bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A synthesis on land degradation in the context of sustainable development goals
Authors: Nedd Ryan , Anandhi Aavudai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLand degradation (LD) is a severe and well‐known global concern. Therefore, this review aimed to find broader connections between LD and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This literature review aims to synthesize the definitions, processes, assessments, and challenges associated with LD. Furthermore, we developed a universally applicable and concise definition of LD that links a wide range of contexts and studies. Specifically, we categorized LD‐related processes into physical, chemical, and biological processes and synthesized 20 methods/formulas used in the assessment of LD. Finally, we synthesized the most significant challenges in the context of the resolution of LD and provided corresponding recommendations. The review also identified the main SDG targets that LD directly affects and the role of LD in relation to the SDGs. Overall, we expect this literature review to be a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners aiming to obtain a comprehensive understanding of LD. The findings of this study shed light on various aspects of LD concerning the SDGs. The LD and the SDGs' processes, challenges, and interactions can be a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers. The information can facilitate sustainable and scientifically rooted use of land resources and provide knowledge and advice on combating LD to reach the specific SDGs associated with LD.
Combinatorial study of morsifications of real univariate singularities
Authors: Bodin Arnaud , García Barroso Evelia Rosa , Popescu‐Pampu Patrick , Sorea Miruna‐Ştefana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe study a broad class of morsifications of germs of univariate real analytic functions. We characterize the combinatorial types of the resulting Morse functions via planar contact trees constructed from Newton–Puiseux roots of the polar curves of the morsifications.
Parkinson's Disease Progression and Exposure to Contaminated Water at Camp Lejeune
Authors: Goldman Samuel M. , Weaver Frances M. , Gonzalez Beverly , Stroupe Kevin T. , Cao Lishan , Colletta Kalea , Brown Ethan G. , Tanner Caroline M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe recently reported an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in service members who resided at Marine Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, when water supplies were contaminated with trichloroethylene and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Prior studies suggest that environmental exposures may affect PD phenotype or progression, but this has not been reported for VOCs.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to test whether PD progression is faster in individuals exposed to VOCs in water at Camp Lejeune.MethodsA cohort of 172,128 marines residing at Camp Lejeune between 1975 and 1985 was previously assembled. We identified individuals with PD in Veterans Health Administration and Medicare databases between 2000 and 2021. Using estimates derived by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, we classified individuals as exposed or unexposed to VOCs in residential water. We used Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression models to test differences between exposed and unexposed groups in the time from PD diagnosis until psychosis, fracture, fall, or death.ResultsAmong 270 persons with PD, 177 (65.6%) were exposed to VOCs in residential water. Median cumulative exposure was 4970 μg/L‐months, >50‐fold the permissible level. Time until psychosis, fracture, and fall were all shorter in the exposed group, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) exceeding 2: psychosis HR, 2.19 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99–4.83); fracture HR, 2.44 (95% CI: 0.91–6.55); and fall HR, 2.64 (95% CI: 0.97–7.21). A significant dose response was observed for time to fall (P trend, 0.032). No differences were observed for time until death.ConclusionsPD progression may be faster in persons exposed to trichloroethylene and other VOCs in water decades earlier. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Patient radiation risk reduction by controlling the tube start angle in single and dual source spiral CT scans: A simulation study
Authors: Baader Edith , Klein Laura , Maier Joscha , Sawall Stefan , Kachelrieß Marc 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundOrgan doses in spiral CT scans depend on the tube start angle.PurposeTo determine the effective dose in single source CT (SSCT) and dual source CT (DSCT) scans as a function of tube start angle and spiral pitch value to identify the dose reduction potential by selecting the optimal start angle.MethodsUsing Monte Carlo simulations, dose values for different tube positions with an angular increment of and a longitudinal increment of were simulated over a range of with collimations of , , and . The simulations were performed for the thorax region of six adult patients based on clinical CT data. From the resulting dose distributions, organ doses and effective dose were determined as a function of tube angle and longitudinal position. Using these per‐view dose data, the individual organ doses, as well as the total effective dose, were determined for spiral scans with and without tube current modulation (TCM) with pitch values ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 for SSCT and up to 3.0 for DSCT. The dose of the best and worst tube start angle in terms of dose was determined and compared to the mean dose over all tube start angles.ResultsWith increasing pitch and collimation, the dose variations from the effective dose averaged over all start angles increase. While for a collimation of , the variations from the mean dose value stay below for SSCT, we find that for a spiral scan with a pitch of 3.0 for DSCT with TCM and collimation of , the dose for the best starting angle is on average lower than the mean value and lower than the maximum value.ConclusionsVariation of the tube start angle in spiral scans exhibits substantial differences in radiation dose especially for high pitch values and for high collimations. Therefore, we suggest to control the tube start angle to minimize patient risk.
Process optimization of continuous aramid fiber reinforced PA12 filaments and printed composites
Authors: Jiang Xibin , Shan Zhongde , Zang Yong , Liu Feng , Wu Xiaochuan , Zou Ailing , Liu Xiaojun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA multi‐stage fiber spreading process for the preparation of high‐performance continuous aramid fiber reinforced nylon 12 (CAF/PA12) composites was proposed in this paper. The effects of spreading rod crown radius, spreading rod axis height and traction speed on fiber impregnation effect and filaments properties were investigated. The fiber volume fraction of the prepared filament was approximately 30%. And the maximum tensile strength and modulus of the filaments were 839.89 MPa and 41.35 GPa, which were 34.36% and 34.30% higher than unspreading filaments, respectively. The influences of printing process parameters such as printing temperature, the combination of layer thickness and printing spacing on the transverse tensile properties of the specimens were studied. Printed specimens reached a transverse tensile strength and tensile modulus of 13.988 MPa and 1.293 GPa, respectively. The influences on low velocity impact properties of the specimens were also investigated in terms of impact energy and printing stacking sequences. Results revealed that the impact threshold energy of orthotropic ([0/90/0/90]2) specimens was 50 J. Quasi‐isotropic ([0/45/90/−45]2) specimens exhibited the superior impact resistance with an impact load of 4.939 kN. Macro‐ and micro‐matrix crack, surface buckling, fiber fracture and delamination were the main failure modes of the specimens.Highlights
A novel thermoplastic composite filament forming process was proposed, and the filament forming equipment was designed and manufactured.
Continuous aramid fiber‐reinforced PA12 filaments with about 30% fiber content were prepared by orthogonal tests under different forming process conditions, which showed maximum tensile properties of 839.89 MPa and 41.35 GPa, respectively.
Spreading multiplication was positively related to filament tensile properties, which was major affected by the axial height of the spreading rod.
Transverse tensile strength (13.988 MPa tensile strength and 1.293 GPa tensile modulus) of printed specimens was investigated under different printing parameters.
Fiber orientation had a significant effect on the low‐velocity impact properties. Micro‐ and macro‐matrix crack, surface buckling, fiber fracture and delamination were the main failure modes of the low‐velocity impact specimens.
The noteworthy tensile plasticity and strength of CoFeSiB metallic glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Liang Weizhong , Shao Qi , Liu Yingyi , Wei Ransong , Xu Jiawen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetallic glass fibers have high strength, poor plasticity and low Young's modulus. In this study, it was used as a reinforcement to prepare metallic glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites with different fiber volume contents (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%). The effect of fiber volume contents on the tensile properties of the metallic glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites was studied by experiment and the finite element analysis method. The experiment and simulation results are in good agreement. The tensile strength and plasticity of the metallic glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites increase with the increase of fiber volume contents. When the fiber volume content is 40% or 50%, a sharply necking feature appeared on the fibers and exhibited improved plasticity, due to the formation of interacting and arresting events of shear bands occurring at the interface between the metallic glass fibers and the epoxy. In addition, the strain hardening due to plastic deformation of the metallic glass fibers further enhanced the tensile strength of the metallic glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. This is a first step toward toughening the inherently brittle metallic glass fibers under tensile conditions.Highlights
A novel CoFeSiB metallic glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite
The increase of fiber volume fraction improves the tensile strength and plasticity of fiber reinforced composites.
The strain hardening due to plastic deformation of the metallic glass fibers further enhanced the tensile strength of the metallic glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites.
Simultaneous enhancement of thermal and dielectric properties of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 and h‐BN co‐doped epoxy hybrid composites under high frequencies and temperatures
Authors: Rahman Taqi ur , Chen Xiangrong , Wang Qilong , Zhang Tianyin , Yin Kai , Awais Muhammad , Paramane Ashish 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEpoxy resin (EP) is widely employed in power systems and electronic devices due to its low cost and easy processing along with good insulative and adhesive properties. However, EP insulation properties are compromised at elevated frequencies and temperatures because of its negative temperature coefficient effect (NTC) and poor thermal characteristics. In this context, barium strontium titanate (BST‐60), a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) filler, and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), a thermally conductive filler, both surface‐modified with dopamine, are added in EP to simultaneously improve thermal and dielectric insulation properties at high temperatures and high frequencies. This study finds that below the Curie point of BST, the insulating properties of h‐BN fillers significantly contributes to improving insulation properties. Conversely, above the Curie point, the insulating nature of BST fillers leads to an improvement in the insulation performance of composites. Furthermore, at elevated frequency and temperature, the nano h‐BN enhances thermal conductivity of EP by establishing a thermally conductive network, while micro‐BST suppresses the NTC effect of EP by regulating electrical resistivity above the Curie point. The Heywang model elucidates the PTC effect of BST fillers, while a proposed heat conduction‐dissipation mechanism explains the behavior of incorporated fillers at different temperatures.Highlights
PDA‐modified Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 and h‐BN co‐doped epoxy composites are prepared.
Negative temperature coefficient effect of epoxy is mitigated by PTC fillers.
The optimal wt.% of filler enhances both dielectric and thermal properties.
Dielectric properties are explored at high frequencies and temperatures.
Optimized epoxy composites are suitable for high‐frequency applications.
Silicone rubber/benzoxazine resin‐based nanocomposites: A study on compatibility and thermal stability
Authors: Faghihi Jalal , Arefazar Ahmad , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Tohidian Mahdi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, blends of silicone rubber (SR) and benzoxazine (BZ) were prepared accompanied by ethylene propylene diene monomer grafted with maleic anhydride (EPDM‐g‐MA) as the compatibilizing agent. A total of 3 phr MA grafted EPDM showed the most favorable grafting efficiency and relatively lower gel content. Results showed that 8 phr (EPDM‐g‐MA) was the optimal compatibilizer content in the 85/15 SR/BZ blend, which was used for further studies. Morphological studies proved that the greatest reduction in the dispersed droplet size (from 1.32 to 0.23 μm) occurred at this optimal compatibilizer loading (8 phr). The lowest difference between the glass transition temperatures of the blend components was observed at the 8 phr compatibilizer content, which was confirmed by DMTA. The mechanical and curing characteristics of compatibilized and uncompatibilized blends were also studied. The results evinced that the tensile strength of the compatibilized samples was higher than that of the uncompatibilized blends. Thermal studies on the 85/15 SR/BZ blend and nanocomposites containing 1, 3, and 5 phr polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles revealed that the thermal stability of nanocomposites containing 1 and 3 phr POSS was superior to that of the nanocomposite with 5 phr POSS.
Nanocomposites of polyhydroxyurethane with Fe3O4 nanoparticles: Synthesis, shape memory and photothermal properties
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Usman , Hang Guohua , Hu Jiawei , Gao Yuan , Li Lei , Zhang Tao , Zheng Sixun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe nanocomposites of ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) with polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) were fabricated via a physical mixing approach. This process involved grafting poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVPy) chains onto the surfaces of Fe3O4 nanoparticles via surface‐initiated living radical polymerization. The PVPy‐grafted Fe3O4 nanoparticles were directly incorporated into the precursors of PHUs [i.e., bis(cyclic carbonate) and a trifunctional amine] and the mixtures were cured at high temperatures to form organic–inorganic composites. This method ensured that Fe3O4 nanoparticles were finely dispersed within the PHU matrix through the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding between PVPy and PHU. Compared to plain PHU network, the nanocomposites had enhanced thermomechanical properties, including higher glass transition temperatures (Tg's) and improved tensile mechanical properties. The inclusion of Fe3O4 nanoparticles also enhanced the shape memory properties of the PHU networks, improving shape recovery rates, fixity of transient shapes, and recovery of the original shapes. In addition, the nanocomposites demonstrated paramagnetic and photothermal properties and the photothermal behavior enabled a non‐contact control of shape recovery.Highlights
Poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone)‐grafted Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized.
Nanocomposites of PHU with Fe3O4 were prepared via a physical blending approach.
Incorporation of Fe3O4 resulted in improved thermomechanical properties.
The nanocomposites had the photothermal properties.
Thermomechanical EBM‐based modeling of time‐dependent creep behavior in semicrystalline polymers: Competitive viscoelastic impact of amorphous and crystalline sections
Authors: Mohammadi Reza , Sharifzadeh Esmail , Zamanian‐Fard Alireza , Ader Fiona 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, the creep behavior of semicrystalline polymers was investigated based on time‐dependent thermomechanical characteristics of the amorphous and crystalline sections. To this end, different equivalent box models (EBMs) with simple or complex structures were designed to interconnect the system components and cover all of their likely interactions. To induce time‐dependency to the model, a variety of viscoelastic models (e.g., Maxwell, Kelvin–Voigt, Maxwell representation of standard linear viscoelastic [SLV] model, Kelvin representation of SLV model, Burger and developed Bingham–Norton) were incorporated with the EBM structures as its crystalline/amorphous components. A specific strategy was devised in order to separately indicate the particular effects of crystalline and amorphous sections along with stress concentration on the temperature‐dependent creep behavior of the system. This approach combined with validating the theoretical data against the creep test results, performed at 20, 40, and 60°C, helped to indicate the most efficient structure for EBM and the best applicable viscoelastic model component. Accordingly, based on the findings of the present study, it was revealed that the series arrangement of the amorphous and crystalline model components, represented by the Burger viscoelastic model, could provide the best predictions regarding the temperature‐dependent creep in semicrystalline polymers.Highlights
Creep behavior of semicrystalline polymers at different temperatures.
Representing the crystalline and amorphous sections using viscoelastic models.
Evaluating different interactions in the semicrystalline polymers using EBMs.
Comparison of the efficiency of different viscoelastic model components in EBM.
Distinct impact of crystalline and amorphous sections on the system properties.
The hidden cost of chronic pain: A narrative review of the environmental impact of outpatient spine and musculoskeletal care
Authors: Abbott Zachary , Parks Kaden , Meron Adele 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHealth care is a major driver of greenhouse gas emissions and is closely intertwined with industrial processes responsible for air, water, and soil pollution. Chronic pain – particularly as it relates to spine and musculoskeletal diagnoses – comprises a significant portion of health care utilization and affects millions of people worldwide. Despite the prevalence of chronic spine and musculoskeletal pain, there has been limited discussion of the environmental impacts of outpatient clinics and interventional processes as they relate to these conditions. This narrative review explores the environmental impact related to diagnostics, pharmacologics, and common nonoperative interventional procedures utilized in the management of patients with chronic musculoskeletal and spine pain. Topics explored include energy utilization, production and disposal of pharmaceuticals, and waste production from interventional procedures. This study aims to educate providers involved in spine and musculoskeletal disease management regarding the possible environmental consequences of their practices. The article also focuses on modifying approaches to patient care to those that are more sustainable as well as highlighting areas in need of further investigation.
No dose adjustment of metformin or substrates of organic cation transporters (OCT)1 and OCT2 and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein (MATE)1/2K with fostemsavir coadministration based on modeling approaches
Authors: Nguyen Dung , Miao Xiusheng , Taskar Kunal , Magee Mindy , Gorycki Pete , Moore Katy , Tai Guoying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFostemsavir is an approved gp120‐directed attachment inhibitor and prodrug for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in combination with other antiretrovirals (ARVs) in heavily treatment‐experienced adults with multi‐drug resistance, intolerance, or safety concerns with their current ARV regimen. Initial in vitro studies indicated that temsavir, the active moiety of fostemsavir, and its metabolites, inhibited organic cation transporter (OCT)1, OCT2, and multidrug and toxin extrusion transporters (MATEs) at tested concentration of 100 uM, although risk assessment based on the current Food and Drug Administration in vitro drug–drug interaction (DDI) guidance using the mechanistic static model did not reveal any clinically relevant inhibition on OCTs and MATEs. However, a DDI risk was flagged with EMA static model predictions. Hence, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of fostemsavir/temsavir was developed to further assess the DDI risk potential of OCT and MATEs inhibition by temsavir and predict changes in metformin (a sensitive OCT and MATEs substrate) exposure. No clinically relevant impact on metformin concentrations across a wide range of temsavir concentrations was predicted; therefore, no dose adjustment is recommended for metformin when co‐administered with fostemsavir.
On the origin of the Oriental plane tree (Platanus orientalis L.)
Authors: Danika Danae , Adroit Benjamin , Velitzelos Dimitrios , Denk Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOriental plane tree (Platanus orientalis) is native to the East Mediterranean region and sister to three western North American species, together forming the Pacific North American–European (PNA‐E) clade. Its sister clade, comprising several eastern North American–Mexican species, has been termed the Atlantic North American (ANA) clade. The origins of P. orientalis and the western North American–western Eurasian disjunction in the PNA‐E clade are poorly understood, with the North Atlantic and Bering land bridges being possible corridors for trans‐continental migration. Molecular phylogenetic studies suggested ancient hybridization between the ANA and PNA‐E clades prior to differentiation of modern species' lineages. We traced ANA‐ and PNA‐E‐specific leaf traits in the fossil record to locate areas of possible ancient hybridization. Leaf traits characteristic of the PNA‐E clade occurred in western North America (late Eocene of Montana, Early Miocene of Alaska) prior to appearing in the European fossil record. Fossil‐species with mixed PNA‐E–ANA leaf traits occurred in the Oligocene of Central Asia and Eocene and Miocene of western North America. In contrast, eastern North America and the Atlantic region hosted fossil‐species with leaf traits characteristic of modern ANA clade members. We propose that precursors of Platanus orientalis migrated to Europe via Beringia and through Central Asia. Initially, these Eurasian ancestors possessed ancestral PNA‐E clade leaf morphologies, which were gradually replaced by P. orientalis‐specific traits. Treated as a single fossil‐species, we document the evolution of P. academiae from predominately three‐lobed leaves in Miocene strata to narrowly five‐lobed leaves resembling modern P. orientalis in younger deposits of Greece.