bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global linear stability analysis of falling films with inlet and outlet
Authors: Albert C. , Tezuka A. , Bothe D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this paper, the stability of falling films with different flow conditions at the inlet is studied. This is done with an algorithm for the numerical investigation of stability of steady-state solutions to dynamical systems, which is based on an Arnoldi-type iteration. It is shown how this algorithm can be applied to free boundary problems in hydrodynamics. A volume-of-fluid solver is employed to predict the time evolution of perturbations to the steady state. The method is validated by comparison to data from temporal and spatial stability theory, and to experimental results. The algorithm is used to analyse the flow fields of falling films with inlet and outlet, taking the inhomogeneity caused by different inlet conditions into account. In particular, steady states with a curved interface are analysed. A variety of reasonable inlet conditions is investigated. The instability of the film is convective and perturbations at the inlet could be of importance since they are exponentially amplified as they are transported downstream. However, the employed algorithm shows that there is no significant effect of the inlet condition. It is concluded that the flow characteristics of falling films are stable with respect to the considered time-independent inlet conditions.
Detecting objective and subjective cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy: intensity, duration and test utility in a large clinical sample
Authors: Fernie G. , Bennett D. M. , Currie J. , Perrin J. S. , Reid I. C. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depression but the extent and persistence of cognitive side-effects remain uncertain. It has been reported that there is little evidence that impairments last longer than up to 15 days post-ECT. However, relatively few studies have followed patients for even as long as 1 month post-ECT. Here we report results from a brief cognitive battery given prior to ECT and repeated five times up to 6 months post-ECT.MethodIn a retrospective case-note study of routinely collected clinical data 126 patients treated with ECT completed two neuropsychological tests [Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) spatial recognition memory (SRM) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)] and two subjective reports of memory function, prior to ECT. Patients were reassessed following ECT and at 1, 3 and 6 months post-ECT although not all patients completed all assessments.ResultsPerformance relative to pre-ECT baseline was significantly poorer at each post-ECT assessment up to 3 months post-ECT using the CANTAB SRM, but was improved at 6 months. Conversely, MMSE score showed improvements relative to baseline from 1 month post-ECT. Mood and subjective memory scores improved following ECT and were correlated with one another, but not with either neuropsychological measure.ConclusionsThe CANTAB SRM task revealed reversible cognitive deficiencies relative to a pre-ECT baseline for at least 3 months following ECT, while MMSE score and patients' subjective reports showed only improvement. Visuospatial memory scores eventually exceeded baseline 6 months post-ECT.
Taking the Measure of Labor: Rural Rationalization in Twentieth-Century Brazil
Authors: Rogers Thomas D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRural sugarcane workers in the Brazilian Northeast negotiated with planters in 1963 to establish guidelines for measuring jobs, producing a document they called the Task Table. This article situates the Table in historical context, placing it in a long-term process of agricultural rationalization that generated struggles over flexibility, control, and freedom on the job. The Table emerged at one moment in these battles and since conflicts like these over productivity, efficiency, and control are common to industrial and agricultural work alike, analyzing the Table offers insight into a broad struggle between workers and employers over the conditions and regulation of labor. For a region of hundreds of thousands of sugarcane workers, the Task Table reflected and facilitated the transformation of labor relationships, views of the working environment, and worker consciousness.
The single-channel regime of transport through random media
Authors: Peña A. , Girschik A. , Libisch F. , Rotter S. , Chabanov A. A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe propagation of light through samples with random inhomogeneities can be described by way of transmission eigenchannels, which connect incoming and outgoing external propagating modes. Although the detailed structure of a disordered sample can generally not be fully specified, these transmission eigenchannels can nonetheless be successfully controlled and used for focusing and imaging light through random media. Here we demonstrate that in deeply localized quasi-1D systems, the single dominant transmission eigenchannel is formed by an individual Anderson-localized mode or by a ‘necklace state’. In this single-channel regime, the disordered sample can be treated as an effective 1D system with a renormalized localization length, coupled through all the external modes to its surroundings. Using statistical criteria of the single-channel regime and pulsed excitations of the disordered samples allows us to identify long-lived localized modes and short-lived necklace states at long and short time delays, respectively.
The structure and substrate specificity of human Cdk12/Cyclin K
Authors: Bösken Christian A. , Farnung Lucas , Hintermair Corinna , Merzel Schachter Miriam , Vogel-Bachmayr Karin , Blazek Dalibor , Anand Kanchan , Fisher Robert P. , Eick Dirk , Geyer Matthias 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPhosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) by cyclin-dependent kinases is important for productive transcription. Here we determine the crystal structure of Cdk12/CycK and analyse its requirements for substrate recognition. Active Cdk12/CycK is arranged in an open conformation similar to that of Cdk9/CycT but different from those of cell cycle kinases. Cdk12 contains a C-terminal extension that folds onto the N- and C-terminal lobes thereby contacting the ATP ribose. The interaction is mediated by an HE motif followed by a polybasic cluster that is conserved in transcriptional CDKs. Cdk12/CycK showed the highest activity on a CTD substrate prephosphorylated at position Ser7, whereas the common Lys7 substitution was not recognized. Flavopiridol is most potent towards Cdk12 but was still 10-fold more potent towards Cdk9. T-loop phosphorylation of Cdk12 required coexpression with a Cdk-activating kinase. These results suggest the regulation of Pol II elongation by a relay of transcriptionally active CTD kinases.
Antidepressant-like effects of auraptenol in mice
Authors: Gu Xiaosu , Zhou Yong , Wu Xiaomei , Wang Fen , Zhang Cai-Yi , Du Chenchen , Shen Lihua , Chen Xiang , Shi Jiansheng , Liu Chunfeng , Ke Kaifu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDepression is a major psychiatric disorder affecting nearly 21% of the world population and imposes a substantial health burden on society. Current available antidepressants are not adequate to meet the clinical needs. Here we report that auraptenol, an active component of the traditional Chinese medicine, angelicae dahuricae radix, had antidepressant-like effects in mice models of depression. In mouse forced swimming test and tail suspension test, two validated models of depression, auraptenol dose-dependently decreased the immobility duration within the dose range of 0.05–0.4 mg/kg. In addition, the antidepressant-like effects of auraptenol was significantly averted by a selective serotonin 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY100635 (1 mg/kg). These doses that affected the immobile response did not affect locomotor activity. In summary, this study for the first time identified an active component from the herbal medicine angelicae dahuricae radix that possesses robust antidepressant-like efficacy in mice. These data support further exploration for the possibility of developing auraptenol as a novel antidepressant agent in the treatment of major depression disorders.
Moyamoya disease-associated protein mysterin/RNF213 is a novel AAA+ ATPase, which dynamically changes its oligomeric state
Authors: Morito Daisuke , Nishikawa Kouki , Hoseki Jun , Kitamura Akira , Kotani Yuri , Kiso Kazumi , Kinjo Masataka , Fujiyoshi Yoshinori , Nagata Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMoyamoya disease is an idiopathic human cerebrovascular disorder that is characterized by progressive stenosis and abnormal collateral vessels. We recently identified mysterin/RNF213 as its first susceptibility gene, which encodes a 591-kDa protein containing enzymatically active P-loop ATPase and ubiquitin ligase domains and is involved in proper vascular development in zebrafish. Here we demonstrate that mysterin further contains two tandem AAA+ ATPase modules and forms huge ring-shaped oligomeric complex. AAA+ ATPases are known to generally mediate various biophysical and mechanical processes with the characteristic ring-shaped structure. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and biochemical evaluation suggested that mysterin dynamically changes its oligomeric forms through ATP/ADP binding and hydrolysis cycles. Thus, the moyamoya disease-associated gene product is a unique protein that functions as ubiquitin ligase and AAA+ ATPase, which possibly contributes to vascular development through mechanical processes in the cell.
Millimetre‐wave end‐fired antenna array for active 3D holographic imaging system
Authors: Fang Weihai , Fei Peng , Nian Feng 
Published: March 2014

A compact Ka‐band (26.5–40 GHz) dielectric rod end‐fired antenna array for the three‐dimensional (3D) active holographic imaging system is presented. Without horn shape feeding, the new antenna array is specially designed with characteristics such as small size, high gain, good radiation pattern, easy realisation, low insertion loss and low mutual coupling. In the imaging system, the spacing of sending and receiving antenna units is 1.5 wavelengths with mutual coupling <−30 dB and a gain of 12–16 dB. The results and analysis provide guidelines for the design of millimetre‐wave end‐fired antenna arrays.
How novels feel
Authors: Keller Wolfram R. , Lohöfer Astrid , Ott Christine 
Published: March 2014

This chapter investigates the depiction of cognitive processes within two “autofictional” novels, Serge Doubrovsky’s Fils and David Williams’s Eye of the Father. Both works feature literary scholars as the main protagonists, who recognize their own emotional predicament through their emotional and rational interpretations of literature. These texts speak in interesting ways to – and challenge – recent work in cognitive poetics, raising the question whether rational or emotional reading processes trigger epiphanies. Both novels suggest that the two different literary responses are interdependent, thus rendering suspect the possibility of purely rational, objective approaches to literature. Reading the novels at the nexus of emotion, “autofiction”, and interpretation, we argue that literary scholarship needs to account for emotional-subjective and rational-objective approaches.
Parameter setting and input reduction
Authors: Evers Arnold Ernest , van Kampen Jacqueline 
Published: March 2014

The language acquisition procedure identifies certain properties of the target
grammar before others. The evidence from the input is processed in a stepwise
order. Section 1 equates that order and its typical effects with an order of
parameter setting. The question is how the acquisition procedure derives the
order from input evidence. Section 2 proposes a systematic input reduction for
functional categories as the key; the reduction residue contains no more than
a single non-acquired functional category (F?) that is first seen as an optional
element only. If that functional category has turned into the most preferred
option, the input reduction shifts its acquisition focus to the next functional
category. Section 3 and 4 demonstrate how quantitative proportions within the
child’s input reduction determine the underlying order as SOV in Dutch before
the V-second shift for root sentences is derived. The child’s input reductions are
claimed to follow from ignorance rather than from any a priori information.
It is argued that parameters are formal properties of the grammatical system
that originate as cultural discoveries made by a reflexive mind rather than
being task-specific neural a prioris. Section 5 suggests that this view can be
extended to syntactic islands.
Focusing strategies in Old French and Old Irish
Authors: Wehr Barbara 
Published: March 2014

A central pragmatic function is “Focus” (the concept which the speaker thinks is of special importance), with the subfunctions “Contrast” (“X and not Y”), “Exhaustive listing” (“X and nothing/nobody else”) and Emphatic focus, which correspond to different pragmatic intentions of the speaker. In Old Irish, “Contrast” and “Exhaustive listing” are obligatorily marked, as it seems, by the cleft construction. In contrast the cleft construction is rarely attested in Old French, as there existed a free word accent, so focused elements could be highlighted either by prosodic means only or by word-order (sentence-initial position) + prosodic means. The growing frequency of the cleft construction in Middle French can be related to the coming into existence of themot phonétique.
This contribution continues the approach of Wehr (1998) and (2001) in a historical perspective. The fact that the single word has no autonomy within thechaîne parléeis there made the basis for a Western-AtlanticSprachbundcomprising the Celtic languages, French and Portuguese.
Argument structure and alignment variations and changes in Late Latin
Authors: Cennamo Michela 
Published: March 2014

This paper explores the diachronic relationship between the active/neutral realignment of grammatical relations taking place in Late Latin, manifested by accusative subjects, and the temporary loss of the grammatical dimension of voice. These two clusters of changes can be shown to reflect the rise of headmarking patterns in a predominantly dependent-marking language such as Latin in the passage to Romance.
Three parameters play a role in the spread of the accusative into the functional domains of the nominative for non-object, core arguments: semantic (the inactive nature of the arguments), syntactic (the degree of syntactic cohesion between the argument and its predicate), pragmatic (the grammaticalization of a constituent originally denoting the topic of the clause), interacting, in the course of time, with the restructuring of the voice system.
Polysynthesis as a typological feature
Authors: de Reuse Willem J. 
Published: March 2014

Polysynthesis is characterized as a type of morphology, qualitatively different from inflectional morphology and from derivational morphology and redefined as productive noninflectional concatenation (PNC). Like syntax and unlike derivational morphology, PNC is fully productive, potentially recursive, necessarily concatenative, allows for ordering variability of some elements, and interacts with syntax. Unlike inflectional morphology and like syntax and derivational morphology, PNC can be category-changing. This postulated morphological feature is very prevalent in polysynthetic language families such as Eskimo (illustrated by Siberian Yupik), but not very prevalent in other language families often designated as polysynthetic, such as Athabascan (illustrated by Western Apache). This new characterization of polysynthesis has as an interesting consequence its existence, to a small degree, in Indo-European languages.
Towards a molecular systems model of coronary artery disease
Authors: Abraham Gad , Bhalala Oneil G. , de Bakker Paul I.W. , Ripatti Samuli , Inouye Michael 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex disease driven by myriad interactions of genetics and environmental factors. Traditionally, studies have analyzed only one disease factor at a time, providing useful but limited understanding of the underlying etiology. Recent advances in cost-effective and high-throughput technologies, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, exome/genome sequencing, gene expression microarrays and metabolomics assays have enabled the collection of millions of data points in many thousands of individuals. In order to make sense of such ‘omics’ data, effective analytical methods are needed. We review and highlight some of the main results in this area, focusing on integrative approaches that consider multiple modalities simultaneously. Such analyses have the potential to uncover the genetic basis of CAD, produce genomic risk scores (GRS) for disease prediction, disentangle the complex interactions underlying disease, and predict response to treatment.
4D printing – revolution or fad?
Authors: Pei Eujin 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– This feature article aims to review state-of-the-art developments in additive manufacture, in particular, 4D printing. It discusses what it is, what research has been carried out and maps potential applications and its future impact.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article first defines additive manufacturing technologies and goes on to describe the state-of-the-art. Following which the paper examines several case studies and maps a trend that shows an emergence of 4D printing.

Findings
– The case studies highlight a particular specialization within additive manufacture where the use of adaptive, biomimetic composites can be programmed to reshape, or have embedded properties or functionality that transform themselves when subjected to external stimuli.

Originality/value
– This paper discusses the state-of-the-art of additive manufacture, discussing strategies that can be used to reduce the print process (such as through kinematics); and the use of smart materials where parts adapt themselves in response to the surrounding environment supporting the notion of self-assemblies.
A static analogy for 2D tolerance analysis
Authors: Armillotta Antonio 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to present a method for the tolerance analysis of mechanical assemblies that is suitable to nonlinear problems where explicit functional equations are difficult or even impossible to write down. Such cases are usually modelled by linearised tolerance chains, whose coefficients (or sensitivities) are calculated from assembly data.Design/methodology/approach– The method is based on the free-body diagrams of force analysis, which are shown to be related to the sensitivities of linearised functional equations. Such an analogy allows the conversion of a tolerance chain into a corresponding static problem, which can be solved by common algebraic or graphical procedures.Findings– The static analogy leads to a correct treatment of tolerance chains, as the analysis of several examples has confirmed by comparison to alternative methods.Research limitations/implications– Currently, the method has only been tested on two-dimensional chains of linear dimensions for assemblies with nonredundant kinematic constraints among parts.Practical implications– The proposed method lends itself to ready application by using simple operations with minimal software assistance. This could make it complementary to current methods for calculating sensitivities, which are mathematically complex and require software implementation for deployment in industrial practice.Originality/value– Analogy with force analysis, which has not been previously highlighted in the literature, is a potentially interesting concept that could be extended to a wider range of tolerancing problems.
Corruption and internet governance
Authors: Sutherland Ewan 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to review the extent and the manner in which internet governance systems could and do engage with the problems of potential and actual corruption.

Design/methodology/approach
– A review of internet multistakeholder systems and their compatibility with global best practice in countering corruption.

Findings
– The multistakeholder systems contain systemic weaknesses, exposing them to risks of corruption and capture that would be very difficult to identify and eradicate.

Practical implications
– A number of opportunities are identified to improve resilience of internet multistakeholder systems against the dangers of capture and corruption.

Originality/value
– There is no research published on this topic.
Do “rising stars” avoid risk?: status-based labels and decision making
Authors: Kotlyar Igor , Karakowsky Leonard , Jo Ducharme Mary , A. Boekhorst Janet 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine how status-based labels, based on future capabilities, can impact people's risk tolerance in decision making.Design/methodology/approach– In this paper the authors developed and tested theoretical arguments using a set of three studies employing a scenario-based approach and a total of 449 undergraduate business students.Findings– The findings suggest that labeling people in terms of future capabilities can trigger perceptions of public scrutiny and influence their risk preferences. Specifically, the results reveal that individuals who are recipients of high-status labels tend to choose lower risk decision options compared to their peers.Research limitations/implications– The study employed scenarios to examine the issue of employee labeling. The extent to which these scenarios have truly captured the dynamics of labeling is questionable, and future research should employ a field-based study to examine whether the reported effect can be observed in a “real” work context.Practical implications– Organizations are concerned about their future leadership capacity and often attempt to grow leadership talent by identifying high-potential employees early on. The results of this study suggest that such practice may have an unintentional negative effect of reducing high-potentials’ tolerance toward risky decision making, thus potentially impacting these future leaders’ decision making in the realm of corporate strategy, R&D, etc.Originality/value– The issue of how labeling individuals in terms of future capabilities can impact their risk preference has been largely ignored by organizational research. This paper suggests that the popular practice of identifying high-potential employees may have unintentional negative effects by lowering their risk tolerance.
CSR reporting in the United States and Russia
Authors: Bashtovaya Veronika 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to contribute to the scarce body of academic research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in BRIC countries and Russia in particular, by performing a comparative analysis of CSR, reporting of ten major players in the energy sector in the USA and Russia.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study applies a content analysis research design in order to obtain an in-depth understanding of the key themes communicated in the reports. Drawing on an institutional approach to CSR, this study attempts to explain revealed differences in CSR reporting in Russian and American companies.

Findings
– The results suggest that Russian companies compared to American ones report more extensively on the areas of social performance and CSR issues related to employees and consumers. Nevertheless, American reports contain topics of global concern in the scope of environmental performance that are omitted by Russian companies.

Practical implications
– The paper deepens the understanding of CSR reporting specificity related to an institutional context and suggests that CSR fills different needs in different types of societies.

Originality/value
– The study contributes to the academic research on CSR in BRIC countries and provides some insights into how the revealed differences between Russian and American reports in the energy industry can be explained using an institutional approach.