bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NDVI, temperature and precipitation changes and their relationships with different vegetation types during 1998–2007 in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Chuai X. W. , Huang X. J. , Wang W. J. , Bao G. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTBased on vegetation maps of Inner Mongolia, SPOT‐VEGETATION normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, and temperature and precipitation data from 118 meteorological stations, this study analysed changes in NDVI, temperature and precipitation, and performed correlation analyses of NDVI, temperature and precipitation for eight different vegetation types during the growing seasons (April–October) of the period 1998–2007 in Inner Mongolia, China. We also investigated seasonal correlations and lag‐time effects, and our results indicated that for different vegetation types, NDVI changes during 1998–2007 showed great variation. NDVI correlated quite differently with temperature and precipitation, with obvious seasonal differences. Lag‐time effects also varied among vegetation types and seasons. On the whole, Inner Mongolia is becoming warmer, and drier for most regions, and ecological pressure in Inner Mongolia is increasing, and our focus on such issues is therefore important. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Delipidating effect of resveratrol metabolites in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Lasa Arrate , Churruca Itziar , Eseberri Itziar , Andrés‐Lacueva Cristina , Portillo María P. 
Published: September 2012

ScopeDue to the low bioavailability of resveratrol, determining whether its metabolites exert any beneficial effect is an interesting issue.Methods and results3T3‐L1 maturing pre‐adipocytes were treated from day 0 to day 8 of differentiation and mature adipocytes for 24 h on day 12 with 1, 10, or 25 μM of resveratrol or its metabolites. Triacylglycerols were assessed by spectrophotometry and gene expression by real time RT‐PCR. Resveratrol, trans‐resveratrol‐4′‐O‐glucuronide and trans‐resveratrol‐3‐O‐sulfate reduced triacylglycerol content in maturing pre‐adipocytes at 25 μM. In mature adipocytes, both resveratrol and its glucuronide metabolites, though not sulfate metabolite, reduced triacylglycerol content, although resveratrol was more effective than them. Resveratrol and the three metabolites reduced C/EBPβ mRNA levels. Trans‐resveratrol‐3‐O‐sulfate also reduced C/EBP‐α, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPAR‐γ), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression. In mature adipocytes, resveratrol increased ATGL, CPT‐1, deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT‐1), and PGC1‐α expression. Trans‐resveratrol‐3‐O‐glucuronide reduced mRNA levels of FASN and increased those of SIRT‐1. Trans‐resveratrol‐4′‐O‐glucuronide increased HSL and SIRT‐1 mRNA levels. Trans‐resveratrol‐3‐O‐sulfate did not change gene expression.ConclusionThe present study shows for the first time the delipidating effect of (i) resveratrol metabolites in maturing pre‐adipocytes and (ii) glucuronide metabolites in mature adipocytes. This suggests that both resveratrol and resveratrol metabolites may be involved in the anti‐obesity effect of this polyphenol.
Forced vertical and horizontal movements of a rectangular rigid foundation on a transversely isotropic half‐space
Authors: Eskandari‐Ghadi Morteza , Ardeshir‐Behrestaghi Azizollah , Pak Ronald Y. S. , Karimi Mostafa , Momeni‐Badeleh Masoud 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYAn analytical investigation of a half‐space containing transversely isotropic material under forced vertical and horizontal displacements applied on a rectangular rigid foundation is presented in this paper. With the goal of a rigorous solution to the shape‐ and rigidity‐ induced singular mixed boundary value problem, the formulation employs scalar potential representation, the Fourier expansion and the Hankel integral transforms method to obtain the surface arbitrary point‐load solution in cylindrical coordinate system. The obtained Green's functions are rewritten in rectangular coordinate system, allowing the response of the half‐space because of an arbitrary distributed load on a rectangular surface area be given in terms of a double integral. The numerical evaluations of stresses are done with the use of an element, which is singular at the edge and the corner of the rectangle. Upon the imposition of the rigidity displacement boundary condition for a rigid foundation and the use of a set of two‐dimensional adaptive‐gradient elements, which can capture the singular behavior in the contact stress effectively, a set of new numerical results are presented to illustrate the effect of transverse isotropy on the foundation response. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attitudes to prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy for 30 conditions among women in Saudi Arabia and the UK
Authors: Alsulaiman Ayman , Hewison Jenny , Abu‐Amero Khaled K. , Ahmed Shenaz , Green Josephine M. , Hirst Janet 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this research was to compare attitudes between women from different cultural and/or religious backgrounds toward prenatal diagnosis (PND) and termination of pregnancy (TOP) for 30 different conditions.MethodsA questionnaire examining parents' attitudes toward PND and TOP for 30 different conditions was completed by 100 Saudi, 222 UK‐White, and 198 UK‐Pakistani women. Comparison of overall attitudes with PND and TOP between groups was carried out, and a total score reflecting attitudes was obtained.ResultsIn general, there were positive attitudes toward PND among the three groups surveyed. The attitudes of Saudi and UK‐Pakistani women toward PND were more favorable than UK‐White women. Overall, acceptance of TOP was lower than for PND. For the majority of conditions, acceptance of TOP was highest in Saudi women and lowest in UK‐Pakistani women.ConclusionAttitudes toward TOP were significantly different between the three groups and may be influenced by cultural and/or religious factors. Availability of social services, genetic counseling, and rehabilitation centers may also influence attitude toward PND and TOP. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study on the mismatch effect due to the use of different photovoltaic modules classes in large‐scale solar parks
Authors: Massi Pavan Alessandro , Mellit Adel , De Pieri Davide , Lughi Vanni 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a study on the mismatch effect due to the use of different photovoltaic (PV) modules classes in large‐scale solar parks is presented. For this purpose, a new model for simulating current–voltage and power–voltage characteristics is introduced. The model is then applied for calculating mismatch losses in a number of case studies for a PV plant built in Bari, southern Italy. First, in order to test the effectiveness of the model, this is applied to homogeneous strings and field showing that the mismatch losses are zero. Subsequently, the use of inhomogeneous strings (i.e. made of modules belonging to different power classes) is investigated. Finally, the behaviour of 1 MWp homogeneous and inhomogeneous PV fields is investigated, again with a focus on the mismatch effect. The operational conditions have been introduced starting from the definition of European efficiency. The use of standard test conditions can in fact lead to gross approximations because mismatch losses depend, as well as, on PV module characteristics, electrical connections and electrical architecture, also on the location of the PV system. The results presented in this work can be used both by PV system designers for carrying out yield calculations, and by operation and maintenance personnel for substituting modules during operation without compromising the productivity of the plant. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychopathy and deception detection
Authors: Martin Krystle , Leach Amy‐May 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTResearchers have found that most people have difficulty detecting deception; however, certain individuals are able to consistently detect deception above the level of chance. This study examined whether psychopathic traits are related to deception detection. Undergraduate participants (n = 117) indicated whether individuals in video clips were lying or telling the truth and completed a measure of psychopathy. Overall, participants' performance was significantly greater than chance. Scores on the psychopathy measure were unrelated to participants' performance and their confidence on the lie detection task. Possible explanations for the findings are briefly discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bronchoscopy and airway management in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS)
Authors: Muhlebach Marianne S. , Shaffer Christopher B. , Georges Linda , Abode Kathy , Muenzer Joseph 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntroductionMucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders characterized by tissue deposition of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Their musculoskeletal abnormalities and the GAG storage in the airway result in increased risk for patients undergoing anesthesia. This study evaluates a multi‐disciplinary airway management approach and reports upper and lower airway findings of flexible bronchoscopy performed during these procedures.MethodsThis is a retrospective study over 10 years evaluating approaches to and outcomes of airway management and bronchoscopic findings in this patient group.ResultsThirty‐one patients underwent a total of 105 anesthetic events of which 74 involved multiple surgical services. The majority of patients were either MPS I (n = 9) or MPS II (n = 19). The median age was 8.6 years (range 1.1–24 years). Airway management by anesthesiologists alone occurred in 31 cases including natural airway (n = 7), perilaryngeal airway (n = 7), oral or nasal intubation (n = 7) or tracheostomy (n = 6) and emergent fiberoptic intubation in four cases. In 74 of the procedures, flexible bronchoscopy was performed which included fiberoptic intubation in 22 cases. Post‐operative complications occurred in eight cases mostly when prolonged airway instrumentation had occurred. The most frequent findings on bronchoscopy were GAG deposits/adenoid hypertrophy in 72%, laryngomalacia in 31% and lower airway deposits and/or tracheobronchomalacia in 46% of procedures. Deposits of GAG were seen in patients as young as 4 years of age.ConclusionOur experience demonstrates that a multidisciplinary approach and combined surgeries in MPS provides for safe airway management and allows diagnostic assessments for further patient care without added risks. Significant, multi‐factorial airway compromise may occur already in early childhood including upper and lower airway GAG deposits. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:601–607. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations: IV. colistimethate sodium
Authors: Young David C. , Zobell Jeffery T. , Waters C. Dustin , Ampofo Krow , Stockmann Chris , Sherwin Catherine M.T. , Spigarelli Michael G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPatients with cystic fibrosis (CF) often experience acute pulmonary exacerbations (APE) and may be treated with a wide variety of intravenous antibiotics. The aim of this review is to provide an evidence‐based summary of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD), tolerability, and efficacy studies utilizing the intravenous (IV) polymixin antibiotic colistimethate sodium (CMS) in the treatment of APE and to identify areas where further study is warranted. Currently, there is not an international standard on the labeling of CMS products. As a result, this has lead to confusion in the interpretation of the literature with respect to efficacy, tolerance, and optimal dosing strategy. The dosing ranges of IV CMS from the literature are 5.3–12.9 mg/kg/day, maximum 480 mg per day for 60 kg patient (Colomycin® injection‐European product) and 8–21.3 mg/kg/day, maximum 800 mg per day for 60 kg patient (Coly‐Mycin M® parenteral‐US product).The literature supports a CMS dose of 8 mg/kg/day divided every 8 hr (maximum 480 mg/day) for the treatment of APE secondary to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The maximum recommended CMS dose of 480 mg/day is less than is recommended by the FDA‐approved and CFF dosing guidelines but in agreement with UK CF Trust Antibiotic Working Group recommendations. There is debate over the frequency of CMS administration (once daily vs. thrice‐daily) and its impact on resistance and clinical efficacy. Further study is needed to determine the tolerability and efficacy of extended‐interval dosing of CMS in the treatment of APE. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:1–7. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Successful use of plasmapheresis for granulomatosis with polyangiitis presenting as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
Authors: Haupt Mark E. , Pires‐Ervoes John , Brannen Melissa L. , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa S. , Prestridge Adrienne L. , Nevin Mary A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDiffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is uncommon in pediatric patients and is a rare presenting sign of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). We present the case a 14‐year‐old girl who presented with respiratory failure secondary to DAH as the initial presenting sign of GPA. Her clinical course improved after initiation of plasmapheresis therapy and she is now in clinical remission. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:614–616. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations: II. cephalosporins and penicillins
Authors: Zobell Jeffery T. , Waters C. Dustin , Young David C. , Stockmann Chris , Ampofo Krow , Sherwin Catherine M.T. , Spigarelli Michael G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAcute pulmonary exacerbations (APE) are well‐described complications of cystic fibrosis (CF) and are associated with progressive morbidity and mortality. Despite aggressive management with two or more intravenous anti‐pseudomonal agents, approximately 25% of exacerbations will result in a loss of lung function. The aim of this review is to provide an evidence‐based summary of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD), tolerability, and efficacy studies utilizing anti‐pseudomonal cephalosporins (i.e., ceftazidime and cefepime) and penicillins (i.e., piperacillin–tazobactam and ticarcillin–clavulanate) in the treatment of APE and to identify areas where further study is warranted. The ceftazidime and cefepime dosing ranges from the literature are 200–400 mg/kg/day divided every 6–8 hr, maximum 8–12 g/day, and 150–200 mg/kg/day divided every 6–8 hr, up to 6–8 g/day, respectively. The literature supported dosing ranges for piperacillin and ticarcillin are 350–600 mg/kg/day divided every 4 hr, maximum 18–24 g/day of piperacillin component, and 400–750 mg/kg/day divided every 6 hr, up to 24–30 g/day of ticarcillin component, respectively. As a large portion of CF patients will not regain their lung function following an APE, we suggest the need to optimize antibiotic dosing and dosing regimens used to treat an APE in efforts to improve outcomes for CF patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Future studies are needed to determine the clinical efficacy of higher than FDA‐approved doses of ceftazidime, cefepime, and ticarcillin–clavulanate in APE. The usefulness of high dose piperacillin (>600 mg/kg/day) may be limited due to treatment‐related adverse effects. Further understanding of these adverse effects in CF patients is needed. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:107–122. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Susceptibility of Young and Adult Rats to the Oral Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yun , Chen Zhangjian , Ba Te , Pu Ji , Chen Tian , Song Yanshuang , Gu Yongen , Qian Qin , Xu Yingying , Xiang Kun , Wang Haifang , Jia Guang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTitanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have potential applications as food additives, but concerns persist about their safety. Children are identified as having the highest exposure and may face the greatest health risks. However, the toxicological sensitivity of TiO2 NPs in different ages is not clear. Here, a comparative toxicity study of TiO2 NPs in 3‐week (youth) and 8‐week (adult) old Sprague‐Dawley rats is reported following oral exposure at doses of 0, 10, 50, 200 mg kg−1 body weight per day for 30 days. The organ mass and histology, blood biochemistry and redox state, intestinal function, and biodistribution of NPs are characterized. The results show that TiO2 NPs induce different toxic effects on young and adult rats. The liver edema, heart injuries and non‐allergic mast cell activation in stomach tissues are found in young rats. On the other hand, only slight injury in the liver and kidney and decreased intestinal permeability and molybdenum contents are found in adult rats. Furthermore, TiO2 NP exposure can provoke reductive stress (i.e., increased reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratios) in plasmas through enhancing the glucose and GSH levels in young rats or reducing the glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) acitivity and GSSG levels in adult rats. These results suggest that different ages may require different biomarkers for identifying and monitoring oral toxicity of nanoparticles.
Optimum design of tower structures using Firefly Algorithm
Authors: Talatahari Siamak , Gandomi Amir Hossein , Yun Gun Jin 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThe Firefly Algorithm (FA) as a recent new meta‐heuristic optimization algorithm is developed for determining optimum design of tower shaped structures. The FA mimics the social behavior of fireflies, which communicate, search for pray and find mates using bioluminescence with varied flashing patterns. In this paper, an adaptive FA is presented that utilizes the feasible‐based method to handle constraints. This method is effective in improving the convergence and also suitable for expensive optimization tasks such as large‐scale structures. Three tower structures are selected to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. The results are better than the other results proposed in the literature and confirm the validity of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complex Text or Frustration‐Level Text: Using Shared Reading to Bridge the Difference
Authors: Dougherty Stahl Katherine A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractChallenging texts can be made accessible to students by increasing the level of instructional scaffolding. This article describes evidence‐based models of shared reading that support reading development across the elementary years. Shared Reading Experience (Holdaway, 1982), Fluency‐Oriented Reading Instruction (Stahl & Heubach, 2005), think‐alouds, and high‐level discussion enable students to successfully read texts that might be considered frustration level if relying upon traditional criteria for determining difficulty.
Social Justice and Religious Participation: A Qualitative Investigation of Christian Perspectives
Authors: Todd Nathan R. , Rufa Anne K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis investigation examines how self‐identified Christians in the Midwest U.S. understand and work for social justice, with a focus on their process of social justice development and the role of religious congregations in promoting social justice. Using a grounded theory analysis of 15 in‐depth interviews, results indicated multiple understandings of social justice such as meeting basic needs, fixing social structures and systems to create equal distributions of resources, promoting human rights and dignity, and as a religious responsibility. Participants also described a process of social justice development facilitated by exposure to injustice, mentors, educating others, and the importance of finding a social justice community. Distinct personal barriers to social justice engagement were identified such as resources and negative emotions, whereas congregational leadership was important for congregational involvement. General frustration with congregations was expressed regarding low social justice engagement; however, participants balanced this frustration with hope for the positive potential of congregations to promote social justice. Together these findings show multifaceted understandings of social justice and a dynamic process of social justice development for these self‐identified Christians. Implications for future research and partnership with religious individuals and congregations also are discussed.
Corticocancellous Olecranon Autograft for Metacarpal Defect Reconstruction: A Case Report
Authors: Babushkina Anna , Edwards Scott 
Published: September 2012

Background High-energy injuries to the hand frequently lead to bone defects as well as soft tissue loss. Early bone grafting of defects is well established in the literature; however, few options are available for autologous corticocancellous grafts. Most frequently cited studies describe the iliac crest or the distal radius donor sites. Methods In this case report, we describe a new technique of obtaining corticocancellous bone graft from the olecranon. Results Complete union of the segmental defect was achieved with this technique. Conclusions The olecranon donor site is outside the zone of injury and therefore safe to access, but within the upper extremity, thus avoiding the need for harvest from a distant site such as the iliac crest or the distal femur. Additional benefits of this site are the greater volume of graft that can be harvested compared to the distal radius as well as a more optimal ratio of cancellous to cortical graft available, compared to the iliac crest where the graft may be excessively cortical in nature.
Synthesis, Surface Properties, Synergism Parameter and Inhibitive Performance of Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactant on Carbon Steel Corrosion in 1 M HCl Solution
Authors: Hegazy Mohamed A. , El‐Tabei Aziza S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractElectrochemical and gravimetric measurements were performed to investigate the effectiveness of a synthesized cationic gemini surfactant as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution. The inhibition efficiency obtained from all methods are in good agreement. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that, the prepared surfactant hinders both anodic and cathodic processes, i.e. acted as mixed‐type inhibitor. It was found that the adsorption of the synthesized inhibitor followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and showed a mixed physical and chemical adsorption. Kinetic parameters were calculated and discussed. The inhibitor exhibited a synergistic effect with Sn2+ more than with Cu2+. The synthesized cationic gemini surfactant exhibited good surface properties.
Where Do I Come From? Using Student’s Mitochondrial DNA to Teach About Phylogeny, Molecular Clocks, and Population Genetics
Authors: Maroja Luana S. , Wilder Jason A. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Phylogenetic reconstruction, divergence times, and population genetics are critical concepts for a complete understanding of evolution. Unfortunately, students generally lack “tree-thinking” skills and are often unmotivated to explore these concepts using typical classroom exercises that feature taxa unknown to students or simulated datasets. To generate greater student interest, we have developed an affordable practical lab ($16 dollars per student) where students extract and sequence their own mtDNA and use it for exercises involving phylogenetic reconstruction (placement of own DNA into the world tree), divergence (speciation) time (comparing current student population with chimps, gorillas, and Neanderthal), and population genetics (demographic change calculation based on student’s sample). In contrast to traditional labs, we found that students were highly motivated and enthusiastic throughout the four-week activity. Students had a 100% rate of success in obtaining DNA sequences and their evaluations report high satisfaction with the learning outcome. Here we provide all details and datasets needed to run the lab and discuss a series of assessments and possible exercises.