bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of Selected Alkali-Activated Materials for Sustainable Development
Authors: Nemec Jiri , Gandel Radoslav , Jerabek Jan , Sucharda Oldrich , Bilek Vlastimil 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Concrete, which is based on the use of Portland cement as a binder, is often used as a structural material in the construction industry. However, the production of cement has a high energy demand. Alkaline-activated systems, for example, have the potential to replace cement with suitable substitutes, and this also puts the raw materials created as by-products from industrial processes to the fore. The presented research focuses on three selected variants, where the goal is to compare key properties from the point of view of material engineering and structural design. Tests of the mechanical properties of the examined materials are carried out and their durability is compared, namely frost resistance, resistance to chemical and de-icing substances and resistance to elevated temperature. As part of the main design criterion of structure, the resulting average compressive strengths of the selected alkali-activated materials ranged from 52.8 to 62.8 MPa.
Experimental, Analytical, and Numerical Evaluation of Bridge Pier Scouring
Authors: Kadam Gouri , Dawari Balkrishna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Due to the rising number of incidents of bridge failure, scouring around bridges has received a lot of attention. Accurate scour depth prediction is a challenge for researchers and experts, despite massive global research efforts. Estimation the scour depth is crucial for both a safety and economy. Numerous factors affect the scour depth. In this work, the scour depth of three distinct pier geometries – circular, oblong, and rectangular – is thoroughly investigated, and the effect of water depth and discharge on the scour depth of a given geometry is evaluated. Three pier shapes were the subject of a total of 27 trials, nine of which combined three discharges with varying flume water depth. Experimental observation of scour depth shows good agreement with analytical and numerical scour depth values. A comparative examination of analytical, experimental, and numerical findings indicates that numerical models can effectively estimate scour depth, offering a cost-effective and time-saving methodology. Results showed that circular and oblong pier geometry shows lesser scour depth than rectangular pier geometry for a specific combination of flow depth and discharge. Scour depth decreased with increasing flume water depth for the same discharge. For the constant flume water depth, higher discharge results in greater scour depth.
The Planning of Reduced, Reuse, and Recycle-Based Temporary Disposal Site
Authors: Cahyonugroho Okik Hendriyanto , Hidayah Euis Nurul , Firdaus Emeraldi , Khotimah Kusnul 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The community-based waste management methods through reduce, reuse and recycle-based temporary disposal sites (3R-TDS) was one of the possible municipal solid waste management strategies for reducing the volume of waste. The aims of this studied were to planned and design 3R-TDS in densely populated areas by combining various 3Rbased waste management methods for obtaining a reducing volume of municipal solid waste to FDS. This studied was conducted into five main steps, that were collected primary data, calculated the density and composition of municipal solid waste, designed the 3R-TDS to determine the appropriate space based on functional processing. The results had identified the waste generation 4,454.72 kg/day or 0.431 kg/person/day, and it was predicted up to 8,930 kg/day within 10 years. The highest percentage of municipal solid waste was organic food waste 58%, and the lowest composition was leather 0.2%. Design of 3R-TDS could been applied to managed municipal solid waste had been the concept of 3R-TDS leads to arrange 973 m2, which provided area for in ordered to facilitate dropping, separating, sorting, waste processing for plastic, inorganic, organic, residue, leachate, and supporting area.
Planning for Strategic Information Operations
Authors: Cline Lawrence E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Strategic information operations (IO) have normally been viewed as an issue above the military level. Nevertheless, they are critical both in shaping the larger operational environment and in providing a strategic initiative short of war. As such, they are crucial for military strategists. Also, in most Western countries, the focus has been on defensive measures against opponents’ IO efforts. Such a defensive mindset is unlikely to succeed. Some long-term patterns and lessons learned in IO provide a useful template for both defensive and offensive IO campaigns.
Evaluating the Viability of the Erbil Citadel Houses for Adaptive Reuse Process
Authors: Sulaiman Goriel Wafaa Anwar , Zoltán Erzsébet , Molnár Tamás 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Notwithstanding its potential advantages, adaptive reuse has grown in popularity as a sustainable development strategy across the globe. There is a shortage of studies on the methodology and results of adaptive reuse projects in the Middle East. Erbil Citadel’s Houses is a special kind of conservation and adaptive reuse Project.
The Middle East, particularly in conflict-affected areas, has received very little research on the methodology and results of adaptive reuse projects. The challenge this research attempts to solve is how to preserve historical sites like the Erbil Citadel houses using adaptive reuse as a sustainable development method. This paper tries to answer what are the key aspects of adaptive reuse as a sustainable strategy for historic structures. By analyzing the difficulties and opportunities related to adaptive reuse to address this gap. The findings from this research can help establish best practices for adaptive reuse in comparable situations and guide the formulation for sustainable development in Middle east areas.
Small Scale Interventions in Debrecen as a Method of Sustainability
Authors: Szentirmai Tamás 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Architecture - both urban and building scale - always strongly reflects the current social and cultural context. This is of course no different today: the topics that currently define our world - climate change, sustainability, environmental protection, housing poverty... - strongly influence design, sometimes with the stringency of legislation, sometimes as a matter of conscience. Within the framework of the architectural education in Debrecen - student assignments and departmental projects - we often seek answers to the question of what other professional approaches can be found, which could even show an alternative to the current engineering and technological answers that are so intensively present in everyday life. This is one of the ways we think about sustainability, where our primary objective is to show the hidden values and reserves of existing places - buildings, urban spaces - and how currently under-used situations can serve new functional needs with small-scale interventions without significant investment.
Pediatric Critical Care Illness Severity Toolkit: Stata Commands for Calculation of Pediatric Index of Mortality and Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Scores
Authors: Azamfirei Razvan , Mennie Colleen , Fackler James C. , Kudchadkar Sapna R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Illness severity scoring tools, such as PRISM III/IV, PIM-3, and PELOD-2, are widely used in pediatric critical care research. However, their application is hindered by complex calculation processes, privacy concerns with third-party online calculators, and challenges in accurate implementation within statistical packages.

Methods
We have developed a comprehensive, open-source toolkit for implementing the PIM-3, Simplified PIM-3, and PELOD-2 scores. The toolkit includes the pim3 and pelod2 commands and is compatible with Stata versions 12 and above. It features robust data validation, error messaging, a graphical interface, and support for SI and Imperial units. The toolkit's accuracy was validated through unit testing and synthetic data, comparing results with existing implementations.

Results
In performance tests, the toolkit exhibited a median processing time of 21.82 seconds for PELOD-2, 14.06 seconds for PIM-3, and 9.74 seconds for Simplified PIM-3, when applied to datasets of 10,000,000 records. It consistently achieved 100% accuracy in both synthetic data tests and manual spot checks.

Conclusion
The toolkit decreases processing time and improves accuracy in calculating pediatric critical care severity scores such as PELOD-2, PIM-3, and Simplified PIM-3. Its application in large datasets and validation highlights its utility as a tool for streamlining pediatric critical care research.
Lower Free T3 Levels Linked to Poorer Outcomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Akbaş Türkay , Güneş Harun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aim of the Study
Non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is often observed in critically ill patients. This study aimed to examine thyroid hormone changes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experiencing acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) and to evaluate the impact of these alterations on clinical outcomes.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective investigation involved 80 COPD patients (age 71.5±9.5 years; 57.5% male) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to AHRF. NTIS was identified when free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels were below the lower limit, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels were within the normal range or below the lower limits.

Results
NTIS was detected in 63.7% of the patients. Decreased fT3 levels were found in 36.3% of the patients, reduced T4 levels in 33.8%, and diminished TSH levels in 15%. Patients with low fT3 levels exhibited elevated C-reactive protein levels, white blood cell counts, and APACHE II scores, necessitated vasopressor infusion more frequently during their ICU stay, and had increased mortality. The in-hospital mortality rate was 28.8%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that fT3 level (odds ratio [OR]., 0.271; 95% confidence interval [CI]., 0.085–0.865; p=0.027), APACHE II score (OR, 1.155; 95% CI, 1.041–1.282; p=0.007), and vasopressor use (OR, 5.426; 95% CI, 1.439–20.468; p=0.013) were crucial predictors of in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions
A high prevalence of NTIS is observed in COPD patients with AHRF, with low fT3 levels frequently observed. The presence of lower levels of fT3 is associated with a greater severity of the disease and a significant prognostic indicator.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Thrombocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Severe and Moderate/Mild Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients: Preliminary Results
Authors: Pui Mihai Claudiu , Butiulca Mihaela , Cehan Vlad , Stoica Florin , Lazar Alexandra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents a major cause of mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). The inflammatory response is escalated by the cytokines and chemokines released by neutrophils, therefore the search for quantifying the impact of this pathophysiological mechanism is imperative. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are indicators of systemic inflammation, widely accessible, inexpensive, and uncomplicated parameters.

Methods
We conducted a prospective study between March 2023 and June 2023 on patients which presented Berlin criteria for the diagnosis of ARDS during the first 24 hours from admission in the ICU. We included 33 patients who were divided into two groups: one group of 11 patients with severe ARDS and the second group of 22 patients with moderate/mild ARDS. The study evaluated demographic characteristics, leukocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, as well as NLR and PLR values from complete blood count, and severity scores (APACHE II score and SOFA score). We investigated the correlation of NLR and PLR in the two main groups (severe and moderate/mild acute respiratory distress syndrome patients).

Results
For the NLR ratio statistically significant differences between the two groups are noted: Severe ARDS 24.29(1.13–96) vs 15.67(1.69–49.71), p=0.02 For the PLR ratio, we obtained significant differences within the group presenting severe ARDS 470.3 (30.83–1427) vs. the group presenting mild/moderate ARDS 252.1 (0–1253). The difference between the two groups is statistically significant (0.049, p<0.05). The cut-off value of NLR resulted to be 23.64, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.653 (95% CI: 0.43–0.88). The best cut-off value of PLR was performed to be 435.14, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.645 (95% CI: 0.41–0.88).

Conclusion
Our study showed that NLR and PLR ratios 24 hours in patients with moderate/severe ARDS diagnosis can be a good predictor for severity of the disease. These biomarkers could be used in clinical practice due to their convenience, inexpensiveness, and simplicity of parameters. However, further investigations with larger populations of ARDS patients are necessary to support and validate these current findings.
The Utility of Serial Lipid Measurements as a Potential Predictor of Sepsis Outcome: A Prospective Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Abdul Malick Afrah , Manavalan Jeyakumar , Murugiah Viveka , Bose Manikandan , Alexander Hariharan , Kanakasekaran Suganthy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and aim
Sepsis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality for patients admitted to an intensive care unit worldwide. Currently, procalcitonin (PCT) is a widely used prognostic marker for sepsis. The high cost of estimating Procalcitonin limits its utility in all health facilities. Lipid profile, being a frequently done routine investigation, is studied in sepsis patients to predict the prognosis of sepsis. This study was aimed to assess the association between lipid profile parameters, procalcitonin and clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis.

Materials and methods
It is a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). We included 80 sepsis patients from medical and surgical ICUs. Among them, 59 (74%) survived and 21 (26%) expired. Serum lipid profile, procalcitonin and variables required for APACHE II score are measured at two intervals, one during admission and on day 5. All the parameters were compared between the survivors and the non-survivors.

Results
Serum PCT levels were reduced on day 5 [3.32 (1.27–11.86)] compared to day 0 [13.42 (5.77–33.18)] in survivors. In survivors, Total Cholesterol, LDL-C and Non-HDL-C were significantly elevated on day 5 compared to day 0. In non-survivors, HDL-C significantly decreased on day 5. Between survivors and non-survivors, HDL-C significantly decreased on day 5 (23.88 ± 10.19 vs 16.67 ± 8.27 mg/dl). A Negative correlation was observed between HDL-C & PCT.

Conclusion
Serum Lipid profile levels, namely Total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C, have possible associations with the severity of sepsis. HDL-C have a negative association with the clinical scoring system in sepsis patients. Overall, the findings from our study suggest that lipid profile parameters have possible implications in predicting the outcome of patients with sepsis.
Optimisation of Simple Assembly Line Balancing Problem Type E: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: El Machouti Sana , Hlyal Mustapha , Babay Amel , Alami Jamila El 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Numerous research studies have focused on the Simple Assembly Line Balancing Problem (SALBP). Although many of these studies have attempted to minimise the number of workstations for a given cycle time (SALBP-1) or min-imise the cycle time for a given number of workstations (SALBP-2), few have focused on the E-type of the SALBP, which is a general NP-hard problem. Therefore, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in this area is extremely important. The SALB-E problem involves scheduling a given set of tasks in an orderly sequence of workstations, where task precedence relations are satisfied, and finding the optimal pair of number of workstations and cycle time that maximises line efficiency. The aim of this systematic review was to examine existing research on SALB-E issues and predict future directions for studies on this topic. A systematic methodology was used to review papers published between 1995 and 2023, selected from the Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar data-bases. The review showed that future studies should focus on multi- and mixed-model U-shaped and two-sided lines in the SALBP-E. In addition, it may be important to evaluate multiple objective functions rather than just a single one. To solve this problem, it is preferable to develop and refine genetic algorithms and investigate new approaches within the metaheuristic framework.
Comprehensive Method for Estimating the Time and Expenditures Required for Mine Liquidation Processes of Business Processes
Authors: Magdziarczyk Małgorzata , Chmiela Andrzej , Smoliński Adam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The European Green Deal (EU Green Deal) has set the direction for the EU’s energy transition towards climate neutrality by 2050. In Poland, this means moving away from the extraction and use of coal. The Social Contract for the Mining Industry signed in 2021 states the necessity of last mine closure by 2049. Mine closure is a complex, lengthy and costly process. A complex scientific solution may concern the use of rational operations and minimization of mine closure costs. This article presents a system for the elementary assessment of the potential time and cost of coal mine liquidation. Estimating coal mine closure costs in the early design phase is an key aspect of supporting the company dealing with mine closure. The aim of the research was to improve the tool for assessing mine liquidation price. The extended assessment solution proposed in the article is formed on base of statistics of past mining institution liquidation processes. This method can, with minor modifications, be used for each restructuring and revitalizing task for mining industries in the process of liquidation. At the core of the developed method is a preliminary data analysis, which should be confirmed by a complex and multi-criteria estimation of the costs of the planned mine liquidation.
Application of the Triz Model for Evaluating the Potential Innovation Value of a Digital Start-Up Company
Authors: Basuki Ari , Cahyani Andharini Dwi , Umam Faikul 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Digital innovations can improve the consumer experience by facilitating more personalized and convenient interactions, enhancing user interfaces, or introducing new features and functions. The potential innovation value rests in the capacity to attract and retain customers, boost customer satisfaction, and cultivate brand loyalty. The objective of this study is to formulate a digital startup strategy based on the potential value of innovation in six areas: strategy and planning, marketing, technological process, quality and environment, logistics, and human resources. This can help startups and stakeholders make informed decisions on how to best allocate resources and efforts to maximize their chances of success. Using a potential value map derived from a questionnaire survey, which held in February 2022, the innovation potential was analyzed. From an interview with the manager, the data served as the basis for developing the strategic plan using the TRIZ technique. Aspects of strategy and planning (2.33) and human resources (2.00) have the lowest score among the six aspects and classified as “B” level. Using the process of the TRIZ method, additional analysis of these two aspects yielded several solutions applicable to the formulation of the company’s strategy. Training regarding the strategic planning of the company is one of the strategies and planning-related solutions. Our study shows that TRIZ model is helpful to handle the identification and find solution of contradictions in problem situation of digital start-up company.
Building Trust in AI-Human Partnerships: Exploring Preferences and Influences in the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Żywiołek Justyna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into industrial processes has seen substantial development, characterized by the shift from Industry 4.0 to the future concept of Industry 5.0. The article identifies a significant gap in knowledge regarding how openness in AI engagement influences consumer trust and confidence in news media. This gap highlights the need for further exploration into the relationship between transparency in AI processes and consumer perceptions. The research utilises a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, gathering insights from academic literature, industry viewpoints, and actual data. We conduct an extensive analysis of existing literature to investigate the process of incorporating artificial intelligence into news creation and its influence on the level of confidence consumers have in the news. We have identified a significant lack of knowledge about the impact of openness in AI engagement on consumer views and trust in news media. Expanding on this discrepancy, we suggest a systematic methodology that incorporates controlled experiments and surveys to evaluate the influence of different degrees of openness on consumer trust and involvement with AI-generated news content. In addition, the paper examines the difficulties in establishing confidence in artificial intelligence (AI) inside the European Union, including several aspects such as technological, ethical, social, and legal considerations. The document presents a thorough plan to guarantee the secure development and execution of AI, with a focus on the significance of transparency, ethics, and teamwork. The study’s results provide vital insights for politicians, news organisations, and industrial businesses as they navigate the intricate process of integrating AI. Comprehensive Plan for Secure AI Development, to address the challenges outlined, the article presents a thorough plan for ensuring the secure development and execution of AI within the European Union. This plan emphasizes the significance of transparency, ethics, and collaboration in building trust and confidence in AI technologies.
A Systematic Review of Financial Factors Affecting Implementation of Lean Principle in Small and Medium Enterprises of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhoraif Abdullah Abdulaziz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The application of the lean principle can play an important role in enhancing the competitiveness and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The lean principle can reduce the cost of production, maximize resource optimization, and enhance the firm’s ability to provide superior value to the customers. The empirical research studying the effect of the implementation of lean principles in the SMEs has been widely studied. The researchers have used varying amounts of contextual variables as antecedents and consequences of the lean principle implementation in SMEs. The purpose of the present research study is to address this gap by reviewing the literature on Lean implementation in SMEs with a focus on finance-related variables as antecedents and consequences. To achieve the purpose of our study, the current research has employed a systematic literature review as a methodology to collect the studies from academic databases of ABI/INFORM world, Taylor & Francis, Emerald, Sage, Inderscience, Premier, ScienceDirect, and Scopus Business Supplies. The results of the study have yielded insight and knowledge into four different themes. Finally, an area for future research has also been developed.