bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breeding cycle of the red squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda, Muninidae) from deepwater Pacific of Costa Rica
Authors: Hernáez Patricio , Wehrtmann Ingo S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractReproduction and larval development of the red squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon is strongly linked to temperature changes provoked by upwelling along the Chilean coast. Here, we propose the hypothesis that both the breeding cycle and the spatial distribution of egg‐bearing females of P. monodon in Costa Rica are related to decreasing water temperatures during seasonal coastal upwelling. To describe the breeding cycle, squat lobsters were collected between February 2007 and January 2008 from the Central Pacific coast of Costa Rica. The presence of egg‐bearing females in other areas of the Costa Rican coast was studied from samples collected during two latitudinal research cruises (August 2008: rainy season; May 2009: dry season). Our results revealed that P. monodon has a marked seasonal breeding period (from November to March), which is associated with decreasing water surface temperatures registered during coastal upwelling events. All females with embryos close to hatching were found in areas surrounding the Gulf of Nicoya, when upwelling events have been reported. The near absence of egg‐bearing females in zones where upwelling does not occur suggests the existence of a strong correlation between upwelling events and the breeding cycle of P. monodon. Our information should be considered when developing management measures for the sustainable use of this potential fishery resource in the Pacific coast of Central America.
Host specificity shapes population structure of pinworm parasites in Caribbean reptiles
Authors: Falk Bryan G. , Perkins Susan L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHost specificity is one of the potential factors affecting parasite diversification because gene flow may be facilitated or constrained by the number of host species that a parasite can exploit. We test this hypothesis using a costructure approach, comparing two sympatric pinworm parasites that differ in host specificity – Parapharyngodon cubensis and Spauligodon anolis – on the Puerto Rican Bank and St. Croix in the Caribbean. Spauligodon anolis specializes on Anolis lizards, whereas P. cubensis parasitizes Anolis lizards as well as many other species of lizards and snakes. We collected lizards from across the Puerto Rican Bank and St. Croix, sampled them for S. anolis and P. cubensis and generated nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data from the parasites. We used these data to show that P. cubensis is comprised of multiple cryptic species that exhibit limited population structure relative to S. anolis, which is consistent with our prediction based on their host specificity. We also provide evidence that the distribution of P. cubensis species is maintained by competitive exclusion, and in contrast to previous theoretical work, the parasites with the greatest number of host species also reach the highest prevalence rates. Overall, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that host specificity shapes parasite diversification, and suggest that even moderate differences in host specificity may contribute to substantial differences in diversification.
Retracted: Cytokines induce MMP‐3‐regulated proliferation of embryonic stem cell‐derived odontoblast‐like cells
Authors: Ozeki N , Yamaguchi H , Kawai R , Hiyama T , Nakata K , Mogi M , Nakamura H 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesMatrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐3 expression increases after pulpectomy and accelerates angiogenesis in rat dental pulp by an uncharacterised mechanism. Odontoblasts, a major component of dental pulp, could represent a therapeutic target. We investigated whether MMP‐3 activity is induced by cytokines and/or is associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis in embryonic stem cell‐derived odontoblast‐like cells.Materials and MethodsWe used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, an MMP‐3 activity assay, a BrdU‐cell proliferation enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and DNA fragmentation analysis to evaluate siRNA‐mediated downregulation of MMP‐3 expression and activity, and any changes in the proliferative and apoptotic responses associated with this reduced expression.ResultsPro‐inflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐1β, tumour necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ, at relatively low concentrations) induced MMP‐3 mRNA and protein expression, and increased MMP‐3 activity and cell proliferation, but not apoptosis. MMP‐3 silencing produced a potent and significant suppression of cytokine‐induced MMP‐3 expression and activity, decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. These effects were rescued by application of exogenous MMP‐3.ConclusionsOur results suggest that pro‐inflammatory cytokines induce MMP‐3‐regulated cell proliferation and anti‐apoptosis effects in odontoblast‐like cells derived from embryonic stem cells, in addition to their well‐documented destructive role in inflammation.
Origin and evolution of the Pseudorhyncocyonidae, a European Paleogene family of insectivorous placental mammals
Authors: Hooker Jerry J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwo new species of pseudorhyncocyonid, Fordonia lawsoni sp. nov. and Leptictidium prouti sp. nov. from the UK earliest Eocene, described here, are older than any previously recorded member of the family. They are represented by teeth from numerous loci, which allow a better understanding of the sparsely known dentitions of currently known pseudorhyncocyonids. This facilitates the recognition of two further species of Leptictidium, L. listeri sp. nov. from the Middle Eocene of Germany and L. storchi sp. nov. from the Late Eocene of France. Study of occlusal relationships also helps to fill gaps in our knowledge of missing tooth loci. Cladistic analysis of pseudorhyncocyonids with their previously judged closest relatives, the Leptictidae, Pantolesta and Palaeanodonta, shows that two European species, Diaphyodectes prolatus and Palaeictops? levei, formerly thought to be leptictids, are instead primitive pseudorhyncocyonids, extending the range of the family further back in time to the Middle Paleocene. P? levei is placed in the new genus Phakodon gen. nov. The analysis also shows that the Pseudorhyncocyonidae are sister group to the other three groups combined and that family‐level differentiation in this probable clade took place as early as the earliest Paleocene.
Unexpected MH deaths without exposure to inhalation anesthetics in pediatric patients
Authors: Brandom Barbara W. , Muldoon Sheila M. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryChildren, later found to have ryanodine receptor type one variants (RYR1), died without exposure to inhalation anesthetics. Family members with the same RYR1 variants had contracture tests consistent with susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia or in vitro testing showed increased sensitivity to RYR1 agonist.
Estimation of Daily Ultraviolet Radiation in Beijing Using a Semiempirical Method
Authors: Zhang Xinghua , Hu Bo , Wang Yuesi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study proposes a semiempirical method to reconstruct daily ultraviolet (UV) radiation from global solar (G) radiation measurements using a radiative transfer model. The attenuation ratio and cloud modification factors are calculated based on measured and simulated data under cloudless‐sky conditions. A reconstruction method ofUVradiation is established using cloud modification factors; based on comparisons among reconstructions and measurements, the reconstruction model is demonstrated to offer high resolution. The bias errors for daily measured and reconstructedUVradiation are maintained within ±20%, the mean absolute bias error (mabe) is 7.7% and the root mean square error (rmse) is 9.7%. Furthermore, the model performance and transferability were tested by comparison with a simple empirical model in Beijing, Eerduosi and Hailun. A comparison of the measured and estimatedUVvalues for the two methods in the aforementioned three locations revealed that smaller mabe and rmse were observed in our method, with both of these values in the three locations being less than 14%. Thus, a better applicability and transferability has been confirmed. The results and analysis should contribute to improving the knowledge about actualUVclimate characteristics.
Doping of TiO2–GO and TiO2–rGO with Noble Metals: Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Performance for Azo Dye Discoloration
Authors: Štengl Václav , Henych Jiří , Vomáčka Petr , Slušná Michaela 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe nanocomposites of titania coupled with graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), respectively, were prepared by homogeneous hydrolysis with urea. Graphene was obtained by effect of high‐intensity cavitation field on natural graphite in the presence of strong aprotic solvents in pressurized ultrasonic reactor. The morphology of TiO2–GO and TiO2–rGO composites was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The nitrogen adsorption–desorption was used for determination of surface area (BET) and porosity. Raman and IR spectroscopy were used for qualitative analysis and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was employed to estimate band‐gap energies. Further enhancement of the photocatalytic activity was attained by codoping of composites with noble metals—Au, Pd and Pt. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2–GO and TiO2–rGO were assessed by photocatalytic decomposition of Orange II dye in an aqueous slurry under UV and visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of noble metals codoped samples was determined with decomposition of Reactive Black 5 azo dye.
Causes and consequences of intra‐ and inter‐host heterogeneity in defence against nematodes
Authors: Hayward A. D. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryDespite strong natural and artificial selection for increased resistance to nematode parasites, there is considerable heterogeneity between hosts in human, livestock and wildlife populations, with a minority of hosts carrying the majority of parasites. In addition, levels of defence may vary across the lifespan of individuals due to changes in their physiological state and infection history. Such variation influences nematode transmission dynamics and the evolution of parasite life‐history strategies. Therefore, identifying sources of between‐ and within‐individual variation in resistance and predicting their consequences is crucial for understanding the epidemiology of nematode parasitic diseases. In this review, several key sources of variation are identified, using examples from mouse models, immuno‐epidemiological studies of human populations and observational and experimental studies of wildlife and livestock. The mutual applicability of approaches used across these study systems is emphasized, with the assertion that the concerted efforts of researchers from a range of disciplines will enable us to better understand the proximate and ultimate causes of variation in defence against nematode parasites. This will facilitate predictions of the epidemiological and evolutionary consequences of this variation, with the potential to improve disease treatment and management.
“Womb for Rent”: International Service Trade Employing Assisted Reproduction Technologies (ARTs)
Authors: Pelzman Joseph 
Published: July 2013

AbstractInfertility affects approximately 2–3 million married couples in the USA and a larger cohort of unmarried men and women. For those not inclined to adopt, science has provided another option, one based on assisted reproduction through artificial insemination, commonly known as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Under this framework a woman, designated as a “surrogate”, bears a baby on behalf of the intended parents with the objective of relinquishing her rights to the child after birth. The subcontract for the services of a “surrogate” or more specifically for the use of her “womb” can be viewed as part of the literature on outsourcing of production by a vertically integrated family. The lack of universal enforcement of “surrogacy” contracts in the USA creates a demand for outsourcing of surrogacy services. One beneficiary of this uncertainty in enforcement is India which provides gestational services to intended international parents.
Trade, Skill Biased Technical Change and Wage Inequality in South Africa
Authors: Rattsø Jørn , Stokke Hildegunn E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTrade openness influences the wage structure via technology adoption in middle income countries. Given the econometric challenges of handling endogenous trade and technology interaction, we offer an alternative quantification based on calibration of a general equilibrium model. We expand the standard open economy Ramsey model to include comparative advantage, technology adoption and skill bias influenced by investment decisions. The calibration constructs a reference path for South Africa and allows counterfactual analysis of trade openness. The quantitative results imply that trade effects via technology adoption and skill bias can be an important determinant of wage inequality in middle income countries.
Thermal Effects During Tensile Deformation of Ti‐6Al‐4V at Different Strain Rates
Authors: Galán J. , Verleysen P. , Degrieck J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAn in‐depth analysis of the effect of heat generated by plastic work on the observed tensile behaviour of Ti­6Al­4V at different strain rates is presented. Special emphasis is put on the transition from isothermal to adiabatic conditions and how this transition is affected by several process parameters such as material properties, environmental conditions and sample geometry. Experiments are performed in isothermal conditions at moderate temperatures, from −10 to 70 °C, as well as at strain rates from quasi‐static speeds to more than 1000 s−1 using a split Hopkinson tensile bar setup. This experimental data is used in conjunction with numerical simulations to determine the evolution of temperature during the experiments and the temperature and strain rate sensitivity of the material, as well as the Taylor–Quinney coefficient. Finally, a full model of the material behaviour is presented and used to define clear limits for adiabatic and isothermal conditions.
La santé des pasteurs mobiles auSahel – Bilan de 15 années de recherches et développement
Authors: Montavon A. , Jean‐Richard V. , Bechir M. , Daugla D. M. , Abdoulaye M. , Bongo Naré R. N. , Diguimbaye‐Djaibé C. , Alfaroukh I. O. , Schelling E. , Wyss K. , Tanner M. , Zinsstag J. 
Published: July 2013

RésuméDans leSahel, entre laMauritanie et laSomalie incluant leNordKenya, environ 20 à 30 millions de personnes vivent en transhumance. Le rythme de leur migration suit l’évolution saisonnière du climat et la disponibilité des ressources, telle que l'eau, le pâturage et le sel. Malgré une exposition élevée à certaines maladies comme les zoonoses et les problèmes conditionnés liés au climat, les pasteurs mobiles sont parmi les populations quasiment exclues du système de santé, car la mise à disposition des services sociaux adaptés à un mode de vie mobile est difficile. Suivant l'objectif de recherche d'un meilleur accès aux soins des pasteurs mobiles, l'InstitutTropical et deSantéPubliqueSuisse, en partenariat avec plusieurs institutions dans la région, est actif au Sahel depuis 15 ans, aussi bien dans le domaine de la recherche, que celui des actions de développement. Basées sur une approche orientée vers les besoins des pasteurs mobiles pour leur développement, des recherches interdisciplinaires ont contribué à mieux comprendre la situation et les problèmes des éleveurs. En relation de la proximité entre l'homme et son bétail, une approche unissant la santé humaine et animale s'est avérée bonne et la valeur ajoutée d'une meilleure collaboration entre médecine humaine, animale et l'environnement a été démontrée. Ces approches utiles devraient être poursuivies et consolidées dans les recherches et le développement des actions futurs.
Anaphylaxis in dogs and cats
Authors: Shmuel Daniella L. , Cortes Yonaira 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo review and summarize current information regarding the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations associated with anaphylaxis in dogs and cats. The etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis is discussed.EtiologyAnaphylaxis is a systemic, type I hypersensitivity reaction that often has fatal consequences. Many of the principal clinical manifestations involve organs where mast cell concentrations are highest: the skin, the lungs, and the gastrointestinal tract. Histamine and other deleterious inflammatory mediators promote vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction; they are readily released from sensitized mast cells and basophils challenged with antigen. Anaphylaxis may be triggered by a variety of antigens including insect and reptile venom, a variety of drugs, vaccines, and food.DiagnosisAnaphylaxis is a clinical diagnosis made from a collection of signs and symptoms. It is most commonly based on pattern recognition. Differential diagnoses include severe asthma, pheocromocytoma, and mastocytosis.TherapyEpinephrine is considered the drug of choice for the treatment of anaphylaxis. It acts primarily as a vasopressor in improving hemodynamic recovery. Adjunctive treatments include fluid therapy, H1and H2antihistamines, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators; however, these do not substitute for epinephrine.PrognosisPrognosis depends on the severity of the clinical signs. The clinical signs will vary among species and route of exposure. The most severe clinical reactions are associated when the antigen is administered parenterally.
Mechanical ventilation in a dog with acetylcholinesterase inhibitor toxicosis
Authors: Tse Yuki C. , Sharp Claire R. , Evans Timothy 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo describe a case of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) toxicosis with ventilatory failure that was successfully treated with mechanical ventilation (MV).Key FindingsA 7‐year‐old, female spayed German Short‐haired Pointer, presented with acute onset ptyalism, generalized muscle tremors, and diarrhea. Physical examination findings included evidence of muscarinic overstimulation in the parasympathetic nervous system (eg, diarrhea, ptyalism, lacrimation), and nicotinic overstimulation in the sympathetic nervous system (tachycardia), central nervous system (agitation), and the neuromuscular junction (eg, diffuse muscle fasciculations, tetraparesis). Point‐of‐care testing demonstrated hyperlactatemic metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis (hypoventilation). Hypoventilation progressed to respiratory failure and the dog lost its gag reflex necessitating emergency endotracheal intubation and MV. Additional treatments included atropine, parenteral antimicrobials (for aspiration pneumonia), pralidoxime, and supportive care. Weaning from the ventilator was achieved in 4 days. The dog was administered supplemental oxygen for 24 hours, and discharged 48 hours later with improved neurologic function and normal respiratory drive. Whole blood acetylcholinesterase activities measured on day 0, 2, and 4 and were consistent with AChEI toxicity.New or Unique Information ProvidedSpecific AChEI toxicity (ie, carbamate and organophosphate) has been reported in the veterinary literature with good prognosis for survival and hospital discharge. While the existing veterinary literature suggests that ventilatory failure is rare in this disease syndrome, consideration for treatment with MV must be made for patients that develop respiratory failure (associated with hypoventilation, bronchoconstriction, bronchorrhea, or aspiration pneumonia).
Adjunctive therapy with intravenous lipid emulsion and methocarbamol for permethrin toxicity in 2 cats
Authors: Kuo Kendon , Odunayo Adesola 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the use of an intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) as an adjunctive therapy in 2 cats with permethrin toxicity.Case Series SummaryTwo cats that presented with severe permethrin toxicity were treated withILEas part of their treatment regimens. Both cats improved dramatically following therapy with decontamination,ILE, methocarbamol, and supportive care.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first reported use ofILEas an adjunctive treatment for cats with permethrin toxicity. Outcome was favorable in both cats and no adverse effects were noted from theILE.
Can the riparian invader, Arundo donax, benefit from clonal integration?
Authors: Kui L , Li F , Moore G , West J 
Published: July 2013

SummaryResource sharing through rhizomes of clonal plants supplements locally available nutrients to enhance recruitment and growth in resource‐limited environments. We investigated whether Arundo donax, an invasive clonal plant, can benefit from clonal integration. Sharing resources between ramets can facilitate resprouting from mowing, fire and herbicide treatments, but it is unknown whether clonal integration contributes to A. donax invasion success. Our first objective was to determine whether A. donax rhizomes transported water between ramets. Hydrogen isotopic–enriched water was applied on three 1 m diameter areas, and rhizome and soil samples were collected beyond the watering zone after 5, 24 and 48 h of the last watering. Logistic modelling indicated that water was able to move laterally at least 3.5 m. The second objective was to determine whether clonal integration enhanced growth and survival of A. donax ramets. We compared growth‐related responses in paired 1 m2 plots with severed and intact rhizomes. In the first 19 days, rhizome severing nearly doubled ramet density, while by 77 days, the intact rhizomes produced 67% taller stems with 49% greater diameter and showed higher survival rate after flooding. This study provides initial evidence that physiological integration could be an important mechanism in A. donax, which can enhance its competitive abilities, accelerate rates of encroachment and strengthen its capability to recolonise disturbed areas. Our results highlight an important consideration of clonal invasive species in weed management.