bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial Risk of Sjögren's Syndrome and Co‐aggregation of Autoimmune Diseases in Affected Families: A Nationwide Population Study
Authors: Kuo Chang‐Fu , Grainge Matthew J. , Valdes Ana M. , See Lai‐Chu , Luo Shue‐Fen , Yu Kuang‐Hui , Zhang Weiya , Doherty Michael 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate familial aggregation of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and the relative risks (RRs) of other autoimmune disease in relatives of patients with SS.MethodsWe identified 23,658,577 beneficiaries enrolled in the Taiwan National Health Insurance system in 2010, of whom 12,754 had SS. We identified 21,009,551 parent–child relationships and 17,168,340 pairs of full siblings. The familial risks of SS and other autoimmune diseases, tetrachoric correlation, and familial transmission were estimated.ResultsWe identified 105 patients with SS who had an affected first‐degree relative. The RR of SS was 18.99 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.76–36.93) in siblings of patients with SS, 11.31 (95% CI 8.34–15.33) in offspring, and 12.46 (95% CI 9.34–16.62) in parents. Tetrachoric correlation coefficients were 0.53 (95% CI 0.41–0.65) for cotwins of affected individuals and 0.21 (95% CI 0.16–0.26) for full siblings. The familial transmission (heritability plus shared environmental contribution) was 0.54 (95% CI 0.44–0.77). In first‐degree relatives of patients with SS, the RRs were 2.95 (95% CI 2.33–3.73) for rheumatoid arthritis, 6.25 (95% CI 5.15–7.58) for systemic lupus erythematosus, 2.39 (95% CI 0.77–7.41) for systemic sclerosis, 0.71 (95% CI 0.10–5.07) for idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, 1.97 (95% CI 1.29–3.02) for type 1 diabetes mellitus, 3.38 (95% CI 1.26–9.05) for multiple sclerosis, 1.67 (95% CI 0.83–3.33) for myasthenia gravis, 1.25 (95% CI 1.04–1.50) for psoriasis, 1.21 (95% CI 0.39–3.76) for inflammatory bowel disease, and 2.29 (95% CI 1.19–4.40) for vasculitis.ConclusionThe risk of SS and other autoimmune diseases is increased in relatives of patients with SS, and more than one‐half of phenotypic variance in SS can be explained by familial factors.
Weight Loss, the Obesity Paradox, and the Risk of Death in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Baker Joshua F. , Billig Erica , Michaud Kaleb , Ibrahim Said , Caplan Liron , Cannon Grant W. , Stokes Andrew , Majithia Vikas , Mikuls Ted R. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveIn contrast to what is observed in the general population, a low body mass index (BMI) has been associated with accelerated mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to assess whether weight loss might explain these seemingly paradoxical observations.MethodsOur study included patients identified from the Veterans Affairs (VA) RA Registry. Dates of death were abstracted from VA electronic medical records. The BMI at each study visit and the change from the previous visit were determined. The maximum BMI of each patient was also obtained from medical records. The annualized rate of BMI loss was determined from the slope of change (per year) in BMI over visits within the preceding 13 months. Cox multivariable proportional hazards models were used to assess associations between BMI measures and mortality.ResultsIn a sample of 1,674 patients, 312 deaths occurred over 9,183 person‐years. A loss in BMI of ≥1 kg/m2 was associated with a greater risk of death, after adjustment for demographics, comorbidities, BMI, smoking, and RA therapies (hazard ratio [HR] 1.99, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.53–2.59, P < 0.001). This association remained significant in a subsample analysis adjusting for C‐reactive protein and physical function (HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.36–2.41, P < 0.001). Weight loss at an annualized rate of ≥3 kg/m2 was associated with the greatest risk of death (HR 2.49, 95% CI 1.73–3.57, P < 0.001). Low BMI (<20 kg/m2) in patients with a history of obesity (>30 kg/m2) was associated with the greatest risk (HR 8.52, 95% CI 4.10–17.71, P < 0.001).ConclusionWeight loss is a strong predictor of death in patients with RA. These observations may explain the observed obesity paradox and do not support a biologically protective role of obesity.
Brief Report: Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin‐6 Differentially Regulate Dkk‐1 in the Inflamed Arthritic Joint
Authors: Yeremenko Nataliya , Zwerina Karin , Rigter Gemma , Pots Desiree , Fonseca Joao E. , Zwerina Jochen , Schett Georg , Baeten Dominique 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTumor necrosis factor (TNF) drives bone destruction, but it also inhibits new bone formation by inducing Dkk‐1, an inhibitor of the Wnt pathway. Accordingly, blocking of Dkk‐1 reverses the phenotype in experimental arthritis from a pattern of bone destruction to a pattern of bone formation. To delineate the potential role of Dkk‐1 in the structural phenotype of human arthritis, we analyzed the expression of Dkk‐1 and its regulation by proinflammatory cytokines in the inflamed peripheral joints of patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsExpression of Dkk‐1 and proinflammatory cytokines was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and microarray analysis in synovial fluid (SF) and synovial tissue, respectively. Regulation of Dkk‐1 production by proinflammatory cytokines was assessed in fibroblast‐like synoviocyte (FLS) cultures.ResultsTNF and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) levels, were higher in RA SF than in SpA SF (P < 0.001 for both), whereas levels of IL‐6 were not. Levels of Dkk‐1 were similar in SpA SF and RA SF and were not correlated with TNF and IL‐1β levels. However, Dkk‐1 levels showed an inverse correlation with IL‐6 levels in both SpA SF (r = −0.31, P = 0.04) and RA SF (r = −0.39, P = 0.01); this result was reproduced at the messenger RNA level in synovial tissue. In vitro experiments with FLS confirmed that Dkk‐1 production was strongly induced by TNF but clearly suppressed by IL‐6. Moreover, IL‐6 was able to suppress the TNF‐induced up‐regulation of Dkk‐1 production by FLS.ConclusionThe inverse correlation of Dkk‐1 levels with IL‐6 levels observed in vivo in the inflamed joints was mirrored by the differential regulation of Dkk‐1 production by TNF and IL‐6 in vitro. The relative balance between these and other factors in the arthritic joints may determine functional Wnt signaling and tissue remodeling.
Efficient sketch‐based creation of detailed character models through data‐driven mesh deformations
Authors: Kazmi Ismail Khalid , You Lihua , Yang Xiaosong , Jin Xiaogang , Zhang Jian J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCreation of detailed character models is a very challenging task in animation production. Sketch‐based character model creation from a 3D template provides a promising solution. However, how to quickly find correct correspondences between user's drawn sketches and the 3D template model, how to efficiently deform the 3D template model to exactly match user's drawn sketches, and realize real‐time interactive modeling is still an open topic. In this paper, we propose a new approach and develop a user interface to effectively tackle this problem. Our proposed approach includes using user's drawn sketches to retrieve a most similar 3D template model from our dataset and marrying human's perception and interactions with computer's highly efficient computing to extract occluding and silhouette contours of the 3D template model and find correct correspondences quickly. We then combine skeleton‐based deformation and mesh editing to deform the 3D template model to fit user's drawn sketches and create new and detailed 3D character models. The results presented in this paper demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of our proposed approach and usefulness of our developed user interface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Fluorescence‐Based Array Screen for Transglutaminase Substrates
Authors: Malešević Miroslav , Migge Andreas , Hertel Thomas C. , Pietzsch Markus 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTransglutaminases (EC 2.3.2.13) form an enzyme family that catalyzes the formation of isopeptide bonds between the γ‐carboxamide group of glutamine and the ε‐amine group of lysine residues of peptides and proteins. Other primary amines can be accepted in place of lysine. Because of their important physiological and pathophysiological functions, transglutaminases have been studied for 60 years. However, the substrate preferences of this enzyme class remain largely elusive. In this study, we used focused combinatorial libraries of 400 peptides to investigate the influence of the amino acids adjacent to the glutamine and lysine residues on the catalysis of isopeptide bond formation by microbial transglutaminase. Using the peptide microarray technology we found a strong positive influence of hydrophobic and basic amino acids, especially arginine, tyrosine, and leucine. Several tripeptide substrates were synthesized, and enzymatic kinetic parameters were determined both by microarray analysis and in solution.
Ultramild Protein‐Mediated Click Chemistry Creates Efficient Oligonucleotide Probes for Targeting and Detecting Nucleic Acids
Authors: Nåbo Lina J. , Madsen Charlotte S. , Jensen Knud J. , Kongsted Jacob , Astakhova Kira 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFunctionalized synthetic oligonucleotides are finding growing applications in research, clinical studies, and therapy. However, it is not easy to prepare them in a biocompatible and highly efficient manner. We report a new strategy to synthesize oligonucleotides with promising nucleic acid targeting and detection properties. We focus in particular on the pH sensitivity of these new probes and their high target specificity. For the first time, human copper(I)‐binding chaperon Cox17 was applied to effectively catalyze click labeling of oligonucleotides. This was performed under ultramild conditions with fluorophore, peptide, and carbohydrate azide derivatives. In thermal denaturation studies, the modified probes showed specific binding to complementary DNA and RNA targets. Finally, we demonstrated the pH sensitivity of the new rhodamine‐based fluorescent probes in vitro and rationalize our results by electronic structure calculations.
Dendritic Domains with Hexagonal Symmetry Formed by X‐Shaped Bolapolyphiles in Lipid Membranes
Authors: Werner Stefan , Ebert Helgard , Lechner Bob‐Dan , Lange Frank , Achilles Anja , Bärenwald Ruth , Poppe Silvio , Blume Alfred , Saalwächter Kay , Tschierske Carsten , Bacia Kirsten 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA novel class of bolapolyphile (BP) molecules are shown to integrate into phospholipid bilayers and self‐assemble into unique sixfold symmetric domains of snowflake‐like dendritic shapes. The BPs comprise three philicities: a lipophilic, rigid, π–π stacking core; two flexible lipophilic side chains; and two hydrophilic, hydrogen‐bonding head groups. Confocal microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, XRD, and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy confirm BP‐rich domains with transmembrane‐oriented BPs and three to four lipid molecules per BP. Both species remain well organized even above the main 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine transition. The BP molecules only dissolve in the fluid membrane above 70 °C. Structural variations of the BP demonstrate that head‐group hydrogen bonding is a prerequisite for domain formation. Independent of the head group, the BPs reduce membrane corrugation. In conclusion, the BPs form nanofilaments by π stacking of aromatic cores, which reduce membrane corrugation and possibly fuse into a hexagonal network in the dendritic domains.
Fully Resolved NMR Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Pitoux Daisy , Plainchont Bertrand , Merlet Denis , Hu Zhaoyu , Bonnaffé David , Farjon Jonathan , Giraud Nicolas 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA new correlation experiment cited as “push‐G‐SERF” is reported. In the resulting phased 2D spectrum, the chemical shift information is selected along the direct dimension, whereas scalar couplings involving a selected proton nucleus are edited in the indirect domain. The robustness of this pulse sequence is demonstrated on compounds with increasing structural and spectral complexity, using state‐of‐the‐art spectrometers. It allows for full resolution of both dimensions of the spectrum, yielding a straightforward assignment and measurement of the coupling network around a given proton in the molecule. This experiment is intended for chemists who want to address efficiently the structural analysis of molecules with an overcrowded spectrum.
Divergent Reactivity in Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation with Diarylamines and α,β‐Unsaturated Acids: Direct Access to Substituted 2‐Quinolinones and Indoles
Authors: Kancherla Rajesh , Naveen Togati , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed CH activation strategy has been successfully employed for exclusive synthesis of a variety of 3‐substituted indoles. A [3+3] annulation for synthesizing substituted 2‐quinolinones was recently developed by reaction of α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids with diarylamines under acidic conditions. In the present work, an analogous [3+2] annulation is achieved from the same set of starting materials under basic conditions to generate 1,3‐disubstituted indoles exclusively. Mechanistic studies revealed an ortho‐palladation–π‐coordination–β‐migratory insertion–β‐hydride elimination reaction sequence to be operative under the reaction conditions.
A Quantum Dynamical Approach to Matrix Khrushchev's Formulas
Authors: Cedzich C. , Grünbaum F. A. , Velázquez L. , Werner A. H. , Werner R. F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractKhrushchev's formula is the cornerstone of the so‐called Khrushchev theory, a body of results which has revolutionized the theory of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle. This formula can be understood as a factorization of the Schur function for an orthogonal polynomial modification of a measure on the unit circle. No such formula is known in the case of matrix‐valued measures. This constitutes the main obstacle to generalize Khrushchev theory to the matrix‐valued setting, which we overcome in this paper.It was recently discovered that orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle and their matrix‐valued versions play a significant role in the study of quantum walks, the quantum mechanical analogue of random walks. In particular, Schur functions turn out to be the mathematical tool which best codify the return properties of a discrete time quantum system, a topic in which Khrushchev's formula has profound and surprising implications.We will show that this connection between Schur functions and quantum walks is behind a simple proof of Khrushchev's formula via “quantum” diagrammatic techniques for CMV matrices. This does not merely give a quantum meaning to a known mathematical result, since the diagrammatic proof also works for matrix‐valued measures. Actually, this path‐counting approach is so fruitful that it provides different matrix generalizations of Khrushchev's formula, some of them new even in the case of scalar measures.Furthermore, the path‐counting approach allows us to identify the properties of CMV matrices which are responsible for Khrushchev's formula. On the one hand, this helps to formalize and unify the diagrammatic proofs using simple operator theory tools. On the other hand, this is the origin of our main result which extends Khrushchev's formula beyond the CMV case, as a factorization rule for Schur functions related to general unitary operators.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hierarchical Interpolative Factorization for Elliptic Operators: Differential Equations
Authors: Ho Kenneth L. , Ying Lexing 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper introduces the hierarchical interpolative factorization for elliptic partial differential equations (HIF‐DE) in two (2D) and three dimensions (3D). This factorization takes the form of an approximate generalized LU/LDL decomposition that facilitates the efficient inversion of the discretized operator. HIF‐DE is based on the nested dissection multifrontal method but uses skeletonization on the separator fronts to sparsify the dense frontal matrices and thus reduce the cost. We conjecture that this strategy yields linear complexity in 2D and quasilinear complexity in 3D. Estimated linear complexity in 3D can be achieved by skeletonizing the compressed fronts themselves, which amounts geometrically to a recursive dimensional reduction scheme. Numerical experiments support our claims and further demonstrate the performance of our algorithm as a fast direct solver and preconditioner. MATLAB® codes are freely available.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Amorphous Carbon Nitride Composite Derived from ZIF‐8 as Anode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fan Jing‐Min , Chen Jia‐Jia , Zhang Qian , Chen Bin‐Bin , Zang Jun , Zheng Ming‐Sen , Dong Quan‐Feng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn composite comprising amorphous carbon nitride (ACN) and zinc oxide is derived from ZIF‐8 by pyrolysis. The composite is a promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries. The nitrogen content of the ACN composite is as high as 20.4 %, and the bonding state of nitrogen is mostly pyridinic, as determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The composite exhibits an excellent Na+ storage performance with a reversible capacity of 430 mA h g−1 and 146 mA h g−1 at current densities of 83 mA g−1 and 8.33 A g−1, respectively. A specific capacity of 175 mA h g−1 was maintained after 2000 cycles at 1.67 A g−1, with only 0.016 % capacity degradation per cycle. Moreover, an accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) test demonstrates the excellent thermal stability of the composite, with a low self heating rate and high onset temperature (210 °C). These results shows its promise as a candidate material for high‐capacity, high‐rate anodes for sodium‐ion batteries.
Pentanuclear and Octanuclear Manganese Helices
Authors: Sato Hiroki , Yamaguchi Momoyo , Onuki Tatsuya , Noguchi Mao , Newton Graham N. , Shiga Takuya , Oshio Hiroki 
Published: May 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Hiroki Oshio at the University of Tsukuba, Japan. The cover image shows the metaphoric link between the synthesis of two new manganese clusters and the ancient Japanese art of origami. Origami literally means “folded paper” and allows elaborate shapes to be created from the simplest materials, just like the rigid, planar ligands that were employed to “fold” manganese ions into sophisticated helical superstructures.
Here today, gone tomorrow: Short-term retention of pesticide-induced tolerance in amphibians
Authors: Jones Devin K. , Relyea Rick A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Pesticide use has led to the ubiquitous contamination of natural habitats, which has inadvertently increased pesticide tolerance in target and nontarget species. Historically, increased pesticide tolerance has been attributed to natural selection for tolerance among individuals of affected populations. Recent research, however, has discovered that pesticide tolerance can be increased through phenotypic plasticity. Although induced pesticide tolerance may benefit organisms experiencing contaminated systems, little is known about its occurrence in vertebrates, its retention through ontogeny, or potential life history tradeoffs. Using time-to-death assays at 2 distinct developmental windows, the authors discovered that gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) tadpoles exposed to sublethal concentrations (0 mg a.i./L, 0.5 mg a.i./L, and 1.0 mg a.i./L) of the insecticide Sevin® (carbaryl) early in life increased their pesticide tolerance to a lethal carbaryl concentration 5 d after sublethal exposure. However, this increased tolerance was not retained later in ontogeny (23 d post-sublethal exposure). Moreover, no indication was found of pesticide-induced treefrogs experiencing life-history tradeoffs in terms of survival to metamorphosis, mass, or snout–vent length. Gray treefrogs are only the second vertebrate species and the second amphibian family to exhibit pesticide-induced tolerance after sublethal exposure. The authors' data suggest that the ability to induce increased pesticide tolerance may play a critical role in amphibian survival in contaminated ecosystems. However, future work is needed to test the occurrence of inducible pesticide tolerance among numerous amphibian populations worldwide. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2295–2301. © 2015 SETAC
Influence of Smoking Status and Intensity on Discovery of Blood Pressure Loci Through Gene‐Smoking Interactions
Authors: Basson Jacob , Sung Yun Ju , de las Fuentes Lisa , Schwander Karen , Cupples L. Adrienne , Rao Dabeeru C. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundGenetic variation accounts for approximately 30% of blood pressure (BP) variability but most of that variability has not been attributed to specific variants. Interactions between genes and BP‐associated factors may explain some “missing heritability.” Cigarette smoking increases BP after short‐term exposure and decreases BP with longer exposure. Gene‐smoking interactions have discovered novel BP loci, but the contribution of smoking status and intensity to gene discovery is unknown.MethodsWe analyzed gene‐smoking intensity interactions for association with systolic BP (SBP) in three subgroups from the Framingham Heart Study: current smokers only (N = 1,057), current and former smokers (“ever smokers,” N = 3,374), and all subjects (N = 6,710). We used three smoking intensity variables defined at cutoffs of 10, 15, and 20 cigarettes per day (CPD). We evaluated the 1 degree‐of‐freedom (df) interaction and 2df joint test using generalized estimating equations.ResultsAnalysis of current smokers using a CPD cutoff of 10 produced two loci associated with SBP. The rs9399633 minor allele was associated with increased SBP (5 mmHg) in heavy smokers (CPD > 10) but decreased SBP (7 mmHg) in light smokers (CPD ≤ 10). The rs11717948 minor allele was associated with decreased SBP (8 mmHg) in light smokers but decreased SBP (2 mmHg) in heavy smokers. Across all nine analyses, 19 additional loci reached P < 1 × 10−6.DiscussionAnalysis of current smokers may have the highest power to detect gene‐smoking interactions, despite the reduced sample size. Associations of loci near SASH1 and KLHL6/KLHL24 with SBP may be modulated by tobacco smoking.
Comparison of threshold hydrologic response across northern catchments
Authors: Ali Genevieve , Tetzlaff Doerthe , McDonnell Jeffrey J. , Soulsby Chris , Carey Sean , Laudon Hjalmar , McGuire Kevin , Buttle Jim , Seibert Jan , Shanley Jamie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNine mid‐latitude to high‐latitude headwater catchments – part of the Northern Watershed Ecosystem Response to Climate Change (North‐Watch) programme – were used to analyze threshold response to rainfall and snowmelt‐driven events and link the different responses to the catchment characteristics of the nine sites. The North‐Watch data include daily time‐series of various lengths of multiple variables such as air temperature, precipitation and discharge. Rainfall and meltwater inputs were differentiated using a degree‐day snowmelt approach. Distinct hydrological events were identified, and precipitation‐runoff response curves were visually assessed. Results showed that eight of nine catchments showed runoff initiation thresholds and effective precipitation input thresholds. For rainfall‐triggered events, catchment hydroclimatic and physical characteristics (e.g. mean annual air temperature, median flow path distance to the stream, median sub‐catchment area) were strong predictors of threshold strength. For snowmelt‐driven events, however, thresholds and the factors controlling precipitation‐runoff response were difficult to identify. The variability in catchments responses to snowmelt was not fully explained by runoff initiation thresholds and input magnitude thresholds. The quantification of input intensity thresholds (e.g. snow melting and permafrost thawing rates) is likely required for an adequate characterization of nonlinear spring runoff generation in such northern environments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.