bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erythropoietin protects newborn rat against sevoflurane‐induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Pellegrini Lionel , Bennis Youssef , Velly Lionel , Grandvuillemin Isabelle , Pisano Pascale , Bruder Nicolas , Guillet Benjamin 
Published: April 2014

SummaryIntroductionRecent data on newborn animals exposed to anesthetics have raised safety concerns regarding anesthesia practices in young children. Indeed, studies on rodents have demonstrated a widespread increase in brain apoptosis shortly after exposure to sevoflurane, followed by long‐term neurologic impairment. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of rh‐EPO, a potent neuroprotective agent, in rat pups exposed to sevoflurane.Material and MethodsAt postnatal day 7, 75 rat pups were allocated into three groups: SEVO + EPO (n = 27) exposed to sevoflurane 2 vol% (0.5 MAC) for 6 h in an air/O2 mixture (60/40) + 5000 UI.kg−1rh‐EPO IP; SEVO (n = 27) exposed to sevoflurane + vehicle IP; and CONTROL (n = 21) exposed to the mixture without sevoflurane + vehicle IP. Three days after anesthesia (D10), apoptosis was quantified on brain extract with TUNEL method and caspase 3. NGF and BDNF expression was determined by Western blotting. Rats reaching adulthood were evaluated in terms of exploration capacities (object exploration duration) together with spatial and object learning (water maze and novel object test).ResultsSevoflurane exposure impaired normal behavior in adult rats by reducing the exploratory capacities during the novel object test and impaired both spatial and object learning capacities in adult rats (water maze, ratio time to find platform 3rd trial/1st trial: 1.1 ± 0.2 vs 0.4 ± 0.1; n = 9, SEVO vs CONTROL; P = 0.01). Rh‐EPO reduced sevoflurane‐induced behavior and learning abnormalities in adult rats (water maze, ratio time to find platform 3rd trial/1st trial: 0.3 ± 0.1 vs 1.1 ± 0.2; n = 9, SEVO + EPO vs SEVO; P = 0.01). Three days after anesthesia, rh‐EPO prevented sevoflurane‐induced brain apoptosis (5 ± 3 vs 35 ± 6 apoptotic cells·mm−2; n = 6, SEVO + EPO vs SEVO; P = 0.01) and elevation of caspase three level and significantly increased the brain expression of BDNF and NGF (n = 6, SEVO + EPO vs SEVO; P = 0.01).ConclusionSix hours of sevoflurane anesthesia in newborn rats induces significant long‐term cognitive impairment. A single administration of rh‐EPO immediately after postnatal exposure to sevoflurane reduces both early activation of apoptotic phenomenon and late onset of neurologic disorders.
Intraoperative blood pressure and cerebral perfusion: strategies to clarify hemodynamic goals
Authors: Williams Monica , Lee Jennifer K. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBlood pressure can vary considerably during anesthesia. If blood pressure falls outside the limits of cerebrovascular autoregulation, children can become at risk of cerebral ischemic or hyperemic injury. However, the blood pressure limits of autoregulation are unclear in infants and children, and these limits can shift after brain injury. This article will review autoregulation, considerations for the hemodynamic management of children with brain injuries, and research on autoregulation monitoring techniques.
Endoscopic pediatric neurosurgery: implications for anesthesia
Authors: Meier Petra M. , Guzman Raphael , Erb Thomas O. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryEndoscopic surgery is increasingly utilized in neurosurgery for all pediatric age groups. Endoscopic intraventricular neurosurgery represents a unique approach to intracranial pathology but may cause a unique set of limitations and potential complications. Important endoscopic neurosurgical techniques and their indications, perioperative anesthesia management, complications, and success rates are reviewed with special emphasis on endoscopic third ventriculostomy and endoscopic‐assisted strip craniectomy in early infancy. Despite encouraging short‐ and long‐term results of early pediatric endoscopic neurosurgery, multicenter randomized studies will be needed to further determine safety and the effect on cognitive development and quality of life.
Patient‐Controlled Remifentanil Analgesia as Alternative for Pethidine with Midazolam During Oocyte Retrieval in IVF/ICSI Procedures: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lier Marit C. , Douwenga Wieteke M. , Yilmaz Fatos , Schats Roel , Hompes Peter G. , Boer Christa , Mijatovic Velja 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundPethidine with midazolam‐induced conscious sedation for pain relief during transvaginal oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures is associated with residual pain and oversedation. Patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) with remifentanil may serve as an alternative for pethidine. We investigated whether PCA remifentanil with diclofenac was associated with improved periprocedural pain relief than pethidine analgesia during IVF/ICSI procedures, with sedation scores, safety profiles, and patient satisfaction as secondary endpoints.MethodsSeventy‐six women were randomized to receive pethidine (2 mg/kg i.m.) and midazolam (7.5 mg)‐induced conscious sedation (n = 40) or PCA with remifentanil and diclofenac (50 mg; n = 36). The Numeric Rating Scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Ramsey Sedation Scale, and a 5‐day pain‐and‐discomfort diary were used to evaluate pain and sedation levels.ResultsThere were no differences in baseline characteristics and reproductive outcomes between both groups. Periprocedural pain scores were comparable for remifentanil and pethidine groups (4 [3 to 7] vs. 6 [4 to 8]; P = 0.13). Pain scores in the pethidine group were significantly lower at 30 minutes after the procedure (1 [0 to 3] vs. 2 [1 to 5]; P = 0.016), but at cost of higher sedation levels when compared to remifentanil (4 [2 to 4] vs. 2 [2 to 2]; P < 0.001). Patient satisfaction was higher, and MPQ scores were lower in the remifentanil group. There were no differences in safety profiles between both analgesics.ConclusionsPatient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil showed a similar reduction in pain scores than pethidine with midazolam during oocyte retrieval, while pethidine induced the highest pain relief after the procedure. However, PCA remifentanil was associated with less sedation and a better patient satisfaction profile than pethidine.
Successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II
Authors: Unal Sule , Russo Roberta , Gumruk Fatma , Kuskonmaz Baris , Cetin Mualla , Sayli Tulin , Tavil Betul , Langella Concetta , Iolascon Achille , Uckan Cetinkaya Duygu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCDA are a group of inherited, rare diseases that are characterized by dyserythropoiesis and ineffective erythropoiesis associated with transfusion dependency in approximately 10% of cases. For these latter patients, the only curative treatment is HSCT. There are very limited data on HSCT experience in this rare disease. Herein, we report a five‐yr six‐month‐old girl with compound heterozygous mutations in SEC23B gene, who was diagnosed to have CDA type II and underwent successful HSCT from her matched sibling donor.
Central pontine myelinolysis following pediatric living donor liver transplantation: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Uchida Hajime , Sakamoto Seisuke , Sasaki Kengo , Hamano Ikumi , Shigeta Takanobu , Kanazawa Hiroyuki , Fukuda Akinari , Nosaka Shunsuke , Kubota Masaya , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCPM is one of the most serious neurological complications that can occur after OLT and is characterized by symmetrical demyelinization in the basis pontis. The etiology of CPM remains unclear, although the rapid correction of the serum sodium and CNI concentrations may be associated with the development of CPM. With recent advances in MRI technology, early diagnosis of CPM has become possible. Here, we present the case of a five‐yr‐old female who developed CNI‐associated CPM after undergoing LDLT. A decreased level of consciousness and dysphasia was noted one wk after LDLT, and MRI revealed findings compatible with a diagnosis of CPM. The patient fully recovered from the neurological deficits related to CPM following the switch from the CNI to sirolimus. We propose MRI to be promptly considered for patients with abnormal neurological findings, together with the substitution of CNI with an mTOR inhibitor as a management regimen for CNI‐related CPM.
Polymyxin use as a risk factor for colonization or infection with polymyxin‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii after liver transplantation
Authors: Freire M.P. , Van Der Heijden I.M. , do Prado G.V.B. , Cavalcante L.S. , Boszczowski I. , Bonazzi P.R. , Rossi F. , Guimarães T. , D'Albuquerque L.A.C. , Costa S.F. , Abdala E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIntroductionAcinetobacter baumannii is a leading agent of healthcare‐associated infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate cases of colonization or infection with polymyxin‐resistant A. baumannii (PRAB) in liver transplant recipients and to identify the risk factors for the acquisition of PRAB.MethodsWe evaluated all patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) between January and November of 2011. The exclusion criterion was death within the first 72 h after transplant. Patients were screened for PRAB through weekly rectal and inguinal swabs during their stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and at ICU discharge. Patients who came from other hospitals or had been treated in the emergency room for >72 h were screened at ICU admission. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for polymyxins were determined by broth microdilution, and clonality was determined by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis. The stepwise logistic regression was used to identify risk factors related to acquisition of PRAB, and Cox forward regression used to identify risk factors for 60‐day mortality.ResultsWe evaluated 65 patients submitted to LT, among whom PRAB was isolated in 7, 4 of whom developed infection. The MICs for polymyxin E ranged from 16 to 128 mg/mL. All patients with PRAB required dialysis. The median time of polymyxin use before PRAB isolation was 21 days. These 4 included 1 case of primary bloodstream infection (BSI), which was treated with the carbapenem‐polymyxin combination; 1 case of surgical site infection, which was treated with gentamicin, polymyxin, ampicillin‐sulbactam, and tigecycline; and 2 cases of pneumonia, treated with the combination of carbapenem‐polymyxin. In the case of BSI and in 1 of the cases of pneumonia, the treatment was considered successful. Mortality was 71% among the cases, compared with 33% among the non‐cases.ConclusionIn the final model of the survival analysis, PRAB colonization or infection after LT was independently associated with mortality. One predominant clone was identified. The only risk factor identified in the multivariate analysis was polymyxin use. PRAB was an agent with high mortality, and the most important risk factor associated with colonization or infection for such bacterium was polymyxin use.
Central fatigue contributes to the greater reductions in explosive than maximal strength with high‐intensity fatigue
Authors: Buckthorpe Matthew , Pain Matthew T. G. , Folland Jonathan P. 
Published: April 2014

New FindingsWhat is the central question of this study?Repeated high‐force contractions of skeletal muscle cause a decline in the force‐generating capacity, referred to as muscle fatigue. The influence of fatigue on explosive strength and the associated contractile and neural mechanisms responsible is not known.What is the main finding and its importance?Fatigue exerts a more pronounced influence on explosive force production than on maximal voluntary force production. Contractile and neural mechanisms were considered responsible.The study aimed to assess the influence of fatigue induced by repeated high‐force explosive contractions on explosive and maximal isometric strength of the human knee extensors and to examine the neural and contractile mechanisms for the expected decrement. Eleven healthy untrained males completed 10 sets of voluntary maximal explosive contractions (five times 3 s, interspersed with 2 s rest). Sets were separated by 5 s, during which supramaximal twitch and octet contractions [eight pulses at 300 Hz that elicit the contractile peak rate of force development (pRFD)] were evoked. Explosive force, at specific time points, and pRFD were assessed for voluntary and evoked efforts, expressed in absolute terms and normalized to maximal/peak force. Maximal voluntary contraction force (MVCF) and peak evoked forces were also determined. Surface EMG amplitude was measured from three superficial agonists and normalized to maximal compound action potential area. By set 10, explosive force (47–52%,P < 0.001) and MVCF (42%,P < 0.001) had declined markedly. Explosive force declined more rapidly than MVCF, with lower normalized explosive force at 50 ms (29%,P = 0.038) that resulted in reduced normalized explosive force from 0 to 150 ms (11–29%,P ≤ 0.038). Neural efficacy declined by 34%, whilst there was a 15–28% reduction in quadriceps EMG amplitude during voluntary efforts (allP ≤ 0.03). There was demonstrable contractile fatigue (pRFD: octet, 27%; twitch, 66%; bothP < 0.001). Fatigue reduced normalized pRFD for the twitch (21%,P = 0.001) but not the octet (P = 0.803). Fatigue exerted a more rapid and pronounced effect on explosive force than on MVCF, particularly during the initial 50 ms of contraction, which may explain the greater incidence of injuries associated with fatigue. Both neural and contractile fatigue mechanisms appeared to contribute to impaired explosive voluntary performance.
Long-Term Monitoring of Waterborne Pathogens and Microbial Source Tracking Markers in Paired Agricultural Watersheds under Controlled and Conventional Tile Drainage Management
Authors: Wilkes Graham , Brassard Julie , Edge Thomas A. , Gannon Victor , Gottschall Natalie , Jokinen Cassandra C. , Jones Tineke H. , Khan Izhar U. H. , Marti Romain , Sunohara Mark D. , Topp Edward , Lapen David R. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Surface waters from paired agricultural watersheds under controlled tile drainage (CTD) and uncontrolled tile drainage (UCTD) were monitored over 7 years in order to determine if there was an effect of CTD (imposed during the growing season) on occurrences and loadings of bacterial and viral pathogens, coliphages, and microbial source tracking markers. There were significantly lower occurrences of human, ruminant, and livestock (ruminant plus pig)
Bacteroidales
markers in the CTD watershed in relation to the UCTD watershed. As for pathogens, there were significantly lower occurrences of
Salmonella
spp. and
Arcobacter
spp. in the CTD watershed. There were no instances where there were significantly higher quantitative loadings of any microbial target in the CTD watershed, except for F-specific DNA (F-DNA) and F-RNA coliphages, perhaps as a result of fecal inputs from a hobby farm independent of the drainage practice treatments. There was lower loading of the ruminant marker in the CTD watershed in relation to the UCTD system, and results were significant at the level
P
= 0.06. The odds of
Salmonella
spp. occurring increased when a ruminant marker was present relative to when the ruminant marker was absent, yet for
Arcobacter
spp., the odds of this pathogen occurring significantly decreased when a ruminant marker was present relative to when the ruminant marker was absent (but increased when a wildlife marker was present relative to when the wildlife marker was absent). Interestingly, the odds of norovirus GII (associated with human and swine) occurring in water increased significantly when a ruminant marker was present relative to when a ruminant marker was absent. Overall, this study suggests that fecal pollution from tile-drained fields to stream could be reduced by CTD utilization.
Brine Assemblages of Ultrasmall Microbial Cells within the Ice Cover of Lake Vida, Antarctica
Authors: Kuhn Emanuele , Ichimura Andrew S. , Peng Vivian , Fritsen Christian H. , Trubl Gareth , Doran Peter T. , Murray Alison E. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

The anoxic and freezing brine that permeates Lake Vida's perennial ice below 16 m contains an abundance of very small (≤0.2-μm) particles mixed with a less abundant population of microbial cells ranging from >0.2 to 1.5 μm in length. Fluorescent DNA staining, electron microscopy (EM) observations, elemental analysis, and extraction of high-molecular-weight genomic DNA indicated that a significant portion of these ultrasmall particles are cells. A continuous electron-dense layer surrounding a less electron-dense region was observed by EM, indicating the presence of a biological membrane surrounding a cytoplasm. The ultrasmall cells are 0.192 ± 0.065 μm, with morphology characteristic of coccoid and diplococcic bacterial cells, often surrounded by iron-rich capsular structures. EM observations also detected the presence of smaller unidentified nanoparticles of 0.020 to 0.140 μm among the brine cells. A 16S rRNA gene clone library from the brine 0.1- to 0.2-μm-size fraction revealed a relatively low-diversity assemblage of
Bacteria
sequences distinct from the previously reported >0.2-μm-cell-size Lake Vida brine assemblage. The brine 0.1- to 0.2-μm-size fraction was dominated by the
Proteobacteria
-affiliated genera
Herbaspirillum
,
Pseudoalteromonas
, and
Marinobacter
. Cultivation efforts of the 0.1- to 0.2-μm-size fraction led to the isolation of
Actinobacteria
-affiliated genera
Microbacterium
and
Kocuria
. Based on phylogenetic relatedness and microscopic observations, we hypothesize that the ultrasmall cells in Lake Vida brine are ultramicrocells that are likely in a reduced size state as a result of environmental stress or life cycle-related conditions.
Production of Proteasome Inhibitor Syringolin A by the Endophyte Rhizobium sp. Strain AP16
Authors: Dudnik Alexey , Bigler Laurent , Dudler Robert 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Syringolin A, the product of a mixed nonribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthase encoded by the
syl
gene cluster, is a virulence factor secreted by certain
Pseudomonas syringae
strains. Together with the glidobactins produced by a number of beta- and gammaproteobacterial human and animal pathogens, it belongs to the syrbactins, a structurally novel class of proteasome inhibitors. In plants, proteasome inhibition by syringolin A-producing
P. syringae
strains leads to the suppression of host defense pathways requiring proteasome activity, such as the ones mediated by salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Here we report the discovery of a
syl
-like gene cluster with some unusual features in the alphaproteobacterial endophyte
Rhizobium
sp. strain AP16 that encodes a putative syringolin A-like synthetase whose components share 55% to 65% sequence identity (72% to 79% similarity) at the amino acid level. As revealed by average nucleotide identity (ANI) calculations, this strain likely belongs to the same species as biocontrol strain
R. rhizogenes
K84 (formely known as
Agrobacterium radiobacter
K84), which, however, carries a nonfunctional deletion remnant of the
syl
-like gene cluster. Here we present a functional analysis of the
syl
-like gene cluster of
Rhizobium
sp. strain AP16 and demonstrate that this endophyte synthesizes syringolin A and some related minor variants, suggesting that proteasome inhibition by syrbactin production can be important not only for pathogens but also for endophytic bacteria in the interaction with their hosts.
In SituAnalysis of Metabolic Characteristics Reveals the Key Yeast in the Spontaneous and Solid-State Fermentation Process of Chinese Light-Style Liquor
Authors: Kong Yu , Wu Qun , Zhang Yan , Xu Yan 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThein situmetabolic characteristics of the yeasts involved in spontaneous fermentation process of Chinese light-style liquor are poorly understood. The covariation between metabolic profiles and yeast communities in Chinese light-style liquor was modeled using the partial least square (PLS) regression method. The diversity of yeast species was evaluated by sequence analysis of the 26S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) D1/D2 domains of cultivable yeasts, and the volatile compounds in fermented grains were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS). Eight yeast species and 58 volatile compounds were identified, respectively. The modulation of 16 of these volatile compounds was associated with variations in the yeast population (goodness of prediction [Q2] > 20%). The results showed thatPichia anomalawas responsible for the characteristic aroma of Chinese liquor, through the regulation of several important volatile compounds, such as ethyl lactate, octanoic acid, and ethyl tetradecanoate. Correspondingly, almost all of the compounds associated withP. anomalawere detected in a pure culture of this yeast. In contrast to the PLS regression results, however, ethyl lactate and ethyl isobutyrate were not detected in the same pure culture, which indicated that some metabolites could be generated byP. anomalaonly when it existed in a community with other yeast species. Furthermore, different yeast communities provided different volatile patterns in the fermented grains, which resulted in distinct flavor profiles in the resulting liquors. This study could help identify the key yeast species involved in spontaneous fermentation and provide a deeper understanding of the role of individual yeast species in the community.
The Basic Leucine Zipper Domain Transcription Factor Atf1 Directly Controls Cdc13 Expression and Regulates Mitotic Entry Independently of Wee1 and Cdc25 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sushobhana , Dey Isha , Suresh Megalakshmi , Sundaram Geetanjali 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Progression into mitosis is a major point of regulation in the
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
cell cycle, and its proper control is essential for maintenance of genomic stability. Investigation of the G
2
/M progression event in
S. pombe
has revealed the existence of a complex regulatory process that is responsible for making the decision to enter mitosis. Newer aspects of this regulation are still being revealed. In this paper, we report the discovery of a novel mode of regulation of G
2
/M progression in
S. pombe
. We show that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-regulated transcription factor Atf1 is a regulator of Cdc13 (mitotic cyclin) transcription and is therefore a prominent player in the regulation of mitosis in
S. pombe
. We have used genetic approaches to study the effect of overexpression or deletion of Atf1 on the cell length and G
2
/M progression of
S. pombe
cells. Our results clearly show that Atf1 overexpression accelerates mitosis, leading to an accumulation of cells with shorter lengths. The previously known major regulators of entry into mitosis are the Cdc25 phosphatase and the Wee1 kinase, which modulate cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity. The significantly striking aspect of our discovery is that Atf1-mediated G
2
/M progression is independent of both Cdc25 and Wee1. We have shown that Atf1 binds to the Cdc13 promoter, leading to activation of Cdc13 expression. This leads to enhanced nuclear localization of CDK Cdc2, thereby promoting the G
2
/M transition.