bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sodium Chloride on the Surface and Wetting Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Cocamidopropyl Betaine
Authors: Staszak Katarzyna , Wieczorek Daria , Michocka Katarzyna 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSurfactants are important ingredients of personal care products and household products. The main characteristic of these compounds is to decrease the surface tension of solvent and resulting many properties such as contact angle, foam properties etc. The coexistence of other ingredients in the product may affect the properties of surfactants. One of the main components contained in almost every personal care and household product is sodium chloride. The main aim of this work was to determine the effect of this salt on some surface and usage properties of cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB). From our experiments it was shown that the effect of added sodium chloride in the aqueous solutions of CAPB on the properties is the opposite to the one described in the literature for cationic and anionic surfactants, i.e., CMC increases with increasing ionic strength, foam height decreases with increasing salt concentration. Our investigation showed that sodium chloride makes worse the properties of the CAPB solutions examined in this work.
Ekphrasis and the Theme of Artistic Failure in Ovid's Metamorphoses
Authors: Leach Eleanor Winsor 
Published: September 2014

In his review of the first edition of Brooks Otis'sOvid as an Epic Poet, William Anderson challenges the notion that structural symmetry is the principle that governs Ovid's narrative design. To propose an alternative view of Ovidian aesthetics, he takes for his example the weaving contest of Arachne and Minerva in Book 6. Minerva's tapestry which depicts her own victory in the contest for the naming of Athens is arranged in a completely symmetrical design. The judging gods stand six on either side of Jupiter; the disputants likewise stand on opposite sides. Each corner of the tapestry contains a panel showing the punishment of mortals who in one way or another have challenged the gods, and the whole is framed with an ornamental border of olive leaves. “The goddess,” as Anderson says, “produced a perfect piece of Classicistic art, structurally balanced and thematically grandiose, in support of the established order.” With this monumental and authoritarian piece of work, the tapestry of Minerva's rival Arachne contrasts in every way. It is flagrantly asymmetrical and lifelike:a swirl of divine figures in unedifying situations … one god after another gratifying his lust for a human woman. There is no apparent structure to the tapestry which consists of nine affairs of Jupiter; six of Neptune; four of Apollo and one each of Liber and Saturn. Juxtaposed as they apparently are, they have a cumulative effect, much as Baroque paintings do by contrast with the neatly arranged masterpieces of Raphael.
Microanalysis Characterization of Bioactive Protein-Bound Polysaccharides Produced by Amanita Ponderosa Cultures
Authors: Salvador Cátia , Martins M. Rosário , Caldeira A. Teresa 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDifferent compounds of edible mushrooms are responsible for their bioactivity. The ability to synthesize polysaccharides, namely protein–polysaccharide (PPS) complexes, is related to the antioxidant capacity of these compounds and present great interest in preventing a number of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and auto-immune diseases, and accelerated aging. Amanita ponderosa are wild edible mushrooms that grow in Mediterranean “montado” areas [Portuguese name given to cork oak (Quercus suber) and holm oak (Quercus ilex) forests]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of PPS complexes obtained from A. ponderosa cultures using a new microanalytical approach to quickly and easily monitor the production process. Microanalysis using Fourier-transform infrared using attenuated total reflection and Raman spectroscopy of PPS samples showed spectra compatible with identification of this type of compound in culture extracts. PPS separated by size-exclusion chromatography showed seven main complexes. Molecular weights of the main PPS complexes isolated from cultures ranged between 1.5 and 20 kDa and did not present toxicity against Artemia salina, demonstrating the potential of A. ponderosa as a source of biologically active compounds with nutraceutical value. Application of this microanalytical approach to monitoring the production of PPS compounds can be successfully applied in biotechnological processes.
Co-Precipitated and Collocated Carbides and Cu-Rich Precipitates in a Fe–Cu Steel Characterized by Atom-Probe Tomography
Authors: Kolli R. Prakash , Seidman David N. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe composition of co-precipitated and collocated NbC carbide precipitates, Fe3C iron carbide (cementite), and Cu-rich precipitates are studied experimentally by atom-probe tomography (APT). The Cu-rich precipitates located at a grain boundary (GB) are also studied. The APT results for the carbides are supplemented with computational thermodynamics predictions of composition at thermodynamic equilibrium. Two types of NbC carbide precipitates are distinguished based on their stoichiometric ratio and size. The Cu-rich precipitates at the periphery of the iron carbide and at the GB are larger than those distributed in theα-Fe (body-centered cubic) matrix, which is attributed to short-circuit diffusion of Cu along the GB. Manganese segregation is not observed at the heterophase interfaces of the Cu-rich precipitates that are located at the periphery of the iron carbide or at the GB, which is unlike those located at the edge of the NbC carbide precipitates or distributed in theα-Fe matrix. This suggests the presence of two populations of NiAl-type (B2 structure) phases at the heterophase interfaces in multicomponent Fe–Cu steels.
Formation and catalytic performance of novel colourful BiOI photocatalysts with adjustable bandgap under visible light
Authors: Yang Jian , Zhang Feng‐Jun , Xie Fa‐Zhi , Xie Wen‐Jie , Hu Han‐Mei , Zhu Lei , Oh Won‐Chun 
Published: September 2014

A series of novel colourful BiOI photocatalysts have been synthesised by a simple oil bath method at 160°C. Several characterisation tools including X‐ray diffraction, a scanning electron microscope, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy were used to study the phase structure, morphologies, bandgap and catalytic performance of the prepared samples. The results show that BiOI exhibited higher photocatalytic efficiency under visible light (λ > 420 nm) in the degradation of methyl orange. This result could be because of the narrow bandgap, for which Eg is about 1.4–2.25 eV, and a number of active positions for catalysts. h+ acts as the main active species during methyl orange degradation.
Rezeptive und expressive Sprachentwicklung bei Kindern mit CI-Versorgung
Authors: Streicher B. , Kral K. , Hahn M. , Lang-Roth R. 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Der Verlauf der frühen Hör- und Sprachentwicklung von an Taubheit grenzend schwerhörigen Kindern, die mit einem Cochlea Implantat (CI) versorgt wurden, stellt den Inhalt dieser Untersuchung dar. Hierbei stehen die rezeptive und expressive Sprache sowie das auditive Gedächtnis im Vordergrund der Untersuchung.
Material und Methoden: Retrospektiv wurden die Datensätze des Sprachentwicklungstest von Grimm (SETK) von 49 Kindern, die innerhalb der ersten 3 Lebensjahre Cochlea implantiert wurden, ausgewertet. Die Testung erfolgte 3 Jahre nach Cochlea Implantation der ersten Seite. Die Untersuchungsgruppen wurden in Abhängigkeit vom Zeitpunkt der Versorgung in 3 Untergruppen aufgeteilt: CI-Implantation der ersten Seite in den ersten 12 Lebensmonaten (Gruppe 1), zwischen dem 13. und 24. Lebensmonat (Gruppe 2) und ab dem 25. Lebensmonat Gruppe 3.
Ergebnisse: Die Untertests des SETK 3–5 können bei der Majorität der Probanden (63%) durchgeführt werden. Ein homogenes Testprofil in 4 Untertests weist auf eine ausgeglichene Entwicklung der rezeptiven und expressiven Sprache hin. Somit verringert sich die Diskrepanz zwischen Hör-/Sprachentwicklungsalter und Lebensalter. Meilensteine der rezeptiven und expressiven Sprachentwicklung sowie das auditive Gedächtnis sind bei Kindern, die das CI vor dem 1. Geburtstag erhielten früher erreicht als bei Kindern, die nach dem 1. Lebensjahr versorgt wurden.
Schlussfolgerung: Der Sprachentwicklungstest für Kinder (SETK 3–5) ist ein Testverfahren, das auch für die Sprachentwicklungsdiagnostik von schwerhörigen Kindern, die mit CI versorgt sind, nach 3 Jahren Höralter eingesetzt werden kann. Hiermit kann die rezeptive und expressive ­Sprache und das auditive Gedächtnis untersucht werden.
Die primäre Verwendung des myofaszialen M. pectoralis-major-Lappens bei der Salvage-Laryngektomie
Authors: Rothmeier N. , Bergmann C. , Mattheis S. , Weller P. , Lang S. 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Salvage-Laryngektomie (SLE) ist bei rezidivierenden Larynx- und Hypopharynxkarzinomen häufig die noch einzige kurative Option. Allerdings geht die SLE mit einem erhöhten Komplikationsrisiko, wie der Ausbildung von Speichelfisteln, einher. Zur Reduktion der Fistelquote ist die einzeitige Hebung eines myofaszialen M. pectoralis-major-Lappens (PMML) beschrieben. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die SLE mit und ohne gleichzeitigen Einsatz des PMML zur Prophylaxe einer Speichelfistel vergleichend zu untersuchen.
Patienten und Methode: 9 Patienten wurden eingeschlossen, die in den Jahren 2012 und 2013 wegen eines T4a-Rezidivtumors im Larynx oder Hypopharynx bei Z. n. Radiochemotherapie (RCT) mit einer SLE behandelt wurden. Eine zusätzliche PMML-Hebung wurde bei nachfolgenden Kriterien indiziert: Beendigung der RCT weniger als 1 Jahr zurückliegend, Tumorlokalisation außerhalb der Glottis, Infiltration des Schildknorpels und der prälaryngealen Muskulatur. Die Hebung des PMML erfolgte in klassischer Weise mit Aufnähen auf den durch Naht primär verschlossenen Pharynx.
Ergebnisse: 6 der 9 Patienten (2/3) erhielten im Rahmen der SLE eine Abdeckung des Pharynx mittels PMML. In keinem Fall kam es zur Ausbildung einer postoperativen Speichelfistel. Bei den verbliebenen 3 Patienten (1/3) wurde der Pharynx ebenfalls primär, jedoch ohne weitere Abdeckung mittels PMML, verschlossen. In dieser Patientengruppe zeigte sich in einem Fall eine pharyngokutane Speichelfistel.
Schlussfolgerung: Durch die einzeitige Anwendung des PMML im Rahmen der SLE konnte im eigenen Patientengut effektiv die Speichelfistelquote reduziert werden. Der PMML ist wegen seiner sicheren Hebetechnik, des fehlenden kutanen Sekundärdefekts im Thorax und der guten Modellierbarkeit im Empfängergebiet geeignet.
Novel coding, translation, and gene expression of a replicating covalently closed circular RNA of 220 nt
Authors: AbouHaidar Mounir Georges , Venkataraman Srividhya , Golshani Ashkan , Liu Bolin , Ahmad Tauqeer 
Published: September 2014

Significance
We describe the smallest (220 nt) replicating covalently closed circular (CCC) RNA (nanogenome) that contains numerous unique and novel properties of coding and translation. It is the smallest of all viroids and virusoids and the only one to encode proteins. No noncoding sequences could be identified. Initiation and termination codons are combined in UGAUGA, and read-throughs generate larger proteins. This is the only CCC RNA to be directly translated by eukaryotic ribosomes. It also contains an internal ribosome entry site and it defies the classical Kozak scanning model for initiation of translation. Is it a living fossil or is it a novel trend in genomic evolution?
Benzyl isothiocyanate inhibits IL-13 expression in human basophilic KU812 cells
Authors: Tang Yue , Abe Naomi , Yoshimoto Motoko , Zhu Beiwei , Murata Yoshiyuki , Nakamura Yoshimasa 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAn allergen-stimulating cytokine, interleukin-13 (IL-13), plays a significant role in allergic inflammation. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), derived from several cruciferous vegetables, significantly suppressed the IL-13 expression in the calcium ionophore-stimulated human basophilic KU812 cells. Down-regulation of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases as well as nuclear transcriptional factors might be involved in the underlying mechanism.
Nineteenth-Century California Teachers’ Institutes: Exploring Connections Among Teachers’ Institutes, Normal Schools, and Elite Eastern Colleges
Authors: Bordelon Suzanne 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBuilding from extant scholarship on normal schools, this essay takes up a complementary but less well-examined topic: state teachers’ institutes of the nineteenth century and the short-term practical training and professional guidance they provided teachers. Focusing on California’s state-sponsored institutes held from 1861–1863, this study examines the ways these institutes promoted the new progressive European pedagogy. More significant, extending an ecological approach to historical analysis, this essay proposes that the relationship among normal schools, teachers’ institutes, and some faculty from select eastern colleges may have been closer than has been suggested. Thus, this analysis suggests a more complex and integrated history during this period.
Anekāntavāda and Engaged Rhetorical Pluralism: Explicating Jaina Views on Perspectivism, Violence, and Rhetoric
Authors: Stroud Scott R. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
This study represents a detailed inquiry into the rhetoric of Jainism, an understudied religious-philosophical tradition that arose among Hinduism and Buddhism on the Indian subcontinent. Exploring the unique use of pluralism in Jaina authors such as Mahāvīra and Haribhadra, I advance the concept of engaged rhetorical pluralism to account for the argumentative use of pluralism to promote Jaina views. This concept is linked to Jainism’s theory of multiperspectivism (anekāntavāda) as an orientation toward one’s rhetorical activities in contexts of disagreement. Highlighting the controversies surrounding the relationship between Jaina tolerance and intellectual nonviolence, this study uses the concept of anekāntavāda to ground a pluralism of often contradictory critical claims made by those studying rhetorical phenomena from other cultures. Thus, anekāntavāda both describes the engaged pluralism evident in important Jaina rhetors and serves as a source of methodological guidance for scholars involved in comparative rhetoric and its inevitable situations of interpretative disagreement.
(Shibutz) as a Conciliatory Rhetorical Style in Nachmanides’ “Letter to the French Rabbis”
Authors: Bizzell Patricia 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTCombining Zeno’s rhetorics of the open hand and closed fist, Nachmanides addressed the heirs of Rashi to defend Maimonides. Polemical letters were a vehicle for this controversy, and a major example is his “Letter to the French Rabbis.” Using cleverly organized arguments and a brilliantly learned style of allusion to Biblical and rabbinic texts, called “shibutz,” Nachmanides influenced his addressees to mitigate a herem (ban) against students of Maimonides. Nachmanides sought to unify the warring factions rather than to achieve victory for either side, and his densely packed allusions to texts all the combatants revered comprise common ground for reconciliation.
PIP-DB: the Protein Isoelectric Point database
Authors: Bunkute Egle , Cummins Christopher , Crofts Fraser J. , Bunce Gareth , Nabney Ian T. , Flower Darren R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSummary: A protein’s isoelectric point or pI corresponds to the solution pH at which its net surface charge is zero. Since the early days of solution biochemistry, the pI has been recorded and reported, and thus literature reports of pI abound. The Protein Isoelectric Point database (PIP-DB) has collected and collated these data to provide an increasingly comprehensive database for comparison and benchmarking purposes. A web application has been developed to warehouse this database and provide public access to this unique resource. PIP-DB is a web-enabled SQL database with an HTML GUI front-end. PIP-DB is fully searchable across a range of properties.Availability and implementation: The PIP-DB database and documentation are available at http://www.pip-db.org .Contact: d.r.flower@aston.ac.uk
Propofol Attenuated Acute Kidney Injury after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation via Inhibiting Gap Junction Composed of Connexin 32
Authors: Luo Chenfang , Yuan Dongdong , Li Xiaoyun , Yao Weifeng , Luo Gangjian , Chi Xinjin , Li Haobo , Irwin Michael G. , Xia Zhengyuan , Hei Ziqing 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background:
Postliver transplantation acute kidney injury (AKI) severely affects patient survival, whereas the mechanism is unclear and effective therapy is lacking. The authors postulated that reperfusion induced enhancement of connexin32 (Cx32) gap junction plays a critical role in mediating postliver transplantation AKI and that pretreatment/precondition with the anesthetic propofol, known to inhibit gap junction, can confer effective protection.

Methods:
Male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent autologous orthotopic liver transplantation (AOLT) in the absence or presence of treatments with the selective Cx32 inhibitor, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate or propofol (50 mg/kg) (n = 8 per group). Also, kidney tubular epithelial (NRK-52E) cells were subjected to hypoxia–reoxygenation and the function of Cx32 was manipulated by three distinct mechanisms: cell culture in different density; pretreatment with Cx32 inhibitors or enhancer; Cx32 gene knock-down (n = 4 to 5).

Results:
AOLT resulted in significant increases of renal Cx32 protein expression and gap junction, which were coincident with increases in oxidative stress and impairment in renal function and tissue injury as compared to sham group. Similarly, hypoxia–reoxygenation resulted in significant cellular injury manifested as reduced cell growth and increased lactate dehydrogenase release, which was significantly attenuated by Cx32 gene knock-down but exacerbated by Cx32 enhancement. Propofol inhibited Cx32 function and attenuated post-AOLT AKI. In NRK-52E cells, propofol reduced posthypoxic reactive oxygen species production and attenuated cellular injury, and the cellular protective effects of propofol were reinforced by Cx32 inhibition but cancelled by Cx32 enhancement.

Conclusion:
Cx32 plays a critical role in AOLT-induced AKI and that inhibition of Cx32 function may represent a new and major mechanism whereby propofol reduces oxidative stress and subsequently attenuates post-AOLT AKI.
Tracheal Tube Obstruction in Mechanically Ventilated Patients Assessed by High-resolution Computed Tomography
Authors: Mietto Cristina , Pinciroli Riccardo , Piriyapatsom Annop , Thomas John G. , Bry Lynn , Delaney Mary L. , Du Bois Andrea , Truelove Jessica , Ackman Jeanne B. , Wojtkiewicz Gregory R. , Nahrendorf Matthias , Kacmarek Robert M. , Berra Lorenzo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background:
Tracheal intubation compromises mucus clearance and secretions accumulate inside the tracheal tube (TT). The aim of this study was to evaluate with a novel methodology TT luminal obstruction in critically ill patients.

Methods:
This was a three-phase study: (1) the authors collected 20 TTs at extubation. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) was performed to determine cross-sectional area (CSA) and mucus distribution within the TT; (2) five TTs partially filled with silicone were used to correlate high-resolution CT results and increased airflow resistance; and (3) 20 chest CT scans of intubated patients were reviewed for detection of secretions in ventilated patients’ TT.

Results:
Postextubation TTs showed a maximum CSA reduction of (mean ± SD) 24.9 ± 3.9% (range 3.3 to 71.2%) after a median intubation of 4.5 (interquartile range 2.5 to 6.5) days. CSA progressively decreased from oral to lung end of used TTs. The luminal volume of air was different between used and new TTs for all internal diameters (P < 0.01 for new vs. used TTs for all studied internal diameters). The relationship between pressure drop and increasing airflow rates was nonlinear and depended on minimum CSA available to ventilation. Weak correlation was found between TT occlusion and days of intubation (R
2 = 0.352, P = 0.006). With standard clinical chest CT scans, 6 of 20 TTs showed measurable secretions with a CSA reduction of 24.0 ± 3.9%.

Conclusions:
TT luminal narrowing is a common finding and correlates with increased airflow resistance. The authors propose high-resolution CT as a novel technique to visualize and quantify secretions collected within the TT lumen.
Grain setting defect1, Encoding a Remorin Protein, Affects the Grain Setting in Rice through Regulating Plasmodesmatal Conductance
Authors: Gui Jinshan , Liu Chang , Shen Junhui , Li Laigeng 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Effective grain filling is one of the key determinants of grain setting in rice (Oryza sativa). Grain setting defect1 (GSD1), which encodes a putative remorin protein, was found to affect grain setting in rice. Investigation of the phenotype of a transfer DNA insertion mutant (gsd1-Dominant) with enhanced GSD1 expression revealed abnormalities including a reduced grain setting rate, accumulation of carbohydrates in leaves, and lower soluble sugar content in the phloem exudates. GSD1 was found to be specifically expressed in the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata (PD) of phloem companion cells. Experimental evidence suggests that the phenotype of the gsd1-Dominant mutant is caused by defects in the grain-filling process as a result of the impaired transport of carbohydrates from the photosynthetic site to the phloem. GSD1 functioned in affecting PD conductance by interacting with rice ACTIN1 in association with the PD callose binding protein1. Together, our results suggest that GSD1 may play a role in regulating photoassimilate translocation through the symplastic pathway to impact grain setting in rice.
Systematic Phenotypic Screen of Arabidopsis Peroxisomal Mutants Identifies Proteins Involved in β-Oxidation
Authors: Cassin-Ross Gaëlle , Hu Jianping 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Peroxisomes are highly dynamic and multifunctional organelles essential to development. Plant peroxisomes accommodate a multitude of metabolic reactions, many of which are related to the β-oxidation of fatty acids or fatty acid-related metabolites. Recently, several dozens of novel peroxisomal proteins have been identified from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) through in silico and experimental proteomic analyses followed by in vivo protein targeting validations. To determine the functions of these proteins, we interrogated their transfer DNA insertion mutants with a series of physiological, cytological, and biochemical assays to reveal peroxisomal deficiencies. Sugar dependence and 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid response assays uncovered statistically significant phenotypes in β-oxidation-related processes in mutants for 20 of 27 genes tested. Additional investigations uncovered a subset of these mutants with abnormal seed germination, accumulation of oil bodies, and delayed degradation of long-chain fatty acids during early seedling development. Mutants for seven genes exhibited deficiencies in multiple assays, strongly suggesting the involvement of their gene products in peroxisomal β-oxidation and initial seedling growth. Proteins identified included isoforms of enzymes related to β-oxidation, such as acyl-CoA thioesterase2, acyl-activating enzyme isoform1, and acyl-activating enzyme isoform5, and proteins with functions previously unknown to be associated with β-oxidation, such as Indigoidine synthase A, Senescence-associated protein/B12D-related protein1, Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, and Unknown protein5. This multipronged phenotypic screen allowed us to reveal β-oxidation proteins that have not been discovered by single assay-based mutant screens and enabled the functional dissection of different isoforms of multigene families involved in β-oxidation.