bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcome of liver transplantation in HCV/HIV coinfected haemophilia patients
Authors: Marquardt N. , Horneff S. , Balta Z. , Strassburg C. P. , Oldenburg J. , Goldmann G. , Zeitler H. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe outcome and clinical features during long term follow-up of 10 haemophilia patients (haemophilia A n = 9, haemophilia B n = 1), who underwent successful orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) due to hepatitis associated liver disease, are summarised.Eight patients were HIV/HCV co-infected. Despite severe postoperative complications, which were not bleeding-associated, all patients survived OLT.Long-term survival was 70% after in mean 8 years follow- up. Twelve years after OLT one patient developed a cyclosporine-induced nephropathy requiring haemodialysis. HIV-HAART was initiated in all patients after OLT, and allowed a successful HCV treatment in 6 patients. Factor VIII production was sufficient in mean 72 h after OLT and remained stable at subnormal to normal FVIII levels of in median 30% (range 14–96%) also during long-term follow-up. Post-OLT spontaneous bleeding events were rare compared to pre-OLT, therefore, the performance status improved in all patients.OLT substitutes the hepatic FVIII but has no effect on the extrahepatic endothelial FVIII production, suggesting that in case of severe tissue injury enhanced bleeding might occur. Additionally, after OLT there is no acute phase reaction of the FVIII protein. Therefore, our OLT patients received in case of a reduced FVIII activity a peri-interventional prophylactic short-term FVIII substitution in surgical and diagnostic interventions with high bleeding risk.Bleeding and wound healing disturbances were not seen.
First and Second-Phase Transitions of Gases at Isobaric Process; Lennard–Jones (9,6) Gases with a Hard Core
Authors: Matsumoto Akira 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The thermodynamic functions for Lennard-Jones (9,6) gases with a hard core that are evaluated till the third virial coefficients, are investigated at an isobaric process. Some thermodynamic functions are analytically expressed as functions of intensive variables, temperature, and pressure. Some thermodynamic quantities for carbon dioxide are calculated numerically and drawn graphically. In critical states, the heat capacity diverges to infinity at the critical point while the Gibbs free energy, volume, enthalpy, and entropy are continuous at the critical point. In the coexistence of two phases, the boiling temperatures and the enthalpy changes of vaporization are obtained by numerical calculations for 20 substances. The Gibbs free energy indicates a polygonal line; entropy, volume, and enthalpy jump from the liquid to gaseous phase at the boiling point. The heat capacity does not diverge to infinity but shows a finite discrepancy at boiling point. This suggests that a first-order phase transition at the boiling point and a second-order phase transition may occur at the critical point.
Kinetics of the Elementary Act of Electrochemical Reactions at the Semiconductor–Electrolyte Solution Interface
Authors: Kovalenko Sergii , Soloviev Veniamin 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In the framework of the quantum-mechanical theory of elementary act of non-adiabatic electrochemical reactions, it is carried out the calculation of the discharge current of ions at the semiconductor-electrolyte solution interface using the model of isotropic spherically symmetric band. It is shown that our results generalize the well-known formulae for the current density obtained by Dogonadze, Kuznetsov, and Chizmadzhev [R. R. Dogonadze, A. M. Kuznetsov, and Yu. A. Chizmadzhev, The kinetics of some heterogeneous reactions at semiconductor-electrolyte interface, Zhur. Fiz. Khim. 38, 1195 (1964)]. The average densities of states in the valence band and the conduction band of the semiconductor electrode in the heterogeneous charge transfer are found.
Three New Di-O-glycosyl-C-glucosyl Flavones from the Leaves of Caesalpinia ferrea Mart.
Authors: Nawwar Mahmoud , El-Mousallami Amani , Hussein Sahar , Hashem Amani , Mousa Mona , Lindequist Ulrike , Linscheid Michael 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Three hitherto unknown di-O-xylosyl-C-glycosyl flavones were isolated from the leaves of Caesalpinia ferrea. The structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated by conventional methods and spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, as well as by HRESIMS.
The History and Use of Human Hepatocytes for the Treatment of Liver Diseases: The First 100 Patients
Authors: Hansel Marc C. , Gramignoli Roberto , Skvorak Kristen J. , Dorko Kenneth , Marongiu Fabio , Blake William , Davila Julio , Strom Stephen C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOrthotopic liver transplantation remains the only curative treatment for many end‐stage liver diseases, yet the number of patients receiving liver transplants remains limited by the number of organs available for transplant. There is a need for alternative therapies for liver diseases. The transplantation of isolated hepatocytes (liver cells) has been used as an experimental therapy for liver disease in a limited number of cases. Recently, the 100th case of hepatocyte transplantation was reported. This review discusses the history of the hepatocyte transplant field, the major discoveries that supported and enabled the first hepatocyte transplants, and reviews the cases and outcomes of the first 100 clinical transplants. Some of the problems that limit the application or efficacy of hepatocyte transplantation are discussed, as are possible solutions to these problems. In conclusion, hepatocyte transplants have proven effective particularly in cases of metabolic liver disease where reversal or amelioration of the characteristic symptoms of the disease is easily quantified. However, no patients have been completely corrected of a metabolic liver disease for a significant amount of time by hepatocyte transplantation alone. It is likely that future developments in new sources of cells for transplantation will be required before this cellular therapy can be fully implemented and available for large numbers of patients. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the role of plant volatiles in anthropogenic global climate change
Authors: Unger Nadine 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBiogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from terrestrial ecosystems undergo rapid oxidation in the atmosphere that affects multiple warming and cooling climate pollutants. Since the preindustrial, BVOC‐chemistry‐climate interactions have been strongly influenced by anthropogenic changes in land cover, pollution emissions, and the physical climate state. Here, an Earth system model is applied to quantify the effects of BVOC emissions on the global radiation balance in the 1850s and 2000s including changes to tropospheric ozone, methane, and direct aerosol‐radiation interactions. The net chemical forcing of global climate due to all known anthropogenic influences on BVOC emissions is −0.17 Wm−2 (cooling) that offsets the +0.10 Wm−2 (warming) due to anthropogenic VOC emissions from fossil fuel use and industry for this time period. BVOC emissions need to be included in assessments of anthropogenic radiative forcing.
Midterm periods of solar filaments
Authors: Zou Peng , Li Qixiu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOn the basis of the Carte Synoptique catalogue of solar filaments from March 1919 to December 1989, we measure power spectra of detrended full‐disk (FSFNs, latitudinal bands: 0∘–90∘), low‐latitude (LSFNs, latitudinal bands: <50∘), and high‐latitude (HSFNs, latitudinal bands: ≥50∘) solar filament numbers by Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) and Continuous wavelet transform to detect midterm periods. It is found as the following: (1) FSFNs and LSFNs have the same midterm periodicity, while HSFNs show a different midrange periodicity. Some periods frequently mentioned in other solar indices are also detected from the solar filament numbers, such as 2–3 year period (quasi‐biennial oscillation—QBO), ∼1.7 year, ∼1.3 year, ∼1 year, 150–157 day period (Rieger period), and 6.0–6.4 months (Rieger‐type period). These periods are intermittent during considered time span. Some of them are missing in some solar cycles. (2) QBO is detected from total data and most solar cycles of FSFNs, LSFNs, and HSFNs. It may be related to oscillation of magnetic field of solar surface. (3) Approximately 1.3 year period occasionally appears, but ∼1.7 year period is hardly seen. These two periods probably are seasonal effects. (4) Approximately 1 year period is detected from both total data and every solar cycle of FSFNs and LSFNs but hardly detected from HSFNs. It is perhaps connected with sunspot activity. (5) Rieger period of 5.0–5.2 months is detected in total data and even solar cycles of HSFNs. Rieger‐type period of 6.0–6.4 months is found in total data and most solar cycles, except cycle 18 of LSFNs and FSFNs. These periods seem to be subharmonics of ∼11 year period.
Observation of the neutral‐ion coupling through 6 day planetary wave
Authors: Gu Sheng‐Yang , Liu Han‐Li , Li Tao , Dou Xiankang , Wu Qian , Russell James M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA westward 6 day oscillation with zonal wave number 1 is identified in the global maps of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) during May 2003. This signature coincides with the wave activities in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region with a similar zonal structure and period, deduced from the temperature and wind observations from the Thermosphere Ionosphere and Mesosphere Electric Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. The vertical wavelength of this 6 day wave is estimated to be ~65 km, which enables it to propagate up into the lower thermosphere and therefore modulate the ionosphere through E region wind dynamo. The zonal wind perturbations of the 6 day wave maximize in the equatorial region with an amplitude of ~30 m/s and the meridional wind perturbations peak at middle latitudes with an amplitude of 15–20 m/s. The 6 day oscillation in TEC peaks at the geomagnetic equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests in both hemispheres with a deep minimum at the equator. The absolute TEC perturbations maximize at ~1400–1800 LT with an amplitude of ~9 (~7) total electron content unit (TECU; 1 TECU = 1016 m−2) in the southern (northern) hemisphere, which account for ~16% (~10%) of the background TEC. Larger relative TEC perturbations of ~20% are found at 0200–0400 LT. The similar wave number‐period spectra and the consistent temporal variations of the 6 day periodical signatures in both neutral atmosphere and ionosphere suggest a strong neutral‐ion coupling through planetary wave.
Survey of Saturn auroral storms observed by the Hubble Space Telescope: Implications for storm time scales
Authors: Meredith C. J. , Cowley S. W. H. , Nichols J. D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe examine the ultraviolet images of Saturn obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) between 1997 and 2013 for the presence of auroral storm signatures, consisting of 2060 individual images over 74.4 h of exposure time. We find 12 storm intervals in these data, identified by bright high‐latitude auroras spanning the dawn sector, which previous studies have shown are excited by strong magnetospheric compressions by the solar wind. While most of these events have previously been discussed individually, here we consider what may be deduced about the lifetime of storms, yet unobserved directly for a given event, by examining the ensemble. Specifically, we examine the presence or absence of storm signatures in successive HST observing “visits” separated by varying intervals of time. We show that the observations are consistent with a typical lifetime of ~1.5 Saturn rotations (~16 h), within a likely range between ~1 and ~2 rotations. We suggest that this time scale and the storm evolution morphology relate to the time for hot plasma subcorotation around the planet, following injection postmidnight after a major burst of tail reconnection excited by the solar wind compression. From the overall observed ~12% occurrence frequency of storm signatures, we further infer an averaged storm recurrence time of ~5.5 days (~4‐7 days), although this averaged value could be shortened by the occurrence of successive storm activations within few‐day disturbed solar wind intervals as observed directly in two cases.
Approximate forms of daytime ionospheric conductance
Authors: Ieda A. , Oyama S. , Vanhamäki H. , Fujii R. , Nakamizo A. , Amm O. , Hori T. , Takeda M. , Ueno G. , Yoshikawa A. , Redmon R. J. , Denig W. F. , Kamide Y. , Nishitani N. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe solar zenith angle (SZA) dependence of the conductance is studied and a simple theoretical form for the Hall‐to‐Pedersen conductance ratio is developed, using the peak plasma production height. The European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) radar observations at Tromsø (67 MLAT) on 30 March 2012 were used to calculate the conductance. The daytime electric conductance is associated with plasma created by solar extreme ultraviolet radiation incident on the neutral atmosphere of the Earth. However, it has been uncertain whether previous conductance models are consistent with the ideal Chapman theory for such plasma productions. We found that the SZA dependence of the conductance is consistent with the Chapman theory after simple modifications. The Pedersen conductance can be understood by approximating the plasma density height profile as being flat in the topside E region and by taking into account the upward gradient of atmospheric temperature. An additional consideration is necessary for the Hall conductance, which decreases with increasing SZA more rapidly than the Pedersen conductance. This rapid decrease is presumably caused by a thinning of the Hall conductivity layer from noon toward nighttime. We expressed this thinning in terms of the peak production height in the Chapman theory.
A new method for analysis of variance of the hydraulic and reactive attributes of aquifers as linked to hierarchical and multiscaled sedimentary architecture
Authors: Soltanian Mohamad Reza , Ritzi Robert W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis technical note presents a useful methodology for studying how the variance of hydraulic and/or reactive attributes of an aquifer are linked to the multiscaled and hierarchical sedimentary architecture of the aquifer. A new recursive equation is derived which quantitatively describes how the variance is related to sedimentary facies defined at all scales across an entire stratal hierarchy. As compared to prior published equations that emphasize differences in means among facies populations within a hierarchical level, it emphasizes differences across levels. Because of the hierarchical relationships among the terms of the equation, we find it to be useful for conducting a holistic analysis of the relative contributions to the variance arising from all facies types defined across all scales. The methodology is demonstrated using appropriate field data, and is shown to be useful in defining parsimonious classification systems.
Predation (Including Parasites and Disease) and Herbivory
Authors: Hartvigsen Gregg 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOrganisms are usually both enemies and victims of ecological interactions. Even individuals within ‘top predator’ species often suffer from cannibalism (an ecological ‘self‐loop’), parasites, or disease agents. Predators capture, kill and consume their victims. Parasites either live on or within a victim and may kill their host directly or, more typically, reduce the host's growth, survival and/or reproductive potential. Parasitoids function like predators but the act of killing the host is done by offspring which, generally, hatch from an egg on or near a host and then enter the victim and consumes it from inside. Disease agents vary in their effects on victims from hardly noticeable to causing death. Finally, herbivory is that act of an animal consuming part, or the entirety, of a plant. The effect of herbivory on plants may be unquantifiable to resulting in the death of the plant.Key Concepts:Predators capture, kill and consume their prey.Parasitoids lay eggs on or near victims. These eggs hatch and the larvae enter and consume their victims from within.Parasites live on or within their victims and usually reduce the victim's ability to grow, survive and/or reproduce.Disease agents generally reduce victim growth, survival and/or reproductive rates.Herbivory is the act by an animal of consuming plant material which may reduce plant growth, survival and/or reproductive success.Researchers continue to debate the relative importance of top‐down effects from enemies on victims and the effects of bottom‐up effects of resources in population dynamics.Mathematical and computer models can help us to understand and predict these complex species interactions.
Assisted Tandem Palladium(II)/Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed C‐ and N‐Arylations of Quinoxalin‐2(1 H)‐ones in Water
Authors: Carrër Amandine , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouad , Messaoudi Samir 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA straightforward assisted tandem palladium(II)‐ and palladium(0)‐catalyzed direct C‐3 and N‐4 arylation of quinoxalin‐2(1 H)‐ones with boronic acids and aryl halides in water as safe and cheap solvent is reported. This environmentally friendly catalytic protocol is compatible with a wide range of functional groups and allows construction of various biologically important quinoxalin‐2(1 H)‐one backbones.magnified image
Synergistic Steric Effects in the Development of a Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkyne Carbohalogenation: Stereodivergent Synthesis of Vinyl Halides
Authors: Le Christine M. , Menzies Perry J. C. , Petrone David A. , Lautens Mark 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe report our finding that by exploiting the synergistic steric effects between substrate and catalyst, an intramolecular Pd‐catalyzed alkyne carbohalogenation can be achieved. This operationally simple method uses the bulky Pd/Q‐Phos combination and allows access to tetrasubstituted vinyl halides from the corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides. Steric effects in the substrate play a key role by promoting C‐halogen reductive elimination and enabling catalytic turnover. Through a reversible oxidative addition mechanism, a thermodynamically driven isomerization reaction is observed at elevated temperatures. Thus by changing the reaction temperature, both stereoisomers of the reaction become readily accessible.
Synthesis and Characterization of 2‐Pyridylsulfur Pentafluorides
Authors: Kanishchev Oleksandr S. , Dolbier William R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCurrent approaches to prepare SF5‐substituted heterocycles during the synthesis of targeted heterocyclic compounds require the use of SF5‐functionalized aryl or alkyne reagents or SF5Cl as a source of the SF5 functional group. Herein we report that excess oxidative fluorination of 2,2′‐dipyridyl disulfide with a KF/Cl2/MeCN system leads to the formation of thirteen new 2‐pyridylsulfur chlorotetrafluorides (2‐SF4Cl‐pyridines). These molecules are found to undergo further chlorine–fluorine exchange reactions by treatment with silver(I) fluoride enabling ready access to a series of ten new substituted 2‐pyridylsulfur pentafluorides (2‐SF5‐pyridines). This is the first preparatively simple and readily scalable example of the transformation of an existing heterocyclic sulfur functionality to prepare SF5‐substituted heterocycles.
Aptamer CaCO3 Nanostructures: A Facile, pH‐Responsive, Specific Platform for Targeted Anticancer Theranostics
Authors: Zhou Cuisong , Chen Tao , Wu Cuichen , Zhu Guizhi , Qiu Liping , Cui Cheng , Hou Weijia , Tan Weihong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe application of cancer theranostics depends on the development of multifunctional nanostructured platforms for accurate cell targeting and controlled drug release, imaging, and therapy. Herein, a comprehensive, easily fabricated anticancer theranostic platform with a high drug‐loading capacity, termed an aptamer‐functionalized calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanostructure (apt‐CCN), is reported. Flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy studies demonstrate that apt‐CCNs can specifically bind to target cancer cells, but not to control cells, and that they possess highly efficient internalization to target cancer cells. This smart nanostructure selectively reaches the lysosomes through receptor‐mediated endocytosis and is responsive to the relatively low lysosome pH (4.5–5.5), which facilitates the release of doxorubicin. The apt‐CCN platform offers targeted and efficient drug transport, as well as target‐specific delivery of imaging agents for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Lyapunov Design of Multivariable MRAC via Generalized Passivation
Authors: Hsu Liu , Minhoto Teixeira Marcelo Carvalho , Costa Ramon Romankevicius , Assunção Edvaldo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA Lyapunov design of multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) model‐reference adaptive control (MRAC) systems is proposed using new generalized passivity concepts based on WSPR and WASPR properties. The new design avoids control overparameterization and leads to the simplest unnormalized gradient algorithm by means of a passivating multiplier. To this end, a necessary and sufficient condition on the high frequency gain matrix to achieve the WASPR property is established. This condition is referred to as Positive Diagonal Jordan (PDJ) form. Based on the robustness WSPR and WASPR properties, a systematic determination of a robust passivating matrix multiplier is then presented. The advantages of the new design are illustrated by numerical simulation including a robotics adaptive visual servoing problem and a 4‐input‐4‐output dynamic system. © 2014 Chinese Automatic Control Society and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
New radial velocities for 30 candidate runaway stars and a possible binary supernova origin for HIP 9470 and PSR J0152–1637
Authors: Tetzlaff N. , Torres G. , Bieryla A. , Neuhäuser R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe report new radial velocity measurements for 30 candidate runaway stars. We revise their age estimates and compute their past trajectories in the Galaxy in order to determine their birthplaces. We find that seven of the stars could be younger than ∼100 Myr, and for five of them we identify multiple young clusters and associations in which they may have formed. For the youngest star in the sample, HIP 9470, we suggest a possible ejection scenario in a supernova event, and also that it may be associated with the young pulsar PSR J0152–1637. Our spectroscopic observations reveal seven of the stars in the sample of 30 to be previously unknown spectroscopic binaries. Orbital solutions for four of them are reported here as well. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)