bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cirsium arvense differs from Tussilago farfara in regrowth from intact and fragmented below‐ground systems
Authors: Boström U. , Brandsæter L. O. , Andersson L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFast regrowth from deep roots and rhizomes makes it difficult to mechanically control the perennials Cirsium arvense and Tussilago farfara respectively. It is, however, not clear whether new shoots originate mainly from fragments of roots/rhizomes in upper soil layers or from an intact system below depth of soil cultivation. Here we present results from three experiments with natural infestations of C. arvense, and two with both C. arvense and T. farfara. Plots of 1 m2 were excavated to different depths (13–25 cm), all below‐ground plant parts in the topsoil were collected and thereafter fragments were either returned to or removed from the plots. Regrowth from disturbed plots with removed or returned fragments was compared. The origin of regrown shoots, that is, whether they originated from seeds, intact below‐ground root/rhizome systems or returned fragments, was examined. More C. arvense shoots originated from the intact root system (48%–84%) than from root fragments (16%–52%). The final aboveground biomass was not affected by removal of the top‐soil fragments. For T. farfara, a small proportion (3%) of new shoots originated from the intact rhizome system, and the rest from fragments. We conclude that the intact root system of C. arvense contributes at least as much as root fragments to regrowth after soil cultivation, which might imply that time of treatment and depth of cultivation are crucial for the effect of mechanical control. For T. farfara, the results suggest that tillage equipment with high capacity to fragment the rhizome system will contribute to efficient control.
Resilient Self-Triggered Model Predictive Control of Cyber-Physical Systems Under Two-Channel False Data Injection Attacks
Authors: Chen Yi , Li Yuxiang , He Ning , Cheng Fuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a novel resilient self-triggered model predictive control (ST-MPC) method to alleviate potential threats of false data injection (FDI) attacks on cyber-physical systems (CPSs). First, considering that the data transmitted via the sensor-to-controller (S–C) and controller-to-actuator (C–A) channels in CPS may be tampered with by FDI attacks, a novel input reconstruction strategy combined with the ST-MPC mechanism is proposed to alleviate the threats of FDI attacks while reducing the computational and communication resources, in which key optimal control signals are selected and protected based on systematic performance inequalities. Correspondingly, a resilient ST-MPC algorithm combined with the dual-mode strategy is further proposed. Moreover, the iterative feasibility and the closed-loop stability are strictly demonstrated. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified via a simulation study.
Radial Deflection of Ring-Stiffened Cylinders Under Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Reijmers Jack J. , Stapersma Douwe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ring-stiffened cylinders under hydrostatic pressure have been analyzed for more than a century. The contribution of Salerno and Pulos in the fifties of the previous century can be considered as a standard that nowadays still can be found in the rules and guidelines of classification societies. Their work comprises stresses and deformation in a perfectly circular cylindrical shell with ring frames, and solutions are presented midbay between the frames and at frame position. It is remarkable that the formula for the radial deflection midbay is much simpler than the one for frame position. This brief note shows a significant simplification of the latter one.
Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Over the Primary Motor Cortex and Cerebellum Improves Balance and Shooting Accuracy in Elite Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Zhang Na , Nitsche Michael A. , Miao Yu , Xiong Zheng , Vicario Carmelo Mario , Qi Fengxue 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) and cerebellum on balance control and shooting accuracy in elite ice hockey players. Methods: Twenty-one elite ice hockey players underwent anodal tDCS over the M1 (a-tDCSM1), anodal tDCS over the cerebellum (a-tDCSCB), concurrent dual-site anodal tDCS over the M1 and the cerebellum (a-tDCSM1+CB), and sham stimulation (tDCSSHAM). Before and after receiving tDCS (2 mA for 15 min), participants completed an ice hockey shooting-accuracy test, Pro-Kin balance test (includes stance test and proprioceptive assessment), and Y-balance test in randomized order. Results: For static balance performance, the ellipse area in the 2-legged stance with eyes open and the 1-legged stance with the dominant leg significantly improved following a-tDCSM1, a-tDCSCB, and concurrent dual-site a-tDCSM1+CB, compared with tDCSSHAM (all P < .05, Cohen d = 0.64–1.06). In dynamic balance performance, the average trace error of the proprioceptive assessment and the composite score of the Y-balance test with the dominant leg significantly improved following a-tDCSM1 and concurrent dual-site a-tDCSM1+CB (all P < .05, Cohen d = 0.77–1.00). For the ice hockey shooting-accuracy test, shooting-accuracy while standing on the unstable platform significantly increased following a-tDCSM1 (P = .010, Cohen d = 0.81) and a-tDCSCB (P = .010, Cohen d = 0.92) compared with tDCSSHAM. Conclusion: tDCS could potentially be a valuable tool in enhancing static and dynamic balance and shooting accuracy on unstable platforms in elite ice hockey players.
Attitudes Toward Implicit Bias Among Athletic Trainers
Authors: Cage S. Andrew , Decker Meredith , Vela Luzita , Scott Ramonica , Gonzalez Cristina 
Published: August 2024

Implicit biases are attitudes, emotions, or stereotypes that occur in an unconscious manner and have the potential to negatively affect behaviors, actions, and decisions. Recent studies have suggested that even when certain factors are controlled for, health care workers do not provide equitable care to patients from different demographics. When patients are not receiving equitable health care, there is a potential for disparities in patient-related outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine attitudes toward implicit bias among athletic trainers. A secondary purpose of this study was to assess differences and correlations between attitudes toward implicit bias and demographic factors including age, years of experience, gender identity, sexual orientation, and race. Participants were recruited for this study by emailing athletic trainers from publicly available staff directories at institutions of higher education and high schools, and athletic training education program directors. The survey consisted of questions gathering demographic information and questions taken from the Attitudes Toward Implicit Bias Instrument. A total of 218 athletic trainers (age = 38 [11] y, years of certified experience = 14 [11] y) opened and completed the survey. On average, participants scored 71.0 [11.2] on the Attitudes Toward Implicit Bias Instrument. This mean score indicated that the average participant felt that implicit bias had the potential to negatively impact patient care and needed to be addressed through education. There was a significant, negligible negative correlation between age and attitudes toward implicit bias (r[216] = −.157, P = .02). Examining implicit bias among athletic trainers warrants further research to understand how implicit bias can negatively affect access to equitable health care opportunities. The development of high-quality interventions for identifying and addressing implicit bias is crucial to ensuring optimal patient outcomes in athletic training and all medical settings.
Recovery Is Similar Between Black and White College Athletes Following Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: Jones Taneisha M. , Rosenblum Daniel J. , Donahue Catherine C. , Resch Jacob E. 
Published: August 2024

Context: Racial identity may associate with clinical outcomes following sport-related concussion (SRC). This study compared clinical outcome scores before and after recovery from a SRC between Black or White college athletes. Design: Prospective cohort. Methods: Participants were self-reported White (n = 61, 18.5 [1.1] y of age) and Black (n = 24, 18.3 [1.1] y of age) NCAA Division 1 college athletes. The revised Head Injury Scale (HIS-r), the Immediate Postconcussion and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) battery, and the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) at baseline (T1), upon symptom resolution (T2) following a diagnosed SRC, and upon establishing a new baseline assessment (T3). Race was collected from paper and electronic medical records. The revised Head Injury Scale total symptom severity, ImPACT’s Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Visual Motor Speed (VMS), and Reaction Time, and the SOT Equilibrium Score, were compared between groups at each time point. Multivariate analyses of variance (2 [group] × 3 [time]) were used to compare revised Head Injury Scale, ImPACT, and SOT outcome scores. Post hoc analyses consisted of independent and paired sample t tests. Results: A significant main effect for time (λ = 0.66, F2,82 = 21.55, P < .001, ) was observed for the SOT. White athletes significantly improved on the Equilibrium Score between all time points (all P < .006). Similarly, Black athletes significantly improved on the Equilibrium Score between T1–T2 and T1–T3 (all P < .001). A significant main effect of time was observed for ImPACT’s Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, and VMS outcome scores (all P < .001). VMS improved for White athletes between T1–T2 (P = .02) and T3 (P = .006). Black athletes had improved VMS scores between T1–T3 (P = .015) and T2–T3 (P = .005). A between-group difference was observed for VMS at T2 (P = .004). Conclusions: There was 1 small and not clinically significant difference between groups for the VMS score at T2. Overall, groups performed consistently or improved upon their baseline balance, cognition, and symptom outcome scores at clinically relevant time points following a SRC.
Effects of an 8-Week Corrective Dance Exercises Intervention on Thoracic Hyperkyphosis, Scapular Position, Respiratory Function, and Happiness in Girls Aged 10–12 Years
Authors: Kouchi Donya , Sahebozamani Mansour , Daneshjoo Abdolhamid , Amatachaya Sugalya , Alimoradi Mohammad , Iranmanesh Mojtaba 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study examined the impact of an 8-week corrective dance intervention on thoracic hyperkyphosis, scapular position, breathing, and happiness in girls aged 10–12 years. Methods: Sixty participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental (EX) or control (CO) group. The intervention involved rhythmic and corrective movements conducted 3 times a week. Measurements were taken before and after the intervention for thoracic hyperkyphosis angle, scapular position, lung function, and happiness levels. Results: EX showed greater improvements (P = .001) than CO for the decrement of thoracic hyperkyphosis angle (48.20–42.80°) than in CO (47.66°–46.59°), and scapular position improved more (P = .003) in EX (1.48°–1.20°) than in CO (1.44°–1.42°). Forced vital capacity (P = .001) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (P = .001) significantly increased in EX (FVC: 2.65–3.40 L; FEV1: 2.32–2.74 L), while they remained stable in CO. Happiness levels significantly improved (P = .001) in EX (42.20–49.79) and slightly decreased in CO (41.80–40.15). Conclusions: The 8-week dance program improved posture, scapular position, breathing, and happiness in girls aged 10–12 years. It enhances physical health, emotional well-being, and social skills in children and adolescents.
The Development of Fast, Fit, and Fatigue Resistant Youth Field and Court Sport Athletes: A Narrative Review
Authors: Eisenmann Joey C. , Hettler Jason , Till Kevin 
Published: August 2024

Humans are fascinated by the bipedal locomotor capacities at both ends of the athletic spectrum—sprinting speed and endurance. Some of the more popular field (eg, soccer, rugby, and lacrosse) and court (eg, basketball, tennis, and netball) sports utilize mixed energy systems requiring an interplay of both maximal sprinting speed (MSS) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) to meet the high-intensity running demands of varying frequency, duration, intensity, and recovery. Recently, these locomotor capacities have been considered in combination to produce what is called the anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) as part of the locomotor profile concept (MSS, MAS, and ASR). The purpose of this narrative review is to (1) provide an overview of the locomotor profile concept; (2) review the assessment methods for estimating MSS, MAS, and ASR; (3) examine the age-, sex-, and maturity-associated variations in MSS, MAS, and ASR; (4) examine the trainability of MSS, MAS, and ASR in youth athletes; and (5) conclude with the practical applications using principles of long-term athlete development for training the locomotor profile in youth field and court sport athletes. Based on the available data in young male athletes, MSS, MAS, and ASR generally increase with age and across maturity groups and are trainable. Overall, decisions on training need to consider the sport demands, current fitness and maturity status, and targeted training adaptation sought.
Concussion Reporting and Racial Stereotypes: ESPN’s Role in Shaping Public Perception About Athletes of Color
Authors: St. Amant Niya 
Published: August 2024

In the 2022 National Football League (NFL) season, Miami Dolphins’ quarterback, Tua Tagovailoa, received two concussions in 5 days and was taken off the field on a stretcher. The media framing around Tagovailoa’s concussions was focused on the flaws in the NFL concussion policy and the poor decision making of the neurotrauma consultant. However, no mention of Tagovailoa’s race was mentioned despite historical racist practices regarding concussions in football for racialized athletes. Given the media’s role in the framing of concussions and the perpetuation of racial stereotypes, I conducted a content analysis to explore ESPN media articles dedicated to concussion stories during the 2022 NFL season. Ultimately, this paper concludes that through subtle but pervasive frames, the writers at ESPN continue to perpetuate racial stereotypes that construct racialized athletes as physiologically superior, intellectually inept, and criminally dangerous.
A new type of carboxysomal carbonic anhydrase in sulfur chemolithoautotrophs from alkaline environments
Authors: Wieschollek Jana , Fuller Daniella , Gahramanova Arin , Millen Terrence , Mislay Ashianna J. , Payne Ren R. , Walsh Daniel P. , Zhao YuXuan , Carney Madilyn , Cross Jaden , Kashem John , Korde Ruchi , Lacy Christine , Lyons Noah , Mason Tori , Torres-Betancourt Kayla , Trapnell Tyler , Dennison Clare L. , Chaput Dale , Scott Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Autotrophic bacteria are able to fix CO
2
in a great diversity of habitats, even though this dissolved gas is relatively scarce at neutral pH and above. As many of these bacteria rely on CO
2
fixation by ribulose 1,5-bisphospate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) for biomass generation, they must compensate for the catalytical constraints of this enzyme with CO
2
-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). CCMs consist of CO
2
and HCO
3
−
transporters and carboxysomes. Carboxysomes encapsulate RubisCO and carbonic anhydrase (CA) within a protein shell and are essential for the operation of a CCM in autotrophic
Bacteria
that use the Calvin-Benson-Basham cycle. Members of the genus
Thiomicrospira
lack genes homologous to those encoding previously described CA, and prior to this work, the mechanism of function for their carboxysomes was unclear. In this paper, we provide evidence that a member of the recently discovered iota family of carbonic anhydrase enzymes (ιCA) plays a role in CO
2
fixation by carboxysomes from members of
Thiomicrospira
and potentially other
Bacteria
. Carboxysome enrichments from
Thiomicrospira pelophila
and
Thiomicrospira aerophila
were found to have CA activity and contain ιCA, which is encoded in their carboxysome loci. When the gene encoding ιCA was interrupted in
T. pelophila
, cells could no longer grow under low-CO
2
conditions, and CA activity was no longer detectable in their carboxysomes. When
T. pelophila
ιCA was expressed in a strain of
Escherichia coli
lacking native CA activity, this strain recovered an ability to grow under low CO
2
conditions, and CA activity was present in crude cell extracts prepared from this strain.

IMPORTANCE

Here, we provide evidence that iota carbonic anhydrase (ιCA) plays a role in CO
2
fixation by some organisms with CO
2
-concentrating mechanisms; this is the first time that ιCA has been detected in carboxysomes. While ιCA genes have been previously described in other members of bacteria, this is the first description of a physiological role for this type of carbonic anhydrase in this domain. Given its distribution in alkaliphilic autotrophic bacteria, ιCA may provide an advantage to organisms growing at high pH values and could be helpful for engineering autotrophic organisms to synthesize compounds of industrial interest under alkaline conditions.
Effect of Anisotropy on Residual Stress Measurement of 316L Stainless Steel by Ultrasonic Surface Wave
Authors: Chu Zhaojie , Li Chenggang , Liu Jianjun , Zhang Jianguo , Chen Dabing , Wang Lun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Fe–Cr alloys are widely used in power, petroleum, and manufacturing industries for their good resistance to corrosion and oxidation at high temperatures. Ultrasound is the only nondestructive method so far to measure the residual stress of in-service components. However, for parts with material anisotropy, such as materials processed by rolling, the measurement accuracy is highly restrained. In this paper, a rolled 316L stainless steel sample is used to study the influence of texture on the measurement of residual stress by ultrasonic surface wave. The experimental results show that the propagation velocity of surface waves in the sample has anisotropic characteristics. The wave velocity parallel to the rolling direction (0°) is the maximum, and the wave velocity perpendicular to the rolling direction (90°) is the minimum, thereby affecting the measurement accuracy. It is found that reducing the frequency of surface waves can reduce the influence of anisotropy. Therefore, a low-frequency method and modified formula are used to improve the measurement accuracy. The maximum error in the rolling direction is reduced from 21.3 to 3.6 MPa, and the maximum relative error is also reduced from 45.4 to 9.0%. The modified formula can further reduce the influence of anisotropy, with the maximum error value further reduced to 2.3 MPa, the maximum relative error reduced to 4.9%, and the surface wave detection accuracy effectively improved.
Neuropsychological outcomes of patients with haematological malignancies undergoing chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: protocol for a prospective study
Authors: Kuznetsova Valeriya , Oza Harsh , Rosenfeld Hannah , Sales Carmela , van der Linde Samantha , Roos Izanne , Roberts Stefanie , D’Aprano Fiore , Loi Samantha M , Dowling Mark , Dickinson Michael , Kalincik Tomas , Harrison Simon J , Anderson Mary Ann , Malpas Charles B 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionImmune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is a common side-effect of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, with symptoms ranging from mild to occasionally life-threatening. The neurological, cognitive, psychiatric and psychosocial sequelae of ICANS are diverse and not well defined, posing a challenge for diagnosis and management. The recovery trajectory of the syndrome is uncertain. Patients are rarely examined in this population pretherapy, adding a layer of complexity to specifying symptoms pertinent solely to CAR-T treatment. We present a protocol of a prospective longitudinal research study of adult patients in a single Australian haematology service undergoing CAR-T therapy. The study will describe neurocognitive features specific to ICANS, characterise the underlying syndrome, capture recovery, identify predictors of differential postinfusion outcomes and determine a set of cognitive instruments necessary to monitor patients acutely.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective longitudinal study that comprises neuropsychological and neurological examinations occurring prior to CAR-T, during the acute post-treatment period, 28 days, 6 months and 12 months post infusion. Data will be sourced from objective psychometric measures, clinical examinations, self-report questionnaires of psychopathology and accounts of subjective cognitive complaint.Ethics and disseminationThis study aims to guide diagnosis, management and monitoring of neurocognitive features of CAR-T cell therapy. Results of this study will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at scientific conferences. All procedures involving human subjects/patients were approved by the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Human Research Ethics Committee (21/145).
Cost-effectiveness of adjuvant icotinib versus chemotherapy for patients with stage II–IIIA EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer in China
Authors: Mu Lifeng , Liu Fulin , Fang Yulan , He Mei , Yang Ming 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveIcotinib has been approved for adjuvant treatment of stage II–IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in China, yet the long-term costs and outcomes of this strategy are unknown. Thus, we examined the cost effectiveness of adjuvant icotinib, compared with adjuvant chemotherapy, for the treatment of resected stage II–IIIA EGFR-mutated NSCLC.DesignWe performed a cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system, comparing 2-year adjuvant icotinib with four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. Costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were estimated using a Markov model. Model inputs were obtained from local data and literature. The influence of model parameters and assumptions was explored in sensitivity analyses. All costs are expressed in 2022 US dollars, and costs and QALYs were discounted at a rate of 5% per year. The willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was set at three times the per capita gross domestic product.SettingThe Chinese healthcare system perspective.ParticipantsA hypothetical Chinese cohort of patients with resected stage II–IIIA EGFR-mutated NSCLC.InterventionsIcotinib versus chemotherapy.Primary outcome measureCosts, QALYs, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.ResultsThe incremental cost per QALY gained with the use of 2-year icotinib, from the Chinese healthcare system perspective, was $3440.66 compared with adjuvant chemotherapy. At a WTP threshold of $40 500, adjuvant icotinib was the optimal treatment in over 99% of replications. The interpretation of the results was insensitive to model and input assumptions.ConclusionsCompared with adjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant icotinib may be a cost-effective treatment for resected stage II–IIIA EGFR-mutated NSCLC as the WTP threshold is set at $40 500 per QALY.