bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Papillary Muscle Infarction by Cardiac MRI in Patients With Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Hou Jie , Sun Yu , Wang Huishan , Zhang Libo , Yang Benqiang 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPapillary muscle (PM) infarction (PMI) detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is associated with poor outcomes. Whether PM parameters provide more value for mitral regurgitation (MR) management currently remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the prognostic value of PMI using CMR in patients with MR.MethodsBetween March 2018 and July 2023, we retrospectively enrolled 397 patients with MR undergoing CMR. CMR was used to detect PMI qualitatively and quantitively. We also collected baseline clinical, echocardiography, and follow‐up data.ResultsOf the 397 patients with MR (52.4 ± 13.9 years), 117 (29.5%) were assigned to the PMI group, with 280 (70.5%) in the non‐PMI group. PMI was demonstrated more in the posteromedial PM (PM‐PM, 98/117) than in the anterolateral PM (AL‐PM, 45/117). Compared with patients without PMI, patients with PMI had a decreased AL‐PM (41.5 ± 5.4 vs. 45.6 ± 5.3)/PM‐PM diastolic length (35.0 ± 5.2 vs. 37.9 ± 4.0), PM‐longitudinal strain (LS, 20.4 ± 6.1 vs. 24.9 ± 4.6), AL‐PM‐LS (19.7 ± 6.8 vs. 24.7 ± 5.6)/PM‐PM‐LS (21.2 ± 7.9 vs. 25.2 ± 6.0), and increased inter‐PM distance (25.7 ± 8.0 vs. 22.7 ± 6.2, all p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analyses identified male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 3.65, 95% confidence interval = 1.881−7.081, p < 0.001) diabetes mellitus (OR/95% CI/p = 2.534/1.13–5.68/0.024), AL‐PM diastolic length (OR/95% CI/p = 0.841/0.77–0.92/< 0.001), PM‐PM diastolic length (OR/95% CI/p = 0.873/0.79–0.964/0.007), inter‐PM distance (OR/95% CI/p = 1.087/1.028–1.15/0.003), AL‐PM‐LS (OR/95% CI/p = 0.892/0.843–0.94/< 0.001), and PM‐PM‐LS (OR/95% CI/p = 0.95/0.9–0.992/0.021) as independently associated with PMI. Over a 769 ± 367‐day follow‐up, 100 (25.2%) patients had arrhythmia. Cox regression analyses indicated that PMI (hazard ratio [HR]/95% CI/p = 1.644/1.062–2.547/0.026), AL‐PM‐LS (HR/95% CI/p = 0.937/0.903–0.973/0.001), and PM‐PM‐LS (HR/95% CI/p = 0.933/0.902–0.965/< 0.001) remained independently associated with MR.ConclusionsThe CMR‐derived PMI and LS parameters improve the evaluation of PM dysfunction, indicating a high risk for arrhythmia, and provide additive risk stratification for patients with MR.
Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonists and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With and Without Diabetes: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized‐Controlled Trials
Authors: Hosseinpour Alireza , Sood Aayushi , Kamalpour Jahangir , Zandi Ehsan , Pakmehr SeyedAbbas , Hosseinpour Hamidreza , Sood Akshit , Agrawal Ankit , Gupta Rahul 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) have shown encouraging results regarding cardiovascular outcomes mainly in patients with diabetes. In the present study, we compared the efficacy of GLP‐1 RAs in cardiovascular events between patients with and without diabetes.MethodsAfter finding eligible studies assessing the impact of GLP‐1 RAs on cardiovascular events in patients with and without diabetes using a systematic search, we performed a meta‐analysis on randomized‐controlled trials (RCTs) comparing cardiovascular outcomes between patients taking GLP‐1 RAs and placebo stratified by the presence or absence of diabetes. Relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were set as the reporting effect size using the random‐effects model.ResultsA total of 24 RCTs (50 033 with GLP‐1 RAs and 44 514 with placebo) were included. Patients on GLP‐1 RAs had lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.82−0.93), cardiovascular death (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82−0.94), myocardial infarction (MI) (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77−0.97), stroke (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80−0.92), and hospitalization for heart failure (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83−0.98). Both subgroups were shown to be effective in terms of MACE and mortality. Nondiabetic patients had decreased risk of hospitalization for heart failure and MI, whereas the diabetic subgroup had marginally nonsignificant efficacy.ConclusionThe findings of this meta‐analysis indicated that patients who are overweight/obese but do not have diabetes have a comparable reduction in the risk of adverse cardiovascular events as those with diabetes. These results need to be confirmed further by large‐scale randomized trials in the future.
Description of the local hemodynamic environment in intracranial aneurysm wall subdivisions
Authors: Karnam Yogesh , Mut Fernando , Yu Alexander K. , Cheng Boyle , Amin‐Hanjani Sepideh , Charbel Fady T. , Woo Henry H. , Niemelä Mika , Tulamo Riikka , Jahromi Behnam Rezai , Frösen Juhana , Tobe Yasutaka , Robertson Anne M. , Cebral Juan R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntracranial aneurysms (IAs) pose severe health risks influenced by hemodynamics. This study focuses on the intricate characterization of hemodynamic conditions within the IA walls and their influence on bleb development, aiming to enhance understanding of aneurysm stability and the risk of rupture. The methods emphasized utilizing a comprehensive dataset of 359 IAs and 213 IA blebs from 268 patients to reconstruct patient‐specific vascular models, analyzing blood flow using finite element methods to solve the unsteady Navier–Stokes equations, the segmentation of aneurysm wall subregions and the hemodynamic metrics wall shear stress (WSS), its metrics, and the critical points in WSS fields were computed and analyzed across different aneurysm subregions defined by saccular, streamwise, and topographical divisions. The results revealed significant variations in these metrics, correlating distinct hemodynamic environments with wall features on the aneurysm walls, such as bleb formation. Critical findings indicated that regions with low WSS and high OSI, particularly in the body and central regions of aneurysms, are prone to conditions that promote bleb formation. Conversely, areas exposed to high WSS and positive divergence, like the aneurysm neck, inflow, and outflow regions, exhibited a different but substantial risk profile for bleb development, influenced by flow impingements and convergences. These insights highlight the complexity of aneurysm behavior, suggesting that both high and low‐shear environments can contribute to aneurysm pathology through distinct mechanisms.
Physicochemical and Adsorption Properties of Nanoporous Activated Biocarbons from Thermochemical Treatment of Horsetail Herb
Authors: Wiśniewska Małgorzata , Nowicki Piotr , Urban Teresa , Gun'ko Volodymyr M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, the adsorption characteristics of novel activated biocarbons prepared from horsetail herb (a popular and troublesome weed) by physical activation (using carbon dioxide) and chemical one (using phosphoric(V) acid) in the process of simultaneous proteins immobilization in multicomponent solutions were examined. The carbon materials were characterized in terms of their porous structure, acidic‐basic properties, and surface morphology. The binding mechanisms of such proteins as bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (LSZ), differing in internal stability, were determined alone and in their blends. This was done based on the comprehensive analysis of the results of adsorption/desorption, surface, electrokinetic and stability measurements. These experiments were carried out over a wide pH range of 3–11. They included the following issues: (1) determination of the protein adsorbed/desorbed amounts on/from a surface of activated biocarbons; (2) study of the kinetics of these processes; (3) examination of the macromolecules impact on the surface charge density and zeta potential of the carbon materials; and (4) determination of the suspension stability and size of aggregates formed in the examined systems. The analysis of the obtained results indicated the differences in the binding mechanism of both proteins that is of key importance for their simultaneous immobilization on activated biocarbons surface in the soil environment.
Environmental performance and firm performance in Europe: The moderating role of board governance
Authors: Dohrmann Marcel , Martinez‐Blasco Monica , Moring Andreas , Margarit Jordi Cuadros 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research presents novel insights into the relationship between environmental performance and firm performance, focusing on the moderating role of board governance. Unlike the single‐dimensional examination in previous studies, we examine five board variables collectively in our moderator analysis. Employing ordinary least squares regression and a series of robustness tests, we investigate 582 European listed firms across various industries from 2016 to 2021. Our findings reveal a positive influence of environmental performance on firm performance, measured by Tobin's Q and ROA. Furthermore, we find that board independence, gender diversity and audit committee independence moderate this relationship. To address potential endogeneity issues, we employ GMM modelling. This study significantly contributes to the environmental performance and firm performance literature by offering evidence on the moderating role of board mechanisms. Moreover, it offers valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners, highlighting the need to monitor corporate boards for improved environmental and financial outcomes.
Highly Efficient and Reversible Carbon Dioxide Capture by Carbanion‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhang Zhaowei , Mao Weiqi , Wang Kaili , Jiang Lili , Wang Shenyao , Li Haoran , Wang Congmin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to the active unstable nature of carbon anions, it is challenging to develop carbanion‐functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) for efficient and reversible carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. Here, a series of carbanion‐based ILs with large conjugated structures were designed and a promising system was achieved through tuning the nucleophilicity of carbanions and screening the cation. The ideal carbanion‐functionalized IL trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium N,N‐diethycyanoacetoamide ([P66614][DECA]) showed equimolar chemisorption of CO2 ( up to 0.98 mol CO2/mol IL) under ambient pressure and excellent absorption rate. What′s more, the combined CO2 can be released easily, leading to excellent reversibility due to high stability of anion conjugated structures. More importantly, the presence of water had negligible effect on the absorption capacity, which makes it potential to be applied to the CO2 capture in industrial flue gas. The chemisorption mechanism of the carbanion and CO2 was confirmed by spectroscopic investigations and DFT calculations, where carboxylic acid product was formed through proton transfer after the carbanions reacted with CO2. Considering that high capacity, quick rate as well as excellent reversibility, these carbanion‐functionalized ILs should certainly represent competitive candidates for further scale up and practical application in CO2 capture.
Unique practices in teaching affective learning in a higher education applied curriculum
Authors: Mais‐Thompson Evora , Brown Byron , Paul Nanibala 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAffective learning is important for the holistic development of students. Yet, not much is reported about how it is achieved in the higher education classroom. The purpose of this paper was to appraise the Hospitality and Tourism Management curriculum and pedagogical practices being utilized to deliver affective learning outcomes in Community Colleges in Jamaica. Adopting a qualitative tradition, involving analysis of the hospitality and tourism curriculum documents and personal interviews of 35 purposively selected academic and non‐academic participants, the study found that while affective learning practices were infused in pedagogy, the educational activities were not linked to clearly defined learning outcomes in the formal curriculum. Cognitive learning outcomes dominated the formal curriculum. Students' access to affective learning experience was facilitated through an improvised informal curriculum, that is, learning experiences that occurred outside the planned curriculum. The article theorized that design flaws in the planned curriculum contributed to the experience. This research has implications for staff professional development, practical‐based subject curriculum design and for standard setters who monitor alignment between higher education and industry requirements.
Neural Responses to Auditory Food Stimuli Following Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Binge‐Eating Disorder
Authors: Chao Ariana M. , Agarwal Khushbu , Zhou Yingjie , Grilo Carlos M. , Gur Ruben C. , Joseph Paule , Shinohara Russell T. , Richmond Therese S. , Wadden Thomas A. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAdults with binge‐eating disorder (BED), compared with those without BED, demonstrate higher blood‐oxygen–level‐dependent (BOLD) response to food cues in reward‐related regions of the brain. It is not known whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can reverse this reward system hyperactivation. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed changes in BOLD response to binge‐eating cues following CBT versus wait‐list control (WLC).MethodFemales with BED (N = 40) were randomized to CBT or WLC. Participants completed assessments at baseline and 16 weeks including measures of eating and appetite and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure BOLD response while listening to personalized scripts of binge‐eating and neutral‐relaxing cues. Data were analyzed using general linear models with mixed effects.ResultsOverall retention rate was 87.5%. CBT achieved significantly greater reductions in binge‐eating episodes than WLC (mean ± standard error decline of 14.6 ± 2.7 vs. 5.7 ± 2.8 episodes in the past 28 days, respectively; p = 0.03). CBT and WLC did not differ significantly in changes in neural responses to binge‐eating stimuli during the fMRI sessions. Compared with WLC, CBT had significantly greater improvements in reward‐based eating drive, disinhibition, and hunger as assessed by questionnaires (ps < 0.05).DiscussionCBT was effective in reducing binge eating, but, contrary to our hypothesis, CBT did not improve BOLD response to auditory binge‐eating stimuli in reward regions of the brain. Further studies are needed to assess mechanisms underlying improvements with CBT for BED.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03604172
Insights into breast health issues in women's rugby
Authors: Wakefield‐Scurr Joanna , St John Edward , Bibby Kilian , Renwick Nichola , Smith Neal , Hobbs Samantha , Brown Nicola 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWorld RugbyTM supports dedicated women's welfare, injury surveillance and medical/technical interventions, yet breast health has received limited attention. This article aims to provide insights into breast health issues in rugby, including breast impacts and injuries. We discuss how breast anatomy and position may be problematic in rugby. Breast volume relates to body size, which may be increasing in women's rugby, suggesting increased breast surface area and mass, potentially increasing injury risk. Breast health issues in rugby have been reported previously, with 58% of contact footballers (including rugby) experiencing breast injuries. There are damaging effects related to these breast health issues, with breast impacts often causing pain and swelling. Breast impacts may lead to haematomas, cysts and fat necrosis which can calcify over time making them difficult to distinguish from breast carcinoma, causing further investigation and anxiety. In sport, poor bra fit and insufficient support are associated with pain, skin strain and performance decrements. This article reports the potential implications of these breast health issues on performance in rugby. Recent breast‐related projects supported by rugby communities may address recommendations identified in the literature for robust breast injury classifications, updated injury surveillance systems and prospective data collection on breast injury prevalence, severity and impact in rugby. These data should inform breast injury care pathways and intervention research, including evidence‐based bra design. Understanding the implications of breast impacts on tissue properties, health and wellbeing is vital. Finally, data should inform rugby‐specific breast education, raising awareness of this aspect of athlete health.
Clinical characteristics and multimodal imaging can help diagnosing and treating mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia and epilepsy
Authors: Dimova Petia S. , Metodiev Dimitar , Todorov Tihomir , Todorova Albena , Gabrovski Kaloyan , Karazapryanov Peter , Penkov Marin , Todorov Yuri , Milenova Yoana , Stoyanova Denitza , Minkin Krassimir 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveMild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia and epilepsy (MOGHE) is a recently described, histopathologically and molecularly defined (SLC35A2‐mutated) type of cortical malformation. Although increasingly recognized, the diagnosis of MOGHE remains a challenge. We present the characteristics of the first six patients diagnosed in Bulgaria, with the aim to facilitate identification, proper presurgical evaluation, and surgical treatment approach in this disease.MethodsRevision of histopathological specimens of 202 patients operated on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy identified four cases with MOGHE. Another two were suggested, based on clinical characteristics and subsequently, were histologically confirmed. Sanger SLC35A2 sequencing on paraffin‐embedded or fresh‐frozen brain tissue was performed. Analysis of seizure types, neuropsychological profiles, electroencephalographic (EEG), imaging features and epilepsy surgery outcomes was done.ResultsThree out of the six cases (50%) harbored pathogenic SLC35A2 mutations. One patient had a heterozygous somatic variant with uncertain significance. Clinical characteristics included epilepsy onset in infancy (in 100% under 3 years of age), multiple seizure types, and moderate or severe intellectual/developmental delay. Epileptic spasms with hypsarrhythmia on EEG were the initial seizure type in five patients. The subsequent seizure types resembled those in Lennox–Gastaut syndrome. The majority of the patients (n = 4) presented prominent and persisting autistic features. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multilobar (n = 6) and bilateral (n = 3) lesions, affecting the frontal lobes (n = 5; bilaterally in three) and characterized by increased signal on T2/fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR). Voxel‐based morphometric MRI post‐processing and positron emission tomography helped determining the localization and extent of the lesions and presumed epileptogenic zones. After surgery, four patients (66.7%) were seizure‐free ≥2 years. Interestingly, all seizure‐free patients carried somatic SLC35A2‐alterations.SignificanceEpileptic spasms, early prominent neuropsychological disturbances, MRI‐T2/FLAIR hyperintense lesions with cortico‐subcortical blurring, frequently multilobar and especially frontal, can preoperatively help to suspect MOGHE. Epilepsy surgery is still the only successful treatment option in MOGHE.
The role of ceria in promoting Ni catalysts supported on phosphate‐modified zirconia for the partial oxidation of methane
Authors: Abahussain Abdulaziz A. M. , Al‐Fatesh Ahmed S. , Vadodariya Dharmesh M. , Abu‐Dahrieh Jehad K. , Banabdwin Khaled M. , Alarifi Naif , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Fakeeha Anis H. , Abasaeed Ahmed E. , Kumar Rawesh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe catalytic partial oxidation of methane (POM) is aimed at the mitigation of CH4 (a highly potent greenhouse gas) from the environment and the synthesis of syngas with a high H2/CO ratio. Herein, to enhance the POM reaction, Ni‐supported phosphate‐modified‐zirconia were synthesized with promotor “Ce” to achieve high H2/CO ratio (2.4–3.2). The catalysts were characterized by surface area and porosity, X‐ray diffraction, RAMAN, temperature‐programmed experiments (TPR, CO2‐TPD, and TPO), and TEM. Increasing the ceria addition over 10Ni/PO4 + ZrO2 resulted in lower crystallinity, higher dispersion of active sites, and enhanced the surface area of catalyst. The unique and prominent reducibility and basicity of NiO‐species and surface oxide ions, respectively, are particularly notable at 4 wt.% ceria loading. At a reaction temperature of 600°C, the highest concentration of active sites and a unique concentration of moderate strength basic sites can be achieved with 4 wt.% ceria loading over 10Ni/PO4 + ZrO2. This leads to 44% conversion of CH4, 36% yield of H2, 35% yield of CO2, and H2/CO ratio of 3.16 for the POM reaction. The cyclic H2TPR‐O2TPO‐H2TPR experiment confirms the reorganization of the active site towards high temperature under oxidizing gas O2 and reducing gas H2 gas stream during the POM reaction.
DFT simulations of photovoltaic parameters of dye‐sensitized solar cells with new efficient sensitizer of indolo[3, 2‐b]carbazole complexes
Authors: Khan Muhammad Usman , Anwar Abida , Hassan Abrar Ul , Alshehri Saad M. , Sohail Amir 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping economical and high‐performing sensitizers is crucial in advancing dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and optoelectronics. This research paper explores the potential of novel red light‐absorbing organic dyes based on Indolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (ICZ) as the donor applied in co‐sensitizer‐free DSSCs for breakthroughs in photovoltaic (PV) applications. DFT and TD‐DFT based computational methods were employed to calculate the conduction band levels, electron injection capabilities, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of metal‐free organic dyes (ICZ1–ICZ9) having D‐A‐π‐A architecture. Comprehensive analyses included NBO, DOS, FMO, ICT, MEP, binding energy, and TDM analysis. Quantum chemical calculations of the structural, photochemical, and electrochemical properties, as well as the key parameters, reveals that all the designed dyes could be an excellent candidate for high‐efficiency DSSCs due the small energy gap (2.130–1.947 eV), longer wavelength absorption (759.47–520.63 nm), longer lifetimes (15.65–6.67 ns), a lower ΔGreg (0.29–0.14 eV), a significant dipole moment changes (31.489–16.195D), LHE (0.95‐0.46), the large qCT (0.962–0.689), small DCT (7.657, 4.897 Å), and VOC (1.13–0.86 eV). This quantum simulation showed that, when compared to reference D8, the photovoltaic dyes ICZ8, ICZ2, and ICZ7 are recognized as being eye‐catching. Furthermore, dye@(TiO2)9 cluster model results demonstrate promising prospects for enhancing the photovoltaic (PV) performance of ICZ1–ICZ9 dyes by electron injection and conduction band (CB) engineering. This study will help the experimentalists for developing ICZ‐based PVs as more efficient and sustainable energy solutions.
Eco‐geographic and sexual variation of the ribcage in Homo sapiens
Authors: López‐Rey José M. , D'Angelo del Campo Manuel D. , Seldes Verónica , García‐Martínez Daniel , Bastir Markus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUp to now, Allen and Bergmann's rules have been studied in modern humans by analyzing differences in limb length, height, or body mass. However, there are no publications studying the effects of latitude in the 3D configuration of the ribcage. To assess this issue, we digitally reconstructed the ribcages of a balanced sample of 109 adult individuals of global distribution. Shape and size of the ribcage was quantified using geometric morphometrics. Our results show that the ribcage belonging to tropical individuals is smaller and slenderer compared to others living in higher latitudes, which is in line with Allen and Bergmann's rules and suggests an allometric relationship between size and shape. Although sexual dimorphism was observed in the whole sample, significant differences were only found in tropical populations. Our proposal is that, apart from potential sexual selection, avoiding heat loss might be the limiting factor for sexual dimorphism in cold‐adapted populations.