bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Ankle Instability and Corticomotor Excitability of the Fibularis Longus Muscle
Authors: Pietrosimone Brian G. , Gribble Phillip A. 
Published: May 2013

Context
Neuromuscular deficits are common in people with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Corticomotor pathways are very influential in the production of voluntary muscle function, yet these pathways have not been evaluated in people with CAI.

Objective
To determine if corticomotor excitability of the fibularis longus (FL) differs between individuals with unilateral CAI and matched control participants without CAI.

Design
Case-control study.

Setting
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Ten people with CAI (4 men, 6 women; age = 21.2 ± 1.23 years, height = 175.13 ± 9.7 cm, mass = 77.1 ± 13.58 kg) and 10 people without CAI (4 men, 6 women; age = 21.2 ± 2.3 years; height = 172.34 ± 8.86 cm, mass = 73.4 ± 7.15 kg) volunteered for this study.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Transcranial magnetic stimulation was performed over the motor cortex on neurons corresponding with the FL. All testing was performed with the participant in a seated position with a slightly flexed knee joint and the ankle secured in 10° of plantar flexion. The resting motor threshold (RMT), which was expressed as a percentage of 2 T, was considered the lowest amount of magnetic energy that would induce an FL motor evoked potential equal to or greater than 20 μV, as measured with surface electromyography, on 7 consecutive stimuli. In addition, the Functional Ankle Disability Index (FADI) and FADI Sport were used to assess self-reported function.

Results
Higher RMTs were found in the injured and uninjured FL of the CAI group (60.8% ± 8.4% and 59.1% ± 8.99%, respectively) than the healthy group (52.8% ± 8.56% and 52% ± 7.0%, respectively; F1,18 = 4.92, P = .04). No leg × group interactions (F1,18 = 0.1, P = .76) or between-legs differences (F1,18 = 0.74, P = .40) were found. A moderate negative correlation was found between RMT and FADI (r = −0.4, P = .04) and FADI Sport (r = −0.44, P = .03), suggesting that higher RMT is related to lower self-reported function.

Conclusions
Higher bilateral RMTs may indicate deficits in FL corticomotor excitability in people with CAI. In addition, a moderate correlation between RMT and FADI suggests that cortical excitability deficits may be influential in altering function.
Five-Day Whole-Body Cryostimulation, Blood Inflammatory Markers, and Performance in High-Ranking Professional Tennis Players
Authors: Ziemann Ewa , Olek Robert Antoni , Kujach Sylwester , Grzywacz Tomasz , Antosiewicz Jędrzej , Garsztka Tomasz , Laskowski Radosław 
Published: May 2013

ContextTournament season can provoke overreaching syndrome in professional tennis players, which may lead to deteriorated performance. Thus, appropriate recovery methods are crucial for athletes in order to sustain high-level performance and avoid injuries. We hypothesized that whole-body cryostimulation could be applied to support the recovery process.ObjectiveTo assess the effects of 5 days of whole-body cryostimulation combined with moderate-intensity training on immunologic, hormonal, and hematologic responses; resting metabolic rate; and tennis performance in a posttournament season.DesignControlled laboratory study.SettingNational Olympic Sport Centre.Patients or Other ParticipantsTwelve high-ranking professional tennis players.Intervention(s)Participants followed a moderate-intensity training program. A subgroup was treated with the 5-day whole-body cryostimulation (−120°C) applied twice a day. The control subgroup participated in the training only.Main Outcome Measure(s)Pretreatment and posttreatment blood samples were collected and analyzed for tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, testosterone, cortisol, and creatine kinase. Resting metabolic rate and performance of a tennis drill were also assessed.ResultsProinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor α) decreased and pleiotropic cytokine (interleukin 6) and cortisol increased in the group exposed to cryostimulation. In the same group, greater stroke effectiveness during the tennis drill and faster recovery were observed. Neither the training program nor cryostimulation affected resting metabolic rate.ConclusionsProfessional tennis players experienced an intensified inflammatory response after the completed tournament season, which may lead to overreaching. Applying whole-body cryostimulation in conjunction with moderate-intensity training was more effective for the recovery process than the training itself. The 5-day exposure to cryostimulation twice a day ameliorated the cytokine profile, resulting in a decrease in tumor necrosis factor α and an increase in interleukin 6.
Periodontal disease and overall health: An update
Authors: Balakesavan Prashanth , Gokhale Sneha R. , Deshmukh Vijay , Williams Ray C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by a mixed microbial infection. The disease is a result of a complex interaction between the bacteria and the susceptible host. The host reaction to the microbial flora leads to a release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a low grade inflammatory response that has an effect on the overall health status of the patient. Periodontitis has been associated with several systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, adverse pregnancy outcomes and respiratory infections. In recent years, the relationship of periodontitis to overall health has been explored by numerous researchers who have expanded our understanding of periodontal disease as it affects the overall health of human subjects. This article further examines the relationship of periodontitis to overall health and throws a light on recent associations.
Evaluation of microflora of root carious lesions in different age groups: A microbiological study
Authors: Aparna Ashok , Hegde Mithra N. , Shetty Veena 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and Actinomyces species in root carious lesions in middle-aged and older adults of South Indian population and to comparatively evaluate the microbial count in two different age groups. Materials and Methods: Specimens of root carious lesions were collected from 60 adults for bacteriological studies. Amongst which 28 subjects belonged to middle age group (35-44 years) and 32 subjects to older age group (55-75 years). Standard procedures of culture, isolation and identification of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were adopted in the study. Results: The analysis of results was performed using Chi-square test. SPSS 20 has been used to analyze the data. Among the isolated microorganisms, streptococci (56.7%) and lactobacilli (28.3%) were more prevalent in root caries lesions compared to actinomyces species (15.0%) and most frequently occurred in older adults. There is also a statistically significant association between the age group and the presence of lactobacillus (P=0.024). Conclusions: Aerobic Gram-positive cocci (Streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus) as well as anaerobic bacteria (Actinomyces spp.), occurred most frequently in root carious lesions in older adults as compared to middle-aged population.
Effect of maternal periodontal status on birth weight
Authors: Umoh Agnes O. , Ojehanon Patrick I. , Savage Kofo O. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Aim: The study was to determine the effect of maternal periodontal status on birth weight. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State. Recruited into the study were 300 pregnant women aged between 20 and 34 years who were randomly placed into two groups. Test group received oral prophylaxis upon enrolment and control group received prophylaxis after deliveries. The gestational age for enrolment was from 12 weeks to 36 weeks. The groups were balanced for other risk factors, while smoking and alcohol was assessed using the questionnaire. The participants were all primigravid women. Data were collected by means of interviewer-administered questionnaire, clinical dental examination and participants′ hospital records. Results: Community Periodontal Index (CPI) assessment revealed that 44.4% recorded code 2; 22% had code 3; while 16.6% had code 4. The overall prevalence of low birth and normal weight in this study were 6.3% and 93.8% respectively. The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) among the test and control group were 0.0% and 12.5% respectively. The highest prevalence of low birth weight delivery (27.3%) among the control group was among the participants with CPI score 4 which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed that the control group had low birth weight deliveries, which was significantly associated with poor periodontal status. Therefore, there is the need for oral prophylaxis among pregnant women preferably before second trimester.
Evaluation of stress distribution of fixed partial dentures over straight and inclined implants in various macrodesigns by the photoelastic stress analysis method
Authors: Ozkir Serhat Emre , Terzioglu Hakan , Culhaoglu Ahmet Kursad 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Aims: Tooth loss results in many problems, such as functional and esthetic problems, which may also have psychological implications. Dental implants are revolutionary improvements in functional and esthetic rehabilitation. Biomechanics is the one of the main factors for achieving the long-term success of implant-supported prostheses. It is important to distinguish the effects of macrodesign differences over stress distribution. Materials and Methods: In this study, the photoelastic response of four different types of implants that were inserted with different angulations and restored with 3-unit fixed bridges were comparatively analyzed. The implant types investigated were screw cylinder (ITI, Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland), stepped cylinder (Frialit2, Friadent GmbH, Manheim, Germany), root form (Camlog Rootline, Alatatec, Wilshelm, Germany) and cylindrical implant with microthreads on implant neck (Astra, AstraTech, Mölndal, Sweden). In the test models, one of the implants was inserted straight while the other one was aligned mesially with 15° angles. Superstructures were prepared as 3-unit fixed partial denture FPD restorations. A 150 N loading was applied to the restorations throughout the test. Observations showed that misaligned implants caused less stresses than the straight implants, but the stress concentrations were not homogenous. Results: The comparison of implant designs showed that there were no significant differences between straight implants; however, between inclined implants, the most favorable stress distribution was seen with the stepped cylinder implants. The least favorable stress concentration was observed around the root-formed implants. Microthreads around the implant neck appeared to be effective in homogenous stress distribution. Observations showed that misaligned implants caused less stresses than the straight implants but the stress concentrations were not homogenous. Conclusion: While loading on a single implant, the remaining implant was not very effective at stress distribution. Cylinder type implants were better at stress distribution then the tapered implants while stress concentrations were lower around the inclined implants than the straight implants.
Conservative treatment of keratocyst: A follow-up study
Authors: Singh Vibha , Mohammad Shadab , Singh Nimisha , Das Somdipto 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a cyst of tooth origin with an aggressive clinical behavior, including a high recurrence rate. The OKC is well known for its tendency to recur, potential aggressive behavior and defined histopathological feature. The aim of our study is to report the outcome of conservative treatment protocol for OKC. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was undertaken of all cases of OKC treated at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KGMU, Lucknow between 2007 and 2009. A total of 35 cases of cystic lesion were identified, which were treated by one group of surgeons. On histopathological examination 17 patients out of 35 were diagnosed as OKC. We have treated all the patients of OKC with surgical curettage followed by iodoform dressing. There was only one recurrence reported, which was further treated by resection. Clinical features and various treatment modalities of OKC are discussed. Conclusions: Enucleation followed by open packing can be used as a choice of treatment with low recurrence rate for the large keratocystic lesions. The patient should have periodic radiographic and clinical examination. In the cases of the recurrence, lesion should be treated by resection and reconstruction
Nutritional peculiarities during the prenatal period and physical status of the offspring: a pilot experimental study
Authors: Araminaitė V. , Šimkūnaitė-Rizgelienė R. , Žalgevičienė V. , Bukelskienė V. , Tutkuvienė J. 
Published: May 2013

Nutrition in uterus has a significant influence on the formation of metabolic phenotype in offspring generations. The objective of this study was to investigate maternal nutrition and the changes in body weight at few generations of rat offspring.
Materials and methods. 12 maternal rats and 121 offspring rats were used in the study. Mature female Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups with respect to nutritional restriction (one control and two experimental groups). Rats from the first experimental group (1 EG) were 50 percent food-restricted one month prior and during the pregnancy; rats from the second experimental group (2 EG) were 50 percent food-restricted exclusively one month prior to the pregnancy. After weaning all the pups were fed with control diet, weighted weekly, observed and evaluated for the morphological indices of metabolic stress.
Results and conclusions. Maternal nutritional restriction in pre-pregnancy and pregnancy may alter the physical status and behaviour of the offspring: the reactions differ in both sexes; the alterations depend on the time window of exposure. There were no weight-related differences between groups in body weight of female offspring rats during the all time periods of the study. The first generation 1 EG male offsprings were the heaviest; the tendency for a greater than control group weight was also observed at the second generation up till the early reproductive period. The 2nd generation 2 EG male rats were the heaviest and exhibited some evident markers of chronic diseases.
Growth tendencies of the “generation of independence”: the relation between socioeconomic factors and growth indices
Authors: Suchomlinov Andrej , Tutkuvienė Janina 
Published: May 2013

Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate the physical status of children born in 1990 in Vilnius City and Region from birth up to the end of puberty, and to investigate the epochal changes and tendencies of their growth.
Materials and methods. 1 535 personal health records of children born in 1990 in Vilnius City and Region were analyzed. The main growth indices (height and weight) were recorded from birth up to the age of 18 years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children was found using the cut-off points for body mass index recommended by the International Obesity Task Force (Cole et al., 2000). The results of the present study were compared with the results of Lithuanian growth studies, as well as with the growth standards of the World Health Organization (WHO).
Results. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children born in 1990 in Vilnius City and Region was low: 13.60% and 2.40% in the 18-year-old boys and 9.51% and 1.90% in the 18-year-old girls, respectively. The retardation of growth was observed during the first years of independence. The main growth indices have changed in girls more than in boys: both their height (from 166.5 ± 7.0 cm to 167.9 ± 6.2 cm, during the two past decades) and their BMI (from 20.37 ± 2.27 kg/m2 to 21.28 ± 3.33 kg/m2, over the past ten years) increased.
Conclusions. Certain retardation in growth of the children born in 1990 was related with the great political, social and economic transition in Lithuania. However, the retardation process was reversible. The main indices of the physical status (height, weight and body mass index) of children did not change much during the two past decades (the acceleration had stabilized). The growth patterns of the “generation of independence” by the end of adolescence showed the tendency towards a higher body weight, though the prevalence of overweight and obesity remained low.
Foods that cause adverse reactions and ailments: the EuroPrevall survey results in Vilnius (Lithuania)
Authors: Kavaliūnas Andrius , Šurkienė Genė , Dubakienė Rūta , Stukas Rimantas , Žagminas Kęstutis 
Published: May 2013

Aim. The aim of this study was to determine foods that cause adverse reactions and ailments to citizens of Vilnius (Lithuania).
Methods. Vilnius University was a partner in the EuroPrevall integrated project – “The Prevalence Cost and Basis of Food Allergy in Europe”, which is a EU-funded multi-disciplinary research study. By implementing this project, 4 333 6–12 year old schoolchildren of the 1st–4th grades from primary schools in Vilnius were asked to answer an anonymous questionnaire (3 084 questionnaires were gathered in return, response rate 71.2%). Meanwhile, 3 985 adults were asked to answer similar questions during interviews (2 634 of them agreed to take part in the survey, response rate 66.1%).
Results. Fruits and berries (24.6%), and mostly citrus fruits (7.8%) were the most common foods that caused clinical symptoms among the children. Other important problematic foods were milk and dairy (19.4%), chocolate (10.9%), egg (7.4%). Fruits and berries were also the most common foods that caused clinical symptoms among adults (33.3%); other important foods were nuts (19.6%), vegetables (11.8%), chocolate (9.8%). Meat, crustaceans, cereals were food that caused clinical symptoms least to children and adults (≤2.0%).
Conclusions. The list of the most allergenic foods is different in various countries and regions. Food allergy is closely related with age, nutritional habits of the family and society, culture and religion. Therefore, we can find many similarities and disparities when comparing Vilnius with other cities or places in Europe and the world. In Lithuania, there are congenial conditions to grow and consume fruits, vegetables and dairy, therefore these foods are more likely to become allergens to some part of society.
Next-generation whole-exome sequencing contribution to identification of rare autosomal recessive diseases
Authors: Rančelis Tautvydas , Cimbalistienė Loreta , Kučinskas Vaidutis 
Published: May 2013

A rare disease is any disease that affects a small percentage of the population. In the European Union a disease is defined as rare if it affects less than 1 in 2,000 people. Despite a small percentage of affected people by one disease, the total number of rare diseases is estimated to be around 7,000–8,000, thus, because of their large number they have an impact on many people and even 30 million of European Union citizens may be suffering from them. Research of rare diseases may help to explain their mechanism or to develop more advanced diagnostics. Classical strategies for studies of rare autosomal recessive diseases encounter with additional problems (multiple genetic variants, de novo mutations, extremely rare cases) that make these strategies not enough effective. Next generation whole-exome sequencing (WES) opened a new page in Mendelian disease gene discovery – enabling to study autosomal recessive diseases in a new way. During 3 years of WES usage many novel mutations of autosomal recessive disease genes were discovered.
Incidence and etiology of mandibular fractures treated in Vilnius University Hospital Žalgiris clinic, Lithuania: a review of 1 508 cases
Authors: Zaleckas Linas , Drobnys Povilas , Rimkuvienė Jūratė 
Published: May 2013

Relevance of the study: this is the first Lithuanian study, which analyzes in detail the incidence, etiology and circumstances of mandibular fractures treated in the Vilnius University Hospital, Lithuania. The data and findings of this study are compared with other studies, identifying specific mandibular trauma patterns in Lithuania.
Background. During past few decades, the socioeconomic situation in Lithuania has been changing significantly, and there is a need to evaluate data about mandibular fracture epidemiology and etiology. The aim of the study was to analyse the incidence, etiology, circumstances and localization of mandibular fractures treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vilnius University Hospital Žalgiris Clinic, Lithuania.
Materials and methods. The medical records of 1 508 patients with mandibular fractures, treated between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2009, were reviewed. The following data were analysed: age, gender, trauma date and time, etiology and circumstances of trauma, fracture area.
Results. The male : female ratio was 7.3 : 1. The majority of patients (53.6%) were young people, aged 16–30 years. Mandibular fractures most often (53%) occurred between May and September, mostly at weekends (61%) and in the late evening (60%). The main cause of mandibular fractures was interpersonal violence (70%), followed by falls and accidents (19%), and road traffic accidents (6%). Even 15% of men and 10% of women were alcohol intoxicated at the time of trauma. The most common fracture area was mandibular angle (32%) and condylar process fractures (31%).
Conclusions. The incidence of mandibular fractures was remarkably larger in the male, during the second and third decade of life. Most mandibular fractures occurred in the warm period of the year, especially at weekends and late evening. The mandibular basis region was the most common fracture site. The most common cause of mandibular fractures was assault.
Mortality prediction following CABG surgery: comparison of EuroSCORE vs general risk scoring systems
Authors: Samalavičius Robertas , Ringaitienė Donata , Urbonas Karolis , Misiurienė Irina , Norkūnas Gediminas , Valaika Arūnas , Kalinauskas Gintaras 
Published: May 2013

Background. The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy of general scoring systems on ICU arrival with preoperative evaluation using the EuroSCORE risk model in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Methods. Ethical committee approved a prospective observational study. Data for 514 consecutive CABG patients operated during one year period were collected. EuroSCORE risk score before surgery and APACHE II, SAPS II and MODS on ICU admission following surgery were calculated for all patients. Calibration of the risk stratification models was performed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit test, discrimination was made using Receiver Operative Characterictic (ROC) Curves. Predicted values of the risk scoring systems were compared with the actual mortality rate.
Results. The observed crude hospital mortality rate of patients during the study period was 2.7%. All risk scoring systems overestimated mortality (Apache II – 12.2%, SAPS II – 5.5%, MODS – 6.8%, EuroSCORE – 4.5%). Hovewer, the preoperative EuroSCORE Risk Stratification System performed better than the postoperative General Severity scoring systems on ICU admission, while the APACHE II system showed the worst discriminatory capability.
Conclusions. General Severity scoring systems on ICU arrival following cardiac surgery have worse discriminatory ability in predicting hospital mortality compared to the EuroSCORE Risk Evaluation System performed preoperatively.