bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aortic Valve Replacement and Concomitant Right Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Performed via a Right Minithoracotomy Approach
Authors: Mihos Christos G. , Santana Orlando , Pineda Andres M. , La Pietra Angelo , Lamelas Joseph 
Published: July 2014

Objective We present our experience of concomitant right coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and aortic valve replacement performed via a right minithoracotomy in patients with coronary lesions not amenable to percutaneous intervention. Methods A total of 17 patients underwent concomitant aortic valve replacement and right CABG between April 2008 and July 2013.A5-to 6-cm minithoracotomy incision was made over the right second or third intercostal space, and the costochondral cartilage was transected. A saphenous vein bypass to the right coronary artery was then performed, initiating the anastomosis from the toe of the graft. Subsequently, the aortic valve was replaced using standard techniques. Results There were 6 men and 11 women. The median European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II score mortality risk was 5% [interquartile range (IQR), 2%-8%]. The mean (SD) age was 77 (10) years, the left ventricular ejection fraction was 59% (8%), and the New York Heart Association functional class was 2.4 (0.8). One patient had a history of CABG. The mean (SD) cardiopulmonary bypass time was 168 (57) minutes, and the aortic cross-clamp time was 133 (36) minutes. Three patients underwent concomitant mitral valve surgery (replacement, 2; repair, 1). The median intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay were 47 hours (IQR, 24–90) and 9 days (IQR, 5–13), respectively. There was one reoperation for bleeding, and there was one postoperative stroke. All patients were alive at a mean (SD) follow-up of 2 (1.1) years. Conclusions Aortic valve replacement with concomitant CABG performed via a right minithoracotomy approach is feasible.
Prolonged Colonic Manometry in Children With Defecatory Disorders
Authors: Liem O. , Burgers R.E. , Connor F.L. , Benninga M.A. , Mousa H.M. , Di Lorenzo C. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Colonic manometry is a test used in the evaluation of children with defecation disorders unresponsive to conventional treatment. The most commonly reported protocol in pediatrics consists of a study that lasts approximately 4 hours. Given the wide physiological variations in colonic motility throughout the day, longer observation may detect clinically relevant information. The aim of the present study was to compare prolonged colonic manometry studies in children referred for colonic manometry with the more traditional short water‐perfused technology.Methods:Colonic manometry studies of 19 children (8 boys, mean age 9.4 ± 0.9, range 3.9–16.3) with severe defecation disorders were analyzed. First, a “standard test” was performed with at least 1‐hour fasting, 1‐hour postprandial, and 1‐hour postbisacodyl provocation recording. Afterwards, recordings continued until the next day.Results:In 2 of the 19 children, prolonged recording gave us extra information. In 1 patient with functional nonretentive fecal incontinence who demonstrated no abnormalities in the short recording, 2 long clusters of high‐amplitude contractions were noted in the prolonged study, possibly contributing to the fecal incontinence. In another patient evaluated after failing use of antegrade enemas through a cecostomy, short recordings showed colonic activity only in the most proximal part of the colon, whereas the prolonged study showed normal motility over a larger portion of the colon.Conclusions:Prolonged colonic measurement provides more information regarding colonic motor function and allows detection of motor events missed by the standard shorter manometry study.
Analysis of Viral Testing in Nonacetaminophen Pediatric Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Schwarz Kathleen B. , Olio Dominic Dell , Lobritto Steven J. , Lopez M. James , Rodriguez‐Baez Norberto , Yazigi Nada A. , Belle Steven H. , Zhang Song , Squires Robert H. ,   Pediatric Acute Liver Failure Study Group
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTObjective:Viral infections are often suspected to cause pediatric acute liver failure (PALF), but large‐scale studies have not been performed. We analyzed the results of viral testing among nonacetaminophen PALF study participants.Methods:Participants were enrolled in the PALF registry. Diagnostic evaluation and final diagnosis were determined by the site investigator and methods for viral testing by local standard of care. Viruses were classified as either causative viruses (CVs) or associated viruses (AVs). Supplemental testing for CV was performed if not done clinically and serum was available. Final diagnoses included “viral,” “indeterminate,” and “other.”Results:Of 860 participants, 820 had at least 1 test result for a CV or AV. A positive viral test was found in 166/820 (20.2%) participants and distributed among “viral” (66/80 [82.5%]), “indeterminate” (52/420 [12.4%]), and “other” (48/320 [15.0%]) diagnoses. CVs accounted for 81/166 (48.8%) positive tests. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was positive in 39/335 (11.6%) who were tested 26/103 (25.2%) and 13/232 (5.6%) among infants 0 to 6 and >6 months, respectively. HSV was not tested in 61.0% and 53% of the overall cohort and those 0 to 6 months, respectively. Supplemental testing yielded 17 positive, including 5 HSV.Conclusions:Viral testing in PALF occurs frequently but is often incomplete. The evidence for acute viral infection was found in 20.2% of those tested for viruses. HSV is an important viral cause for PALF in all age groups. The etiopathogenic role of CV and AV in PALF requires further investigation.
Transient Neonatal Liver Disease After Maternal Antenatal Intravenous Ig Infusions in Gestational Alloimmune Liver Disease Associated With Neonatal Haemochromatosis
Authors: Baruteau Julien , Heissat Sophie , Broué Pierre , Collardeau‐Frachon Sophie , Bouvier Raymonde , Fabre Monique , Debiec Hannah , Ronco Pierre , Uzan Martine , Narcy Philippe , Cordier Marie‐Pierre , Lachaux Alain , Lamireau Thierry , Elleau Christophe , Filet Jean Philippe , Mitanchez Delphine , Dupuy Marie‐Pierre , Salaün Jean François , Odent Sylvie , Davison James , Debray Dominique , Guigonis Vincent 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Neonatal haemochromatosis is a rare gestational disease that results in severe foetal liver disease with extrahepatic iron overload, sparing the reticuloendothelial system. Recurrence can be prevented with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusions during pregnancy, supporting an alloimmune aetiology. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of antenatal treatment with IVIG infusion on the outcome of pregnancies in women with a history of documented neonatal haemochromatosis likely owing to gestational alloimmune disease and to analyse IVIG tolerance.Methods:From 2004 to 2012, 8 pregnant women were treated with IVIG at 1 g/kg body weight weekly from 18 weeks' gestation until birth in a prospective multicentre study.Results:All 8 neonates born to the treated women survived. Five developed mild neonatal liver disease with hepatomegaly (n = 1), hyperechogenic liver (n = 2), abnormal liver function tests (n = 1), raised serum ferritin (n = 3) and α‐fetoprotein (n = 5) levels, or mild iron overload on liver magnetic resonance imaging (n = 1). Ferritin and α‐fetoprotein levels normalised before 14 days and 2 months, respectively. A per‐mother‐basis analysis comparing outcomes of treated (n = 8) and untreated (n = 9) gestations showed a significant improvement in the survival of neonates with gestational IVIG therapy (survival 8/8 vs 0/9, P < 0.001). Adverse effects of IVIG infusion occurred in 5 mothers leading to discontinuation of treatment in 1 case. Preterm neonates born before 37 weeks' gestation had a decreased risk of neonatal liver disease (P = 0.04).Conclusions:Antenatal treatment with IVIG infusion in women at risk for gestational alloimmune disease recurrence improves the outcome of pregnancies despite mild signs of transient neonatal liver disease.
Bayesian mixture analysis for metagenomic community profiling
Authors: Morfopoulou Sofia , Plagnol Vincent 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDeep sequencing of clinical samples is now an established tool for the detection of infectious pathogens, with direct medical applications. The large amount of data generated provides an opportunity to detect species even at very low levels, provided that computational tools can effectively interpret potentially complex metagenomic mixtures. Data interpretation is complicated by the fact that short sequencing reads can match multiple organisms and by the lack of completeness of existing databases, in particular for viral pathogens. This interpretation problem can be formulated statistically as a mixture model, where the species of origin of each read is missing, but the complete knowledge of all species present in the mixture helps with the individual reads assignment. Several analytical tools have been proposed to approximately solve this computational problem. Here, we show that the use of parallel Monte Carlo Markov chains (MCMC) for the exploration of the species space enables the identification of the set of species most likely to contribute to the mixture. The added accuracy comes at a cost of increased computation time. Our approach is useful for solving complex mixtures involving several related species. We designed our method specifically for the analysis of deep transcriptome sequencing datasets and with a particular focus on viral pathogen detection, but the principles are applicable more generally to all types of metagenomics mixtures. The work is implemented as a user friendly R package, available from CRAN:http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/metaMix.
“Long non-coding RNA discovery inAnopheles gambiaeusing deep RNA sequencing”
Authors: Jenkins Adam M. , Waterhouse Robert M. , Kopin Alan S. , Muskavitch Marc A.T. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are mRNA-like transcripts longer than 200 bp that have no protein-coding potential. lncRNAs have recently been implicated in epigenetic regulation, transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation, and regulation of genomic stability in mammals,Caenorhabditis elegans, andDrosophila melanogaster. Using deep RNA sequencing of multipleAnopheles gambiaelife stages, we have identified over 600 novel lncRNAs and more than 200 previously unannotated putative protein-coding genes. The lncRNAs exhibit differential expression profiles across life stages and adult genders. Those lncRNAs that are antisense to known protein-coding genes or are contained within intronic regions of protein-coding genes may mediate transcriptional repression or stabilization of associated mRNAs. lncRNAs exhibit faster rates of sequence evolution across anophelines compared to previously known and newly identified protein-coding genes. This initial description of lncRNAs inAn. gambiaeoffers the first genome-wide insights into long non-coding RNAs in this vector mosquito and defines a novel set of potential targets for the development of vector-based interventions that may curb the human malaria burden in disease-endemic countries.
Rituximab with chemotherapy in children and adolescents with central nervous system and/or bone marrow‐positive Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia: a Children's Oncology Group Report
Authors: Goldman Stanton , Smith Lynette , Galardy Paul , Perkins Sherrie L. , Frazer John Kimble , Sanger Warren , Anderson James R. , Gross Thomas G. , Weinstein Howard , Harrison Lauren , Shiramizu Bruce , Barth Matthew , Cairo Mitchell S. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryChildren and adolescents with Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) and combined central nervous system (CNS) and bone marrow involvement still have a poor prognosis with chemotherapy alone. We therefore investigated in children and adolescents with bone marrow (≥25% blasts) and/or CNS‐positive Burkitt lymphoma the chemoimmunotherapy combination of rituximab (375 mg/m2) and the standard chemotherapy arm of our previously reported French‐American‐British (FAB) Lymphome Malins de Burkitt (LMB) 96 trial. Central pathological and cytogenetic characterization was also performed. There were 40 evaluable patients with Burkitt histology (25 with leukaemia and 15 with CNS disease ± leukaemia). The chemoimmunotherapy regimen was well tolerated. The incidence of grade III/IV mucositis during induction cycles with combined chemotherapy and rituximab was 31% and 26%, respectively. The 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS)/overall survival (OS) was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76–96%) in the entire cohort and 93% (95% CI, 61–99%) in patients with CNS disease. Based on the results of this trial, an international randomized study of FAB/LMB 96 chemotherapy ± rituximab for high‐risk patients is currently under investigation.
The Intersectionality of Postsecondary Pathways: The Case of High School Students with Special Education Needs
Authors: Robson Karen L. , Anisef Paul , Brown Robert S. , Parekh Gillian 
Published: July 2014

Utilisant des données du Toronto District School Board, cette étude examine les parcours postsecondaires des étudiants qui ont besoin de services d’éducation de l'enfance en difficulté. Nous observons les parcours qui mènent au collège ainsi que ceux menant à l'université et nous nous servons de régression logistique multinomiale à plusieurs niveaux afin de situer nos résultats dans le contexte du cycle de vie. Nos résultants démontrent que les étudiants qui ont besoin de services d'éducation de l'enfance en difficulté ont moins de chances d'accepter une offre d'une université mais plus de chances d'accepter une offre d'un collège. Nous analysons un groupe de facteurs connus et bien documentés qui influencent le parcours postsecondaire afin de connaître leur rôle quant au parcours des étudiants qui ont besoin de services d'éducation de l'enfance en difficulté. Nos résultats démontrent que le niveau d'éducation des parents, le revenu du quartier, la race et la filière scolaire ont tous un impact sur le parcours postsecondaire de cette population étudiante.Using data from the Toronto District School Board, we examine the postsecondary pathways of students with special education needs (SEN). We consider both university and college pathways, employing multilevel multinomial logistic regressions, conceptualizing our findings within a life course and intersectionality framework. Our findings reveal that having SEN reduces the likelihood of confirming university, but increases the likelihood of college confirmation. We examine a set of known determinants of postsecondary education (PSE) pathways that were derived from the literature and employ exploratory statistical interactions to examine if the intersection of various traits differentially impacts upon the PSE trajectories of students with SEN. Our findings reveal that parental education, neighborhood wealth, race, and streaming impact on the postsecondary pathways of students with SEN in Toronto.
Social and Political Convergence on Environmental Events: The Roles of Simplicity and Visuality in the BP Oil Spill
Authors: Hoffbauer Andreas , Ramos Howard 
Published: July 2014

Cet article étudie de quelle façon et à quel moment les journaux, les ONG environnementales, les entreprises privées et le gouvernement convergent autour des événements environnementaux. En utilisant les données sur le déversement de pétrole BP en 2010 tirées des journaux aux États‐Unis, au Canada et en Grande‐Bretagne et des communiqués de presses de Greenpeace, du Club Sierra, de Halliburton, de Transocean, d’Exxon/Mobil et les annonce de presse de la secrétaire de presse pour le Maison Blanche, nous étudions la capacité d'un événement à faire converger des actions sociales et politiques. En concevant les événements comme des actants, nous vérifions les arguments tirés des publications sur les mouvements sociaux et sur la définition de l'agenda politique à propos du timing, de la simplicité et de la visualité afin de comprendre comment les acteurs politiques convergent. Nous observons que l'effet de convergence est lié au timing, mais pas à la simplicité ou à la visualité.This paper examines how and when newspapers, environmental nongovernmental organizations, businesses, and the government converge on environmental events. Using data on the 2010 BP Oil Spill from newspaper articles in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, press releases by Greenpeace and Sierra Club, press releases by BP, Halliburton, Transocean, ExxonMobil, and Shell, and press statements by the White House Press Secretary, we examine an event's potential to trigger convergence of social and political action. By treating events as political actants, we examine arguments from the agenda‐setting and social movement literatures on timing, simplicity, and visuality to understand when political actors converge. We find that convergence is related to temporal cycles but not simplicity or visuality.
Assessing Variation in Tolerance in 23 Muslim‐Majority and Western Countries
Authors: Milligan Scott , Andersen Robert , Brym Robert 
Published: July 2014

Scholars disagree over whether Islam hinders the development of liberal democracy in Muslim‐majority countries. We contribute to this debate by assessing the influence of Islam at the individual and national levels on ethnic, racial, and religious tolerance in 23 countries. Our analyses are based on a set of multilevel models fitted to World Values Survey data and national‐level contextual information from various sources. Our findings suggest that people living in Muslim‐majority countries tend to be less tolerant than are those living in Western countries. Although a significant part of this difference is attributable to variation in level of economic development and income inequality, Muslim countries remain less tolerant even after controlling for these factors. On the other hand, controlling for other individual‐level factors, nonpracticing Muslims in Western countries are more tolerant than are all others in both Muslim‐majority and Western countries. This finding challenges common claims about the effects of Islam as a religion on tolerance, suggesting that it is Islamic political regimes—not Islam itself—that pose problems for social tolerance.Les chercheurs ont des opinions divergentes à savoir si l'islam freine le développement d'une démocratie libérale dans les pays à majorité musulmane. Nous contribuons à ce débat en évaluant l'influence de l'islam aux niveaux individuel et national sur la tolérance ethnique, raciale et religieuse dans 23 pays. Nos analyses sont basées sur un ensemble de modèles à plusieurs niveaux ajustés en fonction des données du World Values Survey et de l'information contextuelle au niveau national ayant été obtenue auprès de diverses sources. Nos constatations suggèrent que les personnes vivant dans des pays à majorité musulmane ont tendance à être moins tolérantes que celles vivant dans les pays occidentaux. Bien qu'une grande partie de cette différence soit attribuable à la variation du niveau de développement économique et à l'inégalité de revenu, les pays musulmans demeurent moins tolérants, même après le contrôle de ces facteurs. En revanche, en contrôlant d'autres facteurs au niveau individuel, les musulmans non pratiquants des pays occidentaux sont plus tolérants que tous les autres des pays à majorité musulmane et des pays occidentaux. Cette constatation s'élève contre les allégations communes au sujet des effets de l'islam comme religion sur la tolérance, suggérant que ce sont les régimes politiques islamiques, et non pas l'islam en soi, qui posent des problèmes en ce qui a trait à la tolérance sociale.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Antidepressant‐like Activity of Some 4‐Substituted 1‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)Piperazine Derivatives
Authors: Waszkielewicz Anna M. , Pytka Karolina , Rapacz Anna , Wełna Elżbieta , Jarzyna Monika , Satała Grzegorz , Bojarski Andrzej , Sapa Jacek , Żmudzki Paweł , Filipek Barbara , Marona Henryk 
Published: July 2014

A series of new derivatives of N‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)piperazine have been synthesized for their affinity toward serotonergic receptors and for their potential antidepressant‐like activity. They have been evaluated toward receptors 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT6, and 5‐HT7, as well as in vivo in the tail suspension, locomotor activity, and motor co‐ordination tests. All the tested compounds proved very good affinities toward 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT7 receptors. The most promising compound was 1‐[(2‐chloro‐6‐methylphenoxy)ethoxyethyl]‐4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride, exhibiting affinity toward receptors Ki <1 nm (5‐HT1A) and Ki = 34 nm (5‐HT7). Antidepressant‐like activity (tail suspension test) was observed at 2.5 mg/kg b.w. (mice, i.p.), and the effect was stronger than that observed for imipramine (5 mg/kg b.w.). Sedative activity was observed at ED50 (locomotor test, mice, i.p.) = 17.5 mg/kg b.w. and neurotoxicity was observed at TD50 (rotarod, mice, i.p.) = 53.2 mg/kg b.w.
Highly Stable, Fluorescence‐Labeled Heptapeptides Substituted with a D‐Amino Acid for the Specific Detection of Oxidized Low‐Density Lipoprotein in Plasma
Authors: Sato Akira , Yamanaka Hikaru , Oe Keitaro , Yokoyama Izumi , Yamazaki Yoji , Ebina Keiichi 
Published: July 2014

Probes that can detect oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) in plasma and in atherosclerotic plaques can be useful for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of atherosclerosis. Recently, we have reported that two heptapeptides (Lys‐Trp‐Tyr‐Lys‐Asp‐Gly‐Asp, KP6) coupled to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) through the ε‐amino group of N‐terminus Lys in the absence/presence of 6‐amino‐n‐caproic acid (AC) linker to FITC—(FITC)KP6 and (FITC‐AC)KP6—can be useful as fluorescent probes for the specific detection of ox‐LDL. In this study, to develop the fluorescent peptides with high plasma stability for the specific detection of ox‐LDL, we investigated the interaction of (FITC)KP6 and (FITC‐AC)KP6 substituted with D‐Lys at the N‐terminus—(FITC)dKP6 and (FITC‐AC)dKP6—with ox‐LDL, and the in vitro stability of these peptides in mouse plasma. (FITC)dKP6 and (FITC‐AC)dKP6 bound with high specificity to ox‐LDL in a dose‐dependent manner, and also to ox‐LDL in the mouse plasma. Furthermore, (FITC)dKP6 was more stable than (FITC)KP6 in mouse plasma (102.1% versus 69.0% remained after 1 h). These findings strongly suggest that (FITC)dKP6 and (FITC‐AC)dKP6 may be effective fluorescent probes with higher plasma stability than (FITC)KP6 and (FITC‐AC)KP6 for the specific detection of ox‐LDL.
Challenges in recruiting parents to participate in child welfare research: implications for study design and research practice
Authors: Mirick Rebecca G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough research with hard‐to‐reach populations is necessary to deepen the social work knowledge base and improve services to these groups, recruiting members of hard‐to‐reach populations for research projects is often a challenging process. Frequently, non‐probability sampling is used to obtain participants. However, the difficulties and limitations associated with this process in quantitative research are rarely discussed in depth in the literature. Sampling issues can significantly impact a research project, delaying it, extending it or even causing the premature termination of a project. Challenges to recruitment can limit the type of research that is completed, impact the knowledge base or introduce threats to validity through sampling bias. Using a preliminary quantitative study on parental engagement with child protective services as an illustration for the discussion, the challenges of non‐probability sampling with a hard‐to‐reach population and the implications for research practice are explored and discussed. Implications for future research practice are considered.