bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimentelle Untersuchungen für innovative erdbebensichere Konstruktionen im Holzbau
Authors: Vogt Tobias , Hummel Johannes , Schick Michael , Seim Werner 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDieser Fachaufsatz berichtet über die Ergebnisse umfangreicher experimenteller Untersuchungen an 20 Holzrahmenwänden und 15 Brettsperrholzwänden, bei denen praxisrelevante Fragestellungen im Zusammenhang mit der Erdbebenbemessung im Mittelpunkt standen. Besonderes Augenmerk wurde auf die Frage gelegt, welchen Einfluss unterschiedliche Auflagerdetails und Verankerungen auf die Verformungsfähigkeit und die Energiedissipation haben. Circa 90 kleinformatige Versuche an Verbindungsmitteleinheiten und Verankerungsdetails bildeten die Basis für Optimierungen, die bei den anschließenden Wandversuchen bereits erfolgreich getestet werden konnten. Eine wesentliche Erkenntnis aus den experimentellen Untersuchungen ist, dass bei seitlicher Verankerung im Holzrahmenbau Querzugverstärkungen im Bereich der Zugverankerung notwendig werden können, um das duktile Verhalten der Wandelemente zu gewährleisten. Darüber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine Verankerung auf der Beplankung keine Nachteile bringt. Die Beplankung mit Gipsfaserplatten führt in den Untersuchungen zu ähnlichen Werten in der Tragfähigkeit, der Duktilität und der Energiedissipation wie die Beplankung mit OSB‐Platten. Außerdem konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass auf den ersten Blick nachrangige Details wie die Anordnung von Elastomer‐Zwischenschichten zwischen Wand und Decke (aus Schallschutzgründen) einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Duktilität und die hysteretische Dämpfung von Wandelementen aus Brettsperrholz haben.Experimental tests for innovative and earthquake‐resistant timber‐constructionsThis paper presents the results from test series on 20 timber‐framed and 15 cross laminated timber (CLT) wall elements, which focus on practical aspects in connection with the design for earthquake resistance. The main objective was to learn about the influence of different types of anchoring and support conditions on displacement capacity (ductility) and energy dissipation. About 90 tests on connection and anchoring units aimed on optimization of construction details. These test results had already been used for the design of full scale tests. One important test result is, that failure due to shear‐tension interaction has to be prevented by reinforcement in the connection area of the hold down to ensure the ductile behavior of the wall elements. Furthermore it could be demonstrated, that asymmetric anchoring on one side of the wall doesn't affect ductility and energy dissipation. Wall elements with gypsum fiber boards (gfb) reach similar values for maximal load, ductility and energy dissipation compared to wall elements with osb. Moreover it was found, that construction details like using elastomer separation layers between wall and floor elements for sound insulation have a significant influence on ductility and hysteretic damping for CLT wall elements.
Simultaneous estimation of levodopa and carbidopa by RP‐HPLC using a fluorescence detector: its application to a pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Raut Prashant P. , Charde Shrikant Y. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic (RP‐HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of levodopa and carbidopa in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Chromatographic separation was achieved by using a C18 reverse‐phase column and a mixture of an aqueous phase (10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, pH 4.0) and methanol (90:10 v/v) as the mobile phase. Quantitative analysis of levodopa and carbidopa was performed using a fluorescence detector at an excitation wavelength of 280 nm and an emission wavelength of 310 nm. The method was linear between 5 and 500 ng/mL for both levodopa and carbidopa. The detection limits for levodopa and carbidopa were 0.30 and 0.60 ng/mL, respectively, whereas the quantitation limit was 0.80 ng/mL for levodopa and 1.2 ng/mL for carbidopa. The method demonstrated good and consistent recoveries (99.63–100.80% for levodopa and 98.97–100.94% for carbidopa) with low interday and intraday relative standard deviation. The validated method was successfully applied to quantify levodopa and carbidopa simultaneously in a pharmaceutical formulation. The method was found to be precise, sensitive and accurate for the simultaneous determination levodopa and carbidopa in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Acetylides in Dual Gold Catalysis: A Mechanistic Investigation of the Selectivity Difference in the Naphthalene Synthesis from Diynes
Authors: Graf Katharina , Hindenberg Philip D. , Tokimizu Yusuke , Naoe Saori , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Ohno Hiroaki , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUnder the conditions of dual activation catalysis with oxygen nucleophiles, β‐substituted naphthalenes were obtained from 1,2‐diethinyl arenes. Mechanistic studies, which include isotope labeling experiments, support that dual activation leads to β‐substituted naphthalenes, whereas α‐naphthalenes are formed by π activation only, and no gold acetylide or dual activation is involved in the formation of the α‐substituted products. Additional experiments on substrates that led to dibenzopentalenes support these mechanistic insights.
Potential Separation of SF6 from Air Using Chabazite Zeolite Membranes
Authors: Nouri Amir , Jafari Mostafa , Kazemimoghadam Mansour , Mohammadi Toraj 
Published: January 2014

AbstractChabazite zeolite membranes were synthesized by the secondary growth method. Chabazite powders were obtained by decomposition of zeolite Y and subsequent ion exchange to produce a fully exchanged potassium chabazite. The synthesized powders were used as seeds for membrane synthesis. Chabazite membranes were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis on porous α‐alumina disks as supports. The effects of synthesis parameters including synthesis temperature and synthesis time on the chabazite zeolite membranes were investigated. The synthesized powders and membranes were characterized and the separation performance of the synthesized membranes were evaluated by separation of N2/SF6 and O2/SF6 gas mixtures. Gas permeation results are discussed in terms of optimum synthesis temperature and time.
Observation of Pendular Liquid Bridge Formation in an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Schröter Felix , Schmidt Eberhard 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is used to observe bridge formation between particles under changing conditions. Variable parameters are particle size, shape, roughness, and binding agent. The results will help to determine influences and interactions, demonstrating the practicability of ESEMs to explore the dynamics of particles and particle beds under the influence of evaporation and condensation. The ESEM uses gaseous and liquid water in its chamber combined with a temperature‐controlled stage to condense binding fluids by changing pressure or temperature. For analysis of particle pairs, test setups are created of spherical and nonspherical particles attached to glass wafers. Replacements for water as binding agent are discussed and ranked for further steps.
Host–Guest Chemistry of Aromatic‐Amide‐Linked Bis‐ and Tris‐Calix[4]pyrroles with Bis‐Carboxylates and Citrate Anion
Authors: Cafeo Grazia , Gattuso Giuseppe , Kohnke Franz H. , Papanikolaou Georgia , Profumo Aldo , Rosano Camillo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA small library of polytopic receptors has been synthesized from meso‐p‐ and meso‐m‐aminophenylcalix[4]pyrroles and p‐ or m‐phthaloyl or trimesic chloride. Selected bis‐carboxylates and the citrate anion, which either exhibit altered distribution profiles in cancerous tissues in comparison with healthy tissues or are metabolites of carcinogenic substances (for example, trans,trans‐muconic acid from benzene exposure in humans) were tested as ligands. Varied affinities and binding modes were observed as a function of the number of calix[4]pyrroles and the topology of amide units present in each of the polytopic receptors. The structures of the 1:1 complexes derived by molecular modeling are in excellent agreement with the results of 1H NMR complexation studies.
Ruthenium Complexes of Tripodal Ligands with Pyridine and Triazole Arms: Subtle Tuning of Thermal, Electrochemical, and Photochemical Reactivity
Authors: Weisser Fritz , Hohloch Stephan , Plebst Sebastian , Schweinfurth David , Sarkar Biprajit 
Published: January 2014

AbstractElectrochemical and photochemical bond‐activation steps are important for a variety of chemical transformations. We present here four new complexes, [Ru(Ln)(dmso)(Cl)]PF6 (1–4), where Ln is a tripodal amine ligand with 4−n pyridylmethyl arms and n−1 triazolylmethyl arms. Structural comparisons show that the triazoles bind closer to the Ru center than the pyridines. For L2, two isomers (with respect to the position of the triazole arm, equatorial or axial), trans‐2sym and trans‐2un, could be separated and compared. The increase in the number of the triazole arms in the ligand has almost no effect on the RuII/RuIII oxidation potentials, but it increases the stability of the RuSdmso bond. Hence, the oxidation waves become more reversible from trans‐1 to trans‐4, and whereas the dmso ligand readily dissociates from trans‐1 upon heating or irradiation with UV light, the RuS bond of trans‐4 remains perfectly stable under the same conditions. The strength of the RuS bond is not only influenced by the number of triazole arms but also by their position, as evidenced by the difference in redox behavior and reactivity of the two isomers, trans‐2sym and trans‐2un. A mechanistic picture for the electrochemical, thermal, and photochemical bond activation is discussed with data from NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and spectroelectrochemistry.
Modulable and Highly Diastereoselective Carbometalations of Cyclopropenes
Authors: Didier Dorian , Delaye Pierre‐Olivier , Simaan Marwan , Island Biana , Eppe Guillaume , Eijsberg Hendrik , Kleiner Amir , Knochel Paul , Marek Ilan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Ilan Marek at Technion–Israel Institute of Technology. The image depicts how cyclopropenes can be used to access to a variety of small, quaternary carbon‐bearing chiral building blocks. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201303569.
Synthesis, Structure–Activity, and Structure–Stability Relationships of 2‐Substituted‐N‐(4‐oxo‐3‐oxetanyl) N‐Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase (NAAA) Inhibitors
Authors: Vitale Romina , Ottonello Giuliana , Petracca Rita , Bertozzi Sine Mandrup , Ponzano Stefano , Armirotti Andrea , Berteotti Anna , Dionisi Mauro , Cavalli Andrea , Piomelli Daniele , Bandiera Tiziano , Bertozzi Fabio 
Published: January 2014

AbstractN‐Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is a cysteine amidase that preferentially hydrolyzes saturated or monounsaturated fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), such as palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), which are endogenous agonists of nuclear peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α). Compounds that feature an α‐amino‐β‐lactone ring have been identified as potent and selective NAAA inhibitors and have been shown to exert marked anti‐inflammatory effects that are mediated through FAE‐dependent activation of PPAR‐α. We synthesized and tested a series of racemic, diastereomerically pure β‐substituted α‐amino‐β‐lactones, as either carbamate or amide derivatives, investigating the structure–activity and structure–stability relationships (SAR and SSR) following changes in β‐substituent size, relative stereochemistry at the α‐ and β‐positions, and α‐amino functionality. Substituted carbamate derivatives emerged as more active and stable than amide analogues, with the cis configuration being generally preferred for stability. Increased steric bulk at the β‐position negatively affected NAAA inhibitory potency, while improving both chemical and plasma stability.
Water Oxidation by Mononuclear Ruthenium Complex with a Pentadentate Isoquinoline–Bipyridyl Ligand
Authors: Vennampalli Manohar , Liang Guangchao , Webster Charles Edwin , Zhao Xuan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMononuclear ruthenium complexes with a pentadentate ligand, N,N‐bis[(isoquinolin‐1‐yl)methyl][6‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)pyridin‐2‐yl]methanamine (DIQ‐Bpy), were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, electrochemistry, and theoretical calculations. The oxidation of water by [Ru(DIQ‐Bpy)(H2O)]2+ was observed in the presence of excess amounts of CeIV. Relative to [Ru(DPA‐Bpy)(H2O)]2+ [DPA‐Bpy = N,N‐bis(2‐pyridinylmethyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine‐6‐methanamine], the substitution of pyridine groups in DPA‐Bpy with electron‐withdrawing isoquinolines results in higher redox potential and lower activity for the oxidation of water by [Ru(DIQ‐Bpy)(H2O)]2+. A kinetic study of water oxidation by [Ru(DPA‐Bpy)(H2O)]2+ suggests a mononuclear pathway for the oxidation of water. The noncovalent interaction between isoquinoline groups in [Ru(DIQ‐Bpy)(H2O)]2+, which favors the formation of dinuclear species, might account for the lower activity for water oxidation by [Ru(DIQ‐Bpy)(H2O)]2+.
4‐(Pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenediazonium Tetrafluoroborate: A Versatile Launch Pad for the Synthesis of Aromatic SF5 Compounds via Cross Coupling, Azo Coupling, Homocoupling, Dediazoniation, and Click Chemistry
Authors: Okazaki Takao , Laali Kenneth K. , Bunge Scott D. , Adas Sonya K. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe reagent 4‐(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (1) was synthesized and isolated as a stable salt for the first time; its application in a wide assortment of transformations was subsequently investigated. A series of novel SF5‐bearing alkenes, alkynes, and biaryl derivatives were synthesized by employing Heck–Matsuda, Sonogashira, and Suzuki coupling protocols. Dediazoniation with TMSX (X = Hal; N3; and CN) and NH4SCN in [BMIM][BF4] as solvent furnished the corresponding p‐SF5–C6H4X derivatives. The azide derivative p‐SF5–C6H4N3 entered into click chemistry with phenylacetylenes to furnish the corresponding triazoles. The 4,4′‐bis(pentafluorosulfanyl)biphenyl was synthesized by homo‐coupling using Pd(OAc)2. The corresponding azo compounds were obtained through azo‐coupling with reactive aromatic nucleophiles (1,3‐dimethoxybenzene, 1,3,5‐trimethoxybenzene, 1,2,4‐trimethoxybenzene, aniline and phenol). Fluorodediazoniation in [BMIM][PF6] and [BMIM][BF4] selectively furnished the fluoro derivative p‐SF5–C6H4F. Dediazoniation in [BMIM][NTf2] gave p‐SF5–C6H4OS(O)(CF3)=NSO2CF3 as the major and p‐SF5–C6H4‐NTf2 as the minor products. Homolytic dediazoniation in MeCN/NaI gave the unsymmetrical biaryls p‐SF5–C6H4‐Ar (ArH = mesitylene and p‐xylene) along with p‐SF5–C6H4I. Analysis of the dediazoniation product mixtures indicated that dediazoniation of p‐SF5–C6H4N2+ BF4– in low nucleophilicity, highly ionizing, solvents (TfOH, TFE, HFIP, TFAH) is mainly heterolytic, while in MeOH it is mainly homolytic. The isodesmic reaction p‐SF5–C6H4+ + R‐C6H5 → SF5–C6H5 + p‐R‐C6H4+ (with R = NO2, CF3, H) was gauged by DFT at various levels and by PCM.
The First Formation of (1Z)‐1‐Alkylidene‐1H‐isobenzofuranium Amides and 1H‐Inden‐1‐ones: Acid‐Promoted 5‐exo Cyclization and Hydration/Aldol Condensation Reactions of o‐Ethynylbenzophenones
Authors: Nagahora Noriyoshi , Wasano Tatsuya , Nozaki Kazuhiro , Ogawa Tamaki , Nishijima Shuhei , Motomatsu Daiki , Shioji Kosei , Okuma Kentaro 
Published: January 2014

Abstract(1Z)‐1‐(2,2‐Dimethylpropylidene)‐1H‐isobenzofuranium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amides were synthesized through 5‐exo cyclization reactions between sterically encumbered o‐alkynylbenzophenones and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Tf2NH). It was confirmed that the five‐membered‐ring isobenzofuranium amide isomerized to give the corresponding benzopyrylium amide, the six‐membered‐ring framework compound, in quantitative yield. Treatment of less encumbered o‐alkynylbenzophenones with Tf2NH at ambient temperature resulted in acid‐promoted hydration and sequential intramolecular aldol condensation reactions to afford 3‐aryl‐1H‐inden‐1‐one derivatives in good yields. The proposed reaction mechanism was strongly supported by the reaction behaviour of 4‐chloro‐ and 5‐methoxy‐2‐ethynylbenzophenone derivatives as substrates with Tf2NH, leading to the formation of the corresponding 3‐aryl‐1H‐inden‐1‐ones.
Einbau einer 1.000 m langen Schachtleitung
Authors: Hachmann Andreas 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn einem inzwischen stillgelegten Bergwerk der RAG Deutsche Steinkohle AG musste vor einiger Zeit eine neue Steigleitung für die zentrale Grubenklimatisierung in einen einziehenden Schacht ersetzt werden. Die rund 1.000 m lange Schachtleitung ist auf nur einer Hauptverlagerung in rund 500 m Teufe befestigt. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Montagevorbereitung und den Einbau der Leitung und gibt dabei einen Überblick über die hohen Sicherheitsanforderungen.Installation of a shaft line with a length of 1,000 mIn a now disused mine of the RAG Deutsche Steinkohle AG a new riser for the central pit air conditioning in a feeding chute had to be replaced. The 1,000 m long shaft line is fixed on a major shift only in around 500 m depth. The contribution describes the installation preparation and installation of the line and gives an overview of the high safety requirements.
On the impact of link layer retransmission schemes on TCP over 4G satellite links
Authors: Kuhn N. , Lochin E. , Lacan J. , Boreli R. , Clarac L. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYWe study the impact of reliability mechanisms introduced at the link layer on the performance of transport protocols in the context of 4G satellite links. Specifically, we design a software module that performs realistic analysis of the network performance, by utilizing real physical layer traces of a 4G satellite service. Based on these traces, our software module produces equivalent link layer traces, as a function of the chosen link layer reliability mechanism. We further utilize the link layer traces within the ns‐2 network simulator to evaluate the impact of link layer schemes on the performance of selected Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) variants. We consider erasure coding, selective‐repeat automatic request (ARQ) and hybrid‐ARQ link layer mechanisms, and TCP Cubic, Compound, Hybla, New Reno and Westwood. We show that, for all target TCP variants, when the throughput of the transport protocol is close to the channel capacity, using the ARQ mechanism is most beneficial for TCP performance improvement. In conditions where the physical channel error rate is high, hybrid‐ARQ results in the best performance for all TCP variants considered, with up to 22% improvements compared to other schemes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐scale correlation of rainfall rate based on data from Spanish sites
Authors: Garcia‐del‐Pino Pedro , Benarroch Ana , Riera Jose M. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYModern and future satellite systems working in the Ka and Q/V bands often require the application of site diversity to mitigate the degradations caused by rain. Satellite systems operating in these bands may make use of multi‐beam techniques to provide high‐capacity services. To achieve an efficient performance in both techniques, precise information is necessary on the occurrence of simultaneous rain fades in various links under a given satellite coverage. This is attained through the knowledge of the spatial characteristics of rainfall rate over the area of interest.The availability of a large database of rain gauge data from about 50 sites in Spain has allowed the undertaking of a study on the large‐scale spatial distribution of rainfall rate. Joint distributions and correlation parameters have been investigated for pairs of sites, and experimental results have been compared with predictions based on the ITU‐R site diversity model, obtaining the best results when stratiform rainfall is dominant in both sites. Some statistical dependence has been found even for distances above 700 km. The values obtained from the statistical analysis have been represented taking a given site as reference in maps of contour lines using standard mapping procedures. Correlation parameters are expected to decrease with distance; however, the contour maps reveal a significant influence of climatic and geographic factors such as weather fronts, orography or the proximity to the sea. The statistics and maps obtained are useful to optimise both power sharing in multi‐beam satellite systems and the application of site diversity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Student personality traits predicting individuation in relation to mothers and fathers
Authors: Zupančič Maja , Kavčič Tina 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe role of personality traits in 674 emerging adult students' (aged 18 to 28; 80% female) individuation in relation to parents was investigated cross‐sectionally. Self‐reports were obtained by the Big Five Inventory and the Individuation Test for Emerging Adults. Personality was predictive of measures of individuation, over and above the students' background characteristics, suggesting that personality can be viewed as an inner resource shaping experiences of individuation. Agreeableness contributed to support seeking, and connectedness with both parents, and Extraversion predicted connectedness with mothers. Conscientiousness was related negatively to both perceptions of parental intrusiveness and fear of disappointing the mother, whereas Neuroticism was predictive of perceptions of maternal intrusiveness, and fear of disappointing the parents. Openness was associated with self‐reliance in relationships with both parents, and demonstrated negative links with support seeking and connectedness with mothers. Few moderating effects of age and gender on Extraversion–individuation associations were revealed.
Are “Smart Pressure Monitored Suits” “Smarter” than Conventional Garments in Clinical Applications?*
Authors: Feng Beibei , Pao Wing Yi , Wu Anna , Li Hercy Chi Kong , Li-Tsang Cecilia Wai Ping 
Published: January 2014

Objective/Background There is still no standardized regime to prescribe pressure garments with quantifiable pressure dosage to patients with different medical conditions. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of a newly developed system [a smart pressure monitored suit (SPMS)] for pressure intervention when compared with the conventional method of pressure garment production (conventional garment or CG). The SPMS is designed with a set of standard methods of measurements and computerized pattern drafting software (YUKA) to adjust the pressure range through computation of the percentage of strain directly on the drafted pattern. The CG was fabricated by occupational therapists in clinical settings. Methods A selected group of patients who required pressure therapy intervention was recruited through convenience sampling. They were provided with both a SPMS and a CG, each to be worn for 1 month. The interface pressure levels of both garments were measured before the implementation. Patients’ feedback was collected using a standardized questionnaire on the comfort of wear, elasticity, and durability of the garments. Results There was a significant difference in the deterioration of pressure between the SPMSs and the CGs (p < .05) before and after 1 month of wear. The satisfaction on overall efficacy of the SPMSs was significantly higher than that of CGs (p < .05). Conclusion This standardized system using a SPMS appeared to provide a more accurate and consistent pressure range and long-lasting effect to the patients. It also appeared to be more efficient and effective in terms of production and fabrication.