bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrophilic modification of feed spacer and its impacts on antifouling performance of reverse osmosis membrane
Authors: Tan J. X. , Foo K. , Lau W. J. , Chua S. F. , Rahim M. H. Ab , Ahmad A. L. , Liang Y. Y. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFeed spacers improve mixing and mass transfer in membrane modules. However, they also lead to foulant deposition in the vicinity of the spacer surface. In this paper, two hydrophilic monomers, namely, acrylic acid (AA) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), are respectively coated on the surface of a commercial feed spacer via a plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method. The resulting modified spacers are then evaluated alongside with a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane for its solute rejection, water permeability, and antifouling properties. Results show that the surface hydrophilicity of feed spacers has been enhanced upon the AA and HEMA deposition. During filtration test, the HEMA‐modified spacer demonstrates higher flux recovery rate (94.17%) and salt rejection (95.78%) for the RO membrane. In contrast, the membrane with the unmodified spacer only shows 89.44% and 92.46%, respectively. Additionally, the membrane with the HEMA‐modified spacer has a thinner fouling layer (200 nm) compared to the unmodified spacer (700 nm). The HEMA‐coated spacer outperforms all the tested spacers, demonstrating that feed spacer modification with a hydrophilic monomer via the PECVD method can effectively reduce membrane fouling.
Observation of Thermally Induced Piezomagnetic Switching in Cu2OSeO3 Polymorph Synthesized under High‐Pressure
Authors: Wu Hung‐Cheng , Aoyama Takuya , Morikawa Daisuke , Okuyama Daisuke , Nawa Kazuhiro , Chen Wei‐Tin , Lu Chan‐Hung , Yen Tsung‐Wen , Huang Shin‐Ming , Calder Stuart , Torii Shuki , Ohgushi Kenya , Terauchi Masami , Sato Taku J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA polymorph of Cu2OSeO3 with the distorted kagome lattice is successfully obtained using the high‐pressure synthesis technique (Cu2OSeO3‐HP). The structural analysis using X‐ray and neutron powder diffraction suggests that the tetrahedral Cu2+ clusters [similar to those in Cu2OSeO3 ambient‐pressure phase (Cu2OSeO3‐AP)] exist in Cu2OSeO3‐HP but with three symmetry inequivalent sites. No structural change is observed between 1.5 K and the room temperature. The complex magnetic H‐T phase diagram is established based on the temperature‐ and field‐dependent magnetization data, indicating two distinct antiferromagnetic phases at low and intermediate temperatures, in addition to the higher‐temperature spin‐glass‐like phase. The low temperature phase is identified by neutron powder diffraction refinements as a canted noncollinear antiferromagnetic order with a weak ferromagnetic component along the b‐axis. Size of the refined ordered moment is ≈1.00(4) µB in Cu2OSeO3‐HP, indicating a large enhancement compared to that of Cu2OSeO3‐AP (≈0.61 µB). By applying a uniaxial stress, finite enhancement of weak ferromagnetic component in the noncollinear antiferromagnetic phase in Cu2OSeO3‐HP is observed, which is the clear evidence of the piezomagnetic effect. Interestingly, the sign of the induced magnetization changes on heating from the low‐temperature to the intermediate‐temperature phases, indicating a novel piezomagnetic switching effect in this compound.
Fluorometric detection of copper and imidacloprid using nitrogen‐doped graphitic carbon dots: A promising method for environmental monitoring
Authors: Radhakrishnan Kothalam , Suriyaprakash Rajadesingu , Balamurugan S. , Kumar Jothi Vinoth , Albeshr Mohammed F. , Mythili R. , Srinivasan P. , Nunna Guru Prakash , Ko Tae Jo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPesticides in environmental samples pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health since they require precise and efficient detection methods. Imidacloprid (IMI), a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, exemplifies these hazards due to its potential toxicity. This study addresses the urgent need for improved monitoring of such contaminants by introducing a novel fluorometric method for detecting IMI using nitrogen‐doped graphite carbon dots (N‐GCDs). The sensor operates by quenching fluorescence through the interaction of Cu2+ ions with N‐GCDs. Subsequently, IMI binds to the imidazole group, chelates with Cu2+, and restores the fluorescence of N‐GCDs. This alternating fluorescence behavior allows for the accurate identification of both Cu2+ and IMI. The sensor exhibits linear detection ranges of 20–100 nM for Cu2+ and 10–140 μg/L for IMI, with detection limits of 18 nM and 1.2 μg/L, respectively. The high sensitivity of this sensor enables the detection of real‐world samples, which underscores its potential for practical use in environmental monitoring and agricultural safety.
Depressive symptom as a risk factor for cirrhosis in patients with primary biliary cholangitis: Analysis based on Lasso‐logistic regression and decision tree models
Authors: Zhou Simin , Li Jiwen , Liu Jiangpeng , Dong Shijing , Chen Nian , Ran Ying , Liu Haifeng , Wang Xiaoyi , Yang Hui , Liu Man , Chu Hongyu , Wang Bangmao , Li Yanni , Guo Liping , Zhou Lu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDepressive symptoms are frequently observed in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The role of depressive symptoms on cirrhosis has not been fully noticed in PBC. We aimed to establish a risk model for cirrhosis that took depressive symptoms into account.MethodsDepressive symptoms were assessed by the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD‐17). HAMD‐17 score was analyzed in relation to clinical parameters. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso)‐logistic regression and decision tree models were used to explore the effect of depressive symptoms on cirrhosis.ResultsThe rate of depressive symptom in patients with PBC (n = 162) was higher than in healthy controls (n = 180) (52.5% vs. 16.1%; p < .001). HAMD‐17 score was negatively associated with C4 levels and positively associated with levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total bilirubin (TB), Immunoglobulin (Ig) G, and IgM (r = −0.162, 0.197, 0.355, 0.203, 0.182, 0.314, p < .05). In Lasso‐logistic regression analysis, HAMD‐17 score, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DRB1*03:01 allele, age, ALP levels, and IgM levels (odds ratio [OR] = 1.087, 7.353, 1.075, 1.009, 1.005; p < 0.05) were independent risk factors for cirrhosis. Elevated HAMD‐17 score was also a discriminating factor for high risk of cirrhosis in patients with PBC in decision tree model.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms were associated with disease severity. Elevated HAMD‐17 score was a risk factor for cirrhosis in patients with PBC.
Is CEO power linked to corporate social responsibility disclosure? Evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Khuong Nguyen Vinh , Anh Nguyen Nhat , Trang Nguyen Thuy , Uyen Trinh Hoang , Tien Nguyen Ngoc Khanh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe research aims to analyze the influence of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) power factors on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure by listed companies on the Vietnamese stock market. To examine the relationship between CEO power and CSR disclosure (CSRD), our study used the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation method with panel data from 210 listed companies on the Vietnamese stock market during the period 2015–2022. The research results indicate that factors such as duality, tenure, share ownership, and CEO compensation reduce the level of CSR disclosure by companies. On the other hand, CEO education and age show a positive relationship with disclosure level. The empirical results of this study provide a solid foundation for managers to establish effective corporate governance mechanisms and enhance the quality of sustainable reporting by companies.
Bilayer 3D co‐culture platform inducing the differentiation of normal fibroblasts into cancer‐associated fibroblast like cells: New in vitro source to obtain cancer‐associated fibroblasts
Authors: Kim Yeon Ju , Lee Hyeon Song , Kim Dohyun , Byun Hwa Kyung , Koom Woong Sub , Koh Won‐Gun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study presents a novel in vitro bilayer 3D co‐culture platform designed to obtain cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs)‐like cells. The platform consists of a bilayer hydrogel structure with a collagen/polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel for fibroblasts as the upper layer and an alginate hydrogel for tumor cells as the lower layer. The platform enabled paracrine interactions between fibroblasts and cancer cells, which allowed for selective retrieval of activated fibroblasts through collagenase treatment for further study. Fibroblasts remained viable throughout the culture periods and showed enhanced proliferation when co‐cultured with cancer cells. Morphological changes in the co‐cultured fibroblasts resembling CAFs were observed, especially in the 3D microenvironment. The mRNA expression levels of CAF‐related markers were significantly upregulated in 3D, but not in 2D co‐culture. Proteomic analysis identified upregulated proteins associated with CAFs, further confirming the transformation of normal fibroblasts into CAF within the proposed 3D co‐culture platform. Moreover, co‐culture with CAF induced radio‐ and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells (PANC‐1). Survival rate of cancer cells post‐irradiation and gemcitabine resistance increased significantly in the co‐culture setting, highlighting the role of CAFs in promoting cancer cell survival and therapeutic resistance. These findings would contribute to understanding molecular and phenotypic changes associated with CAF activation and provide insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting the tumor microenvironment.
Open your eyes, open your mind: The profile of cognitive liberalization and intergroup contact experiences
Authors: Fuochi Giulia , Boin Jessica , Lucarini Alice , Voci Alberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAccording to the cognitive liberalization hypothesis, exposure to intergroup contact improves cognitive outcomes related to open‐mindedness and out‐of‐the‐box thinking. In a sample of Italian adults (N = 708), we: (a) investigated the profile of cognitive liberalization through a latent profile analysis including cognitive (i.e., cognitive flexibility, socio‐cognitive mindfulness, curiosity and low need for structure) and socio‐cultural (i.e., deprovincialization, beliefs supporting societal diversity and low social dominance orientation [SDO]) dimensions of cognitive liberalization; (b) tested how intergroup contact experiences differed between the profile of cognitive liberalization and the other profiles. Results showed three profiles: Cognitive Liberalization (high scores in both cognitive and socio‐cultural dimensions of cognitive liberalization), Cognitive Rigidity (low scores on cognitive, high scores in socio‐cultural dimensions) and Anti‐Liberalization (low scores on all liberalization variables). Individuals belonging to the Cognitive Liberalization profile reported less negative, and more positive and intimate contact experiences with the outgroup compared with the other two profiles; they had a higher proportion of outgroup members in their acquaintances, and perceived those outgroup members involved in positive contact as more representative of their outgroup. Diversity of contacted outgroup members did not matter for the profiles. Close and positive relationships with the outgroup could be key to cognitive liberalization. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's .
Distribution and disparities of healthy lifestyles and noncommunicable diseases risk factors between men and women aged 20–59 years in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationwide survey
Authors: Hossain Md. Mokbul , Roy Abhijeet , Hanif Abu Abdullah Mohammad , Akter Fahmida , Hasan Mehedi , Khan Md. Showkat Ali , Shamim Abu Ahmed , Hossaine Moyazzam , Ullah Mohammad Aman , Rahman S. M. Mustafizur , Bulbul Mofijul Islam , Mitra Dipak Kumar , Mridha Malay Kanti 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are public health threats globally and recognized impediments to socioeconomic development. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and clustering of NCDs risk factors among Bangladeshi men and women aged 20–59 years using nationally representative data.MethodsThis study was conducted in 82 rural, nonslum urban, and slum clusters across all eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh using multistage cluster sampling. A total of 4917 men and 4905 women aged 20–59 years were included in the study. Descriptive analyses were performed to report the prevalence and distribution of behavioral and clinical risk factors. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with the coexistence of three or more NCD risk factors.ResultsThe prevalence of tobacco use (any form), insufficient physical activity, inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, overweight and obesity, and central obesity were 38.3%, 13.6%, 87.1%, 42.3%, and 36.0%, respectively. Furthermore, 21.9% and 4.9% participants had hypertension and self‐reported diabetes, respectively. Regarding the clustering of risk factors, 37.1% men and 50.8% women had at least three NCD risk factors. Only 3.0% men and 1.8% women reported no NCD risk factors. Age, place of residence, education, and wealth status were associated with the presence of at least three risk factors for both sexes.ConclusionSince a large proportion of Bangladeshi 20–59 years old population had multiple risk factors, population‐based programs with multisectoral approaches are essential to reduce NCDs among Bangladeshi women and men.
Mechanochemical Diversity in Block Copolymers
Authors: Zhang Hang , Diesendruck Charles E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCovalent polymer chains are known to undergo mechanochemical events when subjected to mechanical forces. Such force‐coupled reactions, like C−C bond scission in homopolymers, typically occur in a non‐selective manner but with a higher probability at the mid‐chain. In contrast, block copolymers (BCPs), composed of two or more chemically distinct chains linked by covalent bonds, have recently been shown to exhibit significantly different mechanochemical reactivities and selectivities. These differences may be attributable to the atypical conformations adopted by their chains, compared to the regular random coil. Beyond individual molecules, when BCPs self‐assemble into ordered aggregates in solution, the non‐covalent interactions between the chains lead to meaningful acceleration in the activation of embedded force‐sensitive motifs. Furthermore, the microphase segregation of BCPs in bulk creates periodically dispersed polydomains, locking the blocks in specific conformations which have also been shown to affect their mechanochemical reactivity, with different morphologies influencing reactivity to varying extents. This review summarizes the studies of mechanochemistry in BCPs over the past two decades, from the molecular level to assemblies, and up to bulk materials.
Single‐detector multiplex imaging flow cytometry for cancer cell classification with deep learning
Authors: Wang Zhiwen , Liu Qiao , Zhou Jie , Su Xuantao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImaging flow cytometry, which combines the advantages of flow cytometry and microscopy, has emerged as a powerful tool for cell analysis in various biomedical fields such as cancer detection. In this study, we develop multiplex imaging flow cytometry (mIFC) by employing a spatial wavelength division multiplexing technique. Our mIFC can simultaneously obtain brightfield and multi‐color fluorescence images of individual cells in flow, which are excited by a metal halide lamp and measured by a single detector. Statistical analysis results of multiplex imaging experiments with resolution test lens, magnification test lens, and fluorescent microspheres validate the operation of the mIFC with good imaging channel consistency and micron‐scale differentiation capabilities. A deep learning method is designed for multiplex image processing that consists of three deep learning networks (U‐net, very deep super resolution, and visual geometry group 19). It is demonstrated that the cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) imaging channel is more sensitive than the brightfield, nucleus, or cancer antigen 125 (CA125) imaging channel in classifying the three types of ovarian cell lines (IOSE80 normal cell, A2780, and OVCAR3 cancer cells). An average accuracy rate of 97.1% is achieved for the classification of these three types of cells by deep learning analysis when all four imaging channels are considered. Our single‐detector mIFC is promising for the development of future imaging flow cytometers and for the automatic single‐cell analysis with deep learning in various biomedical fields.
Aromatization of olive oil with ginger and turmeric powder or extracts by the co‐processing and maceration methods
Authors: Arslan Derya , Acar Ayşenur 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAromatized olive oils were prepared by the addition of ginger and turmeric spices and their combination (ginger + turmeric) with two different forms: powder and extracts. The spices were incorporated to olive paste at kneading stage (co‐processing) or directly to olive oil as infusion (maceration) (5% for powder, 3% for extract; w/w). Aromatization provided a lower peroxide value accompanied by a longer induction period, increased total phenolic content, and enhanced antioxidant activity. The use of turmeric as a powder may be advantageous for use in vegetable oils, especially because the bioactive antioxidant compounds it contains are hydrophobic. In another way, it was also the reason why the alcoholic extract of ginger gave more effective results than turmeric, which had a higher extraction yield than ginger. For both the co‐processing and maceration methods, ginger powder and extract induced the strongest radical scavenging activity in oil. The pungent taste was more marked in turmeric‐aromatized oils and spicy taste in ginger‐aromatized oils. The use of these two spices together incorporated the bioactive components into the oil while balancing the burning effect of ginger, making it more possible to benefit from its high antioxidant effect.Practical Applications: Aromatization of olive oil by maceration and co‐processing not only enriched it with bioactive components but also improved oxidative stability with quality indices such as free acidity and peroxide. In terms of quality indices and oxidative stability, maceration had advantages over co‐processing. However, co‐processing was more effective in terms of total phenolic and radical scavenging activity. At the industrial level, the incorporation of an aromatic material at one step of the process, that is, co‐processing or co‐milling, can be advantageous in terms of application without requiring extra time for the aromatization.
Application of a Discrete AlGaN/GaN HEMT Sensor for In‐Situ Regenerative Soot Particulate Detection
Authors: Gu Zhiqi , He Xiaoxia , Miao Bin , Xu Zhan , Li Shuxian , Li Jiadong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn in‐situ regenerative soot particulate matter sensor for automotive exhaust systems based on a discrete AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) was developed and tested, where charge‐sensitive AlGaN/GaN HEMT was utilized to detect the signal variations caused by the presence of soot particulate matters, and the micro‐hotplate serves as soot deposition, while the self‐heating unit was used for sensing and in‐situ regeneration. The two parts were connected for electrical signal transmission. Soot particulate were generated by a laminar diesel flame with an adsorption rate of 23.29 μg cm−2 min−1 on the sensor surface, resulting in 1.32% sensing response after 20 s deposition and reached saturation after a 12 minute deposition of soot. After soot deposition, the sensor was successfully regenerated when a voltage of 2 V was applied to the micro‐hot plate, causing in‐situ heat‐up to reach 600°C for 30 seconds. Moreover, benefiting from the advantage of discrete structure, the sensor exhibited consistent and stable response characteristics even after undergoing more than 10 consecutive regeneration cycles, and the replaceable micro‐hotplate could further extend the service life of the sensor. These results show that the discrete AlGaN/GaN HEMT sensor can be a promising soot particulate sensing platform for automotive exhaust systems.
Sustainable aviation fuel: Impact of alkene concentration on jet fuel thermal oxidative test (JFTOT)
Authors: Pereira Laine B. , Halmenschlager Cibele M. , de Klerk Arno 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOf the processes that are approved to produce synthetic kerosene for use in jet fuel, about half produce olefinic kerosene that is hydrotreated. The alkene concentration in synthetic kerosene is indirectly regulated through the thermal oxidative stability specification. Perceptions about the deleterious influence of alkenes on thermal oxidative stability suggest that olefinic kerosene must be deeply hydrogenated. The extent of olefin saturation required has economic implications. To evaluate what an acceptable alkene concentration in synthetic kerosene is, the impact of alkene concentration on the outcome of the jet fuel thermal oxidative stability test (JFTOT) performed at 325°C in accordance with the ASTM D3241 standard test method was experimentally evaluated. Model synthetic kerosene mixtures to which different concentrations of alkenes (1‐decene, α‐methylstyrene, indene) were added, as well as control samples were studied. In the concentration range investigated, up to 10 wt% 1‐decene, 5 wt% α‐methylstyrene, and 2 wt% indene did not lead to increased fouling in the JFTOT. Fouling passed through a minimum value with increasing alkene concentration and alkene concentration on its own was a poor predictor of thermal oxidative stability. Analysis of the kerosene collected after passing through the JFTOT found measurable changes in density and refractive index. Dissolved oxygen reacting during thermal oxidative stability testing was accounted for mostly in oxygen‐containing products in the kerosene boiling range, which indicated that the heavier products were mainly hydrocarbon in nature. In addition to initiation by autoxidation, the investigation also pointed to the existence of a second thermally initiated fouling pathway that does not require the presence of oxygen.
Soil spatial heterogeneity created by river–sea interaction influences Tamarix chinensis root features in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Shi Libin , Suo Lizhu , Wang Yi , Zhao Ying , Chen Xiaobing , Hu Qiuli , Song Bing , Shan Yan , Yu Jinyi , Wei Chunjing , Li Jiaqi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSalt‐tolerant Tamarix chinensis roots are crucial in preserving wetland soil and carbon sequestration, which is essential for wetland ecology. Soil‐water‐salt conditions influence the growth of these roots in coastal saline areas, but the specific factors and their effects remain unclear. Using principal component and partial least square–structural equation modelling (SEM) methods, we studied T. chinensis root features in six Yellow River delta communities. Results showed varied root features across locations, with larger roots further inland. Root growth negatively correlated with soil texture and salinity and positively with groundwater levels. Soil texture and salinity decreased with distance from the coast, while groundwater increased with distance from the Yellow River. This suggests that geographical location influences soil‐water‐salt conditions, impacting root characteristics. The principal component analysis–derived root feature index captured 56.7% of root feature variation. SEM revealed geographical locations indirectly influence root features, with the Yellow River's proximity primarily affecting them through groundwater and coastal distance influencing via soil sand content and salinity. The study underscores the importance of these findings for wetland conservation and ecology.