bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the ENoG Value of the Orbicularis Oris Muscle Reflect All Facial Nerve Degeneration?
Authors: Haginomori Shin‐Ichi , Wada Shin‐Ichi , Ichihara Takahiro , Mori Atsuko , Kanazawa Atsuko , Matsumura Rei , Kawata Ryo 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:1) Compare electroneuronography (ENoG) values in patients with facial palsy using two different methods, the midline method that records compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) from the orbicularis oris muscle (the standard muscle for facial ENoG) and five electroneurogram recordings that records five CMAPs from five different facial muscles. 2) Reveal whether the ENoG value obtained with the midline method reflects entire facial nerve degeneration.Methods:Forty patients with facial palsy were enrolled. CMAPs were recorded using the midline method, in which the anode was placed on the mental protuberance and the cathode was placed on the philtrum. Additionally, five electroneurogram recordings were obtained by placing the anode on the skin of the parietal region and five cathodes on the skin over five facial muscles (frontalis, orbicularis oculi, nasalis, orbicularis oris, and depressor anguli oris muscles). ENoG values recorded using the two methods were compared.Results:The ENoG values of the five facial muscles did not differ from those obtained using the midline method. The total ENoG value calculated by summing five CMAPs from five facial muscles, which is considered to reflect total facial nerve degeneration, was not significantly different from that using midline methods; moreover, a strong positive correlation coefficient (r = 0.87) was found between them.Conclusions:The midline ENoG method that records CMAP from the orbicularis oris muscle reflects entire facial nerve degeneration. The ENoG value calculated from the orbicularis oris muscle might be suitable to evaluate the total prognosis of facial palsy.
Does Tinnitus Annoyance Correlate to Auditory Brainsteam Responses?
Authors: Sampaio Andre L. L. , Kehrle Helga M. , Oliveira Taciana S. C. , Granjeiro Ronaldo C. , Oliveira Carlos A. C. P. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Tinnitus is more common in patients with some degree of hearing loss, but may be present in approximately 10‐20% of people with normal hearing. There is evidence of involvement of the central auditory nervous system and interrelation with various parts of the nervous system, which may be involved in the mechanism of central processing of auditory signals. We aimed to analyze the annoyance of tinnitus in patients without hearing loss and to correlate the findings with auditory brainsteam response (ABR).Methods:We selected 84 patients with tinnitus and 47 patients without tinnitus, with ages ranging from 18 to 48 years old and hearing threshold less than or equal to 25 dB at frequencies between 500 and 8000Hz. We conducted the evaluation of tinnitus annoyance with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and examination of ABR.Results:Among the 84 patients in the study group, we found 35.7% of abnormal tests in at least one of the seven parameters tested, however, only the difference in the interaural wave V latency in patients with unilateral tinnitus was significant difference between the study and control group. Most patients in the study group had mild or very mild tinnitus. The discomfort of tinnitus showed no correlation with the results of ABR results.Conclusions:ABR results did not play a role in tinnitus annoyance in this study. It is important to investigate the role of anxiety and depression in the discomfort of tinnitus.
The Effect of Gingko Biloba (EGB 761) as an Otoprotector Against Cisplatin Ototoxicity
Authors: Sampaio Andre L. L. , Dias Mirella A. , Venosa Alessandra R. , Tauil Pedro L. , Alencar Elienai , Oliveira Carlos A. C. P. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Evaluate, by using distortion product oto‐acoustic emissions (DPOAE) test, the effect of ginkgo biloba extract (EGB761), which has shown antioxidant properties as a possible otoprotector against cisplatin induced hearing loss. Ototoxicity is an alteration caused by drugs that compromises the auditory and vestibular functions. Cisplatin (CDDP) is a potent antineoplastic agent used for the treatment of cancer although it has several side effects like ototoxicity (a dose‐limiting condition). Currently, cisplatin ototoxicity occurs due to alterations in the antioxidant system of the outer hair cells (OHC) of the cochlea. Different antioxidant drugs have been tested to evaluate the potential otoprotector effect combined to cisplatin administration. Distortion product otoacoustic emission test (DPOAE) has been showed to be a sensitive test for diagnosis of OHC injury and has been used for monitoring treatment of ototoxic drugs.Methods:The study was conducted on individuals that would begin cisplatin treatment. They were randomized and allocated in two groups: Control group (CG) (n =07) received placebo and CDDP and study group (SG n = 08) received EGB761 (240mg/day) and CDDP. Both groups ingested the drugs before first cisplatin dose. They were treated and followed up for approximately ninety days.Results:The maximum cumulative cisplatin dosage was 300mg/m2. Comparisons were made between baseline measurements and those records after maximum cumulative cisplatin dosage. The CG showed smaller amplitudes of the signal and signal/noise ratio compared to baseline.Conclusions:These results demonstrate that EGB761, because of their antioxidant properties, showed potential otoprotector effect.
Effect of Medication for Residual Symptoms in BPPV: Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lee Jung‐Yup , Kim Min‐Beom , Ban Jae Ho , Lee Kyung Chul 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Even after successful canalith repositioning procedures (CRPs) in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), residual symptoms could be continued without positional nystagmus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adjuvant medication on residual symptoms after successful CRPsMethods:Between January 2011 and August 2012, 150patients with idiopathic BPPV participated. Patients who had previous history of psychiatric disorder or migraine were excluded. All participants were diagnosed by video‐nystagmography (VNG), and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) questionnaires were completed before CRPs. All subjects were divided into three groups after successful CRPs. Medication (M) group was treated with vestibular suppressant (dimenhydrinate 25mg), placebo (P) group and no medication (N) group. One week after, all patients completed follow up VNG for recurrence and repeated DHI questionnaires for comparing residual symptoms.Results:All participants regardless of groups showed significant symptom improvement after successful CRPs, but 76 patients complained of residual symptoms. Presence of residual symptoms was more prevalent in P or N group compared with M group (P = 0.048, P = 0.03, respectively). Most frequent characteristics of residual symptoms were lightheadedness or mild headache (n = 36). However, in the analysis of DHI, total and subscale scores of DHI were not different between three groups before and after successful CRPs.Conclusions:Vestibular suppressant significantly reduced residual symptoms after CRPs. However, there is no significant reduction on DHI scores compared to a control group. It seems that residual symptoms may not be true vertigo but lightheadedness or headache.
Efficacy of Intratympanic Steroid Therapy as a Salvage Treatment for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Yeo Sang‐Won , Bae Seong‐Cheon , Lee Sung Hun , Park Kyoung‐Ho , Park Shi‐Nae 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Recently, comparable therapeutic efficacy of intratympanic steroid injection (IT‐S) as a salvage treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) has been reported. We aimed to compare the efficacy of intratympanic steroid injection as salvage treatment, systemic steroid, and intratympanic steroid injection alone.Methods:A retrospective, multicenter study investigating therapeutic efficacies of systemic steroid, intratympanic steroid, and combined therapy as a salvage treatment for SSNHL was designed in 660 patients with idiopathic SSNHL. Patients were divided into three groups according to the therapy they received: Intratympanic steroid injection group (IT‐S group), systemic steroid therapy group (SST group) and salvage therapy group (systemic steroid failure + intratympanic steroid, ST group). Hearing was evaluated and more than a 10dBHL decrease was defined as hearing improvement in our study.Results:Among a total number of 660 patients with SSNHL, 94 patients were included in IT‐S group, while 444 patients and 122 patients were included in SS and ST group, respectively. Age, gender, time interval from onset to treatment, and initial hearing level of each group were not statistically different. Patients who had concomitant medical disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and chronic renal failure were more frequently treated with IT‐S. There was no significant difference in hearing gain or the ratio of improvement in hearing among three different therapeutic groups of our study. (P = 0.140, P = 0.450).Conclusions:IT‐S as a salvage treatment seemed to be as effective as SS or IT‐S alone. We can conclude that IT‐S as a salvage therapy is not superior to other monotherapy.
Differences in Thyroid Cancer Trends between New York and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database
Authors: Wong Kenneth , Patel Neha A. , Geliebter Jan , Shin Edward J. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine regional trends in thyroid cancer in New York (NY) and compare results with national trends in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.Methods:Thyroid malignancies were identified between 2000‐2009 from the NY State Cancer Registry and SEER‐18 database. Incidence rates were determined for subgroups, including age cohorts, race, histologic subtype, and stage. Annual percent change (APC) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI) between subgroups.Results:IRR was significant between NY and SEER in the overall group (1.23, CI 1.21‐1.24, P < 0.0001), whites (1.26, CI 1.23‐1.28, P < 0.0001), Asians (1.30, CI 1.23‐1.37, P = 0.0001), blacks (1.12, CI 1.06‐1.17, P = 0.0002), age cohort 10‐24 (1.26, CI 1.18‐1.34, P = 0.0003), age cohort 25‐44 (1.25, CI 1.22‐1.28, P < 0.0001), age cohort 45‐64 (1.25, CI 1.22‐1.27, P < 0.0001), age cohort 65‐84 (1.15, CI 1.11‐1.19, P < 0.0001), age cohort 85+ (1.27, CI 1.10‐1.39, P = 0.003), local (1.21, CI 1.18‐1.23, P < 0.0001), regional (1.24, CI 1.20‐1.28, P < 0.0001), and papillary (1.23, CI 1.21‐1.25, P < 0.0001). There were also significant increases in APC in these subgroups.Conclusions:Thyroid cancer incidence has been increasing overall between 2000‐2009 in both NY and the SEER database. However, rates in NY are significantly increased for select subgroups, especially among white and Asian females between 25‐64 years. Physicians treating patients in these subgroups should be aware of the increased incidence of thyroid cancer and have a higher index of suspicion to monitor for potential malignancy.
Evaluation of Postoperative Hearing Outcome and Recurrence for Pars Flaccida Cholesteatoma
Authors: Hoshi Yujiro , Kashio Akinori , Karino Shotaro , Sakamoto Takashi , Kakigi Akinobu , Iwasaki Shinichi , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Find out which factors affect postoperative hearing outcomes and those which affect recurrence rate in cases of pars flaccida cholesteatoma.Methods:Fifty‐six ears of 54 patients who underwent tympanoplasty for pars flaccida cholesteatoma for the first time at our hospital between 2006 and 2011 were enrolled. Progression of cholesteatoma, results of postoperative hearing, and the incidence of recurrence were compared. To define the progression of cholesteatoma, we used components of the classification proposed by American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS) and the Japan Otological Society.Results:Cholesteatoma was present in eustachian tube, protympanum, or both in 13 cases, in the mesotympanum in 36, and in the mastoid cavity in 39. The stapes was intact in 47 cases, in which mucosa surrounding the stapes was normal in 15 and granulation tissue and/or cholesteatoma were present adjacent to the stapes in 32. Stapes superstructures were (nearly) completely destroyed in 8, and the stapes was not observed in one. Hearing was improved in 39 cases, with no significant difference in postoperative hearing among the regions involved by cholesteatoma. The cholesteatoma recurred in 5 cases. Recurrence was significantly more frequent when cholesteatoma involved the eustachian tube and/or protympanum (P = 0.041) and also when the stapes was destroyed (P = 0.043).Conclusions:Progression into the eustachian tube and/or protympanum and the destruction of the stapes superstructure are considered important factors to predict postoperative recurrence of pars flaccid cholesteatoma.
Evaluation of Vascular Activity in Otosclerosis by Laser‐Doppler Flowmetry: Comparison with CT Densitometry
Authors: Sone Michihiko , Yoshida Tadao , Suga Kenji , Kato Ken , Otake Hironao , Teranishi Masaaki , Nakashima Tsutomu 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Evaluate vascular activity in ears with otosclerosis by intraoperative measurement of blood flow using laser‐Doppler flowmetry, and compare the data with densitometry on computed tomography (CT).Methods:Thirty‐nine ears from patients who underwent surgery for otosclerosis were assessed in the present study. The subjects were divided into the fenestral (29 ears) and the retrofenestral (10 ears) groups by CT. Ratios of bone density in the area anterior to the oval window (AOW) or the promontory (PT) near the round window niche to that of the basis labyrinthine otic capsule were calculated on CT images. Measurements of blood flow were performed with a laser‐Doppler flowmeter at the two corresponding areas evaluated by CT.Results:In both groups, relatively young subjects with high blood flow values in the AOW or PT had rather low ratios of bone density in the corresponding areas. In contrast, old subjects with low ratios of bone density showed low blood flow values in the same areas. In the retrofenestral group, subjects with high blood flow values in the PT showed low blood flow values in the AOW, but their ratios of bone density were similarly low in both areas.Conclusions:Blood flow varied and did not correlate with CT densitometry. Measurement of blood flow by laser‐Doppler flowmetry could yield useful information to evaluate the progress of vascular activity.
Hearing Impairment in 351 Middle Ear Cholesteatomas
Authors: Rosito Leticia S. , Selaimen Fábio A. , Noschang Maurício , Da Costa Sady S. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:1) Analyze the hearing loss in ears with cholesteatoma 2) Verify differences between children and adults.Methods:A cross sectional study involving 351 ears with middle ear cholesteatoma and no previous surgery submitted to pure tone audiometry between August 2000 and January 2013. The air and bone conduction thresholds and the air‐bone gaps were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using student t test.Results:The mean age was 31.5 ± 18.1 years old. 53.4% were men and 65.3% adults. The tritonal air and bone conduction thresholds media were 43.2 ± 18.7dB and 14.3 ± 12.8dB, respectively. The tritonal air‐bone gaps media was 28.9 ± 13.8dB. Profound hearing loss was found in only 3.4% (8 adults and 4 children). The air and bone conduction thresholds were significantly greater in adults in all frequencies (P < 0.001). When the air‐bone gaps were compared between the two groups, however, children had greater values in 500Hz (P = 0.05). There were no other differences between the groups in the further frequencies.Conclusions:Middle ear cholesteatoma is associated with significant hearing impairment although profound hearing loss is rare. Adults have greater thresholds in air and bone conduction than children. The air bone gaps are similar between the groups but can be greater in children.
Hearing Loss in Singers
Authors: Hofmann Erik , Hu Amanda , Davis John , Sataloff Robert T. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Singers need good hearing; however, they are exposed to loud noises during their musical activities. The objectives of this study were to: 1) Describe the incidence and type of hearing loss in singers, and 2) Identify risk factors associated with hearing loss in singers.Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted of singers who had had an audiogram during the past three years. Billing records identified patients who had videostroboscopy and audiogram at the same visit. Charts were then reviewed to identify singers. A singer was defined as anyone who self‐identified as a singer (professional or avocational). Demographic data, clinical factors, and audiograms were recorded. Outcome measurements included the presence of hearing loss, type of hearing loss, and pure tone average (PTA).Results:Out of 125 singers (43.8 ± 19.0 years, 35.2% male), 21 (16.8%) had hearing loss with a mean left PTA of 28.5 ± 10.4 dB and right PTA of 29.3 ± 6.5 dB. If mild hearing loss is included, the number increases to 32 (42.4%). Twenty (95.2%) had sensorineural hearing loss and 18 (85.7%) had bilateral hearing loss. Older age (P = 0.00) and male gender (P = 0.00) were associated with hearing loss in singers. There were no associations with voice type or genre of music.Conclusions:The incidence of hearing loss in singers is 16.8%. Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss is most common. This is one of the few studies to examine hearing loss in singers. Data collection is ongoing to find age and gender matched controls.
Hearing Preservation in Adolescent Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Felton Mark , Melling Christine , Green Kevin , Bruce Iain 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Soft surgical techniques are increasingly being used in an attempt to preserve residual low frequency hearing in adults undergoing cochlear implantation. We describe our experience of cochlear implantation with hearing preservation in adolescents.Methods:Attempts at cochlear implantation with hearing preservation in adolescents were identified from the Manchester Auditory Implant Centre, UK. A retrospective case note review was performed, with emphasis on: functional hearing deficit pre‐operatively, surgical technique, age at implantation, type of electrode implanted, and functional hearing ability at sequential follow up. Functional outcomes were evaluated with the aim of evaluating both the potential benefit of preserving residual low‐frequency hearing and the maintenance of preserved hearing over time.Results:Sixteen adolescents (10 girls, 6 boys) received 18 cochlear implants over a 5 year period. The average age at implantation was 13 years, 5 months (range 10.5 to 17 years, 11 months). Average follow up was 2.5 years (range 1 year to 4 years, 3 months). Varying degrees of hearing preservation were achieved across the group, with hearing preservation being successful in all cochlear implantations. Detailed analysis of the audiological outcomes will be presented. Functional hearing significantly improved in all patients over time, including 3 patients whose low frequency hearing diminished with time.Conclusions:Residual hearing can be preserved in adolescents using a soft surgical technique. Adolescents may require several re‐insertions of their cochlear implants over a lifetime and therefore increasing emphasis is being placed on atraumatic electrode insertion, in order to limit intra‐cochlear scarring.
Hearing Restoration with Intravenous Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Blood
Authors: Choi Mi‐Young , Bae Seong‐Cheon , Yeo Sang‐Won 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Confirm the effect of transplantation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB‐MSCs) on hearing restoration in a sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) animal model.Methods:UCB was collected from pregnant women after obtaining consent, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were extracted. We established an SNHL model and transplanted UCB‐MSCs through the brachial vein of the guinea pigs. The animals were divided into 4 groups: animals with normal hearing, animals with SNHL, animals with SNHL and injected with saline, and animals with SNHL and transplanted with UCB‐MSCs. Hearing tests were conducted at 1, 3, and 5 weeks, and the results were compared by grading auditory brainstem response (ABR) recordings and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) for each treatment. Lastly, cochlear pathological features were examined, and surface preparations and morphological changes in each animal model were compared using hematoxylin and eosin staining and light microscopy studies.Results:In SNHL group, decreased DPOAEs and increased ABR threshold were noted. Furthermore, in the SNHL group, ABR hearing thresholds were unconverted and were similar to those observed in deafness. The transplanted UCB‐MSC group showed a significant improvement in hearing threshold (40 dB) compared to that in all the SNHL group (80–90 dB). Examination of the SNHL animals’ cochlear morphological features demonstrated a noticeable lack of spiral ganglion cells and also showed degenerated outer hair cells. However, the transplanted UCB‐MSCs showed an increase in spiral ganglion and hair cells.Conclusions:Intravenous transplantation of UCB‐MSCs can enhance hearing thresholds, outer‐hair cells and increase the number of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs).
Imaging Evaluation of Endolymphatic Hydrops in Cases with Otosclerosis
Authors: Mukaida Tohru , Sone Michihiko , Yoshida Tadao , Otake Hironao , Kato Ken , Teranishi Masaaki , Nakashima Tsutomu 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Human temporal studies have shown that endolymphatic hydrops (EH) is accompanied by otosclerosis, which is a risk factor for complications after stapes surgery. Recently, visualization of EH has become possible using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast agents. The presence of EH in cases with otosclerosis was investigated by MRI to prevent complications following stapes surgery.Methods:Sixteen ears from nine cases diagnosed as having otosclerosis were evaluated by 3‐Tesla MRI examinations taken 4 h after intravenous gadolinium injection. More than half of the ears showed mixed hearing loss and were suspected to have cochlear otosclerosis. Imaging data were compared with clinical findings in all ears and postoperative symptoms in ears undergoing surgery.Results:Varying degrees of EH were observed in 14 of the 16 ears. Episodes of acute sensorineural hearing loss or vertigo occurred in 4 ears with severe EH in the cochlea and 3 ears with severe EH in the vestibules. Overall, 12 of 14 ears with EH did not undergo stapes surgery. Ears without EH showed no postoperative complications, but one ear with mild EH in the vestibule showed severe vertigo following the surgery.Conclusions:The presence of EH in cases with otosclerosis was clearly visualized, and the degree of EH was correlated with the clinical findings in most patients. Such preoperative MRI evaluation could provide useful information to prevent complications following stapes surgery.