bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postshunt lateral ventricular volume, white matter integrity, and intellectual outcomes in spina bifida and hydrocephalus
Authors: Williams Victoria J. , Juranek Jenifer , Stuebing Karla K. , Cirino Paul T. , Dennis Maureen , Bowman Robin M. , Blaser Susan , Kramer Larry A. , Fletcher Jack M. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECT
No previous reports exist that have evaluated the relationships of white matter (WM) integrity with the number of shunt revisions, ventricular volume after shunting, and cognition in medically stable children who have spina bifida and hydrocephalus (SBH). The authors hypothesized that enlarged ventricles and a greater number of shunt revisions decrease WM integrity in children.

METHODS
In total, 80 children (mean age 13.7 years) who had SBH underwent MRI and IQ testing. Probabilistic diffusion tractography was performed to determine mean diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics along the frontal and parietal tectocortical pathways. The DTI metrics were evaluated for significant correlation with a composite IQ measure and with the total number of shunt revisions and the total lateral ventricular volume obtained through semiautomated parcellation of T1-weighted MRI scans.

RESULTS
An enlargement in total lateral ventricle volume and an increase in the number of shunt revisions were both associated with higher fractional anisotropy (FA) and with lower radial diffusivity (RD) along both frontal and parietal tectocortical pathways. Children who had not undergone a shunt revision had on average a greater lateral ventricle volume and higher FA and lower RD along frontal and parietal pathways than those who had undergone multiple shunt revisions. The mean DTI metrics along parietal pathways predicted IQ scores, but intellectual ability was not significantly correlated with ventricular volume or with the number of lifetime shunt revisions.

CONCLUSIONS
Significant changes in DTI metrics were observed as a function of ventricular volume. An increased lateral ventricle volume was associated with elevated FA and decreased RD. Given that the participants were medically stable at the time of the MRI examination, the results suggested that those who have enlarged ventricles show a DTI pattern consistent with axonal compression due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in attenuated hydrocephalus. Although limited by a cross-sectional design, the study's findings suggest that DTI metrics may serve as sensitive indicators for chronic, mild hydrocephalus in the absence of overt clinical symptoms due to increased ICP. Having enlarged ventricles and undergoing multiple shunt revisions did not affect intellectual ability in children with SBH.
Utility of neurophysiology in the diagnosis of tethered cord syndrome
Authors: Leung Victoria , Pugh Jeffery , Norton Jonathan A. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECT
The diagnosis of tethered cord syndrome (TCS) remains difficult, and the decision to operate is even more complex. The objective of this study was to examine how detailed examination of neurophysiological test results can affect the diagnosis for patients undergoing a surgical cord release.

METHODS
Patients undergoing tethered spinal cord releases were matched by age and sex with control patients undergoing scoliosis correction in the absence of spinal cord pathology. The latency and width of the P37 peak of the posterior tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) and the motor evoked potential (MEP) latencies were examined. Immediate changes as a result of the surgical procedure were reported.

RESULTS
The width of the P37 response differed significantly between TCS and control patients and changed significantly during the surgical procedure. Nonsignificant trends were seen in SSEP and MEP latencies.

CONCLUSIONS
The width of the P37 response may be a useful marker for TCS and may play a role in presurgical decision making.
Deep brain stimulation versus anterior capsulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review of the literature
Authors: Pepper Joshua , Hariz Marwan , Zrinzo Ludvic 
Published: January 2015

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and debilitating psychiatric condition. Traditionally, anterior capsulotomy (AC) was an established procedure for treatment of patients with refractory OCD. Over recent decades, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has gained popularity. In this paper the authors review the published literature and compare the outcome of AC and DBS targeting of the area of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc).
Patients in published cases were grouped according to whether they received AC or DBS and according to their preoperative scores on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), and then separated according to outcome measures: remission (YBOCS score < 8); response (≥ 35% improvement in YBOCS score); nonresponse (< 35% improvement in YBOCS score); and unfavorable (i.e., worsening of the baseline YBOCS score).
Twenty studies were identified reporting on 170 patients; 62 patients underwent DBS of the VC/VS or the NAcc (mean age 38 years, follow-up 19 months, baseline YBOCS score of 33), and 108 patients underwent AC (mean age 36 years, follow-up 61 months, baseline YBOCS score of 30). In patients treated with DBS there was a 40% decrease in YBOCS score, compared with a 51% decrease for those who underwent AC (p = 0.004). Patients who underwent AC were 9% more likely to go into remission than patients treated with DBS (p = 0.02). No difference in complication rates was noted.
Anterior capsulotomy is an efficient procedure for refractory OCD. Deep brain stimulation in the VC/VS and NAcc area is an emerging and promising therapy. The current popularity of DBS over ablative surgery for OCD is not due to nonefficacy of AC, but possibly because DBS is perceived as more acceptable by clinicians and patients.
Minimally invasive laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis in patients with and without preoperative spondylolisthesis: clinical outcome and reoperation rates
Authors: Alimi Marjan , Hofstetter Christoph P. , Pyo Se Young , Paulo Danika , Härtl Roger 
Published: January 2015

OBJECT
Surgical decompression is the intervention of choice for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) when nonoperative treatment has failed. Standard open laminectomy is an effective procedure, but minimally invasive laminectomy through tubular retractors is an alternative. The aim of this retrospective case series was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of this procedure in patients who underwent LSS and to compare outcomes in patients with and without preoperative spondylolisthesis.

METHODS
Patients with LSS without spondylolisthesis and with stable Grade I spondylolisthesis who had undergone minimally invasive tubular laminectomy between 2004 and 2011 were included in this analysis. Demographic, perioperative, and radiographic data were collected. Clinical outcome was evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores, as well as Macnab's criteria.

RESULTS
Among 110 patients, preoperative spondylolisthesis at the level of spinal stenosis was present in 52.5%. At a mean follow-up of 28.8 months, scoring revealed a median improvement of 16% on the ODI, 2.75 on the VAS back, and 3 on the VAS leg, compared with the preoperative baseline (p < 0.0001). The reoperation rate requiring fusion at the same level was 3.5%. Patients with and without preoperative spondylolisthesis had no significant differences in their clinical outcome or reoperation rate.

CONCLUSIONS
Minimally invasive laminectomy is an effective procedure for the treatment of LSS. Reoperation rates for instability are lower than those reported after open laminectomy. Functional improvement is similar in patients with and without preoperative spondylolisthesis. This procedure can be an alternative to open laminectomy. Routine fusion may not be indicated in all patients with LSS and spondylolisthesis.
Anterior discectomy/corpectomy and fusion with internal fixation for the treatment of unstable hangman's fractures: a retrospective study of 38 cases
Authors: Li Zhonghai , Li Fengning , Hou Shuxun , Zhao Yantao , Mao Ningfang , Hou Tiesheng , Tang Jiaguang 
Published: January 2015

OBJECT
The object of this study was to describe the authors' method of anterior discectomy/corpectomy and fusion combined with internal fixation for the treatment of unstable hangman's fractures and to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes.

METHODS
This study included 38 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for unstable hangman's fractures between July 2002 and October 2011 and were followed up for more than 2 years. The patients were 18 women and 20 men with a mean age of 42.8 years (range 20–69 years). The fracture resulted from a fall in 9 patients, a motor vehicle accident in 21 patients, and a motorcycle accident in 8 patients. The Levine-Edwards classification was Type II in 13 patients, Type IIA in 20 patients, and Type III in 5 patients. All patients underwent anterior C2–3 intervertebral disc excision or C-3 corpectomy, decompression and reduction, interbody implantation of an autologous iliac bone graft, and internal fixation with a titanium plate. Pain was assessed before and after surgery using a visual analog scale (VAS). Myelopathy was graded using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. Patient satisfaction with the surgery was assessed using Odom's grading system. Anteroposterior, lateral, and dynamic (flexion/extension) radiographs were obtained during the follow-up period. Two-dimensional CT studies with sagittal and coronal reconstructions were routinely performed.

RESULTS
The mean follow-up period was 49.2 months (range 24–132 months). There was a significant decrease between the preoperative and final follow-up VAS scores (mean [SD] 7.56 ± 1.52 vs 2.36 ± 1.25, p < 0.05) and a significant increase between the preoperative and final follow-up JOA scores (12.58 ± 1.34 vs 16.13 ± 1.17, p < 0.05). Postoperative radiographs showed satisfactory reduction of the fracture in all cases. Postoperative complications included transient neurological deficits (3 cases), hematoma (2 cases), temporary dysphagia (5 cases), temporary hoarseness (2 cases), prolonged pain at the iliac crest donor site (4 cases), and wound infection at the iliac crest donor site (2 cases). Solid fusion was achieved in 94.7% of patients at the final follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
Anterior discectomy/corpectomy and fusion combined with internal fixation is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of unstable hangman's fractures.
The anatomy of Meyer's loop revisited: changing the anatomical paradigm of the temporal loop based on evidence from fiber microdissection
Authors: Goga Cristina , Türe Uğur 
Published: January 2015

OBJECT
The goal in this study was to explore and further refine comprehension of the anatomical features of the temporal loop, known as Meyer's loop.

METHODS
The lateral and inferior aspects of 20 previously frozen, formalin-fixed human brains were dissected under the operating microscope by using fiber microdissection.

RESULTS
A loop of the fibers in the anterior temporal region was clearly demonstrated in all dissections. This temporal loop, or Meyer's loop, is commonly known as the anterior portion of the optic radiation. Fiber microdissection in this study, however, revealed that various projection fibers that emerge from the sublentiform portion of the internal capsule (IC-SL), which are the temporopontine fibers, occipitopontine fibers, and the posterior thalamic peduncle (which includes the optic radiation), participate in this temporal loop and become a part of the sagittal stratum. No individual optic radiation fibers could be differentiated in the temporal loop. The dissections also disclosed that the anterior extension and angulation of the temporal loop vary significantly.

CONCLUSIONS
The fiber microdissection technique provides clear evidence that a loop in the anterior temporal region exists, but that this temporal loop is not formed exclusively by the optic radiation. Various projection fibers of the IC-SL, of which the optic radiation is only one of the several components, display this common course. The inherent limitations of the fiber dissection technique preclude accurate differentiation among individual fibers of the temporal loop, such as the optic radiation fibers.
Safety and efficacy of the Pipeline Embolization Device in 100 small intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Chalouhi Nohra , Zanaty Mario , Whiting Alex , Yang Steven , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Hasan David , Starke Robert M. , Hann Shannon , Hammer Christine , Kung David , Rosenwasser Robert , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: January 2015

OBJECT
Flow diverters are increasingly used for treatment of intracranial aneurysms. In most series, the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) was used for the treatment of large, giant, complex, and fusiform aneurysms. Little is known about the use of the PED in small aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the PED in small aneurysms (≤ 7 mm).

METHODS
A total of 100 consecutive patients were treated with the PED at the authors' institution between May 2011 and September 2013. Data on procedural safety and efficacy were retrospectively collected.

RESULTS
The mean aneurysm size was 5.2 ± 1.5 mm. Seven patients (7%) had sustained a subarachnoid hemorrhage. All except 5 aneurysms (95%) arose from the anterior circulation. The number of PEDs used was 1.2 per aneurysm. Symptomatic procedure-related complications occurred in 3 patients (3%): 1 distal parenchymal hemorrhage that was managed conservatively and 2 ischemic events. At the latest follow-up (mean 6.3 months), 54 (72%) aneurysms were completely occluded (100%), 10 (13%) were nearly completely occluded (≥ 90%), and 11 (15%) were incompletely occluded (< 90%). Six aneurysms (8%) required further treatment. Increasing aneurysm size (OR 3.8, 95% CI 0.99–14; p = 0.05) predicted retreatment. All patients achieved a favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale Score 0–2) at follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
In this study, treatment of small aneurysms with the PED was associated with low complication rates and high aneurysm occlusion rates. These findings suggest that the PED is a safe and effective alternative to conventional endovascular techniques for small aneurysms. Randomized trials with long-term follow-up are necessary to determine the optimal treatment that leads to the highest rate of obliteration and the best clinical outcomes.
Test characteristics of quick brain MRI for shunt evaluation in children: an alternative modality to avoid radiation
Authors: Yue Esther L. , Meckler Garth D. , Fleischman Ross J. , Selden Nathan R. , Bardo Dianna M. E. , Chu O'Connor Amity K. , Vu Eugene T. , Fu Rongwei , Spiro David M. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECT
Quick brain magnetic resonance imaging (QB-MRI) is a rapid, radiation-free technique to detect life-threatening CSF shunt malfunction. QB-MRI has not been widely studied or adopted. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the test characteristics of QB-MRI for detecting shunt malfunction. Test characteristics of brain computed tomography (CT) and QB-MRI were then compared. Secondary objectives included comparison of time to study completion and use of sedatives for both modalities, as well as comparison of time to study completion for QB-MRI before and after implementation of a Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) shunt clinical pathway.

METHODS
A retrospective chart review was performed at 2 tertiary care hospital PEDs. The authors reviewed the charts of children who underwent QB-MRI or CT for suspected shunt malfunction between July 2008 and June 2012. They also reviewed the patients' neuroradiology reports and classified ventricular size as positive (enlarged) or negative (normal, smaller, or unchanged). Shunt malfunction was defined by surgical revision within 30 days.

RESULTS
Nine hundred ninety-seven PED visits (involving 724 QB-MRIs and 273 CTs) were included. Surgical revision was performed in 235 cases (23.6%). For QB-MRI, sensitivity was 58.5% (95% CI 51.1%–65.6%) and specificity was 93.3% (90.8%–95.3%). For CT, sensitivity was 53.2% (95% CI 38.1%–67.9%) and specificity was 95.6% (92%–97.9%). The mean time to completion of QB-MRI was 115 minutes versus 83 minutes for CT (difference 32 minutes, 95% CI, 22–42 minutes, p < 0.001). The mean time from presentation to completion of QB-MRI prior to application of the CSF shunt pathway was 132 minutes versus 112 minutes after application of the CSF shunt pathway (difference 20 minutes, 95% CI 5–35 minutes, p = 0.01). Anxiolytic medications were used in 3.7% of CT studies and 4.4% of QB-MRI studies (p = 0.74).

CONCLUSIONS
QB-MRI and CT have similar test characteristics for detecting CSF shunt malfunction in children and similar requirements for sedation. The longer interval from order placement to imaging completion for QB-MRI is arguably justified by reduction of radiation exposure in this population subject to frequent brain imaging.
Evaluation of the accuracy of a veterinary dynamometric wire tensioner
Authors: Gauthier C. M. , McGilvray K. , Myrick S. , Duerr F. , Palmer R. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryObjectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of a commonly used veterinary wire tensioner.Methods: Wire tension was measured using a load cell after each of five tensioners were used to tension each of six wires to the 66, 84, and 118 mm ring settings in an adjustable custom testing fixture. Each tensioner then experienced simulated aging and testing was repeated. Percentage error was calculated for each ring size, before and after tensioner aging. Measured tension values were compared to manufacturer reported tension values for each ring size using a one-sample two-way t-test; p <0.05 was considered significant.Results: Compared to the manufacturer reported values, measured wire tension values were significantly lower for 66 mm and 84 mm rings and significantly higher for 118 mm rings, before and after simulated aging. Mean wire tension values did not significantly differ between individual wire tensioners.Clinical significance: The tensioners tested achieved significantly different wire tension values than those reported by the manufacturer. This discrepancy could lead to under-tensioning and allowing excessive movement at a fracture site or over-tensioning, leading to wire breakage. We recommend tensioning wires at least to the recommended line on the device for 66 mm and 84 mm rings and at most to the recommended line for 118 mm rings. Further studies are needed to evaluate other veterinary wire tensioners and to develop a calibration method for these devices in practice.
Developmental morphology of the typical cordate gametophyte of a homosporous leptosporangiate fern, Lygodium japonicum (Lygodiaceae), focusing on the initial cell behavior of two distinct meristems
Authors: Takahashi Naoko , Kami Chieko , Ota Isao , Morita Nana , Imaichi Ryoko 
Published: January 2015

• Premise of the study: Understanding the origin and early evolution of vascular plants requires thorough consideration of the gametophyte generation of ferns and lycophytes. Unfortunately, information about this generation is quite limited. To reveal the origin and evolution of varied gametophyte shapes, we used comparative morphological studies of meristem behavior of gametophytes of Lygodium japonicum, which exhibit the typical cordate shape.• Methods: Microscopic images of epi‐illuminated growing gametophytes cultured from spores were captured periodically using a metallurgical microscope equipped with a digital camera to analyze the cell lineage in the meristem.• Key results: Gametophytes form from two meristems: the apical‐cell‐based meristem and the multicellular meristem. The triangular apical cell produces six to eight derivatives from two lateral facets, then disappears. Subsequently, the multicellular meristem, with a row of several rectangular cells, forms in the notch. These rectangular cells divide asynchronously in the periclinal and anticlinal walls to produce cells to both lateral sides and downward. Usually two, and sometimes three, cells located at the center of the meristem divide at a slower pace in the periclinal and anticlinal planes than others at the periphery. The cells at the periphery are pushed away and become involved in the wing base.• Conclusions: The triangular apical cell behaves as a permanent initial cell. In the multicellular meristem, however, two or three central cells behave as initial cells that are transient and regulated in a position‐dependent manner. The organization and behavior of both meristems are shared with the ribbon‐shaped gametophytes of Colysis.
Genome size stability despite high chromosome number variation in Carex gr. laevigata
Authors: Escudero Marcial , Maguilla Enrique , Loureiro João , Castro Mariana , Castro Sílvia , Luceño Modesto 
Published: January 2015

• Premise of the study: In organisms with holocentric chromosomes like Carex species, chromosome number evolution has been hypothesized to be a result of fission, fusion, and/or translocation events. Negative, positive, or the absence of correlations have been found between chromosome number and genome size in Carex.• Methods: Using the inferred diploid chromosome number and 80 genome size measurements from 26 individuals and 20 populations of Carex gr. laevigata, we tested the null hypothesis of chromosome number evolution by duplication and deletion of whole chromosomes.• Key results: Our results show a significant positive correlation between genome size and chromosome number, but the slope of such correlation supports the hypothesis of proliferation and removal of repetitive DNA fragments to explain genome size variation rather than duplication and deletion of whole chromosomes.• Conclusions: Our results refine the theory of the holokinetic drive: this mechanism is proposed to facilitate repetitive DNA removal (or any segmental deletion) when smaller homologous chromosomes are preferentially inherited, or repetitive DNA proliferation (or any segmental duplication) when larger homologs are preferred. This study sheds light on how karyotype evolution plays an important role in the diversification of the species of the genus Carex.
L'enseignement des sciences infirmières en France : contenus et stratégies
Authors: Jovic Ljiljana , Lecordier Didier , Poisson Michel , Vigil-Ripoche Marie-André , Delon Bruno , Mottaz Anne-Marie , Bourkia Dorsafe , Joutard Thierry , Tenza Margot 
Published: January 2015

La formation en soins infirmiers dans des contextes académiques renforce la nécessité pour les étudiants de s’approprier et de maîtriser la discipline « sciences infirmières ». Dans certains pays, l’enseignement des sciences infirmières est solidement établi et trouve place au même titre que l’enseignement d’autres disciplines scientifiques avec son épistémologie, ses auteurs, ses méthodes, etc. Dans d’autres pays, il est émergent et les manières de faire ne sont pas stabilisées. Le séminaire consacré à « L’enseignement des sciences infirmières » permet d’identifier les éléments fondamentaux épistémologiques, cliniques et scientifiques, de la discipline afin de soutenir son développement en France. Il a pour but d’identifier les contenus fondamentaux relatifs aux sciences infirmières devant être acquis en formation initiale et maîtrisés par l’ensemble des infirmières. Les réponses aux questions posées, relatives à l’épistémologie et aux paradigmes en soins infirmiers, à l’apprentissage de la clinique, à la culture scientifique et à la recherche, à l’enseignement des sciences infirmières, sont fondées sur l’examen des modèles d’autres pays, des partages d’expériences, des discussions dans une vision prospective. Les préconisations tiennent compte des évolutions nécessaires et conformes aux ambitions de santé publique et de service rendu à la société. Elles sont complétées des stratégies permettant leur appropriation par les infirmières elles-mêmes et par les autres professions et les autres champs.