bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reward Tracking and Memory Decay in the Monarch Butterfly, Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Rodrigues Daniela , Weiss Martha R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDue to their long‐distance migration routes and high longevity, monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) are likely to benefit from learning how to discriminate and remember suitable feeding resources. In this study, we assessed monarchs’ abilities to track changing nectar sources over time and to retain learned information presented in two conditioning schedules. Non‐preferred (blue and red) and preferred (yellow) artificial flowers were concomitantly offered to monarchs in a three‐phase experiment. In each phase, flowers of only one color contained sucrose solution, while the others contained water. The rewarding color was changed in each phase. Instantaneous observations were made to assess butterfly visits to each color during each phase; continuous observations over the first 90 min of a new phase allowed us to look in more detail at the transition process. Overall, monarchs tracked sucrose availability, visiting the rewarding flowers more often than the unrewarding ones, regardless of innate preferences. However, butterflies reverted to innate color preferences when the newly rewarding color was different from the initial trained color. In a second experiment, memory decay was compared for butterflies trained according to two schedules: ‘single training’ (sucrose solution in red vs. water in blue artificial flowers in one 15‐min session per day) or ‘intermittent training’ (as above, but in two 7.5‐min sessions per day). Afterwards, butterflies were tested on alternate days for a week in arrays containing unrewarding models of both colors. Following either training schedule, memory persisted for at least 3 d after reinforcement ceased. Our findings reveal that monarchs are able to change their feeding responses according to the flowers’ reward status despite innate preferences, as well as to retain flower information for about half a week regardless of the conditioning dynamics.
Isolation of human MHC class II‐restricted T cell receptors from the autologous T‐cell repertoire with potent anti‐leukaemic reactivity
Authors: Weigand Luise U , Liang Xiaoling , Schmied Sabine , Mall Sabine , Klar Richard , Stötzer Oliver J , Salat Christoph , Götze Katharina , Mautner Josef , Peschel Christian , Krackhardt Angela M 
Published: October 2012

SummaryAdoptive transfer of T cells genetically modified with tumour‐specific T‐cell receptors (TCR) is a promising novel approach in the treatment of cancer. We have previously isolated an allorestricted MHC class I‐restricted TCR with specificity for Formin‐like protein 1 (FMNL1) with potent activity against chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. CD4+ T cells have been described to be highly important for tumour elimination although TCR derived from CD4+ T cells with anti‐tumour reactivity have been only rarely described. In this study we aimed to isolate MHC class‐II‐restricted CD4+ T cells and TCR with specificity for leukaemia antigens. We used professional antigen‐presenting cells pulsed with the leukaemia‐associated and tumour‐associated antigen FMNL1 for stimulation of autologous T cells in vitro. We isolated two CD4+ HLA‐DR‐restricted T‐cell clones and T‐cell‐derived TCR with so far unknown specificity but high reactivity against lymphoma cells and native malignant cells derived from HLA‐matched patients with diverse leukaemias. Moreover, characterization of the TCR after TCR gene transfer revealed that specific characteristics of isolated TCR as reactivity in response to Toll‐like receptors were transferable on effector cells. Our results have a major impact on the development of novel immunotherapies. They demonstrate that TCR with potent HLA‐DR‐restricted anti‐leukaemic reactivity against so far undefined self‐restricted antigens can be isolated from the healthy autorestricted CD4+ T‐cell repertoire and these TCR are highly interesting candidate tools for novel immunotherapies.
Modernisation through ICTs: towards a network ontology of technological change
Authors: Faik Isam , Walsham Geoff 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article is concerned with modernisation as a prevalent discourse of association between technological change on the one hand and social, economic and political changes on the other. We discuss modernisation as a concept that spans several domains of change including national development, organisational change and epistemological shift. These domains are often categorised into stacked levels, namely the national, the organisational and the individual, or divided into a domain of action and an overarching context. We argue in this paper that an assumption of embeddedness underlies many of these dominant approaches and we identify three issues with this assumption, namely reductionism, unidirectional causality and marginalisation. We draw from the ontological and methodological principles of actor‐network theory to suggest a shift towards a more fluid view of the dynamics between the different domains of change. We support our discussion by a case study of the modernisation of the justice system in Morocco, including a national computerisation project of case processing in the courts.
Agricultural irrigation mediates climatic effects and density dependence in population dynamics of Chinese striped hamster in North China Plain
Authors: Yan Chuan , Xu Lei , Xu Tongqin , Cao Xiaoping , Wang Fusheng , Wang Shuqing , Hao Shoushen , Yang Hefang , Zhang Zhibin 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Several studies show that climatic (extrinsic) factors can interact with density‐dependent (intrinsic) factors to alter long‐term population dynamics, yet there is a surprising lack of investigations of how anthropogenic disturbance modifies such dynamics. Such interactions could be especially important in agricultural systems subject to climate change.
We investigated the effects of density dependence, climate, recurrent disturbance from flood irrigation and their interactions on the population dynamics of an important rodent pest, the Chinese striped hamster (Cricetulus barabensis), over 27 years in the croplands of the North China Plain.
Strong density‐dependent feedbacks occurred at both annual and seasonal scales. While warmer weather increased population sizes in nonbreeding seasons, this effect was counteracted by the negative effect of flood irrigation in breeding seasons. Precipitation showed significant positive effects in nonbreeding seasons, but negative effects in breeding seasons.
There were important interactions between intrinsic dynamics, extrinsic dynamics and disturbance. Low temperature significantly increased the strength of density dependence in nonbreeding seasons, whereas intensification of flood irrigation area significantly increased the strength of density dependence but reduced the effect of summer precipitation in breeding seasons.
Overall climate change is expected to increase population levels, but anthropogenic disturbance from flood irrigation will help prevent long‐term population increases. The interactions between anthropogenic disturbance and both intrinsic and extrinsic (weather‐driven) population dynamics caution that we need to consider anthropogenic disturbance as an integral component of population responses to climate change.
Three‐dimensional analysis of cell nucleus structures visualized by confocal scanning laser microscopy
Authors: Kett P. , Geiger B. , Ehemann V. , Komitowski D. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYStudies of the three‐dimensional (3‐D) organization of cell nuclei are becoming increasingly important for the understanding of basic cellular events such as growth and differentiation. Modern methods of molecular biology, including in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, allow the visualization of specific nuclear structures and the study of spatial arrangements of chromosome domains in interphase nuclei. Specific methods for labelling nuclear structures are used to develop computerized techniques for the automated analysis of the 3‐D organization of cell nuclei. For this purpose, a coordinate system suitable for the analysis of tri‐axial ellipsoidal nuclei is determined. High‐resolution 3‐D images are obtained using confocal scanning laser microscopy. The results demonstrate that with these methods it is possible to recognize the distribution of visualized structures and to obtain useful information regarding the 3‐D organization of the nuclear structure of different cell systems.
Study of the fractal character of surfaces by scanning tunnelling microscopy: Errors and limitations
Authors: Aguilar M. , Anguiano E. , Vázquez F. , Pancorbo M. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThe possibility of using the intrinsic three‐dimensional imaging capability of scanning tunnelling microscopes to study the fractal character of surfaces by Mandelbrot's method of ‘filling’ with water up to a given height is discussed. By plotting on a log‐log plot the area against the perimeter of the ‘lakes' that appear, the fractal dimension is obtained from the slope of the straight line fitting the data points. The possible errors and limitations of the method are discussed from results obtained from both simulated and real surfaces. The effect of noise and resolution in the scanning tunnelling microscope on the calculation of the fractal dimension is also discussed.
Multi‐Layered Automultiscopic Displays
Authors: Ranieri Nicola , Heinzle Simon , Smithwick Quinn , Reetz Daniel , Smoot Lanny S. , Matusik Wojciech , Gross Markus 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOur hybrid display model combines multiple automultiscopic elements volumetrically to support horizontal and vertical parallax at a larger depth of field and better accommodation cues compared to single layer elements. In this paper, we introduce a framework to analyze the bandwidth of such display devices. Based on this analysis, we show that multiple layers can achieve a wider depth of field using less bandwidth compared to single layer displays. We present a simple algorithm to distribute an input light field to multiple layers, and devise an efficient ray tracing algorithm for synthetic scenes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by both software simulation and two corresponding hardware prototypes.
Adaptive Cross‐sections of Anatomical Models
Authors: Díaz J. , Monclús E. , Navazo I. , Vázquez P. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMedical illustrations have been used for a long time for teaching and communicating information for diagnosis or surgery planning. Illustrative visualization systems create methods and tools that adapt traditional illustration techniques to enhance the result of renderings. Clipping the volume is a popular operation in volume rendering for inspecting the inner parts, though it may remove some information of the context that is worth preserving. In this paper we present a new editing technique based on the use of clipping planes, direct structure extrusion, and illustrative methods, which preserves the context by adapting the extruded region to the structures of interest of the volumetric model. We will show that users may interactively modify the clipping plane and edit the structures to highlight, in order to easily create the desired result. Our approach works with segmented volume models and non‐segmented ones. In the last case, a local segmentation is performed on‐the‐fly. We will demonstrate the efficiency and utility of our method.
Desire for control and optimistic time predictions
Authors: HALKJELSVIK TORLEIF , ROGNALDSEN MAREN , TEIGEN KARL HALVOR 
Published: October 2012

Halkjelsvik, T., Rognaldsen, M. & Teigen, K. H. (2012). Desire for control and optimistic time predictions. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 499–505.Few studies have investigated individual differences in time predictions. We report two experiments that show an interaction between the personality trait Desirability of Control and reward conditions on predictions of performance time. When motivated to perform a task quickly, participants with a strong desire for control produced more optimistic predictions than those with a weaker desire for control. This effect could also be observed for a completely uncontrollable task. The results are discussed in relation to the finding that power produces more optimistic predictions, and extend this work by ruling out some previously suggested explanations.
Community implementation of PMTO™: Impacts on referrals to specialist services and schools
Authors: SIGMARSDÓTTIR MARGRÉT , BJÖRNSDÓTTIR ANNA 
Published: October 2012

Sigmarsdóttir, M. & Björnsdóttir, A. (2012). Community implementation of PMTO™: Impacts on referrals to specialist services and schools. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 506–511.In 2000, the city of Hafnarfjörður, Iceland, implemented Parent Management Training – Oregon Model (PMTO™) to prevent and treat behavioral problems among children. This paper describes the implementation and findings regarding impacts in the community. As hypothesized, findings showed that the number of referrals to specialist services decreased in Hafnarfjörður following PMTO implementation and increased in two comparison communities not implementing the method. Within the Hafnarfjörður community, recorded instances of behavior problems reduced in elementary schools working in line with PMTO. The results presented are the first such findings in Iceland and suggest the kinds of systematic changes communities may experience following the implementation of an evidence‐based program.
Fertility Cycles, Age Structure and Housing Demand
Authors: Malmberg Bo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSince the early 1990s, a number of researchers have put forward evidence of strong demographic effects on housing demands. More recently, a number of studies have pointed to the effect of housing market conditions on family formation. This implies that housing markets are influenced by population change, but also that the housing market conditions influence population change. In this study, a model of demographic effects on the housing market that has been estimated on regional panel data will be used to explore these interrelationships. First, it is shown that the age effects identified in sub‐national data are present also in cross‐national data. Second, it is shown that high demographic pressure on house prices is associated with low fertility. The findings are discussed in relation to the Easterlin's hypothesis about the effects of cohort crowding on fertility. In Easterlin's model, cohort effects on earnings drive fertility shifts. The analysis presented, herein, indicates that cohort effects in the housing market can be equally important. Finally, the estimated models are used to outline possible future trends in house prices and fertility. The results indicate that house price increases can slow down and that there can be some recovery from very low fertility rates.
The Impact of Population Ageing on House Prices: A Micro‐simulation Approach
Authors: Chen Yu , Gibb Kenneth , Leishman Chris , Wright Robert 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study attempts to estimate the impact of population ageing on house prices. There is considerable debate about whether population ageing puts downwards or upwards pressure on house prices. The empirical approach differs from earlier studies of this relationship, which are mainly regression analyses of macro time‐series data. A micro‐simulation methodology is adopted that combines a macro‐level house price model with a micro‐level household formation model. The case study is Scotland, a country that is expected to age rapidly in the future. The parameters of the household formation model are estimated with panel data from the British Household Panel Survey covering the period 1999–2008. The estimates are then used to carry out a set of simulations. The simulations are based on a set of population projections that represent a considerable range in the rate of population ageing. The main finding from the simulations is that population ageing – or more generally changes in age structure – is not likely a main determinant of house prices, at least in Scotland.
Pedagogy Beyond Piracy: Un‐Learning the White Body to Recreate a Body of Learning
Authors: Perkinson James W. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis essay highlights a range of questions that arise when white suburban students engage urban neighborhoods of poverty and color in the United States. How can involvement in an “other” context move beyond “educational tourism”? The essay presents a pedagogical style that raises questions of the kind of socialized body one inhabits: either one shaped by presumptions of control and rights of academic observation, or one mobilized to risk involvement in a differently communalized episteme. And while the pedagogy described may not be replicable by faculty who do not share the author's background or cross‐cultural orientation, the rhetorical style of the essay itself enacts the tensions that this pedagogy contends with: the efforts of a white male educator – altered by decades of inner city involvement – to open “white” space in the classroom to other norms of embodiment and other modes of learning. Here is the necessity and impossibility of moving beyond “educational tourism.”
Helping Students Navigate Faith Challenges in the Biblical Studies Classroom
Authors: Sharp Carolyn J. , Clark‐Soles Jaime 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWhat happens when students encounter the academic study of the Bible in the seminary or undergraduate classroom? Does a teacher have a responsibility to help students navigate challenges to Christian faith that might arise? What pedagogical problems and opportunities does this encounter present? How does this issue manifest differently in undergraduate compared to theological school classrooms? And how are the issues different for students with a strong personal faith commitment compared to students who have never considered the Bible to be relevant to their understanding of themselves and the world? At the 2010 national conference of the Society of Biblical Literature two theological educators, who recently published introductory textbooks, provided brief presentations on this issue. The audience then broke into ten separate conversations roughly organized by institutional type before reconvening for a plenary discussion. The transcript of the presentations and discussion provided here surfaces and juxtaposes the many varied and rich positions that are possible in this topic.
Are Knowledge‐intensive Services Highly Concentrated? Evidence from European Regions
Authors: Merino Fernando , Rubalcaba Luis 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTKnowledge‐intensive services (KIS) are important activities for regional growth and considered to be located at the top of urban and regional hierarchies. However, the widespread use of information and communication technologies (ICT) may lead to a higher degree of decentralisation. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the geographical distribution of KIS across European regions, highlighting some important patterns. Our results confirm that the location of KIS remains linked to regions with a high international profile but, contrary to what some previous studies have suggested, the relative concentration of KIS is rather low. However, important differences exist depending on the type of KIS, the country analysed and the comparative statistical level. Recent trends also present uneven results, but show a higher concentration of business services‐related KIS. The importance of tacit knowledge may play a role in explaining this result.
Changing Spatial Concentration of Sectoral Employment in China's Pearl River Delta 1990–2005
Authors: Cheng Fangfang , Boerboom Luc , Geertman Stan , Hooimeijer Pieter 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTUsing county‐level employment data, we analyse how the spatial concentration of jobs has changed in China's Pearl River Delta (PRD) between 1990 and 2005. Despite unique Chinese policies that exhibit strong influence on the economic landscape, we detect key parallels with the patterns found in classic theories and empirical studies in Western contexts. Total employment has become increasingly concentrated. This aggregate picture hides important sectoral variations though: manufacturing employment has spread out to suburban areas; producer service jobs have increasingly concentrated in metropolitan centres; and consumer and public services have clustered in areas with high aggregate population. We argue that the major forces that are shaping the economic landscape in PRD are the market institutions and development path‐dependency. Under the circumstances of an increasingly liberalised market and decentralised government, policy now may function as a dynamic tool to magnify local spatial‐economic and historical advantages and to balance uneven regional development.
BENCHMARKING THE QUALITY OF GEOWEB: INFORMATION AND TACIT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT RESTAURANTS IN THREE ITALIAN CITIES
Authors: PARADISO MARIA 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTIf information and communication technologies are contributing to the attenuation of the force of destiny towards opportunities for individuals and places, then some applications, together with practices of ranking, mapping and delivering the representation of place will be concerned with how codes or practices in cyberspace negatively or positively shape our world. This paper examines the quality of geo‐web information from ‘Google maps’ applied to the empirical case of the Italian cities of Benevento, Bologna and Siena. It interprets data using a three‐level benchmarking of information‐listing generated by web queries of localised services: the Google geocoded Internet, Yellow Pages, and tacit knowledge. The implications of the on‐line/off‐line visibility of local enterprises for local development actions, and the implications of hidden filters and ranking within the framework of the contemporary global information society will be outlined. Furthermore, an assessment model of the ‘geoquality’ of geocoded Internet spatial information is developed.
DEBATING TOTALITARIANISM: AN EXCHANGE OF LETTERS BETWEEN HANNAH ARENDT AND ERIC VOEGELIN
Authors: BAEHR PETER , WELLS GORDON C. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTIn 1952, Waldemar Gurian, founding editor of The Review of Politics, commissioned Eric Voegelin, then a professor of political science at Louisiana State University, to review Hannah Arendt's recently published The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951). She was given the right to reply; Voegelin would furnish a concluding note. Preceding this dialogue, Voegelin wrote a letter to Arendt anticipating aspects of his review; she responded in kind. Arendt's letter to Voegelin on totalitarianism, written in German, has never appeared in print before. She wrote two drafts of it, the first and longest being the more interesting. It contained an early reference to her thinking about the relationship among plurality, politics, and philosophy. It also invoked her notion of the compelling “logic” of totalitarian ideology. But this was not the letter Voegelin received. Because of this, he misunderstood significant parts of her argument. Below, the two versions of Arendt's letter are translated. They are prefaced by a translation of Voegelin's initial message to Arendt. An introduction compares Arendt's letters, offers context, and provides a snapshot of Arendt's and Voegelin's perceptions of each other. Their views of political religion and human nature are also highlighted. Keyed to Arendt and Voegelin's letters are pertinent aspects of the debate in The Review of Politics that followed their epistolary exchange.