bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central anticholinergic syndrome vs. idiosyncratic reaction triggered by a small IV dose of atropine
Authors: Cao X. , Cui Y. , White P. F. , Tang J. , Ma H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA 58‐year‐old male was scheduled to undergo radical gastrectomy for cancer under general anesthesia. The patient developed agitation and irregular breathing after receiving a single dose of atropine (0.5 mg) to treat bradycardia immediately prior to induction of anesthesia. Within 5 min after the atropine injection, the patient became unresponsive with facial flushing and diaphoresis. When a drop in oxygen saturation was observed, a laryngeal mask airway was inserted after administering a small bolus dose of propofol (80 mg) and the patient was ventilated with 100% oxygen. Physostigmine was not administered because of the relatively low dose of atropine and the fact that his symptoms were not totally consistent with central anticholinergic syndrome (CAS). The differential diagnosis at the time also included an acute cardiovascular event and an idiosyncratic reaction to atropine. The patient fully recovered within 80 min from this highly unusual reaction to a single 0.5 mg IV dose of atropine.
Critical Appraisal of Emergency Medicine Education Research: The Best Publications of 2014
Authors: Yarris Lalena M. , Juve Amy Miller , Coates Wendy C. , Fisher Jonathan , Heitz Corey , Shayne Philip , Farrell Susan E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to critically appraise and highlight rigorous education research study articles published in 2014 whose outcomes advance the science of emergency medicine (EM) education.MethodsA search of the English language literature in 2014 querying Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), PsychINFO, PubMed, and Scopus identified 243 EM‐related articles using either quantitative (hypothesis‐testing or observational investigations of educational interventions) or qualitative (exploring important phenomena in EM education) methods. Two reviewers independently screened all of the publications using previously established exclusion criteria. Six reviewers then independently scored the 25 selected publications using either a qualitative or a quantitative scoring system. Each scoring system consisted of nine criteria. Selected criteria were based on accepted educational review literature and chosen a priori. Both scoring systems use parallel scoring metrics and have been used previously within this annual review.ResultsTwenty‐five medical education research papers (22 quantitative, three qualitative) met the criteria for inclusion and were reviewed. Five quantitative and two qualitative studies were ranked most highly by the reviewers as exemplary and are summarized in this article.ConclusionsThis annual critical appraisal series highlights seven excellent EM education research studies, meeting a priori criteria and published in 2014. Methodologic strengths in the 2014 papers are noted, and current trends in medical education research in EM are discussed.
Improved detection of disease‐associated variation by sex‐specific characterization and prediction of genes required for fertility
Authors: Ho N. R. Y. , Huang N. , Conrad D. F. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryDespite its great potential, high‐throughput functional genomic data are rarely integrated and applied to characterizing the genomic basis of fertility. We obtained and reprocessed over 30 functional genomics datasets from human and mouse germ cells to perform genome‐wide prediction of genes underlying various reproductive phenotypes in both species. Genes involved in male fertility are easier to predict than their female analogs. Of the multiple genomic data types examined, protein–protein interactions are by far the most informative for gene prediction, followed by gene expression, and then epigenetic marks. As an application of our predictions, we show that copy number variants (CNVs) disrupting predicted fertility genes are more strongly associated with gonadal dysfunction in male and female case–control cohorts when compared to all gene‐disrupting CNVs (OR = 1.64, p < 1.64 × 10−8 vs. OR = 1.25, p < 4 × 10−6). Using gender‐specific fertility gene annotations further increased the observed associations (OR = 2.31, p < 2.2 × 10−16). We provide our gene predictions as a resource with this article.
Oncoplastic surgery for inner quadrant breast cancer: fish‐hook incision rotation flap
Authors: Lee Seokwon , Lee Jeeyeon , Jung Younglae , Bae Youngtae 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn oncoplastic breast surgery, the size and location of the defect are two of the major factors affecting the post‐operative cosmetic outcome after partial mastectomy. We introduce a modified superior‐based dermoglandular rotation flap technique, which can be applied for relatively large tumours and in cases of inner quadrant defects of the breast without surgery of the contralateral breast.MethodsBetween January 2007 and December 2012, a total of 34 female patients with breast cancer underwent breast‐conserving surgery using the ‘fish‐hook incision rotational flap’. A fish‐hook‐shaped skin incision line was designed from an axillary site to the tumour, about 2–3 cm below the skin crease of the inframammary fold. After partial mastectomy, a superior‐based dermoglandular tissue flap was mobilized off the pectoralis major muscle and the lower abdominal flap was dissected downward. The dermoglandular flap was then rotated and the lower dissected lower abdominal flap was advanced in the upward direction to fill the defect and restore the breast shape. The cosmetic results were self‐estimated 12 months after surgery.ResultsMean excised volume of the breast was 23.2 ± 6.1%. The location of the tumours was as follows: upper inner (n = 13, 38.2%) and lower inner quadrant (n = 21, 61.8%). The overall cosmetic satisfaction was self‐estimated as follows: excellent (n = 19, 55.9%); good (n = 10, 29.4%); fair (n = 4, 11.8%); poor (n = 1, 2.9%).ConclusionsThe ‘fish‐hook incision rotation flap’ is a feasible, effective oncoplastic technique that can be applicable to a relatively large defect located in the inner quadrant of the breast.
Magnetic Stimulation of the Spinal Cord: Evaluating the Characteristics of an Appropriate Stimulator
Authors: Cretu Mihaela , Darabant Adrian , Ciupa Radu V. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article aims to determine the necessary characteristics of a magnetic stimulator, capable of stimulating neural tracts of the spinal cord in a healthy subject. Our previous preliminary tests had shown that the commercial clinical magnetic stimulator Magstim Rapid2 was unable to reach excitable structures within the spinal cord, and only adjacent spinal nerves could be activated with the maximal deliverable field strength. In a subsequent modeling study, we were able to show that the “figure eight”‐shaped commercial coil could be one reason for, in this particular application, insufficient reach of the magnetic field, and substantial improvements could be gained by alternative geometrical arrangement of the windings of the magnetic coils. A further outcome was that a substantially higher driving voltage for the coil would be necessary to achieve activation of neural tracts within the spinal cord.
The Relationship Between Activity Pattern and Muscle Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Jarvis Jonathan C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMuscle is highly plastic in terms of size (maximum force), speed, maximum power, and endurance. Well‐controlled studies in animals have shown that the adult skeletal muscle fiber has a remarkable ability to modify its gene expression so that with long‐term substantial changes in the daily activity pattern the contractile phenotype can be modified across the whole spectrum of fiber type found in control muscle. The contractile phenotype in this context includes the isoform content of myosin and therefore the maximum velocity of shortening, the mitochondrial content and therefore the specific force and aerobic capacity (endurance), and the calcium handling proteins and therefore the speed of activation and relaxation. With voluntary exercise in human subjects, similar responses are observed, although the degree of transformation is restricted by the practical limitations of exercise dosing to changes in mitochondrial activity and muscle size rather than the more profound changes in contractile protein isoform that can be induced with artificial activation over a substantial proportion of the day.
Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Performance of Platinum Electrodes Within the Ninety‐Nine‐Electrode Stimulating Nerve Cuff
Authors: Pečlin Polona , Mehle Andraž , Karpe Blaž , Rozman Janez 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe trend in neural prostheses using selective nerve stimulation for electrical stimulation therapies is headed toward single‐part systems having a large number of working electrodes (WEs), each of which selectively stimulate neural tissue or record neural response (NR). The present article reviews the electrochemical and electrophysiological performance of platinum WE within a ninety‐nine‐electrode spiral cuff for selective nerve stimulation and recording of peripheral nerves, with a focus on the vagus nerve (VN). The electrochemical properties of the WE were studied in vitro using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The equivalent circuit model (ECM) of the interface between the WE and neural tissue was extracted from the EIS data and simulated in the time domain using a preset current stimulus. Electrophysiological performance of in‐space and fiber‐type highly selective vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was tested using an isolated segment of a porcine VN and carotid artery as a reference. A quasitrapezoidal current‐controlled pulse (stimulus) was applied to the VN or arterial segment using an appointed group of three electrodes (triplet). The triplet and stimulus were configured to predominantly stimulate B‐fibers and minimize the stimulation of A‐fibers. The EIS results revealed capacitive charge transfer predominance, which is a highly desirable property. Electrophysiological performance testing indicated the potential existence of certain parameters and waveforms of the stimulus for which the contribution of the A‐fibers to the NR decreased slightly and that of the B‐fibers increased slightly. Findings show that the design of the stimulating electrodes, based on the EIS and ECM results, could act as a useful tool for nerve cuff development.
Lacustrine sedimentological and geochemical records for the last 170 years of climate and environmental changes in southeastern China
Authors: Selvaraj Kandasamy , Lin Bao Zhi , Lou Jiann‐Yuh , Xia Wei Lan , Huang Xiang Tong , Chen Chen‐Tung A. 
Published: October 2015

Reconstruction of modern climate and environmental changes in east Asia using inland natural climate archives can provide valuable insights on decadal–multidecadal climate and environmental patterns that are probably related to both natural and anthropogenic forcing. Here we investigated an 89‐cm‐long sediment core (TH1) from Tian Lake, southeastern China, for sedimentological, physical and geochemical parameters in order to understand climate and environmental changes for the latest two centuries. 137Cs‐ and 210Pb‐based age models show that the fine sand–coarse silt‐dominated core contains ~170 years (c. AD 1842–2011) of continuous sedimentation. Sediments with fine sands, low MS values, high water content, high TOC content and a high C:N ratio from c. AD 1842 to 1897 suggest intense hydrological conditions and strong runoff in the catchment, probably because of a humid climate. From AD 1897 to 1990, sediments with very fine sand and coarse silt, high MS values, low water content and unchanged TOC and C:N ratios indicate normal hydrological conditions and in‐lake algae‐derived organic matter. During this interval, the chemical weathering indicators show stronger weathering conditions compared with sediments deposited during AD 1842–1897, supporting the dominance of weathered surface soil input in the earlier interval and physical erosion dominance in the later period, respectively. Since AD 1990, the continuous decrease of geochemical proxies suggests human‐interacted Earth surface processes in the catchment of Tian Lake. A PCA revealed four dominant geochemical controlling factors – detrital input, trophic status, grain size and early diagenesis –, accounting for 26, 20, 18 and 16% of total variance, respectively. This study for the first time provides lacustrine geochemical evidence for the most recent two centuries of climate and environmental changes in coastal southeastern China, a region that is currently undergoing an inversion of critical zone, i.e. an overturning of its soil profile, owing to swift modernization.
Introduction: Looked‐after children
Authors: Pinto Carmen , Woolgar Matt 
Published: October 2015

Looked‐after children (LAC) (also known as children in care) are among the most vulnerable group in our society. This is in terms of their risk of a range of poor outcomes including mental health, educational attainment and social wellbeing (Meltzer, Gatward, Corbin, Goodman, & Ford, 2003). Over the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that LAC have a higher prevalence of mental health problems than the general population, including children living with their families in ‘high‐risk’ populations. These children present with high rates of, not only emotional and behavioural problems, but also neurodevelopmental problems. The present Virtual Issue focusing on the mental health of this group of young people brings together research published in CAMH over the past 15 years.
Is Migraine Surgery Ready for Prime Time? The Surgical Team's View
Authors: Guyuron Bahman 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundBased on unsolicited reports by patients that their headaches had ceased or reduced following forehead rejuvenation, our team began stepwise and logical studies to investigate the efficacy of surgery as a potential preventive modality for selected patients with migraine headaches (MH). The purpose of this report is to summarize the pertinent studies demonstrating the efficacy of surgical decompression trigger sites of migraine trigger sites.MethodsThese studies included a retrospective, a prospective pilot, a prospective randomized study with a control arm, a prospective randomized study with sham surgery, and a 5‐year follow‐up. There were 3 reputable and respected neurologists who specialize in headaches, an expert biostatistician, 13 residents, and 10 medical students involved in these studies.ResultsIn our retrospective study, of the 249 patients, 39 confirmed having MH prior to the surgery, and 31 (P < .0001) experienced either complete elimination or significant improvement (at least 50% reduction) of their MH. In our prospective pilot study, 21 of the 22 patients noted a significant improvement (P < .001). In our prospective randomized study, 82 of 89 (92%) observed at least 50% improvement in the frequency, intensity, and duration of MH (P < .00001). Sixty‐one of 69 (88%) patients in this study who were followed for 5 years persisted to have significant improvement after 5 years (P < .0001). In our randomized study involving sham surgery, 21 of the 49 (83%) patients benefitted from the real surgery compared to 15 of 26 (56%) patients in the sham surgery group (P = .014). While 28 (57%) patients in the real surgery group observed complete elimination, only 1 patient in the sham surgery group reported elimination (P < .0001).ConclusionsThis report discusses the facts surrounding the discovery of this surgery, demonstrates accuracy of our studies and effectiveness of the proposed surgeries and dispels some of the unfounded assertions trying to discredit the research that we have conducted over 14 years.
Migraine Trigger Site Surgery is All Placebo
Authors: McGeeney Brian E. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundOver the last decade surgical treatments for migraine involving proposed trigger sites have been described and popularized by plastic surgeons in particular. Various related techniques aim to free up “trigger sites” by removal of small facial muscles or “decompressing” small facial nerves.DiscussionThe basis for migraine trigger site surgery is without merit. There is one positive placebo controlled study with many limitations. Natural history and placebo mechanisms explain the outcomes from migraine surgery. The American Headache Society recommends that the migraine surgery not be performed outside of a clinical trial.ConclusionMigraine trigger site surgery should not be performed.
Eradication Rates of Helicobacter pylori in Korea Over the Past 10 years and Correlation of the Amount of Antibiotics Use: Nationwide Survey
Authors: Shin Woon Geon , Lee Sang Woo , Baik Gwang Ho , Huh Kyu Chan , Lee Sang In , Chung Jun‐Won , Jung Woon Tae , Park Moo In , Jung Hye‐kyung , Kim Heung Up , Kim Jeong Hwan , Seol Sang Young , Yoon Soon Man , Jeon Seong Woo , Hong Su Jin , Kim Gwang Ha , Lee Dong Ho , Kim Hyun Soo , Choi Suck Chei , Kang Hee Mo , Lee Joongyub , Kim Jae Gyu , Kim Jae J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of proton‐pump inhibitor–amoxicillin–clarithromycin therapy for H. pylori eradication has decreased over time.ObjectiveWe assessed the trend of H. pylori eradication rates over the last 10 years and the relationship between the eradication rates and the amount of macrolide antibiotic use in a country with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection.MethodsThis vast nationwide multicenter study was conducted with 34,139 adults treated for H. pylori infection from January 2001 to December 2010. The defined daily dose per km2 (DSD) of macrolide antibiotics was calculated (n = 141,019) using the Health Insurance Review & Assessment data base from 2008 to 2010 in the two cities which had the lowest (Jeju city) or highest (Chuncheon city) eradication rate.ResultsThe eradication rates of proton‐pump inhibitor–amoxicillin–clarithromycin therapy ranged 84.9–87.5% from 2001 to 2007, and those of 2008 to 2010 ranged 80.0–81.4% with a decreasing trend (p < 0.0001). The decreasing trend of eradication rates for the overall first‐line therapy was observed only in three of the seven geographic areas in Korea (p < 0.0001). The DSD of macrolide antibiotics was significantly higher in Jeju than Cheunchon city (0.85 vs 0.52, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsH. pylori eradication rates with clarithromycin‐containing triple therapy in Korea showed a decreasing trend over the past 10 years, although the trend varied among geographic areas. This difference may be associated with the amount of macrolide antibiotic use.
Nail lichen striatus: report of seven cases and review of the literature
Authors: Kim Miri , Jung Hwa Young , Eun Young Sun , Cho Baik Kee , Park Hyun Jeong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundNail involvement in lichen striatus (LS) is rare and has not been documented extensively.ObjectivesThis study describes the clinical and histological features, response to treatment, and follow‐up in seven patients with nail LS.MethodsWe reviewed seven cases of nail LS between 2006 and 2012 at the Dermatology Department, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.ResultsThe median patient age was 11 years (range: 4–33 years), and the female:male ratio was 3:4. All patients had both typical skin lesions and nail abnormalities. In these cases, LS usually involved a single digit (n = 5). The most common nail change was longitudinal fissuring (n = 4). We actively treated both skin and nail lesions from the time of diagnosis. Most nail lesions resolved within a mean of four months of the initiation of treatment.ConclusionsNail involvement in LS is rare; this case series highlights the associated nail changes. We emphasize that early accurate diagnosis and treatment may be beneficial in reducing nail deformities in patients with nail involvement.
Promotion of acute‐phase skin wound healing by Pseudomonas aeruginosaC4‐HSL
Authors: Kanno Emi , Kawakami Kazuyoshi , Miyairi Shinichi , Tanno Hiromasa , Suzuki Aiko , Kamimatsuno Rina , Takagi Naoyuki , Miyasaka Tomomitsu , Ishii Keiko , Gotoh Naomasa , Maruyama Ryoko , Tachi Masahiro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum‐sensing system, which produces N‐(3‐oxododecanoyl)‐l‐homoserine lactone (3‐oxo‐C12‐HSL) and N‐butanoyl‐l‐homoserine lactone (C4‐HSL), regulates the virulence factors. In our previous study, 3‐oxo‐C12‐HSL, encoded by lasI gene, was shown to promote wound healing. However, the effect of C4‐HSL, encoded by rhlI gene, remains to be elucidated. We addressed the effect of C4‐HSL on wounds in P. aeruginosa infection. Wounds were created on the backs of Sprague–Dawley SD rats, and P. aeruginosa PAO1 (PAO1) or its rhlI deletion mutant (ΔrhlI) or lasI deletion mutant (ΔlasI) was inoculated onto the wound. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with anti‐C4‐HSL antiserum or treated with C4‐HSL at the wound surface. PAO1 inoculation led to significant acceleration of wound healing, which was associated with neutrophil infiltration and TNF‐α synthesis. These responses were reversed, except for TNF‐α production, when ΔrhlI was inoculated instead of PAO1 or when rats were co‐treated with PAO1 and anti‐C4‐HSL antiserum. In contrast, the healing process and neutrophil infiltration, but not TNF‐α synthesis, were accelerated when C4‐HSL was administered in the absence of PAO1. This acceleration was not affected by anti‐TNF‐α antibody. These results suggest that C4‐HSL may be involved in the acceleration of acute wound healing in P. aeruginosa infection by modifying the neutrophilic inflammation.
Simultaneous Measurement of Intracellular Ca2+ and Asynchronous Transmitter Release from the same Crayfish Bouton
Authors: Ravin R. , Spira M. E. , Parnas H. , Parnas I. 
Published: October 2015

A technique has been developed to monitor neurotransmitter release simultaneously with intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in single release boutons whose diameters range from 3 to 5 μm.
Using this technique, we have found a highly non‐linear relationship between the rate of asynchronous release and [Ca2+]i. The Hill coefficient lies between 3 and 4.
The affinity (Kd) of the putative release‐related Ca2+ receptor for asynchronous release was calculated to be in the range of 2–4 μm.
The same range of values of Hill coefficient and Kd were obtained when [Ca2+]i was elevated both by bath application of ionomycin and by repetitive stimulation at high frequency.
Our results show that the Ca2+ receptor(s) associated with asynchronous release exhibits high affinity for Ca2+.
The Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Depression and Low Self‐Esteem in the Context of Pediatric Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS/ME): A Case Study
Authors: Loades Maria 
Published: October 2015

ProblemUp to one in three young people with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME) also has depressive symptoms. It is not known how best to treat young people with this comorbidity.MethodThis case report seeks to describe and discuss the use of a cognitive behavioral approach for depression and low self‐esteem in a 16‐year‐old girl with CFS/ME.Findings/ConclusionTherapy was effective in remediating the young person's mood difficulties, but appeared to exacerbate their CFS/ME symptoms. Therefore, it is crucial that CFS/ME and mood treatments are designed and trialed to ensure a complementary approach. Good communication and joint working between involved professionals is also important, and ideally, treatments for mood and for CFS/ME would be provided by the same team to facilitate this.