bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malocclusion, orthodontic treatment, and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14): Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Andiappan Manoharan , Gao Wei , Bernabé Eduardo , Kandala Ngianga-Bakwin , Donaldson Ana Nora 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTObjective: To synthesize evidence on the impact of malocclusion and its associated treatment on people's quality of life across studies that used the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire in the adult population.Materials and Methods: A systematic search of the English literature using Medline, PubMed, and EMBASE yielded 98 unique citations. Studies using OHIP-14 with individuals 15 years of age and older were included. After initial screening, 64 citations were excluded and another 9 were excluded after reading full text reports; the remaining 25 were included in the review. All studies were observational and used one of three study designs: 11 compared the same group before and after treatment (pre-post design), 10 compared groups with and without malocclusion (independent groups design) and four compared an orthodontically treated group with an independent group requiring treatment (treated-untreated groups design). Only three studies using the pre-post design and four using the independent groups design reported comparable OHIP-14 data and were combined in separate meta-analyses. Meta-analysis was carried out using metan command in Stata.Results: The standardized mean difference (SMD) in OHIP-14 total score was 1.29 (95% CI: 0.67 to 1.92) for the three studies using the pre-post design. Similarly, the SMD score was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.25 to 1.43) for the four studies using the independent groups design. There was evidence of high heterogeneity and publication bias among the studies included.Conclusions: This meta-analysis revealed that OHIP-14 scores were significantly lower after receiving treatment for malocclusion and in individuals without malocclusion/orthodontic treatment need compared to those with such condition (independent groups).
In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the evaluation of hepatic encephalopathy in dogs
Authors: Carrera Inés , Kircher Patrick R. , Meier Dieter , Richter Henning , Beckman Katrin , Dennler Matthias 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Objective—To investigate clinical use of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) and to compare metabolic brain bioprofiles of dogs with and without hepatic encephalopathy.
Animals—6 dogs with hepatic encephalopathy and 12 control dogs.
Procedures—Conventional MRI and single-voxel 1H MRS were performed with a 3-T magnet. Images for routine MRI planes and sequences were obtained. Single-voxel 1H MRS was performed with a point-resolved sequence with a short echo time (35 milliseconds) and voxel of interest placement at the level of the basal ganglia. Metabolites of interest included the glutamine-glutamate complex (sum quantification of glutamate and glutamine), myoinositol, N-acetyl aspartate, total choline, and creatine. Data were analyzed with postprocessing fitting algorithm software, and metabolite concentration relative to water and ratios with creatine as the reference metabolite were calculated.
Results—Compared with control dogs, dogs with hepatic encephalopathy had specific changes, which included significantly higher concentration relative to water of the glutamine-glutamate complex and significantly lower concentration of myoinositol. Choline and N-acetyl aspartate concentrations were also slightly lower in dogs with hepatic encephalopathy than in control dogs. No differences in creatine concentration were detected between groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—1H MRS aided in the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy in dogs, and findings supported the assumption that ammonia is a neurotoxin that manifests via glutamine-glutamate complex derangements. Use of 1H MRS may provide clinically relevant information in patients with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy, equivocal results of bile acids tests, and equivocal ammonia concentrations or may be helpful in monitoring efficacy of medical management.
Effect of small interfering RNAs on in vitro replication and gene expression of feline coronavirus
Authors: Anis Eman A. , Wilkes Rebecca P. , Kania Stephen A. , Legendre Alfred M. , Kennedy Melissa A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the ability of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to inhibit in vitro viral replication and gene expression of feline coronavirus (FCoV).
Sample—Cell cultures of Crandell-Rees feline kidney cells.
Procedures—5 synthetic siRNAs that each targeted a different region of the FCoV genome were tested individually and in various combinations for their antiviral effects against 2 strains of FCoV (feline infectious peritonitis virus WSU 79-1146 and feline enteric coronavirus WSU 79-1683) in cell cultures. Tested combinations targeted the FCoV leader and 3′ untranslated region, FCoV leader region and nucleocapsid gene, and FCoV leader region, 3′ untranslated region, and nucleocapsid gene. For each test condition, assessments included relative quantification of the inhibition of intracellular viral genomic RNA synthesis by means of real-time, reverse-transcription PCR analysis; flow cytometric evaluation of the reduction of viral protein expression in infected cells; and assessment of virus replication inhibition via titration of extracellular virus with a TCID50 infectivity assay.
Results—The 5 siRNAs had variable inhibitory effects on FCoV when used singly. Combinations of siRNAs that targeted different regions of the viral genome resulted in more effective viral inhibition than did individual siRNAs that targeted a single gene. The tested siRNA combinations resulted in approximately 95% reduction in viral replication (based on virus titration results), compared with findings in negative control, nontargeting siRNA–treated, FCoV-infected cells.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In vitro replication of FCoV was specifically inhibited by siRNAs that targeted coding and noncoding regions of the viral genome, suggesting a potential therapeutic application of RNA interference in treatment of feline infectious peritonitis.
Effect of endotoxin on leukocyte activation and migration into laminar tissue of isolated perfused equine limbs
Authors: Patan-Zugaj Bianca , Gauff Felicia C. , Plendl Johanna , Licka Theresia F. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Objective—To investigate effects of endotoxin on leukocyte activation and infiltration of the laminar tissue in isolated perfused equine limbs.
Sample—10 right forelimbs and 3 left forelimbs collected from 10 healthy adult horses after slaughter at a licensed abattoir.
Procedures—Isolated right forelimbs were randomly assigned to 2 groups (5 forelimbs/group): perfusion of the distal portion for 10 hours with 80 ng of endotoxin/L and perfusion under the same conditions without endotoxin. After perfusion, samples for immunohistochemical detection of leukocytes (by use of antibodies against calprotectin and myeloperoxidase) and transmission electron microscopy were collected from the laminar tissue of the dorsal aspect of the hooves. Additionally, control samples were collected from the 3 nonperfused left forelimbs.
Results—Samples of laminar tissue from the endotoxin perfusion group had significantly higher scores for calprotectin and myeloperoxidase staining than did control samples and samples perfused without endotoxin. Ultrastructural examination revealed endotoxin-induced damage of the epidermal basal cells with loss of cell contacts including hemidesmosomes and anchoring filaments and a resulting separation of parts of the basement membrane. Additionally, local breakdown of the basement membrane was detected at the location of leukocyte adherence.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In isolated perfused equine limbs, endotoxin at a clinically relevant concentration induced a distinct inflammatory reaction with intravascular and extravascular accumulation of leukocytes in the laminar tissue, similar to that seen during the developmental phase of laminitis. Therefore, endotoxin should be considered as a causative factor for some types of laminitis.
Clinical sensitivity and specificity of a real-time PCR assay for Campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis in preputial samples from bulls
Authors: Guerra Alvaro García , Chaban Bonnie , Hill Janet E. , Waldner Cheryl L. , Hendrick Steven H. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine clinical sensitivity and specificity of a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay for Campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis (Cfv) in preputial samples of bulls.
Animals—313 beef bulls.
Procedures—Preputial samples were collected from 300 virgin bulls and 13 Cfv-infected bulls. Specificity of the qRT-PCR assay, determined on the basis of results for samples collected from virgin bulls, was compared with specificity of bacteriologic culture performed with transport enrichment medium (TEM). Sensitivity of the qRT-PCR assay, determined on the basis of results for multiple samples collected at weekly intervals from infected bulls, was compared with sensitivity of the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT), bacteriologic culture, and bacteriologic culture with TEM.
Results—Specificity was 85% for the qRT-PCR assay and 100% for bacteriologic culture; results were significantly different. Mean sensitivity was 85.4% for the qRT-PCR assay, 82.3% for direct culture in blood agar, 72.1% for the DFAT, 32.7% for direct culture in Skirrow agar, 30% for bacteriologic culture with TEM and blood agar, and 38.1% for bacteriologic culture with TEM and Skirrow agar. Differences in sensitivity among tests varied with ambient outdoor temperature. Repeated sampling significantly increased sensitivity of the qRT-PCR assay.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of the qRT-PCR assay as a screening test on direct preputial samples had comparable sensitivity to bacteriologic culture, and repeated sampling improved sensitivity. Although improved performance of the qRT-PCR assay, compared with direct bacteriologic culture, was dependent on temperature, transport times that allow direct culture are unlikely under field conditions. The qRT-PCR assay would provide a fast and sensitive screening method for Cfv in bulls.
The Impact of Trust in Government on Tax Paying Behavior of Nonfarm Sole Proprietors
Authors: Birskyte Liucija 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The paper explores the relationship between the taxpayers’ trust in government and their willingness to pay taxes. When honored, trust promotes feelings of goodwill between individuals, strengthens democracy, and reduces transaction costs in economic exchange. Literature on government regulation finds that if citizens trust the government they are more likely to comply with laws and regulations. In this article, the index of trust in government calculated by the American National Elections Studies (ANES) and the AGI (adjusted gross income) gap produced by the Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) are used to test an empirical model if trust in government has a positive impact on tax compliance of the least compliant taxpayers group - nonfarm sole proprietors - controlling for the deterrent effects of tax enforcement. The results indicate that the higher trust in government improves tax compliance. The paper contributes to the existing literature on tax compliance by combining survey and statistical income reporting data to find evidence that perceptions about the trust in the government translate into actual tax payments
Capon Production – Breeding Stock, Rooster Castration And Rearing Methods, And Meat Quality – A Review
Authors: Calik Jolanta 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been an increased consumer interest in niche food products with special aroma and flavour, and rich in nutrients. Poland has a large (19 lines) and valuable collection of laying hens enrolled in the genetic resources conservation programme. Research to date has shown these hen breeds to vary in phenotype, productivity, and biological quality of hatching eggs and meat. A significant problem in using hens for both egg and meat production is that the number of unwanted cockerels increases with increasing intensity of egg production. This problem can be overcome by castration of cockerels. Roosters were sterilized long before Christ, first as a religious ritual and then to increase the body weight of birds. The qualities of capon meat were noticed much later when it turned out to be more delicate, juicy and tender compared to rooster meat. The aim of this paper was to review the literature on capon production, including the effects of castration on the bird’s body and on the quality of meat obtained.
Dry Period Length as Related to Milk Yield and SCC During the First Month of Subsequent Lactation
Authors: Sawa Anna , Krężel-Czopek Sylwia , Bogucki Mariusz 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Analysis was made of the effect of dry period length in primiparous and multiparous cows on daily milk yield during the first month of subsequent lactation and on milk somatic cell count (SCC) on the basis of the information about the test-day milkings of 59 138 cows. The GLM and FREQ procedures of the SAS package were used in the statistical calculations. Dry period length in the primiparous and multiparous cows had a significant effect (P≤0.01) on daily milk yield and udder health, determined based on SCC. In terms of milk yield, the most favourable dry period would be 51-70 days for both primiparous and multiparous cows. Depending on udder health, a dry period of 51-90 days can be suggested. Shorter dry periods had more undesirable effects than longer dry periods. Excessively shortened dry period (≤10 days) caused the daily milk yield to decrease by 17% in primiparous and by 13% in multiparous cows while increasing the risk of clinical changes of the cow’s udder, regardless of age. The proportion of milk samples that showed evidence of clinical mastitis also increased when the dry period was excessively long (>90 days), especially in multiparous cows.
Influence of Increased Dietary Selenium on Glutathione Peroxidase Activity and Glutathione Concentration in Erythrocytes of Lactating Sows
Authors: Horký Pavel 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We studied the influence of different selenium (Se) levels on some parameters of the antioxidant potential of lactating sows. The experiment involved 15 sows of the Large White breed divided into 3 equal groups. The addition of Se (from Se-enriched yeast) amounted to 0.0, 0.25 and 0.50 mg per kg of diet in the control, Se1 and Se2 groups, respectively. Erythrocyte Se concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and reduced/oxygenated glutathione ratio were measured as some of the indicators of the sow’s antioxidant status. Supplementation of Se at 0.25 mg/kg of diet increased Se concentration (by 50.0%; P<0.01), GPx activity (by 17.0%: P<0.05) and reduced/ oxygenated glutathione ratio (by 29.7%; P<0.05). Addition of Se at 0.50 mg/kg of diet increased Se concentration (by 63.6%; P<0.01), GPx activity (by 34.7%; P<0.01) and reduced/oxygenated glutathione ratio (by 64.0%; P<0.01). A significant relationship (P<0.01) was found between the Se concentrations and activity of GPx in erythrocytes from sows in the Se1 and Se2 groups (r=0.76 and 0.77, respectively). Percentage of piglets weaned/born was higher (P>0.05) in the Se2 than in the Se1 and control groups. In summary, addition of 0.25 or 0.50 mg Se/kg of diet can improve antioxidant status of lactating sows, but addition of 0.25 mg Se/kg may be also sufficient.
Non-classical Signature of Parametric Fluorescence and its Application in Metrology
Authors: Hamar M. , Michálek V. , Pathak A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The article provides a short theoretical background of what the non-classical light means. We applied the criterion for the existence of non-classical effects derived by C.T. Lee on parametric fluorescence. The criterion was originally derived for the study of two light beams with one mode per beam. We checked if the criterion is still working for two multimode beams of parametric down-conversion through numerical simulations. The theoretical results were tested by measurement of photon number statistics of twin beams emitted by nonlinear BBO crystal pumped by intense femtoseconds UV pulse. We used ICCD camera as the detector of photons in both beams. It appears that the criterion can be used for the measurement of the quantum efficiencies of the ICCD cameras.
Spectral EEG Features of a Short Psycho-physiological Relaxation
Authors: Teplan Michal , Krakovská Anna , Špajdel Marián 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Short-lasting psycho-physiological relaxation was investigated through an analysis of its bipolar electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics. In 8 subjects, 6-channel EEG data of 3-minute duration were recorded during 88 relaxation sessions. Time course of spectral EEG features was examined. Alpha powers were decreasing during resting conditions of 3-minute sessions in lying position with eyes closed. This was followed by a decrease of total power in centro-parietal cortex regions and an increase of beta power in fronto-central areas. Represented by EEG coherences the interhemispheric communication between the parieto-occipital regions was enhanced within a frequency range of 2-10 Hz. In order to discern between higher and lower levels of relaxation distinguished according to self-rated satisfaction, EEG features were assessed and discriminating parameters were identified. Successful relaxation was determined mainly by the presence of decreased delta-1 power across the cortex. Potential applications for these findings include the clinical, pharmacological, and stress management fields.
Interaction of SiO2 Nanoparticles with Seed Prechilling on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Tall Wheatgrass (Agropyron Elongatum L.)
Authors: Azimi Reyhane , Borzelabad Mohammad Jankju , Feizi Hassan , Azimi Amin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The effect of six SiO2 nanosized concentrations (0, 5, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg L-1) and three seed prechilling treatments (control, seed prechilling before nano SiO2 treatments, treatments of seed with nano SiO2 before prechilling) on germination and seedling growth of tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum L.) were studied. Results indicated that application of SiO2 nanoparticles significantly increased seed germination of tall wheatgrass from 58 percent in control group to 86.3 and 85.7 percent in 40 and 60 mg L-1, respectively. Applying SiO2 nanoparticles increased dry weight of shoot, root and seedling of tall wheatgrass. Increasing concentration of nanoparticle from 0 up to 40 mg L-1 increased seedling weight around 49 percent compared to the control, nevertheless decreased under 60 and 80 mg L-1 treatments. In conclusion, seed prechilling in combination with SiO2 nanoparticles largely broke the seed dormancy for A. elongatum.
Modified and Unmodified Zinc Oxide as Coagent in Elastomer Compounds
Authors: Kołodziejczak-Radzimska Agnieszka , Jesionowski Teofi , Maciejewska Magdalena , Zaborski Marian 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the activity of unmodified and modified ZnO in the peroxide crosslinking of hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene elastomer (HNBR) and ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM). In the first step, zinc oxide was obtained by emulsion precipitation. Maleic acid was introduced onto the surface of ZnO using an in situ method. The unmodified and modified zinc oxide was characterized using dispersive and morphological analysis, BET surface area analysis, and elemental, spectroscopic and thermal analysis. In the second stage of the research, the ZnO/MA systems were incorporated into the structure of elastomer compounds improving the kinetic and mechanical properties of vulcanizates. The proposed modification method had a favorable effect on the physicochemical properties of the zinc oxide and on the kinetic and mechanical properties of the vulcanizates. This study demonstrated that modification of zinc oxide by maleic acid is a promising technique.
Kłopoty z nazwami wartości (i wartościami)
Authors: Puzynina Jadwiga 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The article analyzes some of the difficulties in understanding the discourse of values and the way ‘values’ are employed in argument. It deals in particular with the meaning of the term ‘value’ itself as well as the various names of values which appear to be rather general and to contain a broad range of diverse semantic components. The problem is illustrated by the case of the different perceptions of the adjective ‘good’ as used in the phrase ‘a good man’. The processes of communication and understanding are further complicated by the different ranking of a given value in people’s individual hierarchies of value. The latter part of the article is concerned with the problem of shaping the moral and rational self-understanding of the young generation - a task of great importance from both the social and ethical point of view
Wiersz o prawdzie, na którą się czeka
Authors: Sawicki Stefan 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This is an interpretation of the poem ‘Ideas and the truth’, Item XLII from Cyprian Kamil Norwid’s Vade-mecum. Its sequence of images based on the revaluation of the semantic markers ‘up’ and ‘down’ suggests that the seemingly futile quest for the truth can make sense. The right attitude is to persevere in one’s efforts and, at the same time, to wait and hope that the truth will eventually reveal itself to the dedicated seeker.
Józefa Bogdana Dziekońskiego i jego kompanów „życie na żart ”
Authors: Szargot Maciej 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This article deals with the early chapters of Józef Bogdan Dziekoński’s swashbuckling life, ie. his student years and the time when he joined the Warsaw Bohemians (Warszawska Cyganeria), a group of artists and free spirits that flourished in the Polish capital in the 1840s. While his later career is by no means easy to reconstruct, the Warsaw phase is relatively well-documented. Contemporary sources contain plenty of references to his pranks and wild parties. It seems that all of the fun and games organized by Dziekoński had the form of carnivalesque masquerade balls punctuated with blood-curdling or incongruous interruptions, such as outbursts of fighting, duels, funerals, scenes of interrogation and imprisonment. His jokes, aimed not only at the bourgeois and the police but also at the very system of Tzarist rule, were often scandalous and provocative. In this way they created a culture of irreverent laughter opposed to both the grim regime of Ivan Paskiewicz, the Russian Governor General of the Kingdom of Poland, and the Romantic ‘culture of grief’ of the Polish insurrectionists