bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Stable Stoichiometries of Sodium Chlorides.
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Oganov Artem R. , Goncharov Alexander F. , Zhu Qiang , Boulfelfel Salah Eddine , Lyakhov Andriy O. , Stavrou Elissaios , Somayazulu Maddury , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Konopkova Zuzana 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCubic and orthorhombic NaCl3 and two‐dimensional metallic tetragonal Na3Cl are prepared in a laser‐heated diamond anvil cell at 10 to 80 GPa in the Na—Cl system in the presence of excess chlorine and sodium.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of a 1D Chain‐Like Cu6 Substituted Sandwich‐Type Phosphotungstate with Pendant Dinuclear Cu‐Azido Complexes.
Authors: Li Yan‐Ying , Zhao Jun‐Wei , Wei Qi , Yang Bai‐Feng , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDark green block crystals of the new compound [Cu(en)2]{ [Cu2(en)2(N3)2(H2O)] 2 [Cu6(en)2(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2]}·6H2O are hydrothermally synthesized by the self‐assembly reaction of Na8[A‐β‐HPW9O34], Cu(NO3)2, en, NaN3, and H2O (autoclave, 120 °C, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of β‐Acylamino Nitroolefins: A New Approach to Chiral β‐Amino Nitroalkanes.
Authors: Zhou Ming , Dong Dejun , Zhu Baolin , Geng Huiling , Wang Yan , Zhang Xumu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBy using TangPhos as chiral ligand a series of β‐amino nitroalkanes are obtained in high yields and with good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Reduction of α,β,γ,δ‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Akagawa Kengo , Sen Jun , Kudo Kazuaki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA new resin‐supported peptide is applied as catalyst for the enantioselective reduction of α,β,γ,δ‐unsaturated aldehydes of type (I) with Hantzsch dihydropyridine.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydroascorbic Acid (DHAA) Capped Magnetite Nanoparticles as an Efficient Magnetic Organocatalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Aminonitriles and α‐Aminophosphonates.
Authors: Saberi Dariush , Cheraghi Samaneh , Mahdudi Samaneh , Akbari Jafar , Heydari Akbar 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe title catalyst is successfully employed for the Strecker reaction and the Kabachnik—Fields reaction to give α‐aminonitriles and phosphonates.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Allylation of Stabilized Phosphonium Ylides with Primary Allylic Amines.
Authors: Ma Xian‐Tao , Wang Yong , Dai Rui‐Han , Liu Cong‐Rong , Tian Shi‐Kai 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe allylation of phosphonium ylides with allylic amines in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 and B(OH)3 as a catalytic system followed by an one‐pot Wittig olefination with formaldehyde leads to desired (E)‐ketodienes.
ChemInform Abstract: Isocyanide‐Based Multicomponent Reactions: Synthesis of 2‐(1‐(Alkylcarbamoyl)‐2,2‐dicyanoethyl)‐N‐alkylbenzamide and 1,7‐Diazaspiro[4,4]nonane‐2,4‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: Soleimani Ebrahim , Zainali Mohsen , Ghasemi Neda , Notash Behrouz 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe four‐component reaction between 2‐formylbenzoic acid, malononitrile, isocyanides, and primary alkyl amines is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of N‐Alkoxyhydrazines and N‐Alkoxy‐N′,N′,N′‐trialkylhydrazinium Salts.
Authors: Shtamburg Vasiliy G. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Zubatyuk Roman I. , Shtamburg Victor V. , Tsygankov Alexander V. , Mazepa Alexander V. , Kadorkina Gulnara K. , Kostyanovsky Remir G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSome title compounds are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Effective Tandem Hydroformylation—Acetalization of Olefins Using a Long‐Life Broensted Acid—Rh Bifunctional Catalyst in Ionic Liquid—Alcohol Systems.
Authors: Jin Xin , Zhao Kun , Cui Feifei , Kong Fangfang , Liu Qiangqiang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe application of a zwitterionic phosphine ligand bearing an amino acid moiety is tested in the tandem hydroformylation—acetalization of alkenes (I), however, the reaction leads to a mixture of isomers (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Thioamides.
Authors: Rong Bin , Ding Lei , Yu Hailei , Yang Qin , Liu Xuliang , Xu Dongfang , Li Guisheng , Zhao Baoguo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA facile and mild method for the selective α‐monoallylation of thioamides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereocontrolled and Regiocontrolled Syntheses of Polyoxygenated [2.2.2]Oxabicyclic Synthons.
Authors: Slack Rachel D. , Siegler Maxime A. , Posner Gary H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractStarting from commercially available electron poor 2‐pyrones the synthesis of polyoxygenated cyclohexanes is reported via an inverse‐electron demand Diels—Alder cycloaddition with tert‐butyldimethylsilyl vinyl ether as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial/Antitubercular Activity Evaluation of Symmetrical trans‐Cyclohexane‐1,4‐diamine Derivatives.
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Kapoor Ekta , Singh Ramandeep , Kidwai Saqib , Kumbukgolla Widurana , Bhagat Sunita , Rawat Diwan S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA library of symmetrical trans‐cyclohexanediamine derivatives (IV) (27 examples) are synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Helical Oxidovanadium(IV) Salen‐Type Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Behavior.
Authors: Barman Sanmitra , Patil Smita , Desper John , Aikens Christine M. , Levy Christopher J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFour oxidovanadium complexes, e.g. DCAP and BNBA, are prepared and tested as chiral catalysts for the oxidation of thioanisole (I) to sulfoxide (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclization of Benzofuropyridines by the Action of Activated Alkynes in the Synthesis of Spiro[benzofuropyridines], Representatives of a New Class of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors.
Authors: Voskressensky L. G. , et al. et al. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBenzofuropyridine (VI) and spiro[benzofuropyridines] [(IX) and (XI)] are evaluated for their AChE (acetylcholinesterase) inhibition activities compared to galantamine as reference standard.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Spirooxindole 1′‐Nitro Pyrrolizidines with Five Concurrent Stereocenters under Aqueous Medium and Their Bioprospection Using the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo Model.
Authors: Puerto Galvis Carlos E. , Kouznetsov Vladimir V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTitle compounds (IV) (20 examples) are readily prepared by a catalyst‐free three‐component reaction of isatins (I) with prolines (II) and β‐nitrostyrenes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 7‐Phenyl‐7H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d][1,2,3]triazin‐4‐ol with Thionyl Chloride.
Authors: Khutova B. M. , Klyuchko S. V. , Gurenko A. O. , Vasilenko A. N. , Rusanov E. B. , Brovarets V. S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDepending on reaction conditions, different pyrazole derivatives are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted Imidazoles Using Supported Ionic Liquid‐Like Phase (SLLP) as a Green and Efficient Catalyst and Evaluation of Their anti‐Microbial Activity.
Authors: Jourshari Maryam Saffari , Mamaghani Manouchehr , Shirini Farhad , Tabatabaeian Khalil , Rassa Mehdi , Langari Hadiss 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot multicomponent route for the synthesis of trisubstituted imidazole derivatives (III) (9 examples) and (V) (5 examples) under ultrasonic irradiation or classical thermal conditions is developed using a supported ionic liquid‐like phase as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Strategy for the Construction of Substituted Benzoxazoles via a Tandem Oxidative Process.
Authors: Gu Lijun , Jin Cheng , Guo Junming , Zhang Lizhu , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA simple method is elaborated for the preparation of benzoxazoles (III) and (V) by iron‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization of 2‐aminophenols with methylarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Molecular Docking Studies of Some New 1,3,4‐Oxadiazolines Bearing 6‐Methylpyridine Moiety for Antimicrobial Property.
Authors: Shyma P. C. , Kalluraya Balakrishna , Peethambar S. K. , Telkar Sandeep , Arulmoli T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTitle compounds are obtained by a two‐step reaction giving hydrazones (III) and (VII), respectively which are next cyclized.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni‐Catalyzed [8 + 3] Cycloaddition of Tropones with 1,1‐Cyclopropanediesters.
Authors: Tejero Ruben , Ponce Alberto , Adrio Javier , Carretero Juan C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA variety of cycloheptapyran derivatives are synthesized via the title cycloaddition reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Aminotetrahydrothiopyrano[4,3‐b]pyran‐3‐carbonitrile Derivatives Using Mesoporous NH2‐MCM‐41.
Authors: Mirza‐Aghayan Maryam , Saravani Farhad , Tarlani Ali Akbar , Abaee Mohammad Saeed , Boukherroub Rabah 
Published: March 2014

Abstract11 Title compounds are prepared in the presence of mesoporous NH2‐MCM‐41.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Polysubstituted Isochromanes by Addition of ortho‐Lithiated Aryloxiranes to Enaminones.
Authors: Salomone Antonio , Perna Filippo Maria , Sassone Francesca Claudia , Falcicchio Aurelia , Bezensek Jure , Svete Jurij , Stanovnik Branko , Florio Saverio , Capriati Vito 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe lithiation of 2‐bromophenyloxiranes (I) followed by a reaction with enaminones (II) leads to diastereomeric isochromanes (III) and (IV), which are readily separable by column chromatography.
ChemInform Abstract: Inverse Electron Demand hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction in Preparing 1,4‐Benzodioxin from o‐Quinone and Enamine.
Authors: Zhang Jinsong , Taylor Chris , Bowman Erich , Savage‐Low Leo , Lodewyk Michael W. , Hanne Larry , Wu Guang 
Published: March 2014

Abstracto‐Quinones, generated by IBX oxidation of substituted phenols, undergo cycloaddition with enamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of Novel Quinazoline Derivatives of Sydnone.
Authors: Akbari Vikunjana K. , Kahar Ramprasad G. , Patel Keshav C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSome of the sydnone derivatives (II) (9 examples), especially derivatives (IId) and (IIg), show excellent antibacterial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3,7‐Triazapyrene: The First Case of Hetarylation of Benzene and Its Analogues.
Authors: Borovlev I. V. , Demidov O. P. , Borovlev I. I. , Saigakova N. A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe title compounds (II) undergo hetarylation by 1,3,7‐triazapyrene (I) via dihydrotriazapyrenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Mannich Bases of 7‐Piperazinylquinolones and Kojic Acid Derivatives: Synthesis, in vitro Antibacterial Activity and in silico Study.
Authors: Emami Saeed , Ghafouri Ebrahim , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali , Samadi Nasrin , Irannejad Hamid , Foroumadi Alireza 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEight title compounds of type (IV) are prepared and tested as antibacterials.
ChemInform Abstract: Superacid Synthesized Tertiary Benzenesulfonamides and Benzofuzed Sultams Act as Selective hCA IX Inhibitors: Toward Understanding a New Mode of Inhibition by Tertiary Sulfonamides.
Authors: Metayer Benoit , Martin‐Mingot Agnes , Vullo Daniella , Supuran Claudiu T. , Thibaudeau Sebastien 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA series of tertiary, fluorinated benzenesulfamides (II) is synthesized in superacid HSbF6.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient Approach to Substituted Triazolo[1,5‐a][1,4]benzodiazepines via Cu‐Catalyzed Tandem Ullmann C—N Coupling/Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Ganai Sintu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA ligand‐free protocol consisting of alkylation of propargylamines (II) with benzyl bromides of type (I) and subsequent intramolecular CuI‐catalyzed azide alkyne 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition offers a simple approach to triazolo‐fused benzodiazepines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a][1,6]benzodiazonines from Pyrrolo[1,2‐a][1,4]benzodiazepines and Alkynes Containing Electron‐Acceptor Substituents.
Authors: Voskressensky L. G. , Borisova T. N. , Babakhanova M. I. , Chervyakova T. M. , Titov A. A. , Butin A. V. , Nevolina T. A. , Khrustalev V. N. , Varlamov A. V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractReaction of pyrrolobenzodiazepines (I) with activated alkynes gives pyrrolo[1,2‐a][1,6]benzodiazonines as products of a diazepine ring expansion.
ChemInform Abstract: Spontaneous Dehydrogenation of 2‐Hydrazinoethyl‐ and 4‐Hydrazinobut‐2‐enylphosphonium Salts.
Authors: Ovakimyan M. Zh. , Gasparyan G. Ts. , Movsisyan M. L. , Grigoryan M. R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe reaction of phosphonium salt (III) under various reaction conditions is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Lingzhiols (I), Unprecedented Rotary Door‐Shaped Meroterpenoids as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of p‐Smad3 from Ganoderma lucidum.
Authors: Hou Fan‐Fan , et al. et al. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCompound (I) along with its enantiomer are isolated from the title mushroom.
ChemInform Abstract: Modern Microwave Methods in Solid‐State Inorganic Materials Chemistry: From Fundamentals to Manufacturing
Authors: Kitchen Helen J. , Vallance Simon R. , Kennedy Jennifer L. , Tapia‐Ruiz Nuria , Carassiti Lucia , Harrison Andrew , Whittaker A. Gavin , Drysdale Timothy D. , Kingman Samuel W. , Gregory Duncan H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractReview: 260 refs.
Enantioselective Nano Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Racemic Pharmaceuticals: A Facile One‐Pot In Situ Preparation of Lipase‐Based Polymer Monoliths in Capillary Format
Authors: Ahmed Marwa , Ghanem Ashraf 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTNew affinity monolithic capillary columns of 150 µm internal diameter were prepared in situ fused glass capillary via either immobilization or encapsulation of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) on or within polymer monoliths, respectively. The immobilized lipase‐based monoliths were prepared via copolymerization of 19.1% monomers (8.9% MMA and 10.2% GMA), 19.8% EDMA, and 61.1% porogens (54.2% formamide and 6.9% 1‐propanol) w/w or 20% GMA, 20% EDMA, and 60% porogens (51.6% cyclohexanol and 8.4% 1‐dodecanol) in the presence of AIBN (1%) as a radical initiator. This was followed by pumping a solution of lipase through the capillaries and rinsing with potassium phosphate buffer. On the other hand, the encapsulated lipase‐based monoliths were prepared via copolymerization of 20% monomers (GMA), 20% EDMA, and 60% porogens (48% 1‐propanol, 6% 1,4‐butanediol) or 16.4% monomers (16% BuMA, 0.4% SPMA), 23.6% EDMA, and 60% porogens (36% 1‐propanol, 18% 1,4‐butanediol along with 6% lipase aqueous solution in potassium phosphate buffer. The prepared capillary columns were investigated for the enantioselective nano liquid chromatographic separation of a set of different classes of racemic pharmaceuticals, namely, α‐ and β‐blockers, antiinflammatory drugs, antifungal drugs, dopamine antagonists, norepinephrine‐dopamine reuptake inhibitors, catecholamines, sedative hypnotics, diuretics, antihistaminics, anticancer drugs, and antiarrhythmic drugs. Run‐to‐run repeatability was quite satisfactory. The encapsulated lipase‐based capillary monolith showed better enantioselective separations of most of the investigated compounds. Baseline separation was achieved for alprenolol, atenolol, bromoglutithimide, carbuterol, chloropheneramine, cizolertine carbinol, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxymandelic acid, desmethylcizolertine, nomifensine, normetanephrine, and sulconazole under reversed phase chromatographic conditions. A speculation about the understanding of the chiral recognition mechanism of lipase‐based monoliths toward the investigated pharmaceuticals is discussed. Chirality 26:754–763, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Contribution and Associated Ecological Risk in the Coastal Zone Sediments of the Black Sea: Trabzon
Authors: Ozseker Koray , Eruz Coskun , Ciliz Sadi , Mani Furkan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this study, the natural and anthropogenic heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Co) pollution in coastal sediments near the city Trabzon which exhibits an increasing population and industrial activity in the Southeastern Black Sea Region, were investigated spatially and temporally. The sediment along the coast of Trabzon is influenced by three rivers, Degirmendere, Yanbolu, and Solakli, resulting in a spatial separation. The highest heavy metal sediment concentrations were measured in the section influenced by Solakli and the lowest at the sites affected by Yanbolu. Furthermore, a strong temporal trend was observed displaying the highest metal concentrations in autumn. With the purpose for determining the level of pollution, the methods of the factor of sediment enrichment factor, the index of pollution load, the index of geoaccumulation and sediment quality guideline were applied. Three research areas were heavily polluted by Cu, Pb, and Zn. These metals concentration in Solakli coastal region were found significant enrichment. Current concentration of these metals would be expected to frequently be associated with toxic effects on biota of coastal regions.
Comparison of urine cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization in upper urothelial tract samples
Authors: Reynolds Jordan P. , Voss Jesse S. , Kipp Benjamin R. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Nassar Aziza , Clayton Amy C. , Henry Michael R. , Sebo Thomas J. , Zhang Jun , Halling Kevin C. 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDThe cytologic diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the upper urothelial tract (UT) is challenging. Using the UroVysion probe set adds diagnostic value for the detection of bladder cancer in voided urine. In instrumented UT specimens, the authors encountered positive UT cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) cases that did not demonstrate subsequent UT carcinoma.METHODSThe performance of cytology and FISH in the presence or absence of concomitant bladder cancer within 2 years was compared in 61 patients (112 samples) from 2003 through 2009. The mean follow‐up was 3.2 years. The authors also compared the performance of near‐tetrasomy versus hypertetrasomy. Biopsy confirmation of UTUC in 21 patients was considered the gold standard.RESULTSCytology alone was found to be poorly sensitive (38%) but highly specific (89%) for the detection of UTUC. FISH was found to increase the sensitivity of cytology and decrease specificity. Tetrasomy FISH resulted in many false‐positive cases. Other false‐positive FISH results were likely due to the presence of bladder cancer cells contaminating the UT specimen.CONCLUSIONSCaution should be used when evaluating instrumented urine specimens of the UT from patients with a previous history of bladder carcinoma, and tetrasomy FISH results should not be interpreted as abnormal because it significantly lowers the specificity of the test. The combination of cytology and FISH appears to have good specificity while maintaining good sensitivity in evaluating UTUC when using modified scoring criteria for the appropriate patient population. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:459–467. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Training, education, and outreach—raising the bar
Authors: Akli Linda , Moore Samuel L. , Rivera Lorna I. , Teller Patricia J. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYTo accelerate scientific discovery, the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) aims to enhance researcher productivity, increase its user base, and prepare new generations of researchers to use advanced digital technologies. Accordingly, XSEDE is educating diverse populations of new users through regional workshops targeted at large populations of those traditionally underrepresented in the use of XSEDE resources.The expanded scale and scope of recent workshops provide evidence that (1) there is strong interest in leveraging advanced digital services in research and teaching at minority‐serving institutions; (2) these local events are needed to reach these communities; and (3) increased collaboration is required to inculcate the use of computational methods into research and teaching at these institutions. This makes it clear that XSEDE's efforts are meaningful beyond just providing training in advanced digital services; they contribute to national goals for developing and sustaining a large and diverse STEM workforce.This paper focuses on the first of the larger workshops (held at The University of Texas at El Paso) and its impact on subsequent events. Best practices used to plan, execute, and evaluate this workshop are discussed, and the results of a professional assessment of the three workshops are presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initial results on computational performance of Intel many integrated core, sandy bridge, and graphical processing unit architectures: implementation of a 1D c++/OpenMP electrostatic particle‐in‐cell code
Authors: Vapirev A. , Deca J. , Lapenta G. , Markidis S. , Hur I. , Cambier J.‐L. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryWe present initial comparison performance results for Intel many integrated core (MIC), Sandy Bridge (SB), and graphical processing unit (GPU). A 1D explicit electrostatic particle‐in‐cell code is used to simulate a two‐stream instability in plasma. We compare the computation times for various number of cores/threads and compiler options. The parallelization is implemented via OpenMP with a maximum thread number of 128. Parallelization and vectorization on the GPU is achieved with modifying the code syntax for compatibility with CUDA. We assess the speedup due to various auto‐vectorization and optimization level compiler options. Our results show that the MIC is several times slower than SB for a single thread, and it becomes faster than SB when the number of cores increases with vectorization switched on. The compute times for the GPU are consistently about six to seven times faster than the ones for MIC. Compared with SB, the GPU is about two times faster for a single thread and about an order of magnitude faster for 128 threads. The net speedup, however, for MIC and GPU are almost the same. An initial attempt to offload parts of the code to the MIC coprocessor shows that there is an optimal number of threads where the speedup reaches a maximum. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Lucene to index and search the digitized 1940 US Census
Authors: Diesendruck Liana , Kooper Rob , Marini Luigi , McHenry Kenton 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYAn improved approach toward enabling search capabilities over large digitized document archives is described, in which Lucene indices were incorporated in a framework developed to provide automatic searchable access to the 1940 US Census, a collection composed of digitized handwritten forms. As an alternative to trying to recognize the handwritten text in the images, Word Spotting feature vectors are used to describe each cell's content. Instead of querying the system using regular ASCII text, any query is rendered as an image, and a ranked list of matching results is presented to the user. Among other preprocessing steps required by the framework, an index must be compiled to provide fast access to the feature vectors. The advantages and drawbacks of using Lucene to index these vectors instead of other indexing methods are discussed in light of the challenges confronted when dealing with digitized document collections of considerable size. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.