bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced Fluorescence Activation and Nitric Oxide Release with Biocompatible Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Deniz Erhan , Kandoth Noufal , Fraix Aurore , Cardile Venera , Graziano Adriana C. E. , Lo Furno Debora , Gref Ruxandra , Raymo Françisco M. , Sortino Salvatore 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA viable strategy to encapsulate a fluorophore/photochrome dyad and a nitric oxide photodonor within supramolecular assemblies of a cyclodextrin‐based polymer in water was developed. The two photoresponsive guests do not interact with each other within their supramolecular container and can be operated in parallel under optical control. Specifically, the dyad permits the reversible switching of fluorescence on a microsecond timescale for hundreds of cycles, and the photodonor enables the irreversible release of nitric oxide. Furthermore, these supramolecular assemblies cross the membrane of human melanoma cancer cells and transport their cargo in the cytosol. The fluorescence of one component allows the visualization of the labeled cells, and its switchable character could, in principle, be used to acquire super‐resolution images, while the release of nitric oxide from the other induces significant cell mortality. Thus, our design logic for the construction of biocompatible nanoparticles with dual functionality might evolve into the realization of valuable photoresponsive probes for imaging and therapeutic applications.
The Safety and Efficacy of Enhanced External Counterpulsation as a Treatment for Angina in Patients With Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Braverman Debra L. , Braitman Len , Figeuredo Vincent M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground:Comorbid aortic stenosis (AS) has been considered a precaution when applying enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) to individuals with angina due to concerns about treatment‐related hemodynamic changes.Hypothesis:The aim of this study was to determine whether EECP safely reduces symptoms of myocardial ischemia and improves hemodynamics in individuals with AS.Methods:Forty‐three patients with AS (average age, 73 years; 86% male) and 43 comparison patients without AS were chosen from a database of 1327 EECP patients. Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) Functional Angina Classification, diastolic augmentation ratio, and blood pressure were measured at baseline and on completion of the course of EECP.Results:Thirty‐five of the 43 patients with AS (81%, 95% CI: 66.6% to 91.6%) and 38 of the 43 without AS (88%, 95% CI: 74.9% to 96.1%) improved in angina class (P < 0.0001). There was no statistical difference between the percentages in patients with and without AS (P = 0.54). CCS angina class outcome was not associated with AS severity (P = 0.55). The percentage of patients with diastolic augmentation ratio ≥1.0 was 16.3% in both groups at baseline and improved to 39.5% in AS patients and 37.2% in non‐AS patients after EECP (both P = 0.002). The average decreases in systolic blood pressure in subjects with AS (−15 mm Hg, 95% CI: 11 to 20, P < 0.0001) and without AS (−18 mm Hg, 95% CI: 14 to 22, P < 0.0001) were similar (P = 0.31). No major adverse cardiac events were reported.Conclusions:Angina patients with AS who undergo EECP had clinically important symptomatic and hemodynamic improvements comparable to their non‐AS counterparts. Clin. Cardiol. 2012 doi: 10.1002/clc.22073The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
River Water Pollution in Developed and Developing Countries: Judge and Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics and Selected Dissolved Metal Concentration
Authors: Sikder M. Tajuddin , Kihara Yusuke , Yasuda Masaomi , Yustiawati  , Mihara Yoshihiro , Tanaka Shunitz , Odgerel Dalkhjav , Mijiddorj Badamtsetseg , Syawal Suhaemi M. , Hosokawa Toshiyuki , Saito Takeshi , Kurasaki Masaaki 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTo compare water quality in rivers of developed and developing countries, a study based on physicochemical parameters and dissolved metals levels was conducted. Water samples were collected from selected sites in Dhaka, Bangladesh; Hokkaido and Osaka, Japan; Erdenet, Mongolia and West Java, Indonesia. Analysis of least significant differences revealed that most water quality parameters were within comparable low levels in both developed and developing countries. The dissolved metals concentrations were found to be similar and below those of water standards except for manganese and cadmium at every sampling point, and lead in Erdenet, Mongolia. Some metals showed high enrichment factors in the rivers of Osaka, Japan and Erdenet, Mongolia, indicating accumulation possibility of metals in the river‐bed sediments. High concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, Escherichia coli and dissolved metals suggested greater water pollution in some rivers of developing countries than in the rivers of Japan. Principal component analysis showed strong correlations between “dissolved organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand” and “conductivity and total dissolved solids” at each sampling point, and E. coli, nitrate (NO), nitrite (NO), and pH levels were found to be higher in the rivers of Dhaka and Erdenet. In addition, there were high levels of Al and Zn in West Java, Pb in Erdenet, and Mn, Fe, and Cr in the rivers of Dhaka and Japan. Based on pressures and impacts, it is evident that dissolved metal, organic, and fecal pollution in the rivers of developing countries are in somewhat dreadful condition in comparison with the rivers of developed country.
Polarity determination of rough and smooth surface grains in AlN crystals
Authors: Nyakiti L. O. , Lee R. G. , Gu Z. , Edgar J. H. , Chaudhuri J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe polarity of rough and smooth grains in textured aluminum nitride boules were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Specifically, convergent beam electron diffraction method was applied to determine polarity. The grains corresponding to smooth and rough surfaces were identified as having Al and N polarities, respectively. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) was observed to form at the grain boundaries. The oxide may precipitate due to the low mutual solubility between Al2O3 and AlN at the high crystal growth temperature (∼2000°C). Oxygen may be the cause of polarity inversion that leads to the formation of Al and N polar grains.
Microstructural characterization of CPPD and hydroxyapatite crystal depositions on human menisci
Authors: Katsamenis Orestis L. , Karoutsos Vagelis , Kontostanos Konstantinos , Panagiotopoulos Elias C. , Papadaki Helen , Bouropoulos Nikolaos 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMeniscus is a fibrocartilaginous tissue composed mainly of water and a dense elaborate collagen network with a predominantly circumferential alignment. Crystal formation and accumulation on meniscal tissue is frequently observed especially in elderly. In this study, we used X‐ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR and FT‐Raman for the structural identification of the depositions and Optical microscopy, Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) and Atomic Force microscopy (AFM), in order to investigate the structural relationship between the crystal deposits and the collagen fibers of human meniscal tissues. We are reporting on the formation of intercalary “colonies” of Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate (CPPD) crystals with two distinct morphologies corresponding to the monoclinic and the triclinic phase, as well as the formation of micro‐aggregations composed of nano‐crystalline HAP aggregations which are developed along the longitudinal axis of collagen fibers without extensively disturbing the collagens arrangement.
A new handoff management system for heterogeneous wireless access networks
Authors: Mojtaba Matinkhah S. , Khorsandi Siavash , Yarahmadian Shantia 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYIn heterogeneous wireless access networks, each mobile terminal may frequently need to change its base station (BS); this change is called a ‘handoff’. BSs have static parameters, which are related to their radio access technologies (RATs); however, they also contain dynamic parameters such as load and signal quality. Therefore, the problem of handoff decision includes two subproblems of RAT selection and BS selection. In this paper, first a ‘heterogeneous handoff management system’ for gathering all different required parameters is proposed. Second, a RAT Selection algorithm based on analytic hierarchy process and a BS Selection algorithm based on data envelopment analysis are designed. Finally, by means of ‘weight restriction’ technique, we develop a method for studying the impact of RAT Selection parameters on the performance of the network. Simulation results indicate that RAT Selection parameters have significant impact on the bandwidth utilization, energy consumption and the whole satisfaction of the users in heterogeneous wireless access networks.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perception of affect in biological motion cues in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Zucker Nancy , Moskovich Ashley , Bulik Cynthia M. , Merwin Rhonda , Gaddis Katherine , Losh Molly , Piven Joseph , Wagner Henry R. , LaBar Kevin S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective:Nonverbal motion cues (a clenched fist) convey essential information about the intentions of the actor. Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) have demonstrated impairment in deciphering intention from facial affective cues, but it is unknown whether such deficits extend to deciphering affect from body motion cues.Method:We examined the capacities of adults with AN (n = 21) or those weight restored for ≥12 months (WR; n = 20) to perceive affect in biological motion cues relative to healthy controls (HC; n = 23).Results:Overall, individuals with AN evidenced greater deficit in discriminating affect from biological motion cues than WR or HC. Follow‐up analyses showed that individuals with AN differed especially across two of the five conditions—deviating most from normative data when discriminating sadness and more consistently discriminating anger relative to WR or HC.Discussion:Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to some puzzling interpersonal features of AN. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
How are Biogenic Amines Metabolized by Monoamine Oxidases?
Authors: Vianello Robert , Repič Matej , Mavri Janez 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMonoamine oxidases (MAOs) are flavoenzymes important in regulating amine neurotransmitter levels and are the central pharmacological targets in treating depression and Parkinson's disease. On the basis of quantum chemical calculations, we have proposed a new two‐step hydride mechanism for the MAO‐catalysed oxidative deamination of amines. In the rate‐limiting first step, through its N5 atom, the flavin abstracts a hydride anion from the substrate α‐carbon atom and forms a strong covalent adduct with the thus created cation. This is followed by flavin N1 deprotonation of the substrate amino group, facilitated with two active‐site water molecules, to produce fully reduced flavin, FADH2, and neutral imine. We have demonstrated that our mechanism is in agreement with available experimental data and provided evidence against both traditional polar nucleophilic and single‐electron radical pathways. These results provide valuable information for mechanistic studies on other flavoenzymes and for the design of new antidepressants and antiparkinsonian drugs.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Furo‐ or Thienoquinolines through Sequential Imination and Intramolecular Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation
Authors: Beydoun Kassem , Doucet Henri 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe sequential imination and intramolecular palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation of thiophene‐3‐carbaldehyde or furan‐3‐carbaldehyde with 2‐haloanilines provided a one‐pot access to furo‐ or thienoquinolines in high yields with H2O and HBr as the major waste. Both electron‐withdrawing and ‐donating substituents on the 2‐haloaniline derivatives were tolerated. These furo‐ or thienoquinoline derivatives can be employed in the direct arylation at C‐5 of the furyl or thienyl moiety, and a variety of corresponding arylation products were obtained in high yields.
Interest of the Sol‐Gel Approach for Multiscale Tailoring of Porous Bioelectrode Surfaces
Authors: Côme Yémima Bon Saint , Lalo Hélène , Wang Zhijie , Kohring Gert‐Wieland , Hempelmann Rolf , Etienne Mathieu , Walcarius Alain , Kuhn Alexander 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGold nanoparticles have been co‐encapsulated with D‐sorbitol dehydrogenase and diaphorase in electrodeposited thin sol‐gel films. We demonstrate here that the nanoparticles allow improving significantly the catalytic efficiency of the bioelectrodes. The hybrid material was electrodeposited in the cavities of macroporous electrodes and characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and electrochemistry. Well‐defined silica gel layers containing homogeneously dispersed nanoparticles were obtained, leading to high current densities in the presence of D‐sorbitol. The access to the internal porosity of the macroporous electrode was not hindered by the presence of the electrodeposited sol‐gel layer. In addition, a very significant enhancement factor, that describes the current increase with the increasing macroporous surface area was obtained due to the contribution of the tridimensional gold nanoparticle network.
Formation of phreatic caves in an eogenetic karst aquifer by CO2 enrichment at lower water tables and subsequent flooding by sea level rise
Authors: Gulley J. D. , Martin J. B. , Moore P. J. , Murphy J. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTFormation of extensive phreatic caves in eogenetic karst aquifers is widely believed to require mixing of fresh and saltwater. Extensive phreatic caves also occur, however, in eogenetic karst aquifers where fresh and saltwater do not mix, for example in the upper Floridan aquifer. These caves are thought to have formed in their modern settings by dissolution from sinking streams or by convergence of groundwater flow paths on springs. Alternatively, these caves have been hypothesized to have formed at lower water tables during sea level low‐stands. These hypotheses have not previously been tested against one another. Analyzing morphological data and water chemistry from caves in the Suwannee River Basin in north‐central Florida and water chemistry from wells in the central Florida carbonate platform indicates that phreatic caves within the Suwannee River Basin most likely formed at lower water tables during lower sea levels. Consideration of the hydrological and geochemical constraints posed by the upper Floridan aquifer leads to the conclusion that cave formation was most likely driven by dissolution of vadose CO2 gas into the groundwater. Sea level rise and a wetter climate during the mid‐Holocene lifted the water table above the elevation of the caves and placed the caves tens of meters below the modern water table. When rising water tables reached the land surface, surface streams formed. Incision of surface streams breached the pre‐existing caves to form modern springs, which provide access to the phreatic caves. Phreatic caves in the Suwannee River Basin are thus relict and have no causal relationship with modern surficial drainage systems. Neither mixing dissolution nor sinking streams are necessary to form laterally extensive phreatic caves in eogenetic karst aquifers. Dissolution at water tables, potentially driven by vadose CO2 gas, offers an underappreciated mechanism to form cavernous porosity in eogenetic carbonate rocks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silver nanoparticles cause oxidative damage and histological changes in medaka (Oryzias latipes) after 14 days of exposure
Authors: Wu Yuan , Zhou Qunfang 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can exert negative effects on cell lines and embryos of freshwater fish. However, information on their distribution and long-term toxicity in adult species is limited. In the present study, a subchronic (14-d) toxicity test was designed to evaluate the bioaccumulation of AgNPs and their effects on the antioxidant defense system and histology of adult medaka. Purified AgNPs were well dispersed in water, and stability was maintained during the exposure period. After 14 d of exposure, a significant accumulation of Ag in the AgNP-dosed group was observed in the gill and intestinal tissues, with the highest levels found in the liver. Biochemical analysis indicated a dose-related decrease in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes in the liver, but not in the gills. However, dose-dependent increases in glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation in the liver and gills were observed. Exposure to a graded dose of AgNPs also resulted in varying degrees of histological lesions in the tissues. Toxicological endpoints combined with metal distribution analysis suggested that AgNPs induced tissue-specific toxicity and that the liver is the organ most damaged by the Ag that might have been released from NPs. The oxidative damage caused by AgNPs may be associated with a large number of histological changes in the fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:165–173. © 2012 SETAC
Upscaling and its application in numerical simulation of long‐term CO2storage
Authors: Akber Hassan Wasim A. , Jiang Xi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNumerical simulations of long‐term geological CO2storage could be particularly useful in predicting the capacity, security, and other consequences of CO2sequestration. The physics of this flow is essentially a multiphase multicomponent phenomenon in a strongly heterogeneous medium necessitating the need for a computationally prohibitive resolution to capture the various physical processes at all scales. Upscaling is an important step in these simulations when going from geostatistical models featuring strong heterogeneities to the simulation models which in practice are limited because of computational restrictions. Although many different upscaling techniques exist, including dynamic and steady‐state methods, thorough analyses of their application to CO2sequestration are not yet established. This review aims to highlight the recent developments in the application of upscaling to the modeling of long‐term CO2storage and provide insights into aspects that could prove valuable to numerical simulations. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Toll‐like receptor 4 is required for α‐synuclein dependent activation of microglia and astroglia
Authors: Fellner Lisa , Irschick Regina , Schanda Kathrin , Reindl Markus , Klimaschewski Lars , Poewe Werner , Wenning Gregor K. , Stefanova Nadia 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAlpha‐synucleinopathies (ASP) are neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by accumulation of misfolded α‐synuclein, selective neuronal loss, and extensive gliosis. It is accepted that microgliosis and astrogliosis contribute to the disease progression in ASP. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are expressed on cells of the innate immune system, including glia, and TLR4 dysregulation may play a role in ASP pathogenesis. In this study we aimed to define the involvement of TLR4 in microglial and astroglial activation induced by different forms of α‐synuclein (full length soluble, fibrillized, and C‐terminally truncated). Purified primary wild type (TLR4+/+) and TLR4 deficient (TLR4−/−) murine microglial and astroglial cell cultures were treated with recombinant α‐synuclein and phagocytic activity, NFκB nuclear translocation, cytokine release, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured. We show that TLR4 mediates α‐synuclein‐induced microglial phagocytic activity, pro‐inflammatory cytokine release, and ROS production. TLR4−/− astroglia present a suppressed pro‐inflammatory response and decreased ROS production triggered by α‐synuclein treatment. However, the uptake of α‐synuclein by primary astroglia is not dependent on TLR4 expression. Our results indicate the C‐terminally truncated form as the most potent inductor of TLR4‐dependent glial activation. The current findings suggest that TLR4 plays a modulatory role on glial pro‐inflammatory responses and ROS production triggered by α‐synuclein. In contrast to microglia, the uptake of alpha‐synuclein by astroglia is not dependent on TLR4. Our data provide novel insights into the mechanisms of α‐synuclein‐induced microglial and astroglial activation which may have an impact on understanding the pathogenesis of ASP. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brain connectivity abnormalities extend beyond the sensorimotor network in peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Rocca Maria A. , Valsasina Paola , Fazio Raffaella , Previtali Stefano C. , Messina Roberta , Falini Andrea , Comi Giancarlo , Filippi Massimo 
Published: October 2012

Objectives:To investigate, using resting state (RS) functional connectivity (FC), the selectivity of involvement of the sensorimotor network in patients with acquired (A) and with hereditary (H) peripheral neuropathies (PN) and the correlations of RS FC abnormalities with clinical impairment and structural brain damage. Temporal associations among RS networks were also explored. Experimental design: RS fMRI scans were acquired from 13 APN, 12 HPN, and 18 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Independent component analysis and functional network connectivity were used to investigate RS FC within and among RS networks with potential functional relevance.Principal observations:Compared to controls, patients had a decreased FC of the right precentral gyrus and an increased RS FC of the precuneus within the sensorimotor network. Both decreased and increased RS FC also involved the visual and auditory networks, which additionally had an increased coherence of function with the sensorimotor network (more pronounced in HPN). RS FC modifications in patients extended to several cognitive networks and were correlated with disease duration. In APN, they were also correlated with the severity of clinical impairment and corpus callosum atrophy.Conclusions:In PN, RS FC modifications extend beyond the sensorimotor network and involve other sensory and cognitive networks. The correlations between RS FC patterns and disease duration in patients as well as with clinical impairment in patients with APN suggest that modifications of FC might reflect an adaptive mechanism, which takes time to occur and helps to limit the clinical consequences of peripheral damage. Hum Brain Mapp 35:513–526, 2014. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.