bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The weight management practices and support needs of young adults living with excess weight in the UK and Australia: A mixed methods cross-sectional study using data from the YOUTH cohort
Authors: Evans Tamla S. , Marwood Jordan , Kolokotroni Katerina Z , Fozard Therese , Whatnall Megan , Burrows Tracy , Ells Louisa J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Young adulthood is a critical period where there is an increased weight gain trajectory. Understanding the weight management support needs of young adults with excess weight is essential to enable the delivery of appropriate and tailored services and prevent the development of comorbidities. This study sought to determine the current health service usage, weight management practices and support needs, in young adults with excess weight.
Methods
A mixed-methods convergent parallel design was employed. A cohort of community-dwelling young adults (18–35 years), with excess weight (BMI ≥ 25), residing in the UK and Australia participated in an online, longitudinal survey. Cross-sectional data was analysed descriptively, including quantitative measures of health service usage and weight management practices. Responses to an open-ended question asking what support participants would find most helpful were analysed using Thematic Template Analysis. Convergence and divergence across sociodemographic characteristics were explored.
Results
The sample (n = 410) included 204 women, 201 men and five non-binary people with a mean age of 28.3 and BMI of 35.8. Most participants reported a white ethnicity (80%) and resided in the UK (83%). Half reported a below median gross household income (49%). Most (73%) reported currently trying to manage their weight and 63% were using commercial weight management products or self-directed diets. Only 12% of participants reported accessing healthcare services for weight management support or treatment, yet qualitative responses indicated a desire for support from a dietitian or psychologist. Five themes indicated a need for structured but tailored resources, simplicity, addressing internal and external barriers, access to holistic professional support, and access to networks vs a preference for self-reliance.
Conclusions
Young adults with excess weight are using commercial products and self-led diets but many desire specialist healthcare professionals to support their weight management. Young adults appear to prefer online resources and support that are simplistic, structured and individually tailored to their diverse cultural preferences, routines, environments, and comorbidities. Furthermore, findings indicate unmet psychological support needs amongst young adults with excess weight in the UK and Australia.
Protocol
Whatnall, M., Fozard, T., Kolokotroni, K.Z., Marwood, J., Evans, T., Ells, L.J. and Burrows, T., 2022. Understanding eating behaviours, mental health and weight change in young adults: protocol paper for an international longitudinal study. BMJ open, 12(9), p.e064963.
Dietary plant-based protein improves the growth performance and health status of Colossoma macropomum
Authors: MEDEIROS Paulo Adelino , SANTOS Raphael Brito , FREITAS Thiago Mendes , Uribe Ligia , Claudiano Gustavo , AFFONSO Elizabeth Gusmão 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets based on animal protein (AP) and plant protein (PP), on growth performance, feed cost and body composition of tambaqui in the phases of on-growing and grow-out. Additionally, indicators of well-being, intermediate metabolism, digestive enzyme activity, innate immunity and endoparasitic load of fish were evaluated. In the on-growing, 90 tambaqui (13.98 ± 0.22 g) were randomly distributed in six experimental units with partial water renewal (400 L; n = 3; 15 fish/tank) and fed three times a day with the two experimental diets, for 60 days. For the grow-out phase, 24 tambaqui (86.02 ± 1.30 g) were kept in six experimental units (0.8 m3 net tanks; n = 3; 04 fish/tank) in a static system and fed twice a day with either of the two experimental diets for 70 days. In both experiments, the fish were fed until apparent satiety. In the on-growing phase, fish fed with the PP diet gained 64% more weight (p = 0.027), with apparent feed conversion being 9% better (p = 0.002) and feed cost being 12% lower (p = 0.004) than those fed with the AP diet. There no differences in the whole-body composition nor the digestive enzyme activity of the fish; however, adverse effects of the AP diet on the innate immunity of animals were observed, which may be related to the morphophysiological characteristics of the species and the imbalance of amino acids in the diet in relation to the requirements of the species. There was an 18% reduction in respiratory activity (p = 0.015) and a 35% reduction in total leukocyte count (p = 0.035), which was influenced by the low lymphocyte value (p = 0.004). In the grow-out phase, except for the higher energy utilization in AP diet (p = 0.000), there was no difference in performance between the fish fed the different diets. However, because of the reduction in the number of cells and leukocyte activity caused by the diets, there was a 59% increase in the average intensity of endoparasitic infestation (p = 0.028) in the tambaqui fed with AP diets. The results indicate that the use of a diet based on protein from plants and free of fishmeal provides greater growth during the on-growing phase of tambaqui. In the grow-out phase, this diet contributes to the resistance to endoparasitic infestation in the animals.
Large-Scale Genome-Wide Optimization and Prediction of the Cre Recombinase System for Precise Genome Manipulation in Mice
Authors: Hosur Vishnu , Erhardt Valerie , Hartig Elli , Lorenzo Kristian , Megathlin Hannah , Tarchini Basile 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The Cre-Lox recombination system is a powerful tool in mouse genetics, offering spatial-temporal control over gene expression and facilitating the large-scale generation of conditional knockout mice. Its versatility also extends to other research models, such as rats, pigs, and zebrafish. However, the Cre-Lox technology presents a set of challenges that includes high costs, a time-intensive process, and the occurrence of unpredictable recombination events, which can lead to unexpected phenotypic outcomes. To better understand factors affecting recombination, we embarked on a systematic and genome-wide analysis of Cre-mediated recombination in mice. To ensure uniformity and reproducibility, we generated 11 novel strains with conditional alleles at the ROSA26 locus, utilizing a single inbred mouse strain background, C57BL/6J. We examined several factors influencing Cre-recombination, including the inter-loxP distance, mutant loxP sites, the zygosity of the conditional alleles, chromosomal location, and the age of the breeders. We discovered that the selection of the Cre-driver strain profoundly impacts recombination efficiency. We also found that successful and complete recombination is best achieved when loxP sites are spaced between 1 to 4 kb apart, with mutant loxP sites facilitating recombination at distances of 1 to 3 kb. Furthermore, we demonstrate that complete recombination does not occur at an inter-loxP distance of ≥ 15 kb with wildtype loxP sites, nor at a distance of ≥ 7 kb with mutant lox71/66 sites. Interestingly, the age of the Cre-driver mouse at the time of breeding emerged as a critical factor in recombination efficiency, with best results observed between 8 and 20 weeks old. Moreover, crossing heterozygous floxed alleles with the Cre-driver strain resulted in more efficient recombination than using homozygous floxed alleles. Lastly, maintaining an inter-loxP distance of 4 kb or less ensures efficient recombination of the conditional allele, regardless of the chromosomal location. While CRISPR/Cas has revolutionized genome editing in mice, Cre-Lox technology remains a cornerstone for the generation of sophisticated alleles and for precise control of gene expression in mice. The knowledge gained here will enable investigators to select a Cre-Lox approach that is most efficient for their desired outcome in the generation of both germline and non-germline mouse models of human disease, thereby reducing time and cost of Cre-Lox technology-mediated genome modification.
Route Formation and the Choreography of Looking Back in Desert Ants (Melophorus bagoti)
Authors: Freas Cody A , Cheng Ken 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

How ants, wasps and bees rapidly form visual routes represents an enduring mystery as well as a powerful example of the abilites of insect brains. Here, we analyse a previously uncharcterised behaviour, ‘lookbacks’, underlies rapid bi-directional route learning in desert ants. During these lookbacks, foragers stop forward movement to their goal location, turn and fixate their gaze to their origin, often for only 150–200ms. This turn appears to be a critical period for learning the inbound route. Route formation relies on acquiring visual cues and comparing panoramic view memories with the current view. While the nest panorama is learned during pre-foraging learning walks, during which naïve ants often fixate their gaze at the nest, route following requires separate behaviours to learn route based views. We untangle how route formation occurs in naïve Melophorus bagoti foragers during the first foraging trips by focusing on the previously uncharacterised lookback behaviours and their function in facilitating visual learning. Lookbacks were highly associated with the first few foraging trips and were concentrated in areas where the visual scene changed rapidly. Analysis of gaze directions during lookbacks show foragers clearly fixate their view to the nest direction during these behaviours (or alternatively to the feeder during inbound homing), learning the nest-aligned inbound route during their first outbound trips. We discuss lookbacks as a ‘when to learn signal’ combining visual rotation and gaze fixations to produce view-based route following.
Molecular docking of omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to HMGCoA reductase -- the rate limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis
Authors: Hossain Shahdat 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Numerous studies show that fish oil components, particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA: C20:5, w-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA: (C22:6, w-3), lower blood cholesterol levels and claim that these PUFAs do this by inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCoAR). Statins, a group of commonly prescribed drugs to treat hypercholesterolemia, are also inhibitors of HMGCoAR. Since the intake of EPA and DHA lowers blood cholesterol levels, we used bioinformatics to investigate whether EPA and DHA actually bind to the inhibitor (statin) binding site of the HMGCoAR and thus limit the rise of blood cholesterol. Docking studies with HMGCoAR (1hw9) revealed that both EPA and DHA themselves can bind to the inhibitor binding site with a greater affinity than that of the statin. Therefore, it is concluded that purified EPA and DHA and/or fish oil containing them reduces blood cholesterol levels, at least in part, by directly inhibiting HMGCoAR.
Satellite-Enhanced Groundwater Prospect Assessment in a Crystalline Basement Terrain Using Landsat Imageries and DEM Data Around Ilorin Metropolis and Adjacent Areas, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Michael Ajibola Ayoola , Olusola Olorunfemi Martins , Gaius Osotuyi Abayomi , Johnson Falana Babatope , Segun Adesinaoye 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

An assessment of the Crystalline Basement Complex (CBC) terrain of the province around Ilorin, Southwestern Nigeria, was carried out to evaluate its groundwater potential. The study aimed at investigating the hydrogeomorphological and geological/hydrogeological characteristics of the study area. This was with a view to classifying the study area into different groundwater potential zones, in order to delineate and recommend prospective areas for subsequent detailed geophysical study and drilling campaign. Drainage map, topographic map, and geological maps of the study area were acquired and integrated with Satellite imageries comprising Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) 2000 and ASTER GDEM covering the area, and processed using the ArcGIS 10.4 software. The hydro-geomorphological map and hydrogeologic lineament density maps were generated from the processed remotely sensed data. Results from the processed Digital Elevation Model (DEM) showed five distinct hydrogeomophic units which include: Dambos (valleys) (156–270 m a.s.l), the Pediplain (270–305 m a.s.l), lower Pediment (305–330 m a.s.l), upper Pediment (330–355 m a.s.l) and the residual hills (355–390 m a.s.l). The hydrogeologic lineament trends show N-S, NNE-SSW, NE-SW and NW-SE trends. The hydro-significant lineament density map reveal five (5) lineament cluster zones in the range of 0.00–1.25, 1.25–2.50, 2.50–3.75, 3.75–5.00 and 5.00–5.60 km per km2. Cross examination of the hydro-geomorphological map and lineament density map, in a Geographical Information System (GIS) environment, enabled the characterization of the study area into five different classes of very low, low, moderate, high and very high groundwater potential zones. It is concluded that groundwater potential of the area around Ilorin was generally of very low to low rating. However, there are few areas with moderate groundwater potential.
A state-of-art review on the sustainable technologies for cadmium removal from wastewater
Authors: Hamid Nur Hafizah Ab , Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas , Nordin Abu Hassan , Husna Siti Muhamad Nur , Faiz Norrrahim Mohd Nor , Knight Victor Feizal , Tahir Muhamad Iqbal Hakim Mohd , Li Gan Xin , Quan Tan Lin , Abdullah Abdirashid Mohamed , Azwa Nuh Farhan Tajul , Asyraf Muhammad Rizal Muhammad 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Cadmium pollution in wastewater has long become a daunting issue due to the rapid development of industries and modern technologies. As the exposure to cadmium has a significant effect on human health, it is crucial to treat wastewater contaminated with cadmium. This review aims to discuss and compare different treatments for cadmium in wastewater such as precipitation, coagulation, flotation, membrane filtration, biosorption, and carbon-based nanosorbent. The advances in the development of the current treatments of cadmium in wastewater represent some of the most significant milestones in the treatment strategies with most treatments showing almost complete removal of cadmium wastewater and promising reusability. However, it still possesses certain limitations which are further elaborated in this review to give insights into the future development of better treatments. Finally, a future direction to address the issue of cadmium pollution was presented to pave the way for the development of more eco-friendly treatments.
Contribuições do controle interno para a governança pública: um estudo da percepção dos auditores internos das instituições federais de ensino
Authors: Santos Josaias Santana dos , Gonçalves Andrea de Oliveira 
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: O artigo tem como objetivo, analisar a percepção dos Auditores Internos das Instituições Federais de Ensino sobre as contribuições do Controle Interno para a Governança Pública.
Metodologia: Quanto aos procedimentos técnicos para a coleta de dados da pesquisa, utilizou-se de questionário estruturado (Survey) com múltipla escolha, numa escala de 10 (dez) pontos com alternativas de nenhuma concordância/muita concordância, sendo 1 nenhuma concordância e 10 muita concordância. A análise se deu por meio da Análise Fatorial.
Resultados: Como resultado da pesquisa, identificou-se que os fatores: Planejamento de Auditoria Baseado em Riscos, Transparência, Integridade Pública e Accountability, obtiveram as maiores médias como contributos do controle interno à governança pública na percepção dos auditores respondentes. Fatores como a Prestação de Serviços de Consultoria e Participação da Sociedade apresentaram a menores médias dentre os fatores analisados. Após a análise fatorial, constou-se que o primeiro fator a Aderência às Normas Internacionais de Auditoria apresenta cerca de 59,7% do poder explicativo das variâncias contidas na amostra. Segundo a percepção dos auditores, a adesão ou alinhamento aos padrões internacionais de auditoria tem uma representatividade para a evolução do processo de governança na administração pública federal.
Contribuições do Estudo: O estudo contribui para a discussão sobre a governança publica no que concerne as contribuições do controle interno para o seu desenvolvimento. Os resultados sugerem que o processo de adesão às normas de auditoria internacionais é um processo irreversível e reconhecidamente necessário para o desenvolvimento da governança no setor público federal, dado que essa aderência às normas internacionais de auditoria se apresenta como fator de maior poder explicativo na análise, sinalizando que para a administração pública seguir o curso da evolução de sua governança, deve manter-se integrado aos padrões e melhores práticas internacionais.
Equilíbrio fiscal e a influência do crescimento econômico na variação da despesa com pessoal dos estados brasileiros face aos limites da LRF
Authors: Arraes Jeremias Pereira da Silva , Freitas Francielle Rodrigues do Nascimento Voltarelli de , Santos Djones Derkyan Texeira dos , Pereira Dimmitre Morant Vieira Gonçalves 
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Investigar qual a influência do crescimento econômico na variação da despesa com pessoal dos estados brasileiros, após a publicação da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF). Ele amplia pesquisas anteriores relacionadas ao gasto com pessoal e ao crescimento econômico dos Estados.
Metodologia: Foi realizada análise documental nos Relatórios de Gestão Fiscal (RGF), publicados por todos os entes no período de 2002 a 2018. Ao todo foram analisados 1170 documentos fiscais com a finalidade de descrever o comportamento dessas despesas ao longo dos anos. A análise dos dados foi realizada com a utilização de técnicas econométricas por meio de um modelo de regressão de dados em painel, considerando o fato da amostra ser composta por dados temporais e seccionais.
Resultados: A análise de regressão pelo efeito fixo demonstrou que a variação do Produto Interno Bruto, os limites estabelecidos pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal e a População apresentaram sinal positivo e influência significativa ao nível de 1% sobre a variação das despesas com pessoal dos estados brasileiros. Em outras palavras, quanto maior o crescimento econômico e a população do estado, maior será o gasto público com pessoal. A variável, Limite da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, apresentou influência direta sobre o controle dos gastos públicos com as despesas de pessoal, demonstrada através das análises gráficas e econométrica. Assim, a pesquisa conclui que o crescimento econômico, representado pelo PIB dos estados, e tamanho da população influenciam positivamente na variação das despesas com pessoal dos estados brasileiros, tendo em vista que tais fatores representam pressões por gastos com pessoal, afetando de forma direta a gestão dos recursos públicos e, consequentemente, o endividamento dos estados.
Contribuição do Estudo: Identificar determinantes que influenciam na variação das despesas com pessoal e seus respectivos limites estabelecidos na Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal. A relevância se dá devido a composição da despesa com pessoal em relação ao orçamento fiscal, onde representa uma parcela significativa no âmbito orçamentário e preocupa os gestores e órgãos de controle quanto a necessidade de equilíbrio das contas públicas. Por fim, estudos sobre os impactos fiscais que a LRF trouxe para a União, os Estados, o Distrito Federal e os Municípios são de grande valia para que se possa comprovar se a norma contribuiu para que os entes federados evitassem o desequilíbrio orçamentário e o endividamento excessivo.
Alfabetização financeira dos estudantes do ensino médio de instituições públicas
Authors: Souza Gladistone Cosme de , Barbosa Josilene da Silva , Oliveira Neto Odilon José de 
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Verificar o nível de alfabetização financeira dos estudantes do Ensino Médio de instituições públicas do Munícipio de Ituiutaba/MG e analisar a associação do nível de alfabetização financeira com fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos.
Metodologia: Foi utilizado um questionário aplicado diretamente a estudantes do Ensino Médio de diferentes instituições públicas após definição de amostragem probabilística. Os dados foram analisados a partir da estatística descritiva e testes de correlação, de normalidade e de comparação entre grupos.
Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que, em sua maioria, os estudantes têm bom comportamento e atitude financeira, porém não são suficientemente alfabetizados financeiramente.
Contribuições do estudo: Os resultados são úteis por indicarem a necessidade de as instituições de ensino estabelecerem ações e/ou estratégias educacionais que contribuam para a alfabetização financeira dos estudantes do Ensino Médio na área de abrangência do estudo, sugerindo-se revisitar os currículos de disciplinas cujo conteúdo se associe direta ou indiretamente com o aprendizado sobre finanças. Espera-se que os resultados da pesquisa contribuam com a sociedade de modo geral, uma vez que pessoas financeiramente alfabetizadas tendem a administrar eficientemente o dinheiro, tanto no âmbito pessoal e familiar, quanto no meio empresarial.
Long Non-coding RNA DNM3OS: Pathogenic Roles and Molecular
Mechanisms in Pathophysiological Processes
Authors: Wang Shuwen , Hu Yaqi , Wang Rui , Zhang Yifan , Yuan Qi , Yuan Chengfu 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of single-stranded
RNA biomolecules involving over 200 nucleotides and does not encode proteins. Research
on lncRNA has become a hot spot for the past few years. DNM3OS (Dynamin 3
Opposite Strand), which has been clearly identified as a regulatory lncRNA, exerts an integral
role in the pathophysiology of multiple human diseases.

Objective:
The current review study summarizes the pathogenic mechanism of DNM3OS
in various pathophysiological processes, aiming to reveal its important value as a
therapeutic drug target for related human diseases and provide a new way for targeted
therapy.

Methods:
Through systematic retrieval and in-depth study of relevant articles in
PubMed, this article analyzes and summarizes the pathogenic roles and molecular mechanisms
in pathophysiological processes of long non-coding RNA DNM3OS.

Results:
DNM3OS exerts an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development
of bone diseases, neoplastic diseases, fibrotic diseases, inflammatory diseases, and
many other diseases.

Conclusion:
DNM3OS is a potential new biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment
of a series of diseases, consisting of bone diseases, neoplastic diseases, fibrotic diseases,
and inflammatory diseases.