bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Monocytes Are Critical for Induction of a Polysaccharide-Specific Antibody Response to an Intact Bacterium
Authors: Chen Quanyi , Snapper Clifford M. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Although inflammatory monocytes (IM) (CD11b+Ly6Chi cells) have been shown to play important roles in cell-mediated host protection against intracellular bacteria, protozoans, and fungi, their potential impact on humoral immune responses to extracellular bacteria are unknown. IM, localized largely to the splenic marginal zone of naive CD11b–diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor bone marrow–chimeric mice were selectively depleted following treatment with DT, including no reduction of CD11b+ peritoneal B cells. Depletion of IM resulted in a marked reduction in the polysaccharide (PS)-specific, T cell–independent IgM, and T cell–dependent IgG responses to intact, heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae with no effect on the associated S. pneumoniae protein–specific IgG response or on the PS- and protein-specific IgG responses to a soluble pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. IM acted largely within the first 48 h following the initiation of the immune response to S. pneumoniae to induce the subsequent production of PS-specific IgM and IgG. Adoptive transfer of highly purified IM from wild-type mice into DT-treated CD11b–DT receptor mice completely restored the defective PS-specific Ig response to S. pneumoniae. IM were phenotypically and functionally distinct from circulating CD11b+CD11clowLy6G/C cells (immature blood dendritic cells), previously described to play a role in Ig responses to S. pneumoniae, in that they were CD11c− as well as Ly6Chi and did not internalize injected S. pneumoniae during the early phase of the response. These data are the first, to our knowledge, to establish a critical role for IM in the induction of an Ig response to an intact extracellular bacterium.
Placenta and Transvaginal Sonography
Authors: Khurana Ashok 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
In recent years, transvaginal evaluation of the placenta has completely changed the way obstetricians need to perceive and assess a low-lying placenta. Additionally, the number of negative ultrasound examinations in morbid placental adherence has reduced. This article presents the evidence on the safety and accuracy of transvaginal placental evaluation and goes on to discuss the manner in which transvaginal findings should alter clinical protocols to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes. It also answers a very pertinent clinical question: How low is low?

How to cite this article
Khurana A. Placenta and Transvaginal Sonography. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(4):391-397.
Sonography of the Pelvic Infection
Authors: Pérez-Medina Tirso , Arenas Jose Bajo 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
We describe sonographic findings of pelvis inflammatory disease. The diagnosis of initial acute PID (acute salpingitis) begins with a challenge for the doctor, due to the little sensibility of the clinic's criteria. The accumulation of pus inside the fallopian tube gives a location for the tubaric abscess or pyosalpinx, whose characteristic signal is the presence of purulent material in considerable quantities and is visible by means of a sonograph inside the tubal light. We refer a series of characteristic sings that advise us.

How to cite this article
Arenas JB, Perez-Medina T. Sonography of the Pelvic Infection. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(4):398-407.
Pentalogy of Cantrell: A Report of One Case at the Yaounde Central Hospital in Cameroon
Authors: Fouedjio Jeanne Hortence , Ymele Florent Fouelifack , Kenfack Bruno , Mehta Mandana , Mbu Robinson Enow 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare multiple congenital malformation syndrome characterized by a combination of five features: A midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect; a defect of the lower sternum; a defect of the diaphragmatic pericardium; deficiency of the anterior diaphragm and congenital cardiac anomalies. These defects can be diagnosed as early as the first trimester of pregnancy. The complexity of these anomalies, in particular the presence of any cardiac defects, determines the management as well as the prognosis. We report a case of pentalogy of Cantrell diagnosed by ultrasound at 32 weeks of gestational age, the fetus died 3 hours after delivery.

How to cite this article
Ymele FF, Fouedjio JH, Kenfack B, Mehta M, Mbu RE. Pentalogy of Cantrell: A Report of One Case at the Yaounde Central Hospital in Cameroon. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(4):412-414.
The Role of Three-dimensional Ultrasound in the Assessment of Congenital Uterine Anomalies
Authors: Tabi Sarah 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
Three-dimensional (3D), two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound and saline infusion sonography (SIS) are beneficial tools in diagnosing congenital uterine anomalies. This article illustrates six various case scenarios based on 3D ultrasound images in order to review the concepts of ultrasound diagnosis of congenital uterine anomalies and apply it to the presented case studies. These cases scenarios educate the reader on arcuate uterus, septate uterus, bicornuate uterus, didelphic uterus, uterus duplex and unicornuate uterus. This article also presents the sequence of embryologic events leading to the congenital uterine anomalies. The role of 3D ultrasound in diagnosis and treatment of congenital uterine anomalies is presented, along with its advantages over 2D ultrasound, SIS, X-ray hysterosalpingography, magnetic resonance imaging, hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. The effects of hysteroscopic metroplasty on fertility are also illustrated and discussed. After this case-based discussion is completed, the readers will be able to make a differential diagnosis of the different types of congenital uterine anomalies.

How to cite this article
Tabi S, Kupesic Plavsic S. The Role of Three-dimensional Ultrasound in the Assessment of Congenital Uterine Anomalies. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(4):415-423.
Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Four‐Component Cascade Reaction: Facile Synthesis of Hexahydroimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines
Authors: Wang Ren‐Lin , Zhu Ping , Lu Yu , Huang Fu‐Ping , Hui Xin‐Ping 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn efficient four‐component cascade reaction for the synthesis of trisubstituted hexahydroimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines starting from readily available aldehydes, ketones and ethane‐1,2‐diamine catalyzed by p‐toluenesulfonic acid is described. Two new cycles and five new bonds are constructed with all reactants being efficiently utilized in this transformation. The mechanism of the reaction was investigated and some crucial reaction intermediates were observed.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition/Ring‐Opening Rearrangement/[4+2] Cycloaddition/Aromatization Cascade: An Unprecedented Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Three Component Coupling of Sulfonyl Azide, Alkyne and N‐Arylidenepyridin‐2‐ amine to Pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐imine
Authors: Namitharan Kayambu , Pitchumani Kasi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA novel synthetic protocol for the one‐pot chemo‐ and stereoselective construction of diversely functionalized pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐imines via copper(I)‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition/ring‐opening rearrangement/[4+2] cycloaddition/aromatization cascade of sulfonyl azides, alkynes and N‐arylidenepyridin‐2‐amines under mild reaction conditions is reported. In addition, the catalytic activity of copper(I)‐modified zeolite, a recyclable, heterogeneous catalyst is also investigated, which gives improved yield compared to its homogeneous equivalents.
Tunable Phosphine‐Mediated Domino Reaction: Selective Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydrofurans and Biaryls
Authors: Xie Peizhong , Li Erqing , Zheng Jie , Li Xin , Huang You , Chen Ruyu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe have developed a novel strategy to control the product distribution between 2,3‐dihydrofurans and biaryls from the same starting materials by tuning the catalytic or stoichiometric process. By controlling the loading of the phosphine PR3, the Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates can be selectively used as a C1 or a C3 synthon, respectively. This investigation has given new insights into tunable domino reactions and will be useful in diversity‐oriented synthesis (DOS).
Introducing Catalytic Lossen Rearrangements: Sustainable Access to Carbamates and Amines
Authors: Kreye Oliver , Wald Sarah , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA new, highly efficient and environmentally benign catalytic variant of the Lossen rearrangement is described. Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as green activation reagent of hydroxamic acids in presence of catalytic amounts of tertiary amine bases {1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD), 1,8‐biazabicyclo 5.4.0 undec‐7‐ene (DBU), 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), and triethylamine} and small quantities of methanol initiate the rearrangement. Methyl carbamates were obtained in good to moderate yields when aliphatic hydroxamic acids were employed in this catalytic Lossen rearrangement; under the same conditions aromatic hydroxamic acids yielded anilines. Notably, the mixture of DMC/methanol was recycled several times without observing decreased yields, thus minimizing the produced waste. Moreover, several other organic carbonates were successfully employed in the introduced catalytic Lossen rearrangement procedure.
Aerobic Dehydrogenative Heck Reactions of Heterocycles with Styrenes: A Negative Effect of Metallic Co‐Oxidants
Authors: Vasseur Alexandre , Harakat Dominique , Muzart Jacques , Le Bras Jean 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe aerobic dehydrogenative Heck reaction (DHR) of heterocycles with styrenes was found to be more efficient in the absence of metallic co‐oxidants. According to a study of the isotope effect, the CH cleavage was the rate‐determining step of the catalytic cycle. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, subsequent MS/MS, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry were used to detect and characterize catalytic intermediates and species formed in the presence of metallic co‐oxidants.
Efficient and Chemoselective Reduction of Pyridines to Tetrahydropyridines and Piperidines via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Tang Weijun , Pettman Alan , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPromoted by iodide anion the rhodium complex dimer, [Cp*RhCl2]2, catalyzes efficiently the transfer hydrogenation of various quaternary pyridinium salts under mild conditions, affording not only piperidines but also 1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridines in a highly chemoselective fashion, depending on the substitution pattern at the pyridinium ring. The reduction is conducted in azeotropic formic acid/triethylamine (HCOOH‐Et3N) mixture at 40 °C, with catalyst loadings as low as 0.005 mol% being feasible.
A novel mutation in CDKN1C in sibs with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and cleft palate, sensorineural hearing loss, and supernumerary flexion creases
Authors: Kantaputra Piranit Nik , Sittiwangkul Rekwan , Sonsuwan Nuntigar , Romanelli Valeria , Tenorio Jair , Lapunzina Pablo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe report on two daughters and a son of a Thai family who were affected with BWS. Their clinical findings consist of cleft palate, omphalocele, anterior ear creases, indented lesions on the posterior rim of the helix, macroglossia, posterior crossbite, and anterior open bite. The younger daughter and son had newly recognized findings of the BWS including sensorineural hearing loss and supernumerary flexion creases of the fingers. A novel mutation in CDKN1C (c.579delT; p.A193AfsX46) was found in all affected individuals and their mother. This mutation is located in the central highly polymorphic hexanucleotide repeat encoding a proline‐alanine series of repeats (PAPA‐domain). This domain is involved in MAP kinase phosphorylation. This is for the first time that sensorineural hearing loss and supernumerary flexion creases of the fingers are associated with mutation in CDKN1C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isotopic tracing of the impact of mobility on infectious disease: The origin of people with treponematosis buried in hull, England, in the late medieval period
Authors: Roberts C.A. , Millard A.R. , Nowell G.M. , Gröcke D.R. , Macpherson C.G. , Pearson D.G. , Evans D.H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTreponematosis has been one of the most studied and debated infectious diseases in paleopathology, particularly from the standpoint of its origin, evolution, and transmission. This study links evidence for treponematosis in skeletons from the 14th–16th century AD cemetery of the Augustinian friary of Hull Magistrates Court, England, with data from stable isotope analysis to test the hypothesis that the people with treponemal disease buried at this site were not locally born and raised. The objective is to explore the potential of using stable isotope data to track the place of origin and extent of mobility of individuals with an infectious disease. Dental enamel samples of 12 skeletons were selected for strontium (87Sr/86Sr ratio) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotope analysis based on the presence (six ‐ diseased) or absence (six ‐ controls) of bone changes associated with treponemal disease. The oxygen isotope ratios of all but three individuals (1047, 1121, 823) overlapped at two standard deviations with the inferred local precipitation range, and only one individual (1216) had a strontium isotope ratio outside the regional range. Two of the four had probable/possible treponemal bone changes. Those with treponemal bone changes were not demonstrably more likely to be migrants than those without such lesions. However, because of extensive documentary evidence for trade with the Baltic Sea area, and for merchants from towns such as Stralsund, Danzig and Elbing being in Hull, it is very plausible that the four migrants came from the Baltic area or even southern Sweden. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nutritional benefits ofcrematogaster mimosaeants andacacia drepanolobiumgum for patas monkeys and vervets in laikipia, Kenya
Authors: Isbell Lynne A. , Rothman Jessica M. , Young Peter J. , Rudolph Kathleen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPatas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) are midsized primates that feed extensively on the gum ofAcacia drepanolobiumand the ants are housed in swollen thorns of this Acacia. Their diet resembles that expected more of smaller bodied primates. Patas monkeys are also more like smaller bodied primates in reproducing at high rates. We sought to better understand the convergence of patas monkeys with smaller bodied primates by comparing their feeding behavior on ants and gum with that of closely related, sympatric vervets (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), and analyzing the nutrient content of the gum ofA. drepanolobiumand ofCrematogaster mimosae, the most common ant species eaten by patas monkeys in Laikipia, Kenya. All occurrences of feeding and moving during focal animal sampling revealed that 1) patas monkeys seekA. drepanolobiumgum but vervets avoid it; 2) both species open swollen thorns most often in the morning when antsare less active; 3) patas monkeys continually feed onswollen thorns and gum while moving quickly throughout the day, whereas vervets reduce their consumption of these items and their travel rate at mid‐day, and; 4) vervets eat young swollen thorns at a higher rate than patas monkeys. Patas monkeys are able to spend little time acquiring substantial amounts of energy, protein, and minerals fromA. drepanolobiumgum andC. mimosaeants each day. These findings, when coupled with evidence of causes of infant and adult female mortality, suggest that reproductive success of female patas monkeys is more immediately affected by illness, disease, interactions between adults and infants, and access to water than by food. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative histomorphology of intrinsic vibrissa musculature among primates: implications for the evolution of sensory ecology and “face touch”
Authors: Muchlinski Magdalena N. , Durham Emily L. , Smith Timothy D. , Burrows Anne M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMacrovibrissae are specialized tactile sensory hairs present in most mammalian orders, used in maxillary mechanoreception or “face touch.” Some mammals have highly organized vibrissae and are able to “whisk” them. Movement of vibrissae is influenced by intrinsic vibrissa musculature, striated muscle bands that attach directly to the vibrissa capsule. It is unclear if primates have organized vibrissae or intrinsic vibrissa musculature and it is uncertain if they can move their vibrissae. The present study used histomorphological techniques to compare vibrissae among 19 primates and seven non‐primate mammalian taxa. Upper lips of these mammals were sectioned and processed for histochemical analysis. While controlling for phylogenetic effects the following hypotheses were tested: 1) mammals with well‐organized vibrissae possess intrinsic vibrissa musculature and 2) intrinsic vibrissa musculature is best developed in nocturnal, arboreal taxa. Our qualitative analyses show that only arboreal, nocturnal prosimians possess intrinsic musculature. Not all taxa that possessed organized vibrissae had intrinsic vibrissa musculature. Phylogenetic comparative analyses revealed a 70% probability that stem mammals, primates, and haplorhines possessed intrinsic vibrissa musculature and well‐organized vibrissae. These two traits most likely coevolved according to a discrete phylogenetic analysis. These results indicate that nocturnal, arboreal primates have the potential to more actively use their vibrissae in spatial recognition and navigation tasks than diurnal, more terrestrial species, but there is a clear phylogenetic signal involved in the evolution of primate vibrissae and “face touch.” Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and catalytic use of platinum in magnetic core/shell nanocomposites
Authors: Darwish M. S. A. , Kunz U. , Peuker U. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPlatinum (Pt) nanoparticles show high activity as catalysts in various chemical reactions. The control of the morphology of Pt nanostructures can provide an opportunity to improve their catalytic properties. The preparation of Pt‐loaded iron‐oxide polyvinylbenzyl chloride nanocomposites was done in several stages: first by the formation of the core consisting of magnetite nanoparticles and second by the polymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride in the presence of the magnetic core particles. The third step is the amination of the chlorine group with ammonia, which leads to an ion exchange resin. Then, the Pt precursor (H2PtCl6) is attached by ion exchange. Finally, the Pt ions are reduced to Pt metal with NaBH4. The obtained material can be dispersed easily and be used as a catalyst which can be separated after the reaction by magnetic fields. Characterization of the resulting metallic nanocomposites is evaluated by atomic absorption spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. The activity of Pt at magnetic core/shell nanocomposites was measured for the reduction reaction of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis and characterization of unsaturated polyester/carborundum composites
Authors: Asaad Jeannette N. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTwo unsaturated polyesters, one based on phthalic anhydride PEP and the other based on isophthalic acid PEI, were synthesized. The chemical structure of the two polyesters was characterized by IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The effect of styrene concentration on the curing of polyesters was also studied. It has been found that the percent of polyester/styrene (70/30 wt %) gave the highest percent of curing. Different concentrations of carborundum (0–70 wt %) were used to prepare polyester composites. A comparative study was done on the properties of the two prepared polyesters PEP and PEI and their composites in term of their thermal, mechanical, electrical, and physical properties. The results indicate that the polyester based on isophthalic acid (PEI) and its composites gave higher compressive strength values and lower water absorption than those based on phthalic anhydride (PEP). The presence of carborundum improved the thermal stability than the cured polyesters and electrical properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis of PS‐g‐POSS hybrid graft copolymer by click coupling via ”graft onto” strategy
Authors: Niu Maoshan , Li Tao , Xu Riwei , Gu Xiaoyu , Yu Dingsheng , Wu Yixian 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPolystyrene (PS)‐incorporated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) organic–inorganic hybrid graft copolymer could be achieved by click coupling reaction between alkyne groups in POSS and azido groups in PS via “graft onto” strategy. Alkyne‐functionalized POSS was synthesized via thiol‐ene facile click reaction and subsequent amidation reaction with very high yield. Azido‐multifunctionalized PS could be synthesized by chloromethylation and subsequent azido reaction. The chemical structures of PS‐(CH2Cl)m, PS‐(CH2N3)m, and PS‐g‐POSS were determined by Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR characterization. PS‐g‐POSS presented a better hydrophobic property with contact angle of 113° than that of PS (85°). And PS‐g‐POSS with ≤5% of grafting degree had lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than that of PS and then it increased up to 112°C with grafting degree. An obvious aggregation of POSS phase with 10–80 nm in size was formed in PS‐g‐POSS matrix. In addition, 5 wt % of PS‐g‐POSS was added to general purpose polystyrene (GPPS) to remarkably improve its tensile strength from 45 to 57 MPa. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Study on the effect of plasma treatment of woven polyester fabrics with respect to nisin adsorption and antibacterial activity
Authors: Kerkeni Ahmed , Behary Nemeshwaree , Dhulster Pascal , Chihib Nour‐Eddine , Perwuelz Anne 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe effect of plasma treatment of polyester (PET) fabric with respect to nisin adsorption and antibacterial activity was studied. Both cleaned untreated PET fabric and plasma‐treated PET fabric were separately dipped in aqueous nisaplin solution with 0.5 and 1% of nisin, for 24 h under stirring, and then dried. With 1% of nisin, high and immediate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was observed, and this activity was maintained even after 24 h. However, with 0.5% of nisin, no immediate bacterial reduction was observed, and only the untreated PET fabric exhibited antibacterial activity after 24 h. Only nisin molecules which can diffuse from the fabric can impart antibacterial activity, as demonstrated by the absence of bacterial inhibition zone after complete removal of releasable nisin in water. The desorption capacity of nisin from the fabric into water was monitored by tensiometry, while the presence of residual strongly sorbed nisin on the fabric was confirmed by wettability, zeta potential measurements, and wash durability test after nisin coloration by a protein dye. Plasma treatment, which increases the hydrophilic behavior of the PET fabric (WCA reduced from 80° to 42°), increases considerably the quantities of strongly and weakly sorbed nisin. However, it does not improve antibacterial activity compared to the PET fabric without plasma treatment. The reduced mobility of the nisin molecules due to chemisorption of the first layers of nisin on the plasma treated PET fabric can explain the reduced antibacterial activity with 0.5% nisin. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013