bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms Underlying the Relaxant Effect of Galetin 3,6- Dimethyl Ether, from Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke, on Guinea-Pig Trachea
Authors: Macêdo Cibério Landim , Vasconcelos Luiz Henrique César , Correia Ana Carolina de Carvalho , Martins Italo Rossi Roseno , Lira Daysianne Pereira de , Santos Bárbara Viviana de Oliveira , Silva Bagnólia Araújo da 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether (FGAL), a flavonoid from the aerial parts of Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke, was found to exert a relaxant effect on carbachol (CCh)-pre-contracted guinea-pig trachea. Based on cumulative concentration-response curves to CCh, FGAL antagonized muscarinic receptors pseudo-irreversibly and noncompetitively, since it inhibited and shifted these curves towards higher concentrations in a nonparallel manner. In addition, FGAL was more potent in relaxing contractions induced by 18 mM as compared to 60 mM KCl (pD2 = 5:50 ±0:36 and 4.80 ±0.07, respectively), indicating the participation of K+ channels. In the presence of 10 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA+) chloride, a nonselective K+ channel blocker, the relaxant potency of FGAL was reduced (from pD2 = 5:12 ±0:07 to 4.87 ±0.02). Among several selective blockers of K+ channel subtypes, only apamin, an SKCa (small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels) blocker, attenuated the relaxant potency of FGAL (pD2 = 4:85±0:06), suggesting SKCa activation. FGAL was equipotent in relaxing trachea contracted by 60 mM KCl (pD2 =4:80 ±0:07) or 10-6 M CCh (pD2 = 5:02 ±0:07), suggesting CaV (voltage-gated calcium channel), but not ROCs (receptor-operated calcium channels) participation. Furthermore, aminophylline-induced relaxation (pD2 = 4:12 ±0:06) was potentiated around 4-fold (pD2 = 4:80 ±0:44) in the presence of FGAL. Moreover, forskolininduced relaxation (pD2 = 6:51 ±0:06) was potentiated around 2.5-fold (pD2 = 6:90 ±0:05) by FGAL. Conversely, sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation was unaffected, indicating that the AC/cAMP/PKA pathway, but not the NO pathway, may be modulated by the flavonoid. These results suggest that, in guinea-pig trachea, FGAL induces relaxation by pseudo-irreversible noncompetitive antagonism on muscarinic receptors, modulation of K+ and Ca2+ channels, as well as activation of the AC/cAMP/PKA pathway.
A Call to Standardize Preanalytic Data Elements for Biospecimens, Part II
Authors: Robb James A. , Bry Lynn , Sluss Patrick M. , Wagar Elizabeth A. , Kennedy Mary F. ,   for the College of American Pathologists Diagnostic Intelligence and Health Information Technology Biorepository Working Group 2
Published: January 2015

Context
Biospecimens must have appropriate clinical annotation (data) to ensure optimal quality for both patient care and research. Additional clinical preanalytic variables are the focus of this continuing study.

Objective
To complete the identification of the essential preanalytic variables (data fields) that can, and in some instances should, be attached to every collected biospecimen by adding the additional specific variables for clinical chemistry and microbiology to our original 170 variables.

Design
The College of American Pathologists Diagnostic Intelligence and Health Information Technology Committee sponsored a second Biorepository Working Group to complete the list of preanalytic variables for annotating biospecimens. Members of the second Biorepository Working Group are experts in clinical pathology and microbiology. Additional preanalytic area–specific variables were identified and ranked along with definitions and potential negative impacts if the variable is not attached to the biospecimen. The draft manuscript was reviewed by additional national and international stakeholders.

Results
Four additional required preanalytic variables were identified specifically for clinical chemistry and microbiology biospecimens that can be used as a guide for site-specific implementation into patient care and research biorepository processes.

Conclusions
In our collective experience, selecting which of the many preanalytic variables to attach to any specific set of biospecimens used for patient care and/or research is often difficult. The additional ranked list should be of practical benefit when selecting preanalytic variables for a given biospecimen collection.
The Impact of Method on Kidney Graft and Patient Survival in Kidney-Pancreas Transplantations for Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dinckan Ayhan , Aliosmanoglu Ibrahim , Kocak Huseyin , Mesci Ayhan , Altunbas Hasan , Gurkan Alihan 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Patients who develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) associated with Type I Diabetes Mellitus may receive kidney alone (KA) transplantation, simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation, or a pancreas after kidney (PAK) transplantation. The goal of this study is to examine the long-term impact of pancreas transplantation on kidney graft and patient survival rates. A total of 85 transplantation cases, consisting of 30 that received living donor KA, 21 that received SPK, and 34 that received PAK, from 2003–2010 at Akdeniz University Organ Transplantation Institute were retrospectively screened. There was a graft loss in 4 cases from the KA group, and in 1 case from each of the SPK and PAK groups. The five-year kidney graft survival rates were 86.7% in KA, 95.2% in SPK, and 97.1% in PAK. There was a single patient loss in both KA and SPK. The kidney survival percentages were higher in SPK and PAK groups compared to the KA group. Therefore, SPK should be the primary preference in these patients; however, for the cases that have a living donor, pancreas transplantation should be considered after kidney transplantation, or the patients can be followed-up on with close blood sugar control.
Fecoflowmetric Analysis of Anorectal Motor Function in Postoperative Anal-Preserving Surgery Patients With Low Rectal Cancer Comparison With the Wexner Score and Anorectal Manometry
Authors: Ryu Yasuhiko , Akagi Yoshito , Yagi Minoru , Sasatomi Teruo , Kinugasa Tetsushi , Yamaguchi Keizo , Oka Yousuke , Fukahori Suguru , Shiratsuchi Ichitaro , Yoshida Takefumi , Gotanda Yukito , Tanaka Natsuki , Ohchi Takafumi , Romeo Kansakar , Shirouzu Kazuo 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate whether fecoflowmetry (FFM) could evaluate more detailed evacuative function than anorectal manometry by comparing between FFM or anorectal manometric findings and the clinical questionnaires and the types of surgical procedure in the patients who received anal-preserving surgery. Fifty-three patients who underwent anal-preserving surgery for low rectal cancer were enrolled. The relationships between FFM or the manometric findings and the clinical questionnaires and the types of procedure of anal-preserving surgery were evaluated. There were significant differences between FFM markers and the clinical questionnaire and the types of the surgical procedure, whereas no significant relationship was observed between the manometric findings and the clinical questionnaire and the types of the surgical procedure. FFM might be feasible and useful for the objective assessment of evacuative function and may be superior to manometry for patients undergoing anal-preserving surgery.
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor–Producing Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Suzumura Kazuhiro , Iimuro Yuji , Hirano Tadamichi , Asano Yasukane , Kuroda Nobukazu , Okada Toshihiro , Tanaka Shogo , Nakasho Keiji , Fujimoto Jiro 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A 61-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with epigastric pain and fever. The laboratory data showed severe inflammatory reactions. Computed tomography revealed an irregular tumor in the left hepatic lobe and swelling of lymph nodes. 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) showed high uptake by the tumor, with diffuse uptake in the spine. Based on the elevated leukocyte count and FDG-PET findings, the patient was diagnosed with a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-producing tumor (G-CSF, 213 pg/mL). We performed left trisegmentectomy of the liver, bile duct resection, and lymph node dissection. Histologically, the tumor was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with some lymph nodes metastasis. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor cells was positive for G-CSF. Therefore, the tumor was diagnosed as G-CSF–producing cholangiocellular carcinoma. The inflammatory reactions and serum G-CSF level transiently improved immediately after surgery. However, 1 month later, the leukocyte count and serum G-CSF level increased again, and recurrence was observed in the remnant liver. The patient died 3 months after the operation. G-CSF–producing cholangiocellular carcinoma is rare. This tumor progresses rapidly, and surgical treatment for advanced condition should be carefully selected.
Improved Health-Related Quality of Life After Surgical Management of Severe Refractory Constipation-Dominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Lam Jennifer Y. , Kidane Biniam , Manji Farouq , Taylor Brian M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common of the functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Despite its prevalence and health-care costs, there are few effective therapies for patients with severe symptoms. Our objective was to determine whether surgical management would improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in severe refractory constipation-dominant FGIDs. From 2003 to 2005, 6 patients underwent total colectomy with end ileostomy or primary anastomosis. They completed Short Form 36 (SF-36) and IBS-36 questionnaires preoperatively and postoperatively. HRQOL was compared with age- and sex-matched Canadian norms using Welch's unpaired t test. Preoperative SF-36 physical and mental health summary scores were significantly lower than Canadian norms (P &lt; 0.0001), while postoperative scores were not significantly different than Canadian norms (P = 0.50 and P = 0.57, respectively). After surgical management, HRQOL in patients with severe constipation-dominant IBS improved from drastically below that of Canadian norms to a comparable level. This finding questions the convention of avoiding operations in IBS patients and demonstrates that surgical management may be suitable for the appropriately screened patient.
Endometriosis in a Spigelian Hernia Sac: An Unexpected Finding
Authors: Moris Demetrios , Michalinos Adamantios , Vernadakis Spiridon 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Describes the existence of endometrioma in a spigelian hernia sac. Spigelian Hernia is a rare ventral hernia, presenting difficulties in diagnosis and carrying a high incarceration and obstruction risk. Endometriomas occur due to implantation of endometrial cells into a surgical wound, most often after a cesarean delivery. A 37-year-old woman presented to our department with persistent abdominal pain, exacerbating during menses, and vomiting for 2 days. Physical examination revealed a mass-like lesion in the border between the left-upper and left-lower quadrant. Ultrasound examination was inconclusive and a computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed an abdominal wall mass. During surgery, a spigelian hernia was found 5 to 7 cm above a previous cesarean incision. Tissue like “chocolate cysts” was present at the hernia sac. Hernia was repaired while tissue was excised and sent for histological examination that confirmed the diagnosis. Spigelian hernia is a hernia presenting difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. Endometrioma in a spigelian hernia sac is a rare diagnosis, confirmed only histologically. Clinical suspicion can be posed only through symptoms and thorough investigation.
Role of Chemotherapeutic Agents in the Management of Cystic Echinococcosis
Authors: Nazligul Yasar , Kucukazman Metin , Akbulut Sami 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Hydatid disease is caused by infection with the metacestode stage of Echinococcus tapeworms of the family Taeniidae. The primary carriers are dogs and wolves, and humans are accidental hosts that do not contribute to the normal life cycle of this organism. The liver is the most commonly involved organ in the body by cystic echinococcosis (CE) secondary to infection with Echinococcus granulosus. Management options for CE should depend on the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic classification. Small (&lt;5 cm) WHO stage CE1 and CE3a cysts may be primarily treated with benzimidazoles; the first-choice drug is albendazole. In some situations the combination of albendazole and praziquantel may be preferred. Chemotherapy with a benzimidazole or albendazole plus praziquantel is also used as adjunctive treatment to surgery and percutaneous treatment. Drug treatments have been the indispensable therapeutic modalities for cystic echinococcosis.
The Management of Varicose Veins
Authors: Lin Fan , Zhang Shiyi , Sun Yan , Ren Shiyan , Liu Peng 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This study aimed to review the current management modalities for varicose veins. There are a variety of management modalities for varicose veins. The outcomes of the treatment of varicose veins are different. The papers on the management of varicose veins were reviewed and the postoperative complications and efficacy were compared. Foam sclerotherapy and radiofrequency ablation were associated with less pain and faster recovery than endovenous laser ablation and surgical stripping. Patients undergoing endovenous laser ablation and radiofrequency ablation are most likely to have a faster recovery time and earlier return to work in comparison with those undergoing conventional high ligation and stripping. A randomized controlled study in multiple centers is warranted to verify which approach is better than others for the treatment of varicose veins.
A Giant Lymphatic Cyst of the Adrenal Gland: Report of a Rare Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Furihata Makoto , Iida Yuuki , Furihata Tadashi , Ito Eisaku 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLymphatic type of adrenal cysts is most common; however, this type of endothelial cyst is quite rare in excessively large adrenal cysts. A 37-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our institution with distension of her left flank and the upper quadrant of her abdomen. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a cystic lesion with a homogenous anechoic texture, and measuring 21 cm in diameter. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging displayed a giant cystic lesion adjacent to the liver, pancreas, kidney, and spleen. The origin of the cyst was not identified. We were not able to make a preoperative diagnosis; therefore, the patient underwent resection of the mass by open laparotomy for therapeutic diagnosis. Intraoperatively, the mass was identified to be cystic and adhered to the left adrenal gland. It was filled with more than 2000 mL of serous brown-red fluid. The content of the cyst contained no atypical cells on cytological examination. The wall of the cyst was composed of a lining of a single layer of lymphatic vessel–derived cells, and the cyst was pathologically classified as a true cyst. No abdominal symptoms were observed and a postoperative radiological work-up showed no evidence of recurrence during a 6-year follow-up period. We describe a case of a patient with a giant lymphatic cyst of the adrenal gland. The preset data suggest that surgeons should decide treatment strategy for large adrenal cysts in consideration of hormonal function, degree of size, and possibility of malignancy.
Anti-CD27 Antibody Potentiates Antitumor Effect of Dendritic Cell–Based Vaccine in Prostate Cancer–Bearing Mice
Authors: Wei Si-Ming , Fei Jin-Xuan , Tao Feng , Pan Hang-Li , Shen Qing , Wang Li , Wu Yu-Jia , Zhou Li , Zhu Sheng-Xin , Liao Wei-Bin , Ji Hua , Xin Zhao-Liang 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In the current study, we investigated whether anti-CD27 monoclonal antibody can enhance the antitumor efficacy of a dendritic cell–based vaccine in prostate cancer–bearing mice. The overall therapeutic effect of a dendritic cell–based vaccine for prostate cancer remains moderate. A prostate cancer model was established by subcutaneous injection of RM-1 tumor cells into male C57BL/6 mice on day 0. After 4 days, tumor-bearing mice were treated with RM-1 tumor lysate–pulsed dendritic cells (i.e., dendritic cell–based vaccine), anti-CD27 monoclonal antibody, or a combination of RM-1 tumor lysate–pulsed dendritic cells with anti-CD27 monoclonal antibody. Mice were killed at 21 days after tumor cell implantation. Tumor size was measured for assessment of antitumor effect. Spleens were collected for analysis of antitumor immune responses. The antitumor immune responses were evaluated by measuring the proliferation and activity of T cells, which have the ability to kill tumor cells. The combination therapy with RM-1 tumor lysate–pulsed dendritic cells and anti-CD27 antibody significantly enhanced T-cell proliferation and activity, and significantly reduced tumor growth, compared with monotherapy with RM-1 tumor lysate–pulsed dendritic cells or anti-CD27 antibody. Our results suggest that combined treatment can strengthen antitumor efficacy by improving T-cell proliferation and activity.
The Preventive Effect of Dexmedetomidine Against Postoperative Intra-abdominal Adhesions in Rats
Authors: Kuru Serdar , Bozkirli Osman Bahadir , Barlas Aziz Mutlu , Duymus Mehmet Esat , Senes Mehmet , Yumusak Nihat , Yilmaz Cevdet , Kismet Kemal 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the possible preventive effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective and potent α2 adrenergic agonist with sedative, analgesic, anxiolytic, sympatholytic, hemodynamic, and diuretic properties. In recent years, investigations have shown that dexmedetomidine possesses secondary antioxidant and also anti-inflammatory effects. Thirty Wistar albino male rats were randomized and divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each: group 1, sham-operated; group 2, cecal abrasion + peritoneal dissection; group 3, cecal abrasion + peritoneal dissection followed by daily intravenous injection of 10 μg/kg dexmedetomidine for 10 days. The animals were killed on postoperative day 21. Blood and cecal samples were taken for biochemical and histopathologic evaluation. In this study, biochemical and pathologic parameters were significantly better in the cecal abrasion + peritoneal dissection + dexmedetomidine group when compared with the cecal abrasion + peritoneal dissection group. Tissue malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, total sulfhydryl, and catalase were found to be significantly different between the cecal abrasion/peritoneal dissection + dexmedetomidine and the cecal abrasion/peritoneal dissection groups. Plasma malondialdehyde and total sulfhydryl values were also statistically different between these groups (P &lt; 0.05). Statistical analyses of mean pathologic scores showed that the histopathologic damage in the cecal abrasion/peritoneal dissection + dexmedetomidine group was significantly less than the damage in the control group (P &lt; 0.05 for all pathologic parameters). The results of this study show that dexmedetomidine had a significant preventive effect on postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions. We concluded that these effects might be due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Climate‐driven vertical acceleration of Icelandic crust measured by continuous GPS geodesy
Authors: Compton Kathleen , Bennett Richard A. , Hreinsdóttir Sigrún 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEarth's present‐day response to enhanced glacial melting resulting from climate change can be measured using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. We present data from 62 continuously operating GPS instruments in Iceland. Statistically significant upward velocity and accelerations are recorded at 27 GPS stations, predominantly located in the Central Highlands region of Iceland, where present‐day thinning of the Iceland ice caps results in velocities of more than 30 mm/yr and uplift accelerations of 1–2 mm/yr2. We use our acceleration estimates to back calculate to a time of zero velocity, which coincides with the initiation of ice loss in Iceland from ice mass balance calculations and Arctic warming trends. We show, through a simple inversion, a direct relationship between ice mass balance measurements and vertical position and show that accelerated unloading is required to reproduce uplift observations for a simple elastic layer over viscoelastic half‐space model.
Lidar and CTIPe model studies of the fast amplitude growth with altitude of the diurnal temperature “tides” in the Antarctic winter lower thermosphere and dependence on geomagnetic activity
Authors: Fong Weichun , Chu Xinzhao , Lu Xian , Chen Cao , Fuller‐Rowell Timothy J. , Codrescu Mihail , Richmond Arthur D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFour years of lidar observations at McMurdo reveal that the fast amplitude growth with altitude of diurnal temperature tides from 100 to 110 km during Antarctic winters, exceeding that of the freely propagating tides from the lower atmosphere, increases in strength with the Kp magnetic activity index. Simulations with the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics (CTIPe) model reproduce the lidar observations and exhibit concentric ring structures of diurnal amplitudes encircling the south geomagnetic pole and overlapping the auroral zone. These findings point to a magnetospheric source origin. Mechanistic studies using CTIPe show that the adiabatic cooling/heating associated with Hall ion drag is the dominant source of this feature, while Joule heating is a minor contributor due to the counteraction by Joule‐heating‐induced adiabatic cooling. The sum of total dynamical effects and Joule heating explains ~80% of the diurnal amplitudes. Auroral particle heating, lower atmosphere tides, and direct solar heating have minor contributions.
Interplanetary magnetic field dependence of the suprathermal energetic neutral atoms originated in subsolar magnetopause
Authors: Ogasawara K. , Dayeh M. A. , Funsten H. O. , Fuselier S. A. , Livadiotis G. , McComas D. J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractUsing energetic neutral atom (ENA) emission observations of the subsolar magnetopause measured by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX), we study the correlation between the upstream interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions and the spectral index of the source ion population. Our ENA data set includes hour‐averaged ENA measurements at energies between ∼0.5 and ∼6 keV obtained by the IBEX High Energy ENA imager from January 2009 to May 2011. Under the condition of quiet geomagnetic activity (SYM‐H index >−20 nT), we find that the shallower spectra in the suprathermal tail of the ion population of the subsolar magnetopause is weakly correlated (correlation coefficient of −0.30) with the shock angle of the Earth's bow shock, but not correlated with parameters related to magnetic reconnection (i.e., elevation and clock angle of the interplanetary magnetic field orientation). The observed correlation suggests suprathermal ion energization from diffusive shock acceleration and thus that the suprathermal ions in the subsolar magnetopause are of shocked solar wind origin. We also argue that the roles of magnetospheric ion leakage or ion acceleration by magnetic reconnection are reduced in the magnetopause emissions compared to shock acceleration processes.