bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A preliminary study of the correlations between quantitative parameters and clinical stage
Authors: Zheng Dechun , Chen Yunbin , Chen Ying , Xu Luying , Chen Weibo , Yao Yiqi , Du Zhongshi , Deng Xiaohong , Chan Queenie 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the relationship between quantitative parameters of dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) and clinical stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Materials and MethodsFifty‐one newly diagnosed NPC patients received MRI examination on Philips Achieva 3.0 Tesla TX MR system. We used DCE‐Tool (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands) to investigate parameters from primary tumors. Tumor/node/metastasis and corresponding clinical stages were determined based on 2009 UICC 7th edition. The correlations between quantitative parameters and clinical stage were correlated using Pearson correlation analysis.ResultsMean Ktrans, Kep, ve, and vp for primary tumors were 0.500 ± 0.188/min, 0.744 ± 0.273/min, 0.986 ± 0.595, and 0.052 ± 0.071, respectively. Both Ktrans and Kep of tumors showed moderate negative correlation with clinical stage, T stage and N stage (P < 0.05), while ve showed moderate positive correlation with them (P < 0.05). vp revealed a moderate negative correlation with T stage (r = −0.369; P < 0.004). Kep and ve have significant differences between many early and advanced stages patients.ConclusionDCE‐MRI is feasible to assess vascular permeability of NPC patients. Our results first revealed that the quantitative parameters were significantly related to clinical stage of NPC. Thus, DCE‐MRI may be valuable to add noninvasive prognostic indicators in evaluating NPC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:940–948. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automatic segmentation of invasive breast carcinomas from dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI using time series analysis
Authors: Jayender Jagadaeesan , Chikarmane Sona , Jolesz Ferenc A. , Gombos Eva 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo accurately segment invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) from dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) using time series analysis based on linear dynamic system (LDS) modeling.Materials and MethodsQuantitative segmentation methods based on black‐box modeling and pharmacokinetic modeling are highly dependent on imaging pulse sequence, timing of bolus injection, arterial input function, imaging noise, and fitting algorithms. We modeled the underlying dynamics of the tumor by an LDS and used the system parameters to segment the carcinoma on the DCE‐MRI. Twenty‐four patients with biopsy‐proven IDCs were analyzed. The lesions segmented by the algorithm were compared with an expert radiologist's segmentation and the output of a commercial software, CADstream. The results are quantified in terms of the accuracy and sensitivity of detecting the lesion and the amount of overlap, measured in terms of the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC).ResultsThe segmentation algorithm detected the tumor with 90% accuracy and 100% sensitivity when compared with the radiologist's segmentation and 82.1% accuracy and 100% sensitivity when compared with the CADstream output. The overlap of the algorithm output with the radiologist's segmentation and CADstream output, computed in terms of the DSC was 0.77 and 0.72, respectively. The algorithm also shows robust stability to imaging noise. Simulated imaging noise with zero mean and standard deviation equal to 25% of the base signal intensity was added to the DCE‐MRI series. The amount of overlap between the tumor maps generated by the LDS‐based algorithm from the noisy and original DCE‐MRI was DSC = 0.95.ConclusionThe time‐series analysis based segmentation algorithm provides high accuracy and sensitivity in delineating the regions of enhanced perfusion corresponding to tumor from DCE‐MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:467–475. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recombination and evolutionary dynamics of human echovirus 6
Authors: Cabrerizo María , Trallero Gloria , Simmonds Peter 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEnterovirus (EV) infections are associated with a wide array of often severe disease presentations including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. Surveillance for polioviruses and other EVs is therefore important as a public health measure both for patient management and epidemiological studies. From 1988 to 2008, echovirus (E) 30 was the predominant genotype in Spain (33.7% of the total typed EVs). E6 was also endemic throughout this period although isolated less frequently (12.5%). In 2009, however, a substantial increase in the incidence of E6 was detected (60%), displacing E30 type (2%). To investigate the evolution and recombination in the epidemiology and transmission of E6 in Spain, a genetic analysis in VP1 and 3Dpol regions of 67 Spanish strains collected during the period 2004–2010 was performed. All VP1 sequences clustered monophyletically in the assigned genogroup C, subgroup 9, currently the predominant circulating strains identified in Europe and elsewhere in the last 10 years. 3Dpol sequences were interspersed with other species B EVs resulting from several recombination events that generated at least 12 different recombinant forms (RFs) among study samples. These showed typically minimal divergence in VP1. The co‐circulation of different lineages of E6 in the same geographical area associated with its mainly endemic pattern of transmission may have contributed to the extremely short estimated half‐life of E6 RFs (0.87 years). This pattern contrasts markedly with other species B EVs and EV71 where VP1 lineage expansion and extinction occurred in step with defined recombination events and periodic changes in incidence. J. Med. Virol. 86:857–864, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy of antibacterial bioactive glass S53P4 against S. aureus biofilms grown on titanium discs in vitro
Authors: Coraça‐Huber Débora C. , Fille Manfred , Hausdorfer Johann , Putzer David , Nogler Michael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe evaluated the effectiveness of different sizes of bioactive glass S53P4 against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms grown on metal discs in vitro. S. aureus biofilms were cultivated on titanium discs. BAG‐S53P4 (0.5–0.8 mm and <45 µm) were placed in contact with the discs containing biofilms. Glass beads (0.5 mm) were used as a control. After each interval, the pH from each sample was measured. Colony forming units were counted for the biofilm recovery verification. In parallel, we tested the activity of bioactive glass against S. aureus planktonic cells. We found that BAG‐S53P4 can suppress S. aureus biofilm formation on titanium discs in vitro. The suppression rate of biofilm cells by BAG‐S53P4 <45 µm was significantly higher than by BAG‐S53P4 0.5–0.8 mm. BAG‐S53P4 has a clear growth‐inhibitory effect on S. aureus biofilms. BAG‐S53P4 <45 µm is more efficient against biofilm growth in vitro comparing with BAG‐S53P4 0.5–0.8 mm. Bioactive glass S53P4 has potential to be used as bone substitute for the resolution of infection complications in joint replacement surgeries and treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:175–177, 2014.
Both expression of cytokines and posterior annulus fibrosus rupture are essential for pain behavior changes induced by degenerative intervertebral disc: An experimental study in rats
Authors: Li Zemin , Liu Hui , Yang Hao , Wang Jianru , Wang Hua , Zhang Kuibo , Ding Wenbin , Zheng Zhaomin 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between intervertebral disc degeneration and low back pain (LBP). Rat L4/5 disc degeneration model was established by annular puncture using a 0.4 mm needle anteriorly or posteriorly. In both anterior and posterior puncture models, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological analyses revealed marked disc degeneration 2 weeks after puncture. Cytokine expression was up‐regulated in different level in nucleus pulposus (NP) from 3 days after puncture. Pain behavioral tests indicated that the anterior disc puncture did not induce pain behavior changes, whereas the posterior disc puncture resulted in mechanical allodynia from 1 day to 21 days after injury. Besides, cytokine expression was significantly increased in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) at 1 and 2 weeks after posterior puncture, but not after the anterior puncture. These findings indicate the NP of the degenerative disc expresses different levels of inflammatory cytokines, and posterior disc puncture produced mechanical allodynia. The expression phase of cytokines in the NP was accordance with mechanical hyperalgesia in the posterior disc puncture model. Both expression of cytokines and posterior annulus fibrosus (AF) rupture in degenerative intervertebral disc are essential for pain behavior changes. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:262–272, 2014.
Direct Measurement of the Equilibrium Constants of the Reaction of Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde with HO2 Radicals
Authors: Morajkar Pranay , Schoemaecker Coralie , Okumura Mitchio , Fittschen Christa 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTRate and equilibrium constants for the reaction of HO2 with formaldehyde

urn:x-wiley:05388066:kin20817:equation:kin20817-math-0001
and acetaldehyde

urn:x-wiley:05388066:kin20817:equation:kin20817-math-0002
have been directly measured. The concentration of HO2 radicals was followed in a time‐resolved method by coupling cw‐CRDS (cavity ringdown spectroscopy) to laser photolysis. The reaction of HO2 with CH2O (R1) was measured at 50 Torr helium over the temperature range 292–306 K, whereas the reaction of CH3CHO with HO2 (R2) was measured in 50 Torr He but at only 294 K. The observed HO2 decay profiles were modeled to take into account secondary chemistry, especially that of the reaction products, hydroxyl‐peroxy radical adducts. The rate constants for forward and back reactions of (R1) at 297 K were found to be k1 = (3.3 ± 0.6) × 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and k−1 = (55 ± 5) s−1, respectively, both roughly a factor of two slower than earlier measurements (possibly due to falloff effects), while the equilibrium constant was found to be K1 = (6.0 ± 1.8) × 10−16 molecule−1 cm3 at 297 K, in good agreement with earlier, more indirect determinations. The equilibrium constant of the reaction with CH3CHO was found to be K2 = (1.7 ± 0.5) × 10−17 molecule−1 cm3 at 294 K, with the forward rate constant k2 = (1.5 ± 0.75) × 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and the rate constant for the back reaction k−2 = (900 ± 450) s−1.
Kinetics of Forward Extraction of V(IV) in V(IV)‐SO42−(H+, Na+)‐Cyanex 301–Kerosene System Using the Lewis Cell Technique
Authors: Biswas Ranjit Kumar , Karmakar Aneek Krishna 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTKinetics of the extraction of V(IV) from acidic sulfate medium by Cyanex 301 dissolved in kerosene has been investigated using a constant interfacial area stirred cell with laminar flow (Lewis cell). Reaction orders with respect to different concentration terms, rate constant, activation energy, entropy change in activation, and the enthalpy change in activation have been measured at a phase circulation speed of 3 Hz. The rate equation at 293 K is F (kmol/m2s) = 10−7.02 (1 + 0.025[V(IV)]−1)−1 (1 + 398[H+])−1 (1 + 0.10 [HA]o−1)−1 (1 + 3.16 [SO42−]). Based on the experimental results, the mechanism of extraction has been proposed.
A New Insight into the Mechanism of 1,3‐Dienes Cationic Polymerization I: Polymerization of 1,3‐Pentadiene with tBuCl/TiCl4 Initiating System: Kinetic and Mechanistic Study
Authors: Rozentsvet Victor A. , Kozlov Valery G. , Korovina Nelly A. , Kostjuk Sergei V. 
Published: October 2013

The cationic polymerization of 1,3‐pentadiene using a tert‐butyl chloride (tBuCl)/TiCl4 initiating system in CH2Cl2 at different reaction conditions is reported. It is shown that the reaction rate increases with the increase of the tBuCl/TiCl4 molar ratio, while the molecular weight distribution becomes narrower. Well‐defined oligo(1,3‐pentadiene)s ( ≤ 3500 g mol−1; / ≤ 3.0) are obtained at high tBuCl/TiCl4 molar ratio (340) and low temperature (–78 °C). 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy studies reveal the presence of tert‐butyl head and –CH2–Cl end groups. The number‐average functionalities (Fns) at the α‐ and ω‐ends are calculated to be Fn(tBu) > 1 and Fn(Cl) < 1, respectively. The general mechanism of 1,3‐pentadiene polymerization is proposed.
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Developing Porous Honeycomb Films Using Miktoarm Star Copolymers and Exploring Their Application in Particle Separation
Authors: Zhang Chengyi , Wang Xiaofeng , Min Ke , Lee Doyun , Wei Chuan , Schulhauser Hannah , Gao Haifeng 
Published: October 2013

This paper reports for the first time the synthesis and application of miktoarm star copolymers to produce highly ordered honeycomb films using the breath figure technique. Miktoarm star copolymer containing a cross‐linked core and two arm species, e.g., polystyrene and poly(t‐butyl acrylate), is successfully synthesized using ATRP in a one‐pot arm‐first method. Various experimental parameters, including polymer architectures, solvents, polymer concentrations, and substrates, are explored to investigate their effects on the structure of the honeycomb films. It is found that miktoarm star copolymers with high molecular weight and spherical shape could readily produce ordered honeycomb films in a broader range of concentrations and humidity than linear block copolymers with similar chemical compositions but lower molecular weight. Partial hydrolysis of poly(t‐butyl acrylate) arm species in the honeycomb film transforms the surface property from hydrophobic to hydrophilic while maintaining the film's mechanical stability in water. This porous monolayer film with uniform pore size distribution and inter‐connected pore channels is successfully applied for separation of microparticles with different sizes.
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Impact of mTORC1 inhibition on keratinocyte proliferation during skin tumor promotion in wild‐type and BK5.AktWT mice
Authors: Rho Okkyung , Kiguchi Kaoru , Jiang Guiyu , DiGiovanni John 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this study, we examined the impact of rapamycin on mTORC1 signaling during 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced keratinocyte proliferation and skin tumor promotion in both wild‐type (FVB/N) and BK5.AktWT mice. TPA activated mTORC1 signaling in a time‐dependent manner in cultured primary mouse keratinocytes and a mouse keratinocyte cell line. Early activation (15–30 min) of mTORC1 signaling induced by TPA was mediated in part by PKC activation, whereas later activation (2–4 h) was mediated by activation of EGFR and Akt. BK5.AktWT transgenic mice, where Akt1 is overexpressed in basal epidermis, are highly sensitive to TPA‐induced epidermal proliferation and two‐stage skin carcinogenesis. Targeting mTORC1 with rapamycin effectively inhibited TPA‐induced epidermal hyperplasia and hyperproliferation as well as tumor promotion in a dose‐dependent manner in both wild‐type and BK5.AktWT mice. A significant expansion (∼threefold) of the label retaining cell (LRC) population per hair follicle was observed in BK5.AktWT mice compared to FVB/N mice. There was also a significant increase in K15 expressing cells in the hair follicle of transgenic mice that coincided with expression of phospho‐Akt, phospho‐S6K, and phospho‐PRAS40, suggesting an important role of mTORC1 signaling in bulge‐region keratinocyte stem cell (KSC) homeostasis. After 2 weeks of TPA treatment, LRCs had moved upward into the interfollicular epidermis from the bulge region of both wild‐type and BK5.AktWT mice. TPA‐mediated LRC proliferation and migration was significantly inhibited by rapamycin. Collectively, the current data indicate that signaling through mTORC1 contributes significantly to the process of skin tumor promotion through effects on proliferation of the target cells for tumor development. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MPTP‐induced dopamine neuron degeneration and glia activation is potentiated in MDMA‐pretreated mice
Authors: Costa Giulia , Frau Lucia , Wardas Jadwiga , Pinna Annalisa , Plumitallo Antonio , Morelli Micaela 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTClinical observations report a greater propensity to develop Parkinson's disease (PD) in amphetamine users. 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; “ecstasy”) is an amphetamine‐related drug that is largely consumed by adolescents and young adults, which may have neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic effects. Here, the objective was to evaluate in mice whether consumption of MDMA during adolescence might influence the neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic effects of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a toxin known to induce PD in humans. The activation of astroglia and microglia by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and complement receptor type 3 (CD11b) immunohistochemistry and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry were evaluated. MPTP (20 mg/kg × 4) was administered to mice treated from ages 8 weeks to 17 weeks with MDMA (10 mg/kg twice daily, two times a week). In mice that were chronically treated with MDMA, administration of MPTP induced a higher microglial and astroglial response in both the striatum and the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) compared with vehicle‐treated or vehicle + MPTP‐treated mice. Inflammatory changes were associated with a decrease in TH immunoreactivity in the SNc of MDMA‐treated mice and with a further decrease in the striatum and the SNc of MDMA + MPTP‐treated mice compared with vehicle‐treated, MDMA‐treated, and MPTP‐treated mice. The results demonstrate that chronic administration of MDMA during late adolescence in mice exacerbates the neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation caused by MPTP, suggesting that MDMA may constitute a risk factor for dopaminergic neuron degeneration. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Molecular pathology and prostate cancer therapeutics: from biology to bedside
Authors: Rodrigues Daniel Nava , Butler Lisa M , Estelles David Lorente , de Bono Johann S 
Published: October 2013

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and has an extremely heterogeneous clinical behaviour. The vast majority of PCas are hormonally driven diseases in which androgen signalling plays a central role. The realization that castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) continues to rely on androgen signalling prompted the development of new, effective androgen blocking agents. As the understanding of the molecular biology of PCas evolves, it is hoped that stratification of prostate tumours into distinct molecular entities, each with its own set of vulnerabilities, will be a feasible goal. Around half of PCas harbour rearrangements involving a member of the ETS transcription factor family. Tumours without this rearrangement include SPOP mutant as well as SPINK1‐over‐expressing subtypes. As the number of targeted therapy agents increases, it is crucial to determine which patients will benefit from these interventions and molecular pathology will be key in this respect. In addition to directly targeting cells, therapies that modify the tumour microenvironment have also been successful in prolonging the lives of PCa patients. Understanding the molecular aspects of PCa therapeutics will allow pathologists to provide core recommendations for patient management. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pediatric oncology surveillance imaging: Two recommendations. Abandon CT scanning, and randomize to imaging or solely clinical follow‐up
Authors: McHugh Kieran , Roebuck Derek J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRadiologic assessments in children with cancer provide information crucial to patient management at diagnosis and during follow‐up. Many studies have now been published, however, questioning the usefulness of off‐therapy surveillance imaging. There is growing concern regarding the hazards from diagnostic irradiation to young patients, most notably from CT scanning. In this paper we advocate abandoning repeated CT surveillance in young patients with a previously treated solid malignancy not arising in the central nervous system. In addition, randomized studies of imaging surveillance versus no imaging surveillance strategies are needed to determine whether earlier detection of recurrence results in improved survival. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:3–6. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longitudinal assessment of amniotic fluid volume in monoamniotic twin gestations
Authors: Emery Stephen P. , Canavan Timothy P. , Young Omar M. , Hill Lyndon M. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study is to describe normal amniotic fluid volume through gestation in a cohort of normal monoamniotic (MA) twins.MethodOur ultrasound database was queried for MA twin gestations from 2004 to 2011. Monochorionic twin pregnancies mimicking MA gestations, such as twin‐twin transfusion syndrome, were excluded. Complicated MA gestations and higher‐order multifetal gestations involving an MA pair were excluded. Thirty subjects were followed with serial amniotic fluid index (AFI) measurements from 15 to 32 weeks gestation. Using each AFI measurement as a unique data point, a quadratic regression model and a multi‐level growth model were developed against gestational age (GA), providing a predicted AFI at each completed week, with a 95% confidence interval.ResultsThe quadratic regression least squares and multi‐level growth models yielded the same curve comparing the AFI to the GA. Figure 1 depicts the model with the 95% confidence interval for normal amniotic fluid volume by GA for normal MA twins. Table 2 shows the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles for AFI by week from 15 to 32 weeks.ConclusionWe have generated normative data for amniotic fluid volume across gestation in uncomplicated MA twins. This can be used as a reference when managing MA pregnancies. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of lactic acid on degradation and biocompatibility of electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) fibers
Authors: Kim Eun Kyo , Pant Hem Raj , Hwang Bo‐Sang , Kim Yu Kyoung , Kim Hak Yong , Lee Kang Min , Park Chan‐Hee , Kim Cheol Sang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractElectrospinning of a poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)/lactic acid (LA) blend was investigated to fabricate electrospun PCL fibers with improved biodegradability and biocompatibility for biomedical applications. Simple blending of PCL solution with various amounts of LA was used for electrospinning, and the physicochemical properties of the as‐fabricated mat were evaluated using various techniques. Scanning electron microscopy showed that fiber diameter decreased with increasing amount of LA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis also revealed that LA was successfully incorporated in PCL fibers. The presence of LA can accelerate the biodegradation of PCL fibers and enhance the hydrophilicity of a membrane. The adhesion, viability and proliferation properties of osteoblast cells on the PCL/LA composite fibers were analyzed using in vitro cell compatibility tests which showed that LA can increase the cell compatibility of PCL fibers. Additionally, subsequent conversion of LA into calcium lactate by neutralization with calcium base can provide Ca2+ ions on the fiber surface to promote the nucleation of CaPO4 particles. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry