bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(Arylene Alkylene)s with Tetrazole Pendants for Alkaline Ion‐Solvating Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Xia Yifan , Rajappan Sinu C. , Chen Si , Kraglund Mikkel Rykær , Serhiichuk Dmytro , Pan Dong , Jensen Jens Oluf , Jannasch Patric , Aili David 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlkaline ion‐solvating membranes derived from a tetrazole functionalized poly(arylene alkylene) are prepared, characterized and evaluated as electrode separators in alkaline water electrolysis. The base polymer, poly[[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐diyl(1,1,1‐trifluoropropan‐2‐yl)], is synthesized by superacid catalyzed polyhydroxyalkylation and subsequently functionalized with tetrazole pendants. After equilibration in aqueous KOH, the relatively acidic tetrazole pendants are deprotonated to form the corresponding potassium tetrazolides. The room temperature ion conductivity is found to peak at 19 mS cm−1 in 5 wt. % KOH, and slightly declines with increasing KOH concentration to 13 mS cm−1 in 30 wt. % KOH. Based on an overall assessment of the mechanical properties, conductivity and electrode activity, 30 wt. % KOH is applied for alkaline electrolysis cell tests. Current densities of up to 1000 mA cm−2 were reached with uncatalyzed Ni‐foam electrodes at a cell voltage of less than 2.6 V, with improved gas barrier characteristics compared to that of the several times thicker Zirfon separator.
A comparative design of 5G communication codes
Authors: Anand Kumar V. , Nandalal V. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryChannel coding is the most significant part of every communication system. Future wireless systems will require extraordinary performance codes employing a low‐complication encoding process and decoding to accommodate scenarios ranging from effective throughput with low code rates for extended messages to high dependability for brief information messages with low code rates. The existence of digital transmission techniques that can communicate error‐free over a noisy channel is established by Shannon's channel theorem. Channel coding, however, increases communication dependability at the cost of higher computational costs and structured redundancy. The primary goals of the fifth‐generation cellular network (5G) are enhanced dependability, reduced redundancy, and decreased latency. Two promising communication systems for achieving this goal are LDPC codes and polar codes. The 3GPP, which established the 5G communication system, is reviewed in this paper, along with the encoding/decoding procedure and communication dependability. The encoding/decoding process will be evaluated using the three most studied communication channels: the Binary Erasure Channel (BEC), AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise), and the BSC (Binary Symmetric Channel).
Association of optic disc pallor and RNFL thickness with cerebral small vessel disease in the PREVENT‐Dementia study
Authors: Gibbon Samuel , Low Audrey , Hamid Charlene , Reid‐Schachter Megan , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela , Ritchie Craig W. , Trucco Emanuele , Dhillon Baljean , O'Brien John T. , MacGillivray Thomas J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe tested associations between two retinal measures (optic disc pallor, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer [pRNFL] thickness) and four magnetic resonance imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD; lacunes, microbleeds, white matter hyperintensities, and enlarged perivascular spaces [ePVSs]).METHODSWe used PallorMetrics to quantify optic disc pallor from fundus photographs, and pRNFL thickness from optical coherence tomography scans. Linear and logistic regression assessed relationships between retinal measures and SVD markers. Participants (N = 108, mean age 51.6) were from the PREVENT Dementia study.RESULTSGlobal optic disc pallor was linked to ePVSs in the basal ganglia in both left (β = 0.12, standard error [SE] = 0.05, P < 0.05) and right eyes (β = 0.13, SE = 0.05, P < 0.05). Associations were also noted in different disc sectors. No pRNFL associations with SVD markers were found.DISCUSSIONOptic disc pallor correlated with ePVSs in the basal ganglia, suggesting retinal examination may be a useful method to study brain health changes related to SVD.Highlights
Optic disc pallor is linked to enlarged perivascular spaces in basal ganglia.
There is no association between peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and cerebral small vessel disease markers.
Optic disc examination could provide insights into brain health.
The sample included 108 midlife adults from the PREVENT Dementia study.
Comparative mitogenomics of marine angelfishes (F: Pomacanthidae)
Authors: Baraf Lauriane M. , Hung Julia Y. , Pratchett Morgan S. , Cowman Peter F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe targeted capture of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) has substantially increased the amount of genetic data available for phylogenomic reconstructions. These capture datasets frequently contain mitochondrial DNA as a by‐product, often in the form of complete mitogenomes. These can be efficiently harvested to expand existing datasets without additional costs. Here, we present new mitochondrial genomes for six marine angelfish species (F: Pomacanthidae), assembled and annotated from off‐target UCE reads. We provide the first comparative analysis of all mitochondrial genomes available for the Pomacanthidae. Results showed that the average length of pomacanthid mitogenomes is 16.8 kbp. Total GC and AT content varied between 44.5% and 46.3%, and 53.7% and 55.5%, respectively. The architecture of angelfish mitogenomes was comparable to that seen in other fish species with 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and the control region. All 13 PCGs evolved under purifying selection, highlighting a high level of selection pressure and gene expression to preserve genetic integrity. The ND6 and ATP8 genes had the highest ratio of non‐synonymous (dN) to synonymous (dS) substitutions, indicating a relaxation of purifying selection constraints. Finally, these newly assembled mitogenomes will allow further investigations of the population genetics, systematics and evolutionary biology of one of the most prominent reef fish family in the aquarium trade.
Microbe surveillance in the amphibian pet trade: Results from a pilot study
Authors: Pearhill R. A. , Gray M. J. , Jones J. , Brinks Z. , Brunner J. L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRegional and global trade of live animals can contribute to the spread and emergence of novel pathogens, including several important pathogens of amphibians. However, understanding the spread or even frequency of infections in large, complex amphibian trade networks has been difficult, in part because businesses tend to be reluctant to participate in surveillance programs. Thus, we developed a novel approach to surveillance in which anonymous participating businesses were sent surveillance kits through a trusted trade advocacy partner, samples were returned to researchers via anonymous prepaid envelopes, and results were provided via a secure website with access regulated by a unique personal identification number (PIN) created by the business. We tested samples for the amphibian pathogens, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), and Ranavirus spp. (Rv), as well as the beneficial microbe, Janthinobacterium lividum (Jliv), using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Out of 120 businesses invited to complete an anonymous socioeconomic survey, 24 volunteered to participate in pathogen surveillance, of which 14 were sent surveillance kits. Eight of these businesses returned samples consisting of swabs collected from amphibians in 78 terrestrial habitats and water filters from 49 aquatic habitats. Copies of a highly conserved vertebrate gene (EBF3N), quantified using qPCR, were consistently low (<100 copies) in returned samples, but similar to those collected by researchers, indicating comparable sample quality. Three samples (from two facilities) had detectable levels of Bd DNA; Bsal, Rv, and Jliv were not detected. This pilot study provides evidence that information about pathogens in pet trade networks can be acquired by developing partnerships with industry, and business participation might be enhanced by ensuring anonymity and inclusion of a trade advocacy partner.
Dynamics of a rocking bridge with two‐sided poundings: A shake table investigation
Authors: Yang Ziqi , Lyu Yang , Chouw Nawawi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDuring strong earthquakes, the footing of a rockable bridge can temporarily and partially separate from the support. This rocking motion can activate rigid‐like motions, reducing the deformation along the height of bridge piers and leading to smaller bending moments. As a result, rockable footing has been considered as a possibility for low‐damage seismic design of structures. For bridges, the seismic‐induced interaction between girders and adjacent abutments can change the structural dynamics due to the impeded girder movements. Although bridges with rockable footing, for example, the South Rangitikei viaduct, have been constructed, research on rockable bridges mainly focused on a single‐segment case. Physical experiments on rockable bridges considering pounding are very limited. In this work, large‐scale shake table experiments were performed on a two‐segment bridge model with abutments. The cases without pounding and with girder‐girder pounding alone were considered as references to help interpret the results. To investigate the consequence of footing rocking, the results of the rockable bridge on a rigid base were compared to that of the fixed‐base bridge. The study reveals that compared to a fixed‐base segment, the girder of a rockable segment is easier to move laterally. This change in dynamics due to rocking leads to less maximum pounding forces and thus reduces the damage potential to girders and abutments.
Geomorphology without borders — The history of the International Association of Geomorphologists (IAG) and reappraisal in the 35th anniversary
Authors: Migoń Piotr , Soldati Mauro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper reviews the history of the International Association of Geomorphologists (IAG), an organization formally established in 1989, but with the foundations laid at the First International Conference on Geomorphology in Manchester in 1985. It recreates the spirit of the 1980s, when the need for more efficient international cooperation on an equal basis was argued for, and outlines steps which led to its setting up. The model of operation of the IAG is presented, emphasizing membership by countries, followed by milestone institutional developments, listing of IAG officers and its Honorary Fellows. Key IAG activities are conferences, projects run by working groups, training and support programmes for early career geomorphologists, and publications. A summary of major achievements and challenges for the future concludes the paper.
Shapley‐value‐based forecast combination
Authors: Franses Philip Hans , Zou Jiahui , Wang Wendun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper puts forward a new and simple method to combine forecasts, which is particularly useful when the forecasts are strongly correlated. It is based on the Mincer Zarnowitz regression, and a subsequent determination using Shapley values of the weights of the forecasts in a new combination. For a stylized case, it is proved that such a Shapley‐value‐based combination improves upon an equal‐weight combination. Simulation experiments and a detailed illustration show the merits of the Shapley‐value‐based forecast combination.
Learning from small data sets: Patch‐based regularizers in inverse problems for image reconstruction
Authors: Piening Moritz , Altekrüger Fabian , Hertrich Johannes , Hagemann Paul , Walther Andrea , Steidl Gabriele 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe solution of inverse problems is of fundamental interest in medical and astronomical imaging, geophysics as well as engineering and life sciences. Recent advances were made by using methods from machine learning, in particular deep neural networks. Most of these methods require a huge amount of data and computer capacity to train the networks, which often may not be available. Our paper addresses the issue of learning from small data sets by taking patches of very few images into account. We focus on the combination of model‐based and data‐driven methods by approximating just the image prior, also known as regularizer in the variational model. We review two methodically different approaches, namely optimizing the maximum log‐likelihood of the patch distribution, and penalizing Wasserstein‐like discrepancies of whole empirical patch distributions. From the point of view of Bayesian inverse problems, we show how we can achieve uncertainty quantification by approximating the posterior using Langevin Monte Carlo methods. We demonstrate the power of the methods in computed tomography, image super‐resolution, and inpainting. Indeed, the approach provides also high‐quality results in zero‐shot super‐resolution, where only a low‐resolution image is available. The article is accompanied by a GitHub repository containing implementations of all methods as well as data examples so that the reader can get their own insight into the performance.
Non‐Pharmacological Interventions in the Management of Dementia‐Related Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Burnand Alice , Rookes Tasmin , Mahmood Farah , Davies Nathan , Walters Kate , Orleans‐Foli Stephen , Sajid Madiha , Vickerstaff Victoria , Frost Rachael 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAs populations age globally, there is an increasing prevalence of dementia, with an estimated 153 million living with dementia by 2050. Up to 70% of people with dementia experience dementia‐related psychosis (D‐RP). Antipsychotic medications are associated with many adverse effects in older people. This review aims to evaluate the evidence of non‐pharmacological interventions in managing D‐RP.MethodThe search of Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane included randomised controlled trials that evaluated non‐pharmacological interventions. Data extraction and assessment of quality were assessed independently by two researchers. Heterogenous interventions were pooled using meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 18 articles (n = 2040 participants) were included and categorised into: sensory‐, activity‐, cognitive‐ and multi‐component‐orientated. Meta‐analyses showed no significant impact in reducing hallucinations or delusions but person‐centred care, cognitive rehabilitation, music therapy, and robot pets showed promise in single studies.Conclusions and ImplicationsFuture interventions should be developed and evaluated with a specific focus on D‐RP as this was not the aim for many of the included articles.
Principled Conscientious Provision: Referral Symmetry and Its Implications for Protecting Secular Conscience
Authors: Brummett Abram L. , Hafen Tanner , Navin Mark C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract“Conscientious provision” refers to situations in which clinicians wish to provide legal and professionally accepted treatments prohibited within their (usually Catholic) health care institutions. It mirrors “conscientious objection,” which refers to situations in which clinicians refuse to provide legal and professionally accepted treatments offered within their (usually secular) health care institutions. Conscientious provision is not protected by law, but conscientious objection is. In practice, this asymmetry privileges conservative religious or moral values (usually associated with objection) over secular moral values (usually associated with provision). In this article, we first argue for a legal right to one kind of conscientious provision: referral for procedures prohibited at Catholic hospitals. We then argue that a premise in that argument—the principle of comparably trivial institutional burdens—justifies legal protections for some additional forms of conscientious provision that include, for example, writing prescriptions for contraception or medical abortions. However, this principle cannot justify legal protections for other forms of conscientious provision, for instance, the right to perform surgical abortions or gender‐affirming hysterectomies at Catholic hospitals.
Peer review for handoff education in a transition to residency course: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Trehan Rajiv , Chen Catherine , Bhalla Raman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAssociation of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) mandate training in handoff delivery for students and residents. Communication errors, including errors during handoffs of patient care, account for over 2/3 of sentinel events. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of peer‐assisted learning (PAL) in handoff education within a longitudinal framework.MethodsThis study involved the analysis of fourth‐year medical students (n = 67) enrolled in a transition to residency program designed to reinforce skills essential for success in internal medicine residencies. We modified the I‐PASS handoff rubric for a single‐encounter evaluation. Before attending the transitions of care workshop, students submitted one written handoff report. During high‐fidelity simulation sessions, peers evaluated the written document as well as verbal handoffs, while faculty evaluated a recorded verbal version. The primary outcome measured was improvement in handoff quality and accuracy over time and secondary outcomes compared peer‐ and self‐evaluations to faculty assessments.ResultsOverall, students demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in handoff quality and accuracy across all scoring criteria after completing the peer evaluation process. Peer evaluations did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in scores for quality or accuracy questions as compared to faculty.ConclusionPeer evaluators effectively assessed handoff reports using the modified I‐PASS checklist yielding outcomes similar to faculty while providing feedback. These findings provide exciting evidence that should prompt training programs to consider incorporating standardized peer review into handoff education for medical students and, potentially, residents. The detailed evaluation of individual handoff events fosters feedback skills essential for ongoing professional growth and clinical excellence.
Bone healing under different lay‐up configuration of carbon fiber‐reinforced PEEK composite plates
Authors: Sabik Agnieszka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSecondary healing of fractured bones requires an application of an appropriate fixator. In general, steel or titanium devices are used mostly. However, in recent years, composite structures arise as an attractive alternative due to high strength to weight ratio and other advantages like, for example, radiolucency. According to Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the only unidirectionally reinforced composite allowed to be implanted in human bodies is carbon fiber (CF)‐reinforced poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK). In this work, the healing process of long bone assembled with CF/PEEK plates with cross‐ and angle‐ply lay‐up configurations is studied in the framework of finite element method. The healing is simulated by making use of the mechanoregulation model basing on the Prendergast theory. Cells transformation is determined by the octahedral shear strain and interstitial fluid velocity. The process runs iteratively assuming single load cycle each day. The fracture is subjected to axial and transverse forces. In the computations, the Abaqus program is used. It is shown that the angle‐ply lamination scheme of CF/PEEK composite seems to provide better conditions for the transformation of the soft callus into the bone tissue.
The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at Central Mississippi River Basin
Authors: Abendroth Lori J. , Schreiner‐McGraw Adam P. , Ransom Curtis J. , Baffaut Claire , Sudduth Kenneth A. , Veum Kristen S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Central Mississippi River Basin (CMRB) Common Experiment, with its marginal soils and southern Corn Belt climate, is an ideal location for evaluating progress toward environmental, productivity, and climatic adaptation goals. Sustainable production with conventional row‐crop systems is more challenging than in the upper Corn Belt, making evaluation and adoption of alternative farming practices crucial. This Common Experiment has a hydrologically restrictive layer causing reduced plant available water capacity in the root zone. The CMRB site joined the Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research network in 2011 with the Cropland Common Experiment established in 2015. The Common Experiment contrasts prevailing and alternative practices at plot and field scale. Improvement of the soil ecosystem is key, as it underpins other objectives, including reduced nutrient losses, increased soil water holding capacity, and yield stability.
Assessing the acceptability and appropriateness of a psychoeducational graphic novel about inherited cancer risk designed for men
Authors: Dean Marleah , Boumis Josephine K. , Zhong Lingzi , Ingle Alexis , Campbell‐Salome Gemme , Davidson Lindy Grief , Scherr Courtney L. , Brown Shana‐Kay , Cragun Deborah L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMen with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes are at an increased lifetime risk for developing breast cancer, prostate cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Men report that managing clinical care is challenging because they are under‐informed about their cancer risks. As the demand for genetic testing has increased, so too has the need to relay accurate and relatable genetic health information. This research developed and assessed the acceptability and appropriateness of a psychoeducational graphic novel designed for men to improve their cancer risk knowledge, manage their cancer‐related uncertainty, and increase their intent to disclose their BRCA1/2 risks to family members and healthcare providers. Through purposive and snowball sampling, men (n = 20) and certified genetic counselors (CGCs; n = 15) participated in semi‐structured interviews assessing the acceptability and appropriateness of the graphic novel. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. Both reported that the graphic novel confirmed risk information provided helpful resources, included relatable storylines, and had a unique visual appeal. Some men remained unsure about how to perform recommended screenings and how to talk to family members, particularly children, about BRCA1/2 test results after assessing the graphic novel. CGCs also discussed the helpfulness of the graphic novel for their practice. Given that this psychoeducational graphic novel was appealing to men and CGCs, it shows promise as an acceptable approach that may assist men in managing their cancer risks and communicating their genetic risk information to family members and healthcare providers.
Dense circuit graphs and the planar Turán number of a cycle
Authors: Shi Ruilin , Walsh Zach , Yu Xingxing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTheplanar Turán numberof a graph is the maximum number of edges in an ‐vertex planar graph without as a subgraph. Let denote the cycle of length . The planar Turán number is known for . We show that dense planar graphs with a certain connectivity property (known as circuit graphs) contain large near triangulations, and we use this result to obtain consequences for planar Turán numbers. In particular, we prove that there is a constant so that for all and . When this bound is tight up to the constant and proves a conjecture of Cranston, Lidický, Liu, and Shantanam.