bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid iron‐sulfur alloys at outer core conditions by first‐principles calculations
Authors: Umemoto Koichiro , Hirose Kei , Imada Saori , Nakajima Yoichi , Komabayashi Tetsuya , Tsutsui Satoshi , Baron Alfred Q.R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe perform first‐principles calculations to investigate liquid iron‐sulfur alloys (Fe, Fe56S8, Fe52S12, and Fe48S16) under high‐pressure and high‐temperature (150–300 GPa and 4000–6000 K) conditions corresponding to the Earth's outer core. Considering only the density profile, the best match with the preliminary reference Earth model is by liquid Fe–14 wt % S (Fe50S14), assuming sulfur is the only light element. However, its bulk sound velocity is too high, in particular in the deep outer core, suggesting that another light component such as oxygen is required. An experimental check using inelastic X‐ray scattering shows good agreement with the calculations. In addition, a present study demonstrates that the Birch's law does not hold for liquid iron‐sulfur alloy, consistent with a previous report on pure liquid iron.
Thermal and chemical stabilization of ethylene/vinyl acetate/vinyl alcohol (EVA‐OH) terpolymers under nitroplasticizer environments
Authors: Yang Dali , Hubbard Kevin M. , Henderson Kevin C. , Labouriau Andrea 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, we compare the aging behaviors of cross‐linked ethylene/vinyl acetate/vinyl alcohol terpolymers, also referred to as EVA‐OH, when they are either immersed in nitroplasticizer (NP) liquid or exposed to NP vapor at different temperatures. While thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry are used to probe the thermal stability of aged NP and polymers, Fourier transform infrared, gel permeation chromatography, ultra‐violet/vis, and nuclear magnetic resonance are used to probe their structural changes over the aging process. The study confirms that NP degrades through CN cleavage, and releases HONO molecules at a slightly elevated temperature (<75°C). As these molecules accumulate in the vapor phase, they react among themselves to create an acidic environment. Therefore, these chemical constituents in the NP vapor significantly accelerate the hydrolysis of EVA‐OH polymer. When the hydrolysis occurs in both vinyl acetate and urethane groups and the scission at the cross‐linker progresses, EVA‐OH becomes vulnerable to further degradation in the NP vapor environment. Through the comprehensive characterization, the possible degradation mechanisms of the terpolymers are proposed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41450.
A kinetic study of the enhancement of solution chemiluminescence of glyoxylic acid oxidation by manganese species
Authors: Otamonga Jean‐Paul , Abdel‐Mageed Amal , Agater Irena B. , Jewsbury Roger A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn order to study the mechanism of the enhancement of solution chemiluminescence, the kinetics of the decay of the oxidant and the chemiluminescence emission were followed for oxidations by permanganate, manganese dioxide sol and Mn3+(aq) of glyoxylic acid, using stopped‐flow spectrophotometry. Results are reported for the glyoxylic acid oxidized under pseudo first‐order conditions and in an acidic medium at 25 °C. For permanganate under these conditions, the decay is sigmoidal, consistent with autocatalysis, and for manganese dioxide sol and Mn3+ it is pseudo first order. The effects of the presence of aqueous formaldehyde and Mn2+ were observed and a fit to a simple mechanism is discussed. It is concluded that chemiluminescent enhancement in these systems is best explained by reaction kinetics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of replacement of Ca by Zn on the structure and optical property of CaTiO3:Eu3+ red phosphor prepared by sol‐gel method
Authors: Wang Yulong , Zhang Wentao , Zhang Peicong , Li Junfeng , Long Jianping 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEu3+‐doped calcium titanate red phosphors, Ca1‐xZnxTiO3:Eu3+, were prepared by the sol‐gel method. The structure of prepared Ca1‐xZnxTiO3:Eu3+ phosphors were investigated by X‐ray diffraction and infrared spectra. Due to the 5D0 → 7F1–3 electron transitions of Eu3+ ions, photoluminescence spectra showed a red emission at about 619 nm under excitation of 397 nm and 465 nm, respectively. When zinc was added to the host, the luminescent intensity of Ca1‐xZnxTiO3:Eu3+ was markedly improved several fold compared with that of CaTiO3:Eu3+. Ca0.9Zn0.1TiO3:Eu3+ also had higher luminescence intensity than the commercially available Y2O3:Eu3+ phosphors under UV light excitation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells protect alveolar macrophages from lipopolysaccharide‐induced apoptosis partially by inhibiting the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Li Bin , Zhang Hongwu , Zeng Mian , He Wanmei , Li Ming , Huang Xubin , Deng David Y. B. , Wu Jianfeng 
Published: September 2014

AbstractApoptosis of alveolar macrophages (AMs) plays a pathogenic role in acute lung injury (ALI) and its severe type, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising therapeutic cells for preventing apoptosis and eliminating cellular injury. We investigated the effects of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced apoptosis in AMs using transwell experiments, and examined the underlying mechanisms LPS induced AMs apoptosis in a dose‐ and time‐dependent fashion, whereas BMSCs reduced AMs apoptosis when co‐cultured at appropriate ratios. BMSCs decreased expression of cleaved caspase‐3 and the pro‐apoptotic protein, Bax, whilst increased levels of the anti‐apoptotic protein, Bcl‐2, prolonging the lifespan of AMs in vitro. Promotion of AMs survival by BMSCs required down‐regulation of p‐GSK‐3β and β‐catenin in AMs. The anti‐apoptosis action of BMSCs was reversed by SB216763, a specific inhibitor of GSK‐3β that also activates Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. In conclusion, BMSCs can attenuate AM apoptosis partially by suppressing the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
Synthesis of 1,2‐Diols and Their Base‐Initiated Rearrangement to Butyrolactones
Authors: Moliterno Mauro , Margarita Cristiana , Panarello Silvia , Salvio Riccardo , Bella Marco 
Published: September 2014

Abstract1,2‐Diols 3 have been synthesized by the aldol addition of hydroxy esters 1 to propargyl aldehydes 2 in dichloromethane. These 1,2‐diols undergo a base‐initiated rearrangement under mild conditions in methanol with an unusual 1,2‐alkyl shift to afford interesting α,β‐unsaturated γ‐butyrolactones 4. A possible mechanism is postulated on the basis of experimental evidence and the results of DFT calculations.
High‐speed separation and detection of amino acids in laver using a short capillary electrophoresis system
Authors: Wang Wei , Ma Lihong , Yao Fenzeng , Lin Xiuli , Xu Kaixuan 
Published: September 2014

A high‐speed separation method of capillary MEKC with LIF detection had been developed for separation and determination of amino acids in laver. The CE system comprised a manual slotted‐vial array (SVA) for sample introduction that could improve the separation efficiency by reducing injection volume. Using a capillary with 80 mm effective separation length, the separation conditions for amino acids were optimized. Applied with the separation electric field strength of 300 V/cm, the ten amino acids could be completely separated within 2.5 min with 10 mol/L Na2HPO4–NaOH buffer (pH = 11.5) including 30 mmol/L SDS. Theoretical plates for amino acids ranged from 72 000 to 40 000 (corresponding to 1.1–2.0 μm plate heights) and the detection limits were between 25 and 80 nmol/L. Finally, this method was applied to analyze the composition of amino acids in laver and eight known amino acids could be found in the sample. The contents of five amino acids, tyrosine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, and aspartic acid that could be completely separated in real sample were determined. The recoveries ranged from 82.3% to 123% that indicated the good reliability for this method in laver sample analysis.
High frequency dielectrophoretic response of microalgae over time
Authors: Hadady Hanieh , Wong Johnson J. , Hiibel Sage R. , Redelman Doug , Geiger Emil J. 
Published: September 2014

The high frequency dielectrophoresis (>20 MHz) response of microalgae cells with different lipid content was monitored over time. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was cultured in regular medium and under nitrogen‐depleted conditions in order to produce populations of cells with low and high lipid content, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the culture media was also monitored over the same time. The upper crossover frequency decreased for high‐lipid cells over time. The single‐shell model predicts that the upper crossover frequency is dictated primarily by the dielectric properties of the cytoplasm. The high frequency DEP response of the high‐lipid cells’ cytoplasm was changed by lipid accumulation. DEP response of the low‐lipid cells also varied with the conductivity of the culture media due to nutrient consumption. Relative lipid content was estimated with BODIPY 505/515 dye by calculating the area‐weighted intensity average of fluorescent images. Finally, microalgae cells were successfully separated based on lipid content at 41 MHz and DEP media conductivity 106 ± 1 μS/cm.
Discovery of potential serum protein biomarkers for lymph node metastasis in oral cancer
Authors: Chai Yang D. , Zhang Lifeng , Yang Yan , Su Trent , Charugundla Prashant , Ai Jiye , Messadi Diana , Wong David T. , Hu Shen 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of our study was to identify serum protein biomarkers for node‐positive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Biomarkers indicating lymph node metastasis provides a valuable classification methodology to optimize treatment plans for patients with OSCC.MethodsQuantitative serum proteomic analysis of OSCCs with either node‐positive or node‐negative disease was performed with tandem mass spectrometry and isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Immunoassays were used to validate a panel of candidate protein biomarkers and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the performance of the candidate biomarkers.ResultsA total of 282 serum proteins were quantified between node‐positive and node‐negative OSCCs with the proteomic approach. Four candidate biomarkers, gelsolin, fibronectin, angiotensinogen, and haptoglobin, were validated in an independent group of patients with node‐positive or node‐negative OSCC. The best candidate biomarker, gelsolin, yielded a ROC value of 89% for node‐positive OSCC, although the sample size for validation is relatively small. Fibronectin, gelsolin, and angiotensinogen were also found to be differentially expressed between cancer cell lines of node‐positive and node‐negative cancer origin.ConclusionOur studies suggest that testing of serum protein biomarkers might help detect lymph node metastasis of oral cancer. Because of limited sample size in our studies, long‐term longitudinal studies with large populations of individuals with oral cancer are needed to validate these potential biomarkers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 118–125, 2016
Chronic trimethyltin chloride exposure and the development of kidney stones in rats
Authors: Ren Xuefeng , Wu Xin , Sui Gang , Gong Zhihong , Yawson Emmanuel , Wu Banghua , Lai Guanchao , Ruan Xiaolin , Gao Hongbin , Zhou Feng , Su Bing , Olson James R. , Tang Xiaojiang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe recently reported that occupational exposure to trimethyltin (TMT) is a risk factor for developing kidney stones. To further examine the association between TMT exposure and the formation of kidney stones, we conducted a 180‐day animal study and exposed the randomly grouped Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats to TMT in the drinking water at doses of 0, 8.2, 32.8 and 131.3 µg kg–1 day–1. Transient behavioral changes were observed in the high‐dose group during the first 2 weeks of exposure. TMT exposure led to a significant dose‐dependent inhibition of renal H+/K+‐ATPase and an increase in urinary pH. In comparison to no kidney stones being identified in the control and the lowest dose group, 1 rat in the 32.8 µg kg–1 day–1 dose group and 3 out of 9 rats in the 131.3 µg kg–1 day–1 dose group were found to have stones in the kidney/urinary tract. Pathological analysis showed that more wide spread calcium disposition was observed in kidneys of rats with TMT exposure compared with the rats in the control group. However, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis found that the kidney stones were mainly composed of struvite with the formula: NH4MgPO4 6H2O, while calcium‐containing components were also detected. Together, this study further demonstrates through animal studies that chronic exposure to a relatively low level of TMT induces nephrotoxicity and increases the risk for developing kidney stones. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human mesenchymal stem cell osteoblast differentiation, ECM deposition, and biomineralization on PAH/PAA polyelectrolyte multilayers
Authors: Pattabhi Sudhakara Rao , Lehaf Ali M. , Schlenoff Joseph B. , Keller Thomas C. S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPolyelectrolyte multilayer (PEMU) coatings built layer by layer with alternating pairs of polyelectrolytes can be tuned to improve cell interactions with surfaces and may be useful as biocompatible coatings to improve fixation between implants and tissues. Here, we show that human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) induced with bone differentiation medium (BDM) to become osteoblasts biomineralize crosslinked PEMUs built with the polycation poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and the polyanion poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Degrees of hMSC osteoblast differentiation and surface biomineralization on the smooth PAH‐terminated PEMUs (PAH‐PEMUs) and microstructured PAA‐terminated PEMUs (PAA‐PEMUs) reflect differences in cell‐deposited extracellular matrix (ECM). BDM‐induced hMSCs expressed higher levels of the early osteoblast differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase and collagen 1 (COL1) sooner on PAA‐PEMUs than on PAH‐PEMUs. Cells on both types of PEMUs proceeded to express the later stage osteoblast differentiation marker bone sialoprotein (BSP), but the BDM‐induced cells organized a more amorphous Collagen I and denser BSP localization on PAA‐PEMUs than on PAH‐PEMUs. These ECM properties correlated with greater biomineralization on the PAA‐PEMUs than on PAH‐PEMUs. Together, these results confirm the suitability of PAH/PAA PEMUs as a substrate for hMSC osteogenesis and highlight the importance of substrate effects on ECM organization and BSP presentation on biomineralization. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1818–1827, 2015.
In vitro evaluation of a modified 4‐META/MMA‐TBB resin for filling access holes of screw‐retained implant prostheses
Authors: Tanimura Remy , Suzuki Shiro 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis study evaluates a modified 4‐META/MMA‐TBB resin (M4M) as a candidate material for filling screw‐retained implant access hole. Its characteristics were compared with a conventional composite resin (CR) with or without a bonding agent (BA) or a ceramic primer (CP). Ceramic blocks were divided into five groups, including (A) CR, (B) CR with BA, (C) CR with CP and BA, (D) M4M, and (E) M4M with CP. Shear bond strengths were measured after 5000 times of thermocycling. Groups A, B, and D were excluded from further tests as they showed no adhesion. A cylindrical cavity (2.5 mm diameter, 3 mm depth) simulating access hole was prepared in a ceramic block and glazed to evaluate micro‐leakage and wear test of groups C and E. The results were statistically analyzed with Mann–Whitney test (p  <  0.05). Shear bond strength of groups C (7.6 ± 2.2 MPa) and E (8.6 ± 1.0 MPa) was not significantly different. In micro‐leakage analysis, average wear depth and wear volume, group E (7.5 ± 3.3%, 59.3 ± 12.9 μm, 0.16 ± 0.04 mm3) showed significantly lower values than those of group C (45.6 ± 24.4%, 76.0 ± 16.4 μm, 0.28 ± 0.03 mm3). It is suggested that the combination of CP and M4M can be one of feasible systems to fill the ceramic access holes of the implant upper structure. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1030–1036, 2015.
Translating textiles to tissue engineering: Creation and evaluation of microporous, biocompatible, degradable scaffolds using industry relevant manufacturing approaches and human adipose derived stem cells
Authors: Haslauer Carla M. , Avery Matthew R. , Pourdeyhimi Behnam , Loboa Elizabeth G. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPolymeric scaffolds have emerged as a means of generating three‐dimensional tissues, such as for the treatment of bone injuries and nonunions. In this study, a fibrous scaffold was designed using the biocompatible, degradable polymer poly‐lactic acid in combination with a water dispersible sacrificial polymer, EastONE. Fibers were generated via industry relevant, facile scale‐up melt‐spinning techniques with an islands‐in‐the‐sea geometry. Following removal of EastONE, a highly porous fiber remained possessing 12 longitudinal channels and pores throughout all internal and external fiber walls. Weight loss and surface area characterization confirmed the generation of highly porous fibers as observed via focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy. Porous fibers were then knit into a three‐dimensional scaffold and seeded with human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASC). Confocal microscopy images confirmed hASC attachment to the fiber walls and proliferation throughout the knit structure. Quantification of cell‐mediated calcium accretion following culture in osteogenic differentiation medium confirmed hASC differentiation throughout the porous constructs. These results suggest incorporation of a sacrificial polymer within islands‐in‐the‐sea fibers generates a highly porous scaffold capable of supporting stem cell viability and differentiation with the potential to generate large three‐dimensional constructs for bone regeneration and/or other tissue engineering applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1050–1058, 2015.
‘Moringa oleifera: study of phenolics and glucosinolates by mass spectrometry’
Authors: Maldini Mariateresa , Maksoud Salwa A. , Natella Fausta , Montoro Paola , Petretto Giacomo Luigi , Foddai Marzia , De Nicola Gina Rosalinda , Chessa Mario , Pintore Giorgio 
Published: September 2014

Moringa oleifera is a medicinal plant and an excellent dietary source of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and health‐promoting phytochemicals (phenolic compounds, glucosinolates and isothiocyanates). Glucosinolates and isothiocyanates are known to possess anti‐carcinogenic and antioxidant effects and have attracted great interest from both toxicological and pharmacological points of view, as they are able to induce phase 2 detoxification enzymes and to inhibit phase 1 activation enzymes. Phenolic compounds possess antioxidant properties and may exert a preventative effect in regards to the development of chronic degenerative diseases.The aim of this work was to assess the profile and the level of bioactive compounds in all parts of M. oleifera seedlings, by using different MS approaches. First, flow injection electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (FI‐ESI‐MS) fingerprinting techniques and chemometrics (PCA) were used to achieve the characterization of the different plant's organs in terms of profile of phenolic compounds and glucosinolates. Second, LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS qualitative and quantitative methods were used for the identification and/or determination of phenolics and glucosinolates in M. oleifera. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development, validation and application to real samples of a multiresidue LC‐MS/MS method for determination of β2‐agonists and anabolic steroids in bovine hair
Authors: Leporati M. , Bergoglio M. , Capra P. , Bozzetta E. , Abete M. C. , Vincenti M. 
Published: September 2014

β2‐agonists are often abused in cattle breeding because of their effects on animal growth and meat properties. The use of β2‐agonists as growth promoters is forbidden in the European Union (Council Directive 96/23/EC classifies them into group A of Annex I), due to their toxicity and carcinogenic properties, as for anabolic steroids, which are often administered in combination with β2‐agonists, to promote the storage of proteins and increase muscle size.A unique confirmatory liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method for the quantitative detection of 13 β2‐agonists and anabolic steroids plus the qualitative identification of other three analytes in bovine hair was developed and validated, according to Decision 2002/657/CE. Hair samples were washed with dichloromethane, digested within a NaOH solution and subjected to liquid–liquid extraction. The analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The absence of matrix interferents, together with good repeatability of both retention times and relative abundances of diagnostic transitions, allowed the correct identification of all analytes. The quantitative calibrations obtained from spiked blank hair samples proved linear in the range tested. CCα and CCβ ranged from 0.5 ng/g to 30 ng/g. Intralaboratory reproducibility (CV%) ranged between 5.0 and 17.7 and trueness between 96% ± 7% and 105% ± 8%. The applicability of the method to real positive samples was demonstrated for both β2‐agonists and anabolic steroids.17α‐boldenone was found in most (70%) hair samples obtained from untreated animals, supporting the hypothesis of endogenous production of this steroid. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transsacral screw safe zone size by sacral segmentation variations
Authors: Lee John J. , Rosenbaum Samuel L. , Martusiewicz Alex , Holcombe Sven A. , Wang Stewart C. , Goulet James A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTVariations in sacral segmentation may preclude safe placement of transsacral screws for posterior pelvis fixation. We developed a novel automated 3D technique to determine the safe zone size for transsacral screws in the upper two sacral segments in 526 adult pelvis computed tomography scans. Safe zone sizes were then compared by gender and sacral segmentation variations (number of neuroforamen and the presence/absence of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae, ±LSTV). Ten millimeters was used as the safety threshold for a large screw. 3 (0.6%), 366 (70%), and 157 (30%) sacra had 3, 4, or 5 neuroforamen, respectively. Eighty‐eight (17%) were +LSTV. Safe zone size depended on gender, number of neuroforamen in −LSTV sacra and presence of LSTV (p < 0.001) but not on the uni‐ or bilateral nature of the LSTV. 17% of −LSTV sacra were below the safety threshold in S1, 27% in S2, whereas 3% of +LSTV sacra were below in S1, 74% in S2. Of −LSTV sacra that cannot take an S1 screw safely, 77% can do so in S2, leaving only 4% of sacra that cannot accommodate a screw safely in either upper segment. The results demonstrate a predictable pattern of safe zone size based on gender and sacral segmentation variations. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:277–282, 2015.