bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activated innate lymphoid cells are associated with a reduced susceptibility to graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Munneke J. Marius , Björklund Andreas T. , Mjösberg Jenny M. , Garming-Legert Karin , Bernink Jochem H. , Blom Bianca , Huisman Cynthia , van Oers Marinus H. J. , Spits Hergen , Malmberg Karl-Johan , Hazenberg Mette D. 
Published: May 2014

Key Points
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy deplete ILCs from the blood; ILC reconstitution after allogeneic HSCT is slow. High frequencies of activated ILCs with tissue homing potential before allogeneic HSCT are associated with reduced risk for GVHD.
Impact of FLT3ITD mutant allele level on relapse risk in intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Linch David C. , Hills Robert K. , Burnett Alan K. , Khwaja Asim , Gale Rosemary E. 
Published: May 2014

Key Points
In cases with intermediate-risk NPM1MUT AML, there are only minor differences in relapse risk according to FLT3ITD level. When considering allogeneic transplantation in first remission, NPM1MUT cases with low-level FLT3ITD should not be considered as good risk.
Inflammation biomarkers and delirium in critically ill patients
Authors: Ritter Cristiane , Tomasi Cristiane D , Dal-Pizzol Felipe , Pinto Bernardo Bollen , Dyson Alex , de Miranda Aline S , Comim Clarissa M , Soares Márcio , Teixeira Antonio L , Quevedo João , Singer Mervyn 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Delirium is a common occurrence in critically ill patients and is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. Septic patients with delirium may differ from a general critically ill population. The aim of this investigation was to study the relationship between systemic inflammation and the development of delirium in septic and non-septic critically ill patients.

Methods
We performed a prospective cohort study in a 20-bed mixed intensive care unit (ICU) including 78 (delirium = 31; non-delirium = 47) consecutive patients admitted for more than 24 hours. At enrollment, patients were allocated to septic or non-septic groups according to internationally agreed criteria. Delirium was diagnosed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) during the first 72 hours of ICU admission. Blood samples were collected within 12 hours of enrollment for determination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, soluble TNF Receptor (STNFR)-1 and -2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and adiponectin.

Results
Out of all analyzed biomarkers, only STNFR1 (P = 0.003), STNFR2 (P = 0.005), adiponectin (P = 0.005) and IL-1β (P < 0.001) levels were higher in delirium patients. Adjusting for sepsis and sedation, these biomarkers were also independently associated with delirium occurrence. However, none of them were significant influenced by sepsis.

Conclusions
STNFR1, STNFR2, adiponectin and IL-1β were associated with delirium. Sepsis did not modify the relationship between the biomarkers and delirium occurrence.
A shared transcriptional program in early breast neoplasias despite genetic and clinical distinctions
Authors: Brunner Alayne L , Li Jun , Guo Xiangqian , Sweeney Robert T , Varma Sushama , Zhu Shirley X , Li Rui , Tibshirani Robert , West Robert B 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Background
The earliest recognizable stages of breast neoplasia are lesions that represent a heterogeneous collection of epithelial proliferations currently classified based on morphology. Their role in the development of breast cancer is not well understood but insight into the critical events at this early stage will improve efforts in breast cancer detection and prevention. These microscopic lesions are technically difficult to study so very little is known about their molecular alterations.

Results
To characterize the transcriptional changes of early breast neoplasia, we sequenced 3′- end enriched RNAseq libraries from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of early neoplasia samples and matched normal breast and carcinoma samples from 25 patients. We find that gene expression patterns within early neoplasias are distinct from both normal and breast cancer patterns and identify a pattern of pro-oncogenic changes, including elevated transcription of ERBB2, FOXA1, and GATA3 at this early stage. We validate these findings on a second independent gene expression profile data set generated by whole transcriptome sequencing. Measurements of protein expression by immunohistochemistry on an independent set of early neoplasias confirms that ER pathway regulators FOXA1 and GATA3, as well as ER itself, are consistently upregulated at this early stage. The early neoplasia samples also demonstrate coordinated changes in long non-coding RNA expression and microenvironment stromal gene expression patterns.

Conclusions
This study is the first examination of global gene expression in early breast neoplasia, and the genes identified here represent candidate participants in the earliest molecular events in the development of breast cancer.
The hydrodynamics of swimming at intermediate Reynolds numbers in the water boatman (Corixidae).
Authors: Ngo Victoria , McHenry Matthew J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe fluid forces that govern propulsion determine the speed and energetic cost of swimming. These hydrodynamics are scale-dependent and it is unclear what forces matter to the tremendous diversity of aquatic animals that are between a millimeter and a centimeter in length. Animals at this scale generally operate within the regime of intermediate Reynolds numbers, where both viscous and inertial fluid forces have the potential to play a role in propulsion. The present study aimed to resolve which forces create thrust and drag in the paddling of the water boatman (Corixidae), an animal that spans much of the intermediate regime (10 &lt; Re &lt; 200). By measuring the force generated by tethered boatmen, we found that thrust is generated primarily by drag on the paddling appendages, with a negligible contribution from the acceleration reaction force. Based on these findings, we developed a forward-dynamic model of propulsion in free-swimming that accurately predicted changes in the body's center of mass over time. For both tethered and free swimming, we used non-linear optimization algorithms to determine the force coefficients that best-matched our measurements. With this approach, the drag coefficients on the body and paddle were found to be up to three times greater than static structures in fully developed flow at the same Reynolds numbers. This is likely a partial consequence of unsteady interactions between the paddles or between the paddles and the body. In addition, the maximum values for these coefficients were inversely related to the Reynolds number, which suggests that viscous forces additionally play an important role in the hydrodynamics of small water boatmen. This understanding for the major forces that operate at intermediate Reynolds numbers offers a basis for interpreting the mechanics, energetics and functional morphology of swimming in many small aquatic animals.
Functional characterization of Candida albicans Hos2 histone deacetylase
Authors: Karthikeyan G , Paul-Satyaseela Maneesh , Dhatchana Moorthy Nachiappan , Gopalaswamy Radha , Narayanan Shridhar 
Published: May 2014

Candida albicans is a mucosal commensal organism capable of causing superficial (oral and vaginal thrush) infections in immune normal hosts, but is a major pathogen causing systemic and mucosal infections in immunocompromised individuals. Azoles have been very effective anti-fungal agents and the mainstay in treating opportunistic mold and yeast infections. Azole resistant strains have emerged compromising the utility of this class of drugs. It has been shown that azole resistance can be reversed by the co-administration of a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, suggesting that resistance is mediated by epigenetic mechanisms possibly involving Hos2, a fungal deacetylase. We report here the cloning and functional characterization of HOS2 (HighOsmolarity Sensitive), a gene coding for fungal histone deacetylase from C. albicans. Inhibition studies showed that Hos2 is susceptible to pan inhibitors such as trichostatin A (TSA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), but is not inhibited by class I inhibitors such as MS-275. This in vitro enzymatic assay, which is amenable to high throughput could be used for screening potent fungal Hos2 inhibitors that could be a potential anti-fungal adjuvant. Purified Hos2 protein consistently deacetylated tubulins, rather than histones from TSA-treated cells. Hos2 has been reported to be a putative NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase, a feature of sirtuins. We assayed for sirtuin activation with resveratrol and purified Hos2 protein and did not find any sirtuin activity.
Methodology of Training for Academic Olympics at School
Authors: Цветкова  , Tsvetkova Marina , Кирюхин  , Kiryukhin V. 
Published: May 2014

The paper considers methods of preparing for participation in Academic Olympics on Informatics in the school setting. The proposed methods pat
special attention to revealing and enhancing talents of a school-level student. Age peculiarities in studying Informatics of Academic Olympics level are
shown, and among others, those involving Internet-resources. Specially outlined is the role of a teacher in timely revealing and developing talents of
students, studying Informatics and Computer Programming.
Integrated Facility Layout Design and Flow Assignment Problem Under Uncertainty
Authors: Zhao Yifei , Wallace Stein W. 
Published: May 2014

The facility layout problem is the problem of assigning facilities to locations. We study the case of limited machine capacity and hence multiple copies of each machine type. We take into account stochastic demand, described by several types of jobs (i.e., sequences of machine types), each with an uncertain demand level. We develop a heuristic framework allowing us to find good solutions to the stochastic case whenever it is possible to solve the corresponding deterministic quadratic assignment problem (QAP), exactly or heuristically. Athough the QAP is a very hard problem in its own right, our approach allows randomness (and hence relevance) to be added at only a marginal increase in computational costs. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2014.0599 .
Is obstetric practice in SE Nigeria based on reliable research?
Authors: Oyo-Ita AE , Van der Kooi R , Etuk SJ , Nwagbara E , Garner P , Meremikwu MM , Smith H 
Published: May 2014

Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials are used to inform obstetric practice worldwide. It is not known whether obstetric practice in Nigeria currently follows best evidence. This study explored whether the practices in selected hospitals in Nigeria are consistent with available evidence. In Cross River State, 13 health facilities were studied through audit of case notes augmented with exit interviews with postpartum women. Sequential case notes (n=487) were audited and 113 postpartum women were interviewed. For practices where there is good evidence of benefit, routine use varied: antibiotics for pre-term rupture of membrane (83.3% n=6); partograph in monitoring labour (42% n=487); and prophylactic antibiotics for caesarean section (21.5% n=111). Practices with little evidence of benefit were commonly performed: pubic shaving (70.8% n=72); restriction of mobility (33.3% n= 2); supine position for the second stage of labour (97.2% n=72); and episiotomy (37.5% n=72) overall and 74% in primigravidae. Only 33.3% of women were allowed fluids during labour; and diazepam rather than magnesium sulphate was the drug of choice for treating eclampsia. This study demonstrates that a gap exists between best practice guided by reliable research evidence and current obstetric practice in health facilities in the hospitals studied.
Risk factors for intimate partner violence in kenya
Authors: Maina Geoffrey M 
Published: May 2014

Intimate partner violence is a major public health issue worldwide. It transcends racial, religious and geographical boundaries and characteristically affects women more than men. Several factors are thought to contribute to perpetuation and propagation of partner violence such as socio-economic, cultural, interpersonal factors and religion. The aim of the study was to explore the risk factors to partner violence in Kenya. Eleven health care providers working in an emergency department were selected to participate in the study. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted NVIVO software enabled exploration of the interviews to develops major themes and sub-themes. Various factors were identified as attributable to causation of partner violence among various communities in Kenya.
Community perceptions of the causes and prevention of maternal mortality
Authors: Adegooke Adetoro A , Ogundeji Martins O , Lawoyin Taiwo O , Campbell Malcolm , Thomson Ann M 
Published: May 2014

The objective was to identify community members' perceptions of the causes and prevention of maternal mortality in Ibadan, North East Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Reported in this article are the results from a pilot study, carried out in 2005, of the views of 418 community men and women aged 15–49 years in Idi ape, Iwo Road and Okeadu areas of Ibadan North East. Data were collected over a two-week period using interviews with a structured questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions. People's perceptions of the causes and prevention of maternal death varied widely. Both medical and non-medical factors were reported as being responsible. The perceived causes of maternal mortality ranged from medical/obstetrical to individual, health personnel, governmental and supernatural causes. Participants stated that to prevent maternal mortality in this setting, awareness creation of the causes of maternal mortality is crucial and that a lot of political will is needed from the government of Oyo State and Nigeria as a whole. The government should improve the provision of well-equipped health facilities staffed by qualified health professionals providing a free or subsidised service. For a fuller understanding of maternal morbidity and mortality, it is important to consider factors outside the hospital and formal medical practice. These findings have important implications for the design and implementation of safe motherhood programmes and in formulation of safe motherhood policy in Nigeria.
Incorporating cultural beliefs in promoting exclusive breastfeeding
Authors: Reinsma Kathryn , Bolima Nancy , Fonteh Florence , Okwen Patrick , Yota Daniel , Montgomery Susanne 
Published: May 2014

Introduction: Since 2003, the World Health Organization has recommended exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. In the Northwest region of Cameroon approximately 90% of women initiate breastfeeding, yet only 34% of these women exclusively breastfeed for the recommended six months. Aim: To determine influences on women's exclusive breastfeeding practices. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six women and six men followed by focus group discussions with three groups of women and three groups of men in the Kumbo West Health District, Northwest region, Cameroon. All participants were selected using theoretical sampling to assure triangulation. Results: Three themes emerged that influence exclusive breastfeeding practices: woman's readiness to exclusively breastfeed; cultural influences towards exclusive breastfeeding; and perceived constraints to exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: These emergent themes were used to create a theoretical framework that is useful for developing a breastfeeding health education intervention in non-Western settings.
Labour pain perception and use of non-pharmacologic labour support in newly delivered mothers in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Oyetunde Modupe Olusola , Ojerinde Ogonna Eze 
Published: May 2014

Background: Pain is an unpleasant and highly personal experience that may be imperceptible to others. It is a common experience in labour and childbirth. Dealing with labour pain remains a concern to women in labour, as well as skilled birth attendants, especially in poor/low-resource settings where pain management protocol is nonexistent or where there may be sociocultural constraints of pain relief methods. Aim: To explore labour pain perception and the use of non-pharmacologic support during labour among newly delivered mothers. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive design was adopted in assessing 100 newly delivered mothers at University College Hospital and Jericho Nursing Home in Ibadan, Nigeria. Three hypotheses were generated and tested at alpha5%. These were that there is no significant difference between: provision of information and perception of pain during labour among newly delivered mothers; labour pain experience and choice for caesarean section in subsequent pregnancies; and back massage and pain reduction during labour. Results: About 96% of women indicated that they experienced pain during labour. All the respondents acknowledged that labour pain was a normal experience every woman should go through. However, some women (68%) indicated a need to relieve labour pain. About 60% preferred to be supported in labour, and non-pharmacological support, which was experienced by around 70%, was identified as mainly emotional (52%) and massage therapy (32%). There was low preference for spouses’ emotional support (37%). Caesarean section was not considered as an alternative to experiencing labour pain by 62% of respondents. There were significant associations between information and pain perception during labour (p=0.017); labour pain experience and choice of caesarean section in subsequent pregnancies (p=0.002); and back massage and pain reduction during labour (p=0.008). Conclusion: Labour pain is a serious issue that may break the tradition of and clamour for spontaneous vaginal delivery in the Nigerian setting. Information and support during labour helped women to cope. Assessment should be imbibed by nurses and midwives in labour wards for accurate diagnosis and management of pain in labour. Spousal support during labour should be encouraged.
Awareness and attitudes of women towards cervical cancer screening in Oyo state, Nigeria
Authors: Bammeke Olukemi A , Ndikom Chizoma M 
Published: May 2014

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women especially in the developing world. This study examined the awareness and the attitude of women towards cervical cancer screening in Agbowo Primary Health Centre in Ibadan, Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional study design and convenient sampling, a questionnaire was administered to collect data from 100 women who utilised postnatal and immunization services in the health centre. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson product moment correlation at significance level of P<0.05. The findings showed that the majority (52%) of the participants were aware of cervical cancer, 58% were aware of cervical cancer screening but only 5.0% had utilised cervical cancer screening services. There was significant positive relationship (r=0.369; P=0.001) between awareness and utilisation of cervical cancer screening services and educational background and utilisation of cervical cancer screening services (P=0.002) as well as economic status and use of the screening services (r=0.276; P=0.001). Attitude and uptake of cervical cancer screening services also showed a positive correlation (r=0.276; P<0.006). some of the factors that influenced uptake include lack of awareness about where to get screened, cost, attitude of health workers and delay in hospitals. The study has shown that cervical cancer screening uptake is still very poor, although, the awareness of cervical screening was fairly high. There is no doubt that education improve uptake of cervical cancer screening. There is still the need to create more awareness and make the services available so as to improve the uptake of cervical cancer screening.
CHD risk factors in UK Gujarati immigrants compared with their contemporaries in Gujarat, India
Authors: Patel JV , Karadia V , Sumara S , Hughes EA , Vyas A , James L , Patel D , Patel M , Yadav S , Reddy KS , Prabhakaran D 
Published: May 2014

Background: South Asian immigrants in Britain have an excess risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to elucidate the impact of migration on CHD risk factors by comparing these in two groups of Gujarati people: migrants to Britain and those still living in Gujarat, India. Methods: Metabolic factors during oral glucose tolerance test, lifestyle indices (physical activity and diet, determined by standardized questionnaires), and energy expenditure and metabolic parameters were evaluated in 242 randomly sampled Gujarati people aged between 25 and 79 years living in Sandwell, West Midlands and 295 age-, gender- and caste-matched subjects in Gujarat, India. Results: Gujaratis in Sandwell had significantly higher dietary energy and fat intakes and their mean body mass index was 6.6 kg/m2 higher (95% CI, 4.5–7.4 kg/m2) than those of Gujaratis in India. Blood pressure, serum cholesterol and triglyceride values increased with migration; in all cases; these factors were ≥6.6– 13.1% higher in Sandwell Gujaratis (95% CI). Diabetes prevalence was high in both groups (15%), but insulin secretion was lower and diabetes was less frequently accompanied by excess metabolic risk factors in subjects in India. Conclusions: The higher risk seen in Gujarati immigrants is probably related to an increased fat intake and obesity which are associated with migration. Ways of improving nutrition and identifying treating cardiovascular risk factors in this population are urgently required
The effect of cardiac rehabilitation on changing patients’ clinical outcomes
Authors: Ying Sek , Thompson David R , Tang Sui Wai , Leung Kei Pui 
Published: May 2014

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cardiac rehabilitation on changing patients’ exercise intensity and physiological outcomes. Methods: The study used a pre- and post-inter vention test design to evaluate an 8-week cardiac rehabilitation programme. The focus of this programme was supervised exercise and the content includeddiet, physical activity, stress management and risk factor management. Patients attended three 2-hour sessions every week and these were supervised by a nurse specialist. Results: After 8 weeks of cardiac rehabilitation, the patients’ exercise intensity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were all improved. However, except for the high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, the improvements were not sustained at 3 months. Among behaviour changes, only the improved behaviour in smoking and exercise were maintained at 3 months. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that cardiac rehabilitation is effective in improving cardiac patient outcomes in the short term but that other approaches, such as motivational interviewing and counselling, and strategies such as unsupervised exercise programmes in community settings, may be needed to maintain the physiological improvements.
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the community: Increasing access and choice
Authors: Nelson Sara , Vincent Louise 
Published: May 2014

This paper will discuss how an ambulatory blood pressure service was redesigned and moved into the community offering patients greater choice and access to diagnostics in a timely fashion. Waiting times were decreased for this particular diagnostic test from an average of 14 weeks to about 2 weeks. This has facilitated earlier diagnosis and treatment for the patients concerned and quicker reporting of the results to the General Practitioners (GPs). It has been well evaluated by both staff and users.