bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and properties of a ternary polyacrylate copolymer resin for the absorption of oil spills
Authors: Fang Pei , Mao Panpan , Chen Jie , Du Yang , Hou Xin 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA high‐oil‐absorption resin of a ternary copolymer for the absorption of oil spills was successfully prepared by suspension polymerization, and characterizations of the oil‐absorption resin were also examined in this study. The high‐oil‐absorption resin, a ternary copolymerized long‐chain polyacrylate with styrene (St), butyl methacrylate (BMA), and stearyl methacrylate (SMA) as the monomers and synthesized by suspension polymerization, was introduced. The oil‐absorption resin of St/BMA/SMA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The particle morphology of the resin was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The effects of different polymerization technological parameters, such as the mass ratios of the monomer, the benzoyl peroxide initiator, and the crosslinking agent of divinylbenzene; the sort and concentrations of the dispersing agent of hydroxyl ethyl cellulose, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and gelatin, and the polymerization temperature, on the oil absorbency of St/BMA/SMA are discussed in detail. The optimum polymerization conditions of the St/BMA/SMA copolymer were obtained as follows: mSt/mmonomer = 50 wt %, mBMA/msoft monomer = 60 wt %, mwater/moil = 3:1, mDVB/mmonomer = 1.0 wt %, mBPO/mmonomer = 1.5 wt %, mHEC/mmonomer = 0.07 wt %, mSDBS/mmonomer = 0.03 wt %, mgelatin/mmonomer = 0.14 wt % (where m is the mass), temperature = 85°C. With increasing content of these factors, the oil absorbency increased at first and then decreased. Compared with binary copolymer St/BMA prepared in previous research, the highest oil absorbencies to dichloromethane were 12.80 and 23.00 g/g in the St/BMA and St/BMA/SMA copolymers, respectively. St/BMA/SMA had a higher oil absorbency and faster oil‐adsorbing rate than St/BMA. The oil absorption in the oil–water mixture and the recovery of the resin were also studied in detail. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40180.
Decreasing the formaldehyde emission in urea‐formaldehyde using modified starch by strongly acid process
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng , Xu Enguang , Lin Ruihang , Wang Xiaobo , Gao Zhenzhong 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe incorporation of the modified starch (MS) in urea‐formaldehyde resins at different stage of the synthesis was studied in this article. The synthesized resins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, indicating that the ester bond can be introduced into the UF structure after the addition of MS. The curing reactions were examined with differential scanning calorimetry and it reveals that curing temperature of UF resin are slightly shifted to higher temperatures. To study the bonding strength and formaldehyde emission of the bonded plywood, the addition method and amount of MS are systematically investigated. The performance of the UF resins is remarkably improved by the addition of MS around 15% (weight percentage of the total resin) in the second stage. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40202.
The ipsilateral motor cortex does not contribute to long‐latency stretch reflex amplitude at the wrist
Authors: Fox Jonathan , Shemmell Jonathan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundA capacity for modulating the amplitude of the long‐latency stretch reflex (LLSR) allows us to successfully interact with a physical world with a wide range of different mechanical properties. It has recently been demonstrated that stretch reflex modulation is impaired in both arms following monohemispheric stroke, suggesting that reflex regulation may involve structures on both sides of the motor system.MethodsWe examined the involvement of both primary motor cortices in healthy reflex regulation by eliciting stretch reflexes during periods of suppression of the motor cortices contra‐ and ipsilateral to the extensor carpi radialis in the nondominant arm.ResultsLLSRs were significantly attenuated during suppression of the contralateral, but not ipsilateral, motor cortex. Modulation of the LLSR was not affected by suppression of either primary motor cortex.ConclusionOur results confirm the involvement of the contralateral motor cortex in the transmission of the LLSR, but suggest that the ipsilateral motor cortex plays no role in reflex transmission and that neither motor cortex is involved in stability‐dependent modulation of the LLSR. The implications of these results for reflex impairments following stroke are discussed.
GPR30 activation decreases anxiety in the open field test but not in the elevated plus maze test in female mice
Authors: Anchan Divya , Clark Sara , Pollard Kevin , Vasudevan Nandini 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe GPR30 is a novel estrogen receptor (ER) that is a candidate membrane ER based on its binding to 17β estradiol and its rapid signaling properties such as activation of the extracellular‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Its distribution in the mouse limbic system predicts a role for this receptor in the estrogenic modulation of anxiety behaviors in the mouse. A previous study showed that chronic administration of a selective agonist to the GPR30 receptor, G‐1, in the female rat can improve spatial memory, suggesting that GPR30 plays a role in hippocampal‐dependent cognition. In this study, we investigated the effect of a similar chronic administration of G‐1 on behaviors that denote anxiety in adult ovariectomized female mice, using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the open field test as well as the activation of the ERK pathway in the hippocampus. Although estradiol benzoate had no effect on behaviors in the EPM or the open field, G‐1 had an anxiolytic effect solely in the open field that was independent of ERK signaling in either the ventral or dorsal hippocampus. Such an anxiolytic effect may underlie the ability of G‐1 to increase spatial memory, by acting on the hippocampus.
Rational Design of Boradiazaindacene (BODIPY)‐Based Functional Molecules
Authors: Gupta Monika , Mula Soumyaditya , Tyagi Mrityunjay , Ghanty Tapan K. , Murudkar Sushant , Ray Alok K. , Chattopadhyay Subrata 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThree boradiazaindacene (BODIPY) dyes with different‐coloured (greenish‐yellow, orange and red) fluorescence and good Stokes shifts were synthesised starting from the greenish‐yellow BODIPY dye PM546. The high Stokes shifts of the dyes are due to the release of the steric strain in their excited states relative to that in the highly twisted ground states. One of these compounds might be a useful water‐soluble fluorophore, whereas the other two are promising H+ sensors.
Construction of Shallow Surface States through Light Ni Doping for High‐Efficiency Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production of CdS Nanocrystals
Authors: Li Shuo , Zhang Lijing , Jiang Tengfei , Chen Liping , Lin Yanhong , Wang Dejun , Xie Tengfeng 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNi‐doped CdS nanowires were synthesized by a simple one‐step method. X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy confirmed that light Ni doping can form shallow surface states due to the presence of substitutional Ni ions, and heavy Ni doping can form deep surface states due to the presence of interstitial Ni ions. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy and transient photovoltage measurements revealed that the shallow surface states can prolong the lifetime of the photogenerated charge carriers, whereas the deep surface states lead to recombination of the photogenerated charge carriers. The relationship between different surface states and the photocatalytic performance of CdS nanocrystals are discussed. The enhanced density of shallow surface states due to light Ni doping significantly promotes photocatalytic H2 production.
Chemical Behaviour of a Prototype Boryl(phosphino)carbene
Authors: Lavigne Florie , Maerten Eddy , Alcaraz Gilles , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Baceiredo Antoine 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe recently disclosed the synthesis of a novel “push–pull” boryl(phosphino)carbene. To determine the influence of this substitution pattern on the chemical behaviour, a study into the reactivity of the prototype (1) of this new family of B(sp2)‐substituted phosphinocarbenes was undertaken. Carbene 1 exhibits one of the most common intramolecular rearrangements of singlet carbenes, involving a 1,2‐mesityl shift, and typical [2+1] cycloaddition reactions with electron‐poor acrylonitrile. A pronounced α,β‐ambiphilic character was also shown by the reaction of 1 with benzaldehyde, leading to phosphorylalkene 4. Due to its specific electronic properties, carbene 1 also exhibits unprecedented reactivity with chloroacrylonitrile, enabling the formation of bicyclo[1.1.0]phosphetanium salt 6 and borylcyclopropene 9, which have been fully characterised by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography.
Total Synthesis of (+/−)‐Frondosin B and (+/−)‐5‐epi‐Liphagal by Using a Concise (4+3) Cycloaddition Approach
Authors: Laplace Duchan R. , Verbraeken Bart , Van Hecke Kristof , Winne Johan M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA recently developed (4+3) cycloaddition between dienes and furfuryl alcohols, as precursors of oxyallyl‐type cations, has been used as a key step in the racemic syntheses of two natural products: frondosin B and liphagal. This work demonstrates the synthetic potential of this cycloaddition reaction, and offers a short synthetic route to an interesting family of natural products. A full account of these synthetic studies is presented, further illustrating the mechanism, scope, and limitations of this straightforward synthetic method for seven‐membered rings.
An Unusual Triphenylphosphine Oxide Catalyzed Stereoselective 1,3‐Dichlorination of Unsaturated Ketoesters
Authors: Yu Tian‐Yang , Wang Yao , Xu Peng‐Fei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn unusual Ph3PO‐catalyzed stereoselective 1,3‐dicholorination of an unsaturated ketoester has been developed. The novel activation mode involved in this cascade reaction can promote consecutively elusive transformations. The products were obtained with good yields and excellent stereoselectivities. This reaction makes important complementation to the limitations associated with the field of dichlorination.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Directed Sulfenylation of Arene CH Bonds
Authors: Yang Yaxi , Hou Wei , Qin Lihuai , Du Juanjuan , Feng Huijin , Zhou Bing , Li Yuanchao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe rhodium‐catalyzed intermolecular direct CH thiolation of arenes with aryl and alkyl disulfides was developed for the first time to provide a convenient route to aryl thioethers. This strategy is compatible with many different directing groups and exhibits excellent functional group tolerance. More significantly, mono‐ or dithiolation can be selectively achieved, thus providing a straightforward way for selective preparation of aryl thioethers and dithioethers.
Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Patterns Created by Capillary Force and Their Impact on Cell Migration
Authors: Han Lulu , Wu Jindan , Ren Tanchen , Mao Zhengwei , Guo Yang , Gao Changyou 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCell migration plays a crucial role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. In this study a method of capillary force lithography was used to treat poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS)/poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDADMAC) multilayers with a PDMS stamp before or after etching by NaCl solution, yielding physical patterns with various features such as double thin lines, double strips, meniscus‐shaped ridges, and high ridges. The ridge height is controllable in the range of 25 and 1100 nm. Migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) was restrained by the double‐line patterns in a ridge height‐dependent manner. By contrast, the mobility of SMCs was controlled by both the hydration ratio of the multilayers and the pattern features.
Incorporation of Lysine‐Containing Copolymer with Polyurethane Affording Biomaterial with Specific Adsorption of Plasminogen
Authors: Xu Haichao , Luan Yafei , Wu Zhaoqiang , Li Xinming , Yuan Yuling , Liu Xiaoli , Yuan Lin , Li Dan , Chen Hong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA novel biomaterial based on polyurethane (PU) was prepared through physical incorporation of lysine‐containing copolymer to improve its hemocompatibility and surface recognition of plasminogen. The lysine‐containing copolymer was synthesized via the copolymerization of 2‐ethylhexyl methacrylate (EHMA), oligo (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) and 6‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl amino‐2‐(2‐methyl‐acryloylamino)‐hexanoic acid tert‐butyl ester (Lys(P)MA), followed by the deprotection of COOH and ε‐NH2 groups on lysine residues in the copolymer. The composition of the copolymer can be adjusted by varying the monomer feed ratio. The three components contribute to improving the compatibility with PU, resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption and specific binding of plasminogen, respectively. The binding capacity towards plasminogen increased with the lysine content in the copolymer. This approach illustrates a simple way for the generation of novel biomaterials with improved hemocompatibility and surface recognition of specific biomolecules.
Methyl 1,2‐Shift Rearrangement on C‐ring and Decarboxylation at C28 of Oleanolic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Hu Jun , Wu Jindan , Ju Yong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new oleanolic acid derivative with A‐ring lactone, C‐ring rearrangement and decarboxylation at C28 was synthesized, which was confirmed by HRMS, NMR and X‐ray crystal structure. It is the first report about the methyl rearrangement on C‐ring of oleanolic phenylmethyl ester, and the possible mechanism was proposed as the 1,2‐methyl shift.
Effects of Edge Oxidation on the Stability and Half‐Metallicity of Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Zhao Meilian , Yang Feng , Xue Ying , Xiao Dan , Guo Yong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA comprehensive first‐principles theoretical study of the electronic properties and half‐metallic nature of zigzag edge‐oxidized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is carried out by using density functional theory (DFT) with the screened exchange hybrid functional of Heyd, Scuseria and Ernzerhof (HSE06). The oxidation schemes include ‐OH, ‐COOH and ‐COO groups. We identify oxidized GQDs whose opposite spins are localized at the two zigzag edges in an antiferromagnetic‐type configuration, showing a spin‐polarized ground state. Oxidized GQDs are more stable than the corresponding fully hydrogenated GQDs. The partially hydroxylated and carboxylated GQDs with the same size exhibit half‐metallic state under almost the same electric‐field intensity whereas fully oxidized GQDs behave as spin‐selective semiconductors. The electric‐field intensity inducing the half metal increases with the length of the partially oxidized GQDs, ranging from M=4 to 7.
Interactions between assembly order and temperature can alter both short‐ and long‐term community composition
Authors: Clements Christopher F. , Warren Philip H. , Collen Ben , Blackburn Tim , Worsfold Nicholas , Petchey Owen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBoth the order in which species arrive in a community, and environmental conditions, such as temperature, are known to affect community structure. Little is known, however, about the potential for, and occurrence of, interactions between assembly history and the environment. Of particular, interest may be the interaction between temperature and community assembly dynamics, especially in the light of predicted global climatic change and the fundamental processes that are governed, through metabolic rate, by an individual's environmental temperature. We present, to our knowledge, the first experimental exploration of how the influence of assembly history, temperature, and the interaction between the two alters the structure of communities of competitors, using small‐scale protist microcosm communities where temperature and assembly order were manipulated factorially. In our experiment, the most important driver of long‐term abundance was temperature but long‐lasting assembly order effects influenced the relationship between temperature and abundance. Any advantage of early colonization proved to be short‐lived, and there was rarely any long‐term advantage to colonizing a habitat before other species. The results presented here suggest that environmental conditions shape community composition, but that occasionally temperature could interact with the stochastic nature of community assembly to significantly alter future community composition, especially where temperature change has been large. This could have important implications for the dynamics of both rare and invasive species.
Natural variation in chemosensation: lessons from an island nematode
Authors: McGaughran Angela , Morgan Katy , Sommer Ralf J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAll organisms must interact with their environment, responding in behavioral, chemical, and other ways to various stimuli throughout their life cycles. Characterizing traits that directly represent an organism's ability to sense and react to their environment provides useful insight into the evolution of life‐history strategies. One such trait for the nematode Pristionchus pacificus, chemosensation, is involved in navigation to beetle hosts. Essential for the survival of the nematode, chemosensory behavior may be subject to variation as nematodes discriminate among chemical cues to complete their life cycle. We examine this hypothesis using natural isolates of P. pacificus from La Réunion Island. We select strains from a variety of La Réunion beetle hosts and geographic locations and examine their chemoattraction response toward organic compounds, beetle washes, and live beetles. We find that nematodes show significant differences in their response to various chemicals and are able to chemotax to live beetles in a novel assay. Further, strains can discriminate among different cues, showing more similar responses toward beetle washes than to organic compounds in cluster analyses. However, we find that variance in chemoattraction response is not significantly associated with temperature, location, or beetle host. Rather, strains show a more concerted response toward compounds they most likely directly encounter in the wild. We suggest that divergence in odor‐guided behavior in P. pacificus may therefore have an important ecological component.
Low‐affinity FcγR interactions can decide the fate of novel human IgG‐sensitised red blood cells and platelets
Authors: Armour Kathryn L. , Smith Cheryl S. , Turner Craig P. , Kirton Christopher M. , Wilkes Anthony M. , Hadley Andrew G. , Ghevaert Cedric , Williamson Lorna M. , Clark Michael R. 
Published: November 2013

G1Δnab is a mutant human IgG1 constant region with a lower ability to interact with FcγR than the natural IgG constant regions. Radiolabelled RBCs and platelets sensitised with specific G1Δnab Abs were cleared more slowly from human circulation than IgG1‐sensitised counterparts. However, non‐destructive splenic retention of G1Δnab‐coated RBCs required investigation and plasma radioactivities now suggest this also occurred for platelets sensitised with an IgG1/G1Δnab mixture. In vitro assays with human cells showed that G1Δnab‐sensitised RBCs did not cause FcγRI‐mediated monocyte activation, FcγRIIIa‐mediated antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) or macrophage phagocytosis although they did adhere to macrophages. Thus, FcγRII was implicated in the adhesion despite the Δnab mutation reducing the already low‐affinity binding to this receptor class. Additional contacts via P‐selectin enhance the interaction of sensitised platelets with monocytes and this system provided evidence of FcγRII‐dependent activation by G1Δnab.These results emphasise the physiological relevance of low‐affinity interactions: It appears that FcγRII interactions of G1Δnab allowed splenic retention of G1Δnab‐coated RBCs with inhibitory FcγRIIb binding preventing RBC destruction and that FcγRIIb engagement by G1Δnab on IgG1/G1Δnab‐sensitised platelets overcame activation by IgG1. Considering therapeutic blocking Abs, G1Δnab offers lower FcγR binding and a greater bias towards inhibition than IgG2 and IgG4 constant regions.
Structural Investigation of Pyridinecarboxylato Titanium(IV) Complexes: An Uncommon Monomeric Octacoordinated Complex vs. a Hexaprismatic Architecture
Authors: Fenton Julie L. , Laaroussi Anasse , Mobian Pierre , Chaumont Clément , Khalil Georges , Huguenard Clarisse , Henry Marc 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe report the synthesis and structural characterisation of two titanium(IV) complexes. A new titanium(IV) complex bearing four picolinato ligands, denoted as Ti(pic)4, has been prepared under solvothermal conditions. This complex identified by single‐crystal diffraction is a new example of an octacoordinated environment for titanium(IV) and is close to an ideal triangular dodecahedron. A second synthesis of a hexaprismatric carboxylato titanium complex formulated as [Ti6(μ3‐O)6(OiPr)6(μ‐O2CC5H3NCOOiPr)6] starting from a dissymmetric anhydride pyridine carboxylic precursor is described. The solid‐state analysis shows the presence of a single compound among 13 possible species. Calculations gave evidence of a highly selective mechanism leading to the formation of the final product.
1,2‐Functionalized Imidazoles as Palladium Ligands: An Efficient and Robust Catalytic System for the Fluorine‐Free Hiyama Reaction
Authors: Martínez Regina , Pastor Isidro M. , Yus Miguel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA variety of hydroxy‐ and amino‐functionalized imidazoles were prepared from 1‐methyl‐ and 1‐(diethoxymethyl)imidazole by means of isoprene‐mediated lithiation followed by reaction with an electrophile. These compounds in combination with palladium acetate were screened as catalyst systems for the Hiyama reaction under fluorine‐free conditions using microwave irradiation. The systematic study of the catalytic system showed 1‐methyl‐2‐aminoalkylimidazole derivative L1 to be the best ligand, which was employed under solvent‐free conditions with a 1:2 Pd/ligand ratio and TBAB (20 mol‐%) as additive. The study has revealed an interaction between the Pd/ligand ratio and the amount of TBAB. The established catalytic system presented a certain degree of robustness, and it has been successfully employed in the coupling of a range of aryl bromides and chlorides with different aryl siloxanes. Furthermore, both reagents were employed in an equimolecular amount, without an excess of organosilane.