bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic Protein Nogo-B (RTN4-B) Interacts with GRAMD4 and Regulates TLR9-Mediated Innate Immune Responses
Authors: Kimura Toshifumi , Endo Shota , Inui Masanori , Saitoh Shin-Ichiroh , Miyake Kensuke , Takai Toshiyuki 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
TLRs are distributed in their characteristic cellular or subcellular compartments to efficiently recognize specific ligands and to initiate intracellular signaling. Whereas TLRs recognizing pathogen-associated lipids or proteins are localized to the cell surface, nucleic acid–sensing TLRs are expressed in endosomes and lysosomes. Several endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–resident proteins are known to regulate the trafficking of TLRs to the specific cellular compartments, thus playing important roles in the initiation of innate immune responses. In this study, we show that an ER-resident protein, Nogo-B (or RTN4-B), is necessary for immune responses triggered by nucleic acid–sensing TLRs, and that a newly identified Nogo-B–binding protein (glucosyltransferases, Rab-like GTPase activators and myotubularins [GRAM] domain containing 4 [GRAMD4]) negatively regulates the responses. Production of inflammatory cytokines in vitro by macrophages stimulated with CpG-B oligonucleotides or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid was attenuated in the absence of Nogo-B, which was also confirmed in serum samples from Nogo-deficient mice injected with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. Although a deficiency of Nogo-B did not change the incorporation or delivery of CpG to endosomes, the localization of TLR9 to endolysosomes was found to be impaired. We identified GRAMD4 as a downmodulator for TLR9 response with a Nogo-B binding ability in ER, because our knockdown and overexpression experiments indicated that GRAMD4 suppresses the TLR9 response and knockdown of Gramd4 strongly enhanced the response in the absence of Nogo-B. Our findings indicate a critical role of Nogo-B and GRAMD4 in trafficking of TLR9.
Peripheral Blood–Derived Virus-Specific Memory Stem T Cells Mature to Functional Effector Memory Subsets with Self-Renewal Potency
Authors: Schmueck-Henneresse Michael , Sharaf Radwa , Vogt Katrin , Weist Benjamin J. D. , Landwehr-Kenzel Sybille , Fuehrer Henrike , Jurisch Anke , Babel Nina , Rooney Cliona M. , Reinke Petra , Volk Hans-Dieter 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Memory T cells expressing stem cell–like properties have been described recently. The capacity of self-renewal and differentiation into various memory/effector subsets make them attractive for adoptive T cell therapy to combat severe virus infections and tumors. The very few reports on human memory stem T cells (TSCM) are restricted to analyses on polyclonal T cells, but extensive data on Ag-specific TSCM are missing. This might be due to their very low frequency limiting their enrichment and characterization. In this article, we provide functional and phenotypic data on human viral-specific TSCM, defined as CD8+CD45RA+CCR7+CD127+CD95+. Whereas &lt;1% of total T cells express the TSCM phenotype, human CMV–specific TSCM can be detected at frequencies similar to those seen in other subsets, resulting in ∼1/10,000 human CMV–specific TSCM. A new virus-specific expansion protocol of sort-purified TSCM reveals both upregulation of various T cell subset markers and preservation of their stem cell phenotype in a significant proportion, indicating both self-renewal and differentiation potency of virus-specific T cells sharing their TCR repertoire. Furthermore, we describe a simplified culture protocol that allows fast expansion of virus-specific TSCM starting from a mixed naive T/TSCM pool of PBLs. Due to the clinical-grade compatibility, this might be the basis for novel cell therapeutic options in life-threatening courses of viral and tumor disease.
CXCL12 Regulates through JAK1 and JAK2 Formation of Productive Immunological Synapses
Authors: Cascio Graciela , Martín-Cófreces Noa B. , Rodríguez-Frade José Miguel , López-Cotarelo Pilar , Criado Gabriel , Pablos José L. , Rodríguez-Fernández José Luis , Sánchez-Madrid Francisco , Mellado Mario 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The adaptive immune response requires interaction between T cells and APC to form a specialized structure termed the immune synapse (IS). Although the TCR is essential for IS organization, other factors such as chemokines participate in this process. In this study, we show that the chemokine CXCL12-mediated signaling contributes to correct IS organization and therefore influences T cell activation. CXCR4 downregulation or blockade on T cells caused defective actin polymerization at the contact site with APC, altered microtubule-organizing center polarization and the IS structure, and reduced T cell/APC contact duration. T cell activation was thus inhibited, as shown by reduced expression of CD25 and CD69 markers and of IL-2 mRNA levels. The results indicate that, through Gi and JAK1 and 2 kinases activation, CXCL12 signaling cooperates to build the IS and to maintain adhesive contacts between APC and T cells, required for continuous TCR signaling.
Tumor-Associated and Disease-Associated Autoantibody Repertoires in Healthy Colostrum and Maternal and Newborn Cord Sera
Authors: Madi Asaf , Bransburg-Zabary Sharron , Maayan-Metzger Ayala , Dar Gittit , Ben-Jacob Eshel , Cohen Irun R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In this work, we studied autoantibody repertoires and Ig isotypes in 71 mothers and their 104 healthy newborns (including twins and triplets delivered term or premature). Newborns receive maternal IgG Abs via the placenta before birth, but developing infants must produce their own IgM and IgA Abs. We used an Ag microarray analysis to detect binding to a selection of 295 self-Ags, compared with 27 standard foreign Ags. The magnitude of binding to specific self-Ags was found to be not less than that to the foreign Ags. As expected, each newborn shared with its mother a similar IgG repertoire—manifest as early as the 24th week of gestation. IgM and IgA autoantibody repertoires in cord sera were highly correlated among the newborns and differed from their mothers’ repertoires; the latter differed in sera and milk. The autoantibodies bound to self-Ags known to be associated with tumors and to autoimmune diseases. Thus, autoantibody repertoires in healthy humans—the immunological homunculus—arise congenitally, differ in maternal milk and sera, and mark the potential of the immune system to attack tumors, beneficially, or healthy tissues, harmfully; regulation of the tissue site, the dynamics, and the response phenotype of homuncular autoimmunity very likely affects health.
Expression of GM-CSF in T Cells Is Increased in Multiple Sclerosis and Suppressed by IFN-β Therapy
Authors: Rasouli Javad , Ciric Bogoljub , Imitola Jaime , Gonnella Patricia , Hwang Daniel , Mahajan Kedar , Mari Elisabeth R. , Safavi Farinaz , Leist Thomas P. , Zhang Guang-Xian , Rostami Abdolmohamad 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the CNS. Studies in animal models of MS have shown that GM-CSF produced by T cells is necessary for the development of autoimmune CNS inflammation. This suggests that GM-CSF may have a pathogenic role in MS as well, and a clinical trial testing its blockade is ongoing. However, there have been few reports on GM-CSF production by T cells in MS. The objective of this study was to characterize GM-CSF production by T cells of MS patients and to determine the effect of IFN-β therapy on its production. GM-CSF production by peripheral blood (PB) T cells and the effects of IFN-β were characterized in samples of untreated and IFN-β–treated MS patients versus healthy subjects. GM-CSF production by T cells in MS brain lesions was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Untreated MS patients had significantly greater numbers of GM-CSF+CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in PB compared with healthy controls and IFN-β–treated MS patients. IFN-β significantly suppressed GM-CSF production by T cells in vitro. A number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in MS brain lesions expressed GM-CSF. Elevated GM-CSF production by PB T cells in MS is indicative of aberrant hyperactivation of the immune system. Given its essential role in animal models, abundant GM-CSF production at the sites of CNS inflammation suggests that GM-CSF contributes to MS pathogenesis. Our findings also reveal a potential mechanism of IFN-β therapy, namely suppression of GM-CSF production.
A Haptotaxis Assay for Leukocytes Based on Surface-Bound Chemokine Gradients
Authors: Rink Ina , Rink Jan , Helmer Dorothea , Sachs Daniel , Schmitz Katja 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The migration of leukocytes in response to chemokine gradients is an important process in the homeostasis of the human immune system and inflammation. In vivo the migration takes place on the surface of the endothelium to which the chemokine gradient is immobilized via interaction with glycosaminoglycans. To study leukocyte migration in response to surface-bound chemokines, we generated chemokine gradients by a simple stamping method: agarose stamps were soaked with chemokine solution to form continuous chemokine gradients by diffusion. These gradients could be easily transferred to a petri dish surface by stamping. We show that neutrophil granulocytes recognize these gradients and migrate toward increasing chemokine concentrations dependent on the slope of the gradient. Single-cell responses were recorded, and statistical analyses of cell behavior and migration were performed. For analysis of chemotaxis/haptotaxis, we propose a chemotactic precision index that is broadly applicable, valid, and allows for a straightforward and rapid quantification of the precision by which cells follow the direction of a given gradient. The presented technique is very simple, cost-efficient, and can be broadly applied for generating defined and reproducible immobilized gradients of almost any protein on surfaces, and it is a valuable tool to study haptotaxis.
Eschatological hope in Haggai: A homiletic reading
Authors: Wielenga Bob 
Published: April 2015

In this article historical research into Haggai’s eschatological sayings (Hg 2:6–9, 20–23) is combined with a homiletic approach to these two sayings, employing a canon-historical methodology. First, Haggai’s silence about the past of the, in 539 bcreturned, exiles is investigated. His evaluation of this period will be compared with the one by Ezra-Nehemiah. His emphasis on the present time as decision time with a view to the eschatological future, will be examined. Attention will be given to the role the rebuilt temple played in his prophecies, and the kind of contribution he made to prophetic eschatology. Secondly, the homiletic approach to Haggai’s eschatological sayings requires a canonical reflection on their relationship with the New Testament eschatology with a view to strengthen the community of faith’s eschatological prospects in the present time.In hierdie artikel word ’n historiese ondersoek na Haggai se eskatologiese uitsprake (Hag 2:6–9, 20–23) met ’n homiletiese benadering tot albei uitsprake gekombineer met behulp van ’n kanon-historiese metodologie. Eerstens word Haggai se stilswye oor die verlede van die teruggekeerde ballinge van voor 522 v.C. ondersoek en met die beoordeling van dieselfde tydperk deur Esra-Nehemia vergelyk. Sy nadruk op die huidige tyd as beslissingstyd met die oog op die eskatologiese toekoms word bestudeer. Aandag word ook aan die rol geskenk wat die tempel in sy profesieë gespeel het en watter bydrae hy tot die profetiese eskatologie gemaak het. Tweedens vereis die homiletiese benadering van die eskatologiese uitsprake in Haggai om vanuit ’n kanonieke oogpunt op die verhouding met die Nuwe-Testamentiese eskatologie te reflekteer, met die doel om die geloofsgemeenskap se eskatologiese verwagtings in die huidige tyd te versterk.
Daniel Dragonslayer – Bel and the dragon, Verses 23−27 (OG/Th)
Authors: De Bruyn Joseph J. 
Published: April 2015

In this article, aspects of narrative critique, genre, editorial critique, the body and space are uniquely combined into a body-space framework. This spatial framework is used to examine the second episode of ‘Bel and the Dragon’, called ‘Daniel Dragonslayer’. It is postulated that the second episode of ‘Bel and the Dragon’ should be read in a reciprocal relationship with not only ‘Bel and the Dragon’, but also the larger Book of Daniel. Firstly, such an analysis indicates that the smaller episode is part of a larger clash of deities. Secondly, it shows that the editor /author utilises the episode to create a new cosmology. In this new cosmology, the Jewish deity is an almighty one, whilst other deities are seen as false and not real living gods. In his own way, the editor or author contributes to the way in which Jews regarded their God within the reality of the diaspora.Daniel Dragonslayer − Bel en die draak, Verse 23−27 (VAN/Die). In hierdie artikel word aspekte van narratiewe-kritiek, genre, redaksie-kritiek, die liggaam en ruimte op ’n unieke wyse gekombineer om ’n beliggaamde ruimteraamwerk te vorm. Hierdie beliggaamde ruimteraamwerk word gebruik om die tweede episode van ‘Bel en die Draak’, naamlik ‘Daniël, die Draakjagter’, te analiseer. Die artikel stel voor dat hierdie tweede episode van ‘Bel en die Draak’ in ’n resiproke verhouding met ‘Bel en die Draak’, sowel as met die boek Daniël gelees moet word. Indien die teks op hierdie voorgestelde wyse ontleed word, kom verskeie punte na vore. Eerstens word aangedui dat die kleiner episode deel van ’n groter gode-oorlog vorm. Tweedens, die skrywer/redakteur gebruik die kleiner episode as deel van ’n proses om ’n nuwe kosmologie te skep. Volgens hierdie nuwe kosmologie is die Joodse God ’n almagtige God, terwyl ander gode vals en nie ware lewende gode is nie. Op sy eie manier lewer die skrywer/redakteur ’n bydrae tot die ontwikkeling van die Jode se godsbeskouing tydens die diaspora.
Systematic Analysis of Integrated Gene Functional Network of Four Chronic Stress-related Lifestyle Disorders
Authors: Roy Souvick , Chakraborty Abhik , Ghosh Chinmoy , Banerjee Birendranath 
Published: April 2015

Background:
Stress is a term used to define factors involved in changes in the physiological balances resulting in disease conditions. Chronic exposure to stress conditions in modern lifestyles has resulted in a group of disorders called lifestyle disorders. Genetic background and environmental factors are interrelated to lifestyle in determining the health status of individuals. Hence, identification of disease-associated genes is the primary step toward explanations of pathogenesis of these diseases. In functional genomics, large-scale molecular and physiological data are used for the identification of causative genes associated with a disease.

Aim:
The objective of our study was to find a common set of genes involved in chronic stress-related lifestyle diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension (HTN), and obesity.

Materials and Methods:
In our study, we have performed a systematic analysis of the functional gene network of four chronic stress-related lifestyle diseases by retrieving genes from published databases. We have tried to systematically construct a functional protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The goals of establishing this network were the functional enrichment study of interacting partners as well as functional disease ontology annotation (FunDO) of the enriched genes.

Results:
This study enabled the identification of key genes involved in these stress-related lifestyle diseases by prioritizing candidate genes based on their degree of involvement. In this systematic analysis, we have found key genes for these diseases based on their involvement and association at the gene network level and PPI.

Conclusion:
We have deciphered a group of genes that in combination play a crucial role and may impact the function of the whole genome in the four lifestyle disorders mentioned.
A Unique Case of Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica with Postoperative Hungry Bone Syndrome and Hypocalcemic Cardiac Failure
Authors: Maturi Ramesh , Makineni Hemanth , Marri Sri Santhosh Keerthi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Osteitis fibrosa cystica, a manifestation of severe hyperparathyroidism presenting with crippling bone deformities is a rare presentation these days. We report a case of 40-year-old male patient who presented with generalized aches and pains and bony deformities. Radiographs showed diffuse osteopenia, brown tumors and pathological fractures of phalanges but common manifestations associated with hyperparathyroidism like pancreatic calcifications and nephrolithiasis were absent. Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were elevated while ultrasound imaging of neck showed the presence of a left lower parathyroid adenoma and was confirmed by Tc99- sestamibi scan. Large parathyroid lesion along with high calcium levels and severely elevated PTH puts this patient in high-risk category for postoperative hungry bone syndrome leading to severe hypocalcemia postoperatively. Hypocalcemia usually results in neuromuscular irritability manifesting as paresthesia, Chvostek and Trousseau sign, carpopedal spasm and even convulsions in severe cases. However, our patient had none of the common manifestations, but developed hypocalcemic cardiac failure postoperatively. Case history and management of case is presented.

How to cite this article
Maturi R, Makineni H, Marri SSK. A Unique Case of Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica with Postoperative Hungry Bone Syndrome and Hypocalcemic Cardiac Failure. World J Endoc Surg 2015;7(1):10-13.
Surgical Delight: Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Authors: Ravikumar Krishnan , Sadacharan Dhalapathy 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionA nonrecurrent course is an unusual anatomic variation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. It is seen usually on the right side, and it is very rare on the left side. Nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve if present is mostly associated with vascular anomalies.Case reportA 55-year-old female was referred to us with thyrotoxic symptoms for a period of 6 months. She was rendered euthyroid with antithyroid medications. After complete evaluation, she was posted for total thyroidectomy. Intraoperatively, right recurrent nerve could not be identified in usual position. On careful dissection, a nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve was identified. The recurrent laryngeal nerve on the left side showed normal course. The intraoperative and postoperative period were uneventful. Postoperative vocal cord status was normal.ConclusionThis case was presented for its rarity and to stress the need for orderly meticulous surgical dissection.How to cite this articleRavikumar K, Sadacharan D, Suresh Rv. Surgical Delight: Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve. World J Endoc Surg 2015;7(1):14-16.
Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease: A Rare Cause of Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Mahadevan Shriraam , Ravikumar Krishnan , Sadacharan Dhalapathy , Muthukumar Sankaran 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is one of the rare cause of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) independent Cushing's syndrome. More than 90% of the reported PPNAD have been associated with Carney's complex. Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease is one of the major criteria for the diagnosis of Carney's complex (CNC). We report a case of PPNAD which is not associated with CNC.

How to cite this article
Sadacharan D, Mahadevan S, Ravikumar K, Muthukumar S. Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease: A Rare Cause of Cushing's Syndrome. World J Endoc Surg 2015;7(1):24-25.
Epilepsy: Special Consideration in Women
Authors: Kumar Suman , Ahmad Ayesha , Rabbani Tamkin Khan 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorder complicating pregnancy. The article reviews various management issues in women in preconceptional, antenatal and postnatal period. An online search was carried out for articles on epilepsy in women and different aspects relating to contraception, conception, antenatal, intranatal and postnatal management. The available guidelines on the subject were also reviewed.

How to cite this article
Ahmad A, Rabbani TK, Kumar S. Epilepsy: Special Consideration in Women. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015; 6(1):11-14.
Nasal Bone Length Normogram of Mid-second Trimester Euploid Fetuses of an Indian Population
Authors: Vikraman Seneesh Kumar , Chandra Vipin , Balakrishanan Bijoy , Gudi Amruta , Batra Meenu , Kannoli Gopinathan 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionDown syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal aneuploidy to result in a live birth. Absent nasal bone has been consistently observed in fetuses with ds. Multiple studies have been conducted to measure and compare the nasal bone length (NBL) in different races and ethnicity and is found to vary in size. In countries, such as India where often only the second trimester scan is performed for screening of aneuploidies, NBL could be regarded as a useful marker.Aims and objectivesTo estimate the NBL of fetuses at 18 to 22 + 6 weeks gestational age in an Indian population, establish a normogram and compare it with that of the Caucasian population.Materials and methodsProspective observational study in a tertiary care hospital with 500 antenatal subjects after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsThe normogram was established and found to be comparable to previously established ones for Indian subjects. The 5th centiles for 18-18.6, 19-19.6, 20-20.6, 21-21.6 and 22- 22.6 weeks of gestations were 3.4, 3. 5, 4.2, 4.3 and 5.4 mm respectively. The NBL increased with gestational age (GA), and the mean NBL was 5.48 mm. No correlation was noted with maternal age, sex of fetus or religion. The NBLs were significantly shorter than those of the Caucasian population.ConclusionMean NBL values of Indian population are less than the mean NBL of Caucasian population. This along with the GA needs to be considered in counseling patients and decisions regarding further invasive and noninvasive tests.How to cite this articleVikraman SK, Chandra V, Balakrishanan B, Gudi A, Batra M, Kannoli G. Nasal Bone Length Normogram of Mid-second Trimester Euploid Fetuses of an Indian Population. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(1):25-29.
Assessment of Uterine Receptivity by the Subendometrial-Endometrial Blood Flow Distribution Pattern in Frozenthawed Embryo Transfer Cycles
Authors: Sardana Divya 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the correlation of blood flow detected by 2-Dimensional Power Doppler (2D-PD) sonography in the subendometrial-endometrial unit with the pregnancy outcome in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles.Study designProspective non-randomized observational study.Materials and methodsA total of 127 patients undergoing their first FET cycle were recruited and prepared using hormone replacement therapy. All patients were evaluated for subendometrial-endometrial blood flow by 2D-PD once the endometrium was ≥7 mm thick. Progesterone supplement was added and transfer of 2 to 3 cleavage stage good quality embryos was done after 3 days.ResultsThe difference in the BMI, FSH, LH and endometrial thickness of women in the three zones was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, women with blood flow in zone 1 were of older age as compared to women in zone 3 with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0001). In the present study, the overall pregnancy rate was 35.43% (45/127). Women having blood flow in zone 3 or 4 showed a rising trend of pregnancy rate as compared to those in zone 1 and 2 although it was not statistically significant (p = 0.15). But, clinical pregnancy and implantation rates were significantly higher in women with zone 3 or 4 penetration compared with zone 1 or 2 penetration (p = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively).ConclusionThe subendometrial-endometrial vascularity has a useful predictive value for pregnancy outcome in FET cycles. However, larger studies are needed to reach definite conclusion.How to cite this articleSardana D. Assessment of Uterine Receptivity by the Subendometrial-Endometrial Blood Flow Distribution Pattern in Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycles. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(1):35-39.