bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Forensic Botany in Crime Scene Investigation: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Aquila Isabella , Ausania Francesco , Di Nunzio Ciro , Serra Arianna , Boca Silvia , Capelli Arnaldo , Magni Paola , Ricci Pietrantonio 
Published: February 2014

AbstractManagement of a crime is the process of ensuring accurate and effective collection and preservation of physical evidence. Forensic botany can provide significant supporting evidences during criminal investigations. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the importance of forensic botany in the crime scene. We reported a case of a woman affected by dementia who had disappeared from nursing care and was found dead near the banks of a river that flowed under a railroad. Two possible ways of access to crime scene were identified and denominated “Path A” and “Path B.” Both types of soil and plants were identified. Botanical survey was performed. Some samples of Xanthium Orientalis subsp. Italicum were identified. The fall of woman resulted in external injuries and vertebral fracture at autopsy. The botanical evidence is important when crime scene and autopsy findings are not sufficient to define the dynamics and the modality of death.
Trigemino‐Cardiac Reflex as Lethal Mechanism in a Suicidal Fire Death Case
Authors: Rossi Riccardo , Lodise Maria , Lancia Massimo , Bacci Mauro , De‐Giorgio Fabio , Cascini Fidelia 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn the vast majority of immediate fire deaths, the mechanism of death is inhalation of toxic gases (especially carbon monoxide), direct thermal injury, or neurogenic shock due to the redistribution of the body's blood volume produced by surface heat on the skin. We present a suicidal case that is unusual because the mechanism of immediate fire death could arguably be explained in terms of a primitive autonomic reflex/the trigemino‐cardiac reflex. Although this reflex is well known to surgeons and anesthetists, with possible lethal consequences in the course of invasive surgical procedures on the head and neck region, it is much less familiar to forensic pathologists.
Atropine Eye Drops: An Unusual Homicidal Poisoning
Authors: Carlier Jérémy , Escard Emmanuel , Péoc'h Michel , Boyer Baptiste , Romeuf Ludovic , Faict Thierry , Guitton Jérôme , Gaillard Yvan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn March 2009, the body of a 51‐year‐old man was found in the boot of his car. The body had been frozen before being dismembered at the abdomen. The autopsy failed to determine the cause of death. Systematic toxicological analyses of the victim's peripheral blood and urine showed the presence of atropine, a powerful anticholinergic. Atropine was therefore specifically detected and quantified throughout the victim's biologic samples by HPLC‐MS² in the biologic fluids and UHPLC‐MS² in the hair. The atropine concentrations were 887 ng/mL in the cardiac blood, 489 ng/mL in the peripheral blood, 6693 ng/mL in the gastric contents (1.1 μg), 6753 ng/mL in the urine, and 2290 pg/mg in the hair. The blood concentrations measured in the decedent were consistent with an overdose of atropine, which was determined as the cause of death. The manner of death was a homicide with criminal intent.
Sudden Death in Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Hugar Basappa S. , Praveen Shivaramareddy , Kainoor Sunil K. , Shetty Akshith Raj S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMarfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder of the connective tissue. The most serious complications of this syndrome are defects of the heart valves and aorta. Aneurysms of thoracic aorta are known to develop in Marfan syndrome. Other causes for development of aneurysms of the thoracic aorta are trauma, infections, valve and arch anomalies, genetic disorders, and atherosclerosis. These aneurysms upon rupture may lead to sudden deaths. They are usually detected during routine screening or follow‐up of such persons suffering from Marfan syndrome and upon death will be certified by the treating physician. Thus, an autopsy surgeon rarely comes across such deaths. One such case of sudden death due to cardiac tamponade consequent upon rupture of dissecting aortic aneurysm in a 33‐year‐old male who complained of throbbing pains in the chest, radiating to back, became breathless, cyanotic and died on the way to hospital is being presented here.
Philemon and Baucis Deaths: Case Reports and Postmortem Biochemistry Contribution
Authors: Lardi Christelle , Schmit Gregory , Burkhardt Sandra , Mangin Patrice , Palmiere Cristian 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe death of a person as a reaction to the death of another is known as Philemon and Baucis death and may represent a difficult challenge for pathologists, especially due to the decompositional changes that often characterized these situations. In this article, we describe two cases of Philemon and Baucis deaths, the first concerning a married couple and the second concerning a father and son. Postmortem investigations including radiology and biochemistry were performed. Based on the results of all investigations, deaths were attributed to natural causes. Third‐party involvement could be excluded in both situations. In one case, biochemical analysis results revealed potentially contributing causes of death. The reported cases emphasize the importance of correlating findings from different postmortem investigations to identify causes of death, precipitating conditions and predisposing disorders, thus allowing the conclusion of natural death to be reached and third‐party involvement to be excluded.
Methadone‐Related Deaths – Epidemiological, Pathohistological, and Toxicological Traits in 10‐year Retrospective Study in Vojvodina, Serbia
Authors: Mijatović Vesna , Samojlik Isidora , Ajduković Nikša , Đurendić‐Brenesel Maja , Petković Stojan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe number of methadone‐related deaths (MRDs) during a 10‐year period (2002–2011) in the region of Vojvodina, Serbia, was increased. The cases were evaluated according to epidemiological parameters, pathohistological findings, and toxicological screening. The majority of victims were men, aged from 20 to 38. Pathohistologically, the signs of acute focal myocardial damage were present in the heart of victims with drug abuse history shorter than 2 years, while both signs of recent and chronic focal myocardial damage were developed among victims with longer drug abuse history (2–5 years). In postmortem blood samples of 54.84% of victims, methadone was detected in combination with diazepam, both in therapeutic range. Alcohol was absent in most cases. Other detected drugs were antipsychotics and antidepressants in therapeutic concentrations. These findings raise the attention to the concomitant use of methadone and benzodiazepines with the need for further studies to clarify the mechanism of death in such cases.
Endobronchial/Tracheal Metastasis and Sudden Death
Authors: Byard Roger W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEndobronchial and endotracheal metastases are rare lesions that may cause acute occlusion of major airways. A case is reported of a 62‐year‐old man with history of renal cell carcinoma and hemoptysis who died after having suddenly become short of breath with cyanosis. At autopsy, recurrent renal cell carcinoma was identified with metastases to the lungs, pulmonary hilar lymph nodes, and brain. In addition, a solitary papillomatous metastasis arising from the mucosa of the carina was obstructing both the main bronchi and distal trachea. Death was due to acute airway obstruction by a metastatic deposit at the bifurcation of the trachea in a case of disseminated renal cell carcinoma. This case demonstrates an extremely rare cause of sudden death that may complicate disseminated malignancy.
Development of Latent Fingermarks from Rocks and Stones
Authors: Hefetz Ido , Cohen Amit , Cohen Yaron , Chaikovsky Alan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSince the beginning of recorded history, stones have been used in the commission of crimes due to their widespread availability. Stones can be used as a lethal weapon that sometimes might be the only evidence in a serious case. The common perception, even in professional fingermark circles, is that stones do not yield identifiable latent fingermarks. The authors of this research paper examined the feasibility of developing fingermarks from seven types of stones using three latent fingermark techniques: magnetic powder, cyanoacrylate fuming, and ninhydrin. The paper will demonstrate that by classifying stones and rocks according to their natural properties (porosity, permeability, and the nature of surface area), even application of the simplest development techniques can produce good results. In conclusion, chert and limestone yielded the most qualitative and quantitative results using magnetic powder. The time factor is also important in recovering latent fingermarks on stones and rocks.
The Average Direct Current Offset Values for Small Digital Audio Recorders in an Acoustically Consistent Environment
Authors: Koenig Bruce E. , Lacey Douglas S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this research project, nine small digital audio recorders were tested using five sets of 30‐min recordings at all available recording modes, with consistent audio material, identical source and microphone locations, and identical acoustic environments. The averaged direct current (DC) offset values and standard deviations were measured for 30‐sec and 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 6‐, 10‐, 15‐, and 30‐min segments. The research found an inverse association between segment lengths and the standard deviation values and that lengths beyond 30 min may not meaningfully reduce the standard deviation values. This research supports previous studies indicating that measured averaged DC offsets should only be used for exclusionary purposes in authenticity analyses and exhibit consistent values when the general acoustic environment and microphone/recorder configurations were held constant. Measured average DC offset values from exemplar recorders may not be directly comparable to those of submitted digital audio recordings without exactly duplicating the acoustic environment and microphone/recorder configurations.
Producing Authenticity in Global Capitalism: Language, Materiality, and Value
Authors: Cavanaugh Jillian R. , Shankar Shalini 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, we bring together two distinct ethnographic cases of capitalist production—food producers in northern Italy and Asian American advertising executives in New York City—to illustrate how these producers use language and materiality to produce value in global capitalism. Taken together, the cases illustrate how contemporary capitalist producers utilize particular notions of ethnolinguistic heritage in ways that reflect group‐specific values and enable economic profitability in globalizing economies. We consider the work that producers do to construct authenticity by identifying the links they create among and across linguistic and material elements. Whether the product in question is a locally crafted salami or a car commercial aimed at Chinese Americans, constructing authenticity is a complex process that is not assured of success but that is driven by various possibilities of reward. Noting the ways in which authenticity construction seldom goes unchallenged, we consider producers’ linguistic and material work to create authentic goods against those who question and contest their efforts. In so doing, we examine broader implications of this capitalist production and contribute to literature on global capitalism, commodity creation, brand, and relationships between language and materiality.
Progranulin gene variability influences the risk for bipolar I disorder, but not bipolar II disorder
Authors: Galimberti Daniela , Prunas Cecilia , Paoli Riccardo A , Dell'Osso Bernardo , Fenoglio Chiara , Villa Chiara , Palazzo Carlotta , Cigliobianco Michela , Camuri Giulia , Serpente Maria , Scarpini Elio , Altamura A Carlo 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveRecent data have shown that genetic variability in the progranulin (GRN) gene may contribute to the susceptibility to developing bipolar disorder (BD). However, in regard to patients with BD, no information is available on the role of genetic variability and plasma progranulin levels in different types of this disorder.MethodsIn this study, we performed an association analysis of GRN in an Italian population consisting of 134 patients with BD and 232 controls to evaluate progranulin plasma levels.ResultsThe presence of the polymorphic variant of the rs5848 single nucleotide polymorphism is protective for the development of bipolar I disorder (BD‐I) (odds ratio = 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.33–0.93; p = 0.024) but not bipolar II disorder (BD‐II) (p > 0.05). In addition, plasma progranulin levels are significantly decreased in BD [mean ± standard deviation (SD) 112 ± 35 versus 183 ± 93 ng/mL in controls; p < 0.001].ConclusionsRegarding the influence of GRN variability on BD susceptibility, the predisposing genetic background differs between BD‐I and BD‐II, possibly implying that pathogenic mechanisms differ between the two subtypes of BD.
Parental age and the risk of bipolar disorders
Authors: Chudal Roshan , Gissler Mika , Sucksdorff Dan , Lehti Venla , Suominen Auli , Hinkka‐Yli‐Salomäki Susanna , Brown Alan S , Sourander Andre 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesStudies on the association between parental age and bipolar disorder (BPD) are scarce and with inconsistent findings. The aim of this study was to examine the association of parental age and age difference between parents with risk of BPD in offspring.MethodsThis nested case–control study identified 1,861 cases of individuals with BPD born in Finland during 1983–1998 and diagnosed by the end of 2008, and 3,643 sex‐ and date of birth‐matched controls from nationwide population‐based registers. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association adjusting for potential confounding due to age of the other parent, parental psychiatric history, educational level, and place of birth.ResultsA U‐shaped association of unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) for BPD risk was seen in different paternal age categories, with the odds increasing at both ends of the age spectrum. In the adjusted analyses, offspring of fathers aged ≥50 years had a 2.8‐fold increased odds [OR = 2.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32–6.12] of BPD as compared to those with fathers aged 30–34 years. The odds were increased 1.3‐fold (OR = 1.35, CI: 1.06–1.72) in fathers aged 20–24 years. No significant association was found between maternal age and BPD in the adjusted analyses. Age difference between parents was not associated with BPD.ConclusionsThe increased risk of BPD in offspring of the youngest and oldest fathers in the study suggests the involvement of different biological and psychosocial factors at the two ends of the paternal age spectrum. These findings may be significant in the context of advancing parental age in recent times.
Fisher in Adelaide
Authors: Mayo Oliver 
Published: February 2014

SummaryR. A. Fisher spent much of his final 3 years of life in Adelaide. It was a congenial place to live and work, and he was much in demand as a speaker, in Australia and overseas. It was, however, a difficult time for him because of the sustained criticism of fiducial inference from the early 1950s onwards. The article discusses some of Fisher's work on inference from an Adelaide perspective. It also considers some of the successes arising from this time, in the statistics of field experimentation and in evolutionary genetics. A few personal recollections of Fisher as houseguest are provided. This article is the text of a article presented on August 31, 2012 at the 26th International Biometric Conference, Kobe, Japan.
ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF COLLUSION IN A DIFFERENTIATED OLIGOPOLY WITH A CARTEL AND A FRINGE
Authors: Escrihuela‐Villar Marc , Guillén Jorge 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe discuss the effects of the existence of non‐colluding (fringe) firms on cartel sustainability. We obtain, using trigger strategies, that with product differentiation collusion is always more easily sustained when firms compete in prices than when firms compete in quantities. This is true basically because (i) price competition is more intense than quantity competition, and (ii) fringe firms exacerbate the fact that cartel firms have more incentives to deviate from the agreement under quantity competition. This result reverses previous findings where, in the absence of fringe firms, product differentiation plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of price or quantity competition in sustaining collusion.
Differences in Survival and Growth Among Tropical Rain Forest Pioneer Tree Seedlings in Relation to Canopy Openness and Herbivory
Authors: Goodale Uromi M. , Berlyn Graeme P. , Gregoire Timothy G. , Tennakoon Kushan U. , Ashton Mark S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAlthough differences in canopy openness, herbivory and their interaction may promote species coexistence, how these factors affect pioneer tree species and potentially limit growth, and survival has been poorly studied, particularly in tropical South Asia. We monitored the effect of canopy openness and herbivore damage on seedling survival and growth of 960 individuals of six pioneer tree species: Dillenia triquetra, Macaranga indica, Macaranga peltata, Schumacheria castaneifolia, Trema orientalis, and Wendlandia bicuspidata. Seedlings were placed in four gap‐understory positions—center, outer gap edge, inner forest edge, and understory—in four large, natural gaps within the Sinharaja World Heritage Reserve, Sri Lanka. Canopy openness positively affected survival probability beyond the 550‐d experiment, while herbivory decreased survival and was highest in understory conditions. The relative order of species survival stayed fairly consistent between gap‐understory positions and followed their known shade tolerance rankings. When averaged across all experimental conditions, T. orientalis had the lowest survival probability estimate beyond the 550‐d experiment (0.05), but the greatest capacity for growth where it successfully established, while the species with highest averaged survival probability (0.79), D. triquetra, showed the lowest growth. One species, W. bicuspidata, responded positively to herbivory by re‐sprouting. Coexistence of D. triquetra, T. orientalis, and W. bicuspidata can be explained by a trade‐off among species in survival, growth, and response to herbivory. In addition to variation in canopy light environment, herbivory may be important in determining pioneer species distribution through fine‐scale niche partitioning and should be carefully considered in reforestation efforts.
A systematic review on the innervation of peri‐implant tissues with special emphasis on the influence of implant placement and loading protocols
Authors: Huang Yan , Jacobs Reinhilde , Van Dessel Jeroen , Bornstein Michael M. , Lambrichts Ivo , Politis Constantinus 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo systematically review the available literature on the influence of dental implant placement and loading protocols on peri‐implant innervation.Material and methodsThe database MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, OpenGrey and hand searching were used to identify the studies published up to July 2013, with a populations, exposures and outcomes (PEO) search strategy using MeSH keywords, focusing on the question: Is there, and if so, what is the effect of time between tooth extraction and implant placement or implant loading on neural fibre content in the peri‐implant hard and soft tissues?ResultsOf 683 titles retrieved based on the standardized search strategy, only 10 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria, five evaluating the innervation of peri‐implant epithelium, five elucidating the sensory function in peri‐implant bone. Three included studies were considered having a methodology of medium quality and the rest were at low quality. All those papers reported a sensory innervation around osseointegrated implants, either in the bone–implant interface or peri‐implant epithelium, which expressed a particular innervation pattern. Compared to unloaded implants or extraction sites without implantation, a significant higher density of nerve fibres around loaded dental implants was confirmed.ConclusionsTo date, the published literature describes peri‐implant innervation with a distinct pattern in hard and soft tissues. Implant loading seems to increase the density of nerve fibres in peri‐implant tissues, with insufficient evidence to distinguish between the innervation patterns following immediate and delayed implant placement and loading protocols. Variability in study design and loading protocols across the literature and a high risk of bias in the studies included may contribute to this inconsistency, revealing the need for more uniformity in reporting, randomized controlled trials, longer observation periods and standardization of protocols.
Biological width formation to immediate implants placed at different level in relation to the crestal bone: an experimental study in dogs
Authors: Negri Bruno , López Marí Marta , Maté Sánchez de Val José Eduardo , Iezzi Giovanna , Bravo González Luis Alberto , Calvo Guirado José Luis 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPurpose/AimEvaluate differences in bone remodeling, soft tissue reactions and biological width formation around immediate implants placed at different level in relation to the crestal bone in beagle dogs.Material and methodsThe mandibular second, third and fourth premolars of six beagle dogs were extracted, and three implants were placed in the right side of each dog. Healing abutments were adjusted (n = 18). After 4 weeks, the procedure was repeated on the left side of the mandible (n = 18). Randomly, three implants were placed at crestal level (control group), and three implants were placed 2 mm subcrestally (test group) in relation to the crestal bone in each animal. The dogs were sacrificed after 8 weeks from the first surgical procedure, and biopsies were obtained. Samples were processed for ground sectioning. Histometric analysis was carried out to compare buccal and lingual bone resorption, soft tissue behavior and biological width formation in both groups.ResultsCrestal bone resorption was higher in the test group when considering the difference of 2 mms (IS‐B = 2.05 ± 0.36 mm, control; 1.75 (+2) ± 0.38 mm, test). However, the dimensions of the biological width were similar for both groups (PM‐C = 3.34 ± 0.53 mm, control; 3.13 ± 0.55 mm, test).ConclusionsThe alterations that occurred in the peri‐implant soft tissues may be related to the hard tissue remodeling, showing similar quantitative findings in the biological width formation in both groups. Even though the subcrestal placement might reduce the distance from the implant shoulder to the first bone‐to‐implant contact and reestablish the biological width dimension in a most coronal position, it might not have any effect on minimizing the marginal bone loss.