bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Roles of Cellular Nanomechanics in Cancer
Authors: Yallapu Murali M. , Katti Kalpana S. , Katti Dinesh R. , Mishra Sanjay R. , Khan Sheema , Jaggi Meena , Chauhan Subhash C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe biomechanical properties of cells and tissues may be instrumental in increasing our understanding of cellular behavior and cellular manifestations of diseases such as cancer. Nanomechanical properties can offer clinical translation of therapies beyond what are currently employed. Nanomechanical properties, often measured by nanoindentation methods using atomic force microscopy, may identify morphological variations, cellular binding forces, and surface adhesion behaviors that efficiently differentiate normal cells and cancer cells. The aim of this review is to examine current research involving the general use of atomic force microscopy/nanoindentation in measuring cellular nanomechanics; various factors and instrumental conditions that influence the nanomechanical properties of cells; and implementation of nanoindentation methods to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells or tissues. Applying these fundamental nanomechanical properties to current discoveries in clinical treatment may result in greater efficiency in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer, which ultimately can change the lives of patients.
Human Beta‐papillomavirus infection and keratinocyte carcinomas
Authors: Quint Koen D , Genders Roel E , de Koning Maurits NC , Borgogna Cinzia , Gariglio Marisa , Bouwes Bavinck Jan Nico , Doorbar John , Feltkamp Mariet C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAlthough the role of oncogenic human Alpha‐papillomaviruses (HPVs) in the development of mucosal carcinomas at different body sites (eg cervix, anus, oropharynx) is fully recognized, a role for HPV in keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs; basal and squamous cell carcinomas) of the skin is not yet clear. KCs are the most common cancers in Caucasians, with the major risk factor being ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. A possible role for Beta‐HPV types (BetaPV) in the development of KC was suggested several decades ago, supported by a number of epidemiological studies. Our current review summarizes the recent molecular and histopathological evidence in support of a causal association between BetaPV and the development of KC, and outlines the suspected synergistic effect of viral gene expression with UV radiation and immune suppression. Further insights into the molecular pathways and protein interactions used by BetaPV and the host cell is likely to extend our understanding of the role of BetaPV in KC. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salivary gland carcinomas in children and adolescents: The Italian TREP project experience
Authors: Chiaravalli Stefano , Guzzo Marco , Bisogno Gianni , De Pasquale Maria Debora , Migliorati Roberta , De Leonardis Francesco , Collini Paola , Casanova Michela , Cecchetto Giovanni , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundSalivary gland carcinomas are extremely rare in pediatric age. We report the clinical features of a series of children/adolescents with salivary gland carcinomas prospectively registered in the Italian TREP (Rare Tumors in Pediatric Age) project.ProceduresDiagnostic/therapeutic guidelines were developed and shared among Italian pediatric oncology/surgical centers.ResultsSeventeen patients were registered between 2000 and 2012, representing 19% of the cases expected to be seen based on epidemiological data. Tumors arose mainly in the parotid gland (14 cases). In most cases they were low‐grade tumors (14 cases), often with a favorable clinical presentation, and low‐stage disease. All patients underwent surgical resection, achieving histologically free margins in 9/17 cases. Thirteen of the 14 patients with parotid gland tumors had parotidectomy (10 total, 3 superficial), while one had a tumorectomy. Postoperative facial nerve lesions were reported in two cases. Adjuvant radiotherapy was given to 6 patients. The overall prognosis was good: only one patient with a huge high‐grade tumor experienced disease progression and died of the disease. The other 16 patients were alive in first continuous remission 1–8 years after diagnosis. In 4/17 cases, the salivary gland carcinoma was a second tumor occurring 6–9 years after another primary cancer.ConclusionsThis is the first reported prospective national cooperative series of pediatric salivary gland carcinoma patients. Compliance with the TREP recommendations was high. These tumors are rarely managed by pediatric oncologists/surgeons. A broader international cooperation and better networking with otolaryngologists and head‐neck surgeons expert on adult salivary gland carcinomas would be advisable. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1961–1968. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A randomized trial of cefozopran versus cefepime as empirical antibiotic treatment of febrile neutropenia in pediatric cancer patients
Authors: Sarashina Takeo , Kobayashi Ryoji , Yoshida Makoto , Toriumi Naohisa , Suzuki Daisuke , Sano Hirozumi , Azuma Hiroshi 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundFebrile neutropenia (FN) is a common and serious complication of cancer chemotherapy associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Cefozopran (CZOP) is a potential candidate for empirical monotherapy in FN. However, studies on the use of CZOP as empirical treatment for pediatric patients with FN are quite limited. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of CZOP with cefepime (CFPM) empirical monotherapy in pediatric cancer patients with FN.ProceduresA total of 64 patients with 224 episodes of FN were randomly assigned to receive antibiotic therapy with either CZOP (100 mg/kg/day) or CFPM (100 mg/kg/day). Of these episodes, 223 were considered eligible for the study. Success was defined as resolution of febrile episodes and clinical signs of infection within 120 hr following the start of antibiotic therapy.ResultsThe success rate was not significantly different between the CZOP (64.0%) and CFPM (56.3%) groups (P = 0.275). Duration of fever, duration of antibiotic therapy, and the success rate in patients with blood stream infection did not differ between the two groups. There was no infection‐related mortality in the study period.ConclusionBoth CZOP and CFPM as monotherapy appear to be effective and safe in pediatric patients. This study suggests that CZOP has satisfactory efficacy and is well tolerated as initial empirical therapy for pediatric cancer patients with FN. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1992–1995. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST): A SEER analysis of incidence across the age spectrum and therapeutic interventions in the pediatric population
Authors: Bates James E. , Peterson Carl R. , Dhakal Sughosh , Giampoli Ellen J. , Constine Louis S. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are very rare in the general population and challenging to treat. A paucity of data exists regarding the incidence of MPNST across all age groups and treatment outcomes in the pediatric population. We aimed to characterize both using the Survival, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.ProcedureThe SEER‐18 database with information on the United States population from 1973 to 2009 was queried for cases of MPNST. For incidence data, 1,182 cases were found among the general population. Of those, 165 cases were in individuals aged 0–19. After exclusions, 139 cases from the SEER‐18 database met study criteria for outcomes analysis. For each patient, variables including gender, age, race, stage (localized, regional, or distant), surgical treatment, and radiotherapy were obtained.ResultsThe overall incidence of MPNST was 1.46 per million person‐years, with increased incidence among the elderly. In the pediatric population, the incidence was 0.56 per million person‐years, and was higher among post‐pubertal children aged 10–19. Median overall survival in the pediatric population was 30 months, with only localized disease and treatment with surgery being positive prognostic factors on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsMPNST is a rare disease and, among children, is most frequent seen in adolescents. Surgery is crucial as first‐line treatment for MPNST, especially if the tumor is localized at diagnosis. In patients with non‐localized MPNST, the disease remains extremely difficult to manage, and both surgery and radiotherapy are interventions that should be considered. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1955–1960. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surgical management of thymic epithelial tumors in children: Lessons from the French Society of pediatric oncology and review of the literature
Authors: Rod J. , Orbach D. , Verité C. , Coze C. , Stephan J.L. , Varlet F. , Thomas‐de‐Montpreville V. , Reguerre Y. , Besse B. , Sarnacki S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurposeWe report the results of a French multicenter retrospective study based on a period of more than 30 years and a review of the literature in order to more clearly define the surgical approach and specific pediatric risk factors.MethodsClinical data of children comprising all histologic subtypes of thymic epithelial tumors (TET) treated between 1979 and 2009 in French pediatric oncology centers were retrospectively analyzed and discussed in the light of a review of all pediatric cases reported in the literature.ResultsNine cases were identified, corresponding to five females and four males with a median age of 13 years (range: 7.5–17). Histologic subtypes were type AB (n = 1), type B (n = 5) and type C (n = 3). Treatment consisted of tumor resection (4 R0, 4 R1, 1 R2) via right anterior thoracotomy, posterolateral thoracotomy, left thoracoscopy, sternotomy and cervicosternotomy, and/or chemotherapy, mainly cyclophosphamide‐doxorubicin‐cisplatin (CAP; n = 5), and/or radiotherapy (n = 4). Two patients with TET type C died. All other patients are alive with a median follow‐up of 4 years (range: 1.5–20). Review of a total of 93 pediatric cases reported in the literature showed statistically significant associations between less favorable histologic subtypes and male gender (P = 0.012), advanced Masaoka stage (P < 0.001) and quality of resection (P < 0.001) respectively.ConclusionsA review of the literature and our series identified several risk factors to take into account in the therapeutically decision. Complete resection through a sternotomy is highly recommended. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1910–1915. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of SLCO1B1 521T > C variant on leucovorin rescue and risk of relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with high‐dose methotrexate
Authors: Zhang Hua‐Nian , He Xue‐Lian , Wang Cheng , Wang Yang , Chen Yu‐Jun , Li Jian‐Xin , Niu Chang‐He , Gao Ping 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundRecent studies suggest that SLCO1B1 c.521T > C variant decreases the clearance of methotrexate (MTX) and elevates its plasma concentration, hence leucovorin doses may need to be adjusted. However, high leucovorin doses may affect the cure rate in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Hitherto neither the appropriate dose of leucovorin in carriers of SLCO1B1 c.521T > C variant nor the impact of SLCO1B1 polymorphism on the risk of ALL relapse has been clarified.ProcedureA double‐blind and controlled study was conducted in 136 children with ALL. They were genotyped for rs4149056 single nucleotide polymorphism into wild‐type group and variant group, and received MTX at 3–5 g/m2. Plasma concentration MTX and its metabolite were determined by HPLC. The toxicity of MTX, dose of leucovorin and 5‐year relapse rate of ALL were recorded.ResultsCompared with wild‐type group, area under the concentration time curve of MTX increased by 4.2‐fold and peripheral clearance rate decreased significantly in variant group. Patients carrying rs4149056 C allele endured a remarkable longer time above the MTX safety threshold and suffered from a higher frequency of toxicity, so 2.2‐fold leucovorin was given. However, no association was found between SLCO1B1 c.521T > C variant and the relapse risk in five years.ConclusionsThe SLCO1B1 c.521T > C variant was an important determinant of MTX disposition and their carriers were exposed to increased intensity and time of MTX. An appropriate leucovorin dose raise in variant group was beneficial to reducing the serious toxicity. The c.521T > C variant wasn't associated with the risk of ALL relapse. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2203–2207. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Revisiting thiol‐yne chemistry: Selective and efficient monoaddition for block and graft copolymer formation
Authors: Sprafke Johannes K. , Spruell Jason M. , Mattson Kaila M. , Montarnal Damien , McGrath Alaina J. , Pötzsch Robert , Miyajima Daigo , Hu Jerry , Latimer Allegra A. , Voit Brigitte I. , Aida Takuzo , Hawker Craig J. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe untapped potential of radical thiol‐yne mono‐addition chemistry is exploited to overcome the known limitations of thiol‐ene chemistry in polymer coupling and block copolymer formation. By careful choice of alkyne, the reaction can selectively lead to the mono‐addition product with efficiencies surpassing those achieved by traditional thiol‐ene chemistry. This improvement is illustrated by the nearly quantitative synthesis of a variety of diblock and graft copolymers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 319–326
Chiral sensing of Eu(III)‐containing achiral polymer complex from chiral amino acids coordination induction
Authors: Dai Chunhui , Wang Yuxiang , Quan Yiwu , Chen Qingmin , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe β‐diketonate‐based achiral polymer P‐1 could be synthesized by the polymerization of 3,7‐dibromo‐2,8‐dimethoxy‐5,5‐dioctyl‐5H‐dibenzo[b,d]silole (M1) with (Z)−1,3‐bis(4‐ethynylphenyl)−3‐hydroxyprop‐en‐1‐one (M2) via typical Sonogashira coupling reaction. The β‐diketonate unit in the main chain backbone of P‐1 can further coordinate with Eu(TTA)x [TTA− = 4,4,4‐trifluoro‐1‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)butane‐1,3‐dionate anion, X = 1, 2, 3] to afford corresponding Eu(III)‐containing polymer complexes. The resulting achiral polymer complex P‐2 (X = 2) can exhibit strong circular dichroism (CD) response toward both N‐Boc‐l and d‐proline enantiomers. The CD signal was preliminarily attributed to coordination induction between chiral N‐Boc‐proline and the Eu(III) complex moiety. The linear regression analysis of CD sensing shows a good agreement between the magnitude of molar ellipticity and concentration of chiral N‐Boc‐l or d‐proline, which indicates this kind Eu(III)‐containing achiral polymer complex can be used as a chiral probe for enantioselective recognition of N‐Boc‐l or d‐proline enantiomers based on Cotton effect of CD spectra. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 3080–3086
Randomized controlled pilot study of mindfulness‐based stress reduction for persistently fatigued cancer survivors
Authors: Johns Shelley A. , Brown Linda F. , Beck‐Coon Kathleen , Monahan Patrick O. , Tong Yan , Kroenke Kurt 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveCancer‐related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common, persistent, and disabling symptoms associated with cancer and its treatment. Evidence‐based treatments that are acceptable to patients are critically needed. This study examined the efficacy of mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) for CRF and related symptoms.MethodA sample of 35 cancer survivors with clinically significant CRF was randomly assigned to a 7‐week MBSR‐based intervention or wait‐list control group. The intervention group received training in mindfulness meditation, yoga, and self‐regulatory responses to stress. Fatigue interference (primary outcome) and a variety of secondary outcomes (e.g., fatigue severity, vitality, disability, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance) were assessed at baseline, post‐intervention, and 1‐month follow‐up. Bonferroni correction was employed to account for multiple comparisons. Controls received the intervention after the 1‐month follow‐up. Participants in both groups were followed for 6 months after completing their respective MBSR courses to assess maintenance of effects.ResultsCompared to controls, the MBSR group reported large post‐intervention reductions as assessed by effect sizes (d) in the primary outcome, fatigue interference (d = −1.43, p < 0.001), along with fatigue severity (d = −1.55, p < 0.001), vitality (d = 1.29, p < 0.001), depression (d = −1.30, p < 0.001), and sleep disturbance (d = −0.74, p = 0.001). Results were maintained or strengthened at 1‐month follow‐up, the point at which significant improvements in disability (d = −1.22, p < 0.002) and anxiety (d = −0.98, p = 0.002) occurred. Improvements in all outcomes were maintained 6 months after completing the course. MBSR adherence was high, with 90% attendance across groups and high rates of participant‐reported home practice of mindfulness.ConclusionsMindfulness‐based stress reduction is a promising treatment for CRF and associated symptoms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association Between Sexual Health and Delivery Mode
Authors: Song Mihyon , Ishii Hiroshi , Toda Masahiro , Tomimatsu Takuji , Katsuyama Hironobu , Nakamura Takafumi , Nakai Yuichiro , Shimoya Koichiro 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Female sexual function changes considerably during pregnancy and the postpartum period. In addition, women's physical and mental health, endocrine secretion, and internal and external genitalia vary during these times. However, there are limited studies on the relationship between delivery and sexual function.

Aim
The present study aimed to demonstrate the association between sexual function and delivery mode.

Methods
Mothers who delivered a single baby at term were recruited for the study, and 435 mothers were analyzed.

Main Outcome Measures
The Female Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ28) scores and mothers' backgrounds were assessed at 6 months after delivery.

Results
The delivery mode affected the SFQ28 partner domain. Episiotomy affected the arousal (sensation) domain. Multiple regression analysis revealed that maternal age and cesarean section were significantly associated with several SHQ28 domains.

Conclusion
This study suggests that routine episiotomies at delivery should be avoided to improve postpartum maternal sexual function. Maternal age and cesarean section were found to affect postpartum sexual health.
Physical layer orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing acquisition and timing synchronization security
Authors: La Pan Matthew J. , Clancy T. Charles , McGwier Robert W. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOrthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) has become the manifest modulation choice for 4G standards. Timing acquisition and carrier frequency offset synchronization are prerequisite to OFDM demodulation and must be performed often. Most of the OFDM methods for synchronization were not designed with security in mind. In particular, we analyze the performance of a maximum likelihood synchronization estimator against highly correlated jamming attacks. We present a series of attacks against OFDM timing acquisition: preamble whitening, the false preamble attack, preamble warping, and preamble nulling.The performance of OFDM synchronization turns out to be very poor against these attacks, and a number of mitigation strategies and security improvements are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application and validation of incrementally complex models for wind turbine aerodynamics, isolated wind turbine in uniform inflow conditions
Authors: Gundling Chris , Sitaraman Jay , Roget Beatrice , Masarati Pierangelo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA comparison of several incrementally complex methods for predicting wind turbine performance, aeroelastic behavior, and wakes is provided. Depending on a wind farm's design, wake interference can cause large power losses and increased turbulence levels within the farm. The goal is to employ modeling methods to reach an improved understanding of wake effects and to use this information to better optimize the layout of new wind farms. A critical decision faced by modelers is the fidelity of the model that is selected to perform simulations. The choice of model fidelity can affect the accuracy, but will also greatly impact the computational time and resource requirements for simulations. To help address this critical question, three modeling methods of varying fidelity have been developed side by side and are compared in this article. The models from low to high complexity are as follows: a blade element‐based method with a free‐vortex wake, an actuator disc‐based method, and a full rotor‐based method. Fluid/structure interfaces are developed for the aerodynamic modeling approaches that allow modeling of discrete blades and are then coupled with a multibody structural dynamics solver in order to perform an aeroelastic analysis. Similar methods have individually been tested by researchers, but we suggest that by developing a suite of models, they can be cross‐compared to grasp the subtleties of each method. The modeling methods are applied to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Phase VI rotor to predict the turbine aerodynamic and structural loads and then also the wind velocities in the wake. The full rotor method provides the most accurate predictions at the turbine and the use of adaptive mesh refinement to capture the wake to 20 radii downstream is proven particularly successful. Though the full rotor method is unmatched by the lower fidelity methods in stalled conditions and detailed prediction of the downstream wake, there are other less complex conditions where these methods perform as accurately as the full rotor method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.