bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Properties of Fused π-Electron Donors Possessing Vinylogous 1,3-Dithiole[5]radialene Units
Authors: Matsuda Takashi , Ueda Masafumi , Kondo Rina , Suwaki Mizuka , Misaki Yohji 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Bis- and tris-fused π-electron donors containing one or two vinylogous 1,3-dithiole[5]radialene unit (7–10) were successfully synthesized. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the first redox waves of 7–10 correspond to simultaneous four-electron or eight-electron redox processes because of significant contribution of the moieties of vinylogous 1,3-dithiole[5]radialene exhibiting a simultaneous four-electron redox. The UV–vis–NIR spectra of the oxidative species of 7–10 generated by constant voltages exhibited absorption bands attributed to (7–9)2+ and 104+ with structures of dicationic 1,3-dithiole[5]radialene vinylogs.
Reporting from the past: Why good journalism trumps good deeds
Authors: Simons Paula 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Although Canada sees itself as a multicultural nation, its mainstream news organizations have historically failed to recruit and retain the sort of staff who mirror the country’s authentic demographic diversity. At a time when legacy media are in economic crisis, this article argues that newsrooms must become more diverse, not to conform with moral suasion or international treaty, but out of enlightened self-interest, as a matter of survival.
A political economy of African language press: Towards a management typology
Authors: Salawu Abiodun 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This article proposes a typology of the models of managing local language press in Africa. Two models are identified: the mainstream and the subsidiary. In the mainstream model are local language newspapers that exist as the sole or main products of a media organization. The subsidiary model consists of local language newspapers that exist as subsidiary products of a foreign (but dominant) language media organization. The two models are differentiated by two major factors: Focus/Attention/Priority and Resources (Sharing) and Men, Materials, Machine and Marketing. Using critical political economy as a theoretical framework, the article draws examples from local language press establishments in Africa to discuss these models. Irrespective of the model of management adopted, the survival of local language newspapers in Africa remains precarious. The survival or otherwise of local language newspapers in Africa is better understood through the prism of critical political economy, a branch of political economy that appreciates the interrelationships between the distribution of material and symbolic resources. The two models of management are affected by political economy, either at the macro or micro level. The power relations among the contesting languages in a society determine to a great extent the economic well-being of any newspaper. The literature on critical political economy addresses the close relationship between those who wield political (and economic) power. This, more than any specific management model, determines the success of any local language newspaper. Even though the general situation with local language press in Africa is not impressive, there are some success stories that can be situated within either of the two management models.
Navigating NDN youth networks: Media interventions among Aboriginal youth in Winnipeg
Authors: Buddle Kathleen 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Aboriginal media offers a viable alternative to Aboriginal gang life largely because Native media employs the same principles for communication that inform Aboriginal gang practice. Rather than individual advancement, both aspire to bring people together in physical space. The history of constraints placed on Aboriginal peoples’ capacities to assemble in public is part of what informs the collectivizing goals of Aboriginal gangs and of Aboriginal communications agencies more generally. Both provide critically important contact zones, where diverse interest groups gather to negotiate, to perform and to exchange ideas about contemporary Aboriginality and Aboriginal youth experience. Media spaces, however, unlike gang turf, create pro-social discursive space for the discussion and contemplation of Aboriginal ways of engaging in the world. The Aboriginal films that circulate through the film festival circuit, for example, address themes that are sometimes difficult to discuss, such as bullying, solvent abuse and suicide.
Low‐dose TNF augments fracture healing in normal and osteoporotic bone by up‐regulating the innate immune response
Authors: Chan James K , Glass Graeme E , Ersek Adel , Freidin Andrew , Williams Garry A , Gowers Kate , Espirito Santo Ana I , Jeffery Rosemary , Otto William R , Poulsom Richard , Feldmann Marc , Rankin Sara M , Horwood Nicole J , Nanchahal Jagdeep 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe mechanism by which trauma initiates healing remains unclear. Precise understanding of these events may define interventions for accelerating healing that could be translated to the clinical arena. We previously reported that addition of low‐dose recombinant human TNF (rhTNF) at the fracture site augmented fracture repair in a murine tibial fracture model. Here, we show that local rhTNF treatment is only effective when administered within 24 h of injury, when neutrophils are the major inflammatory cell infiltrate. Systemic administration of anti‐TNF impaired fracture healing. Addition of rhTNF enhanced neutrophil recruitment and promoted recruitment of monocytes through CCL2 production. Conversely, depletion of neutrophils or inhibition of the chemokine receptor CCR2 resulted in significantly impaired fracture healing. Fragility, or osteoporotic, fractures represent a major medical problem as they are associated with permanent disability and premature death. Using a murine model of fragility fractures, we found that local rhTNF treatment improved fracture healing during the early phase of repair. If translated clinically, this promotion of fracture healing would reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with delayed patient mobilization.
Phospholipid oxidation generates potent anti‐inflammatory lipid mediators that mimic structurally related pro‐resolving eicosanoids by activating Nrf2
Authors: Bretscher Peter , Egger Julian , Shamshiev Abdijapar , Trötzmüller Martin , Köfeler Harald , Carreira Erick M , Kopf Manfred , Freigang Stefan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractExposure of biological membranes to reactive oxygen species creates a complex mixture of distinct oxidized phospholipid (OxPL) species, which contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases and metabolic disorders. While the ability of OxPL to modulate biological processes is increasingly recognized, the nature of the biologically active OxPL species and the molecular mechanisms underlying their signaling remain largely unknown. We have employed a combination of mass spectrometry, synthetic chemistry, and immunobiology approaches to characterize the OxPL generated from the abundant phospholipid 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐arachidonoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (PAPC) and investigated their bioactivities and signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. Our study defines epoxycyclopentenones as potent anti‐inflammatory lipid mediators that mimic the signaling of endogenous, pro‐resolving prostanoids by activating the transcription factor nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). Using a library of OxPL variants, we identified a synthetic OxPL derivative, which alleviated endotoxin‐induced lung injury and inhibited development of pro‐inflammatory T helper (Th) 1 cells. These findings provide a molecular basis for the negative regulation of inflammation by lipid peroxidation products and propose a novel class of highly bioactive compounds for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
T160‐phosphorylated CDK2 defines threshold for HGF‐dependent proliferation in primary hepatocytes
Authors: Mueller Stephanie , Huard Jérémy , Waldow Katharina , Huang Xiaoyun , D'Alessandro Lorenza A , Bohl Sebastian , Börner Kathleen , Grimm Dirk , Klamt Steffen , Klingmüller Ursula , Schilling Marcel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLiver regeneration is a tightly controlled process mainly achieved by proliferation of usually quiescent hepatocytes. The specific molecular mechanisms ensuring cell division only in response to proliferative signals such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are not fully understood. Here, we combined quantitative time‐resolved analysis of primary mouse hepatocyte proliferation at the single cell and at the population level with mathematical modeling. We showed that numerous G1/S transition components are activated upon hepatocyte isolation whereas DNA replication only occurs upon additional HGF stimulation. In response to HGF, Cyclin:CDK complex formation was increased, p21 rather than p27 was regulated, and Rb expression was enhanced. Quantification of protein levels at the restriction point showed an excess of CDK2 over CDK4 and limiting amounts of the transcription factor E2F‐1. Analysis with our mathematical model revealed that T160 phosphorylation of CDK2 correlated best with growth factor‐dependent proliferation, which we validated experimentally on both the population and the single cell level. In conclusion, we identified CDK2 phosphorylation as a gate‐keeping mechanism to maintain hepatocyte quiescence in the absence of HGF.
Examining Phylogenetic Relationships Among Gibbon Genera Using Whole Genome Sequence Data Using an Approximate Bayesian Computation Approach
Authors: Veeramah Krishna R , Woerner August E , Johnstone Laurel , Gut Ivo , Gut Marta , Marques-Bonet Tomas , Carbone Lucia , Wall Jeff D , Hammer Michael F 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGibbons are believed to have diverged from the larger great apes ∼16.8 MYA and today reside in the rainforests of Southeast Asia. Based on their diploid chromosome number, the family Hylobatidae is divided into four genera, Nomascus, Symphalangus, Hoolock, and Hylobates. Genetic studies attempting to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among gibbons using karyotypes, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the Y chromosome, and short autosomal sequences have been inconclusive . To examine the relationships among gibbon genera in more depth, we performed second-generation whole genome sequencing (WGS) to a mean of ∼15× coverage in two individuals from each genus. We developed a coalescent-based approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) method incorporating a model of sequencing error generated by high coverage exome validation to infer the branching order, divergence times, and effective population sizes of gibbon taxa. Although Hoolock and Symphalangus are likely sister taxa, we could not confidently resolve a single bifurcating tree despite the large amount of data analyzed. Instead, our results support the hypothesis that all four gibbon genera diverged at approximately the same time. Assuming an autosomal mutation rate of 1 × 10−9/site/year this speciation process occurred ∼5 MYA during a period in the Early Pliocene characterized by climatic shifts and fragmentation of the Sunda shelf forests. Whole genome sequencing of additional individuals will be vital for inferring the extent of gene flow among species after the separation of the gibbon genera.
First report of Nematomystes scapteromi (Ganzorig, Oku, Okamoto, Malgor &amp; Kamiya, 1999) Jiménez-Ruiz &amp; Gardner, 2003 (Nematoda, Aspidoderidae) in Scapteromys tumidus Waterhouse, 1837 (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) from southern Brazil
Authors: Duarte Leandro Ramos , Gallas Moisés , Silveira Eliane Fraga da , Périco Eduardo 
Published: March 2015

Prior to the present study, Nematomystes scapteromi (Ganzorig, Oku, Okamoto, Malgor & Kamiya, 1999) Jiménez-Ruiz & Gardner, 2003 had been reported in Scapteromys tumidus Waterhouse, 1837 from Uruguay. Here, eight specimens of S. tumidus were collected in southern Brazil and necropsied. The nematodes encountered were determined as N. scapteromi through their morphometric traits. Prevalence was 87.5% and the mean intensity of infection of 18.3 helminths/host. This is the first report of N. scapteromi parasitizing S. tumidus in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
The Connection between Self concept (Actual self Congruence & Ideal Self congruence) on Brand Preferences
Authors: Upamannyu Nischay Kumar , Mathur Garima , Bhakar S.S 
Published: March 2015

Self concept has been a very important concept in consumer behavior and it gives the central idea to the Marketing people in the market place, Academician and business student to understand the bases to evaluate the self concept. The extensive previous research work gave very important conceptual answer to implement new marketing strategy. A different class of customer can be shot in the marketplace. These are the customers who buy product while evaluating the product self-image, product/brand image and their congruity and then they set their minds to buy the products in the market. The purpose of the research is to explore the self concept dimensions to examine the self congruity relationship with brand preference. Relationships between constructs (actual self congruity, ideal self congruity and brand preference) were hypothesized and data were collected through survey Method. The perceptions of 400 respondents about their self congruity with brand preference were obtained for two types of product usage (‘Mobile phone’ as conspicuous and ‘Bathing soaps’ as inconspicuous) with Seven brands in each type. The moderating role of ‘type of product usage (Conspicuous and inconspicuous)’ was examined in the relationship between actual/ideal self congruity and brand preference.
Empirical Analysis of Non Performing Assets Related to Private Banks of India
Authors: Mehta Laveena , Malhotra Meenakshi 
Published: March 2015

In present scenario, Indian banks are struggling with challenges related with NPA’s. Some years before these banks were in Flourishing heights.but health of these banks deteriorated because of non performing assets. Many Indian banks have been controlled their non performing assets up to a level, but some banks still have been failed to control their NPA’s status, as a result, NPA hitting the profitability of these banks. Through this research paper we have examined the trend of NPA’s over the past 8 years and the relationship between NPA’s and profitability of private sector banks. According to the Reserve bank of India priority sector lending must be promoted so that those sectors who can’t approach the organized market for lending purposes and can’t afford the higher commercial rate of interest, can get loans in an easy way. RBI specified the percentage of loans to priority sectors out of the total money lent by the banks. This paper examines the NPA in Priority Sector Lending and the impact of priority sector lending on the gross NPA of private sector banks. The result showed the significant impact of priority sector lending on gross NPA of private Sector banks. This study revolves between the period 2005 and 2012.
Nile Delta Production Challenges - Temporary Production Facility Solutions
Authors: Vaughan Richard David , Noreldin Ahmed Mostafa , Junker Heinrich , Baydoon Mohamed Mahmoud , Jespersen Christian , Hart Fred 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the process of an accelerated commissioning of a gas field in the Egyptian Nile Delta in 2013. The Disouq Development Project and Production and Reservoir Teams of RWE Dea (Nile Delta) AG together with DISOUCO (the JV Operator) implemented a Temporary Production Facility (TPF) at North West Khilala Field (Onshore Nile Delta, Egypt) to achieve timely first gas production of 50 MMSCFD during 2013. The careful evaluation of this project can serve as a guide to others who are involved in the planning and preparation of onshore facility installations in challenging geopolitical settings.
The installation success on North West Khilala Field was accomplished by carefully focusing on several key areas: an appropriate fit-for-purpose organisation among participating companies, a clearly defined technical scope, and a rational philosophy and effective relationships with regulatory organisations. Active involvement of a fully integrated team of production geoscientists together with drilling, completion, reservoir, facility and commissioning engineers was critical in achieving success.
Based on an economic business case RWE Dea AG mutually decided with JV Shareholder Partner EGAS to deviate from the original Plan of Development (PoD) submitted in 2010 and start the construction of temporary production facility at North West Khilala field in parallel to the execution of the approved development project. The work included the perforation, completion and testing of already drilled North West Khilala wells (1 discovery and 2 appraisal wells), finalisation of flowline/trunkline installations from the wells to the temporary production facility and tie-in of the TPF to the national grid export lines.
By executing the temporary production facility plan, RWE Dea AG has been able to make a seamless transition from facility design and construction to facility production and export of first gas and condensate in less than 5 months.

Introduction
The Concession Agreement for gas and crude oil exploration and exploitation for Disouq Area was signed by RWE Dea Nile GmbH (RWE Dea AG), EGAS and the Government of the A.R.E on 20.07.2004, after the Egyptian Parliament ratified the Concession Agreement (CA) and issued it as a law No. 152 of 2004. RWE Dea AG has acted as sole operator with a 100% interest during Exploration, Development and Production.
Since year 2007 RWE Dea AG has discovered seven gas fields in the Disouq Concession which is located north of the city of Tanta in Egypt's cultivated Nile Delta belt expanding towards the Mediterranean Sea. The fields are Northwest Khilala (NWK), North Sidi Ghazy (NSG), Northwest Sidi Ghazy (NWSG), South Sidi Ghazy (SSG), Sidi Salem Southeast 1 (SSSE), Sidi Salem Southeast 2 (SSSE) and Disouq (DSQ) (see Figure 1).
An investigation of self‐incompatibility within the genus Restrepia
Authors: Millner Helen. J. , McCrea Alison. R. , Baldwin Timothy C. 
Published: March 2015

• Premise of the study: The genus Restrepia (Orchidaceae) is indigenous to montane rain forests of Central and South America. Recently, as habitat has fragmented and wild populations dwindled, the chances for successful cross‐pollination within the genus have been reduced. Since cultivated species of Restrepia have been vegetatively propagated, they remain genetically close to those in the wild, making ex situ collections of the genus useful model populations for investigating breeding systems. Restrepia are found in clade B of the Pleurothallidinae, the only clade in which self‐incompatibility (SI) has not yet been confirmed. In the current study, private collections of Restrepia were used to study the operation of SI within the genus to assist future ex situ conservation of this and related genera.• Methods: A variety of self‐pollination, intraspecific, and interspecific crosses were performed across the genus, and pollen tube growth was studied.• Key results: Individual species exhibited varying degrees of SI. Self‐pollinations performed across 26 species in the genus produced few viable seeds, with the exception of R. aberrans. Viable “filled” seeds with embryos were shown to require an intraspecific cross. Primary hybrids between species produced >90% seeds with embryos that germinated well.• Conclusions: The type of SI operating within the genus was considered to be best explained by gametophytic self‐incompatibility (GSI) with interspecific variation in its phenotypic expression. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to SI in the Pleurothallidinae and conservation strategies for Restrepia and related genera.
Increasing frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections during tigecycline use
Authors: Ulu-Kilic Aysegul , Alp Emine , Altun Dilek , Cevahir Fatma , Kalın Gamze , Demiraslan Hayati 
Published: March 2015

Introduction: The widespread use of tigecycline raises the question of increasing infection rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in ICUs which are not affected by this antibiotic. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if treatment with tigecycline is a risk factor for PA infection in ICU patients. Methodology: A retrospective and observational study was conducted at Erciyes University Hospital, Turkey, between 2008 and 2010. The Erciyes University Hospital is a 1300-bed tertiary care facility. The patients included in this study were hospitalized in four adult ICUs. Patients with PA infections (case group) were compared with patients with nosocomial infection other than PA (control group). Results: A total of 1,167 patients with any nosocomial infections were included in the study. Two hundred and seventy eight (23.8%) of the patients had PA infection during their ICU stay. Fifty nine patients (21.2%) in the case group received tigecycline before developing PA infections, which were found to be significantly more frequent than in the controls (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that risk factors for PA infection were previous tigecycline use (4 times), external ventricular shunt (4.2 times), thoracic drainage catheter (2.5 times) and tracheostomy (1.6 times). Conclusion: Our results contribute to the need for new studies to determine the safety of tigecycline use, especially for the treatment of critically ill patients. Since tigecycline seems to be an alternative for the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms, rational use of this antibiotic in ICU patients is essential.
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of HA-MRSA in Taif hospitals, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Eed Emad M , Ghonaim Mabrouk M , Hussein Yousry M , Saber Taiser M , Khalifa Amany S 
Published: March 2015

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important organisms causing hospital-acquired infections worldwide. Molecular analysis of MRSA strains from Taif, Saudi Arabia, had not been previously done. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of MRSA isolated from Taif hospitals were investigated. Methodology: This study involved S. aureus strains isolated from different clinical samples from Taif hospitals. MRSA strains were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify S. aureus-specific sequence, mecA genes, and type of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). MRSA strains were typed using coagulase gene polymorphism. Results: In total, 390 strains of S. aureus were isolated, and 58 MRSA strains – 40 hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) and 18 community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) – were detected. HA-MRSA strains included three SCCmec types, while CA-MRSA strains included two SCCmec types. PCR amplification and restriction of the coagulase gene of the 58 MRSA isolates showed nine different patterns, while three strains were non-typable. HA-MRSA strains showed seven distinct restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns; the most frequent was pattern 2 (15 isolates), followed by patterns 1 and 4 (5 isolates each). CA-MRSA showed five RFLP patterns; the most frequent was pattern 3 (7 isolates) followed by pattern 8 (6 isolates). Conclusions: HA-MRSA strains were more common than CA-MRSA strains. SCCmec typing and coagulase gene polymorphism analysis may be useful methods for studying clonal relatedness of isolates and for discriminating between HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA.