bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Forest Biorefineries: Industrial Sustainability
Authors: Ackom Emmanuel Kofi 
Published: November 2012

In the past, industrial activities and economic growth have often been associated with overexploitation of natural resources and environmental degradation. Over the last few decades, however, public pressure coupled with increasing awareness within industry on the impacts of their activities has resulted in a shift towards better environmental stewardship. Industrial sustainability offer great opportunities to improve the triple bottom line of the integrated forest biorefinery that, however, need to be explored. The work reported here analyzes the critical issues associated with industrial sustainability of integrated forest biorefinery. It showcases industrial sustainability concepts that are already in place in integrated forest biorefinery, which requires fine tuning in order to derive the maximum benefits. The chapter highlights the opportunities and barriers in integrated forest biorefinery to achieving the goals of industrial manufacturing, economic growth and environmental benefits in a socially responsible manner. Policy interventions for reforms toward improved industrial sustainability practices in integrated forest biorefinery are provided.
PAIR: paired allelic log-intensity-ratio-based normalization method for SNP-CGH arrays
Authors: Yang Shengping , Pounds Stanley , Zhang Kun , Fang Zhide 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMotivation: Normalization is critical in DNA copy number analysis. We propose a new method to correctly identify two-copy probes from the genome to obtain representative references for normalization in single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. The method is based on a two-state Hidden Markov Model. Unlike most currently available methods in the literature, the proposed method does not need to assume that the percentage of two-copy state probes is dominant in the genome, as long as there do exist two-copy probes.Results: The real data analysis and simulation study show that the proposed algorithm is successful in that (i) it performs as well as the current methods (e.g. CGHnormaliter and popLowess) for samples with dominant two-copy states and outperforms these methods for samples with less dominant two-copy states; (ii) it can identify the copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity; and (iii) it is efficient in terms of the computational time used.Availability: R scripts are available at http://publichealth.lsuhsc.edu/PAIR.html.Contact: zfang@lsuhsc.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Fitting a non-parametric stock–recruitment model in R that is useful for deriving MSY reference points and accounting for model uncertainty
Authors: Cadigan Noel G. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Cadigan, N. G. 2013. Fitting a non-parametric stock–recruitment model in R that is useful for deriving MSY reference points and accounting for model uncertainty. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70:56–67. Modelling the relationship between parental stock size and subsequent recruitment of fish to a fishery is often required when deriving reference points, which are a fundamental component of fishery management. A non-parametric approach to estimate stock–recruitment relationships is illustrated using a simulated example and nine case studies. The approach preserves compensatory density dependence in which the recruitment rate monotonically decreases as stock size increases, which is a basic assumption of commonly used parametric stock–recruitment models. The implications of the non-parametric estimates on maximum sustainable yield (MSY) reference points are illustrated. The approach is used to provide non-parametric bootstrapped confidence intervals for reference points. The efficacy of the approach is investigated using simulations. The results demonstrate that the non-parametric approach can provide a more realistic estimation of the stock–recruitment relationship when informative data are available compared with common parametric models. Also, bootstrap confidence intervals for MSY reference points based on different parametric stock–recruitment models often do not overlap. The confidence intervals based on the non-parametric approach tend to be much wider, and reflect better uncertainty due to stock–recruit model choice.
Moral development as a crucial treatment goal for young people in institutional care: a critical comparison between milieu therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy
Authors: Ahonen Lia , Degner Jürgen 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThis article aims to analyze and discuss the role of moral development in treatment of behavior problems and, further, to describe differences and similarities between two different methods – milieu therapy (MT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) – in terms of addressing criminogenic needs and promoting moral development.Design/methodology/approachBy performing a literature review, the study shows that even though there are both pros and cons using MT and CBT in institutional care, relationships strong enough to restructure a young person's moral reasoning require time, and involves not only the young person's parents and social network members, but also a genuine therapeutic alliance with clinical staff at the institution.FindingsThese are central factors articulated in both CBT and MT, but are more explicitly expressed in MT. The results presented in this article highlight some important practical implications: in order to redevelop moral self and societal values, an overly narrow focus on criminogenic needs might exclude other components or processes of treatment and behavioral change. Together with a treatment program that views close staff‐resident interactions as of secondary importance, this could impair the possibility to obtain positive and long‐lasting treatment results.Originality/valueIn practice, moral development itself should be considered as an overall treatment goal, integrated into the daily life at the institution, 24 hours a day. Finally, the possibility to work with moral development in institutional settings is discussed.
Balancing heat, water and nutrients under environmental change: a thermodynamic niche framework
Authors: Kearney Michael R. , Simpson Stephen J. , Raubenheimer David , Kooijman Sebastiaan A. L. M. 
Published: November 2012

Summary

Models of the regulatory behaviour of organisms are fundamental to a strong physiologically‐based understanding of species' responses to global environmental change. Biophysical models of heat and water exchange in organisms (biophysical ecology) and nutritionally‐explicit models for understanding feeding behaviour and its fitness consequences (the Geometric Framework of nutrition, GF) are providing such an underpinning. However, temperature, water and nutrition interact in fundamental ways in influencing the responses of the organism to their environment, and a priority is to develop an integrated approach for conceptualising and measuring these interactions.

Ideally, such an approach would be based on a thermodynamically‐formalized energy and mass budgeting approach that is sparsely parameterised and sufficiently general to apply across a range of situations and organisms. Here we illustrate how mass‐balance aspects of Dynamic Energy Budget theory can be applied to obtain first‐principles estimates of fluxes of O2, CO2, H2O and nitrogenous waste.

Then, using an herbivorous lizard (Egernia cunninghami) as a case study, we demonstrate how these estimates can be integrated with heat/water exchange models and environmental data to provide a holistic understanding of how foraging strategy, food availability, habitat and weather interact with heat, water and nutrient/energy budgets across the life‐cycle.

The analysis shows the potential importance of the water balance in affecting the energy budgets of ‘ dry skinned’ ectotherms, especially early in ontogeny, and highlights a significant gap in our knowledge of the physiological and behavioural traits that affect water balance when compared with our knowledge of thermal traits.

In general, the modelling approach we describe can provide the thermodynamically‐constrained stage on which other evolutionary and ecological interactions play out; the ‘thermodynamic niche’. This in turn provides a solid foundation from which to tackle key questions about organismal responses to environmental change.
Effects of metformin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with gonadotrophins for in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Palomba S , Falbo A , La Sala GB 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundMetformin is widely used for treating women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and many patients with PCOS who are infertile receive gonadotrophins while being treated with metformin.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of metformin administration in infertile patients with PCOS who receive gonadotrophins for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles.Search strategyWe searched international scientific databases, websites for the registration of trials, and bibliographies of retrieved articles, books, and review articles up to August 2012.Selection criteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs).Data collection and analysisAuthors independently reviewed and extracted the data.Main resultsTen RCTs (with a total of 845 women with PCOS) were included in the final analysis. Metformin administration in IVF/ICSI cycles had no effect on the rates of pregnancy (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.90–1.61) and live birth (OR 1.69, 95% CI 0.85–3.34). No effect of metformin dose, metformin pretreatment duration, and stopping time of metformin administration was observed on these reproductive end points. Metformin administration reduced the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS; OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.16–0.46) and of miscarriage (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30–0.83), while increased that of implantation (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.24–2.75).Author's conclusionsIn infertile patients with PCOS treated with gonadotrophins for IVF/ICSI cycles, metformin exerts no clinical effect on rates of pregnancy or live birth, but it reduces the risk of OHSS, and improves the rates of miscarriage and implantation. Further RCTs are needed to assess the reproductive effect of metformin in young well‐selected patients with PCOS and specific phenotypes and features.
Distant effects of nitric oxide inhalation in lavage‐induced lung injury in anaesthetised pigs
Authors: NILSSON M. C. A. , HAMBRAEUS‐JONZON K. , ALVING K. , WIKLUND P. , BERGQUIST M. , FREDÉN F. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundInhalation of nitric oxide (INO) exerts both local and distant effects. INO in healthy pigs causes down‐regulation of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production and vasoconstriction in lung regions not reached by INO, especially in hypoxic regions, which augments hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. In contrast, in pigs with endotoxemia‐induced lung injury, INO causes increased NO production in lung regions not reached by INO. The aim of this study was to investigate whether INO exerts distant effects in surfactant‐depleted lungs.MethodsTwelve pigs were anaesthetised, and the left lower lobe (LLL) was separately ventilated. Lavage injury was induced in all lung regions, except the LLL. In six pigs, 40 ppm INO was given to the LLL (INO group), and the effects on endogenous NO production and blood flow in the lavage‐injured lung regions were studied. Six pigs served as a control group. NO concentration in exhaled air (ENO), NO synthase (NOS) activity and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in lung tissue, and regional pulmonary blood flow were measured.ResultsThe calcium (Ca2+)‐dependent NOS activity was lower (P < 0.05) in the lavage‐injured lung regions in the INO group than in the control group. There were no measurable differences between the groups for Ca2+‐independent NOS activity, cGMP, ENO, or regional pulmonary blood flow.ConclusionsRegional INO did not increase endogenous NO production in lavage‐injured lung regions not directly reached by INO, but instead down‐regulated the constitutive calcium‐dependent nitric oxide synthase activity, indicating that NO may inhibit its own synthesis.
Medical practice and legal background of decisions for severely ill newborn infants: viewpoints from seven European countries
Authors: Sauer PJJ , Dorscheidt JHHM , Verhagen AAE , Hubben JH ,   On behalf of the European Neonatal EoL Study group 2010
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo comparing attitudes towards end‐of‐life (EOL) decisions in newborn infants between seven European countries.MethodsOne paediatrician and one lawyer from seven European countries were invited to attend a conference to discuss the practice of EOL decisions in newborn infants and the legal aspects involved.ResultsAll paediatricians/neonatologists indicated that the best interest of the child should be the leading principle in all decisions. However, especially when discussing cases, important differences in attitude became apparent, although there are no significant differences between the involved countries with regard to national legal frameworks.ConclusionImportant differences in attitude towards neonatal EOL decisions between European countries exist, but they cannot be explained solely by medical or legal reasons.
Treatment with the cytochrome P450 ω‐hydroxylase inhibitor HET0016 attenuates cerebrovascular inflammation, oxidative stress and improves vasomotor function in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Toth Peter , Csiszar Anna , Sosnowska Danuta , Tucsek Zsuzsanna , Cseplo Peter , Springo Zsolt , Tarantini Stefano , Sonntag William E , Ungvari Zoltan , Koller Akos 
Published: November 2012

Background and PurposeHypertension increases cerebrovascular oxidative stress and inflammation and impairs vasomotor function. These pathological alterations lead to dysregulation of cerebral blood flow and exacerbate atherogenesis, increasing the morbidity of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases and promoting vascular cognitive impairment. We aimed to test the hypothesis that increased production of the arachidonic acid metabolite 20‐hydroxy‐5,8,11,14‐eicosatetraenoic acid (20‐HETE) contributes to hypertension‐induced cerebrovascular alterations.Experimental ApproachWe treated male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with HET0016 (N‐hydroxy‐N′‐(4‐butyl‐2‐methylphenyl)‐formamidine), an inhibitor of 20‐HETE synthesis. In middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of SHRs, we focused on vasomotor responses and end points that are highly relevant for cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammatory cytokine expression and NF‐κB activation.Key ResultsSHRs treated with HET0016 remained hypertensive (SHR + HET0016: 149 ± 8 mmHg, Wistar‐Kyoto rat: 115 ± 4 mmHg; P < 0.05.), although their systolic blood pressure was decreased compared to untreated SHRs (191 ± 6 mmHg). In MCAs of SHRs, flow‐induced constriction was increased, whereas ACh‐ and ATP‐induced dilations were impaired. This functional impairment was reversed by treatment with HET0016. Treatment with HET0016 also significantly decreased oxidative stress in MCAs of SHRs (as shown by dihydroethidium staining and analysis of vascular 5‐nitrotyrosine, 4‐hydroxynonenal and carbonyl content) and inhibited cerebrovascular inflammation (shown by the reduced mRNA expression of TNFα, IL‐1β and IL‐6). Treatment of SHRs with HET0016 also attenuated vascular NF‐κB activation. In vitro treatment with 20‐HETE significantly increased vascular production of ROS and promoted NF‐κB activation in cultured cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells.Conclusions and ImplicationsTaken together, treatment with HET0016 confers anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammatory effects in the cerebral arteries of SHRs by disrupting 20‐HETE‐mediated autocrine/paracrine signalling pathways in the vascular wall. It is likely that HET0016‐induced decreases in blood pressure also potentiate the cerebrovascular protective effects of the drug.
Purple corn color inhibition of prostate carcinogenesis by targeting cell growth pathways
Authors: Long Ne , Suzuki Shugo , Sato Shinya , Naiki‐Ito Aya , Sakatani Keisuke , Shirai Tomoyuki , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: November 2012

Purple corn color is a widely used food colorant that was reported to have attenuating effects on hypertension, diabetes, and to have anti‐cancer effects on colon and breast cancer. Our study is the first on its possible chemoprevention effects against prostate cancer. For this purpose an androgen‐dependent prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, was used to examine effects in vitro. Purple corn color inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP cells by decreasing the expression of Cyclin D1 and inhibiting the G1 stage of the cell cycle. Thirty‐six male transgenic rats for adenocarcinoma of prostate were fed basic diet or diet with purple corn color for 8 weeks. Purple corn color decreased the incidence of adenocarcinoma in the lateral prostate and slowed down the progression of prostate cancer. A lower Ki67 positive rate, a decrease of the expression of Cyclin D1, and downregulation of the activation of Erk1/2 and p38 MAPK were observed in the group consuming purple corn color in the diet. Since purple corn color is a mixture, determining its active component should help in the understanding and usage of purple corn color for prostate cancer chemoprevention. Therefore, the three major anthocyanins in purple corn color, cyanidin‐3‐glucoside, pelargonidin‐3‐glucoside and peonidin‐3‐glucoside, were tested with LNCaP cells. The results suggested that cyanidin‐3‐glucoside and pelargonidin‐3‐glucoside are the active compounds.
Low faecal haemoglobin concentration potentially rules out significant colorectal disease
Authors: McDonald P. J. , Digby J. , Innes C. , Strachan J. A. , Carey F. A. , Steele R. J. C. , Fraser C. G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimThe study aimed to determine whether faecal haemoglobin (Hb) concentration can assist in deciding who with lower abdominal symptoms will benefit from endoscopy.MethodFaecal Hb concentrations were measured on single samples from 280 patients referred for lower gastrointestinal tract endoscopy from primary care in NHS Tayside who completed a faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for Hb and underwent subsequent endoscopy.ResultsAmong 739 invited patients, FIT and endoscopy were completed by 280 (median age 63 (18–84) years; 59.6% women), with a median time between FIT and endoscopy of 9 days. Six (2.1%) participants had cancer, 23 (8.2%) had high‐risk adenoma (HRA) (more than three adenomas or any > 1 cm), 31 (11.1%) low‐risk adenoma (LRA) and 26 (9.3%) inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as the most serious diagnosis. Those with cancer had a median faecal Hb of > 1000 ng Hb/ml buffer. Those with cancer + HRA + IBD had a median faecal Hb concentration of 75 ng Hb/ml buffer (95% CI 18–204), which was significantly higher than that of all remaining participants without significant colorectal disease (P < 0.0001). Using a cut‐off faecal Hb concentration of 50 ng Hb/ml buffer, negative predictive values of 100.0%, 94.4%, 93.4% and 93.9% were found for cancer, HRA, LRA and IBD. Patients with reasons for referral other than rectal bleeding and family history did not have high faecal Hb concentrations.ConclusionFaecal Hb concentration measurements have considerable potential to contribute to reducing unnecessary endoscopy for the majority of symptomatic patients.
Do developmental orthopaedic disorders influence future jumping performances inWarmblood stallions?
Authors: Verwilghen D. R. , Janssens S. , Busoni V. , Pille F. , Johnston C. , Serteyn D. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryReasons for performing the studyFew reports are available on the relationship between developmental orthopaedic diseases (DOD) and future performances inWarmblood horses.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between performance and the presence ofDODlesions.MethodsRecords ofWarmblood stallions for which radiographic and performance data were available were collected. Showjumping performances were expressed as scores derived from the final ranking of horses in each competition. These scores are available in an established performance database. The relationship between radiographic findings and both performance scores and number of performances was analysed using a linear regression model.ResultsTwo hundred and fifteen horses met the inclusion criteria. There was no difference in either the number of performances or performance score between horses categorised as affected withDODlesions (independent of joint location) compared with controls. Significantly lower numbers of performances were recorded for horses with osteochondral fragments (OCD) located at the dorsal aspect of the sagittal ridge of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal bone. No significant difference was found between horses affected withDODlesions of the tarsocrural joint and controls. Horses with osteochondrosis of the lateral trochlear ridge of the femur had both significantly lower performance scores and numbers of performances compared with controls.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that specificDODlocation and site within the joint have an influence on performance. Osteochondral fragments in the femoropatellar and at the dorsal aspect of the sagittal ridge of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint resulted in lowered performance. Fragmentation in the tarsocrural joint had no influence on performance.Potential relevanceThe future athletic performance ofWarmblood jumping horses may be limited as a result ofOCDin the femoropatellar joint and to a certain extent the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint.
Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio predicts overall and recurrence‐free survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Limaye Alpna R. , Clark Virginia , Soldevila‐Pico Consuelo , Morelli Giuseppe , Suman Amitabh , Firpi Roberto , Nelson David R. , Cabrera Roniel 
Published: November 2012

AimThe goal of this study is to evaluate whether an elevated neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at the time of diagnosis predicts survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT). We hypothesize that the NLR is predictive of overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in patients with HCC who undergo LT.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of adult patients undergoing LT for HCC between 2000 and 2008 at our institution. We define an elevated NLR as a ratio of 5 or greater.ResultsWe included 160 patients who underwent LT for HCC in the time period, of whom 28 had an elevated NLR. Seventeen subjects experienced recurrent HCC during the study period. The cumulative survival among subjects with an elevated NLR was significantly lower than among subjects with a normal NLR. On univariate analysis, several factors (including an elevated NLR) predicted decreased OS and RFS. However, after multivariate analysis, only three factors (including elevated NLR) remained significant as predictors of OS. Additionally, multivariate analysis revealed that an elevated NLR was the only significant independent predictor of RFS.ConclusionPreoperative NLR is a powerful independent predictor of OS and RFS in patients undergoing LT for HCC. Measurement of NLR could serve as a useful and easily obtained adjunct to the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score and Milan criteria when evaluating this patient population and determining which patients will gain the most survival benefit from transplantation.