bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive prognosis in endometriosis. A national cohort study
Authors: Hjordt Hansen Maj V. , Dalsgaard Torur , Hartwell Dorthe , Skovlund Charlotte W. , Lidegaard Øjvind 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the reproductive long‐term prognosis of women with and without endometriosis, to explore changes over time, and to quantify the contribution of artificial reproductive techniques.DesignCohort study.SettingDenmark 1977–2009.SampleData retrieved from four national registries. Among 15–49‐year‐old women during the period 1977–82, 24 667 were diagnosed with endometriosis and 98 668 (1:4) women without endometriosis were age‐matched.MethodsTo assess long‐term reproductive prognosis, all pregnancy outcomes were identified among the women with and without endometriosis until the end of 2009. To explore changes over time, the endometriosis cohorts were followed for 15 years from the years 1980, 1986, 1992 and 1998, with the corresponding control cohorts. All pregnancy outcomes were categorized into naturally or artificially conceived pregnancies.Main outcome measuresBirths, miscarriages, induced abortions, ectopic pregnancies and hydatidiform moles.ResultsCompared with women without endometriosis, women with endometriosis had a lowered relative risk for childbirth of 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.92–0.95), for miscarriages the relative risk was 1.2 (95% confidence interval 1.2–1.3), ectopic pregnancies were almost twice as many (relative risk 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.8–2.1), while frequencies of induced abortions were equivalent. The chances for childbirth increased over time from 0.82 to 0.92 (p < 0.001) with successive cohorts, but this was restricted to pregnancies from assisted reproduction.ConclusionWomen with endometriosis have slightly fewer children, but this lessened over time due to artificially conceived pregnancies. The risk for miscarriages and ectopic pregnancies was increased compared with women without the disease.
Pelvic arterial embolization in severe obstetric hemorrhage
Authors: Grönvall Maiju , Tikkanen Minna , Metsätähti Maarika , Loukovaara Mikko , Paavonen Jorma , Stefanovic Vedran 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMassive postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major life‐threatening complication. When conventional management fails, pelvic arterial embolization (PAE) can be used. The aim of our study was to find out the success rate of PAE in cases of acute PPH, and to study the safety of this procedure in a retrospective case series from a tertiary teaching hospital. Forty‐five women with acute PPH were managed by PAE. Hospital charts were reviewed. The most common causes of PPH in cases treated with PAE were lower genital tract injury (40%), placental retention (36%) and uterine atony (13%). The overall success rate was 89%. Five of the 45 women needed additional procedures. The overall complication rate was 9%. We conclude that PAE is a safe and effective procedure for PPH and may prevent hysterectomy.
Establishment of a validated training programme on the Eyesi cataract simulator. A prospective randomized study
Authors: Bergqvist Joel , Person Anna , Vestergaard Anders , Grauslund Jakob 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPurposeTo establish and evaluate a systematic training programme to be included into the ophthalmologic resident curriculum.MethodsMedical students (n = 20) within a year from graduation and with no previous ophthalmic experience were included in this prospective study and randomized into two groups. Group A (n = 10) completed the Eyesi cataract simulator training programme once a week for 4 weeks, while Group B (n = 10) completed it once a week at the first and the last week. Two cataract surgeons were used to determine two different levels of reference scores. Score per analysed module [two different levels of Capsulorhexis (A and B), Hydromaneuver, Phaco divide and conquer], Overall score, Total time, Cornea injury, Capsule rupture and Capsule damage by ultrasound were recorded.ResultsGroup A outperformed Group B in several modules, reached a significant higher number of reference scores (p < 0.01) and caused fewer complications with regard to Capsule rupture (p = 0.01) and Capsule damage by ultrasound (p < 0.05). Both Groups A and B improved their performance and also became more time efficient (p < 0.01 for both groups). Group A showed positive learning curves for Overall score (p < 0.01), Capsulorhexis A (p < 0.01), Capsulorhexis B (p < 0.01) and Hydromaneuver (p = 0.01). Group B showed a significant improvement for Overall score (p < 0.01), Hydromaneuver (p = 0.02) and Phaco divide and conquer (p < 0.01).ConclusionRepetitive training with a systematic training programme, based on validated modules in the Eyesi simulator, was shown to improve simulated cataract surgery skills. Higher level of skills and more reference scores were reached with more training. Furthermore, the programme was optimized to be applied into the standard ophthalmological curriculum for cataract surgery training.
Pitavastatin is a more sensitive and selective organic anion‐transporting polypeptide 1B clinical probe than rosuvastatin
Authors: Prueksaritanont Thomayant , Chu Xiaoyan , Evers Raymond , Klopfer Stephanie O. , Caro Luzelena , Kothare Prajakti A. , Dempsey Cynthia , Rasmussen Scott , Houle Robert , Chan Grace , Cai Xiaoxin , Valesky Robert , Fraser Iain P. , Stoch S. Aubrey 
Published: March 2014

AimsRosuvastatin and pitavastatin have been proposed as probe substrates for the organic anion‐transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B, but clinical data on their relative sensitivity and selectivity to OATP1B inhibitors are lacking. A clinical study was therefore conducted to determine their relative suitability as OATP1B probes using single oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) doses of the OATP1B inhibitor rifampicin, accompanied by a comprehensive in vitro assessment of rifampicin inhibitory potential on statin transporters.MethodsThe clinical study comprised of two separate panels of eight healthy subjects. In each panel, subjects were randomized to receive a single oral dose of rosuvastatin (5 mg) or pitavastatin (1 mg) administered alone, concomitantly with rifampicin (600 mg) PO or IV. The in vitro transporter studies were performed using hepatocytes and recombinant expression systems.ResultsRifampicin markedly increased exposures of both statins, with greater differential increases after PO vs. IV rifampicin only for rosuvastatin. The magnitudes of the increases in area under the plasma concentration–time curve were 5.7‐ and 7.6‐fold for pitavastatin and 4.4‐ and 3.3‐fold for rosuvastatin, after PO and IV rifampicin, respectively. In vitro studies showed that rifampicin was an inhibitor of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, breast cancer resistance protein and multidrug resistance protein 2, but not of organic anion transporter 3.ConclusionsThe results indicate that pitavastatin is a more sensitive and selective and thus preferred clinical OATP1B probe substrate than rosuvastatin, and that a single IV dose of rifampicin is a more selective OATP1B inhibitor than a PO dose.
Children's Judgments About Prosocial Decisions and Emotions: Gender of the Helper and Recipient Matters
Authors: Weller Drika , Lagattuta Kristin Hansen 
Published: March 2014

Children ages 5–13 years (N = 82) responded to prosocial and prohibitive moral dilemmas featuring characters whose desires conflicted with another person's need for help or ownership rights. The gender of the characters matched for half the trials (in‐group version) and mismatched for the other half (out‐group version). Both boys and girls judged that people would more likely help and not harm the gender in‐group versus out‐group. Only girls exhibited gender bias in emotion attributions, expecting girls to feel happier helping girls and better ignoring the needs of boys. With increasing age, children exhibited greater awareness of the emotional benefits of prosocial sacrifice and made stronger distinctions by need level when evaluating prosocial decisions, obligations, and permissibility.
Integrating Biological and Social Values When Prioritizing Places for Biodiversity Conservation
Authors: WHITEHEAD AMY L. , KUJALA HEINI , IVES CHRISTOPHER D. , GORDON ASCELIN , LENTINI PIA E. , WINTLE BRENDAN A. , NICHOLSON EMILY , RAYMOND CHRISTOPHER M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe consideration of information on social values in conjunction with biological data is critical for achieving both socially acceptable and scientifically defensible conservation planning outcomes. However, the influence of social values on spatial conservation priorities has received limited attention and is poorly understood. We present an approach that incorporates quantitative data on social values for conservation and social preferences for development into spatial conservation planning. We undertook a public participation GIS survey to spatially represent social values and development preferences and used species distribution models for 7 threatened fauna species to represent biological values. These spatially explicit data were simultaneously included in the conservation planning software Zonation to examine how conservation priorities changed with the inclusion of social data. Integrating spatially explicit information about social values and development preferences with biological data produced prioritizations that differed spatially from the solution based on only biological data. However, the integrated solutions protected a similar proportion of the species’ distributions, indicating that Zonation effectively combined the biological and social data to produce socially feasible conservation solutions of approximately equivalent biological value. We were able to identify areas of the landscape where synergies and conflicts between different value sets are likely to occur. Identification of these synergies and conflicts will allow decision makers to target communication strategies to specific areas and ensure effective community engagement and positive conservation outcomes.Integración de Valores Biológicos y Sociales al Priorizar Sitios para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad
Cobalt skin dose resulting from short and repetitive contact with hard metals
Authors: Midander Klara , Julander Anneli , Skare Lizbet , Lidén Carola 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBackgroundMany daily contacts with metallic items are short and repetitive, and result in metal release; material, sweat, friction and wear may all be important.ObjectivesTo study cobalt release and skin deposition as a result of many short and repetitive contacts with two cobalt‐containing materials.Materials/methodsStudy participants (n = 5) handled two types of hard metal disc (Co 6% and Co 15% Cr 0.6%) for 30 min. Deposited cobalt skin doses were measured with acid wipe sampling and chemical analysis. Cobalt release from the hard metal discs in artificial sweat was measured under conditions simulating those present during the handling of discs.ResultsAverage cobalt skin doses from discs containing 6% Co and 15% Co 0.6% Cr were 1.1 µg/cm2 [standard deviation (SD) 0.4 µg/cm2] and 0.7 µg/cm2 (SD 0.5 µg/cm2), respectively. More cobalt was released from hard metal discs containing 6% Co [11.4 µg/cm2 (SD 1.2 µg/cm2)] than from discs containing 15% Co 0.6% Cr [4.8 µg/cm2 (SD 0.6 µg/cm2)]. 10% to 15% of the potentially available cobalt was deposited on the skin during handling.ConclusionsIt is likely that the cobalt deposited as a result of short and repetitive contact with hard metals may cause harm. Research regarding cobalt exposure, metal release and the deposition of skin‐sensitizing metals resulting from short and repetitive contact is needed for a better understanding of the allergy risk.
A REVISION OF PASSIFLORA SECTION DYSOSMIA
Authors: Vanderplank John 
Published: March 2014

SummaryRevision of Passiflora subgenus Passiflora section Dysosmia DC. (Passifloraceae). The twenty one species and 10 varieties (31 taxa) comprising subgenus Passiflora section Dysosmia DC are described and some are illustrated with photographs and line drawings. Two species, Passiflora vesicaria L. and Passiflora ciliata (Dryand) Mast., are removed from synonymy and reinstated to species rank. Passiflora baraquiniana Lemaire is removed from synonymy and given varietal status. The species Passiflora santiagana (Killip) Borhidi is reduced in rank to varietal status. Of the 38 varieties of Passiflora foetida L. described by E. P. Killip in his 1938 monograph, 28 are reduced to synonymy, four are reassigned as varieties of other species and four remain as varieties of P. foetida. A new variety, Passiflora foetida var. ellisonii Vanderplank, is described with photographs and line drawings.
Quantifying fish avoidance of small acoustic survey vessels in boreal lakes and reservoirs
Authors: Wheeland Laura J. , Rose George A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMobile hydroacoustic surveys are increasingly used to assess the distribution and abundance of freshwater fish; yet, fish may avoid moving vessels, potentially introducing bias in these assessments. In this study, avoidance in boreal lakes and reservoirs was quantified by developing a simple method based on paired drift:drift (D:D) and drift:motor (D:M) transects. Two systems in eastern Manitoba, Canada were studied: Lac du Bonnet reservoir and Nopiming. Acoustic data were collected using a digital DTX echosounder (BioSonics, Seattle, WA, USA), with a downward facing 200‐kHz split‐beam transducer, deployed from 5.5‐m vessels (Boston Whalers) modified for acoustic research. An avoidance coefficient (Ac) was developed based on comparisons of acoustic fish densities while the vessel moved over the same transects by drifting, and by motoring at survey speeds. Ac did not differ significantly from 1 (no avoidance) at Nopiming (median of 0.81, n = 13), but did at Lac du Bonnet (median of 0.51, n = 31, P < 0.05). Variability in Ac was as high in transect pairs and was unrelated to fish depth (mean 6.9 m at Lac du Bonnet; 13.1 m at Nopiming) or survey speed (up to 3.70 m·s−1, 7 knots). Results indicated that fishes did not dive in the presence of the motoring vessel, nor was avoidance size‐based. We did not detect any evidence of fish attraction to our drifting vessel. Our results suggest that boat avoidance during acoustic surveys of shallow boreal lakes may vary in relatively similar water bodies but can be quantified experimentally.
Monocyte‐derived dendritic cells from chronic myeloid leukaemia have abnormal maturation and cytoskeletal function that is associated with defective localisation and signalling by normal ABL1 protein
Authors: Brown Sarah , Hutchinson Claire V. , Aspinall‐O'Dea Mark , Whetton Anthony D. , Johnson Suzanne M. , Rees‐Unwin Karen , Burthem John 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectivesMature dendritic cells (DCs) may be derived from the BCR/ABL1 expressing monocytes in chronic myeloid leukaemia. These cells have potential therapeutic applications, but are recognised to have defective function. In normal DCs, activation and maturation depend on ABL1 dependent signals. We therefore tested the hypothesis that in the DCs of chronic myeloid leukaemia, the presence of the BCR/ABL1 molecule disrupts normal ABL1 signal pathways, and contributes to the observed functional defects of the cells.MethodsWe employed in vitro culture of clinical samples, combining microscopic and biochemical techniques with a phosphoproteomic approach to compare and characterise DCs from normal individuals and chronic myeloid leukaemia patients.Results and conclusionsWe identified an altered intracellular localisation for ABL1 within DCs derived from the monocytes of chronic myeloid leukaemia. The protein was found in the perinuclear region co‐distributed with the adapter‐protein CRKL and the BCR/ABL1 protein. This altered distribution was associated with defective generation of ABL1‐dependent maturation signals, and a dislocation of ABL1 from the F‐actin cytoskeleton. We suggest that abnormal ABL1‐dependent signals contribute to the recognised functional defects affecting chronic myeloid leukaemia DCs.
Decanucleotide insertion polymorphism of F7 significantly influences the risk of thrombosis in patients with essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Buxhofer‐Ausch Veronika , Olcaydu Damla , Gisslinger Bettina , Schalling Martin , Frantal Sophie , Thiele Jürgen , Müllauer Leonhard , Kvasnicka Hans‐Michael , Watzke Herbert , Kralovics Robert , Gisslinger Heinz 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveThere is strong evidence that certain thrombophilic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) account for an increased risk of thrombosis. The additive impact of inherited thrombotic risk factors to a certain disease‐ immanent thrombotic risk is vastly unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the influence of three novel, preselectedSNPs on the risk of thrombosis in patients diagnosed with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN).MethodIn 167 patients with a diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia (ET) or prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis (PMF) thrombophilicSNPs in the genes of factorVII(F7), nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) and FcɣRIIa (FCGR2A) were determined. Subsequently, the polymorphic variants were correlated with the incidence of major thrombosis after diagnosis.ResultsDecanucleotide insertion polymorphism of F7 emerged as an independent, significant risk factor for total thrombosis and arterial thrombosis in particular in the whole group of patients (P = 0.0007) as well as in the separate analysis of patients withET(P = 0.0002).ConclusionOur results illustrate that the risk of thrombosis inMPNis significantly multiplied by inherited thrombophilicSNPs. This result points to the importance of a combined consideration of the inherited and the acquired hypercoagulable state in patients withMPN. Larger studies are needed to confirm and extend these important findings.
Decision and action planning signals in human posterior parietal cortex during delayed perceptual choices
Authors: Tosoni Annalisa , Corbetta Maurizio , Calluso Cinzia , Committeri Giorgia , Pezzulo Giovanni , Romani G. L. , Galati Gaspare 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDuring simple perceptual decisions, sensorimotor neurons in monkey fronto‐parietal cortex represent a decision variable that guides the transformation of sensory evidence into a motor response, supporting the view that mechanisms for decision‐making are closely embedded within sensorimotor structures. Within these structures, however, decision signals can be dissociated from motor signals, thus indicating that sensorimotor neurons can play multiple and independent roles in decision‐making and action selection/planning. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine whether response‐selective human brain areas encode signals for decision‐making or action planning during a task requiring an arbitrary association between face pictures (male vs. female) and specific actions (saccadic eye vs. hand pointing movements). The stimuli were gradually unmasked to stretch the time necessary for decision, thus maximising the temporal separation between decision and action planning. Decision‐related signals were measured in parietal and motor/premotor regions showing a preference for the planning/execution of saccadic or pointing movements. In a parietal reach region, decision‐related signals were specific for the stimulus category associated with its preferred pointing response. By contrast, a saccade‐selective posterior intraparietal sulcus region carried decision‐related signals even when the task required a pointing response. Consistent signals were observed in the motor/premotor cortex. Whole‐brain analyses indicated that, in our task, the most reliable decision signals were found in the same neural regions involved in response selection. However, decision‐ and action‐related signals within these regions can be dissociated. Differences between the parietal reach region and posterior intraparietal sulcus plausibly depend on their functional specificity rather than on the task structure.
Association between cortical volume loss and cognitive impairments in essential tremor
Authors: Bhalsing K. S. , Upadhyay N. , Kumar K. J. , Saini J. , Yadav R. , Gupta A. K. , Pal P. K. 
Published: March 2014

Background and purposeImpairment of cognitive functions occurs in essential tremor (ET) although the mechanism is largely unknown. A possible association between cognitive performance and brain atrophy in ET patients was examined using neuropsychological tests and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM).MethodsTwenty‐five patients with ET and 25 matched healthy controls were evaluated. ET was diagnosed using the National Institutes of Health collaborative genetic criteria. Severity of tremor was assessed using the Fahn−Tolosa−Marin (FTM) tremor rating scale. Subjects were assessed using a structured neuropsychological battery. Brain images were acquired using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. VBM analysis was performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping 8.ResultsThe age of the patients was 45.0 ± 10.7 years and of controls 45.4 ± 10.7 years. Tremor duration was 9.84 ± 6.63 years and total FTM score was 37.34 ± 17.67. Patients were divided into two groups: ETCI with cognitive impairment (three or more abnormal neuropsychological tests, 1.5 standard deviation criterion) and ETNCI without cognitive impairment. Compared with controls, the ETCI group had significantly impaired performance in neuropsychological tests. One‐way analysis of variance was performed between the three groups (ETCI, ETNCI, controls) followed by the two‐sample t test. Compared with controls, grey matter volume (GMV) loss was observed in ETCI in the cerebellum (anterior and posterior lobes) and medial frontal gyrus. GMV loss was observed in ETCI compared with ETNCI in the medial frontal gyrus, post central gyrus, anterior cingulate and insula. Impairment in neuropsychological tests significantly correlated with GMV of the medial frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobe, middle temporal gyrus, occipital lobe, lentiform nucleus, insular and cingulate cortices and cerebellum posterior lobe in ETCI.ConclusionsA correlation between neurocognitive deficits in ETCI and GMV was observed suggesting that grey matter atrophy appears to be a correlate of cognitive impairment in ET.