bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The NIOSH Lifting Equation and Low-Back Pain, Part 1
Authors: Garg Arun , Boda Sruthi , Hegmann Kurt T. , Moore J. Steven , Kapellusch Jay M. , Bhoyar Parag , Thiese Matthew S. , Merryweather Andrew , Deckow-Schaefer Gwen , Bloswick Donald , Malloy Elizabeth J. 
Published: May 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate relationships between the revised NIOSH lifting equation (RNLE) and risk of low-back pain (LBP). Background: The RNLE is commonly used to quantify job physical stressors to the low back from lifting and/or lowering of loads. There is no prospective study on the relationship between RNLE and LBP that includes accounting for relevant covariates. Method: A cohort of 258 incident-eligible workers from 30 diverse facilities was followed for up to 4.5 years. Job physical exposures were individually measured. Worker demographics, medical history, psychosocial factors, hobbies, and current LBP were obtained at baseline. The cohort was followed monthly to ascertain development of LBP and quarterly to determine changes in job physical exposure. The relationship between LBP and peak lifting index (PLI) and peak composite lifting index (PCLI) were tested in multivariate models using proportional hazards regression. Results: Point and lifetime prevalences of LBP at baseline were 7.1% and 75.1%, respectively. During follow-up, there were 123 incident LBP cases. Factors predicting development of LBP included job physical exposure (PLI and PCLI), history of LBP, psychosocial factors, and housework. In adjusted models, risk (hazard ratio [HR]) increased per-unit increase in PLI and PCLI ( p = .05 and .02; maximum HR = 4.3 and 4.2, respectively). PLI suggested a continuous increase in risk with an increase in PLI, whereas the PCLI showed elevated, but somewhat reduced, risk at higher exposures. Conclusion: Job physical stressors are associated with increased risk of LBP. Data suggest that the PLI and PCLI are useful metrics for estimating exposure to job physical stressors.
Is telephone review feasible and potentially effective in low vision services?
Authors: Parkes Claire , Lennon Julie , Harper Robert 
Published: May 2013

Purpose: Demographic transformations within the UK population combine to contribute to a substantial increase in demand for low vision (LV) services, creating a pressing need to reconsider the appropriate methods for service provision. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of using telephone triage to assess the need for, and timing of, LV follow-up appointments. Methods: A cohort of new patients attending the LV Clinic at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital (MREH) was recruited, independent of vision or visual impairment (VI) registration status. Four weeks after this initial clinic assessment, each patient was telephoned and a structured review was conducted. All patients were subsequently followed up at 3 months in the LV clinic. Results: A total of 52 patients were recruited, with the corrected ‘better-eye’ visual acuity (VA) ranging from 0.18 logMAR (6/9.5 + 1) to 1.36 logMAR (6/152 + 2) with a mean of 0.66 logMAR (6/30 + 2). In total, 36 patients completed all aspects of the study. At telephone review, 70 (93%) of the low vision aids (LVAs) loaned were reported to have been used on at least one occasion. Ten patients (22%) were deemed to not require follow-up, 15 (33%) were judged to benefit from an earlier (1 month) review, and 16 (35%) were judged to require 3-month follow-up. Reminding patients at telephone review provided a significant increase in adherence with advice to bring any loaned devices to clinic review ( p < 0.01). Face-to-face clinic review outcomes at 3 months permitted some insight into the effectiveness of telephone triage. Conclusions: Implementing telephone review is feasible for triaging LV follow-up requirements. A number of patient issues can be dealt with immediately and effectively at telephone review, potentially negating the need for a face-to-face clinic review for some patients while identifying a more pressing need for earlier review in others, factors that might improve cost-effectiveness of service provision if subjected to formal health economic evaluation.
Patient and family experiences of palliative care in hospital:  What do we know? An integrative review
Authors: Robinson Jackie , Gott Merryn , Ingleton Christine 
Published: May 2013

Background: In most developed countries, acute hospitals play a significant role in palliative care provision and are the setting in which most people die. They are often the setting where a life-limiting diagnosis is made and where patients present when symptoms develop or when they are not well managed. Understanding the experiences of hospital admissions for people with a life-limiting illness and their families is essential in understanding the role acute hospitals play in providing palliative care. Aim: The aim of this review is to synthesise current evidence regarding the experience of palliative care in an acute hospital setting from the perspectives of patient and family. Design: An integrative review was completed using standard processes followed by a process of data extraction and synthesis. Data sources: Using predefined search terms, literature was sourced from five electronic databases including MEDLINE (EBSCO), CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane and PsycINFO between January 1990 and November 2011. Reference lists from relevant articles were cross-checked and pertinent journals hand searched for articles. Results: In total, 32 articles were included in the review. Five recurring themes were identified from the synthesised data: symptom control and burden, communication with health professionals, decision-making related to patient care and management, inadequate hospital environment and interpersonal relationships with health professionals. Conclusion: This review has identified that, largely as a result of study design, our knowledge of patient and family experiences of palliative care in an acute hospital remains limited to discrete aspects of care. Further research is required to explore the total patient and family experience taking into account all aspects of care including the potential benefits of hospital admissions in the last year of life.
Accuracy of routine fat-suppressed FLAIR and diffusion-weighted images in detecting clinically evident acute optic neuritis
Authors: McKinney Alexander M , Lohman Brandon D , Sarikaya Basar , Benson Michael , Lee Michael S , Benson Manferd T 
Published: May 2013

Background Contrast-enhanced, fat-suppressed T1-weighted imaging (CET1WI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is quite sensitive in detecting acute optic neuritis (ON), but ON remains a clinical diagnosis. MRI is indicated to evaluate demyelinating brain lesions rather than the optic nerves, while “routine” brain protocols typically include axial FLAIR and DWI. Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of axial, fat-suppressed FLAIR and DWI sequences used for our routine brain imaging in detecting acute ON, as compared to CET1WI and the clinical diagnosis. Material and Methods The clinical data and MRI examinations were retrospectively reviewed of 60 patients presenting to a neuro-ophthalmologist for various visual symptoms. Each patient underwent dedicated neuro-ophthalmologic examination, with axial 5 mm fat-suppressed FLAIR and DWI (part of “routine” brain MRI protocol), as well as 3 mm axial and coronal fat-suppressed CET1WI (part of dedicated orbit MRI protocol). Two neuroradiologists independently evaluated FLAIR and DWI, while CET1WI was reviewed by consensus. Results Thirty-one patients were clinically positive, 29 negative for ON (total = 34 positive and 86 negative nerves). The sensitivities of FLAIR, DWI, and CET1WI for ON were 75.7–77.3%, 77.3%, and 89.5%, respectively; the specificities were 90.5–93.5%, 80.4–82.7%, and 86.0%, respectively; the accuracies were 85.7–88.2%, 79.5–81.1%, and 87.0%, respectively. Inter-observer kappa was 0.783 for FLAIR, and 0.605 for DWI; intra-observer kappa was 0.746–0.816 for FLAIR, and 0.674–0.699 for DWI (each P < 0.0001). Conclusion Being more specific, but not as sensitive, as dedicated CET1WI in acute ON, axial fat-suppressed FLAIR likely has additional value in evaluating for acute ON in “routine” brain MR protocols evaluating for demyelinating disease, while DWI may be hampered by artifacts.
A time series analysis of presentations to Queensland health facilities for alcohol-related conditions, following the increase in ‘alcopops’ tax
Authors: Kisely Steve , Crowe Elizabeth , Lawrence David , White Angela , Connor Jason 
Published: May 2013

Objective: In response to concerns about the health consequences of high-risk drinking by young people, the Australian Government increased the tax on pre-mixed alcoholic beverages (‘alcopops’) favoured by this demographic. We measured changes in admissions for alcohol-related harm to health throughout Queensland, before and after the tax increase in April 2008. Methods: We used data from the Queensland Trauma Register, Hospitals Admitted Patients Data Collection, and the Emergency Department Information System to calculate alcohol-related admission rates per 100,000 people, for 15 – 29 year-olds. We analysed data over 3 years (April 2006 – April 2009), using interrupted time-series analyses. This covered 2 years before, and 1 year after, the tax increase. We investigated both mental and behavioural consequences (via F10 codes), and intentional/unintentional injuries (S and T codes). Results: We fitted an auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, to test for any changes following the increased tax. There was no decrease in alcohol-related admissions in 15 – 29 year-olds. We found similar results for males and females, as well as definitions of alcohol-related harms that were narrow (F10 codes only) and broad (F10, S and T codes). Conclusions: The increased tax on ‘alcopops’ was not associated with any reduction in hospital admissions for alcohol-related harms in Queensland 15 – 29 year-olds.
Oral health of patients on psychotropic medications: a study of outpatients in Queensland
Authors: Lalloo Ratilal , Kisely Steve , Amarasinghe Hemantha , Perera Roshnal , Johnson Newell 
Published: May 2013

Objective: To describe the oral health of psychiatric patients on psychotropic medication, and compare this to Queensland and national data. Methods: We interviewed and examined 50 patients on medication at two outpatient clinics in South-east Queensland, in 2010. These areas had unfluoridated water till 2009. Results: One-third of the sample had not visited a dentist in the previous 2 years. One-half reported brushing their teeth once a day; 11% stated they never brushed. The mean of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) was 17.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 16.9 – 18.5), significantly higher than the state (13.1) and national (12.8) averages. Almost one-half of dental decay was untreated, compared to the state and national average of one-quarter. Conclusions: The oral health of this subgroup within the community is substantially worse than the general population and there are substantially greater treatment needs. Achieving equity in oral health care for these individuals has substantial resource and management implications.
Probation as a setting for building well-being through integrated service provision: evaluating an Offender Health Trainer service
Authors: Dooris Mark , McArt Dervla , Hurley Margaret A , Baybutt Michelle 
Published: May 2013

Introduction: The NHS Health Trainer Programme was launched in England and Wales in 2005 with the aim of tackling health inequalities. While initially focusing on geographical communities, the initiative has extended its reach to particular population groups, such as offenders and their families, who experience high levels of physical and mental health needs and wider social exclusion. This paper reports on the evaluation of the Offender Health Trainer service delivered in probation settings in Bury, Rochdale and Oldham (Greater Manchester). This service has sought to improve the health of offenders, improve their access to mainstream services, and help reduce health inequalities – as well as facilitate rehabilitation and improve job prospects for ex-offenders through employment as health trainers. Aims: This evaluative research study aimed to explore the delivery of the Offender Health Trainer service and examine its impact on service users. The study design and limited time frame meant that the research was focused on the journeys of service users rather than on long-term outcomes. Methods: The evaluation used a mixed-methods approach, comprising two key elements: the interrogation and analysis of routinely collected quantitative data extracted from the National Health Trainer Data Collection Recording System (DCRS); and in-depth qualitative research using interviews and focus groups with clients and health trainers. Results: The evaluation points to the overall success of the service in meeting its aims and impacting positively on the lives of offenders. It reveals promising trends in behaviour change and self-perceived health and well-being, articulating a rich narrative detailing how the service has helped probation clients tackle multiple interwoven problems and build hope and self-belief. Of particular importance was the health trainers’ experience of the criminal justice system, which resonated with and inspired clients, developing trust and motivation to change. Conclusions: While the research inevitably had limitations, this study suggests that the health trainer model can be effectively implemented within the probation setting, making a valuable contribution to the improvement of offenders’ health and well-being by working in ways that acknowledge the connections between personal lifestyle and wider determinants of health. Within the context of forthcoming probation reforms, it will be increasingly important to develop services that highlight these links and to invest in appropriate evaluation that can generate further learning about ‘what works and why’.
The PROTOE Intramedullary Hammertoe Device
Authors: Scott Ryan T. , Hyer Christopher F. , Berlet Gregory C. 
Published: May 2013

Hammertoe digital deformity correction is a very controversial topic among foot and ankle surgeons. Hammertoes are characterized by an extension deformity at the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) and flexion deformity at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ). Current treatment options are often guided by the patient’s discomfort as well as the reducibility of the affected digit. Kirschner wires (K-wires) have long been considered the gold standard for hammertoe digital repair. Although K-wires are simplistic to use as fixation, they carry inherit risks such as pin tract infections, migration, and breakage. This has lead to multiple intramedullary hammertoe devices including the PROTOE intramedullary device. This paper will discuss the usage and benefits the PROTOE has to offer over the conventional K - wire. Level of Evidence: IV
Functional modelling of planar cell polarity: an approach for identifying molecular function
Authors: Hazelwood Lee D , Hancock John M 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Background
Cells in some tissues acquire a polarisation in the plane of the tissue in addition to apical-basal polarity. This polarisation is commonly known as planar cell polarity and has been found to be important in developmental processes, as planar polarity is required to define the in-plane tissue coordinate system at the cellular level.

Results
We have built an in-silico functional model of cellular polarisation that includes cellular asymmetry, cell-cell signalling and a response to a global cue. The model has been validated and parameterised against domineering non-autonomous wing hair phenotypes in Drosophila.

Conclusions
We have carried out a systematic comparison of in-silico polarity phenotypes with patterns observed in vivo under different genetic manipulations in the wing. This has allowed us to classify the specific functional roles of proteins involved in generating cell polarity, providing new hypotheses about their specific functions, in particular for Pk and Dsh. The predictions from the model allow direct assignment of functional roles of genes from genetic mosaic analysis of Drosophila wings.
Characterization of the transporterB0AT3 (Slc6a17) in the rodent central nervous system
Authors: Hägglund Maria GA , Hellsten Sofie V , Bagchi Sonchita , Ljungdahl Anna , Nilsson Victor CO , Winnergren Sonja , Stephansson Olga , Rumaks Juris , Svirskis Simons , Klusa Vija , Schiöth Helgi B , Fredriksson Robert 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
The vesicular B0AT3 transporter (SLC6A17), one of the members of the SLC6 family, is a transporter for neutral amino acids and is exclusively expressed in brain. Here we provide a comprehensive expression profile of B0AT3 in mouse brain using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.

Results
We confirmed previous expression data from rat brain and used a novel custom made antibody to obtain detailed co-labelling with several cell type specific markers. B0AT3 was highly expressed in both inhibitory and excitatory neurons. The B0AT3 expression was highly overlapping with those of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1). We also show here that Slc6a17mRNA is up-regulated in animals subjected to short term food deprivation as well as animals treated with the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine and the dopamine/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor bupropion.

Conclusions
This suggests that the B0AT3 transporter have a role in regulation of monoaminergic as well as glutamatergic synapses.
Combined use of AFP, CEA, CA125 and CAl9-9 improves the sensitivity for the diagnosis of gastric cancer
Authors: He Chao-Zhu , Zhang Kun-He , Li Qing , Liu Xiao-Hua , Hong Yan , Lv Nong-Hua 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
The detection of serum tumor marker becomes a common method for screening tumors. However, this method has not been widely used for routine gastric cancer screening. In this study we aimed to determine whether the combined use of tumor markers may increase the sensitivity for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Methods
Serum AFP, CEA, CA125 and CA19-9 levels were measured in 149 patients with gastric cancer, 111 patients with benign gastric diseases and 124 healthy people, who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from May 2011 to May 2012. Statistical analysis including receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the curve (AUC), and logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of these markers on gastric cancer.

Results
Serum levels of CEA, CA125, and CA19-9 in gastric cancer group were higher than that in the benign gastric disease group and the healthy control group (P <0.005). The sensitivity of AFP, CEA, CA125 and CA19-9 in the diagnosis of gastric cancer was 4.7-20.8% individually, and increased to 40.3% in combination. By using optimal cut-off value, the sensitivity of CEA, CA125, and CA19-9 for the diagnosis of gastric cancer was improved. Especially, the sensitivity of CEA increased to 58.4% and the sensitivity of combined use of four markers increased to 69.1%. The age and gender had no effects on the diagnostic value of these markers.

Conclusions
The determination and application of optimal cut-off values based on ROC curve and logistic regression analysis could improve the diagnosis of gastric cancer based on common tumor markers.
Urinary high molecular weight matrix metalloproteinases as non-invasive biomarker for detection of bladder cancer
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed A , Seleim Manar F , Abdalla Mohga S , Sharada Hayat M , Abdel Wahab Abdel Hady A 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key molecules for tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Over-expression of different MMPs in tumor tissues can disturb the homeostasis and increase the level of various body fluids. Many MMPs including high molecular weights (HMWs) were detected in the urine of prostate and bladder cancer patients. Our aim here is to assess the usefulness of HMW MMPs as non invasive biomarkers in bilharzial bladder cancer in Egyptian patients.

Methods
The activity of different MMPs including HMW species was determined using zymographic analysis technique in the urine samples procured from sixty six bladder cancer patients (bilharzial and non-bilharzial) as well as hundred healthy control subjects. Also, the correlation between these HMW MMPs activities and different clinico-pathological parameters was investigated.

Results
High frequency of urine MMPs (uMMPs) activity was determined in 63.6% of examined tumor cases, however, none of the control cases showed any uMMPs activity. MMP-9 had the highest activity (62%) followed by MMP9/NGAL (60%), MMP-2 (54.5%), MMP-9 dimer (53%), ADAMTS (25.6%), and the lowest one was MMP-9/TIMP-1 (12%) only. There was no correlation between uMMPs and any of clinico-pathological parameters including age, gender, tumor size and type, bilharziasis, grade, lymph node involvement, and invasion to the prostate. A significant correlation was established only between MMP-9/TIMP-1 activities with the tumor size.

Conclusions
This study revealed that the detection of urinary MMPs including HMWs activity might be sensitive biomarkers for prediction of bladder cancer. It is also demonstrate that the detection of these urinary HMW gelatinases could not differentiate between bilharzial and non bilharzial bladder cancer subtypes.
Performance analysis of generalized QAM modulation under η−μ and κ−μ fading
Authors: Queiroz Wamberto J. L. , Madeiro Francisco , Lopes Waslon T. A. , Alencar Marcelo S. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This paper presents new closed-form expressions for the symbol error probability (SEP) of θ-QAM modulation with maximum ratio combining (MRC) receiver under η−μ and κ−μ fading. The SEP formulae, obtained from the definite integrals of the moment generating function (MGF) of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the input of the MRC receiver, are written in terms of Lauricella functions. The numerical evaluation of the expressions is carried out for the η−μ distribution, which includes important distributions as special cases, such as Hoyt, Nakagami-m, Rayleigh, and one-sided Gaussian, as well as for the κ−μ distribution, which includes Rice, Nakagami-m, Rayleigh, and one-sided Gaussian as special cases.