bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of medical reasons for non-participation in the Scottish breast and bowel cancer screening programmes
Authors: Mead L , Porteous L , Tait M , Stoker R , Payne S , Calvert C , Maxwell D , Katikireddi SV 
Published: March 2015

Objective Increasing uptake of cancer screening is a priority for health systems internationally, however, some patients may not attend because they are undergoing active treatment for the cancer of interest or have other medical reasons that mean participation would be inappropriate. This study aims to quantify the proportion of non-participants who have a medical reason for not attending cancer screening. Methods Medical reasons for not participating in breast and bowel screening were defined a priori on the basis of a literature review and expert opinion. The notes of 700 patients at two GP practices in Scotland were reviewed, to ascertain the prevalence of medical reasons amongst non-participants. Simple proportions and confidence intervals were calculated. Results 17.4% of breast and 2.3% of bowel screening non-participants had a medical reason to not participate. The two most common reasons were previous breast cancer follow up (8.86%) and recent mammogram (6.57%). Conclusion These patients may not benefit from screening while also being distressed by receiving an invitation. This issue also makes accurate monitoring and target-setting for improving uptake difficult. Further work is needed to estimate robustly the extent to which medical reasons account for screening non-participation in a larger population.
Acceptability and Feasibility of a Meaning-Based Intervention for Patients With Advanced Cancer and Their Spouses
Authors: Wagner Christina D. , Johns Shelley , Brown Linda F. , Hanna Nasser , Bigatti Silvia M. 
Published: March 2015

Background: Constructing meaning in cancer leads to improved psychosocial outcomes for patients and survivors. Aim: We tested the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a meaning-based intervention for couples. Design: The single-arm pilot study tested a 4-session, tailored, activities-based couple’s intervention. Setting/Participants: Twelve adults with incurable cancer and their partners participated either in a university office or at the couple’s home. Results: The study showed good feasibility. One of the two patients depressed at baseline was no longer depressed at postintervention. Patients’ threat appraisals decreased and transcendence increased. In partners, depression, anxiety, and challenge appraisal decreased; threat and secondary appraisals and peace with illness increased. Conclusions: Our findings suggest feasibility and efficacy, and further research and continued evaluation of this intervention are warranted.
Development and Validation of a Clinical Scale for the Evaluation of Forearm Skin Photoaging
Authors: Guimarães C.O.Z. , Bagatin E. , Guadanhim L.R.S. , Sternberg F. , Picosse F.R. , Nunes G. , Milanez C. , Miot H.A. 
Published: March 2015

Background: Despite the focus on facial photoaging ratings, there are few classifications developed for forearm skin aging assessment. Objective: To develop and validate a clinical scale for the evaluation of forearm skin aging. Methods: Three clinical dermatology faculty members selected, discussed, and appraised the main signs of forearm photoaging. The validation of the resulting scale was performed by 5 assessors who were previously trained to classify 102 photographs of forearms with different degrees of aging. Retests were performed in 15 days. Results: There was significant correlation between the selected variables and the subjective global aging scale. The developed scale showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.87) and high correlation with the global photoaging scale (rho = 0.92). Inter- and intraobserver final scores showed high agreement. Conclusion: A validated clinical photoaging scale for forearms with internal consistency, reliability, and validity was developed.
Blistering Distal Dactylitis in an Adult
Authors: Kollipara Ramya , Downing Christopher , Lee Michael , Guidry Jacqueline , Robare-Stout Samantha , Tyring Stephen 
Published: March 2015

Background: Blistering distal dactylitis is a localised infection of the anterior pad of the distal phalanx of the digits. It most commonly affects children and uncommonly adults with a history of immunosuppression or trauma. Objective: A case of blistering distal dactylitis in a 32-year-old male is reported. The patient was not immunocompromised and did not report trauma. Conclusion: Blistering distal dactylitis may rarely present in adults (including those who are not immunocompromised or reporting trauma) and thus should be in the differential diagnosis for an adult presenting with bullae at the fingertips. The differential diagnosis for this presentation also includes herpetic whitlow, epidermolysis bullosa, bullous impetigo, and friction blisters.
Contact Cryoprobe Sterilization Practices
Authors: Gavigan Geneviève , McEvoy Alana , Beecker Jennifer 
Published: March 2015

Background: Cryotherapy is a commonly employed treatment modality in dermatology. There is literature to suggest that sterilization of the contact cryotherapy probe is needed for proper decontamination. Objective: To determine the status on the usage and sterilization methods employed by dermatology staff and residents affiliated with an academic training centre in Ontario, Canada, with the overall goal of improving patient safety. Methods: An anonymous qualitative survey was conducted and analyzed. Results: The survey had a response rate of 71% (n = 34 of 48); 11 of 34 physicians reported using contact cryoprobes in their practice to treat viral infections, benign tumours, and malignant tumours. Out of the 11 using contact cryoprobes, 3 (27%) employed any type of cleaning method between patients. Conclusions: Current use of contact cryotherapy probes could be improved for safety considerations. Patient safety may be enhanced by the incorporation of routine autoclaving or other recommended decontamination methods of contact cryotherapy probes between patients.
Quality of Life of Patients With Pyoderma Gangrenosum and Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Gerard Arielle J. , Feldman Steven R. , Strowd Lindsay 
Published: March 2015

Background: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are painful and unsightly dermatologic disorders that have the potential to significantly decrease patients’ quality of life (QOL). Due to the difficulties associated with curing these conditions, QOL improvement is imperative. Objective: To determine if there are PG and HS disease-specific QOL measures and to assess whether QOL is being systematically studied in clinic populations or clinical trials. Methods: A PubMed search was performed to identify QOL studies for patients with PG and HS. Sources from other papers were also utilized. Results: QOL is rarely qualitatively or quantitatively assessed in HS and PG studies. We identified no validated disease-specific QOL measures for either PG or HS. Conclusion: Development of disease-specific QOL indices, clinical use of QOL measurement tool, and formal QOL evaluation in clinical trials would help to define the impact of PG and HS treatment in patients’ lives.
Systemic Sarcoidosis Revealed by Axillary Electrolysis
Authors: Morand Meggie , Beauregard Solange , Mathieu Steve 
Published: March 2015

Background: Sarcoidosis is a noncaseating granulomatous disease that affects a large variety of organs and tissues. Skin sarcoidosis is commonly found in scar and tattooed tissues. Objective: To report this particular case of sarcoidosis following electrolysis hair removal. Method: We report the case of a woman who developed sarcoidosis years after axillary electrolysis hair removal. Results: The diagnosis of cutaneous sarcoidosis was suggested by the clinical manifestations and confirmed by histopathologic findings. Conclusion: Sarcoidosis should be considered during the investigation of skin lesions occurring in scar or traumatized tissue.
Rates of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolus After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Saltzman Bryan M. , Campbell Kirk A. , Fillingham Yale A. , Harris Joshua D. , Gupta Anil K. , Bach Bernard R. 
Published: March 2015

Context: Venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease is thought to be an uncommon but serious problem after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Rates of VTE after ACL reconstruction are not well documented. Objective: To determine the rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and symptomatic pulmonary emboli (PE) after ACL reconstruction. Data Sources: Five publicly available databases (PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL Complete) were utilized. Study Selection: All studies that screened patients for DVT and reported rates of DVT and PE after ACL reconstruction were eligible for inclusion. Level 5 evidence, cadaver, biomechanical, and basic science studies; studies reporting only multiligament reconstruction outcomes; studies where rates of DVT and PE could not be separated out from patients undergoing other types of arthroscopic knee procedures; and classification studies were excluded. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: All study, subject, and surgical data were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria, with a mean Modified Colman Methodology Score of 30 ± 8.22. A total of 692 patients (488 men [70.5%]; mean age, 31.6 ± 2.82 years; mean follow-up, 7 ± 18.4 months) underwent ACL reconstruction using either semitendinosus-gracilis autograft (77.6%), bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) autograft (22%), or allograft (0.4%). No patient received postoperative pharmacological anticoagulation. Fifty-eight patients (8.4%) had a DVT (81% below knee and 19% above knee), while only 1 patient (0.2%) had a symptomatic PE. When reported, 27% of DVT episodes were symptomatic. Conclusion: The rate of DVT after ACL reconstruction in patients who did not receive postoperative pharmacological anticoagulation is 8.4%, while the rate of symptomatic PE is 0.2%. Of the DVT episodes that occurred, 73% were asymptomatic.
Effects of earplugs and eye masks combined with relaxing music on sleep, melatonin and cortisol levels in ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hu Rong-Fang , Jiang Xiao-Ying , Hegadoren Kathleen M , Zhang You-Hua 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Intensive care unit (ICU) environmental factors such as noise and light have been cited as important causes of sleep deprivation in critically ill patients. Previous studies indicated that using earplugs and eye masks can improve REM sleep in healthy subjects in simulated ICU environment, and improve sleep quality in ICU patients. This study aimed to determine the effects of using earplugs and eye masks with relaxing background music on sleep, melatonin and cortisol levels in ICU patients.

Methods
Fifty patients who underwent a scheduled cardiac surgery and were expected to stay at least 2 nights in Cardiac Surgical ICU (CSICU) were included. They were randomized to sleep with or without earplugs and eye masks combined with 30-minute relaxing music during the postoperative nights in CSICU. Urine was analyzed for nocturnal melatonin and cortisol levels. Subjective sleep quality was evaluated using the Chinese version of Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (a visual analog scale, ranging 0–100).

Results
Data from 45 patients (20 in intervention group, 25 in control group) were analyzed. Significant differences were found between groups in depth of sleep, falling asleep, awakenings, falling asleep again after awakening and overall sleep quality (P < 0.05). Perceived sleep quality was better in the intervention group. No group differences were found in urinary melatonin levels and cortisol levels for the night before surgery, and the first and second nights post-surgery (P > 0.05). The urinary melatonin levels of the first and second postoperative nights were significantly lower than those of the night before surgery (P = 0.01). The opposite pattern was seen with urinary cortisol levels (P = 0.00).

Conclusion
This combination of non-pharmacological interventions is useful for promoting sleep in ICU adult patients; however, any influence on nocturnal melatonin levels and cortisol level may have been masked by several factors such as the timing of surgery, medication use and individual differences. Larger scale studies would be needed to examine the potential influences of these factors on biological markers and intervention efficacy on sleep.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-IOR-14005511. Registered 21 November 2014.
Integrative epigenomic analysis of differential DNA methylation in urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Aine Mattias , Sjödahl Gottfrid , Eriksson Pontus , Veerla Srinivas , Lindgren David , Ringnér Markus , Höglund Mattias 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Background
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UC) is a common malignancy. Although extensive transcriptome analysis has provided insights into the gene expression patterns of this tumor type, the mechanistic underpinnings of differential methylation remain poorly understood. Multi-level genomic data may be used to profile the regulatory potential and landscape of differential methylation in cancer and gain understanding of the processes underlying epigenetic and phenotypic characteristics of tumors.

Methods
We perform genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of 98 gene-expression subtyped tumors to identify between-tumor differentially methylated regions (DMRs). We integrate multi-level publically available genomic data generated by the ENCODE consortium to characterize the regulatory potential of UC DMRs.

Results
We identify 5,453 between-tumor DMRs and derive four DNA methylation subgroups of UC with distinct associations to clinicopathological features and gene expression subtypes. We characterize three distinct patterns of differential methylation and use ENCODE data to show that tumor subgroup-defining DMRs display differential chromatin state, and regulatory factor binding preferences. Finally, we characterize an epigenetic switch involving the HOXA-genes with associations to tumor differentiation states and patient prognosis.

Conclusions
Genome-wide DMR methylation patterns are reflected in the gene expression subtypes of UC. UC DMRs display three distinct methylation patterns, each associated with intrinsic features of the genome and differential regulatory factor binding preferences. Epigenetic inactivation of HOX-genes correlates with tumor differentiation states and may present an actionable epigenetic alteration in UC.
Nanocrystalline cerium dioxide efficacy for gastrointestinal motility: potential for prokinetic treatment and prevention in elderly
Authors: Yefimenko Olena Yu , Savchenko Yuliya O , Falalyeyeva Tetyana M , Beregova Tetyana V , Zholobak Nadiya M , Spivak Mykola Ya , Shcherbakov Oleksandr B , Bubnov Rostyslav V 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundConstipation is a common condition, with prevalence after 65 years, is a major colorectal cancer risk factor. Recent works have demonstrated advances in personalized, preventive nanomedicine, leading to the construction of new materials and nanodrugs, in particular, nanocrystalline cerium dioxide (NCD), having strong antioxidative prebiotic effect.The aim of our studywas to investigate the influence of NCD on motor function of the stomach and colonin vivoand contractive activity of smooth muscles in different year-old rats.MethodsWe included 80 rats: 3- (weight 130–160 g,n = 40) and 24-month old (weight 390–450 g,n = 40), divided into four groups as follows: І—control group; rats of II–ІV groups were injected intragastrically one injection per day during 10 days, 3 ml of water 3 ml/kg stabilizing solution, аnd 1 mmol/ml NCD, respectively. In all animals, we recorded spontaneous and carbachol-stimulated (0.01 mg/kg) gastrointestinal tract motor activity. We used the index of motor activity (IMA), expressed in cmH2O, for characterization of the motor function. We investigated smooth muscle contraction by tenzometric method, studied the spontaneous and stimulated motility by ballonographic method.ResultsIMA reduced by 21.1 + 0.2% (p < 0.01) in the old rats of the control group compared with the young rats. A 10-day administration of NCD increased IMA in the stomach of young rats by 9.3% (р < 0.001) vs the control group. The exposure of NCD increased the amplitude of contraction to 34.2 ± 5.4 mN (n = 10) in the stomach of old rats and increased by 32.1 ± 2.4% vs the control group (p < 0.05). NCD did not influence acetylcholine (ACh) contractions in the stomach of young rats; however, in the stomach of old rats,Vnrincreased by 90 ± 15.2% (р < 0.001).ConclusionsThe index of motor activity is decreased in old rats. Nanocrystalline cerium dioxide increased the index of motor activity in all groups of rats and also evoked a significant increase of colon contractions in old rats.
Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 promotes liver regeneration in mice with acute liver injury
Authors: Wang Sihyung , Lee Ji-Seon , Hyun Jeongeun , Kim Jieun , Kim Seung U , Cha Hyuk-Jin , Jung Youngmi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TSG-6), one of the cytokines released by human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSC), has an anti-inflammatory effect and alleviates several pathological conditions; however, the hepatoprotective potential of TSG-6 remains unclear. We investigated whether TSG-6 promoted liver regeneration in acute liver failure.

Methods
The immortalized hMSC (B10) constitutively over-expressing TSG-6 or empty plasmid (NC: Negative Control) were established, and either TSG-6 or NC-conditioned medium (CM) was intraperitoneally injected into mice with acute liver damage caused by CCl4. Mice were sacrificed at 3 days post-CM treatment.

Results
Higher expression and the immunosuppressive activity of TSG-6 were observed in CM from TSG-6-hMSC. The obvious histomorphological liver injury and increased level of liver enzymes were shown in CCl4-treated mice with or without NC-CM, whereas those observations were markedly ameliorated in TSG-6-CM-treated mice with CCl4. Ki67-positive hepatocytic cells were accumulated in the liver of the CCl4 + TSG-6 group. RNA analysis showed the decrease in both of inflammation markers, tnfα, il-1β, cxcl1 and cxcl2, and fibrotic markers, tgf-β1, α-sma and collagen α1, in the CCl4 + TSG-6 group, compared to the CCl4 or the CCl4 + NC group. Protein analysis confirmed the lower expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in the CCl4 + TSG-6 than the CCl4 or the CCl4 + NC group. Immunostaining for α-SMA also revealed the accumulation of the activated hepatic stellate cells in the livers of mice in the CCl4 and CCl4 + NC groups, but not in the livers of mice from the CCl4 + TSG-6 group. The cultured LX2 cells, human hepatic stellate cell line, in TSG-6-CM showed the reduced expression of fibrotic markers, tgf-β1, vimentin and collagen α1, whereas the addition of the TSG-6 antibody neutralized the inhibitory effect of TSG-6 on the activation of LX2 cells. In addition, cytoplasmic lipid drops, the marker of inactivated hepatic stellate cell, were detected in TSG-6-CM-cultured LX2 cells, only. The suppressed TSG-6 activity by TSG-6 antibody attenuated the restoration process in livers of TSG-6-CM-treated mice with CCl4.

Conclusions
These results demonstrated that TSG-6 contributed to the liver regeneration by suppressing the activation of hepatic stellate cells in CCl4-treated mice, suggesting the therapeutic potential of TSG-6 for acute liver failure.
Induction, expression and characterisation of laccase genes from the marine-derived fungal strains Nigrospora sp. CBMAI 1328 and Arthopyrenia sp. CBMAI 1330
Authors: Passarini Michel Rodrigo Zambrano , Ottoni Cristiane Angelica , Santos Cledir , Lima Nelson , Sette Lara Durães 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The capability of the fungi Nigrospora sp. CBMAI 1328 and Arthopyrenia sp. CBMAI 1330 isolated from marine sponge to synthesise laccases (Lcc) in the presence of the inducer copper (1–10 μM) was assessed. In a liquid culture medium supplemented with 5 μM of copper sulphate after 5 days of incubation, Nigrospora sp. presented the highest Lcc activity (25.2 U·L−1). The effect of copper on Lcc gene expression was evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Nigrospora sp. showed the highest gene expression of Lcc under the same conditions of Lcc synthesis. The highest Lcc expression by the Arthopyrenia sp. was detected at 96 h of incubation in absence of copper. Molecular approaches allowed the detection of Lcc isozymes and suggest the presence of at least two undescribed putative genes. Additionally, Lcc sequences from the both fungal strains clustered with other Lcc sequences from other fungi that inhabit marine environments.
Neurodegeneration severity can be predicted from early microglia alterations monitoredin vivoin a mouse model of chronic glaucoma
Authors: Bosco Alejandra , Romero Cesar O. , Breen Kevin T. , Chagovetz Alexis A. , Steele Michael R. , Ambati Balamurali K. , Vetter Monica L. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTMicroglia serve key homeostatic roles, and respond to neuronal perturbation and decline with a high spatiotemporal resolution. The course of all chronic CNS pathologies is thus paralleled by local microgliosis and microglia activation, which begin at early stages of the disease. However, the possibility of using live monitoring of microglia during early disease progression to predict the severity of neurodegeneration has not been explored. Because the retina allows live tracking of fluorescent microglia in their intact niche, here we investigated their early changes in relation to later optic nerve neurodegeneration. To achieve this, we used the DBA/2J mouse model of inherited glaucoma, which develops progressive retinal ganglion cell degeneration of variable severity during aging, and represents a useful model to study pathogenic mechanisms of retinal ganglion cell decline that are similar to those in human glaucoma. We imaged CX3CR1+/GFP microglial cells in vivo at ages ranging from 1 to 5 months by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) and quantified cell density and morphological activation. We detected early microgliosis at the optic nerve head (ONH), where axonopathy first manifests, and could track attenuation of this microgliosis induced by minocycline. We also observed heterogeneous and dynamic patterns of early microglia activation in the retina. When the same animals were aged and analyzed for the severity of optic nerve pathology at 10 months of age, we found a strong correlation with the levels of ONH microgliosis at 3 to 4 months. Our findings indicate that live imaging and monitoring the time course and levels of early retinal microgliosis and microglia activation in glaucoma could serve as indicators of future neurodegeneration severity.
Mass-Resolved Velocity Map Imaging of Doubly Charged Photofragments from C60
Authors: Katayanagi Hideki , Mitsuke Koichiro 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Mass-resolved velocity map images have been measured for C60−2n2+ and C60−2n3+ (n ≥ 1) produced by photoionization of C60 with synchrotron radiation. A four-element electrostatic compound lens system was substituted for a conventional three-element system. This produced excellent time resolution, i.e., good mass-to-charge resolution, and negligible overlap between neighboring cluster ions. The translational temperatures for the C60−2n2+ ions were estimated from their velocity map images by assuming the Maxwell–Boltzmann distributions. Moreover, the improved resolution allowed observing a two-dimensional (2D) projection of three-dimensional velocity distribution of each fragment. The 2D projection of C582+ results from convolution of a narrow velocity distribution of the C60 molecular beam and a nascent isotropic profile of photodissociated C582+.