bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental Attachment, Family Communalism, and Racial Identity Among African American College Students
Authors: Brown Carrie L. , Love Keisha M. , Tyler Kenneth M. , Garriot Patton O. , Thomas Deneia , Roan‐Belle Clarissa 
Published: April 2013

Parental attachment and familial communalism were examined as contributors to the racial identity of 165 African American college students. Students with secure attachments and high reports of communalism were in the later stage of their racial identity development, whereas students with insecure attachments and lacking communalism were in the earlier stages of their racial identity development.El apego parental y el comunalismo familiar se examinaron como contribuyentes a la identidad racial de 165 estudiantes universitarios afroamericanos. Los estudiantes con apegos seguros y alto índice de comunalismo se encontraban en la etapa avanzada del desarrollo de su identidad racial, mientras que los estudiantes con apegos inseguros y falta de comunalismo se encontraban en las etapas tempranas del desarrollo de su identidad racial.
Spheroid organization kinetics of H35 rat hepatoma model cell system on elastin‐like polypeptide–polyethyleneimine copolymer substrates
Authors: Turner Paul A. , Weeks C. Andrew , McMurphy Austin J. , Janorkar Amol V. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThough two‐dimensional systems have yielded some success in deriving morphological and functional markers of hepatocyte culture, they largely fail to capture the three‐dimensional organization, long‐term viability, and functionality of the hepatic tissue. We have engineered a system for inducing self‐assembly of model H35 rat hepatoma spheroids using a copolymer comprised of biocompatible elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP) chemically conjugated to positively charged polyethyleneimine (PEI). We have achieved a conjugation ratio of 30 mol %, though our studies analyzing spheroid organization kinetics indicate conjugate ratios of 5 mol % and greater to be optimal for cell culture based on least variability in spheroid sizes and minimum incidence of overgrown aggregates. Furthermore, our ELP–PEI system indicated the potential for influencing ultimate spheroid dimensions, with spheroid size inversely related to polyelectrolyte conjugation. Overall, this study provides a good starting point to investigate functional correlations between spheroid size and functional markers and their future use as an in vitro diagnostic or tissue engineering tool. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 852–861, 2014.
Trichoderma gamsii (NFCCI 2177): A newly isolated endophytic, psychrotolerant, plant growth promoting, and antagonistic fungal strain
Authors: Rinu K. , Sati Priyanka , Pandey Anita 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn endophytic fungus has been isolated from the lateral roots of lentil (Lens esculenta Moench), growing under mountain ecosystem of Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). While the fungus was observed as fast growing with white scanty mycelium turning to turmeric brown in 5 days of incubation at 25 °C, it also produced a unique odor. The fungus exhibited growth between 4 and 30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and tolerated pH between 2.0 and 13.5 (optimum 4–6). Based on phenotypic (colony morphology and microscopy) and genotypic (18S rRNA analysis) characters, the fungus was identified as Trichoderma gamsii (99% similarity). The fungus was evaluated for its plant growth promotion and biocontrol properties. The fungus was found to be positive for phosphate solubilization, chitinase activity, and production of ammonia and salicylic acid, while the results for production of IAA, HCN, and siderophores were negative. Out of the seven phytopathogenic fungi tested, it showed antagonism against six. Bioassays conducted under green house using four test crops (two cereals and two legumes) showed its potential in plant growth promotion. The fungus has potential to be developed as a bioformulation for application under mountain ecosystem.
Snow cover variability in the Himalayan–Tibetan region
Authors: Singh S. K. , Rathore B. P. , Bahuguna I. M. , Ajai  
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTSnow cover in the Himalayan–Tibetan region is highly variable in space and time, and influences the hydrology and climate at regional and global scales. Monthly MODIS snow cover and land surface temperature (LST) data have been analysed for the period 2000–2011. The details of the snow cover pattern during accumulation and ablation has been studied for the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra river basins. These river basins have shown a unique pattern of snow accumulation and ablation. The Indus and Ganga Basins have shown high snow cover percentage than the Brahmaputra during ablation period. The maximum snow cover for the three basins altogether is approximately 85% of the total geographic area which reduces to approximately 10% during ablation. Accumulation and ablation variations are clearly depicted by the LST variations of the respective basins. However, the Indus Basin has shown a unique increasing trend in snow cover, whereas the Ganga and Brahmaputra Basins have shown no significant trend in this decade. Snow cover for Tibetan region during March (accumulation) and September (ablation) months have not shown either increasing or decreasing trend from 2000 to 2011. Analysis of monthly average basin LST data has shown that Indus Basin experiences subfreezing conditions and delay in rise of peaks in comparison to Ganga and Brahmaputra which shows high LST during accumulation. This study shows that the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra Basins have shown different patterns in the snow cover variations during the last 12 years.
Mapping the role of tropical cyclones on the hydroclimate of the southeast United States: 2002–2011
Authors: Brun Julien , Barros Ana P. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe role of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the water budget of 3211 watersheds in the southeast United States (SE US) over the last decade (2002–2011) is examined in detail at daily and longer time‐scales towards mapping regional hydro‐climatic vulnerabilities. The work documents highly heterogeneous spatial and inter‐annual patterns of variability in the contribution of TC events to the annual cycle of rainfall from below 5% (e.g. 2011) to 65–70% (e.g. 2004 and 2005) at the watershed scale. The data indicate that, with average return periods of 1–3 years, singular TCs are key agents of drought demise redressing watershed precipitation deficits by 30–100%, and a key mechanism of regional meteorological drought mitigation at seasonal and inter‐annual time‐scales. Flood response and drought mitigation impacts of TCs are stronger for storms with terrestrial tracks predominantly on the Atlantic region and, or aligned with the Appalachian Mountains (AM) where orographic effects are evident in high precipitation amounts and high runoff ratios. Locally, rainfall‐runoff response along the terrestrial tracks of TCs increases when inter‐storm arrivals are short (<2 weeks), but evidence of the cumulative impact of antecedent precipitation on available soil moisture storage capacity at the seasonal scale is lacking except where groundwater‐tables are shallow in the Piedmont and in the Coastal Plain. Flood peaks do not exceed the 2‐year flood magnitude event at over 90% of gauged locations for any one storm. Thus, whereas increases in intensity and frequency of TCs should have a positive impact on regional water resources by reducing or interrupting and eliminating severe drought, especially in the Piedmont and Coastal Plains, the impact on river discharge should mostly affect the magnitude of the bank‐full and low hydroperiodicity flooding (≤5‐year events) that are tightly linked to the functional resiliency of natural and developed landscapes.
Preliminary Findings of the Relationship of Lower Heart Rate Variability with Military Sexual Trauma and Presumed Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Lee Elizabeth A. D. , Bissett Joe K. , Carter Michael A. , Cowan Patricia A. , Pyne Jeffrey M. , Speck Patricia M. , Theus Sue A. , Tolley Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2013

Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) occurs with physical and psychological disorders and is a predictor of cardiac and all‐cause mortality. This study was the first of which we are aware to examine and report the relationship between military sexual trauma (MST) and HRV measures. In a historical cohort study of female veterans with (n = 27) and without (n = 99) MST who received Holter and electrocardiogram evaluation at a Veteran Affairs medical center during 2007–2010, we examined the relationship between MST and the standard deviation of all R‐R intervals (SDNN) and the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent R‐R intervals (RMSSD). Female veterans with MST were younger, p = .002, frequently had a probable posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis, 80% versus 15%, p = < .0001, and had lower SDNN, p = .0001, and RMSSD, p = .001, than those without MST. The SDNN and RMSSD of a 25‐year‐old female veteran with MST were comparable to that of female veterans aged 69 to 81 years without MST. Further research is needed to evaluate relationships between MST and HRV measures.
Metrics in Sponsorship Research—Is Credibility an Issue?
Authors: Meenaghan Tony , O'Sullivan Paul 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTSponsorship has been one of the fastest growing marketing platforms in recent decades, yet while marketing expenditures generally are being increasingly subjected to the requirement and discipline of accountability, it would seem that sponsorship practice behaves as if impervious to this changed climate. Considering both the extent to which business fails to measure sponsorship effectiveness at all and where measured, the problematic nature of the metrics employed, it is probably an understatement to conclude that a “measurement deficit” exists in sponsorship. This paper proposes a critique of current practice in the evaluation of sponsorship effectiveness and in particular examines in detail inherent problems arising from the use of the two main metrics currently employed by the industry, “Media Exposure” and “Sponsorship Awareness.” It illustrates the latitude provided by these metrics and the variability of outcomes that can be extracted from their use or in some cases potential abuse. Such latitude in conceptualization and application can extend to having the same sponsorship program receive quite radically different evaluations based on the same raw data. This raises serious questions about the credibility and effectiveness of current sponsorship measurement. The paper further suggests that in order to secure the future of sponsorship and exploit its competitive media advantage, there is a need for the industry to reposition itself in terms of delivering brand experience, engagement, and involvement rather than mere exposure.
New Challenges in Sponsorship Evaluation Actors, New Media, and the Context of Praxis
Authors: Meenaghan Tony , McLoughlin Damien , McCormack Alan 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper seeks to address a number of changes taking place in sponsorship, which have implications for performance measurement. One such change is the extent to which major sponsors now view sponsorship more holistically and strategically as a platform to address the entire range of stakeholder groups enabled by sponsorship. A second challenge involves the increased usage of social media in sponsorship and its capacity to engage and connect with sponsorship audiences. Both of these changes represent important challenges for the evaluation of sponsorship effects. These challenges are considered against the backdrop of key principles regarding evaluation and the current state of industry practice with regard to sponsorship evaluation.
In vitro toxicological characterization of two arsenosugars and their metabolites
Authors: Leffers Larissa , Ebert Franziska , Taleshi Mojtaba S. , Francesconi Kevin A. , Schwerdtle Tanja 
Published: April 2013

ScopeIn their recently published Scientific Opinion on Arsenic in Food, the European Food Safety Authority concluded that a risk assessment for arsenosugars is currently not possible, largely because of the lack of relevant toxicological data. To address this issue, we carried out a toxicological in vitro characterization of two arsenosugars and six arsenosugar metabolites.Methods and resultsThe highly pure synthesized arsenosugars, DMAV‐sugar‐glycerol and DMAV‐sugar‐sulfate, investigated in this study, as well as four metabolites, oxo‐dimethylarsenoacetic acid (oxo‐DMAAV), oxo‐dimethylarsenoethanol (oxo‐DMAEV), thio‐DMAAV and thio‐DMAEV, exerted neither cytotoxicity nor genotoxicity up to 500 μM exposure in cultured human bladder cells. However, two arsenosugar metabolites, namely dimethyl‐arsinic acid (DMAV) and thio‐dimethylarsinic acid (thio‐DMAV), were toxic to the cells; thio‐DMAV was even slightly more cytotoxic than arsenite. Additionally, intestinal bioavailability of the arsenosugars was assessed applying the Caco‐2 intestinal barrier model. The observed low, but significant transfer rates of the arsenosugars across the barrier model provide further evidence that arsenosugars are intestinally bioavailable.ConclusionIn a cellular system that metabolizes arsenosugars, cellular toxicity likely arises. Thus, in strong contrast to arsenobetaine, arsenosugars cannot be categorized as nontoxic for humans and a risk to human health cannot be excluded.
Denoising diffusion‐weighted magnitude MR images using rank and edge constraints
Authors: Lam Fan , Babacan S. Derin , Haldar Justin P. , Weiner Michael W. , Schuff Norbert , Liang Zhi‐Pei 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo improve signal‐to‐noise ratio for diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance images.MethodsA new method is proposed for denoising diffusion‐weighted magnitude images. The proposed method formulates the denoising problem as an maximum a posteriori} estimation problem based on Rician/noncentral χ likelihood models, incorporating an edge prior and a low‐rank model. The resulting optimization problem is solved efficiently using a half‐quadratic method with an alternating minimization scheme.ResultsThe performance of the proposed method has been validated using simulated and experimental data. Diffusion‐weighted images and noisy data were simulated based on the diffusion tensor imaging model and Rician/noncentral χ distributions. The simulation study (with known gold standard) shows substantial improvements in single‐to‐noise ratio and diffusion tensor estimation after denoising. In vivo diffusion imaging data at differentb‐values were acquired. Based on the experimental data, qualitative improvement in image quality and quantitative improvement in diffusion tensor estimation were demonstrated. Additionally, the proposed method is shown to outperform one of the state‐of‐the‐art nonlocal means‐based denoising algorithms, both qualitatively and quantitatively.ConclusionThe single‐to‐noise ratio of diffusion‐weighted images can be effectively improved with rank and edge constraints, resulting in an improvement in diffusion parameter estimation accuracy.Magn Reson Med 71:1272–1284, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiac functional assessment without electrocardiogram using physiological self‐navigation
Authors: Kolbitsch Christoph , Prieto Claudia , Schaeffter Tobias 
Published: April 2013

PurposeElectrocardiogram (ECG)‐gated cine MRI provides highly accurate functional assessment of the heart. Nevertheless, reliable ECG signals are not always available due to patient's electrophysiology or due to high MR field strengths. Here, a novel framework for cardiac functional assessment using physiological information is presented, which is obtained from MR image data.MethodsMultiple long‐axis slices rotated around the center axis of the left ventricle are acquired using a 2D Golden Radial acquisition scheme. This sampling approach allows for both real‐time data and retrospectively reordered cine images with different temporal resolutions. Functional information from the left ventricle is used for retrospective reordering of the data to reconstruct cine images without an external ECG signal. Afterward, individual 2D cine slices are synchronized using physiological information on the mitral valve closure. The proposed approach was assessed in 15 volunteers and applied in four patients for feasibility.ResultsPhysiological gating signals obtained with our approach show great correlation with an ECG reference signal. Functional parameters determined with the presented method show a relative difference of less than 1.3% when compared with an ECG‐gated approach.ConclusionIt is successfully demonstrated that functional assessment of the heart is possible using physiological information obtained directly from MR image data. Magn Reson Med 71:942–954, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The dominant eigenvalue of an essentially nonnegative tensor
Authors: Zhang L. P. , Qi L. Q. , Luo Z. Y. , Xu Y. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYIt is well known that the dominant eigenvalue of a real essentially nonnegative matrix is a convex function of its diagonal entries. This convexity is of practical importance in population biology, graph theory, demography, analytic hierarchy process, and so on. In this paper, the concept of essentially nonnegativity is extended from matrices to higher‐order tensors, and the convexity and log convexity of dominant eigenvalues for such a class of tensors are established. Particularly, for any nonnegative tensor, the spectral radius turns out to be the dominant eigenvalue and hence possesses these convexities. Finally, an algorithm is given to calculate the dominant eigenvalue, and numerical results are reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma Deposition of an Organophosphorus Coating at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Hilt Florian , Duday David , Gherardi Nicolas , Frache Gilles , Bardon Julien , Choquet Patrick 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPlasma polymerisation of an organophosphorus monomer in atmospheric pressure‐dielectric barrier discharge was studied. Phosphate‐based molecules were introduced as a vapour into a nitrogen plasma at atmospheric pressure and a phosphorus‐containing coating was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy and ellipsometry revealed the morphology of the coating while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated a hybrid organic–inorganic coating containing phosphate, organophosphate and different N‐containing groups. The new polymer structure of the coating was highlighted by secondary ion mass spectrometry.magnified image
Appraisal of Staging Endoscopic Ultrasonography in a Modern High‐Volume Esophageal Program
Authors: O’Farrell Naoimh J. , Malik Vinod , Donohoe Claire L. , Johnston Ciaran , Muldoon Cian , Reynolds John V. , O’Toole Dermot 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundAccurate pretreatment staging is essential to decision making for patients with esophageal and junctional cancers, particularly when choosing endoscopic therapy or a multimodal approach. As the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has been reported as variable, we assessed it prospectively in a large cohort from a high‐volume center.MethodsThe EUS data from 2007 to 2011 were reviewed and analyzed. We conducted a comparative analysis with computed tomography‐positron emission tomography (CT‐PET) staging and pathology. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier testing on EUS‐predicted T‐ and N‐stage cohorts.ResultsAltogether, 222 patients underwent EUS. Among patients undergoing primary surgical resection, preoperative EUS diagnosed the T stage correctly in 71 % (55/77) of cases. Sensitivity and specificity for T1, T2, and T3 tumors were 94 and 89 %, 55 and 80 %, and 66 and 93 %, respectively. Mean maximum standard uptake volume on CT‐PET correlated moderately with the EUS T stage (r = 0.42, p < 0.0001). EUS accuracy for nodal disease was 65 %. Survival was statistically better for the EUS T1 group than for those with T3 tumors (p = 0.01). Nodal metastases diagnosed on EUS predicted a significantly worse prognosis than EUS‐negative nodes on both univariate and multivariate analyses (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.005 respectively).ConclusionsThere was a significant relation between EUS T and N stages and overall survival. EUS demonstrated 71 % accuracy for the overall T stage. Staging accuracy of EUS for large lesions was less effective than for T1 tumors, underlining the need for a multimodal investigative approach to stage esophageal tumors accurately.
Continuous Flow Methylene Blue Active Substances Method for the Determination of Anionic Surfactants in River Water and Biodegradation Test Samples
Authors: Wyrwas Bogdan , Zgoła‐Grześkowiak Agnieszka 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAnionic surfactants are commonly determined with the use of the methylene blue active substances (MBAS) standard method, which is time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. Therefore, new methods for determination of anionic surfactants are needed. In this study, the standard MBAS method for determination of anionic surfactants was modified and adjusted to work in a continuous flow system combined with spectrophotometric measurement. The developed method was found to be satisfactory in terms of sensitivity and precision, with a short time of analysis. The quantification limit for anionic surfactants was at 16 μg L−1, with a relative standard deviation of 1.3 % for a model sample and 3.8 % for a river water sample. The results obtained for environmental samples were comparable to those obtained by using the standard MBAS method; however, the developed continuous flow method is faster, more sensitive and consumes smaller doses of chemical reagents.
Terminating constraint set satisfiability and simplification algorithms for context-dependent overloading
Authors: Ribeiro Rodrigo , Camarão Carlos , Figueiredo Lucília 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Algorithms for constraint set satisfiability and simplification of Haskell type class constraints are used during type inference in order to allow the inference of more accurate types and to detect ambiguity. Unfortunately, both constraint set satisfiability and simplification are in general undecidable, and the use of these algorithms may cause non-termination of type inference. This paper presents algorithms for these problems that terminate on any given input, based on the use of a criterion that is tested on each recursive step. The use of this criterion eliminates the need of imposing syntactic conditions on Haskell type class and instance declarations in order to guarantee termination of type inference in the presence of multi-parameter type classes, and allows program compilation without the need of compiler flags for lifting such restrictions. Undecidability of the problems implies the existence of instances for which the algorithm incorrectly reports unsatisfiability, but we are not aware of any practical example where this occurs.