bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposed Actions for the US Food and Drug Administration to Implement to Minimize Adverse Effects Associated With Energy Drink Consumption
Authors: Thorlton Janet , Colby David A. , Devine Paige 
Published: May 2014

Energy drink sales are expected to reach $52 billion by 2016. These products, often sold as dietary supplements, typically contain stimulants. The Dietary Supplement Protection Act claims an exemplary public health safety record. However, in 2011 the number of emergency department visits related to consumption of energy drinks exceeded 20 000. Nearly half of these visits involved adverse effects occurring from product misuse. Political, social, economic, practical, and legal factors shape the landscape surrounding this issue. In this policy analysis, we examine 3 options: capping energy drink caffeine levels, creating a public education campaign, and increasing regulatory scrutiny regarding the manufacture and labeling of energy drinks. Increased regulatory scrutiny may be in order, especially in light of wrongful death lawsuits related to caffeine toxicity resulting from energy drink consumption.
Comparing Medical and Dental Providers of Oral Health Services on Early Dental Caries Experience
Authors: Kranz Ashley M. , Rozier R. Gary , Preisser John S. , Stearns Sally C. , Weinberger Morris , Lee Jessica Y. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. Most state Medicaid programs reimburse nondental primary care providers (PCPs) for providing preventive oral health services to young children. We examined the association between who (PCP, dentist, or both) provides these services to Medicaid enrollees before age 3 years and oral health at age 5 years. Methods. We linked North Carolina Medicaid claims (1999–2006) to oral health surveillance data (2005–2006). Regression models estimated oral health status (number of decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth) and untreated disease (proportion of untreated decayed teeth), with adjustment for relevant characteristics and by using inverse-probability-of-treatment weights to address confounding. Results. We analyzed data for 5235 children with 2 or more oral health visits from a PCP, dentist, or both. Children with multiple PCP or dentist visits had a similar number of overall mean decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth in kindergarten, whereas children with only PCP visits had a higher proportion of untreated decayed teeth. Conclusions. The setting and provider type did not influence the effectiveness of preventive oral health services on children’s overall oral health. However, children having only PCP visits may encounter barriers to obtaining dental treatment.
CFD Performance Analysis of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled by Landfill Gas
Authors: Swain Daniel , Shrestha S.O. Bade 
Published: May 2014

Landfill gas (LFG) that is generated in an anaerobic environment in landfills and consists primarily of methane
and carbondioxide with small amount of nitrogen and other non-methane gases, could be collected and used to produce
energy either by extracting methane or using the landfill gas directly in an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine. It
amounts to be a net-negative greenhouse gas emission process. Carbondioxide component of LFG dilutes the fuel and
absorbs some of the heat of combustion, causing reduced flame temperature that decreases NOx emissions and also
suppresses knock.
A model was developed and validated with the experimental data available in literature, using the computation fluid
dynamic (CFD) code, KIVA-4. Various engine performance parameters at various operating conditions were evaluated
and the benefits of methane purification and or direct use of LFG as a fuel in the engine scenarios were compared. It was
found that landfill gas used directly at higher compression ratios can be used for pure methane fuel with higher fuel
efficiency than can be achieved using pure methane fuel only.
Kinematic regulation of time and frequency domain components of accelerations measured at the tibia during heel-toe running
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan , Taylor Paul J. , Hobbs Sarah J. 
Published: May 2014

PurposeThe transmission of tibial accelerations through the musculoskeletal system may contribute to the aetiology of injuries. Therefore, determining the mechanisms that regulate impact accelerations may have potential clinical significance. This study aimed to determine the influence of lower extremity kinematics on the regulation of both time and frequency domain characteristics of tibial accelerations during running.MethodsForty participants ran at 4.0 m • s<sup>–1</sup> ± 5%. Three-dimensional joint kinematics from the hip, knee and ankle were measured using an eight-camera motion analysis system operating at 250 Hz. Regression analyses treating time and frequency domain tibial acceleration parameters as criterion variables were used to identify lower extremity parameters associated with the passive regulation of impact accelerations.ResultsThe overall regression model yielded an adj. <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.13, <i>p</i> &#8804 0.01. Knee flexion velocity at footstrike was identified as a significant regulator of tibial accelerations in the time domain. No kinematic variables were identified as significantly related to the frequency domain properties of the signal.ConclusionsThe findings of the current investigation suggest that sagittal plane knee flexion velocity at footstrike can regulate the magnitude of impact loading linked to the development of chronic injuries.
Styles of coping with stress and locus of control in sporting situations in a group of young female football players
Authors: Rutkowska Katarzyna , Bergier Józef , Witkowski Zbigniew 
Published: May 2014

PurposeThe objective of the present study to analyse the styles of coping with stress and the locus of control (LOC) in specific sporting situations of female football players and seeking relationships between the analysed variables.MethodsThe study included 50 female football players aged 16–18 years. Two psychological instruments were administered: the Polish language Questionnaire for Examining Locus of Control in Sports Activity (PKSPwS) and the Polish version of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS).ResultsThe mean level of the investigated LOC dimensions as well as the styles of coping with stress showed that behaviour associated with avoidance and emotions predominated over task-oriented style. However, taskoriented style was positively related to the locus of control in specific situations that occur in sport.ConclusionsThe results of the study suggest that social support and educational initiatives adapted to female athletes are required. These include mental training and the psycho-pedagogical intervention of coaches, where emphasis should be placed on enhancing internal locus of control as well as the development and improvement of effective stress-coping styles.
Age related hearing loss and level of education
Authors: Vuckovic Dragana , Biino Ginevra , Panu Francesco , Pirastu Mario , Gasparini Paolo , Girotto Giorgia 
Published: May 2014

Objective:
Age related hearing loss (ARHL) or presbyacusis is a complex condition caused by an interaction between environmental and genetic factors and is the most prevalent sensory impairment in the elderly. To date, only few environmental/lifestyle risk factors have been found. Research into risk factors underlying ARHL is increasingly urgent as populations grow older. Here, we investigate the relationship between ARHL and educational/occupational factors in a large cohort of people from isolated villages in Italy, Crimea region, Caucasus and Central Asia.

Methods:
Two thousand and sixty-eight people (aged 40–95 years) were recruited and analysed. Education was classified at five levels: no education, elementary, secondary, high school and university. Cases and controls were defined after a detailed evaluation of the hearing phenotype. Data were analysed using a mixed-effects logistic regression.

Results:
A statistically significant association between ARHL and education was detected. People with no education showed a higher association with the condition than people with a higher education (p < 0.001). Explanations could be many, including individual jobs. A strong correlation (ϕ > 0.45) between occupation and level of education was also found.

Conclusion:
Present findings provide a better knowledge of environment/lifestyle factors related to ARHL and might help in defining new preventive strategies for aging people.
Headache relief after anterior cervical discectomy: post hoc analysis of a randomized investigational device exemption trial
Authors: Schrot Rudolph J. , Mathew Jesna S. , Li Yueju , Beckett Laurel , Bae Hyun W. , Kim Kee D. 
Published: May 2014

Object
The authors analyzed headache relief after anterior cervical discectomy. Headache may be relieved after anterior cervical discectomy, but the mechanism is unknown. If headaches were directly referred from upper cervical pathology, more headache relief would be expected from surgery performed at higher cervical levels. If spinal kinesthetics were the mechanism, then headache relief may differ between arthroplasty and fusion. Headache relief after anterior cervical discectomy was quantified by the operated disc level and by the method of operation (arthroplasty vs arthrodesis).

Methods
The authors performed a post hoc analysis of an artificial disc trial. Data on headache pain were extracted from the Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire.

Results
A total of 260 patients underwent single-level arthroplasty or arthodesis. Preoperatively, 52% reported NDI headache scores of 3 or greater, compared with only 13%–17% postoperatively. The model-based mean NDI headache score at baseline was 2.5 (95% CI 2.3–2.7) and was reduced by 1.3 points after surgery (95% CI 1.2–1.4, p < 0.001). Higher cervical levels were associated with a greater degree of preoperative headache, but there was no association with headache relief. There was no significant difference in headache relief between arthroplasty and arthrodesis.

Conclusions
Most patients with symptomatic cervical spondylosis have headache as a preoperative symptom (88%). Anterior cervical discectomy with both arthroplasty and arthrodesis is associated with a durable decrease in headache. Headache relief is not related to the level of operation. The mechanism for headache reduction remains unclear.
The trough-system algorithm and its application to spatial modeling of Greenland subglacial topography
Authors: Herzfeld Ute C. , McDonald Brian W. , Wallin Bruce F. , Chen Phillip A. , Mayer Helmut , Paden John , Leuschen Carlton J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDynamic ice-sheet models are used to assess the contribution of mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet to sea-level rise. Mass transfer from ice sheet to ocean is in a large part through outlet glaciers. Bed topography plays an important role in ice dynamics, since the acceleration from the slow-moving inland ice to an ice stream is in many cases caused by the existence of a subglacial trough or trough system. Problems are that most subglacial troughs are features of a scale not resolved in most ice-sheet models and that radar measurements of subglacial topography do not always reach the bottoms of narrow troughs. The trough-system algorithm introduced here employs mathematical morphology and algebraic topology to correctly represent subscale features in a topographic generalization, so the effects of troughs on ice flow are retained in ice-dynamic models. The algorithm is applied to derive a spatial elevation model of Greenland subglacial topography, integrating recently collected radar measurements (CReSIS data) of the Jakobshavn Isbræ, Helheim, Kangerdlussuaq and Petermann glacier regions. The resultant JakHelKanPet digital elevation model has been applied in dynamic ice-sheet modeling and sea-level-rise assessment.
Lack of Resistance to Integrase Inhibitors among Antiretroviral-Naive Subjects with Primary HIV-1 Infection, 2007–2013
Authors: Stekler Joanne D , McKernan Jennifer , Milne Ross , Tapia Kenneth A , Mykhalchenko Kateryna , Holte Sarah , Maenza Janine , Stevens Claire E , Buskin Susan E , Mullins James I , Frenkel Lisa M , Collier Ann C 
Published: May 2014

Background US guidelines recommend genotyping for persons newly diagnosed with HIV infection to identify transmitted drug resistance mutations associated with decreased susceptibility to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. To date, testing for integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) mutations has not been routinely recommended. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of transmitted INSTI mutations among persons with primary HIV-1 infection in Seattle, WA, USA. Methods Persons with primary HIV-1 infection have enrolled in an observational cohort at the University of Washington Primary Infection Clinic since 1992. We performed a retrospective analysis of plasma specimens collected prospectively from the 82 antiretroviral-naive subjects who were enrolled from 2007–2013, after FDA-approval of the first INSTI. Resistance testing was performed by consensus sequencing. Results Specimens for analysis had been obtained a median of 24 (IQR 18–41, range 8–108) days after the estimated date of HIV-1 infection. All subjects were infected with HIV-1 subtype B except for one subject infected with subtype C. Consensus sequencing identified no subjects with major INSTI mutations (T66I, E92Q, G140S, Y143C/H/R, S147G, Q148H/K/R, N155H). Using exact binomial CIs, the upper bound of the 95% CI was 4.4%. Conclusions Although our sample size was small, this study does not support the need at this time to evaluate integrase mutations as part of routine consensus sequencing among persons newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection. However, it is likely that the prevalence of transmitted INSTI mutations may increase with the recent commercial introduction of additional INSTIs and presumably greater INSTI use among persons living with HIV-1.
Cytopenias during Treatment of HIV–HCV-Coinfection with Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin: Safety Analysis of the OPERA Study
Authors: Pontali Emanuele , Angeli Elena , Cattelan Anna M , Maida Ivana , Nasta Paola , Verucchi Gabriella , Caputo Antonietta , Iannacone Claudio , Puoti Massimo 
Published: May 2014

Background Until recently, recommendations for HCV treatment in HIV-coinfected patients have been combination therapy with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV). However, this treatment is often accompanied with cytopenias which lead to drug-dose reduction/discontinuation, therefore influencing sustained virological response (SVR). This study aimed at evaluating incidence and predictors of cytopenias and to define their impact on SVR in Italian HIV–HCV-coinfected patients undergoing PEG-IFN/RBV treatment. Methods OPERA was a multicentric, observational study conducted in 98 Italian centres. Patients with HIV–HCV coinfection were administered with PEG-IFN/RBV combination treatment for 48 weeks. Incidence and time of onset of cytopenias and multiple bone marrow toxicity (mBMT) was monitored. Logistic regression analysis assessed factors associated with SVR, anaemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and mBMT. Results Between 2005 and 2011, 1,523 patients were enrolled. Anaemia (haemoglobin <10 g/dl) occurred in 197 (12.9%) patients and a haemoglobin drop ≥3 g/dl was recorded in 796 (52.3%). Anaemia did not impact on SVR, its rate being 42.1% and 38.1%, respectively, in patients with and without anaemia ( P=0.31). Therapy discontinuation due to anaemia occurred in 47 patients (3.1%). Neutropenia (<1,000 neutrophils/mm3) occurred in 652 (42.8%) patients, and SVR was higher ( P<0.001) for patients with neutropenia (44.8%) compared to without neutropenia (34%). Patients developing neutropenia did not have an increased risk of developing infections. Thrombocytopenia (<100,000 platelets/mm3) occurred in 595 (39.1%) patients, SVR was not influenced by it (38.2% versus 38.9% in patients with and without thrombocytopenia, respectively; P=0.79), and 16 patients (1.1%) discontinued therapy due to it. Cirrhosis was found in 148/734 evaluated patients (20.2%) and was significantly associated with thrombocytopenia ( P<0.0001). mBMT was found in 417 patients (27.4%). Conclusions Cytopenias are frequent side effects of PEG-IFN/RBV combination therapy in HIV–HCV-coinfected patients. However, SVR is not negatively affected by their presence, nor is there an increased risk of infections in patients developing neutropenia. Several predicting factors for the onset of cytopenias have been unravelled, which will help to identify early those patients at high risk of developing cytopenia.
La fabrique des footballeurs : la fabrique de « mauvais garçons » ?
Authors: Bertrand Julien 
Published: May 2014

Épiés, observés dans leurs faits et gestes, souvent décriés, les footballeurs professionnels laissent rarement insensibles. Ils sont même une cible de choix pour des commentateurs qui n’en finissent pas de brocarder leur « individualisme » et leur absence de « valeurs ». Ces sportifs n’en restent pas moins souvent mal connus et décrits à grand renfort d’amalgames. À partir d’une enquête sociologique menée dans les écoles qui forment en France ces footballeurs de métier (les centres de formation), Julien Bertrand éclaire certains des travers qui leur sont reprochés et invite à interroger les ressorts de ces désapprobations publiques.
Le foot français, les noirs et les arabes
Authors: Simon Patrick 
Published: May 2014

Les rapports entre football et immigration sont anciens et structurants. La circulation internationale des joueurs et l’incorporation de jeunes d’origine immigrée dans les équipes locales et nationales font du football une vitrine cosmopolite et mondialisée. Pour autant depuis l’éphémère glorification de l’équipe « Black-Blanc-Beur » en France en 1998, la place des joueurs d’origine immigrée dans les clubs et dans l’équipe nationale, en particulier ceux liés à l’immigration postcoloniale, fait l’objet de nombreux débats. Faisant suite aux attaques contre l’équipe « Black-Black-Black » proférées par Alain Finkelkraut ou Georges Frêche, une réunion du staff de la Direction technique nationale a évoqué en 2011 le projet de limiter la présence de joueurs des minorités ethno-raciales. Révélée par le site Mediapart , « l’affaire des quotas » et les réactions qu’elle a suscitées sont utilisées par Patrick Simon dans cet article pour analyser les relations entre le foot français et les minorités.
Le football féminin face aux institutions : maltraitance et conquêtes sociales
Authors: Fortems Annie 
Published: May 2014

Pionnière du football féminin contemporain, cofondatrice du club de Juvisy et capitaine de l’équipe pendant douze années, Annie Fortems nous livre un témoignage instructif sur l’histoire et la place du football féminin au sein de la Fédération française de football. Une histoire « empreinte de maltraitance » qu’il faut connaître pour permettre au football féminin de trouver une place entière dans ce sport national.
Première mi-temps : discriminations
Authors: Achin Catherine , Andro Armelle , Epstein Renaud 
Published: May 2014

Il existe encore des espaces dans lesquels le football demeure une pratique festive, un support de liens sociaux et de transformations sociales. Mais les acteurs et actrices de cet « autre football » sont confronté.e.s à des tensions permanentes, qui les interrogent dans leur ambition de faire de la pratique de ce sport un levier d’éducation populaire ou d’action politique. Pour essayer de saisir ce qui se passe dans ces autres lieux du football, Mouvements a réuni autour d’une table ronde Cécile Chartrain et Veronica Noseda, membres fondatrices de l’association « Les Dégommeuses », Marwan Mohammed, fondateur et ancien entraîneur d’un club de futsal et Nicolas Kssis-Markov, journaliste à So Foot et impliqué à la Fédération sportive et gymnique du travail (FSGT). Cette table ronde 1 est organisée, comme il se doit, en deux mi-temps : dans la première, les intervenant.e.s dressent un constat des discriminations rencontrées dans leur trajectoire de footeux.euse ; dans la seconde, ils et elles reviennent sur leur goût pour ce sport, leurs pratiques militantes et leurs dilemmes.
Et si assurer sa relève dépendait aussi de la manière dont les prédécesseurs réussissent à se désengager ?
Authors: Cadieux Louise , Lorrain Jean 
Published: May 2014

Résumé Au moins 70 % de toutes les entreprises sont familiales. Présentes dans tous les secteurs d’activité, au Canada seulement elles généreraient un chiffre d’affaires supérieur à 1,3 billion de dollars annuellement et procureraient un emploi à plus de 50 % de la main-d’œuvre. Or, parmi celles-ci, bon nombre vivront d’ici peu leur premier transfert générationnel auquel, suivant la tendance, seules 30 % devraient survivre. Bien que la littérature consultée donne une vue d’ensemble du processus de succession, il faut en admettre les limites, notamment en ce qui concerne la dernière phase, celle du désengagement. En théorie, cette phase se distingue des précédentes par le retrait officiel du prédécesseur de la gouvernance de l’entreprise. Jusqu’alors seul maître à bord, celui-ci passerait d’un rôle de chef à d’autres rôles plus discrets. Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude de cas menée auprès de cinq prédécesseurs qui ont mis en place leur relève, depuis au moins deux ans, et qui ont su s’approprier de nouveaux rôles.
L'envoi systématique du rapport annuel global aux actionnaires : une pratique en voie de disparition?
Authors: Girard Aline , Rakoto Philémon 
Published: May 2014

Résumé	La pratique traditionnelle des sociétés ouvertes consistant à faire parvenir systématiquement un rapport annuel global à leurs actionnaires est en voie de disparition. En effet, plusieurs sociétés américaines et canadiennes, sous prétexte de déposer leurs informations comptables et financières auprès des autorités en valeurs mobilières ou sur leur site web, abandonnent cette pratique. Pourtant, rendre l’information disponible et communiquer l’information aux principaux intéressés sont deux actions différentes. Dans le contexte actuel de la surveillance et de l’amélioration de la gouvernance des entreprises, les sociétés abandonnant cet envoi systématique s’acquittent-elles de leur responsabilité quant à la communication? Dans cet article, nous présentons la situation. Ensuite, nous examinons les diverses réglementations eu égard à la communication avec les actionnaires. Puis, afin d’apporter un éclairage sur la responsabilité des entreprises en matière de communication, nous abordons certaines théories de la communication. Enfin, nous suggérons aux sociétés et aux organismes de réglementation une pratique renouvelée de production de rapports et de distribution de ceux-ci aux actionnaires.
Reality and Accounting: The Case for Interpretive Accounting Research
Authors: Maali Bassam Mohammad , Jaara Osama Omar 
Published: May 2014

Economic reality plays an important role in accounting practice and standard setting process. Different views exist on the nature of economic reality and how to approach it; while advocates of the positivism paradigm view reality as independently existing, advocates of interpretive paradigm view reality as socially constructed. It is argued in this paper that utilizing interpretive view to the world in accounting research is better able to capture the economic reality that is socially constructed and much affected by our account of it. This is because accounting is a social science and is better understood by gaining the views of different parties involved, which is largely done by utilizing interpretive accounting research.