bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Comorbidities, Nutritional Markers, and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Youth With ARFID
Authors: Burton‐Murray Helen , Sella Aluma Chovel , Gydus Julia E. , Atkins Micaela , Palmer Lilian P. , Kuhnle Megan C. , Becker Kendra R. , Breithaupt Lauren E. , Brigham Kathryn S. , Aulinas Anna , Staller Kyle , Eddy Kamryn T. , Misra Madhusmita , Micali Nadia , Thomas Jennifer J. , Lawson Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAvoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is common among populations with nutrition‐related medical conditions. Less is known about the medical comorbidity/complication frequencies in youth with ARFID. We evaluated the medical comorbidities and metabolic/nutritional markers among female and male youth with full/subthreshold ARFID across the weight spectrum compared with healthy controls (HC).MethodIn youth with full/subthreshold ARFID (n = 100; 49% female) and HC (n = 58; 78% female), we assessed self‐reported medical comorbidities via clinician interview and explored abnormalities in metabolic (lipid panel and high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein [hs‐CRP]) and nutritional (25[OH] vitamin D, vitamin B12, and folate) markers.ResultsYouth with ARFID, compared with HC, were over 10 times as likely to have self‐reported gastrointestinal conditions (37% vs. 3%; OR = 21.2; 95% CI = 6.2–112.1) and over two times as likely to have self‐reported immune‐mediated conditions (42% vs. 24%; OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.1–4.9). ARFID, compared with HC, had a four to five times higher frequency of elevated triglycerides (28% vs. 12%; OR = 4.0; 95% CI = 1.7–10.5) and hs‐CRP (17% vs. 4%; OR = 5.0; 95% CI = 1.4–27.0) levels.DiscussionSelf‐reported gastrointestinal and certain immune comorbidities were common in ARFID, suggestive of possible bidirectional risk/maintenance factors. Elevated cardiovascular risk markers in ARFID may be a consequence of limited dietary variety marked by high carbohydrate and sugar intake.
Shared Genetic Influences Between Loss‐of‐Control Eating and Body Mass Index in Adolescent Twins
Authors: Matherne Camden E. , Qi Baiyu , Rhee Soo Hyun , Stallings Michael C. , Corley Robin P. , Hewitt John K. , Munn‐Chernoff Melissa A. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivePediatric loss‐of‐control (LOC) eating is associated with high BMI and predicts binge‐eating disorder and obesity onset with age. Research on the etiology of this common comorbidity has not explored the potential for shared genetic risk. This study examined genetic and environmental influences on LOC eating and its shared influence with BMI.MethodParticipants were 499 monozygotic and 398 same‐sex dizygotic twins (age = 17.38 years ± 0.67, BMIz = 0.03 ± 1.03, 54% female) from the Colorado Center for Antisocial Drug Dependence Study. LOC eating was assessed dichotomously. Self‐reported height and weight were converted to BMIz. Univariate and bivariate twin models estimated genetic and environmental influences on LOC eating and BMIz.ResultsMore girls (21%) than boys (9%, p < 0.001) reported LOC eating. The phenotypic correlation with BMIz was 0.03 in girls and 0.18 in boys. Due to the nonsignificant phenotypic correlation in girls, bivariate twin models were fit in boys only. Across all models, the best‐fitting model included genetic and unique environmental effects. Genetic factors accounted for 0.51 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.73) of the variance of LOC eating in girls and 0.54 (0.18, 0.90) in boys. The genetic correlation between LOC eating and BMIz in boys was 0.45 (0.15, 0.75).DiscussionFindings indicate moderate heritability of LOC eating in adolescence, while emphasizing the role of unique environmental factors. In boys, LOC eating and BMIz share a proportion of their genetic influences.
Optical cavity type of sensor elements for a wide range of hydrogen gas detection
Authors: Yamane Haruki , Yanase Satoshi , Takahashi Koki , Seko Nobuya , Shigemura Koji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe have demonstrated a wide range of hydrogen gas detection from 200 ppm to 100% at room temperature by using optical cavity type of sensor elements with polarization interference. This explosion‐proof type of sensor element provides a hydrogen monitoring system in flammable environments for gaseous fuels.
Redox‐Driven Logic Gates Based on Intramolecular Weak Interactions in Pyridyl‐Containing Diarylnitroxides
Authors: Levitskiy Oleg A. , Prolubshikov Igor V. , Bogdanov Alexey V. , Magdesieva Tatiana V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA new stable diarylnitroxide with two 2‐pyridyl groups in the ortho‐positions of the phenyl rings, in the close vicinity to the NO fragment, was obtained. Conformational flexibility of the molecule provides stimuli‐responsive reversible on/off switching of the intramolecular interactions, stabilizing the oxidized and reduced states of the nitroxide (due to the n‐π* interaction and the intramolecular H‐bonding, respectively) and giving rise to novel properties. The intrinsic electrofluorochromism of the oxoammonium cation rigidified by the intramolecular N−O bond between the pyridyl lone pair and the O atom was first disclosed. Structural simplicity and facile synthesis of the diarylnitroxide make it promising for creating novel types of redox‐switchable molecular logic gates.
Organocatalysis for Enantioselective Decarboxylative Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
Authors: Yasukawa Naoki , Nakamura Shuichi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe catalytic decarboxylation of malonic acid half oxy‐ and thioesters, β‐ketocarboxylic acids, and their related compounds is a straightforward, powerful, and atom‐economical strategy for the in‐situ formation of enolates, which are important and well‐studied synthons for various functional materials and natural products. This strategy, inspired by the biosynthesis of polyketides and fatty acids, is an attractive method for synthesizing enols from carboxyl compounds with less reactive α‐hydrogen atoms under mild conditions. In addition, these reactions are environmentally friendly and are of great interest to chemists because the use of a stoichiometric amount of base can be avoided, and the only byproduct is CO2. Thus far, remarkable progress has been made, especially in the field of organocatalytic enantioselective decarboxylation reactions, allowing for the stereocontrolled formation of new C−H, C−C, C−heteroatom, and C−X bonds. This review provides a comprehensive overview of organocatalytic enantioselective decarboxylation reactions and highlights the significant progress made since 2020. In particular, it focuses on chiral catalyst systems and transition states as key parameters for decarboxylation reactions.
Cyclic Nitronates via Sugar‐Derived Nitroalkenes in a Hetero‐Diels‐Alder/[3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement Pathway
Authors: Vazquez Darián , Spanevello Rolando A. , Sarotti Ariel M. , Mangione María I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDiels‐Alder between nitroalkenes derived from a sugar scaffold and cyclopentadiene were examined. Depending on chemical structure of nitroalkene and polarity of solvent used, the reaction proceeded via the formation of a nitronate intermediate. Cyclic nitronates highly functionalized were obtained as chemically stable and stereochemically pure compounds. [3,3] sigmatropic shift of these ones afforded the Diels Alder cycloadducts in quantitative yield. Mechanistic aspects of reaction between nitroalkenes and cyclopentadiene has been studied using DFT computational methods. Nitronate derivatives are attractive intermediates and open the way for the construction of valuable compounds with potential applications.
Evaluating the bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of polyphenols extracted from vegetables by‐product
Authors: Mahajan Anwesha , Sharma Paras , Goudar Giridhar , Gogoi Pallabika , Ananthan Rajendran , Kalpuri Subhash , Longvah Thingnganing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe processing of vegetables generates by‐products that are abundant in polyphenols and antioxidants. However, they degrade rapidly due to poor management and a short life expectancy. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of in vitro digestion (IVD) on the phenolic compositions, antioxidant properties, and polyphenolic profile of the beetroot pomace (BP), carrot pomace (CP), and tomato pomace (TP) by‐products. The results showed a reduction in phenolic compositions for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and total proanthocyanidin content (TPAC), which ranged between 27.55% and 63.34%, 16.38% and 31.43%, 32.58% and 77.41%, and 28.81% and 60.78%, after IVD, respectively. Similarly, antioxidant activity evaluated by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS•+), Ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), metal chelating activity (MCA), and reducing power (RP), also showed a reduction. High‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC‐DAD) analysis of individual polyphenols varied widely for free and bound phenolic fractions of samples. Among the polyphenolic fractions, catechin (CAT) and protocatechuic acid (PCA) were the highest in BP and CP, respectively in free forms, has shown to be increased after gastrointestinal digestion. Naringenin (NAR) was recorded with the highest both in their free and bound forms in TP and reduced postdigestion. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report to evaluate the effect of IVD on free and bound individual polyphenolic content in evaluated samples.
Zinc‐mediated efficient and environmentally benign synthesis of salicylate esters
Authors: Taşdemir Harun , Traş Semih , Çat Yesim , Gürer Sonay , Sağırlı Akın 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConsiderable synthetic effort has been devoted to acid‐ or base‐catalysed transesterification of alkyl salicylate with alcohol in order to synthesize salicylate esters efficiently. In this study, the transesterification of methyl salicylate with 12 different alcohols was carried out by the use of Zn dust as a catalyst. Depending on the alcohol used in the transesterification reaction, the completion of the reaction was within a range of 8–15 h at a temperature between 100 and 170°C. The use of Zn dust provided reusability and almost complete recovery with moderate to excellent yields (42%–97%). The structural elucidation of the products was performed using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and GC–MS data obtained from the Wiley GC/MS Library and the in‐house “Parkim Fragrance House GC/MS Library.”
Proteome‐wide association study using cis and trans variants and applied to blood cell and lipid‐related traits in the Women's Health Initiative study
Authors: Chen Brian D. , Lee Chanhwa , Tapia Amanda L. , Reiner Alexander P. , Tang Hua , Kooperberg Charles , Manson JoAnn E. , Li Yun , Raffield Laura M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn most Proteome‐Wide Association Studies (PWAS), variants near the protein‐coding gene (±1 Mb), also known as cis single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are used to predict protein levels, which are then tested for association with phenotypes. However, proteins can be regulated through variants outside of the cis region. An intermediate GWAS step to identify protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) allows for the inclusion of trans SNPs outside the cis region in protein‐level prediction models. Here, we assess the prediction of 540 proteins in 1002 individuals from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), split equally into a GWAS set, an elastic net training set, and a testing set. We compared the testing r2 between measured and predicted protein levels using this proposed approach, to the testing r2 using only cis SNPs. The two methods usually resulted in similar testing r2, but some proteins showed a significant increase in testing r2 with our method. For example, for cartilage acidic protein 1, the testing r2 increased from 0.101 to 0.351. We also demonstrate reproducible findings for predicted protein association with lipid and blood cell traits in WHI participants without proteomics data and in UK Biobank utilizing our PWAS weights.
A hydrologic signature approach to analysing wildfire impacts on overland flow
Authors: Bolotin L. A. , McMillan H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPost‐fire flooding and debris flows are often triggered by increased overland flow resulting from wildfire impacts on soil infiltration capacity and surface roughness. Increasing wildfire activity and intensification of precipitation with climate change make improving understanding of post‐fire overland flow a particularly pertinent task. Hydrologic signatures, which are metrics that summarize the hydrologic regime of watersheds using rainfall and runoff time series, can be calculated for large samples of watersheds relatively easily to understand post‐fire hydrologic processes. We demonstrate that signatures designed specifically for overland flow reflect changes to overland flow processes with wildfire that align with previous case studies on burned watersheds. For example, signatures suggest increases in infiltration‐excess overland flow and decrease in saturation‐excess overland flow in the first and second years after wildfire in the majority of watersheds examined. We show that climate, watershed and wildfire attributes can predict either post‐fire signatures of overland flow or changes in signature values with wildfire using machine learning. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), air temperature, amount of developed/undeveloped land, soil thickness and clay content were the most used predictors by well‐performing machine learning models. Signatures of overland flow provide a streamlined approach for characterizing and understanding post‐fire overland flow, which is beneficial for watershed managers who must rapidly assess and mitigate the risk of post‐fire hydrologic hazards after wildfire occurs.
Calcium accumulation or iron deposition: Delving into the temporal sequence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathophysiology in the primary motor cortex
Authors: Ghaderi Sadegh , Mohammadi Sana , Fatehi Farzad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) causes progressive motor neuron degeneration, but an in vivo understanding of its early pathology remains limited. A recent study used topographic layer imaging to investigate iron and calcium accumulation in the primary motor cortex (M1) of patients with ALS compared with controls. Despite the preserved cortical thickness, ALS patients showed increased iron in layer 6 and calcium accumulation in layer 5a and the superficial layer. Calcium accumulation was particularly prominent in the low‐myelin borders, potentially preceding the demyelination. This study reveals a novel in vivo pathology in ALS, suggesting that calcium dysregulation may precede iron accumulation and contribute to early M1 cell degeneration. Further investigation using quantitative susceptibility mapping and complementary techniques, such as diffusion kurtosis imaging, along with ultrahigh‐field magnetic resonance imaging, into the role of calcium and early intervention strategies is warranted.
KCa channel targeting impairs DNA repair and invasiveness of patient‐derived glioblastoma stem cells in culture and orthotopic mouse xenografts which only in part is predictable by KCa expression levels
Authors: Ganser Katrin , Stransky Nicolai , Abed Tayeb , Quintanilla‐Martinez Leticia , Gonzalez‐Menendez Irene , Naumann Ulrike , Koch Pierre , Krueger Marcel , Ruth Peter , Huber Stephan M. , Eckert Franziska 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrognosis of glioblastoma patients is still poor despite multimodal therapy. The highly brain‐infiltrating growth in concert with a pronounced therapy resistance particularly of mesenchymal glioblastoma stem‐like cells (GSCs) has been proposed to contribute to therapy failure. Recently, we have shown that a mesenchymal‐to‐proneural mRNA signature of patient derived GSC‐enriched (pGSC) cultures associates with in vitro radioresistance and gel invasion. Importantly, this pGSC mRNA signature is prognostic for patients' tumor recurrence pattern and overall survival. Two mesenchymal markers of the mRNA signature encode for IKCa and BKCa Ca2+‐activated K+ channels. Therefore, we analyzed here the effect of IKCa‐ and BKCa‐targeting concomitant to (fractionated) irradiation on radioresistance and glioblastoma spreading in pGSC cultures and in pGSC‐derived orthotopic xenograft glioma mouse models. To this end, in vitro gel invasion, clonogenic survival, in vitro and in vivo residual DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), tumor growth, and brain invasion were assessed in the dependence on tumor irradiation and K+ channel targeting. As a result, the IKCa‐ and BKCa‐blocker TRAM‐34 and paxilline, respectively, increased number of residual DSBs and (numerically) decreased clonogenic survival in some but not in all IKCa‐ and BKCa‐expressing pGSC cultures, respectively. In addition, BKCa‐ but not IKCa‐blockade slowed‐down gel invasion in vitro. Moreover, systemic administration of TRAM‐34 or paxilline concomitant to fractionated tumor irradiation increased in the xenograft model(s) residual number of DSBs and attenuated glioblastoma brain invasion and (numerically) tumor growth. We conclude, that KCa‐blockade concomitant to fractionated radiotherapy might be a promising new strategy in glioblastoma therapy.
Adolescent maternal mortality at a district health services over a five year period in South Africa: A retrospective study
Authors: Basu Jayati Kusari , Stewart Aimee , Feucht Ute , Wing Jeffrey , Basu Debashis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the trend in adolescent maternal deaths and deliveries over a period of 5 years and 9 months (July 2014–March 2020) at the Ekurhuleni Health District in South Africa.MethodsThe present study was a retrospective review and secondary data analysis using data from the District Health Information System and clinical oversight data from the District Clinical Specialist Team. The study population was adolescent pregnant women aged 10–19 years who died at health facilities. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis.ResultsThere was a total of 12 559 adolescent deliveries. Adolescent birth rate was lower than that of sub‐Saharan Africa. Adolescent deaths (n = 37) contributed to around 8% of the total maternal deaths. Deliveries (97%) and deaths (98%) were most common among women aged 15–19 years. Six (16%) women had a repeat pregnancy. A total of 21 (57%) had booked for antenatal care. There were few antenatal visits (mean 4 ± SD 2.1). The main three causes of death were hypertension (35%) followed by hemorrhage (24%) and suicide (14%). Postpartum deaths (62%) were significantly (chi‐square test, P = 0.02) higher than antepartum deaths (38%). The majority (73%) of newborns were born alive which was significantly (chi‐square test, P = 0.002) higher than those which were stillborn (27%).ConclusionThe main challenges were the high number of adolescent deliveries, repeat pregnancies, and preventable causes of death. Multidisciplinary collaboration involving obstetricians, midwives, pediatricians, school health services, social workers and psychologists is indispensable for comprehensive management, prioritizing pregnancy prevention among this vulnerable group.
Estimating the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the vadose zone with an automatic infiltration data logger for the BEST algorithm
Authors: Baqerkhani Alireza , Zare Abyaneh Hamid , Bahmani Omid , Nozari Hamed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOur study discusses the development and testing of an automated infiltration data logger device within the context of the Beerkan estimation of soil transfer parameters (BEST) algorithm. The main purpose of our study was to compare automated and manual data retrieval methods and their impact on the output results of the BEST algorithm. The device monitors the cumulative infiltration of water into the soil under a constant pressure water head, storing all relevant information. One notable advantage of this device is its ability to save electronic data. The device underwent a trial test at a farm in Kermanshah province, Iran. The BEST algorithm was used to calculate the saturated hydraulic conductivity using cumulative infiltration curves, and a comparison was made between the manual technique and the automated data logger infiltrometer method for extracting cumulative infiltration data. The average standard differences in the BEST algorithms between the manual method and the automated data collection method were 39% and 6%, respectively. An automated data logger infiltrometer offers benefits such as preventing soil surface disturbance, providing a constant water head for accurate calculations of hydraulic conductivity, improving measurement speed, reducing the time required for water penetration, enhancing data collection accuracy and not requiring a professional operator.
Efficient and Reliable Emergency Routing for Wireless Body Area Networks
Authors: Alte Bhavana , Vidhate Amarsinh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) is currently in progress with the aim of facilitating communication among small body sensors. This data can be employed to offer prompt or timely aid to individuals who are not just in a critical state but also those who are unable to promptly commute to medical facilities due to physical limitations, congested roadways, or their place of residence. Another crucial requirement for WBAN is their capability to deliver quality of service for diverse forms of network traffic. Privacy and system security are crucial to protecting patient records throughout use and storage by healthcare providers. This study introduces a novel emergency data handling method for emergency healthcare communication networks. Furthermore, the proposed system provides Reliable Emergency Routing to ensure secure transfer of emergency and non‐emergency WBAN data rewards are used to establish routes to securely transmit non‐emergency and emergency data in highly exposed situations while minimizing data loss and delay. Simulations showed that the recommended approach outperformed current protocols in energy consumption, latency, packet delivery ratio throughput, and communication overhead.
Extraction of collagen morphological features from second‐harmonic generation microscopy images viaGLCMandCTanalyses: A cross‐laboratory study
Authors: Cicchi R. , Baria E. , Mari M. , Filippidis G. , Chorvat D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSecond‐harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy provides a high‐resolution label‐free approach for noninvasively detecting collagen organization and its pathological alterations. Up to date, several imaging analysis algorithms for extracting collagen morphological features from SHG images—such as fiber size and length, order and anisotropy—have been developed. However, the dependence of extracted features on experimental setting represents a significant obstacle for translating the methodology in the clinical practice. We tackled this problem by acquiring SHG images of the same kind of collagenous sample in various laboratories using different experimental setups and imaging conditions. The acquired images were analyzed by commonly used algorithms, such as gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix or curvelet transform; the extracted morphological features were compared, finding that they strongly depend on some experimental parameters, whereas they are almost independent from others. We conclude with useful suggestions for comparing results obtained in different labs using different experimental setups and conditions.