bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissipation behaviour, processing factors and risk assessment for metalaxyl in greenhouse‐grown cucumber
Authors: Ramezani Mohammad Kazem , Shahriari Dariush 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDCucumber is widely cultivated in Iran, and the application of systemic and protective fungicides is the main choice of disease treatment, particularly in greenhouse‐grown systems. In this research, cucumber fruits were harvested at 1 h to 25 days after the last application to determine the residue and dissipation behaviour of metalaxyl. The effects of peeling and storage (at 3 °C for 4 days) on metalaxyl residue reduction were also assessed. Samples were extracted by the QuEChERS procedure then analysed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.RESULTSThe dissipation of metalaxyl residues approximately fitted a first‐order kinetic model, obtaining half‐life values of 2.2 and 3.8 days and preharvest interval values of 5.2 and 12.5 days at the recommended dose (2 kg ha−1) and double (4 kg ha−1) dose respectively. The processing factor values for peeling and storage were 0.50 and 0.93 respectively, showing that storage had little effect on residue reduction compared with peeling.CONCLUSIONThe higher content of metalaxyl residues in flesh showed its penetration from the skin into the flesh. The results provided more understanding of fungicide distribution as well as the effective role of peeling in reducing residues in cucumber fruits. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Wear and metallographic analysis of WaveOne and reciproc NiTi instruments before and after three uses in root canals
Authors: Pirani Chiara , Paolucci Alessandro , Ruggeri Oddone , Bossù Maurizio , Polimeni Antonella , Gatto Maria Rosaria Antonella , Gandolfi Maria Giovanna , Prati Carlo 
Published: July 2014

SummaryReciprocating instruments made from M‐wire alloy have been proposed to reduce the risk of fracture. No information is available on the surface alteration after single and multiple uses in root canals. Two reciprocating NiTi instruments were used on extracted teeth up to three times. ESEM/EDS analysis was conducted to determine defects, alterations, and wear features of the apical third of instruments and metallographic analysis was performed on the cross‐section of new and used instruments to compare alloy properties. Topography of apical portion was evaluated by AFM before and after uses. Extracted single‐rooted teeth were divided into two groups and instrumented according to the manufacturer's recommendations with: (A) WaveOne Primary and (B) Reciproc R25. Each group was divided into three subgroups according to the number of canals instrumented: 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Chi square test was performed to verify homogeneity of defects distribution and GLM to evaluate the differences of RMS at baseline and after use for both groups (α level 0.05). No instrument fractured and no spiral distortions were observed under optical microscope even when the number of uses increased. Not significant differences were found for WaveOne and Reciproc. Blades presented a wrapped portion in WaveOne group and a more symmetrical feature in Reciproc group. Metallographic analysis revealed in both groups the presence of twinned martensitic grains with isolated flat austenitic areas. Both instruments demonstrated limited alteration, such as tip deformation and wear. This study confirmed the safe clinical use of both instruments for shaping multi‐rooted teeth. SCANNING 36:517–525, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Baclofen prevented the changes in c‐Fos and brain‐derived neutrophic factor expressions during mecamylamine‐precipitated nicotine withdrawal in mice
Authors: Varani Andrés P. , Moutinho Machado Lirane , Balerio Graciela N. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTPrevious studies from our laboratory showed that baclofen (BAC, GABAB receptor agonist) prevented the behavioral and neurochemical alterations of nicotine (NIC) withdrawal syndrome. To further investigate the mechanisms underlying these effects, we analyzed the c‐Fos and brain‐derived neutrophic factor (BDNF) expression during NIC withdrawal and its prevention with BAC. Swiss‐Webster mice received NIC (2.5 mg/kg, sc) four times daily, for 7 days. On the 8th day, NIC‐treated mice received the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine (MEC; 2 mg/kg, i.p.) 1 h after the last dose of NIC. A second group of NIC‐treated mice received BAC (2 mg/kg, i.p.) prior to MEC administration. Thirty minutes after MEC, mice were sacrificed and the immunohistochemistry assays (c‐Fos and BDNF) were performed at different anatomical levels. c‐Fos expression decreased in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), and increased in the habenular (Hb), accumbens shell (AcbSh) nuclei during NIC withdrawal. BAC re‐established the modified c‐Fos expression only in the DG, BST and AcbSh during NIC withdrawal. Conversely, BDNF expression decreased in the CA1 and CA3 area of the hippocampus, the Hb, and caudate putamen (CPu) during NIC withdrawal. Finally, BAC restored the decreased BDNF expression during NIC withdrawal in the CA1, CA3, Hb, and CPu. The results suggest a relationship between BAC's preventive effect of the expression of NIC withdrawal signs, and its ability to restore the changes in c‐Fos and BDNF expression, observed in specific brain areas of NIC‐withdrawn mice. Synapse 68:508–517, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantifying serotonin transporters by PET with [11C]‐DASB before and after interferon‐α treatment
Authors: Shapiro Peter A. , Sloan Richard P. , Deochand Chetram , Franceschi Ana M. , Delorenzo Christine , Mann J. John , Parsey Ramin V. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundInterferon‐α (IFN‐α) therapy is frequently associated with disabling depression, fatigue, and related neuropsychiatric effects. Although depression in major depressive disorder is associated with low serotonin transporter binding, animal models suggest that IFN‐associated mood effects are linked to increased presynaptic serotonin transporter binding. This study tested the hypotheses that IFN administration to human subjects increases presynaptic serotonin binding activity, and that this effect correlates with incident depression symptoms.MethodsPositron emission tomography (PET) scans using [11C]‐DASB were obtained for nine hepatitis C patients before and after IFN‐α treatment for 8 weeks. Serotonin transporter binding was estimated using the likelihood estimation in graphical analysis (LEGA) model and measured as the volume of distribution (VT) divided by the free fraction of ligand (fP). Depression was measured with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Diagnosis (SCID) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM‐D).ResultsCompared to pre‐IFN treatment values, changes in serotonin transporter binding and depression symptoms were not significant. There was no correlation between changes in serotonin transporter binding and depression symptoms.LimitationsThe study is limited by small sample size, minimal effect on observed mood symptoms within the sample, and brief duration of follow‐up.ConclusionThese findings do not support the hypothesis of an IFN‐induced change in serotonin transporter function as the cause of incident depressive symptoms in patients treated with IFN‐α. Additional study of these possible relationships should be of longer duration and include more subjects with more pronounced changes in mood. Synapse 68:548–555, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CLA Supplementation and Aerobic Exercise Lower Blood Triacylglycerol, but Have No Effect on Peak Oxygen Uptake or Cardiorespiratory Fatigue Thresholds
Authors: Jenkins Nathaniel D. M. , Buckner Samuel L. , Cochrane Kristen C. , Bergstrom Haley C. , Goldsmith Jacob A. , Weir Joseph P. , Housh Terry J. , Cramer Joel T. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study examined the effects of 6 weeks of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation and moderate aerobic exercise on peak oxygen uptake ( peak), the gas exchange threshold (GET), the respiratory compensation point (RCP), and serum concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and glucose in humans. Thirty‐four untrained to moderately trained men (mean ± SD; age = 21.5 ± 2.8 years; mass = 77.2 ± 9.5 kg) completed this double‐blind, placebo controlled study and were randomly assigned to either a CLA (Clarinol A‐80; n = 18) or placebo (PLA; sunflower oil; n = 16) group. Prior to and following 6 weeks of aerobic training (50 % peak for 30 min, twice per week) and supplementation (5.63 g of total CLA isomers [of which 2.67 g was c9, t11 and 2.67 g was t10, c12] or 7.35 g high oleic sunflower oil per day), each participant completed an incremental cycle ergometer test to exhaustion to determine their peak, GET, and RCP and fasted blood draws were performed to measure serum concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and glucose. Serum triacylglycerol concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) in the CLA than the PLA group. For peak and glucose, there were group × time interactions (p < 0.05), however, post hoc statistical tests did not reveal any differences (p > 0.05) between the CLA and PLA groups. GET and RCP increased (p < 0.05) from pre‐ to post‐training for both the CLA and PLA groups. Overall, these data suggested that CLA and aerobic exercise may have synergistic, blood triacylglycerol lowering effects, although CLA may be ineffective for enhancing aerobic exercise performance in conjunction with a 6‐week aerobic exercise training program in college‐age men.
Das methodische Potenzial der neuen Sequenziertechnologien jenseits der Mutationssuche
Authors: Kuss A.W. 
Published: July 2014

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird eine Reihe wichtiger Anwendungen der neuen Sequenziertechnologien bzw. des Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) vorgestellt. An ausgewählten Beispielen werden für jede Methode die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der humangenetischen Forschung dargestellt, jeweils das prinzipielle Vorgehen beschrieben und mögliche Quellen für ausführliche Arbeitsanweisungen vorgestellt. Die beschriebenen Techniken umfassen im Einzelnen: RNA-Sequenzierung mittels NGS („RNA-Seq“), Chromatinimmunpräzipitation in Kombination mit NGS („ChIP-Seq“), „ribosome profiling“, Immunpräzipitation methylierter DNA-Segmente in Kombination mit NGS („methylated DNA immunoprecipitation“ bzw. „MeDIP-Seq“) und die HiC-Technik, eine Weiterentwicklung der Chromosome-Conformation-Capture(3c)-Methode.
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation in young cancer patients for fertility preservation
Authors: Suzuki Nao 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSeveral options are currently available to preserve fertility and give female cancer survivors a chance to have children at a later date, including the cryopreservation of embryos, oocytes, and ovarian tissue. Selection of the most suitable strategy to preserve fertility depends on the type and timing of anticancer therapy, the cancer, the patient's age, and the presence of the patient's partner. Several studies have shown that the ovarian tissue can be successfully frozen and later grafted in the human womb. To date, approximately 30 live births have been achieved after the transplantation of frozen‐thawed ovarian tissue. At present, the standard procedure for cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is the slow‐cooling method. The slow‐cooling method uses an optimal cooling rate for the target cells, and relies on extracellular ice crystals to gradually dehydrate and equilibrate the tissue. Several groups reported that slow cooling is more efficient than vitrification for the cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue. However, vitrification can be performed under a variety of conditions, and therefore, the choice of methods is important. In addition, vitrification traps aqueous solutions in an amorphous, “vitreous” solid phase that prevents ice crystal formation in tissues. Vitrification methods that were developed using mice and monkey have recently been shown to improve the viability of vitrified ovarian tissues. In this review article, recent topics of ovarian tissue cryopreservation are described.
Bringing Biocuration to China
Authors: Zhang Zhang , Zhu Weimin , Luo Jingchu 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Biocuration involves adding value to biomedical data by the processes of standardization, quality control and information transferring (also known as data annotation). It enhances data interoperability and consistency, and is critical in translating biomedical data into scientific discovery. Although China is becoming a leading scientific data producer, biocuration is still very new to the Chinese biomedical data community. In fact, there currently lacks an equivalent acknowledged word in Chinese for the word “curation”. Here we propose its Chinese translation as “审编” (Pinyin: shěn biān), based on its implied meanings taken by biomedical data community. The 8th International Biocuration Conference to be held in China (http://biocuration2015.tilsi.org) next year bears the potential to raise the general awareness in China of the significant role of biocuration in scientific discovery. However, challenges are ahead in its implementation.
Survivors’ understanding of vulnerability and resilience to maternal near‐miss obstetric events in Uganda
Authors: Kaye Dan K. , Kakaire Othman , Nakimuli Annettee , Mbalinda Scovia N. , Osinde Michael O. , Kakande Nelson 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo gain an understanding of how obstetric complications affect the lives and livelihoods of survivors.MethodsA phenomenological study was conducted between April and August 2013 at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Data were collected through in‐depth interviews among 36 women admitted with obstetric near miss. The interviews investigated perceptions, lived experiences, and meanings attached to such experiences by survivors. More specifically, the questions explored: self‐rated health; anticipated social, sexual, and reproductive health challenges; and mitigating factors.ResultsThe identified themes were prior expectations, vulnerability, body and social capital, and resilience. Women were found to approach childbirth with predetermined expectations that influenced their pregnancy and childbirth experience. Fatalism, expectations, and social insecurity markedly contributed to vulnerability. Resilience factors included ability to institute adaptations and to harness body and social capital.ConclusionVulnerabilities and their determinants were found to be inter‐related. Individuals’ social capital fluctuates over the acute crisis, necessitating multiple adaptations and coping strategies to reduce vulnerability or increase resilience. Although social and body capital may be mobilized to mitigate the effects of the obstetric crisis, they can either worsen vulnerability or increase resilience.
Prevalence of vulvodynia and risk factors for the condition in Portugal
Authors: Vieira‐Baptista Pedro , Lima‐Silva Joana , Cavaco‐Gomes João , Beires Jorge 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of vulvodynia in Portugal and factors associated with this condition.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, an online survey was distributed by email and posted on a website and social networks. Women aged at least 18 years who were living in Portugal were eligible to complete the survey between June 1 and November 30, 2013. Participants had to have had symptoms for at least 6 months to be deemed to have vulvodynia.ResultsOverall, 1229 questionnaires were included in analyses. A total of 80 (6.5%) women had vulvodynia at the time of the survey, and 117 (9.5%) had had it previously; lifetime prevalence was 16.0%. Pregnancy and type of delivery were not associated with vulvodynia. Women who had ever taken oral contraceptives were significantly more likely to have ever had vulvodynia (P < 0.010). Candidiasis, genital herpes, urinary tract infections, depression, and premenstrual syndrome were associated with ever having had vulvodynia (P < 0.01). Pain syndromes were associated with ever having had vulvodynia, especially fibromyalgia and bladder pain syndrome (P < 0.001). Scoliosis and hysterectomy were also significantly associated (P < 0.01).ConclusionThe prevalence of vulvodynia in Portugal is similar to that elsewhere. Three main groups of factors might lead to vulvodynia: local inflammatory factors, general pain susceptibility, and pelvic nerve interference.
Reactivated herpes simplex infection increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lövheim Hugo , Gilthorpe Jonathan , Adolfsson Rolf , Nilsson Lars-Göran , Elgh Fredrik 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have suggested a link between herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsThe present analysis included 3432 persons (53.9% women, mean age at inclusion 62.7 ± 14.4 years) with a mean follow‐up time of 11.3 years. The number of incident AD cases was 245. Serum samples were analyzed for anti‐HSV antibodies (immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsThe presence of anti‐HSV IgG antibodies was not associated with an increased risk for AD, controlled for age and sex (hazard ratio, HR, 0.993, P = .979). However, the presence of anti‐HSV IgM at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing AD (HR 1.959, P = .012).ConclusionPositivity for anti‐HSV IgM, a sign of reactivated infection, was found to almost double the risk for AD, whereas the presence of anti‐HSV IgG antibodies did not affect the risk.
The additivity of traces in monoidal derivators
Authors: Groth Moritz , Ponto Kate , Shulman Michael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMotivated by traces of matrices and Euler characteristics of topological spaces, we expect abstract traces in a symmetric monoidal category to be “additive”. When the category is “stable” in some sense, additivity along cofiber sequences is a question about the interaction of stability and the monoidal structure.May proved such an additivity theorem when the stable structure is a triangulation, based on new axioms for monoidal triangulated categories. in this paper we use stable derivators instead, which are a different model for “stable homotopy theories”. We define and study monoidal structures on derivators, providing a context to describe the interplay between stability and monoidal structure using only ordinary category theory and universal properties. We can then perform May's proof of the additivity of traces in a closed monoidal stable derivator without needing extra axioms, as all the needed compatibility is automatic.
BEYOND INFORMATION: PHYSICAL PRIVACY IN ENGLISH LAW
Authors: Moreham N. A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough English privacy law has developed significantly over the past two decades, it continues to focus almost exclusively on the disclosure of private or confidential information. This article argues that if privacy is to be comprehensively protected, then the importance of physical privacy – which is breached when a person is looked at, listened to or recorded against his or her wishes – must also be recognised. After discussing what physical privacy is and why existing protections for it are inadequate, the author contends that a physical privacy action can, and should, be developed from within English common law.
Industries and Stock Return Reversals
Authors: Hameed Allaudeen , Mian G. Mujtaba 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper documents pervasive evidence of intra-industry reversals in monthly returns. Unlike the conventional reversal strategy based on stock returns relative to the market portfolio, we document intra-industry return reversals that are larger in magnitude, consistently present over time, and prevalent across subgroups of stocks, including large and liquid stocks. These return reversals are driven by order imbalances and noninformational shocks. Consistent with reversals representing compensation for supplying liquidity, intra-industry reversals are stronger following aggregate market declines and volatile times, reflecting binding capital constraints and limited risk-bearing capacity of liquidity providers.
Measurement of the sound intensity during suction of middle-ear fluid following myringotomy
Authors: Wang J C , Allen S J , Rodriguez A I , Zahner C , Dissanaike S , Zupancic S , Marchbanks J 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjective:To determine noise intensity during middle-ear aspiration in order to evaluate whether levels can be potentially harmful.Methods:In this prospective, observational study, middle-ear effusion was aspirated following myringotomy using a suction instrument with a probe tube microphone. Sound pressure levels and duration were measured, and frequency domain analysis was performed.Results:Forty-four ears were analysed, consisting of 20 with mucoid effusion, 11 with serous effusion and 13 with no effusion. Maximum peak sound intensity ranged from 84 to 157 dB. Half of the ears (50 per cent) were exposed to greater than 140 dB; of these, 82 per cent were exposed for longer than 0.2 ms (range, 0.05–14 ms). There was no significant difference in sound pressure level between ears with mucoid and serous effusion; however, ears with mucoid effusion required longer suction times (p < 0.0030). In addition, peak intensity was greater for ears with mucoid effusion versus those with serous or no effusion (p < 0.0001).Conclusion:Middle-ear aspiration during myringotomy caused noise levels within a potentially harmful range.
On the reproduction of the Mediterranean keystone limpetPatella rustica: histological overview
Authors: Prusina Ivana , Ezgeta-Balić Daria , Ljubimir Stijepo , Dobroslavić Tatjana , Glamuzina Branko 
Published: July 2014

The reproductive cycle of the high shore limpetPatella rusticais described based on histological analysis as the primary method of staging gonad development. Sex-ratios, shell length at sexual maturity, gonad developmental stages, mean gonad index and oocyte size were investigated. Males and females were found to differ in size distribution, with females becoming more prevalent from ~28 mm onwards. The estimated shell length at which 50% of males were sexually mature was 13.1 mm.Patella rusticahas only one reproductive cycle per year with a spawning peak between November and December for both sexes, and gonad redevelopment from January. First data on the size–frequency analysis of oocytes for this species are also presented, concurring with the qualitative analysis of the gonad developmental stages. This study presents updated information on the reproductive cycle of this keystone species and provides the first account of the reproductive biology ofP. rusticain the Adriatic Sea.