bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resisting Roman Imperialism in Britannia
Authors: Grint Keith 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The revolt of the Iceni tribe against the Romans has long held a fascinating place in British history. This chapter explains the cause and consequence of the revolt and sets it against the familiar Roman penchant for effective logistics and command culture. Boudica may have embodied extraordinary leadership skills in rousing the collective against their oppressors, but that was never sufficient to defeat Rome. Moreover, the place of Boudica in the narrative has proved to be a lodestar for the cultural proclivities of the day, and especially when her gender threatened the patriarchal mores of both Roman and then British culture. It ends with questions about the way the British establishment, including Churchill, warned against supporting indigenous resistance when a ‘superior’ culture had already imposed a more ‘civilized’ society—just as the British Empire began to unravel.
The 1888 Matchworkers’ Strike and the Beginnings of New Unionism
Authors: Grint Keith 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Matchworkers’ Strike of 1888 marks the beginnings of so-called New Unionism, that is the recruitment to general (unskilled) trade unions rather than the skilled trade unions that had hitherto dominated British industrial relations. Despite the claims of many observers and writers since, the resistance of the matchworkers (almost all of whom were women and girls) was organized by them in response to increasingly exploitative and coercive controls by the Bryan and May owners. And whatever the newspapers, employers, and government of the day may have suggested, they were not in thrall to left-wing politicians. The successful resistance not only achieved the removal of onerous conditions at work but stimulated the growth of New Unions across the rest of industry and marks a landmark of work-based resistance. However, the matchworkers were not at the forefront in the fight to outlaw dangerous work practices that led to phossy jaw; that was down to intrepid journalists, which points to the diversity of resistance practices possible.
Class and Gender Resistance in the British Post Office
Authors: Grint Keith 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
If the matchworkers hovered at the lower end of the labour market in terms of rewards and conditions, post office workers inhabited the opposite world, where permanent work, pensions and decent wages prevailed, at least for the adult male employees. But this was not always the case and some of the success of the men was at the expense of the women. This chapter traces the origins of those developments and focuses upon the resistance emanating from the male-dominated trade unions, especially during the interwar period. That, in conjunction with a notoriously effective disciplinary system, as well as a conservative management and political leadership, ensured that the struggle for women’s equality was less dependent upon women themselves, and more on a labour market that considered the costs of labour more than it was concerned with the rights of women and eventually forced men in management and trade unions to acquiesce to demands for equality.
Dutch Resistance to the Germans
Authors: Grint Keith 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the role of the Dutch Resistance. Two issues inhibited their utility right from the start: the geography of the country—flat and unforested—meant hiding large groups of resisters was much more difficult than in France, and second, the Special Operations Executive (SOE) was infiltrated by the Germans, right from the outset. Despite this, the Dutch were the only group to protest about the initial transport of Jews yet suffered the highest loss of Jews across Europe. Much of this was related to the political splits within the Dutch that witnessed a significant support for national socialism; indeed, the Germans assumed the Dutch occupation would be peaceful given their alleged cultural affinity to the Germans. In fact, the Dutch also generated an array of resistance groups who organized escape lines for Jews and downed Allied air crew and hid those seeking to avoid the Germans. Several small groups also focused on the assassination of high ranking Germans and Dutch collaborators. With many Dutch men transported to Germany, many of the most efficient operatives were women, and many of those hiding Jews and escapees were also women. After the war the retributions inflicted on the collaborators were initially brutal but many of those deemed to have helped the occupiers remained free, partly because it was difficult to discern who was guilty, but also because the Dutch government, like those of all the occupied countries, wanted to portray their citizens are upright heroes, not complicit collaborators.
Military Patriarchy
Authors: Grint Keith 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter follows the attempt by women in the Second World War to fly for the British Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA), the organization that ferried Royal Air Force (RAF) aircraft from factories to maintenance units and to RAF stations. It reveals how the conjunction of a group of dedicated women pilots, with an increasingly dire military situation in the UK, forced the patriarchal and misogynist establishment to change its policies, and how women went from ferrying simple training aircraft to the most complex four-engined bombers in the space of the war. At every step there were political roadblocks thrown in their way, but each was dismantled, and, in turn, that led to the acquisition of equal pay for women pilots—a trailblazing achievement that set the post-war equality movement on its way. Despite this the post-war era saw the dismantling of ATA and with it the return of patriarchal control over British skies, at least in the short run.
The Inflation of Rank and Privilege
Authors: Dillon John Noël 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The title of this chapter makes reference to a common, disparaging description of the proliferation of honorary titles and corresponding ranks and privileges in the later Roman empire. Rank inflation as a late-antique phenomenon gives occasion for reflection on the dynamics of officeholding and imperial honors, which were set in motion by Constantine and remained vigorous throughout the fourth century. The concept of “rank inflation” is not as simple, however, as one might first assume. In this chapter, I examine it from three perspectives. In the first section, I consider the nature of the inflation customarily attributed to the titles and honors of the fourth century ad and afterward. This seems advisable because there are different kinds of inflation, and if inflation is used as a metaphor to describe the elaboration of ranks and titles, it is important to establish what that metaphor means. The beginnings of the process usually described as the inflation of ranks and titles under Emperor Constantine occupy the second section. Obviously, if the value of the ranks and titles conferred by the emperor underwent “inflation,” this will have defeated the emperor’s purpose.
Ostentatious Legislation
Authors: Schmidt-Hofner Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The years 364–365 occupy a unique place in the history of late Roman legislation. Each of these years yields around eighty imperial constitutiones (the type of legal enactment carrying general force that was collected in the Theodosian and Justinianic Codes); this is more than four times the average of approximately seventeen constitutions per year in the fourth and fifth centuries and still considerably more than the fifty to sixty laws extant from the next-best documented years covered by the Theodosian Code. The numbers are all the more impressive in view of the fact that the laws are almost entirely Valentinian’s; his co-emperor Valens’ legislation is almost totally lost. This outburst of legislative activity demands an explanation. To be sure, it is notoriously difficult to draw historical conclusions from the number of extant laws per year: the transmission of late Roman legislation is largely deficient, much having already been lost when the Theodosian Code was compiled in the 430s.
Health, Well-being, and Popular Music in Africa
Authors: McConnell Bonnie B. , Ceesay Hassoum , Darboe Buba , Gaye Malick , Glover Vivette , Huma Hajara B. , Sanfilippo Katie Rose M. , Stewart Lauren 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the role of popular music in health communication in Africa, a topic that has received attention from scholars across a range of disciplines, including ethnomusicology, popular music studies, anthropology, and public health. The authors provide a critical overview of significant themes in the literature, including the challenges and benefits of entertainment education approaches, the politicization of health knowledge, celebrity role models, and illness-related stigma. The chapter examines the CHIME project in the Gambia, which employed an interdisciplinary partnership approach to address maternal mental health awareness through popular music. It shows that popular songs offer insight into local perspectives and experiences of health and illness, as well as tools for promoting mental well-being.
Musical Artivism and Social Media in the Bolsonaro Era
Authors: Reily Suzel Ana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter investigates musical artivism among musicians, most of whom are amateurs, from various parts of Brazil, who, in response to the rise of the Far Right and Bolsanismo, began to produce carnival marches, or marchinhas, lampooning Bolsonaro and his followers, which they posted to social media. Marchinhas have historically been seen as arenas for the expression of social critique through humorous song lyrics, and double meanings. After samba became the primary rhythm to accompany carnival in Brazil, however, marchinhas became somewhat forgotten. Since the 2000s, street carnival, spearheaded by blocos carnavalescos (organized street carnival associations), the marchinha has made a majestic comeback, many following the tradition of targeting politicians and public policies. Following conversations with various marchinha composers, particularly those with social media profiles, the chapter addresses their understandings of their activities and its effectiveness as a political tool.
The Managerial Prerogative and Variation of the Employment Contract
Authors: Riley Munton Joellen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The concept of ‘managerial prerogative’ captures the assumption embedded in employment law that the employer is entitled to direct employees in the manner of performance of work. This prerogative explains the employee’s implied duty of obedience to ‘lawful and reasonable’ orders. The prerogative is, however, constrained by common law doctrine and, in more recent times, by statutory constraints, such as human rights and discrimination laws. This chapter examines the extent of the prerogative and the consequences of an employer overreaching the prerogative and thereby being found to have proposed a variation to the employee’s original employment contract. The chapter includes discussion of the role played by human resources policies and codes of conduct in asserting managerial prerogative, and the (potential) constraint imposed by the mutual obligation of trust and confidence in the employment relationship.
Decolonizing the Right to Strike
Authors: Máximo Flávia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter intends to unveil the coloniality in strikes’ juridification, given that labour law has always considered Eurocentric labour sociality as the world’s ‘typical work’. Namely, the right to strike has never reflected the ‘global south’ working-class’ forms of living, becoming a resistance to only very specific ways of working, those in which the industrial capital relation is centred. To clarify these assumptions in this chapter, Section 1 covers, by looking at the past, the connection between coloniality and the illegality of ‘other forms of collective action’, especially those exercised by ‘non-white’ people and women from the ‘global south’. Section 2, by living in the present, covers recent collective actions from the ‘global south’ that attack colonial aspects still present in the right to strike. Finally, Section 3, speculating about another future, questions whether the most adequate legal protection for collective actions, from a decolonial perspective, can be found in labour law.
American and British Women Philosophers in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Moland Lydia , Stone Alison 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The aim of The Oxford Handbook of American and British Women Philosophers in the Nineteenth Century is to disrupt the widespread impression that there were no women philosophers in this period. Building on feminist histories of philosophy that cover other time periods, it traces the history of writing and publishing in the nineteenth century, showing that circumstances were more hospitable to women authors during this time than is often assumed. It outlines the many genres in which women philosophized and describes the professionalization and specialization that began to exclude women later in the century. It discusses the ways in which race and class affected women’s philosophizing, outlines the aims of the handbook, and concludes by listing women whose work merits further research. Finally, it reminds us that studying women is both a matter of justice and makes for better philosophy. If we assume there are no women philosophers in the nineteenth century, we will not look for them; if we do not look for them, they will remain obscure, limiting our understanding of what philosophy is and can be.
The Americas and International Asylum Law (1888–1954)
Authors: Blumenthal Edward 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the origins and codification of international asylum law in the Americas before World War II. The importance of exile to internal and international politics in Latin America led to attention from jurists, diplomats, and political thinkers in the region, who sought to define the rules and practice of asylum, while the United States was largely absent from this process. This led to its early codification in the International Penal Law treaty (1889), decades before European countries started developing international refugee law in the interwar period. From its origins, asylum law shared a concern for both protecting refugees and controlling their political activities so they would not represent a threat to social order. While it offered generous protection to political opponents who fled abroad—both elite leaders and the popular actors who fought in civil conflicts—as well as including diplomatic asylum—rejected in Europe—it was unable to confront Nazi racial persecution in the 1930s.
Abstract 9: No Evidence of Mycoplasma or Ureaplasma Contamination of Cord Blood Units Collected from at Term Mothers
Authors: Chugh Vidushi , Herrity Kieran , Harvala Heli 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Pre-cryopreservation microbial culture testing in widely utilised throughout the international cord blood banking industry to provide an element of safety assurance. Cord blood unit (CBU) samples are typically subjected to manual growth-based culture techniques or automated microbial detection based on the colorimetric detection of CO2 (Ramirez-Arcos., 2015). However, these techniques do not allow detection of certain slow-growing intracellular microorganisms such as mycoplasma or ureaplasma species.

Objectives
The primary objective was to ascertain whether mycoplasma and ureaplasma contamination was present in banked cord blood units. Previous studies have noted the importance of atypical pathogens in cord samples and transplant recipients. For example, Ureaplasma urealyticum and/or Mycoplasma hominis were present in around 20% of cord blood cultures (Goldenberg et al., 2008). The severe nature of these infections has also been recently demonstrated in immunocompromised, especially in both adults and children with haematologic malignancies or hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplant (Smith et al., 2019).

Methods
Multiplex qPCR for Ureaplasma (U.Lyticum and U.Parvum) and Mycoplasma (M.Hominis and M.Genitalium) was employed for screening (Morris et al., 2020). DNA extractions were obtained from 200 whole cord blood units, which were not used clinically and hence stored at the NHS Cord Blood Bank, Filton, United Kingdom. The same screening tests were also applied to paired total human DNA extracts that were stored as residual material left over after unit associated HLA typing.

Results
No evidence of mycoplasma or ureaplasma contamination of banked CBUs was found.

Discussion
This study provides a reassuring lack of evidence that CBU’s at the NHS Cord Blood Bank are potentially contaminated with mycoplasma or ureaplasma. This is consistent with the finding that cord blood units are collected from babies born at or after 35 weeks, whereas most ureaplasma and mycoplasma infections have been linked to pre-term delivery. As a result, the banks adventitious agent testing mitigation strategies remain unchanged.
Abstract 20: National Cord Blood Network Training Tool to Optimize Cord Blood Unit (CBU) Selection
Authors: Davis Eric , Rapoport Candice , Archer Anne , Finney Marcie , Barker Juliet , Scaradavou Andromachi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Transplant Center (TC) proficiency and comfort with CBU search and graft selection is an ongoing challenge despite evidence-based ASTCT CBU selection guidelines (Politikos et al, BBMT 2020). This can compromise utilization of CB as a stem cell source.

Objectives
To optimize searches and high-quality graft selection, the National Cord Blood Network created a comprehensive training module with stepwise instructions for CBU search, selection and graft acquisition using the ASTCT guidelines and NMDP’s MatchSource® application. This module will be shared with Network members in webinar format and can be utilized for individualized search coordinator training.

Methods
Experienced search coordinators transformed the ASTCT guideline into a user-friendly step-wise guide of the CBU search process incorporating MatchSource® functions (e.g., Antibody Specificity Risk Assessment; Allele Reveal) and adding diagrams, screenshots, prompts, and helpful tips. The approach of creating a customized list of potential units for each patient is demonstrated including how CBU not meeting pre-determined quality criteria can be “filtered-out”. Experienced CB physicians provided concise graft selection recommendations for various patient groups (e.g., high-risk leukemias, non-malignant diseases, very urgent transplants) consistent with national guidelines.

Results
To maximize efficiency, we divided the process as follows:
• Search Coordinator Review: systematic collection of all suitable CBU in MatchSource®, after setting lower limits for TNC/CD34 cell doses, HLA-allele level match, cryopreservation volume and year of collection;
• CB Physician Review: a shorter list of CBU that meet pre-determined quality criteria, including information on HLA-allele mismatches, Donor Specific Antibodies, licensure, Bank of origin and previously performed confirmatory HLA typing;
• Final Graft and Back-up Selection: graft decision after reviewing the detailed characteristics of the final potential CBU list.

Discussion
This tool aids the selection of high-quality CB grafts and thereby could facilitate improved CB transplant outcomes. Our next step is to create a consortium of Network search coordinators and disseminate the tool nationally. Additionally, to assess the benefits of training for coordinators without extensive experience, metrics on search efficiency and “ease” of graft selection will be evaluated.
Abstract 22: Autologous Cord Blood vs Personalised Supplements for Autistic Spectrum Disease – CORDUS Study
Authors: Stancioiu Felician , Bogdan Raluca , Dumitrescu Radu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Cord blood (CB) administered intravenously for Autistic Spectrum Disease (ASD), has so far yielded mixed results, likely due to the diversity of ASD pathophysiology and the different characteristics of CB; also, a possible bias in evaluations – due to both temporal fluctuations in child’s behaviour and differences between various psychometric scales.

Objectives
The CORDUS Clinical Study is a crossover study in which autologous CB was administered intravenously to 56 ASD children between 2019 and 2023, and compared CB efficacy versus a personalised combination of supplements (PCS). Based on age and body weight (BW), children were divided in two groups: Group 1 (n=28), children less than 8 yo and 35 kg BW, and group 2 (n=28), kids more than 8 yo and 35 kg BW.

Methods
Treatment efficacy was evaluated pre- and post- treatments at 1-12 months by an independent psychotherapist with ATEC, Q-CHAT and a 16-item comparative table score, after interviews with both the children’s parents and therapists. An inflammatory panel, Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and other blood tests, also CD34+, CD45+ CD 133+, CD271+ cell surface markers from CB were performed.

Results
There were no serious adverse reactions after administration of CB or PCS; temporary agitation was the most common side effect. NSE was elevated in more than 95% of ASD kids. CB was more efficacious in Group 1 (n=28; 78.57% - improved scores), but much less effective in Group 2 (n=28; 10% of children improved scores). In group 1, PCS was more efficacious than CB in 5 cases out of 28, while in 23 kids CB was better than PCS; 6 kids had minor or no improvement. Statistically significant improvements were seen after CB on ATEC total scores, verbalization and social interaction, but not on irritability or aggressive behaviour; ample differences were noted between children. Improvement after CB was correlated negatively weakly with percentages from TNC of CD34+ and CD271+, and positively with the ratio CD34+/CD271.

Discussion
NSE alongside inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, GFAP, NFkB, etc), or markers related to the ASD pathology or the CB qualities may select the ASD children most likely to benefit from CB. More clinical studies are needed.