bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apparent diffusion coefficient value reflects invasive and proliferative potential of bladder cancer
Authors: Kobayashi Shuichiro , Koga Fumitaka , Kajino Kohei , Yoshita Soichiro , Ishii Chikako , Tanaka Hiroshi , Saito Kazutaka , Masuda Hitoshi , Fujii Yasuhisa , Yamada Tetsuo , Kihara Kazunori 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo elucidate a role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value as a biomarker of bladder cancer, we investigated its associations with Ki‐67 labeling index (LI) along with classical clinicopathological prognosticators.Materials and MethodsDiffusion‐weighted MRI (DW‐MRI) at 1.5 Tesla using b‐values of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 s/mm2 was prospectively taken before transurethral resection by 132 bladder cancer patients. ADC value of index tumors was measured and compared with clinicopathological prognosticators including Ki‐67 LI.ResultsADC value was significantly lower in tumors with higher Ki‐67 LIs, sessile tumors (versus papillary), larger tumors, higher grade disease, and higher T stage disease. ADC value inversely correlated with Ki‐67 LI (ρ = −0.57; P < 0.0001). On multiple regression analysis, T stage and Ki‐67 LI significantly correlated with ADC value. The Akaike information criterion confirms these two parameters constitute the best model for determining ADC value. Similarly, T stage and ADC value significantly correlated with Ki‐67 LI and these two parameters composed the best model for predicting Ki‐67 LI.ConclusionADC value would reflect T stage and Ki‐67 LI, representing invasive and proliferative potential, respectively. ADC value is likely to serve as a biomarker reflecting aggressiveness of bladder cancer. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:172–178. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Methodological improvements in voxel‐based analysis of diffusion tensor images: Applications to study the impact of apolipoprotein E on white matter integrity
Authors: Newlander Shawn M. , Chu Alan , Sinha Usha S. , Lu Po H. , Bartzokis George 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo identify regional differences in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) using customized preprocessing before voxel‐based analysis (VBA) in 14 normal subjects with the specific genes that decrease (apolipoprotein [APO] E ε2) and that increase (APOE ε4) the risk of Alzheimer's disease.Materials and MethodsDiffusion tensor images (DTI) acquired at 1.5 Tesla were denoised with a total variation tensor regularization algorithm before affine and nonlinear registration to generate a common reference frame for the image volumes of all subjects. Anisotropic and isotropic smoothing with varying kernel sizes was applied to the aligned data before VBA to determine regional differences between cohorts segregated by allele status.ResultsVBA on the denoised tensor data identified regions of reduced FA in APOE ε4 compared with the APOE ε2 healthy older carriers. The most consistent results were obtained using the denoised tensor and anisotropic smoothing before statistical testing. In contrast, isotropic smoothing identified regional differences for small filter sizes alone, emphasizing that this method introduces bias in FA values for higher kernel sizes.ConclusionVoxel‐based DTI analysis can be performed on low signal to noise ratio images to detect subtle regional differences in cohorts using the proposed preprocessing techniques.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:387–397. ©2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human papillomavirus was not detected by PCR using multiple consensus primer sets in esophageal adenocarcinomas in Chinese patients
Authors: Feng Songtao , Zheng Jianming , Du Xiang , Tan Yunshan , Yang Haijun , Zhang Hongxia , Zhang Zhigang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is well established; however, there are few reports on the role of HPV in esophageal adenocarcinoma. To evaluate the putative role of HPV infection in esophageal adenocarcinoma, 57 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded esophageal adenocarcinoma specimens were collected from four hospitals in Shanghai and Anyang, China, between 1999 and 2008. HPV DNA was analyzed using PCR with multiple sets of consensus primers for HPV, GP5+/6+, CPI/CPIIG, SPF10, pU‐1M/pU2R, and pU31B/pU2R. Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), the internal control, was amplified successfully in all 57 specimens. However, HPV amplification was not detected in any specimens with any of the consensus primer sets used. The present study indicates that HPV infection is not likely to be a major factor in the etiology of esophageal adenocarcinoma in the Chinese population. J. Med. Virol. 85: 1053–1057, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CCR5 Δ 32 mutation is not prevalent in Iranians with chronic HBV infection
Authors: Khorramdelazad Hossein , Hakimizadeh Elham , Hassanshahi Gholamhossein , Rezayati Mohammadtaghi , Sendi Hossein , Arababadi Mohammad Kazemi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCCR5 is an important chemokine receptor involved in the recruitment of specific anti‐viral immune cells (e.g., NK cells and T cytotoxic cells) to the liver. Previous studies indicated that the Δ 32 mutation in CCR5 gene led to inactivation of CCR5. Several conflicting studies have suggested that this mutation may be associated with either recovery or persistence of HBV infection. The main purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of the Δ 32 mutation within the CCR5 gene in a group of patients infected chronically with HBV with healthy individuals from South‐East of Iran. Sixty patients with chronic HBV infection as well as 300 age‐, and sex‐match healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Gap‐PCR was applied to determine the frequency of CCR5 Δ 32 mutation in both groups. The results demonstrated that none of the patients infected with HBV carried the CCR5 Δ 32 mutation while, 3 (1%) of the healthy individuals were found to be heterozygotic for this mutation. The CCR5 Δ 32 mutation is not a prevalent mutation in either the patients infected chronically with HBV or their health counterparts in the South‐East region of Iran. This may be attributed to either different genetic settings of the investigated population or lack of any significant correlation between this mutation and HBV pathogenicity. J. Med. Virol. 85: 964–968, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular analysis of the hepatitis B virus presurface and surface gene in patients from eastern China with occult hepatitis B
Authors: Huang Xiangyan , Qin Yanghua , Li Wei , Shi Qingfen , Xue Yan , Li Jie , Liu Chao , Hollinger F. Blaine , Shen Qian 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study was designed to detect and analyze mutations that occur within the presurface and surface (pre‐S/S) gene of HBV in patients with occult hepatitis B, and determine their relationship to that disorder. Among 254 HBsAg negative samples of blood collected in eastern China, 183 were positive for anti‐HBc alone, 61 were positive for anti‐HBe alone, and 10 samples were positive for HBeAg. Within this group, 15 samples were found to be HBV DNA positive by real‐time PCR and were designated Group I. A control group of 28 HBsAg positive samples were chosen at random from patients with chronic hepatitis B and designated Group II. The HBV pre‐S/S gene was amplified by PCR and subjected to sequencing analysis. Occult hepatitis B was found in 1.6% of the patients with anti‐HBc alone and in 3.3% of those with anti‐HBe alone. Occult hepatitis B also was found in all HBsAg negative but HBeAg positive samples. Sequencing analysis showed a significant correlation between point mutations within the “a” determinant and occult hepatitis B (P < 0.0001), and a close relationship between pre‐S deletion mutations and occult hepatitis B (P = 0.06). There were unique amino acid mutations at the G145 position other than G145R. The HBV DNA levels in patients with occult hepatitis B were significantly lower than those found in the control group. The “a” determinant mutations and pre‐S deletions may play important roles in occult hepatitis B by affecting the expression, synthesis and secretion of the S protein and by impeding viral release and replication. J. Med. Virol. 85: 979–986, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Case report: Oseltamivir‐induced resistant pandemic influenza A (H1N1) Virus infection in a patient with AIDS and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Authors: van Kampen Jeroen J.A. , Bielefeld‐Buss Astrid J. , Ott Alewijn , Maaskant Jolanda , Faber Harald J. , Lutisan Johan G. , Boucher Charles A.B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is the main cause of severe respiratory failure in patients with advanced HIV disease who do not receive P. jirovecii prophylaxis. Other aetiological agents may contribute to the respiratory failure in these patients, which is highlighted by the case described below: A patient with advanced HIV disease was treated for a dual‐infection with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and P. jirovecii. Initially, his condition improved, but deteriorated after the emergence of oseltamivir‐resistant influenza virus. This is the first documented case of emergence of drug‐resistant influenza virus in a patient infected with HIV with a pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and P. jirovecii double infection. J. Med. Virol. 85: 941–943, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of peginterferon alpha‐2b and entecavir hydrate combination therapy on persistent viral suppression in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Hagiwara Satoru , Kudo Masatoshi , Osaki Yukio , Matsuo Hiroo , Inuzuka Tadashi , Matsumoto Akihiro , Tanaka Eiji , Sakurai Toshiharu , Ueshima Kazuomi , Inoue Tatsuo , Yada Norihisa , Nishida Naoshi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe ideal approach to treat chronic hepatitis B remains controversial. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of peginterferon (PEG‐IFN) α‐2b and entecavir hydrate (ETV) as a combination therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B, particularly in the context of virological response and the reduction of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). A total of 17 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C were enrolled in this study. All subjects were treated with this combination therapy for 48 weeks and observed for an additional 24 weeks. All patients underwent liver biopsy before and after the therapy period. Changes in cccDNA levels and liver histology were monitored between biopsies. Among the 11 patients who exhibited pre‐therapy hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), 8 (73%) showed evidence of HBeAg seroconversion by the end of the follow‐up period. Serum HBV DNA levels decreased by 5.2 and 3.3 log copies/ml (mean) by the end of the therapy and follow‐up periods, respectively. In addition, intrahepatic cccDNA decreased significantly to 1.4 log copies/µg (mean) by the end of the therapy period. Among the 11 patients who did not experience viral relapse, only 2 (18%) exhibited high levels of cccDNA (>4.5 log copies/µg) by the end of the treatment period. In contrast, all relapsed subjects exhibited significantly higher levels of cccDNA than subjects who did not relapse (P = 0.027). The combination regimen is a promising approach to treat chronic hepatitis B and may achieve significant reduction in serum HBV DNA and intrahepatic cccDNA. J. Med. Virol. 85: 987–995, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Emergence of telaprevir‐resistant variants detected by ultra‐deep sequencing after triple therapy in patients infected with HCV genotype 1
Authors: Akuta Norio , Suzuki Fumitaka , Seko Yuya , Kawamura Yusuke , Sezaki Hitomi , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Hosaka Tetsuya , Kobayashi Masahiro , Hara Tasuku , Kobayashi Mariko , Saitoh Satoshi , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractUsing ultra‐deep sequencing technology, the present was designed to investigate whether the emergence of telaprevir‐resistant variants (amino acid substitutions of aa36, aa54, aa155, aa156, and aa170 positions in HCV NS3 region) after commencement of triple therapy of telaprevir/peginterferon (PEG‐IFN)/ribavirin could be predicted at baseline in previous non‐responders to dual therapy. Fourteen patients infected with HCV genotype 1 who did not respond to previous PEG‐IFN/ribavirin, received a 24‐week regimen of triple therapy, and were evaluated for appearance of telaprevir‐resistant variants (amino acid substitutions of more than 0.2% among the total coverage) by ultra‐deep sequencing. The sustained virological response rate was 28.6% (4 of 14 patients), which was significantly higher in patients with Arg70 (substitution at core aa70) and partial response (type of previous response to PEG‐IFN/ribavirin) than in other patients. Telaprevir‐resistant variants at baseline were detected in 7.1% (1 of 14 patients) by direct sequencing and in 21.4% (3 of 14 patients) by ultra‐deep sequencing. The appearance of telaprevir‐resistant variants was examined by ultra‐deep sequencing in 10 who did not show sustained virological responders. De novo variants emerged at re‐elevation of viral load, regardless of variant frequencies at baseline (one patient with very high frequency variants [T54S: 99.9%], two patients with very low frequency variants [V36A: 0.2%; and V170A: 0.4%], and seven patients of undetectable variants). It is concluded that it is difficult to predict at baseline the emergence of telaprevir‐resistant variants after commencement of triple therapy in prior non‐responders of HCV genotype 1, even with the use of ultra‐deep sequencing. J. Med. Virol. 85: 1028–1036, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Results on value distribution of L‐functions
Authors: Li Xiao‐Min , Yi Hong‐Xun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe will establish a theorem concerning value distribution of L‐functions in the Selberg class, which shows how an L‐function and a meromorphic function are uniquely determined by their c‐values and which, as a consequence, proves a result on the uniqueness of the Riemann zeta function. The results in this paper also extend the corresponding ones in Li 6.
Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Concentration on the Mechanical Properties and UV Protection of In Situ Synthesized ABS Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Rodríguez‐Tobías Heriberto , Morales Graciela , Rodríguez‐Fernández Oliverio , Acuña Pablo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA series of ABS/ZnO nanocomposites with different nanoparticles content were synthesized by mass‐mass and mass‐suspension processes. Because nanocomposites obtained through mass‐suspension process had a greater impact resistance than those derived from mass‐mass process, they were subjected to twin‐screw extrusion. The extrusion led to a dramatic morphological change and increase in impact resistance, higher than 100% in most of the cases. On the other hand, the higher the ZnO content, the higher the UV blocking (>95% for 1 and 3% of ZnO) for both materials, before and after extrusion.
Solvent Effects in Semibatch Free Radical Copolymerization of 2‐Hydroxyethyl methacrylate and Styrene at High Temperatures
Authors: Liang Kun , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHigh temperature semibatch free radical copolymerizations of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and styrene (ST) were carried out in xylene and DMF solution. Experimental free monomer and polymer molecular weight (MW) profiles at different temperatures and solvent concentrations are compared to those for ST polymerized with butyl methacrylate (BMA). Solvent choice, through its influence on hydrogen bonding of HEMA monomer, has a significant impact on the polymerization that is not seen for the corresponding ST/BMA reactions. The weight‐average polymer MWs of ST/HEMA are unusually high (>40 kg/mol), a result of branching reactions involving dimethacrylate impurity contained in HEMA monomer. The importance of these branching reactions is also influenced by solvent choice.
A Note on the Elasticity of Polymer Melts Described by Primary Normal Stress Difference (N1)
Authors: García‐Franco César A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA method is proposed to characterize the elastic behavior of polyolefin melts, by calculating the first normal stress difference, N1 as a function of shear rate. The method is predicated on Cogswell's abrupt contraction flow analysis.1 These results are compared with experimental measurements and calculated values with a variety of methods, such as: i) Laun's rule2 for obtaining viscometric functions from linear viscoelastic data, ii) methods proposed by A. Khalik, et. al.3,4 and Wagner,5 for calculating N1 from viscosity data, and iii) N1 values calculated with the Johnson & Segalman constitutive equation.6 These comparisons yield acceptable agreement.
Synthesis of Amphiphilic Symmetrical ABA Triblock Copolymers PS‐b‐PEG‐b‐PS Using a Bifunctional Macro RAFT Agent
Authors: Cortez‐Lemus Norma A. , Baldenebro Víctor , Zizumbo‐Lopez Arturo , Licea‐Claverie Angel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study involves the synthesis, characterization and study of self‐aggregation of PEG‐based amphiphilic triblock copolymers. PEG based difunctional macro RAFT agents were synthesized and characterized. PS‐b‐PEG‐b‐PS block copolymers were synthesized via the RAFT controlled free radical polymerization using the synthesized PEG dual macro RAFT agents. The content of polystyrene blocks on the triblocks was varied from 12% to 36% (based on molecular weight increase), adjusting the synthetic conditions. The triblocks self‐aggregate in Dioxane‐Water mixtures in sizes depending on the water content.
Maximum principle for the finite element solution of time‐dependent anisotropic diffusion problems
Authors: Li Xianping , Huang Weizhang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPreservation of the maximum principle is studied for the combination of the linear finite element method in space and the θ ‐method in time for solving time‐dependent anisotropic diffusion problems. It is shown that the numerical solution satisfies a discrete maximum principle when all element angles of the mesh measured in the metric specified by the inverse of the diffusion matrix are nonobtuse, and the time step size is bounded below and above by bounds proportional essentially to the square of the maximal element diameter. The lower bound requirement can be removed when a lumped mass matrix is used. In two dimensions, the mesh and time step conditions can be replaced by weaker Delaunay‐type conditions. Numerical results are presented to verify the theoretical findings. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Crossing the Limit Towards Deep UV
Authors: Orthaus Sandra , König Marcelle , Schönau Thomas , Buschmann Volker , Tannert Sebastian , Lauritsen Christian , Koberling Felix , Ortmann Uwe , Erdmann Rainer 
Published: April 2013

AbstractConfocal microscopy allows for various fluorescence applications that have found their way into modern biology and medicine leading to new insights into morphology, physiology as well as pathological alterations. Common microscopical analyses include labeling of the sample with extrinsic fluorophores because DNA, saccharides, lipids, membranes, and most cellular structures are non‐fluorescent.
One Frame, Endless Possibilities
Authors: Hempell Wolfgang , Reiss Simon 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTo change the constraints of the traditional microscope system, Olympus has developed an new open source microscopy concept, based on the inverted IX3 microscope frame series. Designed around an accessible infinite light path concept, optical modules can be easily exchanged, moulding the microscope to the diverse requirements of the user. The series suits anything from routine observation to advanced imaging techniques in all live cell applications. Figure 1 shows an image taken using a semi‐confocal observation method with a disc‐scanning unit. The frames can be easily adapted to apply such observation methods.
Improved Approach to Predict the Power of Energetic Materials
Authors: Keshavarz Mohammad Hossein , Seif Farhad 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNowadays, the ballistic mortar is the preferred test for the explosive power measurements but there is no reliable method for its prediction. For an energetic compound, the formation of low molecular mass gaseous products and a high positive heat of formation per unit weight of the energetic compound are important parameters to have a high value of power. A novel method was developed to predict the power by the ballistic mortar test for pure and mixture of energetic materials. It can be used for some important classes of energetic compounds including nitroaromatics, acyclic and cyclic nitramines, nitrate esters, and nitroaliphatics. The presented method is based on the molecular structure of the desired compound and there is no need to use experimental data such as the condensed phase heat of formation. For 84 pure and 24 mixtures of energetic compounds, the calculated power relative to 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (= 100) show good agreement with respect to the measured values.
Antistatic Modification of Lead Styphnate and Lead Azide for Surfactant Applications
Authors: Zhou Mingrui , Li Zhimin , Zhou Zunning , Zhang Tonglai , Wu Bidong , Yang Li , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLead styphnate (LS) and lead azide (LA) must be considered vulnerable to accumulation and discharge of static charge under all conditions. To reduce the risk aroused by static initination hazard in the processing and handling of LS and LA, antistatic modifations of LS and LA are necessary. In this paper, four surfactants were applied to improve the antistatic abilities of lead styphnate and lead azide. The results showed that lauryl dimethylamine betaine (BS‐12) is significantly able to reduce the electrostatic accumulation of LS and LA. In addition, possible correlations of electrostatic accumulation with assumption and approximation could be drawn from the surfactant surface concentration. The electrostatic sensitivities, the 5 s delay explosion temperatures, and the thermal decomposition profiles of the compounds were measured. Selected products were additionally investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For LS the performance of the products with additives was less affected, whereas for LA the sensitivity of the products in the presence of surfactants was distinctly reduced. The surfactants which are preferably compatible with LS and LA do not affect their thermal stability.