bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ethical approach to health promotion in physiotherapy practice
Authors: Delany Clare , Fryer Caroline , van Kessel Gisela 
Published: October 2015

Issue addressedWith increased emphasis on reducing the global burden of non‐communicable disease, health professionals who traditionally focused on the individual are being encouraged to address population‐level health problems. While physiotherapists are broadening their clinical role to include health promotion strategies in their clinical practice, the ethical foundations of this practice focus have received less attention.MethodsWe use a physiotherapy clinical scenario to highlight different physiotherapeutic approaches and to analyse underpinning ethical values and implications for practice.ResultsWe suggest there are potential harms of incorporating health promotion into physiotherapy management of individuals if the population‐based research does not resonate with an individual's particular circumstances, capacity to change or view of what counts as important and meaningful. We propose that critical reasoning and ethical judgment by the physiotherapist is required to determine how health promotion messages applied in primary care settings might work to benefit and enhance a client's well being rather than impose burdens or cause harm.ConclusionWe suggest four ethical reasoning strategies designed to assist physiotherapists to frame and understand fundamental ethical principles of beneficence, harm, autonomy and justice when implementing health promotion and selfmanagement approaches in clinical practice.
Exploration of the dynamic barriers to adults with intellectual disabilities accessing mainstream mental health services
Authors: McNally Paddy , McMurray Kimberly 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the experiences of psychologists in considering the barriers to people with intellectual disabilities being able to access mainstream mental health services.Design/methodology/approach– The information relating to participant experiences was gathered by conducting two focus groups: one with psychologists working in the adult mental health service and the second with psychologists working in the learning disability service. A thematic analysis was used to determine the main themes from each of the focus groups.Findings– The overarching themes for the psychologists in the adult mental health service related to: service restrictions; confidence in their ability/skills; and resistance to change. The overarching themes for the psychologists in the learning disability service reflected: future thinking; protection; pessimism; and clarification around mental health and learning disability.Originality/value– The discussion includes consideration of the dynamic positions of the two services and recommendations for an integrated system of working.
Staff training on formulation and fire-setting in people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Tostevin Amy , Shaikh Abdul 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present the development and evaluation of an original training package for staff members on fire-setting in people with intellectual disabilities. It also included training on functional analysis as a model of formulating the fire-setting behaviour. The quality and effectiveness of the training was assessed and is reported in this paper.Design/methodology/approach– The training was delivered on a ward for people with intellectual disabilities in a UK NHS Trust Low Secure Hospital and was attended by various members of the multidisciplinary team for the ward. The workshop consisted of four modules: theoretical background of fire-setting, the functional analysis model of fire-setting formulation, offence-paralleling behaviours in secure settings and a case study practice. Level of self-reported understanding of the various aspects of the training was measured by an evaluation questionnaire completed pre and post training.Findings– The results of this study showed that following the training there was a significant increase in self-reported understanding of staff members. The participants reported an increase in understanding of fire-setting, functional analysis and formulation of individuals with an intellectual disability and history of fire-setting.Originality/value– This study highlights the potential for staff training to increase awareness of fire-setting behaviours by people with intellectual disabilities. The staff training in formulation would encourage their involvement in development of team formulations and may subsequently increase their understanding of such individuals.
Developing and piloting the QOMID – quality outcome measure for individuals with intellectual disabilities and dementia
Authors: Dodd Karen , Bush Alick , Livesey Alexandra 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– Outcome measurement is a key priority for services. There are no papers on specific overall quality outcome measures for people with intellectual disabilities who have dementia. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and piloting of a new measure.Design/methodology/approach– A process was developed to measure quality outcomes across all stages of dementia. The reliability of the tool was measured using Cronbach’sαcoefficients, along with data about its clinical utility.Findings– The QOMID has good reliability, face validity and internal reliability suggesting that all domains contribute equally towards the construct of quality outcome. An exploratory factor analysis revealed that there may be four or five sub-factors within the QOMID, The clinical utility of the assessment tool was explored and it can be concluded that the QOMID is simple, fairly quick and effective.Research limitations/implications– The scale has good psychometric properties and the initial parameters for the QOMID were met. Further exploration of factors needs to be considered with a larger sample of participants.Practical implications– The scale was liked by assessors and gives a practical tool that can both measure the quality outcome for people at each stage of their dementia, and help to develop more effective care plans.Originality/value– This is the first measure to look at quality outcomes for people with intellectual disabilities and dementia and which takes a staged approach.
ICT usage in Ghanaian secondary schools: teachers’ perspectives
Authors: Buabeng-Andoh Charles 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate secondary school teachers’ perspectives on ICT usage in secondary schools in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
– A total of 376 teachers from 24 public and private schools from four regions in Ghana participated in this study. Survey and focus group interviews were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests were used to analyze the findings.

Findings
– The result indicated that teachers’ perceived ICT usage, perceived access to ICT, perceived ICT training and perceived ICT competence were low. Furthermore, the analysis showed that male teachers’ perceived confidence in the use of ICT was higher than female teachers. On the other hand, the perceived administrative support for female teachers was more than that for male teachers. Finally, this study discovered that there was no significant difference in public and private school teachers’ access to ICT, administrative support, self-efficacy, competencies and training.

Originality/value
– This contributes to the literature on the perceptions and use of teachers’ ICT in secondary schools. The results provide insights into factors that teachers perceived as obstacles to integration of ICT into their teaching, particularly in developing nations. The study shows that teachers’ perceived ICT competencies and ICT training do not depend on the type of school the teacher is employed to teacher.
Can a pill prevent HIV? Negotiating the biomedicalisation of HIV prevention
Authors: Young Ingrid , Flowers Paul , McDaid Lisa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article examines how biomedicalisation is encountered, responded to and negotiated within and in relation to new biomedical forms of HIV prevention. We draw on exploratory focus group discussions on pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and treatment as prevention (TasP) to examine how the processes of biomedicalisation are affected by and affect the diverse experiences of communities who have been epidemiologically framed as ‘vulnerable’ to HIV and towards whom PrEP and TasP will most likely be targeted. We found that participants were largely critical of the perceived commodification of HIV prevention as seen through PrEP, although this was in tension with the construction of being medical consumers by potential PrEP candidates. We also found how deeply entrenched forms of HIV stigma and homophobia can shape and obfuscate the consumption and management of HIV‐related knowledge. Finally, we found that rather than seeing TasP or PrEP as ‘liberating’ through reduced levels of infectiousness or risk of transmission, social and legal requirements of responsibility in relation to HIV risk reinforced unequal forms of biomedical self‐governance. Overall, we found that the stratifying processes of biomedicalisation will have significant implications in how TasP, PrEP and HIV prevention more generally are negotiated.
Supervising the uncanny: the play within the play
Authors: Leader Carol 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe writer offers a combined experience in analysis and the performing arts to explore uncanny aspects of the unconscious subtext of the patient's inner drama; subtext which can remain hidden from view in supervision. Freud and Jung's understanding of uncanny experience is considered together with a painting from medieval alchemy and Matte Blanco's conceptions concerning the symmetrical nature of unconscious process. Theatre and the work of the theatre director and actor in approaching the multidimensional aspects of a play are then introduced. Finally clinical case material from group supervision demonstrates how the ‘theatre of therapy’ and the work of the supervisory couple and group promote the emergence of a more authentic conscious asymmetrical response to the patient's ‘script’ that can break the ‘spell’ of the transference/countertransference relationship. This in turn brings meaning to the underlying and implicit ‘stage directions’ that the patient has been unconsciously communicating.
Race effects on eBay
Authors: Ayres Ian , Banaji Mahzarin , Jolls Christine 
Published: October 2015

We investigate the impact of seller race in a field experiment involving baseball card auctions on eBay. Photographs showed the cards held by either a dark‐skinned/African‐American hand or a light‐skinned/Caucasian hand. Cards held by African‐American sellers sold for approximately 20% ($0.90) less than cards held by Caucasian sellers. Our evidence of race differentials is important because the online environment is well controlled (with the absence of confounding tester effects) and because the results show that race effects can persist in a thick real‐world market such as eBay.
State‐preference pricing and volatility indices
Authors: Liu Zhangxin (Frank) , O'Neill Michael J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study uses a state‐preference pricing approach to develop a state‐price volatility index (SVX), as a forecast for market future realised volatility. We show that SVX is a more efficient forecaster than CBOE VIX for 30‐day realised volatility of SPX returns, using both in‐the‐sample and out‐of‐the‐sample tests. This result is robust to different measures of realised market volatilities. We also show that SVX provides a better volatility forecast than other alternative measures, including the at‐the‐money implied volatilities and GARCH (1, 1) volatility. Our results provide a foundation for forecasting higher risk‐neutral moments using the same state prices.
Planetary boundaries: implications for asset impairment
Authors: Linnenluecke Martina K. , Birt Jac , Lyon John , Sidhu Baljit K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractScientific findings support the existence of nine planetary boundaries which define a safe operating space for humanity and the conditions necessary to sustain human life. The declining state of the environment (4 of the 9 boundaries have been breached) creates significant risk factors for asset impairment. Risks result not only from environmental challenges and resulting resource constraints (e.g. limits to fossil fuel extraction and carbon constraints) but also changing technology landscapes and social expectations. This article is one of the first to discuss the implications of changes in planetary boundary conditions for asset impairment and recognising an impairment event and sets out an agenda for future research.
Plant functional shifts in Central European grassland under traditional flood irrigation
Authors: Müller Isabell B. , Buhk Constanze , Alt Martin , Entling Martin H. , Schirmel Jens 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimsLowland meadow irrigation used to be a widespread management practice to improve hay yield in Central European grasslands. Recently, traditional meadow irrigation is being re‐established in some parts of Europe. Nevertheless, the consequences of the regular artificial flooding on vegetation of these water meadows remain poorly understood. We studied the impact of flood irrigation on the plant functional and species composition of extensively managed hay meadows.LocationLowland of River Queich, between Landau and Lustadt, Germany.MethodsWe sampled vegetation in 34 meadows that differed in irrigation status (irrigated/non‐irrigated) and fertilization (unfertilized/fertilized). Plants were classified into functional groups according to growth forms, N‐fixing ability and reproductive strategy. Effects of meadow irrigation on the plant functional composition were analysed using two complementary approaches. In the ‘community approach’, we analysed total cover of each functional group per meadow with respect to irrigation and fertilization. In the ‘species approach’, we analysed the mean response to irrigation among the species within the defined functional groups.ResultsTotal cover of rosettes and semi‐rosettes increased relative to graminoids in irrigated meadows. Cover of legumes was three times higher in irrigated compared to non‐irrigated meadows. Irrigation enhanced preferences for seed and vegetative reproduction. However, the response of individual species within the functional groups was inconsistent. Fertilization had an overall minor influence on functional composition of the meadows.ConclusionsThe higher proportion of plants with basal growth organs in irrigated meadows suggests that irrigation may enhance a more complex vertical structure of the vegetation. Enhancement of rosettes, semi‐rosettes and legumes at the cost of graminoids through irrigation was more significant in the community than in the species approach, indicating that the functional group response was amplified by the respective dominant species. This highlights the importance of considering species‐level interactions in functional vegetation analysis.
Histological and Histomorphometrical Evaluation of Postextractive Sites Grafted withMg‐Enriched Nano‐Hydroxyapatite: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing 4 Versus 12 Months of Healing
Authors: Canullo Luigi , Wiel Marin Giovanni , Tallarico Marco , Canciani Elena , Musto Federica , Dellavia Claudia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundTooth extraction generally results in an alveolar bone loss and structural changes in the overlying soft tissue. The amount of this relocation might jeopardize prosthetically driven implant placement. Thus, there is a high interest in techniques, materials and timing to minimizing tissue resorption, using postextraction ridge preservation procedures.PurposeTo assess by histological techniques, the outcomes of a socket preservation technique at 4 or 12 months after treatment with a magnesium‐enriched hydroxyapatite (Mg‐eHA).Materials and MethodsPostextraction site in 20 patients underwent ridge preservation procedure.Mg‐eHAgranules were mixed with blood and grafted into the socket. A bone specimen was collected from each site before implant placement after 4 or 12 months randomly. Each biopsy was processed for undecalcified histological analysis. All ground sections were observed under light and polarized microscope. A semi‐quantitative analysis by mean of stereological method was performed to evaluate the average volume fractions of bone, biomaterial and medullary spaces, and the percentage of blood vessels for both timepoints. NonparametricMann–WhitneyUtest for unpaired data was used to detect eventual statistical differences between groups.ResultsHistologically, the biomaterial appeared surrounded by newly formed bone in both groups without inflammatory infiltrate. At 4 months, the remodeling process of collagen matrix was starting from the apical portion toward coronal direction and was more active around grafted particles. At 12 months, the alveolar socket was completely regenerated and filled with mineralized and well‐organized bone tissue around the residual biomaterial particles. In both groups, vessels were present to supply tissues around the graft (at 4 months: 4.95% ± 2.49; at 12 months: 7.45% ± 2.57). Tissue fractions at 4 versus 12 months were respectively: 31.85% ± 6.99 versus 41.32% ± 9.37 for bone (p = .021), 40.82% ± 6.71 versus 26.28% ± 11.49 for residualMg‐eHA(p = .009), and 27.33% ± 7.72 versus 32.40% ± 9.87 for medullary spaces.ConclusionData from the present study show thatMg‐eHAallows the complete healing of the tissue. Additionally, graft material demonstrated to undergo significant resorption during the experimental time frame.
Temporal changes in the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes: findings from the German Health Interview and Examination Surveys in 1997–1999 and 2008–2011
Authors: Heidemann C. , Du Y. , Paprott R. , Haftenberger M. , Rathmann W. , Scheidt‐Nave C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimsNationally representative data on temporal changes in the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, as well as undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes, have been lacking in Germany as in most other European countries. We aimed to fill this gap using data from nationwide examination surveys of German adults.MethodsThe study population comprised 18–79‐year‐old participants from the German Health Interview and Examination Surveys in 1997–1999 (GNHIES98, n = 6655) and 2008–2011 (DEGS1, n = 7017). Participants were classified as having diagnosed diabetes based on self‐reported physician‐diagnosed diabetes or the use of anti‐diabetes agents. Among those without diagnosed diabetes, HbA1c measures were used to define undiagnosed diabetes [≥ 48 mmol/mol (≥ 6.5%)] or prediabetes [39–47 mmol/mol (5.7–6.4%)].ResultsAlthough the age‐ and sex‐standardized prevalence of total diabetes remained stable between 1997–1999 at 9.3% (95% CI 8.3–10.5%) and 2008–2011 at 9.2% (8.3–10.3%), the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes increased from 5.6% (4.9–6.3%) to 7.2% (6.5–8.0%), whereas the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes decreased from 3.8% (3.1–4.6%) to 2.0% (1.5–2.7%), resulting in a decreased proportion of undiagnosed diabetes (40.9% vs. 21.7%). Over the same period, the prevalence of prediabetes decreased from 27.7% (25.6–29.8%) to 20.8% (18.2–23.7%). Observed temporal changes were not explained by changes in BMI, sport activity and educational level.ConclusionsThe two nationwide surveys indicate a shift from undiagnosed to diagnosed diabetes. However, the unchanged prevalence of total diabetes and the considerably high proportion of prediabetes strongly call for a continued and concerted effort in diabetes prevention among German adults.
An integrated pan‐tropical biomass map using multiple reference datasets
Authors: Avitabile Valerio , Herold Martin , Heuvelink Gerard B. M. , Lewis Simon L. , Phillips Oliver L. , Asner Gregory P. , Armston John , Ashton Peter S. , Banin Lindsay , Bayol Nicolas , Berry Nicholas J. , Boeckx Pascal , de Jong Bernardus H. J. , DeVries Ben , Girardin Cecile A. J. , Kearsley Elizabeth , Lindsell Jeremy A. , Lopez‐Gonzalez Gabriela , Lucas Richard , Malhi Yadvinder , Morel Alexandra , Mitchard Edward T. A. , Nagy Laszlo , Qie Lan , Quinones Marcela J. , Ryan Casey M. , Ferry Slik J. W. , Sunderland Terry , Laurin Gaia Vaglio , Gatti Roberto Cazzolla , Valentini Riccardo , Verbeeck Hans , Wijaya Arief , Willcock Simon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe combined two existing datasets of vegetation aboveground biomass (AGB) (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 2011, 9899; Nature Climate Change, 2, 2012, 182) into a pan‐tropical AGB map at 1‐km resolution using an independent reference dataset of field observations and locally calibrated high‐resolution biomass maps, harmonized and upscaled to 14 477 1‐km AGB estimates. Our data fusion approach uses bias removal and weighted linear averaging that incorporates and spatializes the biomass patterns indicated by the reference data. The method was applied independently in areas (strata) with homogeneous error patterns of the input (Saatchi and Baccini) maps, which were estimated from the reference data and additional covariates. Based on the fused map, we estimated AGB stock for the tropics (23.4 N–23.4 S) of 375 Pg dry mass, 9–18% lower than the Saatchi and Baccini estimates. The fused map also showed differing spatial patterns of AGB over large areas, with higher AGB density in the dense forest areas in the Congo basin, Eastern Amazon and South‐East Asia, and lower values in Central America and in most dry vegetation areas of Africa than either of the input maps. The validation exercise, based on 2118 estimates from the reference dataset not used in the fusion process, showed that the fused map had a RMSE 15–21% lower than that of the input maps and, most importantly, nearly unbiased estimates (mean bias 5 Mg dry mass ha−1 vs. 21 and 28 Mg ha−1 for the input maps). The fusion method can be applied at any scale including the policy‐relevant national level, where it can provide improved biomass estimates by integrating existing regional biomass maps as input maps and additional, country‐specific reference datasets.