bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of reservoir system variable forecasts
Authors: Kistenmacher Martin , Georgakakos Aris P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractForecast ensembles are a convenient means to model water resources uncertainties and to inform planning and management processes. For multipurpose reservoir systems, forecast types include (i) forecasts of upcoming inflows and (ii) forecasts of system variables and outputs such as reservoir levels, releases, flood damage risks, hydropower production, water supply withdrawals, water quality conditions, navigation opportunities, and environmental flows, among others. Forecasts of system variables and outputs are conditional on forecasted inflows as well as on specific management policies and can provide useful information for decision‐making processes. Unlike inflow forecasts (in ensemble or other forms), which have been the subject of many previous studies, reservoir system variable and output forecasts are not formally assessed in water resources management theory or practice. This article addresses this gap and develops methods to rectify potential reservoir system forecast inconsistencies and improve the quality of management‐relevant information provided to stakeholders and managers. The overarching conclusion is that system variable and output forecast consistency is critical for robust reservoir management and needs to be routinely assessed for any management model used to inform planning and management processes. The above are demonstrated through an application from the Sacramento‐American‐San Joaquin reservoir system in northern California.
Ketone bodies mediate antiseizure effects through mitochondrial permeability transition
Authors: Kim Do Young , Simeone Kristina A. , Simeone Timothy A. , Pandya Jignesh D. , Wilke Julianne C. , Ahn Younghee , Geddes James W. , Sullivan Patrick G. , Rho Jong M. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveKetone bodies (KB) are products of fatty acid oxidation and serve as essential fuels during fasting or treatment with the high‐fat antiseizure ketogenic diet (KD). Despite growing evidence that KB exert broad neuroprotective effects, their role in seizure control has not been firmly demonstrated. The major goal of this study was to demonstrate the direct antiseizure effects of KB and to identify an underlying target mechanism.MethodsWe studied the effects of both the KD and KB in spontaneously epileptic Kcna1‐null mice using a combination of behavioral, planar multielectrode, and standard cellular electrophysiological techniques. Thresholds for mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) were determined in acutely isolated brain mitochondria.ResultsKB alone were sufficient to: (1) exert antiseizure effects in Kcna1‐null mice, (2) restore intrinsic impairment of hippocampal long‐term potentiation and spatial learning–memory defects in Kcna1‐null mutants, and (3) raise the threshold for calcium‐induced mPT in acutely prepared mitochondria from hippocampi of Kcna1‐null animals. Targeted deletion of the cyclophilin D subunit of the mPT complex abrogated the effects of KB on mPT, and in vivo pharmacological inhibition and activation of mPT were found to mirror and reverse, respectively, the antiseizure effects of the KD in Kcna1‐null mice.InterpretationThe present data reveal the first direct link between mPT and seizure control, and provide a potential mechanistic explanation for the KD. Given that mPT is increasingly being implicated in diverse neurological disorders, our results suggest that metabolism‐based treatments and/or metabolic substrates might represent a worthy paradigm for therapeutic development. Ann Neurol 2015;78:77–87
[CrIII8MII6]12+ Coordination Cubes (MII=Cu, Co)
Authors: Sanz Sergio , O'Connor Helen M. , Pineda Eufemio Moreno , Pedersen Kasper S. , Nichol Gary S. , Mønsted Ole , Weihe Høgni , Piligkos Stergios , McInnes Eric J. L. , Lusby Paul J. , Brechin Euan K. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract[CrIII8MII6]12+ (MII=Cu, Co) coordination cubes were constructed from a simple [CrIIIL3] metalloligand and a “naked” MII salt. The flexibility in the design proffers the potential to tune the physical properties, as all the constituent parts of the cage can be changed without structural alteration. Computational techniques (known in theoretical nuclear physics as statistical spectroscopy) in tandem with EPR spectroscopy are used to interpret the magnetic behavior.
Aqueous Manganese Dioxide Ink for Paper‐Based Capacitive Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Qian Jiasheng , Jin Huanyu , Chen Bolei , Lin Mei , Lu Wei , Tang Wing Man , Xiong Wei , Chan Lai Wa Helen , Lau Shu Ping , Yuan Jikang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report a simple approach based on a chemical reduction method to synthesize aqueous inorganic ink comprised of hexagonal MnO2 nanosheets. The MnO2 ink exhibits long‐term stability and continuous thin films can be formed on various substrates without using any binder. To obtain a flexible electrode for capacitive energy storage, the MnO2 ink was printed onto commercially available A4 paper pretreated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The electrode exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 1035 F g−1 (91.7 mF cm−2). Paper‐based symmetric and asymmetric capacitors were assembled, which gave a maximum specific energy density of 25.3 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 81 kW kg−1. The device could maintain a 98.9 % capacitance retention over 10 000 cycles at 4 A g−1. The MnO2 ink could be a versatile candidate for large‐scale production of flexible and printable electronic devices for energy storage and conversion.
Revealing the Charge‐Transfer Interactions in Self‐Assembled Organic Cocrystals: Two‐Dimensional Photonic Applications
Authors: Zhu Weigang , Zheng Renhui , Fu Xiaolong , Fu Hongbing , Shi Qiang , Zhen Yonggang , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA new crystal of a charge‐transfer (CT) complex was prepared through supramolecular assembly and it has unique two‐dimensional (2D) morphology. The CT nature of the ground and excited states of this new Bpe‐TCNB cocrystal (BTC) were confirmed by electron spin resonance measurements, spectroscopic studies, and theoretical calculations, thus providing a comprehensive understanding of the CT interactions in organic donor–acceptor systems. And the lowest CT1excitons are responsible for the efficient photoluminescence (ΦPL=19 %), which can actively propagate in individual 2D BTCs without anisotropy, thus implying that the optical waveguide property of the crystal is not related to the molecular stacking structure. This unique 2D CT cocrystal exhibits potential for use in functional photonic devices in the next‐generation optoelectronic communications.
Reshaping an Enzyme Binding Pocket for Enhanced and Inverted Stereoselectivity: Use of Smallest Amino Acid Alphabets in Directed Evolution
Authors: Sun Zhoutong , Lonsdale Richard , Kong Xu‐Dong , Xu Jian‐He , Zhou Jiahai , Reetz Manfred T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDirected evolution based on saturation mutagenesis at sites lining the binding pocket is a commonly practiced strategy for enhancing or inverting the stereoselectivity of enzymes for use in organic chemistry or biotechnology. However, as the number of residues in a randomization site increases to five or more, the screening effort for 95 % library coverage increases astronomically until it is no longer feasible. We propose the use of a single amino acid for saturation mutagenesis at superlarge randomization sites comprising 10 or more residues. When used to reshape the binding pocket of limonene epoxide hydrolase, this strategy, which drastically reduces the search space and thus the screening effort, resulted in R,R‐ and S,S‐selective mutants for the hydrolytic desymmetrization of cyclohexene oxide and other epoxides. X‐ray crystal structures and docking studies of the mutants unveiled the source of stereoselectivity and shed light on the mechanistic intricacies of this enzyme.
A review on the methods of preparation of elemental boron
Authors: Zhou Jiaojiao , Bai Peng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe review presents four main techniques of preparation of elemental boron: molten salt electrolysis, metallic reduction, hydrogen reduction, and decomposition of boron compounds. For electrolysis, the molten salt systems, boron precursors, and mechanisms are summarized. Four kinds of hydrogen reduction of boron compounds are briefly introduced. In chemical vapor deposition process, the purity, conversion rate, morphology, and deposition rate of the produced boron are major concerns. Like hydrogen reduction, decomposition of boron compounds can be used to produce the high‐purity and ultra‐fine boron, but high‐cost and severe reaction conditions limit its applications in large scale. Metal reduction method is improved through new preparation and purification process. All in all, boron powders with high‐purity, small size, and narrow size distribution are preferred in the high‐tech fields. Additionally, the robust boron nanostructures and more effective and greener synthetic strategies are also anticipated. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supernova SN 1006 in two historic Yemeni reports
Authors: Rada W. , Neuhäuser R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe present two Arabic texts of historic observations of supernova SN 1006 from Yemen as reported by al‐Yamānī and Ibn al‐Daybac (14th to 16th century AD). An English translation of the report by the latter was given before (Stephenson & Green 2002), but the original Arabic text was not yet published. In addition, we present for the first time the earlier report, also from Yemen, namely by al‐Yamānī in its original Arabic and with our English translation. It is quite obvious that the report by Ibn al‐Daybac is based on the report by al‐Yamānī(or a common source), but the earlier report by al‐Yamānī is more detailed and in better (Arabic) language. We discuss in detail the dating of these observations. The most striking difference to other reports about SN 1006 is the apparent early discovery in Yemen in the evening of 15th of Rajab of the year 396h (i.e. AD 1006 April 17±2 on the Julian calendar), as reported by both al‐Yamānī and Ibn al‐Daybac, i.e. ∼1.5 weeks earlier than the otherwise earliest known reports. We also briefly discuss other information from the Yemeni reports on brightness, light curve, duration of visibility, location, stationarity, and color. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the history of some explicit formulae for solving Kepler's equation
Authors: Badolati E. , Ciccone S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this paper we examine, in their historical context, some approximate solutions for Kepler's equation. These explicit formulae, obtained by Trembley, Pacassi, Fergola, and Horrebow, had not a great diffusion and were thus often rediscovered by other astronomers. We will prove that the formulae are equivalent and, moreover, we will give an evaluation of the error. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Element spots in Ap and Hg‐Mn stars from current‐driven diffusion
Authors: Urpin V. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe stars of the middle main sequence often have spot‐like chemical structures at their surfaces. We consider the diffusion process caused by electric currents that can lead to the formation of such chemical spots. Diffusion is considered using the partial momentum equations derived by the Chapman‐Enskog method. We argue that diffusion caused by electric currents can substantially change the surface chemistry of stars and form spotted chemical structures even in a relatively weak magnetic field. The considered mechanism can be responsible for a formation of element spots in Hg‐Mn and Ap‐stars. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solar activity around AD 775 from aurorae and radiocarbon
Authors: Neuhäuser R. , Neuhäuser D. L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA large variation in 14C around AD 775 has been considered to be caused by one or more solar super‐flares within one year. We critically review all known aurora reports from Europe as well as the Near, Middle, and Far East from AD 731 to 825 and find 39 likely true aurorae plus four more potential aurorae and 24 other reports about halos, meteors, thunderstorms etc., which were previously misinterpreted as aurorae or misdated; we assign probabilities for all events according to five aurora criteria. We find very likely true aurorae in AD 743, 745, 762, 765, 772, 773, 793, 796, 807, and 817. There were two aurorae in the early 770s observed near Amida (now Diyarbakır in Turkey near the Turkish‐Syrian border), which were not only red, but also green‐yellow – being at a relatively low geomagnetic latitude, they indicate a relatively strong solar storm. However, it cannot be argued that those aurorae (geomagnetic latitude 43 to 50°, considering five different reconstructions of the geomagnetic pole) could be connected to one or more solar super‐flares causing the 14C increase around AD 775: There are several reports about low‐ to mid‐latitude aurorae at 32 to 44° geomagnetic latitude in China and Iraq; some of them were likely observed (quasi‐)simultaneously in two of three areas (Europe, Byzantium/Arabia, East Asia), one lasted several nights, and some indicate a particularly strong geomagnetic storm (red colour and dynamics), namely in AD 745, 762, 793, 807, and 817 – always without 14C peaks. We use 39 likely true aurorae as well as historic reports about sunspots together with the radiocarbon content from tree rings to reconstruct the solar activity: From AD ∼733 to ∼823, we see at least nine Schwabe cycles; instead of one of those cycles, there could be two short, weak cycles – reflecting the rapid increase to a high 14C level since AD 775, which lies at the end of a strong cycle. In order to show the end of the dearth of naked‐eye sunspots, we discuss two more Schwabe cycles until AD ∼844. The 14C record (from both Intcal and Miyake et al. 2013a) is anti‐correlated to auroral and sunspot activity, as expected from solar wind modulation of cosmic rays which produce the radiocarbon. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The most distant quasar at z = 7.08: Probable retrograde rotation of an accreting supermassive black hole
Authors: Gnedin Yu. N. , Mikhailov A. G. , Piotrovich M. Yu. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe estimate the value of the spin of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) of the high‐redshift quasar ULAS J112001.48 +064124.3 using new observational data for its mass, bolometric luminosity, and X‐ray spectrum. We show that, assuming equilibrium between the magnetic and the accretion gas pressures at the event horizon radius, the spin of the SMBH is negative. This result implies that the SMBH in this quasar is rotating retrograde with respect to the accretion disk. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Luminescent properties of Ca3SiO4Cl2 co‐doped with Ce3+ and Eu2+ for near‐ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Shen Wangqing , Zhu Yiwen , Wang Zhengliang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCa3SiO4Cl2 co‐doped with Ce3+,Eu2+ was prepared by high temperature reaction. The structure, luminescent properties and the energy transfer process of Ca3SiO4Cl2: Ce3+,Eu2+ were investigated. Eu2+ ions can give enhanced green emission through Ce3+ → Eu2+ energy transfer in these phosphors. The green phosphor Ca2.9775SiO4Cl2:0.0045Ce3+,0.018Eu2+ showed intense green emission with broader excitation in the near‐ultraviolet light range. A green light‐emitting diode (LED) based on this phosphor was made, and bright green light from this green LED could be observed by the naked eye under 20 mA current excitation. Hence it is considered to be a good candidate for the green component of a three‐band white LED. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Ortho‐Selective Aromatic CH Borylation of 2‐Arylpyridines with Pinacolborane
Authors: Okada Shinsuke , Namikoshi Takeshi , Watanabe Shinji , Murata Miki 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe ruthenium‐catalyzed dehydrogenative borylation of 2‐arylpyridines with pinacolborane took place at ortho‐positions of the benzene ring. Density functional theory calculations and kinetic isotope effect experiments suggest that the catalytic cycle should involve oxidative addition of the CH bond, the rate‐determining σ‐bond metathesis of pinacolborane with the ruthenium hydride complex, and reductive elimination of the CB bond.
Mechanistic Aspects of a Highly Active Dinuclear Zinc Catalyst for the Co‐polymerization of Epoxides and CO2
Authors: Kissling Stefan , Altenbuchner Peter T. , Lehenmeier Maximilian W. , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Deglmann Peter , Seemann Uwe B. , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe dinuclear zinc complex reported by us is to date the most active zinc catalyst for the co‐polymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and carbon dioxide. However, co‐polymerization experiments with propylene oxide (PO) and CO2 revealed surprisingly low conversions. Within this work, we focused on clarification of this behavior through experimental results and quantum chemical studies. The combination of both results indicated the formation of an energetically highly stable intermediate in the presence of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide. A similar species in the case of cyclohexene oxide/CO2 co‐polymerization was not stable enough to deactivate the catalyst due to steric repulsion.
[Cu32(H)20{S2P(OiPr)2}12]: The Largest Number of Hydrides Recorded in a Molecular Nanocluster by Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Dhayal Rajendra S. , Liao Jian‐Hong , Kahlal Samia , Wang Xiaoping , Liu Yu‐Chiao , Chiang Ming‐Hsi , van Zyl Werner E. , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Liu C. W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAn air‐ and moisture‐stable nanoscale polyhydrido copper cluster [Cu32(H)20{S2P(OiPr)2}12] (1H) was synthesized and structurally characterized. The molecular structure of 1H exhibits a hexacapped pseudo‐rhombohedral core of 14 Cu atoms sandwiched between two nestlike triangular cupola fragments of (2×9) Cu atoms in an elongated triangular gyrobicupola polyhedron. The discrete Cu32 cluster is stabilized by 12 dithiophosphate ligands and a record number of 20 hydride ligands, which were found by high‐resolution neutron diffraction to exhibit tri‐, tetra‐, and pentacoordinated hydrides in capping and interstitial modes. This result was further supported by a density functional theory investigation on the simplified model [Cu32(H)20(S2PH2)12].
Hilfe – ich übernehme eine Chemiesammlung!
Authors: Ruppersberg Klaus 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNach den örtlich geltenden Schulvorschriften darf die Schulleitung Teile ihrer Verantwortung auf Lehrkräfte delegieren, z.B. die Leitung des Fachbereiches Chemie und die Chemiesammlung. Wegen der Größe des Aufgabenbereichs und der daraus hervorgehenden Gefahren ist umsichtiges Denken und arbeitsökonomisches Verhalten erforderlich. Der Autor gibt Empfehlungen bezüglich Überalterung von Chemikalien und deren Überbevorratung, Hinweise für die Aufbewahrung gefährlicher Chemikalien, sichere Experimente sowie eine überschaubare Zusammenstellung wichtiger Quellen und Dokumente.
Torf, lass nach
Authors: Hübner Karl 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGetorfte Whiskys sind gewöhnungsbedürftig, stehen bei vielen Whisky‐Fans aber hoch im Kurs. Für den strengen und intensiven Geschmackseindruck sind vor allem Phenole verantwortlich. Sie entstehen im Torffeuer, über dem manche Destillerien die keimende Gerste trocknen.
Biotechnologie mit Grünalgen – vielseitige Organismen
Authors: Scherr Dietmar 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn einem Biotechnologie‐Projekt in unserer Schule wurden Grünalgen und ihre besonderen Fähigkeiten untersucht. Diese einzelligen Organismen werden verwendet, um autotroph Wasserstoff und andere wertvolle Primärprodukte aus Licht, Wasser, Kohlenstoffdioxid und Salzen zu produzieren, eine Möglichkeit für eine nachhaltige Produktion.
Single‐dose pharmacokinetics of bupropion hydrobromide and metabolites in healthy adolescent and adult subjects
Authors: Oh D. Alexander , Crean Christopher S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractData from 2 pediatric single‐dose studies, conducted at the same center, were combined to evaluate exposure levels of bupropion and metabolites in adolescents 12–17 years old, compared with adults > 18 years. Pharmacokinetic analyses of bupropion and its metabolites were performed using normalization and pharmacological/convulsive weighting methods on exposure. When compared with adults (>18 years), subjects 12–14 years had an increase in weight‐normalized exposure to bupropion (ie, Cmax, 78%; AUC0–t, 83%; and AUCinf, 85%). Variability in this younger age group was also higher, with observations of a 3‐ to 4‐fold increase in exposure. When the changes in metabolites were accounted within pharmacological and convulsive‐weighted exposures, the relative ratio of 12–14 years to adults in body weight‐normalized Cmax was 127% and 110%, respectively. Subjects 15–17 years did not exhibit a difference in exposure compared with adults. The influence of age on bupropion pharmacokinetics demonstrates that, in general, healthy adolescent subjects cannot be considered smaller healthy adult subjects; the increase in exposure is inversely related to age and appears to be solely associated with bupropion, not with its metabolites. Because there are no clinical safety and efficacy data of bupropion in adolescents, this data may shift its risk–benefit profile.
Inter‐cell coordinated beamforming with opportunistic scheduling
Authors: Kim Jin W. , Kang Chung G. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis paper proposes a distributed coordination framework with opportunistic scheduling among multiple users as opposed to the existing works on the multiple‐cell cooperative beamforming problem that deals with a single active user in each cell. In this cross‐layer design framework that deals with the beamforming in the physical layer and multiuser scheduling in the upper layer, radio resource management and inter‐cell coordination issues are jointly considered to improve the cell‐edge throughput performance by trading off their individual benefit in an optimal manner. Our simulation results demonstrated that its performance can reach up to 85% of its upper bound at the cell boundary. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Membrane pilot plant trials of CO2 separation from flue gas
Authors: Scholes Colin A. , Qader Abdul , Stevens Geoff W. , Kentish Sandra E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIndustrial trials of membrane separation of CO2 from flue gas generated by a lignite‐fired power station are reported. A hollow fiber Air Products PRISM and a spiral wound Dow Filmtec® NF3838/30FF membrane were separately trialed. The CO2 permeance and selectivity through the PRISM membrane fell significantly in the initial hours of operation, reflecting competitive sorption effects and concentration polarisation. Alternatively, the wet flue gas enabled a facilitated transport mechanism to operate for the NF3838/30FF membrane and the CO2 permeance and selectivity increased significantly compared to the dry membrane. Standard correlations were able to simulate the pressure drops through the modules.© 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd