bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is the Appropriate Use of Renal Sonography in an Inner‐City Population With New‐Onset Acute Kidney Injury?
Authors: Gamss Rebecca , Stein Marjorie W. , Rispoli Joanne M. , Cohen Hillel W. , Roberts Jeffrey H. , Koenigsberg Mordecai , Mazzariol Fernanda S. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the prevalence of hydronephrosis in patients who underwent renal sonography for new‐onset acute kidney injury (AKI) and to identify clinical factors predictive of hydronephrosis. In patients with hydronephrosis, we sought to investigate how routine renal sonography affects patient treatment, including performance of interventional procedures.MethodsA retrospective chart review identified 274 adults with AKI who underwent renal sonography at an urban teaching hospital from January through July 2011. The prevalence of hydronephrosis was determined. Electronic medical records were reviewed for comorbidities, including risk factors for hydronephrosis such as a pelvic mass, prior renal or pelvic surgery, and neurogenic bladder, and for subsequent interventions and outcomes.ResultsSonography showed hydronephrosis in 28 patients (10%); 5 (18%) had subsequent interventions. In a multivariable logistic regression model with the outcome being hydronephrosis, all considered risk factors (pelvic mass, prior renal or pelvic surgery, and neurogenic bladder) were significantly associated with hydronephrosis (odds ratio, 6.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.7–15.4; P < .001) when adjusting for age and diabetes mellitus. Diabetes had a negative predictive value for hydronephrosis. No diabetic patients younger than 85 years and without clinical risk factors had hydronephrosis.ConclusionsHydronephrosis is infrequently seen on sonograms in hospitalized patients with AKI who lack risk factors for urinary tract obstruction. Deferral of sonography pending a trial of medical treatment is safe and will reduce medical costs. Adoption of clinical guidelines to assess patients' risk levels for hydronephrosis is critical to avoid unnecessary imaging.
Extension of the Thoracic Spine Sign
Authors: Dickman Eitan , Terentiev Victoria , Likourezos Antonios , Derman Anna , Haines Lawrence 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesDyspnea is a common emergency department (ED) condition, which may be caused by pleural effusion and other thoracic diseases. We present data on a new sonographic marker, the extension of the thoracic spine sign, for diagnosis of pleural effusion.MethodsIn this prospective study, we enrolled a convenience sample of undifferentiated patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen or chest, which was performed as part of their emergency department evaluations. Patients underwent chest sonography to assess the utility of the extension of the thoracic spine sign for diagnosing pleural effusion. The point‐of‐care sonographic examinations were performed and interpreted by emergency physicians who were blinded to information in the medical records. Sonographic results were compared to radiologists' interpretations of the CT results, which were considered the criterion standard.ResultsForty‐one patients were enrolled, accounting for 82 hemithoraces. Seven hemithoraces were excluded from the analysis due to various limitations, leaving 75 hemithoraces for the final analysis. The median time for completion of the sonographic examination was 3 minutes. The sensitivity and specificity for extension of the thoracic spine were 73.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48.6%–89.9%) and 92.9% (95%CI, 81.9%–97.7%), respectively. Overall, there were 5 hemithoraces with false‐negative results when using the extension sign. Of those 5 cases, 4 were found to have trace pleural effusions on CT. When trace pleural effusions were excluded in a subgroup analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of extension of the thoracic spine were 92.9% (95% CI, 64.2%–99.6%) and 92.9% (95% CI, 81.9%–97.7%).ConclusionsWe found the extension of the thoracic spine sign to be an excellent diagnostic tool for clinically relevant pleural effusion.
Neonatal Lung Sonography
Authors: Brusa Giacomo , Savoia Marilena , Vergine Michela , Bon Andrea , Copetti Roberto , Cattarossi Luigi 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo assess the reliability of lung sonography in neonates between physician interpreters with different degrees of experience.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed lung sonograms from neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit with respiratory distress in the first 24 hours of life. The first scans were selected; only patients with available video clips documenting both hemithoraxes were included. The clips were independently examined by 4 different experienced observers blinded to clinical data. The interpreting physicians made a codified sonographic diagnosis, and the Cohen κ coefficient was used to measure the reliability between a proven experienced main interpreter and expert (κ1), intermediate (κ2), and beginner (κ3) control interpreters. We also calculated the specific agreement on respiratory distress syndrome and transient tachypnea of the neonate.ResultsFour hundred sixty‐five clips were taken from 114 neonates examined over a 16‐month period. The patients' median gestational age (range) was 34 weeks (25–41 weeks), and the median birth weight (range) was 2085 g (608–4134 g). Eighty‐eight percent of examinations were performed within 24 hours after birth. The overall κ coefficients (95% confidence intervals) were κ1 = 0.94 (0.88–1.00); κ2 = 0.72 (0.61–0.83); and κ3 = 0.81 (0.71–0.90). For respiratory distress syndrome, κ1 = 0.94 (0.87–1.00); κ2 = 0.90 (0.81–0.99); and κ3 = 0.87 (0.78–0.97). For transient tachypnea of the neonate, κ1 = 0.95 (0.89–1.00); κ2 = 0.76 (0.64–0.88); and κ3 = 0.81 (0.70–0.91).ConclusionsIn neonates with early respiratory distress, lung sonography has high interobserver agreement even between interpreters with varying levels of experience.
Comparison Between Various Color Spectra and Conventional Grayscale Imaging for Detection of Parenchymal Liver Lesions With B‐Mode Sonography
Authors: Merkel Daniel , Brinkmann Eckard , Kämmer Joerg C. , Köhler Miriam , Wiens Daniel , Derwahl Karl-Michael 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesThe electronic colorization of grayscale B‐mode sonograms using various color schemes aims to enhance the adaptability and practicability of B‐mode sonography in daylight conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic effectiveness and importance of colorized B‐mode sonography.MethodsFifty‐three video sequences of sonographic examinations of the liver were digitized and subsequently colorized in 2 different color combinations (yellow‐brown and blue‐white). The set of 53 images consisted of 33 with isoechoic masses, 8 with obvious lesions of the liver (hypoechoic or hyperechoic), and 12 with inconspicuous reference images of the liver. The video sequences were combined in a random order and edited into half‐hour video clips.ResultsIsoechoic liver lesions were successfully detected in 58% of the yellow‐brown video sequences and in 57% of the grayscale video sequences (P = .74, not significant). Fifty percent of the isoechoic liver lesions were successfully detected in the blue‐white video sequences, as opposed to a 55% detection rate in the corresponding grayscale video sequences (P= .11, not significant). In 2 subgroups, significantly more liver lesions were detected with grayscale sonography compared to blue‐white sonography.ConclusionsYellow‐brown–colorized B‐mode sonography appears to be similarly effective for detection of isoechoic parenchymal liver lesions as traditional grayscale sonography. Blue‐white colorization in B‐mode sonography is probably not as effective as grayscale sonography, although a statistically significant disadvantage was shown only in the subgroup of hyperechoic liver lesions.
Risk Evaluation of Immediate Surgical Failure During Thigh Hemodialysis Graft Placement by Sonographic Screening
Authors: Little Mark D. , Allon Michael , McNamara Michelle M. , Ong Song , Lockhart Mark E. , Young Carlton J. , Robbin Michelle L. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine whether preoperative sonographic evaluation of vascular diameters and calcification identifies patients at risk for immediate technical failure of thigh hemodialysis grafts.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 143 chronic hemodialysis patients who underwent thigh graft placement was performed. All patients underwent preoperative sonography to assess arterial and venous waveforms and vascular diameters. The degree of arterial calcification was assessed retrospectively. Patient characteristics and graft outcomes were examined. Statistical analyses were performed, with P< .05 considered clinically significant.ResultsSonography identified no or mild arterial calcification in 113 of 143 patients (79%) and moderate to severe calcification in 30 of 143 patients (21%). Primary surgical technical failure occurred in 23% of patients (7 of 30) with moderate to severe calcification, compared to 3.5% (4 of 113) of those with no or mild calcification (hazard ratio, 6.59; 95% confidence interval, 2.06–21.05; P = .002). Cumulative graft survival (time to permanent failure) was shorter in patients with moderate to severe arterial calcification (3‐year graft survival, 37% versus 56%; hazard ratio, 2.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.48–6.69; P= .003) but was not significantly associated with venous (P= .82) or arterial (P = .43) diameters.ConclusionsPreoperative sonographic assessment of thigh vessel diameters and calcification can identify patients who may be at risk for immediate technical graft failure and decreased cumulative graft survival. The use of sonography as a screening examination may improve preoperative assessment and surgical planning of hemodialysis thigh grafts.
Parastomal Hernia Prevention Using Funnel-Shaped Intra-Abdominal Mesh Compared to No Mesh
Authors: Mäkäräinen Elisa , Wiik Heikki , Nikberg Maziar , Kössi Jyrki , Carpelan-Holmström Monika , Pinta Tarja , Lehto Kirsi , Nikki Marko , Järvinen Jyri , Ohtonen Pasi , Rautio Tero 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceProphylactic placement of a mesh has been suggested to prevent parastomal hernia. Evidence to support this practice is contradictory.ObjectiveTo determine whether funnel-shaped permanent synthetic parastomal mesh is effective and safe in parastomal hernia prevention.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Chimney Trial was a randomized single-blinded multicenter trial conducted in 4 hospitals in Finland and 1 in Sweden from February 2019 and September 2021. Of 439 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma undergoing either laparoscopic or robotic-assisted abdominoperineal resection or the Hartmann procedure, 143 were enrolled in the trial, 135 received their allocated intervention, and 121 were analyzed at 12-month follow-up. Data were analyzed from December 2023 to May 2024.InterventionIn the intervention group, a permanent colostomy was created with a funnel-shaped intraperitoneal mesh and compared to a control group with a stoma without the mesh.Main Outcome and MeasureThe primary end point was the incidence of computed tomography (CT)–confirmed parastomal hernia 12 months after surgery.ResultsThere were 68 patients (mean [SD] age, 68.7 [11.6] years; 36 [53% male and 32 [47%] female) who received the intended allocation in the mesh group and 67 (mean [SD] age, 66.4 [11.7] years; 48 [72%] male and 19 [28%] female) who received the intended allocation in the control group. CT scans were available for 58 patients in the mesh group and 59 patients in the control group at the 12-month follow-up. CT scans confirmed parastomal hernia in 6 of 58 patients (10%) in the mesh group compared to 22 of 59 patients (37%) in the control group (difference, 27%; 95% CI, 12-41; P &amp;lt; .001). Clinical parastomal hernia as a secondary outcome was recorded in 1 of 60 patients (2%) in the mesh group compared to 27 of 61 (43%) in the control group (difference, 41%; 95% CI, 29-55; P &amp;lt; .001). The number of patients with Clavien-Dindo class II ileus was 23 (35%) in the mesh group compared to 11 (17%) in the control group (difference, 18%; 95% CI, 3-32; P = .006). Only slight differences between the groups were detected in other stoma-related complications, readmissions, operative time, surgical site infections, reoperations, and quality of life.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, funnel-shaped parastomal mesh prevented a significant number of parastomal hernias without predisposing patients to mesh- or stoma-related complications during 12-month follow-up. The results of this study suggest the funnel-shaped mesh is a feasible option to prevent parastomal hernia.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03799939
Hydrophilic and Insulative Interface Strategy Against Side Reactions for Dendrite‐Free Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Liu Kunlun , Li Yifan , Zhang Tian , Zhu Anquan , Gan Guoqiang , Lin Dewu , Liu Kai , Luan Chuhao , Bu Shuyu , Zhang Xiubo , Yang Yi , Yu Chang , Wu Yan , Hong Guo , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe zinc dendrite growth and the parasitic hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) hinder the commercialization of zinc batteries. To address this, a hydroxyl‐rich Boehmite coating (HR‐BC) strategy is developed that combines excellent electrical insulation and high zinc ion conductivity. The hydrophilic hydroxyl groups facilitate hydrogen bond formation with the hydrated zinc ions, accelerating the de‐solvation process and suppressing the HER. Additionally, the electrically insulative nature of Boehmite prevents the reduction of zinc ions within HR‐BC and results in preferential Zn deposition underneath it, leading to a dendrite‐free “sandwich structure” of HR‐BC//Zn deposition//Zn foil. Symmetric cells using HR‐BC‐Zn electrodes obtain an ultralong and stable cycling lifetime of 1700 h at 5 mA cm−2, along with a high cumulative plating capacity of 4250 mAh cm−2. When paired with a V2O5 cathode, the HR‐BC‐Zn anode demonstrates a high capacitance retention of 90% and an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.8% after 4000 cycles. Furthermore, when combined with a heteroatoms‐doped carbon (HDC) cathode, the HR–BC–Zn//HDC pouch‐type cell exhibits superior lifetime performance with nearly 100% average CE after 15000 cycles at 3.0 A g−1. This work highlights the effectiveness of hydrophilic and insulative coating strategies in fostering the progression of long‐lasting zinc‐based energy storage systems.
Sustained Antibiotic Release from Biodegradable Gelatin–Silica Hybrid for Orthopedic Infections
Authors: Lin Yu‐Chien , Lee Chin‐Yun , Jones Julian R. , Liu Wai‐Ching , Cho Nam‐Joon , Hu Chih‐Chien , Chung Ren‐Jei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAntibiotic‐loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads are commonly employed to treat prosthetic joint infections (PJI) and chronic osteomyelitis due to their excellent mechanical strength. However, PMMA's non‐degradability results in a burst release of antibiotics and potential renal toxicity, necessitating additional surgeries for bead removal. There is a critical need for infection control materials that can deliver antibiotics effectively, maintain adequate mechanical strength, and degrade uniformly. This study introduces a gelatin–silica hybrid antibiotic carrier, characterized by covalent bonds between the gelatin and silica networks. The incorporation of the silica network enhances the compressive strength to 32.53 ± 2.4 MPa and ensures uniform degradation over 6 months, aligning with clinical timelines. Furthermore, the gelatin–silica hybrid can support up to 10 wt% antibiotic loading without compromising its properties, making it a promising candidate for next‐generation infection control materials.
Fringing‐Effect‐Based Capacitive Proximity Sensors
Authors: Niu Hongsen , Li Hao , Li Ning , Niu Hongkai , Li Yang , Gao Song , Shen Guozhen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProximity sensing technology, which can obtain information without physical contact, has become an ideal choice in scenarios where physical contact is not feasible. Despite substantial advancements in tactile sensing, proximity sensing technology still holds great potential and has yet to be fully developed. Among numerous proximity sensing technologies, the fringing‐effect‐based capacitive proximity sensor (FE‐CPS) has garnered considerable attention due to its low cost, low power consumption, wide sensing range, and flexible and versatile structural design. However, research on FE‐CPS has not yet formed a complete system, and its development and intellectualization are still in their infancy, urgently requiring a systematic review to advance its development. This paper systematically summarizes the recent advances in FE‐CPS, from basic theory to practical applications. The working principle and typical structure of FE‐CPS are first introduced, followed by a discussion of methods for optimizing device performance. Furthermore, the application scenarios of FE‐CPS in intelligent pre‐alarm systems, intelligent control systems, and intelligent material perception systems are reviewed. Finally, the future development and challenges faced by FE‐CPS are prospected.
Coaxial 3D Printing Enabling Mn/CHA@Pd/CHA Zeolite‐Based Core–Shell Monoliths for Efficient Passive NOx Adsorbers
Authors: Li Dan , Wei Yingzhen , Zhang Tianjun , Bai Yang , Qi Youji , Han Jinfeng , Li Li , Yu Jihong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPd‐based zeolites are extensively used as passive NOx adsorbers (PNA) for cold‐start NOx emissions to meet stringent emission regulations. However, optimizing adsorber design to reduce Pd usage with substitution by non‐noble metals that are prone to suffer from H2O remains a significant challenge. Herein, the core–shell Mn/CHA@Pd/CHA zeolite monoliths based on non‐noble metal/zeolite core are constructed using coaxial 3D printing technology and identified as efficient passive NOx adsorbers for the first time. In the Mn/CHA@Pd/CHA monolith, the Pd/CHA shell effectively protected the Mn active sites in the core from H2O, while the integration of the Mn/CHA core not only introduced efficient storage sites but also facilitated NOx desorption, thereby achieving comparable adsorption properties and increased the NOx desorption efficiency by 35% at 350 °C compared with that of Pd/CHA monolith. Furthermore, some non‐noble metal‐based zeolites (e.g., Co/CHA, Mn/MFI, Mn/BEA) and Pd‐based zeolites (e.g., Pd/AEI) are also employed as cores and shells respectively to fabricate a series of core–shell zeolite monoliths via coaxial 3D printing, highlighting the benefits of incorporating non‐noble metals into Pd‐based zeolites for improving adsorption and desorption behaviors. This work provides a promising strategy for designing cost‐effective PNA materials and contributes to improving the exhaust after‐treatment technology.
Facile‐Prepared Size‐Controllable Nanogels for Enhancing Bidirectional Translocation, Control Efficiency, and Security of Nanopesticide
Authors: Wu Tianyue , Wang Yunpei , Liu Siyang , Zheng Zirui , He Chengyi , Yao Wenxuan , Zhang Chenhui , Gu Yucheng , Gao Yuxia , Du Fengpei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNanopesticides have been acknowledged by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry as a critical tool for revolutionizing future agricultural practices. However, the existing nanopesticides are often plagued by high costs, strict preparation conditions, uncontrollable size, and poor stability. Herein, taking the non‐systemic insecticide lambda‐cyhalothrin (LC) as a model pesticide, a series of LC‐loaded poly(octyl acrylate) nanogel formulations (LONFs) simultaneously featuring easy‐preparation, size‐controllable, and targeted delivery using microemulsion polymerization are developed. By adjusting the ratio of surfactants, the size of LONFs can be accurately designed to be 20, 50, 100, and 200 nm, exhibiting good stability under unconventional storage conditions (0 °C, 54 °C, ultraviolet radiation). Furthermore, reducing the particle diameter enhances the bidirectional translocation of LONFs in Vicia faba L., potentially reaching an optimal diameter (≈20 nm) for unique and rapid transport. LONFs increase the acute toxicity of LC to Aphis craccivora compared to conventional microemulsions (with a maximum reduction of 82.40% in LC50 at 24 h). Additionally, LONFs alter the lethal process of LC in human embryonic kidney 293T cells, with minimal cytotoxicity at a concentration of general application (40 mg L−1). This strategy simultaneously considers convenience, size controllability, and efficiency, providing a feasible method for the industrial development of nanopesticides.
Wafer‐Scale Transfer of MXene Films with Enhanced Device Performance via 2D Liquid Intercalation
Authors: Xu Xiangming , Thomas Simil , Guo Tianchao , Luo Linqu , Khan Yusuf , Yuan Yue , Elhagrasy Youssef A. , Lanza Mario , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Bakr Osman M. , Mohammed Omar F. , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWafer‐scale transfer processes of 2D materials significantly expand their application space in scalable microelectronic devices with excellent and tunable properties through van der Waals (vdW) stacking. Unlike many 2D materials, wafer‐scale transfer of MXene films for vdW contact engineering has not yet been reported. With their rich surface chemistry and tunable properties, the transfer of MXenes can enable enormous possibilities in electronic devices using interface engineering. Taking advantage of the MXene hydrophilic surface, a straightforward, green, and fast process for the transfer of MXene films at the wafer scale (4‐inch) is developed. Uniform vdW stacking of several types of large‐area heterojunctions including MXene/MXene (Ti3C2Tx, Nb2CTx, and V2CTx), MXene/MoS2, and MXene/Au is further demonstrated. Multilayer support is applied to minimize damage or deformation in the transfer process of patterned Ti3C2Tx film. It allows us to fabricate thin film transistors and manipulate the MXene/MoS2 interface through the intercalation of various 2D liquids. Particularly noteworthy is the significant enhancement of the interfacial carrier transfer efficiency by ≈2 orders of magnitude using hydrogen iodide (HI) intercalation. This finding indicates a wide range of possibilities for interface engineering by transferring MXene films and employing liquid‐assisted interfacial intercalation.
Effective Out‐Of‐Plane Thermal Conductivity of Silicene by Optothermal Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Bonaventura Eleonora , Dhungana Daya. S. , Massetti Chiara , Pedrini Jacopo , Grazianetti Carlo , Martella Christian , Pezzoli Fabio , Molle Alessandro , Bonera Emiliano 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSilicene has recently been revisited as a 2D material with potential thermoelectric applications. Here, the thermal properties of supported silicene are determined by optothermal Raman spectroscopy. Single and multilayer silicene is grown either directly on silver (Ag) substrates or on an intermediate tin (Sn) monolayer, introduced to reduce the influence of the substrate on the physical properties of silicene. Experimental values of an effective cross‐plane thermal conductivity of 0.5 W/mK are obtained for silicene on Ag and 0.3 W/mK for silicene on stanene‐Ag. The values of the interfacial thermal conductance, on the other hand, are 0.3 and 0.5 GW/m2K, respectively. Heterostack engineering is confirmed as a versatile strategy for extracting relevant physical parameters in silicene and for modulating the thermal response in the 2D limit.