bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
India and Its South Asian Neighbours
Authors: Malone David M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This chapter analyses India’s relations with its immediate neighbours other than China. It first lays out a sense of how India’s approach to its neighbours has evolved over the past two decades. It then suggests that India’s approach to its neighbours is both too often reactive and at times quite dismissive, but the country has been trying much harder in recent years to accommodate and tolerate neighbourly differences. India’s regional rivalry with China as played out in countries abutting India is also discussed.
India–USA Relations
Authors: Malone David M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This chapter traces the evolution of the relationship between India and the United States, from the early years of the Indian republic through to the new millennium. That a fundamental shift has occurred during the past decade is clear and this shift is explored in terms of its motivation and timing, attempting to locate its causes. The analysis rests on a combination of international, regional, and domestic factors that operated jointly to usher in the modern era of India-US relations.
The Changing Character of War
Authors: Gat Azar 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This chapter discusses the changes affecting war today and considers the broader historical processes from which these changes arise. Some of these processes in fact go back quite far in time — only to have become more entrenched and prominent today — while others are more recent. Three of these broad historical processes are set out as a framework for the discussion: modernization, democratization, and technological innovation.
The ‘New Wars’ Thesis Revisited
Authors: Berdal Mats 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the so-called ‘new wars’ that emerged in the late twentieth century. It examines the proposition that contemporary wars are ‘substantively distinct’ from older patterns of armed conflict and, as such, the ‘new wars’ reflect a new reality. Two related aspects to this general proposition are considered. The first concerns the idea of a historical disjunction between ‘old’ and ‘new’ wars and the accompanying argument that links the emergence of ‘new wars’ to two fundamental processes of change: globalization in the late twentieth century and the end of the Cold War. The second aspect concerns the actual features of the ‘new wars’ and the way in which ‘they differ from earlier wars in terms of their goals, the methods of warfare, and how they are financed’. The most interesting of these relates to the economic underpinnings of contemporary intra-state armed conflicts.
Humanitarian Intervention
Authors: Trim D. J. B. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This chapter examines military humanitarian interventions spurred by concerns about ‘crimes against humanity’ or ‘mass atrocity crimes’. It begins by discussing early-modern precedents of intervention, in theory and practice. It then considers the treaties of Westphalia (1648) and argues that they did not establish a norm of non-intervention, based on modern concepts of state sovereignty. It looks at humanitarian intervention in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, including the advent of the term ‘humanitarian intervention’ into the jargon of statesmen and lawyers. It surveys both the concept of intervention and actual interventions from the League of Nations to the present day.
The European Union, Multilateralism, and the Use of Force
Authors: Deighton Anne 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This chapter examines the EU’s development of its Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). It first looks at how European states reacted to mechanisms proposed in the League of Nations and the United Nations charters to deal collectively, using force if necessary, with breaches of charter norms. It then explains how the EU as a multilateral institution has developed since the end of the Cold War. The chapter concludes with some observations on the possible implications of this shift towards what has been called the militarization of the EU, and the interaction between this change and the new post-Cold War global discourse on the broadening of security.
Robots at War
Authors: Singer P W. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Unmanned systems are being used in almost every realm of war, moving more and more soldiers out of danger and allowing their enemies to be targeted with increasing precision. They are also changing the experience of war itself, leading some of the first generation of soldiers working with robots to worry that war waged by remote control from distant locations will come to seem too easy, too tempting. This chapter discusses the development of robot systems; robotic advantages; the human role in war given the increasing use of robots; and whether human warriors will eventually be rendered obsolete. Robotics offers the public and their leaders the lure of riskless warfare. However, wars are never simple. They are by their very nature complex, messy, and unpredictable. And this will remain the case even as unmanned systems increasingly substitute for humans.
Morality and Law in War
Authors: Rodin David 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The just war theory provides an account of rights and duties in war. At its heart lies a distinction between two sets of rules. The jus ad bellum provides a set of conditions under which going to war is deemed just. The jus in bello provides a set of conditions for just conduct in war. This chapter discusses the three challenges to just war theory and the responses to the three challenges.
The Return of Realism? War and Changing Concepts of the Political
Authors: Owens Patricia 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This chapter examines a form of political realism whose intellectual standing improved under the administration of George W. Bush. Specifically, a strand of the authoritarian German jurist, Carl Schmitt’s version of political ‘decisionism’, which is said to correlate with the Bush administration’s claims about executive authority and state sovereignty. The chapter first sets out what many have described as the ‘decisionist’ basis of the Bush administration’s legal revisionism and its interpretation of the normative order more generally. It then discusses German-American political theorist Hannah Arendt’s rejection of both Schmitt’s ‘decisionism’ and liberal constitutional rationalism in favour of a different understanding of law.
Strategy in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Strachan Hew 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This chapter analyses the development of strategic theory in the twenty-first century. Strategic studies today have been divorced from the historical roots in which it first flourished. The challenge for historians is to identify continuity and to use that as the bedrock from which to determine what is really new, as opposed to what merely seems to be new, to distinguish the revolutionary and the evolutionary from the evanescent and ephemeral.
Exploring privacy and trust for employee monitoring
Authors: Chang Shuchih Ernest , Liu Anne Yenching , Lin Sungmin 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate privacy boundaries and explores employees’ reactions in employee monitoring.Design/methodology/approach– The research used the metaphor of boundary turbulence in the Communication Privacy Management (CPM) theory to demonstrate the psychological effect on employees. The model comprised organizational culture, CPM, trust, and employee performance in employee monitoring to further investigated the influence exerted by organizational culture and how employees viewed their trust within the organization when implementing employee monitoring. Variables were measured empirically by administrating questionnaires to full-time employees in organizations that currently practice employee monitoring.Findings– The findings showed that a control-oriented organizational culture raised communication privacy turbulence in CPM. The communication privacy turbulence in CPM mostly had negative effects on trust in employee monitoring policy, but not on trust in employee monitoring members. Both trust in employee monitoring policy and trust in employee monitoring members had positive effects on employee commitment and compliance to employee monitoring.Research limitations/implications– This research applied the CPM theory in workplace privacy to explore the relationship between employees’ privacy and trust. The results provide insights of why employees feel psychological resistance when they are forced to accept the practice of employee monitoring. In addition, this study explored the relationship between CPM and trust, and offer support and verification to prior studies.Practical implications– For practitioners, the findings help organizations to improve the performance of their employees and to design a more effective environment for employee monitoring.Originality/value– A research model was proposed to study the impacts of CPM on employee monitoring, after a broad survey on related researches. The validated model and its corresponding study results can be referenced by organization managers and decision makers to make favorable tactics for achieving their goals of implementing employee monitoring.
How does performance history impact supplier selection in public sector?
Authors: Mamavi Olivier , Nagati Haithem , Pache Gilles , Wehrle Frederick T. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study if the performance history impacts supplier selection in the French public sector context. While French public procurement legislation forbids consideration of the past contract wins in supplier selection, public contractors may still rely on contract win history for highly complex transactions.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using French Official Journals (BOAMP), the authors collected all public procurement transactions of 976 suppliers that had at least one transaction per year, over a period of six years (between 2006 and 2011). The authors conducted a two-level hierarchical linear auto-regression analysis and a feature evaluation analysis for all transactions.

Findings
– The paper finds significant variation between the transactions of different markets, as well as in the overall positive impact of past wins and in the detailed impact patterns and thresholds of each market. The findings may allow refinement of existing contract awarding strategies and of current legislation.

Originality/value
– The paper aims at empirically testing whether a supplier’s degree of success in any given year, measured by the number of public contracts won, may have an impact on the likelihood that the same supplier is awarded a public contract the following year. The authors conclude that suppliers retained for public contracts could benefit from building public buyers’ loyalty using a key account selling approach rather than systematically seeking to acquire new contracts.
Effect of information sharing and process coordination on logistics outsourcing
Authors: Liu Chen , Huo Baofeng , Liu Shulin , Zhao Xiande 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to test how integrative mechanisms, including information sharing and process coordination, influence logistics outsourcing, and how logistics outsourcing influence performance from an extended RBV perspective.Design/methodology/approach– The structural equation modeling (SEM) method is used to examine the proposed model, based on data collected from 361 companies in greater China.Findings– Integrative mechanisms are helpful for logistics outsourcing (basic, customized, and advanced outsourcing). Specially, information sharing contributes to customized and advanced outsourcing, but has no significant effect on basic outsourcing. In contrast, process coordination improves basic and advanced outsourcing, but insignificantly influences customized outsourcing. Besides, each type of logistics outsourcing has differently effects on 3PL users’ performance. This study contributes to 3PL theories and practices.Originality/value– This study empirically examines the antecedents and the outcomes of logistics outsourcing, contributing to 3PL literature and practices.
Gender differences in satisfaction with Facebook users
Authors: Chan Tommy K. H. , Cheung Christy M. K. , Shi Na , Lee Matthew K. O. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors associated with user satisfaction in the social network sites (SNSs), and to explore the moderating effects of gender on user satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach– A research model was built upon the expectation disconfirmation model (EDM) with a focus on SNSs specific motivations (i.e. relationship maintenance and entertainment). The model was tested empirically with 221 experienced Facebook users using an online survey.Findings– The research model explained 40.5 percent of the variance in user satisfaction. In addition, the results showed that entertainment plays a more important role in determining user satisfaction with SNSs for male users, while relationship maintenance is more important in determining user satisfaction with SNSs for female users.Research limitations/implications– The current study enriched the theoretical understanding of user satisfaction in the context of SNSs. Particularly, perceptions and disconfirmations about the use of SNSs were identified and empirically tested. Furthermore, gender differences in terms of SNSs usage were empirically demonstrated.Originality/value– The present study is one of the first few studies that attempts to explain user satisfaction with SNSs as well as examine the role of gender with a theoretical foundation. It complements the empirical research in the IS literature that addresses new social communication technologies.
Impact of human resources on supply chain management and performance
Authors: Gómez-Cedeño Milena , Castán-Farrero José María , Guitart-Tarrés Laura , Matute-Vallejo Jorge 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that human resource management (HRM) has an impact on supply chain management (SCM), which in turn has a significant impact on customer satisfaction (CS) and organisational performance (OP), playing a mediating role in the relationship between HRM and SCM outcomes (SCMO).Design/methodology/approach– The model is first validated and the hypotheses formulated are tested using the partial least squares structural equation model (SEM), based on five constructs: HRM, SCM implementation (SCMI), SCMO, customer satisfaction and organisational performance, taken from an existing model tested previously in a different geographical context. To do this, a survey was conducted and 231 valid responses were obtained.Findings– The empirical results reveal that HRM had significant direct and indirect impacts on SCMO, and SCMI, which in turn played a mediating role in the relationships between HRM and SCMO. CS also played a mediating role in the relationships between SCMO and OP. This finding suggests that the successful implementation of SCM not only directly improves SCMO, but it also indirectly increases CS and OP.Research limitations/implications– A firm’s human resource practices need to be aligned with its SCM to foster the involvement of the members of the supply chain (SC), promote the integration of the SC and, consequently, ensure better business outcomes.Originality/value– The study provides an original analysis not only in terms of the measurement of the relationship between HRM and SCM, but also with regard to its examination of the mediating effects, thus shedding light on the mechanisms by which these relationships are produced, and how this impacts CS and OP. This has allowed us to obtain more insightful results than those reported in the literature to date.
Corporate sustainability development in China: review and analysis
Authors: Bai Chunguang , Sarkis Joseph , Dou Yijie 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to threefold. The first purpose is to review and critically analyze corporate sustainability development (CSD) research in China. Second, the paper extracts a unified theoretical framework among CSD drivers, CSD practices, and corporate performance in China. Finally, it seeks to identify links between CSD and industrial management and data systems (IMDS) topics.Design/methodology/approach– A comprehensive and structured review of the research literature investigating CSD in China was completed. Categorizations and classifications of the literature were summarized. A critical analysis of the literature resulted in a generic theoretical framework that can be used for evaluation of the literature and further investigation.Findings– The literature review found over 189 papers on CSD in China published from 1997 to 2013. The framework developed focussed on relationships among drivers, practices, and performance within a CSD in China context. The framework provides useful insights into the implementation of CSD practices. The integration of the three dimensions of sustainability and decision-making methodology are still rare. Specific features of CSD are also reviewed with a linkage to IMDS research around information technology, business process modeling, and supply chain management.Originality/value– This is one of the first works to provide a comprehensive focus on CSD in China. The theoretical framework was developed for CSD in China to clarify the relationships between the drivers, the corporation’s characteristics, CSD practices, and corporation performance and will prove useful for future research development and investigation. The linkage to IMDS topics is novel and will help further research related to CSD in China for this journal.
Everyday politics, social practices and movement networks: daily life in Barcelona's social centres
Authors: Yates Luke 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe relations between everyday life and political participation are of interest for much contemporary social science. Yet studies of social movement protest still pay disproportionate attention to moments of mobilization, and to movements with clear organizational boundaries, tactics and goals. Exceptions have explored collective identity, ‘free spaces’ and prefigurative politics, but such processes are framed as important only in accounting for movements in abeyance, or in explaining movement persistence. This article focuses on the social practices taking place in and around social movement spaces, showing that political meanings, knowledge and alternative forms of social organization are continually being developed and cultivated. Social centres in Barcelona, Spain, autonomous political spaces hosting cultural and educational events, protest campaigns and alternative living arrangements, are used as empirical case studies. Daily practices of food provisioning, distributing space and dividing labour are politicized and politicizing as they unfold and develop over time and through diverse networks around social centres. Following Melucci, such latent processes set the conditions for social movements and mobilization to occur. However, they not only underpin mobilization, but are themselves politically expressive and prefigurative, with multiple layers of latency and visibility identifiable in performances of practices. The variety of political forms – adversarial, expressive, theoretical, and routinized everyday practices, allow diverse identities, materialities and meanings to overlap in movement spaces, and help explain networks of mutual support between loosely knit networks of activists and non‐activists. An approach which focuses on practices and networks rather than mobilization and collective actors, it is argued, helps show how everyday life and political protest are mutually constitutive.
Control Outcomes and Exposures for Improving Internal Validity of Nonrandomized Studies
Authors: Dusetzina Stacie B. , Brookhart M. Alan , Maciejewski Matthew L. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveControl outcomes and exposures can improve internal validity of nonrandomized studies by assessing residual bias in effect estimates. Control outcomes are those expected to have no treatment effect or the opposite effect of the primary outcome. Control exposures are treatments expected to have no effect on the primary outcome. We review examples of control outcomes and exposures from prior studies and provide recommendations for conducting and reporting these analyses.Data Sources and Study DesignReview in Google Scholar and Medline of research studies employing control outcomes or exposures. We abstracted publication year, control outcome, control exposure, primary outcome, primary exposure, control outcome/exposure effect, proposed source of bias, and causal criteria.Principal FindingsThere is inconsistent terminology for these concepts, making study identification challenging. Six of 11 studies found null associations between treatments and negative control outcomes/exposures, providing greater confidence that the primary study findings were not biased. Five studies found unexpected associations, suggesting bias in the primary association.ConclusionsThe rigor of nonrandomized studies can be improved with inclusion of control outcomes and exposures for bias detection. Given ongoing concern about clinical and policy inferences from nonrandomized studies, we recommend adoption of these measurement tools.
Quality of Disease Management and Risk of Mortality in English Primary Care Practices
Authors: Dusheiko Mark , Gravelle Hugh , Martin Stephen , Smith Peter C. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate whether better management of chronic conditions by family practices reduces mortality risk.DataTwo random samples of 5 million patients registered with over 8,000 English family practices followed up for 4 years (2004/5–2007/8). Measures of the quality of disease management for 10 conditions were constructed for each family practice for each year. The outcome measure was an indicator taking the value 1 if the patient died during a specified year, 0 otherwise.Study DesignCross‐section and multilevel panel data multiple logistic regressions were estimated. Covariates included age, gender, morbidity, hospitalizations, attributed socio‐economic characteristics, and local health care supply measures.Principal FindingsAlthough a composite measure of the quality of disease management for all 10 conditions was significantly associated with lower mortality, only the quality of stroke care was significant when all 10 quality measures were entered in the regression.ConclusionsThe panel data results suggest that a 1 percent improvement in the quality of stroke care could reduce the annual number of deaths in England by 782 [95 percent CI: 423, 1140]. A longer study period may be necessary to detect any mortality impact of better management of other conditions.
The Structure of Voluntary Disclosure Narratives: Evidence from Tone Dispersion
Authors: ALLEE KRISTIAN D. , DEANGELIS MATTHEW D. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTWe examine tone dispersion, or the degree to which tone words are spread evenly within a narrative, to evaluate whether narrative structure provides insight into managers’ voluntary disclosures and users’ responses to those disclosures. We find that tone dispersion is associated with current aggregate and disaggregated performance and future performance, managers’ financial reporting decisions, and managers’ incentives and actions to manage perceptions. Furthermore, we find that tone dispersion is associated with analysts’ and investors’ responses to conference call narratives. Our results suggest that tone dispersion both reflects and affects the information that managers convey through their narratives.