bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of SLAP2 and GISP δ17O and proposed VSMOW‐SLAP normalization for δ17O and 17Oexcess
Authors: Schoenemann Spruce W. , Schauer Andrew J. , Steig Eric J. 
Published: February 2013

RATIONALEThe absence of an agreed‐upon δ17O value for the primary reference water SLAP leads to significant discrepancies in the reported values of δ17O and the parameter 17Oexcess. The accuracy of δ17O and 17Oexcess values is significantly improved if the measurements are normalized using a two‐point calibration, following the convention for δ2H and δ18O values.METHODSNew measurements of the δ17O values of SLAP2 and GISP are presented and compared with published data. Water samples were fluorinated with CoF3. Helium carried the O2 product to a 5A (4.2 to 4.4 Å) molecular sieve trap submerged in liquid nitrogen. The O2 sample was introduced into a dual‐inlet ThermoFinnigan MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer for measurement of m/z 32, 33, and 34. The δ18O and δ17O values were calculated after 90 comparisons with an O2 reference gas.RESULTSWe propose that the accepted δ17O value of SLAP be defined in terms of δ18O = −55.5 ‰ and 17Oexcess = 0, yielding a δ17O value of approximately −29.6968 ‰. Using this definition for SLAP and the recommended normalization procedure, the δ17O value of GISP is −13.16 ± 0.05 ‰ and the 17Oexcess value of GISP is 22 ± 11 per meg. Correcting previous published values of GISP δ17O to both VSMOW and SLAP improves the inter‐laboratory precision by about 10 per meg.CONCLUSIONSThe data generated here and compiled from previous studies provide a substantial volume of evidence to evaluate the various normalization techniques currently used for triple oxygen isotope measurements. We recommend that reported δ17O and 17Oexcess values be normalized to the VSMOW‐SLAP scale, using a definition of SLAP such that its 17Oexcess is exactly zero. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovery of gymnodimine fatty acid ester metabolites in shellfish using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: de la Iglesia P. , McCarron P. , Diogène J. , Quilliam M. A. 
Published: February 2013

RATIONALEGymnodimines (GYMs) are fast‐acting toxins that belong to the cyclic imine group, a subclass of lipophilic marine toxins. GYMs are considered to be emerging toxins but have not yet been linked to incidents of human poisoning, Limited knowledge on the metabolism of GYMs means that a proper risk assessment has not been possible and caution must be taken when establishing the relevance of GYMs in terms of food safety of marine products.METHODSA series of mass spectrometric experiments involving precursor and product ion scans, selected reaction monitoring (SRM), and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (MS) were used to detect and confirm 10‐O‐acyl esters of gymnodimine‐A (1).RESULTSWe have detected for the first time the presence of a range of acyl ester derivatives of GYMs in shellfish samples from the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia. The MS fragmentation pathways of 1 and its esters were also elucidated. Partial synthesis of a palmitic acid ester of 1 facilitated confirmation of identity and calibration of SRM analyses. Evidence of acyl ester metabolites of gymnodimine‐B and ‐C was also obtained.CONCLUSIONSA semi‐quantitative analysis indicated that the majority of GYMs present in the sample were in the acylated form (>90%), suggesting that these compounds must not be neglected when trying to understand the risks associated with GYMs. There is a clear need for toxicology studies on these esters and assessment of bio‐availability to humans. Copyright © 2013 Crown in the right of Canada and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A post‐quantum provable data possession protocol in cloud
Authors: Chen Liang , Han Lansheng , Jing Jiandu , Hu Dongping 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTProvable data possession (PDP) is a model for efficiently checking the integrity of data in cloud storage. Most previous PDP protocols are insecure when quantum computers are considered. In this paper, we propose a homomorphic hash‐based PDP (HH‐PDP) protocol from ideal lattice assumptions. Firstly, we prove that a collision‐resistant hash function family is homomorphic. Then, we use the homomorphism to generate homomorphic verification tags and further construct a new PDP protocol. The security of the proposed protocol relies on the assumed worst‐case hardness of ideal lattice problems, which hold a great promise for post‐quantum cryptography. We prove that the proposed protocol guarantees data possession in the standard model if the shortest polynomial problem is hard. As the main operations in our construction are addition and multiplication on small integers, the proposed protocol is more efficient than previous protocols. Experimental result shows that HH‐PDP is approximately five times cheaper in preprocessing and checking proof, half cost in generating proof compared with the most efficient PDP protocol proposed by Ateniese et al. in 2011. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of privacy problem solving using device and user authentication for M2M environments
Authors: Kim Jin‐Mook , Jeong Hwa‐Young , Hong Bong‐Hwa 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTInside a machine‐to‐machine (M2M) environment, a device is very much a communication subject. Machine and gateways are important communication subjects. It can be collecting or storing surrounding information as user's intention. There is a case that infringes other person's privacy such as not passing through a certification process of the user or communication chairman who requests communications among the information that is collected by the machine. Therefore, we wish to propose privacy problem solving using device and user authentication (PSDUA) that can support the certification process between device and user communicating the subject in M2M environment and can support the user in another certification work about various services. PSDUA proposes a design that can pass through a light certification process based on existent system. For example, Kerberos and public key infrastructure (PKI) can support very heavy certification process but our proposed scheme cannot. However, our proposed system can act easily and fast and that gradual access may be possible using time stamp, device identification, and user log‐in information. It can also protect privacy information of other person or machines that are not the subject of communication. Additionally, we also check about confidentiality, integrity, and safety of machine‐in‐the‐middle attack. Also, we can show safety in our proposed system. Our proposed scheme will provide solutions on various securities privacy problems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isothermal Hybridization Kinetics of DNA Assembly of Two‐Dimensional DNA Origami
Authors: Song Jie , Zhang Zhao , Zhang Shuai , Liu Lei , Li Qiang , Xie Erqing , Gothelf Kurt Vesterager , Besenbacher Flemming , Dong Mingdong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Watson–Crick base‐pairing with specificity and predictability makes DNA molecules suitable for building versatile nanoscale structures and devices, and the DNA origami method enables researchers to incorporate more complexities into DNA‐based devices. Thermally controlled atomic force microscopy in combination with nanomechanical spectroscopy with forces controlled in the pico Newton (pN) range as a novel technique is introduced to directly investigate the kinetics of multistrand DNA hybridization events on DNA origami nanopores under defined isothermal conditions. For the synthesis of DNA nanostructures under isothermal conditions at 60 °C, a higher hybridization rate, fewer defects, and a higher stability are achieved compared to room‐temperature studies. By quantifying the assembly times for filling pores in origami structures at several constant temperatures, the fill factors show a consistent exponential increase over time. Furthermore, the local hybridization rate can be accelerated by adding a higher concentration of the staples. The new insight gained on the kinetics of staple‐scaffold hybridization on the synthesis of two dimensional DNA origami structures may open up new routes and ideas for designing DNA assembly systems with increased potential for their application.
Transpressive inversion of a Mesozoic extensional forced fold system with an intermediate décollement level in the Basque‐Cantabrian Basin (Spain)
Authors: Tavani Stefano , Carola Eloi , Granado Pablo , Quintà Anna , Muñoz Josep Anton 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn the Basque‐Cantabrian Basin (Spain), normal faulting and associated folding occurred during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rifting. Cenozoic Pyrenean thick‐skinned transpressive inversion in the western parts of the basin preserved the first‐order extensional architecture. Integration of geological maps and seismic profiles has permitted to fully constrain the style of extensional deformation and subsequent inversion in the western portion of the Basque‐Cantabrian Basin. Extensional faults offset the Paleozoic basement up to Lower Triassic rocks. The presence of an efficient décollement level represented by Triassic evaporites produced the decoupling between basement rocks and the Upper Triassic to Middle Jurassic prerift cover sequence. Extensional forced folding occurred in the cover, driven by basement faulting and the migration of evaporites toward the hanging wall of the extensional faults, with salt welds developing away from them. Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous syn‐rift sediments deposited synchronously with forced folding, which led to the development of extensional growth geometries associated with both master faults and nearly‐transverse faults. Syn‐rift growth sequences are characterized by downlap and onlap relationships with the underlying prerift units, interpreted as the result of along‐strike variations of master fault extensional displacement rate. Cenozoic Pyrenean contraction generated the right‐lateral transpressive inversion of basement master faults and the almost dip‐slip reactivation of transverse extensional faults.
The chemical characterization and tectonic significance of ophiolite terrains in southeastern Papua New Guinea
Authors: Smith Ian E. M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe evolution of the southeastern Gondwana margin in the Papua New Guinea segment is manifested by ophiolites signifying plate collision, volcanic arcs marking subduction, and metamorphic core complexes that have developed during extensional events and exhumation associated with sea floor spreading in the Woodlark Basin to the east. In detail the Papuan Ultramafic Belt marks a well‐documented collision between continental crust and a subduction system. However, to the southeast, an extensive sequence of basaltic rocks known as the Milne Terrain is more problematic. Geochemical data indicate that these upper Cretaceous and Eocene rocks have MORB‐type affinities, and their most likely tectonic association is with the opening of the Coral Sea Basin. Milne Terrain rocks represent the lower plate in the obduction system along which the Papuan Ultramafic Belt was emplaced, and thus they are the structural equivalent of the continental crust which was separated from the Australian continental block by the opening of the Coral Sea. Spectacular uplift (>4 km) of the oceanic basaltic crust of the Milne Terrain may be due to the underlying presence of underplated material associated with a Late Miocene‐Pliocene episode of subduction immediately prior to the encroachment of the Woodlark spreading center into the Papuan area.
Structural and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility records of granitoid sheets emplacement during growth of a continental gneiss dome (Central Sudetes, European Variscan Belt)
Authors: Lehmann Jérémie , Schulmann Karel , Edel Jean–Bernard , Ježek Josef , Hrouda František , Lexa Ondrej , Chopin Francis 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGranitoid magmatic sheets emplaced syntectonically during growth of the Orlica‐Śnieżnik mantled gneiss dome (Central Sudetes, European Variscan belt) were examined by means of structural geology, quartz, and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) fabric studies. Magmatic emplacement was localized along the eastern transpressive margin of the high metamorphic core and below the low‐grade detached mantle rimming the southern margin of the dome. In the first area, the magmatic sheets were emplaced parallel to the dilated subhorizontal foliation of an anisotropic pre‐orogenic block. The resulting melt‐host rock multilayer localized the transpressive zone along which the bulk of magma was emplaced. The AMS study shows an across‐strike fabric zonation underlying a strongly transpressive solid‐state deformation in the hanging‐wall, magmatic subhorizontal fabric in the foot‐wall and a transitional fabric in the center of the intrusion. In contrast, along the southern dome margin, magmatic sheets intruded along steep foliations of weakly metamorphic mantle rocks, and are affected by recumbent folding and subhorizontal shearing. The bulk of the sheets present a shallow‐dipping magmatic foliation and an along‐strike magmatic lineation. The variations of the quartz and magnetic fabrics are attributed to superimposition of pure shear‐dominated ductile thinning followed by simple shear‐dominated detachment onto the original steep fabric. AMS modeling confirms the role of variation of orientation of pre‐intrusive anisotropy during progressive deformation on the resulting fabric pattern and helps explaining observed variations in fabric orientations and symmetries. This study highlights contrasting mechanical behavior of syntectonically emplaced magmas in different parts of a growing crustal‐scale mantled gneiss dome.
China's National Champions: The Evolution of a National Industrial Policy—Or a New Era of Economic Protectionism?
Authors: Hemphill Thomas A. , White George O. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this article we ask a series of related research questions concerning China's recent industrial policies, particularly the 10th and 11th five‐year economic policy plans. Our questions go to the nature of China's long‐term competitiveness of its national champions, and to what extent Chinese government policies are evolving to domestic protectionism that adversely affects foreign invested enterprises' (FIEs) competitive position in the Chinese economy. We thus evaluate the nature of the five‐year economic policy plans, their adverse impact on FIEs operating in China, and the rise of designated Chinese national champions (in the 11th five‐year economic policy plan) to compete with major FIEs on a global scale. However, we suggest that the role of the Chinese government's recent industrial policy, when compared to Michael Porter's “Diamond of National Competitive Advantage” recommended government policy approaches, may not augur well in the long‐term for China's national champions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Value of adding second‐trimester uterine artery Doppler to patient characteristics in identification of nulliparous women at increased risk for pre‐eclampsia: an individual patient data meta‐analysis
Authors: Kleinrouweler C. E. , Bossuyt P. M. M. , Thilaganathan B. , Vollebregt K. C. , Arenas Ramírez J. , Ohkuchi A. , Deurloo K. L. , Macleod M. , Diab A. E. , Wolf H. , van der Post J. A. M. , Mol B. W. J. , Pajkrt E. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the value of adding second‐trimester uterine artery Doppler ultrasound to patient characteristics in the identification of nulliparous women at risk for pre‐eclampsia.MethodsFor this individual patient data meta‐analysis, studies published between January 1995 and December 2009 were identified in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Studies were eligible in which Doppler assessment of the uterine arteries had been performed among pregnant women and in which gestational age at ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound findings and data on the occurrence of pre‐eclampsia were available. We invited corresponding authors to share their original datasets. Data were included of nulliparous women who had had a second‐trimester uterine artery Doppler ultrasound examination. Shared data were checked for consistency, recoded to acquire uniformity and merged into a single dataset. We constructed random intercept logistic regression models for each of the patient and Doppler characteristics in isolation and for combinations. We compared goodness of fit, discrimination and calibration.ResultsWe analyzed eight datasets, reporting on 6708 nulliparous women, of whom 302 (4.5%) developed pre‐eclampsia. Doppler findings included higher, lower and mean pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) and any or bilateral notching. Of these, the best predictors were combinations of mean PI or RI and bilateral notching, with areas under the receiver–operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.75 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56–0.95) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.66–0.74), respectively. Addition of Doppler findings to the patient characteristics blood pressure or body mass index (BMI) significantly improved discrimination. A model with blood pressure, PI and bilateral notching had an AUC of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.67–1.00).ConclusionsThe addition of Doppler characteristics of mean PI or RI and bilateral notching to patient characteristics of blood pressure or BMI improves the identification of nulliparous women at risk for pre‐eclampsia. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Nuclear RNA surveillance: role of TRAMP in controlling exosome specificity
Authors: Schmidt Karyn , Butler J. Scott 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe advent of high‐throughput sequencing technologies has revealed that pervasive transcription generates RNAs from nearly all regions of eukaryotic genomes. Normally, these transcripts undergo rapid degradation by a nuclear RNA surveillance system primarily featuring the RNA exosome. This multimeric protein complex plays a critical role in the efficient turnover and processing of a vast array of RNAs in the nucleus. Despite its initial discovery over a decade ago, important questions remain concerning the mechanisms that recruit and activate the nuclear exosome. Specificity and modulation of exosome activity requires additional protein cofactors, including the conserved TRAMP polyadenylation complex. Recent studies suggest that helicase and RNA‐binding subunits of TRAMP direct RNA substrates for polyadenylation, which enhances their degradation by Dis3/Rrp44 and Rrp6, the two exosome‐associated ribonucleases. These findings indicate that the exosome and TRAMP have evolved highly flexible functions that allow recognition of a wide range of RNA substrates. This flexibility provides the nuclear RNA surveillance system with the ability to regulate the levels of a broad range of coding and noncoding RNAs, which results in profound effects on gene expression, cellular development, gene silencing, and heterochromatin formation. This review summarizes recent findings on the nuclear RNA surveillance complexes, and speculates upon possible mechanisms for TRAMP‐mediated substrate recognition and exosome activation. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:217–231. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1155This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > 3' End Processing
RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
The role ofApodemusmice andMicrotusvoles in the diet of the Tengmalm's owl in Central Europe
Authors: Zárybnická Markéta , Riegert Jan , Št'astný Karel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBased on a long‐term dataset (1999–2010), we investigated how the availability of main prey affects the breeding density and food ecology of the Tengmalm's owl (Aegolius funereus) in the Czech Republic. In particular, we assessed the role ofMicrotusvoles andApodemusmice in the diet, based on the main predictions of the optimal diet theory that the diet composition depends on the availability of the main prey. We found that (i) the Tengmalm's owl exhibited no numerical response to the availability ofMicrotusvoles andApodemusmice in the field; (ii) the availability ofApodemusmice in the field positively affected their proportion in the diet (26 %), and despite a high proportion ofMicrotusvoles in the owls’ diet (47 %), no relationship was found between their availability in the field and proportion in the diet; (iii) the proportion ofApodemusmice was negatively correlated to the proportion ofMicrotusvoles,Sorexshrews and birds in the diet, but no similar relationship was detected forMicrotusvoles; (iv) the reproductive output of Tengmalm's owls was positively correlated to the proportion ofApodemusmice in the diet, as well as toApodemusmice andMicrotusvole availability in the field; and (v) diet diversity and diet overlap were not significantly affected by the abundance ofApodemusmice andMicrotusvoles. Therefore, the validity of these main optimal diet theory predictions was not confirmed, especially forMicrotusvole prey, due to an opportunistic choice betweenApodemusmice andMicrotusvoles. We suggest that the reproductive output of nocturnal raptors in Central Europe may be less dependent onMicrotusvole supply than that of their northern counterparts.
Pressure statistics in self-similar freely decaying isotropic turbulence
Authors: Meldi Marcello , Sagaut Pierre 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe time evolution of pressure statistics in freely decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT) is investigated via eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian (EDQNM) computations. The present results show that the time decay rate of pressure-based statistical quantities, such as pressure variance and pressure gradient variance, are sensitive to the breakdown of permanence of large eddies. New formulae for the associated time-decay exponents are proposed, which extend previous relations proposed in Lesieur, Ossia & Metais (Phys. Fluids, vol. 11, 1999, p. 1535). Particular attention is paid to finite-Reynolds-number (FRN) effects on the pressure spectrum and pressure statistics. The results also suggest that $R{e}_{\lambda } = O(1{0}^{4} )$ must be considered to observe a one-decade inertial range in the pressure spectrum with Kolmogorov $- 7/ 3$ scaling. This threshold value is larger than almost all existing direct numerical simulation (DNS) and experimental data, justifying the discussion about other possible scaling laws. The $- 5/ 3$ slope reported in some DNS data is also recovered by the EDQNM model, but it is observed to be a low-Reynolds-number effect. Another important result is that FRN effects yield a departure from asymptotic theoretical behaviours which appear similar to some effects attributed to intermittency by most authors. This is exemplified by the ratio between pressure-based and velocity-based Taylor microscales. Therefore, high-Reynolds-number DNS or experiments such that $R{e}_{\lambda } = O(1{0}^{4} )$ would be required in order to remove FRN effects and to analyse pure intermittency effects.
Lagrangian accelerations of particles in superfluid turbulence
Authors: La Mantia M. , Duda D. , Rotter M. , Skrbek L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractQuantum turbulence in thermal counterflow of superfluid ${\text{} }^{4} \mathrm{He} $ is studied at length scales comparable to the mean distance $\ell $ between quantized vortices. The Lagrangian dynamics of solid deuterium particles, of radius ${R}_{p} $ about one order of magnitude smaller than $\ell $, is analysed in a planar section of the experimental volume by using the particle tracking velocimetry technique. We show that the average amplitude of the acceleration of the particles seems to increase as the temperature decreases and applied heat flux increases and this can be explained by exploiting the two-fluid model of superfluid ${\text{} }^{4} \mathrm{He} $. We also report that, at the probed length scales, the normalized distribution of the acceleration of the particles appears to follow an unexpected classical-like behaviour.