bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valaciclovir – An Improvement Over Aciclovir for the Treatment of Zoster
Authors: Murray A. B. 
Published: May 2015

Aciclovir, the first effective antiviral with an acceptable safety profile for the treatment of herpesvirus infections, has shown some limitation in clinical usefulness because of its low oral bioavailability. The search for an improved agent resulted in development of the L-valyl ester of aciclovir, valaciclovir. Valaciclovir has a much improved oral bioavailability and exhibits the same favourable toxicity profile as aciclovir. Following absorption, valaciclovir is rapidly and almost completely converted to aciclovir and the essential amino acid, L-valine. In man, the bioavailability of aciclovir following oral administration of valaciclovir is approximately 54%, compared to only 12-20% for oral aciclovir. A large multicentre study has compared the efficacy and safety of valaciclovir with aciclovir for the treatment of zoster, and has shown significantly improved clinical benefit for valaciclovir. In addition, by retaining the same mode of action and pre-clinical profile as aciclovir, and combined with a similar safety profile in humans, valaciclovir is set to become the new standard in the treatment and prevention of herpesvirus infections and diseases.
Victim—Offender Mediation and the Gatekeeping Role of Police
Authors: Prenzler Tim , Hayes Hennessey 
Published: May 2015

This paper reports on implications for the management of police discretion arising from a Victim—Offender pilot project in Queensland, Australia. The pilot was conducted with juvenile offenders and was highly successful on a range of key outcomes related to restorative justice. However, the project suffered from very low referrals from police, and there were no referrals from the courts, partly because of magistrates' deference to police decisions. As a consequence, many crime victims and young offenders and their caregivers had no opportunity to benefit from reparation. On this basis, a recommendation was made to curtail police discretion severely by building into the case disposition process mandatory consultation regarding mediation with all victims and offenders. This posed a direct challenge to the traditional wide discretionary powers held by police in their gatekeeping role. This research was commissioned by the Queensland Department of Justice. The views expressed are those of the authors, not necessarily those of the Department.
Disruptive Passengers at Manchester Airport: A Problem-Oriented Approach
Authors: Burgess Tim 
Published: May 2015

Disruptive passengers are a great danger to the safety of air travellers. The terms ‘air rage’ and 'sky rage’ are used by the media, around the world, to report a perception that there is an increasing number of disruptive incidents on board aircraft in flight. The Greater Manchester Police (GMP) at Manchester Airport began the process of using a problem-oriented approach and enlisted the assistance of many partners who could affect the problem and its resolution. The GMP believed it was possible to prevent incidents occurring if key service partners (a service partner includes anyone who delivers/provides a service to people using an airport) worked more closely together. The GMP began a wide-ranging strategy to provide better information; to provide a portfolio of preventative measures, and to develop strategies for enforcing the law. The GMP believe that the very small number of incidents which take place at Manchester Airport is due to the preventative measures which have been put in place.
Effectiveness and safety of nitrofurantoin in outpatient male veterans
Authors: Ingalsbe Michelle L. , Wojciechowski Amy L. , Smith Kelly A. , Mergenhagen Kari A. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess both the safety and the effectiveness of nitrofurantoin in male veterans treated for urinary tract infections (UTIs) with varying degrees of renal impairment in the outpatient setting. Nitrofurantoin is an important oral option for treating UTIs given increasing resistance to commonly used agents. Nitrofurantoin is currently contraindicated in patients with a creatinine clearance (CrCl) of < 60 ml/min, but the reason for this threshold has not been well documented. Methods: Data were collected through a retrospective chart review from January 2004 to July 2013 of men who had received nitrofurantoin. Bivariate analyses followed by multivariate analyses were performed between patients experiencing clinical cure and those who did not, to determine factors significantly impacting effectiveness. Results: The Gram stain of the organism causing the UTI and CrCl were significant factors impacting effectiveness. For every 1 ml/min increase in CrCl, the odds of clinical cure increased by 1.3%. Patients with Gram-negative UTIs predictably had 80% cure rates with CrCl around 60 ml/min. Patients with Gram-positive UTIs required higher CrCl, nearing 100 ml/min, to establish an 80% cure rate. Adverse effects did not vary with CrCl. Conclusions: The odds of clinical cure varied with CrCl and with the type of organism causing the UTI, while adverse events did not differ based on renal function. A minimum CrCl of 60 ml/min is suggested for men to achieve an 80% cure rate for UTIs with the most common urinary pathogens.
The effectiveness of the Push Brace™ orthosis and corticosteroid injection for managing first carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis: A factorial randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Peters Susan E , Jha Bhavana , Couzens Gregory B , Walsh Wilma , Lisle David , Ross Mark 
Published: May 2015

Introduction Various conservative treatments for first carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis have been reported. We aim to investigate the short-term effectiveness of conservative management interventions used to improve pain and function for adults with first carpometacarpal joint arthritis in a randomised controlled trial. Methods A pragmatic 2 × 2 factorial randomised controlled trial will be conducted. This randomised controlled trial will have one control group (hand therapy) and three intervention groups. Interventions will include Push Brace™ orthosis and hand therapy, ultrasound-guided intra-articular corticosteroid injection and hand therapy and a combination of all three interventions. A total of 276 participants will be recruited for the trial. The primary outcomes will be pain (reported using a Visual Analogue Scale) and function (using the Patient Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation). Secondary outcomes will include osteoarthritis specific function, pinch strength, global change and quality of life. Adverse events and complications will be reported. Outcomes assessments will be completed prior to the intervention and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post-intervention. The trial will be conducted at a private hand surgery clinic in Queensland, Australia. Conclusions Results from this trial will contribute to the evidence on conservative management of first carpometacarpal osteoarthritis.
Comparative analysis of mesenchymal stem cell and embryonic tendon progenitor cell response to embryonic tendon biochemical and mechanical factors
Authors: Brown Jeffrey P , Galassi Thomas V , Stoppato Matteo , Schiele Nathan R , Kuo Catherine K 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Advances in tendon engineering with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are hindered by a need for cues to direct tenogenesis, and markers to assess tenogenic state. We examined the effects of factors involved in embryonic tendon development on adult MSCs, and compared MSC responses to that of embryonic tendon progenitor cells (TPCs), a model system of tenogenically differentiating cells.

Methods
Murine MSCs and TPCs subjected to cyclic tensile loading, transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2), and fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF4) in vitro were assessed for proliferation and mRNA levels of scleraxis, TGFβ2, tenomodulin, collagen type I and elastin.

Results
Before treatment, scleraxis and elastin levels in MSCs were lower than in TPCs, while other tendon markers expressed at similar levels in MSCs as TPCs. TGFβ2 alone and combined with loading were tenogenic based on increased scleraxis levels in both MSCs and TPCs. Loading alone had minimal effect. FGF4 downregulated tendon marker levels in MSCs but not in TPCs. Select tendon markers were not consistently upregulated with scleraxis, demonstrating the importance of characterizing a profile of markers.

Conclusions
Similar responses as TPCs to specific treatments suggest MSCs have tenogenic potential. Potentially shared mechanisms of cell function between MSCs and TPCs should be investigated in longer term studies.
BioMAJ2Galaxy: automatic update of reference data in Galaxy using BioMAJ
Authors: Bretaudeau Anthony , Monjeaud Cyril , Le Bras Yvan , Legeai Fabrice , Collin Olivier 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background
Many bioinformatics tools use reference data, such as genome assemblies or sequence databanks. Galaxy offers multiple ways to give access to this data through its web interface. However, the process of adding new reference data was customarily manual and time consuming, even more so when this data needed to be indexed in a variety of formats (e.g. Blast, Bowtie, BWA, or 2bit).
BioMAJ is a widely used and stable software that is designed to automate the download and transformation of data from various sources. This data can be used directly from the command line, in more complex systems, such as Mobyle, or by using a REST API.

Findings
To ease the process of giving access to reference data in Galaxy, we have developed the BioMAJ2Galaxy module, which enables the gap between BioMAJ and Galaxy to be bridged. With this module, it is now possible to configure BioMAJ to automatically download some reference data, to then convert and/or index it in various formats, and then make this data available in a Galaxy server using data libraries or data managers.

Conclusions
The developments presented in this paper allow us to integrate the reference data in Galaxy in an automatic, reliable, and diskspace-saving way. The code is freely available on the GenOuest GitHub account (https://github.com/genouest/biomaj2galaxy).
Cramping an Alkyl Group by Rigid Macrocyclic Framework
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Oki Tomohiro , Inoue Masataka , Wakamatsu Kan , Iwanaga Tetsuo 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
An anthracene–acetylene cyclic dimer with an intra-annular ethyl group was synthesized as a sterically congested π-conjugated compound by cyclization with Sonogashira coupling. The ethyl group was conformationally cramped by the rigid macrocyclic framework because of the severe steric interactions, as revealed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculation.
Side effects and occlusion rate after tumescentless treatment of the great saphenous vein with EVLA
Authors: Schuller-Petrović S. , Schuller S. , Schuller-Lukić B. , Pavlović M. D. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryWe have performed a retrospective analysis of side-effect profile of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of great saphenous veins in patients operated on in general sedation or general/regional anesthesia with or without tumescence solution injection. The results confirmed our initial assumptions that omitting tumescence (and in addition, avoiding any external compression and cooling) may actually significantly reduce the incidence of moderate/severe postoperative pain and brusing without compromising closure rates. As these are probably caused by vessel wall perforations they seem to be more common in the tumescence cohort. The results are in line with recent basic research which showed that fiber tip centering may reduce perforations (easier to perform in vessels filled with blood), that blood itself does not either reduce or enhance laser‘s effect, and that various lasers over a wide range of wavelengths (from hemoglobin-absorbing to water-absorbing) have comparable clinical efficacy. Hence, omitting tumescence and external compression probably reduces the incidence of postoperative pain and brusing in patients treated with EVLA.
Active Nutrient acute and active for the prevention of calf muscle cramps
Authors: Kiesewetter H. 
Published: May 2015

ZusammenfassungHintergrund: Spontane, meist nächtliche Krämpfe der Muskulatur der Füße und Waden treten gelegentlich bis häufig bei ca. 40 % der Bevölkerung in Deutschland auf. Ursache sind meist lokale Durchblutungsstörungen als Folge einer Grunderkrankung, Trinkschwäche, Ernährungsstörungen, wie mangelnde Elektrolyt- oder Vitaminzufuhr.Eine abendliche Physiotherapie, wie Dehnungsübungen oder Anwendung eines Massagerollers zum Ausstreichen von Ödemen haben sich als wirksam erwiesen.Methode: Eine medikamentöse Prophylaxe, z. B. mit Chininsulfat, sollte nur dann zur Anwendung kommen, wenn alle anderen Maß-nahmen ausgeschöpft sind, im Übrigen sollte sorgfältig vorher das Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnis abgewogen werden, da es selten zu gefährlichen unerwünschten Reaktionen kommen kann. Neu ist der Ansatz, das Säure-Basen-Verhältnis zu beeinflussen, um einer Übersäuerung des Muskels vorzubeugen. 70 Probanden wurden in die Anwendungsbeobachtung eingeschlossen.Ergebnisse: Die ersten Ergebnisse veranlassen zu einer optimistischen Beurteilung, um über die Aufnahme von Citrat- und Carbonatsalzen sowie Vitamin-B-Krämpfen vorzubeugen.
The Ways to Create Geometric Patterns Automated Layout
Authors: Маркин  , Markin Leonid 
Published: May 2015

Improving the quality of products associated with
improving the quality of their design, which is achieved by using
modern information technologies. Considering the high density
layout of a modern transport technology, is an urgent development
of mathematical software and automated layout system. The basis
for the creation of mathematical development and software development
need the steps to geometric modeling as placed objects,
and the allocating process.
The article discusses the layout automation products with a
high density layout (especially means of transport). Since the problem
of accommodation is a classical geometrical problem, then it
is necessary to develop solutions appropriate geometric models.
The article describes the main types of geometric models describing
the shape of composable objects, their classification and application.
We describe an automated layout problem as a problem
of placement of a certain group of objects of specified sizes and
shapes in a confined space. The paper shows that with an abundance
of models used in modern applied geometry, allowing to describe
the geometric shape of objects of any complexity, their use in
computer-aided layout does not provide a solution to the problem
of automated layout. The article shows the possibilities of modern
software and reasons that do not allow its direct use in tasks of
automated layout. The mathematical formulation of the problem
as a layout optimization problem, indicating its objective function,
constraints and performance criteria. An approach (unit normal
equations), which allows the creation of geometric models of automated
layout, move from exhaustive search of accommodation
options composable objects to intelligent automated placement
algorithms.
Silver nanoparticles and their orthopaedic applications
Authors: Brennan S. A. , Ní Fhoghlú C. , Devitt B. M. , O’Mahony F. J. , Brabazon D. , Walsh A. 
Published: May 2015

Implant-associated infection is a major source of morbidity in orthopaedic surgery. There has been extensive research into the development of materials that prevent biofilm formation, and hence, reduce the risk of infection. Silver nanoparticle technology is receiving much interest in the field of orthopaedics for its antimicrobial properties, and the results of studies to date are encouraging. Antimicrobial effects have been seen when silver nanoparticles are used in trauma implants, tumour prostheses, bone cement, and also when combined with hydroxyapatite coatings. Although there are promising results with in vitro and in vivo studies, the number of clinical studies remains small. Future studies will be required to explore further the possible side effects associated with silver nanoparticles, to ensure their use in an effective and biocompatible manner. Here we present a review of the current literature relating to the production of nanosilver for medical use, and its orthopaedic applications.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:582–9.
A prospective comparative study of cementless total hip arthroplasty and hip resurfacing in patients under the age of 55 years
Authors: Haddad F. S. , Konan S. , Tahmassebi J. 
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ten-year clinical and functional outcome of hip resurfacing and to compare it with that of cementless hip arthroplasty in patients under the age of 55 years. Between 1999 and 2002, 80 patients were enrolled into the study: 24 were randomised (11 to hip resurfacing, 13 to total hip arthroplasty), 18 refused hip resurfacing and chose cementless total hip arthroplasty with a 32 mm bearing, and 38 insisted on resurfacing. The mean follow-up for all patients was 12.1 years (10 to 14). Patients were assessed clinically and radiologically at one year, five years and ten years. Outcome measures included EuroQol EQ5D, Oxford, Harris hip, University of California Los Angeles and University College Hospital functional scores. No differences were seen between the two groups in the Oxford or Harris hip scores or in the quality of life scores. Despite a similar aspiration to activity pre-operatively, a higher proportion of patients with a hip resurfacing were running and involved in sport and heavy manual labour after ten years. We found significantly higher function scores in patients who had undergone hip resurfacing than in those with a cementless hip arthroplasty at ten years. This suggests a functional advantage for hip resurfacing. There were no other attendant problems. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:617–22.
Sustained five-year benefit of autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis for femoral acetabular impingement-induced chondral lesions compared with microfracture treatment
Authors: Fontana A. , de Girolamo L. 
Published: May 2015

The repair of chondral lesions associated with femoroacetabular impingement requires specific treatment in addition to that of the impingement. In this single-centre retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of patients we compared treatment with microfracture (MFx) with a technique of enhanced microfracture autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC). Acetabular grade III and IV chondral lesions measuring between 2 cm2 and 8 cm2 in 147 patients were treated by MFx in 77 and AMIC in 70. The outcome was assessed using the modified Harris hip score at six months and one, two, three, four and five years post-operatively. The outcome in both groups was significantly improved at six months and one year post-operatively. During the subsequent four years the outcome in the MFx group slowly deteriorated, whereas that in the AMIC group remained stable. Six patients in the MFx group subsequently required total hip arthroplasty, compared with none in the AMIC group We conclude that the short-term clinical outcome improves in patients with acetabular chondral damage following both MFx and AMIC. However, the AMIC group had better and more durable improvement, particularly in patients with large (≥ 4 cm2) lesions. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:628–35.
Can local recurrence of a sacral chordoma be treated by further surgery?
Authors: Xie C. , Whalley N. , Adasonla K. , Grimer R. , Jeys L. 
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients with a sacral chordoma and the surgical management of locally recurrent disease. Between October 1990 and August 2013 we operated on 54 consecutive patients with a sacral chordoma. There were 34 men and 20 women with a mean age of 60 years (25 to 86). The mean maximum diameter of the tumour was 9.3 cm (3 to 20). The mean follow-up was 7.8 years (2 months to 23.4 years). The disease-specific survival was 82% at five years, 57% at ten years and 45% at 15 years. The local recurrence-free survival was 49% at five years, 37% at ten years and 20% at 15 years. Local recurrence occurred in 30 patients (56%) at a mean of 3.8 years (3 months to 13 years) post-operatively. Survival after the treatment of recurrence was 89% at two years, 56% at five years and 19% at ten years. Of nine patients who had complete resection of a recurrence, one died after 72 months and eight remain disease-free. Incomplete resection of recurrent disease resulted in a survival of 54% at two years and 36% at five years. For 12 patients with a local recurrence who were treated palliatively, survival was 81% at two years and 31% at five years. A wide margin of resection gave the best chance of long-term survival and complete resection of local recurrence the best chance of control of disease. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:711–15.
Unstable paediatric pelvic injuries
Authors: Kenawey M. , Krettek C. , Addosooki A. , Salama W. , Liodakis E. 
Published: May 2015

Unstable pelvic injuries in young children with an immature pelvis have different modes of failure from those in adolescents and adults. We describe the pathoanatomy of unstable pelvic injuries in these children, and the incidence of associated avulsion of the iliac apophysis and fracture of the ipsilateral fifth lumbar transverse process (L5-TP). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 33 children with Tile types B and C pelvic injuries admitted between 2007 and 2014; their mean age was 12.6 years (2 to 18) and 12 had an immature pelvis. Those with an immature pelvis commonly sustained symphyseal injuries anteriorly with diastasis, rather than the fractures of the pubic rami seen in adolescents. Posteriorly, transsacral fractures were more commonly encountered in mature children, whereas sacroiliac dislocations and fracture-dislocations were seen in both age groups. Avulsion of the iliac apophysis was identified in eight children, all of whom had an immature pelvis with an intact ipsilateral L5-TP. Young children with an immature pelvis are more susceptible to pubic symphysis and sacroiliac diastasis, whereas bony failures are more common in adolescents. Unstable pelvic injuries in young children are commonly associated with avulsion of the iliac apophysis, particularly with displaced SI joint dislocation and an intact ipsilateral L5-TP.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:696–704.
The prevalence of acetabular labral tears and associated pathology in a young asymptomatic population
Authors: Lee A. J. J. , Armour P. , Thind D. , Coates M. H. , Kang A. C. L. 
Published: May 2015

Acetabular labral tears and associated intra-articular pathology of the hip have been recognised as a source of symptoms. However, it is now appreciated that there is a relatively high prevalence of asymptomatic labral tears. In this study, 70 young asymptomatic adult volunteers with a mean age of 26 years (19 to 41) were recruited and underwent three tesla non-arthrographic MR scans. There were 47 women (67.1%) and 23 men (32.9%).Labral tears were found in 27 volunteers (38.6%); these were an isolated finding in 16 (22.9%) and were associated with other intra-articular pathology in the remaining 11 (15.7%) volunteers. Furthermore, five (7.1%) had intra-articular pathology without an associated labral tear.Given the high prevalence of labral pathology in the asymptomatic population, it is important to confirm that a patient's symptoms are due to the demonstrated abnormalities when considering surgery.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:623–7.