bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Sustainability and Performance of Hempcrete
Authors: Parmar Nidhi , Vats Aditi , Devi Vaneeta , Kwatra Seema , Srivastava R.K. , Singh S.B. 
Published: July 2024

Aim: Traditional construction materials like cement, concrete, glass, asphalt, and steel require more energy in the manufacturing process, which results in high GHG emissions. Therefore, researchers from all over the world are focusing on solutions to tackle carbon emissions, with hempcrete emerging as a less polluting construction material. Hempcrete is a bio-composite comprising a woody core of hemp stem and hydrated lime. The objective of the study is to find out the physical and mechanical properties of hemp-lime concrete.
Study Design: The present research paper is part of the ongoing study on hempcrete at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. The present study chose an experimental research design.
Methodology: The study presents its results in two parts: performance and sustainability. The first part investigates the performance of hempcrete in terms of its physical and mechanical characteristics. The researcher conducted numerous trials to fix mix designs, focusing on their workability. Cubes of size 10 cm were cast manually for five distinct mix designs. The second part of the paper examines the sustainability aspect of hemp-lime concrete via a relevant literature review.
Results: During the specified time intervals of 28, 56, 84, and 112 days, the cubes exhibited a range in weight density from 506 to 674 kg/m3. In parallel, the compression test results demonstrated varying values, spanning from 0.510 Mpa to 0.810 Mpa across the same time points. Results show that there is a negative correlation between density and compressive strength and a positive correlation between density and water absorption rate.
Conclusion: The results pertaining to weight density highlight the lightweight nature of hempcrete, to the extent that the cubes have the propensity to float in water. Due to its relatively low compressive strength values, hempcrete is deemed suitable for non-load-bearing applications within building construction.
Effect of Different Levels of NPK, Vermicompost and Sulphur on Growth, Yield and Economics Attributes of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) var. Giriraj
Authors: Chahar Krishana , Swaroop Narendra , Thomas Tarence , Kumar Harsh , Poonia Rajnesh , Yadav Shankar Lal 
Published: July 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Research farm, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.) during the Rabi season of 2023-24 with the objective to differentiate levels of NPK, Vermicompost and Sulphur on yield attributes of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) var. Giriraj. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with nine treatment combinations, consisting of three N, P and K levels (0, 50 and 100%), Vermicompost (0, 50 and 100%) and Sulphur (0, 50 and 100%). It was observed that the treatment of the application of 100% @ (NPK) +100% @ VC + 100 % @ S (T9) was best in terms of growth parameters in maximum plant height (124.01 cm), Number of branches (12.28), No. of leaves (75.96), number of silique plant-1 (168.67), test weight (4.24) and total yield was highest i.e. (19.90 qha-1).
A multicomponent snapshot of pharmaceuticals and pesticides in the river Meuse basin
Authors: Houtman Corine J. , ten Broek Rob , de Jong Kevin , Pieterse Bart , Kroesbergen Jan 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

The river Meuse serves as a drinking-water source for more than 6 million people in France, Belgium, and The Netherlands. Pharmaceuticals and pesticides, both designed to be biologically active, are important classes of contaminants present in this river. The variation in the presence of pharmaceuticals in time and space in the Dutch part of the Meuse was studied using a multicomponent analytical method for pharmaceuticals combined with univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of the results. Trends and variation in time in the presence of pharmaceuticals were investigated in a dead-end side stream of the Meuse that serves as an intake point for the production of drinking water, and 93% of the selected compounds were detected. Highest concentrations were found for the antidiabetic metformin. Furthermore, a spatial snapshot of the presence of pharmaceuticals and pesticides was made along the river Meuse. Principal component analysis was successfully applied to reveal that wastewater-treatment plant effluent and water composition at the Belgian border were the main factors determining which compounds are found at different locations. The Dutch part of the river basin appeared responsible for approximately one-half of the loads of pharmaceuticals and pesticides discharged by the Meuse into the North Sea. The present study showed that multicomponent monitoring in combination with principal component analysis is a powerful tool to provide insight into contamination patterns in surface waters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2449–2459. © 2013 SETAC
Organic thin‐film transistor fabricated between flexible films by thermal lamination
Authors: Sakai M. , Okamoto T. , Yamazaki Y. , Hayashi J. , Yamaguchi S. , Kuniyoshi S. , Yamauchi H. , Sadamitsu Y. , Hamada M. , Kudo K. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe propose a novel and complementary method for fabrication of flexible electronics. This method is not based on conventional printing using inks, but is based on the application of a toner‐based method such as Xerox or laser printing, followed by a lamination process. The lamination method is a solvent‐free and material‐saving process that simultaneously seals the devices, and the fabricated flexible devices have structural durability against bending. We have also shown that thermal lamination has an oriented growth effect, and the electrical characteristics of flexible organic field‐effect transistors did not degrade under a bending radius of 1 mm.magnified imageIn our thermal lamination method, organic thin film transistors are fabricated by a desktop laminator, like making plastic laminated cards.(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sexual Activity During Pregnancy in Taiwan: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Liu Hsin-Li , Hsu Pohan , Chen Kuang-Ho 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Pregnancy is a special period in a woman's life that involves physical and mental changes. These changes are influenced by cultural, social, religious, and emotional factors among others.

Aim
The aims of this article were to gather information, to describe the changes and behavior of sexual experiences in pregnancy, and to identify the reasons why pregnant women from central Taiwan decrease coital frequency during pregnancy.

Methods
This phenomenological qualitative research was intended to respond to open-ended questions that allowed the respondents to elaborate on the individuals' experiences. We collected data from in-depth, tape-recorded, and semi-structured interviews conducted in a cross-sectional study of 62 healthy pregnant women. The investigation ended when three consecutive interviewed subjects could not offer any new activities, which indicated that the study had reached its saturation point.

Main Outcome Measures
We performed data collection and content analysis to ensure standards of rigor and reliability. Credibility was enhanced by prolonged engagement, triangulation, referential adequacy, member checking, and expert review; we categorized meaningful unit-codes in a mutually exclusive and exhaustive manner into perceptions, experiences, and practices such that common themes were grouped into categories.

Results
Three themes emerged: negative aspects of sexual experiences; stress and emotional responses; and changes in sexual practices. The majority of the women stopped engaging in coital activities during pregnancy. We determined that in most cases, the 62 participants obtained information regarding sexual activity during pregnancy from postpartum women and the Internet.

Conclusions
The current evidence-based findings encourage the provision of sexuality education to newlyweds and the discussion of sex-related issues during pregnancy. We propose developing strategies for increasing sexual knowledge and focusing on emotional support to decrease pregnant women's anxiety regarding sexuality in Taiwan.
Minimum Distraction Gap: How Much Ankle Joint Space is Enough in Ankle Distraction Arthroplasty?
Authors: Fragomen Austin T. , McCoy Thomas H. , Meyers Kathleen N. , Rozbruch S. Robert 
Published: September 2013

Background The success of ankle distraction arthroplasty relies on the separation of the tibiotalar articular surfaces. Question/Purpose The purpose of this study was to find the minimum distraction gap needed to ensure that the tibiotalar joint surfaces would not contact each other with full weight-bearing while under distraction. Methods Circular external fixators were mounted to nine cadaver ankle specimens. Each specimen was then placed into a custom-designed load chamber. Loads of 0, 350, and 700N were applied to the specimen. Radiographic joint space was measured and joint contact pressure was monitored under each load. The external fixator was then sequentially distracted, and the radiographic joint space was measured under the three different loads. The experiment was stopped when there was no joint contact under 700N of load. The radiographic joint space was measured and the initial (undistracted) radiographic joint space was subtracted from it yielding the distraction gap. The minimum distraction gap (mDG) that would provide total unloading was calculated. Results The average mDG was 2.4 mm (range, 1.6 to 4.0 mm) at 700N of load, 4.4 mm (range, 3.7 to 5.8 mm) at 350N of load, and 4.9 mm (range, 3.7 to 7.0 mm) at 0N of load. Conclusion These results suggest that if the radiographic joint space of on a standing X-ray of an ankle undergoing distraction arthroplasty shows a minimum of 5.8 mm of DG, then there will be no contact between joint surfaces during full weight-bearing. Therefore, 5 mm of radiographic joint space, as recommended historically, may not be adequate to prevent contact of the articular surfaces during weight-bearing.
Gemcitabine-loaded PLGA-PEG immunonanoparticles for targeted chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Aggarwal Sahil , Gupta Swati , Pabla Dilrose , Murthy R. S. R. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The aim of the present study was the direct covalent coupling of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the surface of poly(lactide)-co-glycolide (PLGA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoparticles in order to achieve a cell type-specific drug carrier system against pancreatic cancer. The PLGA-PEG-NH2 diblock copolymer was synthesized by coupling reaction via amide linkage between PEG-diamine and activated PLGA. PLGA and PLGA-PEG-NH2 nanoparticles loaded with gemcitabine were prepared using the double-emulsion solvent evaporation method. PLGA-PEG immunonanoparticles were prepared by glutaraldehyde mediated cross-linking method. The conjugated antibody was analysed by transmission electron microscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis. Cell viability study was performed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and cell uptake study was performed on fluorescein isothiocyanate-loaded formulations using confocal microscopy. The PAGE results indicated that mAb integrity was remained intact in the formulations after conjugation. Biological activity was confirmed under cell culture conditions: antibody-conjugated nanoparticles showed specific targeting to EGFR-overexpressing MIA PaCa-2 cell lines as shown in fluorescence image using confocal microscopy. The obtained data provide the basis for the development of stable and biologically active carrier systems for direct targeting of tumour cells using antibody-conjugated PLGA-PEG nanoparticles. Direct covalent coupling of antibodies to nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker is an appropriate method to achieve cell type-specific drug carrier systems based on PLGA-PEG nanoparticles and the anti-EGFR-decorated PLGA-PEG nanoparticles have potentials to be applied for targeted chemotherapy against EGFR positive cancers.
Nonlinear waves on the surface of a fluid covered by an elastic sheet
Authors: Deike Luc , Bacri Jean-Claude , Falcon Eric 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe experimentally study linear and nonlinear waves on the surface of a fluid covered by an elastic sheet where both tension and flexural waves occur. An optical method is used to obtain the full space–time wave field, and the dispersion relation of the waves. When the forcing is increased, a significant nonlinear shift of the dispersion relation is observed. We show that this shift is due to an additional tension of the sheet induced by the transverse motion of a fundamental mode of the sheet. When the system is subjected to a random-noise forcing at large scales, a regime of hydroelastic wave turbulence is observed with a power-law spectrum of the scale, in disagreement with the wave turbulence prediction. We show that the separation between relevant time scales is well satisfied at each scale of the turbulent cascade as expected theoretically. The wave field anisotropy, and finite size effects are also quantified and are not at the origin of the discrepancy. Finally, the dissipation is found to occur at all scales of the cascade, contrary to the theoretical hypothesis, and could thus explain this disagreement.
Toward second-moment closure modelling of compressible shear flows
Authors: Gomez Carlos A. , Girimaji Sharath S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCompressibility profoundly affects many aspects of turbulence in high-speed flows, most notably stability characteristics, anisotropy, kinetic–potential energy interchange and spectral cascade rate. We develop a unified framework for modelling pressure-related compressibility effects by characterizing the role and action of pressure in different speed regimes. Rapid distortion theory is used to examine the physical connection between the various compressibility effects leading to model form suggestions for pressure–strain correlation, pressure–dilatation and dissipation evolution equations. The closure coefficients are established using fixed-point analysis by requiring consistency between model and DNS asymptotic behaviour in compressible homogeneous shear flow. The closure models are employed to compute high-speed mixing layers and boundary layers. The self-similar mixing-layer profile, increased Reynolds stress anisotropy and diminished mixing-layer growth rates with increasing Mach number are all well captured. High-speed boundary-layer results are also adequately replicated even without the use of advanced thermal-flux models or low-Reynolds-number corrections.
Optimal control of dissimilar heat and momentum transfer in a fully developed turbulent channel flow
Authors: Yamamoto A. , Hasegawa Y. , Kasagi N. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSustained friction drag reduction and heat transfer augmentation are simultaneously achieved in a fully developed channel flow where the averaged transport equations and wall boundary conditions for momentum and heat have identical form. Zero-net-mass-flux wall blowing and suction is assumed as a control input and its spatio-temporal distribution is determined based on optimal control theory. When the root-mean-square value of the control input is 5 % of the bulk mean velocity, the friction drag is decreased by 24 % from the uncontrolled value, whereas the heat transfer is more than doubled. Optimizations with different amplitudes of the control input and different Reynolds numbers reveal that the optimal control inputs commonly exhibit the property of a downstream travelling wave, whose wavelength is ∼250 in wall units and phase velocity is ∼30 % of the bulk mean velocity. Detailed analyses of the controlled velocity and thermal fields show that the travelling wave input contributes to dissimilar heat transfer enhancement through two distinct mechanisms, i.e. direct modification of the coherent velocity and thermal fields and an indirect effect on the random fields. The present results show that the divergence-free velocity vector and the conservative scalar are essentially different, and this is a key to achieving dissimilar heat transfer enhancement in turbulent shear flows.
A nonlinear model for indirect combustion noise through a compact nozzle
Authors: Huet Maxime , Giauque Alexis 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe present paper deals with the generation of sound by the passage of acoustic or entropy perturbations through a nozzle in the nonlinear regime and in the low-frequency limit. The analytical model of Marble and Candel for compact nozzles (J. Sound Vib., vol. 55, 1977, pp. 225–243), initially developed for excitations in the linear regime, is rederived and extended to the nonlinear domain. Full nonlinear and second-order models are written for both subcritical and supercritical nozzles in the absence of shock and a detailed methodology is provided for the resolution of the second-order system. The accuracy of the second-order model is assessed for entropy forcings. It is shown to be accurate for all waves, with the exception of the upstream generated wave for subcritical diverging geometries where higher-order nonlinear contributions cannot be neglected. In the context of indirect combustion noise, the phenomenon of regime change of the nozzle due to an incoming entropy fluctuation is also addressed. Regime change is related to a Mach number modification induced by temperature and velocity fluctuations. In the present study, it translates into a limitation of the maximum amplitude of the incoming entropy forcing. Such limitations are to be considered for subcritical nozzles with significant inlet or outlet Mach numbers, where the flow transition is observed even for very low-amplitude entropy excitations. With the constraint of those limitations, the analytical extended nozzle describing functions representing the full nonlinear response for indirect combustion noise are validated through detailed comparisons with numerical simulations.
The dissipation and shear dispersion of entropy waves in combustor thermoacoustics
Authors: Morgans Aimee S. , Goh Chee Su , Dahan Jeremy A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper considers the effect of flow advection on entropy waves. The interest is in whether entropy waves persist in gas turbine combustors, between the flame, where they are generated, and the combustor exit, where their acceleration generates acoustic waves (known as ‘entropy noise’ or ‘indirect combustion noise’). Entropy wave advection within a simplified fully developed turbulent channel-flow simulation is investigated. Entropy wave dissipation is found to be negligible, with loss of entropy wave strength caused predominantly by mean flow shear dispersion. The impulse response of entropy perturbations downstream of where they are generated is shown to be well modelled by a Gaussian profile in time. This yields a (different) Gaussian form for the inlet–outlet transfer function of entropy perturbations. For representative gas turbine flows, the magnitude of this transfer function is such that significant entropy wave strength will remain at the combustor exit, confirming that entropy-generated acoustic waves are likely to be important.
‘As His was Not a Surgical Case it was Not MyDutyto Attend Him’: The Surgeon’s Role in the Nineteenth-Century Royal Dockyards
Authors: Biddle Richard 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDespite a varied historical literature on the nineteenth-century royal dockyards, very little has been written about the health issues associated with naval shipbuilding or the healthcare facilities that were provided for dockworkers in the period. This article focuses mainly on the latter. Drawing on archival sources from the home dockyards, an examination is made of the duties and responsibilities of dockyard surgeons. These are found to have expanded considerably as healthcare provision became steadily more comprehensive. It is argued that as providers to a civilian workforce, the naval authorities were in the vanguard when it came to implementing perceived advances in medical practice. It is also contended, however, that while many dockworkers benefited as a result, this positive appraisal needs to be set against the more ambiguous aspects of the surgeon’s role. Although surgeons treated the sick and injured, their growing prominence in other dockyard matters, such as retirement and the policing of sickness, is shown to have created tension in their relationship with the workforce.
Polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor gene are associated with the development of psychopathy
Authors: Dadds Mark R. , Moul Caroline , Cauchi Avril , Dobson-Stone Carol , Hawes David J. , Brennan John , Urwin Ruth , Ebstein Richard E. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe co-occurrence of child conduct problems (CPs) and callous–unemotional (CU) traits confers risk for psychopathy. The oxytocin (OXT) system is a likely candidate for involvement in the development of psychopathy. We tested variations in the OXT receptor gene (OXTR) in CP children and adolescents with varying levels of CU traits. Two samples of Caucasian children, aged 4–16 years, who met DSM criteria for disruptive behavior problems and had no features of autism spectrum disorder, were stratified into low versus high CU traits. Measures were the frequencies of nine candidate OXTR polymorphisms (single nucleotide polymorphisms). In Sample 1, high CU traits were associated with single nucleotide polymorphism rs1042778 in the 3′ untranslated region of OXTR and the CGCT haplotype of rs2268490, rs2254298, rs237889, and rs13316193. The association of rs1042778 was replicated in the second rural sample and held across gender and child versus adolescent age groups. We conclude that polymorphic variation of the OXTR characterizes children with high levels of CU traits and CPs. The results are consistent with a hypothesized role of OXT in the developmental antecedents of psychopathy, particularly the differential amygdala activation model of psychopathic traits, and add genetic evidence that high CU traits specify a distinct subgroup within CP children.