bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources of uncertainty in ionospheric modeling: The neutral wind
Authors: David Michael , Sojka Jan J. , Schunk Robert W. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe neutral wind is a critical input parameter for physics‐based ionospheric models, affecting both the height of the F layer and the total electron content. Unfortunately, the currently available models of the thermospheric wind do not seem to represent it very accurately, and this places a serious limitation on the effectiveness of ionospheric modeling and forecasting. We make use of several decades' worth of midlatitude ionosonde observations of the F region peak, in order to compare the effectiveness of several neutral wind models when used as drivers for an ionospheric model. We check the simulation results against the ground truth of the ionosonde observations using the technique of forecast skill scores. We find that with the ionospheric model in use here (the Utah State University Time Dependent Ionospheric Model (TDIM)), a very simple neutral wind pattern outperforms the more complex models. Increases in skill scores as high as 50% are obtained, relative to the reference case of zero wind; also, in some cases, there are similarly large decreases in skill scores. We view this as a sensitivity study, rather than an effort to identify the best wind model in an absolute sense, because any ionospheric model is an assemblage of algorithms, boundary conditions, and drivers that are themselves imperfect. We identify reasons for the large variability in skill scores with respect to season, longitude, and solar cycle level. We close with a brief discussion of other parameters in ionospheric modeling that are similarly uncertain, e.g., a downward electron flux and the Burnside factor.
Central neuropathic pain in MS is due to distinct thoracic spinal cord lesions
Authors: Okuda Darin T. , Melmed Kara , Matsuwaki Takashi , Blomqvist Anders , Craig Arthur D. Bud 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine a neuro‐anatomic cause for central neuropathic pain (CNP) observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.MethodsParallel clinical and neuro‐anatomical studies were performed. A clinical investigation of consecutively acquired MS patients with and without CNP (i.e. cold allodynia or deep hyperesthesia) within a single MS center was pursued. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between an upper central thoracic spinal cord focus to central pain complaints. To identify the hypothesized autonomic interneurons with bilateral descending projections to lumbosacral sensory neurons, retrograde single‐ and double‐labeling experiments with CTb and fluorescent tracers were performed in three animal species (i.e. rat, cat, and monkey).ResultsClinical data were available in MS patients with (n = 32; F:23; median age: 34.6 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 27.4–45.5)) and without (n = 30; F:22; median age: 36.6 years [IQR: 31.6–47.1]) CNP. The value of a central focus between T1–T6 in relation to CNP demonstrated a sensitivity of 96.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 83.8–99.9) and specificity of 83.3% (95% CI: 65.3–94.4). A significant relationship between CNP and a centrally located focus within the thoracic spine was also observed (odds ratio [OR]: 155.0 [95% CI lower limit: 16.0]; P < 0.0001, two‐tailed Fisher exact test). In all animal models, neurons with bilateral descending projections to the lumbosacral superficial dorsal horn were concentrated in the autonomic intermediomedial nucleus surrounding the mid‐thoracic central canal.InterpretationOur observations provide the first evidence for the etiology of CNP. These data may assist with the development of refined symptomatic therapies and allow for insights into unique pain syndromes observed in other demyelinating subtypes.
Self‐tuning fusion Kalman filter weighted by scalars and its convergence analysis for multi‐channel autoregressive moving average signals
Authors: Tao Guili , Deng Zili 
Published: July 2014

SummaryFor the multi‐sensor multi‐channel autoregressive (AR) moving average signals with white measurement noises and an AR‐colored measurement noise, a multi‐stage information fusion identification method is presented when model parameters and noise variances are partially unknown. The local estimators of model parameters and noise variances are obtained by the multidimensional recursive instrumental variable algorithm and correlation method, and the fused estimators are obtained by taking the average of the local estimators. They have the strong consistency. Substituting them into the optimal information fusion Kalman filter weighted by scalars, a self‐tuning fusion Kalman filter for multi‐channel AR moving average signals is presented. Applying the dynamic error system analysis method, it is proved that the proposed self‐tuning fusion Kalman filter converges to the optimal fusion Kalman filter in a realization, so that it has asymptotic optimality. A simulation example for a target tracking system with three sensors shows its effectiveness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative Katalyse mit dem stöchiometrischen Oxidans als Reagens: eine effiziente Strategie für Einelektronentransfer‐induzierte Anion‐Radikal‐Tandemreaktionen
Authors: Kafka František , Holan Martin , Hidasová Denisa , Pohl Radek , Císařová Ivana , Klepetářová Blanka , Jahn Ullrich 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOxidative katalytische Einelektronentransfer‐Tandemprozesse aus konjugierten Additions‐ und Radikalreaktionen, die das notwendige stöchiometrische Oxidans als Funktionalität im Produkt einbauen, werden vorgestellt.
Oxidative Catalysis Using the Stoichiometric Oxidant as a Reagent: An Efficient Strategy for Single‐Electron‐Transfer‐Induced Tandem Anion–Radical Reactions
Authors: Kafka František , Holan Martin , Hidasová Denisa , Pohl Radek , Císařová Ivana , Klepetářová Blanka , Jahn Ullrich 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOxidative single‐electron transfer‐catalyzed tandem reactions consisting of a conjugate addition and a radical cyclization are reported, which incorporate the mandatory terminal oxidant as a functionality into the product.
Bone Modeling Patterns and Morphometric Craniofacial Variation in Individuals From Two Prehistoric Human Populations From Argentina
Authors: Brachetta Aporta Natalia , Martinez‐Maza Cayetana , Gonzalez Paula N. , Bernal Valeria 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTNative human populations from South America display high levels of craniofacial variation encompassing gracile and robust skulls. Nevertheless, the processes of bone modeling by which morphological variation among populations were attained, remain poorly understood. Here we analyze the relationship between patterns of bone formation and resorption and morphometric variation in the upper face of adults belonging to farmers and hunter‐gatherers from northwestern and south Argentina. Our analyses reveal a common pattern of bone modeling of the malar bone characterized by the presence of formation areas. Thus, the larger size and greater development of malar bone exhibited by hunter‐gatherers would be linked to a greater magnitude of bone formation activity. Conversely, the glabella and the superciliary arch presented both formation and resorption areas with a variable distribution among individuals. In the extreme corresponding to more robust morphologies, the great development of the glabella is related to the presence of large formation fields, both in the upper region and toward the frontonasal suture. The less robust morphologies show resorption fields at the upper margin of the glabella, which would contribute to the weaker development of this region. The superciliary arch showed a complex relationship between its morphometric and histological variation; the individuals located at both extremes of the shape space presented large resorption areas located on its upper margin. Overall, our results show the existence of intraspecific variation in the patterns of bone modeling in the human upper face. Anat Rec, 297:1829–1838, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rezeptorenaffinität ekliptisch fixierter Tryptamin‐ und Serotonin Analoga
Authors: Rehse Klaus , Peetsch Rainer , Kehr Wolfgang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSechs 3‐Indolyl‐bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan‐2‐amine und sechs 3‐Indolyl‐1,4:5,8‐perhydrodimethanonaphthalin‐2‐amine, in denen die ekliptische Konformation von Tryptamin‐, 5‐Methoxytryptamin‐ und 5‐Hydroxytryptaminstrukturen sterisch fixiert ist, wurden dargestellt. Die Tryptaminanaloga 12a–14a zeigen hohe und spezifische Affinität zu neuronalen 5‐HT‐2‐Rezeptoren während die Serotoinananaloga 16–19 hochgradige (IC50 < 1 μmol/l) und spezifische Affinität zum 5‐HT‐1‐Rezeptor zeigen. Thrombocytäre Serotoninrezeptoren werden nicht beeinflußt.
Phosphorus Pentoxide in Organic Synthesis XXXII: A New Synthesis of Quipazine and Its N‐Methyl Derivatives
Authors: Jensen Jørgen A. , Pedersen Erik B. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract2‐(4‐Methyl‐1‐piperazinyl)quinolines 1 were prepared by heating acetanilides and N, N‐dialkylformamides with a mixture of P2O5 and N‐methylpiperazine at 250°. Quipazine was obtained by von Braun degradation of 1a to N‐cyano‐N′‐(2‐quinolyl)piperazine (2) and hydrolysis in sulfuric acid.
Reduction and Determination of 1‐[2‐Phenyl‐2‐(hydroxyimino)‐ethyl]‐6‐methylquinolinium Chloride on the Dropping Mercury Electrode
Authors: Karljiković‐Rajić K. , Stanković B. , Korićanac Z. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe polarographic behavior of 1‐[2‐phenyl‐2‐(hydroxyimino)ethyl]‐6‐methylquinolinium chloride has been investigated. The pH of the Britton‐Robinson buffer, used as supporting electrolyte, influences the position of the half‐wave potential which shifts towards more negative values with increasing pH. Well defined, diffusively controlled cathodic waves were observed in acid medium for the overall irreversible reduction of the azomethine group to a primary amino group. A single four‐electron reduction is obtained and a mechanism has been proposed for the reduction. The ratio id/c remains constant and allows a rapid and reproducible determination of the compound (CV = 0.54–2.10 %).
Synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo[3′,4′: 3,4] [1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐b]indole derivatives and 3‐substituted 5‐ethyl‐H‐1,2,4‐triazino[5,6‐b] Indole
Authors: Younes Mansour I. , Abdel‐Alim Abdel‐Alim M. , Abbas Hessan H. , Metwally Saoud A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract5‐Ethyl‐3‐hydrazino‐5H‐1,2,4‐triazino|5,6‐b|indole (2) reacts with aromatic aldehydes in anhydrous ethanol to yield substituted arylidene‐(5‐ethyl‐5H‐1,2,4‐triazino|5,6‐b|indol‐3‐yl)hydrazones 3. Treatment of 3 with excess SOCl2 gave 10‐ethyl‐1‐aryl‐10H‐| 1,2,4]triazolo|3′,4′:3,4| 1,2,4|triazino|5,6‐b|indoles 4, while the reaction of 2 with CS2 in methanolic KOH afforded 10‐ethyl‐2,10‐dihydro‐1 H‐| 1,2,4|triazolo|3′,4′3,4‖ 1,2,4|triazino|5,6‐b|indol‐1‐thione (5). Fusion of 1 with aromatic amines leads to 3‐(arylamino)‐5‐ethyl‐5H‐1,2,4‐triazino|5,6‐b|indoles 6, whereas the reaction of 1 with alkyl or aralkyl halides in anhydrous acetone and in the presence of anhydrous K2CO3 results in the alkylation of the thiol group to give the alkylthio or aralkylthio derivatives 7.
Transformation of Secoiridoid Glucosides to Pyridine Alkaloids
Authors: Willems Michael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTreatment of secoiridoid glucosides from fruits of Ligustrum vulgare L.1) with 5 % H2SO4 and subsequently with NH3 results in up to 12 spots on TLC which give positive tests for alkaloids. Four of these compounds have been isolated. LA 1 (1), LA 2 (2) and LA 6 (3) are new pyridine alkaloids, LA 12 (4) is identical with jasminine, previously isolated from a number of Jasminum species, Ligustrum novoguineense Lingelsheim2) and Olea paniculata R. Br.3).
Biochemisch‐pharmakologische Untersuchungen pflanzlicher Arzneistoffe, 3. Mitt.: Hemmwirkung von Phenylpropanderivaten auf eine esterolytische Protease in vitro
Authors: Gracza L. , Ruff P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDrei Phenylpropanderivate von Symphyti herba bzw. vier Flavonoide aus Asari folium wurden auf ihre antiproteolytische Aktivität geprüft. Die Phenylpropanderivate zeigen eine ausgeprägte Hemmwirkung gegenüber Trypsin, wobei die Aktivität in der Reinhenfolge Rosmarin‐ > Chlorogen‐ > und Kaffeesäure abnimmt. Die Flavonoide sind unwirksam. – Die Resultate wurden mit ihrer relativen adstringierenden bzw. mit der Hemmwirkung auf Lipidoxidation verglichen, die Relevanz der Befunde wird für die Wirkung antiinflammatorisch wirkender, Rosmarinsäure‐haltiger Arzneipflanzen diskutiert.
Effects of stimulation frequency and intensity in sacral neuromodulation on anorectal inputs to the somatosensory cortex in an experimental model
Authors: Evers J , Devane L , Carrington E V , Scott S M , Knowles C H , O'Connell P R , Jones J F X 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Although sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an established treatment for faecal incontinence, stimulation parameters have been derived empirically and only one frequency (14 Hz) is employed clinically. The aim of this study was to test a range of stimulation frequencies to establish an optimal frequency of SNM for maximum augmentation of anal canal cortical evoked potentials (EPs) in an animal model.

Methods
In female Wistar rats, anal canal EPs were recorded over the primary somatosensory cortex using a flexible multielectrode array, and the effect of SNM was studied. SNM was applied at 0·1–100 Hz and a frequency response curve plotted. The data were fitted to a quadratic equation.

Results
The magnitude of potentiation of anal canal EPs caused by SNM depended significantly on stimulation frequency (P &lt; 0·001). The frequency–potentiation relationship was parabolic in form, with a clear optimum at 2 Hz. The SNM must be applied for at least 3 min. The theoretical maximal potentiation predicted by the model was not found to be statistically different to actual data recorded (P = 0·514–0·814). The response depended on stimulation amplitude in an ‘all-or-nothing’ fashion. EPs were augmented when the SNM intensity was 0·5 times the motor threshold to tail twitch or greater, but values below this intensity failed to affect the EPs.

Conclusion
The effect of SNM in this animal model is governed principally by frequency, with an optimum of 2 Hz. If animal data can be translated to humans, optimization of SNM frequency may offer a clinically relevant improvement in the efficacy of SNM.
Thou Shalt Not Covet Another Man? Exploring Constructions of Same‐Sex and Different‐Sex Infidelity Using Story Completion
Authors: Clarke Victoria , Braun Virginia , Wooles Kate 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study explores conceptualisations of same‐ versus different‐sex infidelity in the context of a heterosexual marriage using story completion. A convenience sample of 57 female and male participants completed one of four versions of a story stem featuring a husband who is either emotionally or sexually unfaithful with a woman or a man. A social constructionist thematic analysis found that same‐sex infidelity was conceptualised as the ‘worst case scenario’ and was underpinned by a heteronormative framing of repressed homosexuality. By contrast, heterosexual infidelity was understood in terms of relational deficits and the wife assuming responsibility for these. Overall, the analysis shows that in making sense of same‐sex and heterosexual infidelity, the participants drew on familiar discourses of sexuality and gender, suggesting that despite social psychological theorising related to sexual fluidity, essentialist ideas remain firmly in place. Methodologically, the study demonstrates the usefulness of a rarely used tool—the story completion task—for accessing socio‐cultural discourses and dominant meanings surrounding a particular topic. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic sprites: artistic authoring of interactive animations
Authors: Jones Ben , Popovic Jovan , McCann James , Li Wilmot , Bargteil Adam 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTraditional methods for creating dynamic objects and characters from static drawings involve careful tweaking of animation curves and/or simulation parameters. Sprite sheets offer a more drawing‐centric solution, but they do not encode timing information or the logic that determines how objects should transition between poses and cannot generalize outside the given drawings. We present an approach for creating dynamic sprites that leverages sprite sheets while addressing these limitations. In our system, artists create a drawing, deform it to specify a small number of example poses, and indicate which poses can be interpolated. To make the object move, we design a procedural simulation to navigate the pose manifold in response to external or user‐controlled forces. Powerful artistic control is achieved by allowing the artist to specify both the pose manifold and how it is navigated, while physics is leveraged to provide timing and generality. We used our method to create sprites with a range of different dynamic properties. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paenilarvins: Iturin Family Lipopeptides from the Honey Bee Pathogen Paenibacillus larvae
Authors: Sood Sakshi , Steinmetz Heinrich , Beims Hannes , Mohr Kathrin I. , Stadler Marc , Djukic Marvin , von der Ohe Werner , Steinert Michael , Daniel Rolf , Müller Rolf 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe bacterium Paenibacillus larvae has been extensively studied as it is an appalling honey bee pathogen. In the present work, we screened crude extracts derived from fermentations of P. larvae genotypes ERIC I and II for antimicrobial activity, following the detection of four putative secondary metabolite gene clusters that show high sequence homology to known biosynthetic gene clusters for the biosynthesis of antibiotics. Low molecular weight metabolites produced by P. larvae have recently been shown to have toxic effects on honey bee larvae. Moreover, a novel tripeptide, sevadicin, was recently characterized from laboratory cultures of P. larvae. In this study, paenilarvins, which are iturinic lipopeptides exhibiting strong antifungal activities, were obtained by bioassay‐guided fractionation from cultures of P. larvae, genotype ERIC II. Their molecular structures were determined by extensive 2D NMR spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectrometry, and other methods. Paenilarvins are the first antifungal secondary metabolites to be identified from P. larvae. In preliminary experiments, these lipopeptides also affected honey bee larvae and might thus play a role in P. larvae survival and pathogenesis. However, further studies are needed to investigate their function.
Cyclopropane Pipecolic Acids as Templates for Linear and Cyclic Peptidomimetics: Application in the Synthesis of an Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD)‐Containing Peptide as an αvβ3 Integrin Ligand
Authors: Sernissi Lorenzo , Petrović Martina , Scarpi Dina , Guarna Antonio , Trabocchi Andrea , Bianchini Francesca , Occhiato Ernesto G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe synthesis and evaluation of substituted cyclopropane pipecolic acids (CPA) as conformationally restricted templates for linear and cyclic peptidomimetics is reported. A variety of differently substituted (poly)hydroxy‐ and amino‐2‐azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane‐1‐carboxylic acids were prepared by means of the Pd‐catalyzed methoxycarbonylation of suitably functionalized lactam‐derived enol phosphates, followed by OH‐directed cyclopropanation. CPAs were successfully introduced into a linear peptide sequence to assess the cis/trans isomerism about the pipecolic acid peptide bond, and in a cyclic peptidomimetic that bore the Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) sequence, which displayed nanomolar activity as antagonist of the αvβ3 integrin in M21 human melanoma cells. Thus, CPAs appear to be suitable for the generation of novel peptidomimetics for drug discovery.
Glycerol as Suitable Solvent for the Synthesis of Metallic Species and Catalysis
Authors: Chahdoura Faouzi , Favier Isabelle , Gómez Montserrat 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis Minireview considers the foremost reported works involving glycerol as a solvent in the synthesis of organometallic complexes and metallic nanoparticles. This analysis highlights their catalytic applications. A special emphasis is devoted to the ability of glycerol to immobilize nanometric species, which, in turn, enables an efficient recycling of the catalytic phase to give metal‐free organic products.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallographic and Magnetic Structure of the Perovskite‐Type Compound BaFeO2.5: Unrivaled Complexity in Oxygen Vacancy Ordering.
Authors: Clemens Oliver , et al. et al. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe vacancy‐ordered perovskite‐type structure of BaFeO2.5 is characterized by means of a combined Rietveld analysis of powder X‐ray and neutron diffraction data.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐AgI3O8 and β‐AgI3O8 with Large SHG Responses: Polymerization of IO3 Groups into the I3O8 Polyiodate Anion.
Authors: Xu Xiang , Hu Chun‐Li , Li Bing‐Xuan , Yang Bing‐Ping , Mao Jiang‐Gao 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe noncentrosymmetric isomeric polyiodates α‐AgI3O8 (I) and β‐AgI3O8 (II) are prepared by hydrothermal reactions of AgNO3 with I2O5 in molar ratios of 1:160 and 1:16, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Atmosphere Controlled Processing of Ga‐Substituted Garnets for High Li‐Ion Conductivity Ceramics.
Authors: Bernuy‐Lopez Carlos , Manalastas William Jr. , Lopez del Amo Juan Miguel , Aguadero Ainara , Aguesse Frederic , Kilner John A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLa3Zr2Li7‐3xGax□2x O12 garnets (□: vacancy) are prepared by a citric nitrate gel route using Ga2O3, La(NO3)3, Zr(C5H7O2)4, and LiNO3 in stoichiometric quantities (1.
ChemInform Abstract: New μ‐SnTe4 and μ‐Sn2Te6 Ligands to Transition Metal: Solvothermal Syntheses and Characterizations of Zinc Tellurostannates Containing Polyamine Ligands.
Authors: Lu Jialin , Wang Fang , Shen Yali , Tang Chunying , Zhang Yong , Jia Dingxian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCompounds (IV)—(VII) are solvothermally synthesized in the presence of iodide ions.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Hydrothermal Crystal Growth, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Ternary U(IV) Containing Fluorides: LiUF5, KU2F9, K7U6F31, RbUF5, RbU2F9, and RbU3F13.
Authors: Yeon Jeongho , Smith Mark D. , Tapp Joshua , Moeller Angela , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUranium in (I) is reduced from U6+ to U4+ in the presence of Cu(OAc)2.
ChemInform Abstract: Springloaded Porphyrin NHC Hybrid Rhodium(III) Complexes: Carbene Dissociation and Oxidation Catalysis.
Authors: Olguin Juan , Mueller‐Bunz Helge , Albrecht Martin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSeveral title complexes are synthesized and their catalytic activity is investigated in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and RHC shows the best activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Reusable Supported Ruthenium Catalysts for the Alkylation of Amines by Using Primary Alcohols.
Authors: Pei Shan Siah , Dang Tuan Thanh , Seayad Abdul Majeed , Ramalingam Balamurugan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA number of polystyrene‐ and silica‐supported phosphine ligands are tested in the Ru‐catalyzed alkylation of primary and secondary amines with alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Induced Cyanation of Aza‐Baylis—Hillman Adducts: A Michael Type Addition.
Authors: Srivastava Vishnu P. , Yadav Arvind K. , Yadav Lal Dhar S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe first example of the title reaction using air as an economical oxidant and Tms‐CN as cyanide source is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: An Eco‐Benign and Highly Efficient Procedure for N‐Acylation Catalyzed by Heteropolyanion‐Based Ionic Liquids Using Carboxylic Acid under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Chen Zhikai , Fu Renzhong , Chai Wen , Zheng Hao , Sun Lin , Lu Qiang , Yuan Rongxin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis N‐acylation of amines uses a heteropolyanion‐based ionic liquid as catalyst under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Controlled α‐ and β‐Arylation of Acyclic N‐Boc Amines.
Authors: Millet Anthony , Dailler David , Larini Paolo , Baudoin Olivier 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA sequence of directed α‐lithiation, transmetalation with zinc, and Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling leads to either α‐ or β‐arylated Boc‐protected amines.