bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting richness and composition in mountain insect communities at high resolution: a new test of the SESAM framework
Authors: D'Amen Manuela , Pradervand Jean‐Nicolas , Guisan Antoine 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to test different modelling approaches, including a new framework, for predicting the spatial distribution of richness and composition of two insect groups.LocationThe western Swiss Alps.MethodsWe compared two community modelling approaches: the classical method of stacking binary prediction obtained from individual species distribution models (binary stacked species distribution models, bS‐SDMs), and various implementations of a recent framework (spatially explicit species assemblage modelling, SESAM) based on four steps that integrate the different drivers of the assembly process in a unique modelling procedure. We used: (1) five methods to create bS‐SDM predictions; (2) two approaches for predicting species richness, by summing individual SDM probabilities or by modelling the number of species (i.e. richness) directly; and (3) five different biotic rules based either on ranking probabilities from SDMs or on community co‐occurrence patterns. Combining these various options resulted in 47 implementations for each taxon.ResultsSpecies richness of the two taxonomic groups was predicted with good accuracy overall, and in most cases bS‐SDM did not produce a biased prediction exceeding the actual number of species in each unit. In the prediction of community composition bS‐SDM often also yielded the best evaluation score. In the case of poor performance of bS‐SDM (i.e. when bS‐SDM overestimated the prediction of richness) the SESAM framework improved predictions of species composition.Main conclusionsOur results differed from previous findings using community‐level models. First, we show that overprediction of richness by bS‐SDM is not a general rule, thus highlighting the relevance of producing good individual SDMs to capture the ecological filters that are important for the assembly process. Second, we confirm the potential of SESAM when richness is overpredicted by bS‐SDM; limiting the number of species for each unit and applying biotic rules (here using the ranking of SDM probabilities) can improve predictions of species composition.
Non‐HIV‐related health care utilization, demographic, clinical and laboratory factors associated with time to initial retention in HIV care among HIV‐positive individuals linked to HIV care
Authors: Lourenço L , Nohpal A , Shopin D , Colley G , Nosyk B , Montaner JSG , Lima VD ,   the Seek and Treat for Optimal Prevention of HIV/AIDS (STOP HIV/AIDS) Study Group
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to explore non‐HIV‐related health care service (NHRHS) utilization, demographic, clinical and laboratory factors associated with timely initial “retention” in HIV care among individuals “linked” to HIV care in British Columbia (BC), Canada.MethodsWe conducted a Weibull time‐to‐initial‐retention analysis among BC Seek and Treat for Optimal Prevention of HIV/AIDS (STOP HIV/AIDS) cohort participants linked in 2000–2010, who had ≥ 1 year of follow‐up. We defined “linked” as the first HIV‐related service accessed following HIV diagnosis and “retained” as having, within a calendar year, either: (i) at least two HIV‐related physician visits/diagnostic tests or (ii) at least two antiretroviral therapy (ART) dispensations, ≥ 3 months apart. Individuals were followed until they were retained, died, their last contact date, or until 31 December 2011, whichever occurred first.ResultsOf 5231 linked individuals (78% male; median age 39: (Q1−Q3: 32–46) years], 4691 (90%) were retained [median time to initial retention of 9 (Q1–Q3: 5–13) months] by the end of follow‐up and 540 (10%) were not. Eighty‐four per cent of not retained and 96% of retained individuals used at least one type of NHRHS during follow‐up. Individuals who saw a specialist for NHRHS during follow‐up had a shorter time to initial retention than those who did not [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.79; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.47–3.16]. However, those who saw a general practitioner (GP) for NHRHS (aHR 0.79; 95% CI: 0.74–0.84) and those admitted to the hospital for NHRHS (aHR 0.60; 95% CI: 0.54–0.67), versus those who did/were not, respectively, had longer times to initial retention, as did female patients, people who inject drugs (PWID) and individuals < 40 years old.ConclusionsOverall, 84% of not retained individuals used some type of NHRHS during follow‐up. Given that 71% of not retained individuals used GP NHRHS, our results suggest that GP‐targeted interventions may be effective in improving time to initial retention.
p‐Coumaric acid in cereals: presence, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects
Authors: Boz Hüseyin 
Published: July 2015

SummaryCoumaric acid is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid and naturally occurs in three isomers (ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐); p‐coumaric acid is one of the most commonly occurring isomer in nature. p‐coumaric acid, classified as a phytochemical and nutraceutical, is found in various edible plants, such as carrots, tomatoes and cereals. p‐coumaric acid (4‐hydroxy‐cinnamic acid) occurs widely in the cell walls of graminaceous plants. It decreases low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) peroxidation, shows antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and plays an important role in human health. It is found in the endosperm of kernels at a limited level; however, the amount of p‐coumaric acid increases significantly in peripheral tissues. In terms of cereal types, it appears that pericarp fractions in barley, wheat, oat and corn are the fractions richest in p‐coumaric acid. It is both a good antioxidant and a good antimicrobial; therefore, it is natural alternative instead of synthetic additives, nowadays.
Assessment of Intrathecal Pressure in Chondrodystrophic Dogs With Acute Thoracolumbar Disk Disease
Authors: Kunz Rhona E. , Rohrbach Helene , Gorgas Daniela , Gendron Karine , Henke Diana , Forterre Franck 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo assess intrathecal pressure (ITP) in chondrodystrophic dogs with thoracolumbar disk extrusion.Study designProspective cohort study.AnimalsGroup 1: 11 chondrodystrophic dogs with thoracolumbar disk extrusion and present deep pain sensation. Group 2 (control): 3 healthy chondrodystrophic laboratory dogs without spinal disease.MethodsDiagnosis was based on neurologic signs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and surgical confirmation. Blood pressure was maintained within physiologic range during anesthesia. A standardized surgical procedure was applied to minimize factors that could influence measurement readings. An extended hemilaminectomy was performed and ITP was measured with a fiber optic catheter. The catheter was inserted in the subarachnoid space 1 spinal segment caudal to the level of herniation and its tip was advanced to the site of compression.ResultsSignificantly higher ITP occurred in chondrodystrophic dogs with acute thoracolumbar disk disease compared with controls. ITP was not associated with duration of clinical signs, neurologic status, outcome, degree of spinal cord compression, or signal intensity changes as assessed by MRI.ConclusionAcute thoracolumbar disk disease leads to elevated ITP in chondrodystrophic dogs, which may contribute to increased compression of spinal cord parenchyma.
Wet Green‐State Joining of Alumina Ceramics Without Paste
Authors: Peng Xiang , Shimai Shunzo , Sun Yi , Zhou Guohong , Wang Shiwei 
Published: July 2015

A new technique for the green‐state joining of alumina ceramics without paste has been developed. Wet alumina green body, gelcast by PIBM (a copolymer of isobutylene and maleic anhydride) gel system, is used as a parent green body. The joining process involves integrating two wet green bodies in a gelling state, followed by drying and sintering. For example, wet green bodies after aging 10 h were joined, and the joint region of the dried and sintered sample exhibited a homogeneous microstructure without defects or an interlayer. The flexural strength of the joined sample (468.5 ± 62.9 MPa) was nearly equivalent to that of a monolithic sample (470.6 ± 27.4 MPa). The joining mechanism was discussed on the basis of interaction among PIBM molecular chains. The proposed joining technique is simple and promising for producing advanced ceramics with large sizes and/or complicated shapes.
Factors associated with experiences and attitudes of healthcare professionals towards family‐witnessed resuscitation: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sak‐Dankosky Natalia , Andruszkiewicz Paweł , Sherwood Paula R. , Kvist Tarja 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimsTo examine factors associated with healthcare professionals' experiences and attitudes towards adult family‐witnessed resuscitation in the emergency and intensive care units.BackgroundFamily‐witnessed resuscitation offers the option for patients' families to be present during in‐hospital resuscitation. It is important to understand healthcare professionals' views about this practice to determine why, despite its benefits and general recommendation, this practice has not been widely implemented.DesignA descriptive, correlational, cross‐sectional survey.MethodsA total of 390 Finnish and Polish Registered Nurses and physicians from six university hospitals took part in the study. A structured questionnaire that examined nurses' and physicians' experiences and attitudes was used. Data, collected between July–December 2013, were analysed with descriptive statistics, logistic and multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsThe results indicated that healthcare professionals are not well experienced in family‐witnessed resuscitation. The general attitude towards this practice is somewhat negative. Physicians seem more confident about overcoming process‐related barriers than nurses. Having previous positive experiences of family‐witnessed resuscitation was associated with a more positive attitude towards this practice. Consequently a previous negative experience was associated with more negative attitudes.ConclusionFamily‐witnessed resuscitation awareness should be increased in daily clinical practice. It is important to find a way to improve experiences and attitudes of healthcare professionals related to this phenomenon. Furthermore, developing local guidelines and multidisciplinary training plans is needed to respond to the needs of patients and their families.
Nurses' views of patient participation in nursing care
Authors: Tobiano Georgia , Bucknall Tracey , Marshall Andrea , Guinane Jessica , Chaboyer Wendy 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimsTo explore nurses' views of patient participation in nursing care on medical wards.BackgroundNurses have frequent contact with patients, highlighting their potential role in enabling patient participation. However, some nurses' actions and attitudes act as barriers, failing to achieve core requirements of patient participation. Discovering nurses' views may assist in developing strategies to encourage patient participation in hospitals.DesignInterpretive study.MethodsTwenty nurses were recruited from four medical wards, located in two Australian hospitals. In‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted between November 2013–March 2014 and analysed using content analysis.FindingsFive categories emerged from the nurses' views. The first category, acknowledging patients as partners, showed nurses respected patients as legitimate participants. In the second category, managing risk, nurses emphasized the need to monitor participation to ensure rules and patient safety were maintained. Enabling participation was the third category, which demonstrated nurses' strategies that enhanced patients' participation. The fourth category was hindering participation; encapsulating nurses' difficulty in engaging patients with certain characteristics. In the final category, realizing participation, nurses believed patients could be involved in physical activities or clinical communication.ConclusionNurses have a crucial role in promoting patient participation. Through acknowledging and enabling participation, nurses may facilitate patient participation in a range of nursing activities. The nurse's role in enacting participation is complex, having to accommodate each patient's risks and characteristics, highlighting the need for good assessment skills. Education, policy and research strategies are essential to foster nurses' pivotal role in patient participation.
Development of the Andalusian Registry of Patients Receiving Community Case Management, for the follow‐up of people with complex chronic diseases
Authors: Morales‐Asencio Jose M. , Kaknani‐Uttumchandani Shakira , Cuevas‐Fernández‐Gallego Magdalena , Palacios‐Gómez Leopoldo , Gutiérrez‐Sequera José L. , Silvano‐Arranz Agustina , Batres‐Sicilia Juan Pedro , Delgado‐Romero Ascensión , Cejudo‐Lopez Ángela , Trabado‐Herrera Manuel , García‐Lara Esteban L. , Martin‐Santos Francisco J. , Morilla‐Herrera Juan C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesComplex chronic diseases are a challenge for the current configuration of health services. Case management is a service frequently provided for people with chronic conditions, and despite its effectiveness in many outcomes, such as mortality or readmissions, uncertainty remains about the most effective form of team organization, structures and the nature of the interventions. Many processes and outcomes of case management for people with complex chronic conditions cannot be addressed with the information provided by electronic clinical records. Registries are frequently used to deal with this weakness. The aim of this study was to generate a registry‐based information system of patients receiving case management to identify their clinical characteristics, their context of care, events identified during their follow‐up, interventions developed by case managers and services used.MethodsThe study was divided into three phases, covering the detection of information needs, the design and its implementation in the health care system, using literature review and expert consensus methods to select variables that would be included in the registry.ResultsA total of 102 variables representing structure, processes and outcomes of case management were selected for their inclusion in the registry after the consensus phase. A web‐based registry with modular and layered architecture was designed. The framework follows a pattern based on the model‐view‐controller approach. In its first 6 months after the implementation, 102 case managers have introduced an average number of 6.49 patients each one.ConclusionsThe registry permits a complete and in‐depth analysis of the characteristics of the patients who receive case management, the interventions delivered and some major outcomes as mortality, readmissions or adverse events.
Cumulative Incidence of Functional Decline After Minor Injuries in Previously Independent Older Canadian Individuals in the Emergency Department
Authors: Sirois Marie‐Josée , Émond Marcel , Ouellet Marie‐Christine , Perry Jeffrey , Daoust Raoul , Morin Jacques , Dionne Clermont , Camden Stéphanie , Moore Lynne , Allain‐Boulé Nadine 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo estimate the cumulative incidence of functional decline in independent older adults 3 and 6 months after a minor injury treated in the emergency department (ED) and to identify predictors of this functional decline.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingsThree Canadian teaching EDs.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older who were independent in basic activities of daily living before their injury and were evaluated in the ED for minor injuries (N = 335).MeasurementsFunctional decline was defined as a loss of 2 or more out of 28 points on the self‐reported Older Americans Resources Services scale. Sociodemographic, mobility, and clinical risk factors for functional decline in non‐ED studies were measured at the ED visit and 3 and 6 months after the injury. Generalized linear mixed models were used to explore differences in functional decline between groups determined according to the different factors.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of decline was 14.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.6–29.1%) at 3 months and 17.3% (95% CI = 9.7–30.9%) at 6 months. Predictors of functional decline were occasional use of a walking aid (relative risk (RR)=2.4, 95% CI = 1.4–4.2), needing help in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) before the injury (RR = 3.1, 95% CI=1.7–5.5), taking five or more daily medications (RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0–3.2), and the emergency physicians' assessment of functional decline (RR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.5–5.3).ConclusionMinor injuries in independent older adults treated in EDs are associated with a 15% cumulative incidence of functional decline 3 months after the injury that persisted 6 months later. Simple‐to‐measure factors such as occasional use of a walking aid, daily medication, need for help with IADLs, and physician assessment of decline may help identify independent older adults at risk of functional decline during their consultation. These results confirm the need to improve risk assessment and management of this population in EDs.
Screening and Brief Interventions for Alcohol and Other Drug Use Among Pregnant Women Attending Midwife Obstetric Units in Cape Town, South Africa: A Qualitative Study of the Views of Health Care Professionals
Authors: Petersen Williams Petal , Petersen Zaino , Sorsdahl Katherine , Mathews Catherine , Everett‐Murphy Katherine , Parry Charles DH 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionDespite the negative consequences of alcohol and other drug use during pregnancy, few interventions for pregnant women are implemented, and little is known about their feasibility and acceptability in primary health care settings in South Africa. As part of the formative phase of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for substance use among women presenting for antenatal care, the present study explored health care workers’ attitudes and perceptions about screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment among this population.MethodsForty‐three health care providers at 2 public sector midwife obstetric units in Cape Town, South Africa, were interviewed using an open‐ended, semistructured interview schedule designed to identify factors that hinder or support the implementation of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for substance use in these settings. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using the framework approach.ResultsHealth care providers agreed that there is a substantial need for screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for substance use among pregnant women and believe such services potentially could be integrated into routine care. Several women‐, staff‐, and clinic‐level barriers were identified that could hinder the successful implementation in antenatal services. These barriers included the nondisclosure of alcohol and other drug use, the intervention being considered as an add‐on service or additional work, negative staff attitudes toward implementation of an intervention, poor staff communication styles such as berating women for their behavior, lack of interest from staff, time constraints, staff shortages, overburdened workloads, and language barriers.DiscussionThe utility of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for addressing substance use among pregnant women in public health midwife obstetric units was supported, but consideration will need to be given to addressing a variety of barriers that have been identified.
Which Aspects of Professional Commitment Can Effectively Retain Nurses in the Nursing Profession?
Authors: Chang Hao‐Yuan , Shyu Yea‐Ing Lotus , Wong May‐Kuen , Friesner Daniel , Chu Tsung‐Lan , Teng Ching‐I 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeThis study examined which aspects of professional commitment can effectively retain nurses in the nursing profession.Design, Settings, and ParticipantsThis study used a longitudinal design, simple random sampling, and two‐wave data collection to survey and follow up a representative sample of 579 nurses for 1 year in a major medical center in northern Taiwan.MethodsItems measuring each aspect of professional commitment came from Meyer et al.’s scale. In the second wave, administrative data were culled to determine whether these nurses remain employed as nurses. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze the data.ResultsAnalytical results indicate that continuance commitment predicts nurse retention in the nursing profession (path coefficient = 0.34, p < .01).ConclusionsInstitutional efforts to improve continuance commitment (e.g., improved salary structures and enhanced professional development opportunities) likely retain nurses in the nursing profession.Clinical RelevanceThe findings of this study indicate the importance of continuance intention in retaining nurses. Nursing managers who face staff retention issues may consider making efforts to improve nurse salary and employer‐sponsored benefits.
Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome in children: Patient characteristics, diagnostic delays and associated complications
Authors: Price Amanda , Losek Joseph , Jackson Benjamin 
Published: July 2015

AimsThe aim of this study was to describe the demographical and clinical characteristics, diagnostic difficulties, and morbidity and mortality in children with hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS).MethodsRetrospective cross‐section descriptive study of children (<18 years of age) at an urban, tertiary, academic Children's Hospital diagnosed with HHS from January 2002 to December 2011.ResultsSix patients met inclusion criteria for the diagnosis of HHS. Age ranged from 6 to 16 years with 4 (67%) patients younger than 13 years. Four (67%) patients were women and 5 (83%) were African‐American. Body mass index (BMI)‐for‐age percentile was >97% in four (67%) patients. Three (60%) of five patients seen as outpatients were misdiagnosed, two cases were seen twice before an accurate diagnosis of HHS was made. There was one (17%) death. Complications included three patients with acute renal failure, one patient with seizures, and one patient with rhabdomyolysis and compartment syndrome leading to below the knee amputation. Malignant hyperthermia and ventricular arrhythmias occurred in the patient who expired. Three of the five patients who had autoantibody tests had positive results and were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsCharacteristics of children with HSS are variable for age, gender and BMI‐for‐age percentile and not predominately limited to obese male adolescent African‐American. Delay in diagnosis is common and morbidity and mortality in paediatric HHS are significant. The subsequent diagnosis of patients presenting with HHS includes type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.