bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Co‐Solvent Concentration on the Properties of Dope Solution and Performance of Polyethersulfone Membranes
Authors: Ahmed I. , Idris A. , Hussain A. , Yusof Z. A. M. , Saad Khan M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPolyethersulfone (PES) dope solutions were prepared from mixtures of two solvents containing N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as core solvent and acetone as co‐solvent (CS) in a closed heating system. PES asymmetric membranes were cast by a dry/wet phase inversion process. Complete miscibility of PES with the fixed mixture of acetone and DMF under atmospheric pressure could be achieved. The kinetic and thermodynamic properties indicated that interaction of DMF and acetone is strongest when their mole ratio is unity, pointing to the phenomenon of true co‐solvency for PES dissolution. These results were supported by determination of the water uptake, contact angle measurement, and SEM analyses. Membrane performance, pore volume, and total pore volume on the membrane surface were also investigated.
Continuous Transesterification with Acidic Ionic Liquids as Homogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Kuschnerow J. C. , Titze‐Frech K. , Schulz P. S. , Wasserscheid P. , Scholl S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) are recyclable acid catalysts for transesterification reactions. In the present study, different acidic ILs were examined in this reaction, with special focus on their recyclability. Furthermore, the IL‐catalyzed transesterification reaction was realized in continuous operation. A miniplant reactor with technically representative design and operating characteristics was used for this study. The applied rig has a volume of 5 L and an external thermosyphon reboiler. The miniplant reactor can be operated in batch and in continuous mode. ILs functionalized with a sulfonic acid group were found to be the most suitable IL catalysts for the transesterification reactions under investigation. Using these ILs, reaction rates as high as for H2SO4 could be realized. Moreover, the IL catalyst was demonstrated to be active for at least 1000 h of operation time.
Unstructured deadlock detection technique with scalability and complexity‐efficiency in clouds
Authors: Lim JongBeom , Suh Taeweon , Yu Heonchang 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYTo detect deadlock in distributed systems, the initiator should construct an efficient explicit or implicit global wait‐for graph. In this paper, we present an unstructured deadlock detection algorithm using a gossip protocol in cloud computing environments, where constituting nodes may join and leave at any time. Because of the inherit properties of a gossip protocol, we argue that our proposed deadlock detection algorithm is scalable, fault‐tolerant, and efficient, retaining safety and liveness properties. The correctness proof of the algorithm is also provided. The message complexity of our proposed algorithm is O(n), where n is the number of nodes. Our performance evaluation with scalable settings shows that our approach has a significant advantage over previous deadlock detection algorithms in terms of solving scalability, fault‐tolerance, and complexity–efficiency issues. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of harvesting on spatial and temporal diversity of carbon stocks in a boreal forest landscape
Authors: Ter‐Mikaelian Michael T. , Colombo Stephen J. , Chen Jiaxin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCarbon stocks in managed forests of Ontario, Canada, and in harvested wood products originated from these forests were estimated for 2010–2100. Simulations included four future forest harvesting scenarios based on historical harvesting levels (low, average, high, and maximum available) and a no‐harvest scenario. In four harvesting scenarios, forest carbon stocks in Ontario's managed forest were estimated to range from 6202 to 6227 Mt C (millions of tons of carbon) in 2010, and from 6121 to 6428 Mt C by 2100. Inclusion of carbon stored in harvested wood products in use and in landfills changed the projected range in 2100 to 6710–6742 Mt C. For the no‐harvest scenario, forest carbon stocks were projected to change from 6246 Mt C in 2010 to 6680 Mt C in 2100. Spatial variation in projected forest carbon stocks was strongly related to changes in forest age (r = 0.603), but had weak correlation with harvesting rates. For all managed forests in Ontario combined, projected carbon stocks in combined forest and harvested wood products converged to within 2% difference by 2100. The results suggest that harvesting in the boreal forest, if applied within limits of sustainable forest management, will eventually have a relatively small effect on long‐term combined forest and wood products carbon stocks. However, there was a large time lag to approach carbon equality, with more than 90 years with a net reduction in stored carbon in harvested forests plus wood products compared to nonharvested boreal forest which also has low rates of natural disturbance. The eventual near equivalency of carbon stocks in nonharvested forest and forest that is harvested and protected from natural disturbance reflects both the accumulation of carbon in harvested wood products and the relatively young age at which boreal forest stands undergo natural succession in the absence of disturbance.
Spanish juniper gain expansion opportunities by counting on a functionally diverse dispersal assemblage community
Authors: Escribano‐Ávila Gema , Pías Beatriz , Sanz‐Pérez Virginia , Virgós Emilio , Escudero Adrián , Valladares Fernando 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSeed dispersal is typically performed by a diverse array of species assemblages with different behavioral and morphological traits which determine dispersal quality (DQ, defined as the probability of recruitment of a dispersed seed). Fate of ecosystems to ongoing environmental changes is critically dependent on dispersal and mainly on DQ in novel scenarios. We assess here the DQ, thus the multiplicative effect of germination and survival probability to the first 3 years of life, for seeds dispersed by several bird species (Turdus spp.) and carnivores (Vulpes vulpes, Martes foina) in mature woodland remnants of Spanish juniper (Juniperus thurifera) and old fields which are being colonized by this species. Results showed that DQ was similar in mature woodlands and old fields. Germination rate for seeds dispersed by carnivores (11.5%) and thrushes (9.12%) was similar, however, interacted with microhabitat suitability. Seeds dispersed by carnivores reach the maximum germination rate on shrubs (16%), whereas seeds dispersed by thrushes did on female juniper canopies (15.5) indicating that each group of dispersers performed a directed dispersal. This directional effect was diluted when survival probability was considered: thrushes selected smaller seeds which had higher mortality in the seedling stage (70%) in relation to seedlings dispersed by carnivores (40%). Overall, thrushes resulted low‐quality dispersers which provided a probability or recruitment of 2.5%, while a seed dispersed by carnivores had a probability of recruitment of 6.5%. Our findings show that generalist dispersers (i.e., carnivores) can provide a higher probability of recruitment than specialized dispersers (i.e., Turdus spp.). However, generalist species are usually opportunistic dispersers as their role as seed dispersers is dependent on the availability of trophic resources and species feeding preferences. As a result, J. thurifera dispersal community is composed by two functional groups of dispersers: specialized low‐quality but trustworthy dispersers and generalist high‐quality but opportunistic dispersers. The maintenance of both, generalist and specialist dispersers, in the dispersal assemblage community assures the dispersal services and increases the opportunities for regeneration and colonization of degraded areas under a land‐use change scenario.
Epigenetic patterns newly established after interspecific hybridization in natural populations of Solanum
Authors: Cara Nicolás , Marfil Carlos F. , Masuelli Ricardo W. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractInterspecific hybridization is known for triggering genetic and epigenetic changes, such as modifications on DNA methylation patterns and impact on phenotypic plasticity and ecological adaptation. Wild potatoes (Solanum, section Petota) are adapted to multiple habitats along the Andes, and natural hybridizations have proven to be a common feature among species of this group. Solanum × rechei, a recently formed hybrid that grows sympatrically with the parental species S. kurtzianum and S. microdontum, represents an ideal model for studying the ecologically and evolutionary importance of hybridization in generating of epigenetic variability. Genetic and epigenetic variability and their correlation with morphological variation were investigated in wild and ex situ conserved populations of these three wild potato species using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and methylation‐sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) techniques. We observed that novel methylation patterns doubled the number of novel genetic patterns in the hybrid and that the morphological variability measured on 30 characters had a higher correlation with the epigenetic than with the genetic variability. Statistical comparison of methylation levels suggested that the interspecific hybridization induces genome demethylation in the hybrids. A Bayesian analysis of the genetic data reveled the hybrid nature of S. × rechei, with genotypes displaying high levels of admixture with the parental species, while the epigenetic information assigned S. × rechei to its own cluster with low admixture. These findings suggested that after the hybridization event, a novel epigenetic pattern was rapidly established, which might influence the phenotypic plasticity and adaptation of the hybrid to new environments.
Perceived relevance of honesty and agreeableness to situations with non‐correspondent and correspondent outcomes: An interdependence perspective
Authors: Cooley Erin , Rea Andrew J. , Insko Chester A. , Payne B. Keith 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAccording to interdependence theory, interpersonal situations that vary in their surface characteristics can be united by similarities in their underlying structure. Likewise, factor analytic approaches to personality combine many traits into a small number of factors. In the current research, we use interdependence theory and existing factor analyses of personality traits to measure people's lay theories about the ways traits and situations interact. We predict that traits representative of honesty–humility/virtue will be rated as more relevant to situations with non‐correspondent outcomes (a gain in one person's outcomes is associated with a loss in the other person's outcomes) than to situations with correspondent outcomes (a gain in one person's outcomes is associated with a gain in the other person's outcomes). Conversely, we predict that traits representative of agreeableness will be rated as more relevant to situations with correspondent outcomes than to situations with non‐correspondent outcomes. An experiment found the expected trait X situation interaction revealing that subjects expect certain types of traits to be most relevant to specific types of situations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Content of Children's Loss of Control Eating Episodes Assessed by Self‐Report and Laboratory Test Meal
Authors: Theim Kelly R. , Wilfley Denise E. , Beach Elizabeth , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Goldschmidt Andrea B. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPediatric loss of control (LOC) eating heightens risk for excessive weight gain and further disordered eating. Assessment of LOC typically involves self‐report interview or laboratory test meal, although no study has concurrently examined data from both methods. We gathered eating episode data via interview (Child Eating Disorder Examination; ChEDE) and a laboratory test meal, among 22 overweight girls (aged 7–12 years) reporting LOC eating. Children consumed more energy during ChEDE episodes, although ChEDE and test meal episodes did not differ in macronutrient content. Episodes' correlation for amount consumed (grams) did not reach significance, p = .076. In exploratory analyses among the seven children reporting LOC during the test meal, episodes were significantly correlated for grams consumed. Findings provide preliminary data to suggest that semi‐structured interviews accurately capture children's LOC episode quantity. Episodes did not qualitatively differ, although children reported consuming more energy during self‐reported episodes. Replication is warranted in larger studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Ambivalence; Will I? Should I? Can I? Do I want to?†
Authors: Webster Michelle 
Published: September 2013

In all intimate relationships where difficulties are being experienced, one or both parties can feel ambivalent. Some individuals and couples resolve their ambivalence, discover lost aspects of themselves and new ways of relating, while others either remain together regardless of a satisfactory resolution, or decide to separate.In this paper I will address the nature of ambivalence and its influence and effect on individuals and couples. Understanding and working with ambivalence requires us as therapists to consider both the emotional patterns in relationships and the influence of early childhood experiences. Methods of assessing and working with ambivalence will be outlined and contra‐indications for individual and joint sessions discussed.
100% Mabo†: De‐Colonising People with Mental Illness and their Families
Authors: Rosen Alan 
Published: September 2013

Pointing the name “Mentally Ill” at people in our midst has led to some unfairly dire consequences for their lives and their families. These include: forced extrusion, separation and disconnection from their families; incarceration in remote gulags, where they may be vulnerable to physical, emotional or sexual abuse; being stigmatised and sequestered as unmarriageable moral lepers; and being dispossessed of their full humanity, through loss of their identities as people, their everyday human rights and their entitlement to full membership of their own local communities. We mental health professionals have colluded in the systematic colonising of the “mentally ill” by becoming their politically anointed custodians or foster families “for their own good”. In the process, we have inadvertently broken their spirits, disempowered them and their families, and deskilled the community from knowing how to look after their own. Aboriginal and Maori people have had to contend with this on more than one front; not only have they been dispossessed by white society but also they have often been dispossessed of appropriate and effective mental health care. It is time that all service users reclaimed title to their own mental health territory.Well, here is the news:Firstly, the consumers are coming, they are after us, and so are their families. They are challenging our descriptions, our practices and our presumptuous ownership of their lives, and settling out of court with us for joint custody will soon be unacceptable to them.Secondly, evidence is emerging that many traditional cultural dimensions of healing may well contribute to better outcomes for those with the most severe psychiatric careers or disabilities, and their families.Thirdly, these political and cultural developments are compatible with converging evidence of the best clinical practice in comprehensive local mental health services.So there is no need for professional defensiveness, or for war to be declared between idealised notions of traditional culture and modern technology. The bottom line here is that we need both to talk to each other, to synergise the effects of the best of both, just as we need service users, families providers, health management, and local communities to engage each other in “seeking common ground”. De‐colonising of the mentally ill, like the dismantling of apartheid, is not without its dangers of backlash. But with an orderly transition of power it could be mutually rewarding, and may well signal a renewal and rebirth of the more caring community.
A Philosophic Stance, Ethics and Therapy An Interview with Harlene Anderson
Authors: Holmes Sophie 
Published: September 2013

Harlene Anderson is director of the Houston Galveston Institute. With her late colleague Harry Goolishian she challenged family therapy theory, proposing that as therapists we consider theoretical metaphors based on language and social constructionism, and in effect has moved family therapy in a new direction.The physical and conversational context of interview was the Lofoten Islands, 300 km inside the Arctic circle, Far Northern Norway on the night after Mid Summer's Night, 24th June 1993. Tom Andersen was the host for several days to a gathering called Constructed Realities; Therapy Theory and Research. The aim of the gathering was to explore the concept of Knowledge in the fields of psychiatry, psychology, teaching and social work. The focus was to provide a bridge between the ‘practical’ and the ‘theoretical’ discourses around knowledge and the creation of the knowledge. There were eight main issues around which the conversations revolved — 1) Knowledge: One or Many? 2) Multiple Realities and the Therapeutic Process 3) Human Understanding 4) Language and the Construction of Self 5) Research Alternatives 6) Qualitative Research in Clinical Work 7) Feminist Issues in Theory and Research 8) Power, Ethics and Practice. Harlene Andersen has written extensively on many of these subjects taking a constructivist position and was central to the numerous conversations. She was also one of the prime movers in putting together such a challenging and multi‐disciplinary conversation.In conjunction with Harry Goolishian, Harlene Andersen has proposed that what we call ‘problems' are created in language and are dissolved in language. Her interests are in the multiple realities that come to an intersection in a therapeutic conversation and how a therapist can engage with a client to open the possibility for the client to create and find some changes in his/her life. She takes the position that in order for a therapist to be helpful to his/her client, conversational space needs to be created that makes room for the exploration of the client's beliefs and realities. An essential element in this process of creating conversational space is the therapist taking a position of not knowing, of uncertainty, of exploring and making room for the client to talk about what is important for him/her to talk about and not for the therapist to lead from a position of knowing what is best for the client.Harlene Andersen is regarded as a leading theorist and clinician in the therapeutic community who is exploring the broad concept of therapy as a collaborative process at many levels. She is one of the major presenters at the forthcoming New Voices in Human Systems conference hosted by Lynn Hoffman in Northampton, Massachusetts in October 1994.
Towards Balancing Power in Domestic Violence Relationships Response to Shaw & Pye
Authors: Wileman Robin , Wileman Bud 
Published: September 2013

In contrast to Shaw and Pye, Wileman and Wileman argue that women are not powerless to influence positive change in relationships involving domestic violence.A balance of power can be attained by many women, without increasing the risk of retaliatory abuse, providing the authors' guidelines are observed.It is time to acknowledge and validate the rights and wishes of the many women victims who want their relationships to survive and the violence to stop.
The long‐term impact of tissue injury on pain processing and modulation: A study on ex‐prisoners of war who underwent torture
Authors: Defrin R. , Ginzburg K. , Mikulincer M. , Solomon Z. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundTissue injury may, in some instances, induce chronic pain lasting for decades. Torture survivors suffer from high rates of chronic pain and hypersensitivity in the previously injured regions. Whether torture survivors display generalized alterations in pain perception and modulation, and whether such alterations underlie their chronic pain is unknown. We aimed at exploring the long‐term alterations in pain perception and modulation in torture survivors.MethodsIn order to address these questions, a systematic quantitative somatosensory evaluation was performed in individuals (n = 60) who suffer from chronic pain, and who, decades previously, were tortured, resulting in substantial tissue damage. These individuals were compared with age‐ and sex‐matched individuals (n = 44) of similar background. Testing included the measurement of pain threshold and pain tolerance, perceived suprathreshold stimuli, conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and temporal summation of pain (TSP) in intact body regions.ResultsChronic pain was found highly prevalent (86.6%) among torture survivors, who exhibited higher suprathreshold pain ratings (p < 0.05), poorer CPM (p < 0.0001) and stronger TSP (p < 0.0001) than controls. Significant differences in CPM and TSP were also found between torture survivors and controls with chronic pain. Chronic pain intensity among torture survivors correlated negatively with the magnitude of CPM (r = −0.47, p < 0.01).ConclusionsTorture appears to induce generalized dysfunctional pain modulation that may underlie the intense chronic pain experienced by torture survivors decades after torture. The results may be generalized to instances where chronic pain exists for decades after severe injury in non‐tortured populations and emphasize the importance of preventive care.
Does high blood pressure reduce the risk of chronic low back pain? The Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study
Authors: Heuch I. , Heuch I. , Hagen K. , Zwart J.A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies have suggested inverse relationships between blood pressure and prevalence of conditions such as migraine and headache. It is not yet clear whether similar relationships can be established for back pain in particular in prospective studies.MethodsAssociations between blood pressure and chronic low back pain were explored in the cross‐sectional HUNT 2 survey of a Norwegian county in 1995–1997, including 39,872 individuals who never used antihypertensive medication. A prospective study, comprising 17,209 initially back pain‐free individuals and 5740 individuals reporting low back pain, was established by re‐examinations in the HUNT 3 survey in 2006–2008. Associations were assessed by logistic regression with respect to systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure, with adjustment for education, work status, physical activity, smoking, body mass and lipid levels.ResultsIn the cross‐sectional study, all three blood pressure measures showed inverse relationships with prevalence of low back pain in both sexes. In the prospective study of disease‐free women, baseline pulse pressure and systolic pressure were inversely associated with risk of low back pain [odds ratio (OR) 0.93 per 10 mm Hg increase in pulse pressure, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89–0.98, p = 0.007; OR 0.95 per 10 mm Hg increase in systolic pressure, 95% CI 0.92–0.99, p = 0.005]. Results among men were equivocal. No associations were indicated with the occurrence of pain in individuals with low back pain at baseline.ConclusionsResults for low back pain are consistent with the theory of hypertension‐associated hypalgesia, predicting diminished pain sensitivity with increasing blood pressure, possibly with modified reactions in people suffering from long‐lasting pain.