bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Hip Arthroplasty Surgical Approach Does Not Alter Postoperative Gait Mechanics One Year After Surgery
Authors: Queen Robin M. , Appleton J. Stephen , Butler Robert J. , Newman Erik T. , Kelley Scott S. , Attarian David E. , Bolognesi Michael P. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the differences in gait biomechanics on the basis of surgical approach 1 year after surgery.DesignThis was a descriptive laboratory study to investigate the side‐to‐side differences in walking mechanics at a self‐selected walking speed as well as a functional assessment 1 year after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Temporospatial, kinetic, and kinematic data as well as functional outcomes were collected. Two‐way analysis of variance was used to assess for between‐group differences and limb‐to‐limb asymmetries.SettingA controlled laboratory study.ParticipantsThis study examined 35 patients with primary, unilateral THA. The THA surgical approaches that were used in these patients included 12 direct lateral, 18 posterior, and 11 anterolateral. All the patients were assessed 1 year after THA. Patients were excluded from the study if they had contralateral hip pain or pathology, or any prior lower extremity total joint replacements.Main Outcome MeasurementsThree‐dimensional lower extremity kinematics and kinetics as well as spatiotemporal variables were collected. In addition, a series of physical performance measures were collected.ResultsNo main effects for the physical performance measures or biomechanical variables were observed among the approach groups. Significant limb‐to‐limb asymmetries were observed among all the patients, with decreased sagittal plane range of motion, peak extension, and peak vertical ground reaction forces on the operative side.ConclusionThe results of this study indicated that no significant differences existed among the different surgical approach groups for any study variable. However, 1 year after THA, the patients demonstrated asymmetric gait patterns regardless of surgical approach, which indicated the potential need for continued intervention through physical therapy to regain normal side‐to‐side symmetry after THA.
Effects of acute administration of mazindol on brain energy metabolism in adult mice
Authors: Gonçalves Cinara Ludvig , Scaini Giselli , Rezin Gislaine Tezza , Jeremias Isabela Casagrande , Bez Gisele Daiane , Daufenbach Juliana Felipe , Gomes Lara Mezari , Ferreira Gabriela Kozuchovski , Zugno Alexandra Ioppi , Streck Emilio Luiz 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesMazindol is a sympathomimetic amine, widely used as an anorectic agent in the treatment of obesity. This drug causes psychostimulant effects because of its pharmacological profile similar to amphetamine, acting like a monoamine reuptake inhibitor. However, the mechanisms underlying the action of mazindol are still not clearly understood.MethodsSwiss mice received a single acute administration of mazindol (0.25, 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg, ip) or saline. After 2 h, the animals were killed by decapitation; the brain was removed and used for the evaluation of activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, Krebs cycle enzymes and creatine kinase.ResultsAcute administration of mazindol decreased complex I activity only in the hippocampus. Complex IV activity was increased in the cerebellum (2.5 mg/kg) and cerebral cortex (0.25 mg/kg). Citrate synthase activity was increased in the cerebellum (1.25 mg/kg) and cerebral cortex (1.25 mg/kg), and creatine kinase activity was increased in the cerebellum (1.25 mg/kg).ConclusionWe suggest that the inhibition of complex I in the hippocampus only and activation of complex IV, citrate synthase and creatine kinase occurs because of a stimulus effect of mazindol in the central nervous system, which causes a direct impairment on energy metabolism.
WIENER INDEX OF TREES OF GIVEN ORDER AND DIAMETER AT MOST
Authors: MUKWEMBI SIMON , VETRÍK TOMÁŠ 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe long-standing open problem of finding an upper bound for the Wiener index of a graph in terms of its order and diameter is addressed. Sharp upper bounds are presented for the Wiener index, and the related degree distance and Gutman index, for trees of order$n$and diameter at most$6$.
A REMARK ON THE PERMUTATION REPRESENTATIONS AFFORDED BY THE EMBEDDINGS OF IN
Authors: GUEST SIMON , PREVITALI ANDREA , SPIGA PABLO 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe show that the permutation module over $ \mathbb{C} $ afforded by the action of ${\mathrm{Sp} }_{2m} ({2}^{f} )$ on its natural module is isomorphic to the permutation module over $ \mathbb{C} $ afforded by the action of ${\mathrm{Sp} }_{2m} ({2}^{f} )$ on the union of the right cosets of ${ \mathrm{O} }_{2m}^{+ } ({2}^{f} )$ and ${ \mathrm{O} }_{2m}^{- } ({2}^{f} )$.
Dietary composition and its associations with insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in youth
Authors: Henderson Mélanie , Benedetti Andrea , Gray-Donald Katherine 
Published: September 2013

The objectives of the present study were to examine the associations between macronutrient intake and insulin sensitivity (IS) and insulin secretion (ISct), taking into consideration moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), fitness and sedentary behaviour. Caucasian youth (n630) aged 8–10 years at recruitment, with at least one obese biological parent, were studied (QUebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth cohort). IS was measured using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance and Matsuda IS index. ISct was measured using HOMA2 %-β, the ratio of the AUC of insulin:glucose over the first 30 min (AUC I/Gt= 30min) of the oral glucose tolerance test and AUC I/Gt= 120minover 2 h. Fitness was measured using VO2peak, percentage of fat mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and 7 d MVPA using accelerometry; screen time (ST) by average daily hours of self-reported television, video game or computer use. Dietary composition was measured using three non-consecutive dietary recalls. Non-parametric smoothing splines were used to model non-linear associations; all models were adjusted for age, sex, season, pubertal stage, MVPA, fitness, ST and adiposity. The percentage of total daily energy from dietary protein, fat, saturated fat and carbohydrate and the consumption of dietary vitamin D, sugar-sweetened beverages, fibre and portions of fruits and vegetables were taken into consideration. No dietary component was associated with any measure of IS after adjusting for MVPA, fitness, ST and adiposity. For every 1 % increase in daily protein intake (%), AUC I/Gt= 30mindecreased by 1·1 % (P= 0·033). Otherwise, dietary composition was not associated with ISct. While long-term excess of energy intake has been shown to lead to overweight and obesity, dietary macronutrient composition is not independently correlated with IS or ISct in youth.
Trends in dietary fat and high-fat food intakes from 1991 to 2008 in the Framingham Heart Study participants
Authors: Vadiveloo Maya , Scott Marc , Quatromoni Paula , Jacques Paul , Parekh Niyati 
Published: September 2013

Few longitudinal studies carried out in US adults have evaluated long-term dietary fat intakes and compared them with the national recommendations during the two-decade period when the prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance increased substantively. In the present study, we examined trends in the intakes of dietary fats and rich dietary sources of fats in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort over a 17-year period. The cohort was established in 1971–75 with follow-up examinations being conducted approximately every 4 years. Dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative FFQ beginning in 1991 (exam 5). We included 2732 adults aged ≥ 25 years with complete dietary data in at least three examinations from 1991 to 2008. Descriptive statistics were generated using SAS version 9.3, and a repeated-measures model was used to examine trends in macronutrient and food intakes using R. Over the 17 years of follow-up, the percentage of energy derived from total fat and protein increased (27·3–29·8 % of energy and 16·8–18·0 % of energy, respectively) and that derived from carbohydrate decreased (51·0–46·8 % of energy; P-trend < 0·001). Increases in the percentage of energy derived from all fat subtypes were observed, except for that derived from trans-fats, which decreased over time (P-trend < 0·001). Trends were similar between the sexes, although women exhibited a greater increase in the percentage of energy derived from saturated fat and less reduction in the percentage of energy derived from trans-fats (P interaction < 0·05). Trends in fat intake were similar across the BMI categories. The number of weekly servings of cheese, eggs, ice cream desserts, nuts, butter and sausages/processed meats increased, whereas the intake of milk, margarine, poultry, confectioneries, chips and breads decreased (P-trend < 0·001). In this cohort of predominantly Caucasian older adults, the percentage of energy derived from dietary fats increased over time, but it remained within the national recommendations of less than 35 % of total energy, on average.
Political Journalism Represented by Headline News: Canadian Public and Commercial Media Compared
Authors: Andrew Blake 
Published: September 2013

Abstract.Headlines play a key role in influencing how and about what citizens are informed. In news media, their task is threefold: to represent stories, signal informational hierarchy and draw publicity for (or sell) what follows. This article examines the representative dimension of headline news content for the 2006 Canadian federal election campaign, testing whether public media headlines more faithfully reflected story-level coverage than commercial media. Comparing both public and commercial media coverage of this watershed election presents a unique opportunity to assess whether the overarching macro-incentive of commercial media—profit-making—may have influenced micro-level relationships between headlines and stories. Results of 55-day multiplatform analysis (N = 11,002) involving CBC election media and 12 commercial newsrooms reveal few differences with respect the representativeness of headlines from public and commercial media, save for the presence of journalists' opinion in headline content.Résumé.Les titres influencent comment les citoyens sont informés, et à propos de quoi ils en pensent. Les titres ont trois objectifs dans les nouvelles : ils résument les nouvelles, signalent quelles nouvelles sont les plus importantes, et vendre l'histoire complète qui suit. L'article examine le niveau de représentativité des titres dans les nouvelles sur la campagne de l'élection fédérale canadienne de 2006. Plus précisément, il teste si les titres venant des médias publics sont plus représentatifs que les nouvelles dans le média commercial. En comparant la couverture médiatique dans cette élection structurante, nous explorons si la motivation des médias commerciaux, notamment le profit, peut influencer le lien entre les titres et les articles. Les résultats de l'analyse multiplateforme de la campagne qui durait 55 jours (N = 11 002) incluent la couverture sur la CBC et 12 médias commerciaux. Ils indiquent qu'il n'y a pas beaucoup de différence dans la représentativité des titres entre les sources publiques et commerciales, sauf la présence de l'opinion dans le contenu des titres.
Advances in understanding nitrogen flows and transformations: gaps and research pathways
Authors: MÜLLER C. , CLOUGH T. J. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYThe nitrogen (N) cycle is one of the best studied elemental cycles. However, the N flows and transformations, in particular in aggregated soils, at small scales and in plant–soil systems are not yet fully understood. Analytical and molecular techniques are now available to address N dynamics at small scales. The methodological advances should go hand in hand with the development of suitable mathematical models addressing the small scale and the full complexity of the many interacting effects. The importance of denitrification within the N cycle is highlighted and used as an example of the progress achieved in recent times. Research gaps and possible research pathways are outlined.
Popper and Xenophanes
Authors: Attfield Robin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractKarl Popper identified Xenophanes of Colophon (570–478 BCE) as the originator of the method of conjectures and refutations. This essay explores this claim, and the methods of both philosophers (section 1). Disparagement (ancient and modern) of Xenophanes has been misguided (section 2). Xenophanes, a critical rationalist and realist, pioneered philosophy of religion (section 3) and epistemology (section 4), but his method was not confined to falsificationism, and appears compatible with inductivism and abductionism (section 5). The method employed by Popper in interpreting Herodotus in support of his conjectures about Xenophanes is typical of the multiple-strand reasoning characteristic of the humanities, and is as much inductivist or abductionist as refutationist (section 6). Popper's theories about Xenophanes are convincing; but even if Popperians would claim that Popper's refutationism largely fits the natural sciences, his application of it to history is implausible, and conflicts with own practice (section 7). An appendix reflects on Popper's interest in cultured refugees.
Generation of a large cross-section electron beam in the vacuum diode with rod current returns
Authors: Abdullin E.N. , Ivanov N.G. , Losev V.F. , Morozov A.V. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe results of the experimental studies of the high-power e-beam accelerator producing six radially convergent electron beams are presented. The studies are aimed to increase the energy of the electron beam transported through the foil into the gas-filled chamber by using the rod-shaped current returns in the diode at small inter-electrode gaps. Installation of these rod current returns shields the periphery regions of the diode from the current field in the central part thus reducing the field at the diode edge. The inter-electrode distance, the shape, and the sizes of the cathodes are chosen by taking into account the magnetic field reduction in the diode. It is shown that in such type of the diode the electrons impact the foil almost normally to its surface, and the electron beams enter the output windows completely. Such type of the diode allows increasing the efficiency of the electron beam energy transfer into the gas by 30%.
Monitoring of seasonality of norovirus and other enteric viruses in Cameroon by real-time PCR: an exploratory study
Authors: AYUKEKBONG J. A. , ANDERSSON M. E. , VANSARLA G. , TAH F. , NKUO-AKENJI T. , LINDH M. , BERGSTRÖM T. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYWe studied the seasonal fluctuation of norovirus and other enteric viruses in Cameroon. Two hundred participants aged between 1 and 69 years were prospectively followed up. Each participant provided monthly faecal samples over a 12-month period. A total of 2484 samples were tested using multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of norovirus, rotavirus and enterovirus. The effect of weather variables and risk factors were analysed by Pearson correlation and bivariate analysis. Overall, enterovirus was the most commonly detected virus (21·6% of specimens), followed by norovirus (3·9%) and rotavirus (0·4%). Norovirus and enterovirus were detected throughout the year with a peak of norovirus detection at the beginning of the rainy season and a significant alternation of circulation of norovirus genogroups from one month to the next. Age <5 years and consumption of tap water were risk factors for norovirus infection. Better understanding of factors influencing transmission and seasonality may provide insights into the relationship between physical environment and risk of infection for these viruses.
Phosphorus in Antarctic surface marine sediments - chemical speciation in Admiralty Bay
Authors: Berbel Gláucia B.B. , Braga Elisabete S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis study describes the relation of the phosphorus chemical speciation in surface sediments with input processes in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. The sediments were analysed with a sequential extraction for phosphorus fractionation to measure: exchangeable P (Pexch), iron oxyhydroxide bound P (P-Fe), authigenic P (Auth-P), detrital P (Detrital-P) and organic P (Porg). The study revealed that Detrital-P (39–70%) was the main sedimentary phosphorus forms and Auth-P (40–54%) was the second largest pool. The average percentage of each fraction of P followed the sequence: Detrital-P (41%) > Auth-P (37%) > P-Fe (12%) > Porg = Pexch (5%). Spatial differences in grain size distribution were found. Silt and clay factions were predominant in the inlets, whereas sand and gravel were the main components in Central bay (unofficial name). Values were extremely low for organic carbon (< 0.30%) and total nitrogen (< 0.17%). Total sulfur was lower than 0.15%, except for Mackellar Inlet where values were 1%. The dominance of detrital apatite in the total sedimentary phosphorus demonstrates the importance of terrestrial inputs from ice melting in governing the abundance and speciation of sedimentary phosphorus in the Admiralty Bay sediments.
Concentration of Lipschitz Functionals of Determinantal and Other Strong Rayleigh Measures
Authors: PEMANTLE ROBIN , PERES YUVAL 
Published: September 2013

Let {X1 , . . , Xn} be a collection of binary-valued random variables and let f : {0, 1}n → $\mathbb{R}$ be a Lipschitz function. Under a negative dependence hypothesis known as the strong Rayleigh condition, we show that f − ${\mathbb E}$f satisfies a concentration inequality. The class of strong Rayleigh measures includes determinantal measures, weighted uniform matroids and exclusion measures; some familiar examples from these classes are generalized negative binomials and spanning tree measures. For instance, any Lipschitz-1 function of the edges of a uniform spanning tree on vertex set V (e.g., the number of leaves) satisfies the Gaussian concentration inequality

\begin{linenomath}$${{\mathbb P} (f - {\mathbb E} f \geq a) \leq \exp \biggl( - \frac{a^2}{8 \, |V|} \biggr) }.$$\end{linenomath}
We also prove a continuous version for concentration of Lipschitz functionals of a determinantal point process.
Atrioventricular valve regurgitation at diagnosis in single-ventricle patients: does it affect longitudinal outcomes?
Authors: Garnreiter Jason M. , Tani Lloyd Y. , Weng Hsin-Yi , Sheng Xiaoming , Pinto Nelangi M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIntroductionSignificant atrioventricular valve regurgitation at diagnosis in single-ventricle patients has been associated with mortality and morbidity. However, longitudinal data on the effect of valve regurgitation at diagnosis on outcomes in the era of surgical valve interventions are scarce.Materials and methodsThis is a retrospective review of single-ventricle patients admitted to a regional centre from 2005 to 2008. Data were reviewed from birth to 18 months, and association of atrioventricular valve regurgitation at diagnosis with mortality and morbidity was evaluated.ResultsA total of 118 patients were studied, 73% with a single right ventricle. At diagnosis, 37 patients (31%) had mild, 5 (4%) had mild to moderate, and 4 (3%) had ≥ moderate atrioventricular valve regurgitation. Moderate or greater valve regurgitation was associated with mortality (HR 5.51, 95% CI 1.24–24.61, p = 0.025), and all four patients with ≥ moderate valve regurgitation died. However, valve regurgitation was not associated with mortality for left ventricle patients. In all, 12 patients (10%) had surgical atrioventricular valve interventions. There were no independent predictors of valve intervention, and no patient having an intervention had > mild valve regurgitation at diagnosis. There was no association between valve regurgitation and days of hospitalisation or chest tube drainage.ConclusionSignificant atrioventricular valve regurgitation at diagnosis remains a risk factor for mortality in single-ventricle patients, although it may be less important for single left ventricle patients. However, it is not associated with increased morbidity or surgical atrioventricular valve intervention in survivors. Reliably predicting surgical atrioventricular valve intervention remains a challenge in single-ventricle patients.
Complementary feeding and attained linear growth among 6–23-month-old children
Authors: Onyango Adelheid W , Borghi Elaine , de Onis Mercedes , Casanovas Ma del Carmen , Garza Cutberto 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between complementary feeding indicators and attained linear growth at 6–23 months.DesignSecondary analysis of Phase V Demographic and Health Surveys data (2003–2008). Country-specific ANOVA models were used to estimate effects of three complementary feeding indicators (minimum meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity and minimum adequate diet) on length-for-age, adjusted for covariates and interactions of interest.SettingTwenty-one countries (four Asian, twelve African, four from the Americas and one European).SubjectsSample sizes ranging from 608 to 13 676.ResultsLess than half the countries met minimum meal frequency and minimum dietary diversity, and only Peru had a majority of the sample receiving a minimum adequate diet. Minimum dietary diversity was the indicator most consistently associated with attained length, having significant positive effect estimates (ranging from 0·16 to 1·40 for length-for-age Z-score) in twelve out of twenty-one countries. Length-for-age declined with age in all countries, and the greatest declines in its Z-score were seen in countries (Niger, −1·9; Mali, −1·6; Democratic Republic of Congo, −1·4; Ethiopia, −1·3) where dietary diversity was persistently low or increased very little with age.ConclusionsThere is growing recognition that poor complementary feeding contributes to the characteristic negative growth trends observed in developing countries and therefore needs focused attention and its own tailored interventions. Dietary diversity has the potential to improve linear growth. Using four food groups to define minimum dietary diversity appears to capture enough information in a simplified, standard format for multi-country comparisons of the quality of complementary diets.