bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal and dynamical perturbations in the winter polar mesosphere‐lower thermosphere region associated with sudden stratospheric warmings under conditions of low solar activity
Authors: Lukianova Renata , Kozlovsky Alexander , Shalimov Sergey , Ulich Thomas , Lester Mark 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe upper mesospheric neutral winds and temperatures have been derived from continuous meteor radar (MR) measurements over Sodankyla, Finland, in 2008–2014. Under conditions of low solar activity pronounced sudden mesospheric coolings linked to the major stratospheric warming (SSW) in 2009 and a medium SSW in 2010 are observed while there is no observed thermal signature of the major SSW in 2013 occurred during the solar maximum. Mesosphere‐ionosphere anomalies observed simultaneously by the MR, the Aura satellite, and the rapid‐run ionosonde during a period of major SSW include the following features. The mesospheric temperature minimum occurs 1 day ahead of the stratospheric maximum, and the mesospheric cooling is almost of the same value as the stratospheric warming (~50 K), the former decay faster than the latter. In the course of SSW, a strong mesospheric wind shear of ~70 m/s/km occurs. The wind turns clockwise (anticlockwise) from north‐eastward (south‐eastward) to south‐westward (north‐westward) above (below) 90 km. As the mesospheric temperature reaches its minimum, the gravity waves (GW) in the ionosphere with periods of 10–60 min decay abruptly while the GWs with longer periods are not affected. The effect is explained by selective filtering and/or increased turbulence near the mesopause.
Intraseasonal SST variations in the South China Sea during boreal winter and impacts of the East Asian winter monsoon
Authors: Wu Renguang , Chen Zhang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPresent study documents the intraseasonal variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the South China Sea (SCS) during boreal winter and its association with the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) variability. In northern Tropics, the largest intraseasonal variability of SST during boreal winter is found in the SCS, with two localized regions of large standard deviation, one extending westward from the Luzon Strait and the other extending southward from the coast of central Vietnam. Correspondingly, large intraseasonal variability in surface heat fluxes is observed in the above regions. Analysis shows that the formation of large intraseasonal SST anomalies in these regions is attributed largely to wind‐related surface latent heat flux changes, with supplementary contribution from cloud‐related surface shortwave radiation changes. Wind‐induced Ekman advection has a negative effect, and the Ekman upwelling pattern differs from the intraseasonal SST anomaly pattern. The intraseasonal variations of SST in the SCS display a close association with the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) change with a time lag of 3–5 days. In a weak (strong) phase of the EAWM, decrease (increase) in surface wind speed and suppression (enhancement) in surface latent heat flux lead to intraseasonal SST warming (cooling). This intraseasonal SST signal displays a southward propagation with the SST change in northern SCS leading that in southern SCS by about 2 days. A similar southward propagation is seen in surface wind speed and latent heat flux anomalies. The southward propagation of cloud and shortwave radiation anomalies is limited to northern part of the SCS.
Highly efficient full‐wave electromagnetic analysis of 3‐D arbitrarily shaped waveguide microwave devices using an integral equation technique
Authors: Vidal A. , San‐Blas A. A. , Quesada‐Pereira F. D. , Pérez‐Soler J. , Gil J. , Vicente C. , Gimeno B. , Boria V. E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA novel technique for the full‐wave analysis of 3‐D complex waveguide devices is presented. This new formulation, based on the Boundary Integral‐Resonant Mode Expansion (BI‐RME) method, allows the rigorous full‐wave electromagnetic characterization of 3‐D arbitrarily shaped metallic structures making use of extremely low CPU resources (both time and memory). The unknown electric current density on the surface of the metallic elements is represented by means of Rao‐Wilton‐Glisson basis functions, and an algebraic procedure based on a singular value decomposition is applied to transform such functions into the classical solenoidal and nonsolenoidal basis functions needed by the original BI‐RME technique. The developed tool also provides an accurate computation of the electromagnetic fields at an arbitrary observation point of the considered device, so it can be used for predicting high‐power breakdown phenomena. In order to validate the accuracy and efficiency of this novel approach, several new designs of band‐pass waveguides filters are presented. The obtained results (S‐parameters and electromagnetic fields) are successfully compared both to experimental data and to numerical simulations provided by a commercial software based on the finite element technique. The results obtained show that the new technique is specially suitable for the efficient full‐wave analysis of complex waveguide devices considering an integrated coaxial excitation, where the coaxial probes may be in contact with the metallic insets of the component.
Belief in Pseudoscience, Cognitive Style and Science Literacy
Authors: Majima Yoshimasa 
Published: June 2015

SummaryMost studies of superstitious belief have focused on paranormal phenomena, but this study extended existing findings to non‐paranormal pseudoscience by exploring links between belief and dual‐process thought (cognitive ability and intuitive‐analytical thinking styles). In the present study, Japanese participants (N = 264; 188 women, 76 men; mean age = 25.0; range = 18–81) completed questionnaires on cognitive style and ability and level of beliefs and science literacy. Results showed that belief in paranormal and non‐paranormal pseudoscience correlated positively; after controlling for demographic variables, level of science literacy and cognitive ability, both analytic and intuitive cognitive styles positively predicted paranormal belief. Belief in non‐paranormal pseudoscience associated positively with analytic, but not intuitive style. These results follow the dual‐process view of belief perseverance; however, analytic style affected beliefs oppositely from previous studies. This discrepancy might emerge from Western and Eastern cultural differences in reasoning. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep, Pain Catastrophizing, and Central Sensitization in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients With and Without Insomnia
Authors: Campbell Claudia M. , Buenaver Luis F. , Finan Patrick , Bounds Sara C. , Redding Mary , McCauley Lea , Robinson Mercedes , Edwards Robert R. , Smith Michael T. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveOsteoarthritis (OA), a chronic degenerative joint disorder, is characterized by joint pain. Emerging research demonstrates that a significant number of patients evidence central sensitization (CS), a hyperexcitability in nociceptive pathways, which is known to amplify and maintain clinical pain. The clinical correlates of CS in OA, however, are poorly understood. Insomnia is prevalent in older adults with OA, and recent experiments suggest associations between poor sleep and measures of CS. Catastrophizing, a potent predictor of pain outcomes, has also been associated with CS, but few studies have investigated possible interactions between catastrophizing, sleep, and CS.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study of 4 well‐characterized groups of adults with insomnia and/or knee OA. A total of 208 participants completed multimodal sleep assessments (questionnaire, diary, actigraphy, and polysomnography) and extensive evaluation of pain using clinical measures and quantitative sensory testing to evaluate associations between CS, catastrophizing, and insomnia. Descriptive characterization of each measure is presented, with specific focus on sleep efficiency and CS.ResultsThe knee OA–insomnia group demonstrated the greatest degree of CS compared to controls. In the overall sample, we found that catastrophizing moderated the relationship between sleep efficiency and CS. Specifically those with low sleep efficiency and high catastrophizing scores reported increased levels of CS. In addition, CS was significantly associated with increased clinical pain.ConclusionThese findings highlight the importance of assessing sleep efficiency, CS, and catastrophizing in chronic pain patients and have important clinical implications for treatment planning.
Nasal endoscopic evaluation and its impact on survival in patients with stage I/II extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type
Authors: Cho Hyun‐Jin , Jang Min‐Seok , Hong Sang Duk , Kim Seok Jin , Ahn Yong Chan , Oh Dongryul , Ko Young Hyeh , Kim Hyo Yeol , Dhong Hun‐Jong , Chung Seung‐Kyu , Kim Won Seog 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundEndoscopic findings of extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL), nasal type, are heterogeneous, but not fully understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of nasal endoscopic examination and its implications for treatment of stage I/II ENKTL.MethodsThis retrospective study included 60 consecutive patients diagnosed with stage I/II ENKTL, nasal type, from 2000 to 2011.ResultsThe endoscopic findings were classified into early (45%) and advanced (55%) lesions. Furthermore, the primary tumor extent assessed by endoscopy was significantly correlated with the radiologic imaging (p < 0.001). The results of univariate analysis showed that the patients with advanced lesions had worse overall survival (p = 0.004) and disease‐free survival (p = 0.001) than those with early lesions. In multivariate analysis, advanced lesions on nasal endoscopy was an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.024; hazard ratio 5.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–22.39).ConclusionWe found that nasal endoscopic findings were important prognostic factors in stage I/II ENKTL, nasal type, suggesting that comprehensive endoscopic evaluation of primary tumor should be performed in this setting.
LMNB1‐related autosomal‐dominant leukodystrophy: Clinical and radiological course
Authors: Finnsson Johannes , Sundblom Jimmy , Dahl Niklas , Melberg Atle , Raininko Raili 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveDuplication of the LMNB1 gene encoding lamin B1 causes adult‐onset autosomal‐dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) starting with autonomic symptoms, which are followed by pyramidal signs and ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain reveals characteristic findings. This is the first longitudinal study on this disease. Our objective is to describe the natural clinical and radiological course of LMNB1‐related ADLD.MethodsTwenty‐three subjects in two families with LMNB1 duplications were studied over two decades with clinical assessment and MRI of the brain and spinal cord. They were 29 to 70 years old at their first MRI. Repeated MRIs were performed in 14 subjects over a time period of up to 17 years.ResultsPathological MRI findings were found in the brain and spinal cord in all examinations (i.e., even preceding clinical symptoms). MRI changes and clinical symptoms progressed in a definite order. Autonomic dysfunction appeared in the fifth to sixth decade, preceding or together with gait and coordination difficulties. Motor signs developed ascending from spastic paraplegia to tetraplegia and pseudobulbar palsy in the seventh decade. There were clinical, radiological, and neurophysiological signs of myelopathy. Survival lasted more than two decades after clinical onset.InterpretationLMNB1‐related ADLD is a slowly progressive neurological disease. MRI abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord can precede clinical symptoms by more than a decade and are extensive in all symptomatic patients. Spinal cord involvement is a likely contributing factor to early autonomic symptoms and spastic paraplegia. Ann Neurol 2015;78:412–425
Defektmanipulierte Metall‐organische Gerüste
Authors: Fang Zhenlan , Bueken Bart , De Vos Dirk E. , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDie gezielte Manipulation Metall‐organischer Gerüste (MOFs) ist ein interessantes Konzept zur Entwicklung maßgeschneiderter Materialeigenschaften, das nicht nur in den Gebieten der Sorption und Katalyse neue Möglichkeiten schafft, sondern auch bei der Kontrolle anspruchsvollerer physikalischer Merkmale wie der Bandlücke sowie magnetischer und elektrischer Eigenschaften. Bisher gab es wenig Bemühungen, die intrinsischen oder absichtlich geschaffenen Defekte verschiedenster Art zu charakterisieren. Basierend auf Veröffentlichungen aus den letzten Jahrzehnten schließt dieser Aufsatz die Lücke, indem er einen prägnanten Überblick über Defekte in MOFs, oder weiter gefasst in Koordinationsnetzwerk‐Verbindungen (CNCs), gibt und deren Klassifikation und Charakterisierung sowie (mögliche) Anwendungen der defekthaltigen CNCs/MOFs einschließt. Außerdem werden wir wichtige Aspekte des Konzepts der “Defektmanipulation” in Anwendung an CNCs hervorheben, auch in Gegenüberstellung mit relevanten Feststoffen wie Zeolithen oder kovalenten organischen Gerüsten (COFs). Zuletzt werden wir das Potenzial der defektmanipulierten CNCs für die Zukunft diskutieren.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrrole‐Based Spiro‐ and Polycyclic Derivatives by Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Dearomatization and Controllable Migration Reactions
Authors: Zhuo Chun‐Xiang , Cheng Qiang , Liu Wen‐Bo , Zhao Qiang , You Shu‐Li 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe first highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective synthesis of five‐membered spiro‐2H‐pyrroles was achieved using an Ir‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic dearomatization reaction. The spiro‐2H‐pyrrole derivatives readily undergo a controllable and stereospecific allylic migration under acid catalysis, providing polycyclic pyrrole derivatives in excellent yields and ee values. Additionally, the novel Ir‐complex K1, derived from [Ir(cod)Cl]2 (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) and N‐benzhydryl‐N‐phenyldinaphthophosphoramidite (BHPphos), showed excellent control of both diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
Fluorreiche Fluoride – neue Erkenntnisse über die Chemie von Polyfluoridanionen
Authors: Vent‐Schmidt Thomas , Brosi Felix , Metzger Jens , Schlöder Tobias , Wang Xuefeng , Andrews Lester , Müller Carsten , Beckers Helmut , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPolyfluoride wurden mittels Matrixisolationsspektroskopie und quantenchemischen Berechnungen auf Coupled‐Cluster‐Niveau untersucht. Erstmalig konnte ein höheres Polyfluoridanion spektroskopisch in Neonmatrices bei 4 K nachgewiesen werden. Das C2v‐symmetrische [F5]− weist eine sehr starke Bande bei 850 cm−1 auf. Darüber hinaus wird eine neue Bande für den Cs+[F3]−‐Komplex in Neon beschrieben.
Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Z‐Scheme Overall Water Splitting Using a MgTa2O6−xNy /TaON Heterostructure Photocatalyst for H2 Evolution
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Qi Yu , Hisatomi Takashi , Ding Qian , Asai Tomohiro , Li Zheng , Ma Su Su Khine , Zhang Fuxiang , Domen Kazunari , Li Can 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn (oxy)nitride‐based heterostructure for powdered Z‐scheme overall water splitting is presented. Compared with the single MgTa2O6−xNy or TaON photocatalyst, a MgTa2O6−xNy /TaON heterostructure fabricated by a simple one‐pot nitridation route was demonstrated to effectively suppress the recombination of carriers by efficient spatial charge separation and decreased defect density. By employing Pt‐loaded MgTa2O6−xNy /TaON as a H2‐evolving photocatalyst, a Z‐scheme overall water splitting system with an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 6.8 % at 420 nm was constructed (PtOx‐WO3 and IO3−/I− pairs were used as an O2‐evolving photocatalyst and a redox mediator, respectively), the activity of which is circa 7 or 360 times of that using Pt‐TaON or Pt‐MgTa2O6−xNy as a H2‐evolving photocatalyst, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest AQE among the powdered Z‐scheme overall water splitting systems ever reported.
Molecular CsF5 and CsF2+
Authors: Rogachev Andrey Yu. , Miao Mao‐sheng , Merino Gabriel , Hoffmann Roald 
Published: June 2015

AbstractD5h star‐like CsF5, formally isoelectronic with known XeF5− ion, is computed to be a local minimum on the potential energy surface of CsF5, surrounded by reasonably large activation energies for its exothermic decomposition to CsF+2 F2, or to CsF3 (three isomeric forms)+F2, or for rearrangement to a significantly more stable isomer, a classical Cs+ complex of F5−. Similarly the CsF2+ ion is computed to be metastable in two isomeric forms. In the more symmetrical structures of these molecules there is definite involvement in bonding of the formally core 5p levels of Cs.
Percolation and catalysis effect of bamboo‐based active carbon on the thermal and flame retardancy properties of ethylene vinyl‐acetate rubber
Authors: Peng Hui , Feng Jie , Zhou You , Li Zhuoshi , Zou Hongfei , Hao Jianwei 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe effect of percolation and catalysis of bamboo‐based active carbon (BAC) on the thermal degradation and flame retardancy of ethylene vinyl‐acetate rubber (EVM) composites with intumescent flame retardants (IFR) consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and dipentaerythritol (DPER) has been investigated. The vulcanization characteristics were analyzed by a moving die rheometer. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and fire behavior tests such as limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL 94), and cone calorimetry were used to evaluate the thermal properties and flame retardancy of EVM composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology of residues of EVM composites. The addition of BAC significantly increased the maximum torque (MH) of EVM composites and EVM matrices. The combination of IFR with BAC can improve the thermal stability of EVM composites. Moreover, BAC can enhance char residue and promote the formation of a network for IFR. The current EVM/37IFR/3BAC composite achieved an LOI of 33.6% and a UL 94 V‐0 rating. The PHRR, total heat release (THR), and total smoke release (TSR) for EVM/IFR/BAC were greatly reduced as compared to EVM/40IFR. Also, the mechanical properties of the EVMIFR/BAC composites increased with increasing BAC contents. The physical percolation effect between BAC and EVM before and after thermal degradation, and the chemical catalysis effect between BAC and IFR during thermal degradation are responsible for the improved flame retardancy of EVM composites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42414.
Preparation of conducting polysiloxane/polyaniline composites
Authors: Depa Katarzyna , Strachota Adam , Stejskal Jaroslav , Bober Patrycja , Cimrová Věra , Prokeš Jan , Trchová Miroslava , Šlouf Miroslav , Hodan Jiří 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPolysiloxane/polyaniline microcomposites were prepared, in which polyaniline particles act as filler, thus combining the mechanical properties of polysiloxane matrix with conductivity of polyaniline. Two syntheses were evaluated: (1) homogeneous dispersion of a polyaniline colloid in the reaction mixture from which the polysiloxane matrix subsequently formed, and (2) the blending of previously prepared dry polyaniline particles with a liquid oligomeric siloxane resin followed by cure (“heterogeneous method”). Both methods lead to composites with evenly distributed filler. Electrical conductivity was achieved above 40 wt % of polyaniline, which is better obtained by the “heterogeneous” method. During the composite cure, the polyaniline particles, which are softer than the matrix, act as a catalyst and cause more efficient matrix crosslinking, thus leading to somewhat raised moduli. Although particulate fillers usually deteriorate the impact toughness, in the case of the prepared composites, the impact toughness was preserved due to the softer consistence of the filler, which hinders crack propagation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42429.
Biocompatible, ionic‐strength‐sensitive, double‐network hydrogel based on chitosan and an oligo(trimethylene carbonate)–poly(ethylene glycol)–oligo(trimethylene carbonate) triblock copolymer
Authors: Cao Zheng , Yang Quanzhu , Fan Changjiang , Liu Lijian , Liao Liqiong 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTA double‐network (DN) hydrogel was prepared through the sequential photopolymerization of oligo(trimethylene carbonate) (TPT)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐oligo(trimethylene carbonate) diarylate and methacrylated chitosan (CS–MA). The swelling behavior and mechanical properties of the hydrogels were tunable via the control of the concentration of CS–MA. Under physiological conditions, the fracture stress of the DN hydrogel reached 3.4 MPa; this was more than twice that of the corresponding TPT‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐TPT single network (1.6 MPa). At high ionic strength, the fracture stress of the DN hydrogel reached 6.4 MPa. The DN hydrogel exhibited good cytocompatibility, as revealed by a live–dead assay. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42459.
Use of ionic liquids based on phosphonium salts for preparing biocomposites by in situ polymerization
Authors: Totaro Grazia , Marchese Paola , Sisti Laura , Celli Annamaria 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTA sodium montmorillonite, Dellite HPS, was modified with ionic liquids based on phosphonium salts, such as octadecyltriphenylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate and octadecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide. Thanks to their high thermal stability, these salts can be used during in situ polymerization, a method that favors the achievement of a good dispersion of the clay. Poly(1,4‐dimethylcyclohexane adipate) (PCHA), was chosen as an example of aliphatic polyester which can be a suitable matrix for new biocomposites with organo‐clays. The organo modified clays prepared were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) while biocomposites were analyzed in terms of molecular structure, thermal and thermomechanical properties. The degree of dispersion of the clays in the polymer matrix was studied by XRD. The results show that the clays are well dispersed in the biocomposites, despite an intercalated structure highlighted by XRD analysis. Moreover, the clays confer a certain improvement in mechanical properties to the final materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42467.
6‐O‐dodecyl‐chitosan carbamate–based pH‐responsive polymeric micelles for gene delivery
Authors: Chen Huiying , Zhao Yinan , Cui Shaohui , Zhi Defu , Zhang Shubiao , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTpH‐responsiveness is highly desirable in the stimuli‐responsive controlled release because of the distinct advantages of the fast response of pH‐triggered release and the available pH‐difference between intra‐ and extra‐cells. The present work reported a kind of novel pH‐responsive polymeric micelles, which was derived from biopolymer of 6‐O‐dodecyl‐chitosan carbamate (DCC) and evaluated as gene‐controlled release vector. The amphiphilic and amino‐rich DDC was synthesized through a protection‐graft‐deprotection method. 13C CP/MAS NMR, FTIR, and elemental analysis identified that dodecyls were chemoselectively grafting at 6‐hydroxyls of chitosan via the pH‐responsive bonds of carbamate, and the substitute degree (SD) was 14%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that DCC self‐assembled into polymeric micelles in aqueous solutions. The DCC polymeric micelles formed complexes with pDNA, which was elucidated by Gel retardation, TEM, and DLS. Transfection and cytotoxicity assays in A549 cells showed that DCC polymeric micelles were suitable for gene delivery. The improved transfection was attributed to the pH‐responsiveness and the moderate pDNA‐binding affinity, which led to easier release of pDNA intra‐cells. The synthesized DCC polymeric micelles might be a promising and safe candidate as nonviral vectors for gene delivery. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42469.