bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of hydroperoxide lyase, peroxygenase and epoxide hydrolase in tobacco for the biotechnological production of flavours and polymer precursors
Authors: Huang Fong‐Chin , Schwab Wilfried 
Published: September 2012

SummaryPlants produce short‐chain aldehydes and hydroxy fatty acids, which are important industrial materials, through the lipoxygenase pathway. Based on the information that lipoxygenase activity is up‐regulated in tobacco leaves upon infection with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), we introduced a melon hydroperoxide lyase (CmHPL) gene, a tomato peroxygenase (SlPXG) gene and a potato epoxide hydrolase (StEH) into tobacco leaves using a TMV‐based viral vector system to afford aldehyde and hydroxy fatty acid production. Ten days after infiltration, tobacco leaves infiltrated with CmHPL displayed high enzyme activities of 9‐LOX and 9‐HPL, which could efficiently transform linoleic acid into C9 aldehydes. Protein extracts prepared from 1 g of CmHPL‐infiltrated tobacco leaves (fresh weight) in combination with protein extracts prepared from 1 g of control vector‐infiltrated tobacco leaves (as an additional 9‐LOX source) produced 758 ± 75 μg total C9 aldehydes in 30 min. The yield of C9 aldehydes from linoleic acid was 60%. Besides, leaves infiltrated with SlPXG and StEH showed considerable enzyme activities of 9‐LOX/PXG and 9‐LOX/EH, respectively, enabling the production of 9,12,13‐trihydroxy‐10(E)‐octadecenoic acid from linoleic acid. Protein extracts prepared from 1 g of SlPXG‐infiltrated tobacco leaves (fresh weight) in combination with protein extracts prepared from 1 g of StEH‐infiltrated tobacco leaves produced 1738 ± 27 μg total 9,12,13‐trihydroxy‐10(E)‐octadecenoic acid isomers in 30 min. The yield of trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids from linoleic acid was 58%. C9 aldehydes and trihydroxy fatty acids could likely be produced on a larger scale using this expression system with many advantages including easy handling, time‐saving and low production cost.
Interactive Character Animation Using Simulated Physics: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review
Authors: Geijtenbeek T. , Pronost N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPhysics simulation offers the possibility of truly responsive and realistic animation. Despite wide adoption of physics simulation for the animation of passive phenomena, such as fluids, cloths and rag‐doll characters, commercial applications still resort to kinematics‐based approaches for the animation of actively controlled characters. However, following a renewed interest in the use of physics simulation for interactive character animation, many recent publications demonstrate tremendous improvements in robustness, visual quality and usability. We present a structured review of over two decades of research on physics‐based character animation, as well as point out various open research areas and possible future directions.
The Division of Labour in Crime Prevention: Crime Science, Criminology and Criminal Justice
Authors: Kautt Paula , Pease Ken 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDurkheim outlines how workforces become increasingly specialised as society expands, resulting not only in mutual dependence but also in strong social and cultural distinctions between different professional specialisations. Modern studies of crime prevention exemplify this phenomenon. Crime scientists, criminologists and criminal justice practitioners frequently disagree over the differences and utility of their respective disciplines, almost to the point of neglecting their common goal of crime prevention. This article outlines the important distinctions between these three disciplines and seeks to demonstrate how they might work together to yield more effective crime prevention than any one of them accomplishes alone.
Automated diagnosis of epilepsy using EEG power spectrum
Authors: Kerr Wesley T. , Anderson Ariana , Lau Edward P. , Cho Andrew Y. , Xia Hongjing , Bramen Jennifer , Douglas Pamela K. , Braun Eric S. , Stern John M. , Cohen Mark S. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryInterictal electroencephalography (EEG) has clinically meaningful limitations in its sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of epilepsy because of its dependence on the occurrence of epileptiform discharges. We have developed a computer‐aided diagnostic (CAD) tool that operates on the absolute spectral energy of the routine EEG and has both substantially higher sensitivity and negative predictive value than the identification of interictal epileptiform discharges. Our approach used a multilayer perceptron to classify 156 patients admitted for video‐EEG monitoring. The patient population was diagnostically diverse; 87 were diagnosed with either generalized or focal seizures. The remainder of the patients were diagnosed with nonepileptic seizures. The sensitivity was 92% (95% confidence interval [CI] 85–97%) and the negative predictive value was 82% (95% CI 67–92%). We discuss how these findings suggest that this CAD can be used to supplement event‐based analysis by trained epileptologists.
Two‐Piece Nasal Septum Prosthesis for a Large Nasal Septum Perforation: A Clinical Report
Authors: Sashi Purna C.R. , Annapurna P.D. , Ahmed Syed Basheer , Vurla Samyuktha , Nalla Sandeep , Abhishek S.M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNasal septum perforation presents with the symptoms of epistaxis and crusting. Obturation of the defect will decrease the symptoms and increase patient comfort. Prosthetic closure is more predictable and thus the treatment of choice in larger defects. This article describes a procedure for construction of a magnet‐retained, heat‐processed acrylic nasal septum prosthesis. The two‐piece nasal septum prosthesis was processed and joined together in situ by magnets. Each piece of the septum prosthesis conforms to the remaining medial wall of each nostril and forms the missing half of the nasal septum. The prosthesis not only alleviates symptoms, but also provides structural support to the saddle‐shaped nose and improves esthetics.
Transversus Abdominis Block: Clinical Uses, Side Effects, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Taylor Robert , Pergolizzi Joseph V. , Sinclair Alexander , Raffa Robert B. , Aldington Dominic , Plavin Stanford , Apfel Christian C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPoorly controlled acute pain during the postoperative setting after abdominal surgery can be detrimental to the patient. Current pain management practices for the postoperative abdominal surgery patient rely heavily on opioids, which are associated with many unwanted side effects. Recently, interest surrounding regional anesthesia has been growing owing to its demonstrated efficacy and safety outcomes. More specifically, the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block procedure has attracted attention owing to its ability to successfully block peripheral pain signaling in the abdomen, its ease of use, few complications, and its greater acceptability. A majority of the studies published has demonstrated the successful reduction in pain in many abdominal surgical procedures using local anesthetics during the TAP block. However, the short duration of the pain block causes the patient to still rely on other analgesics throughout the additional postoperative days. Preliminary studies using continuous infusion catheters placed in the TAP has been one of the ways to prolong the nerve block in the abdomen; however, technical and operational issues currently limit the widespread adoption of this method. In this review, current studies will be presented and summarized to update the field on the potential benefits of the TAP block procedure, in addition to providing insight into the future direction of the drugs that could be used for TAP block.
Good News, Bad News, and Consumer Confidence
Authors: Casey Gregory P. , Owen Ann L. 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesWe test for asymmetric reactions of consumer confidence and the news media to changes in economic fundamentals. We examine the relationship between media reporting and consumer confidence.MethodsUsing data from the University of Michigan Index of Consumer Sentiment and a new data set on media coverage constructed by ourselves, we estimate time series regressions that explain changes in consumer confidence and media coverage of economic news.ResultsWe find evidence of asymmetric reactions by consumers to changes in economic fundamentals; however, we find no evidence of a systematic negativity bias. We also find no evidence of bias in the media. The findings of asymmetric reactions are strengthened when we control for expectations.ConclusionAsymmetric reactions in consumer confidence depend on the nature of the economic fundamental that is changing. Reference points are important in determining consumer reaction, but they do not explain asymmetric responses.
What Explains Openness to Intercountry Adoption?
Authors: Breuning Marijke 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveThis study systematically investigates the factors that determine sending country openness or restrictiveness regarding intercountry adoption. It hypothesizes that larger orphan populations, greater global interconnectedness, and accession to the Hague Convention are associated with greater openness, whereas the political empowerment of women and larger Islamic populations are expected to be associated with greater restrictiveness.MethodsThe study employs an original, global data set to empirically test the significance of the hypothesized factors in explaining a country's openness to intercountry adoption.ResultsThe study finds that burgeoning orphan populations are associated with greater openness to intercountry adoption and women's presence in political decision making is associated with greater restrictiveness.ConclusionThe findings call into question the effectiveness of the current intercountry adoption regime.
Banking Globalization and Monetary Transmission
Authors: CETORELLI NICOLA , GOLDBERG LINDA S. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTGlobalization of banking raises questions about banks’ liquidity management, their response to liquidity shocks, and the potential for international shock propagation. We conjecture that global banks manage liquidity on a global scale, actively using cross‐border internal funding in response to local shocks. Having global operations insulates banks from changes in monetary policy, while banks without global operations are more affected by monetary policy than previously found. We provide direct evidence that internal capital markets are active in global banks and contribute to the international propagation of shocks. This feature was at play during the financial crisis of 2007–2009.
Regulatory Arbitrage and International Bank Flows
Authors: HOUSTON JOEL F. , LIN CHEN , MA YUE 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTWe study whether cross‐country differences in regulations have affected international bank flows. We find strong evidence that banks have transferred funds to markets with fewer regulations. This form of regulatory arbitrage suggests there may be a destructive “race to the bottom” in global regulations, which restricts domestic regulators’ ability to limit bank risk‐taking. However, we also find that the links between regulation differences and bank flows are significantly stronger if the recipient country is a developed country with strong property rights and creditor rights. This suggests that, while differences in regulations have important influences, without a strong institutional environment, lax regulations are not enough to encourage massive capital flows.
Aqueous Route Synthesis of Mesoporous ZrO2 by Agarose Templation
Authors: Ma Xing , Klosterman Luke , Hu Yan‐Yan , Liu Xunpei , Schmidt‐Rohr Klaus , Mallapragada Surya , Akinc Mufit 
Published: September 2012

Mesoporous zirconia with high surface area has been synthesized using self‐assembling agarose gel as a template. Agarose gel was formed in the presence of aqueous zirconyl nitrate solutions followed by precipitation of zirconium (hydr)oxide in the gel framework. A porous zirconia structure is obtained by pyrolysis of agarose. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is employed to assess the agarose‐zirconia precursor interaction. Changes in the C–O absorption bands indicate zirconium association with the OH groups of the agarose. Solid state 13C NMR studies of the nanocomposite showed a shift in intensity from 70 to 75 ppm indicating conversion of ~7% of C–O–H to C–O–Zr. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that both agarose/zirconia nanocomposite and zirconia have similar morphological features as that of pure agarose gel confirming agarose templation. Phase transformation of zirconia from amorphous to tetragonal between 300°C and 500°C, and gradually into monoclinic phase up to 900°C is observed using X‐ray powder diffraction. Specific surface area and pore size distribution are determined using nitrogen adsorption, employing BET and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda methods, respectively. The specific surface area of porous zirconia after heat treatment at 500°C was determined to be 86 m2/g, which reduced with increasing temperature to 13 m2/g above 900°C. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the hierarchical structure of porous zirconia.
Phosphogypsum Transition to α‐Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate in the Presence of Omongwaite in NaCl Solutions Under Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Ru Xiaohong , Ma Baoguo , Huang Jian , Huang Yun 
Published: September 2012

Preparation of α‐calcium sulfate hemihydrates (α‐HH) from phosphogypsum (PG) under atmospheric pressure has been a promising way to utilize PG. In this study, the phase transition from PG (the main composition is calcium sulfate dihydrate, DH) to α‐HH is investigated in NaCl solutions with different concentrations and reaction temperatures under atmospheric pressure. The results show that the concentration of NaCl affected the phase transition as well as the crystal morphology. Higher reaction temperature above 85°C is found to accelerate the phase‐transition reaction and the products are stable in 18.8 wt% NaCl solution, which is resulted from decreasing water activity with increasing NaCl concentration. The phase‐transition product of PG is a mixture of α‐HH and omongwaite (Na2Ca5(SO4)6·3H2O). Differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetry curves and chemical composition, especially Na2O content variation, suggest a third phase, omongwaite is formed during the transition from PG to α‐HH.
Armanni–Ebstein Lesions: A Need for Clarification
Authors: Zhou Chong , Yool Andrea J. , Nolan James , Byard Roger W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractArmanni–Ebstein lesions were first described by Luciano Armanni, a pathologist at the University of Naples, during autopsy studies undertaken in 1872, as a unique vacuolar nephropathy associated with poorly controlled diabetes that involves selective renal epithelial cell glycogen accumulation. However, within the last two decades, a broader range of vacuolar changes, including lipid deposition, have also been termed Armanni–Ebstein (AE) lesions, creating some confusion on possible etiology. We would suggest that the term AE phenomenon would be best reserved for the original clear cell change associated with glycogen deposition, and that this should be clearly distinguished from subnuclear lipid vacuolization (“basal vacuolization”). Although there is obvious inter‐relation between these two types of vacuoles, they appear morphologically and biochemically distinct from each other. More precise classification may assist in clarifying the causal processes and possible diagnostic significance of different types of renal epithelial vacuolization at autopsy.
Identification of Human Remains by DNA Analysis of the Gastrointestinal Contents of Fly Larvae
Authors: de Lourdes Chávez‐Briones María , Hernández‐Cortés Raquel , Díaz‐Torres Porfirio , Niderhauser‐García Alberto , Ancer‐Rodríguez Jesús , Jaramillo‐Rangel Gilberto , Ortega‐Martínez Marta 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDipterous fly larvae (maggots) are frequently collected from a corpse during a criminal investigation. Previous studies showed that DNA analysis of the gastrointestinal contents of maggots might be used to reveal the identity of a victim. However, this approach has not been used to date in legal investigations, and thus its practical usefulness is unknown. A badly burned body was discovered with its face and neck colonized by fly larvae. Given the condition of the body, identification was not possible. Short tandem repeat (STR) typing was performed using the gastrointestinal contents of maggots collected from the victim and was compared to STR profiles obtained from the alleged father. The probability of paternity was 99.685%. Thus, this comparative DNA test enabled the conclusive identification of the remains. This is the first reported case of analysis of human DNA isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of maggots used to identify a victim in a criminal case.
Standardization of Vascular Assessment of Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Sikka Suresh C. , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. , Brock Gerald , Morales Antonio Martin 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In-office evaluation of erectile dysfunction by color duplex Doppler ultrasound (CDDU) may benefit the decision-making process in regard to choosing the most appropriate therapy. Unfortunately, there is no uniform standardization in performing CDDU resulting in high variability in data expression and interpretation when comparing results among various centers, especially when conducting multicenter trials. Establishing standard operating procedures (SOPs) is a major step that will help minimize such variability.

Aim
This SOP describes CDDU procedure with focus on establishing uniformity and normative parameters.

Main Outcome Measure
Measure intra-arterial diameter, peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, and resistive index for each cavernosal artery.

Methods
After initial discussion with the patient about his history and International Index of Erectile Function evaluation describe procedural steps to the patient. Perform the CDDU in a relaxed state, scanning the entire penis (in B-mode image) using a 7.5- to 12-MHz linear array ultrasound probe. An intracorporal injection of a single or combination of vasoactive agents (e.g., prostaglandin E1, phentolamine, and papaverine) is then administered and CDDU performed at various time points, preferably with audiovisual sexual stimulation (AVSS).

Results
Monitor penile erection response (tumescence and rigidity) near peak blood flow. Self-stimulation or AVSS leaving the patient alone in room or redosing may be considered to decrease any anxiety and help achieve a maximum rigid erection.

Conclusion
Considering the complexity and heterogeneity of CDDU evaluation, this communication will help in standardization and establish uniformity in such data interpretation. When indicated, invasive diagnostic testing involving (i) penile angiography and (ii) cavernosography/cavernosometry to establish veno-occlusive dysfunction may be recommended to facilitate further treatment options.
Standard Operating Procedures for Female Genital Sexual Pain
Authors: Fugl-Meyer Kerstin S. , Bohm-Starke Nina , Damsted Petersen Christina , Fugl-Meyer Axel , Parish Sharon , Giraldi Annamaria 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Female genital sexual pain (GSP) is a common, distressing complaint in women of all ages that is underrecognized and undertreated. Definitions and terminology for female GSP are currently being debated. While some authors have suggested that GSP is not per se a sexual dysfunction, but rather a localized genial pain syndrome, others adhere to using clearly sexually related terms such as dyspareunia and vaginismus.

Aim
The aims of this brief review are to present definitions of the different types of female GSP. Their etiology, incidence, prevalence, and comorbidity with somatic and psychological disorders are highlighted, and different somatic and psychological assessment and treatment modalities are discussed.

Methods
The Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) committee was composed of a chair and five additional experts. No corporate funding or remuneration was received. The authors agreed to survey relevant databases, journal articles and utilize their own clinical experience. Consensus was guided by systematic discussions by e-mail communications.

Main Outcome/Results
There is a clear lack of epidemiological data defining female GSP disorders and a lack of evidence supporting therapeutic interventions. However, this international expert group will recommend guidelines for management of female GSP.

Conclusions
GSP disorders are complex. It is recommended that their evaluation and treatment are performed through comprehensive somato-psychological multidisciplinary approach.
Structural Regulation as Antidote to Complexity Capture
Authors: Weber Robert F. 
Published: September 2012

The [structural] approachrejects the idea that some institutions should be allowed to become “too important to fail”. Instead of asking who should perform what regulation, itasks why we regulate banks. It draws a clear distinction between different activities that banks undertake. The banking system provides two crucial services to the rest of the economy: providing companies and households a ready means by which they can make payments for goods and services and intermediating flows of savings to finance investment. Those are the utility aspects of banking where we all have a common interest in ensuring continuity of service.An accepted principle of system design is to avoid complexity and tight integration of different components or interfaces. Complexity is the enemy of both reliability and security, engineers are fond of saying.The more complex the system, the greater the chance of the unexpected interaction of components, even when they are not faulty in themselves. A truly complex system may be impossible to fully comprehend, and the unexpected interactions may not appear for a very long time … .
Cancer on a mammogram is not memorable: Readers remember their recalls and not cancers
Authors: Pitman Alexander G , Kok Phebe , Zentner Lucila , Taft Rodney , Shnier Darryl , Mercuri Vincenzo , Mehta Kirti , Lawson James , Kremer Sarah , Gledhill Samuel , Cawson Jennifer N 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimTo determine if presence of cancer on a mammogram makes that mammogram more memorable.Materials and methodsA total of 100 mammograms (25 cancers) were grouped into 5 sets of 20 cases. Set pairs were presented in five reads to eight radiologist readers. Readers were asked to ‘clear’ or ‘call back’ cases, and at post‐baseline reads to indicate whether each case was ‘new’ or ‘old’ (remembered from prior read). Two sets were presented only at baseline, to calculate each reader's false recollection rate. For cases presented more than once (‘old’ cases, 100 presentations) readers could have ‘correct memory’ or ‘memory loss’. Memory performance was defined as odds ratio of correct memory to memory loss.Multivariate logistic data regression analysis identified predictors of memory performance from: reader, set, time since last read, presence of cancer, and whether the case was called back at the last read.ResultsMemory performance differed markedly between readers and reader identity was a highly significant predictor of memory performance. Presence of cancer was not a significant predictor of memory performance (odds ratio 0.77, 95% CI: 0.49–1.21). Whether the case was called back at the last read was a highly significant predictor (odds ratio 4.22, 95% CI: 2.70–6.61) for the model incorporating reader variability, and also the model without reader variability (odds ratio 2.67, 95% CI: 1.74–4.08).ConclusionThe only statistically significant predictor of radiologist memory for a mammogram was whether the radiologist ‘called it back’ at a prior reading round. Presence of cancer on a mammogram did not make it memorable.