bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts predict poor outcome and promote periostin‐dependent invasion in oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Underwood Timothy J , Hayden Annette L , Derouet Mathieu , Garcia Edwin , Noble Fergus , White Michael J , Thirdborough Steve , Mead Abbie , Clemons Nicholas , Mellone Massimiliano , Uzoho Chudy , Primrose John N , Blaydes Jeremy P , Thomas Gareth J 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInteractions between cancer cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in tumour development and progression. In this study we investigated the functional role of CAFs in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We used immunochemistry to analyse a cohort of 183 EAC patients for CAF markers related to disease mortality. We characterized CAFs and normal oesophageal fibroblasts (NOFs) using western blotting, immunofluorescence and gel contraction. Transwell assays, 3D organotypic culture and xenograft models were used to examine the effects on EAC cell function and to dissect molecular mechanisms regulating invasion. Most EACs (93%) contained CAFs with a myofibroblastic (α‐SMA‐positive) phenotype, which correlated significantly with poor survival [p = 0.016; HR 7. 1 (1.7–29.4)]. Primary CAFs isolated from EACs have a contractile, myofibroblastic phenotype and promote EAC cell invasion in vitro (Transwell assays, p ≤ 0.05; organotypic culture, p < 0.001) and in vivo (p ≤ 0.05). In vitro, this pro‐invasive effect is modulated through the matricellular protein periostin. Periostin is secreted by CAFs and acts as a ligand for EAC cell integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5, promoting activation of the PI3kinase–Akt pathway. In patient samples, periostin expression at the tumour cell–stromal interface correlates with poor overall and disease‐free survival. Our study highlights the importance of the tumour stroma in EAC progression. Paracrine interaction between CAF‐secreted periostin and EAC‐expressed integrins results in PI3 kinase–Akt activation and increased tumour cell invasion. Most EACs contain a myofibroblastic CAF‐rich stroma; this may explain the aggressive, highly infiltrative nature of the disease, and suggests that stromal targeting may produce therapeutic benefit in EAC patients. © 2014 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of isolated aqueductal stenosis
Authors: Emery Stephen P. , Hogge W. Allen , Hill Lyndon M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this article is to determine the success rate of prenatally diagnosed isolated aqueductal stenosis (AS) as a first step in an evidence‐based reassessment of ventriculoamniotic shunting for isolated AS.MethodsCases of ventriculomegaly at Magee‐Womens Hospital between 2006 and 2013 were ascertained. AS was suspected when prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated signs of pressure hydrocephalus. The prenatal diagnosis generated by ultrasound and MRI was compared with the postnatal diagnosis based upon neonatal neuroimaging.ResultsThe initial query of the Magee‐Womens Hospital database resulted in 370 cases of ventriculomegaly. After exclusion for associated central nervous system malformations, 110 cases of severe ventriculomegaly remained. The imaging studies on each fetus were reviewed, and cases of prenatally diagnosed AS were identified. The median gestational age of the ultrasound diagnosis and prenatal MRI was 23 weeks 3 days and 33 weeks 3 days, respectively. All cases of prenatally suspected isolated AS (six of six) and cases of AS with other associated central nervous system anomalies (six of six) were correctly identified.ConclusionAn accurate prenatal diagnosis of isolated fetal AS is possible. This is an important first step in an evidence‐based reassessment of ventriculoamniotic shunting for isolated AS. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 in childhood CF and non‐CF bronchiectasis
Authors: Masekela R. , Anderson R. , de Boeck K. , Vreys M. , Steel H.C. , Olurunju S. , Green R.J. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundSoluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 (sTREM‐1) is demonstrating promise as an inflammatory biomarker of acute infection in various pulmonary conditions; including community acquired pneumonia, ventilator associated pneumonia and non‐tuberculous mycobacterial infection.IntroductionThe expression of sTREM‐1 has been poorly studied in all forms of bronchiectasis, both in the context of cystic fibrosis (CF) and non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.Method: Induced sputum samples were collected for sTREM‐1 determination in children with HIV‐associated bronchiectasis and CF‐bronchiectasis. The presence or absence of an exacerbation was noted at study entry. Lung function parameters (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEF25–75) were measured using the Viasys SpiroPro Jaeger Spirometer (Hoechberg, Germany).Result: A total of twenty‐six children with HIV‐associated bronchiectasis and seventeen with CF were included. With respect to sTREM‐1, the levels were readily detected in both groups, but were significantly higher in children with HIV‐associated bronchiectasis (1244.0 pg/ml (iqr 194.5; 3755.3 pg/ml) and 204.9  pg/ml (iqr 66.9; 653.6 pg/ml) P = 0.003. There was a positive correlation between sTREM‐1 and IL‐8 as well as sputum neutrophil elastase in the HIV‐bronchiectasis group (r = 0.715 and r = 0.630), respectively both P < 0.005. sTREM‐1 was not further increased in subjects presenting with an acute pulmonary exacerbation in the HIV‐associated bronchiectasis and in CF participants (P = 0.971 and P = 0.481), respectively. In the CF group sTREM‐1 strongly correlated with FVC% predicted and FEV1% predicted (r = 0.950 and r = 0.954), both P < 0.005.ConclusionThe pulmonary innate immune functions are over‐active in HIV‐associated bronchiectasis, with readily detected sTREM‐1 values, which were higher than those in CF. sTREM‐1 does not correlate with markers of HIV‐disease activity but does correlate with markers of neutrophilic inflammation. In CF sTREM‐1 has a negative correlation with pulmonary function parameters. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:333–339. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Slow‐release formulations of the herbicide MCPA by using clay–protein composites
Authors: Alromeed Alaa Aldin , Scrano Laura , A. Bufo Sabino , Undabeytia Tomás 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDMCPA [(4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy) acetic acid] is a widely used herbicide showing high leaching in the soil. In this study, clay–protein‐based formulations of this herbicide were designed to reduce the risk of water pollution resulting from conventional formulations.RESULTSClay–gelatin formulations of MCPA were prepared, and the influence of synthesis parameters such as pH and the presence of a plasticiser (glycerol) on the active substance content and performance of the new formulations was examined. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements provided information on the stability of the gelatin matrix in the gelatin–clay complex. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the herbicide was retained by the formation of hydrogen bonds with side amino groups of the protein backbone and polyion complexation. Clay–protein‐based formulations prepared at a pH below the isoelectric point value of the protein and in the absence of glycerol provided the slowest release of MCPA in water. Soil column experiments showed a fourfold reduction in leaching and improved bioactivity in the upper soil layer for the new formulation compared with a commercial product used as a control.CONCLUSIONSA reduction in the recommended dose of MCPA can be achieved by employing clay–gelatin, which reduces the environmental risk associated with herbicide applications. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel high‐temperature combustion based system for stable isotope analysis of dissolved organic carbon in aqueous samples. I: development and validation
Authors: Federherr E. , Cerli C. , Kirkels F. M. S. A. , Kalbitz K. , Kupka H. J. , Dunsbach R. , Lange L. , Schmidt T. C. 
Published: October 2014

RATIONALETraditionally, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) stable isotope analysis (SIA) is performed using either offline sample preparation followed by elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS) or a wet chemical oxidation (WCO)‐based device coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The first method is time‐consuming and laborious. The second involves the risks of underestimation of DOC concentration and isotopic fractionation due to incomplete oxidation. The development of an analytical method for accurate and sensitive DOC SIA is described in this study.METHODSA high‐temperature combustion (HTC) system improves upon traditional methods. A novel total organic carbon (TOC) system, specially designed for SIA, was coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. An integrated purge and trap technique (peak focusing), flexible injection volume (0.05–3 mL), favorable carrier gas flow, modified ash crucible, new design of combustion tube and optimized drying system were used to achieve the necessary performance.RESULTSThe system can reliably measure concentrations up to 1000 mgC/L. Compounds resistant to oxidation, such as barbituric acid, melamine and humic acid, were analyzed with recovery rates of 100 ± 1% proving complete oxidation. In this initial testing, the δ13C values of these compounds were determined with precision and trueness of ≤0.2‰ even with 3.5% salinity. Further tests with samples with low DOC concentrations resulted in LOQSIA method values of 0.5 mgC/L and 0.2 mgC/L for LOQSIA instr, considering an accuracy of ±0.5‰ as acceptable.CONCLUSIONSThe novel HTC system coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer resulted in significantly improved sensitivity. The system is suitable for salt‐containing liquids and compounds that are resistant to oxidation, and it offers a large concentration range. A second paper (which follows this one in this issue) will present a more comprehensive assessment of the analytical performance with a broad set of solutions and real samples. This highly efficient TOC stable isotopic analyzer will probably open up new possibilities in biogeochemical carbon cycle research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of acylation routes and structural characterisation by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry of semi‐synthetic acyl ester analogues of lipophilic marine toxins
Authors: de la Iglesia Pablo , Fonollosa Elena , Diogène Jorge 
Published: October 2014

RATIONALEEsterification is one of the most important metabolic routes of lipophilic marine toxins in shellfish. In this work we assessed several chemical acylation reactions aimed at obtaining acyl ester analogues via partial synthesis from the free toxins. The procedures developed including sensitive and selective methods based on liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) can be applied to obtain reference materials that may be used as analytical standards (internal/external) for method development and calibration, as well as to perform toxicological in vitro and in vivo studies.METHODSAcylation systems involved both anhydrous and non‐anhydrous fatty acid or acid halides as a source of the acyl radical, and several catalysers of the reaction. A series of mass spectrometric experiments involving product ion scans and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) were used to confirm the identity and to elucidate the fragmentation pathways of the synthesised products.RESULTSReaction yields regarding reaction time and temperature were examined at sub‐nmol scale for the acylation system consisting of palmitic anhydride and 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) in anhydrous pyridine, showing the best conditions at 75 °C for 60 min, 75 °C for 120 min and 100 °C for 270 min for cyclic imines, azaspiracid‐1 and pectenotoxin‐2, respectively. The esterification approach was verified at a larger scale for the esterification of gymnodimine‐A (GYM‐A), which kept a good yield >90% for the synthesis of 10‐O‐palmitoyl‐GYM‐A.CONCLUSIONSAcyl ester analogues of lipophilic marine toxins have been synthesised and their structure elucidated by LC/MS/MS. For acyl ester analogues identical to natural metabolites, the procedures developed have potential to be applied for the semi‐synthesis of metabolites in a sustainable, scalable and controlled way, avoiding extensive and tedious isolation and purification procedures from naturally contaminated shellfish. For the semi‐synthetic esters structurally different than those found in shellfish, they may have applicability as internal standards for accurate quantifications of natural metabolites present in complex matrices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Foley balloon catheter to prevent or manage bleeding during treatment for cervical and Cesarean scar pregnancy
Authors: Timor‐Tritsch I. E. , Cali G. , Monteagudo A. , Khatib N. , Berg R. E. , Forlani F. , Avizova E. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo demonstrate the efficacy of placement and inflation of Foley balloon catheters prophylactically to prevent, or as an adjuvant therapy to control, bleeding in women undergoing treatment for Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) or cervical pregnancy (CxP).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 18 women with either CSP (n = 16) or CxP (n = 2), who underwent Foley balloon catheter placement under continuous transvaginal or transabdominal ultrasound guidance to prevent or manage bleeding following treatment, which in most cases comprised local (intragestational sac) and intramuscular (IM) methotrexate (MTX) injections. In eight cases, the balloon catheter was placed immediately following local and/or IM MTX treatment, either because of bleeding or prophylactically; in eight cases, the catheter was placed as part of a two‐step protocol, with patients first treated with local and IM MTX injection, then suction aspiration on Day 4 or 5, followed by planned insertion of a balloon catheter; in one patient the balloon was placed on Day 21 after local and IM MTX treatment, due to sudden bleeding; and in one case of a heterotopic pregnancy, one intrauterine and one cervical, the balloon was placed due to severe bleeding. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels were evaluated weekly following MTX injection.ResultsGestational ages at balloon placement ranged between 5 and 12 + 2 weeks. All embryos/fetuses, with the exception of the cervical heterotopic one, had heart activity and catheter placement was well‐tolerated by all women. The balloon tamponade effectively reduced or prevented maternal vaginal bleeding in all except one patient; this woman had a heterotopic CxP and required abdominal robotic cerclage to control the bleeding. Catheters were kept in place for a mean of 3.6 (range, 1–6) days. hCG levels returned to low or zero levels within 19–82 days following MTX injection. Fifteen women required antibiotic treatment following the procedure. One woman with CSP developed an arteriovenous malformation requiring uterine artery embolization.ConclusionUltrasound‐guided placement and inflation of Foley balloon catheters was easy to perform and well‐tolerated by patients undergoing treatment for CSP or CxP, and successfully prevented or helped in the management of bleeding complications. Based on our experience and previous publications we suggest having the option of balloon catheter insertion available when local treatment of CSP or CxP is undertaken. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Stabilization of Co3 – Oxoclusters in a pcu Net: Synthesis, Structure, Solvent Exchange (Single Crystal to Single Crystal) and Magnetic Studies
Authors: Bhattacharya Saurav , Natarajan Srinivasan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe solvothermal reaction of CoCl2·4H2O and 4,4′‐sulfonyldibenzoic acid (H2SDBA) resulted in the formation of a three‐dimensional coordination polymer [Co3(C14H8O6S)3(DMA)2(MeOH)].DMA (Ia) consisting of trinuclear Co3 oxo‐cluster units. The Co3 trimeric units are connected by SDBA2– anions leading to a three dimensional structure with a pcu topology. The terminal methanol molecules could be exchanged in a single crystal to single crystal (SCSC) fashion by other similar solvent molecules (ethanol, acetonitrile, water, ethyleneglycol). Magnetic studies on the parent compound, Ia, indicate antiferromagnetic interactions between the central metal atoms.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Mn3(Sb2O2)(VO4)2–x(SbO3)xCl2 (0.08 < x < 0.13), a Vanadium Oxochloride with a VV – SbIII Split Position
Authors: Zimmermann Iwan , Johnsson Mats 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe compounds Mn3(Sb2O2)(VO4)2–x(SbO3)xCl2 (x = 0.08, 0.10, and 0.13) crystallize in the triclinic space group P$\bar{1}$. The compounds were synthesized through chemical reactions at 550 °C in sealed evacuated silica tubes. The crystal structure is a three‐dimensional framework structure having small channels running along [100]. The manganese oxochloride octahedra [MnO5Cl] and [MnO4Cl2] are connected by edge sharing to form chains that are separated by [VO4], [SbO4], and [SbO3] building blocks. The compound exhibits an unusual split position in between Sb3+ and V5+ so that either [VO4] or [SbO3] form when the two cations replace each other. The Sb/V ratio within the split position has been investigated by measuring three different crystals and the amount of antimony in the split position has shown to vary in the range of 4–6 %.
Genetics Professionals’ Opinions of Whole‐Genome Sequencing in the Newborn Period
Authors: Ulm Elizabeth , Feero W. Gregory , Dineen Richard , Charrow Joel , Wicklund Catherine 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNewborn screening (NBS) programs have been successful in identifying infants with rare, treatable, congenital conditions. While current programs rely largely on biochemical analysis, some predict that in the future, genome sequencing may be used as an adjunct. The purpose of this exploratory pilot study was to begin to characterize genetics professionals’ opinions of the use of whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) in NBS. We surveyed members of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) via an electronic survey distributed through email. The survey included questions about results disclosure, the current NBS paradigm, and the current criteria for adding a condition to the screening panel. The response rate was 7.3 % (n = 113/1549). The majority of respondents (85 %, n = 96/113) felt that WGS should not be currently used in NBS, and that if it were used, it should not be mandatory (86.5 %, n = 96/111). However, 75.7 % (n = 84/111) foresee it as a future use of WGS. Respondents felt that accurate interpretation of results (86.5 %, n = 83/96), a more extensive consent process (72.6 %, n = 69/95), pre‐ (79.2 %, n = 76/96) and post‐test (91.6 %, n = 87/95) counseling, and comparable costs (70.8 %, n = 68/96) and turn‐around‐times (64.6 %, n = 62/96) to current NBS would be important for using WGS in NBS. Participants were in favor of disclosing most types of results at some point in the lifetime. However, the majority (87.3 %, n = 96/110) also indicated that parents should be able to choose what results are disclosed. Overall, respondents foresee NBS as a future use of WGS, but indicated that WGS should not occur within the framework of traditional NBS. They agreed with the current criteria for including a condition on the recommended uniform screening panel (RUSP). Further discussion about these criteria is needed in order to better understand how they could be utilized if WGS is incorporated into NBS.
Recreational fisheries in the USA: economics, management strategies, and ecological threats
Authors: Hughes Robert M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRecreational fishing has a long history in the USA, developing from the subsistence fisheries of Native Americans together with a partial subsistence fishery of later immigrants. Marine, diadromous, and aquatic taxa are targeted, including both vertebrates and macroinvertebrates. This paper defines recreational fishing, describes the main fishing techniques, identifies target taxa by region, summarizes the socio-economic values of recreational fishing, and discusses management strategies and major ecological threats.
Time-resolved evolution of coherent structures in turbulent channels: characterization of eddies and cascades
Authors: Lozano-Durán Adrián , Jiménez Javier 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA novel approach to the study of the kinematics and dynamics of turbulent flows is presented. The method involves tracking in time coherent structures, and provides all of the information required to characterize eddies from birth to death. Spatially and temporally well-resolved DNSs of channel data at $\mathit{Re}_{{\it\tau}}=930{-}4200$ are used to analyse the evolution of three-dimensional sweeps, ejections (Lozano-Durán et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 694, 2012, pp. 100–130) and clusters of vortices (del Álamo et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 561, 2006, pp. 329–358). The results show that most of the eddies remain small and do not last for long times, but that some become large, attach to the wall and extend across the logarithmic layer. The latter are geometrically and temporally self-similar, with lifetimes proportional to their size (or distance from the wall), and their dynamics is controlled by the mean shear near their centre of gravity. They are responsible for most of the total momentum transfer. Their origin, eventual disappearance, and history are investigated and characterized, including their advection velocity at different wall distances and the temporal evolution of their size. Reinforcing previous results, the symmetry found between sweeps and ejections supports the idea that they are not independent structures, but different manifestations of larger quasi-streamwise rollers in which they are embedded. Spatially localized direct and inverse cascades are respectively associated with the splitting and merging of individual structures, as in the models of Richardson (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 97(686), 1920, pp. 354–373) or Obukhov (Izv. Akad. Nauk USSR, Ser. Geogr. Geofiz., vol. 5(4), 1941, pp. 453–466). It is found that the direct cascade predominates, but that both directions are roughly comparable. Most of the merged or split fragments have sizes of the order of a few Kolmogorov viscous units, but a substantial fraction of the growth and decay of the larger eddies is due to a self-similar inertial process in which eddies merge and split in fragments spanning a wide range of scales.