bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on Changes and Relationships of Kernel Biochemical Components in Different Types of Maize
Authors: Kahrıman Fatih , Egesel Cem Ömer , Egesel Başak 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA great deal of genetic variability and breeding efforts have yielded a number of specialty maize types. Little is known about how the off‐target traits in specialty maize kernel have changed and how they compare to those of standard maize genotypes. In this study, we compared the normal (NORMAL), high‐oil (HOM) and high‐protein maize (HPM) genotypes in terms of oil, protein, fatty acids and some mineral components. We also investigated the relationships among the evaluated traits in different kernel types. We detected a significant variation among the maize types for all of the investigated traits. Specialty maize genotypes had a superior performance for the traits they were specifically bred for, as well as kernel mineral content over the normal genotypes. HOM and HPM had similar values in terms of their fatty acid composition. However, they were different from the standard genotypes, with higher oleic and lower linolenic acid levels, which indicates that the specialty maize genotypes possess a better oil quality. Correlation analysis revealed that only three pairs of correlations out of 46 values had the same sign and a similar level of significance in different types. Such similarities or differences in correlation values for different types should be taken into account in the efforts for developing high quality maize genotypes.
Change in the Stability of Marital and Cohabiting Unions Following the Birth of a Child
Authors: Musick Kelly , Michelmore Katherine 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The share of births to cohabiting couples has increased dramatically in recent decades. How we evaluate the implications of these increases depends critically on change in the stability of cohabiting families. This study examines change over time in the stability of U.S. couples who have a child together, drawing on data from the 1995 and 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). We parse out the extent to which change in the stability of cohabiting and married families reflects change in couples’ behavior versus shifts in the characteristics of those who cohabit, carefully accounting for trajectories of cohabitation and marriage around the couple’s first birth. Multivariate event history models provide evidence of a weakening association between cohabitation and instability given that marriage occurs at some point before or after the couple’s first birth. The more recent data show statistically indistinguishable separation risks for couples who have a birth in marriage without ever cohabiting, those who cohabit and then have a birth in marriage, and those who have a birth in cohabitation and then marry. Cohabiting unions with children are significantly less stable when de-coupled from marriage, although the parents in this group also differ most from others on observed (and likely, unobserved) characteristics.
An Old Story Retold: Loss of G1 Control Defines a Distinct Genomic Subtype of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Qiyan , Bai Jian , Abliz Amir , Liu Ying , Gong Kenan , Li Jingjing , Shi Wenjie , Pan Yaqi , Liu Fangfang , Lai Shujuan , Yang Haijun , Lu Changdong , Zhang Lixin , Chen Wei , Xu Ruiping , Cai Hong , Ke Yang , Zeng Changqing 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a high mortality rate. To determine the molecular basis of ESCC development, this study sought to identify characteristic genome-wide alterations in ESCC, including exonic mutations and structural alterations. The clinical implications of these genetic alterations were also analyzed. Exome sequencing and verification were performed for nine pairs of ESCC and the matched blood samples, followed by validation with additional samples using Sanger sequencing. Whole-genome SNP arrays were employed to detect copy number alteration (CNA) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 55 cases, including the nine ESCC samples subjected to exome sequencing. A total of 108 non-synonymous somatic mutations (NSSMs) in 102 genes were verified in nine patients. The chromatin modification process was found to be enriched in our gene ontology (GO) analysis. Tumor genomes with TP53 mutations were significantly more unstable than those without TP53 mutations. In terms of the landscape of genomic alterations, deletion of 9p21.3 covering CDKN2A/2B (30.9%), amplification of 11q13.3 covering CCND1 (30.9%), and TP53 point mutation (50.9%) occurred in two-thirds of the cases. These results suggest that the deregulation of the G1 phase during the cell cycle is a key event in ESCC. Furthermore, six minimal common regions were found to be significantly altered in ESCC samples and three of them, 9p21.3, 7p11.2, and 3p12.1, were associated with lymph node metastasis. With the high correlation of TP53 mutation and genomic instability in ESCC, the amplification of CCND1, the deletion of CDKN2A/2B, and the somatic mutation of TP53 appear to play pivotal roles via G1 deregulation and therefore helps to classify this cancer into different genomic subtypes. These findings provide clinical significance that could be useful in future molecular diagnoses and therapeutic targeting.
The Derivation and Application of Fundamental Solutions for Unsteady Stokes Equations
Authors: Hsiao C-H. , Young D.-L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, two formulations in explicit form to derive the fundamental solutions for two and three dimensional unsteady unbounded Stokes flows due to a mass source and a point force are presented, based on the vector calculus method and also the Hörmander’s method. The mathematical derivation process for the fundamental solutions is detailed. The steady fundamental solutions of Stokes equations can be obtained from the unsteady fundamental solutions by the integral process. As an application, we adopt fundamental solutions: an unsteady Stokeslet and an unsteady potential dipole to validate a simple case that a sphere translates in Stokes or low-Reynolds-number flow by using the singularity method instead by the traditional method which in general limits to the assumption of oscillating flow. It is concluded that this study is able to extend the unsteady Stokes flow theory to more general transient motions by making use of the fundamental solutions of the linearly unsteady Stokes equations.
ENHANCING YIELD OF CLUSTERBEAN (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA L. TAUB) WITH FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SULPHYDRYL COMPOUNDS UNDER HOT ARID CONDITIONS
Authors: NATHAWAT N. S. , RATHORE V. S. , MEEL B. , BHARDWAJ S. , YADAVA N. D. 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYWater stress is one of the main environmental stress conditions that adversely affect growth and yield of crops. Sulphydryl (-SH) compounds have been reported to induce tolerance to abiotic stress conditions. A two-year (2010 and 2011) experiment was conducted at Bikaner, Rajasthan, India to test whether the exogenous applications of thiourea (500, 750 and 1000 mg L−1) and thioglycolic acid (200, 300 and 400 mg L−1) as a foliar spray would alleviate deleterious effects of water stress on clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). The -SH-treated plants showed higher membrane stability index, photosynthetic pigment content, photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant enzyme activities and lower lipid peroxidation compared with untreated plants. Compared with untreated plants, the -SH-treated plants had 11–18, 18–30, 17–57, 25–47, 14–22% higher membrane stability index, total chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activities, net photosynthetic rate and seed yield, respectively; whereas the malondialdehyde content was 10–19% lower. These data suggest that under water deficit stress, exogenous -SH compound application improves photosynthesis by increasing photosynthetic pigment, protects plants against oxidative damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species and minimizing lipid peroxidation by elevated antioxidant enzyme activities. These results indicated the role of -SH compounds in diminishing the negative effects of water deficit on clusterbean and suggest that -SH compounds could be used as a potential bioregulator to improve plant growth and yield under water deficit conditions.
Morphology and molecular analysis of Mizelleus indicus Jain () and M. longicirrus (Tripathi, ) Venkatanarasaiah & Kulkarni 1981 (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) from the freshwater shark Wallago attu in the Ganga River, India
Authors: Verma C. , Chaudhary A. , Singh H.S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSpecies of the genus Mizelleus Jain (1957) have always been controversial regarding identification and validity. Members of this group of species differ from each other in the morphology of their hard parts, which can be misleading and subject to differing interpretation among scientists. Therefore, the main objective of present study was to identify Mizelleus worms by morphological methods and molecular analysis on the basis of 18S ribosomal DNA to clarify their phylogenetic status. In this study, specimens were isolated from the gill filaments of Wallago attu (Siluriformes) and studied morphologically. In accordance with morphological characters, the specimens were found to be Mizelleus indicus and Mizelleus longicirrus. Partial sequences of nuclear 18S rDNA of these two species were amplified. The results confirm the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic validation of M. indicus and M. longicirrus in India.
Impact of childhood adversities on specific symptom dimensions in first-episode psychosis
Authors: Ajnakina O. , Trotta A. , Oakley-Hannibal E. , Di Forti M. , Stilo S. A. , Kolliakou A. , Gardner-Sood P. , Gaughran F. , David A. S. , Dazzan P. , Pariante C. , Mondelli V. , Morgan C. , Vassos E. , Murray R. M. , Fisher H. L. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe relationship between childhood adversity (CA) and psychotic disorder is well documented. As the adequacy of the current categorical diagnosis of psychosis is being increasingly questioned, we explored independent associations between different types of CA and specific psychotic symptom dimensions in a well-characterized sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients.MethodThis study involved 236 FEP cases aged 18–65 years who presented for the first time to psychiatric services in South London, UK. Psychopathology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the statistical fit of the Wallwork/Fortgang five-factor model of psychosis. CA prior to 17 years of age (physical abuse, sexual abuse, parental separation, parental death, and being taken into care) was retrospectively assessed using the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire.ResultsChildhood sexual abuse [β= 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40–1.52], childhood physical abuse (β= 0.48, 95% CI 0.03–0.93) and parental separation (β= 0.60, 95% CI 0.10–1.11) showed significant associations with the positive dimension; while being taken into care was associated with the excited dimension (β= 0.36, 95% CI 0.08–0.65), independent of the other types of CA. No significant associations were found between parental death and any of the symptom dimensions.ConclusionsA degree of specificity was found in the relationships between different types of CA and psychosis symptom dimensions in adulthood, suggesting that distinct pathways may be involved in the CA–psychosis association. These potentially different routes to developing psychosis merit further empirical and theoretical exploration.
Death age, seasonality, taphonomy and colonization of seal carcasses from Ulu Peninsula, James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Nývlt Daniel , Fišáková Miriam Nývltová , Barták Miloš , Stachoň Zdeněk , Pavel Václav , Mlčoch Bedřich , Láska Kamil 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe origin and nature of seal carcasses scattered around the Ulu Peninsula, James Ross Island, is examined using robust and novel multidisciplinary analysis. Spatial distribution analysis indicates their predominance at low elevations and on surfaces with negligible slope. The seals died throughout the last century. Dental cement increments indicate that the seals died in late winter, and we interpret this to show an influence of the persistence and break-up of sea ice and the appearance of pools/cracks in the northern Prince Gustav Channel on death. Specifically, after being trapped by a late winter freeze-up the seals search for open water, become disoriented by snow-covered flat valleys and move inland. Carcasses from all age groups of crabeater seal are found on land, but inland movement is less notable for Weddell and leopard seals. Although most carcasses appear to have remained unchanged during the last 10 years due to the cold and dry conditions, a few carcasses that are located in sites of snow accumulation and subsequent melting have undergone enhanced decay. Decaying seal carcasses represent loci of nutrient release in a nutrient deficient environment and are colonized by algae, cyanobacteria, lichens and mosses. This research suggests further useful studies for the future.
Prenatal diagnosis of isolated coronary artery fistulas: progression and outcome in five cases
Authors: Sharland Gurleen K. , Konta Laura , Qureshi Shakeel A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, progression, treatment, and outcomes in isolated coronary artery fistula cases diagnosed prenatally.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective review of babies diagnosed prenatally with coronary artery fistulas between January, 2000 and December, 2013; five fetuses were included. Echocardiographic features and measurements were noted during pregnancy and after birth. Treatment and outcome were noted.ResultsGestational age at initial diagnosis was between 19 and 22 weeks; four coronary artery fistulas originated from the right and one from the left circumflex coronary artery. Drainage was into the right atrium in four cases and into the left ventricle in one case. There was cardiomegaly in two cases at the initial scan. The size of the fistulas increased during pregnancy in all except one. All prenatal diagnoses were confirmed postnatally. Among all, two patients developed congestive cardiac failure soon after birth and required transcatheter closure of the coronary artery fistula, 5 and 17 days after birth, respectively; three patients remained asymptomatic, and all of them showed progressive dilation of the feeding artery and had closure of the fistula at 20 months, 4 years, and 7 years of age, respectively. During the follow-up period, which ranged 2–14 years, all the patients were alive and well.ConclusionsCoronary artery fistulas can be diagnosed accurately during fetal life. Some babies may develop congestive cardiac failure soon after birth requiring early treatment. Those treated conservatively should be kept under review as intervention may be required later.
Medium-term follow-up of renal function in hypoxaemic congenital heart disease patients
Authors: Martínez-Quintana Efrén , Rodríguez-González Fayna 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionHypoxaemic congenital heart disease (CHD) patients are at higher risk of complications. The aim of this study was to compare and follow-up blood and 24-hour urine analytical data in hypoxaemic and non-hypoxaemic CHD patients.MethodsThe inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: patients older than 14 years of age with a structural CHD with or without associated hypoxaemia.ResultsIn total, 27 hypoxaemic and 48 non-hypoxaemic CHD patients were included in order to compare blood and 24-hour urine analytical data. Among hypoxaemic patients, 13 (48.1%) were male, two (7.4%) had diabetes mellitus, one of whom was a smoker, one (3.7%) had systemic arterial hypertension, and 11 (40.7%) showed pulmonary arterial hypertension. The mean follow-up time was 3.1±1.9 years. Hypoxaemic CHD patients showed higher proteinuria concentrations (g/24 hours) (0.09 (0.07; 0.46) versus 0.08 (0.07; 0.1), p=0.054) and 24-hour albumin excretion rate (µg/min) (16.5 (11.2; 143.5) versus 4.4 (0.0; 7.6), p<0.001) compared with non-hypoxaemic CHD patients; however, no significant differences were found in the proteinuria levels and in the 24-hour albumin excretion rate in CHD patients with associated hypoxaemia, both at baseline and at follow-up. When divided into groups, hypoxaemic patients with palliative shunts showed significantly higher proteinuria concentrations compared with hypoxaemic patients not operated on or with Fontan procedures (p=0.01). No significant differences were seen in 24-hour proteinuria and 24-hour albumin excretion rate during the follow-up of patients with palliative shunts.ConclusionsHypoxaemic CHD patients have significant higher 24-hour proteinuria concentration and 24-hour albumin excretion rate compared with non-hypoxaemic CHD patients. Among hypoxaemic CHD patients, those with palliative shunts showed the highest 24-hour proteinuria concentrations.
Argentina – Ceramic Tiles: Argentina – Definitive Anti-dumping Measures on Imports of Ceramic Floor Tiles from Italy
Authors: Howse Robert , Neven Damien J. 
Published: September 2015

The WTO rules on dumping and anti-dumping reflect a political bargain, negotiated in the context of a fundamental normative dissensus as to whether dumping is a “wrong” practice and why.In the GATT, there is anapparentlystrong statement against dumping, which can be defined as the sale of a product in the country of importation at a lower price than in the country of exportation, or at below cost. Dumping, the GATT says, is to be “condemned.” However, this is immediately followed by the qualification “ifit causes or threatens material injury to an established industry in the territory of a contracting party or materially retards the establishment of a domestic injury”(Article VI.1: emphasis added).
Managing chronic myeloid leukaemia in the elderly with intermittent imatinib treatment
Authors: Russo D , Malagola M , Skert C , Cancelli V , Turri D , Pregno P , Bergamaschi M , Fogli M , Testoni N , De Vivo A , Castagnetti F , Pungolino E , Stagno F , Breccia M , Martino B , Intermesoli T , Cambrin G R , Nicolini G , Abruzzese E , Tiribelli M , Bigazzi C , Usala E , Russo S , Russo-Rossi A , Lunghi M , Bocchia M , D'Emilio A , Santini V , Girasoli M , Lorenzo R Di , Bernardi S , Palma A Di , Cesana B M , Soverini S , Martinelli G , Rosti G , Baccarani M 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a non-standard, intermittent imatinib treatment in elderly patients with Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia and to answer the question on which dose should be used once a stable optimal response has been achieved. Seventy-six patients aged ⩾65 years in optimal and stable response with ⩾2 years of standard imatinib treatment were enrolled in a study testing a regimen of intermittent imatinib (INTERIM; 1-month on and 1-month off). With a minimum follow-up of 6 years, 16/76 patients (21%) have lost complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and major molecular response (MMR), and 16 patients (21%) have lost MMR only. All these patients were given imatinib again, the same dose, on the standard schedule and achieved again CCyR and MMR or an even deeper molecular response. The probability of remaining on INTERIM at 6 years was 48% (95% confidence interval 35–59%). Nine patients died in remission. No progressions were recorded. Side effects of continuous treatment were reduced by 50%. In optimal and stable responders, a policy of intermittent imatinib treatment is feasible, is successful in about 50% of patients and is safe, as all the patients who relapsed could be brought back to optimal response.
mRNA export through an additional cap-binding complex consisting of NCBP1 and NCBP3
Authors: Gebhardt Anna , Habjan Matthias , Benda Christian , Meiler Arno , Haas Darya A. , Hein Marco Y. , Mann Angelika , Mann Matthias , Habermann Bianca , Pichlmair Andreas 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe flow of genetic information from DNA to protein requires polymerase-II-transcribed RNA characterized by the presence of a 5′-cap. The cap-binding complex (CBC), consisting of the nuclear cap-binding protein (NCBP) 2 and its adaptor NCBP1, is believed to bind all capped RNA and to be necessary for its processing and intracellular localization. Here we show that NCBP1, but not NCBP2, is required for cell viability and poly(A) RNA export. We identify C17orf85 (here named NCBP3) as a cap-binding protein that together with NCBP1 forms an alternative CBC in higher eukaryotes. NCBP3 binds mRNA, associates with components of the mRNA processing machinery and contributes to poly(A) RNA export. Loss of NCBP3 can be compensated by NCBP2 under steady-state conditions. However, NCBP3 becomes pivotal under stress conditions, such as virus infection. We propose the existence of an alternative CBC involving NCBP1 and NCBP3 that plays a key role in mRNA biogenesis.
Activation of a dormant replication origin is essential for Haloferax mediterranei lacking the primary origins
Authors: Yang Haibo , Wu Zhenfang , Liu Jingfang , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Lei , Cai Shuangfeng , Xiang Hua 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe use of multiple origins for chromosome replication has been demonstrated in archaea. Similar to the dormant origins in eukaryotes, some potential origins in archaea appear to be inactive during genome replication. We have comprehensively explored the origin utilization inHaloferax mediterranei. Here we report three active chromosomal origins by genome-wide replication profiling, and demonstrate that when these three origins are deleted, a dormant origin becomes activated. Notably, this dormant origin cannot be further deleted when the other origins are already absent andvice versa. Interestingly, a potential origin that appears to stay dormant in its native hostH. volcaniilacking the main active origins becomes activated and competent for replication of the entire chromosome when integrated into the chromosome of origin-deletedH. mediterranei. These results indicate that origin-dependent replication is strictly required forH. mediterraneiand that dormant replication origins in archaea can be activated if needed.