bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microglial Cell Activation Increases Saturated and Decreases Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Content, but Both Lipid Species are Proinflammatory
Authors: Button Emily B. , Mitchell Andrew S. , Domingos Marcia M. , Chung Jessica H.‐J. , Bradley Ryan M. , Hashemi Ashkan , Marvyn Phillip M. , Patterson Ashley C. , Stark Ken D. , Quadrilatero Joe , Duncan Robin E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNeuroinflammation is a component of age‐related neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. Saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids are bioactive molecules that may play different extrinsic and intrinsic roles in neuroinflammation, serving as exogenous ligands for cellular receptors, or endogenous components of cell structural, energetic and signaling pathways. We determined the fatty acyl profile of BV2 microglial cells before and after acute activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We also investigated the effect of SFA and MUFA pretreatment on the production of an invasive, neurotoxic phenotype in BV2 cells. Acute activation of BV2 microglia resulted in an increase in the relative content of SFA (12:0, 16:0, 18:0, 20:0, 22:0, and 24:0 increased significantly), and a relative decrease in the content of MUFA (16:1n7, 18:1n7, 18:1n9, 20:1n9, 24:1n9 decreased significantly). In agreement, the major stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) isoform in BV2 cells, SCD2, was significantly down‐regulated by LPS. We next treated cells with SFA (16:0 or 18:0) or MUFA (16:1n7 or 18:1n9), and found that levels of secreted IL6 were increased, as was secreted MMP9‐mediated proteolytic activity. To test the functional significance, we treated SH‐SY5Y neuronal cells with conditioned medium from BV2 cells pretreated with fatty acids, and found a small but significant induction of cell death. Our findings suggest differential intrinsic roles for SFA and MUFA in activated microglial cells, but similar extrinsic roles for these fatty acid species in inducing activation. Expansion of SFA is important during microglial cell activation, but either supplemental SFA or MUFA may contribute to chronic low‐grade neuroinflammation.
Retardation of Crystallization of Diacylglycerol Oils Using Polyglycerol Fatty Acid Esters
Authors: Saitou Katsuyoshi , Homma Rika , Kudo Naoto , Katsuragi Yoshihisa , Sato Kiyotaka 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLiquid oil containing high concentrations of diacylglycerols (DAG > 80 %, hereafter referred to as DAG‐rich oil) is generally more likely to cause precipitation at chilled temperatures (clouding phenomena) than triacylglycerol‐based oil. The clouding phenomena that occur during long‐term storage of DAG‐rich oil are unwanted in consumer products and therefore, must be prevented. In the present study, we attempted to retard precipitation by adding food emulsifiers, polyglycerol fatty acid esters (PGFE) containing different fatty acid moieties. DSC, polarized optical microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that the addition of 0.2 % PGFE containing palmitic and oleic acid moieties very effectively retarded precipitation in the DAG‐rich oil. To confirm these observations, we prepared a model DAG oil to mimic DAG‐rich oil and examined the retardation behavior of high‐melting DAG fractions using PGFE. The results are discussed in terms of the effects of PGFE additives on the pre‐nucleation processes of high‐melting fractions in DAG‐rich oil.
The nature of the frictional force at the macro-, micro-, and nano-scales
Authors: Broitman Esteban 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Nowadays it is accepted that the friction force is a combined effect arising from various phenomena: adhesive forces, capillary forces, contact elasticity, topography, surface chemistry, and generation of a third body, etc. Any of them can dominate depending on the experimental force and length scales of the study. Typical forces in macro-tribology are in the Newtons, while are reduced to milli-/micro-Newtons, and nano-Newtons in micro- and nano-tribology, respectively. In this paper, experimental friction results from fullerene like CN
x
films and single-crystal Si at the three scales will be discussed. The complex and broad variety of processes and phenomena connected with the dry friction coefficient at the macro-, micro-, and nano-scale point of view will be highlighted.
A qualitative correlation between friction coefficient and steel surface wear in linear dry sliding contact to polymers with SGF
Authors: Rus Dorin , Capitanu Lucian , Badita Liliana-Laura 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In this paper we tried to present a qualitative correlation, based on extensive experimental determinations between the value and the evolution of the friction coefficient, wear, and contact temperature, in the case of linear dry contact, for thermoplastic material reinforced with short glass fibers (SGF) and various steel surfaces. The aim was to highlight the evolution of the wear process depending on the evolution of the friction coefficient. As a result, it was possible to graphically illustrate the evolution of the friction coefficient and the change of the wear process, emphasizing the abrasive, adhesive and corrosive wear. The evolution of the plastic material transfer function of the contact temperature, namely of the power lost by friction (product between the contact pressure and sliding speed, p and v) was aimed and it was highlighted. It has been demonstrated that in the case of a 30% SGF content it can reach and even exceed contact temperatures very close to the flow limit of the plastic material. We tried, believing successfully, the graphic illustration of the evolution of the steel surface wear and of the contact temperature, depending on the friction coefficient. The influence of the normal load and sliding speed was evaluated in detail, but also the influence of the metallic surface roughness on the friction coefficient was discussed.
Frictional performance of silicon carbide under different lubrication conditions
Authors: Zhao Xingyu , Liu Ying , Wen Qingfeng , Wang Yuming 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The frictional performance of materials used in face seals is critical to the sealing performance. Silicon carbide is commonly used in hard rings because of its abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, and thermal shock resistance. In this study, the frictional performance of silicon carbide, including graphite-added silicon carbide, under water and lubrication-absent conditions was studied by using a Falex-1506 tribotester and different working parameters. In addition, the morphology of the worn surfaces was observed using scanning electron microscopy and the damage was characterized to understand the tribological behavior of different silicon carbides. The results suggest that the friction coefficients decrease with increasing pressure under water lubrication conditions because of the water within the holes on the surface of the materials. The percentage of water lubrication increases, whereas the percentage of solid friction decreases when the pressure increases. Under dry contact conditions, the friction coefficients change negligibly with increasing pressure and graphite-added silicon carbide shows better frictional performance.
Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis: Optimizing Patient Outcomes Through Simulation and Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Authors: Cain Cindy L. , Riess Matthias L. , Gettrust Lynn , Novalija Jutta 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMalignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, life‐threatening event. Many clinicians are unprepared to manage an MH crisis in the perioperative setting because it requires the use of low‐frequency, high‐risk skills and procedures. Simulation is a recognized educational method for cumulative and integrative learning in a safe environment that resembles real‐life clinical scenarios. The aim of this quality improvement project was to provide simulation‐based learning to perioperative personnel to educate them in the early recognition, treatment, and management of MH. An interdisciplinary team developed an MH education plan. Implementation of the plan involved a two‐part training: an educational session, and a role‐playing scenario using high‐fidelity OR simulation. Simulation teaching provided OR personnel with an opportunity for skill development, teamwork, interdisciplinary communication, and problem solving. Personnel responded favorably and identified positive outcomes, such as role clarity, improved anticipatory response, and overall team cohesion. In addition, the project included updating the MH cart and writing the hospital's MH policy.
Boston Bombings: Response to Disaster
Authors: Hemingway Maureen , Ferguson Joanne 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDisasters disrupt everyone's lives, and they can disrupt the flow and function of an OR as well as affect personnel on a professional and personal level even though perioperative departments and their personnel are used to caring for trauma patients and coping with surprises. The Boston Marathon bombing was a new experience for personnel at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. This article discusses the incidents surrounding the bombing and how personnel at this hospital met the challenge of caring for patients and the changes we made after the experience to be better prepared in the event a response to a similar incident is needed.
An Analysis of Surgical Smoke Plume Components, Capture, and Evacuation
Authors: Schultz Leonard 
Published: January 2014

AbstractChronic exposure to surgical smoke can transmit viruses; lead to respiratory illness; and increase the risk of more serious conditions, including Alzheimer disease, collagen and cardiac diseases, and cancer. Despite this, surgical smoke plume capture and evacuation devices are often used sporadically or not at all, and do not necessarily reduce costs per procedure. In addition, the current choices for smoke plume capture are varied, and health care providers may make decisions about what type of method to use based on marketing materials rather than facts, leaving most clinicians and managers frustrated and cynical about supporting the effort to capture surgical smoke plume. This article presents current data and information that purchasing teams can use to help choose the best available technology for their practice patterns. It also provides analysis to help those responsible for choosing smoke evacuation systems make rational decisions in their quest to provide a clean, safe environment in the OR.
Clinical Issues‐February 2014
Authors: Van Wicklin Sharon A. 
Published: January 2014

This MonthAdhesive tape rolls as a source of infectionKey words: adhesive tape, adhesive products, surgical tape, infection prevention.Removing and discarding the outer layer of adhesive tapeKey words: adhesive tape, surgical tape, infection prevention.Hand hygiene before donning unsterile glovesKey words: hand hygiene, unsterile gloves, infection prevention.Preparing for a procedure on a patient who is allergic to Di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)Key words: di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate, DEHP, polyvinyl chloride, PVC, allergy, nursing process, nursing care plan.Surgical wound classificationKey words: wound classification, documentation, surgical site infection.
Introducing AORN's New Model for Evidence Rating
Authors: Spruce Lisa , Van Wicklin Sharon A. , Hicks Rodney W. , Conner Ramona , Dunn Debra 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNurses today are expected to implement evidence‐based practices in the perioperative setting to assess and implement practice changes. All evidence‐based practice begins with a question, a practice problem to address, or a needed change that is identified. To assess the question, a literature search is performed and relevant literature is identified and appraised. The types of evidence used to inform practice can be scientific research (eg, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews) or nonresearch evidence (eg, regulatory and accrediting agency requirements, professional association practice standards and guidelines, quality improvement project reports). The AORN recommended practices are a synthesis of related knowledge on a given topic, and the authorship process begins with a systematic review of the literature conducted in collaboration with a medical librarian. At least two appraisers independently evaluate the applicable literature for quality and strength by using the AORN Research Appraisal Tool and AORN Non‐Research Appraisal Tool. To collectively appraise the evidence supporting particular practice recommendations, the AORN recommended practices authors have implemented a new evidence rating model that is appropriate for research and nonresearch literature and that is relevant to the perioperative setting.
Does Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Reduce Hospital Stay? A Randomized Trial
Authors: Webster Joan , Osborne Sonya Ranee , Gill Richard , Chow Carina Faran Kalan , Wallin Siobhan , Jones Lee , Tang Annie 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOral carbohydrate‐rich fluids are used preoperatively to improve postoperative recovery, but their effectiveness for reducing length of hospital stay is uncertain. We assessed the effectiveness of preoperative loading with carbohydrates on the postoperative outcomes of 44 patients scheduled for elective colorectal surgery who were randomly allocated to a carbohydrate‐rich fluid group or a usual care group during their preadmission clinic visit. Our primary outcome was the time patients required to be ready for discharge. Patients in the control group spent an average of 4.3 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2‐5.7) in the hospital and patients in the carbohydrate‐rich fluid group spent 4.1 days (95% CI, 3.2‐5.4) in the hospital until they met discharge criteria (P = .824). We found that the safety of administering preoperative oral carbohydrate‐rich fluids is supported, but we were unable to confirm or refute the benefit of this treatment regimen for contributing to shorter hospital stays after elective colorectal surgery.
Developing a Strategy to Identify and Treat Older Patients With Postoperative Delirium
Authors: Brooks Paula , Spillane Jeffrey J. , Dick Karen , Stuart‐Shor Eileen 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPostoperative delirium is one of the most common adverse outcomes in elderly patients undergoing surgery and is associated with increased morbidity, length of stay, and patient care costs. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent strategy to identify and treat general surgical patients 65 years of age or older at risk for and who develop postoperative delirium at Cape Cod Hospital, a community hospital in southern New England. We evaluated 96 patients using the Mini‐Cog assessment tool preoperatively and the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) delirium screening tool or CAM‐Intensive Care Unit (CAM‐ICU) assessment tool postoperatively. Patients who tested positive during preoperative assessment underwent a postoperative delirium management protocol. We summarized data using descriptive statistics. The results showed an association between compliance and outcomes. High compliance with implementation of CAM and CAM‐ICU assessment tools resulted in increased identification of postoperative delirium in the older surgical population. The use of screening tools helped facilitate early identification of postoperative delirium in elderly surgical patients.
Epstein-Barr virus and Hodgkin lymphoma in Jordan
Authors: Sughayer Maher A , Haddad Hussam A , Al-Yousef Rana M , El-Khateeb Mohammed , Abu-Rass Hanoods 
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
This study aims to examine the possible association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and to shed light on the epidemiology of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in Jordan.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We examined 100 consecutive cases of HL for the presence of EBV in tumor cells by immunohistochemistry for latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1). We collected patient data on age, sex and histologic subtype. We reviewed the pathological findings in each case and confirmed diagnosis.

RESULTS:
Nodular lymphocyte predominant HL was diagnosed in 6% of the cases and these were negative for EBV LMP-1. Of the 94 cases of cHL, 65% were males, the most common subtype was nodular sclerosis (NS), representing 70% of the cases, and 45.7% of cHL (43% of all HL) cases were positive for EBV LMP-1. The positive cases were significantly related to age: ≤15 years and >51 years (p: 0.009 and 0.014 respectively), male gender (p: 0.03) and mixed cellularity (MC) subtype (p: <0.0001). In line with other developing countries, there also appears to be a trend towards a decreasing association of EBV with cHL and a subtype switch from MC to NS in Jordan.

CONCLUSION:
The epidemiology of HL in Jordan and some developing countries is approaching that of developed countries.
Vultures vs livestock: conservation relationships in an emerging conflict between humans and wildlife
Authors: Margalida Antoni , Campión David , Donázar José A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHuman–wildlife conflict is emerging as an important topic in conservation. Carnivores and birds of prey are responsible for most conflicts with livestock and game but since the mid 1990s a new conflict is emerging in south-west Europe: the presumed killing of livestock by griffon vulturesGyps fulvus. Lack of scientific data and magnification of the problem by the media are increasing alarm amongst the public, and political pressures to implement management decisions have not been based on scientific evidence. We compiled information on 1,793 complaints about attacks by griffon vultures on livestock, lodged with Spanish authorities from 1996 to 2010. Spain is home to the majority (95%) of griffon vultures and other scavengers in the European Union. Most of the cases occurred in areas of high livestock density, affected principally sheep (49%) and cows (31%), and were associated with spring birthing times (April–June). On average 69% of the complaints made annually were rejected because of a lack of evidence about whether the animal was alive before being eaten. The total economic cost of compensation was EUR 278,590 from 2004 to 2010. We discuss possible ways to mitigate this emerging human–wildlife conflict. These need to include the participation of livestock farmers, authorities, scientists and conservation groups.
Supplementing with vitamin C the diet of honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica) parasitized with Varroa destructor: effects on antioxidative status
Authors: FARJAN MAREK , ŁOPIEŃSKA-BIERNAT ELŻBIETA , LIPIŃSKI ZBIGNIEW , DMITRYJUK MAŁGORZATA , ŻÓŁTOWSKA KRYSTYNA 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYWe studied a total of eight developmental stages of capped brood and newly emerged workers of Apis mellifera carnica colonies naturally parasitized with Varroa destructor. During winter and early spring four colonies were fed syrup containing 1·8 mg vitamin C kg−1 (ascorbic acid group; group AA) while four colonies were fed syrup without the vitamin C (control group C). Selected elements of the antioxidative system were analysed including total antioxidant status (TAS), glutathione content and antioxidative enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase). Body weight, protein content and indices of infestation were also determined. The prevalence (8·11%) and intensity (1·15 parasite per bee) of the infestation were lower in group AA compared with group C (11·3% and 1·21, respectively). Changes in the indicators of antioxidative stress were evidence for the strengthening of the antioxidative system in the brood by administration of vitamin C. In freshly emerged worker bees of group AA, despite the infestation, protein content, TAS, and the activity of all antioxidative enzymes had significantly higher values in relation to group C.
The effect of psychotherapy for depression on improvements in social functioning: a meta-analysis
Authors: Renner F. , Cuijpers P. , Huibers M. J. H. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundPatients with depression often report impairments in social functioning. From a patient perspective, improvements in social functioning might be an important outcome in psychotherapy for depression. Therefore, it is important to examine the effects of psychotherapy on social functioning in patients with depression.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis on studies of psychotherapy for depression that reported results for social functioning at post-treatment. Only studies that compared psychotherapy to a control condition were included (31 studies with 2956 patients).ResultsThe effect size of psychotherapy on social functioning was small to moderate, before [Hedges' g = 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32–0.60] and after adjusting for publication bias (g = 0.40, 95% CI 0.25–0.55). Univariate moderator analyses revealed that studies using care as usual as a control group versus other control groups yielded lower effect sizes, whereas studies conducted in the USA versus other countries and studies that used clinician-rated instruments versus self-report yielded higher effect sizes. Higher quality studies yielded lower effect sizes whereas the number of treatment sessions and the effect size of depressive symptoms were positively related to the effect size of social functioning. When controlling for these and additional characteristics simultaneously in multivariate meta-regression, the effect size of depressive symptoms, treatment format and number of sessions were significant predictors. The effect size of social functioning remained marginally significant, indicating that improvements in social functioning are not fully explained by improvements in depressive symptoms.ConclusionsPsychotherapy for depression results in small to moderate improvements in social functioning. These improvements are strongly associated with, but not fully explained by, improvements in depressive symptoms.
The Voyages of the “Sea Adventure” to Ayutthaya, 1615–1618: The English East India Company and its Siam–Japan Trade
Authors: na Pombejra Dhiravat 
Published: January 2014

The English East India Company (EIC) first arrived in Siam in 1612, when its traders were given a royal audience by King Songtham (r. 1610/11–28) in Ayutthaya. Peter Floris and Lucas Antheuniss, Dutchmen working for the EIC, came to Patani on theGlobeand then branched out to other ports, exploring the possibilities of trade in mainland Southeast Asia. Armed with a letter from King James I, the EIC employees led by Antheuniss and Thomas Essington were able not only to approach the court, but also to observe for themselves the possibilities of trade in Siam. This first sojourn in Ayutthaya marked the start of over a decade of Anglo–Siamese contacts, through the establishment and maintenance of an EIC factory in Ayutthaya.During this first phase, the EIC was to stay in Ayutthaya for only eleven years, closing its factory in 1623. It was not until the 1660s, after a gap of around thirty years, that the company returned to trade in Siam. After a troubled stay, the EIC once again left Siam in 1685, and was engaged in war with the court of King Narai (r. 1656–88) over several disputes. The only English merchants coming to Siam after 1688 were “country traders” mostly based in India.