bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing Programme Science approaches to understand gaps in HIV prevention programme coverage for key populations in 12 Nigerian states: findings from the 2020 Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey
Authors: McClarty Leigh M. , Green Kalada , Leung Stella , Ejeckam Chukwuebuka , Adesina Adediran , Shaw Souradet Y. , Neufeld Bronwyn , Isac Shajy , Emmanuel Faran , Blanchard James F. , Aliyu Gambo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionEffective HIV prevention programme coverage is necessary to achieve Nigeria's goal of ending the epidemic by 2030. Recent evidence highlights gaps in service coverage and utilization across the country. The Effective Programme Coverage framework is a Programme Science tool to optimize a programme's population‐level impact by examining gaps in programme coverage using data generated through programme‐embedded research and learning. We apply the framework using Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey (IBBSS) data from Nigeria to examine coverage of four prevention interventions—condoms, HIV testing, and needle and syringe programmes (NSP)—among four key population groups—female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID) and transgender people.MethodsData from Nigeria's 2020 IBBSS, implemented in 12 states, were analysed to examine HIV prevention programme coverage among key populations. For each key population group and prevention intervention of interest, weighted IBBSS data were used to retrospectively generate coverage cascades that identify and quantify coverage gaps. Required coverage targets were informed by targets articulated in Nigeria's National HIV/AIDS Strategic Framework or, in their absence, by guidelines from policy normative bodies. Availability‐, outreach‐ and utilization coverage proxy indicators were defined using variables from IBBSS data collection tools. Sankey diagrams are presented to visualize pathways followed by participants between coverage cascade steps.ResultsRequired coverage targets were missed for HIV testing and NSP among all key population groups. Condom availability coverage surpassed required coverage targets among FSW and MSM, while utilization coverage only among FSW exceeded the 90% required coverage target. Outreach coverage was low for all key population groups, falling below all required coverage targets.ConclusionsOur findings identify critical gaps in HIV prevention programme coverage for key populations in Nigeria and demonstrate non‐linear movement across coverage cascades, signalling the need for innovative solutions to optimize coverage of prevention services. Programme‐embedded research is required to better understand how key population groups in Nigeria access and use different HIV prevention services so that programmes, policies and resource allocation decisions can be optimized to achieve effective programme coverage and population‐level impact.
Infant growth and tolerance with a formula based on novel native demineralized whey: A randomized double‐blind pilot study
Authors: Pinon Anthony , Trentesaux Claire , Chaffaut Camille , Lemaire Marion , Parere Xavier , Lecerf Jean‐Michel , Schnebelen‐Berthier Coralie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effects on infant growth and tolerance of a Test infant formula based on a novel whey extraction and demineralization process, compared to a Standard formula and a breastfed reference arm.MethodsHealthy term infants (n = 61) aged up to 21 days were randomized to Test or Control formula. A breastfed group (n = 39) served as a reference. Growth, tolerance, adverse events, and sleep were evaluated every month until 6 months of age. Plasma amino‐acid concentrations at 3 months of age were measured in a subgroup population.ResultsGrowth curves of all infants globally agreed with World Health Organization standards across the 6‐month period study. Regarding tolerance, no difference between the formula‐fed groups was observed on daily number of crying episodes, intensity or time to onset of regurgitations, and stool frequency or consistency, except at 5 months with infants in the Control group having more watery stools. Plasma concentration of some amino acids differed between the groups, especially tryptophan concentration which was higher in infants fed with the Test formula. In parallel, total sleep duration was longer in these infants at 2, 3, and 5 months of age, corresponding to an increase in daytime sleep.ConclusionsTest formula supported an adequate infant growth from birth to 6 months of age and was well‐tolerated by all infants. An increase in total sleep at several months was also observed with the Test formula.
Expanding our food supply: underutilized resources and resilient processing technologies
Authors: Knorr Dietrich , Augustin Mary Ann 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany underutilized food resources have been traditionally used by regional and poor communities. The history of their consumption makes them potential new food sources for incorporation into the wider food supply. The ability to tap the potential of undervalued and underutilized food sources will reduce the world's reliance on a limited number of food sources and improve food security and sustainability. The expansion of the food diversity of the food supply to include underutilized food resources will require overcoming challenges in the efficient and profitable production of the raw material, application of suitable postharvest handling procedures to maintain the quality of perishable produce, and the use of appropriate traditional and emerging food processing technologies for conversion of the raw material into safe, nutritious and consumer‐acceptable foods. Improvement of food processing technologies, particularly resource‐efficient resilient food processes, are required to ensure the safety, quality and functionality of the whole food or extracts, and to develop ingredient formulations containing new foods for manufacture of consumer food products. Factors that help facilitate the social acceptance of new underutilized foods include increasing consumer knowledge and understanding of the contribution of new underutilized food resources to diet diversity for good nutrition, confidence in the safety and value of new foods, and their low environmental impact and importance for future sustainable food. The introduction of new underutilized food resources will increasingly require collaboration along the whole food value chain, including support from government and industry. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficient standardization of clinical T2‐weighted images: Phase‐conjugacy e‐CAMP with projected gradient descent
Authors: Zhang Horace Z. , Elsaid Nahla M. H. , Sun Heng , Tagare Hemant D. , Galiana Gigi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo standardize T‐weighted images from clinical Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) scans by generating corresponding T maps with the goal of removing scanner‐ and/or protocol‐specific heterogeneity.MethodsThe T map is estimated by minimizing an objective function containing a data fidelity term in a Virtual Conjugate Coils (VCC) framework, where the signal evolution model is expressed as a linear constraint. The objective function is minimized by Projected Gradient Descent (PGD).ResultsThe algorithm achieves accuracy comparable to methods with customized sampling schemes for accelerated T mapping. The results are insensitive to the tunable parameters, and the relaxed background phase prior produces better T maps compared to the strict real‐value enforcement. It is worth noting that the algorithm works well with challenging Tw‐TSE data using typical clinical parameters. The observed normalized root mean square error ranges from 6.8% to 12.3% over grey and white matter, a clinically common level of quantitative map error.ConclusionThe novel methodological development creates an efficient algorithm that allows for T map generated from TSE data with typical clinical parameters, such as high resolution, long echo train length, and low echo spacing. Reconstruction of T maps from TSE data with typical clinical parameters has not been previously reported.
Flexural reinforcement of wood plastic composite panels by bonding glass fiber reinforced polymer sheets and embedding bars
Authors: Wang Kun , Xu Xinyue , Huo Ruili , Fang Hai , Chen Xiaoxu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWood plastic composite (WPC) is a kind of eco‐friendly material made of agricultural and forest industry waste and residues compounded with thermoplastic. The defects of traditional WPC, such as low strength and high creep, greatly limit its engineering applications. To solve the problem, this paper proposed two methods of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforced PVC‐based WPC panels (G‐WPC) by bonding GFRP sheets or embedding GFRP bars in the tensile zone of the WPC panels. The effects of the thickness of GFRP sheet and reinforcement ratio of GFRP bar on the flexural property of G‐WPC were comparatively analyzed by carrying out four‐point bending tests and finite element simulations. The results showed that the failure modes of the GFRP sheets reinforced specimens were mainly flexural fracture and interface debonding, and the GFRP bars reinforced specimens were flexural fracture and excessive deformation. The ultimate flexural bearing capacity of both GFRP sheets/bars reinforced specimens could be improved by more than 200%. GFRP bar reinforced specimens had better ductility than reinforced with sheet. The effects of WPC density, GFRP sheet fiber layup angle and GFRP bar diameter on the flexural behavior of G‐WPC were further parametrically analyzed using the finite element model (FEM).Highlights
Two effective flexural reinforcement methods of WPC were proposed.
The optimum thickness of GFRP sheet was obtained based on experimental tests.
The suitable reinforcement ratio of GFRP bars was studied by tests and FEM.
Effects of WPC density, GFRP fiber layup angle and bar diameter were analyzed.
Effects of different post‐harvest processing methods on changes in the active ingredients of licorice based on LC‐MS and plant metabolomics
Authors: Sun Xiaoxu , Song Zhongxing , Tang Zhishu , Yu Jingao , Fan Xiuhe , Yang Yuangui , Yuan Shuhui , Chen Qiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionLicorice, the dried roots and rhizomes of the Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., holds a prominent status in various formulations within the realm of Chinese medicinal practices. The traditional processing methods of licorice hinder quality assurance, thus prompting Chinese medicine researchers to focus on the fresh processing methods to enhancing processing efficiency and quality.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the differential compounds of licorice between traditional and fresh processing methods and provide a scientific basis for the fresh processing of licorice and for further research on the processing mechanism.MethodologyA methodology integrating ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry combined with multivariate statistical analysis was employed to characterize the differential compounds present in licorice between traditional processing and fresh processing.ResultsThe results derived from principal component analysis and heat map analyses underscored significant differences in the content of bioactive compounds between the two processing methods. By applying conditions of VIP > 1.5 and p < 0.05, a total of 38 differential compounds were identified through t tests, and the transformation mechanisms of select compounds were illustrated.ConclusionThe adoption of fresh processing techniques not only improved processing efficiency but also significantly enhanced the preservation of bioactive compounds within licorice. This research has established a rapid and efficient analytical method for the identification of differential compounds present in differently processed licorice products.
Integrated Pharmacognostic and Computational Analysis of Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. Phytochemicals as a Potential HER2 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Breast Cancer
Authors: Bellai Anjini , Deka Satyendra , Tag Hui , Bhattacharya Kunal , Kalita Hui Pallabi 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBreast cancer ranks as a leading cause of mortality, primarily affecting females. With the reported side effects of conventional anticancer drugs, herbal sources have emerged as an effective alternative for the treatment of various severe diseases like cancer. Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. (H. javanica) is a perennial herb belonging to Araliaceae family. This study explored the ethnobotanical use of H. javanica, its pharmacognosy, antioxidant, and phytochemical characterization using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry tool, and molecular docking against breast cancer receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER2). The study revealed morphological, microscopic diagnostic features, and physicochemical properties of H. javanica. Methanolic extract of H. javanica (MEHJ) displayed dose‐dependent antioxidant activities. LC–MS analysis characterized metabolites of flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenoid, and triterpenoid saponin. Phytochemicals including chlorogenic acid, astragalin, and hyperoside, displayed the most favorable binding affinity with HER2 during molecular docking. These phytochemicals also possessed significant drug‐likeness characteristics. Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulation demonstrated stable interaction between these phytochemicals and HER2, suggesting a potential inhibitor of HER2, a crucial target in breast cancer treatment. Therefore, the present study offers an opportunity for further research and development of anticancer drugs derived from H. javanica.
Structure‐based design of a Plasmodium vivax Duffy‐binding protein immunogen focuses the antibody response to functional epitopes
Authors: Dickey Thayne H. , McAleese Holly , Salinas Nichole D. , Lambert Lynn E. , Tolia Niraj H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Duffy‐binding protein (DBP) is a promising antigen for a malaria vaccine that would protect against clinical symptoms caused by Plasmodium vivax infection. Region II of DBP (DBP‐II) contains the receptor‐binding domain that engages host red blood cells, but DBP‐II vaccines elicit many non‐neutralizing antibodies that bind distal to the receptor‐binding surface. Here, we engineered a truncated DBP‐II immunogen that focuses the immune response to the receptor‐binding surface. This immunogen contains the receptor‐binding subdomain S1S2 and lacks the immunodominant subdomain S3. Structure‐based computational design of S1S2 identified combinatorial amino acid changes that stabilized the isolated S1S2 without perturbing neutralizing epitopes. This immunogen elicited DBP‐II‐specific antibodies in immunized mice that were significantly enriched for blocking activity compared to the native DBP‐II antigen. This generalizable design process successfully stabilized an integral core fragment of a protein and focused the immune response to desired epitopes to create a promising new antigen for malaria vaccine development.
Improving global temperature datasets to better account for non‐uniform warming
Authors: Calvert Bruce T. T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo estimate changes in global mean surface temperature (GMST), one must infer past temperatures for regions of the planet that lacked observations. While current global instrumental temperature datasets (GITDs) estimate different rates of warming for different regions of the planet, this non‐uniform warming is often modelled as residuals relative to underlying trends of spatially uniform warming. To better account for spatial non‐uniform trends in warming, a new GITD was created that used maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) to combine the land surface air temperature (LSAT) anomalies of non‐infilled HadCRUT5 with the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of HadSST4. This GITD better accounts for non‐uniform trends in warming in two ways. Firstly, the underlying warming trends in the model are allowed to vary spatially and by the time of year. Secondly, climatological differences between open‐sea and sea ice regions are used to better account for changes in sea ice concentrations (SICs). These improvements increase the estimate of GMST change from the late 19th century (1850–1900) to 2023 by 0.006°C and 0.079°C, respectively. Although, for the latter improvement, tests suggest that there may be an overcorrection by a factor of two and estimates of SICs for the late 19th century are a significant source of unquantified uncertainty. In addition, this new GITD has other improvements compared to the HadCRUT5 Analysis dataset, including correcting for a small underestimation of LSAT warming between 1961 and 1990, taking advantage of temporal correlations of observations, taking advantage of correlations between land and open‐sea observations, and better treatment of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Overall, the median estimate of GMST change from the late 19th century to 2023 is 1.548°C, with a 95% confidence interval of [1.449°C, 1.635°C].
Estimation of the Argentinean Vertical Datum Parameter with Respect to the International Height Reference Frame (IHRF)
Authors: Gómez Agustín R. , Tocho Claudia N. , Antokoletz Ezequiel D. , Guagni Hernán J. , Piñón Diego A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOne of the current goals of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) through its Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) is the unification of the existing local vertical datums towards the realization of the International Height Reference System (IHRS), i.e. the International Height Reference Frame (IHRF). To achieve this goal, one possible solution is to compute the offset between the equipotential surface of the Earth’s gravity field realized by the conventional$$W_0^{\text{IHRF}}$$W0IHRFvalue of the IHRS and the unknown geopotential value of the local vertical datum. This offset is known as vertical datum parameter. In this study, the determination of the vertical datum parameter of the Argentinean National Vertical Reference System 2016 (SRVN16) using two approaches is presented. The first approach is based on the Geodetic Boundary Value Problem (GBVP). The second approach combines geopotential numbers obtained with levelling and gravity with geopotential numbers derived from a quasigeoid model. Both methods require GNSS/Levelling data and a high-precision gravimetric quasigeoid model. The quasigeoid model was computed using the remove-compute-restore technique and applying a Fourier representation of Molodensky’s integral formula. The vertical datum parameter estimation was carried out in a flat area in the Buenos Aires province due to the availability of high-quality gravity observations and benchmarks with GNSS/Levelling-derived height anomalies, all located near the tide gauge station used to define the Argentinean vertical datum. Estimation results with the first and second approach were$$-0.46 \pm 1.78 \text{ m}^2\text{s}^{-2}$$−0.46±1.78m2s−2and$$-0.46 \pm 1.37\ \text{m}^2\text{s}^{-2}$$−0.46±1.37m2s−2, respectively. The vertical datum parameter can be further used to integrate SRVN16 into the IHRF.
Energy Efficiency Optimization of Pumping Stations and Fan Stations
Authors: Yao Fulai , Yao Yaming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany occasions and fields have requirements for transporting liquids and gases, so pumps and fans are widely used in chemical industry, pharmaceuticals, power plants, steel mills, papermaking, oil refining, water conservancy, water supply, drainage and irrigation, sewage, secondary water supply, hospitals, office buildings, shopping malls, hotels, hotels and other occasions. The total electricity consumption of pumps and fans accounts for 30–35% of the world's total electricity consumption.
Commonly Used Energy Parameter Sensors
Authors: Yao Fulai , Yao Yaming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFrom the discussion in Chapter Two, we know that energy-related parameters include: liquid pressure, liquid level, liquid flow, temperature, torque, speed, rotational speed, voltage, current, power, etc. These parameters are measured by sensors, and turned into standard analog signals or digital signals, then output to the energy-saving control system. We will discuss these sensors in this chapter.
A Critical Review of Short Antimicrobial Peptides from Scorpion Venoms, Their Physicochemical Attributes, and Potential for the Development of New Drugs
Authors: Fong-Coronado Pedro Alejandro , Ramirez Verónica , Quintero-Hernández Verónica , Balleza Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractScorpion venoms have proven to be excellent sources of antimicrobial agents. However, although many of them have been functionally characterized, they remain underutilized as pharmacological agents, despite their evident therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss the physicochemical properties of short scorpion venom antimicrobial peptides (ssAMPs). Being generally short (13–25 aa) and amidated, their proven antimicrobial activity is generally explained by parameters such as their net charge, the hydrophobic moment, or the degree of helicity. However, for a complete understanding of their biological activities, also considering the properties of the target membranes is of great relevance. Here, with an extensive analysis of the physicochemical, structural, and thermodynamic parameters associated with these biomolecules, we propose a theoretical framework for the rational design of new antimicrobial drugs. Through a comparison of these physicochemical properties with the bioactivity of ssAMPs in pathogenic bacteria such asStaphylococcus aureusorAcinetobacter baumannii, it is evident that in addition to the net charge, the hydrophobic moment, electrostatic energy, or intrinsic flexibility are determining parameters to understand their performance. Although the correlation between these parameters is very complex, the consensus of our analysis suggests that there is a delicate balance between them and that modifying one affects the rest. Understanding the contribution of lipid composition to their bioactivities is also underestimated, which suggests that for each peptide, there is a physiological context to consider for the rational design of new drugs.Graphical Abstract
Total bilirubin level is associated with acute kidney injury in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care units: based on MIMIC-III database
Authors: Zhou Huan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between total bilirubin and acute kidney injury (AKI) in neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU).

Methods
All data utilized were extracted from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III (MIMIC-III) in this retrospective cohort study. The primary outcome was the occurrence of AKI during hospitalization in the NICU, and the exposure was the initial measurement of total bilirubin levels within 24 h of neonatal admission to the NICU. The relationship between serum total bilirubin and AKI was evaluated by employing univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted based on birth weight, sepsis, and mechanical ventilation.

Results
This retrospective cohort study included a population of 1,726 neonates, and 95 neonates developed AKI. Total bilirubin, as a continuous variable, was linked with decreased AKI risk among neonates admitted to the NICU [odds ratio (OR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64–0.92]. Similarly, when total bilirubin levels were categorized by tertiles, tertiles 3 showed a significant association with decreased AKI risk (OR = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.19–0.83). The relationship of total bilirubin level and AKI was also existent among neonates admitted to the NICU who were underweight, had not sepsis, and received mechanical ventilation.

Conclusion

Total bilirubin level may be a protective factor for the risk of developing AKI.