bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of electrical injuries in the emergency department: a 10-year retrospective study
Authors: Pawlik Andrea M. , Lampart Alina , Stephan Frank P. , Bingisser Roland , Ummenhofer Wolfgang , Nickel Christian H. 
Published: May 2015

Objective
Electrical injuries are challenging to assess and current guidelines are based on few studies and case reports. Recommendations on cardiac monitoring were published for certain risk factors, but indications for hospital observation are less clear. Furthermore, the risk of late arrhythmias is not known. Therefore, we aimed to assess possible cardiac complications, including death and immediate or delayed dysrhythmia, after an electrical accident in a sample of patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED).

Methods
Medical records of patients presenting to the ED of the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, during 2004–2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Follow-up in terms of the survival of these patients was performed through hospital databases, and direct contact with patients and caregivers. The primary endpoint was in hospital mortality and mortality within 10, 30, and 90 days, respectively. For our secondary endpoint, we investigated patient charts for the occurrence of dysrhythmias and laboratory findings.

Results
During the study period, a total of 240 patients were identified. Twelve patients were lost to follow-up. Initial ECG was performed in 234 (97.5%) patients and 149 (62.1%) patients received cardiac monitoring. During the time of monitoring, four dysrhythmias (sinus bradycardia, two ventricular premature beats, and atrial fibrillation) were observed. All patients survived, and no potential late serious dysrhythmia requiring a medical intervention was recorded.

Conclusion
No cardiac complications occurred during ED stay or during the 90-day follow-up period. Therefore, the need for continued cardiac monitoring after electrical injury is not supported by our data.
Increasing Colorectal Cancer Screening at Community-Based Primary Care Clinics in San Francisco
Authors: Marx Rani , Tse Winnie M. , Golden Lisa , Johnson Elizabeth C. 
Published: May 2015

Context:
Adult colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) can lower disease incidence and mortality. However, widespread implementation is inconsistent, especially in the public sector. While specific interventions to increase CRCS have been identified, firsthand accounts of CRCS improvement efforts using multiple techniques in public sector settings are lacking.

Objective:
A program evaluation was conducted to assess the effect of implementing a culture of continuous quality improvement (QI) on CRCS practices and prevalence. A multipronged incremental effort over more than a decade to increase CRCS at the San Francisco Department of Public Health is described.

Setting:
Community-based primary care clinics.

Participants:
Departmental activities and 5 clinics providing full-scope primary care to CRCS-eligible adults who participated in departmental activities and outreach interventions were assessed.

Main Outcome Measures:
Departmental and clinic-specific CRCS activities and prevalence.

Results:
Efforts included departmental prioritization; data-driven QI incorporating routine data sharing (monthly reports and data walls); departmental and clinic-specific QI committees; panel management (a team approach to generation of eligibility lists prior to scheduled visits, routinely offering screening during appointments or mailing test kits for patients without appointments); and departmental mail and phone outreach events. Screening ranged from 36.6% to 54.4% in 2010; in 2013, it ranged from 43.6% to 70.2%. Increases occurred consistently over that time in 3 of the 5 clinics and ranged from 1.1% to 14.5%; decreases occurred during 2 intervals in 2 clinics and ranged from 2.3% to 4.3%.

Conclusion:
CRCS prevalence can be markedly improved in the public sector with a data-driven panel management approach supported by departmental and clinic-specific QI committees and group outreach events. Continued prioritization of and focus on CRCS is required to ensure long-term success. Even small increases will result in avoidable morbidity and mortality associated with this highly preventable disease.
Sarbanes-Oxley: changes in risk premium and return volatility
Authors: Vega Jose G , Smolarski Jan , Zhou Haiyan 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine if the enactment of Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) resulted in lower risk premium and return volatility in the US stock markets. The paper examines the two components of excess return (total risk premium) separately: the amount of volatility (risk) and the unit price of risk (risk premium).Design/methodology/approach– The authors use a Component Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity approach to estimate the permanent and transitory component of share price volatility. The authors then use the predicted volatility to measure the unit price of risk and its changes due to the enactment of the SOX Act.Findings– The results regarding excess returns indicate that the implementation of SOX had a positive effect on the market. A positive effect means a steady decrease in required excess rates of returns due to the implementation of SOX. The years leading up to the implementation of SOX are characterized by significant sources of uncertainty. Around the implementation of SOX, the authors observe a long-term reduction in return volatility (risk), and a temporary reduction in the unit price of risk. Subsequent to the implementation, investors gained confidence in the effectiveness of internal controls over the financial reporting process, which helped in reducing the information risk and, therefore, the risk premium.Research limitations/implications– The authors find that total risk premium decreased over extended periods. The authors conclude that the enactment of SOX helped in reducing the uncertainty in the US capital market resulting in a reduction of total risk premiums and hence the cost of capital.Practical implications– The results have implications for policy makers, investors and researchers in general and those in the US markets in particular. The results are important because it allows policy makers and regulators to improve on how they design and implement accounting, market and finance regulations and reforms.Social implications– The study shows how financial markets react to regulations and the authors also provide information on investors’ reaction as firms adjust to changing regulations. The results of the study allows regulators to potentially use a more refined or targeted approach when introducing new regulations. It also allows investors to make informed investment decisions as they relate to risk premium requirements, which in turn may allow investors to allocate capital more efficiently.Originality/value– There are many studies concerning the enactment of SOX but few, if any, existing studies examine the original intent of SOX: to calm the US equity markets and restore market confidence from a return volatility perspective. The results have implications for policy makers, investors and researchers in general and those in the US markets in particular. The results are important because it allows policy makers and regulators to improve on how they design and implement accounting, market and finance regulations and reforms.
Complementing clusters: a competitiveness rationale for infrastructure investments
Authors: Sasson Amir , Reve Torger 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present a novel application of cluster theory and cluster methodology to evaluate large infrastructure investments. The complementing clusters approach, which builds on the notion of infrastructure as connecting isolated “economic islands”, is able to assess the potential for value creation effects of new infrastructure investment.Design/methodology/approach– The author uses simulation analysis based on a unique data set encompassing all employees and employers, as well as cluster mapping, for every pair of “economic islands” being connected by the examined infrastructure investments. The empirical setting is of large fjord crossings in Western Norway, the so-called E39 project.Findings– The empirical findings show that productivity gains are higher when an integrated labor market hosting complementary clusters is formed. Limitations remain regarding the economic integration path.Research limitations/implications– The authors provide an ex-ante analysis using information over the past 10 years. Following the expected infrastructure investments, future research should examine the extent to which productivity gains materialized and the reasons underlying the achieved materialization levels.Practical implications– Current evaluation of large infrastructure investments focuses on transportation economics effects, technical feasibility and environmental consequences. The authors complement this current practice by advancing a theoretically grounded value creation perspective that can affect future evaluation practices.Originality/value– Cluster complementarity-based evaluation is a novel methodology that is applicable to investment decisions which are central for economic development. Cluster analysis of infrastructure investments provides new and valuable data for making such investments decisions.
The effectiveness of Baitul Maal wat Tamwil in reducing poverty
Authors: Adnan Muhammad  Akhyar , Ajija Shochrul Rohmatul 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) in reducing poverty.

Design/methodology/approach
– The case study approach on BMT MMU Sidogiri (located at East Java Province) is taken. Two important and dominating products of BMT MMU Sidogiri (i.e. ba’i bithaman ‘ajil (BBA) and mudarabah) are examined carefully on how much they have helped the customers in reducing their poverty. The paper goes beyond data measurement using descriptive statistics, paired t-test and some poverty measurement indexes such as headcount index; poverty gap; Sen index; and Foster, Greer and Thorbecke Index to investigate the effectiveness of the BMT in reducing poverty.

Findings
– This paper reveals that BMT financing is effective in reducing poverty. Most of respondents can increase their income after receiving BMT financing. Products of BMT, especially BBA and mudarabah, to empower the poor in various productive businesses have been able to reduce the extent and severity of poverty. This paper also discloses some interesting and important findings related with how BMT’s work, so that it can contribute more to the knowledge enrichment, as well as the development of BMTs, in general, in realising their mission.

Originality/value
– The establishment of the so-called BMT in the form of an Islamic microfinance is intended initially to effectively help the poor. At present, there are around 3,874 BMTs operating around the country. Although the BMTs have been existing since more than ten years, no research has been conducted to examine their effectiveness in alleviating the poverty. This study in aimed at fulfilling this important gap.
Conceptualizing the duties and roles of auditors in Islamic financial institutions
Authors: Othman Radiah , Ameer Rashid 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to describe the role and responsibilities of Shari’ah auditors in Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) in the auditing process in the IFIs, to highlight capacity building challenges in the Shari’ah auditing industry.Design/methodology/approach– The authors used a legitimacy theory to understand linkages between demand for Shari’ah audit and the role of Shari’ah auditors in IFIs complemented with the review the Accounting and Auditing Organization of Islamic Financial Institutions and Auditing Standard for Islamic Financial Institutions to understand the Shari’ah audit work requirements from an Islamic perspective.Findings– Shari’ah auditing is an emerging field of investigation. There is no doubt that conventional auditing has a significant influence on the auditing frameworks used in IFIs. Western auditing practices are undergoing a metamorphosis to meet the needs of stakeholders in the Islamic economic system. The role and responsibilities of auditors in IFIs are much broader than those found in conventional banks in relation to an examination of a variety of contracts, product structures, transactions reporting, preparation of financial statements, reports, marketing circulars and any other legal documents, which are pertinent to IFIs’ operations.Practical implications– We posit that the absence of a proper Shari’ah auditing framework and standards attuned to the needs of an Islamic economic system could dampen the future of the Islamic finance industry. The regulators and management of IFIs should meet the expectations of the stakeholders to whom they owe a duty of care by selecting competent professionals for auditing work, along with transparent policies and systems.Originality/value– This paper presents an attempt to establish auditors’ roles and responsibilities from an Islamic perspective.
The concept of scarcity and its influence on the definitions of Islamic economics
Authors: Wahbalbari Amir , Bahari Zakaria , Mohd-Zaharim Norzarina 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The aim of this paper is to reconcile the diverging opinions among Islamic economists toward the concept of scarcity and to present a holistic model of scarcity and abundance from a Qur’anic perspective.Design/methodology/approach– Analyses of both interviews and texts were performed. The method in studying scarcity from Islamic perspective consisted of semi-structured interview with five experts in the field of Islamic economics and development.Findings– One major implication of this study is that the concept of scarcity as it is postulated by mainstream economics tends to clash with the Islamic worldview, as it does not have any reference in Islam. Scarcity can act as a phenomenon in economic activities but not as the defining concept in Islamic economics.Practical implications– Practically, this paper will contribute to the making of the first lecture of the course of Islamic economics.Social implications– Socially, this paper will contribute to the process of transforming the science of economics and Islamic economics for a sustainable tomorrow.Originality/value– This paper is a fundamental paper that addresses some aspects from critical realism and transcendental idealism into the making of Islamic economics. Not only that the discussion on the concept of scarcity in Islamic economics is limited and seems to be lacking; in addition, this paper offers a critical discussion on the validity of the concept of scarcity in economics from a critical perspective.
Purchasing alignment under multiple contingencies: a configuration theory approach
Authors: Mikalef Patrick , Pateli Adamantia , Batenburg Ronald S. , Wetering Rogier van de 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– Strategic alignment is a theory-based state that is considered as crucial for organizations in order to realize performance gains from information technology (IT) investments and deployments. Within the domain of purchasing and supply chain management there has been a growing interest on how purchasing strategy can be effectively aligned with IT and what conditions facilitate this state. The purpose of this paper is to investigate complex causal relationships of contingency elements that are key in enabling the “fit” between purchasing strategy and IT.Design/methodology/approach– The paper employs a configuration theory approach and propose that purchasing alignment is dependent upon patterns of multiple contingencies. In adherence with contingency theory, the authors group these elements as relating to strategic orientation, organizational factors, and purchasing decisions. On a sample of 172 international companies the authors then apply the novel methodology of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).Findings– The paper empirically demonstrates that depending on the strategic orientation that a company follows, there are alternative combinations of elements that lead to high purchasing alignment. For companies following an operational excellence strategic orientation, a high contract binding scheme, or a small firm size facilitates purchasing alignment. Enabling elements for product leadership companies include a decentralized purchasing structure, a broad supplier base, and a large firm size. Purchasing alignment for customer intimacy companies is supported by a centralized purchasing structure, loose contract binding, and a large supplier base.Practical implications– The findings of this study suggest that practitioners aiming to attain a state of purchasing alignment should consider a number of contingency elements in the process. The paper shows that there is equifinality in the configurations that lead to purchasing alignment. This means that attaining purchasing alignment is dependent upon various clusters of contingency elements which must be taken into account when formulating a purchasing strategy.Originality/value– In contrast with past studies examining purchasing alignment as a result of the isolated impact of several antecedents, we applied a configuration theory approach to demonstrate that it is facilitated by the combined impact of a set of cause-effect relationships. In cases were non-linear and synergistic relationships exist between independent variables, this type of research may be a viable alternative.
Designing a preference-based accommodation strategy
Authors: Arkesteijn Monique , Valks Bart , Binnekamp Ruud , Barendse Peter , De Jonge Hans 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to describe the development and test of such a design method to achieve alignment, which utilises the preference-based accommodation strategy (PAS) design procedure. One of the long-standing issues in the field of corporate real estate management is the alignment of an organisation’s real estate to its corporate strategy. A classification of alignment models shows that no model yet exists that is able to design a real estate portfolio and makes use of scales for direct measurement of added value/preference, and allows the aggregation of individual ratings into an overall performance rating.Design/methodology/approach– To perform the steps in the PAS design procedure, a mathematical model is designed and tested according to formal design principles. The PAS design procedure is iteratively repeated with the participants in a series of interviews and workshops. In the interviews, the participants determine their preferences and constraints as prescribed in the procedure; in the workshops, they design alternative portfolios using the mathematical model. The objective of the research is to formulate, test and evaluate if participants are able to perform the PAS design procedure.Findings– A methodology is developed for designing a real estate strategy that uses explicit scales for measuring value/preference and enables aggregating individual preference ratings into an overall rating taking into account both quantitative and qualitative portfolio properties. The tests of this design method with the participants reveal that by completing the steps in the PAS design procedure, users are able to determine their preferences accordingly. They were also able to design an alternative portfolio with a higher overall preference score than the current real estate portfolio. In addition, the design method is evaluated positively by the participants based on their experiences, the attractiveness of the method and perception of effectiveness of the method.Research limitations/implications– The positive results suggest that designing a strategy by using the PAS design procedure is a suitable approach to alignment.Practical implications– The PAS design procedure enables corporate real estate (CRE) managers to determine the added value of a real estate strategy. Because the PAS design method is generic, it can be used for a wide range of real estate portfolios.Originality/value– The first CRE alignment model uses stakeholders preferences to design a more optimal real estate strategy.
A qualitative investigation of Foundation Year 2 doctors’ views on the European Working Time Directive
Authors: Duncan Myanna , Haslam Cheryl 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the personal views and experiences of Foundation Year 2 doctors operating under the European Working Time Directive (EWTD).

Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 36 Foundation Year 2 doctors from a single UK-based Deanery participated in this semistructured interview study.

Findings
– Findings indicated that Foundation doctors typically welcomed a regulation of working hours, but reported frustration at the manner in which the Directive had been implemented. Participants reported concerns at reducing hours by removing out-of-hours working in order to meet EWTD requirements. Out-of-hours shifts were highly valued owing to their increased opportunities for autonomous clinical decision making. By contrast, day-shifts were regarded as heavily administrative in nature and were perceived as service provision. Foundation doctors discussed the unique nature of the out-of-hours working period which appeared to provide specific learning opportunities as doctors draw on time management and prioritisation skills.

Originality/value
– Given the challenges the EWTD presents, careful rota planning is essential. First, the authors would encourage the restructuring of day-shift work to provide a greater emphasis on hands-on skills experience in a supportive, supervised environment. Second, where possible, Foundation doctors might benefit from the opportunity to engage in some out-of-hours working, such as with multi-professional “Hospital at Night” teams. Third, the authors would encourage junior doctor involvement in rota design and planning which may increase their perceived autonomy and therefore buy-in of working practices.
Self-control at work: its relationship with contextual performance
Authors: de Boer Benjamin J. , van Hooft Edwin A. J. , Bakker Arnold B. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– Individuals differ in their levels of self-control. Trait self-control has been found to relate positively to desirable and negatively to undesirable behaviors in contexts like physical health, academic performance, and criminality. The purpose of this study is to examine the relevance of trait self-control in work-settings. The authors distinguished between two types of self-control, stop-control (inhibitory control) and start-control (initiatory control), and tested their differential validity in predicting contextual performance.Design/methodology/approach– In two independent employee samples, stop-control, start-control, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), personal initiative, and proactive coping were measured. Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) was added in Study 2.Findings– Results showed that only start-control was positively related to OCB, personal initiative, and proactive coping. Both stop-control and start-control were negatively related to CWB.Research limitations/implications– Findings support the validity of distinguishing between stop-control and start-control, suggesting that self-control theory and models should be refined to incorporate this distinction. Limitations include the correlational design and self-report measures. Although results were similar across two independent studies, future research is needed to test the generalizability of the conclusions in other settings, using non-self-report data.Practical implications– The distinction between stop-control and start-control may help organizations in selecting staff and assigning tasks.Originality/value– The present research introduces the distinction between two conceptually different types of self-control (stop-control and start-control), demonstrating their relevance to work-related behavior.