bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalences of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy are lower in Korean type 2 diabetic patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kim Bo‐Yeon , Jung Chan‐Hee , Mok Ji‐Oh , Kang Sung Koo , Kim Chul‐Hee 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe associations between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic vascular complications of type 2 diabetes remain uncertain. We assessed the relationships between NAFLD and chronic vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsPatients with type 2 diabetes (n = 929) attending a diabetes clinic of a university hospital were studied retrospectively. Patients who had any clinical evidence of cirrhosis or other causes of chronic liver disease were excluded. Prevalences of chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications were assessed. NAFLD was ascertained by ultrasonography.ResultsThe prevalence of NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes was 63.3%. The prevalences of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy were significantly lower in patients with NAFLD than those without NAFLD (33.0 vs 70.2%, P < 0.001; 29.3 vs 37.1%, P = 0.007, respectively), whereas no difference was found in the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy. The prevalence of diabetic macrovascular complications was lower in type 2 diabetic patients with NAFLD than those without NAFLD (9.2 vs 14.7%, P = 0.008). After adjustment for confounding factors, such as age, sex, glycated hemoglobin, fasting serum C‐peptide, diabetic duration, body mass index and hypertension, NAFLD remained significantly associated with a lower odds ratio (OR) of diabetic retinopathy (OR 0.440, 95% confidence interval 0.255–0.757, P = 0.003) and nephropathy, (OR 0.541, 95% confidence interval 0.358–0.817, P = 0.003). In contrast, NAFLD was not significantly associated with macrovascular complications after adjustment for confounding factors.ConclusionsThese results suggest that NAFLD is inversely associated with prevalences of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes.
Phosphorylation of neuronal Lysine‐Specific Demethylase 1LSD1/KDM1A impairs transcriptional repression by regulating interaction with CoREST and histone deacetylases HDAC1/2
Authors: Toffolo Emanuela , Rusconi Francesco , Paganini Leda , Tortorici Marcello , Pilotto Simona , Heise Christopher , Verpelli Chiara , Tedeschi Gabriella , Maffioli Elisa , Sala Carlo , Mattevi Andrea , Battaglioli Elena 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms play important roles in brain development, orchestrating proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Lysine‐Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1 also known as KDM1A and AOF2) is a histone modifier involved in transcriptional repression, forming a stable core complex with the corepressors corepressor of REST (CoREST) and histone deacetylases (HDAC1/2). Importantly, in the mammalian CNS, neuronal LSD1‐8a, an alternative splicing isoform of LSD1 including the mini‐exon E8a, sets alongside LSD1 and is capable of enhancing neurite growth and morphogenesis. Here, we describe that the morphogenic properties of neuronal LSD1‐8a require switching off repressive activity and this negative modulation is mediated in vivo by phosphorylation of the Thr369b residue coded by exon E8a. Three‐dimensional crystal structure analysis using a phospho‐mimetic mutant (Thr369bAsp), indicate that phosphorylation affects the residues surrounding the exon E8a‐coded amino acids, causing a local conformational change. We suggest that phosphorylation, without affecting demethylase activity, causes in neurons CoREST and HDAC1/2 corepressors detachment from LSD1‐8a and impairs neuronal LSD1‐8a repressive activity. In neurons, Thr369b phosphorylation is required for morphogenic activity, converting neuronal LSD1‐8a in a dominant‐negative isoform, challenging LSD1‐mediated transcriptional repression on target genes.
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Surfactant protein D (SP‐D) deficiency is attenuated in humanised mice expressing the Met(11)Thr short nucleotide polymorphism of SP‐D: implications for surfactant metabolism in the lung
Authors: Knudsen Lars , Ochs Katharina , Boxler Laura , Tornoe Ida , Lykke‐Sorensen Grith , Mackay Rose‐Marie , Clark Howard W. , Holmskov Uffe , Ochs Matthias , Madsen Jens 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSurfactant protein D (SP‐D) is part of the innate immune system involved in lung homeostasis. SP‐D knockout mice show accumulations of foamy alveolar macrophages, alveolar lipoproteinosis and pulmonary emphysema. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been described in the coding sequence of the human SP‐D gene SFTPD. Clinical studies showed that the SNP SFTPD with a nucleotide change from A to C resulting in a Met to Thr substitution at position 11 in the protein (Met(11)Thr), is relevant. This study set out to create a humanised mouse model of the Met(11)Thr SNP. Transgenic mice lines expressing either Met(11) or Thr(11) SP‐D under the control of the ubiquitously expressed pROSA26 promoter in C57Bl/6 SP‐D deficient mice (DKO) was created. Both Met(11) (142 ± 52 ng mL−1) and Thr(11) (228 ± 76 ng mL−1) mice lines expressed human SP‐D at almost similar levels. According to the literature this was within the range of SP‐D levels found in wildtype (WT) mice (253 ± 22 ng mL−1). Met(11) or Thr(11) SP‐D in serum from transgenic mice bound maltose in a calcium‐dependent manner, and binding was inhibited in the presence of EDTA or maltose. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed for both transgenic mice lines complementation of the DKO phenotype by restoring cell counts, phospholipid levels and protein content back to WT levels. Cytospins of BAL pellet cells showed a resemblance to WT but both mice lines showed some foamy alveolar macrophages. The stereological analysis showed for none of the mice lines a complete abrogation of emphysematous alterations. However, both Met(11) and Thr(11) mice lines were partially reverted back to a WT phenotype when compared with DKO mice, indicating important effects on surfactant metabolism in vivo.
Validity of the Morse Fall Scale implemented in an electronic medical record system
Authors: Baek Seonhyeon , Piao Jinshi , Jin Yinji , Lee Sun‐Mi 
Published: October 2013

Aims and objectivesTo examine the validity of the Morse Fall Scale by analysing the electronic medical records on fall risk during different phases of hospitalisation.BackgroundRegular monitoring on fall risk with a reliable and valid assessment tool is a key element in the fall prevention. In Korea, the Morse Fall Scale is currently being used in numerous medical institutions, yet it has not been comprehensively evaluated whether it is suitable and valid.DesignThe study design was a retrospective case–control study.MethodsThe participants included 151 fallers and 694 nonfallers. Data were extracted from a university hospital implementing Morse Fall Scale in the electronic medical records between October 2010 and June 2011. The nonfallers were selected by the stratified random sampling method among the patients who were in the hospital during the same period as the fallers. The Morse Fall Scale scores during three different time periods of hospital stay were used for analysis: the initial assessment score upon admission, the last and the maximum scores recorded from admission to the fall or discharge.ResultsWith the maximum Morse Fall Scale score and the best cut‐off point of 51, validity indicators showed the highest performance: 0·72 for sensitivity, 0·91 for specificity, 0·63 for positive predictive value, 0·94 for negative predictive value, 0·63 for Youden Index and 0·77 for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.ConclusionThe Morse Fall Scale showed relatively high predictive performance for the Korean population.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study results recommend practice change in fall prevention. As the validity was highest when the patient was first classified into the high‐risk group based on the Morse Fall Scale cut‐off score 51, patients classified as high risk should be placed under special nursing interventions until the day of their discharge, regardless of change in the patient state.
Detection and Identification of Aster Yellows Phytoplasma Associated with Lipstick Yellow Frond Disease in Malaysia
Authors: Naderali Neda , Vadamalai Ganesan , Tan Yee How , Nejat Naghmeh 
Published: October 2013

AbstractYellowing symptoms similar to coconut yellow decline phytoplasma disease were observed on lipstick palms (Cyrtostachys renda) in Selangor state, Malaysia. Typical symptoms were yellowing, light green fronds, gradual collapse of older fronds and decline in growth. Polymerase chain reaction assay was employed to detect phytoplasma in symptomatic lipstick palms. Extracted DNA was amplified from symptomatic lipstick palms by PCR using phytoplasma‐universal primer pair P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2. Phytoplasma presence was confirmed, and the 1250 bp products were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis indicated that the phytoplasmas associated with lipstick yellow frond disease were isolates of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ belonging to the 16SrI group. Virtual RFLP analysis of the resulting profiles revealed that these palm‐infecting phytoplasmas belong to subgroup 16SrI‐B and a possibly new 16SrI‐subgroup. This is the first report of lipstick palm as a new host of aster yellows phytoplasma (16SrI) in Malaysia and worldwide.
Factors that influence activities of daily living in the elderly with probable dementia
Authors: Ha E. , Kim K. 
Published: October 2013

Accessible summary
The aim of the research was to identify the factors that influence activities of daily living (ADL) in the elderly with probable dementia. Factors that influenced ADL were faecal and urinary incontinence, regularity of exercise, MMSE‐KC score and stroke history.
The factors that affect ADL in the present study can serve as a basis to develop a multidisciplinary intervention programme with the aim of reducing admissions to long‐term care facilities by increasing the ability to perform ADL. Such interventions should also aim to improve physical and mental health statuses and promote social and interpersonal interactions. These activities promote cognitive function and contribute to help for prevention of dementia.
This study identified five factors influencing ADL that can guide researchers and nurses in developing strategies to improve ADL.
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence activities of daily living (ADL) in the elderly with probable dementia. The participants were 152 older adults who voluntarily visited a hospital to participate in a national dementia free screening programme. General characteristics, health‐related characteristics, ADL, Mini‐Mental State Examination Korean Consortium (MMSE‐KC) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score were evaluated in this study. The data were analysed using independent t‐tests, Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The ADL score of the participants was 14.3, and 88.2% of the participants were severe cognitive disorder. ADL scores were positively related with MMSE‐KC scores (r = 0.35, P < 0.001) and negatively with GDS scores (r = –0.20, P = 0.014). Factors that influenced ADL were faecal and urinary incontinence, regularity of exercise, MMSE‐KC score and stroke history; these five variables explained 30.8% of the ADL score for the elderly with probable dementia. Multidisciplinary interventions are essential to improve the ADL and prevent deterioration of cognitive function in elderly patients with probable dementia.
Baseline Characteristics from an Ongoing Phase 3 Study of Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum in Patients with Peyronie's Disease
Authors: Gelbard Martin , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. , McMahon Chris G. , Levine Laurence A. , Smith Ted , Tursi James , Kaufman Gregory , Goldstein Irwin 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Peyronie's disease (PD) is a localized penile collagen disorder of the tunica albuginea associated with significant physical deformity and psychological impairment. Current understanding of pretreatment characteristics in patients with chronic PD is limited by small samples, varied quality of assessments, and the lack of a PD-specific, validated measure of the psychosexual impact of PD.

Aims
Reporting baseline demographic and disease characteristics of the large multinational cohort of subjects with chronic PD who participated in the collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH, an investigational intralesional injection and minimally invasive intervention) phase 3 clinical study program. Findings from well-defined assessments, including the Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ), the first validated PD-specific patient-reported measure of psychosexual impact, are reported.

Methods
Subjects included men ≥18 years old with PD symptoms ≥12 months and penile deformity between 30° and 90°. Analysis data included demographics, disease history, and psychosexual impact.

Main Outcome Measures
Penile deformity, disease symptoms, the International Index of Erectile Function, and the PDQ were assessed.

Results
Eight hundred thirty-two subjects were enrolled from 64 sites across the United States and Australia. The mean age was 57.7 years; mean PD duration was 4.1 years. The majority of subjects had penile deformity ≤60° (77.3%); mean penile deformity was 50.5°. Subjects reported having intercourse a mean of 10.2 times in the previous 3 months, 70.8% reported difficulty in performing vaginal intercourse, and 80.4% reported less frequent vaginal intercourse. Approximately 71.5% of subjects with severe (&gt;60°) and 58.1% of subjects with mild/moderate (≤60°) penile deformity were “very bothered” or “extremely bothered” upon last look at their erect penis (P = 0.0041), as measured by the PDQ.

Conclusions
These data add to the body of knowledge regarding the clinical impact of chronic phase PD, including the PD-specific patient-reported psychosexual symptoms, using a large multinational chronic PD cohort in the CCH phase 3 clinical program. Gelbard M, Hellstrom WJG, McMahon CG, Levine LA, Smith T, Tursi J, Kaufman G, and Goldstein I. Baseline characteristics from an ongoing phase 3 study of collagenase clostridium histolyticum in patients with Peyronie's disease. J Sex Med 2013;10:2822–2831.
Antiviral efficacy of entecavir in nucleos(t)ide‐naïve patients of Black/African descent with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Jeffers L. , Van Rensburg C. J. , Banks A. , Schechter M. , Schmidt S. J. , Hu W. , Llamoso C. , Parana R. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThis single‐arm, open‐label, descriptive study assessed the efficacy and safety of entecavir (ETV) in nucleos(t)ide‐naïve Black/African American patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), a patient population underrepresented in ETV registration trials. Forty patients with HBeAg(+) or HBeAg(−) compensated CHB of self‐described Black/African American race received ETV 0.5 mg daily for 52 weeks; 37 patients completed 52 weeks of treatment. At Week 48, 29/40 (72.5%, noncompleter = failure) patients achieved the primary endpoint of HBV DNA <50 IU/mL. Rates for HBeAg loss (11/22; 50%) and HBeAg seroconversion (9/22; 41%) were high, possibly due to the high HBV genotype A prevalence (70%). No patient experienced virological breakthrough. Samples for resistance testing were available in 6/8 patients with HBV DNA >50 IU/mL at Week 48 or last on‐treatment visit. No ETV resistance was detected. The safety profile of ETV was consistent with that observed in ETV registration trials. This study shows that in Black/African American patients with CHB, ETV was well tolerated and demonstrated comparable antiviral efficacy to that observed in White and Asian patients in ETV Phase III studies.
Psychological traits influence autonomic nervous system recovery following esophageal intubation in health and functional chest pain
Authors: Farmer A. D. , Coen S. J. , Kano M. , Worthen S. F. , Rossiter H. E. , Navqi H. , Scott S. M. , Furlong P. L. , Aziz Q. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal intubation is a widely utilized technique for a diverse array of physiological studies, activating a complex physiological response mediated, in part, by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In order to determine the optimal time period after intubation when physiological observations should be recorded, it is important to know the duration of, and factors that influence, this ANS response, in both health and disease.MethodsFifty healthy subjects (27 males, median age 31.9 years, range 20–53 years) and 20 patients with Rome III defined functional chest pain (nine male, median age of 38.7 years, range 28–59 years) had personality traits and anxiety measured. Subjects had heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), sympathetic (cardiac sympathetic index, CSI), and parasympathetic nervous system (cardiac vagal tone, CVT) parameters measured at baseline and in response to per nasum intubation with an esophageal catheter. CSI/CVT recovery was measured following esophageal intubation.Key ResultsIn all subjects, esophageal intubation caused an elevation in HR, BP, CSI, and skin conductance response (SCR; all p < 0.0001) but concomitant CVT and cardiac sensitivity to the baroreflex (CSB) withdrawal (all p < 0.04). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that longer CVT recovery times were independently associated with higher neuroticism (p < 0.001). Patients had prolonged CSI and CVT recovery times in comparison to healthy subjects (112.5 s vs 46.5 s, p = 0.0001 and 549 s vs 223.5 s, p = 0.0001, respectively).Conclusions & InferencesEsophageal intubation activates a flight/flight ANS response. Future studies should allow for at least 10 min of recovery time. Consideration should be given to psychological traits and disease status as these can influence recovery.
Sphenomandibular ligament calcification causing progressive restriction of mouth opening: case report and literature review
Authors: Salha R. , Shah J. , Sidebottom A.J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA 46‐year old male presented with a 3‐year history of restricted mouth opening following inferior alveolar block injections for dental treatment. An initial magnetic resonance imaging and subsequent three‐dimensional computed tomography scans reported the cause as lateral pterygoid calcification and temporalis muscle calcification, respectively. Physiotherapy was initially helpful but relapse occurred. Intraoperatively coronoidectomy was unsuccessful, and it was discovered that he had fibrosis and calcification of the sphenomandibular ligament. Release of this band improved his opening, and this has been maintained for 1 year.
Gene flow from transgenic oilseed Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. into weedy Sinapis arvensis L. (wild mustard)
Authors: Warwick Suzanne I. , Martin Sara L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGene flow from acetolactate synthase‐resistant (HR) Brassica juncea oilseed canola to related weed, Sinapis arvensis (density 1 plant/m2) was assessed in a 100 m2 field plot of HR B. juncea. Two HR F1 hybrids (H1 and H2) were detected among 109 951 seedlings screened with imazethapyr (hybridization frequency – 1.8 × 10−5). Hybridity was confirmed using flow cytometry, B. juncea‐specific amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) markers, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and PCR‐based detection of B. juncea's HR gene. H1 and H2 had 2n = 27 and 2n = 45 chromosomes, corresponding 3x (SrAB) and 5x (SrAABB) genomic structures and reduced male fertility, 3.2 and 16.6% pollen viability, respectively. H1 was self‐incompatible, whereas H2 set seed when selfed (B. juncea trait). Selfed F2, F3 and F4 plants showed HR trait persistence and vigorous growth and high (80–100%) pollen fertility in 22% and 39% of the F2 and F3 plants, respectively. No progeny were obtained from F1, F2 or F3 hybrids × S. arvensis backcrosses, suggesting the likelihood of introgression of traits is low to negligible.
Identification and characterization of a novel porcine endothelial cell‐specific Tie1 promoter
Authors: Chen Tao , Wang Jiaqiang , Xue Binghua , Kong Qingran , Liu Zhonghua , Yu Bo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe use of a transgenic pig for xenotransplantation and as a cardiovascular disease model has caught much attention in the past decades. The vascular endothelial cell is the primary modification target for the application of genetically modified pigs in this field. However, the powerful porcine endothelial cell‐specific promoter is still so rare that the mouse and human promoters are commonly used. In the study, the porcine Tie1 (sTie1) promoter was identified and characterized as a potential endothelial cell‐specific promoter to generate a cardiovascular disease model.MethodsTie1 promoters with different lengths of 5′‐regulatory regions were cloned, and major putative DNA‐binding motifs were mutated by site‐directed mutagenesis. All fragments were ligated into the luciferase reporter system and were transiently transfected into endothelial cells to identify luciferase activity using a dual luciferase reporter assay.ResultsThe luciferase activities of sTie1 promoters with different lengths of the 5′‐regulatory region were tested. Results showed that the luciferase activity of the 1234‐bp sTie1 fragment was the strongest compared with that of others (P < 0.001). Site‐directed mutagenesis in transcription‐factor‐binding sites, including Ets, GATA, and AP2, verified their key roles in regulating transcription, especially sites Ets (‐103), GATA (‐211), and AP2 (‐3). The activities of Tie1 promoters from pig, human, and mouse were significantly different in pig iliac endothelial cells (PIECs) (P < 0.001), and the sTie1 promoter showed the highest activity. Moreover, sTie1 promoter activity could be detected in porcine embryo fibroblasts and skeletal muscle cells.ConclusionsThe sTie1 promoter shows a highly conserved sequence compared with the Tie1 promoters in human and mouse, but it has a greater activity in the porcine endothelial cell line than that of human and mouse promoters. Thus, sTie1 will be a valuable tool for generating a pig cardiovascular disease model.