bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “Quality Attestation” Process and the Risk of the False Positive
Authors: Fiester Autumn 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Quality Attestation Presidential Task Force's recent proposal for “quality attestation” (QA) of clinical ethics consultants was advanced on the premise that, “[g]iven the importance of clinical ethics consultation, the people doing it should be asked to show that they do it well.” To this end, the task force attempted to develop “a standardized system for proactively assessing the knowledge, skills, and practice of clinical ethicists.” But can this proposed method deliver? If the proposed QA process is flawed, it will label clinical ethicists as qualified to do clinical ethics consultations (CECs) when they are not. The result will be the creation of a new, likely intractable, problem of CEC “false positives:” consultants who have passed QA without actually possessing the requisite knowledge and skills to perform CECs.To avoid the risk of false positives, the QAPTF needs to conduct a rigorous analysis of the skills that the QA process will be positioned to judge and those that are simply beyond the scope of its current metrics. Rather than “attesting” to overall CEC “quality,” QA needs to be precise about the skill inventory it can confirm yet honest about the skills it has no basis to assess. I will argue here that QA has strong prospects for accurately assessing consultants’ competence in ethical analysis but very weak prospects for determining competence in two other skills listed as essential by the QAPTF: value‐neutrality and conflict resolution.
Financial Side Effects: Why Patients Should Be Informed of Costs
Authors: Hall Alicia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe U.S. health care system is ostensibly market based and therefore at least partially reliant on competition and consumer demand to regulate costs. Yet information about an essential feature of market transactions—costs—is typically obscure to patients until long after treatment. When discussing what must be disclosed for informed consent, the same list of required information is often mentioned regardless of the health care system in question, and information about costs rarely merits a place within this list. However, our assumptions about what a moral principle requires need to be responsive to the realities of the health care system in which the principle is applied.This paper explores the moral foundations of disclosure and informed consent to argue that, in a market‐based system of the sort found in the United States, these same considerations support a requirement to disclose out‐of‐pocket costs before patients receive care. Next, I consider two objections to this view: first, that health care practitioners should focus solely on medical considerations in their encounters with patients and, second, that disclosing out‐of‐pocket costs would be too difficult to be mandated. I argue that medical and financial interests are inseparable within the U.S. health care system. If the difficulties in disclosing costs are deemed insurmountable, then the current system may prove unsustainable, both morally and financially, since we face the same practical impediments to implementing any meaningful consumer‐driven, market‐based health care reform. Finally, I explore some of the consequences of failing to disclose costs. The requirements of disclosing costs can be supported by the principle of respect for autonomy, regardless of the consequences, but in light of the consequences of the decision of whether to disclose, a concern about justice provides further support.
Toward a British Taxonomy of Perceived Managerial and Leadership Effectiveness
Authors: Hamlin Robert G. , Hatton Alf 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA long‐standing problem in management research has been the lack of agreement about the specific managerial behaviors that are most closely associated with effective management practice and leadership practice. The study reports the results of a qualitative multiple cross‐case and cross‐sector exploration of what managers and nonmanagerial employees within British public‐, private‐, and third‐sector organizations perceive as effective and least effective/ineffective managerial behavior. Based on empirical findings obtained from nine prior emic replication studies, our derived etic comparative analysis has led to a deduced taxonomy of perceived managerial and leadership effectiveness comprised of eight positive (effective) and six negative (least effective/ineffective) generic behavioral criteria. Comparisons against extant U.S.‐derived taxonomies have revealed many similarities but also significant differences. The findings go against the grain of predominant discourse, and challenge long‐held, taken‐for‐granted assumptions about the “contingent” nature of management and leadership. Implications for HRD research and practice are discussed.
Competency Models at Work: The Value of Perceived Relevance and Fair Rewards for Employee Outcomes
Authors: Redmond Elizabeth 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to generate empirical knowledge on how employees perceive and respond to competency models at work. A cross‐sectional survey of 278 employees in four Norwegian organizations showed that competency models perceived as strategically and personally relevant and fairly rewarded were positively related to supervisor‐rated work effort and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and self‐rated “employability” outcomes. Exchange relationships mediated the link between competency model perceptions and work effort and OCB. Social exchange relationships marginally mediated the link between competency model perceptions and employees' openness to job‐related changes and engagement in activities aimed at improving one's employability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Role of Human Resource Management in Strategy Making
Authors: Juul Andersen Torben , Minbaeva Dana 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAmong the strategy scholars, there is general consensus that responsive‐integrative strategy making is essential for ensuring a competitive advantage in contemporary dynamic environments. What is the role of HR in this process, and how can HR support responsive‐integrative strategy making? To answer these questions, we use illustrative experiences from Chr. Hansen, a global supplier of bioscience‐based ingredients to the food, health, and animal feed industries. We argue that HR's strategic role lies in providing support for both centralized and decentralized strategy making by offering aspirations for strategic decisions and by gathering various sources of inspiration for strategy discussions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A framework for establishing restoration goals for contaminated ecosystems
Authors: Wagner Anne M , Larson Diane L , DalSoglio Julie A , Harris James A , Labus Paul , Rosi-Marshall Emma J , Skrabis Kristin E 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
As natural resources become increasingly limited, the value of restoring contaminated sites, both terrestrial and aquatic, becomes increasingly apparent. Traditionally, goals for remediation have been set before any consideration of goals for ecological restoration. The goals for remediation have focused on removing or limiting contamination whereas restoration goals have targeted the ultimate end use. Here, we present a framework for developing a comprehensive set of achievable goals for ecological restoration of contaminated sites to be used in concert with determining goals for remediation. This framework was developed during a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) and Society of Ecological Restoration (SER) cosponsored workshop that brought together experts from multiple countries. Although most members were from North America, this framework is designed for use internationally. We discuss the integration of establishing goals for both contaminant remediation and overall restoration, and the need to include both the restoration of ecological and socio-cultural-economic value in the context of contaminated sites. Although recognizing that in some countries there may be regulatory issues associated with contaminants and clean up, landscape setting and social drivers can inform the restoration goals. We provide a decision tree support tool to guide the establishment of restoration goals for contaminated ecosystems. The overall intent of this decision tree is to provide a framework for goal setting and to identify outcomes achievable given the contamination present at a site. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:264–272. 2015 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
Key Points
Integration of remediation and ecological restoration from the outset through collective goal setting has been shown to result in successful outcomes for restoring contaminated lands and waters. A decision tree support tool is provided to guide the establishment of restoration goals for contaminated ecosystems.
Quantitative analysis of the SN in Parkinson's disease implementing 3D modeling at 7.0‐T MRI
Authors: Oh Se‐Hong , Jeong Hye‐Jin , Kim Jong‐Min , Kwon Dae‐Hyuk , Park Sung‐Yeon , Park Joshua H. , Kim Young‐Bo , Chi Je‐Geun , Park Chan‐Woong , Jeon Beom S. , Cho Zang‐Hee 
Published: October 2015

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). In our previous study, attempts were made to directly visualize the SN and quantify the differences in shapes and boundaries of the SN between PD subjects and comparison to the normal control subjects using two‐dimensional T2*‐weighted 7.0‐T MRI images (Cho et al., Mov Disord, accepted for publication). However, a two‐dimensional analysis does not represent the entire SN. Therefore, to overcome the limitation of 2D analysis, we acquire 3D image of the SN. For this study, we scanned nine PD patients, along with nine age‐matched control subjects, using a research prototype 7.0‐T MRI scanner in an attempt to visualize the 3D shape of the SN and quantify differences in the volume of the SN between PD subjects and normal control subjects. The shape change of the ventrolateral boundaries of the SN in PD cases was reconfirmed in this 3D study as well as in our previous 2D study (Cho et al., Mov Disord, accepted for publication). Another interesting finding of this study was that 3D MR imaging study demonstrated the potential of the 7.0‐T MRI in the quantification of volume changes in the SN. The measured correlation analyses showed that there is age‐dependent correlation and substantially stronger unified Parkinson's disease rating scale motor score‐dependent correlation in PD patients. These results suggest that 7.0‐T 3D T2*‐weighted MR imaging could provide the quantitative estimation of volume changes in the SN in PD patients in vivo for comparison with normal controls in vivo. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 21, 253–259, 2011;
REAL‐TIME PREDICTION OF CHLOROPHYLL‐A TIME SERIES IN A EUTROPHIC AGRICULTURAL RESERVOIR IN A COASTAL ZONE USING RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS WITH PERIODIC CHAOS NEURONS
Authors: Harada Masayoshi , Tominaga Takafumi , Hiramatsu Kazuaki , Marui Atsushi 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTTo assess the water environmental dynamics related to a phytoplankton, the water quality dynamics in a eutrophic reservoir in a flat low‐lying agricultural area were analyzed from the viewpoint of short‐time prediction of time series data using artificial intelligence. A recurrent neural network model with periodic chaos neurons was used for the real‐time prediction of chlorophyll‐a time series on the basis of on‐site continuous observation data. These data consisted of the chlorophyll‐a from four algae classes, Chlorophyceae, cyanobacteria, diatom/dinoflagellates, and cryptophytes, measured by a submerged fluorometer. The results suggest that study of a neural network could be performed sufficiently for teaching data of which a value of the fractal dimension calculated by the Higuchi method was smaller. In addition, it is possible to conduct a short‐time prediction of chlorophyll‐a time series such that an upper limit of lead time could be beyond 12 h when there is an analogous time–frequency characteristic between the teaching and the predicting data. In conclusion, a recurrent chaotic neural network could be an effective analysis tool for short‐time prediction of water quality on the basis of continuous observations, and the potential for prediction can be determined quantitatively using Higuchi's fractal dimension and time–frequency maps. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitric oxide, S‐Nitrosation, and endothelial permeability
Authors: Durán Walter N. , Beuve Annie V. , Sánchez Fabiola A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractS‐Nitrosation is rapidly emerging as a regulatory mechanism in vascular biology, with particular importance in the onset of hyperpermeability induced by pro‐inflammatory agents. This review focuses on the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)‐derived nitric oxide (NO) in regulating S‐Nitrosation of adherens junction proteins. We discuss evidence for translocation of eNOS, via caveolae, to the cytosol and analyze the significance of eNOS location for S‐Nitrosation and onset of endothelial hyperpermeability to macromolecules. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(10):819‐826, 2013
Functional role of transient conformations: Rediscovering “chronosteric effects” thirty years later
Authors: Ascenzi Paolo , Gianni Stefano 
Published: October 2015

AbstractProteins are dynamic entities that exert, in some cases, their functions via complex pathways, involving active transient species. This phenomenon was highlighted for the first time in 1983 by Antonini et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 258, 4676–4678), who demonstrated that at least one intermediate occurring in the formation of the bovine β‐trypsin–Kunitz inhibitor complex displayed catalytic properties different from those of the active enzyme and of the inactive enzyme–inhibitor adduct. Since it was impossible to explain this phenomenon in terms of static three‐dimensional structures, the term “chronosteric effects” was coined to capture the observation that transient species are relevant to protein function(s). Here, some recent results on the folding and function of proteins are reported on the light of chronosteric effects. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(10):836‐844, 2013
Iron homeostasis in insects: Insights from Drosophila studies
Authors: Tang Xiaona , Zhou Bing 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIron is essential for the survival of almost all organisms. Our current understanding of iron metabolism in different organisms suggests it is a partially conserved but not identical process. Many aspects of iron metabolism in insects remain poorly understood. This review summarizes what we know so far about insect iron homeostasis, including dietary iron absorption, iron transport and storage, as well as homeostasis regulation. New findings made in the model organism Drosophila are emphasized and their implications discussed. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(10):863–872, 2013
The Racial and Ethnic Identity Formation Process of Second‐Generation Asian Indian Americans: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Iwamoto Derek Kenji , Negi Nalini Junko , Partiali Rachel Negar , Creswell John W. 
Published: October 2015

This phenomenological study elucidates the identity development processes of 12 second‐generation adult Asian Indian Americans. The results identify salient sociocultural factors and multidimensional processes of racial and ethnic identity development. Discrimination, parental, and community factors seemed to play a salient role in influencing participants’ racial and ethnic identity development. The emergent Asian Indian American racial and ethnic identity model provides a contextualized overview of key developmental periods and turning points within the process of identity development.Este estudio fenomenológico dilucida los procesos de desarrollo de la indentidad de 12 individuos Americano‐Indoasiáticos adultos. Los resultados identifican factores socioculturales destacados y procesos multidimensionales del desarrollo de la identidad racial y étnica. Los factores de discriminación, paternos y comunitarios parecieron jugar un papel destacado en su influencia sobre el desarrollo de la identidad racial y étnica de los participantes. El modelo emergente de identidad racial y étnica Americano‐Indoasiática proporciona una visión general contextualizada de los periodos clave del desarrollo y los puntos de inflexión durante el proceso del desarrollo de la identidad.
1.4.1 Preferential System Connectivity and its Impact on Performance
Authors: Flanigan David , Dixon Jeffery 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDuring the course of developing system performance requirements, the requirements engineer often refers to the connectivity between external nodes of the system in question. This connectivity is often documented in an adjacency matrix, or N2 diagram, in order to show the one or two way connections between systems. However, there is no means to show preferential connectivity if the system had an option to connect with a different system during the course of the mission, and assess the impact of the overall performance based on the connection selected. This paper develops a means to describe and quantify the impact of the preferential connection on the final outcome through an illustrative example.
3.2.1 Developing empirical connections based on interrelation analysis between technical activities of systems engineering and FEED processes in plant ‐ construction industry
Authors: Hong Dae‐Geun , Byun Hee‐Chul , Suh Suk‐Hwan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPlant owners and engineering, procurement and construction contractors are facing increasing pressure to increase plant efficiency, reliability, availability and safety. Front End Engineering and Design (FEED) is a key process that identifies technical challenges and estimates investment cost. Systems engineering (SE) translates an operational need into a system designed to meet that need; therefore SE can help to implement FEED. This study develops guidelines about how to build and apply SE during the implementation of FEED. A House of Quality matrix is used to investigate causal connections between FEED processes in the plant‐construction industry and technical activities of SE, and a survey of engineering experts is used to quantitatively demonstrate the opportunity to increase the effectiveness of SE, and to demonstrate the implications of the relationship between FEED and SE in terms of plant type, business type, and area of expertise.
4.4.3 Coming in Under Par: What Golf Can Teach Us About Systems Engineering
Authors: Walden David D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA popular quote related to the game of golf comes from one of its greatest players, Bobby Jones:“Competitive golf is played mainly on a five‐and‐a‐half‐inch course, the space between your ears.”Since the space between one's ears is also important in Systems Engineering, perhaps the game of golf can provide us with some useful insights.This paper introduces a dozen of the more common phrases in the game of golf, such as, “keep your head down and follow through.” First, we describe what the phrase means in golf. Then, we postulate some analogies and applications of this phrase to the discipline of Systems Engineering.While lighthearted in nature, this paper seeks to do more than just entertain. The analogies we use will help to shine a light on ways to approach the challenges that Systems Engineers face in today's dynamic environment.
5.2.1 How Does A System Engineer Really Identify Interface Needs?
Authors: Grady Jeffrey O. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe author has not observed in the literature a description of an organized systematic method for identifying a need for an interface during system development on a program. Most system engineers tend to do this using experience as the early product concept design work matures and they think of it as an obvious activity. The author reached this conclusion by conducting a survey of very experienced system engineers over a period of three INCOSE IS in past years. This paper offers an alternative that is organized with clear instructions on how to accomplish the work. One could argue that it could require considerable time to accomplish in an exhaustive fashion because it involves a possibly large number of evaluations of pairs of trios of information. So, there is an up side that the method does exhaustively evaluate all possible interface needs but the method also has a down side that may involve an increase in cost during the learning curve and even thereafter. One can choose to apply the intuitive process often applied today, switch to the systematic method described in this paper, or selectively apply the systematic method where new technologies and concepts are involved.
6.3.1 Shifting Decision Perspectives for the System Engineer ‐ Integrating System Security Into the Mix
Authors: Kepchar Kenneth J 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSystem Engineering pursues balancing the forces that shape systems. As the basis of modern systems shift from analog technology to digital, the forces that drive how our systems look, feel, function, interact, and deliver value are changing rapidly. To be responsive to these changes, System Engineering needs to consider a “new reality” on the set of decision drivers for modern complex systems. Using transportation as a backdrop and system security as the example of how design considerations are necessarily changing, this paper explores the evolving application of System Engineering principles and practices.
7.1.2 Concept Selection ‐ Applying Pugh Matrices in the Subsea Processing Domain
Authors: Lønmo Linda , Muller Gerrit 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper discusses the application of Pugh matrices in concept selections within the subsea processing department of FMC Technologies. The focus is not the concepts themselves or requirements management, but on applying Pugh matrices in conceptual system studies. Previous research by Master students in the oil & gas industry shows resistance amongst engineers and managers towards using Pugh matrices. The application of the Pugh matrix in these studies showed that if applied on the correct level of detail as part of the concept selection process, it is a powerful tool. It forces reasoning to be based on explicit criteria and also serves the purpose of documenting the decision making. This level of documentation and definition/selection of criteria goes beyond the normal practice today. The study teams gained a broader and deeper understanding of the design problems in addition to securing the quality of the concept selection process. The involved engineers readily adopted the Pugh matrix and they intend to continue using it, mainly due to its ability to force structural thinking in complex systems.