bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binding of amifostine to human serum albumin: A biophysical study
Authors: Sun Yifu , Wu Han , Zhao Guoqing , Shi Ying 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe aim of this present work is to investigate the interaction between amifostine and human serum albumin (HSA) in simulated physiological conditions by spectroscopic methods to reveal potential toxic effects of the drug. The results reflected that amifostine caused fluorescence quenching of HSA through a static quenching process, which was further confirmed by the electrochemical experiments. The binding constants at 290, 297 and 304 K were obtained as 2.53 × 105/M, 8.13 × 104/M and 3.59 × 104/M, respectively. There may be one binding site of amifostine on HSA. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the interaction between amifostine and HSA was driven mainly by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces. Synchronous fluorescence spectra, circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed amifostine binding slightly changed the conformation of HSA with secondary structural content changes. Förster resonance energy transfer study revealed high possibility of energy transfer with amifostine‐Trp‐214 distance of 3.48 nm. The results of the present study may provide valuable information for studying the distribution, toxicological and pharmacological mechanisms of amifostine in vivo. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of thermal injury to liver, pancreas and kidney during irreversible electroporation in an in vivo experimental model
Authors: Dunki-Jacobs E M , Philips P , Martin II R C G 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new technique for tumour cell ablation that is reported to involve non-thermal-based energy using high voltage at short microsecond pulse lengths. In vivo assessment of the thermal energy generated during IRE has not been performed. Thermal injury can be predicted using a critical temperature model. The aim of this study was to assess the potential for thermal injury during IRE in an in vivo porcine model.

Methods
In vivo continuous temperature assessments of 86 different IRE procedures were performed on porcine liver, pancreas, kidney and retroperitoneal tissue. Tissue temperature was measured continuously throughout IRE by means of two thermocouples placed at set distances (0·5 cm or less, and 1 cm) from the IRE probes within the treatment field. Thermal injury was defined as a tissue temperature of 54°C lasting at least 10 s. Tissue type, pulse length, probe exposure length, number of probes and retreatment were evaluated for associations with thermal injury. In addition, IRE ablation was performed with metal clips or metal stents within the ablation field to determine their effect on thermal injury.

Results
An increase in tissue temperature above the animals' baseline temperature (median 36·0°C) was generated during IRE in all tissues studied, with the greatest increase found at the thermocouple placed within 0·5 cm in all instances. On univariable and multivariable analysis, ablation in kidney tissue (maximum temperature 62·8°C), ablation with a pulse length setting of 100 µs (maximum 54·7°C), probe exposure of at least 3·0 cm (maximum 52·0°C) and ablation with metal within the ablation field (maximum 65·3°C) were all associated with a significant risk of thermal injury.

Conclusion
IRE can generate thermal energy, and even thermal injury, based on tissue type, probe exposure lengths, pulse lengths and proximity to metal. Awareness of probe placement regarding proximity to critical structures as well as probe exposure length and pulse length are necessary to ensure safety and prevent thermal injury. A probe exposure of 2·5 cm or less for liver IRE, and 1·5 cm or less for pancreas, with maximum pulse length of 90 µs will result in safe and non-thermal energy delivery with spacing of 1·5–2·3 cm between probe pairs.
Simultaneous determination of propofol and remifentanil in rat plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: application to preclinical pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction analysis
Authors: El Hamd Mohamed A. , Wada Mitsuhiro , Ikeda Rie , Kawakami Shigeru , Kuroda Naotaka , Nakashima Kenichiro 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPropofol (Pro) is an ultra‐short‐acting hypnotic agent used for general anesthesia that has no analgesic properties. Remifentanil (Rem) is an ultra‐short‐acting opioid administered concomitantly as an analgesic with Pro. To evaluate the pharmacokinetic interactions between Pro and Rem, we developed and validated a method combining high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of Pro and Rem. The proposed method was successfully used to study the pharmacokinetic interactions of Pro and Rem coadministered to rats. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile Synthesis of Porous Zn2Ti3O8 Nanorods for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Qu Yang , Zhou Wei , Ren Zhiyu , Wang Guofeng , Jiang Baojiang , Fu Honggang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMetastable‐phase porous Zn2Ti3O8 nanorods as photocatalysts for overall water splitting, coupled with RuO2 as co‐catalysts, were synthesized by using ethylene glycol as a phase‐stabilizing and 1 D structure‐directing agent. The typical electronic energy band gap of Zn2Ti3O8 was confirmed to be excellent for overall water splitting photocatalysts by theoretical calculations and experimental results. Steady and stoichiometric H2 and O2 evolutions were observed, which increased with time. The yields of H2 and O2 were near to 4 and 2 μmol h−1 (0.1 g), respectively. The excellent overall water‐splitting activities could be attributed to the pure metastable phase of Zn2Ti3O8 possessing a suitable band gap and the porous 1 D structure favoring acceleration of the photogenerated charge transportation and separation.
Use of Thienylenevinylene and Ethynyl Molecular Bridges in Organic Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Implications for Device Performance
Authors: Pellejà Laia , Dominguez Rocío , Aljarilla Ana , Clifford John N. , de la Cruz Pilar , Langa Fernando , Palomares Emilio 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe synthesis, full characterization, and use of a series of organic dyes with thienylenevinylene and ethynyl bridges as light‐harvesting chromophores in TiO2‐based photoelectrochemical dye‐sensitized solar cells are described. A maximum light‐to‐energy conversion efficiency of η=5.47 % under standard conditions is obtained for the organic dye denoted as FL16, which consists of an N,N‐bis(4‐hexyloxyphenyl)aniline donor moiety, an ethynylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophene π bridge, and a 2‐cyanoacrylic acid acceptor group. The device properties are investigated by charge extraction and transient photovoltage measurements.
Sign Reversal of a Large Circularly Polarized Luminescence Signal by the Twisting Motion of a Bidentate Ligand
Authors: Yuasa Junpei , Ueno Hiroshi , Kawai Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis work demonstrates sign reversal of large circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signal based on the hinge‐like twisting motion of a bidentate ligand, 3,3‐bis(diphenylphosphoryl)‐2,2‐bipyridine (BIPYPO), in a cis–trans isomerization of chiral europium(III) complexes. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that twisting motion of BIPYPO provides s‐cis and s‐trans geometries of a chiral EuIII complex containing either tris[3‐(trifluoromethylhydroxymethylene)‐(+)‐camphorate] (D‐1) or tris[3‐(heptafluoropropylhydroxymethylene)‐(+)‐camphorate] (D‐2). The s‐cis EuIII complexes show eight‐coordinate geometry around the EuIII ion, in which the chelate between the phosphoryl oxygen and the EuIII ion forces the s‐cis geometry of BIPYPO. In contrast, the phosphorus–nitrogen interaction provides a conformational lock for the s‐trans geometry of the BIPYPO ligand, inducing a quasi‐seven‐coordinate EuIII complex. The difference in coordination geometry causes the sign change of the CPL signals between the s‐cis and s‐trans isomers, whereby the s‐cis and s‐trans isomers of EuIII complexes exhibit the positive and negative CPL signals, respectively, for the 5D0→7F1 transition. The proportion of the s‐trans‐D‐1 against s‐cis‐D‐1 increases upon changing the solvent from [D3]acetonitrile to [D6]acetone, inducing a sign change of the CPL signals. The complexes D‐1 and D‐2 show a biexponential decay with two different lifetimes, suggesting two emitting species, that is, the s‐cis and s‐trans isomers of EuIII complexes. In both cases, the proportions of the longer lifetime components (τ1) decrease and instead the shorter lifetime components (τ2) increase upon changing the solvent from [D3]acetonitrile to [D6]acetone.
Construction of Two‐Dimensional MoS2/CdS p–n Nanohybrids for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhu Zhenping , Feng Xinliang 
Published: June 2014

Abstract2D MoS2 nanosheets have been utilized to fabricate 2D MoS2/CdS p–n nanohybrids through a one‐pot solvothermal process. Due to the unique p–n junction heterostructure, large specific surface area, and decreased band gap, MoS2/CdS nanohybrids manifested a superior H2‐production rate of ∼137 μmol h−1 under visible‐light irradiation and an apparent quantum yield of 10.5 % at 450 nm.
Triazole‐Assisted Ruthenium‐Catalyzed CH Arylation of Aromatic Amides
Authors: Al Mamari Hamad H. , Diers Emelyne , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSite‐selective ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed direct arylation of amides was achieved through CH cleavages with modular auxiliaries, derived from easily accessible 1,2,3‐triazoles. The triazolyldimethylmethyl (TAM) bidentate directing group was prepared in a highly modular fashion through copper(I)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition and allowed for ruthenium‐catalyzed CH arylations on arenes and heteroarenes, as well as alkenes, by using easy‐to‐handle aryl bromides as the arylating reagents. The triazole‐assisted CH activation strategy was found to be widely applicable, to occur under mild reaction conditions, and the catalytic system was tolerant of important electrophilic functionalities. Notably, the flexible triazole‐based auxiliary proved to be a more potent directing group for the optimized ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed direct arylations, compared with pyridyl‐substituted amides or substrates derived from 8‐aminoquinoline.
Supramolecularly Knitted Tethered Oligopeptide/Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Organogels
Authors: Zou Jiong , He Xun , Fan Jingwei , Raymond Jeffery E. , Wooley Karen L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA facile polymerization of an allyl‐functionalized N‐carboxyanhydride (NCA) monomer is utilized to construct an A‐B‐A‐type triblock structure containing β‐sheet‐rich oligomeric peptide segments tethered by a poly(ethylene oxide) chain, which are capable of dispersing and gelating single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) noncovalently in organic solvents, resulting in significant enhancement of the mechanical properties of polypeptide‐based organogels.
Taming the Carboxyl Group for Directed Carbometalation: Observations on the Use of Anions, Dianions and Ester Enolates
Authors: Desrat Sandy , Gray Philip J. , Penny Matthew R. , Motherwell William B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCarboxylate anions, dianions and ester enolates provide simultaneous protection and activation for directed carbometalation reactions. Advantage can be taken of the bis‐carbanionic character of the intermediate for further controlled CC bond forming reactions.
Noncanonical DNA Secondary Structures as Drug Targets: the Prospect of the i‐Motif
Authors: Amato Jussara , Iaccarino Nunzia , Randazzo Antonio , Novellino Ettore , Pagano Bruno 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUnder certain conditions, specific DNA sequences have the potential to adopt noncanonical secondary structures, such as i‐motifs. Interestingly, these DNA stretches are not randomly located throughout the genome but rather frequently clustered in regulatory regions of oncogenes and in telomeres, the terminal regions of chromosomes. Recent evidences suggest that i‐motif DNA structures exist in living cells and could be involved in a variety of biological processes, such as replication, regulation of oncogene expression, and telomere functions. Therefore, the targeting of i‐motif DNA is an emerging research area in medicinal chemistry. Bringing these noncanonical structures into focus as targets for anticancer drug design and gene regulation processes could be crucial for a better understanding of their biological functions and to open the way to new, effective strategies for cancer treatment.
Pharmacokinetics of single and repeat doses of icatibant
Authors: Leach J. Kevin , Spencer Kelly , Mascelli Maryann , McCauley Thomas G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeIcatibant is a bradykinin‐2 receptor antagonist approved to treat acute hereditary angioedema attacks in adults. To‐date, no thorough investigation of the clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of icatibant and its primary metabolites has been reported. Here we present the PK results of two phase I clinical studies of icatibant in healthy human volunteers.MethodsSingle‐ and multiple‐dose plasma pharmacokinetics of icatibant were characterized in healthy volunteers. Icatibant concentration‐time profiles and PK parameters were derived after a single 30‐ or 90‐mg dose or three 30‐mg doses given at 6‐hour intervals.ResultsMaximal plasma concentrations for the 30‐mg (979 ± 262 ng/mL) and 90‐mg doses (2,719 ± 666 ng/mL) were achieved at <1 hour postdose. The total plasma icatibant exposure for the 30‐ and 90‐mg doses was 2,191 ± 565 and 6,736 ± 1,230 h · ng/mL, respectively, with elimination half‐life values of 1.48 ± 0.35 and 2.00 ± 0.57 hours, respectively.ConclusionsSingle 30‐ and 90‐mg subcutaneous administration of icatibant exhibited dose‐proportional PK with no appreciable accumulation upon repeated 30‐mg doses administered at 6‐hour intervals.
Nitrogen‐Doped Ordered Mesoporous Carbon with a High Surface Area, Synthesized through Organic–Inorganic Coassembly, and Its Application in Supercapacitors
Authors: Song Yanfang , Li Li , Wang Yonggang , Wang Congxiao , Guo Zaipin , Xia Yongyao 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA new nitrogen‐doped ordered mesoporous carbon (N‐doped OMC) is synthesized by using an organic–inorganic coassembly method, in which resol is used as the carbon precursor, dicyandiamide as the nitrogen precursor, silicate oligomers as the inorganic precursors, and F127 as the soft template. The N‐doped OMC possesses a surface area as high as 1374 m2 g−1 and a large pore size of 7.4 nm. As an electrode material for supercapacitors, the obtained carbon exhibits excellent cycling stability and delivers a reversible specific capacitance as high as 308 F g−1 in 1 mol L−1 H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte, of which 58 % of the capacity is due to pseudo‐capacitance. The large specific capacitance is attributed to proper pore size distributions, large surface area, and high nitrogen content.
The Nature of One‐Dimensional Carbon: Polyynic versus Cumulenic
Authors: Neiss Christian , Trushin Egor , Görling Andreas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA question of both fundamental as well as practical importance is the nature of one‐dimensional carbon, in particular whether a one‐dimensional carbon allotrope is polyynic or cumulenic, that is, whether bond‐length alternation occurs or not. By combining the concept of aromaticity and antiaromaticity with the rule of Peierls distortion, the occurrence and magnitude of bond‐length alternation in carbon chains with periodic boundary conditions and corresponding carbon rings as a function of the chain or ring length can be explained. The electronic properties of one‐dimensional carbon depend crucially on the bond‐length alternation. Whereas it is generally accepted that carbon chains in the limit of infinite length have a polyynic structure at the minimum of the potential energy surface with bond‐length alternation, we show here that zero‐point vibrations lead to an effective equalization of all carbon–carbon bond lengths and thus to a cumulenic structure.
Toward Tunable Immobilized Molecular Catalysts: Functionalizing the Methylene Bridge of Bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene) Ligands
Authors: Zhong Rui , Pöthig Alexander , Haslinger Stefan , Hofmann Benjamin , Raudaschl‐Sieber Gabriele , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Kühn Fritz E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA new immobilization mode for methylene‐bridged bis(NHC) (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) ligand systems is presented, allowing fine‐tuning of the steric and electronic properties of the bidentate ligand. For example, four hydroxymethyl‐functionalized imidazolium salts (1 a–c and 2 a) and three bis(NHC) Pd complexes 3 a, 3 b, and 4 a are described. The chloro‐functionalized bis(NHC) Pd complex 4 a was obtained quantitatively by conversion of the hydroxyl substituent of complex 3 a into a chloro substituent by employing thionyl chloride. All three bis(NHC) complexes 3 a, 3 b, and 4 a were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Two different synthetic routes were applied to immobilize the bis(NHC) Pd complex 3 a on polystyrene. The obtained heterogeneous catalyst 5 b was utilized for Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions and could be recycled without significant activity loss in four runs. Furthermore, the water‐soluble homogeneous catalyst 3 a itself could be employed for Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions in water.
Visible‐Light‐Enhanced Electrocatalysis and Bioelectrocatalysis Coupled in a Miniature Glucose/Air Biofuel Cell
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Xu Zhikun , Lou Baohua , Han Lei , Zhang Xiaowei , Dong Shaojun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA glucose/air biofuel cell (BFC) that can convert both chemical and light energy into electricity is described. Polyterthiophene (pTTh), a photoresponsive conducting polymer, serves as cathode and catalyzes the reduction of oxygen. Taking advantage of the good environmental stability and exceptional optical properties of pTTh, the assembled BFC exhibits excellent stability and a fast photoresponse with an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.50 V and a maximum power output density (Pmax) of 23.65 μW cm−2 upon illumination by visible light of 10 mW cm−2, which is an enhancement of ca. 22 times as compared to Pmax in the dark. Additionally, we propose a possible mechanism for this enhancement. Fabricating a BFC in this manner provides an energy conversion model that offers high efficiency at low cost, paving an avenue for practical solar energy conversion on a large scale.
Looking to the eyes influences the processing of emotion on face‐sensitive event‐related potentials in 7‐month‐old infants
Authors: Vanderwert Ross E. , Westerlund Alissa , Montoya Lina , McCormick Sarah A. , Miguel Helga O. , Nelson Charles A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTPrevious studies in infants have shown that face‐sensitive components of the ongoing electroencephalogram (the event‐related potential, or ERP) are larger in amplitude to negative emotions (e.g., fear, anger) versus positive emotions (e.g., happy). However, it is still unclear whether the negative emotions linked with the face or the negative emotions alone contribute to these amplitude differences. We simultaneously recorded infant looking behaviors (via eye‐tracking) and face‐sensitive ERPs while 7‐month‐old infants viewed human faces or animals displaying happy, fear, or angry expressions. We observed that the amplitude of the N290 was greater (i.e., more negative) to angry animals compared to happy or fearful animals; no such differences were obtained for human faces. Eye‐tracking data highlighted the importance of the eye region in processing emotional human faces. Infants that spent more time looking to the eye region of human faces showing fearful or angry expressions had greater N290 or P400 amplitudes, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 1154–1163, 2015
Investigating the influence of two different flow routing algorithms on soil–water–vegetation interactions using the dynamic ecosystem model LPJ‐GUESS
Authors: Tang Jing , Miller Paul A. , Crill Patrick M. , Olin Stefan , Pilesjö Petter 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper compares two flow routing algorithms' influences on ecohydrological estimations in a northern peatland catchment, within the framework of an arctic‐enabled version of the dynamic ecosystem model LPJ‐GUESS. Accurate hydrological estimations are needed to fully capture vegetation dynamics and carbon fluxes in the subarctic peatland enviroment. A previously proposed distributed hydrological method based on the single flow (SF) algorithm extracted topographic indices has shown to improve runoff estimations in LPJ‐GUESS. This paper investigates model performance differences caused by two flow routing algorithms, and importantly both permafrost processes and peatland hydrology are included in the model. The newly developed triangular form‐based multiple flow (TFM) is selected due to its improved consideration of flow continuity and more realistic flow estimation over flat surfaces. A variety of measured data is included to assess both hydrological and ecological accuracy, and the results demonstrate that the choice of flow algorithm does matter for mesoscale ecohydrology applications. The allowance of flow convergence and consideration of flow partition differences from different terrain forms in the TFM algorithm yield better correspondence with the observed hydrological processes and also carbon fluxes. By directing flow to only one downslope cell together with its poorer depiction of flow over flat areas, the SF algorithm can result in too high runoff estimations for low‐flat regions and overestimate carbon uptake and release in the peatland. The results of this study also highlight the need for care when selecting flow routing algorithms for biogeochemical estimations, especially within hydrologically and climatically sensitive environments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of central immunologic concepts to cancer: Helping T cells and B cells become intolerant of tumors
Authors: Anderson Colin C. 
Published: June 2014

CD4‐mediated T‐cell help in the activation of CD8+ T cells and B cells, through linked‐recognition of antigenic determinants, is a long‐standing concept foundational to our understanding of immunity (presence of help) versus tolerance (lack of help). Surprisingly, this function of CD4+ T cells has not been extensively examined as a means to overcome immune tolerance of the self‐antigens made by tumor cells. Hesitation to employ this powerful mechanism may be due to the potential to cause unwanted autoimmune pathology. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Snook et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2014. 44: 1956–1966] identify a state of split tolerance, showing that CD4+ T cells specific for a number of tumor‐associated self‐antigens are robustly tolerant, while their CD8+ T‐cell and B‐cell counterparts are far less tolerant. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate that provision of linked foreign helper epitopes, such as influenza hemagglutinin, substantially enhances both CD8+ T‐cell and B‐cell responses to tumor self‐antigens without causing any overt autoimmune pathology. These findings provide a strong rationale to employ foreign helper epitopes in cancer vaccines and highlight the need to fully explore therapeutic strategies that are based on well‐established immunologic concepts.