bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferromagnetism in Nanocrystalline Powders and Thin Films of Cobalt-Vanadium co-doped Zinc Oxide
Authors: Gálvez-Saldaña Marco , Montes-Albino Gina , Perales-Perez Oscar 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTA systematic study was carried out to determine the effect of the composition and annealing atmosphere (air and N2) on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of pure, doped and co-doped ZnO [Zn(1-y)(CoV)yO] nanocrystalline powders and films. The (Co+V) doping level, ‘y’, was fixed at 2 at% with variable individual concentrations of Co and V species. Powders and films were synthesized via a sol-gel approach where the films were grown on silicon (100) substrates. X-ray diffractometry verified the formation of the ZnO host structure after annealing of the precursor phases. The variation of the average crystallite size of Co-V (2 at.%) ZnO powders annealed in air at 500°C were negligible and averaged 33 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements of powder corroborated the formation of high-quality ZnO host structure, as well as in films annealed in air. In turn, XRD and PL measurements confirmed an enhanced crystallinity of the ZnO host, with an average crystallite size of 41 nm, for films annealed at 500°C under a N2 atmosphere. M-H measurements evidenced a ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature in powders and films that was dependent on the type and amount of the dopant species.
Electrical Characterization of Electrochemically Grown ZnO Nanorods using STM
Authors: Suzuki Yuji , Ibheanacho Bright , Ahnood Arman , Kathirgamanathan Poopathy , Wong William , Nathan Arokia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractZnO nanorods were grown homogenously and vertically on ITO using electrochemical techniques. The physical properties of the nanorods were characterized using SEM and optical absorption. The electrical conductivity, deduced using STM at different tip heights, and was found to be 20 Ω-cm with a carrier concentration of 3x1015 cm-3.The results show that electrochemically grown ZnO nanorods have electrical properties suitable for use in electronic devices such as solar cells and transistors. A-Si:H p-i-n solar cells were then deposited after the fabrication on the ZnO on ITO-coated substrates. The results show that the textured solar cell performance was 30% higher than the planar solar cell.
Enhanced mobility of hydrogenated MO-LPCVD ZnO contacts for high performances thin film silicon solar cells
Authors: Ding L. , Benkhaira M. , Nicolay S. , Ballif C. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIn this contribution, we study the increase in metalorganic-low pressure chemical vapor deposited (MO-LPCVD) ZnO thin films conductivity by hydrogen plasma post-treatment. We show that this improvement is linked to defect passivation at grain boundaries, decreasing the electron traps density and resulting in the almost complete suppression of the electron scattering at grain boundaries. For a 2 μm thick non-intentionally doped ZnO layer, electron mobility reaches after treatment values close to 60 cm2V-1s-1 (corresponding to an increase of 100%), with a carrier density still as low as 3 x1019 cm-3 (+1.5 x1019 cm-3). Such layers have an absorbance below 2-3% in the range of 400 to 1100 nm making them among the most transparent and conductive materials reported so far. In addition, we demonstrate that hydrogen plasma post-treated ZnO layers can be used as front electrode for producing highly transparent and conductive electrodes. Eventually, it is shown that hydrogen plasma treatment can also be used on the complete thin film solar cell stack (back contact and silicon device) to improve the cell performances.
Enhanced Light Trapping of Thin Film Si Solar Cell in Glass-Laminated Module
Authors: Sugiyama Takashi , Chonan Kousuke , Kambe Mika 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIn efforts to achieve higher efficiency of thin film Si solar cell, light trapping is one of the most important strategies in designing the cell structure. From the past studies, it is well known that TCO with a higher haze can exhibit better light trapping characteristics for a superstrate type thin film Si solar cell, while such TCO could give lower Voc and FF values caused by steep valleys in the texture of TCO. Furthermore, TCO with too high haze in a longer wavelength region could make back reflectance at the Ag rear electrode/reflector lower due to plasmonic effect on rough surface of Ag and thus reduces the efficiency of light trapping. In order to solve this contradictory behavior of light trapping in a conventional thin film Si solar cell, we have newly developed a glass-laminated module of thin film Si solar cell which has enhanced light trapping without deteriorating Voc nor high reflectance of Ag rear reflector.
High-Rate Deposition of Intrinsic a-Si:H and μc-Si:H Layers for Thin‑Film Silicon Solar Cells using a Dynamic Deposition Process
Authors: Zimmermann T. , Flikweert A. J. , Merdzhanova T. , Woerdenweber J. , Gordijn A. , Dybek K. , Stahr F. , Bartha J. W. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThin‑film silicon solar cells based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‑Si:H) and hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μc‑Si:H) absorber layers are typically deposited using static plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) processes. It has been found that the use of very‑high frequencies (VHF) is beneficial for the material quality at high deposition rates when compared to radio-frequency (RF) processes. In the present work a dynamic VHF‑PECVD technique using linear plasma sources is developed. The linear plasma sources facilitate the use of very-high excitation frequencies on large electrode areas without compromising on the homogeneity of the deposition process. It is shown that state-of-the-art a‑Si:H and μc‑Si:H single-junction solar cells can be deposited incorporating intrinsic layers grown dynamically by VHF-PECVD at 0.35 nm/s and 0.95 nm/s, respectively.
Better Glycemic Control and Weight Loss With the Novel Long-Acting Basal Insulin LY2605541 Compared With Insulin Glargine in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Rosenstock Julio , Bergenstal Richard M. , Blevins Thomas C. , Morrow Linda A. , Prince Melvin J. , Qu Yongming , Sinha Vikram P. , Howey Daniel C. , Jacober Scott J. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
To compare effects of LY2605541 versus insulin glargine on daily mean blood glucose as part of a basal-bolus regimen for type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this randomized, Phase 2, open-label, 2 × 2 crossover study, 137 patients received once-daily basal insulin (LY2605541 or glargine) plus mealtime insulin for 8 weeks, followed by crossover treatment for 8 weeks. Daily mean blood glucose was obtained from 8-point self-monitored blood glucose profiles. The noninferiority margin was 10.8 mg/dL.

RESULTS
LY2605541 met noninferiority and superiority criteria compared with insulin glargine in daily mean blood glucose (144.2 vs. 151.7 mg/dL, least squares mean difference = −9.9 mg/dL [90% CI −14.6 to −5.2], P &lt; 0.001). Fasting blood glucose variability and A1C were reduced with LY2605541 compared with insulin glargine (both P &lt; 0.001). Mealtime insulin dose decreased with LY2605541 and increased with insulin glargine. Mean weight decreased 1.2 kg with LY2605541 and increased 0.7 kg with insulin glargine (P &lt; 0.001). The total hypoglycemia rate was higher for LY2605541 (P = 0.04) and the nocturnal hypoglycemia rate was lower (P = 0.01), compared with insulin glargine. Adverse events (including severe hypoglycemia) were similar, although more gastrointestinal-related events occurred with LY2605541 (15% vs. 4%, P &lt; 0.001). Mean changes (all within normal range) were higher for alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol and lower for HDL-cholesterol with LY2605541 compared with insulin glargine (all P &lt; 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS
In type 1 diabetes, compared with insulin glargine, LY2605541, a novel, long-acting basal insulin, demonstrated greater improvements in glycemic control, increased total hypoglycemia, and reduced nocturnal hypoglycemia, as well as reduced weight and lowered mealtime insulin doses.
Closed-Loop Basal Insulin Delivery Over 36 Hours in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Elleri Daniela , Allen Janet M. , Kumareswaran Kavita , Leelarathna Lalantha , Nodale Marianna , Caldwell Karen , Cheng Peiyao , Kollman Craig , Haidar Ahmad , Murphy Helen R. , Wilinska Malgorzata E. , Acerini Carlo L. , Dunger David B. , Hovorka Roman 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
We evaluated the safety and efficacy of closed-loop basal insulin delivery during sleep and after regular meals and unannounced periods of exercise.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twelve adolescents with type 1 diabetes (five males; mean age 15.0 [SD 1.4] years; HbA1c 7.9 [0.7]%; BMI 21.4 [2.6] kg/m2) were studied at a clinical research facility on two occasions and received, in random order, either closed-loop basal insulin delivery or conventional pump therapy for 36 h. During closed-loop insulin delivery, pump basal rates were adjusted every 15 min according to a model predictive control algorithm informed by subcutaneous sensor glucose levels. During control visits, subjects’ standard infusion rates were applied. Prandial insulin boluses were given before main meals (50–80 g carbohydrates) but not before snacks (15–30 g carbohydrates). Subjects undertook moderate-intensity exercise, not announced to the algorithm, on a stationary bicycle at a 140 bpm heart rate in the morning (40 min) and afternoon (20 min). Primary outcome was time when plasma glucose was in the target range (71–180 mg/dL).

RESULTS
Closed-loop basal insulin delivery increased percentage time when glucose was in the target range (median 84% [interquartile range 78–88%] vs. 49% [26–79%], P = 0.02) and reduced mean plasma glucose levels (128 [19] vs. 165 [55] mg/dL, P = 0.02). Plasma glucose levels were in the target range 100% of the time on 17 of 24 nights during closed-loop insulin delivery. Hypoglycemia occurred on 10 occasions during control visits and 9 occasions during closed-loop delivery (5 episodes were exercise related, and 4 occurred within 2.5 h of prandial bolus).

CONCLUSIONS
Day-and-night closed-loop basal insulin delivery can improve glucose control in adolescents. However, unannounced moderate-intensity exercise and excessive prandial boluses pose challenges to hypoglycemia-free closed-loop basal insulin delivery.
Quantification of sunscreen 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid in cosmetic products and water samples by HPTLC/densitometry with fluorescent detection
Authors: Sobanska Anna , Derecka Karolina , Pyzowski Jaroslaw 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The water-soluble sunscreen 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBS) was quantified in a sun-care product and water samples by thin layer chromatography followed by densitometric scanning in fluorescence mode (cut-off filter 370 nm, wavelength of excitation — 300 nm). Normal phase TLC was performed on silica gel 60 as stationary phase. Mobile phase used was ethyl acetate-ethanol-water 70:35:30 (v/v/v). The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.0004 μg spot-1, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was — 0.001 µg spot−1 without any sample pre-concentration.
Hydroconversion of parafine LTP56-H over nickel/Na-mordenite catalysts
Authors: Mierczynski Pawel , Maniecki Tomasz , Kaluzna-Czaplinska Joanna , Szynkowska Małgorzata , Maniukiewicz Waldemar , Lason-Rydel Magdalena , Jozwiak Wojciech 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Nickel catalysts supported on Na-mordenite were used for paraffin LTP56-H hydroconversion into liquid material as a possible component for engine fuels. The effects of none-catalytic thermal treatment and catalytic conditions-zeolite type and reaction conditions (solvent) on the process of liquefaction of LTP56-H paraffin and physicochemical properties of catalysts were studied. The physicochemical properties of catalytic systems were investigated using XRD, TPR, TPD-NH3 and SEM-EDS methods.
The effect of increase in concentration of Na(I) ions on biosorption of Cr(III) ions by Enteromorpha prolifera and Spirulina sp
Authors: Michalak Izabela , Saeid Agnieszka , Chojnacka Katarzyna 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this study, the effect of the increase in the initial concentration of Na(I) ions in the solution during biosorption of Cr(III) ions by two edible algae: marine macroalga — Enteromorpha prolifera and microalga — Spirulina sp. was investigated. During biosorption, essential elements are exchanged with alkali and alkaline earth metal ions (e.g. Na(I) ions), which are naturally bound with the biomass. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the increase in concentration of Na(I) ions on biosorption performance. The equilibrium of the process is described by Langmuir equation. It was found that with the increase in the initial concentration of NaCl (from 132 to 7331 mg L−1), there was a lower biosorption capacity of Enteromorpha prolifera (from 85.8 to 51.0 mg g−1) and Spirulina sp. (74.2 to 20.7 mg g−1) towards Cr(III) ions. It was also possible to determine the number of times the solution used in the biosorption process can be recycled and yet mantain high biosorption capacity. The determined numbers were: 16 for Enteromorpha prolifera and 19 for Spirulina sp.
Devenir peintre
Authors: Bala Michael 
Published: November 2012

Ceci est un entretien avec Susan Bostrom-Wong qui est à la fois peintre et analyste jungienne. Susan et moi, nous nous sommes rencontrés deux fois dans son atelier, entourés par ses peintures – terminées ou en cours – pour parler de la psyché créative dans l’art. Je l’ai rencontrée, pour la première fois, quand elle siégeait en tant que membre du Comité du programme de formation analytique de San Francisco où j’ai été admis. À l’entretien d’admission, la première question vint de Susan, elle voulait en savoir plus sur ma propre pratique artistique quand je révélai que j’avais suivi une formation de clown. Ce moment, qui eut lieu deux ans avant cet entretien, éveilla en moi le désir de m’interroger sur le rôle de la rêverie créative en matière de production artistique. Cet entretien porte sur la production artistique en tant qu’expression de communications interactives avec le Soi.
La construction du rôle d'ingénieur-économiste au ministère des Transports
Authors: Mazoyer Harold 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Au cours des huit premières années de la V e République, le recours aux ingénieurs-économistes, et à leurs savoirs, se banalise au ministère des Transports. Cet article vise à comprendre les ressorts de leur succès dans le gouvernement des affaires publiques. L’étude des processus qui participent à la construction des rôles des économistes des transports révèle la relation ambiguë qu’ils entretiennent alors avec le pouvoir politique. Elle montre également comment ils sont conduits à légitimer et délimiter leur territoire d’intervention au regard des formes et domaines d’expertise appropriés par les autres spécialistes qui prétendent participer aux processus de décision. L’enquête permet de mettre au jour comment les dispositions des ingénieurs-économistes et les attentes des responsables politiques ou administratifs auxquels ils sont rattachés participent à retravailler un projet de gouvernement par le savoir économique dans ce secteur d’action publique. In fine , l’analyse montre que, placé dans une position de « conseiller du prince », l’économiste doit, avant tout, participer au gouvernement de l’administration.
Instituer la police des risques sanitaires
Authors: Buton François , Pierru Frédéric 
Published: November 2012

Résumé À partir d’une enquête socio-historique menée en France et aux États-Unis, cet article montre comment un savoir de gouvernement d’origine étasunienne ­ l’épidémiologie « appliquée » ­ a pu connaître une institutionnalisation réussie en France par le biais d’un dispositif privé de formation à destination des professionnels de santé publique (l’Institut de développement de l’épidémiologie appliquée), porté par une coalition composée de « marginaux d’État », une fondation privée et une agence américaine. La réforme de l’État sanitaire français revêt dans ce cas précis deux traits spécifiques. D’abord, elle se réalise dans le répertoire ancien des fondations philanthropiques américaines. Ensuite, elle se concrétise dans une agence (le Réseau national de santé publique), qui permet au savoir d’accéder aux circuits de décision et d’action publiques, non selon une logique centrifuge de fragmentation de l’administration bureaucratique selon les préceptes du New Public Management , mais selon une logique centripète : la forme agence permet l’acclimatation aux frontières de l’État d’un savoir nouveau et étranger, peu légitime, avant une institutionnalisation et une bureaucratisation plus poussées dans le cadre d’un établissement public administratif (l’Institut national de veille sanitaire).
Direct estimation of the distribution of relaxation times from induced‐polarization spectra using a Fourier transform analysis
Authors: Florsch N. , Camerlynck C. , Revil A. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe analysis of low‐frequency spectral induced polarization data involves the determination of the distribution of relaxation times either from time‐domain or frequency domain measurements. The classical approach is to assume a simple transfer function (e.g., a Cole‐Cole function) and to determine, by a deterministic or a stochastic fitting procedure, the parameters of this transfer function (for instance the four Cole‐Cole parameters). Some other methods (based on optimization) have been developed recently avoiding the choice of a specific transfer function that can bias data interpretation. We have developed a new approach based on the Fourier transform also avoiding the use of a specific analytical transfer function. The use of the Fourier transform is a classical approach to retrieve the kernel of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind (especially in potential field theory) and this corresponds exactly to the problem we want to solve. We adapt the Fourier transform approach to retrieve the distribution of the relaxation times (for instance to process low‐frequency induced polarization data). Problems resulting from the use of this approach with noisy data are prevented by using Wiener filtering. As far as induced polarization is concerned, we found that it is necessary to fit the high‐frequency dielectric contribution of the spectra and to remove this contribution from the quadrature conductivity data before inverting the distribution of the relaxation times. Our approach is benchmarked with analytical pair solutions and then tested by using synthetic and experimental data sets.
Multi‐measurement integration for near‐surface geological characterization
Authors: Laake Andreas , Strobbia Claudio 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTGeological characterization of the near‐surface is challenging because often shallow layers are unconsolidated and their properties have rapid and significant variations in vertical and lateral directions. This creates challenges for a majority of geophysical methods, which have limitations in the presence of a complex distribution of physical properties and that give optimal results over limited depth intervals, which are different for the different methods. The shallow near‐surface depth region is often problematic for standard seismic exploration methods. As a result, geological characterization through individual measurements is often compromised. The solution proposed here is the integration of multiple measurements of surface and deep subsurface properties, with the goal of generating a geologically meaningful lithostructural model of the near‐surface.The underlying idea is based on the observation that deep subsurface structural features often leave an impression on the surface. This provides an opportunity for structural mapping at the surface and below the bottom of the near‐surface zone to guide the processing and interpretation of data from the near‐surface.We show how the integration of multiple data sets from the measurement of different physical properties can be used to generate and enhance specific near‐surface products such as drilling risk maps or P‐wave velocity models for static corrections or for velocity modelling. The analysis proves that integration of multiple data sets can provide a solution when individual measurements, such as refraction traveltimes, do not provide sufficient information to characterize the lithostructure of the near‐surface. Satellite surface imagery and deep seismic data can provide the structural framework for the processing and interpretation of shallow seismic data. Simultaneous joint inversion of shallow P‐ and S‐wave data reveals the vertical and lateral velocity structures in the near‐surface, which are usually concealed when only refraction data are used. Finally, the correlation of multiple data sets in a correct spatial reference provides a quality control for the data set and allows for the lithostructural interpretation of data in the near‐surface.
Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP) signatures of clayey soils containing toluene
Authors: Ustra Andrea , Slater Lee , Ntarlagiannis Dimitrios , Elis Vagner 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTWe performed laboratory experiments to investigate the sensitivity of the Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP) method to toluene contamination in clayey soils. We used mixtures of quartzitic sand and montmorillonite as soil samples, artificially contaminated with varying amounts of toluene. Care was taken to quantify the experimental uncertainty resulting from packing since such effects must be quantified if variations in SIP signatures between samples are to be reliably interpreted in terms of the effects of hydrocarbon concentration. The SIP response of all samples following addition of toluene was monitored for a period of 40 days following sample preparation. Stepwise regression was used to examine the statistical significance of correlations between (i) clay content and (ii) toluene concentration and SIP parameters. Both single‐frequency real and imaginary conductivity measurements, along with the integral chargeability, normalized chargeability, DC conductivity and time constant obtained from a Debye decomposition fitting, were examined in this regression analysis.The SIP measurements show a clear time dependence following sample preparation, indicating that samples containing toluene may take significant time to reach an equilibrium electrical response. SIP measurements are significantly related to toluene content shortly after sample preparation, when the expected dependence of SIP on clay concentration is apparently suppressed. However, for the state of electrical equilibrium after 40 days (interpreted to indicate surface chemistry at equilibrium) there is no significant relation between SIP measurements and toluene content; instead SIP measurements are then significantly correlated with clay concentration. The total chargeability, normalized chargeability and relaxation time obtained from the Debye decomposition show no correlation with toluene content, indicating that this procedure, which likely integrates over multiple mechanisms, may not be suitable for understanding relationships between SIP and hydrocarbon contamination. We find only small low‐frequency polarization signals observed in relation to toluene concentration (2 mrad at 0.01 Hz), which initially decreases the interfacial polarization. Unlike earlier works, our results do not support the use of the SIP method as a tool for monitoring toluene contamination in clay soils.