bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographical, laboratory and associated findings in patients with perniosis
Authors: Külcü Çakmak S. , Gönül M. , Oğuz I.D. , Yayla D. , Gül Ü. , Köse K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundPerniosis is a cold‐induced inflammatory disorder of the acral areas. The objective of this study was to investigate the demographic characteristics, associated factors, clinical and laboratory findings in patients with perniosis and to compare those findings between patients who had recurrent and acute disease.MethodsThirty‐four patients with perniosis were investigated retrospectively for age, gender, occupation, smoking and diet histories, associated diseases, family history of perniosis, precipitating factors, the month of onset and the duration of perniosis, the distribution of the lesions and the results of laboratory investigations.ResultsFifteen patients were male and 19 were female. The ages of the patients ranged from 15 to 57 years. Thirteen patients were working as sales people, which was the most common occupation. Sixteen patients were smokers. While 25 of the patients had encountered perniosis for the first time, in 9 of the patients, there were recurrent lesions. Diseases other than perniosis were recorded in 6 of the patients. The laboratory tests revealed mild leukopenia in 2, antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity in 3, mild rise in albumin level in serum protein electrophoresis in 1 patient. ANA positivity was significantly higher in patients with recurrent disease.ConclusionPerniosis was more common in women and below 40 years. We found no significant laboratory findings except ANA positivity in patients with recurrent perniosis.
Current practice in relation to nutritional assessment and dietary management of enteral nutrition in adults with Crohn's disease
Authors: Lomer M. C. E. , Gourgey R. , Whelan K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundNutritional assessment and dietary intervention, particularly enteral nutrition, are important in the management of Crohn's disease (CD). National audits have reported that dietetic resourcing in gastroenterology is inadequate. The present study aimed to identify current practice in the nutritional assessment and dietary management of enteral nutrition in CD, as well as investigate the factors that influenced it.MethodsA nationwide questionnaire survey adopting complete population sampling of all 296 UK acute hospitals was undertaken aiming to determine dietetic resourcing for gastroenterology. In addition, the case‐note review method was used to investigate approaches to nutritional assessment and dietary management of enteral nutrition as treatment for active CD.ResultsData were returned from 149 (56%) hospitals, providing assessment and management information on 190 patients. The median number of dietetic sessions dedicated to gastroenterology was 2 per week (interquartile range 4). Hospitals with five or more sessions per week dedicated to gastroenterology used a greater number of components in their nutritional assessment [mean (SD) 21.5 ( 5.0)] than those with fewer sessions [mean (SD) 19.6 (SD) 6.1, P = 0.05]. Enteral nutrition was perceived to be effective in 100 (55%) of 182 patients. The major reasons for limited success were poor compliance and inadequate volumes consumed, as well as insufficient treatment duration.ConclusionsThe components included in a nutritional assessment of CD patients are significantly lower in hospitals with fewer dietetic gastroenterology sessions. Focus on improving compliance and duration of enteral nutrition is urgently required to maximise the success of enteral nutrition in the treatment of CD.
Comparative efficacy of a self‐report scale and physiological measures in dental anxiety of children
Authors: Manepalli Swapna , Nuvvula Sivakumar , Kamatham Rekhalakshmi , Nirmala Sunkara 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo determine and correlate dental anxiety in children, using psychometric and physiological measures.MethodsOn hundred children (51 boys and 49 girls) were selected and anxiety was assessed using psychometric (Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale) and physiological measures (pulse rate and oxygen saturation levels), for local anesthetic administration. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS software version 11.0. Metric continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Analysis between groups was carried out by using one way anova. Categorical variables were analyzed with “Fisher's exact test”. For statistical significance, the probability value of < 0.05 was considered. The correlation among psychometric and physiological measures was assessed using the Spearman rank correlation.ResultsA very weak negative correlation between pulse rate and MCDAS(f) values was observed. The oxygen saturation level did not show significant variations and was not a reliable indicator of anxiety.ConclusionBoth psychometric and physiological measures have their own merits and are important clinically. Even behavioral measures, although having observer bias, can be used as an adjuvant along with these measures. It is essential to take two or more measures into consideration rather than just one to assess dental anxiety.
Association of bone mineral density with periodontal status in postmenopausal women
Authors: Singh Anuradha , Sharma Rajinder K. , Siwach Ram C. , Tewari Shikha , Narula Satish C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimMenopausal changes expose an individual towards risk of various pathologies during midlife transition. This study aimed to investigate the possible association of bone mineral density (BMD) with periodontal parameters in early postmenopausal Indian women.MethodsIn 78 dentate postmenopausal female patients periodontal examination was performed including clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, plaque index and sulcular bleeding index. Alveolar crestal height was measured on proximal surfaces of all posterior teeth except third molars with the help of bitewing radiographs. Patient's BMD was assessed with dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the correlation between BMD and periodontal parameters.ResultsPocket depth, clinical attachment loss and alveolar crestal height were found to have negative and statistically significant (P = −0.000 each) correlation with T‐score, with the value of Pearson's correlation coefficient being −0.474, −0.426, and −0.419 respectively. Number of teeth lost due to periodontitis was not significantly correlated with T‐score (P > 0.05). Results of anova and the post‐hoc Tukey test revealed a statistically significant difference of mean clinical attachment loss, pocket depth and alveolar crestal height for the osteoporotic versus osteopenic group and the osteoporotic versus normal group. However, between the osteopenic and normal group, the differences of mean were statistically nonsignificant (P > 0.05). Body mass index was found to have a weakly positive (r = 0.376) and statistically significant (P = 0.001) correlation with T‐score.ConclusionsBone mineral density is an important risk indicator for periodontitis in postmenopausal women. Number of teeth lost due to periodontitis is not significantly affected by the BMD of the early postmenopausal phase.
Secretory products of Escherichia coli biofilm modulate Candida biofilm formation and hyphal development
Authors: Bandara H. M. H. N. , Cheung Becky P. K. , Watt Rory M. , Jin Li Jian , Samaranayake Lakshman P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the time‐ and concentration‐dependent effects of Escherichia coli biofilm supernatant on Candida biofilm development, and to assess the effect of E. coli supernatant on Candida albicans hypha‐specific genes (HSGs) expression.MethodsThe effect of E. coli biofilm supernatant on six Candida spp. was assessed by tetrazolium salt (XTT) reduction assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The effect of biofilm supernatant on the expression of C. albicans HSGs (ECE1, HWP1, HYR1, RBT1, RBT4, ALS3, and ALS8) and transcription factors (CPH1, CPH2, EFG1, TEC1, RAS1, TUP1, NRG1 and RFG1) was evaluated with real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsEscherichia coli biofilm secretory products significantly inhibited C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. krusei biofilms at 24 h and all Candida spp. at 48 h (P < 0.05), and SEM and CLSM confirmed these data. HSGs RBT1 and RBT4 were mostly up‐regulated and ECE1, HWP1 and HYR1 were mostly down‐regulated. ALS3 was totally suppressed. All HSGs were down‐regulated at 48 h (P < 0.05). NRG1, RFG1 and EFG1, CPH1 and TEC1, and TUP1 and CPH2 showed similar expression trends and all were down‐regulated at 48 h (P < 0.05).ConclusionsEscherichia coli secretory elements significantly impair Candida biofilm development possibly by modulating HSGs and its transcriptional regulation.
Evaluation of the antigingivitis effect of a chlorhexidine mouthwash with or without an antidiscoloration system compared to placebo during experimental gingivitis
Authors: Li Wen , Wang Ren E. , Finger Martin , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine (CHX) with an antidiscoloration system (ADS) on stain, plaque accumulation, and gingivitis.MethodsA randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted in 26 students. After a preparatory period, the students were randomly assigned to either group P (placebo), group T1 (0.12% CHX without an ADS), or group T2 (0.12% CHX with an ADS). During the 3‐week experimental period, all mechanical oral hygiene was abolished. Rinsing with 10 mL mouthwash or placebo was performed twice daily under supervision. The parameters assessed on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 included the Discoloration Index (DI), Plaque Index (PII), and Gingival Index (GI).ResultsThere were no significant mean differences in the DI, PII, or GI between groups T2 and P. Significant mean differences existed in the DI between groups T2 and T1 on days 14 and 21. Significant mean differences existed in the PI between groups T2 and T1 on days 7, 14, and 21. Likewise, significant mean differences existed in the GI between groups T2 and T1 on days 14 and 21.ConclusionsCHX with an ADS did not prevent plaque or gingivitis development. In fact, the CHX mouthwash with an ADS showed no superior effect over placebo on oral hygiene or the prevention of gingivitis.
Navigating Pituitary Structure and Function ‐ Defining a Roadmap for Hormone Secretion
Authors: Hodson David J , Mollard Patrice 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe human pituitary gland may be the size of a pea, but it punches well above its weight due to secretion of hormones that regulate essential homeostatic processes ranging from growth to stress. Recent advances in imaging and genetics have allowed large‐scale interrogation of pituitary structure and function, and in doing so, have revealed that output relies on its organisation into highly plastic networks.
Validity and Reliability of the Persian (Farsi) Version of the DN4 (Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions) Questionnaire for Differential Diagnosis of Neuropathic from Non‐Neuropathic Pains
Authors: Madani Seyed Pezhman , Fateh Hamid R. , Forogh Bijan , Fereshtehnejad Seyed‐Mohammad , Ahadi Tannaz , Ghaboussi Pouya , Bouhassira Didier , Raissi Gholam Reza 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe aim of our study was translation and assessment of validity and reliability of the Persian version of DN4 questionnaire. The goal was to fill the gap caused by the absence of a validated instrument in Persian to facilitate discrimination of neuropathic pain. In this study, the adaptation and validation of the questionnaire was carried out in 4 steps, including translation, retranslation, semantic, and literal assessments, and a pilot study for practicability and potential perception difficulties of the final Persian version on 45 patient samples. The questionnaire validation performed on 175 patients, 112 (64%) females with the mean age of 52.53 (SD = 14.98) ranging from 22 to 87 years of age with neuropathic (N = 86) and non‐neuropathic pain (NNP) (N = 89). Sensitivity, specificity, and Youden Index in cut‐off point ≥ 4 were 90%, 95%, and 0.85, respectively, which are noteworthy findings among other validation studies. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0.852. Inter‐rater agreement and test–retest reliability were significant intraclass coefficient (ICC = 0.957 and ICC = 0.918, respectively). The Persian version of DN4 questionnaire is a reliable, valid, feasible, and easily administered tool for precise discrimination neuropathic pain from NNP in Farsi. The characteristics of this test can assist practitioner to diagnose neuropathic pain accurately for both clinical and research purposes.
Cognitive outcome of very‐low‐birthweight infants at 6 years of age
Authors: Takayanagi Toshimitsu , Egashira Masanori , Yamaguchi Tomona , Murata Noriko , Yokota Goro , Matsuo Koji , Ogata Tsutomu , Egashira Tomoko , Iwanaga Manabu , Mizukami Tomoko 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the cognitive function in very‐low‐birth‐weight infants (VLBWI) at 6 years of age and investigate significant factors during neonatal intensive care unit admission that affect cognitive outcomes.MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐nineVLBWI(28.4 weeks, 1024 g), including 93 extremely low‐birthweight (EL) infants whose birthweight was <1000 g (26.8 weeks, 759 g) and 96 very low‐birthweight (VL) infants whose birthweight was 1000–1499 g (30.0 weeks, 1281 g), were enrolled. The cognitive function was measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children version 3, threeIQtests, four factor indices and 13 subtest scores. Regression analyses were performed to analyze the cognitive indices and clinical variables during neonatal intensive care unit admission.ResultsThe full‐scale IQ (FIQ) in theELinfants was 85.3 ± 13.4, which was significantly lower than the 91.8 ± 9.7 observed in theVLinfants. The verbal IQ and performance IQ in theELinfants were also lower than those observed in theVLinfants. The rate of difference between verbal IQ and performance IQ >14 was 20% in theELinfants and 22% in theVLinfants. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant relation betweenFIQandHC(P= 0.002) andFIQand dexamethasone (P= 0.012).ConclusionIn comparison with that observed in theVLinfants, the intelligence quotient of theELinfants was inferior and exhibited more inter‐individual variation. Intra‐individual imbalances of the cognitive function were highly observed irrespective of theELorVLstatus. Restriction of intrauterine brain growth and greater doses of dexamethasone may be harmful for subsequent cognitive outcomes.
Perceptions of illness, lifestyle and support after an acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Junehag Lena , Asplund Kenneth , Svedlund Marianne 
Published: June 2013

After an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), people are encouraged to adopt a healthy lifestyle. But they are not always motivated to maintain the necessary lifestyle changes and need the right support to do it. In sparsely populated areas, people afflicted by an AMI have difficulty in finding standard rehabilitation programmes near their homes during the recovery, so they need alternative forms of support. The aim was to describe individual perceptions of their lifestyle and support, 1 year after an AMI, with or without mentorship. This study has a qualitative, descriptive design with data collected in individual interviews. Twenty men and women were interviewed 1 year after their first AMI, and 11 had been offered contact with mentors who had had an AMI. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. Those with and without mentors had similarities and tendencies to variation in their perceptions, with both a positive and negative view of life. The participants were aware of the necessity of living a healthy lifestyle but some resisted doing so. They wished to live as before, and all saw the future positively. Having a mentor with the same experience could be valuable for some people, but more research is needed to understand the lack of motivation to make beneficial lifestyle changes after a serious health event as AMI.
Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and albuminuria in rural Zambia: a hospital‐based survey
Authors: Rasmussen Jon B. , Thomsen Jakúp A. , Rossing Peter , Parkinson Shelagh , Christensen Dirk L. , Bygbjerg Ib C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess albuminuria in rural Zambia among patients with diabetes mellitus only (DM group), hypertension only (HTN group) and patients with combined DM and HTN (DM/HTN group).MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted at St. Francis Hospital in the Eastern province of Zambia. Albumin–creatinine ratio in one urine sample was used to assess albuminuria. Other information obtained included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), random capillary glucose, time since diagnosis, medication and family history of DM or HTN.ResultsA total of 193 participants were included (DM group: n = 33; HTN group: n = 92; DM/HTN group: n = 68). The participants in the DM group used insulin more frequently as diabetes medication than the DM/HTN group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the DM group was younger and had lower BMI, WC and BP than the two other groups. In the DM group, HTN group and DM/HTN group, microalbuminuria was found in 12.1%, 19.6% and 29.4% (P = 0.11), and macroalbuminuria was found in 0.0%, 3.3% and 13.2% (P = 0.014), respectively. The urine albumin (P = 0.014) and albumin–creatinine ratio (P = 0.0006) differed between the three groups.ConclusionThis hospital‐based survey in rural Zambia found a lower frequency of albuminuria among the participants than in previous studies of patients with DM or HTN in urban sub‐Saharan Africa.
The bHLH proteins BEE and BIM positively modulate the shade avoidance syndrome in Arabidopsis seedlings
Authors: Cifuentes‐Esquivel Nicolás , Bou‐Torrent Jordi , Galstyan Anahit , Gallemí Marçal , Sessa Giovanna , Salla Martret Mercè , Roig‐Villanova Irma , Ruberti Ida , Martínez‐García Jaime F. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) refers to a set of plant responses initiated after perception by the phytochromes of light with a reduced red to far‐red ratio, indicative of vegetation proximity or shade. These responses, including elongation growth, anticipate eventual shading from potential competitor vegetation by overgrowing neighboring plants or flowering to ensure production of viable seeds for the next generation. In Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, the SAS includes dramatic changes in gene expression, such as induction of PHYTOCHROME RAPIDLY REGULATED 1 (PAR1), encoding an atypical basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) protein that acts as a transcriptional co‐factor to repress hypocotyl elongation. Indeed, PAR1 has been proposed to act fundamentally as a dominant negative antagonist of conventional bHLH transcription factors by forming heterodimers with them to prevent their binding to DNA or other transcription factors. Here we report the identification of PAR1‐interacting factors, including the brassinosteroid signaling components BR‐ENHANCED EXPRESSION (BEE) and BES1‐INTERACTING MYC‐LIKE (BIM), and characterize their role as networked positive regulators of SAS hypocotyl responses. We provide genetic evidence that these bHLH transcriptional regulators not only control plant growth and development under shade and non‐shade conditions, but are also redundant in the control of plant viability. Our results suggest that SAS responses are initiated as a consequence of a new balance of transcriptional regulators within the pre‐existing bHLH network triggered by plant proximity, eventually causing hypocotyls to elongate.
Intravitreal cidofovir injection for the management of chronic glaucoma in dogs
Authors: Low Martha C. , Landis Mary L. , Peiffer Robert L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this retrospective study was to determine whether an intravitreal injection of 562.5 ug of cidofovir was effective in lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP) in chronically glaucomatous avisual canine eyes.PatientsThis study reviews the medical records of 167 canine patients diagnosed with chronic glaucoma between 2006 and 2011. The criteria for study inclusion were patients with irreversibly avisual eyes that were refractory to medical management, without evidence of endophthalmitis or intraocular neoplasia as determined by historical, clinical, and/or ultrasonographic examination, who were treated with an intravitreal injection of cidofovir.ProcedureUsing only topical anesthesia for most patients, aqueouscentesis was followed by an intravitreal injection of 562.5 ug of cidofovir and 1 mg of subconjunctival triamcinolone. An initial recheck was performed 14 days following the injection.ResultsThe mean IOP immediately prior to injection was 46 ± 13 mm Hg with a median of 47 mm Hg. At the initial recheck, the mean IOP was 10 ± 11 mm Hg with a median of 6 mm Hg. A common postinjection finding was mild intraocular inflammation, which was controlled in all cases with topical neopolydex solution. Post injection complications included corneal ulceration (2.4%) and endophthalmitis (2.4%). Phthisis bulbi was a common sequalae (70%). One injection of cidofovir was successful in lowering the IOP in 85% of cases (P < 0.0001); multiple injections raised the success rate to 97%.ConclusionsAn intravitreal injection of cidofovir was found to be an effective method of lowering intraocular pressure to <20 mm Hg. While the common side effect of phthisis bulbi resulted in a less than optimal cosmetic result, patients subjectively benefited from enhanced comfort warranting consideration of this approach in the management of chronically glaucomatous avisual canine eyes.
Eosinophilic keratitis in 46 eyes of 27 horses in theMid‐AtlanticUnitedStates (2008–2012)
Authors: Lassaline‐Utter Mary , Miller Chelsey , Wotman Kathryn L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo review the signalment, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of equineEKcases in theMid‐AtlanticUnitedStates; to evaluate the effects of topical or systemic corticosteroid treatment, oral cetirizine treatment and secondary corneal infection on disease duration; and to evaluate the association between corticosteroid and cetirizine treatment and likelihood of recurrence.AnimalsTwenty‐seven horses (47 eyes) diagnosed withEKfrom 2008 to 2012.ProcedureRetrospective medical record review followed by phone interview to obtain recurrence data.ResultsAverage age of affected horses was 8.2 years,SD5.8 years. Eleven of 27 horses (41%) were diagnosed withEKin July. Twelve horses (44%) had been affected in previous years. Time to resolution averaged 3.7 months,SD2.3 months. Ten horses (18 eyes) were treated with systemic dexamethasone, with a significantly shorter time to resolution,P = 0.03, averaging 2.23 months,SD1.13 months, relative to horses not so treated, averaging 4.20 months,SD1.47 months. Secondary infection led to a significant increase in time to resolution,P = 0.03, average 4.1 months,SD1.7 months, relative to horses without secondary infection, average 3.0 months,SD1.5 months. All eyes were visual at resolution. Horses treated with cetirizine were less likely to have recurrence during the follow‐up period (1/13, or 8%) relative to horses not so treated (8/14, or 57%).ConclusionsEosinophilic keratitis has a seasonal occurrence in summer in theMid‐AtlanticUnitedStates. Systemic but not topical corticosteroid treatment may decrease therapy duration. Treatment with cetirizine may be associated with a decreased risk of recurrence.