bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Efficient Micropropagation Protocols of Elite Accessions of Jatropha curcas L.
Authors: Naresh B. , Dhanasri G. , Reddy M Srikanth , Cherku Prathibha Devi 
Published: January 2014

Efficient micropropagation protocols were developed from explants of two accessions of Jatropha curcas L. viz. Rain Shadow Area Development (RSAD) department and Karimnagar (KM). Adventitious shoots were regenerated with higher frequency on medium-A from cotyledonary node explants, than those from axillary node and shoot-tip explants. Shoots were also regenerated from calluses developed from cotyledonary node and shoot-tip explants on medium-B. Regenerated shoots were rooted on medium-G, transplanted to pots and later transferred to field. Somatic embryos developed on embryogenic calluses produced from cotyledonary node explants on medium-C were converted to plantlets on medium-F and transferred to pots. Out of the 199 plants established in the Botanical Garden, 118 plants were developed from cotyledonary node explants, which indicates that they are the most suitable explants for micropropagation of Jatropha. D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i2.17524 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(2): 231-239, 2013 (December)
Development and characterization of 10 microsatellite markers in Sagina nodosa (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Singh Tarjinder , Edwards Joan , Maroja Luana S. 
Published: January 2014

• Premise of the study: We developed 10 novel microsatellite loci for Sagina nodosa, a diploid perennial arctic‐alpine herb. To our knowledge, these are the first microsatellite loci for a Sagina species.• Methods and Results: We performed a low‐coverage 454 next‐generation sequencing of enriched genomic fragments derived from one individual to generate a massive library of contigs containing potential polymorphic microsatellites. We present data for 10 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci containing di‐, tri‐, tetra‐, and hexanucleotide repeats with two to nine alleles per locus assessed in 29 individuals.• Conclusions: These polymorphic microsatellite loci in S. nodosa will provide insights on the population structure and life history of S. nodosa in Isle Royale and other North American populations.
Observation of mountain lee waves with MODIS NIR column water vapor
Authors: Lyapustin A. , Alexander M. J. , Ott L. , Molod A. , Holben B. , Susskind J. , Wang Y. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMountain lee waves have been previously observed in data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) “water vapor” 6.7 µm channel which has a typical peak sensitivity at 550 hPa in the free troposphere. This paper reports the first observation of mountain waves generated by the Appalachian Mountains in the MODIS total column water vapor (CWV) product derived from near‐infrared (NIR) (0.94 µm) measurements, which indicate perturbations very close to the surface. The CWV waves are usually observed during spring and late fall or some summer days with low to moderate CWV (below ~2 cm). The observed lee waves display wavelengths from 3–4 to 15 km with an amplitude of variation often comparable to ~50–70% of the total CWV. Since the bulk of atmospheric water vapor is confined to the boundary layer, this indicates that the impact of these waves extends deep into the boundary layer, and these may be the lowest level signatures of mountain lee waves presently detected by remote sensing over the land.
Convective vertical velocity and cloud internal vertical structure: An A‐Train perspective
Authors: Luo Zhengzhao Johnny , Jeyaratnam Jeyavinoth , Iwasaki Suginori , Takahashi Hanii , Anderson Ricardo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper describes a novel use of A‐Train observations to estimate vertical velocities for actively growing convective plumes and to relate them to cloud internal vertical structure. Convective vertical velocity is derived from time‐delayed (1–2 min) IR measurements from MODIS and IIR. Convective vertical velocities are found to be clustered around 2–4 m/s but the distributions are positively skewed with long tails extending to larger values. Land convection during the 13:30 overpasses has higher vertical velocities than those during the 1:30 overpasses; oceanic convection shows the opposite, albeit smaller, contrast. Our results also show that convection with larger vertical velocity tends to transport larger precipitation‐size particle and/or greater amount of water substance to higher altitude and produces heavier rainfall. Finally, we discuss the implications of this study for the designs of future space‐borne missions that focus on fast‐evolving processes such as those related to clouds and precipitation.
Occurrence probability and amplitude of equatorial ionospheric irregularities associated with plasma bubbles during low and moderate solar activities (2008–2012)
Authors: Huang Chao‐Song , de La Beaujardiere O. , Roddy P. A. , Hunton D. E. , Liu J. Y. , Chen S. P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present a statistical analysis of the occurrence probability of equatorial spread F irregularities measured by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite during 2008–2012. We use different criteria (plasma density perturbations, ΔN, and relative density perturbations, ∆N/N0) to identify the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the occurrence probability of irregularities is the same for different criteria, whether the patterns of irregularity occurrence vary with solar activity and with local time, and how the patterns of irregularity occurrence are correlated with ionospheric scintillation. It is found that the occurrence probability of irregularities and its variation with local time are significantly different when different identification criteria are used. The occurrence probability based on plasma density perturbations is high in the evening sector and becomes much lower after midnight. In contrast, the occurrence probability based on relative density perturbations is low in the evening sector but becomes very high after midnight in the June solstice. We have also compared the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities with scintillation. The occurrence pattern of the S4 index and its variation with local time are in good agreement with the irregularity occurrence based on plasma density perturbations but are significantly different from those based on relative density perturbations. This study reveals that the occurrence pattern of equatorial ionospheric irregularities varies with local time and that only the occurrence probability of irregularities based on plasma density perturbations is consistent with the occurrence of scintillation at all local times.
Long Residence Times Revealed by Aurora A Kinase‐Targeting Fluorescent Probes Derived from Inhibitors MLN8237 and VX‐689
Authors: Lavogina Darja , Enkvist Erki , Viht Kaido , Uri Asko 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe report the development of three fluorescent probes for protein kinase Aurora A that are derived from the well‐known inhibitors MLN8237 and VX‐689 (MK‐5108). Two of these probes target the ATP site of Aurora A, and one targets simultaneously the ATP and substrate sites of the kinase. The probes were tested in an assay with fluorescence polarisation/anisotropy readout, and we demonstrated slow association kinetics and long residence time of the probes (kon 105–107 M−1 s−1, koff 10−3–10−4 s−1; residence time 500–3000 s). The presence of the Aurora A activator TPX2 caused a significant reduction in the on‐rate and increase in the off‐rate of fluorescent probes targeting ATP site. These observations were supported by Aurora A inhibition assays with MLN8237 and VX‐689. Overall, our results emphasise the importance of rational design of experiments with these compounds and correct interpretation of the obtained data.
Development of the First Oral Bioprecursors of Bis‐alkylguanidine Antimalarial Drugs
Authors: Degardin Mélissa , Wein Sharon , Duckert Jean‐Frédéric , Maynadier Marjorie , Guy Alexandre , Durand Thierry , Escale Roger , Vial Henri , Vo‐Hoang Yen 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum is responsible of the most severe form of malaria, and new targets and novel chemotherapeutic scaffolds are needed to fight emerging multidrug‐resistant strains of this parasite. Bis‐alkylguanidines have been designed to mimic choline, resulting in the inhibition of plasmodial de novo phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. Despite potent in vitro antiplasmodial and in vivo antimalarial activities, a major drawback of these compounds for further clinical development is their low oral bioavailability. To solve this issue, various modulations were performed on bis‐alkylguanidines. The introduction of N‐disubstituents on the guanidino motif improved both in vitro and in vivo activities. On the other hand, in vivo pharmacological evaluation in a mouse model showed that the N‐hydroxylated derivatives constitute the first oral bioprecursors in bis‐alkylguanidine series. This study paves the way for bis‐alkylguanidine‐based oral antimalarial agents targeting plasmodial phospholipid metabolism.
Spatially Resolved Confocal Resonant Raman Microscopic Analysis of Anode‐Grown Geobacter sulfurreducens Biofilms
Authors: Lebedev Nikolai , Strycharz‐Glaven Sarah M. , Tender Leonard M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWhen grown on the surface of an anode electrode, Geobacter sulfurreducens forms a multi‐cell thick biofilm in which all cells appear to couple the oxidation of acetate with electron transport to the anode, which serves as the terminal metabolic electron acceptor. Just how electrons are transported through such a biofilm from cells to the underlying anode surface over distances that can exceed 20 microns remains unresolved. Current evidence suggests it may occur by electron hopping through a proposed network of redox cofactors composed of immobile outer membrane and/or extracellular multi‐heme c‐type cytochromes. In the present work, we perform a spatially resolved confocal resonant Raman (CRR) microscopic analysis to investigate anode‐grown Geobacter biofilms. The results confirm the presence of an intra‐biofilm redox gradient whereby the probability that a heme is in the reduced state increases with increasing distance from the anode surface. Such a gradient is required to drive electron transport toward the anode surface by electron hopping via cytochromes. The results also indicate that at open circuit, when electrons are expected to accumulate in redox cofactors involved in electron transport due to the inability of the anode to accept electrons, nearly all c‐type cytochrome hemes detected in the biofilm are oxidized. The same outcome occurs when a comparable potential to that measured at open circuit (−0.30 V vs. SHE) is applied to the anode, whereas nearly all hemes are reduced when an exceedingly negative potential (−0.50 V vs. SHE) is applied to the anode. These results suggest that nearly all c‐type cytochrome hemes detected in the biofilm can be electrochemically accessed by the electrode, but most have oxidation potentials too negative to transport electrons originating from acetate metabolism. The results also reveal a lateral heterogeneity (x–y dimensions) in the type of c‐type cytochromes within the biofilm that may affect electron transport to the electrode.
Control of Regio‐ and Enantioselectivity in the Asymmetric Organocatalytic Addition of Acetone to 4‐(Trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones
Authors: Sukach Volodymyr A. , Tkachuk Viktor M. , Shoba Veronika M. , Pirozhenko Volodymyr V. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Chekotilo Alexey A. , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Vovk Mykhailo V. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe reactions of variously substituted 4‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones with acetone in the presence of L‐proline or chiral secondary amine organocatalysts were studied. As demonstrated, 4‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones unsubstituted at the 6‐position of the heterocyclic ring react with acetone at the endocyclic C=N or C=C bond depending on whether thermodynamic or kinetic control is operative in the addition reaction and also depending on the catalyst used. Racemic kinetically preferred regioisomers, 6‐(2‐oxopropyl)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones, were found to undergo intermolecular organocatalytic rearrangement into enantioenriched thermodynamically stable products, 4‐(2‐oxopropyl)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones, with enantiomeric ratios up to 83:17.
Jatrophane Diterpenes: Preparation of the Western Fragment of Pl‐3
Authors: Lentsch Christoph , Fürst Rita , Mulzer Johann , Rinner Uwe 
Published: January 2014

AbstractJatrophane diterpenes are structurally intriguing natural products with promising biological properties. Herein, the synthesis of the western fragment of the Euphorbiaceae constituent Pl‐3 starting from (1R,5S)‐bicyclo[3.2.0]hept‐2‐en‐6‐one is described. Key steps in the sequence include a Baeyer–Villiger oxidation, an iodolactonization reaction, and the installation of the northern side chain through the addition of a lithiated vinyl bromide. The overall efficiency of the route is increased by taking advantage of latent symmetry.
Bioproduction of baccatin III, an advanced precursor of paclitaxol, with transgenic Flammulina velutipes expressing the 10‐deacetylbaccatin III‐10‐O‐acetyl transferase gene
Authors: Han Fei , Kang Lin‐Zhi , Zeng Xian‐Lu , Ye Zhi‐Wei , Guo Li‐Qiong , Lin Jun‐Fang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUND10‐Deacetylbaccatin III (10‐DAB) and baccatin III are intermediates in the biosynthesis of Taxol (an anti‐cancer drug) and useful precursors for semi‐synthesis of the drug. In this study, a bioconversion system was established for the production of baccatin III, an advanced precursor of paclitaxel, in the transgenic mushroom Flammulina velutipes expressing the 10‐deacetylbaccatin III‐10β‐O‐acetyltransferase gene. The expression vector pgFvs‐TcDBAT containing the 10‐deacetylbaccatin III‐10β‐O‐acetyltransferase (DBAT) gene was constructed and transformed into the cells of F. velutipes by polyethylene glycol‐mediated protoplast transformation.RESULTSPolymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting analysis verified the successful integration of the exogenous DBAT gene into the genome of F. velutipes. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme activity analyses confirmed that the DBAT gene was expressed in F. velutipes, and DBAT is able to convert substrate into baccatin III.CONCLUSIONThe DBAT gene from the plant Taxus chinensis can be functionally expressed in F. velutipes. Transgenic F. velutipes expressing the DBAT gene is able to produce the target product, baccatin III. This is the first report about the transformation and expression of paclitaxel biosynthetic gene in the edible mushroom F. velutipes. This represents a significant step towards bio‐production of paclitaxel and its advanced precursor baccatin III in an edible fungus. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Developing tools as plug‐ins: TOPI 2012 special issue
Authors: Garbervetsky Diego , Kim Sunghun 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYOur knowledge as to how to solve software engineering problems is increasingly being encapsulated in tools. These tools are at their strongest when they operate in a preexisting development that can provide integration with existing elements such as compilers, debuggers, profilers, and visualizers as well as numerous other development and, often, runtime tools. However, building tools as plug‐ins can be challenging and raise many questions: How do they interact with the core environment? How do they interact with other existing plug‐ins, especially as each developer may choose a different set of plug‐ins. How can we share tools across different and future core development environments? How do we evaluate the usefulness of the tools? The series of workshops on Developing Tools as Plug‐ins (TOPI) tries to address these questions. Researchers are invited to present position papers spotting the medium‐term and long‐term challenges of developing tools as plug‐ins as well as research contributions identifying recent successful tools as plug‐ins, characteristics of good plug‐ins and reports of the main difficulties in implementing plug‐ins in current platforms. This issue includes extended versions of the best papers presented at TOPI 2012. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On angular momentum and rest mass of the photon
Authors: LEHNERT BO 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA reconsideration is made on the basic concepts of the individual photon, including its angular momentum (spin) and a possibly existing very small rest mass. In terms of conventional classical theory, as well as of its quantum mechanical counterpart, the results from a so far established Standard Model of an empty vacuum state are not found to be reconcilable with an experimentally relevant photon model. The main properties of such a model would on the other hand become compatible with the results of a recently established revised quantum electrodynamic theory based on a non-zero electric field divergence in the vacuum and a corresponding symmetry breaking of the electromagnetic field.
Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliin swine: the public health perspective
Authors: Tseng Marion , Fratamico Pina M. , Manning Shannon D. , Funk Julie A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractShiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) strains are food-borne pathogens that are an important public health concern. STEC infection is associated with severe clinical diseases in human beings, including hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which can lead to kidney failure and death. Cattle are the most important STEC reservoir. However, a number of STEC outbreaks and HUS cases have been attributed to pork products. In swine, STEC strains are known to be associated with edema disease. Nevertheless, the relationship between STEC of swine origin and human illness has yet to be determined. This review critically summarizes epidemiologic and biological studies of swine STEC. Several epidemiologic studies conducted in multiple regions of the world have demonstrated that domestic swine can carry and shed STEC. Moreover, animal studies have demonstrated that swine are susceptible to STEC O157:H7 infection and can shed the bacterium for 2 months. A limited number of molecular epidemiologic studies, however, have provided conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between swine STEC and human illness. The role that swine play in STEC transmission to people and the contribution to human disease frequency requires further evaluation.
Fatty acid synthesis is inhibited by inefficient utilization of unusual fatty acids for glycerolipid assembly
Authors: Bates Philip D. , Johnson Sean R. , Cao Xia , Li Jia , Nam Jeong-Won , Jaworski Jan G. , Ohlrogge John B. , Browse John 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Many plants produce valuable fatty acids in seed oils that provide renewable alternatives to petrochemicals for production of lubricants, coatings, or polymers. However, most plants producing these unusual fatty acids are unsuitable as crops. Metabolic engineering of oilseed crops, or model species, to produce the high-value unusual fatty acids has produced only low yields of the desired products, and previous research has indicated fatty acid degradation as a potential major factor hindering oilseed engineering. By contrast, we here present evidence that inefficient utilization of unusual fatty acids within the endoplasmic reticulum can induce posttranslational inhibition of acetyl–CoA carboxylase activity in the plastid, thus inhibiting fatty acid synthesis and total oil accumulation.
Experiences in occupational therapy with Afghan clients in Australia
Authors: Maroney Pamela , Potter Marianne , Thacore Vinod Rai 
Published: January 2014

Background/aimWith a steady increase of refugees arriving in Australia from Afghanistan coupled with reports that prevalence of mental illness amongst Afghan refugees in South‐East Melbourne is particularly high, mental health providers will need to acquire cultural competence to provide effective treatment. There is a dearth of literature on the subject of rehabilitation of Afghan psychiatric clients in the Australian context, providing the impetus for this article. To illustrate the impact of Afghan socio‐cultural beliefs and attitudes on the implementation of occupational therapy and rehabilitation programmes in a mental health facility and adaptations to accommodate the needs of the clients and their families.MethodTwo case vignettes of Afghan clients are presented to illustrate the variance in goals and expectations of the clients and their families to that of the occupational therapy and rehabilitation programmes offered.ConclusionFamily expectations and involvement, culture‐specific factors and religion play significant roles in the presentation and treatment of clients from the Muslim culture and require modification in implementation of rehabilitation programmes. A need for developing family or community‐based services is proposed coupled with culturally responsive practices. Culture sensitive models of occupational therapy will need to be developed as younger generations of refugee families acculturate and need psychological help to deal with conflicts with parents and elders who hold values different from those adopted by their children born and brought up in the Australian socio‐cultural environment. These and other issues mentioned above provide fertile fields for research in this evolving area of occupational therapy.
Occupational performance and self‐determination: The role of the occupational therapist as volunteer in two mountain communities
Authors: Boyle Moira 
Published: January 2014

Background/aimOccupational therapists involved in volunteer programmes do so as either a volunteer or as a professional working with volunteers. This study outlines two such programmes: one in regional Queensland, with refugees settling into a life in Australia, and one in Bhutan, with an organisation assisting families of children with disabilities. In both instances, the author has been involved as a volunteer, drawing on her occupational therapy skills, the Person‐Environment‐Occupation Model and self‐determination theory as theoretical frameworks.MethodThis report offers an insight into two geographically and culturally different volunteer programmes, and outlines the potential for occupational therapists to be involved in cross‐cultural experiences, within Australia and abroad. In the Australian setting the author is working with newly arrived refugees from Africa, Iran and Iraq in a local community group the Toowoomba Refugee and Migrant Service. Within the Bhutanese setting the author is working with the Ability Bhutan Society, an organisation established by a group of local parents with the initial aim of sharing experiences and information relating to their children with disabilities.ResultsThe descriptions of each volunteering experience outline the opportunities for facilitating the development of independence, self‐determination and acquisition of new roles in two cross‐cultural communities by an occupational therapist working as a volunteer.ConclusionAn occupational therapist's ability to assess the interaction between a person or organisation's skills, the environment in which that person or organisation is functioning, and the desired occupational outcomes of that person or organisation, enables a unique and valuable contribution as a volunteer.