bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The economic evidence for advance care planning: Systematic review of evidence
Authors: Dixon Josie , Matosevic Tihana , Knapp Martin 
Published: June 2015

Background: Advance care planning is a process of discussion and review concerning future care in the event of losing capacity. Aimed at improving the appropriateness and quality of care, it is also often considered a means of making better use of healthcare resources at the end of life. Aim: To review and summarise economic evidence on advance care planning. Design: A systematic review of the academic literature. Data sources: We searched for English language, peer-reviewed journal articles, 1990–2014, using relevant research databases: PubMed, ProQuest, CINAHL Plus with Full Text; EconLit, PsycINFO, SocINDEX with Full Text and International Bibliography of the Social Sciences. Empirical studies using statistical methods in which advance care planning and costs are variables were included. Results: There are no published cost-effectiveness studies. Included studies focus on healthcare savings, usually associated with reduced demand for hospital care. Advance care planning appears to be associated with healthcare savings for some people in some circumstances, such as people living with dementia in the community, people in nursing homes or in areas with high end-of-life care spending. There is no evidence that advance care planning is likely to be more expensive. Conclusion: There is need for clearer articulation of the likely mechanisms by which advance care planning can lead to reduced care costs or improved cost-effectiveness, particularly for people who retain capacity. There is also a need to consider wider costs, including the costs of advance care planning facilitation or interventions and the costs of substitute health, social and informal care. Economic outcomes need to be considered in the context of quality benefits.
Arthroscopic Versus Open Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Rebolledo Brian J. , McCormick Frank , Rosas Samuel , Harris Joshua D. , Kelly Bryan T. 
Published: June 2015

Background: Surgical treatment of symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) aims to improve symptoms and potentially delay initiation of hip osteoarthritis and prevent progression to end-stage hip osteoarthritis and possible total hip arthroplasty (THA). Hip arthroscopy and open surgical hip dislocations are the 2 most common surgical approaches used for this condition. Purpose: To perform a comparative systematic review to determine whether there is a significant difference in clinical outcomes and progression to THA between hip arthroscopy and open surgical hip dislocation treatment for FAI at minimum medium-term follow-up. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic review of the MEDLINE database by use of the PubMed interface was performed. Minimum mean follow-up for included studies was set at 36 months. English-language studies with a minimum mean medium-term time frame evaluating outcome after arthroscopic or open treatment of FAI were included. Independent t tests, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and weighted mean pooled cohort statistics were performed. Results: A total of 16 studies met inclusion criteria. There were 9 open surgical hip dislocation studies and 7 hip arthroscopy studies. Open studies included 600 hips at a mean follow-up of 57.6 months (4.8 years; range, 6-144 months). Arthroscopic studies included 1484 hips at a mean follow-up of 50.8 months (4.2 years; range, 12-97 months). With THA as an outcome endpoint, there was an overall survival rate of 93% for open and 90.5% for arthroscopic procedures ( P = .06). Advanced age and preexisting chondral injury were risk factors for progression to THA after both treatments. Direct comparison among disease-specific outcome instruments between the 2 procedures was limited by outcome measure heterogeneity; however, both treatments demonstrated good outcomes in their respective scoring systems. Notably, hip arthroscopy was associated with a higher general health-related quality of life (HRQoL) score on the 12-Item Short-Form Survey physical component score ( P < .001). Conclusion: Both hip arthroscopy and open surgical hip dislocation showed excellent and equivalent hip survival rates at medium-term follow-up with hip-specific outcome measures, demonstrating equivalence between groups. However, hip arthroscopy was shown to have superior results regarding general HRQoL in comparison to open treatment. An increased understanding of the natural history of FAI remains warranted, with further studies needed to assess long-term outcomes for patients with FAI.
Moderate/severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with or without traumatic brain injury
Authors: Weirich Priscila P , Tozo Tatiane C , Wandeur Vanessa , Duarte Péricles AD 
Published: June 2015

Introduction Patients with traumatic brain injury are at risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome, which significantly increases morbidity. This study aimed to assess functional difference (respiratory mechanics) and morbidity and mortality of moderate/severe acute respiratory distress syndrome among patients with traumatic brain injury compared with those with other non-traumatic aetiologies, besides assessing the outcomes of patients with severe traumatic brain injury with or without moderate/severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Methods A prospective cohort study analysed consecutive patients with moderate/severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 < 200) and consecutive patients with traumatic brain injury during a 14-month period in the general intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in Cascavel, southern Brazil. Results Overall, 85 patients were assessed: 30 with traumatic brain injury without acute respiratory distress syndrome, 17 with traumatic brain injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome and 38 with non-traumatic brain injury (other aetiologies) acute respiratory distress syndrome. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with traumatic brain injury resulted in a longer intensive care unit length of stay and slightly higher mortality. When acute respiratory distress syndrome patients with and without traumatic brain injury are compared, the latter required higher values of positive end expiratory pressure and showed a trend to lower lung static compliance, with slightly higher mortality. Conclusions In patients with traumatic brain injury, the presence of acute respiratory distress syndrome increased hospitalisation time. Patients with non-traumatic brain injury acute respiratory distress syndrome showed lower respiratory compliance and required higher values of positive end expiratory pressure than those with traumatic brain injury – acute respiratory distress syndrome, with higher mortality.
Autologous mid-urethral sling for stress urinary incontinence: Preliminary results and description of a contemporary technique
Authors: Malde Sachin , Moore James A 
Published: June 2015

Objective: The objective of this article is to describe the preliminary results of a contemporary technique for autologous rectus fascial sling insertion for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the case notes of all patients who underwent autologous mid-urethral sling (aMUS) insertion by a single surgeon at our institution over a four-year period (2008–2012). Our novel technique utilises a minimal suprapubic incision, a specially designed reusable retropubic needle and mid-urethral sling positioning in a tension-free fashion as opposed to a tensioned bladder neck sling. Results: Thirty-eight patients were identified. Fifty per cent reported pure SUI whilst 47% had mixed urinary incontinence. Patients used an average of four pads per day (one to eight), and 26% of patients had at least one previously failed SUI procedure. Post-operative symptom questionnaires revealed mean Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI) scores of 1.8 (1–4), indicating that the majority of patients were very much or much improved. Only 8% of patients reported de novo OAB symptoms. Intraoperative bladder perforation occurred in only two patients. There was no incidence of chronic pain, sexual dysfunction or erosion. Conclusion: In a heterogeneous group of women with primary or recurrent stress urinary incontinence, the aMUS was found to have good subjective short-term cure rates with acceptable patient-reported satisfaction scores. We report a low rate of de novo OAB symptoms, no cases of erosion and no chronic pelvic, groin, or vaginal pain. We believe that aMUS is a good alternative to synthetic mid-urethral sling surgery and could be offered to women contemplating surgery for SUI.
FOXO1/3 and PTEN Depletion in Granulosa Cells Promotes Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumor Development
Authors: Liu Zhilin , Ren Yi A. , Pangas Stephanie A. , Adams Jaye , Zhou Wei , Castrillon Diego H. , Wilhelm Dagmar , Richards JoAnne S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe forkhead box (FOX), FOXO1 and FOXO3, transcription factors regulate multiple functions in mammalian cells. Selective inactivation of the Foxo1 and Foxo3 genes in murine ovarian granulosa cells severely impairs follicular development and apoptosis causing infertility, and as shown here, granulosa cell tumor (GCT) formation. Coordinate depletion of the tumor suppressor Pten gene in the Foxo1/3 strain enhanced the penetrance and onset of GCT formation. Immunostaining and Western blot analyses confirmed FOXO1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) depletion, maintenance of globin transcription factor (GATA) 4 and nuclear localization of FOXL2 and phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 2/3 in the tumor cells, recapitulating results we observed in human adult GCTs. Microarray and quantitative PCR analyses of mouse GCTs further confirmed expression of specific genes (Foxl2, Gata4, and Wnt4) controlling granulosa cell fate specification and proliferation, whereas others (Emx2, Nr0b1, Rspo1, and Wt1) were suppressed. Key genes (Amh, Bmp2, and Fshr) controlling follicle growth, apoptosis, and differentiation were also suppressed. Inhbb and Grem1 were selectively elevated, whereas reduction of Inha provided additional evidence that activin signaling and small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 2/3 phosphorylation impact GCT formation. Unexpectedly, markers of Sertoli/epithelial cells (SRY [sex determining region Y]-box 9/keratin 8) and alternatively activated macrophages (chitinase 3-like 3) were elevated in discrete subpopulations within the mouse GCTs, indicating that Foxo1/3/Pten depletion not only leads to GCTs but also to altered granulosa cell fate decisions and immune responses. Thus, analyses of the Foxo1/3/Pten mouse GCTs and human adult GCTs provide strong evidence that impaired functions of the FOXO1/3/PTEN pathways lead to dramatic changes in the molecular program within granulosa cells, chronic activin signaling in the presence of FOXL2 and GATA4, and tumor formation.
Antoni Walewski: historiozofia wyklętego lojalisty
Authors: Rysiewicz Mikołaj 
Published: June 2015

The historiosophy of the cursed loyalist. The case of Antoni Walewski
The aim of this article is the reconstruction and analysis of the historical and political beliefs of Antoni Walewski, Polish monarchist and conservative historian of the 19th century. In his youth, Walewski participated in the November Uprising and along with other Polish statesmen and soldiers went on exile to France, where he backed up Prince Adam J. Czartoryski and supported the controversial concept of “the kingship de facto”. According to this idea, all Poles should submit to Czartoryski (who himself was the king de facto; despite the lack of any legal arguments) in order to spread the new insurrection (far more powerful and well organized than the previous one) against the Commonwealth’s invaders. Later on, in 1848 Walewski totally changed his political orientation. He resigned from his insurrectionism, became a loyalist and started to support the governments of Austria and Russia. This sudden turn in his political beliefs may be understood on the ground of historiosophy. It appears that Walewski’s political statements had deeper roots in a very interesting perspective on the nature of the history, especially the Polish one.
Prevalência de Sintomas Osteomusculares em Cobradores de Ônibus Coletivo em Uma Empresa na Cidade de Juazeiro do Norte – CE
Authors: Vieira Anny Caroline Costa , Lopes Cristiane Marinho Uchôa , Pires Denise Leal , Almeida Gilnara Rossana Pereira de , Oliveira Gislene Farias de 
Published: June 2015

<p>Os cobradores de ônibus são profissionais que realizam tarefas no dia-a-dia que requerem a utilização de movimentos e ações que são propícias a desencadear alterações e desconforto postural. Sintomas de distúrbios osteomusculares (SDO) torna-se um terrível problema de saúde no trabalho, podendo ser observada em indivíduos com diversas ocupações, até mesmo do setor de transporte. Dentro desse contexto houve o interesse em investigar acerca da saúde do trabalhador. O objetivo foi verificar a prevalência de sintomas osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho em cobradores de uma empresa de ônibus coletivo na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte-CE. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter observacional e de abordagem quantitativo-descritivo. A amostra foi composta por 30 cobradores de ônibus coletivos que tinham idade entre 21 e 58 anos, e que trabalhavam nessa função há mais de um ano. A pesquisa foi realizada dos dias 17 a 29 de setembro de 2012 no horário de 12:00h às 13:00h, os entrevistados assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) e em seguida responderam ao questionário Nórdico dos Sintomas Osteomusculares versão adaptada por Serranheira <em>et al.</em> (2003). Os resultados encontrados mostraram em todos os segmentos avaliados pelo questionário houve relatos de sintomas osteomusculares, no entanto, a coluna como um todo, foi mais relevante em relação aos outros segmentos. Sendo que a coluna lombar 100,0% dos profissionais apresentou desconforto e dorsal 86,7%, porém o que mostrou mais interferência no trabalho foi a região dorsal com 16,7% comparando-se com a lombar 13,3%. Todos esses segmentos da coluna são acometidos, estando em terceiro lugar a cervical, segundo lugar a torácica e em primeiro lugar a lombar que por ventura essa é a região que mais sofre agressão por conta da postura sentada durante a jornada de trabalho desses profissionais. Pode-se concluir que há uma grande frequência de dores osteomusculares relacionada ao trabalho nos cobradores de ônibus. Sendo que a mais frequente dentre estas, a lombar justifica pelo fato dessa estrutura ser a mais acometida mediante a postura sentada.</p>
Transmission Protocol Simulation Framework For The Resource-Constrained Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Wójcikowski Marek 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this paper a prototype framework for simulation of wireless sensor network and its protocols are presented. The framework simulates operation of a sensor network with data transmission, which enables simultaneous development of the sensor network software, its hardware and the protocols for wireless data transmission. An advantage of using the framework is converging simulation with the real software. Instead of creating a model of the sensor network node, the same software is used in real sensor network nodes and in the simulation framework. Operation of the framework is illustrated with examples of simulations of selected transactions in the sensor network.
Evaluation of Product Design Analyses for the Identification of Perception-Defining Characteristics
Authors: Steinberg Falk , Woll Ralf 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In most cases, customers evaluate a product based on the first impression, which is propagated by the product itself. These impressions are often subjectively engraved in the products, difficult to describe thus making them difficult to handle. Technical specifications on the other hand are less considered at first sight. In the case of leisure products such as Motorbikes (motorcycles), subjective factors are considerably intensified. Thus, such products are suitable to describe as “difficult-to-quantify” characteristics. Subjective and difficult to quantify features for products such as motorcycles could be; the design, the dynamics (vitality) as well as the price (value) impression.
Thus, amid a DFG research project, a method will have to be developed that allows the scaling of difficult to quantify characteristics in other to support a requirement-orientated product development. For this purpose, four different levels were developed to contain scaling based on usage. To support the scaling development, methods such as the AHP or the Multivariate Analysis Method can be used.
In the following analysis it will be shown how perception-defining characteristics for motorcycles can be derived from design analyses. The first step is the design analyses conducted with the help of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) scale based on Thomas L. Saaty. The advantage of this approach is a direct comparison of all alternatives to themselves. If, for example, five motorcycles are compared with regards to design, then a benchmark for good design implicitly arises. These scales build up dynamically depending on the analyzed alternatives. Based on the previous example, the more alternatives are used the more valid the scale.
The systematic arrangement of the perception-defining characteristics in product development can be a deciding factor for a better product design and its related product perception. Special gender specific perception differences for motorcycles will be evaluated in this paper. Thus, it is shown that there are specific motorcycle models that appeal to women while other specific models are preferred by men. In this case, perception-defining characteristics can be derived from a detail analysis of a preliminary assessment which can aid the description of female and male preferences for motorcycles.
In this paper a method to concatenate the perception-defining characteristics and products will be presented. Above all, these characteristics should be considered in the product planning phase. This approach offers producers the possibility, through identification of important perception-defining characteristics, to differentiate themselves from competitors because important product characteristics are deigned to relate to the various target groups.
Determination of Trace Elements in Opium by Means of Activation Analysis
Authors: Pappas Alexis C. , Alstad Jorolf , Lunde Gulbrand 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Many methods have been advocated for the determination of the origin of opium, but so far no research has been reported on the possibilities of such studies by means of radiochemical methods applied to the opium ash.
In the present investigation the gold and lanthanide content in samples of opium ash has been studied using neutron activation analysis. The gold content was found to vary from about 0,5 to 10 ppm and the total rare earths content from about 20 to 150 ppm. Large variations are found in the distribution pattern of the individual rare earths in opium samples from different origin. The results are discussed and indicate that activation analysis may be used to indentify the origin of opium samples.
The Hot Iodine Substitution Reaction in Gaseous Methyl Iodide
Authors: Cross R.J. , Wolfgang R.L. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Chemical reactions of hot atomic iodine formed by recoil from a photoneutron emission process, (γ, n) have been studied. The yield of the hot substitution, 126I + CH3I → CH3
126I + I was determined. The probability of this process, compared to analogous reactions of hot hydrogen atoms, was found to be low. A possible reason for what appears to be a generally low efficiency of gas phase hot halogen atom substitution reactions is discussed.
Ein Trennungsgang für die allgemeinere Verwendung bei Aktivierungsanalysen
Authors: Gebauhr W. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die aktivierungsanalytische Bestimmung von Verunreinigungen in hochreinen Substanzen erfordert fast immer die chemische Abtrennung derselben. Geringe, oft kostbare Probenmengen zwingen zur Erfassung möglichst vieler Komponenten nebeneinander. Es wird ein chemischer Trennungsgang vorgeschlagen, der für eine Reihe von Matrizes (Hauptsubstanzen) anwendbar ist und mehr als 30 Elemente sowie die Gruppe der Seltenen Erden umfaßt. Das Verhalten dieser Elemente, wie es sich aus umfangreichen Überprüfungen der zur Trennung herangezogenen Reaktionen mit Hilfe von Radionukliden ergab, wird beschrieben. Die darauf basierende, endgültige Arbeitsvorschrift wird an Hand zweier Gemischbeispiele überprüft.
Preparation of Sources for Alpha Spectrometry
Authors: Kirby H. W. , Dauby J. J. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
A simple method is presented for the preparation of alpha sources to be analyzed by an alpha spectrometer equipped with a semi-conductor detector. The procedure consists of evaporating to dryness an aqueous solution of the alpha-emitter, redissolving the residue in situ with 0.1 Ν HNO3, precipitating with 3Ν NH4OH and drying. The residual NH4NO3 is redissolved in 3 N NH4OH, dried again, and sublimed at a higher temperature. The deposit is washed with distilled water, after which the plate is dried and ignited at red heat. Dramatic improvement is illustrated with several alpha emitters of different chemical properties, including 208/209Po, 230Th, 231Pa, 232/234U, and 238/239Pu.
By providing better distribution of the alpha-emitting nuclides and by removing alpha-absorbing impurities, the same procedure significantly increases the gross alpha counting rate and is recommended for use in improving the accuracy and reproducibility of routine alpha counting.
Retention of Ejaculate by Drosophila melanogaster Females Requires the Male-Derived Mating Plug Protein PEBme
Authors: Avila Frank W , Cohen Allie B , Ameerudeen Fatima S , Duneau David , Suresh Shruthi , Mattei Alexandra L , Wolfner Mariana F 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Within the mated reproductive tracts of females of many taxa, seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) coagulate into a structure known as the mating plug (MP). MPs have diverse roles, including preventing female remating, altering female receptivity postmating, and being necessary for mated females to successfully store sperm. The Drosophila melanogaster MP, which is maintained in the mated female for several hours postmating, is comprised of a posterior MP (PMP) that forms quickly after mating begins and an anterior MP (AMP) that forms later. The PMP is composed of seminal proteins from the ejaculatory bulb (EB) of the male reproductive tract. To examine the role of the PMP protein PEBme in D. melanogaster reproduction, we identified an EB GAL4 driver and used it to target PEBme for RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown. PEBme knockdown in males compromised PMP coagulation in their mates and resulted in a significant reduction in female fertility, adversely affecting postmating uterine conformation, sperm storage, mating refractoriness, egg laying, and progeny generation. These defects resulted from the inability of females to retain the ejaculate in their reproductive tracts after mating. The uncoagulated MP impaired uncoupling by the knockdown male, and when he ultimately uncoupled, the ejaculate was often pulled out of the female. Thus, PEBme and MP coagulation are required for optimal fertility in D. melanogaster. Given the importance of the PMP for fertility, we identified additional MP proteins by mass spectrometry and found fertility functions for two of them. Our results highlight the importance of the MP and the proteins that comprise it in reproduction and suggest that in Drosophila the PMP is required to retain the ejaculate within the female reproductive tract, ensuring the storage of sperm by mated females.