bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stakeholders’ views of the Baby Friendly Initiative implementation and impact: a mixed methods study
Authors: Fair Frankie Joy , Morison Alison , Soltani Hora 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) was launched in 1991 as an intervention to support healthy infant feeding practices, but its global coverage remains around 10%. This study aimed to explore stakeholders’ views of the Baby Friendly Initiative (BFI) programme, the barriers and facilitators to accreditation and its perceived impact.

Methods
A mixed methods approach was used. An online survey was distributed through numerous professional networks from September 2020 to November 2020. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, with simple content analysis undertaken on open-ended responses. Individual semi-structured interviews were also undertaken and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results
A total of 322 respondents completed the survey in part or in full, mainly from the United Kingdom. Fifteen key stakeholders and two maternity service users undertook interviews. Respondents were from various professional backgrounds and currently worked in different roles including direct care of women and their families, public health, education and those responsible for purchasing health services. Survey respondents viewed the BFI to have the greatest impact on breastfeeding initiation, duration, and infant health outcomes. Three overall themes were identified. The first was “BFI as an agent for change”. Most participants perceived the need to implement the whole package, but views were mixed regarding its impact and the accreditation process. Secondly, BFI was regarded as only “one part of a jigsaw”, with no single intervention viewed as adequate to address the complex cultural context and social and health inequities that impact breastfeeding. Finally, “cultural change and education” around breastfeeding were viewed as essential for women, staff and society.

Conclusions
The BFI is not a magic bullet intervention. To create a more supportive breastfeeding environment within society a holistic approach is required. This includes social and cultural changes, increased education ideally starting at school age, and advancing positive messaging around breastfeeding within the media, as well as fully banning breastmilk substitute advertising. Although the BFI comprises a whole package, few survey respondents rated all aspects as equally important. Additional evidence for the effectiveness of each element and the importance of the whole package need to be established and communicated.
Fragile X Syndrome and FMR1 premutation: results from a survey on associated conditions and treatment priorities in Italy
Authors: Montanaro Federica Alice Maria , Alfieri Paolo , Caciolo Cristina , Brunetti Alessia , Airoldi Alessandra , de Florio Anna , Tinella Luigi , Bosco Andrea , Vicari Stefano 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and objectives
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability, caused by CGG-repeat expansions (> 200) in the FMR1 gene leading to lack of expression. Espansion between 55 and 200 triplets fall within the premutation range (PM) and can lead to different clinical conditions, including fragile X- primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI), fragile X-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (FXAND) and fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Although there is not a current cure for FXS and for the Fragile X-PM associated conditions (FXPAC), timely diagnosis as well as the implementation of treatment strategies, psychoeducation and behavioral intervention may improve the quality of life (QoL) of people with FXS or FXPAC. With the aim to investigate the main areas of concerns and the priorities of treatment in these populations, the Italian National Fragile X Association in collaboration with Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, conducted a survey among Italian participants.

Method
Here, we present a survey based on the previous study that Weber and colleagues conducted in 2019 and that aimed to investigate the main symptoms and challenges in American individuals with FXS. The survey has been translated into Italian language to explore FXS needs of treatment also among Italian individuals affected by FXS, family members, caretakers, and professionals. Furthermore, we added a section designated only to people with PM, to investigate the main symptoms, daily living challenges and treatment priorities.

Results
Anxiety, challenging behaviors, language difficulties and learning disabilities were considered the major areas of concern in FXS, while PM was reported as strongly associated to cognitive problems, social anxiety, and overthinking. Anxiety was reported as a treatment priority in both FXS and PM.

Conclusion
FXS and PM can be associated with a range of cognitive, affective, and physical health complications. Taking a patient-first perspective may help clinicians to better characterize the cognitive-behavioral phenotype associated to these conditions, and eventually to implement tailored therapeutic approaches.
Building RadiologyNET: an unsupervised approach to annotating a large-scale multimodal medical database
Authors: Napravnik Mateja , Hržić Franko , Tschauner Sebastian , Štajduhar Ivan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The use of machine learning in medical diagnosis and treatment has grown significantly in recent years with the development of computer-aided diagnosis systems, often based on annotated medical radiology images. However, the lack of large annotated image datasets remains a major obstacle, as the annotation process is time-consuming and costly. This study aims to overcome this challenge by proposing an automated method for annotating a large database of medical radiology images based on their semantic similarity.

Results
An automated, unsupervised approach is used to create a large annotated dataset of medical radiology images originating from the Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Croatia. The pipeline is built by data-mining three different types of medical data: images, DICOM metadata and narrative diagnoses. The optimal feature extractors are then integrated into a multimodal representation, which is then clustered to create an automated pipeline for labelling a precursor dataset of 1,337,926 medical images into 50 clusters of visually similar images. The quality of the clusters is assessed by examining their homogeneity and mutual information, taking into account the anatomical region and modality representation.

Conclusions
The results indicate that fusing the embeddings of all three data sources together provides the best results for the task of unsupervised clustering of large-scale medical data and leads to the most concise clusters. Hence, this work marks the initial step towards building a much larger and more fine-grained annotated dataset of medical radiology images.
The dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist KBP-336 elicits a unique combination of weight loss, antinociception and bone protection – a novel disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug
Authors: Mohamed Khaled Elhady , Larsen Anna Thorsø , Melander Simone , Andersen Frederik , Kerrn Ellen Barendorff , Karsdal Morten Asser , Henriksen Kim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite the extensive research to provide a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD), there is still no approved DMOAD. Dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists (DACRA) can provide metabolic benefits along with antinociceptive and potential structural preserving effects. In these studies, we tested a DACRA named KBP-336 on a metabolic model of OA in meniscectomised (MNX) rats.

Methods
We evaluated KBP-336’s effect on pain-like symptoms in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats on high-fat diet (HFD) that underwent meniscectomy using the von Frey test to measure the 50% paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Short in vivo studies and in vitro cell receptor expression systems were used to illustrate receptor pharmacology.

Results
After 30 weeks on HFD, including an 8-week treatment, female MNX animals receiving KBP-336 4.5 nmol/Kg/72 h had lower body weight and smaller adipose tissues than their vehicle-treated counterparts. After 20 weeks on HFD, including an 8-week treatment, male rats receiving KBP-336 had lower body weight than the vehicle group. In both the female and male rats, the MNX groups on KBP-336 treatment had a higher PWT than the vehicle-treated MNX group. Aiming to identify the receptor influencing pain alleviation, KBP-336 was compared to the long-acting human calcitonin (hCTA). Single-dose studies on 12-week-old male rats showed that hCTA lowers CTX-I without affecting food intake, confirming its calcitonin receptor selectivity. On the metabolic OA model with 18 weeks of HFD, including 6-week treatment, hCTA at 100 nmol/Kg/24 h and KBP-336 at 0.5, 1.5, and 4.5 nmol/Kg/72 h produced significantly higher PWT in MNX animals compared to MNX animals on vehicle treatment. hCTA and KBP-336 at 0.5 nmol/Kg did not affect body weight and fat tissues.

Conclusion
Overall, KBP-336 improved the pain observed in the metabolic OA model. Calcitonin receptor activation proved to be essential in this antinociceptive effect.
Selective depletion of Campylobacter jejuni via T6SS dependent functionality: an approach for improving chickens gut health
Authors: Gupta Subhadeep , Biswas Prakash , Das Bishnu , Mondal Samiran , Gupta Parna , Das Dipjyoti , Mallick Amirul Islam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe targeted depletion of potential gut pathogens is often challenging because of their intrinsic ability to thrive in harsh gut environments. Earlier, we showed that Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) exclusively uses the Type-VI Secretion System (T6SS) to target its prey such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), and phenotypic differences between T6SS-negative and T6SS-positive C. jejuni isolates toward bile salt sensitivity. However, it remains unclear how the target-driven T6SS functionality prevails in a polymicrobial gut environment. Here, we investigated the fate of microbial competition in an altered gut environment via bacterial T6SS using a T6SS-negative and -positive C. jejuni or its isogenic mutant of the hemolysin-coregulated protein (hcp). We showed that in the presence of bile salt and prey bacteria (E. coli), T6SS-positive C. jejuni experiences enhanced intracellular stress leading to cell death. Intracellular tracking of fluorophore-conjugated bile salts confirmed that T6SS-mediated bile salt influx into C. jejuni can enhance intracellular oxidative stress, affecting C. jejuni viability. We further investigated whether the T6SS activity in the presence of prey (E. coli) perturbs the in vivo colonization of C. jejuni. Using chickens as primary hosts of C. jejuni and non-pathogenic E. coli as prey, we showed a marked reduction of C. jejuni load in chickens cecum when bile salt solution was administered orally. Analysis of local antibody responses and pro-inflammatory gene expression showed a reduced risk of tissue damage, indicating that T6SS activity in the complex gut environment can be exploited as a possible measure to clear the persistent colonization of C. jejuni in chickens.
Prevalence of diabetes among Indigenous women in Guatemala: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Alajajian Stephen , Bartolimin Jenny , Martin Yolanda Juarez , Scott Caitlin , Rohloff Peter , Flood David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of diabetes in a clinical population of primarily Indigenous women in Guatemala.

Results
In a retrospective chart review of a clinical program serving 13,643 primarily Indigenous women in Guatemala, crude diabetes prevalence was 8.3% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 7.8 to 8.7) and age-adjusted diabetes prevalence was 7.9% (95% CI: 7.3 to 8.5). Among those with diabetes, 37.9% (95% CI: 35.1 to 40.8) of women were undiagnosed. Diabetes prevalence rose significantly with increasing age and was significantly higher among women with obesity (risk ratio: 1.4 [95% CI: 1.1 to 1.8]) and among women least likely to be in poverty (risk ratio: 2.0 [95% CI: 1.5 to 2.6]). Diabetes prevalence was significantly lower among Indigenous women (risk ratio: 0.7 [95% CI: 0.6 to 0.9]) and among women who spoke Mayan languages rather than Spanish (risk ratio: 0.7 [95% CI: 0.6 to 0.9]). There was no significant difference in diabetes prevalence between women who lived in rural settings and women who lived in urban settings.
Assessing the potential of acoustic telemetry to underpin the regional management of basking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus)
Authors: Thorburn James , Collins Patrick C. , Garbett Amy , Vance Heather , Phillips Natasha , Drumm Alan , Cooney Joseph , Waters Catherine , Ó’Maoiléidigh Niall , Johnston Emmett , Dolton Haley R. , Berrow Simon , Hall Graham , Hall Jackie , Delvillar Diego , McGill Ross , Whoriskey Fred , Fangue Nann A. , McInturf Alexandra G. , Rypel Andrew L. , Kennedy Richard , Lilly Jessie , Rodger Jessica R. , Adams Colin E. , van Geel Nienke C. F. , Risch Denise , Wilkie Lorna , Henderson Suzanne , Mayo Paul A. , Mensink Paul J. , Witt Matthew J. , Hawkes Lucy A. , Klimley A. Peter , Houghton Jonathan D. R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAcoustic telemetry can provide valuable space-use data for a range of marine species. Yet the deployment of species-specific arrays over vast areas to gather data on highly migratory vertebrates poses formidable challenges, often rendering it impractical. To address this issue, we pioneered the use of acoustic telemetry on basking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus) to test the feasibility of using broadscale, multi-project acoustic receiver arrays to track the movements of this species of high conservation concern through the coastal waters of Ireland, Northern Ireland, and Scotland. Throughout 2021 and 2022, we tagged 35 basking sharks with acoustic transmitters off the west coast of Ireland; 27 of these were detected by 96 receiver stations throughout the study area (n = 9 arrays) with up to 216 detections of an individual shark (mean = 84, s.d. 65). On average, sharks spent ~ 1 day at each acoustic array, with discrete residency periods of up to nine days. Twenty-one sharks were detected at multiple arrays with evidence of inter-annual site fidelity, with the same individuals returning to the same locations in Ireland and Scotland over 2 years. Eight pairs of sharks were detected within 24 h of each other at consecutive arrays, suggesting some level of social coordination and synchronised movement. These findings demonstrate how multi-project acoustic telemetry can support international, cost-effective monitoring of basking sharks and other highly mobile species. Decision support tools such as these can consolidate cross-border management strategies, but to achieve this goal, collaborative efforts across jurisdictions are necessary to establish the required infrastructure and secure ongoing support.
Understanding the role of magnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticle to mitigate cadmium stress in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: Aslam Amina , Noreen Zahra , Rashid Madiha , Aslam Muhammad , Hussain Tanveer , Younas Afifa , Fiaz Sajid , Attia Kotb A. , Mohammed Arif Ahmed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHeavy metals stress particularly cadmium contamination is hotspot among researchers and considered highly destructive for both plants and human health. Iron is examined as most crucial element for plant development, but it is available in inadequate amount because they are present in insoluble Fe3+ form in soil. Fe3O4 have been recently found as growth promoting factor in plants. To understand, a sand pot experiment was conducted in completely randomized design (control, cadmium, 20 mg/L Fe3O4 nanoparticles,40 mg/L Fe3O4 nanoparticles, 20 mg/L Fe3O4 nanoparticles + cadmium, 40 mg/L Fe3O4 nanoparticles + cadmium) to study the mitigating role of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on cadmium stress in three Raphanus sativus cultivars namely i.e., MOL SANO, MOL HOL PARI, MOL DAQ WAL. The plant growth, physiological and biochemical parameters i.e.,shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh and dry weight, MDA content, soluble protein contents, APX, CAT, POD activities and ion concentrations, membrane permeability, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and anthocyanin content, respectively were studied. The results displayed that cadmium stress remarkably reduces all growth, physiological and biochemical parameters for allcultivars under investigation. However, Fe3O4 nanoparticles mitigated the adverse effect of cadmium by improving growth, biochemical and physiological attributes in all radish cultivars. While, 20 mg/L Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been proved to be more useful against cadmium stress. The outcome of present investigation displayed that Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be utilized for mitigating heavy metal stress.
Phylogenomics identifies parents of naturally occurring tetraploid bananas
Authors: Lin Yu-En , Chiu Hui-Lung , Wu Chung-Shien , Chaw Shu-Miaw 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Triploid bananas are almost sterile. However, we succeeded in harvesting seeds from two edible triploid banana individuals (Genotype: ABB) in our conservation repository where various wild diploid bananas were also grown. The resulting rare offspring survived to seedling stages. DNA content analyses reveal that they are tetraploid. Since bananas contain maternally inherited plastids and paternally inherited mitochondria, we sequenced and assembled plastomes and mitogenomes of these seedlings to trace their hybridization history.

Results
The coding sequences of both organellar genomic scaffolds were extracted, aligned, and concatenated for constructing phylogenetic trees. Our results suggest that these tetraploid seedlings be derived from hybridization between edible triploid bananas and wild diploid Musa balbisiana (BB) individuals. We propose that generating female triploid gametes via apomeiosis may allow the triploid maternal bananas to produce viable seeds.

Conclusions
Our study suggests a practical avenue towards expanding genetic recombination and increasing genetic diversity of banana breeding programs. Further cellular studies are needed to understand the fusion and developmental processes that lead to formation of hybrid embryos in banana reproduction, polyploidization, and evolution.
The development of mathematics expectancy﻿-value profiles during the secondary–tertiary transition into STEM fields
Authors: Mayerhofer Martin , Lüftenegger Marko , Eichmair Michael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
To master the secondary–tertiary transition into fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), academic self-beliefs play a pivotal role, especially those related to learning mathematics. The framework of expectancy-value theory has been used widely in primary and secondary education and partly in tertiary education to assess the self-beliefs of students in terms of expectancy of success and perceived value of mathematics. Based on this framework, we measured how the intrinsic value, the attainment value, the utility value, and the cost of learning mathematics as well as the expectancy of success when learning mathematics developed during the secondary–tertiary transition of students into STEM fields. Data were collected in a quantitative repeated-measures questionnaire study with two measurement points (measurement point 1: n = 710, measurement point 2: n = 487, listwise: n = 409). We conducted a latent profile analysis to identify the prevalent patterns of mathematics self-beliefs, called profiles, at each of the two measurement points. We studied the relation of these profiles to prior education, achievement at school, and achievement at university. By performing a latent transition analysis, we determined the probabilities of transitioning from the initial profiles to the posterior profiles.

Results
Our analysis revealed four distinct prevalent profiles at each measurement point, ranging from highly favorable (i.e., high expectancy, high value, low cost) to highly unfavorable with respect to learning mathematics. The profiles with favorable manifestations remained stable over time, while those with undesirable manifestations deteriorated further. We observed a sharp increase in cost across all profiles. Prior achievement correlated strongly with profile membership.

Conclusions
The expenditure of time and energy increased sharply during the secondary–tertiary transition, independently of the students’ initial motivational patterns. The perceived utility of mathematics for potential future careers was shown to be a significant source of motivation. The role of mathematics in future careers should thus be made visible in university teaching. Keeping the detrimental development of initially undesirable motivational profiles in mind, university teachers should create ample opportunities for students to gain a sense of accomplishment.
Exploring factors associated with bleeding events after open heart surgery in patients on dialysis − effects of the presence or absence of warfarin therapy
Authors: Suzuki Masanori , Hasegawa Yuki , Tanabe Hiroaki , Koinuma Masayoshi , Funakoshi Ryohkan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Perioperative management of patients on dialysis is critical for controlling bleeding and thrombotic risk, in addition to infection control. Postoperative anticoagulation is often difficult to control, and different institutions have different policies. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate factors associated with postoperative bleeding events and whether warfarin (WF) therapy affects the incidence of postoperative bleeding events, total mortality, and stroke.

Methods
Patients who were admitted to the cardiovascular surgery department and underwent valve replacement or plasty were included, and those who underwent mechanical valve introduction were excluded. Thirty-nine patients were included in the study. The primary endpoint was to identify factors associated with the composite endpoint of postoperative bleeding events, and the secondary endpoint was to determine the effect size of WF therapy on postoperative bleeding events, all-cause mortality, and stroke and the strength of association between the crossed endpoints. The strength of the association between the crossed items was examined.

Results
Low body weight (p = 0.038) was identified as a factor associated with the primary endpoint of postoperative bleeding events. The secondary endpoint of whether or not patients received WF therapy was largely unrelated to bleeding events, all-cause mortality, and postoperative stroke up to 90 days after surgery.

Conclusions
Preliminary studies suggest that low body weight is a risk factor for postoperative bleeding events in patients on dialysis, although further exploration of other factors will be necessary with the accumulation of similar cases.