bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Spirituality, Politics of Self-empowerment, Citizenship, and Democracy in Contemporary India
Authors: GOOPTU NANDINI 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIndia has seen a recent upsurge in spiritual practices promoted by an entrepreneurial breed of leaders and organizations. Their primary preoccupation is not to preach religious faith and belief or to promote ritual practice, but to provide guidance on psychological and physical well-being, happiness, and a healthy lifestyle. They offer strategies for healing and re-energizing, and advocate self-management and self-development as tools of both material advancement and mental contentment. Spiritual practices emphasize individual agency, personal empowerment, and reliance on one's own ‘inner’ resources, and valorize the autonomous, self-governed citizen as the protagonist of a modern and modernizing nation. While being reminiscent of the sacralization of everyday life and the rise of the ‘self-ethic’ in New Age spiritual movements in the West, Hindu versions of new spirituality in India draw upon religious traditions and construct a narrative of laicization of the esoteric and people-centric spirituality, consonant with the prevalent democratic zeitgeist. This article explores the implications of these developments for political subjectivity, religious identity, and notions of citizenship and democracy.
Why is the equilibrium notion essential for a unified institutional theory? A friendly remark on the article by Hindriks and Guala
Authors: AOKI MASAHIKO 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis short commentary basically supports the unified approach to institutions of Hindriks and Guala (2014). First, using a flow diagram over the two-by-two boxes in the space spanned by the collective-individual dimension and the behavior (play)-cognitive (belief) dimension, it argues that the classical game theory and the so-called institution-as-rule theory are both incomplete and that they should be regarded as complementary for an integrated theory of institution as a process. However, the substantive forms of institutions ought to be linguistic representations (i.e. rules and ideas) that summarize equilibrium states of play of the societal game so as to mediate them to be incorporated into minds of players as collective intentionality (i.e. shared beliefs). From this perspective this note also supports the authors’ argument to unpack the ‘Y’ term in Searle's notion of constitutive rule (that is, the regulative rule) and submit it to be based on a neo-Hegelian notion of mutual recognition (i.e. equilibrium).
Money
Authors: Lonergan Eric 
Published: March 2015

Over the past year, we have seen banks tumble, City firms collapse and the advent of the worst financial crisis since the 1930s. At the heart of these events lies the pursuit of money. But just what is this thing that seems so powerful and omnipresent and yet is physically worthless  a piece of paper, or a digit on a computer screen? How does it work? And, more importantly, how far can we control the power it has over our lives? Eric Lonergan explores our complex relationship with money. In a provocative and insightful analysis, Lonergan argues that few things seem to matter more to us, but few things are as poorly understood. Economists have long worked with the theory that our relationship to money is rational, but not all our reactions to it make sense. Lonergan shows that many of our views about money, credit and saving are little better than prejudices. The same social and emotional forces that affect quant traders in the worlds financial markets can be seen in the mania of Pokémon card trading in the school playground. This fascinating book reveals the tension between moneys capacity to assist us in our lives and its propensity to cause instability and to distort our values. We are limited in our ability to control moneys power, says Lonergan, but only by understanding money better, and thinking about it less, may we get on with enjoying what we have.
Love
Authors: Milligan Tony 
Published: March 2015

Does love conquer all? Is it a many splendored thing? Or is it, as Schopenhauer thought, just natures way of duping us into producing the next generation? Whats good about being in the grip of a delusion that requires a ridiculously inflated estimation of the subject of our affections? How can the grasping, selfish, egocentric behaviour that intimate love brings be a subject worthy of poets? Philosopher Tony Milligan brings his keen analytical skills to bear on our need to love and be loved. Along the way, filial, parental and friendship love are discussed, but the main focus of his attention is the sexualised, intimate love that can exist between partners, and which has been idolized for millennia. Milligan explores how the nature of love and our experience of it is inextricably bound up with our own notions of self and self-doubt. He considers the place of intimacy, togetherness, and sexual desire in love and uses the notions of loss, irreplaceability and shared history to illustrate the nature of love. Anyone who has lived and loved will find Milligans exploration illuminating and insightful.
Geschlechtseffekte bei Intelligenz- und Gedächtnisleistungen
Authors: Lepach Anja C. , Reimers Wiebke , Pauls Franz , Petermann Franz , Daseking Monika 
Published: March 2015

Diese Studie untersucht die Zusammenhänge von Intelligenz- und Gedächtnisleistungen in der Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV und der Wechsler Memory Scale-IV unter Berücksichtigung des Geschlechts (N = 137 Gesunde, 63 w/74 m). Ein Vorteil der weiblichen Testpersonen im verbalen episodischen Gedächtnis sowie in einzelnen Aufgaben zur Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit konnte beobachtet werden. Die männlichen Testpersonen schnitten in den Untertests Allgemeines Wissen und Visuelle Puzzles besser ab. Wie gut Gedächtnisleistungen Intelligenzleistungen erklären beziehungsweise vorhersagen, ist aufgrund unserer Ergebnisse nicht nur abhängig von den Aufgaben, sondern auch vom Geschlecht.
RB loss in resistant EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinomas that transform to small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Niederst Matthew J. , Sequist Lecia V. , Poirier John T. , Mermel Craig H. , Lockerman Elizabeth L. , Garcia Angel R. , Katayama Ryohei , Costa Carlotta , Ross Kenneth N. , Moran Teresa , Howe Emily , Fulton Linnea E. , Mulvey Hillary E. , Bernardo Lindsay A. , Mohamoud Farhiya , Miyoshi Norikatsu , VanderLaan Paul A. , Costa Daniel B. , Jänne Pasi A. , Borger Darrell R. , Ramaswamy Sridhar , Shioda Toshi , Iafrate Anthony J. , Getz Gad , Rudin Charles M. , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Engelman Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective treatments for non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. However, relapse typically occurs after an average of 1 year of continuous treatment. A fundamental histological transformation from NSCLC to small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is observed in a subset of the resistant cancers, but the molecular changes associated with this transformation remain unknown. Analysis of tumour samples and cell lines derived from resistant EGFR mutant patients revealed that Retinoblastoma (RB) is lost in 100% of these SCLC transformed cases, but rarely in those that remain NSCLC. Further, increased neuroendocrine marker and decreased EGFR expression as well as greater sensitivity to BCL2 family inhibition are observed in resistant SCLC transformed cancers compared with resistant NSCLCs. Together, these findings suggest that this subset of resistant cancers ultimately adopt many of the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of classical SCLC.
Total synthesis of clostrubin
Authors: Yang Ming , Li Jian , Li Ang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractClostrubin is a potent antibiotic against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant bacteria that was isolated from a strictly anaerobic bacterium Clostridium beijerinckii in 2014. This polyphenol possesses a fully substituted arene moiety on its pentacyclic scaffold, which poses a considerable challenge for chemical synthesis. Here we report the first total synthesis of clostrubin in nine steps (the longest linear sequence). A desymmetrization strategy is exploited based on the inherent structural feature of the natural product. Barton–Kellogg olefination forges the two segments together to form a tetrasubstituted alkene. A photo-induced 6π electrocyclization followed by spontaneous aromatization constructs the hexasubstituted B ring at a late stage. In total, 200 mg of clostrubin are delivered through this approach.
Mobile dune fixation by a fast-growing clonal plant: a full life-cycle analysis
Authors: Li Shou-Li , Yu Fei-Hai , Werger Marinus J. A. , Dong Ming , During Heinjo J. , Zuidema Pieter A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDesertification is a global environmental problem and arid dunes with sparse vegetation are especially vulnerable to desertification. One way to combat desertification is to increase vegetation cover by planting plant species that can realize fast population expansion, even in harsh environments. To evaluate the success of planted species and provide guidance for selecting proper species to stabilize active dunes, demographic studies in natural habitats are essential. We studied the life history traits and population dynamics of a dominant clonal shrub Hedysarum laeve in Inner-Mongolia, northern China. Vital rates of 19057 ramets were recorded during three annual censuses (2007–2009) and used to parameterize Integral Projection Models to analyse population dynamics. The life history of H. laeve was characterized by high ramet turnover and population recruitment entirely depended on clonal propagation. Stochastic population growth rate was 1.32, suggesting that the populations were experiencing rapid expansion. Elasticity analysis revealed that clonal propagation was the key contributor to population growth. The capacity of high clonal propagation and rapid population expansion in mobile dunes makes H. laeve a suitable species to combat desertification. Species with similar life-history traits to H. laeve are likely to offer good opportunities for stabilizing active dunes in arid inland ecosystems.
Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in the Badain Jaran Desert, China
Authors: Jiao Jiu Jimmy , Zhang Xiaotao , Wang Xusheng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDespite prevailing dry conditions, groundwater-fed lakes are found among the earth's tallest sand dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert, China. Indirect evidence suggests that some lakes are shrinking. However, relatively few studies have been carried out to assess the regional groundwater conditions and the fate of the lakes due to the remoteness and severity of the desert environment. Here we use satellite information to demonstrate an ongoing slow decrease in both lake level and groundwater storage. Specifically, we use Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite altimetry data to quantify water levels of the lakes and show overall decreases from 2003 to 2009. We also use water storage changes from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and simulated soil and water changes from the Global Land Data Assimilation System to demonstrate long-term groundwater depletion in the desert. Rainfall increase driven by climate change has increased soil water and groundwater storage to a certain degree but not enough to compensate for the long-term decline. If countermeasures are not taken to control the pumping, many lakes will continue to shrink, causing an ecological and environmental disaster in the fragile desert oases.
The coelacanth rostral organ is a unique low-resolution electro-detector that facilitates the feeding strike
Authors: Berquist Rachel M. , Galinsky Vitaly L. , Kajiura Stephen M. , Frank Lawrence R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe cartilaginous and non-neopterygian bony fishes have an electric sense typically comprised of hundreds or thousands of sensory canals distributed in broad clusters over the head. This morphology facilitates neural encoding of local electric field intensity, orientation and polarity, used for determining the position of nearby prey. The coelacanth rostral organ electric sense, however, is unique in having only three paired sensory canals with distribution restricted to the dorsal snout, raising questions about its function. To address this, we employed magnetic resonance imaging methods to map electrosensory canal morphology in the extant coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae and a simple dipole ‘rabbit ears’ antennae model with toroidal gain function to approximate their directional sensitivity. This identified a unique focal region of electrosensitivity directly in front of the mouth and is the first evidence of a low-resolution electro-detector that solely facilitates prey ingestion.
Superpersistent currents and whispering gallery modes in relativistic quantum chaotic systems
Authors: Xu Hongya , Huang Liang , Lai Ying-Cheng , Grebogi Celso 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPersistent currents (PCs), one of the most intriguing manifestations of the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect, are known to vanish for Schrödinger particles in the presence of random scatterings, e.g., due to classical chaos. But would this still be the case for Dirac fermions? Addressing this question is of significant value due to the tremendous recent interest in two-dimensional Dirac materials. We investigate relativistic quantum AB rings threaded by a magnetic flux and find that PCs are extremely robust. Even for highly asymmetric rings that host fully developed classical chaos, the amplitudes of PCs are of the same order of magnitude as those for integrable rings, henceforth the term superpersistent currents (SPCs). A striking finding is that the SPCs can be attributed to a robust type of relativistic quantum states, i.e., Dirac whispering gallery modes (WGMs) that carry large angular momenta and travel along the boundaries. We propose an experimental scheme using topological insulators to observe and characterize Dirac WGMs and SPCs and speculate that these features can potentially be the base for a new class of relativistic qubit systems. Our discovery of WGMs in relativistic quantum systems is remarkable because, although WGMs are common in photonic systems, they are relatively rare in electronic systems.
Biologically inspired band-edge laser action from semiconductor with dipole-forbidden band-gap transition
Authors: Wang Cih-Su , Liau Chi-Shung , Sun Tzu-Ming , Chen Yu-Chia , Lin Tai-Yuan , Chen Yang-Fang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA new approach is proposed to light up band-edge stimulated emission arising from a semiconductor with dipole-forbidden band-gap transition. To illustrate our working principle, here we demonstrate the feasibility on the composite of SnO2 nanowires (NWs) and chicken albumen. SnO2 NWs, which merely emit visible defect emission, are observed to generate a strong ultraviolet fluorescence centered at 387 nm assisted by chicken albumen at room temperature. In addition, a stunning laser action is further discovered in the albumen/SnO2 NWs composite system. The underlying mechanism is interpreted in terms of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the chicken albumen protein to SnO2 NWs. More importantly, the giant oscillator strength of shallow defect states, which is served orders of magnitude larger than that of the free exciton, plays a decisive role. Our approach therefore shows that bio-materials exhibit a great potential in applications for novel light emitters, which may open up a new avenue for the development of bio-inspired optoelectronic devices.
A weighted relative difference accumulation algorithm for dynamic metabolomics data: long-term elevated bile acids are risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Weijian , Zhou Lina , Yin Peiyuan , Wang Jinbing , Lu Xin , Wang Xiaomei , Chen Jianguo , Lin Xiaohui , Xu Guowang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDynamic metabolomics studies can provide a systematic view of the metabolic trajectory during disease development and drug treatment and reveal the nature of biological processes at metabolic level. To extract important information in a systematic time dimension rather than at isolated time points, a weighted method based on the means and variations along the time points was proposed and first applied to previously published rat model data. The method was subsequently extended and applied to prospective metabolomics data analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Permutation was employed for noise filtering and false discovery rate (FDR) was used for parameter optimization during the feature selection. Long-term elevated serum bile acids were identified as risk factors for HCC development.
Prevention of exercised induced cardiomyopathy following Pip-PMO treatment in dystrophic mdx mice
Authors: Betts Corinne A. , Saleh Amer F. , Carr Carolyn A. , Hammond Suzan M. , Coenen-Stass Anna M. L. , Godfrey Caroline , McClorey Graham , Varela Miguel A. , Roberts Thomas C. , Clarke Kieran , Gait Michael J. , Wood Matthew J. A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the Dmd gene. In addition to skeletal muscle wasting, DMD patients develop cardiomyopathy, which significantly contributes to mortality. Antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) are a promising DMD therapy, restoring functional dystrophin protein by exon skipping. However, a major limitation with current AOs is the absence of dystrophin correction in heart. Pip peptide-AOs demonstrate high activity in cardiac muscle. To determine their therapeutic value, dystrophic mdx mice were subject to forced exercise to model the DMD cardiac phenotype. Repeated peptide-AO treatments resulted in high levels of cardiac dystrophin protein, which prevented the exercised induced progression of cardiomyopathy, normalising heart size as well as stabilising other cardiac parameters. Treated mice also exhibited significantly reduced cardiac fibrosis and improved sarcolemmal integrity. This work demonstrates that high levels of cardiac dystrophin restored by Pip peptide-AOs prevents further deterioration of cardiomyopathy and pathology following exercise in dystrophic DMD mice.
Angiostatic treatment prior to chemo- or photodynamic therapy improves anti-tumor efficacy
Authors: Weiss Andrea , Bonvin Débora , Berndsen Robert H. , Scherrer Edoardo , Wong Tse J. , Dyson Paul J. , Griffioen Arjan W. , Nowak-Sliwinska Patrycja 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTumor vasculature is known to be poorly organized leading to increased leakage of molecules to the extravascular space. This process can potentially increase interstitial fluid pressure impairing intra-tumoral blood flow and oxygen supply and can affect drug uptake. Anti-angiogenic therapies are believed to reduce vascular permeability, potentially reducing interstitial fluid pressure and improving the extravasation of small molecule-based chemotherapeutics. Here we show that pretreatment of human ovarian carcinoma tumors with sub-optimal doses of the VEGFR targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor axitinib, but not the EGFR targeting kinase inhibitor erlotinib, induces a transient period of increased tumor oxygenation. Doxorubicin administered within this window was found to enter the extravascular tumor space more rapidly compared to doxorubicin when applied alone or outside this time window. Treatment with the chemotherapeutics, doxorubicin and RAPTA-C, as well as applying photodynamic therapy during this period of elevated oxygenation led to enhanced tumor growth inhibition. Improvement of therapy was not observed when applied outside the window of increased oxygenation. Taken together, these findings further confirm the hypothesis of angiostasis-induced vascular normalization and also help to understand the interactions between anti-angiogenesis and other anti-cancer strategies.
Effective use of high CO2 efflux at the soil surface in a tropical understory plant
Authors: Ishida Atsushi , Nakano Takashi , Adachi Minaco , Yoshimura Kenichi , Osada Noriyuki , Ladpala Phanumard , Diloksumpun Sapit , Puangchit Ladawan , Yoshimura Jin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMany terrestrial plants are C3 plants that evolved in the Mesozoic Era when atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) were high. Given current conditions, C3 plants can no longer benefit from high ambient [CO2]. Kaempferia marginata Carey is a unique understory ginger plant in the tropical dry forests of Thailand. The plant has two large flat leaves that spread on the soil surface. We found a large difference in [CO2] between the partly closed space between the soil surface and the leaves (638 µmol mol−1) and the atmosphere at 20 cm above ground level (412 µmol mol−1). This finding indicates that the plants capture CO2 efflux from the soil. Almost all of the stomata are located on the abaxial leaf surface. When ambient air [CO2] was experimentally increased from 400 to 600 μmol mol−1, net photosynthetic rates increased by 45 to 48% under near light-saturated conditions. No significant increase was observed under low light conditions. These data demonstrate that the unique leaf structure enhances carbon gain by trapping soil CO2 efflux at stomatal sites under relatively high light conditions, suggesting that ambient air [CO2] can serve as an important selective agent for terrestrial C3 plants.
Advanced material and approach for metal ions removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Turhanen Petri A. , Vepsäläinen Jouko J. , Peräniemi Sirpa 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA Novel approach to remove metals from aqueous solutions has been developed. The method is based on a resin free, solid, non-toxic, microcrystalline bisphosphonate material, which has very low solubility in water (59 mg/l to ion free Milli-Q water and 13 mg/l to 3.5% NaCl solution). The material has been produced almost quantitatively on a 1 kg scale (it has been prepared also on a pilot scale, ca. 7 kg) and tested successfully for its ability to collect metal cations from different sources, such as ground water and mining process waters. Not only was this material highly efficient at collecting several metal ions out of solution it also proved to be regenerable and reusable over a number of adsorption/desorption, which is crucial for environmental friendliness. This material has several advantages compared to the currently used approaches, such as no need for any precipitation step.
Three-dimensional architecture of podocytes revealed by block-face scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Ichimura Koichiro , Miyazaki Naoyuki , Sadayama Shoji , Murata Kazuyoshi , Koike Masato , Nakamura Kei-ichiro , Ohta Keisuke , Sakai Tatsuo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBlock-face imaging is a scanning electron microscopic technique which enables easier acquisition of serial ultrastructural images directly from the surface of resin-embedded biological samples with a similar quality to transmission electron micrographs. In the present study, we analyzed the three-dimensional architecture of podocytes using serial block-face imaging. It was previously believed that podocytes are divided into three kinds of subcellular compartment: cell body, primary process and foot process, which are simply aligned in this order. When the reconstructed podocytes were viewed from their basal side, the foot processes were branched from a ridge-like prominence, which was formed on the basal surface of the primary process and was similar to the usual foot processes in structure. Moreover, from the cell body, the foot processes were also emerged via the ridge-like prominence, as found in the primary process. The ridge-like prominence anchored the cell body and primary process to the glomerular basement membrane and connected the foot processes to the cell body and primary process. In conclusion, serial block-face imaging is a powerful tool for clear understanding the three-dimensional architecture of podocytes through its ability to reveal novel structures which were difficult to determine by conventional transmission and scanning electron microscopes alone.