bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise‐Induced Pulse Wave Velocity Changes in Untreated Patients With Essential Hypertension: The Effect of an Angiotensin Receptor Antagonist
Authors: Gkaliagkousi Eugenia , Gavriilaki Eleni , Nikolaidou Barbara , Triantafyllou George , Douma Stella 
Published: May 2014

This study investigates arterial stiffness changes after acute exercise in young patients with untreated, recently diagnosed grade I essential hypertension (UH) compared with normotensive (NT) individuals and the effect of antihypertensive treatment on this phenomenon. Study 1 consisted of 25 UH and 15 NT patients. UH patients who received treatment were included in study 2 and were followed‐up after a 3‐month treatment period with an angiotensin II receptor blocker. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was assessed at baseline, at maximal exercise, and at 10, 30, and 60 minutes later. In UH patients, PWV increased significantly at maximal exercise and 10 and 30 minutes of recovery, despite blood pressure fall to baseline levels. No significant PWV changes were observed in NT patients. Post‐treatment PWV levels were significantly decreased and similar to those of NT patients. Arterial stiffness is impaired following high‐intensity acute exercise even in the early stages of hypertension. Antihypertensive treatment ameliorates these effects.
Changes in Nonwaxy Japonica Rice Grain Textural‐Related Properties during Cooking
Authors: Tamura Masatsugu , Nagai Takumi , Hidaka Yasuyuki , Noda Takahiro , Yokoe Mio , Ogawa Yukiharu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractChanges in physicochemical rice grain properties during cooking were examined using five nonwaxy, Japonica cultivars. The grain moisture increased as temperature increased during heating, although there were slight differences among some cultivars from 30C to 70C. A marked decrease in overall firmness was found between 85C and cooked. Awayukikomachi, low‐amylose content rice, showed lower firmness than the other cultivars during cooking. The leached materials in grain–water mixture increased between 50C and 70C. These results indicated that rice grain attributes affected not only cooked grain quality, but also changes in textural‐related grain properties during cooking. Pearson's product‐moment correlation coefficients between grain moisture at 50C versus overall firmness and surface firmness during cooking showed high, negative correlations (r = −0.88 and r = −0.71) with significant differences. This result indicated that grain moisture at 50C played a role in the textural property of cooked rice grains.Practical ApplicationsGenerally, the raw rice quality is directly related with cooked rice quality; cooking procedure and/or condition also affect cooked rice quality. Although the cooking procedure was fixed in this study, changes in physicochemical rice grain properties during cooking and relationships among grain attributes were examined to elucidate which procedure, condition or attributes would be mainly influenced in the cooked rice quality. Our results could contribute to develop newly rice cooking method or apparatus.
Bacterial comparison of preoperative rinsing and swabbing for oral surgery using 0.2% chlorhexidine
Authors: Johnson Nigel R. , Kazoullis Andrea , Bobinskas Alexander M. , Jones Lee , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Lynham Anthony 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to compare bacterial load using preoperative rinsing and swabbing techniques for oral surgery with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX).MethodsParticipants were healthy volunteers undergoing a general anesthetic for the removal of teeth. Participants were randomly allocated to receive 15 mL of 0.2% CHX for 60 s as either a rinse or have their mouths swabbed. Plaque samples were aseptically collected pre‐ and post‐rinsing from the same sites in all patients (the distal surface of all second molar teeth).ResultsPatients in the swab group had similar bacteria counts before and after the application of CHX (143.4 vs 138.5 colonies, P = 1.000). After rinsing with CHX, there was an eightfold reduction of bacterial load (71 vs 8.8 colonies, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe present study demonstrates that the use of CHX as an antimicrobial agent is effective in reducing the overall number of bacterial colonies in the oral cavity. Rinsing is a more effective method of doing this.
Overexpression of the maize GRF10, an endogenous truncated growth‐regulating factor protein, leads to reduction in leaf size and plant height
Authors: Wu Lei , Zhang Dengfeng , Xue Ming , Qian Jianjun , He Yan , Wang Shoucai 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIt has long been thought that growth‐regulating factors (GRFs) gene family members act as transcriptional activators to play important roles in multiple plant developmental processes. However, the recent characterization of Arabidopsis GRF7 showed that it functions as a transcriptional repressor of osmotic stress‐responsive genes. This highlights the complex and diverse mechanisms by which different GRF members use to take action. In this study, the maize (Zea mays L.) GRF10 was functionally characterized to improve this concept. The deduced ZmGRF10 protein retains the N‐terminal QLQ and WRC domains, the characteristic regions as protein‐interacting and DNA‐binding domains, respectively. However, it lacks nearly the entire C‐terminal domain, the regions executing transactivation activity. Consistently, ZmGRF10 protein maintains the ability to interact with GRF‐interacting factors (GIFs) proteins, but lacks transactivation activity. Overexpression of ZmGRF10 in maize led to a reduction in leaf size and plant height through decreasing cell proliferation, whereas the yield‐related traits were not affected. Transcriptome analysis revealed that multiple biological pathways were affected by ZmGRF10 overexpression, including a few transcriptional regulatory genes, which have been demonstrated to have important roles in controlling plant growth and development. We propose that ZmGRF10 aids in fine‐tuning the homeostasis of the GRF‐GIF complex in the regulation of cell proliferation.
Longitudinal Relations of Parental Influences and Adolescent Career Aspirations and Actions in a Collectivist Society
Authors: Sawitri Dian R. , Creed Peter A. , Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. 
Published: May 2014

Using social cognitive career theory as a framework, we examined the longitudinal effects of proximal parental contextual influences on career aspirations and actions in a collectivist context. We used a sample of 954 Indonesian high school students and measured parental career expectations, adolescent‐parent career congruence, self‐efficacy, outcome expectations, career aspirations, planning and exploration, twice, 6 months apart. The best‐fitting model was reciprocal, with the results showing that parental career expectations predicted subsequent career aspirations and planning, and aspirations and congruence with parents regarding career matters predicted future exploration. Self‐efficacy and outcome expectations were reciprocally related over time. Self‐efficacy served as an across‐time predictor of both parental contextual variables. Career exploration predicted future self‐efficacy and planning predicted later outcome expectations.
Self‐Perceived Competence in Mainland China: A Multiwave Longitudinal Examination of Internalizing Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Cohen Joseph R. , Sheshko Dana M. , Ames Alyssa M. , Young Jami F. , Hansford Amy P. , Zhu Xiongzhao , Yao Shuqiao , Abela John R. Z. 
Published: May 2014

The present 9‐wave, 2‐year study examined whether Cole's (1991) theory of self‐perceived competence could help explain vulnerability to depressive and anxiety symptoms in a sample of adolescents from mainland China. Participants included 624 adolescents (319 females and 305 males) from an urban school in Changsha (n = 308) and from a rural school in Liuyang (n = 316). Findings showed that self‐perceived academic competence was negatively associated with prospective depressive and anxiety symptoms. Meanwhile, adolescents with low levels of self‐perceived social competence were at heightened risk for depressive symptoms during times of increased stressors (supporting a vulnerability‐stress model). These findings advance past research by highlighting new developmental pathways for depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents.
Assemblage structure is related to slope and depth on a deep offshore Pacific seamount chain
Authors: McClain Craig R. , Lundsten Lonny 
Published: May 2014

AbstractScientific study has generated a range of hypotheses about the ecological structure and function of seamounts. Interpretations of these ideas and data are vital to understanding how seamount communities will respond to anthropogenic impacts. Here, we examine how diversity and structure of seamount assemblages vary with depth and slope of the sea floor. We conducted ROV video transects on three seamounts of the Taney Seamount Chain in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Depth and slope were both related to assemblage structure on the Taney seamounts. Depth differences were seen in alpha‐ and beta‐diversity but not density. Beta‐diversity and density but not alpha‐diversity varied with slope. Overall, slope and depth together explained 14–31% of beta‐diversity. The findings suggest that differences in beta‐diversity as related to depth gradients may differ among onshore and offshore and/or between shallow and deep summit seamounts. Specifically, we hypothesize that differences in productivity and depth gradients among seamounts may generate different patterns of beta‐diversity.
Iron and copper as virulence modulators in human fungal pathogens
Authors: Ding Chen , Festa Richard A. , Sun Tian‐Shu , Wang Zhan‐You 
Published: May 2014

SummaryFungal pathogens have evolved sophisticated machinery to precisely balance the fine line between acquiring essential metals and defending against metal toxicity. Iron and copper are essential metals for many processes in both fungal pathogens and their mammalian hosts, but reduce viability when present in excess. However, during infection, the host uses these two metals differently.Fe has a long‐standing history of influencing virulence in pathogenic fungi, mostly in regards toFe acquisition. Numerous studies demonstrate the requirement of theFe acquisition pathway ofCandida,CryptococcusandAspergillusfor successful systemic infection.Fe is not free in the host, but is associated withFe‐binding proteins, leading fungi to develop mechanisms to interact with and to acquireFe from theseFe‐bound proteins.Cu is also essential for cell growth and development. EssentialCu‐binding proteins includeFe transporters, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cytochromecoxidase. AlthoughCu acquisition plays critical roles in fungal survival in the host, recent work has revealed thatCu detoxification is extremely important. Here, we review fungal responses to altered metal conditions presented by the host, contrast the roles ofFe andCu during infection, and outline the critical roles of fungal metal homeostasis machinery at the host–pathogen axis.
Specific analogues uncouple transport, signalling, oligo‐ubiquitination and endocytosis in the yeast Gap1 amino acid transceptor
Authors: Van Zeebroeck Griet , Rubio‐Texeira Marta , Schothorst Joep , Thevelein Johan M. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe Saccharomyces cerevisiae amino acid transceptor Gap1 functions as receptor for signalling to the PKA pathway and concomitantly undergoes substrate‐induced oligo‐ubiquitination and endocytosis. We have identified specific amino acids and analogues that uncouple to certain extent signalling, transport, oligo‐ubiquitination and endocytosis. l‐lysine, l‐histidine and l‐tryptophan are transported by Gap1 but do not trigger signalling. Unlike l‐histidine, l‐lysine triggers Gap1 oligo‐ubiquitination without substantial induction of endocytosis. Two transported, non‐metabolizable signalling agonists, β‐alanine and d‐histidine, are strong and weak inducers of Gap1 endocytosis, respectively, but both causing Gap1 oligo‐ubiquitination. The non‐signalling agonist, non‐transported competitive inhibitor of Gap1 transport, l‐Asp‐γ‐l‐Phe, induces oligo‐ubiquitination but no discernible endocytosis. The Km of l‐citrulline transport is much lower than the threshold concentration for signalling and endocytosis. These results show that molecules can be transported without triggering signalling or substantial endocytosis, and that oligo‐ubiquitination and endocytosis do not require signalling nor metabolism. Oligo‐ubiquitination is required, but apparently not sufficient to trigger endocytosis. In addition, we demonstrate intracellular cross‐induction of endocytosis of transport‐defective Gap1Y395C by ubiquitination‐ and endocytosis‐deficient Gap1K9R,K16R. Our results support the concept that different substrates bind to partially overlapping binding sites in the same general substrate‐binding pocket of Gap1, triggering divergent conformations, resulting in different conformation‐induced downstream processes.
A Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method for Singlet Oxygen Measurement
Authors: Karonen Maarit , Mattila Heta , Huang Ping , Mamedov Fikret , Styring Stenbjörn , Tyystjärvi Esa 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSinglet oxygen, a harmful reactive oxygen species, can be quantified with the substance 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP) that reacts with singlet oxygen, forming a stable nitroxyl radical (TEMPO). TEMPO has earlier been quantified with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In this study, we designed an ultra–high‐performance liquid chromatographic—tandem mass spectrometric (UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS) quantification method for TEMPO and showed that the method based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) can be used for the measurements of singlet oxygen from both nonbiological and biological samples. Results obtained with both UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS and EPR methods suggest that plant thylakoid membranes produce 3.7 × 10−7 molecules of singlet oxygen per chlorophyll molecule in a second when illuminated with the photosynthetic photon flux density of 2000 μmol m−2 s−1.
Chromatin organisation in duckweed interphase nuclei in relation to the nuclear DNA content
Authors: Cao H. X. , Vu G. T. H. , Wang W. , Messing J. , Schubert I. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe accessibility of DNA during fundamental processes, such as transcription, replication and DNA repair, is tightly modulated through a dynamic chromatin structure. Differences in large‐scale chromatin structure at the microscopic level can be observed as euchromatic and heterochromatic domains in interphase nuclei. Here, key epigenetic marks, including histone H3 methylation and 5‐methylcytosine (5‐mC) as a DNA modification, were studied cytologically to describe the chromatin organisation of representative species of the five duckweed genera in the context of their nuclear DNA content, which ranged from 158 to 1881 Mbp. All studied duckweeds, including Spirodela polyrhiza with a genome size and repeat proportion similar to that of Arabidopsis thaliana, showed dispersed distribution of heterochromatin signatures (5mC, H3K9me2 and H3K27me1). This immunolabelling pattern resembles that of early developmental stages of Arabidopsis nuclei, with less pronounced heterochromatin chromocenters and heterochromatic marks weakly dispersed throughout the nucleus.
Cold storage to overcome dormancy affects the carbohydrate status and photosynthetic capacity of Rhododendron simsii
Authors: Christiaens A. , De Keyser E. , Lootens P. , Pauwels E. , Roldán‐Ruiz I. , De Riek J. , Gobin B. , Van Labeke M.‐C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGlobal warming leads to increasing irregular and unexpected warm spells during autumn, and therefore natural chilling requirements to break dormancy are at risk. Controlled cold treatment can provide an answer to this problem. Nevertheless, artificial cold treatment will have consequences for carbon reserves and photosynthesis. In this paper, the effect of dark cold storage at 7 °C to break flower bud dormancy in the evergreen Rhododendron simsii was quantified. Carbohydrate and starch content in leaves and flower buds of an early (‘Nordlicht’), semi‐early (‘M. Marie’) and late (‘Mw. G. Kint’) flowering cultivar showed that carbon loss due to respiration was lowest in ‘M. Marie’, while ‘Mw. G. Kint’ was completely depleted of starch reserves at the end of cold treatment. Gene isolation resulted in a candidate gene for sucrose synthase (SUS) RsSus, which appears to be homologous to AtSus3 and had a clear increase in expression in leaves during cold treatment. Photosynthesis measurements on ‘Nordlicht’ and the late‐flowering cultivar ‘Thesla’ showed that during cold treatment, dark respiration decreased 58% and 63%, respectively. Immediately after cold treatment, dark respiration increased and stabilised after 3 days. The light compensation point followed the same trend as dark respiration. Quantum efficiency showed no significant changes during the first days after cold treatment, but was significantly higher than in plants with dormant flower buds at the start of cold treatment. In conclusion, photosynthesis stabilised 3 days after cold treatment and was improved compared to the level before cold treatment.
Effect of Geographic Origin and Ex Situ Growing Site on Phenology, Morphology, and Seed Yield of Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) Germplasm from the Rhaetian Alps, Italy
Authors: Pecetti Luciano , Romani Massimo , Spoleto Paola , Tosca Alberto , Della Marianna Gianpaolo , Gusmeroli Fausto 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSpecies adapted to prevailing soil and climatic conditions and native to the same geographic context are increasingly recommended for ecological restoration at high altitude. Better knowledge is required on the level of variation within these species for morpho‐physiological traits and seed yield. Adequate and affordable seed production is a prerequisite for native species to be widely adopted for restoration interventions. This study evaluated the variation of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) germplasm collected in the Rhaetian Alps, Italy. The worth of yarrow for restoration at high altitude has been repeatedly noted. The main goal of the study was to identify promising materials for selection purposes. The explored mountain section harbored valuable variation for traits of interest. Altitude, climate, and soil should frame an ecological correspondence between the collection site and the target restoration site, to secure the value of the native germplasm outside the boundaries of its collection area. The work also assessed any interaction between the germplasm and the ex situ growing environments, represented by a mountain and a lowland site, and verified the feasibility of the latter for seed multiplication. The growing site remarkably affected several morpho‐physiological characters. The lack of difference in mean seed yield between the two altitude‐contrasting sites suggested that seed multiplication of yarrow could also be conveniently carried out in lowland environments, with advantages in terms of production costs. Nonetheless, different yield responses in the two sites were observed, emphasizing the need of choosing the material to multiply based on the environment adopted for seed production.
Estimation of the 6‐digit level allele and haplotype frequencies of HLA‐A, ‐B, and ‐C in Koreans using ambiguity‐solving DNA typing
Authors: Jun J.‐H. , Hwang K. , Kim S.‐K. , Oh H.‐B. , Cho M.‐C. , Lee K.‐J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBecause Korean society is fast becoming multi‐ethnic, the determination of ambiguous human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types using HLA allele frequencies is becoming less applicable. In this study, we focused on the development of new technical methods to directly resolve the ambiguities arising from HLA genotyping. One hundred and fifty unrelated healthy Korean adults were included in this study. All alleles from each HLA locus were first divided into 2–4 groups, with each group amplified in a single PCR tube (multi‐group‐specific amplification, MGSA). To resolve phase ambiguities, some allele groups were also amplified separately in small group‐specific amplification (SGSA) tubes. In order to then resolve incomplete sequence ambiguities, primers for MGSA and SGSA were initially designed to cover additional exons. If needed, a heterozygous ambiguity resolving primer (HARP) or sequence specific primer (SSP) was also used. When MGSA and SGSA methods were applied, the rate of phase ambiguity was greatly reduced to an average of 6% (1.3% in HLA‐A, 15.7% in ‐B, and 2.0% in ‐C). Additional HARP and SSP methods could resolve all the phase ambiguities. Using our proposed method, we also detected three alleles that have not been previously reported in Korea, C*04:82, C*07:18, and C*08:22, and report 6‐digit level HLA allele and haplotype frequencies among Koreans. In conclusion, the use of MGSA/SGSA for the initial amplification step is a cost‐effective method facilitating timely and accurate reporting, given the continuing increase in the ethnic diversity of the Korean population. The MGSA described here can be applicable to various populations and thus could be shared by the majority of HLA typing laboratories. However, efforts to solve HLA ambiguity should continue, because SGSA, HARPs and SSPs would be specific to a particular population.
Comparison of Simplexa Flu A/B & RSV PCR with Cytospin-Immunofluorescence and Laboratory-Developed TaqMan PCR in Predominantly Adult Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Landry Marie L. , Ferguson David 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

To compare Simplexa Flu A/B & RSV PCR with cytospin-immunofluorescence and laboratory-developed TaqMan PCR methods, 445 nasopharyngeal samples were tested. Of these, 199 were positive (46 for respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], 120 for influenza A, and 33 for influenza B) and 246 were negative. The direct fluorescent-antibody assay (DFA) detected 132 (66.3%) positive samples, Simplexa direct detected 162 (81.4%), Simplexa using extracts detected 177 (88.9%), and lab-developed TaqMan PCR reference methods detected 199 (100%). The specificities were 99.6%, 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The two Simplexa methods were more sensitive than the DFA (
P
= 0.0001) but less sensitive than the TaqMan reverse transcriptase PCR (
P
= 0.0001).