bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet-Related Hemostasis before and after Hemodialysis with Five Different Anticoagulation Methods
Authors: Knehtl Masa , Ponikvar Rafael , Buturovic-Ponikvar Jadranka 
Published: November 2013

Purpose To evaluate platelet-related hemostasis during hemodialysis performed with five different anticoagulation methods. Methods 31 chronic hemodialysis patients, 71% men, aged 57.5 ∓ 17.4 years, participated in our prospective study. Platelet function analyzer PFA -100 closure time (collagen/epinephrine -CEPI, collagen/adenosine diphosphate -CADP) was measured before and after hemodialysis, which was performed consecutively with five different anticoagulation methods: full-dose unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH): 31 patients, regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA): 28 patients, low-dose heparin: 25 patients and “heparin-free” dialysis: 9 patients. The degree of clotting in the dialysis system was graded on a 5 point scale. Results CEPI (mean ∓ SD, reference range 80-160 sec) before vs. after hemodialysis: UFH: 171.7 ∓ 62.1 vs. 170.8 ∓ 67.3; LMWH: 167.4 ∓ 56.9 vs. 159.4 ∓ 56.4; low-dose heparin: 175.3 ∓ 69.0 vs. 183.1 ∓ 60.5; RCA: 172.6 ∓ 57.4 vs. 161.6 ∓ 57.0; “heparin-free”: 181.7 ∓ 56.8 vs. 209.0 ∓ 66.5; all differences nonsignificant. CADP (mean ∓ SD, reference range: 68-121 sec) before vs. after hemodialysis: UFH: 132.0 ∓ 56.6 vs.146.3 ∓ 68.4; LMWH: 132.4 ∓ 57,0 vs. 123.1 ∓ 50.8; low-dose heparin: 137.2 ∓ 64.2 vs. 143.8 ∓ 55.5; RCA: 140.7 ∓ 48.2 vs. 132.9 ∓ 48.1; “heparin-free”: 137.1 ∓ 68.0 vs.139.2 ∓ 29.7; all differences nonsignificant. Before hemodialysis procedure CEPI was increased in 51.2% and CADP in 48.4% of the patients. The best dialysis system clotting score was found with UFH, LMWH and RCA. Conclusions Platelet dysfunction was demonstrated in approximately half of the chronic hemodialysis patients and was not improved after hemodialysis, regardless of the anticoagulation regimen used.
Pituitary‐adrenal axis function in sickle cell anemia and its relationship to leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Rosenbloom Barry E. , Odell William D. , Tanaka Kouichi R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe function of the pituitary‐adrenal axis and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity were evaluated in eight patients with sickle cell disease during a painful crisis and when crisis‐free. The leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) score did not increase during crisis; the scores were in the low‐normal range during crisis and noncrisis periods. Insulin‐induced hypoglycemia produced normal growth hormone responses during both crisis and crisis‐free periods. Plasma cortisol concentrations were diminished in the crisis group. Also impaired was 11‐deoxycortisol production in both groups after metyrapone. These findings indicate that a mild defect in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis exists in sickle cell disease patients.
Negative differential conductance materials for flexible electronics
Authors: Nogaret Alain 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe need for electronics that is compatible with life is driving the search for electronically active materials that may be used for transferring integrated circuits onto flexible substrates. One route is to build transistors, which modulate the conductivity of organic thin films with a lateral gate. However, as is well known in the case of graphene, the in‐plane conductivity cannot easily be switched off. Another route is to use negative differential resistance (NDR) phenomena. Until recently, NDR was only obtained from band engineered semiconductors. This article reviews the recent development of flexible materials that specifically make use of transport perpendicular to graphite planes to obtain NDR. These materials include h‐boron‐nitride/graphene multilayers and graphite‐silicone composites. We report on the dependence of their current‐voltage curves on deformation, changes in structural and experimental parameters. We also describe device implementations in the form of flexible oscillators, amplifiers and memories. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40169.
Urinary excretion of ginkgolide terpene lactones following acute consumption of Ginkgo biloba extract
Authors: Dew Tristan P. , Wang Guan , Williamson Gary 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUrinary biomarkers of plant food supplement (PFS) exposure/intake represent an accurate, objective tool for determining PFS consumption in humans with applications ranging from epidemiology to subject compliance in clinical trials. Ginkgo biloba remains one of the worlds most popular PFS, yet few studies have investigated the uptake and metabolism of its primary unique bioactives: the terpene lactones. To this end, we conducted a dual‐dose, acute crossover intervention using G. biloba supplements in healthy participants (n = 12). Pooled 24‐H urine samples were analyzed by triple quadrupole LC‐MS‐MS. We observed that bilobalide and ginkgolides A and B were passed into urine intact and in a dose‐dependent manner. Low levels of intact ginkgolides C and J were also excreted. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report intact ginkgolide J in urine following oral consumption of ginkgo supplements and is also the first to account for excreted terpene lactones as a proportion of dose. © 2013 BioFactors, 40(2):268–274, 2014
Tissue distribution comparison between healthy and fatty liver rats after oral administration of hawthorn leaf extract
Authors: Yin Jingjing , Qu Jianguo , Zhang Wenjie , Lu Dongrui , Gao Yucong , Ying Xixiang , Kang Tingguo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTHawthorn leaves, a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine, have been widely used for treating cardiovascular and fatty liver diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic basis treating fatty liver disease by comparing the tissue distribution of six compounds of hawthorn leaf extract (HLE) in fatty liver rats and healthy rats after oral administration at first day, half month and one month, separately. Therefore, a sensitive and specific HPLC method with internal standard was developed and validated to determine chlorogenic acid, vitexin‐4′′‐O‐glucoside, vitexin‐2′′‐O‐rhamnoside, vitexin, rutin and hyperoside in the tissues including heart, liver, spleen, kidney, stomach and intestine. The results indicated that the six compounds in HLE presented some bioactivity in treating rat fatty liver as the concentrations of the six compounds varied significantly in inter‐ and intragroup comparisons (healthy and/or fatty liver group). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the Hydroxylation Mechanism of Noncoupled Copper Oxygenases by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Meliá Conchín , Ferrer Silvia , Řezáč Jan , Parisel Olivier , Reinaud Olivia , Moliner Vicent , de la Lande Aurélien 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn Nature, the family of copper monooxygenases comprised of peptidylglycine α‐hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM), dopamine β‐monooxygenase (DβM), and tyramine β‐monooxygenase (TβM) is known to perform dioxygen‐dependent hydroxylation of aliphatic CH bonds by using two uncoupled metal sites. In spite of many investigations, including biochemical, chemical, and computational, details of the CH bond oxygenation mechanism remain elusive. Herein we report an investigation of the mechanism of hydroxylation by PHM by using hybrid quantum/classical potentials (i.e., QM/MM). Although previous investigations using hybrid QM/MM techniques were restricted to geometry optimizations, we have carried out ab initio molecular dynamics simulations in order to include the intrinsic flexibility of the active sites in the modeling protocol. The major finding of this study is an extremely fast rebound step after the initial hydrogen‐abstraction step promoted by the cupric–superoxide adduct. The hydrogen‐abstraction/rebound sequence leads to the formation of an alkyl hydroperoxide intermediate. Long‐range electron transfer from the remote copper site subsequently triggers its reduction to the hydroxylated substrate. We finally show two reactivity consequences inherent in the new mechanistic proposal, the investigation of which would provide a means to check its validity by experimental means.
Encapsulation and Release Mechanisms in Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Amorín‐Ferré Laura , Busqué Félix , Bourdelande José Luis , Ruiz‐Molina Daniel , Hernando Jordi , Novio Fernando 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe interplay of guest encapsulation and release mechanisms in nanoscale metal–organic vehicles and its effect on the drug‐delivery kinetics of these materials were investigated through a new multidisciplinary approach. Two rationally‐designed molecular guests were synthesized, which consist of a red‐fluorescent benzophenoxazine dye covalently tethered to a coordinating catechol group and a protected, non‐coordinating catechol moiety. This allowed loading of the guests into compositionally and structurally equivalent coordination polymer particles through distinct encapsulation mechanisms: coordination and mechanical entrapment. The two types of particles delivered their fluorescent cargo with remarkably different kinetic profiles, which could be satisfactorily modeled considering degradation‐ and diffusion‐controlled release processes. This demonstrates that careful selection of the method of guest incorporation into coordination polymer nanoparticles allows selective tuning of the rate of drug delivery from these materials and, therefore, of the time window of action of the encapsulated therapeutic agents.
Homonuclear correlated spectroscopy (COSY): The basics of two‐dimensional NMR
Authors: Wemmer David E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe basic principles of homonuclear correlated spectroscopy, the COSY experiment, are presented. The underlying theory is given for a single pair of coupled spins. The differences between magnitude‐mode and phase‐sensitive experiments are discussed. Features of the cross peaks are described, and the procedure for carrying out experiments is given. Examples of both magnitude and phase‐sensitive COSY experiments are shown.
CXCR7 influences the migration of B cells during maturation
Authors: Humpert Marie‐Luise , Pinto Dora , Jarrossay David , Thelen Marcus 
Published: November 2013

The atypical chemokine receptor CXCR7 binds the chemokines CXCL12 and CXCL11. The receptor is widely expressed and was shown to tune CXCR12‐induced responses of CXCR4. Here, the function of CXCR7 was examined at late stages of human B‐cell maturation, when B cells differentiate into Ab‐secreting plasmablasts. We identified two populations of CXCR7+ cells in tonsillar lymphocytes, one being presumably memory B cells or early plasmablasts (FSClowCD19+CD38mid) and the other being plasmablasts or early plasma cells (FSChighCD19+CD38+). CXCR7 is expressed on CD19+CD27+ memory B cells, on CD19+CD38+CD138− and intracellular immunoglobulin high plasmablasts, but not on CD19+CD138+icIghigh plasma cells. The differential expression pattern suggests a potential contribution of the scavenger receptor in final B‐cell maturation. On in vitro differentiating B cells, we found a marked inverse correlation between CXCR7 and CXCR5 cell surface levels, whereas expression of CXCR4 remained almost constant. Migration assays performed with tonsillar mononuclear cells or in vitro differentiated cells revealed that inhibition of CXCR7 markedly increases chemotaxis toward CXCL12, especially at late stages of B‐cell maturation. Chemotaxis was attenuated in the presence of CXCR4 antagonists, confirming that migration is CXCR4 mediated. Our findings unequivocally demonstrate a novel role for CXCR7 in regulating the migration of plasmablasts during B‐cell maturation.
Scoring the Icecap‐a Capability Instrument. Estimation of a UK General Population Tariff
Authors: Flynn Terry N. , Huynh Elisabeth , Peters Tim J. , Al‐Janabi Hareth , Clemens Sam , Moody Alison , Coast Joanna 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a best–worst scaling (BWS) study to value the Investigating Choice Experiments Capability Measure for Adults (ICECAP‐A), a new capability measure among adults, in a UK setting. A main effects plan plus its foldover was used to estimate weights for each of the four levels of all five attributes. The BWS study was administered to 413 randomly sampled individuals, together with sociodemographic and other questions. Scale‐adjusted latent class analyses identified two preference and two (variance) scale classes. Ability to characterize preference and scale heterogeneity was limited, but data quality was good, and the final model exhibited a high pseudo‐r‐squared. After adjusting for heterogeneity, a population tariff was estimated. This showed that ‘attachment’ and ‘stability’ each account for around 22% of the space, and ‘autonomy’, ‘achievement’ and ‘enjoyment’ account for around 18% each. Across all attributes, greater value was placed on the difference between the lowest levels of capability than between the highest. This tariff will enable ICECAP‐A to be used in economic evaluation both within the field of health and across public policy generally. © 2013 The Authors. Health Economics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Process for the Extraction of Lithium from Dead Sea Solutions
Authors: Kaplan D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLithium is precipitated as lithium aluminate from Dead Sea brines, which contain a minute amount of lithium chloride, by adding aluminium salt and alkali (preferably ammonia) at room temperature. The process can be carried out in the presence of chlorides of magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium.The lithium aluminate precipitate is dissolved in sulphuric acid and the excess acid neutralized with ammonia. The sulphates of ammonia and aluminium thus formed react to yield the respective alum. The solution contains lithium sulphate. The sulphate ions from the alum are precipitated with calcium chloride.The filtrate contains ammonium chloride and aluminium chloride. Aluminium chloride is precipitated by alkali to form aluminium hydroxide and recirculated as a soluble aluminium salt.
Organo‐Metallic Clay Complexes IV. Nickel and Mercury Aliphatic Polyamines
Authors: Bodenheimer W. , Heller L. , Kirson B. , Yariv Sh. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe formation of complexes of nickel and mercury with polyamines in the interlayer space of montmorillonite was inferred from Potentiometric titration and differential thermal analysis curves. Two complexes of nickel diethylenetriamine and of mercury with each of the polyamines diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine and tetraethylenepentamine and one complex of nickel with both triethylenetetramine and tetraethylenepentamine seem to be formed in interlamellar space.
Soybean Saponins: III. Fractionation And Characterization
Authors: Gestetner B. , Ishaaya I. , Birk Y. , Bondi A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA method—consisting of column chromatography on acid washed Al2O3 and subsequent paper chromatography—for the fractionation of soybean saponin extract (SBSE) has been elaborated. SBSE could be separated into 5 fractions, the homogeneity of which has been established by ascending paper chromatography and horizontal paper electrophoresis. Four of these fractions were proved to be saponins by the following criteria: a) Haemolytic and foam‐forming abilities; b) Characteristic bitter taste; and c) Identification of the known soybean sapogenins A, B, C and D as well as reducing sugars, in the acid hydrolysates.A colorimetric method, based on a modified Lieberman‐Burchard reagent, for the quantitative determination of the various saponins present in SBSE has been developed. Saponin b, the strongest haemolytic agent of the four, is present only in small amounts in SBSE, whereas c, which composes 75% of SBSE, has moderate haemolytic activity.Since it has been found that the ratio of haemolytic and foam‐forming activity is inversely correlated, it seems that the two activities involve different active sites.
Acrylyl‐Phosphate and its Conversion into Lactic Acid
Authors: Paecht M. , Katchalsky (Katzir) A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAcrylyl‐phosphate is an intermediate product in the deamination of alanine‐phosphate. Synthetic acrylyl‐phosphate yields lactic acid in a manner similar to alanine phospho‐anhydride. The relations of alanine‐phosphate, cyclo‐lactyl‐phosphate and acrylyl‐phosphate are represented in the following scheme.magnified imageThe rate of hydrolysis of acrylyl‐phosphate is pH dependent and has a shallow minimum at pH 5 where Kh = 1.41 × 10−2 min−1. The rate of its conversion to cyclo‐lactyl phosphate is dependent on the presence of a free OH group in the orthophosphate residue. Since the pK of this group is 4.35 the conversion is rather rapid at low pH's and goes to zero for pH's higher than 6.Inert absorbents have a strong promoting action on lactic acid formation from acrylyl‐phosphate. The catalytic activity of the surfaces follows a Langmuir isotherm indicating that absorption of acrylyl‐phosphate defends the molecules from hydrolysis without interfering with the hydration to lactic acid.
The Reduction of AgNO3 in Aqueous Solutions by Atomic Hydrogen
Authors: Czapski G. , Stein G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe reduction of Ag+ in aqueous solution by atomic hydrogen produced in an electrodeless high frequency discharge was studied. The apparent rate constant of the reduction of Ag+ by hydrogen atoms k= 5.105 litre·mole−1·sec−1. A reaction mechanism was derived which correlates the present results with those of Littman, Carr and Brady.
Solvent Extraction from Molten Salts. II. Mixed Mercury (II) Halides
Authors: Zangen M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe overall distribution ratio D for mercury (II) species between a polyphenyl eutectic mixture and molten LiNO3‐KNO3 eutectic at 150° was determined for HgCl2 ‐ HgBr2, HgCl2 ‐ HgBr2 and HgBr2 ‐ HgI2 mixtures of varying composition. In the latter two cases, the plot of D vs R (= the ratio Itotal: Cltotal or Itotal: Brtotal) showed a maximum. A method was derived for direct calculation of Ks, the equilibrium constant for the reaction HgA2 + HgB2 ⇋ 2HgAB in the salt phase, and KAB, the distribution coefficient of HgAB, from the values of D and R at the maximum. The obtained values of Ks and KAB respectively are: for HgClBr 70 ± 30 and 3.9 ± 0.2, for HgClI 0.5 ± 0.3 and 90 ± 30. for HgBrI 0.10 ± 0.06 and 370 ± 200.
Syntheses and Polymerization of S‐ (p‐ and o‐Trimethylsilylbenzyl) Derivatives of Cysteine and Homocysteine
Authors: Gertner D. , Shenhar A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractS‐(p‐ and o‐trimethylsilylbenzyl)‐ cysteine and homocysteine were prepared by reaction of p‐ or o‐trimethylsilylbenzyl bromide with cysteine, homocysteine or homocysteine thiolactone respectively. Properties of the amino acids and some of their N‐acyl derivatives are reported. The amino acids were polymerized by various methods through their N‐carboxyanhydrides.
Synthesis of Compounds Related to Steroids. Reactions of β‐Methyltricarballylic Acid Anhydride with Substituted Naphthalenes
Authors: Harnik M. , Jensen E. V. 
Published: November 2013

Abstractβ‐Methyltricarballylic acid anhydride (I) reacted with the Grignard reagent from 1‐iodo‐6‐methoxynaphthalene to give the keto acid (III) which was converted into the tricyclic intermediate (VIb). Friedel‐Crafts condensation of the anhydride (1) with 2‐methoxynaphthalene led to the isolation of the acids (XII) and (IXc). As in the case of 7‐methoxy‐1‐acetnaphthalide, condensation of 7‐bromo‐1‐acetnaphthalide with succinic anhydride gave only the 3‐substituted product (XVIIa). Condensation of 1‐acetnaphthalide with succinic anhydride lead to acidic products in which the naphthalene nucleus is substituted mostly in the β‐position.
Preparation of 6‐Methoxy Aromatic Steroids from Estradiol and by Total Synthesis
Authors: Harnik M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn easy synthesis of 6‐methoxy equilenin derivatives is described starting with 7α‐bromo‐6‐ketoestradiol 17‐acetate (Va). The resulting 6‐hydroxyequilenin dimethyl ether (VIIIa) was transformed into 17β‐acetamido‐3,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5(10), 6,8‐estrapentaene (IXd), the racemic form (XIIId) of which was made from the totally synthetic compounds (Xa) and (XIa), Also the D‐antipode (XXI) of 3,6‐dimethoxy‐176 ‐acetyl‐1,3,5(10), 6,8‐estrapentaene was synthesized from (VIIIa) and compared with its racemic form (XIa). Treatment of the estrapentaene (VIb) with sodium and isopropanol afforded the ketone (XVIb) which was further reduced to the triol (XVII).
Studies in Mass Spectrometry V. [1]: Fragmentation of N‐Substituted Morphinans Under Electron Impact
Authors: Mandelbaum A. , Ginsburg D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFragmentation of N‐substituted morphinans under electron impact has been studied. Substitution affects the fragmentation pattern and the distribution of the charge in the fragments obtained by cleavage of doubly charged molecular ions.
Nitrofuryl Pyrazoles and Nitrofuryl Isoxazoles
Authors: Haber R. G. , Schoenberger E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of a number of antibacterial 3,5‐disubstituted pyrazoles and isoxazoles starting from beta‐diketones and a hydrazine or hydroxylamine respectively is described. A furyl or 5‐nitrofuryl group was always one of the substituents. The nitration of the furan ring could be performed at any stage.
Derivatives of Phenoxaphosphine
Authors: Granoth I. , Kalir A. , Pelah Z. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSubstituted phenoxaphosphines were obtained from di‐p‐tolyl ether and alkyl‐ or arylphosphonous dichlorides, and, by alkylation, followed by reduction, from either 2,8‐dimethylphenoxaphosphinyl chloride or 2,8‐dimethylphenoxaphosphine 10‐oxide. Some reactions of the new heterocyclic compounds are described.
Effects of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors on Purine Catabolism
Authors: Elion Gertrude B. , Benezra Fran M. , Canellas Irene , Carrington Lorraine O. , Hitchings G. H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA method is described for the determination of the ability of a number of pyrazolo(3,4‐d) pyrimidines and purines, which are xanthine oxidase inhibitors in vitro, to inhibit purine catabolism in the mouse. This method is based on the amount of oxypurines (hypoxanthine + xanthine) excreted in the urine during the first 5 hours after drug administration. The in vivo activity often did nut correlate with the inhibitory activity in vitro. The most active inhibitor in vivo was 4‐hydroxypyrazolo(3,4‐d)‐pyrimidine (allopurinol).