bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐areal and corticocortical circuits arising in the dysgranular zone of rat primary somatosensory cortex that processes deep somatic input
Authors: Kim Uhnoh , Lee Taehee 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSomesthesis‐guided exploration of the external world requires cortical processing of both cutaneous and proprioceptive information and their integration into motor commands to guide further haptic movement. In the past, attention has been given mostly to the cortical circuits processing cutaneous information for somatic motor integration. By comparison, little has been examined about how cortical circuits are organized for higher order proprioceptive processing. Using the rat cortex as a model, we characterized the intrinsic and corticocortical circuits arising in the major proprioceptive region of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) that is conventionally referred to as the dysgranular zone (DSZ). We made small injections of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) as an anterograde tracer in various parts of the DSZ, revealing three distinct principles of its cortical circuit organization. First, its intrinsic circuits extend mainly along the major axis of DSZ to organize multiple patches of interconnections. Second, the central and peripheral regions of DSZ produce differential patterns of intra‐areal and corticocortical circuits. Third, the projection fields of DSZ encompass only selective regions of the second somatic (SII), posterior parietal (PPC), and primary motor (MI) cortices. These projection fields are at least partially separated from those of SI cutaneous areas. We hypothesize, based on these observations, that the cortical circuits of DSZ facilitate a modular integration of proprioceptive information along its major axis and disseminate this information to only selective parts of higher order somatic and MI cortices in parallel with cutaneous information. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:2585–2601, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential changes in the cellular composition of the developing marsupial brain
Authors: Seelke Adele M.H. , Dooley James C. , Krubitzer Leah A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThroughout development both the body and the brain change at remarkable rates. Specifically, the number of cells in the brain undergoes dramatic nonlinear changes, first exponentially increasing in cell number and then decreasing in cell number. Different cell types, such as neurons and glia, undergo these changes at different stages of development. The current investigation used the isotropic fractionator method to examine the changes in cellular composition at multiple developmental milestones in the short‐tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica. Here we report several novel findings concerning marsupial brain development and organization. First, during the later stages of neurogenesis (P18), neurons make up most of the cells in the neocortex, although the total number of neurons remains the same throughout the life span. In contrast, in the subcortical regions, the number of neurons decreases dramatically after P18, and a converse relationship is observed for nonneuronal cells. In the cerebellum, the total number of cells gradually increases until P180 and then remains constant, and then the number of neurons is consistent across the developmental ages examined. For the three major structures examined, neuronal density and the percentage of neurons within a structure are highest during neurogenesis and then decrease after this point. Finally, the total number of neurons in the opossum brain is relatively low compared with other small‐brained mammals such as mice. The relatively low number of neurons and correspondingly high number of nonneurons suggests that in the marsupial brain nonneurons may play a significant role in signal processing. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:2602–2620, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of choroidal blood perfusion and natural convection in vitreous humor during transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT)
Authors: Narasimhan Arunn , Sundarraj C. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYDuring retinal surgical treatment often the gel‐like vitreous humor is replaced by aqueous substitutes. A two‐dimensional computational model is developed for simulating transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) process in a human eye under post‐retinal treatment. The model accounts for natural convection in vitreous humor and the choroidal blood perfusion. Time dependent and steady state forms of Pennes bio heat transfer and the natural convection governing energy equations are solved using finite volume formulation. The results for steady state and at the end of 60 s of the laser irradiated TTT process show that flow in vitreous humor is significant. The velocity contours indicate strong natural convection on the upper half of the vitreous chamber. Compared with the stationary vitreous case, the peak temperature in retina during TTT, drops by 15 K and 12.5 K due to natural convection flow in the vitreous humor under steady and transient states, respectively. The choroidal blood perfusion also reduces the peak retinal temperature by 6 K and 1.5 K in steady state and transient cases, respectively. The vitreous humor convection enhances heat transfer in the regions adjacent to the laser spot. The temperature rise and the associated thermal damage in the neighboring regions resulting from the flow of vitreous humor is presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organoruthenium‐Supported Polyoxotungstate – Synthesis, Structure and Oxidation of n‐Hexadecane with Air
Authors: Meng Rui‐Qi , Wang Bin , Sui Hui‐Min , Li Bao , Song Wei , Wu Li‐Xin , Zhao Bing , Bi Li‐Hua 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA ruthenium complex, KNa[Ru2(C6H6)2(CH3COO)6] (Ru‐KNa), and its polyoxotungstate derivative, Na6[{Ru(C6H6)}2W8O28(OH)2]·16H2O (Ru‐Na), have been successfully isolated from routine synthetic reactions and characterized by X‐ray single‐crystal structure analysis, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. A remarkable aspect of Ru‐KNa is that it has two ligand types, benzene and acetate, and the acetate ligands are connected exclusively by a central Na cation to form a dimeric sandwich‐type structure, which is further connected by K cations to construct the 3D structures. Based on complex Ru‐KNa, the compound Ru‐Na was synthesized, and it consists of two {Ru(C6H6)} units linked to a [W8O28(OH)2]10– fragment by three Ru–O(W) bonds to result in an assembly with idealized C2 symmetry in which the polyanions form 3D structures by the connection of Na chains. Subsequently, the compound Ru‐Na was anchored on (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (apts) modified SBA‐15 to prepare the solid catalysts, which were characterized by powder XRD, N2 adsorption measurements and FTIR spectroscopy. Finally, the catalytic efficiency of Ru‐Na was assessed in the oxidation of n‐hexadecane with air without any additives and solvents. The results indicated that Ru‐Na is a heterogeneous catalyst and exhibits higher catalytic activity than previously reported Ru‐containing polyoxotungstates.
Fourier transform mid‐infrared spectroscopy evaluation of early stages of virgin olive oil autoxidation
Authors: Nenadis Nikolaos , Tsikouras Ioannis , Xenikakis Polidoros , Tsimidou Maria Z. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe applicability of FT‐MIR/ATR spectroscopy (4000–400 cm−1) for the evaluation of early stages of autoxidation was examined for extra virgin olive oil samples (EVOO), which even after 12‐month storage (dark, 23 ± 3°C) satisfied official limits for acidity, peroxide, K232 and K270 values. Changes in intensity values at 3470 cm−1 (hydroperoxide formation) and in values of various intensity ratios, namely A3006/2924, A3006/2853, A3006/1746, A3006/1465, A3006/1163, A1118/1097, A2853/1746, A2853/1417, A2853/1163, A2853/1118, A2853/1097, and A2853/723 (relevant to the degree of oil unsaturation) did not offer more information than the physicochemical criteria when examined one by one. Principal component – discriminant analysis of intensity values at 2924, 2853, 1746, 1465, 1163, 1118, 1097, and 723 cm−1 led to a 100, 91, and 54.5% correct classification for the 12, 6, and 0 months stored ones, respectively. Improvement in correct classification of the latter (73–91%) was obtained when the second derivatives of various spectral ranges were treated by the same statistical approach. Frequencies assigned to stretching and/or bending of CO and CH2 groups (1020–1260 cm−1) produced the best discrimination among samples. Findings are discussed with reference to literature reports about FT‐MIR applicability under various oxidation conditions of virgin olive oil (VOO). A systematic inter‐laboratory study is suggested in order FT‐MIR/ATR to be used as a robust tool in VOO quality control.Practical applications: There is an increasing awareness among consumers and olive oil producers and distributors about virgin olive oil freshness and discussions are on the way for updating of the relevant EU regulations on its quality characteristics. Modernization of methods of analysis and introduction of additional criteria can be achieved by the employment of powerful techniques that can provide solid, multiple type of information with little sample manipulation. FT‐MIR/ATR requires no sample preparation, the spectra are related to all chemical components of the lipid matrix and are recorded over a broad region (4000–400 cm−1) in few minutes. Chemometric analysis of the numerous peaks extracts all of the valuable information that can enhance claims or disputes about the oxidative status of a virgin olive oil (e.g., freshness or loss of freshness). Moreover, FT‐MIR apparatus has multiple uses in the oil industry (authenticity, origin) so that an investment on such a green technique is advisable.
Synthetic Studies on the Nhatrangins: Stereoselective Access to an Advanced Aldehyde Intermediate
Authors: Raffier Ludovic , Piva Olivier 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTwo different strategies have been considered to achieve the first total synthesis of nhatrangins A and B. The first approach based on a cross metathesis (CM) reaction was unsuccessful. The second, which combined a highly stereoselective alkylation, a diastereoselective aldolization, and finally an esterification, furnished an advanced aldehyde intermediate bearing the three contiguous stereogenic centres and the expected side‐chain.
Organocatalytic syn‐Aldol Reactions of Hydroxy Ketones with (S)‐Isoserinal: Asymmetric Synthesis of 6‐Deoxy‐1,5‐iminohexitols and Related Compounds
Authors: Nicolas Cyril , Pluta Roman , Pasternak‐Suder Monika , Martin Olivier R. , Mlynarski Jacek 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAn improved and convenient preparation of protected (S)‐isoserinal on a large scale is reported. This key intermediate was reacted through organocatalyzed aldol reaction or Wittig based chain extension and functionalization to give enantiopure 1,5,6‐trideoxy‐1,5‐imino‐hexitols such as 10a (L‐manno) and 10b (D‐gluco). These two compounds are of interest as glycosidase inhibitors. The elaborated organocatalytic process includes diastereoselective syn aldol reaction of (S)‐isoserinal hydrate and hydroxyacetone or 1‐hydroxy‐2‐octanone and is promoted by various amino acid‐based catalysts. Diastereoselectivities of up to 8:1 were achieved, thus establishing a new, efficient synthetic route to these important carbohydrate mimics.
Biomolecules Immobilization Using the Aryl Diazonium Electrografting
Authors: Abdellaoui S. , Corgier B. C. , Mandon C. A. , Doumèche B. , Marquette C. A. , Blum L. J 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe electrografting of aryl‐diazonium was proven to be an efficient way to immobilize antibodies, oligonucleotides and enzymes onto conductive supports. Biomolecules chemically functionalized with aniline derivates or diazotated derivates could be used to build complex architectures acting as sensing layers for biosensors, biochips or others bioelectronic devices. Additionally, the use of SPR offers new opportunities to characterize the grafted surfaces as well as to develop label‐free assays. Here, we give an overview of our group achievements in the field during the last 7 years. We highlight the applications of these functionalized surfaces in multiparametric sandwich assays, in the label free detection and imaging of macromolecular interactions by SPRi and in the immobilization of dehydrogenase via its cofactor.
Using the Solid Digestate from a Wet Anaerobic Digestion Process as an Energy Resource
Authors: Li Hailong , Lindmark Johan , Nordlander Eva , Thorin Eva , Dahlquist Erik , Zhao Li 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe wet anaerobic digestion process is a widely used method to produce biogas from biomass. To avoid the risks involved with using the digestion waste as a fertilizer, this work investigates the possibilities to use the solid digestate as an energy resource to produce heat and electricity, which could save some energy currently consumed by the plant and, therefore, may increase the overall efficiency of a biogas plant. Simulations were conducted based on real data from the Växtkraft biogas plant in Västerås, Sweden as a case study. Results show that it is necessary to dry the solid digestate before combustion and include flue‐gas condensation to recover enough heat for the drying process. When a steam turbine cycle is integrated, the generated electricity could cover 13–18 % of the total electricity consumption of the plant, depending on the degree of dryness. In addition, reducing the digestion period can increase the carbon content (ultimate analysis), the heating value, and the mass flow of the solid digestate. As a result, the production of electricity and heat is augmented in the steam turbine cycle. However, the production of biogas is reduced. Therefore, a comprehensive economic evaluation is suggested to optimize a biogas plant that uses the solid digestate from a wet anaerobic digestion process as an energy resource.
An unstructured finite‐volume method for coupled models of suspended sediment and bed load transport in shallow‐water flows
Authors: Benkhaldoun Fayssal , Elmahi Imad , Sari Saida , Seaid Mohammed 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe aim of this work is to develop a well‐balanced finite‐volume method for the accurate numerical solution of the equations governing suspended sediment and bed load transport in two‐dimensional shallow‐water flows. The modelling system consists of three coupled model components: (i) the shallow‐water equations for the hydrodynamical model; (ii) a transport equation for the dispersion of suspended sediments; and (iii) an Exner equation for the morphodynamics. These coupled models form a hyperbolic system of conservation laws with source terms. The proposed finite‐volume method consists of a predictor stage for the discretization of gradient terms and a corrector stage for the treatment of source terms. The gradient fluxes are discretized using a modified Roe's scheme using the sign of the Jacobian matrix in the coupled system. A well‐balanced discretization is used for the treatment of source terms. In this paper, we also employ an adaptive procedure in the finite‐volume method by monitoring the concentration of suspended sediments in the computational domain during its transport process. The method uses unstructured meshes and incorporates upwinded numerical fluxes and slope limiters to provide sharp resolution of steep sediment concentrations and bed load gradients that may form in the approximate solutions. Details are given on the implementation of the method, and numerical results are presented for two idealized test cases, which demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the method and its applicability in predicting dam‐break flows over erodible sediment beds. The method is also applied to a sediment transport problem in the Nador lagoon.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infiltrated SrTiO3:FeCr‐based Anodes for Metal‐Supported SOFC
Authors: Blennow P. , Sudireddy B. R. , Persson Å. H. , Klemensø T. , Nielsen J. , Thydén K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe concept of using electronically conducting anode backbones with subsequent infiltration of electrocatalytic active materials has been used to develop an alternative solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) design based on a ferritic stainless steel support. The anode backbone consists of a composite made of Nb‐doped SrTiO3 (STN) and FeCr stainless steel. A number of different experimental routes and analysis techniques have been used to evaluate the microstructural and chemical changes occurring in the composite anode layer during electrochemical testing at intermediate temperatures (650 °C). STN and FeCr stainless steel was found to be compatible on the macro‐scale level, however, some micro‐scale chemical interaction was observed. The composite anode backbone showed a promising corrosion resistance, with a decrease in formation of Cr2O3 on the FeCr particles, when exposed to SOFC operating conditions. The electronic conductivity of the infiltrated anode backbone furthermore showed good redox stability properties. Electrochemical testing of metal‐supported cells having the STN:FeCr composite anode backbone infiltrated with electrocatalysts showed comparable performance and promising durability properties compared with other metal‐supported cell designs presented in the literature. This work illustrates the potential advantages and challenges when incorporating SrTiO3‐based materials into metal‐supported cells based on ferritic stainless steel.
Hairy cell leukemia has a B‐cell genotype
Authors: Meyers Frederick J. , Cardiff Robert D. , Taylor Clive R. , Zuniga Martha , Radich Jerry 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe phenotype and, by inference, the cell of origin of some lymphocytic neoplasms has been defined by surface marker studies; however, the precise cellular origin of other neoplasms of the lymphoid system is still unknown. For example, with reference to hairy cell leukemia (HCL), cell marker data has been used in support of a monocytic, a T cell, or a B cell origin. If hairy cell leukemia is a B cell‐derived neoplasm, the controversy may be resolved by genotyping the cells, using the rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes as a marker of the B cell nature of the process. Rearrangement of these genes is detected using the Southern blot technique and cloned probes specific for the JH segment of the immunoglobulin genes.In this study, the arrangement of the immunoglobulin genes was analysed in normal tissue, in two accepted B cell lymphomas and in nine cases of hairy cell leukemia. DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes (two patients) and from the spleen (seven patients) revealed a discrete new JH restriction fragment length in the leukocytes of hairy cell leukemia cases. The presence of rearranged restriction fragments is interpreted as evidence of the existence of clonal B cell populations. Three of six samples had rearranged kappa light chain fragments.We conclude that most cases of hairy cell leukemia have a B cell genotype. The use of genotyping has wider application in the analysis of hematological malignancies.
Relationship between myeloblasts and cluster‐forming cells in acute non‐lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Gustavsson Anita , Olofsson Tor , Olsson Inge 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe relationship between myeloblast‐like cells and cluster‐forming cells detected by growth in agar has been studied in 22 untreated patients with acute non‐lymphocytic leukemia by means of comparing data for 3H‐TdR labelling of myeloblast‐like cells and 3H‐TdR suiciding of cluster‐forming cells. The fraction of myeloblast‐like cells in S‐phase was significantly smaller (13·1 ± 8·7 per cent) than the fraction of cluster‐forming cells in S‐phase (35·5 ± 15·3 per cent). In 2/22 patients approximately half of the myeloblast‐like cells in DNA‐synthesis were calculated to produce clusters in agar which may suggest similarity for cell cycle active myeloblast‐like cells and cluster‐forming cells. The other patients showed decreased plating efficiency for myeloblast‐like cells in S‐phase indicating non‐identity or modification of the growth pattern due to environmental factors and variations in death rate during culture. Sequential studies in three patients indicated a changing relationship between myeloblast‐like cells and cluster‐forming cells suggesting non‐identity or differences in growth regulation during the course of the disease.
Simian AIDS—Evidence for a retroviral etiology
Authors: Gardner Murray , Marx Preston , Maul Don , Osborn Kent , Henrickson Roy , Lerche Nick , Munn Bob , Bencken Betsy , Bryant Marty 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper reviews the major features of a simian model of acquired immunodeficiency (‘SAIDS’), SAIDS occurs endemically in colonies of macaque monkeys in the United States and resembles AIDS in humans in overall clinical manifestations, pathology, and immune deficiency. An infectious type D retrovirus, related to but distinct from the Mason‐Pfizer monkey virus, has been identified as the primary cause of SAIDS. The relevance of these findings for human AIDS is discussed.
Non‐random chromosomal aberrations associated with multiple myeloma
Authors: Lewis Jerry P. , Mackenzie Malcolm R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMyelomatous tissue from 30 patients was assessed for cytogenetic abnormalities and one‐third showed chromosomal deletions, additions, and/or rearrangements. Evidence is presented that those cases with only normal cytogenetics represent metaphase cells of nonmyelomatous tissue. The findings of our abnormal cases when added to the 18 reported in two series by others show unique cytogenetic patterns are present in this disease. From analysis of these 27 banded cases of myeloma, we conclude: (1) cytogenetic abnormalities of myeloma are not random; (2) clonal evolution may be associated with disease progression, however the abnormalities identified late in the disease are similar to those found in early myeloma; (3) cytogenetic aberrations of multiple myeloma differ considerably from those of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, and acute lymphocytic and nonlymphocytic leukemia; and (4) the myeloma karyotype often exhibits one or more of the following: rearrangements involving chromosome 1 and 14, trisomy 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11, and monosomy 8 and 13. These findings have great importance for molecular biologic studies of multiple myeloma.
A distinctive follicular hyperplasia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the AIDS related complex
Authors: Meyer Paul R. , Yanagihara Eugene T. , Parker John W. , Lukes Robert J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe histological features of a distinctive follicular hyperplasia observed in twenty‐nine male patients with AIDS or the AIDS related complex are described. The group includes four patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, five with lymphoma, 16 with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, and four with hemophilia. Histopathology is correlated with lymphocyte phenotyping and clinical findings and a model for the pathogenesis of this unique syndrome is presented.