bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Substituent Controlled Reactivity Switch: Selective Synthesis of α‐Diazoalkylphosphonates or Vinylphosphonates via Nucleophilic Substitution of Alkyl Bromides with Bestmann—Ohira Reagent.
Authors: Pramanik Mukund M. D. , Chaturvedi Atul Kumar , Rastogi Namrata 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn efficient method for the selective synthesis of the title compounds (III) and (IV) from commercially available and inexpensive bromides is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Labdane‐Type Diterpenoids from Croton laevigatus.
Authors: Huang Hong‐Li , Qi Feng‐Ming , Yuan Ji‐Cheng , Zhao Cai‐Gui , Yang Jing‐Wei , Fang Fu‐Hu , Wu Quan‐Xiang , Gao Kun , Yuan Cheng‐Shan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe isolation and the structure elucidation of crotonlaevin A (Ia), B (Ib), C (II), D (IIIa), E (IIIb), F (IIIc), G (IV), H (Va), I (Vb), J (VIIa), K (VIIb), L (VIIc), M (VIII), N (IX), O (Xa), and P (Xb) as well as the additional new natural product (VI) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review (Part C) ‐ An Overview of Biological Activities of Schiff Base Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Anis Itrat , Aslam Muhammad , Afza Nighat , Iqbal Lubna , Noreen Zahra , Hussain Ajaz , Safder M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractReview: [38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Direct Introduction of Fluorinated Groups on Alkenes and Alkynes by Means of C—H Bond Functionalization
Authors: Besset Tatiana , Poisson Thomas , Pannecoucke Xavier 
Published: March 2015

AbstractReview: [direct functionalization of alkenes and alkynes with fluorine or fluorinated building blocks using photocatalyzed transformations, base‐promoted processes, and transition metal‐catalyzed reactions; 58 ref.
In situ Generation of Ni Nanoparticles from Metal–Organic Framework Precursors and Their Use for Biomass Hydrodeoxygenation
Authors: Čelič Tadeja Birsa , Grilc Miha , Likozar Blaž , Tušar Nataša Novak 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSo far, in situ‐generated Ni nanoparticles have been reported to be efficient catalysts for tar cracking during wood liquefaction by pyrolysis. Herein, their performance in further bio‐oil conversion steps is evaluated. Nanoparticles were generated for the first time from a Ni‐containing metal–organic framework, MIL‐77, during the hydrotreatment of glycerol‐solvolyzed lignocellulosic (LC) biomass. Reactions were conducted at 300 °C and the H2 pressure was 8 MPa in a slurry reactor. The catalytic activity and selectivity of the deoxygenation and hydrocracking reactions for real biomass‐derived feedstock using in situ‐generated nanoparticles was compared with Ni nanoparticles dispersed on a silica–alumina support (commercial Ni/SiO2–Al2O3 catalyst). The mass activity of the in situ‐generated nanoparticles for hydrogenolysis was more than ten times higher in comparison to their commercial analogues, and their potential for the use in LC biorefinery is discussed.
Across the Board: Brent H. Shanks
Authors: Shanks Brent H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. In this contribution, Prof. Brent H. Shanks discusses the importance of biobased platform technologies for chemical syntheses. One of these technologies includes the appropriate design of biobased catalysts (i.e., enzymes), their incorporation into host systems such as microbes. As well as how the biocatalysis systems can be coupled with chemical catalysis.
Developmental plasticity of coordinated action patterns in the perinatal rat
Authors: Brumley Michele R. , Kauer Sierra D. , Swann Hillary E. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTSome of the most simple, stereotyped, reflexive, and spinal‐mediated motor behaviors expressed by animals display a level of flexibility and plasticity that is not always recognized. We discuss several examples of how coordinated action patterns have been shown to be flexible and adaptive in response to sensory feedback. We focus on interlimb and intralimb coordination during the expression of two action patterns (stepping and the leg extension response) in newborn rats, as well as interlimb motor learning. We also discuss the idea that the spinal cord is a major site for supporting plasticity in the developing motor system. An implication of this research is that normally occurring sensory stimulation during the perinatal period influences the typical development and expression of action patterns, and that exploiting the developmental plasticity of the motor system may lead to improved strategies for promoting recovery of function in human infants with motor disorders. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 409–420, 2015.
Characteristics of the developing human locomotor system: Similarities to other mammals
Authors: Yang Jaynie F. , Mitton Mary , Musselman Kristin E. , Patrick Susan K. , Tajino Junichi 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTSimilarities in the development of locomotion between young children and other mammals are explored by reanalysis of data accrued over ∼18 years. Supported stepping in children was tested on a treadmill. Although the time course of development is more protracted in humans compared to other mammals, the same trends are seen. For example, the duration of the stepping cycle shortens rapidly in the first 5 months of life. Hypermetric flexion of the hip and knee during stepping is seen in children <3 mo old. Stability of the locomotor rhythm both with respect to cycle duration within a limb and coupling between limbs improves slowly. Finally, coordination between the left and right legs can be manipulated with training, indicating experience‐dependent learning at a young age. The possible reasons for these remarkably similar trends in development are explored as a function of maturational time tables for neural structures. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 397–408, 2015.
Unusual Luminescence Properties of Heterometallic REE Terephthalates
Authors: Grishko Aleksei Y. , Utochnikova Valentina V. , Averin Aleksei A. , Mironov Andrei V. , Kuzmina Natalia P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe influence of auxiliary rare‐earth element (REE) ions (M3+, M = Y, Gd, Tb) on the luminescence properties of the (EuxM1–x)2(BDC)3(H2O)4 (BDC2– = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate) series was studied. The overall quantum yields (QYs) of the EuxM1–x series (M = Y, Gd; x > 0.05) appeared to be independent of both the ratio and the type of auxiliary metal ion. It is shown that M = Tb3+ does not cause luminescence enhancement.
Hydrogen Bond, π–π, and CH–π Interactions Governing the Supramolecular Assembly of Some Hydrazone Ligands and Their MnII Complexes – Structural and Theoretical Interpretation
Authors: Sadhukhan Dipali , Maiti Monami , Pilet Guillaume , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Mitra Samiran 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe hydrazone Schiff base ligands (E)‐N′‐(2‐hydroxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide (HL1) and (E)‐N′‐(2,3‐dihydroxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide (H2L2) with a functional group variation in the aromatic moiety have been synthesized. The ligands have been used to synthesize the following MnII complexes: the mononuclear complex [Mn(HL1)2][ClO4]2·2H2O (1), the cocrystallized discrete dinuclear complex {[Mn(HL1)2]·[Mn(L1)2]}[ClO4]2 (2), and the phenoxido‐bridged dinuclear complex [Mn(μ‐HL2)(H2O)]2[ClO4]2 (3). The ligands and the complexes were characterized by FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopic techniques, and their crystal structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy shows evidence of keto–enol tautomerism of the ligands in solution. All of the compounds develop hydrogen‐bonded assemblies of different dimensionalities and architectures. CH–π and π–π interactions also contribute significantly to the overall binding energies of the supramolecular assemblies. The supramolecular interaction energies have been computed at the BP86‐D3/def2‐TZVPD level of theory.
Tetrahydroanthraquinone Derivatives from the Endophytic FungusStemphylium globuliferum
Authors: Liu Yang , Marmann Andreas , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed S. , Wang Chang Yun , Müller Werner E. G. , Lin Wen Han , Mándi Attila , Kurtán Tibor , Daletos Georgios , Proksch Peter 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFour new tetrahydroanthraquinone derivatives, namely, dihydroaltersolanol B (1), dihydroaltersolanol C (2), and the atropisomers acetylalterporriol D (3) and acetylalterporriol E (4), were obtained from the endophytic fungusStemphylium globuliferum, which was isolated fromJuncus acutusgrowing in Egypt. The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy, as well as by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy. In addition, seven known anthraquinone derivatives5–11were isolated and identified on the basis of their spectral characteristics and by comparison with literature data. Compounds2,4–7,9, and11showed strong cytotoxicity against the murine lymphoma cell line L5178Y with IC50values ranging from 1.25 to 10.4 μM. Compounds1–4were also tested for their antibacterial activity againstStaphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli, andPseudomonas aeruginosa. Only2exhibited moderate growth inhibition againstS. aureuswith a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 49.7 μM.
Mediator‐Free Bioelectrocatalytic Oxidation of Ethanol on an Electrode from Thermally Expanded Graphite Modified by Gluconobacter oxydans Membrane Fractions
Authors: Reshetilov A. N. , Kitova A. E. , Kolesov V. V. , Yaropolov A. I. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe studied bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol with membrane fractions of Gluconobacter oxydans VKM B‐1280 bacterial cells participating as an electrocatalyst. Material of the electrode was graphene‐like thermally expanded graphite of a high surface area and low resistivity. Membrane fractions were immobilized on the electrode surface by application in chitosan gel to prevent desorption of the biocatalyst. The bioelectrode characteristics were studied by the voltammetric and chronopotentiometric methods. It was shown that electrooxidation of ethanol on the bioanode could proceed both in the mode of direct mediator‐free electrocatalysis and by the mediator mechanism.
Recent Technological Progress in CO2 Electroreduction to Fuels and Energy Carriers in Aqueous Environments
Authors: Bevilacqua Manuela , Filippi Jonathan , Miller Hamish A. , Vizza Francesco 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHere we review recent developments and technological advances in the field of electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to fuels, energy carriers and precursors and other interesting building blocks for industrial applications. Synthetic hydrocarbon fuels derived from CO2/H2O are proposed as alternatives to hydrogen as an energy carrier that enables a carbon‐neutral energy cycle, given their inherent advantages of high H/C ratio and convenience of storage and transportation. The electrochemical reduction of CO2 represents a feasible route for the direct generation of hydrocarbon fuels or their precursors (i.e., synthesis gas) using CO2/H2O. Such hydrocarbons fit well within the existing energy infrastructure because of their similarity to existing fossil fuels. Recently significant efforts are being devoted to the development of prototype systems, such as low‐ or high‐ temperature electrolyzers that operate as part of environmentally sustainable energy networks.
Comparison of the cytotoxic impact of chlorfluazuron on selected insect and human cell lines
Authors: Huang Qingchun , Wu Xiwei , Yu Xiaoqin , Zhang Lei , Lu Miaoqing , Tao Liming 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

To gain new insight into the mechanism of selective cytotoxicity of benzoylureas as insecticides, the in vitro mode of action of chlorfluazuron was investigated on lepidopteran Tn5B1-4 and Sf-21 cells and human Hek293 and HepG2 cells. Chlorfluazuron inhibited the proliferation of Tn5B1-4 and Sf-21 cells with 50% inhibitory concentration values (IC50) of 4.96 µM and 1.12 µM at 48 h and 2.37 µM and 1.76 µM at 96 h, respectively, versus that of Hek293 and HepG2 cells with IC50 values &gt;20 µM. When transferred to chlorfluazuron-free medium, lepidopteran Tn5B1-4 and Sf-21 cells had a postinhibitory recovery development period within 24 h followed by a suppressed increase in cell viability, but human Hek293 and HepG2 cells showed an accelerated increase over their control level. Chlorfluazuron affected Tn5B1-4 and Sf-21 cells, with ≥1.8-fold decreases in the ratio of cellular N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) level and protein content and ≥1.5-fold increases in the mitotic index and G2/M-phase arrest. Neither Hek293 nor HepG2 cells contained GlcNAc, and chlorfluazuron had no significant effects on the cell cycle and mitotic index of Hek293 and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the differences between human and lepidopteran cell lines in the characteristic GlcNAc content, G2/M arrest in the cycle progress, and mitotic index of cells in response to chlorfluazuron may contribute to the selective toxicity of chlorfluazuron to lepidopteran cells. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1675–1682. © 2015 SETAC
Responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and turnip (Brassica rapa) to the combined exposure of carbaryl and ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Lima Maria P.R. , Soares Amadeu M.V.M. , Loureiro Susana 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

The increase of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the Earth's surface as a result of increased ozone layer depletion has affected crop production systems and, in combination with pesticides used in agricultural activities, can lead to greater risks to the environment. The impact of UV radiation and carbaryl singly and in combination on Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Brassica rapa (turnip) was studied. The combined exposure was analyzed using the MixTox tool and was based on the conceptual model of independent action, where possible deviations to synergism or antagonism and dose-ratio or dose-level response pattern were also considered. Compared with the control, carbaryl and UV radiation individually led to reductions in growth, fresh and dry weight, and water content for both species. Combined treatment of UV and carbaryl was more deleterious compared with single exposure. For T. aestivum length, no interaction between the 2 stressors was found (independent action), and a dose-level deviation was the best description for the weight parameters. For B. rapa, dose-ratio deviations from the conceptual model were found when length and dry weight were analyzed, and a higher than expected effect on the fresh weight (synergism) occurred with combined exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1665–1674. © 2015 SETAC
Gender disparities in leadership and scholarly productivity of academic hospitalists
Authors: Burden Marisha , Frank Maria G. , Keniston Angela , Chadaga Smitha R. , Czernik Zuzanna , Echaniz Marisa , Griffith Jennifer , Mintzer David , Munoa Anna , Spence Jeffrey , Statland Barbara , Teixeira Joao Pedro , Zoucha Jeff , Lones Jason , Albert Richard K. 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDGender disparities still exist for women in academic medicine but may be less evident in younger cohorts. Hospital medicine is a new field, and the majority of hospitalists are <41 years of age.OBJECTIVETo determine whether gender disparities exist in leadership and scholarly productivity for academic hospitalists and to compare the findings to academic general internists.DESIGNProspective and retrospective observational study.SETTINGUniversity programs in the United States.MEASUREMENTSGender distribution of (1) academic hospitalists and general internists, (2) division or section heads for both specialties, (3) speakers at the 2 major national meetings of the 2 specialties, and (4) first and last authors of articles from the specialties' 2 major journalsRESULTSWe found equal gender representation of hospitalists and general internists who worked in university hospitals. Divisions or sections of hospital medicine and general internal medicine were led by women at 11/69 (16%) and 28/80 (35%) of university hospitals, respectively (P = 0.008). Women hospitalists and general internists were listed as speakers on 146/557 (26%) and 291/580 (50%) of the presentations at national meetings, respectively (P < 0.0001), first authors on 153/464 (33%) and 423/895 (47%) publications, respectively (P < 0.0001), and senior authors on 63/305 (21%) and 265/769 (34%) articles, respectively (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSDespite hospital medicine being a newer field, gender disparities exist in leadership and scholarly productivity. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:481–485. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Willingness to access an in‐hospital supervised injection facility among hospitalized people who use illicit drugs
Authors: Ti Lianping , Buxton Jane , Harrison Scott , Dobrer Sabina , Montaner Julio , Wood Evan , Kerr Thomas 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDDespite the reliance on abstinence‐based drug policies within hospital settings, illicit drug use is common among hospitalized patients with severe drug addiction. Hospitalized patients who use illicit drugs (PWUDs) have been known to resort to high‐risk behavior to conceal their drug use from healthcare providers. Novel interventions with the potential to reduce high‐risk behavior among PWUDs in hospital settings have not been well studied.OBJECTIVEThe objective of the study was to examine factors associated with willingness to access an in‐hospital supervised injection facility (SIF).DESIGNData were derived from participants enrolled in 2 Canadian prospective cohort studies involving PWUDs between June 2013 and November 2013. A cross‐sectional study surveying various sociodemographic characteristics, drug use patterns, and experiences was conducted.SETTINGVancouver, Canada.MEASUREMENTSBivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to explore factors significantly associated with willingness to access an in‐hospital SIF.RESULTSAmong 732 participants, 499 (68.2%) would be willing to access an in‐hospital SIF. In multivariable analyses, factors positively and significantly associated with willingness to access an in‐hospital SIF included: daily heroin injection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20‐3.11); having used illicit drugs in hospital (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.18‐2.26); and having recently used an SIF (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.10‐2.15).CONCLUSIONSOur findings highlight the potential of in‐hospital SIFs to complement existing harm reduction programs that serve PWUD. Moreover, an in‐hospital SIF may minimize the harms associated with high‐risk illicit drug use in the hospital. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:301–306. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Generation and identification of anti‐inflammatory peptides from bovine β‐casein using enzyme preparations from cod and hog
Authors: Altmann Karina , Wutkowski Adam , Klempt Martin , Clawin‐Rädecker Ingrid , Meisel Hans , Lorenzen Peter Chr 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of the present study was to generate and identify potential anti‐inflammatory peptides from bovine β‐casein with enzyme preparations from cod and hog. Furthermore, the potential of cod trypsin, derived from fishery by‐products, to produce these bioactive peptides for replacement of non‐food‐grade tosyl phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK)‐treated porcine trypsin enzyme preparation was evaluated.RESULTSPotential anti‐inflammatory peptides were obtained by hydrolysis of β‐casein with the tryptic enzyme preparations cod trypsin, porcine trypsin (TPCK‐treated) and a porcine trypsin and chymotrypsin preparation (PTN 6.0 S). Proteolysates generated with enzyme preparations containing mainly chymotryptic activity (Cryotin, Cryotin F) did not exhibit any effect.CONCLUSIONThe more chymotryptic enzyme activity is present, the lower is the potential anti‐inflammatory activity of the hydrolysates in HEKnfκb‐RE cells. Comparable peptides were produced by application of porcine trypsin (TPCK) and cod trypsin. Therefore, the enzyme preparation cod trypsin can replace the non‐food‐grade porcine enzyme preparation trypsin (TPCK) for the generation of potential anti‐inflammatory peptides from β‐casein. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrasonographic evaluation of geniohyoid muscle and hyoid bone during swallowing in young adults
Authors: Feng Xin , Cartwright Michael S. , Walker Francis O. , Bargoil Jessica H. , Hu Yunping , Butler Susan G. 
Published: March 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe geniohyoid muscle plays an important role in hyoid bone movement. Adequate hyoid bone movement during swallowing is important for effective bolus flow and pharyngeal clearing. The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between the geniohyoid muscle size and function and hyoid bone movement during swallowing in healthy young adults, as measured via ultrasound, in different body positions.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsForty young (20–40 years old) adults (20 male and 20 female) participated. The cross‐sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle at rest (seated position), the geniohyoid muscle contraction velocity, and the hyoid bone displacement during swallowing 10 mL of mineral water were measured by ultrasound in seated, supine, and right lateral decubitus positions.ResultsThe size of the geniohyoid muscle correlated with body height. Males had larger geniohyoid cross‐sectional area than females and greater maximal and anterior hyoid displacement during swallowing than females, and maximal and anterior hyoid bone displacement during swallowing correlated with the size of geniohyoid muscle only when the body was in the supine position; these two movements were positively correlated to each other.ConclusionsGenders vary in hyoid bone movement during swallowing, and the correlation between geniohyoid muscle size and hyoid bone displacement varies among different body positions during swallowing. This investigation also illuminates the use of ultrasound in providing quantitative measures of geniohyoid muscle and hyoid bone displacement during swallowing.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 125:1886–1891, 2015