bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment depression as a prognostic indicator of survival and nutritional status in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Kim Shin‐Ae , Roh Jong‐Lyel , Lee Sang‐Ah , Lee Sang‐wook , Kim Sung‐Bae , Choi Seung‐Ho , Nam Soon Yuhl , Kim Sang Yoon 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDThe emotional status of cancer patients is associated with disease course and treatment outcomes. In this study, the authors evaluated associations between the presence of pretreatment depression and pretreatment quality of life (QOL), nutritional status, and survival outcomes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).METHODSFor this prospective study, 241 patients with previously untreated HNSCC who underwent curative treatments were enrolled. Patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)‐II, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) 30‐item Core QOL Questionnaire (QLQ‐C30), and the EORTC QLQ Head and Neck Cancer module (QLQ‐H&N35). EORTC QLQ scores were compared between depressive and nondepressive patients, as determined according to pretreatment BDI‐II scores ≥14 and <14, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess whether the presence of depression was associated with overall survival, disease‐free survival (DFS), or posttreatment changes in nutritional status and laboratory data.RESULTSPretreatment depression was present in 60 patients (24.9%). In depressive and nondepressive patients, the 3‐year overall survival rates were 70.8% and 82.7%, respectively (P = .045), and the 3‐year DFS rates were 63.5% and 79.1%, respectively (P = .015). After controlling for clinical factors, the presence of depression was predictive of 3‐year DFS (P = .032). EORTC QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐HN35 scores on all items except feeding tube, nutritional supplement, and problem with mouth opening differed between depressive and nondepressive patients (P < .05). Depressive patients had lower pretreatment serum albumin levels than nondepressive patients (P < .05).CONCLUSIONSThere was a significant correlation between pretreatment depression and pretreatment QOL, nutritional status, and survival outcomes in patients with HNSCC. Cancer 2016;122:131–140. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Earth‐Abundant Cu2CoSnS4 Nanofibers for Highly Efficient H2 Evolution at Soft Interfaces
Authors: Ozel Faruk , Yar Adem , Aslan Emre , Arkan Emre , Aljabour Abdalaziz , Can Mustafa , Patir Imren Hatay , Kus Mahmut , Ersoz Mustafa 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCu2CoSnS4 (CCTS) nanofibers have been fabricated by electrospinning and exhibit an excellent morphology with an average nanofiber diameter of 150 nm. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was used as templating polymer that leads to a decrease in imperfections in the crystalline nanofibers. CCTS and Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanofibers, based on abundant and environmental friendly elements, efficiently enhanced the rates of biphasic proton reduction in the presence of an organic solubilized electron donor, decamethylferrocene (DMFc). This work paves the way for the exploration of copper‐based chalcogenides as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction to replace noble metal Pt.
Secure communications in multiple amplify‐and‐forward relay networks with outdated channel state information
Authors: Deng Dan , Fan Lisheng , Zhao Rui , Hu Rose Qingyang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of outdated channel state information on relay selection for a secure amplify‐and‐forward relay network. In the considered system, one of the multiple amplify‐and‐forward relays is selected to assist the secure transmission from the source to the destination, where secure transmission may be wiretapped by multiple eavesdroppers. To enhance the system security, two relay selection criteria are considered to choose the best relay, and the selection is performed in time‐varying Rayleigh block‐fading channel environments. We study the effect of the outdated channel state information on the system secrecy performance by deriving the analytical secrecy outage probability as well as the asymptotic expression with main‐to‐eavesdropper ratio. From the asymptotic expressions, it can be found that the diversity order of the secrecy outage probability for both the criteria remains unity, regardless of the number of relays and the number of eavesdroppers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adenovirus‐mediated delivery of Factor H attenuates complement C3 induced pathology in the murine retina: a potential gene therapy for age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Cashman Siobhan M. , Gracias Jessica , Adhi Mehreen , Kumar‐Singh Rajendra 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the elderly, with no therapy available for 90% of patients. Recent genetic evidence implicates activation of complement in the pathogenesis of AMD. We have recently discovered that adenovirus (Ad)‐mediated expression of complement component C3 (AdCMVC3) in the murine retina recapitulates many of the pathological features found in human AMD. In the present study, utilizing a gene therapy approach, we examine whether Ad‐mediated expression of complement Factor H (AdCAGfH) attenuates AdCMVC3‐mediated retinal pathology.MethodsAdCMVC3 was co‐injected with either AdCAGfH or a negative control virus expressing green fluorescent protein (AdCMVGFP) into the subretinal space of adult mice. The resulting retinal pathology was analyzed by histology and immunocytochemistry and retinal function was quantified by electroretinography.ResultsMorphological and functional analyses indicated that AdCMVC3‐mediated retinal pathology could be attenuated by AdCAGfH. Specifically, endothelial cell proliferation was reduced by 91% and atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) could be attenuated by 69%. AdCAGfH injected eyes exhibited 90–150% greater A‐wave and 120–180% greater B‐wave amplitudes relative to control eyes. Immunocytochemical analysis of rhodopsin and RPE65 was consistent with the rescue of photoreceptors and RPE in AdCAGfH injected eyes.ConclusionsC3‐induced pathology in murine retina can be attenuated by Ad‐mediated expression of Factor H. Expression of Factor H is worthy of further study as a potential gene therapy for AMD. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary development of an ultrabrief two‐item bedside test for delirium
Authors: Fick Donna M. , Inouye Sharon K. , Guess Jamey , Ngo Long H. , Jones Richard N. , Saczynski Jane S. , Marcantonio Edward R. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDDelirium is common, morbid, and costly, yet is greatly under‐recognized among hospitalized older adults.OBJECTIVETo identify the best single and pair of mental status test items that predict the presence of delirium.DESIGN, SETTINGDiagnostic test evaluation study that enrolled medicine inpatients aged 75 years or older at an academic medical center.METHODSPatients underwent a clinical reference standard assessment involving a patient interview, medical record review, and interviews with family members and nurses to determine the presence or absence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition defined delirium. Participants also underwent the three‐dimensional Confusion Assessment Method (3D‐CAM), a brief, validated assessment for delirium. Individual items and pairs of items from the 3D‐CAM were evaluated to determine sensitivity and specificity relative to the reference standard delirium diagnosis.RESULTSOf the 201 participants (mean age 84 years, 62% female), 42 (21%) had delirium based on the clinical reference standard. The single item with the best test characteristics was “months of the year backwards” with a sensitivity of 83% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 69%‐93%) and specificity of 69% (95% CI: 61%‐76%). The best 2‐item screen was the combination of “months of the year backwards” and “what is the day of the week?” with a sensitivity of 93% (95% CI: 81%‐99%) and specificity of 64% (95% CI: 56%‐70%).CONCLUSIONSWe identified a single item with >80% and pair of items with >90% sensitivity for delirium. If validated prospectively, these items will serve as an initial innovative screening step for delirium identification in hospitalized older adults. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:645–650. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Existential–Experiential View of Self‐Sourced (In)Authentic Healthcare Identity
Authors: Koskiniemi Anne , Perttula Juha , Syväjärvi Antti 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn the healthcare context, both nurses and doctors derive their professional identities from diverse backgrounds, thus resulting in two distinct professions. Becoming a leader and forming a leader identity that is separate from a strong professional identity is a difficult task. However, assuming a leader identity is considered an important aspect of actually being a leader, not just a professional with a leader position. The current article explores authenticity in generic healthcare leader identity formation by utilizing the concept of professional identity. Instead of committing to the humanistic ontological roots of the authentic leadership construct, the research analyzes the concepts of self and authenticity from an existential–experiential perspective. A conceptual framework of self‐sourced healthcare identity formation, including leader identity and professional identity, is presented. The framework shows how leader identity originates in the leader's experiencing self‐in‐situation, which is understood as the source of authenticity. The experiencing self, or the self as a subject, is differentiated from the experienced self, or the self as an object, by which professional identities are formed. The conceptualization provides a way of understanding and developing leadership in fields consisting of strong professional identities. The applications of the framework are also discussed.
Leadership Graduate Degree Programs: A Comparative Review and Analysis of Value Propositions
Authors: Stork Elizabeth , Grant A. J. , Darmo Lubomir 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe language used in program descriptions of graduate leadership programs on college and university websites are first attempts at enticing prospective students to consider enrolling. The descriptions invariably include value propositions about the benefits of a particular program, aimed to appeal to readers’ motivations, couched in one of three discourse styles: Formal Impersonal, Formal Personal, and Informal Personal styles. Program descriptions, a de facto rhetorical genre, and demographics of all 154 master's degree programs in Organizational Leadership in existence as of January 2014 are analyzed, using a systematic discourse analysis typology which explored the ways in which value propositions were presented. Four questions concerning discourse types, the kinds of value propositions, the relationship between rankings of universities and kinds of value propositions and discourse types, intrinsic (meaning) and extrinsic (utility) appeals are answered. Detailed cross‐sectional comparative analysis of leadership master's degree programs are also presented.
The Staff Ride: Developing Historical Sense in Army Leaders
Authors: Williams Thomas 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn the current essay, the author draws on his experience as a serving member of the Armed Forces to discuss the problem of developing military leaders capable of mitigating the disruptive nature of war. Specifically, it discusses the staff ride, a comprehensive analysis of historical events conducted through observation, reflection, and discussion, to develop in leaders an understanding that nothing ever works out the way a leader intends or expects. For the military leader facing the uncertainty and ambiguity of modern combat, this lesson from history is arguably the most essential.
The Cuban Missile Crisis: Leadership as Disturbance, Informed by History
Authors: Chace Sarah 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Cuban missile crisis of October 1962 cannot be over‐studied for the lessons it teaches about leadership. As documents have become declassified, it has now become known that President Kennedy and his team of advisors considered the crisis from multiple angles, ranging from a traditional response to perceived aggression to transactional leadership—in this case, secretly trading the removal of Soviet missiles in Cuba for the removal of American missiles in Turkey. The resolution of the Cuban missile crisis involved more than transactional leadership, however. In the complex negotiations that followed the discovery of the missiles, President Kennedy and his team of advisors experienced an evolution in their thinking, while operating under intense strain. The conceptual frameworks that best describe Kennedy's leadership in this context are Voegelin's notion of historical consciousness and Heifetz's conceptions of adaptive leadership.
First bite syndrome: Our experience with intraparotid injections with botulinum toxin type A
Authors: Ghosh Ankona , Mirza Natasha 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisFirst bite syndrome is the sudden onset of acute and severe pain in the parotid region at the initiation of mastication. Although it generally lasts less than a minute, it is disabling for these individuals and leads to a fear of oral intake. It is typically seen after parapharyngeal or deep parotid space surgery. Intraparotid injection of botulinum toxin A (BTA) has been suggested as a treatment for this condition, but there is little supporting literature to this effect. The purpose of this study is to document our experience using this treatment method for first bite syndrome.Study DesignRetrospective case review.MethodsFive patients with first bite syndrome, developed after parapharyngeal space surgery, were treated by multisite injection of BTA into the parotid gland. Between 17.5 and 50 total U of BTA were injected into four or more sites in the parotid region. The patients were then followed up every 4 months.ResultsThree of five patients reported a significant improvement in symptoms at the 4‐month follow‐up visit, although complete resolution was not reported. One patient reported only moderate improvement, and despite two series of injections there was no improvement in one patient, leading us to question our initial diagnosis.ConclusionsUnilateral BTA injection into the affected parotid gland produces a decrease in the severity of symptoms. It is a safe and viable noninvasive treatment for this difficult to treat condition and may lead to permanent resolution of symptoms in some patients.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:104–107, 2016
The progression of thyroid cartilage calcification as it relates to the utilization of laryngeal ultrasound
Authors: Wenaas Ashley E. , Tran Brandon , Ongkasuwan Julina 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study is to review the computed tomography (CT) scans of infants, children, and adults to assess the degree of calcification of the thyroid cartilage at various ages in order to understand in which age group laryngeal ultrasound can be utilized.Study DesignRetrospective.MethodsTwo hundred patients from newborn to 50 years who received a CT scan of the neck were identified. The Hounsfield units (HU) of the thyroid cartilage were calculated at one o'clock, four o'clock, eight o'clock, and eleven o'clock at the level of the true and false vocal fold. The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate the correlation between each measure and age, then a linear regression with a logarithmic transformation was applied to further study how the measures were related to age.ResultsThe Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.58 to 0.75. The P values of these coefficients were all < 0.0001, showing a significant relationship to age. The age increase by 1 year resulted in increased calcification by 1.5% to 4%. The Wilcoxon signed rank test compared the rate of calcification at each site measured. This showed that the two posterolateral sites calcify faster than the two anteromedial sites.ConclusionThe thyroid cartilage calcifies at a rate that is significantly related to increasing age and calcifies in a posterolateral to anteromedial direction. Based on the HU, the thyroid cartilage is not consistently denser than soft tissue until greater than 40 years of age, which would make laryngeal ultrasound feasible for this population.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:913–917, 2016
Epiglottis collapse in adult obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review
Authors: Torre Carlos , Camacho Macario , Liu Stanley Yung‐Chuan , Huon Leh‐Kiong , Capasso Robson 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo systematically review the international literature evaluating the role of the epiglottis in snoring and obstructive sleep apnea and to explore possible treatment options available.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, Book Citation Index‐Science, CINAHL, Conference Proceedings Citation Index‐Science, The Cochrane Collaboration Databases, and Web of Science.Review MethodThe searches were performed from the first year of each database through March 5, 2015.ResultsFourteen studies about the prevalence of epiglottis collapse in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were found. Most involved drug‐induced sleep endoscopy studies that indirectly reported their findings about epiglottis collapse. The data suggests that the prevalence of epiglottis collapse in OSA is higher than previously described. The epiglottis has been implicated in 12% of cases of snoring, and sound originating from it has a higher pitch than palatal snoring. Continuous positive pressure (CPAP) surgery and positional therapy in the treatment of epiglottis collapse were also considered. Lateral position of the head may reduce the frequency of epiglottis collapse. With regard to CPAP, available reports suggest that it may accentuate collapse of the epiglottis. Surgery may help reduce snoring in some patients with a lax epiglottis and improve OSA in patients undergoing multilevel surgery.ConclusionKnowledge regarding the role of the epiglottis in adult OSA and snoring patients is limited. The prevalence of this phenomenon in OSA seems to be greater than previously reported, and more research is needed to understand its role in OSA and the best way to treat it.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 126:515–523, 2016
Predictive factors for perioperative blood transfusion in neck dissection
Authors: Abu‐Ghanem Sara , Warshavsky Anton , Carmel Narin‐Nard , Abu‐Ghanem Yasmin , Abergel Avraham , Fliss Dan M. , Yehuda Moshe 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThere is growing interest in reducing the exposure of patients to allogeneic blood transfusions by lowering preoperative cross‐matched blood ordering and adopting alternative practices, such as autologous blood donations. Our aim was to investigate the predictors for perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) in head and neck cancer patients undergoing neck dissection (ND).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsRetrospective observational study. All patients who underwent ND between January 2011 and August 2014. The primary outcome measure was PBT. Predictors tested included: gender, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists comorbidity score, Charlson comorbidity index, preoperative hemoglobin level, head and neck primary tumor location, tumor and nodal staging, side and laterality of ND, central versus lateral ND, elective ND, preoperative chemotherapy/radiotherapy/I131 therapy, history of previous ND, other surgical procedures in addition to the ND, bone resection, use and type of reconstruction, and the use of bony free flap reconstruction.ResultsTwenty‐one preoperative and operative variables were tested for an association with PBT using univariate and multivariate analyses. Multivariate analysis found only the following three predictors to be significantly associated with PBT in patients undergoing ND: low preoperative hemoglobin level, advanced N stage, and concurrent reconstructive surgery.ConclusionEvaluation of specific risk factors for predicting the need for PBT prior to neck dissection may be helpful in identifying the head and neck cancer patients in whom preoperative ordering of cross‐matched blood is required or who could benefit from alternative means, such as preoperative autologous blood donation.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:851–857, 2016
Derivation and characterization of porcine vocal fold extracellular matrix scaffold
Authors: Wrona Emily A. , Peng Robert , Born Hayley , Amin Milan R. , Branski Ryan C. , Freytes Donald O. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo optimize decellularization of porcine vocal folds (VF) and quantify human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM‐MSC) interactions with this matrix to provide a foundation for regenerative approaches to VF repair.Study Design and MethodsVocal folds were dissected from porcine larynges and three decellularization protocols were compared, each consisting of washes and mechanical agitations with different combinations of reagents. DNA content was analyzed via Quant‐iT Picogreen assay and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Bone marrow‐derived MSCs were then seeded onto the decellularized VF matrices. Morphology, metabolic activity, DNA content, and gene expression were assessed using LIVE/DEAD Cell Viability, alamarBlue Cell Viability Assay, Quant‐iT Picogreen assay, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively.ResultsThe most successful decellularization protocol removed 95% DNA content within 1 day, compared to several days required for previously described protocols. Histology confirmed the retention of extracellular matrix (ECM) and its components, including glycosaminoglycans, collagen, and fibrin, while void of nuclear/cellular content. Decellularized scaffolds were then seeded with BM‐MSCs. Similar DNA quantities were observed after 24 hours of seeding within the VF‐ECM scaffold when compared to cells on tissue culture plastic (TCP). LIVE/DEAD staining of the seeded VF‐ECM confirmed excellent cell viability, and the metabolic activity of BM‐MSCs increased significantly on VF‐ECM compared to TCP. Endoglin gene expression decreased, suggestive of differentiation.ConclusionPorcine VFs can be efficiently decellularized within 5 hours using a combination of sodium deoxycholate and peracetic acid. Decellularized VF‐ECM supported attachment and growth of human BM‐MSCs, with evidence of differentiation.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 126:928–935, 2016