bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report ofGreeneria uvicolaCausing Bitter Rot of Grape in China
Authors: Cui Chaoyu , Jiang Junxi , Ouyang Hui , Li Cheng , Liu Dengquan , Huang Ting 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn 2013, bitter rot of grape was observed in Changbei Vineyard located in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China.Greeneriaspecies was consistently isolated from the diseased grape berries (Vitis labruscanacv. Kyoho) at approximately 91% of isolation rate in three independent experiments. The species was identified asGreeneria uvicolabased on the morphological characteristics, cultural appearance and sequence analysis. Koch's postulates were fulfilled through pathogenicity tests on detached healthy Kyoho grape berries. To our knowledge, this is the first report ofG. uvicolacausing bitter rot of grape in China.
Firm Patenting, Innovations, and Government Institutional Support as a Double‐Edged Sword
Authors: Shu Chengli , Wang Qin , Gao Shanxing , Liu Cuijuan 
Published: October 2014

In 2012,China was ranked fourth in patent filing by region of origin. However, firm innovation quality is not comparable to such quantity. Evidence of this is that noChinese organization was named as aThomsonReuters 2011 or 2012 Top 100 Global Innovators. This paradox of firm patenting and innovations inChina challenges the traditional understanding of the role of government in industrial innovation.This paper provides a theoretical lens through which to examine traditional protective and strategic patenting motives. Based on institutional theory and the ultimate goals of patenting motives, the paper posits that protective patenting motives are directly law‐based while strategic patenting motives are largely law‐derived. The paper also aims to empirically examine three questions: (1) What is the relative importance of various patenting motives to firm patenting behaviors? (2) What effects do patenting behaviors have on firm product and process innovations? (3) How, if at all, does governmental institutional support affect firm patenting and innovations?This paper uses dominant analysis, structural equation modeling, and regression analysis to analyze the survey data collected from a sample of 270 firms inChina. The empirical results provide new evidence about firm patenting, innovations, and government institutional support. First, the order of relative importance of patenting motives to patenting behaviors was found to be (in the descending order of importance) reputation, exchange, blocking, and protection. Second, patenting behaviors were more relevant to product innovations than to process innovations. Third, more importantly, while government institutional support can enhance the effects of protective patenting motives on patenting behaviors, it can mitigate the effects of strategic patenting motives on patenting behaviors. Moreover, government institutional support reduces the positive effect of patenting behaviors on product innovations. These findings suggest that firm patenting and innovations are distinct activities, and that government institutional support acts as a double‐edged sword in firm patenting and innovations: On the one hand government institutional support—an extralegal formal institution—may work alongside the patent system—a law‐based formal institution—to advance science and technology, but on the other hand government institutional support may distract firms from commercializing patented knowledge into new products.This paper primarily contributes to institutional theory, new product development literature, and innovation management practice by revealing the dynamics between two different types of formal institutions—patent system and government institutional support—by establishing an institution‐based view of patenting motives, by empirically distinguishing firm patenting and innovations, and more interestingly by uncovering a double‐edged role of government institutional support in firm patenting and innovations.
Sexual Activity and Vaginal Topography in Women with Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders
Authors: Edenfield Autumn L. , Levin Pamela J. , Dieter Alexis A. , Amundsen Cindy L. , Siddiqui Nazema Y. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Pelvic floor disorders affect vaginal anatomy and may affect sexual function.

Aims
The aims of this study were to explore the relationship between vaginal anatomy and sexual activity in women with symptomatic pelvic floor disorders and to assess whether vaginal measurements (topography) correlate with sexual function.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study comparing sexually active and nonsexually active women planning urogynecologic surgery. Our primary outcome was the difference in vaginal topography based on Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) exam between cohorts. Correlations between POP-Q measurements and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire short form (PISQ-12) scores were assessed in sexually active women.

Main Outcome Measure
The POP-Q is a quantitative and standardized examination for prolapse. The PISQ-12 is a condition-specific sexual function questionnaire validated in sexually active women with pelvic floor disorders.

Results
Of 535 women, 208 (39%) were sexually active and 327 (61%) were not. Median genital hiatus (GH) and perineal body (PB) measurements and a PB : GH ratio were not significantly different between the two cohorts. Total vaginal length (TVL) was longer in sexually active women (median 9 vs. 8 cm, P &lt; 0.001). In a linear regression analysis controlling for potential confounders, sexually active women still had a longer TVL by 0.4 cm (95% confidence interval 0.07, 0.6 cm) compared with those who were not sexually active. Of the 327 nonsexually active women, 28% indicated they avoided sexual activity because of pelvic floor symptoms. There was poor correlation between TVL, GH, PB, and PB : GH ratio with PISQ-12 scores (r = 0.10, −0.05, −0.09, −0.03, respectively).

Conclusions
In women with pelvic floor disorders, sexual activity is associated with a longer vaginal length. One-quarter of women indicated they avoided sexual activity because of pelvic floor symptoms. Vaginal topography does not correlate with sexual function based on PISQ-12 scores.
Matching oceanography and genetics at the basin scale. Seascape connectivity of the Mediterranean shore crab in the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Schiavina M. , Marino I. A. M. , Zane L. , Melià P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInvestigating the interactions between the physical environment and early life history is crucial to understand the mechanisms that shape the genetic structure of marine populations. Here, we assessed the genetic differentiation in a species with larval dispersal, the Mediterranean shore crab (Carcinus aestuarii) in the Adriatic Sea (central Mediterranean), and we investigated the role of oceanic circulation in shaping population structure. To this end, we screened 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci from 431 individuals collected at eight different sites. We found a weak, yet significant, genetic structure into three major clusters: a northern Adriatic group, a central Adriatic group and one group including samples from southern Adriatic and Ionian seas. Genetic analyses were compared, under a seascape genetics approach, with estimates of potential larval connectivity obtained with a coupled physical–biological model that integrates a water circulation model and a description of biological traits affecting dispersal. The cross‐validation of the results of the two approaches supported the view that genetic differentiation reflects an oceanographic subdivision of the Adriatic Sea into three subbasins, with circulation patterns allowing the exchange of larvae through permanent connections linking north Adriatic sites and ephemeral connections like those linking the central Adriatic with northern and southern locations.
Testing models of speciation from genome sequences: divergence and asymmetric admixture in Island South‐East Asian Sus species during the Plio‐Pleistocene climatic fluctuations
Authors: Frantz Laurent A. F. , Madsen Ole , Megens Hendrik‐Jan , Groenen Martien A. M. , Lohse Konrad 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn many temperate regions, ice ages promoted range contractions into refugia resulting in divergence (and potentially speciation), while warmer periods led to range expansions and hybridization. However, the impact these climatic oscillations had in many parts of the tropics remains elusive. Here, we investigate this issue using genome sequences of three pig (Sus) species, two of which are found on islands of the Sunda‐shelf shallow seas in Island South‐East Asia (ISEA). A previous study revealed signatures of interspecific admixture between these Sus species (Genome biology, 14, 2013, R107). However, the timing, directionality and extent of this admixture remain unknown. Here, we use a likelihood‐based model comparison to more finely resolve this admixture history and test whether it was mediated by humans or occurred naturally. Our analyses suggest that interspecific admixture between Sunda‐shelf species was most likely asymmetric and occurred long before the arrival of humans in the region. More precisely, we show that these species diverged during the late Pliocene but around 23% of their genomes have been affected by admixture during the later Pleistocene climatic transition. In addition, we show that our method provides a significant improvement over D‐statistics which are uninformative about the direction of admixture.
Luck Attributions and Cognitive Bias
Authors: Hales Steven D. , Johnson Jennifer Adrienne 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPhilosophers have developed three theories of luck: the probability theory, the modal theory, and the control theory. To help assess these theories, we conducted an empirical investigation of luck attributions. We created eight putative luck scenarios and framed each in either a positive or a negative light. Furthermore, we placed the critical luck event at the beginning, middle, or end of the scenario to see if the location of the event influenced luck attributions. We found that attributions of luckiness were significantly influenced by the framing of the scenario and by the location of the critical event. Positively framing an event led to significantly higher lucky ratings than negatively framing the same exact event. And the closer a negative event was placed toward the end of a scenario, the more unlucky the event was rated. Overall, our results raise the possibility that there is no such thing as luck and thereby pose serious challenges to the three prominent theories of luck. We instead propose that luck may be a cognitive illusion, a mere narrative device used to frame stories of success or failure.
The Aspergillus nidulans signalling mucin MsbA regulates starvation responses, adhesion and affects cellulase secretion in response to environmental cues
Authors: Brown Neil Andrew , dos Reis Thaila Fernanda , Goinski Amanda Beatriz , Savoldi Marcela , Menino Joao , Almeida Maria Teresa , Rodrigues Fernando , Goldman Gustavo Henrique 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIn the heterogeneous semi‐solid environment naturally occupied by lignocellulolytic fungi the majority of nutrients are locked away as insoluble plant biomass. Hence, lignocellulolytic fungi must actively search for, and attach to, a desirable source of nutrients. During growth on lignocellulose a period of carbon deprivation provokes carbon catabolite derepression and scavenging hydrolase secretion. Subsequently, starvation and/or contact sensing was hypothesized to play a role in lignocellulose attachment and degradation. In Aspergillus nidulans the extracellular signalling mucin, MsbA, influences growth under nutrient‐poor conditions including lignocellulose. Cellulase secretion and activity was affected by MsbA via a mechanism that was independent of cellulase transcription. MsbA modulated both the cell wall integrity and filamentous growth MAPK pathways influencing adhesion, biofilm formation and secretion. The constitutive activation of MsbA subsequently enhanced cellulase activity by increasing the secretion of the cellobiohydrolase, CbhA, while improved substrate attachment and may contribute to an enhanced starvation response. Starvation and/or contact sensing therefore represents a new dimension to the already multifaceted regulation of cellulase activity.
Use of computed tomography as a non‐invasive method for diagnosing cephenemyiosis in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Authors: FIDALGO L. E. , LÓPEZ‐BECEIRO A. M. , VILA‐PASTOR M. , MART ÍNEZ‐CARRASCO C. , BARREIRO‐VÁZQUEZ J. D. , PÉREZ J. M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study was conducted to assess the reliability of computed tomography (CT) for diagnosing bot fly infestations by Cephenemyia stimulator (Clark) (Diptera: Oestridae) in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae). For this purpose, the heads of 30 animals were analysed, firstly by CT and then by necropsy, which was used as the reference standard method. The prevalence values obtained by both methods were identical; the prevalence of infestation was 40.0% overall, and was higher in males (45.5%) than in females (25.0%). These results highlight the usefulness of CT as an alternative or non‐invasive method for diagnosing cephenemyiosis in live‐captured roe deer and in hunting trophies or museum collections that cannot be destroyed or damaged.
Emerging drugs and vaccines for Candidemia
Authors: Moriyama Brad , Gordon Lori A. , McCarthy Matthew , Henning Stacey A. , Walsh Thomas J. , Penzak Scott R. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryCandidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis are important causes of morbidity and mortality. The evolving challenge of antimicrobial resistance among fungal pathogens continues to highlight the need for potent, new antifungal agents. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science searches (up to January 2014) of the English‐language literature were performed with the keywords ‘Candida’ or ‘Candidemia’ or ‘Candidiasis’ and terms describing investigational drugs with activity against Candida spp. Conference abstracts and the bibliographies of pertinent articles were also reviewed for relevant reports. ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for relevant clinical trials. Currently available antifungal agents for the treatment of candidemia are summarised. Investigational antifungal agents with potential activity against Candida bloodstream infections and other forms of invasive candidiasis and vaccines for prevention of Candida infections are also reviewed as are selected antifungal agents no longer in development. Antifungal agents currently in clinical trials include isavuconazole, albaconazole, SCY‐078, VT‐1161 and T‐2307. Further data are needed to determine the role of these compounds in the treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis. The progressive reduction in antimicrobial drug development may result in a decline in antifungal drug discovery. Still, there remains a critical need for new antifungal agents to treat and prevent invasive candidiasis and other life‐threatening mycoses.
Human enteric neurons: morphological, electrophysiological, and neurochemical identification
Authors: Carbone S. E. , Jovanovska V. , Nurgali K. , Brookes S. J. H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundAccess to tissue, difficulties with dissection, and poor visibility of enteric ganglia have hampered electrophysiological recordings of human enteric neurons. Here, we report a method to combine intracellular recording with simultaneous morphological identification of neurons in the intact myenteric plexus of human colon ex vivo.MethodsSpecimens of human colon were dissected into flat‐sheet preparations with the myenteric plexus exposed. Myenteric neurons were impaled with conventional microelectrodes containing 5% 5,6‐carboxyfluorescein in 20 mM Tris buffer and 1 M KCl.Key ResultsElectrophysiological recordings identified myenteric neurons with S and AH type properties (n = 13, N = 7) which were dye filled and classified during the recording as Dogiel type I (n = 10), Dogiel type II (n = 2), or filamentous (n = 1) cells. This classification was confirmed after fixation, in combination with immunohistochemical characterization.Conclusions & InferencesThis method allows electrophysiological characterization with simultaneous identification of morphology. It can be used to identify recorded cells immediately after impalement and greatly facilitates recordings of human myenteric neurons in freshly dissected specimens of tissue. It can also be combined with immunohistochemical labeling of recorded cells.
On Japan and China: Taking a Stand, Not Taking Sides
Authors: EVANS GARETH 
Published: October 2014

In 1990, right after the Berlin Wall fell, NPQ published our Spring edition, titled “The New World Disorder,” about the nationalistic chaos and up‐in‐theair sensibility of that fraught new historical moment.Nearly a quarter of a century later, the regime of globalization that had supplanted the Cold War world of blocs is itself coming apart at the seams. Even Henry Kissinger these days says “the world order is crumbling.”Will this New World Disorder 2.0 revert to a system of conflicting blocs, as during the Cold War, or will we be mature enough to save the interdependence of plural identities that is the foundation of a new global civilization?In this section our contributors offer their perspectives on what the future holds.
Is Viktor Orbán Right That Liberal Democracy Has Failed? Is Italy Exhibit #1?
Authors: LO PRETE MARCO VALERIO 
Published: October 2014

In 1990, right after the Berlin Wall fell, NPQ published our Spring edition, titled “The New World Disorder,” about the nationalistic chaos and up‐in‐theair sensibility of that fraught new historical moment.Nearly a quarter of a century later, the regime of globalization that had supplanted the Cold War world of blocs is itself coming apart at the seams. Even Henry Kissinger these days says “the world order is crumbling.”Will this New World Disorder 2.0 revert to a system of conflicting blocs, as during the Cold War, or will we be mature enough to save the interdependence of plural identities that is the foundation of a new global civilization?In this section our contributors offer their perspectives on what the future holds.
Russia Has Already Invaded Ukraine
Authors: TALBOTT STROBE 
Published: October 2014

In 1990, right after the Berlin Wall fell, NPQ published our Spring edition, titled “The New World Disorder,” about the nationalistic chaos and up‐in‐theair sensibility of that fraught new historical moment.Nearly a quarter of a century later, the regime of globalization that had supplanted the Cold War world of blocs is itself coming apart at the seams. Even Henry Kissinger these days says “the world order is crumbling.”Will this New World Disorder 2.0 revert to a system of conflicting blocs, as during the Cold War, or will we be mature enough to save the interdependence of plural identities that is the foundation of a new global civilization?In this section our contributors offer their perspectives on what the future holds.
Why is Rouhani Angry?
Authors: GANJI AKBAR 
Published: October 2014

In 1990, right after the Berlin Wall fell, NPQ published our Spring edition, titled “The New World Disorder,” about the nationalistic chaos and up‐in‐theair sensibility of that fraught new historical moment.Nearly a quarter of a century later, the regime of globalization that had supplanted the Cold War world of blocs is itself coming apart at the seams. Even Henry Kissinger these days says “the world order is crumbling.”Will this New World Disorder 2.0 revert to a system of conflicting blocs, as during the Cold War, or will we be mature enough to save the interdependence of plural identities that is the foundation of a new global civilization?In this section our contributors offer their perspectives on what the future holds.
How The Mideast Conflict Nourishes Anti‐Semitism
Authors: BEN JELLOUN TAHAR 
Published: October 2014

In 1990, right after the Berlin Wall fell, NPQ published our Spring edition, titled “The New World Disorder,” about the nationalistic chaos and up‐in‐theair sensibility of that fraught new historical moment.Nearly a quarter of a century later, the regime of globalization that had supplanted the Cold War world of blocs is itself coming apart at the seams. Even Henry Kissinger these days says “the world order is crumbling.”Will this New World Disorder 2.0 revert to a system of conflicting blocs, as during the Cold War, or will we be mature enough to save the interdependence of plural identities that is the foundation of a new global civilization?In this section our contributors offer their perspectives on what the future holds.
Distinct palisade tissue development processes promoted by leaf autonomous signalling and long‐distance signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: MUNEKAGE YURI NAKAJIMA , INOUE SHIO , YONEDA YUKI , YOKOTA AKIHO 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPlants develop palisade tissue consisting of cylindrical mesophyll cells located at the adaxial side of leaves in response to high light. To understand high light signalling in palisade tissue development, we investigated leaf autonomous and long‐distance signal responses of palisade tissue development using Arabidopsis thaliana. Illumination of a developing leaf with high light induced cell height elongation, whereas illumination of mature leaves with high light increased cell density and suppressed cell width expansion in palisade tissue of new leaves. Examination using phototropin1 phototropin2 showed that blue light signalling mediated by phototropins was involved in cell height elongation of the leaf autonomous response rather than the cell density increase induced by long‐distance signalling. Hydrogen peroxide treatment induced cylindrical palisade tissue cell formation in both a leaf autonomous and long‐distance manner, suggesting involvement of oxidative signals. Although constitutive expression of transcription factors involved in systemic‐acquired acclimation to excess light, ZAT10 and ZAT12, induced cylindrical palisade tissue cell formation, knockout of these genes did not affect cylindrical palisade tissue cell formation. We conclude that two distinct signalling pathways – leaf autonomous signalling mostly dependent on blue light signalling and long‐distance signalling from mature leaves that sense high light and oxidative stress – control palisade tissue development in A. thaliana.
The overwintering strategy of the anholocyclic aphid Cinara tujafilina
Authors: Durak Roma 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe main strategy allowing aphids to survive winter is egg‐laying. However, anholocyclic species that breed parthenogenetically throughout the year are forced to overwinter as active morphs. Cinara tujafilina (del Guercio, 1909) (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea, Lachnidae) is an anholocyclic species infesting mainly the twigs of Thuja orientalis L. Laboratory and the field experiments reported in the present study contribute towards a description of the life strategy employed by this species in winter. In winter, C. tujafilina produces three to five generations that infest the roots of the host plant. During the growing season, nine or 10 generations that feed on the above‐ground parts of the plant are produced. The main factor that triggers C. tujafilina to change the feeding site is temperature. At 13 °C, aphids migrate from leaves to the main trunk. At 0 °C, first‐ and second‐stage nymphs descend underground and feed on roots. The developmental pattern of C. tujafilina on roots in winter shows that the growth, life span and fecundity of the winter generations do not differ significantly from the generations produced in spring and autumn. The third root‐infesting generation (G3) shows the highest developmental parameters, such as the highest fecundity, a longer reproduction period and no post‐reproduction, indicating the optimal adaptation to living in soil in winter. The life‐cycle strategy enables anholocyclic populations to survive winter and to infest plants very early in spring, which gives them an advantage over species that overwinter as eggs.