bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dating and substance use in adolescent peer networks: a replication and extension
Authors: Kreager Derek A. , Haynie Dana L. , Hopfer Suellen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimsThe current report examined associations between romantic partner, peer and individual substance use behaviors in a sample of American adolescents.DesignThe report used two waves of data (8th and 9th grades) from the Partnerships to Enhance Resilience (PROSPER) intervention project and focused on dating couples and their friends in 54 sampled school‐cohorts. Hierarchical logistic regression models examined the associations between friend, partner and friend‐of‐partner substance use and daters' future drinking and smoking.SettingSurveys administered in rural Pennsylvania and Iowa secondary schools.ParticipantsA total of 744 dating couples.MeasurementsStudent participants completed questionnaires that assessed substance use, background characteristics and dating and friend nominations. Friend, partner and friend‐of‐partner substance use were assessed at each wave directly from respective reports.FindingsConsistent with a bridging hypothesis, friends‐of‐partner drinking had a strong and independent association with subsequent drunkenness (b = 1.40, P < 0.01) and drinking (b = 0.82, P < 0.01) among daters, and these associations did not vary by gender. A similar association was not observed for smoking, where partner (b = 0.77, P < 0.01) and direct friends (b = 1.19, P < 0.05) smoking showed strong and significant associations with future smoking, but friends‐of‐partner smoking did not (b = −0.44, P > 0.10).ConclusionRomantic partner and peer behaviors have substantially different associations with adolescent drinking and smoking. Intervention efforts aimed at reducing teenage smoking should be aimed at proximal peer and romantic relationships, whereas interventions of teenage drinking should also include the wider circle of indirect friends.
The impact of quality of work life on job embeddedness and affective commitment and their co‐effect on turnover intention of nurses
Authors: Zhao XiaoWen , Sun Tao , Cao QiuRu , Li Ce , Duan XiaoJian , Fan LiHua , Liu Yan 
Published: September 2012

Aims and objectives.  To verify with empirical evidence the hypothesised relation and the effect of quality of work life, job embeddedness and affective commitment on turnover intention of clinical nurses in China.Background.  High turnover of the nursing workforce in healthcare organisations is a difficult and recurring problem in China as well as in many other countries in the world. It leads to great waste of resources and increases management cost. Developing and retaining the nursing workforce, which is a major challenge faced by human resources practitioners in hospitals and public health agencies, also becomes a subject of interest for management studies. Most of the literature about voluntary turnover focused on such traditional measures as job satisfaction and job alternatives in the past. The introduction of such new concepts as quality of work life, job embeddedness and affective commitment, which views the issue from a much broader and comprehensive spectrum, made a great breakthrough in the turnover study. In this study, we selected quality of work life, job embeddedness and affective commitment – three of the most important factors in employer–employee relations – and analysed the interaction between each one of them, as well as their co‐effect on turnover intention of Chinese nurses.Methods.  Cross‐sectional survey and structural equation modelling were applied in studying the self‐report questionnaires distributed to 1000 nurses employed in five large‐scale government‐owned hospitals in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China.Findings.  Our study confirmed the hypothesised positive relation of quality of work life with job embeddedness and affective commitment and the hypothesised negative relation of quality of work life with turnover intention, that is, high quality of work life perceived by the nurses enhances their job embeddedness and affective commitment and thus reduces their intention to leave the job.Conclusions.  The effect of quality of work life is positive on job embeddedness and affection commitment and negative on turnover intention.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurse managers should pay great attention to the nurses' perception of quality of work life, and make great efforts in developing strategies and projects that can strengthen the nurses' embeddedness or connection with the job.
Introducing the bio‐psycho‐social‐physical model of dementia through a collective case study design
Authors: Keady John , Jones Lesley , Ward Richard , Koch Susan , Swarbrick Caroline , Hellström Ingrid , Davies‐Quarrell Vivienne , Williams Sion 
Published: September 2012

Aims and objectivesTo provide evidence for the development of a physical domain attached to the well‐known bio‐psycho‐social model of dementia. The objectives were to develop a set of international case studies that followed a trajectory approach, from prevention to end‐of‐life care.BackgroundIn the UK the bio‐psycho‐social model has informed the shape of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and the Social Care Institute for Excellence ‘dementia’ guideline. However, limited attention has been paid to outlining and describing a physical domain of dementia, a discrepancy that informed the rationale for this study.DesignA collective case study design was used to address the research aim and objectives.MethodsCase studies from along the trajectory of dementia were provided by an international team of contributors from an inter‐disciplinary background comprising nursing (general and mental health), social work and social science.ResultsThe team's synthesis and analysis of the six case studies generated five repeating themes with each theme becoming components of a ‘physical’ domain of dementia. The five identified physical components were: (1) physical well‐being, (2) physical health and examination, (3) physical care, (4) physical treatment and (5) physical environment.ConclusionsThe development of a bio‐psycho‐social‐physical model of dementia presents a holistic and culturally sensitive approach to understanding the experience of living with dementia, and to providing care and support in a variety of situations and contexts.Relevance to clinical practiceThe physical domain of dementia has particular relevance to nursing and nursing practice, such as providing physical care at the end‐of‐life. The interplay between the biological‐psychological‐social‐physical domains of dementia and the trajectory of dementia could form the basis of clinical decision‐making and practice.
Fractional anisotropy distributions in 2‐ to 6‐year‐old children with autism
Authors: Cascio C. , Gribbin M. , Gouttard S. , Smith R. G. , Jomier M. , Field S. , Graves M. , Hazlett H. C. , Muller K. , Gerig G. , Piven J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground  Increasing evidence suggests that autism is a disorder of distributed neural networks that may exhibit abnormal developmental trajectories. Characterisation of white matter early in the developmental course of the disorder is critical to understanding these aberrant trajectories.Methods  A cross‐sectional study of 2‐ to 6‐year‐old children with autism was conducted using diffusion tensor imaging combined with a novel statistical approach employing fractional anisotropy distributions. Fifty‐eight children aged 18–79 months were imaged: 33 were diagnosed with autism, 8 with general developmental delay, and 17 were typically developing. Fractional anisotropy values within global white matter, cortical lobes and the cerebellum were measured and transformed to random F distributions for each subject. Each distribution of values for a region was summarised by estimating δ, the estimated mean and standard deviation of the approximating F for each distribution.Results  The estimated δ parameter, , was significantly decreased in individuals with autism compared to the combined control group. This was true in all cortical lobes, as well as in the cerebellum, but differences were most robust in the temporal lobe. Predicted developmental trajectories of across the age range in the sample showed patterns that partially distinguished the groups. Exploratory analyses suggested that the variability, rather than the central tendency, component of was the driving force behind these results.Conclusions  While preliminary, our results suggest white matter in young children with autism may be abnormally homogeneous, which may reflect poorly organised or differentiated pathways, particularly in the temporal lobe, which is important for social and emotional cognition.
Predictors of self‐injurious behaviour exhibited by individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Richman D. M. , Barnard‐Brak L. , Bosch A. , Thompson S. , Grubb L. , Abby L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundPresence of an autism spectrum disorder is a risk factor for development of self‐injurious behaviour (SIB) exhibited by individuals with developmental disorders. The most salient SIB risk factors historically studied within developmental disorders are level of intellectual disability, communication deficits and presence of specific genetic disorders. Recent SIB research has expanded the search for risk factors to include less commonly studied variables for people with developmental disorders: negative affect, hyperactivity and impulsivity.MethodA heterogeneous sample of 617 individuals with autism spectrum disorder diagnoses was derived from the National Database of Autism Research. Latent constructs were estimated from items of the community version of the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist. Structural equation modelling was used to assess whether impulsivity, hyperactivity, negative affect, severity of stereotypy, intellectual functioning or severity of autism symptoms predicted severity of SIB.ResultsImpulsivity (β = 0.46), followed by intellectual functioning (β = −0.39), and stereotypy (β = 0.23) were the variables most highly predictive of increased SIB; impulsivity and stereotypy remained significant predictors of SIB after severity of autism symptoms and intelligence quotient (IQ) were controlled for.ConclusionsHigh levels of impulsivity and stereotypy were significant predictors of SIB in a large and diverse sample of people with confirmed autism diagnoses. Future research is needed on the effects of reducing impulsivity and stereotypy on the outcomes of treatment, early intervention and attempts to prevent the development of SIB.
Functional diversity of Teleost arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase‐2: is the timezyme evolution driven by habitat temperature?
Authors: Cazaméa‐Catalan D. , Magnanou E. , Helland R. , Vanegas G. , Besseau L. , Boeuf G. , Paulin C. H. , Jørgensen E. H. , Falcón J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractArylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase‐2 (AANAT2) is the enzyme responsible for the rhythmic production of the time‐keeping hormone melatonin. It plays a crucial role in the synchronization of biological functions with changes in the environment. Annual and daily fluctuations in light are known to be key environmental factors involved in such synchronization. Previous studies have demonstrated that AANAT2 activity is also markedly influenced by temperature but the mechanisms through which it impacts the enzyme activity need to be further deciphered. We investigated AANAT2 primary to tertiary structures (3D models) and kinetics in relation to temperature for a variety of Teleost species from tropical to Arctic environments. The results extend our knowledge on the catalytic mechanisms of AANAT enzymes and bring strong support to the idea that AANAT2 diversification was limited by stabilizing selection conferring to the enzyme well conserved secondary and tertiary structures. Only a few changes in amino acids appeared sufficient to induce different enzyme activity patterns. It is concluded that AANAT2 evolution is mainly driven by phylogenetic relationships although catalytic properties (enzyme turnover and substrate affinity) are also under the influence of the respective species normal habitat temperature.
Association between obesity measured by different parameters and severity of psoriasis
Authors: Duarte Gleison Vieira , Oliveira Maria de Fatima S. P. , Cardoso Thiago M. , Follador Ivonise , Silva Thadeu S. , Cavalheiro Carolina M. A. , Nonato Walker , Carvalho Edgar M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground  Obesity has been associated with the severity of psoriasis, but this relationship is not completely understood.Objectives  This study aimed to evaluate associations between the severity of psoriasis and weight excess as determined using a variety of parameters.Methods  A cross‐sectional study was performed in 296 psoriasis patients. Their body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist : hip ratio (WHR) values were compared with results on a psoriasis area severity index (PASI).Results  The frequency of severe psoriasis was higher in men (P < 0.05). Direct correlations were established between PASI scores and each of BMI (R = 0.0154, P = 0.01), WC (R = 0.207, P = 0.001), and WHR (R = 0.164, P = 0.007).Conclusions  This study extends previous reports of an association between psoriasis and obesity and shows a direct correlation between obesity as measured according to different parameters and psoriasis severity.
Improvement in onychomycosis after initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Moreno‐Coutiño Gabriela , Arenas Roberto , Reyes‐Terán Gustavo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground  Onychomycosis is frequent in patients with late and advanced HIV disease; immunocompromised patients may develop atypical clinical presentations that can be difficult to control. Current treatment for onychomycosis is based on the prolonged administration of antifungal therapies that may have significant interactions with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). An improvement in certain HIV‐associated opportunistic infections has been associated with initiation of cART.Objectives  The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of cART on the outcome of onychomycosis in HIV‐infected patients.Methods  HIV‐infected patients with dermatologic lesions attending the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases were asked to undergo physical examination. Detailed clinical histories were recorded. Routine laboratory tests, CD4 T cell count, and HIV viral load were performed. Onychomycosis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical appearance. Nail scrapings were collected from toenails and fingernails. Specimens were analyzed using direct microscopy. Nail changes after cART initiation were assessed by clinical examination.Results  Improvement in onychomycosis was observed in six patients with late and advanced HIV disease after initiation of cART. Complete resolution of onychomycosis was observed in one patient without the use of antifungal therapy; one patient required topical antifungal treatment, and two patients required systemic antifungal treatment to achieve complete resolution.Conclusions  Onychomycosis should be included in the group of pathologies that improve with cART‐induced immune reconstitution. The pathogenesis of onychomycosis in HIV disease warrants investigation in the context of cell‐mediated immunity restoration.
Severe infliximab‐induced psoriasis treated with adalimumab switching
Authors: Faillace César , Duarte Gleison Vieira , Cunha Rosângela Santos , de Carvalho Jozélio Freire 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground  Antitumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) agents are a well‐established treatment for various medical conditions, including psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. However, anti‐TNF agents may themselves induce psoriasis in some patients.Methods  The authors report two cases of patients with severe and refractory infliximab‐induced psoriasis.Results  The patients had good clinical responses after switching to another TNF blocker.Conclusion  For severe cases, infliximab withdrawal combined with conventional immunosuppressive psoriasis drugs or with adalimumab may be a therapeutic option.
A review of applications of tea tree oil in dermatology
Authors: Pazyar Nader , Yaghoobi Reza , Bagherani Nooshin , Kazerouni Afshin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTea tree oil (TTO) is an essential oil, steam‐distilled from the Australian native plant, Melaleuca alternifolia. It has a minimum content of terpinen‐4‐ol and a maximum content of 1, 8‐cineole. Terpinen‐4‐ol is a major TTO component which exhibits strong antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory properties. Tea tree oil exerts antioxidant activity and has been reported to have broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal infections affecting skin and mucosa. Several studies have suggested the uses of TTO for the treatment of acne vulgaris, seborrheic dermatitis, and chronic gingivitis. It also accelerates the wound healing process and exhibits anti‐skin cancer activity. This review opens up new horizons for dermatologists in the use of this herbal agent.
Isotretinoin treatment in nodulocystic acne with and without polycystic ovary syndrome: efficacy and determinants of relapse
Authors: Cakir Gul Aslihan , Erdogan Fatma Gulru , Gurler Aysel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground  Isotretinoin is the most efficacious long‐lasting treatment for acne; however, some factors, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), patient age, family history, and type and number of acne lesions, may lead to treatment resistance or relapse following treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and permanence of systemic isotretinoin (SI) in nodulocystic acne patients with and without PCOS and to evaluate the factors associated with relapse during the first and second post‐treatment years.Methods and Materials  The study included 96 female patients with nodulocystic acne. SI 0.5‐1 mg/kg/dl was given, with a total cumulative dose of 120–150 mg/kg. Response to treatment and relapse during the first and second post‐treatment years were evaluated.Results  In all, the 50 non‐PCOS and 46 PCOS acne patients were similar. SI was similarly efficacious in both groups. In total, eight patients relapsed during the first post‐treatment year, versus 16 during the second. Relapse during the first year was associated with the number of nodules at the start of treatment and the number of papulopustular lesions at the end of treatment, whereas PCOS, patient age, and the number of nodules at the start of treatment were associated relapse during the second year.Conclusion  Regardless of its association with PCOS, SI was effective in the treatment of nodulocystic acne. The factors associated with relapse during the 1st and 2nd post‐treatment years differed, except for the number of nodules at the start of treatment.
Acute kidney injury in intensive care units according to RIFLE classification: a population‐based study
Authors: SIGURDSSON M. I. , VESTEINSDOTTIR I. O. , SIGVALDASON K. , HELGADOTTIR S. , INDRIDASON O. S. , SIGURDSSON G. H. 
Published: September 2012

IntroductionRecent studies of the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) are largely based on estimated baseline serum creatinine values. The aim of this study was to more accurately determine the incidence of AKI using the RIFLE criteria for intensive care unit (ICU) patients of a whole population.Materials and methodsAll adult patients admitted to the ICUs of Landspitali – The National University Hospital of Iceland in 2007 (n = 1026) were studied with meticulous search for baseline creatinine. The underlying risk factors and contributing causes for AKI were defined, and survival and ratio of end‐stage renal failure evaluated.ResultsA measured baseline creatinine value was found for all but two patients with AKI. The incidence of AKI according to RIFLE criteria was 21.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 19.0–24.1%], with 7.1% (95 CI: 5.6–8.9%), 6.8% (95 CI: 5.3–8.5%) and 7.8% (95 CI: 6.2–9.6%) in the risk, injury and failure subgroups. Using estimated baseline creatinine overestimated the incidence of AKI by 3.5%. The sensitivity and specificity of the RIFLE criteria using estimated baseline creatinine were 76% and 95%. Renal replacement therapy was required for 17% of the AKI patients. One year survival of AKI patients was 51%, but only 2.5% of patients surviving 90 days required chronic renal replacement therapy.ConclusionsThe incidence of AKI in the ICU was lower than previously published, perhaps due to overestimation of AKI using estimated baseline creatinine or bias from tertiary referrals. AKI patients have high mortality, but the survivors have a low incidence of end‐stage renal failure.
Gender differences in risk factors for airway symptoms following tracheal intubation
Authors: JAENSSON M. , GUPTA A. , NILSSON U. G. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundA common complaint after endotracheal intubation is sore throat and hoarseness. The aim of this study was to describe gender differences and independent risk factors in the development of post‐operative sore throat and hoarseness after endotracheal intubation in adults.MethodsThis prospective cross‐sectional observational study was conducted at a university hospital in Sweden. A total of 495 patients were included (203 men and 292 women) and enrolled from a total of eight different surgical departments. Outcome variables were post‐operative sore throat and hoarseness evaluated post‐operatively in the post‐anaesthesia care unit. A total of 31 variables were recorded which described the intubation process, intraoperative factors as well as the extubation process. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsThe overall incidence of post‐operative sore throat was 35% and hoarseness 59%. The results show different predictors for men and women in the development of airway symptoms. The main risk factor for developing sore throat in men was intubation by personnel with < 3 months' work experience. In women, it was endotracheal tube size 7.0 and multiple laryngoscopies during intubation. The main risk factors for hoarseness were cuff pressure for both men and women, and oesophageal temperature probe in women.ConclusionPost‐operative sore throat and hoarseness result from several factors, and the cause of these symptoms are multifactorial and differs by gender. Identification of these factors pre‐operatively may increase awareness among anaesthesia personnel and possibly reduce the incidence of these minor but distressing symptoms.
An International Reference Reagent for the detection of anti‐human neutrophil antigen‐1a
Authors: Metcalfe P. , Rigsby P. , Pearson H. , Lucas G. 
Published: September 2012

Background and Objectives  Testing for neutrophil antibodies has become more common as awareness of transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) has increased. However, unlike other areas of blood cell antibody testing, there are no certified reference reagents available with which laboratories can determine the sensitivity of detection of their assays. This report describes the production and evaluation of a freeze‐dried preparation of human plasma, code 09/284, containing anti‐human neutrophil antigen‐1a (anti‐HNA‐1a) for use as a minimum sensitivity reagent.Materials and Methods  One‐millilitre of aliquots of plasma containing anti‐HNA‐1a were freeze‐dried in glass ampoules. To characterize the material, 24 laboratories took part in an international collaborative study. The participants evaluated doubling dilutions of the material using their in‐house routine assays and recorded the highest dilution in which the antibody could be detected.Results  When diluted 1 in 4, most laboratories were able to detect the anti‐HNA‐1a in the material, and the participants agreed that this was an appropriate level to set as the minimum sensitivity required.Conclusions  In October 2011, the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization approved the material 09/284 as an International Reference Reagent for the detection of anti‐HNA‐1a.