bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovation et respect environnemental sont-ils compatibles ? Le cas du secteur des TIC
Authors: Liénart Sophie , Castiaux Annick 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Au confluent de deux besoins stratégiques rencontrés par tous les secteurs, à savoir la nécessité d’innover et le respect de l’environnement, le secteur des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) a développé depuis quelques années de nouvelles compétences et de nouvelles opportunités d’affaires. En effet, les entreprises ont pris conscience que la pérennité de leur position concurrentielle dépend entre autres de leur capacité à innover tout en répondant dès maintenant aux défis environnementaux du développement durable. Dans cet article, nous développons le rôle clé joué par le secteur TIC dans ce contexte. Nous étudions la stratégie Green IT poursuivie par de nombreux acteurs de ce secteur. Nous en donnons une typologie détaillée et illustrée et mettons en évidence que ces innovations à vocation environnementale contribuent à la croissance économique des entreprises bénéficiaires, mais également au positionnement stratégique du secteur TIC. JEL : M10, M15, L86, 032
Des méthodes archaïques pour des industries modernes
Authors: Canel-Depitre Béatrice 
Published: December 2012

L’expérimentation animale, qui autorise le lancement sur le marché des produits chimiques et pharmaceutiques, est remise en cause par des scientifiques, des médecins, des philosophes, des ex-vivisecteurs et même des industriels qui réclament la généralisation des méthodes in vitro. Partant de ce constat, notre objet de recherche est de découvrir si la discrétion du marketing « grand public » de l’industrie de l’expérimentation animale n’est pas due à sa difficile justification. Pour ce faire, nous adopterons une démarche exploratoire qui va nous conduire à nous pencher sur la place du marketing face à la responsabilité de l’entreprise en matière de santé humaine pour ensuite nous attacher aux raisons profondes d’une pratique qui est scientifiquement contestée. Le principal résultat de notre travail est de faire ressortir les nombreux et divers intérêts en jeu : les profits des sociétés géantes de l’agrobusiness, des pourvoyeurs d’animaux de laboratoire et des fournisseurs d’équipements spécialisés (cages, appareils de contention...) et les publications de chercheurs qui dépendent des subventions de l’expérimentation animale. En conclusion, on peut se demander ce qu’il en est réellement de l’intérêt de l’homme et se poser la question de la viabilité, à terme, de l’expérimentation animale ignorant toute démarche marketing institutionnelle.
Effet de la gouvernance d&#8217;entreprise sur l&#8217;investissement en R&amp;D
Authors: Sellami Mezghanni Basma 
Published: December 2012

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser l’impact de la structure de propriété et du conseil d’administration sur l’investissement en recherche et développement (R&D). L’étude menée sur un échantillon d’entreprises françaises montre qu’il existe une relation curvilinéaire entre la concentration de propriété et les dépenses de R&D. Ces dépenses augmentent puis diminuent à mesure que la part de propriété du premier actionnaire augmente. De même la relation entre la propriété managériale et les dépenses de R&D est non-monotone : négative dans un premier temps, puis positive avec l’accroissement de la part de propriété des dirigeants. Les résultats prouvent l’effet positif et significatif de l’indépendance des administrateurs et de la présence d’un comité stratégique au sein du conseil sur la stratégie d’investissement en R&D. Néanmoins, la propriété institutionnelle, la taille du conseil et la dualité des rôles de directeur général et de président de conseil n’ont pas d’effet significatif sur cette stratégie. Mots-clés : R&D, Gouvernance d’entreprise, Structure de propriété, Conseil d’administration.
Responsabilité sociale et profit
Authors: Laperche Blandine , Uzunidis Dimitri 
Published: December 2012

La responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE) peut-elle devenir un objectif de l’entreprise ? Comment expliquer son succès actuel ? Les objectifs, autres que celui de la maximisation du profit, acceptés par les théoriciens de l’entreprise comme organisation complexe, sont toujours internes à l’entreprise. À cet égard, la responsabilité sociale apparaît comme un objectif « nouveau ». La RSE devient une des règles du jeu économique à l’intérieur duquel évoluent les entreprises, grandes et petites. Expliquer le succès actuel de la RSE nécessite une vision renouvelée de l’entreprise, plus sociologique et politique. L’entreprise est responsable d’un nombre de plus en plus grand de fonctions sociales tout en étant mue par un impératif de rentabilité à court terme qui s’explique par la mondialisation du contexte concurrentiel. Mots-clés : Responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise, profit, concurrence, organisation.
Développement durable en petites entreprises
Authors: Paradas Agnès 
Published: December 2012

Le développement durable connaît un succès croissant. Toutefois, alors que les petites entreprises représentent une importante force de changement, elles paraissent relativement peu concernées par cette évolution. Le dirigeant étant au centre de ces petites structures, il semble alors essentiel de le considérer comme un acteur incontournable du changement dans son entreprise. Dans cet esprit, l’article propose un référentiel dynamique d’observation, destiné à la compréhension de l’engagement des dirigeants dans le développement durable dans leur environnement interne et externe. Mots-clés : Développement durable, dirigeant, petite entreprise
L'intégration du développement durable dans le financement bancaire aux entreprises
Authors: Maymo Vincent , Pallas-saltiel Valérie 
Published: December 2012

Cet article étudie les stratégies d’intégration du développement durable (et notamment de la dimension environnementale) dans les pratiques bancaires de financement des entreprises. Au-delà d’une étude des motivations, il propose, en croisant la littérature en management environnemental avec les théories institutionnelles, une grille de lecture des processus d’institutionnalisation des principes de développement durable. Mots-clés : banque, responsabilité sociale des entreprises, développement durable, théorie institutionnelle.
Determinants of Change in Stroke-Specific Quality of Life After Distributed Constraint-Induced Therapy
Authors: Huang Yan-Hua , Wu Ching-Yi , Lin Keh-Chung , Hsieh Yu-Wei , Snow Wilaiwan M. , Wang Tien-Ni 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOBJECTIVE. We identified the predictive factors of change in quality of life (QOL) after a distributed form of constraint-induced therapy (dCIT) among stroke survivors.METHOD. Seventy-four participants were treated with dCIT. We identified eight potential determinants of change: age, gender, side of lesion, time since stroke, cognitive status, motor impairment of the upper extremity, activities of daily living (ADLs), and instrumental ADLs (IADLs). The Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS–QOL) was used to assess QOL.RESULTS. Right-sided lesion and onset &gt;17 mo earlier determined greater improvement in the SS–QOL Energy domain. Onset &gt;10 mo earlier, poorer IADL performance, and age &gt;68 yr predicted improvement in the Family Role, Mobility, and Mood domains, respectively.CONCLUSION. Side of lesion, time since stroke, IADL performance, and age were the most important determinants of QOL in patients receiving stroke motor rehabilitation.
Safe-Patient-Handling Equipment in Therapy Practice: Implications for Rehabilitation
Authors: Darragh Amy R. , Campo Marc A. , Frost Lenore , Miller Melissa , Pentico Marissa , Margulis Heather 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To determine how safe-patient-handling (SPH) equipment is used in rehabilitation and how it affects therapists, patients, and therapy practice.
METHOD. We used a qualitative, instrumental case study design. Thirty-five occupational and physical therapist practitioners from three facilities participated in the study.
RESULTS. Therapists reported a broad range of applications for equipment (e.g., functional mobility and neuromusculoskeletal function). They reported that SPH equipment increased treatment options for therapists and increased participation options for patients, although equipment limitations exist. Three themes emerged from the analysis: choice, potential, and safety.
CONCLUSION. SPH equipment has therapeutic applications in rehabilitation, especially for medically complex or bariatric patients. Therapists in this study engaged in a highly individualized, complex process of decision making when selecting and using SPH devices in rehabilitation. More research to refine and test therapeutic uses is necessary.
From Periphery to Player: Strategically Positioning Occupational Therapy Within the Knowledge Translation Landscape
Authors: Cramm Heidi , White Catherine , Krupa Terry 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Knowledge translation has emerged as a critical force across health research, funding, policy, and practice. Occupational therapy finds itself on the periphery of this emerging field, but opportunities specific to occupational therapy systems can facilitate a shift in which the profession develops its role as a key player. As occupational therapy increasingly recognizes the essential role of knowledge translation in health care, strategic action to create knowledge translator roles, technology, resources, opportunities, and communities of practice will be needed to align occupational therapy academic and health care systems with knowledge translation imperatives that increasingly shape the health care landscape.
Prescribers’ Experiences With Powered Mobility Prescription Among Older Adults
Authors: Mortenson W. Ben , Clarke Laura Hurd , Best Krista 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Despite the potential benefits of powered mobility, many older adults do not have access to this technology. To date, few studies have explored how prescribers make decisions regarding provision of powered mobility. Therefore, we undertook a qualitative study to develop a better understanding of prescribers’ attitudes toward and practices with older adult candidates for powered mobility devices. Our analysis of 10 in-depth interviews identified three main themes: (1) “Deciding who should be entitled” explored how therapists decided who should have access to powered mobility, (2) “power wheelchair negotiation” described the discord between clients and therapists that became apparent during this process, and (3) “practical considerations” revealed how contextual factors shaped the provision of powered mobility. The findings suggest that the ways in which powered mobility is funded, provided, and accommodated should be improved so that more older adults have access to these devices and can use them to their full potential.
A homeopatia na rede pública do Estado de São Paulo: facilitadores e dificultadores
Authors: Galhardi Wania Maria Papile , Barros Nelson Filice de , Leite-Mor Ana Cláudia Moraes Barros 
Published: December 2012

Introdução: O desafio da integralidade na atenção à saúde, como configuração funcional e estrutural do cuidado, levou a Organização Mundial da Saúde a propor a incorporação das Medicinas Tradicionais e Medicinas Alternativas e Complementares para comporem a atenção à saúde, principalmente para os países em desenvolvimento. No Brasil, a oferta de práticas não ortodoxas nos serviços de atenção básica não é recente, mas em maio de 2006 foi publicada a Portaria nº 971 que propõe diretrizes para a incorporação das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares, sobretudo no nível primário. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os fatores facilitadores e dificultadores da implementação da homeopatia no Sistema Único de Saúde dos municípios de São Paulo. Metodologia: Em 2008 foram identificados no DATASUS os municípios que ofereceram consultas homeopáticas de 2000-2007; estes dados foram analisados quantitativamente e, desencadearam questionamentos que foram utilizados para entrevistas com os gestores dos municípios, cujos resultados foram trabalhados quantiqualitativamente para a análise. Resultados: Dos 645 municípios de São Paulo, 47 ofertaram homeopatia e os gestores de 42 foram entrevistados. Estas últimas entrevistas indicaram que os fatores facilitadores estão relacionados à presença de médicos homeopatas no serviço; à adesão e disponibilidade do gestor em desenvolver a homeopatia; haver demanda de usuários perceptivos para a homeopatia; à ação dos Conselhos de Saúde; haver serviços de referência capazes de acolher a terapêutica homeopática e o baixo custo dos medicamentos homeopáticos. E, os dificultadores, com empecilhos como falta de estudos para a orientação dos gestores para a contratação de médicos homeopatas; a questões relacionadas à aquisição dos medicamentos; à priorização de outras especialidades médicas; ao desconhecimento da racionalidade médica homeopática; e preconceitos e dificuldades na implantação daquilo que é novo. Conclusão: os fatores facilitadores estão subsumidos às dificuldades apresentadas.
Interface saúde da família & saúde mental: uma estratégia para o cuidado
Authors: Binotto André Luiz , Santos Luciane Loures dos , Lourosa Quitéria de Lourdes , Sant’Anna Sonia Camila , Zanetti Ana Carolina Guidorizzi , Marques João Mazzoncini de Azevedo 
Published: December 2012

Estudos internacionais mostram que a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) realiza a maioria dos atendimentos psiquiátricos, pois, mesmo nos países que mais investem em saúde mental, existe uma lacuna entre a oferta e a demanda por serviços especializados. No Brasil, preconiza-se que a Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) assista aos pacientes com problemas de saúde mental e o apoio matricial é uma ferramenta para qualificar esse trabalho. Objetivamos conhecer o perfil epidemiológico dos usuários atendidos conjuntamente por uma equipe de ESF e sua equipe matriciadora de Saúde Mental, durante dois anos, por meio da revisão dos prontuários desses pacientes. De um total de 203 atendimentos realizados nesse período, 74% eram de mulheres entre 50 a 59 anos (33%); os diagnósticos mais comuns foram Episódio Depressivo Maior (61%), Transtorno de Ansiedade Generalizada (33%), Esquizofrenia e Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (11% cada). Trinta e cinco por cento dos pacientes foram encaminhados, sendo a maioria para psicoterapia (94%) e o restante para um ambulatório secundário de Saúde Mental (6%). Os psicofármacos mais prescritos foram os inibidores seletivos da recaptação da serotonina (76%), anti-histamínicos (37%), benzodiazepínicos (37%) e antipsicóticos típicos (26%). Esta interface representou um acesso facilitado e eficaz para o usuário com transtorno mental de maior gravidade/complexidade e abriu portas para a integralidade da atenção e a interdisciplinaridade no trabalho cotidiano.
Necessidades educacionais dos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF): possibilidades de Educação em Saúde no município de Fortaleza (CE)
Authors: Fiúza Tatiana Monteiro , Ribeiro Marco Túlio Aguiar Mourão , Gomes Kilma Wanderley Lopes , Pequeno Mayrá Lobato , Barreto Ivana Cristina de Holanda Cunha , Miranda Alcides Silva de , Oliveira Pedro Renan Santos de , Montenegro Junior Renan Magalhães 
Published: December 2012

As reformas curriculares e a mudança do perfil na formação de profissionais da saúde apresentam muitos desafios. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as necessidades educacionais em saúde percebidas e representadas pelos profissionais de nível superior que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) do município de Fortaleza/CE, recém-aprovados em concurso de âmbito municipal. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com duas etapas. Um estudo transversal em 2006 com aplicação de inquérito para aferição das necessidades de Educação em Saúde, e a segunda etapa em 2011 com a análise documental sobre as ações realizadas para educação permanente dos profissionais da rede municipal de saúde pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Fortaleza. O instrumento utilizado para coleta dos dados foi um questionário semiestruturado, aplicado a profissionais médicos, enfermeiros e odontólogos. Do universo de 900 profissionais recém-concursados, nossa amostra de conveniência contou com 375 respondentes. Observou-se, no estudo, que, quanto ao desejo de realização de pós-graduação, o mestrado profissional, a residência em medicina de família e comunidade, a residência multiprofissional em saúde da família, que são modalidades de pós-graduação que ocorrem em serviço, são necessidades manifestadas por significativa parte dos profissionais. Por outro lado, profissionais também assinalaram a necessidade de cursos de 40 horas de forma pontual. A educação permanente é apontada pela literatura e pelo atual estudo como um caminho para melhoria na qualidade da ESF, por centrar nos processos de trabalho a construção do processo educativo. Para a educação em Saúde gerar efetivos processos de reflexão-ação-reflexão no cotidiano de trabalho, deve-se promover a ligação política com a mudança da formação de perfil profissional e, para isso, colocar em evidência as necessidades educacionais dos profissionais é fundamental.
Generalized Augmentation for Control of the k-Familywise Error Rate
Authors: Farcomeni Alessio 
Published: December 2012

When performing many hypothesis tests at once a correction for multiplicity is needed to both keep under control the number of false discoveries and be able to detect the true departures from the null hypotheses. A recently introduced method which has been proved to be useful in genomics, neuroimaging and other fields consists in probabilistically controlling that the number of falsely rejected hypotheses does not exceed a pre-specified (low) . We introduce a new multiple testing procedure which is based on the idea of generalized augmentation: at first a number of hypotheses is rejected without any correction, then this number is adjusted by adding or removing rejections. The procedure is shown to keep under control the probability of or more false rejections. We show a small simulation study which suggests that the new procedure is very powerful, especially when the number of tests at stake is large. We conclude with an illustration on a benchmark data set on classification of colon cancer.
Synthesis of a North‐Methanocarba‐Thymidine (N‐MCT) Analog
Authors: Thompson Andrew , Marquez Victor E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA detailed protocol for the synthesis of North‐methanocarba‐thymidine (N‐MCT), a potent antiviral nucleoside with a restricted bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane pseudosugar conformation, is presented. The process is described in two parts. The first basic protocol deals with the synthesis of the carbobicyclic pseudosugar precursor that can be utilized in the syntheses of other bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane nucleosides with natural and non‐natural nucleobases. The second basic protocol describes the specific construction of the thymine base in a linear fashion from the carbobicyclic intermediate. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 51:1.29.1‐1.29.14. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Nucleoside Polyphosphates and Their Conjugates Using Sulfonyl Imidazolium Salts
Authors: Mohamady Samy , Taylor Scott D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis unit describes a method for preparing nucleoside polyphosphates and their conjugates such as nucleoside triphosphates, symmetrical and unsymmetrical dinucleoside polyphosphates and sugar nucleotides. The protocols employ sulfonyl imidazolium salts (SnISs) as coupling reagents. These reagents are prepared in two steps in very high yield from commercially available materials and can be stored for at least 1 year at −20°C. The tetra‐n‐butylammonium salts of nucleoside mono‐, di‐, or triphosphates are reacted with the SnISs to form reactive phosphoryl imidazolium donors. These donors are reacted with the tetra‐n‐butylammonium salts of pyrophosphate, nucleotide mono‐ or diphosphates or sugar‐1‐phosphates to give the nucleoside polyphosphates and their conjugates in excellent yields. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 51:13.11.1‐13.11.24. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generating and Analyzing Germ‐Free Mice
Authors: Arvidsson Carina , Hallén Anna , Bäckhed Fredrik 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe normal gut microbiota has evoked many investigators' interest over the years and the pioneering work of James Reyniers in the 1920s generated the first germ‐free guinea pigs. Comparing the physiology between germ‐free and conventionally raised animals has provided invaluable insights on how the gut microbiota affect host biology. Today we know that the gut microbiota modulate the immune system, epithelial cell proliferation, intestinal angiogenesis, hormone production, energy absorption, and behavior. Furthermore, recent data have demonstrated that obesity is associated with an altered gut microbiota, and a direct role for the microbiota in disease development was demonstrated by the use of germ‐free mice. Here we are presenting protocols for maintaining and generating germ‐free mice. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 2:307‐316 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mouse Models of Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Yin Deng Ping , Boyd Kelli L. , Williams Phillip E. , Abumrad Naji N. , Wasserman David H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMorbid obesity is linked to increased incidence of glucose intolerance, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, various forms of liver disease, and specific forms of cancer. Treatment of obesity by lifestyle modifications (i.e., changes in diet and exercise) and drug therapy is generally ineffective. Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective means of treating obesity and related disorders. We as well as others have developed surgical procedures for application to genetic mouse models that mimic an array of human bariatric surgical procedures used in the treatment of obesity. The application of bariatric surgery to genetic mouse models will broaden our understanding of the role of the gut in metabolic disease. Models that have been developed include gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy (SG), Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) with a complete exclusion of the stomach, duodenal‐jejunal bypass (DJB), and biliopancreatic diversion (BPD). The detailed methods of these procedures are provided. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 2:295‐306 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bone Mineral Content and Density
Authors: Esapa Christopher T. , Bassett J.H. Duncan , Evans Holly , Croucher Peter I. , Williams Graham R. , Thakker Rajesh V. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe availability of high‐throughput biochemical and imaging techniques that can be used on live mice has increased the possibility of undertaking longitudinal studies to characterize skeletal changes such as bone mineral content and density. Further characterization of bone morphology, bone quality, and bone strength can also be achieved by analyzing dissected bones using techniques that provide higher resolution. Thus, the combined use of high‐throughput [e.g., biochemical analysis of plasma, radiography and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA)] and secondary phenotyping techniques (e.g., histology, histomorphometry, Faxitron digital X‐ray point projection microradiography, biomechanical testing, and micro‐computed tomography) can be utilized for comprehensive characterization of bone structure and quality and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms giving rise to musculoskeletal disorders. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 2:365‐400 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.