bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EcoTroph: a simple model to assess fishery interactions and their impacts on ecosystems
Authors: Gasche Loïc , Gascuel Didier 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Gasche, L., and Gascuel, D. 2013. EcoTroph: a simple model to assess fishery interactions and their impacts on ecosystems – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 498–510. The EcoTroph model leaves aside the notion of species, and models the functioning of marine ecosystems as flows of biomass from low to high trophic levels, so as to quantify easily the impacts of fishing at an ecosystem scale. In this paper, based on two case studies we present a new development of the EcoTroph model that is devoted to the analysis of fishery interactions and impacts of fleet segments on ecosystems. First, deriving an EcoTroph model from an Ecopath model of the Guinea ecosystem, the impacts of the artisanal fishery are distinguished from those of the industrial fishery. It appears that these fisheries do not always compete for the same fish groups but that they both strongly impact the ecosystem and moderately impact one another. Then, an EcoTroph model of the Southern Benguela ecosystem is set up, also based on a pre-existing Ecopath model. Two scenarios are simulated: a doubling in the fishing mortality of small pelagics and a doubling in the fishing mortality of hake. An increase in fishing mortality of small pelagics causes a strong decrease in biomass at all trophic levels of the ecosystem, confirming the pivotal role of these “wasp-waist” species in this ecosystem.
Single‐Image Rectification Technique in Forensic Science
Authors: González‐Jorge Higinio , Puente Iván , Eguía Pablo , Arias Pedro 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMany researchers have been working in Spain to document the communal graves of those assassinated during the Spanish Civil War. This article shows the results obtained with two low‐cost photogrammetric techniques for the basic documentation of forensic studies. These low‐cost techniques are based on single‐image rectification and the correction of the original photo displacement due to the projection and perspective distortions introduced by the lens of the camera. The capability of image rectification is tested in an excavation in the village of Loma de Montija (Burgos, Spain). The results of both techniques are compared with the more accurate data obtained from a laser scanner system RIEGL LMS‐Z390i to evaluate the error in the lengths. The first technique uses a camera situated on a triangle‐shaped pole at a height of 5 m and the second positions the camera over the grave using a linearly actuated device. The first technique shows measurement errors less than 6%, whereas the second shows greater errors (between 8% and 14%) owing to the positioning of the carbon‐fiber cross on an uneven surface.
Synthesis of Quercetin‐3‐O‐Glucoside from Rutin by Penicillium decumbens Naringinase
Authors: Lee Young‐Su , Huh Ji‐Young , Nam So‐Hyun , Kim Doman , Lee Soo‐Bok 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEnzymatic bioconversion of rutin to quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoside (Q‐3‐G) by Penicillium decumbens naringinase was increased with reaction pH increased approximately to pH 6.0. It resulted in greater than 92% production of Q‐3‐G due to the removal of the terminal rhamnose at the controlled pH 6.0. The enzymatic bioconversion of rutin to Q‐3‐G was repetitively performed, yielding 84% after 5 batches with little quercetin formation. Interestingly, the water solubility of Q‐3‐G was enhanced 69‐ and 328‐fold over those of rutin and quercetin, which may make Q‐3‐G more bioavailable in food. Q‐3‐G was approximately 6‐ and 1.4‐fold more potent than rutin as an inhibitor of human intestinal maltase and human DL‐3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutalyl coenzyme A reductase. Q‐3‐G was less potent (16‐ and 1.3‐fold, respectively) than quercetin as an inhibitor of these enzymes. However, the results suggest that Q‐3‐G may be confirmed more effective and bioavailable food component than rutin and even quercetin because of its enhanced solubility and inhibitory properties.Practical Application: Bioconverted intermediate, quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoside (Q‐3‐G), was found and confirmed to be largely more soluble than rutin and quercetin in water solution, which might make it more bioavailable as food ingredient. In addition, Q‐3‐G inhibited mildly the intestinal maltase, which might act as antidiabetic substance by modulating the adsorption of glucose in the intestine.
Aberrant expression of microRNAs in T cells from patients with ankylosing spondylitis contributes to the immunopathogenesis
Authors: Lai N-S , Yu H-C , Chen H-C , Yu C-L , Huang H-B , Lu M-C 
Published: February 2013

Summary
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by dysregulated T cells. We hypothesized that the aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in AS T cells involved in the pathogenesis of AS. The expression profile of 270 miRNAs in T cells from five AS patients and five healthy controls were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirteen miRNAs were found potentially differential expression. After validation, we confirmed that miR-16, miR-221 and let-7i were over-expressed in AS T cells and the expression of miR-221 and let-7i were correlated positively with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index (BASRI) of lumbar spine in AS patients. The protein molecules regulated by miR-16, miR-221 and let-7i were measured by Western blotting. We found that the protein levels of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), a target of let-7i, in T cells from AS patients were decreased. In addition, the mRNA expression of interferon (IFN)-γ was elevated in AS T cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR-4 agonist, inhibited IFN-γ secretion by anti-CD3+anti-CD28 antibodies-stimulated normal T cells but not AS T cells. In the transfection studies, we found the increased expression of let-7i enhanced IFN-γ production by anti-CD3+anti-CD28+ lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated normal T cells. In contrast, the decreased expression of let-7i suppressed IFN-γ production by anti-CD3+anti-CD28+ LPS-stimulated AS T cells. In conclusion, we found that miR-16, miR-221 and let-7i were over-expressed in AS T cells, but only miR-221 and let-7i were associated with BASRI of lumbar spine. In the functional studies, the increased let-7i expression facilitated the T helper type 1 (IFN-γ) immune response in T cells.
Comparison of a saliva wetness tester and a moisture‐checking device in patients with maxillary obturator prostheses
Authors: Murakami Mamoru , Nishi Yasuhiro , Kamashita Yuji , Nagaoka Eiichi 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveExamination of dry mouth in postoperative oral tumour patients should ideally be performed simply and quickly at the chair side. Moisture‐checking devices and saliva wetness testers are available for such moisture measurement. Previous studies have reported that moisture‐checking devices are useful to examine dry mouth in patients with maxillary obturator prostheses. However, because the measurement principles of saliva wetness testers differ from those of moisture‐checking devices, diagnosis by the two devices may result in diagnostic disagreement. The purpose of the present study was to compare the usefulness of a saliva wetness tester with a moisture‐checking device for patients with maxillary obturator prostheses.MethodsOral moisture was measured with a moisture‐checking device and a saliva wetness tester in 30 subjects with maxillary obturator prostheses. These measurements were performed five times at the lingual mucosa, and mean values of each measurement were calculated. The reference value for moisture measurements with the moisture‐checking device was 29%, and that with the saliva wetness tester was 3 mm. Subjects were classified as having dry mouth when their moisture measurements were less than the reference values.ResultsThe diagnostic results of the saliva wetness tester were in agreement with those of the moisture‐checking device. The respective moisture measurements showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.88, p < 0.01).ConclusionThe results of the present study demonstrate that saliva wetness testers are as useful as moisture‐checking devices to examine dry mouth in patients with maxillary obturator prostheses.
Migraine After Sneezing: Pathophysiological Considerations, Focused on the Difference With Coughing
Authors: van Oosterhout Willebordus P.J. , Haan Joost 
Published: February 2013

IntroductionIn patients reporting acute headache after sneezing or coughing, rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is the first diagnosis to be considered. Sneezing, however, might also be a trigger for migraine attacks, as exemplified in our case.Case ReportWe describe a patient who suffered 3 headache attacks after sneezing, each fulfilling criteria of migraine without aura. Sneezing as a specific trigger for migraine has not been described before.DiscussionThe differential diagnosis of acute headache after sneezing (eg, subarachnoid hemorrhage and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction), and the differences between migraine after sneezing and “benign cough headache” are discussed. We conclude that a pathophysiological association between migraine and sneezing might exist and hypothesize on underlying mechanisms.
Association between pet‐keeping and asthma in school children
Authors: Medjo Biljana , Atanaskovic‐Markovic Marina , Nikolic Dimitrije , Spasojevic‐Dimitrijeva Brankica , Ivanovski Petar , Djukic Slobodanka 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe role of pet exposure in childhood asthma and allergy is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between pet‐keeping during different periods of childhood and asthma and sensitization in school children.MethodsOne hundred and forty‐nine children aged between 7 and 14 years were enrolled in this study. Seventy‐four children had current physician‐diagnosed asthma, while 75 children did not have asthma. Pet‐keeping was investigated by questionnaire. Allergic sensitization to pet allergen was assessed on skin prick tests and specific serum IgE concentration. Logistic regression analysis was performed, taking into account potential confounders.ResultsEarly, past and current pet‐keeping was not significantly associated with asthma. Neither owning a cat nor dog during childhood was associated with asthma. Early pet‐keeping, however, was significantly associated with sensitization to pet allergens (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 24.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.28–177.27). Further analysis showed that only early cat‐keeping was significantly associated with sensitization to cat allergen (aOR, 51.59; 95%CI: 2.28–1167.07). Keeping a cat or a dog after the first year of life was not associated with sensitization to those allergens.ConclusionsKeeping a cat or a dog does not increase risk for asthma. Keeping a cat in the first year of life, however, increases risk of sensitization to cat allergen. Considering that this is a relatively small study, larger, prospective, birth cohort studies are required in Serbia to accurately assess the relationship between pet‐keeping, asthma and sensitization.
The East Anatolian Fault: geometry, segmentation and jog characteristics
Authors: Duman Tamer Y. , Emre Ömer 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

A detailed account is given of the fault geometry and segment structure of the East Anatolian Fault Zone as a whole based on mapping of active faults, supported by available seismological and palaeoseismological data. We divide the East Anatolian Fault into two main strands: southern and northern. The main southern strand is
c.
580 km long between Karlıova and Antakya, and connects with the Dead Sea Fault Zone and the Cyprus Arc via the Amik triple junction. The northern strand, termed the Sürgü–Misis Fault system, is
c.
350 km long and connects with the Kyrenia–Misis Fault Zone beneath the Gulf of İskenderun. We infer that slip partitioning between the main and northern strands of the East Anatolian Fault accommodates 2/3 and 1/3 of the slip rate of the lateral motion between the Arabian and Anatolian plates, respectively in the Çelikhan–Adana–Antakya region. Taking account of the time elapsed from the latest events on the East Anatolian Fault, we suggest that the Pazarcık and Amanos segments have the potential to produce destructive earthquakes in the near future.

Supplementary material:

The data and interpretations given here are supported by five additional annotated field photographs and two tables of factual data, these are available at
www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18568
Autonomic Blockade During Sinusoidal Baroreflex Activation Proves Sympathetic Modulation of Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity
Authors: Hilz Max J. , Koehn Julia , Tillmann Alexandra , Riss Stephan , Marthol Harald , Köhrmann Martin , Wasmeier Gerald , Schwab Stefan , Stemper Brigitte 
Published: February 2013

Background and Purpose—
Pharmacological blockade showed sympathetic origin of 0.03 to 0.15 Hz blood pressure (BP) oscillations and parasympathetic origin of 0.15 to 0.5 Hz RR-interval (RRI) oscillations, but has not been used to determine origin of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) oscillations at these frequencies. This study evaluated by pharmacological blockade whether 0.1 Hz CBFV oscillations are related to sympathetic and 0.2 Hz CBFV oscillations to parasympathetic modulation.

Methods—

In 11 volunteers (24.6±2.3 years), we monitored RRIs, BP, and proximal middle cerebral artery CBFV, at rest, during 180 s sympathetic BP activation by 0.1 Hz sinusoidal neck suction (NS), and during 180 s parasympathetic RRI activation by 0.2 Hz NS. We repeated recordings after 25 mg carvedilol, and after 0.04 mg/kg atropine. Autoregressive analysis quantified RRI-, BP-, and CBFV-spectral powers at 0.1 Hz and 0.2 Hz. We compared parameters at rest, during 0.1 Hz, or 0.2 Hz NS, with and without carvedilol or atropine (analysis of variance, post hoc testing; significance,
P
<0.05).

Results—

Carvedilol significantly increased RRIs and lowered BP, CBFV, and 0.1 Hz RRI-, BP-, and CBFV-powers at baseline (
P
=0.041 for CBFV-powers), and during 0.1 Hz NS-induced sympathetic activation (
P
<0.05). At baseline and during 0.2 Hz NS-induced parasympathetic activation, atropine lowered RRIs and 0.2 Hz RRI-powers, but did not change BP, CBFV, and 0.2 Hz BP- and CBFV-powers.

Conclusions—
Attenuation of both 0.1 Hz CBFV and BP oscillations after carvedilol indicates a direct relation between 0.1 Hz CBFV oscillations and sympathetic modulation. Absent effects of atropine on BP, CBFV, and 0.2 Hz BP and CBFV oscillations suggest that there is no direct parasympathetic influence on 0.2 Hz BP and CBFV modulation.
Comparing patient care seeking pathways in three models of hospital and TB programme collaboration in China
Authors: Wei Xiaolin , Zou Guanyang , Yin Jia , Walley John , Sun Qiang 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Public hospitals in China play an important role in tuberculosis (TB) control. Three models of hospital and TB control exist in China. The dispensary model is the most common one in which a TB dispensary provides both clinical and public health care. The specialist model is similar to the former except that a specialist TB hospital is located in the same area. The specialist hospital should treat only complicated TB cases but it also treats simple cases in practice. The integrated model is a new development to integrate TB service in public hospitals. Patients were diagnosed, treated and followed up in this public hospital in this model while the TB dispensary provides public health service as case reporting and mass education. This study aims to compare patient care seeking pathways under the three models, and to provide policy recommendation for the TB control system reform in China.

Methods
Six sites, two in each model, were selected across four provinces, with 293 newly treated uncomplicated TB patients being randomly selected.

Results
The majority (68%) of TB patients were diagnosed in hospitals. Patients in the integrated model presented the simplest care seeking pathways, with the least number of providers visited (2.2), shortest treatment delays (2 days) and the least medical expenditure (2729RMB/401USD). On the contrary, patients in the specialist model had the highest number of provider visits (4), longest treatment delays (23 days) and the highest medical expenditure (11626RMB/1710USD). Logistic regression suggested that patients who were hospitalised tended to have longer treatment delays and higher medical expenditure.

Conclusion
Specialist hospital treating uncomplicated cases not using the standard regimens posed a threat to TB control. The integrated model has shortened patient treatment pathways, and reduced patient costs; therefore, it could be considered as the direction for future reform of China’s TB control system.
LED-Induced fluorescence and image analysis to detect stink bug damage in cotton bolls
Authors: Mustafic Adnan , Roberts Erin E , Toews Michael D , Haidekker Mark A 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Stink bugs represent a major agricultural pest complex attacking more than 200 wild and cultivated plants, including cotton in the southeastern US. Stink bug feeding on developing cotton bolls will cause boll abortion or lint staining and thus reduced yield and lint value. Current methods for stink bug detection involve manual harvesting and cracking open of a sizable number of immature cotton bolls for visual inspection. This process is cumbersome, time consuming, and requires a moderate level of experience to obtain accurate estimates. To improve detection of stink bug feeding, we present here a method based on fluorescent imaging and subsequent image analyses to determine the likelihood of stink bug damage in cotton bolls.

Results
Damage to different structures of cotton bolls including lint and carpal wall can be observed under blue LED-induced fluorescence. Generally speaking, damaged regions fluoresce green, whereas non-damaged regions with chlorophyll fluoresce red. However, similar fluorescence emission is also observable on cotton bolls that have not been fed upon by stink bugs. Criteria based on fluorescent intensity and the size of the fluorescent spot allow to differentiate between true positives (fluorescent regions associated with stink bug feeding) and false positives (fluorescent regions due to other causes). We found a detection rates with two combined criteria of 87% for true-positive marks and of 8% for false-positive marks.

Conclusions
The imaging technique presented herein gives rise to a possible detection apparatus where a cotton boll is imaged in the field and images processed by software. The unique fluorescent signature left by stink bugs can be used to determine with high probability if a cotton boll has been punctured by a stink bug. We believe this technique, when integrated in a suitable device, could be used for more accurate detection in the field and allow for more optimized application of pest control.
Automated peritoneal lavage: an extremely rapid and safe way to induce hypothermia in post-resuscitation patients
Authors: de Waard Monique C , Biermann Hagen , Brinckman Stijn L , Appelman Yolande E , Driessen Ronald H , Polderman Kees H , Girbes Armand RJ , Beishuizen Albertus 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) is a worldwide used therapy to improve neurological outcome in patients successfully resuscitated after cardiac arrest (CA). Preclinical data suggest that timing and speed of induction are related to reduction of secondary brain damage and improved outcome.

Methods
Aiming at a rapid induction and stable maintenance phase, MTH induced via continuous peritoneal lavage (PL) using the Velomedix® Inc. automated PL system was evaluated and compared to historical controls in which hypothermia was achieved using cooled saline intravenous infusions and cooled blankets.

Results
In 16 PL patients, time to reach the core target temperature of 32.5°C was 30 minutes (interquartile range (IQR): 19 to 60), which was significantly faster compare to 150 minutes (IQR: 112 to 240) in controls. The median rate of cooling during the induction phase in the PL group of 4.1°C/h (IQR: 2.2 to 8.2) was significantly faster compared to 0.9°C/h (IQR: 0.5 to 1.3) in controls. During the 24-hour maintenance phase mean core temperature in the PL patients was 32.38 ± 0.18°C (range: 32.03 to 32.69°C) and in control patients 32.46 ± 0.48°C (range: 31.20 to 33.63°C), indicating more steady temperature control in the PL group compared to controls. Furthermore, the coefficient of variation (VC) for temperature during the maintenance phase was lower in the PL group (VC: 0.5%) compared to the control group (VC: 1.5%). In contrast to 23% of the control patients, none of the PL patients showed an overshoot of hypothermia below 31°C during the maintenance phase. Survival and neurological outcome was not different between the two groups. Neither shivering nor complications related to insertion or use of the PL method were observed.

Conclusions
Using PL in post-CA patients results in a rapidly reached target temperature and a very precise maintenance, unprecedented in clinical studies evaluating MTH techniques. This opens the way to investigate the effects on neurological outcome and survival of ultra-rapid cooling compared to standard cooling in controlled trials in various patient groups.
See related letter by Esnault et al.,http://ccforum.com/content/17/3/431
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01016236
Effect of Ruxolitinib Therapy on Myelofibrosis-Related Symptoms and Other Patient-Reported Outcomes in COMFORT-I: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Mesa Ruben A. , Gotlib Jason , Gupta Vikas , Catalano John V. , Deininger Michael W. , Shields Alan L. , Miller Carole B. , Silver Richard T. , Talpaz Moshe , Winton Elliott F. , Harvey Jimmie H. , Hare Thomas , Erickson-Viitanen Susan , Sun William , Sandor Victor , Levy Richard S. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Verstovsek Srdan 
Published: February 2013

Purpose To assess the effects of ruxolitinib on symptom burden and quality of life (QoL) and to evaluate the ability of the modified Myelofibrosis Symptom Assessment Form (MFSAF) v2.0 to measure meaningful changes in myelofibrosis-related symptoms in patients with myelofibrosis. Patients and Methods COMFORT-I (Controlled Myelofibrosis Study With Oral JAK Inhibitor Treatment–I) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study evaluating ruxolitinib in patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk myelofibrosis. Exploratory analyses were conducted on the following patient-reported outcomes (PROs) assessments: modified MFSAF v2.0 (individual symptoms and Total Symptom Score [TSS]), European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Fatigue Scale, and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC). Results Patients receiving ruxolitinib experienced improvements in individual myelofibrosis-related symptoms, although patients receiving placebo experienced worsening (P < .001). The majority (91%) of ruxolitinib-treated patients designated as ≥ 50% TSS responders (≥ 50% TSS improvement) self-reported their condition as either “Much improved” or “Very much improved” on the PGIC. These patients achieved significant improvements in the EORTC QLQ-C30 functional domains and Global Health Status/QoL versus patients receiving placebo, who experienced worsening on these measures (P ≤ .0135). Ruxolitinib-treated patients with a lesser degree of symptom improvement (< 50% TSS responders) also achieved improvements over placebo on these measures. The degree of spleen volume reduction with ruxolitinib correlated with improvements in TSS, PGIC, PROMIS Fatigue Scale, and EORTC Global Health Status/QoL. Ruxolitinib-treated patients who achieved a ≥ 35% reduction in spleen volume experienced the greatest improvements in these PROs. Conclusion Ruxolitinib-treated patients achieved clinically meaningful improvements in myelofibrosis-related symptoms and QoL, but patients receiving placebo reported worsening of symptoms and other PROs.