bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of

drifts and parallel currents to divertor asymmetries
Authors: Rozhansky V. , Molchanov P. , Veselova I. , Voskoboynikov S. , Kirk A. , Coster D. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A systematical study of

drift and parallel current effects is reported based on the analysis of the simulations by the B2SOLPS5.2 transport code. It is demonstrated that divertor asymmetry is caused or amplified by the poloidal

drift and parallel thermal current.
Anomalous diffusion of energetic particles: connecting experiment and simulations
Authors: Pueschel M.J. , Jenko F. , Schneller M. , Hauff T. , Günter S. , Tardini G. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Recent experimental and theoretical studies highlight the need to predict the turbulence-induced radial diffusion of energetic particles quantitatively in present-day and future fusion devices. Gyrokinetic simulations with passive fast ion species in realistic tokamak equilibria are used to investigate the influence of the particle energy on diffusion due to electrostatic and electromagnetic turbulence. To facilitate more straightforward comparisons between theory and experiments, scaling relations are derived that allow for writing the relevant diffusivities as functions of experimentally readily accessible quantities. In this context, an improved method for estimating the magnetic fluctuation level is described.
An RNA Mapping DataBase for curating RNA structure mapping experiments
Authors: Cordero Pablo , Lucks Julius B. , Das Rhiju 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Summary: We have established an RNA mapping database (RMDB) to enable structural, thermodynamic and kinetic comparisons across single-nucleotide-resolution RNA structure mapping experiments. The volume of structure mapping data has greatly increased since the development of high-throughput sequencing techniques, accelerated software pipelines and large-scale mutagenesis. For scientists wishing to infer relationships between RNA sequence/structure and these mapping data, there is a need for a database that is curated, tagged with error estimates and interfaced with tools for sharing, visualization, search and meta-analysis. Through its on-line front-end, the RMDB allows users to explore single-nucleotide-resolution mapping data in heat-map, bar-graph and colored secondary structure graphics; to leverage these data to generate secondary structure hypotheses; and to download the data in standardized and computer-friendly files, including the RDAT and community-consensus SNRNASM formats. At the time of writing, the database houses 53 entries, describing more than 2848 experiments of 1098 RNA constructs in several solution conditions and is growing rapidly.
Availability: Freely available on the web at http://rmdb.stanford.edu
Contact: rhiju@stanford.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Online.
Maize Source Leaf Adaptation to Nitrogen Deficiency Affects Not Only Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolism But Also Control of Phosphate Homeostasis
Authors: Schlüter Urte , Mascher Martin , Colmsee Christian , Scholz Uwe , Bräutigam Andrea , Fahnenstich Holger , Sonnewald Uwe 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Crop plant development is strongly dependent on the availability of nitrogen (N) in the soil and the efficiency of N utilization for biomass production and yield. However, knowledge about molecular responses to N deprivation derives mainly from the study of model species. In this article, the metabolic adaptation of source leaves to low N was analyzed in maize (Zea mays) seedlings by parallel measurements of transcriptome and metabolome profiling. Inbred lines A188 and B73 were cultivated under sufficient (15 mm) or limiting (0.15 mm) nitrate supply for up to 30 d. Limited availability of N caused strong shifts in the metabolite profile of leaves. The transcriptome was less affected by the N stress but showed strong genotype- and age-dependent patterns. N starvation initiated the selective down-regulation of processes involved in nitrate reduction and amino acid assimilation; ammonium assimilation-related transcripts, on the other hand, were not influenced. Carbon assimilation-related transcripts were characterized by high transcriptional coordination and general down-regulation under low-N conditions. N deprivation caused a slight accumulation of starch but also directed increased amounts of carbohydrates into the cell wall and secondary metabolites. The decrease in N availability also resulted in accumulation of phosphate and strong down-regulation of genes usually involved in phosphate starvation response, underlining the great importance of phosphate homeostasis control under stress conditions.
An analysis of barter in the broadcasting industry
Authors: Marvasti Akbar 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address differences in bartering between markets and firms, as this mode of transaction has become a norm in the broadcasting industry in the sale of advertising air time and the purchase of programs.Design/methodology/approachPanel data from television stations in the USA is used to investigate the impact of a group of market‐specific and firm‐specific factors on the level of barter advertisement.FindingsThe results from the random effects regressions show that general economic conditions in the national market, such as unemployment and inflation, profitability of the station, and events such as the Olympics and election cycles affect the level of barter among television stations.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to filling a significant void in the empirical microeconomic analysis of barter transaction by providing an example from the broadcasting industry.
Educational segregation and the gender wage gap in Greece
Authors: Livanos Ilias , Pouliakas Konstantinos 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which differences in the subject of degree studied by male and female university graduates contributes to the gender pay gap in Greece, an EU country with historically large gender discrepancies in earnings and occupational segregation. In addition, the paper explores the reasons underlying the distinct educational choices of men and women, with particular emphasis on the role of wage uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachUsing micro‐data from the Greek Labour Force Survey (LFS), Oaxaca‐Blinder decompositions are employed to detect the extent to which gender differences in the type of degree studied can explain the male‐female pay gap. “Risk‐augmented earnings functions” are also used to examine the differential wage premiums offered to men and women in Greece in response to the uncertainty associated with different fields of study.FindingsIt is found that the subjects in which women are relatively over‐represented (e.g. Education, Humanities) are also those with the lowest wage returns. Gender differences in the type of degree studied can therefore explain an additional 8.4 per cent of the male‐female pay gap in Greece. A potential reason for distinct gender educational choices is that women opt for less uncertain educations that consequently command lower wage premiums in the job market.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that the promotion of gender equality in Greece should pay closer attention to removing informal barriers to entry for women in educational fields traditionally chosen by men (e.g. more effective careers advice, work‐experience placements, matching of young girls with professional “mentors”).Originality/valueThe paper is the first to investigate the contribution of individual's field of study to the gender wage gap in Greece. In addition, it includes the first‐ever estimations of “risk‐augmented earnings equations” for that country.
“Tikkun Olam”: how a Jewish ethos drives innovation
Authors: Kahane Bernard 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue that the Jewish religious concept “Tikkun Olam” is a source of practical management wisdom. “Tikkun Olam” combines with the diaspora and the state of Israel's specific political and economic contexts to provide Jewish people with an important driver and legitimization tool to change the world for the better. Since science and technology innovation has become a powerful tool to impact on today's world, “Tikkun Olam” builds on this profane channel for its present expression and supports the involvement of Jewish people in this matter.Design/methodology/approachTo substantiate this view, the author analyzes the historical trajectories of the state of Israel and the Jewish diaspora. Some evidence is provided to highlight their specific dynamics and assets for knowledge creation, accumulation and transfer. Drawing on the academic literature, the author discusses what could be Jewish specificities on that matter compared with other nations and diasporas.FindingsThis work shows how a religious ethos can permeate profane life with great efficiency and act as practical management wisdom. While Weber and Sombart point to religious ethoses to explain the emergence of capitalism, the author highlights how “Tikkun Olam” provides Jewish people with an incentive to not accept the world as it is and to engage in its transformation. Sympathetic to a Schumpeter creative destruction attitude, Jewish people are able to leverage their context and their critical knowledge training in a science and technology innovation‐based entrepreneurial drive.Originality/valueThe paper establishes a link between a religious concept and science and technology innovation. Besides discussing existing works on diaspora‐specific contexts and their role in entrepreneurship and innovation, it explains how and why a set of specific values helps a diaspora leverage science and technology potential. In an era of globalized knowledge and increasing population mobility, it reminds policy makers, religious authorities and designers of management curricula that contexts and values are both sides of a transformative coin that links potential to reality. It may help them put educational emphasis on the responsibility to consider the world not only as it is, but also as it should be.
Work‐family conflict and individual consequences
Authors: Zhang Mian , Griffeth Rodger W. , Fried David D. 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between two forms of work‐family conflict – work‐family conflict and family‐work conflict – and individual consequences for Chinese managers.Design/methodology/approachParticipants of this study were 264 managers from Mainland China. The authors tested their hypotheses with structural equation modeling.FindingsWork‐family conflict was positively associated with emotional exhaustion. Family‐work conflict was negatively associated with life satisfaction and affective commitment, as well as positively related to turnover intentions. Contrary to the research with samples of workers from Western countries (e.g. the USA), the study found that work‐family conflict was positively associated with affective commitment and did not associate with turnover intentions for Chinese managers.Originality/valueUsing the perspective of the Chinese prioritizing work for family benefits, the authors are the first to provide a preliminary test of the generalizability of the source attribution and the cross‐domain models to Chinese managers. The paper's findings provide the preliminary evidence that the cross‐domain model works among the Chinese because of its cultural neutrality whereas the source attribution model cannot be used to predict the associations between work‐family conflict and work‐related consequences.
Work‐to‐family spillover effects of abusive supervision
Authors: Wu Long‐Zeng , Kwong Kwan Ho , Liu Jun , Resick Christian J. 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe current study seeks to examine the link between abusive supervision and subordinate family undermining by focusing on the mediating role of work‐to‐family conflict and the moderating role of boundary strength at home.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a three‐wave survey research design. Participants included 209 employees from a manufacturing company in China. Hierarchical regression analyses and a bootstrapping algorithm were used to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe results indicate that abusive supervision is positively related to family undermining, and this relationship is mediated by work‐to‐family conflict. Moreover, boundary strength at home attenuates the direct relationship of abusive supervision with work‐to‐family conflict and its indirect relationship with family undermining.Research limitations/implicationsThis research contributes to the integration of the work‐family interface model and the abusive supervision literature by providing evidence of a link between abusive supervision in the workplace and conflict in the home. This study also indicates that abusive supervision is a problem of both organizational and societal importance in China. However, data are correlational in nature, which limits the ability to draw causal inferences.Practical implicationsFindings provide evidence that abusive supervision is a source of work‐to‐family conflict and undermining behavior in the home. Training employees to create boundaries between work and family domains may minimize the negative spillover effects of work on the family.Originality/valueThis study provides a relatively comprehensive model regarding the relationships between abusive supervision and work‐family consequences, and a promising new direction for both the leadership and work‐family literatures.
Performance appraisal process and organizational citizenship behavior
Authors: Zheng Wei , Zhang Mian , Li Hai 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine how performance appraisal process is associated with organizational citizenship behavior, under the light of social exchange theory and impression management theory, using affective commitment as a mediator and rating‐reward linkage as a moderator.Design/methodology/approachUsing a multi‐source sample (n=777), the authors examined the mediating role of affective commitment with structural equation modeling and Sobel tests, and the moderating role of rating‐reward linkage with ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models.FindingsThe relationship between performance appraisal process and organizational citizenship behavior was partially mediated by affective commitment, and perceived rating‐reward linkage strengthened the direct association between appraisal process and organizational citizenship behavior whereas it weakened the relationship between appraisal process and affective commitment.Originality/valueThe study adds to knowledge of how performance appraisal process relates to organizational citizenship behavior – through affective commitment. Further, the moderating role of rating‐reward linkage deepens understanding of the underlying motives of organizational citizenship behavior. The findings strengthen the valence of using social exchange theory to explain how performance appraisal process is associated with organizational citizenship behavior and suggest the value of incorporating impression management to supplement social exchange theory.
Expatriate‐local interactions: an investigation in China
Authors: Varma Arup , Pichler Shaun , Budhwar Pawan , Kupferer Shannon 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThis study aims to build on recent research, by investigating and examining how likely it is that Chinese locals (i.e. host country nationals (HCNs)) would offer support to expatriates from India and the USA.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered from 222 participants in Chinese organizations, asking them to respond to questions about their willingness to offer support to expatriates.FindingsAs predicted, perceived values similarity was significantly related to higher dogmatism, which had a significant positive relationship with ethnocentrism. Further, ethnocentrism had a significant negative relationship with willingness to offer support.Research limitations/implicationsAll data were collected from the participants at one point in time, so the study's results are subject to common method bias. Also, it only included India and the USA, as the two countries of origin of the expatriates.Practical implicationsGiven HCNs do not automatically offer support to all expatriates, organizations might consider sending expatriates who are culturally similar to HCNs, as they are more likely to receive support, which will help their adjustment and thus organizational effectiveness.Originality/valueThis study adds to the small, but growing, number of empirical investigations of HCN willingness to support expatriates.
Enhancing theory and research: employee behavior in China – part 2
Authors: Isenhour Linda C. , Stone Diana L. , Lien Donald 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of advancing theory and research in China through identification of unique aspects of Chinese organizational behaviors, which can lead to expanded, robust organizational behavior and human resource management models and theories that transcend national boundaries.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper and does not employ research methods.FindingsThe results of studies included in this special issue suggest that researchers can identify elements unique to China in constructs such as psychological capital, work‐to‐family spillover, work‐family conflict, performance appraisal process, and expatriate interactions that further expand theory and research in organizational behavior.Practical implicationsThe review of articles in the special issue suggests that managers in organizations in China may want to: develop individuals' psychological capital; train managers on the importance of eliminating abusive behaviors and developing employees' heartiness; adopt family friendly practices; employ performance appraisal process to encourage commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors; and train local country nationals on working with expatriates to enhance organizational effectiveness.Originality/valueThis review provides a unique perspective on employee behavior because it considers such behavior in a Chinese context.
The work and its meaning among Jews and Muslims according to religiosity degree
Authors: Sharabi Moshe 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine and compare the meaning of work (MOW) according to religiosity among Jews and Muslims in Israel. The paper attempts to explain the similarities and the differences between the two ethno‐religious groups.Design/methodology/approachIn 2006 the MOW questionnaire was conducted on 1,464 working respondents and the final sample included 898 Jews and 215 Muslims, representing the labor force. The MOW dimensions were: work centrality, intrinsic orientation, economic orientation and interpersonal relations.FindingsWhile among Jews, religiosity degree affected all four dimensions of the MOW, there were no differences among Muslims with a different religiosity degree concerning all MOW dimensions, except for the economic orientation. Furthermore, among Muslims when religiosity is controlled, the other demographic variables do not influence the MOW domination.Practical implicationsThis additional knowledge of the relationship between religion, religiosity and the MOW, can help to better understand the employee's needs and how to fulfil them (e.g. implementing “Diversity Management” programs). This suitability will eventually lead to more desirable work outcomes.Social implicationsGovernmental policy can lead to higher participation of orthodox Jews in the labor market. Moreover, the extra‐high work centrality among Arab Muslims reflects a high non‐actualized potential for organizations and for the Israeli economy in general.Originality/valueThere are no studies that compared work values of Jews and Muslims according to religiosity, in and out of Israel, and this paper explores the MOW of the ethno‐religious groups in Israel and the causes for the different patterns.
Exports trade, employment and poverty reduction in Nigeria
Authors: Adetunji Babatunde M. , Oyeranti Olugboyega A. , Bankole Abiodun S. , Olawale Ogunkola E. 
Published: September 2012

PurposePoverty reduction remains one of the main goals of development efforts, as evidenced by the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals by most developing countries and international agencies. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between trade (exports) and employment and how the relationship reduces poverty through the instrumentality of employment, with a focus on Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the form of descriptive analysis.FindingsEvaluating the case for Nigeria, the authors find that oil exports which drives economic growth do not provide the needed employment to reduce poverty, while agricultural trade, particularly exports, are capable of reducing poverty and inequality in Nigeria through the channel of employment and agricultural productivity growth.Originality/valueThe paper makes a link between export trade, employment and poverty reduction in Nigeria.
Social value orientation and regulatory compliance in Ugandan public procurement
Authors: Mpeera Ntayi Joseph , Ngoboka Pascal , Mutebi Henry , Sitenda Gidah 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the perceptions and effects of social value orientation, expected utility, fairness in procurement procedures, the legitimacy of the procurement law and the procurement law enforcement authority on compliance with the procurement law, guidelines, procedures and regulations. Empirical research in this area is relatively sparse.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from a sample of 110 Procurement and Disposing Entities (PDEs) and analysed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsResults of the fit indices between the model and the observed data were generally good for both CFA and SEM. Results reveal that social value orientation, expected utility, legitimacy of the procurement law enforcement agency and perceptions of procedural justice were significant predictors of the Public Procurement and Disposal of Assets Authority (PPDA) regulatory agency.Research limitations/implicationsThis study however has several limitations which limit the interpretation of results. First, the data are cross sectional, thus limiting monitoring changes in behaviour over time. Second, all item scales adapted in this study were not specifically developed for a public procurement regulatory environment. This means that there is need to develop specific item scales for public procurement regulatory environments.Practical implicationsThe paper shows that the PPDA regulatory framework should revise its compliance instrument to consider social value orientation.Originality/valueThis paper uses constructs of social value orientation, which are largely ignored in legislated professions to predict compliance.