bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrobial airborne environmental DNA analysis: A review of progress, challenges, and recommendations for an emerging application
Authors: Johnson Mark , Barnes Matthew A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the context of looming global biodiversity loss, effective species detection represents a critical concern for ecological research and management. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis, which refers to the collection and taxonomic identification of genetic fragments that are shed from an organism into its surroundings, emerged approximately 15 years ago as a sensitive tool for species detection. Today, one of the frontiers of eDNA research concerns the collection and analysis of genetic material in dust and other airborne materials, termed airborne eDNA analysis. As the study of airborne eDNA matures, it is an appropriate time to review the foundational and emerging studies that make up the current literature, and use the reviewed literature to summarize, synthesize, and forecast the major challenges and opportunities for this advancing research front. Specifically, we use the “ecology of eDNA” framework to organize our findings across the origin, state, transport, and fate of airborne genetic materials in the environment, and summarize what is so far known of their interactions with surrounding abiotic and biotic factors, including population and community ecologies and ecosystem processes. Within this work we identify key challenges, opportunities, and future directions associated with the application of airborne eDNA development. Lastly, we discuss the development of applications, partnerships, and messaging that promote development and growth of the field. Together, the broad potential of eDNA analysis and the rate at which research is accelerating in this field suggest that the sky's the limit for airborne eDNA science.
Are immunosenescent T cells really senescent?
Authors: Slaets Helena , Veeningen Naomi , de Keizer Peter L. J. , Hellings Niels , Hendrix Sven 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLoss of proper T‐cell functioning is a feature of aging that increases the risk of developing chronic diseases. In aged individuals, highly differentiated T cells arise with a reduced expression of CD28 and CD27 and an increased expression of KLRG‐1 or CD57. These cells are often referred to as immunosenescent T cells but may still be highly active and contribute to autoimmunity. Another population of T cells known as exhausted T cells arises after chronic antigen stimulation and loses its effector functions, leading to a failure to combat malignancies and viral infections. A process called cellular senescence also increases during aging, and targeting this process has proven to be fruitful against a range of age‐related pathologies in animal models. Cellular senescence occurs in cells that are irreparably damaged, limiting their proliferation and typically leading to chronic secretion of pro‐inflammatory factors. To develop therapies against pathologies caused by defective T‐cell function, it is important to understand the differences and similarities between immunosenescence and cellular senescence. Here, we review the hallmarks of cellular senescence versus senescent and exhausted T cells and provide considerations for the development of specific therapies against age‐related diseases.
Philanthropic forms of corporate social responsibility practices in a multinational company: Colonial and post‐colonial perspectives
Authors: Momin Mahmood , Nurunnabi Mohammad , Hossain Tareq , Hoque Zahirul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper explores how colonial and post‐colonial philanthropic ideals shape a multinational shoe manufacturing company's corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. We conducted a qualitative field study in Bangladesh, analysing semi‐structured interviews and archival documents. The findings revealed significant and distinct variations in social, institutional, and political relationships across three historical periods: colonisation, state despotism, and capital imperialism. Notably, benevolence, elitism, socialist enterprise paternalism, and institutionalised strategic philanthropy ideals were found to dominate firm‐level CSR practices. These findings suggest that colonial and post‐colonial contexts can shape and ideologically frame philanthropic forms of CSR practices in organisations over time.
Environmental factors associated to breeding areas of the South American locust Schistocerca cancellata on a regional scale
Authors: Scattolini M. Celeste , Piou Cyril , Medina Héctor , Iglesias Rosario , Cerquetti Alina , Cigliano María M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLocusts are globally recognized as major pest threats. In the first half of the 20th century, the South American locust caused great economic losses. After the implementation of preventive management, large‐scale upsurges ceased. In 2015, resurgence of S. cancellata led to swarms affecting northern Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia, prompting control agencies to address an almost forgotten problem. After six decades without a major locust outbreak, there were limited and outdated studies on this species. This study aims to identify key environmental factors associated with the spatial distribution of S. cancellata oviposition sites. We focus on explanatory variables that represent physical and chemical properties of soil and vegetation cover. To understand the relationships between each potential explanatory variable and the presence‐absence of S. cancellata oviposition sites, we first performed regression analyses applying a linear and quadratic structure for each explanatory variable. Then, we performed comparisons of logistic regression models in a multi‐model inference framework, where CAIC and weights of evidence were analysed. Our results show that the South American locusts chose to lay their eggs in areas with a low proportion of natural forest and flooded grasslands and a high proportion of non‐vegetated areas, where the soils are flat, with neutral pH, and low salinity. We also determined that an increase in the proportion of cultivated areas is associated with an increase in the probability of breeding presence of this species. The locust's habitat falls within the Dry Chaco, a global deforestation hotspot, evidencing a rapid replacing of forests for plantations. Since both the diminish of forest and the increase in cultivated areas are associated with an increase in oviposition sites, we consider that breeding areas will likely increase. The results found herein can be used to map the potential breeding habitats to help preventive management against the South American locust.
Effects of Maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection During Pregnancy on Fetal Development
Authors: Li Jianan , Yao Jingwen , Yang Zeyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) outbreak in 2019 has necessitated investigating its potential adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes and fetal development.ObjectiveThis study aimed to review the evidence on the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy on fetal outcomes.Method of StudyLiteratures since the outbreak of COVID‐19 from PubMed and Web of Science were summarized in this narrative review, to show the effects of maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy on fetal development.ResultsSARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy can be transmitted vertically through the placenta, both in utero and perinatally, affecting the maternal–fetal immune interface and placental function. Viral infections during pregnancy have been linked to central nervous system development impairments and disorders such as autism. Changes in the structure and function of the respiratory, immune, and visceral systems have also been reported. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy has been linked with increased risks of stillbirth and preterm birth. However, the mechanisms involved remain unclear and may include cytokine storms, macrophage mediation, genetic mutations, methylation, and other epigenetic changes. Exploring the protective effects of antiviral treatment and other interventions in animal and clinical studies may help improve outcomes.ConclusionSARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy activates the maternal–fetal immune interface through vertical transmission, and has short‐ and long‐term effects on fetal development, including the central nervous system. Future long‐term studies may help provide evidence that can inform interventions to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes.
Mobile breast screening services in Australia: A qualitative exploration of perceptions and experiences among rural and remote women aged ≥75 years
Authors: Adams Joanne , Dickson‐Swift Virginia , Spelten Evelien , Blackberry Irene , Wilson Carlene , Yuen Eva 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis qualitative descriptive study draws on data collected from a sub‐sample of 15 women participating in a national study (n = 60) exploring the breast cancer screening motivations and behaviours of women aged ≥75 years. The study aimed to understand why women living in rural and remote areas might continue accessing mobile breast cancer screening despite being outside the targeted age range.SettingSettings ranged from large towns to very remote communities (according to Monash Modified Model (MMM) classification 3–7) where BreastScreen Australia mobile screening services were available.ParticipantsInterview data from 15 women aged ≥75 years living in rural and remote locations who had used mobile screening services was utilised for this study.DesignIn‐depth individual interviews were conducted via telephone or online platform (Zoom). These were transcribed verbatim and imported into NVivo software to enable thematic analysis to identify key themes.ResultsMany women aged ≥75 years in rural and remote areas expressed clear intentions to continue breast cancer screening, despite no longer being invited to do so. They perceived great value in the mobile service and were highly appreciative for it yet acknowledged limited sources of information about the process of ongoing screening.ConclusionFew women in rural and remote areas had discussed ongoing breast cancer screening with their general practitioner (GP). More information is required to inform women about the risks and benefits of ongoing screening. Without an invitation to attend screening rural women reported difficulty in knowing when the service would be available. Ongoing notification of the availability of mobile services for women aged ≥75 years in rural areas is recommended.
Alopecia areata exhibits cutaneous and systemic OX40 activation across atopic backgrounds
Authors: Kim Madeline , Del Duca Ester , Dahabreh Dante , Lozano‐Ojalvo Daniel , Carroll Britta , Manson Meredith , Bose Swaroop , Gour Digpal , NandyMazumdar Monali , Liu Ying , Yu Ekey Mitchelle , Chowdhury Amira , Angelov Michael , Ungar Benjamin , Estrada Yeriel , Guttman‐Yassky Emma 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, nonscarring hair‐loss disorder associated with significant quality‐of‐life impairment and limited treatment options. AA has been recently linked to atopy and shown to exhibit both Th1‐ and Th2‐driven inflammation. However, a comprehensive molecular and cellular characterization across blood and scalp compartments in both atopic and nonatopic patients is lacking.MethodsLesional and nonlesional scalp biopsies obtained from AA patients with (n = 16) or without (n = 20) atopic history, and 17 demographically matched healthy controls were analyzed with RNA‐seq, RT‐PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry was also performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a subset of patients. Differential expression was defined using |fold‐change| > 1.5 and false‐discovery rate <0.05.ResultsAA scalp exhibited robust upregulation of Th1‐ (IFNG, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11) and Th2‐related products (CCL26, CCR4, IL10, IL13, TSLP, TNFRSF4/OX40) and shared downregulation of hair keratins, regardless of atopic background, with variable Th17/Th22 modulation. AA patients with atopy exhibited greater inflammatory tone and Th2‐skewing (IL10, IL13, IL33, CCR4, CCL26). Disease severity correlated significantly with immune and hair keratin biomarkers and with perifollicular cellular infiltrates. Cutaneous OX40/OX40L upregulation was paralleled by increases in circulating OX40+ and OX40L+ leukocytes, regardless of atopic background.ConclusionOur results suggest some atopy‐associated immune differences in AA and highlight the OX40 axis as a potential novel therapeutic target that may broadly benefit AA patients.
How much do we need college admission tests?
Authors: Maruyama Geoffrey , Ovies‐Bocanegra Miguel A. , Do Tai , Peczuh Marisa C. , Weisen Shelby 
Published: August 2024

AbstractScrutiny about and controversy regarding the use of college admissions tests have increased since COVID‐19 eliminated mass face‐to‐face testing. At that time, many selective colleges chose to make their admissions decisions without using such tests. More recently, the controversy has been sustained as some selective colleges and universities have reinstated requiring test scores. These tests, primarily the ACT and SAT, have received empirical support but also have faced substantial criticism from test critics and researchers. This paper examines contributions of admissions tests for predicting college outcomes in the presence of additional information available for making college decisions. We investigate relations of ACT tests with academic outcomes for four successive (2011–2014) first‐year cohorts at a large, moderately selective Midwestern Research 1 university. Analyses examine how strongly ACT college admissions tests are related to short‐ and long‐term college success for students controlling for their backgrounds (citizenship, race/ethnicity, first‐generation, sex, socio‐economic status). ACT tests contributed modestly to the prediction of first‐year performance. However, with first year college GPA included, ACT tests failed to add to the prediction of GPA in years 2, 3, and 4, and to prediction of dropout and graduation. These findings inform conversations about the use of college admissions tests post‐COVID.
A randomized controlled study of neoadjuvant metformin with chemotherapy in nondiabetic breast cancer women: The METNEO study
Authors: Serageldin Manar A. , El‐Bassiouny Noha A. , El‐Kerm Yasser , Aly Rania G. , Helmy Maged W. , El‐Mas Mahmoud M. , Kassem Amira B. 
Published: August 2024

AimsClinical data demonstrate that metformin exhibits antiproliferative, proapoptotic and antimetastatic actions. Here, correlative molecular studies were undertaken to determine the roles of transmembrane tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand death receptors (DRs) and CD133, a glycoprotein biomarker of breast cancer (BC) stem cells, in the advantageous action of metformin on pathological and clinical outcomes in BC patients on neoadjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsWe randomly assigned 70 nondiabetic BC patients in a 1:1 ratio to either neoadjuvant AC‐T chemotherapy (4 cycles of adriamycin 60 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2, followed by 12 cycles of weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2) or AC‐T with adjunct metformin (850 mg twice/day). The expressions of DR4, DR5 and CD133 were quantified in excised tissue samples with residual tumour cells.ResultsThe overall clinical response (odds ratio: 22.67 [2.77–185.18], P = .004), breast‐conserving surgery (odds ratio: 3.67 [1.303–10.321], P = .014) and pathological complete response (β = 2.49 ± 1.13 [0.274–4.712], P = .028) rates were significantly improved in the metformin arm. Tissues obtained from the metformin arm had upregulated mRNA expression of DR4 (Mean delta cycle thresholds ± standard error of the mean: 2.68 ± 0.25 vs. 4.87 ± 0.53, P = .0003) and DR5 (0.21 ± 0.25 vs. 4.29 ± 0.95, P = .0004) compared to control arm. The enhanced DR expression negatively correlated with that of CD133 + BC stem cells, which was significantly reduced by metformin at both cytoplasmic/membranous (43.48 vs. 100.00%, P < .0001) and nuclear sites (4.35 vs. 95.00%, P < .0001).ConclusionMetformin improves clinical and pathological responses to neoadjuvant AC‐T chemotherapy in BC via prompting directionally opposite changes in DRs (increments) and CD133 + (decrements) expressions.This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT04170465, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04170465).
Nedosiran population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation to guide clinical development and dose selection in patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1
Authors: Zhang Steven , Amrite Aniruddha , Tan Beesan , Jamsen Kris , Pradhan Sudeep , Choy Steve , Plotkin Horacio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo characterize pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of nedosiran in patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1), identify influential covariates and confirm therapeutic doses.MethodsA population pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) (POP‐PKPD) model was developed to characterize the concentration‐time course of nedosiran and the corresponding effect on 24‐h urinary oxalate (Uox). Simulations of dosing to achieve clinically meaningful reduction in Uox in children, adolescents and adults with PH1 were performed.ResultsAnalyses included PK data from 143 healthy participants and PH1/PH2 patients, and PD data from 46 PH1 patients. Nedosiran PK was described by a two‐compartment model with dual n‐transit absorption and parallel linear and nonlinear elimination. The relationship between nedosiran exposure and Uox was described by an indirect response model. Body weight, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and disease status were identified as influential covariates for the POP‐PK model. The simulation results supported a weight‐banded dosing regimen of nedosiran sodium in adolescents and adults (≥12 years) with PH1 of 170 mg (weight ≥50 kg) and 136 mg (weight <50 kg), in children (6‐11 years) with PH1 of 3.5 mg/kg, and no dose adjustments for PH1 patients with relatively preserved kidney function (eGFR ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73m2). Following the proposed dosing regimens, the simulated median fold‐changes in PK AUC0‐τ,ss were acceptable (≤1.51 fold‐change) and ~71% of PH1 patients across all age groups achieved near‐normal Uox (<0.6 mmol) by week 52.ConclusionsThe final POP‐PKPD model characterizes observed nedosiran PK and Uox data. Simulations support nedosiran dosing regimens in PH1 patients aged ≥6 years with relatively preserved kidney function.
Delta‐6 desaturase FADS2 is a tumor‐promoting factor in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Hasegawa Kohsei , Fujimori Haruna , Nakatani Kohta , Takahashi Masatomo , Izumi Yoshihiro , Bamba Takeshi , Nakamura‐Shima Mao , Shibuya‐Takahashi Rie , Mochizuki Mai , Wakui Yuta , Abue Makoto , Iwai Wataru , Fukushi Daisuke , Satoh Kennichi , Yamaguchi Kazunori , Shindo Norihisa , Yasuda Jun , Asano Naoki , Imai Takayuki , Asada Yukinori , Katori Yukio , Tamai Keiichi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma is a fatal disease with limited therapeutic options. We screened genes required for cholangiocarcinoma tumorigenicity and identified FADS2, a delta‐6 desaturase. FADS2 depletion reduced in vivo tumorigenicity and cell proliferation. In clinical samples, FADS2 was expressed in cancer cells but not in stromal cells. FADS2 inhibition also reduced the migration and sphere‐forming ability of cells and increased apoptotic cell death and ferroptosis markers. Lipidome assay revealed that triglyceride and cholesterol ester levels were decreased in FADS2‐knockdown cells. The oxygen consumption ratio was also decreased in FADS2‐depleted cells. These data indicate that FADS2 depletion causes a reduction in lipid levels, resulting in decrease of energy production and attenuation of cancer cell malignancy.
Using latent transition analysis to evaluate the impact of perceived threats on emotional and behavioral development
Authors: Conley May I. , Dinc Eda Naz , Xiang Zhuoran , Baskin‐Sommers Arielle 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study used latent transition analysis to examine the stability and change in perceived threats in youth's primary social contexts—neighborhoods, schools, and families—and associations with emotional and behavioral problems when youth transitioned from childhood to adolescence. The sample included 8208 racially and ethnically diverse youth enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (47.4% female, M
age_Baseline = 9.83, M
age_Timepoint3 = 11.99). Results revealed that while perceived threats in youth's neighborhoods were considerably stable, perceived threats in youth's families fluctuated in relation to stressful life events. Further, subgroups of youth characterized by elevated perceived threat experiences in different contexts showed differential associations with emotional and behavioral problems. Overall, findings highlight the importance of considering the stability of perceived threats to direct appropriate interventions.
Trends in papillary thyroid cancer mortality in Denmark according to stage and education
Authors: Sørensen Sarah M. , Munk Christian , Maltesen Thomas , Feldt‐Rasmussen Ulla , Kjaer Susanne K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveFew studies exist on trends in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) survival and mortality according to stage and level of socioeconomic status.DesignNationwide cohort study.Patients and MeasurementsPatients diagnosed with PTC during 2000–2015 in Denmark were identified from the Danish Cancer Registry and followed until the end of 2020. We evaluated 5‐year all‐cause mortality and relative survival according to stage and 5‐year mortality rates with corresponding average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) according to stage and education. Finally, we assessed the association between several factors and mortality of PTC using Cox regression.ResultsFor the 2006 cases of PTC diagnosed during 2000–2015, relative survival tended to increase and mortality rates tended to decrease for all stages. For localized PTC, mortality rates tended to decrease among individuals with medium education (AAPC = −7.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −14.7 to 1.5), but showed an increasing pattern among individuals with long education (AAPC = 19.8, 95% CI: −4.2 to 50.0). For nonlocalized PTC, mortality rates showed a decreasing tendency among individuals with medium and long education (AAPC = −5.5, 95% CI: −13.2 to 2.9, and AAPC = −10.4, 95% CI: −20.8 to 1.4, respectively). Being diagnosed with PTC in a more recent calendar period and long education were associated with a lower mortality rate in the Cox regression analysis.ConclusionsA pattern of an increasing relative survival and decreasing mortality rates of PTC across all stages was seen in Denmark during 2000–2015. The decreasing pattern in mortality rates was most evident in individuals with localized stage and medium education, and in individuals with nonlocalized stage and medium or long education.