bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESR1 Mutations in Circulating Plasma Tumor DNA from Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Chu David , Paoletti Costanza , Gersch Christina , VanDenBerg Dustin A. , Zabransky Daniel J. , Cochran Rory L. , Wong Hong Yuen , Toro Patricia Valda , Cidado Justin , Croessmann Sarah , Erlanger Bracha , Cravero Karen , Kyker-Snowman Kelly , Button Berry , Parsons Heather A. , Dalton W. Brian , Gillani Riaz , Medford Arielle , Aung Kimberly , Tokudome Nahomi , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Schott Anne , Robinson Dan , Jacks Karen S. , Lauring Josh , Hurley Paula J. , Hayes Daniel F. , Rae James M. , Park Ben Ho 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Mutations in the estrogen receptor (ER)α gene, ESR1, have been identified in breast cancer metastases after progression on endocrine therapies. Because of limitations of metastatic biopsies, the reported frequency of ESR1 mutations may be underestimated. Here, we show a high frequency of ESR1 mutations using circulating plasma tumor DNA (ptDNA) from patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Experimental Design: We retrospectively obtained plasma samples from eight patients with known ESR1 mutations and three patients with wild-type ESR1 identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of biopsied metastatic tissues. Three common ESR1 mutations were queried for using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). In a prospective cohort, metastatic tissue and plasma were collected contemporaneously from eight ER-positive and four ER-negative patients. Tissue biopsies were sequenced by NGS, and ptDNA ESR1 mutations were analyzed by ddPCR.
Results: In the retrospective cohort, all corresponding mutations were detected in ptDNA, with two patients harboring additional ESR1 mutations not present in their metastatic tissues. In the prospective cohort, three ER-positive patients did not have adequate tissue for NGS, and no ESR1 mutations were identified in tissue biopsies from the other nine patients. In contrast, ddPCR detected seven ptDNA ESR1 mutations in 6 of 12 patients (50%).
Conclusions: We show that ESR1 mutations can occur at a high frequency and suggest that blood can be used to identify additional mutations not found by sequencing of a single metastatic lesion. Clin Cancer Res; 22(4); 993–9. ©2015 AACR.
Influence of the Boreal Autumn Southern Annular Mode on Winter Precipitation over Land in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Liu Ting , Li Jianping , Zheng Fei 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
As an atmospheric oscillation with a global scale, the Southern Hemisphere (SH) annular mode (SAM) contributes not only to SH climate variability but also to climate anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). This paper demonstrates that the strong (weak) boreal autumn SAM usually favors a positive (negative) tripole precipitation pattern in the NH, with more (less) precipitation over the equator and midlatitudes but less (more) precipitation in the subtropics. The corresponding mechanism is examined based on reanalysis data and numerical modeling. It is suggested that the boreal autumn SAM is associated with changes in surface subpolar westerlies, which influence the surface heat exchange and drive the meridional oceanic Ekman flow, redistributing heat near the surface. Through these, warmer (colder) and colder (warmer) sea surface temperature (SST) belts in the SH middle and high latitudes form in response to the positive (negative) boreal autumn SAM, respectively. Such a positive (negative) Southern Ocean SST dipole pattern can persist into the boreal winter via the “memory” of SST. It can then affect the vertical motion in the SH meridional circulation and strengthen (weaken) the NH upward and downward branches. These anomalous vertical flows favor a positive (negative) tripole precipitation anomaly pattern in the NH under suitable moisture conditions. Such an “ocean–atmosphere coupled bridge” allows the influence of the boreal autumn SAM to persist into the following season and affect the NH climate. Hence, this work suggests that the boreal autumn SAM provides a significant forecasting signal for the NH climate in the following winter.
A Strong Wind Event on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica: A Case Study of Scale Interactions
Authors: Chenoli Sheeba Nettukandy , Turner John , Samah Azizan Abu 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In situ observations, satellite imagery, numerical weather prediction, and reanalysis fields are used to investigate the synoptic and mesoscale environment of a strong wind event (SWE) at McMurdo Station/Ross Island region on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, on 10 October 2003. The SWE occurred during the passage of a sequence of three mesoscale low pressure systems from the central Ross Ice Shelf to the southwest Ross Sea. A potential vorticity (PV) analysis showed that the lows drew air of continental origin down the glacial valleys of the Transantarctic Mountains and onto the ice shelf as a katabatic drainage flow. However, the analysis indicated that the air mass associated with the SWE was of recurved maritime origin drawn in by the second mesoscale low (L2). This air mass approached McMurdo Station from the south where interactions with the orography played a critical role. In the early stages of the event, when the wind speed was less than 10 m s−1, the air was deflected around the topographical features, such as Minna Bluff and Black and White Islands. As the pressure gradient increased, winds of more than 10 m s−1 crossed the orography and developed mountain waves along the lee slopes. When the Froude number became larger than 1, large-amplitude vertically propagating mountain waves developed over the McMurdo Station/Ross Island area, increasing the wind to 16 m s−1. The reanalysis fields did not resolve the mesoscale lows; however, the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) model was able to simulate important characteristics of the SWE such as the mesoscale low pressure system, flow around the topographical barrier, and the mountain wave.
Effects of education on breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes among middle school students
Authors: Zeller Cynthia Lee 
Published: August 2015

Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the impact of a school health module on the breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes of middle school students. Method: A convenience sample of 39 middle school students received education related to breastfeeding and completed a pre-test and a post-test. The School Survey on Breastfeeding Beliefs and Attitudes tool was used to determine if an educational module could change attitudes and knowledge about infant feeding. The survey instruments were identical for the pre-test and the post-test. Results: Inferential statistics and a multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of the education module in attitudes and knowledge towards breastfeeding. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that education modules in the middle school setting can address myths regarding infant feeding and delineate barriers for acceptance and support of breastfeeding. Recommendations include further research exploring the impact of breastfeeding education on attitudes towards breastfeeding in larger, randomised groups.
An Evaluation of the CDC’s Community-Based Breastfeeding Supplemental Cooperative Agreement
Authors: Lilleston Pamela , Nhim Kunthea , Rutledge Gia 
Published: August 2015

Background: Community-based organizations (CBOs) have an important role to play in promoting breastfeeding continuation among mothers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Program’s Cooperative Agreement Breastfeeding Supplement funded 6 state health departments to support CBOs to implement community-based breastfeeding support activities. Objectives: Study objectives were to (1) describe the reach of the Cooperative Agreement, (2) describe breastfeeding support strategies implemented by state health departments and CBOs, and (3) understand the barriers and facilitators to implementing community-based breastfeeding support strategies. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative data were abstracted from state health departments’ final evaluation reports. Qualitative data were analyzed for common themes using deductive and inductive approaches. Results: Within the 6 states funded by the Cooperative Agreement, 66 primary CBOs implemented breastfeeding support strategies and reported 59 256 contacts with mothers. Support strategies included incorporating lactation services into community-based programs, training staff, providing walk-in locations for lactation support, connecting breastfeeding mothers to resources, and providing services that reflect community-specific culture. Community partnerships, network building, stakeholders’ commitment, and programmatic and policy environments were key facilitators of program success. Conclusion: Key lessons learned include the importance of time in creating lasting organizational change, use of data for program improvement, choosing the right partners, taking a collective approach, and leveraging resources.
Considerations when communicating with awake patients undergoing image-guided neuro-interventions
Authors: Stafa Altin , Simonetti Luigi , Di Paola Francesco , Leonardi Marco 
Published: August 2015

The authors empirically evaluated the context of intra-procedural physician-patient communication during imaging-guided procedures in a radiology/neuroradiology interventional clinical framework. Different intra-procedural communicative scenarios are reported. They conclude that the quality of intra-procedural physician-patient communication should be considered an important element of individual and team ethical and professional behaviour, able to strongly influence the therapeutic alliance. As for the whole medical communication strategy, an approach which takes into account the psychological and cultural background of the individual patient is preferred.
Treatment Selection and Survival Outcomes in Early-Stage Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Do We Still Need Consolidative Radiotherapy?
Authors: Vargo John A. , Gill Beant S. , Balasubramani Goundappa K. , Beriwal Sushil 
Published: August 2015

Purpose The choice between chemotherapy alone and chemotherapy plus consolidative radiotherapy (RT) for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains controversial. We aimed to define factors affecting treatment selection and the resulting survival outcomes. Patients and Methods Using the National Cancer Data Base, we identified 59,255 patients with stages I and II DLBCL treated with multiagent chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus consolidative RT between 1998 and 2012. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify sociodemographic, treatment, and tumor characteristics predictive of overall survival (OS) and treatment use. Propensity-adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratios for survival were used to account for indication bias. Results Of the 59,255 patients with DLBCL enrolled onto the study, 46% had stage II disease, 42% had extranodal disease, and 58% were more than 60 years of age. Only 39% received combined-modality therapy, and this proportion significantly declined from 47% in 2000 to 32% in 2012 (P < .001). Treatment selection was significantly influenced by race, comorbidity, insurance type, education quartile, facility type, age, stage, B symptoms, distance from treatment facility, and year of diagnosis. The median follow-up time was 60 months (interquartile range, 33 to 93). Estimated 5-year and 10-year OS rates were, respectively, 79% and 59% for all patients, 75% and 55% for patients receiving chemotherapy alone, and 82% and 64% for patients receiving combined-modality therapy (P < .001). Even after adjusting for immortal times and indication bias, combined-modality therapy was associated with better OS (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.71; P < .001) than was chemotherapy alone. Conclusion Use of consolidative RT after multiagent chemotherapy in DLBCL is decreasing in the modern era. Selection of treatment strategy is affected by both classical prognostic features and socioeconomic factors. Abandonment of combined-modality therapy in favor of chemotherapy alone negatively affects patient survival.
Normal Thyroid Function and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Chaker Layal , Heeringa Jan , Dehghan Abbas , Medici Marco , Visser W. Edward , Baumgartner Christine , Hofman Albert , Rodondi Nicolas , Peeters Robin P. , Franco Oscar H. 
Published: August 2015

Context:
Hyperthyroidism is an established risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), but information concerning the association with variations within the normal range of thyroid function and subgroups at risk is lacking.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the association between normal thyroid function and AF prospectively and explore potential differential risk patterns.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
From the Rotterdam Study we included 9166 participants ≥ 45 y with TSH and/or free T4 (FT4) measurements and AF assessment (1997–2012 median followup, 6.8 y), with 399 prevalent and 403 incident AF cases.

Main Outcome Measures:
Outcome measures were 3-fold: 1) hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of incident AF by Cox proportional-hazards models, 2) 10-year absolute risks taking competing risk of death into account, and 3) discrimination ability of adding FT4 to the CHARGE-AF simple model, an established prediction model for AF.

Results:
Higher FT4 levels were associated with higher risks of AF (HR 1.63, 95% confidence interval, 1.19–2.22), when comparing those in the highest quartile to those in lowest quartile. Absolute 10-year risks increased with higher FT4 in participants ≤65 y from 1–9% and from 6–12% in subjects ≥ 65 y. Discrimination of the prediction model improved when adding FT4 to the simple model (c-statistic, 0.722 vs 0.729; P = .039). TSH levels were not associated with AF.

Conclusions:
There is an increased risk of AF with higher FT4 levels within the normal range, especially in younger subjects. Adding FT4 to the simple model slightly improved discrimination of risk prediction.
π-Expanded Axially Chiral Biaryls and Their Emissions: Molecular Design, Syntheses, Optical Resolution, Absolute Configuration, and Circularly Polarized Luminescence of 1,1′-Bipyrene-2,2′-diols
Authors: Hassan Kamrul , Yamashita Ken-ichi , Hirabayashi Kazunori , Shimizu Toshio , Nakabayashi Kazuki , Imai Yoshitane , Matsumoto Takashi , Yamano Akihito , Sugiura Ken-ichi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Axially chiral biaryls based on pyrene, 1,1′-bipyrene-2,2′-diol derivatives 2, were designed and synthesized from 2-hydroxypyrene. Simple optical resolution was carried out and the absolute configuration was determined by diffraction study. Title compounds 2 and corresponding menthylcarbonate 4 showed clear circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectra. The degree of dimensionless Kuhn’s anisotropy in the photoexcited state (|gem|) of 2 and 4 were ca. 3.6 × 10−4 and ca. 1.2 × 10−3, respectively. Noteworthy properties were as follows: 1) high fluorescent quantum yields of 2 and 4, 0.57 and 0.80, respectively, in marked contrast to that of BINOL, 0.04 and 2) bathochromic shifts of λCPL.
Lectura y análisis de la carta de renuncia de Camilo Jiménez desde una postura crítica
Authors: Ochoa Sierra Ligia , Moreno Mosquera Emilce 
Published: August 2015

<p>La lectura crítica supone alcanzar un alto grado de comprensión de las ideas expresadas y subyacentes, de los razonamientos y la ideología implícita del texto. En relación a este tipo de lectura, presentamos este artículo que tiene como intención mostrar el análisis de la carta de Camilo Jiménez, publicada en el periódico <em>el Tiempo</em> con el título “Profesor renuncia a su cátedra porque sus alumnos no escriben bien”, texto que en su momento fue muy polémico. Este trabajo se dio en el marco de una experiencia de formación de docentes de Educación Básica y Media de Bogotá en el campo de la lectura crítica. En el análisis hemos retomado la propuesta de Catherine Wallace (2003), la cual ha sido formulada teniendo en cuenta algunos principios del Análisis Crítico del Discurso y de la Gramática Funcional de Halliday, específicamente lo referido al campo, el tenor y el modo.</p>
Una propuesta inclusiva para la representación geométrica de los poliedros con población en condición de discapacidad visual
Authors: Gaviria Fuentes Yenny Rocío 
Published: August 2015

<p>Este trabajo es resultado del convenio de una pasantía de extensión. La propuesta fue desarrollada en un aula de carácter inclusivo, con población adulta limitada visual y vidente del tercer ciclo. Su propósito fue potenciar procesos de reconocimiento del espacio bidimensional<br />y tridimensional a partir de la geometría poligonal y poliédrica, mediante el diseño, aplicación y evaluación de una secuencia de actividades, la cual se desarrolló bajo el modelo Van Hiele. Como resultado se tienen la mejora significativa de los procesos de representación gráfica de todos los estudiantes y la adaptación de recursos específicos para la clase de geometría.</p>
A variant of the reciprocal super Catalan
matrix
Authors: Kılıç Emrah , Akkus Ilker , Kızılaslan Gonca 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Recently Prodinger [8] considered the reciprocal super Catalan matrix and gave explicit formulæ
for its LU-decomposition, the LU-decomposition of its inverse, and obtained some related matrices. For
all results, q-analogues were also presented. In this paper, we define and study a variant of the reciprocal
super Catalan matrix with two additional parameters. Explicit formulæ for its LU-decomposition, LUdecomposition
of its inverse and the Cholesky decomposition are obtained. For all results, q-analogues are
also presented.
Kelsen, Heller and Schmitt: Paradigms of Sovereignty Thought
Authors: Dyzenhaus David 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEyal Benvenisti has sought to provide an optimistic account of international law through reconceptualizing the idea of sovereignty as a kind of trusteeship for humanity. He thus sketches a welcome antidote to trends in recent work in public law including public international law that claim that international law is no more than a cloak for economic and political interests, so that all that matters is which powerful actor gets to decide. In this Article, I approach his position through a discussion of the debate in Weimar about sovereignty between Carl Schmitt, Hans Kelsen and Hermann Heller. I try to show that Heller’s almost unknown legal theory might be helpful to Benvenisti’s position. Heller shared with Schmitt the idea that sovereignty had to have a central role in legal theory and that its role includes a place for a final legal decision. Indeed, much more than Schmitt, Heller regarded all accounts of sovereignty as inherently political. However, in a manner closer to the spirit of Kelsen’s enterprise than to Schmitt’s, he wished to emphasize that the ultimate decider - the sovereign decision unit of the political order of liberal democracy - is entirely legally constituted. Moreover, Heller argued that fundamental principles of legality condition the exercise of a sovereign power in a way that explains the specific legitimacy of legality and which might supply the link between sovereignty and ideas such as trusteeship and humanity.
On Sovereignty, Legitimacy, and Solidarity Or: How Can a Solidaristic Idea of Legitimate Sovereignty Be Justified?
Authors: Dellavalle Sergio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe traditional concept of sovereignty is largely independent of democratic legitimacy and completely indifferent to any obligation towards non-national citizens. But can this traditional concept meet the normative expectations of a post-traditional understanding of political authority as well as the challenges of an ever more interconnected world? In order to respond to this question, the Article analyzes the conceptual presuppositions that lie at the basis of the notion of “sovereignty,” first regarding its sources, and second regarding the ideas of rationality that are applied when sovereign actors operate. As far as the sources of sovereignty are concerned, it is argued that both of them - the “ascending” and the “descending” - although decisive for determining the quality of the legitimacy of political power, have little influence on a positive attitude of sovereigns towards aliens’ interests. To clarify the conditions for an opening of sovereign powers to solidarity, an assessment of the rationalities which are implemented when a sovereign puts actions into effect is therefore required. Yet most rationality concepts - or uses of practical reason - prove to be negative or at least useless when it comes to the question of supporting solidarity: the gamut ranges from open hostility towards the idea of taking the interests of aliens into account, through substantial indifference, to a positive approach which presupposes, however, non-provable metaphysical assumptions or an individual mindset with no pretension of issuing norms of general validity. Only the communicative conception of reason meets the criteria for a convincing justification of solidarity towards aliens as an obligation. The author therefore concludes that only an “ascending” sovereignty based on a communicative understanding of rationality can be considered fully legitimate insofar as the sovereign power, in this case, first originates from the will of the citizens and, second, is morally, politically and legally obliged to a solidaristic attitude towards the justified interests of non-citizens.
Three Grotian Theories of Humanitarian Intervention
Authors: Criddle Evan J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis Article explores three theories of humanitarian intervention that appear in, or are inspired by, the writings of Hugo Grotius. One theory asserts that natural law authorizes all states to punish violations of the law of nations, irrespective of where or against whom the violations occur, to preserve the integrity of international law. A second theory, which also appears in Grotius’s writings, proposes that states may intervene as temporary legal guardians for peoples who have suffered intolerable cruelties at the hands of their own state. Each of these theories has fallen out of fashion today based on skepticism about their natural law underpinnings and concerns about how they have facilitated Western colonialism. As an alternative, this Article outlines a third theory that builds upon Grotius’s account of humanitarian intervention as a fiduciary relationship, while updating Grotius’s account for the twenty-first century. According to this new fiduciary theory, when states intervene to protect human rights abroad they exercise an oppressed people’s right of self-defense on their behalf and may use force solely for the people’s benefit. As fiduciaries, intervening states bear obligations to consult with and honor the preferences of the people they seek to protect, and they must respect international human rights governing the use of force within the affected state. By clarifying the respective responsibilities of the Security Council and individual states for humanitarian intervention, the fiduciary theory also lends greater coherency to the international community’s “responsibility to protect” human rights.