bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maize lipid droplet‐associated protein 2 is recruited by a virus to enhance viral multiplication and infection through regulating cellular fatty acid metabolism
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Wang Xinyu , Li Siqi , Sun Xi , Xue Mingshuo , Di Dianping , Zhang Aihong , Zhang Yongjiang , Xia Yiji , Zhou Tao , Fan Zaifeng 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYPathogen infection induces massive reprogramming of host primary metabolism. Lipid and fatty acid (FA) metabolism is generally disrupted by pathogens and co‐opted for their proliferation. Lipid droplets (LDs) that play important roles in regulating cellular lipid metabolism are utilized by a variety of pathogens in mammalian cells. However, the function of LDs during pathogenic infection in plants remains unknown. We show here that infection by rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) affects the lipid metabolism of maize, which causes elevated accumulation of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) leading to viral proliferation and symptom development. The overexpression of one of the two novel LD‐associated proteins (LDAPs) of maize (ZmLDAP1 and ZmLDAP2) induces LD clustering. The core capsid protein P8 of RBSDV interacts with ZmLDAP2 and prevents its degradation through the ubiquitin–proteasome system mediated by a UBX domain‐containing protein, PUX10. In addition, silencing of ZmLDAP2 downregulates the expression of FA desaturase genes in maize, leading to a decrease in C18 PUFAs levels and suppression of RBSDV accumulation. Our findings reveal that plant virus may recruit LDAP to regulate cellular FA metabolism to promote viral multiplication and infection. These results expand the knowledge of LD functions and viral infection mechanisms in plants.
On the Potential of Manufacturing Multi-Material Components With Micro/Nanocellular Structures Via the Hybrid Process of Electromagnetic Forming Injection Foaming
Authors: Pirani Mahdi , Hahn Marlon , Joghan Hamed Dardaei , Tekkaya A. Erman , Farahani Saeed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Multimaterial design with a combination of solid and foam structures offers a promising avenue for reducing component weight while enhancing their functionalities. However, the complexity of multistage manufacturing processes poses significant challenges to adopting such approaches. To address these challenges, this paper introduces an innovative concept known as Electromagnetic Forming Injection Foaming (EFIF), which integrates injection molding, forming, and foaming processes into a single hybrid process. This process begins with a simultaneous filling-forming phase, followed by supercritical fluid (SCF) assisted foaming controlled by electromagnetic forming. Through a series of experimental and analytical studies, this work investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of EFIF. First, the impact of pressure drop rate and pressure drop on cell size and density is examined through a specialized experimental setup enabling performing injection, forming, and foaming processes in a single operation. The potential influence of electromagnetic forming on foam injection molding is explored through experiments focusing on the effects of a polymer layer between sheet metal blank and the electromagnetic coils. Additionally, an analytical study evaluates the EFIF process by calculating expected pressure drop rates under different processing conditions and their influence on cell nucleation rates. The results showed the possibility of achieving pressure drop rates up to 1.5 × 105 bar/sec, resulting in nucleation rates up to 1.77 × 109 nuclei/cm3sec. Overall, this paper highlights the potential of EFIF to merge existing technologies into a scalable solution for manufacturing multimaterial components with micro- to nanocellular polymer foams.
Reliability Assessment and Multiphysics Simulation of Additively Printed Wearable Humidity Sensor With Supercapacitive Material for Astronaut in Extreme Condition
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Jang Hyesoo , Hill Curtis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Additive technologies, such as aerosol jet printing (AJP) and direct write printing, are increasingly being used in the production of printed circuit boards because they eliminate the need for costly tooling, such as photomasks or etching containers. This is because additive methods allow for the direct deposition of printing materials onto a substrate. A design and manufacturing approach based on software also enables production flexibility, as well as speedier tool adjustments and design development. Moreover, additive printing methods could be used on a wide range of materials, including fabrics, vehicles, and polymers with various surfaces and forms. This versatility in a broad variety of applications allows engineers to create diverse applications, such as sensing devices with electro-cardiogram sensors, pulse-oxygen sensors, galvanic skin response sensors, body temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and so on. Due to its potential for adaptability and integration, the development of additively printed humidity sensors has been the subject of several prior investigations. There are still issues with the reliability of current humidity sensor technology when flexing force is coupled with the humidity sensor. For the avoidance of stability issues, it is required to develop a better printing technique, process recipe, and sensing material encapsulation. In this research, the direct-write (D-write) printing approach with an nScrypt printer was employed to print the humidity sensor as a test vehicle in a laboratory setting. The sensor was characterized by analyzing the print recipe and its interaction with humidity in regard to resistance and humidity sensitivity. Additionally, the characterization of sensor accuracy, hysteresis, linearity, and stability in relation to temperature and humidity variation has been measured. Furthermore, a multiphysics simulation model was created in order to comprehend the electrochemical processes that occur when the humidity sensor is exposed to a very humid environment.
Multi-year analysis of the global preclinical antibacterial pipeline: trends and gaps
Authors: Gigante Valeria , Alm Richard A. , Melchiorri Daniela , Rocke Tamarie , Arias Cesar A. , Czaplewski Lloyd , Fernandes Prabhavathi , Franceschi François , Harbarth Stephan , Kozlov Roman , Lienhardt Christian , Ohmagari Norio , Ogilvie Lesley A. , Paul Mical , Rex John H. , Silver Lynn L. , Spigelman Melvin , Sati Hatim , Cameron Alexandra M. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat estimated to have caused the deaths of 1.27 million people in 2019, which is more than HIV/AIDS and malaria deaths combined. AMR also has significant consequences on the global economy. If not properly addressed, AMR could immensely impact the world’s economy, further increasing the poverty burden in low- and middle-income countries. To mitigate the risk of a post-antibiotic society, where the ability to effectively treat common bacterial infections is being severely threatened, it is necessary to establish a continuous supply of new and novel antibacterial medicines. However, there are gaps in the current pipeline that will prove difficult to address, given the time required to develop new agents. To understand the status of upstream antibiotic development and the challenges faced by drug developers in the early development stage, the World Health Organization has regularly assessed the preclinical and clinical antibacterial development pipeline. The review identifies potential new classes of antibiotics or novel mechanisms of action that can better address resistant bacterial strains. This proactive approach is necessary to stay ahead of evolving resistance patterns and to support the availability of effective treatment options. This review examines the trends in preclinical development and attempts to identify gaps and potential opportunities to overcome the numerous hurdles in the early stages of the antibacterial research and development space.
Eosinophils as drivers of bacterial immunomodulation and persistence
Authors: Parrish Katelyn M. , Gestal Monica C. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Traditionally, eosinophils have been linked to parasitic infections and pathological disease states. However, emerging literature has unveiled a more nuanced and intricate role for these cells, demonstrating their key functions in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. Eosinophils exhibit diverse phenotypes and exert multifaceted effects during infections, ranging from promoting pathogen persistence to triggering allergic reactions. Our investigations primarily focus on
Bordetella
spp., with particular emphasis on
Bordetella bronchiseptica
, a natural murine pathogen that induces diseases in mice akin to pertussis in humans. Recent findings from our published work have unveiled a striking interaction between
B. bronchiseptica
and eosinophils, facilitated by the
btrS
-mediated mechanism. This interaction serves to enhance pathogen persistence while concurrently delaying adaptive immune responses. Notably, this role of eosinophils is only noted in the absence of a functional
btrS
signaling pathway, indicating that wild-type
B. bronchiseptica
, and possibly other
Bordetella
spp., possess such adeptness in manipulating eosinophils that the true function of these cells remains obscured during infection. In this review, we present the mounting evidence pointing toward eosinophils as targets of bacterial exploitation, facilitating pathogen persistence and fostering chronic infections in diverse mucosal sites, including the lungs, gut, and skin. We underscore the pivotal role of the master regulator of
Bordetella
pathogenesis, the sigma factor BtrS, in orchestrating eosinophil-dependent immunomodulation within the context of pulmonary infection. These putative convergent strategies of targeting eosinophils offer promising avenues for the development of novel therapeutics targeting respiratory and other mucosal pathogens.
Chikungunya virus release is reduced by TIM-1 receptors through binding of envelope phosphatidylserine
Authors: Reyes Ballista Judith M. , Hoover Ashley J. , Noble Joseph T. , Acciani Marissa D. , Miazgowicz Kerri L. , Harrison Sarah A. , Tabscott Grace Andrea L. , Duncan Avery , Barnes Don N. , Jimenez Ariana R. , Brindley Melinda A. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

T-cell immunoglobin and mucin domain protein-1 (TIM-1) mediates entry of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) into some mammalian cells through the interaction with envelope phospholipids. While this interaction enhances entry, TIM-1 has been shown to tether newly formed HIV and Ebola virus particles, limiting their efficient release. In this study, we investigate the ability of surface receptors such as TIM-1 to sequester newly budded virions on the surface of infected cells. We established a luminescence reporter system to produce chikungunya viral particles that integrate nano-luciferase and easily quantify viral particles. We found that TIM-1 on the surface of host cells significantly reduced CHIKV release efficiency in comparison to other entry factors. Removal of cell surface TIM-1 through direct cellular knock-out or altering the cellular lipid distribution enhanced CHIKV release. Over the course of infection, CHIKV was able to counteract the tethering effect by gradually decreasing the surface levels of TIM-1 in a process mediated by the nonstructural protein 2. This study highlights the importance of phosphatidylserine receptors in mediating not only the entry of CHIKV but also its release and could aid in developing cell lines capable of enhanced vaccine production.

IMPORTANCE
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an enveloped alphavirus transmitted by the bites of infectious mosquitoes. Infection with CHIKV results in the development of fever, joint pain, and arthralgia that can become chronic and last for months after infection. Prevention of this disease is still highly focused on vector control strategies. In December 2023, a new live attenuated vaccine against CHIKV was approved by the FDA. We aimed to study the cellular factors involved in CHIKV release, to better understand CHIKV’s ability to efficiently infect and spread among a wide variety of cell lines. We found that TIM-1 receptors can significantly abrogate CHIKV’s ability to efficiently exit infected cells. This information can be beneficial for maximizing viral particle production in laboratory settings and during vaccine manufacturing.
Epidemiology of cryptococcal meningitis and fluconazole heteroresistance in
Cryptococcus neoformans
isolates from a teaching hospital in southwestern China
Authors: Huang Yunfei , Zhang Yongqi , Yang Shuangshuang , Lu Hongling , Yu Hanbing , Wang Xingyue , Jia Xiaojiong , Tang Dijiao , Wu Linhong , Huang Shifeng , Yang Ping 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM), a common and serious opportunistic infection mostly caused by
Cryptococcus neoformans
, is primarily treated with fluconazole. Nevertheless,
Cryptococcus neoformans
strains that undergo repeated exposure to azoles can gradually acquire heteroresistance to fluconazole. The management of this specific CM infection poses a substantial challenge. Determining a globally accepted definition for fluconazole heteroresistance and developing effective and prompt methods for identifying heteroresistance is of utmost importance. We collected data on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with CM. All the available
Cryptococcus neoformans
strains isolated from these patients were collected and subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing and evaluation of fluconazole heteroresistance. AIDS was present in 40.5% of the patients, whereas 24.1% did not have any underlying diseases. Patients with chronic diseases or impaired immune systems are susceptible to infection by
Cryptococcus neoformans
, a fungus that frequently (39.6%, 19/48) shows heteroresistance to fluconazole, as confirmed by population analysis profile (PAP).

IMPORTANCE
Fluconazole heteroresistance poses a significant threat to the efficacy of fluconazole in treating cryptococcal meningitis (CM). Unfortunately, the standard broth microdilution method often misses the subtle percentages of subpopulations exhibiting heteroresistance. While the population analysis profile (PAP) method is esteemed as the gold standard, its time-consuming and labor-intensive nature makes it impractical for routine clinical use. In contrast, the Kirby-Bauer (KB) disk diffusion method offers a simple and effective screening solution. Our study highlights the value of KB over PAP and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by demonstrating that when adjusting the inoculum concentration to 1.0 McFarland and subjecting samples to a 72-hour incubation period at 35°C, the KB method closely mirrors the outcomes of the PAP approach in detecting fluconazole heteroresistance. This optimization of the KB method not only enhances assay efficiency but also provides a blueprint for developing a timely and effective strategy for identifying heteroresistance.
Heat Capacity and Features of the Phonon Spectrum of Single Crystals of Solid Solutions of Yttrium–Lutetium Aluminum Garnets
Authors: Nikitov S. A. , Taranov A. V. , Khazanov E. N. , Charnaya E. V. , Likholetova M. V. , Shevchenko E. V. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The temperature dependences of the heat capacity were measured and the general patterns of the formation of the phonon spectrum of single crystals of solid solutions of yttrium-lutetium aluminum garnets Y3 – xLuxAl5O12 at 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 were investigated in the temperature range from 1.9 to 220 K. According to the data obtained at temperatures below 10 K, the Debye temperatures were calculated. The features of the phonon spectrum in the intermediate temperature range are interpreted as a superposition of optical modes for yttrium and lutetium garnets. It is shown that the low heat capacity values due to the contribution of acoustic phonons for Y2.25Lu0.75Al5O12 correlate with anomalies in the concentration dependences of the phonon transport, the absorption of acoustic waves, and the shape of the aluminum NMR line.
Effects of pre-existing type 1 diabetes mellitus on survival outcome following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a registry-based observational study in Sweden
Authors: Eken Berkan , Rawshani Araz , Rawshani Aidin , Mandalenakis Zacharias , Thunstrom Erik , Louca Antros , Petursson Petur , Angerås Oskar , Nadhir Sadek , Dworeck Christian , Råmunddal Truls 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundIt has been estimated that 80% of cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) are due to cardiac causes. It is well-documented that diabetes is a risk factor for conditions associated with sudden cardiac arrest. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) displays a threefold to fivefold increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death compared with the general population.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the characteristics and survival outcomes of individuals with and without T1D who experienced an OHCA.Design: A registry-based nationwide observational study with two cohorts, patients with T1D and patients without T1D.Setting: All emergency medical services and hospitals in Sweden were included in the study.ParticipantsUsing the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Registry, we enrolled 54 568 cases of OHCA where cardiopulmonary resuscitation was attempted between 2010 and 2020. Among them, 448 patients with T1D were identified using International Classification of Diseases-code: E10.MethodsSurvival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier and logistic regression. Multiple regression was adjusted for age, sex, cause of arrest, prevalence of T1D and time to cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Main outcome measuresThe outcomes were discharge status (alive vs dead), 30 days survival and neurological outcome at discharge.ResultsThere were no significant differences in patients discharged alive with T1D 37.3% versus, 46% among cases without T1D. There was also no difference in neurological outcome. Kaplan-Meier curves yielded no significant difference in long-term survival. Multiple regression showed no significant association with survival after accounting for covariates, OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.02), p value=0.7. Baseline characteristics indicate that patients with T1D were 5 years younger at OHCA occurrence and had proportionally fewer cases of heart disease as the cause of arrest (57.6% vs 62.7%).ConclusionWe conclude, with the current sample size, that there is no statistically significant difference in long-term or short-term survival between patients with and without T1D following OHCA.
Protocol for a longitudinal study examining the trajectory of COVID-19, post-COVID, multidimensional disadvantage and health-related quality of life in India: the IndiQol Project
Authors: Sinha Kompal , Gutacker Nils , Gu Yuanyuan , Haagsma Juanita , Kumar Kaushalendra , Aghdaee Mona 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the persistence of symptoms after infection, commonly referred to as ‘post-COVID’ or ‘long-COVID’. While countries in high-resource countries have highlighted the increased risk of disadvantaged communities, there is limited understanding of how COVID-19 and post-COVID conditions affect marginalised populations in low-income and middle-income countries. We study the longitudinal patterns of COVID-19, post-COVID symptoms and their impact on the health-related quality of life through the IndiQol Project.Methods and analysisThe IndiQol Project conducts household surveys across India to collect data on the incidence of COVID-19 and multidimensional well-being using a longitudinal design. We select a representative sample across six states surveyed over four waves. A two-stage sampling design was used to randomly select primary sampling units in rural and urban areas of each State. Using power analysis, we select an initial sample of 3000 household and survey all adult household members in each wave. The survey data will be analysed using limited dependent variable models and matching techniques to provide insights into the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and post-COVID on health and well-being of individuals in India.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for the IndiQol Project was obtained from the Macquarie University Human Research Ethics Committee in Sydney, Australia and Institutional Review Board of Morsel in India. The project results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Data collected from the IndiQol project will be deposited with the EuroQol group and will be available to use by eligible researchers on approval of request.
Aortic aneurysm sac filling with AneuFix injectable polymer during endovascular aneurysm repair: feasibility and safety trial study protocol
Authors: Smorenburg Stefan P M , Lely Rutger J , Jacobs Michael J , Hoksbergen Arjan W J 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionType II endoleaks (T2ELs) following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) can lead to aneurysm growth, compromising the stent graft seal and risking rupture. Preventing these endoleaks during EVAR involves filling the AAA sac around the stent graft to exclude the aneurysm and block any arteries causing the endoleak. This study investigates the feasibility and safety of using AneuFix, a biocompatible injectable polymer developed by TripleMed (Geleen, the Netherlands), for aneurysmal sac filling during EVAR in high-risk T2EL patients.Methods and analysisA feasibility, single-arm, single-centre clinical trial will initially include five patients with infrarenal AAA, eligible for EVAR, and at high risk for T2EL based on the number of patent lumbar arteries and the cross-sectional area of the aortic lumen at the level of the inferior mesenteric artery. Postevaluation by the Data Safety and Monitoring Board, the study cohort will extend to 25 patients. During EVAR and after stent graft deployment, the aneurysm sac is filled with AneuFix polymer using a filling sheath positioned parallel to the contralateral limb with the tip inside the aneurysm sac. Primary outcome is technical success (successful AAA sac filling). The secondary outcomes include clinical success at 6 and 12 months (occurrence of T2ELs and AAA growth assessed with CT angiography), intraoperative and perioperative complications, all endoleaks, adverse events, re-interventions, aneurysm rupture and patient survival.Ethics and disseminationThis trial was approved by the Dutch Authorities (Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects, IGJ), Amsterdam University Medical Centre Ethical Commission, and adheres to the Declaration of Helsinki and European Medical Device Regulation. Results will be shared at (inter)national conferences and in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04307992.