bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasion history of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Fujian, China based on mitochondrial DNA and its implications in development of a control strategy
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Hou You‐Ming 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOne of the most invasive species worldwide, Solenopsis invicta Buren, has been described in China since 2003. Recent studies have suggested that China populations are the result of introductions from the USA; however, detailed molecular studies need to be performed in order to understand the expansion and potential multiple introductions from other countries into China. As there were populations of red imported fire ant, S. invicta in different areas and with different methods of introduction, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene was used as a marker from 12 populations in four cities in Fujian Province, China, to determine the relationship of invasion among these populations. The three most common haplotypes previously describe in invasive populations of S. invicta: H5, H22 and H36, were found in Fujian. However, frequencies in each city were different. For instance, three populations from Longyan city which invaded with waste plastics, shared haplotype H5. Populations from Xiamen city and Jinjiang city which dispersed with nursery stock, sward and scrap leather, shared haplotype H22. The population from Nanyan village of Xinluo district, Longyan city, bore haplotype H36. Mitochondrial data reveals that the invasion history of S. invicta in Fujian Province is complex, including multiple invasions probably from other provinces within China. Security measures to prevent S. invicta spreading within China are as important as from overseas.
Neurocognition in 1‐Month‐Abstinent Treatment‐Seeking Alcohol‐Dependent Individuals: Interactive Effects of Age and Chronic Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Durazzo Timothy C. , Pennington David L. , Schmidt Thomas P. , Mon Anderson , Abé Christoph , Meyerhoff Dieter J. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundIncreasing age and chronic cigarette smoking are independently associated with adverse effects on multiple aspects of neurocognition in those seeking treatment for alcohol use disorders. However, the potential interactive effects of age and cigarette smoking on neurocognition in early abstinent alcohol‐dependent individuals (ALC) have not investigated.MethodsCross‐sectional performances of never‐smoking healthy comparison participants (nvsCOM; n = 39) and 1‐month‐abstinent, treatment‐seeking, never‐smoking (nvsALC; n = 30), former‐smoking (fsALC; n = 21), and actively smoking (asALC; n = 68) ALC were compared on a comprehensive neurocognitive battery. Domains of functioning evaluated were cognitive efficiency, executive functions, fine motor skills, general intelligence, learning and memory, processing speed, visuospatial functions and working memory. Participants were between 26 and 71 years of age at the time of assessment.ResultsasALC showed steeper age‐related effects than nvsCOM on the domains of visuospatial learning, auditory‐verbal memory, cognitive efficiency, executive functions, processing speed, and fine motor skills. In pairwise comparisons, fsALC and asALC performed more poorly than both nvsCOM and nvsALC on multiple domains; nvsCOM and nvsALC showed no significant differences. Domain scores for the ALC groups generally fell in the low‐to‐high‐average range of functioning. A clinically significant level of impairment was apparent in only 25% of ALC participants on visuospatial learning, visuospatial memory, and fine motor skills domains. Measures of alcohol use or consumption were not significantly related to neurocognition in the ALC cohorts.ConclusionsThe age‐related findings suggest that the combination of active chronic smoking and alcohol dependence in this 1‐month‐abstinent ALC cohort was associated with greater than normal age‐related effects in multiple domains. In general, a low level of clinically significant impairment was observed in the alcohol‐dependent participants. The findings from this study, in conjunction with previous research, strongly support smoking cessation interventions for those seeking treatment for alcohol and substance use disorders.
A New Method for Evaluating Compliance with Industry Self‐Regulation Codes Governing the Content of Alcohol Advertising
Authors: Babor Thomas F. , Xuan Ziming , Damon Donna 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundThis study evaluated the use of a modified Delphi technique in combination with a previously developed alcohol advertising rating procedure to detect content violations in the U.S. Beer Institute Code. A related aim was to estimate the minimum number of raters needed to obtain reliable evaluations of code violations in television commercials.MethodsSix alcohol ads selected for their likelihood of having code violations were rated by community and expert participants (N = 286). Quantitative rating scales were used to measure the content of alcohol advertisements based on alcohol industry self‐regulatory guidelines. The community group participants represented vulnerability characteristics that industry codes were designed to protect (e.g., age <21); experts represented various health‐related professions, including public health, human development, alcohol research, and mental health. Alcohol ads were rated on 2 occasions separated by 1 month. After completing Time 1 ratings, participants were randomized to receive feedback from 1 group or the other.ResultsFindings indicate that (i) ratings at Time 2 had generally reduced variance, suggesting greater consensus after feedback, (ii) feedback from the expert group was more influential than that of the community group in developing group consensus, (iii) the expert group found significantly fewer violations than the community group, (iv) experts representing different professional backgrounds did not differ among themselves in the number of violations identified, and (v) a rating panel composed of at least 15 raters is sufficient to obtain reliable estimates of code violations.ConclusionsThe Delphi technique facilitates consensus development around code violations in alcohol ad content and may enhance the ability of regulatory agencies to monitor the content of alcoholic beverage advertising when combined with psychometric‐based rating procedures.
Impacts of the minimum legal drinking age legislation on in‐patient morbidity in Canada, 1997–2007: a regression‐discontinuity approach
Authors: Callaghan Russell C. , Sanches Marcos , Gatley Jodi M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimsTo provide novel, population‐based estimates of the influence of minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) legislation on target in‐patient hospital events in Canada.DesignRegression–discontinuity analyses on rates of Canadian in‐patient admissions.SettingAll in‐patient hospitalizations in Canada (except Québec) between 1 April 1997 and 31 March 2007.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 15–22 years admitted to hospital.MeasurementsInternational Classification of Diseases‐9/10 codes for alcohol‐use disorders/poisoning, injury, suicide, assault and motor vehicle accidents were considered as target morbidity conditions.FindingsCompared with the baseline hospitalization rate just prior to the MLDA, admissions at the MLDA rose significantly (P ≤ 0.001) for alcohol‐use disorders/poisoning for males (17.3%) and females (21.1%), as well as for suicide events for the combined sample (9.6%, P = 0.029). Among males, there was a significant 4.4% increase (P = 0.001) in a broad class of injuries, including a 9.2% jump (P = 0.020) in admissions for motor vehicle accidents compared with the baseline hospitalization rate just prior to the MLDA.ConclusionRemoval of minimum legal drinking age restrictions is associated with significant population‐level increases in hospital admissions among young adults in Canada for alcohol‐use disorders/poisoning, as well as for other serious injuries, especially among males. Current international minimum legal drinking age policy discussions should account for the impact of the minimum legal drinking age on severe morbidity outcomes.
Managing basis risk with multiscale index insurance
Authors: Elabed Ghada , Bellemare Marc F. , Carter Michael R. , Guirkinger Catherine 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAgricultural index insurance indemnifies a farmer against losses based on an index that is correlated with, but not identical to, her or his individual outcomes. In practice, the level of correlation may be modest, exposing insured farmers to residual, basis risk. In this article, we study the impact of basis risk on the demand for index insurance under risk and compound risk aversion. We simulate the impact of basis risk on the demand for index insurance by Malian cotton farmers using data from field experiments that reveal the distributions of risk and compound risk aversion. The analysis shows that compound risk aversion depresses demand for a conventional index insurance contract some 13 percentage points below what would be predicted based on risk aversion alone. We then analyze an innovative multiscale index insurance contract that reduces basis risk relative to conventional, single‐scale index insurance contract. Simulations indicate that demand for this multiscale contract would be some 40% higher than the demand for an equivalently priced conventional contract in the population of Malian cotton farmers. Finally, we report and discuss the actual uptake of a multiscale contract introduced in Mali.
Diversity of rodent and shrew assemblages in different vegetation types of the savannah biome in South Africa: no evidence for nested subsets or competition
Authors: Rautenbach Anita , Dickerson Tarryne , Schoeman M. Corrie 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIdentifying nonrandom species composition patterns predicted by assembly rules has been a central theme in community ecology. Few studies have investigated the prevalence of multiple drivers on species composition patterns in small mammal assemblages in the Old World. This study investigated seasonal changes in rodent and shrew diversity in eleven savannah vegetation types in South Africa. We tested whether species composition patterns are nonrandom with respect to predictions from Diamond's assembly rules, niche limitation hypothesis and nestedness hypothesis. Species richness estimators indicated that inventories for the rodents (80%) and shrews (100%) were relatively complete. Rodent (n = 11 species) diversity and shrew (n = 5 species) diversity were highest in summer and lowest in autumn. Rodent richness was highest in the Terminalia sericea bushveld and woodlands and lowest in the Drypetes arguta sand forest, whilst shrew richness was highest in the T. sericea bushveld and woodlands and lowest in the Acacia nilotica/Dichrostachys cinerea open shrub savannah. We found no support for the predictions of competition and nestedness hypotheses and suggest that this was probably due to the high seasonal and annual variability in rodent and shrew diversity.
Everyday Sacrifice and Language Socialization in Vietnam: The Power of a Respect Particle
Authors: Shohet Merav 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe Vietnamese ethic ofhy sinh, typically translated as “sacrifice,” involves moral conduct and dispositions that emphasize showing respect to sociocultural “superiors” and yielding to sociocultural “inferiors.” Like “filial piety,” which has been shown to permeate many aspects of life in contemporary Asia, hy sinh is a cultural virtue learned first in families’ daily lives. In this article, I examine how participants’ linguistic and corporeal practices in routine interactions with children relate to their engagements with ancestors. Focusing on video‐recorded displays of respect, I argue that these cultivate elementary forms of hy sinh even in a toddler, thus initiating her into intergenerationally continuing moral lifeworlds. Further, I suggest that, like ritual and patriotic forms of “sacrifice” more common in anthropological accounts, hy sinh is an ethical practice that helps substantiate local sociomoral order. It underpins pervasive relationships of asymmetrical reciprocity both beyond and within the family, naturalizing inequality as ethical.
Brokerage and Social Capital in the Prehispanic U.S. Southwest
Authors: Peeples Matthew A. , Haas W. Randall 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn social network analysis,brokeragerefers to the processes through which individuals or larger groups mediate interactions between actors that would otherwise not be directly connected. Brokers occupy key intermediate positions that have alternately been interpreted as sources of social capital or potential disadvantages. Recent empirical studies suggest that the relationship between brokerage and rewards or risks varies considerably depending on the nature of interactions in a given setting. In this study, we use a large settlement and ceramic database including sites across the western U.S. Southwest (C.E. 1200–1400) to identify settlements that likely filled brokerage roles in ceramic networks. We develop a new structural measure of brokerage and compare long‐term outcomes for settlements characterized by varying degrees of brokerage. We argue that brokerage was not a major source of social capital in our study area, as interactions instead favored the formation of discrete groups over such intermediate positions.
Anthropological Archaeology in 2012: Mobility, Economy, and Transformation
Authors: Kahn Jennifer G. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn 2012, archaeologists continued to grapple with large questions concerning process and structure and how they shaped the nature of humanity. The movement of populations, ideas, and material culture stands out prominently, including mobility's role in promoting social change and how forms of travel and communication, such as pilgrimages or long‐distance trade, promoted social interaction. Research concerning the structure of ancient economies acknowledges the amazing diversity within which prehistoric communities organized food production and material goods manufacture and exchange. Social complexity as transformation illustrates how local histories supported alternative pathways to power and how factors such as climate change and environmental limitations might have affected long‐term social histories. Finally, there is ongoing interest in modeling human–environmental interactions—in particular, human adaptability in the face of climate change and natural disasters and how particular cultural and natural elements allowed certain societies to be resilient and sustainable in the long term.
A Shifting Theoretical Framework for Biological Anthropology in 2012
Authors: Van Arsdale Adam P. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe research produced in biological anthropology over the past year spans a dizzying array of topics, methodologies, and perspectives on human evolution and variation. In this essay, I attempt to encapsulate a slice of that research into a broader discussion of the discipline. In this view, what stands out most notably in the past year's research is the way in which new observations, the product of new technologies and new interactions across disciplinary and subdisciplinary boundaries, have dramatically shifted understandings of long‐studied anthropological questions. The origin of modern humans, the evolution of human birth, and the locomotion of our hominin ancestors are just three topics that exemplify such changes in perspective over the past year. An additional shift within the discipline is the increasing importance of open access and online forums for the research process.
Imagined Commonalities: The Invention of a Late Ottoman “Tradition” of Coexistence by Cross‐Media Project: A Balkan Tale. ChristinaKoulouri, team leader. Goethe Institute, 2012. Photograph exhibit and catalog, plus documentary film The Silent Balkans: A Hundred Years since the Balkan Wars (Andreas Apostolidis, dir.).
Authors: Hayden Robert M. , Naumović Slobodan 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe “Balkan Tale” project includes an exhibit of photographs of Ottoman‐era buildings, texts by historians from the region, and a documentary film on the Balkan wars of 1912–13. Installations include a “soundwalk” and an experience of Ottoman perfumes. Materials are available in English, Albanian, Greek, German, Serbian, Macedonian, and Turkish. The project premises that various peoples of the region lived peacefully together before the creation of nation‐states and promotes a common history based on religious and ethnic coexistence. Yet such a proposition is as much an invention of a putative tradition as any nationalist history, ignoring relevant scholarship on the complexities of parallel and at times conflicting existences during Ottoman rule. The presentation echoes trendy anthropological theories on the fluidity of borders but neglects, or rejects, dominant concepts held by peoples in the region about themselves and each other, as well as scholarship that posits alternative conceptualizations of putative Ottoman proto‐multiculturalism.
EuropeanWorksCouncils and the Crisis: Change and Resistance in Cross‐Border Employee Representation atHonda andToyota
Authors: Hertwig Markus 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe article analyses the effects of the financial and economic crisis on the structures and activities of theEuropeanWorksCouncils (EWCs) atHonda andToyota, which until 2007–8 were categorized as non‐efficient representation bodies. A theoretical concept is introduced to measure activation and to analyse the factors explaining change/stability. In the empirical part, theEWCs are analysed using data from expert interviews. BothEWCs have undergone different activation ‘paths’, which partly lead to a restructuring of the bodies and the implementation of new co‐ordination processes. Yet the basic logic was retained because of cultural and power related aspects.
Inhibiting the DNA damage response as a therapeutic manoeuvre in cancer
Authors: Curtin N J 
Published: May 2013

The DNA damage response (DDR), consisting of an orchestrated network of proteins effecting repair and signalling to cell cycle arrest, to allow time to repair, is essential for cell viability and to prevent DNA damage being passed on to daughter cells. The DDR is dysregulated in cancer with some pathways up‐regulated and others down‐regulated or lost. Up‐regulated pathways can confer resistance to anti‐cancer DNA damaging agents. Therefore, inhibitors of key components of these pathways have the potential to prevent this therapeutic resistance. Conversely, defects in a particular DDR pathway may lead to dependence on a complementary pathway. Inhibition of this complementary pathway may result in tumour‐specific cell killing. Thus, inhibitors of the DDR have the potential to increase the efficacy of DNA damaging chemotherapy and radiotherapy and have single‐agent activity against tumours with a specific DDR defect. This review describes the compounds that have been designed to inhibit specific DDR targets and summarizes the pre‐clinical and clinical evaluation of these inhibitors of DNA damage signalling and repair.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Emerging Therapeutic Aspects in Oncology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.169.issue‐8
The Protective Role of Group Identity: Sectarian Antisocial Behavior and Adolescent Emotion Problems
Authors: Merrilees Christine E. , Taylor Laura K. , Goeke‐Morey Marcie C. , Shirlow Peter , Cummings E. Mark , Cairns Ed 
Published: May 2013

The protective role of strength of group identity was examined for youth in a context of protracted political conflict. Participants included 814 adolescents (Mage = 13.61, SD = 1.99 at Time 1) participating in a longitudinal study in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Utilizing hierarchical linear modeling, the results show that the effect of exposure to sectarian antisocial behaviors has a stronger effect on youth emotion problems for older adolescents. The results also show that youth with higher strength of group identity reported fewer emotion problems in the face of sectarian antisocial behavior but that this buffering effect is stronger for Protestants compared to Catholics. Implications are discussed for understanding the role of social identity in postaccord societies.
Complicated postoperative recovery increases omission, delay and discontinuation of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with Stage III colon cancer
Authors: van der Geest L. G. M. , Portielje J. E. A. , Wouters M. W. J. M. , Weijl N. I. , Tanis B. C. , Tollenaar R. A. E. M. , Struikmans H. , Nortier J. W. R. ,   all nine hospitals in the Leiden region of the Comprehensive Cancer Centre The Netherlands (CCCNL)
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimThe study included investigation of factors determining suboptimal adjuvant chemotherapy of patients diagnosed with Stage III colon cancer.MethodAll 606 patients diagnosed with Stage III colon cancer between 2006 and 2008 in the western part of the Netherlands were included. Patient [gender, age, comorbidity and socio‐economic status (SES)], tumour (location, stage and grade) and treatment (emergency surgery, laparoscopic surgery, reoperation, hospital stay and multidisciplinary meeting) factors were examined in logistic regression analyses predicting a complicated postoperative period and omission, delay and discontinuation of adjuvant chemotherapy.ResultsOverall, 27% of all patients experienced a complicated postoperative period, which was independently associated with emergency surgery, older age, multiple comorbidity, male gender and poor tumour grade. Of patients who survived this period, 60% received chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was omitted more often in women, the elderly and in patients with Stage IIIB, reoperation, prolonged hospital stay and (borderline) after open surgery. Of patients who received chemotherapy, 86% started within 8 weeks after surgery. Patients with a higher SES, reoperation and prolonged hospital stay had a higher probability of a delayed start. Sixty‐seven per cent of patients completed their chemotherapy. For women, elderly patients and patients with prolonged hospital stay a higher probability of discontinuation was noted.ConclusionAge was the most important predictive factor for receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. However, at all ages, complicated postoperative recovery negatively influenced the administration of chemotherapy to Stage III colon cancer patients, as well as a timely start and completion of chemotherapy.
Association of circulating regulatory T cell number with the incidence and prognosis of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Głowala‐Kosińska Magdalena , Chwieduk Agata , Nieckula Jarosław , Saduś‐Wojciechowska Maria , Grosicki Sebastian , Rusin Aleksandra , Nowara Elżbieta , Giebel Sebastian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRegulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for maintaining immune tolerance. High Treg frequencies have been reported in peripheral blood and tissue samples of patients with solid tumors while their role in lymphomas, including diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has not been clearly established. In this study, we analyzed the circulating Treg numbers in 27 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL and 17 healthy individuals. Tregs were detected by flow cytometry based on CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ phenotype. In addition, the expression of CD45RA, HLA‐DR, CD62L, CD39, and CTLA4 was analyzed. The number of circulating Treg cells was lower in patients with DLBCL than in healthy controls: median 23 (range, 4–107)/μL vs. 41 (19–104)/μL (P = 0.04). In particular, the number of Tregs expressing CD45RA (naïve Tregs), HLA‐DR (marker of activation), and CD62L (L‐selectin) was decreased in the DLBCL group. Lower (below median) number of circulating Tregs was associated with reduced chance of achieving complete remission (29% vs. 69%, P = 0.05) and reduced probability of even‐free survival (24% vs. 84% at 1 yr, P = 0.0004), independently on the International Prognostic Index. We conclude that low number of circulating Tregs may be associated with poor prognosis in patients with DLBCL. However, our observations require confirmation in larger patient population.