bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐stimuli‐responsive chromic switching self‐assembled with polyoxometalate and copper‐viologen frameworks
Authors: Chang Shen‐Zhen , Zhong Hong‐Xiao , Chen Yan‐Hong , Lin Yong‐Hui , Wang Fu‐Xiang , Fu Ya‐Min , Pan Qin‐He 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChromic materials with multi‐stimuli responses have received tremendous attention from industry and academia for their potential applications in smart windows, data storage, military camouflage, molecular switches, modulators, etc. To develop multi‐stimuli‐responsive color‐changing materials with high sensitivity and high stability, a polyoxometalate‐based copper‐viologen framework, formulated as Cu2(H2O)2(L)2[PW12O40][OH−]·2H2O (HNU‐97, H2L2+ = 1,1′‐(1,4‐phenylenebis(methylene))bis(4‐carboxypyridinium)), was prepared by a mild one‐step self‐assembly strategy. Structural analysis shows that HNU‐97 presents a supramolecular structure formed by a one‐dimensional copper‐viologen framework and polyoxometalates through rich hydrogen bonds, anion‐π interactions, etc. Discoloration studies show that HNU‐97 exhibits reversible and rapid response characteristics to various external stimuli, such as 10 s to UV radiation, 5 min to heating, and 5 min to ammonium/amine vapors. This mechanism reveals that different external excitation sources lead to different preferential transfer directions of electrons, resulting in different discoloration phenomena. To construct stimuli‐chromic materials with good mechanical properties, we successfully introduced HNU‐97 into the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/glycerol (Gly) hydrogel to obtain a composite HNU‐97@PVA/Gly. Remarkably, HNU‐97@PVA/Gly combines the merits of each component and can achieve significant response discoloration behavior under both UV irradiation and ammonia atmosphere. This work will provide an idea for the construction of multiple stimuli‐responsive materials.
Layered oxide cathodes: A comprehensive review of characteristics, research, and development in lithium and sodium ion batteries
Authors: Xu Zhengwei , Song Kangwei , Chang Xinyue , Li Li , Zhang Weicheng , Xue Yixun , Zhang Jiahui , Lin Dewu , Liu Zheyuan , Wang Qian , Yu Yan , Yang Chengkai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLayered oxide materials are widely used in the field of energy storage and conversion due to their high specific energy, high efficiency, long cycle life, and high safety. Herein, We summarize the latest research progress in the field of layered metal oxide cathode materials from three aspects: challenges faced, failure mechanisms, and modification methods. We also compare the characteristics of lithium‐based layered oxides and sodium‐based layered oxides, and predict future development directions. The layered oxide cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries and lithium‐ion batteries exhibit overall structural and operational similarities. There are also some differences, such as lattice parameters and application extent. Sodium‐ion battery cathode materials need to explore new materials and address structural instability issues, while lithium‐ion batteries require finding alternative materials and improving production efficiency. Future challenges for both types of materials include enhancing capacity and cycle performance, elucidating deep mechanisms, reducing costs, and improving resource sustainability. Future development should focus on balancing cycle stability and charge cut‐off voltage to meet the growing demand for battery applications.
Proactive self‐healing techniques for cloud computing: A systematic review
Authors: Rouholamini Seyed Reza , Mirabi Meghdad , Farazkish Razieh , Sahafi Amir 
Published: August 2024

SummaryEnsuring the seamless operation of cloud computing services is paramount for meeting user demands and ensuring business continuity. Fault‐tolerant self‐healing techniques play a crucial role in enhancing the reliability and availability of cloud platforms, minimizing downtime and ensuring uninterrupted service delivery. This article systematically categorizes and analyzes existing research on fault‐tolerant self‐healing techniques published between 2005 and 2024. We provide a comprehensive technical taxonomy organizing self‐healing techniques based on fault tolerance processes, encompassing considerations for both reliability and availability. Additionally, we evaluate applications of proactive self‐healing techniques, highlighting their achievements, and limitations in enhancing service continuity. Strategies to address identified weaknesses are discussed, alongside future research challenges and open issues in the domain of cloud resilience. Through this analysis, the article contributes to understanding self‐healing techniques in cloud computing, offering insights into their effectiveness in ensuring service continuity. The findings aim to guide future research efforts in developing more robust and resilient cloud infrastructures, ultimately enhancing overall service reliability and availability. By emphasizing the importance of fault tolerance and self‐healing techniques, this article lays the foundation for advancing the state‐of‐the‐art in cloud computing.
Performance of Single Nanopore and Multi‐Pore Membranes for Blue Energy
Authors: Baldelli Matteo , Di Muccio Giovanni , Viola Francesco , Giacomello Alberto , Cecconi Fabio , Balme Sébastien , Chinappi Mauro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe salinity gradient power extracted from the mixing of electrolyte solutions at different concentrations through selective nanoporous membranes is a promising route to renewable energy. However, several challenges need to be addressed to make this technology profitable, one of the most relevant being the increase of the extractable power per membrane area. Here, the performance of asymmetric conical and bullet‐shaped nanopores in a 50 nm thick membrane are studied via electrohydrodynamic simulations, varying the pore radius, curvature, and surface charge. The output power reaches ~60 pW per pore for positively charged membranes (surface charge σw=160 mC/m2) and ~30 pW for negatively charges ones, σw=−160 mC/m2 and it is robust to minor variations of nanopore shape and radius. A theoretical argument that takes into account the interaction among neighbour pores allows to extrapolate the single‐pore performance to multi‐pore membranes showing that power densities from tens to hundreds of W/m2 can be reached by proper tuning of the nanopore number density and the boundary layer thickness. Our model for scaling single‐pore performance to multi‐pore membrane can be applied also to experimental data providing a simple tool to effectively compare different nanopore membranes in blue energy applications.
Choosing Suitable Color Palettes for Accessible and Accurate Science Figures
Authors: Crameri Fabio , Shephard Grace E. , Heron Philip J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn a scientific context, a suitable color choice is more than simple decoration. Color handling, as part of scientific visualization, is a scientific methodology that is one of the most widely used, given the importance of figures and images in conveying results. Yet, an expert‐level understanding and application of proper scientific coloring is rare. Here, a concise overview of important color tools is provided and complemented by ready‐to‐apply resources for using color in science research, publishing, communication, tool development, editing, and teaching. This overview offers a guide to spot problems, master the methodology, and support accessible and accurate use of color for science figures in both short and long terms. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Interactive effects of water deficit and nitrogen deficiency on photosynthesis, its underlying component processes, and carbon loss processes in cotton
Authors: Parkash Ved , Snider John L. , Virk Gurpreet 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDrought stress and nitrogen (N) deficiency are important abiotic stresses that severely limit net photosynthetic rate (AN). A number of studies have investigated the underlying physiological limitations to AN in response to water deficit or N deficiency; however, the relative sensitivities of photosynthetic component processes and carbon loss processes to combined drought and N deficiency in field‐grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) have not been explored. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of combined water deficit and nitrogen deficiency on the underlying physiological processes driving AN in field‐grown cotton. Water‐deficit stress caused substantial reductions in AN, but reductions in AN were greater under optimum N conditions (74%) than under N deficiency (22%). Decreased CO2 diffusion, RuBP regeneration, and Rubisco carboxylation were major contributors to a decline in AN due to water‐deficit stress. Reductions in Rubisco carboxylation and RuBP regeneration were the greatest drivers of N deficiency‐induced decline in AN. Lower CO2 diffusion and Rubisco carboxylation were main constraints to AN due to combined water deficit and N deficiency. Regarding carbon loss processes, both dark respiration and photorespiration under water‐deficit stress or N deficiency, and only photorespiration under combined water deficit and N deficiency, contributed to declines in AN. Increased non‐photochemical quenching and/or photorespiration prevented photoinhibition of photosystem II under stress conditions. Overall, response of photosynthesis to water‐deficit stress was dependent on N availability, and rate‐limiting physiological processes contributing to declines in AN were dependent on the type of prevailing stress.
Wireless sensor network coverage of improved sea lion algorithm
Authors: Kagi Swati Shivakumar , Mallapur Sujata Veeresh 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe base station receives the environmental data from a predetermined field that is collected and transferred by the sensors for processing and analysis. However, coverage maximization is the major issue that requires the deployment of varied sensor nodes (SNs), in such a way that optimizes network coverage while enduring practical limitations. This is pointed out to be a significant challenge in constructing WSNs. Since this is considered to be a well‐known NP‐hard issue, metaheuristic methods must be used for solving the realistic problem sizes. Hence, our work considers the problem of finding the best placement to ensure good network coverage in WSN. Accordingly, the solution to the above‐mentioned problem is modeled by covering a new 2‐D distance evaluation based on weighted Minkowski. Further, we deploy the Self Improved Sealion with Opposition Behavior (SI‐SLOB) algorithm for determining the optimal placement of given sensor nodes. In the end, we perform varied evaluations on distance and coverage area to ensure the enhancement of the SI‐SLOB scheme over the other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. The proposed method achieves minimum distance mean value in target node 25, which is 4.1%, 4.0%, 2.3%, 5.1%, 3.5%, 3.0%, and 4.1% better than the other methods such as SLO, GWO, PSO, BMO, BOA, RHSO, and WOA, respectively. Thus the proposed WSN node coverage models have diverse applications across various domains, contributing to improved efficiency, safety, and resource management.
Combined high rates of alternative breeding strategies unexpectedly found among populations of a solitary nesting raptor
Authors: Rosenfield Robert N. , Sonsthagen Sarah A. , Stout William E. , Driscoll Timothy G. , Stewart Andrew C. , Frater Paul N. , Talbot Sandra L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSocial monogamy is the prevalent mating system in birds, but alternative strategies of extra‐pair paternity (EPP) and conspecific brood parasitism (CBP) occur in many species. Raptors are virtually absent in discussions of broad taxonomic reviews regarding EPP and CBP likely because these strategies are mostly absent or at low frequency; CBP is unreported in solitary nesting raptors. In contrast, we found high frequencies of EPP (16%–31%) and CBP (15%–26%) nests among three populations of Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) across the northern breeding range of this solitary nesting, socially monogamous species. EPP and CBP combined occurred in 42%–46% of all nests among populations and hence unexpectedly were nearly equivalent to proportions of genetically monogamous nests. Select covariates failed to predict presence of EPP and CBP in part because virtually all extra‐pair adults were uncaught and likely were floaters. We found no support for the hypothesis that territorial females traded copulations for food to maximize energy intake for increased production. Our unique discoveries enhance knowledge of the extent and diversity of alternative breeding strategies among groups of avian and other animal species.
Evolution and driving mechanism of runoff in the Han River basin from 1980 to 2020 under changing environments
Authors: Luo Yulan , Liu Yuxin , Wang Yusheng , Lv Xin , Zang Chuanfu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent studies in ecohydrology have focussed on the impact of climate and vegetation changes on runoff. To reveal the hydrological response mechanism under changing environments, this investigation explored the evolution and driving mechanism of Q (the mean annual runoff) in the Han River basin from 1980 to 2020 by combining the Budyko–Porporato–Guswa coupling model and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, with scenario analysis and statistical analysis. The results showed that (1) Q was 719.38 mm and showed a fluctuating trend from 1980 to 2020. The spatial distribution was characterised by the largest in the upper Mei River, the second in the Ting River, and the smallest in the lower Mei River and the upper‐middle Han River. (2) Q increased with obvious spatial heterogeneity under the impact of climate change and the integrated impact of climate and vegetation changes. (3) Q had the strongest sensitivity to the change in E0, followed by P, and the weakest was vegetation. Q and E0 showed a strong correlation. (4) The principal driver for the change in Q was climate change, and the impact of P was greater than E0. The impact of vegetation variability was the smallest. This paper can serve as a reference for the research of hydrological response to changing environments and an academic foundation for the scheduling of water resources.
Variation in the role of the flag‐leaf in reproductive effort of semiarid rangeland bunchgrasses
Authors: Hamerlynck Erik P. , Quigley Kathleen M. , O'Connor Rory C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms underlying viable seed production of perennial bunchgrasses is critical to improving restoration and conservation success in Great Basin sagebrush steppe rangelands. We studied the effects of pre‐ and post‐anthesis flag‐leaf removal and post‐anthesis seed‐head shading on reproductive effort in two important rangeland restoration species, the exotic crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) and native squirreltail (Elymus elymoides). Flag‐leaf removal had distinct, species‐specific effects on seed filling. Pre‐anthesis flag‐leaf removal in crested wheatgrass reduced the proportion of filled seeds, while post‐anthesis removal did not. In contrast, squirreltail increased filled seed proportions regardless of flag‐leaf removal timing. Neither flag‐leaf removal treatment affected seed quality, as quantified by seed‐specific mass (in grams per square meter), which significantly reduced with seed‐head shading in both species. Seed‐head shading reduced total propagule production (unfilled + filled seeds) in crested wheatgrass but increased it in squirreltail, possibly due to our shading method protecting from seed‐head herbivory or high‐light stress. Flag‐leaf removal in the squirreltail also induced a negative shading effect on filled seed area, mass, and specific mass. These findings suggest flag leaves can modulate reproductive effort outside of seed provisioning, either by maintaining pre‐fertilized seed viability, as in crested wheatgrass, or acting as a competitive sink to the fully emerged seed‐head, as in squirreltail. Moreover, this study demonstrates photosynthetic activity by the seed‐head itself is critical to the expression of seed quality traits important to seedling establishment success of semiarid perennial bunchgrasses.
Comparison of Seven DNA Metabarcoding Sampling Methods to Assess Diet in a Large Avian Predator
Authors: Paprocki Neil , Blair Shannon , Conway Courtney J. , Adams Jennifer , Nerkowski Stacey , Kidd Jeff , Waits Lisette 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTDNA metabarcoding is a rapidly advancing tool for diet assessment in wildlife ecology. Studies have used a variety of field collection methods to evaluate diet; however, there is a pressing need to understand the differences among sampling methods and the downstream inferential consequences they may have on our ability to document diet accurately and efficiently. We evaluated seven DNA metabarcoding sampling methods to assess the diet of a large avian predator: Buteo lagopus (rough‐legged hawk). We collected beak swabs, talon swabs, cheek (buccal) swabs, cloacal swabs, and cloacal loops from captured birds, and collected fecal samples from both captured and uncaptured birds. We described and compared variation in prey recovery within and among the seven sampling methods and identified appropriate analytical methods to compare diet among individuals sampled via different methods. Beak and talon swabs produced the highest prey detection rates, yielded the greatest prey richness per sample, and contributed the most to an individual's total prey richness per sampling occasion compared to other sampling methods. Within individuals sampled using five methods during a single capture occasion, cloacal swabs and cheek swabs positively predicted prey richness and average prey mass, respectively, from fecal samples. While all methods identified similar dominant prey taxa that were consistent with prior diet studies, beak and talon swabs detected greater prey richness at both the individual and population levels. We propose a food residue duration hypothesis whereby methods which sample areas containing food DNA consumed from longer and more continuous pre‐sampling time intervals explain variation among sampling methods in observed prey richness. Choice of sampling method can influence predator diet characterization and is particularly important if researchers wish to quantify uncommon diet items or compare diet metrics using samples collected via different methods.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses provide evidence on the biocontrol mechanism responsible for the inhibition of Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata by Bacillus velezensis in kiwifruit
Authors: Zeng Shixian , Li Xiaojiao , Leng Jinsong , Wisniewski Michael , Chen Mingrong , Wang Yong , Liu Jia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBotrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata are major pre‐ and postharvest plant pathogens of kiwifruit and responsible for significant economic losses. Although synthetic fungicides are the main source of controlling these pathogens, their use can lead to pathogen resistance, pollution of the environment, and their residues on agricultural produce can represent a health risk to humans. Bacillus velezensis is an ecofriendly bacterium with biocontrol potential. The objectives of the present study were to determine the efficacy of B. velezensis against B. cinerea and A. alternata, both of which are pre‐ and postharvest pathogens of kiwifruit, and investigate the mechanisms responsible for its biocontrol activity using transcriptomic and metabolomic methodology. Dual cultures of B. velezensis and either B. cinerea or A. alternata versus single cultures were used to conduct a transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to provide insight into the mechanism by which B. velezensis inhibits B. cinerea and A. alternata. A total of 2499 and 3248 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the B. velezensis/B. cinerea and B. velezensis/A. alternata comparisons, respectively. Genes related to sporulation, virulence, and hydrolase activity were downregulated in B. cinerea and A. alternata. Genes associated with MAPK signaling and the TCA cycle were also downregulated. Our study provides new insights into mechanism underlying the inhibition of B. cinerea and A. alternata by B. velezensis. Our results also demonstrate the potential of B. velezensis as a biocontrol agent against these two major pathogens of kiwifruit.
An implicit DG solver for incompressible two‐phase flows with an artificial compressibility formulation
Authors: Orlando Giuseppe 
Published: August 2024

SummaryWe propose an implicit discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretization for incompressible two‐phase flows using an artificial compressibility formulation. The conservative level set (CLS) method is employed in combination with a reinitialization procedure to capture the moving interface. A projection method based on the L‐stable TR‐BDF2 method is adopted for the time discretization of the Navier‐Stokes equations and of the level set method. Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is employed to enhance the resolution in correspondence of the interface between the two fluids. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown in a number of classical benchmarks. A specific analysis on the influence of different choices of the mixture viscosity is also carried out.
Contemporary treatment and outcome of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Burggraf Manuela , Schiele Stefan , Thölken Rubens , López Francisco José Farfán , Elawany Noran , Zenk Johannes , Doescher Johannes 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInduction chemotherapy (IC) recently gained importance for treatment of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC). We analyzed our SNUC cases and performed a meta‐analysis with focus on survival‐rates stratified by treatment. SNUC cases at our institution were retrospectively evaluated. A systematic literature review was conducted to analyze treatment and outcome of SNUC. To calculate 5‐year and 2‐year overall survival (OS), individual patient data (IPD) were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier estimators and Cox proportional hazard regression to identify associations between types of therapy and survival. A random effects model for pooled estimates of 5‐year survival was applied to studies without IPD data. Five‐year OS of our SNUC cases (n = 9) was 44.4%. The IPD analysis (n = 192) showed a significantly better 5‐year OS for patients who received induction chemotherapy (72.6% vs. 44.5%). The pooled 5‐year OS of 13 studies identified in the literature search was 43.8%. IC should be considered in every patient diagnosed with SNUC.