bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol in the second half of life: do usual quantity and frequency of drinking to intoxication increase with increased drinking frequency?
Authors: Brunborg Geir Scott , Østhus Ståle 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimsWe investigated if increased drinking frequency among adults in the second half of life co‐occurred with increased usual quantity and increased intoxication frequency.DesignTwo‐wave panel study.SettingNorway.ParticipantsNorwegian adults (1017 women and 959 men) aged 40–79 years.MeasurementsDrinking frequency, usual quantity and intoxication frequency was measured by self‐report in 2002/03 and again in 2007/08. Information about gender, age and level of education was obtained from the public register. Health was collected by self‐report.FindingsBecause of a significant gender × change in drinking frequency interaction effect on change in intoxication frequency (b = 0.02, P = 0.013), women and men were analysed separately. After adjusting for covariates, women who increase their drinking frequency showed a non‐significant decrease in usual quantity [low initial usual quantity (LIUQ): β = −0.01, P = 0.879; high initial usual quantity (HIUQ): β = −0.06, P = 0.164] and a non‐significant increase in intoxication frequency (LIUQ: β = 0.04, P = 0.569; HIUQ: β = 0.09, P = 0.251). Men who increased their drinking frequency showed a small decrease in usual quantity (LIUQ: β = −0.06, P = 0.049; HIUQ: β = −0.05, P = 0.002) and a small increase in intoxication frequency (LIUQ: β = 0.05, P = 0.035; HIUQ: β = 0.13, P = 0.004).ConclusionAmong Norwegian adults in the second half of life, increased drinking frequency appears to be associated with a small reduction in usual quantity, and a small increase in frequency of drinking to intoxication.
Validation and performance of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) among adolescent primary care patients
Authors: Gryczynski Jan , Kelly Sharon M. , Mitchell Shannon Gwin , Kirk Arethusa , O'Grady Kevin E. , Schwartz Robert P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsThe World Health Organization's Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) has strong support as a clinical screening tool and research instrument, but has only been validated with adults. This study evaluated the ASSIST and ASSIST‐Lite in an adolescent population.DesignInternal consistency, concurrent validity, discriminant validity and diagnostic accuracy were examined for tobacco, alcohol and cannabis ASSIST scores. An abbreviated version (the ASSIST‐Lite) was evaluated for cannabis.SettingThree community health centers in Baltimore, MD, USA.ParticipantsA total of 525 primary care patients, ages 12–17 years.MeasurementsMeasures included the ASSIST, the CRAFFT screening tool and items from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) corresponding to substance use disorder criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition.FindingsThe ASSIST had good internal consistency (α = 0.68–0.88), good concurrent validity with the CRAFFT (r = 0.41–0.76; P < 0.001), and was able to discriminate between gradations of cannabis problem severity. In receiver operating characteristics analysis of optimal clinical cut‐points, the ASSIST accurately identified tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use disorders (sensitivities = 95–100%; specificities = 79–93%; area under the curve [AUC] = 0.90–0.94), but did so at minimally low cut‐points (indicative of any use in the past 3 months). The ASSIST‐Lite performed similarly to the ASSIST in identifying cannabis use disorders (sensitivity = 96%; specificity = 88%; AUC = 0.92), also at a minimally low cut‐point. However, confirmatory factor analysis of the ASSIST indicated poor model fit.ConclusionsThe Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) is promising as a research and screening/brief assessment tool with adolescents, but revisions to clinical risk thresholds are warranted. The ASSIST‐Lite is sufficiently informative for rapid clinical screening of adolescents for cannabis use disorders.
Capturing illicit drug use where and when it happens: an ecological momentary assessment of the social, physical and activity environment of using versus craving illicit drugs
Authors: Linas Beth S. , Latkin Carl , Westergaard Ryan P. , Chang Larry W. , Bollinger Robert C. , Genz Andrew , Kirk Gregory D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimsTo understand the environmental and contextual influences of illicit cocaine and heroin use and craving using mobile health (mHealth) methods.DesignInteractive mHealth methods of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) were utilized in the Exposure Assessment in Current Time (EXACT) study to assess drug use and craving among urban drug users in real time. Participants were provided with mobile devices and asked to self‐report every time they either craved (without using) or used heroin or cocaine for 30 days from November 2008 through May 2013.SettingBaltimore, MD, USA.ParticipantsA total of 109 participants from the AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience (ALIVE) study.MeasurementsFor each drug use or craving event, participants answered questions concerning their drug use, current mood and their social, physical and activity environments. Odds ratios (OR) of drug use versus craving were obtained from logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations of all reported events.FindingsParticipants were a median of 48.5 years old, 90% African American, 52% male and 59% HIV‐infected. Participants were significantly more likely to report use rather than craving drugs if they were with someone who was using drugs [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13, 1.86), in an abandoned space (aOR = 6.65, 95% CI = 1.78, 24.84) or walking/wandering (aOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.11, 2.54). Craving drugs was associated with being with a child (aOR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.12, 0.59), eating (aOR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.34, 0.85) or being at the doctor's office (aOR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.12, 0.80).ConclusionsThere are distinct drug using and craving environments among urban drug users, which may provide a framework for developing real‐time context‐sensitive interventions.
Range extension and conservation status of Cymbula nigra (Gastropoda: Patellidae) in the Tunisian shores
Authors: Boukhicha Jihen , Ben Hassine Oum Kalthoum , Tlig‐Zouari Sabiha 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCymbula nigra is the largest limpet in the Mediterranean. It has been listed since 1993, as an ‘endangered species’. Its historical range in the Mediterranean includes the southern Spanish, the Moroccan and the Algerian coasts. Recent observations have confirmed its proliferation in southern Spain and its progression along the European and North African Mediterranean coasts. Field surveys carried out along the Tunisian coasts during winter 2011 revealed the presence of this species in the Gulf of Tunis and the Cap Bon. The finding of C. nigra represents a range extension possibly enhanced by the current global warming, as it is a ‘warm‐water species’. The absence of records in previous surveys to the same sampling sites (2006–2007), together with the small sizes recorded in 2011, confirms the recent installation of the species. The limpet was recorded in areas spared of pollution, characterized by a predominant influence of the Atlantic current, and also showed a preference for steep cliffs exposed to strong waves. This is the first population study of this endangered gastropod outside of its original range of distribution. The determination of the ecological characteristics of newly colonized habitats might serve as a starting point for the establishment of appropriate recommendations for its conservation.
Superoxide anions in the paraventricular nucleus mediate cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in insulin resistance rats
Authors: Sun H.‐J. , Zhou H. , Feng X.‐M. , Gao Q. , Ding L. , Tang C.‐S. , Zhu G.‐Q. , Zhou Y.‐B. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimCardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) participates in sympathetic over‐excitation. Superoxide anions and angiotensin II (Ang II) mechanisms are associated with sympathetic outflow and CSAR in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). This study was designed to investigate whether PVN superoxide anions mediate CSAR and Ang II‐induced CSAR enhancement response in fructose‐induced insulin resistance (IR) rats.MethodsCSAR was evaluated with the changes of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to the epicardial application of capsaicin (CAP) in anaesthetized rats.ResultsCompared with Control rats, IR rats showed that CSAR, PVN NAD(P)H oxidase activity, superoxide anions, malondialdehyde (MDA), Ang II and AT1 receptor levels were significantly increased, whereas PVN superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were decreased. In Control and IR rats, PVN microinjection of superoxide anions scavengers tempol, tiron and PEG‐SOD (an analogue of endogenous superoxide dismutase) or inhibition of PVN NAD(P)H oxidase with apocynin caused significant reduction of CSAR, respectively, but DETC (a superoxide dismutase inhibitor) strengthened the CSAR. PVN pre‐treatment with tempol abolished, whereas DETC potentiated, Ang II‐induced CSAR enhancement response. Moreover, PVN pre‐treatment with tempol or losartan prevented superoxide anions increase caused by Ang II in IR rats.ConclusionPVN superoxide anions mediate CSAR and Ang II‐induced CSAR response in IR rats. In IR state, increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity and decreased SOD and CAT activities in the PVN promote superoxide anions increase to involve in CSAR enhancement. Ang II may increase NAD(P)H oxidase activity via AT1 receptor to induce superoxide anion production.
Oxidative Glial Cell Damage Associated with White Matter Lesions in the Aging Human Brain
Authors: Al‐Mashhadi Sufana , Simpson Julie E. , Heath Paul R. , Dickman Mark , Forster Gillian , Matthews Fiona E. , Brayne Carol , Ince Paul G. , Wharton Stephen B. ,   Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study
Published: October 2014

AbstractWhite matter lesions (WML) are common in brain aging and are associated with dementia. We aimed to investigate whether oxidative DNA damage and occur in WML and in apparently normal white matter in cases with lesions. Tissue from WML and control white matter from brains with lesions (controls lesional) and without lesions (controls non‐lesional) were obtained, using post‐mortem magnetic resonance imaging‐guided sampling, from the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. Oxidative damage was assessed by immunohistochemistry to 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxoguanosine (8‐OHdG) and Western blotting for malondialdehyde. DNA response was assessed by phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX), p53, senescence markers and by quantitative Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) panel for candidate DNA damage‐associated genes. 8‐OHdG was expressed in glia and endothelium, with increased expression in both WML and controls lesional compared with controls non‐lesional (P < 0.001). γH2Ax showed a similar, although attenuated difference among groups (P = 0.03). Expression of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase and p16 suggested induction of senescence mechanisms in glia. Oxidative DNA damage and a DNA damage response are features of WML pathogenesis and suggest candidate mechanisms for glial dysfunction. Their expression in apparently normal white matter in cases with WML suggests that white matter dysfunction is not restricted to lesions. The role of this field‐effect lesion pathogenesis and cognitive impairment are areas to be defined.
Early Life Status Epilepticus and Stress Have Distinct and Sex‐Specific Effects on Learning, Subsequent Seizure Outcomes, Including Anticonvulsant Response to Phenobarbital
Authors: Akman Ozlem , Moshé Solomon L. , Galanopoulou Aristea S. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryAimsNeonatal status epilepticus (SE) is often associated with adverse cognitive and epilepsy outcomes. We investigate the effects of three episodes of kainic acid‐induced SE (3KA‐SE) and maternal separation in immature rats on subsequent learning, seizure susceptibility, and consequences, and the anticonvulsant effects of phenobarbital, according to sex, type, and age at early life (EL) event.Methods3KA‐SE or maternal separation was induced on postnatal days (PN) 4–6 or 14–16. Rats were tested on Barnes maze (PN16–19), or lithium–pilocarpine SE (PN19) or flurothyl seizures (PN32). The anticonvulsant effects of phenobarbital (20 or 40 mg/kg/rat, intraperitoneally) pretreatment were tested on flurothyl seizures. FluoroJadeB staining assessed hippocampal injury.Results3KA‐SE or separation on PN4–6 caused more transient learning delays in males and did not alter lithium–pilocarpine SE latencies, but aggravated its outcomes in females. Anticonvulsant effects of phenobarbital were preserved and potentiated in specific groups depending on sex, type, and age at EL event.ConclusionsEarly life 3KA‐SE and maternal separation cause more but transient cognitive deficits in males but aggravate the consequences of subsequent lithium–pilocarpine SE in females. In contrast, on flurothyl seizures, EL events showed either beneficial or no effect, depending on gender, type, and age at EL events.
Influence of age and gender in the normal values of Sino Nasal Outcome Test–22
Authors: Gregório L.L. , Andrade J.S.C. , Caparroz F.A. , Saraceni Neto P. , Kosugi E.M. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesSino Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT)‐22 is a disease‐specific outcomes measure questionnaire that combines rhinologic issues with general health issues. These issues may have variable weight on quality of life perception, and the influence of several factors such as gender, ethnicity, age, socio‐cultural status and co‐morbidities is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of gender and age on normal values of SNOT‐22.DesignCross‐sectional study based on application of SNOT‐22 questionnaires to healthy volunteers. Participants were divided according to gender, and each gender was subdivided into age groups: 18–30 years, 31–40 years, 41–50 years, 51–60 years and over 60 years.SettingRhinology Section, Sao Paulo Federal University.ParticipantsA total of 539 healthy volunteers (253 men and 286 women) were selected, so that each age group of each gender consisted of at least 50 individuals.Main outcomes measuresWe applied SNOT‐22 questionnaire to volunteers with no nasal or sinus disease. Median of score distribution was used as normal reference.ResultsMen presented lower scores than women (7 versus 9, P = 0.005). Subjects over 60 years presented significantly lower scores than other age groups (18–30 years = 10; 31–40 years = 8; 41–50 years = 9; 51–60 years = 9; over 60 years = 7). Men presented lower scores than women especially in 41–50 year and 51–60 year groups.ConclusionMen and elderly presented the lowest Brazilian version SNOT‐22 scores. The range of 0–8 points seemed to be more suitable as a normal value for this instrument, but this cut‐off score could be tailored to age and gender specificities.
Factors affecting the fate of faecal diversion in patients with perianal Crohn's disease
Authors: Gu J. , Valente M. A. , Remzi F. H. , Stocchi L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimA study was carried out with the aim of identifying potential factors which might influence the fate of patients undergoing faecal diversion by stoma in perianal Crohn's disease.MethodPatients with severe perianal Crohn's disease undergoing faecal diversion between 1994 and 2012 were identified and the factors associated with stoma closure were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsOf 138 diverted patients, 30 (22%) achieved stoma closure, 45 (33%) had a stoma with the rectum left in situ and 63 (45%) underwent proctectomy with permanent stoma formation after a mean follow‐up of 5.7 years. Univariate analysis demonstrated that synchronous colonic (P = 0.004) or rectal (P = 0.021) disease involvement and an increased frequency of loose seton placement (P = 0.001) adversely affected successful stoma closure rates. Multivariate analysis indicated a significant association between the inability to achieve stoma closure and persisting rectal involvement (OR 7.5, 95% CI 2.4–33.4), one or two placements of a loose seton (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4–8.8) and more than two placements (OR 6.9, 95% CI 1.2–132.5). No specific medical management was associated with an improved stoma closure rate, including biological agents when these were available (P = 0.25).ConclusionThe fate of temporary faecal diversion in patients with perianal Crohn's disease is adversely affected by aggressive disease characteristics. No particular treatment, including biological therapy, was associated with an improved outcome.
Hernia incidence following single‐site vs standard laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Authors: Sangster W. , Kulaylat A. N. , Stewart D. B. , Schubart J. R. , Koltun W. A. , Messaris E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimCompared with standard laparoscopic (SDL) approaches, less is known about the incidence of hernias after single‐site laparoscopic (SSL) colorectal surgery. This study hypothesized that SSL colorectal surgery was associated with an increased risk of hernia development.MethodInstitutional retrospective chart review (September 2008–June 2013) identified 276 evaluable patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal procedures. The following data were collected: demographic data, risk factors for the development of a hernia, operative details and postoperative course including the development of a hernia. Patients were stratified by laparoscopic technique to compare the characteristics of those undergoing SDL and SSL. Patients were subsequently stratified by the presence or absence of a hernia to identify associated factors.ResultsOne hundred and nineteen patients (43.1%) underwent SDL and 157 patients (56.9%) underwent SSL surgery. The development of an incisional hernia was observed in 7.6% (9/119) of SDL patients compared with 17.0% (18/106) of SSL patients (P = 0.03) over a median 18‐month follow‐up. Similar proportions of patients developed parastomal hernias in both groups [SDL 16.7% (10/60) vs SSL 15.9% (13/80)]. Hernias were diagnosed at a median of 8.1 (SDL) and 6.5 (SSL) months following the index operation and were less likely to be incarcerated in the SSL group [SDL 38.9% (7/18) vs SSL 6.5% (2/31), P = 0.01].ConclusionSSL colorectal surgery is associated with an increase in the incidence of incisional hernias but not parastomal hernias. Site of specimen extraction in SSL may contribute to the development of an incisional hernia.
Visceral fat area is associated with a high risk for early postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease
Authors: Li Y. , Zhu W. , Gong J. , Zhang W. , Gu L. , Guo Z. , Cao L. , Shen B. , Li N. , Li J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimMesenteric hypertrophy has been recognized as an indicator of the complicated course of Crohn's disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the visceral fat area (VFA) is associated with postoperative clinical and endoscopic recurrence.MethodComputed tomography was used to measure the subcutaneous fat area and VFA, and the mesenteric fat index (MFI) was defined as the ratio of the VFA to the subcutaneous fat area. Associations between body mass index, subcutaneous fat area, VFA and MFI and postoperative clinical and endoscopic recurrence were investigated.ResultsThe factors associated with postoperative endoscopic recurrence at 6 months after surgery were a high VFA value (P = 0.019) and MFI values above the median (P = 0.008). VFA values were significantly correlated with endoscopic recurrence (r = 0.895, P = 0.040) and endoscopic lesions (r = 0.617, P < 0.0001). Additionally, MFI values correlated well with endoscopic recurrence (r = 0.918, P = 0.02) and endoscopic scores (r = 0.584, P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis indicated that VFA values above the median (hazard ratio 2.63, 95% CI 1.03–6.74) were predictive of postoperative clinical recurrence in Crohn's disease.ConclusionA high VFA value is associated with postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease and has clinical implications with respect to optimizing prophylaxis for each individual. However, further studies are needed to confirm the predictive role of this biomarker in a different data set.
Pulp necrosis of teeth retained at the mandibular fracture site and the effect of dexamethasone on its occurrence
Authors: Snäll Johanna , Kormi Eeva , Lindqvist Christian , Suominen Anna‐Liisa , Koivusalo Anna‐Maria , Törnwall Jyrki , Thorén Hanna 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe main purpose was to determine the occurrence of pulp necrosis (PN) of teeth retained at the mandibular fracture site. An additional purpose was to investigate whether perioperative use of dexamethasone increases the risk of PN.Patients and methodsA follow‐up study on 24 adult dentate patients with mandibular body, symphysis or parasymphysis fracture. These patients had been selected from a larger cohort who had participated in a randomized study of maxillofacial fractures and dexamethasone. All patients who were suspected of having a need for endodontic treatment were evaluated by an endodontist.ResultsPN was diagnosed in six patients (25.0%) in one or two teeth. Of a total of 33 teeth situated in the fracture line, six (18.2%) were diagnosed as having PN. PN was more common in teeth in which the fracture line ran through the apex (21.7%) than in those in which the fracture line was in contact with the tooth cranially to the apex (10.0%). The association between PN and dexamethasone was not significant.ConclusionPN is common after mandibular fractures, particularly when the fracture line runs through the apex of the tooth. Use of short‐term, high‐dose dexamethasone perioperatively did not significantly increase the risk for PN.
Antibiosis in wheat interacts with crowding stress to affect Metopolophium dirhodum development and susceptibility to malathion
Authors: Clayson Paul J. , Michaud J.P. , van Emden Helmut F. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe used a laboratory study to compare the performance of rose‐grain aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), on the wheat cultivars ‘Huntsman’ (susceptible) and ‘Rapier’ (partially resistant) in both low density (uncrowded) and high density (crowded) colonies and examined the consequences for aphid susceptibility to malathion. Adult apterae that developed on Rapier wheat had their mean relative growth rate (MRGR) reduced by 6 and 9% under uncrowded and crowded conditions, respectively, whereas the crowding treatment reduced MRGR by 3%, but only in Rapier aphids. Rapier resistance also reduced adult dry weight by 13 and 14% under crowded and uncrowded conditions, respectively, whereas crowding reduced it by 34 and 35% in Rapier and Huntsman aphids, respectively. Development on Rapier substantially reduced the topical LC50 of malathion by 37.8 and 34.8% under crowded and uncrowded conditions, suggesting that plant antibiosis increased malathion susceptibility. By comparison, crowding only reduced the LC50 by 29.5 and 26.0% on Huntsman and Rapier. The LD50 data showed that reductions on aphid body size on Rapier and through crowding did not fully explain the differences in LC50. This was particularly in the values for crowded aphids that were actually 80% higher than for uncrowded ones. This apparent tolerance of crowded aphids, however, may partly be due to loss of insecticide from small aphids at dosing. Evidence of synergy between plant resistance and insecticide susceptibility raises the possibility of using reduced concentrations of pesticides to control aphids on resistant crop cultivars, with diminished impacts on non‐target and beneficial species important in integrated pest management (IPM) programs.