bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nup358 interacts with Dishevelled and aPKC to regulate neuronal polarity
Authors: Vyas Pankhuri , Singh Aditi , Murawala Prayag , Joseph Jomon 
Published: October 2013

Summary
Par polarity complex, consisting of Par3, Par6, and aPKC, plays a conserved role in the establishment and maintenance of polarization in diverse cellular contexts. Recent reports suggest that Dishevelled (Dvl), a cytoplasmic mediator of Wnt signalling, interacts with atypical protein kinase C and regulates its activity during neuronal differentiation and directed cell migration. Here we show that Nup358 (also called RanBP2), a nucleoporin previously implicated in polarity during directed cell migration, interacts with Dishevelled and aPKC through its N-terminal region (BPN) and regulates axon–dendrite differentiation of cultured hippocampal neurons. Depletion of endogenous Nup358 leads to generation of multiple axons, whereas overexpression of BPN abrogates the process of axon formation. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Dvl or inhibition of aPKC by a pseudosubstrate inhibitor significantly reverses the multiple axon phenotype produced by Nup358 depletion. Collectively, these data suggest that Nup358 plays an important role in regulating neuronal polarization upstream to Dvl and aPKC.
The influence of load carrying on the energetics and kinematics of terrestrial locomotion in a diving bird
Authors: Tickle Peter G. , Lean Samantha C. , Rose Kayleigh A. R. , Wadugodapitiya Avanti P. , Codd Jonathan R. 
Published: October 2013

Summary
The application of artificial loads to mammals and birds has been used to provide insight into the mechanics and energetic cost of terrestrial locomotion. However, only two species of bird have previously been used in loading experiments, the cursorial guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) and the locomotor-generalist barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis). Here, using respirometry and treadmill locomotion, we investigate the energetic cost of carrying trunk loads in a diving bird, the tufted duck (Aythya fuligula). Attachment of back loads equivalent to 10% and 20% of body mass increased the metabolic rate during locomotion (7.94% and 15.92%, respectively) while sternal loads of 5% and 10% had a greater proportional effect than the back loads (metabolic rate increased by 7.19% and 13.99%, respectively). No effect on locomotor kinematics was detected during any load carrying experiments. These results concur with previous reports of load carrying economy in birds, in that there is a less than proportional relationship between increasing load and metabolic rate (found previously in guinea fowl), while application of sternal loads causes an approximate doubling of metabolic rate compared to back loads (reported in an earlier study of barnacle geese). The increase in cost when carrying sternal loads may result from having to move this extra mass dorso-ventrally during respiration. Disparity in load carrying economy between species may arise from anatomical and physiological adaptations to different forms of locomotion, such as the varying uncinate process morphology and hindlimb tendon development in goose, guinea fowl and duck.
The cytosolic N-terminus of CD317/tetherin is a membrane microdomain exclusion motif
Authors: Billcliff Peter G. , Gorleku Oforiwa A. , Chamberlain Luke H. , Banting George 
Published: October 2013

Summary
The integral membrane protein CD317/tetherin has been associated with a plethora of biological processes, including restriction of enveloped virus release, regulation of B cell growth, and organisation of membrane microdomains. CD317 possesses both a conventional transmembrane (TM) domain and a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. We confirm that the GPI anchor is essential for CD317 to associate with membrane microdomains, and that the TM domain of CD44 is unable to rescue proper microdomain association of a ΔGPI-CD317 construct. Additionally, we demonstrate that the cytosolic amino terminal region of CD317 can function as a ‘microdomain-excluding’ motif, when heterologously expressed as part of a reporter construct. Finally, we show that two recently described isoforms of CD317 do not differ in their affinity for membrane microdomains. Together, these data help further our understanding of the fundamental cell biology governing membrane microdomain association of CD317.
Mechanical output in jumps of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Bobbert Maarten F. , Plas Rogier L.C. , Weide Guido , Clairbois Bert , Hofman Sam , Jaspers Richard , Philippens Ingrid 
Published: October 2013

SummaryIn this study we determined the mechanical output of marmosets during jumping. Vertical ground reaction forces were measured in 18 common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) while they jumped from an instrumented crossbar to a crossbar located 70 cm higher. From the vertical force time histories, we calculated the rate of change of mechanical energy of the centre of mass (dE/dt). The mean value of dE/dt during the push-off amounted to 51.8 (6.2) W/kg body mass, and the peak value to 116.4 (17.6) W/kg body mass. We used these values in combination with masses of leg muscles, determined in two specimens, to estimate mean and peak values of dE/dt of 430 W/kg muscle and 970 W/kg muscle, respectively. These values are higher than values reported in the literature for jumps of humans and bonobos, but smaller than those of jumps of bushbabies. Surprisingly, the mean value of dE/dt of 430 W/kg muscle was close to the maximal power output of 516 W/kg muscle reported in the literature for isokinetic contractions of rat medial gastrocnemius, one of the fastest mammalian muscles. Further study of the force-velocity relationship of muscle tissue of small primates seems indicated.
Nitric oxide metabolites during anoxia and reoxygenation in the anoxia-tolerant vertebrate, Trachemys scripta
Authors: Jensen Frank B. , Hansen Marie N. , Montesanti Gabriella , Wang Tobias 
Published: October 2013

Summary
Moderate elevations of nitrite and nitric oxide (NO) protect mammalian tissues against ischemia (anoxia)-reperfusion damage by inhibiting mitochondrial electron transport complexes and reducing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon reoxygenation. Crucian carp appears to exploit this mechanism by up-regulating nitrite and other nitrite/NO metabolites (S-nitroso and iron-nitrosyl compounds) in several tissues when exposed to anoxia. We investigated whether this is a common strategy amongst anoxia-tolerant vertebrates by evaluating NO metabolites in red-eared slider turtles during long-term (9 days) anoxia and subsequent reoxygenation at low temperature, a situation naturally encountered by turtles in ice-covered ponds. We also measured glutathione in selected tissues and assessed the impact of anoxia on electrolyte status. Anoxia induced major increases in [nitrite] in the heart, pectoral muscle and red blood cells, while [nitrite] was maintained unaltered in brain and liver. Concomitantly, the concentrations of S-nitroso and iron-nitrosyl compounds increased, showing that nitrite was used to produce NO and to S-nitrosate cellular molecules during anoxia. The changes were gradually reversed during reoxygenation (1h and 24h), testifying that the processes were reversible. The increased NO bioavailability occurred in the absence of nitric oxide synthase activity (due to global anoxia) and may involve mobilization of internal/external nitrite reservoirs. Our data supports that anoxic up-regulation of nitrite and other NO metabolites could be a general cytoprotective strategy amongst anoxia-tolerant vertebrates. The possible mechanisms of nitrite-derived NO and S-nitrosation in protecting cells from destructive Ca2+ influx during anoxia and in limiting ROS formation during reoxygenation are discussed.
Hearing pathways in the Yangtze finless porpoise,Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis
Authors: Mooney T. Aran , Li Songhai , Ketten Darlene , Wang Kexiong , Wang Ding 
Published: October 2013

SummaryHow an animal receives sound may influence its use of sound. While "jaw hearing" is well supported for odontocetes, examining how sound is received across the head work has been limited to a few representative species. The substantial variation in jaw and head morphology among odontocetes suggests variation in sound reception. Here we address how a divergent subspecies, the Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) hears low, mid, and high frequency tones, as well as broadband clicks, comparing sounds presented at different locations across the head. Hearing was measured using auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). Click and tone stimuli (8, 54, and 120 kHz) were presented at nine locations on the head and body using a suction-cup transducer. Threshold differences were compared between frequencies and locations, and referenced to the underlying anatomy using computed tomography (CT) imaging of deceased animals of the same subspecies. The best hearing locations with minimum thresholds were found adjacent to a mandibular fat pad and overlying the auditory bulla. Mean thresholds were not substantially different at locations from the rostrum tip to the ear (11.6 dB). This contrasts with tests with bottlenose dolphins and beluga whales, in which 30-40 dB threshold differences were found across the animals' heads. Response latencies increased with decreasing response amplitudes, which suggests that both latency and sensitivity are interrelated when considering sound reception across the odontocete head. The results suggest that there are differences among odontocetes in the anatomy related to receiving sound, and porpoises may have relatively less acoustic "shadowing".
‘Bags stuffed with the offal of their own history’: Crime fiction and the short story in Crimespotting: An Edinburgh Crime Collection
Authors: Beyer Charlotte 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This article explores innovative uses of the short story format in the recent collection Crimespotting: An Edinburgh Crime Collection (2009). The article examines these crime short stories’ use of ‘place’, specifically Edinburgh, as a unifying theme and setting for its diverse crime motifs. The article analyzes how selected texts from the collection negotiate the short story format and the crime genre, and explores the diverse fictions which emerge from this. The article suggests that the short stories in Crimespotting: An Edinburgh Crime Collection illustrate how the genre’s diversity and range may expand the possibilities of crime fiction in challenging and unexpected ways.
The role of chromogranins in the secretory pathway
Authors: Estevez-Herrera Judith , Pardo Marta R. , Dominguez Natalia , Pereda Daniel , Machado Jose D. , Borges Ricardo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractChromogranins (Cgs) are acidic proteins implicated in several physiological processes, including the biogenesis and sorting of secretory vesicles, the generation of bioactive peptides, and the accumulation of soluble species inside large dense core vesicles (LDCV). Indeed, Cgs are the main protein component of the vesicular matrix in LDCV, and they are involved in the concentration of soluble species like neurotransmitters and calcium. Experiments using electrochemical techniques such amperometry, patch amperometry, and intracellular electrochemistry have clarified the functional roles of Cgs in the accumulation and release of catecholamines. We have focused this review at a single event of exocytosis of chromaffin cells from three mouse strains lacking Cgs. Accordingly, in this brief review, we will focus on the role of Cgs in maintaining the intravesicular environment of secretory vesicles and in exocytosis, bringing together the most recent findings from studies on adrenal chromaffin cells.
Estimation of Transformer Winding Capacitances through Frequency Response Analysis – An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Shah Krupa , Ragavan K. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This article focuses on developing a non-invasive method for determining capacitances using frequency response data. The proposed methodology involves acquiring driving-point impedance of the winding under consideration over wide frequency range. With certain terminal conditions and using the terminal impedance measured at specific frequencies, input and shunt capacitances are determined. For the purpose of estimating series capacitance of the winding, an algorithm is proposed. To demonstrate the capability of the method, initially model coils that have provisions for connecting external capacitances are considered. Then, it is found that the estimated values of capacitances are nearly same as those of connected capacitances. The method is, then, extended to transformer winding, and a capacitive ladder network is constructed. To assess the accuracy of estimation, capacitive voltage distribution is utilized. That is, the voltage distribution in the winding is compared with that of synthesized circuit. A good agreement between those data reveals that the estimated capacitance values are accurate.
Platinum organometallic complexes: classification and analysis of crystallographic and structural data for dimeric complexes
Authors: Melník Milan , Mikuš Peter , Holloway Clive Edward 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis review covers over 260 examples of dimeric organoplatinum complexes. Platinum is predominantly found in the oxidation states +2 and +4, but with some examples of 0, +1, +2.5, +3, and of mixed-valence as well. A number of coordination state geometries are observed, of which the most common is essentially square-planar at Pt(II), a distorted octahedral at Pt(IV), and some examples of trigonal planar and trigonal bipyramidal as well. The most common ligands are methyl (Me), carbonyl and PX3. The shortest Pt-Pt bond distance is 245.1(1) pm. The mean Pt-Pt bond distance increases in the order: 261.1 pm [Pt(2.5)-Pt(2.5)]<261.3 pm [Pt(III)-Pt(III)]<262.4 pm [Pt(I)-Pt(I)]<270.3 pm [Ot(II)-Pt(II)]<277.2 pm [Pt(0)-Pt(0)]<282.6 pm [Pt(II)-Pt(II)]. The Pt…Pt no-bonding distances are: Pt(II)…Pt(II), 3.008–17.959 pm; Pt(IV)…Pt(IV), 327.5–768.0 pm; Pt(II)-Pt(0), 378.6 pm and Pt(II)…Pt(IV), 389 pm. There are several relationships pointed out between the Pt-Pt distances, Pt-X-Pt bridge angles and covalent radii of coordinated atoms. Several examples contain two crystallographically independent molecules within the same crystal, differing mostly by degree of distortion, which are examples of distortion isomerism.
Bringing the Revolution to Medical Schools
Authors: Laveaga Gabriela Soto 
Published: October 2013

This article explores the establishment of the 1936 Social Service requirement for medical students and the creation of a major in Rural Health at the Instituto Politécnico Nacional in Mexico City to explain how health and physicians became an extension of the aims of the Mexican Revolution. The author argues that the 1930s attempt to bring doctors to rural areas had a two-fold intent that went beyond health and a geographic distribution of doctors: first, socialize mainly urban doctors to care for the rural poor and, second, create agents of the state in difficult to access marginal areas.
Este artículo analiza el establecimiento del requisito de Servicio Social para los estudiantes de medicina en 1936 y la creación de una Licenciatura en Salud Rural en el Instituto Politécnico Nacional de la ciudad de México para explicar de qué manera la salud y los médicos se convirtieron en una extensión de los objetivos de la Revolución mexicana. El autor sostiene que el intento de llevar médicos a las zonas rurales durante la década de los treinta tenía una doble intención más allá de la salud y la distribución geográfica de los galenos: en primer lugar, socializar a los doctores, mayoritariamente urbanos, para atender a los enfermos rurales y, en segundo lugar, crear agentes del estado en zonas marginales de difícil acceso.
Immune-Related Functions of theHivepGene Family in East African Cichlid Fishes
Authors: Diepeveen Eveline T , Roth Olivia , Salzburger Walter 
Published: October 2013

AbstractImmune-related genes are often characterized by adaptive protein evolution. Selection on immune genes can be particularly strong when hosts encounter novel parasites, for instance, after the colonization of a new habitat or upon the exploitation of vacant ecological niches in an adaptive radiation. We examined a set of new candidate immune genes in East African cichlid fishes. More specifically, we studied the signatures of selection in five paralogs of the human immunodeficiency virus type I enhancer-binding protein (Hivep) gene family, tested their involvement in the immune defense, and related our results to explosive speciation and adaptive radiation events in cichlids. We found signatures of long-term positive selection in four Hivep paralogs and lineage-specific positive selection in Hivep3b in two radiating cichlid lineages. Exposure of the cichlid Astatotilapia burtoni to a vaccination with Vibrio anguillarum bacteria resulted in a positive correlation between immune response parameters and expression levels of three Hivep loci. This work provides the first evidence for a role of Hivep paralogs in teleost immune defense and links the signatures of positive selection to host–pathogen interactions within an adaptive radiation.
Cu Grain Boundary Embrittlement by Liquid Hg: A Comparison between Experiment and ab-initio Modeling
Authors: Colombeau Julien , Auger Thierry , Johnson Duane , Wang Linlin 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe have studied the LME phenomenon for the Cu/Hg couple, from an experimental and a computational point of view. We compared the LME behavior of standard oxygen free high conductivity (OFHC) copper with Grain Boundary Engineered (GBE) copper (containing a high fraction of special Σ3 GBs). Experimentally, we find that special Σ3 GBs in copper are less prone than general GB to LME by liquid mercury. In parallel, we have investigated the difference in LME induced fracture between the symmetric Σ3(111)[110]70.5° tilt GB and the symmetric Σ5(210)[100]36.87° tilt GB by ab-initio calculations. The Hg segregation trend has been evaluated for these 2 GBs. Ab-initio tensile tests on the Σ3(111) GB with and without segregated Hg atoms have been performed. Finally solid/liquid interfaces have been modeled using ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) in order to calculate solid-liquid surface energies (γSL). Using a Griffith approach, we have evaluated the energy difference γGB - 2 γSL. The LME mechanism in Cu/Hg is discussed.
Analysis of Groundwater Quality Behavior Based on a Statistical Approach: Case Study of Khan Yunis Governorate (Palestine)
Authors: Alagha Jawad S. , Said Md Azlin Md. , Mogheir Yunes. , Abdullah Rozi bin. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT: Correlation matrix, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis were used to improve understanding of complex groundwater systems using scant monitoring data. The applicability of these statistical techniques was assessed using groundwater monitoring data from the Gaza Coastal Aquifer (GCA), which is complex and highly heterogeneous. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis results identified two groundwater contamination patterns, (1) salinization, and (2) interaction between anthropogenic and natural (mineralization) processes. Cluster analysis grouped the study wells into three clusters of similar water quality trends. Analysis of the spatiotemporal trends of chloride and nitrate, the most important groundwater quality parameters, were also performed. This study demonstrates the reliability of these statistical techniques in capturing a basic yet comprehensive view of groundwater quality trends and their influencing variables, and which can subsequently form the basis for groundwater management schemes.
Risk Exposure to Agents Causing Waterborne Diseases in the El Ahogado Basin, Mexico
Authors: Reynaga‐Delgado Eire , Gómez‐Salazar Sergio , Ascencio‐Valle Felipe , Rodriguez‐Estrella Ricardo , Celis Alfredo , Villarruel‐López Angélica 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT: The risk exposure to agents causing waterborne diseases (WBD), such as bacteria, parasites, and metals (Cr, Cd, Mn, and Pb) in a group of volunteers (n = 20) and an external group of three locations of the El Ahogado Basin, Mexico, is reported. A complete blood count (CBC) was made on the volunteers, and factor analysis was used for the CBC. Bacteria and parasitological agents were also monitored at the six sites of the El Ahogado Basin between 2008 and 2010. The measured blood concentrations of Cu, Mn, and Pb were 37.1, 4.6, and 7.1 μg/g, indicating the lowest exposure of volunteers to Mn and Pb and the highest exposure to Cu. The volunteer groups of the El Ahogado Basin are more exposed to agents causing WBD compared to the volunteers of the external group.
Attenuation of Bacteria at a Riverbank Filtration Site in Rural India
Authors: Cady P. , Boving T. B. , Choudri B. S. , Cording A. , Patil K. , Reddy V. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT: A riverbank filtration (RBF) system was installed in a rural village near the Kali River in southwestern India to evaluate its performance in attenuating total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli loads in a monsoon‐dominated climate in a developing country. A statistical analysis showed that RBF water was of higher microbial quality than other water sources in the study area. Based on the geometric mean of the data from the primary RBF well (MW3), the percent removal compared to the Kali River was 95.1% for total coliforms and 99.2% for E. coli. The maximum percent removals were 99.8% for total coliforms and 99.96% for E. coli. Bacteria concentrations were lower during the dry season than during the monsoon season when contaminants apparently infiltrated into the subsurface. The geometric mean of the annual removal efficiency translates to an approximately 1‐log unit removal of E. coli per 26 m (≈75 ft) setback distance from the river. During the 1‐year monitoring period, Indian water quality standards for total coliform bacteria were regularly exceeded, whereas E. coli standards were met for 29% of the dry season but only 7% of the monsoon season. The consistent problem of attaining local regulatory limits for bacteria show that, at this study site, (1) RBF needs to be considered a pre‐treatment method and, (2) should be combined with conventional disinfection technology. Finally, although the bacteria data confirms that the setback distance of a RBF well from a river is an important factor determining the water quality, local conditions, such as influence of flood‐irrigation of nearby rice paddies, presence of freely‐roaming cattle and latrines, and outside defecation by residents, must be considered when establishing a RBF system in a monsoon climate in a developing country.
Vermifiltration Ecological Treatment for the Re‐Use of Food Waste Digestate
Authors: Lin Hui , Diemont Stewart A. W. , Toland Timothy , Tao Wendong , Daley Douglas , Johnson David L. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT: A vermifiltration ecological treatment system (VETS) was developed to treat bio‐digested food waste and create nitrate‐rich fertilizer. Conventional processes to treat digester effluent are typically not designed for value‐added products from the treatment process. This research is the first documented example of an ecological treatment system (ETS) used for digester waste. Experiments were conducted at three different inflow rates. Removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+‐N), carbonaceous biochemical oxygen (CBOD5), and total suspended solids (TSS) were consistently larger than 90%; NOx−‐N displayed large increases in the system. With increased flow rates, NH4+‐N, NOx−‐N and orthophosphate phosphorus (ortho‐PO43−‐P) concentration in the effluent also increased, but TSS and CBOD5 concentrations in the effluent did not change. Used as the first unit process in the system, vermifiltration showed high efficiency in NH4+‐N and CBOD5 reduction. Design formulas were developed using literature in combination with this study to facilitate design of ETSs.