bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumers' reactions to food scares
Authors: Niewczas Magdalena 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn the past decade many food hazards appeared (i.e. bacteria of Escherichia coli, dioxins in pork). When information about food hazards is announced, many concerns about food product arise. As a result consumers stop buying the kind of food in which hazard appears, which makes losses to the food producer. In this study, the results of survey are presented. The survey was conducted among 712 respondents in the southeast Poland. Respondents were asked about the source of information they prefer to be informed about the food hazard, their reactions to food hazard and their ways to protect themselves from food hazards in case of food scares. On the basis of the results, it was found that the main sources of information they prefer are television (85.4% of indications) and the Internet (61.4% of indications). Moreover, when a food hazard appears and consumers are informed about this fact their first reaction is to check if they have bought this product, and 30% of respondents declared that they would not buy this product again. To make sure that a particular food product is safe, consumers buy products they know (70.5% respondents). The answers varied on the socio‐demographic characteristics of respondents.
Occult tinea pedis in an Israeli population and predisposing factors for the acquisition of the disease
Authors: Sakka Nicole , Shemer Avner , Barzilai Aviv , Farhi Renata , Daniel Ralph 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundTinea pedis is a commonly encountered dermatophytic infection with a clinical prevalence of 15–25%. Limited studies have evaluated the prevalence of occult tinea pedis.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of occult tinea pedis in asymptomatic subjects with feet that appeared healthy and to identify possible related risk factors.MethodsA prospective study of 221 asymptomatic subjects with apparently normal feet was conducted. All subjects completed a questionnaire covering anamnestic details (personal and family histories of tinea pedis, preferred footwear) and were examined for foot odor and the clinical presence of tinea pedis and onychomycosis. Samples were taken from the foot for direct microscopic examination and culture.ResultsAmong the 221 patients, 31 (14.0%) were positive for occult tinea pedis. Positive cultures from both the anterior and posterior aspects of the foot were obtained in 22 patients. The most common pathogen isolated was Trichophyton rubrum. Strong correlations emerged between occult tinea pedis and characteristics such as male gender, foot odor, previous personal and family histories of tinea pedis, and clinical and mycological evidence of onychomycosis. No significant associations were found between occult tinea pedis and age or preferred footwear.ConclusionsThe prevalence of occult tinea pedis is similar to that of clinical tinea pedis. This may imply that patients with subclinical infection carry a risk for transmitting disease similar to that of clinical carriers. This is of great importance in the prevention and management of the disease as high‐risk asymptomatic carriers can be identified.
Antinuclear antibodies in atopic dermatitis: a cross‐sectional study on 346 children
Authors: Ress Krista , Metsküla Kaja , Annus Triine , Putnik Urve , Lepik Kristi , Luts Katrin , Uibo Oivi , Uibo Raivo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that can be classified into an extrinsic or intrinsic type. A high percentage of patients, especially adults with the extrinsic type of AD, have been reported to show antibodies to antinuclear proteins (ANA). We aimed to study the prevalence of ANA in children with AD and to evaluate clinical differences between patients with ANA‐positive and ANA‐negative AD.MethodsA total 346 serum samples from children with active AD (mean age 5.8 years) and 117 hospital controls without known skin, inflammatory, or immune‐mediated disease (mean age 7.9 years) were tested for IgG ANA with indirect immunofluorescence on HEp‐2 cells, total serum IgE levels, and IgE type antibodies to food allergen panels.ResultsIn total, 47 patients with AD (13.6%) and 15 subjects in the control group (12.8%) were ANA positive at screening dilution 1:10 (P > 0.05). In patients with AD, ANA was found already at the age of 2 years, significantly more often in females (P < 0.005) and at slightly higher titers (up to 1:160). No differences were found in ANA positivity regarding the severity of AD or sensitization to food allergens.ConclusionNo significant differences were observed between AD and the control group, or between different subtypes of AD in ANA prevalence. In both groups, ANA frequency increased with age, but in patients with AD, ANA had a tendency to appear earlier. Therefore, active AD during the early years of life could dispose selected patients towards earlier development of systemic autoreactivity and stress the need for regular follow‐up of patients with ANA‐positive AD.
Antioxidant and nitric oxide inhibitory activities of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) protein hydrolysate: effect of ultrasonic pretreatment and ultrasonic‐assisted enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Kangsanant Sureeporn , Murkovic Michael , Thongraung Chakree 
Published: April 2014

SummaryUltrasound was incorporated to processing of fish protein hydrolysate to facilitate homogenate pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) muscle protein. Their effects on Flavourzyme hydrolysis and biological activities of the tilapia hydrolysate were examined. The ultrasound‐assisted hydrolysis caused reduction in degree of hydrolysis ranging from 23% to 35% relative to that of the conventional process. The 70 W ultrasound‐assisted hydrolysis process increased DPPH radical‐scavenging activity and reducing power of tilapia hydrolysate prepared from the non‐pretreatment homogenate by 33% and 45%, respectively. All hydrolysates have no cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 cell lines at the maximum concentration of 20 mg protein mL−1. The 70 W ultrasound pretreatment at 30 and 45 min combined with conventional hydrolysis is the suitable condition for producing tilapia hydrolysate with nitric oxide inhibitory and antioxidative activities on RAW264.7 cell lines, respectively. As a result, ultrasound could be applied to enzymatic protein hydrolysis either as pretreatment or during the hydrolysis.
Optimal flagging combinations for best performance of five blood cell analyzers
Authors: Depoorter M. , Goletti S. , Latinne D. , Defour JP. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryIntroductionCorelab automation needs increasingly more efficient hematology analyzers and algorithms to adequately detect abnormal samples. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of combining flags or to adjust their trigger level to identify positive samples for further detection within a smear.MethodsFive hundred and seventeen EDTA samples from patients followed for hematological malignancies were randomly analyzed on Sysmex XE2100 and XN2000, Abbott Cell‐Dyn Sapphire, Beckman Coulter DXH800 and Siemens ADVIA 2120. A blood smear as well as a buffy coat was further performed for each of them.ResultsOur results shows that depending on the flags, the combinations of them and the thresholds we use, analyzers can provide extremely variable results in their performances for detecting abnormal cells. ADVIA and XN2000 show remarkable performance for blasts detection. DXH800 is the most sensitive for the detection of abnormal lymphocytes, while XN outperforms the market for immature granulocytes and nucleated red blood cell.ConclusionFlagging performances have been shown to be inconsistent among the different manufacturers. This article should help laboratory professionals in their quest for the best flagging schemes and give them a baseline in the selection of the most appropriate analyzer.
Screening and confirmation of hereditary spherocytosis in children using a CELL‐DYN Sapphire haematology analyser
Authors: Rooney S. , Hoffmann J. J. M. L. , Cormack O. M. , McMahon C. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryIntroductionMultidimensional optical scatter of sphered erythrocytes can identify and enumerate hyperchromic erythrocytes, which might be used for hereditary spherocytosis (HS) screening. The flow cytometric eosin‐5′‐maleimide test (EMA) is highly sensitive and specific for HS as a confirmatory method. The aims of this study were to assess the utility of hyperchromic erythrocytes in HS screening and to evaluate the EMA test performed on CELL‐DYN Sapphire analyser compared with the reference method.MethodsBlood from 740 paediatric patients presenting at our institution was analysed in reticulocyte mode of the CELL‐DYN Sapphire haematology analyser (Abbott Diagnostics) to obtain hyperchromic erythrocyte counts. The EMA test was performed using a flow cytometer as a reference, as well as CELL‐DYN Sapphire as an investigational method.ResultsHyperchromic erythrocytes were the highest in patients with HS (median 11.5%; range 5.1–29.2%). Patients with autoimmune haemolytic disease had significantly less hyperchromic erythrocytes (median 4.9%; range 0.0–18.3%). Hyperchromic erythrocytes showed a high area under the ROC curve: 0.972. At 4.9% cut‐off, hyperchromic erythrocytes detected HS with 96.4% sensitivity and 99.1% specificity. The EMA test on CELL‐DYN Sapphire correlated strongly with the reference test and had identical diagnostic power. Stability studies with blood from HS patients showed a significant decrease in hyperchromic erythrocytes after 6 h storage.ConclusionsMeasurement of hyperchromic erythrocytes is highly sensitive and specific for detecting HS and can be used for rapid and inexpensive screening. If required, the EMA test can be performed on CELL‐DYN Sapphire or a standard flow cytometer for confirmation of HS.
Total daily fluoride intake and the relative contributions of foods, drinks and toothpaste by 3‐ to 4‐year‐old children in the Gaza Strip – Palestine
Authors: Abuhaloob Lamis , Maguire Anne , Moynihan Paula 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundChildren in Gaza Strip suffer from a high prevalence of dental fluorosis.AimsTo estimate and compare total daily fluoride (F) intake (TDFI) and investigate the relative contributions of different sources of F to TDFI, in 3‐ to 4‐year‐old children in Gaza Strip, exposed to low (<0.7 mg/litre), moderate (0.7–1.2 mg/litre) or high (>1.2 mg/litre) F concentrations in tap water.DesignA 3‐day food diary and samples of tap water, drinks, foods, toothpastes and toothbrushing expectorate were collected from 216 children receiving low (n = 81), moderate (n = 72) or high (n = 63) F concentrations in tap water. F concentration of samples was analysed using an F‐ion‐selective electrode. TDFI from all sources was estimated. Data were analysed by anova and Tukey's test.ResultsThe mean (±SD) F concentration in low, moderate and high F tap waters was 0.21(±0.15), 0.91(±0.13) and 1.71(±0.35) mg/litre, respectively. Mean (±SD) TDFI was 0.02(±0.01), 0.04(±0.01) and 0.05(±0.03) mg/kg bw/day, respectively (P < 0.0001). Foods made the largest contribution (63.9%) to TDFI.ConclusionTotal daily fluoride (F) intake increased as F concentration in tap water increased. Foods were the primary source of F. Programmes for monitoring fluoride expose should consider the fluoride concentration of water used for food preparation and local dietary behaviours.
Disentangling the influence of climatic and geological changes on species radiations
Authors: Linder H. Peter , Rabosky Daniel L. , Antonelli Alexandre , Wüest Rafael O. , Ohlemüller Ralf 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimOur aim was to seek explanations for the differences in the diversity among the austral continents by comparing the diversification rates and patterns in the grass subfamily Danthonioideae. We asked specifically whether diversification is density dependent, whether it is different for each continent, and whether immigration rates impact on diversification rates. We attempted to account for intercontinental differences by comparing the Pleistocene climatic and Neogene geomorphological histories with the inferred diversification rates.LocationMainly the Southern Hemisphere, treated as four areas for the analyses: Africa, Australia, New Zealand and South America.MethodsWe based our analyses on a densely sampled, dated phylogeny for the grass subfamily Danthonioideae. We compared 24 diversification models for these continental radiations, taking into account speciation models, and extinction and dispersal rates. We used available distribution data to infer the climates under which danthonioids are found, and used these to estimate the change in area and location of suitable habitats between contemporary and Last Glacial Maximum climates. We inferred the geomorphological history from the literature.ResultsWe show that long‐distance dispersal led to parallel radiations, which more than doubled the final standing diversity in the subfamily. Diversification models with the strongest support included separate time‐varying diversification processes for each major geographical region. Pleistocene climatic fluctuation did not explain the intercontinental differences in diversification patterns.Main conclusionsAlthough our results are consistent with density‐dependent diversification, this explanation is not consistent with the time of arrival of danthonioids on each continent. The diversification patterns on the four major Southern Hemisphere landmasses are idiosyncratic. The two most important predictors of diversity may be the lineage‐specific effect of time, and the general effect of topographical complexity and orogenesis.
Neo‐sex chromosome inheritance across species in Silene hybrids
Authors: Weingartner L. A. , Delph L. F. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNeo‐sex chromosomes, which form through the major restructuring of ancestral sex chromosome systems, have evolved in various taxa. Such restructuring often consists of the fusion of an autosome to an existing sex chromosome, resulting in novel sex chromosome formations (e.g. X1X2Y or XY1Y2.). Comparative studies are often made between restructured sex chromosome systems of closely related species, and here we evaluate the consequences of variable sex chromosome systems to hybrids. If neo‐sex chromosomes are improperly inherited across species, this could lead to aberrant development and reproductive isolation. In this study, we examine the fate of neo‐sex chromosomes in hybrids of the flowering plants Silene diclinis and Silene latifolia. Silene diclinis has a neo‐sex chromosome system (XY1Y2) that is thought to have evolved from an ancestral XY system that is still present in S. latifolia. These species do not hybridize naturally, and improper sex chromosome inheritance could contribute to reproductive isolation. We investigated whether this major restructuring of sex chromosomes prevents their proper inheritance in a variety of hybrid crosses, including some F2‐ and later‐generation hybrids, with sex chromosome‐linked, species‐specific, polymorphic markers and chromosome squashes. We discovered that despite the differences in sex chromosomes that exist between these two species, proper segregation had occurred in hybrids that made it to flowering, including later‐generation hybrids, indicating that neo‐sex chromosome formation alone does not result in complete reproductive isolation between these two species. Additionally, hybrids with aberrant sex expression (e.g. neuter, hermaphrodite) also inherited the restructured sex chromosomes properly, highlighting that issues with sexual development in hybrids can be caused by intrinsic genetic incompatibility rather than improper sex chromosome inheritance.
Association of antibodies to ganglioside complexes and conduction blocks in axonal Guillain‐Barré syndrome presenting as acute motor conduction block neuropathy
Authors: Créange Alain , Shahrizaila Nortina , Salhi Hayet , Lefaucheur Jean‐Pascal , Yuki Nobuhiro 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA close relationship between acute motor conduction block neuropathy and antibodies against the complex of GM1 and GalNAc‐GD1a has been reported. This study investigates the hypothesis that conduction block at the early phase of axonal Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is also associated with such ganglioside complexes. Sera were obtained from seven French patients with initial evidence of isolated conduction blocks that resolved or progressed to acute motor axonal neuropathy. Serum IgG to asialo‐GM1 and gangliosides of LM1, GM1, GM1b, GD1a, GalNAc‐GD1a, GD1b, GT1a, GT1b, and GQ1b as well as their complexes were measured. Five of seven patients progressed within the first month of disease to AMAN. One patient had IgG antibodies against the complex of asialo‐GM1 and each of the other ganglioside antigens. Another patient carried IgG antibodies against GM1 complex with GM1b, GD1a, and GT1a as well as asialo‐GM1 complex with GD1a and GT1a. None had IgG antibodies against GM1/GalNAc‐GD1a complex. Six patients had IgG against single antigens GM1, GD1a, GalNAc‐GD1a, GD1b, and asialo‐GM1. In three patients, a reduced reaction against GM1/GalNAc‐GD1a complex was observed. The presence of conduction block in axonal GBS is not always associated with anti‐GM1/GalNAc‐GD1a complex antibodies.
Benefiting from creative activity: The positive relationships between creative activity, recovery experiences, and performance‐related outcomes
Authors: Eschleman Kevin J. , Madsen Jamie , Alarcon Gene , Barelka Alex 
Published: April 2014

Employees have limited personal time to engage in activities that enable them to recover from a demanding work environment and perform at a high level. To evaluate the importance of non‐work creative activity, we conducted two studies that examine the relationships between non‐work creative activity, recovery experiences, and performance‐related behaviours at work. Study 1 included employees who provided self‐rated performance‐related outcomes, whereas Study 2 included employees with other‐rated (co‐workers and subordinates) performance‐related outcomes. Creative activity was positively associated with recovery experiences (i.e., mastery, control, and relaxation) and performance‐related outcomes (i.e., job creativity and extra‐role behaviours). The mediating effects of recovery experiences were examined to better understand the underlying processes involved in the relationship between creative activity and performance‐related outcomes. Creative activity was found to have both indirect effects and direct effects on performance‐related outcomes, but the effects varied by the type of performance‐related outcome. The results indicate that organizations may benefit from encouraging employees to consider creative activities in their efforts to recover from work.Practitioner points

Organizations should increase employee awareness of the benefits of creative activity on recovery. Many companies already provide information to employees regarding the importance of specific activities (e.g., eating habits, exercise) on physical health. Information on activities that influence recovery – a psychological health consequence – should be included in the informational resource provided to employees.

Organizations may consider professional development opportunities for employees that involve creative activities while away from work. Creative activities are likely to provide valuable experiences of mastery and control, but may also provide employees experiences of discovery that uniquely influence performance‐related outcomes. Opportunities used by large organizations, such as Zappos Inc., include employees bringing their artwork to work to decorate their offices. Other options include memberships to art studios, creative writing resources, and access to musical instruments.
Aggressive forms of periodontitis secondary to systemic disorders
Authors: Khocht Ahmed , Albandar Jasim M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA number of systemic disorders increase a patient’s susceptibility to destructive periodontitis and have impacts on periodontal disease progression and severity. The underlying factors are usually genetic and are mainly related to alterations in the immune response and in certain endocrine functions, leading to various syndromes in which periodontitis and/or early tooth loss are secondary manifestations. Neutrophils are important immune defense cells that play a significant role in controlling the spread of microbial plaque infections in the dentogingival region. This review focuses on a selected group of systemic disorders that are associated with alterations in either neutrophil counts (quantitative disorders) or function (qualitative disorders), and defects in the mineralization of bone and dental tissues. In most of these diseases controlling the periodontal disease progression is very challenging. Proper diagnosis is a prerequisite for proper management of the periodontal problem. Future advances in research, including gene targeting and the resolution of enzyme deficiencies, may bring about remedies of the underlying systemic disorders and may significantly improve the outcome of periodontal treatment in these patients.
Microbiology of aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Könönen Eija , Müller Hans‐Peter 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFor decades, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been considered the most likely etiologic agent in aggressive periodontitis. Implementation of DNA‐based microbiologic methodologies has considerably improved our understanding of the composition of subgingival biofilms, and advanced open‐ended molecular techniques even allow for genome mapping of the whole bacterial spectrum in a sample and characterization of both the cultivable and not‐yet‐cultivable microbiota associated with periodontal health and disease. Currently, A. actinomycetemcomitans is regarded as a minor component of the resident oral microbiota and as an opportunistic pathogen in some individuals. Its specific JP2 clone, however, shows properties of a true exogenous pathogen and has an important role in the development of aggressive periodontitis in certain populations. Still, limited data exist on the impact of other microbes specifically in aggressive periodontitis. Despite a wide heterogeneity of bacteria, especially in subgingival samples collected from patients, bacteria of the red complex in particular, and those of the orange complex, are considered as potential pathogens in generalized aggressive periodontitis. These types of bacterial findings closely resemble those found for chronic periodontitis, representing a mixed polymicrobial infection without a clear association with any specific microorganism. In aggressive periodontitis, the role of novel and not‐yet‐cultivable bacteria has not yet been elucidated. There are geographic and ethnic differences in the carriage of periodontitis‐associated microorganisms, and they need to be taken into account when comparing study reports on periodontal microbiology in different study populations. In the present review, we provide an overview on the colonization of potential periodontal pathogens in childhood and adolescence, and on specific microorganisms that have been suspected for their role in the initiation and progression of aggressive forms of periodontal disease.