bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between Priceless and Worthless: Challenges in Using Market Mechanisms for Conserving Biodiversity
Authors: Reid Colin T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThere is growing interest in the use of market mechanisms, such as offsetting and payments for ecosystem services, to further the conservation of biodiversity. The specific needs of biodiversity mean that this approach faces significant challenges in terms of defining the units that can be the subject of the economic or market devices, of ensuring that such mechanisms do deliver conservation gains and of establishing appropriate governance arrangements. There are also ethical concerns that a market approach entails a commodification of nature which sacrifices some of the very elements which make nature valuable to us. The market-based schemes currently being operated and devised should be studied carefully to see how successfully these challenges can be met.
Neuropsychologische Befunde zur ADHS im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Philipp-Wiegmann Florence , Retz-Junginger Petra , Retz Wolfgang , Rösler Michael 
Published: November 2012

Die ADHS ist eine chronische Erkrankung mit Beginn in der Kindheit, die sich über das Jugendalter bis ins Erwachsenenleben fortsetzen kann. Zur Sicherstellung der Diagnose ist kein Test verfügbar. Die Diagnose einer ADHS ist eine klinische Beurteilung. Zur Kernsymptomatik gehören Aufmerksamkeitsstörung, Hyperaktivität und Impulsivität. Die Symptomatik darf nicht isoliert auftreten, sondern muss in mehreren Lebenssituationen nachweisbar sein und mit Einschränkungen im Lebensalltag einhergehen. Dabei bildet sich in der klinischen Praxis, nicht zuletzt bei den Patienten, das Bedürfnis ab, mittels Testverfahren bzw. kognitiven Leistungstests wahrgenommene Leistungsdefizite zu objektivieren und zu quantifizieren. Es wird ein Überblick über neuropsychologische Modellannahmen zur ADHS sowie über die häufigsten neuropsychologische Testverfahren gegeben und der aktuelle Stand der Forschung hinsichtlich seiner praktischen Relevanz diskutiert.
Durch Jugendliche mit Störungen des Sozialverhaltens ausgelöste Krankenkassenausgaben
Authors: Ewest Franziska , Reinhold Thomas , Vloet Timo D. , Wenning Volker , Bachmann Christian J. 
Published: November 2012

Die Studie basiert auf Abrechnungsdaten einer großen gesetzlichen Krankenkasse (AOK Nordost). Es wurden Patienten im Alter von 13 bis 18 Jahren mit dokumentierter ICD-10-Diagnose einer Störung des Sozialverhaltens eingeschlossen (Indexgruppe, IG, N=665) und mit einer nach Alter und Geschlecht parallelisierten Kontrollgruppe (KG, N=16.625) verglichen. Während in der KG mittlere Jahreskosten von 687 € zu verzeichnen waren, beliefen sich diese bei der IG mit 2.632 € auf das 3,83fache (p<0,001). In beiden Gruppen verursachten weibliche Versicherte höhere Kosten als männliche (IG: 2.883 € vs. 2.501 €, p=0,41; KG: 758 € vs. 649 €, p=0,22). Jugendliche mit Störungen des Sozialverhaltens lösten deutlich höhere Krankenkassenausgaben aus als Jugendliche ohne diese Diagnose. Dieses Ergebnis weist auf die gesundheitsökonomische Bedeutung des Störungsbildes hin.
Topographic characterization of lunar complex craters
Authors: Kalynn Jessica , Johnson Catherine L. , Osinski Gordon R. , Barnouin Olivier 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe use Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter topography data to revisit the depth (d)‐diameter (D), and central peak height (hcp)‐diameter relationships for fresh complex lunar craters. We assembled a data set of young craters with D ≥ 15 km and ensured the craters were unmodified and fresh using Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Wide‐Angle Camera images. We used Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter gridded data to determine the rim‐to‐floor crater depths, as well as the height of the central peak above the crater floor. We established power‐law d‐D and hcp‐D relationships for complex craters on mare and highlands terrain. Our results indicate that craters on highland terrain are, on average, deeper and have higher central peaks than craters on mare terrain. Furthermore, we find that the crater depths for both mare and highlands craters are significantly deeper than previously reported. This likely reflects the inclusion of transitional craters and/or older and/or modified craters in previous work, as well as the limitations of the stereophotogrammetric and shadow‐length data sets used in those studies. There is substantial variability in the depths and the central peak heights for craters in a given diameter range. We suggest that the differences in mean d and hcp as a function of crater diameter for highlands and mare craters result from differences in bulk physical properties of the terrain types, whereas the variability in d and hcp at a given diameter may reflect variations in impactor properties and impact parameters.
Direct ventilation of the North Pacific did not reach the deep ocean during the last deglaciation
Authors: Jaccard S. L. , Galbraith E. D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDespite its tremendous size, the deep North Pacific has received relatively little attention by paleoceanographers. It was recently suggested that the deep North Pacific was directly ventilated by dense waters formed in the subarctic Pacific during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) of the early deglaciation. Here we present new redox‐sensitive trace metal data from a sediment core at 2393 m in the subarctic Pacific, in comparison with previously published data from elsewhere in the region. The combined picture shows no sign of ventilation during the early deglaciation in any available core from water depths of 2393 m and deeper, while the deepest core to display clear signs of enhanced ventilation during HS1 was raised from 1366 m water depth. Thus, it appears likely that, although the North Pacific was well ventilated to intermediate depths during HS1, the deep ocean did not receive a significant input of dense waters from a local source, but remained isolated from the surface waters above.
Earthquake source parameters from GPS‐measured static displacements with potential for real‐time application
Authors: O'Toole Thomas B. , Valentine Andrew P. , Woodhouse John H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe describe a method for determining an optimal centroid–moment tensor solution of an earthquake from a set of static displacements measured using a network of Global Positioning System receivers. Using static displacements observed after the 4 April 2010, MW 7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah, Mexico, earthquake, we perform an iterative inversion to obtain the source mechanism and location, which minimize the least‐squares difference between data and synthetics. The efficiency of our algorithm for forward modeling static displacements in a layered elastic medium allows the inversion to be performed in real‐time on a single processor without the need for precomputed libraries of excitation kernels; we present simulated real‐time results for the El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake. The only a priori information that our inversion scheme needs is a crustal model and approximate source location, so the method proposed here may represent an improvement on existing early warning approaches that rely on foreknowledge of fault locations and geometries.
Global warming in an independent record of the past 130 years
Authors: Anderson D. M. , Mauk E. M. , Wahl E. R. , Morrill C. , Wagner A. J. , Easterling D. , Rutishauser T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe thermometer‐based global surface temperature time series (GST) commands a prominent role in the evidence for global warming, yet this record has considerable uncertainty. An independent record with better geographic coverage would be valuable in understanding recent change in the context of natural variability. We compiled the Paleo Index (PI) from 173 temperature‐sensitive proxy time series (corals, ice cores, speleothems, lake and ocean sediments, historical documents). Each series was normalized to produce index values of change relative to a 1901–2000 base period; the index values were then averaged. From 1880 to 1995, the index trends significantly upward, similar to the GST. Smaller‐scale aspects of the GST including two warming trends and a warm interval during the 1940s are also observed in thePI. ThePIextends to 1730 with 67 records. The upward trend appears to begin in the early 19th century but the year‐to‐year variability is large and the 1730–1929 trend is small.
Convective instability in sedimentation: Linear stability analysis
Authors: Yu Xiao , Hsu Tian‐Jian , Balachandar S. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTConvective sedimentation in a stably stratified saltwater is studied using the linear stability analysis. Convective sedimentation is known to occur due to the double‐diffusive mechanism and the settling‐driven mechanism. In this study, a semi‐empirical closure of sediment diffusivity based on the long‐range hydrodynamics effect is adopted. The sediment phase can act as either the slow‐ or fast‐diffusing agent in the double‐diffusive system for the given salt diffusivity. Moreover, the settling‐driven effect is proportional to the square of the sediment diameter via Stoke settling law. We consider sediment concentration (grain size) in the upper freshwater layer to be in the range of 0.1 to 39.4 g/l (2 to 60 µm), which is on top of a saltwater layer with salinity 35 ppt. Linear stability analysis allows us to identify the dominant mechanism that triggers the instability, the growth rate, and the resulting characteristic finger width. Model results suggest that for fine sediment with grain diameter smaller than 10 µm (settling velocity 0.09 mm/s), double‐diffusive mechanism controls the instability and the resulting sediment finger size is of millimeter scale. For the given threshold of growth rate of O(0.01) s−1, the minimum sediment concentration is about 8–15 g/l. For grain size greater than or around 10 µm, the settling‐driven mechanism dominates and instabilities occur at sediment concentration as low as O(0.1) g/l with centimeter‐scale fingers. Our findings may contribute to a better understanding on the observed rapid sediment removal in the plume of small mountainous rivers.
Navigating Medical Speech-Language Pathology Reports for Children With TBI
Authors: Allison Kristen M. , Turkstra Lyn S. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Many children with TBI return to school without the benefit of a formal transition team, so it falls to the school-based SLP to identify an appropriate plan when the student returns to school. Optimally, the school-based SLP can communicate with the hospital-based SLP to discuss medical factors that will affect school performance, but administrative constraints often limit the ability of medical SLPs to communicate directly with school-based SLPs or attend school meetings. As a result of these constraints, school-based SLPs may have only the hospital SLP's report to guide them in identifying appropriate assessment and intervention plans for the child. Medical reports can be challenging to navigate, as each area of practice has its own jargon and the goals and methods used in medical settings differ substantially from those in schools. In this article, we deconstruct a typical medical SLP report and discuss ways to use information in the report to identify appropriate services for children with TBI who are returning to school.
Taking Care of Children After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Haarbauer-Krupa Julie 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this article is to inform speech-language pathologists in the schools about issues related to the care of children with traumatic brain injury.Method: Literature review of characteristics, outcomes and issues related to the needs serving children.Results: Due to acquired changes in cognition, children with traumatic brain injury have unique needs in a school setting.Conclusions: Speech-Language Pathologists in the school can take a leadership role with taking care of children after a traumatic brain injury and coordination of medical and educational information.
Nachrichten aus der internationalen Fachliteratur
Authors: Fath Roland , Grade Marian , Baust Holger , Lichert Frank , Achenbach Johannes , Grätzel von Grätz Philipp , Kriegeskorte Volker , Weiß Maria 
Published: November 2012

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Rubrik fassen wir Nachrichten aus der Wissenschaft kurz und prägnant für Sie zusammen. In der aktuellen Ausgabe mit folgenden Themen:
Geriatrische Patienten – Typische Probleme und ihre Behandlung
Authors: Frohnhofen Helmut , Willschrei Heinz Peter 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNur wenn man die geriatrischen Probleme dieser Patienten rechtzeitig erkennt und auf die dadurch bedingten Bedürfnisse eingeht, kann man das Risiko von Komplikationen und ungünstigen Krankenhausverläufen reduzieren. Zu den häufigsten Problemen älterer Patienten, die im Beitrag erläutert werden, zählen die Altersgebrechlichkeit (Frailty), die Störung der Kognition (Demenz-Syndrome), der unsichere Gang mit Sturzrisiko, verordnete oder tolerierte Bettruhe mit dem Risiko eines Dekubitus, unerkannter und unbehandelter Schmerz, Polypharmazie, Mangelernährung und ein gestörter Schluckakt. Parameter der Funktionalität und Kognition müssen frühzeitig in ein umfassendes Behandlungskonzept integriert werden.Das geriatrische Assessment deckt sowohl Probleme wie auch Ressourcen und Potenziale auf.
Medikamente in der Schwangerschaft – Welche Substanzen eignen sich im Akutfall?
Authors: Nauheimer Dirk 
Published: November 2012

ZusammenfassungEine Vielzahl an Medikamenten passiert leicht die Plazenta und stellt während der Schwangerschaft wie auch peripartal ein potenzielles Risiko für Fetus oder Neugeborenen dar. Trotz aller Zurückhaltung lässt es sich nicht immer vermeiden, während der Schwangerschaft Medikamente zu verordnen. Häufig notwendig wird dies im Rahmen von ungeplanten Krankenhausaufenthalten oder zur Geburtshilfe. Neben den geburtshilflichen Eingriffen stellen sich jedes Jahr etwa 0.5–2% der Schwangeren zu nichtgynäkologischen Eingriffen in der Klinik vor. Daher ist das Wissen um die mütterlichen physiologischen Veränderungen während der Schwangerschaft sowie um mögliche negative Einflüsse häufig verwendeter Medikamente im klinischen Alltag auf Mutter und Fetus von besonderer Bedeutung. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den physiologischen Veränderungen in der Schwangerschaft und den Auswirkungen verschiedener Substanzen mit dem Ziel, die Anwendung im akuten Anwendungsbereich für Mutter und Fetus so sicher wie möglich zu gestalten.
Influence of stoichiometry and structure on the optical properties of AlNxOy films
Authors: Borges J , Barradas N P , Alves E , Beaufort M F , Eyidi D , Vaz F , Marques L 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The AlN
x
O
y
system offers the possibility to obtain a wide range of responses, by tailoring the properties between Al, AlN and Al2O3, opening a significant number of possible applications. The aim of this work is to correlate the optical properties of AlN
x
O
y
thin films with their composition and structural features, taking as reference the binary systems AlN
x
and AlO
y
. In the AlN
x
system, the increase in the nitrogen content induced a wide variation in the optical properties, ranging from the typical profile of a polycrystalline Al-type film towards nearly constant reflectance values as low as 5%, as well as a smooth increase in samples transparency as the ratio N/Al approached unit. In the case of the AlO
y
system, the reflectance also decreased as the oxygen content increased; however, the transition to transparent films (Al2O3-like) was more abrupt. The ternary system AlN
x
O
y
, revealed optical responses that ranged from a typical profile of a polycrystalline Al-type film towards low and constant reflectance values in a wide range of x and y coefficients, ending up as semi-transparent when Al2O3-like films were formed. The unusual low optical reflectance of some films reveals some potential applications in solar power systems and sensors.
Current aspects of the spectrum of acute heart failure syndromes in a real‐life setting: the OFICA study
Authors: Logeart Damien , Isnard Richard , Resche‐Rigon Matthieu , Seronde Marie‐France , de Groote Pascal , Jondeau Guillaume , Galinier Michel , Mulak Geneviève , Donal Erwan , Delahaye François , Juilliere Yves , Damy Thibaud , Jourdain Patrick , Bauer Fabrice , Eicher Jean‐Christophe , Neuder Yannick , Trochu Jean‐Noël ,   on behalf of the working group on Heart Failure of the French Society of Cardiology
Published: November 2012

AimsTo improve knowledge of epidemiological data, management, and clinical outcome of acute heart failure (AHF) in a real‐life setting in France.Methods and resultsWe conducted an observational survey constituting a single‐day snapshot of all unplanned hospitalizations because of AHF in 170 hospitals throughout France (the OFICA survey). A total of 1658 patients (median age 79 years, 55% male) were included. Family doctors were the first medical contact in 43% of cases, and patients were admitted through emergency departments in 64% of cases. Clinical scenarios were mainly acutely decompensated HF (48%) and acute pulmonary oedema (38%) with similar clinical and biological characteristics as well as outcome. Characteristics were different and severity higher in both shock and right HF. Infection and arrhythmia were the most frequent precipitating factors (27% and 24% of cases); diabetes and chronic pulmonary disease were the most frequent co‐morbidities (31% and 21%). Over 80% of patients underwent both natriuretic peptide testing and echocardiography. LVEF was preserved (>50%) in 36% of patients and associated with specific characteristics and lower severity. Median hospital stay was 13 days; in‐hospital mortality was 8.2%, and independent predictors were age, blood pressure, and creatinine. Treatment at discharge in patients with reduced LVEF included ACE inhibitors/ARBs, beta‐blockers, and aldosterone inhibitors in 78, 67, and 27% cases. Non‐surgical devices were reported in <20% of potential candidates.ConclusionThis comprehensive survey analysing AHF in real life emphasizes the heterogeneous nature and overall high severity of AHF. It could be a useful tool to identify unsolved medical issues and improve outcome.Trial registration: NCT01080937
Complications of Flat Bed Rest After Incidental Durotomy
Authors: Radcliff Kristen E. , Sidhu Gursukhman D.S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Gruskay Jordan , Anderson David Greg , Hilibrand Alan , Albert Todd J. , Vaccaro Alexander R. 
Published: November 2012

Study Design:
Retrospective case series.

Objective:
To determine whether bed rest is a risk factor for specific medical complications.

Summary of Background Data:
Flat bed rest after incidental durotomy is commonly used to reduce the risk of CSF leakage and associated complications.

Methods:
Retrospective case series of consecutive patients after lumbar laminectomy were identified. Medical records were reviewed for duration of bed rest and complications (pulmonary, wound, neurological, gastrointestinal, and urinary) in the chart notes, repair methods, subfascial drain placement, consultant notes, imaging reports, and discharge summaries. Patients were compared with duration of bed rest >24 hours versus duration of bed rest ≤24 hours. The incidence of complications was compared between groups using the Fisher exact test.

Results:
There were a total of 42 patients with incidental durotomy. There were 18 patients in the bed rest ≤24 hours group and 24 patients in the bed rest >24 hours group. Comparing the bed rest ≤24 hours to bed rest >24 hours patients, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of postdurotomy-related neurological complications, wound complications, and need for revision surgery. There was a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of total medical complications in the ≤24-hour group (0% vs. 50%, P=0.0003).

Conclusion:
There was an increased incidence of medical complications in the bed rest group >24 hours. Flat bed rest after modern dural repair method may not be a necessity in all cases and may be associated with a higher incidence of medical complications.
Metabolomic Phenotyping Validates the Infant Rhesus Monkey as a Model of Human Infant Metabolism
Authors: O'Sullivan Aifric , He Xuan , McNiven Elizabeth M.S. , Hinde Katie , Haggarty Neill W. , Lönnerdal Bo , Slupsky Carolyn M. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTObjectives:Rhesus macaque monkeys are widely used as models for human physiology and behavior. They are particularly suited for studies on infant nutrition and metabolism; however, few studies have directly compared their metabolic or microbiological phenotypes. The aim of the present study was to compare the metabolomic profiles and microbiome of milk from human and rhesus mothers, and the metabolomic profiles of urine and serum from human and rhesus infants to establish the value of this model for human nutrition research.Methods:Milk samples were collected from rhesus and human mothers at similar stages of lactation. Urine and serum samples were collected from breast‐fed rhesus and human infants. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were acquired for all samples and metabolites were identified and quantified using targeted profiling techniques. The microbial community structure of milk was examined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results:An identical set of metabolites was identified in the urine and serum profiles from human and rhesus infants. In urine, 65% of the metabolites were present at similar concentrations, whereas ∼40% were similar in serum. The gross composition of human and rhesus milk was comparable, including the overall microbial community at both the phylum and order level; however, some oligosaccharides found in human milk were not present in monkey milk.Conclusions:Comparison of the milk microbiome and urine, serum, and milk metabolome of rhesus macaques and humans has revealed substantial similarities that provide unique biological information highlighting the significance of rhesus macaques as a model for infant nutrition and developmental research.
You Look All Right to Me
Authors: Hill Rebecca J. , Davies Peter S.W. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTObjectives:It is reported that malnutrition is not a feature of ulcerative colitis (UC). Body mass index (BMI) is frequently used clinically to indicate nutritional status; however, it is a proxy measure at best, and body cell mass (BCM) is a much more accurate representation. The present study aims to investigate BMI in patients with UC in relation to their BCM.Methods:A total of 18 patients (7M; 11F) had their nutritional status (BCM) measured using total body potassium40 counting every 6 months to yield a total of 77 measurements. BCM measurements were adjusted for height and sex, and BMI was calculated as weight/height2, with z scores determined for both parameters. Disease activity was determined using the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index.Results:Mean (±SD) height, weight, BMI, and BCM z scores were 0.39 (0.96), 0.20 (1.08), −0.05 (1.18), and −0.74 (1.41), respectively. No correlation was found between BMI and BCM z scores, and these z scores were significantly different (P = 0.02), particularly in the moderate/severe disease activity group (P = 0.01). Mean BCM z scores were −0.69 (1.65) of a z score below BMI z scores. Furthermore, where BMI z scores showed no relation to disease activity and no differences between disease activity categories, BCM z scores were significantly negatively correlated (r = −0.32, P = 0.01), with significantly lower scores found in the moderate/severe group (P = 0.01).Conclusions:Simply calculating BMI in patients with UC does not give adequate information regarding nutritional status, and more accurate, yet easily accessible “bedside” techniques need to be determined to improve patient care.