bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying and explaining resilience in ecological networks
Authors: Jeynes‐Smith Cailan , Bode Michael , Araujo Robyn P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResilient ecological systems are more likely to persist and function in the Anthropocene. Current methods for estimating an ecosystem's resilience rely on accurately parameterized ecosystem models, which is a significant empirical challenge. In this paper, we adapt tools from biochemical kinetics to identify ecological networks that exhibit ‘structural resilience’, a strong form of resilience that is solely a property of the network structure and is independent of model parameters. We undertake an exhaustive search for structural resilience across all three‐species ecological networks, under a generalized Lotka‐Volterra modelling framework. Out of 20,000 possible network structures, approximately 2% display structural resilience. The properties of these networks provide important insights into the mechanisms that could promote resilience in ecosystems, provide new theoretical avenues for qualitative modelling approaches and provide a foundation for identifying robust forms of ecological resilience in large, realistic ecological networks.
The complex effects of modern oncogenic environments on the fitness, evolution and conservation of wildlife species
Authors: Dujon Antoine M. , Ujvari Beata , Tissot Sophie , Meliani Jordan , Rieu Océane , Stepanskyy Nikita , Hamede Rodrigo , Tokolyi Jácint , Nedelcu Aurora , Thomas Frédéric 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGrowing evidence indicates that human activities are causing cancer rates to rise in both human and wildlife populations. This is due to the inability of ancestral anti‐cancer defences to cope with modern environmental risks. The evolutionary mismatch between modern oncogenic risks and evolved cancer defences has far‐reaching effects on various biological aspects at different timeframes, demanding a comprehensive study of the biology and evolutionary ecology of the affected species. Firstly, the increased activation of anti‐cancer defences leads to excessive energy expenditure, affecting other biological functions and potentially causing health issues like autoimmune diseases. Secondly, tumorigenesis itself can impact important fitness‐related parameters such as competitiveness, predator evasion, resistance to parasites, and dispersal capacity. Thirdly, rising cancer risks can influence the species' life‐history traits, often favoring early reproduction to offset fitness costs associated with cancer. However, this strategy has its limits, and it may not ensure the sustainability of the species if cancer risks continue to rise. Lastly, some species may evolve additional anti‐cancer defences, with uncertain consequences for their biology and future evolutionary path. In summary, we argue that the effects of increased exposure to cancer‐causing substances on wildlife are complex, ranging from immediate responses to long‐term evolutionary changes. Understanding these processes, especially in the context of conservation biology, is urgently needed.
Caregivers of individuals with borderline personality disorder: The relationship between leading caregiver interventions and psychological distress/positive mental well‐being
Authors: Hayes Aoife , Courey Lynn , Kells Mary , Hyndman Doreen , Dempsey Maria , Murphy Mike 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBurden and psychological distress are higher in informal caregivers (ICs) of people with severe emotional and behavior dysregulation who have been given a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) compared with non‐caregivers. The current cross‐sectional study examines the difference in outcomes of ICs of people with BPD who have received the intervention Family Connections (FC) and who also led interventions for other caregivers (caregiver‐leaders) compared with those who have attended FC but not led caregiver interventions (non‐leader‐FC participants). The sample for this research is from a larger study (Hayes et al., 2023, Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 10, 31). Data for 347 participants who self‐reported receiving FC and completed the McLean Screening Instrument for BPD‐Carer Version, the Brief COPE, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Kessler Psychological Distress scale, the WHO‐5 Well‐being Index, and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale were analyzed. The results found that being a caregiver‐leader was associated with higher positive mental well‐being and lower psychological distress compared with non‐leader‐FC participants. Being a caregiver‐leader was also associated with significantly greater use of the coping strategy of positive reframing and lower use of behavioral disengagement and self‐blame than non‐leader‐FC participants. The study provides preliminary evidence that for those who have received FC, becoming an intervention leader is associated with better outcomes than caregivers who do not become leaders and provides support for caregiver‐led rollout of FC across services.
Mineral supplementation in patients with frailty and sarcopenia—a systematic review
Authors: Ogawa Masato , Sato Yoichi , Nagano Fumihiko , Yoshimura Yoshihiro , Kuzuya Masafumi 
Published: August 2024

AimAddressing sarcopenia and frailty in aging populations is crucial for enhancing quality of life and reducing healthcare dependence. While the importance of energy, protein, and amino acid supplementation is known, the role of minerals needs further exploration. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of these minerals in managing sarcopenia and frailty.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and Ichu‐shi Web from January 2000 to March 2023. Studies were selected if they were interventional or observational, focused on individuals with frailty or sarcopenia who were aged 65 or older, and involved mineral supplementation. The risk of bias in these studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool.ResultsOf the 615 studies identified, seven met the inclusion criteria. These studies mainly focused on the effects of combined nutrient supplements, with few focusing on individual minerals. The findings were mixed, demonstrating some improvements in muscle strength, activity of daily living, and cognitive functions. Notably, minerals appeared to offer benefits as part of multi‐nutrient interventions, especially for cognitive and immune health, but had limited impact on muscle mass or strength when used alone. The limited number and variable outcomes of studies precluded a feasible meta‐analysis.ConclusionsThe effect of mineral supplementation on sarcopenia and frailty remains uncertain, suggesting a need for tailored nutritional strategies. Future studies should aim for well‐designed clinical trials in order to gain a better understanding of the roles of minerals in improving muscle health and functional outcomes, leading to clearer recommendations for clinical practice. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 850–858.
Association between serum vitamin D levels and skeletal muscle indices in an older Japanese population: The SONIC study
Authors: Onishi Yuri , Akasaka Hiroshi , Hatta Kodai , Terashima Ken , Yoshida Shino , Yasunobe Yukiko , Fujimoto Taku , Isaka Masaaki , Godai Kayo , Kido Michiko , Kabayama Mai , Sugimoto Ken , Masui Yukie , Matsumoto Kiyoaki , Yasumoto Saori , Ogawa Madoka , Nakagawa Takeshi , Arai Yasumichi , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Gondo Yasuyuki , Ikebe Kazunori , Kamide Kei , Yamamoto Koichi 
Published: August 2024

AimVitamin D (VD) affects skeletal muscles. The high prevalence of VD deficiency in Japan may lead to decreased skeletal muscle mass and strength, increasing the prevalence of sarcopenia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between serum VD levels and skeletal muscle indices in a Japanese community‐dwelling older population.MethodsWe extracted data from the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study. We analyzed the data for participants in the 70s and 90s age groups. Skeletal mass index (SMI) using bioimpedance analysis, grip strength, walking speed, and serum VD levels using 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured.ResultsWe analyzed the data of 310 participants in their 70s and 48 in their 90s. Mean serum 25(OH)D levels were 21.6 ± 5.0 ng/mL in the 70s group and 23.4 ± 9.1 ng/mL in the 90s group. In the 70s group, serum 25(OH)D levels correlated with SMI (r = 0.21, P < 0.0001) and grip strength (r = 0.30, P < 0.0001). Serum 25(OH)D levels were independently associated with SMI after adjusting for sex, body mass index, and serum albumin levels. In the 90s group, serum 25(OH)D levels were correlated with SMI (r = 0.29, P = 0.049) and grip strength (r = 0.34, P = 0.018). However, the multivariate analysis showed no independent association between SMI, grip strength, and serum 25(OH)D levels.ConclusionIn a cross‐sectional analysis of an older population, serum VD levels were associated with SMI and grip strength, and this association was more pronounced in the 70s group than in the 90s group. Our results suggest that serum VD levels maintain skeletal muscle mass and grip strength. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 898–903.
Efficacy and safety of azathioprine versus mycophenolate mofetil in chronic actinic dermatitis in skin of color: results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Handa Sanjeev , Mehta Hitaishi , Bishnoi Anuradha , Raj Dinesh , De Dipankar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionChronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) is an immunologically mediated photodermatosis that has been effectively treated with azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in uncontrolled studies. We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy and safety of azathioprine and MMF in CAD treatment, aiming to address existing evidence gaps.Materials and methodsConsecutive CAD patients were randomized into two groups: azathioprine (Group A) or MMF (Group B) for 12 weeks. Primary outcomes included Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) at baseline and Week 12. Secondary outcomes included various clinicodemographic factors predictive of treatment response, defined at least a 75% reduction in EASI score (EASI75) by Week 12.ResultsThe median (IQR) percentage reduction in EASI at 12 weeks was higher in Group B than in Group A [78.3% (75.0–83.30%) vs. 68.3% (31.2–80.10%), P = 0.034]. Baseline DLQI scores indicated a moderate impact on quality of life, with significant reductions by Week 12 in both groups and no intergroup differences at baseline (P = 0.291) or Week 12 (P = 0.599). Overall, 23 patients were classified as non‐responders, with more extended illness duration (P = 0.026) and outdoor occupations (P = 0.042) associated with poorer responses. Adverse effects were consistent with known profiles, with one patient discontinuing azathioprine due to hypersensitivity.ConclusionOur study highlights the efficacy and safety of azathioprine and MMF in CAD treatment, with MMF showing superior outcomes. However, further research is warranted to explore emerging therapies and prognostic factors in CAD management.
Recent developments in the application of alternative sterilisation technologies to meat products: A review
Authors: Huang Yan‐yan , Yao Qing‐bo , Ye Ting‐ting , Jia Xiang‐ze , Cao Shi‐lin , Fan Tu‐gui , Wang Lang‐hong , Zeng Xin‐An 
Published: August 2024

SummaryMeat is widely regarded as the optimal source of protein for human consumption. However, meat is susceptible to spoilage and microbial contamination throughout processing, transportation and storage stages. Traditional thermal processing techniques are commonly employed in the global meat industry. While these methods ensure microbiological safety, they may also impact the sensory and functional attributes of meat products. To address these limitations, non‐thermal processing technologies are progressively replacing conventional thermal approaches. This review will primarily focus on the potential application of non‐thermal processing technologies as alternatives to traditional methods in meat and meat product processing. Various technologies exhibiting promising performance in this field will be presented. Additionally, the mechanisms, advantages and limitations of these non‐thermal technologies in recent years will be summarised, along with a discussion on the challenges and prospects they present. This study provides an overview of non‐thermal processing technology specifically applied to meat products, emphasising the underlying mechanisms associated with different approaches. By employing diverse technical combinations, it is possible to address existing processing limitations and expand their applicability range. Non‐thermal processing technology demonstrates significant potential for enhancing meat processing practices; however, concerns regarding safety aspects and limited clinical verification about to environmental pollution have impeded its widespread adoption within the food industry.
Physicochemical and sensory properties of vegan ice cream using upcycled Aquasoya powder
Authors: Hwang Su‐Yeong , Yu Jing‐Chao , Shin Weon‐Sun 
Published: August 2024

SummaryAquasoya (AS) powder arouses great interest as a cost‐effective vegan ingredient. In our study, AS was used to develop vegan ice cream products. Different total solid content (TSC) (31%, 33%, 35%, 37%, and 39% w/w) of ice cream mix was changed by the addition of AS powder. pH, emulsion properties, brix, colour, viscosity, overrun, melting properties, texture profile analysis (TPA), and sensory evaluations were investigated. The pH of each AS (31%, 33%, 35%, 37%, 39%) ice cream mix sample was 5.70–5.81, with no significant variance in AS content. Notably, the 39% AS led to higher Brix and viscosity scores. Moreover, the highest overrun in AS ice cream was observed in the sample containing 39% TSC. In contrast, the 31%, 33%, and 35% samples exhibited lower viscosities. However, the 37% and 39% samples displayed higher viscosities, leading to a longer‐lasting appearance. Regarding sensory evaluation, the 39% sample received the highest ratings for overall taste intensity, colour, smell, bean smell, flavour, taste, astringency, and bitterness. However, it scored the lowest for sweetness, softness, and melting degree. Generally, a higher AS content corresponds to stronger overall characteristics. Additionally, acceptance evaluations showed that panels tended to favour ice cream with lower AS content. All these findings suggest that AS ice cream could be potentially developed using vegan ingredients, offering enhanced nutritional and sensory attributes while serving as an effective emulsifier.
Understanding the relationship between limited neighbourhood food access and health outcomes of children with obesity
Authors: Andres Unai Miguel , Mansker Beau L. , Suttles Shellye , Naramore Sara K. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryBackgroundChildhood obesity is a growing worldwide epidemic that requires a biopsychosocial treatment approach to achieve a healthy lifestyle. This study on children in a weight management program examines the relationship between obesity, disease complications, and social determinants of health. We expect that children with higher degrees of obesity are more likely to live in areas lacking access to healthy food and have similar behavioural and socioeconomic characteristics.MethodsProgram participants were identified by neighbourhood food access status based on their home address. The prevalence of comorbidities in the participants was analyzed according to neighbourhood food accessibility. Multivariate regressions evaluated the association between participants' health outcomes and their sociodemographic and geographical characteristics.ResultsA total of 283 (98.3%) participants had a BMI ≥95th percentile for their age and sex and 68 (23.6%) lived in neighbourhoods with limited food access. Almost a third (Adj. R2 = 0.3302; p < 0.01) of the variability in study population's BMI was driven by sociodemographic factors, self‐reported eating and physical activity behaviours, and had a positive relationship with access to healthy food. Nonetheless, HbA1c had a negative relationship with access to healthy food given the limited variation in the sample of participants with HbA1c levels indicating diabetes.ConclusionChildren living in neighbourhoods with limited food access had higher BMIs than other program participants. Thus, it is critical to identify children with limited neighbourhood food accessibility and promote societal and legislative change to improve access to healthy food.
Location‐specific diagnostic efficiency of photodynamic diagnosis‐guided biopsy in bladder mapping biopsies
Authors: Nakamura Yuki , Ishikawa Yudai , Kobayashi Masaki , Fujiwara Motohiro , Fan Bo , Fukuda Shohei , Waseda Yuma , Tanaka Hajime , Yoshida Soichiro , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundPhotodynamic diagnosis (PDD)‐assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) has emerged as a promising complementary tool to white light (WL) cystoscopy, potentially improving cancer detection and replacing conventional mapping biopsies. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of PDD by anatomical locations in mapping biopsies through lesion‐based analysis.MethodsPDD and WL findings were prospectively recorded in 102 patients undergoing mapping biopsies and PDD‐assisted TURBT using oral 5‐aminolevulinic acid. We evaluated 673 specimens collected from flat tumor or normal‐looking lesions on WL cystoscopy, after excluding 98 specimens collected from papillary or nodular tumors.ResultsAmong the 673 lesions, cancer was detected in 110 (16%) by lesion‐based analysis. PDD demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity (65.5% vs. 46.4%, p < 0.001) and negative predictive value (92.5% vs. 89.5%, p < 0.001) compared to WL. The sensitivity of PDD findings varied by location: posterior (100%), right (78.6%), dome (73.3%), left (70.6%), trigone (58.8%), bladder neck (41.7%), anterior (40.0%), and prostatic urethra (25.0%). Incorporating targeted biopsies of specific locations (bladder neck, anterior, and prostatic urethra) into the PDD‐guided biopsies, regardless of PDD findings, significantly increased the overall sensitivity from 65.5% to 82.7% (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThis study first demonstrated the detection rate of location‐specific mapping biopsies using PDD, revealing difficulties in accuracy assessment in areas susceptible to tangential fluorescence. While PDD‐guided biopsy improves cancer detection compared to WL cystoscopy even for flat tumors or normal‐looking lesions, more careful decisions, including mapping biopsies, may be beneficial for an assessment in these tangential areas.
Healthcare Professional Perspectives on the Impact of the Physical Health Nurse Consultant
Authors: Tabvuma Tracy , Stanton Robert , Huang Ya‐Ling , Happell Brenda 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTEarly mortality experienced by people living with mental health issues (hereon termed consumers) is largely preventable. Healthcare professionals perceive healthcare system inadequacies such as diagnostic overshadowing, stigma and fragmentation of physical and mental healthcare services can be resolved through effective integration approaches. Service‐ and individual‐level integration approaches involve multidisciplinary teams collaborating and coordinating care to holistically meet consumers' physical and mental health needs. Evidence suggests appropriately trained healthcare professionals can deliver effective integrated treatment without financial or organisational restructuring. Specialist nursing positions such as Physical Health Nurse Consultants can support and integrate physical and mental health care. Consumers report the Physical Health Nurse Consultant as providing dedicated, integrated, coordinated and holistic mental and physical health care. This study aimed to explore the Physical Health Nurse Consultant role from the perspectives of healthcare professionals. A qualitative exploratory study design was used. Fourteen healthcare professionals participated in individual interviews or focus groups. Interview recordings were transcribed, and thematically analysed. Three themes were identified: (i) role functions, including integration of physical and mental health care, (ii) impact on consumer physical health outcomes and (iii) impact on service delivery. Healthcare professionals perceive the Physical Health Nurse Consultant effectively integrates physical and mental health care and subsequently support the continuation and embedding of the role in routine practice. Future research is required to explore healthcare professionals' experiences and perceptions of how these roles be translated to routine clinical practice. Examining the professional development requirements, service provider constraints and economic implication to achieve these outcomes also warrants attention.
Cross‐sectional and Mendelian randomization study of fibroblast growth factor 19 reveals causal associations with metabolic diseases
Authors: Li Yan , Dai Changyong , Yang Haiqing , Zeng Huang , Ruan Yuhua , Dai Mingjia , Hao Jungui , Wang Liping , Yan Xuebing , Ji Fang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimFibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is an intestinal‐derived factor that plays a role in metabolic diseases. We performed a differential study of circulating FGF19 levels and investigated the causal effects of FGF19 on metabolic diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsFirstly, 958 subjects were included in the physical examination center of affiliated hospital from January 2019 to January 2021. Dividing the subjects into different subgroups to compare FGF19 levels. We conducted a two‐sample MR analysis of genetically predicted circulating FGF19 in relation to alcohol, cardiovascular and metabolic biomarkers and diseases, and liver function biomarkers using publicly available genome‐wide association study summary statistics data.ResultsThe circulating FGF19 levels in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients were lower than those without NAFLD (P < 0.001). The FGF19 levels in participants with obese were lower than those without obese (P < 0.001). In two‐sample MR analyses, genetically predicted higher circulating FGF19 levels was significantly associated with lower aspartate aminotransferase, γ‐glutamyltransferase, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, and C‐reactive protein concentrations (P < 0.05) and a negative correlation with cardiovascular disease and cirrhosis whereas a positive association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur study found that circulating FGF19 levels were lower in NAFLD and obese populations. Additionally, our MR research results support the causal effects of FGF19 on improved liver function, lipids, and reduced the occurrence of inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cirrhosis. We found a positive correlation with diabetes, which may indicate a compensatory increase in regulating above FGF19 resistance states in humans.