bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crossing the Pwanmwou: preliminary report on recent excavations adjacent to and south west of Mangaasi, Efate, Vanuatu
Authors: Bedford Stuart , Spriggs Matthew 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFrom 1996–1999 a joint Australian National University–Vanuatu National Museum research and training program has been carried out at the site of Mangaasi, originally made famous through the pioneering research of José Garanger. The results of this research have led to a major reassessment of the Central Vanuatu ceramic sequence proposed by Garanger. In 1999 excavation commenced at an area known as Arapus which is located across the Pwanmwou Creek, immediately south west of Mangaasi. This paper focuses on this most recent season of research. It has revealed extensive settlement remains including an earlier phase not previously identified at Mangaasi which dates to around 2900 bp. The pottery from this earlier phase is characterised by plain globular cooking pots now named the Arapus style. It would appear to be the domestic cooking component of a Lapita assemblage. The results of the 1999 excavations have further confirmed the evolutionary nature of the ceramic sequences on Efate i.e. Lapita and Arapus to Erueti to Mangaasi.
The pattern of Lapita settlement in Fiji
Authors: Clark Geoffrey , Anderson Atholl 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAt continental and oceanic geographic scales radiocarbon chronologies are important for calibrating the expansion of prehistoric populations, and understanding the type of dispersal process. In Fiji where the colonisation phase was relatively brief — within two standard deviations of most C14 dates — there are significant differences between Lapita sites and material culture suites. To investigate this variability three models of intra‐archipelagic dispersal are reviewed against four categories of archaeological data to examine the pattern of settlement in the scattered Fiji Islands. Initial colonisation was probably restricted to west Fiji and may represent an inter‐archipelago hiatus in Lapita expansion eastward. East Fiji was settled later during a second phase of systematic colonisation that centered on Lakeba and took in the small non‐continental islands of the Lau Group.
Lapita on the Periphery. New data on old problems in the Kingdom of Tonga
Authors: Burley David V. , Dickinson William R. , Barton Andrew , Shutler Richard 
Published: November 2014

AbstractArchaeological research in the Kingdom of Tonga over the past four decades illustrates a widespread distribution of Lapita coloniser sites throughout the archipelago. A 1999 re‐excavation and assessment of the Nukuleka (To 2) and Ha'ateiho (To 5) sites on Fanga 'Uta Lagoon on the southern island of Tongatapu, as well as survey of the Lapita‐age paleoshoreline of the lagoon, provide new insights on old problems relating to first human settlement. The Tongatapu results are compared to Lapita site data recovered from the Ha'apai island group between 1995 and 1997. Inferences subsequently are made on the broader issues of Tongan chronology, settlement progression, material culture technologies, settlement pattern and economy.
Voyaging and basalt exchange in the Phoenix and Line archipelagoes: the viewpoint from three mystery islands
Authors: Piazza Anne Di , Pearthree Erik 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we present evidence of long distance interaction through geochemical sourcing of basalt artifacts for some of the 'mystery islands' in the Phoenix and Line groups. We demonstrate that they were far from isolated, but in contact with Samoa, the Marquesas and perhaps the southern Cooks during the mid 12th to the mid 14th centuries. We also investigate how sailing strategies may have affected patterns of interaction through a review of other cases of inter‐archipelago contact based on WD‐XRF data. We conclude that the weather patterns around Tataga Matau in the western Pacific allow interaction from any direction at some point of the year, while in the eastern Pacific access to the quarry sources (Eiao, Pitcairn) is more restricted due to the less predictable westerlies.
Explaining the prehistory of ceramic technology on Waya Island, Fiji
Authors: Cochrane Ethan E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis preliminary analysis of ceramic technological change on Waya Island, Fiji documents the variation present over three thousand years of innovation, interaction, and change. Hypotheses relating the observed variation in sherd thickness, tempering practices, and vessel type diversity are proposed. These hypotheses may be tested through experimental and other analyses that are briefly described here. Finally, these hypotheses and their tests are structured by the universal evolutionary mechanisms of cultural transmission, adaptation and natural selection, and innovation and thus have implications for not only Wayan prehistory, but all of the Pacific.
Prehistoric Settlement at Anaho Bay, Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands: preliminary observations
Authors: Allen Melinda S. , Addison David 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAnaho Bay on the northwest coast of Nuku Hiva Island, Marquesas is a deep well‐protected bay that is distinguished by its sizeable coral reef. A small number of test excavations were carried out at two localities. We identified an extensive buried cultural layer along the northern shore at Teavau'ua (AHO‐1), dated to ca. the mid‐15th century AD. Activities here included production of pearlshell fishhooks and basalt adzes, as well as more generalised domestic functions. We also identified short‐term occupations dating to post‐1650, and possibly earlier, at the more southern locality of Teonepoto (AHO‐2).
Old boundaries and new horizons: the Weipa shell mounds reconsidered
Authors: Morrison Michael 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper develops an alternative interpretation of shell mound phenomena at Albatross Bay, near Weipa on the west coast of Cape York Peninsula. Past researchers have interpreted these distinct mounded middens as functional edifices, constructed to enable small family groups to camp closer to resources during the late wet season. Here I propose that the mounds at Weipa were associated with relatively large groups of people intensively exploiting the shellfish Anadara granosa. This argument is based on a range of factors, including the biological characteristics of Anadara, a species that makes up over 90% of the composition of shell mounds, as well as archaeological and ethnographic evidence.
The archaeology of No man's land: Indigenous camps at Corindi Beach, mid‐north coast New South Wales
Authors: Smith Anita , Beck Wendy 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAt Corindi Beach on the mid‐north coast of New South Wales are five twentieth century campsites located on the fringes of the township, beside the town racecourse, an area called by local Aboriginal people ‘No man's land‘. These campsites are important symbols of the self‐sufficient lifestyle followed by the Corindi Beach Indigenous community in the twentieth century and are a physical reminder of cross‐cultural relationships between local people over the last hundred years. In a collaborative research project with Yarrawarra Aboriginal Corporation, these places are being documented through studying oral history, the cultural landscape and the material culture left behind at these places. We have found although there are rich oral stories of Indigenous life at the camps, material evidence at the sites is limited. When read as part of the cultural landscape this evidence presents a specific kind of archaeological signature that may be generalised for fringe‐dweller camps elsewhere. The documentation of this landscape represents a first step towards a better understanding of the hidden history of these places and towards re‐assessing their heritage significance.
Maori and European landscapes at Te Puna, Bay of Islands, New Zealand, 1805–1850
Authors: Middleton Angela 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn early nineteenth century New Zealand the arrival of missionaries and whalers initiated two different kinds of European relationships with indigenous Maori, which impacted on the indigenous landscape. This paper examines the details of Maori and European interaction at Te Puna, in the Bay of Islands, northern New Zealand. At Te Puna there is evidence for Maori agricultural intensification and fortification, and early European missionary villages, deserted by the mid‐nineteenth century.My methods combine historical archaeology and an anthropological approach to history to re‐examine the landscape, inhabitants, and events of early nineteenth century cultural interaction through an analysis of the archaeological record and historic accounts and images. Cultural landscapes are examined in regard to key themes: Maori concepts of mana and tapu, evidence for cultivation, and European and Maori perceptions of the colonial era at this place.
Archaeological evidence for mid‐Holocene agriculture in the interior of Papua New Guinea: a critical review
Authors: Denham Tim 
Published: November 2014

AbstractClaims for the early and independent origins of agriculture in New Guinea partially rest on the archaeological evidence for mid‐Holocene drainage and land use at five sites in the interior. The five sites are Kuk, Kana, Mugumamp and Warrawau in the Wahgi Valley and Ruti Flats in the Lower Jimi Valley, all in Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. The archaeological remains, morphological comparisons and chronological correlations at each site are critically evaluated. Problems with the constitution of the mid‐Holocene remains are raised, with claims for agricultural remains at two sites, Kana and Ruti Flats, considered questionable on the available, published evidence. The archaeological remains at Kuk, Mugumamp and Warrawau consist of palaeosurfaces interpreted to represent prehistoric cultivation using mounds.
In the shadows of Kuk: evidence for prehistoric agriculture at Kana, Wahgi Valley, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Muke John , Mandui Herman 
Published: November 2014

AbstractArchaeological survey with limited excavation at the Kana site revealed evidence of prehistoric agricultural practices in the form of ditches and other cut features on an abandoned river terrace of the Minj River. Based on the stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating, the features have been cross‐correlated to Phases 2, 3, 4 and 5 at Kuk Swamp, in the Upper Wahgi Valley. Peter Matthews identified exocarp fragments and seeds of a gourd collected from the fill of a ditch to be wax gourd (Benincasa hispida). The gourd exocarp fragments were radiocarbon dated to 2450 ± 200 BP (ANU 9487).
Radiocarbon dates from the Ulong site in Palau and implications for Western Micronesian prehistory
Authors: Clark Geoffrey 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRecent excavations on Ulong Island in Palau recovered an early pottery assemblage that has not been recorded previously in the archipelago. Four AMS results on charcoal fragments and carbonised residues adhering to pot sherds ranged from 3150 ± 90 BP to 4330 ± 90 BP, and were consistent with palaeoenvironmental work which suggests that human arrival in western Micronesia might have occurred as early as 4500 BP. Redating of the Ulong samples that gave the earliest results put occupation instead around 3000–2650 BP, and an error during laboratory processing of the oldest AMS samples is suspected. Revision of the Ulong dates invites reconsideration of other archaeological radiocarbon ages from western Micronesia where convincing evidence for occupation deposits older than c. 3300 cal BP has yet to be obtained.
Prehistoric introduction and extinction of animals in Mangareva, Southeast Polynesia
Authors: Green R. C. , Weisler Marshall I. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDespite images of paradise, eastern Polynesian islands were devoid of most economically‐useful animals and cultigens when colonised by humans about 1500 years ago; other views on chronology are more conservative. We analyse the faunal material from the 1959 excavations by Green in Mangareva, southeast Polynesia where 13,598 bones (NISP) were identified to nearest taxon. We discuss the significance of the purposely introduced chicken or Pacific Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus), dog (Canis familiaris) and pig (Sus scrofa) not known from the historic records of that island group as well as the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) and human dental and skeletal material. The dog remains now represent the most eastern limit of this species known prehistorically for Oceania. Many of the pig remains were associated with amarae(religious edifice) confirming the importance of this animal in its ceremonies. The majority of fractured human bones and teeth were recovered from midden contexts, thus alluding to the possibility of cannibalism as reported in late prehistoric oral traditions. We suggest that rats, and not human predation, were responsible for the early local extinction of the chicken in the prehistoric sequence for Mangareva.
Excavations at a Chinese Fish Curing Site near Port Albert, Victoria
Authors: Bowen Alister 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFrom approximately 1850 to 1900, Chinese people played a crucial role in the development of Victoria's fishing industry. This research report uses evidence from the excavation of an 1860s Chinese fish curing site in Victoria's South Gippsland region to discuss the local colonial fishing industry and aspects of the Chinese involvement in it.
Decay characteristics of the eastern Lapita design system
Authors: Clark Geoffrey , Murray Tim 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe examine the Lapita colonization of east Fiji from the frequency of pottery designs. The design frequency analysis suggests that east Fiji was settled by Lapita groups emanating from west Fiji and Tonga, and long‐distance interaction with archipelagos to the west of Fiji was inconsequential during the terminal Lapita phase when east Fiji, Tonga and Samoa were colonized. The results have important implications for understanding Lapita colonization elsewhere, particularly the extent to which migrant communities interacted and expressed identity in the varied physical and social environments encountered during dispersal.
Alternative interpretations of structural evidence at Rakaia River Mouth, New Zealand
Authors: Anderson Atholl 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPostholes and other features at Rakaia River Mouth, New Zealand, are interpreted by Jacomb (2005) as remains of a large house and associated structures. This is plausible, but on the same evidence storage structures can be inferred. Alternative interpretations emphasize problems in defining Archaic houses. My interpretation of the Rakaia River Mouth evidence suggests, however, a full Archaic domestic unit might be exposed by extending excavations to the west.
Synthesis of P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) copolymers containing high molar fraction of 3‐hydroxyhexanoate monomer by Cupriavidus eutrophusB10646
Authors: Volova Tatiana G , Syrvacheva Daria A , Zhila Natalia O , Sukovatiy Aleksey G 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDP(3HB‐co‐3HHx) copolymers are very promising biomaterials. The main challenge in the production of these polymers is to simultaneously achieve high cell biomass; high P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) content; and high molar fraction of 3HHx in P(3HB‐co‐3HHx). The most common approach to production of these copolymers is the use of recombinant bacterial strains. The purpose of this study was to optimize the process of production of P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) copolymers containing high molar fractions of 3HHx by using the wild‐type strain Cupriavidus eutrophus B10646.RESULTSKinetic properties of C. eutrophus B10646 were studied during cultivation of the cells on substrates necessary for P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) synthesis: glucose, nitrogen, sodium hexanoate, and sodium acrylate. The physiological ranges of their effects were determined experimentally, and C. eutrophus B10646 was grown in culture media with different dosages of these substrates. P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) copolymers with different molar fractions of 3HHx, including high ones (12 to 68%), were synthesized, and their physicochemical and mechanical properties were investigated.CONCLUSIONFor the first time, cultivation conditions of Cupriavidus eutrophus B10646 enabled production of high biomass yields (5–6 g L‐1) and high content of the polymer (60–75%) that contained high 3HHx molar fraction. By varying the 3HB/3HHx ratio, one can change physicochemical and mechanical properties of P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) copolymers. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Geographical provenancing of purple grape juices from different farming systems by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry using supervised statistical techniques
Authors: Granato Daniel , Koot Alex , van Ruth Saskia M 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDOrganic, biodynamic and conventional purple grape juices (PGJ; n = 79) produced in Brazil and Europe were characterized by volatile organic compounds (m/z 20–160) measured by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS), and classification models were built using supervised statistical techniques.RESULTSk‐Nearest neighbours and soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) models discriminated adequately the Brazilian from European PGJ (overall efficiency of 81% and 87%, respectively). Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) classified 100% European and 96% Brazilian PGJ. Similarly, when samples were grouped as either conventional or organic/biodynamic, the PLSDA model classified 81% conventional and 83% organic/biodynamic juices. Intraregional PLSDA models (juices produced in the same region – either Europe or Brazil) were developed and were deemed accurate in discriminating Brazilian organic from conventional PGJ (81% efficiency), as well as European conventional from organic/biodynamic PGJ (94% efficiency).CONCLUSIONSPGJ from Brazil and Europe, as well as conventional and organic/biodynamic PGJ, were distinguished with high efficiency, but no statistical model was able to differentiate organic and biodynamic grape juices. These data support the hypothesis that no clear distinction between organic and biodynamic grape juices can be made with respect to volatile organic compounds. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous determination of florfenicol with its metabolite based on modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample pretreatment and evaluation of their degradation behavior in agricultural soils
Authors: Xu Mingfei , Qian Mingrong , Zhang Hu , Ma Junwei , Wang Jianmei , Wu Huizhen 
Published: November 2014

A simple and simultaneous method for the determination of florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine in agricultural soils using modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample pretreatment and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry is presented. Florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine residues in agricultural soils were extracted with alkalized acetonitrile and an aliquot was cleaned up with Si(CH2)3NH (CH2)2NH2 and C18 sorbent, which were powder materials. High‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was applied to simultaneously determine the level of florfenicol and florfenicol amine in agricultural soils. Excellent linearity was achieved for florfenicol and florfenicol amine over a range of concentrations from 0.1–500 μg/L with coefficients more than 0.99. Average recoveries at four different levels (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 mg/kg) for florfenicol and florfenicol amine ranged from 73.6–94.9% with relative standard deviations of 2.9–12.5%. The limits of detection for florfenicol and florfenicol amine in agricultural soils were 2.0 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification were 6.0 μg/kg. Based on this method, the degradation behavior of florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine in three soils (Nanchang, Hangzhou, and Changchun) under sterilized and native conditions was investigated and the transformation rate of florfenicol amine from florfenicol was evaluated.
Non‐invasive prenatal diagnostic testing for β‐thalassaemia using cell‐free fetal DNA and next generation sequencing
Authors: Xiong Li , Barrett Angela N. , Hua Rui , Tan Tuan Zea , Ho Sherry Sze Yee , Chan Jerry K. Y. , Zhong Mei , Choolani Mahesh 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo develop an accurate non‐invasive prenatal test using next generation sequencing (NGS) for HbE and the four most common β‐thalassaemia mutations found in South East Asia (namely −28A > G, CD17A > T, CD41/42(−TTCT) and IVS‐II‐654C > T).MethodsCell‐free DNA was extracted from maternal plasma from 83 families where both parents were carriers of the HbE mutation or one of four common β‐thalassaemia mutations. Overlapping PCR amplicons covering each mutation were generated, pooled and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq. Fastq files were analysed to detect inheritance of the paternal mutation.ResultsIn two cases where the fathers were compound heterozygotes for HbE and −28A > G, the fetus was correctly diagnosed as having inherited one of the paternal mutations. In 35/85 cases, the paternal mutation was not detected, and in 50/85 cases, it was classified as inherited. Overall sensitivity for detection of paternal mutations was 100% (95% CI: 92.4–100%), and specificity was 92.1% (95% CI: 79.2–97.3%).ConclusionWe demonstrated that detection of paternal mutations using NGS can be readily achieved with high sensitivity and specificity, removing the need for an invasive test in 50% of pregnancies at risk of a thalassaemia in cases where the father and mother carry a different mutation. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanocomposites of epoxy resin with graphene nanoplates and exfoliated graphite: Synthesis and electrical properties
Authors: Dabrowska Agnieszka , Bellucci Stefano , Cataldo Antonino , Micciulla Federico , Huczko Andrzej 
Published: November 2014

Nanocomposites are nowadays one of the most promising materials. Among different fillers, e.g. carbon nanotubes and silicon carbide nanowires (NWSiC), already used with epoxy resin matrices, graphene exfoliated graphite (EG) and graphene nanoplates have some characteristics that make them unique for electromagnetic shielding materials. However, there is still an unresolved problem of proper dispersion that will ensure the homogeneity of samples. To overcome this drawback, inorganic fibres were proposed. An amount of 0.25 phr (parts per hundred; filler content presented as wt.% of the whole polymeric matrix) NWSiC, added to the EG 1 phr/epoxy resin sample, efficiently prevents filler agglomeration. NWSiC were obtained in combustion synthesis and EG was produced from intercalated graphite using microwaves. Finally, nanocomposites with EG from self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis were also tested. The properties of the samples have been characterized, revealing an observable improvement of pure resin features.Raw products of combustion synthesis of Si/polytetra‐fluoroethylene (PTFE) stoichiometric mixture, carried out in the larger of the presented reactors.