bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chitosan Concentration, Glycerol and Cashew Peel Extract on the Physical, Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Starch‐Based Films
Authors: Lima Andréa Trigueiro , Silva Hanndson Araujo , Rodrigues Thais Jaciane Araujo , Santos Newton Carlos , Rocha Ana Paula Trindade , de Araújo Gilmar Trindade 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to optimize the formulation of starch‐based films, exploring the synergy between chitosan (1%, 2% and 3%), glycerol (2.5%, 3% and 3.5%) and concentrated cashew peel extract (1%, 2% and 3%), through a central composite design (23). Evaluating their influence on physical, mechanical and morphological properties. All films produced were flexible and did not present cracks when removed from the plates. Water vapour permeability (WVP) (3.03–7.71 gH2O.mm/m2.h.mmHg) and solubility (1.94%–5.31%) were reduced with the combination of higher levels of extract and chitosan, which also influenced the colour of the films (p < 0.05). Increasing the concentration of cashew peel extract increased tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB) of the films. Morphologically, films with lower levels of cashew peel extract exhibited a uniform and less rough surface. Therefore, our results identified an optimized formulation using the combination of 2% extract, 3% chitosan and 3.5% glycerol. This study expanded the development of starch‐based packaging materials with chitosan, glycerol and the addition of plant extract, which can be used in the preservation of fruits and vegetables.
The working conditions of Icelandic upper secondary school teachers during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic: A gender inequality against all odds
Authors: Gestsdóttir Súsanna Margrét , Ragnarsdóttir Guðrún , Björnsdóttir Amalía , Eiríksdóttir Elsa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn Iceland, and around the world, the working environment in upper secondary schools changed dramatically with the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. In our research, we aimed to illuminate the ever‐changing working conditions of teachers in Icelandic upper secondary schools during the first year of the pandemic, especially in the context of gender and family composition. Data came from interviews with 12 teachers and surveys administered to upper secondary school teachers in 33 out of 37 upper‐secondary schools in Iceland with participation from approximately one‐third of the teacher population. The results show that teachers felt increasingly stressed throughout the pandemic and that gender played a significant role. Women, who often also served as primary caregivers at home, found it more strenuous to fulfil their teaching duties than men. The results raise important questions about teachers' working conditions and gender's role therein, especially in a country considered an emblem of success when it comes to gender equality.
Ecological and biogeomorphological modelling of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.): Hints for improvements
Authors: Padoan Francesca , Calvani Giulio , De Cesare Giovanni , Brodersen Jakob , Robinson Christopher T. , Perona Paolo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe loss of biodiversity in freshwater environments is becoming an increasing problem globally. As a result, many tools have been developed and improved to reduce this decline. However, there is still a need for the identification and evaluation of precise restoration measures to improve habitats and preserve sentinel freshwater species, such as brown trout. This paper provides an up‐to‐date viewpoint about the life history, habitat characteristics, suitability conditions, and metapopulation dynamic modelling of brown trout, aiming to identify and discuss gaps and propose possible improvements based on collating and reinterpreting literature data. Results suggest that habitat suitability curves for environmental and hydraulic variables possess some degree of universality, for spawning habitat, fry, juvenile and adult trout. Further, an improved method to estimate the amount of suitable area by including the role of stream obstacles (i.e., macro‐roughness with characteristic size in the order of the mean water depth) is proposed and discussed. This approach can be integrated into advanced metapopulation models and will allow experts to evaluate the best measures towards restoring and preserving freshwater riverine environments.
The application of the analysis framework for compound extreme event dependencies in China
Authors: Wei Haokun , Gao Xichao , Feng Jie , Yang Zhiyong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe escalation of compound extreme events has resulted in noteworthy economic and property losses. Recognizing the intricate interconnections among these events has become imperative. To tackle this challenge, we have formulated a comprehensive framework for the systematic analysis of their dependencies. This framework consists of three steps. (1) Define extreme events using Mahalanobis distance thresholds. (2) Represent dependencies among multiple extreme events through a point process‐based method. (3) Verify dependencies with residual tail coefficients, determining the final dependency structure. Applying this framework to assess the extreme dependence of precipitation on wind speed and temperature in China, revealed four distinct dependency structures. In northern, Jianghuai, and southern China, precipitation heavily relies on wind speed, while temperatures maintain relative independence. In northeastern and northwestern China, precipitation exhibits relative independence, yet a notable dependence exists between temperatures and wind speed. In southwestern China, precipitation strongly depends on temperature, while wind speed remains relatively independent. The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau region displays a significant dependence relationship among precipitation, wind speed, and temperature, with weaker dependence between extreme wind speed and temperature. This framework is instrumental for analyzing dependencies among extreme values in compound events.
P‐219: Research on the Direction of Luminance Modulation at Small Angles Based on Micro Lens
Authors: Li Yao , Fan Wenzhi , Yu Zhonglong , Xu Weiqi , Shen Ying , Li Hui 
Published: July 2024

The study investigated the variations in luminance of active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diodes (AMOLED) when viewed at small angles, employing different micro lens arrangements. By examining the micro lens array (MLA) structure, we analyzed how luminance behaves at various angles. Concurrently, we explored the alignment of red, green, and blue (R/G/B) pixel apertures with the micro lens placement, aiming to achieve precise luminance modulation for acute viewing angles.Initially, micro lens arrays are crafted by utilizing materials with varying refractive indices above the pixel aperture, ensuring total internal reflection of light at thejunction between materials of high and low refractive indices. This arrangement also alters the emission angle of light. Within this architecture, the critical angle — determined by the disparity in refractive indices — and the variance in the angle at the reflective interface are crucial in influencing light emission reflection.Furthermore, we explored how the spacing of graphic openings with low refractive indices influences the angle of light emission. This spacing affects the reflection angle, as it is not produced by a singular interface but rather by a composite of multiple angles. The size of the pixel apertures and the spacing of these openings cause the point of total internal reflection to vary, altering the deflection angle of light. Thus, the design of pixel openings and the external expansion is crucial to controlling the light emission angle.Lastly, we examined the influence of the reflective interface and the external expansion design on the light output angle. This analysis highlighted the enhancement of light output at narrow angles and provided strategies to minimize luminance fluctuations at such angles, contributing to the development of high‐precision luminance control in AMOLED displays.
Multidimensional Engineering Induced Interfacial Polarization by in‐Situ Confined Growth of MoS2 Nanosheets for Enhanced Microwave Absorption
Authors: Luo Kaicheng , Xu Chunyang , Du Yiqian , Lv Xiaowei , Yang Xiaofen , Liu Min , Zhao Wenxuan , Zhang Chang , Lai Yuxiang , Liu Zhengwang , Che Renchao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInterface design has enormous potential for the enhancement of interfacial polarization and microwave absorption properties. However, the construction of interfaces is always limited in components of a single dimension. Developing systematic strategies to customize multidimensional interfaces and fully utilize advantages of low‐dimensional materials remains challenging. Two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have garnered significant attention owing to their distinctive electrical conductivity and exceptional interfacial effects. In this study, a series of hollow TMDCs@C fibers are synthesized via sacrificial template of CdS and confined growth of TMDCs embedded in the fibers. The complex permittivity of the hollow TMDCs@C fibers can be adjusted by tuning the content of CdS templates. Importantly, the multidimensional interfaces of the fibers contribute to elevating the microwave absorption performance. Among the hollow TMDCs@C fibers, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of the hollow MoS2@C fibers can reach −52.0 dB at the thickness of 2.5 mm, with a broad effective absorption bandwidth of 4.56 GHz at 2.0 mm. This work establishes an alternative approach for constructing multidimensional coupling interfaces and optimizing TMDCs as microwave absorption materials.
Revisiting the Charging Mechanism of α‐MnO2 in Mildly Acidic Aqueous Zinc Electrolytes
Authors: Wu LangYuan , Li ZhiWei , Xiang YuXuan , Dong WenDi , Qi XiaoDong , Ling ZhenXiao , Xu YingHong , Wu HaiYang , Levi Mikhael D. , Shpigel Netanel , Zhang XiaoGang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there have been extensive debates regarding the charging mechanism of MnO2 cathodes in aqueous Zn electrolytes. The discussion centered on several key aspects including the identity of the charge carriers contributing to the overall capacity, the nature of the electrochemical process, and the role of the zinc hydroxy films that are reversibly formed during the charging/discharging. Intense studies are also devoted to understanding the effect of the Mn2+ additive on the performance of the cathodes. Nevertheless, it seems that a consistent explanation of the α‐MnO2 charging mechanism is still lacking. To address this, a step‐by‐step analysis of the MnO2 cathodes is conducted. Valuable information is obtained by using in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (EQCM‐D) monitoring, supplemented by solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) in Characterization of Materials, and pH measurements. The findings indicate that the charging mechanism is dominated by the insertion of H3O+ ions, while no evidence of Zn2+ intercalation is found. The role of the Mn2+ additive in promoting the generation of protons by forming MnOOH, enhancing the stability of Zn/α‐MnO2 batteries is thoroughly investigated. This work provides a comprehensive overview on the electrochemical and the chemical reactions associated with the α‐MnO2 electrodes, and will pave the way for further development of aqueous cathodes for Zn‐ion batteries.
Serial Nitrogen‐Doped Metal/Carbon Composites Derived from Organic Salts for Superior Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Xu Xiaodan , Qu Henghui , Wang Yanxiang , Wang Chengjuan , Wu Simeng , Wang Chengguo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present study provides a facile one‐pot pyrolysis strategy to prepare serial nitrogen‐doped (N‐doped) metal/carbon composites derived from six types of metal ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA‐M, M = Co, Cu, Mn, Fe, Mg, and Ca). N‐doped Co/C composite integrated carbonaceous with magnetic components to attain dielectric‐magnetic double loss mechanisms. The minimum reflection loss and effective absorption bandwidth reached −57.6 dB at 1.75 mm and 4.64 GHz at 1.52 mm, respectively. The electromagnetic simulation further confirms that the dissipation ability increases with the improvement of carbonization temperature. Results show that altering the metal species of precursors can significantly improve the electrochemical performance of the composites using the identical strategy. N‐doped Cu/C composite performed a maximum specific capacitance of 2383.3 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1−1, and maintained 86.3% cycling stability at 20 A g−1 after 5000 cycles. The energy density of a symmetrical two‐electrode configuration achieved 350.13 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 4000.04 W kg−1. Density functional theory calculations indicate that nitrogen dopants cause faster ion transport and stronger adsorption capacity. Moreover, the bifunctionality of other composites types are also systematically characterized.
A Multi‐functional Hybrid System Comprised of Polydopamine Nanobottles and Biological Effectors for Cartilage Repair
Authors: Hao Min , Xia Younan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBiological effectors play critical roles in augmenting the repair of cartilage injuries, but it remains a challenge to control their release in a programmable, stepwise fashion. Herein, a hybrid system consisting of polydopamine (PDA) nanobottles embedded in a hydrogel matrix to manage the release of biological effectors for use in cartilage repair is reported. Specifically, a homing effector is load in the hydrogel matrix, together with the encapsulation of a cartilage effector in PDA nanobottles filled with phase‐change material. In action, the homing effector is quickly released from the hydrogel in the initial step to recruit stem cells from the surroundings. Owing to the antioxidation effect of PDA, the recruited cells are shielded from reactive oxygen species. The cartilage effector is then slowly released from the nanobottles to promote chondrogenic differentiation, facilitating cartilage repair. Altogether, this strategy encompassing recruitment, protection, and differentiation of stem cells offers a viable route to tissue repair or regeneration through stem cell therapy.
Green and Scalable Preparation of an Isomeric CALF‐20 Adsorbent with Tailored Pore Size for Molecular Sieving of Propylene from Propane
Authors: Deng Zhenning , Yang Longsheng , Xiong Hanting , Liu Junhui , Liu Xing , Zhou Zhenyu , Chen Shixia , Wang Yanan , Wang Hao , Chen Jingwen , Deng Shuguang , Chen Banglin , Wang Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMolecular sieving of propylene (C3H6) from propane (C3H8) is highly demanded for C3H6 purification. However, delicate control over aperture size to achieve both high C3H6 uptake and C3H6/C3H8 selectivity with low cost remains a significant challenge. Herein, a green and scalable approach is reported for preparing an isomeric CALF‐20 adsorbent, termed as NCU‐20, using water as the only solvent with a cost of $10 per kilogram. NCU‐20 features a contracted pore size (4.2 × 4.7 Å2) compared to CALF‐20 (5.2 × 5.7 Å2), which enables molecular sieving of C3H6 (4.16 × 4.65 Å2) from C3H8 (4.20 × 4.80 Å2). Notably, NCU‐20 exhibits record‐high C3H6 adsorption capacity (94.41 cm3 cm−3) at 298 K and 1.0 bar, outperforming all C3H6/C3H8 molecular sieving adsorbents. The sieving performances of C3H6/C3H8 are well maintained at elevated temperatures. Therefore, a delicate balance between C3H6 adsorption capacity (91.62 cm3 cm−3) and C3H6/C3H8 selectivity (uptake ratio of 22.2) is obtained on NCU‐20 at 298 K and 0.5 bar. Furthermore, dynamic breakthrough experiments demonstrate a high productivity of 65.39 cm3 cm−3 for high‐purity C3H6 (>99.5%) from an equimolar C3H6/C3H8 gas‐mixture.
Blind competition on the numerical simulation of slabs reinforced with conventional flexural reinforcement and fibers subjected to punching loading configuration
Authors: Barros Joaquim A. O. , Sanz Beatriz , Filho Marcílio , Kabele Petr , Yu Rena C. , Meschke Günther , Planas Jaime , Cunha Vitor , Neu Gerrit E. , Caggiano Antonio , Gouveia Ventura , Ozyurt Nilüfer , Poveda Elisa , van den Bos Ab , Červenka Jan , Gal Erez , Rossi Pierre , Dias‐da‐Costa Daniel , Juhasz Peter K. , Cendón David , Ruiz Gonzalo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper describes the 3rd Blind Simulation Competition (BSC) organized by the fib WP 2.4.1 which aims to assess the predictive performance of models based on the finite element method (FEM) for analysis and design of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) structures submitted to loading and support conditions that promote punching failure mode. Fiber reinforcement is used in an attempt to eliminate conventional punching reinforcement and provide technical and economic advantages. The two tested real‐size prototypes represent a column‐slab interior region of an elevated steel‐fiber reinforced concrete (E‐SFRC) slab where anti‐progressive collapse reinforcement is disposed in the alignment of columns/piles. Despite a punching failure surface being formed in both experimentally tested prototypes at the rupture stage, fiber reinforcement was able to mobilize the yield capacity of the conventional flexural reinforcement, providing high deformation capacity, and ductility to the prototypes. The average post‐peak load‐carrying capacity of the tested prototypes at a deflection seven times higher than the deflection at yield initiation of the conventional reinforcement was still 90% of the average peak load. Regarding the BSC, a total of 26 proposals were received and involved 94 participants from 29 institutions and 17 countries, with 53.9% using smeared crack models (SCMs), 30.8% a concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model, 3.8% discrete crack models (DCMs) and 11.5% considered as “other models.” From these simulations it was verified, in average terms, that SCM assured the best predictive performance apart from the average strain in the SFRC and the maximum crack width which were better predicted by DCM. More accurate predictions were obtained by using in‐house software than by adopting commercial software.
A generalized van Genuchten model for unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity
Authors: Ghorbani Asghar , Sadeghi Morteza , Tuller Markus , Durner Wolfgang , Jones Scott B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe hydrodynamics of variably saturated soils or porous media in general are described via nonlinear functions of water retention and hydraulic conductivity, which facilitate the simulation of various mass and energy transport processes (e.g., water, heat, contaminants, colloids) within the porous medium. We set out to derive improved functions for more accurate estimations of soil hydraulic functions to advance the simulation of porous medium hydrodynamics. A new model is proposed for estimating the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (UHC) from a soil water retention (SWR) function that is parameterized via nonlinear regression of measured data. The function can be viewed as a generalized van Genuchten (1980) model (GVG). We tested the new SWR and UHC expressions for numerous data sets from literature that cover a wide range of soil textures. Our comparisons reveal more accurate estimations using the GVG model by comparison with the original van Genuchten model.
The limits of “resilience”: Relationalities, contradictions, and re‐appropriations
Authors: Davies Jonathan S. , Arrieta Tania 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe concept of “resilience” is ubiquitous in global governance, extending from climate and ecological issues to practically all spheres of human endeavor. However, post‐pandemic discourses suggest that the concept may no longer be capable of synthesizing diverse and diverging geopolitical interests into common policy goals. Responding to what we see as an emerging “crisis of resilience,” we reconsider the utility of the concept and advance “irresilience” as its critical relational “other.” We argue that to make resilience meaningful in a “polycrisis,” it is necessary to think about it dialectically and consider how it is undermined by the very actors that evangelize it.This article is categorized under:
International Policy Framework > Policy and Governance
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives
The Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Climate and Development > Sustainability and Human Well‐Being
Recent trends and developments in protection systems for microgrids incorporating distributed generation
Authors: Ashraf Sobia , Hasan Osman , Evkay Ibrahim , Selamogullari Ugur S. , Baysal Mustafa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicrogrids are integral to power grids; they enhance grid reliability by integrating distributed generators (DGs) to fulfill the local load requirements, lowering energy generation costs, and providing eco‐friendly energy resources to reduce carbon emissions. Despite their benefits, new capabilities also introduce protection‐related complexities, including bidirectional power flow, varying fault currents, false tripping, relay reach limitations, coordination issues, and the requirement for proper grounding. This article offers a detailed review of protection issues in AC, DC, and hybrid AC–DC microgrids, investigating existing approaches to address these issues. Furthermore, the constraints and hurdles associated with these approaches and the future trends and intelligent approaches required to develop a reliable and efficient protection strategy are also identified in this article.This article is categorized under:
Energy and Power Systems > Microgrids
Energy and Power Systems > Distributed Generation
Business Model Innovation Capability: A Game Changer for Sustaining a Firm’s Edge
Authors: Zott Christoph , Amit Raphael , Giesen Edward 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping business model innovation capability is a game changer which allows companies to stay at the top of their game in a rapidly changing world. To maintain their firm’s competitive edge, managers must continuously evaluate the extent to which there is a fit between their company’s business model, market needs, and the external environment. In this chapter, we are proposing a three-phase, interrelated, and mutually reinforcing process framework for building a business model innovation capability. When carried out repeatedly and mindfully over multiple business model innovation initiatives, the process enables managers to build their firm’s business model innovation capability. Our chapter highlights the strategic role of design as a cornerstone for building a firm-level capability, not just as a practical tool for innovation. It also provides practitioners with an actionable framework for business model innovation.
The Catalytic Role of Sustainability Transitions for Business Models
Authors: Lüdeke-Freund Florian , Wells Peter , Aagaard Annabeth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the dynamic realm of global business and the pressing climate crisis, the need for sustainability transitions has become a pivotal catalyst for change, fundamentally reshaping the core tenets of companies’ business models. In this chapter, we delve into the notion of sustainability transitions and discuss the dynamic interplay between business models and the broader socio-technical contexts in which they operate. The chapter argues that sustainability transitions are a game-changing lens through which businesses can understand, respond to, and influence the changing world around them. This leads to reflections on the nature of so-called business models for sustainability transitions (BMfST), which might become a new breed of sustainability-oriented business models. The chapter concludes with illustrations of three categories of business models which represent antecedents of future BMfST, as well as a set of tentative principles for thinking about business model design catalysed by sustainability transitions.