bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible CO2 Laser in the Head and Neck: Single Institution Outcomes for First 4 years
Authors: Lambert Aileen L. , Giddings Charles E. , Vaz Francis M. , O'Flynn Paul E. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Determine the surgical, oncological, and functional outcomes of patients treated with the flexible CO2 laser for head and neck lesions without robotic assistance.Methods:Retrospective case review of patients treated with the Omniguide® Flexible CO2 laser in the head and neck unit of a university teaching hospital.Results:21 patients underwent 24 procedures from January 2009 to January 2013. 15 procedures involved confirmed invasive carcinoma (T1 to T3). 5 patients underwent further surgery due to involved margins/early local recurrence. 6 month disease free survival was 77%. Other pathology included squamous papilloma, lymphoid hyperplasia, vascular lesions and severe dysplasia. Anatomic sites included larynx (n = 15), base of tongue (n = 8), and postnasal space (n = 1). One case required semi‐elective intraoperative tracheostomy, nasogastric tube and a 21 day stay. All other patients returned to oral intake prior to discharge (mean length of stay 1.5 days). No other airway complications were reported.Conclusions:Our experience using a CO2 phototonic bandgap laser fiber in head and neck disease without robotic assistance provides the first published oncological and functional outcomes for this new modality. Our data is representative of the diverse cases selected for this technique in our unit. Our 3 cases of T3 squamous cell carcinoma represent patients who declined laryngectomy. All other patients had anatomy which precluded accessing the lesions with a straight‐line CO2 laser. The cost per case is a significant factor (approximately GBP £500), but may be offset by reduced length of stay and improved morbidity compared with open resection.
Head and Neck Cancer Screenings in Suburban/Urban Populations in Michigan: Need for More Education
Authors: Ghanem Tamer A. H. , Jesse Michelle , Fei Naomi , Goldstein Eric , Rakitin Ilya , Shama Liat , Hall Francis 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:1) Assess self‐reported risk factors and knowledge gaps regarding head and neck cancer (HNC) risk factors in a multi‐ethnic urban versus suburban population. 2) Improve education regarding behavioral risk factors for HNC, including regarding the transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV).Methods:The current sample includes a total of 118 individuals who presented for free HNC screenings across urban and suburban sites. Ninety‐eight consented to complete behavioral risk questionnaires assessing for knowledge regarding HNC, ancestry, smoking/tobacco use, alcohol use, and sexual history.Results:Mean age was 56.63 years old (SD = 14.22, range 23 to 85), 60.2% female, predominantly African American (53.1%), Caucasian (42.7%), and other (4.1%). Those residing in an urban environment were more likely to be African American χ2(1, N = 98)=23.334, P < 0.001, have a history of treatment for some other cancer χ2(1, N=98)=6.063, P = 0.01, be a current smoker χ2(2, N=98)=5.885, P = 0.05, report more cumulative years consuming alcohol t(85)=2.050, P = 0.04, be willing to volunteer to promote awareness χ2(1, N=98)=4.866, P = 0.02, and feel the program increased their knowledge regarding HNC χ2(1, N=98)=4.726, P = 0.03, than those in a suburban environment.Conclusions:Free HNC screenings and related education are well received by a racially diverse urban population. HNC screenings should include evaluation of behavioral risk and specific knowledge associated with HNC.
HER2 and EGFR Gene Copy Number Alterations Are Predominant in High‐Grade Salivary Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Authors: Nakano Takafumi , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Hashimoto Kazuki , Yasumatsu Ryuji , Nakashima Torahiko , Oda Yoshinao , Komune Shizuo 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC).Methods:We investigated the MAML2 fusion status using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, and HER2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status using immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in‐situ hybridization in 31 cases.Results:MAML2 fusions were detected in 57.7% MECs analyzed, including 68.8% low‐grade, 50% intermediate‐grade and 33.3% high‐grade MECs. HER2 gene amplification was present in 14.3% MECs analyzed, including 25% intermediate‐grade and 42.9% high‐grade MECs. An increased EGFR gene copy number was detected in 14.3% MECs analyzed, and was correlated with both high tumor grade (P=0.0017) and worse outcome (P < 0.0001). Irrespective of MAML2 fusion status, all of 7 high‐grade MECs had an increased gene copy number of either HER2 or EGFR gene in a mutually exclusive manner, whereas such abnormalities were extremely rare in low‐ and intermediate‐grade MEC.Conclusions:These results suggest that HER2 or EGFR gene abnormality may play an important role in the development of high‐grade MEC, and also in the progression from MAML2 fusion‐positive low/intermediate‐grade to high‐grade in a subset of MEC. Furthermore, we suggest that high‐grade MEC consists of a heterogeneous group of tumors in terms of molecular pathogenesis in particular MAML2 fusion status.
High Risk HPV and Lymph Node Size in Single Node Metastasis of Oral Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Kim Sang‐Yeon , Joo Young‐Hoon , Kim Chung‐Soo , Nam In‐Chul , Cho Kwang‐Jae , Kim Min‐Sik 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:Examine the relationship between high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and lymph node size in patients with single node metastasis of oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma.Methods:The study included 48 subjects with squamous cell carcinoma,21 in the oral cavity and 27 in the oropharynx. High risk HPV in situ hybridization was performed to detect HPV infection. The pathologic N stages were 36 N1and 12 N2a.Results:The positive rate of high risk HPV in situ hybridization was 29% (14/48). There was a significant difference in the fraction positive high risk HPV between oral (9.5%) and oropharyngeal (44.4%) cancer (P = 0.008). The average diameter of positive lymph node was 20.7 ± 12.6 mm (range, 5‐54 mm). A significant positive correlation was found between high risk HPV status and lymph node size (P = 0.018). The mean lymph node diameter in cases with high risk HPV positive was 27.3 ± 13.1 mm, whereas in cases with high risk HPV negative was 18.0 ± 11.5 mm. Extracapsular spread was also significantly related to the lymph node size (P = 0.030). Patients with high risk HPV negativity (P = 0.043), advanced T stage (P = 0.009), or the presence of extracapsular spread (P = 0.038) had a significant adverse effect on 5‐year disease specific survival according to the Kaplan‐Meier survival curves.Conclusions:High risk HPV infection is significantly related to lymph node size in patients with single node metastasis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer.
HPV Status and TP53 Mutational Status as Prognostic Markers in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Tokumaru Yutaka 
Published: August 2013

Objectives:The mutation of TP53 is one of the most important genetic alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is detected in a subset of HNSCCs. Several retrospective studies have shown that HNSCCs patients without TP53 mutations and HPV positive patients have significantly improved survival compared to other patients. We analyzed the HPV status and the TP53 mutations in the HNSCCs and examined the association with prognosis.Methods:A total of 67 patients with newly diagnosed stage III and IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck which are all treated by chemoradiotherapy for organ preservation were enrolled in this study. TP53 mutations were analyzed using direct sequencing methods for exon 2 to 11. HPV detection and typing were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeted to the E6 and E7 regions of the viral genome. TP53 mutational status and HPV status were compared with clinical outcome.Results:The high‐risk HPV was detected in 11 cases (16.4%) which were all oropharyngeal cancers. In addition, TP 53 mutation was detected in 41 cases (61.2%). The overall survival was good in order of an HPV‐positive group, TP53 wild type group and TP53 mutant group. Multivariate analysis revealed not only the T stage but also that this genetic classification correlated significantly to overall survival in HNSCCs.Conclusions:TP53 mutational status and HPV status are associated with prognosis and these genetic statuses are considered to be useful as molecular biomarkers for personalized treatment in HNSCCs.
Ultrasound findings of subacute thyroiditis: a single institution retrospective review
Authors: Cappelli C , Pirola I , Gandossi E , Formenti AM , Agosti B , Castellano M 
Published: August 2013

Background High resolution ultrasonography features have also been described as having a useful supporting role in the diagnosis of subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (ST), and images are generally characterized by heterogeneous hypoechoic areas of the affected tissue with lack of flow on color Doppler US. Purpose To determine the sonographic features of subacute granulomatous thyroiditis. Material and Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients referred at the Endocrine and Metabolic Unit of our Institution between January 2010 and December 2011. Results A total of 7520 patients were evaluated in our department between January 2010 and December 2011. Among them, 22 (0.3%) patients had a diagnosis of ST (19 women and 3 men, 45.4 ± 9.7 year; range, 33–62 years). Ultrasound examination showed bilateral ST in 64% of patients. Thyroid volume was 13.2 ± 7.7 mL, without difference if ST was unilateral (13.2 ± 7.1 mL) or bilateral (13.9 ± 8.3 mL). On grayscale US, heterogeneous diffusely or focally marked hypoechoic areas, like “lava flow”, were found in all the lesions. Conclusion Our data confirm the high sensitivity of US in the diagnosis of ST: diffuse hypoechoic and confluent areas with the characteristic features like “lava flow”.
Dual-energy CT: clinical application in differentiating an adrenal adenoma from a metastasis
Authors: Shi Jiang Wei , Dai Hong Zhi , Shen Li , Xu Dong Feng 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundApplication of dual-energy CT in characterization of adrenal nodules has not been well evaluated.PurposeTo evaluate the ability of dual-energy CT scan to differentiate an adrenal adenoma from a metastasis.Material and MethodsFifty-five patients presenting 63 adrenal nodules underwent dual-energy CT scan at tube voltages of 80 kVp and 140 kVp. Mean attenuation values were measured for every nodule at 80/140 kVp and at 40/100 keV. Mean attenuation value changes between 140 kVp and 80 kVp (MAVC140–80kVp) and mean attenuation value changes between 100 keV and 40 keV (MAVC100–40keV) were calculated.ResultsOf the 63 adrenal nodules available for analyses, 42 nodules were classified as adenoma (26 lipid-rich and 16 lipid-poor) and 21 were classified as metastases. MAVC140–80kVpand MAVC100–40keVof all adenomas (including lipid-poor and lipid-rich) were significantly higher than metastases ( P < 0.001). According to receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, areas under the ROC curve of MAVC140–80kVpand MAVC100–40keVfor diagnosing adrenal adenomas were both of 0.964. When the cut-off points were set at 2.42 HU and 6.95 HU for MAVC140–80kVpand MAVC100–40keV, the two parameters both had a sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 100% in adenoma diagnosis.ConclusionUnique energy spectrum information provided by dual-energy CT scan displays a high capacity to distinguish adrenal adenoma from metastasis.
Genome-wide analysis of transcriptional regulators in human HSPCs reveals a densely interconnected network of coding and noncoding genes
Authors: Beck Dominik , Thoms Julie A. I. , Perera Dilmi , Schütte Judith , Unnikrishnan Ashwin , Knezevic Kathy , Kinston Sarah J. , Wilson Nicola K. , O’Brien Tracey A. , Göttgens Berthold , Wong Jason W. H. , Pimanda John E. 
Published: August 2013

Key Points
Genome-wide binding profiles of FLI1, ERG, GATA2, RUNX1, SCL, LMO2, and LYL1 in human HSPCs reveals patterns of combinatorial TF binding. Integrative analysis of transcription factor binding reveals a densely interconnected network of coding and noncoding genes in human HSPCs.
Targeting autophagy potentiates the apoptotic effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors in t(8;21) AML cells
Authors: Torgersen Maria Lyngaas , Engedal Nikolai , Bøe Stig-Ove , Hokland Peter , Simonsen Anne 
Published: August 2013

Key Points
In AML1-ETO–positive AML cells, HDAC inhibitors induce autophagy, which acts as a prosurvival signal to limit HDAC-induced cell death. In contrast to the fusion oncoproteins PML-RARA and breakpoint cluster region–abelson, AML1-ETO is not degraded by either basal- or drug-induced autophagy.
Continuous theta-burst stimulation modulates tactile synchronization
Authors: Lee Kevin GH , Jacobs Mark F , Asmussen Michael J , Zapallow Christopher M , Tommerdahl Mark , Nelson Aimee J 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Temporal order judgement (TOJ) is the ability to detect the order of occurrence of two sequentially delivered stimuli. Previous research has shown that TOJ in the presence of synchronized periodic conditioning stimuli impairs TOJ performance, and this phenomenon is suggested to be mediated by GABAergic interneurons that cause perceptual binding across the two skin sites. Application of continuous theta-burst repetitive TMS (cTBS) over primary somatosensory cortex (SI) alters temporal and spatial tactile perception. The purpose of this study was to examine TOJ perception in the presence and absence of synchronized periodic conditioning stimuli before and after cTBS applied over left-hemisphere SI. A TOJ task was administered on the right index and middle finger (D2 and D3) in two separate sessions in the presence and absence of conditioning stimuli (a background low amplitude sinusoidal vibration).

Results
CTBS reduced the impact of the conditioning stimuli on TOJ performance for up to 18 minutes following stimulation while sham cTBS did not affect TOJ performance. In contrast, the TOJ task performed in the absence of synchronized conditioning stimulation was unaltered following cTBS.

Conclusion
We conclude that cTBS suppresses inhibitory networks in SI that mediate perceptual binding during TOJ synchronization. CTBS offers one method to suppress cortical excitability in the cortex and potentially benefit clinical populations with altered inhibitory cortical circuits. Additionally, TOJ measures with conditioning stimuli may provide an avenue to assess sensory processing in neurologically impaired patient populations.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in type 2 diabetics: symptom load and pathophysiologic aspects - a retro-pro study
Authors: Promberger Regina , Lenglinger Johannes , Riedl Otto , Seebacher Gernot , Eilenberg Wolf Hans , Ott Johannes , Riegler Franz Martin , Gadenstätter Michael , Neumayer Christoph 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundInformation about gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) is scarce, although the incidence of both disorders is increasing.We aimed to determine GERD symptoms and their underlying pathophysiologic characteristics in T2D patients.MethodsThis “retro-pro” study compared 65 T2D patients to a control group of 130 age- and sex-matched non-diabetics. GERD was confirmed by gastroscopy, manometry, pH-metry and barium swallow.ResultsIn patients with T2D compared to controls, dysphagia (32.3% vs. 13.1%; p = 0.001) and globus sensation (27.7% vs. 13.8%; p = 0.021) were found more frequently, whereas heartburn (76.9% vs. 88.5%; p = 0.046) and regurgitation (47.7% vs. 72.3%; p = 0.001) were predominant in non-diabetics. Despite higher body mass indices (31.1 ± 5.2 vs. 27.7 ± 3.7 kg/m2; p < 0.001), hiatal hernia was less frequent in T2D patients compared to controls (60.0% vs. 90.8%, p < 0.001). Lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) pressure was higher in patients with T2D (median 10.0 vs. 7.2 mmHg, p = 0.016). DeMeester scores did not differ between the groups. Helicobacter pylori infections were more common in T2D patients (26.2% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.001). Barrett metaplasia (21.5% vs. 17.7%), as well as low- (10.8% vs. 3.8%) and high-grade dysplasia (1.5% vs. 0%) were predominant in T2D patients.ConclusionsT2D patients exhibit different GERD symptoms, higher LES pressures and a decreased prevalence of hiatal hernia than non-diabetics, which may be related to worse oesophageal motility and, thus, a more functional rather than anatomical cause of GERD. Low-grade dysplasia was more than twice as high in T2D than in non-diabetics patients.Trial registrationEthics committee of the Medical University of Vienna,IRBnumber720/2011.
Prediction of metachronous multiple primary cancers following the curative resection of gastric cancer
Authors: Kim Chan , Chon Hong Jae , Kang Beodeul , Kim Kiyeol , Jeung Hei-Cheul , Chung Hyun Cheol , Noh Sung Hoon , Rha Sun Young 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Due to improved survival rate, gastric cancer (GC) patients have an increased risk of developing multiple primary cancer (MPC). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathological features of MPC and to generate useful tools for the prediction of metachronous MPC following gastrectomy.

Methods
3066 patients who underwent curative resection of GC were reviewed retrospectively, based on the clinical information and the medical record.

Results
The 5-year incidence of MPC was 2.5%. Of these, 54.3% had a metachronous MPC, while 45.7% had a synchronous MPC. The most prevalent site of metachronous MPC was the colorectum (26.3%), followed by lung (23.7%) and liver (18.4%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that old age at the time of GC diagnosis (≥60 years), early stage of GC (stage I and II), and multiplicity of GC at the time of gastrectomy were independent predictive factors for metachronous MPC. GC patients with either metachronous or synchronous MPC showed poorer survival than patients without MPC. In addition, patients with a metachronous MPC showed late survival disadvantage, while patients with a synchronous MPC showed early survival disadvantage. Furthermore, we were able to develop and internally validate a nomogram to predict the metachronous MPC after curative gastrectomy (C-index = 0.72).

Conclusion
Patients at high risk of developing metachronous MPC after curative resection of GC were identified. Individual risk of developing metachronous MPC could be predicted by a novel nomogram. Further external validation with independent patient cohorts is required to improve the accuracy of prediction.
Is volunteering a public health intervention? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the health and survival of volunteers
Authors: Jenkinson Caroline E , Dickens Andy P , Jones Kerry , Thompson-Coon Jo , Taylor Rod S , Rogers Morwenna , Bambra Clare L , Lang Iain , Richards Suzanne H 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundVolunteering has been advocated by the United Nations, and American and European governments as a way to engage people in their local communities and improve social capital, with the potential for public health benefits such as improving wellbeing and decreasing health inequalities. Furthermore, the US Corporation for National and Community Service Strategic Plan for 2011–2015 focused on increasing the impact of national service on community needs, supporting volunteers’ wellbeing, and prioritising recruitment and engagement of underrepresented populations. The aims of this review were to examine the effect of formal volunteering on volunteers’ physical and mental health and survival, and to explore the influence of volunteering type and intensity on health outcomes.MethodsExperimental and cohort studies comparing the physical and mental health outcomes and mortality of a volunteering group to a non-volunteering group were identified from twelve electronic databases (Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, HMIC, SSCI, ASSIA, Social Care Online, Social Policy and Practice) and citation tracking in January 2013. No language, country or date restrictions were applied. Data synthesis was based on vote counting and random effects meta-analysis of mortality risk ratios.ResultsForty papers were selected: five randomised controlled trials (RCTs, seven papers); four non-RCTs; and 17 cohort studies (29 papers). Cohort studies showed volunteering had favourable effects on depression, life satisfaction, wellbeing but not on physical health. These findings were not confirmed by experimental studies. Meta-analysis of five cohort studies found volunteers to be at lower risk of mortality (risk ratio: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.90). There was insufficient evidence to demonstrate a consistent influence of volunteering type or intensity on outcomes.ConclusionObservational evidence suggested that volunteering may benefit mental health and survival although the causal mechanisms remain unclear. Consequently, there was limited robustly designed research to guide the development of volunteering as a public health promotion intervention. Future studies should explicitly map intervention design to clear health outcomes as well as use pragmatic RCT methodology to test effects.
Evaluating hormonal mechanisms of vitamin D receptor agonist therapy in diabetic kidney disease: the VALIDATE-D study
Authors: Brown Jenifer M , Secinaro Kristina , Williams Jonathan S , Vaidya Anand 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Insufficient vitamin D status and increased renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity have been associated with renal-vascular disease and nephropathy in diabetes. Accumulating evidence indicates that vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation lowers unfavorable RAS activity; however, more human intervention studies evaluating whether this mechanism could influence diabetic kidney disease are needed. We previously reported that both vitamin D levels and genetic variation at the VDR predict human RAS activity, and that vitamin D therapy can lower RAS activity in non-diabetics. The VALIDATE-D study is a randomized, placebo-controlled, intervention study designed to extend these findings by evaluating whether direct VDR activation in diabetes lowers circulating and local renal-vascular tissue RAS activity (Aims 1 and 2) in a manner similar to the action of ACE inhibitors (Aim 3).

Methods/Design
Forty subjects with type 2 diabetes, microalbuminuria, and without chronic kidney disease will be recruited to undergo detailed assessment of the RAS before and after randomization to calcitriol 0.75 mcg/day or placebo. Primary analyses will evaluate whether calcitriol therapy reduces circulating and renal-vascular tissue-RAS activity in comparison to placebo. All subjects will thereafter be treated with lisinopril and followed for 3.5 months to evaluate whether combination therapy (calcitriol + lisinopril vs. placebo + lisinopril) additively or synergistically improves renal-vascular function, and lowers proteinuria.

Discussion
The VALIDATE-D study is the first human intervention study to evaluate whether direct VDR activation can lower the human RAS in diabetes, compared to the effect of an ACE inhibitor, and whether this mechanism can translate to clinically relevant endpoints for diabetic kidney disease. The outcomes of VALIDATE-D will have major implications for the recommendation of vitamin D supplementation for the primary prevention of kidney complications in diabetes.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01635062