bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Prevalence of Additional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Eastern-Indian Young Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Barure Ramdas , Shanthaiah Dhananjaya Melkunte , Atluri Sridevi , Channabasappa Shivaprasad , Kolla Gautam , Reddy S. L. Sagar , Sarathi Vijaya 
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims:
The American Diabetes Association recommends statin therapy for young type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) adults only if one additional cardiovascular (CV) risk factor coexists. The data regarding CV risk factors in young Indian T2DM adults is limited. Hence, we assessed the prevalence of CV risk factors in young adults with T2DM from eastern India.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, diabetic medical health check records of eastern-Indian T2DM patients performed between March 2018 and March 2019 were retrospectively reviewed and the relevant data of T2DM patients (n = 3564) including CV risk factors [serum LDL-cholesterol of ≥100 mg/dL, hypertension (>140/90 mmHg), smoking, chronic kidney disease (eGFR of <60 ml/min), microalbumin to creatinine ratio of ≥30 mg/mg, and obesity/overweight (body mass index ≥23 kg/m2)] were analysed.

Results:
There were 3280 T2DM patients from eastern India and 679 (20.7%) were ≤40 years of age. Overweight/obesity (74.3%) and serum LDL-cholesterol of ≥100 mg/dL (69.2%) were the two most common additional CV risk factors. At least one additional CV risk factor was present in 576 (95.36%) patients, whereas at least two additional CV risk factors were present in 409 (67.7%) patients. At least one non-obesity/overweight CV risk factor was present in 472 (78.1%) patients.

Conclusions:
The study demonstrates a high prevalence of additional CV risk factors in young eastern-Indian adults with T2DM. Hence, there is a need for an intensive approach to managing the CV risk factors in young Indian adults with T2DM.
Obesity, Lipid Profile and Cytokines in Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Slouma Maroua , Lahmer Wided , Kharrat Lobna , Ali Khaoula Ben , Tezeghdenti Aymen , Metoui Leila , Dhahri Rim , Ghazouani Ezzedine , Gharsallah Imen , Louzir Bassem 
Published: August 2024

Context:
Chronic rheumatic diseases seem to be associated with a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The link between cytokines and lipid profile in spondyloarthritis is not well elucidated.

Aims:
We aimed to assess the relationship between cytokines and obesity, lipid profile and atherogenic indexes in spondyloarthritis.

Methods and Material:
We conducted a cross-sectional study including 45 patients with axial radiographic spondyloarthritis. For each patient, we measured the following pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin (IL-) 1, IL-8, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 and tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa), and anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL-10. We also measured total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc). We calculated the following ratios: TC/HDLc, TG/HDLc, LDLc/HDLc and Log[TG/HDLc].

Statistical Analysis Used:
SPSS.

Results:
The mean age was 46 ± 11.9 years. IL-8 levels were increased in obese patients (P = 0.003). IL-8 and IL-22 levels were significantly higher in patients with abdominal obesity (P = 0.024 and P = 0.042, respectively). IL-6 levels were lower in patients with hypercholesterolemia (P = 0.009). IL-1 levels correlated to TG (r = 0.413; P = 0.005). IL-1 and IL-6 were correlated to TG/HDLc (IL-1: r = 0.484, P = 0.001; IL-6; r = 0.700, P = 0.012) and Log[TG/HDLc] (IL-1: r = 0.354; P = 0.012; IL-6: r = 0.309, P = 0.041). IL-10 level was correlated to TC/HDLc (r = 0.333, P = 0.027) and LDLc/HDLc (r = 0.342, P = 0.023).

Conclusions:
IL-8 and IL-22 were higher in patients with abdominal obesity, highlighting the contribution of the adipocytes to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The correlation between cytokines and atherogenic indexes suggests the role of these cytokines in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in spondyloarthritis.
Coronary artery morphometrics in Indians – An optical coherence tomography perspective
Authors: Modi Ranjan , Modi Sunil 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
The diameter of the coronary artery is an important predictor of prognosis and long-term outcome after percutaneous coronary interventions. There are very limited data available about coronary artery dimensions in an Indian population.

AIMS:
The aim is to study the normal dimensions of the coronary artery segments in Indians without coronary artery disease using optical coherence tomography and to compare the dimensions in Indians with Western.

METHODS:
Two hundred patients who have undergone coronary angiography with an entirely normal coronary angiogram were included in our study.

RESULTS:
This study showed the diameter of vessels in males and females when taken together, the left main was larger in size, followed by the proximal left anterior descending, proximal right coronary artery, and proximal left circumflex, respectively. When the vessel diameter was indexed to body surface area (BSA), there was no statistical difference between males and females (P > 0.05). The computed value of proximal coronary artery diameter unadjusted for individual BSA, when compared to Caucasians, showed that Caucasians have larger coronary artery dimensions than Indians. However, when the proximal vessel diameter was indexed to BSA, there was no statistically significant difference between Indians and Caucasians (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
We found that coronary artery size when indexed to BSA is not statistically different in Indian males and females and compared to Caucasians. However, with a smaller body habitus, Indians have smaller coronary arteries.
Double trouble: Synchronous T-cell lymphoma and colonic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Muvva Swetha , Nagarajan Priyathersini , Arun Arthi , Shanmugam Sri Gayathri 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Synchronous tumors consisting of colorectal adenocarcinoma and lymphoma are infrequent and pose a tricky situation to the clinicians for the management.

Observations:
We present a case of a 67-year-old male ex-alcoholic who presented with loss of appetite, weight loss for 3 weeks, high fever, abdominal pain for 2 days, and difficulty in passing stool for 1 month. Upon examination and further investigations, a diagnosis of stage 4 peripheral T-cell lymphoma, moderately differentiated sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis, and SIADH-tumor associated was made. In light of the case’s metastatic disease, the tumor board opted to proceed with stenting for the sigmoid colon mass and chemotherapy for the peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

Conclusion:
It is certain that with the development of regular screening programs and extensive evaluation across the country, early identification and diagnosis can lead to efficient treatment plans and can improve the prognosis significantly.
Pediatric recurrent fibromatosis managed by hydroxyurea monotherapy
Authors: Tiwari Charu , Borkar Nitinkumar 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Fibromatosis is a rare and locally invasive soft tissue lesion with propensity for local recurrence after surgical excision. Recently, many drugs have been explored with curative intent instead of surgical excision. We present a case of pediatric recurrent fibromatosis which was managed by hydroxyurea monotherapy.
Metabolic complications of childhood obesity
Authors: Munusamy Jeyaraj , Yadav Jaivinder , Kumar Rakesh , Bhalla Anil , Dayal Devi 
Published: August 2024

Context:
Childhood obesity is a global health problem. A percentage of 2.3 of Indian boys and 2.5 of Indian girls are obese. Childhood obesity is associated with many morbidities like diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, musculoskeletal problems, and increased mortality.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to estimate burden of metabolic complications of obesity in child and parents of obese children and compare it with normal-weight children.

Settings and Design:
The study was done at a tertiary health center in northern India. It was a cross-sectional study.

Methods and Material:
We enrolled 60 obese children and age- and sex-matched 26 controls, based on Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP)2015 body mass index (BMI) charts. Anthropometric parameters and metabolic complications in family were compared between cases and controls. Clinical markers of metabolic derangements and laboratory metabolic profile were assessed for obese children.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive statistics was used to describe frequencies. Chi-square test and Mann–Whitney test and Spearman correlation were used for comparison.

Results:
The prevalence of obesity and obesity-related complications was high in families of obese children. Ten percent of obese children had impaired fasting glucose and 30% had Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in prediabetes category. Forty percent of obese children had dyslipidemia, 45% had transaminitis, and 46.7 were vitamin D deficient. A percentage of 41.7 of obese children had fatty liver on ultrasound.

Conclusions:
The family health and child weight are linked through home environment and genetics. The metabolic complications of obesity prediabetes, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, and lower vitamin D level are common in childhood obesity. Regular screening and interventions of metabolic complications are essential for saving child's future health.
Cienciometric Analysis of Scientific Production on Hydatidosis/Echinococcosis in Latin America
Authors: Roman Luz Angela , Tapia-Sequeiros Gustavo , Galeas-Torre Maryorie Katteryne , Roman-Lazarte Victor 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Hydatidosis/cystic echinococcosis (CE) is considered a neglected disease due to its preventive nature and impact on low-income populations. In Latin America, there is a high incidence, and in the high Andean regions, it is considered an endemic disease. The objective of this study was to quantify and analyze the scientific production of hydatidosis/echinococcosis through a bibliometric analysis in Latin America up to 2022.

Methods:
A bibliometric analysis study was conducted based on the scientific production of CE in the SCOPUS database until 2022 in Latin American countries. Information was collected through a systematic search. Frequencies and percentages were used to summarize the variables captured in the final database.

Results:
Scientific production showed growth over the years, with Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile having the highest production. In addition, there has been a trending use of the term “neglected disease” since 2018. The most cited articles were primarily narrative reviews, book chapters, and original articles in that order. Only 27% of the studies were funded by an institution in Latin America.

Conclusion:
Scientific production in Latin America regarding CE is on the rise, especially in countries with high incidence rates. Furthermore, these countries demonstrate a significant network of international collaboration.
Delayed Presentation of Malrotation after Infancy: A Systematic Review Based on Clinical Presentations, Associated Anomalies, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Sharma Charu , Borkar Nitinkumar Bhajandas , Ashwin C. , Sinha Chandrasen 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Need and Purpose of Review:
Approximately 75% of patients with classic malrotation and midgut volvulus present in neonatal age-group; another 15% may present up to one year. In these, the diagnosis is made because of typical presentation. However, there are many cases in which malrotation has been detected after infancy. In-spite of the variable case reports and studies in literature, there is no specific data on the incidence of malrotation after infancy, its presentation and management guidelines. With this systematic review, we aim to coalesce these findings from various individual case reports and studies.

Methods Used for Collecting and Analysing Data:
This systematic review was performed as per the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses) guidelines. The authors conducted thorough searches in databases like PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Web of Science for relevant articles. Studies were reviewed for clinical presentation and outcome for malrotation diagnosed beyond infancy.

Main Conclusions:
Clinical presentation of malrotation after infancy can be acute as well as chronic; acute presentation being common under 2 years of age and chronic symptoms present as age increases. Sudden onset of abdominal pain and bilious vomiting are commonest acute symptoms and intermittent episodes of recurring vague abdominal pain associated with vomiting and diarrhoea are the commonest chronic symptoms. The diagnostic modalities vary from UGI Contrast series to USG with colour Doppler and CECT scan. Management is operative open as well as laparoscopic Ladd’s procedure is being favoured.

Key Messages

Presentation of malrotation beyond infancy is infact more than that reported in literature. Timely and appropriate diagnosis of malrotation is essential to avoid gangrene and subsequent gut loss and morbidity.
Nongenetic Risk Factors of Severe Hypospadias: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Indriasari Vita , Diposarosa Rizki , Syukriani Yoni Fuadah , Rachmadi Dedi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Various risk factors were contributed to hypospadias and may be varied by region and hypospadias severity. The study aims to analyze the nongenetic risk factors associated with severe hypospadias in a provincial referral hospital in West Java, Indonesia.

Methods:
A case–control study was conducted in hypospadias patients and boys with normal penis treated in our institution during 6-month period. Risk factors of hypospadias were compared between severe and mild hypospadias and the control group and analyzed with Chi-square/Fisher exact test and multivariate logistic regression analysis (P < 0.05 = significant).

Results:
We studied 84 subjects consist of 46 hypospadias patients (severe: 30 and mild: 16) and 38 control groups. Maternal workplace, primipara, age >35 years old, overweight, the absence of nausea, hypertension, bleeding, alcohol, cigarette smoking, medication, and vegetarian during pregnancy, as well as prematurity, were not significantly different between groups. The use of hormonal contraception and low birth weight infants were significantly higher in severe hypospadias (P = 0.033; P = 0.023; respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hormonal contraception, primipara, and age >35 years old were the risk factors of severe hypospadias (P = 0.008; P = 0.003, P = 0.049, respectively).

Conclusions:
Hormonal contraception, primipara, and maternal age >35 years old are among the nongenetic risk factors of severe hypospadias in West Java.
Dear Laparoscopic Surgeons: Caution with the Use of Glutaraldehyde!!!
Authors: Phugat Shivani , Choudhury Prativa , Jain Vishesh , Dhua Anjan Kumar , Yadav Devendra Kumar , Bhattacharjee Hemanga Kumar , Anand Sachit , Singh Harpreet , Agarwala Sandeep , Goel Prabudh 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The occupational hazards of glutaraldehyde are well known; the possibility of harm to the patients has been highlighted in the form of isolated reports only.

Objective:
To synthesize evidence for contact mucosal injury or injury due to intraperitoneal instillation of glutaraldehyde following its use during laparoendoscopy.

Materials and Methods:
The current review is Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) compliant. PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar were interrogated for animal and human studies upon the harmful effects of glutaraldehyde during laparoscopy and proctosigmoido-colonoscopy.

Results:
Thirty-five studies substratified into animal experiments (n = 2), glutaraldehyde-induced colitis (G-iC) postendoscopy (n = 30), and laparoscopy (n = 3) were included. Rats suffered mucosal injury following colonic injection of glutaraldehyde which was time- and concentration-dependent quantum and developed bloody diarrhoea. Omental and renal injury was observed due to glutaraldehyde instillation during simulation of intra-peritoneal insufflation in rats; the serum leucocytes, CRP and creatinine were also elevated. G-iC following colonoscopy was related to contact mucosal injury due to failure (human or machinery) to rinse the chemical off the instrument surface or as a case of mistaken identity (glutaraldehyde was mistaken for saline or another reagent). The incubation period was <24 h in 90% of patients; clinical presentation was related to the initiation of intense inflammation. Intraperitoneal instillation during laparoscopy also leads to intense inflammation. One patient was asymptomatic, the second required laparotomy and peritoneal irrigation for 48 h, while the third case underwent multiple laparotomies for enteric cutaneous and enteroenteric fistulae, adhesions, and multiple intra-abdominal abscesses. Hydronephrosis consequent to retroperitoneal fibrosis has been reported.

Conclusions:
The use of glutaraldehyde in the patient care facilities should be discontinued; when unavoidable, the standard processes of disinfection and rinsing must be stringently followed.
Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Pulp Capping Agents: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies
Authors: Priyadharshini S. Swathi , Ragavendran Chinnasamy , Unnikrishnan Manu , Sherwood I. Anand , Amaechi Bennett T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The primary aim was to evaluate the physicochemical and biological characteristics of pulp capping materials.

Materials and Methods:
The systematic review report adhered to the latest Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statements, and the protocol was pre-registered (CRD42023471030) in the PROSPERO database before its commencement. To retrieve relevant literature, electronic searches were conducted using the Medline and Google Scholar databases from January 2000, up to August 2023. The records obtained through our electronic search were managed using a specialized web application for systematic review screening, and data were extracted using a standardized form. The evaluation of potential bias within the studies employed the modified Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist specifically designed for reporting in vitro dental material research.

Results:
The results revealed that out of 255 identified records, 16 studies were included. An analysis based on the modified CONSORT checklist identified a moderate risk of bias in the included studies, with compliance scores ranging from 50% to 70%. Studies scoring below 50% were omitted from the discussion because of a higher risk of bias.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that the physicochemical properties of resin-incorporated materials are better than those of calcium silicate cement (CSCs). However, the biological properties of CSCs are superior to those of resin-incorporated materials.
Role of Robotics in Transforming Orthodontic Practice – A Narrative Review
Authors: Ahuja Dhruv , Jose Nidhin Philip , Shetty Prajwal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The dental specialty of orthodontics is moving toward a modern era of dental medicine assisted by robots. The advent of artificial intelligence in the field of technology has led to the emergence of robotics which has remarkably changed the orthodontic scenario in today’s world. The latest technology of robotics has various applications in the field of orthodontics to facilitate better treatment outcomes. From the management and diagnosis of treatment for orthodontic patients to helping orthodontists in patient care, robots have played a vital role. The blooming augmented reality with the latest concept of nanotechnology has paved the way for the production of robots and nanorobots, covering the broader areas of medical science. However, modern robot technology has not been introduced completely to orthodontic research; hence, this review highlights the application of robots and the futuristic aspects of artificial intelligence in orthodontics.
The Influence of Modeling Liquid on Microhardness of Single-Shade Composite Resins: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Arslandaş Dinçtürk Beyza , Aksoy Yüksek Merve , Kedici Alp Cemile 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To assess the effect of modeling liquid on the microhardness of single-shade universal composites.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 60 disk-shaped samples were prepared in six groups [Omnichroma (OM), Essentia Universal (EU), Vittra APS Unique (VA), OM + Signum, EU + Signum, and VA + Signum] for surface microhardness measurements. Samples were stored in a coffee solution for 7 days and after that bleached with an Office bleaching agent (Total Blanc Office). Surface microhardness was measured for baseline, after staining, and after bleaching. A two-way analysis of variance test was used for statistical analysis (P < 0.05).

Results:
In terms of microhardness, there is a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the two categories with and without modeling liquid. The alterations in microhardness measurements at baseline, after staining, and after bleaching are statistically significant (P < 0.05). The Essentia groups showed the lowest microhardness findings at all measurement times. Microhardness values decreased significantly more when EU was applied along with modeling liquid than when it was not applied at different intervals.

Conclusions:
Modeling liquid affects the microhardness of single-shade composites. Microhardness is reduced when modeling liquid is used for all three single-shade universal composite resins at three different times.
Root Resorption and Alveolar Bone Changes in the Maxillary Canine Retraction Using NiTi Closed-Coil Springs Versus Elastomeric Chains: A Split-Mouth Trial
Authors: Le Lam Nguyen , Ma Hanh Ngoc , Do Thao Thi , Le Khanh Vu Phuong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To compare apical root resorption and alveolar bone changes induced by the maxillary canine closure procedure performed on patients with Angle Class I malocclusion using NiTi closed-coil springs versus elastomeric chains.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-one adult patients who had been instructed to undergo bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction completed a randomized clinical trial split-mouth study with a double-blind design. Elastomeric chains will be used on the left side, and NiTi closed-coil springs will be used on the right side for patients with even numbers. Elastomeric chains will be used on the right side of patients with an odd number, whereas NiTi closed-coil springs will be used on the left side of patients. For each patient, cone-beam computed tomography of the maxillary canine and lateral cephalometric radiographs were carried out before and after treatment to evaluate apical root resorption and perform cephalometric measurements.

Result:
The tooth root length decreased by 0.90 ± 0.60 mm in the NiTi closed-coil spring group. The alveolar bone level increased by 0.53 ± 0.66 mm on the buccal side and by 0.79 ± 0.72 mm on the lingual side. These changes were statistically significant (P < 0.001). In the elastomeric chain group, the tooth root length was decreased by 0.92 ± 0.69 mm, and the levels of vertical buccal and lingual alveolar bone increased significantly (P < 0.001). Compared to NiTi closed-coil springs and elastomeric chain groups, there was a 0.03 ± 0.878 mm difference in the tooth root length; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.878).

Conclusion:
Elastomeric chains and NiTi closed-coil springs both generated tooth root resorption, but the results were comparable and the difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference between the elastomeric chain and NiTi closed-coil spring groups regarding the changes in alveolar bone loss around the maxillary canines.