bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, characteristics and risk factors for household and neighbourhood injury among young children in semiurban Ghana: a population-based household survey
Authors: Gyedu A , Nakua E K , Otupiri E , Mock C , Donkor P , Ebel B 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundThere are few population-based studies on household child injury in African countries.ObjectivesTo determine the incidence, characteristics and risk factors of household and neighbourhood injury among children in semiurban communities in Kumasi, Ghana.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional population-weighted survey of 200 randomly selected caregivers of children under 18, representing 6801 households. Caregivers were interviewed about moderate to severe childhood injuries occurring within the past 6 months, for which the child staying home from school or activity, and/or required medical care. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with injury risk.ResultsAnnual injury incidence was 593.5 injuries per 1000 children. Common causes of injury were falls (315.7 injuries per 1000 children), followed by cuts/lacerations and burns. Most injuries (93.8%) were of moderate severity. Children whose caregivers were hourly workers (AOR=1.97; 95% CI 1.06 to 3.68) had increased odds of sustaining an injury compared to those of unemployed caregivers. Girls had decreased odds of injury (AOR=0.59; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.91). Cooking outdoors (AOR=0.45; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.76) and presence of cabinet/cupboards (AOR=0.41; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.70) in the house were protective. Among children under 5 years of age, living in uncompleted accommodation was associated with higher odds of injury compared with living in a rented single room (AOR=3.67; 95% CI 1.17 to 11.48).ConclusionsThe incidence of household and neighbourhood child injury is high in semiurban Kumasi. We identified several novel injury risk factors (hourly work, younger children) and protective factors (cooking outdoors, presence of cabinet/cupboards). These data may identify priorities for household injury prevention.
Pregnancy outcomes among African–American patients with systemic lupus erythematosus compared with controls
Authors: Barnado April , Wheless Lee , Meyer Anna K , Gilkeson Gary S , Kamen Diane L 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveIn a study of Gullah African–Americans, we compared pregnancy outcomes before and after systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) diagnosis to controls to test whether there is a predisease state that negativelyaffects pregnancy outcomes.DesignCases and controls reporting at least one pregnancy were included. Controls were all Gullah African-American females. We collected demographic, socioeconomic and pregnancy data. We modelled pregnancy outcome associations with case status using multiple logistic regression to calculate ORs.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, years of education, medical coverage and pregnancy number, compared with controls, cases were more likely to have any adverse outcome (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.78 to 3.10), including stillbirth (OR 4.55, 95% CI 1.53 to 13.50), spontaneous abortion (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.40 to 3.00), preterm birth (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.58 to 4.20), low birth weight (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.61 to 4.34) and preeclampsia (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.01). The odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes all increased after SLE diagnosis compared with before diagnosis, even after adjustment for age, years of education, pregnancy number and medical coverage.ConclusionFrom a large cohort of African–American women, our findings suggest there may be a predisease state that predisposes to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Incidence and prevalence of lupus in Buenos Aires, Argentina: a 11-year health management organisation-based study
Authors: Scolnik M , Marin J , Valeiras S M , Marchese M F , Talani A S , Avellaneda N L , Etchepare A , Etchepare P , Plou M S , Soriano E R 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesStudies regarding the epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are lacking in Argentina. Our purpose was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of SLE in a university hospital-based health management organisation in Buenos Aires (HIMCP).MethodsFor incidence calculation, the population at risk included all adult members of the HIMCP, with continuous affiliation for at least 1 year from January 1998 to January 2009. Each person was followed until he/she voluntarily left the HIMCP, death or finalisation of the study. Multiple methods for case finding were used to ensure complete ascertainment: (a) patients with problem SLE, undifferentiated autoimmune disease or mixed connective tissue disease in the Computer-based Patient Record System, (b) patients with positive antinuclear antibody test, anti-Sm antibodies and/or anti-dsDNA antibodies in the laboratory database and (c) patients who consumed hydroxichloroquine, chloroquine, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, cyclosporine or rituximab, from the administrative HIMCP drugs database. Medical records of all patients found were reviewed, and only patients fulfilling ACR criteria for SLE were included. Global and gender incidence rate (IR) was calculated. Prevalence was estimated on 1 January 2009, and the denominator population was the number of active members >18 years at that date (n=127 959).ResultsIn the study period, 68 patients developed SLE. The observed IR (per 100 000 person-years, (CI 95%)) was 6.3 (4.9 to 7.7) for total population; 8.9 (CI 6.6 to 11.2) for women and 2.6 (1.2 to 3.9) for men. On 1 January 2009, 75 prevalent cases were identified. Prevalence rates (cases per 100 000 habitants, (CI 95%)) were 58.6 (46.1 to 73.5) for total population; 83.2 (63.9 to 106.4) for women and 23 (CI 11.9 to 40.1) for men.ConclusionsSLE incidence and prevalence rates in Argentina are in agreement with those of other studies from different parts of the world.
Ex-Post Equilibrium and VCG Mechanisms
Authors: Rozen Rakefet , Smorodinsky Rann 
Published: June 2014

Consider an abstract social choice setting with incomplete information, where the number of alternatives is large. Albeit natural, implementing VCG mechanisms is infeasible due to the prohibitive communication constraints. However, if players restrict attention to a subset of the alternatives, feasibility may be recovered.
This article characterizes the class of subsets that induce an ex-post equilibrium in the original game. It turns out that a crucial condition for such subsets to exist is the availability of a type-independent optimal social alternative for each player. We further analyze the welfare implications of these restrictions.
This work follows that of Holzman et al. [2004] and Holzman and Monderer [2004] where similar analysis is done for combinatorial auctions.
Rapid and Sustainable Detoxication of Airborne Pollutants by Broccoli Sprout Beverage: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial in China
Authors: Egner Patricia A. , Chen Jian-Guo , Zarth Adam T. , Ng Derek K. , Wang Jin-Bing , Kensler Kevin H. , Jacobson Lisa P. , Muñoz Alvaro , Johnson Jamie L. , Groopman John D. , Fahey Jed W. , Talalay Paul , Zhu Jian , Chen Tao-Yang , Qian Geng-Sun , Carmella Steven G. , Hecht Stephen S. , Kensler Thomas W. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Broccoli sprouts are a convenient and rich source of the glucosinolate, glucoraphanin, which can generate the chemopreventive agent, sulforaphane, an inducer of glutathione S-transferases (GST) and other cytoprotective enzymes. A broccoli sprout–derived beverage providing daily doses of 600 μmol glucoraphanin and 40 μmol sulforaphane was evaluated for magnitude and duration of pharmacodynamic action in a 12-week randomized clinical trial. Two hundred and ninety-one study participants were recruited from the rural He-He Township, Qidong, in the Yangtze River delta region of China, an area characterized by exposures to substantial levels of airborne pollutants. Exposure to air pollution has been associated with lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases. Urinary excretion of the mercapturic acids of the pollutants, benzene, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde, were measured before and during the intervention using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid and sustained, statistically significant (P ≤ 0.01) increases in the levels of excretion of the glutathione-derived conjugates of benzene (61%), acrolein (23%), but not crotonaldehyde, were found in those receiving broccoli sprout beverage compared with placebo. Excretion of the benzene-derived mercapturic acid was higher in participants who were GSTT1-positive than in the null genotype, irrespective of study arm assignment. Measures of sulforaphane metabolites in urine indicated that bioavailability did not decline over the 12-week daily dosing period. Thus, intervention with broccoli sprouts enhances the detoxication of some airborne pollutants and may provide a frugal means to attenuate their associated long-term health risks. Cancer Prev Res; 7(8); 813–23. ©2014 AACR.
Defining Key Signaling Nodes and Therapeutic Biomarkers in NF1-Mutant Cancers
Authors: Malone Clare F. , Fromm Jody A. , Maertens Ophélia , DeRaedt Thomas , Ingraham Rachel , Cichowski Karen 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
NF1 encodes a RAS GTPase-activating protein. Accordingly, aberrant RAS activation underlies the pathogenesis of NF1-mutant cancers. Nevertheless, it is unclear which RAS pathway components represent optimal therapeutic targets. Here, we identify mTORC1 as the key PI3K effector in NF1-mutant nervous system malignancies and conversely show that mTORC2 and AKT are dispensable. However, we find that tumor regression requires sustained inhibition of both mTORC1 and MEK. Transcriptional profiling studies were therefore used to establish a signature of effective mTORC1–MEK inhibition in vivo. We unexpectedly found that the glucose transporter GLUT1 was potently suppressed, but only when both pathways were inhibited. Moreover, unlike VHL- and LKB1-mutant cancers, reduction of 18F-FDG uptake required the suppression of both mTORC1 and MEK. Together, these studies identify optimal and suboptimal therapeutic targets in NF1-mutant malignancies and define a noninvasive means of measuring combined mTORC1–MEK inhibition in vivo, which can be readily incorporated into clinical trials.
Significance: This work demonstrates that mTORC1 and MEK are key therapeutic targets in NF1-mutant cancers and establishes a noninvasive biomarker of effective, combined target inhibition that can be evaluated in clinical trials. Cancer Discov; 4(9); 1062–73. ©2014 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 973
Mechanisms That Can Promote Peripheral B-cell Lymphoma in ATM-Deficient Mice
Authors: Tepsuporn Suprawee , Hu Jiazhi , Gostissa Monica , Alt Frederick W. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The Ataxia Telangiectasia–mutated (ATM) kinase senses DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and facilitates their repair. In humans, ATM deficiency predisposes to B- and T-cell lymphomas, but in mice it leads only to thymic lymphomas. We tested the hypothesis that increased DSB frequency at a cellular oncogene could promote B-cell lymphoma by generating ATM-deficient mice with a V(D)J recombination target (DJβ cassette) within c-myc intron 1 (“DA” mice). We also generated ATM-deficient mice carrying an Eμ-Bcl-2 transgene (AB mice) to test whether enhanced cellular survival could promote B-cell lymphomas. About 30% of DA or AB mice and nearly 100% of mice harboring the combined genotypes (DAB mice) developed mature B-cell lymphomas. In all genotypes, B-cell tumors harbored oncogenic c-myc amplification generated by breakage–fusion–bridge (BFB) from dicentric chromosomes formed through fusion of IgH V(D)J recombination–associated DSBs on chromosome 12 to sequences downstream of c-myc on chromosome 15. AB tumors demonstrate that B lineage cells harboring spontaneous DSBs leading to IgH/c-myc dicentrics are blocked from progressing to B-cell lymphomas by cellular apoptotic responses. DA and DAB tumor translocations were strictly linked to the cassette, but occurred downstream, frequently in a 6-kb region adjacent to c-myc that harbors multiple cryptic V(D)J recombination targets, suggesting that bona fide V(D)J target sequences may activate linked cryptic targets. Our findings indicate that ATM deficiency allows IgH V(D)J recombination DSBs in developing B cells to generate dicentric translocations that, via BFB cycles, lead to c-myc–activating oncogenic translocations and amplifications in mature B cells. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(9); 857–66. ©2014 AACR.
Assessing the Applicability of the Tropical Convective–Stratiform Paradigm in the Extratropics Using Radar Divergence Profiles
Authors: Homeyer Cameron R. , Schumacher Courtney , Hopper Larry J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Long-term radar observations from a subtropical location in southeastern Texas are used to examine the impact of storm systems with tropical or extratropical characteristics on the large-scale circulation. Climatological vertical profiles of the horizontal wind divergence are analyzed for four distinct storm classifications: cold frontal (CF), warm frontal (WF), deep convective upper-level disturbance (DC-ULD), and nondeep convective upper-level disturbances (NC-ULD). DC-ULD systems are characterized by weakly baroclinic or equivalent barotropic environments that are more tropical in nature, while the remaining classifications are representative of common midlatitude systems with varying degrees of baroclinicity. DC-ULD systems are shown to have the highest levels of nondivergence (LND) and implied diabatic heating maxima near 6 km, whereas the remaining baroclinic storm classifications have LND altitudes that are about 0.5–1 km lower. Analyses of climatological mean divergence profiles are also separated by rain regions that are primarily convective, stratiform, or indeterminate. Convective–stratiform separations reveal similar divergence characteristics to those observed in the tropics in previous studies, with higher altitudes of implied heating in stratiform rain regions, suggesting that the convective–stratiform paradigm outlined in previous studies is applicable in the midlatitudes. Divergence profiles that cannot be classified as primarily convective or stratiform are typically characterized by large regions of stratiform rain with areas of embedded convection of shallow to moderate extent (i.e., echo tops &lt;10 km). These indeterminate profiles illustrate that, despite not being very deep and accounting for a relatively small fraction of a given storm system, convection dominates the vertical divergence profile and implied heating in these cases.
The Equatorial Undercurrent and TAO Sampling Bias from a Decade at SEA
Authors: Leslie William R. , Karnauskas Kristopher B. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The NOAA Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) moored array has, for three decades, been a valuable resource for monitoring and forecasting El Niño–Southern Oscillation and understanding physical oceanographic as well as coupled processes in the tropical Pacific influencing global climate. Acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements by TAO moorings provide benchmarks for evaluating numerical simulations of subsurface circulation including the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). Meanwhile, the Sea Education Association (SEA) has been collecting data during repeat cruises to the central equatorial Pacific Ocean (160°–126°W) throughout the past decade that provide useful cross validation and quantitative insight into the potential for stationary observing platforms such as TAO to incur sampling biases related to the strength of the EUC. This paper describes some essential sampling characteristics of the SEA dataset, compares SEA and TAO velocity measurements in the vicinity of the EUC, shares new insight into EUC characteristics and behavior only observable in repeat cross-equatorial sections, and estimates the sampling bias incurred by equatorial TAO moorings in their estimates of the velocity and transport of the EUC. The SEA high-resolution ADCP dataset compares well with concurrent TAO measurements (RMSE = 0.05 m s−1; R2 = 0.98), suggests that the EUC core meanders sinusoidally about the equator between ±0.4° latitude, and reveals a mean sampling bias of equatorial measurements (e.g., TAO) of the EUC’s zonal velocity of −0.14 ± 0.03 m s−1 as well as a ~10% underestimation of EUC volume transport. A bias-corrected monthly record and climatology of EUC strength at 140°W for 1990–2010 is presented.
Association of serum omentin-1 concentrations with the presence and severity of preeclampsia
Authors: Liu Haiping , Wu Jianfeng , Wang Haiyu , Sheng Lianbing , Tang Ning , Li Yunfei , Hao Tianyu 
Published: June 2014

Background Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Omentin is a newly discovered adipokine that possesses an anti-inflammatory function. The aim of this study was to determine the association of serum omentin-1 concentration with the presence and severity of preeclampsia. Methods Serum concentrations of omentin-1 were measured in 128 women with preeclampsia and 96 women with uncomplicated pregnancies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results Patients with preeclampsia had significantly lower serum concentrations of omentin-1 compared to healthy controls. In addition, those patients with severe preeclampsia had significantly lower concentrations of serum omentin-1 compared to those with mild preeclampsia. Simple linear regression analysis showed that in patients with preeclampsia the serum concentrations of omentin-1 showed significant correlation with body mass index ( P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure ( P < 0.05) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Decreased concentrations of serum omentin-1 appear to be associated with the presence and severity of preeclampsia.
Olfactory hallucination in childhood primary headaches: Case series
Authors: Ahmed MAS , Donaldson Sarah , Akor Francis , Cahill Denise , Akilani Raed 
Published: June 2014

Background Although olfactory hallucination (OH) has been reported in patients with primary headaches, olfactory aura has not been recognised by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-2). In this study, we examined the frequency and characteristics of OH among children and adolescents with primary headaches. Methods 839 neurologically normal patients with primary headaches (537 migraine) were eligible for the assessment of olfactory hallucination. Headache diagnosis was based on the ICHD. Data were prospectively collected during clinic sessions and using headache diaries. Results Olfactory hallucination was reported exclusively during headache attacks by 21/839 (2.5%) patients, all of whom had migraine. The prevalence of olfactory hallucination was 3.9% among migraineurs (6.5% among those with migraine aura). Olfactory hallucination shortly followed the onset of headaches and lasted from 15 to 50 minutes. Of those with MA, 10 patients had visual aura; two had somatosensory aura; one had motor aura; and two had a combination of visual and somatosensory aura. Using the ICHD-2, both OH and migraine aura occurred in the same headache attacks. In 12/15 patients, OH occurred simultaneously with migraine aura, whereas in 3/12 patients, it preceded aura. Conclusion Our findings show that olfactory hallucination occurs in migraine and it has similarities to migraine aura.
Exploding head syndrome: Six new cases and review of the literature
Authors: Frese Achim , Summ Oliver , Evers Stefan 
Published: June 2014

Background Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is characterized by attacks of a sudden noise or explosive feeling experienced in the head occurring during the transition from wake to sleep or from sleep to wake. Methods We present six new cases extending the clinical experience with the syndrome. We also reviewed all available cases from the scientific literature and evaluated the typical features of EHS. Results The female to male ratio is 1.5 to 1. The median age at onset is 54. In average, one attack per day to one attack per week occurs. Some patients suffer from several attacks per night. In about half of all patients, a chronic time course can be observed but episodic or sporadic occurrence is also common. The most frequent accompanying symptoms beside the noise are fear and flashes of light. Polysomnographic studies do not reveal any specific sleep pattern associated with EHS. Tricyclic antidepressants are helpful in some patients. However, most patients do not need treatment because of the benign nature of the syndrome. Conclusion EHS is a well‐defined disease entity with a benign nature.
Apolipoprotein E Allele and Hearing Thresholds in Older Adults
Authors: Mener David J. , Betz Joshua , Yaffe Kristine , Harris Tamara B. , Helzner Elizabeth P. , Satterfield Suzanne , Houston Denise K. , Strotmeyer Elsa S. , Pratt Sheila R. , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Lin Frank R. 
Published: June 2014

Background: Whether apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 allele status which is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline is also associated with hearing impairment is unknown. Methods: We studied 1833 men and women enrolled in the Health, Aging and Body Composition study. Regression models adjusted for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors were used to assess the cross-sectional association of APOE-E4 status with individual pure tone hearing thresholds and the 4-frequency pure tone average (0.5-4 kHz) in the better hearing ear. Results: Compared to participants with no APOE-E4 alleles, participants with 1 allele had better thresholds at 4.0 kHz (β = −2.72 dB, P = .013) and 8.0 kHz (β = −3.05 kHz, P = .006), and participants with 2 alleles had better hearing thresholds at 1.0 kHz (β = −8.56 dB, P = .021). Conclusion: Our results suggest that APOE-E4 allele status may be marginally associated with better hearing thresholds in older adults.
Magnetic resonance imaging/angiography and transcranial Doppler velocities in sickle cell anemia: results from the SWiTCH trial
Authors: Helton Kathleen J. , Adams Robert J. , Kesler Karen L. , Lockhart Alex , Aygun Banu , Driscoll Catherine , Heeney Matthew M. , Jackson Sherron M. , Krishnamurti Lakshmanan , Miller Scott T. , Sarnaik Sharada A. , Schultz William H. , Ware Russell E. 
Published: June 2014

Key PointsChildren with SCA and stroke show severe parenchymal and vascular abnormalities that can be assessed using a vasculopathy grading scale. Results from the SWiTCH Trial support concerns about ineffectiveness of transfusion therapy in preventing cerebrovascular injury progression.