bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyse du statut oxydatif spermatique chez des patients infertiles
Authors: Ben Ali H. , Atig F. , Mehri S. , Saad A. , Ajina M. 
Published: October 2012

RésuméIntroductionL’infertilité masculine constitue un problème de santé publique. Plusieurs facteurs sont à l’origine de ce phénomène. Actuellement, le stress oxydatif est incriminé comme l’une des principales causes. Dans notre étude, nous avons cherché une corrélation entre les marqueurs du stress oxydatif et les caractéristiques spermatiques (numération, mobilité, morphologie).Matériel et méthodesNous avons évalué le statut oxydatif spermatique de 129 sujets infertiles. Ces sujets sont caractérisés par une infertilité de durée variable. Ils ont été subdivisés en quatre groupes: des sujets normozoospermiques considérés comme témoins (n=34); des asthénozoospermiques (Asthéno, n=43); des oligozoospermiques (Oligo, n=22) et tératozoospermiques (Térato, n=30). Parmi les marqueurs du stress oxydatif, nous avons évalué, dans le plasma séminal, le zinc, le calcium, le magnésium et le sélénium par spectrométrie d’absorption atomique à flamme et à four. Le malondialdéhyde (MDA) est dosé par spectrofluorométrie.RésultatsLes résultats de notre étude montrent que les concentrations séminales du zinc et du sélénium sont plus élevées chez les normozoospermiques que les concentrations de ces mêmes éléments chez les autres groupes. La concentration séminale en zinc est significativement corrélée avec la numération spermatique (r=0,49; p<0,001) et le MDA (r=−0,35; p<0,05). La mobilité des spermatozoïdes est corrélée avec le calcium (r=0,41; p<0,001) et le magnésium (r=0,31; p<0,05). La concentration du MDA est plus élevée chez les trois groupes de patients: oligospermiques (3,22±1,37 μg/ml), asthénospermiques (3,52±1,93 μg/ml) et tératospermiques (3,64±1,73 μg/ml) par rapport aux témoins (2,32±0,94 μg/ml). Une seule corrélation positive a été observée entre le MDA et la morphologie (r=0,19; p<0,05).ConclusionNotre étude confirme que le stress oxydatif joue un rôle important dans le processus des altérations des spermatozoïdes. Les radicaux libres peuvent, en effet, modifier la structure membranaire ainsi que celle de l’acide désoxyribonucléique. Ces altérations conduisent aussi à une augmentation du pourcentage de spermatozoïdes de formes anormales.
Treatment of post-traumatic pain, and autonomic and muscular dysfunction by ganglion impar block and medial branch block of the facet joints: A case report
Authors: Hambræus Johan , Westergren Hans 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Patients exposed to whiplash trauma are at risk of developing pain and dysfunction of the neck and shoulder. Although rarely discussed in the literature, some patients also develop autonomic dysfunction.

Case presentation
A previously healthy 41-year-old woman was involved in a “head-on” car crash. During the following 3 years she developed severe and complex post-traumatic pain syndrome, which consisted of neck pain, lumbar pain, sensory-motor dysfunction, and myoclonic muscular contractions. Despite pharmacotherapy, physiotherapy, and rehabilitation, her condition worsened, resulting in severe disability. Fourteen years after the car crash, an interventional pain therapy program was started, which consisted of sympathetic ganglion impar block and medial branch blocks of facet joints at different levels. These treatment strategies ultimately normalized her sensory-motor dysfunction, reduced her autonomic dysfunction, and stopped the myoclonic muscular contractions.

Conclusion
This case highlights a possible interaction between the pain-generating facet joints, the somatosensory nervous system, and the autonomic/sympathetic nervous systems. The case also highlights the importance of identifying autonomic dysfunction in patients with persisting pain syndromes.

Implications
This complex case shows that many clinical phenomena cannot be explained using our present knowledge of pain mechanisms. We hope that readers who have observed similar cases can learn from our case, and are encouraged to publish their observations.
RELIABILISM: HOLISTIC OR SIMPLE?
Authors: Dunn Jeffrey 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSimple versions of Reliabilism about justification say thatS's believing thatpis justified if and only if the belief was produced by a belief-forming process that is reliable above some high threshold. Alvin Goldman, inEpistemology and Cognition, argues for a more complex version of the view according to which it is total epistemic systems that are assessed for reliability, rather than individual processes. Why prefer this more complex version of Reliabilism? Two reasons suggest themselves. First, it seems that the interaction of various processes of belief formation is often important. The more complex version appears to account for the interaction of processes. Second, one might doubt whether individual processes will have determinate truth-ratios. If not, the simple version of Reliabilism is a nonstarter. In this paper I argue that, despite these two apparent advantages, the complex version of Reliabilism is untenable. I conclude by arguing that the simple version is actually fine as it is.
HOW TO BE A REDUNDANT REALIST
Authors: Sylvan Kurt L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn Group Agency, List and Pettit (L&P) defend ‘non-redundant realism’ about group agency, a view on which (A) facts about group agents are not ‘readily reducible’ to facts about individuals, and (B) the dependence of group agents on individuals is so holistic that one cannot predict facts about group agents on the basis of facts about their members. This paper undermines L&P's case in three stages. §1 shows that L&P's core argument is invalid. L&P infer (A) and (B) from two facts: (1) that group agents must often believe what few members personally believe, and (2) that a group agent's beliefs in certain propositions must often ‘depend on’ member attitudes to distinct propositions. I note that (2) is ambiguous, and that the only true reading of it is irrelevant to the status of (A). I argue further that (1) cannot support (A), since a group agent's belief in P may neatly constitutively depend on member attitudes to P that are weaker than personal belief. §2 makes this idea concrete with a plausible toy theory of group belief that implies it. While this kind of theory is popular in the literature on joint belief, L&P never discuss it – a striking fact, since it explains why (1) is true. Having made these points, I turn to argue in §3 that (B) is either false or uncontroversial.
Inconsistent genetic structure among members of a multitrophic system: did bruchid parasitoids (Horismenusspp.) escape the effects of bean domestication?
Authors: Laurin-Lemay S. , Angers B. , Benrey B. , Brodeur J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAnthropogenic range expansion and cultural practices have modified the distribution, abundance and genetic diversity of domesticated organisms, thereby altering multitrophic assemblages through space and time. The putative Mesoamerican domestication centre of the common bean,Phaseolus vulgarisL., in Mexico allows investigating the effects of plant domestication on the genetic structure of members of a multitrophic system. The aim of this study was to compare the evolutionary history ofHorismenusparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to those of their bruchid beetle hosts (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and their domesticated host plant (P. vulgaris), in the context of traditional agriculture in Mexico. We analyzed the population genetic structure of fourHorismenusspecies in Mexico using mitochondrialCOIhaplotype data. The two most abundant parasitoid species wereHorismenus depressusandHorismenus missouriensis. Horismenus missouriensiswere infected byWolbachiaendosymbionts and had little to no population differentiation (FST = 0.06). We suspect the mitochondrial history ofH. missouriensisto be blurred byWolbachia, because differentiation among infected vs. non-infected individuals exists (FST = 0.11). Populations ofH. depressuswere found to be highly differentiated (FST = 0.34), but the genetic structuring could not be explained by tested spatial components. We then compared the genetic structure observed in this parasitoid species to previously published studies on bruchid beetles and their host plants. Despite extensive human-mediated migration and likely population homogenization of its twoAcanthoscelidesbruchid beetle hosts,H. depressuspopulations are structured like its host plant, by a recent dispersal from a diverse ancestral gene pool. Distinct evolutionary dynamics may explain inconsistent patterns among trophic levels. Parasitoids likely migrate from wild bean populations and are poorly adapted to bean storage conditions similar to their bruchid beetle hosts. Integrating several trophic levels to the study of evolutionary history has proven to be fruitful in detecting different ecological responses to human-mediated disturbances and host parasite interactions.
Spatial and temporal variability of sea ambient noise as an anthropogenic pressure index: the case of the Cres-Lošinj archipelago, Croatia
Authors: Rako Nikolina , Picciulin Marta , Vilibić Ivica , Fortuna Caterina M. 
Published: October 2012

This study monitors the spatial and temporal variability of sea ambient noise (SAN) in the Cres-Lošinj archipelago from 2007 to 2009 (north-eastern Adriatic Sea, Croatia). The archipelago is an important marine habitat for many protected species, including the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) that is considered as vulnerable to disturbance from intense local vessel traffic. Systematic monthly sampling of SAN was carried out at ten predefined acoustic stations. Data on the presence, type and distance of vessels from these stations was also collected during sampling and vessels were allocated into four main classes. A sample of noise produced by a representative vessel of each vessel class was collected and the noise levels were extracted on the 1/3 octave band standard centre frequencies. All the recordings were analysed in terms of instantaneous sound pressure level (LLSP, L-weighted, 63 Hz–20 kHz, root mean square fast). The equivalent continuous sound pressure levels (LLeq) for vessel and SAN were calculated averaging the LLSP of vessel and SAN samples. Results indicate an increase of SAN levels particularly in the range of low frequencies (63 Hz–1 kHz) during the tourist season. A positive relationship was found between the spatial and temporal distribution of SAN and seasonal changes in anthropogenic pressure, in terms of vessel traffic. Potential implications for local marine life, with particular reference to bottlenose dolphins, are discussed.
A review and assessment of nature reserve policy in China: advances, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Xu Jiliang , Zhang Zhengwang , Liu Wenjing , McGowan Philip J. K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThere were 2,541 nature reserves accounting for c. 15% of China's land territory by 2009. As nature reserves hold the majority of the country's wildlife they play a fundamental role in protecting the country's biodiversity. National policies relevant to nature reserves have had a positive effect on biodiversity although these policies are now facing increasing challenges. We reviewed the development of relevant policy and legislation and identify and assess challenges, using a questionnaire survey and personal interviews. The main challenges identified and assessed included lack of harmonization between government departments, between nature reserves and other protected area designations, and between nature reserves and local communities. In addition, recent transfers of responsibilities between government entities, potential impacts of forest tenure reforms, and issues surrounding natural resource use and ecotourism were identified. These obstacles could undermine the achievements of biodiversity conservation in China if they are not addressed soon. Given these findings, we make recommendations to guide future policy formulation in relation to nature reserve management and development.
Arboreal camera trapping for the Critically Endangered greater bamboo lemurProlemur simus
Authors: Olson Erik R. , Marsh Ryan A. , Bovard Brittany N. , Randrianarimanana H. L. Lucien , Ravaloharimanitra Maholy , Ratsimbazafy Jonah H. , King Tony 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCamera traps are standard tools for assessing populations of medium–large terrestrial mammals, particularly for rare, elusive or cryptic species, yet few researchers have attempted to employ camera traps to document rare primates in arboreal settings. We examined different arboreal camera-trap techniques to document the Critically Endangered greater bamboo lemurProlemur simusin Madagascar. We documentedP. simusat two sites, confirming presence at one site. Most species, including 86% of all lemur occurrences, were documented in low light conditions (c. < 105 lux). Our study suggests that camera traps can be effective in validating unconfirmed sightings of rare or secretive primate species. We recommend that future work with cameras in arboreal settings considers seasonal activity patterns, targets sites with high food densities, uses local knowledge, and utilizes available techniques (e.g. traditional trapping techniques) and landscape topography to concentrate animal movement (e.g. steep slopes or ridge lines).
Confessions of a Sceptical Francophile
Authors: Scruton Roger 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn post-war France we have witnessed an upsurge in philosophical and quasi-philosophical literature, much of it nonsense and all of it radically politicised. What is the explanation of this? I advance the thesis that the post-1968 literary scene expresses a bid for a new kind of social membership, and that it is the hunger for membership that explains not only the intellectual structure of this literature but also its world-wide influence. I also suggest that there survives in this literature both an intellectual agenda and a historical memory, in which the war-time experience of France is all-important. In the course of my argument I try to explain the radical difference between analytical philosophy, which permits its practitioners to have unorthodox (i.e. non-left-wing) political views, and a particular post-war French intellectual tradition, which has until recently allowed no such deviation from its tacit norms.
Russell on Knowledge of Universals by Acquaintance
Authors: Giaquinto M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRussell's book The Problems of Philosophy was first published a hundred years ago.1 A remarkable feature of this enduring text is the glint of Platonism it presents on a dark empiricist sea: while our knowledge of physical objects is entirely mediated by direct awareness of sense data, we can also have direct awareness of certain universals, Russell claims.2 This is questionable, even if one has no empiricist inclination. Universals are abstract, hence causally inert. How, then, can we have any knowledge of them, direct or indirect? This paper is about Russell's answer to that question. I will argue that given some modification and elaboration of Russell's views, his claim that some universals are knowable by acquaintance is plausible.
Tabula Rasaand Human Nature
Authors: Duschinsky Robert 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIt is widely believed that the philosophical concept of ‘tabula rasa’ originates with Locke'sEssay Concerning Human Understandingand refers to a state in which a child is as formless as a blank slate. Given that both these beliefs are entirely false, this article will examine why they have endured from the eighteenth century to the present. Attending to the history of philosophy, psychology, psychiatry and feminist scholarship it will be shown how the image of thetabula rasahas been used to signify an originary state of formlessness, against which discourses on the true nature of the human being can differentiate their position. Thetabula rasahas operated less as a substantive position than as a whipping post. However, it will be noted that innovations in psychological theory over the past decade have begun to undermine such narratives by rendering unintelligible the idea of an ‘originary’ state of human nature.
Between Autonomy and State Regulation: J.S. Mill's Elastic Paternalism
Authors: Cohen-Almagor Raphael 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper analyses J.S. Mill's theory on the relationships between individual autonomy and State powers. It will be argued that there is a significant discrepancy between Mill's general liberal statements aimed to secure individual largest possible autonomy and the specific examples which provide the government with quite wide latitude for interference in the public and private spheres. The paper outlines the boundaries of government interference in the Millian theory. Subsequently it describes Mill's elastic paternalism designed to prevent people from inflicting harm upon others as well as upon themselves, from soft paternalism on issues like compulsory education to hard paternalism on very private matters such as marriage, having children, and divorce by consent.
A 20-year multi-follow-up of hallucinations in schizophrenia, other psychotic, and mood disorders
Authors: Goghari V. M. , Harrow M. , Grossman L. S. , Rosen C. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundHallucinations are a major aspect of psychosis and a diagnostic feature of both psychotic and mood disorders. However, the field lacks information regarding the long-term course of hallucinations in these disorders. Our goals were to determine the percentage of patients with hallucinations and the relationship between hallucinations and recovery, and work attainment.MethodThe present study was a prospective evaluation of the 20-year trajectory of hallucinations in 150 young patients: 51 schizophrenia, 25 schizoaffective, 25 bipolar with psychosis, and 49 unipolar depression. The patients were studied at an index phase of hospitalization for hallucinations, and then reassessed longitudinally at six subsequent follow-ups over 20 years.ResultsThe longitudinal course of hallucinations clearly differentiated between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychosis, and suggested some diagnostic similarities between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, and between bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder and depression. Frequent or persistent hallucinatory activity over the 20-year period was a feature of 40–45% of schizophrenia patients. The early presence of hallucinations predicted the lack of future periods of recovery in all patients. Increased hallucinatory activity was associated with reduced work attainment in all patients.ConclusionsThis study provides data on the prospective longitudinal course of hallucinations, which were previously unavailable to the field, and are one of the key features of psychosis in major psychiatric disorders. This information on the clinical course of major psychiatric disorders can inform accurate classification and diagnosis.
Seed germination, hydrothermal time models and the effects of global warming on a threatened high Andean tree species
Authors: Gareca Edgar E. , Vandelook Filip , Fernández Milton , Hermy Martin , Honnay Olivier 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSeed germination is a crucial event in a plant's life cycle. Because temperature and water availability are important regulators of seed germination, this process will likely be influenced by global warming. Insight into the germination process under global warming is thus crucial, and requires the study of a wide range of water availability and temperature conditions. As hydrothermal time (HTT) models evaluate seed germination for any combination of water potential and temperature, they can be suitable to predict global warming effects on seed germination. We studied the germination characteristics of the high Andean endemic tree speciesPolylepis besseri(Rosaceae), using HTT models. We were especially interested in the potential effects of global warming on seed germination. Assembly of HTT models forP. besseriwas fairly straightforward due to the lack of a seed dormancy mechanism. The models allowed prediction ofPolylepisgermination under constant and alternating temperatures. Initially, a global warming induced increase in the field minimum and mean temperature will increaseP. besserigermination, but as maximum temperatures rise above the optimum temperature for the species, seed germination will become jeopardized. Effects of global warming on seed germination are currently considerably underexplored. HTT models prove to be useful tools to study a plant species' general germination characteristics, and how they may become affected under global warming. For the endemic mountain tree speciesP. besseri, we predict an increase, followed by a decrease of seed germination under global warming.
Framework for Research on Children's Reactions to Disasters and Terrorist Events
Authors: Pfefferbaum Betty , Noffsinger Mary A. , Sherrieb Kathleen , Norris Fran H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractClinical work and research relative to child mental health during and following disaster are especially challenging due to the complex child maturational processes and family and social contexts of children's lives. The effects of disasters and terrorist events on children and adolescents necessitate diligent and responsible preparation and implementation of research endeavors. Disasters present numerous practical and methodological barriers that may influence the selection of participants, timing of assessments, and constructs being investigated. This article describes an efficient approach to guide both novice and experienced researchers as they prepare to conduct disaster research involving children. The approach is based on five fundamental research questions: “Why?, Who?, When?, What?, andHow?” Addressing each of the “fourWs” will assist researchers in determining “How” to construct and implement a study from start to finish. A simple diagram of the five questions guides the reader through the components involved in studying children's reactions to disasters. The use of this approach is illustrated with examples from disaster mental health studies in children, thus simultaneously providing a review of the literature.PfefferbaumB,NoffsingerMA,SherriebK,FranH.,NorrisFH..Framework for research on children's reactions to disasters and terrorist events.Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(6):1-10.
An intense traveling airglow front in the upper mesosphere–lower thermosphere with characteristics of a bore observed over Alice Springs, Australia, during a strong 2 day wave episode
Authors: Walterscheid R. L. , Hecht J. H. , Gelinas L. J. , Hickey M. P. , Reid I. M. 
Published: October 2012

The Aerospace Corporation's Nightglow Imager observed a large step function change in airglow in the form of a traveling front in the OH Meinel (OHM) and O2atmospheric (O2A) airglow emissions over Alice Springs, Australia, on 2 February 2003. The front exhibited nearly a factor of 2 stepwise increase in the OHM brightness and a stepwise decrease in the O2A brightness. There was significant (∼25 K) cooling behind the airglow fronts. The OHM airglow brightness behind the front was among the brightest for Alice Springs that we have measured in 7 years of observations. The event was associated with a strong phase‐locked 2 day wave (PL/TDW). We have analyzed the wave trapping conditions for the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere using a combination of data and empirical models and found that the airglow layers were located in a region of ducting. The PL/TDW‐disturbed wind profile was effective in supporting a high degree of ducting, whereas without the PL/TDW the ducting was minimal or nonexistent. The change in brightness in each layer was associated with a strong leading disturbance followed by a train of weak barely visible waves. In OHM the leading disturbance was an isolated disturbance resembling a solitary wave. The characteristics of the wave train suggest an undular bore with some turbulent dissipation at the leading edge.