bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cause analysis of the compression spring stress relaxation of circuit breaker operating mechanism in a 220 kV Substation
Authors: Xie Yi , Shen Dingjie , Hu Jun , Ding Xiaoxiong , Chen Hanyang , Liang Qin , He Pengfei , Yao Qiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The energy storage compression spring of the LW35-126 circuit breaker operating mechanism has become stress-relaxed in a 220 kV substation after only one year. It was found that the height of the failed spring was 23 mm shorter than that of the new spring of this model during the first annual maintenance. In order to analyze the reason for 60Si2CrVA spring stress relaxation, the stress state of the spring service was analyzed according to the service status. By analyzing the tensile strength, composition, hardness, and microstructure of failed springs, it was found that the main cause of stress relaxation is the incorrect tempering temperature of the 60Si2CrVA spring. Excessive tempering temperature led to coarse massive ferrite and coarsened carbides, reducing the activation energy of the material’s stress process and causing premature stress relaxation failure of the spring material.
Multilayer multiband hybrid fractal antenna for public safety and 5G Sub-6 GHz bands
Authors: Anand Saurabh , Kumar Ashwini 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work, a multiband hybrid fractal antenna is developed for public safety and 5G Sub-6 GHz bands. Proposed antenna design is designed, analyzed, and optimized using HFSS simulator. Radiating element of the proposed antenna consists of Hybrid Fractal shape which is designed using Koch and Hilbert curve fractal geometry. Hybrid Fractal Antenna (HFA) is designed on a Multilayer FR4 substrate which has an overall size of 0.22 × 0.47 × 0.044 ƛ3. Parametric analysis of the proposed design is done to get the optimum results. Proposed HFA resonates at 2.64 GHz (2.34–2.80 GHz), 3.87, 4.54, 5.02, 5.35 GHz (3.73–5.55 GHz), and 6.42 GHz (5.70–6.72 GHz) with a gain of 4.2, 0.9, 2.9, 3.3, 4.6, and 3.7 dBi respectively. The proposed HFA is useful for 5G bands such as: N7 band, N38 band, N40 band, N41 band, N47 band, N53 band, N79 band, N90 band and N93 band, and also useful for public safety band (4.9 GHz). Prototype of the proposed HFA is fabricated and tested in lab for the verification of simulated results. The results show good performance in terms of reflection coefficient, gain, and bandwidth. Measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results.
The Institutionalization of Electoral Commissions in Africa and Nigeria Post-1990
Authors: Kerr Nicholas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 provides a history of electoral commissions (ECs) in sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria, paying attention to institutional development since the wave of multipartyism in the 1990s. The chapter begins by outlining the book’s approach for conceptualizing and measuring EC autonomy and capacity. The chapter highlights four ideal commissions (based on high/low levels of autonomy and capacity) and describes the main trends in continuity and change across Africa’s ECs. Average autonomy and capacity of ECs has not increased substantially since the end of the 1990s. There is, however, considerable within- and cross-country variation in the institutionalization of ECs, which underscores the importance of studying the impact of ECs on election quality and legitimacy. Then, the chapter describes the development of Nigeria’s EC and highlights three periods of institutionalization (1999–2009; 2010–15; 2016–19), during which the quality and legitimacy of elections in Nigeria fluctuated.
Electoral Commissions and Nigerian Voters
Authors: Kerr Nicholas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 continues the book’s focus on citizens and takes advantage of original post-election survey data collected in Nigeria (in 2015 and 2019) to understand the consequences of citizens’ experiences with electoral commissions (ECs) on election day. The results suggest that negative interactions—mainly administrative problems such as long lines and malfunctioning voting equipment—have adverse implications for perceptions of election fairness, and future electoral participation. What is even more surprising is that these findings are almost identical across two elections, where INEC’s national-level performance was rated as qualitatively different by observers and election experts. These findings underscore the relevance of balancing the national and the local when studying the impact of ECs, and how malfunctioning election technology can become a focal point for mass distrust of elections.
The Reformation of the Battlefield in Early Modern Britain
Authors: Atherton Ian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Reformation meant not just ecclesiastical change but a transformation of the ways by which Protestants remembered the past. A hitherto overlooked aspect of that reformation of memory is the reformation of the battlefield. The abolition of prayers for the dead and Protestant allergies to notions of sacred spaces meant that battle sites were no longer considered consecrated ground, and commemorative crosses or chapels were not erected on the battlefields of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Instead, the site of memory shifted from the battlefield to the bodies of wounded veterans, and print became key to the memory of conflict, with the first printed battlefield maps. The early modern period is a crucial break in pre-Reformation conflict memories, and overturns current narratives which often see the commemoration of the First World War as a continuation of medieval traditions of battlefields as sacred ground marked by the graves of the fallen.
The Relation Between Lovingness and the Virtues
Authors: Swanton Christine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter elaborates and defends the claim that lovingness is at the heart of all virtues whether or not a virtue is properly described as a virtue of love. It may be thought that this view is incompatible with what Daniel Russell has called Hard Virtue Ethics, the orthodox Aristotelian position that practical wisdom is ‘a crucial part of all the virtues’. Opponents of Hard Virtue Ethics claim that what is necessary for virtue is not practical wisdom but rather having a good heart, the right emotional orientation, or the right intrinsic desires. I deny the alleged incompatibility and ally myself with the Hard Virtue Ethics camp. Practical wisdom on my view is necessary for virtue but right emotional orientation is necessary for practical wisdom. More specifically I argue that lovingness is part of all virtue and thus that lovingness is an essential aspect of practical wisdom.
Creativity and Self-Love
Authors: Swanton Christine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
For many, self-love is the foundation of all loves. This point of view raises the issue of the relation between self-love and altruistic love of other, considered by authors such as Bernard Williams and Nietzsche in his attack on “altruism”. This chapter focuses on what counts as a non-virtuous denial of one’s subjectivity by showing that self-love, properly understood, is a component (but not necessarily a target or aim) of all virtue including the altruistic ones (where clearly self-love is not a target). We need to distinguish an altruism driven by the logic of what has been called an ethics of ‘the extreme demand’ and a proper pursuit of the personal that does not lapse into unethical individualism. Virtuous self-love needs to be distinguished from non-virtuous forms of “self-esteem”.
Forgiveness
Authors: Swanton Christine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores what is distinctive of forgiveness as a virtue of universal love particularly by comparison with benevolence. It is argued that virtuous forgiveness has different properties from forgiveness as a communicative act. Forgiveness does not simply involve having a loving orientation; rather it is characteristically constituted by a retrieval of such an orientation after it has been disrupted by anger subsequent to certain sorts of wrong doing. However, forgiveness is not just a commitment to see the other in benevolent terms; it involves too an openness to the restoration or strengthening of a bond that has been compromised or destroyed, or the formation of a new bond. Several puzzles associated with understanding forgiveness as a virtue are discussed, for example the compatibility of the claims that forgiveness is a virtue of unconditional universal love and yet it may not be wrong to have failed to forgive.
More Frequent Solitary Alcohol Consumption Is Associated With Poorer Diet Quality, Worse Sleep, Higher Body Mass Index, and More Problematic Alcohol Use
Authors: Skrzynski Carillon J , Chen Margy Y , Bryan Angela D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Solitary drinking is a risky drinking pattern associated with increased substance use and psychosocial problems. However, very little is known regarding the associations between drinking alone and broader health status and behaviors.

Purpose
Accordingly, this study examined the relationship between health metrics and solitary drinking among individuals who currently drink (N = 99, 46.46% female, 88.89% White).

Methods
U.S. participants between 21 and 40 years old were recruited. Measures included self-reported diet, physical activity, sleep, cannabis use, general and solitary alcohol use, and objective anthropomorphic measures (e.g., body mass index [BMI]) using data from both a baseline appointment and 30 days of daily diary responses. Adjusting for general alcohol use, age, and gender, associations at baseline were assessed through regression analyses, while daily data were analyzed via mixed effects models.

Results
Several health measures were associated with solitary drinking. Specifically, solitary drinking was related to consuming fewer servings of fruits and vegetables and greater quantities of alcohol based on daily data. Baseline data showed an association between solitary drinking and higher BMIs, poorer sleep quality, greater sugar consumption, and hazardous drinking.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that beyond substance and psychosocial problems associated with solitary drinking, this drinking behavior may be a warning sign for health risks and, subsequently, broader health problems.
The Association Between Social Isolation and Medication Adherence Among Chinese Older Adults With Chronic Diseases: Serial Mediation of Social Support and Loneliness
Authors: Yu Yong , Huang Qianyue , Ren Zheng , Ou Zhiwen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Medication adherence is essential for chronic disease management among older adults. Previous studies have shown significant links among social isolation, social support, loneliness, and medication adherence, yet most were based on cross-sectional designs.

Purpose
We conducted a longitudinal cohort study among Chinese older adults with chronic diseases to explore the mediating effects of social support and loneliness in the association between social isolation and medication adherence.

Methods
This study followed a cohort of 797 older adults with chronic diseases in China from 2022 to 2023. The serial mediation model was examined via bootstrapping techniques to evaluate the mediating effect of social support and loneliness in the association between social isolation and medication adherence.

Results
From baseline to follow-up, there were significant decreases in social support (from 26.6 ± 6.2 to 23.5 ± 6.7) and medication adherence (from 6.7 ± 1.2 to 6.0 ± 1.5) and significant increases in social isolation (from 1.8 ± 1.3 to 2.5 ± 1.4) and loneliness (13.2 ± 4.1 to 23.5 ± 6.7), all with p &lt; .001. A serial mediation model was confirmed, where social support and loneliness serially and partially mediated the association between social isolation and medication adherence (total effect c = −0.216, 95% CI = −0.296 to −0.136; direct effect cʹ = −0.094, 95% CI = −0.171 to −0.017; total indirect effect ab = −0.122, 95% CI = −0.179 to −0.070).

Conclusions
Our findings yield critical insights into the relationship between social isolation and medication adherence through various mediating mechanisms. These findings hold significant implications for devising psychosocial interventions to enhance medication adherence among older adults with chronic diseases, underscoring the pivotal role of bolstering social support and alleviating loneliness.
Perception is reality: qualitative insights into how consumers perceive alcohol warning labels
Authors: Kemper Joya , Rolleston Anna , Matthews Kristen , Garner Katie , Lang Bodo , Jiang Yannan , Ni Mhurchu Cliona , Walker Natalie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsThis study explores perspectives of on-pack alcohol warning labels, and how they might influence alcohol purchase and/or consumption behavior to inform culturally appropriate label design for effective behavior change.MethodsNew Zealand participants ≥18 years, who reported having purchased and consumed alcoholic beverages in the last month were recruited via a market research panel and grouped into 10 focus groups (n = 53) by ethnicity (general population, Māori, and Pacific peoples), age group, and level of alcohol consumption. Participants were shown six potential alcohol health warning labels, with design informed by relevant literature, label framework, and stakeholder feedback. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed via qualitative (directed) content analysis.ResultsEffective alcohol labels should be prominent, featuring large red and/or black text with a red border, combining text with visuals, and words like “WARNING” in capitals. Labels should contrast with bottle color, be easily understood, and avoid excessive text and confusing imagery. Participants preferred specific health outcomes, such as heart disease and cancer, increasing message urgency and relevance. Anticipated behavior change included reduced drinking and increased awareness of harms, but some may attempt to mitigate warnings by covering or removing labels. Contextual factors, including consistent design and targeted labels for different beverages and populations, are crucial. There was a strong emphasis on collective health impacts, particularly among Māori and Pacific participants.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that implementing alcohol warning labels, combined with comprehensive strategies like retail and social marketing campaigns, could effectively inform and influence the behavior of New Zealand’s varied drinkers.
The conundrum of costs allocation in international investment arbitrations: a proposed practical solution to enhance predictability of costs decisions
Authors: Minella Nicolò 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper analyses how international investment tribunals constituted under the ICSID and UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules addressed the matter of costs allocation. After a review and classification of some of the most relevant decisions of the last decades on the topic, the paper concludes that costs decision in investment arbitration are extremely erratic and unpredictable still today, with negative consequences for the parties’ interests that should not be underestimated. For this reason, the paper puts forward a new practical approach which might be adopted by arbitral tribunals in investment cases, and that—while ensuring full compliance with the applicable arbitration rules—would enhance predictability and lead to more rational and ‘just’ costs decisions.
Enhancing novel isoform discovery: leveraging nanopore long-read sequencing and machine learning approaches
Authors: Santucci Kristina , Cheng Yuning , Xu Si-Mei , Janitz Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Long-read sequencing technologies can capture entire RNA transcripts in a single sequencing read, reducing the ambiguity in constructing and quantifying transcript models in comparison to more common and earlier methods, such as short-read sequencing. Recent improvements in the accuracy of long-read sequencing technologies have expanded the scope for novel splice isoform detection and have also enabled a far more accurate reconstruction of complex splicing patterns and transcriptomes. Additionally, the incorporation and advancements of machine learning and deep learning algorithms in bioinformatic software have significantly improved the reliability of long-read sequencing transcriptomic studies. However, there is a lack of consensus on what bioinformatic tools and pipelines produce the most precise and consistent results. Thus, this review aims to discuss and compare the performance of available methods for novel isoform discovery with long-read sequencing technologies, with 25 tools being presented. Furthermore, this review intends to demonstrate the need for developing standard analytical pipelines, tools, and transcript model conventions for novel isoform discovery and transcriptomic studies.
The Ideal Client: Selecting Candidates for Drug Treatment in Prison
Authors: Lunde Rose Elisabeth 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Therapeutic interventions have been implemented in many prison systems around the world, in an attempt to address high rates of harmful substance use amongst people in prison. This article analyses the criteria for acceptance to drug recovery units in Norwegian prisons, based on an ethnographic study of four high-security prisons and 22 interviews with prison staff. The main criteria that were considered by staff during the assessment of potential candidates, were the timing and type of sentence applicants held; the type of offence applicants were convicted for; the types of medications they used and their perceived motivations for entering treatment.
Ex Vivo Host Transcriptomics During Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii, and Candida albicans Infection of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From South African Volunteers
Authors: Doyle Ronan M , Kannambath Shichina , Pittman Alan , Goliath Rene , Kumar Vinod , Meintjes Graeme , Milburn James , Netea Mihai G , Harrison Thomas S , Jarvis Joseph N , Bicanic Tihana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii, and Candida albicans are opportunistic fungal pathogens associated with infections in immunocompromised hosts. Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is the leading fungal cause of human immunodeficiency virus–related deaths globally, with the majority occurring in Africa. The human immune response to C albicans infection has been studied extensively in large genomics studies whereas cryptococcal infections, despite their severity, are comparatively understudied. Here we investigated the transcriptional response of immune cells after in vitro stimulation with in vitro C neoformans, C gattii, and C albicans infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from healthy South African volunteers. We found a lower transcriptional response to cryptococcal stimuli compared to C albicans and unique expression signatures from all 3 fungal stimuli. This work provides a starting point for further studies comparing the transcriptional signature of CM in immunocompromised patients, with the goal of identifying biomarkers of disease severity and possible novel treatment targets.
An innovative population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic strategy for attaining aggressive joint PK/PD target of continuous infusion ceftazidime/avibactam against KPC- and OXA-48- producing Enterobacterales and preventing resistance development in critically ill patients
Authors: Cojutti Pier Giorgio , Pai Manjunath P , Gatti Milo , Rinaldi Matteo , Ambretti Simone , Viale Pierluigi , Pea Federico 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Ceftazidime/avibactam is a key antibiotic for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) Gram-negative infections, but current dosing may be suboptimal to grant activity. This study explores the population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of continuous infusion (CI) ceftazidime/avibactam for maximizing treatment efficacy in critically ill patients.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of adult patients receiving CI ceftazidime/avibactam and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of both compounds was performed. Population PK/PD modelling identified the most accurate method for estimating ceftazidime/avibactam clearance based on kidney function and Monte Carlo simulations investigated the relationship between various CI dosing regimens and aggressive joint PK/PD target attainment of ceftazidime/avibactam.

Results
The European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equation best described kidney function for ceftazidime/avibactam clearance. The findings challenge the current approach of only reducing the ceftazidime/avibactam dose based on kidney function by identifying dose adjustments in patients with augmented kidney function. Our CI ceftazidime/avibactam dosing strategies, adjusted by TDM, showed promise for achieving optimal aggressive joint PK/PD targets and potentially improving clinical/microbiological outcomes against KPC- and OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales. The risk of neurotoxicity associated with these strategies appears acceptable.

Conclusions
This study suggests that adjusting ceftazidime/avibactam dosing regimen based solely on eCLcr might be suboptimal for critically ill patients. Higher daily doses delivered by CI and adjusted based on TDM have the potential to improve aggressive joint PK/PD target attainment and potentially clinical/microbiological outcomes. Further investigations are warranted to confirm these findings and establish optimal TDM-guided dosing strategies for ceftazidime/avibactam in clinical practice.
Automated feathered edge blood smear analysis: early diagnosis of carcinocythemia in a case of disseminated intravascular coagulation with multi-organ failure
Authors: Briers Marth , Mylemans Marnix , Tousseyn Thomas , Lai Lo Man , Tajdar Mercedeh , Van Laer Christine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Carcinocythemia, known as the presence of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood, is difficult to detect when the carcinoma cells are minimally present. We describe a case of a 56-year-old patient presenting with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and multiple organ failure. Despite initial suspicion of sepsis, a peripheral blood smear showed the presence of atypical cells, mainly located at the feathered edge, leading to a presumptive diagnosis of carcinocythemia of unknown primary origin. The presence of a high-fluorescent cell population detected by our hematology analyzer (Sysmex XN-9100) and immunohistochemical staining with pancytokeratin AE1/AE3 confirmed the carcinoma cell origin. The patient died 4 days after referral to our hospital. Postmortem examination revealed a pleomorphic lobular breast carcinoma (triple-negative, androgen receptor-negative). Given the clinical acuity of patients with carcinocythemia, early diagnosis is essential to guide management. This case underscores the importance of optimizing current workflows relying on complex flagging algorithms and enhanced digital imaging to aid in the early detection of such rare condition. When patients present with DIC of unknown origin and high fluorescent signals are detected on the hematology analyzer, carcinocythemia should actively be ruled out by extensive microscopic peripheral blood examination.