bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on light-assisted preventive effects on dentin erosion
Authors: de-Melo Mary A.S. , Silva Francisco F.C. , Passos Vanara F. , Santiago Sérgio L. , Rodrigues Lidiany K.A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDental erosion is now recognized as an important cause of tooth tissue loss. ThisHuman root dentin slabs were randomly assigned to eight groups (n=10), as follows: G1 – control, G2 – fluoride (5 min), G3 – LED (455 nm), G4 – laser (660 nm), G5 – laser (808 nm), G6 – fluoride+LED, G7 – fluoride+laser (660 nm) and G8 – fluoride+laser (808 nm). After being submitted to a 2-h-acquired pellicle formation, the slabs were treated according to the groups (1× per day) and subsequently exposed to cyclic erosive challenges (0.01For all irradiated groups, temperature changes were below 1.6°C and were not statistically significant different (All treatments were able to reduce the loss of hardness of dentin submitted to a slight erosive challenge. However, no synergic effect was found when fluoride application was combined with light irradiation.
Electrospinning of poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofibers in a pump-free process
Authors: Bedi Jasbir S. , Lester Daniel W. , Fang Yuan X. , Turner John F.C. , Zhou John , Alfadul Sulaiman M. , Perry Christopher , Chen Qiao 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The effects of processing parameters, including solution concentration, viscosity, nozzle diameter, voltage bias and the nozzle to collector distance, on the morphology and diameters of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fibers have been systematically investigated, using a unique pump-free electrospinning method. For PMMA solution concentrations less than the critical entanglement concentration, ce, prolate spheroid-shaped droplets or beads with fibers were formed, whereas at concentrations above ce, good quality bead-free fibers were formed. Quantitative analysis revealed a linear dependence between the solution viscosity and fiber diameter. Larger fiber diameters were achieved by increasing the nozzle diameter and voltage bias. Increasing the bias voltage has the additional effect of broadening the diameter distribution, as a result of splaying and splitting. By contrast, when the strength of the electrical field was reduced by increasing the distance between the nozzle and collector, the overall fiber diameter was reduced.
Modification and improvement of acrylic emulsion paints by reducing organic raw materials and using silica nanocomposite
Authors: Dashtizadeh Ahmad , Abdouss Majid , Mahdavi Hossein , Khorassani Manuchehr , Hosseini Javad 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this paper, a specific emulsion polymerization of acrylic monomers, in the presence of silica particles, is developed to improve the physical properties of the base polymers and add proper functions to them. With this technique, nanocomposites were made by using two types of nonionic and anionic surfactants. To apply resins as water-based paints, the properties of two nanocomposite latexes were measured and the results were reported. The basic properties of nanocomposite acrylic paints, adhesion, surface hardness, wet scrub, scratch, flammability, gloss and solvent resistance, were evaluated and compared with acrylic paint before adding silica nanoparticles. The nanocomposite acrylic paints especially showed improvement in the reduction of flammability, organic raw materials content, wet scrub resistance, hardness and organic solvents resistance.
A convenient method for preparation of polystyrene-single-walled carbon nanotubes by metal-catalyzed living radical polymerization method
Authors: Abbasian Mojtaba , Fathi Saeed Yeganeh 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this research, a new direction for functionalizing of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method was utilized. SWCNTs were grafted with polystyrene (PSt) by the in situ ATRP method, in the presence of α-phenyl chloro acetylated SWCNT. This functional SWCNT was synthesized by the reaction between α-phenyl chloro acetyl chloride and a hydroxylated SWCNT that was obtained by reduction of a carboxylated SWCNT by lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4). Oxidation, reduction and coupling reactions of SWCNTs were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and polymerization of styrene from SWCNTs surfaces was illustrated by transfer electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal properties of attached polymers onto SWCNTs surfaces were investigated by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Chronic Daily Headache in Young Adolescents: A School Cohort Study
Authors: Lu Shiang-Ru , Fuh Jong-Ling , Wang Shuu-Jiun , Juang Kai-Dih , Chen Shih-Pin , Liao Yi-Chu , Wang Yen-Feng 
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVES:
This study investigated the incidence and risk factors of chronic daily headache (CDH) and its major subtypes in young adolescents.

METHODS:
A field cohort of 3342 adolescents aged 13 to 14 was established in 3 middle schools in Taitung, Taiwan, from 2005 to 2007. Participants without CDH at baseline were annually followed up for 1 to 2 years using the same questionnaires, including the Adolescent Depression Inventory and Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment. The neurologists made the headache diagnoses based on clinical interviews and headache diaries. The person-time incidence rates and risk factors of incident CDH and its subtypes (ie, chronic migraine [CM] and chronic tension-type headache [CTTH]) were calculated by using Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS:
The cohort completed 5586 person-years (PYs) of follow-up. Sixty-three subjects (21 boys/42 girls) developed incident CDH with an incidence rate of 1.13 per 100 PYs, including 37 with CM (0.66 per 100 PYs) and 22 with CTTH (0.39 per 100 PYs). Thirty-three subjects (52%) had a baseline diagnosis of migraine. The independent risk factors for incident CDH included female gender, acute family financial distress, obesity, higher headache frequency, and a baseline diagnosis of migraine. A higher headache frequency was the only identical risk factor for CDH, CM, and CTTH. A baseline diagnosis of migraine and obesity were significant predictors for both CM and CDH. Female gender was a significant predictor for both CTTH and CDH.

CONCLUSIONS:
Incident CDH was common in young adolescents. Some risk factors for incident CM and CTTH were different.
“Eczema Coxsackium” and Unusual Cutaneous Findings in an Enterovirus Outbreak
Authors: Mathes Erin F. , Oza Vikash , Frieden Ilona J. , Cordoro Kelly M. , Yagi Shigeo , Howard Renee , Kristal Leonard , Ginocchio Christine C. , Schaffer Julie , Maguiness Sheilagh , Bayliss Susan , Lara-Corrales Irene , Garcia-Romero Maria Teresa , Kelly Dan , Salas Maria , Oberste M. Steven , Nix W. Allan , Glaser Carol , Antaya Richard 
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE:To characterize the atypical cutaneous presentations in the coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6)–associated North American enterovirus outbreak of 2011–2012.METHODS:We performed a retrospective case series of pediatric patients who presented with atypical cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) from July 2011 to June 2012 at 7 academic pediatric dermatology centers. Patients were included if they tested positive for CVA6 or if they met clinical criteria for atypical HFMD (an enanthem or exanthem characteristic of HFMD with unusual morphology or extent of cutaneous findings). We collected demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical data including history of skin conditions, morphology and extent of exanthem, systemic symptoms, and diagnostic test results.RESULTS:Eighty patients were included in this study (median age 1.5 years, range 4 months–16 years). Seventeen patients were CVA6-positive, and 63 met clinical inclusion criteria. Ninety-nine percent of patients exhibited a vesiculobullous and erosive eruption; 61% of patients had rash involving &gt;10% body surface area. The exanthem had a perioral, extremity, and truncal distribution in addition to involving classic HFMD areas such as palms, soles, and buttocks. In 55% of patients, the eruption was accentuated in areas of eczematous dermatitis, termed “eczema coxsackium.” Other morphologies included Gianotti-Crosti–like (37%), petechial/purpuric (17%) eruptions, and delayed onychomadesis and palm and sole desquamation. There were no patients with serious systemic complications.CONCLUSIONS:The CVA6-associated enterovirus outbreak was responsible for an exanthem potentially more widespread, severe, and varied than classic HFMD that could be confused with bullous impetigo, eczema herpeticum, vasculitis, and primary immunobullous disease.
Impact of Neonatal Growth on IQ and Behavior at Early School Age
Authors: Smithers Lisa G. , Lynch John W. , Yang Seungmi , Dahhou Mourad , Kramer Michael S. 
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVES:
The objective was to examine associations of neonatal weight gain (NWG) and head circumference gain (HCG) with IQ scores and behavior at early school age.

METHODS:
We used data from the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial, involving Belarusian infants born full term and weighing ≥2500 g. NWG and HCG were measured as the percentage gain in weight and head circumference over the first 4 weeks relative to birth size. IQ and behavior were measured at 6.5 years of age by using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), respectively, with SDQ collected from parents and teachers. The associations between the exposures (NWG, HCG) and children’s IQ and SDQ were examined by using mixed models to account for clustering of measurements, and adjustment for potentially confounding perinatal and socioeconomic factors.

RESULTS:
Mean NWG was 26% (SD 10%) of birth weight. In fully adjusted models, infants in the highest versus lowest quartile of NWG had 1.5-point (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8 to 2.2) higher IQ scores (n = 13 840). A weak negative (protective) association between NWG and SDQ total difficulties scores was observed for the teacher-reported (β = −0.39, 95% CI −0.71 to −0.08, n = 12 016), but not the parent-reported (β = −0.12, 95% CI −0.39 to 0.15, n = 13 815), SDQ. Similar associations were observed with HCG and IQ and behavior.

CONCLUSIONS:
Faster gains in weight or head circumference in the 4 weeks after birth may contribute to children’s IQ, but reverse causality (brain function affects neonatal growth) cannot be excluded.
Implementing Recommended Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Martin Gerard R. , Beekman Robert H. , Mikula Elizabeth Bradshaw , Fasules James , Garg Lorraine F. , Kemper Alex R. , Morrow W. Robert , Pearson Gail D. , Mahle William T. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is endorsed by the US Secretary of Health and Human Services as part of the recommended uniform screening panel for newborns. Although initial recommendations for implementation exist, as states and hospitals have moved forward with implementation of screening, new challenges and areas for additional focus have been identified. The objective of this study was to develop recommendations to address current challenges and areas of focus surrounding CCHD newborn screening.

METHODS:
A workgroup of experts and stakeholders was convened in Washington, District of Columbia, for a 1-day meeting in February 2012. At the beginning of the meeting, the stakeholders held a brainstorming session to identify areas of main priority based on their experience. After this, stakeholders broke into small groups to refine recommendations, which were then finalized by consensus.

RESULTS:
Recommendations to address selection of screening equipment, standards for reporting of screening outcomes to stakeholders, training of health care providers and educating families, future research priorities, payment for screening, follow-up diagnostic testing, and public health oversight, and advocacy to facilitate effective and comprehensive screening were proposed. Suggestions for future work were developed.

CONCLUSIONS:
Screening for CCHD presents novel challenges and opportunities; however, addressing these will strengthen newborn screening and newborn care networks, and ultimately improve health outcomes.
Serum Uric Acid and Blood Pressure in Children at Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Viazzi Francesca , Antolini Laura , Giussani Marco , Brambilla Paolo , Galbiati Sara , Mastriani Silvana , Stella Andrea , Pontremoli Roberto , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Genovesi Simonetta 
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVES:
Hyperuricemia has been shown to be a strong correlate of hypertension in children. However, the complex interaction between serum uric acid (UA), systemic blood pressure (BP), and possibly confounding factors has been elucidated only in part.

METHODS:
We evaluated office BP as well as clinical and biohumoral parameters in a cross-sectional cohort of 501 children (280 boys and 221 girls) aged between 6 and 18 years (mean = 10.8 years) consecutively referred for cardiovascular risk assessment.

RESULTS:
Overall, 156 (31.1%) were normotensive, 122 (24.4%) showed transient hypertension, 87 (17.4%) had prehypertension, and 136 (27.1%) had hypertension. Altogether 33.3% and 40.5% of the study group were overweight or obese, respectively. There was a trend toward greater weight and waist circumference and higher BMI, Homeostasis Model Assessment index, and UA levels as the BP categories rose. Moreover, the prevalence of pubertal children, obesity, and waist-to-height ratio above 0.50 progressively increased from lower to upper BP categories. After adjusting for puberty, gender, BMI (z-score), Homeostasis Model Assessment index, and renal function, UA was found to be directly related to systolic and diastolic BP values (P = .03). Using normotensive children for comparison, the risk of showing prehypertension or hypertension increased by at least 50% for each 1 mg/dL UA increase (P &lt; .01), whereas it doubled for children in the top gender-specific UA quartile (P &lt; .03).

CONCLUSIONS:
Increased UA levels showed an independent predictive power for the presence of higher BP levels among a cohort of children at relatively high cardiovascular risk.
A Randomized Trial of Exothermic Mattresses for Preterm Newborns in Polyethylene Bags
Authors: McCarthy Lisa K. , Molloy Eleanor J. , Twomey Anne R. , Murphy John F.A. , O’Donnell Colm P.F. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Hypothermia on admission to the NICU is associated with increased mortality in preterm infants. Many newborns are hypothermic on admission despite using polyethylene bags (PBs). Using exothermic mattresses (EMs) in addition to PBs may reduce hypothermia but increase hyperthermia. We wished to determine whether placing preterm newborns in PBs on EMs in the DR results in more infants with rectal temperature outside the range 36.5 to 37.5°C on NICU admission.

METHODS:
Infants &lt;31 weeks were randomly assigned before birth to treatment with or without an EM. All infants were placed in a PB and under radiant heat immediately after birth and brought to NICU in a transport incubator. Infants randomly assigned to EM were placed on a mattress immediately after delivery and remained on it until admission. Randomization was stratified by gestational age. Rectal temperature was measured with a digital thermometer on NICU admission.

RESULTS:
The data safety monitoring committee recommended stopping for efficacy after analyzing data from half the planned sample. We report data for 72 infants enrolled at this time. Fewer infants in PBs on EMs had temperatures within the target range (15/37 [41%] vs 27/35 [77%], P = .002) and more had temperatures &gt;37.5°C (17/37 [46%] vs 6/35 [17%], P = .009).

CONCLUSIONS:
In very preterm newborns, using EMs in addition to PBs in the DR resulted in more infants with temperatures outside the normal range and more hyperthermia on NICU admission.
Thin Film Nanoelectronic Probe for Protein Detection
Authors: Esfandyarpour Rahim , Javanmard Mehdi , Koochak Zahra , Esfandyarpour Hesaam , Harris James S. , Davis Ronald W. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThere are many biological macro-molecules such as nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. While each of them plays a vital (and interesting) part in life but there is something special about the proteins. Proteins are the key link between the processes of information and replication that take place on a genetic level and the infrastructure of living features. Understanding the properties of proteins is the key to understanding the spark of the life. In this paper we describe our study of various electrical properties of protein when performing measurements at the nanoscale. To achieve this goal we designed and fabricated a nanoelectronic probe. This nano structure consists of four thin film layers. There are two conductive layers and an insulative layer in between. There is also a protective oxide layer as the top most layer. This layer is to prevent the exposure of conductive electrodes to the solution. Underneath the bottom electrode, there is another oxide layer, which can be a thermally grown oxide. This layer insulates the first electrode from the substrate. In this study, while we use non-specific detection of streptavidin protein as a proof of concept, we emphasize that the findings of this study can be extended to specific detection of target proteins, where in this case a specific probe molecule would also be immobilized on the sensor surface.
Detecting H2S oscillatory response using surface plasmon spectroscopy
Authors: Della Gaspera Enrico , Martucci Alessandro 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe oscillatory change in the optical absorbance of NiO-TiO2 film containing Au nanoparticles in the presence of H2S gas are investigated. The oscillatory phenomena could be monitored by looking at the variation of the surface plasmon resonance peak of the Au nanoparticles embedded in the TiO2-NiO matrix. Au nanoparticles act as optical probes in the detection of H2S, while the oxide matrix is responsible for the catalytic oxidation of H2S. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that oscillatory phenomena are monitored by optical spectroscopy.
Cyborgs Structured with Carbon Nanotubes and Plant or Fungal Cells: Artificial Tissue Engineering for Mechanical and Electronic Uses
Authors: Di Giacomo Raffaele , Maresca Bruno , Angelillo Maurizio , Porta Amalia , Leone Antonietta , Carapella Giovani , Neitzert Heinz C. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTHere we present new materials obtained using, either fungal or isolated tobacco cells in association with different percentages of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). As a proof of concept, we used eitherCandida albicansor a non-green Tobacco BY-2 cell line combined with multi-walled CNTs. The electrical, mechanical, and conductivity vs temperature properties for some of these materials have been determined.C. albicans-based tissues have high conductivity and are stable at elevated temperatures. By lowering the CNTs content, we obtained a stable, electrically conductive optical transparent film, though with a relatively high sheet resistance. Further, we produced, using tobacco cells, a material that exhibits good electrical as well as mechanical properties.
ACE Project—Advocating for Clinical Excellence: Creating Change in the Delivery of Palliative Care
Authors: Otis-Green Shirley , Yang Eunice , Lynne Lisa 
Published: June 2013

Background: Psychologists, social workers, and spiritual care professionals report inadequate preparation to maximize their effectiveness in advocating for institutional reform to meet oncology patients' diverse bio-psychosocial-spiritual and cultural needs. This article provides an overview of the ACE Project, a National Cancer Institute, 5 year, R25-funded transdisciplinary palliative care education program designed to enhance the advocacy and leadership skills of 301 competitively selected psycho-oncology professionals. Methods: ACE Project participants identified an institutional goal, refined their goals during the course and received mentorship and support throughout the subsequent year. Participants were invited to return to a Reunion Conference in year five to report on their activities, network, and share the results of their change efforts. A subset of 28 ACE Project participants contributed to this OMEGA special issue. Results: Participants' goals primarily focused on strategies to improve clinical care through program development and improvements in palliative care education within their institutions. Conclusions: The results of this transdisciplinary leadership skills-building program for psycho-oncology professionals affirm the feasibility and perceived need for the program. See the ACE Project website ( http://www.cityofhope.org/education/health-professional-education/nursing-education/ACE-project/Pages/default.aspx ) for additional program information.
Brain metastases of neuroendocrine tumor with unknown primary location - Case report
Authors: Brehar F.M. , Gorgan R.M. , Neacsu Angela 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors are tumors derived from the cells of the neuroendocrine system. The majority of metastases of neuroendocrine tumors occur in liver, lungs and bone. The brain is an uncommon site of metastasize for this type of tumor. The authors of this paper present a case of brain metastases of neuroendocrine tumor with undetermined primary location. The patient, a 35 yearsold man, was admitted in our clinic with headache, nausea, vomiting and a mild right facial paresis. Head CT scan and cerebral MRI identified two lesions: one larger lesion with mixed solid and cystic components located in the left basal ganglia and thalamus and a second cystic lesion located deep in the right parietal lobe. All complementary investigations (including thoracic CT scan and whole-body MRI) failed to reveal the primary tumor location. Due to the high vital-risks associated with the open surgical procedure, the patient and his family chose the less invasive procedure of stereotactic biopsy. Postoperatively the patient had no additional neurologic deficits, presenting only the initial mild right central facial paresis. The result of immunohistochemistry examination was cerebral metastases of neuroendocrine tumor. The patient was directed to the Institute of Oncology Fundeni for further investigations and therapeutically management. In conclusion, even if these are rare tumors which rarely metastasize in the brain, the neurosurgeons should take in consideration this pathology when they examine a patient with multiple cerebral lesions with unknown location of primary tumor.