bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacillus subtilis genome vector-based complete manipulation and reconstruction of genomic DNA for mouse transgenesis
Authors: Iwata Tetsuo , Kaneko Shinya , Shiwa Yuh , Enomoto Takayuki , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Hirota Junji 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
The Bacillus subtilis genome (BGM) vector is a novel cloning system for large DNA fragments, in which the entire 4.2 Mb genome of B. subtilis functions as a vector. The BGM vector system has several attractive properties, such as a large cloning capacity of over 3 Mb, stable propagation of cloned DNA and various modification strategies using RecA-mediated homologous recombination. However, genetic modifications using the BGM vector system have not been fully established, and this system has not been applied to transgenesis. In this study, we developed important additions to the genetic modification methods of the BGM vector system. To explore the potential of the BGM vector, we focused on the fish-like odorant receptor (class I OR) gene family, which consists of 158 genes and forms a single gene cluster. Although a cis-acting locus control region is expected to regulate transcription, this has not yet been determined experimentally.

Results
Using two contiguous bacterial artificial chromosome clones containing several class I OR genes, we constructed two transgenes in the BGM vector by inserting a reporter gene cassette into one class I OR gene. Because they were oriented in opposite directions, we performed an inversion modification to align their orientation and then fused them to enlarge the genomic structure. DNA sequencing revealed that no mutations occurred during gene manipulations with the BGM vector. We further demonstrated that the modified, reconstructed genomic DNA fragments could be used to generate transgenic mice. Transgenic mice carrying the enlarged transgene recapitulated the expression and axonal projection patterns of the target class I OR gene in the main olfactory system.

Conclusion
We offer a complete genetic modification method for the BGM vector system, including insertion, deletion, inversion and fusion, to engineer genomic DNA fragments without any trace of modifications. In addition, we demonstrate that this system can be used for mouse transgenesis. Thus, the BGM vector system can be an alternative platform for engineering large DNA fragments in addition to conventional systems such as bacterial and yeast artificial chromosomes. Using this system, we provide the first experimental evidence of a cis-acting element for a class I OR gene.
Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of corilagin in a rat model of acute cholestasis
Authors: Jin Feng , Cheng Du , Tao Jun-Yan , Zhang Shu-Ling , Pang Ran , Guo Yuan-Jin , Ye Pian , Dong Ji-Hua , Zhao Lei 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Nowadays, treatments for cholestasis remain largely nonspecific and often ineffective. Recent studies showed that inflammatory injuries and oxidative stress occur in the liver with cholestasis. In this study, we would use corilagin to treat the animal model of acute cholestasis in order to define the activity to interfere with inflammation-related and oxidative stress pathway in cholestatic pathogenesis.

Methods
Rats were administrated with alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate to establish model of cholestasis and divided into corilagin, ursodeoxycholic acid, dexamethasone, model and normal groups with treatment of related agent. At 24h, 48h and 72h time points after administration, living condition, serum markers of liver damage, pathological changes of hepatic tissue, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) were examined and observed.

Results
Compared to model group, corilagin had remarkable effect on living condition, pathological manifestation of liver tissue, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, (P<0.01), but no effect on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). With corilagin intervention, levels of MPO, MDA and translocation of NF-κB were notably decreased, and levels of SOD and NO were markedly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).

Conclusions
It is shown that corilagin is a potential component to relieve cholestasis through inflammation-related and oxidation-related pathway.
The role of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases in canine lymphoma: in vivo and in vitro study
Authors: Aricò Arianna , Giantin Mery , Gelain Maria Elena , Riondato Fulvio , Comazzi Stefano , Rütgen Barbara C , Essler Sabine E , Dacasto Mauro , Castagnaro Massimo , Aresu Luca 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Canine lymphoma represents the most frequent haematopoietic cancer and it shares some similarities with human non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play a coordinated role during invasion and proliferation of malignant cells; however, little is known about their role in canine haematologic malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the mRNA and protein expression of VEGF and the most relevant MMPs in canine lymphoma. Lymph node aspirates from 26 B-cell and 21 T-cell lymphomas were collected. The protein expression levels of MMP-9, MMP-2 and VEGF-A were evaluated by immunocytochemistry, and the mRNA levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, MT1-MMP, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, RECK, VEGF-A and VEGF-164 were measured using quantitative RT-PCR.

Results
MT1-MMP, TIMP-1 and RECK mRNA levels were significantly higher in T-cell lymphomas than in B-cell lymphomas. Higher mRNA and protein levels of MMP-9 and VEGF-A were observed in T-cell lymphomas than in B-cell lymphomas and healthy control lymph nodes. A positive correlation was found between MMP-9 and VEGF-A in T-cell lymphomas. Moreover, MMP-9, MT1-MMP, TIMP-1 and VEGF-A were expressed at the highest levels in high-grade T-cell lymphomas.

Conclusions
This study provides new information on the expression of different MMPs and VEGF in canine lymphoma, suggesting a possible correlation between different MMPs and VEGF, immunophenotype and prognosis.
Correlation of the oxygen radical activity and antioxidants and severity in critically ill surgical patients – study protocol
Authors: Shim Hongjin , Jang Ji Young , Lee Seung Hwan , Lee Jae Gil 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Surgical patients who require an emergent operation commonly have severe sepsis or septic shock, followed by high morbidity and mortality rates.
Despite advances in treatment however, no predictable markers are available. In severe sepsis, many pathophysiologic mechanisms are involved in progression to organ failure, and oxygen free radical and antioxidants are known to contribute to this process. Oxygen free radical and antioxidants contribute to progression of organ failure in severe sepsis. In fact, oxygen radical activity has been reported to be correlated with disease severity and prognosis in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Accordingly, we aim to assess the usefulness of oxygen free radical and antioxidant concentrations to predict the disease severity and mortality in a cohort of critically ill surgical patients.

Methods/Design
This is a prospective observation study including patient demographic characteristics, clinical information, blood sampling/serum oxygen radical activity, serum antioxidant activity, serum antioxidant concentrations (zinc, selenium and glutamate), disease severity scores, outcomes, lengths of stay in intensive care unit, hospital 30-day mortality.
Optimization of human corneal endothelial cell culture: density dependency of successful cultures in vitro
Authors: Peh Gary SL , Toh Kah-Peng , Ang Heng-Pei , Seah Xin-Yi , George Benjamin L , Mehta Jodhbir S 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Global shortage of donor corneas greatly restricts the numbers of corneal transplantations performed yearly. Limited ex vivo expansion of primary human corneal endothelial cells is possible, and a considerable clinical interest exists for development of tissue-engineered constructs using cultivated corneal endothelial cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the density-dependent growth of human corneal endothelial cells isolated from paired donor corneas and to elucidate an optimal seeding density for their extended expansion in vitro whilst maintaining their unique cellular morphology.

Results
Established primary human corneal endothelial cells were propagated to the second passage (P2) before they were utilized for this study. Confluent P2 cells were dissociated and seeded at four seeding densities: 2,500 cells per cm2 (‘LOW’); 5,000 cells per cm2 (‘MID’); 10,000 cells per cm2 (‘HIGH’); and 20,000 cells per cm2 (‘HIGH×2’), and subsequently analyzed for their propensity to proliferate. They were also subjected to morphometric analyses comparing cell sizes, coefficient of variance, as well as cell circularity when each culture became confluent. At the two lower densities, proliferation rates were higher than cells seeded at higher densities, though not statistically significant. However, corneal endothelial cells seeded at lower densities were significantly larger in size, heterogeneous in shape and less circular (fibroblastic-like), and remained hypertrophic after one month in culture. Comparatively, cells seeded at higher densities were significantly homogeneous, compact and circular at confluence. Potentially, at an optimal seeding density of 10,000 cells per cm2, it is possible to obtain between 10 million to 25 million cells at the third passage. More importantly, these expanded human corneal endothelial cells retained their unique cellular morphology.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated a density dependency in the culture of primary human corneal endothelial cells. Sub-optimal seeding density results in a decrease in cell saturation density, as well as a loss in their proliferative potential. As such, we propose a seeding density of not less than 10,000 cells per cm2 for regular passage of primary human corneal endothelial cells.
Meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam prescribing in critically ill patients: does augmented renal clearance affect pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment when extended infusions are used?
Authors: Carlier Mieke , Carrette Sofie , Roberts Jason A , Stove Veronique , Verstraete Alain , Hoste Eric , Depuydt Pieter , Decruyenaere Johan , Lipman Jeffrey , Wallis Steven C , De Waele Jan J 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Background
Correct antibiotic dosing remains a challenge for the clinician. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of augmented renal clearance on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment in critically ill patients receiving meropenem or piperacillin/tazobactam, administered as an extended infusion.

Methods
This was a prospective, observational, pharmacokinetic study executed at the medical and surgical intensive care unit at a large academic medical center. Elegible patients were adult patients without renal dysfunction receiving meropenem or piperacillin/tazobactam as an extended infusion. Serial blood samples were collected to describe the antibiotic pharmacokinetics. Urine samples were taken from a 24-hour collection to measure creatinine clearance. Relevant data were drawn from the electronic patient file and the intensive care information system.

Results
We obtained data from 61 patients and observed extensive pharmacokinetic variability. Forty-eight percent of the patients did not achieve the desired pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target (100% f T>MIC), of which almost 80% had a measured creatinine clearance >130 mL/min. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that high creatinine clearance was an independent predictor of not achieving the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target. Seven out of nineteen patients (37%) displaying a creatinine clearance >130 mL/min did not achieve the minimum pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target of 50% f T>MIC.

Conclusions
In this large patient cohort, we observed significant variability in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment in critically ill patients. A large proportion of the patients without renal dysfunction, most of whom displayed a creatinine clearance >130 mL/min, did not achieve the desired pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target, even with the use of alternative administration methods. Consequently, these patients may be at risk for treatment failure without dose up-titration.
Les effondrements de carrières de Paris : La grande réforme des années 1770
Authors: Le Roux Thomas 
Published: May 2013

Dans les années 1770, Paris dut faire face à une série d’effondrements des carrières à pierre et à plâtre situées sous la ville. Si les divers accidents ne tuèrent qu’une vingtaine de personnes, l’évaluation des risques et les alertes qui circulaient dans l’espace public provoquèrent une réforme administrative d’une grande importance. En quelques années, la gestion des risques des carrières passa du bureau des Finances à la Lieutenance générale de police. Ce transfert eut plusieurs implications majeures : les procédures judiciaires s’effacèrent au profit de procédures administratives plus expéditives, la gestion financière de l’entreprise des carrières fut clairement connectée aux politiques d’urgence et de risques, l’expertise scientifique et la médiatisation de la catastrophe intégrèrent les pratiques policières, enfin une politique de soutien aux victimes fut mise en place. Autant d’éléments qui permettent de lire cette réforme comme celle d’une modernisation de l’Etat à un moment de fortes tensions dans l’art de la gouvernance.
In the 1770s Paris faced a series of collapses of stone and plaster quarries beneath the city. Although the various accidents killed only about twenty people, the resultant warnings and risk assessments that circulated in the public sphere generated an administrative reform of great importance. Within a few years quarries risk management moved from the Bureau des Finances to the Lieutenance Générale de Police. This transfer had several major consequences: judicial proceedings faded in favor of more expeditious administrative procedures, financial management of the quarries business became more clearly connected to emergency and risk policies, scientific expertise and media coverage integrated the police practices of disaster regulation, and finally a victim relief policy was implemented. All of these developments allow us to read this reform as the modernization of the state at a time of high tension in the art of governance.
Place Matters: Mortality, Space, and Urban Form in the 2003 Paris Heat Wave Disaster
Authors: Keller Richard C. 
Published: May 2013

The devastating heat wave of August 2003 killed nearly fifteen thousand people in France, including more than a thousand in Paris alone. The social histories of many of these victims draw attention to the links between place and vulnerability in the urban environment, as well as their historical particularities. Housing conditions influenced a geography of vulnerability during the catastrophe. This essay focuses on this problem with attention to the particular population that, while “housed,” lives on the precipice of homelessness. Investigating the everyday lives and deaths of these victims demonstrates the critical importance of the geographic dimensions of risk in the urban landscape, as well as the historical development of the place-based vulnerabilities that the disaster cast in high relief.
La vague de chaleur meurtrière d’août 2003 a entraîné la mort de presque 15 000 personnes en France, dont plus d’un millier dans la capitale. L’histoire sociale de nombreuses victimes de la canicule découvre les liens étroits entre les lieux de résidence et la vulnérabilité dans l’environnement urbain, ainsi que leurs particularités historiques. Les conditions de logement ont eu une influence profonde sur la géographie de la vulnérabilité pendant la catastrophe. Cet article a pour but de mettre en évidence ce problème grâce à sa focalisation sur une population qui, bien qu’elle soit « logée », vit dans une condition de précarité absolue. Une enquête sur la vie quotidienne et la mort anonyme de ces victimes peut souligner l’importance critique des dimensions géographiques du risque dans le paysage urbain ainsi que le développement historique des vulnérabilités locales que la canicule a montrées.
Effect of Surface Chemisorption between Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrene sulfonate) and Ag Nanoparticles on the Conductivity of the Nanocomposite Film
Authors: Wang Seok-Joo , Choi Yong-June , Yoo Byungwook , Kim Yong-Hoon , Park Hyung-Ho 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The effects of Ag nanoparticle (NP) incorporation on the bonding state and electronic properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films were investigated. Surface stabilization of the Ag NPs by trisodium citrate effectively prevented aggregation of the Ag NPs. The introduction of Ag NPs induced PEDOT moieties as chemisorption centers. The resulting PEDOT-rich film surface with Ag NPs was responsible for the enhanced film conductivity and decreased work function of the Ag NP–PEDOT:PSS film.
Facile Synthesis of Hollow Core–Porous Shell Structure Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Microfibers Using a Simple Microfluidic System
Authors: Song Minyung , Cho Sung-rheb , Chang Suk Tai 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Hollow core polyacrylonitrile (PAN) microfibers with nano- and microporosity are synthesized based on the regeneration of PAN from dimethyl sulfoxide in a hydrodynamic flow-focusing microfluidic device. This technique is a fast and one-step approach to fabricate such core–shell microfibers. The fiber size (20–45 µm) and the nanopore size (90–300 nm) are well controllable by simply changing core–sheath flow rate and PAN concentration.
Dynamic alteration of regional cerebral blood flow during carotid compression and proof of reversibility
Authors: Asahi Kouichi , Hori M , Hamasaki N , Sato S , Nakanishi H , Kuwatsuru R , Sasai K , Aoki S 
Published: May 2013

Background It is difficult to non-invasively visualize changes in regional cerebral blood flow caused by manual compression of the carotid artery. Purpose To visualize dynamic changes in regional cerebral blood flow during and after manual compression of the carotid artery. Material and Methods Two healthy volunteers were recruited. Anatomic features and flow directions in the circle of Willis were evaluated with time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and two-dimensional phase-contrast (2DPC) MRA, respectively. Regional cerebral blood flow was visualized with territorial arterial spin-labeling magnetic resonance imaging (TASL-MRI). TASL-MRI and 2DPC-MRA were performed in three states: at rest, during manual compression of the right carotid artery, and after decompression. In one volunteer, time-space labeling inversion pulse (Time-SLIP) MRA was performed to confirm collateral flow. Results During manual carotid compression, in one volunteer, the right thalamus changed to be fed only by the vertebrobasilar system, and the right basal ganglia changed to be fed by the left internal carotid artery. In the other volunteer, the right basal ganglia changed to be fed by the vertebrobasilar system. 2DPC-MRA showed that the flow direction changed in the right A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery and the right posterior communicating artery. Perfusion patterns and flow directions recovered after decompression. Time-SLIP MRA showed pial vessels and dural collateral circulation when the right carotid artery was manually compressed. Conclusion Use of TASL-MRI and 2DPC-MRA was successful for non-invasive visualization of the dynamic changes in regional cerebral blood flow during and after manual carotid compression.
Crystal structure of 1'-methoxy-7a',8-dimethyldecahydro-1'H[7,9amethanocyclohepta[ c]pyran-4,4'-isobenzofuran]-1,9(3H,4aH)-dione, C21H30O5
Authors: Zou Juan , Li Qi-Ji , Zhang Qi-Long , Zhang Jing-Jie , Pan Lu-Tai 
Published: May 2013

Abstract C21H30O5, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 7.396(1) Å, b = 11.650(2) Å, c = 11.440(2) Å, β = 108.155(4)°, V = 936.7 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0398, wRref(F2) = 0.1032, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of bis[4-(5-amino-3-carboxy-1-cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro- 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-7-yl)-2,6-dimethylpiperazin-1-ium]benzene- 1,4-dicarboxylate, (C19H23F2N4O3)2+(C8H4O4)–, C23H25F2N4O5
Authors: Zhu Ling , Zhao Xin-Hua 
Published: May 2013

Abstract C23H25F2N4O5, triclinic, P1¯ (no. 2), a = 7.397(1) Å, b = 9.649(1) Å, c = 15.361(2) Å, α = 89.30(1)°, β = 79.57(1)°, γ = 86.40(1)°, V = 1076.1 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0503, wRref(F2) = 0.1532, T = 296 K.
The Historical Dynamics of Mexico’s Groundwater Crisis in La Laguna
Authors: Wolfe Mikael 
Published: May 2013

This article examines the historical dynamics by which Mexico’s groundwater resources were knowingly depleted and contaminated from the 1930s to the 1960s. Using the paradigmatic arid north central “Laguna” region as case study, it documents how Mexican engineers alternately warned of the dangers of aquifer depletion and profited from the business opportunities “Mexicanization” of groundwater pumping technology provided via Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)—a conflict-of-interest which symbolized the tension between advancing techno-scientific knowledge of natural processes and capitalist state formation in postrevolutionary Mexico. The central argument is that this irresolvable contradiction rendered the expert informed and officially acknowledged need for groundwater conservation well nigh impossible vis-à-vis state, private and popular demand for the resource, whether fueled by Lázaro Cárdenas’ radical agrarian reform in the 1930s—for which the Laguna served as emblem—or commercial agriculture thereafter.
Este artículo examina la dinámica histórica que condujo al agotamiento y la contaminación intencionados de los recursos hídricos subterráneos de México entre las décadas de 1930 y 1960. Mediante el estudio de caso de la paradigmática y árida región central del Norte, La Laguna, el artículo documenta cómo los ingenieros mexicanos advirtieron de los peligros del agotamiento acuífero al tiempo que se beneficiaron de las oportunidades de negocio que brindaba la “mexicanización” de la tecnología de extracción del agua subterránea por vía de la Industrialización por Sustitución de Importaciones (ISI): un conflicto de intereses que simbolizó la tensión entre el avance del conocimiento tecnocientífico sobre los procesos naturales y la formación del Estado capitalista en el México postrevolucionario. El argumento central es que esta contradicción insalvable originó la necesidad de conservar los acuíferos subterráneos, avalada por los expertos y oficialmente reconocida, muy cerca de lo imposible vis-à-vis con la demanda estatal, privada y popular del recurso, ya fuera alentada por la reforma agraria radical de Lázaro Cárdenas en la década de 1930—para la cual La Laguna sirvió como emblema—o posteriormente por la agricultura comercial.