bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missed viral surveillance testing visits associate with full blown viral diseases in children receiving kidney transplants
Authors: Al Khasawneh Eihab , Araya Carlos E. , Dharnidharka Vikas R. 
Published: August 2012

Al Khasawneh E, Araya CE, Dharnidharka VR. Missed viral surveillance testing visits associate with full blown viral diseases in children receiving kidney transplants.Abstract:  Surveillance testing for major viral infections such as CMV, EBV, and BKV early in their natural history course may allow for early intervention and prevention of FBVD, but the testing is expensive and optimal interval/frequency are uncertain. At our center we initiated routine monthly viral surveillance for CMV, EBV, and BKV in July 2008 for the first 12 months post‐transplant. Here, we retrospectively analyzed for outcome of the patients who missed three or more surveillance tests in the first 12 months post‐transplant vs. those who did not. Of 21 patients, five missed three or more surveillance tests. Two of those five developed FBVD (one BKV nephropathy and one EBV‐PTLD). None of the 16 patients with more regular surveillance testing developed FBVD. The incidence of viral replication was similar in both groups. The odds ratio for FBVD if viral surveillance tests were missed was 23.57 (p‐value of 0.047). In this small group of contemporaneous patients on identical immunosuppression, those patients who missed regular viral surveillance were more likely to develop FBVD. Prospective randomized trials to confirm the benefit of regular viral testing are recommended.
Phase II study of oral docetaxel and cyclosporine in canine epithelial cancer
Authors: Waite A. , Balkman C. , Bailey D. , Kiselow M. , Flory A. , Beaulieu B. B. , Lewis L. D. , McEntee M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe goal of the current study was to determine the efficacy of oral docetaxel in combination with cyclosporine in the treatment of canine epithelial cancer. Requirements for eligibility were histological confirmation of epithelial neoplasia, measurable disease, no chemotherapy treatment within 2 weeks, and a life expectancy of ≥3 months. Fifty‐one dogs were enrolled. All dogs received 1.625 mg kg−1 of docetaxel with 5 mg kg−1 of cyclosporine (DT/CSA) by gavage. Ten dogs had progressive disease at 2 weeks, one dog died, and one dog was withdrawn from the study. Thirty‐nine dogs were given a second dose of DT/CSA, three each receiving a third or fourth dose. Eight dogs had a dose reduction (1.5 mg kg−1) and six dogs had treatment delays primarily for gastrointestinal toxicity. The overall response rate was 16.7% (8/48 had a partial response there were no complete responses). The highest response rate was seen in dogs with oral squamous cell carcinoma (50%; 6/12).
Dietary sodium loading impairs microvascular function independent of blood pressure in humans: role of oxidative stress
Authors: Greaney Jody L. , DuPont Jennifer J. , Lennon‐Edwards Shannon L. , Sanders Paul W. , Edwards David G. , Farquhar William B. 
Published: August 2012

Key points
Pre‐clinical studies suggest that acute dietary sodium loading impairs vascular function without alterations in blood pressure; however, human data are lacking.
In this study, normotensive salt‐resistant adults participated in a controlled feeding study, in which they consumed a low‐sodium diet for 1 week and a high‐sodium diet for 1 week, in random order. During each diet, microvascular function was assessed.
Here we report the novel finding of sodium‐induced impairments in microvascular function independent of blood pressure in healthy adults.
We additionally show that function was improved by the administration of the anti‐oxidant ascorbic acid.
Therefore, in addition to its well‐known importance for blood pressure control, lowering sodium intake may have beneficial effects on microvascular function in healthy normotensive adults.
Abstract  Animal studies have reported dietary salt‐induced reductions in vascular function independent of increases in blood pressure (BP). The purpose of this study was to determine if short‐term dietary sodium loading impairs cutaneous microvascular function in normotensive adults with salt resistance. Following a control run‐in diet, 12 normotensive adults (31 ± 2 years) were randomized to a 7 day low‐sodium (LS; 20 mmol day−1) and 7 day high‐sodium (HS; 350 mmol day−1) diet (controlled feeding study). Salt resistance, defined as a ≤5 mmHg change in 24 h mean BP determined while on the LS and HS diets, was confirmed in all subjects undergoing study (LS: 84 ± 1 mmHg vs. HS: 85 ± 2 mmHg; P > 0.05). On the last day of each diet, subjects were instrumented with two microdialysis fibres for the local delivery of Ringer solution and 20 mm ascorbic acid (AA). Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to measure red blood cell flux during local heating‐induced vasodilatation (42°C). After the established plateau, 10 mm l‐NAME was perfused to quantify NO‐dependent vasodilatation. All data were expressed as a percentage of maximal cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) at each site (28 mm sodium nitroprusside; 43°C). Sodium excretion increased during the HS diet (P < 0.05). The plateau % CVCmax was reduced during HS (LS: 93 ± 1 % CVCmax vs. HS: 80 ± 2 % CVCmax; P < 0.05). During the HS diet, AA improved the plateau % CVCmax (Ringer: 80 ± 2 % CVCmax vs. AA: 89 ± 3 % CVCmax; P < 0.05) and restored the NO contribution (Ringer: 44 ± 3 % CVCmax vs. AA: 59 ± 6 % CVCmax; P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that dietary sodium loading impairs cutaneous microvascular function independent of BP in normotensive adults and suggest a role for oxidative stress.
Substitutions at Position 105 in SHV Family β-Lactamases Decrease Catalytic Efficiency and Cause Inhibitor Resistance
Authors: Li Mei , Conklin Benjamin C. , Taracila Magdalena A. , Hutton Rebecca A. , Skalweit Marion J. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Ambler position 105 in class A β-lactamases is implicated in resistance to clavulanic acid, although no clinical isolates with mutations at this site have been reported. We hypothesized that Y105 is important in resistance to clavulanic acid because changes in positioning of the inhibitor for ring oxygen protonation could occur. In addition, resistance to bicyclic 6-methylidene penems, which are interesting structural probes that inhibit all classes of serine β-lactamases with nanomolar affinity, might emerge with substitutions at position 105, especially with nonaromatic substitutions. All 19 variants of SHV-1 with variations at position 105 were prepared. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that
Escherichia coli
DH10B expressing Y105 variants retained activity against ampicillin, except for the Y105L variant, which was susceptible to all β-lactams, similar to the case for the host control strain. Several variants had elevated MICs to ampicillin-clavulanate. However, all the variants remained susceptible to piperacillin in combination with a penem inhibitor (MIC, ≤2/4 mg/liter). The Y105E, -F, -M, and -R variants demonstrated reduced catalytic efficiency toward ampicillin compared to the wild-type (WT) enzyme, which was caused by increased

K
m

. Clavulanic acid and penem

K
i

values were also increased for some of the variants, especially Y105E. Mutagenesis at position 105 in SHV yields mutants resistant to clavulanate with reduced catalytic efficiency for ampicillin and nitrocefin, similar to the case for the class A carbapenemase KPC-2. Our modeling analyses suggest that resistance is due to oxyanion hole distortion. Susceptibility to a penem inhibitor is retained although affinity is decreased, especially for the Y105E variant. Residue 105 is important to consider when designing new inhibitors.
Body heat storage during intermittent work in hot–dry and warm–wet environments
Authors: Stapleton Jill M. , Wright Heather E. , Hardcastle Stephen G. , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: August 2012

We examined heat balance using an American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists threshold limit value allocated exercise protocol in hot–dry (HD; 46 °C, 10% relative humidity (RH)) and warm–wet (WW; 33 °C, 60% RH) environments of equivalent WBGT (29 °C) for different clothing ensembles. Whole-body heat exchange and changes in body heat content (ΔHb) were measured using simultaneous direct whole-body and indirect calorimetry. Eight males performed six 15-min cycling periods at a constant rate of metabolic heat production (360 W) interspersed by 5-min rest periods for six experimental trials: HD and WW environments for a seminude control (CON), modified work uniform (MWU, moisture permeable top and work pants), and standard work uniform (SWU, work coveralls and cotton undergarments). Whole-body evaporative and dry heat exchange, rectal temperature (Tre), and heart rate were measured continuously. The cumulative ΔHb during the 2 h intermittent exercise protocol was similar between HD and WW environments for each of the clothing ensembles (CON, 387 ± 55 vs. 435 ± 49 kJ; MWU, 485 ± 58 vs. 531 ± 61 kJ; SWU, 585 ± 74 vs. 660 ± 54 kJ, respectively). Similarly, no differences in Tre (CON, 37.67 ± 0.07 vs. 37.48 ± 0.08 °C; MWU, 37.73 ± 0.08 vs. 37.53 ± 0.09 °C; SWU, 38.01 ± 0.09 vs. 37.94 ± 0.05 °C) or heat rate (CON, 93 ± 3 vs. 84 ± 3 beats·min–1; MWU, 102 ± 5 vs. 95 ± 9 beats·min–1; SWU, 119 ± 8 vs. 110 ± 9 beats·min–1) were observed at the end of the 2 h intermittent exercise protocol in HD vs. WW environments, respectively. We showed similar levels of thermal and cardiovascular strain for intermittent work performed in high heat stress conditions of varying environmental conditions but similar WBGT.
Quercetin alters energy metabolism in swimming mice
Authors: Wu Jianquan , Gao Weina , Wei Jingyu , Yang Jijun , Pu Lingling , Guo Changjiang 
Published: August 2012

Quercetin has been demonstrated to be effective in increasing physical endurance in mice and humans. However, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. In this study, male Kunming mice were fed a diet containing 0.1% quercetin for 14 days before swimming for 60 min. The overall serum metabolic profile was investigated by a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic approach. Serum glucose, lactate, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), as well as hepatic and muscular glycogen were measured biochemically. The results of metabolomic analysis showed that swimming induced a significant change in serum metabolic profile. Relative increases in the levels of lactate, alanine, low-density lipoprotein–very low-density lipoprotein, and unsaturated fatty acids, and decreases in choline, phosphocholine, and glucose were observed after swimming. With quercetin supplementation, these changes were attenuated. The results of biochemical assays were consistent with the data obtained from metabolomic analysis, in that serum NEFA was increased while lactate and NPN decreased after exposed to quercetin in swimming mice. Similar change in NEFA was also found in liver and gastrocnemius muscle tissues. Our current findings suggest that quercetin alters energy metabolism in swimming mice and increased lipolysis may contribute to the actions of quercetin on physical endurance.
Alterations in energy balance following exenatide administration
Authors: Bradley David P. , Kulstad Roger , Racine Natalie , Shenker Yoram , Meredith Melissa , Schoeller Dale A. 
Published: August 2012

Exenatide is a medication similar in structure and effect to native glucagon-like peptide-1, an incretin hormone with glucose-lowering properties. The aim of the study was to measure the change in total energy expenditure (TEE) and body composition during exenatide administration and by deduction the relative contributions of energy expenditure and energy intake to exenatide-induced weight loss. Forty-five obese (body mass index, 30–40 kg·m–2) subjects were identified. After exclusion criteria application, 28 subjects entered into the study and 18 subjects (12 female, 6 male) completed the study, which consisted of 6 visits over 14 weeks and injection of exenatide for an average of 84 ± 5 days. Respiratory gas analysis and doubly labeled water measurements were performed before initiation of exenatide and after approximately 3 months of exenatide administration. The average weight loss from the beginning of injection period to the end of the study in completed subjects was 2.0 ± 2.8 kg (p = 0.01). Fat mass declined by 1.3 ± 1.8 kg (p = 0.01) while the fat-free mass trended downward but was not significant (0.8 ± 2.2 kg, p = 0.14). There was no change in weight-adjusted TEE (p = 0.20), resting metabolic rate (p = 0.51), or physical activity energy expenditure (p = 0.38) and no change in the unadjusted thermic effect of a meal (p = 0.37). The significant weight loss because of exenatide administration was thus the result of decreasing energy intake. In obese nondiabetic subjects, exenatide administration did not increase TEE and by deduction the significant weight loss and loss of fat mass was due to decreased energy intake.
Hydration status and fluid and sodium balance in elite Canadian junior women’s soccer players in a cool environment
Authors: Gibson Jennifer C. , Stuart-Hill Lynneth A. , Pethick Wendy , Gaul Catherine A. 
Published: August 2012

Dehydration can impair mental and on-field performance in soccer athletes; however, there is little data available from the female adolescent player. There is a lack of research investigating fluid and electrolyte losses in cool temperatures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the pretraining hydration status, fluid balance, and sweat sodium loss in 34 female Canadian junior elite soccer athletes (mean age ± SD, 15.7 ± 0.7 years) in a cool environment. Data were collected during two 90 min on-field training sessions (9.8 ± 3.3 °C, 63% ± 12% relative humidity). Prepractice urine specific gravity (USG), sweat loss (pre- and post-training body mass), and sweat sodium concentration (regional sweat patch method) were measured at each session. Paired t tests were used to identify significant differences between training sessions and Pearson’s product moment correlation analysis was used to assess any relationships between selected variables (p ≤ 0.05). We found that 45% of players presented to practice in a hypohydrated state (USG > 1.020). Mean percent body mass loss was 0.84% ± 0.07% and sweat loss was 0.69 ± 0.54 L. Although available during each training session, fluid intake was low (63.6% of players consumed <250 mL). Mean sweat sodium concentration was 48 ± 12 mmol·L–1. Despite low sweat and moderate sodium losses, players did not drink enough to avoid mild fluid and sodium deficits during training. The findings from this study highlights the individual variations that occur in hydration management in athletes and thus the need for personalized hydration guidelines.
An Estimate of the Lorenz Energy Cycle for the World Ocean Based on the STORM/NCEP Simulation
Authors: Storch Jin-Song von , Eden Carsten , Fast Irina , Haak Helmuth , Hernández-Deckers Daniel , Maier-Reimer Ernst , Marotzke Jochem , Stammer Detlef 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
This paper presents an estimate of the oceanic Lorenz energy cycle derived from a simulation forced by 6-hourly fluxes obtained from NCEP–NCAR reanalysis-1. The total rate of energy generation amounts to 6.6 TW, of which 1.9 TW is generated by the time-mean winds and 2.2 TW by the time-varying winds. The dissipation of kinetic energy amounts to 4.4 TW, of which 3 TW originate from the dissipation of eddy kinetic energy. The energy exchange between reservoirs is dominated by the baroclinic pathway and the pathway that distributes the energy generated by the time-mean winds. The former converts 0.7 to 0.8 TW mean available potential energy to eddy available potential energy and finally to eddy kinetic energy, whereas the latter converts 0.5 TW mean kinetic energy to mean available potential energy.
This energy cycle differs from the atmospheric one in two aspects. First, the generation of the mean kinetic and mean available potential energy is each, to a first approximation, balanced by the dissipation. The interaction of the oceanic general circulation with mesoscale eddies is hence less crucial than the corresponding interaction in the atmosphere. Second, the baroclinic pathway in the ocean is facilitated not only by the surface buoyancy flux but also by the winds through a conversion of 0.5 TW mean kinetic energy to mean available potential energy. In the atmosphere, the respective conversion is almost absent and the baroclinic energy pathway is driven solely by the differential heating.
Differences in signaling through the B-cell leukemia oncoprotein CRLF2 in response to TSLP and through mutant JAK2
Authors: van Bodegom Diederik , Zhong Jun , Kopp Nadja , Dutta Chaitali , Kim Min-Sik , Bird Liat , Weigert Oliver , Tyner Jeffrey , Pandey Akhilesh , Yoda Akinori , Weinstock David M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractApproximately 10% of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (B-ALLs) overexpress the cytokine receptor subunit CRLF2, which may confer a poor prognosis. CRLF2 binds its ligand thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) as a heterodimer with IL7R. Subsets of CRLF2-overexpressing B-ALLs also have a gain-of-function CRLF2 F232C mutation or activating mutations in JAK2. Whether these mutant alleles confer differences in signaling has not been addressed. Through a domain mutation analysis, we demonstrate a distinct dependence on the CRLF2 intracellular tyrosine Y368 in signaling by CRLF2 F232C, but not signaling induced by TSLP or through CRLF2/mutant JAK2. In contrast, CRLF2 signaling in each context is strictly dependent on both the CRLF2 box1 domain and the intracellular tryptophan W286. Using a global quantitative analysis of tyrosine phosphorylation induced by TSLP, we previously identified TSLP-induced phosphorylation of multiple kinases implicated in B-cell receptor signaling, including Lyn, Btk, Hck, Syk, MAPK8, MAPK9, and MAPK10. We now demonstrate that cells dependent on CRLF2/mutant JAK2 have reduced phosphorylation at these targets, suggesting that the kinases promote TSLP-mediated proliferation but serve as negative regulators of CRLF2/mutant JAK2 signaling. Thus, targetable nodes downstream of CRLF2 differ based on the presence or absence of additional mutations in CRLF2 signaling components.
Characterization of bovine FUT7 furthers understanding of FUT7 evolution in mammals
Authors: Laporte Benoît , Petit Daniel , Rocha Dominique , Boussaha Mekki , Grohs Cécile , Maftah Abderrahman , Petit Jean-Michel 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background
The Sialyl-Lewis X (Slex) is a well-known glycan structure involved in leukocyte homing and recruitment to inflammatory sites. SLex is well conserved among species and is mainly synthesized by FucT-VII in vertebrates. The enzyme responsible for its biosynthesis in cattle was not known.

Results
We cloned a cDNA sequence encoding bovine α3-fucosyltransferase VII that shares 83% identity with its human counterpart. Located at the BTA 11 telomeric region, the 1029 bp open reading frame is spread over two different exons, E1 which also contains the unique 5’-untranslated region and E2 which includes the entire 3’-untranslated region. The bfut7 expression pattern is restricted to thymus and spleen. A single transcript leading to the synthesis of a 342 aa protein was identified. The encoded fucosyltransferase, produced as a recombinant enzyme in COS-1 cells, was shown to be specifically responsible for SLex synthesis in cattle. In addition, we showed that the gene promoter evolved from fish to mammals towards a complex system related to the immune system. But beyond the fact that the gene regulation seems to be conserved among mammals, we also identified 7 SNPs including 3 missense mutations in the coding region in a small panel of animals.

Conclusions
The FUT7 sequence was highly conserved as well as the specific activity of the encoded protein FucT-VII. In addition, our in silico promoter analysis and the high rate of polymorphism suggested that its function is evolving toward a complex system related to the immune system. Furthermore, comparing bovine to human and mouse sequences, it appeared that a decrease in gene regulation was correlated with an increase in mutation rate and wider tissue expression.
Kinetic Study of the Absorption of Carbon Dioxide by Aqueous Triethanolamine Solutions
Authors: La Rubia M. Dolores , Pacheco Rafael , Sánchez Antonio , López García Ana Belén , Sánchez Sebastián , Camacho Fernando 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In this work, the absorption of pure carbon dioxide by aqueous triethanolamine solutions (TEA) was studied in terms of the kinetic process. The process was made in a stirred tank reactor with a flat and known interfacial area, the operating variables being temperature (288 to 313 K) and concentration in the range 0.1-2.0 M. From the results, it was deduced that the absorption of pure carbon dioxide by aqueous triethanolamine takes place under isothermal conditions in which there is an instantaneous reaction regime at low concentrations, while at higher concentrations it takes place in a moderately fast reaction regime, following a first-order kinetic with respect to alkanolamine. In these conditions of concentrations and temperatures essayed, an expression for the constant kinetic was deduced.
Exploring synergies between academia and vaccine manufacturers: a pilot study on how to rapidly produce vaccines to combat emerging pathogens
Authors: Strecker Thomas , Uhlendorff Jennifer , Diederich Sandra , Lenz-Bauer Claudia , Trusheim Heidi , Roth Bernhard , Kolesnikova Larissa , Aepinus Christian , Dornow Reiner , Gerlach Jens , Matrosovich Mikhail , Valley Ulrich , Eickmann Markus , Becker Stephan 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background: In spring 2009, a new swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged in Mexico. During the following weeks the virus spread worldwide, prompting the World Health Organization to declare the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. Sustained human-to-human transmission and severe disease progression observed in some patients urged public health authorities to respond rapidly to the disease outbreak and vaccine manufacturers to develop pandemic influenza vaccines for mass distribution. With the onset of the pandemic we began to explore the potential of academic/industrial collaboration to accelerate the production of vaccines during an outbreak of an emerging virus by combining the use of an academic BSL-4 laboratory with the expertise of a commercial vaccine manufacturer.

Methods and results: To obtain virus seed stocks used for the production of a vaccine to combat the pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus (H1N1pdm), we followed various strategies: (i) optimization of cell culture conditions for growth of wild-type H1N1pdm isolates; (ii) classical reassortment of H1N1pdm and standard influenza vaccine donor strain PR8; and (iii) generation of corresponding reassortant viruses using reverse genetics. To ensure a rapid transition to production, the entire potential seed stock development process was carried out in a certified canine kidney suspension cell line (MDCK 33016-PF) under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) conditions.

Conclusions: The outcome of this study indicates that a combination of different experimental strategies is the best way to cope with the need to develop vaccines rapidly in the midst of an emerging pandemic.