bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building Organisational Resilience - A Fit for Purpose Approach
Authors: Schack Clara Mohl , van den Essen Igor 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Managing work related stress has become an increasing concern in society as well as in the oil and gas industry representing the second most prevalent work-related health problem, affecting 22% of workers in the European Union (EU-OSHA, 2009; WHO, 2010). Outplacing the traditional stress management approach there seems to be a tendency in practice as well as in research to address this growing concern with a proactive approach focusing on developing organisational resilience.
Based on above notion, it became obvious to an oil and gas company that a consistent approach targeting the matter was needed. In lack of both internal qualitative and quantitative data an interview study was conducted to investigate underlying factors of stress: job demands, control, role, support, relationships and change (HSE, 2009). 60 people across the organisational got interviewed on all levels distributed across four locations. Based on the relation between the two significant dimensions, job demand and control (Karasek et Thorell, 1990) it seemed apparent that stress did not represent a current issue for the organisation. However, the study pointed out 3 main concerns: 1) need for HR processes, 2) leadership capabilities and 3) cultural aspects.
The identification of the themes created an opportunity for a preventive approach introducing the resilience philosophy defined as the ability to bounce back and handle difficult situations in a flexible way as organization, leader and individual. Aiming to establish the organisational capacity targeting the identified gaps; the resilience program consists of three main streams addressing: the way we work (HR processes and policies), the way we lead (leadership competencies) and within the organisational environment (cultural support and awareness).
The program was rolled out centred around a global project community working up, across and down in the organisation in terms of delivering the specific deliverables of the program and embedded the resilience philosophy in the company culture.
The outcome has materialized in earlier return to work for employees suffering from stress, changes in leadership behaviour and support mechanisms as part of the workplace culture. This was obtained through a "fit for purpose approach" tailored to our specific organisational culture and needs.
Safety and Health Management Aspects for Handling Silica-based Products and Engineered Nanoparticles in Sequences of Shale Reservoir Stimulations Operations
Authors: Heidel Donna , Carson Kimberly , Baker John 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The recent developments in the occupational safety and health management systems and assurance processes for the safe use of silica-based products, engineered nanoparticles, and nano-enabled lubricants will be discussed. Shale reservoir stimulations operations may result in workplace exposure risks. Recent findings of the occupational hazards and potential workplace exposure risks associated with silica-based products, engineered nanoparticles, and nano-enabled lubricants will be presented. The methods to assess risks and quantify exposures, and the appropriate engineering, work practice, and personal protective equipment will be discussed.
Exposure risks can be managed with a proper assurance process and equipment design. The value of including occupational health and safety considerations into the design of stimulations operations and the associated process and equipment to control worker exposure risks will be highlighted. This includes an ongoing assurance process that supports the re-assessment that is required as new information is developed about the hazards of these materials and new applications for these technologies. Ensuring worker safety and health during shale reservoir stimulations operations requires a systemic approach for identifying health hazards associated with both known and novel materials, and assessing and controlling exposure risks. Worker safety is essential to the successful shale reservoir stimulations operations technology development and adoption.
Is There a Net Benefit from Offshore Structures?
Authors: Fujii Toyonobu , Walls Anne , Horsfield Michelle 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Understanding the utilisation of seafloor heterogeneity by different fish species is an essential prerequisite for the implementation of effective spatial management of marine ecosystems. The North Sea has long been a vital ground for the exploitation of natural resources, supporting one of the world’s most active fisheries as well as oil and gas exploration which has resulted in the construction of over 500 offshore platforms across the region. These facilities represent the major man-made structures installed on the seabed, adding substantial components of seafloor heterogeneity to the normally flat, featureless or soft sedimentary surroundings.
While there is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that a variety of fishes aggregate around these subsea features, it still remains unclear whether the fish individuals merely concentrate around the structures from surrounding areas or whether such effects can have beneficial effects for fisheries by facilitating net increase in fish stock sizes. The research presented here investigates the relationship between fish and the physical presence of artificial structures in order to elucidate the potential role of offshore oil and gas platforms in the ecology of fish populations in the North Sea.
To capture representative fish specimens closely associated with offshore platforms, seasonal fish sampling has been carried out since September 2010 at the BP Miller platform, a large steel jacketed facility in the Central North Sea. Although fishing from an operational platform is normally banned in the North Sea due to safety concerns, the Miller platform provides a unique opportunity for researcher to examine the possible effects of obsolete platforms on fish populations because it ceased production in 2007 and has since been used as a search and rescue helicopter base with minimum manning.
Results show that commercially important fish such as cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and saithe (Pollachius virens) were the most characteristic species observed around Miller platform. However, there were marked changes in species composition and their relative abundances between seasons as well as years, suggesting highly dynamic nature of interactions between fish movements and the physical presence of the platform. Based on these results together with a range of studies from the relevant literature, implications for the ecological impacts of decommissioning on North Sea fish populations will be discussed.
Addressing Adaptation to Climate Risks in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Landuyt William , Lee Arthur , Verduzco Laura , Castaneda Jeremy , Siveter Robert 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Adaptation planning and implementation for managing climate change risks is rising up the agenda of governments and companies alike, broadening from a sole focus on mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There is a growing awareness of the need for adaptation as part of a balanced risk management strategy toward climate change. The objective of this paper is to explore the oil and gas industry’s awareness of climate change-related risks and appropriate responses, and efforts to incorporate them into an overall risk management framework. As a result of a recent IPIECA workshop we identified a few key observations regarding adaptation for the oil and gas industry: the oil and gas industry assesses a range of current and future risks from climate variability to their operations and infrastructure; impacts are local and projects are unique, hence assessments are being performed at the local level to design actions; uncertainty in climate variability and future scenarios suggests that flexible and robust engineering designs along with adaptive management practices will be critical for climate risk management. The paper is a mixture of author perspectives and ideas expressed at the workshop, and is structured to provide insight into the adaptation planning process, including: examples of climate risks identified by the oil and gas industry; the process of evaluating the risk posed by a potential impact; and examples of currently employed approaches to adapt and manage identified risks.
Facility Water Cycle Management in Diverse Conditions
Authors: Rowbottom Ron , Grinneiser Pascal , Cobb Jo Ann 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The supply of potable drinking water, nonpotable processed water and ultimately wastewater disposal is a significant cost and logistical concern in many areas of the world. Water conservation and the demand for potable drinking water poses a daunting task for operating bases.
This paper outline challenges for facility management where water is a scarce resource through incorporating strategies and technologies for the water management cycle.
The sourcing of potable water is an issue where nonpotable ground water is the only alternative to high- cost tank and bottled water. Utilizing technologies to generate on-site potable water where potable water supply is restricted provides companies the opportunity to increase their available potable water supply, and provides corporate social responsibility benefits to the community.
Utilizing processed or nonpotable water, although more readily available, still poses issues for many locations because of arid conditions and water demand increasing logistics and cost of supply. This paper reviews strategies for sourcing and recycling technologies for nonpotable water to reduce impact.
The final aspect of water management includes the challenges with regard to disposing of processed grey water and black water from washrooms and other sources in locations where municipal waste water treatment facilities are not available. In such areas, removal and waste water costs can be significant. Additionally, companies must maintain environmental oversight to ensure waste water is properly managed to protect the environment and company reputation. The paper presents waste water disposal management strategies to control risk and costs, utilizing techniques and technologies that reduce water quantity and levels of pollutants in discharged water.
Case studies from facilities in Dubai UAE, Iraq, Brazil, and Algeria are presented to illustrate the process of holistic water management at service bases. The paper also introduces a water management tool developed to assess and quantify water management components, and the methodology to identify strategies and technologies for managing a facility’s water cycle. The approach encompasses the logistical, cost and social benefits of water management.
Learning & Benefits of Well-defined and Well-structured Topside Medical Support in the Offshore Drilling Industry based on 10 Years of Global Experience with a Large Offshore Drilling Contractor
Authors: Pelat Francois , Awotula Patrick 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The offshore workplace is unique in that it concentrates heavy machinery and high-pressure operations in a self-contained and remote environment. It is hence an accepted - if not required - standard to maintain a clinic manned by a medical responder onboard the offshore drilling installations in order to handle routine ailments and provide the initial medical care and stabilization needed in the event of more serious emergency situations.
For a global drilling contractor with a significant number of overseas operations, the importance of enhancing the offshore medical response was early understood, leading it to develop, structure and launch the concept of Topside Medical Support (TMS).
The offshore medical personnel have been given round-the-clock access to a medical support line to provide all the guidance instructions and medical direction that may be required. A comprehensive set of medical protocols & procedures has been developed to support both offshore medical personnel and TMS teams. Several global and regional providers have been selected, trained and contracted to deliver TMS for the various Divisions and Business Units.
10 years of global experience have demonstrated the huge benefits of the concept in delivering a timely, appropriate and consistent medical response in the offshore workplace, in addition to preparing the way for further escalation whenever shore referral or international medical evacuation is required for the patient. The experience has also highlighted issues and challenges which have been addressed as far as is technically possible, as well as adding other features to maximize TMS effectiveness and benefits for the workforce, the employer and customers.
This paper will develop, analyze and review the above success story - which has now become requisite "best practice" for the offshore industry – and will also discuss areas for improvement.
An Overarching Strategy for Safety Critical Elements Assessment and Management
Authors: Cortina M. , Pavli E. , Antinolfi G. , La Rosa L. , Rainaldi I. , Petrone A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Recent well known major accidents occurred in the Oil and Gas sector and their consequences on companies’ reputation and public image have dramatically confirmed that asset integrity enhanced safety performance and effective management of increased environmental risks remain one of the key challenges facing the industry today.
Investigation reports prove that Major Accidents typically materialize as a result of a combination of failures in processes, plant integrity and human behaviors. Processes, people and plant can be regarded as ‘barriers’ between the hazard and an incident. If they are all present and flawless, they can prevent a hazard becoming an incident.
Barriers which prevent Major Accident Hazards becoming accidents are called Safety Critical Elements.
Safety-critical elements (SCE) are defined as any parts of an installation (physical or non-physical elements), plant or computer programs whose failure will either cause or contribute substantially to a major accident, or the purpose of which is to prevent, or limit the effect of a major accident hazard (MAH). SCEs are thus generally designed to Prevent Detect Control Mitigate Rescue and Recover
This paper present the overarching strategy adopted and the requirements set out within our company for effective Management of Safety Critical elements.
The process by which SCEs are identified and performance standards set is fully described along with the strategy for their implementation within the company assets. The document also describes the verification scheme which is crucial to ensure that the integrity of SCEs is maintained and guidance is provided for the management of verification throughout the various stages of the asset lifecycle; it also deals with the management of change in relation to SCEs.
The paper concludes with considerations on the correct identification of roles and responsibilities for identification of safety critical systems, and the production, review and implementation of their Performance Standards during the whole asset life cycle: at the design stage for new facilities, or major modifications to existing facilities, until handover to the operating organization takes place; and at the operations stage.
m-Health Solution for Keeping Employees Informed
Authors: Nicosia V. , Mika F. , de Sanctis S. , Alfano G. , Gialdi C. , Consentino M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Saipem, with more than 46,000 employees, is one of the biggest contractor company in oil and gas industry. Operation’s in Oil and Gas industry require movements of a great number of persons from one part of the world to the other and the operations are more and more being routinely carried out in remote and extremely remote locations in countries and areas that re unknown to the employees. Regardless the remoteness of the operations or the difficulties in the country of assignment it is company’s obligation and duty of care to assure not only the best possible medical assistance to the employees working in such extreme environments but also the information and training of the employees assigned. A part the work related ones, the workplace risks vary from infectious diseases to climate, environmental and psychosocial factors. In order to assure the proper preparedness and full information about the working location of the personnel assigned for expatriation Saipem’s Occupational Health Dept. developed a pre travel counselling program. As work related risks are discussed elsewhere this counselling is mainly for the prevention of infectious and other risks, both general and specific, related to expatriation.
Following the WHO (World Health Organization – Bejing declaration) on "Global Strategy on Occupational Health for All" (1994), as well as the European Legislation and 2000/54/EC on protection of workers from risks related from exposure to biological agents at work, and its application in Italy by a Legislative Decree n. 81/2008 and its modifications (called "Testo Unico" for Health and Safety in Workplace L.D. 81/08) Saipem S.p.A. has developed this program for all the employees –Pre-employment accurate medical examination is performed to assess the worker’s fitness against the risks related to geographical area and occupational activities to prevent illness and/or injury. (Art. 41 L.D. 81/08 Health Surveillance)–Before departure the worker is informed through a counselling program about local risks and gets the protective means (vaccination, prophylaxis, repellents etc.) he/she will need. (Title X on Biological Risk, articles 278–279 about L.D. 81/08 )–Health surveillance program is implemented during the assignment of work.–End employment medical examination assess the worker’s fitness.–Health promotion program include training and information about lifestyle, company’s policies, health promotion activities (Art. 25 L.D. 81/08)
To assure the fulfilment of training program and legal requirement, apart the counselling done face to face a hand pocket Manual of Travel Medicine (Si Viaggiare) is provide to all Saipem’s employees when they start to work for the company. The objectives is to supply all Medical information related to Travel Medicine. The Manual is anyway part of our Counselling Program (art. 278–279).
Safe Work Practices and Rescue Planning for Vertical Column Work during Turnaround: A Case Study
Authors: Daher Elie , Case George , Davis Gordon , Dowd Darrell 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Managing long term turnaround programs to carry out maintenance on offshore facilities can be rewarding for safety system companies and its customers because it maximizes efficiencies in the delivery of services by allowing continuity of learning and improvement.
A 60-day turnaround for an offshore facility gave a safety company and its customer in Angola the opportunity to improve processes and skills in emergency rescue operations. One of the work activities involved opening, cleaning, inspection and repair of a vertical Deethanizer Column that is over 60 feet high and only three (3) feet in diameter. At the top of each of three packed sections of the column is an 18" diameter man-way. This man-way is the only entry and exit point on the column which sits on the corner of the offshore platform, 52 feet above sea level.
For the safety provider, a major concern was how to rescue a crew member from inside the column, if injured or incapacitated considering the vertical column’s narrow diameter. The team needed a safe rescue procedure prior to the turnaround. With support from the Facility Engineers, a mock-up structure was designed to simulate one ring section of the column, using a section of 36" pipe with 18" man-ways.
This mock-up provided many benefits including the opportunity to install one of the trays as would be performed in the field, the familiarity with the installation procedures by allowing trial runs, and pre-fitting trays in the mock-up that ensured parts fitted and the dimensions were correct. Most importantly, it gave the rescue crews a chance to practice a rescue operation on the offshore platform.
This paper takes a detailed look at the best practices, lessons learned and steps undertaken to develop safe work practices and rescue operations during a turnaround in an offshore facility in Angola.
Assessing and Selecting Remote Sensing Techniques for Early Detection of Oil Spills
Authors: Grimsrud Torleiv Stien , Nissen-Lie Torild , Vandenbussche Valentin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
While many parameters influence the environmental consequences of oil spills, the quantity of oil released remain one of the most important. The total volume may be expressed as the leak rate multiplied with the duration of the discharge. By detecting a spill at an early stage, it could be possible limit the duration and hence the amount spilled. Early detection can also instigate a rapid response, which is another crucial consequence reducing measure.
Detection technologies are becoming increasingly important as the petroleum industry is progressing into Arctic areas and closer to shore or environmentally sensitive areas. With increased environmental concerns and stakeholder engagement, company integrity and accountability are essential for maintaining a license to operate.
The requirement for leak detection capabilities for oil and gas activity varies. At the Norwegian Continental Shelf, operators are required to detect pollution of significance within a short time, usually between one and three hours. Leak detection systems must also be effective regardless of darkness, sight and weather conditions. On behalf of the Norwegian Oil and Gas Association, a methodology was developed for assessing and selecting remote measurement techniques for specific fields.
For the leak detection system to be effective and reliable, it is vital to select appropriate techniques that complete and complement each other. The methodology firstly maps relevant requirements, risks, facility limitations and field specific factors. A BAT (best available techniques) framework is used to identify appropriate technologies, while gap analyses may map the overall limitations and flaws by comparing a proposed system’s performance with the requirements. Gaps and/or weaknesses are further evaluated through an ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable) analysis assessing the cost and benefits of additional techniques. The methodology provides the operators with valuable information concerning factors affecting the performance. Finally, organizational measures are crucial for ensuring effective operations and it is necessary to integrate leak detection into facility management systems.
This paper presents the complete methodology and explains how a structured approach can be applied to both existing and new installations. It provides examples of how assessments are conducted and an overview of the most relevant remote sensing techniques. The methodology has been reviewed by several operators and been employed for numerous projects. While the framework was developed for the Norwegian sector, it is relevant and applicable for installations globally.