bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional abnormalities in Broca’s area in adolescents with ADHD: A resting-state fMRI study
Authors: Pikusa Michał , Jończyk Rafał 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThere is evidence that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with linguistic difficulties. However, the pathophysiology underlying these difficulties is yet to be determined. This study investigates functional abnormalities in Broca’s area, which is associated with speech production and processing, in adolescents with ADHD by means of resting-state fMRI. Data for the study was taken from the ADHD-200 project and included 267 ADHD patients (109 with combined inattentive/hyperactive subtype and 158 with inattentive subtype) and 478 typically-developing control (TDC) subjects. An analysis of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), which reflects spontaneous neural activity, in Broca’s area (Brodmann Areas 44/45) was performed on the data and the results were compared statistically across the participant groups. fALFF was found to be significantly lower in the ADHD inattentive group as compared to TDC in BA 44, and in the ADHD combined group as compared to TDC in BA 45. The results suggest that there are functional abnormalities in Broca’s area with people suffering from ADHD, and that the localization of these abnormalities might be connected to particular language deficits associated with ADHD subtypes, which we discuss in the article. The findings might help explore the underlying causes of specific language difficulties in ADHD.
Experimentelle Analyse der Dynamik von Zahnradgetrieben – Teil 2
Authors: Šmeringaiová Anna , Vojtko Imrich , Monková Katarína 
Published: April 2015

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende zweite Teil eines Beitrags zur Analyse der Dynamik von
Zahnradgetrieben befasst sich mit der experimentellen Bewertung der
Dynamik von Zahnradgetrieben. Das Ziel war, eine Methodik zur
Bewertung des dynamischen Verhaltens bei Getrieben unterschiedlicher
Bauformen, bzw. von unterschiedlicher technologischer oder
konstruktiver Ausführung unter gleichen Betriebsbedingungen einerseits
und bei gleichen Getrieben unter verschiedenen Betriebsbedingungen
andererseits zu schaffen.
Es werden der experimentelle Prüfstand, die verwendeten diagnostischen
Methoden, die Ergebnisse der Prüfungen auf dem Prüfstand und die
vorgeschlagene Methodik zur Bestimmung der dynamischen Eigenschaften
von Zahnradgetrieben vorgestellt.
Chancen und Grenzen von automatischer Annotation
Authors: Zinsmeister Heike 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Linguistic annotation helps corpus users to retrieve relevant examples in an efficient way. It also supports the identification of latent patterns in the data by encoding generalizations such as parts of speech. Since manual annotation is very time-consuming, many projects use off-the-shelf tools for annotating or at least preprocessing their data. This article discusses pros and cons of such automatic annotation using part-of-speech tagging as an example case. It argues that errors made by annotation tools are systematic in nature and hence predictable to a certain extent. In addition, the article addresses the issue of descriptive adequacy of tagsets. In particular, it discusses how well the Stuttgart-Tübingen Tagset (STTS) describes German parts of speech. Finally, the article briefly addresses normalization, an additional preprocessing step that is sometimes required before automatic annotation tools can be applied.
Massively Parallel Functional Analysis of BRCA1 RING Domain Variants
Authors: Starita Lea M , Young David L , Islam Muhtadi , Kitzman Jacob O , Gullingsrud Justin , Hause Ronald J , Fowler Douglas M , Parvin Jeffrey D , Shendure Jay , Fields Stanley 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInterpreting variants of uncertain significance (VUS) is a central challenge in medical genetics. One approach is to experimentally measure the functional consequences of VUS, but to date this approach has been post hoc and low throughput. Here we use massively parallel assays to measure the effects of nearly 2000 missense substitutions in the RING domain of BRCA1 on its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and its binding to the BARD1 RING domain. From the resulting scores, we generate a model to predict the capacities of full-length BRCA1 variants to support homology-directed DNA repair, the essential role of BRCA1 in tumor suppression, and show that it outperforms widely used biological-effect prediction algorithms. We envision that massively parallel functional assays may facilitate the prospective interpretation of variants observed in clinical sequencing.
Adolescent Drug Testing Policies in Schools
Authors: Levy Sharon , Schizer Miriam ,   COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE ABUSE, Ammerman Seth D. , Gonzalez Pamela K. , Ryan Sheryl A. , Siqueira Lorena M. , Smith Vincent C. 
Published: April 2015

This Technical Report was reaffirmed July 2021.
More than a decade after the US Supreme Court established the legality of school-based drug testing, these programs remain controversial, and the evidence evaluating efficacy and risks is inconclusive. The objective of this technical report is to review the relevant literature that explores the benefits, risks, and costs of these programs.
Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) Invasion in the Northern Great Plains: A Story of Rapid Dominance in an Endangered Ecosystem
Authors: DeKeyser Edward S. , Dennhardt Lauren A. , Hendrickson John 
Published: April 2015

AbstractKentucky bluegrass was introduced into the present-day United States in the 1600s. Since that time, Kentucky bluegrass has spread throughout the United States and Canada becoming prolific in some areas. In the past century, Kentucky bluegrass has been a presence and often a dominant species in some prairies in the Northern Great Plains. Sometime within the past few decades, Kentucky bluegrass has become the most-common species on the untilled, native prairie sites of much of North and South Dakota. In this article, we hypothesize how Kentucky bluegrass has come to dominate one of the most endangered ecosystems in North America—the prairie—through a historical, ecological, and climatological lens. We urge others to start addressing the invasion of Kentucky bluegrass with both new research and management strategies.
Extensional tectonics in the Hercynian Armorican belt (France). An overview
Authors: Gapais Denis , Brun Jean-Pierre , Gumiaux Charles , Cagnard Florence , Ruffet Gilles , Le Carlier De Veslud Christian 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A synthesis of existing geological, structural and geophysical data shows that the south Armorican Hercynian belt was marked by syn-convergence crustal thinning and dextral wrenching that were in part coeval in late Carboniferous times. Our kinematic model is further supported by new structural data and 40Ar/39Ar ages on synkinematic leucogranites. Extension and strike-slip followed earlier crustal thickening and exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic units in late Devonian-early Carboniferous times. Crustal extension led to the development of core complexes cored by migmatites and crust-derived granite laccoliths. At this time, the South Armorican shear zone acted as a transfer zone separating the extending domain of South Brittany from the non-extending domain of Central Brittany submitted to dextral wrenching. The overall structural pattern and attached kinematics are compared with recent numerical models and illustrated by a 3D interpretative model that integrates geological and deep seismic reflection data (ARMOR 2 profile).
Structure of the Paleozoic basement in the Senegalo-Mauritanian basin (West Africa)
Authors: Villeneuve Michel , Fournier François , Cirilli Simonetta , Spina Amalia , Ndiaye Matar , Zamba Juste , Viseur Sophie , Borgomano Jean , Ngom Papa Malik 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The interpretation of 2D seismic surveys from the Senegalo-Mauritanian basement and the reappraisal of rock-samples from oil exploration drillings provide new insights into the structure of the Appalachian-Mauritanian belts and the overlying Carboniferous and Permian basins. Two different units have been evidenced below the Mesozoic sedimentary cover : a lower unit (Unit 1 : basement) and an upper unit (Unit 2 : Late Palaeozoic basins). Unit 1 shows two distinct tectonic areas : the northern area with two different belts evidenced on both sides of the Senegalese block and the southern area exhibiting various tilted blocks making part of the Palaeozoic (Ordovician to Devonian) Bové basin. In the northern area the Western Thrust Belt is thrust over the Senegalese block while to the east, the so-called Mauritanian belt is thrusted over the West African craton. In the Mauritanian belt area, the youngest deformed sediments belonging to the outcropping Bove basin are Famennian in age. The Mauritanian inner belt underwent two tectono-metamorphic events (circa 330 and 270 Ma). Unit 2 which is unconformably capping both the Western Thrust Belt and the southern tilted blocks of the Paleozoic Bové basin (Casamance basin) is locally affected by eastward and westward-verging thrusts. Unit 2 is dated to the Early Permian by palynomorphs, and could have formed between the early (340–320 Ma) and late (270 Ma) Variscan tectonic events.
The subsurface Late Palaeozoic basins from Senegal and Mauritania are interpreted as intra Variscan belt basins, similar to those suspected by seismic investigations off shore Guinea and Mauritania.
Pressure-Transient Tests and Flow Regimes in Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Kuchuk Fikri , Biryukov Denis 
Published: April 2015

Summary
Fractures are common features in many well-known reservoirs. Naturally fractured reservoirs include fractured igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks (matrix). Faults in many naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs often have high-permeability zones, and are connected to numerous fractures that have varying conductivities. Furthermore, in many naturally fractured reservoirs, faults and fractures can be discrete (rather than connected-network dual-porosity systems).
In this paper, we investigate the pressure-transient behavior of continuously and discretely naturally fractured reservoirs with semianalytical solutions. These fractured reservoirs can contain periodically or arbitrarily distributed finite- and/or infinite-conductivity fractures with different lengths and orientations. Unlike the single-derivative shape of the Warren and Root (1963) model, fractured reservoirs exhibit diverse pressure behaviors as well as more than 10 flow regimes. There are seven important factors that dominate the pressure-transient test as well as flow-regime behaviors of fractured reservoirs: (1) fractures intersect the wellbore parallel to its axis, with a dipping angle of 90° (vertical fractures), including hydraulic fractures; (2) fractures intersect the wellbore with dipping angles from 0° to less than 90°; (3) fractures are in the vicinity of the wellbore; (4) fractures have extremely high or low fracture and fault conductivities; (5) fractures have various sizes and distributions; (6) fractures have high and low matrix block permeabilities; and (7) fractures are damaged (skin zone) as a result of drilling and completion operations and fluids. All flow regimes associated with these factors are shown for a number of continuously and discretely fractured reservoirs with different well and fracture configurations. For a few cases, these flow regimes were compared with those from the field data. We performed history matching of the pressure-transient data generated from our discretely and continuously fractured reservoir models with the Warren and Root (1963) dual-porosity-type models, and it is shown that they yield incorrect reservoir parameters.
Maximum principal strain as a criterion for prediction of orthodontic mini-implants failure in subject-specific finite element models
Authors: Albogha Mhd Hassan , Kitahara Toru , Todo Mitsugu , Hyakutake Hiroto , Takahashi Ichiro 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate the most reliable stress or strain parameters in subject-specific finite element (FE) models to predict success or failure of orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs).

Materials and Methods:
Subject-specific FE analysis was applied to 28 OMIs used for anchorage. Each model was developed using two computed tomography data sets, the first taken before OMI placement and the second taken immediately after placement. Of the 28 OMIs, 6 failed during the first 5 months, and 22 were successful. The bone compartment was divided into four zones in the FE models, and peak stress and strain parameters were calculated for each. Logistic regression of the failure (vs success) of OMIs on the stress and strain parameters in the models was conducted to verify the ability of these parameters to predict OMI failure.

Results:
Failure was significantly dependent on principal strain parameters rather than stress parameters. Peak maximum principal strain in the bone 0.5 to 1 mm from the OMI surface was the best predictor of failure (R2 = 0.8151).

Conclusions:
We propose the use of the maximum principal strain as a criterion for predicting OMI failure in FE models.
April 2015 Book Reviews
Authors: Neumann Donald 
Published: April 2015

JOSPT offers invited reviews of current titles. The April 2015 column includes 5 reviews of the following books: Orthopedic Manual Therapy: Assessment and Management; Thieme Atlas of Anatomy: General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System, Second Edition; Why Pelvic Pain Hurts: Neuroscience Education for Patients With Pelvic Pain; Therapeutic Neuroscience Education: Teaching Patients About Pain: A Guide for Clinicians; and The Adult Hip: Hip Preservation Surgery. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(4):324–328. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.45.4.324
A Systematic Review of the Measurement Properties of the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation
Authors: Mehta Saurabh P. , MacDermid Joy C. , Richardson Julie , MacIntyre Norma J. , Grewal Ruby 
Published: April 2015

Study Design Systematic review of measurement properties. Objectives To summarize the measurement properties of the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire. Background The PRWE is a region-specific outcome measure initially developed for assessing pain and function in individuals with distal radius fracture. However, subsequent research has expanded its use to other wrist/hand conditions. A systematic review of the measurement properties of the PRWE can enhance the understanding of its clinical applicability across different wrist/hand pathologies. Methods The MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched using predefined search terms. A hand search of the bibliography of the primary studies was performed. Studies assessing at least 1 measurement property of the PRWE, either in the English version or versions in other languages, were included in this review. Two raters performed data extraction and critical appraisal of the primary studies using standardized instruments. Results A total of 22 primary studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall quality of the 22 studies ranged from 38% to 88%, with 9 scoring greater than 70%. Agreement between the raters who determined the quality of the studies was 0.75 (unweighted kappa). The measurement properties of the PRWE were summarized for different wrist/hand conditions. Conclusion The PRWE is reliable, valid, and responsive across many wrist/hand conditions. Future studies should focus on determining values for the minimal detectable change and clinically important differences for the PRWE across different patient populations. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(4):289–298. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5236
The memory effect in polyolefinic products: A tool for confirming the steam sterilization process
Authors: Bajer Kamila , Braun Ulrike , Hintersteiner Ingrid 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The goal of this investigation is to understand a distinctive feature observed in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements of steam sterilized medical polymer products, the formation of a peak upon the first DSC heating, known as the “memory effect”. The observed phenomenon could be used to provide evidence for steam sterilization. For the investigations, polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) samples were steam sterilized or thermally treated in an oven applying different conditions. Afterwards, the samples were measured by DSC. The influences of thermal treatment and mechanical stress were analyzed. In addition, various polyolefin reference materials (PE and PP) were investigated to address the influence of composition. Furthermore, the durability of the signal with respect to time and temperature effects were examined. The investigation shows that it is possible to produce a stable memory effect.
Ultraschallprüfung von Betonbauteilen – laufzeitgesteuerte Gruppenstrahler mit Punktkontaktprüfköpfen
Authors: Mielentz Frank , Feller Viktor , Krause Martin , Orglmeister Reinhold 
Published: April 2015

Kurzfassung
In den letzten Jahren werden vermehrt trocken ankoppelbare Ultraschall-Punktkontaktprüfköpfe erfolgreich für Prüfaufgaben im Bauwesen angewendet. Oft werden mehrere Punktkontaktprüfköpfe in einem Gehäuse zu einer Strahlergruppe kombiniert, um die Schallbündelung zu verbessern oder um einzelne Prüfköpfe nacheinander als Sender und Empfänger zu betreiben und die Messsignale nach der Messung einer SAFT-Auswertung zuzuführen. Alternativ können die einzelnen Prüfköpfe einer solchen Gruppe laufzeitgesteuert angeregt und dadurch schon während der Messung das Prüfkopfschallfeld beeinflusst werden. Für diese Technik sind die Bezeichnungen laufzeitgesteuerte Ultraschall-Gruppenstrahler oder „Phased Array“ gebräuchlich. Mit den präsentierten Untersuchungen sollen die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Gruppenstrahlertechnik im Niederfrequenzbereich durch den Einsatz von Punktkontaktprüfköpfen verbessert werden. Dazu werden verschiedene Wellenarten eingesetzt und der Einfluss der Anordnung der Strahlerelemente im Array untersucht.
Magnetic resonance imaging of traumatic injury to the craniovertebral junction: a case-based review
Authors: Roy Anil K. , _ _ , Miller Brandon A. , Holland Christopher M. , Fountain Arthur J. , Pradilla Gustavo , Ahmad Faiz U. 
Published: April 2015

OBJECT
The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is unique in the spinal column regarding the degree of multiplanar mobility allowed by its bony articulations. A network of ligamentous attachments provides stability to this junction. Although ligamentous injury can be inferred on CT scans through the utilization of craniometric measurements, the disruption of these ligaments can only be visualized directly with MRI. Here, the authors review the current literature on MRI evaluation of the CVJ following trauma and present several illustrative cases to highlight the utility and limitations of craniometric measures in the context of ligamentous injury at the CVJ.

METHODS
A retrospective case review was conducted to identify patients with cervical spine trauma who underwent cervical MRI and subsequently required occipitocervical or atlantoaxial fusion. Craniometric measurements were performed on the CT images in these cases. An extensive PubMed/MEDLINE literature search was conducted to identify publications regarding the use of MRI in the evaluation of patients with CVJ trauma.

RESULTS
The authors identified 8 cases in which cervical MRI was performed prior to operative stabilization of the CVJ. Craniometric measures did not reliably rule out ligamentous injury, and there was significant heterogeneity in the reliability of different craniometric measurements. A review of the literature revealed several case series and descriptive studies addressing MRI in CVJ trauma. Three papers reported the inadequacy of the historical Traynelis system for identifying atlantooccipital dislocation and presented 3 alternative classification schemes with emphasis on MRI findings.

CONCLUSIONS
Recognition of ligamentous instability at the CVJ is critical in directing clinical decision making regarding surgical stabilization. Craniometric measures appear unreliable, and CT alone is unable to provide direct visualization of ligamentous injury. Therefore, while the decision to obtain MR images in CVJ trauma is largely based on clinical judgment with craniometric measures used as an adjunct, a high degree of suspicion is warranted in the care of these patients as a missed ligamentous injury can have devastating consequences.
Unilateral fixation for treatment of occipitocervical instability in children with congenital vertebral anomalies of the craniocervical junction
Authors: Mazur Marcus D. , Ravindra Vijay M. , Brockmeyer Douglas L. 
Published: April 2015

OBJECT
Patients with occipitocervical (OC) instability from congenital vertebral anomalies (CVAs) of the craniocervical junction (CCJ) often have bony abnormalities that make instrumentation placement difficult. Within this patient population, some bilateral instrumentation constructs either fail or are not feasible, and a unilateral construct must be used. The authors describe the surgical management and outcomes of this disorder in patients in whom unilateral fixation constructs were used to treat OC instability.

METHODS
From a database of OC fusion procedures, the authors identified patients who underwent unilateral fixation for the management of OC instability. Patient characteristics, surgical details, and radiographic outcomes were reviewed. In each patient, CT scans were performed at least 4 months after surgery to evaluate for fusion.

RESULTS
Eight patients with CVAs of the CCJ underwent unilateral fixation for the treatment of OC instability. For 4 patients, the procedure occurred after a bilateral OC construct failed or infection forced hardware removal. For the remainder, it was the primary procedure. Two patients required reoperation for hardware revision and 1 developed nonunion requiring revision of the bone graft. Ultimately, 7 patients demonstrated osseous fusion on CT scans and 1 had a stable fibrous union.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrate that a unilateral OC fixation is effective for the treatment of OC instability in children with CVAs of the CCJ in whom bilateral screw placement fails or is not feasible.