bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Structure of Extreme Floods in the U.S. Midwest and the United Kingdom
Authors: Nakamura Jennifer , Lall Upmanu , Kushnir Yochanan , Robertson Andrew W. , Seager Richard 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTwenty extreme spring floods that occurred in the Ohio basin between 1901 and 2008, identified from daily river discharge data, are investigated and compared to the April 2011 Ohio River flood event. Composites of synoptic fields for the flood events show that all of these floods are associated with a similar pattern of sustained advection of low-level moisture and warm air from the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. The typical flow conditions are governed by an anomalous semistationary ridge, situated east of the U.S. East Coast, that steers the moisture and converges it into the Ohio River valley. Significantly, the moisture path common to all of the 20 cases studied here as well as the case of April 2011 is distinctly different from the normal path of Atlantic moisture during spring, which occurs farther west. It is shown further that the Ohio basin moisture convergence responsible for the floods is caused primarily by the atmospheric circulation anomaly advecting the climatological mean moisture field. Transport and related convergence due to the covariance between moisture anomalies and circulation anomalies are of secondary but nonnegligible importance. The importance of atmospheric circulation anomalies to floods is confirmed by conducting a similar analysis for a series of winter floods on the river Eden in northwest England.
Analog Downscaling of Seasonal Rainfall Forecasts in the Murray Darling Basin
Authors: Charles Andrew , Timbal Bertrand , Fernandez Elodie , Hendon Harry 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Seasonal predictions based on coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (GCMs) provide useful predictions of large-scale circulation but lack the conditioning on topography required for locally relevant prediction. In this study a statistical downscaling model based on meteorological analogs was applied to continental-scale GCM-based seasonal forecasts and high quality historical site observations to generate a set of downscaled precipitation hindcasts at 160 sites in the South Murray Darling Basin region of Australia. Large-scale fields from the Predictive Ocean–Atmosphere Model for Australia (POAMA) 1.5b GCM-based seasonal prediction system are used for analog selection. Correlation analysis indicates modest levels of predictability in the target region for the selected predictor fields. A single best-match analog was found using model sea level pressure, meridional wind, and rainfall fields, with the procedure applied to 3-month-long reforecasts, initialized on the first day of each month from 1980 to 2006, for each model day of 10 ensemble members. Assessment of the total accumulated rainfall and number of rainy days in the 3-month reforecasts shows that the downscaling procedure corrects the local climate variability with no mean effect on predictive skill, resulting in a smaller magnitude error. The amount of total rainfall and number of rain days in the downscaled output is significantly improved over the direct GCM output as measured by the difference in median and tercile thresholds between station observations and downscaled rainfall. Confidence in the downscaled output is enhanced by strong consistency between the large-scale mean of the downscaled and direct GCM precipitation.
Cingulate biochemistry in heroin users on substitution pharmacotherapy
Authors: Verdejo-García Antonio , Lubman Dan I , Roffel Kim , Vilar-López Raquel , Bora Emre , MacKenzie Trudi , Yücel Murat 
Published: October 2012

Objective: High doses of opiate substitution pharmacotherapy are associated with greater treatment retention and lower illicit drug consumption, although the neurobiological bases of these benefits are poorly understood. Dysfunction of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is associated with greater addiction severity and mood dysregulation in opiate users, such that the beneficial effects of substitution pharmacotherapy may relate to normalisation of ACC function. This study aimed to investigate the differential impact of methadone compared with buprenorphine on dorsal ACC biochemistry. A secondary aim was to explore the differential effects of methadone and buprenorphine on dorsal ACC biochemistry in relation to depressive symptoms. Methods: Twenty-four heroin-dependent individuals stabilised on methadone ( n=10) or buprenorphine ( n=14) and 24 healthy controls were scanned using proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and compared for metabolite concentrations of N-acetylaspartate, glutamate/glutamine, and myo-inositol. Results: (1) Methadone was associated with normalisation of dorsal ACC biochemistry (increased N-acetylaspartate and glutamate/glutamine levels, and decreased myo-inositol levels) in a dose-dependent manner; (2) buprenorphine-treated individuals had higher myo-inositol and glutamate/glutamine levels than methadone-treated patients in the right dorsal ACC; and (3) myo-inositol levels were positively correlated with depressive symptoms in participants stabilised on buprenorphine. Conclusions: These findings point to a beneficial role of high-dose methadone on dorsal ACC biochemistry, and suggest a link between elevated myo-inositol levels and depressive symptoms in the context of buprenorphine treatment.
Incidence and risk factors for suicide attempts in a general population of young people: A Danish register-based study
Authors: Christiansen Erik , Larsen Kim Juul , Agerbo Esben , Bilenberg Niels , Stenager Elsebeth 
Published: October 2012

Objective: To estimate the Danish epidemiological long-term incidence rates for suicide attempts in the general population of children and adolescents, and to analyze the impact from single and multiple risk factors on the risk of suicide attempts. Method: We used longitudinal register data from a total cohort of all individuals born between 1983 and 1989 and living in Denmark to calculate incidence rates. From the cohort, we identified all who have attempted suicide, and matched 50 controls to each case. A nested case–control design was used to estimate the impact from risk factors on the risk for index suicide attempts. We established a link to the biological parents and identified risk factors for two generations. Risk factors were analyzed in a conditional logistic regression model. Results: We identified 3718 suicide attempters and 185,900 controls (189,618 individuals, aged 10–21 years). We found increasing incidence rates during the period 1994–2005, and higher incidence rates for girls and the oldest adolescents. Mental illness was the strongest independent risk factor (IRR = 4.77, CI = (4.35–5.23), p < 0.0001), but parental mental illness (psychopharmacological drugs: IRR = 1.27, CI = (1.18–1.37), p < 0.0001) and socio-demographic factors (parents not living together: IRR = 1.38, CI = (1.28–1.48), p < 0.0001) were also significant independent risk factors. Exposure to multiple risk factors increased the risk significantly. Conclusions: Suicide attempt is a multi-factorial problem, and a problem on the increase in the period studied. Individuals exposed to multiple risk factors are at the highest risk for suicide attempts, and when spotted or in contact with authorities they should be given proper care and treatment to prevent suicide attempts and death.
Effects of a 2.5-year campus-wide intervention to reduce college drinking
Authors: Seo Dong-Chul , Owens Dee , Gassman Ruth , Kingori Caroline 
Published: October 2012

Objective: The present study reports on the results of a 2.5-year college-wide, coordinated intervention that was implemented from June 2007 to December 2009 to reduce the amount and frequency of students’ alcohol consumption. Design: Quasi-experimental study using a one-group (freshmen living on campus) pretest/posttest design ( N = 6,815 in 2007–2008 and N = 7,550 in 2008–2009) with a pseudo comparison group (non-freshmen living off campus). Setting: Indiana University-Bloomington, USA. Method: The social-ecological framework, a multi-tiered strategy that considers the individual, the social milieu, and the environment, was used to guide the selection and implementation of interventions in a university setting to target individuals, the student population, the college, and the surrounding community to reduce high-risk drinking. Freshmen, who were mandated to live on campus, comprised the intervention group while non-freshmen living off campus comprised the pseudo comparison group that received only the environmental-level intervention. Results: A larger decrease was observed in the amount and frequency of alcohol consumption in freshmen than in non-freshmen for the intervention period (mean drinks consumed per week: −15.9% versus −7.5%; percentage of students who drank at least once a week: −17.5% versus −6.7%; and binge drinking: −12.2% versus −1.0%). Conclusion: An ecologically guided campus-wide intervention that is multi-tiered appears to be effective in reducing drinking behaviour.
Comparison of microwave absorbing properties of chloroprene rubber composites containing carbon black and nickel/cobalt powder
Authors: Al-Hartomy Omar A , Al-Ghamdi Ahmed , Dishovsky Nikolay , Shtarkova Rossitsa , Iliev Vladimir , El-Tantawy Farid 
Published: October 2012

In this study, the influence of hybrid combination of fillers (carbon black in concentrations from 0 to 100 phr and conducting nickel (Ni) or cobalt particles in concentration 10 phr on the dielectric (dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss angle tangent)) and microwave (reflection coefficient, attenuation coefficient, and shielding effectiveness) properties of chloroprene rubber composites has been investigated in the wide frequency range (1–12 GHz). The results achieved showed that the hybrid combination of Ni powder and active furnace carbon black gives an opportunity of considerable increase in the dielectric permittivity and also a possibility for its adjustment varying carbon black content. The comparison in the behavior of prepared composites can be explained by the differences in some characteristics of two metals and influence of these differences on the real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability.
Advance Directives and Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders Among Patients With Terminal Cancer in Palliative Care Units in Japan
Authors: Kizawa Yoshiyuki , Tsuneto Satoru , Hamano Jun , Nagaoka Hiroka , Maeno Takami , Shima Yasuo 
Published: October 2012

Objective: To examine the current status of advance directives (ADs) and do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders among patients with terminal cancer in palliative care units (PCUs) in Japan. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of the last 3 consecutive patients who died in 203 PCUs before November 30, 2010. Results: The percentages of patients who had ADs during the final hospitalization for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, intravenous fluid administration, tube feeding, antibiotic administration, and who had appointed a health care proxy were 47%, 46%, 42%, 19%, 18%, and 48%, respectively. Seventy-six percent of the patients had a DNR order. Of the patients with decision-making capacity, 68% were involved in the DNR decision. Conclusions: These findings may reflect positive changes in patients’ attitudes toward ADs, in Japan.
Measuring outcome in child and adolescent mental health services: Consumers’ views of measures
Authors: Stasiak Karolina , Parkin Andrew , Seymour Fred , Lambie Ian , Crengle Sue , Pasene-Mizziebo Ettie , Merry Sally 
Published: October 2012

Background: Outcome measurement in child and adolescent mental health services in New Zealand became mandatory in 2005 and little is known about how this is perceived by service users. Aims: This study aimed to ascertain what service users think about routine outcome measurement in child and adolescent mental health services. Method: Nine semi-structured focus groups of child and adolescent service users ( n=34) and family members ( n=21) were held in different sites in New Zealand to determine their views on outcome measures. Results: Consumers supported outcome assessment with some provisos that have important implications for clinical services: the method of collecting information is critical to acceptance; assessment should be done in the context of an established relationship with the clinician; care is needed over the timing and context of assessment, access to information and feedback of results; and measures should be brief and holistic and their limitations recognised. Conclusion: Service users support outcome measures but their implementation requires care and consultation.
A meta-analysis of the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism and end-stage renal disease risk in IgA nephropathy patients
Authors: Zhou Tian-Biao , Yin Sheng-Sheng , Liang Rong 
Published: October 2012

Background and objective: The association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) risk in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients is still controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and ESRD susceptibility in IgAN patients. Method: A predefined literature search and selection of eligible relevant studies were performed to collect data from electronic databases. Results: Thirteen articles were identified for the analysis of the association between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and ESRD risk in IgAN patients. D allele and DD genotype were associated with ESRD susceptibility in IgAN patients for overall populations ( p=0.01 and 0.003, respectively). In Asians, there was a markedly positive association between DD genotype and ESRD susceptibility ( p=0.03). Furthermore, D allele and DD genotype were associated with ESRD susceptibility in Caucasians ( p=0.02 and 0.03, respectively). However, II genotype might not play a protective role against ESRD onset for overall populations, Asians and Caucasians. Conclusion: DD homozygote is a significant genetic molecular marker for the onset of ESRD in IgAN patients.
Aliskiren alleviates doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and podocyte injury
Authors: Rashikh Azhar , Pillai Krishna K , Ahmad Shibli J , Akhtar Mohammad , Najmi Abul K 
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Doxorubicin (DXR) is one of the most effective and widely used anthracycline antibiotics. However, its clinical application is hampered by toxic effects in many organs. Nephrotoxicity is one of the major side effects of anthracycline antibiotics. This study was designed to investigate the possible protective effects of aliskiren (a direct renin inhibitor) in DXR-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and methods: Wistar albino rats were intraperitoneally (ip) injected with DXR and renin activity, albumin, total protein, urea, creatinine levels in plasma and ultrastructural changes in podocytes were assessed. Results: Rats subjected to DXR administration had significant ( p<0.01) increases in systolic blood pressure, plasma renin activity, plasma concentration of urea, creatinine and tissue malondialdehyde and significant ( p<0.01) reductions in plasma concentrations of albumin, total protein and antioxidant defense (reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) in renal tissues. Furthermore, DXR-induced nephrotoxicity has also been characterized by broadening of podocyte foot processes, enlargement of glomerular basement membrane width and reduction in slit pore diameter. The above effects of DXR were significantly ( p<0.01) prevented by aliskiren treatment. Conclusions: These findings revealed that the blockade of renin activity by aliskiren is a promising approach in the treatment of DXR-induced nephrotoxicity.
The Impact of Knee Surface Alignment on Ankle Sprain Occurrence
Authors: Armenis Elias , Pefanis Nikolaos , Tsiganos Georgios , Karagounis Panagiotis , Tokatlidou Christin , Baltopoulos Panagiotis 
Published: October 2012

Background. Knee position provides useful information for the anatomical alignment of the lower extremity. Analyzing the geometric components of this alignment should yield useful information about how these factors affect the occurrence of an ankle sprain. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation among these anthropometric characteristics and the possible future occurrence of ankle sprain injuries. Material and methods. A total of 60 elite athletes (25.2 ± 3.2 years) participated in the current study. The data used for measuring knee surface alignment were the following: anatomical alignment angle (AA), condylar hip angle (CH), tibial plateau angle (PA), and joint surface (condylar plateau) angle (CP). Standardized radiography was used in all measurements. All knee alignment measurements were made on digital radiographs. The study lasted for 18 months. A logistic regression (probit) was used for the statistical analysis of the outcomes. A significance level of P = .05 was considered. Results. The knee angle factors (AA, CH, PA, and CP) proved to be statistically nonsignificant (P > .05). Conclusions. The geometric knee surface alignment factors do not seem to be a decisive factor that would increase the probability of spraining an ankle. Levels of Evidence: Prognostic Level IV: Case Series
Spi-B is critical for plasmacytoid dendritic cell function and development
Authors: Sasaki Izumi , Hoshino Katsuaki , Sugiyama Takahiro , Yamazaki Chihiro , Yano Takahiro , Iizuka Akihiko , Hemmi Hiroaki , Tanaka Takashi , Saito Masuyoshi , Sugiyama Masanaka , Fukuda Yuri , Ohta Tomokazu , Sato Katsuaki , Ainai Akira , Suzuki Tadaki , Hasegawa Hideki , Toyama-Sorimachi Noriko , Kohara Hiroshi , Nagasawa Takashi , Kaisho Tsuneyasu 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), originating from hematopoietic progenitor cells in the BM, are a unique dendritic cell subset that can produce large amounts of type I IFNs by signaling through the nucleic acid–sensing TLR7 and TLR9 (TLR7/9). The molecular mechanisms for pDC function and development remain largely unknown. In the present study, we focused on an Ets family transcription factor, Spi-B, that is highly expressed in pDCs. Spi-B could transactivate the type I IFN promoters in synergy with IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7), which is an essential transcription factor for TLR7/9-induced type I IFN production in pDCs. Spi-B–deficient pDCs and mice showed defects in TLR7/9-induced type I IFN production. Furthermore, in Spi-B–deficient mice, BM pDCs were decreased and showed attenuated expression of a set of pDC-specific genes whereas peripheral pDCs were increased; this uneven distribution was likely because of defective retainment of mature nondividing pDCs in the BM. The expression pattern of cell-surface molecules in Spi-B–deficient mice indicated the involvement of Spi-B in pDC development. The developmental defects of pDCs in Spi-B–deficient mice were more prominent in the BM than in the peripheral lymphoid organs and were intrinsic to pDCs. We conclude that Spi-B plays critical roles in pDC function and development.
Galectin-3 binds to CD45 on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells to regulate susceptibility to cell death
Authors: Clark Mary C. , Pang Mabel , Hsu Daniel K. , Liu Fu-Tong , de Vos Sven , Gascoyne Randy D. , Said Jonathan , Baum Linda G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma and an aggressive malignancy. Galectin-3 (gal-3), the only antiapoptotic member of the galectin family, is overexpressed in DLBCL. While gal-3 can localize to intracellular sites, gal-3 is secreted by DLBCL cells and binds back to the cell surface in a carbohydrate-dependent manner. The major counterreceptor for gal-3 on DLBCL cells was identified as the transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase CD45. Removal of cell-surface gal-3 from CD45 with the polyvalent glycan inhibitor GCS-100 rendered DLBCL cells susceptible to chemotherapeutic agents. Binding of gal-3 to CD45 modulated tyrosine phosphatase activity; removal of endogenous cell-surface gal-3 from CD45 with GCS-100 increased phosphatase activity, while addition of exogenous gal-3 reduced phosphatase activity. Moreover, the increased susceptibility of DLBCL cells to chemotherapeutic agents after removal of gal-3 by GCS-100 required CD45 phosphatase activity. Gal-3 binding to a subset of highly glycosylated CD45 glycoforms was regulated by the C2GnT-1 glycosyltransferase, indicating that specific glycosylation of CD45 is important for regulation of gal-3–mediated signaling. These data identify a novel role for cell-surface gal-3 and CD45 in DLBCL survival and suggest novel therapeutic targets to sensitize DLBCL cells to death.
Potential implication of new torque teno mini viruses in parapneumonic empyema in children
Authors: Galmès Johanna , Li Yongjun , Rajoharison Alain , Ren Lili , Dollet Sandra , Richard Nathalie , Vernet Guy , Javouhey Etienne , Wang Jianwei , Telles Jean-Noël , Paranhos-Baccalà Gláucia 
Published: October 2012

An unexplained increase in the incidence of parapneumonic empyema (PPE) in pneumonia cases has been reported in recent years. The present study investigated the genetic and biological specifications of new isolates of torque teno mini virus (TTMV) detected in pleural effusion samples from children hospitalised for severe pneumonia with PPE.A pathogen discovery protocol was applied in undiagnosed pleural effusion samples and led to the identification of three new isolates of TTMV (TTMV-LY). Isolated TTMV-LY genomes were transfected into A549 and human embryonic kidney 293T cells and viral replication was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and full-length genome amplification. A549 cells were further infected with released TTMV-LY virions and the induced-innate immune response was measured by multiplex immunoassays.Genetic analyses of the three TTMV-LY genomes revealed a classic genomic organisation but a weak identity (<64%) with known sequences. We demonstrated thein vitroreplication of TTMV-LY in alveolar epithelial cells and the effective release of infectious viral particles. We also showed a selective production of inflammatory mediators in response to TTMV infection.This study reports the description of replicative TTMV-LY isolated from parapneumonic effusions of children hospitalised with PPE, suggesting a potential role of the virus in the pathogenesis of pneumonia.