bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pro‐tumourigenic loop at the human prostate tumour interface orchestrated by oestrogen,CXCL12and mast cell recruitment
Authors: Ellem Stuart J , Taylor Renea A , Furic Luc , Larsson Ola , Frydenberg Mark , Pook David , Pedersen John , Cawsey Bree , Trotta Andrew , Need Eleanor , Buchanan Grant , Risbridger Gail P 
Published: July 2014

AbstractProstate cancer is hormone‐dependent and regulated by androgens as well as oestrogens. The tumour microenvironment also provides regulatory control, but the balance and interplay between androgens and oestrogens at the human prostate tumour interface is unknown. This study reveals a central and dominant role for oestrogen in the microenvironment, fuelling a pro‐tumourigenic loop of inflammatory cytokines involving recruitment of mast cells by carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Mast cell numbers were increased in humanPCaclinical specimens, specifically within the peritumoural stroma. Human mast cells were also shown to expressERαandERβ, with oestradiol directly stimulating mast cell proliferation and migration as well as altered cytokine/chemokine expression. There was a significant shift in the oestrogen:androgen balance inCAFsversus normal prostatic fibroblasts (NPFs), with a profound increase toER:ARexpression. Androgen signalling is also reduced inCAFs, whileERαandERβtranscriptional activity is not, allowing oestrogen to dictate hormone action in the tumour microenvironment. Gene microarray analyses identifiedCXCL12as a major oestrogen‐driven target gene inCAFs, andCAFsrecruit mast cells viaCXCL12in aCXCR4‐dependent manner. Collectively, these data reveal multicellular oestrogen action in the tumour microenvironment and show dominant oestrogen, rather than androgen, signalling at the prostatic tumour interface. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A genetically engineered mouse model developing rapid progressive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yamaguchi Takashi , Ikehara Sanae , Nakanishi Hayao , Ikehara Yuzuru 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe premalignant lesions of pancreatic cancer, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), have a high frequency of mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS), and genetic alterations in the retinoblastoma (Rb)–E2 factor (E2F) and transformed 3T3 cell double minute 2 (MDM2)–p53 pathways accelerate development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The viral oncoprotein SV40 large T antigen (TAg) can inhibit the effects of the Rb family of molecules and of p53 on these pathways, and targeted expression of TAg in mouse pancreas is associated with the development of endocrine or acinar cell tumours. In this study, to determine whether the viral oncoprotein promotes pancreatic duct carcinogenesis initiated by oncogenic KRAS, we generated mice expressing temperature‐sensitive SV40 large T antigen (tsTAg) on pancreatic epithelial cells in the presence or absence of KrasG12D. Mice with pancreas‐specific tsTAg expression developed acinar cell dysplasia by 22 weeks without PanIN formation, while mice expressing both tsTAg and KrasG12D developed highly aggressive adenocarcinoma with a ductal cell phenotype within a short period, and died within 3 weeks. The tumours resembled human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at the histological level, and oncogenic Kras and tsTAg synergistically activated E2f and Sre transcription in established PDAC cell lines. These results suggest that tsTAg synergistically promotes KrasG12D‐associated PDAC formation, and our study identifies a new mouse model of PDAC that may allow a better understanding of the mechanism of carcinogenesis in pancreatic carcinoma, which shows a catastrophic clinical course. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Arctic warming in ERA‐Interim and other analyses
Authors: Simmons Adrian J. , Poli Paul 
Published: July 2014

Near‐surface and lower‐tropospheric warming of the Arctic over the past 35 years is examined for several datasets. The new estimate for the near surface reported by Cowtan and Way in 2014 agrees reasonably well with the ERA‐Interim reanalysis for this region. Both provide global averages with a little more warming over recent years than indicated by the widely used HadCRUT4 dataset, which has sparse coverage of the high Arctic. ERA‐Interim is more sensitive than the Cowtan and Way estimate to the state of the underlying Arctic Ocean.Observational coverage of the Arctic varies considerably over the period. Surface air‐temperature data of identified types are generally fitted well by ERA‐Interim, especially data from ice stations, which appear of excellent quality. ERA‐Interim nevertheless has a warm wintertime bias over sea‐ice. Mean fits vary in magnitude as coverage varies, but their overall changes are much smaller than analysed temperature changes. This is also largely the case for fits to data for the free troposphere. Much of the information on trends and low‐frequency variability provided by ERA‐Interim comes from its background forecast, which carries forward information assimilated from a rich variety of earlier observations, rather than from its analysis of surface air‐temperature observations.ERA‐Interim agrees quite well with the new JRA‐55 reanalysis, and with the MERRA reanalysis until recent years when MERRA exhibits weaker surface warming. Temperatures vary coherently between the surface and middle troposphere, with largest amplitude at the surface except in summer, when air temperatures are constrained by sea‐ice and open‐sea temperatures that differ little from 0°C. Much of the recent near‐surface warming of the Arctic is associated with reduced cold‐season sea‐ice cover, with low temperatures over ice replaced by much higher ones over open sea. This occurs primarily in a relatively well‐observed region around the northernmost islands of Europe and western Asia.
Extension of tabulated design parameters for rectangular columns exposed to fire taking into account second‐order effects and various fire models
Authors: Wang Lijie , Caspeele Robby , Van Coile Ruben , Taerwe Luc 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFire, as one of the most severe load conditions, has an important impact on concrete structures. Not only does a fire affect the material strength, it affects structural stiffness and stability as well. A concrete column, compared with other structural members, in most cases has to cope with both vertical forces and bending moments transferred by slabs and beams. Consequently, it is essential to find a reliable and practical way of establishing interaction curves for the overall structural behaviour of concrete columns subjected to fire. In this paper, a cross‐sectional calculation method based on the material models of Eurocode 2 is explained and adopted in order to calculate interaction curves for a typical rectangular column exposed to the ISO 834 standard fire. Subsequently, an iterative approach is introduced to develop interaction curves taking into account second‐order effects in the case of all the four faces of a column exposed to fire. The maximum permissible slenderness ratios for columns in different fire durations are obtained and compared with Eurocode 2 provisions. Finally, this method is used to calculate the maximum permissible slenderness ratios for columns exposed to hydrocarbon and natural fires.
Boron Cluster Anions [BnHn]2– (n = 10, 12) in Reactions of Iron(II) and Iron(III) Complexation with 2, 2′‐Bipyridyl and 1, 10‐Phenanthroline
Authors: Avdeeva Varvara V. , Vologzhanina Anna V. , Goeva Lyudmila V. , Malinina Elena A. , Kuznetsov Nikolay T. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractComplexation of FeII and FeIII with azaheterocyclic ligands L (L = phen or bipy) were studied in the presence and in the absence of boron cluster anions [BnHn]2– (n = 10, 12). The reactions were carried out in air at room temperature in organic solvents and/or water. In all the solvents used, well known [FeL3]An (An = 2Cl– or SO42–) ferrous complexes were formed from FeII salts. Composition of ferric complexes with L ligands depends on the nature of solvent: either dinuclear oxo‐iron(III) chlorides [L2ClFeIII–O–FeIIIL2Cl]Cl2 or ferric ferrates(III) [FeIIIL2Cl2][FeIIICl4], or [FeIIIL2Cl2][FeIIICl4L] were isolated from FeIII salts. Introduction of the closo‐borate anions to a Fe3+(or Fe2+)/L/solv. mixture stabilizes ferrous cationic complexes [FeL3]2+ in all the solvents used: only ferrous [FeL3][BnHn] (n = 10, 12) complexes were isolated from all the reaction mixtures in the presence of boron cluster anions.
Burden of Injuries Avertable By a Basic Surgical Package in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Regions: A Systematic Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study
Authors: Higashi Hideki , Barendregt Jan J. , Kassebaum Nicholas J. , Weiser Thomas G. , Bickler Stephen W. , Vos Theo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundInjuries accounted for 11 % of the global burden of disease in 2010. This study aimed to quantify the burden of injury in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) that could be averted if basic surgical services were made available and accessible to the entire population.MethodsWe examined all causes of injury from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study. We split the disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) for these conditions between surgically “avertable” and “nonavertable” burdens. For estimating the avertable fatal burden, we applied the lowest fatality rates among the 21 epidemiologic regions to each LMIC region, assuming that the differences in death rates between each region and the lowest rates reflect the gap in surgical care. We adjusted for fatal cases that occur prior to reaching hospitals as they are not surgically avertable. Similarly, we applied the lowest nonfatal burden per case to each LMIC region.ResultsOverall, 21 % of the injury burden in LMICs was potentially avertable by basic surgical care (52.3 million DALYs). The avertable proportion was greater for deaths than for nonfatal burden (23 vs. 20 %), suggesting that surgical services for injuries more effectively save lives than ameliorate disability. Sub‐Saharan Africa had the largest proportion of potentially avertable burden (25 %). South Asia had the highest total avertable DALYs (17.4 million). Road injury comprised the largest total avertable burden in LMICs (16.1 million DALYs).ConclusionsBasic surgical care has the potential to play a major role in reducing the injury‐related burden in LMICs.
Residents’ Engagement and Empathy Associated With Their Perception of Faculty’s Teaching Performance
Authors: Lases S. S. Lenny , Arah Onyebuchi A. , Pierik E. G. J. M. Robert , Heineman Erik , Lombarts M. J. M. H. Kiki 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundFaculty members rely on residents’ feedback about their teaching performance. The influence of residents’ characteristics on evaluations of faculty is relatively unexplored. We aimed to evaluate the levels of work engagement and empathy among residents and the association of both characteristics with their evaluation of the faculty’s teaching performance.MethodsA multicenter questionnaire study among 271 surgery and gynecology residents was performed from September 2012 to February 2013. Residents’ ratings of the faculty’s teaching performance were collected using the system for evaluation of teaching quality (SETQ). Residents were also invited to fill out standardized measures of work engagement and empathy using the short Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, respectively. Linear regression analysis using generalized estimating equations to evaluate the association of residents’ engagement and empathy with residents’ evaluations of teaching performance.ResultsOverall, 204 (75.3 %) residents completed 1814 SETQ evaluations of 302 faculty, and 143 (52.8 %) and 140 (51.7 %) residents, respectively, completed the engagement and empathy measurements. The median scores of residents’ engagement and empathy were 4.56 (scale 0–6) and 5.55 (scale 1–7), respectively. Higher levels of residents’ engagement (regression coefficient b = 0.128; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.072–0.184; p < 0.001) and empathy (b = 0.113; 95 % CI 0.063–0.164; p < 0.001) were associated with higher faculty teaching performance scores.ConclusionsResidents’ engagement and empathy appear to be positively associated with their evaluation of the faculty’s performance. A possible explanation is that residents who are more engaged and can understand and share others’ perspectives stimulate and experience faculty’s teaching better than others.
Optimization of a Colorimetric Test Method for Quantifying Glycerol in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Bompelly Radhika , Skaf Dorothy W. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMany analytical methods for glycerol involve chemical techniques or instrumentation that may be unavailable to small biodiesel processors or have potential interactions with other components in the glycerol phase. This work presents an analytical method based on periodate oxidation of glycerol to formaldehyde, which is then quantified using a modification of the Nash test required to remove excess periodate. The method provides a linear calibration over the range of diluted glycerol concentrations from 0.02 to 0.25 mM and is limited at high concentrations by the formation of precipitate during the Nash test. There are no observed interferences from the formic acid coproduct of the glycerol oxidation or from potential contaminants in the crude glycerol, which includes methanol and sodium. Several disaccharides and starch, both as individual solutes or in glycerol solutions, gave no response under the conditions of the described method.
Toxin Content of Commercial Castor Cultivars
Authors: McKeon Thomas A. , Auld Dick , Brandon David L. , Leviatov Shai , He Xiaohua 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe castor plant Ricinus communis L. is the source of castor oil which has numerous uses and is a key chemical feedstock for an array of products from polymers to cosmetics. Although castor was once widely grown throughout the world, the presence of the toxic protein ricin has deterred the re‐introduction of this useful crop. In order to develop a low‐ricin or no‐ricin castor crop, a robust, accurate method for screening castor seed for ricin content is essential. In this study, we validated a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of ricin and the homologous Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) in castor beans and screened a collection of castor lines including commercial varieties using this assay. Although the average content derived by extracting several seeds provided a fair representation of the ricin content for a given selection, there was enough seed‐to‐seed variation to justify determining the ricin/RCA content of individual seeds. Ricin levels observed ranged from 1.16 to 6.25 % by weight.
Effect of Acid Value on TBHQ and BHT Losses in Heating Oils: Identification of the Esterification Products of TBHQ and Free Fatty Acids
Authors: Li Jun , Bi Yanlan , Liu Wei , Sun Shangde , Liu Cuifang , Ma Sumin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe loss of phenolic antioxidants is one of the major problems associated with the food frying process. As temperature increases and heating time is prolonged, losses of both tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are significantly increased. In this work, the effect of different types of free fatty acids (FFA) and the acid value (AV) of soybean oil (SBO) on TBHQ and BHT losses during heating were systematically studied. The results showed that the higher the AV of SBO at 120 or 180 °C, the greater the TBHQ loss. The type of FFA also had an observable effect on TBHQ losses at both temperatures, whereas FFA type had no effect on BHT losses. Employing high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–mass spectra (LC–MS analysis, it was determined that esterification of TBHQ with FFA (C8:0, C18:0, C18:1) occurred at 120 or 180 °C, whereas esterification of BHT with FFA (C8:0, C18:0, C18:1) in SBO was not observed. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that esterification occurred at the 4‐position of TBHQ.
PGD by FISH for a Reciprocal Translocation: First Baby from India
Authors: Naik Dattatray J. , Madon Prochi F. , Naik Nandkishor J. , Athalye Arundhati S. , Parikh Firuza R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA couple with a history of five early miscarriages due to a balanced reciprocal translocation t(6;19) (p22;q13.4) in the wife, was referred for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). After oocyte retrieval, nine embryos were obtained. One cell from each embryo was biopsied, fixed and subjected to FISH using centromere and subtelomere probes for chromosomes 6 and 19. Five embryos which had unbalanced translocations, were not transferred. A balanced translocation or absence of translocation was seen in three embryos, which were transferred. One embryo had an anucleate cell and subsequently arrested. A pregnancy was achieved in the first intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle itself and resulted in the birth of a healthy baby. This is the first baby after PGD for a reciprocal translocation in India. In 2010, the team of the authors reported the first successful pregnancy after PGD for a Robertsonian translocation and a normal child was born.
Pubertal maturation and cortisol level in response to a novel social environment among female adolescents
Authors: Blumenthal Heidemarie , Leen‐Feldner Ellen W. , Badour Christal L. , Trainor Casey D. , Babson Kimberly A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTResearch indicates changes in HPA‐axis activity across puberty. The current study extends existing work by evaluating pubertal status and cortisol level in a novel social environment (research laboratory) while controlling for several important biological, behavioral, and psychological variables. Participants were 30 girls (ages 9–16 years) from the United States. Pubertal status was assessed via the Pubertal Development Scale. Salivary samples were collected at laboratory‐introduction and a matched at‐home period; laboratory‐introduction levels were regressed on basal cortisol levels to create standardized residual scores. After controlling for covariates, pubertal status was positively associated with residualized cortisol values. Findings indicate more advanced puberty related to greater cortisol response to the laboratory; data are discussed in terms of future research and building biopsychosocial models of the puberty‐psychopathology linkage.
The influence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers on clinical dementia evaluations
Authors: Gooblar Jonathan , Carpenter Brian D. , Coats Mary A. , Morris John C. , Snider B. Joy 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins have become accepted biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in research settings. The extent of their use, perceived utility, and influence on decision making in clinical settings, however, are less well studied.MethodsClinicians who evaluate older adults (N = 193) were randomized to view normal, borderline, AD‐consistent, or no CSF information in two vignettes portraying patients with borderline and mild AD symptoms. Clinicians also reported on the use and perceived utility of CSF biomarkers.ResultsAlthough clinicians reported infrequent use and low perceived utility of CSF biomarkers, viewing AD‐consistent CSF values made clinicians more likely to make an AD‐related diagnosis, increased diagnostic confidence, and led clinicians to initiate treatment more often than clinicians who had no CSF information.ConclusionsCSF biomarkers influence decision making depending on the extent to which biomarkers reflect AD pathology, consistency between clinical–pathologic information, and the ambiguity of protein values.
Isolation, screening and partial purification of antimicrobial antibiotics from soil Streptomyces sp. SCA 7
Authors: Saravana Kumar P. , Duraipandiyan V. , Ignacimuthu S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThirty‐seven actinomycetes strains were isolated from soil samples collected from an agriculture field in Vengodu, Thiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India (latitude: 12° 54′ 0033″, North; longitude: 79° 78′ 5216″, East; elevation: 228.6/70.0 ft/m). The isolates were assessed for antagonistic activity against five Gram‐positive bacteria, seven Gram‐negative bacteria, and two pathogenic fungi. During the initial screening, 43% of the strains showed weak activity, 16% showed moderate activity, 5% showed good activity, and 35% showed no antagonistic activity. Among the strains tested, SCA 7 showed strong antimicrobial activity. Maximum biological activity was obtained on modified nutrient glucose agar (MNGA) medium. The mycelia of SCA 7 were extracted with methanol and tested against microbial pathogens using the disc diffusion method. The crude extract was purified partially using column chromatography and assessed for antimicrobial activity. Fraction 10 showed good activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis (31.25 μg/mL) and Malassezia pachydermatis (500 μg/mL) and the active principle (fraction 10) was identified as 2,4‐bis (1,1‐dimethylethyl) phenol. Based on morphological, physiological, biochemical, cultural, and molecular characteristics (16S rDNA sequencing), this strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. SCA 7. It could be used in the development of new substances for pharmaceutical or agricultural purposes.
Evolution of disturbance wavepackets in an oscillatory Stokes layer
Authors: Thomas Christian , Davies Christopher , Bassom Andrew P. , Blennerhassett P. J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNumerical simulation results are presented for the linear and nonlinear evolution of disturbances in a flat Stokes layer. The response to a spatially localised impulsive forcing is investigated and it is found that the spatial–temporal development of the flow displays an intriguing family-tree-like structure, which involves the birth of successive generations of distinct wavepacket components. It is shown that some features of this unexpected structure can be predicted using the results of a linear stability analysis based on Floquet theory.
Thermally driven Marangoni surfers
Authors: Würger Alois 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe study autopropulsion of an interface particle that is driven by the Marangoni stress arising from a self-generated asymmetric temperature or concentration field. We calculate separately the long-range Marangoni flow $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}{\boldsymbol {v}}^{I}$ due to the stress discontinuity at the interface and the short-range velocity field ${\boldsymbol {v}}^{P}$ imposed by the no-slip condition on the particle surface. Both contributions are evaluated for a spherical floater with temperature monopole and dipole moments. We find that the self-propulsion velocity is given by the amplitude of the ‘source doublet’ that belongs to the short-range contribution ${\boldsymbol {v}}^{P}$. Hydrodynamic interactions, on the other hand, are determined by the long-range Marangoni flow ${\boldsymbol {v}}^{I}$. Its dipolar part results in an asymmetric advection pattern of neighbouring particles, which in turn may perturb the known hexatic lattice or even favour disordered states.