bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of BRM expression is a frequently observed event in poorly differentiated clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Xia Qiu‐yuan , Rao Qiu , Cheng Liang , Shen Qin , Shi Shan‐shan , Li Li , Liu Biao , Zhang Jin , Wang Yan‐fen , Shi Qun‐li , Wang Jian‐dong , Ma Heng‐hui , Lu Zhen‐feng , Yu Bo , Zhang Ru‐song , Zhou Xiao‐jun 
Published: November 2013

AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the status of Brahma (BRM), a key SWI/SNF complex subunit, in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), and to analyse the histopathology, immunophenotype, molecular features and prognosis of the BRM‐negative cases.Methods and resultsWe identified 19 cases of grade 4 tumours lacking BRM expression among 625 clear cell RCCs. All 19 cases exhibited features of poor differentiation: 13 showed pure poorly differentiated morphology, while six were composite tumours with an admixed typical low‐grade component. Besides negative BRM expression, the immunophenotype of these cases was similar to clear cell RCC. VHL gene mutations were identified in nine of the 19 patients (47%). Chromosome 3p deletion was detected in 11 of 13 poorly differentiated RCCs and both areas of five of five composite tumours. All poorly differentiated tumour areas showed polysomy of chromosome 3. No losses or gains of chromosome 3 were observed in low‐grade tumour areas of five of five composite RCCs.ConclusionsWe have shown that loss of BRM expression is a common feature among poorly differentiated tumours in clear cell RCCs. We hypothesize that loss of BRM expression is involved in tumor de‐differentiation in clear cell RCCs and may play an important role during tumour progression.
Viscous and thermal behaviour of vitamin A and iron‐fortified reconstituted rice
Authors: Hussain Syed Zameer , Singh Baljit , Naik Haroon Rashid 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe viscous and thermal behaviour of five types of micronutrient‐fortified reconstituted rice premixes extruded at pre‐optimised extrusion conditions (36% moisture content, 150 rpm screw speed and 89 °C barrel temperature) have been investigated using rapid visco analyser (RVA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The highest peak viscosity (1279 cP), lowest gelatinised starch percentage (16.32) and highest enthalpy of gelatinisation (8.2 J g−1) were recorded in rice premix fortified with retinyl palmitate and micronised ferric pyrophosphate. The scanning electron microscopic analysis (SEM) also revealed that reconstituted rice premix fortified with iron (micronised ferric pyrophosphate) and retinyl palmitate was in closer resemblance to that of natural rice than any other reconstituted rice premix. The work demonstrated that vitamin A‐ and iron‐fortified reconstituted rice with meso/micro structure and pasting behaviour close to that of natural rice can be produced using retinyl palmitate and micronised ferric pyrophosphate as vitamin A and iron source, respectively.
Predicting land use voting behavior: expanding our understanding of the influence of attitudes and social norms
Authors: Maloney Erin K. , Lapinski Maria K. , Neuberger Lindsay 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVoting to tax oneself in the current economic climate seems improbable. Framed in theories of normative influence and behavior change, this study tests the factors that predict voting for a county‐level millage (i.e., tax) to fund land preservation. Behavioral beliefs that contribute to people's attitudes toward the millage are identified and a model is tested with an expanded normative component. Results indicate that attitudes and subjective norms significantly predict voting intentions, and injunctive norms (i.e., people's perceptions of others' approval of taking an action) add significantly to the model's predictive power. Findings are reinforced by election results in which the millage proposal passed and can contribute to the applied literature by identifying social‐psychological factors that can be targeted with campaign messages.
Extending the expanded model of organizational identification to occupations
Authors: Ashforth Blake E. , Joshi Mahendra , Anand Vikas , O'Leary‐Kelly Anne M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe extend Kreiner and Ashforth's (2004) research on the expanded model of organizational identification to the occupational level of self. A survey of 251 customer service representatives from an Indian call center indicates that occupational identification, occupational disidentification, ambivalent occupational identification, and neutral occupational identification are empirically differentiable. Further, each form of identification in the expanded model was related to certain predictors from a set of ten situational and individual difference variables, and to certain outcomes from a set of five adjustment variables. The differing patterns of antecedents and outcomes for each form of occupational identification suggest that each form constitutes a relatively unique phenomenon.
Neotropical diversification seen through glassfrogs
Authors: Castroviejo‐Fisher Santiago , Guayasamin Juan M. , Gonzalez‐Voyer Alejandro , Vilà Carles 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimWe used frogs of the clade Allocentroleniae (Centrolenidae + Allophrynidae; c. 170 species endemic to Neotropical rain forests) as a model system to address the historical biogeography and diversification of Neotropical rain forest biotas.LocationNeotropical rain forests.MethodsWe used an extensive taxon (109 species) and gene (seven nuclear and three mitochondrial genes) sampling to estimate phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, ancestral area distributions, dispersal–vicariance events, and the temporal pattern of diversification rate.ResultsThe Allocentroleniae started to diversify in the Eocene in South America and by the early Miocene were present in all major Neotropical rain forests except in Central America, which was colonized through 11 late range expansions. The initial uplifts of the Andes during the Oligocene and early Miocene, as well as marine incursions in the lowlands, are coincidental with our estimates of the divergence times of most clades of Allocentroleniae. Clades with broad elevational distributions occupy more biogeographical areas. Most dispersals involve the Andes as a source area but the majority were between the Central and the Northern Andes, suggesting that the Andes did not play a major role as a species pump for the lowlands. The diversification of glassfrogs does not follow a south‐to‐north pattern of speciation for Andean clades, and the establishment of a transcontinental Amazon drainage system is coincidental in time with the isolation of the Atlantic Forest glassfrogs. Diversification analyses indicated that a model of constantly increasing diversity best fits the data, compatible with the ‘evolutionary museum’ hypothesis or ‘ancient cradle’ hypothesis.Main conclusionsOur work illustrates how the different geological and climatic historical events of the Neotropics shaped, at different levels of the phylogeny, the diversity of a species‐rich clade, highlighting the importance of studying large evolutionary radiations at a continental scale.
The importance of biotic interactions in species distribution models: a test of the Eltonian noise hypothesis using parrots
Authors: de Araújo Carlos B. , Marcondes‐Machado Luiz Octavio , Costa Gabriel C. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAimTo test the Eltonian noise hypothesis (ENH), that biotic interactions do not affect species distributions at large geographical scales.LocationThe Brazilian cerrado, a central South American savanna and biodiversity hotspot.MethodsWe modelled the distributions of 11 species of cerrado parrots using the software Maxent at four different spatial resolutions. We built models using abiotic variables, biotic variables (distribution of diet resources) and models combining abiotic and biotic variables. We compared model performance using the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC), retrieved from test data. We partitioned the variance between sets of predictors using a generalized linear model (GLM). Finally, we evaluated whether improvement in model performance (higher AUC values) in models with both abiotic and biotic variables, was related to the species' dietary niche breadth and/or spatial resolution of the models.ResultsWe found that model performance was improved in most cases by the addition of biotic variables. Our variance‐partitioning approach revealed that abiotic and biotic variables contribute independently to the final model. We found no relationship between model improvement and spatial resolution. We also found no relationship between dietary niche breadth and model improvement, indicating that dietary generalist and specialist species were not differently affected by the inclusion of biotic variables in the models.Main conclusionsOur results did not support the ENH. In this study, we explicitly incorporated a biotic variable (diet resource distribution) into species distribution models (SDMs), and we showed that these variables generally improve models and have independent contributions. These results agree with previous studies that incorporated biotic variables into SDMs. Ultimately, our results indicate that SDMs performed with abiotic variables only may depict only a partial representation of the geographical distribution of a species.
Global patterns of phylogenetic beta diversity components in bats
Authors: Peixoto Franciele P. , Braga Pedro Henrique P. , Cianciaruso Marcus Vinicius , Diniz‐Filho José Alexandre F. , Brito Daniel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate global patterns of phylogenetic beta diversity (phylobetadiversity, PBD) components in bats (Chiroptera), testing whether the strong dispersal barriers among realms led to lineage differentiation between them and whether the flight capability of the study group created distance‐decay patterns in PBD, with lower turnover rates between the closest biogeographical regions.LocationGlobal, delimited by biogeographical regions.MethodsUsing the global distribution of bats and a supertree available for most species, we calculated PBD using the complement of the PhyloSor index. In addition, to distinguish the relative roles of local (e.g. lineage filtering) and regional processes (e.g. speciation) in shaping broad‐scale patterns of PBD, we partitioned PBD into two components: the turnover component (PBDTurn) and the phylogenetic diversity (PD) component (PBDPD). We used a null model to test whether assemblages were more or less phylogenetically dissimilar than expected by chance. We also performed a Mantel analysis to analyse the distance‐decay patterns of PBD and its two components.ResultsThe most striking difference in PBD was found between the Old World and the New World. In general, the PBD pattern was determined by PBDTurn. For some adjacent regions we noticed the PBDPD component was more important, indicating that the dissimilarity was mostly due to differences in phylogenetic diversity. On the other hand, for other adjacent regions, the observed PBDTurn was higher than expected by chance and the PBDPD was lower. This demonstrates that, although these regions are relatively close in space, there are other factors driving phylogenetic differences between them (i.e. ecological factors).Main conclusionsOur results suggest that at broad scales, the PBD of bats is determined by PBDTurn. We postulate that the flight ability of bats led to low turnover rates between adjacent regions in the absence of other factors that can drive differences between them (e.g. strong environmental barriers).
Efforts to secure universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment: a comparison of BRICS countries
Authors: Sun Jing , Boing Alexandra Crispim , Silveira Marysabel PT , Bertoldi Andréa D , Ziganshina Liliya E , Khaziakhmetova Veronica N , Khamidulina Rashida M , Chokshi Maulik R , McGee Shelley , Suleman Fatima 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article illustrates how the BRICS countries have been building their focused leadership, making important high level commitment and national policy changes, and improving their health systems, in addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemics in respective settings. Specific aspects are focused on efforts of creating public provisions to secure universal access to ARVs from the aspects of active responsive system and national program, health system strengthening, fostering local production of ARVs, supply chain management, and information system strengthening. Challenges in each BRICS country are analyzed respectively. The most important contributors to the success of response to HIV/AIDS include: creating legal basis for healthcare as a fundamental human right; political commitment to necessary funding for universal access and concrete actions to secure equal quality care; comprehensive system to secure demands that all people in need are capable of accessing prevention, treatment and care; active community involvement; decentralization of the management system considering the local settings; integration of treatment and prevention; taking horizontal approach to strengthen health systems; fully use of the TRIPS flexibility; and regular monitoring and evaluation to serve evidence based decision making.
Automatic detection and analysis of cell motility in phase‐contrast time‐lapse images using a combination of maximally stable extremal regions and Kalman filter approaches
Authors: KAAKINEN M. , HUTTUNEN S. , PAAVOLAINEN L. , MARJOMÄKI V. , HEIKKILÄ J. , EKLUND L. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryPhase‐contrast illumination is simple and most commonly used microscopic method to observe nonstained living cells. Automatic cell segmentation and motion analysis provide tools to analyze single cell motility in large cell populations. However, the challenge is to find a sophisticated method that is sufficiently accurate to generate reliable results, robust to function under the wide range of illumination conditions encountered in phase‐contrast microscopy, and also computationally light for efficient analysis of large number of cells and image frames. To develop better automatic tools for analysis of low magnification phase‐contrast images in time‐lapse cell migration movies, we investigated the performance of cell segmentation method that is based on the intrinsic properties of maximally stable extremal regions (MSER). MSER was found to be reliable and effective in a wide range of experimental conditions. When compared to the commonly used segmentation approaches, MSER required negligible preoptimization steps thus dramatically reducing the computation time. To analyze cell migration characteristics in time‐lapse movies, the MSER‐based automatic cell detection was accompanied by a Kalman filter multiobject tracker that efficiently tracked individual cells even in confluent cell populations. This allowed quantitative cell motion analysis resulting in accurate measurements of the migration magnitude and direction of individual cells, as well as characteristics of collective migration of cell groups. Our results demonstrate that MSER accompanied by temporal data association is a powerful tool for accurate and reliable analysis of the dynamic behaviour of cells in phase‐contrast image sequences. These techniques tolerate varying and nonoptimal imaging conditions and due to their relatively light computational requirements they should help to resolve problems in computationally demanding and often time‐consuming large‐scale dynamical analysis of cultured cells.
Roles for Primary Cilia in Gonadotrophin‐Releasing Hormone Neurones in the Mouse
Authors: Shin J. , Prescott M. , Mair J. , Campbell R. E. 
Published: November 2013

During embryonic development, gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones make an extraordinary migration out of the nose and into the brain where, in adulthood, they drive the pituitary regulation of gonadal function and fertility. Primary cilia are antennae‐like, immotile organelles that project from the surface of nearly all cells, including GnRH neurones. Links between defects in primary cilia and a variety of human pathologies have been discovered that suggest a role for primary cilia in embryogenesis and reproductive function. The present study aimed to investigate whether GnRH neurone primary cilia are critical for their embryonic migration and the adult control of fertility. To achieve this, we used a Cre‐loxP strategy to selectively disrupt primary cilia by deleting Kif3a, an intraflagellar transport protein family member essential for primary cilia assembly and function, specifically in GnRH neurones. Confocal analysis revealed that, in Kif3afl/fl (WT‐Kif3a) controls, all GnRH neurones possessed primary cilia, whereas, in GnRH‐Cre+/−;Kif3afl/fl (GnRH‐Kif3aKO) mice, 60% of GnRH neurones lacked any evidence of primary cilia and the remaining 40% possessed only stunted primary cilia (< 2 μm). Despite abolishing normal primary cilia assembly in GnRH neurones from embryogenesis, adult GnRH neurone distribution and reproductive function was remarkably normal. The total number of GnRH neurones was the same in GnRH‐Kif3aKO and WT‐Kif3a controls; however, a significant increase (25%) was identified in the number of GnRH neurones sampled through the midpoint of the rostral pre‐optic area in GnRH‐Kif3aKO mice (P < 0.05). The time to vaginal opening was not different in GnRH‐Kif3aKO mice, although they displayed significantly advanced first oestrus (P < 0.05), and oestrous cycle length was increased (P < 0.05). However, females displayed normal basal levels of luteinising hormone, responded normally to oestrogen‐induced negative‐ and positive‐feedback, and displayed normal fecundity. Taken together, these data suggest that primary cilia and associated signal transduction pathways play a role in the topographical distribution and specific functions of GnRH neurones; however, they are not essential for fertility.
Normal and indeterminate pattern of fetal cardiotocography in admission test and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Sharbaf Fatemeh Rahimi , Amjadi Nooshin , Alavi Azin , Akbari Soheila , Forghani Forough 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of normal and indeterminate patterns of cardiotocography in admission test (AT) and pregnancy outcome.Material and MethodsA prospective study enrolled 818 intrapartum singleton pregnancies with gestational age of >34 weeks, in the latent phase and with intact membrane. Cases were divided into the high‐ and low‐risk groups. Non‐Stress Test was interpreted according to the 2008 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development workshop. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared between groups based on AT interpretation.ResultsOut of 818 patients, 492 (60%) were categorized as low‐risk and 326 (40%) as high‐risk pregnancies. In low‐risk patients, 410 (83.3%) had normal and 82 (16.7%) had indeterminate AT. These figures were 249 (76.4%) and 77 (23.6%) in high‐risk patients, respectively, and two cases (0.6%) had abnormal AT. In both groups, thick meconium staining, non‐reassuring fetal heart rate pattern, cesarean section and cesarean section due to non‐reassuring fetal heart rate pattern were significantly more frequent in indeterminate AT than normal ones (P < 0.001). In high‐risk pregnancies with indeterminate AT, the risk of low birthweight and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission increased. The positive predictive value was less than 30% in predicting thick meconium staining, non‐reassuring fetal heart rate pattern, PH ≤ 7.2 and NICU admission in both groups. Overall, negative predictive value of AT for neonatal death and NICU admission was 100% and 96%, respectively.ConclusionsIndeterminate patterns of cardiotocography can predict adverse pregnancy outcomes and when facing this condition, obstetricians should act cautiously.
Update on sentinel node mapping in uterine cancer: 10‐year experience at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center
Authors: Abu‐Rustum Nadeem R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEndometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy. In the majority of patients, the disease will present at an early stage, without metastasis, and with an excellent prognosis. Although the rate of metastasis in patients with early stage endometrial cancer is low, the standard of treatment still includes a complete or selective pelvic and para‐aortic lymphadenectomy for staging. Many patients will undergo a comprehensive lymphadenectomy despite having disease confined to the uterus, resulting in detrimental side‐effects, including lower extremity lymphedema. Recent studies, such as ‘A Study in the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer’, have shown that there is no therapeutic benefit to a complete lymphadenectomy in early stage endometrial cancer, although further study is needed to confirm these findings. The use of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in endometrial cancer may provide an appropriate middle ground between the two schools of thought of complete lymphadenectomy versus no nodal evaluation. SLN mapping, which is gaining ever‐increasing acceptance in many cancer types, is based on the concept that lymph node metastasis is the result of an orderly process, that is, the lymph drains in a specific pattern away from the tumor, and therefore if the SLN, or first node, is negative for metastasis, then the nodes after the SLN should also be negative. We present here the Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center experience with SLN mapping in uterine cancer, a technique we first began using in 2003 and have improved over the years.
Role of subcutaneous closure in preventing wound complications after cesarean delivery with Pfannenstiel incision: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Corbacioglu Esmer Aytul , Cilesiz Goksedef Pinar , Akca Aysu , Akbayir Ozgur , Dagdeviren Hediye , Yanik Turan Gulden , Yarsilikal Filiz 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of suture closure of the subcutaneous tissue in preventing wound complications after cesarean section with a Pfannenstiel incision, and to investigate factors associated with wound complications.Material and MethodsPatients undergoing cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to either suture closure or non‐closure of the subcutaneous tissue. The participants were invited to two follow‐up examinations at the 1st and 4th postoperative weeks for the detection of wound complications. The two main outcomes were composite wound complication and superficial wound separation. Factors associated with wound complications were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.ResultsDuring the study period, a total of 361 patients (176 in the closure group, 185 in non‐closure group) were analyzed. Composite wound complication occurred in 23.3% (41/176) of the closure group, and in 20% (37/185) of the non‐closure group with no significant difference (P = 0.44). Wound separation occurred in 2.3% (4/176) of the closure group and 1.6% (3/185) of the non‐closure group without any significant differences (P = 0.64). None of the factors were found to be associated with the rate of composite complication. The significant factors found to be associated with wound separation were subcutaneous tissue thickness of 4 cm or more (P = 0.01) and maternal diabetes mellitus (P = 0.01), however they lost their significance in multivariate analyses.ConclusionThe rate of wound complications, including superficial wound separation, did not differ according to the subcutaneous closure in cesarean delivery with Pfannenstiel incision. It is not possible to predict wound complications using previously defined clinical and operative risk factors, including subcutaneous tissue thickness.