bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hansenula polymorpha as a novel yeast system for the expression of heterologous genes
Authors: SUDBERY P. E. , GLEESON M. A. , VEALE R. A. , LEDEBOER A. M. , ZOETMULDER M. C. M. 
Published: August 2015

Summary
The advantages of Hansenula polymorpha as a new yeast expression system are discussed in terms of the powerful and regulatable methanol oxidase promoter and the organism's ability to grow on cheap carbon sources. The development of techniques for conventional genetic analysis is described. A total of 218 mutants have been assigned to 62 complementation groups, three genes have been found to be linked forming the first linkage group in this organism. Methods for molecular transformation have been developed allowing the expression of heterologous genes. The disruptive integration and expression of the neomycin phosphotransferase is described.
Heparan sulphate proteoglycans on rat parathyroid cells recycle in low Ca2+ medium
Authors: TAKEUCHI YASUHIRO , SAKAGUCHI KAZUSHIGE , YANAGISHITA MASAKI , HASCALL VINCENT C. 
Published: August 2015

Summary
A rat parathyroid cell line, with some differentiated properties of the parathyroid gland, synthesizes predominantly a heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HS-PG) typical of cell surface HS-PGs (core protein = ∼ 70 kDa, three to four HS chains of ∼ 30 kDa). A 10 min pulse-chase protocol was used to determine the metabolic fate of the HS-PGs for cells maintained in 2.1 mM-Ca2+ (high Ca) or in 0.05 mM-Ca2+ (low Ca). In low Ca, ∼ 60% of the labelled HS-PGs reach the cell surface (t1/2= ∼ 15 min) as determined by trypsin accessibility. This population of HS-PGs recycles (t1/2= ∼ 9 min) between the cell surface and an intracellular (presumably endosome) compartment. After ∼ 2 h, this population of HS-PGs is internalized and rapidly degraded in lysosomes. In high Ca, only ∼ 10% of the HS-PGs reach the cell surface, where they do not recycle. Changing from high to low Ca any time between 30–120 min of chase, rapidly (t1/2 less than 4 min) redistributes the HS-PGs to the cell surface where they begin recycling; conversely, changing from low to high Ca leads to a rapid sequestration of the cell surface HS-PGs within the cells. Other divalent cations fail to minic the response to Ca2+. The results suggest that most of the HS-PGs in this cell line are anchored in a membrane compartment involved in a transport process between endosomes and the cell surface which is regulated by the concentration of extracellular Ca2+.
ATP-promoted interaction between Clp A and Clp P in activation of Clp protease from Escherichia coli
Authors: Maurizi Michael R. 
Published: August 2015

Summary
Clp protease is a high relative molecular mass, ATP-dependent protease found in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. Clp protease is composed of two protein components, Clp A, which has ATPase activity, and Clp P, which has the proteolytic active site and is activated by Clp A in the presence of ATP. Clp P subunits (Mr = 21 500) are arranged in two hexagonal rings directly superimposed on each other, and under low salt conditions two dodecamers associate to form a particle with Mr ~ 440 000. Clp A (subunit Mr = 83 000) and Clp P do not associate in the absence of nucleotide, but Clp A with ATP bound associates with Clp P to form an active proteolytic complex with Mr ~ 700 000. Although adenosine 5′-[βγ-imido]triphosphate (AMPPNP) weakly promotes association between Clp A and Clp P, non-hydrolysable analogues of ATP do not activate proteolysis, indicating that association between the components is not sufficient to allow proteolysis. Association between Clp A and Clp P does not alter the basal ATPase activity of Clp A, but addition of protein substrates is accompanied by an increase in ATP hydrolysis by Clp A. Chemically-inactivated Clp P or inactive mutants of Clp P also associate with Clp A, but no increase in the ATPase activity of Clp A is observed, either in the presence or absence of protein substrates, when Clp P is inactive. Thus the increased ATP hydrolysis is dependent on active proteolysis. These data indicate that ATP has two functions in activating Clp protease: an allosteric role in promoting association between the subunits and a mechanistically undefined role in promoting continuous rounds of peptide bond cleavage. These functions may be separately fulfilled by the two ATP-binding sites identified by sequence analysis on each Clp A subunit.
Metabolic and cellular bases of sphingolipidoses
Authors: Sandhoff Konrad 
Published: August 2015

Lysosomes are cellular stomachs. They degrade macromolecules and release their components as nutrients into the cytosol. Digestion of sphingolipids and other membrane lipids occurs at luminal intraendosomal vesicles and IMs (intraendosomal membranes). Sphingolipid and membrane digestion needs catabolic hydrolases with the help of lipid-binding proteins [SAPs (sphingolipid activator proteins)] and anionic lipids such as BMP [bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate]. Inherited defects of hydrolases or SAPs or uptake of cationic amphiphilic drugs cause lipid accumulation, eventually leading to death, especially in inherited sphingolipid storage diseases. IMs are formed during endocytosis and their lipid composition is adjusted for degradation. Their cholesterol content, which stabilizes membranes, decreases and the level of negatively charged BMP, which stimulates sphingolipid degradation, increases. At the level of late endosomes, cholesterol is transported out of the luminal vesicles preferentially by cholesterol-binding proteins, NPC (Niemann–Pick type C)-2 and NPC-1. Their defects lead to an endolysosomal accumulation of cholesterol and sphingolipids in Niemann–Pick type C disease. BMP and ceramide stimulate NPC-2-mediated cholesterol transfer, whereas sphingomyelin inhibits it. Anionic membrane lipids also activate sphingomyelin degradation by ASM (acid sphingomyelinase), facilitating cholesterol export by NPC-2. ASM is a non-specific phospholipase C and degrades more than 23 phospholipids. SAPs are membrane-perturbing proteins which solubilize lipids, facilitating glycolipid digestion by presenting them to soluble catabolic enzymes at acidic pH. High BMP and low cholesterol levels favour lipid extraction and membrane disintegration by saposin A and B. The simultaneous inherited defect of saposins A–D causes a severe membrane and sphingolipid storage disease, also disrupting the water permeability barrier of the skin.
Is the cellular and molecular machinery docile in the stationary phase of Escherichia coli?
Authors: Mehta Parul , Jovanovic Goran , Ying Liming , Buck Martin 
Published: August 2015

The bacterial cell envelope retains a highly dense cytoplasm. The properties of the cytoplasm change with the metabolic state of the cell, the logarithmic phase (log) being highly active and the stationary phase metabolically much slower. Under the differing growth phases, many different types of stress mechanisms are activated in order to maintain cellular integrity. One such response in enterobacteria is the phage shock protein (Psp) response that enables adaptation to the inner membrane (IM) stress. The Psp system consists of a transcriptional activator PspF, negative regulator PspA, signal sensors PspBC, with PspA and PspG acting as effectors. The single molecule imaging of the PspF showed the existence of dynamic communication between the nucleoid-bound states of PspF and membrane via negative regulator PspA and PspBC sensors. The movement of proteins in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells is often by passive diffusion. It is plausible that the dynamics of the biomolecules differs with the state of the cytoplasm depending on the growth phase. Therefore, the Psp response proteins might encounter the densely packed glass-like properties of the cytoplasm in the stationary phase, which can influence their cellular dynamics and function. By comparing the properties of the log and stationary phases, we find that the dynamics of PspF are influenced by the growth phase and may be controlled by the changes in the cytoplasmic fluidity.
Bridging the Gap Between Research and Practice: Implementation Science
Authors: Olswang Lesley B. , Prelock Patricia A. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
This article introduces implementation science, which focuses on research methods that promote the systematic application of research findings to practice.

Method
The narrative defines implementation science and highlights the importance of moving research along the pipeline from basic science to practice as one way to facilitate evidence-based service delivery. This review identifies challenges in developing and testing interventions in order to achieve widespread adoption in practice settings. A framework for conceptualizing implementation research is provided, including an example to illustrate the application of principles in speech-language pathology. Last, the authors reflect on the status of implementation research in the discipline of communication sciences and disorders.

Conclusions
The extant literature highlights the value of implementation science for reducing the gap between research and practice in our discipline. While having unique principles guiding implementation research, many of the challenges and questions are similar to those facing any investigators who are attempting to design valid and reliable studies. This article is intended to invigorate interest in the uniqueness of implementation science among those pursuing both basic and applied research. In this way, it should help ensure the discipline's knowledge base is realized in practice and policy that affects the lives of individuals with communication disorders.
Designing Caregiver-Implemented Shared-Reading Interventions to Overcome Implementation Barriers
Authors: Justice Laura M. , Logan Jessica R. , Damschroder Laura 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
This study presents an application of the theoretical domains framework (TDF; Michie et al., 2005), an integrative framework drawing on behavior-change theories, to speech-language pathology.

Methods
A multistep procedure was used to identify barriers affecting caregivers' implementation of shared-reading interventions with their children with language impairment (LI). The authors examined caregiver-level data corresponding to implementation issues from two randomized controlled trials and mapped these to domains in the TDF as well as empirically validated behavior-change techniques.

Results
Four barriers to implementation were identified as potentially affecting caregivers' implementation: time pressures, reading difficulties, discomfort with reading, and lack of awareness of benefits. These were mapped to 3 TDF domains: intentions, beliefs about capabilities, and skills. In turn, 4 behavior-change techniques were identified as potential vehicles for affecting these domains: reward, feedback, model, and encourage. An ongoing study is described that is determining the effects of these techniques for improving caregivers' implementation of a shared-reading intervention.

Conclusions
A description of the steps to identifying barriers to implementation, in conjunction with an ongoing experiment that will explicitly determine whether behavior-change techniques affect these barriers, provides a model for how implementation science can be used to identify and overcome implementation barriers in the treatment of communication disorders.
Triangular Titanium Implants for Minimally Invasive Sacroiliac Joint Fusion: A Prospective Study
Authors: Duhon Bradley S. , Cher Daniel J. , Wine Kathryn D. , Kovalsky Don A. , Lockstadt Harry 
Published: August 2015

Study Design Prospective multicenter single-arm interventional clinical trial. Objective To determine the degree of improvement in sacroiliac (SI) joint pain, disability related to SI joint pain, and quality of life in patients with SI joint dysfunction who undergo minimally invasive SI joint fusion using triangular-shaped titanium implants. Methods Subjects ( n = 172) underwent minimally invasive SI joint fusion between August 2012 and January 2014 and completed structured assessments preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, including a 100-mm SI joint and back pain visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short Form-36 (SF-36), and EuroQOL-5D. Patient satisfaction with surgery was assessed at 6 and 12 months. Results Mean SI joint pain improved from 79.8 at baseline to 30.0 and 30.4 at 6 and 12 months, respectively (mean improvements of 49.9 and 49.1 points, p < 0.0001 each). Mean ODI improved from 55.2 at baseline to 32.5 and 31.4 at 6 and 12 months (improvements of 22.7 and 23.9 points, p < 0.0001 each). SF-36 physical component summary improved from 31.7 at baseline to 40.2 and 40.3 at 6 and 12 months ( p < 0.0001). At 6 and 12 months, 93 and 87% of subjects, respectively, were somewhat or very satisfied and 92 and 91%, respectively, would have the procedure again. Conclusions Minimally invasive SI joint fusion resulted in improvement of pain, disability, and quality of life in patients with SI joint dysfunction due to degenerative sacroiliitis and SI joint disruption.
A DEMETER-like DNA demethylase governs tomato fruit ripening
Authors: Liu Ruie , How-Kit Alexandre , Stammitti Linda , Teyssier Emeline , Rolin Dominique , Mortain-Bertrand Anne , Halle Stefanie , Liu Mingchun , Kong Junhua , Wu Chaoqun , Degraeve-Guibault Charlotte , Chapman Natalie H. , Maucourt Mickael , Hodgman T. Charlie , Tost Jörg , Bouzayen Mondher , Hong Yiguo , Seymour Graham B. , Giovannoni James J. , Gallusci Philippe 
Published: August 2015

Significance
This work shows that active DNA demethylation governs ripening, an important plant developmental process. Our work defines a molecular mechanism, which has until now been missing, to explain the correlation between genomic DNA demethylation and fruit ripening. It demonstrates a direct cause-and-effect relationship between active DNA demethylation and induction of gene expression in fruits. The importance of these findings goes far beyond understanding the developmental biology of ripening and provides an innovative strategy for its fine control through fine modulation of epimarks in the promoters of ripening related genes. Our results have significant application for plant breeding especially in species with limited available genetic variation.
Assessment and diagnosis of psychiatric disorder in adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Underwood Lisa , McCarthy Jane , Chaplin Eddie , Bertelli Marco O. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present with a range of psychiatric disorders. However, making an accurate diagnosis is challenging. It is important to follow a robust and informed process in the assessment of psychopathology that is centred on the individual and their neurodevelopmental difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to provide clinicians with an evidence-based approach to the assessment process for adults with ASD presenting with a possible co-occurrent psychiatric disorder.

Design/methodology/approach
– A review of the recent literature was undertaken focusing on key papers that describe the assessment of mental health problems in adults with ASD.

Findings
– The presentation of psychiatric symptoms is influenced by the underlying developmental disorder and it is often quite different from the one of the general population. Thus, it is essential to undertake a comprehensive psychopathological assessment including a diagnostic assessment of ASD. There is a very small evidence base on the use of diagnostic tools in the assessment of adults with ASD.

Originality/value
– This is a practice review paper applying recent evidence from the literature.
The comparative state of entrepreneurial intent in Cameroon
Authors: Valliere Dave 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to report on the level of entrepreneurial intent (EI) in southwestern Cameroon, by developing and using a novel scale that avoids the problems of construct confounds that exist with most EI scales currently in the literature. This scale is also used to measure EI in Canada, as a comparative example of the Western countries typical of previous EI research, to demonstrate the stability of the scale across different cultures.Design/methodology/approach– Data are collected by survey of random participants in Jamaica and Canada. Factor analysis is used to refine the choice of scale elements from this survey. Nested structural equation modelling is then used to confirm the construct validity and to demonstrate construct stability across the two populations. The population scores are then compared byt-test.Findings– A novel ten-item scale is developed and is shown to have a stable factor structure across the two populations. Using this measure, it can be newly seen that, contrary to the expectations for low entrepreneurial prevalence and intention expressed in the literature, there is actually no significant EI deficit in Cameroon.Research limitations/implications– Previous measures of EI in the literature have been seriously confounded by adjacent constructs in the same nomological net, such as beliefs, attitudes and expectations for future behaviours. The research approach taken here demonstrates how these confounds may have led to erroneous conclusions about EI in Cameroon and potentially in other countries. The major limitation of this study is the small sample size, which should be reinforced by replication or extension in future studies.Originality/value– The development of a scale free of construct confounds represents an important step in the refinement of accurate measurement of this foundational construct in entrepreneurship research. This is underscored by the finding that EI in Cameroon may have been misreported in early research due to confounded measurement.
Feedback on students' clinical reasoning skills during fieldwork education
Authors: de Beer Marianne , Mårtensson Lena 
Published: August 2015

Background/aimFeedback on clinical reasoning skills during fieldwork education is regarded as vital in occupational therapy students' professional development. The nature of supervisors' feedback however, could be confirmative and/or corrective and corrective feedback could be with or without suggestions on how to improve. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of supervisors' feedback on final‐year occupational therapy students' clinical reasoning skills through comparing the nature of feedback with the students' subsequent clinical reasoning ability.MethodA mixed‐method approach with a convergent parallel design was used combining the collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. From focus groups and interviews with students, data were collected and analysed qualitatively to determine how the students experienced the feedback they received from their supervisors. By quantitatively comparing the final practical exam grades with the nature of the feedback, their fieldwork End‐of‐Term grades and average academic performance it became possible to merge the results for comparison and interpretation.ResultsStudents' clinical reasoning skills seem to be improved through corrective feedback if accompanied by suggestions on how to improve, irrespective of their average academic performance. Supervisors were inclined to underrate high performing students and overrate lower performing students.ConclusionsStudents who obtained higher grades in the final practical examinations received more corrective feedback with suggestions on how to improve from their supervisors. Confirmative feedback alone may not be sufficient for improving the clinical reasoning skills of students.
Engraved Suicide Notes: The Last Note Written on Body by Metallic Object
Authors: Tumram Nilesh Keshav , Ambade Vipul Namdeorao 
Published: August 2015

Abstract“Suicide notes” are the notes, where the victim has documented the intention to terminate one's own life. The victim generally writes them on a paper, notebook, wall, or mirror by means of pen or marker. However, suicide notes written on one's own body are very rare, and suicide note engraved by some metallic objects over body has not yet reported. We present two cases where the victim had used some metallic objects to write a message on the body. These may be termed “engraved suicide notes.” We believe these to be the first reported cases where a metallic object was used for engraving the last notes on the body before committing suicide.
Strongyloides stercoralis infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: diagnosis and prevention of severe strongyloidiasis
Authors: de Souza Joelma Nascimento , Inês Elizabete De Jesus , Santiago Mittermayer , Teixeira Márcia Cristina Aquino , Soares Neci Matos 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimStrongyloides stercoralis infection is usually chronic and asymptomatic and may persist undiagnosed for decades. However, in immunocompromised individuals, the infection can cause hyperinfection and dissemination. Therefore, early diagnosis is essential to prevent severe forms of strongyloidiasis. The aims of this study were: (i) to evaluate the frequency of S. stercoralis infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and (ii) to estimate specific immunoglobulins G (IgG) and E (IgE) production using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.MethodsSeventy‐five SLE patients treated with prophylactic anthelmintic therapy were evaluated using the spontaneous sedimentation (SS), Baermann–Moraes (BM) and agar plate culture (APC) methods. Serum anti‐S. stercoralis IgG and IgE antibodies were measured by ELISA.ResultsUsing parasitological methods, the frequency of intestinal parasites was 10.7%, whereas the frequency of S. stercoralis infection was 1.3%. The sensitivity of the ELISA to detect anti‐S. stercoralis IgG and IgE was 80% and 76.9%, respectively. Both assays presented the same specificity of 96.7%. The frequency of anti‐S. stercoralis IgG and IgE was 16% and 28%, respectively. Six patients were positive for both antibodies.ConclusionsDiagnostic approaches using high‐sensitivity parasitological methods and the detection of specific antibodies are essential for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised patients. Early detection of infection can alter the course of the disease via appropriate treatment, preventing the occurrence of severe strongyloidiasis.
Secretory pattern and regulatory mechanism of growth hormone in cattle
Authors: Kasuya Etsuko 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe ultradian rhythm of growth hormone (GH) secretion has been known in several animal species for years and has recently been observed in cattle. Although the physiological significance of the rhythm is not yet fully understood, it appears essential for normal growth. In this review, previous studies concerning the GH secretory pattern in cattle, including its ultradian rhythm, are introduced and the regulatory mechanism is discussed on the basis of recent findings.