bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three Decades of Disasters: A Review of Disaster-Specific Literature from 1977–2009
Authors: Smith Erin , Wasiak Jason , Sen Ayan , Archer Frank , Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroduction:The potential for disasters exists in all communities. To mitigate the potential catastrophes that confront humanity in the new millennium, an evidence-based approach to disaster management is required urgently. This study moves toward such an evidence-based approach by identifying peer-reviewed publications following a range of disasters and events over the past three decades.Methods:Peer-reviewed, event-specific literature was identified using a comprehensive search of the electronically indexed database, MEDLINE (1956–January 2009). An extended comprehensive search was conducted for one event to compare the event-specific literature indexed in MEDLINE to other electronic databases (EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, CENTRAL, Psych Info, Maternity and Infant Care, EBM Reviews).Results:Following 25 individual disasters or overwhelming crises, a total of 2,098 peer-reviewed, event-specific publications were published in 789 journals (652 publications following disasters/events caused by natural hazards, 966 following human-made/technological disasters/events, and 480 following conflict/complex humanitarian events).The event with the greatest number of peer-reviewed, event-specific publications was the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks (686 publications). Prehospital and Disaster Medicine published the greatest number of peer-reviewed, event-specific publications (54), followed by Journal of Traumatic Stress (42), Military Medicine (40), and Psychiatric Services (40). The primary topics of event-specific publications were mental health, medical health, and response. When an extended, comprehensive search was conducted for one event, 75% of all peer-reviewed, event-specific publications were indexed in MEDLINE.Conclusions:A broad range of multi-disciplinary journals publish peer-reviewed, event-specific publications. While the majority of peer-reviewed, event-specific literature is indexed in MEDLINE, comprehensive search strategies should include EMBASE to increase yield.
Resolving bundled microtubules using anti-tubulin nanobodies
Authors: Mikhaylova Marina , Cloin Bas M. C. , Finan Kieran , van den Berg Robert , Teeuw Jalmar , Kijanka Marta M. , Sokolowski Mikolaj , Katrukha Eugene A. , Maidorn Manuel , Opazo Felipe , Moutel Sandrine , Vantard Marylin , Perez Frank , van Bergen en Henegouwen Paul M. P. , Hoogenraad Casper C. , Ewers Helge , Kapitein Lukas C 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMicrotubules are hollow biopolymers of 25-nm diameter and are key constituents of the cytoskeleton. In neurons, microtubules are organized differently between axons and dendrites, but their precise organization in different compartments is not completely understood. Super-resolution microscopy techniques can detect specific structures at an increased resolution, but the narrow spacing between neuronal microtubules poses challenges because most existing labelling strategies increase the effective microtubule diameter by 20–40 nm and will thereby blend neighbouring microtubules into one structure. Here we develop single-chain antibody fragments (nanobodies) against tubulin to achieve super-resolution imaging of microtubules with a decreased apparent diameter. To test the resolving power of these novel probes, we generate microtubule bundles with a known spacing of 50–70 nm and successfully resolve individual microtubules. Individual bundled microtubules can also be resolved in different mammalian cells, including hippocampal neurons, allowing novel insights into fundamental mechanisms of microtubule organization in cell- and neurobiology.
Adaptive quantum computation in changing environments using projective simulation
Authors: Tiersch M. , Ganahl E. J. , Briegel H. J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractQuantum information processing devices need to be robust and stable against external noise and internal imperfections to ensure correct operation. In a setting of measurement-based quantum computation, we explore how an intelligent agent endowed with a projective simulator can act as controller to adapt measurement directions to an external stray field of unknown magnitude in a fixed direction. We assess the agent’s learning behavior in static and time-varying fields and explore composition strategies in the projective simulator to improve the agent’s performance. We demonstrate the applicability by correcting for stray fields in a measurement-based algorithm for Grover’s search. Thereby, we lay out a path for adaptive controllers based on intelligent agents for quantum information tasks.
A “footprint” of plant carbon fixation cycle functions during the development of a heterotrophic fungus
Authors: Lyu Xueliang , Shen Cuicui , Xie Jiatao , Fu Yanping , Jiang Daohong , Hu Zijin , Tang Lihua , Tang Liguang , Ding Feng , Li Kunfei , Wu Song , Hu Yanping , Luo Lilian , Li Yuanhao , Wang Qihua , Li Guoqing , Cheng Jiasen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCarbon fixation pathway of plants (CFPP) in photosynthesis converts solar energy to biomass, bio-products and biofuel. Intriguingly, a large number of heterotrophic fungi also possess enzymes functionally associated with CFPP, raising the questions about their roles in fungal development and in evolution. Here, we report on the presence of 17 CFPP associated enzymes (ten in Calvin-Benson-Basham reductive pentose phosphate pathway and seven in C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle) in the genome of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a heterotrophic phytopathogenic fungus and only two unique enzymes: ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) and phosphoribulokinase (PRK) were absent. This data suggested an incomplete CFPP-like pathway (CLP) in fungi. Functional profile analysis demonstrated that the activity of the incomplete CLP was dramatically regulated during different developmental stages of S. sclerotiorum. Subsequent experiments confirmed that many of them were essential to the virulence and/or sclerotial formation. Most of the CLP associated genes are conserved in fungi. Phylogenetic analysis showed that many of them have undergone gene duplication, gene acquisition or loss and functional diversification in evolutionary history. These findings showed an evolutionary links in the carbon fixation processes of autotrophs and heterotrophs and implicated the functions of related genes were in course of continuous change in different organisms in evolution.
The antioxidant compound tert-butylhydroquinone activates Akt in myocardium, suppresses apoptosis and ameliorates pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Yongtao , Fang Liu Fang , Bi Xiaolei , Wang Shuangxi , Wu Xiao , Jiang Fan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is an antioxidant compound which shows multiple cytoprotective actions. We evaluated the effects of TBHQ on pathological cardiac remodeling and dysfunction induced by chronic overload. Pressure overload was created by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in male C57BL/6 mice. TBHQ was incorporated in the diet and administered for 4 weeks. TBHQ treatment prevented left ventricular dilatation and cardiac dysfunction induced by TAC and decreased the prevalence of myocardial apoptosis. The beneficial effects of TBHQ were associated with an increase in Akt activation, but not related to activations of Nrf2 or AMP-activated protein kinase. TBHQ-induced Akt activation was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of Bad, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Mechanistically, we showed that in cultured H9c2 cells and primary cardiac myocytes, TBHQ stimulated Akt phosphorylation and suppressed oxidant-induced apoptosis; this effect was abolished by wortmannin or an Akt inhibitor. Blockade of the Akt pathway in vivo accelerated cardiac dysfunction and abrogated the protective effects of TBHQ. TBHQ also reduced the reactive aldehyde production and protein carbonylation in stressed myocardium. We suggest that TBHQ treatment may represent a novel strategy for timely activation of the cytoprotective Akt pathway in stressed myocardium.
The Effects of Combined Treatment with Naringin and Treadmill Exercise on Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: SUN Xiaolei , Fengbo LI , Xinlong MA , Jianxiong MA , ZHAO Bin , ZHANG Yang , Yanjun LI , Jianwei LV , MENG Xinmin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOsteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and progressive destruction of bone microstructure, resulting in increased the risk of fracture. Previous studies have demonstrated the effect of naringin (NG) or treadmill exercise (EX) on osteoporosis, however, reports about effects of NG plus EX on osteoporosis are limited. This study was designed to investigate the impact of combined treatment with naringin and treadmill exercise on osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Three months after bilateral ovariectomy, Seventy-five rats were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: OVX, sham-operated (SHAM), NG, EX, or NG plus EX treatment. Treatments were administered for 60 days. Bone metabolism, bone mineral density, trabecular bone parameters, immunohistochemistry and the bone strength were evaluated. Compared to the OVX groups, all treatments increased bone volume (BV/TV), trabecula number (Tb.N), trabecula thickness (Tb.Th), bone mineral density (BMD) and mechanical strength. NG + EX showed the strongest effects on BV/TV, Tb.Th and biomechanical strength. Additionally, decreased C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-1) and enhanced osteocalcin (OCN) expression were observed in the NG + EX group. The present study demonstrates that the NG + EX may have a therapeutic advantage over each monotherapy for the treatment of osteoporosis.
A time-course study of long term over-expression of ARR19 in mice
Authors: Qamar Imteyaz , Ahmad Mohammad Faiz , Narayanasamy Arul 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA leucine-rich protein, ARR19 (androgen receptor corepressor-19 kDa), is highly expressed in male reproductive organs and moderately in others. Previously, we have reported that ARR19 is differentially expressed in adult Leydig cells during the testis development and inhibits steroidogenesis by reducing the expression of steroidogenic enzymes. Whereas in prostate, ARR19 represses the transcriptional activity of AR (androgen receptor), it is important for male sexual differentiation and maturation in prostate and epididymis, through the recruitment of HDAC4. In this study we show that long term adenovirus mediated overexpression of ARR19 in mice testis has the potential of inhibiting the differentiation of testicular and prostatic cells by reducing the size of testis and prostate but has no effect on the growth of seminal vesicles. Further, it reduces the level of progesterone and testosterone by reducing the steroidogenic enzymes such as 3HSD, P450c17 and StAR. This is the first study reporting a time-course analysis of the implications of long term overexpression of ARR19 in mice testis and its effect on other organs such as prostate and seminal vesicles. Taken together, these results suggest that ARR19 may play an important role in the differentiation of male reproductive organs such as testis and prostate.
Ubiquitin: preparative chemical synthesis, purification and characterization
Authors: OGUNJOBI O. , RAMAGE R. 
Published: August 2015

Summary
An improved total synthesis of ubiquitin has been achieved by the Fmoc/t-butyl solid-phase methodology using NGPmc protection of the Arg residues [1]. Optimization of the purification protocol has offered the material in substantial quantity (90 mg) in an overall yield of 4.2%. Characterization of the isolated products has opened the way to the studies of the folding pathway and the preparation of structural analogues.
Protein engineering to change thermal stability for food enzymes
Authors: Goodenough Peter W. , Jenkins John A. 
Published: August 2015

Summary
In this review we have briefly indicated how the present state of knowledge allows proteins to be mutated to increase or decrease stability. We have discussed experiments on both model proteins and those of relevance to the food industry, and show how hydrophobic forces are a major driving force for folding as well as having a major role in thermostability. We have also indicated the large contribution that hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions and, in a less well predicted way, disulphide bridges make to thermostability.
A comparison of peroxidase and cytochrome P-450
Authors: Wood Paul M. 
Published: August 2015

Summary
A peroxidase has 1-electron oxidation as its characteristic activity, while that of cytochrome P-450 is hydroxylation. Both catalytic cycles involve similar high valency states of iron. However, a peroxidase can only accept electrons at the haem edge, while the substrate for cytochrome P-450 is bound in a precise orientation before the active state is created.
Surfactant-free purification of membrane proteins with intact native membrane environment
Authors: Jamshad Mohammed , Lin Yu-Pin , Knowles Timothy J. , Parslow Rosemary A. , Harris Craig , Wheatley Mark , Poyner David R. , Bill Roslyn M. , Thomas Owen R.T. , Overduin Michael , Dafforn Tim R. 
Published: August 2015

In order to study the structure and function of a protein, it is generally required that the protein in question is purified away from all others. For soluble proteins, this process is greatly aided by the lack of any restriction on the free and independent diffusion of individual protein particles in three dimensions. This is not the case for membrane proteins, as the membrane itself forms a continuum that joins the proteins within the membrane with one another. It is therefore essential that the membrane is disrupted in order to allow separation and hence purification of membrane proteins. In the present review, we examine recent advances in the methods employed to separate membrane proteins before purification. These approaches move away from solubilization methods based on the use of small surfactants, which have been shown to suffer from significant practical problems. Instead, the present review focuses on methods that stem from the field of nanotechnology and use a range of reagents that fragment the membrane into nanometre-scale particles containing the protein complete with the local membrane environment. In particular, we examine a method employing the amphipathic polymer poly(styrene-co-maleic acid), which is able to reversibly encapsulate the membrane protein in a 10 nm disc-like structure ideally suited to purification and further biochemical study.
The Plasmodium falciparum Ca2+-ATPase PfATP6: insensitive to artemisinin, but a potential drug target
Authors: Arnou Bertrand , Montigny Cédric , Morth Jens Preben , Nissen Poul , Jaxel Christine , Møller Jesper V. , Maire Marc le 
Published: August 2015

The disease malaria, caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, remains one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. In the absence of an efficient vaccine, the medical treatment of malaria is dependent on the use of drugs. Since artemisinin is a powerful anti-malarial drug which has been proposed to target a particular Ca2+-ATPase (PfATP6) in the parasite, it has been important to characterize the molecular properties of this enzyme. PfATP6 is a 139 kDa protein composed of 1228 amino acids with a 39% overall identity with rabbit SERCA1a (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 1a). PfATP6 conserves all sequences and motifs that are important for the function and/or structure of a SERCA, such as two high-affinity Ca2+-binding sites, a nucleotide-binding site and a phosphorylation site. We have been successful in isolating PfATP6 after heterologous expression in yeast and affinity chromatography in a pure, active and stable detergent-solubilized form. With this preparation, we have characterized and compared with the eukaryotic SERCA1a isoform the substrate (Ca2+ and ATP) -dependency for PfATP6 activity as well as the specific inhibition/interaction of the protein with drugs. Our data fully confirm that PfATP6 is a SERCA, but with a distinct pharmacological profile: compared with SERCA1a, it has a lower affinity for thapsigargin and much higher affinity for cyclopiazonic acid. On the other hand, we were not able to demonstrate any inhibition by artemisinin and were also not able to monitor any binding of the drug to the isolated enzyme. Thus it is unlikely that PfATP6 plays an important role as a target for artemisinin in the parasite P. falciparum.
Motoneuronal and muscle-selective removal of ALS-related misfolded proteins
Authors: Crippa Valeria , Galbiati Mariarita , Boncoraglio Alessandra , Rusmini Paola , Onesto Elisa , Giorgetti Elisa , Cristofani Riccardo , Zito Arianna , Poletti Angela 
Published: August 2015

ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), a fatal motoneuron (motor neuron) disease, occurs in clinically indistinguishable sporadic (sALS) or familial (fALS) forms. Most fALS-related mutant proteins identified so far are prone to misfolding, and must be degraded in order to protect motoneurons from their toxicity. This process, mediated by molecular chaperones, requires proteasome or autophagic systems. Motoneurons are particularly sensitive to misfolded protein toxicity, but other cell types such as the muscle cells could also be affected. Muscle-restricted expression of the fALS protein mutSOD1 (mutant superoxide dismutase 1) induces muscle atrophy and motoneuron death. We found that several genes have an altered expression in muscles of transgenic ALS mice at different stages of disease. MyoD, myogenin, atrogin-1, TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor β1) and components of the cell response to proteotoxicity [HSPB8 (heat shock 22kDa protein 8), Bag3 (Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3) and p62] are all up-regulated by mutSOD1 in skeletal muscle. When we compared the potential mutSOD1 toxicity in motoneuron (NSC34) and muscle (C2C12) cells, we found that muscle ALS models possess much higher chymotryptic proteasome activity and autophagy power than motoneuron ALS models. As a result, mutSOD1 molecular behaviour was found to be very different. MutSOD1 clearance was found to be much higher in muscle than in motoneurons. MutSOD1 aggregated and impaired proteasomes only in motoneurons, which were particularly sensitive to superoxide-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, in muscle cells, mutSOD1 was found to be soluble even after proteasome inhibition. This effect could be associated with a higher mutSOD1 autophagic clearance. Therefore muscle cells seem to manage misfolded mutSOD1 more efficiently than motoneurons, thus mutSOD1 toxicity in muscle may not directly depend on aggregation.
The methodology of TSPO imaging with positron emission tomography
Authors: Turkheimer Federico E. , Rizzo Gaia , Bloomfield Peter S. , Howes Oliver , Zanotti-Fregonara Paolo , Bertoldo Alessandra , Veronese Mattia 
Published: August 2015

The 18-kDA translocator protein (TSPO) is consistently elevated in activated microglia of the central nervous system (CNS) in response to a variety of insults as well as neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions. It is therefore a target of interest for molecular strategies aimed at imaging neuroinflammation in vivo. For more than 20 years, positron emission tomography (PET) has allowed the imaging of TSPO density in brain using [11C]-(R)-PK11195, a radiolabelled-specific antagonist of the TSPO that has demonstrated microglial activation in a large number pathological cohorts. The significant clinical interest in brain immunity as a primary or comorbid factor in illness has sparked great interest in the TSPO as a biomarker and a surprising number of second generation TSPO radiotracers have been developed aimed at improving the quality of TSPO imaging through novel radioligands with higher affinity. However, such major investment has not yet resulted in the expected improvement in image quality. We here review the main methodological aspects of TSPO PET imaging with particular attention to TSPO genetics, cellular heterogeneity of TSPO in brain tissue and TSPO distribution in blood and plasma that need to be considered in the quantification of PET data to avoid spurious results as well as ineffective development and use of these radiotracers.
Communication Development in Early-Identified Children With Mild Bilateral and Unilateral Hearing Loss
Authors: Fitzpatrick Elizabeth M. , Durieux-Smith Andrée , Gaboury Isabelle , Coyle Douglas , Whittingham JoAnne 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
This clinical focus article provides preliminary findings from a multicenter longitudinal study investigating auditory and communication development in children with mild bilateral or unilateral hearing loss of any degree.

Method
A total of 100 children (55 with mild bilateral or unilateral hearing loss and 45 with normal hearing) underwent 1 or more assessments from a battery of auditory and language measures.

Results
Children up to age 4 years demonstrated auditory and language skills similar to those of children with normal hearing.

Conclusions
Factors that affect outcomes in communication development will be explored as additional data are collected in this ongoing study.
Is Early Intervention Effective in Improving Spoken Language Outcomes of Children With Congenital Hearing Loss?
Authors: Ching Teresa Y. C. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
The purpose of this research forum article was to present research findings on the effectiveness of early intervention for improving outcomes of children with congenital hearing loss.

Method
The method involved a narrative overview of recent findings from the Longitudinal Outcomes of Children with Hearing Impairment study.

Results
Early intervention, either in the form of amplification or cochlear implantation, was associated with higher language scores. Maternal education and communication mode used during early intervention were also significant contributors to child outcomes. Early performance predicted later language development.

Conclusion
Early intervention is effective in improving early language outcomes, at a population level.
Developing a Phonological Awareness Curriculum: Reflections on an Implementation Science Framework
Authors: Goldstein Howard , Olszewski Arnold 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
This article describes the process of developing and implementing a supplemental early literacy curriculum designed for preschoolers demonstrating delays in literacy development.

Method
Intervention research and implementation research have traditionally been viewed as sequential processes. This article illustrates a process of intervention development that was paralleled by a focus on implementation in early childhood settings. The exploration, preparation, implementation, sustainment framework is used to describe factors that need to be considered during a progression through these 4 phases of implementation. A post hoc analysis provides insight into a rather nonlinear progression of intervention development and highlights considerations and activities that have facilitated implementation.

Conclusions
The guiding principles of the exploration, preparation, implementation, sustainment implementation science framework highlight the important considerations in developing effective and practical interventions. Considering implementation and sustainment during the intervention development process and using data-based decision making has the potential to expand the availability of user-friendly evidence-based practices in communication sciences and disorders and encourage a bridging of the researcher–clinician gap.