bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controversies in the management of feline urethral obstruction
Authors: Cooper Edward S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo discuss areas of differing opinion in the management of feline urethral obstruction and present current evidence to either support or refute common practices.EtiologyUrethral obstruction may occur as a result from a functional obstruction (idiopathic obstruction) or a physical obstruction, such as mucous plugs or calculi within the urethra. Potential risk factors for obstruction in cats include predominantly indoor status, decreased water intake, and increased body weight.DiagnosisThe diagnosis is most commonly made based on history and initial physical exam—straining to urinate, vocalizing, signs of systemic illness, moderate to large firm bladder on abdominal palpation.TherapyTreatment is based on available evidence. The type of IV isotonic crystalloid used does not seem to matter and rate should be determined by need for fluid resuscitation, and replacement of deficit and ongoing losses. Though controversial, cystocentesis appears to be safe and may offer some benefits in initial management. There is evidence to suggest a smaller urethral catheter (3.5 Fr) may be associated with decreased risk of reobstruction. Routine use of antimicrobial agents in hospital is not recommended; they should be dispensed based on culture performed at the time of catheter removal. Though commonly used, evidence in support of antispasmodics is limited and further prospective investigation is needed.PrognosisFeline urethral obstruction is associated with 90–95% survival, with reported recurrence rates of 15–40%. Potential factors affecting recurrence include size or duration of indwelling urinary catheter, use of antispasmodic agents, patient age, and indoor‐outdoor lifestyle; however, different studies offer conflicting results. Increased water intake and environmental modification do seem to decrease risk of recurrence.
Effects of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Injector Position on Intake Manifold towards Diesel-CNG Dual Fuel (DDF) Engine Performance
Authors: Supee A. , Mohsin R. , Majid Z. A. , Raiz M. I. 
Published: January 2015

In Diesel-CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) Dual Fuel (DDF) system, CNG is generally inducted in the intake manifold by CNG injector which is mounted on the intake manifold whereas diesel fuel is directly injected into engine cylinder using existing diesel fuel injector system. Status quo of optimum CNG injector position on intake manifold will provide better gaseous fuel mixing quality, produce high turbulence kinetic energy and thus improve the performance of the diesel engine under DDF system. Thus, under full load condition at 2750 rpm, the engine performance and exhaust gas emissions tests such as nitric oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) were conducted on a diesel engine under DDF system for optimization of CNG injector position. Four CNG injector position on intake manifold were selected and optimum position of CNG injector was found to be at "position 2" which results in higher power output and less exhaust gas emissions. Further analysis by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) shows that CNG injector at "position 2" exhibit better quality of homogeneous CNG-air mixture and higher turbulence kinetic energy compared to other position. Based on the findings, an optimization of CNG injector position on intake manifold provide promising modification method due to the simple, cheaper and commercially acceptable.
Effective Thickness of Bedding Sand Layer for Shell Groove-Underside Shaped Concrete Blocks for Pavement
Authors: Azman M. , Hasanan M. N. , Hainin M. R. , Hafizah N. A. K. 
Published: January 2015

Underside Shaped Concrete Block (USCB) is a groove shaped block on the underside surface. The USCB concept utilizes groove pattern to grip and produce better resistance to the underside surface of block units onto the bedding sand layer. However, the horizontal movement of block units is the major problem in pavement due to vehicle braking and accelerated action. This paper presents the laboratory evaluation on vertical and horizontal displacement of shell groove-USCB pavement laid onto different bedding sand layer thickness. The bedding sand layer thickness an essential parameter to produce better USCB’s performance. A series of laboratory scale test were conducted to study USCB type of the Shell-Rectangular 15 mm (Shell-R15) laid on three different loose bedding sand layer thicknesses of 50 mm, 70 mm and 90 mm respectively. Then, push-in loading test and horizontal loading test were performed. The result indicates, the bedding sand layer thickness has significant influence to the vertical and horizontal displacement to USCB Shell-R15 compared to control of 50 mm loose bedding sand layer thickness. The loose bedding sand layer thickness of 70 mm performed better compared to others.
Chemical and Mineralogical Properties of Rice Husk Ash (RHA)
Authors: Usman Hassan Jamo , Zaky Noh Mohamad Kamal , Ahmad Zainal Arifin 
Published: January 2015

Rice husk ash (RHA) as a silica source was studied, resulting from burning at a temperature of 700oC in an electric furnace. RHA consists of inorganic, incombustible matter in the rice husk that has been fused into an amorphous structure. Microscopic techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to observe the surface and internal structure of the RHA. The results among other things revealed that RHA consist of mainly SiO2, with amorphous structure, Microscopic examination showed that has a porous cellular structure and consists of irregular-shaped particles.
MyRice: Pangkalan Data Pengetahuan Padi Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Talkah Nurul Shakina , Mohd Salleh Faezah , Shamsir Mohd Shahir , Rahmat Zaidah , Wagiran Alina , Sarmidi Mohamad Roji , Yusop Mohd Rafii , Musa Mohamed Hanafi 
Published: January 2015

Currently, all information regarding rice research in Malaysia are scattered over many different publications, depositories and databases using various digital and analogue formats. Although several international databases of rice research are available, they are not linked to geolocation and other basic archival information. We present MyRice; a systematic Malaysian online rice knowledge database for researchers and citizen scientists to curate their data. The creation of this database will enable scientific researchers to trace back rice research information and their locality effectively. It is constructed using a digitization pipeline that allow high throughput digitization of archival data and connected with publication search engine such as Google Scholar. The main functions include bibliography, map locational visualization and media uploader to share videos and images. We believe that MyRice will contribute to the digital knowledge ecosystem among rice researchers to elevate access and become a focal point for driving Malaysian rice research towards a sulf-sufficient country on food security. The database is available http://biodiversity.fbb.utm.my/myrice/.
The Importance of Acoustic Quality in Classroom
Authors: Sarlati S. , Haron Z. , Yahya K. , Darus N. , Dimon N. , Athari P. 
Published: January 2015

An effective learning process in a classroom with good speech intelligibility requires good acoustic quality. Low acoustic quality may cause frequent speech repetition and consequently leads to several emotional disorders among the students. The purpose of this study is to improve the acoustic quality of the classroom for a better learning process. Two classrooms at Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia have been selected for this study. Reverberation time is the most important factor in acoustics, which was determined using theoretical calculations and simulations. A Dass-21 of self-report questionnaires was used to measure the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among the students. The results showed that reverberation times of the classrooms were more than 1 second and 34% of the students have suffered from severe and extreme anxiety. The acoustic quality can be improved through the replacement of a painted concrete wall with high sound absorption material made of kenaf fiber in order to ensure reverberation time does not exceed the limit.
The Probability that an Element of Metacyclic 2-Groups of Positive Type Fixes a Set
Authors: El-sanfaz Mustafa Anis , Sarmin Nor Haniza , Mohamed Saleh Omer Sanaa 
Published: January 2015

In this paper, is a metacyclic 2-group of positive type of nilpotency of class at least three. Let be the set of all subsets of all commuting elements of of size two in the form of where and commute and each of order two. The probability that an element of a group fixes a set is considered as one of the extensions of the commutativity degree that can be obtained by some group actions on a set. In this paper, we compute the probability that an element of fixes a set in which acts on a set, by conjugation.
Hardware in the Loop of Two Rotors Platform
Authors: Musa Nur Amalina , Mansor Shuhaimi , Ali Airi 
Published: January 2015

This study is aimed to control unstable platform by introducing control system design through low-cost test rig for two rotor system with a feedback control. The rig is used to control the bank angle by adjusting the thrust from each rotor and useful as a teaching aid in control system design. In this paper, the transfer functions of the dynamic system for the two rotor platform was derived and introduce into the controller system. Inertia Measurement Unit (IMU) was installed to provide feedback to the control system. MATLAB Simulink is used to simulate the response of the system before going to the real application while LabVIEW is used to interface the hardware interface and programmed the control system.
Post-Impact Investigation of CFRP Laminated Plate
Authors: Israr H.A , Hongkarnjanakul N. , Rivallant S. , Bouvet C. 
Published: January 2015

This paper deals with low-velocity impact and quasi-static indentation tests on carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates that classically used in aeronautical applications. The aim is to carry out post-impact analysis using Vic 3-D digital image correlation to investigate the behaviour of permanent indentation which is an important condition for the damage tolerance justification in composite. Result shows the indentation depth decreased with the time due to relaxation of the specimen until at certain position. The microscopic observations were carried out to understand the phenomenon. Besides that, the post-mortem analyses on the impacted plate were also carried out through microscopic observation to determine the delamination area at each interface which is normally difficult to extract from the C-Scan result. The observations were made at three different sections cut (0°, 90° and 45°). The results of delamination area obtained from both microscopic and C-scan analysis is compared and there are rather satisfying to each other.
Development of Integrated Monitoring System for Re-Electric Vehicle
Authors: Abdul Karim Kasrul , Othman Md Nazri , Jidin Auzani , Abdullah Abdul Rahim , Ramli Mohd Zulkifli 
Published: January 2015

Awareness of technological development of an electric vehicle (EV) has increased from year to year, particularly with commercialization of the electric vehicles in the consumer market. In contrast to the internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles based on gasoline, electric vehicles rely on the batteries as the sole energy source. Although the electric vehicles have a relatively simple structure and their operations are more environmentally friendly, the battery energy capacity is limited, high in price and requires long charging time which as a result will limit the driving distance. Therefore, to tackle these issues a dedicated monitoring system for the battery is designed and developed. The developed integrated monitoring system consists of graphical display, measuring circuitries, speedometer, GPS, gyro and the controller module that monitors the batteries' status as well as other parameters that are important for the safe operation of electric vehicles. In addition the data was recorded during the driving for research purpose and future references, and the safety aspects are embedded in the controller module. The development of the system and its algorithm is described in this paper. The integrated monitoring system was tested in a real driving conditions to verify the functionality. The results show that the system is capable to measure and record all key parameter values, especially related to individual batteries along the journey. It also provides the user with a high degree of reliability through interactive and informative graphical display. As a conclusion, the use of the integrated monitoring system is not only able to ensure the efficient use of the battery and prolong its life span but also the safety aspect is considered in the design. For further system improvement, the battery characteristic, regenerative braking and traffic conditionswas incorporated into the algorithm.
Effect of Brake Pad Design On Friction and Wear with Hard Particle Present
Authors: Abdul Hamid M.K. , Shasudin N.I. , Mat Lazim A.R. , Abu Bakar A.R. 
Published: January 2015

Brake pad and disc design are important factors in ensuring excellent brake performance. But, particles from the environment can easily enter and interrupt the braking process and reduce braking performance. Friction depends on the design and surface properties of the pad and the disc. Wear happens in the brake system as the pad and disc try to withstand the braking force during the braking process. An experiment using brake dynamometer is done in order to determine the design effects on friction and wear when hard particle are present during the braking process. The test used three different brake pad designs under medium sliding load condition. It is found that Design 2 with a middle line groove provides better and stable brake torque and friction performance compared to Design 1 and Design 3. Design 2 also gavethe smallestweight loss inthe wear analysis of the pad.
Preliminary Survey Finding of The Built and Living Environment In Camp 5,Pulau Jerejak Settlement
Authors: Hui Jiun Ch’ng , Yong Long Lim , Xin Yi Ng 
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this research is to study the historical development of Camp 5, a leper camp on Pulau Jerejak. Pulau Jerejak Leper Settlement was operated from 1871 until 1969. During this period, six camps were built scattering around the island. One of the most important camps was Camp 5, completed in 1936. The camp was planned against the conservative idea of prison-like strict segregation. Camp 5 was planned in such a way that leprosy patients could freely conduct socio-cultural events, practice their faiths, establish their own families, be appointed as inmate workers, and et cetera. The houses were planned in clusters with well-planned agriculture plots and socio-cultural facilities. The layout plan of Camp 5 is important to suggest how leprosy patients could have been segregated more humanely. Today, most of the structures in Camp 5 are in semi-ruined conditions, Besides, there is lack of information can be used to reconstruct the planning of the settlement for the purpose historical research. Therefore, this research was conducted using three methods; archival research, interview and field works. The preliminary findings of the research enable researchers to discuss the theoretical discourse and provide historical lessons of modern segregations in dealing with diseases.
Sol-Gel Hybrid Cyanopropyltriethoxysilane-methyltrimethoxysilane as Adsorbent for Dispersive-Micro Solid Phase Extraction of Selected Organophosphorus Pesticides in Water Samples
Authors: Muhamad Norfazilah , Wan Ibrahim Wan Aini , Sanagi Mohd Marsin 
Published: January 2015

Commercial solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbents normally used for organophosphorus pesticides (OPPS) analysis is C18. However, it show low retention for polar compounds and is rather expensive. The limitations are overcome through the development of a new sol-gel hybrid material, cyanopropyltriethoxysilane-methyltrimethoxysilane (CNPrTEOS-MTMOS). Sol-gel hybrid CNPrTEOS-MTMOS was successfully synthesized and applied as an adsorbent for dispersive-micro-SPE (D-µ-SPE) of three selected OPPs from several water samples. Extracted analytes were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Under the optimum conditions (100 mg CNPrTEOS-MTMOS as adsorbent, 10 mL water samples, 7 min extraction time, 300 µL methanol as desorption solvent and 3 min desorption time), the method showed excellent detection limits (0.01-0.004 µg L-1 at S/N = 3) and linear range achieved were 0.01-10 µg L-1. The CNPrTEOS-MTMOS sorbent offers an alternative sorbent material for the extraction of OPPs of various polarity. The developed D-µ-SPE method was successfully applied for the simultaneous analysis of OPPs in several water samples and results were compared with published results. Sol-gel hybrid CNPrTEOS-MTMOS showed high potential as an alternative adsorbent for D-µ-SPE technique for OPPs.
Synthesis of Cu2O and ZnO Nanowires and their Heterojunction Nanowires by Thermal Evaporation: A Short Review
Authors: Khan Muhammad Arif , Sakrani Samsudi , Suhaima Syahida , Wahab Yussof , Muhammad Rosnita 
Published: January 2015

One dimensional metal oxide semiconductor nanowires of copper (I) oxide (Cu2O), zinc oxide (ZnO), and their heterojunction nanowires possess remarkable physical and chemical properties. ZnO and Cu2O areattractive because the metals are abundant on earth, inexpensive, nontoxic.Moreover, these oxides have useful optical and electrical properties suitable for a wide variety of electrical devices, because their electrical conduction can be predictably controlled by doping. We here restrict the disscussion using a Hot Tube Vacuum Thermal Evaporation. The NWs in these devices will be studied by physical vapor deposition known as vapor-liquid-solid (VLS). Therefore, we explore conventional methods, particularly the VLS of growing ZnO and Cu2O nanowires which are assisted by the catalyst. In this short review, we report the individual and combined (Cu2O/ZnO) junction nanowires by PVD method. The main advantages of these composite nanowires are the natural p-n characteristics, the broad light absorption, the high sensitivity to humidity changes, and the fast dynamic response. The combination of all characteristics offered by Cu2O/ZnO nanowires can enable the fabrication of diverse sensing devices, and photovoltaic solar cells.
The Enhanced EWMA Control Chart with Autocorrelation
Authors: Umar Farouk Abbas , Mohamad Ismail 
Published: January 2015

Control charts are effective tool with regard to improving process quality and productivity, Shewhart control charts are efficiently good at detecting large shifts in a given process but very slow in detecting small and moderate shifts, such problem could be tackled through design of sensitizing rules. It has been observed that autocorrelation has an advert effect on the control charts developed under the independence assumption [1]. In this article a new EWMA control chart has been introduced with autocorrelation and some run rule schemes were introduced to enhanced the performance of the EWMA control chart when autocorrelated. The three-out-of three EWMA scheme and three-out-of- four EWMA schemes were introduced and the generated data with induced autocorrelation were used to construct the EWMA chart to sensitize the shifts presence. Simulation of autocorrelated data were carried out for the proposed schemes which detects the shifts as soon as it occurs in the given process, the performance were evaluated using the ARL (average run length) and the results were compared with the published results of Steiner (1991) and the Saccucci (1990) which were designed for large, small and moderate shift. The results indicates that the proposed schemes are more sensitive to the shifts at ARL0=500, 300 and 200 with autocorrelation of 0.2, 0.5 and 0.9 considered in the study.
Adsorption Studies of Nickel(II) Metal Ions Uptake Using Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoadsorbent
Authors: Abd Ali Layth Imad , Wan Ibrahima Wan Aini , Sulaiman Azli , Sanagi Mohd Marsin 
Published: January 2015

In the present study, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) synthesized in-housed using co-precipitation method was applied for the treatment of aqueous solutions contaminated by Ni(II) ions. Experimental results indicated that at 25ºC, the optimum pH value for Ni(II) removal was pH 6.0 and an adsorbent dose of 60.0 mg. The adsorption capacity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for Ni(II) is 20.54 mg g−1. Adsorption kinetic rates were found to be fast; total equilibrium was achieved after 180 min. Kinetic experimental data fitted very well the pseudo-second order equation and the value of adsorption rate constants was calculated to be 0.004 and 0.0008 g mg−1 min at 5 and 40 mg L−1 initial Ni(II) concentrations, respectively. The equilibrium isotherms were evaluated in terms of maximum adsorption capacity and adsorption affinity by the application of Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The maximum monolayer capacity obtained from the Langmuir isotherm was 24.57 mg g−1 for Ni(II). Results indicate that the Langmuir model fits adsorption isotherm data better than the Freundlich model.
Risiko Pembangunan Sistem Secara Penyumberluaran : Pengujian Menggunakan Teknik Proses Analisis Berhirarki
Authors: H.Yahaya Jamaiah , Hamzah Nor Fazila , Deraman Aziz , Jusoh Yusmadi Yah 
Published: January 2015

System development outsourcing has become the important practices in many organizations which involve third parties contribution on IT implementation as well as software development. The reasons of the demanding in outsourcing implementation are because it reduces operation and development budget for Information Technology Department and improves service quality and operational efficiency. Although it comes with benefits to the organization, but there are risks that associated with it. The objectives of this study are: 1) to identify main risks in outsource software development, 2) to assess the outsourcing risks and 3) to test the risks related to supplier using AHP technique. A survey was conducted in Malaysia to identify main risks in software outsourcing and to access the risk’s level and severity. Then, the risks were analysed using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique to evaluate the performance of the suppliers in outsourcing data collected in the organisation. In this study, the testing and evaluating method were carried out with the officers in The Rubber Industry Smallholders Development Authority or RISDA in Malaysia because this organization has experience in software developemt outsource for more than 15 years. They are considered as well experience and good knowledge in this area. Findings from this study suggest to the related organization the main risks identified during software development and risk analysis is used to manage risk effectively according to its severity and priority. One way to manage and control risk is by identifying risks associated with suppliers using multi criteria selection method.