bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of middle names: Middle name initials enhance evaluations of intellectual performance
Authors: van Tilburg Wijnand A. P. , Igou Eric R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMiddle name initials often appear in formal contexts, especially when people refer to intellectual achievements. On the basis of this common link, the display of middle initials increases positive evaluations of people's intellectual capacities and achievements. We document this effect in seven studies: Middle initials in authors' names increased the evaluation of their writing performance (Study 1), and middle initials increased perceptions of status (Studies 2 and 4). Moreover, the middle initials effect was specific to intellectual performance (Studies 3 and 6), and it was mediated by perceived status (Studies 5–7). Besides supporting our hypotheses, the results of these studies yield important implication for everyday life. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid automatic segmentation of the human cerebellum and its lobules (RASCAL)—Implementation and application of the patch‐based label‐fusion technique with a template library to segment the human cerebellum
Authors: Weier Katrin , Fonov Vladimir , Lavoie Karyne , Doyon Julien , Collins D. Louis 
Published: April 2014

AbstractReliable and fast segmentation of the human cerebellum with its complex architecture of lobes and lobules has been a challenge for the past decades. Emerging knowledge of the functional integration of the cerebellum in various sensori‐motor and cognitive‐behavioral circuits demands new automatic segmentation techniques, with accuracies similar to manual segmentations, but applicable to large subject numbers in a reasonable time frame. This article presents the development and application of a novel pipeline for rapid automatic segmentation of the human cerebellum and its lobules (RASCAL) combining patch‐based label‐fusion and a template library of manually labeled cerebella of 16 healthy controls from the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM) database. Leave‐one‐out experiments revealed a good agreement between manual and automatic segmentations (Dice kappa = 0.82). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to test reliability of segmented volumes and were highest (ICC > 0.9) for global measures (total and hemispherical grey and white matter) followed by larger lobules of the posterior lobe (ICC > 0.8). Further we applied the pipeline to all 152 young healthy controls of the ICBM database to look for hemispheric and gender differences. The results demonstrated larger native space volumes in men then women (mean (± SD) total cerebellar volume in women = 217 cm3 (± 26), men = 259 cm3 (± 29); P < 0.001). Significant gender‐by‐hemisphere interaction was only found in stereotaxic space volumes for white matter core (men > women) and anterior lobe volume (women > men). This new method shows great potential for the precise and efficient analysis of the cerebellum in large patient cohorts. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5026–5039, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A framework for regional estimation of intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves
Authors: Burn Donald H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA regional, or pooled, approach to frequency analysis is explored in the context of the estimation of rainfall quantiles required for the formation of intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves. Resampling experiments are used, in conjunction with two rainfall data sets with long record lengths, to explore the merits of a pooled approach to the estimation of extreme rainfall quantiles. The width of the 95% confidence interval for quantile estimates is used as the primary basis to evaluate the relative merits of pooled and single site estimates of rainfall quantiles. Recommendations are formulated for applying the regional approach to frequency analysis, and these recommendations are used in the application of the regional approach to 40 sites with IDF data in southern Ontario, Canada. The results demonstrate that the regional approach is preferred to single site analysis for estimating extreme rainfall quantiles for conditions and data availability commonly encountered in practice. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of increasing gravel cover on forest roads for reduced sediment delivery to stream crossings
Authors: Brown Kristopher R. , McGuire Kevin J. , Aust W. Michael , Hession W. Cully , Dolloff C. Andrew 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDirect sediment inputs from forest roads at stream crossings are a major concern for water quality and aquatic habitat. Legacy road–stream crossing approaches, or the section of road leading to the stream, may have poor water and grade control upon reopening, thus increasing the potential for negative impacts to water quality. Rainfall simulation experiments were conducted on the entire running surface area associated with six reopened stream crossing approaches in the south‐western Virginia Piedmont physiographic region, USA. Event‐based surface run‐off and associated total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations were compared among a succession of gravel surfacing treatments that represented increasing intensities of best management practice (BMP) implementation. The three treatments were no gravel (10–19% cover), low gravel (34–60% cover), and high gravel (50–99% cover). Increased field hydraulic conductivity was associated with maximized surface cover and ranged from 7.2 to 41.6, 11.9 to 46.3, and 16.0 to 58.6 mm h−1 respectively for the no gravel, low gravel, and high gravel treatments. Median TSS concentration of surface run‐off for the no gravel treatment (2.84 g l−1) was greater than low gravel (1.10 g l−1) and high gravel (0.82 g l−1) by factors of 2.6 and 3.5 respectively. Stream crossing approaches with 90–99% surface cover had TSS concentrations below 1 g l−1. Reducing the length of road segments that drain directly to the stream can reduce the costs associated with gravel surfacing. This research demonstrates that judicious and low‐cost BMPs can ameliorate poor water control and soil erosion associated with reopening legacy roads. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teaching Adolescent ELs to Write Academic‐Style Persuasive Essays
Authors: Ramos Kathleen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe wide adoption of the new Common Core State Standards (CCSS) in the U.S. has increased expectations for all teachers to prepare all learners to read and write in academic ways. More knowledge is needed about instructional approaches that may lead adolescent English learners (ELs) to meet this goal. Developing academic literacy practices represents an acute challenge for adolescentELs. This article describes an eight‐week instructional unit in a U.S. urban public high school that investigated the effectiveness of using the genre‐based Reading to Learn approach to support 20 adolescentELs in learning to write academic‐style persuasive essays. Results indicated a statistically significant increase from pretest to posttest in the participants' effective use of the linguistic resources that function to create persuasion in an academic way. These findings suggest that the Reading to Learn approach may be one way to support adolescentELs in developing academic literacy practices.
Korean and Korean American Adolescents' Responses to Literature
Authors: Kim Eunhyun 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHow might Korean/Korean American youth cope with everyday life as a minority or a model minority if they had early and consistent exposure to literature depicting the mirrored experiences of Korean/Korean Americans? This study employed qualitative methods and an interpretive approach which enhance understanding of the life experiences, literary experiences, interpersonal interactions, and complex socio‐cultural contexts of Korean/Korean American adolescents. Data was collected through interviews, participant‐observations, and response journals. The findings revealed that the participants' exposure to the literature provided opportunities to reflect on their own experiences related to the stories, expand their worldviews, increase critical awareness of social issues, enhance understanding of issues and struggles of Korean/Korean Americans, and experience personal transformation. The interpretive community created spaces to deepen literary understanding by providing chances to share their viewpoints, grapple with alternative points of view, and add layers of meaning.
Joy and the “Smart Kids”
Authors: Majors Yolanda J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThrough a sharing of personal experience, this article aims to draw attention to the language of schooling— a language, both simple and sophisticated, that many schools, as institutions, devise to communicate with insiders and outsiders. The author argues that there is a mismatch between assumed best practices embedded in this language and the challenging demands of cultural, community‐based pedagogies.  Institutional discourses, while appearing neutral, simultaneously cling to explicit and implicit colorblind discourses. Such discourses allow the institution of schooling, and the individual teacher, to evade critical examination, thereby sustaining a complex landscape in which consumers (students, parents, and stakeholders) engage producers (teachers, administrators) in stances relative to the expectations that each has of the other.
Polyethlyene glycol microgels to deliver bioactive nerve growth factor
Authors: Stukel Jessica , Thompson Susan , Simon Laurent , Willits Rebecca 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDelivery of bioactive molecules is a critical step in fabricating materials for regenerative medicine, yet, this step is particularly challenging in hydrated scaffolds such as hydrogels. Although bulk photocrosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels have been used for a variety of tissue engineering applications, their capability as drug delivery scaffolds has been limited due to undesirable release profiles and reduction in bioactivity of molecules. To solve these problems, this article presents the fabrication of degradable PEG microgels, which are micron‐sized spherical hydrogels, to deliver bioactive nerve growth factor (NGF). NGF release and activity was measured after encapsulation in microgels formed from either 3 kDa or 6 kDa PEG to determine the role of hydrogel mesh size on release. Microgels formed from 6 kDa PEG were statistically larger and had a higher swelling ratio than 3 kDa PEG. The 6 kDa PEG microgels provided a Fickian release with a reduced burst effect and 3 kDa microgels provided anomalous release over ≥20 days. Regardless of molecular weight of PEG, NGF bioactivity was not significantly reduced compared to unprocessed NGF. These results demonstrate that microgels provide easy mechanisms to control the release while retaining the activity of growth factors. As this microgel‐based delivery system can be injected at the site of nerve injury to promote nerve repair, the potential to deliver active growth factors in a controlled manner may reduce healing time for neural tissue engineering applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 604–613, 2015.
Altered Bone Material Properties in HLA-B27 Rats Include Reduced Mineral to Matrix Ratio and Altered Collagen Cross-Links
Authors: Gamsjaeger Sonja , Srivastava Apurva K , Wergedal Jon E , Zwerina Jochen , Klaushofer Klaus , Paschalis Eleftherios P , Tatakis Dimitris N 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Spondyloarthropathy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are often associated with severe osteopenia/osteoporosis in both children and adults. HLA-B27 transgenic rats present a phenotype that includes severe colitis and severely accelerated alveolar bone loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate long bone density status, systemic bone metabolic markers, and intrinsic bone material properties in HLA-B27 transgenic (TG) rats, and compare them with those of age- and sex-matched wild-type (WT) animals. The results indicate that in the HLA-B27 rat, an animal susceptible to both alveolar bone loss (ABL) and long bone osteopenia, there is a statistically significant negative correlation between ABL and long bone bone mineral density (BMD), as well as mineral/matrix ratio at active bone-forming trabecular surfaces. The TG animals had a lower mineral/matrix ratio and higher relative proteoglycan and advanced glycation end product (ϵ-N-Carboxymethyl-L-lysine) content and pyridinoline/divalent collagen cross-link ratio compared with WT. These results may provide better understanding of the interrelationship between osteoporosis and oral bone loss, the underlying causes of the inferior bone strength in the HLA-B27 transgenic animals, and could prove to be a useful model in the elucidation of the pathophysiology of spondyloarthropathy and IBD-associated osteopenia/osteoporosis and in the evaluation of pharmacological intervention(s) against such conditions. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Development of parallel miniature bubble column bioreactors for fermentation process
Authors: Kheradmandnia Soheila , Hashemi‐Najafabadi Sameereh , Shojaosadati Seyed Abbas , Mousavi Seyyed Mohammad , Malek Khosravi Khosro 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, bioprocess development has been used scaled down bioreactors, parallel operation and on‐line monitoring. In this study novel miniature bubble column bioreactors (MBCRs) have been developed. Reproducibility of the bioreactors, the effect of operational parameters and scale up to a conventional STR were studied.RESULTSFermentations in the parallel MBCRs were reproducible under the same conditions. Increasing the aeration rate had an insufficient effect on the specific growth rate (μ) of E. coli, but it led to an increase in the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (KLa) and evaporation rate. The oxygen uptake rate (OUR) remained constant at different aeration rates as well as μ. Increasing the temperature resulted in a significant increase in μ, KLa, evaporation rate and OUR. Control of the pH had a slight but sufficient effect on KLa. Scale up results with an equal KLa demonstrated good agreement between the MBCR and a conventional STR. According to the Damköhler number, the biochemical reaction was rate‐limited.CONCLUSIONHigh achievable KLa in the MBCRs and successful scale‐up suggested the present system was an efficient alternative to the stirred or shaken devices for high throughput cultivations. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of dietary polysaccharides from the submerged fermentation concentrate of Hericium caput‐medusae (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. on fat deposition in broilers
Authors: Shang Hong Mei , Song Hui , Shen Si Jie , Yao Xu , Wu Bo , Wang Li Na , Jiang Yun Yao , Ding Guo Dong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study was conducted to investigate the lipid‐lowering effect of polysaccharides from the submerged fermentation concentrate of Hericium caput‐medusae (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. (HFCP) in broilers. A total of 480 female Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into four dietary treatments, each consisting of six pens as replicates, and fed diets containing 0 (control), 1, 3 or 5 g kg−1 HFCP.RESULTSThe results revealed that the average daily gain of broilers increased (linear (L), P < 0.01; quadratic (Q), P < 0.01) when the HFCP levels increased. The serum cholesterol, triglyceride and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased (Q, P < 0.05) while the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level increased (Q, P < 0.05) when the HFCP levels increased. The caecum Escherichia coli count and pH decreased (Q, P < 0.01) while the lactobacilli count and bifidobacteria count increased (L, P < 0.05; Q, P < 0.05) when the HFCP levels increased. The propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations increased (L, P < 0.001; Q, P < 0.001) while the abdominal fat rate and liver fat content decreased (L, P < 0.01; Q, P < 0.05) when the HFCP levels increased.CONCLUSIONDietary supplementation with HFCP may lead to the development of low abdominal fat of broilers as demanded by health‐conscious consumers. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
pH shift protein recovery with organic acids on texture and color of cooked gels
Authors: Paker Ilgin , Beamer Sarah , Jaczynski Jacek , Matak Kristen E 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDIsoelectric solubilization and precipitation (ISP) processing uses pH shifts to separate protein from fish frames, which may increase commercial interest for silver carp. Texture and color properties of gels made from silver carp protein recovered at different pH strategies and organic acid types were compared. ISP was applied to headed gutted silver carp using 10 mol L−1 sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and either glacial acetic acid (AA) or a (1:1) formic and lactic acid combination (F&L). Protein gels were made with recovered protein and standard functional additives.RESULTSTexture profile analysis and the Kramer shear test showed that protein gels made from protein solubilized at basic pH values were firmer, harder, more cohesive, gummier and chewier (P < 0.05) than proteins solubilized under acidic conditions. Acidic solubilization led to whiter (P < 0.05) gels, and using F&L during ISP yielded whiter gels under all treatments (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONGels made from ISP‐recovered silver carp protein using organic acids show potential for use as a functional ingredient in restructured foods. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of processing sorghum and millets on their phenolic phytochemicals and the implications of this to the health‐enhancing properties of sorghum and millet food and beverage products
Authors: Taylor John RN , Duodu Kwaku G 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSorghum and millet grains are generally rich in phytochemicals, particularly various types of phenolics. However, the types and amounts vary greatly between and within species. The food‐processing operations applied to these grains, i.e. dehulling and decortication, malting, fermentation and thermal processing, dramatically affect the quantity of phenolics present, most generally reducing them. Thus the levels of phytochemicals in sorghum and millet foods and beverages are usually considerably lower than in the grains. Notwithstanding this, there is considerable evidence that sorghum and millet foods and beverages have important functional and health‐promoting effects, specifically antidiabetic, cardiovascular disease and cancer prevention, due to the actions of these phytochemicals. Also their lactic acid bacteria‐fermented products may have probiotic effects related to their unique microflora. However, direct proof of these health‐enhancing effects is lacking as most studies have been carried out on the grains or grain extracts and not the food and beverage products themselves, and also most research work has been in vitro or ex vivo and not in vivo. To provide the required evidence, better designed studies are needed. The sorghum and millet products should be fully characterised, especially their phytochemical composition. Most importantly, well‐controlled human clinical studies and intervention trials are required. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Experimental and Computational Study of the Thermal Decomposition of 3‐Methyl‐3‐buten‐1‐ol in m‐Xylene Solution
Authors: QUIJANO JAIRO , RUIZ PABLO , NOTARIO RAFAEL , ZAPATA EDILMA , GAVIRIA JAÍR 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTAn experimental study of the thermal decomposition of a β‐hydroxy alkene, 3‐methyl‐3‐buten‐1‐ol, in m‐xylene solution, has been carried out at five different temperatures in the range of 513.15–563.15 K. The temperature dependence of the rate constants for the decomposition of this compound in the corresponding Arrhenius equation is given by ln k (s−1) = (25.65 ± 1.52) − (17,944 ± 814) (kJ·mol−1)·T−1. A computational study has been carried out at the M05–2X/6–31+G(d,p) level of theory to calculate the rate constants and the activation parameters by the classical transition state theory. There is a good agreement between the experimental and calculated rate constants and activation Gibbs energies. The bonding characteristics of reactant, transition state, and products have been investigated by the natural bond orbital analysis, which provides the natural atomic charges and the Wiberg bond indices. Based on the results obtained, the mechanism proposed is a one‐step process proceeding through a six‐membered cyclic transition state, being a concerted and slightly asynchronous process. The results have been compared with those obtained previously by us (Struct Chem 2013, 24, 1811–1816) for the thermal decomposition of 3‐buten‐1‐ol, in m‐xylene solution. We can conclude that in the compound studied in this work, 3‐methyl‐3‐buten‐1‐ol, the effect of substitution at position 3 by a weakly activating CH3 group is the stabilization of the transition state formed in the reaction and therefore a small increase in the rate of thermal decomposition.
Decision‐making, sensitivity to reward and attrition in weight management
Authors: Koritzky Gilly , Dieterle Camille , Rice Chantelle , Jordan Katie , Bechara Antoine 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveAttrition is a common problem in weight management. Understanding the risk factors for attrition should enhance professionals' ability to increase completion rates and improve health outcomes for more individuals. A model that draws upon neuropsychological knowledge on reward‐sensitivity in obesity and overeating to predict attrition is proposed.MethodsA total of 52 participants in a weight‐management program completed a complex decision‐making task. Decision‐making characteristics—including sensitivity to reward—were further estimated using a quantitative model. Impulsivity and risk‐taking measures were also administered.ResultsConsistent with the hypothesis that sensitivity to reward predicted attrition, program dropouts had higher sensitivity to reward than completers (P < 0.03). No differences were observed between completers and dropouts in initial BMI, age, employment status, or the number of prior weight‐loss attempts (P ≥ 0.07). Completers had a slightly higher education level than dropouts, but its inclusion in the model did not increase predictive power. Impulsivity, delay of gratification, and risk taking did not predict attrition, either.ConclusionsFindings link attrition in weight management to the neural mechanisms associated with reward‐seeking and related influences on decision‐making. Individual differences in the magnitude of response elicited by rewards may account for the relative difficulty experienced by dieters in adhering to treatment.
Healable dual organic–inorganic crosslinked sol–gel based polymers: Crosslinking density and tetrasulfide content effect
Authors: AbdolahZadeh Mina , C. Esteves A. Catarina , van der Zwaag Sybrand , Garcia Santiago J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, the first generation of healable sol–gel based polymers is reported. A dual organic–inorganic crosslinked network is developed containing non‐reversible crosslinks and reversible (tetrasulfide) groups. The designed polymer architecture allows thermally induced mesoscale flow leading to damage closure followed by interfacial strength restoration due to reformation of the reversible groups. While the reversible bonds are responsible for the flow and the interface restoration, the irreversible crosslinks control the required mechanical integrity during the healing process. The temperature dependent gap closure kinetics is strongly affected by the crosslinking density and tetrasulfide content. Raman spectroscopy is used to explain the gap closure kinetics in air and dry nitrogen. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1953–1961