bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Extensive Unspliced mRNA in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sowalsky Adam G. , Xia Zheng , Wang Liguo , Zhao Hao , Chen Shaoyong , Bubley Glenn J. , Balk Steven P. , Li Wei 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Men with metastatic prostate cancer who are treated with androgen deprivation therapies (ADT) usually relapse within 2 to 3 years with disease that is termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). To identify the mechanism that drives these advanced tumors, paired-end RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on a panel of CRPC bone marrow biopsy specimens. From this genome-wide approach, mutations were found in a series of genes with prostate cancer relevance, including AR, NCOR1, KDM3A, KDM4A, CHD1, SETD5, SETD7, INPP4B, RASGRP3, RASA1, TP53BP1, and CDH1, and a novel SND1:BRAF gene fusion. Among the most highly expressed transcripts were 10 noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including MALAT1 and PABPC1, which are involved in RNA processing. Notably, a high percentage of sequence reads mapped to introns, which were determined to be the result of incomplete splicing at canonical splice junctions. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR), a series of genes (AR, KLK2, KLK3, STEAP2, CPSF6, and CDK19) were confirmed to have a greater proportion of unspliced RNA in CRPC specimens than in normal prostate epithelium, untreated primary prostate cancer, and cultured prostate cancer cells. This inefficient coupling of transcription and mRNA splicing suggests an overall increase in transcription or defect in splicing.
Implications: Inefficient splicing in advanced prostate cancer provides a selective advantage through effects on microRNA networks but may render tumors vulnerable to agents that suppress rate-limiting steps in splicing. Mol Cancer Res; 13(1); 98–106. ©2014 AACR.
A Transient Increase in Eosinophils Is Associated with Prolonged Survival in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Who Receive Sipuleucel-T
Authors: McNeel Douglas G. , Gardner Thomas A. , Higano Celestia S. , Kantoff Philip W. , Small Eric J. , Wener Mark H. , Sims Robert B. , DeVries Todd , Sheikh Nadeem A. , Dreicer Robert 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSipuleucel-T is an autologous cellular immunotherapy used to treat asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Traditional short-term indicators of clinical response commonly used with chemotherapy have not correlated with survival in patients treated with sipuleucel-T. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate laboratory parameters as possible early biomarkers associated with clinical benefit following sipuleucel-T treatment. Patients treated with sipuleucel-T from three randomized, controlled, phase III clinical trials in mCRPC were considered: IMPACT (NCT00065442; n = 512), D9901 (NCT00005947; n = 127), and D9902A (NCT01133704; n = 98). Patients from these trials were included in this study if their samples were analyzed by the central laboratory and if data were available from baseline and ≥1 posttreatment time point (n = 377). We found that sipuleucel-T treatment was associated with a transient increase in serum eosinophil count at week 6 that resolved by week 14 in 28% of patients (105 of 377). This eosinophil increase correlated with induced immune response, longer prostate cancer–specific survival [HR, 0.713; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.525–0.970; P = 0.031], and a trend in overall survival (HR, 0.753; 95% CI, 0.563–1.008; P = 0.057). Median serum globulin protein levels also increased transiently, which was associated with antigen-specific antibody responses; however, this finding did not correlate with longer survival. We conclude that transient increases in eosinophils at week 6 may be a useful, objective, short-term indicator of global immune activation and survival benefit with sipuleucel-T in patients with mCRPC. This observation warrants prospective evaluation in future clinical trials. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(10); 988–99. ©2014 AACR.
EFEITOS DO PROGRAMA DE EDUCAÇÃO EM PACIENTES COM ARTRITE REUMATOIDE DO SERVIÇO DE REUMATOLOGIA DO HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO CASSIANO ANTÔNIO DE MORAES (HUCAM) - PROJETO PILOTO
Authors: Gomes Crystian Moraes Silva , Coutinho Gilma Correa , Miyamoto Samira Tatiyama 
Published: September 2014

As metas da educação ao paciente com artrite reumatoide (AR) visam estimular o sujeito a alcançar o máximo possível de independência funcional e qualidade de vida. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar os efeitos do programa de extensão “Educação ao Paciente Reumático”, em um Serviço de Reumatologia, em Vitória/ES. A metodologia utilizada foi um ensaio clínico não controlado do tipo quantitativo. Pacientes foram avaliados ao iniciarem no programa e após quatro semanas, através do Health Assessment Questionnaire, do Patient Knowledge Questionnaire e da Escala de autoefi cácia para dor crônica. Nos dados foram utilizados o teste t-pareado, para as variáveis paramétricas, e o teste de Wilcoxon, para as não paramétricas, sendo considerado um p<0,05. Os resultados foram os seguintes: cinquenta pacientes com AR participaram do programa, sendo que quinze pacientes compareceram a todos os encontros e dezenove completaram as 1ª e 2ª avaliações; 18,2% completaram o Ensino Médio e 63,6% recebiam até um salário mínimo. Concluiu-se que não houve diferença estatisticamentesignificativa entre as avaliações iniciais e finais. A amostra utilizada demonstrou que os pacientes não adquiriram mais conhecimento sobre a doença através do programa de educação a curto-prazo, provavelmente devido ao baixo nível de escolaridade, à renda mensal e à falta de adesão dos usuários e familiares.
Impact of Annual Operator and Institutional Volume on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Outcomes
Authors: Badheka Apurva O. , Patel Nileshkumar J. , Grover Peeyush , Singh Vikas , Patel Nilay , Arora Shilpkumar , Chothani Ankit , Mehta Kathan , Deshmukh Abhishek , Savani Ghanshyambhai T. , Patel Achint , Panaich Sidakpal S. , Shah Neeraj , Rathod Ankit , Brown Michael , Mohamad Tamam , Tamburrino Frank V. , Kar Saibal , Makkar Raj , O’Neill William W. , De Marchena Eduardo , Schreiber Theodore , Grines Cindy L. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Cohen Mauricio G. 
Published: September 2014

Background—
The relationship between operator or institutional volume and outcomes among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is unclear.

Methods and Results—

Cross-sectional study based on the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2005 to 2009. Subjects were identified by International Classification of Diseases, 9
th
Revision, Clinical Modification procedure code, 36.06 and 36.07. Annual operator and institutional volumes were calculated using unique identification numbers and then divided into quartiles. Three-level hierarchical multivariate mixed models were created. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality; secondary outcome was a composite of in-hospital mortality and peri-procedural complications. A total of 457 498 PCIs were identified representing a total of 2 243 209 PCIs performed in the United States during the study period. In-hospital, all-cause mortality was 1.08%, and the overall complication rate was 7.10%. The primary and secondary outcomes of procedures performed by operators in 4
th
[annual procedural volume; primary and secondary outcomes] [>100; 0.59% and 5.51%], 3
rd
[45–100; 0.87% and 6.40%], and 2
nd
quartile [16–44; 1.15% and 7.75%] were significantly less (
P
<0.001) when compared with those by operators in the 1
st
quartile [≤15; 1.68% and 10.91%]. Spline analysis also showed significant operator and institutional volume outcome relationship. Similarly operators in the higher quartiles witnessed a significant reduction in length of hospital stay and cost of hospitalization (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Overall in-hospital mortality after PCI was low. An increase in operator and institutional volume of PCI was found to be associated with a decrease in adverse outcomes, length of hospital stay, and cost of hospitalization.
A Novel Method to Capture the Onset of Dynamic Electrocardiographic Ischemic Changes and its Implications to Arrhythmia Susceptibility
Authors: Sayadi Omid , Puppala Dheeraj , Ishaque Nosheen , Doddamani Rajiv , Merchant Faisal M. , Barrett Conor , Singh Jagmeet P. , Heist E. Kevin , Mela Theofanie , Martínez Juan Pablo , Laguna Pablo , Armoundas Antonis A. 
Published: September 2014

Background

This study investigates the hypothesis that morphologic analysis of intracardiac electrograms provides a sensitive approach to detect acute myocardial infarction or
myocardial infarction‐
induced arrhythmia susceptibility. Large proportions of irreversible myocardial injury and fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmias occur in the first hour after coronary occlusion; therefore, early detection of acute
myocardial infarction
may improve clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results

We developed a method that uses the wavelet transform to delineate electrocardiographic signals, and we have devised an index to quantify the ischemia‐induced changes in these signals. We recorded body‐surface and intracardiac electrograms at baseline and following
myocardial infarction
in 24 swine. Statistically significant ischemia‐induced changes after the initiation of occlusion compared with baseline were detectable within 30 seconds in intracardiac left ventricle (
P
<0.0016) and right ventricle–coronary sinus (
P
<0.0011) leads, 60 seconds in coronary sinus leads (
P
<0.0002), 90 seconds in right ventricle leads (
P
<0.0020), and 360 seconds in body‐surface electrocardiographic signals (
P
<0.0022). Intracardiac leads exhibited a higher probability of detecting ischemia‐induced changes than body‐surface leads (
P
<0.0381), and the right ventricle–coronary sinus configuration provided the highest sensitivity (96%). The 24‐hour
ECG
recordings showed that the ischemic index is statistically significantly increased compared with baseline in lead I, aVR, and all precordial leads (
P
<0.0388). Finally, we showed that the ischemic index in intracardiac electrograms is significantly increased preceding ventricular tachyarrhythmic events (
P
<0.0360).

Conclusions

We present a novel method that is capable of detecting ischemia‐induced changes in intracardiac electrograms as early as 30 seconds following
myocardial infarction
or as early as 12 minutes preceding tachyarrhythmic events.
Experimental analysis of predator and prey detection abilities in rainforest: who has the advantage?
Authors: Janson Charles H. , Monzón Javier , Baldovino M. Celia 
Published: September 2014

Recent theoretical analyses have shown that anti-predator benefits in social groups depend on the attack distance of the predator relative to prey spacing within groups. Both attack distance and prey spacing depend on the ability of predator and prey to detect each other. Previous work on forest predators suggest that many depend on surprise to ambush their prey, thus we test the hypothesis that detection distances by eagles of monkeys are greater than vice versa, despite the supposed advantages of sociality in facilitating detection of predators by prey. We used field experiments in the wild to assess detection distances of both raptor predators and their natural monkey prey. Live hawk-eagles (Spizaetus), under rehabilitation from injury, were placed tethered to perches in the home ranges of two habituated wild study groups of tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus (apella) nigritus) in Iguazú National Park, Argentina. Analysis of video footage of the eagles during the approach of capuchin monkey groups allowed us to define the first moment of behaviours indicating detection by the eagle; detection behaviours of the monkeys near the eagle were recorded observationally by field assistants. The hawk-eagles always detected the monkeys (average distance 31.9 m) before the monkeys detected the predators (average distance 9.4 m). Predators always initially detected one or two spatially-peripheral individuals of the prey group. Distance of detection by the predators (and thus maximum possible attack distances) was significantly less than the prey group spread of 42–57 m. The short detection (and consequent short attack) distances by eagles of monkey prey in this habitat suggests that early warning of attacking eagles may not be a primary benefit of grouping in this case.
The β-1,4-endoglucanase gene is suitable for the molecular quantification of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei
Authors: Mokrini Fouad , Waeyenberge Lieven , Viaene Nicole , Andaloussi Fouad Abbad , Moens Maurice 
Published: September 2014

A real-time quantitative PCR assay was developed for the accurate detection and quantification of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei. A qPCR primer set, including two primers and a probe, was designed based on the sequence of the β-1,4-endoglucanase gene. The assay was optimised by using the primers with SYBR green I dye and setting the qPCR program to different annealing temperatures ranging from 62 to 69°C. Based on the Ct values, we retained the program with an annealing temperature of 69°C. The specificity of the qPCR assay including the probe was confirmed by the lack of amplification of DNA from 47 populations belonging to 15 other Pratylenchus species and nine isolates from P. thornei. The assay was very sensitive as it was able to detect a single individual of P. thornei, even when mixed with up to 80 individuals of P. penetrans. DNA was extracted from exactly 80 P. thornei individuals. A dilution series from this DNA resulted in a standard curve showing a highly significant linearity between the Ct values and the dilution rates (; slope = −3.38; ). The qPCR assay developed in this study proved to be specific and sensitive, thus providing a fast and accurate tool for detection and quantification of this pathogen during research, as well as for diagnostic labs.
Statistical Downscaling Multimodel Forecasts for Seasonal Precipitation and Surface Temperature over the Southeastern United States
Authors: Tian Di , Martinez Christopher J. , Graham Wendy D. , Hwang Syewoon 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This study compared two types of approaches to downscale seasonal precipitation (P) and 2-m air temperature (T2M) forecasts from the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) over the states of Alabama, Georgia, and Florida in the southeastern United States (SEUS). Each NMME model forecast was evaluated. Two multimodel ensemble (MME) schemes were tested by assigning equal weight to all forecast members (SuperEns) or by assigning equal weights to each model’s ensemble mean (MeanEns). One type of downscaling approach used was a model output statistics (MOS) method, which was based on direct spatial disaggregation and bias correction of the NMME P and T2M forecasts using the quantile mapping technique [spatial disaggregation with bias correction (SDBC)]. The other type of approach used was a perfect prognosis (PP) approach using nonparametric locally weighted polynomial regression (LWPR) models, which used the NMME forecasts of Niño-3.4 sea surface temperatures (SSTs) to predict local-scale P and T2M. Both SDBC and LWPR downscaled P showed skill in winter but no skill or limited skill in summer at all lead times for all NMME models. The SDBC downscaled T2M were skillful only for the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), model even at far lead times, whereas the LWPR downscaled T2M showed limited skill or no skill for all NMME models. In many cases, the LWPR method showed significantly higher skill than the SDBC. After bias correction, the SuperEns mostly showed higher skill than the MeanEns and most of the single models, but its skill did not outperform the best single model.
An Analysis of the 7 July 2004 Rockwell Pass, California, Tornado: Highest-Elevation Tornado Documented in the United States
Authors: Monteverdi John P. , Edwards Roger , Stumpf Gregory J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This manuscript documents the tornado in the Rockwell Pass area of Sequoia National Park, California, that occurred on 7 July 2004. Since the elevation of the tornado’s ground circulation was approximately 3705 m (~12 156 ft) MSL, this is the highest-elevation tornado documented in the United States. The investigation of the storm’s convective mode was performed mostly inferentially on the basis of an analysis of the radar imagery from Edwards Air Force Base (which was in clear-air mode on this day), objectively produced soundings and/or CAPE estimates from two mesoscale models, an objectively produced proximity sounding and hodograph, and analyses of satellite imagery. The nearest Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) in Hanford, California, could not be used to observe this storm because of terrain blockage by the Sierra Nevada, and the nearest sounding sites were too distant and in a different meteorological environment on this day. The near-storm environment may have been favorable briefly for a supercell in the upper portion of the Kern River Canyon. The limitations of the radar data precluded the authors from making a definitive conclusion on the convective mode of the storm but do not rule out the possibility that the storm briefly might have been a supercell. There was insufficient evidence, however, to support the notion that the tornado itself was mesocyclone induced. High LCL heights in the proximity sounding also suggest that the tornado was formed by processes not associated with a mesocyclone (popularly known as a “landspout”), but do not allow us to dismiss the possibility that the tornado was mesocyclone induced.
The Urban Heat Island in Manchester 1996–2011
Authors: Levermore GJ , Parkinson JB , Laycock PJ , Lindley S 
Published: September 2014

The urban heat island intensity (difference between a semi-rural and urban dry bulb air temperature, urban heat island intensity) has been analysed for Manchester using data from 1996 to 2011. The semi-rural sites were airfields and the urban site was 2 km from the centre of Manchester. Although the urban site was not as developed as the city centre it showed a significant urban heat island intensity. A stochastic model developed from the data showed that the maximum mean daily value would be about 6℃ which compared well with more detailed measurements. However, there was a highly significant trend of increasing urban heat island intensity which by the end of the century could add 2.4 K to the predicted climate change increase. An analysis of the urban morphology showed that the urban site had indeed become more urban over 9 years of the study, losing green spaces which mitigate against the urban heat island intensity. Practical application: The results from this paper will allow building and HVAC designers to consider the increase in the urban heat island in their designs when using future weather data. Although the results are for Manchester, similar trends may well apply to other similar-sized cities. Designers should consider the future weather data available, as their buildings will last for a considerable time so they should be as future-proofed as possible.
Response of Osteoarthritis to Ibuprofen or Flurbiprofen
Authors: Mena H R , Ehrlich G E , Giansiracusa J , Ward J , Gray J 
Published: September 2014

Flurbiprofen and ibuprofen, two propionic acid derivatives with anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, were compared in a double-blind multiclinic study in 195 patients with osteoarthritis of the peripheral joints. The patients were given 80 mg/day flurbiprofen or 1600 mg/day ibuprofen for six weeks. Pain, subjective evaluation and functional tests improved significantly in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the two treatments in any of the responses. Gastro-intestinal side-effects, generally mild, developed in 5-6% of the patients.
Simultaneous Use of Bleomycin and Radiotherapy in Malignant Tumours of the Head and Neck
Authors: De-la-Garza Jaime G , Olivares Francisco García , Armendariz Carlos , Flores-F Angel-Mario 
Published: September 2014

Twenty cases originally diagnosed as epidermoid carcinoma were observed with a view to determining whether a combination of radiation and intravenous bleomycin promoted regression of the tumours and if so what effect this had on survival. Signs of local toxicity with this combination were also looked for. Five cases yielded what was considered to be an excellent response, nine cases gave a good response and six cases had a poor response. It is recommended that future studies be carried out in epidermoid carcinoma with this combination of radiotherapy and bleomycin.
Effectiveness of Two New Cephalosporins, Cephazolin and Cephapirin, Administered Intermittently in Acute and Chronic Osteomyelitis in Children
Authors: Arango J L , Trujillo H , Worren D , Uribe A , Agudelo Nancy H , de Vidal Esther Luisa 
Published: September 2014

Ten patients were treated, most of pre-school age, with acute osteomyelitis, produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella, having evolved for approximately one week, with sodium cephazolin at doses of 60 mg/kg/day intramuscularly in two daily injections for the first seven days and then in a single dose every twenty-four hours for four to seven weeks. Nine of ten patients were asymptomatic six months after this treatment. The patient who manifested chronic signs at the end of six weeks of therapy continued to be treated with three weekly injections of the same drug at an equal dose until the completion of six months, at the end of which he was asymptomatic. Ten patients with chronic osteomyelitis having evolved for two months to five years, due to penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, were treated with cephapirin at the dose of 30 mg/kg in one daily injection intramuscularly for three to four weeks and then the same dose on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays until the completion of six months. Eight patients who required it were sequestrectomized. Seven of the ten patients improve and remained asymptomatic for the same period of observation. The three patients who did not show marked clinical improvement did exhibit an appreciable radiological recovery. We have presented these regimens of treatment with a view to encouraging research into the intermittent administration of bactericidal antibiotics for pyogenic infections; in spite of the good results, we do not dare to recommend them in daily practice.
Bioavailability of Digoxin and Beta-Methyl-Digoxin
Authors: Padeletti L , Fantini F , Cinelli P , Gremigni C 
Published: September 2014

In a randomized crossover study the bioavailability of a single dose of digoxin and of beta-methyl-digoxin tablets was tested in four normal volunteers. No difference was found between the two products in the rate and extent of drug absorption using 6 day cumulative urinary excretion and serial serum concentration measurements.
The Use of Flurazepam (Dalmane) as a Substitute for Barbiturates and Methaqualone/Diphenhydramine (Mandrax) in General Practice
Authors: Rooke K C 
Published: September 2014

A twelve-week study involving fifty-three patients is described as taking place in a practice with a higher than average geriatric population. The purpose of the study was to substitute flurazepam for habitually used barbiturates or methaqualone/diphenhydramine. Of the original fifty-three patients admitted to the study, fifty-one completed; the two drop-outs resulting from concomitant physical illness. Eighty-four per cent of patients were successfully changed to flurazepam. Of those who did not accept flurazepam, eight per cent accepted nitrazepam, while six per cent of patients were motivated to stop all hypnotics. During the three-month period of the study none of the well-known disadvantages of the barbiturates and methaqualone/diphenhydramine were seen with flurazepam. The author found flurazepam to be a very efficient hypnotic of relatively low toxicity which could be easily substituted for barbiturates and methaqualone/diphenhydramine in the treatment of long-term insomnia.