bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RDMS: Reverse distillation with multiple students of different scales for anomaly detection
Authors: Chen Ziheng , Lyu Chenzhi , Zhang Lei , Li ShaoKang , Xia Bin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnsupervised anomaly detection, often approached as a one‐class classification problem, is a critical task in computer vision. Knowledge distillation has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing anomaly detection accuracy, especially with the advent of reverse distillation networks that employ encoder–decoder architectures. This study introduces a novel reverse knowledge distillation framework known as RDMS, which incorporates a pretrained teacher encoding module, a multi‐level feature fusion connection module, and a student decoding module consisting of three independent decoders. RDMS is designed to distill distinct features from the teacher encoder, mitigating overfitting issues associated with similar or identical teacher–student structures. The model achieves an average of 99.3 image‐level AUROC and 98.34 pixel‐level AUROC on the MVTec‐AD dataset and demonstrates state‐of‐the‐art performance on the more challenging BTAD dataset. The RDMS model's high accuracy in anomaly detection and localization underscores the potential of multi‐student reverse distillation to advance unsupervised anomaly detection capabilities. The source code is available at https://github.com/zihengchen777/RDMS
Adaptive and dynamic smart traffic light system for efficient management of regular and emergency vehicles at city intersection
Authors: Zerroug Rafik , Aliouat Zibouda , Aliouat Makhlouf , Alti Adel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSmart Traffic Light Systems play an important role in urban traffic management. They often rely on cameras and sensors to collect traffic data. However, these methods are limited in terms of vehicle occupancy and queuing. Effective traffic management remains a challenge in urban areas owing to traffic congestion and emergencies. A new system called ADSTLS (Adaptive and Dynamic Smart Traffic Light System) is proposed, which handles traffic management at an intersection and effectively solves the cumbersome problem of traffic congestion while ensuring priority for emergency vehicles. ADSTLS provides fault tolerance to its components and works reliably in most failure situations. Therefore, traffic data is collected from cameras, and useful traffic information is extracted using computer vision and image processing. The proposed system also uses the Weight Chicken Swarm Optimisation algorithm for decision‐making to reduce congestion and average vehicle waiting time significantly. ADSTLS was applied to a real case study of EL‐Hidhab Setif city intersection. The approach's effectiveness was confirmed by thorough experiments, resulting in a noteworthy decrease in the average vehicle waiting time (31 s) and queue occupation rate (33.82%) across all simulated traffic scenarios. Furthermore, compared to other car types, emergency vehicles usually had much shorter wait times.
How did consumers retail purchasing expectations and behaviour switch due to the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Dabija Dan-Cristian , Câmpian Veronica , Philipp Bernd , Grant David B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe implemented research investigates the switch in consumer expectations and purchasing. The COVID-19 pandemic may have been the cause for a switch in consumer expectations and behaviour with respect to in-store versus online grocery purchases. If consumers preferred to shop almost exclusively in physical stores before pandemic-imposed restrictions, many consumers may have changed their preferences, expectations and consumer purchasing behaviour due to sanitary restrictions, social distancing, pandemic-induced fear, certainty when shopping and reduced peer interactions. The implemented research investigates the switch in consumer expectations and purchasing behaviour after the pandemic in terms of how customers decide to buy groceries in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the extant literature, a conceptual model is proposed, and a quantitative survey of Romanian consumers analysed using Smart PLS structural equation modelling. The findings indicate that switching behaviour exerted a significant influence on consumer purchasing behaviour after the pandemic but did not determine it. From a theoretical standpoint, this study expands the understanding and application of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). From a managerial standpoint, this study offers managers a clearer picture of consumer purchasing behaviour, and the extent of altered consumer purchasing behaviour as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Pandemic-related research issues as addressed by the authors do not have a long-standing tradition within our management discipline, and the same observation is true regarding the phased levels of our investigation, i.e., before, during and after (the COVID-19 crisis) as performed in our study. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first attempt to use a switch concept related to COVID-19 and consumer purchasing behaviour in retail. When elaborating our research model, the main challenges included the necessity to blend traditional retail and SCM literature streams. Indeed, logistics academia traditionally focuses on B2B settings, whereas our research reflects a consumer-centric approach.
What Is an Award?
Authors: Titi Catharine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter gives an overview of what an investment award is and what it is not. In the context of arbitration under the auspices of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), the chapter considers the different function of ‘awards’ and pre-award ‘decisions’. By the same token, it draws the distinction between awards rendered in ICSID and in non-ICSID arbitration. Next, the chapter enquires into the drafting of investment awards, focusing on their minimum content, notably form and substantive requirements, and their structure, thus providing a basic checklist and a roadmap for award drafting. That part of the chapter pays close attention to a particular question, that of the power of tribunals to award interest as part of their mandate. Finally, the chapter discusses the effects of an award, and in particular its binding character and res iudicata effect, and the recognition and enforcement obligations it carries.
The Award on Jurisdiction and Merits
Authors: Sacerdoti Giorgio , de Stefano Carlo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter illustrates the basic features of awards and decisions on jurisdiction and awards on the merits in international investment disputes, highlighting the fundamental distinction between ICSID and non-ICSID proceedings. Recent cases reveal an unprecedented practice concerning the bifurcation of proceedings and clarify the scope and extent of the reconsideration of awards and decisions in ICSID arbitration. Consolidated practice has established that ICSID decisions on jurisdiction do not constitute res judicata and do not benefit from the effect of finality that is peculiarly applicable to (final) awards pursuant to Article 53 of the Washington Convention. This contribution confirms a persisting dichotomy between ICSID and non-ICSID proceedings and the ensuing awards and argues that the applicable procedural regime depends on states as parties to international investment treaties and, even more, claimant investors when initiating arbitration proceedings.
The Relevance of the Facts in Complex Investor-State Arbitration Proceedings
Authors: Baltag Crina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With limited literature addressing the relevance of facts, as opposed to legal questions, this chapter addresses the current investment arbitration case law, including at the stage of the annulment of arbitral awards. One of the findings of the research emphasizes that ascertaining the facts of the case is even more important where a number of cases arise out of the same or similar conduct of the host state of the investment, such as in the cases against Argentina and, more recently, Spain. At the annulment stage of the arbitral awards, the facts of the case can become relevant in the context of Article 52(1)(e) of the ICSID Convention, if the award has failed to state the reasons on which it is based.
Recognition and Enforcement of Non-ICSID Convention Awards
Authors: Cordero-Moss Giuditta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A large part of investment disputes is decided under procedural rules that are originally designed for commercial arbitration. Awards rendered in these disputes will be enforced under the New York Convention like any commercial awards. This chapter gives an overview of selected issues that may arise in connection with enforcement and may be relevant to investment arbitration: the law applicable by the enforcement court on the legal capacity of the parties, on the validity of the arbitration agreement, and on public policy; the scope and intensity of court control, particularly concerning jurisdiction, public policy and arbitrability; the relevance of incidental questions to the tribunal’s jurisdiction, particularly regarding issues of corruption; the relevance of incidental questions to arbitrability, particularly regarding intra-EU disputes.
The Future of Religious Freedom
Authors: Breskaya Olga , Giordan Giuseppe , Richardson James T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter questions the prospects of religious freedom, arguing that the differences between and within societies may be fruitfully considered in terms of the future of religious freedom and possibilities of free expression of one’s religious and nonreligious views. Religious freedom tests the core principles of liberal democracy, the autonomy of public institutions and sustainable development goals. The chapter delves into mechanisms of social implementation of the principles of religious freedoms with an example taken from a public school setting by considering the recent ruling of the Coppoli case in Italy. While establishing a norm of no mandatory posting of the religious symbol of the crucifix in public school classrooms, this case shows how incorporation of normative principles goes hand in hand with the promotion of cultural awareness and spiritual sensibilities, emphasizing the importance of one’s identity and inclusion within institutional settings.
Christianity as a Re-educational Program
Authors: Hardy Jeffrey S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks at the waning years of the Soviet Gulag under Mikhail Gorbachev. As part of his reforms to revitalize the USSR, Gorbachev released most political and religious prisoners. Then, in a stark rejection of decades of penal policy, Gulag authorities began to promote Christianity as a tool to “re-educate” the common criminals inhabiting the late Soviet penal system. Priests, pastors, youth groups, and even foreign missionaries visited with inmates, distributed Bibles, sang hymns, heard confessions, administered communion, and even performed Christian weddings. Thus, even before the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, a dramatic shift in the operating philosophy of the Gulag had begun to take shape, with Christianity replacing Marxism-Leninism as the moral philosophy undergirding policies of re-education.
The Significance Impulse
Authors: Glasgow Joshua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhy should we strive to be important? Does it make our lives go better if we are especially significant? This book argues that the common impulse to seek exceptionally high levels of significance is misguided. One reason why is that we cannot reach cosmic significance. We do not have the size, duration, or power that would allow us to be that important. Even the value that we do contribute to the universe, our loving and rationality and pain and pleasure, are in short supply. So our significance has built-in limitations. What is more, being exceptionally significant would not be to our personal benefit: it does not advance our well-being, our meaning in life, or any other of our interests. In fact, we have ample reason to embrace our modest levels of mattering: if we do not matter very much, then we are liberated to go about our lives without worry, to the same extent. We should thus feel good about our unexceptional lives. This book is a celebration of being ordinary.
The Sage’s Argument
Authors: Glasgow Joshua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe are cosmically insignificant: compared to the rest of the universe, we are small, short-lived, and weak. Some oppose this line of thought on the grounds that there is no cosmic perspective. But it just requires unimportance on a certain scale of comparison; it does not require its own perspective. Others oppose our cosmic significance by denying that size, duration, and power can affect our value, but it is argued here that these things can indeed affect our value. Another line of opposition is to say that we are the only ones with certain important qualities, like loving or rationality. But we are limited in those qualities, too. Finally, any postulation that we have some god-given purpose must first establish that we really do have that god-given purpose and then also explain how that doesn’t reduce our significance by making us an instrument of that god and removing our autonomy.
Refining Liposuction Safety and Efficacy: Surgeon Learning-Curve Analysis With Helium-Based Plasma Integration
Authors: Ruff Paul G , Martinez Allison , Burpee Nicholas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The introduction of medical advancements requires ongoing critical evaluation of clinical practice and patient outcomes to improve results and safety. Since the development of minimally invasive, energy-based devices, this process has been occurring throughout the field of aesthetic medicine.

Objectives
To collect retrospective procedure and safety data of liposuction procedures with or without adjunct utilization of a helium-based plasma device, compare 3 groups, and delineate the learning curve.

Methods
A retrospective chart review at a single site included healthy patients ≥18 years of age treated by the principal investigator (PI). A total of 50 patients had an ultrasonic-assisted liposuction procedure, 50 patients had a liposuction procedure with the utilization of the helium-based plasma device, and 50 of the PI's most recent patients had a liposuction procedure with the utilization of the helium-based plasma device. All patients had at least 6 months of documented postoperative follow-up care.

Results
Totally, 150 patients were enrolled in the study. Most patients had multiple body areas treated, primarily hips and abdomen. Treatment settings varied, with significant relationships found between pain and treatment groups (P = .013). No serious or unexpected adverse events (AEs) were reported, and all AE resolved before the final follow-up.

Conclusions
The data collected support that patient outcomes and safety improve with continued use of the helium-based plasma device by the PI. The data also support the use of a helium-based plasma device as safe when used in combination with liposuction procedures.

Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)
An Ensemble Spectral Prediction (ESP) model for metabolite annotation
Authors: Li Xinmeng , Zhou Chen Yan , Kalia Apurva , Zhu Hao , Liu Li-ping , Hassoun Soha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Motivation
A key challenge in metabolomics is annotating measured spectra from a biological sample with chemical identities. Currently, only a small fraction of measurements can be assigned identities. Two complementary computational approaches have emerged to address the annotation problem: mapping candidate molecules to spectra, and mapping query spectra to molecular candidates. In essence, the candidate molecule with the spectrum that best explains the query spectrum is recommended as the target molecule. Despite candidate ranking being fundamental in both approaches, limited prior works incorporated rank learning tasks in determining the target molecule.

Results
We propose a novel machine learning model, Ensemble Spectral Prediction (ESP), for metabolite annotation. ESP takes advantage of prior neural network-based annotation models that utilize multilayer perceptron (MLP) networks and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Based on the ranking results of the MLP- and GNN-based models, ESP learns a weighting for the outputs of MLP and GNN spectral predictors to generate a spectral prediction for a query molecule. Importantly, training data is stratified by molecular formula to provide candidate sets during model training. Further, baseline MLP and GNN models are enhanced by considering peak dependencies through label mixing and multi-tasking on spectral topic distributions. When trained on the NIST 2020 dataset and evaluated on the relevant candidate sets from PubChem, ESP improves average rank by 23.7% and 37.2% over the MLP and GNN baselines, respectively, demonstrating performance gain over state-of-the-art neural network approaches. However, MLP approaches remain strong contenders when considering top five ranks. Importantly, we show that annotation performance is dependent on the training dataset, the number of molecules in the candidate set and candidate similarity to the target molecule.

Availability and implementation
The ESP code, a trained model, and a Jupyter notebook that guide users on using the ESP tool is available at https://github.com/HassounLab/ESP.
Pandagma: a tool for identifying pan-gene sets and gene families at desired evolutionary depths and accommodating whole-genome duplications
Authors: Cannon Steven B , Lee Hyun-Oh , Weeks Nathan T , Berendzen Joel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Summary
Identification of allelic or corresponding genes (pan-genes) within a species or genus is important for discovery of biologically significant genetic conservation and variation. Similarly, identification of orthologs (gene families) across wider evolutionary distances is important for understanding the genetic basis for similar or differing traits. Especially in plants, several complications make identification of pan-genes and gene families challenging, including whole-genome duplications, evolutionary rate differences among lineages, and varying qualities of assemblies and annotations. Here, we document and distribute a set of workflows that we have used to address these problems.

Results
Pandagma is a set of configurable workflows for identifying and comparing pan-gene sets and gene families for annotation sets from eukaryotic genomes, using a combination of homology, synteny, and expected rates of synonymous change in coding sequence.

Availability and implementation
The Pandagma workflows, example configurations, implementation details, and scripts for retrieving public datasets, are available at https://github.com/legumeinfo/pandagma
Eliater: a Python package for estimating outcomes of perturbations in biomolecular networks
Authors: Mohammad-Taheri Sara , Navada Pruthvi Prakash , Hoyt Charles Tapley , Zucker Jeremy , Sachs Karen , Gyori Benjamin M , Vitek Olga 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Summary
We introduce Eliater, a Python package for estimating the effect of perturbation of an upstream molecule on a downstream molecule in a biomolecular network. The estimation takes as input a biomolecular network, observational biomolecular data, and a perturbation of interest, and outputs an estimated quantitative effect of the perturbation. We showcase the functionalities of Eliater in a case study of Escherichia coli transcriptional regulatory network.

Availability and implementation
The code, the documentation, and several case studies are available open source at https://github.com/y0-causal-inference/eliater.
Advanced glycation end products promote the progression of endometrial cancer via activating the RAGE/CHKA/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Shu Wan , Hua Teng , Xin Xiaoyan , Zhang Jun , Lin Jing , Shi Rui , Zhao Rong , Zhang Wei , Dong Ke-jun , Wang Hongbo , Zhou Xing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor that is closely associated with metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are complex polymers formed by the reaction of reducing sugars with the amino groups of biomacromolecules, mediating the occurrence and development of many chronic metabolic diseases. Recent research has demonstrated that the accumulation of AGEs can affect the tumor microenvironment, metabolism, and signaling pathways, thereby affecting the malignant progression of tumors. However, the mechanism by which AGEs affect EC is unclear. Our research aimed to investigate how AGEs promote the development of EC through metabolic pathways and to explore their potential underlying mechanisms. Our experimental results demonstrated that AGEs upregulated the choline metabolism mediated by choline kinase alpha (CHKA) through the receptor for advanced glycation end products, activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and enhancing the malignant biological behavior of EC cells. Virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation revealed that timosaponin A3 could target CHKA to inhibit AGE-induced progression of EC and that a newly discovered CHKA inhibitor could be a novel targeted inhibitor for the treatment of EC. This study provides new therapeutic strategies and contributes to the treatment of EC.
Quantum chemical analysis and biochemical evaluation of the inhibitory activity of puerarin on CYP1B1 enzyme
Authors: Li Xue , Lu Jinyue , Yang Lianrong , Tian Yuan , Jia Liwei , Meng Xin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The inhibitory activity of puerarin on the CYP1B1 enzyme was evaluated by the 7-ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylation method. At the same time, the density functional theory algorithm, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations were used to verify the stability of the puerarin–CYP1B1 complex. It has been found that puerarin is a potent uncompetitive inhibitor of CYP1B1 (IC50: 1.06 ± 0.15 μM).
Isochalcogenourea-catalyzed asymmetric (4 + 2)-heterocycloadditions of allenoates
Authors: Waser Mario 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Allenoates are versatile reagents that can be used for numerous (formal) cycloaddition reactions under (chiral) Lewis base catalysis. Most commonly, the catalysts of choice are phosphines, amines, and N-heterocyclic carbenes. We have recently established the use of readily available chiral isochalcogenoureas as catalysts for asymmetric (4 + 2)-heterocycloadditions of allenoates with various vinylogous acceptors. This represents a complementary approach for allenoate activation and gives access to various highly functionalized chiral dihydropyrans with good to excellent enantioselectivities and diastereoselectivities.
A fluorescent complex with peptide nucleic acids modified by boronic acid and its ligand detects target RNA in cells
Authors: Ishii Koki , Hattori Yoshihide , Shigeto Hajime , Yamamura Shohei , Kitamatsu Mizuki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We have developed peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) modified with boronic acid (Boa) and its ligand 2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenol (Pyp) as a probe for fluorescence detection of a target nucleic acid. Boa and Pyp successfully showed fluorescence by complexing via hybridization with PNA and the target. This fluorescent PNA probe also successfully responded to the target RNA in cells.