bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Behaviour Change Interventions for the Promotion of Physical Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cramp Fiona , Berry John , Gardiner Matthew , Smith Felicity , Stephens Daniel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease with typical onset between the ages of 40 and 50 years. Increasing levels of physical activity (PA) have been shown to decrease inflammation, reduce pain, increase functional ability and improve self‐esteem in people with RA. Health behaviour change (HBC) interventions have recently shown promise in facilitating the promotion of PA within a range of long‐term conditions. There is currently no evidence synthesis relating to HBC interventions to increase PA in the RA population.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to determine whether HBC interventions can increase PA in people with RA and identify optimal interventions or promising constituent components of the HBC interventions.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted to identify randomized, controlled trials investigating the effect of HBC interventions on PA level in adults with RA. Four review authors independently assessed the methodological quality of studies and extracted data based upon predefined criteria.ResultsFollowing the application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, three studies remained for inclusion. Two studies reported significant short‐term (<9 months) beneficial effects of HBC upon PA (p < 0.05). Individualized interventions were significantly more effective (p < 0.05).ConclusionsDue to methodological flaws and a lack of comparison with usual care, it is not possible to conclude whether HBC interventions can increase PA in the RA population. Although it is possible to highlight promising elements of HBC interventions, such as goal setting and feedback on performance, further research on all specific components, including information provision, behaviour contracts and problem solving, is required to establish conclusive clinical guidelines. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Responsive core–shell microgels: Synthesis, characterization, and possible applications
Authors: Hellweg Thomas 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTCore–shell microgels are of increasing interest as smart carriers of catalysts, as sensors, or as building blocks for colloidal superstructures. In the context of colloidal assemblies, photonic applications are probably the most promising ones. This progress report presents and discusses the most recent results in this area focusing on the last 2–3 years, and also gives some background information. In addition, potential perspectives of this area will be outlined. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1073–1083
Synergistic manipulations of plant and insect defences
Authors: Bingham Georgina , Alptekin Selcan , Delogu Giovanna , Gurkan Oktay , Moores Graham 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt has been demonstrated previously that cis‐jasmone acts as an elicitor of plant defence mechanism(s) by inducing secondary metabolism. It has also been demonstrated that temporal synergism can result in hypersensitive insect pests due to the inhibition of metabolic enzymes.RESULTSLaboratory bioassays demonstrated that pre‐exposure of insects by piperonyl butoxide followed by cis‐jasmone treatment of crops, reduced Aphis gossypii on cotton by 80% and Myzus persicae on sweet pepper by 90%. By microencapsulating the cis‐jasmone and combining with piperonyl butoxide, Bemisia tabaci on tomatoes was reduced by 99%. A field trial with microencapsulated cis‐jasmone combined with piperonyl butoxide resulted in a comparable reduction of whitefly egg numbers to that given by the registered rate of imidacloprid, with efficacy of 89% and 93%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSIf insect defence enzymes are compromised by piperonyl butoxide whilst plant defence is primed by cis‐jasmone, there are possibilities of an insecticide‐free method of controlling insect pests. The success seems largely dependent upon the toxicity of the plants' secondary chemistry. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Iterative algorithm for maximum‐likelihood estimation of the observation‐error covariance matrix for ensemble‐based filters
Authors: Ueno Genta , Nakamura Nagatomo 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe present an iterative algorithm for estimating the observation‐noise covariance matrix Rt for ensemble‐based data assimilation. The proposed algorithm enables us to estimate parameters in Rt, the number of which may become exceedingly large for data assimilation. The optimal Rt is estimated based on the maximum likelihood and the algorithm can be described as an expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm. The key to constructing the algorithm is to obtain the optimality condition of Rt in a closed form. The proposed method estimates Rt, which is adaptive to the current observation yt. We present an application of the proposed method to a coupled atmosphere–ocean model and find that only a few iterations are necessary for convergence. We also find that Rt needs to have some kind of structure to obtain a reasonable covariance matrix using the proposed algorithm.
Analysis of furo[3,2‐c]tetrahydroquinoline and pyrano[3,2‐c]tetrahydroquinoline derivatives as antitumor agents and their metabolites by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Hou Xueyan , Luo Hao , Zhong Hao , Wu Feng , Zhou Meng , Zhang Wenjuan , Han Xuan , Yan Guoyi , Zhang Mengqi , Lu Lufei , Ding Zhenyu , He Gu , Li Rui 
Published: May 2013

RATIONALETetrahydroquinoline derivatives possess a broad range of biological activities. Since few studies have been reported concerning metabolites of furo[3,2‐c]tetrahydroquinoline‐ and pyrano[3,2‐c]tetrahydroquinoline‐derived antitumor agents, the proposed fragmentation mechanisms and their metabolites were investigated in this study.METHODSThe fragmentation pathways of eight furo[3,2‐c]tetrahydroquinoline derivatives and six pyrano[3,2‐c]tetrahydroquinoline derivatives were analyzed using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange reactions were employed to identify the proposed structures of the product ions. In addition, compounds were incubated with human liver microsomes (HLM) at 37 °C for 8 h and the related metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS).RESULTSTwo protonation modes were summarized and protonation occurring on the oxygen atom of furan or pyran ring could trigger the cleavage of the C–O bond, followed by the elimination of a molecule of water and the substituent at the C2 site, respectively. On the other hand, a proton added to the nitrogen atom may lead to the loss of dihydrofuran or dihydropyran from the protonated molecules. Apart from the general proposed fragmentation pathways above, the variations on the C2 site could result in some specific fragmentation patterns. Further incubating compound B1 with HLM in vitro produced two major metabolites, and the structures were proposed by tandem mass experiments together with the fragmentation mechanisms of these compounds.CONCLUSIONSThese observations play an important role in monitoring and characterization of the presence and metabolites of furo[3,2‐c]tetrahydroquinoline and pyrano[3,2‐c]tetrahydroquinoline derivatives in complex mixtures, and can provide some applications in further pharmaceutical and therapeutic research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dehydrodimerization of pterostilbene during electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Raji Misjudeen , Amad Ma'an , Emwas Abdel‐Hamid 
Published: May 2013

RATIONALEPterostilbene is a member of the hydroxystilbene family of compounds commonly found in plants such as blueberry and grapes. During the analysis of this compound by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), an ion was observed that corresponds to the dehydrodimer of pterostilbene in mass‐to‐charge ratio. Since such unexpected dimerization may lead to decreased monomer signal during quantitative analysis, it was of interest to identify the origin and structure of the observed pterostilbene dimer and examine the experimental conditions that influence its formation.METHODSLiquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and High‐Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS) were used to examine the origin of the dimerization products. The structure of the formed pterostilbene dimer was examined by performing MSn analysis on the dimer ion. Effects of solvent composition, analyte concentration, radical scavenger, and other experimental conditions on the dimerization were also studied.RESULTSLC/MS and NMR analyses clearly showed that the starting solution did not contain the pterostilbene dimer. Solvent type and radical scavenger concentration were found to have pronounced effects on the dimer formation. Particularly, presence of acetonitrile or ammonium acetate had favorable effects on the extent of dimerization during ESI‐MS analysis whereas hydroquinone and butylated hydroquinone had negative effects. Dimer formation decreased at high flow rates and when fused‐silica capillary was used as the spray needle.CONCLUSIONSThe data indicate that this dimerization occurs as a result of solution‐phase electrochemical reactions taking place during the electrospray process. A possible structure for this dimer was proposed based on the MSn analysis and was similar to that of the enzymatically derived pterostilbene dehydrodimer already reported in the literature. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Presynaptic pH and vesicle fusion in Drosophila larvae neurones
Authors: Caldwell Lesley , Harries Peter , Sydlik Sebastian , Schwiening Christof J. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTBoth intracellular pH (pHi) and synaptic cleft pH change during neuronal activity yet little is known about how these pH shifts might affect synaptic transmission by influencing vesicle fusion. To address this we imaged pH‐ and Ca2+‐sensitive fluorescent indicators (HPTS, Oregon green) in boutons at neuromuscular junctions. Electrical stimulation of motor nerves evoked presynaptic Ca2+i rises and pHi falls (∼0.1 pH units) followed by recovery of both Ca2+i and pHi. The plasma‐membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA) inhibitor, 5(6)‐carboxyeosin diacetate, slowed both the calcium recovery and the acidification. To investigate a possible calcium‐independent role for the pHi shifts in modulating vesicle fusion we recorded post‐synaptic miniature end‐plate potential (mEPP) and current (mEPC) frequency in Ca2+‐free solution. Acidification by propionate superfusion, NH4+ withdrawal, or the inhibition of acid extrusion on the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) induced a rise in miniature frequency. Furthermore, the inhibition of acid extrusion enhanced the rise induced by propionate addition and NH4+ removal. In the presence of NH4+, 10 out of 23 cells showed, after a delay, one or more rises in miniature frequency. These findings suggest that Ca2+‐dependent pHi shifts, caused by the PMCA and regulated by NHE, may stimulate vesicle release. Furthermore, in the presence of membrane permeant buffers, exocytosed acid or its equivalents may enhance release through positive feedback. This hitherto neglected pH signalling, and the potential feedback role of vesicular acid, could explain some important neuronal excitability changes associated with altered pH and its buffering. Synapse 67:729–740, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extended Lymphadenectomy in Colon Cancer Is Debatable
Authors: Murphy Jamie , Young‐Fadok Tonia 
Published: May 2013

AbstractExtended lymphadenectomy has gained considerable attention as an adjunct to conventional colon cancer surgery with the hope that it may potentially decrease local recurrence rates and improve cancer‐specific outcome measures. Despite the enthusiasm surrounding these techniques, it is difficult to establish any additional survival benefit associated with more comprehensive lymphadenectomy strategies when these are performed in addition to conventional colon cancer surgery. Furthermore, these techniques remain unproven by large randomized clinical trials. The appropriate indications for performing extended lymphadenectomy also remain unclear, and there is a lack of standardization with regard to surgical technique. Moreover, there are a number of confounding factors that frequently receive little attention when oncological outcome measures are reported following extended lymphadenectomy in the setting of colon cancer. The purpose of this review is to outline these confounding issues and discuss their impact on reports describing cancer‐specific outcome measures following the use of extended lymphadenectomy techniques. Furthermore, this review proposes that in light of the available published evidence, the role of radical lymphadenectomy is currently unproven, with large randomized clinical trials required in the future to determine whether there is a survival benefit for colon cancer patients.
Oilseed Meal Based Plastics from Plasticized, Hot Pressed Crambe abyssinica and Brassica carinata Residuals
Authors: Newson William R. , Kuktaite Ramune , Hedenqvist Mikael S. , Gällstedt Mikael , Johansson Eva 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWith the increased use of plant oils as sustainable feedstocks, industrial oilseed meal from Crambe abyssinica (crambe) and Brassica carinata (carinata) can become a potential source for oilseed meal based plastics. In this study, crambe and carinata oilseed meal plastics were produced with 10–30 % glycerol and compression molding at 100–180 °C. Size exclusion HPLC was used to relate tensile properties to changes in protein solubility and molecular weight distribution. By combining glycerol and thermal processing, increased flexibility has been observed compared to previous work on unplasticized oilseed meal. Tensile results varied from a brittle crambe based material (10 % glycerol, 130 °C), Young's modulus 240 MPa, strain at maximum stress of 2 %, to a soft and flexible carinata based material (30 % glycerol, 100 °C), Young's modulus 6.5 MPa, strain at maximum stress of 13 %. Strength and stiffness development with increasing molding temperature is in agreement with the protein profiles obtained. Thus, the highest mechanical parameters were obtained at the protein solubility minimum at 140 °C. Higher temperatures caused protein degradation, increasing the level of low molecular weight extractable proteins. In carinata based materials the strain at maximum stress decreased as the protein aggregation developed. Results presented indicate that both crambe and carinata oilseed meal based materials can have their properties modulated through thermal treatment and the addition of plasticizers.
THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF OLIVE (Olea europaeaL.): A REVIEW
Authors: CARR M. K. V. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThe results of research on the water relations and irrigation needs of olive are collated and summarised in an attempt to link fundamental studies on crop physiology to irrigation practices. Background information on the ecology of the olive (it is native to the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean) and on crop development processes are presented, followed by reviews of the influence of water stress on gas exchange (stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration), crop water requirements, water productivities and irrigation systems. The olive has many attributes that help to protect it against drought, including the morphology of the leaf, and the capacity to conserve water under conditions of high evaporative demand through stomatal closure, osmotic regulation and resistance to cavitation. The concept of ‘deficit irrigation’ has been the subject of much research. Although vegetative growth is restricted, there is no convincing evidence that ‘sustained deficit irrigation’ or ‘regulated deficit irrigation’ or ‘partial root zone drying’ offer any advantages over conventional practices. Water productivities are very variable and difficult to reconcile due, in part, to biennial bearing, tree-to-tree variability and differences in tree population densities. Similarly, no clear consensus has emerged on how best to exploit the sensitivity of trunk expansion to water availability in irrigation scheduling. As production methods for this historical crop are intensified (high-density hedgerows, irrigated and mechanized orchards), so will the need to understand the role that water plays in the production processes become ever more critical.
Modified nasal dermoplasty technique for treatment of recurrent polyposis: preliminary results
Authors: Anastasopoulos G , Grigoriadis G , Papoutsi S 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:To present and evaluate the use of nasal dermoplasty for control of recurrent nasal polyps.Study design:Prospective case series.Method:The mucosa of the fovea ethmoidalis and the lamina papyracea was replaced by a split-thickness skin graft. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 12 months.Results:Five patients underwent nasal dermoplasty for recurrent nasal polyposis. In three cases, the graft uptake was successful. Post-operatively, four patients reported they were in better condition than at the same interval after their previous operation. Recurrence of polyps was noted in all patients but not in the grafted areas.Conclusion:In this study, there was a high prevalence of successful graft uptake following nasal dermoplasty. This technique may have potential for the control of recurrent nasal polyps. Although it is demanding and time-consuming, it may reduce the need for multiple operations. Further research is justified to establish its efficacy.
A new Opegrapha with submuriform ascospores from Brazil
Authors: CÁCERES Marcela Eugenia da Silva , LIMA Edvaneide Leandro de , APTROOT André 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe new species Opegrapha subdictyospora is described from NE Brazil. It is only the third species in the genus with (sub)muriform ascospores and is further characterized by the brown pruinose discs. It was collected at Vale do Catimbau National Park in Pernambuco, which is a Caatinga area, where it is locally common.
Two new species of Cryptothecia from NE Brazil
Authors: LIMA Edvaneide Leandro de , MENDONÇA Cléverton de Oliveira , APTROOT André , CÁCERES Marcela Eugenia da Silva 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe new species Cryptothecia fabispora and C. lichexanthonica are described from NE Brazil. The first has domed asci with two large, reniform ascospores and the thallus contains psoromic acid. The second contains lichexanthone and has globose asci. Cryptothecia fabispora was found at the Serra de Itabaiana National Park which represents one of the few rainforest remnants in the state, and is a transitional area with Mata Atlantica influence and also open vegetation spots like Caatinga. It was also found in Caxiuaná in Amazonian Para and may well occur elsewhere. Cryptothecia lichexanthonica was collected at Vale do Catimbau National Park in Pernambuco, which is in a Caatinga area.
Four new species of Verrucaria (Verrucariaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from freshwater habitats in Europe
Authors: ORANGE Alan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractVerrucaria nodosa sp. nov. and V. rosula sp. nov. each have a thallus composed of initially discrete units which coalesce and overlap with age, forming an uneven crust. They are related species and similar in appearance, but the thallus units are coarser in Verrucaria nodosa, and the involucrellum is typically more regularly thickened than in V. rosula. Verrucaria placida sp. nov. has a smooth, subgelatinous thallus; it is related to V. hydrophila sp. nov. but differs in the larger ascospores and perithecia. It is not closely related to V. andesiatica but is morphologically similar, differing mainly in the narrower ascospores. Verrucaria hydrophila has been widely known as V. hydrela auct., non Ach. or V. denudata Zsch. nom. illeg. Verrucaria laevata Ach. is considered to be a nomen dubium.
Teuvoa, a new lichen genus inMegasporaceae(Ascomycota:Pertusariales), includingTeuvoa junipericolasp. nov.
Authors: SOHRABI Mohammad , LEAVITT Steven D. , RICO Víctor J. , HALICI Mehmet G. , SHRESTHA Gajendra , STENROOS Soili 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe relationship ofAspicilia uxoriswithinMegasporaceaeis assessed within a phylogenetic context. ‘Aspicilia’uxorisand other related species are recovered as sister to the genusLobothallias. str. and described here as a new genus.Teuvoa(Ascomycota,Megasporaceae) is erected based on nuclear ITS and LSU sequence data and morphological characters. In addition toTeuvoa uxoris, a second species,T. junipericola,is added to the new genus based on material collected from North America.Teuvoa junipericola, T. uxorisandT. tibeticaform a group with 8-spored asci, absence of extrolites, rather short-sized conidia and ascospores, lack of a subhypothecial algal layer, and different substratum preferences (on organic substratum) with a sister relationship to genusLobothallias. lat. (AspiciliasubgenusPachyothalliaClauzade & C. Roux). Based on spore measurements of the holotypes,Lecanora ferganensisTomin from central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan),Lecanora atrodiscataGintovt, from Tajikistan andLecanora takyroidesDzhur. from Turkmenistan are new synonyms toT. uxoris. A lectotype forLecanora ferganensisis designated, expanding the known distribution ofT. uxorisfrom Algeria, Morocco and Spain, into Central Asia.
The impact of forest management on changes in composition of terricolous lichens in dry acidophilous Scots pine forests
Authors: DINGOVÁ KOŠUTHOVÁ Alica , SVITKOVÁ Ivana , PIŠÚT Ivan , SENKO Dušan , VALACHOVIČ Milan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study focuses on dry acidophilous Scots pine forests, well known for their high biodiversity of cryptogams. We hypothesized that dense forests and heavy management were responsible for changes in species diversity, decreasing trends in lichen cover and increasing moss cover. This hypothesis was tested in three types of Scots pine forests maintained under three different management regimes: 1) managed forests (forest plantations regenerated by planting), 2) semi-natural forests (forest plantations regenerated naturally), both located in the Borská nížina lowland in SW Slovakia, and 3) natural forests (primordial vegetation without visible management actions from the associationCladonio-PinetumJuraszek 1928), located in the Bory Tucholskie National Park, NW Poland.We observed that the cover of the canopy tree layer had the most significant influence on the diversity of lichens. Managed forests are planted and maintained to achieve denser tree stocking, and although the environmental conditions created appear optimal for moss species, they are less suitable for terricolous lichens.
The impact of phonological neighborhood density on typical and atypical emerging lexicons*
Authors: STOKES STEPHANIE F. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTAccording to the Extended Statistical Learning account (ExSL; Stokes, Kern & dos Santos, 2012) late talkers (LTs) continue to use neighborhood density (ND) as a cue for word learning when their peers no longer use a density learning mechanism. In the current article, LTs expressive (active) lexicon ND values differed from those of their age-matched, but not language-matched, TD peers, a finding that provided support for the ExSL account. Stokes (2010) claimed that LTs had difficulty abstracting sparse words, but not dense, from the ambient language. If true, then LTs' receptive (passive), as well as active lexicons should be comprised of words of high ND. However, in the current research only active lexicons were of high ND. LTs' expressive lexicons may be small not because of an abstraction deficit, but because they are unable to develop sufficiently strong phonological representations to support word production.