bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocatalysis in lipid modification, Greifswald 19–21 September 2012
Authors: Daum Günther , Dubreucq Eric 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis three day event was organized by Uwe Bornscheuer and Pierre Villeneuve (division of biotechnology and enzyme technology of Euro Fed Lipid) in cooperation with SFEL (Société française pour l'étude des lipides) and the DGF (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Fettwissenschaft e.V.). The meeting was held at the Institute of Biochemistry of the Greifswald University, Greifswald – a small town at the Baltic coast of Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern in northeastern Germany. About 60 scientists discussed recent developments in basic research and industrial process development involving enzymatic lipid modification. EJLST will publish a special issue based on the Greifswald meeting in late spring/early summer 2013; this meeting report will give you a flavor of what will be covered.
Current-use pesticides in stream water and suspended particles following runoff: Exposure, effects, and mitigation requirements
Authors: Bereswill Renja , Streloke Martin , Schulz Ralf 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The European Union's directive for sustainable use of pesticides requires implementing risk mitigation measures at streams threatened by pesticide entries. The need for mitigation measures was investigated at 10 stream sites within an intensively used arable region in central Germany by characterizing pesticide exposure following edge-of-field runoff and effects on the aquatic macroinvertebrates. Moreover, the influence of riparian buffer strip width (as a mitigation measure) at the sampling sites was considered. Generally, invertebrate fauna was dominated by pesticide-tolerant species, suggesting a high pesticide exposure at almost all sites. This result is also reflected by the elevated levels of suspended particle contamination in terms of toxic units (logTUMax &gt; −2), corresponding to one-hundredth of the median lethal concentration (LC50) to Daphnia magna. At two sites that received high aqueous-phase entries of the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin (logTUMax &gt; −0.6), the abundance and number of sensitive species in terms of the species at risk index decreased during the pesticide application period. In contrast, no acute significant negative effects on macroinvertebrates were observed at sites characterised by low water-phase toxicity (logTUMax &lt; –3.5). An influence of riparian buffer strip width on pesticide exposure was not observed, supposedly because of the presence of erosion rills and ephemeral ditches. In conclusion, results show that mitigation measures (such as the improvement of currently present riparian buffer strips) are needed in the study area. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1254–1263. © 2013 SETAC
Bioaccumulation and toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes to benthic organisms at the base of the marine food chain
Authors: Parks Ashley N. , Portis Lisa M. , Schierz P. Ariette , Washburn Kate M. , Perron Monique M. , Burgess Robert M. , Ho Kay T. , Chandler G. Thomas , Ferguson P. Lee 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

As the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) increases over time, so does the potential for environmental release. This research aimed to determine the toxicity, bioavailability, and bioaccumulation of SWNTs in marine benthic organisms at the base of the food chain. The toxicity of SWNTs was tested in a whole sediment exposure with the amphipod Ampelisca abdita and the mysid Americamysis bahia. In addition, SWNTs were amended to sediment and/or food matrices to determine their bioavailability and bioaccumulation through these routes in A. abdita, A. bahia, and the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus. No significant mortality to any species via sediment or food matrices was observed at concentrations up to 100 ppm. A novel near-infrared fluorescence spectroscopic method was utilized to measure and characterize the body burdens of pristine SWNTs in nondepurated and depurated organisms. We did not detect SWNTs in depurated organisms but quantified them in nondepurated A. abdita fed SWNT-amended algae. After a 28-d exposure to [14C]SWNT-amended sediment (100 µg/g) and algae (100 µg/g), [14C]SWNT was detected in depurated and nondepurated L. plumulosus amphipods at 0.50 µg/g and 5.38 µg/g, respectively. The results indicate that SWNTs are bioaccessible to marine benthic organisms but do not appear to accumulate or cause toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1270–1277. © 2013 SETAC
A screening study on the fate of fullerenes (nC60) and their toxic implications in natural freshwaters
Authors: Pakarinen Kukka , Petersen Elijah J. , Alvila Leila , Waissi-Leinonen Greta C. , Akkanen Jarkko , Leppänen Matti T. , Kukkonen Jussi V.K. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Increasing usage of fullerenes (C60) increases their opportunities to be released into the environment. For risk assessment, it is important to understand the environmental fate and ecotoxicological effects of C60. In the present study, fullerene settling was measured during a 1-yr period with 4 different lake waters and an artificial freshwater, and Daphnia magna immobilization and fullerene accumulation was also measured in each of the lake waters. Depending on the characteristics of the lake waters, fullerenes either exhibited extended water stability or settled rapidly; in all waters, there was a fraction that remained stable after 1 yr. Water stability was affected by the quality and molecular size distribution of dissolved natural organic matter (DNOM). Increasing DNOM molecular sizes with high aromatic content enhanced water stability. Immobilization of D. magna was generally quite low (under 20%) and highly variable after 24 h and 48 h at initial fullerene concentrations up to 10 mg/L. Substantial settling occurred during the time period for acute toxicity assays (i.e., 48 h), which should be anticipated when conducting toxicity assays. There were no significant differences in the quantity of accumulated fullerenes among the different lake waters at fullerene concentrations of 0.5 mg/L, but there were differences at 2 mg/L. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1224-1232. © 2013 SETAC
Genomic aberration patterns and expression profiles of squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva
Authors: Micci Francesca , Panagopoulos Ioannis , Haugom Lisbeth , Dahlback Hanne‐Sofie S. , Pretorius Maria E. , Davidson Ben , Abeler Vera M. , Tropé Claes G. , Danielsen Håvard E. , Heim Sverre 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLittle is known about the genomic abnormalities of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the vulva and how they correlate with gene expression. We determined the genomic and expression profiles of 15 such SCC using karyotyping, DNA ploidy analysis, arrayCGH, and expression arrays. Four of the five cases with clonal chromosomal aberrations found by G‐banding showed highly abnormal karyotypes with multiple rearrangements. The imbalances scored by arrayCGH mapped to different chromosomes with losses being more common than gains. Frequent losses were scored from 3p and 8p whereas gains were frequent from 3q and 8q (loss of 8p with concomitant gain of 8q mostly occurred via 8q isochromosome formation). This is the first study of vulvar tumors using arrayCGH, and some frequent imbalances could be defined precisely. Of particular note were the sometimes large, sometimes small deletions of 3p and 9p which had minute areas in 3p14 and 9p23 as minimal commonly deleted regions. FHIT (3p14) and PTPRD (9p23) are the only genes here. They were both lost in seven cases, including homozygous losses of PTPRD in four tumors. Using qPCR we could demonstrate deregulation of the FHIT gene in tumor cells. Hence, this gene is likely to play a pathogenetic role in vulvar SCC tumorigenesis. Expression array analyses also identified a number of other genes whose expression profile was altered. Notable among the downregulated genes were MAL (in 2q11), KRT4 (in 12q13), and OLFM4 (in 13q14), whereas upregulated genes included SPRR2G (in 1q21.3) and S100A7A (in 1q21.3). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Annual variation of coastal uplift in Greenland as an indicator of variable and accelerating ice mass loss
Authors: Yang Qian , Wdowinski Shimon , Dixon Timothy H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSeasonal melting of the coastal part of the Greenland ice sheet is investigated using GPS vertical displacement data from coastal stations, combined with data on atmospheric and ocean temperatures. Using a high pass filter and cubic spline models, we estimate five variables describing seasonal uplift, a proxy for proximal mass loss, including duration of the melt season and the amount of summer uplift. Our analysis shows both temporal and spatial variations of uplift. Southern coastal Greenland experienced anomalously large uplift in summer 2010, implying significant melting that year. However, the northwest coast did not experience significant change in uplift at that time. Our data suggest that a combination of warm summer air temperature and warm sub‐surface ocean water temperature drove the large mass losses in 2010. Using the uplift pattern of 2008–2010, and comparing to atmospheric data and ocean water temperature data, we show that warm Irminger Water (IW) exerted significant influence on coastal melting in southeastern, southern and southwestern Greenland, reaching about 69°N in 2010. North of this, IW did not exert significant influence, in effect defining the northward limit of the sub‐polar gyre for that year. Thus, short‐term variability in the coastal GPS uplift signal can be used to infer an oceanographic parameter that has a critical influence on Greenland ice sheet health.
Investigating δ13C and Δ14C within Mytilus californianus shells as proxies of upwelling intensity
Authors: Ferguson J. E. , Johnson K. R. , Santos G. , Meyer L. , Tripati A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAlong the west coast of North America, climate and marine productivity is affected by seasonal to interannual changes in coastal upwelling. Our understanding of upwelling variability in the past is limited by the short duration of instrumental records. Changes in upwelling intensity are expected to affect the 13C/12C (δ13C) and radiocarbon (∆14C) content of marine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) due to variable mixing of old, upwelled seawater into surface waters. If seasonal variations in the δ13C of DIC are recorded in marine bivalve shells, they may provide valuable information about the extent of upwelling in the past. Comparison of modern Mytilus californianus shells from South California with a 5 year time series of coastal seawater ∆14C and δ13C allows an assessment of the suitability of Mytilus shell ∆14C and δ13C as proxies of upwelling intensity. We show that both absolute values and the seasonal range in seawater ∆14C are preserved in shell ∆14C, allowing its use as an indicator of upwelling intensity. Interpretation of shell δ13C is more problematic, with the δ13C of shell carbonate lower than seawater DIC by variable amounts (ranging from 0.5‰ to 1.5‰) due to the incorporation of metabolic carbon. The spatial and temporal variability observed in specimens that grew during the severe El Niño event of 1997–1998 demonstrates how a transect of shells spanning the western North American coastline can be used to reconstruct large‐scale patterns of seawater ∆14C variability for specific intervals of interest, such as those associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation–type phenomena.
Tidal modulation of continuous nonvolcanic seismic tremor in the Chile triple junction region
Authors: Gallego A. , Russo R. M. , Comte D. , Mocanu V. , Murdie R. E. , VanDecar J.C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe located continuous seismic tremor with coherent amplitude wave trains in the Chile ridge subduction region (~46.5°S) in two clusters north and south of the Chonos Archipelago, between the Chile trench and the North Patagonian fore arc. Tremor persisted from December 2004 to February 2007 (the entire period of the Chile Ridge Subduction Project temporary seismic deployment), and lasted >17 h on six occasions. Tremor in the more active southern cluster reached a maximum duration of 48 h, and we observed no more than 3 continuous days without tremor activity. The cluster locations coincide with the surface projections of subducted transform faults formed at the Chile ridge. We also detected simultaneous, colocated low‐frequency microearthquakes with well‐defined impulsive waves within the tremor signals distributed from the surface to 40 km depth, suggesting tremors and earthquakes are part of the same process. The periodicity of tremor duration is strongly correlated with semidiurnal, diurnal, and long‐period tides, M2, N2, K1, O1, P1, and Mm (12.421 h, 12.000 h, 23.934 h, 25.819 h, 24.066 h, and 27.555 days, respectively). We found a significant correlation between tremor occurrence and Earth tides when tidal stress is calculated for the slip plane of a right‐lateral strike‐slip fault with strike N95°E, which is near parallel to subducted transform faults (N78°E) of the Chile ridge, indicating that the very small stresses resulting from the combination of ocean loading and solid Earth tides (~1 kPa) are sufficient to facilitate or suppress tremor production; tremors occur when shear stresses are maximum and wane or are low when shear stresses are minimum.
Active CO2 reservoir management for sustainable geothermal energy extraction and reduced leakage
Authors: Elliot Thomas R. , Buscheck Thomas A. , Celia Michael 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSubsurface storage space is gaining recognition as a commodity for industrial and energy recovery operations. Geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration (GCS), wherein supercritical CO2 is injected into subsurface storage space, is under broad development in sedimentary reservoirs – particularly for hydrocarbon production, which uses supercritical CO2 as part of a carbon capture utilization and sequestration (CCUS) scheme. A novel CCUS operation is presented whereby we investigate the staged deployment of a coupled geothermal energy extraction (GEE)‐GCS operation in geothermal sedimentary reservoirs that re‐circulates extracted fluids. We identify sedimentary resources of the continental USA that have significant temperature at depths suitable for GCS. To predict the impact of a GEE‐GCS operation, a reservoir‐scale semi‐analytical model is used to simulate brine and CO2 migration through existing leakage pathways. With the goal of integrating GEE and GCS, a well‐site design exercise is undertaken, where we develop an idealized configuration for CO2 and brine production/reinjection wells. Results show potential geothermal sedimentary reservoirs suitable for GEE deployment exist in the continental USA; however the characteristics of each site should be investigated through a first stage GEE‐operation to determine GCS capacity. Our active CO2 reservoir management simulations demonstrate a decrease in injection and reservoir overpressures, a reduced migration of CO2 within the reservoir during active injection/extraction, and a reduced risk of brine and CO2 migration. With the use of the developed concentric‐ring well pattern, we demonstrate the longevity of thermal productivity from an ideal GEE site, while providing sufficient CO2 storage volume and trapping to act as a sequestration operation. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Error statistics of Bayesian CO2 flux inversion schemes as seen from GOSAT
Authors: Chevallier Frédéric , O'Dell Christopher W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractStatistical modeling is at the root of CO2 atmospheric inversion systems, but few studies have focused on the quality of their assigned probability distributions. In this paper, we assess the reliability of the error models that are in input and in output of a specific CO2 atmospheric inversion system when it assimilates surface air sample measurements. We confront these error models with the mismatch between 4D simulations of CO2 and independent satellite retrievals of the total CO2 column. Taking all sources of uncertainties into account, it is shown that both prior and posterior errors are consistent with the actual departures, to the point that the theoretical error reduction brought by the surface measurements on the simulation of the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) total column measurements (15%) corresponds to the actual reduction seen over the midlatitude and tropical lands and over the tropical oceans.
Tropical American‐Atlantic forcing of austral summertime variability in the southern annular mode
Authors: Yu Bin , Lin Hai 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe relative importance of tropical versus extratropical forcing on the southern annular mode (SAM) during the austral summer is explored using dry atmospheric model experiments with prescribed atmospheric forcing. The tropical forcing regions are determined based on areas of high observed correlations between atmospheric heating and the SAM. Diagnosed atmospheric forcing over the tropical America‐Atlantic is found to be the major tropical driver of the SAM trend and interannual variability. Synoptic eddies tend to reinforce and maintain the SAM‐associated circulation anomaly. Contribution of the tropical diagnosed forcing, as a whole, to the SAM trend over 1951–2010 is about one third in strength compared to that of the southern extratropical forcing processes.
Variability in the surface temperature and melt extent of the Greenland ice sheet from MODIS
Authors: Hall Dorothy K. , Comiso Josefino C. , DiGirolamo Nicolo E. , Shuman Christopher A. , Box Jason E. , Koenig Lora S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSatellite‐derived moderate‐resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) ice‐surface temperature (IST) of the Greenland ice sheet shows a positive trend and two major melt events from 2000 to present. IST increased by ~0.55 ± 0.44°C/decade, with the greatest increase (~0.95 ± 0.44°C/decade) found in northwestern Greenland where coastal temperatures and mass loss are also increasing and outlet glaciers are accelerating. IST shows the highest rates of increase during summer (~1.35 ± 0.47°C/decade) and winter (~1.30 ± 1.53°C/decade), followed by spring (~0.60 ± 0.98°C/decade). In contrast, a decrease in IST was found in the autumn (~−1.49 ± 1.20°C/decade). The IST trends in this work are not statistically significant with the exception of the trend in northwestern Greenland. Major surface melt (covering 80% or more of the ice sheet) occurred during the 2002 and 2012 melt seasons where clear‐sky measurements show a maximum melt of ~87% and ~95% of the ice sheet surface, respectively. In 2002, most of the extraordinary melt was ephemeral, whereas in 2012 the ice sheet not only experienced more total melt, but melt was more persistent, and the 2012 summer was the warmest in the MODIS record (−6.38 ± 3.98°C). Our data show that major melt events may not be particularly rare during the present period of ice sheet warming.
Water use strategies of two co‐occurring tree species in a semi‐arid karst environment
Authors: Swaffer Brooke A. , Holland Kate L. , Doody Tanya M. , Li Chris , Hutson John 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe flow of precipitation from the surface through to groundwater in karst systems is a complex process involving storage in the unsaturated zone and diffuse and preferential recharge pathways. The processes associated with this behaviour are not well understood, despite the prevalence of karst aquifers being used as freshwater supplies. As a result, uncertainty regarding the ecohydrological processes in this geological setting remains large. In response to the need to better understand the impact of woody vegetation on groundwater recharge, annual evapotranspiration (ET) rates and tree water sources were measured for two years above a shallow, fresh karst aquifer. Water use strategies of the co‐occurring Eucalyptus diversifolia subsp. diversifolia Bonpl. and Allocasuarina verticillata (Lam.) L. Johnson were investigated using a monthly water balance approach, in conjunction with measurement of the stable isotopes of water, leaf water potentials and soil matric potentials. The results suggest that it is unlikely groundwater resources are required to sustain tree transpiration, despite its shallow proximity to the soil surface, and that similarities exist between ET losses and the estimated long‐term average rainfall for this area. Irrespective of stand and morphological differences, E. diversifolia and A. verticillata ET rates showed remarkable convergence, demonstrating the ability of these co‐occurring species to maximise their use of the available precipitation, which avoids the requirement to differentiate between these species when estimating ET at a landscape scale. We conclude that the water holding capacity of porous geological substrates, such as those associated with karst systems, will play an important role in equilibrating annual rainfall variability and should be considered when assessing ecohydrological links associated with karst systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stem‐branch topological codification for watershed subdivision and identification to support distributed hydrological modelling at large river basins
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Zhou Zuhao , Jia Yangwen , Wang Hao , Chen Xiangdong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWatershed subdivision is a useful discretization method for distributed hydrological models at large river basins. A subwatershed codification method, which is able to identify the subwatershed uniquely and reflect the topological relationship is desired. According to the previous literatures, there are two types of coding methods suitable for the subwatershed codification: the Pfafstetter‐group rules and the modified binary tree codification method. But, both of them have some shortcomings in theory and application. A new coding method named stem‐branch topological codification is developed to overcome these shortcomings, which is based on the stem‐branch topological structure of the drainage networks and capable of reflecting the river hierarchy. The basic coding elements of the method are river reaches in the drainage networks, which are not only generated by the tributary junctions, but also by the splitting points of hydrological factors (e.g. hydrological gauge stations and reservoirs). Also, the method could handle complex confluences (e.g. river reaches with more than two upstream inflows), which are rare under natural conditions, but more frequent in the digital elevation model extracted or artificial drainage networks (e.g. sewage systems or irrigation drainage networks). With the stem‐branch topological codification codes, it is easy to identify the upstream (or downstream) relationship between any two subwatersheds and to calculate the directly connected subwatershed codes. Also, if some changes have occurred in the drainage network, there is no need to recode the whole watershed, but by modifying the existed codes to form the new ones. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.