bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change in weight‐for‐length status during the first three months: Relationships to birth weight and implications for metabolic risk
Authors: May Rich , Kim Daniel , Mote‐Watson Debbie 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWeight‐for‐length during the early postnatal period is a critical predictor of subsequent body composition and metabolic risk. This study was designed to analyze change in weight‐for‐length status according to birth weight in early infancy. Data were collected for 267 infants enrolled in the Jackson County Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program. Postnatal measurements were collected at a clinic visit between birth and 12 weeks of age (mean = 5.7 weeks). Changes inWHO z‐scores (weight, length, weight‐for‐length) between birth and the clinic visit were calculated. Infants were classified as exclusively breastfed or as formula‐fed. Ethnicity was coded as Hispanic or non‐Hispanic. Infants were classified based on birth weight z‐score as lower (<−1 SD) or higher (> +1 SD). Multiple regression models tested birth weight, demographic factors, and feeding as predictors of z‐score change measures. Demographic factors and feeding were also tested as moderators of the effects of birth weight. Lower birth weight infants displayed an increase in weight‐for‐length z‐score between birth and the clinic visit. Change in weight‐for‐length was associated with significant increase in weight z‐score but not in length z‐score. Higher birth weight predicted decrease in weight and length z‐scores but did not predict change in weight‐for‐length. Hispanic ethnicity predicted decrease in length z‐score and increase in weight‐for‐length z‐score but did not moderate effects of birth weight. Increase in weight‐for‐length among lower birth weight infants and persistence of high weight‐for‐length among higher birth weight infants may reflect phenotypic adjustments that are maladaptive in adverse dietary environments. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osteitis in chronic rhinosinusitis: a review of the literature
Authors: Bhandarkar Naveen D. , Sautter Nathan B. , Kennedy David W. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundThe role of osteitis, or inflammation involving bone, is 1 potential reason for disease recalcitrance in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and is not extensively studied. This review article will discuss osteitis in CRS, including pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, clinical significance, and treatment modalities.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed search terms osteitis, osteomyelitis, bone involvement, hyperostosis, neo‐osteogenesis, osteoneogenesis, remodeling, single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT), and nuclear scintigraphy, with each term cross‐referenced with chronic rhinosinusitis. This search was then narrowed to English language articles, which were reviewed for relevance. Cited references of relevant articles were also examined.ResultsThe PubMed search identified 231 articles, which after reviewing for inclusion criteria resulted in 26 articles that were included in the current review. Pathophysiology, including current understanding of molecular mechanisms contributing to osteitis, is discussed. Histology, computed tomography (CT), and SPECT have been used to establish a diagnosis. Radiographic staging systems exist but are not standardized. Osteitis has been treated both with intravenous antibiotics and surgery. Five articles involved assessment of outcomes in patients with osteitis.ConclusionOsteitis involves inflammatory changes in the underlying bone that may lead to recalcitrant CRS. Osteitis is associated with worsened measures of disease severity such as CT, endoscopy, and olfactory scores, and affects the degree of improvement in quality‐of‐life measures after both medical and surgical treatment. Future studies directed at characterizing the underlying molecular mechanisms including earlier and precise identification may improve our ability to treat this significant aspect of CRS.
PLA/sepiolite and PLA/calcium carbonate nanocomposites: A comparison study
Authors: Sabzi Mohammad , Jiang Long , Atai Mohammad , Ghasemi Ismail 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA)‐based nanocomposites comprising two different types of nanofillers, i.e. sepiolite (SEP) and nano calcium carbonate (NCC), were prepared by internal mixing and injection molding. Because of the different aspect ratio, surface area, and surface property of the nanofillers, their effects on the morphological, mechanical, dynamic mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were shown to be very different. NCC demonstrated more uniform particle dispersion and matrix compatibility than did SEP because of the former's surface treatment, thus leading to higher strength and strain‐at‐failure of PLA/NCC composites. On the other hand, larger aspect ratio and surface area of SEP caused higher melt viscosity, stronger shear thinning, and better thermal resistance of PLA/SEP composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Influence of triphenylphosphonium pendant groups on the rheological and morphological properties of new quaternized polysulfone
Authors: Buruiana Luminita‐Ioana , Avram Ecaterina , Popa Adriana , Stoica Iuliana , Ioan Silvia 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA new quaternized polysulfone with triphenylphosphonium pendant groups was synthesized by reacting chloromethylated polysulfone with triphenylphosphine. The molecular restructurations, generated by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and association phenomena in ternary quaternized polysulfone/N,N‐dimethylformamide (solvent)/water (nonsolvent) systems, were evaluated by rheological investigations. The polyelectrolyte effect, induced by enhanced dissociation of the ionizable groups and by mixed solvents' quality, modify the rheological functions, that is, dynamic viscosity, elastic shear modulus, and viscous shear modulus, as well as the thermodynamic parameters obtained from the rheological properties, such as apparent activation energy. These results were correlated with the morphological properties of the films obtained from solutions in solvent/nonsolvent mixtures and compared with other quaternized polysulfones, having different hydrophobic characteristics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Forecasting Success: Patients' Expectations for Improvement and Their Relations to Baseline, Process and Outcome Variables in Group Cognitive–Behavioural Therapy for Depression
Authors: Tsai Michelle , Ogrodniczuk John S. , Sochting Ingrid , Mirmiran Jamal 
Published: December 2012

There is growing evidence for the important role of patients' outcome expectations to the process and outcome of psychotherapy, yet its relevance to group cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) for depression has not been examined. In an effort to fill this void, the present study investigated expectations for improvement among 80 psychiatric outpatients attending a group CBT program for depression. The study addressed the following four questions: (1) Which baseline patient characteristics might be associated with patients' expectations for improvement? (2) Does providing a rationale and outline for treatment affect patients' expectations? (3) Are patients' expectations related to the quality of therapeutic alliance? and (4) Are patients' expectations associated with the outcome of treatment? The main findings of the study are as follows: (a) baseline symptoms of depression, quality of life and current suicidal ideations were consistently associated with outcome expectancies; (b) outcome expectancies were unrelated to treatment completion status; (c) although expectancy ratings did not change significantly for the group as a whole, there was some variability in how individual patient's expectancy ratings changed; (d) baseline expectancies were related to early‐treatment alliance quality, but not to mid‐treatment alliance, whereas early‐treatment expectancies were significantly associated with mid‐treatment alliance; and (e) baseline expectations of favourable outcome had a negative association with improvement in anxiety symptoms, yet expectancy ratings from session 3 had a positive association with improvement in quality of life and interpersonal problems. Increases in expectancy ratings were significantly related to improvement in anxiety, quality of life and interpersonal problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Patients who present in a particularly hopeless and demoralized state are likely to have low expectations for a positive outcome of treatment.
Efforts should be made in the first few sessions of therapy to mobilize patients' hope and expectation of success, for increases in one's expectations may facilitate a favourable treatment outcome.
An optimistic outlook on the probability of success in treatment may contribute to the development of a strong working relationship between the patient and the therapist.
Dynamic resource allocation for Device‐to‐Device communication underlaying cellular networks
Authors: Xu Yanfang , Yin Rui , Han Tao , Yu Guanding 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYFuture cellular networks such as IMT‐Advanced are expected to allow underlaying direct Device‐to‐Device (D2D) communication for spectrum efficiency. However, enabling D2D communication in a cellular network presents a challenge in resource allocation because of the potentially severe interference it may cause to the cellular network by reusing the spectrum with the cellular users. In this paper, we analyze the resource allocation problem in a single cell system when both cellular users and D2D users are present in the system. We first consider the scenario where cellular users and D2D users are allocated resource independently and propose an optimal algorithm and a heuristic algorithm, and then extend the methods to the scenario where cellular users and D2D users are allocated resource jointly. The number of permitted D2D pairs is selected as a performance measure because it is a more specific performance measure than spectrum efficiency. The proposed schemes maximize the number of permitted D2D communication pairs in a system meanwhile avoiding the strong interference from D2D links to the cellular links. Finally, the performance of the proposed methods is evaluated through the numerical simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed methods enhance the number of permitted D2D communication pairs significantly and that the performance of the proposed scheme for jointly allocation scenario is better than that of the proposed scheme for independently allocation scenario. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐hop medium access control protocol for low energy critical infrastructure monitoring networks using wake‐up radio
Authors: Ullah Niamat , Chowdhury M. Sanaullah , Khan Pervez , Kwak Kyung Sup 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThe IEEE 802.15.4K Task Group was formed recently to address the low energy critical infrastructure monitoring networks. The aim is to collect scheduled and event data from a large number of non‐mains powered endpoints that are widely dispersed. The application requirements include reliable data transfer, energy efficiency, and long deployment lifetime. To meet the low energy critical infrastructure monitoring network requirements, we propose a multihop medium access control protocol where the scheduled or event data are routed to the coordinator through the cluster heads. The power consumption of the cluster heads is critical as they use more power than the normal endpoints. Our protocol uses the wake‐up radio approach from cluster head to cluster head communication and an efficient guaranteed time slots allocation scheme to minimize the power consumption of the cluster heads. We derive analytical expressions for the average power consumption of cluster heads as well as ordinary endpoints. The results show that our proposed protocol outperforms the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and SCP MAC in terms of power consumption. High power efficiency is achieved in both the cluster heads and normal endpoints. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The bacterial parasite Pasteuria ramosa is not killed if it fails to infect: implications for coevolution
Authors: King Kayla C. , Auld Stuart K. J. R. , Wilson Philip J. , James Janna , Little Tom J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractStrong selection on parasites, as well as on hosts, is crucial for fueling coevolutionary dynamics. Selection will be especially strong if parasites that encounter resistant hosts are destroyed and diluted from the local environment. We tested whether spores of the bacterial parasite Pasteuria ramosa were passed through the gut (the route of infection) of their host, Daphnia magna, and whether passaged spores remained viable for a “second chance” at infecting a new host. In particular, we tested if this viability (estimated via infectivity) depended on host genotype, whether or not the genotype was susceptible, and on initial parasite dose. Our results show that Pasteuria spores generally remain viable after passage through both susceptible and resistant Daphnia. Furthermore, these spores remained infectious even after being frozen for several weeks. If parasites can get a second chance at infecting hosts in the wild, selection for infection success in the first instance will be reduced. This could also weaken reciprocal selection on hosts and slow the coevolutionary process.
Correlated responses to clonal selection in populations of Daphnia pulicaria: mechanisms of genetic correlation and the creative power of sex
Authors: Dudycha Jeffry L. , Snoke‐Smith Margaret , Alía Ricardo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGenetic correlations among traits alter evolutionary trajectories due to indirect selection. Pleiotropy, chance linkage, and selection can all lead to genetic correlations, but have different consequences for phenotypic evolution. We sought to assess the mechanisms contributing to correlations with size at maturity in the cyclic parthenogen Daphnia pulicaria. We selected on size in each of four populations that differ in the frequency of sex, and evaluated correlated responses in a life table. Size at advanced adulthood, reproductive output, and adult growth rate clearly showed greater responses in high‐sex populations, with a similar pattern in neonate size and r. This pattern is expected only when trait correlations are favored by selection and the frequency of sex favors the creation and demographic expansion of highly fit clones. Juvenile growth and age at maturity did not diverge consistently. The inter‐clutch interval appeared to respond more strongly in low‐sex populations, but this was not statistically significant. Our data support the hypothesis that correlated selection is the strongest driver of genetic correlations, and suggest that in organisms with both sexual and asexual reproduction, adaptation can be enhanced by recombination.
Functional endemism: population connectivity, shifting baselines, and the scale of human experience
Authors: Drew Joshua , Kaufman Les 
Published: December 2012

AbstractQuantifying population connectivity is important for visualizing the spatial and temporal scales that conservation measures act upon. Traditionally, migration based on genetic data has been reported in migrants per generation. However, the temporal scales over which this migration may occur do not necessarily accommodate the scales over which human perturbations occur, leaving the potential for a disconnect between population genetic data and conservation action based on those data. Here, we present a new metric called the “Rule of Memory”, which helps conservation practitioners to interpret “migrants per generation” in the context both of human modified ecosystems and the cultural memory of those doing the modification. Our rule states that clades should be considered functionally endemic regardless of their actual taxonomic designation if the migration between locations is insufficient to maintain a viable population over the timescales of one human generation (20 years). Since larger animals are more likely to be remembered, we quantify the relationship between migrants per human (N) and body mass of the organism in question (M) with the formula N = 10M−1. We then use the coral reef fish Pomacentrus moluccensis to demonstrate the taxonomic and spatial scales over which this rule can be applied. Going beyond minimum viable population literature, this metric assesses the probability that a clade's existence will be forgotten by people throughout its range during a period of extirpation. Because conservation plans are predicated on having well‐established baselines, a loss of a species over the range of one human generation evokes the likelihood of that species no longer being recognized as a member of an ecosystem, and thus being excluded in restoration or conservation prioritization. [Correction added on 26 December 2012, after first online publication: this formula has been corrected to N=10M−1].
Behavioral information biases the expected facial appearance of members of novel groups
Authors: Dotsch RON , Wigboldus DANIEL H. J. , VAN Knippenberg AD 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe present study tests the hypothesis that behavioral information diagnostic of an out‐group's traits biases the expected facial appearance of out‐group members toward having facial features corresponding with the inferred traits. Participants formed a stereotype about a novel group based on random exemplar faces, presented alongside descriptions of their behavior. The behavioral information was manipulated to reflect either trustworthy or criminal traits, whereas the stimulus faces did not reflect any traits. Afterwards, participants' expected facial appearance of group members was assessed using a reverse correlation task. Independent judges rated the resulting visualized expectations as more criminal in the criminal behavioral information condition than in the trustworthy behavioral information condition. The current work establishes a causal link between behavioral information and expected out‐group faces where previously only correlations had been observed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urine proteomics for discovery of improved diagnostic markers of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Kentsis Alex , Shulman Andrew , Ahmed Saima , Brennan Eileen , Monuteaux Michael C. , Lee Young‐Ho , Lipsett Susan , Paulo Joao A. , Dedeoglu Fatma , Fuhlbrigge Robert , Bachur Richard , Bradwin Gary , Arditi Moshe , Sundel Robert P. , Newburger Jane W. , Steen Hanno , Kim Susan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractKawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. Absence of definitive diagnostic markers limits the accuracy of clinical evaluations of suspected KD with significant increases in morbidity. In turn, incomplete understanding of its molecular pathogenesis hinders the identification of rational targets needed to improve therapy. We used high‐accuracy mass spectrometry proteomics to analyse over 2000 unique proteins in clinical urine specimens of patients with KD. We discovered that urine proteomes of patients with KD, but not those with mimicking conditions, were enriched for markers of cellular injury such as filamin and talin, immune regulators such as complement regulator CSMD3, immune pattern recognition receptor muclin, and immune cytokine protease meprin A. Significant elevations of filamin C and meprin A were detected in both the serum and urine in two independent cohorts of patients with KD, comprised of a total of 236 patients. Meprin A and filamin C exhibited superior diagnostic performance as compared to currently used markers of disease in a blinded case‐control study of 107 patients with suspected KD, with receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve of 0.98 (95% confidence intervals [CI] of 0.97–1 and 0.95–1, respectively). Notably, meprin A was enriched in the coronary artery lesions of a mouse model of KD. In all, urine proteome profiles revealed novel candidate molecular markers of KD, including filamin C and meprin A that exhibit excellent diagnostic performance. These disease markers may improve the diagnostic accuracy of clinical evaluations of children with suspected KD, lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and allow the development of a biological classification of Kawasaki disease.
Evaluation of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) as biomonitors of mercury contamination in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Blackwell Bradley D. , Driscoll Charles T. , Spada Michael E. , Todorova Svetoslava G. , Montesdeoca Mario R. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Zebra mussels have invaded many lakes in the United States and could be a useful tool for monitoring responses of aquatic biota to changes in mercury loading. The goal of the present study was to evaluate zebra mussels for use as a biomonitor of mercury contamination by comparing zebra mussel mercury concentrations between a lake with only indirect atmospheric mercury contamination (Otisco Lake, NY, USA) and a lake that was directly contaminated by mercury discharges (Onondaga Lake, NY, USA). Zebra mussels were sampled in both the spring and fall of 2004 and 2005. Total mercury (THg) concentrations in zebra mussels were approximately seven times greater in Onondaga Lake than in Otisco Lake, and water column mercury concentrations differed by an order of magnitude between the two lakes. Seasonal differences resulted in significantly higher zebra mussel THg concentrations during the fall for both lakes. There was also significant variation among different sampling sites in Onondaga Lake. Mussel methylmercury concentrations averaged 53% of THg concentrations but were highly variable. Strong relationships between water column THg and zebra mussel THg suggest that zebra mussels are a good indicator of aquatic mercury concentrations and could be used as an effective biomonitor of mercury contamination in aquatic ecosystems. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:638–643. © 2012 SETAC
Sensory characteristics of high‐amylose maize‐resistant starch in three food products
Authors: Maziarz Mindy , Sherrard Melanie , Juma Shanil , Prasad Chandan , Imrhan Victorine , Vijayagopal Parakat 
Published: December 2012

AbstractType 2 resistant starch from high‐amylose maize (HAM‐RS2) is considered a functional ingredient due to its positive organoleptic and physiochemical modifications associated with food and physiological benefits related to human health. The sensory characteristics of three types of food products (muffins, focaccia bread, and chicken curry) with and without HAM‐RS2 were evaluated using a 9‐point hedonic scale. The HAM‐RS2‐enriched muffins, focaccia bread, and chicken curry contained 5.50 g/100 g, 13.10 g/100 g, and 8.94 g/100 g RS, respectively, based on lyophilized dry weight. The HAM‐RS2‐enriched muffin had higher moisture content and was perceived as being significantly moister than the control according to the sensory evaluation. The addition of HAM‐RS2 to muffins significantly enhanced all sensory characteristics and resulted in a higher mean overall likeability score. The HAM‐RS2‐enriched focaccia bread appeared significantly darker in color, was more dense, and had the perception of a well‐done crust versus the control. A grainer texture was observed with the chicken curry containing HAM‐RS2 which did not significantly affect overall likeability. We concluded that the addition of HAM‐RS2 may not significantly alter consumer's acceptability in most food products.