bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of rainfall spatial variability on hydrogeological response
Authors: Sapriza‐Azuri Gonzalo , Jódar Jorge , Navarro Vicente , Slooten Luit Jan , Carrera Jesús , Gupta Hoshin V. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThere is currently no general consensus on how the spatial variability of rainfall impacts and propagates through complex hydrogeological systems. Most studies to date have focused on the effects of rainfall spatial variability (RSV) on river discharge, while paying little attention to other important aspects of system response. Here, we study the impacts of RSV on several responses of a hydrological model of an overexploited system. To this end, we drive a spatially distributed hydrogeological model for the semiarid Upper Guadiana basin in central Spain with stochastic daily rainfall fields defined at three different spatial resolutions (fine → 2.5 km × 2.5 km, medium → 50 km × 50 km, large → lumped). This enables us to investigate how (i) RSV at different spatial resolutions, and (ii) rainfall uncertainty, are propagated through the hydrogeological model of the system. Our results demonstrate that RSV has a significant impact on the modeled response of the system, by specifically affecting groundwater recharge and runoff generation, and thereby propagating through to various other related hydrological responses (river discharge, river‐aquifer exchange, groundwater levels). These results call into question the validity of management decisions made using hydrological models calibrated or forced with spatially lumped rainfall.
Local and systemic proteolytic responses in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis and asthma
Authors: Katainen Elina , Kostamo Katriina , Virkkula Paula , Sorsa Timo , Tervahartiala Taina , Haapaniemi Aaro , Toskala Elina 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and asthma coexist frequently and share similar features of inflammation and remodeling. Remodeling has become an important concept in the pathophysiology of asthma and CRSwNP. It happens early in the development of these diseases and is relatively resistant to treatments. The key enzymes responsible for remodeling are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study we examined whether asthma and CRSwNP share similar MMP profiles.MethodsNasal secretion and serum specimens of controls (19 subjects) and patients with asthma (12), CRSwNP (39), or both (16) were collected between December 2007 and May 2009. Groups were divided into 2 subgroups according to atopy. MMP‐7, MMP‐9, MMP‐13, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and human neutrophil elastase (HNE) were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and MMP‐8 was determined using immunofluorometric assay. High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) was measured to estimate systemic involvement.ResultsPatients with asthma, CRSwNP, or both exhibited lower MMP‐9, MMP‐9/TIMP‐1, MMP‐9/TIMP‐2, and MPO in nasal secretions (p < 0.05 in CRSwNP) and higher MMP‐9, MMP‐9/TIMP‐1, MMP‐9/TIMP‐2, and HNE in serum (p < 0.05 in all groups) compared to controls, whereas no difference in MMP‐7, MMP‐13, TIMP‐1, and TIMP‐2 were detected. Atopy increased nasal MMP‐9 and MPO expression. hs‐CRP was higher in patients with CRSwNP and asthma compared to controls.ConclusionOur findings suggest shared pathomechanisms behind asthma and CRSwNP. Contrasting local vs systemic results reflect a different ability of healthy mucosa to react to exogenous stimuli, possibly indicating a protective function of MMP‐9 and possibly also MMP‐8 in the airways.
Hydrogen‐Bonding Interactions Trigger a Spin‐Flip in Iron(III) Porphyrin Complexes
Authors: Sahoo Dipankar , Quesne Matthew G. , de Visser Sam P. , Rath Sankar Prasad 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA key step in cytochrome P450 catalysis includes the spin‐state crossing from low spin to high spin upon substrate binding and subsequent reduction of the heme. Clearly, a weak perturbation in P450 enzymes triggers a spin‐state crossing. However, the origin of the process whereby enzymes reorganize their active site through external perturbations, such as hydrogen bonding, is still poorly understood. We have thus studied the impact of hydrogen‐bonding interactions on the electronic structure of a five‐coordinate iron(III) octaethyltetraarylporphyrin chloride. The spin state of the metal was found to switch reversibly between high (S=5/2) and intermediate spin (S=3/2) with hydrogen bonding. Our study highlights the possible effects and importance of hydrogen‐bonding interactions in heme proteins. This is the first example of a synthetic iron(III) complex that can reversibly change its spin state between a high and an intermediate state through weak external perturbations.
More Eagerness, More Suffering from Search Bias: Accuracy Incentives and Need for Cognition Exacerbate the Detrimental Effects of Excessive Searching in Finding Romantic Partners Online
Authors: Lee Chun‐Chia , Chiou Wen‐Bin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe systematic use of Web search tools to browse and evaluate recommendations is widespread. Such tools may be crucial for users to truly benefit from the enormous selection of options available online. However, a recent study demonstrated that a greater number of search options triggered excessive searching and led to inferior decisions (i.e., the more‐means‐worse effect; Wu & Chiou, ). Given that individuals who are motivated to make accurate choices (the accuracy incentive) tend to engage in broader and more exhaustive searches, Experiment 1 examined how the accuracy incentive influenced the search process. The findings indicated that the accuracy incentive led to excessive searching and poorer choices. Moreover, the search ratio, an indicator of excessive searching, mediated the negative effect of the accuracy incentive on choice quality. Experiment 2 investigated the role of the need for cognition (NFC) in the more‐means‐worse effect. High‐NFC participants demonstrated an increased tendency toward excessive searching and exhibited poorer selectivity than did low‐NFC participants. The current research indicated that the accuracy incentive of online searchers may serve as a determinant of excessive searching and that online searchers characterized by high NFC may be more vulnerable to the negative effects of excessive searching. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionic Liquids as Extractor Agents and Reaction Media in Ester Synthesis
Authors: Hernández Fernández Francisco José , Pérez de los Ríos Antonia , Quesada‐Medina Joaquín , Sánchez‐Segado Sergio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDuring the last decade, ionic liquids technology has received growing attention due to the advantages they offer with respect to organic solvents. Although, in many cases, ionic liquids have simply been used to replace organic solvents, mainly due to their lack of vapor pressure, they have often led to improve process. In this work, the focus is on the application of ionic liquid technology as reaction media in the enzymatic synthesis of esters and also as extractor agents in the separation of reaction mixtures in the synthesis of esters. As reaction media, ionic liquids are opening up new fields in nonaqueous enzymology. The advantages of using ionic liquids over the use of organic solvents as reaction medium for biocatalysis include enhancement of enzyme activity, stability and selectivity. In this work, the effect of the nature of the ionic liquid on activity, selectivity, and stability of enzymes which catalyze esters synthesis has been carefully analyzed. The use of ionic liquids as extraction agent is also overviewed. Specifically, liquid‐liquid extraction using ionic liquids and supported liquid membranes based on ionic liquids have been studied.
Toward Functional Type III [Fe]‐Hydrogenase Biomimics for H2 Activation: Insights from Computation
Authors: Murray Kevin A. , Wodrich Matthew D. , Hu Xile , Corminboeuf Clémence 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe chemistry of [Fe]‐hydrogenase has attracted significant interest due to its ability to activate molecular hydrogen. The intriguing properties of this enzyme have prompted the synthesis of numerous small molecule mimics aimed at activating H2. Despite considerable effort, a majority of these compounds remain nonfunctional for hydrogenation reactions. By using a recently synthesized model as an entry point, seven biomimetic complexes have been examined through DFT computations to probe the influence of ligand environment on the ability of a mimic to bind and split H2. One mimic, featuring a bidentate diphosphine group incorporating an internal nitrogen base, was found to have particularly attractive energetics, prompting a study of the role played by the proton/hydride acceptor necessary to complete the catalytic cycle. Computations revealed an experimentally accessible energetic pathway involving a benzaldehyde proton/hydride acceptor and the most promising catalyst.
Cu Nanoparticles Electrodeposited at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces: A Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Aslan Emre , Patir Imren Hatay , Ersoz Mustafa 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe electrochemical deposition of Cu nanoparticles with an average diameter of approximately 25–35 nm has been reported at liquid–liquid interfaces by using the organic‐phase electron‐donor decamethylferrocene (DMFc). The electrodeposited Cu nanoparticles display excellent catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER); this is the first reported catalytic effect of Cu nanoparticles at liquid–liquid interfaces.
Non‐Covalent Functionalization of Graphene with Bisphenol A for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Hu Haixiong , Hu Zhongai , Ren Xiaoying , Yang Yuying , Qiang Ruibing , An Ning , Wu Hongying 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/bisphenol A (BPA) composites were prepared by an adsorption‐reduction method. The composites are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐vis, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results confirm that BPA is adsorbed on the basal plane of RGO by π‐π stacking interaction. Furthermore, the electrochemical behaviors were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the RGO/BPA nanocomposites exhibit ultrahigh specific capacitance of 466 F·g−1 at a current density of 1 A·g−1, excellent rate capability (more than 81% retention at 10 A·g−1 relative to 1 A·g−1) and superior cycling stability (90% capacitance decay after 4000 cycles). Consequently, the RGO/BPA nanocomposites can be regarded as promising electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.
Analysis and Identification of the Chemical Constituents of Ding‐Zhi‐Xiao‐Wan Prescription by HPLC‐IT‐MSn and HPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Tang Shiyao , Liu Shu , Liu Zhiqiang , Song Fengrui , Liu Shuying 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDing‐Zhi‐Xiao‐Wan (DZXW) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, which is composed of four herbs, Ginseng Radix, Poria, Polygala Radix and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma. It has been popularly used for the treatment of emotional disease, like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, anxiety, forgetfulness and neurasthenia. In this research, a high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion‐trap tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐IT‐MSn) method along with a high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) method in negative ion mode was established to investigate the major constitutions in DZXW. The extracts were prepared by ultra‐sonication in ethyl acetate, n‐butanol, 95% ethanol and deionized water sequentially as well as in deionized water directly. A Kromasil C18 column was used to separate the extracts of DZXW. Acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid (V/V) were used as the mobile phase. A total of 64 components were characterized, including 16 triterpenoids, 14 Polygala saponins, 10 oligosaccharide esters, 6 sucrose esters, 2 xanthone C‐glycosides and 16 ginsenosides.
Enantioselective Synthesis of N‐Phenyl‐dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles via Cascade Michael Addition/Thorpe‐Ziegler Type Cyclization Catalyzed by a Chiral Squaramide
Authors: Li Junhua , Du Daming 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEnantioselective synthesis of biologically active dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles has been achieved through a squaramide‐catalysed Michael addition/Thorpe‐Ziegler type cyclization cascade reaction between arylidenepyrazolones and malononitrile. A series of optically active dihydropyano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles were obtained in excellent yields (up to 99%) and moderate to good enantioselectivities (up to 79% ee) under mild reaction conditions.
Personalizing annual lung cancer screening for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A decision analysis
Authors: Lowry Kathryn P. , Gazelle G. Scott , Gilmore Michael E. , Johanson Colden , Munshi Vidit , Choi Sung Eun , Tramontano Angela C. , Kong Chung Yin , McMahon Pamela M. 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDLung cancer screening with annual chest computed tomography (CT) is recommended for current and former smokers with a ≥30‐pack‐year smoking history. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of developing lung cancer and may benefit from screening at lower pack‐year thresholds.METHODSWe used a previously validated simulation model to compare the health benefits of lung cancer screening in current and former smokers ages 55‐80 with ≥30 pack‐years with hypothetical programs using lower pack‐year thresholds for individuals with COPD (≥20, ≥10, and ≥1 pack‐years). Calibration targets for COPD prevalence and associated lung cancer risk were derived using the Framingham Offspring Study limited data set. We performed sensitivity analyses to evaluate the stability of results across different rates of adherence to screening, increased competing mortality risk from COPD, and increased surgical ineligibility in individuals with COPD. The primary outcome was projected life expectancy.RESULTSPrograms using lower pack‐year thresholds for individuals with COPD yielded the highest life expectancy gains for a given number of screens. Highest life expectancy was achieved when lowering the pack‐year threshold to ≥1 pack‐year for individuals with COPD, which dominated all other screening strategies. These results were stable across different adherence rates to screening and increases in competing mortality risk for COPD and surgical ineligibility.CONCLUSIONSCurrent and former smokers with COPD may disproportionately benefit from lung cancer screening. A lower pack‐year threshold for screening eligibility may benefit this high‐risk patient population.Cancer2015;121:1556–1562. ©2015 American Cancer Society.
Phase 1b study of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor sirolimus in combination with nanoparticle albumin–bound paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Abu‐Khalaf Maysa M. , Baumgart Megan A. , Gettinger Scott N. , Doddamane Indukala , Tuck David P. , Hou Shihe , Chen Nianhang , Sullivan Catherine , Lezon‐Geyda Kimberly , Zelterman Daniel , Hatzis Christos , Deshpande Hari , Digiovanna Michael P. , Azodi Masoud , Schwartz Peter E. , Harris Lyndsay N. 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDThe optimal weekly oral dose of sirolimus and intravenous nanoparticle albumin–bound paclitaxel (nab‐paclitaxel) were evaluated.METHODSA phase 1b study was performed to evaluate escalating doses of oral sirolimus (5‐60 mg) on days 2, 9, and 16 with intravenous nab‐paclitaxel (100 mg/m2) on days 1, 8, and 15 in a 28‐day cycle. A run‐in treatment of nab‐paclitaxel (day −14) and sirolimus (day −7) was administered for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments. Clinical trial endpoints included dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs), maximum tolerated doses, and response rates. Pharmacodynamics included immunohistochemistry for phosphatase and tensin homolog, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AKT, phosphorylated AKT, S6K1, and phosphorylated S6K1; exploratory gene expression analysis; and [18F]fludeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography.RESULTSTwenty‐three patients with advanced solid tumors were treated. Fifteen patients had prior taxane therapy. Twenty‐two patients were evaluable for responses. One patient had a complete response, and 5 patients had a partial response (3 confirmed). DLTs were seen in 1 patient each at 10 (grade 3 dyspnea/hypoxia) and 40 mg (grade 4 leukopenia/neutropenia) and in 2 patients at 60 mg (grade 3 fatigue and grade 4 pericardial effusion). Patients with higher expression of posttreatment AKT and a greater decline in FDG activity were more likely to have a treatment response or stable disease.CONCLUSIONSSirolimus showed an acceptable safety profile at a weekly dose of 40 mg with weekly intravenous nab‐paclitaxel at 100 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days. The posttreatment AKT score and changes in FDG activity may have roles as early predictors of responses to mTOR inhibitors. Cancer 2015;121:1817–1826. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Statin use and risk of pancreatic cancer: Results from a large, clinic‐based case‐control study
Authors: Walker Evan J. , Ko Andrew H. , Holly Elizabeth A. , Bracci Paige M. 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDStatins are cholesterol‐lowering medications with pleiotropic effects, including alterations in growth signaling, as well as immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory effects that may alter cancer risk. Evidence from previous epidemiologic studies is inconsistent about whether statin use is associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer (PC).METHODSPatients with confirmed diagnoses of PC (cases) were recruited from medical and surgical oncology clinics, with controls (frequency‐matched by sex and age) recruited from general medicine clinics, at a high‐volume academic medical center over a 6‐year period (2006‐2011). Direct interviews were conducted with an epidemiological risk factor questionnaire covering topics such as medical history, lifestyle factors, and medication usage. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as estimates of the relative risk of PC.RESULTSData were obtained from 536 cases and 869 controls. Ever use of statins was associated with a 34% reduced PC risk (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47‐0.92). In sex‐stratified analyses, risk was statistically significantly reduced in men only (OR for men, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.32‐0.79; OR for women, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.52‐1.43). Duration of use was inversely associated with PC risk (>10‐year use: overall OR, 0.51; OR for men, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21‐0.80; Ptrend = .006).CONCLUSIONSThis is the largest case‐control study to demonstrate an inverse association between statin use and PC risk. Risk reduction in statin users appears to be sex‐specific and is more pronounced in long‐term users. Further research is warranted to better characterize this association and clarify the roles of underlying biologic mechanisms. Cancer 2015;121:1287–1294. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Predictors of colorectal cancer surveillance among survivors of childhood cancer treated with radiation: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Daniel Casey L. , Kohler Connie L. , Stratton Kayla L. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Waterbor John W. , Whelan Kimberly F. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Henderson Tara O. , Krull Kevin R. , Robison Leslie L. , Nathan Paul C. 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDChildhood cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy to a field including the colon or rectum have an elevated risk of developing radiation‐induced colorectal cancer (CRC). The Children's Oncology Group recommends colonoscopy every 5 years beginning at age 35 years for at‐risk survivors.METHODSAnalyses included 702 five‐year survivors (Childhood Cancer Survivor Study) aged ≥36 years who received ≥30 gray of abdominal, pelvic, or spinal radiotherapy. Multivariate generalized linear models were used to calculate relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for adherence to the Children's Oncology Group's CRC surveillance recommendations.RESULTSWith a median age of 43 years (range, 36‐58 years), 29.5% of the survivors (207 of 702 survivors) met surveillance recommendations. In multivariate analyses, age ≥50 years versus age 36 to 49 years (RR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0‐3.4), reporting a routine cancer follow‐up visit within 1 year before the study (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0‐2.2), reporting ≥10 physician visits within the past year versus 0 to 9 visits (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1‐1.7), and discussing future cancer risk with a physician at the time of the most recent follow‐up visit (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1‐1.7) were found to be associated with adherence to CRC surveillance recommendations.CONCLUSIONSGreater than 70% of survivors at an increased risk of CRC were not screened as recommended. Regular physician contact and discussion of screening were associated with a 60% increase in CRC surveillance. Educational interventions targeted at survivors and their primary care physicians are needed to heighten knowledge of CRC risk after radiotherapy and the importance of appropriate surveillance. Cancer 2015;121:1856–1863. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Electrochemistry for Biofuel Generation: Transformation of Fatty Acids and Triglycerides to Diesel‐Like Olefin/Ether Mixtures and Olefins
Authors: R. dos Santos Tatiane , Harnisch Falk , Nilges Peter , Schröder Uwe 
Published: February 2015

AbstractElectroorganic synthesis can be exploited for the production of biofuels from fatty acids and triglycerides. With Coulomb efficiencies (CE) of up to 50 %, the electrochemical decarboxylation of fatty acids in methanolic and ethanolic solutions leads to the formation of diesel‐like olefin/ether mixtures. Triglycerides can be directly converted in aqueous solutions by using sonoelectrochemistry, with olefins as the main products (with a CE of more than 20 %). The latter reaction, however, is terminated at around 50 % substrate conversion by the produced side‐product glycerol. An energy analysis shows that the electrochemical olefin synthesis can be an energetically competitive, sustainable, and—in comparison with established processes—economically feasible alternative for the exploitation of fats and oils for biofuel production.
Theoretical study and performance evaluation of macro‐assisted data‐only carrier for next generation 5G system
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Zhang Xing , Liu Chang , Wang Wenbo , Chen Yami , Li Gang , Pan Zhengang , I Chih‐Lin 
Published: February 2015

SummaryWith the explosive growth of high‐data rate multimedia services and machine‐to‐machine (M2M) type communications, numerous small cells will be densely deployed in future fifth generation wireless network, resulting in serious interference, intolerable delay, and huge handover failure. Massive access M2M services, with low‐rate high‐frequency requests, will also generate much signaling overhead costs and cause enormous waste of system resources. In the Third Generation Partnership Project, the split of control and user (C/U) planes is perceived as one of the most promising methods for small cell enhancement to address these challenges. In this article, a new C/U split architecture of data‐only carrier (DoC) system is analyzed comprehensively from various aspects, such as overhead costs, coverage probability, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency for the first time. Based on the model of stochastic geometry, the influences of density and power of small cell and cell range expansion factors are all taken into account to compare the DoC architecture with the baseline long‐term evolution (LTE) system. Numerical results show that the DoC system can greatly reduce the overhead costs and help to achieve higher throughput gain and better coverage performance over the conventional LTE system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.