bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The investigation of the characteristics of inflammatory factors and cardiac enzymes in children with Covid-19 hospitalized with the initial manifestation of fever without other symptoms hazrat Ali-Asghar Hospital in Tehran in 2018–2019
Authors: Khosravi Shaqayeq , Dezfouli Seyedeh Mahsa Mahmoudinezhad , Nateghian Alireza , Khajoei Sanaz , Nabavi Seyed Salaheddin , Nasersaeid Mitra , Javid Asma , Hemmati Sahar 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The prevalence of asymptomatic fever among children is high and may be confused with fever caused by corona. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of inflammatory factors and cardiac enzymes in children with Covid-19 hospitalized with the initial manifestation of fever without other symptoms.

Methods:
In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, all 200 children with positive Covid-19 were hospitalized in Hazrat Ali-Asghar Hospital in Tehran between 2018 and 2019. For gathering data, clinical records and demographic information of patients were noted in the made-researcher’s checklist and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24

Results:
It was found that the relationship between the degrees of fever of the patients with the number of platelets was also inverse and significant. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the degree of fever of the patients and the LDH number, ALT number and segment and lymphocyte percentage of the patients. In addition, it was found that the passing time of fever has a significant relationship with ALT and ESR in such a way that with the passage of time, there is a higher probability of seeing an increase in ESR, but in the case of ALT, it increases in a shorter period of time and decreases more after the passage of time.

Conclusion:
According to the results of the present study, in case of suspected to Covid and fever in patients, along with other tests, AST, ALT, D-dimer, and CKMB can be used to diagnose Covid, in such a way that in Covid, AST is probably normal and mentioned other tests can be higher than normal.
Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents in urban and rural areas of Mysuru, South India
Authors: Prakash G. Hari , Kumar D. Sunil , Arun Vanishri , Hegde Saurish , Yadav Deepika , Gopi Arun 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Adolescence, a volatile period of growth between the ages of 10 and 19, is associated with increased vulnerability to mental health problems. Factors such as academic pressure can contribute to these challenges.

Objectives:
The current study aimed to evaluate the factors and prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents in the urban and rural areas of Mysuru district.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in private high schools in both urban and rural regions. Prior permission and informed consent were obtained from participants and their legal guardians aged 18 years and older.

Results:
The gender distribution in urban areas was 60.2% female and 39.8% male, while in rural areas, it was 51% male and 49% female. The prevalence of depression was higher in rural (39.3%) than in urban areas (24.2%), while anxiety was more prevalent in urban (50.6%) than in rural areas (49%). Stress was also more common in rural (16.6%) than urban adolescents (14.6%). Factors significantly associated with mental health outcomes included monthly family income, parenting practices, academic pressures, and self-esteem. Key needs identified were mobile mental health applications, online counseling services, and access to school counselors.

Conclusion:
This study provides insights into the prevalence and correlates of common mental health issues among adolescents in this region of South India. The findings emphasize the necessity of providing mobile applications and offline counseling services to effectively support and meet the needs of adolescents in these settings.
Awareness, knowledge and challenges faced by beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana with special reference to eyecare in three districts of Uttar Pradesh state: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sabherwal Shalinder , Sood Ishaana , Khurana Ashi , Chauhan Lokesh , Saini Shivani , Shroff Kamna , Majumdar Atanu 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTPurpose:The aim was to analyse the knowledge and awareness regarding Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) within the operational districts of two high-volume non-profit eye organisations in Uttar Pradesh. Challenges faced by beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries are also examined.Methods:A prospective cross-sectional survey from November 2021 to April 2022 was conducted across operational districts of organisations A and B. Cluster sampling was used to select participants in randomly selected villages with 200 or more households, within 10–15 km of existing vision centres. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect data. The means of AB-PMJAY indicators were estimated. Awareness was estimated as a summed score. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to check the effects of the socio-economic and socio-demographic factors on the awareness of AB-PMJAY for both organisations separately and together.Results:A total of 1151 participants were interviewed: 52.9% from the catchment area of organisation A and 47.1% from that of organisation B. From the catchment of organisations A and B, 82.6% and 22.9% participants, respectively, had heard of the scheme, mostly from family and friends. Whereas 43% interviewees from the catchment area of organisation A and 8.5% from that of organisation B had knowledge about at least one topic, only 8.5% and 2.8%, respectively, were knowledgeable about all topics. Village effect was found to be significant for most of the knowledge and awareness indicators in both catchments. Only 37.8% and 20.2% of the catchment from organisations A and B, respectively, were AB-PMJAY cardholders. Of the services availed, 50% were cataract surgery. Almost 40% of the applicants faced some challenges while securing the AB-PMJAY card and 9% while using the AB-PMJAY card. Family income was found to be the only common predictor of knowledge at both locations.Conclusion:Varied awareness and limited knowledge in catchment villages put the onus on community eyecare organisations to spread awareness in their catchment, which may increase the uptake and utilisation of the scheme.
Post-vaccine immune status surveillance of Covishield vaccine and associated AEFI in previously SARS-Cov-2 infected seropositive and seronegative population in Assam
Authors: Gogoi Gayatri , Gogoi Gourangie , Mahanta Bhupendra N. , Borkakoty Biswajyoti , Borpujari Porikhit , Ahmed Tanzil S. , Neog Rahul , Roy Sunia , Medhi Mithu 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
COVID-19 an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, started in late 2019 and became a pandemic within a short period. To respond to the pandemic vaccines like Covishield, Covaxin, Sputnik V, Covovax, etc., were developed rapidly. However, there were raising concerns about the development of immunity as well as adverse events following vaccination.

Objectives:
To compare anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titres at different time-points post-vaccination between baseline seropositive and seronegative groups and to assess the adverse events following the 1st dose of Covishield vaccine among adult beneficiaries attending vaccination centre in a tertiary care hospital of Upper Assam.

Materials and Methods:
Prospective Cohort study was conducted from July 2021 to June 2022 among adult beneficiaries receiving the Covishield vaccine. The oral questionnaire was used incorporating socio-demographic variables, and clinical profiles including co-morbidities and adverse events following vaccination. Data analysis was done by Microsoft Excel and SPSS

Results:
Out of a total of 146 study participants, IgG estimation showed 61% as seropositive and the rest as seronegative. A total of 55.40% had minor adverse events, majority of them were females (53.08%) and 88.80% belonged to 18–59 years compared to 11.11% above 60 years of age. The majority (71.60%) did not have any co-morbidities and the major AEFI was NIL among the study participants. The study group had 61% seropositive previously infected.

Conclusion:
Covishield vaccination induces an immune response and 90% seroconversion is achieved after 1st dose (booster dose). Antibody titres of the seropositive group by natural infection of SARS-CoV-2 were higher than seronegative cohort seroconverted by vaccination. The AEFI observed were minor and can be commented as safer.
Intravenous levetiracetam versus intravenous phenytoin as second Line treatment in pediatric convulsive status epilepticus- open label randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kartek Mamum , Kannan Abinaya , Anand Varun , Sahoo Manas R. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are recommended as the initial therapy of choice in status epilepticus (SE). The age-old second-line treatment for BZD refractory convulsive SE is intravenous phenytoin (PHT) based predominantly on nonrandomized clinical trial data. We did this study to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous levetiracetam (LEV) and PHT as second-line antiseizure medication (ASM) for children with SE.

Methodology:
A prospective, randomized controlled, open-label study was conducted in children 3 months to 15 years of age with SE in Pediatric Emergency. A total of 41 children were randomly allocated to either group 1 (Levetiracetam) or group 2 (Phenytoin) on the basis of computer-generated randomization. Children who were already on antiseizure medications, either LEV or PHT, or receiving these drugs outside for SE were excluded. Data analysis was done by SPSS V25

Results:
The most common age group presenting with SE was 12 months to 5 years. Clinical cessation of seizure 5 minutes after the completion of drugs was 85% (17/20) in Levetiracetam group and 90.5% (19/21) in Phenytoin group. Recurrence of seizure within 24 hours was noted in 35% (7/20) in Levetiracetam group and 38.1% (8/21) in Phenytoin group. There was no statistically significant difference noted in both the groups in terms of seizure cessation, adverse events, and recurrence.

Conclusion:
The efficacy and safety of LEV were found to be comparable to those of PHT in controlling seizure as second-line ASM in SE.
Prevalence of unintentional injuries and its risk factors among under-five children residing in urban poor resettlements in Rishikesh
Authors: Ajun UN , Sinha Smita , Saxena Vartika , Sriram Shyamkumar , Hariprasad  , Salam Ajmal 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
A community-based study on childhood injuries would provide valuable information on the epidemiology of injuries to undertake appropriate preventive measures. Therefore, the current study was conducted in urban poor resettlements of Rishikesh to estimate the prevalence of unintentional injuries and to document the sociodemographic risk factors associated with unintentional injuries among under-five children.

Aims and Objectives:
Estimation of the prevalence of unintentional injuries and their risk factors among under-five children of urban poor resettlements in Rishikesh.

Materials and Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in urban poor resettlement areas of Rishikesh for a period of 1 year. It included 300 children selected using a simple random sampling technique to collect data on injury status.

Results:
The prevalence of unintentional injury among study participants was 16%. Falls were (64.6%) the major cause of injury, followed by dog bites (12.5%). The major sites of the injury were the head (25%), face (22.9%), upper limb (27.1%), and lower limb (18.8%).75% of the injuries happened at home. 66% of injuries happened when the child was playing alone or playing with peers. About 20.8% of injuries were bruises or superficial injuries. 39.6% of children had cut/bite/open wound injuries. Fractures happened in 14.6% of injured children. More than half (54.2%) of children did not develop any physical disability due to injury. Among children who developed a disability, more than 90% are able to recover completely. The majority of study participants were taken to nearby hospitals (66.6%) or health centers (10.4%). Only one of them went to a traditional bone setter, rest all visited either a general practitioner or pharmacy. The median expenditure for the treatment of the injured child was INR 425 (175-2750). The age of the child and unintentional injury showed a statistically significant association.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of the injury was 16% (12–20.7%) similar to a number of similar studies. Although the majority of the injuries were mild in severity, injuries have also contributed to temporary disability among children and have led to loss of school days.
Handgrip strength, and erectile dysfunction among men with metabolic syndrome attending an institutional primary care clinic in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kadir Nik A. Nik Abdul , Abdul-Razak Suraya , Daher Aqil M. , Nasir Nafiza Mat 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an independent predictor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The prevalence increases with age, but little is known about the relationship between handgrip strength (HGS) and ED, especially among men with a high risk of CVD. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ED among men aged ≥40 years with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its association with HGS.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study at an institutional primary care clinic in Malaysia was conducted between June 2021 and October 2021. HGS and erectile function were assessed using a hand dynamometer and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and HGS with ED.

Results:
A total of 334 participants were recruited. The prevalence of ED was 79% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75-0.84). ED was associated with elderly aged ≥60 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.27, 95%CI: 1.60-6.69), low HGS (OR 15.34, 95%CI: 5.64-41.81) and high total cholesterol (OR 0.36, 95%CI: 0.16-0.78).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, age above 60 years and those with low HGS are at higher risk of ED. Thus, robust screening of ED among men with MetS and improving muscle strength and physical fitness may be warranted.
Comparative study of spirometry parameters in chronic smokers with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
Authors: Vaishnav Bhumika T. , Gangani Seherish K. , Anand Shubhangi , Pailla Ruchitha , Mondkar Saish 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The study aimed to know the changes in spirometry parameters in chronic smokers and evaluate how the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects their lung function.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was done for 12 months at a tertiary care hospital in the western region of Maharashtra State in India. Two groups of patients and one group of healthy volunteers aged 18 years or more were studied (with 50 in each group, n = 150). Group A consisted of smokers with T2DM, Group B- smokers without T2DM and Group 3- healthy controls who were non-smokers and non-diabetic. Spirometry was done for the following parameters: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) and results compared between the three groups.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 51.13 ± 10.74 years. There were 137 (91.3%) males and 13 (8.6%) females. Among the enrolled subjects, 66% had smoked for more than ten years. All spirometry parameters were significantly different across all three groups. When the spirometry parameters were compared between smokers with and without T2DM, all the parameters were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were significantly decreased in T2DM patients with HbA1c >7%.

Conclusion:
The presence of T2DM in smokers significantly affects their pulmonary function tests. Uncontrolled T2DM (HbA1c >7%) can result in increased abnormality in the spirometry parameters studied. Thus, adequate glycemic control and cessation of smoking can be beneficial for the improvement of lung functions in smokers.
Characterization and assessment of exposure risks of healthcare personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Das Arghya , Garg Rahul , Singh Ravindra , Banerjee Tuhina 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Healthcare personnel have the right to decent, healthy, and safe working conditions during COVID-19. Despite our best efforts to safeguard them against SARS-CoV-2 infection, a substantially large number of healthcare personnel fell ill and succumbed to COVID-19. This study aimed to characterize the SARS-CoV-2 exposures among healthcare personnel and determine the risk level of those events, thereby identifying and focusing on the key areas that influence workplace safety.

Materials and Methods:
A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data from healthcare personnel on the type of exposure, place, and use of preventive measures, along with demographic and occupational data. Exposure events were categorized into low, moderate, and high-risk by using a risk categorization protocol.

Results:
Doctors were primarily found to be involved in the aerosol-generating procedure, which had 94 times higher odds (95% CI: 43.9926–201.17) for high-risk exposures than other activities. In contrast, nurses were more likely to experience close-contact exposures (OR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.44–5.33). Both critical care units and operation theaters were identified to have higher odds (OR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.33–4.23 and OR: 2.31; 95% CI: 0.99–5.42, respectively) than the wards for high-risk exposures. Use of personal protective equipment was poor, with breaches reported in 10.2% of all exposure events. The lacunae in practice were addressed by repeated training and counseling and by ensuring the adequacy of resources in required areas.

Conclusions:
The assessment was beneficial for safeguarding healthcare personnel and assuring a safer workplace during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Public health preparedness, syndromic surveillance, and response during the largest religious gathering at the Catholic pilgrimage center of Velankanni in South India: 2016
Authors: Ponnaiah Manickam , Virumbi Viduthalai , Sharma Upasana , Muthappan Sendhilkumar , Parasuraman Ganeshkumar , Balasubramanian Premkumar , Venkatachalam Vijayalakshmi , Karumanagoundar Kolandaswamy 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The dynamicity and mobility of the population in a mass gathering setting pose a challenge to traditional disease surveillance methods and strain the local health services. Velankanni is one of the most sacred Christian pilgrimage places located in Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India. We participated in the Velankanni festival to describe the public health preparedness, surveillance, and response activities carried out during the festival.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study. We reviewed the national and international guidelines and published literature and discussed with the key stakeholders. We developed a checklist to observe public health preparedness activities. We facilitated the staff and monitored the activities by the implementers. We established the syndromic surveillance in the designated locations of the event and used tracker software to capture the data. Emergency medical teams were formed with trained health personnel to respond to medical emergencies.

Results:
The team monitored all the public health activities. There are 59 primary care public health facilities and nine ambulatory Mobile Medical Units, with 160 medical officers available at the site. Of the 16,169 persons who attended the medical camps, 9863 (61%) were males and 8408 (52%) were aged 15–44. Acute diarrheal disease was the most frequent of the reported syndromes, followed by injuries, acute febrile illness, and animal bites.

Conclusions:
There was no outbreak of any disease either identified or reported. Our findings suggest that risk assessments should be used, and establishing an Incident Command Center is vital for executing command and control mechanisms during mass gatherings.
Predictors of mortality in scrub typhus: A hospital-based study
Authors: Goyal Chandan , Ahmad Sohaib , Chauhan Rishabh , Tewatia Pavit 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Scrub typhus is a potentially life-threatening febrile illness associated with serious complications viz. pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hepatic failure, acute kidney injury, encephalitis, and shock often culminating in mortality. We aimed to identify the predictors of mortality in scrub typhus.

Methods:
This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital of the north Indian state of Uttarakhand on in-patients of scrub typhus hospitalized over 1 year

Results:
Of the 109 cases studied (54.1% males), 44% were aged <40 years. Fever (95.4%), loss of appetite (55.9%), myalgia (47.7%), pallor (40.3%), hepatomegaly (27.5%), eschar (17.4%), and splenomegaly (13.7%) were the main clinical features. Hepatic transaminitis (69.7%), renal insufficiency (44.0%), respiratory failure (37.6%), shock (33.9%), central nervous system (CNS) involvement (21.1%), and severe anemia (7.3%) were the major complications at presentations. Intensive care and mechanical ventilation were utilized in 33.9% and 15.5% of cases, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression suggested renal insufficiency, CNS involvement, shock, severe anemia, and mechanical ventilation independently associated with death.

Conclusion:
Respiratory failure, renal insufficiency and neurological involvement, mechanical ventilation, shock, and severe anemia at presentation predict mortality in scrub typhus.
Validity and reliability of the translated Marathi version of the 14-item health literacy scale
Authors: Patil Sanika S. , Deshpande Sonal R. , Patil Sonali S. , Deshmukh Maithili R. , Pande Bhanupriya S. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Various tools for measuring health literacy are designed to assess reading comprehension and numeracy in English speakers. There is a need to develop a tool in the vernacular language and estimate health literacy levels in Indian settings. The present study was conducted with the objectives to develop a Marathi version of a 14-item health literacy scale (HLS-14) to test the reliability and validity of its Marathi version and to estimate the health literacy among patients attending the out-patient department at a tertiary care centre.

Methodology:
The present study was conducted among 50 adult patients attending the out-patient department of a tertiary hospital from July 2022 to December 2022. The 14-Item Health Literacy Scale available in English was translated into Marathi and back-translated to English, and the final version was developed. Bilingual study subjects were asked to fill the scales on day 0 and on day 7. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for internal validity, and the correlation coefficient was calculated for the reliability of the tool and health literacy was estimated.

Results:
When items of the Health Literacy Scale were analysed, all the items barring 2, 6, and 10 gave an r-value of more than 0.70, which shows good reliability of each translated item. The Cronbach’s alpha value found for the current translated Marathi questionnaire is 0.66. Internal consistency is good. The mean total health literacy score was 51.16 ± 6.81.

Conclusions:
A translated Marathi version of HLS-14 is developed, which is valid and reliable. The health literacy among the study participants is marginal.