bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EnvironmentalDNAsurveillance for invertebrate species: advantages and technical limitations to detect invasive crayfishProcambarus clarkiiin freshwater ponds
Authors: Tréguier Anne , Paillisson Jean‐Marc , Dejean Tony , Valentini Alice , Schlaepfer Martin A. , Roussel Jean‐Marc 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe introduction of non‐native species is a major threat to biodiversity. While eradication programs of well‐established invaders are costly and hazardous for non‐target species, the early detection of a non‐native species at low density is critical for preventing biological invasions in recipient ecosystems. Recent studies reveal that environmentalDNA(eDNA) is a powerful tool for detecting target species in aquatic ecosystems, but these studies focus mostly on fish and amphibians.We examine the reliability of using eDNAto detect the presence of an invasive freshwater crustacean species, the red swamp crayfishProcambarus clarkii. Species‐specific primers and probes were designed; their specificity was tested usingin silicoPCRsimulations and against tissues of other crayfish species. Limits of detection and quantification were specified for the targetDNAsequence by means of quantitativePCRamplifications on dilution series of known amount ofP. clarkiiDNA.The method was applied to water samples collected in 158 ponds in aFrenchNaturePark, and results were compared to a traditional method using food‐baited funnel traps. EnvironmentalDNAhad a better detection efficiency but predominantly led to divergent results compared with the trapping method. While habitat features partly explained the failure of crayfish detection by trapping, detection by eDNAwas problematic at low crayfish abundances. WhenP. clarkiiwas detected, the estimated concentrations of crayfishDNAin water samples were always below the limit of quantification for the targetDNAsequence.Synthesis and applications. The combination of environmentalDNA(eDNA) and conventional trapping methods is recommended to monitor the invasion byP. clarkiiin small waterbodies such as ponds. However, the risk of mortality for non‐target species, notably amphibians, has to be carefully evaluated before large‐scale deployment of traps. Contrary to fish and amphibians, a low amount of extracellularDNAin water is suspected to be the major limitation for crayfish detection by molecular approaches. Current advancements inPCRtechnology, together with optimization of the water sampling method, promise upcoming developments of eDNAdetection for aquatic invertebrate species.
Response of photosynthesis and respiration to temperature under water deficit in two evergreen Nothofagus species
Authors: Sanhueza Carolina , Bascunan‐Godoy Luisa , Turnbull Matthew H. , Corcuera Luis Julian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRespiration and photosynthesis were studied in two Nothofagus species with different drought tolerance in order to evaluate the effect of water deficit on foliar carbon balance and the possible role of the alternative pathway on respiratory adjustment. We propose that under severe water deficit the more drought‐tolerant species N. dombeyi is able to decrease its respiration more than the less drought‐tolerant species N. nitida, thus carbon gain could be maintained when photosynthesis is suppressed by drought. Dark respiration (Rd) and carbon assimilation under saturating light (Asat) were evaluated under seasonal field conditions and during drying and re‐watering cycles under glasshouse. In addition, respiratory pathway changes were evaluated by oxygen isotope fractionation. In the field, N. dombeyi displayed greater light‐saturated photosynthetic capacity than N. nitida, but Rd did not differ between species during summer. In the glasshouse, N. dombeyi displayed an unchanged rate of Rd and increased carbon loss under severe water deficit. Nothofagus nitida displayed a more flexible respiratory response to water deficit, with a lower thermal sensitivity of respiration (decrease in Q10) and a decrease in Rd. This contributed to maintaining leaf carbon balance during the water deficit period. Respiratory electron flow was mainly via the cytochrome pathway for both species and under all treatments, indicating no strong participation of alternative respiration. Our results suggest that under severe water stress, N. dombeyi could be more injured than N. nitida and that the lack of control in the carbon loss under prolonged periods of drought could be limiting for its survival.
Experimental management control of Opuntia dillenii Haw. and Agave americana L. in Teno Rural Park, Canary Islands
Authors: Arévalo José R. , Fernández‐Lugo Silvia , Mellado Miguel , de la Concepción Tamar 
Published: April 2014

AbstractInvasion biology is an important element of global environmental change and represents one of the main threats to biodiversity. American species were introduced to Tenerife after the Spanish conquest during the eighteenth century, as is the case for Agave americana and Opuntia dillenii. The long period of naturalization and adaptation of these species has led them to become two of the most dispersed introduced species of the archipelago. We analyzed several eradication management processes in an area intensively invaded by both O. dillenii and A. americana. Three treatments were randomly applied: mechanical removal, use of herbicide (glyphosate at 10% volume), and mechanical and herbicide applied together. Both the effectiveness of the treatments to remove the target exotic species biovolume and the impact of the eradication methods on species richness and species composition of the area were analyzed. We found that the treatments had an impact on species composition but not on species richness. Species composition was mainly affected by mechanical treatment. The effect caused by the mechanical removal of the exotic target species in species composition is minor after 4 years, and is related to a higher dominance of shrub species typical of coastal shrubland and of annual or pioneer species. The control of O. dillenii and A. americana is evident from insignificant recovery 4 years after treatment application. A mechanical and herbicide treatment together, allowed not only the immediate removal of large individuals but also the herbicidal control of smaller ones.
Post‐dispersal seed predation and its relations with seed traits: a thirty‐species‐comparative study
Authors: Gong Hede , Tang ChaoZhi , Wang Bo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPost‐dispersal seed predation is a key process determining the variability in seed survival in forests, where most seeds are handled by rodents. Seed predation is thought to affect seedling regeneration, colonization ability and spatial distribution of plants. Basic seed traits are the essential factors affecting rodent foraging preferences and thus seed survival and seedling recruitment. Many studies have discussed several seed traits and their effects upon seed predation by rodents. However, the results of those previous studies are usually equivocal, likely because few seed traits and/or plant species tend to be incorporated into these studies. In order to elucidate the relationships between seed predation and seed traits, we surveyed the predation of 48 600 seeds in a natural pine forest, belonging to 30 species, for three consecutive years. The results demonstrated that: (i) seed size and seed coat hardness did not significantly affect seed predation; (ii) total phenolics had a negative effect upon seed predation; (iii) positive effects of nitrogen content upon seed predation were found. From our study, it seems that the better strategy to prevent heavy predation is for plants to produce seeds with higher total phenolics content rather than physical defenses (i.e. hard seed coat) or larger seeds. Additionally, rodent foraging preference may depend more on Nitrogen content than other nutrient content of seeds.
Transdermal clonidine in the treatment of severe hyperemesis. A pilot randomised control trial: CLONEMESI
Authors: Maina A , Arrotta M , Cicogna L , Donvito V , Mischinelli M , Todros T , Rivolo S 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo study the efficacy of transdermal clonidine in the treatment of severe refractory hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), the most severe illness of pregnancy.DesignThe study had a randomised, double ‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over design (RCT).SettingSingle tertiary referral hospital after admission of patients.SampleTwelve women of gestational age 6–12 weeks and a major grade of HG clinical severity who were unresponsive to standard antiemetic treatment.MethodsThe patients were randomly treated with and without the active drug (5 mg patch) for two consecutive periods of 5 days. The patients were allocated to a random list to receive first placebo and then active drug or the other way round. Other antiemetic drugs were administered on a scheduled or as‐needed basis. All patients received intravenous hydration and thiamine supplementation.Main outcome measuresPregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) and visual analog scale (VAS) clinical scores, positive morning urine ketonuria, number of doses of standard antiemetic drugs required, and number of days off intravenous therapy were compared in the two periods.ResultsTransdermal clonidine led to a significantly greater improvement compared with placebo of the primary (PUQE score P = 0.026 CI 0.43–3.24; VAS score P = 0.010 CI 2.17–12.83) and secondary outcome measures. A reduction of blood pressure was reported for systolic 6 mmHg P = 0.01 and diastolic 3 mmHg P = 0.055.ConclusionsThis preliminary RCT demonstrates the efficacy of transdermal clonidine in the treatment of severe HG, leading to a significant reduction of symptoms and reducing the need for other supportive measures and medications.
The relationship between potential contaminant exposure from fish and nutrient intakes in Australian women by pregnancy status
Authors: Taylor Aimee L. , Collins Clare E. , Patterson Amanda J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo report fish and potential mercury intakes in women of child‐bearing age and the impact on nutrient intakes.MethodsWomen (n = 7486) aged 25–30 years who participated in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were categorised according to pregnancy status. Daily fish and nutrient intakes were compared with national recommendations and Nutrient Reference Values. Estimated exposure to fish contaminants was modelled from the National Residue Survey and compared with Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes.ResultsMean fish intake for pregnant women was 28.2 g/day, and for women who had given birth within the last 12 months, 27.8 g/day. Both were significantly lower than ‘other’ women, consuming 33.0 g/day (P = 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively), and well below the latest suggested intakes by Food Standards Australia and New Zealand. Pregnant women and women who had recently given birth also had significantly lower consumption of long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids than ‘other’ women (P < 0.01 for both) and no groups met suggested dietary targets. Fish can provide up to 915% of a pregnant woman's Adequate Intake for long‐chain omega‐3s. Contamination of Australian fish is low, with estimated maximum weekly exposure to mercury below the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake.ConclusionsLimiting fish intake during pregnancy to minimise exposure to mercury may compromise nutritional adequacy and increase the risk of inadequate intakes of nutrients essential for maternal health and fetal growth and development. Public health recommendations need to balance the risks and benefits of fish consumption within specific countries.
GRASr2 Evaluation of Aliphatic Acyclic and Alicyclic Terpenoid Tertiary Alcohols and Structurally Related Substances Used as Flavoring Ingredients
Authors: Marnett Lawrence J. , Cohen Samuel M. , Fukushima Shoji , Gooderham Nigel J. , Hecht Stephen S. , Rietjens Ivonne M.C.M. , Smith Robert L. , Adams Timothy B. , Bastaki Maria , Harman Christie L. , McGowen Margaret M. , Taylor Sean V. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis publication is the 1st in a series of publications by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Assoc. summarizing the Panel's 3rd re‐evaluation of Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status referred to as the GRASr2 program. In 2011, the Panel initiated a comprehensive program to re‐evaluate the safety of more than 2700 flavor ingredients that have previously met the criteria for GRAS status under conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients. Elements that are fundamental to the safety evaluation of flavor ingredients include exposure, structural analogy, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology. Flavor ingredients are evaluated individually and in the context of the available scientific information on the group of structurally related substances. Scientific data relevant to the safety evaluation of the use of aliphatic acyclic and alicyclic terpenoid tertiary alcohols and structurally related substances as flavoring ingredients are evaluated. The group of aliphatic acyclic and alicyclic terpenoid tertiary alcohols and structurally related substances was reaffirmed as GRAS (GRASr2) based, in part, on their rapid absorption, metabolic detoxication, and excretion in humans and other animals; their low level of flavor use; the wide margins of safety between the conservative estimates of intake and the no‐observed‐adverse effect levels determined from subchronic studies and the lack of significant genotoxic and mutagenic potential.
Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Evaluation of Tortillas Produced by Microwave Heating during Alkaline‐Cooking of Aflatoxin‐Contaminated Maize
Authors: Vázquez‐Durán Alma , Díaz‐Torres Roberto , Ramírez‐Noguera Patricia , Moreno‐Martínez Ernesto , Méndez‐Albores Abraham 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induction by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from maize (ME) and tortillas (TE) produced by microwave nixtamalization were investigated in monkey kidney (Vero cells) using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, the induction of lipid peroxidation, the oxidative damage by means of glutathione (GSH) depletion, and the Salmonella‐microsomal screening system (Ames test). Our results showed that, at higher concentrations, both ME and TE extracts that contained varying amounts of aflatoxin caused a considerable decrease in Vero cell viability (up to 37%) after 4 h of exposure. Aflatoxins from ME induced greater oxidative damage by enhancing lipid peroxidation (up to 6.05 ± 0.14 μmol/mg protein) as compared to TE; however, TE also induced significant malondialdehyde formation in particular at the higher aflatoxin concentration tested (up to 2.7 ± 0.19 μmol/mg protein). The decrease in GSH level was also more pronounced in ME as compared to TE. Moreover, the Ames test results indicated that the mutagenic activity of TE was greatly reduced compared with that of ME based on his− → his+ reversions in the Salmonella TA100 strain. According to these results, it is concluded that the microwave nixtamalization procedure reduced aflatoxins and their in vitro toxicity and mutagenic activity.Practical ApplicationIn Mexico, aflatoxins are often found in maize destined for the tortilla industry; consequently, tortilla consumption invariably leads to an important intake of intact and/or modified aflatoxin molecules caused by the thermal‐alkaline treatment used during production. Therefore, it is of the highest importance to check whether such intake has the potential to lead to higher risk for adverse human health effects. In view of these considerations, in vitro tests may thus be useful for predicting the potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of tortillas produced for human consumption using aflatoxin‐contaminated maize.
Bacterial Communities of Traditional Salted and Fermented Seafoods from Jeju Island of Korea Using 16S rRNA Gene Clone Library Analysis
Authors: Kim Min‐Soo , Park Eun‐Jin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractJeotgal, which is widely consumed as a nutritional supplement in Korea, is traditional type of preserved seafood that is prepared by salting and fermenting. Here, we report on the bacterial community structure and diversity of jeotgal obtained from the Korean island of Jeju, which has a subtropical climate. Two samples of Jeotgal were collected from Jeju, made from either damselfish (Chromis notata; jari‐dom‐jeot, J1 and J2) or silver‐stripe round herring (Spratelloides gracilis; ggot‐myulchi‐jeot, K1 and K2). The physical characteristics (pH and salinity) were assessed and the bacterial communities characterized using 16S rRNA gene‐clone library analysis and cultural isolation. No difference was found in the community composition between the J and K fermented seafoods. Both fermented seafoods had relatively high salinity (26% to 33%) and high pH values (pH 6.08 to 6.72). Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, the halophilic lactic‐acid bacteria Tetragenococcus halophilus and T. muriaticus were observed to be dominant in the J and K fermented seafoods, accompanied by halophilic bacteria including Halanaerobium spp., Halomonas spp., and Chromohalobacter spp. When compared with 7 other types of fermented seafood from a previous study, the communities of the J and K fermented seafoods were separated by the most influential group, the genus Tetragenococcus. The results suggest that these 2 types of traditional salted fermented seafood from Jeju have distinct communities dominated by Tetragenococcus spp., which are derived from the raw ingredients and are dependent on the physical conditions. This may explain how the seafoods that are made in Jeju may differ from other jeotgals.
Effect of Blood Removal Protocol and Superchilling on Quality Parameters of Prerigor Filleted Farmed Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Rotabakk Bjørn Tore , Bleie Hogne , Stien Lars Helge , Roth Bjorn 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA total of 40 farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were in 2 groups either fillet directly after stunning and spray washed or produced into fillets according to traditional slaughter methods including exsanguination for 30 min, gutting and washing. Both groups were either stored superchilled or traditionally on ice. After 7 d postmortem color (CIE L*, a*, b*) and fillet shrinkage was measured by computer imaging along with drip loss and texture hardness. Results show that superchilled fillets had significant lower core temperature than fillets stored on ice during the entire 7 d storage period. This resulted in reduced fillet shrinkage from 14.7% to 6.9% and less drip loss dropping from 9.45% to 3.99% in average. Processing the fish directly into fillets resulted in satisfactory blood drainage, where all groups were in particularly well exsanguinated with a* values below zero. No color difference was observed between filleting groups or chilling methods. Spray washing of the fillets resulted in water uptake and higher drip loss in interaction with chilling method. We conclude that filleting farmed fish in one step is feasible.Practical ApplicationTraditionally farmed fish are slaughtered and processed over several steps, which often include live chilling, stunning, exsanguination, chilling, gutting, rinsing, decapitation, filleting before the fillets are packed into polystyrene boxes and shipped with ice. These processes are often time, laboring, space, and energy consuming. A novel processing line for filleting of farmed fish is gutting and filleting the fish directly after decapitation and replacing exsanguination with spray washing the fillets. In addition, all the cooling steps are replaced by superchilling the fillets. This novel process line gives fillets with comparable if not superior quality compared to the traditional process.
Cost‐effective enrichment hybridization capture of chloroplast genomes at deep multiplexing levels for population genetics and phylogeography studies
Authors: Mariac Cédric , Scarcelli Nora , Pouzadou Juliette , Barnaud Adeline , Billot Claire , Faye Adama , Kougbeadjo Ayite , Maillol Vincent , Martin Guillaume , Sabot François , Santoni Sylvain , Vigouroux Yves , Couvreur Thomas L. P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBiodiversity, phylogeography and population genetic studies will be revolutionized by access to large data sets thanks to next‐generation sequencing methods. In this study, we develop an easy and cost‐effective protocol for in‐solution enrichment hybridization capture of complete chloroplast genomes applicable at deep‐multiplexed levels. The protocol uses cheap in‐house species‐specific probes developed via long‐range PCR of the entire chloroplast. Barcoded libraries are constructed, and in‐solution enrichment of the chloroplasts is carried out using the probes. This protocol was tested and validated on six economically important West African crop species, namely African rice, pearl millet, three African yam species and fonio. For pearl millet, we also demonstrate the effectiveness of this protocol to retrieve 95% of the sequence of the whole chloroplast on 95 multiplexed individuals in a single MiSeq run at a success rate of 95%. This new protocol allows whole chloroplast genomes to be retrieved at a modest cost and will allow unprecedented resolution for closely related species in phylogeography studies using plastomes.
Existence of species complex largely reduced barcoding success for invasive species ofTephritidae: a case study inBactroceraspp.
Authors: Jiang F. , Jin Q. , Liang L. , Zhang A. B. , Li Z. H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFruit flies in the family Tephritidae are the economically important pests that have many species complexes.DNAbarcoding has gradually been verified as an effective tool for identifying species in a wide range of taxonomic groups, and there are several publications on rapid and accurate identification of fruit flies based on this technique; however, comprehensive analyses of large and new taxa for the effectiveness ofDNAbarcoding for fruit flies identification have been rare. In this study, we evaluated theCOIbarcode sequences for the diagnosis of fruit flies using 1426 sequences for 73 species ofBactroceradistributed worldwide. Tree‐based [neighbour‐joining (NJ)]; distance‐based, such as Best Match (BM), Best Close Match (BCM) and Minimum Distance (MD); and character‐based methods were used to evaluate the barcoding success rates obtained with maintaining the species complex in the data set, treating a species complex as a single taxon unit, and removing the species complex. Our results indicate that the average divergence between species was 14.04% (0.00–25.16%), whereas within a species this was 0.81% (0.00–9.71%); the existence of species complexes largely reduced the barcoding success for Tephritidae, for example relatively low success rates (74.4% based onBMandBCMand 84.8% based onMD) were obtained when the sequences from species complexes were included in the analysis, whereas significantly higher success rates were achieved if the species complexes were treated as a single taxon or removed from the data set –BM(98.9%),BCM(98.5%) andMD(97.5%), orBM(98.1%),BCM(97.4%) andMD(98.2%).