bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the pattern of paracetamol use in the periconception period in a Danish cohort
Authors: Ersbøll Anne S. , Hedegaard Mette , Damm Peter , Johansen Marianne , Tabor Ann , Hegaard Hanne K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractParacetamol is the most commonly used over‐the‐counter drug in pregnancy. It is generally considered to be safe, but prolonged antenatal exposure has been associated with offspring short‐ and long‐term morbidity. Our aim was to describe the pattern of paracetamol use with a focus on frequent ingestion (more than once a week), 3 months before and in early pregnancy. In this cohort, 8650 pregnant women responded to a web‐based clinical questionnaire that included questions about drug use. Paracetamol was the most used drug before and in early pregnancy (35.2% and 6.5% of respondents, respectively). The proportion of frequent users decreased from 3.9% before to 0.9% in early pregnancy. Frequent paracetamol use was associated with smoking, co‐morbidities, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, unplanned pregnancy, no education and inability to understand Danish. A significant decrease in the proportion of women with any paracetamol use in early pregnancy was noted after access to large packs was restricted by legislation.
Indirect interactions among tropical tree species through shared rodent seed predators: a novel mechanism of tree species coexistence
Authors: Garzon‐Lopez Carol X. , Ballesteros‐Mejia Liliana , Ordoñez Alejandro , Bohlman Stephanie A. , Olff Han , Jansen Patrick A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe coexistence of numerous tree species in tropical forests is commonly explained by negative dependence of recruitment on the conspecific seed and tree density due to specialist natural enemies that attack seeds and seedlings (‘Janzen–Connell’ effects). Less known is whether guilds of shared seed predators can induce a negative dependence of recruitment on the density of different species of the same plant functional group. We studied 54 plots in tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, with contrasting mature tree densities of three coexisting large seeded tree species with shared seed predators. Levels of seed predation were far better explained by incorporating seed densities of all three focal species than by conspecific seed density alone. Both positive and negative density dependencies were observed for different species combinations. Thus, indirect interactions via shared seed predators can either promote or reduce the coexistence of different plant functional groups in tropical forest.
Use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in insect trophic ecology
Authors: Hyodo Fujio 
Published: May 2015

AbstractInsects are the most diverse organisms and often the most abundant animals in some ecosystems. Despite the importance of their functional roles and of the knowledge for conservation, the trophic ecology of many insect species is not fully understood. In this review,Ipresent how stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes have been used to reveal the trophic ecology of insects over the last 30 years. The isotopic studies on insects have used differences inCisotope ratios betweenC3andC4plants, along vertical profiles of temperate and tropical forest stands, and between terrestrial and aquatic resources. These differences enable exploration of the relative importance of the food resources, as well as movement and dispersal of insects across habitats. The13C‐enrichment (approximately 3‰) caused by saprotrophic fungi can allow the estimation of the importance of fungi in insect diets. StableNisotopes have revealed food resource partitioning across diverse insect species above and belowground. Detritivorous insects often show a large trophic enrichment in13C(up to 3‰) and15N(up to 10‰) relative to the food substrates, soil organic matter. These values are greater than those commonly used for estimation of trophic level. This enrichment likely reflects the prevalence of soil microbial processes, such as fungal development and humification, influencing the isotopic signatures of diets in detritivores. Isotope analysis can become an essential tool in the exploration of insect trophic ecology in terms of biogeochemicalCandNcycles, including trophic interactions, plant physiological and soil microbial processes.
Speed and complexity characterize attention problems in children with localization‐related epilepsy
Authors: Berl Madison M. , Terwilliger Virginia , Scheller Alexandra , Sepeta Leigh , Walkowiak Jenifer , Gaillard William D. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryObjectiveChildren with epilepsy (EPI) have a higher rate of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; 28–70%) than typically developing (TD) children (5–10%); however, attention is multidimensional. Thus, we aimed to characterize the profile of attention difficulties in children with epilepsy.MethodsSeventy‐five children with localization‐related epilepsy ages 6–16 years and 75 age‐matched controls were evaluated using multimodal, multidimensional measures of attention including direct performance and parent ratings of attention as well as intelligence testing. We assessed group differences across attention measures, determined if parent rating predicted performance on attention measures, and examined if epilepsy characteristics were associated with attention skills.ResultsThe EPI group performed worse than the TD group on timed and complex attention aspects of attention (p < 0.05), whereas performance on simple visual and simple auditory attention tasks was comparable. Children with EPI were 12 times as likely as TD children to have clinically elevated symptoms of inattention as rated by parents, but ratings were a weak predictor of attention performance. Earlier age of onset was associated with slower motor speed (p < 0.01), but no other epilepsy‐related clinical characteristics were associated with attention skills.SignificanceThis study clarifies the nature of the attention problems in pediatric epilepsy, which may be under‐recognized. Children with EPI had difficulty with complex attention and rapid response, not simple attention. As such, they may not exhibit difficulty until later in primary school when demands increase. Parent report with standard ADHD screening tools may under‐detect these higher‐order attention difficulties. Thus, monitoring through direct neuropsychological performance is recommended.
Decennial Analysis of Interventional Left Atrial Appendage Closure
Authors: SCHMIDT BORIS , BORDIGNON STEFANO , FUERNKRANZ ALEXANDER , PERROTTA LAURA , SCHERER DETLEF , CHUN K.R. JULIAN 
Published: May 2015

Long‐Term Follow‐Up of LAA OcclusionIntroductionData on long‐term follow‐up (LTFU) after interventional closure of the left atrial appendage (LAAC) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) are scarce. We sought to determine the outcome of patients after LAAC with the first generation device.Methods and ResultsThe Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien (CCB) LAAC registry database was analyzed. Between October 2001 and July 2007, 45 AF patients (23 male, mean age 71 ± 6 years; mean CHA2DS2‐VaSc 4.3 ± 1.7 [range 1–7]; mean HASBLED score 3.3 ± 1.2 [1–5]) received LAAC. Postimplant dual‐platelet inhibition with clopidogrel 75 mg/day and aspirine (ASA) 300 mg/day was prescribed for 6 months, followed by ASA 300 mg indefinitely. The primary endpoint was defined as any thrombembolic complication and/or any bleeding complication. The median FU was 7.4 years (1–12.4 years) resulting in 292 patient years. Fourteen patients died due to heart failure (n = 4), noncardiac reasons (n = 7), or due to unknown etiology (n = 3). No patient died from a bleeding or a stroke. Five ischemic strokes occurred at a median of 794 days (range 304–3,706 days) after LAAC. The observed annual stroke rate was 1.7% (RR 0.43; 95% CI 0.24–0.74; P = 0.0028). In 6 patients bleeding occurred (2 acute procedural, 4 during follow‐up). The observed annual bleeding rate was 2.1% (RR 0.56; 95% CI 0.48–0.66; P < 0.0001).ConclusionDuring LTFU after LAAC in patients with nonvalvular AF, lower event rates than expected are observed for both thrombembolic and bleeding complications.
Guidelines of care for vascular lasers and intense pulse light sources from the European Society for Laser Dermatology
Authors: Adamič M. , Pavlović M.D. , Troilius Rubin A. , Palmetun‐Ekbäck M. , Boixeda P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimLasers and non‐coherent intense pulse light sources (IPLS) are based on the principle of selective photothermolysis and can be used for the treatment of many vascular skin lesions. A variety of lasers has been developed for the treatment of congenital and acquired vascular lesions which incorporate these concepts into their design. Although laser and light sources are very popular due to their non‐invasive nature, caution should be considered by practitioners and patients to avoid permanent side‐effects. The aim of these guidelines is to give evidence‐based recommendations for the use of lasers and IPLS in the treatment of vascular lesions.MethodsThese guidelines were produced by a Consensus Panel made up of experts in the field of vascular laser surgery under the auspices of the European Society of Laser Dermatology. Recommendations on the use of vascular lasers and IPLS were made based on the quality of evidence for efficacy, safety, tolerability, cosmetic outcome, patient satisfaction/preference and, where appropriate, on the experts’ opinion. The recommendations of these guidelines are graded according to the American College of Chest Physicians Task Force recommendations on Grading Strength of Recommendations and Quality of Evidence in Clinical Guidelines.ResultsLasers and IPLS are very useful and sometimes the only available method to treat various vascular lesions. It is of a paramount importance that the type of laser or IPLS and their specific parameters are adapted to the indication but also that the treating physician is familiar with the device to be used. The crucial issue in treating vascular lesions is to recognize the immediate end‐point after laser treatment. This is the single most important factor to ensure both the efficacy of the treatment and avoidance of serious side‐effects.
Job satisfaction and horizontal violence in hospital staff registered nurses: the mediating role of peer relationships
Authors: Purpora Christina , Blegen Mary A 
Published: May 2015

Aims and objectivesTo describe the association between horizontal violence and job satisfaction in hospital staff registered nurses and the degree to which peer relationships mediates the relationship. Additionally, the association between nurse and work characteristics and job satisfaction were determined.BackgroundHorizontal violence is a major predictor of nurses' job satisfaction. Yet, not enough is known about the relationship between these variables. Job satisfaction is an important variable to study because it is a predictor of patient care quality and safety internationally. Peer relationships, a job satisfier for nurses, was identified as a potential mediator in the association between horizontal violence and job satisfaction.DesignCross‐sectional mediational model testing.MethodsAn anonymous four‐part survey of a random sample of 175 hospital staff registered nurses working in California provided the data. Data about horizontal violence, peer relationships, job satisfaction, and nurse and work characteristics were collected between March–August 2010.ResultsA statistically significant negative relationship was found between horizontal violence and peer relationships, job satisfaction and a statistically significant positive relationship was found between peer relationships and job satisfaction. Peer relationships mediated the association between horizontal violence and job satisfaction. Job satisfaction was reported as higher by nurses who worked in teaching hospitals. There were no statistically significant differences in job satisfaction based on gender, ethnicity, basic registered nurse education, highest degree held, size of hospital or clinical area.ConclusionsThe results suggest that peer relationships can attenuate the negative relationship between horizontal violence and job satisfaction. This adds to the extant literature on the relationship between horizontal violence and job satisfaction.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings highlight peer relationships as an important factor when considering effective interventions that foster hospital staff registered nurses' job satisfaction in the presence of horizontal violence.
Ineffective breathing pattern in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease: accuracy of defining characteristics
Authors: Beltrão Beatriz Amorim , Herdman Tracy Heather , Pascoal Lívia Maia , Chaves Daniel Bruno Resende , da Silva Viviane Martins , de Oliveira Lopes Marcos Venícios 
Published: May 2015

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence ofineffective breathing patternand the accuracy of its defining characteristics, among children and adolescents with congenital heart disease.BackgroundTheNANDAInternational nursing diagnosis,ineffective breathing pattern, has been noted to have high prevalence in different clinical contexts and age groups. Despite that, nurses continue to report difficulties in confirming this diagnosis. The lack of data regarding the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the defining characteristics contribute to decreased certainty in diagnosingineffective breathing pattern.DesignA diagnostic accuracy study.MethodsThis study of diagnostic accuracy was conducted with 61 children and adolescents with congenital heart disease. Two nurses were trained by the primary investigator on use of defining characteristics in the diagnostic process forineffective breathing pattern.ResultsIneffective breathing patternwas present in 26·2% of the children and adolescents sampled. When analysing the defining characteristics,alterations in depth of breathing,showed high values of sensitivity and specificity. In addition,orthopnoea,tachypnoeaanduse of accessory muscles to breathe,showed high values of specificity; dyspnoeashowed high values of sensitivity. Finally,assumption of three‐point position,bradypnoeaandincreased anterior–posterior diameterwere not found to be statistically significant for this sample population.ConclusionFive defining characteristics ofineffective breathing patternpresented measures of accuracy with statistically significant values in children with congenital heart disease.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings can help nurses during the diagnostic process, as they identify which defining characteristics can be used to confirm or rule out the probability of occurrence of the diagnosis.
Idiosyncratic Cash Flows and Systematic Risk
Authors: BABENKO ILONA , BOGUTH OLIVER , TSERLUKEVICH YURI 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTWe show that unpriced cash flow shocks contain information about future priced risk. A positive idiosyncratic shock decreases the sensitivity of firm value to priced risk factors and simultaneously increases firm size and idiosyncratic risk. A simple model can therefore explain book‐to‐market and size anomalies, as well as the negative relation between idiosyncratic volatility and stock returns. Empirically, we find that anomalies are more pronounced for firms with high idiosyncratic cash flow volatility. More generally, our results imply that any economic variable correlated with the history of idiosyncratic shocks can help to explain expected stock returns.
CEO Turnover and Relative Performance Evaluation
Authors: JENTER DIRK , KANAAN FADI 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper shows that CEOs are fired after bad firm performance caused by factors beyond their control. Standard economic theory predicts that corporate boards filter out exogenous industry and market shocks from firm performance before deciding on CEO retention. Using a hand‐collected sample of 3,365 CEO turnovers from 1993 to 2009, we document that CEOs are significantly more likely to be dismissed from their jobs after bad industry and, to a lesser extent, after bad market performance. A decline in industry performance from the 90thto the 10thpercentile doubles the probability of a forced CEO turnover.
The Role of Institutional Investors in Voting: Evidence from the Securities Lending Market
Authors: AGGARWAL REENA , SAFFI PEDRO A. C. , STURGESS JASON 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates voting preferences of institutional investors using the unique setting of the securities lending market. Investors restrict lendable supply and/or recall loaned shares prior to the proxy record date to exercise voting rights. Recall is higher for investors with greater incentives to monitor, for firms with poor performance or weak governance, and for proposals where returns to governance are likely higher. At the subsequent vote, recall is associated with less support for management and more support for shareholder proposals. Our results indicate that institutions value their vote and use the proxy process to affect corporate governance.
Estimating themissing species bias in plant trait measurements
Authors: Sandel Brody , Gutiérrez Alvaro G. , Reich Peter B. , Schrodt Franziska , Dickie John , Kattge Jens 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimDo plant trait databases represent a biased sample of species, and if so, can that bias be corrected? Ecologists are increasingly collecting and analysing data on plant functional traits, and contributing them to large plant trait databases. Many applications of such databases involve merging trait measurements with other data such as species distributions in vegetation plots; a process that invariably produces matrices with incomplete trait and species data. Typically, missing data are simply ignored and it is assumed that the missing species are missing at random.MethodsHere, we argue that this assumption is unlikely to be valid and propose an approach for estimating the strength of the bias regarding which species are represented in trait databases. The method leverages the fact that, within a given database, some species have many measurements of a trait and others have few (high vs low measurement intensity). In the absence of bias, there should be no relationship between measurement intensity and trait values. We demonstrate the method using five traits that are part of the TRY database, a global archive of plant traits. Our method also leads naturally to a correction for this bias, which we validate and apply to two examples.ResultsSpecific leaf area and seed mass were strongly positively biased (frequently measured species had higher trait values than rarely measured species), leaf nitrogen per unit mass and maximum height were moderately negatively biased, and maximum photosynthetic capacity per unit leaf area was weakly negatively biased. The bias‐correction method yielded greatly improved estimates in the validation tests for the two most biased traits. Further, in our two applications, ecological interpretations were shown to be sensitive to uncorrected bias in the data.ConclusionsSpecies inclusion in trait databases appears to be strongly biased in some cases, and failure to correct this can lead to incorrect conclusions.
New Firms as Employers: The Wage Penalty for Voluntary and Involuntary Job Switchers
Authors: Nyström Kristina , Zhetibaeva Elvung Gulzat 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAccording to previous research, new firms pay lower wages. However, previous studies have been unable to control for the possibility that the opportunity costs of accepting employment at new firms may differ across individuals. In this paper, we investigate whether a wage penalty for being employed at a new firm exists if we take the individual employee's experience and status in the labour market into consideration. We focus on individuals who decide to switch jobs and use matched employee–employer data about all firms and employees in Sweden for the period 1998–2010. Our results show that the share of job transitions into lower wages are higher for those who switch to new firms compared with incumbent firms (40 per cent and 31 per cent, respectively). Our endogenous wage equation estimates indicate that being an involuntary job switcher has an equally negative effect on wages at both new and incumbent firms. However, the positive effect of education on wages is more pronounced for job switchers selecting into incumbent firms.
Predictive value of routine esophageal high‐resolution manometry for gastro‐esophageal reflux disease
Authors: van Hoeij F. B. , Smout A. J. , Bredenoord A. J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundUsing conventional manometry, gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD) was associated with a reduced lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and impaired peristalsis. However, with a large overlap between GERD patients and controls, these findings are of limited clinical relevance. It is uncertain whether the more detailed information of high‐resolution manometry (HRM) can discriminate GERD patients. Therefore, we aimed to determine to which extent HRM findings can predict GERD.MethodsHRM measurements in 69 patients with GERD and 40 healthy subjects were compared and the predictive value of HRM for the diagnosis of GERD was explored.Key ResultsGERD patients had a significantly lower contraction amplitude (55 vs 64 mmHg; p = 0.045) and basal LES pressure (10 vs 13.2 mmHg; p = 0.034) than healthy controls. GERD patients more often had a hiatal hernia than healthy subjects (30% vs 7%; p = 0.005). Patients with reflux esophagitis had a lower DCI than patients without reflux esophagitis (558 vs 782 mmHg cm s; p = 0.045). No significant difference was seen in contractile front velocity, distal latency, number of peristaltic breaks, residual LES pressure and LES length. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, both esophagogastric junction type I (OR 4.971; 95% CI 1.33–18.59; p = 0.017) and mean wave amplitude (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90–0.98; p = 0.013) were found to be independent predictors of GERD. However, the sensitivity and specificity of these findings were low.Conclusions & InferencesHiatal hernia, low contraction amplitude and LES pressure are associated with GERD, but do not predict the disease with sufficient accuracy. Routine esophageal HRM can therefore not be used to distinguish GERD patients from healthy subjects.
ASSESSING UNCERTAINTY IN A MULTISPECIES AGE‐STRUCTURED ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK: THE EFFECTS OF DATA LIMITATIONS AND MODEL ASSUMPTIONS
Authors: VAN KIRK KRAY F. , QUINN TERRANCE J. , COLLIE JEREMY S. , A'MAR Z. T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPerformance of a multispecies age‐structured assessment (MSASA) model in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) relative to changes in data and model assumptions was examined through simulation exercises. Species included arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), and Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). Age‐specific predation mortality was estimated as a flexible function of predator and prey abundances and fitted to diet data. Simulated data sets were constructed by applying random error to estimates of catch, survey, and diet data from an operating model, whose structure was identical to that of the estimating model. Simulations explored the effects of data variability, mismatched assumptions regarding model structure, and lack of diet data on model performance. Model misspecification and uninformative diet data had the greatest influence on model performance. Given the current emphasis on the development of ecosystem‐based models and management, prioritizing the rigorous sampling of diet data would best facilitate the development of predation models useful to management agencies.