bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infratentorial posterior circulation stroke in a Nigerian population: Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and predictors of outcome
Authors: Owolabi Lukman Femi , Ibrahim Aliyu , Musa Ibrahim 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Background: Posterior circulation stroke (PCS), though less common, differs from stroke in anterior circulation in many aspects. Relatively, it portends a poorer prognosis. However, there is a paucity of data from African countries, in particular, where stroke is a menace. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the etiology, clinical characteristics, outcome, and predictors of outcome in a cohort of patients with IPCS in Northwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Out of 595 patients with stroke, we prospectively analyzed 57 patients with PCS in a Tertiary Care Center in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Patients were analyzed for demographic data, risk factors, clinical characteristics, stroke subtypes, mortality, and predictors of mortality. Results: Posterior circulation ischemic stroke accounted for 57 (9.6%) of 595 of all strokes seen in the study period. They comprised 44 males (mean age 47.8 ± 17.7) and 13 females (mean age 46.3 ± 13.7). Overall, their age ranged between 24 and 90 (mean age 47.4 ± 16.7). However, 52.7% of the patients were < 45 years of age. The most common site affected was the cerebellum seen in 33 (57.9%) patients. Hypertension was the most common risk factor (86%). Headache and vertigo were the most common features accounting for 83.6% and 86.3%, respectively. Thirty-eight (66.7%) patients had an ischemic stroke. Twenty-one (36.8%) of the patients died during the 1-month period of follow-up. Independent predictors of death in the study were hyperglycemia on admission and hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusions: IPCS occurred in a relatively younger age group. Headache and vertigo were the most common symptoms. The independent predictors of death in the study were hyperglycemia at presentation and hemorrhagic stroke.
Isolated intermittent vertigo: A presenting feature of persistent trigeminal artery
Authors: Parthasarathy Rajsrinivas , Derksen Carol , Saqqur Maher , Khan Khurshid 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTEmbryonic carotid – basilar anastomosis when persistent in adult life can present with a variety of neurological symptoms. We present a patient with isolated intermittent vertigo attributable to the embryonic anastomosis and describe the different types of persistent trigeminal artery. A 76-year-old Caucasian man presented with isolated intermittent vertigo and symptoms suggestive of anterior and posterior circulation strokes. Impaired vasomotor reactivity was demonstrated on insonation of the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries in this patient with a persistent left trigeminal artery and 75% stenosis of the left internal carotid artery (ICA). The symptom of intermittent vertigo resolved with carotid endarterectomy. Decreased flow across the stenotic segment of the ICA which subserved the posterior circulation resulted in basilar insufficiency. Hypoperfusion to the flocculonodular lobe supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery is a likely cause for the intermittent vertigo.
Teleseismic P wave spectra from USArray and implications for upper mantle attenuation and scattering
Authors: Cafferky Samantha , Schmandt Brandon 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTeleseismic P wave amplitude spectra from deep earthquakes recorded by USArray are inverted for maps of upper mantle Δt* for multiple frequency bands within 0.08–2 Hz. All frequency bands show high Δt* regions in the southwestern U.S., southern Rocky Mountains, and Appalachian margin. Low Δt* is more common across the cratonic interior. Inversions with narrower frequency bands yield similar patterns, but greater Δt* magnitudes. Even the two standard deviation Δt* magnitude for the widest band is ∼2–7 times greater than predicted by global QS tomography or an anelastic olivine thermal model, suggesting that much of the Δt* signal is nonthermal in origin. Nonthermal contributions are further indicated by only a moderate correlation between Δt* and P travel times. Some geographic variations, such as high Δt* in parts of the cratonic interior with high mantle velocities and low heat flow, demonstrate that the influence of temperature is regionally overwhelmed. Transverse spectra are used to investigate the importance of scattering because they would receive no P energy in the absence of 3‐D heterogeneity or anisotropy. Transverse to vertical (T/Z) spectral ratios for stations with high Δt* are higher and exhibit steeper increases with frequency compared to T/Z spectra for low Δt* stations. The large magnitude of Δt* estimates and the T/Z spectra are consistent with major contributions to Δt* from scattering. A weak positive correlation between intrinsic attenuation and apparent attenuation due to scattering may contribute to Δt* magnitude and the moderate correlation of Δt* with travel times.
Global‐scale convective aggregation: Implications for the Madden‐Julian Oscillation
Authors: Arnold Nathan P. , Randall David A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPrevious work has shown that convection will self‐organize in cloud‐system‐resolving model simulations of radiative‐convective equilibrium, and it has been suggested that the convective envelope of the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) may be organized by similar processes on a much larger scale. Here we present support for that hypothesis based on simulations with SP‐CAM with globally uniform SST. Without rotation, convection self‐organizes into large (∼4000 km) clusters surrounded by dry regions, while with Earth‐like rotation the model produces a robust MJO. The nonrotating aggregation and MJO are found to have similar budgets of moist static energy, both being supported by diabatic feedbacks, particularly cloud‐longwave interaction. Mechanism denial experiments show that longwave heating anomalies associated with high clouds are essential to the nonrotating aggregation, and amplify the MJO. Simulations using the conventional CAM show a weaker MJO and a much weaker tendency for nonrotating aggregation, and both MJO activity and aggregation intensity are found to increase with the entrainment rate in the deep convection parameterization.
Incidence and risk factors for myelofibrotic transformation among 272 Chinese patients with JAK2‐mutated polycythemia vera
Authors: Bai Jie , Ai Limei , Zhang Lei , Yang Feng‐Chun , Zhou Yuan , Xue Yanping 
Published: September 2015

Post‐polycythemia vera myelofibrosis (post‐PV MF) is a critical hematologic evolution of polycythemia vera (PV). The main purpose of the present study was to identify the possible risk factors for the occurrence and prognosis of post‐PV MF in Chinese patients with PV. A cohort of 272 Chinese PV patients with JAK2V617F or exon12 mutation was retrospectively analyzed. Of the 272 patients with PV, 63 developed post‐PV MF. Platelet count >550 × 109/L and splenomegaly were identified as independent risk factors for post‐PV MF. The median duration of survival for post‐PV MF patients was 8 years. Anemia and age >65 years at diagnosis of post‐PV MF were identified as significant predictors for the poor prognosis of post‐PV MF. In conclusion, platelet counts and splenomegaly were significant predictors for the transformation to post‐PV MF, while anemia (hemoglobin levels <100 g/L) and age>65 years were significant predictors for poor prognosis of post‐PV MF in Chinese PV patients with JAK2V617F or exon12 mutation. Am. J. Hematol. 90:1116–1121, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: an evidence‐based review with recommendations
Authors: Oakley Gretchen M. , Alt Jeremiah A. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Harvey Richard J. , Orlandi Richard R. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundDiagnostic strategies employed for cases of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea vary widely due to limited evidence‐based guidance.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases from January 1990 through September 2014, to examine 9 diagnostic and localization modalities for CSF rhinorrhea. Benefit‐harm assessments, value judgments and recommendations were made based on the available evidence. Study exclusion criteria were language other than English, pre‐1990 studies, case reports, and nonrhinologic leak. All authors agreed on recommendations through an iterative process.ResultsWe reviewed 68 studies examining 9 practices pertinent to the diagnosis of CSF rhinorrhea, with a highest aggregate grade of evidence of C. The literature does not support the use of the ring sign, glucose testing, radionuclide cisternography (RNC), or computed tomography cisternography (CTC) for identification of CSF leak. Beta‐2 transferrin is the most reliable confirmatory test for CSF leak. High‐resolution CT (HRCT) is then recommended as the first‐line study for localization. Magnetic resonance cisternography (MRC) should be used for CSF leak identification as a second line for each of these if beta‐2 transferrin is not available or if HRCT is ambiguous. Intrathecal fluorescein (IF) may also be of benefit in certain clinical scenarios.ConclusionDespite relatively low levels of evidence, recommendations for the diagnosis and management of CSF rhinorrhea can be made based on the current literature. Higher‐level studies are needed to better determine optimal diagnostic and clinical management approaches.
Endoscopic sphenopalatine ganglion blockade efficacy in pain control after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Al‐Qudah Mohannad 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of bilateral endoscopic injection of lidocaine with epinephrine in the sphenopalatine ganglion at the end of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in controlling postoperative pain and rescue analgesic requirements.MethodsA prospective, double blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of 60 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) undergoing general anesthesia for ESS was undertaken. Patients were randomized to receive injection of 2 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine or 2 mL saline at the end of surgery. Postoperatively, patients were observed for 24 hours. Pain severity was reported immediately, 6 hours, and 24 hours after surgery using a 10‐cm visual analog scale (VAS). The need of rescue analgesia was recorded and compared between the 2 groups.ResultsThe 2 groups were matched in demographic and intraoperative details. Postoperative pain severity average was 3.4, 3.0, and 1.6 in the saline group compared to 1.6, 1.7, and 1.0 in the lidocaine group. These differences reached statically significant for the first 2 follow‐up intervals. Also, there was significant difference in the whole‐day postoperative average score between the 2 groups (2.6 vs 1.4). Twelve patients in the saline group required rescue analgesia compared to 5 in the lidocaine group. The average rescue analgesia dose was 27.5 mg of tramadol in the saline group vs 11.6 in the lidocaine group. These differences were statistically significant. No complications were reported in either group.ConclusionSphenopalatine ganglion injection of lidocaine at the end of surgery is safe, simple, noninvasive, and an effective method of short‐term pain control after sinus surgery.
Genotype–phenotype correlation and course of transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathies in France
Authors: Mariani Louise‐Laure , Lozeron Pierre , Théaudin Marie , Mincheva Zoia , Signate Aissatou , Ducot Beatrice , Algalarrondo Vincent , Denier Christian , Adam Clovis , Nicolas Guillaume , Samuel Didier , Slama Michel S. , Lacroix Catherine , Misrahi Micheline , Adams David ,   on behalf of the French Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathies Network (CORNAMYL) Study Group
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo compare the natural history of familial transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathies (FAP) due to the Val30Met, Ser77Tyr, and Ile107Val mutations in France with the classical Portuguese Val30Met FAP.MethodsWe compared 84 French patients with a control group of 110 Portuguese patients carrying the Val30Met mutation also living in France, all referred to and followed at the French National FAP Reference Center from 1988 to 2010. Clinical examination, functional and walking disability scores, nerve conduction studies, and muscle biopsies are reported. We also conducted a comprehensive literature review to further determine the range of phenotypic expression.ResultsBy comparison with Portuguese Val30Met FAP, French Ile107Val, Ser77Tyr, and LateVal30Met FAP showed more rapid and severe disease progression; onset of gait disorders was 3 times more rapid (p < 0.0001) and the rate of modified Norris test decline was up to 40 times faster in Ile107Val patients (p < 0.0001). Median survival was much shorter in Ile107Val and in Val30Met mutation with late onset (>50 years; LateMet30) FAP (p = 0.0005). Other distinctive features relative to the Portuguese patients included atypical clinical presentations, demyelination on nerve conduction studies (p = 0.0005), and difficult identification of amyloid deposits in nerve and muscle biopsies.InterpretationIle107Val and LateMet30 mutations are associated with the most debilitating and severe FAP ever described, with rapid onset of tetraparesis and shorter median survival. It could be explained by frequent large‐fiber involvement and associated demyelination and more severe axonal loss. These findings have major implications for genetic counseling and patient management as new therapeutic options are being assessed in clinical trials (TTR gene silencing). Ann Neurol 2015;78:901–916
Morphogenesis of the Inner Ear at Different Stages of Normal Human Development
Authors: Toyoda Saki , Shiraki Naoto , Yamada Shigehito , Uwabe Chigako , Imai Hirohiko , Matsuda Tetsuya , Yoneyama Akio , Takeda Tohoru , Takakuwa Tetsuya 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis study examined the external morphology and morphometry of the human embryonic inner ear membranous labyrinth and documented its three‐dimensional position in the developing embryo using phase‐contrast X‐ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 27 samples between Carnegie stage (CS) 17 and the postembryonic phase during trimester 1 (approximately 6–10 weeks after fertilization) were included. The otic vesicle elongated along the dorso‐ventral axis and differentiated into the end lymphatic appendage and cochlear duct (CD) at CS 17. The spiral course of the CD began at CS18, with anterior and posterior semicircular ducts (SDs) forming prominent circles with a common crus. The spiral course of the CD comprised more than two turns at the postembryonic phase, at which time the height of the CD was evident. A linear increase was observed in the length of anterior, posterior, and lateral SDs, in that order, and the length of the CD increased exponentially over the course of development. Bending in the medial direction was observed between the cochlear and vestibular parts from the latero‐caudal view, with the angle decreasing during development. The position of the inner ear was stable throughout the period of observation on the lateral to ventral side of the rhombencephalon, caudal to the pontine flexure, and adjacent to the auditory ganglia. The plane of the lateral semicircular canal was approximately 8.0°–14.6° with respect to the cranial caudal (z‐)axis, indicating that the orientation of the inner ear changes during growth to adulthood. Anat Rec, 298:2081–2090, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcriptomics‐based strain optimization tool for designing secondary metabolite overproducing strains of Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Kim Minsuk , Yi Jeong Sang , Lakshmanan Meiyappan , Lee Dong‐Yup , Kim Byung‐Gee 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIn silico model‐driven analysis using genome‐scale model of metabolism (GEM) has been recognized as a promising method for microbial strain improvement. However, most of the current GEM‐based strain design algorithms based on flux balance analysis (FBA) heavily rely on the steady‐state and optimality assumptions without considering any regulatory information. Thus, their practical usage is quite limited, especially in its application to secondary metabolites overproduction. In this study, we developed a transcriptomics‐based strain optimization tool (tSOT) in order to overcome such limitations by integrating transcriptomic data into GEM. Initially, we evaluated existing algorithms for integrating transcriptomic data into GEM using Streptomyces coelicolor dataset, and identified iMAT algorithm as the only and the best algorithm for characterizing the secondary metabolism of S. coelicolor. Subsequently, we developed tSOT platform where iMAT is adopted to predict the reaction states, and successfully demonstrated its applicability to secondary metabolites overproduction by designing actinorhodin (ACT), a polyketide antibiotic, overproducing strain of S. coelicolor. Mutants overexpressing tSOT targets such as ribulose 5‐phosphate 3‐epimerase and NADP‐dependent malic enzyme showed 2 and 1.8‐fold increase in ACT production, thereby validating the tSOT prediction. It is expected that tSOT can be used for solving other metabolic engineering problems which could not be addressed by current strain design algorithms, especially for the secondary metabolite overproductions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 651–660. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antifouling activity of enzyme‐functionalized silica nanobeads
Authors: Zanoni Michele , Habimana Olivier , Amadio Jessica , Casey Eoin 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe amelioration of biofouling in industrial processing equipment is critical for performance and reliability. While conventional biocides are effective in biofouling control, they are potentially hazardous to the environment and in some cases corrosive to materials. Enzymatic approaches have been shown to be effective and can overcome the disadvantages of traditional biocides, however they are typically uneconomic for routine biofouling control. The aim of this study was to design a robust and reusable enzyme‐functionalized nano‐bead system having biofilm dispersion properties. This work describes the biochemical covalent functionalization of silica‐based nanobeads (hereafter referred to as Si‐NanoB) with Proteinase K (PK). Results showed that PK‐functionalized Si‐NanoB are effective in dispersing both protein‐based model biofilms and structurally altering Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms, with significant decreases in surface coverage and thickness of 30.1% and 38.85%, respectively, while increasing surface roughness by 19 % following 24 h treatments on bacterial biofilms. This study shows that enzyme‐functionalized nanobeads may potentially be an environmentally friendly and cost effective alternative to pure enzyme and chemical treatments. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 501–512. © 2015 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is high pressure postdilation safe in bioresorbable vascular scaffolds? Optical coherence tomography observations after noncompliant balloons inflated at more than 24 atmospheres
Authors: Fabris Enrico , Caiazzo Gianluca , Kilic Ismail Dogu , Serdoz Roberta , Secco Gioel Gabrio , Sinagra Gianfranco , Lee Renick , Foin Nicolas , Di Mario Carlo 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesOptical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to investigate integrity and expansion of bioresorbable drug‐eluting scaffolds (BVS) after high‐pressure postdilation (HPPD).BackgroundBecause of concerns about the risk of BVS damage, postdilation was not recommended and applied in the existing randomized studies and most registries. Recent real world data suggest incomplete BVS expansion cause higher rates of thrombosis. In vivo confirmation of the safety of high pressure postdilation is of paramount importance.MethodsData from final OCT examination of consecutive implanted BVS, postdilated with noncompliant (NC) balloons at pressure ≥24 atm were analyzed. The following stent performance indices were assessed with OCT: mean and minimal lumen and scaffold area, residual area stenosis (RAS), incomplete strut apposition (ISA), tissue prolapse, eccentricity index (EI), symmetry index (SI), strut fractures, and edge dissections.ResultTwenty‐two BVS postdilated at high pressure were analyzed. The average maximal postdilation balloon inflation (maxPD) was 28 ± 3 atm. High pressure OPN NC Balloon (SIS Medical AG, Winterthur Switzerland) was used in 41% of postdilations with a maximal PD of 30 ± 4.7 atm. Final mean and minimal lumen area were 6.8 ± 1.4 and 5.5 ± 1.4 mm2, respectively. OCT showed low percentage of RAS (16 ± 9.6%), and low percentage of ISA (1.8 ± 2.4%). Mean EI was 0.86 ± 0.02 and SI 0.35 ± 0.14. OCT analysis showed one edge dissection and no scaffold fractures.ConclusionsBVS deployment optimization using HPPD does not cause BVS disruption and is associated with a good BVS expansion, low rate of strut malapposition and edge dissections. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enantioseparation of Mandelic Acid Enantiomers With Magnetic Nano‐Sorbent Modified by a Chiral Selector
Authors: Tarhan Tuba , Tural Bilsen , Tural Servet , Topal Giray 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this study,R(+)‐α‐methylbenzylamine‐modified magnetic chiral sorbent was synthesized and assessed as a new enantioselective solid phase sorbent for separation of mandelic acid enantiomers from aqueous solutions. The chemical structures and magnetic properties of the new sorbent were characterized by vibrating sample magnetometry, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The effects of different variables such as the initial concentration of racemic mandelic acid, dosage of sorbent, and contact time upon sorption characteristics of mandelic acid enantiomers on magnetic chiral sorbent were investigated. The sorption of mandelic acid enantiomers followed a pseudo‐second‐order reaction and equilibrium experiments were well fitted to a Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of racemic mandelic acid on to the magnetic chiral sorbent was found to be 405 mg g−1. The magnetic chiral sorbent has a greater affinity for (S)‐(+)‐mandelic acid compared to(R)‐(−)‐mandelic acid. The optimum resolution was achieved with 10 mL 30 mM of racemic mandelic acid and 110 mg of magnetic chiral sorbent. The best percent enantiomeric excess values (up to 64%) were obtained by use of a chiralpak AD‐H column.Chirality 27:835–842, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.