bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shoulder function following reconstruction with the supraclavicular artery island flap
Authors: Herr Marc W. , Bonanno Andrea , Montalbano Lisa A. , Deschler Daniel G. , Emerick Kevin S. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) is a pedicled fasciocutaneous flap used for head and neck reconstruction. In recent years, its use has significantly increased as a result of several advantageous characteristics, including pliability, an excellent color and texture match, ability to reconstruct a variety of skin and aerodigestive tract defects, and short harvest times. Clinical experience suggests that donor site complications are relatively infrequent and typically self‐limiting, and there have been no documented cases of prolonged or permanent shoulder dysfunction. However, formal studies have not been performed to assess this outcome. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of SCAIF flap harvest on postoperative shoulder strength and flexibility.Study DesignProspective cohort pilot study.MethodsData was gathered prospectively during routine follow‐up and surveillance. The Penn Shoulder Score and Constant Shoulder Scale were used to measure subjective and objective outcomes. Physical therapists performed testing for strength and flexibility.ResultsTen patients were evaluated from January to July, 2013. Subjective self‐reporting of shoulder function and satisfaction was good to excellent in most patients. The majority of patients demonstrated limitations in range of motion for one or more shoulder movements. Muscle strength was preserved postoperatively.ConclusionHarvest of the SCAIF appears to have limited postoperative morbidity. Postoperative shoulder strength and function appears to be very good; however, some limitation of range of motion was observed.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 124:2478–2483, 2014
Influence of continuous negative pressure in the rat middle ear
Authors: Akiyama Naotaro , Yamamoto‐Fukuda Tomomi , Takahashi Haruo 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisHigh negative pressure in the middle ear was thought to be closely related to the etiology of retraction‐type cholesteatoma. Recently, it has been detected that mechanical forces are important factors in epithelial turnover and affect cytoskeletal remodeling. Continuous negative pressure in the middle ear may possibly accelerate the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells of the tympanic membrane.Study DesignAnimal experimental study.MethodsEleven adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were used, and continuous negative pressure was loaded by connecting a catheter from the rat's middle ear to the supply route of an implantable microinfusion pump, iPRECIO. At 7 days after implantation of the device, an otoendoscopic examination and micro‐computed tomography (CT) analysis of the temporal bone were performed; the temporal bones were then collected for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The degree of proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells of the tympanic membrane was investigated immunohistochemically using the anti–cytokeratin‐5 and anti–cytokeratin‐10 antibodies.ResultsOtoendoscopic examination revealed retraction of the pars flaccida in all of the ears under negative pressure. In the micro‐CT analysis, soft tissue density area in the hypotympanum was observed in all ears under negative pressure. Histological analysis revealed thickened epithelium of the pars flaccida. In this region, the thickness of layers with cytokeratin‐5–positive cells and cytokeratin‐10–positive cells were increased.ConclusionsContinuous negative pressure in the middle ear can lead to thickening of the epithelium of the pars flaccida, and may accelerate the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope 124:2404–2410, 2014
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of meniett therapy for Meniere‐s disease
Authors: Ahsan Syed F. , Standring Robert , Wang Yun 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of micropressure treatment for Meniere's disease (MD).Data SourcesMedline, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library search of the literature from January 1996 to December 2012.Review MethodsSystematic literature review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria required definitive diagnosis of unilateral MD, treatment with Meniett device, vertigo control results, and hearing results before and after treatment. Randomized controlled trials and other types of case‐control studies were included. Improvements in vertigo, American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS) functional score, and pure tone average (PTA) were assessed. Funnel plots were used to detect bias and Q test was used to assess for heterogeneity. Random effects model was used for meta‐analysis. T test was used to assess for significance.ResultsOf 113 abstracts screened, 18 studies met criteria for review and 12 were used for meta‐analysis. Eight studies reported hearing evaluation and the improvement in PTA after Meniett treatment was significant (P = 0.0085). Data could not be combined for AAO‐HNS functional score due to heterogeneity. However, there was a trend toward improvement. Of six studies reporting frequency of vertigo, Meniett treatment significantly reduced frequency of vertigo (P = < .0001).LimitationsMuch of the data used in the analysis was derived from retrospective or level 4 studies. The average follow‐up was only 5 months, and there were low number of patients in the treatment and control groups.ConclusionThe Meniett device is a safe, nondestructive treatment for patients' refractory to medical therapy for MD. Laryngoscope, 125:203–208, 2015
PDMS‐Containing Alternating Copolymers Obtained by Click Polymerization
Authors: Bretzler Victor , Grübel Matthias , Meister Simon , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: June 2014

The copper(I)‐catalyzed alkine–azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) click polymerization is used for the synthesis of novel poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)‐containing alternating copolymers in a straightforward AA/BB polyaddition approach. The versatility of the CuAAC reaction allows incorporation of a series of different monomers varying in geometry, size, and functionality. A structure–property relation is revealed that shows that the polymer properties are dependent not only on the type of functionality incorporated but also on the size and geometry of the comonomer. The spectrum of properties that can be covered is highly interesting, ranging from viscous oils to brittle solids. Targeted application of monomers even gives access to properties that are typical for thermoplastic elastomers. Additional studies concerning the acceleration of the polymerization reaction support mechanistic considerations about a binuclear active species.
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Raise Boring Rigs für bis zu 2.000 Meter tiefe Schächte
Authors: Künstle Benjamin , Frey Alexander 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDie neu entwickelten Raise Boring Rigs von Herrenknecht haben sich weltweit in mehreren Projekteinsätzen bewährt. In der Summe wurden mit den Herrenknecht‐Rigs in Bergbau‐Projekten sowie in Wasserkraftwerks‐ und Straßenbauvorhaben bereits neun Schächte mit einer Gesamtlänge von 2.800 m erstellt. Bei der Entwicklung der Raise Boring Rigs kamen bewährte Elemente sowie umfassendes Know‐how aus dem maschinellen Tunnelvortriebstechnik zur Anwendung. Der Beitrag gibt eine kurze Übersicht über die Funktionsweise und den Aufbau der Raise Boring Rigs und stellt anschließend drei Praxiseinsätze vor.
EU‐Kennzeichnungsrichtlinie und die Herausforderungen bei der Auswahl einer geeigneten Nachweis‐Software
Authors: Ille Frank 
Published: June 2014

AbstractViele Unternehmen stehen erst am Anfang der Umsetzung der Richtlinie über die Rückverfolgbarkeit von Explosivstoffen. Da verschiedene Hersteller Track & Trace Lösungen anbieten, sollte sich jedes Unternehmen frühzeitig mit mehreren Anbietern auseinandersetzten, um für sich eine optimale Entscheidung treffen zu können. Neben vielen “harten” Kriterien für die Auswahl der passenden Lösung, wie Art der entsprechenden Geräte, Unterstützung bzw. Kompatibilität mit Sprengstofflieferanten, Art des Datenaustauschs und der zehnjährigen Datenspeicherung, Servicekonzept, Schulungsangeboten, Installations‐ und Einführungsaufwand und natürlich dem Preis, sind auch viele “weiche” Faktoren von großer Bedeutung. Letztlich muss jeder Anwender seinem Softwareanbieter vertrauen, dass dieser über viele Jahre den erforderlichen Service in akzeptabler Zeit zu vernünftigen Preisen bieten kann. Wirtschaftliche Unabhängigkeit und Leistungsfähigkeit, genügend Personal, langjährige Erfahrungen im Bereich Logistik und Track & Trace sowie ein nachvollziehbares langfristiges Preismodell sollten daher wichtige Auswahlkriterien sein. Ein Überblick über die Referenzen eines Anbieters kann hier eine wertvolle Hilfestellung sein.
In vivo MRI for effective non‐invasive detection and follow‐up of an orthotopic mouse model of lung cancer
Authors: Bianchi Andrea , Dufort Sandrine , Fortin Pierre‐Yves , Lux François , Raffard Gérard , Tassali Nawal , Tillement Olivier , Coll Jean‐Luc , Crémillieux Yannick 
Published: June 2014

One of the main reasons for the dismal prognosis of lung cancer is related to the late diagnosis of this pathology. In this study, we evaluated the potential of optimized lung MRI techniques as a completely non‐invasive approach for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) MRI in vivo detection and follow‐up in a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma expressing the luciferase gene.Bioluminescent lung tumour cells were orthotopically implanted in immuno‐deficient mice. Ultra‐short echo‐time (UTE) MRI free‐breathing acquisitions were compared with standard gradient‐echo lung MRI (FLASH) using both respiratory‐gated and free‐breathing protocols. The MRI findings were validated against bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and gold‐standard histopathology analysis.Adenocarcinoma‐like pathological tissue was successfully identified in all the mice with gated‐FLASH and non‐gated UTE MRI, and good tumour co‐localization was found between MRI, BLI and histological analyses. An excellent or good correlation was found between the measured bioluminescent signal and the total tumour volumes quantified with UTE MRI or gated‐FLASH MRI, respectively. No significant correlation was found when the tumours were segmented on non‐gated MR FLASH images.MRI was shown to be a powerful imaging tool able to detect, quantify and longitudinally monitor the development of sub‐millimetric NSCLCs. To our knowledge, this is the first study which proves the feasibility of a completely non‐invasive MRI quantitative detection of lung adenocarcinoma in freely breathing mice. The absence of ionizing radiation and the high‐resolution of MRI, along with the complete non‐invasiveness and good reproducibility of the proposed non‐gated protocol, make this imaging tool ideal for direct translational applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal changes in maternal soluble endoglin and angiopoietin‐2 in women at risk for pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Khalil A. , Maiz N. , Garcia‐Mandujano R. , Elkhouli M. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate longitudinal changes in maternal plasma levels of soluble endoglin (sEng) and angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) in pregnant women who develop pre‐eclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH).MethodsThis was a nested case–control study drawn from a larger prospective longitudinal study in singleton pregnancies identified by screening at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation as being at high‐risk for PE. Blood samples were taken every 4 weeks until delivery. Values were compared in women who developed preterm PE (requiring delivery before 37 weeks), term PE, GH and those who remained normotensive.ResultsA total of 471 samples were analyzed in 122 women, comprising 85 who remained normotensive, 12 who developed GH, 13 who developed term PE and 12 who developed preterm PE. In the normotensive group, there was an increase in log10sEng levels with gestational age. In the preterm PE group, compared with the normotensive group, sEng was higher from 18 weeks onwards, and the difference increased significantly with gestational age (P < 0.001). In the GH and term PE groups, sEng did not differ significantly from that of the normotensive group (P = 0.583 and P = 0.890, respectively). The square root of Ang‐2 decreased significantly with gestational age, but did not differ significantly among the different outcome groups (P = 0.571).ConclusionMaternal plasma sEng, but not Ang‐2, may be a useful mid‐ and late‐gestation biomarker for the development of PE. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A germ theory for glacial systems?
Authors: Edwards Arwyn , Irvine‐Fynn Tristram , Mitchell Andrew C. , Rassner Sara M. E. 
Published: June 2014

Glacial systems in the form of glaciers and ice sheets are important actors in Earth's water cycle and climate. Improving our understanding of their structure and functionality is of considerable importance, and glaciologists have tended to apply a purely physical perspective to the study of glacial systems. However, a novel paradigm of glaciers and ice sheets as Earth's largest freshwater ecosystems is being supported by studies revealing the abundance, activity, and diversity of life in glacial ecosystems and the importance of glacial systems in global biogeochemical cycles. Nevertheless, while the importance of microbial activities in shaping their habitats and influencing landscape‐scale processes is well recognized elsewhere in our biosphere it has hitherto been overlooked in glacial systems. Here, the potential for several discrete microbial processes to interact with mass balance and landscaping in glacial systems as part of a ‘germ theory’ of glacial systems is identified. These processes range from microbial biocatalysis of ice crystal formation and structure, albedo reduction by microbial assemblages at the ice–atmosphere interface to microbe‐mediated mineral weathering at the rock–ice interface. Integrating these microbial processes with abiotic, physical processes in a framework of microbial glaciology will be required to understand the extent and significance of microbial influences upon the properties of glacial systems. Furthermore, adopting a microbial glaciology approach also complements existing physical and chemical approaches to glaciology to understand how glacial systems respond to our warming climate. WIREs Water 2014, 1:331–340. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1029This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Synthesis of an Iron(II) Ethyl Complex Accompanied by Formation of an Unusual Dinitrogen‐Ligated Iron(I) Hydride
Authors: Hounjet Lindsay J. , Adhikari Debashis , Pink Maren , Carroll Patrick J. , Mindiola Daniel J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe reaction of [(PNP)FeCl]·C7H8 [PNP– = bis(2‐(diisopropylphosphanyl)‐4‐methylphenyl)amido] with 1.0 equiv. of EtMgCl in Et2O under N2 produces the anticipated ethyl complex, [(PNP)FeEt] (1). However, the same reaction carried out using a slight excess of the Grignard, instead results in a mixture of species containing 1, but accompanied with formation of another iron‐containing species. This species was identified by single X‐ray diffraction studies, and IR spectroscopy to be the heterobimetallic complex, [(THF)2MgCl(μ‐(N)‐PNP)Fe(μ‐H)N2] (2), a rare example of a FeI hydride complex. The formation of compound 2 is proposed to result from single‐electron reduction of 1 by excess Grignard.
Self-assembly of InAs quantum dots on GaAs(001) by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Wu Ju , Jin Peng 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Currently, the nature of self-assembly of three-dimensional epitaxial islands or quantum dots (QDs) in a lattice-mismatched heteroepitaxial growth system, such as InAs/GaAs(001) and Ge/Si(001) as fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), is still puzzling. The purpose of this article is to discuss how the self-assembly of InAs QDs in MBE InAs/GaAs(001) should be properly understood in atomic scale. First, the conventional kinetic theories that have traditionally been used to interpret QD self-assembly in heteroepitaxial growth with a significant lattice mismatch are reviewed briefly by examining the literature of the past two decades. Second, based on their own experimental data, the authors point out that InAs QD self-assembly can proceed in distinctly different kinetic ways depending on the growth conditions and so cannot be framed within a universal kinetic theory, and, furthermore, that the process may be transient, or the time required for a QD to grow to maturity may be significantly short, which is obviously inconsistent with conventional kinetic theories. Third, the authors point out that, in all of these conventional theories, two well-established experimental observations have been overlooked: i) A large number of “floating” indium atoms are present on the growing surface in MBE InAs/GaAs(001); ii) an elastically strained InAs film on the GaAs(001) substrate should be mechanically unstable. These two well-established experimental facts may be highly relevant and should be taken into account in interpreting InAs QD formation. Finally, the authors speculate that the formation of an InAs QD is more likely to be a collective event involving a large number of both indium and arsenic atoms simultaneously or, alternatively, a morphological/structural transformation in which a single atomic InAs sheet is transformed into a three-dimensional InAs island, accompanied by the rehybridization from the sp
2-bonded to sp
3-bonded atomic configuration of both indium and arsenic elements in the heteroepitaxial growth system.
One-Per-Mil Tumescent Technique for Bone and Joint Surgery in Hand
Authors: Prasetyono Theddeus O. H. , Saputra Debby K. A. , Astriana Windi 
Published: June 2014

Background This study aims to explore the effectiveness of one-per-mil tumescent technique in hand surgery, which involves bone and joint. Methods This is a case series study on 14 patients with 15 operative fields. One-per-mil solution is formulated by mixing 0.05 mL of 1:1,000 epinephrine and 100 mg lidocaine in 50-mL saline solution. The solution was injected subcutaneously into the operative area until the skin turned pale. The surgery started 7–10 min after the last injection. We classified the operative field clarity into four categories: totally bloodless, minimum bleeding, acceptable bleeding, and bloody operative field. We also recorded the amount of tumescent solution, top-ups needed, length of surgery, type of anesthesia, and intraoperative pain reported by the patients under local anesthesia. Results Five patients were operated on under local anesthesia while the other ten were under general anesthesia. Eight cases yielded totally bloodless operative fields, while seven were classified as acceptable bleeding. There were no top-ups and conversion of anesthesia needed during surgery. Conclusions We consider one-per-mil tumescent technique as a promising successor of pneumatic tourniquet in bone and joint surgery, especially for lengthy procedures on hand and upper extremity.
Composition of Commercial Bis(2‐ethylhexyl) Sulfosuccinate Surfactant By‐Products and their Effects on an Agrochemical Formulation
Authors: Glaubitz Johannes , Molt Karl , Schmidt Torsten C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (known as AOT) is a commercially available surfactant commonly used in agrochemicals. Besides the principal diester surfactant, the commercial AOT product contains two surface‐active isomeric monoester by‐products, which may influence the surfactant's overall properties. This work investigates whether the purity of the surfactant affects its ability to stabilize an agrochemical formulation. The concentrations of the diester and two monoester impurities in batches of commercial AOT product from several suppliers were determined quantitatively by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The tested batches showed different contents of the monoesters. Samples of a model agrochemical formulation containing the AOT product formed more sediment during storage when the content of monoesters in the surfactant was high. The supplier of an commercial AOT product could be traced by analysis of the monoester content of either the raw product or the aged agrochemical formulation.
Aggregation Behavior and Micellar Properties of Sodium Salts of Naphthenic Acid Mixtures
Authors: Ćirin Dejan , Poša Mihalj , Grbović Ljubica , Pavlović Ksenija , Vasiljević Bojana 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate micellar and self‐assembly properties of four sodium salts of naphthenic acid mixtures by determination and comparative analysis of their critical micelle concentration values at seven different temperatures ranging from 10 to 40 °C using spectrofluorophotometric measurements. It was concluded that fractions having the lowest percentage of aliphatic structures give the least flexible micelles due to sterically rigid structure of cyclic side chains, what makes them difficult to pack in the micellar core. Additionally, surface properties of aqueous solutions of investigated mixtures were studied by the determination of the maximum surface excess, Γmax and the minimum area per surfactant molecule (Amin) values.
Evaluation of Rheological and Thermal Properties of a New Fluorocarbon Surfactant–Polymer System for EOR Applications in High‐Temperature and High‐Salinity Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Kamal Muhammad Shahzad , Sultan Abdullah Saad , Al‐Mubaiyedh Usamah A. , Hussien Ibnelwaleed A. , Pabon Martial 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThermal stability and rheological properties of a novel surfactant–polymer system containing non‐ionic ethoxylated fluorocarbon surfactant was evaluated. A copolymer of acrylamide (AM) and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) was used. Thermal stability and surfactant structural changes after aging at 100 °C were evaluated using TGA,1H NMR,13C NMR,19F NMR and FTIR. The surfactant was compatible with AM–AMPS copolymer and synthetic sea water. No precipitation of surfactant was observed in sea water. The surfactant was found to be thermally stable at 100 °C and no structural changes were detected after exposure to this temperature. Rheological properties of the surfactant–polymer (SP) system were measured in a high pressure rheometer. The effects of surfactant concentration, temperature, polymer concentration and salinity on rheological properties were studied for several SP solutions. At low temperature (50 °C), the viscosity initially increased slightly with the addition of the surfactant, then decreased at high surfactant concentration. At a high temperature (90 °C), an increase in the viscosity with the increase in surfactant concentration was not observed. Overall, the influence of the fluorocarbon surfactant on the viscosity of SP system was weak particularly at high temperatures and high shear rate. Salts present in sea water reduced the viscosity of the polymer due to a charge shielding effect. However, the surfactant was found to be thermally stable in the presence of salts.