bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Claims for compensation after alleged birth asphyxia: a nationwide study covering 15 years
Authors: Andreasen Stine , Backe Bjørn , Øian Pål 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze compensation claims with neurological sequela or death following alleged birth asphyxia.DesignA cohort study.SettingA nationwide study in Norway.SampleAll claims made to The Norwegian System of Compensation to Patients (NPE) concerning sequela related to alleged birth asphyxia, between 1994 and 2008. A total of 315 claims of which 161 were awarded compensation.MethodsExamination of hospital records, experts' assessments and the decisions made by the NPE, the appeal body and courts of law.Main outcome measuresCharacteristics of deliveries resulting in intrapartum asphyxia and causes of substandard care categorized in eight groups.ResultsIn the 161 compensated cases, 107 children survived (96 with neurological sequela), and 54 children died. Human error was a frequent reason of substandard care, seen as inadequate fetal monitoring (50%), lack of clinical knowledge and skills (14%), noncompliance with clinical guidelines (11%), failure in referral for senior medical help (10%) and error in drug administration (4%). System errors were registered in only 3%, seen as poor organization of the department, lack of guidelines and time conflicts. The health personnel held responsible for substandard care was an obstetrician in 49% and a midwife in 46%.ConclusionsSubstandard care is common in birth asphyxia, and human error is the cause in most cases. Inadequate fetal monitoring and lack of clinical knowledge and skills are the most frequent reasons for compensation after birth asphyxia.
The usefulness of plasma histamine and different tryptase cut‐off points in the diagnosis of peranaesthetic hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Berroa F. , Lafuente A. , Javaloyes G. , Ferrer M. , Moncada R. , Goikoetxea M. J. , Urbain C. M. , Sanz M. L. , Gastaminza G. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryAnaesthetic hypersensitivity reactions can be IgE‐ or not IgE‐mediated and are a challenge to find the causal agent. Histamine and tryptase determination are classically considered useful in the diagnosis of these reactions. The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic usefulness of plasma histamine and different cut‐off points of serum tryptase.MethodsPatients suffering a reaction suggestive of hypersensitivity during general anaesthesia in Clínica Universidad de Navarra (2008–2012) were included. Serum tryptase and plasma histamine were measured at the time of the reaction and 2 h later. Baseline tryptase was also determined. Four to eight weeks after the reaction an allergological study was performed to all the drugs or products involved in the reaction.ResultsSixty‐five patients suffered an immediate hypersensitivity reaction during the period of the study. Thirty‐seven patients (20 male) with median age 48 years (12–79) were included because they completed allergological study, and histamine and tryptase were correctly obtained. Elevated plasma histamine was observed in 34 cases (92%). Tryptase exceeded twice the basal values in 10 patients (31%). Using different cut‐off points of tryptase, the number of patients with elevated tryptase would be 15 patients (41%) for a cut‐off point of 5 μg/L; 12 patients (32%) for a cut‐off point of 8.23 μg/L; nine patients (24%) for 10.5 μg/L; and eight patients (22%) for 11.4 μg/L. The median tryptase level for the IgE‐mediated reactions was 9.0 μg/L (2–70 μg/L) and 4.0 μg/L (3–13 μg/L) in non‐IgE‐mediated reactions (P < 0.01). Median tryptase levels were higher in more severe reactions (grade 2 or 3) in comparison with grade 1. The best ratio for serum‐tryptase‐during‐reaction/basal‐serum‐tryptase to discriminate between IgE and non‐IgE reactions was 2.0.ConclusionThe best criterion for discriminating IgE‐ and non IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity reactions in anaesthesia was a tryptase value exceeding twice the basal one.
Determining range edges: habitat quality, climate or climate extremes?
Authors: Seabrook Leonie , McAlpine Clive , Rhodes Jonathan , Baxter Greg , Bradley Adrian , Lunney Daniel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimClimate change is predicted to adversely affect wildlife populations at the trailing edge of their range, with extreme weather events acting as a catalyst for local extinctions and range contractions. We assessed the relative importance of long‐term climate averages, short‐term drought and habitat in predicting species occupancy and range edge, using the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) as a case study.LocationQueensland, Australia.MethodsWe used mixed effects models to quantify the influence of habitat quality and climate on koala distribution at the trailing edge of their range, at three spatial scales. We used piecewise logistic regression to estimate thresholds in the relationship between the range edge and key environmental variables.ResultsBoth climatic and habitat variables explained koala presence. At the site scale, the quality of habitat was important within landscapes that had experienced higher levels of rainfall during a decade‐long drought. The spatial pattern of the koala's present‐day western range limit reflects closely a breakpoint of ~350 mm in summer rainfall during the drought years, supporting both theoretical predictions and empirical research on the influence of climate extremes on contracting edge populations.Main conclusionsThe distribution of fauna at their range margin in semi‐arid regions reflects extreme climate events, such as drought. Within suitable climate conditions, habitat quality is important in determining site occupancy. The identification and protection of habitat refugia, where local microclimates and habitat characteristics can mitigate the impacts of extreme events on fauna species at the contracting edge of the range, may allow species to persist for longer under changing climate conditions.
Dispersal, landscape and travelling waves in cyclic vole populations
Authors: Berthier Karine , Piry Sylvain , Cosson Jean‐François , Giraudoux Patrick , Foltête Jean‐Christophe , Defaut Régis , Truchetet Denis , Lambin Xavier 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTravelling waves (TW) are among the most striking ecological phenomena emerging in oscillating populations. Despite much theory, understanding how real‐world TW arise remains a challenge for ecology. Herein, we analyse 16‐year time series of cyclic vole populations collected at 314 localities covering 2500 km² in France. We found evidence for a linear front TW spreading at a speed of 7.4 km year−1 along a north‐west/south‐east direction and radiating away from a major landscape discontinuity as predicted by recent theory. The spatial signature of vole dispersal was assessed using genetic data collected at 14 localities. Both data sets were handled using similar autocorrelation approaches. Our results revealed a remarkable congruence of the spatial extent and direction of anisotropy of both demographic and genetic structures. Our results constitute the first empirical evidence that effective dispersal is limited in the direction of TW while most of the individual exchanges occur along the wave front.
The process and utility of classification and regression tree methodology in nursing research
Authors: Kuhn Lisa , Page Karen , Ward John , Worrall‐Carter Linda 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimThis paper presents a discussion of classification and regression tree analysis and its utility in nursing research.BackgroundClassification and regression tree analysis is an exploratory research method used to illustrate associations between variables not suited to traditional regression analysis. Complex interactions are demonstrated between covariates and variables of interest in inverted tree diagrams.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesEnglish language literature was sourced from eBooks, Medline Complete and CINAHL Plus databases, Google and Google Scholar, hard copy research texts and retrieved reference lists for terms including classification and regression tree* and derivatives and recursive partitioning from 1984–2013.DiscussionClassification and regression tree analysis is an important method used to identify previously unknown patterns amongst data. Whilst there are several reasons to embrace this method as a means of exploratory quantitative research, issues regarding quality of data as well as the usefulness and validity of the findings should be considered.Implications for Nursing ResearchClassification and regression tree analysis is a valuable tool to guide nurses to reduce gaps in the application of evidence to practice. With the ever‐expanding availability of data, it is important that nurses understand the utility and limitations of the research method.ConclusionClassification and regression tree analysis is an easily interpreted method for modelling interactions between health‐related variables that would otherwise remain obscured. Knowledge is presented graphically, providing insightful understanding of complex and hierarchical relationships in an accessible and useful way to nursing and other health professions.
Systematic review of the psychometric properties and theoretical grounding of instruments evaluating self‐care in people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Caro‐Bautista Jorge , Martín‐Santos Francisco Javier , Morales‐Asencio Jose Miguel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimTo determine the psychometric properties and theoretical grounding of instruments that evaluate self‐care behaviour or barriers in people with type 2 diabetes.BackgroundThere are many instruments designed to evaluate self‐care behaviour or barriers in this population, but knowledge about their psychometric validation processes is lacking.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesWe conducted a search for psychometric or validation studies published between January 1990–December 2012. We carried out searches in Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuolid, BibliPRO and Google SCHOLAR to identify instruments that evaluated self‐care behaviours or barriers to diabetes self‐care.Review methodsWe conducted a systematic review with the following inclusion criteria: Psychometric or clinimetric validation studies that included patients with type 2 diabetes (exclusively or partially) and which analysed self‐care behaviour or barriers to self‐care and proxies like self‐efficacy or empowerment, from a multidimensional approach. Language: Spanish or English. Two authors independently assessed the quality of the studies and extracted data using Terwee's proposed criteria: psychometrics properties, dimensionality, theoretical ground and population used for validation through each included instrument.ResultsSixteen instruments achieved the inclusion criteria for the review. We detected important methodological flaws in many of the selected instruments. Only the Self‐management Profile for Type 2 Diabetes and Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale met half of Terwee's quality criteria.ConclusionThere are no instruments for identifying self‐care behaviours or barriers elaborated with a strong validation process. Further research should be carried out to provide patients, clinicians and researchers with valid and reliable instruments that are methodologically solid and theoretically grounded.
Enhanced expression of the central survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
Authors: Cucchiarini Magali , Madry Henning , Terwilliger Ernest F. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe identification of new components implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) might improve our understanding of the disease process. Here, we investigated the levels of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) expression in OA cartilage considering the fundamental role of the SMN protein in cell survival and its involvement in other stress‐associated pathologies. We report that SMN expression is up‐regulated in human OA compared with normal cartilage, showing a strong correlation with the disease severity, a result confirmed in vivo in an experimental model of the disease. We further show that the prominent inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, TNF‐α) are critical inducers of SMN expression. This is in marked contrast with the reported impaired levels of SMN in spinal muscular atrophy, a single inherited neuromuscular disorder characterized by mutations in the smn gene whereas OA is a complex disease with multiple aetiologies. While the precise functions of SMN during OA remain to be elucidated, the conclusions of this study shed light on a novel pathophysiological pathway involved in the progression of OA, potentially offering new targets for therapy.
Adapting lung cancer symptom investigation and referral guidelines for general practitioners in Australia: Reflections on the utility of the ADAPTE framework
Authors: Chakraborty Samantha P. , Jones Kay M. , Mazza Danielle 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRationaleThe ADAPTE framework was established to enhance efficiency in guideline development and to facilitate adaptation of high‐quality clinical practice guidelines for a local context. It offers guideline developers a systematic methodology for guideline adaptation; however, the feasibility and usability of the process has not been widely evaluated.AimA pragmatic approach was undertaken throughout the evaluation of the ADATPE process throughout the development of a guide for general practitioners in Australia regarding the initial investigation of symptoms of lung cancer. At each step of the framework all members of the project team leading the development process reflected on the steps outlined in the ADAPTE. The reflections were collated into a lesson‐learned log and analysed following completion of the project.ResultsSeveral opportunities for improvement were identified to improve usability and practicability of the ADAPTE framework. These items were both specific, in response to using steps and tools, and general issues concerned with the overall ADAPTE framework. Key challenges to using ADAPTE, highlighted in this study, were the lack of clarity about efficiency of the guideline adaptation process, level of assumed knowledge and expertise, and requirement of resources. In response to these challenges, modifications to the ADAPTE have been recommended.ConclusionThe ADAPTE framework offers an attractive alternative to de novo guideline synthesis in circumstances where high‐quality, compatible guidelines already exist. Pending further evaluation, the modifications identified in this study may be applied to future versions of ADAPTE to improve usability and feasibility of the framework.
Weight maintenance over 12 months after weight loss resulting from participation in a 12‐week randomised controlled trial comparing all meal provision to self‐directed diet in overweight adults
Authors: Whitham C. , Mellor D. D , Goodwin S. , Reid M. , Atkin S. L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe results of weight maintenance after initial weight loss are reported infrequently, although, when they have been reported, the outcomes are generally poor and weight regain is common.MethodsAfter an initial 12‐week randomised intervention comparing all meal provision against a self‐directed energy restriction, participants re‐consented to participate in a follow‐on study. Participants were given the option to choose to continue with the same dietary intervention (either all meal provision (provided free of charge) or self‐directed diet) or change to the other diet for a further 12 weeks. Participants were followed up at 4‐weekly intervals during both intervention periods (a total of 24 weeks), with a final follow up at 12 months.ResultsEighty‐five out of 86 individuals who completed the original 12‐week randomised phase chose to continue on to the follow‐up study. No significant differences in further weight loss between groups (P = 0.138) [mean (SEM): −3.4% (1.1%) for all meal provision only; −3.4% (0.6%) self‐directed then all meal provision; −1.1% (1.2%) all meal provision then self‐directed] were seen after a further 12 weeks. Meal provision for a total of 24 weeks resulted in 67% of individuals losing at least 10% body weight. The groups switching from self‐directed dieting to meal provision (or vice versa) were the only groups to have a lower mean weight at 12 months than at the start of the follow‐on study.ConclusionsStructured support for 24 weeks followed by 28 weeks of self‐care can result in weight maintenance, with initial weight loss maintained at 12 months from enrolling on a 12‐week weight loss intervention, with a 12‐week follow‐on period.
Impaired hepatic and intestinal ATP-binding cassette transporter G5/8 was associated with high exposure of β-sitosterol and the potential risks to blood–brain barrier integrity in diabetic rats
Authors: Li Jia , Wang Xinting , Liu Haiyan , Guo Haifang , Zhang Mian , Mei Dan , Liu Can , He Lei , Liu Li , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Objectives
Plant sterols are thought to treat hypercholesterolemia via inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of impaired ATP-binding cassette transporter G5/8 (ABCG5/8) expression by diabetes to the increased β-sitosterol (BS) exposure and impact of increased BS on integrity of blood–brain barrier (BBB).

Methods
Basal BS level in tissues of streptozotocin-inducted rats and ABCG5/8 protein levels in liver and intestine were investigated; pharmacokinetics of BS was studied following oral dose; and primarily cultured rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (rBMECs) were used to study BS transportation across BBB and effect of BS on BBB integrity.

Key findings
Diabetic rats showed greatly upgraded basal levels of BS in plasma, intestine, cerebral and hippocampus, accompanied by impairment of ABCG5/8 protein expression in liver and intestine. Pharmacokinetics studies demonstrated higher AUC0–48 and Cmax, and lower faecal recoveries of BS after oral administration, indicating enhancement of absorption or efflux impairment. In-vitro data showed increased ratio of BS/cholesterol in high levels BS-treated rBMECs was associated with increased BBB permeability of some biomarkers including BS itself.

Conclusions
Impaired ABCG5/8 protein expression by diabetes led to increase in BS exposure, which may be harmful to BBB function.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in cats
Authors: McDonnel S. J. , Tell L. A. , Murphy B. G. 
Published: November 2013

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), or vorinostat, is a histone deacetylase inhibitor approved for use as chemotherapy for lymphoma in humans. The goal of this study was to establish pharmacological parameters of SAHA in cats. Our interest in treating cats with SAHA is twofold: as an anticancer chemotherapeutic and as antilatency therapy for feline retroviral infections. Relying solely on data from studies in other animals would be inappropriate as SAHA is partially metabolized by glucuronidation, which is absent in feline metabolism. SAHA was administered to cats intravenously (2 mg/kg) or orally (250 mg/m2, ~17 mg/kg) in a cross‐over study design. Clinically, SAHA was well tolerated at these dosages as no abnormalities were noted following administration. The pharmacokinetics of SAHA in cats was found to be similar to that of dogs, but the overall serum drug exposure was much less than that of humans at an equivalent dose. The pharmacodynamic effect of an increase in acetylated histone proteins in blood was detected after both routes of administration. An increased oral dose of 60 mg SAHA/kg administered to one animal resulted in a surprisingly modest increase in peak drug concentration, suggesting possible saturation of absorption kinetics. This study provides a foundation for future studies of the clinical efficacy of SAHA in treating feline disease.
Regulation of natural competence by the orphan two‐component system sensor kinase ChiS involves a non‐canonical transmembrane regulator in Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Yamamoto Shouji , Mitobe Jiro , Ishikawa Takahiko , Wai Sun Nyunt , Ohnishi Makoto , Watanabe Haruo , Izumiya Hidemasa 
Published: November 2013

SummaryIn Vibrio cholerae, 41 chitin‐inducible genes, including the genes involved in natural competence for DNA uptake, are governed by the orphan two‐component system (TCS) sensor kinase ChiS. However, the mechanism by which ChiS controls the expression of these genes is currently unknown. Here, we report the involvement of a novel transcription factor termed ‘TfoS’ in this process. TfoS is a transmembrane protein that contains a large periplasmic domain and a cytoplasmic AraC‐type DNA‐binding domain, but lacks TCS signature domains. Inactivation of tfoS abolished natural competence as well as transcription of the tfoR gene encoding a chitin‐induced small RNA essential for competence gene expression. A TfoS fragment containing the DNA‐binding domain specifically bound to and activated transcription from the tfoR promoter. Intracellular TfoS levels were unaffected by disruption of chiS and coexpression of TfoS and ChiS in Escherichia coli recovered transcription of the chromosomally integrated tfoR::lacZ gene, suggesting that TfoS is post‐translationally modulated by ChiS during transcriptional activation; however, this regulation persisted when the canonical phosphorelay residues of ChiS were mutated. The results presented here suggest that ChiS operates a chitin‐induced non‐canonical signal transduction cascade through TfoS, leading to transcriptional activation of tfoR.