bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of novel anthropometric indices in identifying type 2 diabetes mellitus among South African adult females
Authors: Sekgala Machoene Derrick , Sewpaul Ronel , Kengne Andre , Mchiza Zandile , Peer Nasheeta 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aim
To assess the clinical utility of novel anthropometric indices and other traditional anthropometric indices in identifying the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) among South African adult females.
Methods
In the first South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1), traditional [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)] and novel [a-body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body adiposity index (BAI), body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (CI), and Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE)] anthropometric indices were assessed. T2D was diagnosed using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5% among participants without known T2D. Basic statistics and multiple regression analyses were explored the association between anthropometric indices and newly diagnosed T2D. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was measured the predictive ability of both traditional and novel indices.
Results
Among 2 623 participants, 384 (14.6%) had newly diagnosed T2D. All anthropometric indices mean values were significantly higher among participants with T2D (most p < 0.001). Higher mean values increased T2D odds e.g., in the model adjusted for age, employment, residence, and population group, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for T2D with some of anthropometric indices were: 1.86 (1.60–2.15) for WC, 1.84 (1.59–2.13) for WHtR, 1.73 (1.51–1.99) for AVI, 1.71 (1.49–1.96) for BRI and 1.86 (1.57–2.20) for CUN-BAE. The top quartile for all indices had the highest T2D odds (p < 0.05). These outcomes were the highest for WC, AVI, and CUN-BAE and remained so even after removing the confounding effects of age, employment, population group, and residence. Based on the ROC analysis, none of the anthropometrical indices performed excellently (i.e., had an area under the curve [AUC] > 0.80). The WC, WHtR, AVI, BRI, and CUN-BAE, however, performed acceptably (AUCs 0.70–0.79), while also exhibiting corresponding cutoff values of 86.65 cm, 0.57, 15.52, 3.83, and 38.35, respectively.
Conclusions
The data shows that traditional and novel anthropometric indices similarly identifying newly diagnosed T2D among adult South African females. We recommend the continuing the use of traditional indices, as they are affordable and easy to use in our setting.
A nomogram based on hematological parameters for prediction of spontaneous abortion risk in pregnancies
Authors: Xiang Junmiao , Liu Lin , Bao Ruru , Cai Zhuhua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Pregnancy loss significantly affects physical and mental health. A nomogram for predicting spontaneous abortion risk was developed to improve pregnancy outcomes.
Methods
A total of 1346 pregnant women were enrolled from The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (May 2020 - May 2022). The training set included 941 participants, and the validation set had 405. Feature selection was optimized using a random forest model, and a predictive model was constructed via multivariable logistic regression. The nomogram’s performance was assessed with receiver operator characteristic (ROC), Hosmer-Lemeshow test, calibration curve, and clinical impact curve (CIC). Discrimination and clinical utility were compared between the nomogram and its individual variables.
Results
Antithrombin III (AT-III), homocysteine (Hcy), complement component 3 (C3), protein C (PC), and anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibody (anti-β2GP1) were identified as risk factors. The nomogram demonstrated satisfactory discrimination (Training AUC: 0.813, 95% CI: 0.790–0.842; Validation AUC: 0.792, 95% CI: 0.741–0.838). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test (P = .331) indicated a good fit, and the CIC showed clinical net benefit. The nomogram outperformed individual variables in discrimination (AUC: 0.804, 95% CI: 0.779–0.829).
Conclusion
The developed nomogram, incorporating AT-III, Hcy, C3, PC, and anti-β2GP1, aids clinicians in identifying pregnant women at high risk for spontaneous abortion.
Continuous Electroencephalography in Acute Liver Failure: Findings and Prognostic Value
Authors: Chen Denise Fay , Farrque Mirza , Karakis Ioannis , Gupta Navnika , Rodriguez Andres , Kandiah Prem A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
Neurologic complications contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in acute liver failure (ALF) and present a major obstacle to transplant-free survival and liver transplantation. Preservation of cerebral function is key to achieving good outcomes in this population, but neurologic assessment in these patients is challenging. Continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) is a low-risk, noninvasive diagnostic tool which monitors real-time cerebral function. We aimed to investigate cEEG findings and prognostic significance of specific EEG features in a cohort of strictly defined ALF patients.
Methods:
This was a retrospective, single-center study of adult patients with ALF who underwent cEEG monitoring for at least 6 hours between 2013 and 2022. Clinical, laboratory, imaging, and treatment characteristics were evaluated. cEEG variables included background continuity and frequency, the presence of sporadic epileptiform discharges, rhythmic or periodic patterns, and electrographic or electroclinical seizures. The primary outcome was mortality or transition to end-of-life care during the index admission.
Results:
A total of 32 patients with ALF were included. 56.3% of patients had rhythmic or periodic patterns, of which the majority were generalized periodic discharges (GPDs, 37.5%). 12.5% of patients had sporadic epileptiform discharges and 6.3% of patients demonstrated seizures. Nineteen (59.4%) patients died or were transitioned to end-of-life care during the index admission. Worsening background continuity or frequency was significantly associated with poor outcome (p=0.003, p = 0.018, respectively), with a 100% mortality rate in patients demonstrating these EEG trends. An EEG background of suppression, attenuation, burst-suppression, or burst-attenuation occurring at any time during the record was also associated with poor outcome (p = 0.002). The presence of rhythmic or periodic patterns, sporadic epileptiform discharges, or seizures was not predictive of outcome.
Conclusions:
CEEG background features provide useful prognostic information in ALF patients, in conjunction with other laboratory and clinical markers of disease severity.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding Following Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) Implantation: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhao Dan , Yang Shan , Deng Lijing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have become increasingly prevalent as a life-prolonging treatment for patients with advanced heart failure. Despite continuous advancements in the field of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs), recipients still face a relatively high incidence of LVAD-related adverse events, with gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) being one of the most frequent complications. GIB is closely associated with severely impaired quality of life, frequent hospitalizations, need for blood transfusions, and potential mortality in these patients. Furthermore, many patients experience recurrent GIB events, which further exacerbates their discomfort and medical resource utilization. Although various medical and endoscopic treatment strategies exist, evidence regarding their benefits remains largely ambiguous, with all relevant studies based on data from the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) rather than clinical trials. While current research provides significant insights into the management of adverse events in LVAD recipients, there is a scarcity of effective and validated indicators and methods for predicting post-implantation GIB events. 1. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 36-year-old male patient with a history of chronic heart failure, diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy. While awaiting heart transplantation, the patient experienced worsening heart failure and underwent an emergency LVAD implantation. During the postoperative treatment period, the patient experienced recurrent episodes of GIB that could not be controlled by endoscopic interventions. Ultimately, the patient underwent surgical resection of the bleeding intestinal segment by the gastrointestinal surgery team. Following the surgery, the bleeding ceased, and the patient's bowel function recovered successfully. This case report aims to enrich the literature on GIB following LVAD implantation and its management. 2. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common complication following LVAD implantation, often requiring endoscopic hemostatic treatment. In refractory cases, surgical resection of the affected intestinal segment may be necessary. Moreover, with frequent bleeding episodes, antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies often need to be discontinued, which in turn increases the risk of life-threatening events. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing GIB in LVAD recipients, as well as the need for further research to develop effective strategies for predicting and preventing this complication.
Telomere Maintenance Patterns Exhibit Distinct Prognostic and Immune Landscapes in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Kan Daohong , Hu Taotao , Li Yi , Jia Yuming , Lei Kaijian , Li Li , Yang Chaokun , Xie Fang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is notorious for its ability to metastasize or spread to other parts of the body, rendering it one of the most perilous forms of skin cancer. This study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of telomere maintenance in CMM.
Materials & Methods
A total of 593 CMM samples were collected from TCGA and GEO datasets. CMM samples were clustered into two telomere maintenance clusters using nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were employed to investigate the biological difference between distinct TM modification patterns. The immune landscape of CMM was visualized through single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and CIBERSORT. Additionally, a risk score was identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and hub-genes were determined via multi-variate COX analysis. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences in survival were assessed using the log-rank test. Single-cell sequencing validation was conducted using the Tumor Immune Single Cell Hub on GSE123139 dataset(TISCH).
Results
Two telomere maintenance patterns were identified based on CMM samples. There were 6 hub-genes were screened by LASSO and multi-variate COX analyses and risk score was calculated based on the expression and coefficient of each hub-gene. CMM samples were classified into low- and high-risk groups. The overall survival (OS) of low-risk group was significantly higher than the high-risk group. A prognostic signature was identified based on risk score and patients’ clinical characteristics and visualized by nomogram.
Conclusions
Our study explored the potential prognostic value of telomere maintenance in CMM. We have developed a prognostic signature for CMM based on telomere maintenance related genes. telomere maintenance may aid in risk stratification and treatment strategy for patients with CMM.
Resurgence of common respiratory viruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae in children after ending the zero-COVID policy, Shanghai, China, 2023
Authors: Liu Pengcheng , Xu Menghua , Lu Lijuan , Zhu Xunhua , Jia Ran , Dong Niuniu , Su Liyun , Xu Jin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
China has adhered to policies of zero-COVID for almost three years since the outbreak of COVID-19, which have remarkably affected the circulation of respiratory pathogens. However, China has begun to end the zero-COVID policies in late 2022. Here, we reported a resurgence of common respiratory viruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae with unique epidemiological characteristics among children after ending the zero-COVID policy in Shanghai, China, 2023.
Methods
Children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infections were enrolled from January 2022 to December 2023. Nine common respiratory viruses and 2 atypical bacteria were detected in respiratory specimens from the enrolled patients using a multiplex PCR-based assay. The data were analyzed and compared between the periods before (2022) and after (2023) ending the zero-COVID policies.
Results
A total of 8550 patients were enrolled, including 6170 patients in 2023 and 2380 patients in 2022. Rhinovirus (14.2%) was the dominant pathogen in 2022, however, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (38.8%) was the dominant pathogen in 2023. Compared with 2022, the detection rates of pathogens were significantly increased in 2023 (72.9% vs. 41.8%, p < 0.001). An out-of-season epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus was observed during the spring and summer of 2023. The median age of children infected with respiratory viruses in 2023 was significantly greater than that in 2022. Besides, mixed infections were more frequent in 2023 (23.8% vs. 28.9%, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
China is now facing multiple respiratory pathogen epidemics with changing seasonality, altered age distribution, and increasing mixed infection rates among children in 2023. Our finding highlights the need for public health interventions to prepare for the respiratory pathogen outbreaks in the post-COVID-19 era.
Maximum standardised uptake value of positron emission tomography as a predictor of oesophageal cancer outcomes
Authors: Lai Hsing-Hua , Ho Wei , Lo Chien-Ming , Chuang Kai-Hao , Chen Yu , Chen Li-Chun , Lu Hung-I 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to analyse the value of pre-operative 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography that can predict tumour pathological complete response, tumour histology grade, overall survival, and recurrence-free survival in patients with locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) followed by surgery.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the cases of patients with locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing CCRT followed by surgery. Patients who did not undergo PET within 3 months of surgery were excluded. We set a pre-operative PET maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) of > 5 as the threshold and classified the patients into two groups. We analysed the tumour response and histology grade, and compared the overall survival and recurrence-free survival between the two groups.
Results
This cohort included 92 patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent CCRT followed by surgery; 49 patients had a pre-operative PET SUVmax < 5, and 43 patients had a pre-operative PET SUVmax > 5. The patients’ pre-operative PET SUVmax correlated with tumour histology, ypT stage, and tumour response. Patients with a pre-operative SUVmax < 5 had better 2-year-overall survival (78% vs. 62%, P < 0.05) and 2-year recurrence-free survival (62% vs. 34%, P < 0.05) than those with a pre-operative SUV > 5.
Conclusions
Pre-operative SUVmax may be useful to predict tumour response, survival, and recurrence in patients with locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma who undergo CCRT followed by surgery.
Non-penetrating filtration surgery versus trabeculectomy in postoperative astigmatism: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Xiangting , Ling Qiying , Duan Xuanchu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Trabeculectomy and non-penetrating trabecular surgery are common operations for glaucoma. This meta-analysis aims to compare the effect of trabeculectomy and non-penetrating trabecular surgery in postoperative astigmatism of patients with glaucoma.
Methods
We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure to identify studies that, compared between trabeculectomy and non-penetrating trabecular surgery in patients with glaucoma. The time frame for the search was from the time of construction to April 2024. There were no restrictions regarding study type or type of glaucoma. The primary endpoint was the surgically induced astigmatism assessed 6 months after operation.
Results Five
eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis and presented data for 359 eyes with various types of glaucoma at different stages. The results revealed an increase in astigmatism in patients with glaucoma after trabeculectomy and non-penetrating trabecular surgery. Trabeculectomy had a higher incidence of astigmatism than in the non-penetrating trabecular surgery group at or around 6 months postoperatively, and the difference was statistically significant. (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.19 to 0.83, P = 0.002).
Conclusion
Our results demonstrated that both trabeculectomy and non-penetrating trabecular surgery could increase astigmatism until 6 months after operation. Moreover, non-penetrating trabecular surgery group seems to have less influence on astigmatism. Studies with longer follow-up durations and larger sample sizes are necessary in the future.
Trial registration number
CRD42024517708
Clinical and radiological characteristics of odontogenic orbital cellulitis
Authors: Tumuluri Vinay , Tong Jessica Y. , Tumuluri Krishna , Selva Dinesh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the radiological features and clinical outcomes of odontogenic orbital cellulitis
Method: Multi-centre retrospective study of odontogenic orbital cellulitis. Primary outcomes assessed were causal organism(s), clinical signs, radiological findings, management and visual outcomes.
Results: Four patients with odontogenic orbital cellulitis were identified for inclusion. There was an equal proportion of men and women with a mean age of 43 years (range 25-56 years).
All patients presented with an orbital compartment syndrome, with visual acuity of counting fingers (n=1, 25%), hand movements (n=1, 25%) and no perception of light (n=2, 50%). The organisms implicated were Streptococcus milleri (n=3, 75%) and Streptococcus constellatus (n=1, 25%). MRI findings showed a subperiosteal abscess was present in all cases, which was characterised radiologically as a T1-hyperintense, T2 minimally hyperintense collection with restricted diffusion and a low apparent diffusion coefficient signal. Final visual acuity ranged from 6/6 to no light perception. One patient required an orbital exenteration due to extensive necrosis with sepsis and systemic deterioration.
Conclusions: Odontogenic orbital cellulitis carries a serious risk of vision loss with a propensity to present with an orbital compartment syndrome secondary to Streptococcus species. Outcomes were highly variable, with two cases progressing to blindness of which one required an orbital exenteration.
The tumor-maintaining function of UTX/KDM6A in DNA replication and the PARP1-dependent repair pathway
Authors: Wang Shu-Ping , Yeh Lin-Wen , Chen Je-Wei , Yeh Jia-Yun , Kao Mei-Han , Hong Hsiao-Chin , Wu Sean , Cheung Wai-Mui , Liu Ta-Yu , Aberin Marvin , Paas-Oliveros Ernesto , Escajeda Arian , Shih Edward , Tarn Woan-Yuh , Chang Yao-Ming , Wang Lan-Hsin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Histone H3K27 demethylase UTX (aka KDM6A) is mutated in many human cancers, suggesting its tumor suppressive role during cancer development. However, most tumors still express wild-type UTX/KDM6A and its function is not always linked to tumor suppression. This suggests that UTX could be a pleiotropic factor in tumorigenesis; its deficiency promotes tumor initiation, while its presence is required for tumor maintenance. Here, we present evidence of UTX/KDM6A's role in sustaining tumor growth, revealing its function in tumor maintenance. We find that UTX/KDM6A sustains tumor cell cycling and survival via regulating DNA replication-associated transcriptional programs in a demethylase-independent manner. UTX/KDM6A can also interact with PARP1 and facilitate its recruitment to DNA lesions. Therefore, UTX/KDM6A depletion disrupts DNA replication and repair pathways, activating ATM–CHK2 and ATR–CHK1 signaling pathways and triggering S and G2/M checkpoints, leading to a pronounced defect in tumor growth. Analysis of human cancer xenograft models further demonstrates that knockdown of UTX/KDM6A by RNA-interference, rather than inhibition of its enzymatic activity via GSK-J4, shows potent anticancer effects. Dual inhibition of UTX/KDM6A and ATR further demonstrates synergistic anticancer activities. Our work highlights UTX/KDM6A as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment, especially when combined with ATR inhibition.
The impact of intraoperative use of opioids on the survival of individuals undergoing surgery for Glioblastoma
Authors: Naufal Rodrigo Ferrari Fernandes , Izadora Lorenna , Reyes Capovilla Martins Gonzalez , junior Mario wolak , Pokorny Gabriel , Carvalho Georgea Carneiro , Romero Flávio Ramalho 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). It is one of the most aggressive tumors affectinghumans, hasno cure, and has an extremely inverse prognosis, with an average survival ranging from 7 to 15 months. The role of opioids, either in stopping or stimulating tumor progression, has been demonstrated. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of intraoperative opioid use on patient survival.
Methods: This retrospective study included 133 patients who underwent 167 surgical procedures for glioblastoma resection. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were as follows: patients older than 18 years, of both sexes, and those with confirmed GBM. Patients who died in the postoperative period due to causes unrelated to the underlying disease were excluded, as were those who did not have specific data on the medications used in the perioperative period in their records. The following outcomes were analyzed: age, preoperative and postoperative Karnofsky scale (KPS) scores, duration of the surgical procedure, opioid dose, overall survival, disease-free survival, sex, and race. Correlation tests were performed using the Spearman test, a T1-robust ANOVA test was used to assess variance between the opioid dosage groups, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between opioid dosage and patient survival.
Results: Analysis of the correlation between total opioid dosage and the investigated variables showed that surgical duration and age at surgery were significantly correlated with the total opioid dosage. There was no association between the total opioid dosage and the survival times of patients.
Conclusion: This study suggests that there is no relationship between intraoperative opioid dosage and overall ordisease-free survival in patients receiving glioblastoma treatment.