bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method for induction and quantification of diapause entry in the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Des Marteaux Lauren E. , Habash Marc B. , Schmidt Jonathan M. , Hallett Rebecca H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractInduction of diapause under laboratory conditions is a valuable tool for the study of dormancy in economic pests such as the swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). In the present study, diapause in larval swede midge was achieved via manipulation of rearing photoperiod and temperature. Frequency of diapause was assessed by sieve separation of diapause cocoons from pre-sifted peat substrate following emergence of pupating individuals. Mean diapause frequency for swede midge larvae reared under cool conditions with short day length or cool conditions with decreasing day lengths were 45.2% and 19.5%, respectively. Only 1.2% of swede midge reared under warm, long day length conditions entered diapause. A small percentage of larvae neither pupated nor entered diapause and remained in substrate long after other individuals had emerged as adults. This behaviour was more prevalent under cool and short or decreasing day length rearing conditions. Approximately 76% of the larvae used for diapause induction were recovered with the present larval and cocoon retrieval method, and premature (larval and pupal) mortality averaged 18.2%. Although diapause occurred in the present study, conditions resulting in higher diapause frequencies should be investigated and attempts should be made to improve survival and recovery of individuals.
Post-chemotherapy arthralgia and arthritis in lung cancer
Authors: Amiri Aref H , Jaferian Soleiman 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Objective: Evaluate the characteristics of arthritis, arthralgia and musculoskeletal pain after chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluate the characteristics of 17 patients with joint symptoms following receiving chemotherapy for lung cancer. Demographic information of patients including sex, age, time of rheumatologic findings after starting of chemotherapy, time of improvement after starting of medication, and relevant laboratory findings for each patient. Results: A total of seventeen patients (six women with mean age 41.2 ± 5.2 years and 11 men with mean age 42.5 ± 8.2) that received standard chemotherapy for lung cancer according to stage of disease. Joint symptoms usually began about seven months after the first session of chemotherapy. Patients had an average of two tender joints and 1 hr of morning stiffness. Four patients were positive for anti-nuclear antibody, and none of patient was positive for rheumatoid factor. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD), corticosteroids, and venlafaxine were prescribed. Four patients did not show an improvement. Follow-up was available for all patients. 11 patients showed favorable responses, characterized by a significant decrease (more than 50%) in morning stiffness, pain, and tender joint counts after a mean of three months’ treatment. Two patients had complete resolution of symptoms and did not required further medications for arthritis, arthralgia or musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion: Chemotherapy-related arthropathy in lung cancer is not uncommon. Early treatment with NSAID, DMARD, and corticosteroids is effective in the majority of patients.
Emergency percutaneous tracheostomy in two cancer patients with difficult airway: An alternative to cricothyroidotomy?
Authors: Nasa Prashant , Singh Akhilesh , Juneja Deven , Garg Nitin , Singh Omender , Javeri Yash 
Published: November 2012

AbstractInability to intubate and/or ventilate either due to distorted neck anatomy or restricted mouth opening is uncommon but potentially hazardous clinical scenario in head and neck cancer patients. Emergency cricothyroidotomy in such patients may provide a means of oxygenating the patient, but in practice has limitations and does not establish a definitive airway. We report 2 cases who had distorted face and neck anatomy in which percutaneous tracheostomy was done as an emergency life-saving procedure when other measures to obtain a definitive airway failed.
Closure of the Cone of Sums of 2d-powers in Certain Weighted ℓ1-seminorm Topologies
Authors: Ghasemi Mehdi , Marshall Murray , Wagner Sven 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn a paper from 1976, Berg, Christensen, and Ressel prove that the closure of the cone of sums of squares in the polynomial ring in the topology induced by the ℓ1-norm is equal to Pos([–1; 1]n), the cone consisting of all polynomials that are non-negative on the hypercube [–1,1]n. The result is deduced as a corollary of a general result, established in the same paper, which is valid for any commutative semigroup. In later work, Berg and Maserick and Berg, Christensen, and Ressel establish an even more general result, for a commutative semigroup with involution, for the closure of the cone of sums of squares of symmetric elements in the weighted -seminorm topology associated with an absolute value. In this paper we give a new proof of these results, which is based on Jacobi’s representation theoremfrom2001. At the same time, we use Jacobi’s representation theorem to extend these results from sums of squares to sums of 2d-powers, proving, in particular, that for any integer d ≥ 1, the closure of the cone of sums of 2d-powers in the topology induced by the -norm is equal to Pos([–1; 1]n).
Wild food plants of Remote Oceania
Authors: McClatchey Will C. 
Published: November 2012

Agricultural societies partly depend upon wild foods. Relationships between an agricultural society and its wild foods can be explored by examining how the society responds through colonization of new lands that have not been previously inhabited. The oldest clear example of this phenomenon took place about 5000 years ago in the tropical Western Pacific at the “boundary” interface between Near and Remote Oceania. An inventory of wild and domesticated food plants used by people living along “the remote side of ” that interface has been prepared from the literature. This was then assessed for the roles of plants at the time of original colonization of Remote Oceania. The majority of species are wild foods, and most of these are used as leafy vegetables and fruits. The wild food plants mostly serve as supplements to domesticated species, although there are a few that can be used as substitutes for traditional staples.
From the editors
Authors: Value Language 
Published: November 2012

In Memoriam
The journal editors and the Department of English Studies at the Universitat Jaume I wish to pay tribute to our colleague, friend and teacher, Dr. Xavier Campos Vilanova who passed away earlier this year. Xavier showed a passionate enthusiasm for the study of the history of the English language and literature, but also for everything he did. From taking photographs, researching on the meaning of the number seven, to studying the history of Castelló – his home town –, he went deep into everything that touched his heart.
Xavier kindly accepted to supervise my doctoral thesis (Campoy) on phrasal verbs many years ago even though it did not fit his plans at the moment, since he was then deeply engaged in the study of Old English. I felt this issue on phrasal verbs would be a great opportunity to thank him for his generosity and open mindfulness. It is his wide smile and his distinctive laugh that could fill the room that we will always remember.

From the Editors
MULTIWORD PATTERNS: CONSIDERING PHRASAL VERBS AND THEIR UNDERLYING SEMANTIC SYSTEMS (I)
This is the first of two issues dealing with multiword patterns. The main focus of these issues is that of phrasal verbs with a special emphasis on the semantic patterns from which they arise. This first issue on this topic includes five articles related to the study of English particles as part of phrasal verbs and in lexical bundles. The issue tackles different perspectives in the analysis and use of phrasal verbs. Most articles adopt a cognitive approach in their investigation of the use and analysis of these units. Two of them, Navarro and Chung et al. also follow a corpus-based approach in their analysis.
Prevalence of dyslipidemia in HIV‐infected patients on combined antiretroviral treatment in Spain: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Estrada V , Masiá M , Iribarren J , Lozano F , Miralles C , Olalla J , Santos J , Bernardino J , Dronda F , Domingo P 
Published: November 2012

PurposeAmong traditional cardiovascular risk factors, dyslipidemia could be particularly prevalent since virus, treatment and host factors may be involved in its development. Our analysis aimed to describe the prevalence of different types of dyslipidemia in a population of HIV‐infected, treatment‐experienced patients in Spain.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis within 10 HIV units across Spain. We collected data on demographics and cardiovascular risk factors, including lipid profile as well as information on current use of lipid‐lowering drugs. This analysis describes subjects under first‐line ART as compared with others in more advanced lines of treatment.ResultsWe included 860 patients (76.3% male) with no history of CVD, with median age 45.6 years. Median time since HIV diagnosis was 3 and 14 years (p=0.000) and median time on ART was 22 and 136 months (p=0.000) respectively. Lipid profile is described in the table.

n (%)
First line regimens, n=219
Subsequent regimens, n=641
p‐value

Dyslipidemia

Total cholesterol >240 mg/dL
17 (7.9)
70 (11.1)
0.180

LDL‐cholesterol >160 mg/dL
19 (9.0)
49 (7.9)
0.636

HDL‐cholesterol <40 mg/dL
85 (39.9)
188 (30.0)
0.008

Total cholesterol/HDL ratio>5
60 (28.2)
160 (25.5)
0.447

Triglycerides≥200 mg/dL
43 (20.0)
136 (21.6)
0.616

Lipid‐lowering drugs

Statin use
10 (4.6)
101 (15.8)
0.000

Statin use AND Tcol/HDL>5
3 (33.3)
36 (36.0)
1.000

Fibrate use
7 (3.2)
12 (1.9)
0.286

Fibrate use AND TG≥200 mg/dL
3 (42.9)
9 (75.0)
0.326

ConclusionsDyslipidemia, especially low HDL and high TG, is highly prevalent in this population regardless being in their first or more advanced lines of treatment. The use of lipid‐lowering drugs in our population is low and furthermore the control of dyslipidemia is not always achieved. Additional research is needed to understand how to achieve lipid goals in this population.
Yield of annually performed routine physical examinations of HIV patients with stable disease
Authors: van Amsterdam M , van Assen S , Sprenger H , Wilting K , Stienstra Y , Bierman W 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundAdequate follow‐up of HIV patients is essential in the cART era. Current guidelines advise regular assessment of the patient, yet the exact content and frequency are less clear and practices vary amongst different hospitals. The objective of this study was to determine the value of performing routine physical examination of patients with normal or near normal immune function, as part of adequate follow‐up.MethodsIn a cohort of 300 HIV‐1‐infected patients monitored in a large teaching hospital we retrospectively analysed the outcome of routine physical examinations performed at annual check‐ups in 2010. Only stable patients were eligible for inclusion (CD4 count >350 cells/mm3 if not using cART, CD4 count >100 cells/mm3 if using cART). Data was collected from the medical records. It was recorded whether or not the physical examination per se was the basis for establishing a new diagnosis.ResultsOf 300 stable HIV‐1‐infected patients (81% males) with a median age of 47 years old (range 21–79) 216 patients (72%) had physical abnormalities. Lipodystrophy (30%), lymphadenopathy (16%) and hypertension (8.3%) were the most common findings. Two‐thirds of all findings were already known from the past medical history or could be related to current complaints. In 24 patients (8.0%), the physical examination was the basis for establishing a new diagnosis: 6/24 patients (25%) ‐ all men who have sex with men (MSM) ‐ had a concurrent sexually transmitted disease, 8/24 patients (33%) had hypertension. The other 10/24 (42%) patients had a large variety of diagnoses, of which a bradycardia due to a total atrioventricular block was clinically the most relevant diagnosis. Factors associated with the yield of the physical examination could not be identified.ConclusionRoutine physical examination per se was the basis for establishing new diagnoses in only 8% of stable HIV infected patients. However, most diagnoses were of little clinical relevance, suggesting that the additional value of routine physical examination in stable HIV patients is limited. Based on our findings, the regular standard assessment could be restricted to measuring blood pressure and the performance of anogenital examination in MSM.
Impaired neurocognitive function among HIV‐infected Thais on stable antiretroviral therapy for more than 7 years
Authors: Avihingsanon A , Maek‐a‐nantawat W , Sithinamsuwan P , Ananworanich J , Suksawak S , Saysombut N , Charoenporn W , Phanuphak P , Valcour V 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundThere are limited data on HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) from resource‐constraint region and few studies have firm documentation of duration of treatment and suppression of plasma virus. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HIV‐related cognitive deterioration among HIV‐infected patients who were on stable ART and to describe the pattern of neurocognitive impairment (NCI), daily life disturbance and associated factors.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional evaluation of cognition in a sample of HIV adults at HIV‐NAT, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre with data captured over a 6‐month period. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) and Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (ADLQ) scale were administered. NCI was defined as a score of ≤10 on the IHDS or <26 on the MoCA. The HIV‐NAT Cohort Database was explored to retrieve sociodemographic data and clinical factors.ResultsAmong the 162 patients evaluated, the mean (±SD) age was 42.8 (±7.3) years and 56.8% were male. HBV and HCV co‐infection frequencies were 11.7% and 7.4%, respectively. The mean (±SD) duration of ART was 9.03 (±3.12) years. Of all, 59.3% were concurrently on protease inhibitor (PI) based regimens. 97.5% had virologic success with HIV‐RNA load of less 200 copies/mL. The prevalence of NCI was 68.5% by MoCA and 75.8% by IHDS. Tests on visuospatial cognition, language and abstraction were most commonly poor scores (81.5%, 89.5% and 74.1%, respectively). Among these, 54.9% and 61.3%, respectively, were asymptomatic without overt daily functioning interference. Daily self‐care and household care were the most commonly endorsed daily activity defects (16.7% and 12.3%, respectively). Remaining as a couple (p=0.001), duration of education <12 years (p<0.001) and heterosexual risk (p=0.001) were associated with NCI. The MoCA and IHDS scales correlated to each other (r2=0.177, p=0.024). Logistic regression demonstrated fewer years of education and remaining as a couple were associated with impaired MoCA scale (P=0.001 and 0.008, respectively).ConclusionImpaired cognitive function is commonly detected among HIV‐infected Thais on stable ART for over 7 years. The frequency of NCI is higher than that reported in other settings. However the performance characteristics of our screens have not been firmly established in this setting and the cut‐off levels used may over‐estimate NCI.
Prevalence and determinants of unemployment among ageing HIV‐1‐infected and HIV‐uninfected individuals
Authors: Stolte I , Kuiper J , Schouten J , Wit F , Reiss P , Sluiter J , Prins M 
Published: November 2012

Purpose of the studyPeople living with HIV (PLWH) appear to be at increased risk for earlier onset of age‐associated non‐communicable co‐morbidity (AANCC) and declines in physical and mental capacities, compared to the general population [1]. This earlier onset of AANCC in the setting of HIV infection is likely to negatively affect work participation and quality of life. Present study investigates prevalence and determinants of unemployment among older HIV‐1‐infected and HIV‐uninfected participants of the AGEhIV Cohort Study.MethodsData were collected (Oct. 2010–Jan. 2012) within the ongoing prospective AGEhIV Cohort Study, recruiting HIV‐1‐infected patients >45 years from a tertiary care HIV outpatient clinic, and HIV‐uninfected Public Health Service attendants, comparable regarding age, gender and ethnicity. Data on socio‐demographics, lifestyle, quality of life, AANCC and unemployment were collected, using a self‐administered questionnaire and through medical examination. Current analysis was restricted to participants in the working age (45–65 years). Logistic regression analysis was used to study determinants of unemployment.Summary of resultsThe majority from the first enrolled 277 HIV‐1‐infected and 251 HIV‐uninfected subjects was male (88%), Dutch (76%) and homosexual (74%). About 50% was highly educated and the median age was 52 [IQR: 48–57]. Almost all (94%) HIV‐1‐infected individuals were on cART, median time since first ART was 11 years [IQR: 4–15], median time since HIV‐diagnosis was 12 years [IQR: 7–18] and they had been diagnosed with more AANCC than HIV‐uninfected individuals (p<0.01). Unemployment was higher among HIV‐1‐infected (36.5%) compared to HIV‐uninfected participants (21.9%) (p<0.01). In multivariate analysis, being HIV‐infected (ORadj 2.0 [95% CI: 1.3–3.3]), experiencing >2 AANCC (ORadj 3.1 [95% CI: 1.4–6.8]), lower physical health status (ORadj 2.0 [95% CI: 1.6–2.6]), being unmarried (ORadj 2.1 [95% CI: 1.3–3.2]) and older age (ORadj 60‐65 yrs: 9.1 [95% CI: 4.5–18]) were independently associated with higher levels of unemployment.ConclusionsUnemployment among HIV‐1‐infected individuals is higher compared to HIV‐uninfected individuals, independent of socio‐demographic characteristics, lifestyle, quality of life or number of concomitantly diagnosed AANCC. This suggests that, apart from these factors, specific HIV‐related determinants, such as stage of HIV disease, but also experienced stigma, work related conditions, influence unemployment.
Clock‐drawing test as a screening tool for HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND)
Authors: Levy I , Goldstein A , Maor Y , Rahav G , Litachewsky V , Fischel T 
Published: November 2012

IntroductionCurrent tests for diagnosing HIV‐associated neurocognitive dysfunction (HAND) consume time and energy and are not very practical as a screening tool in the busy clinic. The clock‐drawing test (CDT) was reported sensitive to subcortical pathology associated with periventricular and deep white matter. In addition, CDT has shown to be sensitive to executive dysfunction.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the value of a clock‐drawing test as a screening tool for diagnosing HAND. Methods: The CDT that we used was largely based on Rouleau et al. (1992). The patient is asked to draw a clock, first the frame, than the numbers, and than the hands showing the time 10 to 2. The interpretation is based on the following criteria: frame, numbers, hands, center, general impression. If acceptable‐2 points, non‐acceptable‐0, and acceptable but deviating‐1 point. Other validated neurocognitive tests (e.g. TMA, TMB, DSST, etc) were used as the “gold standard”.ResultsIn the primary analysis 54 patients were included: 47 men and 7 women. Sensitivity was 77%, specificity 90%, positive predictive value 71.4%, negative predictive value 92.5%. In this preliminary study we found CDT to be a valid screening tool for HAND. It correlates highly with other well‐established screening tools, but demands less resources (human and technological). It is especially good for ruling out the disease.
HIV‐1 drug resistance among antiretroviral treatment‐naïve Ethiopian patients
Authors: Mulu A , Maier M , Liebert U 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundIn many African countries, access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been significantly scaled up over the last five years. Nevertheless, data on drug resistance mutation are scarce. The objective of the current study was to determine the predominant subtypes of HIV‐1 as well as to identify baseline mutations with potential drug resistance among ART‐naïve patients from Ethiopia.MethodsGenotypic drug resistance on the entire protease and partial reverse transcriptase (codons 1–335) regions of the pol gene was determined by an in‐house protocol in 160 ART‐naïve patients. Genotypic drug resistance was defined as the presence of one or more resistance‐related mutations, as specified by the consensus of the Stanford University HIV drug resistance database (HIVDB) available at http://hivdb.stanford.edu/ and the 2011 International AIDS Society (IAS) mutation list (http://www.iasusa.org/resistance‐mutations/).ResultsA predominance of HIV‐1 subtype C (98.7%) was observed. According to the IAS mutation list, antiretroviral drug resistance mutations were detected in 20 patients (13%). However, the level of drug resistance is 5.2% (8/155) when the most conservative method, HIVDB algorithms were applied. In both algorithms, none had major PI mutation and mutation‐conferring resistance to NRTI and NNRTI were not overlapping.ConclusionsThere is strong evidence for clade homogeneity in Ethiopia and low influx of other subtypes to the country. The level of transmitted drug resistance exceeds that of WHO estimates and indicates that many HIV‐infected individuals on ART are practicing risk‐related behaviours. The results also show that HIV drug resistance testing should be installed in resource limited settings.
Transmission of primary resistance mutation K103N in a cluster of Belgian young patients from different risk groups
Authors: Ruelle J , Ingels M , Jnaoui K , Ausselet N , Sasse A , Verhofstede C , Goubau P 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundWe analysed the distribution of an HIV‐1 subtype B strain resistant to efavirenz and nevirapine among incident infections in the Belgian population.MethodThe Belgian AIDS reference laboratories searched their databases for HIV‐1 subtype B sequences harbouring the K103N mutation in the reverse transcriptase (RT) or the C67S and V77I mutations in the protease (PR). We included the earliest RT sequence available of drug‐naïve patients as well as sequences related to treatment failure. Fifty sequences were aligned omitting the codon 103 and submitted to phylogenetic analysis. Epidemiological data were collected through the Institute of Public Health national database. In addition, three sequences from the cluster were analysed by deep sequencing using the Roche GS Junior platform.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of a 24 virus sequences cluster. All except one of those sequences resulted from patients who were ARV‐naïve at the time of sampling, and 21 had the K103N mutation. Two thirds of the clustered patients were infected through homosexual or bisexual contacts while the others were heterosexuals. No case was related to migrants contaminated abroad. Fifteen of the clustered patients were diagnosed between January 2011 and June 2012; 87% of them were aged between 20 and 29 at the time of diagnosis. Interestingly, 60% of them reside in the province of Namur. Deep sequencing analysis of 3 individuals sampled near seroconversion revealed no other resistance mutations at a frequency>1% than those already picked up by Sanger sequencing (RT A98S, K103N; PR V77I), except the RT V90I.ConclusionWe identified a transmission cluster of drug resistant HIV‐1 variants mainly including homo‐ and heterosexual young adults. Most individuals are of Belgian origin and are living around the city of Namur (Belgium). The K103N mutation had no apparent impact on transmission fitness as its spread raised during the last years. These observations may impact on local prevention and ARV prophylaxis strategies.