bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genistein and daidzein, typical soy isoflavones, inhibit TNF‐α‐mediated downregulation of adiponectin expression via different mechanisms in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Yanagisawa Masayoshi , Sugiya Masahiro , Iijima Hiroshi , Nakagome Izumi , Hirono Shuichi , Tsuda Takanori 
Published: October 2012

ScopePrevious reports suggest that soy isoflavones have multiple biological functions and may help to restore adiponectin expression and insulin sensitivity. However, little is known about whether soy isoflavones can inhibit the downregulation of adiponectin and their molecular mechanisms. In the present study, we demonstrate that genistein (Gen) or daidzein (Dai) can significantly inhibit the downregulation of adiponectin expression via unique and different molecular mechanisms.Methods and resultsPretreatment with Gen or Dai significantly inhibited the tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐mediated downregulation of adiponectin expression in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Gen inhibited the TNF‐α‐induced c‐Jun‐NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling that is involved in adiponectin expression. Molecular docking studies based on JNK1 with Gen or Dai clearly supported our experimental results. However, Dai did not significantly inhibit JNK signaling. Dai did, however, inhibit the TNF‐α‐induced downregulation of forkhead box‐containg protein O1, which is also involved in adiponectin expression.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that: (i) both Gen and Dai significantly inhibit the TNF‐α‐mediated downregulation of adiponectin in adipocytes; (ii) Gen is an effective inhibitor of JNK activation, thus inhibiting the TNF‐α‐mediated downregulation of adiponectin; and (iii) Dai can inhibit the downregulation of adiponectin by restoring the TNF‐α‐mediated reduction of forkhead box‐containg protein O1 protein expression.
Finite volume element method for monotone nonlinear elliptic problems
Authors: Bi Chunjia , Lin Yanping , Yang Min 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this article, we consider the finite volume element method for the monotone nonlinear second‐order elliptic boundary value problems. With the assumptions which guarantee that the corresponding operator is strongly monotone and Lipschitz‐continuous, and with the minimal regularity assumption on the exact solution, that is, u∈H1(Ω), we show that the finite volume element method has a unique solution, and the finite volume element approximation is uniformly convergent with respect to the H1 ‐norm. If u∈H1+ε(Ω),0 < ε ≤ 1, we develop the optimal convergence rate
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}\mathcal{O}(h^{\epsilon})\end{align*}\end{document}
in the H1 ‐norm. Moreover, we propose a natural and computationally easy residual‐based H1 ‐norm a posteriori error estimator and establish the global upper bound and local lower bounds on the error. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Two positivity preserving flux limited, second‐order numerical methods for a haptotaxis model
Authors: Kolev Mikhail K. , Koleva Miglena N. , Vulkov Lubin G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTwo numerical methods for a one‐dimensional haptotaxis model, which exploit the use of van Leer flux limiter, are developed and analyzed. Sufficient conditions time step size and flux limiting are given for such formulation to ensure the non‐negativity of the discrete solution and second‐order accuracy in space. Another advantage is that we avoid solving large nonlinear systems of algebraic equations. The discrete preservation of total conservation of cell density, concentration, and logarithmic density is also verified for the numerical solution. Numerical results concerning accuracy, convergence rate, positivity, and conservation properties are presented and discussed. Similar approach could be applied efficiently in the corresponding two‐ and three‐dimensional problems. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2013
Asymptotic‐preserving Godunov‐type numerical schemes for hyperbolic systems with stiff and nonstiff relaxation terms
Authors: Berthon C. , Chalons C. , Turpault R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe devise a new class of asymptotic‐preserving Godunov‐type numerical schemes for hyperbolic systems with stiff and nonstiff relaxation source terms governed by a relaxation time ε. As an alternative to classical operator‐splitting techniques, the objectives of these schemes are twofold: first, to give accurate numerical solutions for large, small, and in‐between values of ε and second, to make optional the choice of the numerical scheme in the asymptotic regime ε tends to zero. The latter property may be of particular interest to make easier and more efficient the coupling at a fixed spatial interface of two models involving very different values of ε. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
The design, synthesis, and nonlinear optical properties of novel X‐type polyurethane containing dicyanovinylnitroresorcinoxy group with enhanced SHG thermal stability
Authors: Song Mi Young , Jeon Byeongman , Kim Hak Jin , Lee Ju‐Yeon 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNovel X‐type polyurethane 5 containing 4‐(2′,2′‐dicyanovinyl)‐6‐nitroresorcinoxy groups as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, which constitute parts of the polymer backbone, was prepared and characterized. Polyurethane 5 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N‐dimethylformamide. It shows thermal stability up to 280 °C from thermogravimetric analysis with a glass transition temperature (Tg) obtained from differential scanning calorimetry thermogram of around 120 °C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of poled polymer film at 1064‐nm fundamental wavelength is around 6.12 × 10−9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibits a thermal stability even at 5 °C higher than Tg, and there was no SHG decay below 125 °C due to the partial main chain character of the polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Synthetic control of cage/network ratio of poly(methylsilsesquioxane)s for storage stability, hardness, and weather resistance of coating films
Authors: Urano Satoshi , Tomita Rie , Tadanaga Kiyoharu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPoly(methylsilsesquioxane) (PMSQ) was synthesized using a two‐step process consisting of hydrolysis of methyl trimethoxysilane (MTMS) with aluminum chelate catalyst and successive condensation reactions conducted at elevated temperatures. Results of nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared measurements show that all terminal functional groups were SiOH in PMSQ. Results show further that PMSQ has both a cage structure and a network structure, and a cage/network ratio is represented by a height ratio of −64.5/−66.6 ppm. PMSQ of different molecular weight but the same SiOH concentration is obtainable by varying the condensation reaction conditions such as the concentration, temperature, amount of aluminum chelate catalyst, and the solvent solubility parameter. A difference of the cage/network ratio occurs. A different cage/network ratio is dependent on the different reactivities of the intramolecular and intermolecular reactions. The relations of molecular structure of the obtained PMSQ molecular structure were characterized along with functions of storage stability, film hardness, and weather resistance. PMSQ designed with a larger cage/network ratio is necessary to obtain PMSQ with good storage stability and a coating film having good weather resistance. PMSQ designed with a smaller cage/network ratio should be prepared to obtain a coating film with high hardness. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
The benefits of a risk‐based approach to facility siting
Authors: Prophet Neil 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFacility siting has come under increasing scrutiny in recent years and is an important aspect of process safety for plant personnel and their contractors. American Petroleum Institute RP 752 outlines three basic facility siting assessment approaches that can be utilized: a consequence‐based approach, a quantified risk assessment approach, and a spacing tables approach. This article summarizes how a risk‐based approach to facility siting can provide the best understanding of onsite risks and can enable the most cost‐effective resolution of facility siting issues. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Safety system impairment and the need to manage peak risk
Authors: Lewis David K. , Henselwood Fred 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe catastrophic incident that occurred at Bhopal is often referenced with respect to inherent safety issues. Did intermediate chemicals need to be present? Should the neighboring community start at the fence line? Although likely not as important as the aforementioned fundamental considerations, the impairment of safety systems also played a significant role with respect to this event. These impairments took what should have been an unlikely incident and made the catastrophic outcome a near certainty.In this article, a methodology is proposed whereby one should consider both the annualized risk and the peak risk involved in various scenarios when managing process hazards. This approach looks at both the impacts of safety system impairments on the total risk and the fluctuations in short‐term risk levels that will occur at the time of any impairment. For organizations where detailed risk assessments have been conducted for safety instrumented systems, such as those values generated through methods like layer of protection analysis, general impairment guidance can be readily assembled. This guidance looks at the type of protection layer and the potential amount of increased risk, which will result from an impairment. The approach then considers both the duration of the impairment with respect to managing annualized risk and the need for interim risk reduction measures during the impairment to manage peak risk. Questions that arise from this approach include: how much fluctuation in risk is appropriate for an organization and how long should an impairment be allowed to go on for? © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Molecular tools for sterile sperm detection to monitor Ceratitis capitata populations under SIT programmes
Authors: Juan‐Blasco María , Sabater‐Muñoz Beatriz , Argilés Rafael , Jacas Josep A , Castañera Pedro , Urbaneja Alberto 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe success of an area‐wide sterile insect technique (SIT) programme against Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) relies on the mating success of sterile males in the field. Limited information is available about the effectiveness of sterile males in achieving mates with wild females and how these matings contribute to reducing wild populations. To this end, firstly a mating competition test was performed in the laboratory with different release ratios (1:1:0, 1:1:1, 1:1:5, 1:1:10 and 1:1:20 for wild females:wild males:sterile VIENNA‐8 males respectively) and different host fruit. Secondly, the same release ratios were evaluated under semi‐natural conditions on caged trees and on sentinel host.ResultsBy means of molecular markers, VIENNA‐8 male sperm was positively detected in those females exposed to the male ratios 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20 in the laboratory. In the field test, sterile VIENNA‐8 male matings and the C. capitata progeny on apples were positively correlated with the ratio of sterile males released and with the percentage of sterile matings respectively.ConclusionsThese results confirm the validity of using the molecular detection of VIENNA‐8 male sperm to predict the C. capitata population under semi‐natural conditions. Implications of these results in measuring the efficacy of an SIT programme are discussed. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis, radiolabeling, and preclinical evaluation of a new octreotide analog for somatostatin receptor‐positive tumor scintigraphy
Authors: De Kakali , Bhowmik Arijit , Behera Ashok , Banerjee Indranil , Ghosh Mrinal Kanti , Misra Mridula 
Published: October 2012

Radiolabeled somatostatin analogs have become powerful tools in the diagnosis and staging of neuroendocrine tumors, which express somatostatin receptors. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new somatostatin analog, 6‐hydrazinopyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid‐Ser3‐octreotate (HYNIC‐SATE) radiolabeled with 99mTc, using ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐diacetic acid and tricine as coligands, to be used as a radiopharmaceutical for the in vivo imaging of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2)‐positive tumor. Synthesis of the peptide was carried out on a solid phase using a standard Fmoc strategy. Peptide conjugate affinities for SSTR2 were determined by receptor binding affinity on rat brain cortex and C6 cell membranes. Internalization rate of 99mTc‐HYNIC‐SATE was studied in SSTR2‐expressing C6 cells that were used for intracranial tumor studies in rat brain. A reproducible in vivo C6 glioma model was developed in Sprague–Dawley rat and confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis. Biodistribution and imaging properties of this new radiopeptide were also studied in C6 tumor‐bearing rats. Radiolabeling was performed at high specific activities, with a radiochemical purity of >96%. Peptide conjugate showed high affinity binding for SSTR2 (HYNIC‐SATE IC50 = 1.60 ± 0.05 n m) and specific internalization into rat C6 cells. After administration of 99mTc‐HYNIC‐SATE in C6 glioma‐bearing rats, a receptor specific uptake of radioactivity was observed in SSTR‐positive organs and in the implanted intracranial tumor and rapid excretion from nontarget tissues via kidneys.99mTc‐HYNIC‐SATE is a new receptor‐specific radiopeptide for targeting SSTR2‐positive brain tumor and might be of great promise in the scintigraphy of SSTR2‐positive tumors. Copyright © 2012 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production of 3D‐shaped graphene via transfer printing
Authors: Winters Sinéad , Hallam Toby , Nolan Hugo , Duesberg Georg S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe present the fabrication of three‐dimensional graphene structures supported by a polymer scaffold. The structures are fabricated using transfer printing. The structures could have potential applications in electronics, sensing and electrochemical electrodes. Electrochemical measurements confirm an increase in surface area due to the folding of the graphene over the polymer scaffolding. Further, the production method opens the possibility for strain engineering in graphene, opening a wide range of potential novel effects in the physical and chemical properties of graphene.
Diffusion dynamics of the relaxed excited state in SrTiO3
Authors: Kohmoto T. , Ikeda D. , Liang X. , Moriyasu T. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe generation and diffusion dynamics of the optically induced lattice distortion in the relaxed excited state of SrTiO3 are studied by a transient birefringence experiment. The observed signal of the lattice distortion has a component which decays in the millisecond region. Its amplitude shows a nonlinear dependence on the pump power that indicates the relaxed excited state is generated through a multiphoton absorption process.We observed the lattice distortion induced by a separated pump beam from the probe beam. The signal of the lattice distortion appears later as the separation between the pump and probe beams becomes larger. Experimental results suggest that the optically induced lattice distortion diffuses spatially and its direction is along the crystal axes (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature‐dependent absorbance spectra of semiconductor‐dielectric photonic crystals
Authors: Barvestani Jamal 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTerahertz absorbance spectra of defective and non‐defective semiconductor‐dielectric photonic crystals are theoretically investigated. Two structures with a strongly temperature‐dependent permittivity will be considered at different temperatures. First, non‐defective structure of (Si02/InSb)N and second, defective structure of (Si/SiO2)N InSb(SiO2/Si)N which is completely similar to the structure reported by Hung et al. (J. Appl. Phys. 110, 093110 (2011)). We have shown that in the non‐defective structure the peak of absorbance takes place at band edges and the peak height is nearly 55% of incidence at 325 K and decrease to 12% at 225 K. In the second structure the most absorption takes place in defect mode frequency which is at least three times larger than band edge absorption. By increasing the temperature from 225 K to 325 K, the height of absorption increases from 6.8% to 50% of incident radiation and is slightly shifted to upper frequencies (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of Ce:LiYF4 bulk single crystal with high Ce concentration by Cz method and the scintillation properties
Authors: Yokota Yuui , Yamaji Akihiro , Kawaguchi Noriaki , Fukuda Kentaro , Kurosawa Shunsuke , Yoshikawa Akira 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCe 2% doped LiYF4 [Ce:LYF] bulk single crystal was grown by Czochralski method and the structural phase, crystallinity, optical properties and scintillation properties were investigated. Grown Ce:LYF bulk single crystal included some cracks in the initial part of crystal and meanwhile there were no visible cracks in the center and end parts. Full width of half maximum of X‐ray rocking curve on the plate crystal in center part of Ce:LYF bulk single crystal was 81.4 arcsec. Alpha‐ray position in the pulse‐height spectra under alpha‐ray irradiation was almost quarter that of Li‐glass(GS20). Decay times of the crystals in center and end parts were 69.9 and 58.3 ns, respectively (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐resolution optical coherence tomography using broadband light source with strain‐controlled InAs/GaAs quantum dots
Authors: Tsubaki Ippei , Harada Yukihiro , Kita Takashi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRecently, there has been an increasing interest in broadband light sources to develop a biomolecular imaging technique called optical coherence tomography (OCT). We fabricated superluminescent diodes (SLDs) using three kinds of quantum dot (QD) layers with different emission wavelength in the active region. The emission wavelength was controlled by reducing the strain in QDs by using In0.1Ga0.9As strain‐reducing layer. The SLD device showed a broad electroluminescence spectrum with the center wavelength of 1104 nm and the spectral linewidth of 122 nm at the injection of 40 mA, which corresponds to the theoretical axial resolution of 4.4 µm. To estimate the actual resolution of the OCT system using fabricated SLD, we measured the interference signal in the Michelson interferometer. An axial resolution of 5.4 µm, which is close to the theoretical limit, was obtained (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nanostructured molybdenum carbide thin films obtained by femtosecond pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Teghil Roberto , Bonis Angela De , Galasso Agostino , Sansone Maria , Rau Julietta V. , Santagata Antonio 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe films obtained by ultra‐short pulsed laser deposition of a target of molybdenum carbide, at different substrate temperatures, have been characterized by different techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, micro‐Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicate that the films are formed by a large number of particles with nanomentric dimensions and are composed mainly of Mo2C. The presence of an excess of carbon, found in the films, is probably due the presence of a certain amount of graphite in the target (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Detailed comparison of the pnicogen bond with chalcogen, halogen, and hydrogen bonds
Authors: Scheiner Steve 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe characteristics of the pnicogen bond are explored using a variety of quantum chemical techniques. In particular, this interaction is compared with its halogen and chalcogen bond cousins, as well as with the more common H‐bond. In general, these bonds are all of comparable strength. More specifically, they are strengthened by the presence of an electronegative substituent on the electron‐acceptor atom, and each gains strength as one moves down the appropriate column of the periodic table, for example, from N to P to As. These noncovalent bonds owe their stability to a mixture in nearly equal parts of electrostatic attraction and charge transfer, along with a smaller dispersion component. The charge transfer arises from the overlap between the lone pair of the electron donor and a σ* antibond of the acceptor. The angular characteristics of the equilibrium geometry result primarily from a compromise between electrostatic and induction forces. Angular distortions of the H‐bond are typically less energetically demanding than comparable bends of the other noncovalent bonds. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new event‐driven output‐based discrete‐time control for the sporadic MIMO tracking problem
Authors: Jetto L. , Orsini V. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents a new sporadic control approach to the tracking problem for MIMO closed‐loop systems. An LTI sampled data plant with unmeasurable state affected by external unknown disturbances is considered. The plant is interconnected to an event‐based digital dynamic output‐feedback controller via a network. Both the external reference and the unknown disturbance are assumed to be generated as the free output response of unstable LTI systems. The main feature of the new event‐driven communication logic (CL) is that it works without the strict requirement of a state vector available for measurement. The purpose of the CL is to reduce as much as possible the number of triggered messages along the feedback and feedforward paths with respect to periodic sampling, still preserving internal stability and without appreciably degrading the control system tracking capability.The proposed event‐driven CL is composed of a sensor CL (SCL) and of a controller CL (CCL). The SCL is based on the computation of a quadratic functional of the tracking error and of a corresponding suitably computed time‐varying threshold: a network message from the sensor to the controller is triggered only if the functional equals or exceeds the current value of the threshold. The CCL is directly driven by the SCL: the dynamic output controller sends a feedforward message to the plant only if it has received a message from the sensor at the previous sampled instant. Formulation of the controller in discrete‐time form facilitates its implementation and provides a minimum inter‐event time given by the sampling period. An example taken from the related literature shows the effectiveness of the new approach. The focus of this paper is on the stability and performance loss problems relative to the sporadic nature of the control law. Other topics such as network delay or packets dropout are not considered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.