bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hierarchical Nanostructure Electrode with 3-Dimensional ZnO Nanorod and Pedot Nanotube and Nanofiber Network Assembly for Supercapacitor Energy Storage.
Authors: Sidhu Navjot K. , Rastogi A.C. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTNanocomposites in the 3-D nanoarchitecture using vertically aligned ZnO nanorods template to create conducting polymer Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (Pedot) nanotube and nanofibrous network structures using the facile electrochemical synthesis approach is described. Such electrodes structured at the nanoscale enable many fold enhancement of electroactive surface and interface with electrolyte facilitating absorption, ingress and diffusion of electrolyte ions which lead to increased energy and power density of supercapacitor devices. Electrochemical properties evaluated by electrochemical impedance show specific capacitance of 99 to162.99 mF.cm-2 and extremely low bulk and charge transfer resistance of 5.4 Ω.cm2 in comparison to ZnO and Pedot.
Computational and Experimental investigation of Nalipoite-Li2APO4 (A = Na, K) electrolytes for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Ortiz G. F. , López M C. , Arroyo-de Dompablo M.E. , Tirado José L. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe potential ionic conductors Li2APO4 (A = Na, K) are investigated combining experiments and first principles calculations at the Density Functional Theory level. A high ionic conductivity of 6.5 x10−6 and 1.5 x10−5 S cm−1 at 25 and 70°C, respectively, is found in Nalipoite-Li2NaPO4. For this mixed phosphate the energy barriers to Li motion are calculated. The lower energy barrier (0.7 eV) implies the inter-chain diffusion of Li in the b-c plane. We predict that ionic mobility is enhanced in the isostructural Li2KPO4, with the lowest calculated energy barrier being 0.4 eV.
Effect of Low Energy Implantation on the Properties of Ti/Ni/Au Contacts to n-SiC
Authors: Leech Patrick W , Holland Anthony S , Reeves Geoffrey K , Pan Yue , Ridgway Mark , Tanner Phillip 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe effect of low energy implantation of P or C ions in 3C-SiC on the properties of Ti/Ni/Au contacts has been examined for doses in the range 1013-1015 ions/cm2. Measurements of specific contact resistance, ρc, were performed using the two-contact circular test structure. The magnitude of ρc for the Ti/Ni/Au contacts on unimplanted SiC was 1.29 x 10−6 Ω.cm2. The value of ρc increased significantly at an implant dose of 1 x 1015 ions/cm2. The dependence of ρc on ion dose has been measured using both C and P implant species.
Tip Enhanced Laser Ablation Sample Transfer for Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Murray Kermit K. , Ghorai Suman , Seneviratne Chinthaka A. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTMass spectrometry is one of the primary analysis techniques for biological analysis but there are technological barriers in sampling scale that must be overcome for it to be used to its full potential on the size scale of single cells. Current mass spectrometry imaging methods are limited in spatial resolution when analyzing large biomolecules. The goal of this project is to use atomic force microscope (AFM) tip enhanced laser ablation to remove material from cells and tissue and capture it for subsequent mass spectrometry analysis. The laser ablation sample transfer system uses an AFM stage to hold the metal-coated tip at a distance of approximately 10 nm from a sample surface. The metal tip acts as an antenna for the electromagnetic radiation and enables the ablation of the sample with a spot size much smaller than a laser focused with a conventional lens system. A pulsed nanosecond UV or visible wavelength laser is focused onto the gold-coated silicon tip at an angle nearly parallel with the surface, which results in the removal of material from a spot between 500 nm and 1 µm in diameter and 200 and 500 nm deep. This corresponds to a few picograms of ablated material, which can be captured on a metal surface for MALDI analysis. We have used this approach to transfer small peptides and proteins from a thin film for analysis by mass spectrometry as a first step toward high spatial resolution imaging.
Verhalten antioxidativer Parameter bei Jungrindern im Jahresverlauf
Authors: Fürll M. , Haser D. 
Published: March 2015

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie war, das Verhalten antioxidativer Parameter bei Jungrindern während eines Jahres zu analysieren und mögliche gesundheitsrelevante Defizite in bestimmten Perioden aufzudecken. Material und Methoden: Im Verlauf eines Jahres wurden alle 2 Monate jeweils sechs gesunde, weibliche, 12 Monate alte Jungrinder der Rasse Holstein Friesian/Deutsche Schwarzbunte klinisch und labordiagnostisch untersucht. Die insgesamt 36 Tiere wurden im September, November, Januar, März und Juli im Stall in Anbindehaltung und im Mai ganztägig in einer Gruppe auf der Weide gehalten. Analysiert wurden die antioxidativen Parameter Superoxiddismutase (SOD), Glutathionperoxidase (GPX) und Trolox Equivalent Antioxidative Capacity (TEAC), der Hämatokrit sowie die Stoffwechselparameter β-Hydroxybutyrat, Bilirubin, Cholesterol, Protein, Albumin, Harnstoff, Haptoglobin, Kalzium, anorganisches Phosphat, Eisen, AP, AST, GLDH und CK. Ergebnisse: Die GPX-Aktivitäten waren im September und Januar signifikant niedriger als von März bis Juli. Erniedrigte TEAC-Konzentrationen wurden besonders im Januar und signifikant im März gegenüber September und November ermittelt. Die SOD-Aktivitäten differierten nicht gesichert. SOD und GPX korrelierten im gesamten Zeitraum gesichert, SOD und TEAC ebenfalls im ganzen Jahr (außer im Januar), GPX und TEAC nur im November sowie von März bis Juli. Albumin korrelierte gesichert mit der TEAC. Die Stoffwechselparameter lagen jederzeit in den physiologischen Bereichen außer Harnstoff im November und Juli sowie Phosphat im Mai. Schlussfolgerung: Die Jungrinder zeigten von September bis Januar signifikant erniedrigte GPX-Aktivitäten und besonders im Januar und März erniedrigte TEAC-Konzentrationen. Eine verminderte GPX-Aktivität stellt ein sicheres Zeichen für eine geringe Selenversorgung dar. Das ist unter anderem nachteilig für die Entwicklung von Färsen. Eine reduzierte Versorgung mit Antioxidanzien, insbesondere mit Vitamin E und β-Carotin, wird durch die TEAC angezeigt und hat vergleichbare negative Folgen wie die Selenunterversorgung. Zur Gesundheitsfürsorge ist demzufolge besonders im Winter auf ausreichende Spurenelementversorgung sowie gute Silagequalität zu achten.
8. LA ENSEÑANZA DEL DERECHO PROCESAL CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: VALDEZ Carlos Hugo 
Published: March 2015

<p> </p><p>Al atender a su condición de integrante de la curricula en la carrera de Abogacía, el Derecho Procesal Constitucional se refiere a los elementos doctrinarios, normativos y jurisprudenciales que fundamentan, describen, explican e interpretan los institutos y medios <strong>procedimentales </strong>pertinentes. Comprende su inserción en el Programa universitario correspondiente como preparación del futuro egresado para su aplicación ante las instancias judiciales pertinentes, hasta llegar a las de máximo nivel institucional, se persigue obtener una decisión sobre la relación entre una ley, una sentencia o un acto administrativo, por un lado, y lo que se estima la correspondiente pauta suprema</p>
Downhole Measurements of Synthetic-Based Drilling Fluid in Offshore Well Quantify Dynamic Pressure and Temperature Distributions
Authors: White W.W. , Zamora Mario , Svoboda C.F. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Accurate downhole and surface measurements of a synthetic-based drilling fluid were taken in a Gulf of Mexico well to resolve variances between actual and calculated pump pressures, and to quantify equivalent circulating densities. Current API equations seriously underestimated drillstring losses, which accounted for the pump-pressure differences. Conversely, annular losses were much lower than predicted.

Introduction
The drilling industry cannot consistently match calculated and actual pump pressures and is uncertain with the reliability of equivalent-circulating-density (ECD) predictions when using oil-based muds. Sensitivity to temperature and pressure is the most often cited reason for the discrepancies. Attempts to compensate for these effects with oil-based muds have not met with widespread success.
Similar difficulties are encountered with synthetic-based muds (SBMs); however, concerns are more acute. Pump-pressure calculations with SBMs can be off as much as 35%. The high unit cost per bbl of SBMs makes lost circulation a serious risk if ECD values are unreliable. Related problems which also are affected by hydraulics include surge/swab pressures while tripping, sizing of mud pumps, hydraulic optimization, well control, and general well planning.
New Tool Improves Success Ratio for Balanced Plug Cementing
Authors: Harestad Kristian , Herigstad Thor P. , Torsvoll Arne , Nødland Nils E. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
To place a proper balanced cement plug in a well has been a severe problem to the drilling industry for decades. The cement plug is rarely found at the desired depth. Due to the fact that the cement slurry usually is more dense than the well fluid, the cement plug is found deeper than anticipated, and the quality of the cement plug further down may be doubtful. This often results in setting a new cement plug in order to proceed with operations such as kick off in the wellbore, abandonment or pulling the Blowout Preventer. In the North sea area it is seen that cement plugs fail in &gt; 25 % of the cases. Several techniques have been developed to keep the cement in place, but they are either very time consuming or have a low degree of success.
A new tool has been developed which is deployed below the cement plug, preventing the cement slurry from escaping down the well. This tool is easy to install, does not take extra rig time and covers all sizes from 152.4 mm to 584.2 mm (6 to 23 in.) of hole diameters with one tool. Before field application, the system was tested in full scale, where cement plugs were set in casings both with and without the new tool. The result from this testing showed that the new tool had a very high degree of efficiency compared to the reference tests which were performed without tool. This paper will present the results from the testing and case histories where the tool has been used.
Uncommon Responses of Segmental Vitiligo to Melanocyte-Keratinocyte Transplantation Procedure
Authors: Isedeh Prescilia , Issa Ahmed Al , Lim Henry W. , Mulekar Smita S. , Mulekar Sanjeev V. 
Published: March 2015

Background Patients with segmental vitiligo (SV), unlike those with nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV), have a more predictable course and are more responsive to surgery. Objective To report 10 patients with SV treated with the melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation procedure (MKTP), who responded with unusual responses not previously reported in the literature. Methods This is a retrospective, observational study that reports 10 patients with SV who underwent the MKTP between May 2003 and May 2012. Results Two patients had successful repigmentation after split-thickness skin grafting after failure of the MKTP. Two patients developed a hypopigmented ring at a margin of the MKTP-treated area. One patient had complete repigmentation after a second MKTP. Two patients developed koebnerization of the recipient site. Three patients developed new vitiligo patches in previously unaffected areas after the MKTP. Conclusions Uncommon and even suboptimal responses can occur following the MKTP in SV patients. There is a need for studies to provide better understanding and outcomes for SV patients undergoing the MKTP.
Prevalence of Rosacea in Community Settings
Authors: Moustafa Farah , Hopkinson Dennis , Huang Karen E. , Feldman Steve 
Published: March 2015

Background The prevalence of rosacea is poorly characterized. Because selection bias may affect prevalence estimates, there is a need to characterize the prevalence of rosacea outside the clinic setting. Objective To assess the prevalence of rosacea in community settings. Methods A clinical research fellow and a medical student stood in public places (a mall, the Department of Motor Vehicles, a grocery store) and examined consecutive individuals who passed by ≤ 2 yards away. They tallied demographic and descriptive data on the subject and included the subject in one of three categories: clearly rosacea, possible rosacea, and definitely no rosacea. Subanalyses by perceived gender, age, race, and rosacea subtype were also performed. Comparisons between groups were made using the Fisher exact test. Results Considering the prevalence of rosacea among all observed individuals in the community setting, 5.4% (95% CI 3.6-7.8) of individuals had “possible” rosacea and 6% (95% CI 4.1-8.5) of individuals had “definite” rosacea. Older, white individuals with fairer skin types (Fitzpatrick skin types I, II, and III) were more likely to have rosacea. There was no gender predisposition. Limitations Distance from subjects made it difficult to assess patients with mild rosacea or a few telangiectasias, as well as ocular rosacea. The study could not assess those individuals who were too embarrassed by their rosacea to be in the public settings observed. Additionally, some subjects may have applied significant makeup in an effort to conceal their rosacea, making assessment difficult. Conclusions Based on direct observation of individuals in community settings, rosacea is more common than previously reported in the United States.
Cost and Resource Use of Pemphigus and Pemphigoid Disorders Pre- and Post-Rituximab
Authors: Heelan Kara , Hassan Shazia , Bannon Grace , Knowles Sandra , Walsh Scott , Shear Neil H. , Mittmann Nicole 
Published: March 2015

Background Rituximab (RTX) is increasingly used for the treatment of pemphigus and pemphigoid disorders. The high cost of RTX frequently limits its use and access. Objective To determine the health system resources and costs associated with RTX treatment of pemphigus and pemphigoid. Methods Health system resources and costs attributed to a convenience sample of 89 patients with either pemphigus or pemphigoid were identified, quantified, and valued 6 months prior to and following RTX initiation between May 2006 and August 2012. Overall cohort costs and costs per patient were calculated (2013 Can$). Results The overall cohort cost for 6 months pre-RTX was $3.8 million and for 6 months post-RTX was $2.6 million. The average cost per patient decreased from $42,231 to $29,423 (30.3% decrease). The main cost driver was intravenous immunoglobulin. Conclusions Our findings suggest that RTX is effective in reducing health system resources and the costs associated with the treatment of pemphigus and pemphigoid.
Dermatologic Surgical Pearls: Tips for Closing a Defect under Tension
Authors: Nantel-Battista Melissa , Murray Christian 
Published: March 2015

Dermatologic surgery procedures can sometimes be time consuming in an office setting. We present a series of tips for dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons that will enhance the efficiency of simple procedures. This article reviews three methods to aid in the closure of defects under tension. Les interventions en chirurgie dermatologique peuvent parfois prendre beaucoup de temps en cabinet. Nous présentons une serie de conseils à l'intention des dermatologues et des chirurgiens dermatologues, qui accroîtront l'efficacité de petites interventions. Seront expliquées dans l'article trois techniques visant â faciliter la fermeture des pertes de substance sous tension.
Public Engagement with Dermatology Contents on Facebook
Authors: Kim Whan B. , Marinas Joseph E.C. , Vender Ronald B. 
Published: March 2015

Background The growing presence of dermatology platforms on Facebook has been acknowledged; however, little is known about the extent to which different types of content influence the level of engagement with online users. Objective To assess the level of public engagement with different types of content posted on Facebook pages devoted to dermatology. Methods A search on Facebook identified existing pages for dermatology academic journals, professional societies, and patient-centered groups. Then the engagement rate was calculated for each content type published on the selected pages. Results The median engagement rates were 63.8% for educational posts, 41.3% for interactive posts, 27.4% for news articles, 11. 8% for academic articles, and 9.3% for others. Conclusion Educational posts engaged with online users the most effectively. The level of engagement is a key determinant of knowledge dissemination via online tools, and the type of content may influence the level of engagement.
Granular Cell Tumor on the Chest of a 9-Year-Old Female: Case Report and a Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Al-Dawsari Najla A. , Amra Nasir 
Published: March 2015

Background Granular cell tumor is a benign tumor originating from Schwann cells. Children and adolescents are rarely affected. We report a 9-year-old female who presented with a cutaneous granular cell tumor on the chest. Objective To determine the incidence of granular cell tumor and proportion of tumors seen in the pediatric population at our center. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the surgical pathology records from 1997 to 2014 at our center. Results The incidence of granular cell tumor is five cases per million person-years (95% CI 3-8). Of the 18 cases, 9 cases occurred in the pediatric population. Conclusion Fifty percent of granular cell tumor cases diagnosed at our center occurred in the pediatric population. Granular cell tumor may not be as rare as we expect in the pediatric population.
Effects of the Lifestyle Intervention Program GLICEMIA in People at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Schmiedel Karin , Mayr Andreas , Fießler Cornelia , Schlager Helmut , Friedland Kristina 
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a 12-month prevention program conducted in 42 community pharmacies in reducing the risk for diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a cluster-randomized controlled trial in 1,092 participants, mean change in the risk for diabetes (indicated by the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score [FINDRISC]) between intervention and control groups was calculated. In the intervention program GLICEMIA, three appointments with individual counseling and five educational group sessions were combined, whereas in the control group, only information about the participants’ health was obtained in three assessments.

RESULTS
After adjusting for cluster structure and differences in baseline characteristics, improvement in FINDRISC in the intervention group was 0.74 points (95% CI 0.42–1.04) above the control group.

CONCLUSIONS
The GLICEMIA program shows the feasibility of a pharmacy-based intervention and leads to a significant modest reduction in diabetes risk score but does not reduce the rate of diabetes progression over 1 year.
Kidney Injury Molecule-1 and the Loss of Kidney Function in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Likely Causal Link in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Panduru Nicolae M. , Sandholm Niina , Forsblom Carol , Saraheimo Markku , Dahlström Emma H. , Thorn Lena M. , Gordin Daniel , Tolonen Nina , Wadén Johan , Harjutsalo Valma , Bierhaus Angelika , Humpert Per M. , Groop Per-Henrik 
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVEWe evaluated the predictive value and clinical benefit of urinary kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 for progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 1 diabetes. We also investigated its causal role for the decrease of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe followed 1,573 patients with type 1 diabetes for 6 years. KIM-1 was measured at baseline and normalized with urinary creatinine. KIM-1 predictive value was evaluated by Cox regression, while its added predictive benefit was evaluated using a panel of statistical indexes. The causality for the loss of renal function was evaluated with MR, utilizing the top signal from our genome-wide association study (GWAS) as the instrumental variable.RESULTSKIM-1 was not an independent predictor of progression of DN when adjusted for albumin excretion rate (AER) and added no prognostic benefit to AER or eGFR. In multiple regressions, KIM-1 was associated with lower eGFR independently of diabetes duration (β = −4.066; P &lt; 0.0001) but not of AER. In our GWAS, rs2036402 in the KIM1 gene was strongly associated with KIM-1 (β = −0.51; P = 6.5 × 10−38). In the MR, KIM-1 was associated with lower eGFR, independently of diabetes duration and AER (β = −5.044; P = 0.040), suggesting a causal relationship.CONCLUSIONSKIM-1 did not predict progression to end-stage renal disease independently of AER and added no prognostic benefit to current biomarkers. Nevertheless, the MR showed that the inverse association of increased KIM-1 levels with lower eGFR is likely to represent a causal link.
Parental Characteristics Associated With Outcomes in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the TODAY Clinical Trial
Authors: Weinstock Ruth S. , Trief Paula M. , El ghormli Laure , Goland Robin , McKay Siripoom , Milaszewski Kerry , Preske Jeff , Willi Steven , Yasuda Patrice M. 
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVEThis study examined parental factors associated with outcomes of youth in the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) clinical trial.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSOf 699 youth with type 2 diabetes in the TODAY cohort, 623 (89.1%) had a parent participate and provide data at baseline, including weight, HbA1c, blood pressure, symptoms of depression, binge eating (BE), and medical history. Youth were followed 2–6.5 years. Data were analyzed using regression models and survival curve methods.RESULTSParental diabetes (43.6% of parents) was associated with higher baseline HbA1c (P &lt; 0.0001) and failure of youths to maintain glycemic control on study treatment (53.6% vs. 38.2% failure rate among those without a diabetic parent, P = 0.0002). Parental hypertension (40.6% of parents) was associated with hypertension in youth during TODAY (40.4% vs. 27.4% of youth with and without parental hypertension had hypertension, P = 0.0008) and with higher youth baseline BMI z scores (P = 0.0038). Parents had a mean baseline BMI of 33.6 kg/m2. Parental obesity (BMI &gt;30 kg/m2) was associated with higher baseline BMI z scores in the youth (P &lt; 0.0001). Depressive symptoms in parents (20.6% of parents) were related to youth depressive symptoms at baseline only (P = 0.0430); subclinical BE in parents was related to the presence of subclinical BE (P = 0.0354) and depressive symptoms (P = 0.0326) in youth throughout the study period.CONCLUSIONSParental diabetes and hypertension were associated with lack of glycemic control, hypertension, and higher BMI z scores in youth. Further research is needed to better understand and address parental biological and behavioral factors to improve youth health outcomes.