bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and PK/PD relationship of cefquinome for Escherichia coli in Beagle dogs
Authors: Zhou Y. F. , Zhao D. H. , Yu Y. , Yang X. , Shi W. , Peng Y. B. , Liu Y. H. 
Published: March 2015

The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome in Beagle dogs were determined by intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) injection at a single dose of 2 mg/kg body weight (BW). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of cefquinome against 217 Escherichia coli isolated from dogs were also investigated. After IV injection, the plasma concentration‐time curve of cefquinome was analyzed using a two‐compartmental model, and the mean values of t1/2α (h), t1/2β (h), Vss (L/kg), ClB (L/kg/h) and AUC (μg·h/mL) were 0.12, 0.98, 0.30, 0.24 and 8.51, respectively. After IM and SC administration, the PK data were best described by a one‐compartmental model with first‐order absorption. The mean values of t1/2Kel, t1/2Ka, tmax (h), Cmax (μg/mL) and AUC (μg·h/mL) were corresponding 0.85, 0.14, 0.43, 4.83 and 8.24 for IM administration, 0.99, 0.29, 0.72, 3.88 and 9.13 for SC injection. The duration of time that drug levels exceed the MIC (%T > MIC) were calculated using the determined MIC90 (0.125 μg/mL) and the PK data obtained in this study. The results indicated that the dosage regimen of cefquinome at 2 mg/kg BW with 12‐h intervals could achieve %T > MIC above 50% that generally produced a satisfactory bactericidal effect against E. coli isolated from dogs in this study.
Igneous and shock processes affecting chassignite amphibole evaluated using chlorine/water partitioning and hydrogen isotopes
Authors: Giesting Paul A. , Schwenzer Susanne P. , Filiberto Justin , Starkey Natalie A. , Franchi Ian A. , Treiman Allan H. , Tindle Andy G. , Grady Monica M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAmphibole in chassignite melt inclusions provides valuable information about the volatile content of the original interstitial magma, but also shock and postshock processes. We have analyzed amphibole and other phases from NWA 2737 melt inclusions, and we evaluate these data along with published values to constrain the crystallization Cl and H2O content of phases in chassignite melt inclusions and the effects of shock on these amphibole grains. Using a model for the Cl/OH exchange between amphibole and melt, we estimate primary crystallization OH contents of chassignite amphiboles. SIMS analysis shows that amphibole from NWA 2737 currently has 0.15 wt% H2O. It has lost ~0.6 wt% H2O from an initial 0.7–0.8 wt% H2O due to intense shock. Chassigny amphibole had on average 0.3–0.4 wt% H2O and suffered little net loss of H2O due to shock. NWA 2737 amphibole has δD ≈ +3700‰; it absorbed Martian atmosphere‐derived heavy H in the aftermath of shock. Chassigny amphibole, with δD ≤ +1900‰, incorporated less heavy H. Low H2O/Cl ratios are inferred for the primitive chassignite magma, which had significant effects on melting and crystallization. Volatiles released by the degassing of Martian magma were more Cl‐rich than on Earth, resulting in the high Cl content of Martian surface materials.
Role of capsular modified heptose in the virulence of Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Wong Anthony , Lange Dirk , Houle Sebastien , Arbatsky Nikolay P. , Valvano Miguel A. , Knirel Yuriy A. , Dozois Charles M. , Creuzenet Carole 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe Campylobacter jejuni capsular polysaccharide is important for virulence and often contains a modified heptose. In strain ATCC 700819 (a.k.a. NCTC 11168), the modified heptose branches off from the capsular backbone and is directly exposed to the environment. We reported previously that the enzymes encoded by wcaG, mlghB and mlghC are involved in heptose modification. Here, we show that inactivation of any of these genes leads to production of capsule lacking modified heptose and alters the transcription of other capsule modification genes differentially. Inactivation of mlghB or mlghC, but not of wcaG, decreased susceptibility to bile salts and abrogated invasion of intestinal cells. All mutants showed increased sensitivity to serum killing, especially wcaG::cat, and had defects in colonization and persistence in chicken intestine, but did not show significant differences in adhesion, phagocytosis and intracellular survival in murine macrophages. Together, our findings suggest that the capsular heptose modification pathway contributes to bacterial resistance against gastrointestinal host defenses and supports bacterial persistence via its role in serum resistance and invasion of intestinal cells. Our data further suggest a dynamic regulation of expression of this pathway in the gastrointestinal tract.
Transcriptome analysis highlights preformed defences and signalling pathways controlled by the prAe1 quantitative trait locus (QTL), conferring partial resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Badis Yacine , Bonhomme Maxime , Lafitte Claude , Huguet Stéphanie , Balzergue Sandrine , Dumas Bernard , Jacquet Christophe 
Published: March 2015

SummaryTo gain an insight into the molecular mechanisms of quantitative disease resistance in Medicago truncatula to the root‐infecting oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches, we selected two near‐isogenic lines (NILs), NR and NS, partially resistant and susceptible, respectively, differing in the allelic state of the quantitative resistance locus (QRL) prAe1 (partially resistant to A. euteiches 1). Complementary molecular and cytological phenotyping methods showed that prAe1 alone confers quantitative resistance to A. euteiches. Root and stem tissues were colonized in NS plants and 80% of NS plants died by 21 days post‐inoculation (dpi). In contrast, A. euteiches mycelium was restricted to the root cortex and the spread of symptoms was arrested in aerial parts of NR plants. A transcriptome analysis performed at 0, 1 and 6 dpi identified 1198 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NR and NS lines. More than 87% of the DEGs were significantly more expressed in NR. The highest number of DEGs was found in control conditions, with 723 genes over‐expressed in NR versus 85 in NS. Genes belonging to secondary metabolism, pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins and kinases were significantly enriched. The significant role of the flavonoid pathway in resistance was corroborated by the detection of larger amounts of flavonoids in NR roots and the inhibition of A. euteiches zoospore germination by 2′‐O‐methyl‐isoliquiritigenin, a compound synthesized by enzymes specifically induced in NR. Our study revealed that prAe1‐dependent resistance relies mainly on the constitutive expression of defence‐related pathways and signalling elements, which can be re‐amplified in later time points of the infection.
Calibration of a camera–projector monochromatic system
Authors: Portalés Cristina , Ribes‐Gómez Emilio , Pastor Begoña , Gutiérrez Antonio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCamera–projector systems are increasingly being used in many different applications, including object reconstruction. In recent years, a number of approaches have been proposed to calibrate such devices; in this paper a calibration method is presented which can be used with monochromatic systems. The method is based on open‐source code, makes use of planar calibration patterns, is fully automatic, easy to use and fast. Additionally, no initial information regarding the camera interior orientation is needed, and both sensors (camera and projector) are fully calibrated during the process. The method is validated by a series of tests, where root mean square errors (RMSEs) in image space are kept below 1 pixel. Finally, the applicability of the method is demonstrated by implementing two different strategies to automatically reconstruct objects.
Embedded Ancient Greek Imperatives: A Feature Transfer Analysis
Authors: Medeiros David J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of data in which imperative verbs appear in nonroot clauses, namely relative and finite verbal complement clauses. Although crosslinguistically rare, such embedding is well attested in languages such as Ancient Greek and Slovenian, and it is impossible in languages such as English. An analysis is presented in which rich imperative morphology is related to the possibility of embedding imperatives inCPcontexts, which is formalized in terms of the independently motivated theory of Feature Transfer (Chomsky 2008). According to the analysis presented here, the difference between Ancient Greek and English imperatives is one of subcategorization, such that a ϕ‐complete C is able to subcategorize for imperative T in Ancient Greek but not in English. Rich imperative morphology, defined as having overt forms beyond the second person, is taken to be a necessary condition for the learner to posit that ϕ‐complete C can select imperatives, as in Ancient Greek but not in English. The analysis suggests a view of the grammar in which sentential force is encoded in the syntax, given that morphologically imperative verbs are disassociated with directive force in Ancient Greek.
Viremia levels in hepatitis C infection among Egyptian blood donors and implications for transmission risk with different screening scenarios
Authors: El Ekiaby Magdy , Moftah Faten , Goubran Heidi , van Drimmelen Harry , LaPerche Syria , Kleinman Steve , Busch Michael , Lelie Nico 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDKnowledge about the viral load (VL) distributions in different stages of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is essential to compare the efficacy of serologic screening and nucleic acid testing (NAT) in preventing transfusion transmission risk. We studied HCV‐RNA levels in Egyptian blood donors in the preseroconversion window period (WP) and in later anti‐HCV–positive stages of infection.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSubsets of individual‐donation (ID)‐NAT and anti‐HCV–yield samples from a screening study among 119,756 donors were tested for VL by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Low viremia levels below the quantification limit of qPCR were determined by probit analysis using the proportion of reactive results on replicate NATs. Poisson distribution statistics were used to estimate transmission risk in different stages of HCV infection based on 50% minimum infectious doses (MID50) of 3.2 (1‐10) and 316 (100‐1000) virions in the absence and presence of anti‐HCV, respectively.RESULTSRates of total HCV infections and WP‐NAT–yield donations in two Egyptian blood centers varied between 2.6% to 4.5% and 1:3100 to 1:9500, respectively. VLs ranged from 82 to 3 × 107 copies/mL in WP and from fewer than 1600 to 1.6 × 106 copies/mL in anti‐HCV–positive carrier donations. Only two (1.1%) of 175 donors with probable resolved infection had detectable RNA on replicate testing (estimated VLs of 0.5 and 1.8 copies/mL). This translates to an estimated transmission risk of 0.028% if ID‐NAT‐nonreactive, anti‐HCV–positive donations would be used for RBC transfusions.CONCLUSIONAlmost 99% of anti‐HCV–reactive donations without detectable HCV‐RNA on initial ID‐NAT screening had eradicated the virus from the circulation, while 1% had extremely low VLs and are likely not infectious. The incremental safety offered by serologic testing of ID‐NAT–screened blood seems minimal.
Na+/Ca2+ exchange and Na+/K+‐ATPase in the heart
Authors: Shattock Michael J. , Ottolia Michela , Bers Donald M. , Blaustein Mordecai P. , Boguslavskyi Andrii , Bossuyt Julie , Bridge John H. B. , Chen‐Izu Ye , Clancy Colleen E. , Edwards Andrew , Goldhaber Joshua , Kaplan Jack , Lingrel Jerry B. , Pavlovic Davor , Philipson Kenneth , Sipido Karin R. , Xie Zi‐Jian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper is the third in a series of reviews published in this issue resulting from the University of California Davis Cardiovascular Symposium 2014: Systems approach to understanding cardiac excitation–contraction coupling and arrhythmias: Na+ channel and Na+ transport. The goal of the symposium was to bring together experts in the field to discuss points of consensus and controversy on the topic of sodium in the heart. The present review focuses on cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCX) and Na+/K+‐ATPase (NKA). While the relevance of Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiac function has been extensively investigated, the role of Na+ regulation in shaping heart function is often overlooked. Small changes in the cytoplasmic Na+ content have multiple effects on the heart by influencing intracellular Ca2+ and pH levels thereby modulating heart contractility. Therefore it is essential for heart cells to maintain Na+ homeostasis. Among the proteins that accomplish this task are the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and the Na+/K+ pump (NKA). By transporting three Na+ ions into the cytoplasm in exchange for one Ca2+ moved out, NCX is one of the main Na+ influx mechanisms in cardiomyocytes. Acting in the opposite direction, NKA moves Na+ ions from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space against their gradient by utilizing the energy released from ATP hydrolysis. A fine balance between these two processes controls the net amount of intracellular Na+ and aberrations in either of these two systems can have a large impact on cardiac contractility. Due to the relevant role of these two proteins in Na+ homeostasis, the emphasis of this review is on recent developments regarding the cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) and Na+/K+ pump and the controversies that still persist in the field.
A General Method for Kinematic Retargeting: Adapting Poses Between Humans and Robots
Authors: Tosun Tarik , Mead Ross , Stengel Robert 
Published: March 2015

This paper presents a method for kinematic retargeting that is general to a broad class of kinematic chains. Kinematic retargeting is the adaptation of a pose or motion from one kinematic embodiment to another. Our method distinguishes itself in its ability to adapt poses to new robots with very little configuration by the user. We accomplish this by defining two general metrics for retargeting and minimizing a cost function which is the weighted sum of these two metrics. This allows the method to automatically adapt poses between source and target chains that have different link lengths and degrees of freedom.
These capabilities address a specific problem in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), where behaviors are often defined in a robot-specific manner. The ability to automatically adapt behaviors from humans to new robots, and from one robot to another, will facilitate experimental repeatability. Through simulation and experiments, we demonstrate that our method is effective in adapting poses across chains with different numbers of joints, and in adapting socially expressive gestures from a human to two very different robots.
Concurrent Estimation of a Vehicle’s Mass and Auxiliary Power
Authors: Fard Soheil Mohagehghi , Khajepour Amir 
Published: March 2015

The goal of this paper is to estimate the mass and auxiliary power of a vehicle simultaneously. Auxiliary power is the portion of the load power that is consumed by any auxiliary devices such as A/C compressor which is connected to the engine directly. This estimation has many potential applications especially in power management control systems of hybrid and plug-in-hybrid vehicles to improve their efficiency.
The parameter estimation algorithm is based on power balance of the vehicle. That is, total generated power by the engine should be equal to the power required for moving the vehicle plus the power consumed by the auxiliary devices. After developing the system model, Kalman filter is applied for the estimation of the auxiliary power and vehicle mass.
The proposed estimation algorithm uses the signals available through the vehicle control area network (CAN), and no extra sensor is required. It is assumed that the road grade is provided by a Global Positioning System (GPS) installed in the car. Simulations are presented to show the performance of the estimation algorithm in both city and highway driving cycles. The estimated and actual results are in very good agreement.
Multi-Scale Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations Based on Mesoscopic Approaches
Authors: Weisgraber Todd H. , Walsh Stuart D. C. , Karazis Kostas , Gottuso Dennis 
Published: March 2015

Many challenging fluid-structure interaction problems in nuclear engineering remain unresolved because current CFD methodologies are unable to manage the number of computational cells needed and/or the difficulties associated with meshing changing geometries. One of the most promising recent methodologies for fluid dynamics modeling is the lattice-Boltzmann method — an approach that offers significant advantages over classical CFD methodologies by 1) greatly reducing meshing requirements, 2) offering great scalability, and 3) through relative ease of code parallelization. While LBM often requires increased numerical effort compared to other methods, this can be dramatically reduced by combining LBM with Adaptive Mesh Refinement (LB-AMR).
This study describes an ongoing collaboration investigating nuclear fuel-assembly spacer grid performance. The LB-AMR method, used to simulate the flow field around a specific spacer grid design, is capable of describing turbulent flows for high Reynolds numbers, revealing rich flow dynamics in good qualitative agreement with experimental results.
Prepared by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
State Measurement System for Control of Soft Actuator Made by Prestressed Super Elastic Alloy
Authors: Suzuki Yuya , Sakuma Atsushi , Nozawa Taichi 
Published: March 2015

Super elastic alloy (SEA) has the characteristic of two-way deformation by heating and cooling under prestressed condition. The characteristic makes it possible to realize an actuator of flexible, compact, and quiet. Therefore, SEA can be applied to such robots for medical, assist, welfare, automatic door, and so on. However, there are many difficulties in its control as actuator because SEA shows strong non-linear behavior on its deformation process.
In this study, the measurement system of state quantities on the non-linear characteristics of SEA is constructed to control the deformation of it as practical actuator. Here, the actuator made by SEA is heated by electric current. And then, electrical systems are also developed to measure the state quantities of temperature, strain and electric resistivity of SEA during the Joule heating for its mechatronical control. In addition, the measurement of the electric resistivity on the process of heating and cooling is performed by applying pulse voltage for perform stable and accurate measurement even at a low voltage is applied.
Streamwise Fluidelastic Instability of Tube Arrays in Two-Phase Cross Flow
Authors: Olala Stephen , Mureithi Njuki W. 
Published: March 2015

In-plane instability of tube arrays has not been a major concern to steam generator designers until recently following observations of streamwise tube failure in a nuclear power plant in U.S.A. However, modeling of fluidelastic instability in two-phase flows still remains a challenge.
In the present work, detailed steady fluid force measurements for a kernel of an array of tubes in a rotated triangular tube array of P/D=1.5 subjected to air-water two-phase flows for a series of void fractions and a Reynolds number (based on the pitch velocity), Re = 7.2 × 104 has been conducted. The measured steady fluid force coefficients and their derivatives, with respect to streamwise static displacements of the central tube, are employed in the quasi-steady model [1, 2], originally developed for single phase flows, to analyze in-plane fluidelastic instability of multiple flexible arrays in two-phase flows. The results are consistent with dynamic stability tests [3].
Model Order Reduction for Design of Torsional Disk Couplings
Authors: Francis Alex , Avdeev Ilya 
Published: March 2015

Torsional couplings are used to transmit power between various rotating components of power systems while allowing for relatively small misalignments that may otherwise lead to equipment failure. When selecting a proper coupling type and size, one has to consider three important conditions: (1) maximum load applied to the coupling, (2) maximum operation speed and (3) amount of misalignment allowable for normal operation.
There are many types of flexible couplings that use various materials for the flexible element of the coupling on the market today. Design of the coupling and the materials used for the flexible elements determine the coupling’s operating characteristics. In this project, we study metal disk couplings. Benefits of this type of coupling include: ease of replacement or repair, clear visual feedback of element failure, and the absence of a need for lubrication. The torsional stiffness of a coupling is a major factor relative to the amount of misalignment allowable. Currently, flexible couplings are tested by manufacturers to experimentally determine the torsional stiffness; a process which requires expensive equipment and more importantly employee time to set-up and run. The torsional coupling lumped characteristics, such as torsional- and flexural stiffness, as well as natural frequencies are important for design of the entire power system and have to be as precise as possible. In this work, we have developed an accurate modeling framework for determining these parameters based on a full 3-D finite element model and model-order reduction procedure. Developed methodology was validated by available experimental data from one of the leading manufacturers of torsional couplings.
Development of a Test Bank for Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Two Prosthetic Heart Valves Using Air as Working Fluid
Authors: Rivera Luz M. , Crispín Ana I. , Escobar Nelson , Hoyos Lina M. , Bustamante John 
Published: March 2015

This work presents the fluid dynamic analysis of the mechanical prosthetic heart valves: Björk Shiley and Sorin Bicarbon™. Analysis of prosthetic valves is currently done with viscous fluids that emulate the behavior of blood; however the developed test bank, wind tunnel, uses air as the working fluid. This working fluid differs from those currently being used due to its low density and viscosity properties, which provides greater sensitivity to small changes in geometry and valve design variations. These features permit to identify relevant changes to the patient’s hemodynamic system based on the effect of the implanted valve.
Tests were performed by measuring the fluid-dynamics of both valves; the obtained results show accuracy with the valves’ performance under clinical conditions. The offset design of the Björk Shiley tilting disk gives the valve the ability to generate less blood trauma and increase laminar flow and the Sorin Bicarbon™ bileaflet has a larger orifice for better hemodynamic performance. Furthermore, the transversal pressure gradients and local effects such as turbulence and vortexes were also analyzed; and the obtained results are accurate according to the functionality, geometrical and structural characteristics of both valves at their real environment.
Whole-Genome Sequence for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain ATCC BAA-1680
Authors: Daum Luke T. , Bumah Violet V. , Masson-Meyers Daniela S. , Khubbar Manjeet , Rodriguez John D. , Fischer Gerald W. , Enwemeka Chukuka S. , Gradus Steve , Bhattacharyya Sanjib 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

We report here the whole-genome sequence of the USA300 strain of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA), designated ATCC BAA-1680, and commonly referred to as community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). This clinical MRSA isolate is commercially available from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and is widely utilized as a control strain for research applications and clinical diagnosis. The isolate was propagated in ATCC medium 18, tryptic soy agar, and has been utilized as a model
S. aureus
strain in several studies, including MRSA genetic analysis after irradiation with 470-nm blue light.