bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of hypoxia-related markers in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the head and neck
Authors: Wang Kui-Rong , Jiang Tao , Wu Ting-Ting , Zhou Shui-Hong , Yao Hong-Tian , Wang Qin-Ying , Lu Zhong-Jie 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
The etiology of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) is controversial and the prognosis is unpredictable. Previous studies have not investigated the expression of hypoxia-related markers in IMTs.

Methods
Between 2002 and 2012, 12 consecutive patients with histologically proven IMTs were enrolled in the study. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect GLUT-1, HIF-1α, PI3K, and p-Akt expression in paraffin-embedded tumor specimens. Associations among GLUT-1, HIF-1α, PI3K, and p-Akt protein expression and clinical parameters were investigated.

Results
The mean duration of follow-up was 52.1 months (range, 11 to 132 months). Six patients had local recurrence. GLUT-1, HIF-1α, PI3K, and p-Akt expression were detected in 41.7%, 50.0%, 33.3%, and 41.7% of patients, respectively. Fisher’s exact test revealed significant correlations between recurrence of IMT and PI3K expression (P = 0.01) and p-Akt expression (P = 0.015). Univariate analyses revealed significant correlations between survival and GLUT-1 expression (P = 0.028), PI3K expression (P = 0.006), and p-Akt expression (P = 0.028). Multivariate analysis did not show a significant relationship between survival and GLUT-1, HIF-1α, PI3K, or p-Akt. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed significant correlations between HIF-1α and PI3K expression (r = 0.707, P = 0.01) and between p-Akt and PI3K expression (r = 0.837, P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Although our results are inconclusive owing to the small sample size, they suggest that PI3K and p-Akt expression may play a role in the recurrence of IMTs of the head and neck.
The Festuco-Brometea Grasslands on Sandstone and Marl-Clay-Sandstone Substrata in Tuscany (Northern-Central Italy)
Authors: Foggi Bruno , Lastrucci Lorenzo , Gennai Matilde , Viciani Daniele 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The grasslands dominated by Bromus erectus and/or Brachypodium rupestre cover large areas on sandstone and marl-clay-sandstone substrata (limestone is excluded), of the Apennines and pre-Apennines between Pistoia and Arezzo provinces (Tuscany, Central Italy). Our investigation was focused on to 71 unpublished releves and 45 literature releves from Tuscany and surrounding areas, reporting the original releves of Astragalo monspessulani-Brometum erecti, Centaureo bracteatae-Brometum erecti and Ononido masquillerii-Brometum erecti. The releves were submitted to exploratory multivariate analysis, allowing to detect nine distinct groups. Their consistence was verified by mean of NMDS against Ellenberg/Pignatti indicator values, and CCA constrained against chorotypes and growth forms. Diagnostic species of the definitive groups resulting from the analysis were chosen according to species fidelity, based on the φ coefficient of association. The analysis splits the data set in two main subclusters; the first one (A) includes few releves of low altitude, thermophilous conenoses, interpreted as a transition between the submediterranean aspects of Festuco-Brometea class and other Mediterranean herbaceous and shrubby classes; the second subcluster (B) includes most of the data set and can be clearly subdivided in pioneering, mesoxerophilous communities (B1 and B2a groups) and mesophilous communities (B2b group). The releves of clusters B1 and B2a are referred to Coronillo minimae-Astragaletum monspessulanii association and to three other groups: Plantago argentea-Carex caryophyllea communities, Tragopogon samaritani-Bromus erectus communities, Festuco trachyphyllae-Brometum erecti ass. nova. The mesophilous group (B2b) includes the original Centaureo bracteatae-Brometum erecti and Ononido masquillerii-Brometum erecti releves, together with a slightly differentiated community; due to the non-relevant differences between these grassland types from floristic, ecological and chorological perspectives, we propose herewith to treat them as three subassociations of Centaureo bracteatae-Brometum erecti (typicum, ononidetosum masquillerii and linetosum cathartici). Post-cultural grasslands in human-disturbed areas were also detected. All these communities can be attributed to Polygalo mediterraneae-Bromenion erecti suballiance (Bromion alliance), even if a clear subdivision between the mesoxerophilous pioneer aspects and the more mesophilous and evolved ones can be noted.
DO FISH HAVE RIGHTS IN ARTISANAL FISHERIES? / CZY POŁAWIANE RYBY MAJA PRAWA W RYBACTWIE TRADYCYJNYM (NIE-PRZEMYSŁOWYM)?
Authors: Mustapha Moshood K. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Artisanal fishers in the developing world are unaware that fish are capable of suffering or experience discomfort, though researches have shown that fish do feel pain. Five fish welfare domains have been identified which constitute their rights in their environment. The needs of wild fish are usually provided in their natural, undisturbed and unperturbed aquatic environment, of which the fish will prefer. However, various anthropogenic activities by humans (including artisanal fisheries themselves) and some natural perturbations in the watershed, riparian zone, water body of the fish habitat and on the fish tend to take away these needs thereby compromising the fish welfare. These activities include environmental degradation, boat/canoe building, use of motorized boats/canoes, use of active and passive fishing gear, obnoxious cultural, religious and social fishing practices, fish harvesting, handling and processing among others. One way to understand the welfare needs of an individual fish is to understand its biology. Poor welfare conditions can then be assessed by how far the individual fish has deviated from the normal conditions. Non-intrusive signs based on the health, behaviour, morphological anomalies, swimming, reduction in population and growth, outbreak of parasitic infections, injuries and loss of condition can be used to assess fish whose welfare has been compromised. Artisanal fishers should not only be concerned with catch, but, also the welfare of the fish being caught. This is because if the welfare of the fish is compromised, it is going to definitely affect the catch. As indispensable as fish are to humans, humans should not derive their pleasure at the expense of fish suffering. Human activities that impinge on the welfare of wild fish may not necessarily be stopped, but should at least minimized in order to have continued sustainable artisanal exploitation of the fisheries.
Evaluation of the measurement accuracy and uncertainty of a solid‐state detector under diagnostic x‐ray beam conditions
Authors: Maruyama Sho , Saitou Hiroki , Negishi Toru , Sekimoto Michiharu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveAn accurate measurement of x‐ray beams is expected to reduce the uncertainties associated with estimating radiation risk to patients in clinical settings. To perform assessment tasks based on the readings of a solid‐state detector (SSD) using semiconductor technology, the characteristics of the detector should be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the measurement accuracy of a new SSD under diagnostic x‐ray beam conditions in terms of air kerma, tube voltage, and half‐value layer (HVL). The performance of the SSD was then compared with those of reference instruments.MethodsThe tube voltage was varied within the range of 50–120 kV in steps of 10 kV and the thickness and materials of additional filters were concurrently changed (several combinations were tested). In addition, the dose rate and energy dependence of the SSD were also investigated. These effects were analyzed based on statistical significance tests. Furthermore, the expanded uncertainties in the series of measurements were meticulously calculated.ResultsThe results showed average relative differences of −3.26 ± 1.33%, 0.44 ± 1.01%, and −2.60 ± 3.31% for air kerma, tube voltage, and HVL, respectively. Furthermore, air kerma did not exhibit any dependence on dose rate and energy, in contrast to tube voltage and HVL measurements.ConclusionThe measurement values of the SSD fall within the acceptable range of uncertainty, highlighting its measurement accuracy and reliability. Furthermore, based on the characteristics elucidated by this study, valuable insights are provided concerning the assurance of appropriate measurement values in clinical settings.
Improvement of treatment plan quality with modified fixed field volumetric modulated arc therapy in cervical cancer
Authors: Jindakan Sirawat , Tharavichitkul Ekkasit , Watcharawipha Anirut , Nobnop Wannapha 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to introduce modified fixed field volumetric modulated arc therapy (MF‐VMAT) which manually opened the field size by fixing the jaws and comparing it to the typical planning technique, auto field volumetric modulated arc therapy (AF‐VMAT) in cervical cancer treatment planning.Methods and materialsPreviously treated twenty‐eight cervical cancer plans were retrospectively randomly selected and replanned in this study using two different planning techniques: AF‐VMAT and MF‐VMAT, resulting in a total of fifty‐six treatment plans. In this study, we compared both planning techniques in three parts: (1) Organ at Risk (OARs) and whole‐body dose, (2) Treatment plan efficiency, and (3) Treatment plan accuracy.ResultsFor OARs dose, bowel bag (p‐value = 0.001), rectum (p‐value = 0.002), and left femoral head (p‐value = 0.001) and whole‐body (p‐value = 0.000) received a statistically significant dose reduction when using the MF‐VMAT plan. Regarding plan efficiency, MF‐VMAT exhibited a statistically significant increase in both number of monitor units (MUs) and control points (p‐values = 0.000), while beam‐on time, maximum leaf travel, average maximum leaf travel, and maximum leaf travel per gantry rotation were statistically significant decreased (p‐values = 0.000). In terms of plan accuracy, the average gamma passing rate was higher in the MF‐VMAT plan for both absolute dose (AD) (p‐value = 0.001, 0.004) and relative dose (RD) (p‐value = 0.000, 0.000) for 3%/3 and 3%/2 mm gamma criteria, respectively.ConclusionThe MF‐VMAT planning technique significantly reduces OAR doses and decreases the spread of low doses to normal tissues in cervical cancer patients. Additionally, this planning approach demonstrates efficient plans with lower beam‐on time and reduced maximum leaf travel. Furthermore, it indicates higher plan accuracy through an increase in the average gamma passing rate compared to the AF‐VMAT plan. Consequently, MF‐VMAT offers an effective treatment planning technique for cervical cancer patients.
Exosomal Bupivacaine: Integrating Nerve Barrier Penetration Capability and Sustained Drug Release for Enhanced Potency in Peripheral Nerve Block and Reduced Toxicity
Authors: Cai Yuhao , Li Qi , Wesselmann Ursula , Zhao Chao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPeripherally injected local anesthetics exhibit limited ability to penetrate peripheral nerve barriers, which limits their effectiveness in peripheral nerve block and increases the risk of adverse effects. In this work, it is demonstrated that exosomes derived from Human Embryo Kidney 293 cells can effectively traverse the perineurium, which is the rate‐limiting barrier within PNBs that local anesthetics need to cross before acting on axons. Based on this finding, these exosomes are used as a carrier for bupivacaine (BUP), a local anesthetic commonly used in clinical settings. The in vitro assessments revealed that the prepared exosomal bupivacaine (BUP@EXO) achieves a BUP loading capacity of up to 82.33% and sustained release of BUP for over 30 days. In rats, a single peripheral injection of BUP@EXO, containing 0.75 mg of BUP, which is ineffective for BUP alone, induced a 2‐h sensory nerve blockade without significant motor impairments. Increasing the BUP dose in BUP@EXO to 2.5 mg, a highly toxic dose for BUP alone, extended the sensory nerve blockade to 12 h without causing systemic cardiotoxicity and local neurotoxicity and myotoxicity.
Strong, Smart, and Slippery Organo‐gels by Network Glassification
Authors: Zeng Liangpeng , Fu Yuanmao , Cui Hongyuan , Zhao Yonglong , Liu Yi , Lin Xinxing , Chao Tong , Guo Hui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLubricant‐infused organo‐gels with low surface energy solvents represent an environment‐friendly lubricating material, while the poor mechanical performance incapacitates them to harsh and intricate service conditions. To address this challenge, a simple yet highly effective strategy to prepare strong, smart, and slippery organo‐gels by glassifying the polymer network is reported. As a proof of concept, appropriate amounts of rigid solvophobic poly(phenyl methacrylate) (PPMA) units are integrated into a solvophilic poly(cyclohexyl acrylate) (PCHA) network infiltrated with lubricant. Upon forming bicontinuous phase‐separated structures, the rigid solvent‐free PPMA segments stay in glassy states, serving as a load‐bearing phase to toughen the materials effectively. Meanwhile, the soft PCHA phase maintains lubricity and extensibility by holding a substantial amount of lubricant. Owing to the synergistic effect, the gels manifest glass‐like mechanical performance with high rigidity (46.6 MPa), strength (7.7 MPa), and toughness (23.7 kJ m−2). Moreover, the materials exhibit high thermo‐sensitivity with the elastic modulus reversibly decreasing from 46.6 MPa at 20 °C to 0.23 MPa at 50 °C, endowing the gels with shape‐memory properties. Furthermore, the organo‐gels display satisfactory anti‐adhesiveness to various foreign matters. Taken together, the work represents a facile and universal strategy to reinforce organo‐gels, thereby adapting them to various applications.
Mitigating Noise Current in 2D Perovskite Single Crystal Photodetectors for Imaging under Black‐Light Condition
Authors: Xi Yuying , Li Guohui , Ji Ting , Hao Yuying , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Liu Yucheng , Cui Yanxia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWeak‐light imaging plays a pivotal role in various fields such as astronomical photography, military nighttime surveillance, and biomedical imaging. The capability of photodetectors (PDs) in detecting weak‐light relies heavily on minimizing their noise current. In this study, the weak‐light detection performances of PDs constructed from PEA2MAn‐1PbnI3n+1 (n = 1, 2, 3) 2D perovskite single crystals are presented. Among these, the n = 1 PD showcases incredibly low noise current that induces an ultra‐low detection limit of 14 pW cm−2 under 532 nm light illumination, and a high detectivity of 3.25 × 1015 Jones. The n = 1 PD also meets imaging requirements even under black‐level illumination conditions of 75 pW cm−2. The investigation reveals that decreasing n value corresponds to an increase in the PEA+ ratios of cations, resulting in reduced defects and enhanced ion migration activation energy and exciton binding energy. These reduce noise current of devices from electron/hole, ion, and exciton dynamic behaviors. Notably, inhibiting ion migration can significantly improve the stability of the noise current baseline and facilitate the stable detection of weak signals. This study underscores the potential of 2D perovskites for advancing weak‐light imaging technologies, offering valuable insights for future development in this field.
Cation‐Infused Bilayer Ionomer Coating Enables High Partial Current Density Toward Multi Carbon Products in CO2 Electrolysis
Authors: Rashid Mohsina , Nabil Shariful Kibria , Adnan Muflih A. , Kannimuthu Karthick , Kibria Md Golam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R) stands as a pivotal technology for carbon recycling by converting CO2 into value‐added products. While significant strides have been made in generating multi‐carbon (C2+) products like ethylene (C2H4) and ethanol (C2H5OH) at industrial‐scale current densities with high Faradaic efficiency (FE), cathode flooding and (bi)carbonate salt accumulation remain a fundamental concern in an alkaline electrolyte. In this work, ion‐conducting polymers are used to tailor the micro‐environment mitigating cathode flooding and salt precipitation and thus, enhancing the local CO2 availability. The impact of cation and anion exchange ionomer layers, specifically Nafion and Sustainion XA‐9 are examined on overall eCO2R performance. The use of an ultra‐thin bilayer configuration significantly reduces cathode flooding and salt accumulation by ≈58% compared to commercial anion exchange membrane (AEM). Alongside, cation infusion improves the C─C bond formation inducing a favorable micro‐environment for selective C2+ formation. This cation‐infused bilayer ionomer (CIBLI) achieves a high partial current density of ≈284 mA cm−2 toward C2+ products maintaining a stable eCO2R performance for 24 hours (h). This scalable approach of directly deposited ultra‐thin CIBLI offers a minimal conversion energy of 117 GJ/ ton C2+ products with an energy efficiency (EE) of 29% at 350 mA cm−2 current density in one‐step CO2 conversion.
Rigid‐Flexible Coupled Dendritic Molecule Doping: General Approach to Activate Commercial Polymers into Harsh Condition‐Tolerant Multi‐Reusable Strong Supramolecular Adhesives
Authors: Feng Jie , Lin Ziwei , Zhang Yang , Fang Long , Zhu Qikai , Yu Dingshan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping functional adhesives combining strong adhesion, good recyclability and diverse harsh‐condition adaptability is a grand challenge. Here, we introduce a general dendritic molecule doping strategy to activate commercial polymers into a new family of supramolecular adhesives integrating high adhesion strength, ultralow temperature, water resistant and multi‐reusable properties. Our method involves rational design of a new rigid‐flexible coupled dendritic molecule—M4C8OH as a versatile dopant, while simple M4C8OH doping into commercial polymers can modulate internal and external non‐covalent interaction to enable H‐bonding enhanced interchain cross‐linking for tough cohesion along with enhanced interphase interaction. This endows 20 wt % M4C8OH‐doped polycaprolactone (PCL) adhesives (PCL‐M4C8OH) with improved adhesion strength on various substrates with the maximum increase up to 2.87 times that of PCL. In particular, the adhesion strengths of PCL‐M4C8OH on polymethyl methacrylate at 25 °C and −196 °C reach 4.67 and 3.58 MPa—1.9 and 2.3 times those of PCL and superior to diverse commercial adhesives and most reported adhesives. PCL‐M4C8OH also displays markedly‐improved multi‐usability and tolerance against ultralow temperature and diverse wet environments. Mechanism studies reveal the crucial role of M4C8OH molecular structures toward superior adhesion. Our method can be expanded to other polymer matrices, yielding diverse new supramolecular adhesives.
Dynamic Covalent Bonds Enabled Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Recyclability and Material Circularity
Authors: Fan Xiaotong , Zheng Jie , Yeo Jayven Chee Chuan , Wang Sheng , Li Ke , Muiruri Joseph Kinyanjui , Hadjichristidis Nikos , Li Zibiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to their remarkable features of lightweight, high strength, stiffness, high‐temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance, carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are extensively used in sports equipment, vehicles, aircraft, windmill blades, and other sectors. The urging need to develop a resource‐saving and environmentally responsible society requires the recycling of CFRPs. Traditional CFRPs, on the other hand, are difficult to recycle due to the permanent covalent crosslinking of polymer matrices. The combination of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) with carbon fibers (CFs) marks a new development path for closed‐loop recyclable CFRPs and polymer resins. In this review, we summarize the most recent developments of closed‐loop recyclable CFRPs from the unique paradigm of dynamic crosslinking polymers, CANs. These sophisticated materials with diverse functions, oriented towards CFs recycling and resin sustainability, are further categorized into several active domains of dynamic covalent bonds, including ester bonds, imine bonds, disulfide bonds, boronic ester bonds, and acetal linkages, etc. Finally, the possible strategies for the future design of recyclable CFPRs by combining dynamic covalent chemistry innovation with materials interface science are proposed.
A critical review of therapeutic interventions in sickle cell disease: Progress and challenges
Authors: Ala Chandu , Joshi Renuka Parshuram , Gupta Pragya , Goswami Sangam Giri , Ramalingam Sivaprakash , Kondapalli Venkata Gowri Chandra Sekhar , Sankaranarayanan Murugesan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that occurs due to the point mutation in the β‐globin gene, which results in the formation of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) in the red blood cells (RBCs). When HbS is exposed to an oxygen‐depleted environment, it polymerizes, resulting in hemolysis, vaso‐occlusion pain, and impaired blood flow. Still, there is no affordable cure for this inherited disease. Approved medications held promise but were met with challenges due to limited patient tolerance and undesired side effects, thereby inhibiting their ability to enhance the quality of life across various individuals with SCD. Progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of SCD during the past few decades, leading to the discovery of novel targets and therapies. However, there is a compelling need for research to discover medications with improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Also, more clinical investigations on various drug combinations with different mechanisms of action are needed. This review comprehensively presents therapeutic approaches for SCD, including those currently available or under investigation. It covers fundamental aspects of the disease, such as epidemiology and pathophysiology, and provides detailed discussions on various disease‐modifying agents. Additionally, expert insights are offered on the future development of pharmacotherapy for SCD.
Structural characterization and bioactivity profiling of the fungal peptaibiotic tolypin reveal protective effects against influenza viruses
Authors: Eichberg Johanna , Oberpaul Markus , Hartwig Christoph , Geißler Andrea Helga , Culmsee Carsten , Vilcinskas Andreas , Böttcher‐Friebertshäuser Eva , Brückner Hans , Degenkolb Thomas , Hardes Kornelia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn a bioprospection for new antivirals, we tested nonribosomally biosynthesized polypeptide antibiotics in MDCK II cells for their actions on influenza A and B viruses (IAV/IBV). Only tolypin, a mixture of closely related 16‐residue peptaibiotics from the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum IE 1897, showed promising activity. It was selected for further investigation and structural characterization by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐HR‐MS/MS) and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to in‐source collision‐induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐isCID‐HR‐MS/MS), revealing 12 partially co‐eluting individual peptides that were fully sequenced. Since tolypin‐related efrapeptins are potent inhibitors of F1/Fo‐ATPase, we screened tolypin for its toxicity against MDCK II cells and larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella. We found that a nontoxic concentration of tolypin (1 µg/mL) reduced the titer of two IBV strains by 4–5 log values, and that of an H3N2 strain by 1–2 log values, but the H1N1pdm strain was not affected. The higher concentrations of tolypin were cytostatic to MDCK II cells, shifted their metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, and induced paralysis in G. mellonella, supporting the inhibition of F1/Fo‐ATPase as the mode of action. Our results lay the foundations for future work to investigate the interplay between viral replication and cellular energy metabolism, as well as the development of drugs that target host factors.