bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promotion of Colorectal Cancer Invasion and Metastasis through Activation of NOTCH–DAB1–ABL–RHOGEF Protein TRIO
Authors: Sonoshita Masahiro , Itatani Yoshiro , Kakizaki Fumihiko , Sakimura Kenji , Terashima Toshio , Katsuyama Yu , Sakai Yoshiharu , Taketo M. Mark 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We have recently identified a metastasis suppressor gene for colorectal cancer: AES/Aes, which encodes an endogenous inhibitor of NOTCH signaling. When Aes is knocked out in the adenomatous epithelium of intestinal polyposis mice, their tumors become malignant, showing marked submucosal invasion and intravasation. Here, we show that one of the genes induced by NOTCH signaling in colorectal cancer is DAB1/Dab1. Genetic depletion of DAB1 suppresses cancer invasion and metastasis in the NOTCH signaling–activated mice. DAB1 is phosphorylated by ABL tyrosine kinase, which activates ABL reciprocally. Consistently, inhibition of ABL suppresses cancer invasion in mice. Furthermore, we show that one of the targets of ABL is the RAC/RHOGEF protein TRIO, and that phosphorylation at its Tyr residue 2681 (pY2681) causes RHO activation in colorectal cancer cells. Its unphosphorylatable mutation TRIO Y2681F reduces RHOGEF activity and inhibits invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Importantly, TRIO pY2681 correlates with significantly poorer prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer after surgery.
Significance: These results indicate that TRIO pY2681 is one of the downstream effectors of NOTCH signaling activation in colorectal cancer, and can be a prognostic marker, helping to determine the therapeutic modality of patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Discov; 5(2); 198–211. ©2014 AACR.
See related commentary by Kranenburg, p. 115
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 97
Pediatric Tracheostomy
Authors: Van Buren Nicholas C. , Narasimhan Evan R. , Curtis Jonathan L. , Muntz Harlan R. , Meier Jeremy D. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives: No consensus exists on appropriate timing for the first tracheostomy tube change. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of early tracheostomy change in the pediatric population. Methods: A case series of all children undergoing tracheostomy at a tertiary children’s hospital between 2008-2013 was retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 151 children undergoing tracheostomy were identified. The average age was 48.1 ± 66 months and median age was 10 months. The initial tracheostomy tube change occurred on postoperative day 3 (POD 3) in 65 children (43.0%) safely without any complications. Conclusions: Early tracheostomy tube change was safely performed in a significant portion of this population. Routine tube change on POD 3 in many children could save resources by reducing the length of ICU and hospital stays.
En sus proprias palabras (in their own words): Latina women’s perspectives on enablers of HIV testing using freelisting
Authors: Morrison Sharon D , Sudha S , Herrera Samantha , Ruiz Carolina , Thomas Emma 
Published: November 2014

Objective: Comprehensive information on the facilitators of HIV testing in Latino women (Latinas) in the Southeastern USA is lacking. Efforts to rectify this should include Latina perspectives on the issue. This study aimed to (1) solicit Latina perspectives using qualitative methodology and (2) characterise enablers of HIV testing follow-through. Method: The study used the freelisting interview approach to document the perspectives of Latinas (18 years and older). The purposive sample included HIV-tested ( n = 21) and non-tested ( n = 10) women. The setting was Non-Traditional Counseling, Testing and Referral Sites in five counties in Central North Carolina, USA. The protocol was guided by the PEN-3 framework, which aims to take culture into account as part of health education. The focus was on the enablers (i.e. social groups, networks, information channels, systems and environments) of health behaviours. Results: While participants listed 66 enablers, 37 met the criteria for analyses. The top 10 enablers were TV advertisements/commercials, friends, personal health, family wellbeing, children, TV shows, pamphlets, self-interest, knowing someone HIV positive and spouse/partner. The most salient enabler for HIV-tested Latinas was children. For non-tested Latinas, it was friends. Conclusion: Freelisting proved to be a simple and effective data collection strategy with literate and low-literate women, providing culturally relevant concepts for inclusion in subsequent quantitative survey instruments. Study participants identified a number of important enablers that could serve as supports or reinforcements for health education outreach and interventions to enhance HIV testing uptake.
Increased Syk phosphorylation leads to overexpression of TRAF6 in peripheral B cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Iwata S , Yamaoka K , Niiro H , Jabbarzadeh-Tabrizi S , Wang S-P , Kondo M , Yoshikawa M , Akashi K , Tanaka Y 
Published: November 2014

Objective Activation of B cells is a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Syk and TRAF6 are key signaling molecules in B-cell activation through BCR and CD40/TLR, respectively. Nevertheless, whether expression of Syk and TRAF6 is altered in SLE B cells remains unknown. Methods Phosphorylation and/or expression of Syk and TRAF6 were analyzed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from SLE patients. Results Pronounced phosphorylation and expression of Syk were noted in B cells from SLE patients compared with healthy donors. Levels of Syk phosphorylation correlated with the disease activity score. TRAF6 was significantly over-expressed in B cells of SLE patients as compared with healthy donors, and significant correlation of levels of TRAF6 expression and Syk phosphorylation was observed in SLE patients. Levels of TRAF6 expression were more pronounced in CD27+ memory B cells than in CD27-naïve B cells. In vitro treatment of SLE B cells with a Syk inhibitor (BAY61-3606) reduced Syk phosphorylation as well as TRAF6 expression. Conclusion Our results suggest that the activated Syk-mediated TRAF6 pathway leads to aberrant activation of B cells in SLE, and also highlight Syk as a potential target for B-cell-mediated processes in SLE.
Comparison of the Educational Needs of Neonatologists and Neonatal Nurses Regarding Palliative Care in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Min-Chun , Chen Yong-Chuan , Chen Chao-Huei , Lu Frank Leigh , Hsiao Chien-Chou , Peng Niang-Huei 
Published: November 2014

Background: Education and training are very critical to development of high-quality neonatal palliative care. However, little investigation has been done into Taiwanese neonatal clinicians’ educational needs regarding neonatal palliative care. Purposes: The purposes of this study were to characterize and identify neonatal clinicians’ educational needs regarding neonatal palliative care. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive surveyed method via a self administered questionnaire was used in this research. Thirty neonatologists were recruited by a convenience sampling and 30 nurses were recruited by a randomized sampling. Results: Out of sixty neonatal clinicians’ survey, few had received the education in neonatal palliative care. Most reported minimal training in, experience with, and knowledge of neonatal palliative care. For neonatologists, two of twelve most strongly-felt educational needs were “discussing palliative care and ethical decision-making with parents” (70%) and “informing parents the poor progress in neonates” (63.3%). In contrast, neonatal nurses wanted more training regarding pain control (50%). Communication skills, including the discussing poor prognosis, bad news, and code status and talking with neonates about end-of-life care, were the educational need most commonly felt by both neonatologists and nurses. Conclusions: Survey data from neonatologists and neonatal nurses in Taiwan indicate a need for further training on a range of neonatal palliative care competencies.
Late-onset multiple sclerosis presenting with cognitive dysfunction and severe cortical/infratentorial atrophy
Authors: Calabrese Massimiliano , Gajofatto Alberto , Gobbin Francesca , Turri Giulia , Richelli Silvia , Matinella Angela , Oliboni Eugenio Simone , Benedetti Maria Donata , Monaco Salvatore 
Published: November 2014

Objective: Although cognitive dysfunction is a relevant aspect of multiple sclerosis (MS) from the earliest disease phase, cognitive onset is unusual thus jeopardizing early and accurate diagnosis. Here we describe 12 patients presenting with cognitive dysfunction as primary manifestation of MS with either mild or no impairment in non-cognitive neurological domains. Methods: Twelve patients with cognitive onset who were subsequently diagnosed with MS (CI-MS) were included in this retrospective study. Twelve cognitively normal MS patients (CN-MS), 12 healthy controls and four patients having progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) served as the reference population. Results: Ten CI-MS patients had progressive clinical course and all patients had late disease onset (median age = 49 years; range = 40–58 years). Among cognitive functions, frontal domains were the most involved. Compared to CN-MS and healthy controls, significant cortical and infratentorial atrophy characterized CI-MS patients. Selective atrophy of midbrain tegmentum with relative sparing of pons, known as “The Hummingbird sign,” was observed in eight CI-MS and in three PSP patients. Discussion: Our observation suggests that MS diagnosis should be taken into consideration in case of cognitive dysfunction, particularly when associated with slowly progressive disease course and severe cortical, cerebellar and brainstem atrophy even in the absence of other major neurological symptoms and signs.
Impact of anger on the health-related quality of life of multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Labiano-Fontcuberta Andrés , Mitchell Alex J , Moreno-García Sara , Puertas-Martín Verónica , Benito-León Julián 
Published: November 2014

Background: There is evidence of the presence of a disturbed pattern of anger in multiple sclerosis (MS). Emotion changes, including anger, are thought to influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, although deleterious consequences of anger on physical health have been well reported, there are no studies that have analysed the effects of anger on the HRQoL in patients with MS. Our purpose was to assess the extent to which anger impacts on the HRQoL of a cohort of MS patients. Methods: One hundred and fifty-seven consecutive MS patients were enrolled in the study. Participants were administered affective trait measures (Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory) and anger measures (the Spanish adapted version of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2). HRQoL was quantified using the Functional Assessment of MS. Results: Linear regression analyses revealed that even after controlling for socio-demographic and clinical variables, higher levels of anger expression-in (tendency to handle anger by keeping it inside) independently predicted worse overall HRQoL of MS patients (β = −0.15, p = 0.04). We further found that this relationship was moderated by gender, showing that anger expression-in is a more influential predictor of the HRQoL in women with MS. Conclusion: The present study provides evidence that anger negatively affects the HRQoL of MS patients. Our results may have implications for those involved in treating emotional complications of MS and especially regarding psychotherapeutic interventions to improve HRQoL of MS patients.
Peginterferon beta-1a in multiple sclerosis: 2-year results from ADVANCE
Authors: Kieseier Bernd C , Arnold Douglas L , Balcer Laura J , Boyko Alexey A , Pelletier Jean , Liu Shifang , Zhu Ying , Seddighzadeh Ali , Hung Serena , Deykin Aaron , Sheikh Sarah I , Calabresi Peter A 
Published: November 2014

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous peginterferon beta-1a over 2 years in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis in the ADVANCE study. Methods: Patients were randomized to placebo or 125 µg peginterferon beta-1a every 2 or 4 weeks. For Year 2 (Y2), patients originally randomized to placebo were re-randomized to peginterferon beta-1a every 2 weeks or every 4 weeks. Patients randomized to peginterferon beta-1a in Year 1 (Y1) remained on the same dosing regimen in Y2. Results: Compared with Y1, annualized relapse rate (ARR) was further reduced in Y2 with every 2 week dosing (Y1: 0.230 [95% CI 0.183–0.291], Y2: 0.178 [0.136–0.233]) and maintained with every 4 week dosing (Y1: 0.286 [0.231–0.355], Y2: 0.291 [0.231–0.368]). Patients starting peginterferon beta-1a from Y1 displayed improved efficacy versus patients initially assigned placebo, with reductions in ARR (every 2 weeks: 37%, p<0.0001; every 4 weeks: 17%, p=0.0906), risk of relapse (every 2 weeks: 39%, p<0.0001; every 4 weeks: 19%, p=0.0465), 12-week disability progression (every 2 weeks: 33%, p=0.0257; every 4 weeks: 25%, p=0.0960), and 24-week disability progression (every 2 weeks: 41%, p=0.0137; every 4 weeks: 9%, p=0.6243). Over 2 years, greater reductions were observed with every 2 week versus every 4 week dosing for all endpoints and peginterferon beta-1a was well tolerated. Conclusions: Peginterferon beta-1a efficacy is maintained beyond 1 year, with greater effects observed with every 2 week versus every 4 week dosing, and a similar safety profile to Y1. Clinicaltrials.gov Registration Number: NCT00906399.
Oral health among preschool children with autism spectrum disorders: A case-control study
Authors: Du Rennan Y , Yiu Cynthia KY , King Nigel M , Wong Virginia CN , McGrath Colman PJ 
Published: November 2014

Aim: To assess and compare the oral health status of preschool children with and without autism spectrum disorders. Methods: A random sample of 347 preschool children with autism spectrum disorder was recruited from 19 Special Child Care Centres in Hong Kong. An age- and gender-matched sample was recruited from mainstream preschools as the control group. Dental caries status, gingival health status, tooth wear, malocclusion, dental trauma and oral mucosal health were assessed and compared between the two groups. Results: It was feasible to conduct a comprehensive oral health screening among 74.1% (257) of the children with autism spectrum disorder. The mean age was 59 ± 10 months (range from 32 to 77 months), of whom 84.4% were males. Children with autism spectrum disorder had better gingival health than children without autism spectrum disorder (mean plaque score and gingival score p < 0.001). Children with autism spectrum disorder had less caries experiences than children without autism spectrum disorder (mean decayed, missing and filled surfaces and decayed surfaces, p < 0.05). Children with and without autism spectrum disorder had similar prevalence of tooth wear, malocclusion, dental trauma experience and oral mucosal lesions ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: Differences in oral health status exist among preschool children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Preschool children with autism spectrum disorder exhibited lower caries experiences and better gingival health than children without autism spectrum disorder.
Exploratory Factor Analysis
Authors: Reio Thomas G. , Shuck Brad 
Published: November 2014

The Problem Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) serves many useful purposes in human resource development (HRD) research. The most frequent applications of EFA among researchers consists of reducing relatively large sets of variables into more manageable ones, developing and refining a new instrument’s scales, and exploring relations among variables to build theory. Because researchers face a number of decisions when conducting EFA that can involve some subjectivity (e.g., factor extraction method, rotation), poor analytic decisions regarding how the EFA should be conducted (e.g., number of factors to extract) can produce misleading findings to the detriment of these efforts, especially theory building. The Solution Steps must be taken to improve the quality of the decision making associated with conducting EFAs if sound theory building and research related to this statistical method is to continue. Higher quality EFAs facilitate higher quality theory building and research. The Stakeholders HRD theorists, researchers, and scholar-practitioners are the intended audience of this article. In particular, those interested in refining measures and theory building would benefit most from being exposed to best EFA decision-making practices.
Perceived Motives in the Political Arena
Authors: Doherty David 
Published: November 2014

People care about more than the substance of policy outcomes. They also care about how political decisions are made. In this article, I report findings from national surveys and two survey experiments that shed light on the factors that affect how people attribute motives to politicians. I find that party cues, policy preferences, and other factors affect which motives people see as the most important explanations for a representative’s behavior. I also find suggestive evidence that people are not strictly averse to representatives who are motivated by political self-interest. Instead, they appear to be more concerned with the extent to which a representative is motivated by his or her genuinely held preferences and a desire to serve the public. The findings constitute an important step toward understanding how people attribute motives in the political arena and the potential consequences of these judgments about what drives politicians’ behavior. Critics accuse Joe Biden of running for President for political reasons. Veteran presidential candidate Sen. Joseph Biden (D-DE) is once again facing criticism that his bid for the nation’s highest office is based solely on political reasons. “This campaign is nothing more than a naked power-grab by a man who wants only to pursue his own leadership agendas by heading the nation’s executive branch . . ..” Biden, who encountered similar accusations during his first presidential run in 1988, once again declined to respond to the allegations, only saying that he wished to make America a stronger nation and a better place to live.
Partial capitate shortening for Kienböck’s disease
Authors: Citlak A. , Akgun U. , Bulut T. , Tahta M. , Dirim Mete B. , Sener M. 
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this study was to report our experience of partial capitate shortening in seven patients with a median 38 months follow-up. Staging was made by the Lichtman classification system and stage II and III-A patients were included in the study. The mean age was 34 years (range 22–52). Patients were assessed for pain, range of motion, grip and pinch strength, and satisfaction was recorded using a scale between 0 and 4. All these parameters showed improvement after surgery. The Lichtman stage, lunate height index and carpal height index were determined radiographically. Magnetic resonance images of the wrist were studied for lunate revascularization at the final follow-up and occurred in all patients. According to our study, partial capitate shortening seems an effective treatment for Lichtman stage II and III-A patients. Level IV case series study.
Effects of gender, cytokine gene polymorphisms and environmental factors on inflammatory responses
Authors: Moscovis Sophia M , Cox Amanda , Hall Sharron T , Burns Christine J , Scott Rodney J , Blackwell C Caroline 
Published: November 2014

Previous studies have indicated that cytokine gene polymorphisms of Indigenous Australians were predominantly associated with strong pro-inflammatory responses. We tested the hypothesis that cells of donors with genetic profiles of inflammatory cytokine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) similar to Indigenous Australians produce higher pro-inflammatory responses. PBMCs from 14 donors with genetic profiles for a high risk of strong pro-inflammatory responses and 14 with low-risk profiles were stimulated with endotoxin and effects of gender, IFN-γ, cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and testosterone on cytokine responses analysed. Cytokines were calculated from standard curves (Luminex 2.3 software). No significant differences were associated with SNP profile alone. Lower pro-inflammatory responses were observed for cells from males with low- or high-risk profiles. For cells from females with high-risk profiles, anti-inflammatory IL-10 responses were significantly reduced. There was no effect of testosterone levels on responses from males. For females, results from IFN-γ-treated cells showed positive correlations between testosterone levels and IL-1β responses to endotoxin for both risk groups and TNF-α for the high-risk group. If interactions observed among CSE, IFN-γ, genetic background and testosterone reflect those in vivo, these might contribute to increased incidences of hospitalisations for infectious diseases among Indigenous women.
Sustainability and power in health promotion: community-based participatory research in a reproductive health policy case study in New Mexico
Authors: Mendes Rosilda , Plaza Veronica , Wallerstein Nina 
Published: November 2014

Health promotion programs are commonly viewed as value-free initiatives which seek to improve health, often through behavior change. An opposing view has begun to emerge that health promotion efforts, especially ones seeking to impact health policy and social determinants of health, are vulnerable to political contexts and may depend on who is in power at the time. This community-based participatory research study attempts to understand these interactions by applying a conceptual model focused on the power context, diverse stakeholder roles within this context, and the relationship of political levers and other change strategies to the sustainability of health promotion interventions aimed at health policy change. We present a case study of a health promotion coalition, New Mexico for Responsible Sex Education (NMRSE), as an example of power dynamics and change processes. Formed in 2005 in response to federal policies mandating abstinence-only education, NMRSE includes community activists, health promotion staff from the New Mexico Department of Health, and policy-maker allies. Applying an adapted Mayer’s ‘power analysis’ instrument, we conducted semi-structured stakeholder interviews and triangulated political-context analyses from the perspective of the stakeholders. We identified multiple understandings of sustainability and health promotion policy change, including: the importance of diverse stakeholders working together in coalition and social networks; their distinct positions of power within their political contexts; the role of science versus advocacy in change processes; the particular challenges for public sector health promotion professionals; and other facilitators versus barriers to action. One problem that emerged consisted of the challenges for state employees to engage in health promotion advocacy due to limitations imposed on their activities by state and federal policies. This investigation’s results include a refined conceptual model, a power-analysis instrument, and new understandings of the intersection of power and stakeholder strategies in the sustainability of health promotion and health in all policies.