bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyphase tectonic evolution of the Aksu Basin, Isparta Angle (Southern Turkey)
Authors: Üner Serkan , Özsayin Erman , Kutluay Alkor , Dirik Kadir 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Aksu Basin, within the Isparta Angle, is located to the north of the intersection of the Aegean and Cyprus arcs and has been evolving since the Middle Miocene. Correlation of: (1) kinematic analysis of fault planes that cut the basin fill, (2) the reactivation/inversion of fault planes and (3) sedimentological data indicate that the Aksu Basin has evolved by four alternating compressional and extensional tectonic phases since its formation. The first phase was NW-SE oriented compression caused by the emplacement of the Lycian Nappe units which ended in Langhian. This compressional phase that induced the formation and the initial deformation of the basin was followed by a NW-SE extensional phase. This tectonic phase prevailed between the Langhian and Messinian and was terminated by a NE-SW compressional regime known as the Aksu Phase. The neotectonic period is characterized by NE-SW extension and began in the Late Pliocene. Correlation with the existing tectonic literature shows that the order of deformational phases proposed in this study might also be valid for the entire Isparta Angle area.
Attitudes of medical students toward disabilities in Nigeria
Authors: Ajuwon Paul M. , Afolabi Lesi Foluso Ebun , Odukoya Oluwakemi , Melia Carrie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study investigated the attitudes of dental and medical students toward disability issues in Nigeria. The setting was the College of Medicine, University of Lagos (CMUL), Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria. The researchers surveyed two groups of 500-level students (i.e., 142 medical and 42 dental students). Participants voluntarily and anonymously completed a survey in July 2013 after a year-long exposure to disabilities in class modules and community-based experiences. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted. The researchers found three factors, namely: caring for children with disabilities, eliminating disabilities and outlook toward disabilities. Participants exhibited the greatest sympathy toward caring for children with disabilities and for eliminating disabilities. However, participants overall had a negative outlook toward individuals with disabilities. Additionally, younger participants and female participants tended to be more sympathetic toward individuals with disabilities. Although the trends found in this research were largely positive, the researchers identified some negative patterns. Specifically, participants admitted to feeling frustrated while caring for individuals with disabilities. They also reported feeling that families of children with disabilities do not love and care for their children as much as other families. These findings, among other things, indicate that medical students in Nigeria could benefit from further education about disabilities.
Optimal parameters for the Green-Ampt infiltration model under rainfall conditions
Authors: Chen Li , Xiang Long , Young Michael H. , Yin Jun , Yu Zhongbo , Genuchten Martinus Th. van 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Green-Ampt (GA) model is widely used in hydrologic studies as a simple, physically-based method to estimate infiltration processes. The accuracy of the model for applications under rainfall conditions (as opposed to initially ponded situations) has not been studied extensively. We compared calculated rainfall infiltration results for various soils obtained using existing GA parameterizations with those obtained by solving the Richards equation for variably saturated flow. Results provided an overview of GA model performance evaluated by means of a root-meansquare- error-based objective function across a large region in GA parameter space as compared to the Richards equation, which showed a need for seeking optimal GA parameters. Subsequent analysis enabled the identification of optimal GA parameters that provided a close fit with the Richards equation. The optimal parameters were found to substantially outperform the standard theoretical parameters, thus improving the utility and accuracy of the GA model for infiltration simulations under rainfall conditions. A sensitivity analyses indicated that the optimal parameters may change for some rainfall scenarios, but are relatively stable for high-intensity rainfall events.
Analysis of flood events in Slovenian streams
Authors: Bezak Nejc , Horvat Alja , Šraj Mojca 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The detailed analysis of individual flood event elements, including peak discharge (Q), flood event volume (V), and flood event duration (D), is an important step for improving our understanding of complex hydrological processes. More than 2,500 flood events were defined based on the annual maximum (AM) peak discharge from 50 Slovenian gauging stations with catchment areas of between 10 and 10,000 km2. After baseflow separation, the stations were clustered into homogeneous groups and the relationships between the flood event elements and several catchment characteristics were assessed. Different types of flood events were characteristic of different groups. The flashiness of the stream is significantly connected with mean annual precipitation and location of the station. The results indicate that some climatic factors like mean annual precipitation and catchment related attributes as for example catchment area have notable influence on the flood event elements. When assessing the dependency between the pairs of flood event elements (Q, V, D), the highest correlation coefficients were obtained for the Q-V pair. The smallest correlations or no correlations were observed between the Q and D variables.
Linear stability analysis reveals exclusion zone for sliding bed transport
Authors: Talmon Arnold M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A bend or any another pipe component disturbs solids transport in pipes. Longitudinal pressure profiles downstream of such a component may show a stationary transient harmonic wave, as revealed by a recent settling slurry laboratory experiment. Therefore the fundamental transient response of the two-layer model for fully stratified flow is investigated as a first approach. A linear stability analysis of the sliding bed configuration is conducted. No stationary transient harmonic waves are found in this analysis, but adaptation lengths for exponential recovery are quantified. An example calculation is given for a 0.1 m diameter pipeline.
Also consequences for long stretches of pipe line emerged. A so far undiscovered exclusion zone is found in the I-V diagram. This exclusion zone is situated adjacent to the deposit limit velocity locus curve. This simplified physical system reveals that flow velocities should be taken about 10% greater than the calculated maximum deposit limit velocity for stable converging flow.
Bacteria transport and retention in intact calcareous soil columns under saturated flow conditions
Authors: Farrokhian Firouzi Ahmad , Homaee Mehdi , Klumpp Erwin , Kasteel Roy , Tappe Wolfgang 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Study of bacterial transport and retention in soil is important for various environmental applications such as groundwater contamination and bioremediation of soil and water. The main objective of this research was to quantitatively assess bacterial transport and deposition under saturated conditions in calcareous soil. A series of leaching experiments was conducted on two undisturbed soil columns. Breakthrough curves of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Cl were measured. After the leaching experiment, spatial distribution of bacteria retention in the soil columns was determined. The HYDRUS-1D one- and two-site kinetic models were used to predict the transport and deposition of bacteria in soil. The results indicated that the two-site model fits the observed data better than one-site kinetic model. Bacteria interaction with the soil of kinetic site 1 revealed relatively fast attachment and slow detachment, whereas attachment to and detachment of bacteria from kinetic site 2 was fast. Fast attachment and slow detachment of site 1 can be attributed to soil calcium carbonate that has favorable attachment sites for bacteria. The detachment rate was less than 0.02 of the attachment rate, indicating irreversible attachment of bacteria. High reduction rate of bacteria was also attributed to soil calcium carbonate.
Sensitivity of multiple first trimester sonomarkers in fetal aneuploidy detection
Authors: Chanprapaph Pharuhas , Dulyakasem Chitnapin , Phattanchindakun Buraya 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background: Multiple first trimester aneuploidy sonomarkers have been introduced recently.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of first trimester sonomarkers in fetal aneuploidy detection without serum markers.

Methods: There were entirely 280 fetuses with 11–13+6 weeks’ gestation (crown-rump -length between 45–84 mm) enrolled to assess nuchal translucency thickness (NT), nasal bone (NB), tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and ductus venosus (DV) flow. The performance of each single marker and multiple markers for major fetal aneuploidy screening were determined.

Results: Totally, 190 fetuses (67.85%) underwent invasive prenatal diagnosis with 14 major chromosome abnormalities identified including 4 cases of trisomy 21, 4 cases of trisomy 18, 3 cases of trisomy 13 and 3 cases of 45, XO. NT was the most accurate single marker with sensitivity of 71.43% and false-positive rate (FPR) of 4.14% while NB or TR was the most specific marker (99.6%) but lacked sensitivity. Among multiple first trimester-screening sonomarkers, NT plus TR evaluation were the most sensitive test (78.57%) with FPR of 4.76%.

Conclusion: NT was the most accurate first trimester-screening marker for fetal aneuploidy. NT plus TR assessment as double-screening markers could improve the sensitivity by 7% leading to the lower number of unnecessary invasive prenatal diagnosis.
The impact of selected planned motorways and expressways on the potential accessibility of the Polish-Slovak borderland with respect to tourism development
Authors: Michniak Daniel , Więckowski Marek , Stępniak Marcin , Rosik Piotr 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Further tourism development in the Polish-Slovak borderland, as well as its overall economic development, depends on the construction of a motorway and expressway network. This paper analyses the impact of selected planned motorways and expressways (D1, A4, D3/S69, R1/R3/S7, and R4/S19) on the potential accessibility of the Polish-Slovak borderland with respect to the development of tourism. The most important investment project in Slovakia is the completion of the (started) D1 motorway. The R4/S19 and the R1/R3/S7 expressways and the D3 motorway/S69 expressway are expected to contribute to improved cross-border connections.
van Inwagen’s Argument for the Existence of Fictional Characters. An Evaluation and Critique
Authors: Rami Dolf 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This essay will be concerned with an evaluation, modification and critique of van Inwagen’s famous argument for the existence of fictional characters. Firstly, a reconstruction of the original argument will be provided and three different challenges for the original version of the argument will be pointed out. Secondly, there will be a more detailed investigation of the weaknesses pointed out. It will be shown how they can be cleared, and a modified, less problematic, alternative version of the argument will be proposed. Thirdly and finally, three different possible options that an irrealist concerning fictional characters has to respond to our modified argument will be evaluated. The view will be defended that the irrealist can make use of a substitutional interpretation of specific fictional generalisations based on a negative free logic to undermine the modified argument in a plausible way.
Neonatal Prophylaxis: Prevention of Vitamin K Deficiency Haemorrhage and Neonatal Ophthalmia / Neonatalna Profilaksa: Preprečevanje Krvavitev Zaradi Pomanjkanja Vitamina K in Neonatalne Oftalmije
Authors: Jug Došler Anita , Petročnik Petra , Mivšek Ana Polona , Zakšek Teja , Skubic Metka 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction. The aim of the study was to explore two aspects of neonatal prophylaxis: the application of the vitamin K injection to the newborns and the prophylaxis against chlamydial and gonococcal eye infections, comparing Slovenian and Croatian practices.
Methods. A causal non-experimental method of quantitative empirical approach was used. The data was collected by means of predesigned questionnaires. The questionnaires were sent to 14 Slovenian and 32 Croatian birth hospitals. The data wasanalysed with descriptive statistics and the Kullback test.
Results. Vitamin K is applied to all newborns in 9 (out of 14) Slovene and 22 (out of 32) Croatian birth hospitals that returned the questionnaire. The prophylaxis against chlamydial gonococcal eye infections is applied to all newborns in 9 Slovene and 16 Croatian birth hospitals that offered answers to the questionnaire. The majority of Slovene and Croatian birth hospitals perform these procedures in the first hour after birth. The majority of Slovene birth hospitals still apply vitamin K in the gluteal muscle, whereas the majority of Croatian birth hospitals usually use the thigh as an injection site. In Slovenia, 1 % Targesin is used for the prophylaxis against chlamydial and gonococcal eye infections, whereas in Croatia the prevailing medicine is Erythromycin.
Conclusions. The possibility of oral vitamin K application should be offered to parents, and pain management in practice should be discussed. The form of written informed consent could be offered to parents. Health professionals should provide intimacy and exclude routine procedures in the first couple of hours after birth. However, more research is needed as delayed administration might be related to lower efficacy and, as a consequence of that, the safety of newborns is questionable.
A Comparison of Dietary Habits Between Recreational Runners and a Randomly Selected Adult Population in Slovenia / Primerjava Prehranskih Navad Rekreativnih Tekačev In Naključno Izbranih Odraslih Ljudi V Sloveniji
Authors: Škof Branko , Rotovnik Kozjek Nada 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction. The aim of the study was to compare the dietary habits of recreational runners with those of a random sample of the general population. We also wanted to determine the influence of gender, age and sports performance of recreational runners on their basic diet and compliance with recommendations in sports nutrition.
Methods. The study population consisted of 1,212 adult Slovenian recreational runners and 774 randomly selected residents of Slovenia between the ages of 18 and 65 years. The data on the dietary habits of our subjects was gathered by means of two questionnaires. The following parameters were evaluated: the type of diet, a food pattern, and the frequency of consumption of individual food groups, the use of dietary supplements, fluid intake, and alcohol consumption.
Results. Recreational runners had better compliance with recommendations for healthy nutrition than the general population. This pattern increased with the runner’s age and performance level. Compared to male runners, female runners ate more regularly and had a more frequent consumption of food groups associated with a healthy diet (fruit, vegetables, whole grain foods, and low-fat dairy products). The consumption of simple sugars and use of nutritional supplements by well-trained runners was inadequate with values recommended for physically active individuals.
Conclusion. Recreational runners are an exemplary population group that actively seeks to adopt a healthier lifestyle.
Anxiety, Self-Esteem and Coping With Stress in Secondary School Students in Relation to Involvement in Organized Sports / Anksioznost, Samospoštovanje In Spoprijemanje S Stresom Pri Srednješolcih V Povezavi Z Vključenostjo V Organizirano Športno Aktivnost
Authors: Dolenc Petra 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Aim. The objective of the study was to examine self-esteem, anxiety level and coping strategies among secondary school students in relation to their involvement in organized sports.
Methods. The sample included 280 Slovenian male and female secondary school students aged between 15 and 19 years. The participants completed The Adolescent Coping Scale, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the PSDQ Selfesteem Scale.
Results. Participants engaged in organized sports exhibited higher self-esteem scores and lower anxiety scores in comparison to non-sport participants. Differences between the two groups have also been identified with respect to the use of certain coping strategies. Sport participants reported more productive coping than non-sport participants, which represents an active and problem-focused approach to dealing with everyday problems. Gender differences in the referred variables have also been studied, with female athletes exhibiting higher levels of anxiety than male athletes. Female participants were also found to use more non-productive coping than males, focused mainly on reducing emotional effects of stress.
Conclusions. Organized youth sports have an important role in improving and maintaining a favorable sense of self-worth, reducing anxiety, and promoting productive coping strategies in adolescents when dealing with everyday problems.
Partitions of networks that are robust to vertex permutation dynamics
Authors: Froyland Gary , Kwok Eric 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Minimum disconnecting cuts of connected graphs provide fundamental information about the connectivity
structure of the graph. Spectral methods are well-known as stable and efficient means of finding
good solutions to the balanced minimum cut problem. In this paper we generalise the standard balanced bisection
problem for static graphs to a new “dynamic balanced bisection problem”, in which the bisecting cut
should be minimal when the vertex-labelled graph is subjected to a general sequence of vertex permutations.
We extend the standard spectral method for partitioning static graphs, based on eigenvectors of the Laplacian
matrix of the graph, by constructing a new dynamic Laplacian matrix, with eigenvectors that generate
good solutions to the dynamic minimum cut problem. We formulate and prove a dynamic Cheeger inequality
for graphs, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the dynamic Laplacian matrix for both structured and
unstructured graphs.
Courtesy and Politeness in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Authors: Jucker Andreas H. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A close reading of three selected passages of the Middle English alliterative romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight provides a detailed picture of fictional and fairy-tale manifestations of courtly and polite behaviour in Middle English, a period that imported many new terms of courtesy and politeness from French. In the three passages Sir Gawain is visited in his bedchamber by the lady of the house, who tries to seduce him and thus puts him in a severe dilemma of having to be courteous to the lady and at the same time loyal to his host and to the code of chivalry. The analysis shows how Sir Gawain and the lady of the house engage in a discursive struggle of the true implications of courteous behaviour. It also shows how the two characters use nominal and pronominal terms of address to negotiate their respective positions of power, dominance and submission towards each other. And, finally, an analysis of requests reveals how the lady carefully selects appropriate strategies to reflect the severity of the imposition of her requests and her momentary standing in their discursive struggle.
The stannides RE
3Au6Sn5 (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) – synthesis, structure, magnetic properties and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy
Authors: Fickenscher Thomas , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Niehaus Oliver , Gerke Birgit , Haverkamp Sandra , Eckert Hellmut , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Ce3Pd6Sb5-type rare earth stannides RE
3Au6Sn5 (RE
= La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) were synthesized by arc-melting of the elements and subsequent annealing in open tantalum crucibles within sealed evacuated silica ampoules. The polycrystalline samples were studied by powder X-ray diffraction. The structures of three crystals were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: Pmmn, a
= 1360.3(9), b
= 455.9(2), c
= 1023.6(4) pm, wR2 = 0.0275, 1069 F
2 values, 48 variables for Ce3Au6Sn5, a
= 1352.4(4), b
= 455.1(1), c
= 1023.7(3) pm, wR2 = 0.0367, 1160 F
2 values, 48 variables for Nd3Au6Sn5, and a
= 1339.8(2), b
= 452.80(7), c
= 1012.4(2) pm, wR2 = 0.1204, 1040 F
2 values, 49 variables for Sm3Au5.59(2)Sn5.41(2). One of the gold sites of the samarium compound shows a significant degree of Au/Sn mixing. The RE
3Au6Sn5 structures are composed of three-dimensional [Au6Sn5] polyanionic networks with the two crystallographically independent rare earth atoms in larger cages, i.e., RE1@Au10Sn6 and RE2@Au8Sn8. The [Au6Sn5] network is stabilized by Au–Sn (266–320 pm), Au–Au (284–301 pm) as well as Sn–Sn (320 pm; distances given for the cerium compound) interactions. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal an antiferromagnetic ordering only for Sm3Au6Sn5, while the other compounds exhibit Curie–Weiss paramagnetism. 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy shows resonances in the typical range for intermetallic tin compounds where tin takes part in the polyanionic network [isomer shifts between 1.73(1) and 2.28(1) mm·s−1]. With the help of theoretical electric field gradient calculations using the WIEN2k code it was possible to resolve the spectroscopic contributions of all three crystallographically independent atomic tin sites in the 119Sn spectra of RE
3Au6Sn5 (RE
= La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm).
Preconsolidation of Søvind Marl—A Highly Fissured Eocene Clay
Authors: Grønbech Gitte L. , Ibsen Lars B. , Nielsen Benjaminn N. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Determination of the preconsolidation stresses is a key tool in geotechnical engineering used to evaluate and estimate the behavior of soils. However, it has proven difficult to accurately estimate these stresses in highly fissured, overconsolidated clays, due to the influence of the fissured structure. In the current study, oedometer tests were performed on Søvind Marl, a plastic Eocene clay containing a large number of fissures and slickensides. Four incremental loading oedometer tests and four continuous loading oedometer tests were performed in order to determine the preconsolidation stresses. Multiple assessment methods were used to assess preconsolidation stresses based on the oedometer test data, results of which are presented and discussed on this paper. All of the test and interpretation methods yielded very similar results, with two possible values calculated as the preconsolidation stresses. However, only the upper stress bound is actually identified as being associated with preconsolidation; the lower bound is generated as a result of the collapse of the fissured structure in response to increasing stresses that were applied during testing. The upper bounds of the preconsolidation stresses of Søvind Marl were between 6300 and 8900 kPa, whereas the lower were between of 600 and 800 kPa.