bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional evaluation of peripheral nerve regeneration and target reinnervation in animal models: a critical overview
Authors: Navarro Xavier 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPeripheral nerve injuries usually lead to severe loss of motor, sensory and autonomic functions in the patients. Due to the complex requirements for adequate axonal regeneration, functional recovery is often poorly achieved. Experimental models are useful to investigate the mechanisms related to axonal regeneration and tissue reinnervation, and to test new therapeutic strategies to improve functional recovery. Therefore, objective and reliable evaluation methods should be applied for the assessment of regeneration and function restitution after nerve injury in animal models. This review gives an overview of the most useful methods to assess nerve regeneration, target reinnervation and recovery of complex sensory and motor functions, their values and limitations. The selection of methods has to be adequate to the main objective of the research study, either enhancement of axonal regeneration, improving regeneration and reinnervation of target organs by different types of nerve fibres, or increasing recovery of complex sensory and motor functions. It is generally recommended to use more than one functional method for each purpose, and also to perform morphological studies of the injured nerve and the reinnervated targets.
A correlation‐based method for extracting subject‐specific components and artifacts from group‐fMRI data
Authors: Pamilo Siina , Malinen Sanna , Hotta Jaakko , Seppä Mika 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe present a simple but effective correlation‐based method (maxCorr) for extracting subject‐specific components from group‐fMRI data. The method finds signal components that correlate maximally with the data set of one subject and minimally with the data sets of the other subjects. We show that such subject‐specific components are often related to movement and physiological noise (e.g. cardiac cycle, respiration). We further demonstrate that removing the most subject‐specific components for each subject reduces the overall data variance and improves the statistical identification of true fMRI activations. We compare the performance of maxCorr with CompCor, a commonly used artifact‐finding method in fMRI analysis. We show that maxCorr is less likely than CompCor to remove actual stimulus‐related activity, especially when no information about the stimulus is available. MaxCorr operates without stimulus information and is therefore well suitable for analyses of fMRI experiments employing naturalistic stimuli, such as movies, where stimulus regressors are difficult to construct, and for brain decoding techniques benefiting from reduced subject‐specific variance in each subject's data.
Morphologic and cytogenetic variables affect the flow cytometric recovery of plasma cell myeloma cells in bone marrow aspirates
Authors: Cogbill C. H. , Spears M. D. , Vantuinen P. , Harrington A. M. , Olteanu H. , Kroft S. H. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIntroductionIt is widely recognized that plasma cells (PCs) are under‐represented in flow cytometry (FC) studies, but the causes of this phenomenon are poorly understood. We sought to study potential variables that affect PC recovery by flow cytometry (FC) in the analysis of plasma cell myeloma (PCM).MethodsWe retrospectively performed PC differential counts and morphologic assessment on PCM peripheral blood (PB) smears, bone marrow (BM) aspirate smears and posterythrocyte lysis cytospins. PCs were enumerated by FC, excluding erythroid events/debris, and were defined as CD38(bright+), CD45(dim to negative) events. PC recovery was calculated as follows: cytospin/aspirate, FC/aspirate, and FC/cytospin.ResultsSixty‐four BM analyses from 42 patients showed a mean aspirate PC% of 32.9 ± 23.2%. The mean PC% decreased in both the cytospin (10.9%) and by FC (8.2%). The difference between PC% in the cytospin and by FC was statistically significant (P < 0.03). Mature PC morphology and lower aspirate PC% had poorer recovery (P < 0.05) but higher‐risk cytogenetics (deletions of 13q and TP53) was associated with increased PC recovery. Immunophenotype, heavy chain type, and treatment did not affect PC recovery. PB specimens had superior recovery compared with BM samples.ConclusionsSimilar to prior reports, the greatest loss of PC in BM evaluation occurs between the aspirate and postlysis specimens; however, a small amount occurs from further processing. Additional morphologic and cytogenetic factors also appear to influence recovery in addition to overall PC%.
Restoring normal eating behaviour in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A video analysis of nursing interventions
Authors: Beukers Laura , Berends Tamara , de Man‐van Ginkel Janneke M. , van Elburg Annemarie A. , van Meijel Berno 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn important part of inpatient treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa is to restore normal eating behaviour. Health‐care professionals play a significant role in this process, but little is known about their interventions during patients' meals. The purpose of the present study was to describe nursing interventions aimed at restoring normal eating behaviour in patients with anorexia nervosa. The main research question was: ‘Which interventions aimed at restoring normal eating behaviour do health‐care professionals in a specialist eating disorder centre use during meal times for adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa? The present study was a qualitative, descriptive study that used video recordings made during mealtimes. Thematic data analysis was applied. Four categories of interventions emerged from the data: (i) monitoring and instructing; (ii) encouraging and motivating; (iii) supporting and understanding; and (iv) educating. The data revealed a directive attitude aimed at promoting behavioural change, but always in combination with empathy and understanding. In the first stage of clinical treatment, health‐care professionals focus primarily on changing patients' eating behaviour. However, they also address the psychosocial needs that become visible in patients as they struggle to restore normal eating behaviour. The findings of the present study can be used to assist health‐care professionals, and improve multidisciplinary guidelines and health‐care professionals’ training programmes.
Economic threat undermines the satisfaction of psychological needs for competence and autonomy
Authors: Dupuis Darcy R. , Newby‐Clark Ian R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDuring times of macroeconomic instability, the prospect of personal financial deficiency becomes a pervasive concern. This research examined the psychological consequences of contemplating threatening economic futures. In two experiments, we tested whether economic threat undermined the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for competence and autonomy. In Experiment 1, Canadian university students primed with an economic threat (compared with a threat‐neutral topic) reported feeling less competent and autonomous. In Experiment 2, American adults primed with an economic threat reported less competence and autonomy compared to both those primed with (a) a noneconomic threat and (b) a threat‐neutral topic. Participants under economic threat also reported lower well‐being compared with threat‐neutral participants. This effect was mediated by self‐perceived competence and autonomy.
Hysteroscopy prior to repeat embryo transfer may improve pregnancy outcomes for asymptomatic women with repeated implantation failure
Authors: Gao Minzhi , Sun Yun , Xie Huiliang , Fang Suping , Zhao Xiaoming 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of hysteroscopy (HS) in detecting intrauterine abnormalities prior to repeat embryo transfer and improving pregnancy outcomes in asymptomatic women with repeated implantation failure (RIF).Material and MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted involving 672 asymptomatic RIF women from a Chinese university hospital. Pregnancy outcomes between the HS (subdivided into patients with and without intrauterine abnormalities) and non‐HS groups were compared.ResultsThe incidence of intrauterine abnormalities in the HS group was 37.13%. The most common abnormalities included endometrial polyps or polypoid endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia and intrauterine adhesions. Clinical pregnancy and implantation rates in the HS group were significantly higher than in the non‐HS group (41.92% vs 32.25%; 23.82% vs 18.60%, respectively). There were no significant differences in early abortion, ectopic pregnancy, late abortion and live birth rates. The clinical pregnancy and implantation rates in both HS subgroups were significantly higher when compared to the non‐HS group, whereas there were no significant differences between the subgroups.ConclusionHS improved pregnancy outcomes in women with or without intrauterine abnormalities. HS may be routinely performed before repeat embryo transfer in RIF women.
The accuracy of International Classification of Diseases coding for dental problems not associated with trauma in a hospital emergency department
Authors: Figueiredo Rafael L. F. , Singhal Sonica , Dempster Laura , Hwang Stephen W. , Quinonez Carlos 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectivesEmergency department (ED) visits for nontraumatic dental conditions (NTDCs) may be a sign of unmet need for dental care. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of the International Classification of Diseases codes (ICD‐10‐CA) for ED visits for NTDC.MethodsED visits in 2008‐2099 at one hospital in Toronto were identified if the discharge diagnosis in the administrative database system was an ICD‐10‐CA code for a NTDC (K00‐K14). A random sample of 100 visits was selected, and the medical records for these visits were reviewed by a dentist. The description of the clinical signs and symptoms were evaluated, and a diagnosis was assigned. This diagnosis was compared with the diagnosis assigned by the physician and the code assigned to the visit.ResultsThe 100 ED visits reviewed were associated with 16 different ICD‐10‐CA codes for NTDC. Only 2 percent of these visits were clearly caused by trauma. The code K0887 (toothache) was the most frequent diagnostic code (31 percent). We found 43.3 percent disagreement on the discharge diagnosis reported by the physician, and 58.0 percent disagreement on the code in the administrative database assigned by the abstractor, compared with what it was suggested by the dentist reviewing the chart.ConclusionThere are substantial discrepancies between the ICD‐10‐CA diagnosis assigned in administrative databases and the diagnosis assigned by a dentist reviewing the chart retrospectively. However, ICD‐10‐CA codes can be used to accurately identify ED visits for NTDC.
Periodontal disease, tooth loss and coronary heart disease assessed by coronary angiography: a cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Zanella S. M. , Pereira S. S. , Barbisan J. N. , Vieira L. , Saba‐Chujfi E. , Haas A. N. , Rösing C. K. 
Published: July 2015

Objective and BackgroundTo evaluate the association between periodontal disease, tooth loss and coronary heart disease (CHD). There is still controversy about the relationship between periodontal disease and tooth loss with vessel obstruction assessed using coronary angiography.Material and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 195 patients that underwent coronary angiography and presented with at least six teeth. Patients were classified into three categories of coronary obstruction severity: absence; one or more vessels with ≤ 50% obstruction; and one or more vessels with ≥ 50% obstruction. The extent of coronary obstruction was dichotomized into 0 and ≥ 1 affected vessels. A periodontist blinded to patient CHD status conducted a full mouth examination to determine mean clinical attachment loss, mean periodontal probing depth and tooth loss. Multiple logistic regression models were applied adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, smoking, body mass index, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and C‐reactive protein.ResultsMost patients were males (62.1%) older than 60 years (50.8%), and 61% of them had CHD. Mean periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment loss and tooth loss were 2.64 ± 0.72 mm, 4.40 ± 1.31 mm and 12.50 ± 6.98 teeth respectively. In the multivariable models, tooth loss was significantly associated with a higher chance of having at least one obstructed vessel (odds ratio = 1.04; 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.09) and with vessel obstruction ≥ 50% (odds ratio = 1.06; 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.11). No significant associations were found between periodontal variables and vessel obstruction.ConclusionTooth loss was found to be a risk indicator for CHD.
Geographically contrasting biodiversity reductions in a widespread New Zealand seabird
Authors: Rawlence Nicolas J. , Kennedy Martyn , Anderson Christian N. K. , Prost Stefan , Till Charlotte E. , Smith Ian W. G. , Scofield R. Paul , Tennyson Alan J. D. , Hamel Jill , Lalas Chris , Matisoo‐Smith Elizabeth A. , Waters Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUnravelling prehistoric anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity represents a key challenge for biologists and archaeologists. New Zealand's endemic Stewart Island Shag (Leucocarbo chalconotus) comprises two distinct phylogeographic lineages, currently restricted to the country's south and southeast. However, fossil and archaeological remains suggest a far more widespread distribution at the time of Polynesian settlement ca. 1280 AD, encompassing much of coastal South Island. We used modern and ancient DNA, radiocarbon dating, and Bayesian modelling, to assess the impacts of human arrival on this taxon. Our analyses show that the southeast South Island (Otago) lineage was formerly widespread across coastal South Island, but experienced dramatic population extinctions, range retraction and lineage loss soon after human arrival. By comparison, the southernmost (Foveaux Strait) lineage has experienced a relatively stable demographic and biogeographic history since human arrival, retaining much of its mitochondrial diversity. Archaeological data suggest that these contrasting demographic histories (retraction vs. stability) reflect differential human impacts in mainland South Island vs. Foveaux Strait, highlighting the importance of testing for temporal and spatial variation in human‐driven faunal declines.
Underwater acoustic behavior of bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) in the northeastern Chukchi Sea, 2007–2010
Authors: Frouin‐Mouy Heloise , Mouy Xavier , Martin Bruce , Hannay David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) calls were recorded using autonomous passive acoustic recorders deployed in the northeastern Chukchi Sea between October 2007 and October 2010. Continuous acoustic data were acquired during summer (August to mid‐October), and overwinter data (mid‐October through July) were acquired on a duty cycle of 40/48 min every 4 h. We investigated the spatio‐temporal distribution and acoustic behavior of vocalizing bearded seals in this multiyear data set. Peaks in calling occurred in spring, coinciding with the mating period, and calls stopped abruptly in late June/early July. Fewer calls were detected in summer, and the vocal presence of seals increased with the formation of pack ice in winter. Vocal activity was higher at night than during the day, with a peak around 0400 (AKST). Monthly patterns in proportional use of each call type and call duration were examined for the first time. The proportion and duration ofAL1(T) andAL2(T) call types increased during the mating period, suggesting that males advertise their breeding condition by producing those specific longer trills. The observed seasonal and diel trends were consistent between years. These results improve our understanding of occurrence and acoustic behavior of bearded seals across the northeastern Chukchi Sea.
Problems in Functioning in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Admitted for Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation
Authors: Meesters Jorit J. , Volker Gerard , Koele Robin , van Gestel Marc C. , Smeets Rob J. , Vliet Vlieland Thea P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the extent to which improvements in various problem areas are attained after multidisciplinary rehabilitation program in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP).AimTo describe the pre‐ and postcontents of problems in functioning from the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) in terms of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in CMP patients following a 15‐week rehabilitation program.MethodsIn all patients admitted to a rehabilitation program, the COPM was administered at admission and discharge. The problems identified at admission were linked to ICF chapters using an established linking procedure. Changes of COPM Performance/Satisfaction scores (1–10; low–high) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and effect sizes (ESs) were computed.ResultsIn total, 165 patients were included with a mean age of 44.1 (SD 12.9) years; among them, 143 (87%) were women. At admission, totally 801 problems were identified and linked to 706 unique ICF categories: 83 (12%) were related to the ICF component “Body Functions” and 621 (88%) to “Activities and Participation”. ICF chapters “d4 Mobility” (124, 18%) and “d9 Community social and civic life” (143, 20%) were most frequently identified. The median changes of the COPM total scores for Performance and Satisfaction were 2.1 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.3, ES: 1.75) and 3.2 (95% CI 2.9 to 3.4, ES: 2.38).ConclusionA 15‐week multidisciplinary treatment program showed that most problems were seen within chapters Mobility and Community life of the ICF. The program led to significant improvements of patient reported problems, the magnitude of which was similar for all different problem areas.
Antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonising the nasopharynx of HIV‐exposed Tanzanian infants
Authors: Bles P. , de Mast Q. , van der Gaast‐de Jongh C. E. , Kinabo G. D. , Kibiki G. , van de Ven A. , de Jonge M. I. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo determine antibiotic susceptibility of colonising pneumococcal serotypes in HIV‐exposed infants before the introduction of the 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), because HIV‐exposed infants are at increased risk of invasive pneumococcal infections.MethodsAntibiotic susceptibility of 104 pneumococcal isolates, cultured from the nasopharynx from Tanzanian HIV‐exposed infants, was determined using the disc diffusion method and the E‐test according to EUCAST version 4.0 (2014) criteria.ResultsA total of 69.2% of isolates were intermediately susceptible for benzyl penicillin (MIC 0.06–2 mg/l ); no high‐level resistance was found. All isolates but one were susceptible to ampicillin. Regarding non‐beta‐lactam antibiotics, 19.2% of isolates were resistant to doxycycline, 3.8% to erythromycin and 97.1% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. A total of 15.4% of isolates were resistant to three antibiotic classes or more. There were no differences in antibiotic susceptibility between vaccine and non‐vaccine serotypes. Reduced susceptibility of colonising pneumococcal isolates for commonly used antibiotics is common in HIV‐exposed Tanzanian infants.ConclusionsHigh‐dose penicillin and ampicillin remain appropriate first choices for non‐meningeal pneumococcal infections in this group.
Quality of life in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Filbay S R , Culvenor A G , Ackerman I N , Russell T G , Crossley K M 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundPhysical and psychological impairments impacting quality of life (QOL) are common following ACL reconstruction. Rehabilitation alone is an effective alternative to reconstruction for some patients, warranting the investigation of QOL in ACL-deficient individuals.PurposeTo report and compare QOL in ACL-deficient individuals with population norms and ACL-reconstructed groups, and investigate relationships between participant characteristics and QOL.Study designSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe systematically identified and methodologically appraised all studies reporting QOL in ACL-deficient individuals ≥5 years following ACL rupture. Knee-related and health-related QOL scores in ACL-deficient cohorts were compared to ACL-reconstructed groups using a random-effects meta-analysis. Descriptive comparisons were made with population norms.ResultsEleven studies reported QOL in 473 ACL-deficient individuals, a mean of 10 (range 5–23) years following ACL rupture. Eight studies reported knee-related QOL using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score QOL subscale (KOOS-QOL); scores (mean±SD) ranging from 54±17 to 77±22 were impaired compared to population norms. Health-related QOL, measured with the SF-36 domain scores in five studies, was similar to population norms, but impaired compared to physically active populations. Meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in KOOS-QOL (mean difference (95% CI) 2.9 (−3.3 to 9.1)) and SF-36 scores (for all SF-36 domains except Vitality) between ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructed groups.ConclusionsThis systematic review found impaired knee-related QOL in ACL-deficient individuals ≥5 years after ACL rupture, compared to population norms. Meta-analysis revealed similar knee-related QOL in ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructed groups, and no difference in health-related QOL scores for seven of the eight SF-36 domains.
Proposal for an annual skin examination by a general practitioner for patients at high risk for melanoma: a French cohort study
Authors: Rat Cédric , Grimault Charlotte , Quereux Gaelle , Dagorne Maelenn , Gaultier Aurélie , Khammari Amir , Dreno Brigitte , Nguyen Jean-Michel 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of a targeted screening for melanoma in high-risk patients following the receipt of a mailed invitation to an annual skin examination by a general practitioner (GP).MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in a primary care setting in western France. A total of 3897 patients at elevated risk of melanoma (identified using the Self-Assessment of Melanoma Risk Score) consented to participate in a targeted melanoma screening project in 2011. One year later, the participants were invited by mail to consult their GP for an annual skin examination. Efficacy of the procedure was evaluated according to patient participation and the number of melanomas detected. The consultation dates and results were collected during the 12 months postreminder and were analysed using SAS. Analyses of whether participation decreased compared with that during the year of inclusion and whether populations at risk for thick melanoma showed reduced participation in the screening were performed.ResultsOf the 3745 patients who received the mailed invitation, 61% underwent a skin examination. The participation of patients at risk for thick melanoma (any patient over 60 years of age and men over 50 years of age) was significantly greater than that of the patients in the other subgroups (72.4% vs 49.6%, p<0.001; and 66% vs 52.4%, p<0.001, respectively). The patients referred to the dermatologist after 1 year were more compliant compared with those referred during the first year (68.8% vs 59.1%, p=0.003). Six melanomas were detected within 1 year postreminder; therefore, the incidence of melanoma in the study population was 160/100 000.ConclusionsThis study confirms the benefits of developing a targeted screening strategy in primary care. In particular, after the annual reminder, patient participation and the diagnosis of melanoma remained high in the patients at elevated risk of thick melanomas.Trial registration numberNCT01610531.