bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are leaves ‘freewheelin'? Testing for a Wheeler‐type effect in leaf xylem hydraulic decline
Authors: SCOFFONI CHRISTINE , SACK LAWREN 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA recent study found that cutting shoots under water while xylem was under tension (which has been the standard protocol for the past few decades) could produce artefactual embolisms inside the xylem, overestimating hydraulic vulnerability relative to shoots cut under water after relaxing xylem tension (Wheeler et al. 2013). That study also raised the possibility that such a ‘Wheeler effect’ might occur in studies of leaf hydraulic vulnerability. We tested for such an effect for four species by applying a modified vacuum pump method to leaves with minor veins severed, to construct leaf xylem hydraulic vulnerability curves. We tested for an impact on leaf xylem hydraulic conductance (Kx) of cutting the petiole and minor veins under water for dehydrated leaves with xylem under tension compared with dehydrated leaves after previously relaxing xylem tension. Our results showed no significant ‘cutting artefact’ for leaf xylem. The lack of an effect for leaves could not be explained by narrower or shorter xylem conduits, and may be due to lesser mechanical stress imposed when cutting leaf petioles, and/or to rapid refilling of emboli in petioles. These findings provide the first validation of previous measurements of leaf hydraulic vulnerability against this potential artefact.
Diagnosis and treatment of urea cycle disorder in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Kimitoshi , Kido Jun , Mitsubuchi Hiroshi , Endo Fumio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUrea cycle disorder (UCD) is an inborn error of the metabolic pathway producing urea from ammonia, which occurs primarily in the liver. Decreased excretion of nitrogen in the urea cycle due to deficiency of carbamoyl phosphate synthase I (CPSI), ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), argininosuccinate synthase (ASS), argininosuccinate lyase (ASL), and N‐acetyl glutamate synthase (NAGS) causes hyperammonemia. We examined the clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of 177 patients with UCD from January 1999 to March 2009 in Japan. Compared with a previous study conducted in Japan, a larger number of patients survived without mental retardation, even when the peak blood ammonia was >360 μmol/L. In those with peak blood ammonia >360 μmol/L, an indicator of poor prognosis, the frequency of convulsions, mental retardation, brain abnormality on magnetic resonance imaging, hemodialysis, liver transplantation, and intake of non‐protein formulas was significantly higher than in those with peak blood ammonia <360 μmol/L. In this article, we have reported the current state of UCD to evaluate prognosis and its relationship with peak blood ammonia and hemodialysis.
Comparison of potential increases in juvenile salmonid rearing habitat capacity among alternative restoration scenarios, Trinity River, California
Authors: Beechie Timothy J. , Pess George R. , Imaki Hiroo , Martin Aaron , Alvarez Justin , Goodman Damon H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRiver restoration plans often propose multiple rehabilitation actions to address key habitat impairments, but they rarely attempt to quantify the potential benefits of alternative sets of actions for targeted biota. We use geomorphic and biological analyses to estimate restoration potential under three alternative scenarios for a 64‐km section of the Trinity River, California, between the North Fork Trinity River and Lewiston Dam, which is the focus of habitat rehabilitation efforts under the Trinity River Restoration Program. The three scenarios are (1) increasing habitat quality by wood additions and alcove construction, (2) increasing habitat quantity by increasing sinuosity and side‐channel length, and (3) increasing both habitat quality and quantity. For each scenario, we used existing stream habitat and juvenile salmonid data from previous studies to estimate potential improvements in fry or pre‐smolt production. The potential increase in Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon) and O. mykiss (steelhead) fry rearing capacity was 62 and 67%, respectively, for Scenario 1 (increasing habitat quality), and 36 and 44% for Scenario 2 (increasing habitat quantity). Only the most optimistic Scenario 3 (increasing both habitat quality and quantity) more than doubles potential juvenile salmonid production (112% increase in Chinook fry capacity and 107% increase in steelhead fry capacity). These quantitative predictions are useful in developing realistic restoration targets and evaluating whether proposed restoration actions can achieve the aims of a restoration program.
The role of personal and key resources in the family‐to‐work enrichment process
Authors: Tement Sara 
Published: July 2014

Based on the work‐home resources model, the aim of the present research was to test a process model of family‐to‐work enrichment by examining whether self‐efficacy (i.e., personal resource) mediates the relationship between support from one's family and work engagement. Further, it was assumed that positive affectivity (i.e., key resource) moderates the relation between family support and self‐efficacy. Using an occupationally heterogeneous sample of Slovenian employees (n = 738), we found support for a mediating effect of self‐efficacy as well as for the moderating role of positive affectivity. In general, our results broaden the understanding of work‐family enrichment processes and provide support for the work‐home resources model. In addition, they point to the relevant role of personal and key resources in work‐family interactions.
Soil capability as a predictor of cropland change in Alberta, Canada from 1988 to 2010
Authors: Zhang X. , Huffman T. , Liu J. , Liu H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the mutual influences between cropland use and soil characteristics is important in anticipating and planning for food production, environmental protection and resource sustainability. Numerous studies focus on the relationship between crop rotations and soil characteristics at a microscale, but fewer studies focus on the relationships between soil capability and cropland use and change at a medium scale. We explore how soil capability has influenced cropland changes over 22 yr, using statistical and land use transition analysis. Landsat images from the years 1988, 2002 and 2010 were used to map cropland changes by soil capability class within a pilot site in Alberta, Canada. Between the late 1980s and 2010: (i) the area of annual crops increased substantially while that of forest and summer‐fallow decreased; (ii) changes in cropland use among annual crops, perennial crops and summer‐fallow differed substantially depending on soil capability; and (iii) a transition from annual crops and summer‐fallow to perennial crops was more likely on land of poorer soil capability, whereas the transition from perennial crops and summer‐fallow to annual crops was more likely on land with higher soil capability. The changes in land use practices identified in this study indicate that producers are actively intensifying production on their best land to optimize profitability while simultaneously reducing the intensity of production on poorer land for either financial or environmental reasons, or both.
Improving management of constipation in an inpatient setting using a care bundle
Authors: Linton Andrew 
Published: July 2014

AbstractConstipation is a common occurrence on geriatric in-patient wards. It can result in delirium and other complications including bowel obstruction. Over treatment with laxatives can result in iatrogenic diahorrea, which can lead to dehydration, delirium, and the false positive labeling and unnecessary treatment of clostridium difficile carriers. This can result in increased morbidity and mortality, and a longer stay in hospital. This means that improving the assessment and treatment of constipation should improve patient outcomes and result in significant hospital cost savings.Multidisciplinary discussion and planning resulted in the delivery of our constipation project. This aimed to encourage the early assessment and treatment of constipation of inpatients on a geriatric rehabilitation ward. The goal was to prevent significant constipation by intervening early, improving the prescription of laxatives, and titrating them when the constipation has resolved. This involved educational sessions, non-pharmacological alternatives to laxatives (optimisation of hydration, exercise, and high fibre foods), laxative prescription guidance, and twice weekly laxative ward rounds.The profile of laxative prescription changed in keeping with our guidance. There was a reduction in overall laxative prescription by a third and the prescription of "PRN" laxatives was eliminated. This hopefully resulted in reduced morbidity for the patients and reduced length of stay. There was a cost savings on the laxative bill on average per day of the project, which when extrapolated to a 365 day year was £1226.40. This doesn't include potential savings gained from reduced complications of constipation and reduced length of stay, which are hard to accurately measure.
Factors Associated with Adherence to an End-of-Study Biopsy: Lessons from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (SWOG-Coordinated Intergroup Study S9217)
Authors: Gritz Ellen R. , Arnold Kathryn B. , Moinpour Carol M. , Burton-Chase Allison M. , Tangen Catherine M. , Probstfield Jeffrey F. , See William A. , Lieber Michael M. , Caggiano Vincent , Moody-Thomas Sarah , Szczepanek Connie , Ryan Anne , Carlin Susie , Hill Shannon , Goodman Phyllis J. , Padberg Rose Mary , Minasian Lori M. , Meyskens Frank L. , Thompson Ian M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Background: The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) was a 7-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of finasteride for the prevention of prostate cancer with a primary outcome of histologically determined prevalence of prostate cancer at the end of 7 years.
Methods: A systematic modeling process using logistic regression identified factors available at year 6 that are associated with end-of-study (EOS) biopsy adherence at year 7, stratified by whether participants were ever prompted for a prostate biopsy by year 6. Final models were evaluated for discrimination. At year 6, 13,590 men were available for analysis.
Results: Participants were more likely to have the EOS biopsy if they were adherent to study visit schedules and procedures and/or were in good health (P &lt; 0.01). Participants at larger sites and/or sites that received retention and adherence grants were also more likely to have the EOS biopsy (P &lt; 0.05).
Conclusions: Our results show good adherence to study requirements 1 year before the EOS biopsy was associated with greater odds that a participant would comply with the invasive EOS requirement.
Impact: Monitoring adherence behaviors may identify participants at risk of nonadherence to more demanding study end points. Such information could help frame adherence intervention strategies in future trials. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(8); 1638–48. ©2014 AACR.
Physicians' Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Recommendations in the Context of Permissive Guidelines for Male Patients: A National Study
Authors: Malo Teri L. , Giuliano Anna R. , Kahn Jessica A. , Zimet Gregory D. , Lee Ji-Hyun , Zhao Xiuhua , Vadaparampil Susan T. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Background: Little is known about physicians' human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine recommendations for males while the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' (ACIP) permissive guidelines for male vaccination were in effect. The purpose of this study was to examine and explore factors associated with U.S. physicians' HPV vaccine recommendations to early (ages 11–12), middle (13–17), and late adolescent/young adult (18–26) males.
Methods: Nationally representative samples of family physicians and pediatricians were selected in 2011 (n = 1,219). Physicians reported the frequency with which they recommended HPV vaccine to male patients [“always” (&gt;75% of the time) vs. other] for each age group. Statistically significant predictors of vaccine recommendation were identified using multivariable logistic regression.
Results: The prevalence of physicians reporting they “always” recommended HPV vaccination for males was 10.8% for ages 11 to 12, 12.9% for ages 13 to 17, and 13.2% for ages 18 to 26. Pediatrician specialty and self-reported early adoption of new vaccines were significantly associated with recommendation for all patient age groups. In addition, physician race and patient payment method were associated with physician recommendations to patients ages 11 to 12, and patient race was associated with recommendations to ages 13 to 17 and 18 to 26.
Conclusions: Less than 15% of physicians surveyed reported “always” recommending HPV vaccine to male patients following national guidelines for permissive vaccination. Vaccine financing may have affected physicians' vaccine recommendations.
Impact: If these recommendation practices continue following the ACIP's routine recommendation for males in October 2011, then interventions designed to increase recommendations should target family physicians and possibly use early adopters to encourage support of HPV vaccination guidelines. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 2126–35. ©2014 AACR.
O acolhimento hegeliano do pensamento antinômico na época de Jena
Authors: Werle Marco Aurélio 
Published: July 2014

Trata-se de acompanhar a constituição do pensamento antinômico na filosofia de Hegel da época de Jena (1801-1806), a partir de uma abordagem do começo do Differenzschrift. Refletindo sobre o legado da filosofia de Kant no idealismo, Hegel situará a natureza negativa da filosofia a partir de seu duplo modo de afirmação (universal e particular), desde o seio da cultura, na atividade do entendimento e da razão (da parte e do todo) enquanto dupla reflexão: isolada e geral.
Bridge-to-Decision Therapy With a Continuous-Flow External Ventricular Assist Device in Refractory Cardiogenic Shock of Various Causes
Authors: Takayama Hiroo , Soni Lori , Kalesan Bindu , Truby Lauren K. , Ota Takeyoshi , Cedola Sophia , Khalpey Zain , Uriel Nir , Colombo Paolo , Mancini Donna M. , Jorde Ulrich P. , Naka Yoshifumi 
Published: July 2014

Background—
Mortality for refractory cardiogenic shock remains high. In this patient cohort, there have been mixed results in mechanical circulatory support device use as a bridge-to-decision therapy. We evaluated a continuous-flow external ventricular assist device (VAD), CentriMag VAD (Thoratec Corp., Pleasanton, CA), in patients with various causes of refractory cardiogenic shock.

Methods and Results—
This is a retrospective review of adult patients who underwent surgical CentriMag VAD insertion as bridge-to-decision therapy. From January 2007 through June 2012, 143 patients received CentriMag VAD. The cause of refractory cardiogenic shock was failure of medical management in 71 patients, postcardiotomy shock in 37, graft failure post–heart transplantation in 22, and right ventricular failure post–implantable left VAD in 13. Mean age was 52±16 years, and 71% were in INTERMACS (Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support) profile 1. Among 158 device runs, device configuration was BiVAD in 67%, isolated right VAD in 26%, and isolated left VAD in 8%. Median duration of support was 14 days (interquartile range, 8–26). Survival was 69% at 30 days and 49% at 1 year. The next destination after the CentriMag VAD was myocardial recovery in 30%, device exchange to an implantable VAD in 15%, and heart transplantation in 18%. The failure of medical management and the graft failure post–heart transplantation groups had higher 30-day survival compared with the postcardiotomy shock group. Major bleeding events occurred in 33% and cerebrovascular accidents in 14%. There was no CentriMag pump failure or thrombosis.

Conclusions—
Bridge-to-decision therapy with CentriMag VAD is feasible in a variety of refractory cardiogenic shock settings. Patients with postcardiotomy shock have inferior survival.
Risk Score to Predict Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Ji Ruijun , Shen Haipeng , Pan Yuesong , Du Wanliang , Wang Penglian , Liu Gaifen , Wang Yilong , Li Hao , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yongjun , Bi Qi , Zhang Weiwei , Cui Liying , Sun Yuheng , He Maolin , Fan Dongsheng , Ji Xunming , Li Jimei , Zhang Fang , Feng Kai , Zhang Xiaojun , Li Yansheng , Wang Shaoshi , Fan Wei , Liu Zhenguo , Sun Xiaojiang , Li Wei , Liu Jianrong , Chen Xu , Bai Qingke , Gu Dexiang , Li Xin , Dong Qiang , Cheng Yan , Yu Lan , Li Bin , Wang Tongyu , Zhao Kun , Zhang Chaodong , Tao Dingbo , Yin Lin , Qu Fang , Zhang Jingbo , Wang Jianfeng , Lian Ying , Qu Fang , Fan Jun , Gao Ying , Cheng Mingdong , Wu Jiang , Sun Huashan , Li Jinying , Li Guozhong , Zhu Yulan , Yang Zichao , Yang Fengmin , Zhou Jun , Guo Minxia , Li Zhengyi , Ma Qilin , Huang Renbin , Xiao Bo , Chen Kangning , Qin Xinyue , Hu Changlin , Gao Li , Zeng Jinsheng , Xu Anding , Zhang Xiong , Shao Ming , Qi Feng , Xiao Weimin , Zhang Suping , Pan Xiaoping , Pan Suyue , Cai Yefeng , Wan Qi , Xu Yun , Ke KaiFu , Kong Yuenan , Di Qing , Shao Fengyang , Jiang Yajun , Wang Daming , Guo Li , Xue Wencui 
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—
We aimed to develop a risk score (intracerebral hemorrhage–associated pneumonia score, ICH-APS) for predicting hospital-acquired stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) after ICH.

Methods—
The ICH-APS was developed based on the China National Stroke Registry (CNSR), in which eligible patients were randomly divided into derivation (60%) and validation (40%) cohorts. Variables routinely collected at presentation were used for predicting SAP after ICH. For testing the added value of hematoma volume measure, we separately developed 2 models with (ICH-APS-B) and without (ICH-APS-A) hematoma volume included. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, and integrated discrimination index were used to assess model discrimination, calibration, and reclassification, respectively.

Results—

The SAP was 16.4% and 17.7% in the overall derivation (n=2998) and validation (n=2000) cohorts, respectively. A 23-point ICH-APS-A was developed based on a set of predictors and showed good discrimination in the overall derivation (AUROC, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–0.77) and validation (AUROC, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–0.79) cohorts. The ICH-APS-A was more sensitive for patients with length of stay >48 hours (AUROC, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.75–0.81) than those with length of stay <48 hours (AUROC, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.55–0.73). The ICH-APS-A was well calibrated (Hosmer–Lemeshow test) in the derivation (
P
=0.20) and validation (
P
=0.66) cohorts. Similarly, a 26-point ICH-APS-B was established. The ICH-APS-A and ICH-APS-B were not significantly different in discrimination and reclassification for SAP after ICH.

Conclusion—
The ICH-APSs are valid risk scores for predicting SAP after ICH, especially for patients with length of stay >48 hours.
Upscale Energy Transfer by the Vortical Mode and Internal Waves
Authors: Brunner-Suzuki Anne-Marie E. G. , Sundermeyer Miles A. , Lelong M.-Pascale 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDiapycnal mixing in the ocean is sporadic yet ubiquitous, leading to patches of mixing on a variety of scales. The adjustment of such mixed patches can lead to the formation of vortices and other small-scale geostrophic motions, which are thought to enhance lateral diffusivity. If vortices are densely populated, they can interact and merge, and upscale energy transfer can occur. Vortex interaction can also be modified by internal waves, thus impacting upscale transfer. Numerical experiments were used to study the effect of a large-scale near-inertial internal wave on a field of submesoscale vortices. While one might expect a vertical shear to limit the vertical scale of merging vortices, it was found that internal wave shear did not disrupt upscale energy transfer. Rather, under certain conditions, it enhanced upscale transfer by enhancing vortex–vortex interaction. If vortices were so densely populated that they interacted even in the absence of a wave, adding a forced large-scale wave enhanced the existing upscale transfer. Results further suggest that continuous forcing by the main driving mechanism (either vortices or internal waves) is necessary to maintain such upscale transfer. These findings could help to improve understanding of the direction of energy transfer in submesoscale oceanic processes.
Identification of novel glycosyl hydrolases with cellulolytic activity against crystalline cellulose from metagenomic libraries constructed from bacterial enrichment cultures
Authors: Mori Toshio , Kamei Ichiro , Hirai Hirofumi , Kondo Ryuichiro 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
To obtain cellulases that are capable of degrading crystalline cellulose and cedar wood, metagenomic libraries were constructed from raw soil sample which was covered to pile of cedar wood sawdust or from its enrichment cultures. The efficiency of screening of metagenomic library was improved more than 3 times by repeating enrichment cultivation using crystalline cellulose as a carbon source, compared with the library constructed from raw soil. Four cellulase genes were obtained from the metagenomic libraries that were constructed from the total genome extracted from an enrichment culture that used crystalline cellulose as a carbon source. A cellulase gene and a xylanase gene were obtained from the enrichment culture that used unbleached kraft pulp as a carbon source. The culture supernatants of Escherichia coli expressing three clones that were derived from the enrichment culture that used crystalline cellulose showed activity against crystalline cellulose. In addition, these three enzyme solutions generated a reducing sugar from cedar wood powder. From these results, the construction of a metagenomic library from cultures that were repetition enriched using crystalline cellulose demonstrated that this technique is a powerful tool for obtaining cellulases that have activity toward crystalline cellulose.