bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estudio de la imagen de marca por medio de esquemas cognitivos
Authors: Ortegón Cortázar Leonardo 
Published: January 2015

La imagen de marca en nuestros días se ha convertido en un elemento clave para la correcta gestión de mercadeo al brindar una retroalimentación acerca del conocimiento o conjunto de asociaciones que el consumidor tiene de la marca, así como el efecto de éstas sobre sus percepciones, preferencias y comportamiento de compra. La presente investigación propone una aproximación alternativa para la exploración y elaboración de la imagen de marca haciendo uso de los modelos teóricos de esquemas cognitivos a través de metodologías cualitativas de análisis de textos. Se desarrollaron tres sesiones de grupo a fin de explorar el conjunto de asociaciones que tienen los agricultores sobre diferentes marcas de compañías agroquímicas. Los resultados del estudio ilustran los esquemas mentales de los consumidores a partir de categorizaciones hermenéuticas de las res- puestas verbales o narrativas logrando indagar de manera sistemática los conocimientos y creencias compartidas en un contexto espacial y temporal tal como lo propone la investi- gación cualitativa de mercados.
Reportería gráfica ¿realidad, ficción o ciencia ficción?
Authors: Romero Baltodano Andrés 
Published: January 2015

La reportería gráfica es uno de los vehículos de comunicación fotográfica cotidiana que presume, desde los medios de comunicación masivos, de ser una continua bitácora de los sucesos que ocurren diariamente y ellos mismos los seleccionan como hechos fundamentales del diario vivir. Aunque la aparición de la red ha construido un universo fotográfico paralelo que da cuenta con mayor pluralidad de este mismo fenómeno, la importancia y el análisis de esta memoria “oficial” impresa en los periódicos, es el objeto de este artículo que se sitúa en el examen de la instalación de la ficción desde los dispositivos de manipulación de códigos como suplantación de la realidad y su impacto en la construcción de una memoria fotográfica a futuro.
Gestión, tecnología, información y comunicación como agentes de innovación en la educación
Authors: Kammerer David Martha Inés , Peña María , Chávez Gusmary 
Published: January 2015

El propósito del artículo es analizar la gestión de las TIC como agentes de innovación de cambios en la educación. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de carácter documental, desde el punto de vista metodológico bajo un paradigma global complejo, a fin de obtener reflexiones que permitan al personal de las organizaciones educativas manejar las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). Por todas estas razones, es importante la comprensión fenomenológica de las ontologías del ser, entre las cuales integran diversas herramientas sociales. De allí, se enuncian lineamientos teóricos para la formación del personal docente y los estudiantes a fin de lograr una efectiva gestión en la práctica educativa, pretendiendo que dicha función esté a favor y sea apropiada por la comunidad educativa para el progreso de las organizaciones educativas, asimismo se presentan unas reflexiones finales.
Estudio de caso sobre convergencia de la televisión digital terrestre, interactiva, en 3D, en la academia, la industria, los contenidos y la publicidad
Authors: Hernández Aguirre Martha Isabel 
Published: January 2015

Este artículo presenta los resultados del proyecto de investigación sobre la televisión digital terrestre (TDT) en Colombia (2011), financiada, por tercer año consecutivo, por la Institución Universitaria Politécnico Grancolombiano (2011-2012), la cual está inscrita en el Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Colombia (Colciencias) con el código 2011FMCA- CEC-BC43, y titulada: “Estudio decaso de la convergencia en la televisión digital terrestre, interactiva, en 3D, en la academia, la industria, los contenidos y la publicidad, según la experiencia del modelo de producción del laboratorio de TIC y Audiovisual TecnoParque del SENA”. La investigación pretende evidenciar, por medio de un estudio de caso, los efectos en la academia y la industria de la convergencia en la televisión digital, interactiva, en 3D, y sus consecuencias en los cambios de contenidos y en los nuevos modelos de negocio, basados en el modelo de interactividad del laboratorio de televisión digital de TecnoParque del SENA. Tiene como objetivos específicos: 1) analizar el modelo de producción del laboratorio de TDT de TecnoParque del SENA, de interactividad para la TDT, mediante un estudio de caso; 2) indagar los efectos de la TDT en la academia, según el modelo de laboratorio de producción de TecnoParque del SENA; 3) identificar si el modelo de laboratorio de TecnoParque del SENA se puede aplicar como idea de producción y negocio.
La Constitución de Cádiz de 1812 y la independencia iberoamericana
Authors: Samper Pizano Ernesto 
Published: January 2015

En 2012 se conmemoran los doscientos años de haber sidoexpedida la Constitución de Cádiz que, aunque tuvo una vigenciamuy corta, repercutió profundamente en la conformación delproyecto independentista americano y la expedición de lasprimeras constituciones republicanas. El propósito de este ensayoes demostrar que gracias al proceso de la Constitución de Cádizlas colonias españolas en América pudieron hacer el tránsito delautonomismo a la Independencia y sentar las bases paradesarrollos institucionales posteriores que fueron definitivos parala consolidación de sus sistemas de gobierno. Temas como el dela soberanía en cabeza de la nación, la separación de poderes, el principio de la legalidadfinanciera, el hábeas corpus y la libertad de imprenta fueronaportes muy importantes de la Constitución de Cádiz alpensamiento constitucional americano del siglo XIX. Aquí se plantea la posibilidad de que el sistema presidencialistalatinoamericano sea, de alguna forma, el reflejo de la debatidaposición monarquista de la Constitución de Cádiz. El ensayo destaca algunos aportes de los diputados americanosen el proceso constituyente y concluye con el argumento de quesi Fernando VII hubiera mantenido la Carta y el espíritu gaditano,seguramente hubiera podido conformarse una alianzaiberoamericana tan sólida como la Commonwealth británica,que unió a Inglaterra con sus antiguas colonias.
Reducing Length of Labor and Cesarean Surgery Rate Using a Peanut Ball for Women Laboring With an Epidural
Authors: Tussey Christina Marie , Botsios Emily , Gerkin Richard D. , Kelly Lesly A. , Gamez Juana , Mensik Jennifer 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTOne strategy for reducing the primary cesarean surgery rate and length of labor is using a peanut-shaped exercise ball for women laboring under epidural analgesia. A randomized, controlled study was conducted to determine whether use of a “peanut ball” decreased length of labor and increased the rate of vaginal birth. Women who used the peanut ball (n = 107) versus those who did not (n = 91) demonstrated shorter first stage labor by 29 min (p = .053) and second stage labor by 11 min (p < .001). The intervention was associated with a significantly lower incidence of cesarean surgery (OR = 0.41, p = .04). The peanut ball is potentially a successful nursing intervention to help progress labor and support vaginal birth for women laboring under epidural analgesia.
Reducing Frictional Heat in Hard/Abrasive Formations Improves Drilling Efficiency
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2015

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 166465, ’Fully Rotating PDC Cutter Gaining Momentum: Conquering Frictional Heat in Hard/Abrasive Formations Improves Drilling Efficiency,’ by Youhe Zang, Yuri Burhan, Chen Chen, Sandeep Tammineni, Bala Durairajan, Siva Mathanagopalan, and Robert Ford, Smith Bits, a Schlumberger Company, prepared for the 2013 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, 30 September-2 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
A fixed polycrystalline-diamond-compact (PDC) cutting element creates an inherent limitation because only a small portion of the diamond table contacts the formation; as the cutter wears or chips, drilling efficiency declines. A research initiative was launched to investigate different methods to enable a PDC shearing element to fully rotate while drilling to increase overall cutting efficiency and bit life. The recent introduction of a new rolling-cutter PDC bit that uses 360° of the diamond edge has delivered positive results in field trials.
Introduction
When drilling with a conventional PDC bit, the percentage of cutter that contacts the formation will vary depending on several factors. However, in most cases, only 10 to 40% of the cutter will be used to actually shear the formation. The remaining 60 to 90% of the cutter is locked into the bit body and remains unused during the run. The resulting wear generates a high degree of frictional heat, which breaks down the diamond bond; the increased temperature then induces more abrasive wear. The mechanical wear combined with the thermal effect damages the cutter’s edge. As wear progresses through the synthetic-diamond table into the tungsten carbide substrate, shearing efficiency is reduced dramatically, lowering the rate of penetration (ROP). A driller’s typical reaction to the reduction in ROP is to increase drilling parameters. This worsens cutter wear further until the ROP drops below an acceptable level, resulting in a short run and a premature trip for a new bit. An analysis of more than 45,000 worldwide bit runs with conventional fixed-cutter-only PDC bits indicated that worn and chipped cutters account for 60% of the dull-grade characteristics reported on bit records.
A finite-element-analysis (FEA) -based software system was used to study the effects of frictional heat at the cutter tip as it engaged and sheared the rock. The study clearly indicated concentrated heat buildup at the cutting edge. Comparing the modeled cutter with an actual dull cutter used in a hard/abrasive application verified the concept.
Water-Management Approach for Shale Operations in North America
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2015

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 167057, ’Water-Management Approach for Shale Operations in North America,’ by C. Kuijvenhoven, V. Fedotov, D. Gallo, and P. Hagemeijer, Shell, prepared for the 2013 SPE Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition - Asia Pacific, Brisbane, Australia, 11-13 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Produced-water (PW) and flowbackwater (FW) quality in shale projects is influenced not only by the formation, but also by the fracturing fluid introduced to the formation during hydraulic stimulation. The water produced by shale wells can contain suspended solids, dissolved solids, organics that include hydrocarbons and residual-fracturing-fluid chemicals, and bacteria. This paper describes functional water-treatment steps that target the most common removal of suspended solids and oil or condensate from PW and FW for recycling or disposal operations.
Introduction
Rapid industry expansion into shale-gas and -oil development requires a reconsideration of how water management and technology are applied. What may be acceptable and fit for purpose at a smaller scale may become unsatisfactory when the business grows significantly. Water footprint and the food/stress nexus are critical concerns requiring the industry to improve continuously upon the approach followed in the past.
Selection of external water sources, securing access rights, and establishing water-offtake limits are the focus areas of water management. In some areas, freshwater resources may be scarce and the water for fracturing may need to be transported over long distances, adding to operational intensity and transportation-safety risks. Multiple steps are required to move the water for multiple consumers and to multiple locations. Storage facilities are required to create buffer capacity between water supply and water demand (Fig. 1).
Recycling of PW and FW for fracturing will reduce the consumption of new water from external sources and reduce the volume of wastewater disposal. While disposal of PW into subsurface formations can be relatively inexpensive, requirements to obtain permits for this injection are becoming more stringent. On the other hand, if suitable injection zones are not available near the producing shale development, surface discharge needs to be considered. If surface discharge is the only option, then evaporative or zero-liquid-discharge (ZLD) technologies could be required, but this could be cost-prohibitive.
Technical Challenges
Water Characterization. For the purposes of this paper, the two water categories can be distinguished as follows:
PW is managed by the production team controlling the wells for the remainder of well lifetimes.
FW is produced when the completions team controls the well. This period is typically days or, at maximum, a few weeks after fracture stimulation.
Andel av befolkningen i Norge med et risikofylt alkoholkonsum målt gjennom Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)
Authors: Halkjelsvik Torleif , Storvoll Elisabet E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBAKGRUNN – Vi var interessert i andelen av befolkningen i Norge som ifølge Verdens Helseorganisasjon (WHO) sine retningslinjer burde få oppfølging av primærhelsetjenesten i henhold til tre ulike nivåer av risikodrikking. I tillegg undersøkte vi sammenhengen mellom risikofylt drikking og de demografiske variablene kjønn, alder og utdanning. MATERIALE OG METODE – I årene 2012 og 2013 gjennomførte Statistisk Sentralbyrå 4048 telefonintervjuer i et tilfeldig utvalg av befolkningen i alderen 16 til 79 år (svarprosent = 55,3 %). Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), et screeninginstrument for primærhelsetjenesten, ble brukt til å kartlegge potensiell problemdrikking. Vi benyttet beskrivende statistikk og lineær regresjonsanalyse. RESULTATER – Omtrent 17 % av utvalget skåret innenfor grenseverdiene hvor WHO anbefaler enkel rådgivning og/eller videre oppfølging, Av disse var 2 % over grenseverdiene for de to alvorligste risikokategoriene. Det var mest risikofylt drikking blant menn, og spesielt menn i alderen 16 til 50 år. Blant kvinner var det mest risikofylt drikking i aldersgruppen 16 til 30 år. Regresjonsanalysen viste at alder, kjønn og utdanning predikerte AUDIT sumskårer. KONKLUSJON – En stor andel er innen den minst alvorlige risikogruppen, hvor enkle råd om å kutte ned på alkoholen har blitt foreslått som tiltak. Det er en stor overvekt av yngre (16 til 30 år) i denne gruppen, og fra aldersgruppen 20 år og eldre var det en stor overvekt av menn. Dette er individer som ikke nødvendigvis har et alkoholproblem, men som har økt risiko for negative konsekvenser som skader under beruselse, og/eller å utvikle misbruk eller avhengighet over tid.
Phantom vestibular perception
Authors: Littlefield Philip D. 
Published: January 2015

Objective:
Phantom percepts frequently accompany the loss or damage of body parts or sensation, and have been described for virtually everything except for the vestibular system. Is it possible that phantom vestibular percepts exist and explain some cases of chronic dizziness, or is there something unique to the vestibular system that forbids this?

Study design:
This review surveyed the literature for any references to phantom vestibular perceptions. This was followed by a broader survey of phantom phenomena. Areas of focus were hearing, the limbs, and vision, and these were theoretically related to the vestibular system.

Results:
There apparently are no references to vestibular phantoms. There is robust research on tinnitus, phantom limb syndrome, and phantom eye syndrome. There are similar features and proposed aetiological models among these syndromes.

Conclusion:
It is within reason that vestibular phantom percepts exist, but to date have gone unnoticed due to the subjective nature of vestibular symptoms. However, the vestibular system is unique in several ways that may make phantom percepts far less likely than with other sensory systems. In particular, the cerebral cortex does not have any areas with exclusively vestibular input. In addition, the brainstem processes bilateral vestibular inputs in a unique push-pull mechanism, and synaptic plasticity in the vestibular nucleus facilitates compensation from vestibular injuries. In addition, unlike other senses, there is no conscious perception of vestibular laterality (i.e. which side is injured). This intriguing concept is challenging to prove.
Le point sur... Les trois énergies selon Berne
Authors: Nasielski Salomon 
Published: January 2015

Berne après Freud s’est penché sur la notion d’énergie psychique. Il a repris les termes d’énergie liée et libre et a ajouté la notion d’énergie déliée. Mais qu’a-t-il voulu dire par là ?
Un forum, et après ? Réponse au Forum du n˚ 145
Authors: Back Frédéric 
Published: January 2015

Une fois n’est pas coutume, un de nos lecteurs a réagi aux réponses au forum initialisé par Salomon Nasielski dans le numéro 145 (« Suffit-il d’être hétérosexuels pour faire une bonne équipe parentale ? »). C’est avec plaisir que nous vous livrons cette contribution de Frédéric Back qui prolonge et enrichit le débat.
Recombinant Thrombomodulin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response by Blocking the Functions of CD14
Authors: Ma Chih-Yuan , Chang Wei-En , Shi Guey-Yueh , Chang Bi-Ying , Cheng Sheng-En , Shih Yun-Tai , Wu Hua-Lin 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
CD14, a multiligand pattern-recognition receptor, is involved in the activation of many TLRs. Thrombomodulin (TM), a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, originally was identified as an anticoagulant factor that activates protein C. Previously, we showed that the recombinant TM lectin-like domain binds to LPS and inhibits LPS-induced inflammation, but the function of the recombinant epidermal growth factor–like domain plus serine/threonine-rich domain of TM (rTMD23) in LPS-induced inflammation remains unknown. In the current study, we found that rTMD23 markedly suppressed the activation of intracellular signaling pathways and the production of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. The anti-inflammatory activity of rTMD23 was independent of activated protein C. We also found that rTMD23 interacted with the soluble and membrane forms of CD14 and inhibited the CD14-mediated inflammatory response. Knockdown of CD14 in macrophages suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS, and rTMD23 inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 production in CD14-knockdown macrophages. rTMD23 suppressed the binding of LPS to macrophages by blocking the association between monocytic membrane-bound TM and CD14. The administration of rTMD23 in mice, both pretreatment and posttreatment, significantly increased the survival rate and reduced the inflammatory response to LPS. Notably, the serine/threonine-rich domain is essential for the anti-inflammatory activity of rTMD23. To summarize, we show that rTMD23 suppresses the LPS-induced inflammatory response in mice by targeting CD14 and that the serine/threonine-rich domain is crucial for the inhibitory effect of rTMD23 on LPS-induced inflammation.
PP6 Controls T Cell Development and Homeostasis by Negatively Regulating Distal TCR Signaling
Authors: Ye Jian , Shi Hao , Shen Ye , Peng Chao , Liu Yan , Li Chenyu , Deng Kejing , Geng Jianguo , Xu Tian , Zhuang Yuan , Zheng Biao , Tao Wufan 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
T cell development and homeostasis are both regulated by TCR signals. Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, which are catalyzed by protein kinases and phosphatases, respectively, serve as important switches controlling multiple downstream pathways triggered by TCR recognition of Ags. It has been well documented that protein tyrosine phosphatases are involved in negative regulation of proximal TCR signaling. However, how TCR signals are terminated or attenuated in the distal TCR signaling pathways is largely unknown. We investigated the function of Ser/Thr protein phosphatase (PP) 6 in TCR signaling. T cell lineage-specific ablation of PP6 in mice resulted in enhanced thymic positive and negative selection, and preferential expansion of fetal-derived, IL-17–producing Vγ6Vδ1+ T cells. Both PP6-deficient peripheral CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytolytic cells could not maintain a naive state and became fast-proliferating and short-lived effector cells. PP6 deficiency led to profound hyperactivation of multiple distal TCR signaling molecules, including MAPKs, AKT, and NF-κB. Our studies demonstrate that PP6 acts as a critical negative regulator, not only controlling both αβ and γδ lineage development, but also maintaining naive T cell homeostasis by preventing their premature activation before Ag stimulation.
Dermal-Resident versus Recruited γδ T Cell Response to Cutaneous Vaccinia Virus Infection
Authors: Woodward Davis Amanda S. , Bergsbaken Tessa , Delaney Martha A. , Bevan Michael J. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The study of T cell immunity at barrier surfaces has largely focused on T cells bearing the αβ TCR. However, T cells that express the γδ TCR are disproportionately represented in peripheral tissues of mice and humans, suggesting they too may play an important role responding to external stimuli. In this article, we report that, in a murine model of cutaneous infection with vaccinia virus, dermal γδ T cell numbers increased 10-fold in the infected ear and resulted in a novel γδ T cell population not found in naive skin. Circulating γδ T cells were specifically recruited to the site of inflammation and differentially contributed to dermal populations based on their CD27 expression. Recruited γδ T cells, the majority of which were CD27+, were granzyme B+ and made up about half of the dermal population at the peak of the response. In contrast, recruited and resident γδ T cell populations that made IL-17 were CD27−. Using a double-chimera model that can discriminate between the resident dermal and recruited γδ T cell populations, we demonstrated their divergent functions and contributions to early stages of tissue inflammation. Specifically, the loss of the perinatal thymus-derived resident dermal population resulted in decreased cellularity and collateral damage in the tissue during viral infection. These findings have important implications for our understanding of immune coordination at barrier surfaces and the contribution of innate-like lymphocytes on the front lines of immune defense.