bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes toward women managers
Authors: Simmons Aneika L. , Duffy Jo Ann , Alfraih Hamed S. 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine how men's perceptions of power distance (PD) and levels of social dominance orientation (SDO) interact to influence perceptions of women as managers in egalitarian and non‐egalitarian countries.Design/methodology/approachA team of multinational researchers distributed questionnaires composed of previously validated scales measuring SDO, PD and Attitude toward Women as Managers to US and Kuwaiti men in college. The study hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression.FindingsIt was discovered that high levels of SDO in college men was negatively related to a favorable attitude toward women as managers in both the US and Kuwait. It was also found that perceptions of PD moderated the relationship between SDO and attitudes toward women as managers in Kuwait, but not in the USA. In addition, the interaction between PD and SDO was weaker in cultures that are more egalitarian as compared to those considered to be non‐egalitarian. The findings also suggested within‐group variance in terms of PD (i.e. Kuwait).Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, they are the first to empirically support the idea that PD interacts with SDO in influencing attitudes toward women managers in a comparison of countries with different levels of gender egalitarianism.
The sense of place in the new homes of post‐Bam earthquake reconstruction
Authors: Kamani‐Fard Asal , Hamdan Ahmad Mohd , Remaz Ossen Dilshan 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the efforts of the 2003 Bam earthquake survivors and their strategy for coping with home loss. Regarding the key role of the sense of place within the recovery process following the disaster, this paper considers the characteristics of lost settings located in a desert area while searching for the factors that made an impact on householders' perception of newly built houses.Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of the field survey, a group of 186 households were selected by the probability sampling method. Accordingly, the random selection of residents was organized within the three defined zones of the city that had experienced different degrees of building damages. Data were collected using a face‐to‐face communication approach with the target group of owners of self‐built houses.FindingsThe findings indicate that households tend to arrange the new settings on the basis of their perceptions of home place as well as the experience of loss during the quake. It also confirms that owners' participation in housing reconstruction process within setting arrangement has a significant positive impact on their attitude toward newly built homes.Originality/valueDue to the widespread incidence of natural disasters and in the light of the key role of home place in the existence of human beings and their recovery process, the opportunity for local participation in new housing is highlighted as a means to overcome the challenges faced.
Cord blood C‐peptide levels relate to the metabolic profile of women with and without gestational diabetes
Authors: DUBÉ MARIE‐CHRISTINE , MORISSET ANNE‐SOPHIE , TCHERNOF ANDRÉ , WEISNAGEL S. JOHN 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPlasma C‐peptide reflects the insulin‐secretory activity of pancreatic β‐cells which modulates fetal growth. Cord blood C‐peptide levels were measured in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and in women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Forty‐one women underwent a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (18 GDM, 23 NGT). Cord blood C‐peptide (p = 0.09) and glucose levels (p = 0.08) from newborns of GDM women tended to be higher than those from NGT women. In the entire group, cord blood C‐peptide correlated with maternal insulin, fasting C‐peptide, insulin sensitivity, interleukin‐6, weight and body mass index measured at screening (ρ from 0.34 to 0.48, all p < 0.05) and tended to correlate with offspring weight (ρ = 0.28, p = 0.08). Newborns of GDM women tended to have elevated cord blood C‐peptide which correlated with maternal insulin, insulin sensitivity and anthropometric measures at diagnosis and with offspring characteristics. This suggests that insulin‐secretory activity of the newborn is related to maternal metabolic parameters.
Substandard care in delivery‐related asphyxia among term infants: prospective cohort study
Authors: EVERS ANNEMIEKE C. C. , BROUWERS HENS A. A. , NIKKELS PETER G. J. , BOON JANINE , VAN EGMOND‐LINDEN ANNEKE , GROENENDAAL FLORIS , HART CLAARTJE , HILLEGERSBERG JACQUELINE , SNUIF YVETTE S. , STERKEN‐HOOISMA SIETSKE , BISSCHOP CHARLOTTE N. STEINS , WESTERHUIS MICHELLE E. M. H. , BRUINSE HEIN W. , KWEE ANNEKE 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective. To assess substandard care factors in the case of delivery‐related asphyxia. Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting. Catchment area of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the University Medical Center Utrecht; a region in the middle of the Netherlands covering 13% of the Dutch population. Population. Term infants, without congenital malformations, who died intrapartum or were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit due to asphyxia. Methods. During a two‐year period, cases were prospectively collected and audited by an expert panel. Main outcome measures. Substandard care factors. Results. 37 735 term infants without congenital malformations were born. There were 19 intrapartum deaths, and 89 NICU admissions of which 12 neonates died. In 63 (58%) cases a substandard care factor was identified that was possibly (n= 47, 43%) or probably (n= 16, 15%) related to perinatal death or NICU admission. In primary care, substandard care factors were mainly the low frequency of examination during labor and delay in referral to secondary care. In secondary care, misinterpretation of cardiotocography and failure to respond adequately to clinical signs of fetal distress were the most common substandard care factors. Conclusions. Substandard care is present in a substantial number of cases with delivery‐related asphyxia resulting in perinatal death or NICU admission. Improving the organization of obstetric care in the Netherlands as well as training of obstetric caregivers might reduce adverse outcomes.
The rising incidence of eosinophilic oesophagitis is associated with increasing biopsy rates: a population‐based study
Authors: Syed A. A. N. , Andrews C. N. , Shaffer E. , Urbanski S. J. , Beck P. , Storr M. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryBackgroundEosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) has evolved from a supposedly rare entity to one whose incidence rates are approaching that of inflammatory bowel disease. The factors responsible for this apparent increase in the incidence remain obscure.AimTo assess various endoscopist and pathologist factors that might affect the frequency of EoE being detected in a well‐defined North American population.HypothesisIncreased endoscopist and pathologist awareness has contributed to the increased clinical recognition of EoE.MethodsCases of EoE were identified systematically using population‐based pathology and endoscopy databases from January 2004 to December 2008 in Calgary, Canada (population 1.25 million). EoE frequency was estimated with time trend analysis. Characteristics of individual endoscopists (n = 45) were compared with diagnostic rates.ResultsCrude population incidence of EoE increased from 2.1 per 105 in 2004 to 11.0 per 105 in 2008: an annual increase of 39% (P < 0.0001). The frequency in men was 4.5 times higher than in women (95% CI: 3.51–5.76). In patients presenting with dysphagia oesophageal biopsy rates increased from 17.0% in 2004 to 41.3% of EGDs in 2008: an annual rise of 26% (P < 0.0001). On multivariate regression analysis, those endoscopists with higher biopsy rates were more likely to make the diagnosis of EoE (P = 0.008). To include or exclude the diagnosis, typical histological features of EoE were reported more often by pathologists in 2008 as compared to 2004 (P = 0.01 & P < 0.0001 respectively).ConclusionsThe incidence of eosinophilic oesophagitis continues to rise in the general population, in part due to increasing oesophageal biopsy rates and a more detailed histological evaluation of specimens. The biopsy rate of an endoscopist is an indicator for a higher diagnostic yield.
Clinical evaluation of a dioic acid‐based formulation on facial skin in an Indian population
Authors: Merinville E. , Byrne A. J. , Visdal‐Johnsen L. , Bouvry G. , Gillbro J. M. , Rawlings A. V. , Laloeuf A. 
Published: September 2012

SynopsisThe aim of this work was to investigate the effects of 1,18‐octadecen‐9‐dioic acid (dioic acid) and a Rumex occidentalis extract complex for their skin‐lightening action in an Indian population. Prior to the clinical study, the efficacy of dioic as an inhibitor of melanogenesis was confirmed on dark‐pigmented human melanocytes. As part of a 12‐week vehicle‐controlled clinical study, the skin‐lightening effect of a test product containing 1% dioic acid, 2% of a Rumex occidentalis extract and sunscreens (SPF 15) was assessed on the facial skin of 71 Indian female volunteers. Change in skin colour was monitored by (A) Chroma Meter® measurement (L*, a*, b*) and Individual Typology Angle (ITA˚) calculation and (B) Visual grading of standardized photographs by a dermatologist. Colorimetric measurements on volunteers' cheeks showed a significant increase of L* and ITA˚ compared to baseline after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of test product application. For both L* and ITA˚ measurements, changes were significantly different than the SPF 15‐containing vehicle at weeks 4 and 12. These results were confirmed by the dermatological visual grading. The overall skin‐lightening action of the test product was beyond the one observed with the SPF 15 vehicle. These findings show that a dioic acid and Rumex occidentalis complex deliver a significant skin‐lightening effect on facial skin in an Indian population.
Amazon forest carbon dynamics predicted by profiles of canopy leaf area and light environment
Authors: Stark Scott C. , Leitold Veronika , Wu Jin L. , Hunter Maria O. , de Castilho Carolina V. , Costa Flávia R. C. , McMahon Sean M. , Parker Geoffrey G. , Shimabukuro Mônica Takako , Lefsky Michael A. , Keller Michael , Alves Luciana F. , Schietti Juliana , Shimabukuro Yosio Edemir , Brandão Diego O. , Woodcock Tara K. , Higuchi Niro , de Camargo Plinio B. , de Oliveira Raimundo C. , Saleska Scott R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTropical forest structural variation across heterogeneous landscapes may control above‐ground carbon dynamics. We tested the hypothesis that canopy structure (leaf area and light availability) – remotely estimated from LiDAR – control variation in above‐ground coarse wood production (biomass growth). Using a statistical model, these factors predicted biomass growth across tree size classes in forest near Manaus, Brazil. The same statistical model, with no parameterisation change but driven by different observed canopy structure, predicted the higher productivity of a site 500 km east. Gap fraction and a metric of vegetation vertical extent and evenness also predicted biomass gains and losses for one‐hectare plots. Despite significant site differences in canopy structure and carbon dynamics, the relation between biomass growth and light fell on a unifying curve. This supported our hypothesis, suggesting that knowledge of canopy structure can explain variation in biomass growth over tropical landscapes and improve understanding of ecosystem function.
Prevalence of Scientific Misconduct Among a Group of Researchers in Nigeria
Authors: Okonta Patrick , Rossouw Theresa 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThere is a dearth of information on the prevalence of scientific misconduct from Nigeria.ObjectivesThis study aimed at determining the prevalence of scientific misconduct in a group of researchers in Nigeria. Factors associated with the prevalence were ascertained.MethodA descriptive study of researchers who attended a scientific conference in 2010 was conducted using the adapted Scientific Misconduct Questionnaire‐Revised (SMQ‐R).ResultsNinety‐one researchers (68.9%) admitted having committed at least one of the eight listed forms of scientific misconduct. Disagreement about authorship was the most common form of misconduct committed (36.4%) while plagiarism was the least (9.2%). About 42% of researchers had committed falsification of data or plagiarism. Analysis of specific acts of misconduct showed that committing plagiarism was inversely associated with years in research (Fisher exact p‐value = 0.02); falsifying data was related to perceived low effectiveness of the institution's rules and procedures for reducing scientific misconduct (X2 = 6.44, p‐value = 0.01); and succumbing to pressure from study sponsor to engage in unethical practice was related to sex of researcher (Fisher exact p‐value = 0.02).ConclusionsThe emergent data from this study is a cause for serious concern and calls for prompt intervention. The best response to reducing scientific misconduct will proceed from measures that contain both elements of prevention and enforcement. Training on research ethics has to be integrated into the curriculum of undergraduate and postgraduate students while provision should be made for in‐service training of researchers. Penalties against acts of scientific misconduct should be enforced at institutional and national levels.
Bacterial Degradation of Risperidone and Paliperidone in Decomposing Blood
Authors: Butzbach Danielle M. , Stockham Peter C. , Kobus Hilton J. , Noel Sims D. , Byard Roger W. , Lokan Robert J. , Stewart Walker George 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe stability of two benzisoxazole antipsychotics was determined in vitro in decomposing porcine blood inoculated with bacteria, utilizing a high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and fluorescence detection method for drug quantitation. Stability experiments for risperidone and paliperidone were conducted at 7, 20 and 37°C for 4 days using sterile and bacterially inoculated porcine blood. The drugs were stable in sterile blood at each temperature and in inoculated blood at 7°C, but degraded significantly in inoculated blood at 20 and 37°C. Complete loss occurred within 2 days when incubated at 37°C. The benzisoxazole‐cleaved degradation products for both drugs were identified as 2‐hydroxybenzoyl‐risperidone and 2‐hydroxybenzoyl‐paliperidone utilizing liquid chromatography quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and accurate mass measurements. The degradation products have been found in postmortem case studies, including one case where risperidone and paliperidone were not detected, indicating complete conversion can occur in situ.
Rouviere's sulcus: Review of an anatomical landmark to prevent common bile duct injury
Authors: Galketiya Kamal P. , Beardsley Christian J. , Gananadha Sivakumar , Hardman David T. 
Published: September 2012

AimTo review the use of Rouviere's sulcus as an anatomical guard during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Patients and MethodsAnatomical review, not directly involving patients. A review of major anatomical texts, surgical texts and the pubmed database was conducted for all texts or articles pertaining to Rouviere's sulcus.ResultsThe use of Rouviere's sulcus during laparoscopic cholecystectomy results in an additional anatomic guard against biliary tract injury, however proper anatomical exposure is required to maximize the utility of this landmark.ConclusionWhen combined with other anatomical guards, Rouviere's sulcus is a useful adjunct in the prevention of biliary tract injury.
Experimentalist governance in the EU: The emperor's new clothes?
Authors: Börzel Tanja A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMost students of the EU agree by now that it is best described as a governance system. There is far less consensus on what kind of governance the EU actually features: modern, postmodern, network, cooperative, innovative or simply new? Sabel and Zeitlin have advanced yet another concept. This paper discusses the added value of their “experimentalist governance” (EG), as presented in an edited volume published in 2010, for understanding and explaining the nature of EU policymaking, addressing four questions: First, to what extent is EG distinct from existing concepts of governance? Second, how pervasive is EG in the EU when compared to alternative forms of governance? Third, what is the effect of EG on EU policy outcomes, on the one hand, and the overall architecture of the EU, on the other? Finally, does EG solve or exacerbate the EU's democratic deficit?
Cyromazine resistance detected in Australian sheep blowfly
Authors: Levot GW 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveTo investigate the cause of cyromazine failure to protect lambs from flystrike.MethodsLucilia cuprina larvae from a Nimmitabel (New South Wales) population associated with failure of a cyromazine spray‐on to protect lambs from flystrike were compared with larvae from a susceptible field strain and a reference susceptible laboratory strain in laboratory bioassays. Batches of neonate blowfly larvae were transferred onto homogenised bovine liver containing varying concentrations of cyromazine or dicyclanil and the numbers of larvae pupating and completing development were recorded.ResultsBased on the ability of larvae to complete development on liver homogenate containing 1 mg/kg cyromazine, the phenotypic frequency of resistance in the Nimmitabel population was estimated to be approximately 4%. Compared with a susceptible field strain, the Nimmitabel population was 3‐fold more resistant to cyromazine and twice as resistant to dicyclanil at the LC95 level (lethal concentration killing 95% of larvae). In the laboratory, the Nimmitabel strain responded to sequential exposure of larvae to food containing cyromazine by becoming more resistant. Resistance to cyromazine was incompletely dominant, giving resistant larvae a survival advantage over susceptible types over a relatively narrow range of cyromazine concentrations.ConclusionCyromazine resistance was detected in a field population of L. cuprina. Low‐level cross‐resistance to dicyclanil was also confirmed. Until more is known about the resistance, the prudent recommendation to control flystrike by this blowfly population is topical treatment with ivermectin.
Inhibition of ocular neovascularization by a novel peptide derived from human placenta growth factor‐1
Authors: Zheng Ying , Gu Qing , Xu Xun 
Published: September 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the effect of ZY1, a novel 21‐amino acid peptide from human placenta growth factor‐1 (PlGF‐1), against ocular neovascularization, and to study its possible toxicity to the retina and the underlying mechanism of antiangiogenic effect.Methods:  MTS assays, a modified Boyden chamber and Matrigel™ were used to evaluate the effect of ZY1 on the proliferation, migration and tube formation of RF/6A rhesus macaque choroid‐retina endothelial cells induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vitro. The antiangiogenic effect of ZY1 was also studied with corneal micropocket angiogenesis assays and oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) assays in mice. Electrophysiological tests and histological examinations were used to study the possible toxicity of ZY1 against mouse neuroretina. Competitive ELISA and Western blotting were performed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of ZY1.Results:  ZY1 inhibited VEGF‐induced RF/6A proliferation, migration and tube formation. It also inhibited ocular neovascularization when applied to the corneal micropocket angiogenesis assays and OIR assays in mice. Electrophysiological tests and histological examinations revealed no evident functional or morphologic abnormalities in mouse neuroretina after ZY1 injection. ZY1 competed for binding to VEGFR‐1 against PlGF and VEGF and inhibited VEGFR‐1/ERK/AKT activation.Conclusion:  It is concluded that the novel peptide ZY1 is an effective inhibitor of ocular pathologic angiogenesis and may provide a promising alternative for ocular antiangiogenic therapy.
Nutritional management contributes to improvement in minimal hepatic encephalopathy and quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis: A preliminary, prospective, open‐label study
Authors: Kato Akinobu , Tanaka Hiroto , Kawaguchi Takumi , Kanazawa Hidenori , Iwasa Motoh , Sakaida Isao , Moriwaki Hisataka , Murawaki Yoshikazu , Suzuki Kazuyuki , Okita Kiwamu 
Published: September 2012

AimProblems in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) include episodes such as falls and deficient driving skills, without any recognition of neurophysiological dysfunction. Patients with MHE are also more likely to develop overt hepatic encephalopathy. However, there is not yet any interventional strategy for MHE involving nutritional management. We conducted a preliminary study to investigate the proportion of positive MHE and the effects of nutritional management on MHE.MethodsPatients with viral liver cirrhosis and abnormal neuropsychological tests were included. Nutritional consultations were conducted periodically by a dietitian, who recommended 30–35 kcal with 1.0–1.5 g of protein/kg of ideal bodyweight/day. The primary end‐point was to evaluate the proportion of patients who recovered from MHE. The secondary end‐point was to evaluate the improvement in the patients' quality of life (QOL).ResultsThirty‐two (30.1%) of 106 patients were diagnosed with MHE. Nineteen patients were enrolled in the study. Eleven of 19 patients became non‐MHE after 4 weeks, and 13 of 19 patients (68.4%, P < 0.001) after 8 weeks. The mental summary scores were significantly improved at 8 weeks (P = 0.0413). Changes in albumin levels from week 0 to week 8 were 0.15 ± 0.16 g/dL in the improved MHE group and −0.28 ± 0.33 g/dL in the non‐improved MHE group, which differ significantly (P = 0.0130).ConclusionPeriodical nutritional management improved MHE and QOL. Improving the patient's nutritional condition may be one approach to treating MHE.
Diuretics aggravate zinc deficiency in patients with liver cirrhosis by increasing zinc excretion in urine
Authors: Chiba Miho , Katayama Kazuhiro , Takeda Risato , Morita Rie , Iwahashi Kiyoshi , Onishi Yoshiki , Kita Hisaaki , Nishio Akira , Kanno Tomoyo , Saito Tamiko , Maeda Kosaku , Naito Masafumi , Michida Tomoki , Ito Toshifumi 
Published: September 2012

AimLiver cirrhosis is often accompanied by zinc deficiency. The exact mechanisms underlying zinc deficiency remain unclear. This study was undertaken to clarify the influence of diuretics on blood zinc levels and zinc excretion in urine in liver cirrhosis.MethodsSeventy‐nine outpatients with liver cirrhosis were divided into four groups: (i) patients receiving no zinc preparations or diuretics (LC group); (ii) those receiving zinc preparations only (LCZ group); (iii) those receiving diuretics only (LCD group); and (iv) those receiving both zinc preparations and diuretics (LCDZ group). Among these groups, the effects of the administrated drugs on blood zinc levels and urinary zinc excretion were analyzed.ResultsBlood zinc levels were significantly lower in the LCD group (47.8 ± 10.5 μg/dL) than in the other groups (LC: 68.8 ± 17.1 μg/dL, P = 0.0056, post‐hoc test; LCZ: 78.4 ± 18.1, P < 0.0001; LCDZ: 70.3 ± 21.4, P = 0.0008). The creatinine‐adjusted urinary zinc excretion was significantly higher in the LCDZ group (548.1 ± 407.6 μg/mg creatinine) than in the other groups (LC, 58.5 ± 43.7; LCZ, 208.1 ± 227.8; LCD, 105.2 ± 154.4; each P < 0.0001). The fraction of urinary zinc excretion was also significantly higher in the LCDZ group (5.6 ± 2.9%) than in the other groups (LC, 0.6 ± 0.5; LCD, 1.7 ± 1.5; LCZ, 1.6 ± 1.2; each P < 0.0001).ConclusionIn patients with liver cirrhosis, treatment with diuretics can increase zinc excretion by suppressing the reabsorption of zinc through renal tubules, which might lead to zinc deficiency.