bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of mineral oil accumulation and movement in potato plants and its significance in potato virus Y management
Authors: Fageria Manphool , Boquel Sébastien , Leclair Gaetan , Pelletier Yvan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDMineral oils are increasingly sprayed to manage potato virus Y (PVY). However, the mode of accumulation and movement of mineral oil in the potato plant has not been understood. This information is important for optimisation of the concentration and frequency of spraying. During the 2012 season, cvs Russet Burbank and Shepody were planted in the field and in the greenhouse, respectively, and were subjected to mineral oil treatments. The plant samples from the treatment plots were collected, and oil was extracted and quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.RESULTSMineral oil stayed in the vicinity of the sprayed leaves and did not move from leaflet to leaflet or from leaflet to stem, stolon, tuber or root. Following spraying, the oil content in the plant leaves diluted as time progressed. At plant maturity, leaves sampled from the greenhouse sprayed plants had about 4 times more oil content than those sampled from the field sprayed plants. Plots treated with regular spray of mineral oil showed low PVY incidences at crop harvest.CONCLUSIONThe information generated in this study on the pattern of accumulation and movement of mineral oil in greenhouse‐ and field‐grown potato plants shows that, as the oil does not move from leaflet to leaflet, frequent mineral oil sprays from crop emergence to harvest are required to prevent PVY infection in newly emerged leaflets and seasonal spread of PVY. The frequency of sprays may be kept higher from early to mid‐stage, when plant growth is faster, and lower close to plant maturity. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Building an E‐Book Library
Authors: Zipke Marcy 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThere is a wide range in the educational qualities and overall quality of interactive storybook apps for tablet computers (ebooks). Minimally, ebooks for young children present illustrations on a screen, accompanied by an oral reading of the text. Today's ebooks can also include animation, zooming in and out, musical scores, sound effects, text highlighting, built‐in dictionaries, hotspots where the reader clicks to interact with a character or object, foreign language translations, and more. While some ebooks do represent quality children's literature presented in a format that optimizes the affordances of the technology, others more closely resemble cartoons. Therefore, teachers, school librarians, and other school officials need to become educated consumers who carefully consider which ebooks they are buying for young elementary students. This article gives guidelines for evaluating the educational potential of ebooks, and makes specific suggestions for resources on how to find high‐quality apps for beginning readers.
From Potential to Reality
Authors: Wright Tanya S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractContent vocabulary is essential for children's comprehension of informational text. Teachers will need to support children in developing the technical or specialized words they need for informational text and in linking these words to key concepts in content area instruction. This article describes the vocabulary instruction that was observed during informational text read alouds in 55 kindergarten classrooms, and then provides ideas for supporting content‐rich vocabulary instruction in primary classrooms.
Quantifying the variability of wind energy
Authors: Watson Simon 
Published: November 2013

Wind by its very nature is a variable element. Its variation is different on different timescales and spatially its magnitude can change dramatically depending on local climatology and terrain. This has implications in a variety of sectors, not least in the wind energy sector. The accuracy of weather forecasting models has increased significantly in the last few decades and these models are able to give an insight into variability on the hourly and daily timescales. On shorter timescales, predicting chaotic turbulent fluctuations is far more challenging. Similarly, the ability to make seasonal forecasts is extremely limited. General circulation models (GCMs) can give insights into possible future decadal fluctuations, but there are still large uncertainties. Observational data can give useful information concerning variation on a variety of timescales, but data quality and spatial coverage can be variable. An understanding of local scale spatial variations in wind is extremely important in wind farm siting. In the last 40 years, there have been significant advances in predicting these variations using computer models, although there remain significant challenges in understanding the behavior of the wind in certain environments. Both the spatial and temporal variations of wind are important considerations when wind power is integrated into electricity networks, and this will become an ever more important consideration as wind generation makes an increasing contribution to our global energy needs. WIREs Energy Environ 2014, 3:330–342. doi: 10.1002/wene.95This article is categorized under:

Wind Power > Climate and Environment
Energy Infrastructure > Economics and Policy
Winter habitat use and survival of lesser prairie‐chickens in West Texas
Authors: Pirius Nicholas E. , Boal Clint W. , Haukos David A. , Wallace Mark C. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe lesser prairie‐chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) has experienced declines in population and occupied range since the late 1800s and is currently proposed for Federal protection under the Endangered Species Act. Populations and the distribution of lesser prairie‐chickens in Texas, USA, are thought to be at or near all‐time lows. Currently, there is a paucity of data on the wintering ecology of the species. We measured home range, habitat use, and survival of lesser prairie‐chickens during the non‐breeding seasons (1 Sep–28 Feb) of 2008–2009, 2009–2010, and 2010–2011 in sand shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) landscapes in the West Texas panhandle region. Home range size did not differ among years or between females (503 ha) and males (489 ha). Over 97% of locations of both male and female prairie‐chickens were within 3.2 km of the lek of capture, and 99.9% were within 3.2 km of an available water source (i.e., livestock water tank). Habitat cover types were not used proportional to occurrence within the home ranges; grassland‐dominated areas with co‐occurring sand shinnery oak were used more than available, but sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia)‐dominated areas with grassland and sand sagebrush‐dominated areas with bare ground were both used less than available. Survival rates during the first 2 non‐breeding seasons (>80%) were among the highest reported for the species. However, survival during the third non‐breeding season was only 57%, resulting in a 3‐year average of 72%. It does not appear that non‐breeding season mortality is a strong limiting factor in lesser prairie‐chicken persistence in the study area. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Dirac sigma models from gauging
Authors: Salnikov Vladimir , Strobl Thomas 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

The G/G WZW model results from the WZW-model by a standard procedure of gauging. G/G WZW models are members of Dirac sigma models, which also contain twisted Poisson sigma models as other examples. We show how the general class of Dirac sigma models can be obtained from a gauging procedure adapted to Lie algebroids in the form of an equivariantly closed extension. The rigid gauge groups are generically infinite dimensional and a standard gauging procedure would give a likewise infinite number of 1-form gauge fields; the proposed construction yields the requested finite number of them.
Although physics terminology is used, the presentation is kept accessible also for a mathematical audience.
Endurance Training Increases Leptin Expression in the Retroperitoneal Adipose Tissue of Rats Fed with a High‐Sugar Diet
Authors: de Queiroz Karina Barbosa , Guimarães Juliana Bohnen , Coimbra Cândido Celso , Rodovalho Gisele Vieira , Carneiro Cláudia Martins , Evangelista Elísio Alberto , Guerra‐Sá Renata 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe presence of leptin receptors in white adipose tissue (WAT) suggests a type of peripheral control during the development of obesity and other metabolic disorders. Both diet composition and exercise influence serum leptin; however, the effect of their combination on long‐term WAT leptin metabolism is unknown. In this study, rats fed with standard or high‐sugar diets (HSD) were simultaneously subjected to running training for 4‐ and 8‐week periods, and the retroperitoneal WAT (rWAT) was evaluated for adipocyte cell size, lipid and catecholamine content, Lep, OB‐Rb and Ucp2 mRNA transcription levels, and circulating leptin and non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA). The HSD groups displayed a higher adiposity index and rWAT weight, Lep mRNA and protein upregulation, and a period‐dependent effect on OB‐Rb mRNA expression. Exercise decreased serum leptin and upregulated the OB‐Rb mRNA levels. However, in rats fed with an HSD, the increase in OB‐Rb mRNA and reduction in catecholamine levels resulted in a high level of adiposity and hyperleptinemia. The combination of training and an HSD decreases the NEFA levels and upregulating the Ucp2 mRNA expression in the 4‐week period, while downregulating the Ucp2 mRNA expression in the 8‐week period without changing the NEFA levels. Our results suggest that an HSD induces an increase in leptin expression in rWAT, while reducing adipocytes via leptin‐mediated lipolysis after an 8‐week period. In exercised rats fed an HSD, TAG synthesis and storage overlaps with lipolysis, promoting fat store development and Lep mRNA and plasma protein upregulation in adult rats.
Lifespan Variation by Occupational Class: Compression or Stagnation Over Time?
Authors: van Raalte Alyson A. , Martikainen Pekka , Myrskylä Mikko 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Cross-sectional analyses of adult lifespan variation have found an inverse association between socioeconomic position and lifespan variation, but the trends by social class are unknown. We investigated trends in lifespan variation over four decades (1971–2010) by occupational social class (manual, lower nonmanual, upper nonmanual, other) using Finnish register data. We performed age and cause-of-death decompositions of lifespan variation for each sex (a) by occupational class over time and (b) between occupational classes at a shared level of life expectancy. Although life expectancy increased in all classes, lifespan variation was stable among manual workers and decreased only among nonmanual classes. These differences were caused by early-adult mortality: older-age lifespan variation declined for all the classes, but variation in early-adult mortality increased for all classes except the highest. The manual class’s high and stagnant lifespan variation was driven by declines in circulatory diseases that were equally spread over early mortality-compressing and older mortality-expanding ages, as well as by high early-adult mortality from external causes. Results were similar for men and women. The results of this study, which is the first to document trends in lifespan variation by social class, suggest that mortality compression is compatible with increasing life expectancy but currently achieved only by higher occupational classes.
Scratch formation and its mechanism in chemical mechanical planarization (CMP)
Authors: Kwon Tae-Young , Ramachandran Manivannan , Park Jin-Goo 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) has become one of the most critical processes in semiconductor device fabrication to achieve global planarization. To achieve an efficient global planarization for device node dimensions of less than 32 nm, a comprehensive understanding of the physical, chemical, and tribo-mechanical/chemical action at the interface between the pad and wafer in the presence of a slurry medium is essential. During the CMP process, some issues such as film delamination, scratching, dishing, erosion, and corrosion can generate defects which can adversely affect the yield and reliability. In this article, an overview of material removal mechanism of CMP process, investigation of the scratch formation behavior based on polishing process conditions and consumables, scratch formation mechanism and the scratch inspection tools were extensively reviewed. The advantages of adopting the filtration unit and the jet spraying of water to reduce the scratch formation have been reviewed. The current research trends in the scratch formation, based on modeling perspective were also discussed.
The incidence rate of prostate cancer in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamidi Ibrahim G , Hussain Issam I , Alghamdi Mohamed S , El-Sheemy Mohammed A 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND:
This study presents descriptive epidemiological data related to prostate cancer cases diagnosed from 2001 to 2008 among Saudi men, including the frequency and percentage of cases, the crude incidence rate (CIR) and the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) adjusted by region and year of diagnosis.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective descriptive epidemiological analysis of all Saudi prostate cancer cases recorded in the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) between January 2001 and December 2008. Statistical analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, the Poisson regression model, a simple linear regression model and analysis of variance with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 (SPSS).

RESULTS:
A total of 1739 cases were registered in the SCR between January 2001 and December 2008. The eastern region of Saudi Arabia had the highest overall ASIR at 10.1 per 100,000 men, followed by Riyadh at 7.1 and Makkah at 5.2, while Jizan and Najran had the lowest average ASIRs at 1.4 and at 2.0, respectively. The Poisson regression model for the region of Jizan shows that the incidence rate ratio (IRR) was significantly higher (p < 0.001); for the regions of Riyadh at 3.43 times (95% CI, 3.13-3.73), followed by Makkah at 2.56 (95% CI, 2.38-2.74) and the eastern province at 1.93 (95% CI, 1.64-2.23). The annual prediction of the CIR of prostate cancer in Saudi Arabia could be defined by the equation 1.53 + (0.094 × Years), and the prediction of the ASIR could be defined by the equation 2.98 + (0.182 × Years).

CONCLUSION:
There was a steady increase in the CIRs and ASIRs for prostate cancer between 2001 and 2008. The eastern region, Riyadh and Makkah had the highest overall ASIR in Saudi Arabia. Further effective screening programmes and active treatment measures are needed to control prostate cancer disease among Saudi men.
Effects of potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate in the diet on urinary pH and mineral excretion of adult cats
Authors: Paßlack Nadine , Brenten Thomas , Neumann Konrad , Zentek Jürgen 
Published: November 2013

Low dietary K levels have been associated with increasing renal Ca excretion in humans, indicating a higher risk of calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolith formation. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether dietary K also affects the urine composition of cats. A total of eight adult cats were fed diets containing 0·31 % native K and 0·50, 0·75 and 1·00 % K from KCl or KHCO3and were evaluated for the effects of dietary K. High dietary K levels were found to elevate urinary K concentrations (P< 0·001). Renal Ca excretion was higher in cats fed the KCl diets than in those fed the KHCO3diets (P= 0·026), while urinary oxalate concentrations were generally lower in cats fed the KCl diets and only dependent on dietary K levels in cats fed the KHCO3diets (P< 0·05). Fasting urine pH increased with higher dietary K levels (P= 0·022), reaching values of 6·38 (1·00 % KCl) and 7·65 (1·00 % KHCO3). K retention was markedly negative after feeding the cats with the basal diet ( − 197 mg/d) and the 0·50 % KCl diet ( − 131 mg/d), while the cats tended to maintain their balance on being fed the highest-KCl diet ( − 23·3 mg/d). In contrast, K from KHCO3was more efficiently retained (P= 0·018), with K retention being between − 82·5 and 52·5 mg/d. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of KHCO3instead of KCl as K source could be beneficial for the prevention of CaOx urolith formation in cats, since there is an association between a lower renal Ca excretion and a generally higher urine pH. The utilisation of K is distinctly influenced by the K salt, which may be especially practically relevant when using diets with low K levels.
High levels of genetic diversity inNosema ceranaewithinApis melliferacolonies
Authors: GÓMEZ-MORACHO TAMARA , MASIDE XULIO , MARTÍN-HERNÁNDEZ RAQUEL , HIGES MARIANO , BARTOLOMÉ CAROLINA 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYNosema ceranaeis a widespread honeybee parasite, considered to be one of the pathogens involved in the colony losses phenomenon. To date, little is known about its intraspecific genetic variability. The few studies onN. ceranaevariation have focused on the subunits of ribosomal DNA, which are not ideal for this purpose and have limited resolution. Here we characterized three single copy loci (Actin, Hsp70andRPB1) in threeN. ceranaeisolates from Hungary and Hawaii. Our results provide evidence of unexpectedly high levels of intraspecific polymorphism, the coexistence of a wide variety of haplotypes within each bee colony, and the occurrence of genetic recombination inRPB1. Most haplotypes are not shared across isolates and derive from a few frequent haplotypes by a reduced number of singletons (mutations that appear usually just once in the sample), which suggest that they have a fairly recent origin. Overall, our data indicate that this pathogen has experienced a recent population expansion. The presence of multiple haplotypes within individual isolates could be explained by the existence of different strains ofN. ceranaeinfecting honeybee colonies in the field which complicates, and must not be overlooked, further analysis of host–parasite interactions.
An arithmetic transference proof of a relative Szemerédi theorem
Authors: ZHAO YUFEI 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRecently, Conlon, Fox and the author gave a new proof of a relative Szemerédi theorem, which was the main novel ingredient in the proof of the celebrated Green–Tao theorem that the primes contain arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. Roughly speaking, a relative Szemerédi theorem says that if S is a set of integers satisfying certain conditions, and A is a subset of S with positive relative density, then A contains long arithmetic progressions, and our recent results show that S only needs to satisfy a so-called linear forms condition.This paper contains an alternative proof of the new relative Szemerédi theorem, where we directly transfer Szemerédi's theorem, instead of going through the hypergraph removal lemma. This approach provides a somewhat more direct route to establishing the result, and it gives better quantitative bounds.The proof has three main ingredients: (1) a transference principle/dense model theorem of Green–Tao and Tao–Ziegler (with simplified proofs given later by Gowers, and independently, Reingold–Trevisan–Tulsiani–Vadhan) applied with a discrepancy/cut-type norm (instead of a Gowers uniformity norm as it was applied in earlier works); (2) a counting lemma established by Conlon, Fox and the author; and (3) Szemerédi's theorem as a black box.
Agenda-setting and power in collaborative natural resource management
Authors: DANDY NORMAN , FIORINI STEFANO , DAVIES ALTHEA LYNN 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYCollaborative management is a widely accepted means of resolving conflict amongst natural resource stakeholders. Power sharing is central to most conceptualizations of collaboration, but theoretical insights about power are only rarely used to interrogate collaborative processes. Agenda-setting theory was used to analyse cases of collaborative deer management in England, Scotland and Indiana (USA). Collaborative management agendas across scales and social contexts were found to be primarily set by contextual factors, particularly stakeholders drawing on specific cultures and policies, and pre-defining issues. These findings highlight significant gaps between the theory and practice of collaboration. If, in practice, substantial power has been wielded in advance, the capacity of subsequent collaborative processes to share power amongst stakeholders may be severely limited. To provide opportunities for differing cultural perspectives to be expressed and challenged, convenors of collaborative processes therefore need to be aware of and reflexive upon existing power relationships and structures.
Anomaly in structural noncentrosymmetry around TN n bulk and nanoscale BiFeO3
Authors: Goswami Sudipta , Bhattacharya Dipten , Iles Gail N. , Ghosh Barnali , Prytuliak Anastasiia A. , Malard Benoit , Das Gopes C. , Ouladdiaf B. , Chatterji T. 
Published: November 2013

Using high resolution powder neutron diffraction data, we show that there is a distinct anomaly in the structural noncentrosymmetry around the magnetic transition point TN for bulk and nanoscale BiFeO3. It appears that the structural noncentrosymmetry - which gives rise to the ferroelectric polarization - is suppressed anomalously by ~1% (of the average noncentrosymmetry at above the magnetic transition) in the bulk sample and by ~12% in the nanoscale sample as the magnetic transition is approached from higher temperature. This observation shows that the multiferroic coupling improves in the nanoscale sample which is expected to brighten the application prospects of nanoscale BiFeO3 in nanospintronics-based sensor devices.PACS Nos. 75.70.Cn, 75.75.-c
Heterogeneity in development of adolescent anxiety disorder symptoms in an 8-year longitudinal community study
Authors: Nelemans Stefanie A. , Hale William W. , Branje Susan J. T. , Raaijmakers Quinten A. W. , Frijns Tom , van Lier Pol A. C. , Meeus Wim H. J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this study, we prospectively examined developmental trajectories of five anxiety disorder symptom dimensions (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, school anxiety, separation anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder) from early to late adolescence in a community sample of 239 adolescents, assessed annually over 8 years. Latent growth modeling indicated different developmental trajectories from early into late adolescence for the different anxiety disorder symptoms, with some symptoms decreasing and other symptoms increasing over time. Sex differences in developmental trajectories were found for some symptoms, but not all. Furthermore, latent class growth analysis identified anormaldevelopmental profile (including a majority of adolescents reporting persistent low anxiety disorder symptoms over 8 years) and anat-riskdevelopmental profile (including a minority of adolescents reporting persistent high anxiety disorder symptoms over 8 years) for all of the anxiety disorder symptom dimensions except panic disorder. Additional analyses longitudinally supported the validity of these normal and at-risk developmental profiles and suggested differential associations between different anxiety disorder symptom dimensions and developmental trajectories of substance use, parenting, and identity development. Taken together, our results emphasize the importance of examining separate dimensions of anxiety disorder symptoms in contrast to a using a global, one-dimensional approach to anxiety.