bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inducible displacements of the cup and the femoral head during active range of motion: Dynamic RSA studies of cemented total hip replacements
Authors: Digas Georgios , Johansson Per‐Erik , Kärrholm Johan 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWe evaluated changes in position of the femoral head relative to the cup and of the cup relative to the pelvis in total hip replacement patients during hip motion 2 years postoperatively. Two patient groups with nine patients in each group were studied. Hip motions, translations of the femoral head center, and cup displacements were recorded with dynamic radiostereometric examination (RSA, 2 exposures/s) during abduction in Group 1 and with use of static RSA exposures at increasing flexion of the hip in Group 2. Conventional radiographic examinations were used to evaluate any radiolucent lines around the cups at 2 years. During active abduction the femoral head center moved medially (median 0.04 mm) and the cup tilted anteriorly (median 0.09 mm). Increments in radiolucent lines at 2 years correlated to medial femoral head penetration, posterior tilt, and retroversion of the cup at 20° of abduction. The extension of radiolucent lines at 2 years showed a positive correlation with proximal inducible displacement of the cup and posterior translation of the femoral head center at maximum hip flexion. Our observations may be of value in understanding the pathogenesis of the loosening process and may be used to facilitate the development of prosthetic designs that optimize hip kinematics. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1686–1693, 2013
Quantitative measures of damage to subchondral bone are associated with functional outcome following treatment of displaced acetabular fractures
Authors: Lubovsky Omri , Kreder Michael , Wright David A. , Kiss Alex , Gallant Aimee , Kreder Hans J. , Whyne Cari M. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTCurrent analysis of displaced acetabular fractures is limited in its ability to predict functional outcome. This study aimed to (1) quantify initial acetabular damage following acetabular fracture through measurement of subchondral bone density and fracture lines, and (2) evaluate associations between acetabular damage and functional outcomes following fracture. Subchondral bone intensity maps were created for 24 patients with unilateral acetabular fractures. Measures of crack length and density differences between corresponding regions in the fractured acetabuli, normalized by the unfractured side, were generated from preoperative CT images. Damage measures were compared to quality of life survey data collected for each patient at least 2 years post‐injury (Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment [MFA] and Short Form‐36 [SF‐36], with specific focus on parameters that best describe patients' physical health). CT image quantification of initial damage to acetabular subchondral bone was associated with functional outcome post‐injury. In general, damage as quantified through differences in density in the superior dome region (zones 8 and 12) and the central anterior region of the acetabulum (zone 3) were found to be the strongest significant predictors of functional outcome (adjusted R2 = 0.3–0.45, p < 0.05). Damage to the superior dome was predictive of worse functional outcome whereas damage to the central anterior region indicated a better functional outcome. Once automated, this approach may form a basis to score acetabular fractures toward improving clinical prognoses. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1980–1985, 2013
Biochemical perspectives of xylitol extracted from indigenous agricultural by‐product mung bean (vigna radiata) hulls in a rat model
Authors: Mushtaq Zarina , Imran Muhammad , Salim‐ur‐Rehman  , Zahoor Tahir , Ahmad Rabia Shabir , Arshad Muhammad Umair 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe production of xylitol from lignocellulosic material is of great interest around the world. It can be used as bulk sweetener and its possible lower energy value has increased acceptance for discerning consumers. Xylitol was produced from indigenous agricultural by‐product (mung bean hulls) through Candida tropicalis fermentation. Further, xylitol incorporation at different concentrations (0, 100 and 200 g kg−1) was carried out with the purpose of appraising the suitability and claimed health benefits of this dietetic ingredient in food products. Asserted biochemical perspectives of the xylitol intake were evaluated through biological studies for normal and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats.RESULTSThe addition of xylitol significantly affected feed intake, weight gain, liver and cecum weight in both normal and diabetic rats. The biochemical profile of serum was improved with xylitol incorporation in the diet. Serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels were decreased depending on xylitol intake level.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study demonstrated that mung bean hulls have high potential as a new feedstock for xylitol production. In addressing the current concerns of obesity and diabetes, xylitol extracted from such agricultural waste should be considered in diet‐based therapies for weight loss programmes. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Current issues in dietary acrylamide: formation, mitigation and risk assessment
Authors: Pedreschi Franco , Mariotti María Salomé , Granby Kit 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAcrylamide (AA) is known as a neurotoxin in humans and it is classified as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency of Research on Cancer. AA is produced as by‐product of the Maillard reaction in starchy foods processed at high temperatures (>120 °C). This review includes the investigation of AA precursors, mechanisms of AA formation and AA mitigation technologies in potato, cereal and coffee products. Additionally, most relevant issues of AA risk assessment are discussed. New technologies tested from laboratory to industrial scale face, as a major challenge, the reduction of AA content of browned food, while still maintaining its attractive organoleptic properties. Reducing sugars such as glucose and fructose are the major contributors to AA in potato‐based products. On the other hand, the limiting substrate of AA formation in cereals and coffee is the free amino acid asparagine. For some products the addition of glycine or asparaginase reduces AA formation during baking. Since, for potatoes, the limiting substrate is reducing sugars, increases in sugar content in potatoes during storage then introduce some difficulties and potentially quite large variations in the AA content of the final product. Sugars in potatoes may be reduced by blanching. Levels of AA in different foods show large variations and no general upper limit is easily applicable, since some formation will always occur. Current policy is that practical measures should be taken voluntarily to reduce AA formation in vulnerable foods since AA is considered a health risk at the concentrations found in foods. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of fire and salvage logging on site occupancy of spotted owls in the San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountains of Southern California
Authors: Lee Derek E. , Bond Monica L. , Borchert Mark I. , Tanner Richard 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTFire over the past decade has affected forests in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California, providing an excellent opportunity to examine how this disturbance, and subsequent post‐fire salvage logging, influenced California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) breeding‐season site occupancy dynamics there and in the nearby San Jacinto Mountains. Using occupancy survey data from 2003 to 2011 for all‐detections and pairs‐only data, we estimated annual extinction and colonization probabilities at 71 burned and 97 unburned breeding‐season sites before and after fire, while controlling for confounding effects of non‐fire‐related temporal variation and among‐site differences in habitat characteristics. We found no statistically significant effects of fire or salvage logging on occupancy dynamics of spotted owls of southern California. However, we found some evidence that fire and logging effects could be biologically meaningful. For pairs data, the model‐averaged mean of fire‐related effects on colonization and extinction probabilities resulted in a 0.062 lesser site‐occupancy probability in burned sites 1‐year post‐fire relative to unburned sites. Post‐fire salvage logging reduced occupancy an additional 0.046 relative to sites that only burned. We documented a threshold‐type relationship between extinction and colonization probabilities and the amount of forested habitat (conifer or hardwood tree cover types) that burned at high severity within a 203‐ha core area around spotted owl nests and roost centroids. Sites where approximately 0–50 ha of forested habitat within the core area burned at high severity had extinction probabilities similar to unburned sites, but where more than approximately 50 ha of forested habitat burned severely, extinction probability increased approximately 0.003 for every additional hectare severely burned. The majority (75%) of sites burned below this threshold. Sites where high‐severity fire affected >50 ha of forested habitat could still support spotted owls, so all burned sites should be monitored for occupancy before management actions such as salvage logging are undertaken that could be detrimental to the subspecies. We also recommend that managers strive to reduce human‐caused ignitions along the wildland–urban interface, particularly at lower elevations where owl sites are at higher risk of extinction from fire. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
The effects of a large‐scale wind farm on breeding season survival of female mallards and blue‐winged teal in the Prairie Pothole Region
Authors: Gue C. Tanner , Walker Johann A. , Mehl Katherine R. , Gleason Jeffrey S. , Stephens Scott E. , Loesch Charles R. , Reynolds Ronald E. , Goodwin Brett J. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe wetlands and grasslands of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) make it the most productive breeding habitat for North American ducks. The growth rate of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) populations is sensitive to changes in survival of adult females during the breeding season. Much of the PPR is suitable for large‐scale wind‐energy development and collisions of breeding females with wind turbines may be a novel source of mortality in this area. We assessed the effects of wind energy on breeding female mallard and blue‐winged teal (A. discors) survival by monitoring 77 radio‐marked mallards and 88 blue‐winged teal during the 2009 and 2010 breeding seasons at the Tatanka Wind Farm (TWF) near Kulm, North Dakota. During the same period, we monitored 70 female mallards and 75 blue‐winged teal at an adjacent reference site without wind turbines (REF). We used an information‐theoretic approach to investigate relationships between female survival and site (TWF vs. REF), year (2009 vs. 2010), and date. Collision mortalities were rare. Only 1 radio‐marked female mallard and no blue‐winged teal collided with wind turbines. Most mortalities were caused by predators (78.3%; 36/46), irrespective of species and site. For mallards, the best‐approximating model indicated that breeding season survival was 1) lowest when a high proportion of radio‐marked females were incubating, and 2) dependent on year and site such that expected survival () in 2009 was higher at TWF ( = 0.90, 85% CI = 0.79–0.98) than at REF ( = 0.83, 85% CI = 0.68–0.95), but expected survival in 2010 was lower at TWF ( = 0.62, 85% CI = 0.46–0.79) than at REF ( = 0.84, 85% CI = 0.72–0.94). For blue‐winged teal, the constant model was the best‐approximating model and indicated that expected female survival was 0.75 (85% CI = 0.69–0.82). The most competitive model for blue‐winged teal that included the effect of wind turbines indicated that expected survival at TWF ( = 0.71, 85% CI = 0.62–0.79) was lower than survival at REF ( = 0.81, 85% CI = 0.73–0.89). The limited number of collisions observed for female mallards and blue‐winged teal nesting at TWF suggests that wind turbines had no direct effect on female survival. Thus, conservation strategies that include protection of wetland and grassland habitat in wind‐developed landscapes will most likely not cause a direct reduction in survival of breeding females due to collisions with wind turbines. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Use of capture–recapture models with mark‐resight data to estimate abundance of Aleutian cackling geese
Authors: Sanders Todd A. , Trost Robert E. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe Aleutian cackling goose (Branta hutchinsii leucopareia) was listed as endangered in 1967, downgraded to threatened in 1990, and removed from protection under the endangered species act in 2001. Accurate determination of population status continues to be a priority for management agencies because of the population's past listing as endangered, the species status as a game bird, and because population expansion has resulted in increased crop damage complaints. We compared estimates of marked Aleutian goose abundance from available mark‐resight data during 1996–2012 using capture–recapture Jolly–Seber (POPAN formulation) and robust design (closed capture) models. We derived an estimate of Aleutian goose abundance by expanding an estimate of marked‐bird abundance by the ratio of total to marked geese. Robust design models provided strong evidence of even‐flow and Markovian temporary emigration from observable to unobservable states between annual sampling periods, and POPAN estimates were biased as a result of this movement. The observable population increased in abundance from 790 in 1975 to 134,703 (SE = 10,866, 95% CI = 113,405–156,002) geese in 2012. However, total (observable and unobservable) population size was 216,564 geese based on an estimated probability (0.622) of being available for observation. Annual survival probability was 0.80 (SE = 0.05). Current data collection allows estimation of annual observable abundance with a coefficient of variation of ≤8%. Robust design offers a means of estimating abundance of partially marked wildlife populations in the presence or absence of temporary emigration, which can result from partial study area access and is likely a common situation for many populations. Mark‐resight is a cost‐effective approach (compared to capture–recapture studies and aerial surveys) that can be applied to successfully estimate demographic parameters of other populations. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Coupling climate risks, eco‐systems, and anthropogenic decisions using South American and Sub‐Saharan farming activities
Authors: Seo S. Niggol 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper provides an analysis of the interplays between climate risks, eco‐systems and adaptation decisions using South American and Sub‐Saharan African farm surveys. Climate risk indicators such as seasonal Coefficient of Variation in Precipitation (CVP) and Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR) are matched with major eco‐systems. Adoption decisions of the six natural resource enterprises are modelled using a spatial Logit model. First, this paper finds that climate risks are higher in the grasslands and meadow eco‐systems in South America as they are high in the lowland arid zones in Africa. However, climate risks across the continent are, compared with Sub‐Saharan Africa, much lower in South America. Second, a higher temperature implies a higher climate risk in Africa, which is not the case in South America owing to the predominant influences of regional weather events such as the ENSO. Third, while the CVP is a dominant risk factor in Africa, the DTR is a dominant risk factor in South America due to the vast ranges of the Andes Mountain. Winter DTR is predicted to fall by 3 °C under both the UKMO and the GISS scenarios by the middle of this century. Altered climate risks will push a large number of farmers to switch away from a crops‐only enterprise due to a large decrease in daily temperature variability. Farmers adapt by increasing a crops‐livestock enterprise in the grasslands with wood cover and subtropical drought‐deciduous forests. This paper provides a coupled analysis of global (climate), local (eco‐systems) and individual (adaptation) processes.
Selenium alters miRNA profile in an intestinal cell line: Evidence that miR‐185 regulates expression of GPX2 and SEPSH2
Authors: Maciel‐Dominguez Anabel , Swan Daniel , Ford Dianne , Hesketh John 
Published: August 2013

ScopeIntake of the essential micronutrient selenium (Se) has health implications. This work addressed whether some effects of Se on gene expression are exerted through microRNAs (miRNA).Methods and resultsHuman colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco‐2) were grown in Se‐deficient or Se‐adequate medium for 72 h. RNA was extracted and subjected to analysis of 737 miRNA using microarray technology. One hundred and forty‐five miRNA were found to be expressed in Caco‐2 cells. Twelve miRNA showed altered expression after Se depletion: miR‐625, miR‐492, miR‐373*, miR‐22, miR‐532–5p, miR‐106b, miR‐30b, miR‐185, miR‐203, miR1308, miR‐28–5p, miR‐10b. These changes were validated by quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR). Transcriptomic analysis showed that Se depletion altered expression of 50 genes including selenoproteins GPX1, SELW, GPX3, SEPN1, SELK, SEPSH2 and GPX4. Pathway analysis identified arachidonic acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, oxidative stress, positive acute phase response proteins and respiration of mitochondria as Se‐sensitive pathways. Bioinformatic analysis identified 13 transcripts as targets for the Se‐sensitive miRNA; three were predicted to be recognised by miR‐185. Silencing of miR‐185 increased GPX2 and SEPSH2 expression.ConclusionsWe propose that miR‐185 plays a role in up‐regulation of GPX2 and SEPHS2 expression. In the case of SEPHS2 this may contribute to maintaining selenoprotein synthesis. The data indicate that micronutrient supply can regulate the cell miRNA expression profile.
Polymorphisms in the SCD1 gene are associated with indices of stearoyl CoA desaturase activity and obesity: A prospective study
Authors: Martín‐Núñez Gracia María , Cabrera‐Mulero Rebeca , Rojo‐Martínez Gemma , Gómez‐Zumaquero Juan Miguel , Chaves Felipe Javier , de Marco Griselda , Soriguer Federico , Castaño Luis , Morcillo Sonsoles 
Published: August 2013

ScopeThe serum fatty acid (FA) composition is influenced by dietary fat and the endogenous production of FAs. Stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the rate‐limiting enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of MUFAs from saturated FAs. Variations in SCD1 activity have been associated with obesity, diabetes, or inflammation. We evaluated the associations between genetic variation of the SCD1 gene, SCD1 activity, intake of oil, and obesity in a population‐based prospective study in southern Spain.Methods and resultsWe collected phenotypic, metabolic, nutritional, and genetic information. The type of dietary fat was assessed from samples of cooking oil taken from the participants’ kitchens and analyzed by GC. A total of nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the SCD1 gene were analyzed by SNPlex technology. We found a significant association between SCD1 genetic variation and enzyme activity in four of nine polymorphisms studied. An interaction between rs10883463 and olive oil intake on the [18:1/18:0] desaturase index was found (p = 0.009). We also showed that genetic variations in the SCD1 gene were associated with obesity.ConclusionOur results show a relationship between genetic variation of the SCD1 gene, enzyme activity, and the risk of obesity, an association that is not independent of the type of oil consumed.
Active macro‐zone approach for incremental elastoplastic‐contact analysis
Authors: Cucco F. , Terravecchia S. , Zito L. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThe symmetric boundary element method, based on the Galerkin hypotheses, has found an application in the nonlinear analysis of plasticity and in contact‐detachment problems, but both dealt with separately. In this paper, we want to treat these complex phenomena together as a linear complementarity problem.A mixed variable multidomain approach is utilized in which the substructures are distinguished into macroelements, where elastic behavior is assumed, and bem‐elements, where it is possible that plastic strains may occur. Elasticity equations are written for all the substructures, and regularity conditions in weighted (weak) form on the boundary sides and in the nodes (strong) between contiguous substructures have to be introduced, in order to attain the solving equation system governing the elastoplastic‐contact/detachment problem. The elastoplasticity is solved by incremental analysis, called for active macro‐zones, and uses the well‐known concept of self‐equilibrium stress field here shown in a discrete form through the introduction of the influence matrix (self‐stress matrix). The solution of the frictionless contact/detachment problem was performed using a strategy based on the consistent formulation of the classical Signorini equations rewritten in discrete form by utilizing boundary nodal quantities as check elements in the zones of potential contact or detachment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occupation‐Based Family‐Centered Therapy Approach for Young Children with Feeding Problems in South Korea; A Case Study
Authors: An Sun‐Joung L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDocumenting the effectiveness of an occupation‐based family‐centered therapy approach, when providing therapy for a young child with feeding problems, is needed in a culture such as Korea, which has a strong medical model of service. A case study was conducted involving a 16‐month‐old boy with feeding problems. An occupation‐based family‐centered therapy approach was carried out for 10 weeks. The results indicated that this approach addressed the physical components of the child's feeding problems and also the parent‐child bonding, which together improved the overall family dynamics. Although these results may stimulate clinicians to consider an alternative approach to a medical model, further research with a larger sample is needed to provide sufficient evidence for therapists to shift to a new service delivery model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.