bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between apolipoprotein A‐IV concentrations and chronic kidney disease in two large population‐based cohorts: results from the KORA studies
Authors: Stangl S. , Kollerits B. , Lamina C. , Meisinger C. , Huth C. , Stöckl A. , Dähnhardt D. , Böger C. A. , Krämer B. K. , Peters A. , Kronenberg F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundApolipoprotein A‐IV (apoA‐IV) is an anti‐atherogenic and antioxidative glycoprotein. Plasma apoA‐IV levels are elevated in patients with primary chronic kidney disease (CKD) or renal failure. The association between apoA‐IV and kidney function has not been investigated in the general population; therefore, we analysed this relationship in two large population‐based cohorts.MethodsPlasma apoA‐IV concentrations were measured in the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F3 (n = 3159) and KORA F4 (n = 3061) studies. CKD was defined by the serum creatinine‐estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and/or urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio.ResultsMean (±SD) apoA‐IV concentration was 17.3 ± 4.7 mg dL−1 in KORA F3 and 15.3 ± 4.3 mg dL−1 in KORA F4. Fully adjusted linear mixed models revealed a significant association between apoA‐IV concentration and lower eGFR in the third and fourth versus the first quartile of apoA‐IV (β = −1.78 mL min−1/1.73 m², P = 0.0003 and β = −5.09 mL min−1/1.73 m², P = 2.83 × 10–23, respectively). ApoA‐IV was significantly associated with an eGFR of <60 mL min−1/1.73 m², which was observed in 601 of the 6220 study participants [odds ratio (OR) 1.46, P = 0.03 and OR 3.47, P = 6.84 × 10−15 for the third and fourth vs. the first quartile of apoA‐IV, respectively]. Adding apoA‐IV (fourth vs. first quartile) to the fully adjusted model significantly improved discrimination of eGFR <60 mL min−1/1.73 m² in KORA F3 [integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) 0.03, P = 1.30 × 10−7] and KORA F4 (IDI 0.04, P = 1.32 × 10−9) beyond classical risk factors for CKD.ConclusionThe present analysis in two population‐based cohorts revealed that high plasma apoA‐IV concentrations are strongly associated with low kidney function defined by eGFR independent of major CKD risk factors. ApoA‐IV appears to be an early marker of impaired kidney function.
Understanding readers' differing understandings
Authors: Kucer Stephen B. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis research examines the characteristics of reader understandings that vary from those stated in the text. Eighty‐seven fourth graders orally read complex academic literary and scientific texts, followed by probed retellings. Retold ideas not directly supported by, or reflective of, the texts were identified. These differing understandings served as a foundation for the development of a taxonomy that classified them by type: conflation, conceptual knowledge, text/rhetorical structure, lexical knowledge, cause/effect, extension, association and misremembering. Approximately 60% of the differing understandings across the texts were conflations and extensions. However, particular texts did reflect particular types of differing understandings. In general, differing understandings were found to be reflective of the very active nature of the comprehension process. These meanings serve as a challenge to the current emphasis on close reading and the generation of text‐based meanings because the natural consequence of such activity are differing understandings.
Sustainability of A Pay‐as‐you‐Go Pension System in A Small Open Economy with Ageing, Human Capital and Endogenous Fertility
Authors: Stauvermann Peter J. , Kumar Ronald R. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe aim of the article is to theoretically investigate if a pay‐as‐you‐go (PAYG) pension system is sustainable in the presence of a declining population and increasing longevity of the retired generation. For this purpose, we use an overlapping generation model with endogenous fertility, endogenous longevity and human capital accumulation in a small open economy. We find that pensions will always increase as long as it is beneficial for parents to invest in human capital. Furthermore, we get the result that the ratio between pension benefits and the consumption of the young generation will strive to a positive limit value, and that a pure PAYG pension system will not run into any solvency problem due to a decreasing fertility rate or ageing.
A family empowerment program for families having children with thalassemia, Thailand
Authors: Wacharasin Chintana , Phaktoop Maneerat , Sananreangsak Siriyupa 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this quasi‐experimental design study was to examine the effectiveness of a family empowerment program (FEP) on family functioning and empowerment among 56 families having children with thalassemia. The 26 families in the experimental group received the FEP and usual care, while 30 families in the control group received usual care. Data collection occurred through family functioning and empowerment questionnaires. Between‐group differences were tested with t‐tests and analysis of variance. The result revealed that family caregivers who participated in the FEP had significantly increased family functioning and empowerment scores over time. The FEP can be used as a powerful intervention for assisting families and children with thalassemia and the education of health professionals.
Maize maintains growth in response to decreased nitrate supply through a highly dynamic and developmental stage‐specific transcriptional response
Authors: Plett Darren , Baumann Ute , Schreiber Andreas W. , Holtham Luke , Kalashyan Elena , Toubia John , Nau John , Beatty Mary , Rafalski Antoni , Dhugga Kanwarpal S. , Tester Mark , Garnett Trevor , Kaiser Brent N. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryElucidation of the gene networks underlying the response to N supply and demand will facilitate the improvement of the N uptake efficiency of plants. We undertook a transcriptomic analysis of maize to identify genes responding to both a non‐growth‐limiting decrease in provision and to development‐based N demand changes at seven representative points across the life cycle. Gene co‐expression networks were derived by cluster analysis of the transcript profiles. The majority of ‐responsive transcription occurred at 11 (D11), 18 (D18) and 29 (D29) days after emergence, with differential expression predominating in the root at D11 and D29 and in the leaf at D18. A cluster of 98 probe sets was identified, the expression pattern of which is similar to that of the high‐affinity transporter (NRT2) genes across the life cycle. The cluster is enriched with genes encoding enzymes and proteins of lipid metabolism and transport, respectively. These are candidate genes for the response of maize to N supply and demand. Only a few patterns of differential gene expression were observed over the entire life cycle; however, the composition of the classes of the genes differentially regulated at individual time points was unique, suggesting tightly controlled regulation of ‐responsive gene expression.
Identification and validation of a quantitative trait locus associated with wheat yellow mosaic virus pathotype I resistance in a Japanese wheat variety
Authors: Kojima Hisayo , Nishio Zenta , Kobayashi Fuminori , Saito Mika , Sasaya Takahide , Kiribuchi‐Otobe Chikako , Seki Masako , Oda Shunsuke , Nakamura Toshiki 
Published: June 2015

AbstractYellow mosaic disease, caused by wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), is one of the most serious diseases of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Japan. The three pathotypes of WYMV are distributed in different geographical areas: pathotype I is found mainly in western and central Japan (Kanto), pathotype II in northern Japan (Tohoku and Hokkaido) and pathotype III on the southern island of Japan (Kyushu). A total of 246 doubled‐haploid (DH) lines, derived from a cross between ‘Yumechikara’ (resistant) and ‘Kitahonami’ (susceptible), were evaluated for 2 years for their resistance to WYMV pathotype I. A single major quantitative trait locus, Q.Ymym, mapping to chromosome 2D was associated with resistance to pathotype I in ‘Yumechikara’. This is the first time a QTL responsible for pathotype I resistance has been identified. Fine mapping of Q.Ymym indicated that it was on a tight linkage block originating from ‘Yumechikara’, and the markers associated with this block will accelerate the development of varieties resistant to WYMV pathotype I.
Controls of the quantum yield and saturation light of isoprene emission in different‐aged aspen leaves
Authors: Niinemets Ülo , Sun Zhihong , Talts Eero 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLeaf age alters the balance between the use of end‐product of plastidic isoprenoid synthesis pathway, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP), in prenyltransferase reactions leading to synthesis of pigments of photosynthetic machinery and in isoprene synthesis, but the implications of such changes on environmental responses of isoprene emission have not been studied. Because under light‐limited conditions, isoprene emission rate is controlled by DMADP pool size (SDMADP), shifts in the share of different processes are expected to particularly strongly alter the light dependency of isoprene emission. We examined light responses of isoprene emission in young fully expanded, mature and old non‐senescent leaves of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides) and estimated in vivo SDMADP and isoprene synthase activity from post‐illumination isoprene release. Isoprene emission capacity was 1.5‐fold larger in mature than in young and old leaves. The initial quantum yield of isoprene emission (αI) increased by 2.5‐fold with increasing leaf age primarily as the result of increasing SDMADP. The saturating light intensity (QI90) decreased by 2.3‐fold with increasing leaf age, and this mainly reflected limited light‐dependent increase of SDMADP possibly due to feedback inhibition by DMADP. These major age‐dependent changes in the shape of the light response need consideration in modelling canopy isoprene emission.
Using CBPR to Assess Client Needs at a Social Service Agency
Authors: Amendola Mary Grace , Nazario Noelia , Sanchez Veronica 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCommunity‐based participatory research (CBPR) has become an important research approach for universities to partner with social service agencies by uniting them in project design, planning, implementation, and evaluation.ObjectivesThis study involved FOCUS, an urban social service agency, and Rutgers College of Nursing (RUCON) collaboratively conducting a needs assessment to compare the health needs of its clients and their employees' perception of their clients health needs, utilizing CBPR.DesignQualitative data was collected using the focus group method, field notes, photographs, and observation. The employees of FOCUS facilitated focus groups, participant recruitment, and transcribed and translated data.ResultsThree themes emerged: Health Education, Cost of Health Care, and Barriers to Health Care.ConclusionThis study contributes to the growing body of knowledge of integrating the CBPR approach when conducting a community needs assessment with a social service agency. The CBPR approach closely reflects the identified health needs of its clients resulting in interventions that will meet their specific health needs.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in keloid tissues and TGF‐β1–induced hair follicle outer root sheath keratinocytes
Authors: Yan Li , Cao Rui , Wang Lianzhao , Liu Yuanbo , Pan Bo , Yin Yanhua , Lv Xiaoyan , Zhuang Qiang , Sun Xuejian , Xiao Ran 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTKeloid is a skin fibrotic disease with the characteristics of recurrence and invasion, its pathogenesis still remains unrevealed. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical for wound healing, fibrosis, recurrence, and invasion of cancer. We sought to investigate the EMT in keloid and the mechanism through which the EMT regulates keloid formation. In keloid tissues, the expressions of EMT‐associated markers and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1/Smad3 signaling were examined by immunohistochemistry. In the keloid epidermis and dermal tissue, the expressions of genes related to the regulation of skin homeostasis, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and p63, were analyzed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that accompanying the loss of the epithelial marker E‐cadherin and the gain of the mesenchymal markers fibroblast‐specific protein 1 (FSP1) and vimentin in epithelial cells from epidermis and skin appendages, and in endothelial cells from dermal microvessels, enhanced TGF‐β1 expression and Smad3 phosphorylation were noted in keloid tissues. Moreover, alternative splicing of the FGFR2 gene switched the predominantly expressed isoform from FGFR2‐IIIb to ‐IIIc, concomitant with the decreased expression of ΔNp63 and TAp63, which changes might partially account for abnormal epidermis and appendages in keloids. In addition, we found that TGF‐β1‐induced hair follicle outer root sheath keratinocytes (ORSKs) and normal skin epithelial cells underwent EMT in vitro with ORSKs exhibiting more obvious EMT changes and more similar expression profiles for EMT‐associated and skin homeostasis‐related genes as in keloid tissues, suggesting that ORSKs might play crucial roles in the EMT in keloids. Our study provided insights into the molecular mechanisms mediating the EMT pathogenesis of keloids.
Higher shoe-surface interaction is associated with doubling of lower extremity injury risk in football codes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Thomson Athol , Whiteley Rod , Bleakley Chris 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundTurning or cutting on a planted foot may be an important inciting event for lower limb injury, particularly when shoe-surface traction is high. We systematically reviewed the relationship between shoe-surface interaction and lower-extremity injury in football sports.MethodsA systematic literature search of four databases was conducted up to November 2014. Prospective studies investigating the relationship between rotational traction and injury rate were included. Two researchers independently extracted outcome data and assessed the quality of included studies using a modified Downs and Black index. Effect sizes (OR+95% CIs) were calculated using RevMan software. Where possible, data were pooled using the fixed effect model.ResultsThree prospective studies were included (4972 male athletes). The methodological quality was generally good with studies meeting 68–89% of the assessment criteria. All studies categorised athletes into low (lowest mean value 15 nm) or high traction groups (highest mean value 74 nm) based on standardised preseason testing. In all cases, injury reporting was undertaken prospectively over approximately three seasons, with verification from a medical practitioner. Injury data focused on: all lower limb injuries, ankle/knee injuries or ACL injury only. There was a clear relationship between rotational traction and injury and the direction and magnitude of effect sizes were consistent across studies. The pooled data from the three studies (OR=2.73, 95% CI 2.13 to 3.15; χ2=3.19, df=2, p=0.21; I2=36.5%) suggest that the odds of injury are approximately 2.5 times higher when higher levels of rotational traction are present at the shoe-surface interface.Summary and conclusionsHigher levels of rotational traction influence lower limb injury risk in American Football athletes. We conclude that this warrants considerable attention from clinicians and others interested in injury prevention across all football codes.
What is mental health? Evidence towards a new definition from a mixed methods multidisciplinary international survey
Authors: Manwell Laurie A , Barbic Skye P , Roberts Karen , Durisko Zachary , Lee Cheolsoon , Ware Emma , McKenzie Kwame 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveLack of consensus on the definition of mental health has implications for research, policy and practice. This study aims to start an international, interdisciplinary and inclusive dialogue to answer the question:What are the core concepts of mental health?Design and participants50 people with expertise in the field of mental health from 8 countries completed an online survey. They identified the extent to which 4 current definitions were adequate and what the core concepts of mental health were. A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted of their responses. The results were validated at a consensus meeting of 58 clinicians, researchers and people with lived experience.Results46% of respondents rated the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC, 2006) definition as the most preferred, 30% stated that none of the 4 definitions were satisfactory and only 20% said the WHO (2001) definition was their preferred choice. The least preferred definition of mental health was the general definition of health adapted from Huberet al(2011). The core concepts of mental health were highly varied and reflected different processes people used to answer the question. These processes includedthe overarching perspective or point of reference of respondents (positionality), the frameworks used to describe the core concepts (paradigms, theories and models), and the way social and environmental factors were considered to act. Thecore concepts of mental healthidentified were mainly individual and functional, in that they related to the ability or capacity of a person to effectively deal with or change his/her environment. A preliminary model for the processes used to conceptualise mental health is presented.ConclusionsAnswers to the question, ‘What are the core concepts of mental health?’ are highly dependent on the empirical frame used. Understanding these empirical frames is key to developing a useful consensus definition for diverse populations.
Selected maternal morbidities in women with a prior caesarean delivery planning vaginal birth or elective repeat caesarean section: a retrospective cohort analysis using data from the UK Obstetric Surveillance System
Authors: Nair Manisha , Soffer Kate , Noor Nudrat , Knight Marian , Griffiths Malcolm 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo conduct a secondary analysis of data from the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) to estimate the rates of specific maternal risks associated with planned vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) and elective repeat caesarean section (ERCS).DesignA retrospective cohort analysis using UKOSS data from 4 studies conducted between 2005 and 2012.SettingAll hospitals with consultant-led maternity units in the UK.PopulationPregnant women who had a previous caesarean section.MethodWomen who had undergone a previous caesarean section were divided into 2 exposure groups: planned VBAC and ERCS. We calculated the incidence of each of the 4 outcomes of interest with 95% CIs for the 2 exposure groups using proxy denominators (total estimated VBAC and ERCS maternities in a given year). Incidences were compared between groups using χ2test or Fisher's exact test and risk ratios with 95% CI.Main outcome measuresSevere maternal morbidities: peripartum hysterectomy, severe sepsis, peripartum haemorrhage and failed tracheal intubation.ResultsThe risks of all complications examined in both groups were low. The rates of peripartum hysterectomy, severe sepsis, peripartum haemorrhage and failed tracheal intubation were not significantly different between the 2 groups in absolute or relative terms.ConclusionsWhile the risk of uterine rupture in the VBAC and ERCS groups is well understood, this national study did not demonstrate any other clear differences in the outcomes we examined. The absolute and relative risks of maternal complications were small in both groups. Large epidemiological studies could further help to assess whether the incidence of these rare outcomes would significantly differ between the VBAC and ERCS groups if a larger number of cases were to be examined. In the interim, this study provides important information to help pregnant women in their decision-making process.
Tackling risky alcohol consumption in sport: a cluster randomised controlled trial of an alcohol management intervention with community football clubs
Authors: Kingsland Melanie , Wolfenden Luke , Tindall Jennifer , Rowland Bosco C , Lecathelinais Christophe , Gillham Karen E , Dodds Pennie , Sidey Maree N , Rogerson John C , McElduff Patrick , Crundall Ian , Wiggers John H 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundAn increased prevalence of risky alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm has been reported for members of sporting groups and at sporting venues compared with non-sporting populations. While sports clubs and venues represent opportune settings to implement strategies to reduce such risks, no controlled trials have been reported. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of an alcohol management intervention in reducing risky alcohol consumption and the risk of alcohol-related harm among community football club members.MethodA cluster randomised controlled trial of an alcohol management intervention was undertaken with non-elite, community football clubs and their members in New South Wales, Australia. Risky alcohol consumption (5+ drinks) at the club and risk of alcohol-related harm using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were measured at baseline and postintervention.ResultsEighty-eight clubs participated in the trial (n=43, Intervention; n=45, Control) and separate cross-sectional samples of club members completed the baseline (N=1411) and postintervention (N=1143) surveys. Postintervention, a significantly lower proportion of intervention club members reported: risky alcohol consumption at the club (Intervention: 19%; Control: 24%; OR: 0.63 (95% CI 0.40 to 1.00); p=0.05); risk of alcohol-related harm (Intervention: 38%; Control: 45%; OR: 0.58 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.87); p<0.01); alcohol consumption risk (Intervention: 47%; Control: 55%; OR: 0.60 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.87); p<0.01) and possible alcohol dependence (Intervention: 1%; Control: 4%; OR: 0.20 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.65); p<0.01).ConclusionsWith large numbers of people worldwide playing, watching and sports officiating, enhancing club-based alcohol management interventions could make a substantial contribution to reducing the burden of alcohol misuse in communities.Trial registration numberACTRN12609000224224.
Combined EGFR/MEK Inhibition Prevents the Emergence of Resistance in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer
Authors: Tricker Erin M. , Xu Chunxiao , Uddin Sharmeen , Capelletti Marzia , Ercan Dalia , Ogino Atsuko , Pratilas Christine A. , Rosen Neal , Gray Nathanael S. , Wong Kwok-Kin , Jänne Pasi A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Irreversible pyrimidine-based EGFR inhibitors, including WZ4002, selectively inhibit both EGFR-activating and EGFR inhibitor–resistant T790M mutations more potently than wild-type EGFR. Although this class of mutant-selective EGFR inhibitors is effective clinically in lung cancer patients harboring EGFRT790M, prior preclinical studies demonstrate that acquired resistance can occur through genomic alterations that activate ERK1/2 signaling. Here, we find that ERK1/2 reactivation occurs rapidly following WZ4002 treatment. Concomitant inhibition of ERK1/2 by the MEK inhibitor trametinib prevents ERK1/2 reactivation, enhances WZ4002-induced apoptosis, and inhibits the emergence of resistance in WZ4002-sensitive models known to acquire resistance via both T790M-dependent and T790M-independent mechanisms. Resistance to WZ4002 in combination with trametinib eventually emerges due to AKT/mTOR reactivation. These data suggest that initial cotargeting of EGFR and MEK could significantly impede the development of acquired resistance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer.
Significance: Patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer develop acquired resistance to EGFR and mutant-selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Here, we show that cotargeting EGFR and MEK can prevent the emergence of a broad variety of drug resistance mechanisms in vitro and in vivo and may be a superior therapeutic regimen for these patients. Cancer Discov; 5(9); 960–71. ©2015 AACR.
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