bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The proteasome cap RPT5/Rpt5p subunit prevents aggregation of unfolded ricin A chain
Authors: Pietroni Paola , Vasisht Nishi , Cook Jonathan P. , Roberts David M. , Lord J. Michael , Hartmann-Petersen Rasmus , Roberts Lynne M. , Spooner Robert A. 
Published: April 2013

The plant cytotoxin ricin enters mammalian cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis, undergoing retrograde transport to the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) where its catalytic A chain (RTA) is reductively separated from the holotoxin to enter the cytosol and inactivate ribosomes. The currently accepted model is that the bulk of ER-dislocated RTA is degraded by proteasomes. We show in the present study that the proteasome has a more complex role in ricin intoxication than previously recognized, that the previously reported increase in sensitivity of mammalian cells to ricin in the presence of proteasome inhibitors simply reflects toxicity of the inhibitors themselves, and that RTA is a very poor substrate for proteasomal degradation. Denatured RTA and casein compete for a binding site on the regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome, but their fates differ. Casein is degraded, but the mammalian 26S proteasome AAA (ATPase associated with various cellular activities)-ATPase subunit RPT5 acts as a chaperone that prevents aggregation of denatured RTA and stimulates recovery of catalytic RTA activity in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo, the ATPase activity of Rpt5p is required for maximal toxicity of RTA dislocated from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER. The results of the present study implicate RPT5/Rpt5p in the triage of substrates in which either activation (folding) or inactivation (degradation) pathways may be initiated.
A Systems Approach to Training Potential Communication Partners of People With Aphasia
Authors: Simmons-Mackie Nina 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Experts have recommended communication partner training as an effective method of improving skills of communication partners and supporting communication of people with aphasia (Simmons-Mackie, Raymer, Armstrong, Holland & Cherney, 2010). Such training involves learning about aphasia, types of communication supports (e.g., low-tech, high-tech), and strategies for facilitating communication. Although much of this literature addresses the training of regular, familiar partners, there is evidence that “potential” communication partners can be trained to support communication with unfamiliar people with aphasia (e.g., training health care providers to communicate with patients with aphasia). However, direct training sessions with potential partners does not ensure that partners will implement these support practices in day-to-day activities in organizations such as those associated with health care, government, or business. Rather, experts must take a systems approach if communication support is to be supported by and included in organizational policy and practice. In this article, I describe a systems approach to implementing evidence-based practices in organizations.
Enhanced Milieu Teaching: Incorporating AAC Into Naturalistic Teaching With Young Children and Their Partners
Authors: Kaiser Ann , Wright Courtney 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT) is an evidence-based naturalistic intervention strategy that teaches functional communication and language skills in everyday interactions with partners. In this manuscript, we describe the key communication support strategies used in EMT and how individuals can use these strategies with augmentative and alternative communication systems. We also present strategies for teaching partners to use EMT with AAC in interactions with young children.
In Vivo Packaging of Triacylglycerols Enhances Arabidopsis Leaf Biomass and Energy Density
Authors: Winichayakul Somrutai , Scott Richard William , Roldan Marissa , Hatier Jean-Hugues Bertrand , Livingston Sam , Cookson Ruth , Curran Amy Christina , Roberts Nicholas John 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Our dependency on reduced carbon for energy has led to a rapid increase in the search for sustainable alternatives and a call to focus on energy densification and increasing biomass yields. In this study, we generated a uniquely stabilized plant structural protein (cysteine [Cys]-oleosin) that encapsulates triacylglycerol (TAG). When coexpressed with diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT1) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we observed a 24% increase in the carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation rate per unit of leaf area and a 50% increase in leaf biomass as well as approximately 2-, 3-, and 5-fold increases in the fatty acid content of the mature leaves, senescing leaves, and roots, respectively. We propose that the coexpression led to the formation of enduring lipid droplets that prevented the futile cycle of TAG biosynthesis/lipolysis and instead created a sustained demand for de novo lipid biosynthesis, which in turn elevated CO2 recycling in the chloroplast. Fatty acid profile analysis indicated that the formation of TAG involved acyl cycling in Arabidopsis leaves and roots. We also demonstrate that the combination of Cys-oleosin and DGAT1 resulted in the highest accumulation of fatty acids in the model single-cell eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our results support the notion that the prevention of lipolysis is vital to enabling TAG accumulation in vegetative tissues and confirm the earlier speculation that elevating fatty acid biosynthesis in the leaf would lead to an increase in CO2 assimilation. The Cys-oleosins have applications in biofuels, animal feed, and human nutrition as well as in providing a tool for investigating fatty acid biosynthesis and catabolism.
Preparedness of schools in the Province of Jeddah to deal with earthquakes risks
Authors: Momani Naill M. , Salmi Asad 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to measure the willingness of general education schools (governmental and private) in the Mecca region to deal with the threat of earthquakes through the identification of the preparedness of school buildings, the differences in the willingness of schools, and examine the relationship between the exposure to previous crises and readiness for future crises.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a survey method to explore and determine the readiness range of schools by distributing a questionnaire to school principals. The questionnaire measures the readiness range of the institutions to counter earthquake threat through six main fields which were developed based on Federal Emergency Management Agency Resources (www.fema.gov) and were used in developing an earthquake consequences model (Al Momani), namely: previous emergencies measures, previous earthquake experience measures, earthquake mitigation measures, earthquake preparedness measures, earthquake response measures and earthquake recovery measures.FindingsIt is apparent that schools are not prepared to deal with future earthquakes regardless of their types (public vs private) and levels (primary, elementary, secondary) which require establishing a department for disaster and crisis management within the public administration of Education headed by a specialist in disasters and crises management to make sure that current school campus, under construction campus, or leased buildings be prepared to deal with disasters and crises as they occur in non‐hazardous locations, compatible with building codes, and equipped with safety means. It is important to prepare a public emergency plan for disasters and crises and to train school administrators and teachers to prepare contingency plans for disaster management in school. Finally, there is a need to prepare disasters awareness programs benefiting from public and private media, internet, and workshops through utilizing experiences of other developed countries in disasters and crises management especially for schools.Originality/valueThis research could be used to augment the need of developing education system preparedness in Jeddah Province through implementing effective mitigation, preparedness, and response, as well as recovery options.
Damages to school infrastructure and development to disaster prevention education strategy after Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chien‐Yuan , Lee Wen‐Cheng 
Published: April 2013

PurposeAs a result of awareness of the increasing school accidents in recent years and severe damage to school infrastructure by Typhoon Morakot, this paper seeks to discuss the current natural disaster prevention education strategy in Taiwan and investigates the seriously damaged schools from Typhoon Morakot.Design/methodology/approachMethods of analysis used in this paper include aerial photo interpretation of landslides and debris flows with the aid of field investigation and spatial rainfall distribution by GIS analysis. Additionally, the reasons attributed to the schools’ damages and disaster prevention education strategies in schools after Morakot are discussed.FindingsAfter an overall review of the current disaster prevention education programs, the following items are to be stressed in disaster prevention education as a result of studying the effects of Typhoon Morakot: integration of disaster prevention education into formal school curricula; teacher training for campus disaster prevention education; development of a coalition of campus and community‐based disaster management; and study of the impact of climate change and school vulnerability. School infrastructure safety evaluation and risk assessment, education materials and design activities for psychological recovery after disasters, and the connection of school safety management and community‐based disaster prevention are deemed urgent after Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan.Originality/valueThe current achievements of disaster prevention education in Taiwan include the development of operation and support mechanisms, curricula development and experimental schools selection, development of teacher training program, the popularization of disaster prevention education, the development and use of learning materials, and the determination of an effective assessment mechanism. It is expected that disaster prevention education will become part of the formal school curricula. School safety and vulnerability assessments as a result of climate change and student psychological recovery following disasters are urgent lessons to be implemented after learning from the results of Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan.
Institutional perception and support in emergency management in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Nirupama Niru , Etkin David 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe present study seeks to explore the minds and thoughts of emergency management professionals in Ontario in order to better understand the institution, and engage them in a renewed dialogue with communities, academia and other stakeholders. The intention is to strengthen the institution of emergency management, which is the foundation of disaster mitigation.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on interviews conducted with emergency management professionals from the public, private and non‐governmental organization (NGO) sectors in the Province of Ontario, Canada. The questions were a combination of structured and open‐ended questions to elicit rich details on emergency management professionals’ views. Analysis of interview transcriptions highlighted the attitudes and perceptions of the interviewees with respect to themselves, their own organizations, their role in emergency management, and their jurisdictions. The study also provided an opportunity for respondents to provide examples or comments to illustrate their responses. A total of 43 interviews have been analyzed for this paper.FindingsThe research objective of enhancing the understanding of the institution of emergency management through the minds of emergency management professionals in Ontario has been successfully achieved. It is clear that emergency managers and other professionals engaged in consulting, response and humanitarian assistance activities realize their role and responsibilities quite well. The majority of participants felt that politics and a lack of understanding of one anothers’ roles often limit progress. A clear consensus regarding engaging community players in the development of mitigation strategies and resource allocation emerged in this study.Originality/valueThe research conducted is the first of its kind in the province of Ontario in Canada. With the help of personal interviews and survey questionnaire, a better understanding of the emergency management institution and professionals working in this field could be realized.
Tracking a moving target of migration: island perspectives
Authors: Kelman Ilan , Khan Shabana 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore aspects of migration from islands in the context of disasters including climate change.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a conceptual exploration reviewing strengths and limitations of key literature.FindingsThe paper finds that not much work goes into sufficient depth to understand the topic properly. It suggests that truisms should be admitted and the many factors influencing migration should be fully investigated.Originality/valueThe paper examines migration topics from an island perspective.
Improving simulation exercises in Korea for disaster preparedness
Authors: Kim Hakkyong 
Published: April 2013

Purpose– The main purpose of this paper is to explore the current practices of simulation exercises in Korea and to make desirable recommendations for the future of Korean simulations to increase their learning effectiveness.Design/methodology/approach– This paper employs a case study strategy, and the data collection methods include documentary research, qualitative interviews, and participation observation. Three representative simulation exercises were observed: the Keungogae Subway Counter Terrorism Exercise 2009, the Safe Korea 2010 Earthquake Exercise, and the Safe Korea 2010 Subway Fire Exercise.Findings– The current practices of simulation exercises in Korea can be categorised into four main themes: top-level commitment and support; repeating training through rehearsals; box seats, ill-structured scenario scripts, and a lack of adaptation; and podium and speech-based debriefing.Practical implications– Korean simulation exercises need to allow adaptation and diversion to take place, encouraging communication and discussion between exercise players. Furthermore, ensuing after-action reviews (debriefs) should be a discussion-orientated rather than evaluation-orientated to promote individual and organisational learning. The empirical findings and resulting recommendations of this paper can help Korean exercise planners to change their current flawed practices into evidence-based ones, setting a new direction for an effective simulation exercise model.Originality/value– This study is the first empirical research to investigate simulation exercises in Korea and to highlight their problems.
Some realities of resilience: a case-study of Wittenberge
Authors: Lewis James 
Published: April 2013

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to explore community resilience during the short-term stages of recovery of Wittenberge in 1945, surrender in the final months of the Second World War and the commencement for the town of Soviet administration; with comments on longer-term contexts of continued resilience and recovery to the present day. The paper examines origins and current use of the term “resilience” for comparison with its realities that are identified.

Design/methodology/approach
– Translated extracts of a chronology of events in Wittenberge during 1945 (Muchow) are the basis of an exploration of social impacts for a town in wartime of exhaustion, defeat, surrender, political change and impoverishment.

Findings
– Current interpretations of social resilience frequently do not match its reality, largely due to overuse of the word. Resilience is conditioned by circumstances that cannot be assumed, sudden change here being part of the war experience, not a consequence.

Research limitations/implications
– Whereas other research (e.g. Hewitt) has considered the social impact of mass bombing during the second World War, this paper takes the example of a single town in an exposed geographical situation which is described.

Originality/value
– Whereas Second World War military history continues to be repeatedly re-examined, its social impacts are comparatively understated. This paper offers a rare example in English of the experience of a small town in Germany in 1945.
Ethnic differences in perceptions of social responsibility
Authors: Mullins Aaron , Soetanto Robby 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate ethnic differences in perceptions of social responsibility, in relation to flooding, for householders, local businesses and policy makers.Design/methodology/approachThe data were obtained via a questionnaire survey of three communities in Birmingham and one community in South East London, UK. A total of 481 responses were received and used in the statistical analysis. The interpretation of the findings was aided by cognitive mapping to synthesise the data transcripts from 174 responses to the open‐ended questions. Comparisons were made between communities in different locations and with different experience of flooding.FindingsEthnic differences consistently exist within the perceptions of householder and business groups within communities (in different locations) which have recent experience of flooding, but not in the policy maker group or in a community without recent flood experience. The finding also suggests three different levels of resilience and their association with different ethnic groups.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should conduct further analysis with equal ethnic representation throughout each community group so that more ethnic groups can be investigated and compared. For a more comprehensive understanding, further investigation should be conducted across different communities in different countries with different environmental hazards.Practical implicationsThe findings contribute to the understanding of the influence of demographic factors in disaster management field, and can provide useful knowledge for targeted and tailored strategies of communication of flood information.Originality/valueThe research represents the first attempt to investigate ethnic differences in perceptions of social responsibility of householders, small businesses and policy makers for the community resilience to flooding.
Resource challenges for housing reconstruction:
Authors: Chang‐Richards Yan , Wilkinson Suzanne , Potangaroa Regan , Seville Erica 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify resourcing challenges that face housing rebuild following the 2009 Victorian “Black Saturday” bushfires in Australia and to examine the impacts of resource shortages on longer term community recovery.Design/methodology/approachThe research methodology included a longitudinal study which consists of a questionnaire survey, field‐based interviews and observations to track trends evident in the survey.FindingsA total of 28 months after the bushfires, reconstruction in the worst‐affected area, the Shire of Murrindindi, was proceeding slowly despite the institutions and procedures set up for recovery. This slow reconstruction was due to the unavailability of building resources. Changed Building Standards, increased building markets outside the bushfire zone, lack of economic incentives, combined with home owners’ socio‐economic vulnerabilities, created a chain of impacts on households’ ability to get resources.Research limitations/implicationsThe evidence in this paper points to emergent resource issues that impeded recovery progress in the bushfire zone. These issues primarily come from technical decisions on building controls, economic conditions, and risk perceptions of construction professionals. Findings from this longitudinal study will inform the recovery planning of government agencies in future events.Originality/valueThis paper makes the case for a new approach to looking at resourcing problems following a major disaster. This study demonstrates that recovery planning needs to include a resource perspective which explains both impacts of recovery polices on resource availability and impacts of resourcing dynamics on the wider recovery environment.
Brand mergers: examining consumers' responses to name and logo design
Authors: César Machado Joana , Vacas‐de‐Carvalho Leonor , Costa Patrício , Lencastre Paulo 
Published: April 2013

PurposeIn the context of a merger, the management of corporate identity – in particular of corporate names and logos – assumes a critical role. This paper aims to explore how name and logo design characteristics, and specifically figurativeness, influence consumer preferences in the context of a brand merger, in the banking sector.Design/methodology/approachThis study develops a typology of the alternative corporate identity structures that may be assumed in the context of a brand merger by drawing on a literature review and secondary data, as well as an exploratory study analyzing consumers' preferences regarding alternative branding strategies.FindingsThe results suggest that there is a clear preference for figurative logos. Furthermore, there is evidence that logos may be as important as the company name in a merger situation, in terms of assuring consumers that there remains a connection to the brand's past. The data show that the logo chosen by consumers reflects their aesthetic responses, whereas the selected name reflects their evaluation of the brand's offers or its presence in the market.Originality/valueThe paper uses an innovative research design which gives respondents freedom to choose their preferred solution; hence, the richness of the results is enhanced. The results should guide managers in their evaluation and choices regarding post‐merger branding strategies.
Private label brands: measuring equity across consumer segments
Authors: Cuneo Andres , Lopez Pilar , Jesus Yague Maria 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to provide evidence that private label brands (PLB) have the ability to build brand equity as they develop, and to determine whether the capitalization of PLB equity varies across consumer segments and product categories. The paper builds on previous research incorporating consumer‐level factors, showing their relevance as key determinants of PLB choice.Design/methodology/approachThe brand choice model used is a multinomial logit model (MNL) calibrated with a consumer panel database of two product lines of yoghurt from 8,000 Spanish households for a three‐year period.FindingsIt is shown that PLB have been able to build brand equity throughout their development, across product categories; however, brand equity is capitalized across only some consumer segments. The use of consumer‐level factors to segment the market prior to measuring brand equity is necessary to allow the identification of consumer groups where equity is created.Practical implicationsFindings provide key directions to PLB managers regarding how to determine, approach and leverage the equity of their PLB across different consumer segments and product categories.Originality/valuePrior research has attempted to measure PLB equity using product/brand factors and market factors, but without considering consumer‐level factors. In this research, consumer‐level factors, specifically consumer demographics, are incorporated into the analysis, and equity is measured across seven different consumer segments for two product lines.