bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host‐specific thermal profiles affect fitness of a widespread pathogen
Authors: Stevenson Lisa A. , Roznik Elizabeth A. , Alford Ross A. , Pike David A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHost behavior can interact with environmental context to influence outcomes of pathogen exposure and the impact of disease on species and populations. Determining whether the thermal behaviors of individual species influence susceptibility to disease can help enhance our ability to explain and predict how and when disease outbreaks are likely to occur. The widespread disease chytridiomycosis (caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd) often has species‐specific impacts on amphibian communities; some host species are asymptomatic, whereas others experience mass mortalities and population extirpation. We determined whether the average natural thermal regimes experienced by sympatric frog species in nature, in and of themselves, can account for differences in vulnerability to disease. We did this by growing Bd under temperatures mimicking those experienced by frogs in the wild. At low and high elevations, the rainforest frogs Litoria nannotis, L. rheocola, and L. serrata maintained mean thermal regimes within the optimal range for pathogen growth (15–25°C). Thermal regimes for L. serrata, which has recovered from Bd‐related declines, resulted in slower pathogen growth than the cooler and less variable thermal regimes for the other two species, which have experienced more long‐lasting declines. For L. rheocola and L. serrata, pathogen growth was faster in thermal regimes corresponding to high elevations than in those corresponding to low elevations, where temperatures were warmer. For L. nannotis, which prefers moist and thermally stable microenvironments, pathogen growth was fastest for low‐elevation thermal regimes. All of the thermal regimes we tested resulted in pathogen growth rates equivalent to, or significantly faster than, rates expected from constant‐temperature experiments. The effects of host body temperature on Bd can explain many of the broad ecological patterns of population declines in our focal species, via direct effects on pathogen fitness. Understanding the functional response of pathogens to conditions experienced by the host is important for determining the ecological drivers of disease outbreaks.
Assessment of WENO schemes for multi‐dimensional Euler equations using GPU
Authors: Darian Hossein Mahmoodi , Esfahanian Vahid 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents a detailed study on the implementation of Weighted Essentially Non‐Oscillatory (WENO) schemes on GPU. GPU implementation of up to ninth‐order accurate WENO schemes for the multi‐dimensional Euler equations of gas dynamics is presented. The implementation detail is discussed in the paper. The computational times of different schemes are obtained and the speedups are reported for different number of grid points. Furthermore, the execution times for the main kernels of the code are given and compared with each other. The numerical experiments show the speedups for the WENO schemes are very promising especially for fine grids. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatty acid profile of gamma‐irradiated and cooked African oil bean seed (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth)
Authors: Olotu Ifeoluwa , Enujiugha Victor , Obadina Adewale , Owolabi Kikelomo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe safety and shelf‐life of food products can be, respectively, ensured and extended with important food‐processing technologies such as irradiation. The joint effect of cooking and 10 kGy gamma irradiation on the fatty acid composition of the oil of Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth was evaluated. Oils from the raw seed, cooked seeds, irradiated seeds (10 kGy), cooked, and irradiated seeds (10 kGy) were extracted and analyzed for their fatty acid content. An omega‐6‐fatty acid (linoleic acid) was the principal unsaturated fatty acid in the bean seed oil (24.6%). Cooking significantly (P < 0.05) increased Erucic acid by 3.3% and Linolenic acid by 23.0%. Combined treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased C18:2, C6:0, C20:2, C18:3, C20:3, C24:0, and C22:6 being linoleic, caproic, eicosadienoic, linolenic, eicosatrienoic, ligoceric, and docosahexaenoic acid, respectively, and this increase made the oil sample to have the highest total fatty acid content (154.9%), unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (109.6), and unsaturated fatty acid content (153.9%). 10 kGy irradiation induces the formation of C20:5 (eicosapentaenoic), while cooking induced the formation of C20:4 (arachidic acid), C22:6 (Heneicosanoic acid), and C22:2 (docosadienoic acid). Combined 10 kGy cooking and irradiation increased the susceptibility of the oil of the African oil bean to rancidity.
On the Pass‐Through of Exchange Rate Fluctuations to the Macroeconomy: Imports in Developing and Advanced Countries
Authors: Kandil Magda 
Published: October 2014

AbstractUsing annual data, the paper studies the time‐series evidence regarding the allocation of fluctuations in the exchange rate between demand components, real growth and price inflation in a sample of developing and advanced countries. Subsequently, cross‐country correlations establish the relevance of fluctuations in imports to the pass‐through channel of exchange rate fluctuations to economic activity. Further, the evidence evaluates the direct effects of fluctuations in the nominal values of imports on price inflation and real growth. Cross‐country regressions evaluate the effects of variation in the average and variability of exchange rate fluctuations on import growth. Subsequently, variation in indicators of macroeconomic performance (real growth, price inflation and the growth of private consumption and investment) is evaluated with respect to variation in the exchange rate and/or import growth. In developing countries, the evidence indicates the relevance of fluctuations in import growth to the transmission mechanism of exchange rate fluctuations to the macroeconomy. Where this relationship dominates, fluctuations in the exchange rate are no longer significant to the difference in macroeconomic indicators, having controlled for variation in import growth across countries. In advanced countries, import fluctuations may be transmitted to economic activity, further to fluctuations in the exchange rate, in line with variations in terms of trade. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antigen Expression Patterns of Plasma Cell Myeloma: An Association of Cytogenetic Abnormality and International Staging System (ISS) for Myeloma
Authors: Shin Sang‐Yong , Lee Seung‐Tae , Kim Hee‐Jin , Kim Suk Jin , Kim Kihyun , Kang Eun Suk , Kim Sun‐Hee 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundImmunophenotyping of plasma cell has become an important diagnostic tool for plasma cell myeloma. There have been a few studies for association of antigen expression and cytogenetic abnormality of plasma cell myeloma.MethodsA total of 68 symptomatic/smoldering plasma cell myeloma case were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry using CD38 and CD138 for primary gating of plasma cells. A conventional cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies for detection of del(13q) or aneuploidy, del(17p), and IGH/FGFR translocation were done. We statistically analyzed the association of antigen expression and cytogenetic abnormality/myeloma stage (international staging system for multiple myeloma).ResultsPositive expression of CD19, CD28, CD45, CD56, CD117, and CD274 was detected in 8.8%, 50.0%, 50.0%, 75.0%, 39.7%, and 2.9% of cases, respectively. CD117‐negative cases were associated with hypodiploidy (P = 0.017). CD45‐negative cases were associated with deletion 13 or aneuploidy (P < 0.001) and del(17p)(P = 0.011) by FISH. CD45‐negativity or CD117‐negativity was associated with advanced stage (P = 0.012 and P = 0.016, respectively).ConclusionThe antigen expression patterns of myeloma plasma cell were associated with cytogenetic abnormality and stage.
Does Investment Climate Matter for Firm's Technical Efficiency? An Application to Middle Eastern and North African Manufacturing
Authors: Kinda Tidiane , Plane Patrick , Véganzonès‐Varoudakis Marie‐Ange 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDrawing on World Bank enterprise surveys, this paper shows that investment climate (IC) is correlated with firms' technical efficiency (TE) in eight manufacturing industries of 22 developing countries. Essential aspects of IC include the quality of infrastructure, the experience and education of the labour force, the cost of and access to financing, and different dimensions of government–business relations. The empirical analysis also illustrates that IC deficiencies in many Middle‐East and North‐Africa countries are associated with low TE. The exception is Morocco and, to some extent, Saudi‐Arabia, where the IC and TE rank close to that of the sample's most efficient economies. The paper also highlights that industries more exposed to international competition, as well as small and medium domestic firms, exhibit a higher sensitivity to IC limitations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insights into the organization of plumatellid larvae (lophotrochozoa, Bryozoa) by means of 3D‐imaging and confocal microscopy
Authors: Schwaha Thomas F. , Handschuh Stephan , Redl Emanuel , Wanninger Andreas 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTWithin the Lophotrochozoa, the Bryozoa or Ectoprocta remain one of the phyla whose phylogenetic relation to other lophotrochozoans is still controversely discussed. To complement existing data and to gain more insight into bryozoan character evolution, we analyzed the morphology of the larva of the phylactolaemate Plumatella sp. The larva of Plumatella spp. consists of an outer ciliated mantle that covers two differentiated polypides. The muscular and serotonergic nervous system of the polypides correspond to previous studies. The two polypides and their corresponding buds differ in size, which, together with a comparison among bryozoans, indicates that a single polypide is the basal condition. The whole larval mantle and mantle fold are supplied with circular and longitudinal muscles, the former being more pronounced in the mantle fold. The apical plate on the anterior side contains a diffuse mesh of crossing fibers and thus differs from previous descriptions, which recognized a regular muscular grid. The serotonergic nervous system in the mantle and mantle fold consists of a diffuse basiepidermal nerve net with its highest concentration at the apical plate. Serotonin immunoreactivity so far has not been detected in the mantle fold. However, the presence of other neurotransmitters in the mantle fold shown by previous studies indicates that this nerve net is a common feature of phylactolaemate larvae. The main difference between currently analyzed phylactolaemate larvae seems to be the complexity of the larval mantle musculature, which most likely plays an important role during metamorphosis. This study confirms previous interpretations that the apical plate pole does not correspond to the apical pole of gymnolaemate larvae but to their oral side. Accelerated asexual development on the aboral pole leads to the suggestion that an apical organ is never formed and the apical plate compensates for its absence in the free‐swimming period. J. Morphol. 276:109–120, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulated Study on Effects of Ground Managements on Soil Water and Available Nutrients in Jujube Orchards
Authors: Wang Juan , Huang Jun , Zhao Xining , Wu Pute , Horwath William R. , Li Hongbing , Jing Zilong , Chen Xiaoli 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSoil erosion is a key factor affecting sustainable agriculture on Chinese Loess Plateau. A 2‐year study was conducted on jujube trees in a controlled study to compare effects of clean cultivation (CC) with jujube branch mulch (WJBM), strip white clover cover (SWC), strip shallow tillage (ST), jujube branch mulch under tree canopy + strip white clover cover (JBM + SWC) and jujube branch mulch under tree canopy + strip shallow tillage (JMB + ST). The study was on sloping soil (26·7%) in mesocosms (2·0 m × 0·8 m × 0·8 m) using a rainfall simulator. Runoff volume and sediment yield were significantly larger under CC than other treatments (p < 0·05), and were least under WJBM. Water infiltration under CC was significantly less than other treatments (p < 0·05), while it was the largest under WJBM. The available nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) runoff loss under CC were significantly larger than others (p < 0·05), and least under WJBM. No differences in soil AN, AP and water‐soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentrations were detected among all treatments. The soil AN and WSOC concentration under all treatments decreased during the growing season and slightly increased during fallow, while AP concentrations fluctuated but decreased slowly. The WJBM was the best management in this sloping jujube orchard study. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Back focal plane imaging of Tamm plasmons and their coupled emission
Authors: Chen Yikai , Zhang Douguo , Qiu Dong , Zhu Liangfu , Yu Sisheng , Yao Peijun , Wang Pei , Ming Hai , Badugu Ramachandram , Lakowicz Joseph R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe unique optical properties of Tamm plasmons (TPs) – such as flexible wavevector matching conditions including inplane wavevector within the light line, and existing both S‐ and P‐polarized TPs − facilitate them for direct optical excitation. The Tamm plasmon‐coupled emission (TPCE) from a combined photonic–plasmonic structure sustaining both surface plasmons (SPs) and TPs is described in this paper. The sensitivity of TPCE to the emission wavelength and polarization is examined with back focal plane imaging and verified with the numerical calculations. The results reveal that the excited probe can couple with both TPs and SPs, resulting in surface plasmon‐coupled emission (SPCE) and TPCE, respectively. The TPCE angle is strongly dependent on the wavelength allowing for spectral resolution using different observation angles. These Tamm structures provide a new tool to control the optical emission from dye molecules and have many potential applications in fluorescence‐based sensing and imaging.
Schutz gegen Zahlungsausfälle
Authors: Antje Stephan  
Published: October 2014

AbstractViele Unternehmen verfügen über ein gutes Kundenmanagement. Dass manche Kunden dennoch ihre Rechnung nicht zahlen, passiert immer wieder. Dies kann selbst eine hervorragende Risikosteuerung nicht vorhersagen — aber manche Lieferanten lassen sich dagegen versichern.
Woher die Aufgaben für die Chemieolympiade kommen
Authors: Nick Sabine 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBevor eine Mannschaft aus Deutschland zur internationalen Chemieolympiade aufbricht, stehen in Deutschland vier Auswahlrunden an. Die Aufgaben der ersten Runden dürfen nicht zu leicht zu lösen sein, sollen aber trotzdem Spaß machen. In den letzten Runden müssen die Schüler Lösungsstrategien entwickeln, dafür jede Menge chemische Kenntnisse abrufen können, aber auch viel rechnen.
How to spot a narcissist: Mental health literacy with respect to Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Authors: Wright Kirstie , Furnham Adrian 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTLay people were asked to read one Depression, one Schizophrenia, and three Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) vignettes. After each, they were asked what they thought the problem was for the individuals concerned and to make various ratings. Half of each of the five vignettes were of male, and the other of female, characters. The results demonstrated that laypeople are less likely to suggest help for, and have more difficulty identifying NPD compared to Depression and Schizophrenia. There were differences in the likeliness to suggest help between all three NPD vignettes and differences in the identification of two NPD vignettes possible due to the length and details in different vignettes. The gender of the person in the vignette had no effect on identification. The participants NPI scores were not correlated with the Narcissism literacy suggesting no relationship between having, and spotting, the disorder. Implications and limitations of the research are considered. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A clustering approach based on convergence degree chain for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Kuang Xiao‐Hui , Liu Li , Liu Qiang , Li Xiang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWireless sensor networks (WSNs) play an important role in pervasive and ubiquitous systems. The energy consumption, scalability, stability, and lifetime are still open issues in WSNs. Clustering approach has been considered one of the most effective measures and has received tremendous attention in this research area. But most clustering algorithms of the previous related works adopt the idea of periodically and globally regrouping cluster nodes that may cause the improper energy consumption and link state instability during the clustering procedure. Aiming to decrease energy consumption of sensor node and increase WSNs stability, a novel Energy‐efficient Clustering Approach based on Convergence Degree chain, which is termed as ECACD, is proposed in this paper. ECACD protocol can improve stability of topology by using convergence degree and residual energy for cluster head election, reduce energy consumption of member node by cluster joining policy for cluster formation, and decrease communication cost by rotating cluster head according to convergence degree chain generated at initial stage. Analysis and simulation results show the advantage and effectiveness of our approach in terms of the cluster header characteristics and the network life time. According to the comparison with HEED (Hybrid Energy‐Efficient Distributed clustering), which is an energy‐efficient approach for clustering nodes in sensor networks by periodically selecting cluster heads according to a hybrid of their residual energy and a secondary parameter, ECACD increases the stability and extends the network life by 26% and 85%. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non-monotonic influence of a magnetic field on the electrochemical behavior of Fe78Si9B13 glassy alloy in NaOH and NaCl solutions
Authors: Zhang Hong-di , Li Xiao-yu , Pang Jing , Yin Li-juan , Ma Hai-jian , Li Ying-jie , Liu Yan , Wang Wei-min 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The corrosion behavior and microstructure of Fe78Si9B13 glassy alloy in NaOH and NaCl solutions under a 0.02-T magnetic field were investigated through electrochemical testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The current-density prepeak (PP) in the anodic polarization curves in low-concentration NaOH solutions (classified as type I) tends to disappear when the NaOH concentration is increased to 0.4 mol/L and the magnetic field is applied. Under the magnetic field, the height of the second current-density peak is increased in low-concentration NaOH solutions (type I) but decreased in high-concentration NaOH solutions (type II). The non-monotonic effect of the magnetic field was similarly observed in the case of polarization curves of samples measured in NaCl solutions. Ring-like corroded patterns and round pits are easily formed under the magnetic field in NaOH and NaCl solutions. These experimental results were discussed in terms of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect.
Öffentliche Mundgesundheitspflege
Authors: Petrakakis Pantelis , Sauerland Claudia , Schäfer Michael 
Published: October 2014

Einleitung
Die Zahngesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen hat sich in den letzten 30 Jahren in Deutschland erheblich verbessert. Neben der häuslichen Vorsorge ist dies auf individual- und bevölkerungsbezogene Präventionsmaßnahmen zurückzuführen. Trotz der in Deutschland vorhandenen Strukturen und Angebote zur Zahngesundheitsvorsorge werden insbesondere Kinder in prekären Soziallagen nicht erreicht. Zahnärzte kommunaler Gesundheitsämter erfüllen in diesen Fällen wichtige sozialkompensatorische Funktionen.
Ein Leitbild für soziale Arbeit im ÖGD
Authors: Rappenglück Christian 
Published: October 2014

Einleitung
Die Soziale Arbeit an den Gesundheitsämtern in Bayern hat Bedarf an einer klareren Entwicklungsausrichtung. Deshalb wurde ein Leitbild erstellt. Der Leitbildprozess ist Teil einer Entwicklung, die Soziale Arbeit so aufzustellen, dass sie für Herausforderungen gut gerüstet ist.
Runde Tische, Gesundheitskonferenzen, Gesundheitsregionen – Evolutionsgeschichte eines Projektes des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes
Authors: Roller Gottfried , Wuthe Jürgen 
Published: October 2014

Einleitung
Das Gesundheitssystem in Deutschland steht vor großen Herausforderungen. Es müssen Antworten gegeben werden auf die Fragen, wie eine wohnortnahe, qualitativ hochwertige Gesundheitsversorgung vor Ort auch in Zukunft möglich ist. Das Land Baden-Württemberg hat mit der Gesundheitsstrategie und dem Zukunftsplan Gesundheit frühzeitig auf diese Entwicklung reagiert. Kommunale Gesundheitskonferenzen wurden als ideale Drehscheibe und Koordinationsplattform in nahezu allen Stadt- und Landkreisen etabliert. Ziel ist die strukturelle Verankerung von Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung sowie die bürgernahe und bedarfsorientierte Weiterentwicklung der Gesundheitsversorgung.
Brauchen wir ÖGD-Professuren?
Authors: Wildner Manfred 
Published: October 2014

Einleitung
Die vielfältigen Aufgaben zur Gesunderhaltung der Bevölkerung, der gesundheitlichen Vorsorge, gesundheitlichen Versorgung und zur Schaffung von gesundheitsförderlichen Lebenswelten kann in modernen, hochkomplexen Gesellschaften nicht mehr von einzelnen Akteuren alleine und auch nicht nur durch Überwachung und Kontrolle ins Werk gesetzt werden. Die Einrichtung eigener ÖGD-Professuren durch die Länder ist, auch in Korrektur einer historischen deutschen Anomalie, überfällig.
Medicines management audit cycle, St. Brigid’s Hospital Ballinasloe
Authors: Murphy R. , Grehan G. , Hays V. , Freeman G. , Kerr P. , Fahy S. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesThis audit cycle aimed to identify deficiencies in medicines management in an adult psychiatric hospital. The original audit in 2009 highlighted that a number of improvements were needed to enhance prescribing standards. Following implementation of these recommendations, two reaudits were performed to assess both the improvements in medicines management along with evaluating the newly introduced drug prescription chart.MethodsLocal, national and international guidelines on medicines management were reviewed in 2009, following which an audit tool was designed. Recommendations from the original audit were taken on board with the introduction of a new medication chart. This chart incorporated many of the recommendations from the original audit into it. Two reaudits were then performed, each over 1 day by four assessors and included all inpatient wards.ResultsThe initial audit in 2009 outlined a number of recommendations, namely the introduction of an appropriate ‘fit for purpose’ medication chart, the need for regular postgraduate prescribing education and training and the consideration of a prescribing formulary and/or Drugs & Therapeutics Committee. Results from the reaudits revealed that considerable improvement was made in areas such as patient demographics, pharmacist involvement, generic prescribing, BLOCK capitals, inclusion of Medical Council Registration Number, PRN prescribing and discontinuation procedures.ConclusionAlthough significant improvement was noted, further improvement is required with regards to the need for a review date for PRN medication; the need for improved documentation of allergies, height and weight; and the importance of a working group to assess community medicines management and the need for further reaudits to assess continued improvement in all deficient areas.