bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Anion–Cation Combinations on the Physicochemical Properties of Advanced Electrolytes for Supercapacitors and the Capacitance of Activated Carbons
Authors: Pohlmann Sebastian , Kühnel Ruben‐Simon , Centeno Teresa A. , Balducci Andrea 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis work represents a systematic study of four conductive salts and their influence on the physicochemical properties of propylene‐carbonate‐based electrolytes for electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs). State‐of‐the‐art tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate is compared with tetraethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, N‐butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate, and N‐butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. By applying these salts, operating voltages of up to 3.5 V can be achieved while retaining a high performance. Furthermore, the influence of the conductive salts on the carbon–electrolyte interface is studied by comparing the electrochemical performance of five commercial porous carbons in the respective electrolytes. The choice of conductive salt has a great influence on the electrochemical performance and maximum operating voltage of an EDLC system, as well as on the specific capacitance of the chosen carbon material; this makes the choice of both materials crucial for successful EDLC design.
Biotemplated Palladium Catalysts Can Be Stabilized on Different Support Materials
Authors: Yates Matthew D. , Logan Bruce E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSustainably biotemplated palladium catalysts generated on different carbon‐based support materials are examined for durability under electrochemical (oxidative) and mechanical‐stress conditions. Biotemplated catalysts on carbon paper under both stresses retain 95 % (at 0.6 V) of the initial catalytic activity as opposed to 70 % for carbon cloth and 60 % for graphite. Graphite electrodes retain 95 % of initial catalytic activity under a single stress. Using electrodeposited polyaniline (PANI) and polydimethylsiloxane binder increases the current density after the stress tests by 22 %, as opposed to a 30 % decrease for Nafion. PANI‐coated electrodes retain more activity than carbon‐paper electrodes under elevated mechanical (94 versus 70 %) or increased oxidative (175 versus 62 %) stress. Biotemplated catalytic electrodes may be useful alternatives to synthetically produce catalysts for some electrochemical applications.
Performance characteristics of screening strategies for Lynch syndrome in unselected women with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer who have undergone universal germline mutation testing
Authors: Ferguson Sarah E. , Aronson Melyssa , Pollett Aaron , Eiriksson Lua R. , Oza Amit M. , Gallinger Steven , Lerner‐Ellis Jordan , Alvandi Zahra , Bernardini Marcus Q. , MacKay Helen J. , Mojtahedi Golnessa , Tone Alicia A. , Massey Christine , Clarke Blaise A. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDImmunohistochemistry (IHC) for mismatch repair protein expression, microsatellite instability (MSI) testing, tumor morphology, and family history were compared to determine which screening strategy is superior in identifying Lynch syndrome (LS) in unselected women with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer (EC) who have undergone universal germline mutation testing.METHODSA prospective cohort study was performed that recruited women with newly diagnosed EC. Participants completed a family history assessment with molecular characterization of EC with IHC and MSI testing and EC assessment for LS‐associated morphologic features and underwent universal germline mutation testing for mutations in the mismatch repair pathway. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were compared between the screening strategies.RESULTSA total of 118 (65%) of 182 consecutive women with EC participated. Of these, 34 women (29%) had tumors that were IHC deficient and 27 women (23%; N = 117) had tumors that were positive for MSI. Twenty women (17%) met IHC criteria and 16 women (15.2%, N = 105) met family history criteria based on Ontario Ministry of Health Criteria for the genetic assessment for LS. Seven women (5.9%) had a germline mutation: 4 had MLH1 (mutL homolog 1), 2 had MSH6 (mutS homolog 6), and 1 had MSH2 (mutS homolog 2). IHC in women aged <60 years had the best performance characteristics, with a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 86.1%, a positive predictive value of 58.3%, and a negative predictive value of 100%. Family history and tumor morphology both had the lowest sensitivity at 71.4%. Overall tumor morphology had the poorest performance, with a specificity of 42.1%.CONCLUSIONSThe mutation rate of 5.9% was higher than expected in this unselected cohort of women with EC. The superior screening strategy to identify women presenting with EC is universal IHC screening in women aged <60 years. Cancer 2014;;120:3932–3939. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of treatment‐induced pathologic necrosis in extremity and truncal soft tissue sarcoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Mullen John T. , Hornicek Francis J. , Harmon David C. , Raskin Kevin A. , Chen Yen‐Lin , Szymonifka Jackie , Yeap Beow Y. , Choy Edwin , DeLaney Thomas F. , Nielsen G. Petur 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDHistologic response to chemotherapy has been shown to be an independent prognostic factor in patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. However, in patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS), the prognostic impact of histologic response to chemotherapy is less clear. In the current study, the authors sought to determine the prognostic significance of treatment‐induced pathologic necrosis in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for STS.METHODSBetween 1989 and 2011, a total of 113 patients with grade 2 or 3 (graded according to the National Cancer Institute grading system using 3 tiers) extremity or truncal STS were identified who received neoadjuvant interdigitated chemoradiotherapy according to protocol followed by surgery. The extent of tumor necrosis in the resected specimens was quantified and correlated with outcome.RESULTSThe median tumor necrosis rate was 90%, and 103 patients (91%) received all 3 cycles of planned neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The likelihood of achieving ≥95% necrosis was not related to the number of preoperative cycles of chemotherapy received but was found to be related to tumor histology (62% for malignant fibrous histiocytoma vs 0% for synovial sarcoma [P<.001]; 56% for myxoid liposarcoma vs 0% for synovial sarcoma [P = .002]). At a median follow‐up of 6 years, there were no statistically significant differences noted in the 5‐year local control, disease‐specific survival, and overall survival rates for patients with ≥95% necrosis (50 patients; 44%) and <95% necrosis (63 patients; 56%), even when stratifying by histology.CONCLUSIONSIn a homogeneous population of patients with high‐grade extremity and truncal STS who were treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, the extent of pathologic tumor necrosis did not correlate with outcome. Cancer 2014;120:3676–3682. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Is metformin ready for prime time in pregnancy? Probably not yet
Authors: Fantus I. George 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMetformin is one of the most commonly used drugs to treat type 2 diabetes and is safe and effective. Its main mechanism of action is thought to be the activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) via inhibition of mitochondrial ATP generation. Recent use of metformin as an ‘insulin sensitizer’ in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome to increase fertility has been successful and resulted in the chance observation that continued use during pregnancy appeared to be safe. There are few studies of metformin in animal models of diabetic pregnancy. However, some data have implicated fetal AMPK activation in neural tube defects. While a recent report suggests that metformin may not activate fetal AMPK, which is reassuring, studies in pregnant woman with gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes, which are ongoing, require completion before we can conclude that its use in pregnancy is safe. Furthermore, follow‐up of the offspring will be critical to determine whether such treatment decreases or increases the development of obesity and diabetes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Malignant effects of multiple rare variants in sarcomere genes on the prognosis of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Jizheng , Wang Yilu , Zou Yubao , Sun Kai , Wang Zhimin , Ding Hu , Yuan Jinqing , Wei Wei , Hou Qing , Wang Hu , Liu Xuan , Zhang Hongju , Ji Yun , Zhou Xianliang , Sharma Ravi K. , Wang Daowen , Ahmad Ferhaan , Hui Rutai , Song Lei 
Published: July 2014

AimsAlthough genetic testing has been recommended in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in current clinical practice, its utility in prognostic prediction remains to be ascertained. We assessed the dosage effect of rare variants in sarcomere genes on the long‐term outcomes of HCM.Methods and resultsA total of 529 unrelated HCM patients were prospectively recruited and followed for 4.7 ± 3.2 years. Eight sarcomere genes were screened with targeted resequencing and identified variants were validated through Sanger sequencing. After polymorphisms and likely neutral rare variants were excluded, the patients were segregated into three groups based on the dosage of rare variants: no rare variant, a single rare variant, and multiple rare variants. Multiple rare variants were identified in 7.2% (38/529) of the study patients. Patients with multiple rare variants were younger at diagnosis, and had greater maximum LV wall thicknesses and larger left atria. The risk for cardiovascular death in patients with multiple rare variants was higher than in those without rare variants (P = 10−5) or in those with a single rare variant (P = 2 × 10−5). Multivariable analysis revealed that multiple rare variants were a risk factor for cardiovascular death [hazard ratio (HR) 3.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.84–7.58, P = 0.0003], as well as sudden cardiac death (HR 3.57, 95% CI 1.23–10.35, P = 0.019) and heart failure‐related death (HR 4.62, 95% CI 1.67–12.76, P = 0.003).ConclusionsThe presence of multiple rare variants in sarcomere genes is a risk factor for malignant outcomes in HCM, and may be appropriate to consider as a criterion in the risk stratification of HCM patients.
Dispositional optimism, optimism priming, and prevention of ego depletion
Authors: In Den Bosch‐Meevissen Yvo M. C. , Peters Madelon L. , Alberts Hugo J. E. M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractExerting self‐control leads to a diminished capacity to carry out successive acts of self‐control, a process termed ego depletion. The present study investigated whether dispositional optimism, priming of an optimistic orientation, or their interaction can counteract the ego depletion effect. A total of 160 participants performed a self‐control‐demanding weight‐lifting task on two occasions. Half of the participants were depleted between the two weight‐lifting tasks. Because depletion of self‐regulatory resources can undermine optimism half of the participants in the depletion, and no‐depletion condition were primed for an optimistic orientation before performing the second self‐control task. Results demonstrated an interaction between dispositional optimism and optimism priming. Only in participants high in dispositional optimism did the optimism prime lead to undiminished persistence on the weight‐lifting task. These results demonstrate that dispositional optimism may lead to improved goal persistence in the face of adversity only under conditions in which optimistic schemas are activated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization and validation of a novel CE method for the enantioseparation of pantoprazole and related benzimididazole using a dual chiral selector system
Authors: Guan Jin , Li Huan , Yan Feng , Shi Shuang , Wang Shilin 
Published: July 2014

A novel CE method was successfully applied to the enantioseparation of pantoprazole and related benzimidazoles, such as tenatoprazole, lansoprazole, and omeprazole. The chiral resolution was performed in an untreated fused‐sillica capillary using a dual chiral selector system consisting of copper (II)‐l‐histidine (l‐His) complex and hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD. The primary factors affecting its separation efficiency, such as chiral selector, buffer pH, and applied voltage, were optimized. The best results were obtained by using a buffer consisting of 20 mg/mL hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD, 10 mmol/L copper(II) acetate, 15 mmol/L l‐histidine, 5.0 mmol/L phosphate adjusted to pH 5.0, and 15 kV applied voltage. The enantiomers of all compounds were fully resolved within 20 min with high resolutions of 3.9 to 6.2. The optimized method was extensively validated for determination of the R‐(+)‐enantiomer impurity in S‐(–)‐pantoprazole. The LOD and LOQ for the R‐(+)‐enantiomer were 1.0 and 2.5 μg/mL, respectively. A good linear relationship was obtained in the concentration range of 2.5–25 μg/mL with r2 0.999 for the R‐(+)‐enantiomer. The percentage recovery of the R‐(+)‐enantiomer ranged from 91.6 to 101.3. The method is capable of determining a minimum limit of 0.1% w/w of R‐(+)‐enantiomer in S‐(–)‐pantoprazole bulk samples.
Methyl mercury and stable isotopes of nitrogen reveal that a terrestrial spider has a diet of emergent aquatic insects
Authors: Speir Shannon L. , Chumchal Matthew M. , Drenner Ray W. , Cocke W. Gary , Lewis Megan E. , Whitt Holly J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Terrestrial spiders transfer methyl mercury (MeHg) to terrestrial consumers such as birds, but how spiders become contaminated with MeHg is not well understood. In the present study, the authors used stable isotopes of nitrogen in combination with MeHg to determine the source of MeHg to terrestrial long-jawed orb weaver spiders (Tetragnatha sp). The authors collected spiders and a variety of other aquatic and terrestrial taxa from 10 shallow ponds in north Texas, USA. Based on MeHg concentrations and stable nitrogen isotope ratios, the authors identified distinct aquatic- and terrestrial-based food chains. Long-jawed orb weaver spiders belonged to the aquatic-based food chain, indicating that they are exposed to MeHg through their consumption of emergent aquatic insects. Additionally, the present study suggests that ecologists can use stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N) in conjunction with MeHg speciation analysis to distinguish between aquatic and terrestrial food chains. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2506–2509. © 2014 SETAC
Changes in nutritional composition, functional, and sensory properties of yam flour as a result of presoaking
Authors: Obadina Adewale Olusegun , Babatunde Bukunola Olaide , Olotu Ifeoluwa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of soaking pretreatments on some of the properties of flour obtained from two varieties of yam namely;Dioscorea alataandDioscorea rotundatawith a view of providing information that will enhance their end use. The yam varieties were washed, chipped, parboiled at 50°C, soaked for different periods (0, 6, 12, and 18 h), dried at 60°C, and milled into flour. The flour samples were analyzed for their nutritional composition, pH, color, and functional properties. The flour samples were also made into pastes and were sensorially analyzed and 0 h soaked samples were used as control. The protein content of 18 h‐soakedD. rotundataandD. alataflour samples was significantly different from the control and soaking had no effect (P > 0.05) on the fat and ash content but the carbohydrate content of the flour samples ranged from 83.08% to 86.13%. The 18 h‐soakedD. rotundataflour sample had the lowest peak viscosity, breakdown value, and final viscosity among theD. rotundatavariety samples. Pasting temperature ranged from 79.80 to 83.60°C and 6‐h soakedD. alataflour sample had the lowest water absorption capacity and the highest bulk density. On the basis of sensory analysis, the panelist preferred the taste, texture, color, and appearance of paste made from the 18‐h soakedD. rotundataflour to the paste of other flour samples. The results of this study show that D.rotundatashould be soaked for 18 h prior to drying and milling in order to obtain a good‐quality flour and paste.
Knotted Proteins under Tension
Authors: Chwastyk Mateusz , Cieplak Marek 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe study the behavior of two knotted proteins under stretching by a constant force within a coarse‐grained structure‐based model. One protein, with the structure code 1J85, has a knot that is deep and another, 2ETL, has a knot that is shallow. We demonstrate that tightening of the deep knot may take place before the ultimate end‐to‐end distance is achieved. However, as with proteins without knots, we observe the existence of a crossover between the low‐ and high‐force regimes of the dependence of the mean unfolding time (as defined through properties of the end‐to‐end distance) on the applied force. We find little correlation between the unfolding time and the final placement of the tightened knot. We also consider the novel mechanical protection strategy in the single‐molecule force spectroscopy of host‐guest fusion proteins. We find that it should be useful in studies of guest proteins with knots in the constant‐speed mode. However, at constant force, its usefulness is limited if the mechanostability of the host is larger than that of the guest molecule.
Rating Parkinson's Disease: A Contemporary Eye to Archival Patients
Authors: Jeanjean Anne P. , Aubert Genevieve 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this article, we present a detailed analysis of archival films of 12 different patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This unique collection of films was made by Arthur Van Gehuchten (1861–1914), the first professor of neurology in Belgium at the turn of the 20th century. These extraordinarily well‐preserved century‐old documents are a precise iconography of PD before encephalitis lethargica swept the world and with clinical features unaffected by treatments such as levodopa. In view of the universal interest of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society–sponsored revision of the UPDRS (MDS‐UPDRS) in evaluating patients with PD, we based our analysis on this scale. Of course, given the lack of detailed clinical files and the impossibility of rating a number of items, rating disease severity in a strict clinimetric sense could not be achieved. However, we did this exercise in order to place these one‐century‐old cases in a modern perspective. In most patients, we could score numerous items of the motor examination part of the MDS‐UPDRS. These archival documents constitute a superb lesson in the semiology of PD, which keeps today its fresh didactical value.
Semi‐LASER 1H MR spectroscopy at 7 Tesla in human brain: Metabolite quantification incorporating subject‐specific macromolecule removal
Authors: Penner Jacob , Bartha Robert 
Published: July 2014

PurposeTo develop an in vivo 1H short‐echo‐time semi‐LASER spectroscopy protocol at 7 Tesla (T) incorporating subject‐specific macromolecule removal.MethodsT1 constants of the major metabolites were measured with little macromolecule contribution in seven healthy volunteers and used to optimize double inversion metabolite nulling. Spectra were acquired from parietal–occipital cortex of five healthy volunteers. Metabolite‐nulled macromolecule spectra were subtracted from the metabolite spectra before fitting in the time domain with prior‐knowledge templates. Absolute metabolite concentrations were determined by referencing to the water signal, following partial volume and relaxation corrections.ResultsThe average signal to noise ratio, N‐acetylaspartate peak height divided by the baseline noise standard deviation, was 48 ± 6. T1 constants for N‐acetylaspartate, glutamate, creatine, and choline were 1.71 ± 0.15 s, 1.68 ± 0.19 s, 1.63 ± 0.10 s, and 1.41 ± 0.09 s, respectively. The optimal double inversion times for metabolite suppression were TI1 = 2.09 s and TI2 = 0.52 s. The coefficient of variation was less than 10% for N‐acetylaspartate, creatine, choline, and myo‐inositol, and less than 20% for glutamate and glutamine.ConclusionShort echo‐time 1H semi‐LASER spectroscopy at 7T incorporating subject‐specific macromolecule removal yielded reproducible brain metabolite concentrations ideal for applications in disease conditions where macromolecule contributions may deviate from the norm. Magn Reson Med 74:4–12, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adverse drug reaction reports of patients and healthcare professionals—differences in reported information
Authors: Rolfes Leàn , van Hunsel Florence , Wilkes Sarah , van Grootheest Kees , van Puijenbroek Eugène 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to explore the differences in reported information between adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports of patient and healthcare professionals (HCPs), and, in addition, to explore possible correlation between the reported elements of information.MethodsThis retrospective study compared the reported information between 200 ADR reports of patients and HCPs. Reports were rendered anonymous and scored for the presence or absence of predefined elements of information. These elements can be objective (e.g. start date of the ADR) or subjective (e.g. the impact or severity of the ADR).A two‐sided Pearson's Chi‐square test was used to detect statistically significant differences in the reported information. A Bonferroni correction was used to correct for multiple comparisons. Correlation between the elements of information was explored using categorical principal components analysis (CATPCA).ResultsOverall, HCPs had a higher score for the presence of objective and patients for subjective elements of information. Elements that were statistically significant more often reported by patients are the impact of the ADR and the patient's weight and height. HCPs statistically significant more often reported the medical history and the route of administration of the drug. CATPCA showed four clusters of elements of information that have fair correlation.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the differences in reported information between ADR reports of patients and HCPs. Patient reports are more focused on patient‐related information and the impact of the reported ADRs, whereas reports from HCPs provide more clinically related information. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detecting local residue environment similarity for recognizing near‐native structure models
Authors: Kim Hyungrae , Kihara Daisuke 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWe developed a new representation of local amino acid environments in protein structures called the Side‐chain Depth Environment (SDE). An SDE defines a local structural environment of a residue considering the coordinates and the depth of amino acids that locate in the vicinity of the side‐chain centroid of the residue. SDEs are general enough that similar SDEs are found in protein structures with globally different folds. Using SDEs, we developed a procedure called PRESCO (Protein Residue Environment SCOre) for selecting native or near‐native models from a pool of computational models. The procedure searches similar residue environments observed in a query model against a set of representative native protein structures to quantify how native‐like SDEs in the model are. When benchmarked on commonly used computational model datasets, our PRESCO compared favorably with the other existing scoring functions in selecting native and near‐native models. Proteins 2014; 82:3255–3272. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.