bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro‐transactions for concurrent data structures
Authors: Meawad Fadi , Iyer Karthik , Schoeberl Martin , Vitek Jan 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYTransactional memory is a promising technique for enforcing disciplined access to shared data in a multiprocessor system. Transactional memory simplifies the implementation of a variety of concurrent data structures. In this paper, we study the benefits of a modest, real‐time aware, hardware implementation of transactional memory that we call micro‐transactions. In particular, we argue that hardware support for micro‐transactions allows us to efficiently implement certain data structures. Those data structures are difficult to realize with the atomic operations provided by stock hardware and provide real‐time guarantees for those operations. Our main implementation platform is the Java Optimized Processor system, a field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of the Java virtual machine, optimized for real‐time Java. We report on the performance of data structures implemented with locks, atomic instructions, and micro‐transactions. Our results suggest that transactional memory is an interesting alternative to traditional concurrency control mechanisms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observer‐rated Coping Associated with Borderline Personality Disorder: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Kramer Ueli 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundLittle is known about coping specificities, as operationalization of the concept of affect regulation, in borderline personality disorder (BPD). It is most important to take into account methodological criticisms addressed to the self‐report questionnaire approach and to compare BPD coping specificities to the ones of neighbouring diagnostic categories, such as bipolar disorder (BD).Sampling and MethodsThe present exploratory study compared the coping profiles of N = 25 patients presenting BPD to those of N = 25 patients presenting BD and to those of N = 25 healthy controls. All participants underwent a clinical interview that was transcribed and rated using the Coping Patterns observer‐rater system.ResultsResults partially confirmed study hypotheses and showed differences between BPD patients and healthy controls in all coping domains (competence, resources and autonomy), whereas the only coping domain presenting a BPD‐specific lack of skills, compared with the BD patients, was autonomy, a set of coping strategies facing stress appraised as challenge. These coping processes were linked to general and BPD symptomatology.ConclusionsThese results extend conclusions of earlier studies on affect regulation processes in BPD and bear important clinical implications, in the context of dialectical behavior therapy and other therapeutic approaches. Limitations of this exploratory study, such as the small sample size, are acknowledged. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Coping can be reliably assessed in the narrative process in an non-structured interview frame.
Patients with borderline personality disorder present with a specific lack of skills in affect regulation related to autonomy issues, compared to patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls.
Lack of skills in accommodation to distressing emotions in borderline personality disorder is related to symptom gravity and may be treated using radical acceptance strategies.
Extinction hazards in experimental Daphnia magna populations: effects of genotype diversity and environmental variation
Authors: Robinson John D. , Wares John P. , Drake John M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractExtinction is ubiquitous in natural systems and the ultimate fate of all biological populations. However, the factors that contribute to population extinction are still poorly understood, particularly genetic diversity and composition. A laboratory experiment was conducted to examine the influences of environmental variation and genotype diversity on persistence in experimental Daphnia magna populations. Populations were initiated in two blocks with one, two, three, or six randomly selected and equally represented genotypes, fed and checked for extinction daily, and censused twice weekly over a period of 170 days. Our results show no evidence for an effect of the number of genotypes in a population on extinction hazard. Environmental variation had a strong effect on hazards in both experimental blocks, but the direction of the effect differed between blocks. In the first block, variable environments hastened extinction, while in the second block, hazards were reduced under variable food input. This occurred despite greater fluctuations in population size in variable environments in the second block of our experiment. Our results conflict with previous studies, where environmental variation consistently increased extinction risk. They are also at odds with previous studies in other systems that documented significant effects of genetic diversity on population persistence. We speculate that the lack of sexual reproduction, or the phenotypic similarity among our experimental lines, might underlie the lack of a significant effect of genotype diversity in our study.
Altered astrocytic response to activation in SOD1G93A mice and its implications on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis
Authors: Benkler Chen , Ben‐Zur Tali , Barhum Yael , Offen Daniel 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, rapidly progressive, neurodegenerative disease caused by motor neuron degeneration. Despite extensive efforts, the underlying cause of ALS and the path of neurodegeneration remain elusive. Astrocyte activation occurs in response to central nervous system (CNS) insult and is considered a double edged sword in many pathological conditions. We propose that reduced glutamatergic and trophic response of astrocytes to activation may, over time, lead to accumulative CNS damage, thus facilitating neurodegeneration. We found that astrocytes derived from the SOD1G93A ALS mouse model exhibit a reduced glutamatergic and trophic response to specific activations compared to their wild‐type counterparts. Wild‐type astrocytes exhibited a robust response when activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), G5 or treated with ceftriaxone in many parameters evaluated. These parameters include increased expression of GLT‐1 and GLAST the two major astrocytic glutamate transporters, accompanied by a marked increase in the astrocytic glutamate clearance and up‐regulation of neurtrophic factor expression. However, not only do un‐treated SOD1G93A astrocytes take up glutamate less efficiently, but in response to activation they show no further increase in any of the glutamatergic parameters evaluated. Furthermore, activation of wild‐type astrocytes, but not SOD1G93A astrocytes, improved their ability to protect the motor neuron cell line NSC‐34 from glutamate induced excitotoxicity. Our data indicates that altered astrocyte activation may well be pivotal to the pathogenesis of ALS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from olfactory biopsies but not bone enhance CNS myelination in vitro
Authors: Lindsay Susan L. , Johnstone Steven A. , Mountford Joanne C. , Sheikh Saghir , Allan David B. , Clark Louise , Barnett Susan C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with limited capacity for repair. Cell transplantation is a potential strategy to promote SCI repair with cells from the olfactory system being promising candidates. Although transplants of human olfactory mucosa (OM) are already ongoing in clinical trials, the repair potential of this tissue remains unclear. Previously, we identified mesenchymal‐like stem cells that reside in the lamina propria (LP‐MSCs) of rat and human OM. Little is known about these cells or their interactions with glia such as olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which would be co‐transplanted with MSCs from the OM, or endogenous CNS glia such as oligodendrocytes. We have characterized, purified, and assessed the repair potential of human LP‐MSCs by investigating their effect on glial cell biology with specific emphasis on CNS myelination in vitro. Purified LP‐MSCs expressed typical bone marrow MSC (BM‐MSC) markers, formed spheres, were clonogenic and differentiated into bone and fat. LP‐MSC conditioned medium (CM) promoted oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) and OEC proliferation and induced a highly branched morphology. LP‐MSC‐CM treatment caused OEC process extension. Both LP and BM‐MSCs promoted OPC proliferation and differentiation, but only myelinating cultures treated with CM from LP and not BM‐MSCs had a significant increase in myelination. Comparison with fibroblasts and contaminating OM fibroblast like‐cells showed the promyelination effect was LP‐MSC specific. Thus LP‐MSCs harvested from human OM biopsies may be an important candidate for cell transplantation by contributing to the repair of SCI. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zn2+‐induced ERK activation mediates PARP‐1‐dependent ischemic‐reoxygenation damage to oligodendrocytes
Authors: Domercq Maria , Mato Susana , Soria Federico N. , Sánchez‐gómez M. Victoria , Alberdi Elena , Matute Carlos 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMuch of the cell death following episodes of anoxia and ischemia in the mammalian central nervous system has been attributed to extracellular accumulation of glutamate and ATP, which causes a rise in [Ca2+]i, loss of mitochondrial potential, and cell death. However, restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation are frequently associated with exacerbation of tissue injury (the oxygen paradox). Herein we describe a novel signaling pathway that is activated during ischemia‐like conditions (oxygen and glucose deprivation; OGD) and contributes to ischemia‐induced oligodendroglial cell death. OGD induced a retarded and sustained increase in extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation after restoring glucose and O2 (reperfusion‐like conditions). Blocking the ERK1/2 pathway with the MEK inhibitor UO126 largely protected oligodendrocytes against ischemic insults. ERK1/2 activation was blocked by the high‐affinity Zn2+ chelator TPEN, but not by antagonists of AMPA/kainate or P2X7 receptors that were previously shown to be involved in ischemic oligodendroglial cell death. Using a high‐affinity Zn2+ probe, we showed that ischemia induced an intracellular Zn2+ rise in oligodendrocytes, and that incubation with TPEN prevented mitochondrial depolarization and ROS generation after ischemia. Accordingly, exposure to TPEN and the antioxidant Trolox reduced ischemia‐induced oligodendrocyte death. Moreover, UO126 blocked the ischemia‐induced increase in poly‐[ADP]‐ribosylation of proteins, and the poly[ADP]‐ribose polymerase 1 (PARP‐1) inhibitor DPQ significantly inhibited ischemia‐induced oligodendroglial cell death—demonstrating that PARP‐1 was required downstream in the Zn2+‐ERK oligodendrocyte cell death pathway. Chelation of cytosolic Zn2+, blocking ERK signaling, and antioxidants may be beneficial for treating CNS white matter ischemia‐reperfusion injury. Importantly, all the inhibitors of this pathway protected oligodendrocytes when applied after the ischemic insult. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of New Stable Phosphorus Ylides and 1,4‐Diionic Organophosphorus Compound from a Reaction between Hexamethyl Phosphorous Triamide and Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate in the Presence of CH‐Acids
Authors: Ziyaadini Morteza , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Hazeri Nourollah , Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTA simple and efficient one‐pot three‐component reaction between hexamethyl phosphorous triamide and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) in the presence of CH‐acids, such as acetylacetone, 1,3‐indandione, dibenzoylmethane, anthrone, andN,N‐dimethylbarbituric acid, has been studied. In all cases, new and stable phosphorus ylides are obtained in excellent yields. These stable ylides exist in solution as a mixture of two geometrical isomers as a result of restricted rotation around the carbon–carbon partial double bond, resulting from conjugation of the ylide moiety with the adjacent carbonyl group. From the reaction ofN,N‐dimethylbarbituric acid with DMAD in the presence of hexamethyl phosphorous triamide, a 1,4‐diionic organophosphorus compound is obtained. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 24:84–89, 2013; View this article online atwileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21067
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease burden and cost in the United States
Authors: Razavi Homie , ElKhoury Antoine C. , Elbasha Elamin , Estes Chris , Pasini Ken , Poynard Thierry , Kumar Ritesh 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplantation. A better understanding of HCV disease progression and the associated cost can help the medical community manage HCV and develop treatment strategies in light of the emergence of several potent anti-HCV therapies. A system dynamic model with 36 cohorts was used to provide maximum flexibility and improved forecasting. New infections incidence of 16,020 (95% confidence interval, 13,510-19,510) was estimated in 2010. HCV viremic prevalence peaked in 1994 at 3.3 (2.8-4.0) million, but it is expected to decline by two-thirds by 2030. The prevalence of more advanced liver disease, however, is expected to increase, as well as the total cost associated with chronic HCV infection. Today, the total cost is estimated at $6.5 ($4.3-$8.4) billion and it will peak in 2024 at $9.1 ($6.4-$13.3) billion. The lifetime cost of an individual infected with HCV in 2011 was estimated at $64,490. However, this cost is significantly higher among individuals with a longer life expectancy.

Conclusion:

This analysis demonstrates that US HCV prevalence is in decline due to a lower incidence of infections. However, the prevalence of advanced liver disease will continue to increase as well as the corresponding healthcare costs. Lifetime healthcare costs for an HCV-infected person are significantly higher than for noninfected persons. In addition, it is possible to substantially reduce HCV infection through active management.
Biological sex influences learning strategy preference and muscarinic receptor binding in specific brain regions of prepubertal rats
Authors: Grissom Elin M. , Hawley Wayne R. , Hodges Kelly S. , Fawcett‐Patel Jessica M. , Dohanich Gary P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAccording to the theory of multiple memory systems, specific brain regions interact to determine how the locations of goals are learned when rodents navigate a spatial environment. A number of factors influence the type of strategy used by rodents to remember the location of a given goal in space, including the biological sex of the learner. We recently found that prior to puberty male rats preferred a striatum‐dependent stimulus‐response strategy over a hippocampus‐dependent place strategy when solving a dual‐solution task, while age‐matched females showed no strategy preference. Because the cholinergic system has been implicated in learning strategy and is known to be sexually dimorphic prior to puberty, we explored the relationship between learning strategy and muscarinic receptor binding in specific brain regions of prepubertal males and female rats. We confirmed our previous finding that at 28 days of age a significantly higher proportion of prepubertal males preferred a stimulus‐response learning strategy than a place strategy to solve a dual‐solution visible platform water maze task. Equal proportions of prepubertal females preferred stimulus‐response or place strategies. Profiles of muscarinic receptor binding as assessed by autoradiography varied according to strategy preference. Regardless of biological sex, prepubertal rats that preferred stimulus‐response strategy exhibited lower ratios of muscarinic receptor binding in the hippocampus relative to the dorsolateral striatum compared to rats that preferred place strategy. Importantly, much of the variance in this ratio was related to differences in the ventral hippocampus to a greater extent than the dorsal hippocampus. The ratios of muscarinic receptors in the hippocampus relative to the basolateral amygdala also were lower in rats that preferred stimulus‐response strategy over place strategy. Results confirm that learning strategy preference varies with biological sex in prepubertal rats with males biased toward a stimulus‐response strategy, and that stimulus‐response strategy is associated with lower ratios of muscarinic binding in the hippocampus relative to either the striatum or amygdala. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strategic HRM as social design for environmental sustainability in organization
Authors: DuBois Cathy L. Z. , Dubois David A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA strategic model of human resource management is proposed as a framework to support sustainable adaptation to the disruptive and dynamic challenges in the business context related to environmental sustainability. The implications of a whole‐systems ecological approach to the design and implementation of human resource systems are explored, and the literature on best HR practices to support environmental sustainability is summarized. Implications for practice and research are presented.
Ecosystem services and environmental decision making: Seeking order in complexity
Authors: Apitz Sabine E 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The Ecosystem Service Paradigm (EsSP) is increasingly a component or even an underlying principle of environmental policy, legislation and management internationally. The EsSP can be used to define links between human activities and ecosystems, and ecosystems and the services that in turn support and sustain those and other activities; this information can then be used to evaluate, justify or optimize decisions. However, how EsS within various practical applications and frameworks are applied, defined, quantified, modelled, valued and communicated ranges widely, potentially hindering their roles as cross-sectoral tools. For this paradigm to be useful for cross-disciplinary integration, it is important that practitioners in different fields are clear about what is meant and assumed when terms are used, and within what context assessments are being carried out. The logic behind practical applications of the EsSP can be explained by the EsS Decision Cascade, a three-part, iterative conceptual framework. Within the decision cascade, Ecosystem Service Decision Analysis (EsSD) defines the proposed policies or actions (scenarios), and the changes/pressures under consideration in different scenarios. Within the context laid out by EsSD, Ecosystem Service Assessment (EsSA) will then evaluate how such changes affect biophysical structure, and thus ecosystem function and services; Ecosystem Service Valuation (EsSV) then takes the results from these analyses and generates valuations to inform decisions; linking back to EsSD. EsS-based evaluations can expand the current risk-focused thinking behind ecological risk assessment (ERA) to consider trade-offs between a range of desirable and undesirable responses of a variety of ecosystem endpoints; such an assessment can be termed an Ecosystem Response Assessment (EcoResA), or if applied in a spatially explicit manner, an Ecosystem Regional Assessment (EcoRegA); understanding of such trade-offs is essential to inform decisions about more sustainable remediation, regulation and management of landscapes and resources. This paper describes “taxonomies” of various aspects of EsSP applications, based upon their decision context, perspective and assessment approach. It then examines, with a focus on European issues, a range of current and emerging regulatory and management applications to which the EsSP can be applied in light of this taxonomy. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013; 9: 214–230. © 2012 SETAC
Using the terrestrial residue exposure (T-REX) model to assess threatened and endangered bird exposure to and risk from pesticides
Authors: Sullivan Joseph P , Wisk Joseph D 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The Terrestrial Residue Exposure (T-REX) model, a spreadsheet-based model developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), is used to estimate the concentrations of pesticides on some representative avian terrestrial food items after a foliar pesticide application. T-REX uses 6 categories of food items to assess exposure for birds. Different body size classes are used to estimate diet intake levels and to demonstrate different exposures for different size birds with various single component diets. The purpose of this analysis is to determine whether T-REX is a sufficient tool to assess exposure to the majority of threatened and endangered (T&E) bird species in the United States based on diets and body sizes of listed species. Our analysis combining diets and body weights of T&E species finds that no listed species weighing less than 50 g consumes primarily plant matter. Therefore, the hypothetical bird included in T-REX weighing 20 g and consuming only short grass that is predicted to have the highest exposure does not represent any T&E bird species. Many T&E species are represented when T-REX considers risk for insectivorous species in the 20-g size class. However, no T&E species that are predominantly insectivorous occur in the larger 100 and 1000-g size classes. Fruit and seed-eating T&E species occur in each of the size classes that T-REX considers, so fruit and seed-eating T&E birds are adequately represented in T-REX. T-REX does not include any estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) for aquatic dietary items or nectar, terrestrial vertebrates, soil-dwelling organisms, and noninsect invertebrates (e.g., snails). More than a third of T&E species have diets that are not represented in any of the dietary categories included in T-REX. Slightly more than half the species have diets that include large contributions by dietary items not included in T-REX. An analysis of risk using only T-REX based on simplistic diets is not adequate for a comprehensive assessment of risk from pesticides for all T&E bird species. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:480–495. © 2013 SETAC
Stem cell attraction via SDF‐1α expressing fat tissue grafts
Authors: Zwingenberger Stefan , Yao Zhenyu , Jacobi Angela , Vater Corina , Valladares Roberto D. , Li Chenguang , Nich Christophe , Rao Allison J. , Christman Jane E. , Antonios Joseph K. , Gibon Emmanuel , Schambach Axel , Mätzig Tobias , Günther Klaus‐Peter , Goodman Stuart B. , Stiehler Maik 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) are key cellular components for site‐specific tissue regeneration. The chemokine stromal derived factor 1 alpha (SDF‐1α) is known to attract stem cells via the C‐X‐C chemokine receptor‐4 (CXCR4) receptor. The aim of the study was to develop a model for stem cell attraction using SDF‐1α overexpressing fat tissue grafts. Murine MSCs were lentiviral transduced to express the genes for enhanced green fluorescent protein, firefly luciferace, and human CXCR4 (hCXCR4). Murine fat tissue was adenoviral transduced to express SDF‐1α and red fluorescent protein transgenes. MSCs were cultured on transwells with SDF‐1α containing supernatants from transduced fat tissue. The numbers of migrated MSCs in four groups (with hCXCR4 positive (+) or hCXCR4 negative (−) MSCs with or without SDF‐1α containing supernatant) were investigated. After 36 h of culture, 9025 ± 925 cells migrated through the membrane of the transwells in group 1 (CXCR4+/SDF‐1α+), 4817 ± 940 cells in group 2 (CXCR4‐/SDF‐1α+), 2050 ± 766 cells in group 3 (CXCR4+/SDF‐1α−), and 2108 ± 426 cells in group 4 (CXCR4‐/SDF‐1α‐). Both, the presence of SDF‐1α and the expression of hCXCR4 significantly increased the migration rates (p < 0.0001). MSCs overexpressing the CXCR4 receptor by lentiviral transduction are highly attracted by medium from SDF‐1α expressing fat tissue in vitro. Thus, SDF‐1α activated tissue grafts may be a strategy to enhance site‐specific musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.