bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement
Authors: Husereau D , Drummond M , Petrou S , Carswell C , Moher D , Greenberg D , Augustovski F , Briggs AH , Mauskopf J , Loder E 
Published: April 2013

Economic evaluations of health interventions pose a particular challenge for reporting. There is also a need to consolidate and update existing guidelines and promote their use in a user friendly manner. TheConsolidatedHealthEconomicEvaluationReportingStandards (CHEERS) statement is an attempt to consolidate and update previous health economic evaluation guidelines efforts into one current, useful reporting guidance.The primary audiences for theCHEERSstatement are researchers reporting economic evaluations and the editors and peer reviewers assessing them for publication. The need for new reporting guidance was identified by a survey of medical editors. A list of possible items based on a systematic review was created. A two round, modified Delphi panel consisting of representatives from academia, clinical practice, industry, government, and the editorial community was conducted. Out of 44 candidate items, 24 items and accompanying recommendations were developed. The recommendations are contained in a user friendly, 24 item checklist. A copy of the statement, accompanying checklist, and this report can be found on theISPOR HealthEconomicEvaluationsPublicationGuidelinesTaskForce website (www.ispor.org/TaskForces/EconomicPubGuidelines.asp). We hopeCHEERSwill lead to better reporting, and ultimately, better health decisions. To facilitate dissemination and uptake, theCHEERSstatement is being co‐published across 10 health economics and medical journals. We encourage other journals and groups, to endorseCHEERS. The author team plans to review the checklist for an update in 5 years.
Effects of obesity on patient experience in the emergency department
Authors: Ngui Bryan , McDonald Taylor David , Shill Jessica 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims to determine if obesity (body mass index ≥30.0 kg/m2) adversely affects the patients' ED experience in terms of flow variables and rates of assistance, investigation and procedure.MethodsThis was a prospective, analytical, observational study in a large tertiary referral ED. Consecutive patients, presenting during data collection periods, were enrolled after they had received ≥3 h of care. Height and weight data were collected from the patient; demographics, presenting complaint, triage category, time to be seen and modes of arrival and disposition from the Emergency Department Information System, and investigations from the electronic pathology and radiology records. Data on a wide range of procedures and management variables were collected directly from the ED staff using a specifically designed survey instrument.ResultsSeven hundred and eleven patients were enrolled (mean age 64.3 ± 18.6 years, 375 [52.7%] male). One hundred and ninety‐one (26.9%, 95% confidence interval 23.7–30.3) patients were obese. Obese patients were significantly younger than non‐obese patients (median 63 vs 70 years, P < 0.001). They had significantly more intravenous cannulation attempts, liver function tests (69.1% vs 60.2%), cardiac enzyme tests (40.8% vs 30.0%) and abdominal X‐rays (17.8% vs 8.7%) (P < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups in time to be seen, monitoring, other procedures, assistance required, place of disposition or ED length of stay (P > 0.05). Obese patients had a lower death rate in the ED or hospital than non‐obese patients (1.6% vs 7.5%, P < 0.01).Conclusion:In this single‐centre study, obesity did not appear to adversely affect ED treatment. The observed differences in some investigation rates might relate to suspected morbidities and difficulties in physical examination.
Channelling of Statin Use towards Low‐Risk Population and Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Rikala Maria , Huupponen Risto , Helin‐Salmivaara Arja , Korhonen Maarit Jaana 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study based on nationwide comprehensive health registers analysed trends in characteristics of statin users in the whole community‐dwelling population of Finland between 1999 and 2008. The annual number of incident users (defined as those purchasing statins for the first time ever) increased 1.6‐fold from 50,125 to 78,058 and that of ongoing users (including continuous users and re‐initiators) increased 4.6‐fold from 114,091 to 521,211. The proportion of incident users without cardiovascular disease (CVD) or diabetes increased from 23.6% to 27.8%, while the proportion of those with diabetes increased from 15.7% to 19.5%. An increasing proportion of ongoing users had diabetes (from 13.8% to 22.8%). The proportion of ongoing users without CVD or diabetes remained below one‐fifth; however, their number increased five‐fold. Over the study period, there was an obvious shift towards prescribing of higher statin doses both among incident and ongoing users. In conclusion, statin use is expanding to individuals with low cardiovascular risk despite the fact that clinical guidelines emphasize interventions other than pharmacotherapy for this population. At the same time, statin use is increasingly targeted to patients with diabetes, a high‐risk group that is likely to benefit from it.
Clinical assessment and crisis intervention for the suicidal bipolar disorder patient
Authors: Saunders Kate EA , Hawton Keith 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveSuicidal behaviour is common in people suffering with bipolar disorder, and suicide is a leading cause of death in this group. Our aim in this review is to provide an overview of key assessment and management strategies, highlight research findings relevant to suicide prevention, and identify important areas for future research.MethodsWe reviewed the published literature regarding the risk factors for and management of suicida\l behaviour in individuals with bipolar disorder using the Pubmed and PsychINFO databases. Where available, we focused our search on systematic reviews.ResultsSuicide is usually associated with a depressive phase, although mixed affective states also convey increased risk. All individuals with bipolar disorder should have an up‐to‐date crisis management plan which outlines the action to be taken should suicidal behaviour emerge. Timely clinical assessment is essential in ensuring that those at high risk are identified. This should include mental state examination, consideration of risk factors, and evaluation of issues such as access to means, preparatory acts before suicide, and also protective factors. While pharmacological approaches are the mainstay of management, less specific measures, such as the removal of access to means, are also important in ensuring safety in the acute situation. Intensifying the clinical support of both patients and relatives, and the sharing of risk information with other health agencies are essential in management. Specific psychological treatments are likely to be helpful in preventing crises, although the evidence base is limited.ConclusionsThe aetiology of suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder is multifactorial and requires proactive crisis planning and management. A range of issues need to be addressed in the assessment of at‐risk patients. Determining the efficacy of interventions specific to reducing suicidality in bipolar disorder should be a research priority.
Live birth rates following in vitro fertilization in women with thyroid autoimmunity and/or subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Chai Joyce , Yeung Wing‐Yee T. , Lee Chi‐Yan V. , Li Hang‐Wun R. , Ho Pak‐Chung , Ng Hung‐Yu E. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate whether the live birth rate following in vitro fertilization (IVF) is affected by thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) and/or subclinical hypothyroidism in subfertile women.Design and settingRetrospective study in a university infertility clinic.PatientsA total of 627 women without past or current history of thyroid disorder undergoing their first IVF cycle.InterventionPre‐IVF archived blood serum samples were tested for TAI and thyroid function tests.Main outcome measureLive birth rate.ResultsThe clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate and miscarriage rate were similar among women with or without TAI and/or subclinical hypothyroidism using a TSH threshold 4·5 mIU/l. Thyroid autoantibody level did not affect these IVF outcomes.ConclusionThe live birth rate and miscarriage rate of women with TAI and/or subclinical hypothyroidism following IVF were not impaired.
PAX6 mutation in association with ptosis, cataract, iris hypoplasia, corneal opacification and diabetes: a new variant of familial aniridia?
Authors: Peter Neena M , Leyland Martin , Mudhar Hardeep S , Lowndes Jo , Owen Katharine R , Stewart Helen 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe report a family with ptosis, cataract, iris hypoplasia and gradual corneal opacification occurring in association with a PAX6 mutation.DesignCase‐series.ParticipantsFourteen family members – 8 affected, 6 unaffected controls.MethodsAll participants underwent ophthalmological assessment, including best‐corrected visual acuity, slit‐lamp‐examination, pachymetry, endothelial cell‐count, tonometry and dilated fundoscopy. All subjects underwent anthropometry and assessment of glycaemic status. Genetic analysis of the PAX6 gene was performed.Main Outcome MeasuresPresence of ptosis, corneal, iris and lenticular changes, gycaemic and PAX6 status.ResultsAll eight affected subjects had ptosis with reduced levator function, anterior polar cataracts, and corneal changes of variable severity – two patients had undergone penetrating keratoplasties, with graft histology revealing conjunctival cells on the cornea and severe fibroinflammatory change. Five patients had iris hypoplasia. One patient had aphakic glaucoma and another had hypoplastic optic discs. Four of the six controls had no ocular features of this syndrome, and two had isolated mild ptosis. There was no difference in height or body mass index between cases and family controls (p > 0.05), but Haemoglobin A1c was greater in the cases (median [interquartile range] 5.6(0.8) vs 5.1(0.3), p = 0.028). Genetic analysis confirmed a pathogenic PAX6 mutation in exon 12 (c1439delC) in all eight patients, but none of the controls.ConclusionThis is the first report of this particular constellation of ocular signs occurring in association with a PAX6 mutation. There was no association with anthropometric features, but affected subjects had worse glycaemia than controls, which may be related to the known role of PAX6 in development of the pancreas.
The impact of POSSUM score on the long‐term outcome of patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Cheung H. , Poon J. T. C. , Law W.‐L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimThe TMN staging system is the most important tool for predicting the long‐term survival of colorectal cancer patients. However, physiological conditions and the operation may also influence survival. This study evaluated the impact of the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) and the colorectal version (CR‐POSSUM) on the long‐term survival of patients with rectal cancer.MethodProspectively collected data were included of consecutive patients who underwent rectal cancer resection between 2000 and 2004. The relationship between the POSSUM and CR‐POSSUM scores and the physiological components with outcomes and survivals was analysed.ResultsThe study included 343 patients (196 men, 263 open resections, 74 laparoscopic resections, six local resections) with a mean follow‐up of 56.5 months. Thirty‐five patients had had neoadjuvant chemoradiation and 115 had adjuvant chemotherapy. Their median POSSUM score was 34 (interquartile range 31–39) and the median CR‐POSSUM score was 19 (interquartile range 18–21). The log rank test showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in long‐term survival for patients who belonged to different POSSUM score groups and POSSUM physiological score groups. Factors found on multivariate analysis to have significant association with long‐term survival included TNM stage, perineural invasion, local invasion, obstruction, emergency operation, POSSUM score and POSSUM physiological score.ConclusionThe mortality of patients after rectal cancer surgery can be predicted by POSSUM, P‐POSSUM (a subsequent version of POSSUM) or CR‐POSSUM with no significant difference between them. Both POSSUM and the POSSUM physiological score were significantly related to survival. The POSSUM score was one of the factors that independently predicted long‐term survival.
A long‐term study on the clinical effects of mechanical widening of cheek teeth diastemata for treatment of periodontitis in 202 horses (2008–2011)
Authors: Dixon P. M. , Ceen S. , Barnett T. , O'Leary J. M. , Parkin T. D. , Barakzai S. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryReason for performing studyCheek teeth diastemata are a common cause of painful periodontal disease in horses, but there is limited objective information on their treatment.ObjectiveTo assess the long‐term response to diastema widening in clinically affected horses.Study designRetrospective study.MethodMedical records from cases of cheek teeth diastemata treated by diastema widening referred to the University of Edinburgh Equine Hospital from 2008 to 2011 were analysed.ResultsDuring this period, 302 horses were diagnosed with clinically significant cheek teeth diastemata, of which 202, median age 11 years, with severe associated periodontitis were treated by widening of 674 problematic diastemata; 89.8% between mandibular cheek teeth and 10.2% between maxillary cheek teeth, with a mean of 1.5 treatments performed per case. These 202 cases showed quidding in 76.2%; weight loss in 33.2%; bitting problems in 20.1% and halitosis in 10.9%, with 5.4% being asymptomatic. Follow‐up of 92% of treated cases, a mean of 20.8 months after their initial treatment, showed that 72.6% had complete remission of clinical signs that was permanent (for the duration of this study) in 50.5% and temporary in 22%. A partial response was obtained in 17.2%, no response was obtained in 4.3%, and owners were unsure of response in 5.9%. Clinical improvement was sometimes delayed, with 19% taking >4 weeks following treatment for improvement. Inappropriate sites were burred in individual teeth of 6 horses, causing iatrogenic pulpar exposure in 2 cases, but following treatment none developed clinical signs of apical infection.ConclusionsDiastema widening is an effective but potentially invasive treatment for horses with cheek teeth diastemata with severe periodontitis.Potential relevanceDiastema widening by trained personnel is suitable for advanced cases of cheek teeth diastema, but many cases require repeated treatments.
Antisecretory effect of prescribed appetite stimulator drug cyproheptadine in rat intestine
Authors: Meddah Bouchra , Limas‐Nzouzi Nicolas , Mamadou Godefroy , Miantezila Joe , Soudy Imar Djibrine , Eto Bruno 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCyproheptadine (Cph) is an antiserotoninergic and antihistaminergic agent with alpha‐blocking activity and central sedative effect. Cph has been found to be effective in stimulating appetite, but to our knowledge, its direct effects on the intestine have not been documented. We aimed to assess the antisecretory effects of Cph in rat proximal colon using Ussing chambers' technique. In basal and serotonin (5‐HT)‐stimulated conditions, Cph induced a dose‐dependent reduction in short‐circuit current (Isc). This effect was different in fed vs. fasted rats (EC50 = 1.9 × 10−5 m and 4.9 × 10−5 m, respectively). As expected, Cph induced a marked dose‐dependent rightward shift of the concentration–response curve to 5‐HT (pA2 = 5.4). The effect of Cph was found to be close to that of antisecretory agents in the following sequence: peptide YY > somatostatin > clonidine > Cph > C7‐sorbin. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that Cph has a direct effect on the inhibition of electrogenic ionic secretion in intestinal epithelium in vitro. Our results indicate that Cph can modulate the intestinal transport of electrolytes and provide a new insight into the peripheral effects of this drug, which is frequently prescribed as appetite stimulator in developing countries.
British general practitioners' attitudes towards and usage of homeopathy: a systematic review of surveys
Authors: Perry Rachel , Watson Leala K , Terry Rohini , Onakpoya Igho , Ernst Edzard 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundGeneral practitioners (GPs) often refer patients to complementary and alternative medicine practitioners. One of the more popular yet controversial therapies for patients to request is homeopathy.ObjectivesTo assess GP/primary care physician involvement with and attitudes towards homeopathy.MethodsSeven electronic databases were searched to identify all relevant UK surveys of GPs/primary care physicians conducted between 1995 and 2013. Data extraction of all included trials was conducted by three independent reviewers.ResultsThirteen surveys (from 15 articles) met the inclusion criteria. Less than 10% of GPs treated patients with homeopathy directly; referral rates ranged from 4–73%. Views on the effectiveness of homeopathy ranged from 29–48.7%, and opinions on whether it should be funded by the UK National Health Service ranged from 19–64%. Three surveys reported on GP professional training levels in homeopathy and two investigated GP knowledge of the evidence base of homeopathy.ConclusionsHomeopathy is currently being utilised by the UK medical profession to a minor degree. Referral rates vary considerably nationally but, on average, are low.
Mixing chalk and cheese: the challenge for integrating complementary therapies into radiation oncology
Authors: Sagar Stephen M 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe supportive care of cancer patients receiving radiotherapy is an important responsibility for the radiation oncologist. A knowledgeable and empathic practitioner can gain the patients' trust to ensure that they receive appropriate management using evidence‐based interventions that are relatively safe.ObjectiveTo summarise the evidence‐based complementary interventions that can be used in radiation therapy.MethodsA narrative review.ResultsThere is good scientific evidence for both the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of specific complementary therapies used by radiation oncology patients.ConclusionMany radiation oncology programmes do not include supervised programmes for complementary therapies, despite patients' requirement for credible knowledge, and despite multiple clinical trials that have shown the utility for some interventions. It is important that the radiation oncologist can discriminate between effectiveness and ineffectiveness using knowledge transfer from appropriate clinical trials. Radiation oncology programmes should follow the evidence and implement techniques and therapies that reduce patient symptoms and contribute to their rehabilitation. As evidence builds for the effectiveness of certain complementary therapies, we are left with the challenge of integrating them into standard practice.
Holding therapy: a harmful mental health intervention
Authors: Mercer Jean 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundHolding therapy, an alternative form of child psychotherapy, involves physical restraint and manipulation, and has been associated with adverse events.ObjectiveTo examine the evidence of effectiveness for holding therapy.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched, as well as an ongoing hand search, to identify any studies reporting on the effectiveness of holding therapy.ResultsEight studies were identified. All included studies claimed that holding therapy was efficacious, but none of the study designs were suitable for making such conclusions.ConclusionThe evidence of effectiveness for holding therapy is insufficient, especially in the context of related adverse events.
ER+/PR+/TFF3+/IMP3− immunoprofile distinguishes endometrioid from serous and clear cell carcinomas of the endometrium: a study of 401 cases
Authors: Mhawech‐Fauceglia Paulette , Yan Li , Liu Song , Pejovic Tanja 
Published: April 2013

AimsDifferentiating endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC) from uterine serous carcinoma (USC) and clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the endometrium can be challenging. We undertook an immunohistochemical study to address this issue.Methods and resultsWe evaluated 401 endometrial carcinomas cases by using four immunomarkers – oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), insulin‐like growth factor II mRNA – binding protein 3 (IMP3), and intestinal trefoil factor 3 (TFF3)–on a tissue microarray. The cases included 311 EACs (G1, 146; G2, 104; and G3, 61), 69 USCs, and 21 CCCs. ER, PR and TFF3 were most frequently expressed in EACs (P < 0.001), and IMP3 was more frequently expressed in USCs and CCCs (P < 0.001). ER+/PR+/TFF3+/IMP3− was the best marker combination associated with EAC [exact odds ratio (OR) 112; 95% confidence interval (CI) 19–∞; P < 0.0001]. This marker combination remained very reliable after adjustment for tumour grade (exact OR 19.2; 95% CI 3–∞; P = 0.0004). Because distinguishing EAC G3 from USC and CCC on the basis of morphology may be difficult, the use of immunomarkers to improve reproducibility is highly recommended. We found the ER+/PR+/TFF3+/IMP3− immunoprofile to be the best combination for confirming a diagnosis of endometrioid adenocarcinoma (exact OR 19.2; 95% CI 3–∞; P = 0.0004).ConclusionsWe recommend using an ER/PR/TFF3/IMP3 immunohistochemical panel in selected cases of endometrial carcinoma where the differential diagnosis is challenging.
Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of sweet potato protein
Authors: Khan, Nasir Mehmood , Mu Tai‐Hua , Zhang Miao , Chen Jing‐Wang 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe influence of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment on the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of sweet potato protein (SPP) at various concentrations, e.g. 2%, 4% and 6% (w/v, SPP‐2, SPP‐4 and SPP‐6), was investigated. Significant differences in hydrophobicity, enthalpy of denaturation and solubility were observed (P < 0.05). Emulsifying activity indexes (EAI) of SPP‐2 and SPP‐6 increased at 400 MPa, whereas EAI of all SPP significantly decreased at 600 MPa (P < 0.05). Emulsion stability (ESI) was significantly decreased for SPP‐2 and SPP‐6, while increase in ESI was observed for SPP‐4 above 200 MPa (P < 0.05). SPP‐2 emulsions showed sharp decrease in apparent viscosity with pressure increase, while pseudo plastic flow behaviour was not changed for all of emulsions. Sporamins A and B were well‐adsorbed in pressurised emulsion without displacement. These results suggest that HHP treatment could be used to modify the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of SPP.
Rheological Characterization of Aqueous 3Y‐TZP Inks Optimized for Direct Thermal Ink‐Jet Printing of Ceramic Components
Authors: Özkol Emre 
Published: April 2013

Aqueous 3Y‐TZP inks with solid contents of 22 and 27 vol% were used for fabricating three‐dimensional ceramic components by the direct ink‐jet printing process (DIP). The DIP fabrication was realized using a thermal ink‐jet (TIJ) printing system. Despite the different physical properties of the inks, both inks were successfully ejected and deposited. To define the optimum window of the ink properties required for a stable printing operation, both ceramic inks as well as a typical TIJ ink were characterized in terms of particle size distribution, zeta potential, viscosity, surface tension, and the inverse Ohnesorge number (Oh−1). Moreover, single drops of all inks were deposited and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the form and integrity of the ejected drops. Demonstration objects (a base with curved channels and a sample molar tooth) were DIP fabricated using both of the ceramic inks. These objects show the potentials of the DIP process for ceramics manufacturing particularly by using TIJ printing systems.