bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrospray droplet impact secondary ion mass spectrometry using a vacuum electrospray source
Authors: Takaishi R. , Sakai Y. , Hiraoka K. , Wada H. , Morita S. , Nakashima T. , Nonami H. 
Published: July 2015

RationaleIn electrospray droplet impact (EDI) developed in our laboratory, an atmospheric pressure electrospray source has been used. To increase the ion beam intensity and reduce the evacuation load, a vacuum electrospray cluster ion source using a silica capillary was developed.MethodsA silica capillary with a tip inner diameter of 8 µm was used for vacuum electrospray using aqueous 10% methanol. To stabilize the flow rate of the liquid for nano‐electrospray, a home‐made constant pressure liquid pump was also developed.ResultsBy using the silica tip nano‐electrospray emitter and a constant pressure pump, stable electrospray with flow rate of 22 nL/min was realized without using any heating system such as laser irradiation. Comparative study of mass spectra obtained by atmospheric pressure EDI (A‐EDI) and vacuum EDI (V‐EDI) was made for various samples such as thermometer molecule, peptide, polystyrene, Alq3, NPD, C60, indium, and SiO2. V‐EDI showed slightly milder ionization than A‐EDI.ConclusionsBecause V‐EDI gave higher target current (5–10 nA) than A‐EDI (a few nA at most), V‐EDI secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) would be a useful technique for the surface and interface analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Choosing the right target: Relative preferences for resource similarity and complementarity in acquisition choice
Authors: Yu Yu , Umashankar Nita , Rao Vithala R. 
Published: July 2015

Research summary: Corporate acquisition is a popular strategic option for firms seeking new resources. However, little research exists on the question of why one firm is chosen over another. We develop a model relating characteristics of similarity and complementarity between acquirers' and target firms' key resources, including their products and R&D pipelines, to the likelihood of the acquirers choosing a particular firm. We construct measures of similarity and complementarity between and across products and R&D pipelines, and test their effects using a novel application of the choice model. Findings reveal that acquirers view similarity and complementarity differently, based on the resource they are comparing. When making comparisons to their own R&D pipelines, acquirers prefer similarity over complementarity whereas when making comparisons to their product portfolios, they prefer complementarity over similarity.Managerial summary: Corporate acquisition is a popular way for firms to grow and obtain innovative resources. However, we know little about why acquirers choose one firm over another. We capture the influence of similarity and complementarity between acquirers' and target firms' products (current innovative value) and R&D pipelines (future innovative value) on whether a particular target firm is acquired. Insights from the pharmaceutical industry reveal that acquirers value similarity and complementarity in target firms differently, based on whether the comparison being made is with respect to their products or their R&D pipelines. Regarding their R&D pipelines, acquirers prefer that the target firm has similar, rather than complementary, resources. However, the opposite is true concerning their own products: acquirers prefer that the target firm has complementary, versus similar, resources. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geminin is Essential to Prevent DNA Re-Replication-Dependent Apoptosis in Pluripotent Cells, but not in Differentiated Cells
Authors: Huang Yi-Yuan , Kaneko Kotaro J. , Pan Haiyan , DePamphilis Melvin L. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Geminin is a dual-function protein unique to multicellular animals with roles in modulating gene expression and preventing DNA re-replication. Here, we show that geminin is essential at the beginning of mammalian development to prevent DNA re-replication in pluripotent cells, exemplified by embryonic stem cells, as they undergo self-renewal and differentiation. Embryonic stem cells, embryonic fibroblasts, and immortalized fibroblasts were characterized before and after geminin was depleted either by gene ablation or siRNA. Depletion of geminin under conditions that promote either self-renewal or differentiation rapidly induced DNA re-replication, followed by DNA damage, then a DNA damage response, and finally apoptosis. Once differentiation had occurred, geminin was no longer essential for viability, although it continued to contribute to preventing DNA re-replication induced DNA damage. No relationship was detected between expression of geminin and genes associated with either pluripotency or differentiation. Thus, the primary role of geminin at the beginning of mammalian development is to prevent DNA re-replication-dependent apoptosis, a role previously believed essential only in cancer cells. These results suggest that regulation of gene expression by geminin occurs only after pluripotent cells differentiate into cells in which geminin is not essential for viability. Stem Cells 2015;33:3239–3253
On the path to genetic novelties: insights from programmed DNA elimination and RNA splicing
Authors: Catania Francesco , Schmitz Jürgen 
Published: July 2015

Understanding how genetic novelties arise is a central goal of evolutionary biology. To this end, programmed DNA elimination and RNA splicing deserve special consideration. While programmed DNA elimination reshapes genomes by eliminating chromatin during organismal development, RNA splicing rearranges genetic messages by removing intronic regions during transcription. Small RNAs help to mediate this class of sequence reorganization, which is not error‐free. It is this imperfection that makes programmed DNA elimination and RNA splicing excellent candidates for generating evolutionary novelties. Leveraging a number of these two processes' mechanistic and evolutionary properties, which have been uncovered over the past years, we present recently proposed models and empirical evidence for how splicing can shape the structure of protein‐coding genes in eukaryotes. We also chronicle a number of intriguing similarities between the processes of programmed DNA elimination and RNA splicing, and highlight the role that the variation in the population‐genetic environment may play in shaping their target sequences. WIREs RNA 2015, 6:547–561. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1293This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
Safety and feasibility of the new 5 Fr Glidesheath Slender
Authors: Yoshimachi Fuminobu , Kiemeneij Ferdinand , Masutani Motomaru , Matsukage Takashi , Takahashi Akihiko , Ikari Yuji 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the new 5 Fr Glidesheath Slender (GSS). The transradial (TR) approach has become popular because of several advantages, such as a reduced rate of vascular access site complications. However, because the radial artery is narrow, a limitation of TR access is the potential for artery spasm or occlusion. Studies of radial artery size demonstrate that 5 Fr sheaths are too wide for more than 10 % of patients. The GSS (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) is a new radial sheath with a thinner wall and a hydrophilic coating. It has an inner diameter that is compatible with a 5 Fr guiding catheter, while the outer diameter is similar to that of a 4 Fr sheath. A total of 21 consecutive patients undergoing transradial angiography and/or transradial percutaneous coronary intervention with the 5 Fr GSS were included, and safety and feasibility of the device were assessed. Transradial angiography was performed in 10 patients, and transradial intervention in 11 patients. All procedures were successful, without the need for conversion to the transfemoral approach. The radial artery occlusion rate was 0 %, including a patient who had experienced six previous radial artery punctures. There were no cases of artery spasm, hematoma, major bleeding or functional disorders. One coronary artery perforation caused by a guidewire was reported, but it was unrelated to the sheath introducer. The new 5 Fr GSS was safe and feasible for transradial angiography and transradial intervention.
Electrophysiological and behavioural responses of Ips typographus (L.) to trans-4-thujanol—a host tree volatile compound
Authors: Blažytė-Čereškienė Laima , Apšegaitė Violeta , Radžiutė Sandra , Mozūraitis Raimondas , Būda Vincas , Pečiulytė Dalė 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Key message

Spruce trees emit significant amounts of trans-4-thujanol, but the amount of this compound in bark decreases with tree age. Trans-4-thujanol acts as an efficient repellent for the bark beetle Ips typographus.

Context

The spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, is an economically significant pest of Norway spruce (Picea abies) that preferentially infests and kills old trees.

Aims

We looked for spruce volatiles that were perceivable by I. typographus and that differed as the host tree aged.

Methods

Bark beetles were collected in the wild. Bark samples from spruce trees of different age were hydrodistilled. Gas chromatography–electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD) was used to identify which compounds induced beetle olfactory responses. These were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Behavioural responses of bark beetles were tested using a Y-tube olfactometer.

Results

Several EAD peaks were recorded, of which trans-4-thujanol was consistently active and could be identified chemically unequivocally. The antennae of I. typographus females responded to a lower dosage of the compound than males, but both sexes were repelled by it. The bark of 10-year-old spruce trees contained 3 times more trans-4-thujanol than that of 35- 40-year-old trees, 27 times more than that of 70- to 80-year-old trees, and 200 times more than that of 120-year-old trees.

Conclusions

Trans-4-thujanol is a bioactive compound in Norway spruce bark that varies in amount with tree age and affects spruce bark beetle behaviour under laboratory conditions. It is suggested that trans-4-thujanol might play a role in both spruce tree defence and tree choice by beetles.
[18F]flutemetamol amyloid positron emission tomography in preclinical and symptomatic Alzheimer's disease: Specific detection of advanced phases of amyloid‐β pathology
Authors: Thal Dietmar Rudolf , Beach Thomas G. , Zanette Michelle , Heurling Kerstin , Chakrabarty Aruna , Ismail Azzam , Smith Adrian P.L. , Buckley Christopher 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundAmyloid positron emission tomography (PET) has become an important tool to identify amyloid‐β (Aβ) pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Here, we determined the diagnostic value of the amyloid PET tracer [18F]flutemetamol in relation to Aβ pathology at autopsy.Methods[18F]flutemetamol PET was carried out in a cohort of 68 patients included in a [18F]flutemetamol amyloid PET imaging end‐of‐life study (GE067‐007). At autopsy, AD pathology was determined and Aβ plaque pathology was classified into phases of its regional distribution (0–5).Results[18F]flutemetamol PET was universally positive in cases with advanced stage postmortem Aβ pathology (Aβ phases 4 and 5). Negative amyloid PET was universally observed in nondemented or non‐AD dementia cases with initial Aβ phases 1 and 2, whereas 33.3% of the phase 3 cases were positive.Conclusions[18F]flutemetamol amyloid PET detects primarily advanced stages of Aβ pathology in preclinical and symptomatic AD cases.
Testosterone at your fingertips: Digit ratios (2D:4D and rel2) as predictors of courtship‐related consumption intended to acquire and retain mates
Authors: Nepomuceno Marcelo Vinhal , Saad Gad , Stenstrom Eric , Mendenhall Zack , Iglesias Fabio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWhile hormones have been shown to impact a wide range of behaviors, little is known regarding their influence on consumer behavior. The current research examines the association between digit ratios and courtship‐related consumption. Digit ratios (2D:4D and rel2) are indicators of prenatal testosterone exposure and are assessed by measuring finger length. In Study 1, masculinized digit ratios (low digit ratios, high prenatal testosterone) in men were associated with greater courtship‐related consumption to acquire mates, and this association was stronger for men with high mating confidence. In women, feminized digit ratios (high digit ratios, low prenatal testosterone) were associated with greater courtship‐related consumption to acquire mates. In Study 2, men with masculinized digit ratios engaged in greater courtship‐related consumption by offering romantic gifts as a means of retaining mates. In women, feminized digit ratios were associated with greater romantic gift giving. Our findings suggest that high prenatal testosterone in men leads to greater courtship‐related consumption, whereas low prenatal testosterone leads to greater courtship‐related consumption in women.
Potential growth areas for implicit theories research
Authors: Wheeler S. Christian , Omair Akhtar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractImplicit theories have great potential relevance to shape theory and research in consumer psychology. Beliefs about the stability or malleability of human characteristics can affect the behaviors of companies and customers alike, including the ways in which the two interact with one another. In this paper, we speculate about potential extensions and boundary conditions for the effects of implicit theories on consumer behavior. We also propose a number of new directions for future research, especially regarding the role that implicit theories can play in persuasion and social influence.
A 24‐week study to evaluate the effect of rilapladib on cognition and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Maher‐Edwards Gareth , De'Ath Jeni , Barnett Carly , Lavrov Arseniy , Lockhart Andrew 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 inhibitor (Lp‐PLA2), rilapladib (SB659032), is being evaluated as a potential treatment to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsOne hundred twenty‐four subjects with possible mild AD and with neuroimaging evidence of cerebrovascular disease were randomized to placebo or 250‐mg rilapladib once daily, for 24 weeks, in addition to stable background acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and/or memantine. The study assessed the safety and tolerability of rilapladib and its effects on cognition, mechanistic, and disease‐related biomarkers. Although the overall intent behind the study was to take a broad exploratory view of the data, two primary end points of interest (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] amyloid beta peptide 1–42 [Aβ1–42] and CogState executive function/working memory [EF/WM] composite score at week 24) were prespecified in the analysis plan for inferential statistical analysis.ResultsRilapladib was well tolerated with no significant safety concerns. A significant difference from placebo was observed for rilapladib on change from baseline in EF/WM (effect size, 0.45; P = .026). There was no significant difference between groups on the change from baseline in CSF Aβ1–42 (P = .133). Preliminary evidence of effects was detected on other mechanistic (albumin quotient) and disease‐related biomarkers (tau/P‐tau and neurofilament light chain).ConclusionThese data provide initial evidence supporting Lp‐PLA2 inhibition as a novel treatment for dementia.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01428453.
HOW TO CONDORCET A GOLDMAN
Authors: Palmira Michele 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn his 2010 paper “Philosophical Naturalism and Intuitional Methodology”, Alvin I. Goldman invokes the Condorcet Jury Theorem in order to defend the reliability of intuitions. The present note argues that the original conditions of the theorem are all unrealistic when analysed in connection to the case of intuitions. Alternative conditions are discussed.
U–Pb geochronology of the Eocene Kærven intrusive complex, East Greenland: constraints on the Iceland hotspot track during the rift-to-drift transition
Authors: THÓRARINSSON SIGURJÓN B. , HOLM PAUL M. , TAPPE SEBASTIAN , HEAMAN LARRY M. , PRÆGEL NIELS-OLE 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSeveral major tholeiitic (e.g. the Skaergaard intrusion) and alkaline (e.g. the Kangerlussuaq Syenite) intrusive complexes of the North Atlantic Large Igneous Province are exposed along the Kangerlussuaq Fjord in East Greenland. The Kærven Complex forms a satellite intrusion to the Kangerlussuaq Syenite and includes early tholeiitic gabbros and a series of cross-cutting alkaline intrusions ranging from monzonite to alkali granite. The alkaline intrusions cut the gabbros, and are cut by the outer nordmarkite zone of the Kangerlussuaq Syenite. This study presents the first U–Pb zircon ages from the alkaline units of the Kærven Complex. Fourteen multi-grain zircon fractions have been analysed by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Absolute age differences could not be resolved between the different units, suggesting a relatively rapid succession of intrusions betweenc. 53.5 and 53.3 Ma. Our compilation of precise radiometric age data shows that most of the alkaline magmatism in the Kangerlussuaq Fjord occurred prior to 50 Ma. Moreover, pre-50 Ma alkaline intrusions and lavas show a SSE-younging trend, which is interpreted as the track of the Iceland hotspot during the rift-to-drift transition of the North Atlantic.
Children's Rights and Children's Wellbeing: Equivalent Policy Concepts?
Authors: TISDALL E. KAY M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractChildren's rights and children's wellbeing are often casually paired together in both academic literature and policy discussions, but they differ conceptually, methodologically and politically. This has become particularly evident in Scotland, where ‘landmark’ children's legislation in 2014 has set up a clash between statutory requirements for children's rights and children's wellbeing. This article utilises the Scottish example to wrestle with the advantages and disadvantages of each concept as a framework for policy and practice. The article concludes that children's wellbeing benefits from being aspirational and maximising, easily incorporating children's relationships and collective needs, and having advanced quantitative methods of measurement. But children's wellbeing also risks being apolitical, utilitarian and professionally led in both measurement and practice. Children's rights, in contrast, emphasise minimum standards, do not easily include important matters for children, such as love and friendship, and have limited quantitative investment to date. Yet they are politically powerful, backed by law, and hold duty bearers accountable. Decisions need to be made about the relationship between children's rights and children's wellbeing – and which is the primary framing for policy and practice – because they are not equivalent concepts.
STICKY INCOME INEQUALITY IN THE SPANISH TRANSITION (1973-1990)
Authors: Torregrosa-Hetland Sara 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the evolution of income inequality in Spain during its transition to democracy, suggesting a method for the correction of under-reporting of earnings and profits in the Household Budget Surveys’ data. The contribution is twofold: the methodological proposal, based on income-expenditure discrepancy and scaling-up to National Accounts, improves on previous work and can be useful for similar historical sources in other countries. Second, its application results in an alternative history of the distribution of income in this case, changing the levels and also the observed trend. Previous literature asserted a substantial equalisation, related to the democratisation process, while after the adjustment inequality in disposable income is shown to have been quite persistent.
Control distribution of partially decoupled multi-level manipulators with five DOFs
Authors: Loizaga M. , Altuzarra O. , Pinto Ch. , Petuya V. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYMulti-level manipulators are those mechanisms in which two or more levels, that define the main chain of the manipulator, are joined in parallel to each other. Besides, each level is linked to the base in parallel by some limbs. Based on the idea of multi-level manipulators and using the concept of plain leg surfaces, the synthesis of partially decoupled manipulators with five degrees of freedom is presented. Among the different possibilities that exist to design the main chain of the manipulator, one is selected and the different manipulators that can be obtained from this option are analyzed. The concept of control distribution per level is presented and compared with the distribution of degrees of freedom per level. Finally, each of the proposed manipulators is studied and those which decouple the rotations are chosen.
Many-one reductions and the category of multivalued functions
Authors: PAULY ARNO 
Published: July 2015

Multivalued functions are common in computable analysis (built upon the Type 2 Theory of Effectivity), and have made an appearance in complexity theory under the monikersearch problemsleading to complexity classes such as PPAD and PLS being studied. However, a systematic investigation of the resulting degree structures has only been initiated in the former situation so far (the Weihrauch-degrees).A more general understanding is possible, if the category-theoretic properties of multivalued functions are taken into account. In the present paper, the category-theoretic framework is established, and it is demonstrated that many-one degrees of multivalued functions form a distributive lattice under very general conditions, regardless of the actual reducibility notions used (e.g. Cook, Karp, Weihrauch).Beyond this, an abundance of open questions arises. Some classic results for reductions between functions carry over to multivalued functions, but others do not. The basic theme here again depends on category-theoretic differences between functions and multivalued functions.
Maxillofacial Gunshot Wounds
Authors: Maurin Olga , de Régloix Stanislas , Dubourdieu Stéphane , Lefort Hugues , Boizat Stéphane , Houze Benoit , Culoma Jennifer , Burlaton Guillaume , Tourtier Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe majority of maxillofacial gunshot wounds are caused by suicide attempts. Young men are affected most often. When the lower one-third of the face is involved, airway patency (1.6% of the cases) and hemorrhage control (1.9% of the cases) are the two most urgent complications to monitor and prevent. Spinal fractures are observed with 10% of maxillary injuries and in 20% of orbital injuries. Actions to treat the facial gunshot victim need to be performed, keeping in mind spine immobilization until radiographic imaging is complete and any required spinal stabilization accomplished. Patients should be transported to a trauma center equipped to deal with maxillofacial and neurosurgery because 40% require emergency surgery. The mortality rate of maxillofacial injuries shortly after arrival at a hospital varies from 2.8% to 11.0%. Complications such as hemiparesis or cranial nerve paralysis occur in 20% of survivors. This case has been reported on a victim of four gunshot injuries. One of the gunshots was to the left mandibular ramus and became lodged in the C4 vertebral bone.MaurinO,de RégloixS,DubourdieuS,LefortH,BoizatS,HouzeB,CulomaJ,BurlatonG,TourtierJP.Maxillofacial gunshot wounds.Prehosp Disaster Med.2015;30(3):14.