bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the geographical distribution of Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) in Brazil
Authors: de Queiroz Dalva Luiz , Majer Jonathan , Burckhardt Daniel , Zanetti Ronald , Fernandez Jaime Ivan R , de Queiroz Elisiane Castro , Garrastazu Marilice , Fernandes Bianca Vique , dos Anjos Norivaldo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe red gum lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, has been introduced from Australia into several countries, mostly in the Americas and Europe. It was first discovered in Brazil in 2003 and has continued to spread there. Today, the species is a major pest in eucalypt plantations and often requires expensive control measures. Ecological modelling is used here to estimate the potential spread of G. brimblecombeii, worldwide and particularly in Brazil, based on environmental variables from 502 records of G. brimblecombei around the world. Distribution data from Australia were obtained from the literature and recent field surveys. For the first time, G. brimblecombei is recorded from Western Australia. Through the Openmodeller® program interface, 22 bioclimatic variables were used to test the efficacy of the following models: BIOCLIM, Climate Space Model, Envelope Score, Environmental Distance, GARP with best subsets (new Openmodeller implementation), GARP new Openmodeller implementation, GARP best subsets (Desktop GARP implementation), Niche Mosaic and Support Vector Machines. Among these models, Environmental Distance was the best predictor for the potential distribution of G. brimblecombei in new regions. Temperate areas appeared to be more favourable for G. brimblecombei. Regions with highest probability of occurrence in Brazil, in hierarchical order are: the southern part of the Atlantic Forest, Pampa, Caatinga and Cerrado. This modelling procedure provides a useful tool that should be incorporated in future strategies for pest management in eucalypt plantations.
Change in the woody floristic composition, diversity and structure from protected to unprotected savannahs in Pendjari Biosphere Reserve (Benin, West Africa)
Authors: Houehanou Thierry D. , Glèlè Kakaï Romain L. , Assogbadjo Achille E. , Kindomihou Valentin , Houinato Marcel , Wittig Rüdiger , Sinsin Brice A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSavannahs are widespread vegetation type in Sudanian zone of Africa. As protected areas are often assumed to be the best way to conserve biodiversity, we assessed the effectiveness of the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve in Benin, for maintaining savannah woody species composition, diversity and structure. Square plots of 900 m2 were randomly established in protected and surrounding unprotected savannahs, and all woody species (dbh ≥ 1 cm) were recorded and identified. Species composition, Importance Value Index, densities, basal area and diversity indexes were assessed in relation to conservation status. The results showed that DCA based on presence/absence species data did not separate clearly protected savannahs from unprotected ones. However, some species were prominent in unprotected savannahs while others showed the same scheme in protected ones. Diversity indexes indicated a good distribution of species in the two savannah types. The woody density showed a higher value in protected than unprotected savannah at shrub layer level. The basal area was significantly higher in the protected savannah than unprotected one at the two woody layer levels. It can be concluded that biodiversity conservation in surrounding unprotected areas should be of great importance to increase biodiversity conservation by protected area whether specific actions were implemented.
Hospital versus outpatient care for preterm pre‐labour rupture of membranes
Authors: Beckmann Michael , Gardener Glenn 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundTo report the outcomes of women admitted following preterm pre‐labour rupture of membranes (pPROM) and to determine whether the location of care (hospital vs outpatient) influences maternal and perinatal outcomes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed using routinely collected de‐identified data of 144 women (between June 2007 and June 2011) who presented to the Mater Mother's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia, with pPROM (prior to 34 weeks 0 days gestation) and who remained undelivered after 72 h from the time of ruptured membranes. Outcomes were compared for women who were subsequently managed as an outpatient (n = 53) versus those who were managed in hospital (n = 91). The two primary outcome measures were composite outcomes of (i) maternal morbidity and (ii) perinatal morbidity/mortality. The composite outcome of maternal morbidity comprised one or more of antepartum haemorrhage, clinical chorioamnionitis and/or endometritis, cord prolapse, blood transfusion, wound infection/haematoma/dehiscence/seroma. The composite outcome of perinatal morbidity/mortality comprised one or more of stillbirth, neonatal death, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal infection, chronic neonatal lung disease, intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia and necrotising enterocolitis.ResultsWhen adjusted for confounders, there was no difference between hospital care and outpatient care in the composite outcome measure of perinatal morbidity/mortality (aOR 1.37; 95%CI 0.55–3.47) or the composite outcome measure of maternal morbidity (aOR 1.62; 95%CI 0.67–3.89).ConclusionsWomen with pPROM who remain undelivered after 72 h and are managed out of hospital do not appear to have significant differences in major adverse maternal or perinatal outcomes compared with those managed as inpatients.
Burden of bisphosphonate‐associated femoral fractures
Authors: Shkolnikova Julia , Flynn Jennifer , Choong Peter 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundBisphosphonates decrease the risk of typical low trauma fractures, and are commonly prescribed for this indication. The link between atypical fractures and bisphosphonate use is well established; however, who is susceptible to atypical fracture remains unclear. A number of large population‐based studies have disregarded the atypical fracture risk as they have found the absolute risk to be low.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of the radiographs and charts of all patients who presented with subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures over a 5‐year period. Patients were interviewed to determine functionality post‐fracture.ResultsAtypical fractures represented 30.3% of all diaphyseal and subtrochanteric femoral fractures. Ninety per cent of all atypical fractures were associated with bisphosphonate use. Atypical fracture patients were younger, more active and are independent prior to fracture and experienced significant complications and self‐reported level of function and health declines post‐fracture.ConclusionThe burden of bisphosphonate‐associated atypical fractures is significant. The aetiology of these fractures is unclear, and to date, no studies have demonstrated the significance of the injury for the patient. Prescription of bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis should be accompanied by ongoing surveillance and warning of the possibility of atypical and minimal trauma fractures.
Intramyocellular lipid variations in active older men: relationship with aerobic fitness
Authors: Rouffet D. , Villars C. , Fissoune R. , Sappey‐Marinier D. , Laville M. , Ibarrola D. , Sothier M. , Monnet M.‐F. , Ovize M. , Bonnefoy M. , Boesch C. , Canet‐Soulas E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimsIntramyocellular lipid (IMCL) variations in older men are poorly explored. In young adults, IMCL can be influenced by both diet and exercise interventions; this flexibility is related to aerobic fitness. We evaluated in active older adults the influence of maximal aerobic capacity on short‐term diet and exercise‐induced variations in IMCL stores.MethodsIntramyocellular lipids were measured by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) after a 3‐day fat depletion‐replenishment diet (IMCLFDR) and immediately after a 2‐h exercise at 50% VO2 max (IMCLFDR_EX). To further explore diet influence, the protocol was repeated after a high‐fat diet (HF), with both pre‐ and post‐exercise measurements (IMCLHF and IMCLHF_EX).ResultsIn active older men (69.8 ± 5.2 years), IMCLFDR was lowered by exercise (IMCLFDR = 3.45 ± 1.52 vs. IMCLFDR_EX = 2.74 ± 1.15 mmol kg−1 wet weight, P < 0.05), and exercise‐induced variations were correlated to the initial store (P < 0.05, r = −0.72). IMCLFDR was linked with aerobic fitness (P < 0.05, r = 0.76), when adjusted by fat mass. IMCLHF was lower than IMCLFDR (P < 0.05), decreased after exercise (P < 0.05) and varied also as a function of initial store (P < 0.05, r = −0.89), but without link with aerobic fitness. Finally, diet‐induced IMCL store variations were positively linked to aerobic fitness (P < 0.05, r = 0.89).ConclusionVariations of the IMCL stores in physically active older adults appear related to aerobic fitness, with similarly fast adaptation to short‐term interventions combining diet and exercise as young active adults.
Current understanding of allergic transfusion reactions: incidence, pathogenesis, laboratory tests, prevention and treatment
Authors: Hirayama Fumiya 
Published: December 2012

SummaryNon‐haemolytic transfusion reactions are the most common type of transfusion reaction and include transfusion‐related acute lung injury, transfusion‐associated circulatory overload, allergic reactions, febrile reactions, post‐transfusion purpura and graft‐versus‐ host disease. Although life‐threatening anaphylaxis occurs rarely, allergic reactions occur most frequently. If possible, even mild transfusion reactions should be avoided because they add to patients' existing suffering. During the last decade, several new discoveries have been made in the field of allergic diseases and transfusion medicine. First, mast cells are not the only cells that are key players in allergic diseases, particularly in the murine immune system. Second, it has been suggested that immunologically active undigested or digested food allergens in a donor's blood may be transferred to a recipient who is allergic to these antigens, causing anaphylaxis. Third, washed platelets have been shown to be effective for preventing allergic transfusion reactions, although substantial numbers of platelets are lost during washing procedures, and platelet recovery after transfusion may not be equivalent to that with unwashed platelets. This review describes allergic transfusion reactions, including the above‐mentioned points, and focusses on their incidence, pathogenesis, laboratory tests, prevention and treatment.
Invertebrates, ecosystem services and climate change
Authors: Prather Chelse M. , Pelini Shannon L. , Laws Angela , Rivest Emily , Woltz Megan , Bloch Christopher P. , Del Toro Israel , Ho Chuan‐Kai , Kominoski John , Newbold T. A. Scott , Parsons Sheena , Joern A. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe sustainability of ecosystem services depends on a firm understanding of both how organisms provide these services to humans and how these organisms will be altered with a changing climate. Unquestionably a dominant feature of most ecosystems, invertebrates affect many ecosystem services and are also highly responsive to climate change. However, there is still a basic lack of understanding of the direct and indirect paths by which invertebrates influence ecosystem services, as well as how climate change will affect those ecosystem services by altering invertebrate populations. This indicates a lack of communication and collaboration among scientists researching ecosystem services and climate change effects on invertebrates, and land managers and researchers from other disciplines, which becomes obvious when systematically reviewing the literature relevant to invertebrates, ecosystem services, and climate change. To address this issue, we review how invertebrates respond to climate change. We then review how invertebrates both positively and negatively influence ecosystem services. Lastly, we provide some critical future directions for research needs, and suggest ways in which managers, scientists and other researchers may collaborate to tackle the complex issue of sustaining invertebrate‐mediated services under a changing climate.
Autoantibody against WD repeat domain 1 is a novel serological biomarker for screening of thyroid neoplasia
Authors: Izawa Shoichiro , Okamura Tomohisa , Matsuzawa Kazuhiko , Ohkura Tsuyoshi , Ohkura Hiroko , Ishiguro Kiyosuke , Noh Jaeduk Yoshimura , Kamijo Keiichi , Yoshida Akio , Shigemasa Chiaki , Kato Masahiko , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Taniguchi Shin‐ichi 
Published: December 2012

SummaryBackgroundThyroid nodules are common among adults, and accurate diagnosis is critical in for management decisions. Ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology are the most common methods to evaluate nodules, but they are not practical for screening large numbers of patients because of cost and time considerations.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to isolate an autoantibody to tumour antigen, WD repeat domain 1 (WDR1), and evaluate its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for thyroid neoplasms.Patients and MethodsWe investigated serological biomarkers in patients with thyroid carcinoma who had a poor prognosis. Using a serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression cloning (SEREX) strategy, we isolated WDR1 and its specific autoantibody in the sera of patients with undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma (UTC). We examined using indirect ELISA, the titre of the anti‐WDR1 antibody (AWA) in 54 study patients: 10 with UTC, 20 with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 17 with benign thyroid nodule (BTN), 7 with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), as well as 38 controls (N).ResultsWDR1 was ubiquitously expressed in various types of thyroid tissues. However, the titre of AWA in UTC and PTC was significantly higher than that in BTN, AITD and N (P < 0·001). No significant correlation was observed between thyroid function, serum thyroglobulin and tumour diameter. The cut‐off value estimated using ROC to differentiate malignancies from others was 0·95 (sensitivity 96·7%, specificity 91·9%, AUC 0·969, P < 0·001).ConclusionsAnti‐WDR1 antibody could be a novel approach for serological screening of PTC and UTC, and could be an efficient and inexpensive biomarker.
Nocturnal hypoglycaemia in ACTH and GH deficient children: role of continuous glucose monitoring
Authors: Cambiaso Paola , Schiaffini Riccardo , Pontrelli Giuseppe , Carducci Chiara , Ubertini Graziamaria , Crea Francesca , Cappa Marco 
Published: December 2012

SummaryObjectivesTo evaluate the usefulness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to identify nocturnal hypoglycaemia in children affected by combined ACTH and GH deficiency and to optimize the hydrocortisone replacement therapy in these patients.Study designEleven patients with ACTH and GH deficiency (five boys and six girls, age 1·6–16·8 years) underwent CGM for 36 h, including two nights. At least two consecutive glucose levels <2·78 mm were considered hypoglycaemic episodes. The differences in age and doses of hydrocortisone and recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) between children with and without hypoglycaemia were analysed. The percentage of the glucose values <3·33 mm and the mean glucose levels were also evaluated.ResultsContinuous glucose monitoring demonstrated nocturnal hypoglycaemia lasting from 30 to 155 min (1·5% of the total monitoring time) in three cases (27%). No statistically significant differences in age and rhGH dose were observed between children with or without hypoglycaemia. Conversely, the difference in the hydrocortisone doses between the patients with and without hypoglycaemia resulted statistically significant (5·9 vs 8·5 mg/m²/day; P = 0·04). Eight patients presented glucose values less than 3·33 mm during 5% of the total monitoring time. Hydrocortisone dose showed significant positive linear relation with mean glucose level (r = 0·79, P = 0·0035) and inverse relation with time lags of glucose levels under 3·33 mm (r = −0·65, P = 0·03).ConclusionsOur study shows that CGM may represent a valuable tool to detect nocturnal asymptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes and optimize the hydrocortisone therapeutic regimen in children with ACTH and GH deficiency.
Just‐in‐Time Texture Synthesis
Authors: Wang Lili , Shi Yulong , Chen Yi , Popescu Voicu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTexture bombing is a texture synthesis approach that saves memory by stopping short of assembling the output texture from the arrangement of input texture patches; instead, the arrangement is used directly at run time to texture surfaces. However, several problems remain in need of better solutions. One problem is improving texture diversification. A second problem is that mipmapping cannot be used because texel data is not stored explicitly. The lack of an appropriate level‐of‐detail (LoD) scheme results in severe minification artefacts. We present a just‐in‐time texturing method that addresses these two problems. Texture diversification is achieved by modelling a texture patch as an umbrella, a versatile hybrid 3‐D geometry and texture structure with parameterized appearance. The LoD is adapted continuously with a hierarchical algorithm that acts directly on the arrangement map. Results show that our method can model and render the diversity present in nature with only small texture memory requirements.
Adjuvant treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma after orthotopic liver transplantation: do we really need this?
Authors: Fujiki M. , Aucejo F. , Kim R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to rise and is still a major cause of mortality. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) continues to give patients the best chance for cure, but recurrence of the disease remains a problem. Even with the implementation of the Milan criteria, recurrence rates have been shown to be 8–15% in most studies and even higher in patients who are beyond the Milan criteria. Therefore, several investigators have looked into the value of adjuvant therapy using systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy in HCC after OLT. Unfortunately, most of the trials are very small, and the results have been disappointing. But trials using Licartin seem to be promising, and other drugs such as FOLFOX and sorafenib warrant further investigation based on their efficacy in the advanced disease. In this review, we will review the current data on efficacy and rationale of adjuvant treatment for HCC after OLT including novel biomarkers.
Report on CTSA Consortium Use of the Community Engagement Consulting Service
Authors: Carter‐Edwards Lori , Cook Jennifer L. , McDonald Mary Anne , Weaver Sarah M. , Chukwuka Kemi , Eder Milton “Mickey” 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe CTSA Community Engagement Consultative Service (CECS) is a national partnership designed to improve community engaged research (CEnR) through expert consultation. This report assesses the feasibility of CECS and presents findings from 2008 to 2009.MethodologyA coordinating center and five regional coordinating sites managed the service. CTSAs identified a primary previsit CE best practice for consultants to address and completed self‐assessments, postvisit evaluations, and action plans. Feasibility was assessed as the percent of CTSAs participating and completing evaluations. Frequencies were calculated for evaluation responses.ResultsOf the 38 CTSAs, 36 (95%) completed a self‐assessment. Of these 36 sites, 83%, 53%, and 44% completed a consultant visit, evaluation, and action plan, respectively, and 56% of the consultants completed an evaluation. The most common best practice identified previsit was improvement in CEnR (addressing outcomes that matter); however, relationship building with communities was most commonly addressed during consulting visits. Although 90% of the consultants were very confident sites could develop an action plan, only 35% were very confident in the CTSAs’ abilities to implement one.ConclusionsAcademic medical centers interested in collaborating with communities and translating research to improve health need to further develop their capacity for CE and CEnR within their institutions. Clin Trans Sci 2013; Volume 6: 34–39
Moderate Oxidative Stress and High Antioxidative Activity Are Associated with Steatosis in Japanese Males
Authors: Imatoh Takuya , Kamimura Seiichirou , Tanihara Shinichi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground and aimSteatosis is an increasingly common problem worldwide, accompanying increasing obesity. Recently, it has been suggested that oxidative stress plays an important role in development of fatty liver disease. We carried out an epidemiological study to clarify the role of oxidative stress and antioxidative activity in steatosis.MethodsThis study was conducted with 184 male workers who had received their annual health checkup. Steatosis was confirmed using ultrasonography. Oxidative stress and antioxidative activity were assessed using the dROM test and the BAP test, respectively.ResultsSteatosis was confirmed in 59 subjects (29.7%) by ultrasonography. There was no significant difference between cases and controls in BAP levels (2229.0 μmol/L vs. 2194.3μmol/L, p = 0.83). The steatosis group showed significantly lower dROM levels than the control group (332.7 U. CARR vs. 316.8 U. CARR, p < 0.05). In addition, we carried out logistic regression analysis to assess the combination between dROM levels and BAP levels. Subjects with high dROM levels and high BAP levels had 74% lower risk for steatosis than subjects with low dROM levels and high BAP levels.ConclusionsOur results suggested that moderate oxidative stress and high antioxidative activity was associated with decreased steatosis risk in Japanese males. Clin Trans Sci 2013; Volume 6: 45–49
The Establishment of Research Ethics Consultation Services (RECS): An Emerging Research Resource
Authors: McCormick Jennifer B. , Sharp Richard R. , Ottenberg Abigale L. , Reider Carson R. , Taylor Holly A. , Wilfond Benjamin S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEmphasis on translational research to facilitate progression from the laboratory into the community also creates a dynamic in which ethics and social policy questions and solutions are ever pressing. In response, academic institutions are creating Research Ethics Consultation Services (RECS). All Clinical Translational Science Award institutions were surveyed in early 2010 to determine which institutions have a RECS in operation and what is their composition and function. Of the 46 institutions surveyed, 33 (70%) have a RECS. Only 15 RECS have received any consult requests in the last year. Issues that are common among these relatively nascent services include relationships with institutional oversight committees, balancing requestor concerns about confidentiality with research integrity and human subjects protection priorities, tracking consult data and outcomes, and developing systems for internal evaluation. There is variability in how these issues are approached. It will be important to be attentive to the institutional context to develop an appropriate approach. Further data about the issues raised by requestors and the recommendations provided are necessary to build a community of scholars who can navigate and resolve ethical issues encountered along the translational research pathway. Clin Trans Sci 2013; Volume 6: 40–44