bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The RNAissance family: SR proteins as multifaceted regulators of gene expression
Authors: Howard Jonathan M. , Sanford Jeremy R. 
Published: August 2014

Serine and arginine‐rich (SR) proteins play multiple roles in the eukaryotic gene expression pathway. Initially described as constitutive and alternative splicing factors, now it is clear that SR proteins are key determinants of exon identity and function as molecular adaptors, linking the pre‐messenger RNA (pre‐mRNA) to the splicing machinery. In addition, now SR proteins are implicated in many aspects of mRNA and noncoding RNA (ncRNA) processing well beyond splicing. These unexpected roles, including RNA transcription, export, translation, and decay, may prove to be the rule rather than the exception. To simply define, this family of RNA‐binding proteins as splicing factors belies the broader roles of SR proteins in post‐transcriptional gene expression. WIREs RNA 2015, 6:93–110. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1260This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Recognition
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
Food Additives Reducing Volatility of Antioxidants at Frying Temperature
Authors: Hwang Hong‐Sik , Winkler‐Moser Jill K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAt frying temperature, antioxidants are lost not only by reaction with radicals formed by oil oxidation but also by decomposition and evaporation before they are able to exert antioxidant activity. In this study, it was hypothesized that an additive that can bind or interact with an antioxidant could reduce volatility of the antioxidant at frying temperature. Three synthetic antioxidants, tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), which have relatively high volatility, were used as antioxidants in this study to examine the hypothesis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments showed that all 22 additives tested in this study effectively reduced volatility of the antioxidants. An NMR study showed that signals of BHT shifted by addition of an additive, evidencing the interaction between the two substances in the chloroform solution. To examine the effect of these interactions on antioxidant activity, heating tests were conducted with soybean oil (SBO) containing 200 ppm antioxidants at 180 °C. Oxidation was monitored with 1H NMR for loss of olefinic protons and bisallylic protons in SBO and with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for polymerized triacylglycerols (PTAG). Improved antioxidant activity of the antioxidants were observed when combined with several additives tested in this study, and HPLC analysis showed that the antioxidants were effectively reserved by the additives in SBO during the heating process. The concentrations of the antioxidants retained in SBO were relatively well correlated with the antioxidant activity.
Greek adolescents' intimate relations before their transition to adulthood
Authors: Pnevmatikos Dimitris , Bardos Achilles N. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe study examined whether the characteristics of the other partner in a dyad could reveal some unique intimate relationships regardless of the commonalties in the intimate relationships adolescents and emerging adults endorse with four important partners (mother, father, female and male peers). Six hundred and thirteen (56.8% female) Greek adolescents and emerging adults participated in the study. Participants endorsed their agreement to nine items addressing issues of intimacy and companionship. The intimate relationships with the four important partners share some common characteristics reflecting the person who endorses the intimate relationships and are also reciprocal, depending on who is the other partner in the dyad. The intimacy participants endorsed with their parents contributed to the intimate relationship with their peers of the same sex with the parent. The way Greek youth is gendered could explain the characteristics of the intimate relationships they endorse with the other partners in the dyads.
Effect of Ski Mountaineering Track on Foot Sole Loading Pattern
Authors: Haselbacher Matthias , Mader Katharina , Werner Maximiliane , Nogler Michael 
Published: August 2014

Objective Ski mountaineering is becoming a popular sport. The ascending techniques (tracks) can be divided into 3 different groups: flat field, direct ascent, and traversing. This study examines the relationship between different mechanical loads on the foot and the 4 different mountaineering ascending techniques. Methods All subjects used the same pair of ski boots and the same skis while performing the 4 different ascending techniques. An in-shoe dynamic pressure measuring system was used to measure the mechanical load on the foot soles of each ski mountaineer. The foot sole was divided into 6 anatomic sections to measure the different loads in each section. Results Thirteen men with an average age of 29 years were enrolled in the study. The results showed small, not significant differences in the mechanical foot load in the flat field or in the direct ascent. The average mechanical foot load was highest on the valley side foot while traversing (179 kPa to 117 kPa). The higher load forces were in the medial ball of the foot and the longitudinal aspect of the foot side closer to the hill. Conclusions The higher impact placed on the valley side foot and the concentration of force placed on the medial ball of the valley side foot suggested the influence of the track on the load pattern of the foot sole. This higher impact may result in upward forces that affect the force distribution in the ankle and knee joints.
Wake transition in the flow around a circular cylinder with a splitter plate
Authors: Serson Douglas , Meneghini Julio R. , Carmo Bruno S. , Volpe Ernani V. , Gioria Rafael S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA simple way to decrease the drag and oscillating lift forces in the flow around a circular cylinder consists of positioning a splitter plate in the wake, parallel to the flow. In this paper, the effect of the splitter plate on the wake dynamics, more specifically on the wake transition, is described in detail. First, two-dimensional and three-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS) using the spectral element method were used to observe the behaviour of the wake in the presence of the splitter plate. Then, a linear stability analysis based on the Floquet theory was performed in order to obtain information on how the splitter plate changes the instabilities that lead to wake transition. Simulations were carried out for several gaps between the splitter plate and the cylinder, with the Reynolds number varying in the range between 100 and 350, which corresponds to the wake transition in the flow around a circular cylinder. The results of the simulations showed a discontinuity in the Strouhal number curve that is consistent with the results available in the literature. The stability analysis showed how the splitter plate modifies the transition of the flow to a three-dimensional configuration. The splitter plate has a stabilizing effect on the flow for small gaps, delaying the appearance of three-dimensional structures to higher Reynolds numbers. Mode A and a quasi-periodic (QP) mode are observed for such small gaps. As the gap is increased the discontinuity in the Strouhal number curve also caused a clear change in the characteristics of the neutral stability curve, and the existence of an unstable period-doubling mode was observed. The onset characteristics of the unstable modes are analysed and discussed in depth.
Evolution of localized disturbances in the elliptic instability
Authors: Hattori Yuji , bin Marzuki Mohd Syafiq 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe time evolution of localized disturbances in an elliptical flow confined in an elliptical cylinder is studied by direct numerical simulation (DNS). The base flow is subject to the elliptic instability. The unstable growth of localized disturbances predicted by the short-wavelength stability analysis is captured. The time evolution can be divided into four stages: linear, weakly nonlinear, nonlinear and turbulent. In the linear stage a single wavepacket grows exponentially without changing its shape. The exponential growth is accompanied by large oscillations which have time period half that of the fluid particles in the elliptical flow. An averaged wavepacket, which is a train of bending waves that has a finite spatial extent, also grows exponentially, while the oscillations of the growth rate are small. The averaged growth rate increases as the kinematic viscosity decreases; the inviscid limit is close to the value predicted by the short-wavelength stability analysis. In the weakly nonlinear stage the energy stops growing. The vortical structure of the initial disturbances is deformed into wavy patterns. The energy spectrum loses the peak at the initial wavenumber, developing a broad spectrum, and the flow goes into the next stage. In the nonlinear stage weak vorticity is scattered in the whole domain although strong vorticity is still localized. The probability density functions (p.d.f.) of a velocity component and its longitudinal derivative are similar to those of isotropic turbulence; however, the energy spectrum does not have an inertial range showing the Kolmogorov spectrum. Finally in the turbulent stage fine-scale structures appear in the vorticity field. The p.d.f. of the longitudinal derivative of velocity shows the strong intermittency known for isotropic turbulence. The energy spectrum attains an inertial range showing the Kolmogorov spectrum. The turbulence is not symmetric because of rotation and strain; the component of vorticity in the compressing direction is smaller than the other two components. The energy of the mean flow as well as the total energy decreases. The ratio of the lost energy to the initial energy of the mean flow is large in the core region.
ON HOMOLOGICAL FROBENIUS COMPLEXES AND BIMODULES
Authors: GARCÍA ROZAS J. R. , OYONARTE LUIS , TORRECILLAS BLAS 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe introduce the concept of homological Frobenius functors as the natural generalization of Frobenius functors in the setting of triangulated categories, and study their structure in the particular case of the derived categories of those of complexes and modules over a unital associative ring. Tilting complexes (modules) are examples of homological Frobenius complexes (modules). Homological Frobenius functors retain some of the nice properties of Frobenius ones as the ascent theorem for Gorenstein categories. It is shown that homological Frobenius ring homomorphisms are always Frobenius.
LOCAL SUPREMA OF DIRICHLET POLYNOMIALS AND ZEROFREE REGIONS OF THE RIEMANN ZETA-FUNCTION
Authors: WEBER MICHEL J. G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA new family of zerofree region of the Riemann Zeta-function ζ is identified by using Turán's (P. Turán, Eine neue Methode inter Analysis und deren Anwendungen (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary, 1953); Analytic number theory, Proc. Symp. Pure Math., vol. XXIV (Amer. Math. Soc. Providence, RI, 1972)) localization criterion linking zeros of ζ with uniform local suprema of sets of Dirichlet polynomials expanded over the primes. The proof is based on a randomization argument. An estimate for local extrema for some finite families of shifted Dirichlet polynomials is established by preliminary considering their local increment properties by means of Montgomery-Vaughan's variant of Hilbert's inequality. A covering argument combined with Turán's localization criterion allows to conclude.
GORENSTEIN AND Sr PATH IDEALS OF CYCLES
Authors: KIANI DARIUSH , SAEEDI MADANI SARA , TERAI NAOKI 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLet R = k[x1,…,xn], where k is a field. The path ideal (of length t ≥ 2) of a directed graph G is the monomial ideal, denoted by It(G), whose generators correspond to the directed paths of length t in G. Let Cn be an n-cycle. We show that R/It(Cn) is Sr if and only if it is Cohen-Macaulay or $\lceil \frac{n}{n-t-1}\rceil\geq r+3$. In addition, we prove that R/It(Cn) is Gorenstein if and only if n = t or 2t + 1. Also, we determine all ordinary and symbolic powers of It(Cn) which are Cohen-Macaulay. Finally, we prove that It(Cn) has a linear resolution if and only if t ≥ n − 2.
ON THE p-ADIC BINOMIAL SERIES AND A FORMAL ANALOGUE OF HILBERT'S THEOREM 90 – ADDENDUM
Authors: TZERMIAS PAVLOS 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe proof of Theorem 3.2 in [1] (P. Tzermias, On the p-adic binomial series and a formal analogue of Hilbert's Theorem 90, Glasgow Math. J.47 (2005), 319–326) contains two opaque claims. The necessary clarifications are provided here.
BIHARMONIC CURVES INTO QUADRICS
Authors: MONTALDO S. , RATTO A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe develop an essentially algebraic method to study biharmonic curves into an implicit surface. Although our method is rather general, it is especially suitable to study curves in surfaces defined by a polynomial equation: In particular, we use it to give a complete classification of biharmonic curves in real quadrics of the three-dimensional Euclidean space.
MIXED QUASI-ÉTALE QUOTIENTS WITH ARBITRARY SINGULARITIES
Authors: FRAPPORTI DAVIDE , PIGNATELLI ROBERTO 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA mixed quasi-étale quotient is the quotient of the product of a curve of genus at least 2 with itself by the action of a group which exchanges the two factors and acts freely outside a finite subset. A mixed quasi-étale surface is the minimal resolution of its singularities. We produce an algorithm computing all mixed quasi-étale surfaces with given geometric genus, irregularity and self-intersection of the canonical class. We prove that all irregular mixed quasi-étale surfaces of general type are minimal. As an application, we classify all irregular mixed quasi-étale surfaces of general type with genus equal to the irregularity, and all the regular ones with K2 > 0, thus constructing new examples of surfaces of general type with χ = 1. We mention the first example of a minimal surface of general type with pg = q = 1 and Albanese fibre of genus bigger than K2.
A BOUND ON THE p-LENGTH OF P-SOLVABLE GROUPS
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-SÁNCHEZ JON , SPAGNUOLO FRANCESCA 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLet G be a finite p-solvable group and P a Sylow p-subgroup of G. Suppose that $\gamma_{\ell (p-1)}(P)\subseteq \gamma_r(P)^{p^s}$ for ℓ(p−1) < r + s(p − 1), then the p-length is bounded by a function depending on ℓ.
COMPUTING WITH SUBGROUPS OF THE MODULAR GROUP
Authors: KIRSCHMER MARKUS , LEEDHAM-GREEN CHARLES 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe give several algorithms for finitely generated subgroups of the modular group PSL2(ℤ) given by sets of generators. First, we present an algorithm to check whether a finitely generated subgroup H has finite index in the full modular group. Then we discuss how to parametrise the right cosets of H in PSL2(ℤ), whether the index is finite or not. Further, we explain how an element in H can be written as a word in a given set of generators of H.
EXPLORING TWO COST-ADJUSTMENT METHODS FOR SELECTION BIAS IN A SMALL SAMPLE: USING A FETAL CARDIOLOGY DATASET
Authors: Mistry Hema 
Published: August 2014

Objectives: In economic evaluations of healthcare technologies, situations arise where data are not randomized and numbers are small. For this reason, obtaining reliable cost estimates of such interventions may be difficult. This study explores two approaches in obtaining cost estimates for pregnant women screened for a fetal cardiac anomaly.Methods: Two methods to reduce selection bias in health care: regression analyses and propensity scoring methods were applied to the total mean costs of pregnancy for women who received specialist cardiac advice by means of two referral modes: telemedicine and direct referral.Results: The observed total mean costs of pregnancy were higher for the telemedicine group than the direct referral group (4,918 versus 4,311 GBP). The regression model found that referral mode was not a significant predictor of costs and the cost difference between the two groups was reduced from 607 to 94 GBP. After applying the various propensity score methods, the groups were balanced in terms of sizes and compositions; and again the cost differences between the two groups were smaller ranging from -62 (matching “by hand”) to 333 GBP (kernel matching).Conclusions: Regression analyses and propensity scoring methods applied to the dataset may have increased the homogeneity and reduced the variance in the adjusted costs; that is, these methods have allowed the observed selection bias to be reduced. I believe that propensity scoring methods worked better for this dataset, because after matching the two groups were similar in terms of background characteristics and the adjusted cost differences were smaller.
An assessment of threats to Anatidae in Iran
Authors: NOURANI ELHAM , KABOLI MOHAMMAD , COLLEN BEN 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe network of wetland systems in Iran provides valuable staging and wintering areas for waterbirds in the African-Western Eurasian flyways. The West Siberian/Caspian/Nile populations of Anatidae (ducks, geese and swans) regularly overwinter and stop over in Iran, and are considered an economically and culturally important group of birds in the country. Conservation of such migratory birds requires the identification of key threat factors impacting them throughout the flyway. Since documented data on the status and threats facing Anatidae in Iran are very scarce, in this paper, we attempted to determine the general population trends for the 26 Anatidae species in Iran, using annual waterbird census data, and to identify and score the most important threat factors affecting each species, by consulting the top ornithologists and professional birdwatchers in the country by means of a survey. Our results indicate that the most prevalent threats affecting all 26 species are dam construction, water management practices, and hunting. Our results provide the necessary material for Red List assessment of these species at the national level, an important tool for conservation priority setting within Iran and in the flyway.
The Vukovar Hospital case from the perspective of a national investigative judge
Authors: Alimpić Miroslav 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAmong the increasingly frequent acts of non-compliance with, and grievous violations of, international humanitarian law around the world, especially in non-international armed conflicts, attacks on objects and persons enjoying special protection, and their abuse, as well as the misuse of the distinctive emblems of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, come as no surprise. Although a repressive approach to the problem – through the prosecution and punishment of perpetrators – cannot completely prevent such occurrences, an effective and appropriate judicial stigmatisation can significantly contribute to making them as rare as possible. In this regard, the court proceedings held before the War Crimes Chamber in Belgrade and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague in connection with the events in and around the Vukovar Hospital and Ovčara farm have provided an appropriate judicial response. This is notwithstanding the fact that, at least for now, not all perpetrators have been prosecuted for their acts (or failure to act) at the time of the commission of these grave crimes.
Functionally relevant diversity of closely related Nitrospira in activated sludge
Authors: Gruber-Dorninger Christiane , Pester Michael , Kitzinger Katharina , Savio Domenico F , Loy Alexander , Rattei Thomas , Wagner Michael , Daims Holger 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Nitrospira are chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria that catalyze the second step of nitrification in most oxic habitats and are important for excess nitrogen removal from sewage in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). To date, little is known about their diversity and ecological niche partitioning within complex communities. In this study, the fine-scale community structure and function of Nitrospira was analyzed in two full-scale WWTPs as model ecosystems. In Nitrospira-specific 16S rRNA clone libraries retrieved from each plant, closely related phylogenetic clusters (16S rRNA identities between clusters ranged from 95.8% to 99.6%) within Nitrospira lineages I and II were found. Newly designed probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allowed the specific detection of several of these clusters, whose coexistence in the WWTPs was shown for prolonged periods of several years. In situ ecophysiological analyses based on FISH, relative abundance and spatial arrangement quantification, as well as microautoradiography revealed functional differences of these Nitrospira clusters regarding the preferred nitrite concentration, the utilization of formate as substrate and the spatial coaggregation with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria as symbiotic partners. Amplicon pyrosequencing of the nxrB gene, which encodes subunit beta of nitrite oxidoreductase of Nitrospira, revealed in one of the WWTPs as many as 121 species-level nxrB operational taxonomic units with highly uneven relative abundances in the amplicon library. These results show a previously unrecognized high diversity of Nitrospira in engineered systems, which is at least partially linked to niche differentiation and may have important implications for process stability.
Superabsorption of light via quantum engineering
Authors: Higgins K. D. B. , Benjamin S. C. , Stace T. M. , Milburn G. J. , Lovett B. W. , Gauger E. M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAlmost 60 years ago Dicke introduced the term superradiance to describe a signature quantum effect: N atoms can collectively emit light at a rate proportional to N2. Structures that superradiate must also have enhanced absorption, but the former always dominates in natural systems. Here we show that this restriction can be overcome by combining several well-established quantum control techniques. Our analytical and numerical calculations show that superabsorption can then be achieved and sustained in certain simple nanostructures, by trapping the system in a highly excited state through transition rate engineering. This opens the prospect of a new class of quantum nanotechnology with potential applications including photon detection and light-based power transmission. An array of quantum dots or a molecular ring structure could provide a suitable platform for an experimental demonstration.