bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Regulation of Mechanical Loading‐Induced Compensatory Muscle Hypertrophy
Authors: Adams Gregory R. , Bamman Marcas M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn mammalian systems, skeletal muscle exists in a dynamic state that monitors and regulates the physiological investment in muscle size to meet the current level of functional demand. This review attempts to consolidate current knowledge concerning development of the compensatory hypertrophy that occurs in response to a sustained increase in the mechanical loading of skeletal muscle. Topics covered include: defining and measuring compensatory hypertrophy, experimental models, loading stimulus parameters, acute responses to increased loading, hyperplasia, myofiber‐type adaptations, the involvement of satellite cells, mRNA translational control, mechanotransduction, and endocrinology. The authors conclude with their impressions of current knowledge gaps in the field that are ripe for future study. © 2012 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol2:2829‐2870, 2012.
Step‐up/step‐down DC‐DC converter with near zero input/output current ripples
Authors: Ismail‎ Esam H. , Fardoun Abbas A. , Zerai Adel A. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTA novel single switch two diode wide conversion ratio step down/up converter is presented. The proposed converter is derived from the conventional single‐ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) topology, and it can operate as a capacitor‐diode voltage multiplier, which offers simple structure, reduced electromagnetic interference (EMI), and reduced semiconductor voltage stress. The main advantages of the proposed converter are the continuous input/output current, higher voltage conversion ratio, and near‐zero input and output current ripples compared with the conventional SEPIC converter. The absence of both a transformer and an extreme duty cycle permits the proposed converter to operate at high switching frequencies. Hence, the overall advantages will be: higher efficiency, reduced size and weight, simpler structure and control. The theoretical analysis results obtained with the proposed structure are compared with the conventional SEPIC topology. The performance of the proposed converter is verified through computer simulations and experimental results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transition‐Metal Complexes Containing the Dinucleating Tetra‐N‐Dentate 3,5‐Bis(2‐pyridyl)pyrazole (Hbpp) Ligand – A Robust Scaffold for Multiple Applications Including the Catalytic Oxidation of Water to Molecular Oxygen
Authors: García‐Antón Jordi , Bofill Roger , Escriche Lluís , Llobet Antoni , Sala Xavier 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA large diversity of transition‐metal complexes bearing the dinucleating tetra‐N‐dentate ligand 3,5‐bis(2‐pyridyl)pyrazole (Hbpp) is described. Hbpp is a compartamental ligand and can allow the formation of both mononuclear and dinuclear complexes bridged by the pyrazolate unit of the Hbpp. Furthermore, a slightly related ligand even allows the preparation of tetranuclear complexes. This large family of complexes has been shown to have multiple applications in diverse areas of science, from basic coordination properties to catalysis. From the former perspective phenomena such as linkage isomerization, intrasupramolecular interactions, and exciting magnetic properties have been described. In the field of catalyis it has been shown that this family of complexes is active in a range of reactions, including alcohol oxidation, epoxidation, hydrogen transfer, and water oxidation.
Ligand‐Induced Distortions and Magneto‐Structural Correlations in a Family of Dinuclear Spin Crossover Compounds with Bipyridyl‐Like Bridging Ligands
Authors: de Gaetano Yannick , Jeanneau Erwann , Verat Alexander Yu. , Rechignat Lionel , Bousseksou Azzedine , Matouzenko Galina S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a new series of dinuclear compounds [{Fe(dpia)(NCBH3)2}2(A)], where dpia = di(2‐picolyl)amine, A = 4,4′‐bipyridine (1), 1,2‐di(4‐pyridyl)ethyne (bpac) (2), or 1,2‐di(4‐pyridyl)ethane (bpen) (3), are reported. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements of the three compounds show that they have different magnetic properties. Compound 1 exhibits a relatively cooperative two‐step spin crossover (SCO) behavior. A short plateau at 210 K separates two steps and conforms to about 50 % of the complexes undergoing a thermal spin conversion. Compounds 2 and 3 present gradual full one‐step spin transitions. The thermodynamic parameters of 1–3, obtained through the fitting of the magnetic data with the regular solution model, are compared with those for similar dinuclear SCO compounds. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure of 1 was solved at three temperatures, 290 K, 211 K, and 110 K, corresponding to three spin‐state isomers, namely [HS–HS], [HS–LS], and [LS–LS]. At the plateau temperature, both HS (high spin) and LS (low spin) sites in the mixed pair are unresolved and only an average Fe–N bond length was obtained. The structural characteristics and magnetic behavior of the new two‐step SCO compound 1 are in full agreement with magneto–structural correlations for previously reported related dinuclear SCO compounds. This analysis confirms the validity of a recently proposed mechanism responsible for three types of SCO in dinuclear compounds (one‐step, two‐step, and partial 50 % transition).
Epidemiological and molecular characterization of rubella virus isolated in São Paulo, Brazil during 1997–2004
Authors: Figueiredo C.A. , Oliveira M.I. , Curti S.P. , Afonso A.M.S. , Frugis YU A.L. , Araújo J. , Oliveira D.B. , Durigon E.L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRubella virus (RV) infection during the early stages of pregnancy can lead to serious birth defects, known as the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). In 2003, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) adopted a resolution calling for the elimination of rubella and the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the Americas by the year 2010. Brazil will have implemented the recommended PAHO strategy for elimination and interruption of endemic rubella virus transmission. The characterization of genotypes during the final stages of rubella elimination is important for determining whether new rubella isolates represent endemic transmission or importations. Samples (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and throat swabs) collected from patients with symptoms suggestive of rubella infection in 1997–2004 were isolated in cell culture and genotyped. Twenty‐eight sequences were analyzed and two genotypes were identified: 1a and 1G. The information reported in this paper will contribute to understanding the molecular epidemiology of RV in São Paulo, Brazil. J. Med. Virol. 84:1831–1838, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interannual variability of rainfall over the Arabian Peninsula using the IPCC AR4 Global Climate Models
Authors: Almazroui Mansour , Abid M. Adnan , Athar H. , Islam M. Nazrul , Ehsan M. Azhar 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe interannual rainfall variability derived from the 22 Global Climate Model (GCM) simulations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) for the duration 1979–2000 is analysed and compared with the gridded observed dataset over the Arabian Peninsula. The annual cycle of the rainfall derived from these models is validated for the entire Arabian Peninsula, and separately for its two sub‐regions, named northern and southern Arabian Peninsula. The spatial patterns of the rainfall and the mean sea level pressure are analysed to judge the ability of the models to simulate the mean climatology of the Peninsula. This analysis reveals that out of the 22 IPCC AR4 GCM multi‐model datasets, only one group (composed of 5 models) is relatively better than all the others in simulating the interannual variability of the wet season rainfall for the northern sub‐region, and another group (also composed of 5 models) is likewise for the dry season rainfall climatology of the southern sub‐region, compared with the gridded dataset. The above two groups of models tend to fall within one‐sigma standard deviation of the mean seasonal rainfall derived from the gridded dataset. Moreover, only one model [CCCMA‐CGCM3 (T47) from Canada] is found to be relatively better in simulating the rainfall climatology for both the wet and the dry seasons (i.e. for the northern and the southern sub‐regions) simultaneously, compared with the observed data.
Rapid analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soil by matrix solid‐phase dispersion using bamboo charcoal as dispersive sorbent
Authors: Yuan Jin‐Peng , Zhao Ru‐Song , Cheng Chuan‐Ge , Wang Xiao‐Li , Cui Zhao‐Jie 
Published: September 2012

An expeditious and sensitive method for the analysis of eight major polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soil is presented in this study. The method is based on matrix solid‐phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction and gas chromatography with negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Bamboo charcoal, a cheap and potentially useful material, was selected for the first time as the MSPD dispersive sorbent. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including the ratio of sorbent to sample, and the type and amount of eluent, were investigated and optimized in detail. Under optimal conditions, the spiked recovery of the PBDEs was in the range 71.7–105.9%, and the limits of detection varied from 10 to 400 pg g−1 (dry weight). Excellent linearity with correlation coefficients (r2) of 0.9992–0.9999 was obtained over the concentration range of 0.10–500 ng g−1, except for BDE‐209, for which the effective concentration range was 1.0–5000 ng g−1. The developed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of PBDEs in real soil samples.
Retrospective evaluation of laboratory‐based diagnostic tools for cervical necrotizing fasciitis
Authors: Thomas Andrew J. , Meyer Tanya K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) is challenging to diagnose and associated with high morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the utility of two laboratory‐based diagnostic tools for distinguishing necrotizing from non‐necrotizing infection when specifically applied to neck infection.Study Design:Retrospective review.Methods:We reviewed 17 consecutive cases of CNF and 70 cases of non‐necrotizing neck infection (cellulitis, phlegmon, abscess) occurring at our institution over a 10.75‐year period. Cervical necrotizing fasciitis was confirmed by operative report documentation. Patient demographics, presenting characteristics, and outcomes were recorded.Results:Use of white blood cell count and serum sodium levels to predict cervical necrotizing fasciitis had a sensitivity of 24% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.078‐0.502), specificity of 81% (95% CI, 0.688‐0.889), positive predictive value of 23% (95% CI, 0.054‐0.401), and negative predictive value of 81% (95% CI, 0.769‐0.857). A Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score of ≥ 6 had a sensitivity of 56% (95% CI, 0.227‐0.847), specificity of 60% (95% CI, 0.274‐0.863), positive predictive value of 25% (95% CI, 0.072‐0.433), and negative predictive value of 85% (95% CI, 0.733‐0.962).Conclusions:Neither the LRINEC score nor the use of admission white blood cell count and sodium level were useful for distinguishing cervical necrotizing fasciitis from non‐necrotizing neck infection.
Triacylglycerol polymorphism is a stereochemical phenomenon
Authors: Craven R. John , Lencki Robert W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractUnit‐cell stereochemistry for triacylglycerols in β′ (beta prime here and throughout) and β forms has been compared using data from studies of phase behavior for enantiomeric mixtures and space group determinations. The β′ form has a unit cell containing one stereoisomer and the β form has a unit cell containing both stereoisomers. As a result, the crystallization and polymorphic behavior for achiral, chiral‐racemic, and chiral‐enantiopure triacylglycerols is remarkably different. Accordingly, any plausible mechanism for TAG polymorphism must take unit cell stereochemistry into account.
Epoxy Resin Nanofibers Prepared Using Electrospun Core/Sheath Nanofibers as Templates
Authors: Wang Xia , Zhang Wen‐Jing , Yu Deng‐Guang , Li Xiao‐Yan , Yang Hao 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA strategy is described to prepare epoxy resin nanofibers by combining coaxial electrospinning and traditional hot‐curing processes. Core/sheath nanofibers with diameters of 480 ± 80 nm are prepared at flow rates of 0.1 and 2 mL h−1 for the core (20% w/v EP and 6% w/v curing agent in ethanol/acetone) and sheath (10% PVP in ethanol) fluids. After the curing of the nanofibers and selective removal of the sheath PVP, EP nanofibers with an average diameter of 210 ± 60 nm are obtained. ATR‐FTIR analysis shows that the EP nanofibers display no obvious difference compared with an EP film cast from the core solution. The method presented allows to develop functional EP nanoproducts and to prepare heat‐cured resin nanofibers. magnified image
High fat food increases gastric residence and thus thresholds for objective symptoms in allergic patients
Authors: Mackie Alan , Knulst Andre , Le Thuy‐My , Bures Peter , Salt Louise , Mills E.N. Clare , Malcolm Paul , Andreou Adrian , Ballmer‐Weber Barbara K. 
Published: September 2012

ScopeWe have tested the hypothesis that high fat foods such as chocolate induce reduced rates of gastric emptying in comparison to lower fat foods and that this can impact uptake of allergens and subsequent reactions in allergic patients.Methods and resultsIn four volunteers, magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure gastric emptying of a series of nine doses of either dark chocolate bars containing 35% fat or a chocolate dessert containing 8% fat. Analysis showed a mean rate of decrease in gastric volume with an 8% fat dessert was 0.33 ± 0.09 mL/min compared to an average rate of increase in gastric volume of 0.09 ± 0.10 mL/min for the chocolate bars. In parallel, eight allergic patients were challenged for either peanut or hazelnut in the same two matrices and doses using a standardized protocol. A statistical analysis of the objective symptoms in the allergic patients showed that the chocolate bars gave a significantly higher threshold for objective symptoms than the dessert.ConclusionsChocolate bars induced lower gastric emptying rates and in food challenges with allergic patients gave a higher threshold of elicitation for objective reactions than a dessert.
Ikaros (IKZF1) alterations and minimal residual disease at day 15 assessed by flow cytometry predict prognosis of childhood BCR/ABL‐negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Volejnikova Jana , Mejstrikova Ester , Dörge Petra , Meissner Barbara , Zimmermannova Olga , Svojgr Karel , Stanulla Martin , Cario Gunnar , Schrappe Martin , Stary Jan , Hrusak Ondrej , Trka Jan , Fronkova Eva 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundRecently, several studies have demonstrated a negative prognostic impact of Ikaros (IKZF1) gene alterations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, controversies still exist regarding the impact of IKZF1 in current treatment protocols.ProcedureWe simultaneously detected IKZF1 gene deletions by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification and gene expression of IKZF1 isoforms in 206 children with BCR/ABL‐negative ALL treated with ALL IC‐BFM 2002 protocol, in which risk stratification was not based on minimal residual disease (MRD), and validated the results on a cohort of 189 patients treated with MRD‐directed ALL‐BFM 2000 protocol.ResultsDeletion of IKZF1 was present in 14 of 206 (7%) ALL IC patients. Interestingly, gene expression did not completely correlate with the deletion status in either cohort. Deletions were not always reflected in the gene expression of dominant‐negative isoforms, and conversely, 7 of 395 (2%) non‐deleted cases overexpressed dominant‐negative isoform Ik6. IKZF1 deletions significantly affected event‐free survival (EFS) of the ALL IC cohort (41 ± 14% vs. 86 ± 3%, P < 0.0001). Regarding IKZF1 isoforms, only Ik6 overexpression had negative prognostic impact (EFS 50 ± 16% vs. 85 ± 3%, P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, which included ALL IC risk criteria, flow‐cytometric MRD and IKZF1 alterations, day 15 MRD and IKZF1 deletion status displayed an independent prognostic impact.ConclusionsWe show that MRD‐directed treatment diminishes prognostic impact of IKZF1 alterations. However, IKZF1 status alone or combined with day 15 flow cytometry can significantly improve risk stratification within BFM protocols at centers that do not perform antigen‐receptor‐based MRD monitoring. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 420–427. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Depression, anxiety and positive affect in people diagnosed with low‐grade tumours: the role of illness perceptions
Authors: Keeling Melanie , Bambrough Jacki , Simpson Jane 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectivePeople with low‐grade brain tumour experience a range of emotional, behavioural and psychosocial consequences. Using Leventhal's self‐regulation model to explore biopsychosocial factors associated with distress, we examine the relationships between illness perceptions, coping and depression, anxiety and positive affect.MethodsA cross‐sectional, self‐report study in which 74 people (54% women) diagnosed with a low‐grade brain tumour completed the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire‐Revised was conducted. Mean time since diagnosis was 27.69 months (SD = 19.79). Mean age was 38.30 years (SD = 10.67). The Illness Perceptions Questionnaire‐Revised, in addition to clinical, demographic and coping variables previously associated with psychological distress, was used to predict three psychological outcomes: depression, anxiety and positive affect.ResultsHierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that a biopsychosocial causal attribution was a significant predictor of anxiety and depression. Illness identity also emerged as a significant predictor of depression scores. Coping through self‐blame was the only coping variable to emerge as a significant predictor of anxiety scores. A combination of coping through venting, acceptance, positive reframing, denial, behavioural disengagement and self‐blame contributed to the variance in all three psychological outcome scores. No illness perception variables significantly predicted positive affect.ConclusionsIllness perceptions play a significant role in emotional distress experienced by people with low‐grade brain tumours. Illness perceptions did not play a significant role in positive affect. Coping variables were shown to significantly contribute to the scores on all three psychological outcomes. Results suggest interventions targeted at modifying illness perceptions and enhancing problem‐focused coping strategies may reduce psychological distress. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of an expressive writing intervention on cancer‐related distress in Danish breast cancer survivors — results from a nationwide randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jensen‐Johansen M. B. , Christensen S. , Valdimarsdottir H. , Zakowski S. , Jensen A. B. , Bovbjerg D. H. , Zachariae R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effects of an expressive writing intervention (EWI) on cancer‐related distress, depressive symptoms, and mood in women treated for early stage breast cancer.MethodsA nationwide sample of 507 Danish women who had recently completed treatment for primary breast cancer were randomly assigned to three 20‐min home‐based writing exercises, one week apart, focusing on either emotional disclosure (EWI group) or a non‐emotional topic (control group). Cancer‐related distress [Impact of Event Scale (IES)], depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory—Short Form), and negative (37‐item Profile of Moods State) and positive mood (Passive Positive Mood Scale) were assessed at baseline and at 3 and 9 months post‐intervention. Choice of writing topic (cancer versus other), alexithymia (20‐item Toronto Alexithymia Scale), and social constraints (Social Constraints Scale) were included as possible moderators.ResultsSignificant (p < 0.01) group differences in mood change from before to immediately after each session suggested successful manipulation. Reductions over time in psychological symptoms were seen in both groups (p < 0.05), but no time × group interactions were found. Choice of writing topic moderated effects on IES, with women writing about other themes showing greater reductions in cancer‐related avoidance than women writing about their cancer. Fewer depressive symptoms and higher levels of positive mood were seen 3 months post‐intervention in women writing about their cancer when compared with the control group. Difficulties describing feelings and externally oriented thinking (20‐item Toronto Alexithymia Scale) moderated effects on positive mood and IES‐total, while no moderating effects were found of social constraints.ConclusionsIn concordance with the majority of previous results with cancer patients, no main effects of EWI were found for cancer‐related distress, depressive symptoms, and mood. Moderator analyses suggested that choice of writing topic and ability to process emotional experiences should be studied further. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hemoptysis from bronchial varices associated with pulmonary vein stenosis: Role of surgical repair
Authors: Walsh A. , Canny G. , McMahon C.J. , Redmond J.M. , McNally P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe present the case of a 6‐year‐old child who presented with an episode of life threatening hemoptysis. Investigations revealed multiple areas of endobronchial varices and abnormal pleural vessels as well as severe left pulmonary vein stenosis and an atrial septal defect (ASD). After extensive work up and consultation he underwent repair of the left pulmonary vein using a sutureless technique and ASD closure. This resulted in a marked improvement in the appearances of the left lung. The bronchial varices in the right lung remain unchanged. No further hemoptysis has occurred and the child continues to be monitored. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:838–840. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.