bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic configurations associated with heavy rainfall in Eastern Romania
Authors: Cărbunaru Daniel , Burcea Sorin 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTWorldwide, meteorological events associated with severe weather affect life, property and infrastructure. Lately, heavy rainfalls led to loss of life and produced damage in various areas of Romania. The main aim of the article is to investigate the dynamic and thermodynamic, both synoptic and mesoscale, configurations associated with severe weather in eastern Romania. Using the empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis, simultaneously applied to daily average geopotential field at different pressure levels (300, 500 and 850 hPa), a number of severe weather events were clustered into classes. At European scale, the analysis showed the existence of three eigenvectors which describe up to 73% of the data. Using the projections of these vectors on 62 days with severe weather, eight classes of synoptic configurations resulted. For each class, the main dynamic characteristics were highlighted. Repeating the EOF analysis on the same geopotential fields, but using reanalysis data at 6 h interval, it was revealed that each class has a limited number of eigenvectors which can be used to explain the dynamic similarity between different baroclinic evolutions. The mesoscale feature analysis was performed using Doppler weather radar data. The increase from south to north of the thermodynamic instability and dynamic organizational factors is highlighted for all the classes. The occurrence of certain classes takes place in different times of the convective season, while the most persistent classes are positioned in the middle of the convective season. An important finding is that by projecting the first three eigenvectors on the numerical weather prediction models outputs, one can infer the most likely dynamic behaviour to expect in a synoptic time interval. The climatological evolution of the projection on the data of each class, for the 1980–2014 interval, shows a change in the baroclinic dynamic configuration associated with heavy rainfall.
Bypasses in intracellular glucose metabolism in iron‐limited Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Sasnow Samantha S. , Wei Hua , Aristilde Ludmilla 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDecreased biomass growth in iron (Fe)‐limited Pseudomonas is generally attributed to downregulated expression of Fe‐requiring proteins accompanied by an increase in siderophore biosynthesis. Here, we applied a stable isotope‐assisted metabolomics approach to explore the underlying carbon metabolism in glucose‐grown Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Compared to Fe‐replete cells, Fe‐limited cells exhibited a sixfold reduction in growth rate but the glucose uptake rate was only halved, implying an imbalance between glucose uptake and biomass growth. This imbalance could not be explained by carbon loss via siderophore production, which accounted for only 10% of the carbon‐equivalent glucose uptake. In lieu of the classic glycolytic pathway, the Entner–Doudoroff (ED) pathway in Pseudomonas is the principal route for glucose catabolism following glucose oxidation to gluconate. Remarkably, gluconate secretion represented 44% of the glucose uptake in Fe‐limited cells but only 2% in Fe‐replete cells. Metabolic 13C flux analysis and intracellular metabolite levels under Fe limitation indicated a decrease in carbon fluxes through the ED pathway and through Fe‐containing metabolic enzymes. The secreted siderophore was found to promote dissolution of Fe‐bearing minerals to a greater extent than the high extracellular gluconate. In sum, bypasses in the Fe‐limited glucose metabolism were achieved to promote Fe availability via siderophore secretion and to reroute excess carbon influx via enhanced gluconate secretion.
Targeting Yes‐associated Protein with Evolved Peptide Aptamers to Disrupt TGF‐β Signaling Pathway: Therapeutic Implication for Bone Tumor
Authors: Ji Wei‐Ping , Dong Yang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe binding of transcription coactivator Yes‐associated protein (YAP) to Smad transcription factors is an important event in activating transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling pathway, which is involved in the tumorigenicity and metastasis of bone tumor. Design of peptide aptamers to disrupt YAPSmad interaction has been established as a promising approach for bone tumor therapy. Here, an evolution strategy was used to optimize Smad‐derived peptides for high potency binding to YAP WW2 domain, resulting in an improved peptide population, from which those high‐scoring candidates were characterized rigorously using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and interaction free energy calculations. With the computational protocol we were able to generate a number of potential domain binders, which were then substantiated by using fluorescence spectroscopy assay. Subsequently, the complex structure of YAP WW2 domain with a high‐affinity peptide was modeled and examined in detail, which was then used to guide structure‐based peptide optimization to obtain several strong domain binders. Structural and energetic analysis revealed that electrostatic complementarity is primarily responsible for domainpeptide recognition, while other nonbonded interactions such as hydrogen bonding and salt bridges can contribute significantly to the recognition specificity.
On the RF heating of coronary stents at 7.0 Tesla MRI
Authors: Winter Lukas , Oberacker Eva , Özerdem Celal , Ji Yiyi , von Knobelsdorff‐Brenkenhoff Florian , Weidemann Gerd , Ittermann Bernd , Seifert Frank , Niendorf Thoralf 
Published: September 2015

PurposeExamine radiofrequency (RF) induced heating of coronary stents at 7.0 Tesla (T) to derive an analytical approach which supports RF heating assessment of arbitrary stent geometries and RF coils.MethodsSimulations are performed to detail electromagnetic fields (EMF), local specific absorption rates (SAR) and temperature changes. For validation E‐field measurements and RF heating experiments are conducted. To progress to clinical setups RF coils tailored for cardiac MRI at 7.0T and coronary stents are incorporated into EMF simulations using a human voxel model.ResultsOur simulations of coronary stents at 297 MHz were confirmed by E‐field and temperature measurements. An analytical solution which describes SAR(1g tissue voxel) induced by an arbitrary coronary stent interfering with E‐fields generated by an arbitrary RF coil was derived. The analytical approach yielded a conservative estimation of induced SAR(1g tissue voxel) maxima without the need for integrating the stent into EMF simulations of the human voxel model.ConclusionThe proposed analytical approach can be applied for any patient, coronary stent type, RF coil configuration and RF transmission regime. The generalized approach is of value for RF heating assessment of other passive electrically conductive implants and provides a novel design criterion for RF coils. Magn Reson Med, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Magn Reson Med 74:999–1010, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insights triggered by textual micro‐counseling dialogues of restructuring orientation in experts and students
Authors: Yu Fei , Zhang Wencai , Zhang Zhijie , Zhang Jianxin , Luo Jing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractInsight is a salient psychotherapeutic progress but has rarely been measured in a controlled experimental setting. This study aimed to assess whether textual micro‐counseling dialogue could validly evoke insight and to explore the characteristics of insight. The guessing riddle of cognitive psychology was used as a reference of the experimental paradigm. Specifically, textual micro‐counseling dialogues applying cognitive restructuring techniques were presented. The participant first read a description of a psychological distress (“problem”) and then an explanation (“solution”). Zero‐, low‐, and high‐restructuring solutions were randomly matched to the problems and it was expected that they would trigger different levels of insight experiences. Experts and students evaluated the adaptability and emotional valence of problems, and the insightfulness, novelty, adaptability, and emotional valence of solutions. For both experts and students, different intensities of insightfulness were produced across high‐, low‐ and zero‐restructuring solutions. Novelty significantly discriminated the high‐restructuring solutions from the other two solution types. Adaptability and emotional valence could discriminate the high‐ and low‐restructuring solutions types from the zero‐restructuring solution. Insightfulness had high correlations with novelty and adaptability. These results indicated that textual micro‐counseling dialogues with a high‐restructuring solution could validly produce the greatest insightfulness and the features of high‐restructuring solutions may have reference meaning for improving psychotherapeutic effect.
Surgical training in Saudi Arabia: Trainees' perspectives and the role of simulation
Authors: Alotaibi Naif H. , Oker Natalie , Zafar Muhammed , AL-Qahtani Khalid Hussain , Higham Helen 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

The surgical training program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is still evolving. In order to improve future programs, we conducted a study of trainees' perspectives to explore their views on the value of simulation and the perception of non-technical skills developed during the current training program.
The structural survey was distributed among surgical trainees from all surgical specialties in KSA. Additionally, another survey was conducted regarding the point of view of surgical program directors, educators, senior surgical faculty and medical education leaders.
Results revealed weak aspects in acquiring non-technical skills. Regarding simulation, Saudi trainers and trainees strongly support the use of simulation to remedy these issues. Both groups studied strongly believe that simulation can improve the current training program (trainers: agree 100%; trainees: strongly agree, 89%).
We believe that surgical training in the KSA would benefit from further use of surgical simulation as a powerful addition to classical surgical training. It offers the opportunity to train both complex technical skills and non-technical skills in a safe environment.
Both trainers and trainees agree that it would greatly improve the training that is currently available and there is growing evidence in the literature that simulation improves technical skills and team work with the concomitant improvement in patient safety and outcome.

Highlights:
Writings as Operations of Disenfranchisement, Investigating Manuscripts, and Choreographer's Notes from the Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth Centuries: Advantages and Problems in Reconstructing from the Papers
Authors: Ganesh Swarnamalya 
Published: September 2015

Bharatanatyam has manifold systems of writing/documentation. They are in the form of sculptures, paintings, inscriptions, and treatises. They are also in the form of personal notes by dance masters (Nattuvanars), notated descriptions by scholars, by wealthy merchants, travellers, and the court and temple dancers (Devadasis) themselves.The female mind, body, and voice were used to embody the choreographies envisioned by the male Nattuvanars. But the qualitative fulcrum of this dance remained in extempore exposition. Every repertoire had a pedagogy that was fundamentally dynamic in its transfer and performance but also written and preserved. The Devadasi envisioned compositions as a representation of her psyche each time, both in practice and performance. Therefore the same repertoire gets reinterpreted every time by her, but within the structured pedagogy accorded by the composition and the choreographer. Let us investigate if the term choreography is useful in representing this unique process.
In-line flow-induced vibrations of a rotating cylinder
Authors: Bourguet Rémi , Lo Jacono David 
Published: September 2015

The flow-induced vibrations of an elastically mounted circular cylinder, free to oscillate in the direction parallel to the current and subjected to a forced rotation about its axis, are investigated by means of two- and three-dimensional numerical simulations, at a Reynolds number equal to 100 based on the cylinder diameter and inflow velocity. The cylinder is found to oscillate up to a rotation rate (ratio between the cylinder surface and inflow velocities) close to 2 (first vibration region), then the body and the flow are steady until a rotation rate close to 2.7 where a second vibration region begins. Each vibration region is characterized by a specific regime of response. In the first region, the vibration amplitude follows a bell-shaped evolution as a function of the reduced velocity (inverse of the oscillator natural frequency). The maximum vibration amplitudes, even though considerably augmented by the rotation relative to the non-rotating body case, remain lower than 0.1 cylinder diameters. Due to their trends as functions of the reduced velocity and to the fact that they develop under a condition of wake-body synchronization or lock-in, the responses of the rotating cylinder in this region are comparable to the vortex-induced vibrations previously described in the absence of rotation. The symmetry breaking due to the rotation is shown to directly impact the structure displacement and fluid force frequency contents. In the second region, the vibration amplitude tends to increase unboundedly with the reduced velocity. It may become very large, higher than 2.5 diameters in the parameter space under study. Such structural oscillations resemble the galloping responses reported for non-axisymmetric bodies. They are accompanied by a dramatic amplification of the fluid forces compared to the non-vibrating cylinder case. It is shown that body oscillation and flow unsteadiness remain synchronized and that a variety of wake topologies may be encountered in this vibration region. The low-frequency, large-amplitude responses are associated with novel asymmetric multi-vortex patterns, combining a pair and a triplet or a quartet of vortices per cycle. The flow is found to undergo three-dimensional transition in the second vibration region, with a limited influence on the system behaviour. It appears that the transition occurs for a substantially lower rotation rate than for a rigidly mounted cylinder.
Thin section petrography and chemostratigraphy: Integrated evaluation of an upper Mississippian mudstone dominated succession from the southern Netherlands
Authors: Nyhuis C.J. , Riley D. , Kalasinska A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSedimentological data acquired by thin section petrography is a rich source of information to better understand and interpret depositional environments that are dominated by fine-grained deposits. This study provides an evaluation of the sedimentological and geochemical changes recorded over Upper Viséan to Lower Namurian successions preserved in a core section from a well drilled in the southern part of the Netherlands. Facies analysis and the recognition of microfacies associations allow detailed interpretations of depositional environments. Interpretation of additional geochemical data acquired by portable X-ray fluorescence analyses has resulted in a chemostratigraphic zonation for the core section. The zonation reflects stratigraphic changes in the mineralogy of the sedimentary successions. Integration of the microfacies associations and the chemostratigraphic zonation has led to the identification of three so-called depositional zones, which show the development of depositional settings from Late Viséan to Early Namurian times. Depositional Zone 1 consists of fine-grained turbiditic limestones and mudstones deposited in a distal carbonate ramp setting during Latest Viséan times. The overlying Depositional Zone 2 corresponds to the Geverik Member (Lower Namurian) and is particularly heterogeneous in geochemical and lithological terms: the zone reflects a complex interplay between different parameters such as sediment source, transport mechanisms and oxygen content that are assumed to be governed by fluctuating sea levels and changing depositional environments (from basinal to shallow marine settings). Sandy lenticular mudstones are predominant in the lower part of Depositional Zone 2 and show that sedimentation was via erosive bedload, whilst the common fossiliferous mudstones present within the upper part of the same zone yield evidence for increased endobenthic activity in dysoxic conditions. The successions assigned to Depositional Zone 3 ( = Epen Formation – Namurian) are the products of cyclic sedimentation of a terrestrial sourced delta.
Reading German Jewry through Vernacular Photography: From the Kaiserreich to the Third Reich
Authors: Auslander Leora 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBuilding on a generation of scholarship that argues that an understanding of German Jewish life must move beyond debates over terms—assimilation, acculturation, integration, subcultures, and symbiosis—this article uses three photograph albums created by the Wassermann family of Bamberg, in conjunction with the written record, to suggest an alternative interpretive framework for understanding the complexity of German Jewish lives in the first third of the twentieth century. Rethinking this history through a close analysis of photographs and photograph albums is particularly productive because even if photography and album-making were ubiquitous practices throughout the twentieth century, the special affinity of Jews for photography has been well-documented. Their paradoxical historic experience—including ghettoization and forced migration, on the one hand, and powerful feelings of “at-homeness” in their various diasporic dwelling places, on the other, in combination with the specificities of Jewish religious practice—has given Jews a particular relation to time and to place, a relation sometimes made manifest in photography. That relation is, furthermore, historical, changing with each context in which Jews find themselves living.
Understanding the vulnerability of older adults: extent of and breaches in support systems in Uganda
Authors: GOLAZ VALÉRIE , WANDERA STEPHEN OJIAMBO , RUTAREMWA GIDEON 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTOlder adults’ vulnerability and resilience are a result of processes constructed throughout the lifecycle. In Uganda, older people almost always rely exclusively on their social networks for care and economic support when in need. These support systems are mainly family based, and play a role of safety net for their older members. However, localised in-depth studies have pointed out the limitations of family-based support systems, especially in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This paper uses 83 in-depth interviews conducted in various settings across Uganda with older people and their family members on the subject of their support systems. Over and above the lack of immediate/personal resources characterising most older people, our results highlight the importance of the extent of support systems and resource diversity. Most of the people in our case studies had lost descendants due to the civil war, the HIV/AIDS epidemic, or simply family break-ups, events which often create large breaches and gaps in support systems. Few older people can be resilient in this situation, primarily because there are often not enough resources available in their support networks to cover the needs of all, especially education for the young and health-care access for the old.
Urinary Tract Infections with Antibiotic Resistant Organisms in Catheterized Nursing Home Patients
Authors: Bjork David T. , Pelletier Lawrence L. , Tight Robert R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLong-term use of indwelling urinary catheters in nursing home (NH) patients is a potential cause of significant morbidity. We retrospectively studied 10 NH patients with chronic indwelling urinary catheters. Sixty-four percent of all 84 antibiotic courses prescribed were for bacteriuria alone without clinical infection. Seventy percent of 63 antibiotic courses were followed by bacteriuria with organisms resistant to the antibiotic administered. Bacteria isolated from NH patients often displayed greater resistance to specific antibiotics than those isolated from hospitalized patients. Four of the 20 urinary tract infections were associated with bacteremia. Three episodes of bacteremia were with highly-resistant organisms and one was fatal. Use of urinary catheters and inappropriate use of antibiotics in NH patients results in urinary tract colonization and infection with resistant bacteria and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality.
Habitat use of the introduced cane toad (Rhinella marina) and native frog species in tropical Australia
Authors: Mayer Martin , Brown Gregory P. , Zimmermann Barbara , Greenlees Matthew J. , Shine Richard 
Published: September 2015

Abstract:The ecological impacts of introduced species can reveal mechanisms underlying habitat selection and behaviour. We investigated the habitat use of native frog species and the invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) in tropical northern Australia to measure overlap in habitat use, and to test if the presence of the cane toad influences frog behaviour. Native frog species and the cane toad both preferred habitats close to water and unvegetated holes. However, native frogs were found further from water (on average 19.4 m) than were toads (on average 12.6 m), and preferred areas with higher vegetation (8–50 cm) than did toads, which were more abundant in vegetation lower than 8 cm. For both types of anuran, the next neighbour was more often of the same type (89% in frogs, 52% in toads) than expected by chance (observed ratio: 75% frogs vs 25% toads), reflecting these differences in habitat use. Our counts of frog abundance increased on average 14.5% in areas from which we removed cane toads temporarily. This result suggests that cane toads inhibit the activity of native anurans either by inducing avoidance, or by reducing activity. By modifying the behaviour and spatial distribution of native taxa, invasive cane toads may curtail activities such as feeding and breeding.
Evaluation of genetic causes of cardiomyopathy in childhood
Authors: Ware Stephanie M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCardiomyopathy frequently has a genetic basis. In adults, mutations in genes encoding components of the sarcomere, cytoskeleton, or desmosome are frequent genetic causes of cardiomyopathy. Although children share these causes, ~30% of children have an underlying metabolic, syndromic, or neuromuscular condition causing their cardiomyopathy, making the aetiologies more diverse in children as compared with adults. Although some children present with obvious signs or symptoms of metabolic, syndromic, or neuromuscular disease, other cases may be quite subtle, requiring a high level of suspicion in order to diagnose them. In general, the younger the child, the more extensive the differential. Advantages of identifying the underlying genetic cause of cardiomyopathy in the paediatric population include confirming the diagnosis in ambiguous cases, facilitating appropriate surveillance and management of cardiac and extra-cardiac diseases, providing prognostic information, and establishing the genetic basis in the family, thereby allowing the identification of at-risk relatives and institution of appropriate family screening as indicated. For these reasons, genetic testing is increasingly recognised as standard of care, and guidelines for genetic counselling, testing, and incorporation of family-based risk assessment have been established. Therapies aimed at treating specific genetic aetiologies of cardiomyopathy are emerging and are exciting new developments that require increasingly sophisticated approaches to diagnosis. As genetic testing capabilities continue to expand technically, careful interpretation, knowledgeable clinical utilisation, and appropriate dissemination of genetic information are important and challenging components of clinical care.