bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteriophages as Biocontrol Agent in Food Safety
Authors: Yarn Wai Ga , Yew Huat Tang John , Radu Son 
Published: July 2024

Food contamination with pathogens has been continual and significant problem worldwide. These pathogens causes foodborne diseases that lead to deleterious effect to the health of consumer and the financial losses to food manufacturer. The emergence of foodborne pathogen isÂ further complicated with the infection from multiple antibiotic resistance food pathogens and the formation of biofilm on food processing equipment as well as utensils that cause the process of decontamination become more challenging. Bacteriophage is recognized for its effectiveness as biocontrol against food pathogen and relatively harmless to man. Bacteriophage can be applied at any point of the food chain such as phage therapy of livestock, biosanitizer (disinfectant) in the food processing environment, and biocontrol (additives) of food products. Bacteriophage is an obligate parasite of bacterial and due to its host specificity and binding capability, bacteriophage appear as a more advantageous decontamination agent compared to other chemical intervention which might introduce chemical hazard. Various studies have shown the effectiveness of bacteriophage in combating food-borne pathogens and insignificant risk of development bacteriophage resistant bacteria. However the efficacy of the bacteriophages varies depending on the source of isolation, the type of food, surface materials and food matrixes. Thus, it is noteworthy to get the insight of current microbiological hazard in food and the potential use of bacteriophages as biocontrol agent.Â Â
Assessment of Seasonal and Spatial Surface Marine Water Quality Variation in Semerak River Estuary, Malaysia
Authors: Saiful Samsudin Mohd , Azid Azman , Iskandar Khalit Saiful , Milleana Shaharudin Shazlyn , Lananan Fathurrahman 
Published: July 2024

Mangrove estuary is a part of the mangrove ecosystem which plays an important role for the whole ecosystem. Purposely, this study is to assess the spatial and seasonal variation of surface marine water quality in Semerak River estuary. Dissolved oxygen (DO), unionized ammonia (NH3N), total suspended solid (TSS), nitrate (NO3), oil and grease (O&G), phosphate (PO4), faecal coliform (FC), pH, salinity and conductivity are the measured parameters using in-situ and ex-situ technique. Surface marine water samples collected in two monsoon -Southwest Monsoon (July 2016 to September 2016) and Northeast Monsoon (November 2016 to January 2017). The analytical and statistical results indicate that the surface water of the Semerak River estuary that the possible pollution sources coming from major agriculture, fertilizers, fishing boat and sand mining, natural environment from weathering of geologic sources, surface runoff and oil-spill from fishing boat. Marine water samples of future monitoring studies in mangrove estuary will benefit by enabling understanding of pollution loading and coastal water quality. It is essential to plan a workable water quality modelling as powerful tool to simulate marine water quality and forecast future consequences to facilitate mangrove biodiversity conservation. The chemical composition of surface marine water in both season is strongly influenced by anthropogenic inputs.Â Â Â
The Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Aeromonas Hydrophila Infection of Marketed Catfish in Besut, Terengganu
Authors: Nabilah Binti Meor Aziz Fatin , Afiza Badaluddin Noor , Binti Ismail Norshida 
Published: July 2024

The commercial catfish covers about 37% of value of production in aquaculture sectors in Malaysia. Aeromonas hydrophila is the most common bacterial infection that occurred in catfish culture, mainly due to poor environment and water quality. The occurrence of bacterial disease affect the economical production of farm and may contribute to the excessive usage of antibiotics which can lead to antibiotic resistance problem. This recent study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of A. hydrophila infection in commercial hybrid catfish, (Clarias gariepinus Ã— C. batracus) from several wet markets in Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 28 catfish were collected randomly from different wet markets in Besut area. The organs such as heart, liver and spleen were taken out and inoculated on Blood Agar with ampicillin. The suspected colonies were subculture for at least three times to get pure colonies. For the identification of A.hydrophilla, the pure colonies were analysed using Gramâ€™s staining technique and five biochemical tests namely; Catalase, Oxidase, Methyl Red, Voges Proskauer and Triple Sugar Iron Test. For antimicrobial susceptibility test, the disc diffusion method was conducted by using four types of antibiotic discs, vancomycin, cephazolin, meropenem and colistin sulphate. The prevalence of A. hydrophila infection in this study were 18% (n=5).Â For disc diffusion method, resistance index for all isolates were ranged from 0.25 to 0.50. Therefore, proper management in fish farming area and routine monitoring of drug susceptibility patterns overtime is necessary.Â
Effects of Different Harvesting Ages on Chemical Composition of Five Napier Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Varieties
Authors: Aini Kamaruddin Nurul , Nadira Zulkifli Aiza , Ahmad Normala , Zakaria Jamil 
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study is to determine the effects of the different harvesting ages (45 days, 60 days and 75 days) on the chemical composition of five Napier grass varieties. This research was conducted at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) Farm in Pasir Akar, Besut, Terengganu. The proximate analysis was used to analyze the chemical compositions of moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude protein and fat, while the mineral compositions of magnesium, potassium, aluminium, phosphorus, and calcium were analyzed and measured using the dry ashing method and Induced Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The findings of this study showed that most chemical compositions of five Napier varieties were decreased (p < 0.05) as harvesting age increased. The proximate compositions of all varieties show significantly decreased (p < 0.05) as age increased which is the moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude protein, and fat were decreased at age 75 days. Among the five varieties, Dwarf Napier shows the highest of crude protein (25.51%) followed by India Napier (22.44%), Uganda Napier (18.45%), Red Napier (18.26%) and Zanzibar Napier (16.78%), respectively. The mineral compositions of potassium and phosphorus of five varieties were decreased as age harvesting increased. Thus, this study showed that the harvesting ages affect to the chemical composition of the Napier grass and day 45 is the optimum age for harvesting which is providing high nutritive value of animal feed.Â Â Â
Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide and Methyl Eugenol on Fruit Growth, Yield and Fruit Fly Infestation of Syzygium Samarangense
Authors: Moneruzzaman Khandaker Mohammad , Zuriani Ismail Siti , Hafiza Nurul , Mat Nashriyah , Ngah Norhayati 
Published: July 2024

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methyl eugenol (ME) on fruit growth, yield and fruit fly infestation of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense var Jambu madu). The selected experimental tree branches were either left untreated or sprayed with 20 mM H2O2, 20 mM H2O2 plus ME or ME alone under field condition. The results showed that combine treatment of H2O2 and ME increased the net photosynthetic rate, CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration of wax apple leaves. In addition, fruit weight, fruit firmness and TSS content of wax apple fruits significantly improved with H2O2 and ME treatment. The application of Methyl eugenol alone or combined with H2O2 reduced the number of fruit fly in wax apple fruits. There was positive correlation between fruit fly infestation and fruit size and between fruit fly infestation and fruit sweetness (TSS content) in H2O2 and Methyl eugenol treated fruits. Besides, we recorded negative correlation between the fruit fly infestation and firmness of treated wax apple fruits. It was concluded that application of hydrogen peroxide and methyl eugenol stimulated fruit growth and reduced the fruit fly infestation on wax apple under field condition.Â Â
Proximate and Mineral Composition of Anabas Testudineus (Climbing Perch) in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Syakirah Hanim Mohd-Khairi Nor , Arizal Muslimatun , Hou Chew Ha , Siew Ing Nguang , Seng Chee Poh , Ikhwanuddin Mhd , Fay Komilus Connie 
Published: July 2024

Anabas testudineus (Climbing Perch) is commonly eaten by Malaysians due to its tender flesh and tasty flavor. Usually, it is either freshly cooked or made into various dish including fermented fish called pekasam. This study was done to determine proximate composition, macromineral composition and micromineral composition in climbing perch from 3 states in Peninsular Malaysia. Fish with average body weight 73.18 g and total body length 15.93 m were sampled randomly from fish markets in Terengganu, Selangor and Perak. Proximate composition analysis was carried out using the AOAC method to assess the percentage (%) of protein, fat, moisture and ash. In addition, mineral composition analysis was conducted by using ICP-OES to study the concentration of Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Cr in mg / kg in fish. Results from the analysis have been compared and analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The study found moisture content was the highest in Selangor (76.56 Â± 0.44) % while ash and protein were higher in Perak`s fish (26.98 Â± 0.21) % and (43.19 Â± 0.81) % respectively. Terengganu`s fish contained the highest fat content at 17.19 Â± 1.54 %. Perak`s fish demonstrated the highest macromineral content (Ca, P and Mg) which were 84336.87 Â± 1525.41 mg/kg, 46843.90 Â± 172.13 mg/kg and 1203.96 Â± 10.45 mg/kg respectively. Perak`s fish also showed the highest content of micromineral (Fe and Cu) at (31.31 Â± 0.09) mg/kg and (1.52 Â± 0.00) mg/kg while Selangor`s fish showed the highest content of Zn and Mn (32.61 Â± 0.64) mg/kg and (28.05 Â± 0.57) mg/kg. In conclusion, climbing perch caught from Perak and Selangor might be good sources of macromineral and micromineral for human consumption.Â Â
Proximate and Mineral Compositions of Rice Field Eel Monopterus Albus
Authors: Arizal Muslimatun , Syakirah Hanim Mohd-Khairi Nor , Chew Ha Hou , Ing Nguang Siew , Ikhwanuddin Mhd , Chee Poh Seng , Fay Komilus Connie 
Published: July 2024

Rice field eel (Monopterus albus) is an air breather freshwater fish that can be found extensively in paddy field area in Malaysia. It has high economic value all over Asia and used as folk remedies for various diseases. Mineral compositions play a vital role in various metabolisms though it's required in a minute amount in the human body. Proximate compositions and selected minerals compositions were determined in Monopterus albus. The study found that Monopterus albus was high in protein content (50.07%-74.31%) and low in lipid (2.26%-2.66%), which suggests this fish species suitable to be consumed by various human conditions. The amplest macroelement was Calcium with a concentration of 29127.00 mg/Kg - 50468.50 mg/Kg, followed by Phosphorus and Magnesium, 21290.00 mg/Kg - 32975.50 mg/Kg and 1264.50 mg/Kg - 1638.50 mg/Kg respectively. Zinc was the dominant microelement found in Monopterus albus with a concentration ofÂ 44.17Â±1.20 mg/Kg followed by Iron, Manganese, Copper, and Chromium with concentration range of 32.60 mg/Kg - 38.6 mg/Kg, 3.40 mg/Kg â€“ 22.65 mg/Kg, 0.97 mg/Kg - 1.07 mg/Kg and 0.59 mg/Kg - 0.78 mg/Kg respectively.Â The results of this study will be further used to promote fish-based medication and remedies benefit to human.Â Â
Detection, Isolation and Antimicrobial Testing of Listeria monocytogenes in Chicken from Supermarket
Authors: Yew Huat Tang John , Amirah Ismail Aisyah , Afiza Badaluddin Noor 
Published: July 2024

Listeria monocytogenes play a vital role in causing an infrequent and sometimes deadly foodborne disease known as Listeriosis. In this study, the presence of L. monocytogenes in chicken at supermarket and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the pathogen were determined. Detection of L. monocytogenes in chickens from supermarket was carried out using real time PCR and isolation of L. monocytogenes by plating onto PALCAM agar. The L. monocytogenes isolates were tested against 14 antibiotics for resistance determination using disc diffusion method. From 56 chicken samples tested, 35.7 % of the samples were detected contained the pathogen using real time PCR. Only 15 samples Â (26.8%) were positive for L. monocytogenes isolates. The isolates showed high resistance towards Penicillin G (100%), Ampicillin (93%), Rifampicin (93%), Ceftazidime (87%), Erythromycin (87%), and Tetracycline (80%). All the isolates were found to have the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index more than 0.2 which indicates multiple resistance towards antibiotics. In conclusion, L. monocytogenes was found in the chicken at supermarket and the isolates were found to be highly resistance towards multiple antibiotics. Thus, chicken meat must be properly cooked before consumption to prevent foodborne infection.Â
Feasibility and Acceptibility of EatSAFE-StopWASTEÂ© Mobile App
Authors: Yew Huat Tang John , Razif Shahril Mohd 
Published: July 2024

Food poisoning affects one in six people around the world every year and food wastage due to expired or spoiled food continues to become global problem. It is a hope through the advancement of technology, these issues can be reduced with the help of smartphone apps. The EatSAFE-StopWASTEÂ©Â app was developed to be a user friendly, attractive, informative and flexible smartphone app that help users to reduce food poisoning risk through food safety knowledge and food poisoning risk estimator. This app which categorises food into shelf stable food and perishable food aims to reduce food wastage through reminders of the food purchased. The feasibility and acceptability of EatSAFE-StopWASTEÂ© app were tested among 61 respondents, age ranged from 13 to 60 years old. Feasibility and acceptability of the app was found to be at 87.7% and 89.0%, respectively. Respondents agreed that the app is attractive (83.6%), user friendly (90.2%), easy to understand (95.1%), provides good features (82.0%), informative (86.1%), and useful (91.8%). It can be concluded that EatSAFE-StopWASTEÂ© app is highly feasible and acceptable among users as an aid to help them in reducing food poisoning and food wastage.Â
Carotenoid Content and Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE) of Seven Varieties of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea) Leaf Extracts
Authors: Ismail Azrina , Norshazila Norshazila , Othman Rashidi , Mat Nashriyah 
Published: July 2024

Ficus deltoidea, also known as mistletoe fig or Mas cotek in Malay is believed to have health benefits due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and carotenoids. However, there are limited studies that show evidence of carotenoid compounds in Ficus deltoidea leaf extracts, especially in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to determine the carotenoid content of seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea leaf extracts and its retinol activity equivalent (RAE). Carotenoid content was identified by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and its RAE was determined by using a formula where 12Âµg of Î²-carotene is equivalent to 1 RAE. The carotenoids detected in seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea were lutein and Î²-carotene. The highest carotenoid content detected in Ficus deltoidea leaf extractÂ was Î²-carotene which ranged from 14.25 Â± 8.84 ug/ul (Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea ) to 1612.00 Â± 17.68 ug/ul (Ficus deltoidea var. angustifolia), while lutein content ranged from 23.00 Â± 0.71 ug/ul (Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea ) to 62.25 Â± 0.35 ug/ul (Ficus deltoidea var. bilobata). The RAE found ranged from 171.00 Â± 106.07 (var. deltoidea) up to 18726.00 Â± 1080.87 (var. angustifolia). The data obtained from this study indicated that Ficus deltoidea leaves of different varieties had significantly different carotenoid contents. Thus, there is potential for Ficus deltoidea to be used as an alternative natural carotenoid source for food and pharmaceutical industries.Â Â
PID Control of Hydraulic Turbine with Excitation and Synchronization Systems
Authors: Ibrahim Jaber Alzubaydy Ahmed , Dorohobid Vadym , Borozdin Mykola , Zakharchenko Ruslan 
Published: July 2024

Hydroelectric energy is a major source of renewable electricity in the world. The industry is continuously searching for ways to improve the efficiency and reliability with which it produces energy. Here suggested a PID approach to turbine governor by utilizing human experience. The simulation model of Hydro Power Plant was constructed based on mathematical equations that summarize the behavior of the power plant. The simulation model of power plant is useful in stability studies. Simulation models are suitable for use in large scale system stability studies. The PID controller is designed and tested for three phases to ground fault by simulations which are reported in this paper. Results obtained by simulation show the rapidity and robustness of the PID controller. This controller is able to maintain the generated electrical power characteristics in spite of the changing user load.Â The invention and design of stabilized system means the ability of the system working with different load and fault.Â Controlling voltage system represent control an active power in electrical power grid by increasing and decreasing the generator voltage. In this paper completed models test that stability and flexibility of the Synchronized generator with over exciter, and under exciter by Governor and Excitation systems.Â Â Â
Features of the Silo Capacitiesâ€™ Calculation at the Unsymmetrical Wind Load
Authors: Pichugin Sergei , Makhinko Natalia 
Published: July 2024

The paper deals with summarizing research concerning analytical technique of calculation of vertical cylindrical capacities for grain storage under the influence of unsymmetrical wind influences. In particular, the analysis of vertical stiffenersâ€™ work was conducted and illustrated the body deformation for high and low capacities, depending on the number of rigid elements. Considering the constructionâ€™s form, which is an axially-symmetric shell of rotation, the main equations for determining efforts, displacements and the series of calculation coefficients were formed. Considering the character of the wind loadâ€™s influence, there were also made propositions considering defining normal and tangential strains in cross-section, longitudinal directions and also radial, circular and longitudinal displacements, accordingly to the general theory. was made The graphical nomograph for the convenient calculation, which could be used as an alternative when searching for intermediate calculation functions was made. In addition, capacities with different edgesâ€™ fortification are considered, for example, strengthened by absolutely rigid circle, free or fixed by elastic circle. General assessment of the total deflected mode of the capacityâ€™s construction was made, depending on the number of decomposition coefficients, which were put in calculation. Conclusions are accompanied with graphic isometric understandings, which were obtained on the basis of practical calculation.Â Â Â
Bearing Capacity and Deformability of Three-Component Steel Reinforced Concrete Constructions Made of Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Semko Oleksandr , Hasenko Anton , Mahas Nataliia , Sirobaba Vitalij 
Published: July 2024

The article contains the study of strength and deformability of three-component steel-reinforced concrete structures made of a thin-walled steel shell, light concrete and rigid reinforcement in the form of a light steel thin-walled profile. The results of calculation, simulation and experimental researches of more than 40 steel-concrete elements are presented. The diagrams of the work of these constructions are compared with the comparison of experimental data and numerical modeling, which confirm the correctness of the introduction of the calculation model into the software complex, where special attention was paid to the boundary conditions of the work of the structure. The model with the indication of the concentration of internal stresses and the nature of the deformation of the structure in general, which fully corresponded to the experimental research, was analyzed.Â An adapted calculation algorithm for three-component steel-concrete constructions is presented, where the coefficients of working conditions for each of the constituent constructions are indicated. The relationship between relative flexibility and the lowering coefficient of operation of a thin-walled cylindrical steel shell is shown. Appropriate conclusions are formulated.Â Â Â
Comparative Analysis of Deflections and Crack Opening Widths in Reinforced Concrete Whole Beams Under the Action of Single, Low-Cycle Repetitive and Low-Cycle Alternating Loads
Authors: Masjuk Grigory , Yushchuk Oleksandr , Masjuk Wladislav , Semko Pavlo 
Published: July 2024

Article contains a comparative analysis of the deflections and the crack opening widths in the reinforced concrete whole beams affected by single, low-cycle repeated and short-cycle alternating loads according to experimental data. Experimental studies have shown that the stress-strained state of the whole beams affected by low-cycle repeated and short-cycle alternating loads significantly differs from the stress-strained state of the same beams affected by nonalternating static loads.Following parameters of the stress-strained state were determined: crack resistance and deformability, crack opening widths and deflections have considerably higher values. This is caused to certain extent by the change in the concrete structure after repeated and alternating loads. The concrete structure, affected by alternating loads, changes due to the formation of microcracks, which increase from cycle to cycle, forming the main cross-cutting cracks, dividing the beam by length into separate blocks. Due to this, the beam stiffness decreases and the deflections increase, as well as the crack opening widths.Â Â
Usage of the Floor-Lifting Method for Buildings Erection with Precast-Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Frames of Â«KUBÂ» or Similar Frame Systems
Authors: Dyachenko Evgen , Zyma Oleksandr , Scherbinin Leonid , Akarenko Ruslan M 
Published: July 2024

Usage of the floor-lifting method for buildings erection with precast-monolithic reinforced concrete frames of Â«KUBÂ» or similar frame system was reviewed in the article. Analysis of technological features of proposed method was done. Advantages and disadvantages of proposed method usage were listed. Opportunity of floor-lifting method of reinforced concrete frames buildings erection in dense areas usage was justified. Usage of the floor-lifting method for erection of buildings with precast-monolithic reinforced concrete frames of Â«KUBÂ» or similar frame system allows to reduce the works complexity due to the complete refusal to use the equipment for the verification and temporary fixing of slabs individual elements and the operations exclusion associated with the retrieval and temporary fixing floor slabs elements. Proposed method usage allows to move majority of assembly operations to the ground floor level, which can significantly increase the industrial safety level, improve the work and control quality. Reducing the installation parameters values, allows to use less powerful self-propelled cranes for building frame elements installation, in some cases, completely refuse to use the tower cranes. It makes sense to use this building frameworks erection method in dense urban areas. The main disadvantage of this method is the high demanding quality of the slabs elements production. Because the surface of the slab is the basis for the next floor slab, inaccurate factory production will not allow the exact slabs elements installation in the required position.Â Â