bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SIRT2 induces the checkpoint kinase BubR1 to increase lifespan
Authors: North Brian J , Rosenberg Michael A , Jeganathan Karthik B , Hafner Angela V , Michan Shaday , Dai Jing , Baker Darren J , Cen Yana , Wu Lindsay E , Sauve Anthony A , van Deursen Jan M , Rosenzweig Anthony , Sinclair David A 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMice overexpressing the mitotic checkpoint kinase gene BubR1 live longer, whereas mice hypomorphic for BubR1 (BubR1H/H) live shorter and show signs of accelerated aging. As wild‐type mice age, BubR1 levels decline in many tissues, a process that is proposed to underlie normal aging and age‐related diseases. Understanding why BubR1 declines with age and how to slow this process is therefore of considerable interest. The sirtuins (SIRT1‐7) are a family of NAD+‐dependent deacetylases that can delay age‐related diseases. Here, we show that the loss of BubR1 levels with age is due to a decline in NAD+ and the ability of SIRT2 to maintain lysine‐668 of BubR1 in a deacetylated state, which is counteracted by the acetyltransferase CBP. Overexpression of SIRT2 or treatment of mice with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) increases BubR1 abundance in vivo. Overexpression of SIRT2 in BubR1H/H animals increases median lifespan, with a greater effect in male mice. Together, these data indicate that further exploration of the potential of SIRT2 and NAD+ to delay diseases of aging in mammals is warranted.
Playing TETris with DNA modifications
Authors: Delatte Benjamin , Deplus Rachel , Fuks François 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMethylation of the fifth carbon of cytosine was the first epigenetic modification to be discovered in DNA. Recently, three new DNA modifications have come to light: hydroxymethylcytosine, formylcytosine, and carboxylcytosine, all generated by oxidation of methylcytosine by Ten Eleven Translocation (TET) enzymes. These modifications can initiate full DNA demethylation, but they are also likely to participate, like methylcytosine, in epigenetic signalling per se. A scenario is emerging in which coordinated regulation at multiple levels governs the participation of TETs in a wide range of physiological functions, sometimes via a mechanism unrelated to their enzymatic activity. Although still under construction, a sophisticated picture is rapidly forming where, according to the function to be performed, TETs ensure epigenetic marking to create specific landscapes, and whose improper build‐up can lead to diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
Wnt signaling directs a metabolic program of glycolysis and angiogenesis in colon cancer
Authors: Pate Kira T , Stringari Chiara , Sprowl‐Tanio Stephanie , Wang Kehui , TeSlaa Tara , Hoverter Nate P , McQuade Miriam M , Garner Chad , Digman Michelle A , Teitell Michael A , Edwards Robert A , Gratton Enrico , Waterman Marian L 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMuch of the mechanism by which Wnt signaling drives proliferation during oncogenesis is attributed to its regulation of the cell cycle. Here, we show how Wnt/β‐catenin signaling directs another hallmark of tumorigenesis, namely Warburg metabolism. Using biochemical assays and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to probe metabolism in vitro and in living tumors, we observe that interference with Wnt signaling in colon cancer cells reduces glycolytic metabolism and results in small, poorly perfused tumors. We identify pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) as an important direct target within a larger gene program for metabolism. PDK1 inhibits pyruvate flux to mitochondrial respiration and a rescue of its expression in Wnt‐inhibited cancer cells rescues glycolysis as well as vessel growth in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, we identify an important mechanism by which Wnt‐driven Warburg metabolism directs the use of glucose for cancer cell proliferation and links it to vessel delivery of oxygen and nutrients.
Cadmium Chloride Assisted Re-Crystallization of CdTe: The Effect of Varying the Annealing Time
Authors: Abbas A. , West G. D. , Bowers J.W. , Kaminski P. M. , Maniscalco B. , Walls J.M. , Barth Kurt L. , Sampath W.S. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough the cadmium chloride treatment is an essential process for high efficiency thin film cadmium telluride photovoltaic devices, the precise mechanisms involved that improve the cadmium telluride layer are not well understood. In this investigation we apply advanced micro-structural characterization techniques to study the effect of varying the time of the cadmium chloride annealing treatment on the micro-structure of cadmium telluride solar cells deposited by close spaced sublimation (CSS) and relate this to cell performance. A range of techniques has been used to observe the morphological changes to the micro-structure as well as the chemical and crystallographic changes as a function of treatment parameters. Electrical tests that link the device performance with the micro-structural properties of the cells have also been undertaken. Techniques used include Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for sub-grain analysis and XPS for composition-depth profiling. The study provides a new insight in to the mechanisms involved in the initiation and the subsequent complete re-crystallization of the cadmium telluride layer.
Sexual Isolation between Two Known Intraspecific Populations ofHartigiola(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) That Induce Leaf Galls on Upper and Lower Surfaces ofFagus crenata(Fagales: Fagaceae), Indicating Possible Diversification into Sibling Species
Authors: Mishima Misako , Sato Shinsuke , Tsuda Kiyoshi , Yukawa Junichi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHartigiola faggalli (Monzen), a cecidomyiid species that induces leaf galls on Fagus crenata Blume (Fagales: Fagaceae), was studied to assess the degree of sexual isolation between known intraspecific populations derived from two different gall types. “Upper-type galls” form on the lateral veins of upper leaf surfaces, whereas “lower-type galls” develop between the lateral veins of lower leaf surfaces. The two populations were distinguished based on slight differences in theirDNAsequences. They coexisted in F. crenata forests. Emergence, swarming, mating, and oviposition occurred sequentially each day and almost simultaneously in both populations. Thus, they were not isolated from each other in time or space. However, 85% of 134 swarming males flew to females of the same population when responding to female sex pheromone. About 92% of 251 mating pairs were homogenic, and IPSI indicated a significantly homogenic mating. The female sex pheromone and male sensitivity to the pheromone seemed to differ between the two populations. After mating, females of each population oviposited their eggs only on either the upper or lower surfaces of fresh leaves. The strongly assortative mating combined with differences in pheromones and gall morphology indicates that the two populations are almost completely reproductively isolated and that they have diversified into the stage of sibling species.
Factors Associated With Weight Gain in People With Type 2 Diabetes Starting on Insulin
Authors: Balkau Beverley , Home Philip D. , Vincent Maya , Marre Michel , Freemantle Nick 
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE
Moderate weight gain is usual after starting insulin therapy. The identification and quantification of factors associated with weight gain may help target strategies for avoidance of weight gain.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The noninterventional CREDIT (Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation in people with type 2 Diabetes on Insulin Therapy) study included data from people with type 2 diabetes starting any insulin in 314 centers, in 12 countries. From a number of predefined candidate explanatory variables, analyses identified factors associated with weight gain 1 year after starting insulin treatment, after adjusting for investigational site as a random factor. A multivariable backward regression analysis selected a subset of these factors associated with weight gain.

RESULTS
We studied the 2,179 people with data for body weight change at 1 year and for potential predictive factors. The mean weight gain was 1.78 kg, and 24% gained ≥5.0 kg. Baseline factors associated with weight gain were BMI, A1C, insulin regimen, insulin dose, other glucose-lowering therapies, and hypertension; at 1 year, additional factors were A1C, insulin regimen, insulin dose, and use of other glucose-lowering therapies. In multivariable analysis, weight gain at 1 year was associated with a higher A1C at baseline, a higher insulin dose at baseline and at 1 year, and a lower baseline BMI.

CONCLUSIONS
By the time insulin was started, a high baseline A1C and insulin dose requirements were independently associated with greater weight gain, as was lower baseline BMI. Insulin regimen per se was not a predictive factor.
Penetration of Hydrogen Peroxide and Degradation Rate of Different Bleaching Products
Authors: Marson FC , Gonçalves RS , Silva CO , Cintra LTÂ , Pascotto RC , Santos PH dos , Briso ALF 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARY
This study's aim was to evaluate the degradation rate of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and to quantify its penetration in tooth structure, considering the residence time of bleaching products on the dental enamel. For this study, bovine teeth were randomly divided according to the bleaching product received: Opalescence Xtra Boost 38%, White Gold Office 35%, Whiteness HP Blue 35%, Whiteness HP Maxx 35%, and Lase Peroxide Sensy 35%. To analyze the degradation of H2O2, the titration of bleaching agents with potassium permanganate was used, while the penetration of H2O2 was measured via spectrophotometric analysis of the acetate buffer solution, collected from the artificial pulp chamber. The analyses were performed immediately as well as 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 45 minutes after product application. The data of degradation rate of H2O2 were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests, while ANOVA and Fisher tests were used for the quantification of H2O2, at the 5% level. The results showed that all products significantly reduced the concentration of H2O2 activates at the end of 45 minutes. It was also verified that the penetration of H2O2 was enhanced by increasing the residence time of the product on the tooth surface. It was concluded that the bleaching gels retained substantial concentrations of H2O2 after 45 minutes of application, and penetration of H2O2 in the dental structure is time-dependent.
Biodegradation of Benzo[a]Pyrene through the use of algae
Authors: Takáčová Alžbeta , Smolinská Miroslava , Ryba Jozef , Mackuľak Tomáš , Jokrllová Jana , Hronec Pavol , Čík Gabriel 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this work for disposal of the biologically hard decomposed pollutant Benzo[a]Pyrene (BaP) photooxidation Chlorella kessleri was used. The simulation model system under the different experimental conditions (varying biomass and light intensity) was evaluated. For quantitative analysis of the decrease in BaP, GC/MS technique was used. The highest degradation efficiency was achieved in the case of biomass from the culture of live algae (29%) and light intensity at level of 13.5 W m−2. When the dry biomass was used, degradation under the same conditions was lower because of lack of enzymatic activity in the system.
Determination of 210Po content of vietnamese tobacco samples
Authors: Kovács Tibor , Horváth Maria , Sas Zoltán , Dung Bui , Minh Tran 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death. In recent years, numerous countries have initiated the prohibition of smoking in restaurants, workplaces and public spaces. The Vietnamese government intends to follow the precautions against public smoking as well. Over and above the number of some hazardous chemical components found in tobacco, 210Po isotope content could enhance the probability of the development of lung cancer. In this study 14 Vietnamese tobacco products (commercial cigarettes and pipe tobacco) 210Po activity concentration were determined using PIPS semiconductor alpha spectrometry. The results showed that the 210Po activity concentration of the investigated samples varied between 7.40 ± 1.09–128.64 ± 11.22 mBq g−1. The average 210Po content of commercial cigarettes was 15.5 mBq g−1, whilst the average of pipe tobacco was 20.4 mBq g−1. To estimate the risk of inhalation of 210Po isotopes originating as a result of smoking, dose estimations were carried out.
Synthesis, structure and capacitive properties of cobalt hydroxide films on stainless steel substrates
Authors: Barauskienė Ieva , Valatka Eugenijus 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Cobalt (hydro)oxide films on AISI 304 stainless steel and sintered metal fibre filter Bekipor ST 20AL3 were prepared using electrochemical deposition from neutral cobalt acetate solutions under galvanostatic conditions. Deposited films were structurally characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. All electrochemical measurements were performed in aqueous NaOH solution. Capacitive behavior of different films was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry data. The highest specific capacitance (965 F g−1) was reached when Bekipor ST 20AL3 mesh was used as a support for electroactive substance.
Clinico-pathological studies of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax — malaria in India and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khan Wajihullah , Zakai Haytham , Umm-e-Asma  
Published: May 2014

AbstractMalaria is one of the most devastating diseases of tropical countries with clinical manifestations such as anaemia, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, hepatomegaly and acute renal failures. In this study, cases of thrombocytopenia and haemoglobinemia were more prominent in subjects infected with Plasmodium falciparum (Welch, 1897) than those with Plasmodium vivax (Grassi et Feletti, 1890). However, anaemia, jaundice, convulsions and acute renal failure were significantly high (3–4 times) in subjects infected with P. falciparum than those infected with P. vivax. The incidence of splenomegaly and neurological sequelae were 2 and 6 times higher in P. falciparum infections compared to the infections of P. vivax. Both in P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria, the cases of splenomegaly, jaundice and neurological sequelae were almost double in children (<10 years) compared to older patients. The liver enzymes were generally in normal range in cases of low and mild infections. However, the AST, ALT, ALP activities and serum bilirubin, creatinine, and the urea content were increased in P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria patients having high parasitaemia, confirming liver dysfunction and renal failures in few cases of severe malaria both in India and Saudi Arabia.
Molecular characterization of muscle-parasitizing didymozoids in marine fishes
Authors: Abe Niichiro , Okamoto Mitsuru , Maehara Tomofumi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractClassification and identification of muscle-parasitizing didymozoids found in marine fish is difficult because of their novel parasitism and morphology. Recent sequence analysis has helped, but only seven sequences are available. Therefore, the usefulness of molecular methods for differentiation of muscle-parasitizing didymozoids, as well as genetic differences between the muscle and the other site-parasitizing didymozoids are quite unclear. In the present study, six unidentified didymozoid isolates from the trunk muscles of four marine fish species (Diagramma pictum, Plectorhinchus cinctus, Pagrus major and Cypselurus heterurus) were examined genetically using sequence analysis (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS-2 and coxI). All isolates were placed phylogenetically as a lineage independent of other site-parasitizing didymozoids at 18S rDNA, ITS-2 and coxI. They were grouped into three distinct lineages. The present and the previous unidentified or identified didymozoids from trunk muscles were found to differ clearly for every host species by sequence analysis, suggesting that muscle-parasitizing didymozoids are host-specific. This report is the first describing the molecular characteristics of muscle-parasitizing didymozoids by sequence analysis targeting the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA loci, which is proposed as a superior method for didymozoid differentiation.
Aspects of the morphology of the juvenile life stages of Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon Avenant-Oldewage, 2013 (Monogenea: Diplozoidae)
Authors: Avenant-Oldewage Annemariè , Milne Simon 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThere are eight life stages in the life-cycle of Diplozoon paradoxum and limited knowledge of the life-cycle for other diplozoid genera exists. The aim of this study was to record the number of life-stages of Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon obtained from, Labeobarbus aeneus and Labeobarbus kimberlyensis, in the Vaal Dam from 2005 to 2007. Six larval life stages and one adult stage of P. ichtyoxanthon were identified from specimens collected in vitro and in situ. In vitro, eggs hatched after 21 days at 18°C. Eggs collected during winter were significantly larger than those laid during spring or summer. Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon oncomiracidia have peripheral eyes with pink pigmentation, a tubular anterior bladder-like structure, bicuspid basal pharynx valve and a branched digestive caecum and residual shell material or vitellaria in the caecum. Immature reproductive tissue connected to the ventral sucker and dorsal papillae were noted for the first time in diporpa. Large nervous ganglia and innervation of muscle were observed around the ventral sucker.
On some ultrastructural features of the reproductive system of the monogenean parasite Macrogyrodactylus congolensis from Clarias gariepinus inhabiting the River Nile in Egypt
Authors: Arafa Safaa , El-Naggar Mohammed , Kearn Graham 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSome organs of the reproductive system of the protogynous monogenean skin parasite Macrogyrodactylus congolensis (Prudhoe, 1957) Yamaguti, 1963 have been studied using transmission electron microscopy. The vesicula seminalis is enclosed by a prominent layer of circular muscle fibres and has inner syncytial protrusions. The penis bulb is a highly muscular organ with prominent radial and circular muscle fibres, a gutter-shaped large spine and 16 small spines. Two syncytial male accessory glands, and a single reservoir for male accessory secretion were identified. The secretory bodies in the male accessory glands and male accessory reservoir have a unique structure. A large oocyte is situated in a chamber, previously referred to as the “ootype” or “egg-cell-forming region” (ECFR), which also contains one or two small undifferentiated cells and vacuolated tissue. Mature spermatozoa were abundant in the receptaculum seminis and dispersed in the vacuolated tissue in the ECFR and appeared to be attached to the membrane of the large oocyte. Mature spermatozoa were also seen in the parenchymal tissue near the chamber containing embryos and even in the tissues of the embryo.
Import of exotic and zoonotic trematodes (Heterophyidae: Centrocestus sp.) in Xiphophorus maculatus: Implications for ornamental fish import control in Europe
Authors: Mehrdana Foojan , Jensen Hannah , Kania Per , Buchmann Kurt 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOrnamental fish, Xiphophorus maculatus, were imported from Singapore to Denmark for distribution to local aquarists. Importers observed lethargic and erratic swimming patterns among fish and forwarded a total of 30 fish for pathological examination to a university diagnostic service. All fish were diagnosed infected with encysted Centrocestus sp. metacercariae in gills (prevalence of 100% and mean intensity of 454.5 ± 161.9 parasites per fish). Metacercariae were identified by morphological and molecular methods. Cysts (mean length 163.3 ± 13.7 μm and mean width 113.3 ± 10.6 μm) contained a bent metacercaria with an X-shaped excretory bladder. PCR amplification of a rDNA region (5.8S rRNA gene, ITS-2, 28S rRNA gene) and subsequent sequencing confirmed the diagnosis. Metacercariae were found in gill filaments adjacent to the cartilage associated with cartilage hypertrophy, epithelial and mucous cell hyperplasia, clubbing and lamellar fusion. Host cell encapsulation of cysts comprised several layers of leucocytes, chondroblast-like and fibroblast-like cells. The observations raise concerns with regard to veterinary inspection and quarantine procedures. The zoonotic potential of these trematodes and a possible spread of the parasites in natural habitats in Europe should be regarded as a public health issue. So far, several cases of human infections have been reported only in Asia, but the potential intermediate host snail, Melanoides tuberculata, has been recorded in Germany. Accordingly, establishment of the parasite in Europe with climate changes should be considered a risk.
Isospora massardi sp. nov. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the white-necked thrush Turdus albicollis (Passeriformes: Turdidae) from Brazil
Authors: Lopes Bruno , Berto Bruno , Luz Hermes , Galvão Gideão , Ferreira Ildemar , Lopes Carlos 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA new coccidian species (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) are reported from the white-necked thrush Turdus albicollis Vieillot, 1818, a very common species in South America. Isospora massardi sp. nov. oocysts are subspherical, 18.6 × 17.7 μm, with smooth, bilayered wall, ∼0.9 μm. Micropyle, oocyst residuum are absent, but two polar granules are frequently present. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 14.8 × 9.3 μm. Stieda body is knob-like to rounded and substieda body is rounded. Sporocyst residuum is composed of scattered spherules of different sizes. Sporozoites are vermiform with posterior and anterior refractile bodies and a nucleus. This is the sixth description of an isosporoid coccidium infecting a New World turdid bird.
Confirming Hypoderma tarandi (Diptera: Oestridae) human ophthalmomyiasis by larval DNA barcoding
Authors: Rukke Bjørn , Cholidis Symira , Johnsen Arild , Ottesen Preben 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDNA barcoding is a practical tool for species identification, when morphological classification of an organism is difficult. Herein we describe the utilisation of this technique in a case of ophthalmomyiasis interna. A 12-year-old boy was infested during a summer holiday in northern Norway, while visiting an area populated with reindeer. Following medical examination, a Diptera larva was surgically removed from the boy’s eye and tentatively identified from its morphological traits as Hypoderma tarandi (L.) (Diptera: Oestridae). Ultimately, DNA barcoding confirmed this impression. The larval cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) DNA sequence was matched with both profiles of five adult H. tarandi from the same region where the boy was infested, and other established profiles of H. tarandi in the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) identification engine.
Parasitic infections detected by FLOTAC in zoo mammals from Warsaw, Poland
Authors: Maesano Gianpaolo , Capasso Michele , Ianniello Davide , Cringoli Giuseppe , Rinaldi Laura 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of intestinal parasites in groups of mammals kept in the Warsaw zoological garden (Poland). 71 pools of fecal samples were analyzed using the FLOTAC techniques. 48% of animals were positive and 47% of positivities showed multiple infections. Toxocara cati (71.4%) was found in felines; marsupials were infected with Coccidia (90%). Giardia spp. (24.0%), Blastocystis spp. (12.3%), Iodamoeba spp. (10.0%), Enterobius vermicularis (6.0%) and Entamoeba coli (3.3%) were found in primates. Gastrointestinal strongyles (60.5%) were prevalent in ruminants which resulted positive also to Coccidia (Eimeria spp. = 50.0%), Trichuris spp. (25.0%) and Nematodirus (14.0%). Strongyles (34.0%) were the most frequent parasites in monogastric herbivores, followed by Parascaris equorum (17.0%). None of the animals showed any symptom associated with gastrointestinal parasitic infections. According to our results the need to prevent, diagnose, control, and treat intestinal parasitism trough specific control programs is mandatory for animal welfare in order to limit the spread of parasitic infections in animals and humans.