bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review article: drug‐induced liver injury in clinical practice
Authors: Björnsson E. 
Published: October 2015

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 3–13SummaryBackground  Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is an important differential diagnosis in many patients in clinical hepatology. DILI is the leading cause of acute liver failure and is an important safety issue when new drugs are developed.Aims  To provide a review of the recent data on DILI with particular focus on the most common and relevant issues seen in clinical practice.Methods  A Medline search was undertaken to identify relevant literature using search terms including ‘drug‐induced liver injury’ and ‘hepatotoxicity’.Results  The true incidence of DILI remains unknown but incidence up to 14 cases per 100 000 inhabitants and year has been reported. Antibiotics, analgesics and NSAIDs are the most common drugs causing liver injury. Idiosyncratic DILI has been shown to have a dose‐dependent component and drugs without significant hepatic metabolism rarely cause DILI. Chronic elevation in liver enzymes can develop after DILI but this is rarely associated with clinical morbidity or mortality.Conclusions  Drug‐induced liver injury remains a diagnostic challenge. Multicentre studies and international collaborative work with well‐characterized patients will increase our understanding of liver injury associated with drugs. New therapies for acute liver failure resulting from drugs are needed.
Observer prediction of HER2 amplification in HercepTest 2+ breast cancers as a potential audit instrument
Authors: Going James J 
Published: October 2015

Going J J (2011) Histopathology59, 333–335Observer prediction of HER2 amplification in HercepTest 2+ breast cancers as a potential audit instrumentAims:  Correct assignment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in breast cancer is important. Indeterminate (2+) HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is usually resolved by FISH for HER2 gene amplification. It was hypothesised that predicting HER2 amplification in IHC 2+ cases could improve audit of HER2 IHC and its interpretation.Methods and results:  One observer (J. J. G.) interpreted 4343 assessable HercepTests on consecutive breast cancers from the West of Scotland over 45 consecutive months during 2007–2010, with 2+ cases classified prospectively as ‘probably amplified’, ‘possibly amplified’ or ‘probably not amplified’ prior to FISH. A HER2 to chromosome 17 FISH ratio >2 was taken to define HER2 amplification. There were 265 3+ cases (6.1%) and 883 2+ cases (20.3%). Of 187 ‘probably amplified’ 2+ cases, 166 (88.8%) were amplified, as were 90 (37.8%) of 238 ‘possibly amplified’ 2+ cases. Of 458 ‘probably not amplified’ but still 2+ cases, 59 (12.8%) were in fact amplified (overall χ2 333.89, df 2, P < 0.0001). In total, 580 of 4343 (13.4%) cancers were HER2‐positive (265 3+ by IHC and 315 2+ and HER2 amplified).Conclusions:  Breast cancers HER2‐indeterminate (2+) by HercepTest IHC can be strongly separated into those probably HER2 amplified, a core indeterminate group and those probably not HER2 amplified. The percentage of HER2 amplified cases in each category is proposed as an instrument for comparison of HER2 IHC and its interpretation between laboratories and observers.
Phospholipase A2 group IIA expression correlates with prolonged survival in gastric cancer
Authors: Xing Xiao‐Fang , Li Hong , Zhong Xi‐Yao , Zhang Lian‐Hai , Wang Xiao‐Hong , Liu Yi‐Qiang , Jia Shu‐Qin , Shi Tao , Niu Zhao‐Jian , Peng Yong , Du Hong , Zhang Gui‐Guo , Hu Ying , Lu Ai‐Ping , Li Ji‐You , Chen She , Ji Jia‐Fu 
Published: October 2015

Xing X‐F, Li H, Zhong X‐Y, Zhang L‐H, Wang X‐H, Liu Y‐Q, Jia S‐Q, Shi T, Niu Z‐J, Peng Y, Du H, Zhang G‐G, Hu Y, Lu A‐P, Li J‐Y, Chen S & Ji J‐F  (2011) Histopathology59, 198–206Phospholipase A2 group IIA expression correlates with prolonged survival in gastric cancerAims:  The secreted phospholipase A2 type IIA (PLA2G2A) gene has been identified as a modifier of intestinal adenoma multiplicity in ApcMin/+ mice. The aim of the present study was to analyse the clinical significance of PLA2G2A expression in human gastric cancer.Methods and results:  Using immunohistochemistry, cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of PLA2G2A was observed in 27% (40 of 149) of gastric cancer tissues compared with negative staining in normal mucosa. The PLA2G2A expression rate in well‐differentiated carcinoma was elevated significantly compared with that in poorly differentiated carcinoma (46% versus 19%, P = 0.001). Statistical analysis also revealed that PLA2G2A expression correlated negatively with depth of mural invasion, lymph node metastasis and tumour–node–metastasis (TNM) stage (P < 0.05). Patients with positive PLA2G2A expression showed higher 5‐year overall survival than those with negative expression (P = 0.0004). In intestinal metaplasia, PLA2G2A was found to be abundant in Paneth cells. The coexistence of PLA2G2A and lysozyme was observed in Paneth cell‐rich gastric cancer (P < 0.0001).Conclusions:  PLA2G2A may predict survival and might be a potential biomarker for early detection and individualized therapy.
Expression of class 3 semaphorins and their receptors in human breast neoplasia
Authors: Staton Carolyn A , Shaw Lucy A , Valluru Manoj , Hoh Leslie , Koay Ivan , Cross Simon S , Reed Malcolm W , Brown Nicola J 
Published: October 2015

Staton C A, Shaw L A, Valluru M, Hoh L, Koay I, Cross S S, Reed M W & Brown N J (2011) Histopathology59, 274–282Expression of class 3 semaphorins and their receptors in human breast neoplasiaAims:  This study aimed to identify the involvement of class 3 semaphorins (Sema3) and receptors, neuropilins (Np1 and Np2) and plexins (A1–A4) in breast cancer development and angiogenesis.Methods and results:  We quantified and correlated Sema3A, Sema3B, Sema3F and their known receptors and coreceptors Plexin‐A1, Plexin‐A3, Np1 and Np2 in sections of normal human breast, benign and pre‐malignant hyperplastic tissue, pre‐invasive and invasive cancer, and compared these findings with our previously published data on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) in the same samples. Histological analysis revealed that Sema3B was expressed more strongly and widely than Sema3A and 3F in normal breast tissue and all three semaphorins decreased with the transition from in situ to invasive cancer (P < 0.014). Plexin‐A3 decreased significantly with progression towards invasive cancer (P < 0.045), whereas Plexin‐A1 expression was only significantly reduced once invasion had occurred (P = 0.012). Np1 and Np2 were expressed in both endothelial and epithelial/tumour cells. Np2 expression did not change, but Np1 expression significantly increased in the spectrum from hyperplasia to ductal carcinoma in situ (P < 0.035), but decreased with invasive cancer.Conclusion:  These data suggest that a decrease in class 3 semaphorin and their plexin receptors have some relationship with disease progression in ductal breast carcinoma.
Pemphigus vulgaris is the most common autoimmune bullous disease in Northwestern Romania
Authors: Baican Adrian , Baican Corina , Chiriac Gabriela , Chiriac Mircea T. , Macovei Victorina , Zillikens Detlef , Ciuce Dorina , Sitaru Cassian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground Autoimmune bullous diseases are organ‐specific diseases characterized by autoreactive T and B cells specific for structural proteins of the skin. The incidence and prevalence of autoimmune blistering diseases vary in different countries and their epidemiology has not yet been addressed in Romania.Methods In this study between 2001 and 2007, we prospectively investigated a total of 116 patients with autoimmune blistering diseases from the Northwestern region of Romania. The diagnosis was based on the clinical, histo‐ and immunohistological as well as serological findings.Results Pemphigus was the most common disease representing 58.6% of the case (68 cases); 40 cases (34.5%) were diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid (BP) and eight cases (6.9%) with other autoimmune sub‐epidermal diseases. The incidence and prevalence of pemphigus diseases were four patients/1 000 000 inhabitants/year and 0.00248%, respectively. BP occurred in 2.5/1 000 000 inhabitants/year and its prevalence was 0.00146%. While the average onset age for pemphigus vulgaris was 53 years, BP patients were first diagnosed at a mean age of 73.6 years.Conclusion The genetic background of the local population may explain why pemphigus occurs more commonly than BP in Northwestern Romania compared with the population of Western Europe. In addition, the shorter life expectancy in Romania (71.3 years) compared with Western Europe (>80 years) may contribute to this phenomenon.
FAS, FAS ligand, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and macrophages in malignant melanoma: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Bozdogan Nazan , Bozdogan Önder , Pak Işın , Atasoy Pınar 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground  FAS and its ligand, FASL, have important roles in the neoplasia‐immunity relationship. In melanoma, the importance of FAS and FASL remains controversial, despite a group of studies. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the distribution of FAS/FASL in melanotic lesions and to investigate the correlation between tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages.Methods  Ten intra‐dermal nevi, 12 primary malignant melanoma, and eight skin and 15 lymph node metastases were included in this study. FAS and FASL were studied in all of the groups using classical labeled streptavidin‐biotin immunohistochemical method. Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte status and macrophage number demonstrated by CD68 immunostain were also evaluated in primary melanoma and skin metastases.Results  FAS positivity was detected in all of the cases. FASL expressions were seen in 60% of the intra‐dermal nevus and in all of the other groups. There were significant differences in FASL between nevus and primary melanoma, nevus and skin metastasis, and nevus and lymph node metastasis. There were strong positive correlations between FAS expression and intra‐neoplastic macrophage score and between FASL and density of lymphocyte infiltration in skin metastases.Conclusion  Although FAS and FASL expression is a constant feature of melanotic lesions, its diagnostic importance is very limited because of the different results obtained in the past studies. The correlation between FAS status and macrophage number and between FASL status and lymphocyte number in skin metastasis but not in primary lesions might point to diverse FAS/FASL interaction between neoplastic cells and macrophages in the different microenvironments.
Ovarian morphology and prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in reproductive aged women with or without mild acne
Authors: Kelekci Kıymet Handan , Kelekci Sefa , Incki Kuntay , Ozdemir Orcun , Yilmaz Bulent 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground  Acne and hirsutism are common manifestations of hyperandrogenemia. They may also be a sign of underlying severe diseases.Aim  To compare ovarian morphology and prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in reproductive aged women with or without mild acne and hirsutism.Methods  52 women with mild acne and 59 age‐matched controls were included in this study. Main outcome measures were the prevalence of PCOS, ovarian morphology, and ovarian stromal thickness in both groups, and acne and hirsutism subgroups. Patients in both groups were taking no hormonal therapy at that time. Androgen profiles were compared between the two groups.Results  The prevalence of PCOS was 17.1% (19/111) in all women included in this study. In the acne group, the prevalence of PCOS was 26.9% (14/52), and significantly more prevalent than in control group [8.4% (5/59), P = 0.001]. Total ovarian volume was significantly larger and stromal thickness of the ovary was thicker in women with acne than women without acne. There were no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and 17‐hydroxyprogesterone, respectively, while serum total testosterone levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in women with acne than those women in the control group.Conclusions  Acne and hirsutism may not only cause cosmetic concern but may also be a sign of underlying PCOS. Therefore, women presenting with acne and/or hirsutism should be evaluated in terms of PCOS.
Interferon‐induced vitiligo in hepatitis C patients: a case series
Authors: Hamadah Issam , Binamer Yousef , Sanai Faisal M. , Abdo Ayman A. , Alajlan Abdulmajeed 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground  Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by depigmented patches and macules. It is associated with many autoimmune diseases, the most common of which is thyroid disease. The association between Interferon (IFN) therapy and vitiligo is rarely reported in the literature, despite its common usage in hepatitis B viral infection, hepatitis C viral infection (HCV), hematological malignancies and melanoma.Case  We are reporting eight cases of vitiligo that appeared after treating HCV with IFN.Conclusion  Interferon unmasks vitiligo in susceptible individuals.
Prognostic significance of recurrent grade 1B rejection in the first year after pediatric cardiac transplantation: A case for reinstatement of the 1B rejection grade
Authors: Feingold Brian , Irving Claire , Tatum Gregory H. , Webber Steven A. 
Published: October 2015

Feingold B, Irving C, Tatum GH, Webber SA. Prognostic significance of recurrent grade 1B rejection in the first year after pediatric cardiac transplantation: A case for reinstatement of the 1B rejection grade. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 589–593. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The 2005 ISHLT rejection grading system merged grades 1A, 1B, and 2 into a single grade (1R) assuming equivalent prognostic significance. We hypothesized that recurrent 1B ACR is associated with adverse outcomes. Data on all heart transplant recipients at our center from 1990 to 2007 were reviewed. Patients were excluded if they had more than one grade ≥3A/2R biopsy in the first six wk or any grade ≥3A/2R biopsies during the first year thereafter. Patients with ≥2 grade 1B biopsies from six wk to one yr were classified as “recurrent 1B.” Outcomes were freedom from late (greater than one yr) ACR (grade ≥3A/2R), CAD, retransplantation/death, and a composite end‐point. Sixty‐two patients (53 non‐recurrent 1B, nine recurrent 1B) met inclusion criteria. In univariate analyses, recurrent 1B status was associated with decreased freedom from late ACR (p < 0.001), CAD (p = 0.004), and the composite outcome (p < 0.001). There was no difference in freedom from retransplantation/death (p = 0.48). After controlling for demographic differences between the groups, recurrent 1B status was independently associated with late ACR (HR 5.90; p = 0.002) and the composite outcome (HR 4.52; p = 0.002). These data suggest that further study of the impact of removal of the 1B classification from the ISHLT grading scheme is warranted.
The role of interleukin‐6, endothelins, and apoptotic genes in small bowel transplantation, in a swine model of ischemia and reperfusion injury
Authors: de Pinho‐Apezzato Maria Lúcia , Maksoud‐Filho João Gilberto , Valinetti Emília Aparecida , Santos Maria Mercês , Tannuri Ana Cristina Aoun , Mello Evandro Sobroza , Silva Luiz Fernando , de Mendonça Coelho Maria Cecília , Gibelli Nelson Elias Mendes , Rocha Rafael Malagoli , Nonogaki Suely , Guimarães Raimundo Renato Nunes , Tannuri Uenis 
Published: October 2015

de Pinho‐Apezzato ML, Maksoud‐Filho JG, Valinetti EA, Santos MM, Tannuri ACA, Mello ES, Silva LF, de Mendonça Coelho MC, Gibelli NEM, Rocha RM, Nonogaki S, Guimarães RRN, Tannuri U. The role of interleukin‐6, endothelins, and apoptotic genes in small bowel transplantation, in a swine model of ischemia and reperfusion injury. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 617–627. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  IRI is closely related to sepsis in ITx setting. Complete understanding of the mechanisms involved in IRI development may improve outcomes. Ortothopic ITx without immunosuppression was performed in order to characterize IRI‐associated mucosal damage. Twenty pigs underwent ITx. Two groups were assigned to different CI times: G1: 90 min and, G2: 180 min. Euro‐Collins was used as preservation solution. Jejunal fragments were collected at donor laparotomy, 30 min, and 3 days after reperfusion. IRI assessment involved: histopathologic analysis, quantification of MPO‐positive cells through immunohistochemical studies, quantification of epithelial apoptotic cells using TUNEL staining, and quantification of IL‐6, ET‐1, Bak, and Bcl‐XL genes expression by RT‐PCR. Neutrophilic infiltration increased in a similar fashion in both groups, but lasted longer in G2. Apoptosis detected by TUNEL staining increased and anti‐apoptotic gene Bcl‐XL expression decreased significantly in G1, 3 days after surgery. Endothelin‐1 and IL‐6 genes expression increased 30 min after the procedure and returned to baseline 3 days after surgery. In conclusion, IL‐6 and ET‐1 are involved precociously in the development of intestinal IRI. Apoptosis was more frequently detected in G1 grafts by TUNEL‐staining and by RT‐PCR.
Use of annual ABPM, and repeated carotid scan and echocardiography to monitor cardiovascular health over nine yr in pediatric and young adult renal transplant recipients
Authors: Balzano Rita , Lindblad Ylva Tranæus , Vavilis Georgios , Jogestrand Tomas , Berg Ulla B. , Krmar Rafael T. 
Published: October 2015

Balzano R, Lindblad YT, Vavilis G, Jogestrand T, Berg UB, Krmar RT. Use of annual ABPM, and repeated carotid scan and echocardiography to monitor cardiovascular health over nine yr in pediatric and young adult renal transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 635–641. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  In adult hypertensive patients, increased cIMT and LVH are independent risk factors for cardiovascular events. We have previously observed that in pediatric RTRs with tight control of BP, cIMT did not progress over time. This investigation is an extension of the aforementioned study aimed at re‐examining cIMT and also reporting serial echocardiography results. Twenty‐two RTRs aged 9.4 ± 3.3 yr at their baseline carotid scan underwent two additional vascular ultrasounds during a follow‐up of 9.1 ± 0.9 yr. Carotid scan and echocardiography examinations were carried out simultaneously with ABPM. Antihypertensive therapy was determined according to the recipient’s ABPM results, which were performed at yearly intervals. Baseline cIMT was significantly greater in RTRs than in healthy controls. There was no statistical evidence of systematic changes in cIMT over time. At the last examination, 14 of 17 RTRs with treated hypertension had controlled hypertension (prevalence 82%; 95% CI, 56.5–96.2), and the overall prevalence of LVH was 4.5% (95% CI, −0.01 to 23.5). The lack of progression of cIMT over time and the low prevalence of LVH might reflect the effect of long‐standing BP control.
What is the role of risk‐adjusted funnel plots in the analysis of radical cystectomy volume–outcome relationships?
Authors: Mayer Erik K. , Bottle Alex , Aylin Paul , Darzi Ara W. , Vale Justin A. , Athanasiou Thanos 
Published: October 2015

Study Type – Therapy (outcomes research)Level of Evidence 2bWhat’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?The use of funnel plots has helped to overcome the limitations and risks of ranking surgical performance. The case for a more widespread application of funnel plots in assessing and reporting performance in surgery has been made. No study has previously published a funnel plot analysis of outcomes for radical cystectomy in England.No Trust, using the final complex model for risk‐adjustment, can be confidently said to have a performance worse than the national average for both mortality and re‐intervention rates following radical cystectomy. Funnel plots act as a complementary method of validating volume‐outcome data by displaying disaggregated outcomes at a provider level and reduce the opportunity for spurious labelling of outliers.OBJECTIVE• To explore whether risk‐adjusted funnel plots are a useful adjunct to analyse volume–outcome data and to further facilitate our understanding of institutional performance data by combining funnel‐plot methodology with an incremental statistical modelling approach.PATIENTS AND METHODS• Risk‐adjusted funnel plots were generated for mortality and re‐intervention rates after elective radical cystectomy using administrative data from NHS Hospital Trusts between 2000/01 and 2006/07. Trusts were divided into volume tertiles based on their average annual cystectomy rate.• A funnel plot was produced for each of the following four incremental statistical models: model one (no adjustment), model two (adjusted for patient case mix variables), model three (case mix and ‘clustering’ of patients) and model four (additional adjustment for institutional structural and process‐of‐care variables).RESULTS• In the final complex model (model four), no Trusts had abnormally high mortality or re‐intervention rates.• Comparison of the funnel plots showed the importance of adjusting for certain confounding factors, such as the surgeon, at the institutional level, before they could be labelled as having truly outlying performance.CONCLUSION• Risk‐adjusted funnel plots have a useful role to play as a component of a methodological framework for investigating the volume–outcome relationship at the institutional level. They can act as a complementary method of validating data by displaying disaggregated outcomes at provider level and account for unmeasured confounders, so reducing the opportunity for spurious labelling of outliers.
Assessing the Value Relevance of Accounting Data After the Introduction of IFRS in Europe
Authors: Devalle Alain , Onali Enrico , Magarini Riccardo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSince 2005, European‐listed companies have been required to prepare their consolidated financial statements in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). We examine whether value relevance increased following the introduction of IFRS, using a sample of 3,721 companies listed on five European stock exchanges: Frankfurt, Madrid, Paris, London, and Milan. We find mixed evidence of an increase in value relevance. However, the influence of earnings on share price increased following the introduction of IFRS in Germany, France, and the United Kingdom, while the influence of book value of equity decreased (except for the United Kingdom).
Accounting for Employee Stock Options: What Can We Learn from the Market's Perceptions?
Authors: Bagna Emanuel , Bini Mauro , Bird Ron , Momentè Francesco , Reggiani Francesco 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe scope of this is paper is to provide new empirical evidence on the value relevance of employee stock options (ESOs) in Europe. We show, empirically, that the market participants when pricing a firm's equity place approximately the same valuation weights on the ESO‐deferred compensation expense (the so called “ESO asset”) and the compensation option liability (the so called “ESO liability”). Our empirical findings support the theoretical work of Ohlson and Penman who suggest that the deferred compensation expense be treated as a contra‐liability. The second contribution of our work rests on the nature of the ESO expense. We show that the distinction between persistent and non‐persistent ESO expenses is of critical importance for the market participants. Accordingly, an improved accounting disclosure should assist the investors in assessing the long‐term goals of the ESO plans at the firm level.