bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Pediatric Conditions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Posadzki Paul , Lee Myeong Soo , Ernst Edzard 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Most osteopaths are trained in pediatric care, and osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is available for many pediatric conditions. The objective of this systematic review was to critically evaluate the effectiveness of OMT as a treatment of pediatric conditions.

METHODS:
Eleven databases were searched from their respective inceptions to November 2012. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included, if they tested OMT against any type of control in pediatric patients. Study quality was critically appraised by using the Cochrane criteria.

RESULTS:
Seventeen trials met the inclusion criteria. Five RCTs were of high methodological quality. Of those, 1 favored OMT, whereas 4 revealed no effect compared with various control interventions. Replications by independent researchers were available for 2 conditions only, and both failed to confirm the findings of the previous studies. Seven RCTs suggested that OMT leads to a significantly greater reduction in the symptoms of asthma, congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (posttreatment), daily weight gain and length of hospital stay, dysfunctional voiding, infantile colic, otitis media, or postural asymmetry compared with various control interventions. Seven RCTs indicated that OMT had no effect on the symptoms of asthma, cerebral palsy, idiopathic scoliosis, obstructive apnea, otitis media, or temporomandibular disorders compared with various control interventions. Three RCTs did not perform between-group comparisons. The majority of the included RCTs did not report the incidence rates of adverse effects.

CONCLUSIONS:
The evidence of the effectiveness of OMT for pediatric conditions remains unproven due to the paucity and low methodological quality of the primary studies.
A Randomized, Masked, Placebo-Controlled Study of Darbepoetin Alfa in Preterm Infants
Authors: Ohls Robin K. , Christensen Robert D. , Kamath-Rayne Beena D. , Rosenberg Adam , Wiedmeier Susan E. , Roohi Mahshid , Lacy Conra Backstrom , Lambert Diane K. , Burnett Jill J. , Pruckler Barbara , Schrader Ron , Lowe Jean R. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND:A novel erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA), darbepoetin alfa (Darbe), increases hematocrit in anemic adults when administered every 1 to 3 weeks. Weekly Darbe dosing has not been evaluated in preterm infants. We hypothesized that infants would respond to Darbe by decreasing transfusion needs compared with placebo, with less-frequent dosing than erythropoietin (Epo).METHODS:Preterm infants 500 to 1250 g birth weight and ≤48 hours of age were randomized to Darbe (10 μg/kg, 1 time per week subcutaneously), Epo (400 U/kg, 3 times per week subcutaneously) or placebo (sham dosing) through 35 weeks’ gestation. All received supplemental iron, folate, and vitamin E, and were transfused according to protocol. Transfusions (primary outcome), complete blood counts, absolute reticulocyte counts (ARCs), phlebotomy losses, and adverse events were recorded.RESULTS:A total of 102 infants (946 ± 196 g, 27.7 ± 1.8 weeks’ gestation, 51 ± 25 hours of age at first dose) were enrolled. Infants in the Darbe and Epo groups received significantly fewer transfusions (P = .015) and were exposed to fewer donors (P = .044) than the placebo group (Darbe: 1.2 ± 2.4 transfusions and 0.7 ± 1.2 donors per infant; Epo: 1.2 ± 1.6 transfusions and 0.8 ± 1.0 donors per infant; placebo: 2.4 ± 2.9 transfusions and 1.2 ± 1.3 donors per infant). Hematocrit and ARC were higher in the Darbe and Epo groups compared with placebo (P = .001, Darbe and Epo versus placebo for both hematocrit and ARCs). Morbidities were similar among groups, including the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity.CONCLUSIONS:Infants receiving Darbe or Epo received fewer transfusions and fewer donor exposures, and fewer injections were given to Darbe recipients. Darbepoetin and Epo successfully serve as adjuncts to transfusions in maintaining red cell mass in preterm infants.
Optimization of IGZO/Cu/IGZO Multilayers as Transparent Composite Electrode on Flexible Substrate by Room-temperature Sputtering and Post-Deposition Anneals
Authors: Dhar Aritra , Alford T. L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTHighly transparent composite electrodes made of multilayers of In- and Ga-doped ZnO and Cu (IGZO/Cu/IGZO) thin films (30/3-9/30 nm thick) are deposited onto flexible substrates at room temperature and by using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The effect of Cu thickness on the electrical and optical properties of the multilayer stack has been studied in accordance with the Cu morphology. The optical and electrical properties of the multilayers are studied with the UV–Vis spectrophotometry, Hall measurement and four point probe analyses. Results are compared with those from a single IGZO layered thin film. The average optical transmittance and sheet resistance both decreases with increase of copper thickness and has been optimized at 6 nm Cu middle layer thickness. The Haacke figure of merit (FOM) has been calculated to evaluate the performance of the films. The highest FOM achieved is 6 x 10-3 Ω-1 for a Cu thickness of 6 nm with a sheet resistance of 12.2 Ω/sq and an average transmittance of 86%. The multilayered thin films are annealed upto 150 °C in vacuum, forming gas and O2 environments and the optical and electrical properties are studied and compared against the as-deposited samples. Thus IGZO/Cu/IGZO multilayer is a promising flexible electrode material for the next-generation flexible optoelectronics.
High Mobility IGZO/ITO Double-layered Transparent Composite Electrode: A Thermal Stability Study
Authors: Dhar Aritra , Alford T. L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe fabrication of a thin film optoelectronic device involves the exposure of the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) to a high process temperature. Indium gallium zinc oxide (InGaZnO4 or IGZO) is a well known TCO with high optical transparency, moderate conductivity and high mobility. However, its electrical properties deteriorate after subsequent high temperature processes in air atmosphere. On the other hand indium tin oxide (ITO) has higher conductivity than IGZO and better thermal stability. Therefore, IGZO/ITO bilayers have been deposited on glass by radio frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature and subsequently annealed at high temperatures in order to study their thermal stability. In the present work, a-IGZO layers with a thickness ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm were deposited over a 50 nm thick ITO layer. Results are compared with those from a single IGZO layered thin film without the ITO bottom layer. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the multilayers are studied with the use of scanning electron microscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy and Hall measurement. An IGZO optimal thickness of 50 nm is found to improve the bilayer thermal stability at temperatures upto 400 °C keeping good opto-electrical properties. The sheet resistance for the optimized IGZO/ITO composite films is about 22 Ohm/sq, and the transmittance in the visible range is about 90%. The composite shows an excellent mobility above 40 cm2 /V-s and thus can be potentially applied as channel layer in thin film transistors (TFTs)
Fabrication and Characterization of Antimony Tin Oxide Nanoparticle Networks Inside Polystyrene
Authors: Gussenhoven Ryan J. , Gerhardt Rosario A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRecently, there has been much interest in the creation of 3D networks of nanowires. One possible way to do this is to encase the nanowires inside transparent polymer matrices since there is also a demand for obtaining conducting transparent composites. If the filler of the composite is made from a strongly conducting material, the degree of connectivity of the networked nanowires can be tested by measuring its conductivity. Though much work has been done with ITO (Tin-doped indium oxide), little has been done with the chemically similar, but cheaper, ATO (Antimony-doped tin oxide). In this study, ATO nanoparticles were added into a polystyrene matrix and simultaneously pressed and heated so that a 3D network of the nanoparticles would form. The effecti veness of the conducting pseudo-nanowire networks was measured as the concentration of ATO in polystyrene was varied. Another variable utilized was the temperature at which the samples were pressed. The optical transmittance of the composites was also measured in order to quantify their transparency. It was found that, once the nanowire networks had percolated at a concentration of about 1.25 PHR, the conductivity and, consequently, the coherence of the networks increased at a decreasing rate as the concentration was increased. The effect of the pressing temperature was complex and required many additional sets of specimens to understand. Samples pressed at the highest temperature had the least coherent networks, as the polystyrene became too fluid and disrupted the ATO networks while at lower temperatures the opposite occurred. The optical transmittance dropped sharply as the concentration of ATO reached and surpassed 1.0 PHR. Nanowire networks were, indeed, formed through this process using these materials, but use as a conducting transparent composite in the visible range is unlikely as the percolation threshold occurs at a concentration greater than that of the optical transmittance drop, creating a trade-off between conductivity and transparency. The resistivity did drop as much as six orders of magnitude and may be useful for other applications.
Fabrication of Conductive Glass Nanocomposites with Networks of Antimony Tin Oxide
Authors: Pruyn Timothy L. , Gerhardt Rosario A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe percolation threshold in a ceramic composite depends on the processing conditions used to fabricate them along with the size and shape of the filler. In this study, borosilicate glass microspheres were used as the matrix material and nanosized antimony tin oxide (ATO) particles were used as the filler. The microsphere/ATO composites were fabricated by hot pressing around the glass transition temperature in order to control the viscosity. The pressure and temperature applied allowed the ATO to be confined to the spaces between certain glass particles, forming percolating networks at low volume fractions of the ATO. The electrical properties were examined using ac impedance spectroscopy. The impedance, electric modulus, and tan δ were studied which allowed for valuable insights in structure-property-processing relationships in these materials, along with determination of the percolation behavior in these composites. This analysis on samples right before percolation indicated that there was a highly resistive component affecting long range conductivity which is likely due to porosity at the triple points while the dielectric response is affected by the clusters of ATO nanoparticles. Based on this, the percolation of ATO should reduce down to lower concentrations if the processing conditions are improved to reduce this porosity and further segregate the ATO.
Highly efficient blue organic light-emitting diodes using DPASN quantum well structure
Authors: Yoon Ju-An , Kim You-Hyun , Kim Nam Ho , Yoo Seung Il , Lee Sang Youn , Kim Woo Young 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, we fabricated blue OLEDs with quantum well structure (QWS) using four different blue emissive materials such as DPVBi, ADN and DPASN, and BAlq as QWS material. Conventional QWS blue OLEDs used to be composed of emissive layer and charge blocking layer with lower HOMO-LUMO energy level, but we designed triple emitting layer for more significant hole-electron recombination in EML and a wider region of exciton generation as forming QWS spontaneously. The structure of triple emitting layered blue OLED is ITO / NPB(700 Å) / X(100 Å) / BAlq(100 Å) /X (100 Å) / Bphen(300 Å) / Liq(20 Å) / Al(1200 Å) (X= DPVBi, ADN, DPASN). HOMO-LUMO energy levels of DPVBi, ADN, DPASN and BAlq were 2.8-5.9, 2.6-5.6, 2.3-5.2 and 2.9-5.9 eV, respectively. The maximum luminous efficiency was 5.32 cd/A at 3.5 V in a blue OLED with DPASN / BAlq / DPASN QWS.
Helping Students Understand Occupational Fraud by Applying the ACFE Report to Daytime Television Talk Show Confessions
Authors: Daigle Ronald J. , Hayes David C. , Morris Philip W. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
In this case, students develop their understanding of how occupational fraud is committed and detected. They also learn about the traits of victim organizations and characteristics of fraud perpetrators. The students develop their understanding of occupational fraud by applying concepts in the most recent edition of the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse (ACFE 2012, hereafter referred to as the Report) to two daytime television talk show episodes in which the hosts (Montel Williams and Dr. Phil) interview individuals convicted of occupational fraud.
The results of data collected reflect that students completing the case significantly increased their knowledge about how occupational fraud is committed and detected. Students also significantly increased their knowledge of traits of victim organizations and characteristics of fraud perpetrators. Students reported it was a valuable educational experience to apply knowledge gained to two real situations as documented on daytime television talk show episodes. They also enjoyed the case and thought they would benefit from more cases like this one.
CSF phosphorylated neurofilament subunit NF-H (pNF-H) levels are biomarkers of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Iencean St.M. , Ungureanu Didona , Tascu Al. , Costachescu B. , Iencean A.St. , Poeata I. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Several studies showed that the phosphorylated form of the neurofilament subunit NF-H (pNF-H) are related to neuronal injuries and its detection provide information about the presence and degree of neuronal loss. Neurofilaments are three subunits, namely NF-L, NF-M and NF-H. The phosphorylated neurofilament subunit NF-H (pNF-H) is present into serum and CSF in significant amounts following neuronal injury and may be detected. The pNF-H can be a biomarker of the neuronal injuries and its detection allows the monitoring neuronal pathology and may provide diagnosis and prognosis in humans.
We are interested in pNF-H as biomarker of neuronal injury in spinal cord injury and we used a pNF-H ELISA test capable of detecting the levels of phosphorylated NF-H (pNF-H) to patients with spinal cord injury. We studied the pNF-H levels in CSF in two patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and for normal values of pNF-H we determined the CSF pNF-H level from individuals without neurological damage.
The pNF-H values of CSF from the two patients with SCI were 5-10 times higher than the normal and its higher values were related to an unfavorable outcome.
In conclusion, although the number of cases is very low - only two, in the context of experimental studies in animals with SCI, we can say that pNF-H is marker in SCI in humans and its increased values are consistent with an unfavorable outcome.
Présidentielle 2012: la levée du dernier tabou de l'infodivertissement à la télévision française
Authors: Fradin Guillaume 
Published: June 2013

Traditionnellement, l'approche de l’élection présidentielle marquait un temps d'arrêt dans la participation des acteurs politiques à des émissions d'infodivertissement. En 2012, la donne change: plusieurs de ces programmes ont produit une analyse serrée de la campagne tout en offrant une tribune à l'ensemble des candidats, jouant ainsi un rôle important dans l'organisation du débat démocratique. Cette rupture de digue trouve plusieurs causes: banalisation du mélange des genres, accès du Front national au second tour des élections présidentielles de 2002, application généralisée des règles imposées par le CSA, mise en concurrence des professionnels et des journalistes, désacralisation de la fonction présidentielle. Elle produit également des effets tant au plan des représentations du jeu électoral qu'au mode de diffusion des idées. L’émission On n'est pas couché offre un terrain d'investigation particulièrement riche. Ses séquences les plus spectaculaires, objets de reprises massives sur l'internet, et la remise en cause des règles de la déontologie journalistique induite par son dispositif pèsent sur la réception. Si le transit de la communication politique par les programmes d'info-divertissement peut contribuer à rendre un certain nombre d'informations techniques accessible au plus grand nombre, cette forme de vulgarisation ne va pas sans poser des problèmes sérieux.
Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Array: microarray capturing of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles for multiplexed phenotyping
Authors: Jørgensen Malene , Bæk Rikke , Pedersen Shona , Søndergaard Evo K.L. , Kristensen Søren R. , Varming Kim 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundExosomes are one of the several types of cell‐derived vesicles with a diameter of 30–100 nm. These extracellular vesicles are recognized as potential markers of human diseases such as cancer. However, their use in diagnostic tests requires an objective and high‐throughput method to define their phenotype and determine their concentration in biological fluids. To identify circulating as well as cell culture‐derived vesicles, the current standard is immunoblotting or a flow cytometrical analysis for specific proteins, both of which requires large amounts of purified vesicles.MethodsBased on the technology of protein microarray, we hereby present a highly sensitive Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Array capable of detecting and phenotyping exosomes and other extracellular vesicles from unpurified starting material in a high‐throughput manner. To only detect the exosomes captured on the EV Array, a cocktail of antibodies against the tetraspanins CD9, CD63 and CD81 was used. These antibodies were selected to ensure that all exosomes captured are detected, and concomitantly excluding the detection of other types of microvesicles.ResultsThe limit of detection (LOD) was determined on exosomes derived from the colon cancer cell line LS180. It clarified that supernatant from only approximately 104 cells was needed to obtain signals or that only 2.5×104 exosomes were required for each microarray spot (~1 nL). Phenotyping was performed on plasma (1–10 µL) from 7 healthy donors, which were applied to the EV Array with a panel of antibodies against 21 different cellular surface antigens and cancer antigens. For each donor, there was considerable heterogeneity in the expression levels of individual markers. The protein profiles of the exosomes (defined as positive for CD9, CD63 and CD81) revealed that only the expression level of CD9 and CD81 was approximately equal in the 7 donors. This implies questioning the use of CD63 as a standard exosomal marker since the expression level of this tetraspanin was considerably lower.
Creation of a New Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Mini-Flap to Enhance Late Regression After LASIK
Authors: Garcia-Gonzalez Montserrat , Teus Miguel A. 
Published: June 2013

PURPOSE:
To describe a method of LASIK enhancement in which a new femtosecond laser-assisted mini-flap is created over the original LASIK flap.

METHODS:

The 60-kHz IntraLase femtosecond laser (IntraLase Corp., Irvine, CA) was used to create a new mini-flap over an original LASIK flap for the re-treatment of late regression after LASIK. The diameter of the mini-flap was 7 mm and the attempted flap depth was 100
μ
m.

RESULTS:
The procedure was performed on 10 eyes of 7 patients. No intraoperative or postoperative complications developed in any case during the follow-up. At the 6-month follow-up visit, all eyes were within ±0.5 diopters of the targeted refraction.

CONCLUSIONS:
The preliminary results suggest that creation of a femtosecond laser-assisted mini-flap over a previous LASIK flap seems to be a safe and effective procedure for the enhancement of late regression after LASIK. By creating a femtosecond laser-assisted mini-flap that is smaller in diameter than the original flap, the adhesion of the primary flap edges and peripheral interface remain intact, thus decreasing the risk of dislocation of the original LASIK flap and of losing a sliver of tissue.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(8):564–568.]
An Alternative Role for Foxp3 As an Effector T Cell Regulator Controlled through CD40
Authors: Vaitaitis Gisela M. , Carter Jessica R. , Waid Dan M. , Olmstead Michael H. , Wagner David H. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The BDC2.5 T cell clone is highly diabetogenic, but the transgenic mouse generated from that clone is surprisingly slow in diabetes development. Although defining pathogenic effector T cells in autoimmunity has been inconsistent, CD4+ cells expressing the CD40 receptor (Th40 cells) are highly diabetogenic in NOD mice, and NOD.BDC2.5.TCR.Tg mice possess large numbers of these cells. Given the importance of CD40 for pathogenic T cell development, BDC2.5.CD40−/− mice were created. Regulatory T cells, CD4+CD25hiFoxp3+, develop normally, but pathogenic effector cells are severely reduced in number. Th40 cells from diabetic BDC2.5 mice rapidly induce diabetes in NOD.scid recipients, but Th40 cells from prediabetic mice transfer diabetes very slowly. Demonstrating an important paradigm shift, effector Th40 cells from prediabetic mice are Foxp3+. As mice age, moving to type 1 diabetes development, Th40 cells lose Foxp3. When Th40 cells that are Foxp3+ are transferred to NOD.scid recipients, disease is delayed. Th40 cells that are Foxp3− rapidly transfer disease. Th40 cells from BDC2.5.CD40−/− mice do not transfer disease nor do they lose Foxp3 expression. Mechanistically, Foxp3+ cells produce IL-17 but do not produce IFN-γ, whereas Foxp3− Th40 cells produce IFN-γ and IL-2. This poses a new consideration for the function of Foxp3, as directly impacting effector T cell function.
Tuberculosis of the genitourinary system-Urinary tract tuberculosis: Renal tuberculosis-Part II
Authors: Merchant Suleman , Bharati Alpa , Merchant Neesha 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article reviews the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of renal tuberculosis (TB), including TB in transplant recipients and immunocompromised patients. Multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) forms the mainstay of cross-sectional imaging in renal TB. It can easily identify calcification, renal scars, mass lesions, and urothelial thickening. The combination of uneven caliectasis, with urothelial thickening and lack of pelvic dilatation, can also be demonstrated on MDCT. MRI is a sensitive modality for demonstration of features of renal TB, including tissue edema, asymmetric perinephric fat stranding, and thickening of Gerota′s fascia, all of which may be clues to focal pyelonephritis of tuberculous origin. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values may help in differentiating hydronephrosis from pyonephrosis. ADC values also have the potential to serve as a sensitive non-invasive biomarker of renal fibrosis. Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of renal TB. In transplant patients, renal TB, including tuberculous interstitial nephritis, is an important cause of graft dysfunction. Renal TB in patients with HIV more often shows greater parenchymal affection, with poorly formed granulomas and relatively less frequent findings of caseation and stenosis. Atypical mycobacterial infections are also more common in immunocompromised patients.
Multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT and MRI findings of adult mesoblastic nephroma: A report of two cases
Authors: Ding Yuqin , He Deming , Zhou Jianjun , Zeng Mengsu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMesoblastic nephroma (MN) presenting in an adult is extremely rare. The computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of this tumor in adulthood have not been widely reported. We present two additional cases of adult MN and describe the multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT and MRI findings.