bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contact Toxicity and Repellency of the Essential Oil of Dictamnus dasycarpus Roots from China against Two Stored‐Product Insects
Authors: Yang Kai , Guo Shan‐Shan , Geng Zhu‐Feng , Du Shu‐Shan , Wang Cheng‐Fang , Deng Zhi‐Wei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDuring our screening program for new agrochemicals from traditional medicinal herbs, Dictamnus dasycarpus was found to possess contact toxicity and repellent activity against the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne and the booklouse Liposcelis bostrychophila. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of D. dasycarpus roots was characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses, and the main components identified were syn‐7‐hydroxy‐7‐anisylnorbornene (1, 49.9%), 1,3,4,5,6,7‐hexahydro‐2H‐inden‐2‐one (2, 11.6%), 5,6‐diethenyl‐1‐methylcyclohexene (3, 7.4%), and 3,9‐dimethyltricyclo[4.2.1.12,5]dec‐3‐en‐9‐ol (4, 6.35%). The D. dasycarpus root oil exhibited strong contact toxicity against L. serricorne adults and L. bostrychophila, with LD50 values of 12.4 μg/adult and 27.2 μg/cm2, respectively. Moreover, the essential oil also showed strong repellency against both stored‐product insects tested.
Botanical, Phytochemical, and Anticancer Properties of the Eucalyptus Species
Authors: Vuong Quan V. , Chalmers Anita C. , Jyoti Bhuyan Deep , Bowyer Michael C. , Scarlett Christopher J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe genus Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) is mainly native to Australia; however, some species are now distributed globally. Eucalyptus has been used in indigenous Australian medicines for the treatment of a range of aliments including colds, flu, fever, muscular aches, sores, internal pains, and inflammation. Eucalyptus oils containing volatile compounds have been widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries for a multitude of purposes. In addition, Eucalyptus extracts containing nonvolatile compounds are also an important source of key bioactive compounds, and several studies have linked Eucalyptus extracts with anticancer properties. With the increasing research interest in Eucalyptus and its health properties, this review briefly outlines the botanical features of Eucalyptus, discusses its traditional use as medicine, and comprehensively reviews its phytochemical and anticancer properties and, finally, proposes trends for future studies.
Synthesis of Al‐Containing Spherical Mesocellular Silica Foams with Different Pore Sizes and Their Applications as Catalyst Supports for Hydrodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene
Authors: Zhou Xiaofeng , Song Shaotong , Duan Aijun , Zhao Zhen , Gong Yanjun , Wang Xilong , Li Jianmei , Wei Yuechang , Jiang Guiyuan , Liu Jian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn the present work, a series of Al‐containing spherical mesostructured cellular silica foams (SMCFs) with different ultra‐large pore sizes were successfully synthesized by simply adjusting the mass ratio (x) of the swelling agent 1,3,5‐trimethylbenzene (TMB) to P123. The as‐synthesized Al‐SMCFs‐x were utilized as NiMo catalyst supports for the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene. The characterization results showed that, compared with other studied NiMo/Al‐SMCFs‐x catalysts, the NiMo/Al‐SMCFs‐1.25 catalyst exhibited higher sulfidation degree, higher dispersions of Ni and Mo species, shorter length, and lower stacking number of MoS2 slabs. It was also found that the NiMo/Al‐SMCFs‐1.25 catalyst possessed suitable physicochemical parameters [i.e., ultra‐large pore size (27.5 nm), high surface area (383 m2 g−1), and large pore volume (1.34 cm3 g−1), resulting in the formation of more type II active sites with more brim active sites. Consequently, the NiMo/Al‐SMCFs‐1.25 catalyst displayed outstanding catalytic performance for the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene.
Lithium Depletion and the Rechargeability of Li–O2 Batteries in Ether and Carbonate Electrolytes
Authors: Jang Il‐Chan , Ida Shintaro , Ishihara Tatsumi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLi metal is a highly promising candidate anode material because of its high energy density. However, Li depletion caused by the formation of a passivation layer and dendrites prevent the use of Li metal for rechargeable batteries. In this study, we investigate Li depletion in practical Li–O2 batteries by using two typical electrolytes, carbonate and ether, under high Li utilization. The ether‐based solvent tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) showed greatly increased levels of Li depletion through the formation of both solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers and dendrites than carbonated‐based solvents (ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (EC/DEC)). Although TEGDME is known as a stable solvent for oxygen reduction species, it may be less appropriate as a solvent with respect to Li reactivity, which is very important for the cycle stability of Li–O2 battery systems. In contrast, although slight decomposition of EC‐DEC was observed, cells constructed with EC‐DEC were found to be more stable than those with TEGDME for Li–O2 batteries.
A Modular Approach To Study Protein Adsorption on Surface Modified Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Ozhukil Kollath Vinayaraj , Van den Broeck Freya , Fehér Krisztina , Martins José C. , Luyten Jan , Traina Karl , Mullens Steven , Cloots Rudi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBiocompatible inorganic nano‐ and microcarriers can be suitable candidates for protein delivery. This study demonstrates facile methods of functionalization by using nanoscale linker molecules to change the protein adsorption capacity of hydroxyapatite (HA) powder. The adsorption capacity of bovine serum albumin as a model protein has been studied with respect to the surface modifications. The selected linker molecules (lysine, arginine, and phosphoserine) can influence the adsorption capacity by changing the electrostatic nature of the HA surface. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of linker‐molecule interactions with the HA surface have been performed by using NMR spectroscopy, zeta‐potential measurements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses. Additionally, correlations to theoretical isotherm models have been calculated with respect to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Lysine and arginine increased the protein adsorption, whereas phosphoserine reduced the protein adsorption. The results show that the adsorption capacity can be controlled with different functionalization, depending on the protein–carrier selections under consideration. The scientific knowledge acquired from this study can be applied in various biotechnological applications that involve biomolecule–inorganic material interfaces.
Dynamic Formation of Noncovalent Calixsalen Aggregates
Authors: Petryk Małgorzata , Troć Anna , Gierczyk Błażej , Danikiewicz Witold , Kwit Marcin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA procedure for studying “dynamic structural behavior” of large chiral macrocycles is presented. Ion mobility MS, diffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY NMR), and optical rotation (OR) measurements, supported by calculations, are used together as effective complementary methods to study dynamic formation of noncovalent aggregates. It is shown that the monomer–dimer equilibrium is driven by π–π or CH–π interactions and controlled largely by the substitution pattern of the calixsalen skeleton.
A Combined IM‐MS/DFT Study on [Pd(MPAA)]‐Catalyzed Enantioselective CH Activation: Relay of Chirality through a Rigid Framework
Authors: Cheng Gui‐Juan , Chen Ping , Sun Tian‐Yu , Zhang Xinhao , Yu Jin‐Quan , Wu Yun‐Dong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA combined ion‐mobility mass spectrometry (IM‐MS) and DFT study has been employed to investigate the mechanism and the origin of selectivity of palladium/mono‐N‐protected amino acid (MPAA)‐catalyzed enantioselective CH activation reactions of several prochiral substrates. We captured the [Pd(MPAA)(substrate)] complex at different stages, and demonstrated that the CH bond can be activated in the absence of an external base. DFT studies lead to the establishment of a significantly modified relay mechanism invoking a key conformational effect to account for the origin of enantioselectivity. This relay mechanism successfully accounts for the enantioselectivity for all the relevant reactions reported. The enantioselectivity originates from the rigid square‐planar Pd coordination in the CH activation transition state: Bidentate MPAA and substrate coordination.
From Polymer to Monomer: Cleavage and Rearrangement of Si‐O‐Si Bonds after Oxidation Yielded an Ordered Cyclic Crystallized Structure
Authors: Zuo Yujing , Gou Zhiming , Cao Jinfeng , Yang Zhou , Lu Haifeng , Feng Shengyu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPolymerization reactions are very common in the chemical industry, however, the reaction in which monomers are obtained from polymers is rarely invesitgated. This work reveals for the first time that oxone can break the Si‐O‐Si bond and induce further rearrangement to yield an ordered cyclic structure. The oxidation of P1, which is obtained by reaction of 2,2′‐1,2‐ethanediylbis(oxy)bis(ethanethiol) (DBOET) with 1,3‐divinyl‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane (MMVi), with oxone yielded cyclic crystallized sulfone–siloxane dimer (P1‐ox) after unexpected cleavage and rearrangement of the Si‐O‐Si bond.
Modeling the HCOOH/CO2 Electrocatalytic Reaction: When Details Are Key
Authors: Steinmann Stephan N. , Michel Carine , Schwiedernoch Renate , Filhol Jean‐Sebastien , Sautet Philippe 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOur first principles simulations of the electrooxidation of formic acid over nickel identify the reorientation of the formate intermediate and the desorption of CO2 as the rate‐limiting steps. Although they are not associated with an electron transfer, these barriers are strongly modified when the electrochemical potential is explicitly accounted for and when modeling the influence of the solvent. Hence, such a level of modeling is key to understand the kinetic limitations that penalize the reaction.
Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Hierarchical Amorphous Basic Nickel Carbonate Particles for Water Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Yang Yisu , Liang Fengli , Li Mengran , Rufford Thomas E. , Zhou Wei , Zhu Zhonghua 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAmorphous nickel carbonate particles are catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which plays a critical role in the electrochemical splitting of water. The amorphous nickel carbonate particles can be prepared at a temperature as low as 60 °C by an evaporation‐induced precipitation (EIP) method. The products feature hierarchical pore structures. The mass‐normalized activity of the catalysts, measured at an overpotential of 0.35 V, was 55.1 A g−1, with a Tafel slope of only 60 mV dec−1. This catalytic activity is superior to the performance of crystalline NiOx particles and β‐Ni(OH)2 particles, and compares favorably to state‐of‐the‐art RuO2 catalysts. The activity of the amorphous nickel carbonate is remarkably stable during a 10 000 s chronoamperometry test. Further optimization of synthesis parameters reveals that the amorphous structure can be tuned by adjusting the H2O/Ni ratio in the precursor mixture. These results suggest the potential application of easily prepared hierarchical basic nickel carbonate particles as cheap and robust OER catalysts with high activity.
Wind‐mediated horseweed (Conyza canadensis) gene flow: pollen emission, dispersion, and deposition
Authors: Huang Haiyan , Ye Rongjian , Qi Meilan , Li Xiangzhen , Miller David R. , Stewart Charles Neal , DuBois David W. , Wang Junming 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHorseweed (Conyza canadensis) is a problem weed in crop production because of its evolved resistance to glyphosate and other herbicides. Although horseweed is mainly self‐pollinating, glyphosate‐resistant (GR) horseweed can pollinate glyphosate‐susceptible (GS) horseweed. To the best of our knowledge, however, there are no available data on horseweed pollen production, dispersion, and deposition relative to gene flow and the evolution of resistance. To help fill this knowledge gap, a 43‐day field study was performed in Champaign, Illinois, USA in 2013 to characterize horseweed atmospheric pollen emission, dispersion, and deposition. Pollen concentration and deposition, coupled with atmospheric data, were measured in a source field (180 m by 46 m) and its surrounding areas up to 1 km downwind horizontally and up to 100 m vertically. The source strength (emission rate) ranged from 0 to 140 pollen grains per plant per second (1170 to 2.1×106 per plant per day). For the life of the study, the estimated number of pollen grains generated from this source field was 10.5×1010 (2.3×106 per plant). The release of horseweed pollen was not strongly correlated to meteorological data and may be mainly determined by horseweed physiology. Horseweed pollen reached heights of 80 to100 m, making long‐distance transport possible. Normalized (by source data) pollen deposition with distance followed a negative‐power exponential curve. Normalized pollen deposition was 2.5% even at 480 m downwind from the source edge. Correlation analysis showed that close to or inside the source field at lower heights (≤3 m) vertical transport was related to vertical wind speed, while horizontal pollen transport was related to horizontal wind speed. High relative humidity prevented pollen transport at greater heights (3–100 m) and longer distances (0–1000 m) from the source. This study can contribute to the understanding of how herbicide‐resistance weeds or invasive plants affect ecology through wind‐mediated pollination and invasion.
Discovery–dominance trade‐off among widespread invasive ant species
Authors: Bertelsmeier Cleo , Avril Amaury , Blight Olivier , Jourdan Hervé , Courchamp Franck 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAnts are among the most problematic invasive species. They displace numerous native species, alter ecosystem processes, and can have negative impacts on agriculture and human health. In part, their success might stem from a departure from the discovery–dominance trade‐off that can promote co‐existence in native ant communities, that is, invasive ants are thought to be at the same time behaviorally dominant and faster discoverers of resources, compared to native species. However, it has not yet been tested whether similar asymmetries in behavioral dominance, exploration, and recruitment abilities also exist among invasive species. Here, we establish a dominance hierarchy among four of the most problematic invasive ants (Linepithema humile, Lasius neglectus, Wasmannia auropunctata, Pheidole megacephala) that may be able to arrive and establish in the same areas in the future. To assess behavioral dominance, we used confrontation experiments, testing the aggressiveness in individual and group interactions between all species pairs. In addition, to compare discovery efficiency, we tested the species' capacity to locate a food resource in a maze, and the capacity to recruit nestmates to exploit a food resource. The four species differed greatly in their capacity to discover resources and to recruit nestmates and to dominate the other species. Our results are consistent with a discovery–dominance trade‐off. The species that showed the highest level of interspecific aggressiveness and dominance during dyadic interactions.
Drivers of Australian dust: a case study of frontal winds and dust dynamics in the lower lake Eyre basin
Authors: Baddock Matthew , Parsons Katherine , Strong Craiq , Leys John , McTainsh Grant 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe roles of pre‐frontal, frontal and post‐frontal winds as the primary wind systems for dust entrainment and transport in Australia are well established. While the relevance of each system has been observed across different wind erosion events in central Australia, the entrainment of dust by all three winds during the passage of an individual front has not been demonstrated until now. Synoptic information, satellite aerosol and imagery, meteorological and dust concentration data are presented for a single case study erosion event in the lower Lake Eyre Basin. This event demonstrates variable dust transport in three different directions from one of the southern Hemisphere's most significant source regions, and the changing nature of the active dust pathways during the passage of a frontal system. While only a single dust event is considered, the findings show the complexity of mineral aerosol emission and transport patterns even within an individual dust outbreak. For the lower Lake Eyre Basin, this appreciation of pathway behaviour is significant for better understanding the role of aeolian inputs from the dominant Australian source to surrounding marine systems. In a wider context, the findings exhibit the detailed insights into major dust source dynamics that can be obtained from high resolution spatial and particularly temporal data, as used in combination. This work highlights the importance of adequately resolved data for the accurate determination of dust entrainment and transport patterns of major dust sources. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile Synthesis of 5‐Hexyl‐4‐methyl‐γ‐butyrolactone via Nef Reaction as a Key Step
Authors: Li Zhi , Wang Changwei , Feng Pengju 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA racemic cis/trans mixture of 5‐hexyl‐4‐methyl‐γ‐butyrolactone was easily synthesized from 1‐iodoheptane in four steps with inexpensive and readily available reagents. Our new synthesis method can be potentially employed for mass production of the 4‐methyl‐5‐hexyl‐γ‐butyrolactone as well as other poly‐alkyl substituted γ‐butyrolactones.
New Casbane Diterpenoids from the Hainan Soft Coral Sinularia Species
Authors: Yang Bin , Huang Jingxia , Lin Xiuping , Liao Shengrong , Zhou Xuefeng , Liu Juan , Wang Junfeng , Wang Lishu , Liu Yonghong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSix new casbane diterpenoids, sinularcasbanes G–L (1–6, resp.) were isolated from the soft coral Sinularia sp. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses, especially 2D‐NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS. The configuration was confirmed by CD analyses and by comparison with data reported in the literature. The compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against ten human cancer cell lines (H1975, U937, K562, BGC823, MOLT‐4, MCF‐7, A549, HeLa, HL60, and Huh‐7) and showed no activity.
Spatiotemporal variability of water quality and stable water isotopes in intensively managed prairie watersheds
Authors: Untereiner Erin , Ali Genevieve , Stadnyk Tricia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLow‐relief and highly engineered prairie landscapes present many challenges for water quality modelling. Limited investigation has been carried out to determine whether drains, canals and diversions (artificial waterways) impact water quality relative to natural or naturalized systems or to assess the value of stable water isotopes as predictor variables for specific water quality metrics. The goal of this paper is to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of water chemistry in a typical prairie watershed by (1) comparing water quality and stable water isotopic ratios between naturalized and artificial waterways; (2) evaluating the relationships between topographic and land use characteristics, water quality and stable water isotopic ratios; and (3) expressing and predicting PO4 concentrations as a function of stable water isotopic ratios. Focus was on the 2509 km2 mostly agricultural Seine River Watershed located in southern Manitoba, Canada. Twenty‐four sampling sites located along naturalized river reaches, drains and diversions were visited once a week from May to June 2013. Surface water samples were collected and tested for physical water quality parameters and PO4 concentrations, δ2H and δ18O. Kruskal–Wallis tests show no significant differences in water chemistry among waterway types, while strong correlations were found between physical water quality parameters, PO4 concentrations, isotopic ratios and watershed characteristics. PO4 concentrations were successfully predicted from isotopic ratios using linear regression models. These results bear significant importance for the mostly ungauged prairie watersheds, thanks to the relative ease and lower cost of measuring stable water isotopic ratios in comparison to nutrient concentrations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PID Effect of c‐Si Modules: Study of Degradation and Recovery to More Closely Mimic Field Behavior
Authors: Jaeckel Bengt , Cosic Marijo , Arp Juergen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecent research demonstrates several failure modes of photovoltaic modules operating under high electric potentials. In crystalline‐silicon modules, the predominant failure mode is potential‐induced degradation (PID), causing dramatic power losses in systems under high voltage and critical polarity. Environmental conditions highly influence the degradation behavior. The ability to reproduce field observation in the laboratory is challenging and not all stressors can be checked simultaneously. PID and its root cause are not fully understood, but we know several mechanisms are working simultaneously and at varying rates. The main mechanisms are degradation, characterized by ion diffusion and cell shunting, and recovery, driven by temperature, voltage, and potential. Most studies have focused on simulating module degradation using a constant set of parameters. However, field exposure to high voltage is variable, measured by the hour. In 2012, Nagel presented a module stability test with varying environmental conditions, notably temperature. To investigate PID remedies, this research develops a testing procedure that reproduces field observations while understanding that some modules do not degrade in real PV installations under high potentials. Conductive foil is applied to the front side of the module and voltage cycling is introduced to examine potential‐induced degradation and potential‐induced recovery behavior. The relationship between the two defines a PID stability criterion. Results show general PID sensitivity and suitable remedies for PID affected systems. PID recovery and protection solutions include applying recovery potential at night, and potential shifting, which regulates potential for the module string. This paper explores possible degradation mechanisms, recovery of module output power and PID stability criteria.
Assessing Systemic Importance With a Fuzzy Logic Inference System
Authors: León Carlos , Machado Clara , Murcia Andrés 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThree metrics are designed to assess Colombian financial institutions' size, connectedness and non‐substitutability as the main drivers of systemic importance: (i) centrality as net borrower in the money market network; (ii) centrality as payments originator in the large‐value payment system network; and (iii) asset value of core financial services. An aggregated systemic importance index is calculated based on expert knowledge by using a fuzzy logic inference system. We use principal component analysis to calculate a benchmark index for comparison purposes. Overall similarities between both indexes put forward that expert knowledge aggregation is consistent with that based on a purely quantitative standard approach. Specific non‐negligible differences concur with the nonlinear features of an approach whose intention is to replicate human reasoning. Both indexes are complementary and provide a comprehensive relative assessment of each financial institution's systemic importance in the Colombian case, in which the choice of metrics pursues the macroprudential perspective of financial stability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.