bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into human phosphoglycerate kinase 1 deficiency as a conformational disease from biochemical, biophysical, and in vitro expression analyses
Authors: Pey Angel L. , Maggi Maristella , Valentini Giovanna 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMutations in genes encoding metabolic enzymes are often the cause of inherited diseases. Mutations usually affect the ability of proteins to fold properly, thus leading to enzyme loss of function. In this work, we explored the relationships between protein stability, aggregation, and degradation in vitro and inside cells in a large set of mutants associated with human phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (hPGK1) deficiency. To this end, we studied a third of the pathogenic alleles reported in the literature using expression analyses and biochemical, biophysical, and computational procedures. Our results show that most pathogenic variants studied had an increased tendency to aggregate when expressed in Escherichia coli, well correlating with the denaturation half‐lives measured by thermal denaturation in vitro. Further, the most deleterious mutants show reduced stability toward chemical denaturation and proteolysis, supporting a pivotal role of thermodynamic stability in the propensity toward aggregation and proteolysis of pathogenic hPGK1 mutants in vitro and inside cells. Our strategy allowed us to unravel the complex relationships between protein stability, aggregation, and degradation in hPGK1 deficiency, which might be used to understand disease mechanisms in many inborn errors of metabolism. Our results suggest that pharmacological chaperones and protein homeostasis modulators could be considered as good candidates for therapeutic approaches for hPGK1 deficiency.
Thick Low-Friction nc-MeC/a-C Nanocomposite Coatings on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy: Microstructure and Tribological Properties in Sliding Contact with a Ball
Authors: Zimowski Sławomir , Moskalewicz Tomasz , Wendler Bogdan , Kot Marcin , Czyrska-Filemonowicz Aleksandra 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we show that duplex surface treatment, combining oxygen diffusion hardening with the subsequent deposition of thick, low-friction nanocomposite nc-MeC/a-C coatings to improve the tribological properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. We have synthesized, in a magnetron sputtering process, the nanocomposite nc-MeC/a-C coatings (where Me denotes W or Ti transition metal) consisting of two dissimilar materials (nanocrystallites of transition metal carbides MeC and an amorphous carbon matrix a-C). The nano and microstructure of the substrate material and coatings were examined with the use of scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as by X-ray diffractometry. It was found that different carbide nanocrystals of the same transition metal were embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix of both coatings. The HRTEM analysis indicated that the volume fraction of tungsten carbides in the nc-WC/a-C coating was equal to 13 pct, whereas in the nc-TiC/a-C one the volume fraction of the titanium carbides was equal to just 3 pct. The tribological properties, hardness, and scratch resistance of the coatings were investigated as well. The coefficient of friction (COF) of the coatings during dry sliding against 6 mm diameter alumina ball reached very low value, 0.05, in comparison with an oxygen-hardened alloy, whose COF was equal to 0.8. This low-friction effect of the coatings has been attributed to the formation of a self-lubricating film in sliding contact. The coatings exhibited similar failure morphology in the scratch tests. Even though the hardness was rather low, the coatings exhibited a very good wear resistance during sliding friction. The wear rate of the nc-WC/a-C coating was equal to 0.08 × 10−6 mm3 N−1 m−1 and for the nc-TiC/a-C one it was 0.28 × 10−6 mm3 N−1 m−1.
Experiments on the fragmentation of a buoyant liquid volume in another liquid
Authors: Landeau M. , Deguen R. , Olson P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe present experiments on the instability and fragmentation of volumes of heavier liquids released into lighter immiscible liquids. We focus on the regime defined by small Ohnesorge numbers, density ratios of the order of one, and variable Weber numbers. The observed stages in the fragmentation process include deformation of the released fluid by either Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) or vortex ring roll-up and destabilization, formation of filamentary structures, capillary instability, and drop formation. At low and intermediate Weber numbers, a wide variety of fragmentation regimes is identified. Those regimes depend on early deformations, which mainly result from a competition between the growth of RTI and the roll-up of a vortex ring. At high Weber numbers, turbulent vortex ring formation is observed. We have adapted the standard theory of turbulent entrainment to buoyant vortex rings with initial momentum. We find consistency between this theory and our experiments, indicating that the concept of turbulent entrainment is valid for non-dispersed immiscible fluids at large Weber and Reynolds numbers.
Microstructure and rheology of finite inertia neutrally buoyant suspensions
Authors: Haddadi Hamed , Morris Jeffrey F. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe microstructure and rheological properties of suspensions of neutrally buoyant hard spherical particles in Newtonian fluid under finite inertia conditions are studied using the lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM), which is based on a discrete Boltzmann model for the fluid and Newtonian dynamics for the particles. The suspensions are subjected to simple-shear flow and the properties are studied as a function of Reynolds number and volume fraction, $\phi $. The inertia is characterized by the particle-scale shear flow Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}= {(\rho \dot{\gamma }a^{2})/\mu }$, where $a$ is the particle radius, $\dot{\gamma }$ is the shear rate and $\rho $ and $\mu $ are the density and viscosity of the fluid, respectively. The influences of inertia and of the volume fraction are investigated for $0.005\leqslant \mathit{Re}\leqslant 5$ and$0.1\leqslant \phi \leqslant 0.35$. The flow-induced microstructure is studied using the pair distribution function $g(\boldsymbol {r})$. Different stress mechanisms, including those due to surface tractions (stresslet), acceleration and the Reynolds stress due to velocity fluctuations are computed and their influence on the first and second normal stress differences, the particle pressure and the viscosity of the suspensions are detailed. The probability density functions (PDFs) of linear and angular accelerations are also presented.
A principled Cognitive Linguistics account of English phrasal verbs withupandout*
Authors: MAHPEYKAR NARGES , TYLER ANDREA 
Published: May 2014

abstractMany attempts have been made to discover some systematicity in the semantics of phrasal verbs. However, most research has investigated the semantics of particles exclusively; no study has examined how the multiple meanings of the verb also contribute to the meanings of phrasal verbs. The current corpus-based (COCA) study advances the research on phrasal verbs by examining the interaction of the polysemy networks of both the verb and the particle in four phrasal verb constructions:get up,take up,get out, andtake out. Following the Cognitive Linguistics (CL) based methodology set out by Tyler and Evans (2003) for analyzing the semantics of particles, in conjunction with Langacker’s (1991) analysis of the semantics of verbs, a replicable polysemy analysis of the semantics ofgetandtakewas established. The polysemy networks for both the verbs and the particles laid the foundation for investigating the multiple meanings of the phrasal verbs found in the corpus. The CL-based analysis of the semantics of the phrasal verb constructions provides evidence for the compositional nature of phrasal verbs, showing that the multiple meanings can be systematically accounted for through the interaction of the polysemy networks of the component verbs and particles.
Prospective three-year follow up of a cohort study of 240 patients with chronic facial pain
Authors: Agius A M , Jones N S , Muscat R 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground:Patients often present with facial pain ascribed to sinusitis, despite normal nasal endoscopy and sinus computed tomography. Facial pain is increasingly recognised to be of neurological origin.Method:A cohort of 240 patients with chronic facial pain was followed up for 36 months at an otolaryngological practice in Malta. The types of facial pain were classified according to International Headache Classification criteria. The body mass index, occupation and educational level of patients were compared with the general population.Results:Tension-type mid-facial pain and facial migraine without aura were the most common types of chronic facial pain. The sites of pain, symptoms, treatment and outcomes for these principal pain types are discussed. Patients with mid-facial pain were treated with low-dose amitriptyline for eight weeks. After three years, nearly half of the patients were symptom free, and in a third the pain changed from being chronic to being episodic. The treatment of patients with facial migraine was more varied but the length of time until recurrence of pain was similar.Conclusion:The most effective long-term treatments for tension-type mid-facial pain and facial migraine were low-dose amitriptyline and low-dose amitriptyline and triptans, respectively.
Optimising the pre-treatment process before mobile ear surgery for chronic suppurative otitis media in Wolisso and Attat, Ethiopia
Authors: Guntinas-Lichius O , Wittekindt C , Baier M , Manni J J 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground:Chronic suppurative otitis media is a major cause of long-standing hearing impairment in many Sub-Saharan African countries.Methods:Attempts were made to optimise the pre-treatment process before mobile ear surgery for chronic suppurative otitis media in Wolisso, a semi-urban community in the Oromia region, and in Attat, a rural community in the Gurage region, both in the south-west of Ethiopia, between 2008 and 2010. This included special training for ENT nurses, and the use of a strict scheduling regime and improved topical treatment.Results and conclusion:This strategy allowed effective middle-ear surgery to be carried out using simple means and with a mobile ear surgery team, the latter of which is only transiently but regularly on site.
Biometry of the normal stapes using stapes axial plane, high-resolution computed tomography
Authors: Rousset J , Garetier M , Gentric J-C , Chinellato S , Barberot C , Le Bivic T , Mériot P 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjective:The stapes is difficult to analyse on computed tomography because of the small size of its components and its oblique orientation. The stapes axial plane, parallel to the superstructure, seems optimal for this purpose. The present study assessed the position of the stapes axial plane with respect to the usual axial plane including the lateral semicircular canal, and sought to measure the main dimensions of the stapes.Methods:This retrospective study comprised 208 computed tomography scans of normal ears. Stapes length and width, footplate thickness and incudostapedial joint width were measured.Results:The stapes axial plane was directed upward, outward (44°) and forward (12°) with respect to the lateral semicircular canal plane. Mean head-to-footplate distance was 3.7 mm and mean superstructure width was 2.7 mm. Mean footplate thickness was 0.27 mm on stapes axial plane versus 0.48 mm on lateral semicircular canal plane. Incudostapedial joint width was systematically less than 0.7 mm.Conclusion:Stapes dimensions on stapes axial plane were close to anatomical data, particularly for footplate thickness.
A longitudinal assessment of the serological response toTheileria parvaand other tick-borne parasites from birth to one year in a cohort of indigenous calves in western Kenya
Authors: KIARA H. , JENNINGS A. , BRONSVOORT B. M. DE C. , HANDEL I. G. , MWANGI S. T. , MBOLE-KARIUKI M. , CONRADIE VAN WYK I. , POOLE E. J. , HANOTTE O. , COETZER J. A. W. , WOOLHOUSE M. E. J. , TOYE P. G. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYTick-borne diseases are a major impediment to improved productivity of livestock in sub-Saharan Africa. Improved control of these diseases would be assisted by detailed epidemiological data. Here we used longitudinal, serological data to determine the patterns of exposure toTheileria parva, Theileria mutans, Babesia bigeminaandAnaplasma marginalefrom 548 indigenous calves in western Kenya. The percentage of calves seropositive for the first three parasites declined from initial high levels due to maternal antibody until week 16, after which the percentage increased until the end of the study. In contrast, the percentage of calves seropositive forT. mutansincreased from week 6 and reached a maximal level at week 16. Overall 423 (77%) calves seroconverted toT. parva, 451 (82%) toT. mutans, 195 (36%) toB. bigeminaand 275 (50%) toA. marginale. Theileria parvaantibody levels were sustained following infection, in contrast to those of the other three haemoparasites. Three times as many calves seroconverted toT. mutansbefore seroconverting toT. parva. NoT. parvaantibody response was detected in 25 calves that died ofT. parvainfection, suggesting that most deaths due toT. parvaare the result of acute disease from primary exposure.
The influence of immersion and presence in early stage engineering designing and building
Authors: Faas Daniela , Bao Qifang , Frey Daniel D. , Yang Maria C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper explores the role of a designer's sense of engagement in early stage design. In the field of virtual reality, presence and immersion are standard measures of an individual's sense of engagement and involvement in an activity. High levels of presence might indicate that the designer is highly focused on the work. The central research question is the following: do designers who are more engaged in design activity, as measured by presence and immersive tendency questionnaires, produce better designs? An experiment was conducted to assess presence and immersive tendencies within the context of a hands-on, open-ended design-and-build activity. The results indicated that the designers' sense of immersion and presence ranged widely as well as their sense of frustration and calmness while performing the design activity. It was found that higher levels of presence correlated with either high design performance or low design performance. Lower levels of presence correlated with average design performance. No correlations were found between immersive tendency and design performance. This study suggests that some level of presence can be linked with better design, and it implies that level of presence might serve as an indicator of performance and learning in similar design-and-build activities.
The mechanical transformation and environmentally conscious behavior
Authors: Son Jay Jungik , Shu L.H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe aim of this work is to explore the relationship between products that mechanically transform and individual environmentally conscious behavior (ECB). Our qualitative study led to observations on how each of the three transformation principles, expand/collapse, expose/cover, and fuse/divide, specifically supports ECBs. As expected, expand/collapse enables better portability of products. Increased portability of reusable products (e.g., travel mugs and shopping bags) reduces reliance on their disposable counterparts. A less expected observation is that increased portability also increases the spontaneity by which ECBs could be carried out. While there are fewer ECB supporting products that incorporate the expose/cover principle, we believe that it enables one to include, yet hide potentially unaesthetic, features that support ECB in often-used or worn items. Finally, we found fuse/divide to enable portability beyond what is possible with expand/collapse alone. Fuse/divide may also make possible other product transport and reuse strategies. We conclude that mechanically transformable products support and enable ECBs, especially when existing infrastructure presents obstacles. Such products may increase the rate of participation in ECB, which then justifies improvements to the shortfalls in infrastructure for which they compensate.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Adults: Early Cognitive Outcome
Authors: Kinsella Glynda J. , Olver John , Ong Ben , Gruen Russell , Hammersley Eleanor 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSevere traumatic brain injury (TBI) in older age is associated with high rates of mortality. However, little is known about outcome following mild TBI (mTBI) in older age. We report on a prospective cohort study investigating 3 month outcome in older age patients admitted to hospital-based trauma services. First, 50 mTBI older age patients and 58 orthopedic controls were compared to 123 community control participants to evaluate predisposition and general trauma effects on cognition. Specific brain injury effects were subsequently evaluated by comparing the orthopedic control and mTBI groups. Both trauma groups had significantly lower performances than the community group on prospective memory (d=0.82 to 1.18), attention set-shifting (d=−0.61 to −0.69), and physical quality of life measures (d=0.67 to 0.84). However, there was only a small to moderate but non-significant difference in the orthopedic control and mTBI group performances on the most demanding task of prospective memory (d=0.37). These findings indicate that, at 3 months following mTBI, older adults are at risk of poor cognitive performance but this is substantially accounted for by predisposition to injury or general multi-system trauma. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–9)
On equivalence of infinitary formulas under the stable model semantics
Authors: HARRISON AMELIA , LIFSCHITZ VLADIMIR , TRUSZCZYNSKI MIROSLAW 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPropositional formulas that are equivalent in intuitionistic logic, or in its extension known as the logic of here-and-there, have the same stable models. We extend this theorem to propositional formulas with infinitely long conjunctions and disjunctions and show how to apply this generalization to proving properties of aggregates in answer set programming.
Sonic Anthropology in 1900: The Challenge of Transcribing Non-Western Music and Language
Authors: PASLER JANN 
Published: May 2014

AbstractComing to terms with foreign otherness in 1900 inevitably involved interpretation, negotiation and acceptance of the ungraspable ‘space between’ the oral and the written. Julien Tiersot's transcriptions of non-western music into western notation tell us more about racial preconceptions and the search for musical universals than about musical difference. Léon Azoulay, French physician and member of the Société d'Anthropologie, similarly presumed something universal in human languages, and wished to fix them through ‘non-systematic’ transcriptions into phonemes and ‘semi-literal’ translations. However, whereas Tiersot took dictation from musicians performing at the Paris Universal Exhibitions, in 1900 Azoulay made over 400 wax cylinder recordings there. This little-known and, until recently, unavailable collection includes diverse languages and dialects, accompanied by notes on the linguistic and sociological characteristics of those recorded. These documents shed light upon the ‘revolution in knowledge’ they sought to bring about, and how the genre of transcription reveals fundamental aspects of the colonial experience.
Whose Bird Is It? Messiaen's Transcriptions of Australian Songbirds
Authors: TAYLOR HOLLIS 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article examines the meeting point of Olivier Messiaen, Australia and birdsong, particularly as it relates to the transcription of pied butcherbird (Cracticus nigrogularis) vocalizations. It draws upon correspondence from Messiaen to the Australian ornithologist Sydney Curtis, printed here for the first time, as well as two recordings not previously available to musicologists, from which Messiaen transcribed. Both the recorded birdsong models and Messiaen's transcription of them in hiscahiersare subjected to sonographic and waveform analysis. In analytical scrutiny of eight of these transcriptions, I demonstrate that Messiaen's pied butcherbird transcriptions conform to their models in a partial and highly personal way. I propose a provisional template for Messiaen's approach to birdsong transcription, in order to answer Alexander Goehr's question: ‘Why do birds sound like birds, but Messiaen's birds sound like Messiaen?’
Urban home gardens in the Global North: A mixed methods study of ethnic and migrant home gardens in Chicago, IL
Authors: Taylor John R. , Lovell Sarah Taylor 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn the United States, interest in urban farms and community gardens is flourishing, yet the urban home food garden (UHFG) and its contributions to urban systems have been overlooked and understudied. To begin to address this gap, we are conducting a mixed methods study of African American, Chinese-origin and Mexican-origin households with home gardens in Chicago, IL. Study methods include in-depth interviews, participant observation, ethnobotanical surveys and analysis of the chemical and physical properties of garden soils. As of this writing, findings indicate that home gardening has an array of beneficial effects, contributing to household food budgets and community food systems, the reproduction of cultural identity and urban biodiversity. The majority of informants in the study were internal or international migrants. For these individuals, gardening, culture-specific food plant assemblages and the foodways they support represent a continuation of cultural practices and traditional agroecological knowledge associated with their place of origin. The gardens of some migrant households also harbor urban agrobiodiversity with roots in the Global South. At the same time, gardens may have less salubrious effects on urban systems and populations. A lack of knowledge of safe gardening practices may expose vulnerable populations to environmental hazards such as soil contaminants. Gardeners in this study reported using synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides, sometimes indiscriminately, and the repeated application of synthetic fertilizers and compost may contribute to the nutrient loading of urban stormwater runoff. These effects may be moderated by the relatively low bulk density and high porosity of garden soils due to tillage and the application of organic matter, which can be expected to enhance stormwater infiltration. While the UHFG's potential contributions to urban systems are significant, outreach and research are needed to help gardeners grow food safely and sustainably in ways that contribute to overall ecosystem health.
New high-pressure van der Waals compound Kr(H2)4 discovered in the krypton-hydrogen binary system
Authors: Kleppe Annette K. , Amboage Mónica , Jephcoat Andrew P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe application of pressure to materials can reveal unexpected chemistry. Under compression, noble gases form stoichiometric van der Waals (vdW) compounds with closed-shell molecules such as hydrogen, leading to a variety of unusual structures. We have synthesised Kr(H2)4 for the first time in a diamond-anvil high-pressure cell at pressures ≥5.3 GPa and characterised its structural and vibrational properties to above 50 GPa. The structure of Kr(H2)4, as solved by single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction, is face-centred cubic (fcc) with krypton atoms forming isolated octahedra at fcc sites. Rotationally disordered H2 molecules occupy four different, interstitial sites, consistent with the observation of four Raman active H2 vibrons. The discovery of Kr(H2)4 expands the range of pressure-stabilised, hydrogen-rich vdW solids, and, in comparison with the two known rare-gas-H2 compounds, Xe(H2)8 and Ar(H2)2, reveals an increasing change in hydrogen molecular packing with increasing rare gas atomic number.