bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality improvement process to assess tattoo alignment, set‐up accuracy and isocentre reproducibility in pelvic radiotherapy patients
Authors: Elsner Kelly , Francis Kate , Hruby George , Roderick Stephanie 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIntroductionThis quality improvement study tested three methods of tattoo alignment and isocentre definition to investigate if aligning lateral tattoos to minimise pitch, roll and yaw decreased set‐up error, and if defining the isocentre using the lateral tattoos for cranio‐caudal (CC) position improved isocentre reproducibility. The study population was patients receiving curative external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer. The results are applicable to all supine pelvic EBRT patients.MethodsThe three sequential cohorts recruited 11, 11 and 10 patients respectively. A data set of 20 orthogonal pairs of electronic portal images (EPI) was acquired for each patient. EPIs were matched offline to digitally reconstructed radiographs. In cohort 1, lateral tattoos were adjusted to minimise roll. The anterior tattoo was used to define the isocentre. In cohort 2, lateral tattoos were aligned to minimise roll and yaw. Isocentre was defined as per cohort 1. In cohort 3, lateral tattoos were aligned as per cohort 2 and the anterior tattoo was adjusted to minimise pitch. Isocentre was defined by the lateral tattoos for CC position and the anterior tattoo for the left–right position.ResultsCohort 3 results were superior as CC systematic and random set‐up errors reduced from −1.3 mm to −0.5 mm, and 3.1 mm to 1.4 mm respectively, from cohort 1 to cohort 3. Isocentre reproducibility also improved from 86.7% to 92.1% of treatment isocentres within 5 mm of the planned isocentre.ConclusionThe methods of tattoo alignment and isocentre definition in cohort 3 reduced set‐up errors and improved isocentre reproducibility.
Reflecting on reviewing: Applying conflict management research
Authors: Tjosvold Dean 
Published: November 2014

SummaryReviewing manuscripts is vital for developing knowledge and promoting the capabilities of researchers. This article uses conflict management research to examine the opportunities and obstacles in making reviewing constructive for the field and for individual researchers. Although dissensus has been thought to reflect how individual biases and organizational dynamics frustrate reviewing, research suggests that when, discussed open‐mindedly, conflicts can stimulate effective reviewing. Research on open‐mindedness provides guidance for how researchers, editors, and referees can voice their conflicts and integrate their ideas to make high quality decisions and learn. However, current practices make it challenging to manage conflict openly and constructively. Fostering open‐minded discussion among researchers, editors, and referees could be an important component in making traditional and new forms of reviewing effective. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic variation in inflammatory and bone turnover pathways and risk of osteolytic responses to prosthetic materials
Authors: MacInnes Scott J. , Vescovo Elena Del , Kiss‐Toth Endre , Ollier William E.R. , Kay Peter R. , Gordon Andrew , Greenfield Edward M. , Wilkinson Mark J. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTWear particle‐induced inflammatory bone loss (osteolysis) is the leading cause of total hip arthroplasty (THA) failure. Individual susceptibility to osteolysis is modulated by genetic variation. In this 2‐stage case‐control association study we examined whether variation within candidate genes in inflammatory and bone turnover signaling pathways associates with susceptibility to osteolysis and time to prosthesis failure. We examined two cohorts, comprising 758 (347 male) Caucasian subjects who had undergone THA with a metal on polyethylene bearing couple; 315 of whom had developed osteolysis. Key genes within inflammatory, bone resorption, and bone formation pathways were screened for common variants by pairwise‐SNP tagging using a 2‐stage association analysis approach. In the discovery cohort four SNPs within RANK, and one each within KREMEN2, OPG, SFRP1, and TIRAP (p < 0.05) were associated with osteolysis susceptibility. Two SNPs within LRP6, and one each within LRP5, NOD2, SOST, SQSTM1, TIRAP, and TRAM associated with time to implant failure (p < 0.05). Meta‐analysis of the two cohorts identified four SNPs within RANK, and one each within KREMEN2, OPG, SFRP1, and TIRAP associated with osteolysis susceptibility (p < 0.05). Genetic variation within inflammatory signaling and bone turnover pathways may play a role in susceptibility to osteolysis. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:193–198, 2015.
Torsional osteotomies of the femur
Authors: Dickschas Jörg , Harrer Jörg , Reuter Benoit , Schwitulla Judith , Strecker Wolf 
Published: November 2014

AbstractVarious pathologies of the hip or knee, such as patellofemoral malalignment or femoroacetabular impingement may be caused by a femoral torsional deformity. When diagnosed and analyzed, it is treated by femoral torsional osteotomy. Thirty femoral torsional osteotomies in 25 patients were included, the principal symptoms were patellar dislocation in 15 patients, anterior knee pain in 17, and femoroacetabular impingement in two. A computed‐tomography‐based measurement of the torsional angle was performed in all patients. Japanese Knee Society score, Tegner activity score, Lysholm score, and visual analog scale score were determined before surgery and at follow‐up after 41 (6–113) months. Femoral internal torsion was on average 40.9° (29° − 66°; normal 24°). Surgical treatment consisted of a femoral external torsional osteotomy of on average 13.8° (5° − 26°). Tegner activity score increased non‐significantly (p‐value 0.326) from 3.57 to 3.71. Japanese Knee Society score improved significantly from 72 to 87 (p‐value 0.004) while Lysholm score rose significantly from 66 to 84 points (p‐value 0.004). Pain relief was demonstrated by a significant decrease in the VAS score from 5.6 to 2.4 (p‐value 0.007). No further patellar dislocation was reported. Torsional deformities of the femur frequently cause symptoms in the knee or hip joint. After thorough assessment and diagnostic investigation, a femoral external torsional osteotomy provides significant pain relief as well as patellofemoral stability. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:???–???, 2015.
Efficient Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion using Spinach Photosystem II (PSII) in Lipid Multilayer Films
Authors: Zhang Yun , Magdaong Nikki M. , Shen Min , Frank Harry A. , Rusling James F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe need for clean, renewable energy has fostered research into photovoltaic alternatives to silicon solar cells. Pigment–protein complexes in green plants convert light energy into chemical potential using redox processes that produce molecular oxygen. Here, we report the first use of spinach protein photosystem II (PSII) core complex in lipid films in photoelectrochemical devices. Photocurrents were generated from PSII in a ∼2 μm biomimetic dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) film on a pyrolytic graphite (PG) anode with PSII embedded in multiple lipid bilayers. The photocurrent was ∼20 μA cm−2 under light intensity 40 mW cm−2. The PSII–DMPC anode was used in a photobiofuel cell with a platinum black mesh cathode in perchloric acid solution to give an output voltage of 0.6 V and a maximum output power of 14 μW cm−2. Part of this large output is related to a five‐unit anode–cathode pH gradient. With catholytes at higher pH or no perchlorate, or using an MnO2 oxygen‐reduction cathode, the power output was smaller. The results described raise the possibility of using PSII–DMPC films in small portable power conversion devices.
Issues Related with Pot Life Extension for Hydroxyl‐Terminated Polybutadiene‐Based Solid Propellant Binder System
Authors: Sekkar V. , Raunija Thakur Sudesh Kumar 
Published: November 2014

AbstractExtension of the pot life for hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based propellant binder systems was attempted through employing a bicurative system comprising of toluene‐di‐isocyanate (TDI) and isophorone‐di‐isocyanate (IPDI). Pot life characteristics were studied through evaluating curing kinetics for the HTPB‐bicurative binder formulations. Curing kinetics were studied through viscosity buildup during the cure reaction and estimation of the rate constants for viscosity build‐up. Introduction of IPDI slowed down the curing process, but at the same time, has not adversely affected the mechanical characteristics. One of the discouraging factors in adopting IPDI as curative is the poor interface characteristics between liner and insulator of the solid propellant grains, and it has been proposed that the root cause for the same is the permeation of IPDI through the insulator. Quantification of such permeation was attempted from the numerical values for cross‐link density evaluated for various binder compositions. Remedy for poor interface characteristics is suggested in this study.
Enzymatic formation of a resorcylic acid by creating a structure‐guided single‐point mutation in stilbene synthase
Authors: Bhan Namita , Li Lingyun , Cai Chao , Xu Peng , Linhardt Robert J. , Koffas Mattheos A. G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA novel C17 resorcylic acid was synthesized by a structure‐guided Vitis vinifera stilbene synthase (STS) mutant, in which threonine 197 was replaced with glycine (T197G). Altering the architecture of the coumaroyl binding and cyclization pocket of the enzyme led to the attachment of an extra acetyl unit, derived from malonyl‐CoA, to p‐coumaroyl‐CoA. The resulting novel pentaketide can be produced strictly by STS‐like enzymes and not by Chalcone synthase‐like type III polyketide synthases; due to the unique thioesterase like activity of STS‐like enzymes. We utilized a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry‐based data analysis approach to directly compare the reaction products of the mutant and wild type STS. The findings suggest an easy to employ platform for precursor‐directed biosynthesis and identification of unnatural polyketides by structure‐guided mutation of STS‐like enzymes.
Exchange bias induced after zero‐field cooling in antiperovskite compounds Ga1–xNMn3+x
Authors: Lin J. C. , Tong P. , Cui D. P. , Yang C. , Lin S. , Lu W. J. , Wang B. S. , Zhao B. C. , Sun Y. P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractZero‐field cooling (ZFC) exchange bias (EB) was observed in antiperovskite compounds Ga1–xNMn3+x (x = 0.06 and 0.1). The existence of ferromagnetic (FM) clusters has been demonstrated in a spin glass (SG) matrix. The ZFC‐EB is suggested to originate from the unidirectional anisotropy formed isothermally along the FM/SG interface. For this typical physical system, both ways including the initial magnetization process and FC process could result in the unidirectional anisotropy. In addition, the training effect after ZFC is similar to those observed in conventional FC‐EB systems.
“Carioca Wave” – A free‐form steel‐and‐glass canopy in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Helbig Thorsten , Giampellegrini Laurent , Oppe Matthias 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe elegant free‐form steel‐and‐glass canopy covers the atrium of the redevelopment of the “CasaShopping” luxury home furnishings centre in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The eye‐catching sculptural shape of the canopy is inspired by the ocean waves of the nearby seaside of Barra di Tijuca. The “Carioca Wave” rises out of a pool at ground level and arches over the atrium to provide a link between the shops and the main entrance at the lower level. The complex geometry of the structure places high demands on construction. The high‐precision node‐beam system was prefabricated in Europe in order to allow fast and simple assembly and erection on site. The free‐form steel‐and‐glass structure – one of the first of its kind in South America – was developed in a collaborative design‐and‐build project between architect Nir Sivan (Rome, Italy), special contractor se‐austria (Schoerfling, Austria) and Knippers Helbig advanced engineering (Stuttgart, Germany).
n‐3 PUFA Esterified to Glycerol or as Ethyl Esters Reduce Non‐Fasting Plasma Triacylglycerol in Subjects with Hypertriglyceridemia: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Hedengran Anne , Szecsi Pal B. , Dyerberg Jørn , Harris William S. , Stender Steen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTo date, treatment of hypertriglyceridemia with long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA) has been investigated solely in fasting and postprandial subjects. However, non‐fasting triacylglycerols are more strongly associated with risk of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of long‐chain n‐3 PUFA on non‐fasting triacylglycerol levels and to compare the effects of n‐3 PUFA formulated as acylglycerol (AG‐PUFA) or ethyl esters (EE‐PUFA). The study was a double‐blinded randomized placebo‐controlled interventional trial, and included 120 subjects with non‐fasting plasma triacylglycerol levels of 1.7–5.65 mmol/L (150–500 mg/dL). The participants received approximately 3 g/day of AG‐PUFA, EE‐PUFA, or placebo for a period of eight weeks. The levels of non‐fasting plasma triacylglycerols decreased 28 % in the AG‐PUFA group and 22 % in the EE‐PUFA group (P < 0.001 vs. placebo), with no significant difference between the two groups. The triacylglycerol lowering effect was evident after four weeks, and was inversely correlated with the omega‐3 index (EPA + DHA content in erythrocyte membranes). The omega‐3 index increased 63.2 % in the AG‐PUFA group and 58.5 % in the EE‐PUFA group (P < 0.001). Overall, the heart rate in the AG‐PUFA group decreased by three beats per minute (P = 0.045). High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased in the AG‐PUFA group (P < 0.001). Neither total nor non‐HDL cholesterol changed in any group. Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) decreased in the EE‐PUFA group (P = 0.001). No serious adverse events were observed. Supplementation with long‐chain n‐3 PUFA lowered non‐fasting triacylglycerol levels, suggestive of a reduction in cardiovascular risk. Regardless of the different effects on heart rate, HDL, and LpPLA2 that were observed, compared to placebo, AG‐PUFA, and EE‐PUFA are equally effective in reducing non‐fasting triacylglycerol levels.
Reducing the number of rigid bronchoscopies performed in suspected foreign body aspiration cases via the use of chest computed tomography: is it safe? A literature review
Authors: Tuckett P , Cervin A 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground:Foreign body aspiration is common and potentially life threatening. Although rigid bronchoscopy has the potential for serious complications, it is the ‘gold standard’ of diagnosis. It is used frequently in light of the inaccuracy of clinical examination and chest radiography. Computed tomography is proposed as a non-invasive alternative to rigid bronchoscopy.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and safety of computed tomography used in the diagnosis of suspected foreign body aspiration, and compare this with the current gold standard, in order to examine the possibility of using computed tomography to reduce the number of diagnostic rigid bronchoscopies performed.Method:The study comprised a review of literature published from 1970 to 2013, using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Embase and Medline electronic databases.Results:The sensitivity for computed tomography ranged between 90 and 100 per cent, with four studies demonstrating 100 per cent sensitivity. Specificity was between 75 and 100 per cent. Radiation exposure doses averaged 2.16 mSv.Conclusion:Computed tomography is a sensitive and specific modality in the diagnosis of foreign body aspiration, and its future use will reduce the number of unnecessary rigid bronchoscopies.
In situdiffraction studies of iron ore sinter bonding phase formation: QPA considerations and pushing the limits of laboratory data collection
Authors: Webster Nathan A. S. , Pownceby Mark I. , Madsen Ian C. , Studer Andrew J. , Kimpton Justin A. 
Published: November 2014

The formation and decomposition of silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminium (SFCA) and SFCA-I iron ore sinter bonding phases have been investigated usingin situsynchrotron and laboratory X-ray diffraction (XRD) and neutron diffraction (ND). An external standard approach for determining absolute phase concentrations via Rietveld refinement-based quantitative phase analysis is discussed. The complementarity ofin situXRD and ND in characterising sinter phase formation and decomposition is also shown, with the volume diffraction afforded by the neutron technique reducing errors in the quantification of magnetite above ~1200 °C. Finally, by collecting 6 s laboratory XRD datasets and using a heating rate of 175 °C min−1, phase formation and decomposition have been monitored under heating rates more closely approximating those encountered in industrial iron ore sintering.
Moult of three Tristan da Cunha seabird species sampled at sea
Authors: Bugoni Leandro , Naves Liliana C. , Furness Robert W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPrimary, tail and body moult of three seabirds from Tristan da Cunha archipelago were studied by castnetting offshore south Brazil from February 2006 to August 2007. Timing, duration and synchronization of primary and tail moult are described relative to the annual calendar. Body moult overlapped breeding in Atlantic yellow-nosed albatrosses (Thalassarche chlororhynchos), but tail and primary moult did not. Spectacled petrels (Procellaria conspicillata) had protracted body moult, whereas primary and tail moult were completed by August. We documented onset of primary moult during chick-rearing in spectacled petrels and great shearwaters (Puffinus gravis) of unknown breeding status, and suggest that the south-west Atlantic Ocean holds important numbers of moulting birds of both species during the summer–early autumn. The albatrosses and the spectacled petrels replaced rectrices alternately. Great shearwaters replaced rectrices outward, starting at the central pair. Primary, tail and body moult largely overlap in all three species, suggesting that the metabolic costs of primary moult may not be overly restrictive. Metabolic and nutritional ability to afford simultaneous moult of different feather tracts support the idea that impaired flight caused by wing moult is a strong factor driving no overlap of primary moult and breeding.
Relationships between Environmental Dependency and Closing-in in Patients with Fronto-temporal Dementia
Authors: Grossi Dario , De Lucia Natascia , Milan Graziella , Trojano Luigi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEnvironmental dependency (ED) phenomena, including utilization behavior and imitation behavior, are clinical manifestations typically observed in patients with the behavioral variant of fronto-temporal dementia (bvFTD), who may also show the closing-in (CI) phenomenon. Here, we explored the neuropsychological correlates of ED and CI in bvFTD, and the association of ED with CI to clarify the mechanisms underlying these clinical manifestations. Thirty-one bvFTD patients underwent a wide cognitive assessment in addition to special tasks to detect occurrence of CI and ED phenomena. Both ED and CI phenomena were present in more than half of the sample. Logistic regression analyses revealed that both ED and CI phenomena were significantly associated with poor scores on frontal neuropsychological tests. Although ED and CI often co-occurred, 3/12 patients with CI did not show ED, and 5/18 patients with ED did not show CI. A logistic regression model showed that the presence of ED was not significantly associated to CI. CI and ED are associated to progressive derangement of frontal functions in bvFTD. However, specific frontal dysfunctions might explain the occurrence of either phenomenon in isolation. (JINS, 2015, 21, 1–7)
Periostin suppression induces decorin secretion leading to reduced breast cancer cell motility and invasion
Authors: Ishiba Toshiyuki , Nagahara Makoto , Nakagawa Tsuyoshi , Sato Takanobu , Ishikawa Toshiaki , Uetake Hiroyuki , Sugihara Kenichi , Miki Yoshio , Nakanishi Akira 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe ability of cancer cells to metastasize is dependent on the interactions between their cell-surface molecules and the microenvironment. However, the tumor microenvironment, especially the cancer-associated stroma, is poorly understood. To identify proteins present in the stroma, we focused on phyllodes tumors, rare breast tumors that contain breast stromal cells. We compared the expression of proteins between phyllodes tumor and normal tissues using an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic approach. Decorin was expressed at reduced levels in phyllodes tumor tissues, whereas periostin was upregulated; this result was validated by immunohistochemical analysis of phyllodes tumors from 35 patients. Additionally, by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we confirmed that decorin forms a complex with periostin in both phyllodes tumors and BT-20 breast cancer cells. Following siRNA-mediated knockdown of periostin in T-47D cells, secreted decorin in the culture medium could be detected by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Furthermore, periostin knockdown in BT-20 cells and overexpression of decorin in MDA-MB-231 cells inhibited cell motility and invasion. Our results reveal the molecular details of the periostin–decorin complex in both phyllodes tumor tissues and breast cancer cells; this interaction may represent a novel target for anti-cancer therapy.
Shorter telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes is associated with childhood autism
Authors: Li Zongchang , Tang Jinsong , Li Hong , Chen Shan , He Ying , Liao Yanhui , Wei Zhen , Wan Guobin , Xiang Xi , Xia Kun , Chen Xiaogang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTelomeres are protective chromosomal structures that play a key role in preserving genomic stability. Epidemiologic studies have shown that the abnormal telomere length in leukocytes is associated with some mental disorders and age-related diseases. However, the association between leukocyte telomere length and autism has not been investigated. Here we investigated the possible association between relative telomere length (RTL) in peripheral blood leukocytes and childhood autism by using an established real-time polymerase chain reaction method. We observed significantly shorter RTL in patients with childhood autism than in controls (p = 0.006). Individuals with shorter RTL had a significantly increased presence of childhood autism compared with those who had long RTL. In patients, we found that family training interventions have a significant effect on telomere length (P = 0.012), but no correlations between RTL and clinical features (paternal age, maternal age, age of onset, illness of duration, CARS score and ABC score) were observed in this study. These results provided the first evidence that shorter leukocytes telomere length is significantly associated with childhood autism. The molecular mechanism underlying telomere length may be implicated in the development of autism.