bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ammonium Acetate on the Properties of Chemical Bath Deposited CdS Films
Authors: Al-Yafeai Abeer A. , Phok Sovannary , Al-Shaibani Sahar A. , Al-Baity Shifaa M. , Al-Hammadi Esmaeel M. , Hasoon Falah S. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis investigation is a comprehensive study of the effect of ammonium acetate on the electrical, optical, morphology and microstructure of CdS thin films grown by Chemical Bath Deposition method (CBD). Two sets of CdS thin films (A and B) were deposited on glass substrates at 60°C for 60 min. The films were deposited using chemical bath solution that consists of cadmium acetate, ammonium hydroxide, and thiourea. However, ammonium acetate was added into the chemical bath used to deposit set (B), where ammonium acetate was eliminated from bath solution used to deposit set (A). The films’ morphology was examined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), whereas, the chemical composition was investigated by Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (EPMA). The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) θ/2θ technique was applied to study the structure of the films. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the average surface roughness of the films, and Dektak Profilometer was used to determine the CdS films thickness. The optical and electrical properties for the films were determined using UV-Vis-NIR Spectrometer, and the Hall Effect technique, respectively. The highest carrier mobility was obtained for the films deposited in an ammonium acetate free bath. However, both films were polycrystalline with hexagonal structure exhibiting a tendency toward <002> texture, that increase with increasing the pH value of the chemical bath.
Prioritization of Candidate Genes for Periodontitis Using Multiple Computational Tools
Authors: Zhan Yuanbo , Zhang Ruimin , Lv Hongchao , Song Xuejing , Xu Xiaoman , Chai Lin , Lv Wenhua , Shang Zhenwei , Jiang Yongshuai , Zhang Ruijie 
Published: January 2014

Background: Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of periodontitis. Genetic studies identified a variety of candidate genes for periodontitis. The aim of the present study is to identify the most promising candidate genes for periodontitis using an integrative gene ranking method.Methods: Seed genes that were confirmed to be associated with periodontitis were identified using text mining. Three types of candidate genes were then extracted from different resources (expression profiles, genome‐wide association studies). Combining the seed genes, four freely available bioinformatics tools (ToppGene, DIR, Endeavour, and GPEC) were integrated for prioritization of candidate genes. Candidate genes that identified with at least three programs and ranked in the top 20 by each program were considered the most promising.Results: Prioritization analysis resulted in 21 promising genes involved or potentially involved in periodontitis. Among them, IL18 (interleukin 18), CD44 (CD44 molecule), CXCL1 (chemokine [CXC motif] ligand 1), IL6ST (interleukin 6 signal transducer), MMP3 (matrix metallopeptidase 3), MMP7, CCR1 (chemokine [C–C motif] receptor 1), MMP13, and TLR9 (Toll‐like receptor 9) had been associated with periodontitis. However, the roles of other genes, such as CSF3 (colony stimulating factor 3 receptor), CD40, TNFSF14 (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 14), IFNB1 (interferon‐β1), TIRAP (toll–interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein), IL2RA (interleukin 2 receptor α), ETS1 (v‐ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1), GADD45B (growth arrest and DNA‐damage‐inducible 45 β), BIRC3 (baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3), VAV1 (vav 1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor), COL5A1 (collagen, type V, α1), and C3 (complement component 3), have not been investigated thoroughly in the process of periodontitis. These genes are mainly involved in bacterial infection, immune response, and inflammatory reaction, suggesting that further characterizing their roles in periodontitis will be important.Conclusions: A combination of computational tools will be useful in mining candidate genes for periodontitis. These theoretical results provide new clues for experimental biologists to plan targeted experiments.
Three‐Dimensional Defect Evaluation of Air Polishing on Extracted Human Roots
Authors: Sahrmann Philipp , Ronay Valerie , Schmidlin Patrick R. , Attin Thomas , Paqué Frank 
Published: January 2014

Background: Root surfaces experience continuous abrasive instrumentation during lifelong periodontal maintenance. Periodontists need both effective and minimally abrasive debridement techniques. Air polishing devices might, therefore, constitute a good alternative to mechanical instrumentation. Because little is known of the three‐dimensional shape and volume of the abrasion caused by different powders, it is the aim of the study to investigate the three‐dimensional extent of these defects.Methods: Cementum‐covered roots of 20 extracted human premolars were coated with resin caps, leaving four areas with identical diameter open for instrumentation using bicarbonate powder and glycine powder. Treatment times were 5 and 10 seconds in a first interval and 10 seconds in a second interval. Maximum settings were chosen for power and lavage. The teeth were scanned using microcomputed tomography initially and after every treatment interval. Differences in volume and defect depths were calculated by superimposition of the scans and tested for significance (Wilcoxon test, P <0.001).Results: Defect volumes (in mm3) presented in medians (interquartile ranges) for the bicarbonate powder after 5, 10, 15, and 20 seconds, respectively, were 0.16 (0.11), 0.28 (0.16), 0.32 (0.18), and 0.41 (0.28), and for glycine powder, 0.00 (0.02), 0.01 (0.05), 0.03 (0.11), and 0.06 (0.1). For each time period, abrasion caused by glycine was significantly lower (five‐ to 20‐fold) compared to defects caused by bicarbonate.Conclusions: In patients with exposed root surfaces, cleaning with bicarbonate powder cannot be recommended. Less abrasive glycine powder, however, demonstrated non‐critical substance loss.
Response of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells to Baicalin
Authors: Pei Zhenhua , Wang Baokui , Zhang Fengqiu , Niu Zhongying , Shi Shenggen , Cannon Richard D. , Mei Li 
Published: January 2014

Background: Periodontitis is the most common cause of tooth loss in adults. Periodontal ligament cell (PLC)–based therapy is considered one of the most promising methods in periodontal tissue regeneration. The traditional Chinese medicine baicalin has been shown to possess antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory activities and enhance cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity. The aim of this study is to investigate the response of human PLCs (HPLCs) to baicalin.Methods: The effect of baicalin on cultured HPLC proliferation was measured with a 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The effect of baicalin on the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL), core binding factor α1 (Cbfα1), and osteocalcin (OC) was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunodetection.Results: Baicalin at a concentration of 0.01 μg/mL promoted HPLC proliferation, upregulated OPG messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression, and downregulated RANKL mRNA and protein expression. In addition to reducing the RANKL/OPG expression ratio significantly, it also increased Cbfα1 and OC mRNA and protein expression.Conclusion: Baicalin showed multifaceted regulation of genes with important roles in tissue growth and differentiation, and thus it has the potential to be a promising candidate for HPLC‐based periodontal regeneration therapy.
CEO Overconfidence, CEO Compensation, and Earnings Manipulation
Authors: Yu Chia-Feng (Jeffrey) 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
In the wake of recent financial crises and corporate failures, chief executive officers (CEOs) are often blamed for their overconfidence leading to earnings manipulation and excessive risks. Why is it then that these overconfident CEOs obtain job offers in the first place? This paper presents a novel explanation for the co-existence of CEO overconfidence and earnings manipulation observed in practice. In an agency model with an external capital market, I identify two potential reasons for a board to hire an overconfident CEO and design a contract that accommodates earnings manipulation: an internal motive, directed at maximizing the ex ante firm value, and an external motive, directed at enhancing the interim market valuation of the firm. The flip side, however, is that the firm can be more likely to become insolvent and bear greater risks of bankruptcy. Some policy implications and limitations are also discussed.
JEL Classifications: D86; G34; M41.
Profiling of Circulating MicroRNAs Reveals Common MicroRNAs Linked to Type 2 Diabetes That Change With Insulin Sensitization
Authors: Ortega Francisco J. , Mercader Josep M. , Moreno-Navarrete José María , Rovira Oscar , Guerra Ester , Esteve Eduardo , Xifra Gemma , Martínez Cristina , Ricart Wifredo , Rieusset Jennifer , Rome Sophie , Karczewska-Kupczewska Monika , Straczkowski Marek , Fernández-Real José Manuel 
Published: January 2014

OBJECTIVE
This study sought to identify the profile of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its response to changes in insulin sensitivity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The circulating miRNA profile was assessed in a pilot study of 12 men: 6 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 6 T2D patients. The association of 10 circulating miRNAs with T2D was cross-sectionally validated in an extended sample of 45 NGT vs. 48 T2D subjects (65 nonobese and 28 obese men) and longitudinally in 35 T2D patients who were recruited in a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled 3-month trial of metformin treatment. Circulating miRNAs were also measured in seven healthy volunteers before and after a 6-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and insulin plus intralipid/heparin infusion.

RESULTS
Cross-sectional studies disclosed a marked increase of miR-140-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-222 and decreased miR-423-5p, miR-125b, miR-192, miR-195, miR-130b, miR-532-5p, and miR-126 in T2D patients. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that miR-140-5p and miR-423-5p contributed independently to explain 49.5% (P &lt; 0.0001) of fasting glucose variance after controlling for confounders. A discriminant function of four miRNAs (miR-140-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-195, and miR-126) was specific for T2D with an accuracy of 89.2% (P &lt; 0.0001). Metformin (but not placebo) led to significant changes in circulating miR-192 (49.5%; P = 0.022), miR-140-5p (−15.8%; P = 0.004), and miR-222 (−47.2%; P = 0.03), in parallel to decreased fasting glucose and HbA1c. Furthermore, while insulin infusion during clamp decreased miR-222 (−62%; P = 0.002), the intralipid/heparin mixture increased circulating miR-222 (163%; P = 0.015) and miR-140-5p (67.5%; P = 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
This study depicts the close association between variations in circulating miRNAs and T2D and their potential relevance in insulin sensitivity.
Risk factors for transfusion-associated complications and nonsurvival in dogs receiving packed red blood cell transfusions: 211 cases (2008–2011)
Authors: Holowaychuk Marie K. , Leader Jessica L. , Monteith Gabrielle 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether the number, volume, or age of transfused packed RBC units; volume of other blood products; or pretransfusion PCV was a risk factor for transfusion-associated complications or nonsurvival in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—211 client-owned dogs receiving stored packed RBC transfusions.
Procedures—Information collected or calculated from the medical record of each dog included the total number, volume, and dose of packed RBC units; mean age of packed RBC units; number of packed RBC units > 14 days old; age of oldest packed RBC unit; volume and dose of other blood products used; pretransfusion PCV; acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation score; transfusion-associated complications; and outcome.
Results—The dose (mL/kg) of other blood products transfused was a risk factor for transfusion-associated complications (OR, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.05). The pretransfusion PCV (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.21) and dose of packed RBCs administered (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.07) were risk factors for nonsurvival. Age of transfused packed RBC units was not identified as a risk factor for transfusion-associated complications or nonsurvival, but the study was statistically underpowered to detect this finding.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of larger doses of other non–packed RBC blood products was a risk factor for transfusion-associated complications, and a higher pretransfusion PCV and larger dose of packed RBCs administered were risk factors for nonsurvival. Prospective randomized studies are needed to determine whether conservative transfusion strategies will reduce transfusion-associated complications and improve outcome in dogs.
Complications after corrective surgery for lateral patellar luxation in dogs: 36 cases (2000–2011)
Authors: Shaver Stephanie L. , Mayhew Kelli N. , Sutton Jessie S. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Runge Jeffrey J. , Brown Dorothy C. , Kass Philip H. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine the frequency and severity of complications after corrective surgery in dogs with lateral patellar luxation (LPL) and identify risk factors for reluxation.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—36 client-owned dogs with 47 affected stifle joints.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs that underwent surgical correction of LPL at 1 of 2 veterinary teaching hospitals between 2000 and 2011 were reviewed. Data analyzed included signalment, grade of luxation, orthopedic comorbidities, surgical procedures performed, frequency and type of complications, and whether a second surgery was performed.
Results—A total of 36 dogs with 47 affected stifle joints met the inclusion criteria. Complications were recorded for 24 of 47 (51.1%) stifle joints; there were major complications for 18 of 47 (38.3%) stifle joints. All complications were confirmed through examination by a veterinarian. The most frequent complication was reluxation, which was detected in 10 of 47 (21.3%) stifle joints. Dogs that underwent bilateral surgical repair during a single anesthetic episode had odds of reluxation that were 12.5 times the odds of reluxation for dogs that underwent unilateral surgical repair.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Complication rate after corrective surgery for LPL was high, with reluxation being the most common complication in this population of dogs. Performing staged bilateral surgeries may decrease the risk of reluxation.
Vital pulp therapy in dogs: 190 cases (2001–2011)
Authors: Luotonen Niina , Kuntsi-Vaattovaara Helena , Sarkiala-Kessel Eva , Junnila Jouni J. T. , Laitinen-Vapaavuori Outi , Verstraete Frank J. M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate factors associated with the outcome of vital pulp therapy (VPT) in dogs.
Design—Retrospective study.
Sample—190 teeth in 138 dogs.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed; radiographs obtained before, immediately after, and during the last available follow-up examination for VPT were evaluated. Treatment was categorized as successful (with radiographic evidence of continued secondary dentin production, continued root formation in immature teeth, and absence of clinical and radiographic signs of apical periodontitis and internal or external inflammatory root resorption), having no evidence of failure (with signs for success fulfilled except the width of the apical periodontal ligament space, which could be wider than but no more than double the width of the periodontal ligament space in other areas), or failed (with radiographic evidence of pulp necrosis, apical periodontitis, or inflammatory root resorption). Associations between diagnostic or treatment-related variables and outcome were assessed with multinomial logistic regression.
Results—Overall, treatment was classified as successful for 162 of 190 (85%) teeth, including 23 (12%) teeth with no evidence of failure, and as having failed for 28 (15%) teeth. The overall success rate was 137 of 149 (92%) for teeth treated with mineral trioxide aggregate alone and 21 of 36 (58%) for teeth treated with Ca(OH)2 alone. Use of Ca(OH)2 and deep penetration of dressing material into the vital pulp were each significantly associated with increased odds of treatment failure.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that VPT with mineral trioxide aggregate was an effective option for use in crown reduction to treat malocclusion and for treatment of recent crown fractures in immature or mature permanent teeth.
Use of hydropulsion for the treatment of superficial corneal foreign bodies: 15 cases (1999–2013)
Authors: Labelle Amber L. , Psutka Kathryn , Collins Sean P. , Hamor Ralph E. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Objective—To describe the use of hydropulsion with sterile isotonic buffered ophthalmic solution (ie, eyewash) for the treatment of superficial corneal foreign bodies in veterinary patients and evaluate signalment, clinical findings, and outcomes following the procedure.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—11 dogs, 2 cats, and 2 horses.
Procedures—Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients that underwent hydropulsion treatment for a superficial, nonpenetrating corneal foreign body confirmed by ophthalmic examination. Data regarding signalment, reason for evaluation, ocular diagnoses, and treatment were recorded. Hydropulsion was performed with a 6-mL syringe filled with eyewash solution and a 25-gauge needle with the needle tip removed. Owners and referring veterinarians of patients that did not have a recheck examination recorded were contacted by telephone for follow-up information.
Results—The corneal foreign body was an incidental finding in 3 of 15 patients. The most common clinical signs included blepharospasm, conjunctival hyperemia, and corneal vascularization. Hydropulsion was successful for foreign body removal in all 15 cases. No complications were observed during or following the procedure. In the 9 patients that had a follow-up examination, the cornea tested negative for retention of topically applied fluorescein (with a mean of 6.3 days from treatment to follow-up). At the time of last follow-up examination or telephone follow-up, no patients were reported to have clinical signs of ocular discomfort or corneal opacity associated with the affected site.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In these patients, hydropulsion was easily performed with readily available materials and was successful for the removal of superficial corneal foreign bodies with no adverse effects.
Early Visean bryozoans from the Shishtu II Member, Shishtu Formation, central Iran
Authors: Tolokonnikova Zoya , Yazdi-Moghadam Mohsen 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Four bryozoan species are described from the upper member (Shishtu II) (Visean, Early Carboniferous=Mississippian) of the Shishtu Formation of central Iran: Nikiforovella ulbensis Nekhoroshev, 1956, Nicklesopora elegantulaformis (Nekhoroshev, 1956), Primorella cf. iranica Gorjunova, 2006, and Nikiforopora intermedia (Nikiforova, 1950). This Visean assemblage shows close palaeogeographical affinities of Iran with Kazakhstan and Russia (eastern Transbaikalia, Kurgan region).
ADVANCED CONCEPT FOR CREATION OF SECURITY HOLOGRAMS / PROGRESĪVĀ KONCEPCIJA AIZSARDZĪBAS HOLOGRAMMAS IZVEIDEI
Authors: Bulanovs A. , Gerbreders S. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A new concept is proposed for digital hologram production along with the relevant techniques developed in our laboratory. The main idea of the concept is to maximally separate the calculation of hologram from its optical recording on the light-sensitive media. A special file format containing information on each holographic pixel is created at the stage of calculation. The file is a device-independent by structure, and can be employed for recording a hologram using any of the existing techniques (dot-matrix, optical matrix lithography, e-beam lithography). An optical lithography device is applied to calculate the images for a spatial light modulator at the stage of hologram recording in accordance with the data from the file and in conformity with the hardware features of the device. The proposed method was tested and successfully used to record security holograms. For commercial use a software package and an optical recording system have been developed.
Changes in Physically-Chemical Parameters of Latvian Cranberries During Storage
Authors: Ruse Karina , Rakcejeva Tatjana , Dukalska Lija , Dimins Fredijs 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The main purpose of the present research was to investigate the changes in physical-chemical parameters of fresh Latvian cranberries during storage. Cranberry (′Steven′, ′Bergman′, ′Pilgrim′, ′Early Black′, and ′Ben Lear′) fruit were collected at a processing plant in Kurzeme region, Latvia, in the first part of October 2010. For the experiments, also wild cranberries were collected in the bogs of the same region and at the same time. The berries were rinsed with tap water for 3±1 min, then strained for 10±1 min (mainly for visual cleanness), and afterwards stored in closed non-perforated polypropylene (PP) boxes in air ambiance and in glass jars in a cold boiled-water ambiance at 3±1 °C. Quality parameters of the berries were tested each three months using standard methods: vitamin C content - by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); organic acids - by HPLC; moisture - by oven-dry method; colour parameters - by device COLOR TEC PMC; pH - by potentiometric method; anthocyanin - by spectrophotometrical method; and phenolic compounds - by HPLC. The shelf life of cranberries packaged in closed PP boxes in air ambiance was six months, but of cranberries packaged in glass jars in water ambiance - 12 months. The research showed that differences in moisture content, pH value, colour intensity, and anthocyanin content among the cranberry cultivars under different ambient conditions during storage were not significant. During 12 months of cranberry storage in glass jars in water ambiance, the content of vitamin C decreased on average by 90%, organic acids - by 54%, and phenolic compounds - by 60%. During six-month storage in closed PP boxes in air ambiance, the content of vitamin C decreased on average by 99%, organic acids - by 30%, and phenolic compounds - by 34%.
Enhancing the Surface Properties of Some Amine Alginate Salts with Cationic Surfactant
Authors: Mohamed Dalia E. , Habib Amr O. , Aiad Ismail 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In this paper different amine alginate salts were prepared by neutralization of alginic acid with amine compounds (triethanol amine, tri-isopropanol amine and hexamine). The chemical structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed using Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface properties of the target surfactants were studied and the surface parameters were determined; including surface tension, critical micelle concentration, maximum surface excess and minimum surface area, with and without addition of dodecytrimethyl ammonium bromide as a co-surfactant. Finally, the standard free energies of micellization and adsorption of the prepared surfactants were calculated. The obtained results indicated that, the adsorption activity of the three prepared alginate salts had increased by addition of very low concentration (0.0005 m/L) of DTAB surfactant, owing to the formation of an electrostatically stabilized Surfactant-Polyelectrolyte Complex.