bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity on low-grade canine meningioma with the use of somatostatin analog (octreotide): An in vitro study
Authors: Mandara Maria Teresa , Tognoloni Alessia , Giglia Giuseppe , Baroni Massimo , Falzone Cristian , Calò Pietro , Chiaradia Elisabetta 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Meningioma is the most common tumor of the central nervous system of dogs. For this tumor, surgery remains the treatment of choice, either alone or in combination with radiotherapy. Unfortunately, chemotherapeutic strategies are practically absent in dogs and palliative therapies are the only option to surgery. Somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) is expressed in canine meningioma. Since the potent cell-proliferation inhibiting effect of somatostatin (SST), the aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the effects of octreotide, as SST analog, in the viability of canine meningioma.

Methods
Four surgical canine meningiomas were used in this study to establish cell cultures. Expression of SSTR2 was verified with immunolabelling in FFPE samples and cell cultures. The effects of octreotide on cell viability were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). After 24 hours they were exposed to different concentrations of octreotide (0.1 nM, 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM) for 24 and 48 hours.

Results
All meningiomas consisted of grade I tumors. The cultured neoplastic cells expressed SSTR2 from 80% to 100%. Octreotide significantly increased cell death after 48 hours of continuous exposure, with 10 and 100 nM octreotide doses. The percentage of cell viability was 80.92 ± 4.9 and 80.49 ± 3.61, compared to the control, respectively, consistent with decreased cell viability of about 20% for both doses.

Conclusions
Octreotide reduced the alive neoplastic cultured cells of low-grade canine meningioma in a dose-dependent pattern with continuous exposition for 48 hours. These results support an alternative systemic treatment of meningioma with octreotide in the dog.
The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy on Maternal, Neonatal, and Infant Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Wen-Chien , Chitale Ramaa , O’Callaghan Karen M , Sudfeld Christopher R , Smith Emily R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Context
Previous research linked vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy to adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective
Update a 2017 systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy, identify sources of heterogeneity between trials, and describe evidence gaps precluding a clinical recommendation.

Data Sources
The MEDLINE, PubMed, Europe PMC, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched. Articles were included that reported on RCTs that included pregnant women given vitamin D supplements as compared with placebo, no intervention, or active control (≤600 IU d–1). Risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences were pooled for 38 maternal, birth, and infant outcomes, using random effects models. Subgroup analyses examined effect heterogeneity. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used.

Data Extraction
Included articles reported on a total of 66 trials (n = 17 276 participants).

Data Analysis
The median vitamin D supplementation dose was 2000 IU d–1 (range: 400-60 000); 37 trials used placebo. Antenatal vitamin D supplementation had no effect on the risk of preeclampsia (RR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.43-1.53]; n = 6 trials and 1483 participants), potentially protected against gestational diabetes mellitus (RR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.49-0.86; n = 12 trials and 1992 participants), and increased infant birth weight by 53 g (95% CI, 16-90; n = 40 trials and 9954 participants). No effect of vitamin D on the risk of preterm birth, small-for-gestational age, or low birth weight infants was found. A total of 25 trials had at least 1 domain at high risk of bias.

Conclusion
Additional studies among the general pregnant population are not needed, given the many existing trials. Instead, high-quality RCTs among populations with low vitamin D status or at greater risk of key outcomes are needed. Benefits of supplementation in pregnancy remain uncertain because current evidence has high heterogeneity, including variation in study context, baseline and achieved end-line 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, and studies with high risk of bias.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022350057.
Folate Biomarkers, Folate Intake, and Risk of Death From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Fallah Melika , Karim Dehnavi Maryam , Lotfi Keyhan , Aminianfar Azadeh , Azadbakht Leila , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Context
Existing evidence on the relation between folate intake and biomarkers with mortality risk is controversial.

Objective
Previous cohort studies were examined regarding folate intake and biomarkers in relation to risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease– (CVD), and cancer-related mortality through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources
A systematic search was performed of the PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases up to July 2023.

Data Extraction
Prospective cohort studies examining the association of folate biomarkers (in serum, plasma, red blood cells) and intake with risk of all-cause, CVD-, and cancer-related mortality were considered. A random-effects model was applied to combine study-specific risk estimates. Dose-response relations were assessed by 1-stage weighted mixed-effects meta-analysis.

Data Analysis
A total of 25 cohorts with 423 304 participants, 36 558 all-cause, 12 662 CVD-, and 2426 cancer-related deaths were included. No significant association was observed between the highest levels of folate biomarkers and all-cause mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.77-1.06; n = 17; I2 = 89.4%; P &lt; .001), CVD-related mortality risk (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.87-1.06; n = 11; I2 = 0.0%; P = .57), and cancer-related mortality risk (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.69-1.05; n = 6; I2 = 57.8%; P = .04) compared with the lowest. Furthermore, each 10 nmol/L increase was marginally related to a 12% reduced all-cause mortality risk but not to CVD- and cancer-related mortality risk. A significant inverse association was found between highest intake of dietary folate and the lowest, and risk of all-cause (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.96; n = 3; I2 = 63.6%; P = .06) and CVD (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.57-0.93; n = 4; I2 = 80.2%; P = .002) mortality.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis revealed a significant inverse relation between dietary folate intake and risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. Such an association was not found in the case of folate biomarkers. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023401700.
Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Efficacy and Safety Outcomes in People With HIV-1 With or Without Historical Resistance Results at Screening: 48-Week Pooled Analysis
Authors: Scholten Stefan , Cahn Pedro , Portilla Joaquín , Bisshop Fiona , Hodder Sally , Ruane Peter , Kaplan Richard , Wynne Brian R , Man Choy Y , Grove Richard , Wang Ruolan , Jones Bryn , Ait-Khaled Mounir , Kisare Michelle , Okoli Chinyere 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Drug resistance testing aids in appropriate antiretroviral therapy selection to improve treatment success but may not be readily available. We evaluated the impact of switching to dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) using pooled data from the TANGO and SALSA trials in adults who were virologically suppressed with or without historical resistance results at screening.

Methods
Adults who were virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA &lt;50 copies/mL for &gt;6 months) with no prior virologic failure were randomized to switch to DTG/3TC (TANGO, n = 369; SALSA, n = 246) or continue their current antiretroviral regimen (CAR; TANGO, n = 372; SALSA, n = 247). Week 48 HIV-1 RNA ≥50 and &lt;50 copies/mL (Snapshot algorithm, Food and Drug Administration; intention-to-treat exposed), CD4+ cell count, and safety were analyzed by availability of historical resistance results.

Results
Overall, 294 of 615 (48%) participants in the DTG/3TC group and 277 of 619 (45%) participants in the CAR group had no historical resistance results at screening. At week 48, proportions with Snapshot HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL were low (≤1.1%) and similar across treatment groups and by historical resistance results availability. High proportions (91%–95%) maintained virologic suppression through week 48, regardless of results availability. Across both subgroups of results availability, greater increases in CD4+ cell count from baseline to week 48 occurred with DTG/3TC vs CAR. No participants taking DTG/3TC had confirmed virologic withdrawal, regardless of historical resistance results availability. One participant undergoing CAR without historical resistance results had confirmed virologic withdrawal; no resistance was detected. Overall, DTG/3TC was well tolerated; few adverse events led to withdrawal.

Conclusions
Findings support DTG/3TC as a robust switch option for adults who are virologically suppressed with HIV-1 and no prior virologic failure, regardless of historical resistance results availability.

Clinical trial registration
TANGO: NCT03446573, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03446573. SALSA: NCT04021290, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04021290
The Impact of the Fungal Priority Pathogens List on Medical Mycology: A Northern European Perspective
Authors: Arendrup Maiken Cavling , Armstrong-James Darius , Borman Andrew M , Denning David W , Fisher Matthew C , Gorton Rebecca , Maertens Johan , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Mehra Varun , Mercier Toine , Price Jessica , Rautemaa-Richardson Riina , Wake Rachel , Andrews Natalie , White P Lewis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fungal diseases represent a considerable global health concern, affecting &gt;1 billion people annually. In response to this growing challenge, the World Health Organization introduced the pivotal fungal priority pathogens list (FPPL) in late 2022. The FPPL highlights the challenges in estimating the global burden of fungal diseases and antifungal resistance (AFR), as well as limited surveillance capabilities and lack of routine AFR testing. Furthermore, training programs should incorporate sufficient information on fungal diseases, necessitating global advocacy to educate health care professionals and scientists. Established international guidelines and the FPPL are vital in strengthening local guidance on tackling fungal diseases. Future iterations of the FPPL have the potential to refine the list further, addressing its limitations and advancing our collective ability to combat fungal diseases effectively. Napp Pharmaceuticals Limited (Mundipharma UK) organized a workshop with key experts from Northern Europe to discuss the impact of the FPPL on regional clinical practice.
Rat hepatitis E virus cross-species infection and transmission in pigs
Authors: Yadav Kush Kumar , Boley Patricia A , Lee Carolyn M , Khatiwada Saroj , Jung Kwonil , Laocharoensuk Thamonpan , Hofstetter Jake , Wood Ronna , Hanson Juliette , Kenney Scott P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Strains of Rocahepevirus ratti, an emerging hepatitis E virus (HEV), have recently been found to be infectious to humans. Rats are a primary reservoir of the virus; thus, it is referred to as “rat HEV”. Rats are often found on swine farms in close contact with pigs. Our goal was to determine whether swine may serve as a transmission host for zoonotic rat HEV by characterizing an infectious cDNA clone of a zoonotic rat HEV, strain LCK-3110, in vitro and in vivo. RNA transcripts of LCK-3110 were constructed and assessed for their replicative capacity in cell culture and in gnotobiotic pigs. Fecal suspension from rat HEV-positive gnotobiotic pigs was inoculated into conventional pigs co-housed with naïve pigs. Our results demonstrated that capped RNA transcripts of LCK-3110 rat HEV replicated in vitro and successfully infected conventional pigs that transmit the virus to co-housed animals. The infectious clone of rat HEV may afford an opportunity to study the genetic mechanisms of rat HEV cross-species infection and tissue tropism.
Hunting the Royal Navy’s Medical ‘Snark’: Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Neurosis in British Sailors, 1943–1945
Authors: Houghton Frances 
Published: July 2024

Summary
Between 1943 and 1945, Britain’s Royal Naval Medical Service dispatched urgent missions to investigate physiological and psychological effects suffered by British sailors who were deployed in tropical climates. This article draws on the resulting, previously neglected, medical articles and medical research reports to examine understandings of ‘tropical neurosis’ in the wartime Fleet. Exploring how tropical neurosis was encountered, framed and explained by senior naval medical professionals, this article investigates the condition’s portrayal as a serious health and military risk during the Second World War. This research analyses hitherto unexplored intersections of constructions of race, gender and environment in British naval medical conclusions and recommendations, delivering significant new understandings of the insidious operation of medical racism in Britain’s wartime armed forces. It also establishes, for the first time, how this ambiguous illness was construed as a threat to Britain’s naval war effort, and even the very future of Empire, by the Navy’s medical branch.
Germany: Foundation law in Germany after its fundamental reform
Authors: Richter Andreas , Gollan Anna Katharina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Very recently, foundation law in Germany has been extensively reformed. This article sheds light on some of the fundamental changes brought about by the reform. It takes a practitioner’s perspective and thus elucidates the key aspects to bear in mind when dealing with a German foundation (Stiftung)—whether as a third party, a (contractual) debtor or creditor or even as a beneficiary or potential founder.
Jersey: The virtues of strong (Jersey) foundations
Authors: Scott Claire , Burnell Will 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Jersey foundations were introduced into law through the Foundations (Jersey) Law 2009. Although there are numerous variations of ‘foundations’ in jurisdictions across the world, a Jersey foundation, as a hybrid between a company and a trust, is unique to Jersey law, though it does have some strong similarities to a Guernsey foundation. This article reviews the key features of a Jersey foundation as a wealth planning vehicle, details the most common uses (as seen by the authors) and how case law has shaped Jersey foundations, and considers alternative structures available.
‘But there’s no history here!’: children, heritage education, and the BBC Broadcasts for Schools, 1924–45
Authors: Grenby M O , Gribling Barbara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The BBC offered broadcasts for schools almost from its inception; a significant strand of this programming focussed on teaching children about the material remains of the past in their own localities. Employing an impressive roster of historians, writers, and educationalists, the BBC experimented with innovative formats to engage children with what we would now call ‘heritage’. In Scotland first, then England and Wales, programmes aimed to construct national identities on the basis of children’s aural encounters with specific historical sites and artefacts. Young listeners were encouraged to become ‘heritage makers’ themselves, investigating their historical environments, collecting local stories, archiving objects, writing guidebooks. While at first, these programmes seem largely concerned with the preservation of historic sites from the encroachment of modernity, gradually the localized remains of the past were used more explicitly as a means of moulding citizenship in the nation’s youth. The Second World War gave this nation-building programming a new urgency, while post-War broadcasts challenged children to use their historical environments as a basis for building better places for the future. Analysing broadcasts from the 1920s to the 1940s, this article shows how this local history, ‘Rural Environment’ and ‘Regional Survey’ school’s programming constitutes an overlooked chapter in the history of the BBC’s attempts to reach and influence new audiences. It argues that these broadcasts pioneered new ways of deploying place-based history to fashion future citizens, anticipating the educative function that has now become an expected part of the heritage provision.
A new Antarctic species of Orchomenella G.O. Sars, 1890 (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Tryphosidae): is phase-contrast micro-tomography a mature technique for digital holotypes?
Authors: Giulianini Piero G , De Broyer Claude , Hendrycks Ed A , Greco Samuele , D’Agostino Elisa , Donato Sandro , Giglio Anita , Gerdol Marco , Pallavicini Alberto , Manfrin Chiara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to describe a new species of Antarctic amphipod of the genus Orchomenella Sars, 1890, Orchomenella rinamontiae sp. nov., and to investigate whether high-resolution images of the surface anatomy obtained ‘in situ’ with synchrotron radiation X-ray phase-contrast micro-tomography (SR-PhC micro-CT) can replace classical approaches to describe a new species. The phylogenetic analyses based on the gene COI support the morphologically based taxonomic assignment. The SR-PhC micro-CT was useful for viewing the three-dimensional reconstructions, with the great advantages that the specimen could be rotated around all axes and that it was possible digitally to remove sections of the image that might have obscured areas of the amphipod on which we were focusing. However, it is not yet a completely reliable technique to describe a new species fully. Classical descriptions using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy are still necessary. Nevertheless, SR-PhC micro-CT is a promising technique that has the potential to revolutionize the way we study biological samples, accelerating the study of biodiversity.
Paths of Least Resistance: Unconventional Effector Secretion by Fungal and Oomycete Plant Pathogens
Authors: Dulal Nawaraj , Wilson Richard A. 
Published: July 2024

Effector secretion by different routes mediates the molecular interplay between host plant and pathogen, but mechanistic details in eukaryotes are sparse. This may limit the discovery of new effectors that could be utilized for improving host plant disease resistance. In fungi and oomycetes, apoplastic effectors are secreted via the conventional endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi pathway, while cytoplasmic effectors are packaged into vesicles that bypass Golgi in an unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathway. In Magnaporthe oryzae, the Golgi bypass UPS pathway incorporates components of the exocyst complex and a t-SNARE, presumably to fuse Golgi bypass vesicles to the fungal plasma membrane. Upstream, cytoplasmic effector mRNA translation in M. oryzae requires the efficient decoding of AA-ending codons. This involves the modification of wobble uridines in the anticodon loop of cognate tRNAs and fine-tunes cytoplasmic effector translation and secretion rates to maintain biotrophic interfacial complex integrity and permit host infection. Thus, plant-fungal interface integrity is intimately tied to effector codon usage, which is a surprising constraint on pathogenicity. Here, we discuss these findings within the context of fungal and oomycete effector discovery, delivery, and function in host cells. We show how cracking the codon code for unconventional cytoplasmic effector secretion in M. oryzae has revealed AA-ending codon usage bias in cytoplasmic effector mRNAs across kingdoms, including within the RxLR-dEER motif-encoding sequence of a bona fide Phytophthora infestans cytoplasmic effector, suggesting its subjection to translational speed control. By focusing on recent developments in understanding unconventional effector secretion, we draw attention to this important but understudied area of host-pathogen interactions. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Optimizing Femoral Tunnel Placement in ACL Reconstruction: Effect of a 70-degree Arthroscope and Portal Position
Authors: Khan Tanvir , Al-Ali Sami , Alvand Abtin , Jackson William F. , Hasan Yusuf O. , Beard David J. , Gill Harinderjit S. , Price Andrew J. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of femoral tunnel placement for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using either an accessory medial portal or a 70-degree arthroscope compared with the standard 2-portal technique.

Methods:
A computerized 3D model of the femur was obtained with 4 reference points marked around the LFC. Using the simulator, 2 surgeons marked 5 consecutive femoral tunnel points with a 30-degree arthroscope in the lateral portal (30AL), then with a 30-degree arthroscope in an accessory medial portal (30AM), and next with a 70-degree arthroscope in the lateral portal (70AL). This was repeated after one week. Subjects then marked their target femoral tunnel positions (T) on the free femur sawbone model. After each episode, the distances from the marked tunnel point to the 4 reference points (d1, d2, d3, d4) were measured. After mapping to the 3D femur model, the co-ordinates of each marked tunnel position were determined. The distance (r) from T was calculated for each episode.

Results:
The median value of r was 1.27 mm(SE 0.15 mm) using 30AL, 0.54 mm (SE 0.12 mm) using the 30AM portal, and 0.20 mm (SE 0.047 mm) with 70AL. r was significantly smaller with 70AL (P<0.0001). The difference in r between 30AM and 30AL was also statistically significant (P=0.019).

Conclusions:
A 70-degree arthroscope in the lateral portal allows greater accuracy in femoral tunnel placement compared with a 30-degree arthroscope in either the lateral or an accessory medial portal.
The Ray Method: Aesthetic and Simple Technique for Prosthesis Coverage in Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Seo Min-Gi , Chung Kyu-Jin , Lee Jun-Ho 
Published: July 2024

Summary:
In prepectoral breast reconstruction, the acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is commonly used to envelop breast implants. Various wrapping methods have been proposed. We present a simple but aesthetic method (ie, the ray method) for wrapping in prepectoral breast reconstruction. Without any complicated design, we folded the four corners of one large ADM and sewed them together to completely envelop the implant. Then, the 6 o’clock corner of the ADM envelope was folded up and sutured to make a pentagonal shape. The other corners of the ADM envelope were quilted to determine the position and movement of the internal implant. Additional sutures were placed on the ADM envelope to separate the implant from the host tissue. The folded 6 o’clock corner was cut to a convex contour and had a diagonal gap to prevent the collection of fluid in the ADM envelope. Finally, the wrapped implant was inserted in the postmastectomy space, and the ADM envelope was spread widely to support soft tissue effectively. This simple design is straightforward for inexperienced surgeons and reduces operation time. The position and movement of the breast implant in the ADM envelope can be easily controlled by using quilted sutures. Subclavian depression and step-off deformities can be minimized by this wide-stretched ADM. By total coverage with a large ADM, the breast implant is separated from the surrounding tissue, and foreign body reactions are reduced. This method is reliable for maximizing the aesthetic advantages of prepectoral direct-to-implant breast reconstruction.