bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Synthesis of LiFePO4 by Coprecipitation
Authors: Huang Chaochao , Ai Desheng , Wang Li , He Xiangming 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
LiFePO4 nanoplates with an average thickness of less than 50 nm are synthesized through a simple coprecipitation in ethylene glycol solution at 180 °C. The evolution of the product species and intensity distribution of XRD patterns during coprecipitation are investigated to verify the formation and growth of the LiFePO4 nanoplates. The results indicate that the time for the formation of LiFePO4 nanoplates with high crystallinity is only 20 min. It is found that the feeding sequence has an important influence on LiFePO4 crystal growth and is useful for the tuning of crystal orientation and particle size.
Photocrosslinking of Fullerene Vesicles that Prevents Phase Transition and Decreases Water Permeation
Authors: Harano Koji , Narita Akimitsu , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
A bilayer vesicle made of pentasubstituted [60]fullerene anions was photocrosslinked under aerobic conditions. The crosslinked bilayer became watertight because the crosslinking suppressed the phase transition of the bilayer, reduced the mobility of the fullerene molecules, and hence, reduced the speed of water permeation through the bilayer.
Modeling the Confinement and Prestress Effects on Dynamic Failure of Ceramic Deep Beam
Authors: Ma Guowei , Wang Fang 
Published: June 2013

The present study performs numerical experiments to investigate the confinement and prestress effects on the dynamic failure of a ceramic deep beam. Johnson-Holmquist ceramic model (JH-2) is implemented into LS-DYNA through its user subroutines. The implementation and the effectiveness of the model are validated by a single element compression test and available plate impact test results. Failure of ceramics is isolated into two modes, i.e. tension induced cracking and compression generated crushing. Three different setups, i.e. bare ceramic beam, the beam with lateral constraints, and the beam with lateral constraints and a 100 MPa pre-applied pressure are considered in the numerical experiments. The results show that, in lower velocity impact, few tension induced cracks connecting the impactor head and the supports happened on the specimen, minor crush zone is found around the supports. Under higher velocity impact, however, a relative larger crush zone is also observed near the impact head, spreading tension cracks occurred in a triangular zone on the specimen. The lateral confinement affects the tension induced failure under both lower velocity and higher velocity impacts. The pre-applied pressure has only minor effect on the failure of the deep beam in low velocity impact. In higher velocity impact, however, the pre-applied stress may change the distribution profile of the tensile cracks. Both pre-stress and the lateral constraints have negligible effect on the compression crush happened near the impactor head in the higher velocity impacts. The dynamic failure patterns of the ceramic deep beam and the confinement and prestress effects are demonstrated clearly in the present study. Energy transformation mechanism during the impacts is briefly discussed.
Perceptions of effective leadership in music facilitators working with older people
Authors: Hallam Susan , Creech Andrea , McQueen Hilary , Varvarigou Maria 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Although there is now an accepted need for initiatives that support older people’s well-being, little attention has been paid to what constitutes effective leadership of such activities. This research explored perceptions of effective leaders of musical activities with older people. Three case study sites engaged with the research that drew on the views of participants, music leaders and stakeholders in the field through the use of questionnaires, individual interviews, focus group interviews and group work in a consultative conference. Overall, being a ‘good leader’ was thought to involve being knowledgeable, patient, positive, enthusiastic and having a sense of humour in order to create a relaxing atmosphere. Participants indicated that successful facilitators responded to their needs, motivated them and encouraged them to continue participating in the activities through supportive feedback, good pacing of the sessions and focused attention. The findings are discussed in relation to their implications.
Agency or dependency?: The Mixed Peppers Theatre Arts Training project for young people with disabilities
Authors: Winter-Palmer Brenda 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This article provides a reflection on my past practice as Creative Director of The Mixed Peppers Theatre Arts Training Programme. Drawing upon discourses of Disability Studies it considers how this ostensibly emancipatory project that sought to provide access to theatre activity for young people with physical disabilities living in Northern Ireland was flawed, and was eventually disbanded, partly due to a failure on the part of its non-disabled leadership to address imbalances of power in its relationship with its young disabled constituency. The article is framed within a survey of recent debates that focus upon the historical lack of a sustained, indigenous, disability-led theatre activity in Northern Ireland and the recent efforts by non-disabled professional arts practitioners to establish such activity in the region. It offers, as an exemplar to current discussion, an analysis of how the choice and agency of the young members of The Mixed Peppers were compromised by the well-meaning but potentially oppressive practices of its leadership. It questions whether the project was unduly influenced by parental desire to see their disabled children ‘normalized’ in a high-profile theatrical production. Finally, it considers how The Mixed Peppers’ institutional situation, as a project controlled and administered by a disability charity, was implicated in the premature demise of the initiative.
Health-risk behaviors and a healthy lifestyle among students from different environmental and cultural backgrounds
Authors: Korn Liat , Billig Miriam 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the differences in health-risk behavior patterns and lifestyles between students residing in the city of Ariel and those residing in communal settlements within the Ariel region. Our research rational is that significant differences can be found between these two groups regarding environmental, cultural and behavioral conditions, which promote healthy or risky lifestyles.This cross-sectional study is based on an anonymous structured self-reported questionnaire that deals with topics of health, welfare and health-risk behaviors, completed by over 1500 undergraduate students.The findings indicate meaningful and significant differences between the groups, both in their socio-demographic levels and in their health and risk behaviors. Students residing in Ariel maintained a better lifestyle, which included a sensible diet and physical activity routine, compared with students from communal settlements and those who reside in other areas of the country.The findings indicate that cultural differences play a decisive role in predicting health and risk behaviors, more so than the residential area itself.
Education Reforms in Nigeria: How Responsive is the Nursing Profession?
Authors: Ayandiran Emmanuel Olufemi , Irinoye Omolola Oladunni , Olayiwola Faronbi Joel , Mtshali Ntombi G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEducation in the twenty-first century and educational reforms are subjects of interest and discourse worldwide because of the link between education and development. What appears not to have been fully explored in the Nigerian context is the responsiveness of various professions, especially nursing, to the consistently changing educational system. Yet innovative advances in health care system in the twenty-first century demands that Nursing as a profession should prepare practitioners who are well equipped to meet the challenges of care within the context of a complex milieu. This paper, therefore, examines the Nigeria educational system, its reforms and current status of nursing education in Nigeria. Some of the challenges in the emergence of professional nursing in Nigeria and the progress made so far to advance professional as well as university education for nurses are articulated with propositions of possibilities and the gains for the Nigeria nation.
Collaborative Learning Using Nursing Student Dyads in the Clinical Setting
Authors: Austria Mary Jean , Baraki Katie , Doig Alexa K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFormal pairing of student nurses to work collaboratively on one patient assignment is a strategy for improving the quality and efficiency of clinical instruction while better utilizing the limited resources at clinical agencies. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the student nurse and patient experiences of collaborative learning when peer dyads are used in clinical nursing education. Interviews were conducted with 11 students and 9 patients. Students described the process of collaborative learning as information sharing, cross-checking when making clinical decisions, and group processing when assessing the outcomes of nursing interventions. Positive outcomes reported by students and patients included reduced student anxiety, increased confidence and task efficiency. Students’ primary concern was reduced opportunity to perform hands-on skills which had to be negotiated within each dyad. Meeting the present and future challenges of educating nurses will require innovative models of clinical instruction such as collaborative learning using student peer dyads.
Critical Service Learning in Community Health Nursing: Enhancing Access to Cardiac Health Screening
Authors: Gillis Angela , Mac Lellan Marian A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCritical service learning (CSL) offers promise for preparing community health nursing students to be advocates for social justice and social change. The purpose of this article is to describe a community based CSL project designed to provide cardiac health screening to an underserviced population, wherein nursing’s role in social justice is integrated into nursing practice. First, the relationship between social justice and CSL is explored. Then, the CSL approach is examined and differentiated from the traditional service learning models frequently observed in the nursing curriculum. The CSL project is described and the learning requisites, objectives, requirements, and project outcomes are outlined. While not a panacea for system reform, CSL offers nursing students avenues for learning about social justice and understanding the social conditions that underlie health inequalities. Nurse educators may benefit from the new strategies for incorporating social justice into nursing curriculum; this paper suggests that CSL offers one possibility.
Arts-Based Learning: Analysis of the Concept for Nursing Education
Authors: Rieger Kendra L. , Chernomas Wanda M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTeaching and learning strategies are needed to support learner-centered curricula, and prepare nurses who are capable of working in today’s challenging health care environments. Although the traditional lecture is still widely used in nursing education, innovative approaches are needed to encourage discussion, debate, and critical reflection, activities that support lifelong learning. Arts-based learning [ABL] is a creative strategy with the potential to engage learners, foster understanding of multiple perspectives, and simultaneously connect cognitive and affective domains of learning. Walker and Avant’s method of concept analysis is applied to examine the uses of ABL in the literature, define the attributes, distinguish the antecedents and consequences, identify model and other cases, and determine empirical referents of this concept. This analysis is presented to facilitate the conceptual understanding of ABL for use in research and nursing education.
Cultural Competence and Cultural Safety in Canadian Schools of Nursing: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Rowan Margo S. , Rukholm Ellen , Bourque-Bearskin Lisa , Baker Cynthia , Voyageur Evelyn , Robitaille Annie 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCultural competence and cultural safety are essential knowledge in contemporary nursing care. Using a three-phase, mixed methods sequential triangulation design, this study examines the extent to which Anglophone Schools of Nursing in Canada have integrated cultural competence and/or cultural safety into the undergraduate nursing curricula. Factors that influence successful integration are identified through the lens of Donabedian’s structure, process, and outcome model. Results suggest that several facilitating factors are present, such as leadership, partnerships and linkages, and educational supports for students. Of particular concern is the lack of policies to recruit and retain Aboriginal faculty, financial resources, and outcome evaluation indicators. A conceptual model of integration is offered to explain how Schools of Nursing function to support the implementation of these concepts into their curriculum. This study provides theoretical and practical implications for initiation and improvement of cultural competence and/or cultural safety integration strategies in Schools of Nursing.
Quenching effect of C-H bond in long lived NIR luminescent erbium complexes
Authors: Divay Laurent , Galindo Christophe , Soyer Françoise , Chastaing Evelyne , Bisaro Renato , Le Barny Pierre 
Published: June 2013

AbstractErbium excited state deactivation is studied for two fluorinated complexes based on N-(P,P-ditetrafluorophosphinoyl-P,P-ditetrafluorophenyl phosphinimidates and N-(P,P-dipentafluoro phosphinoyl)-P,P-dipentafluorophenyl phosphinimidates ligands. We show that the substitution of a fluorine atom in para-position by an hydrogen atom on each phenyl ring of the perfluorinated organic ligand results in a decrease in near infrared luminescence lifetimes from 800 µs to 70 µs when measured under vacuum on sublimated powder samples. These experiments show that the introduction of C-H bonds, although outside the first coordination sphere of the erbium ion, can still induce a one order of magnitude decrease in its excited state lifetime. The found lifetime however is still longer than most reported partially fluorinated complexes, which opens the way for new functionalized complexes.
From the Arctic to the Antarctic: the major, minor, and trace elemental composition of echinoderm skeletons
Authors: Lebrato M. , McClintock J. B. , Amsler M. O. , Ries J. B. , Egilsdottir H. , Lamare M. , Amsler C. D. , Challener R. C. , Schram J. B. , Mah C. L. , Cuce J. , Baker B. J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBiogenic carbonate production in benthic marine ecosystems is dominated by representatives of the Echinodermata. Carbon and other major, minor, and trace elements are exported to the seabed where they accumulate or dissolve. Preserved carbonates (Mg‐calcite) have applications in oceanography and geochemistry and are used to reconstruct various parameters of ancient seawater, such as temperature (from Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca), seawater Mg/Ca (from Mg/Ca), and pH (from B/Ca). In general, the benthos is widely ignored for its role in the global carbon cycle despite the importance of echinoderms as a carbon sink (∼0.1–0.2 Pg C/yr). Echinoderms produce their skeletons from Mg‐calcite, which is more soluble than pure calcite and, therefore, more vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). Minor and trace elements can also destabilize the calcite lattice, increasing the mineral's solubility. Little is known about the concentration of such elements in echinoderm tests. Expanding our knowledge on echinoderm skeleton composition will improve our understanding of elemental flux in the oceans. Furthermore, establishing relationships between the physical parameters of seawater and minor/trace elemental ratios within echinoderm Mg‐calcite should expand the utility of fossils as geochemical archives. Herein, we present elemental composition data for Asteroidea (n = 108; 9 families, 23 species), Echinoidea (n = 94; 8 families, 12 species), Ophiuroidea (n = 24; 4 families, 5 species), Holothuroidea (n = 7; 3 families, 3 species), and Crinoidea (n = 3; 1 family, 1 species), collected from the Arctic to the Antarctic oceans, from depths ranging from surface waters to 1200 m. The following elements were measured and normalized to [Ca]: Li, Be, Mg, Al, P, S, K, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Dy, W, Re, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, and U. Data are presented for the whole body, arms (plates), calcareous ossicles, spines, and test plates. Elements were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Our study presents the most comprehensive data set to date for a phylum whose skeletons are composed of Mg‐calcite.
Cover, density, and demographics of shortgrass steppe plants mapped 1997–2010 in permanent grazed and ungrazed quadrats
Authors: Chu Chengjin , Norman John , Flynn Robert , Kaplan Nicole , Lauenroth William K. , Adler Peter B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis data set was created to map and analyze demographic rates of many common plant species in the shortgrass steppe of North America under grazed and ungrazed conditions. Twenty‐four permanent 1‐m2 quadrats were established as part of the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research project in six grazed and ungrazed study sites on the Central Plains Experimental Range in Nunn, Colorado, USA. We used a pantograph to record the location and shape of individual plants annually from 1997 to 2010. These data make it possible to determine the fate of individual plants using a Geographic Information System and spatial analysis techniques. The data provide unique opportunities to test the interactive effects of grazing and climate variables on demographic rates, plant–plant interactions, and population and community dynamics. We provide the following data and data formats: (1) the digitized maps in shapefile format; (2) a tabular representation of centroid or point location (x, y coordinates), and basal cover (m2) for plants mapped as polygons; (3) quadrat information including location (longitude and latitude), elevation, and livestock grazing treatment and history; (4) detailed information on stocking rates during the period of quadrat sampling; (5) daily temperature and precipitation values; (6) a species list including the total records for each species, plant growth forms, and longevity; and (7) an inventory of the years each quadrat was sampled.
Robustness of trait distribution metrics for community assembly studies under the uncertainties of assembly processes
Authors: Aiba Masahiro , Katabuchi Masatoshi , Takafumi Hino , Matsuzaki Shin-ichiro S. , Sasaki Takehiro , Hiura Tsutom 
Published: June 2013

Numerous studies have revealed the existence of nonrandom trait distribution patterns as a sign of environmental filtering and/or biotic interactions in a community assembly process. A number of metrics with various algorithms have been used to detect these patterns without any clear guidelines. Although some studies have compared their statistical powers, the differences in performance among the metrics under the conditions close to actual studies are not clear.Therefore, the performances of five metrics of convergence and 16 metrics of divergence under alternative conditions were comparatively analyzed using a suite of simulated communities. We focused particularly on the robustness of the performances to conditions that are often uncertain and uncontrollable in actual studies; e.g., atypical trait distribution patterns stemming from the operation of multiple assembly mechanisms, a scaling of trait–function relationships, and a sufficiency of analyzed traits.Most tested metrics, for either convergence or divergence, had sufficient statistical power to distinguish nonrandom trait distribution patterns without uncertainty. However, the performances of the metrics were considerably influenced by both atypical trait distribution patterns and other uncertainties. Influences from these uncertainties varied among the metrics of different algorithms and their performances were often complementary.Therefore, under the uncertainties of an assembly process, the selection of appropriate metrics and the combined use of complementary metrics are critically important to reliably distinguish nonrandom patterns in a trait distribution. We provide a tentative list of recommended metrics for future studies.
Impact of Various Parameters on the Production of Coalbed Methane
Authors: Chen Zhongwei , Liu Jishan , Kabir Akim , Wang Jianguo , Pan Zhejun 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Coalbed-methane (CBM) reservoirs are naturally fractured formations, comprising both permeable fractures and matrix blocks. The interaction between fractures and matrix presents a great challenge for the forecast of CBM reservoir performance. In this work, a dual-permeability model was applied to study the parameter sensitivity on the CBM production, because the dual-permeability model incorporates not only the influence from matrix and fractures but also that between adjacent matrix blocks. The mass exchange between two systems is defined as a function of desorption time constant at the standard condition, coal matrix porosity, and the difference of gas pressure between two systems. Correspondingly, gas diffusivity in matrix is considered as a variable and represented by a function of shape factor, gas desorption time, and reservoir pressure. These relations are integrated into a fully coupled numerical model of coal geomechanical deformation and gas desorption/gas flow in both systems. This numerical approach demonstrates the important nonlinear effects of the complex interaction between matrix and fractures on CBM production behaviors that cannot be recovered without rigorously incorporating geomechanical influences. This model was then used to investigate the sensitivity of CBM extraction behavior to different controlling factors, including gas desorption time constant, initial fracture permeability, fracture spacing, swelling capacity, desorption capacity, production pressure, and fracture and matrix porosities. Modeling results show that the peak magnitudes of gas-production rate increase with initial fracture permeability, sorption and swelling capacities, and matrix porosity, and decrease with gas desorption time constant and production pressure. These results also show dramatic increase in gas-production efficiency with decreasing magnitudes of fracture spacing. The comparison of the transient contributions of the desorbed gas and the free phase gas from the matrix system to gas production shows that the free phase gas plays the dominant role at the early stage, but diminishes when the adsorption phase gas takes over the dominant role, indicating the necessity of incorporating free phase gas impact in simulation models. The numerical model was also applied to match the history data from a gas-production well. A better matching result than that for the single-permeability model demonstrates the potential capability of the dual-permeability model for the forecast of CBM production.