bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug‐Related Readmissions to Medical Units of Older Adults Discharged from Acute Geriatric Units: Results of the Optimization of Medication in AGEd Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bonnet‐Zamponi Dominique , d'Arailh Lydie , Konrat Cécile , Delpierre Sandrine , Lieberherr Deborah , Lemaire Aurélie , Tubach Florence , Lacaille Sophie , Legrain Sylvie ,   the Optimization of Medication in AGEd study group
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesTo assess the effect of an intervention on drug‐related problem (DRP; adverse drug reactions, adherence problems, underuse)‐related readmission rates in older adults.DesignAncillary study from a 6‐month, prospective, randomized, parallel‐group, open‐label trial.SettingSix acute geriatric units in Paris and suburbs.ParticipantsSix hundred sixty‐five consecutively admitted individuals were included: 317 in the intervention group (IG) and 348 in the control group (CG) (aged 86.1 ± 6.2, 66% female).InterventionDischarge‐planning intervention combining chronic drug review, education, and enhanced transition‐of‐care communication.MeasurementsChronic drugs at discharge of the two groups were compared. An expert committee blinded to group assignment adjudicated whether 6‐month readmission to the study hospitals was related to drugs.ResultsSix hundred thirty‐nine individuals were discharged and followed up (300 IG, 339 CG). The intervention had no significant effect on drug regimen at discharge, characterized by prescriptions that are mostly appropriate but increase iatrogenic risk. Three hundred eleven readmissions occurred during follow‐up (180 CG, 131 IG), of which 185 (59.5%) were adjudicated (102 CG, 83 IG). For 16, DRP imputability was doubtful. Of the remaining 169, DRPs were the most frequent cause for readmission, with 38 (40.4%) readmissions in the CG and 26 (34.7%) in the IG (relative risk reduction = 14.3%, 95% confidence interval = 14.0–14.5%, P = .54). The intervention was associated with 39.7% fewer readmissions related to adverse drug reactions (P = .12) despite the study's lack of power.ConclusionDrug‐related problem prevention in older people discharged from the hospital should be a priority, with a focus on improving the monitoring of drugs with high iatrogenic risk.
Relation of erythrocyte indices and serum iron level with clinical and histological progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma in central India
Authors: Anees Ahmed Riyaz Ahmed , Ganvir Sindhu M. , Hazarey Vinay K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimThis study aims to evaluate the relation of erythrocyte indices and serum iron level with clinical and histopathological progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsEighty newly diagnosed OSCC patients recruited for the study were divided according to tumor size int three groups. Erythrocyte indices (e.g., hemoglobin [Hb], red blood cell [RBC] count, packed cell volume [PCV]) and serum iron level (S.Fe) were evaluated with normal reference values, control subject, primary tumor size and histopathological grading. Correlation of Hb to S.Fe was also analyzed.ResultsWe found that 56.36, 61.81, and 83.63% of males and 76, 32, and 88% of female patients were anemic in terms of Hb%, RBC count and PCV respectively, whereas the remainding indices and S.Fe were within normal range (P < 0.05). Percent Hb, RBC count and PCV gradually decreased with increasing tumor size and histopathological grading (P > 0.05). Moderate to weak correlation was observed between Hb and S.Fe (P < 0.05).ConclusionsTumor‐induced hemolysis appeared to be responsible for anemia in OSCC and its severity increased with the progression of tumor. Moderate to weak correlation exists between Hb and S.Fe probably owing to the dual requirement of iron for bone marrow and the tumor.
Feasibility of alpha tricalcium phosphate for vertical bone augmentation
Authors: Nyan Myat , Miyahara Takayuki , Noritake Kanako , Hao Jia , Rodriguez Reena , Kasugai Shohei 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimInadequate vertical bone compromises dental implant positioning and subsequent restoration. This study was carried out to investigate the feasibility of alpha tricalcium phosphate (α‐TCP) for vertical bone augmentation.MethodsNine cortical perforations were made on each side of the parietal bone of rat calvaria under continuous saline coolant. Polytetrafluoroethylene cylinders were placed under the periosteum and α‐TCP particles were applied in the cylinders in the TCP group while the cylinders were left empty in the control group. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery and analyzed radiologically and histologically.ResultsThe augmented bone volumes in the control and TCP groups were 91.5 ± 25.6% and 76.5 ± 49.8% (mean ± SD) of the original bone at 4 weeks, and 136.3 ± 59.7% and 139 ± 62.4% at 8 weeks respectively. There was no significant difference between control and test groups. At 4 weeks the bone height was augmented by 168.8 ± 26.7% and 128.8 ± 62% in the control and TCP groups respectively (not significant), whereas significantly higher vertical bone was achieved in the TCP group than in the control group at 8 weeks (251 ± 32% vs 179.2 ± 30.3%, P < 0.05).ConclusionAfter 8 weeks α‐TCP is effective in maintaining space under periosteum and potentially would be applicable in vertical bone augmentation.
Quantitative microscopy approach for shape‐based erythrocytes characterization in anaemia
Authors: DAS D.K. , CHAKRABORTY C. , MITRA B. , MAITI A.K. , RAY A.K. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryAnaemia is one of the most common diseases in the world population. Primarily anaemia is identified based on haemoglobin level; and then microscopically examination of peripheral blood smear is required for characterizing and confirmation of anaemic stages. In conventional approach, experts visually characterize abnormality present in the erythrocytes under light microscope, and this evaluation process is subjective in nature and error prone. In this study, we have proposed a methodology using machine learning techniques for characterizing erythrocytes in anaemia associated with anaemia using microscopic images of peripheral blood smears. First, peripheral blood smear images are preprocessed based on grey world assumption technique and geometric mean filter for reducing unevenness of background illumination and noise reduction. Then erythrocyte cells are segmented using marker‐controlled watershed segmentation technique. The erythrocytes in anaemia, such as, tear drop, echinocyte, acanthocyte, elliptocyte, sickle cells and normal erythrocytes cells have been characterized and classified based on their morphological changes. Optimal subset of features, ranked by information gain measure provides highest classification performance using logistic regression classifier in comparison with other standard classifiers.
Mice with selective elimination of striatal acetylcholine release are lean, show altered energy homeostasis and changed sleep/wake cycle
Authors: Guzman Monica S. , De Jaeger Xavier , Drangova Maria , Prado Marco A. M. , Gros Robert , Prado Vania F. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCholinergic neurons are known to regulate striatal circuits; however, striatal‐dependent physiological outcomes influenced by acetylcholine (ACh) are still poorly under;?>stood. Here, we used vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT)D2‐Cre‐flox/flox mice, in which we selectively ablated the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in the striatum to dissect the specific roles of striatal ACh in metabolic homeostasis. We report that VAChTD2‐Cre‐flox/flox mice are lean at a young age and maintain this lean phenotype with time. The reduced body weight observed in these mutant mice is not attributable to reduced food intake or to a decrease in growth rate. In addition, changed activity could not completely explain the lean phenotype, as only young VAChTD2‐Cre‐flox/flox mice showed increased physical activity. Interestingly, VAChTD2‐Cre‐flox/flox mice show several metabolic changes, including increased plasma levels of insulin and leptin. They also show increased periods of wakefulness when compared with littermate controls. Taken together, our data suggest that striatal ACh has an important role in the modulation of metabolism and highlight the importance of striatum cholinergic tone in the regulation of energy expenditure. These new insights on how cholinergic neurons influence homeostasis open new avenues for the search of drug targets to treat obesity.
Optimism Is Universal: Exploring the Presence and Benefits of Optimism in a Representative Sample of the World
Authors: Gallagher Matthew W. , Lopez Shane J. , Pressman Sarah D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCurrent theories of optimism suggest that the tendency to maintain positive expectations for the future is an adaptive psychological resource associated with improved well‐being and physical health, but the majority of previous optimism research has been conducted in industrialized nations. The present study examined (a) whether optimism is universal, (b) what demographic factors predict optimism, and (c) whether optimism is consistently associated with improved subjective well‐being and perceived health worldwide. The present study used representative samples of 142 countries that together represent 95% of the world's population. The total sample of 150,048 individuals had a mean age of 38.28 (SD = 16.85) and approximately equal sex distribution (51.2% female). The relationships between optimism, subjective well‐being, and perceived health were examined using hierarchical linear modeling. Results indicated that most individuals and most countries worldwide are optimistic and that higher levels of optimism are associated with improved subjective well‐being and perceived health worldwide. The present study provides compelling evidence that optimism is a universal phenomenon and that the associations between optimism and improved psychological functioning are not limited to industrialized nations.
Management of childhood stuttering
Authors: Onslow Mark , O'Brian Sue 
Published: December 2012

AbstractStuttering is a speech disorder that begins during the first years of life and is among the most prevalent of developmental disorders. It appears to be a problem with neural processing of speech involving genetics. Onset typically occurs during the first years of life, shortly after language development begins. Clinical presentation during childhood is interrupted and effortful speech production, often with rapid onset. If not corrected during early childhood, it becomes intractable and can cause psychological, social, educational and occupational problems. There is evidence from replicated clinical trials to support early intervention during the pre‐school years. Meta‐analysis of studies indicates that children who receive early intervention during the pre‐school years are 7.7 times more likely to have resolution of their stuttering. Early intervention is recommended with a speech pathologist. Some children who begin to stutter will recover without such intervention. However, the number of such recoveries is currently not known, and it is not possible to predict which children are likely to recover naturally. Consequently, the current best practice is for speech pathologists to monitor children for signs of natural recovery for up to 1 year before beginning treatment.
Echovirus 19 associated with a case of acute flaccid paralysis
Authors: Kesson Alison M , Choo Chong Ming , Troedson Christopher , Thorley Bruce R , Roberts Jason A 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAcute flaccid paralysis can be caused by many members of the enterovirus genus, most notably the three poliviruses types 1 to 3. We report the case of acute flaccid paralysis caused by echovirus 19. The Western Pacific region has been declared polio free by the WHO since 2000. Australia is now using inactivated polio vaccine in the National Immunization Schedule. This vaccine does not carry the extremely rare risk of vaccine associated acute flaccid paralysis but it does leave our newly vaccinated population open gastrointestinal infection with polioviruses and the risk of circulation of the wild‐type virus. Continued surveillance of cases of acute flaccid paralysis is to detect polioviruses is essential until poliovirus is completely eradicated.
A Survey of Postsecondary Education Programs for Students With Intellectual Disabilities in the United States
Authors: Grigal Meg , Hart Debra , Weir Cate 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe authors present findings from a 2009 survey of postsecondary education (PSE) programs for students with an intellectual disability (ID) conducted in the United States. The survey was designed to collect descriptive information on characteristics and practices of existing PSE programs for students with an ID. The survey consisted of 63 items organized into 10 sections including: institution or program characteristics, dual enrollment characteristics, referral and application process, college course access and supports, employment, residential options and campus access, family support, student outcomes, challenges, and program contact information. Some 149 programs in institutions of higher education in 39 states indicated that they served students with ID. PSE program characteristics included basic characteristics, recruitment and admission, course access, campus activities, accommodations, funding, collaboration, employment, and residential services. The results of the survey show that for students with an ID, the college experience differs in a number of important ways from the experiences of their peers without an ID. The high degree of variability among programs responding to the survey suggests that the experiences of students with ID differ from one program to another as well. The authors note that their findings can be used to describe current practice as well as to serve as a baseline of practice that will be important to reference as the field evolves.
Gaze cueing as a function of perceived gaze direction
Authors: Qian Qian , Song Miao , Shinomori Keizo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPrevious studies have found that attention is automatically oriented in the direction of other people's gaze. This study directly investigated whether the perceiving gaze direction modulates the orienting of observers' attention. Gaze perception was manipulated by changing the face context (head orientation) of the gaze cue: the perceived gaze angle was increased (or decreased) when the head and gaze are congruent (or incongruent), while the local‐feature information of the eye region was preserved for all stimuli. The results showed that gaze‐cueing effects were enhanced when the perceived gaze direction was averted more toward left or right, and reduced when the perceived gaze direction was closer to direct gaze. The results suggest that gaze‐cueing effects are based on mechanisms specialized for gaze perception, and the magnitude of gaze‐cueing effects was probably a function of the perceived gaze direction.
Evaluation of regional limb perfusion with erythromycin using the saphenous, cephalic, or palmar digital veins in standing horses
Authors: Kelmer G. , Martin‐Jimenez T. , Saxton A. M. , Catasus C. , Elliot S. B. , Lakritz J. 
Published: December 2012

There are no reported studies evaluating the use of erythromycin for regional limb perfusion (RLP) in horses. Our hypothesis was that using the cephalic and saphenous veins forRLPwill enable delivery of therapeutic concentrations of erythromycin to the distal limb. Nineteen healthy horses participated in the study. The cephalic, saphenous or palmar digital (PD) vein was used to perfuse the limb with erythromycin. Synovial samples were collected from the metacarpo/metatarso‐phalangeal (MCP/MTP) joint and blood samples were collected from the jugular vein. Maximum concentration (Cmax) of erythromycin in theMCPjoint using the cephalic vein was 113 mg/L. TheCmaxof erythromycin in theMTPjoint using the saphenous vein was 38 mg/L. Erythromycin administered using thePDvein was not detectable in theMCP/MTPjoint of four of six horses. Concentrations of erythromycin achieved in the synovial fluid of theMCP/MTPjoint were between 152 and 452 times the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) forRhodococcus equi(R. equi). In conclusion, the results indicate that when using the saphenous or cephalic veins forRLP, therapeutic concentrations of erythromycin in theMTP/MTPjoint can be consistently reached.
Cosmogenic neon in grains separated from individual chondrules: Evidence of precompaction exposure in chondrules
Authors: DAS J. P. , GOSWAMI J. N. , PRAVDIVTSEVA O. V. , MESHIK A. P. , HOHENBERG C. M. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract– Neon was measured in 39 individual olivine (or olivine‐rich) grains separated from individual chondrules from Dhajala, Bjurböle, Chainpur, Murchison, and Parsa chondrites with spallation‐produced 21Ne the result of interaction of energetic particle irradiation. The apparent 21Ne cosmic ray exposure (CRE) ages of most grains are similar to those of the matrix with the exception of three grains from Dhajala and single grains from Bjurböle and Chainpur, which show excesses, reflecting exposure to energetic particles prior to final compaction of the object. Among these five grains, one from chondrule BJ2A5 of Bjurböle shows an apparent excess exposure age of approximately 20 Ma and the other four from Dhajala and Chainpur have apparent excesses, described as an “age,” from 2 to 17 Ma. The precompaction irradiation effects of grains from chondrules do not appear to be different from the effects seen in olivine grains extracted from the matrix of CM chondrites. As was the case for the matrix grains, there appears to be insufficient time for this precompaction irradiation by the contemporary particle sources. The apparent variations within single chondrules appear to constrain precompaction irradiation effects to irradiation by lower energy solar particles, rather than galactic cosmic rays, supporting the conclusion derived from the precompaction irradiation effects in CM matrix grains, but for totally different reasons. This observation is consistent with Chandra X‐Ray Observatory data for young low‐mass stars, which suggest that our own Sun may have been 105 times more active in an early naked T‐Tauri phase (Feigelson et al. 2002).
Effect of multivitamin supplements on weight gain during pregnancy amongHIV‐negative women inTanzania
Authors: Changamire Freeman T. , Mwiru Ramadhani S. , Peterson Karen E. , Msamanga Gernard I. , Spiegelman Donna , Petraro Paul , Urassa Willy , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMultivitamin supplementation has been shown to reduce the risk of low birthweight. This effect could be mediated through gestational weight gain. However, the effect of multivitamin supplementation on weight gain during pregnancy has not been fully studied. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of multivitamins on pregnancy weight gain. We enrolled 8468HIV‐negative women fromDar esSalaam,Tanzania, in a randomised, placebo‐controlled trial of multivitamins on birth outcomes. Women were randomly assigned to receive either a daily oral dose of multivitamin tablets or a placebo and were weighed every 4 weeks from enrolment until the last visit before delivery. Intent‐to‐treat analyses were carried out to examine the effects of multivitamins on pregnancy weight gain. Multivariate linear and binomial regression models with the log‐link function were used to examine the association of weight gain during pregnancy to birthweight. The overall total weight gain was 253 g (SE: 69,P: 0.0003) more, while the overall 4 weekly weight gain was 59 g greater (SE: 18,P:0.005) among women who received multivitamins compared to placebo. Women in the lowest quartile of gestational weight gain had babies with an average birthweight of 3030 g (SD: 524), while women in the highest quartile had babies weighing 3246 g (SD: 486), on average. Prenatal multivitamin supplements increased gestational weight gain, which was a significant predictor of birthweight.
Next‐generation phylogenetics takes root
Authors: McCormack John E. , Faircloth Brant C. 
Published: December 2012

It has been a tumultuous 5 years in phylogeography and phylogenetics during which both fields have struggled to harness the power of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) (Ekblom & Galindo ; McCormack et al. ). Fortunately, several methodological approaches appear to be taking root. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, O'Neill et al. ) employ one such method – parallel tagged sequencing (PTS) – to elucidate the phylogeography of a tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) species complex. This study demonstrates a practical application of NGS on a scale appropriate (and not overkill) for most biologists interested in phylogeography (~100 loci for ~100 individuals), and their results highlight several analytical challenges that lie ahead for researchers employing NGS techniques.
In Whom Collectivists Trust: The Role of (in) Voluntary Social Obligations in Japan
Authors: Branzei Oana , Camp Ronald D. , Vertinsky Ilan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study contributes to an emic understanding of how different types of social obligations may help or hinder the formation of initial organizational trust within collectivist cultures. We extend prior social categorization insights by challenging the expectation that in-group favouritism automatically facilitates higher levels of initial trust among collectivists. We theorize and test the asymmetric effects of two different types of social obligations toward members of distinct social categories (kinship and friendship in-groups) on the formation of initial organizational trust. Using a quasi-experimental research design in a collectivist culture (Japan), we hypothesize and show that in ambivalent situations, voluntary social obligations toward members of friendship in-groups encourage early trust in trustees' organizations; however, involuntary social obligations toward members of kinship in-groups discourage early trust development toward the organization these trustees represent. The effects of (in)voluntary social obligations on initial organizational trust are contingent on how collectivists perceive each encounter: voluntary social obligations are more conducive to trust-building at lower levels of perceived opportunity; involuntary social obligations have stronger effects on initial organizational trust at higher levels of perceived risk.
Friendship and Being: Election and Trinitarian Freedom in Moltmann and Barth
Authors: Komline Han‐luen Kantzer 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article constructs two responses to Moltmann's critique of Barth's doctrine of divine freedom in Trinity and the Kingdom, a first on the basis of Barth's programmatic treatment of divine freedom in II/1 of the Church Dogmatics and a second on the basis of Bruce McCormack's reading of Barth's doctrine of election. It shows why the Barth of II/1 must dismiss Moltmann's concern for the priority of God's loving relationship to the world while Barth as interpreted by McCormack can accommodate it. Finally it observes the significance of this twofold defense for mapping Barth onto the terrain of modern theology.