bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial–temporal patterns of fish trophic guilds in a freshwater river wetland ecosystem of northeastern China
Authors: Sun Xu , Wang Kai , Zhang Ge , Ren Han , Yu Hongxian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMuling River, situated amidst cultivated lands in Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China, has long been subjected to sand‐digging activities, resulting in severe damage to its riverbed. However, little research has been conducted on the impact of this disturbance on the status of fish community structure and trophic guilds in this river. In this study, environmental factors, fish community structure, and fish trophic guild biomass distribution patterns from the Muling River basin were investigated among seasons (spring, summer, and autumn) and sections (upper, middle, and lower stream) in 2015 and 2017. During the six sampling times periods, 46 species of five orders and 12 families of fish were classified into seven trophic guilds. Fish species number and biomass were higher upper reaches of the watershed. The insectivores (16.26%), phytoplanktivores (10.09%), benthivores (40.17%), and omnivores (11.86%) were the dominant trophic guilds. We found that fish trophic guilds biomass and environmental factors such as transparency, water depth, pH value, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand were highest in the upper section compared to other sections. Variation partitioning revealed that fish trophic guilds biomass was influenced more by environmental factors (61.2%), followed by section (0.7%) and season (0.1%). Partial RDA ordination showed that fish trophic guilds were positively correlated with water depth and transparency, while negative with turbidity. This study underscores the importance of considering trophic guilds of freshwater fishes to inform management strategies in regions experiencing significant environmental change.
Comparative life‐history responses of lacewings to changes in temperature
Authors: Serediuk Hanna , Jackson John , Evers Sanne Maria , Paniw Maria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInsects play a crucial role in all ecosystems, and are increasingly exposed to higher in temperature extremes under climate change, which can have substantial effects on their abundances. However, the effects of temperature on changes in abundances or population fitness are filtered through differential responses of life‐history components, such as survival, reproduction, and development, to their environment. Such differential responses, or trade‐offs, have been widely studied in birds and mammals, but comparative studies on insects are largely lacking, limiting our understanding of key mechanisms that may buffer or exacerbate climate‐change effects across insect species. Here, we performed a systematic literature review of the ecological studies of lacewings (Neuroptera), predatory insects that play a crucial role in ecosystem pest regulation, to investigate the impact of temperature on life cycle dynamics across species. We found quantitative information, linking stage‐specific survival, development, and reproduction to temperature variation, for 62 species from 39 locations. We then performed a metanalysis calculating sensitives to temperature across life‐history processes for all publications. We found that developmental times consistently decreased with temperature for all species. Survival and reproduction however showed a weaker response to temperature, and temperature sensitivities varied substantially among species. After controlling for the effect of temperature on life‐history processes, the latter covaried consistently across two main axes of variation related to instar and pupae development, suggesting the presence of life‐history trade‐offs. Our work provides new information that can help generalize life‐history responses of insects to temperature, which can then expand comparative demographic and climate‐change research. We also discuss important remaining knowledge gaps, such as a better assessment of adult survival and diapause.
Influence of tree size on the scaling relationships of lamina and petiole traits: A case study using Camptotheca acuminata Decne
Authors: Chen Long , He Ke , Shi Peijian , Lian Meng , Yao Weihao , Niklas Karl J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere is a lack of research on whether tree size affects lamina and petiole biomass allocation patterns, whereas the trade‐off between leaf biomass allocated to the lamina and the petiole is of significance when considering the hydraulic and mechanical function of the leaf as a whole. Here, Camptotheca acuminata Decne was selected for study because of the availability of trees differing in size growing under the same conditions. A total of 600 leaves for two tree size groups and 300 leaves per group differing in height and trunk diameter were collected. The lamina fresh mass (LFM), lamina dry mass (LDM), lamina area (LA), petiole fresh mass (PFM), and petiole length (PL) of each leaf was measured, and reduced major axis regression protocols were used to determine the scaling relationships among the five functional traits. The bootstrap percentile method was used to determine if the scaling exponents of the traits differed significantly between the two tree size groups. The results indicated that (i) there was a significant difference in the LFM, LDM, PFM, PL, LMA, LFMA and PFM/LFM between large and small trees, but no significant difference in LA; (ii) the LA versus LFM, LA versus LDM, LFM versus PFM, LA versus PFM, and PL versus PFM scaling relationships of the two groups were allometric (i.e., not isometric); (iii) there were significant differences in the scaling exponents of LA versus LFM, LA versus PFM, PL versus PFM between the two groups, but there was no significant difference in the LFM versus PFM scaling relationship between the two groups of trees. The data were also consistent with the phenomenon known as “diminishing returns”. These data indicate that tree size influences leaf biomass allocation patterns in ways that can potentially influence overall plant growth, and therefore have an important bearing on life‐history strategies.
Reverse aging to treat lupus
Authors: Pan Wenliang , Tsokos George C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with multifaceted pathogenetic processes, including abnormalities of T‐cell subset distribution and function. Accumulation of senescent CD4+ T cells has been found to contribute to the development of the disease. In this issue, Jiang et al. provide compelling evidence that links an expanded pool of CD4+CD57+ senescent T cells in patients with SLE to disease activity favored by interleukin‐15. Importantly, treatment of lupus‐prone mice with a senolytic drug resulted in decreased autoimmune pathology. The findings of this study suggest possible novel therapeutics to treat patients with SLE.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Helicenes from Centrally Chiral Precursors
Authors: Yang Hui , Feng Hong‐Xia , Zhou Ling 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChiral helicenes are widely used in fields related to organic materials and molecular machines relevant molecules, as well as serving as privileged frameworks for chiral ligands and catalysts. Therefore, the research into asymmetric routes for the synthesis of chiral helical compounds has garnered significant interest in recent years. In this regard, chirality conversion/transfer from chiral precursors has emerged as a powerful strategy for the construction of chiral helicenes, allowing the synthesis of various types of chiral helical compounds. This strategy has become and will remain a prominent research topic in the field of asymmetric synthesis. In this review article, described between 2012 and 2024, the approaches for the synthesis of chiral helicenes by chirality conversion or transfer from centrally chiral precursors are summarized.
Rosemary‐Mediated Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and their Integration into Hydrogel Matrices: Evaluating Effects on Wheat Growth and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Uysal Yağmur , Görkem Doğaroğlu Zeynep , Çaylali Zehranur , Karakulak Delil Sefkan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) generated using rosemary extract, synthesized using environmentally friendly processes and integrated into a cross‐linked polymer matrix, on growth performance of wheat is evaluated. Rosemary extract used as coating, stabilizing, and reducing agents in this green synthesis method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses demonstrated the presence of phytochemical constituents of the plant extract that served as capping agents during the synthesis process. The nanoparticles are sprayed to the plant leaves. The effects of nanoparticles within the hydrogel on plant development are compared with the effects of nanoparticles in suspension. The percentage of seed germination is unaffected by either rosemary‐ or raw‐ZnO‐NPs; however, the root and shoot elongation are considerably impacted by the nanoparticle treatments. The threshold concentrations are determined as 3000 mg L−1 for rosemary‐ZnO‐NPs and 2000 mg L−1 for raw‐ZnO‐NPs. Additionally, antibacterial test results showed that the activity level on Escherichia coli is higher for rosemary‐ZnO‐NPs compared to raw‐ZnO‐NPs. The results of this research may provide guidance on how green synthesis methods and the use of nanoparticle‐hydrogel composites in plant breeding can be used in future agricultural applications. This can be considered an important step in terms of agricultural innovations and sustainability.
“Will you need this health at all? Will you be alive?”: using the bioecological model of mass trauma to understand HIV care experiences during the war in Ukraine
Authors: Owczarzak Jill , Monton Olivia , Fuller Shannon , Burlaka Julia , Kiriazova Tetiana , Morozova Olga , Dumchev Kostyantyn 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionRussia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has severely impacted the healthcare system, including the provision of HIV care. The ongoing war is a human‐caused mass trauma, a severe ecological and psychosocial disruption that greatly exceeds the coping capacity of the community. The bioecological model of mass trauma builds on Bronfenbrenner's concept of interaction between nested systems to argue that social context determines the impact of life events on the individual and how an individual responds. This paper uses the bioecological model of mass trauma to explore the impact of Russia's aggression against Ukraine and the ongoing war on HIV‐positive people who use drugs in Ukraine, a particularly vulnerable population that may be negatively affected by disruptions to social networks, healthcare infrastructure and economic conditions caused by mass trauma.MethodsData were collected between September and November 2022. A convenience sample of 18 HIV‐positive people who use drugs were recruited from community organizations that work with people living with HIV, drug treatment programmes, and HIV clinics through direct recruitment and participant referral. A total of nine men and nine women were recruited; the age ranged from 33 to 62 years old (mean = 46.44). Participants completed a single interview that explored how the war had affected their daily lives and access to HIV care and other medical services; their relationships with healthcare providers and social workers; and medication access, supply and adherence. Data were analysed using the Framework Method for thematic analysis.ResultsThe war had a profound impact on the social, emotional and financial support networks of participants. Changes in social networks, coupled with limited job opportunities and rising prices, intensified financial difficulties for participants. Relocating to different regions of Ukraine, staying at somebody else's home, and losing connections with social workers impacted medication adherence and created lengthy treatment gaps. Participants also experienced a decreased supply of antiretroviral therapy, concerns about accessing medication for opioid use disorder, and overwhelming fears associated with the war, which overshadowed their HIV‐related health concerns and negatively impacted medication adherence.ConclusionsOur analysis reveals the complex impact of war on social networks and healthcare access. Maintaining support networks and competent healthcare providers will be essential amid the ongoing war.
Double side fiber laser welding: A novel welding technique to join thick plates
Authors: Subramaniyan M. K. , Pathinettampadian G. , Castro P. , Thanigainathan S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStainless steel grade 304, is one of the most utilized grades of stainless steel and it is chosen for its corrosion resistance. The ideal option is 304, since its lower carbon content lowers intergranular corrosion, especially if corrosion resistance is a top goal for a project. This research work investigates the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of a novel double side fiber laser welded stainless steel 304 plates. Double side fiber laser welding technique is used to fabricate a butt joint with plates of thickness 5 mm. With a laser frequency of 25 Hz, speed of 6 mm ⋅ s−1, and a heat input of 1.4 kW in terms of power is applied to the joint, resulting in a maximum depth of penetration of 2.7 mm. The same parameter is applied on both sides of the plate. The dendritic structures are observed through micrographs of weld and pure metal captured using an optical microscope. Experiments such as tensile, bend, microhardness and impact test have been conducted to ensure the quality of weldment. The weldment consists of austenite and δ‐ferrite. X‐ray diffraction reveal presence of both austenite and ferrite in the weldment. Ductile mode of fracture occurred during failure of tensile samples.
Impact toughness and wear resistance of different equivalent ratios of 316 L and 2Cr13 by laser melting deposition on Q235 steel
Authors: Zhao Y. , Huang C. , Chen X. , Liu H. , Huang M. , Yuan Y. , Zhong J. , Zhang Y. , Xiong J. , Yang D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper systematically studies cladding materials prepared by mixing 316 L and 2Cr13 alloy powders in different ratios. The powder was melted and deposited on a Q235B carbon steel substrate using laser melting deposition with a high Ni transition layer and appropriate laser process parameters. Bimetallic plates with a thickness of 10 mm ±0.5 mm was prepared. The microstructure of different parts of the bimetallic plates and the impact toughness and hardness were observed and tested under different alloy ratios. The results indicate that the Nickel‐Chromium equivalence ratio increased, the hardness and wear resistance of the bimetallic plates increased, and the degree of eutectic segregation in the eutectic structure also increased. When the ratio of 2Cr13 reached 60 %, the impact toughness increased significantly, and the needle‐like second phase appeared in the structure. X‐ray diffractometer analysis determined that this second phase was (Fe, Cr)7C3. After Charpy impact testing, the fracture microstructure showed many dimples, indicating micropore aggregation fracture. This study guides preparing large‐thickness cladding layers on iron and steel parts using laser melting deposition.
Divisionalization in vertical structures
Authors: Bru Lluís , Fauli‐Oller Ramon , Ordóñez‐de‐Haro José‐Manuel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe evaluate the incentives to create within‐industry independent divisions once the vertical structure of the industry is considered. Divisionalization allows a firm to gain market share in the final market, but it also leads to an increase in total payments to the input supplier. The less competitive the upstream market, the more important the second effect will be, and this reduces the profitability of divisionalization. As a consequence, a less competitive upstream segment leads to a lower total number of divisions in equilibrium and a less competitive final market, harming end consumers who will face higher prices.
Polymer nanotherapeutics: A promising approach toward microglial inhibition in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Keshavarz Shahbaz Sanaz , Koushki Khadije , Keshavarz Hedayati Samaneh , McCloskey Alice P. , Kesharwani Prashant , Naderi Yazdan , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) that target multiple transport mechanisms facilitate targeted delivery of active therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS) and improve therapeutic transport and efficacy across the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). CNS nanotherapeutics mostly target neurons and endothelial cells, however, microglial immune cells are the first line of defense against neuronal damage and brain infections. Through triggering release of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and proteases, microglia can however precipitate neurological damage—a significant factor in neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, microglial inhibitory agents are attracting much attention among those researching and developing novel treatments for neurodegenerative disorders. The most established inhibitors of microglia investigated to date are resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, and minocycline. Thus, there is great interest in developing novel agents that can bypass or easily cross the BBB. One such approach is the use of modified‐nanocarriers as, or for, delivery of, therapeutic agents to the brain and wider CNS. For microglial inhibition, polymeric NPs are the preferred vehicles for choice. Here, we summarize the immunologic and neuroinflammatory role of microglia, established microglia inhibitor agents, challenges of CNS drug delivery, and the nanotherapeutics explored for microglia inhibition to date. We also discuss applications of the currently considered “most useful” polymeric NPs for microglial‐inhibitor drug delivery in CNS‐related diseases.
Developing a transdiagnostic Ecological Momentary Assessment protocol for psychopathology
Authors: Jover Martínez Alberto , Lemmens Lotte H. J. M. , Fried Eiko I. , Roefs Anne 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe network approach to psychopathology posits that mental disorders emerge from dynamic interactions among psychopathology‐relevant variables. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) is frequently used to assess these variables in daily life. Considering the transdiagnostic nature of the network approach to psychopathology, this study describes the development of a transdiagnostic EMA protocol for psychopathology.MethodsFirst, 96 clinicians completed an online survey, providing three EMA constructs for up to three disorders they specialize in, and three EMA constructs relevant across disorders (transdiagnostic constructs). Second, 12 focus groups were conducted with clinical experts for specific types of diagnoses (e.g., mood disorders, anxiety disorders). Finally, a selection of items was reached by consensus. Two raters independently coded the online survey responses with an inter‐rater agreement of 87.3%.ResultsJaccard indices showed up to 52.6% overlap in EMA items across types of diagnoses. The most frequently reported transdiagnostic constructs were mood, sleep quality, and stress. A final set of EMA items is created based on items' frequency and informativeness, ensuring completeness across diagnoses and minimizing burden.ConclusionsThe described procedure resulted in a feasible EMA protocol to examine psychopathology transdiagnostically. Feasibility was helped by the overlap in mentioned symptoms across disorders. Such overlap raises questions about the validity of DSM categories.
Stable numerics for finite‐strain elasticity
Authors: Shakeri Rezgar , Ghaffari Leila , Thompson Jeremy L. , Brown Jed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA backward stable numerical calculation of a function with condition number will have a relative accuracy of . Standard formulations and software implementations of finite‐strain elastic materials models make use of the deformation gradient and Cauchy‐Green tensors. These formulations are not numerically stable, leading to loss of several digits of accuracy when used in the small strain regime, and often precluding the use of single precision floating point arithmetic. We trace the source of this instability to specific points of numerical cancellation, interpretable as ill‐conditioned steps. We show how to compute various strain measures in a stable way and how to transform common constitutive models to their stable representations, formulated in either initial or current configuration. The stable formulations all provide accuracy of order . In many cases, the stable formulations have elegant representations in terms of appropriate strain measures and offer geometric intuition that is lacking in their standard representation. We show that algorithmic differentiation can stably compute stresses so long as the strain energy is expressed stably, and give principles for stable computation that can be applied to inelastic materials.
A novel overflow extrusion‐annealing process for preparing high performance recycled carbon fiber reinforced Nylon 6 composites
Authors: Cheng Huanbo , Tang Mingxi , Guo Lijun , Feng Zihao , Qian Zhengchun , Wang Qingze , Zhai He 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe recycled carbon fiber reinforced polymer (rCFRP) based on fused filament fabrication possesses many problems, such as high porosity and poor interlayer bonding. In view of this, an overflow extrusion‐annealing process is proposed in this paper, in which rCFRP is prepared by using the extrusion flow higher than the theoretical requirement, and then annealed. Experimental outcomes demonstrate that recycled carbon fiber reinforced Nylon 6 (rCF/PA6) composites with a carbon fiber content of 35.5 wt% were successfully prepared by a developed screw extrusion 3D printer. The pore size distribution and micromorphology of rCF/PA6 composites show that the process can eliminate the inter‐bead pores, reduce the total porosity, and effectively promotes the interline and interlayer bonding. Mechanical properties tests reveal that compared with pure PA6, the tensile strength of rCF/PA6 composites prepared by this process is increased by 87.4% (100.41 MPa), and the flexural strength is increased by 71% (150.5 MPa). Therefore, this process has great potential in the preparation of high‐performance rCFRP, and is expected to provide a new perspective for the industrial application of 3D printed rCFRP in the future.Highlights
Utilize recycled carbon fiber (rCF) in screw extrusion 3D printing.
Prepare rCF/PA6 composites with a high rCF content.
Eliminate inter‐bead pores based on overflow extrusion.
Enhance interline and interlayer bonding of composites based on annealing.