bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Event Reporting in Older Adult Mental Health: A Theme Analysis
Authors: Herbert Kim , Fergie Ashley 
Published: August 2024

AimsWe carried out a theme analysis of SAER (Significant Adverse Event) reports completed in Older Adults Mental Health Services in Greater Glasgow & Clyde. We wanted to identify common themes to bring about shared learning.MethodsWe analysed 19 SAERs from 2017 to 2023, using deductive coding. The ‘Human & Contributory Factors’ included within the SAER toolkit formed the coding system. Coding was then discussed between authors to explore the themes.ResultsConsidering the demographics of the group, patients who died by suicide demonstrated gender distribution and methods in keeping with recognised statistics. However there was an over-representation of anxiety disorders and grief reaction (64%). This may prompt clinicians to hold a lower threshold for risk management strategies in this group.Theme #1: ‘Management & Organisation’. In the period covering the pandemic, reports reflected the need for rapid changes in practice and how in some cases this had an impact on patient care e.g. restricting the possibility for review in the patient's home.Challenges in liaising with external agencies such as Police Scotland were also highlightedMany reports reflected that practice could have been updated, encouraging willingness to scrutinize long-standing practice.Theme #2: ‘Communication & Team factors’. Communication failures between staff were more common than with patients. It was more common for communication failures to occur between teams than within.This theme also covered issues with availability of information, such as the hybrid model of working with electronic systems but also with some paper records, and the opportunity for information to be missed as a result.Theme #3: Quality of Care. This theme referred to recommendations for more robust or formalized methods of working, or for care to be more clearly patient-centred.Delays accessing care were also highlighted. This might refer to a delay accessing other treatments within the inpatient setting, or to missed opportunities or delays in outpatient assessment.Factors around specific tasks were frequently identified. Most often this referred to guidelines not being followed (updating formal risk assessments, referral to Tissue Viability, etc.). In a smaller number of reports it was identified that guidance was insufficient with recommendations for these to be reviewed.The importance of patient factors was acknowledged in all reports without this apportioning blame to them or absolving the team from identifying areas for improvement.ConclusionThis theme analysis identified a number of key themes for older adult psychiatry teams to consider. Results have been disseminated locally.
A Service Evaluation of Clinicians Writing Clinic Letters to Patients
Authors: Junaid Elizabeth , Eyeoyibo Mogbeyiteren 
Published: August 2024

AimsWriting clinic letters addressed and directed to the patient could be considered part of a strategy to implement a person-centred approach by giving patients more autonomy and understanding of their assessment and care plan. We carried out an audit of current practices and a survey of clinician attitudes within two community mental health teams to determine who clinic letters were being addressed to, whether they are being written in a suitable language and exploring the barriers to improving clinic letter writing.MethodsWe reviewed the first 100 initial and first 50 follow up clinic appointment encounters in two community mental health teams over a one-month period. We used a Microsoft Excel proforma to collect information on who the clinic letter was written to (patient or GP), whether the patient had been copied into the letter, and if not, if there was a recorded reason for why the patient had not been copied in. We also calculated the Flesch Readability score of each of the clinic letters to determine their reading ease using the Microsoft Word add-on tool. Following the initial audit, we carried out a survey to gain insight into clinician attitudes towards writing clinic letters directed to patients. The survey was sent out to all clinicians in the two community mental health teams where the audit was carried out.ResultsThe audit revealed that 53% of clinicians wrote their clinic letters addressed to the patient and 47% wrote them addressed to the GP. 69% of letters were classified as, according the Flesch Readability Score: fairly difficult to read, difficult to read or very difficult to read. The reading ease varied amongst different clinician types. The clinician survey had 16 respondents and revealed various reasons that clinicians did not to write to the patient – including the clinician's own opinion that letters should be addressed to the GP, current practice in their team to write to the GP, long-standing style of writing addressed to the GP and lack of training in writing to the patient.ConclusionThere has been variable practice amongst clinicians for whom their clinic letters are directed to. The majority of letters in our sample were not easy to read and this could be considered suboptimal for the target population. Training in clinic letter writing directed to the patient and the development of purposefully designed clinic letter templates are ways that we could help facilitate improvement in this practice.
Pills, Potions and Psychosocial Support in Pregnancy and the Post-Partum: Evaluating Interventions in a Specialist Perinatal Clinic
Authors: McWilliam Sheridan , Gupta Neeti , Kar Nilamadhab 
Published: August 2024

AimsPsychiatric illnesses are common in the perinatal period and many women are treated with psychotropic medications. Prescribing psychotropic medications often raises concern among patients and clinicians, because of a lack of information and no license to prescribe during pregnancy. This project aimed to evaluate the interventions offered in a perinatal clinic against the Perinatal College Centre for Quality Improvement standards. This included evaluating medications prescribed in the antenatal and postnatal periods; counselling regarding medication risks and benefits, provision of verbal and written information and psychosocial interventions.MethodsData of 60 patients (30 antenatal and 30 postnatal) attending perinatal outpatient clinics covering two cities in Midlands, England, consecutively from November 1st 2023 were collected from electronic clinical notes and clinic letters. Patients who did not attend their appointment were excluded.ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 30.3 ± 5.2 (range 19–41). Average gestational age was 6.5 ± 2.1 months (range 2.0–9.5) for antenatal women, and average postnatal duration was 6.5 ± 5.0 months (range 0.1–22.0) at the time of review. All women had psychiatric diagnosis, except one who was discharged back to primary care. The most common diagnoses were mixed anxiety and depression (38.3%), emotionally unstable personality disorder (38.3%), and postnatal depression (20%). The majority (75.0%) were prescribed psychotropic drugs. Antidepressants were prescribed in 66.7% of antenatal and 76.7% postnatal patients; most commonly prescribed overall were sertraline (33.3%) and citalopram (23.3%). Antipsychotics were prescribed in 30.0% of antenatal and 46.7% of postnatal patients. Aripiprazole and quetiapine were most commonly prescribed in the antenatal (both 13.3%) and postnatal (both 20%) periods. A larger proportion (40.0%) of women had as required medications; promethazine (20.0% vs 30.0%), diazepam (6.7% vs 13.3%) and zopiclone (3.3% vs 13.3%) were most frequently prescribed, with figures indicating prescription rates in the ante- versus postnatal period. None of the medications were prescribed above licensed limits nor met criteria for high dose antipsychotic monitoring. Verbal and written information about medications was provided in 78.3% and 35.0% of all cases respectively. Most (65.0%) women were offered psychological therapies, and of these, 69.2% received it.ConclusionMost women in the perinatal period were prescribed psychotropic drugs, with higher proportions in the postnatal period. The findings suggested areas of improvement, such as offering written information, documenting the discussion of medication counselling, and to increase the psychotherapeutic support. It also suggests developing manualised educational interventions to improve information sharing with patients, and perinatal care.
Exploring the Experiences of the NCL CAMHS Co-Production Experts by Experience in Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health Trust: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Nijabat Kiran 
Published: August 2024

AimsThis study focuses on the North Central London Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (NCL CAMHS) Co-production workstream, initiated to establish co-production as a foundational method for service planning and delivery in the NCL region.To understand what the CAMHS experts by experience members found useful and did not find useful in co-production projects within Barnet Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust and NCL wide co-production.MethodsSemi-structured interviews conducted with experts by experience within the Barnet Enfield and Haringey (BEH) NHS Trust aimed to explore their co-production experiences, identifying facilitators and barriers. The study employed an inductive thematic analysis, grounded in a constructionist epistemological position, to analyse qualitative responses from semi-structured interviews. Braun and Clarke's (2006) methodology guided the analysis, consisting of six phases. The researchers emphasized reflexivity, reflection, and maintaining coherence, consistency, and flexibility throughout the recursive process. The voices of the lived experience co-production members played a central role in the research, influencing the entire report.Two members of the NCL CAMHS lived experience group served as “Lived Experience Researchers” and received training on coding reliability based on Braun and Clarke's (2006) guidance.ResultsThematic analysis revealed several key findings. Recognition of co-production values within the group highlighted the importance of giving voice to service users, valuing their individual experiences, and promoting power-sharing. Facilitators included good team working, valuing diversity, accessible online sessions, and promoting equality through interactions. Conversely, barriers included inconsistent meeting timings, power imbalances, and a consultation-style dominance. Participants expressed the need for more involved projects and recommended a transformation of BEH's co-production strategy.ConclusionRecommendations for BEH include a comprehensive evaluation of their co-production projects on the ladder of participation, emphasizing the importance of higher-level collaborations. Training for staff on co-production principles is crucial for fostering a mindset shift, and the establishment of a dedicated co-production team, including a co-production lead, is advised by service-users who co-produce. These roles can drive co-production projects, provide organizational structure, and facilitate stakeholder engagement.
Service Evaluation: Yoga Class Benefits for Mental and Physical Health in Mother and Baby Unit
Authors: Nikitina Akvile , Green-Thompson Zeyn 
Published: August 2024

AimsDuring the perinatal period women are at increased risk for mental health illness. It is estimated that around 0.5 in 1000 deliveries will result in admission to the mother and baby unit (MBU). Recovery is achieved by combining pharmacological treatment with holistic approaches. The majority of MBU settings will offer a variety of sessions that aid relaxation, reflection, and bonding. We have chosen to trial an additional service – Yoga class. It is known that Yoga is beneficial not only for strength, flexibility, and chronic pain but also for improved concentration, relaxation, and anxiety reduction.MethodsService evaluation took place in 8 bed, inpatient MBU. Selection criteria included non-pregnant women who had 4–6 weeks postnatal health check, were interested in trialling the class and were willing to complete pre- and post-class selected questions from the Dialog scale. The total number of Yoga classes conducted was 9 but there was no set number of classes for patients to commit to. Sessions were run between October 2023 and February 2024. Dialog scale was selected as a well-established outcome measure within the ward. We measured 3 areas by a Dialog scale (physical health, mental health, and leisure). The rating range was 1–7 with 1 being totally dissatisfied and 7 totally satisfied. Questions were completed before and after the class.ResultsIn total 7 patients attended at least 1 Yoga class. We have calculated pre- and post-class average scores to measure change in selected outcomes. Physical health self-reported evaluation improved from 4.09 (SD = 0.79) to 4.48 (SD = 0.71). Mental health score improved from 3.61 (SD = 0.96) to 4.29 (SD = 0.99). Leisure score rose from 3.67 (SD = 1.3) to 4.34 (SD = 0.55). From the class record it was noted that overall, the uptake of the class was encouraging with 85% of patients returning to the Yoga with on average completion of 3 classes. 6 out of 7 patients did not attend further classes due to discharge or other commitments rather than withdrawing from classes.ConclusionFrom the collected data we can see that Yoga classes appear to be associated with moderate improvements in mothers’ mental and physical health, at least immediately post-class. Whether this translates into long-term benefits remains unknown. Our service evaluation indicates that Yoga can be a beneficial part of holistic management for mothers in the MBU setting. In the future, this study could also involve pregnant mothers, who are an important population within the MBU setting.
Staying Too Long – A Review of Delayed Discharges From Paediatric Wards
Authors: Pearson Harriette , Strachan Hilary 
Published: August 2024

AimsSince 2020, there has been an increase in children with mental health presentations ending up on general paediatric wards. Hospitals are identified as a place of safety for young people in crisis, though admission to a paediatric ward is not without risk for the child and staff involved in their care. Stays are often prolonged and classed as delayed discharges. This evaluation looks at 22 admissions to general paediatric wards within an acute health trust in Greater Manchester.MethodsLocal CAMHS teams identified 22 patients with a mental health presentation who had been admitted to paediatric wards and had delayed discharges between September 2021 and December 2023. Their electronic notes were analysed to identify number of bed days and CAMHS contacts, legal status, and discharge destination. Incident reports of each admission were analysed, and categorised into ‘Restraint/Rapid Tranquilisation’, ‘Assault on staff’ ‘Self harm’ ‘Abscondence’ and ‘Other’.ResultsOf the 22 cases analyses, total bed days were 1469. The average number of bed days was 66.7. 6 admissions were over 100 days with the longest being 186 days. The majority (19) of the presenting complaints were categorised as ‘self-harm’ and /or ‘suicidal ideation’. The average number of core CAMHS contacts was 23 per admission, with an average of 9 consultant contacts, 5 Junior doctor out of hour contacts, and 32 meetings (e.g. discharge meeting, strategy meeting) requiring CAMHS attendance. 11 admissions involved assault on staff, with the highest number of assaults 48 during a single admission. 18 of the admissions required additional staffing (clinical support worker, security). Three patients required police to be called to the ward due to assault on staff. 9 of the patients were discharged to a social care placement, 8 were discharged home. The remaining were discharged to inpatient unit, day unit or to a family member.ConclusionMental health admissions to paediatric wards are associated with a high level of CAMHS contacts provided by Tier 3 staff, which creates a previously unseen burden on the service. Admissions can be prolonged. Patients are cared for in an environment which is not designed to meet their needs. This is demonstrated by high level of patients absconding from the ward and increased restrictive measures such as restraint and 1:1 observation. Admissions are also associated with high levels or assault on staff. Further work is needed to evaluate the economic impact of additional staffing on paediatric wards, as well as the impact on paediatric nursing and security staff.
Assessing Physical Health Risk in People With Intellectual Disability Using the Decision Support Tool for Physical Health [DST-PH]
Authors: Melrose Zoe , Rothon Catherine , Siddiqi Daanish , Peters Ayodele 
Published: August 2024

AimsAccurately and comprehensively assessing physical health risk for people with intellectual disability (ID) is paramount in improving health outcomes, reducing the need for acute hospital admissions and preventing mortality. We aimed to compare the existing approach to assessing physical health risk with the use of a novel standardised risk stratification tool, the Decision Support Tool for Physical Health [DST-PH]. We hypothesise that DST-PH will be useful in improving and streamlining the assessment of physical health risk factors in people with ID.People with ID are more likely to have poorer physical health outcomes and are at increased risk of premature and preventable death. Annual data from LeDeR (Learning from lives and deaths – People with a learning disability and autistic people) consistently underlines the need for developing strategies that reduce the risk of people with ID developing conditions associated with high causes of morbidity and mortality.The DST-PH is an online tool that helps clinicians to identify people with ID who are at increased risk of early and preventable death. The tool captures key patient data about underlying health issues and risk factors that can contribute to poor health outcomes. Patients are then stratified according to their overall level of risk using a ‘RAG’ (red, green, amber) system. This allows targeted intervention and monitoring for those patients in need.MethodsAll patient-facing staff in the Wandsworth Learning Disability Service were surveyed about their confidence levels in assessing physical health risk factors independently. We then asked each member of staff to assess physical health risk and assign a RAG rating for 2 randomly selected patients using their usual methods (clinical judgement). We then assessed the same patients using the DST-PH tool. Results were then compared to determine the degree of correlation between clinicians' existing risk assessment methods and the risk ratings assigned using the DST-PH.ResultsSurvey results showed that staff would welcome the introduction of a risk stratification tool. Comparison of risk assessment data showed a significant correlation between clinicians’ assessment and the results from the tool.ConclusionResults evidenced the drive for ID clinicians to be observant of the physical health care needs of their patients. Introduction of the DST-PH may help to streamline the risk assessment process and increase confidence levels of clinicians.
A Service Evaluation and Improvement Project: Reducing Delays in Transfer of Patients From Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) to Prison After Completion of Treatment
Authors: Satisha Shantala , Pettifor Emily 
Published: August 2024

AimsThe project aims to reduce the delays in transferring prisoners back to prison after they have completed the treatment of their mental health disorder in our male PICU.Hypothesis:When prisoners are admitted to our PICU for treatment of their mental health condition, there is a delay in transfer to prison after completion of their treatment due to lack of clear protocol between the services. We expect this project to significantly reduce these delays by agreeing treatment goals and exit pathways prior to admission.BackgroundOur 12 bed male PICU accepts admissions from prison for patients meeting our admission criteria. With increased number of admissions from prison since 2020, we were experiencing delays in transferring the patients back to prison after completing their hospital treatment.MethodsData was collected for all admissions from prison services to the male PICU ward since June 2020 to April 2023. We introduced a PICU-Prison Transfer Agreement form in October 2021 which had to be signed by the mental health team and the governor of the prison before the admission. The form asked for details of any pending court appearances, solicitors’ details, release date, list of staff to be invited for CPA and agreement to accept the patient back to their prison after completion of treatment.ResultsThere were 44 referrals in this time period of which 24 were admitted to PICU. Prior to introducing the PICU-Prison Transfer Agreement, there was an average of 22.5 days (range 19–30 days) delay in patients being transferred to prison after being deemed ready for transfer. After the intervention, the delay in transfer reduced to an average of 10 days (range 5–11 days). The number of patients experiencing delay in transfer to prison of more than 2 weeks decreased from 100% to 0%.ConclusionIn conclusion, the project shows that a simple intervention of introducing an agreement form prior to admission has reduced the delays in patients being discharged from PICU to prison. It has also improved the quality of care with additional information provided in the form. When we accepted an admission from prison outside our county, prior to admission, the out of area prison arranged for a local prison to sign the agreement to accept the patient on discharge from PICU. This has led to a closer working and effective communication between the PICU and the prison services.
Audit Review of GP Referrals to Perinatal Mental Health Team – Emphasis on Medication
Authors: Roy Shirley , Chima Paul 
Published: August 2024

AimsAudit had been completed with aim to review GP referrals to Perinatal Mental Health Services over a 6/12 month period.Focus on medication, and information provided on referral proforma; prescribing via letters sent to Perinatal Mental Health Services.The reason for undertaking this project is due to evidence of variance in practice in prescribing and documenting medications.MethodsThe project team retrospectively took 6 months of data each for the four localities and looked at the list from the weekly MDT during that period.The team identified the GP referrals and then looked in detail at the referral in Carenotes System.The data was collected on a proforma designed in Microsoft Word and was then sent to the Improvement Team for collation and analysis using Microsoft Excel.Results66% used the referral proforma and 20% used the referral letter.The majority (106) of referrals were for a routine review/nonspecific.The majority (78) of referrals were post-natal. 25% of referrals did not indicate whether the patient was post-natal or antenatal and hence no Expected Date of Delivery [MS(CPT1] entered.10% of referrals medication had been stopped. 24% of patients were to review to start medication.Results show that sertraline had been initiated the most frequently. 65% unspecified. In 26%, sertraline had been most frequently prescribed.Where medication had been stopped, the majority of proformas (64%) were incomplete. 9% of patients had Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors suspended such as sertraline and citalopram.ConclusionIn most cases, the reason for referral was unclear.Medication was often stopped unnecessarily – for most medications, it was not indicated whether medication was started/stopped.If patients were started on medication, sertraline and citalopram were either started or stopped most frequently.We also found that some of the referrals were illegible.We presented the findings within our perinatal mental health team meeting.We found the following to be actioned, including discussions with local GP practices and/or local GP educational forums.We hope to re audit following the above action.