bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous state‐time approximation of the chemical master equation using tensor product formats
Authors: Dolgov Sergey , Khoromskij Boris 
Published: June 2014

SummaryWe apply the novel tensor product formats (tensor train, quantized TT [QTT], and QTT‐Tucker) to the solution of d‐dimensional chemical master equations for gene regulating networks (signaling cascades, toggle switches, and phage‐ λ). For some important cases, for example, signaling cascade models, we prove analytical tensor product representations of the system operator. The quantized tensor representations (QTT, QTT‐Tucker) are employed in both state space and time, and the global state‐time (d + 1)‐dimensional system is solved in the tensor product form by the alternating minimal energy iteration, the ALS‐type algorithm. This approach leads to the logarithmic dependence of the computational complexity on the volume of the state space. We investigate the proposed technique numerically and compare it with the direct chemical master equation solution and some previously known approximate schemes, where possible. We observe that the newer tensor methods demonstrate a good potential in simulation of relevant biological systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid‐state drawing of β‐nucleated polypropylene: Effect of additives on drawability and mechanical properties
Authors: Luijsterburg Benny , Jobse Peter , Hermida Merino Daniel , Peijs Ton , Goossens Han 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIsotactic polypropylene (i‐PP) can crystallize in different crystal modifications. In this article, the effect of sepiolite (one‐dimensional) and carbon black (three‐dimensional) fillers on the solid‐state drawability of i‐PP is discussed. The cross‐hatched structure of thermodynamically most stable α‐crystal phase in i‐PP does not allow for perfect chain alignment during solid‐state drawing. The β‐phase i‐PP, obtained by addition of specific nucleating agents, crystallizes in a non‐cross‐hatched spherulitic structure and allows more easy drawing. Depending on the filler type, β–α transformation takes place at different draw ratios, as was observed by in situ wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction measurements. It was observed that β‐nucleated i‐PP has a lower yield stress and can be drawn further than i‐PP crystallized in the α‐crystal phase. If added in the right amount, both carbon black and sepiolite have a reinforcing effect on PP tapes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1071–1082
Informing women with breast cancer about endocrine therapy: effects on knowledge and adherence
Authors: Heisig Sarah R. , Shedden‐Mora Meike C. , von Blanckenburg Pia , Schuricht Franziska , Rief Winfried , Albert Ute‐Susann , Nestoriuc Yvonne 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveAdherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy in women with breast cancer is low, and patients are not informed sufficiently. This study analyzes the effects of a structured treatment information on patients' satisfaction, knowledge, and adherence.MethodsAn interventional single cohort study of postoperative women with estrogen‐receptor‐positive breast cancer was conducted to study the effects of enhanced information about endocrine therapy given additionally to clinical routine information. Knowledge and satisfaction with additional information given 1–3 weeks after surgery were assessed before and after informing patients; adherence and knowledge were measured 3 months after start of treatment.ResultsA total of 137 patients were analyzed before and after provision of enhanced treatment information as well as 3 months after start of endocrine therapy. Enhanced information increased satisfaction with information and knowledge. The percentage of patients who knew their estrogen receptor status increased from 50% to 93%. At 3 months follow‐up, 60% still had correct knowledge. Patients who learned their receptor status were older, and those who forgot had lower cognitive abilities and lower educational level. Patients with higher satisfaction, better learning, and comprehension directly after enhanced information showed better adherence at 3 months follow‐up.ConclusionPatients, especially older ones, can benefit from enhanced treatment information given additionally to routine care. Enhanced information about mode of action and potential side effects of endocrine therapy when included into clinical routine might foster patient autonomy and prevent early disruptions in adherence. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2013 President's plenary international psycho‐oncology society: embracing the IPOS standards as a means of enhancing comprehensive cancer care
Authors: Bultz B.D. , Cummings G.G. , Grassi L. , Travado L. , Hoekstra‐Weebers J. , Watson M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe second President's Plenary at the 2013 International Psycho‐oncology Society's World Congress in Rotterdam, the Netherlands aimed to progress and, where needed, initiate changes to achieve comprehensive cancer care. Recent initiatives have been driven by the need to see psychosocial care as an integrated part of holistic multidisciplinary quality cancer care. The President's Plenary session covered the need for the following:

An internationally agreed standard of quality cancer care, which includes psychosocial care for patients and their families and caregivers.
An endorsement to assess distress as the 6th vital sign.
Psycho‐oncology professionals to integrate into a federation promoting better national and international outcomes.ConclusionThis overview highlights progress in terms of enhanced communication between and within different professionals groups supporting the implementation of a model of comprehensive patient care that is inclusive of psychosocial support and screening for distress. Tasks and challenges for the future are set out but the primary message is of the importance of collaboration in order to achieve recognition that psychosocial care is integrated into comprehensive cancer care; in this way, patient, family and carer needs can be more appropriately met. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracing the Fate of Limbal Epithelial Progenitor Cells in the Murine Cornea
Authors: Di Girolamo N. , Bobba S. , Raviraj V. , Delic N. C. , Slapetova I. , Nicovich P. R. , Halliday G. M. , Wakefield D. , Whan R. , Lyons J. G. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Stem cell (SC) division, deployment, and differentiation are processes that contribute to corneal epithelial renewal. Until now studying the destiny of these cells in a living mammal has not been possible. However, the advent of inducible multicolor genetic tagging and powerful imaging technologies has rendered this achievable in the translucent and readily accessible murine cornea. K14CreERT2-Confetti mice that harbor two copies of the Brainbow 2.1 cassette, yielding up to 10 colors from the stochastic recombination of fluorescent proteins, were used to monitor K-14+ progenitor cell dynamics within the corneal epithelium in live animals. Multicolored columns of cells emerged from the basal limbal epithelium as they expanded and migrated linearly at a rate of 10.8 µm/day toward the central cornea. Moreover, the permanent expression of fluorophores, passed on from progenitor to progeny, assisted in discriminating individual clones as spectrally distinct streaks containing more than 1,000 cells within the illuminated area. The centripetal clonal expansion is suggestive that a single progenitor cell is responsible for maintaining a narrow corridor of corneal epithelial cells. Our data are in agreement with the limbus as the repository for SC as opposed to SC being distributed throughout the central cornea. This is the first report describing stem/progenitor cell fate determination in the murine cornea using multicolor genetic tracing. This model represents a powerful new resource to monitor SC kinetics and fate choice under homeostatic conditions, and may assist in assessing clonal evolution during corneal development, aging, wound-healing, disease, and following transplantation. Stem Cells 2015;33:157–169
Mesenchymal TGF-βSignaling Orchestrates Dental Epithelial Stem Cell Homeostasis Through Wnt Signaling
Authors: Yang Guan , Zhou Jian , Teng Yan , Xie Jing , Lin Jingting , Guo Xizhi , Gao Yuanrong , He Miao , Yang Xiao , Wang Songlin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn mouse, continuous growth of the postnatal incisor is coordinated by two populations of multipotent progenitor cells, the dental papilla mesenchymal cells and dental epithelial stem cells, residing at the proximal end of the incisor, yet the molecular mechanism underlying the cooperation between mesenchymal and epithelial cells is largely unknown. Here, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type II receptor (Tgfbr2) was specifically deleted within the postnatal dental papilla mesenchyme. The Tgfbr2-deficient mice displayed malformed incisors with wavy mineralized structures at the labial side as a result of increased differentiation of dental epithelial stem cells. We found that mesenchymal Tgfbr2 disruption led to upregulated expression of Wnt5a and downregulated expression of Fgf3/10 in the mesenchyme, both of which synergistically enhanced Lrp5/6-β-catenin signaling in the cervical loop epithelium. In accord with these findings, mesenchyme-specific depletion of the Wnt transporter gene Wls abolished the aberrant mineralized structures caused by Tgfbr2 deletion. Thus, mesenchymal TGF-β signaling provides a unifying mechanism for the homeostasis of dental epithelial stem cells via a Wnt signaling-mediated mesenchymal-epithelial cell interaction. Stem Cells 2014;32:2939–2948
Innovative energy‐efficiency policies: an international review
Authors: Brown Marilyn 
Published: June 2014

Policies to improve end‐use energy efficiency have invoked great interest over the past several decades because the reduction of energy waste is often the fastest, cheapest, and cleanest energy resource. Most energy‐efficiency (EE) programs and policies to date have been implemented in industrialized nations. This article reviews some of the more innovative efforts, and also describes the EE policies being launched in today's emerging economies, emphasizing the wide range of energy markets, resources, and infrastructures. The focus is on information, financing, and regulatory policies that target efficiency improvements in the buildings and industrial sectors. The review summarizes the array of market failures and barriers, examines theory‐based policy design principles, and uses metrics such as levelized costs and policy supply curve to evaluate policy options. One conclusion from this international review is that policies need to be periodically updated to track technology advances and evolving market conditions. In addition, policymakers need to develop a comprehensive compliance regime, since noncompliance issues not only result in a failure to meet policy goals, but also can produce a loss of confidence in the reliability of EE programs. This article describes many creative and innovative ways that policy regimes are being designed, implemented, and enforced, such that failures of the past can be avoided and successes can be replicated and expanded.WIREs Energy Environ2015, 4:1–25. doi: 10.1002/wene.125This article is categorized under:Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy
Trends toward 100% renewable electricity supply in Germany and Europe: a paradigm shift in energy policies
Authors: Hohmeyer Olav H. , Bohm Sönke 
Published: June 2014

In industrialized countries such as Germany, electricity production contributes 30–40% of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the country. Confronted with GHG emission reductions targets of 80–95% by 2050 and with some GHG emitting sectors confronted with great difficulties to reach such targets, such as agriculture, the power sector will need to reduce its GHG emissions virtually to zero. As nuclear energy involves very substantial accident risks and the unsolved problem of safe long‐term deposit of nuclear waste and as carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) has rather limited safe storage potentials at least in Europe, the question arises, whether it will be possible to supply 100% of all necessary electricity from renewable energy sources? We show that a fast expanding volume of analyses underlines the feasibility and reliability of 100% renewable electricity supply systems. This fast mounting evidence appears to mark the beginning of a paradigm shift in energy politics, as highly regarded national and international advisory bodies such as the IPCC or the German Council of Environmental Advisors start to adopt this perspective. The example of the highly publicized study of the German Council of Environmental Advisors shows how a 100% renewable electricity system for Germany, Europe, and North Africa could look in 2050 and how the transition toward such a system could be achieved. This study, conducted with major input from the authors, is used to show the major aspects of a 100% renewable electricity supply system, such as the security of supply in every hour of the year, the compensation of intermittent sources such as wind and solar PV energy by other renewables and expanded storage, and the necessary extension of national and international grid infrastructures. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:74–97. doi: 10.1002/wene.128This article is categorized under:

Energy and Development > Economics and Policy
Status of solar cooling in the World: markets and available products
Authors: Mugnier Daniel , Jakob Uli 
Published: June 2014

Solar thermal cooling technology is nowadays facing a very exciting challenge. Air conditioning is a constant growing energy segment, especially in sunny and emerging countries. The worldwide trend for development of Renewables must cover this critical cooling application and solar thermal energy presents a natural and strong solution to address it. However, even if reliable technologically advanced products are presently available, the solar cooling sector needs to leap from a pre‐industrial and demonstration status into a competitive mass market. The solar cooling market is made for the time being of solar cooling kits, some custom made solar desiccant evaporative cooling systems and sorption systems. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:229–234. doi: 10.1002/wene.132This article is categorized under:

Solar Heating and Cooling > Systems and Infrastructure
Two 1D Ladderlike Heterometallic Zinc(II) Coordination Polymers: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Zheng Yan‐Feng , Sun Ya‐Qiu , Liu Xiao‐Xu , Xu Yan‐Yan , Gao Dong‐Zhao , Zhang Guo‐Ying 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTwo coordination polymers [Zn2(ipt)2(CuL)2(H2O)] (1) and [Zn2(ipt)2(NiL)2(H2O)] (2) (ML, H2L = 2,3‐dioxo‐5,6,14,15‐dibenzo‐1,4,8,12‐tetraazacyclo‐pentadeca‐7,13‐dien; H2ipt = isophthalic acid) were synthesized by solvothermal methods and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit ladderlike chains, consisting of Zn4Cu4 and Zn4Ni4 units, respectively, which are connected via oxamide and isophthalate. These chains are further interlinked by hydrogen bonds resulting in a 2D supramolecular architecture. The fluorescence properties of compounds 1 and 2 are also discussed.
An Observational Cohort Study of the Adoption of Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing for the Treatment of Pediatric Femur Fractures in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Kaiser Scott P. , Holland Tai , Baidoo Paa Kwesi , Coughlin Richard C. , Konadu Peter , Awariyah Dominic , Kumah‐Ametepey Raphael A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground
In high‐ and middle‐income countries, elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) is the commonest treatment of femur fractures in children 5–11 years of age. At Komfo Anokye Teaching hospital (KATH) in Kumasi, Ghana, prior to this study all pediatric femur fractures were treated with skin traction to union. This study was designed to report the early results and costs of the adoption of ESIN at KATH to provide data to other low‐ and middle‐income sites considering adoption of this surgical technique.MethodsAn observational cohort study that included 84 pediatric patients ages 3–14 years presenting with closed femur fractures and treated with either skin traction or ESIN. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare the rate of treatment success between treatment groups.ResultsTreatment success (coronal and sagittal angulation less than 10 ° and shortening less than 15 mm at osseous union) was achieved in 92 % of the ESIN group versus 67 % of the skin traction group (odds ratio for ESIN group 9.28 (1.6–54.7); p = 0.0138). Average length of stay was significantly lower in the ESIN group (p = 0.001), but charges to patients were higher in the ESIN group (p < 0.001) because of the high cost of implants.ConclusionsThe initial experience of operative treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children using ESIN was positive, with improved rates of treatment success and no surgical complications. Because of the high cost of implants, direct costs of treatment remained higher with ESIN despite reductions in length of hospital stay.
Changing Trends in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery over the Decade: Is Same‐day Discharge Feasible in the United Kingdom?
Authors: Rajeev Parameswaran , Sutaria Rupesh , Ezzat Tarek , Mihai Radu , Sadler Gregory P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundA recent British Association of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgeons consensus document suggested that day‐case thyroidectomy is feasible in a small proportion of patients but has to be balanced against risks. Currently, there is no large reported series of same‐day discharge in thyroid and parathyroid surgery from the UK. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of day‐case thyroid and parathyroid surgery.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent thyroid or parathyroid surgery between January 2000 and December 2011 at Oxford University Hospitals. The end points analysed were complications in the form of bleeding, hypocalcaemia, wound infection, and seroma.ResultsA total of 2,102 patients (495 males and 1,607 females, age range = 13–90 years) underwent surgery for parathyroid (n = 776) or thyroid (n = 1,326) conditions. The operations included minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) (n = 331), open parathyroidectomy (n = 445), lobectomy (n = 687), isthmusectomy (n = 23), total thyroidectomy (n = 580) and thyroglossal cyst excision (n = 36). Routine arrangements were in place for consideration of same‐day discharge for lobectomies, thyroglossal cyst surgery, and MIPs; lobectomies accounted for 63 % of same‐day cases, followed by parathyroidectomy (35 %). Over the decade, day‐case surgery increased from 4 to 17 % for thyroid surgery and from 20 to 40 % for parathyroid surgery. None of the 435 patients who had same‐day discharge was readmitted for bleeding [confidence interval (CI) 0–0.6 %]. There was no 30‐day mortality for the whole cohort. Complications in patients who underwent surgery in the whole cohort versus those who were discharged the same day were temporary hypocalcaemia (4 vs. 0.2 %), permanent hypocalcaemia (1 vs. 0.4 %), bleeding (0.4 vs. 0 %), seroma (0.3 vs. 0 %), and wound infection (0.3 vs. 0 %).ConclusionCurrent protocols for thyroid or parathyroid surgery make same‐day discharge feasible and safe in carefully selected patients.

MIP
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy
High glucose concentrations are associated with symptoms of mild anaemia in Whiskered Terns: consequences for assessing physiological quality in birds
Authors: Minias Piotr 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlthough blood concentrations of glucose and haemoglobin are known to correlate with nutritional state of individuals, hyperglycaemic states in vertebrates are often linked to anaemia. A negative relationship between blood concentrations of glucose and haemoglobin was confirmed in a wild population of Whiskered TernsChlidonias hybrida. Also, terns with higher haemoglobin concentrations initiated laying earlier and had clutches with larger eggs, while blood glucose concentrations of individuals were not associated with the timing of laying and egg size. This implies that blood haemoglobin concentration may be considered a much more robust indicator of physiological quality than glucose concentrations in the Whiskered Tern, and possibly in other waterbirds.
Functional studies of 18 heterologously expressed medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) variants
Authors: Koster Kira‐Lee , Sturm Marga , Herebian Diran , Smits Sander H. J. , Spiekerkoetter Ute 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMedium‐chain acyl‐coenzyme‐A dehydrogenase (MCAD) catalyzes the first step of mitochondrial beta‐oxidation for medium‐chain acyl‐CoAs. Mutations in the ACADM gene cause MCAD deficiency presenting with life‐threatening symptoms during catabolism. Since fatty‐acid‐oxidation disorders are part of newborn screening (NBS), many novel mutations with unknown clinical relevance have been identified in asymptomatic newborns. Eighteen of these mutations were separately cloned into the human ACADM gene, heterologously overexpressed in Escherichia coli and functionally characterized by using different substrates, molecular chaperones, and measured at different temperatures. In addition, they were mapped to the three‐dimensional MCAD structure, and cross‐link experiments were performed. This study identified variants that only moderately affect the MCAD protein in vitro, such as Y42H, E18K, and R6H, in contrast to the remaining 15 mutants. These three mutants display residual octanoyl‐CoA oxidation activities in the range of 22 % to 47 %, are as temperature sensitive as the wild type, and reach 100 % activity with molecular chaperone co‐overexpression. Projection into the three‐dimensional protein structure gave some indication as to possible reasons for decreased enzyme activities. Additionally, six of the eight novel mutations, functionally characterized for the first time, showed severely reduced residual activities < 5 % despite high expression levels. These studies are of relevance because they classify novel mutants in vitro on the basis of their corresponding functional effects. This basic knowledge should be taken into consideration for individual management after NBS.
Autonomic nervous regulation of ovarian function by noxious somatic afferent stimulation
Authors: Uchida Sae , Kagitani Fusako 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
It is well known that ovarian function is regulated by hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian hormones. However, although several histological studies have described the autonomic innervation of the ovary, the involvement of these autonomic nerves in ovarian function is unclear. Recently, it has been shown that both the superior ovarian nerve (SON) and the ovarian nerve plexus (ONP) induce vasoconstrictor activity by activation of alpha 1-adrenoceptors, whereas the SON, but not the ONP, inhibits ovarian estradiol secretion by activation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Furthermore, reflex activation of these ovarian nerves by noxious cutaneous stimulation of the rat hindpaw results in ovarian vasoconstriction and inhibition of estradiol secretion. Thus, in addition to long-term regulation of ovarian function by hormones, ovarian autonomic innervation may be involved in rapid regulation of ovarian function by responding to either internal or external environmental changes.