bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐dependent changes in skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area in Japanese adults from 40 to 79 years‐of‐age
Authors: Yamada Minoru , Moriguch Yoko , Mitani Takahiro , Aoyama Tomoki , Arai Hidenori 
Published: January 2014

AimThe age‐dependent loss of skeletal muscle mass is highly concerning in diverse aging populations. However, age‐dependent changes in muscle mass and the visceral fat area have not been well documented in Asian populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the age‐dependent changes in skeletal muscle mass and the visceral fat area in Japanese adults from 40 to 79 years‐of‐age.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study. Healthy men (n = 16 379) and women (n = 21 660) aged 40–79 years participated in the present study. The skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area were measured in the study participants by bioelectrical impedance. The muscle mass data were converted into the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) by dividing the weight by the height squared (kg/m2).ResultsThe SMI showed an age‐dependent decrease in both sexes. Between 40 and 79 years, the total SMI decreased by 10.8% in men and by 6.4% in women. The arm SMI decreased by 12.6% in men and 4.1% in women, and the leg SMI decreased by 10.1% in men and by 7.1% in women in the same period. In contrast, the visceral fat area showed an age‐dependent increase in both sexes. The visceral fat area increased by 42.9% in men and by 65.3% in women. The multiple regression analysis showed that the SMI was negatively associated with visceral obesity in both sexes.ConclusionsIn Japanese adults, sex‐specific changes in skeletal muscle mass are more prominent in the arm than in the leg. Furthermore, the age‐dependent increases in visceral adipose tissue might lead to loss of skeletal muscle mass. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 (Suppl. 1): 8–14.
Using two different algorithms to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia
Authors: Yoshida Daisuke , Suzuki Takao , Shimada Hiroyuki , Park Hyuntae , Makizako Hyuma , Doi Takehiko , Anan Yuya , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Uemura Kazuki , Ito Tadashi , Lee Sangyoon 
Published: January 2014

AimSeveral operative definitions and screening methods for sarcopenia have been proposed in previous studies; however, the opinions of researchers still differ. We compared the prevalence of sarcopenia using two different algorithms: (i) the European working group on sarcopenia in older people (EWGSOP)‐suggested algorithm using gait speed as the first step; and (ii) the muscle mass and strength algorithm.MethodsA population‐based, cross‐sectional survey of adults aged over 65 years was carried out. Data on a total of 4811 participants were available for analysis. Gait speed, grip strength and appendicular skeletal muscle mass were assessed to determine sarcopenia. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was estimated from bioimpedance analysis measurements and expressed as skeletal muscle mass index. Grip strength and skeletal muscle mass index were considered to be low if they fell below the threshold of the lowest 20% of values measured in a subset of healthy subjects. We compared the prevalence rates of sarcopenia determined by the two algorithms.ResultsThe prevalence rate of sarcopenia in a representative sample of older Japanese adults was 8.2% for men and 6.8% for women based on the EWGSOP algorithm. The two algorithms identified the same participants as sarcopenic, the only difference being the EWGSOP algorithm classified an additional seven participants (0.15%) into sarcopenia compared with the muscle mass and strength algorithm.ConclusionIt is debatable whether inclusion of gait speed is necessary when screening for sarcopenia in community‐dwelling older adults. Future research should examine the necessity of including gait speed in algorithms and the validity of cut‐off values. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 (Suppl. 1): 46–51.
Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity among men aged 80 years and older in Beijing: Prevalence and its association with functional performance
Authors: Meng Ping , Hu Yi‐Xin , Fan Li , Zhang Ying , Zhang Man‐Xiu , Sun Jing , Liu Yu , Li Mei , Yang Yuan , Wang Li‐Hui , Zhang Yan , Gao Wei , Han Xiao‐Qi , Chen Liang‐Kung 
Published: January 2014

AimSarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are significant associative factors for functional impairment related to aging. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, and their associations with functional status among men aged 80 years and older in Beijing.MethodsA total of 75 young healthy volunteers, and 101 older men aged 80 years and older participated in the present study. Demographic characteristics, anthropometry, skeletal muscle mass measured by dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), 6‐m gait speed and handgrip strength were collected. Relative appendicular skeletal muscle index (RASM) and percentage skeletal muscle index (SMI) were obtained.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 45.7% by using RASM. By the weight‐adjusted skeletal muscle index definition (SMI), the prevalence of sarcopenia was 53.2%. The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was lower by using RASM than SMI (4.9% vs 11.5%, P < 0.05). When we compared the sarcopenia prevalence (%) in obese participants, it was also remarkably lower by using RASM (40.0%) than SMI (95.0%). By using either RASM or SMI, gait speed was of no significant difference among the pure sarcopenia group, pure obese group and sarcopenic obesity group (0.76 ± 0.27 vs 0.82 ± 0.37 vs 0.82 ± 0.27 m/s, P > 0.05, by RASM; 0.75 ± 0.25 vs 0.92 ± 0.27 vs 0.82 ± 0.35 m/s, P > 0.05 by SMI), respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that thigh skeletal muscle mass was positively correlated with gait speed independently (β = 0.221, P = 0.011), and total body fat (β = −0.216, P = 0.002) and age (β = −0.524, P = 0.000) were negatively correlated with gait speed independently.ConclusionsThe prevalence of sarcopenia is high either based on RASM or SMI among Chinese men aged 80 years and older. Functional limitations were significantly associated with older age, skeletal muscle mass and total body fat. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 (Suppl. 1): 29–35.
Association of cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms and sarcopenia among healthy older men in the veterans retirement community in southern Taiwan: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hsu Ying‐Hsin , Liang Chih‐Kuang , Chou Ming‐Yueh , Liao Mei‐Chen , Lin Yu‐Teh , Chen Liang‐Kung , Lo Yuk‐Keung 
Published: January 2014

AimTo evaluate the association of cognitive impairment, depressive mood and sarcopenia among older men living in the veterans retirement community in southern TaiwanMethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited 353 men aged 65 years and older. In addition to demographic characteristics, all participants were measured for gait speed, handgrip strength and muscle mass by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The diagnosis of sarcopenia was made according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria. Slow walking speed was defined as ≤0.8 meter/second. Low muscle strength was defined as the handgrip strength less than 22.5 kg which was adjusted according to Taiwanese norms. A height‐adjusted muscle mass of 8.87 kg/m2 from a previous Taiwanese study was defined as low muscle mass. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Geriatric Depression Scale‐15 (GDS‐15) was used for screening of depressive symptoms.ResultsAmong the 353 participants (mean age 82.7 ± 5.3 years), 30.9% (109/353) were classified as sarcopenic. Multivariate logistic regression showed that sarcopenia was independently associated with cognitive impairment (adjusted OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.63–5.65, P < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (adjusted OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.03–4.89, P = 0.04).ConclusionsSarcopenia was significantly associated with cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms among otherwise healthy older men living in the veterans retirement community. Further outcome study is required to explore the interrelationship of cognition, depressive symptoms and sarcopenia in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 (Suppl. 1): 102–108.
Prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia in older Taiwanese living in rural community: The Tianliao Old People study 04
Authors: Wu Chih‐Hsing , Chen Kuan‐Ting , Hou Meng‐Tzu , Chang Yin‐Fan , Chang Chin‐Sung , Liu Ping‐Yen , Wu Shin‐Jiuan , Chiu Ching‐Ju , Jou I‐Ming , Chen Chuan‐Yu 
Published: January 2014

AimThe aim of the present study was to show the prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia in rural community‐dwelling older Taiwanese.MethodsUsing the whole community sampling method, a total of 285 men and 264 women aged over 65 years were randomly sampled (response rate = 50%) from Tianliao District, southern Taiwan, in 2012. Participants were interviewed by trained investigators to complete a validated structural questionnaire. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and skeletal muscle mass was estimated by Janssen's equation. The Mini‐Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, grip strength, gait speed and short physical performance battery (SPPB) were obtained by the standard procedures. Sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia were defined according to the 2010 consensus of the Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People.ResultsOf the 549 study participants, 39 (7.1%) were classified as having sarcopenia and 31 (5.6%) participants were classified as having severe sarcopenia. Using multiple logistic regression models, the age, sex, working status, waist circumference, body mass index, hypertensive history, MNA and SPPB score were independently associated with different stages of sarcopenia.ConclusionsApproximately one‐fifth of community‐dwelling older adults were facing the threat of sarcopenia in southern Taiwan. The older age, female sex, lower body mass index, higher waist circumference, a history of hypertension, lower MNA or SPPB score and not working regularly were associated factors for either sarcopenia or severe sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 (Suppl. 1): 69–75.
Plasma minichromosome maintenance complex component 6 is a novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Zheng Tenghao , Chen Ming , Han Shuangyin , Zhang Lida , Bai Yangqiu , Fang Xinhui , Ding Song‐Ze , Yang Yuxiu 
Published: January 2014

AimThis study aimed to investigate the presence of plasma minichromosome maintenance complex component 6 (MCM6) mRNA and protein levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and evaluate their diagnostic value for HCC.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 61 HCC and 29 cirrhotic patients, and 30 healthy individuals. Circulating RNA was extracted from plasma of all samples. The mRNA for MCM6 were amplified and quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Plasma MCM6 and α‐fetoprotein (AFP) protein levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsIn HCC patients, MCM6 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased over the cirrhotic and healthy controls. The levels of MCM6 mRNA and protein in the plasma of HCC patients correlated to vascular invasion (P < 0.01). Higher MCM6 protein levels also correlated with tumor stage progression and lymph node metastasis. The MCM6 protein has sensitivity of 67.2% and specificity of 89.8% in differentiating total HCC from non‐HCC individuals. In the AFP negative HCC group, MCM6 mRNA and protein could both detect 76.9% of HCC patients; combining the two of them increased the detection rate to 84.6%. In small HCC patients, MCM6 mRNA and protein could detect 64.3% and 71.4% of patients, respectively; combining AFP, MCM6 mRNA and MCM6 protein could detect 85.7% of small HCC patients.ConclusionOur results suggest that MCM6 mRNA and protein levels in plasma can be promising independent biomarkers for HCC, especially in AFP negative and small HCC patients.
Soluble intracellular adhesion molecule, M30 and M65 as serum markers of disease activity and prognosis in cholestatic liver diseases
Authors: Denk Gerald , Omary Ahmed‐Jawid , Reiter Florian Paul , Hohenester Simon , Wimmer Ralf , Holdenrieder Stefan , Rust Christian 
Published: January 2014

AimHepatic apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of immune‐mediated liver diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The aim of our study was to quantify distinct markers of apoptosis in sera of patients with AIH, PBC and PSC, and to evaluate correlation with markers of disease activity and prognosis.MethodsSera of patients with AIH, PBC and PSC, and of healthy controls were collected and distinct cell death markers were quantified using a bead‐based multiplex enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (soluble intracellular adhesion molecule [sICAM], macrophage migration inhibitory factor [MIF], soluble Fas [sFas], plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 [PAI‐1]) or single enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (DNAse, M30, M65).ResultsIn comparison with healthy controls, the apoptotic markers sFas, sICAM (only in PSC patients), M30 and the cell death marker M65 were substantially elevated in sera of patients with immune‐mediated liver diseases, whereas DNAse activity was reduced. Interestingly, patients with advanced PSC presented with higher levels of sICAM, M30 and M65 than patients with mild PSC. Regression analysis revealed correlations between serum levels of sICAM, M30 and M65 with the Mayo Risk Score for PSC, and of M65 with the Mayo Risk Score for PBC.ConclusionConcentrations of the serum markers of apoptosis sFas and M30 and of the marker of total cell death M65 are elevated in patients with immune‐mediated liver diseases, whereas activity of DNAse is reduced. In patients with PSC, sICAM, M30 and M65 may serve as indicators for disease activity and prognosis.
GRIA2 is a novel diagnostic marker for solitary fibrous tumour identified through gene expression profiling
Authors: Vivero Marina , Doyle Leona A , Fletcher Christopher D M , Mertens Fredrik , Hornick Jason L 
Published: January 2014

AimsThe NAB2–STAT6 fusion was recently identified as a consistent finding in solitary fibrous tumour (SFT), resulting in nuclear expression of the C‐terminal part of STAT6. Gene expression studies of SFT revealed high expression of the GRIA2 gene. The aim of this study was to examine GRIA2 expression in SFTs and other soft tissue tumours to evaluate its diagnostic utility.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry was performed on 375 soft tissue tumours. In total, 84 of 105 (80%) SFTs, including 86% of malignant SFTs and 100% of dedifferentiated SFTs, were positive for GRIA2. One SFT known to harbour the NAB2–STAT6 fusion but that was negative for STAT6 by immunohistochemistry was positive for GRIA2. It is of note that 93% of SFTs received in the last 3 years were positive for GRIA2, as compared with only 70% of older cases. The only other tumours that expressed GRIA2 were 15 of 20 (75%) cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), four of nine (44%) myoepitheliomas, one synovial sarcoma (<1% of cells), and one schwannoma.ConclusionsGRIA2 is a useful marker for distinguishing SFT from most mimics. Among other CD34‐positive tumours, GRIA2 is also expressed in DFSP; however, clinical and histological features aid in their distinction. GRIA2 shows a limited distribution in other soft tissue tumours.
Effect of photon‐initiated photoacoustic streaming on removal of apically placed dentinal debris
Authors: Arslan H. , Capar I. D. , Saygili G. , Gok T. , Akcay M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy of photon‐induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) technique with conventional, sonic and ultrasonic irrigation on the removal of apically placed dentinal debris from an artificial groove created in a root canal.MethodologyRoot canal preparation was performed up to size 40 on 48 extracted single‐rooted teeth using ProTaper rotary instruments. The specimens were then split longitudinally, and a standardized groove was prepared in the apical part of each segment. Each groove was filled with dentinal debris mixed with 5% NaOCl. Each tooth was reassembled and irrigated as follows: (i) conventional irrigation with 1% NaOCl, (ii) sonic, (iii) ultrasonic irrigation, and (iv) PIPS. The root segments were disassembled, and the amount of remaining dentinal debris was evaluated under a stereomicroscope at 20× magnification, using a four‐grade scoring system. The data were evaluated statistically using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐tests with a 95% confidence level (P = 0.05).ResultsPhoton‐induced photoacoustic streaming removed significantly more dentinal debris than conventional irrigation (P < 0.001), sonic irrigation (P < 0.001) or ultrasonic irrigation (P = 0.005). There was no significant difference between sonic and ultrasonic irrigation (P = 0.377).ConclusionsPhoton‐induced photoacoustic streaming was more effective than conventional, sonic and ultrasonic irrigation in the removal of apically placed dentinal debris.
Targeted Temperature Management after Intracerebral Hemorrhage (TTM-ICH): Methodology of a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rincon Fred , Friedman David P. , Bell Rodney , Mayer Stephan A. , Bray Paul F. 
Published: January 2014

Rationale Intracerebral hemorrhage causes 15% of strokes annually in the United States, and there is currently no effective therapy. Aims and hypothesis This is a clinical trial designed to study the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of a protocol of targeted temperature management to moderate hypothermia in intracerebral hemorrhage patients. Methods The targeted temperature management after intracerebral hemorrhage trial is a prospective, single-center, interventional, randomized, parallel, two-arm (1:1) phase-II clinical trial with blinded end-point ascertainment. Intracerebral hemorrhage patients will be randomized within 18 h of symptom onset to either 72 h of targeted temperature management to moderate hypothermia (32–34°C) followed by a controlled rewarming at of 0·05–0·1°C per hour or 72 h of targeted temperature management to normothermia (36–37°C) using endovascular or surface cooling. Outcomes The primary outcome is the development of serious adverse events possibly and probably related to treatment. Secondary outcomes include in-hospital neurological deterioration between day 0–7, in-hospital mortality, functional outcome measured by the modified Rankin scale at discharge and 90 days, and effect of treatment allocation on cerebral edema and hematoma volume. Discussion Intracerebral hemorrhage remains the most severe form of stroke with limited options to improve survival. As the early resuscitation phase in the intensive care unit represents the greatest opportunity for impact on clinical outcome, it also appears to be the most promising window of opportunity to demonstrate a benefit when investigating aggressive treatments. Conclusion More research of novel therapies to improve outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage is desperately needed. The results of the targeted temperature management after intracerebral hemorrhage clinical trial may provide additional information on the applicability of targeted temperature management after intracerebral hemorrhage.
Use of infliximab and other biologics in Behçet disease
Authors: Li J. , Fernando S. , Herkes G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBehçet disease is a multisystem vasculitis characterised by recurrent oral ulceration in conjunction with other manifestations. Neurological involvement or neuro‐Behçet disease is not common, but typically affects young men at its onset between the ages of 20 and 40 with significant long‐term morbidity and mortality. There is substantial case literature to support the use of tumour necrosis factor antagonists, notably infliximab, in the treatment of neuro‐Behçet disease.
Inadequate resuscitation documentation in older patients' clinical case notes
Authors: Brown M. , Ruberu R. , Thompson C. H. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis research examined the quality of resuscitation decisions documented in the clinical notes of 99 older patients within 48 h of admission. Only 34 had current documentation that was frequently inconsistent and ambiguous, leaving patients at risk of receiving inappropriate and unwanted resuscitation. Clear guidelines with community input to guide the implementation and documentation of end‐of‐life decisions are essential.
Ubiquitin‐activating enzyme E1 inhibitor PYR41 attenuates angiotensin II‐induced activation of dendritic cells via the IκBa/NF‐κB and MKP1/ERK/STAT1 pathways
Authors: Chen Chen , Meng Yan , Wang Lei , Wang Hong‐Xia , Tian Cui , Pang Guo‐Dong , Li Hui‐Hua , Du Jie 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe activation of dendritic cells (DCs) is necessary to initiate immune responses. Angiotensin II (Ang II) can enhance the maturation and activation of DCs, but the mechanisms are still unclear. Ubiquitin‐activating enzyme (E1/Uba1) is the common first step in ubiquitylation, which decides whether or not the modified protein is ultimately degraded by the proteasome. This study aimed to investigate the role of E1 in Ang II‐induced activation of DCs and the underlying mechanisms. First, we showed that Ang II stimulation significantly up‐regulated E1 expression in DCs. Moreover, Ang II treatment markedly induced phenotypic maturation, the secretion of cytokines and the immunostimulatory capacity of DCs. In contrast, inhibition of E1 by a small molecule inhibitor, 4 [4‐(5‐nitro‐furan‐2‐ylmethylene)‐3, 5‐dioxo‐pyrazolidin‐1‐yl]‐benzoic acid ethyl ester (PYR41), markedly attenuated these effects. Mechanistically, PYR41 treatment markedly decreased K63‐linked ubiquitination of tumour necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 6 and nuclear factor‐κB essential modulator, inhibited proteasomal degradation of nuclear factor‐κB inhibitor α and mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 thereby resulting in activation of nuclear factor‐κB, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signalling pathways in DCs induced by Ang II. Taken together, our results demonstrate a novel role of E1 in Ang II‐induced activation of DCs, and inhibition of E1 activity might be a potential therapeutic target for DC‐mediated autoimmune diseases.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma agonists in the prevention and treatment of murine systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Aprahamian Tamar R. , Bonegio Ramon G. , Weitzner Zachary , Gharakhanian Raffi , Rifkin Ian R. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists are known to have many immunomodulatory effects. We have previously shown that the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone is beneficial when used early in prevention of disease in murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and SLE‐related atherosclerosis. In this report, we demonstrate that another PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone is also beneficial as a treatment for early murine lupus, indicating that this is a class effect and not agent‐specific. We further attempt to define the ability of PPARγ agonists to ameliorate established or severe autoimmune disease using two mouse models: the MRL.lpr SLE model and the gld.apoE−/− model of accelerated atherosclerosis and SLE. We demonstrate that, in contrast to the marked amelioration of disease seen when PPARγ agonist treatment was started before disease onset, treatment with rosiglitazone after disease onset in MRL.lpr or gld.apoE−/− mice had minimal beneficial effect on the development of the autoimmune phenotype; however, rosiglitazone treatment remained highly effective at reducing lupus‐associated atherosclerosis in gld.apoE−/− mice after disease onset or when mice were maintained on a high cholesterol Western diet. These results suggest that beneficial effects of PPARγ agonists on the development of autoimmunity might be limited to the early stages of disease, but that atherosclerosis, a major cause of death in SLE patients, may be ameliorated even in established or severe disease.