bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients’ Attitudes Towards Disclosure of Genetic Test Results to Family Members: The Impact of Patients’ Sociodemographic Background and Counseling Experience
Authors: Gilbar Roy , Shalev Stavit , Spiegel Ronen , Pras Elon , Berkenstadt Michal , Sagi Michal , Ben‐Yehuda Adi , Mor Pnina , Perry Shlomit , Zaccai Tzipora Falik , Borochowitz Zvi , Barnoy Sivia 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMany factors predict the intention to disclose genetic information to relatives. The article examines the impact of patients’ socio‐demographic factors on their intention to disclose genetic testing results to their relatives. Data were collected in eight genetic clinics in Israel. Patients were requested to fill in a questionnaire after counseling. A convenience sample of 564 participants who visited these clinics was collected for a response rate of 85 %. Of them, 282 participants came for susceptibility testing for hereditary cancers (cancer group), and 282 for genetic screening tests (prenatal group). In the cancer group, being secular and having more years of education correlated positively with the intention to disclose test results to relatives. In the prenatal group, being married and female correlated positively with the intention to disclose. In the cancer group, being religious and with less years of education correlated positively with the view that the clinician should deliver the results to the family. In the prenatal group, being male and unmarried correlated positively with this belief. In both groups, being of young age correlated with the perception that genetic information is private. Varied sociodemographic factors affect the intention to inform family members. Thus, knowing the social background of patients will shed light on people's attitudes to genetic information and will help clinicians provide effective counseling in discussions with patients about the implications of test results for relatives.
Long‐term dynamics of small fragmented forests inferred from patterns along a gradient of fragment sizes
Authors: Tomimatsu Hiroshi , Yamagishi Hiroki , Suzuki Satoshi N. , Sato Chihiro , Konno Yasuo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough forest fragmentation has wide‐ranging effects on remnant biota and ecosystem functions, the long‐term dynamics of fragmented forests is poorly understood. In 2011, we resurveyed eight fragments (0.3–8.5 ha) of a Japanese temperate deciduous forest, which was fragmented anthropogenically in the 1940s and 1950s and initially surveyed in 1999, to infer the long‐term dynamics of these forest fragments. We compared tree size distributions, aboveground biomass, and community composition over the 12‐year period between surveys. We also reconstructed the disturbance history using a dendroecological analysis of tree‐ring series. Smaller fragments had a lower density of large trees in 1999, and small‐scale disturbance events were estimated to be relatively frequent around the same time that the forest was fragmented. These results were consistent with the expectation that tree mortality would increase following fragmentation. While elevated tree mortality in the small fragments suggests a greater loss of biomass density compared with larger fragments, the aboveground biomass recovered more rapidly in the smaller fragments over the 12‐year census interval. However, some small fragments showed extraordinary rates of biomass increases, suggesting that they were not simply the result of a recovery from the fragmentation event, but also reflected recoveries from more recent disturbances. As a result, although the species composition of the smaller fragments approached that of the larger fragments over time, the density of large trees was still lower in the smaller fragments in 2011. Our results emphasize the need to consider such complex forest dynamics when predicting functional consequences of fragmentation.
Synthesis and Solution Properties of Carbohydrate‐Modified Polysiloxane Bola Surfactants
Authors: Zeng Xiaojun , Wang Hanghang , Chen Yanhong , Wang Liang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThree carbohydrate‐modified polysiloxane bola surfactants (ATPS‐GA) were synthesized using a two‐step method. Their chemical structures were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). Their surface properties and aggregation properties in aqueous solution were determined using surface tension measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Surface tension measurement results indicated that the three bola surfactants are under 25 mN m−1, and much lower than those of conventional hydrocarbon bola surfactants due to the siloxane moiety at the end of the hydrophobic chains. TEM analysis results indicated that the ATPS‐GA can self‐assemble into spherical micelles with a wide range of average diameters from 100 nm to above 600 nm.
The Long-Term Health Implications of Marital Disruption: Divorce, Work Limits, and Social Security Disability Benefits Among Men
Authors: Couch Kenneth A. , Tamborini Christopher R. , Reznik Gayle L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe provide new evidence on the long-term impact of divorce on work disability among U.S. men. Using data from the 2004 Survey of Income and Program Participation linked to U.S. Social Security Administration records, we assess the relationship between divorce and subsequent self-reports of work limitations and the receipt of federal disability benefits. The examination of self-reports and administrative records of medically qualified benefits provides dual confirmation of key relationships. We compare men who experienced a marital dissolution between 1975 and 1984 with continuously married men for 20 years following divorce using fixed-effects and propensity score matching models, and choose a sample to help control for selection into divorce. On average, we find that divorce is not associated with an increased probability of self-reported work limitations or receipt of disability benefits over the long run. However, among those who do not remarry, we do find that divorce increases men’s long-term probability of both self-reported work limitations and federal disability benefit receipt. Lack of marital resources may drive this relationship. Alternative estimates that do not control for selection into divorce demonstrate that selection bias can substantially alter findings regarding the relationship between marital status changes and subsequent health.
Unintended pregnancy among HIV‐positive pregnant women in Enugu, southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ezugwu Euzebus C. , Iyoke Chukwuemeka A. , Nkwo Peter O. , Ezegwui Hygenius U. , Akabueze Jude C. , Agu Polycap U. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and factors associated with unintended pregnancy among HIV‐positive pregnant women in Enugu, southeast Nigeria.MethodsA questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional study was performed of HIV‐positive pregnant women receiving prenatal care at two tertiary health institutions in Enugu between March 1 and August 31, 2012. The women were interviewed with a pretested questionnaire.ResultsOverall, 180 HIV‐positive pregnant women were recruited, 67 (37.2%) of whom declared that their pregnancy was unintended. Overall, 174 (96.7%) patients were receiving antiretroviral therapy and 99 (55.0%) had future fertility intensions. Participants with regular partners (married or cohabiting) had a significantly higher rate of unintended pregnancy than those with unstable partners (40.3%, n = 64/159 vs 14.3%, n = 3/21 P = 0.029). Age, parity, educational level, and current treatment with antiretroviral therapy did not significantly affect the prevalence of unintended pregnancy.ConclusionA substantial number of HIV‐positive pregnant women declared their pregnancies to be unintended. Modern contraceptives should be made readily available and accessible to HIV‐positive women to help eliminate mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV and subsequent new pediatric HIV infections.
Piriformis Syndrome With Variant Sciatic Nerve Anatomy: A Case Report
Authors: Kraus Emily , Tenforde Adam S. , Beaulieu Christopher F. , Ratliff John , Fredericson Michael 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA 68‐year‐old male long distance runner presented with low back and left buttock pain, which eventually progressed to severe and debilitating pain, intermittently radiating to the posterior thigh and foot. A comprehensive workup ruled out possible spine or hip causes of his symptoms. A pelvic magnetic resonance imaging neurogram with complex oblique planes through the piriformis demonstrated variant anatomy of the left sciatic nerve consistent with the clinical diagnosis of piriformis syndrome. The patient ultimately underwent neurolysis with release of the sciatic nerve and partial resection of the piriformis muscle. After surgery the patient reported significant pain reduction and resumed running 3 months later. Piriformis syndrome is uncommon but should be considered in the differential diagnosis for buttock pain. Advanced imaging was essential to guide management.
Thrombus Characteristics Are Related to Collaterals and Angioarchitecture in Acute Stroke
Authors: Qazi Emmad M. , Sohn Sung Il , Mishra Sachin , Almekhlafi Mohammed A. , Eesa Muneer , d’Esterre Christopher D. , Qazi Abdul A. , Puig Josep , Goyal Mayank , Demchuk Andrew M. , Menon Bijoy K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe have theorized that clots with stasis are longer. We therefore explored the relationship between thrombus imaging characteristics on noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with clot length and pial collaterals on baseline computed tomography angiography (CTA).MethodsProspective study of acute ischemic stroke patients (2005-2009) from Keimyung University. Patients with known stroke symptom onset time, baseline CTA, MRI, and with M1-Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)±intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusions were included. Clot length and pial collaterals were measured on baseline CTA.ResultsA total of 104 patients (mean age 65.1±12.28 years, 56.7% male, median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 13) with intracranial ICA + MCA (n=50) or isolated M1-MCA (n=54) occlusions were included. Hyperdense sign on NCCT had a median clot length of 42.3 mm versus 29.5 mm when hyperdense negative (p=0.02). Clots showing blooming artifact on gradient recall echo MRI had a median length of 39.1 mm versus 24.5 mm without blooming (p=0.005). Patients with poor baseline collaterals on CTA had longer clots than those with intermediate/good collaterals (median clot length 49.4 mm vs 34.9 mm vs 20.5 mm respectively, p<0.001). In censored logistic regression modeling, clot length was an independent predictor of hyperdense sign (p=0.05) and of the presence of blooming artifact (p=0.006).ConclusionsClot length and baseline collateral status are independent predictors of clot hyperdensity on NCCT and blooming artifact on gradient recall echo. Longer clots are more likely to be hyperdense and to bloom more, probably because portions of these clots are freshly formed locally due to of stasis of blood around the original clot. This stasis could be because of poor collaterals and inefficient angio-architecture within the cerebral arterial tree.
DOING (BETTER) WHAT COMES NATURALLY: ZAGZEBSKI ON RATIONALITY AND EPISTEMIC SELF-TRUST
Authors: Fricker Elizabeth 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTI offer an account of what trust is, and of what epistemic self-trust consists in. I identify five distinct arguments extracted from Chapter 2 of Zagzebski's Epistemic Authority for the rationality and epistemic legitimacy of epistemic self-trust. I take issue with the general account of human rational self-regulation on which one of her arguments rests. Zagzebski maintains that this consists in restoring harmony in the psyche by eliminating conflict and so ending ‘dissonance’. I argue that epistemic rationality is distinct from psychic mechanisms aimed at eliminating dissonance, and these two sometimes pull in opposed directions.
The long tail and rare disease research: the impact of next-generation sequencing for rare Mendelian disorders
Authors: SHEN TONY , LEE ARIEL , SHEN CAROL , LIN C.JIMMY 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThere are an estimated 6000–8000 rare Mendelian diseases that collectively affect 30 million individuals in the United States. The low incidence and prevalence of these diseases present significant challenges to improving diagnostics and treatments. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized research of rare diseases. This article will first comment on the effectiveness of NGS through the lens of long-tailed economics. We then provide an overview of recent developments and challenges of NGS-based research on rare diseases. As the quality of NGS studies improve and the cost of sequencing decreases, NGS will continue to make a significant impact on the study of rare diseases moving forward.
The archaeology of the Roman fullonica
Authors: Wilson Andrew 
Published: September 2015

In JRA 15 (2002) 20-44, M. Bradley argued that Roman fullers were not involved in the finishing of cloth as part of the textile-manufacturing process, but acted solely as commercial laundrymen; further, he questioned the archaeological evidence used to identify fulleries. His paper contains a number of misconceptions, especially in the use of archaeological evidence.Bradley attempts to argue that Roman fullers washed clothes, both new and worn, for other people, but that they did not form part of the manufacturing or finishing process of new goods before they were sold to the customer. I am not convinced that the evidence permits this conclusion, although I agree that service cleaning was an important part of their work. The nature of the genres of literary evidence surviving from antiquity is such that most writers would be unlikely to concern themselves with the place of fulling within the operations of textile-production and finishing; they are much more likely to refer to fulling in the context of operations more directly familiar to them or their readers, that is, the commercial cleaning aspect.Bradley writes (22):Diocletian's Prices Edict, with its individual pricings, certainly does not appeal to the logic of industrial wholesale; more likely, it was customary for an individual to purchase a rude uestimentum and then to put it through a series of ‘finishing’ services of his choice which included washing (and therefore initial shrinking of the fabric), combing, bleaching, dyeing and pressing (some or all of which were offered by the fullo).
More on the Hippodrome-Stadium of Caesarea Maritima: a response to the comments of Y. Porath
Authors: Patrich J. 
Published: September 2015

The Herodian multi-purpose entertainment structure under discussion is the earliest and largest of its kind to have been entirely excavated, and it will have far-reaching implications for our knowledge of the development of stadia and hippodromes at the transition between the Hellenistic and Roman worlds. The study and interpretation of its remains therefore deserve care and attention before definitive interpretations are presented and become ‘set in stone’. Unfortunately, Y. Porath's preceding remarks suggest that he will not change his ideas on the identification of the building. However, the chronology which I presented in JRA 14, different from the one he offered in his preliminary report in The Roman and Byzantine Near East (JRA Suppl. 14,1995) 15-27, is not a focus of his objections, and that is encouraging.To name the structure a circus, as Porath is doing, reflects a misconception. A U-shaped entertainment structure of moderate size like this one is a stadium, not a circus. But we are dealing with a special kind of stadium, wider and provided with permanent carceres for chariot races, thereby adapted to serve as a hippodrome. Stadia, Greek in origin, underwent a profound evolution in structure and function during the Hellenistic and Early Roman periods. Conceiving stadia in their Classical Greek forms leads Porath to deny the affiliation of the Herodian structure to Hellenistic/Early Roman stadia. On the other hand, the Circus Maximus, the archetype of Roman circuses, attained its definitive form only under Trajan.
Another view of the Pergamon divination kit
Authors: Gordon Richard 
Published: September 2015

It is very welcome that A. Mastrocinque (above) has re-opened the dossier relating to the Pergamon Zaubergerät, first published by R. Wünsch almost a century ago. The discovery in 1977 of a very similar ‘triangle’ in the Maison du Cerf at Apamea seemed to confirm Wünsch's account of the kit as the equipment required to perform a type of divination very similar to that described in Hilarius' confession relating to the seance of A.D. 371. My remarks are not directly concerned with the possible theurgic background of the Pergamon kit, though I admit I am rather sceptical of it. I wish rather to take the opportunity to reconsider the kit as a whole, in the light of the find from Apamea.The problem is easily outlined. Rhetorically, Wünsch's commentary leads up to a kind of revelation, the disclosure of the true sense of the kit as whole. In the last major section of his account, Wünsch discussed each object in turn, noting the use of similar objects in diverse magical contexts. For his interpretation the crucial apparatus was the inscribed disc, which has 24 fields in the three outer circles, that is, the number of letters in the Greek alphabet. That implied an alphabet-oracle, and it was then easy to point to Ammianus' already famous report. It is his story of the ‘wizard at work’ that caught the imagination of his readers, the story of the polished stones used as protective amulets, the ring hung from the nail over the circular disc, which was moved by the handle to create words or sentences from the signs inscribed on its surface. But if one looks closely at the disc, it is very difficult (indeed, in my view impossible) to credit that it could have served as an alphabet-oracle or anything similar. If so, does the disc belong to the triangular support at all? Can the other appliances be understood differently from the way Wünsch suggested? My argument is that we might read much of his own commentary as undercutting the final disclosure that depends so heavily on Hilarius, and that we should revert to his own initial conception of an ensemble, a group of instruments with a variety of ritual uses. Indeed, there are reasons for thinking that the individual items were not conceived as a group, but rather assembled over time from various sources as a collection. I incline to understand the ensemble as not so much a ‘kit’ as a rag-bag collection.
Le couronnement du rempart de Saint-Lézer (Castrum Bigorra) en Novempopulanie
Authors: Darles Christian , Badie Alain , Malmary Jean-Jacques 
Published: September 2015

Dans le département des Hautes-Pyrénées, le site de Saint-Lézer a livré plusieurs vestiges d'une vaste enceinte longue d'env. 950 m, construite à la fin de l'époque romaine. Certains de ces fragments permettent d'entrevoir quelques aspects les plus originaux de l'architecture des parties hautes du monument et de tenter de restituer, au-dessus du chemin de ronde, un parapet et ses traverses. Ce dispositif largement attesté par ailleurs dans le monde antique gréco-romain et qui a été récemment reconnu à Saint-Bertrand-de-Commiges semble donc avoir été également adopté par les bâtisseurs de l'antiquité tardive du piémont pyrénéen.Le site de Saint-Lézer se trouve à 18 km au nord de Tarbes, dans le département des Hautes-Pyrénées.Le site est établi au sommet d'une colline argileuse qui porte le nom évocateur deCastelbieilh(ouCastelvieilh: le vieux château). En forme d'éperon d'axe Nord-Sud, barré au Sud, il est occupé dès la fin de l'Age du Bronze et durant tout l'Âge du Fer. À l'époque romaine, la colline est dotée d'une vaste enceinte maçonnée longue d'environ 950 m dont il ne subsiste aujourd'hui que des fragments épars jonchant ses versants. Par la suite, approximativement un quart du site est réaménagé au Moyen-Âge: l'on y implante alors une motte castrale désignée sous le nom deTuco.
Response to the comments of B. Bergmann and C. H. Hallett (JRA14, 56-57 and 414-16)
Authors: Tybout Rolf 
Published: September 2015

My article on Roman wall-painting and social significance (JRA14, 33-56) provoked two immediate reactions. I would like to show that both scholars misinterpreted my argument and intentions.Bergmarm's views are compatible in all respects with mine expressed in my article. In two introductory sections (33-42) I drew attention to some major misunderstandings and misrepresentations of the chronological model of Roman wall-painting developed by H. G. Beyen by scholars who have recently focused on paintings in their spatial and social context. B. agrees “that we lose much by neglecting the contributions of 19th- and 20th-c. scholars”. Presumably she took offence at what she calls my “ad hominemrecriminations” In order to state my argument clearly, I quoted from several recent studies, mentioning their authors and places of publication. I pointed out as straightforwardly as possible that some of their views expressed are demonstrably untenable or, in some cases, not as innovative as suggested. This was done not to incriminate the authors but to bring some clarity in a discussion which risks becoming embroiled. Unfortunately, Bergmann does not question the validity of any of my specific “recriminations”, limiting herself to some general observations.She defines as my “main concern (…) that current scholars do not find Beyen's methods (and [my] own) worth emulating”, and prefer to employ other approaches “looking at paintings within larger ensembles and spatial networks” which “might shed some light on the rooms they embellished”. Nothing is less true. I agree with her that scholars understandably “find the search for and understanding of these relationships as appealing as attempting to validateStufeC ofPhaseI of Beyen's Second Style” — I would say “far more appealing” That is the reason why I relegated that specific validation to an Appendix (53-56), in spite of the perspectives it opens up for social history (56), and devoted my main section (42-53; discussed neither by Bergmann or Hallett) to the study of wall-painting in its spatial and social dimensions (cf. alsoJRA9 [1996] esp. 366-74). Moreover, I stressed that “the basic concepts underlying this [new] line of research are sound and stimulating” (34); that “any comprehensive account of Roman wall-painting should transcend the level of specialists' chronological ‘finger-exercises’ and encompass the synchronic dimension”; that “actually, this is acommunis opinioby now, and rightly so” (36); and that the contributions of social historians able “to introduce more appropriate and refined concepts and vocabulary … can only be welcomed” (42). My real concern in sections 1 and 2 was to counter the current trend to ‘throw out the baby with the bath-water’, i.e., the diachronic with the synchronic dimension, since “a sound functional model of Roman wall-painting cannot dispense with careful attention to diachronic developments in both form and style” (36).