bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the leaf area-seed yield relationship in soybean driven by genetic, management and environments: implications for high-throughput phenotyping
Authors: Chiozza Mariana V , Parmley Kyle , Schapaugh William T , Asebedo Antonio R , Singh Asheesh K , Miguez Fernando E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
High-throughput crop phenotyping (HTP) in soybean (Glycine max) has been used to estimate seed yield with varying degrees of accuracy. Research in this area typically makes use of different machine-learning approaches to predict seed yield based on crop images with a strong focus on analytics. On the other hand, a significant part of the soybean breeding community still utilizes linear approaches to relate canopy traits and seed yield relying on parsimony. Our research attempted to address the limitations related to interpretability, scope and system comprehension inherent in previous modelling approaches. We utilized a combination of empirical and simulated data to augment the experimental footprint as well as to explore the combined effects of genetics (G), environments (E) and management (M). We use flexible functions without assuming a pre-determined response between canopy traits and seed yield. Factors such as soybean maturity date, duration of vegetative and reproductive periods, harvest index, potential leaf size, planting date and plant population affected the shape of the canopy-seed yield relationship as well as the canopy optimum values at which selection of high yielding genotypes should be conducted. This work demonstrates that there are avenues for improved application of HTP in soybean breeding programs if similar modelling approaches are considered.
Consumer Dirtwork: What Extraordinary Consumption Reveals about the Usefulness of Dirt
Authors: Warren Nathan B , Price Linda L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Societies create material, social, and moral boundaries that define who and what is dirty. “Dirt” encompasses literal and figurative things—objects, beings, ideas—that transgress these boundaries and thus are “out of place.” Previous research describing how consumers avoid and manage dirt assumes that dirt is aversive. The concept of consumer dirtwork emerged from our examination of self-described “dirtbag” wilderness consumers. Dirtwork reveals the potential usefulness of dirt. Instead of cleaning, dirtworkers redraw dirt boundaries, revealing resources they then work to capture. Boundary redrawing describes a continuum of adjustments to dirt boundaries, ranging from small shifts to complete inversions. Resourcing work describes the efforts required to capture the resources that are uncovered by boundary redrawing. Dirtwork results in challenges and rewards, and offers the possibility of continued dirtwork-resourced consumption. Dirtwork contributes by revealing the process wherein consumers make use of dirt, thus demonstrating the usefulness of dirt and fluidity of dirt boundaries. Dirtwork provides a useful lens for understanding consumer behaviors that do not aspire or cannot conform to socially-imposed cleanliness rules, including stigmatized, mundane, and extraordinary consumption. Dirtwork challenges assumptions that clean is good, socially-valuable, safe, and sustainable, and implicit associations of dirt with danger, stigma, and unsustainability.
Greater aperture counteracts effects of reduced stomatal density on water use efficiency: a case study on sugarcane and meta-analysis
Authors: Lunn Daniel , Kannan Baskaran , Germon Amandine , Leverett Alistair , Clemente Tom E , Altpeter Fredy , Leakey Andrew D B 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Stomata regulate CO2 and water vapor exchange between leaves and the atmosphere. Stomata are a target for engineering to improve crop intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). One example is by expressing genes that lower stomatal density (SD) and reduce stomatal conductance (gsw). However, the quantitative relationship between reduced SD, gsw, and the mechanisms underlying it is poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap using low-SD sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) as a case study alongside a meta-analysis of data from 10 species. Transgenic expression of EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 2 from Sorghum bicolor (SbEPF2) in sugarcane reduced SD by 26–38% but did not affect gsw compared with the wild type. Further, no changes occurred in stomatal complex size or proxies for photosynthetic capacity. Measurements of gas exchange at low CO2 concentrations that promote complete stomatal opening to normalize aperture size between genotypes were combined with modeling of maximum gsw from anatomical data. These data suggest that increased stomatal aperture is the only possible explanation for maintaining gsw when SD is reduced. Meta-analysis across C3 dicots, C3 monocots, and C4 monocots revealed that engineered reductions in SD are strongly correlated with lower gsw (r2=0.60–0.98), but this response is damped relative to the change in anatomy.
Star formation properties of z ∼ 1 galaxy clusters and groups from Horizon Run 5
Authors: Lee Seong-Kook , Park Changbom , Kim Juhan , Lee Jaehyun , Gibson Brad K , Kim Yonghwi , Few C Gareth 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Quiescent galaxies are predominantly observed in local galaxy clusters. However, the fraction of quiescent galaxies in high-redshift clusters significantly varies among different clusters. In this study, we present the results of an analysis of the star formation (SF) properties of $z \sim 0.87$ clusters and groups from a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation Horizon Run 5. We investigate the correlation between the quiescent galaxy fraction (QF) of these model clusters/groups and their various internal or external properties. We find that halo mass is one of the most important characteristics as higher mass clusters and groups have higher QFs. We also find that other properties such as stellar-mass ratio and Friends-of-Friends fraction, which measures the proportion of the area around a cluster occupied by dense structures, may mildly affect the QFs of clusters and groups. This may indicate that the evolutionary history as well as the large-scale environment of clusters and groups also play a certain role in determining the SF status of high-redshift galaxy clusters and groups.
Structural stability of China’s asteroid mission target 2016 HO3 and its possible structure
Authors: Cheng Bin , Baoyin Hexi 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Asteroid 2016 HO$_3$, a small asteroid (&lt;60 m) in super fast rotation state ($\sim$28 min), and is the target of China’s Tianwen-2 asteroid sample-return mission. In this work, we investigate its structural stability using an advanced soft-sphere-discrete-element-model code, dembody, which is integrated with bonded-aggregate models to simulate highly irregular boulders. The asteroid body is numerically constructed by tens of thousands particles, and then is slowly spun up until structural failure. Rubble piles with different frictions, cohesions, morphologies, grain size distributions, and structures are investigated. We find a 2016 HO$_3$ shaped granular asteroid would undergo tensile failure at higher strengths as opposed to shear failure in lower strengths, regardless of its shape and constituent grain size ratio. In the tensile failure regime, the critical tensile strength is proportional to the square of the spin rate, but surprisingly, is independent of the internal friction angle. Such relations indicate that the Maximum Tensile Stress criterion emerges as superior paradigm for investigating the failure behaviour of fast-rotating asteroids. We predict that the high-spin rate of asteroid 2016 HO$_3$ requires a surface strength over $\sim$3 Pa and a bulk tensile strength over $\sim$10–30 Pa. Through comparing these strength conditions with the latest data from asteroid missions, we suggest a higher likelihood of a monolithic structure over a typical rubble pile structure. However, the possibility of the latter cannot be completely ruled out. In addition, the asteroid’s surface could retain a loose regolith layer globally or only near its poles, which could be the target for sampling of Tianwen-2 mission.
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: reionization kSZ trispectrum methodology and limits
Authors: MacCrann Niall , Qu Frank J , Namikawa Toshiya , Bolliet Boris , Cai Hongbo , Calabrese Erminia , Choi Steve K , Coulton William , Darwish Omar , Ferraro Simone , Guan Yilun , Hill J Colin , Hilton Matt , Hložek Renée , Kramer Darby , Madhavacheril Mathew S , Moodley Kavilan , Sehgal Neelima , Sherwin Blake D , Sifón Cristóbal , Staggs Suzanne T , Trac Hy , Van Engelen Alexander , Vavagiakis Eve M 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Patchy reionization generates kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Large-scale velocity perturbations along the line of sight modulate the small-scale kSZ power spectrum, leading to a trispectrum (or four-point function) in the CMB that depends on the physics of reionization. We investigate the challenges in detecting this trispectrum and use tools developed for CMB lensing, such as realization-dependent bias subtraction and cross-correlation based estimators, to counter uncertainties in the instrumental noise and assumed CMB power spectrum. We also find that both lensing and extragalactic foregrounds can impart larger trispectrum contributions than the reionization kSZ signal. We present a range of mitigation methods for both of these sources of contamination, validated on microwave-sky simulations. We use ACT DR6 and Planck data to calculate an upper limit on the reionization kSZ trispectrum from a measurement dominated by foregrounds. The upper limit is about 50 times the signal predicted from recent simulations.
Instability throughout the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome resulting from Pms1 endonuclease deficiency
Authors: Lujan Scott A , Garbacz Marta A , Liberti Sascha E , Burkholder Adam B , Kunkel Thomas A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The endonuclease activity of Pms1 directs mismatch repair by generating a nick in the newly replicated DNA strand. Inactivating Pms2, the human homologue of yeast Pms1, increases the chances of colorectal and uterine cancers. Here we use whole genome sequencing to show that loss of this endonuclease activity, via the pms1-DE variant, results in strong mutator effects throughout the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. Mutation rates are strongly increased for mutations resulting from all types of single-base substitutions and for a wide variety of single- and multi-base indel mutations. Rates for these events are further increased in strains combining pms1-DE with mutator variants of each of the three major leading and lagging strand replicases. In all cases, mutation rates, spectra, biases, and context preferences are statistically indistinguishable from strains with equivalent polymerases but lacking initial mismatch recognition due to deletion of MSH2. This implies that, across the nuclear genome, strand discrimination via the Pms1 endonuclease is as important for MMR as is initial mismatch recognition by Msh2 heterodimers.
CLOCI: unveiling cryptic fungal gene clusters with generalized detection
Authors: Konkel Zachary , Kubatko Laura , Slot Jason C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Gene clusters are genomic loci that contain multiple genes that are functionally and genetically linked. Gene clusters collectively encode diverse functions, including small molecule biosynthesis, nutrient assimilation, metabolite degradation, and production of proteins essential for growth and development. Identifying gene clusters is a powerful tool for small molecule discovery and provides insight into the ecology and evolution of organisms. Current detection algorithms focus on canonical ‘core’ biosynthetic functions many gene clusters encode, while overlooking uncommon or unknown cluster classes. These overlooked clusters are a potential source of novel natural products and comprise an untold portion of overall gene cluster repertoires. Unbiased, function-agnostic detection algorithms therefore provide an opportunity to reveal novel classes of gene clusters and more precisely define genome organization. We present CLOCI (Co-occurrence Locus and Orthologous Cluster Identifier), an algorithm that identifies gene clusters using multiple proxies of selection for coordinated gene evolution. Our approach generalizes gene cluster detection and gene cluster family circumscription, improves detection of multiple known functional classes, and unveils non-canonical gene clusters. CLOCI is suitable for genome-enabled small molecule mining, and presents an easily tunable approach for delineating gene cluster families and homologous loci.
Chimeric HLA antibody receptor T cell therapy for humoral transplant rejection
Authors: Arana Carolt , Garcia-Busquets Ainhoa , Nicoli Michael , Betriu Sergi , Gille Ilse , Heemskerk Mirjam H M , Heidt Sebastiaan , Palou Eduard , Rovira Jordi , Diekmann Fritz 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is a significant obstacle to achieving optimal long-term outcomes after solid organ transplantation. The presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs), particularly against human leucocyte antigen (HLA), increases the risk of allograft rejection and subsequent graft loss. No effective treatment for ABMR currently exists, warranting novel approaches to target the HLA-specific humoral alloimmune response. Cellular therapies may hold promise to this end. According to publicly available sources as of now, three independent laboratories have genetically engineered a chimeric HLA antibody receptor (CHAR) and transduced it into human T cells, based on the demonstrated efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies in malignancies. These CHAR-T cells are designed to exclusively eliminate B cells that produce donor-specific HLA antibodies, which form the cornerstone of ABMR. CHAR technology generates potent and functional human cytotoxic T cells to target alloreactive HLA-specific B cells, sparing B cells with other specificities. Thus CHAR technology may be used as a selective desensitization protocol and to treat ABMR after solid organ transplantation.
Examining Differences in Real-World Effectiveness of e-Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation by Source of Purchase in England: An Observational Study of Different Contexts Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cox Sharon , Jackson Sarah E , Brown Jamie , Kock Loren , Shahab Lion 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation may differ by source of purchase. The changing influence of self-selection on purchase location caused by COVID-19 pandemic-related vape shop closures means we can examine the association between smoking abstinence e-cigarette use by purchase source and test for the moderation of this association by the timing of the pandemic.

Aims and Methods
Repeat-cross-sectional nationally representative surveys, conducted between January 2017 and August 2023. Participants (N = 1284; ≥18 years, 46.9% women) who made a past-year quit attempt, used an e-cigarette in their most recent attempt, currently vaping and provided data on the purchase source were included. The association between e-cigarette purchase source and continuous abstinence following the most recent quit attempt was assessed with adjusted regression, including an interaction between the timing of pandemic restrictions (March 2020 through January 2022).

Results
Overall, 48.1% usually purchase their e-cigarettes from vape shops, declining from 53.6% prepandemic to 40.6% during the pandemic. There was inconclusive evidence that those purchasing from vape shops had greater odds of quitting smoking (ORadj = 1.25, 95% CI = .92 to 1.76). The association between purchase source and successful quitting did not depend upon whether purchasing occurred before or during the pandemic (F = 0.08, pinteraction = .774; prepandemic: ORadj = 1.23, 0.79–1.91; and pandemic: ORadj = 1.29, 0.81–2.06).

Conclusions
More data are needed to conclusively determine whether purchasing from a specialist vape shop increases smoking cessation. Given the changing influence of self-selection on purchase location caused by the pandemic, the similar associations between purchase source and quit success across both periods suggest it is unlikely an artifact of unmeasured confounding.

Implications
If purchasing e-cigarettes from a specialist vape shop can increase their effectiveness for smoking cessation is an empirical question. While we found a positive association between purchasing from a specialist vape shop and abstinence rates, the results were inconclusive. Further studies are required to establish whether purchasing from specialist vape shops improves smoking cessation outcomes compared with other purchase sources.
Development of a data dictionary on viral hepatitis for the Philippines
Authors: Herber Jan Michael M , Fernandez Randy Joseph G , Hamoy Geohari L , Macalanda Jhunnel P , Villanueva Gerard Paolo F , Marcelo Alvin B , Ong Janus P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The considerable difference between the reported number of actual and estimated viral hepatitis cases in the Philippines can be attributed to the lack of reliable data. Since viral hepatitis is endemic in the country, efficient disease control depends on access to quality data. The rapid adoption of electronic medical records in different facilities in the country offers opportunities for access to such data but raises concerns about its standardization for analysis. This study presents the steps taken toward the adoption of a standardized data dictionary for viral hepatitis, referencing existing international terminology standards. A series of workshops were conducted to gain consensus among subject matter experts such as epidemiologists, hepatologists and informaticists. These workshops provided context to the different stakeholders through a shared understanding of viral hepatitis care processes and transforming these into computable representations. Using Department of Health-approved paper forms for viral hepatitis surveillance, a multidisciplinary team mapped the 125 unique data elements to various international standard code sets. The output was a draft Philippine Viral Hepatitis Data Dictionary—a prerequisite for the semantic interoperability of data from different electronic medical records.
The German transfer system for the working-age population: design, changes and consequences
Authors: Brülle Jan , Gangl Markus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this commentary, we use the example of the German transfer system and its recent changes to assess consequences of benefit design for social inequalities in times of changing labour markets. Based on the rich literature on the so-called ‘Hartz-IV reforms’ in the early 2000s, we argue that while producing winners and losers, the immediate consequences of benefit reforms in Germany for the generosity of transfers were modest. However, the reforms did change some of the basic design principles of the transfer system. While it is still debated to what extent the reforms of the transfer system can explain the combination of decreasing unemployment and increasing labour market inequalities, they certainly modified the institutional context in a way that fundamentally altered the preconditions for the politics of combating inequality. Thus, the German experience offers an interesting example for assessing both intended and unintended consequences of benefit reforms.
Labour market inequality
Authors: Giupponi Giulia , Machin Stephen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Wage and earnings inequality has been on the rise in the United Kingdom (UK) since the late 1970s/early 1980s, and with faster increases than comparator countries, it is now one of the countries with the highest levels of wage and earnings inequality in the developed world. Labour market inequality arises in various forms: inequalities in employment opportunities, wages, and hours worked, but also in other dimensions of employment, such as job security. This article considers key factors that have shaped labour market inequality in the UK over the last four decades, with a focus on technological changes and skill demand, labour market institutions, and contract regulation.
Place-based policies and geographical inequalities
Authors: Moretti Enrico 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Place-based programmes have become an important form of government intervention with the potential to profoundly affect the location of economic activity, along with the wages, employment, and industry mix of communities and regions. The enormous social costs of concentrated poverty and unemployment suggest that forms of policy intervention that can reduce concentrated poverty and unemployment have enormous upsides. At the same time, place-based policies involve important trade-offs. The main source of the trade-offs stems from the fact that place-based policies seek to shift investments, jobs, and incomes from the most productive areas of a country towards the least productive areas. This can result in economically meaningful efficiency losses. Setting socially optimal place-based policies crucially depends on understanding the sources of geographical disparities and the trade-offs involved.
Communities, places and inequality: a reflection
Authors: Amin Ash 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This commentary examines the meanings and potentials of community in addressing inequality. It reviews the characteristics of place as well as those of social ties that make for creative economic and welfare outcomes. The commentary leans towards innovations in the social economy, community assets, and decentred political capacities, noting the limitations of measures focusing on strengthening local social ties alone. It sees such steps as supplements to governmental initiatives to strengthen local asset markets and welfare provisions, and not as substitutes.
Labour market inequality in France and in the UK
Authors: Cahuc Pierre 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This commentary shows that a high minimum wage, a rigid grid of minimum wages negotiated at central or sectoral level and legislation ensuring job stability for employees on permanent contracts have enabled France to contain wage inequalities. On the other hand, there is a low employment rate and a high unemployment rate that create significant inequalities in access to employment and a high poverty rate before taxes and transfers.
Labour market inequality: a comparative political economy perspective
Authors: Howell David R , Kalleberg Arne L 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLarge and rising earnings and employment inequalities in countries such as the USA and the UK pose fundamental questions for social scientists and challenges for policymakers. Mainstream economists have explained these outcomes mainly in terms of competitive market forces, particularly the mismatch between technology-driven demands for skills and those supplied by workers. In contrast, political economy perspectives focus on employer–employee bargaining power, driven by the monopsony power of firms and declining institutional and policy protections for workers. We critically assess the evidence on the education wage premium and employment polarization used to support the competitive market explanation for US wage inequality. We then show that the incidence of decent pay for young less-educated workers varies sharply across similarly rich countries and that new indices of institutional bargaining power closely correspond to differences in pay distributions but are uncorrelated with conventional measures of employment performance. We conclude that well-designed institutional and policy changes can substantially promote shared growth and the well-being of working families.