bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between regional cerebral blood flow and neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Yoshida Taku , Mori Takaaki , Yamazaki Kiyohiro , Sonobe Naomi , Shimizu Hideaki , Matsumoto Teruhisa , Kikuchi Keiichi , Miyagawa Masao , Mochizuki Teruhito , Ueno Shu‐ichi 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveThis aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms underlying the neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies by investigating regional cerebral blood flow.MethodsParticipants were 27 patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for probable dementia with Lewy bodies. All subjects underwent single‐photon emission computed tomography scans using technetium‐99 m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were evaluated by neuropsychiatric inventory. Multiple regression analyses using neuropsychiatric inventory and voxel‐based analyses of covariance of the regional cerebral blood flow images between subjects with or without each neuropsychiatric symptom were performed. Additionally, similar voxel‐based analyses of covariance between subjects with each neuropsychiatric symptom and normal subjects were performed.ResultsThere were no significant correlations in any psychiatric symptoms in multiple regression analyses. All subjects had hallucination but none had euphoria. We analyzed eight neuropsychiatric symptom scores with the exception of hallucination and euphoria using voxel‐based analyses of covariance. Significant differences of regional cerebral blood flow were shown in groups with agitation, disinhibition, and irritability. Subjects with agitation showed hypoperfusion in the parietal lobule, the precuneus, and the angular gyrus, and hyperperfusion in the fusiform gyrus, the lingual gyrus, and the thalamus. Subjects with disinhibition showed hypoperfusion in the left frontal gyrus. Subjects with irritability showed hyperperfusion in the right frontal gyrus. There were no significant differences in regional cerebral blood flow between subjects with any neuropsychiatric symptoms and normal subjects.ConclusionThis study reveals that dysfunction of specific brain regions is associated with various neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Establishing the Steric Bulk of Main Group Hydrides in Reduction Reactions
Authors: Lathem A. Paige , Treich Nicholas R. , Heiden Zachariah M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe steric bulk of reducing agents has been widely employed in the generation of chiral centers and selective reductions of organic compounds, but reports addressing the quantification of the steric bulk surrounding the main group hydride have been virtually non‐existent. To address the limited amount of steric bulk information of main group reducing agents, the cone angles of 84 main group hydrides related to the chemistry of frustrated Lewis pairs are reported. Of the 84 main group hydrides, the steric bulk of two carbon‐based hydrides, four aluminum hydrides, 11 borane‐Lewis base adducts derived from borenium cations, nine organosilanes, two organostannanes, one organogermane, and 55 borohydrides are investigated. In addition to the main group hydride complexes reported, the cone angle of four highly active metal‐hydride complexes, used in the asymmetric reduction of ketones, are determined and compared with chiral main group hydrides. Steric bulk analysis suggests that chiral hydride complexes exhibiting cone angles >165° achieve highly enantioselective reductions (>90 % ee).
[6]‐Gingerol Affects Glucose Metabolism by Dual Regulation via the AMPKα2‐Mediated AS160–Rab5 Pathway and AMPK‐Mediated Insulin Sensitizing Effects
Authors: Lee Jung Ok , Kim Nami , Lee Hye Jeong , Moon Ji Wook , Lee Soo Kyung , Kim Su Jin , Kim Joong Kwan , Park Sun Hwa , Kim Hyeon Soo 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT[6]‐Gingerol has been used to control diabetes and dyslipidemia; however, its metabolic role is poorly understood. In this study, [6]‐gingerol increased adenosine monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in mouse skeletal muscle C2C12 cells. Stimulation of glucose uptake by [6]‐gingerol was dependent on AMPKα2. Moreover, both Inhibition and knockdown of AMPKα2 blocked [6]‐gingerol‐induced glucose uptake. [6]‐Gingerol significantly decreased the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Inhibition of PP2A activity with okadaic acid enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPKα2. Moreover, the interaction between AMPKα2 and PP2A was increased by [6]‐gingerol, suggesting that PP2A mediates the effect of [6]‐gingerol on AMPK phosphorylation. In addition, [6]‐gingerol increased the phosphorylation of Akt‐substrate 160 (AS160), which is a Rab GTPase‐activating protein. Inhibition of AMPKα2 blocked [6]‐gingerol‐induced AS160 phosphorylation. [6]‐gingerol increased the Rab5, and AMPKα2 knockdown blocked [6]‐gingerol‐induced expression of Rab5, indicating AMPK play as an upstream of Rab5. It also increased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) mRNA and protein expression and stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Furthermore, insulin‐mediated glucose uptake and Akt phosphorylation were further potentiated by [6]‐gingerol treatment. This potentiation was not observed in the presence of AMPK inhibitor compound C. In summary, our results suggest that [6]‐gingerol plays an important role in glucose metabolism via the AMPKα2‐mediated AS160–Rab5 pathway and through potentiation of insulin‐mediated glucose regulation. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1401–1410, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Classification of biliary tract cancers established by the Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery: 3rd English edition
Authors: Miyazaki Masaru , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Miyakawa Shuichi , Nagino Masato , Yamamoto Masakazu , Kokudo Norihiro , Sano Keiji , Endo Itaru , Unno Michiaki , Chijiiwa Kazuo , Horiguchi Akihiko , Kinoshita Hisafumi , Oka Masaaki , Kubota Keiichi , Sugiyama Masanori , Uemoto Shinji , Shimada Mitsuo , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Inui Kazuo , Tazuma Susumu , Furuse Junji , Yanagisawa Akio , Nakanuma Yasuni , Kijima Hiroshi , Takada Tadahiro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe 3rd English edition of the Japanese classification of biliary tract cancers was released approximately 10 years after the 5th Japanese edition and the 2nd English edition. Since the first Japanese edition was published in 1981, the Japanese classification has been in extensive use, particularly among Japanese surgeons and pathologists, because the cancer status and clinical outcomes in surgically resected cases have been the main objects of interest. However, recent advances in the diagnosis, management and research of the disease prompted the revision of the classification that can be used by not only surgeons and pathologists but also by all clinicians and researchers, for the evaluation of current disease status, the determination of current appropriate treatment, and the future development of medical practice for biliary tract cancers. Furthermore, during the past 10 years, globalization has advanced rapidly, and therefore, internationalization of the classification was an important issue to revise the Japanese original staging system, which would facilitate to compare the disease information among institutions worldwide. In order to achieve these objectives, the new Japanese classification of the biliary tract cancers principally adopted the 7th edition of staging system developed by the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). However, because there are some points pending in these systems, several distinctive points were also included for the purpose of collection of information for the future optimization of the staging system. Free mobile application of the new Japanese classification of the biliary tract cancers is available via http://www.jshbps.jp/en/classification/cbt15.html.
The arterial circle of the brain, its branches and connections in selected representatives of the Antilopinae
Authors: Frąckowiak Hieronim , Dębiński Dariusz , Komosa Marcin , Zdun Maciej 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe arterial circle of the brain, that is, the circle of Willis, and its branches in ruminants have been chiefly described in farm animals and only in selected wild species. In view of the deficit of information about this vascular region in numerous other species of the Ruminantia, the arteries of the encephalic base were analyzed in five antelope species representing different genera of the Bovidae, Antilopinae. Specimens of the following species were examined: springbuck (Antidorcas marsupialis), blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), dik‐dik (Madoqua kirkii), saiga (Saiga tatarica), and oribi (Ourebia ourebi). Post‐autopsy material received from domestic zoological gardens was used to inject the bilateral common carotid arteries with a stained acetone solution of vinyl superchloride. When the material was polymerized, the specimens were macerated enzymatically. The process resulted in casts of arteries of the head and encephalic base on a skeletal scaffold. The investigations revealed that the bilateral components of the arterial circle of the brain, that is, the rostral cerebral artery and caudal communicating artery, arose from the division of the intracranial segment of the internal carotid artery, which emerges from the rostral epidural rete mirabile. The extracranial segment of the internal carotid artery was obliterated. In consequence of this process, the blood reaches the brain chiefly from the maxillary artery. The research proved that the arteries of the encephalic base in the Antilopinae are most similar to the vessels described in antelopes of Tragelaphus, Taurotragus, and Boselaphus genera and small domestic ruminants. However, they are different from the arterial pattern of the encephalic base in bovines and other species classified as the Bovini. J. Morphol. 276:766–771, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of focal adhesion kinase in mouse cumulus‐oocyte complexes, and effect of phosphorylation at Tyr397 on cumulus expansion
Authors: Ohtake Jun , Sakurai Masahiro , Hoshino Yumi , Tanemura Kentaro , Sato Eimei 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYWe investigated the expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in mouse cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs), as well as the role of FAK phosphorylation at Tyr397 during oocyte maturation. The effect of inhibiting FAK phosphorylation at Tyr397 during in vitro maturation (IVM) on subsequent fertilization and preimplantation embryo development was also examined. Western blotting analyses revealed that total and Tyr397‐phosphorylated FAK were expressed in vivo in both cumulus cells and oocytes. Immunocytochemical studies localized this kinase throughout the cytoplasm of cumulus cells and oocytes; in particular, Tyr397‐phosphorylated FAK tended to accumulate in regions where cumulus cells contact each other. Interestingly, the in vivo level of Tyr397 phosphorylation in cumulus cells was significantly lower after compared to before cumulus expansion. Addition of FAK inhibitor 14, which specifically blocks phosphorylation at Tyr397, stimulated oocyte meiotic maturation and cumulus expansion during IVM in the absence of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH). Reverse‐transcriptase PCR showed that the mRNA expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2), a marker of cumulus expansion, was significantly induced in cumulus cells. Subsequent in vitro fertilization and culture showed that more oocytes developed to the blastocyst stage when they were treated with FAK inhibitor 14 during IVM, although the blastocyst total cell number was lower than in oocytes stimulated with FSH. These results indicate that FAK is involved in the maturation of COCs; specifically, phosphorylation at Tyr397 may regulate cumulus expansion via the expression of Has2 mRNA in cumulus cells, which could affect the developmental competence of oocytes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 218–231, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Waging War on Poverty: Poverty Trends Using a Historical Supplemental Poverty Measure
Authors: Fox Liana , Wimer Christopher , Garfinkel Irwin , Kaushal Neeraj , Waldfogel Jane 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUsing data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey and the March Current Population Survey, we provide poverty estimates for 1967 to 2012 based on a historical supplemental poverty measure (SPM). During this period, poverty, as officially measured, has stagnated. However, the official poverty measure (OPM) does not account for the effect of near‐cash transfers on the financial resources available to families, an important omission since such transfers have become an increasingly important part of government antipoverty policy. Applying the historical SPM, which does count such transfers, we find that trends in poverty have been more favorable than the OPM suggests and that government policies have played an important and growing role in reducing poverty—a role that is not evident when the OPM is used to assess poverty. We also find that government programs have played a particularly important role in alleviating child poverty and deep poverty, especially during economic downturns.
Multifocal endometriotic lesions associated with cancer are clonal and carry a high mutation burden
Authors: Anglesio Michael S , Bashashati Ali , Wang Yi Kan , Senz Janine , Ha Gavin , Yang Winnie , Aniba Mohamed R , Prentice Leah M , Farahani Hossein , Li Chang Hector , Karnezis Anthony N , Marra Marco A , Yong Paul J , Hirst Martin , Gilks Blake , Shah Sohrab P , Huntsman David G 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEndometriosis is a significant risk factor for clear cell and endometrioid ovarian cancers and is often found contiguous with these cancers. Using whole‐genome shotgun sequencing of seven clear cell ovarian carcinomas (CCC) and targeted sequencing in synchronous endometriosis, we have investigated how this carcinoma may evolve from endometriosis. In every case we observed multiple tumour‐associated somatic mutations in at least one concurrent endometriotic lesion. ARID1A and PIK3CA mutations appeared consistently in concurrent endometriosis when present in the primary CCC. In several cases, one or more endometriotic lesions carried the near‐complete complement of somatic mutations present in the index CCC tumour. Ancestral mutations were detected in both tumour‐adjacent and ‐distant endometriotic lesions, regardless of any cytological atypia. These findings provide objective evidence that multifocal benign endometriotic lesions are clonally related and that CCCs arising in these patients progress from endometriotic lesions that may already carry sufficient cancer‐associated mutations to be considered neoplasms themselves, albeit with low malignant potential. We speculate that genomically distinct classes of endometriosis exist and that ovarian endometriosis with high mutational burden represents one class at high risk for malignant transformation. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Investigation of a historic masonry structure by numerical and operational modal analyses
Authors: Nohutcu H. , Demir A. , Ercan E. , Hokelekli E. , Altintas G. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis paper presents the results of model calibration conducted on a historical mosque called Hafsa Sultan in Manisa, Turkey. The finite element model of the mosque was calibrated by the use of the results obtained from ambient vibration tests of the structure. In order to develop a solid model of the structure, the dimensions of the structure, defects such as cracks and material degradations in the structure, and the materials used in different parts were identified. For the evaluation of the material properties of the structure, nondestructive and destructive testing methods were used. The numerical and experimental modal parameters of the structure were obtained by finite element method (FEM) and Operational Modal Analysis (OMA), respectively. The natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes were obtained from both FEM and OMA and compared with each other. While a good compatibility was achieved between mode shapes, some differences between natural frequencies occurred. It was thought that the differences resulted from variations in the Young's modulus of masonry, cracks in elements or boundary conditions. Therefore, the finite element model was calibrated by changing material parameters. Finally, a more realistic numerical model of the mosque was put forward and the results were discussed in detail. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MatrixDCN: a high performance network architecture for large‐scale cloud data centers
Authors: Sun Yantao , Chen Min , Peng Limei , Hassan Mohammad Mehedi , Alelaiwi Abdulhameed 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWith the widespread deployment of cloud services, data center networks are developing toward large‐scale, multi‐path networks. Conventional switching‐oriented data center network meets difficulties in terms of scalability and flexibility to support increasing bandwidth requirements for cloud services. To solve this problem, a simple and scalable architecture, MatrixDCN, is proposed in this paper. MatrixDCN is an approximate non‐blocking network, in which switches and servers are arranged in rows and columns that compose a matrix structure. A MatrixDCN network can accommodate up to hundreds of thousands of servers without bandwidth bottlenecks. Furthermore, the physical topology of a MatrixDCN network can be designed consistently with its logic topology, which helps to reduce the complexity of the management and maintenance of a data center. An efficient routing algorithm, named fault‐avoidance routing (FAR), is well designed for MatrixDCN to fully leverage the regularity in the topology. FAR builds two routing tables for a router. A BRT is built based on local topology, and a novel negative routing table (NRT) is increasingly built based on learned partial network failures, which really avoids the problem of network convergence and further shortens the calculating time of routing tables. FAR also greatly reduces the size of routing tables by introducing NRTs at routers. Theoretical analysis and simulations show that MatrixDCN has advantages on the scalability of topology, network throughput, and the performance of FAR. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The demographics of developmental hip dysplasia in the Midwestern United States (Indiana)
Authors: Loder Randall T. , Shafer Cody 
Published: February 2015

Background Today's society is much more mobile than in the past. This increased mobility has resulted in different marriage/parenting groups. We wished to study the demographics of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in our area and compare/contrast our findings with those in the literature and specifically look for new findings compared to previous studies. Methods A retrospective review of all children with DDH from 2003 through 2012 was performed. The age at first visit, gestational age, pregnancy number, gender, race, and family history of DDH was collected. Statistical significance was a p-value < 0.05. Results There were 424 children (363 girls, 61 boys). Ethnicity was White in 80.8 %, Hispanic in 13.8 %, Black in 4.0 %, and Indo-Malay and Indo-Mediterranean in 0.7 % each; 66.8 % were unilateral; 14.2 % had a positive family history. The average gestational age was 38.1 weeks; 94.4 % were full term. The child was vertex presentation in 67.6 % and breech in 32.4 %; 52.8 % were delivered vaginally and 47.2 % by Cesarean section. The child was the first-born in 48.3 %. When compared to the birth statistics of our state, there was a higher proportion of Whites and Hispanics with DDH, and a lower, but not inconsequential, proportion of Blacks ( p = 0.0018). Conclusion Mixing of gene pools and infant carrying methods (lack of swaddling or marked abduction) occurring with societal change likely explains the higher than expected proportion of DDH amongst those of Hispanic ethnicity and a lower than expected, but not rare, proportion in those of African ancestry. Level of evidence Level IV—retrospective case series.
Peripheral Intravenous Access Using Ultrasound Guidance: Defining the Learning Curve
Authors: Ault Mark J. , Tanabe Ryoko , Rosen Bradley T. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Background: The need for peripheral intravenous (IV) access in anatomically challenging patients is becoming a more commonly encountered clinical problem. The significant investment devoted to physician training for ultrasound-guided vascular access has not yet been matched by a similar commitment to nursing. Nurses, paramedics, and physicians are becoming more enthusiastic about peripheral IV access with ultrasound (PIVUS); however, institutional and clinician support has not yet been forthcoming. The learning curve for PIVUS has never been rigorously studied, and may be flatter than previously assumed.
Methods: Registered nurses were selected to participate as trainees. Training involved 1:1 sessions consisting of formal orientation to portable ultrasound, mentoring, and practice sessions with a nurse practitioner who has expertise in ultrasound-guided peripheral vascular access; hands-on, supervised practice cannulating vessels on a nonhuman tissue simulator; and supervised attempts on live patients.
Results: Seven of 8 trainees completed the training. The average number of patient encounters required to achieve 10 successful IV placements was 25 (range =18–32). The average time required for successful vessel cannulation was 19.57 minutes (range =5–62 minutes). An average of 25 attempts was required to achieve proficiency, and average of 50 cases was required to maintain consistency.
Conclusions: In today's practice environment, PIVUS skills are increasingly important. The results of our study demonstrate that, with appropriate hands-on training and supervision, these skills can be effectively taught to registered nurses.