bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser‐Induced Direct Graphene Patterning and Simultaneous Transferring Method for Graphene Sensor Platform
Authors: Yoo Jae‐Hyuck , Park Jong Bok , Ahn Sanghoon , Grigoropoulos Costas P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractGeneral methods utilized in the fabrication of graphene devices involve graphene transferring and subsequent patterning of graphene via multiple wet‐chemical processes. In the present study, a laser‐induced pattern transfer (LIPT) method is proposed for the transferring and patterning of graphene in a single processing step. Via the direct graphene patterning and simultaneous transferring, the LIPT method greatly reduces the complexity of graphene fabrication while augmenting flexibility in graphene device design. Femtosecond laser ablation under ambient conditions is employed to transfer graphene/PMMA microscale patterns to arbitrary substrates, including a flexible film. Suspended cantilever structures are also demonstrated over a prefabricated trench structure via the single‐step method. The feasibility of this method for the fabrication of functional graphene devices is confirmed by measuring the electrical response of a graphene/PMMA device under laser illumination.
Aptamer‐Directed Synthesis of Multifunctional Lanthanide‐Doped Porous Nanoprobes for Targeted Imaging and Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhou Li , Li Zhenhua , Ju Enguo , Liu Zhen , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMultifunctional lanthanide‐doped porous nanoparticles are prepared via a facile one‐step solvothermal route by employing aptamers as the biotemplate. The nanoparticles feature excellent aqueous dispersibility and biospecific properties and could work as effective nanoprobes for targeted imaging and drug delivery. With aptamer being in principle available for any kind of target, this synthetic strategy may open the door to a new generation of nanoprobes for bioapplications such as time‐resolved biodetection, multimode bioimaging/biolabeling, and targeted cancer therapy.
Corticosteroid Injection Therapy for Trigger Finger or Thumb: A Retrospective Review of 577 Digits
Authors: Schubert Cornelius , Hui-Chou Helen G. , See Alfred P. , Deune E. Gene 
Published: July 2013

Background Stenosing flexor tenosynovitis of the digital flexor tendon (trigger digit) is a common condition encountered by hand surgeons. Our purpose was to determine the efficacy of corticosteroid injections and review the demographic profile of patients with trigger digits. Methods We reviewed the records of 362 patients (577 trigger digits) treated with steroid injections (8 mg of triamcinolone acetonide in 1 % lidocaine) from 1998 through 2011. Follow-up (intervention to last visit) averaged 66.4 months. We assessed patient demographics (e.g., gender, age, diabetes mellitus, hand dominance, trigger digit distribution) and determined recurrence rate and injection duration of efficacy. If one injection failed, additional injections or surgical A1 pulley release were offered. Results were analyzed with Student's t test or Fisher's exact test (significance, p<0.05). Results Women (258, 71.3 %) were affected significantly ( p<0.001) more frequently than men (104, 28.7 %) and at a significantly ( p<0.001) younger age (average, 58.3 versus 62.1 years, respectively). Eighty patients (22.1 %) were diabetic. We observed no correlation between trigger digit and hand dominance. The two most commonly affected digits were the right long finger (17.8 %) and right thumb (17.7 %). For 721 injections, the recurrence rate was 20.3 %; there were no major complications. For recurrences, the injection efficacy averaged 315 days. Surgery was required for 117 patients. Conclusions Injection therapy is safe and highly effective (79.7 %). Women were affected by trigger digits more often than men and at a younger age. Surgical release provides a definitive therapeutic option if corticosteroid injection fails.
The future of blood‐based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Henriksen Kim , O'Bryant Sid E. , Hampel Harald , Trojanowski John Q. , Montine Thomas J. , Jeromin Andreas , Blennow Kaj , Lönneborg Anders , Wyss‐Coray Tony , Soares Holly , Bazenet Chantal , Sjögren Magnus , Hu William , Lovestone Simon , Karsdal Morten A. , Weiner Michael W. ,   Blood‐Based Biomarker Interest Group
Published: July 2013

AbstractTreatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is significantly hampered by the lack of easily accessible biomarkers that can detect disease presence and predict disease risk reliably. Fluid biomarkers of AD currently provide indications of disease stage; however, they are not robust predictors of disease progression or treatment response, and most are measured in cerebrospinal fluid, which limits their applicability. With these aspects in mind, the aim of this article is to underscore the concerted efforts of the Blood‐Based Biomarker Interest Group, an international working group of experts in the field. The points addressed include: (1) the major challenges in the development of blood‐based biomarkers of AD, including patient heterogeneity, inclusion of the “right” control population, and the blood–brain barrier; (2) the need for a clear definition of the purpose of the individual markers (e.g., prognostic, diagnostic, or monitoring therapeutic efficacy); (3) a critical evaluation of the ongoing biomarker approaches; and (4) highlighting the need for standardization of preanalytical variables and analytical methodologies used by the field.
Clinical characterization of a presenilin 1 mutation (F177S) in a family with very early‐onset Alzheimer's disease in the third decade of life
Authors: Hausner Lucrezia , Tschäpe Jakob A. , Schmitt Hans Peter , Hentschel Frank , Hartmann Tobias , Frölich Lutz 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundEarly‐onset familial Alzheimer disease (AD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 (PSEN1), or presenilin 2 gene. The objective of this study was to characterize the phenotype in a large family with a PSEN1 F177S mutation by performing detailed clinical assessments, neuroimaging, and neuropathological analysis.MethodsIn two subjects, clinical and neuropsychological assessments, structural magnetic resonance imaging, F‐18‐2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose positron emission tomographic imaging, AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and genetic analysis were available. In three deceased affected subjects, medical records were reviewed. In one subject, a complete neuropathological examination was available.ResultsCognitive impairment and neurological symptoms developed homogeneously around 30 years of age and worsened rapidly. All subjects died about 7 years (range, 6–8 years) after disease onset before 40 years of age. All technical diagnostic information (neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid) were typically for AD. Neuropathology showed abundant neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, typical of severe AD. Antidementia treatment in one subject did not alter the length of survival.ConclusionsThe PSEN1 F177S mutation leads to typical AD starting at age 30 and a homogeneous phenotype with rapid cognitive decline and prominent neurological symptoms. Excessive amyloid beta 42 production in the brain cortex corresponds well with other PSEN1 mutations.
On coherent structure in wall turbulence
Authors: Sharma A. S. , McKeon B. J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA new theory of coherent structure in wall turbulence is presented. The theory is the first to predict packets of hairpin vortices and other structure in turbulence, and their dynamics, based on an analysis of the Navier–Stokes equations, under an assumption of a turbulent mean profile. The assumption of the turbulent mean acts as a restriction on the class of possible structures. It is shown that the coherent structure is a manifestation of essentially low-dimensional flow dynamics, arising from a critical-layer mechanism. Using the decomposition presented in McKeon & Sharma (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 658, 2010, pp. 336–382), complex coherent structure is recreated from minimal superpositions of response modes predicted by the analysis, which take the form of radially varying travelling waves. The leading modes effectively constitute a low-dimensional description of the turbulent flow, which is optimal in the sense of describing the resonant effects around the critical layer and which minimally predicts all types of structure. The approach is general for the full range of scales. By way of example, simple combinations of these modes are offered that predict hairpins and modulated hairpin packets. The example combinations are chosen to represent observed structure, consistent with the nonlinear triadic interaction for wavenumbers that is required for self-interaction of structures. The combination of the three leading response modes at streamwise wavenumbers $6, ~1, ~7$ and spanwise wavenumbers $\pm 6, ~\pm 6, ~\pm 12$, respectively, with phase velocity $2/ 3$, is understood to represent a turbulence ‘kernel’, which, it is proposed, constitutes a self-exciting process analogous to the near-wall cycle. Together, these interactions explain how the mode combinations may self-organize and self-sustain to produce experimentally observed structure. The phase interaction also leads to insight into skewness and correlation results known in the literature. It is also shown that the very large-scale motions act to organize hairpin-like structures such that they co-locate with areas of low streamwise momentum, by a mechanism of locally altering the shear profile. These energetic streamwise structures arise naturally from the resolvent analysis, rather than by a summation of hairpin packets. In addition, these packets are modulated through a ‘beat’ effect. The relationship between Taylor’s hypothesis and coherence is discussed, and both are shown to be the consequence of the localization of the response modes around the critical layer. A pleasing link is made to the classical laminar inviscid theory, whereby the essential mechanism underlying the hairpin vortex is captured by two obliquely interacting Kelvin–Stuart (cat’s eye) vortices. Evidence for the theory is presented based on comparison with observations of structure in turbulent flow reported in the experimental and numerical simulation literature and with exact solutions reported in the transitional literature.
Cold versus Warm Dark Matter Simulations of a Galaxy Group
Authors: Libeskind Noam I. , Di Cintio Arianna , Knebe Alexander , Yepes Gustavo , Gottlöber Stefan , Steinmetz Matthias , Hoffman Yehuda , Martinez-Vaquero Luis A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe differences between cold dark matter (CDM) and warm dark matter (WDM) in the formation of a group of galaxies are examined by running two identical simulations, where in the WDM case the initial power spectrum has been altered to mimic a 1-keV dark matter particle. The CDM initial conditions were constrained to reproduce at z = 0 the correct local environment within which a ‘Local Group’ (LG) of galaxies may form. Two significant differences between the two simulations are found. While in the CDM case a group of galaxies that resembles the real LG forms, the WDM run fails to reproduce a viable LG, instead forming a diffuse group which is still expanding at z = 0. This is surprising since, due to the suppression of small-scale power in its power spectrum, WDM is naively expected to only affect the collapse of small haloes and not necessarily the dynamics on a scale of a group of galaxies. Furthermore, the concentration of baryons in halo centre is greater in CDM than in WDM and the properties of the discs differ.
Effect of dietary lipid structure in early postnatal life on mouse adipose tissue development and function in adulthood
Authors: Oosting Annemarie , van Vlies Naomi , Kegler Diane , Schipper Lidewij , Abrahamse-Berkeveld Marieke , Ringler Silvia , Verkade Henkjan J. , van der Beek Eline M. 
Published: July 2013

Obese individuals have more (hyperplastic) and larger (hypertrophic) adipocytes in their white adipose tissue (WAT) than normal-weight individuals. The difference in cell number emerges early in childhood, suggesting that this is a critical period for being susceptible to obesity. Breast-feeding has been shown to be protective against obesity, and we have previously shown in mice that the physical structure of lipids in human milk may contribute to this protective effect. In the present study, we investigated how differences in the physical structure of lipids in the early diet may modulate adipose tissue development. Male mice were fed a diet containing control infant milk formula (Control IMF; Danone Research) or Nuturis®(Concept IMF with large phospholipid-coated lipid droplets; Danone Research) from postnatal day (PN)16 to 42. Subsequently, mice were challenged with a moderate Western-style diet (WSD) until PN98, and body composition was monitored by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Epididymal WAT was analysed for adipocyte size, number and gene expression of metabolic transcription factors. Early Concept IMF exposure reduced fat accumulation during the WSD challenge by 30 % compared with the Control IMF. It reduced adipocyte size without affecting adipocyte number in adult mice. The Concept IMF decreased the expression of PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein and retinoid X receptor α in WAT in adulthood, key regulators of metabolic activity. In conclusion, Concept IMF exposure in early life reduced susceptibility to obesity in adult life, by preventing adipocyte hypertrophia upon adult dietary challenge without affecting adipogenesis. These data emphasise the importance of the physical properties of dietary lipids in early life in obesity risk later in life.
Impaired β-cell function in the adult offspring of rats fed a protein-restricted diet during lactation is associated with changes in muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes
Authors: de Oliveira Júlio C. , Miranda Rosiane A. , Barella Luiz F. , Torrezan Rosana , Agostinho Aryane R. , Ribeiro Tatiane A. S. , Franco Claudinéia C. S. , Malta Ananda , Tófolo Laize P. , Gravena Clarice , Mathias Paulo C. F. 
Published: July 2013

Impaired pancreatic β-cell function, as observed in the cases of early nutrition disturbance, is a major hallmark of metabolic diseases arising in adulthood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the function/composition of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes, M2 and M3, in the pancreatic islets of adult offspring of rats that were protein malnourished during lactation. Neonates were nursed by mothers that were fed either a low-protein (4 %, LP) or a normal-protein (23 %, NP) diet. Adult rats were pre-treated with anti-muscarinic drugs and subjected to the glucose tolerance test; the function and protein expression levels of M2mAChR and M3mAChR were determined. The LP rats were lean and hypoinsulinaemic. The selective M2mAChR antagonist methoctramine increased insulinaemia by 31 % in the NP rats and 155 % in the LP rats, and insulin secretion was increased by 32 % in the islets of the NP rats and 88 % in those of the LP rats. The selective M3mAChR antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide decreased insulinaemia by 63 % in the NP rats and 40 % in the LP rats and reduced insulin release by 41 % in the islets of the NP rats and 28 % in those of the LP rats. The protein expression levels of M2mAChR and M3mAChR were 57 % higher and 53 % lower, respectively, in the islets of the LP rats than in those of the NP rats. The expression and functional compositions of M2mAChR and M3mAChR were altered in the islets of the LP rats, as a result of metabolic programming caused by the protein-restricted diet, which might be another possible effect involved in the weak insulin secretion ability of the islets of the programmed adult rats.
Salt and Revenue in Frontier Formation: State Mobilized Ethnic Politics in the Yunnan-Burma Borderland since the 1720s
Authors: MA JIANXIONG 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis research reviews the formation of the Yunnan-Burma frontier since the 1720s, when the Qing government reformed the administrative systems from chieftainships to official counties in the middle and southern Yunnan mountains areas. One of some crucial political changes was the policy of salt revenue which directly stimulated large scale ethnic resistance in the region of salt wells. However, the social political context of continuing ethnic conflicts was not only rooted in the reshaping of the salt-consuming districts, but also rooted in social changes in the Yunnan-Burma borderland because of increasing Han Chinese immigration and their penetration into mining, long distance trade and local agriculture. In order to successfully control mountain resources as the base of revenue, the Qing government continued to gradually integrate native Dai chieftains into official counties. Local resistance continued and reached a peak from the 1790s to the 1810s. Pushed by the Qing government, and with the collaboration of different social actors, the synthesized mobilization of frontier formation had made ethnic politics a main style of social political reconstruction, even if commercial exchange, long distance trade, and demographic reshaping also continued to be mixed with ethnic politics as another layer of the Yunnan-Burma frontier formation.
How to Forge a Creative Student-Citizen: Achieving the Positive in Today's Vietnam
Authors: BAYLY SUSAN 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe exaltation of achievement as a measure of collective and individual worth and moral agency has been one of the defining features of Asian developmentalism. Yet in today's age of globalized neoliberal attainment monitoring, the question of who and what an achiever actually is within an achievement-conscious society is far from straightforward or uncomplicated. In Vietnam, the notion of doing well and creditably for self and nation can be deeply problematic for those called upon, either officially or by living and ancestral kin, to embody qualities of attainment and creditable life-course functioning in ways recognizable to those who reward and monitor aspiring achievers. Building on recent fieldwork in Vietnam, this paper explores the ways young Hanoians have engaged with a rapidly changing set of ideas about how the country's tightly regulated schooling and examination system can both unleash and constrain the potential for new and ‘creative’ forms of attainment on the part of the nation's most promising and productive citizen-achievers.
Societal changes in the Hellenistic, Roman and early Byzantine periods. Results from the Sagalassos Territorial Archaeological Survey 2008 (southwest Turkey)
Authors: Kaptijn Eva , Poblome Jeroen , Vanhaverbeke Hannelore , Bakker Johan , Waelkens Marc 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis contribution discusses the Hellenistic, Roman and early Byzantine pottery collected during archaeological survey in the Bereket valley (territory of ancient Sagalassos, southwest Turkey). This collection contains both pottery imported from as yet unknown production centres and wares produced in the Potters’ Quarter of Sagalassos. Changes in the proportions of pottery produced at Sagalassos and those produced at other locations become visible in the fourthcentury AD material and reflect the evolving relationship between the peripheral valley of Bereket and the regional centre of Sagalassos. Yet, the undiminished quantity of pottery collected suggests that human activity continued without significant changes in habitation density. However, pollen cores from the same valley show that at more or less the same time crop cultivation diminished and was largely replaced by pastoralism. This shift occured at a time when climatic conditions had become more favourable for crop cultivation. A somewhat similar decrease in crop cultivation is also observed in Gravgaz marsh. In both valleys, this shift occured about 300 years earlier than in the rest of the territory of Sagalassos. Although the reasons for these changes cannot be determined on the basis of the study of survey pottery alone, the results presented show the importance of intensive survey and the study of peripheral areas for understanding inter-regional interaction patterns.
Spatial behavior reflects the mental disorder in OCD patients with and without comorbid schizophrenia
Authors: Gershoni Anat , Hermesh Haggai , Fineberg Naomi A. , Eilam David 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveResolving the entangled nosological dilemma of whether obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with and without schizophrenia (schizo-OCD and OCD, respectively) are two independent entities or whether schizo-OCD is a combined product of its parent disorders.MethodsStudying motor activity in OCD and in schizo-OCD patients. Performance of the patients was compared with the performance of the same motor task by a matching control individual.ResultsBehavior in both schizo-OCD and OCD patients differed from controls in the excessive repetition and addition of acts, thus validating an identical OC facet. However, there was a significant difference in spatial behavior. Schizo-OCD patients traveled over a greater area with less focused activity as typical to schizophrenia patients and in contrast to OCD patients, who were more focused and traveled less in a confined area. While schizo-OCD and OCD patients share most of the OC ritualistic attributes, they differ in the greater spread of activity in schizo-OCD, which is related to schizophrenia disorder.DiscussionIt is suggested that the finding on difference in spatial behavior is a reflection of the mental differences between OCD and schizophrenia. In other words, this could be an overt and observable manifestation of the mental state, and therefore may facilitate the nosology of OC spectrum disorders and OCD.ConclusionIt seems as if both the OCD patients’ focus on specific thoughts, and the contrasting wandering thoughts of schizophrenia patients, are reflected in the focused activity of the former and wandering from one place to the next of the latter.
Investigating and comparing the patients’ and staff's perspectives on the usefulness of a head and neck radiotherapy patient education booklet
Authors: Chan Kitty , Davey Caroline 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroductionPrinted patient education material enhances verbal patient teaching. ‘Starting radiation therapy: helpful tips for patients with head and neck cancer’ is a booklet that facilitates head and neck (H&N) cancer patients’ orientation to the study hospital. This study examined and compared patients’ and staff's opinion on the distribution and usefulness of this booklet.MethodsPatients starting radiotherapy treatment to their H&N cancer, and staff involved in their care, were recruited. A survey was designed to collect responses from both cohorts.ResultsOf the patients, 94% received the booklet before their first radiotherapy treatment. Of the staff, 67% referred to this booklet during patient education. Most patients (98%) found that the booklet increased their awareness of hospital and community services. Both groups indicated list of services and telephone number to be the most useful chapter. The staff suggested having this booklet available in different languages.ConclusionThis booklet was useful as an orientation tool for the patients to navigate the hospital system. Patients and staff have similar opinion regarding the most useful sections in the booklet. Further studies needs to be conducted to validate the need of having this booklet available in other languages.