bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal variations in ecosystem response to monsoon precipitation variability in southwestern North America
Authors: Forzieri Giovanni , Feyen Luc , Cescatti Alessandro , Vivoni Enrique R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDue to its marked vegetation phenology and precipitation gradients, the North American Monsoon Region (NAMR) is a useful domain for studying ecosystem responses to climate variability and change. To this end, we analyze long‐term dynamics (1982–2004) in monsoon precipitation (Pr), time‐integrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (TINDVI) used as proxy of net primary productivity, and rain‐use efficiency (RUE). The analysis focuses on six ecoregions, spanning from desert environments to tropical dry forests, to investigate (1) how net primary productivity and rain‐use efficiency vary along a precipitation gradient, (2) if interannual variability in net primary productivity is linked to the interannual variability in precipitation, and (3) if there is evidence of a long‐term signal imposed on the interannual variability in rain‐use efficiency. Variations in TINDVI and RUE with Pr along the NAMR precipitation gradient differ among ecoregions exhibiting intensive or extensive water use strategies. We explain the nonlinear behaviors along the precipitation gradient as resulting from different physiological responses to climatological means and the impact of topographic effects. Statistical analysis indicates that the interannual variability in vegetation response is significantly related to the interannual variability in Pr, but their correlation declines with time. A long‐term positive signal in RUE imposed on its interannual variability is identified and results from a constant TINDVI under negative long‐term trends of Pr. This important finding suggests the combined long‐term effects of ecosystem acclimation to reduced water availability and increasing CO2 concentration across the varied ecosystems of the North American Monsoon Region.
The Chemistry of Gold Fluoride Complexes
Authors: Wolf William J. , Dean Toste F. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

The gold‐fluorine bond represents a rare class of chemical bond, with only a handful of notable examples having been prepared and characterized. The extreme reactivity of the homoleptic gold fluorides AuF, AuF
3
, and AuF
5
makes these compounds difficult to prepare and has limited their applications beyond fundamental study. However, the inherent reactivity of the gold fluoride bond can be harnessed by using ancillary ligands to support the metal center. Heteroleptic gold fluorides containing both Au(I) or Au(III) centers have been prepared and have found applications in catalysis, where the gold‐fluoride bond is implicated as a key reactive moiety. The present review summarizes the preparation of both homo‐ and heteroleptic gold fluoride complexes and the development of catalytic transformations involving gold‐fluoride bonds.
The chemistry of nitroso oxides
Authors: Chainikova Ekaterina M. , Khursan Sergey L. , Safiullin Rustam L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNitroso oxides (RNOO) are the isoelectronic analogs of carbonyl oxides (R2COO) and ozone (O3) and, as well as these species, possess a three‐centered 4π‐electron system, which determines their chemical properties and reactivity unusual for a family of peroxides. The review is focused on the chemistry of the parent nitroso oxide (HNOO) and its aromatic analogs (ArNOO). The structure, spectral properties, methods for generation, reactivity and mechanisms of various transformations of these species both in the gas and condensed media are discussed in detail. An aromatic substituent significantly stabilizes the π‐system of nitroso oxide. The typical reactions of nitroso oxides are O‐transfer to an appropriate substrate or [3+2]‐cycloaddition to unsaturated bonds. Special attention was paid to the redox isomerization of arylnitroso oxides with ring cleavage that leads to the formation of diene nitrile oxides.
Voice and Culture: A Prospect Theory Approach
Authors: Paddock E. Layne , Ko Jaewon , Cropanzano Russell , Bagger Jessica , El Akremi Assâad , Camerman Julie , Greguras Gary J. , Mladinic Antonio , Moliner Carolina , Nam Kidok , Törnblom Kjell , Van den Bos Kees 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe present study examines the congruence of individuals' minimum preferred amounts of voice with the prospect theory value function across nine countries. Accounting for previously ignored minimum preferred amounts of voice and actual voice amounts integral to testing the steepness of gain and loss functions explicated in prospect theory, we use curve fitting to show that ratings of procedural justice fit prospect theory's value function specifically. Further, we investigate the form of this function across nine countries that range in power distance. Results suggest that the form of the value function is congruent with prospect theory, showing an S‐shaped curve that is steeper in the loss than in the gain domain. Further, this pattern is similar across countries. Theoretical and practical implications of these results for both decision making and organizational justice are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HDL3 stimulates paraoxonase 1 antiatherogenic catalytic and biological activities in a macrophage model system: In vivo and in vitro studies
Authors: Rosenblat Mira , Volkova Nina , Aviram Michael 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe analyzed in‐vivo and in‐vitro high density lipoprotein (HDL) effects on paraoxonase 1 (PON1) antiatherogenic properties in serum and in macrophages. Intraperitoneal injection to C57BL/6 mice of recombinant PON1 (rePON1) + HDL, in comparison to HDL or to rePON1 alone, significantly increased serum PON1 arylesterase activity (by 20%), and serum‐mediated cholesterol efflux from J774A.1 macrophages (by 18%). Similarly, in peritoneal macrophages (MPM) harvested from mice injected with HDL + rePON1 versus rePON1 alone, we observed reduction in oxidative stress (by 11%), increase in cellular PON1 activity (by 14%) and in HDL‐mediated cholesterol efflux (by 38%). Incubation of serum or HDL with rePON1, substantially increased PON1 arylesterase activity, two‐fold more than the expected additive values. HDL2 and HDL3 increased PON1 activity by 199% or 274%, respectively. Macrophage (J774A.1) cholesterol efflux rate significantly increased by HDL3 + rePON1 versus HDL3 alone (by 19%), but not by HDL2 + rePON1 versus HDL2 alone. Oxidation of HDL3 reduced its ability to induce macrophage cholesterol efflux, and abolished HDL3 stimulatory effects on rePON1. Addition of exogenous polyphenol quercetin (60 µM), but not phosphatidylcholine or apolipoprotein A1, to HDL + rePON1 increased PON1 activity (by 404%), increased the ability to reduce oxidative stress in J774A.1 macrophages (by 53%) and to stimulate macrophage cholesterol efflux (by 14%). Upon adding the hypocholesterolemic drug simvastatin (15 µg/mL) to HDL + rePON1, PON1 activity and the ability to induce macrophage cholesterol efflux increased, in comparison to HDL + rePON1. We thus concluded that HDL (mostly HDL3), stimulates PON1 antiatherogenic activities in macrophages, and these PON1 activities were further stimulated by quercetin, or by simvastatin. © 2014 BioFactors, 40(5):536–545, 2014
Conformational Flexibility in the Binding Surface of the Potassium Channel Blocker ShK
Authors: Sher Inbal , Chang Shih Chieh , Li Ying , Chhabra Sandeep , Palmer Arthur G. , Norton Raymond S. , Chill Jordan H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractShK is a 35‐residue peptide that binds with high affinity to human voltage‐gated potassium channels through a conserved K‐Y dyad. Here we have employed NMR measurements of backbone‐amide 15N spin‐relaxation rates to investigate motions of the ShK backbone. Although ShK is rigid on the ps to ns timescale, increased linewidths observed for 11 backbone‐amide 15N resonances identify chemical or conformational exchange contributions to the spin relaxation. Relaxation dispersion profiles indicate that exchange between major and minor conformers occurs on the sub‐millisecond timescale. Affected residues are mostly clustered around the central helix‐kink‐helix structure and the critical K22–Y23 motif. We suggest that the less structured minor conformer increases the exposure of Y23, known to contribute to binding affinity and selectivity, thereby facilitating its interaction with potassium channels. These findings have potential implications for the design of new channel blockers based on ShK.
Unusually Broad Substrate Profile of Self‐Sufficient Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase CYP116B4 from Labrenzia aggregata
Authors: Yin Yue‐Cai , Yu Hui‐Lei , Luan Zheng‐Jiao , Li Ren‐Jie , Ouyang Peng‐Fei , Liu Jing , Xu Jian‐He 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA new member of the CYP116B subfamily—P450LaMO—was discovered in Labrenzia aggregata by genomic data mining. It was successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and subsequently characterized spectroscopically, and its catalytic properties were assessed. Substrate profiling of the P450LaMO revealed that it was a versatile catalyst, exhibiting hydroxylation and epoxidation activities as well as O‐dealkylation and asymmetric sulfoxidation activities. Diverse compounds, including alkylbenzenes, aromatic bicyclic molecules, and terpenoids, were shown to be hydroxylated by P450LaMO. Such diverse catalytic activities are uncommon for the bacterial P450s, and the P450LaMO ‐mediated stereoselective hydroxylation of inactivated CH bonds—ubiquitous and relatively unreactive in organic molecules—is particularly unusual. The self‐sufficient nature of P450LaMO, coupled with its broad substrate range, highlights it as an ideal template for directed evolution towards various applications.
Retinoic acid can induce mouse embryonic stem cell R1/E to differentiate toward female germ cells while oleanolic acid can induce R1/E to differentiate toward both types of germ cells
Authors: Wan Qian , Lu Hua , Wu Lin‐Tao , Liu Xia , Xiang Jun‐Bei 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) and oleanolic acid (OA) were studied about their potential to induce mouse embryonic stem cell R1/E (MESC‐R1/E) to differentiate toward germ cells. Embryoid bodies (EBs) first formed from MESC‐R1/E and EBs were allowed to attach to the bottoms of normal cell‐culturing plate and grow. Then, different compounds including RA, OA and so on were respectively added to induce MESC‐R1/E to differentiate. After 72 h, microscopy images were taken for all interventions, then total RNAs were extracted, cDNAs were synthesized and real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to detect the transcriptional expression patterns of 11 reproductive‐differentiation‐related genes for different compounds respectively. During the data analysis, it was found RA significantly up‐regulated the expression levels of GDF‐9, Stra8, SCP3, Mvh, ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3, while significantly down‐regulated the levels of Itag6 and Itgb1, and the level of Oct‐4 was down‐regulated insignificantly, while the level of TP2 was up‐regulated insignificantly; OA significantly up‐regulated the expression levels of Stra8, SCP3, Mvh, ZP1, ZP2, Itgb1, and TP2, and the levels of Oct‐4, GDF‐9, ZP3, and Itga6 were up‐regulated insignificantly. The data showed that RA can induce MESC‐R1/E to differentiate toward female germ cells while OA can induce MESC‐R1/E to differentiate toward male and female germ cells.
Recombinant arginine‐degrading enzymes in metabolic anticancer therapy and bioanalytics
Authors: Stasyk Oleh V. , Boretsky Yuriy R. , Gonchar Mykhailo V. , Sibirny Andriy A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTumor cells often exhibit specific metabolic defects due to the aberrations in oncogene‐dependent regulatory and/or signaling pathways that distinguish them from normal cells. Among others, many malignant cells are deficient in biosynthesis of certain amino acids and concomitantly exhibit elevated sensitivity to deprivation of these amino acids. Although the underlying causes of such metabolic changes are still not fully understood, this feature of malignant cells is exploited in metabolic enzymotherapies based on single amino acid, e.g., arginine, deprivation. To achieve efficient arginine depletion in vivo, two recombinant enzymes, bacterial arginine deiminase and human arginase I have been evaluated and are undergoing further development. This review is aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the application of arginine‐degrading enzymes as anticancer agents and as bioanalytical tools for arginine assays. The problems that have to be solved to optimize this therapy for clinical application are discussed.
Tuning the Selectivity in the Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones Catalyzed by Similar Ruthenium and Rhodium Nanoparticles
Authors: Llop Castelbou Jessica , Bresó‐Femenia Emma , Blondeau Pascal , Chaudret Bruno , Castillón Sergio , Claver Carmen , Godard Cyril 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRu and Rh nanoparticles (NPs) RuI, RuII, RhI and RhII, stabilised by triphenylphosphine (PPh3) and diphenylphosphinobutane (dppb) were synthesised, characterised and applied as catalysts in the hydrogenation of several aromatic ketones. The effects of the nature of the metal and of the stabilising agent on the aryl versus ketone hydrogenation were studied. For Rh NPs, the coordination of arene dominates the interaction of the substrate with the NP, whereas the coordination of the ketone group was not evidenced. For Ru NPs, however, the results show that both arene and ketone coordinate to the NPs surface in a competitive manner. The properties of the stabilising ligands have a clear influence on the outcome of the reaction, and for the Rh‐catalysed reactions, products of hydrogenolysis were only formed if PPh3 was used as the stabiliser. The structure of the substrate was also a key factor for the selectivity.
An Analysis of Anion‐Specific Effects on the Standard Potential Shifts of 9‐Fluorenone in Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids with a Silver Electrode as a Cathode Material
Authors: Reche Irene , Gallardo Iluminada , Guirado Gonzalo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis study aims to show the interesting possibilities offered by the use of electrochemical techniques in several ionic liquids by establishing the potential use of silver electrodes in reduction processes. A range of fundamental electrochemical studies are described based on the determination of the diffusion coefficients, the standard potential shifts, and solvation effects for the electrochemical reduction of 9‐fluorenone by several room‐temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). The RTILs are composed of an unsymmetrical organic cation (1‐butyl or 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) and a range of inorganic anions. The catalytic properties of RTILs combined with a silver working electrode mean that this system could be a good starting point for establishing the design of new, more environmentally friendly and efficient electrosynthetic routes, as well as fluorenone‐based devices.
Highly Efficient Low‐Temperature Plasma‐Assisted Modification of TiO2 Nanosheets with Exposed {001} Facets for Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Li Beibei , Zhao Zongbin , Zhou Quan , Meng Bo , Meng Xiangtong , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAnatase TiO2 nanosheets with exposed {001} facets have been controllably modified under non‐thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma with various working gas, including Ar, H2, and NH3. The obtained TiO2 nanosheets possess a unique crystalline core/amorphous shell structure (TiO2@TiO2−x), which exhibit the improved visible and near‐infrared light absorption. The types of dopants (oxygen vacancy/surface Ti3+/substituted N) in oxygen‐deficient TiO2 can be tuned by controlling the working gases during plasma discharge. Both surface Ti3+ and substituted N were doped into the lattice of TiO2 through NH3 plasma discharge, whereas the oxygen vacancy or Ti3+ (along with the oxygen vacancy) was obtained after Ar or H2 plasma treatment. The TiO2@TiO2−x from NH3 plasma with a green color shows the highest photocatalytic activity under visible‐light irradiation compared with the products from Ar plasma or H2 plasma due to the synergistic effect of reduction and simultaneous nitridation in the NH3 plasma.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of thrombomodulin alfa to support dosing rationale in patients with renal impairment
Authors: Mouksassi Mohamad‐Samer , Marier Jean‐Francois , Bax Leon , Osawa Yutaka , Tsuruta Kazuhisa 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThrombomodulin alfa is a soluble recombinant human thrombomodulin that was reported to enhance the reversal of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in subjects with sepsis or hematologic malignancy and reduce mortality in subjects with sepsis and DIC. Population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of thrombomodulin alfa was performed based on rich samples collected in 24 healthy subjects (0.02 and 0.06 mg/kg) and sparse samples collected in 368 subjects with sepsis and DIC (0.06 mg/kg). Sources of variability (baseline characteristics, markers of renal/liver function, hematocrit, and disease severity) were explored using non‐linear mixed effect modeling to support dosing rationale in patients with sepsis and DIC. Plasma concentrations of thrombomodulin alfa were best fitted with a one‐compartment model. Body weight and creatinine clearance were important covariates describing the PK of thrombomodulin alfa. Typical CL values in patients with normal renal function, or mild, moderate and severe renal impairment were 0.158, 0.145, 0.128, and 0.105 L/h, respectively. Based on simulations, a 0.06 mg/kg dosing of thrombomodulin alfa is expected to result in drug exposure within the therapeutic range of the product (300–5,400 ng/mL), with minimum risks of bleeding in patient with normal and impaired renal functions.
Pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence evaluation of single‐tablet and separate‐tablet regimens for once‐daily cobicistat‐boosted elvitegravir in healthy Japanese male subjects: A randomized, two‐way crossover study
Authors: Shiomi Mari , Matsuki Shunji , Ikeda Atsushi , Ishikawa Tomohiro , Nishino Noriaki , Kimura Miyuki , Kumagai Yuji , Irie Shin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis randomized, two‐way crossover study evaluated the bioavailability of elvitegravir administered as the new individual tablet containing 150 mg and a cobicistat 150 mg tablet, concomitantly with a fixed‐dose combination tablet containing 200 mg of emtricitabine and 300 mg of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EVG + COBI + FTC/TDF), in comparison with a single‐tablet regimen containing the same dose of each component (EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF). Twenty‐four healthy Japanese male subjects received the two different elvitegravir treatments, the separate‐tablet or single‐tablet regimen, once‐daily for 10 days in each. The pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUCtau, and Ctau) of elvitegravir were investigated at Day 10 after each treatment, together with safety and tolerability. Relative to EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF, the geometric least‐squares mean ratios (GMR) and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for elvitegravir Cmax and AUCtau were within the boundary of 0.8–1.25, while the upper limit of the 90% CI of GMR for Ctau was narrowly below the lack of bioequivalence boundary (0.79). No deaths, serious AEs, or drug‐related AEs occurred. In conclusion, Cmax and AUCtau of elvitegravir met the strict definition of bioequivalence, indicating that the two regimens were essentially bioequivalent. Treatment with both regimens for 10 days appeared to be safe and well tolerated.
Shaping a New Generation of Culturally Responsive Evaluators: Program Director Perspectives on the Role of the Internship Experience
Authors: Bryan Michelle L. , O'Sullivan Rita 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this chapter, we reflect on the role of the internship experience (also known as the practical evaluation project placement) within the overall design and function of the Graduate Education Diversity Internship (GEDI) program as well as its relationship to program goals and outcomes. We argue that explicit consideration of the program's cultural context is critical for understanding the impact of the internship experience on the program's overall quality and effectiveness. Drawing on our experiences as former codirectors, as well as our former interns’ reflections, we address the ways in which cultural and contextual factors within their internship sites, and within the larger program itself, affected the interns’ ability to incorporate tenets of culturally responsive evaluation into their internship experience. Framing the internship as both a pedagogical and a practical space for merging evaluation theory and practice, we discuss our attempts to understand its role in supporting interns’ evolving understanding of culturally responsive evaluation.
In response to O'Reilly et al. (2014)
Authors: Van Metre Peter C , Mahler Barbara J 
Published: September 2014

Key Points
Coal-tar-based pavement sealant, a black liquid that is sprayed or painted on asphalt pavement, typically is 15 to 35% by weight coal tar or low- or high-temperature coal-tar pitch. USGS, other governmental, and academic research that has concluded that coal-tar-based pavement sealants are a major source of urban PAHs have relied on a wide array of forensic methods. Published academic and government research on effects of coal-tar-based pavement sealants has produced results consistent with those of the USGS. PAH contamination concerns associated with coal-tar-based sealcoat are not limited to stream and lake sediments; coal-tar-based sealcoat is a major source of PAHs to many environmental compartments.