bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reductions in renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors following hospitalization for heart failure
Authors: Goyal Parag , Chen Ligong , Lau Jennifer D. , Rosenson Robert S. , Levitan Emily B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsLimited data are available that evaluate the efficacy of renin‐angiotensin system inhibitor (RASI) dose‐reduction in older adults with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction following a heart failure hospitalization.Methods and resultsWe examined a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries with prescription coverage who were discharged to home following a hospitalization for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction between 1 January 2007 and 30 June 2018 and were treated with RASI prior to hospitalization. We classified patients into three mutually exclusive groups based on RASI dosage before (prescription fills up to 90 days prior to) and after a hospitalization (prescription fills up to 365 days that were most proximate to the discharge date as possible)—same/increased dose, dose‐reduction, and discontinuation. We examined associations between RASI prescribing patterns and outcomes (mortality and all‐cause readmission at 30 days and 1 year) using Cox proportional hazards models. Among 12 794 unique older adults, 36.8% experienced a RASI reduction following their hospitalization for HFrEF—15.7% had a dose‐reduction and 21.1% had a discontinuation. Neither dose‐reduction nor discontinuation was associated with 30‐day mortality. Discontinuation was associated 1‐year mortality, 30‐day all‐cause readmission, and 1‐year all‐cause readmission, whereas dose‐reduction was not.ConclusionRASI dose‐reduction occurs in 1 out of 7 HF hospitalizations. In contrast to RASI discontinuation, RASI dose‐reduction was not associated with adverse short or long‐term outcomes. These findings indicate that RASI dose‐reduction is preferred over RASI discontinuation in selected situations where RASI reduction is needed.
Site‐specific serology unveils cross‐reactive monoclonal antibodies targeting influenza A hemagglutinin epitopes
Authors: Paparoditis Philipp C. G. , Fruehwirth Alexander , Bevc Kajetana , Low Jun Siong , Jerak Josipa , Terzaghi Laura , Foglierini Mathilde , Fernandez Blanca , Jarrossay David , Corti Davide , Sallusto Federica , Lanzavecchia Antonio , Cassotta Antonino 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEfficient identification of human monoclonal antibodies targeting specific antigenic sites is pivotal for advancing vaccines and immunotherapies against infectious diseases and cancer. Existing screening techniques, however, limit our ability to discover monoclonal antibodies with desired specificity. In this study, we introduce a novel method, blocking of binding (BoB) enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA), enabling the detection of high‐avidity human antibodies directed to defined epitopes. Leveraging BoB‐ELISA, we analyzed the antibody response to known epitopes of influenza A hemagglutinin (HA) in the serum of vaccinated donors. Our findings revealed that serum antibodies targeting head epitopes were immunodominant, whereas antibodies against the stem epitope, although subdominant, were highly prevalent. Extending our analysis across multiple HA strains, we examined the cross‐reactive antibody response targeting the stem epitope. Importantly, employing BoB‐ELISA we identified donors harboring potent heterosubtypic antibodies targeting the HA stem. B‐cell clonal analysis of these donors revealed three novel, genealogically independent monoclonal antibodies with broad cross‐reactivity to multiple HAs. In summary, we demonstrated that BoB‐ELISA is a sensitive technique for measuring B‐cell epitope immunogenicity, enabling the identification of novel monoclonal antibodies with implications for enhanced vaccine development and immunotherapies.
Performance of multilayered porous breakwater under irregular waves having different wave spectrum
Authors: Dash Santanu Kumar , Koley Santanu , Paul Subhendu , Dey Rajdip , S Maheswaran 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this present work, the performance of a two‐layered thick porous breakwater of trapezoidal structure is investigated under the action of irregular waves. To investigate the physical problem, the classical linear water wave theory has been taken into consideration. To analyze the effect of irregular waves on the multilayered structure, two unidirectional wave spectra, namely the Pierson–Moskowitz and JONSWAP spectra based on the frequency domains are considered. Three different sea states are taken to analyze the impact of irregular waves on the multilayered porous breakwater. The constant boundary element method is used to handle the aforementioned boundary value problem, which is considered one of the most efficient numerical tools for handling complex structured open sea problems. Several wave characteristics associated with the spectral density functions are demonstrated and analyzed for a variety of structural and spectral parameters. The findings suggest that the adoption of suitable porous material for the construction of these breakwaters can significantly enhance the energy dissipation and thereby minimize the wave force on the structure.
The male birth control pill – A new approach to family planning and population control
Authors: Ahmed Huda , Memon Aaima , Hoda Fatimah , Alvares Jenelle 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the increase in the world's population, contraception is crucial in population control strategies. Majority of contraceptives produced today are targeted at women; many of whom experience side effects, leading to the discontinuation of these contraceptives after a year of use. As the use of condoms and vasectomies has been subjected to scrutiny, it is necessary for the development of male birth control (BC). Attempts to achieve this include hormonal and non‐hormonal contraception. Hormonal contraception prevents the production of the sperm in the testes; but this mode of BC has been found to be ineffective while also causing behavioural changes in men. In contrast, non‐hormonal male contraception focuses on rendering the sperm immotile to prevent fertilization post‐copulation. Soluble adenylate cyclase is an area of research that has shown promise in this field. Furthermore, two inhibitors, TDI‐10299 and TDI‐11861, have been developed and tested, with the latter, showing greater potency and longer activity, in mice models. Overall, by developing non‐hormonal male contraceptives, men will have more control over their reproductive health. Nonetheless, before such contraceptives can be made widely available, it is important that further research takes place to ensure the safety and effectiveness of these methods.
Protective role of macrophages from maternal–fetal interface in unvaccinated coronavirus disease 2019 pregnant women
Authors: Gay Laetitia , Madariaga Zarza Sandra , Abou Atmeh Perla , Rouvière Marie‐Sarah , Andrieu Jonatane , Richaud Manon , Boumaza Asma , Miquel Laura , Diallo Aïssatou Bailo , Bechah Yassina , Otmani Idrissi Myriem , La Scola Bernard , Olive Daniel , Resseguier Noémie , Bretelle Florence , Mezouar Soraya , Mege Jean‐Louis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPregnant women represent a high‐risk population for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. The presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 has been reported in placenta from infected pregnant women, but whether the virus influences placenta immune response remains unclear. We investigated the properties of maternal–fetal interface macrophages (MFMs) in a cohort of unvaccinated women who contracted coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) during their pregnancy. We reported an infiltration of CD163+ macrophages in placenta from COVID‐19 women 19 whereas lymphoid compartment was not affected. Isolated MFMs exhibited nonpolarized activated signature (NOS2, IDO1, IFNG, TNF, TGFB) mainly in women infected during the second trimester of pregnancy. COVID‐19 during pregnancy primed MFM to produce type I and III interferon response to SARS‐CoV‐2 (Wuhan and δ strains), that were unable to elicit this in MFMs from healthy pregnant women. COVID‐19 also primed SARS‐CoV‐2 internalization by MFM in an angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2‐dependent manner. Activation and recall responses of MFMs were influenced by fetal sex. Collectively, these findings support a role for MFMs in the local immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, provide a basis for protective placental immunity in COVID‐19, and highlight the interest of vaccination in pregnant women.
Marine and terrestrial environmental change during the MIS 5–4 transition (southern North Sea area)
Authors: Waajen Irene M. , Peterse Francien , Wesselingh Frank P. , Busschers Freek S. , Wagner‐Cremer Friederike , van Heteren Sytze , Donders Timme H. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe Late Pleistocene Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 – MIS 4 transition (at ca. 75 ka) is globally known to correspond to a period of strong cooling and sea‐level lowering. Terrestrial records indicate the transition had a large impact on terrestrial environments, but the impact on coastal and shallow‐marine areas is poorly documented due to a lack of well‐dated, continuous archives caused by erosion during succeeding glacial lowstands. The extensive offshore deposits of the Brown Bank Formation in the southern North Sea yield a valuable record of this transition in a shallow‐marine environment. We show that the southern North Sea experienced subarctic marine conditions with a high input of terrestrial material during the MIS 5–4 transition. These continued marine conditions, which have not been described earlier for northwestern Europe, show that sea level remained relatively high, and lagged cooling on land inferred from lipid‐biomarker palaeothermometry. The time‐lag between terrestrial cooling and sea‐level fall created a sediment preservation window during the onset of MIS 4 in a shallow‐marine environment. Our record captures changes in both the terrestrial and shallow‐marine environments, and allows for linking terrestrial and marine records of the MIS 5–4 transition in NW Europe.
Second primary malignancies in women with breast cancer
Authors: Chen Courtney , Tseng Joshua , Amersi Farin , Silberman Allan W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundIncreased screening and treatment advancements have resulted in improved survival rates in women with breast cancer (BC). However, recent data suggests these women have elevated risk of developing a second primary malignancy (SPM) compared to the general population. Limited data exists on factors associated with BC patients developing a SPM.MethodA retrospective review of a prospective single institution database (1990–2016) identified 782 patients with a history of BC. One hundred and ninety‐four BC patients developed a SPM. Clinicopathologic and treatment characteristics were analyzed.ResultsOf the 194 patients (24.8%) who developed a SPM, 56 (28.9%) BC patients were <50 years old (range: 24–87 years). Two‐thirds (64.9%) had at least one first or second degree relative with a malignancy (no relatives—35.1%; ≥1 relative—62.9%). Most patients had invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 117, 60.3%) or ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 39, 20.1%). Twenty‐two patients (11.3%) had pathogenic genetic mutations. Mean time to developing a SPM was 8.9 years (range: 4 months–50 years). Eighty (47.6%) patients received chemotherapy with 91 (54.5%) completing radiation. The most common SPMs were breast (22%), melanoma (17.8%), gynecologic (14.1%), colorectal (12.6%), hematologic (8.9%), and sarcoma (6.5%). Most breast tumors were estrogen receptor (ER) (n = 99, 78.0%) or progesterone receptor (PR) positive (n = 87, 73.1%) but not HER2‐neu positive (n = 13, 14.0%).ConclusionMost BC patients who developed a SPM had ER/PR positive tumors and a family history of malignancy, with most <50 years old. Although chemotherapy and radiation increase cancer risk, there were an equal number of patients with SPMs who did or did not receive either treatment. Most SPMs were breast, soft tissue, gynecologic, hematologic, or colorectal. BC patients should be followed closely given an elevated propensity for developing SPMs.
Different temperature sensitivities of key physiological processes lead to divergent trait response patterns in Arctic phytoplankton
Authors: Rehder Linda , Rokitta Sebastian D. , Hoppe Clara J. M. , Buschmann Isabelle , Jasper Levke , Rost Björn 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOcean warming is especially pronounced in the Arctic, and phytoplankton will face thermodynamically driven changes in their physiology, potentially pushing them beyond their thermal optimum. We assessed temperature responses of multiple functional traits over their entire thermal window (growth rates, quotas of particulate organic carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll a, as well as photophysiological parameters) in three different Arctic phytoplankton species (Thalassiosira hyalina, Micromonas pusilla, and Nitzschia frigida). Temperature response patterns in growth and biomass production rates indicated that all species exhibit wide thermal windows with highest rates at temperatures that exceed current polar temperatures. Species showed different temperature response patterns in cellular elemental quotas, which originate from the interplay of cell division and biomass production: These processes differ in their temperature sensitivity and optima, resulting in U‐shaped, bell‐shaped, or linear patterns of elemental quotas. Despite unaltered light intensity, higher temperatures increased light acclimation indices in all species while lifetimes of photosystem II reopening decreased in all species, suggesting that warming causes a transition from light saturation to light limitation. Our findings on temperature sensitivities of cell division and biomass production not only indicate that Arctic phytoplankton may benefit from moderate warming, but also highlight that meaningful interpretations of cellular quotas require a consideration of the underlying processes.
Friction and wear behavior of micro‐arc oxidation‐modified graphene/epoxy resin composite coating on TC4 titanium alloy
Authors: Chen X. W. , Tang S. , Xie W. L. , Zhang M. , Song H. , Ran Q. Z. , Zhang D. F. , Zeng D. Z. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo enhance the friction and wear performance of TC4 titanium alloy, micro‐arc oxidation(MAO) coating was fabricated on its surface, which was subsequently sealed with a modified graphene/epoxy resin coating to form a composite coating of micro‐arc oxidation ‐modified graphene/epoxy resin. The friction and wear performance of samples sealed by different methods are analyzed and characterized using a scanning electron microscope, an energy spectrometer, and friction and wear tester. The results indicate that the modified graphene/epoxy resin coating successfully combines with the micro‐arc oxidation coating and fills the pores, thereby enhancing the friction and wear performance of the composite coating. In tribological tests, compared with other samples, this composite coating has a lower friction coefficient and specific wear rate, showing excellent friction and wear performance, and its main wear mechanism is adhesive wear. Therefore, the fabrication of a micro‐arc oxidation ‐modified graphene/epoxy resin composite coating can improve the friction and wear performance of TC4 titanium alloy.
An efficient microchip electromembrane extraction online with high‐performance liquid chromatography for the measurement of nicotine in high consumption vegetables
Authors: Barzegar Fatemeh , Kamankesh Marzieh , Mohammadi Abdorreza 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionNicotine, a highly addictive substance, is naturally produced in the Solanaceae family of plants, particularly tobacco. The presence of nicotine in plant foods has adverse effects on the lungs, kidneys, heart, and reproductive system.ObjectiveA novel three‐phase microchip flat electromembrane coupled with online high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed to analyze nicotine in tomato, mushroom, eggplant, bell pepper, and red pepper.MethodsThe microchip was connected to the HPLC in online mode. All effective variables were optimized to achieve the best extraction response. The use of electric potential and 2‐nitrophenyl octyl ether −5% di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate as a modified supported liquid membrane (SLM) increased the sensitivity and selectivity.ResultsThe optimal extraction voltage, extraction time, and ion balance were 40 V, 10 min and 0, respectively. The dynamic linear range was 0.5–1000 ng g−1. The obtained recovery, relative standard deviation, and enrichment factor were 98%, 7%, and 35, respectively. The limits of detection 0.4 ng g−1 and the limits of quantification were obtained 1.3 ng g−1. The highest (105.0 ng g−1) and lowest (3.4 ng g−1) concentrations of nicotine were obtained for eggplant and tomato, respectively.ConclusionSelective electromembrane extraction of nicotine from the donor phase to the acceptor phase was performed by optimizing the main variables influencing the method mechanism. The new channel design in this analytical system and online injection increased efficiency, stability, and repeatability. The results revealed that this method is capable for the efficient determination of trace amount of nicotine in edible vegetables.
Real‐world evidence of 18F‐fluciclovine Positron emission tomography/computed tomography performance for recurrent prostate cancer in the Veterans Affairs Health System
Authors: Friedrich Nadine A. , Gu Lin , Waller Justin , De Hoedt Amanda M. , Klaassen Zachary , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are no population‐level studies assessing 18F‐fluciclovine (fluciclovine) utilization of Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (PC). We assessed fluciclovine PET/CT in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System.MethodsOf 1153 men with claims suggesting receipt of fluciclovine PET/CT, we randomly reviewed charts of 300 who indeed underwent fluciclovine PET/CT. The primary outcome was fluciclovine PET/CT result (positive or negative). Comparison among groups stratified by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (yes vs. no) and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) (≤1 vs. >1 ng/mL) at imaging were performed. Logistic regression tested associations between PSA, ADT receipt, and race with fluciclovine PET/CT positive imaging.ResultsFluciclovine PET/CT positivity rate was 33% for patients with PSA 0–0.5 ng/mL, 21% for >0.5–1.0, 54% for >1.0–2.0, and 66% for >2.0 (p < 0.01). A 59% positivity rate ocurred in patients treated with concurrent ADT versus 37% in those not on ADT (p < 0.01). White were more likely to have a positive scan versus Black patients (55% vs. 38%; p = 0.02). Patients whose primary treatment was radical prostatectomy had a lower positivity rate (33%) versus those treated with radiotherapy (55%) (p < 0.001). On multivariable logistic regression, PSA > 1 ng/mL (all men odds ratio [OR]: 4.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.07–7.96; men on ADT only OR: 4.42, 95% CI: 1.73–11.26) and use of ADT (OR: 3.94, 95% CI: 1.32–11.75), and White (all men OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.20–4.17) predicted positive fluciclovine PET/CT.ConclusionThis real‐world study assessing 18F‐fluciclovine PET/CT performance in an equal access health care system confirms higher detection rates than traditional imaging methods, but positivity is highly influenced by PSA at time of imaging. Additionally, patients currently receiving ADT have at least four times higher likelihood of a positive scan, showing that scan positivity isn't negatively affected by ADT status in this study. Finally, White men were more likely to have a positive scan, the reasons for which should be explored in future studies.
Qualitätssicherung geschweißter ETFE‐Folien für den Einsatz im Bauwesen
Authors: Runge Dominik , Surholt Felix , Uhlemann Jörg , Stranghöner Natalie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractETFE‐Strukturen gelten als etablierte Bauweise, die als Fassaden‐ und Dachkonstruktionen meist weitspannender Gebäude eingesetzt werden. Als Membrane besitzen sie ein komplexes Tragverhalten, das durch die Wechselwirkung aus Beanspruchung, Form und Materialverhalten bestimmt wird. Das Materialverhalten wird durch das viskoelastisch‐plastische Kurz‐ und Langzeit‐Zugtragverhalten der verwendeten Folienprodukte charakterisiert und muss für die Bemessung der dauerhaft beanspruchten ETFE‐Strukturen berücksichtigt werden. Die Herstellung der meist doppeltgekrümmten und individuell gestalteten Flächentragwerke wird durch die Schweißbarkeit des Fluorpolymers ermöglicht. Die Schweißverbindungen gelten als Schwachstelle des Gesamtsystems und sind maßgebend im Tragsicherheitsnachweis. In zwei Forschungsvorhaben wurde zum einen das mono‐ und biaxiale Kurz‐ und Langzeit‐Zugtragverhalten von ETFE‐Folien und zum anderen das Tragverhalten von ETFE‐Flächenschweißnähten untersucht sowie Verfahren zur Standardisierung der Ausführung von ETFE‐Schweißnähten erarbeitet. Auf Basis dieser Erkenntnisse wurden Konzepte, Methoden und Normen entwickelt, die für die Qualitätssicherung von ETFE‐Strukturen herangezogen werden können. Die im Rahmen dieser Forschungsvorhaben erarbeiteten grundlegenden Erkenntnisse werden im vorliegenden Beitrag vorgestellt.
Preparing students for the modern information landscape and navigating science–technology–society issues
Authors: Kruse Jerrid , Voss Sarah , Easter Jaclyn , Kent‐Schneider Isaiah , Menke Lucas , Owens David , Roberts Kean , Woodward Lindsay 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe goals of science education must be sufficiently broad to support learners navigating changing scientific, social, and media landscapes. This position paper builds upon existing scholarship to articulate a set of constructs useful for navigating the modern information landscape including constructs with a long history in science education (e.g., science content knowledge, science practices, nature of science) as well as those still relatively uncommon in science education (e.g., domain‐general epistemological beliefs, science disciplinary literacy, socioscientific reasoning, science media literacy, nature of technology, and critical consciousness). The paper first defines each construct, discusses how each construct supports navigating the modern information landscape, and explores research concerning the teaching and learning of each construct. Then, in the section “Application of Constructs to the Modern Information Landscape”, the paper succinctly explains how the constructs collectively combat particular struggles people may encounter. In addition to defining and articulating the constructs' utility, we explore strategies educators can use to integrate these constructs into their science teaching. Finally, we discuss implications for teaching, teacher education, and future research.
Fossil Fictions
Authors: Höglund Johan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores twentieth-century fiction that registers how the extractive relationship between land and people described in Chapter 1 developed during the twentieth century. The first part of the chapter focuses on the specific emergencies that were connected to the turn to coal in the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century US, and the final section discusses how the militarization of oil energies in the US gave rise to an increasingly self-assured, but also progressively anxious, climate narrative that worries about both biospheric breakdown and world-system transformation. The chapter introduces the concepts of coal frontier narrative and Petrowar fiction as textual modes that contribute strongly to the formation of the American Climate Emergency Narrative.