bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and simulation of bi‐continuous jammed emulsion membrane reactors for enhanced biphasic enzymatic reactions
Authors: Ghoreishee Aref , Lee Daeyeon , Papavassiliou Dimitrios , Stebe Kathleen , Soroush Masoud 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBi‐continuous jammed emulsion (bijel) membrane reactors, integrating simultaneous reaction and separation, offer a promising avenue for enhancing membrane reactor processes. In this study, we present a comprehensive macroscopic‐scale physicochemical model for tubular bijel membrane reactors and a numerical solution strategy for solving the governing partial differential equations. The model captures the co‐continuous network of two immiscible phases stabilized by nanoparticles at the liquid–liquid interface. We present the derivation of model equations and an efficient numerical solution strategy. The model is validated with experimental results from a conventional enzymatic biphasic membrane reactor for oleuropein hydrolysis, already reported in the literature. Simulation results indicate accurate prediction of reactor behavior, highlighting the potential superiority of bijel membrane reactors over current technologies. This research contributes a valuable tool for scale‐up, design, and optimization of bijel membrane reactors, filling a critical gap in this emerging field.
Clinical, genetic, and neuroimaging profiles of autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 4 caused by novel VPS13D variants in Chinese
Authors: Dong Yue , Jia Milan , Tan Shuang , Li Xu‐Ying , Song Yang , Wang Xianling , Wang Zhanjun , Wang Chaodong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAutosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxias (SCARs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders. VPS13D gene is currently the only gene associated with autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 4 (SCAR4), also known as VPS13D dyskinesia. SCAR4 is a rare inherited disease, with only 34 reported cases reported worldwide. In this study, we reported three independent SCAR4 cases with adolescent onsets caused by five novel variants of the VPS13D gene. Each patient carried one frameshift and one missense variant: Patient 1 with c.10474del and c.9734C > A (p.Leu3492Tyrfs*43 and p.Thr3245Asn), Patient 2 with c.6094_6107delGTTCTCTTGATCCC and c.9734C > A (p.Val2032Argfs*7 and p.Thr3245Asn), and Patient 3 with c.11954_11963del and c.9833 T > G (p.Phe3985Serfs*10 and p.Ile3278Ser). Two of the three patients shared nystagmus with an identical variant c.9734C > A. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated thoracic spinal atrophy in all three patients and corpus callosum atrophy in one patient, along with other typical manifestations of white matter degradation, cerebral atrophy, and cerebellar atrophy. These findings expanded the genetic, clinical, and neuroimaging spectrum of SCAR4, and provided new insights into the genetic counseling, molecular mechanisms, and differential diagnosis of the disease.
Cognitive performance of grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) during a discrimination learning task: Effect of the emotional valence of stimuli
Authors: Mortessagne E. , Bovet D. , Nozières C. , Pouydebat E. , Pifferi F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEmotions are omnipresent in many animals' lives. It is a complex concept that encompasses physiological, subjective, behavioural and cognitive aspects. While the complex relationship between emotion and cognition has been well studied in humans and in some nonhuman primates, it remains rather unexplored for other nonhuman primate species, such as lemurs. In our study, we evaluated the performance of N = 48 grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) in a discrimination learning task using visual emotional stimuli. We tested whether the type of visual stimulus (positive, negative or neutral) influenced the cognitive performance of mouse lemurs. Individuals had to learn to discriminate between two platforms according to the associated visual stimuli and to jump to the target platform (leading to a reward). Our main finding was that emotional stimuli, whether positive or negative in valence, impaired cognitive performance when used as a target. Specifically, the lowest success rate occurred when the target was associated with the emotional stimuli, and the highest success rate occurred when it was associated with neutral stimuli. Our results show a similar pattern to that found in other primate species and support the adaptive role of emotion. Our results also support that individual differences could be a factor impacting the relation between emotion and cognition. This study is the first to explore how emotions interfere with the cognitive abilities of a lemur species and highlights the importance of acknowledging emotion in mouse lemurs as well as studying the emotion‐cognition interaction in a wider range of primate species.
Ultrasound imaging of the femoral and saphenous nerves
Authors: Fenech Michelle , Roche Bridie , Boyle Jerome 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionIatrogenic and traumatic injuries to the femoral and saphenous nerves, and their branches are uncommon but can be a cause of clinically pertinent lower limb dysfunction and neuralgia. Despite this, direct sonographic imaging of these nerves is not commonly requested or performed.MethodsA review of the literature regarding the detailed relative anatomy, sonographic technique to image these nerves and their branches and their normal and abnormal appearances was conducted.DiscussionThese nerves are often in the direct imaging field of many ultrasound examinations including the assessment of the groin and lower limb vasculature and musculoskeletal studies. They can become entrapped at certain points throughout their path, where particular attention should be provided to these nerves.ConclusionImproved knowledge regarding the sonographic imaging of the femoral and saphenous nerves and their branches can assist identification and discrimination between normal and abnormal appearances, and subsequent ultrasound‐guided nerve blockades or radiofrequency ablations for pain management where required.
Acute aortic occlusion: A point‐of‐care ultrasound case report
Authors: Newman Erin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionAcute aortic occlusion (AAO) is a rare vascular emergency with significant associated morbidity and mortalityMethodsThis case report discusses a 39‐year‐old gentleman with methamphetamine‐associated cardiomyopathy (MACM) who presented with bilateral lower limb ischaemia. A POCUS was performed to rapidly evaluate the patient on arrival, which demonstrated AAO. A literature review was conducted to identify similar cases where AAO was detected by POCUS.ResultsPOCUS showed a left ventricular thrombus (LVT), an embolus in the distal abdominal aorta and no flow distal to the embolus, which is consistent with AAO. The patient was successfully reperfused and had a good outcome after a timely diagnosis and management.DiscussionThis case report outlines a rare pathology in an uncommon age group where POCUS can expedite diagnosis and management.ConclusionPOCUS is a valuable tool, which can expedite and facilitate rapid revascularisation of AAO.
SRPK3 Is Essential for Cognitive and Ocular Development in Humans and Zebrafish, Explaining X‐Linked Intellectual Disability
Authors: Roychaudhury Arkaprava , Lee Yu‐Ri , Choi Tae‐Ik , Thomas Mervyn G. , Khan Tahir N. , Yousaf Hammad , Skinner Cindy , Maconachie Gail , Crosier Moira , Horak Holli , Constantinescu Cris S. , Kim Tae‐Yoon , Lee Kang‐Han , Kyung Jae‐Jun , Wang Tao , Ku Bonsu , Chodirker Bernard N. , Hammer Michael F. , Gottlob Irene , Norton William H. J. , Gerlai Robert , Kim Hyung‐Goo , Graziano Claudio , Pippucci Tommaso , Iovino Emanuela , Montanari Francesca , Severi Giulia , Toro Camilo , Boerkoel Cornelius F. , Cha Hyo Sun , Choi Cheol Yong , Kim Sungjin , Yoon Je‐Hyun , Gilmore Kelly , Vora Neeta L. , Davis Erica E. , Chudley Albert E. , Schwartz Charles E. , Kim Cheol‐Hee 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveIntellectual disability is often the outcome of neurodevelopmental disorders and is characterized by significant impairments in intellectual and adaptive functioning. X‐linked intellectual disability (XLID) is a subset of these disorders caused by genetic defects on the X chromosome, affecting about 2 out of 1,000 males. In syndromic form, it leads to a broad range of cognitive, behavioral, ocular, and physical disabilities.MethodsEmploying exome or genome sequencing, here we identified 4 missense variants (c.475C > G; p.H159D, c.1373C > A; p.T458N, and c.1585G > A; p.E529K, c.953C > T; p.S318L) and a putative truncating variant (c.1413_1414del; p.Y471*) in the SRPK3 gene in 9 XLID patients from 5 unrelated families. To validate SRPK3 as a novel XLID gene, we established a knockout (KO) model of the SRPK3 orthologue in zebrafish.ResultsThe 8 patients ascertained postnatally shared common clinical features including intellectual disability, agenesis of the corpus callosum, abnormal eye movement, and ataxia. A ninth case, ascertained prenatally, had a complex structural brain phenotype. Together, these data indicate a pathological role of SRPK3 in neurodevelopmental disorders. In post‐fertilization day 5 larvae (free swimming stage), KO zebrafish exhibited severe deficits in eye movement and swim bladder inflation, mimicking uncontrolled ocular movement and physical clumsiness observed in human patients. In adult KO zebrafish, cerebellar agenesis and behavioral abnormalities were observed, recapitulating human phenotypes of cerebellar atrophy and intellectual disability.InterpretationOverall, these results suggest a crucial role of SRPK3 in the pathogenesis of syndromic X‐linked intellectual disability and provide new insights into brain development, cognitive and ocular dysfunction in both humans and zebrafish. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:914–931
Diagnostic MRI Score to Differentiate Susac Syndrome from Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Marrodan Mariano , Calandri Ismael L. , Bocancea Diana I. , Ysrraelit Maria C. , Gomez Figueroa Enrique , Massó Páez Montserrat , Flores José D.J. , Rojas Juan I. , Ciampi Ethel , Ioli Pablo , Zanga Gisela , Ardohain Carolina , Fracaro Maria E. , Amaya Mariela , Tkachuk Verónica , Fernandez Victoria C. , José Gustavo , Silva Emanuel , Luetic Geraldine , Carnero Contentti Edgar , Köhler Eduardo , Pagani Cassara Fatima , Moran Dolores , Seimandi Carla , Paviolo Juan P. , D'elio Brenda , Da Prat Gustavo , Gatto Emilia , Cristiano Edgardo , Pujol Lereis Virginia , Ameriso Sebastian F. , Fiol Marcela P. , Correale Jorge 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveSusac syndrome (SuS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) present diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical features. We aimed to enhance diagnostic precision by developing the SPAMS (SuS, PACNS, MS) score, a practical radiological tool.MethodsThis multicenter study included 99 patients (43 SuS, 37 MS, 19 PACNS) from South American countries. Relevant MRI features were identified through an elastic‐net model determined key variables.ResultsThe SPAMS score assigned 2 points for snowball lesions, 1 point for spokes‐like lesions, or if there are more than 4 lesions in the corpus callosum, corpus callosum involvement, or cerebellar involvement. It subtracted 1 point if gadolinium‐enhancing lesions or 4 points if Dawson's fingers are present. Bootstrapping validated the optimal cutoff at 2 points, exhibiting a diagnostic performance of area under the curve = 0.931, sensitivity = 88%, specificity = 89%, positive predictive value = 88%, negative predictive value = 89%, and accuracy = 88%.InterpretationWhen specific MRI findings coexisted, the SPAMS score differentiated SuS from MS and PACNS. Access to MRI and standard protocol sequences makes it a valuable tool for timely diagnosis and treatment, potentially preventing disability progression and severe clinical outcomes. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:846–854
Chemisch regulierte dynamische kombinatorische Peptid‐Bibliotheken
Authors: Späth Fabian , Soria‐Carrera Héctor , Stasi Michele , Sastre Judit , Kriebisch Brigitte A. K. , Boekhoven Job 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn der dynamischen kombinatorischen Chemie (DCC) werden Bibliotheken von Molekülen erzeugt, die sich in einer dynamischen kombinatorischen Bibliothek ständig verändern. Wenn sich ein Mitglied der Bibliothek selbst zusammenlagert, kann es die Gleichgewichte verschieben, was zu neuen Phänomenen wie Selektion oder sogar Replikation führt. Solche dynamischen kombinatorischen Bibliotheken arbeiten jedoch in der Regel im oder nahe am Gleichgewicht. In dieser Arbeit wird eine neue dynamische kombinatorische Chemie vorgestellt, die durch einen katalytischen Reaktionszyklus angetrieben wird, der transiente Makrozyklen auf Peptidbasis außerhalb des Gleichgewichts bildet. Die Produkte in dieser Bibliothek existieren außerhalb des Gleichgewichts auf Kosten eines Energieträgers und werden daher durch Kinetik und Thermodynamik reguliert. Durch die Schaffung einer chemisch regulierten dynamischen kombinatorischen Bibliothek mit dem riesigen Strukturangebot der Aminosäuren haben wir das Flüssig‐Flüssig‐Phasentrennungsverhalten der Bibliotheksmitglieder untersucht. Diese Studie bringt DCCs hervor, deren Peptidstrukturen so gestaltet werden können, dass sie das Verhalten der dynamischen Bibliothek steuerbar machen. Die Arbeit ebnet den Weg für neuartige, kontrollierbare Materialsysteme, die Verhalten und Eigenschaften zeigen, die an biologische Systeme erinnern. Diese Erkenntnisse sind relevant für die Entwicklung neuartiger Materialien und für das Verständnis über die Chemie des Lebens.
Alder‐Ene Reaction‐Mediated Suppression of Tin(II) Oxidation for Efficient Tin‐Lead Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yan Wenjian , Zhu Mingzhe , Xin Feifei , Zhou Zhongmin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite numerous studies have reported the inhibition of tin (II) oxidation in mixed tin‐lead halide perovskite, there remains a dearth of mechanistic information regarding how tin (II) undergoes oxidation in the precursor solution, particularly in terms of the involvement of DMSO. We here take advantage of density functional theory (DFT) to uncover that SnI2 can coordinate with DMSO and react with singlet oxygen, resulting in the generation of Sn (IV). Moreover, our DFT simulations reveal that benzaldehyde oxime (BZHO) competes with SnI2 in reacting with oxygen through the Alder‐ene reaction, hence effectively restraining the oxidation of tin (II), which is further verified by several experimental characterizations. Besides, the introduction of BZHO has also regulated the crystallization of the perovskite film and modified the electronic structure of the perovskite surface. As a result, the perovskite solar cells with the addition of BZHO demonstrate superior performance and operational stability, retaining 82 % of the initial PCE under continuous 1‐sun illumination for 800 hours. Furthermore, the efficiency of all‐perovskite tandem solar cells treated with BZHO reached 26.76 %. Therefore, this work presents a promising strategy for designing high‐performance and stable all‐perovskite tandem solar cells.
Scalable and Sustainable Zinc (II) Ions‐Glue‐Assisted Conversion of Biomass Waste Bits into Carbon Aerogels for Efficient Uranium Extraction
Authors: Zhao Yan , Zhou Yun , Tan Guoying , Ju Yujun , Chen Ying , Huo Yong , Li Hua , Zhou Tong , Song Jiaxin , Fan Zimeng , Liu Tonghuan , Huang Liang , Chen Fengjuan , Tang Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCarbon aerogels (CAs) have garnered significant attention due to their multifunctional applications. Biomass waste, abundantly generated by agriculture and industry, serves as a primary carbon source. However, developing a facile, sustainable, and efficient method to produce CAs from biomass waste remains challenging. In this study, a one‐step Zn2+ ion‐glue‐assisted carbonization technique was developed to produce large‐scale, high‐performance CAs. Various biomass materials (wood bits, peanut shells, bamboo bits, and straw waste) were treated in a molten salt system (ZnCl2/KCl) at 300 °C for 2 h to obtain large‐block CAs derived from biomass bits. Zn2+ ions cleave cellulose hydrogen bonds in natural biomass, facilitating the dehydration crosslinking reaction among cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, thus reconstructing the entire block structure. The resulting CAs exhibited high porosity (95 %) and low density (0.078 g/cm3). Numerous hydroxyl and carbonyl groups were preserved during the low‐temperature treatment, facilitating chemical modification for diverse applications. For instance, amidoxime functionalized CAs were utilized as filters for selective and highly efficient extraction of U(VI) from wastewater. The adsorption capacity and extraction efficiency reached 801.2 mg/g and 95 % with a flux rate of 6.1×103 L/m2 ⋅ h.
Stop the Line: Interventions to Prevent Retained Surgical Items
Authors: Angelilli Sara 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe surgical team works collaboratively to prevent the occurrence of retained surgical items (RSIs). The purpose of this quality improvement project was to increase compliance with facility policies and improve teamwork skills to prevent the occurrence of RSIs. The project team implemented an evidence‐based communication protocol, updated hospital network policies, introduced just‐in‐time job aids, and facilitated leader support through a daily huddle to address identified practice gaps. The TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire was used to measure the change in staff members’ attitudes about teamwork before and after project implementation. Additional process and outcome measures included the number of near misses and actual RSIs, compliance with the daily huddle, and completion of the communication training. Results included improved perceived teamwork attitude scores and zero reports of actual RSI events over 7.5 weeks.
A review of oil spill dynamics: Statistics, impacts, countermeasures, and weathering behaviors
Authors: Hettithanthri Oshadi , Nguyen Thi Bang Tuyen , Fiedler Thomas , Phan Chi , Vithanage Meththika , Pallewatta Shiran , Nguyen Thi My Linh , Nguyen Phuoc Quy An , Bolan Nanthi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOil spills pose significant threats to marine and freshwater environments, impacting ecosystems and drinking water sources. The present review incorporated an up‐to‐date statistical analysis of the oil spills globally including the types and sources of oil spills and the main habitats affected by the past incidents. It presented immediate and long‐term effects on aquatic organisms and habitats highlighting the necessity for action to protect the aquatic environment. The paper also elucidated a range of effective remediation and cleanup methods, presenting a comprehensive toolkit to mitigate ecological damage. Noticeably, the review identified crucial knowledge gaps in the literature: (i) the absence of marine plastic pollution in studies on oil spill impacts and (ii) the absence of a modeling framework that considers the presence of microplastics in the spillage region and their impacts on the overall weathering rate. From synthesizing essential knowledge on oil spill dynamics and identifying the knowledge gap in the literature, this review aims to enhance understanding and guide future research.
CFD simulation study of thermal runaway inhibition for styrene polymerization by jet mixing
Authors: Jiang Jiajia , Chen Yating , Zhou Rui , Mao Guanrong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThermal runaway of polymerization reactions causes serious accidents. To study the emergency inhibition process of thermal runaway, a styrene thermal polymerization reaction model is established by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) combined with a thermodynamic model. The DIV critical criterion is used to determine the critical point of the runaway reaction. The inhibitory effect of injection diameter, injection rate, and injection angle of inhibitor (ethylbenzene) on the styrene polymerization reaction is studied comprehensively. The injection mixing trajectory of the inhibitor is visualized by using the Lagrangian particle tracking method. The injection parameters are optimized to suppress thermal runaway by the response surface method. The result shows that a combination of injection parameters with 2 mm injection port diameter, 5 m/s injection rate, and 90° injection angle can improve the suppression effect of thermal runaway for the established model in this paper. This work provides a theoretical basis for preventing thermal runaway for polymerization reactions.
An interesting phase transition in polyamide 6/nitrile rubber blend induced by temperature and pressure and its effect on tribological performance
Authors: Sun Shaojie , Nie Danli , Zhang Yunfan , Cai Ziqing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe preparation of high‐performance rubber‐plastic blending elastomers has always been a research hotspot in the field of petroleum equipment. The two‐phase separation structure of the blend determines the macroscopic properties of the materials. It is of great significance to deeply explore the influence of processing technology on the two‐phase separation structure. In this paper, polyamide 6 (PA6)/nitrile rubber blends were prepared via the melt–compounding method. To meet the requirements of oil production and oil transport equipment, we investigated systematically the mechanical properties of the specimens exposed to different environments. The oil resistance and high‐temperature resistance of the blends were enhanced considerably with the addition of PA6. The temperature and pressure fields induced a novel transition from particle into fibrous phase based on Ostwald's ripening. However, this brand new transformation showed no benefits to the improvement of the frictional performance. Meanwhile, the relationship between aggregate structure and mechanical performance was demonstrated from the aspects of crystallization behavior and phase morphology.
Susceptibility Invariance and Duality‐Matching Condition for Perpendicular‐Motion Metasurface
Authors: Zhou Bo , Feng Xingsong , Wu Enzong , Gao Fei , Chen Hongsheng , Wang Zuojia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTime‐varying metasurfaces have recently emerged as a promising platform to observe exotic wave behaviors in space‐time systems. In this paper, it theoretically reveals invariant susceptibility parameters for perpendicular‐moving metasurface. Duality‐matching condition is derived by utilizing generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) combined with Lorentz transformation (LT). A metasurface that satisfies the duality‐matching condition can hold its susceptibility parameters when it moves perpendicularly toward the sources. The moving‐invariant behavior is further discussed in time‐varying media and additional reflection is found to be inevitable if the constitutive parameters is discrete in time.