bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZING PARENT–INFANT SLEEP FROM BIRTH TO 6 MONTHS: A NEW PARADIGM
Authors: Whittingham Koa , Douglas Pamela 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTCurrently, the dominant paradigm for infant sleep from birth to 6 months is behavioral sleep interventions that aim to entrain the infant's biological patterns of sleep using techniques such as delayed response to cues, feed–play–sleep routines, sleep algorithms, and education of parents about “tired cues” and “overstimulation.” A recent systematic literature review has identified that while behavioral sleep interventions may modestly increase the length of time an infant sleeps at night without signaling, they are not associated with improved infant or maternal outcomes and may have unintended negative consequences (Douglas & Hill, 2013). This article reviews the empirical literature on behavioral infant sleep interventions, sleep regulation, and sleep disturbance. Based on the available scientific literature, a new paradigm for infant sleep intervention, from birth to 6 months of age, is proposed. This new approach, the Possums Sleep Intervention, integrates interdisciplinary knowledge from developmental psychology, medical science, lactation science, evolutionary science, and neuroscience with third‐wave contextual behaviorism, acceptance and commitment therapy, to create a unique, new intervention that supports parental flexibility, cued care, and the establishment of healthy biopsychosocial rhythms.
Importance of serum adipokine and ghrelin levels in patients with Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Yilmaz Gürdal , Mentese Ahmet , Yilmaz Hülya , Koksal İftihar 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCrimean‐Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) may present with a mild clinical course or else exhibit a severe profile with potentially fatal hemorrhaging. The pathogenesis of the disease has not yet been well described. Cytokines have recently been investigated in order to explain the pathogenesis. The latest reports show that adipokines are powerful inflammation modulators. This study investigated the effect of adipokines (resistin, leptin, and adiponectin) and ghrelin on disease severity in CCHF patients by testing their serum levels. This retrospective study was conducted with patients with CCHF hospitalized at the Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty in Turkey. Patients were divided into severe and non‐severe groups. Serum adipokine levels of patients with CCHF were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fifty‐three patients with confirmed CCHF were investigated. Twenty‐five (47.2%) of these patients constituted the severe group. Serum resistin levels in the severe and non‐severe groups were 108.9 ± 24.7 ng/ml and 77.5 ± 27.7 ng/ml (P < 0.001), leptin levels 15.5 ± 9.8 and 11.2 ± 5.1 ng/ml (P = 0.074), adiponectin levels 26.8 ± 18.9 and 27.4 ± 16.3 ng/ml (P = 0.903) and ghrelin levels 57.1 ± 48.7 and 200.9 ± 182.7 ng/ml (P = 0.001), all respectively. This study confirms that significant changes in serum levels of resistin and ghrelin take place in severe CCHF. J. Med. Virol. 87:310–314, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of biceps tension and superior humeral head translation on the glenoid labrum
Authors: Hwang Eunjoo , Carpenter James E. , Hughes Richard E. , Palmer Mark L. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWe sought to understand the effects of superior humeral head translation and load of the long head of biceps on the pathomechanics of the superior glenoid labrum by predicting labral strain. Using micro‐CT cadaver images, a finite element model of the glenohumeral joint was generated, consisting of humerus, glenoid bone, cartilages, labrum, and biceps tendon. A glenohumeral compression of 50 N and biceps tensions of 0, 22, 55, and 88 N were applied. The humeral head was superiorly translated from 0 to 5 mm in 1‐mm increments. The highest labral strain occurred at the interface with the glenoid cartilage and bone beneath the origin of the biceps tendon. The maximum strain was lower than the reported failure strain. The humeral head motion had relatively greater effect than biceps tension on the increasing labral strain. This supports the mechanistic hypothesis that superior labral lesions result mainly from superior migration of the humeral head, but also from biceps tension. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1424–1429, 2014.
Effect of isolated hyperglycemia on native mechanical and biologic shoulder joint properties in a rat model
Authors: Thomas Stephen J. , Sarver Joseph J. , Yannascoli Sarah M. , Tucker Jennica J. , Kelly John D. , Ahima Rexford S. , Barbe Mary F. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTRecently, diabetes has been linked to rotator cuff disease and adhesive capsulitis, conditions with increased stiffness and inflammation. Unfortunately, limited research exists examining how hyperglycemia affects the native shoulder (tendon and capsule) properties. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to compare shoulder joint mechanics, tendon properties (mechanics and immunohistochemistry), and capsule of healthy control and hyperglycemic rats 8 weeks following induction of hyperglycemia with a submaximal dose of streptozotocin (STZ). Eighteen rats were injected with STZ to induce hyperglycemia or citrate buffer (control) and underwent normal cage activity for 8 weeks. Passive joint mechanics demonstrated significantly less external rotation in the hyperglycemic group compared to controls, with no other group differences. Tendon mechanical properties (stiffness and modulus) were not significantly different between groups at both the insertion site and mid‐substance. Immunohistochemistry staining of the tendon and capsule demonstrated significantly increased interleukin 1‐beta (IL1‐β) and advanced glycated end‐products (AGE) staining localized to the insertion and mid‐substance of the tendon but not the capsule. In addition, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) staining was significantly increased in the superior capsule but not the supraspinatus tendon. This study demonstrates that isolated hypergylcemia does not diminish shoulder mechanical properties but does induce a chronic inflammatory response. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1464–1470, 2014.
Exploration of novel rhizospheric yeast isolate as fertilizing soil inoculant for improvement of maize cultivation
Authors: Mukherjee Sayani , Sen Sukanta K 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDChemical input in agriculture is a common practice but makes a serious impact to the environment. In this context, soil isolates having multiple plant growth‐promoting (PGP) attributes have been studied. The isolates were tested for their PO4 and Zn solubilization, indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) production and N2 fixation ability. The selected isolate SSm‐39 was characterized to molecular level. The isolate SSm‐39 was applied to maize cultivation in various combinations with chemical fertilizers. Also, the chemical and microbial status of soil, its effect on maize growth and yield were investigated.RESULTSIsolate SSm‐39 found most suitable for its PGP attributes and identified as Candida tropicalis. The inoculant (100%) with reduced dose of chemical fertilizer (T5) application notably increased the growth and yield performance of maize. It has improved grain quality by 85% as indicated by carbohydrate and protein content, in comparison to uninoculated control (T3). Soil nutrient status was found to increase twofold with T5 treatment compared with T3 treatment. Enhanced soil nutrient quality supported microbial growth and diversity, thus accelerating soil enzymatic activities.CONCLUSIONThe results validate the multiple PGP traits of C. tropicalis SSm‐39, advocating reduction of chemical fertilizer for maize cultivation. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Solvent‐Assisted Orientation of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐Functionalized CdSe Nanorods Under an Electric Field
Authors: Chantarak Sirinya , Liu Feng , Emrick Todd , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: July 2014

The synthesis of high‐aspect‐ratio (AR) CdSe (NRs) nanorods and their ordered assembly over large areas are reported. Long‐range ordering of hexagonal arrays of high‐AR NRs is achieved by a combination of controlled solvent evaporation and the use of an applied electric field. Vertically oriented assemblies of CdSe NRs functionalized with oligo‐ and polythiophene are also obtained. Aligned and oriented polythiophene CdSe NRs have potential applications in organic–inorganic hybrid bulk‐heterojunction photovoltaic devices.
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Controlled Radical Polymerization Using a Novel Symmetrical Selenium RAFT Agent
Authors: Botha Carlo , Weber Wolfgang , Pfukwa Helen , Pasch Harald 
Published: July 2014

A novel symmetrical selenium‐based reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent, Se,Se’‐dibenzyl carbonodiselenothioate (Se‐RAFT), is synthesized and used in the RAFT polymerization of styrene. The results obtained show that the Se‐RAFT agent is involved in the polymerization of styrene, as evidenced by narrow molar‐mass distributions (/ < 1.6) and the incorporation of the Se‐RAFT moiety into the resultant polymer. The latter is confirmed by aminolysis, NMR spectroscopy, size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) and UV spectroscopy. This work provides detailed insight into the Se‐RAFT polymerization mechanism. The Se‐RAFT agent is unique in that the stabilizing and leaving groups are identical.
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Congenital Mirror Movements in a New Italian Family
Authors: Fasano Alfonso , Bologna Matteo , Iezzi Ennio , Pavone Luigi , Srour Myriam , Di Biasio Francesca , Grillea Giovanni , Rouleau Guy A. , Levert Annie , Sebastiano Fabio , Colonnese Claudio , Berardelli Alfredo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMirror movements (MMs) occur on the contralateral side of a limb being used intentionally. Because few families with congenital MMs and no other neurological signs have been reported, the underlying mechanisms of MMs are still not entirely clear. We report on the clinical, genetic, neurophysiological and neuroimaging findings of 10 of 26 living members of a novel four‐generation family with congenital MMs. DCC and RAD51 were sequenced in affected members of the family. Five of the ten subjects with MMs underwent neurophysiological and neuroimaging evaluations. The neurophysiological evaluation consisted of electromyographic (EMG) mirror recordings, investigations of corticospinal excitability, and analysis of interhemispheric inhibition using transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques. The neuroimaging evaluation included functional MRI during finger movements. Eight (all females) of the ten members examined presented MMs of varying degrees at the clinical assessment. Transmission of MMs appears to have occurred according to an autosomal‐dominant fashion with variable expression. No mutation in DCC or RAD51 was identified. EMG mirror activity was higher in MM subjects than in healthy controls. Short‐latency interhemispheric inhibition was reduced in MM subjects. Ipsilateral motor‐evoked potentials were detectable in the most severe case. The neuroimaging evaluation did not disclose any significant abnormalities in MM subjects. The variability of the clinical features of this family, and the lack of known genetic abnormalities, suggests that MMs are heterogeneous disorders. The pathophysiological mechanisms of MMs include abnormalities of transcallosal inhibition and corticospinal decussation.
The Journey to Diagnosis in AS/Axial SpA: The Impact of Delay
Authors: Martindale J. , Goodacre L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to conduct an in‐depth exploration of the ‘journey’ to diagnosis of people with ankylosing spondylitis (AS)/axial spondyloarthritis (Axial SpA) to gain insights into the experience, potential barriers and facilitators in this process.MethodsThe present qualitative study, embedded within a prospective longitudinal cohort study, was located within an interpretive phenomenological paradigm. Ten people newly diagnosed with AS/axial SpA, reporting an average of 10.1 [standard deviation (SD) 7.3] years between experiencing symptoms and diagnosis, participated in semi‐structured interviews. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.ResultsAnalysis identified four key themes: ‘What's going on?’ described the process associated with trying to understanding a changing body experience complicated by variability and the severity of back pain experienced. ‘Fighting for a diagnosis’ provided insights into the process of having to ‘fight’ to be believed and feeling dismissed by healthcare professionals. ‘Being adrift’ explored the negative psychological consequences associated with a search for a diagnosis. ‘The start of a journey’ described the relief associated with receiving a diagnosis, juxtaposed against emotions associated with the diagnosis of a long‐term degenerative condition.ConclusionsThe delay in diagnosis experienced may be associated with lack of familiarity and knowledge of AS/axial SpA in the population and in healthcare professionals, and creates a multiplicity of problems, including psychological distress. Clinicians therefore need to consider the potential impact of a person's ‘journey to diagnosis’ on clinical management once a diagnosis has been made. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends in reoperation for female stress urinary incontinence: A nationwide study
Authors: Wu Ming‐Ping , Long Cheng‐Yu , Liang Ching‐Chung , Weng Shih‐Feng , Tong Yat‐Ching 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimsUsing the National Health Insurance (NHI) database in Taiwan, the study aimed to evaluate the rates and associated factors for reoperation of female stress incontinence.MethodsRecords of female patients who had received a primary surgical treatment for stress incontinence from January 2000 to December 2006 were retrieved. Among these, patients who had reoperations during follow‐up till December 2010 were identified. The data were analyzed for reoperation rates, surgery methods, patient demography, surgeon, and hospital attributes.ResultsAmong 14,613 patients with a mean follow‐up of 86.28 ± 26.76 months, 563 (3.85%) had reoperations, an incidence rate of 54.37 per 10,000 person year (PY). Injection procedures had the highest reoperation rate of 893.30/10,000 PY. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of reoperation was higher for mid‐urethral sling when compared to pubovaginal sling (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.16–2.05) or retropubic urethropexy including Burch operation (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04–1.61). Surgeons with high service volumes tended to have fewer reoperations. No correlations were noted between the reoperation rate with patient age, surgeon age/gender, year of operation and hospital status. However, urologists had higher reoperation rates than gynecologists. For repeat surgery, the majority of patients chose the same specialty but different surgical types. Mid‐urethral sling was used most commonly in 48.85% of reoperations.ConclusionsSubstantial number of patients need reoperation for stress incontinence. The choice of primary surgery type and surgeon specialty may affect the reoperation rates. Mid‐urethral sling is the most common reoperation choice. Neurourol. Urodynam. 34:???–???, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A level set enhanced natural kernel contact algorithm for impact and penetration modeling
Authors: Chi Sheng‐Wei , Lee Chung‐Hao , Chen Jiun‐Shyan , Guan Pai‐Chen 
Published: July 2014

SummaryA natural kernel contact (NKC) algorithm under the framework of the semi‐Lagrangian reproducing kernel particle method (semi‐Lagrangian RKPM) is proposed to model multi‐body contact with specific consideration for impact and penetration modeling. The NKC algorithm utilizes the interaction of the semi‐Lagrangian kernel functions associated with contacting bodies to serve as the non‐penetration condition. The effects of friction are represented by introducing a layer of the friction‐like elasto‐plasticity material between contacting bodies. This approach allows the frictional contact conditions and the associated kinematics to be naturally embedded in the semi‐Lagrangian RKPM inter‐particle force calculation. The equivalence in the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions between the proposed NKC algorithm and the conventional contact kinematic constraints as well as the associated state variable relationships are identified. A level set method is further introduced in the NKC algorithm to represent the contact surfaces without pre‐defined potential contact surfaces. The stability analysis performed in this work shows that temporal stability in the semi‐Lagrangian RKPM with NKC algorithms is related to the velocity gradient between contacting bodies. The proposed methods have been verified by several benchmark problems and applied to the simulation of impact and penetration processes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast frequency sweeps with many forcing vectors through adaptive interpolatory model order reduction
Authors: Wixom Andrew S. , McDaniel J. Gregory 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThe goal of this work is to examine the efficacy of interpolatory model order reduction on frequency sweep problems with many forcing vectors. The adaptive method proposed relies on the implicit interpolatory properties of subspace projection with basis vectors spanning the forced response of the system and its derivatives. The algorithm is similar to a recently proposed adaptive scheme in that it determines both interpolation location and order within the frequency domain of interest. The bounds of efficiency of the approach as the number of forcing vectors grows are explored through the use of rough floating operation counts. This, in turn, guides choices made in the adaptive algorithm, including a new technique that prevents excessive subspace growth by capitalizing on subspace direction coupling. In order to demonstrate the algorithm's utility, a series of frequency sweep problems drawn from the field of structural acoustics is analyzed. It is demonstrated that increased order of interpolation can actually degrade the efficiency of the algorithm as the number of forcing vectors grows but that this can be limited by the subspace size throttling procedure developed here. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ancient DNA Analysis of Anatolian Goat Remains Excavated from a Urartian Castle in Eastern Turkey
Authors: Akis I. , Onar V. , Toker N. , Belli O. , Pazvant G. , Oztabak K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn recent years, mitochondrial diversity of goats has been extensively studied, in order to shed light on domestication processes. There are limited studies on genetic diversity and demographic history of Anatolian goat breeds, and these studies have focused only on modern goats. Until today, no research has been conducted on DNA analysis of ancient Anatolian goats. In the present study, seven ancient DNA samples of goat remains from Van‐Yoncatepe archaeological site in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, dating 1000 BC, were successfully extracted and amplified for the first time. A 230‐bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA Hypervariable Region 1 of the samples was analyzed. All of the ancient sequences belonged to haplogroup A, which is the most widely distributed and frequently encountered haplogroup in modern goats. The results also pointed out that Anatolian ancient goats might have contributed to the genetic structure of modern goats in the Near East, the Mediterranean Region and South‐Southeastern Asia. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mach Wave Control in Explosively Formed Projectile Warhead
Authors: Zhu Chuan‐Sheng , Huang Zheng‐Xiang , Zu Xu‐Dong , Xiao Qiang‐Qiang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA Mach wave emerges at the top of the liner when a wave shaper is embedded in charge, and thus seriously breaks the explosively formed projectile (EFP) nose. Thus, to avoid breakage at the EFP nose, the pressure behind the Mach wave should be controlled. An analytical model for calculating Mach wave parameters is presented based on three‐shock theory. The parameters of Mach waves, such as their growth angles and radii, their velocity along the plane of symmetry, and the pressure behind them, can be determined. Calculation results show that when the diameter of the wave shaper is reduced or the distance between the wave shaper and liner increases, the incident angle of the detonation wave at the top of the liner increases and thereby lowers the pressure behind the Mach wave. Avoiding the occurrence of Mach waves by reducing the incident angle fails to avoid breakage at the nose of the EFP, but lowering the pressure behind the Mach wave by increasing the incident angle avoids breakage at the nose of the EFP. Calculation and simulation results are validated through X‐ray imaging experimentation.
Presence and Persistence of White Phosphorus On Military Training Ranges
Authors: Walsh Michael R. , Walsh Marianne E. , Voie Øyvind A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe use of obscurants is a common practice by militaries worldwide. One of the most effective of these is white phosphorus (WP). WP is the elemental form of phosphorus that does not occur in nature and is highly toxic. The use of WP rounds on training ranges has led to a number of die‐offs of grazing land animals and dabbling waterfowl, the first recorded in 1930. In the 1980s, thousands of waterfowl were dying annually at an impact range in Alaska, leading to the first large‐scale investigation of WP as a lethal range contaminant. Tests were conducted at an upland impact range in New York to determine the quantity and persistence of WP in a typical environment. At all sites cited in this paper, WP was persistent for months to years following the detonation of WP munitions. At the Eagle River Flats range in AK, WP was identified from rounds fired in the 1950s, persisting over 45 years in a non‐saturated environment. In New York, dispersal of gram quantities of WP occurred at detonation, and high concentrations of WP were found in the detonation craters a year after firing. Caution needs to be exercised when using white phosphorus munitions on ranges.
Transgenic cry1C or cry2A rice has no adverse impacts on the life‐table parameters and population dynamics of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Lu Zeng‐Bin , Liu Yu‐E , Han Nai‐Shun , Tian Jun‐Ce , Peng Yu‐Fa , Hu Cui , Guo Yu‐Yuan , Ye Gong‐Yin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDTransgenic rice producing the insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) is protected from damage by lepidopteran insect pests. However, one of the main concerns about Bt rice is the potential impact on non‐target herbivores. In the present study, the ecological impacts of two Bt rice lines, T1C‐19 expressing Cry1C protein and T2A‐1 expressing Cry2A protein, on the non‐target herbivore brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. The purpose was to verify whether these Bt rice lines could affect the performance of BPH at individual and population scales.RESULTSLaboratory results showed that most of the fitness parameters (development duration, survival rate, fecundity, fertility, amount of honeydew excreted) of BPH were not significantly affected by the two tested Bt rice lines, although the development duration of fourth‐instar nymphs fed on T1C‐19 was distinctly longer compared with that on T2A‐1 and non‐Bt rice plants. Five life‐table parameters did not significantly differ among rice types. Two‐year field trials also revealed no significant difference in population dynamics of BPH among rice types.CONCLUSIONIt is inferred that the tested Bt rice lines are unlikely to affect the population growth of BPH. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry