bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Location and development of larvae of Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in experimentally infected asps Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pisces: Cyprinidae)
Authors: Dziekońska-Rynko Janina , Rokicki Jerzy , Mierzejewska Katarzyna , Wziątek Bogdan , Bielecki Aleksander 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Laboratory-reproduced and bred asps were experimentally infected with Contracaecum rudolphii larvae, either directly or with previously infected copepods. In the fish exposed to larval infection, the intensity and prevalence of infection were noticeably higher than in the group exposed to copepods. The course of larvae development was similar in both groups. In the larvae measuring ca. 1000 μm in length, the gastrointestinal tract with a developed ventriculus, ventricular appendix and intestinal caecum was clearly visible. The mouth was surrounded by three lips. Over the 10-week experimental period, slightly-coiled larvae surrounded with a thin theca but no encysted larvae were found in the fish exposed to larvae. On the other hand, spirally-stranded and encysted larvae were observed after the 7th week in the fish exposed to infected copepods. The results demonstrated that in the experimentally infected asps, the intensity and prevalence of infection as well as the location of the larvae in a fish depended on the type of invasive material applied.
Praise and Blame in Philosophy of Religion
Authors: Taliaferro Charles , Dressen Austin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract: Of all the sub-fields of philosophy, it appears to us that philosophy of religion (or philosophical theology) arouses the most skepticism and derision from non-philosophers of religion. It is not unusual for secular philosophers to accuse philosophers of religion of engaging in a practice without any hope of gaining serious philosophical insights. We offer some examples of such disdain and record how some see the field of philosophy of religion as dominated by Christian apologists who are not really practising philosophy at all. We believe that praise and blame have a rightful place in philosophy of religion, and philosophy in general, but our main focus is on times when blame seems inappropriate. We argue that some of the blame levelled by prominent philosophers against philosophers of religion and the field itself are, in fact, unjustified and not in the spirit of constructive, fruitful philosophical dialogue. We contend that by any fair assessment of the field of philosophy of religion, it is not dominated by Christian apologists and, on the basis of a number of non-question-begging criteria, the field seems as healthy as any other respected sub-field of philosophy. We conclude with a modest explanation as to why philosophy of religion arouses the disparagement it does.
Development of microsatellite markers for two Australian Persoonia (Proteaceae) species using two different techniques
Authors: Stingemore Jessica A. , Nevill Paul G. , Gardner Michael G. , Krauss Siegfried L. 
Published: October 2013

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed and cross‐species transferability assessed for two Persoonia species to evaluate genetic diversity and population genetic structure of these broadly distributed southwest Australian tree species.• Methods and Results: Microsatellite‐enriched libraries and 454 GS‐FLX shotgun sequencing were used to identity nine microsatellite loci for P. elliptica (one 454; eight cloning) and six for P. longifolia (three 454; three cloning). These loci were screened for variation in individuals from populations in southwestern Australia. In P. elliptica, observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.46 to 0.93 and 0.42 to 0.88, respectively. For P. longifolia, observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.04 to 0.88 and 0.04 to 0.84, respectively.• Conclusions: The microsatellites identified in this study will enable the examination of population and spatial structuring of genetic diversity in P. elliptica and P. longifolia, two priority species for mine site restoration in southwestern Australia.
A New Simplified One-Port Laparoscopic Technique for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement
Authors: Kao Chun-Yu , Chuang Jiin-Haur , Lee Shin-Yi 
Published: October 2013

Background Various techniques for laparoscopic insertion of a peritoneal dialysis catheter have been described. Usually 2 – 3 ports are required, and complications related to the port sites (such as abdominal wall hernia, leakage, and hemorrhage) cannot be avoided. To minimize the potential complications, we designed a simplified 1-port laparoscopic technique for peritoneal dialysis catheter placement. Methods We conducted a retrospective data review of 44 patients who underwent 1-port laparoscopic insertion of a Tenckhoff catheter from June 2009 to February 2011. All patient data, including postoperative complications, were analyzed. Results The mean follow-up period was 11.52 months. All catheters were working properly, except in 1 patient who developed peritonitis 3 months after catheter placement. (The catheter was removed.) No postoperative abdominal wall hemorrhage, early leaks, hernias, or catheter migration occurred. No exit-site or tunnel infections were observed. Conclusions Our 1-port laparoscopic technique provides excellent catheter fixation, avoids excessive port sites, and yields good cosmesis. The low complication rate and the simplicity of the method justify its standard use for Tenckhoff catheter placement.
Increased Risk of Fatal Infections in Women Starting Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Ros Silvia , Remón Cesar , Qureshi Abdul Rashid , Quiros Pedro , Lindholm Bengt , Carrero Juan Jesús 
Published: October 2013

Background and Objectives Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease, non-CVD causes account for more than 50% of total deaths. We previously showed that, compared with men, women starting dialysis—both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (PD)—have higher non-CVD mortality rates. Here, we evaluate sex-specific outcomes in a large cohort of incident PD patients. Methods Incident de novo PD patients from the Andalusian SICATA Registry for 1999 – 2010, with follow-up until 31 December 2010 or up to 5 years, were investigated for fatal outcomes. Causes of death were extracted from medical records. The analysis used traditional and competing-risk Cox models for all-cause and cause-specific mortality in men and women, correcting in the competing-risk models for the events of kidney transplantation and transfer to hemodialysis. Results A total of 1458 patients (57% men; mean overall age: 55.3 ± 17.0 years) initiated PD in Andalusia during the study period. During follow-up, 350 deaths, 355 renal transplantation procedures, and 331 transfers to hemodialysis were recorded. Vascular disease and diabetic nephropathy were the most frequent causes of kidney failure in men; other causes were more common in women. In the traditional Cox model, both sexes showed a similar all-cause mortality risk [crude hazard ratio (HR): 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72 to 1.12]. However, with respect to specific causes of death, women showed a borderline lower risk of both CVD (crude HR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.99) and non-CVD mortality from other than infection (crude HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.57 to 1.15). In contrast, the risk of death from infection was almost doubled in women compared with men (crude HR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.15 to 3.20), a finding that held true after multivariate adjustment for age, primary renal disease, period of inclusion, and initial PD modality (adjusted HR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.03 to 3.01). This result was confirmed even taking into consideration the competing events of kidney transplantation and transfer to hemodialysis. Conclusions Compared with men starting PD, women starting PD are at higher risk of mortality from infection. More stringent screening measures and corrective efforts in women might be indicated.
Is Dialysis Modality a Factor in the Survival of Patients Initiating Dialysis after Kidney Transplant Failure?
Authors: Perl Jeffrey , Dong James , Rose Caren , Jassal Sarbjit Vanita , Gill John S. 
Published: October 2013

Background Kidney transplant failure (TF) is among the leading causes of dialysis initiation. Whether survival is similar for patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and with hemodialysis (HD) after TF is unclear and may inform decisions concerning dialysis modality selection. Methods Between 1995 and 2007, 16 113 adult dialysis patients identified from the US Renal Data System initiated dialysis after TF. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the impact of initial dialysis modality (1 865 PD, 14 248 HD) on early (1-year) and overall mortality in an intention-to-treat approach. Results Compared with HD patients, PD patients were younger (46.1 years vs 49.4 years, p < 0.0001) with fewer comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (23.1% vs 25.7%, p < 0.0001). After adjustment, survival among PD patients was greater within the first year after dialysis initiation [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74 to 0.97], but lower after 2 years (AHR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.29). During the entire period of observation, survival in both groups was similar (AHR for PD compared with HD: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.20). In a sensitivity analysis restricted to a cohort of 1865 propensity-matched pairs of HD and PD patients, results were similar (AHR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.93 to 1.14). Subgroups of patients with a body mass index exceeding 30 kg/m2 [AHR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.52) and with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 5 mL/min/1.73 m2 (AHR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.98) experienced inferior overall survival when treated with PD. Conclusions Compared with HD, PD is associated with an early survival advantage, inferior late survival, and similar overall survival in patients initiating dialysis after TF. Those data suggest that increased initial use of PD among patients returning to dialysis after TF may be associated with improved outcomes, except among patients with a higher BMI and those who initiate dialysis at lower levels of eGFR. The reasons behind the inferior late survival seen in PD patients are unclear and require further study.
La reconnaissance sans limite et sans condition
Authors: About Michel 
Published: October 2013

Malgré l’attention déployée à l’écoute des traumatismes subis dans la petite enfance chez nos patients, la psychothérapie peut montrer des limites, comme l’illustre ce cas. La colère de la patiente, qui domine ses séances de bout en bout, n’est-elle pas l’expression de sa vitalité retrouvée après une période de détresse totale qui a traversé sa vie ? Le déroulement de cette cure inachevée interroge également la relation transféro-contre-transférentielle et ses aléas, et la nécessité de poursuivre sans relâche le travail d’autoanalyse.
« On ne parle pas patois à l'école »
Authors: Bourgoin Hélène 
Published: October 2013

Par une démarche de type Balint destinée aux enseignants appelée « soutien au soutien », des enseignants de lycée professionnel se sont autorisés à une attitude institutionnelle moins surmoïque. C’est alors qu’ils ont renforcé la contenance d’élèves en très grande difficulté. Ceux-ci ont alors pu développer une attitude créative dans l’enceinte scolaire. En s’appuyant sur ce travail, la recherche de l’assouplissement des relations d’une circonscription du premier degré a permis une dynamique de travail imaginative et innovante au service de la qualité de l’enseignement.
L'adolescence : l'entre-deux de tous les paradoxes
Authors: Delafraye Jocelyne 
Published: October 2013

Professeur de philosophie, j’anime, au sein d’un lycée, un atelier de « philothérapie » destiné à des élèves de premières littéraires, dont l’esprit socratique est « Connais-toi toi-même ». La médiation par les textes introduit du tiers et favorise, chez les adolescents, l’émergence des inquiétudes existentielles et permet de relier l’individuel de leurs questionnements à l’universel de la condition humaine. Parallèlement, j’ai été amenée à accompagner, de manière plus personnelle, un élève souffrant de « phobie scolaire ». De ces rencontres avec les adolescents au fil des ans, de ce qu’ils m’ont appris d’eux-mêmes, des émotions qu’ils ont fait naître en moi, est né cet article théorique.
Molecular surveillance of <i>Theileria ovis, Theileria lestoquardi</i> and <i>Theileria annulata</i> infection in sheep and ixodid ticks in Iran
Authors: Razmi Gholamreza , Yaghfoori Saeed 
Published: October 2013

A molecular study was undertaken to detect Theileria ovis, Theileria lestoquardi and Theileria annulatain sheep and tick vectors. Investigation was conducted from 2010 to 2011 in the south of Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. A total of 150 blood samples were collected from 30 different sheep flocks. In addition, ixodid ticks were sampled from the same flocks. The stained blood smears were microscopically examined for the presence of piroplasms and a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction (PCR) was used for subsequent molecular speciation. Salivary glands were isolated from the ticks and subsequently analysed by semi-nested PCR. polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to differentiate between T. lestoquardi and T. annulata from PCR-positive samples. Theileria species infection was microscopically detected in 18.6% of blood smears. The presence of T. ovis and T. lestoquardi or T. annulata was detected by semi-nested PCR in 58.6% and 6.6% of blood samples respectively. In total, 169 ixodid ticks were collected from different areas of the province. The most prevalent ticks were Rhipicephalus turanicus (n = 155; 91.7% of the total), followed by Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (n = 8; 4.7%) and Hyalomma marginatum turanicum (n = 6; 3.5%). From an organ pooling of 33 ticks, three pools of salivary glands from R. turanicus were positive for Theileria species by semi-nested PCR. Of the three R. turanicus samples testing positive for Theileria species, two (6.1%) were positive for T. ovis and one (3.0%) for T. lestoquardi or T. annulata. Amongst the 11 PCR-positive samples for T. lestoquardi or T. annulata, 10 were positive for T. lestoquardi and one sample was positive for both T. lestoquardi and T. annulata using PCR-RFLP. The results also demonstrated that PCR-RFLP could be used for the detection of T. ovis. Based on the results, it can be concluded that T. ovis has a higher prevalence than T. lestoquardi, and that R. turanicus could be a possible vector for T. ovis and T. lestoquardi. Finally, the PCR-RFLP based on Msp1 restriction enzyme is a simple method for differentiation of Theileria species in sheep and ixodid ticks.
A pilot survey of decisions by acute medicine staff after thunderclap headache
Authors: Dobb B , Cooper J 
Published: October 2013

Introduction and aims: Traditionally, neurologically pristine patients with a thunderclap headache are investigated with a non-contrast computed tomography (CT) brain scan, which if negative is followed by a lumbar puncture (LP) to exclude important secondary causes, particularly subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). However, misdiagnosis of such patients is still a cause of significant human and financial cost and a regular reason for medical litigation. This study explores the approach of emergency medicine and acute medicine clinicians to the investigation of a patient with thunderclap headache. Methods: Clinicians were invited to complete an online survey based on a clinical vignette of a 45-year-old man presenting with a thunderclap headache who had a pristine neurological examination. Results: A total of 160 clinicians responded. The majority (89%) elected to perform a non-contrast CT brain as their first investigation, though five clinicians discharged the patient without investigation. If the CT was negative, only 84% would then proceed to LP, but 20% would undertake this investigation before 12 hours from headache onset. Conclusions: Most clinicians investigate neurologically intact patients with thunderclap headache following a CT/LP strategy, but deviations from recommended practice are common.
Views of the chairs of Scottish health boards on engagement with quality management and comparisons with English trusts
Authors: Bream E , Jha AK , Epstein AM , Black N 
Published: October 2013

Objective: To describe the views of the chairs of Scottish health boards on the engagement of their boards with healthcare quality and to compare them with the views of the chairs of boards of English acute trusts. The focus of the Scottish Health Boards is on providing and commissioning care, while in England the acute trusts only provide care. Methods: We mailed a questionnaire, based on one used in England, to the 14 health board chairs in NHS Scotland in January 2011. The results were compared with the results of a similar questionnaire given to English acute trust chairs in 2009. Results: Most chairs in Scotland (67%) prioritised oversight of quality. Quality is considered at most Board meetings (92%), taking over 20% of time for 69% of chairs. Most boards have local quality targets and feedback quality data to staff. Compared with England, boards in Scotland meet less frequently and focus less on quality (shorter discussions, less frequent data review, fewer local targets) but they are more optimistic about their board’s performance. Conclusions: Although most chairs of Scottish boards view quality as a priority, they pay less attention to it than chairs in England, possibly due to their additional role in commissioning care.
COOPERATIVE EFFECTS OF EPOXIDE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS ON NATURAL RUBBER AND SILANE COUPLING AGENTS ON REINFORCING EFFICIENCY OF SILICA
Authors: Kaewsakul W. , Sahakaro K. , Dierkes W. K. , Noordermeer J. W. M. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPolar functionality attached onto natural rubber has a significant impact on the reinforcing efficiency of silica. Parallel studies involving various levels of epoxidation on natural rubber (ENR) in the absence of bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) coupling agent, as well as a combination of ENRs with different loadings of TESPT, provide a better understanding of the various factors that influence the properties of silica-filled ENR compounds. Based on the overall properties, the best possible combination to optimize processability, to reduce filler–filler interaction, and improve vulcanization rate as well as vulcanizate properties, is to use ENR with an epoxide content in the range of 20–30 mol%, together with a small portion of TESPT, that is, 2–4 wt% relative to the silica content. This leads to a reduction of approximately 60–80% of TESPT when compared with the conventional NR compounds, where the optimal loading of TESPT was 9.0 wt% relative to the silica content.
PREDICTION OF ROLLING RESISTANCE FOR TRUCK BUS RADIAL TIRES WITH NANOCOMPOSITE BASED TREAD COMPOUNDS USING FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION
Authors: Ghosh Sarat , Sengupta Ranjan A. , Kaliske Michael 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Tire rolling resistance (RR) is a key performance index in the tire industry that addresses environmental concerns. Reduction of tire rolling resistance is a critical part of lowering fuel consumption, which could be achieved by changing both design and compound formulation. The major challenge is availability of a suitable software code to evaluate RR of tires using nonlinear viscoelastic properties of rubber. We developed a rolling resistance code and used it to predict rolling resistance of truck bus radial tires with nanocomposite based tread compounds. The energy dissipation in the tire is evaluated using the product of elastic strain energy and loss tangent of materials through post-processing using the rolling resistance code developed in this work. The elastic strain energy is obtained through steady state rolling simulation of tires using commercial software. The loss tangent versus strains at two reference temperatures is measured in the laboratory using a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer. A temperature equation is developed to incorporate the effect of temperature on loss energy. Good correlation of rolling resistance is observed between simulation and experimental results. Nanocomposites used in this study are prepared based on natural rubber and polybutadiene rubber blends with either organoclay and carbon black or organoclay and silica dual filler system. Carboxylated nitrile rubber, a polar rubber, is used as a compatibilizer to facilitate the clay dispersion in the rubber matrix. Compared with general carbon black or silica tread compounds, substantial improvement of rolling resistance is predicted by finite element simulation with nanocomposite based tread compounds containing dual fillers.
Using computer-assisted learning to engage diverse learning styles in understanding business management principles
Authors: Frost Mary E. , Derby Dustin C. , Haan Andrea G. 
Published: October 2013

Objective
Changes in small business and insurance present challenges for newly graduated chiropractors. Technology that reaches identified, diverse learning styles may assist the chiropractic student in business classes to meet course outcomes better. Thus, the purpose of our study is to determine if the use of technology-based instructional aids enhance students' mastery of course learning outcomes.

Methods
Using convenience sampling, 86 students completed a survey assessing course learning outcomes, learning style, and the helpfulness of lecture and computer-assisted learning related to content mastery. Quantitative analyses occurred.

Results
Although respondents reported not finding the computer-assisted learning as helpful as the lecture, significant relationships were found between pre- and post-assisted learning measures of the learning outcomes 1 and 2 for the visual and kinesthetic groups. Surprisingly, however, all learning style groups exhibited significant pre- and post-assisted learning appraisal relationships with learning outcomes 3 and 4.

Conclusion
While evidence exists within the current study of a relationship between students' learning of the course content corollary to the use of technologic instructional aids, the exact nature of the relationship remains unclear.