bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin synthesis impairment as a new deleterious outcome of diabetes‐derived hyperglycemia
Authors: Amaral Fernanda G. , Turati Ariane O. , Barone Mark , Scialfa Julieta H. , do Carmo Buonfiglio Daniella , Peres Rafael , Peliciari‐Garcia Rodrigo A. , Afeche Solange C. , Lima Larissa , Scavone Cristoforo , Bordin Silvana , Reiter Russel J. , Menna‐Barreto Luiz , Cipolla‐Neto José 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMelatonin is a neurohormone that works as a nighttime signal for circadian integrity and health maintenance. It is crucial for energy metabolism regulation, and the diabetes effects on its synthesis are unresolved. Using diverse techniques that included pineal microdialysis and ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography, the present data show a clear acute and sustained melatonin synthesis reduction in diabetic rats as a result of pineal metabolism impairment that is unrelated to cell death. Hyperglycemia is the main cause of several diabetic complications, and its consequences in terms of melatonin production were assessed. Here, we show that local high glucose (HG) concentration is acutely detrimental to pineal melatonin synthesis in rats both in vivo and in vitro. The clinically depressive action of high blood glucose concentration in melatonin levels was also observed in type 1 diabetes patients who presented a negative correlation between hyperglycemia and 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin excretion. Additionally, high‐mean‐glycemia type 1 diabetes patients presented lower 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin levels when compared to control subjects. Although further studies are needed to fully clarify the mechanisms, the present results provide evidence that high circulating glucose levels interfere with pineal melatonin production. Given the essential role played by melatonin as a powerful antioxidant and in the control of energy homeostasis, sleep and biological rhythms and knowing that optimal glycemic control is usually an issue for patients with diabetes, melatonin supplementation may be considered as an additional tool to the current treatment.
A guide to critiquing a research paper on clinical supervision: enhancing skills for practice
Authors: Fothergill A. , Lipp A. 
Published: May 2014

Accessible summary
This paper aims to do two things: First, we want to show the reader how to critique a published research paper. The second aim is to take the reader through the various stages of critiquing using a guide.
In the paper, we explain at each stage the research terms that can deter the novice critic from reading and understanding the findings in research.
From this we hope the reader will have developed an ability to do their own critiquing, so that they are better informed about the quality of research that influences nursing practice.
AbstractIn this paper we have taken a previously published paper on the effectiveness of clinical supervision and undertaken a systematic critique of the merits of this quantitative research using a recognized critiquing framework compiled by Coughlan et al. (2007). Our purpose was twofold: First, we wanted to demonstrate the various stages of critiquing a paper in order that the reader might make an informed judgment of the quality and relevance of the research. The reader/critic is then able to decide whether to use this research in their own practice. Second, we wanted to assist the reader to develop their own critical, analytical skills through methodically appraising the merits of published research. Nursing as an evidence‐based profession requires nurses at both pre‐ and post‐registration level to be able to understand, synthesize and critique research, this being a fundamental part of many nursing curricula. These have become core skills to acquire because implementing up‐to‐date evidence is the cornerstone of contemporary nursing practice. We have provided in this paper a template for critiquing, which is based on our combined experiences as academics specifically in teaching at the bachelor, master's and doctoral levels.
Effect of feeding different levels of wheat roti on nutrient utilization and blood metabolite profile in semi‐captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)
Authors: Das A. , Saini M. , Katole S. , Kullu S. S. , Swarup D. , Sharma A. K. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThis experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of wheat roti (WR) on nutrient utilization and blood metabolites in Asian elephants fed roughages ad libitum. Nine (3 M, 6 F) Asian elephants (14–52 years of age, 1909–3968 kg BW) were used in an experiment based on replicated Latin square design. Animals in each group (n = 3) were assigned to one of the three dietary treatments in a manner that animals in all the three groups were exposed to all the three treatments in three different periods. Each feeding trial comprised 30 days (25 days of adaptation and 5 days collection period). The amount of WR fed to the elephants was 0.18, 0.12 and 0.06% of BW in groups I, II and III, respectively. They were allowed to forage in the nearby forests for 6 h/day and to bathe for 2 h/day. The animals had ad libitum access to cut Rohini (Mallotus philippensis) trees in their night shelter. Intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE), Ca, P, Fe, Cu and Zn were measured. Feed consumption was not significantly different among the groups. Significant (p < 0.01) decrease in digestibility of DM and GE and blood glucose concentration was observed with decreased level of WR in the diet. Feeding of WR at 0.06% of BW supplied adequate amount of DE, CP, Ca, P, Fe, Cu and Zn to meet requirement for adult maintenance. Feeding of WR in excess of 0.06% of BW supplied DE in excess of requirement, increased blood glucose concentration which may cause obesity and other associated health problems. It was concluded that the amount of WR should be restricted to 0.06% of BW in the diet of captive Asian elephants.
Effect of root planing on surface topography: an in‐vivo randomized experimental trial
Authors: Rosales‐Leal J. I. , Flores A. B. , Contreras T. , Bravo M. , Cabrerizo‐Vílchez M. A. , Mesa F. 
Published: May 2014

Background and ObjectiveThe root surface topography exerts a major influence on clinical attachment and bacterial recolonization after root planing. In‐vitro topographic studies have yielded variable results, and clinical studies are necessary to compare root surface topography after planing with current ultrasonic devices and with traditional manual instrumentation. The aim of this study was to compare the topography of untreated single‐rooted teeth planed in vivo with a curette, a piezoelectric ultrasonic (PU) scraper or a vertically oscillating ultrasonic (VOU) scraper.Material and MethodsIn a randomized experimental trial of 19 patients, 44 single‐rooted teeth were randomly assigned to one of four groups for: no treatment; manual root planing with a curette; root planing with a PU scraper; or root planing with a VOU scraper. Post‐treatment, the teeth were extracted and their topography was analyzed in 124 observations with white‐light confocal microscopy, measuring the roughness parameters arithmetic average height, root‐mean‐square roughness, maximum height of peaks, maximum depth of valleys, absolute height, skewness and kurtosis.ResultsThe roughness values arithmetic average height and root‐mean‐square roughness were similar after each treatment and lower than after no treatment ( p < 0.05). Absolute height was lower in the VOU group than in the untreated ( p = 0.0026) and PU (p = 0.045) groups. Surface morphology was similar after the three treatments and was less irregular than in the untreated group. Values for the remaining roughness parameters were similar among all treatment groups ( p > 0.05).ConclusionBoth ultrasonic devices reduce the roughness, producing a similar topography to that observed after manual instrumentation with a curette, to which they appear to represent a valid alternative.
Fish as parasites: an insight into evolutionary convergence in adaptations for parasitism
Authors: Leung T. L. F. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFish are the most diverse group of living vertebrates on the planet with 32 000 living species. They have diversified to fill a wide variety of ecological niches. Some species have formed close ecological interactions with other aquatic species that can be best described as symbiotic or even parasitic. Some fish species have evolved different ways to exploit invertebrates, ranging from using their body as a site for depositing their eggs and larvae to actually sheltering inside the invertebrate themselves and feeding on the organs of their host. Other fish species are frequently associated with larger aquatic vertebrates, attaching to them for either phoretic or feeding purposes or both. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of some general patterns in these symbiotic or parasitic relationships, comparing them with more ‘traditional’ parasites and symbionts, and discuss the insight they can offer on both the evolutionary process that leads to parasitism, as well as the evolutionary pathways of fishes as a whole.
Effects of alendronate on the peri‐implant bone in rats
Authors: Oh KC , Moon HS , Lee JH , Park YB , Kim J‐H 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of alendronate on the peri‐implant bone in rat maxillae with the aid of micro‐computed tomographic, histologic, and biochemical analyses.Materials and MethodsThirty‐six male Sprague‐Dawley rats were used. After extraction of the maxillary first molars, each rat was given periodic subcutaneous injections of either alendronate (alendronate group) or saline (control group). Customized implants were placed bilaterally 4 weeks after these injections. The rats were sacrificed at either 4, 8, or 12 weeks after implantation (4‐, 8‐, and 12‐week groups, respectively; n = 6 rats per group). Microcomputed tomographic and histologic analyses were conducted for all rats. Biochemical analyses were performed at four time points for the 12‐week groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the groups on microcomputed tomographic and histologic analyses. All of the measured biochemical parameters tended to decrease over time, with significant differences among some time points within each group. The serum osteocalcin level was significantly lower in the 12‐week alendronate group than in the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThree approaches were utilized in evaluating the effects of alendronate. It appears serum osteocalcin levels may serve as an adjuvant marker for this purpose, although further studies are required to confirm this.
The monophyly of Euparkeriidae (Reptilia: Archosauriformes) and the origins of Archosauria: a revision of Dorosuchus neoetus from the Mid‐Triassic of Russia
Authors: Sookias Roland B. , Sennikov Andrey G. , Gower David J. , Butler Richard J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEuparkeria capensis is resolved as the sister taxon to Archosauria in many cladistic phylogenies and provides a key outgroup which may approximate the ancestral archosaur morphology. Several other taxa have been referred to the family Euparkeriidae, but the monophyly of this taxon remains doubtful and largely untested. To test this monophyly, the archosauriform and putative euparkeriid Dorosuchus neoetus from the Mid‐Triassic of Russia is re‐examined in the light of recent work on the evolution of stem archosaurs. Dorosuchus neoetus is found to possess a number of morphological features that place it close to Archosauria, including a sigmoidal femur with a clear attachment region for the m. caudifemoralis musculature, but no unambiguous archosaurian apomorphies. Dorosuchus neoetus is included for the first time in a numerical cladistic analysis and is recovered as the sole sister taxon to Archosauria + Phytosauria. A monophyletic Euparkeriidae including D. neoetus and E. capensis is slightly less parsimonious. In addition, a mandible and pterygoid that were previously referred to D. neoetus subsequent to the original description of the species are also included separately within the phylogenetic analysis and are recovered within Archosauria, possibly raising questions as to their correct taxonomic referral. However, this phylogenetic placement is based primarily on the absence of palatal teeth, but the presence or absence of palatal teeth exhibits considerable homoplasy within Archosauriformes. Based on other aspects of their morphology, we do not reject the referral of these elements to D. neoetus.
Hepatopulmonary syndrome associated with nodular regenerative hyperplasia after liver transplantation in a child
Authors: Alhosh Rabea , Genyk Yuri , Alexopoulos Sophoclis , Thomas Daniel , Zhou Shengmei , Yanni George , Kerkar Nanda 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHPS is a significant complication of portal hypertension in children with chronic liver disease and is an established indication for LT. It is characterized clinically by the triad of pulmonary vascular dilatation causing hypoxemia in the setting of advanced liver disease. NRH, a cause of non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension, is characterized by diffuse benign transformation of the hepatic parenchyma into small regenerative nodules with minimal or no fibrosis. Development of NRH and HPS in pediatric LT recipients has not been reported, although occasional cases have been reported in adult LT recipients. In this report, we discuss a case of a three‐yr‐old male who developed HPS, two yr after LT. Pulmonary and cardiac causes for hypoxemia were ruled out by appropriate investigations including a chest X ray, echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization, and a CT angiographic study. The diagnosis of HPS was confirmed via bubble echocardiogram that demonstrated intrapulmonary shunting. Open liver biopsy revealed marked NRH. The patient underwent liver retransplantation that resulted in complete reversal of his pulmonary symptoms and normal oxygen saturations within three months after LT.
Asymptotic Permutation Tests in General Factorial Designs
Authors: Pauly Markus , Brunner Edgar , Konietschke Frank 
Published: May 2014

Summary
In general factorial designs where no homoscedasticity or a particular error distribution is assumed, the well-known Wald-type statistic is a simple asymptotically valid procedure. However, it is well known that it suffers from a poor finite sample approximation since the convergence to its χ 2 limit distribution is quite slow. This becomes even worse with an increasing number of factor levels. The aim of the paper is to improve the small sample behaviour of the Wald-type statistic, maintaining its applicability to general settings as crossed or hierarchically nested designs by applying a modified permutation approach. In particular, it is shown that this approach approximates the null distribution of the Wald-type statistic not only under the null hypothesis but also under the alternative yielding an asymptotically valid permutation test which is even finitely exact under exchangeability. Finally, its small sample behaviour is compared with competing procedures in an extensive simulation study.
Molecular structures identified in serologically D– samples of an admixed population
Authors: Trucco Boggione Carolina , Luján Brajovich Melina E. , Tarragó Marcel , Mattaloni Stella M. , Biondi Claudia S. , Muñiz‐Díaz Eduardo , Nogués Núria , Cotorruelo Carlos M. 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundThe D– phenotype is mainly caused by the complete deletion of the RHD gene in Caucasians. However, a plethora of allelic variants have been described among D– individuals from different ethnic groups.Study Design and MethodsA cohort of 1314 routine serologically D– samples from white Argentineans was studied by molecular methods.ResultsAmong the 1314 D– samples, 2.1% showed RHD‐specific amplifications. One hybrid Rhesus box was detected in all D–/RHD+ samples, suggesting a hemizygous status. The RHDΨ was found in 0.7% of rr samples while DEL and null variants were detected in 16.7% of the D– samples expressing C and/or E antigens. The variants associated with the C antigen were seven RHD‐CE‐Ds, two RHD(1‐2)‐CE(2‐9)‐D(10), two previously unreported RHD(329T>C)‐CE(3‐9)‐D null alleles, one RHD(M295I), and one new RHCE(1‐2)‐RHD(3361del11‐10) null allele whereas those associated with the E antigen were five RHD(46T>C) and one novel RHD(581insG) null allele responsible for a premature stop codon.ConclusionsThe prevalence of D–/RHD+ samples is higher than that observed in Europeans. More than 50% of the RHD alleles found were represented by RHDψ and RHD‐CE‐Ds showing the African contribution to the genetic pool of the admixed population analyzed. Interestingly, three new alleles were found, two of them being hybrid structures between previously described RHD variants recombined with RHCE sequences. The knowledge of the RHD allele repertoire in our population allowed the implementation of reliable typing and transfusion strategies for a better management of patients and pregnant women.
Cryptic diversity, diversification and vicariance in two species complexes ofTomocerus(Collembola,Tomoceridae) fromChina
Authors: Zhang Feng , Yu Daoyuan , Luo Yongzheng , Ho Simon Y. W. , Wang Beixing , Zhu Chaodong 
Published: May 2014

Springtails (Collembola) are a group of arthropods that are found in terrestrial ecosystems throughout the world. Two species complexes,Tomocerus ocreatusandT. nigruscomplexes, are widely distributed in the southern and northern parts of easternChina, respectively. There is a poor understanding of the species diversity within these complexes and of the factors affecting their diversification and dispersal. Species delimitation using a general mixedYule coalescent model and aBayesian multilocus approach recognized 22DNA‐based species. This supports the presence of extensive cryptic diversity in species that are geographically widespread. In addition to genetic differences, we discovered corresponding morphological differences in jumping organs among the major clades. Analyses of divergence times and historical biogeographical processes revealed thatocreatusandnigruscomplexes originated in southern and northernChina, respectively. We estimated their divergence at 27.8–44.9 Mya during theEocene–Oligocene, at the time when the transmeridionalQinling–DabieMountains uplifted and formed the north–south geographical boundary of easternChina. Diversification analyses suggest that the subsequent orogenesis of theQinghai–TibetanPlateau in westernChina had little impact on divergences within the two species complexes so that they maintained their geographical patterns from the Paleogene to the present day. Our findings also point to a potentially important influence of theQinling–Dabie Mountains on patterns of animal speciation and distribution inChina.
A weak∗‐topological dichotomy with applications in operator theory
Authors: Kania Tomasz , Koszmider Piotr , Laustsen Niels Jakob 
Published: May 2014

Denote by the locally compact Hausdorff space consisting of all countable ordinals, equipped with the order topology, and let be the Banach space of scalar‐valued, continuous functions which are defined on and vanish eventually. We show that a weak‐compact subset of the dual space of is either uniformly Eberlein compact, or it contains a homeomorphic copy of a particular form of the ordinal interval .This dichotomy yields a unifying approach to most of the existing studies of the Banach space and the Banach algebra of bounded, linear operators acting on it, and it leads to several new results, as well as to stronger versions of known ones. Specifically, we deduce that a Banach space which is a quotient of can either be embedded in a Hilbert‐generated Banach space, or it is isomorphic to the direct sum of and a subspace of a Hilbert‐generated Banach space; and we obtain several equivalent conditions describing the Loy–Willis ideal , which is the unique maximal ideal of , including the following: an operator belongs to if and only if it factors through the Banach space . Among the consequences of these characterizations of is that has a bounded left approximate identity; this resolves a problem left open by Loy and Willis.
Inhibition of Aminoglycoside 6′-
N
-Acetyltransferase Type Ib by Zinc: Reversal of Amikacin Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli by a Zinc Ionophore
Authors: Lin David L. , Tran Tung , Alam Jamal Y. , Herron Steven R. , Ramirez Maria Soledad , Tolmasky Marcelo E. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

In vitro
activity of the aminoglycoside 6′-
N
-acetyltransferase type Ib [AAC(6′)-Ib] was inhibited by ZnCl
2
with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC
50
) of 15 μM. Growth of
Acinetobacter baumannii
or
Escherichia coli
harboring
aac
(
6
′)-
Ib
in cultures containing 8 μg/ml amikacin was significantly inhibited by the addition of 2 μM Zn
2+
in complex with the ionophore pyrithione (ZnPT).
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of AZD5847 in a Mouse Model of Tuberculosis
Authors: Balasubramanian V. , Solapure Suresh , Shandil Radha , Gaonkar Sheshagiri , Mahesh K. N. , Reddy Jitender , Deshpande Abhijeet , Bharath Sowmya , Kumar Naveen , Wright Lindsay , Melnick David , Butler Scott L. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

AZD5847, a novel oxazolidinone with an MIC of 1 μg/ml, exhibits exposure-dependent killing kinetics against extracellular and intracellular
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. Oral administration of AZD5847 to mice infected with
M. tuberculosis
H37Rv in a chronic-infection model resulted in a 1.0-log
10
reduction in the lung CFU count after 4 weeks of treatment at a daily area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 105 to 158 μg · h/ml. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameter that best predicted success in an acute-infection model was an AUC for the free, unbound fraction of the drug/MIC ratio of ≥20. The percentage of time above the MIC in all of the efficacious regimens was 25% or greater.
Molecular Epidemiology of KPC-Producing Escherichia coli: Occurrence of ST131-
fimH30
Subclone Harboring pKpQIL-Like IncFIIk Plasmid
Authors: O'Hara Jessica A. , Hu Fupin , Ahn Chulsoo , Nelson Jeremy , Rivera Jesabel I. , Pasculle Anthony W. , Doi Yohei 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Of 20
Klebsiella pneumoniae
carbapenemase (KPC)-producing
Escherichia coli
isolates identified at hospitals in western Pennsylvania, 60% belonged to the epidemic ST131-
fimH30
subclone. IncFIIk was the most common replicon type for the
bla
KPC
-carrying plasmids (
n
= 8). All IncFIIk plasmids possessed a scaffold similar to that of pKpQIL, and seven of them were borne by ST131-
fimH30
isolates. IncN plasmids conferred resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and IncA/C plasmids conferred resistance to gentamicin. Three
bla
KPC
-carrying plasmids (IncA/C and IncN) possessed
bla
SHV-7/12
and
qnrA1
or
qnrS1
.