bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeling safe in the plane: Neural mechanisms underlying superior action control in airplane pilot trainees—A combined EEG/MRS study
Authors: Yildiz Ali , Quetscher Clara , Dharmadhikari Shalmali , Chmielewski Witold , Glaubitz Benjamin , Schmidt‐Wilcke Tobias , Edden Richard , Dydak Ulrike , Beste Christian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn day‐to‐day life, we need to apply strategies to cascade different actions for efficient unfolding of behavior. While deficits in action cascading are examined extensively, almost nothing is known about the neuronal mechanisms mediating superior performance above the normal level. To examine this question, we investigate action control in airplane pilot trainees. We use a stop‐change paradigm that is able to estimate the efficiency of action cascading on the basis of mathematical constraints. Behavioral and EEG data is analyzed along these constraints and integrated with neurochemical data obtained using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) from the striatal gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) ‐ergic system. We show that high performance in action cascading, as exemplified in airplane pilot trainees, can be driven by intensified attentional processes, circumventing response selection processes. The results indicate that the efficiency of action cascading and hence the speed of responding as well as attentional gating functions are modulated by striatal GABA and Glutamate + Glutamine concentrations. In superior performance in action cascading similar increases in the concentrations of GABA and Glutamate + Glutamine lead to stronger neurophysiological and behavioral effects as compared to subjects with normal performance in action cascading. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5040–5051, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐atlas based representations for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis
Authors: Min Rui , Wu Guorong , Cheng Jian , Wang Qian , Shen Dinggang ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2014

AbstractBrain morphometry based classification from magnetic resonance (MR) acquisitions has been widely investigated in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its prodromal stage, i.e., mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In the literature, a morphometric representation of brain structures is obtained by spatial normalization of each image into a common space (i.e., a pre‐defined atlas) via non‐linear registration, thus the corresponding regions in different brains can be compared. However, representations generated from one single atlas may not be sufficient to reveal the underlying anatomical differences between the groups of disease‐affected patients and normal controls (NC). In this article, we propose a different methodology, namely the multi‐atlas based morphometry, which measures morphometric representations of the same image in different spaces of multiple atlases. Representations generated from different atlases can thus provide the complementary information to discriminate different groups, and also reduce the negative impacts from registration errors. Specifically, each studied subject is registered to multiple atlases, where adaptive regional features are extracted. Then, all features from different atlases are jointly selected by a correlation and relevance based scheme, followed by final classification with the support vector machine (SVM). We have evaluated the proposed method on 459 subjects (97 AD, 117 progressive‐MCI (p‐MCI), 117 stable‐MCI (s‐MCI), and 128 NC) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, and achieved 91.64% for AD/NC classification and 72.41% for p‐MCI/s‐MCI classification. Our results clearly demonstrate that the proposed multi‐atlas based method can significantly outperform the previous single‐atlas based methods. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5052–5070, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sigmoid sinus occlusion infiltrated by inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor from mastoid
Authors: Wang Jingye , Sun Zhongwu , Zhuo Shengxia , Wang Kai 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) and some types of immunoglobulin (Ig) G4‐related disease are often involved in the spectrum of inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) and the concept of IgG4‐related IPT/IMT has recently been proposed.MethodsA 38‐year‐old man complained of initial symptoms of blurred vision and headache.ResultsA tumor was found in the right mastoid, which caused occlusion of the right sigmoid sinus and intracranial hypertension. A diagnosis of IMT with IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration was established by surgical, pathological, and immunohistochemistry findings. His symptoms were completely relieved after corticosteroid therapy and no recurrence was detected during 22 months of follow‐up.ConclusionA case with cerebral venous sinus infiltrated by IMTs in the head and neck has never been reported; corticosteroid therapy proved satisfactory in IMT with IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: E4–E7, 2015
Hippocampal control of repetition effects for associative stimuli
Authors: Kremers Nico A.W. , Deuker Lorena , Kranz Thorsten A. , Oehrn Carina , Fell Juergen , Axmacher Nikolai 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTRecent findings suggest that repetition effects interact with episodic memory processes that are putatively supported by the hippocampus. Thus, the formation or refinement of episodic memories may be related to a modulating signal from the hippocampus to the neocortex which leads to sparser or more extended stimulus representations (repetition suppression or enhancement), depending on the type of stimulus and the brain site. This framework suggests that hippocampal activity during the initial presentation of a stimulus correlates with the magnitude of repetition effects. Here, we tested this hypothesis in an fMRI study in which associations between faces and buildings were presented twice. BOLD responses showed repetition suppression in fusiform face area (FFA) and parahippocampal place area (PPA), most likely due to a refinement of existing category representations. Hippocampal activity during the first presentations was correlated with the amount of repetition suppression, in particular in the FFA. Repetition enhancement effects were observed on BOLD responses in posterior parietal cortex, possibly related to the formation of new representations of associative stimuli. The magnitude of parietal BOLD repetition effects depended on successful memory formation. These findings suggest that both repetition enhancement and repetition suppression effects are influenced by a modulating signal from the hippocampus. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intact CA3 in the hippocampus is only sufficient for contextual behavior based on well‐learned and unaltered visual background
Authors: Ahn Jae‐Rong , Lee Inah 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTComputational models suggest that the dentate gyrus and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus are responsible for discrete memory representations using pattern separation and pattern completion when a modified external stimulus is recognized as an old memory or encoded as a new memory. Experimental evidence of such computational processes in the hippocampus has been obtained mostly from spatial navigational tasks, and little is known about the proposed computational functions of the hippocampal subfields in “nonspatial” memory tasks. We tested whether rats with major damage in the dentate gyrus induced by colchicine lesions could remember patterned visual scene stimuli presented on LCD screens in the background. Rats responded using a touchscreen to indicate the identity of the visual scene. Performance of the lesion group was normal when tested with familiar visual scenes that had been learned prior to surgery. Lesioned rats exhibited severe deficits in learning novel visual scenes, but eventually reached the same level of performance as controls. However, unlike in controls, novel scene‐associated memories formed in the lesion group were unstable and easily disrupted when ambiguous versions of the novel scenes were presented intermixed with the original stimuli. Our findings confirm that the prior computational models can also be applied to the nonspatial memory domain and suggest that the dentate gyrus is not necessary for the retrieval of learned visual scene‐associated behavioral responses but plays a crucial role in forming novel visual scene‐dependent memory and recognizing altered or ambiguous visual scenes in the background. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Response to O'Reilly et al. (2014)
Authors: Crane Judy L 
Published: April 2014

Key Points
O'Reilly et al. (2013) made several errors in their paper regarding environmental forensic techniques for pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Their use of alkylated PAHs in forensic evaluations to determine petrogenic (i.e., oil-based) sources of PAHs is limited for urban sediments that are frequently classified as pyrogenic (i.e., combustion sources). O'Reilly et al. (2013) used a small number of samples from multiple sources in their principal components analysis figures and they simply do not have enough data to use this statistical technique. The authors recommended using both the USEPA's chemical mass balance and Unmix models for evaluating the source apportionment of PAHs in sediment data sets; however, this will not be feasible for most studies because the Unmix model requires a large sample size.
Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Partially Preserve Bone Mass, Microarchitecture, and Strength by Promoting Bone Formation in Hindlimb-Suspended Rats
Authors: Jing Da , Cai Jing , Wu Yan , Shen Guanghao , Li Feijiang , Xu Qiaoling , Xie Kangning , Tang Chi , Liu Juan , Guo Wei , Wu Xiaoming , Jiang Maogang , Luo Erping 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

A large body of evidence indicates that pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF), as a safe and noninvasive method, could promote in vivo and in vitro osteogenesis. Thus far, the effects and underlying mechanisms of PEMF on disuse osteopenia and/or osteoporosis remain poorly understood. Herein, the efficiency of PEMF on osteoporotic bone microarchitecture, bone strength, and bone metabolism, together with its associated signaling pathway mechanism, was systematically investigated in hindlimb-unloaded (HU) rats. Thirty young mature (3-month-old), male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally assigned to control, HU, and HU + PEMF groups. The HU + PEMF group was subjected to daily 2-hour PEMF exposure at 15 Hz, 2.4 mT. After 4 weeks, micro–computed tomography (µCT) results showed that PEMF ameliorated the deterioration of trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture. Three-point bending test showed that PEMF mitigated HU-induced reduction in femoral mechanical properties, including maximum load, stiffness, and elastic modulus. Moreover, PEMF increased serum bone formation markers, including osteocalcin (OC) and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP); nevertheless, PEMF exerted minor inhibitory effects on bone resorption markers, including C-terminal crosslinked telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-I) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAcP5b). Bone histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that PEMF increased mineral apposition rate, bone formation rate, and osteoblast numbers in cancellous bone, but PEMF caused no obvious changes on osteoclast numbers. Real-time PCR showed that PEMF promoted tibial gene expressions of Wnt1, LRP5, β-catenin, OPG, and OC, but did not alter RANKL, RANK, or Sost mRNA levels. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of PEMF on disuse-induced osteopenia were further confirmed in 8-month-old mature adult HU rats. Together, these results demonstrate that PEMF alleviated disuse-induced bone loss by promoting skeletal anabolic activities, and imply that PEMF might become a potential biophysical treatment modality for disuse osteoporosis. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Endogenous Bone Regeneration Is Dependent Upon a Dynamic Oxygen Event
Authors: Sammarco Mimi C , Simkin Jennifer , Fassler Danielle , Cammack Alex J , Wilson Aaron , Van Meter Keith , Muneoka Ken 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Amputation of the digit tip within the terminal phalangeal bone of rodents, monkeys, and humans results in near-perfect regeneration of bone and surrounding tissues; however, amputations at a more proximal level fail to produce the same regenerative result. Digit regeneration is a coordinated, multifaceted process that incorporates signaling from bioactive growth factors both in the tissue matrix and from several different cell populations. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in bone regeneration we developed a novel multi-tissue slice-culture model that regenerates bone ex vivo via direct ossification. Our study provides an integrated multi-tissue system for bone and digit regeneration and allows us to circumvent experimental limitations that exist in vivo. We used this slice-culture model to evaluate the influence of oxygen on regenerating bone. Micro–computed tomography (µCT) and histological analysis revealed that the regenerative response of the digit is facilitated in part by a dynamic oxygen event, in which mutually exclusive high and low oxygen microenvironments exist and vacillate in a coordinated fashion during regeneration. Areas of increased oxygen are initially seen in the marrow and then surrounding areas of vasculature in the regenerating digit. Major hypoxic events are seen at 7 days postamputation (DPA 7) in the marrow and again at DPA 12 in the blastema, and manipulation of oxygen tensions during these hypoxic phases can shift the dynamics of digit regeneration. Oxygen increased to 21% oxygen tension can either accelerate or attenuate bone mineralization in a stage-specific manner in the regenerative timeline. These studies not only reveal a circumscribed frame of oxygen influence during bone regeneration, but also suggest that oxygen may be one of the primary signaling influences during regeneration. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Calcium and Vitamin D in Sarcoidosis: Is Supplementation Safe?
Authors: Kamphuis Lieke S , Bonte-Mineur Femke , van Laar Jan A , van Hagen P Martin , van Daele Paul L 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Granulomas in sarcoidosis express high levels of 1α-hydroxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of 25-OH vitamin D to its active form, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D. Overproduction of 1α-hydroxylase is held responsible for the development of hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis patients. Corticosteroids are used as first-line treatment in organ-threatening sarcoidosis. In this light, osteoporosis prevention with calcium and vitamin D (CAD) supplementation is often warranted. However, sarcoidosis patients are at risk for hypercalcemia, and CAD supplementation affects the calcium metabolism. We studied calcium and vitamin D disorders in a large cohort of sarcoidosis patients and investigated if CAD supplementation is safe. Retrospectively, data of 301 sarcoidosis patients from July 1986 to June 2009 were analyzed for serum calcium, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-(OH)D), 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and use of CAD supplementation. Disease activity of sarcoidosis was compared with serum levels of vitamin D. Hypercalcemia occurred in 8%. A significant negative correlation was found between 25-(OH)D and disease activity of sarcoidosis measured by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. In our study, 5 of the 104 CAD-supplemented patients developed hypercalcemia, but CAD supplementation was not the cause of hypercalcemia. Patients without CAD supplementation were at higher risk for developing hypercalcemia. During CAD supplementation, no hypercalcemia developed as a result of supplementation. Hypovitaminosis D seems to be related with more disease activity of sarcoidosis and, therefore, could be a potential risk factor for disease activity of sarcoidosis. Thus, vitamin D–deficient sarcoidosis patients should be supplemented. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Widespread Differential Maternal and Paternal Genome Effects on Fetal Bone Phenotype at Mid-Gestation
Authors: Xiang Ruidong , Lee Alice MC , Eindorf Tanja , Javadmanesh Ali , Ghanipoor-Samami Mani , Gugger Madeleine , Fitzsimmons Carolyn J , Kruk Zbigniew A , Pitchford Wayne S , Leviton Alison J , Thomsen Dana A , Beckman Ian , Anderson Gail I , Burns Brian M , Rutley David L , Xian Cory J , Hiendleder Stefan 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Parent-of-origin–dependent (epi)genetic factors are important determinants of prenatal development that program adult phenotype. However, data on magnitude and specificity of maternal and paternal genome effects on fetal bone are lacking. We used an outbred bovine model to dissect and quantify effects of parental genomes, fetal sex, and nongenetic maternal effects on the fetal skeleton and analyzed phenotypic and molecular relationships between fetal muscle and bone. Analysis of 51 bone morphometric and weight parameters from 72 fetuses recovered at day 153 gestation (54% term) identified six principal components (PC1–6) that explained 80% of the variation in skeletal parameters. Parental genomes accounted for most of the variation in bone wet weight (PC1, 72.1%), limb ossification (PC2, 99.8%), flat bone size (PC4, 99.7%), and axial skeletal growth (PC5, 96.9%). Limb length showed lesser effects of parental genomes (PC3, 40.8%) and a significant nongenetic maternal effect (gestational weight gain, 29%). Fetal sex affected bone wet weight (PC1, p &lt; 0.0001) and limb length (PC3, p &lt; 0.05). Partitioning of variation explained by parental genomes revealed strong maternal genome effects on bone wet weight (74.1%, p &lt; 0.0001) and axial skeletal growth (93.5%, p &lt; 0.001), whereas paternal genome controlled limb ossification (95.1%, p &lt; 0.0001). Histomorphometric data revealed strong maternal genome effects on growth plate height (98.6%, p &lt; 0.0001) and trabecular thickness (85.5%, p &lt; 0.0001) in distal femur. Parental genome effects on fetal bone were mirrored by maternal genome effects on fetal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (96.9%, p &lt; 0.001) and paternal genome effects on alkaline phosphatase (90.0%, p &lt; 0.001) and their correlations with maternally controlled bone wet weight and paternally controlled limb ossification, respectively. Bone wet weight and flat bone size correlated positively with muscle weight (r = 0.84 and 0.77, p &lt; 0.0001) and negatively with muscle H19 expression (r = –0.34 and –0.31, p &lt; 0.01). Because imprinted maternally expressed H19 regulates growth factors by miRNA interference, this suggests muscle-bone interaction via epigenetic factors. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effect of temperature on treating chemical synthesis‐based pharmaceutical wastewater containing 7‐ACA by a novel multi‐stage loop membrane bioreactor
Authors: Chen Zhaobo , He Zhangwei , Hu Dongxue , Cui Yubo , Ran Chunqiu , Ge Hui , Zhang Shunli , Shi Yue , Yang Mengjie , Wang Aijie , Chen Zhiqiang , Ren Nanqi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBACKGROUND7‐amino cephalosporanic acid (7‐ACA) is the most critical intermediate for cephalosporin antibiotics but has caused serious water pollution. In this study, a bench‐scale test was conducted with a novel multi‐stage loop membrane bioreactor (MsLMBR) to treat chemical synthesis‐based pharmaceutical wastewater containing 7‐ACA.RESULTSThe MsLMBR system comprised a multi‐stage loop aerobic reactor and a separate membrane module operated at different temperatures. Results showed that for MsLMBR1 at 15°C, MsLMBR2 at 25°C and MsLMBR3 at 35°C, the average total chemical oxygen demands (TCODs) of the effluent were all less than 80 mg L−1. For MsLMBR2 and MsLMBR3, the microorganisms had better microbial activities and drug‐resistances, and the biological removal was given priority to TCOD removal. But for MsLMBR1, there was no significant difference between biological removal and physical removal at the early stage. Average 7‐ACA concentration of effluent was less than 40 mg L−1 at 35°C. The laboratory data fitted the simulated data well using a time series analysis model (TSAM) in a MsLMBR system.CONCLUSION7‐ACA pharmaceutical wastewater was effectively treated in a MsLMBR system, which also performed well at low temperature. In addition, the TSAM was a valid means to simulate and predict the efficiency of removal of an organic substance. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of reactive iron impregnated nanoporous activated carbon and its application in anaerobic biological treatment to enhance biodegradability of ortho‐phenylenediamine
Authors: Karthikeyan Sekar , Judia Magthalin Christopher , Mahesh Mannacharaju , Anandan Chinnasamy , Sekaran Ganesan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDO‐phenylene diamine (OPD) is a bioresistant and endocrine disrupting chemical. Fenton oxidation can partially degrade OPD, but the products formed are more bioresistant than OPD. The main objective of the present investigation is to create a novel integrated IINPAC‐H2O2 oxidation system followed by anaerobic biological treatment to destroy OPD in aqueous solution.RESULTSIINPAC‐H2O2 oxidation (pre‐treatment method) was attempted with the prepared iron impregnated nanoporous activated carbon (IINPAC) catalyst and degradation studies were carried out at optimum conditions, hydraulic reaction time 120 min; pH 7; H2O2 1.76 mmol/L−1; IINPAC 0.2 g L−1 and OPD 2000 mg L−1. The biodegradability index (BOD5/COD) of OPD was increased from 0.1 to 0.45 under optimum conditions. The IINPAC‐H2O2 treated effluent was further treated in a fluidized anaerobic reactor using Enterococcus faecalis sp. (GenBank: KF656727).CONCLUSIONThe integrated catalytic IINPAC‐H2O2 oxidation system and anaerobic biological treatment process removed 98.45% of COD and 79% of BOD5. Stability and reusability tests of IINPAC showed that it could retain its catalytic activity even after 15 cycles. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Treatment of an agrochemical wastewater by combined coagulation and Fenton oxidation
Authors: Molina Raul , Pariente Isabel , Rodríguez Ivan , Martínez Fernando , Melero Juan Antonio 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrowing environmental concern about the presence of pesticides in water demands their removal, particularly in industrial wastewater effluents. These streams are characterized by high content of organic colloidal matter. Physicochemical treatments based on the combination of coagulation–flocculation processes have been well studied. An integral treatment of a non‐biodegradable agrochemical wastewater has been tackled by physicochemical treatment with polyferric chloride (PFC) followed by a homogeneous Fenton oxidation process.RESULTSThe potential coagulation and flocculation properties of PFC were evaluated for PFC solutions of different OH/Fe molar ratios. TOC removal of 81% was obtained in the coagulation–flocculation pre‐treatment under the best operating conditions. The Fenton process with moderate dosage of hydrogen peroxide and 90 °C also provided an extra 37% TOC reduction. The sludge from the physicochemical process was successfully activated with KOH at 750°C, obtaining a highly microporous material of 1240 m2 g−1 of surface area.CONCLUSIONThis work proposes a cost‐effective approach to the treatment of a non‐biodegradable agrochemical wastewater, achieving overall TOC reduction of 88%. The iron‐containing sludge generated in the primary physicochemical treatment when treated by thermal treatment provides a promising adsorbent. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry