bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study to explore the attitude of clinical staff to the challenges of caring for obese patients
Authors: Lumley Elizabeth , Homer Catherine V. , Palfreyman Simon , Shackley Phil , Tod Angela Mary 
Published: October 2015

Aims and objectivesTo examine, from the perspective of staff, if obese patients have any additional care needs, and what the impact of these care requirements are on care provision. We have selected obese patients with venous leg ulceration as an example patient population to explore these questions.BackgroundAnecdotal evidence indicates obesity can increase care requirements and have implications for obesity for care provision. However, little research exists nationally or internationally that provides evidence from a health care perspective. Obesity is a contributory causative factor of lower limb ulceration. In addition to affecting the development of venous leg ulceration, obesity may also impact on the care an obese patient may require and receive.DesignQualitative study using semi‐structured in interviews and framework analysis.MethodsInterviews were conducted with 18 health care professionals and one focus group with 12 health care professionals who cared for patients with venous ulceration. Data were analysed to identify recurring themes relating to the impact of obesity on care provision.ResultsThis study found that the increasing numbers of obese patients with leg ulcers are currently presenting challenges to care delivery in many different ways. There was an impact of obesity on patient experience in terms of dignity, safety and quality. Data indicated that neither hospital nor community care services were adequately set up to meet the needs of obese patients in general.ConclusionHealth care providers need to recognise that increasing numbers of overweight and obese patients are presenting challenges to care delivery. The study also indicated the need for senior strategic leadership in planning for meeting the needs of obese patients.Relevance to clinical practiceNursing is well placed to provide specialist support to co‐ordinate services for obese/oversize patients if a suitable strategic and leadership role is developed. Nurses are used to offering patients help in areas of health promotion such as smoking cessation. Lessons learnt from this area could be applied to help and encourage staff to support patients with weight management.
Does Democracy Foster the Fertility Transition?
Authors: Basso Alberto 
Published: October 2015

SummaryUsing an unbalanced panel covering the period 1870‐2000, we find that democracy favours fertility declines. This result suggests that democratic and autocratic environments might affect differently the proximate determinants of fertility. In our analysis we show that democracy affects fertility after controlling for education, mortality risk and GDP per capita. This paper adds to the literature that addresses the issue of identifying how democracy might affect development by identifying and assessing the relevance of a specific mechanism: that is, fostering the fertility transition.
An Activity‐Based Simulation Model for Assessing Function Space Assignment for Buildings: A Service Performance Perspective
Authors: Dzeng Ren‐Jye , Wang Wei‐Chih , Hsiao Fan‐Yi , Xie Yan‐Qing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFunction space assignment determines the function of all spaces and is essential to the design of a remodeled building. Optimization of function space assignment that relies upon users' activities is difficult due to the lack of quantifiable and detailed data about users' activities. In this paper, an activity‐based simulation process model consisting of five phases is proposed and applied to an actual project. The phases include activity data collection, activity simulation, space movement pattern mining, function‐space assignment optimization, movement simulation and assessment. The process also allows the building administrator to adjust the optimized assignment to accommodate hard‐to‐quantify preferences via a variety of indexes such as movement distance, corridor flow, and other space usage‐related indexes. Results from application of the proposed model to an actual remodeling project indicated that the model offered the administrator a better assignment than the contracted architect, with a 5.79% increase in the objective function and a 23.92% decrease in movement distance. The adjusted assignment based on service‐related indices, such as noise interference, further improved service by accounting for parameters that were not easily included in the objective function for optimization.
Sequence Analysis of Call Record Data:Exploring the Role of Different Cost Settings
Authors: Hanly Mark , Clarke Paul , Steele Fiona 
Published: October 2015

SummarySequence analysis is widely used in life course research and more recently has been applied by survey methodologists to summarize complex call record data. However, summary variables derived in this way have proved ineffective for post-survey adjustments, owing to weak correlations with key survey variables. We reflect on the underlying optimal matching algorithm and test the sensitivity of the output to input parameters or ‘costs’, which must be specified by the analyst. The results illustrate the complex relationship between these costs and the output variables which summarize the call record data. Regardless of the choice of costs, there was a low correlation between the summary variables and the key survey variables, limiting the scope for bias reduction. The analysis is applied to call records from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, which is a nationally representative, face-to-face household survey.
Identification of a novel HLA‐A*29 allele, HLA‐A*29:01:09, by sequence‐based typing in a Korean individual
Authors: Han S.‐H. , Heo Y.‐A. , Kwon O.‐J. , Kim Y.‐J. , Lee K.‐R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHLA‐A*29:01:09 differs from A*29:01:01:01 by one nucleotide difference at nucleotide position 414.
Development of a Recombinant Xenogeneic Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Protein Vaccine To Protect Mice from Experimental Colitis
Authors: Wan Yang , Li Meng , Zhang Hailong , Zheng Xiuran , Yu Chaoheng , He Gu , Luo Yan , Yang Li , Wei Yuquan 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have highlighted the efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors, including monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors, in the treatment and management of intestinal bowel disease (IBD). However, because of the immunogenicity of xenogeneic TNF-α inhibitors, antidrug antibodies (ADAs) can be triggered after repeated administration. An alternative way to target TNF-α is active immunization to elicit the production of high titers of neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we prepared a xenogeneic TNF-α protein vaccine and studied the protective effects in experimental colitis models. The xenogeneic TNF-α protein vaccine could overcome self-tolerance and induce TNF-α-specific neutralizing antibody. Moreover, the xenogeneic TNF-α protein vaccine could protect mice from acute and chronic colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). One possible explanation for this protective effect is the production of TNF-α-specific neutralizing antibody, which absorbed the biological activity of mouse TNF-α (mTNF-α) and failed to induce T lymphocyte apoptosis. In summary, use of the xenogeneic TNF-α protein vaccine may be a potent therapeutic strategy for IBD.
Preliminary Evaluation of the Research-Use-Only (RUO) iCubate iC-GPC Assay for Identification of Select Gram-Positive Bacteria and Their Resistance Determinants in Blood Culture Broths
Authors: Buchan Blake W. , Reymann Garrett C. , Granato Paul A. , Alkins Brenda R. , Jim Patricia , Young Stephen 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

The iC-GPC assay (iCubate, Huntsville, AL) provides a molecular option for the rapid, on-demand analysis of positive blood cultures. A preliminary evaluation of the iC-GPC assay using 203 clinical or seeded specimens demonstrated a sensitivity of 93.8% to 100% and a specificity of 98.0% to 100% for the identification of five Gram-positive bacterial species (
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Staphylococcus epidermidis
,
Streptococcus pneumoniae
,
Enterococcus faecalis
, and
Enterococcus faecium
) and three associated genetic resistance determinants (
mecA
,
vanA
, and
vanB
) in positive blood culture broths.
PB1-F2 Protein Does Not Impact the Virulence of Triple-Reassortant H3N2 Swine Influenza Virus in Pigs but Alters Pathogenicity and Transmission in Turkeys
Authors: Deventhiran Jagadeeswaran , Kumar Sandeep R. P. , Raghunath Shobana , Leroith Tanya , Elankumaran Subbiah 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
PB1-F2 protein, the 11th influenza A virus (IAV) protein, is considered to play an important role in primary influenza virus infection and postinfluenza secondary bacterial pneumonia in mice. The functional role of PB1-F2 has been reported to be a strain-specific and host-specific phenomenon. Its precise contribution to the pathogenicity and transmission of influenza virus in mammalian host, such as swine, and avian hosts, such as turkeys, remain largely unknown. In this study, we explored the role of PB1-F2 protein of triple-reassortant (TR) H3N2 swine influenza virus (SIV) in pigs and turkeys. Using the eight-plasmid reverse genetics system, we rescued wild-type SIV A/swine/Minnesota/1145/2007 (H3N2) (SIV 1145-WT), a PB1-F2 knockout mutant (SIV 1145-KO), and its N66S variant (SIV 1145-N66S). The ablation of PB1-F2 in SIV 1145 modulated early-stage apoptosis but did not affect the viral replication in swine alveolar macrophage cells. In pigs, PB1-F2 expression did not affect nasal shedding, lung viral load, immunophenotypes, and lung pathology. On the other hand, in turkeys, SIV 1145-KO infected poults, and its in-contacts developed clinical signs earlier than SIV 1145-WT groups and also displayed more extensive histopathological changes in intestine. Further, turkeys infected with SIV 1145-N66S displayed poor infectivity and transmissibility. The more extensive histopathologic changes in intestine and relative transmission advantage observed in turkeys infected with SIV 1145-KO need to be further explored. Taken together, these results emphasize the host-specific roles of PB1-F2 in the pathogenicity and transmission of IAV.

IMPORTANCE
Novel triple-reassortant H3N2 swine influenza virus emerged in 1998 and spread rapidly among the North American swine population. Subsequently, it showed an increased propensity to reassort, generating a range of reassortants. Unlike classical swine influenza virus, TR SIV produces a full-length PB1-F2 protein, which is considered an important virulence marker of IAV pathogenicity. Our study demonstrated that the expression of PB1-F2 does not impact the pathogenicity of TR H3N2 SIV in pigs. On the other hand, deletion of PB1-F2 caused TR H3N2 SIV to induce clinical disease early and resulted in effective transmission among the turkey poults. Our study emphasizes the continuing need to better understand the virulence determinants for IAV in intermediate hosts, such as swine and turkeys, and highlights the host-specific role of PB1-F2 protein.
An assessment of methods used in the investigation of iron status: findings in a population of young British South Asian children
Authors: Hinchliffe Roderick F , Vora Ajay J , Lennard Lynne 
Published: October 2015

AimsTo assess the value of laboratory tests available for the investigation of iron status in a population of young British South Asian children.MethodsBlood count, red cell distribution width (RDW), percentage hypochromic red cells (%hypo), concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, plasma iron measurements and incidence of deletional forms of α-thalassaemia were determined.ResultsHaemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), ferritin and CRP values classified iron status in 151/205 (73.6%) consecutive children aged 4–43 months. Fifty-four could not be classified: 12 were anaemic with findings, other than normal CRP values, indistinguishable from those with anaemia of inflammation and 42 were non-anaemic with reduced MCH values. All 42 had normal ferritin concentration and 8 of 36 successfully tested had deletional α-thalassaemia trait. Despite apparent iron sufficiency the RDW, %hypo and ZPP values of these 42 were not significantly different from the 32 children classified with iron-deficient erythropoiesis. The gene frequency of deletional α-thalassaemia trait in the entire group was 8.6%.ConclusionsAmong 205 British South Asian children aged 4–43 months with high incidences of anaemia, iron deficiency, infection and α-thalassaemia, 151 (73.6%) were classified using haemoglobin, MCH, ferritin and CRP values. In 42 non-anaemic, iron-sufficient children with subnormal MCH values, that is with a phenotype of α-thalassaemia trait, RDW, %hypo and ZPP values did not differ significantly from those with iron-deficient erythropoiesis. Raised RDW, %hypo and ZPP values should be interpreted with caution in non-anaemic young British South Asian children with microcytosis.
Next-Generation Sequencing to Guide Clinical Trials
Authors: Siu Lillian L. , Conley Barbara A. , Boerner Scott , LoRusso Patricia M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Rapidly accruing knowledge of the mutational landscape of malignant neoplasms, the increasing facility of massively parallel genomic sequencing, and the availability of drugs targeting many “driver” molecular abnormalities have spurred the oncologic community to consider how to use these new tools to improve cancer treatment. In order to assure that assignment of patients to a particular targeted treatment is likely to be beneficial to the patient, it will be necessary to conduct appropriate clinical research. It is clear that clinical (histology and stage) eligibility criteria are not sufficient for most clinical trials using agents that target mutations that are present in only a minority of patients. Recently, several clinical trial designs have been suggested to test the benefit of targeted treatment in molecular and/or clinical subgroups of patients. However, challenges remain in the implementation of such trials, including choice of assay, levels of evidence regarding gene variants, tumor heterogeneity, identifying resistance mechanisms, the necessity of screening large numbers of patients, infrastructure needs, and collaboration of investigators and industry. This article reviews current trial designs and discusses some of the considerations, advantages, and drawbacks of designing clinical trials that depend on particular molecular variants as eligibility criteria. Clin Cancer Res; 21(20); 4536–44. ©2015 AACR.
See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Innovations to Speed Drug Development.”
Further insights into the anti-PF4/heparin IgM immune response
Authors: Jouni Rabie , Hackbarth Christine , Hietkamp Bernhard , Selleng Sixten , Koster Andreas , Jensch Inga , Linde Julia van der , Schwertz Hansjörg , Bakchoul Tamam , Hundt Matthias , Krauel Krystin , Schulze Annika , Greinacher Andreas 
Published: October 2015

SummaryAnti-platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin antibodies are not only the cause of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia but might also play a role in the antibacterial host defence. Recently, marginal zone (MZ) B cells were identified to be crucial for anti-PF4/heparin IgG antibody production in mice. Combining human studies and a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis we further characterised the far less investigated anti-PF4/heparin IgM immune response. We detected anti-PF4/heparin IgM antibodies in the sera of paediatric patients < 6 months of age after cardiac surgery and in sera of splenectomised mice subjected to polymicrobial sepsis. In addition, PF4/heparin-specific IgM B cells were not only found in murine spleen, but also in peritoneum and bone marrow upon in vitro stimulation. Together, this indicates involvement of additional B cell populations, as MZ B cells are not fully developed in humans until the second year of life and are restricted to the spleen in mice. Moreover, PF4/heparin-specific B cells were detected in human cord blood upon in vitro stimulation and PF4-/- mice produced anti-PF4/heparin IgM antibodies after polymicrobial sepsis. In conclusion, the anti-PF4/heparin IgM response is a potential innate immune reaction driven by a B cell population distinct from MZ B cells.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
As ruas e as bobagens: anotações sobre o delirium ambulatorium de Hélio Oiticica
Authors: Dos Anjos Moacir 
Published: October 2015

O artigo discute a centralidade da prática de deambular no Programa que Hélio Oiticica desenvolve a partir do início da década de 1960, embora somente ganhe maior evidência no final da década seguinte. Propõe o delirium ambulatorium como expressão mais radical do Parangolé, afirmando-o como proposta de emancipação do corpo não mais assistida por objetos e situações criados ou propostos pelo artista, mas, antes, deflagrada pelo embate direto e imediato com o mundo.
Anatomia de um Móvel Moderno: algumas questões em torno do Mobiliário da Casa Modernista, de Gregori Warchavchik
Authors: Simioni Ana Paula Cavalcanti 
Published: October 2015

A afirmação da estética modernista no Brasil perpassa diversas práticas artísticas, entre elas o da decoração de interiores. De um modo geral, o protagonismo na introdução do design modernista no Brasil é atribuído ao suíço John Graz e ao ucraniano Gregori Warchavchik, dois imigrantes aportados no país em inícios da década de 19202. Sem contestar o papel que ambos desempenharam para a promoção de uma atualização do design de interiores, o presente artigo pretende analisar o mobiliário concebido por Gregori Warchavchik para a Casa Modernista procurando mostrar que esse, em sua materialidade, apresenta contradições que transparecem os impasses então vivenciados entre um certo ideário modernista almejado e as práticas concretas possíveis para sua realização na cidade de São Paulo em inícios do século XX.
Dossiê: Arte-Pesquisa: Inter-relações
Authors: Tavares Monica 
Published: October 2015

Este dossiê da revista ARS reúne textos apresentados no evento ARTE_PESQUISA: INTER-RELAÇÕES promovido pelos três Programas de Pós-Graduação em Artes e Artes Visuais do Estado de São Paulo: o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes da UNESP, sob coordenação da Profª. Rejane Coutinho; o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes Visuais da USP, sob coordenação da Profª. Monica Tavares; e o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes Visuais da UNICAMP, sob coordenação do Prof. Mauricius Farina. ARTE_PESQUISA: INTER-RELAÇÕES pretendeu incentivar e estreitar o intercâmbio acadêmico entre os três programas de pós-graduação, ao mesmo tempo em que procurou aprofundar o debate sobre as pesquisas em desenvolvimento. Configurou-se como um fórum privilegiado de discussão acerca das relações entre a criação e a investigação em arte. Os eixos temáticos tratados foram os seguintes: Poéticas e Linguagens, História, Teoria e Crítica da Arte e Arte-educação.
De Rousseau ao Modernismo: ideias e práticas históricas do ensino do desenho
Authors: Iavelberg Rosa , De Menezes Fernando Chui 
Published: October 2015

No presente artigo refletimos sobre a história particular do ensino do desenho – tratamos a passagem da visão tradicional à moderna e o olhar contemporâneo acerca do tema. Baseados no trabalho de pensadores como Ana Mae Barbosa, Arthur Efland, Juan Bordes e Elliot Eisner, buscamos situar e compreender as concepções que configuraram o ensino de desenho na história. Destacamos no estudo as implicações das ideias construídas historicamente no sentido de compreender e discutir os caminhos da educação em arte na contemporaneidade.
Yves Klein, Ícaro do modernismo
Authors: Torres Fernanda Lopes 
Published: October 2015

Consideramos a obra de Yves Klein como uma (das últimas) poética(s) moderna(s) ao reconhecer a polaridade entre cor e vazio do monocromo junto ao tópos do instante. Apoiados no conceito de suddenness do crítico literário Karl-Heinz Bohrer, identificamos, entre a saturação máxima do azul e o vazio (emergência e potência da forma), experiência do presente absoluto equivalente à produção do novo. Nos anos 60, porém, esse coeficiente do novo começa a ser cada vez mais rapidamente apropriado pelo discurso cultural. Klein se apega então aos instantes que “insistem em nos abandonar” (Cioran) através de uma “farsa monocromo”.
Clustering of Regional-Scale Extreme Precipitation Events in Southern Switzerland
Authors: Barton Yannick , Giannakaki Paraskevi , von Waldow Harald , Chevalier Clément , Pfahl Stephan , Martius Olivia 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Temporal clustering of extreme precipitation events on subseasonal time scales is of crucial importance for the formation of large-scale flood events. Here, the temporal clustering of regional-scale extreme precipitation events in southern Switzerland is studied. These precipitation events are relevant for the flooding of lakes in southern Switzerland and northern Italy. This research determines whether temporal clustering is present and then identifies the dynamics that are responsible for the clustering.
An observation-based gridded precipitation dataset of Swiss daily rainfall sums and ECMWF reanalysis datasets are used. Also used is a modified version of Ripley’s K function, which determines the average number of extreme events in a time period, to characterize temporal clustering on subseasonal time scales and to determine the statistical significance of the clustering. Significant clustering of regional-scale precipitation extremes is found on subseasonal time scales during the fall season.
Four high-impact clustering episodes are then selected and the dynamics responsible for the clustering are examined. During the four clustering episodes, all heavy precipitation events were associated with an upper-level breaking Rossby wave over western Europe and in most cases strong diabatic processes upstream over the Atlantic played a role in the amplification of these breaking waves. Atmospheric blocking downstream over eastern Europe supported this wave breaking during two of the clustering episodes. During one of the clustering periods, several extratropical transitions of tropical cyclones in the Atlantic contributed to the formation of high-amplitude ridges over the Atlantic basin and downstream wave breaking. During another event, blocking over Alaska assisted the phase locking of the Rossby waves downstream over the Atlantic.
Prospective analysis of antigen-specific immunity, stem-cell antigens, and immune checkpoints in monoclonal gammopathy
Authors: Dhodapkar Madhav V. , Sexton Rachael , Das Rituparna , Dhodapkar Kavita M. , Zhang Lin , Sundaram Ranjini , Soni Sonal , Crowley John J. , Orlowski Robert Z. , Barlogie Bart 
Published: October 2015

Key PointsProspective analysis of antigen-specific B/T-cell immunity in natural history of human premalignancy. Stemness antigens and ICPs may be targets for cancer prevention.