bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Predictors of Recovery From Nonoperatively Treated Achilles Tendon Rupture: 1 Year Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Sukanen Maria , Khair Ra’ad M. , Reito Aleksi , Ponkilainen Ville , Paloneva Juha , Cronin Neil , Hautala Arto J. , Finni Taija 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate early structural and mechanical predictors of plantarflexor muscle strength and the magnitude of Achilles tendon (AT) nonuniform displacement at 6 and 12 months after AT rupture.MethodsThirty‐five participants (28 males and 7 females; mean ± SD age 41.7 ± 11.1 years) were assessed for isometric plantarflexion maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and AT nonuniformity at 6 and 12 months after rupture. Structural and mechanical AT and plantarflexor muscle properties were measured at 2 months. Limb asymmetry index (LSI) was calculated for all variables. Multiple linear regression was used with the 6 and 12 month MVC LSI and 12 month AT nonuniformity LSI as dependent variables and AT and plantarflexor muscle properties at 2 months as independent variables. The level of pre‐ and post‐injury sports participation was inquired using Tegner score at 2 and 12 months (scale 0–10, 10 = best possible score). Subjective perception of recovery was assessed with Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS) at 12 months (scale 0–100, 100=best possible score).ResultsAchilles tendon resting angle (ATRA) symmetry at 2 months predicted MVC symmetry at 6 and 12 months after rupture (β = 2.530, 95% CI 1.041–4.018, adjusted R2 = 0.416, p = 0.002; β = 1.659, 95% CI 0.330–2.988, adjusted R2 = 0.418, p = 0.016, respectively). At 12 months, participants had recovered their pre‐injury level of sports participation (Tegner 6 ± 2 points). The median (IQR) ATRS score was 92 (7) points at 12 months.ConclusionGreater asymmetry of ATRA in the early recovery phase may be a predictor of plantarflexor muscle strength deficits up to 1 year after rupture.Trial Registration: This research is a part of “nonoperative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture in Central Finland: a prospective cohort study” that has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03704532)
Graph isomorphism network with weighted multi‐aggregators for building shape classification
Authors: Zhang Ya , Liu Jiping , Wang Yong , Cao Yungang , Xu Shenghua , Luo An 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBuilding shape cognition is essential for tasks, such as map generalization, urban modeling, and building semantics and distribution pattern recognition. Traditional geometric and statistical methods rely on human‐defined shape indicators, and spectral‐based graph neural networks (GNNs) require Laplacian eigendecomposition, resulting in high algorithmic complexity. Therefore, we proposed a low‐complexity and simple‐to‐use spatial‐domain GNN for differentiating building shapes. To examine the influence of the building vertices on their shape, we treated each building as a graph and proposed a graph isomorphic network with weighted multi‐aggregators (GIN‐WMA) by analyzing the node connectivity of a building graph. The GIN‐WMA utilizes a novel aggregator that combines the sum and max aggregators, enhancing its recognition and differentiation capabilities. This approach can effectively differentiate nodes that have identical features after aggregation by the sum aggregator. We extracted features considering both local node and global shape features, drawing inspiration from Gestalt cognitive psychology and GNN's “node–graph” differentiation strategy. In addition, we compared the performance of GIN‐WMA with existing methods, studying the effect of various node features and their combinations on classification accuracy. The results demonstrated that GIN‐WMA outperforms other methods in discriminating building shapes, demonstrating superior capabilities in shape classification and enabling end‐to‐end extraction and classification of building shapes.
Formate‐tetrahydrofolate ligase: supplying the cytosolic one‐carbon network in roots with one‐carbon units originating from glycolate
Authors: Saeheng Sompop , Bailes Clayton , Bao Han , Gashu Kelem , Morency Matt , Arlynn Tana , Smertenko Andrei , Walker Berkley James , Roje Sanja 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYThe metabolism of tetrahydrofolate (H4PteGlun)‐bound one‐carbon (C1) units (C1 metabolism) is multifaceted and required for plant growth, but it is unclear what of many possible synthesis pathways provide C1 units in specific organelles and tissues. One possible source of C1 units is via formate‐tetrahydrofolate ligase, which catalyzes the reversible ATP‐driven production of 10‐formyltetrahydrofolate (10‐formyl‐H4PteGlun) from formate and tetrahydrofolate (H4PteGlun). Here, we report biochemical and functional characterization of the enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtFTHFL). We show that the recombinant AtFTHFL has lower Km and kcat values with pentaglutamyl tetrahydrofolate (H4PteGlu5) as compared to monoglutamyl tetrahydrofolate (H4PteGlu1), resulting in virtually identical catalytic efficiencies for the two substrates. Stable transformation of Arabidopsis plants with the EGFP‐tagged AtFTHFL, followed with fluorescence microscopy, demonstrated cytosolic signal. Two independent T‐DNA insertion lines with impaired AtFTHFL function had shorter roots compared to the wild type plants, demonstrating the importance of this enzyme for root growth. Overexpressing AtFTHFL led to the accumulation of H4PteGlun + 5,10‐methylene‐H4PteGlun and serine, accompanied with the depletion of formate and glycolate, in roots of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants. This metabolic adjustment supports the hypothesis that AtFTHFL feeds the cytosolic C1 network in roots with C1 units originating from glycolate, and that these units are then used mainly for biosynthesis of serine, and not as much for the biosynthesis of 5‐methyl‐H4PteGlun, methionine, and S‐adenosylmethionine. This finding has implications for any future attempts to engineer one‐carbon unit‐requiring products through manipulation of the one‐carbon metabolic network in non‐photosynthetic organs.
Molecular and Pathobiology of Canine Mammary Tumour: Defining a Translational Model for Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Oliveira‐Lopes Adália F. , Götze Marcelo M. , Lopes‐Neto Belarmino E. , Guerreiro Denise D. , Bustamante‐Filho Ivan Cunha , Moura Arlindo Alencar 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTCanine mammary tumours (CMT) have histological, clinicopathological and molecular resemblances to human breast cancer (HBC), positioning them as viable models for studying the human disease. CMT initiation and progression occur spontaneously in immune‐competent animals, which challenge the suggested limitations of genetically modified mice, also enabling the evaluation of immunotherapies in canine patients. Dogs have shorter life expectancy compared to humans, and cancer advances more rapidly in this species. This makes it possible to perform studies about the clinical efficacy of new therapeutic modalities in a much shorter time than in human patients. The identification of biomarkers for tumour subtypes, progression and treatment response paves the way for the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. This review addresses the similarities between CMT and HBC and the molecular signatures identified in CMT samples that have been explored to date. We proposed a detailed molecular exploration of the CMT stroma using state‐of‐the‐art methods in transcriptomics and proteomics. Using CMT as an analog for HBC not only helps to understand the complexities of the disease, but also to advance comparative oncology to the next level to prove the claim of dogs as a valid translational model.
The Use of Nonlinear Guided-Wave Features for Detection and Assessment of Intermetallic Compounds Within Dissimilar Joints—An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Mansour Mirna , Fakih Mohammad Ali , Mustapha Samir , Malinowski Paweł , Al-Badour Fadi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Welding dissimilar materials is widely employed in industrial construction and manufacturing to enhance cost-effectiveness and performance, often utilizing non-fusion methods like solid-state and high-energy beam welding. However, a significant challenge is the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the joint interface, which can weaken the bond and increase brittleness, leading to hidden internal cracks. Nonlinear ultrasound detection methods are employed as advanced, nondestructive testing techniques for early damage inspection in various materials. This research investigates the assessment of the thickness of the intermetallic layer within dissimilar joints using nonlinear ultrasound-wave features. Experimental investigation was performed using four friction stir welding (FSW) lap joints, between AA5052-H32 aluminum and ASTM 516-70 steel, with various intermetallic thicknesses. The methodology involved examining the generation of second-order harmonic frequency by exciting Lamb waves (LWs) at specific frequencies. To determine the necessary LWs' excitation frequency, synchronism and non-zero power flux conditions were employed. The collected signals were measured and analyzed in the time and frequency domains to understand the behavior of the nonlinear parameter β′ with the thickness of the intermetallic layer. The results show that β′ changes in a linear manner with the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer (several micrometers in thickness). This provides strong evidence that nonlinear LW features are sensitive to microstructural variations in the FSW joints, which would enable them to effectively evaluate their strength.
An Attention-Based Deep Learning Model for Phase-Resolved Wave Prediction
Authors: Chen Jialun , Gunawan David , Taylor Paul H. , Chen Yunzhuo , Milne Ian A. , Zhao Wenhua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Phase-resolved wave prediction capability, even if only over two wave periods in advance, is of value for optimal control of wave energy converters, resulting in a dramatic increase in power generation efficiency. Previous studies on wave-by-wave predictions have shown that an artificial neural network (ANN) model can outperform the traditional linear wave theory-based model in terms of both prediction accuracy and prediction horizon when using synthetic wave data. However, the prediction performance of ANN models is significantly reduced by the varying wave conditions and buoy positions that occur in the field. To overcome these limitations, a novel wave prediction method is developed based on the neural network with an attention mechanism. This study validates the new model using wave data measured at sea. The model utilizes past time histories of three Sofar Spotter wave buoys at upwave locations to predict the vertical motion of a Datawell Waverider-4 at a downwave location. The results show that the attention-based neural network model is capable of capturing the slow variation in the displacement of the buoys, which reduces the prediction error compared to a standard ANN and long short-term memory model.
Pathways Toward Improving the Energy Efficiency of Residential Air-Conditioning Systems in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alotaibi Abdulaziz M. , Makhdoom Taha K. , Alquaity Awad B. S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn Saudi Arabia, the residential electricity consumption approaches 50%, primarily driven by air conditioners (AC). This study explores the potential energy savings and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reductions up to 2030 through three scenarios: business as usual (BAU), continuous improvement scenario (CIS), and accelerated improvement scenario (AIS). BAU scenario assumes that the current energy efficiency ratio (EER) of 11.8 BTU/Wh is maintained until 2030. CIS considers a 5% EER improvement in new AC stock every two or five years, while AIS assumes a 10% improvement in the EER at the same intervals. Additionally, energy savings and emission reductions possible from varying adoption levels of a new refrigerant (R32) are estimated for three scenarios. Finally, the CO2 emission reduction under each scenario is computed for two extreme cases of grid emission factor. BAU scenario predicts energy savings of up to 17.7 TWh in 2030 compared to 2020 energy consumption figures. AIS with two-year intervals results in additional energy savings of 10.1 TWh in 2030 and cumulative energy savings of 37.1 TWh over a decade compared to the BAU scenario. Even CIS with five-year intervals yields additional energy savings of 1.69 TWh in 2030 and 5.1 TWh cumulatively compared to the BAU scenario. In comparison, the introduction of the new refrigerant results in cumulative energy savings of 10.2 TWh in the best-case scenario. These findings emphasize the importance of enhancing the EER of residential AC systems as a priority in energy efficiency policy.
Oil-Soluble Sulfur-Containing Organic Molybdenum as Lubricant Additives: A Review
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Xiaolei , Ji Zhengjia , Zhang Chenhui , Li Wenbing , Li Jv 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In situ formation of MoS2 from oil-soluble sulfur-containing organic molybdenum (SOM) additives in lubricating oils is an alternative route of adding MoS2 into oils directly, which is difficult to disperse homogeneously. In this advanced technology, the structures of SOM and the formation of MoS2 during friction determine the efficiencies of SOM additives on the tribological properties of oils. Given the fact that SOM additives have been used intensively in both laboratory researches and industrial applications, this review discusses their molecular structures, tribological behaviors, compatibility with the other additives, and some bottlenecks in practical applications. Moreover, some routes for overcoming the bottlenecks are suggested. This review also concludes the basic lubrication mechanisms of SOM additives and provides some suggestions for utilizing SOM in advanced lubrication systems. Finally, the future development of SOM as oil additives is proposed and summarized.
Elastic Foundation Solution for the End-Notched Flexure Mode II Sandwich Configuration
Authors: Nguyen Minh Hung , Kardomateas George A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article presents a closed-form solution for the energy release rate of face/core debonds in the mode II end-notched flexure (ENF) sandwich configuration. The finite-length sandwich specimen is considered to have a “debonded” region and a “joined” region. In the later, the interface between the top face and the substrate (core and bottom face) is modeled by an elastic foundation, which is a uniform distribution of shear and normal springs. Based on the Timoshenko beam theory, the solution for a general asymmetric sandwich construction is derived. The energy release rate expression is derived via the J-integral. Another closed-form expression for the energy release rate is derived from the energy released by a differential spring as the debond propagates. In this closed-form solution, there is no fitting and everything, including the foundation constants, are given in a closed form. Results are produced for a range of face/core stiffness ratios and debond length/core thickness ratios and are compared with the corresponding ones from a finite element solution. A very good agreement is observed except for small debond lengths versus specimen thickness.
Chronic Adaptions in Quadriceps Fascicle Mechanics Are Related to Altered Knee Biomechanics After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: White McKenzie S. , Mancini Lucia M. , Stoneback Luke , Palmieri-Smith Riann M. , Lepley Lindsey K. 
Published: July 2024

Following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), patients exhibit abnormal walking mechanics and quadriceps dysfunction. Quadriceps dysfunction has been largely attributed to muscle atrophy and weakness. While important, these factors do not capture intrinsic properties of muscle that govern its ability to generate force and withstand load. While fascicle abnormalities after ACLR have been documented in early stages of recovery (<12 mo), long-term effects of ACLR on fascicle mechanics remain unexplored. We evaluated quadriceps fascicle mechanics during walking 3 years post-ACLR and examined the relationship with knee mechanics. Participants included 24 individuals with ACLR and 24 Controls. Linear mixed models compared the ACLR, Contralateral, and Controls limbs for (1) quadriceps strength, (2) fascicle architecture and mechanics, and (3) knee mechanics. No difference in strength or overall fascicle length excursions was found between limbs. The ACLR limb exhibited longer fascicles at heel strike and peak knee extension moment (P < .001–.004), and smaller fascicle angles at heel strike, peak knee extension moment, and overall suppressed fascicle angle excursions (P < .001–.049) relative to the Contralateral and/or Control limb. This indicates an abnormality in fascicle architecture and mechanics following ACLR and suggests abnormalities in contractile function that cannot be explained by muscle weakness and may contribute to long-term gait irregularities.
Measurement Position Influences Sex Comparisons of Distal Femoral Cartilage Thickness With Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Battersby Harry S. , Evans Ryan J. , Eghobamien Iwi J. , Pamukoff Derek N. 
Published: July 2024

The purpose was to examine (1) the effect of measurement position and sex on femoral cartilage outcomes, and (2) the association between gait biomechanics and cartilage outcomes. Fifty individuals participated (25 males and 25 females; age = 20.62 [1.80] y). Ultrasound measured femoral cartilage thickness and echo-intensity at 90°, 115°, and 140° of knee flexion. Gait outcomes included the external knee adduction and knee flexion moments. Cartilage outcomes were compared using 2 (sex) × 3 (position) repeated-measures analysis of variance. Gait and cartilage associations were assessed using stepwise regression. Medial cartilage was thicker when measured at 90° compared with 115° (P = .02) and 140° (P < .01), and 115° compared with 140°, (P < .01) in males but not in females. Cartilage was thicker at 90° compared with 140° across both sexes within all regions (P < .01). Males had thicker cartilage than females in all positions (P < .01). Echo-intensity was lower at 90° than 115° (P < .01) and 140° (P = .01) in the central and lower at 90° than at 115° (P < .01) and 140° (P = .03) in lateral regions. No association was found between gait and cartilage outcomes. Ultrasound imaging position effects cartilage features more in males compared with females. Imaging position and sex influence cartilage outcomes and should be considered in study designs and clinical evaluation.
Non-thermodynamic factors affect competition between thermophilic chemolithoautotrophs from deep-sea hydrothermal vents
Authors: Kubik Briana C. , Holden James F. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Various environmental factors, including H
2
availability, metabolic tradeoffs, optimal growth temperature, stochasticity, and hydrology, were examined to determine if they affect microbial competition between three autotrophic thermophiles. The thiosulfate reducer
Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum
(
T
opt
72°C) was grown in mono- and coculture separately with the methanogens
Methanocaldococcus jannaschii
(
T
opt
82°C) at 72°C and
Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicu
s (
T
opt
65°C) at 65°C at high and low H
2
concentrations. Both methanogens showed a metabolic tradeoff shifting from high growth rate–low cell yield at high H
2
concentrations to low growth rate–high cell yield at low H
2
concentrations and when grown in coculture with the thiosulfate reducer. In 1:1 initial ratios,
D. thermolithotrophum
outcompeted both methanogens at high and low H
2
, no H
2
S was detected on low H
2
, and it grew with only CO
2
as the electron acceptor indicating a similar metabolic tradeoff with low H
2
. When the initial methanogen-to-thiosulfate reducer ratio varied from 1:1 to 10
4
:1 with high H
2
,
D. thermolithotrophum
always outcompeted
M. jannaschii
at 72°C. However,
M. thermolithotrophicus
outcompeted
D. thermolithotrophum
at 65°C when the ratio was 10
3
:1. A reactive transport model that mixed pure hydrothermal fluid with cold seawater showed that hyperthermophilic methanogens dominated in systems where the residence time of the mixed fluid above 72°C was sufficiently high. With shorter residence times, thermophilic thiosulfate reducers dominated. If residence times increased with decreasing fluid temperature along the flow path, then thermophilic methanogens could dominate. Thermophilic methanogen dominance spread to previously thiosulfate-reducer-dominated conditions if the initial ratio of thermophilic methanogen-to-thiosulfate reducer increased.

IMPORTANCE

The deep subsurface is the largest reservoir of microbial biomass on Earth and serves as an analog for life on the early Earth and extraterrestrial environments. Methanogenesis and sulfur reduction are among the more common chemolithoautotrophic metabolisms found in hot anoxic hydrothermal vent environments. Competition between H2-oxidizing sulfur reducers and methanogens is primarily driven by the thermodynamic favorability of redox reactions with the former outcompeting methanogens. This study demonstrated that competition between the hydrothermal vent chemolithoautotrophs
Methanocaldococcus jannaschii
,
Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus
, and
Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum
is also influenced by other overlapping factors such as staggered optimal growth temperatures, stochasticity, and hydrology. By modeling all aspects of microbial competition coupled with field data, a better understanding is gained on how methanogens can outcompete thiosulfate reducers in hot anoxic environments and how the deep subsurface contributes to biogeochemical cycling.