bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactobacillus delbrueckiiTUA4408L and its extracellular polysaccharides attenuate enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli‐induced inflammatory response in porcine intestinal epitheliocytes via Toll‐like receptor‐2 and 4
Authors: Wachi Satoshi , Kanmani Paulraj , Tomosada Yohsuke , Kobayashi Hisakazu , Yuri Toshihito , Egusa Shintaro , Shimazu Tomoyuki , Suda Yoshihito , Aso Hisashi , Sugawara Makoto , Saito Tadao , Mishima Takashi , Villena Julio , Kitazawa Haruki 
Published: July 2014

ScopeImmunobiotics are known to modulate intestinal immune responses by regulating Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, which are responsible for the induction of cytokines and chemokines in response to microbial‐associated molecular patterns. However, little is known about the immunomodulatory activity of compounds or molecules from immunobiotics.Methods and resultsWe evaluated whether Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii TUA4408L (Ld) or its extracellular polysaccharide (EPS): acidic EPS (APS) and neutral EPS (NPS), modulated the response of porcine intestinal epitheliocyte (PIE) cells against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) 987P. The roles of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR negative regulators in the immunoregulatory effects were also studied. ETEC‐induced inflammatory cytokines were downregulated when PIE cells were prestimulated with both Ld or EPSs. Ld, APS, and NPS inhibited ETEC mediated mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation by upregulating TLR negative regulators. The capability of Ld to suppress inflammatory cytokines was diminished when PIE cells were blocked with anti‐TLR2 antibody, while APS failed to suppress inflammatory cytokines when cells were treated with anti‐TLR4 antibody. Induction of Ca2+ fluxes in TLR knockdown cells confirmed that TLR2 plays a principal role in the immunomodulatory action of Ld, while the activity of APS is mediated by TLR4. In addition, NPS activity depends on both TLR4 and TLR2.ConclusionLd and its EPS have the potential to be used for the development of anti‐inflammatory functional foods to prevent intestinal diseases in both humans and animals.
Adaptive refinement of hierarchical B‐spline finite elements with an efficient data transfer algorithm
Authors: Jiang Wen , Dolbow John E. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryWe present an adaptive B‐spline FEM that employs hierarchical refinement and coarsening techniques. Hierarchical B‐spline refinement augments the approximation space through the use of finer, more compactly supported B‐splines. With this approach compatibility is automatic because problematic T‐vertices do not arise. The process of refinement does not change the regularity of the basis functions, and can be easily generalized to arbitrary dimensions. Data transfer during both refinement and coarsening is addressed. The techniques are then applied to several time‐dependent problems for which adaptivity is advantageous, and the performance of the method is evaluated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assumed strain nodally integrated hexahedral finite element formulation for elastoplastic applications
Authors: Artioli E. , Castellazzi G. , Krysl P. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYIn this work, a linear hexahedral element based on an assumed strain finite element technique is presented for the solution of plasticity problems. The element stems from the Nodally Integrated Continuum Element (NICE) formulation and its extensions. Assumed gradient operators are derived via nodal integration from the kinematic‐weighted residual; the degrees of freedom are only the displacements at the nodes. The adopted constitutive model is the classical associative von Mises plasticity model with isotropic and kinematic hardening; in particular, a double‐step midpoint integration algorithm is adopted for the integration and solution of the relevant nonlinear evolution equations. Efficiency of the proposed method is assessed through simple benchmark problems and comparison with reference solutions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second‐order defeaturing error estimation for multiple boundary features
Authors: Li Ming , Zhang Bo , Martin Ralph R. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYA posteriori estimation of defeaturing error, that is, engineering analysis error caused by defeaturing, remains a key challenge in computer‐aided design/computer‐aided engineering integration; indeed, it is essential if analysis based on automatic simplification of the geometry of a complex design is to be reliable. Previous work has mainly focused on removing a single, negative, internal design feature (i.e. a void within the model's interior); effects of removal of multiple features are found by simple summation. In this paper, we give a second‐order defeaturing error estimator that can handle multiple boundary features, either positive or negative (cutouts or additions on the model's boundary). This is the first such method to take into account interactions between different features. (Removing internal holes in 2D or through holes in 3D will change the model's topology and is not addressed here.) The proposed estimator is also the first to handle positive features without heuristics. Our approach uses second‐order shape sensitivity, on the basis of reformulating defeaturing as a shape transformation process. The reference model used for sensitivity computation is carefully chosen, as is the associated shape variation velocity, to ensure efficient computation and simple sensitivity expressions. Mixed partial derivatives in a second‐order Taylor expansion are used to account for interaction between features. The advantages of our approach are demonstrated using various numerical examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Propagation of delamination in composite materials with isogeometric continuum shell elements
Authors: Hosseini Saman , Remmers Joris J.C. , Verhoosel Clemens V. , de Borst René 
Published: July 2014

SummaryA continuum shell element based on the isogeometric analysis concept is extended to model propagating delaminations that can occur in composite materials and structures. The interpolation in the thickness direction is carried out using a quadratic B‐spline, and delamination is modelled by a double‐knot insertion to reduce the inter‐layer continuity. Within the discontinuity, the traction is derived from the relative displacement between the layers by a cohesive relation. A range of examples, including delamination propagation in straight and curved planes and buckling‐delamination, illustrate the versatility and the potential of the approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Ashkenazi Jewish carrier screening panel: evolution, status quo, and disparities
Authors: Hoffman Jodi D. , Park Jessica J. , Schreiber‐Agus Nicole , Kornreich Ruth , Tanner Alice K. , Keiles Steven , Friedman Kenneth J. , Heim Ruth A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough prenatal/preconception carrier screening recommendations for individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent (AJ) were published by American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (2008) and American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (2009), scientific advances have led to widely varied screening panels. Mutation carrier frequencies are sometimes based on small, homogeneous AJ populations. This study sought to update the state of AJ screening for the obstetrician by assessing laboratory screening panel compositions as well as assessing literature and laboratory carrier frequencies for common AJ mutations.MethodsA literature review (1991‐2013) was performed for AJ disease carrier frequencies. AJ screening data from six screening laboratories were collected. AJ panel composition was compared across 16 commercial and academic laboratories.ResultsOverall literature and laboratory carrier frequencies of AJ mutations were similar, although the Walker‐Warburg syndrome laboratory carrier frequency was almost twice that in the literature. Laboratory AJ disease panel composition varied widely, from 8 to 25 diseases.ConclusionsCurrent AJ panels vary widely by laboratory, resulting in disparate levels of screening. Consideration of an updated professional standard for prenatal/preconception AJ screening based on carrier frequency rates, level of disease burden, availability of screening, and cost of technology may be useful in providing equitable and appropriate care for those planning a pregnancy. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes of fetal echocardiographic surveillance in anti‐SSA exposed fetuses at a large fetal cardiology center
Authors: Krishnan Anita , Arya Bhawna , Moak Jeffrey P. , Donofrio Mary T. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDEchocardiography screening in anti‐SSA antibody exposed fetuses is controversial.OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to evaluate utility of fetal echocardiography in anti‐SSA exposure.METHODSEchocardiograms performed over 9 years for maternal anti‐SSA exposure were reviewed for atrioventricular (AV) block, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, effusion, valve abnormalities, or other abnormalities identified by the echocardiographer. Fetuses with AV block referred to our institution and subsequently found to be anti‐SSA exposed were also identified.RESULTSSix hundred thirty six echocardiograms were performed on 140 fetuses (Cohort 1) of 134 women screened for maternal anti‐SSA +/− anti‐SSB antibodies. No fetuses developed second or third‐degree AV block or cardiomyopathy (odds ratio 0.1, CI 0.0051 to 1.9410, p = 0.13). Dexamethasone was administered to three fetuses for sinus bradycardia, echogenicity near AV node, and ventricular systolic dysfunction with valve regurgitation; all normalized. Screening echocardiograms identified: sinus bradycardia (n = 1), PR prolongation (n = 5), premature atrial contractions (n = 3), valve regurgitation (n = 24), echogenic myocardium (n = 4), and pericardial effusion (n = 1). Isolated tricuspid regurgitation and first‐degree AV block did not progress. Nine cases of SSA‐mediated AV block (Cohort 2) were referred after heart block developed.CONCLUSIONSSerial fetal echocardiography in anti‐SSA exposed fetuses did not detect AV block. In rare cases, dexamethasone treatment may have affected disease course. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness of Task Specific Gait and Balance Exercise 4 Months After Hip Fracture: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial — The Eva‐Hip Study
Authors: Thingstad Pernille , Taraldsen Kristin , Hagen Gunhild , Sand Sylvi , Saltvedt Ingvild , Sletvold Olav , Helbostad Jorunn L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground and purposeRegular rehabilitation is not sufficient for regaining function after a hip fracture, and more targeted interventions for home‐dwelling elderly hip‐fracture patients are needed. This paper describes the protocol of a study assessing the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a task specific progressive gait and balance exercise programme for hip‐fracture patients, performed 4 months after the fracture.Methods/designA single blind two‐arm pragmatic randomised controlled trial was conducted with 142 hip‐fracture patients randomized to a 10‐week home‐based exercise programme or to practice as usual 4 months following the surgery. Inclusion criteria were age >70 years and being home dwelling prior to the fracture. Exclusion criteria are life expectancy <3 months and inability to walk 10 m prior to the fracture. The content and organization of the programme was developed in collaboration between physiotherapy researchers and primary health‐care physiotherapists. Participants were followed for 1 year post‐surgery, evaluating short‐term and long‐term effects of the programme. The primary outcome is gait speed, and the secondary outcomes are spatial and temporal gait parameters, free living physical behaviour by activity monitoring, mobility performance, activities of daily living, fear of falling, cognitive function, depression and health‐related quality of life. Cost‐effectiveness analysis is planned.DiscussionThis paper describes a task specific exercise programme aimed to improve gait and balance after a hip fracture. Inclusion started in February 2011, and the last 1‐year follow‐up is performed in March 2014. Broad inclusion criteria and physiotherapy‐guided home‐based exercises may facilitate the participation from frail patients and thereby increase the generalizability of the findings. Development and completion of the intervention within routine clinical practice will enlighten the implementation of results into clinical practice. Results may add new insight into how physiotherapy can improve gait and thereby activity and functioning in everyday life and have implications on future content and organization of physiotherapy after a hip fracture. © 2014 The Authors. Physiotheraphy Research International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Extensive protein interactions involving cytochrome P450 3A4: a possible contributor to the formation of a metabolosome
Authors: Fujiwara Ryoichi , Itoh Tomoo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 is a membrane protein that catalyzes hydroxylation of endogenous and exogenous substrates. Protein–protein interaction is a crucial factor that regulates the function of enzymes. However, protein–protein interactions involving human CYPs have not been fully understood. In this study, extensive protein–protein interactions involving CYP3A4 were determined by a shotgun analysis of immunoprecipitate utilizing anti‐CYP3A4 antibody. Our shotgun analysis revealed that 149 proteins were immunoprecipitated with anti‐CYP3A4 antibody in human liver microsomes. We further determined that 51 proteins of 149 proteins were specifically immunoprecipitated with the anti‐CYP3A4 antibody. Our analysis demonstrated that other CYP isoforms are interacting with CYP3A4, which is in agreement with previous findings. Based on our current and previous findings, we propose that drug‐metabolizing enzymes such as CYP3A4 and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 form a metabolosome, which is a functional unit of metabolism consisting of multiple metabolism‐related proteins.
Evaluating and selecting the biometrics in network security
Authors: Liu Che‐Hung , Wang Jen‐Sheng , Peng Chih‐Chiang , Shyu Joseph Z. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSince Apple merged with AuthenTec, a leading fingerprint recognition company, in 2012, biometrics has widely been considered to strengthen security and privacy in the network security field. Although biometrics has been applied in specific areas for decades, it has gradually proliferated in customer and mobile electronic products to enhance security and privacy. This study aims to evaluate biometrics through conventional technology assessment considerations combined with viewpoints on the specifics of biometric technologies and then to provide suggestions for selection. To conduct the biometric technology assessment, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and non‐fuzzy best performance approaches are used. Although the outcomes first indicate that technology assessment should be the key object in selecting biometric technologies, that object is followed by biometric competence and key elements of biometrics. The outcomes also indicate that features of the target technologies should be considered when evaluating them. Additionally, fingerprint recognition, iris recognition, and face recognition are the preferred biometrics in evaluation and selection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induction of Primordial Germ Cell-Like Cells From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by ERK Signal Inhibition
Authors: Kimura Tohru , Kaga Yoshiaki , Ohta Hiroshi , Odamoto Mika , Sekita Yoichi , Li Kunpeng , Yamano Noriko , Fujikawa Keita , Isotani Ayako , Sasaki Norihiko , Toyoda Masashi , Hayashi Katsuhiko , Okabe Masaru , Shinohara Takashi , Saitou Mitinori , Nakano Toru 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are embryonic germ cell precursors. Specification of PGCs occurs under the influence of mesodermal induction signaling during in vivo gastrulation. Although bone morphogenetic proteins and Wnt signaling play pivotal roles in both mesodermal and PGC specification, the signal regulating PGC specification remains unknown. Coculture of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with OP9 feeder cells induces mesodermal differentiation in vitro. Using this mesodermal differentiation system, we demonstrated that PGC-like cells were efficiently induced from mouse ESCs by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling inhibition. Inhibition of ERK signaling by a MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor upregulated germ cell marker genes but downregulated mesodermal genes. In addition, the PGC-like cells showed downregulation of DNA methylation and formed pluripotent stem cell colonies upon treatment with retinoic acid. These results show that inhibition of ERK signaling suppresses mesodermal differentiation but activates germline differentiation program in this mesodermal differentiation system. Our findings provide a new insight into the signaling networks regulating PGC specification. Stem Cells 2014;32:2668–2678
Culturing reality: How organic chemistry graduate students develop into practitioners
Authors: Bhattacharyya Gautam , Bodner George M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough one of the presumed aims of graduate training programs is to help students develop into practitioners of their chosen fields, very little is known about how this transition occurs. In the course of studying how graduate students learn to solve organic synthesis problems, we were able to identify some of the key factors in the epistemic development from student to practitioner. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with four first‐year organic chemistry graduate students enrolled in a course on organic synthesis and two third‐year organic chemistry graduate students who were in the process of preparing an original research proposal in organic synthesis as a component of their Ph.D. oral qualifying exams. Three interconnected factors that fostered the students' development into practicing organic chemists were identified: (1) the students needed to perceive the material they were asked to learn in the course lectures and in other interactions with the professor as “real;” (2) they needed to work on authentic activities that provided concrete instruments for knowledge construction; and (3) the students needed scaffolding with a more‐knowledgeable other in the form of feedback on the authentic activity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 51: 694–713, 2014
Development of porous silicon based direct methanol fuel cells with nitric acid as liquid oxidant for portable applications
Authors: Cross Tsali , Reiman Derek , D'Couto Chris 
Published: July 2014

Energy intensive applications for long running, portable power (0–200 W) military, first‐responder, and consumer electronics applications have driven the need for development of alternative energy sources such as direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC's). These methanol fuel cells can serve a large range of applications from portable applications for consumer, industrial and military applications, to distributed energy generation and storage. A new and unique approach to DMFC design has been developed by Neah Power Systems that uses a porous silicon, catalyst‐supporting electrode structure and circulating liquid fuel, electrolyte, and oxidant. Neah Power's silicon‐based architecture and use of liquid electrolyte creates a three dimensional reaction zone that is able to generate industry leading power densities of greater than 180 mW/cm2. Neah Power has demonstrated a portable, DMFC prototype from their ground‐breaking porous silicon‐based technology. The versatility of the architecture has been proven by operating the fuel cell using a variety of liquid and gaseous oxidants, as well as methanol and formic acid‐based fuels. This silicon‐based design can be manufactured using standard semiconductor processing techniques, and has the potential to deliver low‐cost, portable power systems exhibiting high energy density and reliable operation in a broad range of environmental conditions. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:189–195. doi: 10.1002/wene.127This article is categorized under:

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Energy Infrastructure > Science and Materials
Energy Systems Economics > Science and Materials
Reinvestigation and Characterization of the Magnesium Borate Fluoride Mg5(BO3)F
Authors: Bai Chunyan , Han Shujuan , Pan Shilie , Bian Qiang , Yang Zhihua , Zhang Xingwen , Lin Xiaoxia , Jing Qun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe magnesium borate fluoride Mg5(BO3)3F was grown by spontaneous crystallization with molten flux based on the MgF2‐LiF‐Na2CO3‐H3BO3 solvent. Structure solution from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction shows that the title compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62) with cell dimensions of a = 10.068(5) Å, b = 14.858(7) Å, c = 4.540(2) Å and Z = 4. Its structure features a three‐dimensional (3D) Mg‐O‐F framework composed of MgO5F and MgO6 polyhedra and isolated BO3 groups. The detailed structure comparison referred to Mg5(BO3)3F, Mg3BO3F3 and β‐Mg2BO3F was carried out. The infrared spectrum (IR) and the bond valence sum (BVS) calculations of Mg5(BO3)3F verify the validity of the structure. The calculated band structure and the density of states of Mg5(BO3)3F suggest that its indirect bandgap is 5.27 eV. The compound was additionally investigated by UV/Vis‐NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and thermal analysis.
A novel method for assessing postoperative femoral head reduction in developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Cooper Anthony , Evans Owain , Ali Farhan , Flowers Mark 
Published: July 2014

Purpose Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) affects approximately 1 % of live births. Dislocated hips require reduction and stabilisation in a spica cast, and reduction efficacy is assessed radiologically. Numerous measurements are used to ascertain the adequacy of reduction but can be inconsistent in evaluating femoral head position. This study describes the morphology of the developing acetabulum in DDH and validates a novel method to assess adequate reduction of the dysplastic hip following closed or open reduction. Methods A retrospective review was performed of 66 consecutive patients undergoing reduction of hip dislocation over a 2-year period. Three independent reviewers evaluated postoperative CT scans to assess anterior-posterior (AP) displacement and modified Shenton's line. Acetabular morphology was also assessed along with hip congruency using a described novel ‘posterior neck line’. Results Dislocated hips were successfully identified using the posterior neck line with a sensitivity of 0.71 and specificity of 0.88 giving a negative predictive value of 0.97. The interobserver reliability of this technique was higher in comparison against both (AP) displacement and modified Shenton's line. Conclusions We have shown a novel approach in assessing the acetabular morphology of DDH and a novel technique to accurately confirm the reduction of dislocated hips following open or closed reduction.