bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New sensitive detection method for lectin hemagglutination using microscopy
Authors: Adamová Lenka , Malinovská Lenka , Wimmerová Michaela 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe blood group system AB0 is determined by the composition of terminal oligosaccharides on red blood cells. Thanks to this structural feature, these groups can be recognized by saccharide‐recognizing compounds. Lectins are proteins that are able to reversibly bind saccharide structures. They generally occur as multimers and are known as hemagglutination agents. Hemagglutination is a process in which blood cells are cross‐linked via multivalent molecules. Apart from lectins, hemagglutination can also be caused by antibodies or viruses. A hemagglutination assay is commonly used for the detection of multivalent molecules that recognize blood cells, in order to search for their sugar specificity. It is traditionally performed on a microtiter plate, where the lectin solution is serially diluted and the lowest concentration of lectin causing agglutination is detected. This experimental set‐up is utilized further for testing lectin specificity via a hemagglutination inhibition assay. We have developed a new way of detecting hemagglutination using microscopy, which was tested on purified lectins as well as cell lysates. Hemagglutination was performed on a microscope slide directly and detected using a microscope. Comparison with the standard hemagglutination assay using microtiter plates revealed that microscopic approach is faster and more robust and allows fast determination of lectin activities immediately in bacterial cytosols. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:841–849, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regeneration of the Oxidation Catalysts Based on the Aqueous Solutions of Non‐Keggin Mo‐V‐P Heteropoly Acids by Molecular Oxygen
Authors: ZHIZHINA ELENA G. , ODYAKOV VIKTOR F. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTKinetic peculiarities of regeneration of the aqueous solutions of non‐Keggin‐type Mo‐V‐P heteropoly acids HaPzMoyVx′Ob (HPA‐x′) and their acidic salts by O2 are studied. The HPA‐x′ solutions have heightened thermal stability that permits to consider them as highly efficient catalysts for different oxidation processes. In the HPA‐x′ and their salts solutions, these peculiarities prove to be similar. The studied reaction is of the first order with respect to O2 and V(IV), if [V(IV)] is higher than 0.8 M. As [V(IV)] decreases during the reaction, its order with respect to V(IV) increases to the third. The apparent activation energy of the reaction at temperatures 150–170°С is 37.5 kJ mol−1. The obtained kinetic equation was used to calculate a new effective air reactor for the regeneration of the homogeneous HPA‐x′ catalyst in a pilot process of methylethylketone synthesis.
Ultrastructure and complex polar architecture of the human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Müller Axel , Beeby Morgan , McDowall Alasdair W. , Chow Janet , Jensen Grant J. , Clemons William M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCampylobacter jejuni is one of the most successful food‐borne human pathogens. Here we use electron cryotomography to explore the ultrastructure of C. jejuni cells in logarithmically growing cultures. This provides the first look at this pathogen in a near‐native state at macromolecular resolution (~5 nm). We find a surprisingly complex polar architecture that includes ribosome exclusion zones, polyphosphate storage granules, extensive collar‐shaped chemoreceptor arrays, and elaborate flagellar motors.
Outer membrane vesicles of Pasteurella multocida contain virulence factors
Authors: Fernández‐Rojas Miguel A. , Vaca Sergio , Reyes‐López Magda , de la Garza Mireya , Aguilar‐Romero Francisco , Zenteno Edgar , Soriano‐Vargas Edgardo , Negrete‐Abascal Erasmo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPasteurella multocida (Pm) is a gram‐negative bacterium able to infect different animal species, including human beings. This bacterium causes economic losses to the livestock industry because of its high morbidity and mortality in animals. In this work, we report the characterization of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released into the culture medium by different Pm serogroups. Purified OMVs in the range of 50–300 nm were observed by electron microscopy. Serum obtained from chickens infected with Pm recognized several proteins from Pm OMVs. Additionally, rabbit antiserum directed against a secreted protease from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae recognized a similar protein in the Pm OVMs, suggesting that OMVs from these bacterial species contain common immunogenic proteins. OmpA, a multifunctional protein, was identified in OMVs from different Pm serogroups, and its concentration was twofold higher in OMVs from Pm serogroups B and D than in OMVs from other serogroups. Three outer membrane proteins were also identified: OmpH, OmpW, and transferrin‐binding protein. Three bands of 65, 110, and 250 kDa with proteolytic activity were detected in Pm OMVs of serogroups A and E. Additionally, β‐lactamase activity was detected only in OMVs from Pm 12945 Ampr (serogroup A). Pm OMVs may be involved in different aspects of disease pathogenesis.
Dietary differences are reflected on the gut prokaryotic community structure of wild and commercially reared sea bream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: Kormas Konstantinos A. , Meziti Alexandra , Mente Eleni , Frentzos Athanasios 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe compared the gut prokaryotic communities in wild, organically‐, and conventionally reared sea bream (Sparus aurata) individuals. Gut microbial communities were identified using tag pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. There were distinct prokaryotic communities in the three different fish nutritional treatments, with the bacteria dominating over the Archaea. Most of the Bacteria belonged to the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The number of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was reduced from the wild to the conventionally reared fish, implying a response of the gut microorganisms to the supplied food and possibly alterations in food assimilation. The dominant bacterial OTU in all examined fish was closely related to the genus Diaphorobacter. This is the first time that a member of the β‐Proteobacteria, which dominate in freshwaters, are so important in a marine fish gut. In total the majority of the few Archaea OTUs found, were related to methane metabolism. The inferred physiological roles of the dominant prokaryotes are related to the metabolism of carbohydrates and nitrogenous compounds. This study showed the responsive feature of the sea bream gut prokaryotic communities to their diets and also the differences of the conventional in comparison to the organic and wild sea bream gut microbiota.
A secondary data analysis of Internet use in caregivers of persons with dementia
Authors: Kim Heejung , Rose Karen M. , Netemeyer Richard G. , Merwin Elizabeth I. , Williams Ishan C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimThis paper is a secondary data analysis to investigate relationships among caregiver stress appraisal, self‐rated health and health‐related Internet use.DesignCross‐sectional correlation design.MethodsNational Alliance for Caregiving telephone survey conducted in the USA was a primary data source collected in 2009 from 258 caregivers of persons with dementia, who used the Internet to perform care‐giving tasks. Based on Pearlin's Stress Process Model, structural equation modelling was conducted.ResultsCaregivers with poor health reported higher levels of caregiver stress appraised, which was associated with more Internet use for health‐related purposes. It is required to develop effective Internet‐based resources to meet the needs of highly stressed caregivers of persons with dementia. However, there was no relationship between self‐rated health and health‐related Internet use in dementia caregiver.
The Embarrassment of Riches: Rationalising Faunal Assemblages from Large Urban Sites
Authors: Rainsford C. , O'Connor T. , Connelly P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMuseums and other curatorial bodies face the significant challenge of storing large volumes of material recovered from decades of archaeological excavation, amongst which are very large collections of animal bones. As stores fill up, there is pressure to reconsider curation policies, to the point of refusing further deposition and disposal of existing material. Faced with this situation, York Archaeological Trust looked to develop and implement a strategy to reduce the curated research resource of animal bones, accepting that some excavated assemblages are of low research potential. Applying this strategy to animal bones from the Hungate excavation resulted in a substantial reduction in the volume of material regarded as of significant future research value. The strategy also generated a digital record, including images, that provides the justification for those retention decisions as well as a useful survey that facilitates the location of suitable material for further research. This pilot study shows that it is possible to rationalise what would otherwise be a substantial store of bone assemblages to give a smaller, better‐documented and more research‐relevant archive of material. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myxopapillary ependymoma in children: A study of 11 cases and a comparison with the adult experience
Authors: Cimino Patrick J. , Agarwal Ashima , Dehner Louis P. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundMyxopapillary ependymomas (MEPN) are uncommon tumors of the central nervous system, mainly occurring within the conus medullaris–filum terminale. MEPNs can also present in the skin and underlying soft tissues of the sacrococcygeal region. The incidence of extramedullary MEPNs in children is unclear.ProcedureWe retrospectively reviewed our institutional files for MEPN cases between the years 1990–2012. A total of 11 pediatric and 38 adult cases were identified and compared to determine differences between these two distinct age groups.ResultsThere were 40 (82%) tumors arising in the spine and nine (18%) in extramedullary sites. Pathologic examination revealed that extramedullary and spinal MEPNs were indistinguishable morphologically and immunophenotypically. Among the 11 children with MEPNs, seven had tumors presenting in extramedullary sites whereas only two adults (5%) had extramedullary tumors; this difference was highly significant (P < 0.0001). The lumbosacral portion of the spinal cord was the primary site for the remaining 40 MEPNs, four (10%) of which presented in children. One extramedullary MEPN (9%) recurred in a 45‐year‐old woman, and five (11%) of 40 spinal tumors recurred and/or metastasized; two of four children with spinal MEPNs developed recurrences and a manifestation to the aggressive nature of the latter tumor in the spinal cord of children.ConclusionsBased upon our experience, MEPN in children is more likely to present in the extramedullary soft tissues of the sacrococcygeal region where its behavior is more indolent than those tumors arising in the spinal cord in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1969–1971. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feasibility and acceptability of an iPad application to explore symptom clusters in adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: Macpherson Catherine Fiona , Linder Lauri A. , Ameringer Suzanne , Erickson Jeanne , Stegenga Kristin , Woods Nancy F. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a computer‐based symptom cluster heuristics tool designed to explore symptom clusters experienced by adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer. The Computerized Symptom Capture Tool (C‐SCAT) is a newly developed iPad application, which combines graphical images and free text responses in an innovative heuristics approach to explore symptoms and symptom clusters.ProcedureSeventy‐two AYAs (13–29 years of age) with cancer at five institutions across the US completed the C‐SCAT 24–96 hours after the initial chemotherapy dose in a chemotherapy cycle.ResultsAll participants completed the C‐SCAT successfully in a mean of 25 minutes, with 74% reporting that the final image was an accurate or very accurate representation of their symptom experience. Little clarification/coaching was necessary while completing the C‐SCAT. Few technical problems were encountered. Participants judged the C‐SCAT questions to be clear and endorsed ease of following instructions, typing, and drawing.ConclusionsThe C‐SCAT demonstrated feasibility and acceptability. With refinement based on study results, the C‐SCAT has potential to: (a) empower AYAs to communicate their symptom experience and partner with providers in their care; (b) improve symptom management and ameliorate distress; and (c) translate to use with other highly symptomatic populations. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1996–2003. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Practices of pediatric oncology and hematology providers regarding fertility issues: A European survey
Authors: Terenziani Monica , Spinelli Marco , Jankovic Momcilo , Bardi Edit , Hjorth Lars , Haupt Riccardo , Michel Gisela , Byrne Julianne ,   on behalf of the PanCare Network
Published: July 2014

BackgroundFertility is impaired in many survivors of childhood cancer following treatment. Preservation of fertility after cancer has become a central survivorship concern. Nevertheless, several doctors, patients, and families do not discuss fertility and recommendations for fertility preservation in pediatrics are still lacking. Recommendations based on scientific evidence are needed and before their development we wanted to assess the practice patterns of fertility preservation in Europe.ProceduresOn behalf of the PanCare network, we sent a questionnaire to pediatric onco‐hematology institutions across Europe. The survey consisted of 21 questions assessing their usual practices around fertility preservation.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐eight institutional representatives across Europe received the survey and 68 (response rate 34.3%) responded. Pre‐treatment fertility counseling was offered by 64 institutions. Counseling was done by a pediatric onco‐hematologist in 52% (33/64) and in 32% (20/64) by a team. The majority of institutions (53%) lacked recommendations for fertility preservation. All 64 centers offered sperm banking; eight offered testicular tissue cryopreservation for pre‐pubertal males. For females, the possibility of preserving ovarian tissue was offered by 40 institutions.ConclusionsThere is a high level of interest in fertility preservation among European centers responding to our survey. However, while most recommended sperm cryopreservation, many also recommended technologies whose efficacy has not been shown. There is an urgent need for evidence‐based European recommendations for fertility preservation to help survivors deal with the stressful topic of fertility. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2054–2058. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kilogram scale inverse vulcanization of elemental sulfur to prepare high capacity polymer electrodes for Li‐S batteries
Authors: Griebel Jared J. , Li Guoxing , Glass Richard S. , Char Kookheon , Pyun Jeffrey 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of high content sulfur copolymers via the inverse vulcanization of elemental sulfur and 1,3‐diisopropenylbenzene (DIB) on a one‐kilogram scale is reported in a single step process. Investigation into the effects of temperature, reaction scale, and comonomer feed ratios on the inverse vulcanization process of S8 and DIB were explored to suppress the Trommsdorf effect and enable large scale synthesis of these copolymers. The copolymers were then successfully used as the active cathode materials in Li‐S batteries, exhibiting enhanced capacity retention and battery lifetimes (608 mAh/g at 640 cycles) at a C/10 rate. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 173–177
A novel approach for detecting viable and tissue‐specific circulating tumor cells through an adenovirus‐based reporter vector
Authors: Wu Ping , Sokoll Lori J. , Kudrolli Tarana A. , Chowdhury Wasim H. , Ma Rong , Liu Minzhi M. , Rodriguez Ronald , Lupold Shawn E. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) hold great promise as biomarkers and are a direct source of tumor cells through a simple blood draw. However, CTCs are rare and their detection requires sensitive and specific methods to overcome the overwhelming hematocyte population. Therefore, CTC detection remains technically challenging.METHODSAn assay was developed for detecting viable and tissue‐specific CTCs using a tropism‐enhanced and conditionally replicating reporter adenovirus (CTC‐RV). Adenoviral replication was made prostate‐specific by placing the E1A gene under the control of the probasin promoter and prostate‐specific antigen enhancer (PSE‐PBN). Viral tropism was expanded through capsid‐displayed integrin targeting peptides. A secreted reporter, humanized Metridia Luciferase (hMLuc), was engineered for expression during the major late phase of viral replication. The assay involves red blood cell lysis, cell collection, viral infection, and subsequent quantification of reporter activity from cellular media. Assay and reporter stability, cell specificity and sensitivity were evaluated in cell dilution models in human blood.RESULTSA conditionally replicating prostate‐selective adenovirus reporter and CTC assay system were generated. The secreted reporter, MLuc, was found to be stable for at least 3 days under assay conditions. CTC detection, modeled by cell dilution in blood, was selective for androgen receptor positive prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Serial dilution demonstrated assay linearity and sensitivity to as few as three cells. Prostate cancer cell viability declined after several hours in anticoagulated blood at ambient temperatures.CONCLUSIONSConditionally replicative adenoviral vectors and secreted reporters offer a functional method to detect viable CTCs with cell specificity and high sensitivity. Prostate 74: 1286–1296, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mediation effect of sub‐monolayer carbon on interfacial mixing in Ge growth on Si(100)
Authors: Itoh Yuhki , Hayase Ryo , Hatakeyama Shinji , Kawashima Tomoyuki , Washio Katsuyoshi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe mediation effect of carbon (C) on interfacial mixing in Ge growth was studied using C‐covered Si surface (Ge/C/Si) and C over thin Ge buffer layer (Ge/C/Ge/Si) systems. The samples were prepared by solid‐source molecular beam epitaxy system with electron beam gun for C sublimation and K‐cell for Ge evaporation. The interdiffusion at the interface and deterioration in crystallinity of Ge layer was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction, respectively. In the case of Ge/C/Si system, the interdiffusion of Si and Ge atoms was suppressed by more than 0.3 monolayer (ML)‐C depositions while crystallinity of Ge layer was deteriorates by the formation of Si‐C at the Si surface and the incorporation of C atoms in Ge layer. In the case of Ge/C/Ge/Si system, the crystallinity of Ge layer was maintained even at C coverage of a few MLs, however, the amount of C to suppress the Ge/Si interdiffusion was more than 3 ML. From the correlation between Ge crystallinity and surface roughness, Ge/C/Ge/Si structure is considered to be more effective to take advantage of C mediation. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence properties of Ce3+ ions in Ce‐doped SiO1.5 thin films containing Si nanocrystals
Authors: Weimmerskirch‐Aubatin J. , Stoffel M. , Devaux X. , Bouché A. , Vergnat M. , Rinnert H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe investigate the luminescence properties of Ce3+ ions in Ce‐doped SiO1.5 thin films containing Si nanocrystals (Si‐ncs) by means of steady‐state photoluminescence (PL), time‐resolved PL and PL excitation spectroscopy. Strong Ce‐related blue luminescence is observed with the naked eye at room temperature. The Ce‐related lumines‐cence is found to ncrease with the Ce content in the films while simultaneously, the Si‐nc‐related luminescence decreases. Moreover, the decay time of the Si‐nc related luminescence decreases for increasing Ce concentrations thus suggesting a possible indirect excitation of the Ce3+ ions via Si‐ncs. However, PL excitation measurements show that Ce3+ ions are mainly directly excited with only a negligible influence of the Si‐ncs. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Endobronchial cryptococcosis induced by Cryptococcus gattii mimicking metastatic lung cancer
Authors: Nakashima Kazuhisa , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Endo Masahiro , Kawamura Ichiro , Nakajima Takashi , Takahashi Toshiaki 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA 41‐year‐old previously healthy Japanese man complained of cough for 2 months. A chest computed tomography scan revealed a mass in his left lung with multiple mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed many small, enhancing lesions. He was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation of an abnormal shadow suspicious for metastatic lung cancer. Bronchoscopy showed aggregated white nodes in the compressively stenosed left main bronchus. A specimen from transbronchial biopsy showed many foamy and yeast‐like cells. Cultures and additional gene analysis identified these cells as Cryptococcus gattii. Antifungal treatment was commenced and his symptoms clearly improved. To our knowledge, this is the first case of an aggressive form of endobronchial cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii.
Mechanism of TiO2 nanoparticle‐induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Sheng Lei , Wang Ling , Su Mingyu , Zhao Xiaoyang , Hu Renping , Yu Xiaohong , Hong Jie , Liu Dong , Xu Bingqing , Zhu Yunting , Wang Han , Hong Fashui 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTZebrafish (Danio rerio) has been used historically for evaluating the toxicity of environmental and aqueous toxicants, and there is an emerging literature reporting toxic effects of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) in zebrafish embryos. Few researches, however, are focused on the neurotoxicity on adult zebrafish after subchronic exposure to TiO2 NPs. This study was designed to evaluate the morphological changes, alterations of neurochemical contents, and expressions of memory behavior‐related genes in zebrafish brains caused by exposures to 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/L TiO2 NPs for 45 consecutive days. Our data indicated that spatial recognition memory and levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, and 5‐hydroxytryptamine were significantly decreased and NO levels were markedly elevated, and over proliferation of glial cells, neuron apoptosis, and TiO2 NP aggregation were observed after low dose exposures of TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, the low dose exposures of TiO2 NPs significantly activated expressions of C‐fos, C‐jun, and BDNF genes, and suppressed expressions of p38, NGF, CREB, NR1, NR2ab, and GluR2 genes. These findings imply that low dose exposures of TiO2 NPs may result in the brain damages in zebrafish, provide a developmental basis for evaluating the neurotoxicity of subchronic exposure, and raise the caution of aquatic application of TiO2 NPs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 163–175, 2016.