis paper summarises the available evidence in relation to CBT for adults with ASD; most previous review papers have focused on children and young people. Future research directions are suggested.
Stationary phase and mature infectious forms of Legionella pneumophila produce distinct viable but non‐culturable cells
Authors: Al‐Bana Badii H. , Haddad Moreen T. , Garduño Rafael A. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryLegionella pneumophila is an intracellular bacterial parasite of freshwater protozoa and an accidental waterborne human pathogen. L. pneumophila is highly pleomorphic showing several forms that differentiate within its developmental cycle. In water, L. pneumophila produces viable but non‐culturable cells (VBNCCs), which remain largely uncharacterized. We produced VBNCCs from two developmental forms of L. pneumophila [stationary phase forms (SPFs) and mature infectious forms (MIFs)] in two water microcosms [double‐deionized (dd) and tap water] at 45°C. In contrast with SPFs, MIFs upheld a robust ultrastructure and high viability in the two water microcosms. In dd‐water, MIFs and SPFs lost their culturability faster than in tap water and did not consume their poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate inclusions. Resuscitation in Acanthamoeba castellani was only possible for VBNCCs produced from SPFs in tap water. Addition of salts to dd‐water prolonged L. pneumophila culturability to tap water levels, suggesting that L. pneumophila requires ions to maintain its readiness to resume growth. VBNCCs resisted detergent lysis and digestion in the ciliate Tetrahymena, except for VBNCCs produced from SPFs in dd‐water. L. pneumophila VBNCCs thus show distinct traits according to its originating developmental form and the surrounding water microcosm.
Functional diversity ofNocardiain metabolism
Authors: Luo Quan , Hiessl Sebastian , Steinbüchel Alexander 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBacteria affiliated in the genusNocardiaare aerobic andGram‐positive actinomycetes that are widely found in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. As occasional pathogens, several of them cause infection diseases called ‘nocardiosis’ affecting lungs, central nervous system, cutaneous tissues and others. In addition, members of the genusNocardiaexhibit an enormous metabolic versatility. On one side, many secondary metabolites have been isolated from members of this genus that exhibit various biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidative and immunosuppressive activities. On the other side, many species are capable of degrading or converting aliphatic and aromatic toxic hydrocarbons, natural or synthetic polymers, and other widespread environmental pollutants. Because of these valuable properties and the application potential,Nocardiaspecies have attracted much interest in academia and industry in recent years. A solid basis of genetic tools including a set of shuttle vectors and an efficient electroporation method for further genetic and metabolic engineering studies has been established to conduct efficient research. Associated with the increasing data of nocardial genome sequences, the functional diversity ofNocardiawill be much faster and better understood.
How large are the extinct giant insular rodents? New body mass estimations from teeth and bones
Authors: MONCUNILL‐SOLÉ Blanca , JORDANA Xavier , MARÍN‐MORATALLA Nekane , MOYÀ‐SOLÀ Salvador , KÖHLER Meike 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe island rule entails a modification of the body size of insular mammals, a character related with numerous biological and ecological variables. From the Miocene to human colonization (Holocene), Mediterranean and Canary Islands were unaltered natural ecosystems, with paleofaunas formed with endemic giant rodents among other mammals. Our aim is to create methods to estimate the body masses of fossil island rodents and address the nature of ecological pressures driving the island rule. We created regression equations based on extant rodent data and used these to estimate the body masses of the extinct species. Our results show strong correlations between teeth, cranial and postcranial measurements and body mass, except for the length of the long bones, the transversal diameter of the distal tibia and the anteroposterior diameter of the proximal tibia, where the equations were less reliable. The use of equations obtained from a more homogeneous group (suborder and family) is preferable when analyzing the area of the first molar. The new regressions were applied to estimate the body masses of some Mediterranean and Canarian fossil rodents (Canariomys, C. bravoi 1.5 kg and C. tamarani 1 kg; Hypnomys, H. morpheus 230 g and H. onicensis 200 g; and Muscardinus cyclopeus 100 g). Our results indicate that under absence of predation, resource availability (island area) is the key factor that determines the size of the Canariomys sp. However, under presence of specialized predators (birds of prey), body size evolution is less pronounced (Hypnomys sp.).
Analysis of the black‐chinned tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii reproducing under a wide range of salinities: from RNA‐seq to candidate genes
Authors: Avarre J.‐C. , Dugué R. , Alonso P. , Diombokho A. , Joffrois C. , Faivre N. , Cochet C. , Durand J.‐D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe black‐chinned tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii is an ecologically appealing model as it shows exceptional adaptive capacities, especially with regard to salinity. In spite of this, this species is devoid of genomic resources, which impedes the understanding of such remarkable features. De novo assembly of transcript sequences produced by next‐generation sequencing technologies offers a rapid approach to obtain expressed gene sequences for non‐model organisms. It also facilitates the development of quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) assays for analysing gene expression under different environmental conditions. Nevertheless, obtaining accurate and reliable qPCR results from such data requires a number of validations prior to interpretation. The transcriptome of S. melanotheron was sequenced to discover transcripts potentially involved in the plasticity of male reproduction in response to salinity variations. A set of 54 candidate and reference genes was selected through a digital gene expression (DGE) approach, and a de novo qPCR assay using these genes was validated for further detailed expression analyses. A user‐friendly web interface was created for easy handling of the sequence data. This sequence collection represents a major transcriptomic resource for S. melanotheron and will provide a useful tool for functional genomics and genetics studies.
Clot lysis phenotype and response to recombinant factor VIIa in plasma of haemophilia A inhibitor patients
Authors: Bakhtiari Kamran , Kamphuisen Pieter W. , Mancuso Maria E. , Hamulyak Karly , Schutgens Roger E. G. , Santagostino Elena , Meijers Joost C. M. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryRecombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is a haemostatic agent that is used for the treatment of haemophilia A patients with inhibitors. However, clinical response to rFVIIa is variable and unpredictable with currently available assays. We investigated the anti‐fibrinolytic effects of rFVIIa in relation to thrombin generation (TG) and other haemostatic parameters in haemophilia A patients with inhibitors. After addition of rFVIIa to plasma, the clot‐lysis assay, TF‐dependent TG, TF‐independent TG and parameters involved in coagulation, anticoagulation and fibrinolysis were assessed. The clot‐lysis test distinguished two groups of patients: a group with a normal and a group with impaired anti‐fibrinolytic response to rFVIIa. Our results showed a dose‐dependent increase in TF‐dependent TG and TF‐independent TG in all individuals. There was a significant difference in TF‐independent TG parameters between the normal and impaired response groups. In addition, there was a difference between the normal and impaired response group in prothrombin time, which could be explained by significantly higher levels of coagulation factors in the normal response group, and soluble thrombomodulin. In conclusion, we observed different in vitro responses following rFVIIa addition in plasma of patients with haemophilia A and inhibitors, which could be partially attributed to levels of procoagulant proteins and soluble thrombomodulin.
Deregulated MIR335 that targets MAPK1 is implicated in poor outcome of paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Yan Junli , Jiang Nan , Huang Gaofeng , Tay Jim L.‐S. , Lin Baohong , Bi Chonglei , Koh Grace S. , Li Zhenhua , Tan Joy , Chung Tae‐Hoon , Lu Yi , Ariffin Hany , Kham Shirley K. Y. , Yeoh Allen E. J. , Chng Wee‐Joo 
Published: July 2013

SummaryAcute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common paediatric malignancy. Although 90% of patients are now long‐term survivors, the remaining 10% have poor outcome predominantly due to drug resistance. In this study, we carried out genome‐wide microRNA (miRNA) microarray analysis on diagnostic bone marrow samples to determine miRNA expression profiles associated with poor outcome in ALL. A reduced expression of MIR335 was identified as the most significant miRNA abnormality associated with poor outcome. It is well known that glucocorticoid (GC) resistance is one of the major reasons contributing to poor outcome. We show that exogenous expression of MIR335 in ALL cells increases sensitization to prednisolone‐mediated apoptosis. Moreover, we demonstrate that MAPK1 is a novel target of MIR335, and that MEK/ERK inhibitor treatment enhanced prednisolone‐induced cell death through the activation of BIM (BCL2L11). These results provide a possible underlying molecular mechanism to explain the association between reduced MIR335 with poor clinical outcome, and suggest that approaches to re‐introduce MIR335 expression or override MAPK1 activity may offer promising therapeutic strategies in the treatment of ALL.
Urinary tract abnormalities in boys with recurrent urinary tract infections after hypospadias repair
Authors: Wehbi Elias , Patel Premal , Kanaroglou Niki , Tam Stephanie , Weber Bryce , Lorenzo Armando , Salle Joao Luiz Pippi , Bagli Darius , Koyle Martin , Farhat Walid A. 
Published: July 2013

Objective
To examine the development of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in boys who have undergone hypospadias repair.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the records of all boys who had recurrent UTIs after primary or redo tubularized incised plate (TIP) or transverse island flap (TVIF) repairs, between 1998 and 2009.
Data on age, operating details, postoperative complications and imaging studies were collected.
We attempted to identify risk factors for recurrent UTIs after hypospadias repair.
Results
During the study period, 43/2249 boys (1.91%) were diagnosed with recurrent UTIs after hypospadias repair. The boys' mean (range) age at repair was 14 (6–24) months and the median (range) follow‐up was 6.5 (1.5–11) years.
Primary TIP and TVIF were performed in 47% (20/43) and 35% (15/43) of the boys, respectively. Redo surgeries were performed in 18% of the boys (8/43). The initial meatal location was proximal in all TVIF and redo repairs, and in one of the TIP repairs.
Postoperative voiding cysto‐urethrography, ultrasonography and dimercapto‐succinic acid (DMSA) scans were performed in 58% (25/43), 90% (39/43) and 19% (8/43) of the boys, respectively. Abnormalities were noted.
Of those boys who underwent a TVIF repair, urethral diverticula were seen in 47% (7/15) and urethral fistulae were also seen in 47% (7/15). Conversely, in those who had a TIP repair, an elevated PVR and vesico‐ureteric reflux were more common; they were found in 40% (8/20) and 50% (10/20) of patients, respectively.
Conclusions
The pathophysiology of recurrent UTI is multifactorial, but postoperative complications seem to vary with type of procedure.
Recurrent UTIs after hypospadias surgery should prompt a specific assessment for potentially functionally relevant and correctable anatomical abnormalities.
The Audiovisual Temporal Binding Window Narrows in Early Childhood
Authors: Lewkowicz David J. , Flom Ross 
Published: July 2013

Binding is key in multisensory perception. This study investigated the audio‐visual (A‐V) temporal binding window in 4‐, 5‐, and 6‐year‐old children (total N = 120). Children watched a person uttering a syllable whose auditory and visual components were either temporally synchronized or desynchronized by 366, 500, or 666 ms. They were asked whether the voice and face went together (Experiment 1) or whether the desynchronized videos differed from the synchronized one (Experiment 2). Four‐year‐olds detected the 666‐ms asynchrony, 5‐year‐olds detected the 666‐ and 500‐ms asynchrony, and 6‐year‐olds detected all asynchronies. These results show that the A‐V temporal binding window narrows slowly during early childhood and that it is still wider at 6 years of age than in older children and adults.
Effects of load and type of physical training on resting and postexercise cardiac autonomic control
Authors: Guerra Zaqueline F. , Peçanha Tiago , Moreira Débora N. , Silva Lilian P. , Laterza Mateus C. , Nakamura Fábio Y. , Lima Jorge R. P. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe aim of the study was to investigate the influence of training load and exercise mode on heart rate variability and heart rate recovery (HRR) in healthy individuals. The subjects were divided into three groups: sedentary (SED), resistance trained (RT) and aerobically trained (RT). Resting and postmaximal exercise RR intervals were recorded on supine and seated position, respectively. The HRV indices calculated in the resting position were RMSSD and LF and HF power densities. The following HRR indices were calculated throughout the 5‐minute postmaximal recovery period: semi‐logarithmic regression analysis of the first 30 s (T30); absolute difference between the peak and 60 s HR (HRR60s); and mono‐exponential time constant of HRR (HRRτ). The RMSSD on subsequent 30‐s segments (RMSSD30s) on recovery period was also calculated. Both RT and AT groups presented faster HRR than SED (P<0·05). The aerobic trained group was the only group that presented vagal reactivation, when analysing the RMSSD30s. There were no correlations between the Baecke sport score and the HRV vagal‐related indices. However, it was significantly correlated with HRR. It was concluded that that the training load positively influences the HRR, but has no effect on the HRV at rest and that the type of exercise, showed a marked influence on HRV recovery.
Freshwater habitat associations between pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), chum (O. keta) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) in a watershed dominated by sockeye salmon (O. nerka) abundance
Authors: Pess George R. , Quinn Thomas P. , Schindler Daniel E. , Liermann Martin C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTo understand the interplay between habitat use and contemporary anadromous Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., distributions we explored the habitat associations of three species, pink (O. gorbuscha), chum (O. keta) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) in streams of the Wood River system of Bristol Bay, Alaska, where sockeye salmon (O. nerka) are numerically dominant. We developed models to investigate the occurrence of nondominant salmon in relation to habitat characteristics and sockeye salmon density, using four decades of salmon presence and abundance data. The frequency of occurrence and abundance of nondominant species increased with watershed drainage area and stream depth and decreased with sockeye salmon density. The range of occurrence varied from nonexistent to perennial for the other species in sockeye‐dominated streams. Increasing watershed area resulted in larger stream habitat area and deeper habitats, allowing for the sympatric occurrence and persistence of all salmon species. The relationships between habitat and the presence of these Pacific salmon help define their requirements but also remind us that the patterns of presence and absence, within the overall ranges of salmon species, have yet to be fully understood.
Success of a low‐sloping rack for improving downstream passage of silver eels at a hydroelectric plant
Authors: Calles O. , Karlsson S. , Vezza P. , Comoglio C. , Tielman J. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a critically endangered species, and one major threat is the survival of silver eels migrating downstream towards the sea from lake and river rearing areas. During this migration, many eels are impinged and die on intake racks, or are injured or killed when passing through turbines.

Intake racks at a hydroelectric plant were modified to avoid impingement and to collect eels without injury; high mortality on both racks and in turbines was previously documented. Modifications consisted of reducing the rack gap width from 20 to 18 mm, decreasing the rack slope from 63 to 35 degrees, increasing the rack surface area by 58% and installing six openings in the rack leading to traps.

Downstream passage conditions for silver eels at the hydroelectric plant were significantly improved, reducing mortality from >70% at the old steep 20 mm racks to <10% at the modified 18 mm rack collection facility. No tagged eels were impinged and killed on the racks, and 80% entered the collection facility.

Survival can probably be improved even more, as the individuals that passed the facility most likely escaped through holes in the traps. Moreover, injured untagged eels were still encountered at the modified racks, illustrating the need for rehabilitative measures to be implemented at all obstacles between the main eel rearing areas and the sea.
Plankton dynamics under different climate conditions in tropical freshwater systems (a reply to the comment by Sarmento, Amado & Descy, )
Authors: de Senerpont Domis Lisette N. , Elser James J. , Gsell Alena S. , Huszar Vera L. M. , Ibelings Bas W. , Jeppesen Erik , Kosten Sarian , Mooij Wolf M. , Roland Fabio , Sommer Ulrich , van Donk Ellen , Winder Monika , Lürling Miquel 
Published: July 2013

Summary

In our recent contribution to the special issue on plankton dynamics in a fast‐changing world, we outlined some general predictions of plankton dynamics in different climate regions now and in future, building on the Plankton Ecology Group (PEG) model (de Senerpont Domis et al., 2013).

We proposed a stylised version of plankton dynamics in Fig. 3 of our article and stated that these patterns need to be further elaborated. Our figure displays annual plankton dynamics now and in future in oligotrophic, mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes in arctic, temperate and tropical climate zones.

We fully agree with Sarmento, Amado & Descy (2013) that more data on tropical regions are needed, and we are looking forward to the emergence of published data from tropical regions to extend our still‐limited understanding of plankton dynamics in these regions.

Sarmento et al. (2013) did not agree with our predictions on plankton dynamics for hydrology‐driven water systems in the tropics. Unfortunately, however, Sarmento et al. (2013) did not substantiate their statements with the much‐needed data on plankton dynamics in the tropics. Moreover, they merely provide an overview of precipitation patterns in the tropics, not an alternative hypothesis for our predictions.
Future habitat suitability for coral reef ecosystems under global warming and ocean acidification
Authors: Couce Elena , Ridgwell Andy , Hendy Erica J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are placing spatially divergent stresses on the world's tropical coral reefs through increasing ocean surface temperatures and ocean acidification. We show how these two stressors combine to alter the global habitat suitability for shallow coral reef ecosystems, using statistical Bioclimatic Envelope Models rather than basing projections on any a priori assumptions of physiological tolerances or fixed thresholds. We apply two different modeling approaches (Maximum Entropy and Boosted Regression Trees) with two levels of complexity (one a simplified and reduced environmental variable version of the other). Our models project a marked temperature‐driven decline in habitat suitability for many of the most significant and bio‐diverse tropical coral regions, particularly in the central Indo‐Pacific. This is accompanied by a temperature‐driven poleward range expansion of favorable conditions accelerating up to 40–70 km per decade by 2070. We find that ocean acidification is less influential for determining future habitat suitability than warming, and its deleterious effects are centered evenly in both hemispheres between 5° and 20° latitude. Contrary to expectations, the combined impact of ocean surface temperature rise and acidification leads to little, if any, degradation in future habitat suitability across much of the Atlantic and areas currently considered ‘marginal’ for tropical corals, such as the eastern Equatorial Pacific. These results are consistent with fossil evidence of range expansions during past warm periods. In addition, the simplified models are particularly sensitive to short‐term temperature variations and their projections correlate well with reported locations of bleaching events. Our approach offers new insights into the relative impact of two global environmental pressures associated with rising atmospheric CO2 on potential future habitats, but greater understanding of past and current controls on coral reef ecosystems is essential to their conservation and management under a changing climate.