bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurodevelopmental Outcome of High Risk Newborns Discharged from Special Care Baby Units in a Rural District in India
Authors: Chattopadhyay Nandita , Mitra Kaninika 
Published: March 2015

Background High risk newborns are most vulnerable to develop neuro-developmental delay (NDD). Early detection of delay in this group and identification of associated perinatal factors and their prevention can prevent disability in later life. Design and methods Observational cohort study. Field based tracking and neuro-developmental screening of high risk newborns discharged between January 2010 to June 2012 from a district Hospital in India was conducted by a team of developmental specialists, using standardized tools like Denver Developmental Screening Tool II, Trivandrum Developmental Screening Chart and Amiel-Tison method of tone assessment. Associated perinatal factors were identified. Early intervention was initiated on those detected with NDD. Results Developmental delay was detected in 31.6% of study population. Prevalence of NDD was significantly higher in low birth weight (LBW, >2 kg), preterm (<36 weeks) and twins. Neonatal sepsis/meningitis and convulsions also showed significant association with NDD. Of the 134 with developmental delay, 61 were preterm, 80 LBW, with h/o sepsis in 52, convulsion in 14, birth asphyxia in 39 and jaundice in 14 neonates. Conclusions Incidence of NDD among high risk newborns is significantly high with LBW, prematurity and neonatal illnesses are major contributors. Most NDDs go undetected in the early years of life. Improved perinatal care, early detection and early intervention at the grass root level will bring down incidence of developmental challenges in this vulnerable group.
An Examination of Health Inequities among College Students by Sexual Orientation Identity and Sex
Authors: Brittain Danielle R. , Dinger Mary K. 
Published: March 2015

Background Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) college students may have an increased number of health inequities compared to their heterosexual counterparts. However, to date, no research has provided a comprehensive examination of health-related factors by sexual orientation identity and sex among a national sample of college students. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine physical, sexual, interpersonal relations/safety, and mental health inequities by sexual orientation identity and sex among a national sample of college students. Design and methods Participants (n=39,767) completed the National College Health Assessment II during the fall 2008/spring 2009 academic year. Hierarchical binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine health inequities by sexual orientation identity and sex. Results LGB students compared to heterosexual students, experienced multiple health inequities including higher rates of being verbally threatened and lower rates of physical activity and condom use. Conclusions An understanding of health inequities experienced by LGB college students is critical as during these years of transition, students engage in protective ( e.g., physical activity) and risky ( e.g., lack of condom use) health behaviours, establishing habits that could last a lifetime. Future research should be used to design and implement targeted public health strategies and policies to reduce health inequities and improve health-related quality of life among LGB college students.
Chern Classes of Splayed Intersections
Authors: Aluffi Paolo , Faber Eleonore 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe generalize the Chern class relation for the transversal intersection of two nonsingular varieties to a relation for possibly singular varieties, under a splayedness assumption. We show that the relation for the Chern–Schwartz–MacPherson classes holds for two splayed hypersurfaces in a nonsingular variety, and under a strong splayedness assumption for more general subschemes. Moreover, the relation is shown to hold for the Chern–Fulton classes of any two splayed subschemes. The main tool is a formula for Segre classes of splayed subschemes. We also discuss the Chern class relation under the assumption that one of the varieties is a general very ample divisor.
Assessing the Oral Health Awareness among the Final Year Undergraduate Nursing Students in Abha, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Asif Naheeda , Asif Shaik Mohammed , Babu Dara Balaji Gandhi , Whagrey Shefali 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTBackground and aimNurses have first level of contact with patients and their attendants. The services of nurses are also required in promoting the oral health knowledge among the general public. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the oral health awareness of all the final year undergraduate nursing students in Abha, Saudi Arabia.Materials and methodsA questionnaire based study was conducted in Abha, in which for a total of 204 final year undergraduate nursing students who gathered on the day of survey were given a self-administered questionnaire which included 26 questions and their knowledge and attitude toward dentistry was evaluated.Statistical analysisData analysis was done using statistical package for social science (SPSS 12.0) software and Chisquare test was used to find the statistical significance among the variables.ResultsThe results of the study indicate that the final year undergraduate nursing students have adequate basic knowledge regarding the oral cavity and the diseases pertaining to it, but they lack knowledge regarding the ideal brushing method, specialties in dentistry and their role. They have shown interest to improve their knowledge in dentistry by attending training programs and camps.ConclusionNursing students have showed interest toward camps and clinical postings to improve there knowledge and serve the public. There exists a critical relationship between oral and general health, thus the education of healthcare workers and opportunities for cross-fertilization of ideas should be encouraged.How to cite this articleAsif N, Asif SM, Babu DBG, Whagrey S. Assessing the Oral Health Awareness among the Final Year Undergraduate Nursing Students in Abha, Saudi Arabia. World J Dent 2014;5(4):213-217.
3D Finite Element Technology and Its use in Craniofacial Injuries
Authors: Raghuveer HP , Prashanth NT , Rangan Vinod , Shobha ES , Nagesh Suresh , Rayapati Dilip Kumar 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTQuite a bit of interest and evolution has happened in the field of research in the recent times toward analyzing and understanding of trauma and injuries especially that on the human skull and related organs. With the development of faster and latest computers, high fidelity human models have been created to understand the biomechanics of these structures to trauma. In the present article a broad methodology of the fundamentals of model creation and analysis and fracture mechanics has been presented. In particular this paper highlights the methodology of 3D simulation of craniofacial region and an insight to the role of FEA (Finite Element Analysis) in craniofacial trauma. The paper also explains the various steps in computational simulation of the craniofacial skeleton.How to cite this articleShobha ES, Raghuveer HP, Nagesh S, Rayapati DK, Prashanth NT, Rangan V. 3D Finite Element Technology and Its use in Craniofacial Injuries. World J Dent 2014;5(4):223-228.
Single Tooth Intrusion simplified with New Removable Orthodontic Appliance: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Mittal Anil Kumar , Sharma Ruchi , Garg Pratibha , Sidana Amit 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Intrusion of single anterior tooth done by fixed orthodontic appliance is a tedious procedure for orthodontist as well as for the patient which may be quite expensive and time consuming. The use of a new modified removable orthodontic appliance is illustrated in two case reports in this article which is especially beneficial for such cases. This removable appliance is comprised of a labial bow of 21 gauge stainless steel wire with soldered high labial bow of 19 gauge stainless steel wire which has a soldered hook permitting the use of elastic. Adams clasp and pinhead clasps are used for retention of the appliance. During intrusive force application, one component is for intrusion of tooth and other component is for labial movement. This appliance is fabricated in such a manner that the labial movement is prevented by labial component of wire and is converted into pure intrusive force as much as possible. Force levels used for tooth movement are kept within physiologic limits while using this appliance. A though, this appliance is advantageous over fixed orthodontics due its simpler and quicker chair-side procedure and low cost of treatment associated with patient comfort, patient co-operation is must for the success of this therapy.

How to cite this article
Mittal AK, Sharma R, Garg P, Sidana A. Single Tooth Intrusion simplified with New Removable Orthodontic Appliance: Report of Two Cases. World J Dent 2014;5(4):232-236.
An Unusual Presentation of a Neck Dermoid Cyst
Authors: Arora Geetika , Bhateja Sumit 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Dermoid cysts are cystic malformations lined with squamous epithelium and constitute 1.6 to 6.9% of all cysts in the head and neck area. Within head and neck region, they are predominantly found in orbital, oral and nasal regions (over 80%) and remainder found in occipital, frontal, lip, neck, soft palate. Dermoid cysts are benign lesions usually presenting as a mid line neck mass. They rarely appear in lateral region. So, the purpose of this report is to present and discuss a rare case of posterolateral cervical dermoid cyst.

How to cite this article
Bhateja S, Arora G. An Unusual Presentation of a Neck Dermoid Cyst. World J Dent 2014; 5(4):237-239.
Management of Animal Bites in Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Louis Archana , Dhupar Vikas , Akkara Francis , Roy Indraniil 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Bite injuries tend to be among the most typical forms of trauma to which man is exposed. Contamination is actually the most frequent problem in animal attack injuries. The surgical approach regarding facial bite injuries continues to be debatable. The controversy persists in the ideal time to do the wound debridement together with initial wound suturing as well as the use of antibiotic prophylaxis. On the contrary, human attacks are likely to be unnoticed with regard to making an evaluation within any casualty room. They can be especially notorious owing to the polymicrobial character associated with human saliva inoculated within the injury as well as the threat that they will present with for transmission of contagious health conditions. Prompt treatment plan, most appropriate prophylaxis in addition to precise evaluation are definitely critical for attaining desired results. In this article, we have presented two animal bite cases and 1 human bite case that presented to our department and our management protocol.

How to cite this article
Dhupar V, Akkara F, Roy I, Louis A. Management of Animal Bites in Maxillofacial Surgery. World J Dent 2014;5(4):243-246.
Parameterized Algorithmics and Computational Experiments for Finding 2-Clubs
Authors: Hartung Sepp , Komusiewicz Christian , Nichterlein André 
Published: March 2015

Given an undirected graph G=(V,E) and an integer l ≥ 1, the NP-hard 2-CLUB problem asks for a vertex set S ⊆ V of size at least l such that the subgraph induced by S has diameter at most two. In this work, we extend previous parameterized complexity studies for 2-CLUB. On the positive side, we give polynomial-size problem kernels for the parameters feedback edge set size of G and size of a cluster editing set of G and present a direct combinatorial algorithm for the parameter treewidth of G. On the negative side, we first show that unless NP ⊆ coNP/poly, 2-CLUB does not admit a polynomial-size problem kernel with respect to the size of a vertex cover of G. Next, we show that, under the strong exponential time hypothesis, a previous O(2|V|−l·|V||E|)-time search tree algorithm [Schäfer et al., Optim. Lett. 2012] cannot be improved and that, unless NP ⊆ coNP/poly, there is no polynomial-size problem kernel for the dual parameter |V|−l. Finally, we show that, in spite of this lower bound, the search tree algorithm for the dual parameter |V|−l can be tuned into an efficient exact algorithm for 2-CLUB that outperforms previous implementations.
Single‐Channel Recording of Glutamate Receptors
Authors: Shelley Chris 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHighlighted in this unit are issues that should be considered when recording glutamate receptors at the single‐channel level, including some commonly encountered problems and their remedies. “
UNIT 11.17
, Single‐Channel Analysis of Glutamate Receptors” describes analysis techniques used to characterize the recorded single‐channel properties. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Single‐Channel Analysis of Glutamate Receptors
Authors: Shelley Chris 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis is a companion to
UNIT 11.16
: Single‐Channel Recording of Glutamate Receptors. Described here are techniques for analyzing single‐channel currents recorded from glutamate receptors to characterize their properties. In addition, issues that need to be taken into account when analyzing glutamate receptor single‐channel recording results are discussed. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Basic Techniques in Mammalian Cell Tissue Culture
Authors: Phelan Katy , May Kristin M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCultured mammalian cells are used extensively in cell biology studies. It requires a number of special skills in order to be able to preserve the structure, function, behavior, and biology of the cells in culture. This unit describes the basic skills required to maintain and preserve cell cultures: maintaining aseptic technique, preparing media with the appropriate characteristics, passaging, freezing and storage, recovering frozen stocks, and counting viable cells. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reconstitution of a Bioengineered Salivary Gland Using a Three‐Dimensional Cell Manipulation Method
Authors: Ogawa Miho , Tsuji Takashi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOne concept in regenerative therapy is the replacement of a lost or damaged organ with a regenerated, fully functional organ. Three‐dimensional cell manipulation techniques, designated “organ germ methods,” enable the normal development of a bioengineered organ germ in several types of ectodermal organs, such as teeth, hair follicles, and secretory glands. This method is useful for both organ regeneration technology and developmental biology, including cell kinetic analysis and the elucidation of gene regulation during organogenesis. Here, we describe a protocol for salivary gland reconstitution using the organ germ method to transplant a bioengineered salivary gland germ. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Whistler mode wave generation at the edges of a magnetic dip
Authors: Zhima Zeren , Cao Jinbin , Fu Huishan , Liu Wenlong , Chen Lunjin , Dunlop Malcolm , Zhang Xue Min , Shen Xu Hui 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOn 18 May 2011, the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms satellite observed whistler mode waves associated with a magnetic dip behind a dipolarization front structure in the bursty bulk flow braking region. For the first time, we find that whistler mode waves are generated at the edges of magnetic dip rather than at the center (also known as “minimum‐B‐pocket”). Detailed wave analysis indicates that the waves are likely lower and upper band whistler mode chorus. We examine electron pitch angle distributions at the edges of dip and compare them with those at the center and far outside the magnetic dip. Results confirm that the positive temperature anisotropy and pancake distributions at the edges of magnetic dip provide free energy source for growth of the whistler mode waves. We also interpret the whole physical process of how whistler mode waves generate in this event.
Near‐surface versus fault zone damage following the 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake: Observation and simulation of repeating earthquakes
Authors: Chen Kate Huihsuan , Furumura Takashi , Rubinstein Justin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe observe crustal damage and its subsequent recovery caused by the 1999 M7.6 Chi‐Chi earthquake in central Taiwan. Analysis of repeating earthquakes in Hualien region, ~70 km east of the Chi‐Chi earthquake, shows a remarkable change in wave propagation beginning in the year 2000, revealing damage within the fault zone and distributed across the near surface. We use moving window cross correlation to identify a dramatic decrease in the waveform similarity and delays in theSwave coda. The maximum delay is up to 59 ms, corresponding to a 7.6% velocity decrease averaged over the wave propagation path. The waveform changes on either side of the fault are distinct. They occur in different parts of the waveforms, affect different frequencies, and the size of the velocity reductions is different. Using a finite difference method, we simulate the effect of postseismic changes in the wavefield by introducingSwave velocity anomaly in the fault zone and near the surface. The models that best fit the observations point to pervasive damage in the near surface and deep, along‐fault damage at the time of the Chi‐Chi earthquake. The footwall stations show the combined effect of near‐surface and the fault zone damage, where the velocity reduction (2–7%) is twofold to threefold greater than the fault zone damage observed in the hanging wall stations. The physical models obtained here allow us to monitor the temporal evolution and recovering process of the Chi‐Chi fault zone damage.
A mechanistic semi‐analytical method for remotely sensing sea surface pCO2 in river‐dominated coastal oceans: A case study from the East China Sea
Authors: Bai Yan , Cai Wei‐Jun , He Xianqiang , Zhai Weidong , Pan Delu , Dai Minhan , Yu Peisong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWhile satellite remote sensing has become a very useful tool contributing to assessments of sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) that subsequently allow quantification of air‐sea CO2 flux, the application of empirical approaches in coastal oceans has proven challenging owing to the interaction of multiple controlling factors. We propose a “mechanistic semi‐analytic algorithm” (MeSAA) to estimate sea surface pCO2 in river‐dominated coastal oceans using satellite data. Observed pCO2 can be analytically expressed as the sum of individual components controlled by major factors such as thermodynamics (or temperature), mixing, and biology. With marine carbonate system calculations, temperature and mixing effects can be predicted using thermodynamic principles and by assuming conservative two end‐member mixing of total dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity (e.g., the Changjiang River and Kuroshio water in the East China Sea, ECS). Next, an integral expression for pCO2 drawdown due to biological effects can be parameterized using the chlorophyll a concentration (chla). We demonstrate the validity and applicability of the algorithm in the ECS during summertime. Sensitivity analysis shows that errors in empirical coefficients and three input satellite parameters (salinity, SST, chla) have limited influence on the algorithm, and satellite‐derived pCO2 is consistent with underway data, even though no in situ pCO2 data from the ECS shelves was used to train the algorithm. Our algorithm has more physical and biogeochemical mechanistic meaning than empirical methods, and should be applicable to other similar systems.
Bottom‐pressure signature of annual baroclinic Rossby waves in the northeast tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Piecuch Christopher G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe annual cycle in bottom pressure (pb) in the northeast tropical Pacific Ocean (NTPO) is studied. Focus is on a zonal section along 12°N between 105°W and 145°W that is characterized by a strong annual cycle in sea level from satellite altimetry. Estimates of pb from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), a state estimate produced by the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) consortium, and a linear Rossby wave model (LRWM) are used. The GRACE NTPO pb annual cycle shows amplitudes as large as 1 cm water equivalent. The GRACE data also evidence westward propagation that is consistent with the behavior of long mode‐1 Rossby waves at this latitude, with phase increasing from east to west at a rate of ∼0.34 m s−1. The ECCO and LRWM pb estimates corroborate the notion that GRACE reveals the pb signature of annual Rossby waves driven by interior wind stress curl and possibly damped by frictional processes. Results have implications for attempts to constrain global ocean mass using a single point mooring.
Climate engineering of vegetated land for hot extremes mitigation: An Earth system model sensitivity study
Authors: Wilhelm Micah , Davin Edouard L. , Seneviratne Sonia I. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVarious climate engineering schemes have been proposed as a way to curb anthropogenic climate change. Land climate engineering schemes aiming to reduce the amount of solar radiation absorbed at the surface by changes in land surface albedo have been considered in a limited number of investigations. However, global studies on this topic have generally focused on the impacts on mean climate rather than extremes. Here we present the results of a series of transient global climate engineering sensitivity experiments performed with the Community Earth System Model over the time period 1950–2100 under historical and Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenarios. Four sets of experiments are performed in which the surface albedo over snow‐free vegetated grid points is increased respectively by 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20. The simulations show a preferential cooling of hot extremes relative to mean temperatures throughout the Northern midlatitudes during boreal summer under the late twentieth century conditions. Two main mechanisms drive this response: On the one hand, a stronger efficacy of the albedo‐induced radiative forcing on days with high incoming shortwave radiation and, on the other hand, enhanced soil moisture‐induced evaporative cooling during the warmest days relative to the control simulation due to accumulated soil moisture storage and reduced drying. The latter effect is dominant in summer in midlatitude regions and also implies a reduction of summer drought conditions. It thus constitutes another important benefit of surface albedo modifications in reducing climate change impacts. The simulated response for the end of the 21st century conditions is of the same sign as that for the end of the twentieth century conditions but indicates an increasing absolute impact of land surface albedo increases in reducing mean and extreme temperatures under enhanced greenhouse gas forcing.
Universal Non‐Antibody Detection of Protein Phosphorylation Using pIMAGO
Authors: Iliuk Anton B. , Tao W. Andy 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article describes methods for a new, non‐antibody phosphorylation detection reagent, termed pIMAGO (phospho‐imaging). This novel reagent takes advantage not only of the unique properties of the soluble nanoparticles, but also of the multiple functionalities of the molecule, allowing for highly selective, sensitive, and quantitative assessment of protein phosphorylation without using radioactive isotopes or phospho‐specific antibodies. The methods allow for multiplexed detection of phosphorylation and total protein amount simultaneously. The straightforward and routine detection and quantitation of general phosphorylation on any site of any protein can be performed in western blot and ELISA formats. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.