bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of serum anti‐Müllerian hormone in a mare with granulosa cell tumour following surgery and reinitiation of follicular activity
Authors: Gharagozlou F. , Youssefi R. , Akbarinejad V. , Masoudifard M. , Ashrafihelan J. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryAnti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) has been reported to be elevated in mares with granulosa cell tumour (GCT). An 8‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare was presented for not being observed in oestrus after the beginning of the breeding season. Rectal palpation and ultrasonography revealed enlargement and cystic appearance of the left ovary while the right ovary was small with an anoestrous‐like appearance. The AMH concentration was 694.9 ng/ml. Presumptively diagnosed with GCT, the mare was subjected to tumour removal. Histopathology confirmed GCT. To evaluate changes of AMH concentration following surgery, blood samples were collected immediately prior to surgery, and on Days 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 after surgery. Thereafter, blood samples were collected monthly and also at the time the mare was observed in oestrus (148 days after tumour removal). The AMH concentrations decreased over the first 2 months after surgery (from 721.2 ng/ml to 0.1 ng/ml). Subsequently, AMH concentration increased and peaked at the time of oestrus expression (0.7 ng/ml). The mare then became anoestrous, and AMH concentration decreased and reached 0.2 ng/ml, which was not significantly different from the mean concentration of AMH in normal anoestrous mares (n = 5; 0.26 ± 0.07 ng/ml). In conclusion, the present report implies the potential use of AMH for determination of the time of follicular resumption in mares after GCT removal.
Noncitrated blood transfusions used as adjunctive treatment in a 7‐year‐oldShetlandPony with haemoperitoneum due to a rupturedcorpus haemorrhagicum
Authors: Fouché N. , Cornelisse K. , Gerber V. , Gurtner C. , Krudewig C. , Koch C. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryChronic bleeding due to extensive haemorrhage from a rupturedcorpus haemorrhagicumdeveloped 2–4 weeks after parturition and was identified as the cause for a haemoperitoneum in a 7‐year‐old Shetland Pony mare, leading to anaemia. Diagnosis was made upon exploratory coeliotomy and a unilateral ovariectomy was performed. Intra‐ and post operatively, the mare received autologous blood transfusions of noncitrated blood. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an autologous blood transfusion accomplished using noncitrated blood collected from the abdominal cavity.
Resection of the incisive bone and rostral maxillae for removal of an ossifying fibroma in an 18‐year‐old Warmblood gelding
Authors: Lechartier A. , Steele E. , Vallefuoco R. , Mespoulhès‐Rivière C. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryA 510 kg, 18‐year‐oldWarmblood gelding used for high level dressage was presented with a 6 week history of a growing mass at the rostral aspect of the incisive bone. Radiographic examination of the maxillae showed an osteolytic lesion between the left maxillary central and intermediate teeth spreading caudally into the hard palate. Biopsy of the mass was consistent with an aggressive oral fibrosarcoma. Diagnostic work‐up ruled out metastatic lesions. An amputation of the incisive bone and part of the rostral maxillae was performed with the intent of removing the mass in healthy margins. However, the neoplastic tissue extended to the rostral aspect of the ventral nasal conchae and a resection in healthy margins was not performed to avoid surgical complications due to communication with the nasal conchae. After surgery, the horse's appetite and food uptake were not impaired and cosmetic appearance was excellent. Active drains were used in order to prevent any submucosal collection of fluids. Histopathological examination of the surgical margins of the removed maxillae confirmed the presence of tumoural tissue. Even though excision of the tumour was not complete, no macroscopic local recurrence was reported post operatively at 36 months' follow‐up. Based on histological re‐evaluation of the removed tissue and the absence of recurrence a definitive diagnosis of ossifying fibroma was made.
Functional implications of large backbone amplitude motions of the glycoprotein 130‐binding epitope of interleukin‐6
Authors: Bobby Romel , Robustelli Paul , Kralicek Andrew V. , Mobli Mehdi , King Glenn F. , Grötzinger Joachim , Dingley Andrew J. 
Published: April 2014

Human interleukin (IL)‐6 plays a pivotal role in the immune response, hematopoiesis, the acute‐phase response, and inflammation.IL‐6 has three distinct receptor epitopes, termed sites I,II, andIII, that facilitate the formation of a signaling complex.IL‐6 signals via a homodimer of glycoprotein 130 (gp130) after initially forming a heterodimer with the nonsignaling α‐receptor [IL‐6 α‐receptor (IL‐6R)] via site I. Here, we present the backbone dynamics of apo‐IL‐6 as determined by analysis ofNMRrelaxation data with the extended model‐free formalism of Lipari and Szabo. To alleviate significant resonance overlap in theHSQC‐type spectra, cell‐free protein synthesis was used to selectively15N‐label residues, thereby ensuring a complete set of residue‐specific dynamics. The calculated order parameters [square of the generalized model‐free order parameter (S2)] showed significant conformational heterogeneity among clusters of residues inIL‐6. In particular, the N‐terminal region of the longAB‐loop, which corresponds spatially to one of the gp130 receptor binding epitopes (i.e. siteIII), experiences substantial fluctuations along the conformation of the main chain (S2 = 0.3–0.8) that are not observed at the other two epitopes or in other cytokines. Thus, we postulate that dynamic properties of theAB‐loop are responsible for inhibiting the interaction ofIL‐6 with gp130 in the absence of theIL‐6R, and that binding ofIL‐6R at site I shifts the dynamic equilibrium to favor interaction with gp130 at site III. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations corroborated theNMR‐derived dynamics, and showed that theBC‐loop adopts different substates that possibly play a role in facilitating receptor assembly.
Joint bleeding in factor VIII deficient mice causes an acute loss of trabecular bone and calcification of joint soft tissues which is prevented with aggressive factor replacement
Authors: Lau A. G. , Sun J. , Hannah W. B. , Livingston E. W. , Heymann D. , Bateman T. A. , Monahan P. E. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryWhile chronic degenerative arthropathy is the main morbidity of haemophilia, a very high prevalence of low bone density is also seen in men and boys with haemophilia. This study investigates bone degradation in the knee joint of haemophilic mice resulting from haemarthrosis and the efficacy of aggressive treatment with factor VIII in the period surrounding injury to prevent bone pathology. Skeletally mature factor VIII knock‐out mice were subjected to knee joint haemorrhage induced by puncture of the left knee joint capsule. Mice received either intravenous factor VIII treatment or placebo immediately prior to injury and at hours 4, 24, 48, 72 and 96 after haemorrhage. Mice were killed 2‐weeks after injury and the joint morphology and loss of bone in the proximal tibia was assessed using microCT imaging. Quantitative microCT imaging of the knee joint found acute bone loss at the proximal tibia following injury including loss of trabecular bone volumetric density and bone mineral density, as well as trabecular connectivity density, number and thickness. Unexpectedly, joint injury also resulted in calcification of the joint soft tissues including the tendons, ligaments, menisci and cartilage. Treatment with factor VIII prevented this bone and soft tissue degeneration. Knee joint haemorrhage resulted in acute changes in adjacent bone including loss of bone density and mineralization of joint soft tissues. The rapid calcification and loss of bone has implications for the initiation and progression of osteoarthritic degradation following joint bleeding.
Freshness retention of minimally processed melon using different packages and multilayered edible coating containing microencapsulated essential oil
Authors: Moreira Samira Pereira , de Carvalho Winne Moita , Alexandrino Angeline Costa , de Paula Haroldo César Bezerra , Rodrigues Maria do Carmo Passos , de Figueiredo Raimundo Wilane , Maia Geraldo Arraes , de Figueiredo Evânia Maria Altina Teixeira , Brasil Isabella Montenegro 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis study evaluated the effectiveness of packaging using a microencapsulated β‐cyclodextrin and trans‐cinnamaldehyde complex incorporated into a base chitosan matrix on the shelf life of fresh‐cut melon (Cucumis melo L. var. Reticulatus Naud) group Inodorus that were coated with a multilayered coating system using a polypropylene tray (Ziploc®) with (i) Ziploc® lid, (ii) Saran® wrap and (iii) plain cheesecloth and stored at 4 °C for 15 days. The multilayered antimicrobial coating improved the shelf life of fresh‐cut melon (up to 15 days), compared with the controls (7 days). Coated samples were firmer, maintained colour and total carotenoids content and showed less weight loss than the controls (P < 0.05). Among the packaging treatments, the Ziploc® lid was the most effective in maintaining shelf life. This study demonstrates the application of a new generation of edible coating using natural antimicrobial agents by means of the layer‐by‐layer assembly.
Fermented milk obtained with kefir grains as an ingredient in breadmaking
Authors: Gómez Analía V. , Ferrero Cristina , Puppo Cecilia , Tadini Carmen C. , Abraham Analía G. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe objectives of this research were to study the effect of the addition of lyophilised kefir milk to premixes for household production of bread and evaluate the quality attributes of them. Four lyophilised samples were obtained from the followings: skim milk, acidified skim milk, fermented skim milk and neutralised fermented skim milk. Breads were prepared with commercial wheat flour, lyophilised milk samples and yeast through a straight dough process. Quality was assessed through loaf volume, crumb porosity and moisture, crumb texture and crust colour. Changes in texture and starch recrystallisation by X‐ray diffractometry were determined after 1 and 3 days of storage at room temperature. Breads with acidified milks showed the highest specific volumes and crumbs with the best texture properties. Crystallinity in bread with fermented milks was higher than for skim milk sample. This would indicate that there would be a certain effect of the type of milk processing on the promotion of starch retrogradation.
The increased killing of biofilms in vitro by combining topical silver dressings with topical negative pressure in chronic wounds
Authors: Valente Pedro Miguel DS , Deva Anand , Ngo Quan , Vickery Karen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractChronic wounds remain a significant medical and financial burden in hospitals of today. A major factor in the transition from an acute to a chronic wound is its bacterial bioburden. Developments in molecular techniques have shown that chronic wounds remain colonised by many species of bacteria and that the bacteria within these chronic wounds exist in two forms. Treatments of chronic wounds have maintained a challenging field and significant ongoing research is being conducted. With the development of an in vitro wound model, we applied topical negative pressure (TNP) dressings to a spectrum of common bacterial biofilms found in chronic wounds and studied the synergistic efficacy between the application of TNP and silver‐impregnated foam against these biofilms. This synergistic response was seen within the laboratory strains of staphylococcal biofilms over a 3‐day treatment period but lost following the 5 days of treatment. However, combining topical pressure dressings and silver foam lead to a synergistic inactivation in Pseudomonas species over both 3‐day and 5‐day treatments.
Intervertebral Disk Disease in 3 Striped Skunks (Mephitis mephitis)
Authors: Krauss Maximiljan W. , Benato Livia , Wack Allison , McDonnell John J. , Schoemaker Nico J. , Westerhof Ineke , Bronson Ellen , Gielen Ingrid , Van Caelenberg Annemie , Hellebuyck Tom , Meij Björn P. , De Decker Steven 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo describe diagnostic findings, surgical technique, and outcome in 3 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) with a history of paraparesis.Study DesignCase series.AnimalsSkunks (n = 3) with paraparesis.MethodsNeurologic examination revealed upper motor neuron disease (T2–L2) in 2 skunks and lower motor neuron disease (L3–S3) in 1 skunk. Diagnostic imaging included radiography, myelography, CT, and MRI and confirmed intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH) in each skunk. Because initial treatment with pain medication and cage rest did not result in lasting improvement, spinal surgery was performed.ResultsHemilaminectomy (2 skunks) and dorsal laminectomy (1 skunk) was performed with removal of extruded disk material. The skunks improved after surgery but all had minor residual neurologic deficits when examined at various times postoperatively.ConclusionThoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation occurs in skunks, and must be included in the differential diagnosis of paraparesis.
Assessing Candidates at Home and Abroad: A Comparative Analysis of Colombian Expatriates in the 2010 Presidential Elections
Authors: Escobar Cristina , Arana Renelinda , McCann James A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article examines candidate favorability among Colombian expatriates and Colombians in the home country in the 2010 Colombian presidential elections. It analyzes the influence of several socioeconomic, migratory, mobilizing, and contextual factors on candidate appraisal using a large exit poll conducted at Colombian consulates in five cities in the United States and Europe and five cities with high emigration rates in Colombia. Aside from differences in candidate favorability stemming from socioeconomic variables (education, income, and religious affiliation), Colombians living abroad largely evaluate candidates in ways similar to Colombians living in the country.
Explaining Electoral Volatility in Latin America: Evidence at the Party Level
Authors: Su Yen-Pin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMany existing explanations of electoral volatility have been tested at the country level, but they are largely untested at the individual party level. This study reexamines theories of electoral volatility through the use of multilevel models on party-level data in the lower house elections of 18 Latin American countries from 1978 to 2012. Testing hypotheses at different levels, it finds that irregular institutional alteration increases electoral volatility for all the parties in a country, but the effect is more significant for the presidential party. At the party level, the results show that while a party that is more ideologically distinctive than other parties tends to experience lower electoral volatility, party age is not a statistically significant factor for explaining party volatility.
Human Nature, Human Cultures and the Communication of the Knowledge of
God
Authors: Storck Thomas 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The Catechism of the Catholic Church speaks
of “the ability of human reason to know God [and the Church's] confidence in
speaking about him to all men….” Such claims involve both philosophical and
theological questions concerning the possibility of transcending cultures.
Philosophy can vindicate the capacity of the intellect to speak of God, and
despite varying intellectual traditions, the Church has been able to
communicate the Gospel across cultural boundaries. In fact, historically
Christendom was built up by preaching not to individuals but to cultures.
Conversion of a culture means that its fundamental principle has changed,
and individuals will usually begin to change with it. This does not
necessarily imply an inauthentic or merely formal religious adherence, but
highlights the fact that cultures as well as individuals are susceptible of
evangelization.
The De Geer, Thulean and Beringia routes: key concepts for understanding early Cenozoic biogeography
Authors: Brikiatis Leonidas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimI re‐evaluate the specific biogeographical significance of each of the land bridges (Beringia, Thulean and De Geer) in the Northern Hemisphere during the latest Cretaceous–early Cenozoic, showing that the Thulean and De Geer routes did not operate contemporaneously.LocationNorthern Hemisphere landmasses.MethodsI review the recent climatic, sea‐level, geotectonic, palaeofloristic, and marine and terrestrial faunal data that have emerged since the establishment in the 1980s of the biogeographical concepts of the early Cenozoic Northern Hemisphere land bridges and present a synthesis supporting a revised scenario for early Cenozoic biogeographical development.ResultsPalaeogeographical and geotectonic data, supported by strong floral and faunal evidence, suggest that the palaeogeographical and chronological frames for the formation of all three land bridges are different from those originally proposed. Dispersal events via the causeways seem to have taken place during specific time intervals resulting from fluctuations in sea level and climate.Main conclusionsThe De Geer and Thulean routes were not contemporaneous. The former existed during the latest Cretaceous to the early Palaeocene, joining North America with Eurasia. The Thulean route became established well after the interruption of the De Geer route, offering a southerly connection between western Europe and North America in at least two episodes:c. 57 Ma andc. 56 Ma. The Bering route functioned in two warm periods: 65.5 Ma (coinciding with the De Geer route) andc. 58 Ma, during the Palaeocene (possible Eocene exposures are not considered here). The formation of the De Geer route explains faunal similarities between the Puercan and Torrejonian North American land mammal ages (NALMAs) and the Shanghuan Asian land mammal age (ALMA). The Thulean route explains faunal similarities between the Clarkforkian (Cf1) and Wasatchian (Wa0, 1)NALMAs, and the Cernaysian and Neustrian (PEI,II) European land mammal ages. The Bering route explains faunal similarities between the GashatanALMAand the Tiffanian (Ti5)NALMA.
Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells display neurovascular tropism and aid in the recovery of injured peripheral nerves
Authors: Li YongNan , Guo Longzhe , Ahn Hyun Sook , Kim Moo Hyun , Kim Sung‐Whan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRecently, we reported that human amniotic membrane‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMMs) possess great angiogenic potential. In this study, we determined whether local injection of AMMs ameliorates peripheral neuropathy. AMMs were transplanted into injured sciatic nerves. AMM injection promoted significant recovery of motor nerve conduction velocity and voltage amplitude compared to human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. AMM implantation also augmented blood perfusion and increased intraneural vascularity. Whole‐mount fluorescent imaging analysis demonstrated that AMMs exhibited higher engraftment and endothelial incorporation abilities in the sciatic nerve. In addition, the higher expression of pro‐angiogenic factors was detected in AMMs injected into the peripheral nerve. Therefore, these data provide novel therapeutic and mechanistic insights into stem cell biology, and AMM transplantation may represent an alternative therapeutic option for treating peripheral neuropathy.
Commentary: ADHD and social disadvantage: an inconvenient truth? – a reflection on Russell et al. () and Larsson et al. ()
Authors: Nigg Joel T. , Craver Lindsay 
Published: April 2014

In the 1950's, many experts believed hyperkinesis was a neurotic reaction to inner conflicts arising from early family experiences. In the 1990's, many experts believed ADHD to be ‘genetic’ (without a mechanistic explanation of what that meant). Both views appear naïve today in a scientific world grappling with the complexity of highly plastic gene expression, gene x environment interplay, and epigenetic, context‐dependent emergence of psychopathology. Both views also fail to account for the uncomfortable fact that ADHD is also associated with social disadvantage – a level of analysis required in a developmental psychopathology approach. That developmental psychopathology approach, pioneered a generation ago, initially emphasized the accumulation of risk and protective factors, and emerged in a contemporary systemic approach that seeks to determine whether it is risk accumulation (e.g., allostatic load) or specific risk factors (e.g., family process) that mechanistically shape psychopathology. Despite the prominence of the developmental psychopathology perspective, the social context of ADHD is surprisingly neglected today. Both Russell et al. (this issue, 2014) and Larsson et al. (this issue, 2014) take strides toward remedying this state of affairs.
Commentary: Beyond stressful life events and depression? – reflections on Bogdan et al. ()
Authors: Belsky Jay 
Published: April 2014

In light of continuing disagreement, even at the meta‐analytic level, as to whether the gene‐ × ‐environment (G×E) interaction involving 5‐HTTLPR and stressful life events (SLEs) predicts depression, Bogdan and associates (this issue, Bogdan et al., 2014) sought to extend research on what has become a highly controversial general (GxE) and specific (5HTTLPR X SLEs) arena of inquiry. Thus, rather than seeking to replicate this specific GXE interaction in another sample of adolescents or adults, these investigators shifted the developmental focus–to very young children, aged 3‐5 years of age. This re‐direction was motivated by the kindling hypothesis which stipulates that the earliest episodes of depression might be especially sensitive to environmental adversity, with later episodes very much dependent on earlier ones and less a function of later‐life environmental provocation. Thus, the investigators reasoned that the controversial G×E interaction might actually prove more evident and exert a more pronounced impact early in childhood than at older ages where they have been so extensively studied.
Geographical variation of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) populations revealed by mitochondrial COI gene in China
Authors: Niu Y.‐Q. , Nansen C. , Li X.‐W. , Liu T.‐X. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is one of the most serious pests for cruciferous vegetable growers worldwide. To determine the relations of local and regional populations, we performed a mitochondrial COI gene analysis of eight P. xylostella populations from different locations in or around the Qinling Mountains and two other populations, one from Beijing and the other from Guangdong. The mtDNA divergences among the 10 populations were high, and 32 haplotypes were detected in 149 adults. The mean haplotype divergence was 1.7% (range 0.04–4.1%). Haplotype diversity in the 10 populations varied from 0.571 (AK) to 0.885 (HZ), and the nucleotide diversity varied from 0.00286 (AK) to 0.0117 (HZ). The results also did not show significant correlation between genetic and geographical distance. Also, the effective number of migrants between populations (Nm) ranged from 1.43 to infinite, suggesting that population exchange and gene flow among the P. xylostella populations occurred. However, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the TB and TC populations were differentiated from other populations, indicating possible across‐mountain barrier to migration and gene flow.