bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High Capacity Calcium Primary Cell Based on the Ca–S System
Authors: See Kimberly A. , Gerbec Jeffrey A. , Jun Young‐Si , Wudl Fred , Stucky Galen D. , Seshadri Ram 
Published: April 2013

AbstractConversion reaction cells afford the ability to explore new energy storage paradigms that transcend the dogma of small, low‐charge cations essential to intercalative processes. Here we report the use of earth‐abundant and green calcium and sulfur in unprecedented conversion reaction Ca–S primary cells. Using S‐infiltrated mesoporous carbon (abbreviated S@meso‐C) cathodes, we achieve discharge capacities as high as 600 mAh g−1 (S basis) within the geometry Ca|Ca(ClO4)2/CH3CN|S@meso‐C, at a discharge rate of C/3.5. The electrolyte system in the Ca–S battery is of paramount importance as the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formed on the Ca anode limits the capacity and stability of the cell. We determine that 0.5 M Ca(ClO4)2 in CH3CN forms an SEI that advantageously breaks down under anodic bias to allow oxidation of the anode. This same SEI, however, exhibits high impedance which increases over time at open circuit limiting the shelf life of the cell.
Foods Eaten by the Sichuan Snub‐Nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China, in Relation to Nutritional Chemistry
Authors: LIU XUECONG , STANFORD CRAIG B. , YANG JINGYUAN , YAO HUI , LI YIMING 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe diet of Rhinopithecus roxellana is characterized by lichens, which are available year‐round and an uncommon food source for nonhuman primates, supplemented by seasonal plant foods. We present the first study of foods eaten by R. roxellana in relation to nutritional chemistry in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, Hubei Province, China. We analyzed the nutrients (crude protein, crude fat, and water soluble carbohydrate [WSC]) and feeding deterrents (crude fiber, condensed tannin [CT], and total phenolic [TP]) of 111 parts from 53 plant species and of 6 lichen species. Results showed that lichens were a good choice for R. roxellana living in habitats with limited and seasonally available plant foods. They contained higher concentrations of WSC than foliage, fat concentrations equivalent to those in plant parts (except fruits/seeds), and lower concentrations of fiber than mature leaves, flowers, and fruits. Although lichens were lower in protein than plant parts (except fruits), the monkeys could likely meet their protein requirement by eating seasonal plant foods rich in protein, including foliage, flowers, buds, and seeds. The monkeys were not observed to select foliage higher in protein, but appeared to select mature leaves higher in WSC and lower in fiber. Fruits were a good source of WSC and fat, and seeds were a good source of fat. Neither CT nor TP content showed negative effects on the selection of mature leaves or lichens. Am. J. Primatol. 75:860–871, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cucurbit[8]uril‐Based Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Liu Yiliu , Yang Hui , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Xi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSupramolecular polymers, whose building blocks are noncovalently connected, have attracted much attention over the last few decades. The noncovalent nature of these polymeric systems endows them with great potential for applications in the preparation of dynamic materials. Cucurbituril (CB)‐based host–guest systems, which have strong binding affinity and good selectivity, have received extensive recent attention. Among the CB family, CB[8] is unique for its ability to bind two guests in its cavity and form strong ternary complexes. Such CB[8]‐based host–guest systems have been widely used in the construction of supramolecular architechtures. In this Focus Review, following a brief description of the host–guest interactions in CB[8]‐based systems, we summarize the current state of play in the fabrication of CB[8]‐based supramolecular polymers, which mainly include small‐molecule‐based supramolecular polymers and polymer‐based supramolecular polymers, as a good example of the marriage between the supramolecular chemistry of cucurbiturils and polymer science.
Clausius–Clapeyron‐like relationship in multidecadal changes of extreme short‐term precipitation and temperature in Japan
Authors: Fujibe Fumiaki 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLong‐term changes in extreme precipitation were studied using data of daily maximum 10‐min and hourly precipitation, as well as daily total precipitation for 60 years (1951–2010) in Japan. It was found that extreme 10‐min and hourly precipitations, defined from 5‐year averages of annual maximum and 95th percentile values, have a high correlation with temperature with a rate of 9.7 ± 4.1% and 8.8 ± 8.3% K−1, respectively. These values are close to the Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) rate of change in saturation vapor pressure (about 6% per degree), indicating that the CC relation roughly holds for multidecadal changes in extreme short‐time precipitation in Japan.
Ask not what altmetrics can do for you, but what altmetrics can do for developing countries
Authors: Alperin Juan Pablo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEditor's SummaryTraditional citation counting for evaluating scholarly impact unfairly benefits those in North America and Europe and shortchanges the alternative scholars of the developing world. Alternative metrics more accurately measure the impact of scholarly writings, better serve all scholars and can foster a research culture that supports national development goals. The current system favors dominant journals and topics of interest to the prevailing scientific community, captured by the leading bibliographic databases. Yet publishing on platforms more open to underrepresented journals and scholars in developing nations would promote a greater range of ideas and scholarly exchange. With facilitating international development in mind, scholarly communication should encourage research on topics of local and national relevance and be presented through globally accessible channels, disseminated by social media. Publishing technology barriers to participation must be lowered. The value of altmetrics will be evident, providing advantages to alternative scholars, serving public needs and revealing scientific contributions long underrepresented in the standard literature.
New opportunities for repositories in the age of altmetrics
Authors: Konkiel Stacy , Scherer Dave 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEditor's SummaryFor institutional repositories, alternative metrics reflecting online activity present valuable indicators of interest in their holdings that can supplement traditional usage statistics. A variable mix of built‐in metrics is available through popular repository platforms: Digital Commons, DSpace and EPrints. These may include download counts at the collection and/or item level, search terms, total and unique visitors, page views and social media and bookmarking metrics; additional data may be available with special plug‐ins. Data provide different types of information valuable for repository managers, university administrators and authors. They can reflect both scholarly and popular impact, show readership, reflect an institution's output, justify tenure and promotion and indicate direction for collection management. Practical considerations for implementing altmetrics include service costs, technical support, platform integration and user interest. Altmetrics should not be used for author ranking or comparison, and altmetrics sources should be regularly reevaluated for relevance.
Five challenges in altmetrics: A toolmaker's perspective
Authors: Liu Jean , Adie Euan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEditor's SummaryThe experience of Altmetric LLP, an altmetric tool developer, reveals common issues that demand attention when designing alternative metrics for response to scholarly writings. Identifying what can and should be measured for different user groups is fundamental. A default is to count all relevant mentions in a set of online sources, permitting drill down for more qualitative information. Data source selection varies by need, ranging from government documents to social media comment sites. Since the topic of discussion can be elusive, a tracking method must point backward to original articles or data. Text mining helps for text documents, but audio and video are less workable. Multiple versions of a single article and subsections of books and datasets add ambiguity and redundancy. Valid interpretation depends on context and the relevance and timeliness of data and sources, requiring continual reassessment.
The reception of suzanne briet in the United States
Authors: Buckland Michael K. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEditor's SummaryA library pioneer of the mid‐20th century, Suzanne Briet was a driving force in expanding and modernizing library service and early information science in France. She is most well known for insightful writings on the concepts of bibliography and of documents and documentation. Despite international connections, Briet's writings, almost exclusively in French, received little recognition in the United States during her lifetime. One influential commentator's review suggested misunderstanding of her key ideas. But historical interest in information science, largely from within ASIS&T, and translation and online distribution of her seminal writings have renewed scholarly interest in Briet's work and established a place for her among notable information scientists.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Pleuromutilin
Authors: Fazakerley Neal J. , Helm Matthew D. , Procter David J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe first enantiospecific total synthesis of the antibacterial natural product (+)‐pleuromutilin has been achieved. The approach includes the synthesis of a non‐racemic cyclisation substrate from (+)‐trans‐dihydrocarvone, a highly selective SmI2‐mediated cyclisation cascade, an electron transfer reduction of a hindered ester, and the first efficient conversion of (+)‐mutilin to the target.
Diffusion of Small Gas Bubbles into Liquid Studied by the Rotary Chamber Technique
Authors: Nüllig Marius , Peters Franz 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe rotary chamber technique is capable of observing small levitated bubbles in liquid for various research purposes. The present paper focuses on diffusion of a small spherical bubble into undersaturated water. The decaying bubble size is recorded in time by image processing. The results are plotted as Sherwood versus Reynolds number where the Schmidt number is of order 300. Similarity is found for each of four gases in water. The boundary layer prediction Sh $ \propto \sqrt {{\rm{Re}}} $ is confirmed in general. A physically accountable model provides a good representation of results.
Sorafenib in patients with progressive epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Chevreau Christine , Le Cesne Axel , Ray‐Coquard Isabelle , Italiano Antoine , Cioffi Angela , Isambert Nicolas , Robin Yves Marie , Fournier Charles , Clisant Stéphanie , Chaigneau Loic , Bay Jacques‐Olivier , Bompas Emmanuelle , Gauthier Eric , Blay Jean Y. , Penel Nicolas 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDThere is no standard treatment for progressive epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE). To investigate the significant vascularization of EHE, the activity/toxicity of sorafenib in patients with progressive EHE was explored.METHODSIn this multicenter, 1‐stage, phase 2 trial of sorafenib (800 mg daily), the primary endpoint, which was chosen by default, was the 9‐month progression‐free rate. All patients had documented progressive disease at the time of study entry.RESULTSFifteen patients were enrolled between June 2009 and February 2011. The median age was 57 years (range, 31‐76 years), and the ratio of men to women was 9:6. The performance status was zero in 10 patients and 1 in 5 patients. Twelve patients had metastases, mainly in the lung (12 patients), liver (5 patients), and bone (3 patients). Five patients had received prior chemotherapy (doxorubicin in 5 patients and taxane in 3 patients). The median sorafenib treatment duration was 124 days (range, from 27 to >271 days). Seven patients required dose reductions or transient treatment discontinuation. The 9‐month progression‐free rate was 30.7% (4 of 13 patients). The 2‐month, 4‐month, and 6‐month progression‐free rate was 84.6% (11 of 13 patients), 46.4% (6 of 13 patients), and 38.4% (5 of 13 patients), respectively. Two partial responses were observed that lasted 2 months and 9 months.CONCLUSIONSFurther clinical trials exploring sorafenib as treatment of progressive EHE are needed. Cancer 2013;119:2639–2644. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Kinetics of Homolytic Substitutions by Hydrogen Atoms at Thiols and Sulfides
Authors: Vandeputte Aäron G. , Reyniers Marie‐Françoise , Marin Guy B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThermodynamic and kinetic data in the temperature range 300–1500 K are calculated for 94 homolytic substitution reactions by a hydrogen atom at thiols and sulfides with the CBS‐QB3//BMK/6‐311G(2d,d,p) method. The studied reactions were found to proceed according to a one‐step mechanism. A group additivity (GA) method is presented to model the Arrhenius parameters of this reaction family. The required GA values were derived from data obtained for a set containing 58 reactions. By using the developed GA scheme, rate coefficients at 300 K for 26 substitution reactions by the hydrogen atom are reproduced within a factor of 2.2. Mean absolute deviations on the activation energy and pre‐exponential factor are limited to 1.1 kJ mol−1 and 0.19, respectively. Rate coefficients for the reverse reactions, that is, substitution reactions by C‐ and S‐centered radicals with expulsion of a hydrogen atom, are reproduced within a factor of 6 by using thermodynamic consistency. At 1000 K, group additive and calculated rate coefficients for the forward and reverse reactions agree within a factor of 1.8 and 4, respectively. Experimental rate coefficients in the temperature range 300–400 K are reproduced within a factor of 5. Discrepancies between calculated and experimental data are discussed.
Impact of Tube Curvature on the Ground‐State Magnetism of Axially Confined Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes of the Zigzag‐Type
Authors: Wu Jianhua , Hagelberg Frank 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe magnetic properties of axially confined, hydrogenated single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) of the (n,0)‐type with n=5–24 are systematically explored by density functional theory. Emphasis is placed on the relation between the ground‐state magnetic moments of SWCNTs and zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs). Comparison between the SWCNTs considered here and ZGNRs of equal length gives rise to two basic questions: 1) how does the nanotube curvature affect the antiferromagnetic order known to prevail for ZGNRs, and 2) to what extent do the magnetic moments localized at the SWCNT edges deviate from the zero‐curvature limit of n/3 μB? In response to these questions, it is found that systems with n≥7 display preference for antiferromagnetic order at any length investigated, whereas for n=5, 6 the magnetic phase varies with tube length. Furthermore, elementary patterns are identified that describe the progression of the magnitude of the magnetic moment with n for the longest tubes explored in this work. The spin densities of the considered SWCNTs are analyzed as a function of the tube length L, with L ranging from 3 to 11 transpolyene rings for n≥7 and from 3 to 30 rings for n=5 and 6.
13C‐Detected Through‐Bond Correlation Experiments for Protein Resonance Assignment by Ultra‐Fast MAS Solid‐State NMR
Authors: Barbet‐Massin Emeline , Pell Andrew J. , Knight Michael J. , Webber Amy L. , Felli Isabella C. , Pierattelli Roberta , Emsley Lyndon , Lesage Anne , Pintacuda Guido 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe present two sequences which combine (1H,15N) and (15N,13C) selective cross‐polarization steps with an efficient variant of the J‐based homonuclear transfer scheme, in which a spin‐state‐selective (S3E) block is incorporated to improve both resolution and sensitivity in the direct 13C dimension. We propose these two sequences as a part of a suite of four N–C correlation experiments allowing for the assignment of protein backbone resonances in the solid state. We illustrate these experiments under ultra‐fast magic angle spinning conditions on two samples of microcrystalline dimeric human superoxide dismutase (SOD, 153×2 amino acids), in its diamagnetic (“empty”, ZnII) and paramagnetic (CuII, ZnII) states.
miRNAin the Regulation of Ion Channel/Transporter Expression
Authors: Wang Zhiguo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIon channels and transporters are expressed in every living cell, where they participate in controlling a plethora of biological processes and physiological functions, such as excitation of cells in response to stimulation, electrical activities of cells, excitation‐contraction coupling, cellular osmolarity, and even cell growth and death. Alterations of ion channels/transporters can have profound impacts on the cellular physiology associated with these proteins. Expression of ion channels/transporters is tightly regulated and expression deregulation can trigger abnormal processes, leading to pathogenesis, the channelopathies. While transcription factors play a critical role in controlling the transcriptome of ion channels/transporters at the transcriptional level by acting on the 5′‐flanking region of the genes, microribonucleic acids (miRNAs), a newly discovered class of regulators in the gene network, are also crucial for expression regulation at the posttranscriptional level through binding to the 3′untranslated region of the genes. These small noncoding RNAs fine tune expression of genes involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. Recent studies revealed the role of miRNAs in regulating expression of ion channels/transporters and the associated physiological functions. miRNAs can target ion channel genes to alter cardiac excitability (conduction, repolarization, and automaticity) and affect arrhythmogenic potential of heart. They can modulate circadian rhythm, pain threshold, neuroadaptation to alcohol, brain edema, etc., through targeting ion channel genes in the neuronal systems. miRNAs can also control cell growth and tumorigenesis by acting on the relevant ion channel genes. Future studies are expected to rapidly increase to unravel a new repertoire of ion channels/transporters for miRNA regulation. © 2013 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol3:599‐653, 2013.
Phenomics of Cardiac Chloride Channels
Authors: Duan Dayue Darrel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractForward genetic studies have identified several chloride (Cl−) channel genes, includingCFTR,ClC‐2,ClC‐3, CLCA,Bestrophin,andAno1, in the heart. Recent reverse genetic studies using gene targeting and transgenic techniques to delineate the functional role of cardiac Cl−channels have shown that Cl−channels may contribute to cardiac arrhythmogenesis, myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure, and cardioprotection against ischemia reperfusion. The study of physiological or pathophysiological phenotypes of cardiac Cl−channels, however, is complicated by the compensatory changes in the animals in response to the targeted genetic manipulation. Alternatively, tissue‐specific conditional or inducible knockout or knockin animal models may be more valuable in the phenotypic studies of specific Cl−channels by limiting the effect of compensation on the phenotype. The integrated function of Cl−channels may involve multiprotein complexes of the Cl−channel subproteome. Similar phenotypes can be attained from alternative protein pathways within cellular networks, which are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The phenomics approach, which characterizes phenotypes as a whole phenome and systematically studies the molecular changes that give rise to particular phenotypes achieved by modifying the genotype under the scope of genome/proteome/phenome, may provide more complete understanding of the integrated function of each cardiac Cl−channel in the context of health and disease. © 2013 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol3:667‐692, 2013.
Comparative Digestive Physiology
Authors: H. Karasov William , Douglas Angela E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn vertebrates and invertebrates, morphological and functional features of gastrointestinal (GI) tracts generally reflect food chemistry, such as content of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and material(s) refractory to rapid digestion (e.g., cellulose). The expression of digestive enzymes and nutrient transporters approximately matches the dietary load of their respective substrates, with relatively modest excess capacity. Mechanisms explaining differences in hydrolase activity between populations and species include gene copy number variations and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional adjustments mediate phenotypic changes in the expression of hydrolases and transporters in response to dietary signals. Many species respond to higher food intake by flexibly increasing digestive compartment size. Fermentative processes by symbiotic microorganisms are important for cellulose degradation but are relatively slow, so animals that rely on those processes typically possess special enlarged compartment(s) to maintain a microbiota and other GI structures that slow digesta flow. The taxon richness of the gut microbiota, usually identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, is typically an order of magnitude greater in vertebrates than invertebrates, and the interspecific variation in microbial composition is strongly influenced by diet. Many of the nutrient transporters are orthologous across different animal phyla, though functional details may vary (e.g., glucose and amino acid transport with K+rather than Na+as a counter ion). Paracellular absorption is important in many birds. Natural toxins are ubiquitous in foods and may influence key features such as digesta transit, enzymatic breakdown, microbial fermentation, and absorption. © 2013 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol3:741‐483, 2013.
Apoptosis and Necrosis in the Liver
Authors: Guicciardi Maria Eugenia , Malhi Harmeet , Mott Justin L. , Gores Gregory J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBecause of its unique function and anatomical location, the liver is exposed to a multitude of toxins and xenobiotics, including medications and alcohol, as well as to infection by hepatotropic viruses, and therefore, is highly susceptible to tissue injury. Cell death in the liver occurs mainly by apoptosis or necrosis, with apoptosis also being the physiologic route to eliminate damaged or infected cells and to maintain tissue homeostasis. Liver cells, especially hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, are particularly susceptible to death receptor‐mediated apoptosis, given the ubiquitous expression of the death receptors in the organ. In a quite unique way, death receptor‐induced apoptosis in these cells is mediated by both mitochondrial and lysosomal permeabilization. Signaling between the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria promotes hepatocyte apoptosis in response to excessive free fatty acid generation during the metabolic syndrome. These cell death pathways are partially regulated by microRNAs. Necrosis in the liver is generally associated with acute injury (i.e., ischemia/reperfusion injury) and has been long considered an unregulated process. Recently, a new form of “programmed” necrosis (named necroptosis) has been described: the role of necroptosis in the liver has yet to be explored. However, the minimal expression of a key player in this process in the liver suggests this form of cell death may be uncommon in liver diseases. Because apoptosis is a key feature of so many diseases of the liver, therapeutic modulation of liver cell death holds promise. An updated overview of these concepts is given in this article. © 2013 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol3:977‐1010, 2013.