bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Localized Particle Filter for High-Dimensional Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Poterjoy Jonathan 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This paper presents a new data assimilation approach based on the particle filter (PF) that has potential for nonlinear/non-Gaussian applications in geoscience. Particle filters provide a Monte Carlo approximation of a system’s probability density, while making no assumptions regarding the underlying error distribution. The proposed method is similar to the PF in that particles—also referred to as ensemble members—are weighted based on the likelihood of observations in order to approximate posterior probabilities of the system state. The new approach, denoted the local PF, extends the particle weights into vector quantities to reduce the influence of distant observations on the weight calculations via a localization function. While the number of particles required for standard PFs scales exponentially with the dimension of the system, the local PF provides accurate results using relatively few particles. In sensitivity experiments performed with a 40-variable dynamical system, the local PF requires only five particles to prevent filter divergence for both dense and sparse observation networks. Comparisons of the local PF and ensemble Kalman filters (EnKFs) reveal advantages of the new method in situations resembling geophysical data assimilation applications. In particular, the new filter demonstrates substantial benefits over EnKFs when observation networks consist of densely spaced measurements that relate nonlinearly to the model state—analogous to remotely sensed data used frequently in weather analyses.
Antipsychotic medication side effect assessment tools: A systematic review
Authors: Stomski Norman Jay , Morrison Paul , Meyer Amanda 
Published: October 2015

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to critically appraise the psychometric properties of antipsychotic medication side effect assessment tools. Methods: Systematic searches were undertaken in PubMed, CINAHL and CENTRAL from inception to October 2014. Studies were included if they detailed the evaluation of psychometric properties of antipsychotic medication side effect assessment tools in mental health populations. Studies were excluded if they examined the use of antipsychotic medication side effect assessment tools in non-mental health populations, including people suffering from dementia, Parkinsonism and Alzheimer’s. Narrative reviews and studies published in any language other than English were also excluded. Results: Content validity was appropriately established for only one of the tools, reliability was inappropriately evaluated for all but one tool, and the assessment of responsiveness was not acceptable for any tool. Conclusion: Further psychometric studies are warranted to consolidate the psychometric properties of the included antipsychotic medication side effect assessment tools before any of these tools can be confidently recommended for either research or clinical purposes.
Quantitative Methodologies Reveal a Diversity of Nutrition, Infection/Illness, and Psychosocial Stressors During Pregnancy and Lactation in Rural Mam-Mayan Mother–Infant Dyads From the Western Highlands of Guatemala
Authors: Chomat Anne Marie , Solomons Noel W. , Koski Kristine G. , Wren Hilary M. , Vossenaar Marieke , Scott Marilyn E. 
Published: October 2015

Background: The nature and severity of 3 categories of maternal stressors (nutritional, infectious, and psychosocial) that may impact maternal health and early infant growth are not often considered together. Objectives: To describe quantitative methodologies; assess construct validity of questionnaires; report variability in sociodemographic, obstetric, nutritional, infectious, and psychosocial characteristics; and compare characteristics between pregnancy and lactation and between study cohorts of Mam-Mayan mother–infant dyads. Methods: Grounded in participatory action research and a socioecological framework, this observational study enrolled a longitudinal cohort of 155 women, followed during pregnancy (6-9 months), early (0-6 weeks), and later (4-6 months) postpartum, and 2 cross-sectional cohorts (60 early and 56 later postpartum). Household and social factors; obstetric history; nutritional, infectious, and psychosocial stressors; and infant characteristics were explored. Results: Diet diversity (3.4 ± 1.3) and adult food security (38%) were low. Urinary and gastrointestinal infections were rare (<5%), whereas experience of local idioms of distress was frequent (20%-50%). Participants reported low maternal autonomy (81%), high paternal support (70%), small social support networks (2.7 ± 1.3 individuals), and high trust in family (88%) and community-based institutions (61%-65%) but low trust in government services (6%). Domestic violence was commonly reported (22%). Infant stunting was common (36% early postpartum and 43% later postpartum) despite frequent antenatal care visits (7.5 ± 3.8). Participant engagement with the research team did not influence study outcomes based on comparisons between longitudinal and cross-sectional cohorts. Conclusions: The variability in sociodemographic, nutritional, and psychosocial variables, will allow exploration of factors that promote resilience or increase vulnerability of the mother–infant dyad.
Osteomyelitis of the hand
Authors: Pinder R. , Barlow G. 
Published: October 2015

Osteomyelitis of the hand is uncommon, but if not adequately and promptly treated the detrimental effects on hand function can be devastating. The majority of literature on osteomyelitis relates to the lower limb, but the principles of management are applicable to the hand, with good surgical debridement and culture-guided antimicrobial therapy. For osteomyelitis in general, antibiotic therapy of 4–6 weeks’ duration (intravenous and/or oral) is typically recommended. In the hand, length and mode of antibiotic administration are still under study. Level of Evidence: V
Clinical and molecular response to interferon-α therapy in essential thrombocythemia patients with CALR mutations
Authors: Verger Emmanuelle , Cassinat Bruno , Chauveau Aurélie , Dosquet Christine , Giraudier Stephane , Schlageter Marie-Hélène , Ianotto Jean-Christophe , Yassin Mohammed A. , Al-Dewik Nader , Carillo Serge , Legouffe Eric , Ugo Valerie , Chomienne Christine , Kiladjian Jean-Jacques 
Published: October 2015

Key Points
Pegylated IFNα induces hematologic and molecular remission in CALR-mutated ET patients. The analysis of additional mutations highlights the presence of subclones with variable evolutions during IFNα therapy.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion with high dose oxaliplatin: Influence of perfusion temperature on postoperative outcome and survival
Authors: Verhulst Johanna 
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is becoming a standard therapy in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Compared to systemic chemotherapy, HIPEC improves survival in patients with PC. This therapy has high morbidity rates (up to 41%). In vitro it has been demonstrated that hyperthermia has a toxic effect on malign cells. However, hyperthermia also affects normal tissue. To my knowledge, any additional effect of hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy has never been demonstrated in a clinical setting. In this study, the effects of hyperthermia on outcome and survival were analyzed. Methods: Patients with PC from any origin who were treated with HIPEC were included in this retrospective, non-randomized study. Data on patient characteristics, tumor characteristics, features of the surgery and postoperative complications were extracted from patient files. Models predicting time to removal of nasogastric tube (TRNT), post-operative major complications, the occurrence of anastomotic leaks and post-operative survival were built, using negative binomial regression, logistic regression or Cox proportional hazards regression as appropriate. Results: 138 patients treated with HIPEC were included. Maximal temperature during the operation was not statistically significantly associated with anastomotic leaks or post-operative major complications. Maximal temperature during the operation was negatively associated with post-operative survival (P=0.01). Conclusion: The results suggest that hyperthermia may negatively affect survival in patients who are treated with HIPEC for PC of various origins. This study has the classical limitations of a retrospective study. Therefore, randomized trials are required to confirm the results.
Time perception and illness acceptance among remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis patients under treatment
Authors: Król Joanna , Szcześniak Małgorzata , Koziarska Dorota , Rzepa Teresa 
Published: October 2015

CelOkreślenie profilu temporalnego u osób z RR-SM w porównaniu do osób zdrowych; zbadanie subiektywnej oceny akceptacji w aspekcie sprawności fizycznej i psychicznej oraz samodzielności. Próba wyróżnienia wskaźników akceptacji choroby u osób z RR-SM, z uwzględnieniem perspektywy temporalnej.MetodaSkala Akceptacji Choroby (AIS, polska adaptacja: Z. Juczyński), Kwestionariusz Postrzegania Czasu Zimbardo (ZTPI, polska adaptacja: M. Mażewski), autorski wywiad oceniający dane socjodemograficzne oraz subiektywna ocena funkcjonowania fizycznego, psychicznego i samodzielności (w odniesieniu do pomiaru za pomocą skali EDSS).WynikiOsoby z RR-SM koncentrują się bardziej niż osoby zdrowe na fatalistycznej i hedonistycznej teraźniejszości oraz przejawiają tendencję do rozważania negatywnej przeszłości. Akceptacja choroby koreluje pozytywnie z subiektywnym poczuciem sprawności fizycznej, psychicznej i samodzielności, natomiast negatywnie z oceną obiektywną (skala EDSS) i z czasem trwania choroby.WnioskiIstotnymi predyktorami temporalnymi adaptacji do choroby jest unikanie myślenia o negatywnej przeszłości i koncentracja na hedonistycznej teraźniejszości. To ustalenie jest istotne dla holistycznego podejścia do leczenia osób z RR-SM. We wczesnym okresie choroby wskazane byłoby wsparcie psychologiczne ukierunkowane na zmianę perspektywy czasowej.
Trefoil factor family peptides – friends or foes?
Authors: Busch Maike , Dünker Nicole 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTrefoil factor family (TFF) peptides are a group of molecules bearing a characteristic three-loop trefoil domain. They are mainly secreted in mucous epithelia together with mucins but are also synthesized in the nervous system. For many years, TFF peptides were only known for their wound healing and protective function, e.g. in epithelial protection and restitution. However, experimental evidence has emerged supporting a pivotal role of TFF peptides in oncogenic transformation, tumorigenesis and metastasis. Deregulated expression of TFF peptides at the gene and protein level is obviously implicated in numerous cancers, and opposing functions as oncogenes and tumor suppressors have been described. With regard to the regulation of TFF expression, epigenetic mechanisms as well as the involvement of various miRNAs are new, promising aspects in the field of cancer research. This review will summarize current knowledge about the expression and regulation of TFF peptides and the involvement of TFF peptides in tumor biology and cancerogenesis.
Evaluating the use of procalcitonin in an asymptomatic, HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy-naïve, South African cohort
Authors: Phatlhane Dineo V. , Ipp Hayley , Erasmus Rajiv T. , Zemlin Annalise E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe chronic stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, although clinically asymptomatic, is characterized by activation of the immune system and persistent inflammation. Procalcitonin (PCT) has been studied in HIV infection as a marker of bacterial infection. Our aim was to assess the effect of persistent immune activation on PCT levels in asymptomatic treatment naïve HIV infected subjects.This was a cross-sectional study of 68 asymptomatic antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV infected participants and 42 uninfected controls. Stored serum samples were used to measure: PCT, interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and albumin. PCT was correlated with markers of: disease progression (CD4 count and viral load), immune activation (CD 38 on CD8+ T cells, IgG and LBP), inflammation (IL-6, hsCRP and albumin).IL-6, IgG and CD8/38 were all significantly increased while albumin and CD4 counts were significantly lower in the HIV infected group. PCT levels were not significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant difference in LBP and hsCRP; however, their levels were increased in both groups. PCT correlated only with LBP (p=0.0001). IL-6 and LBP correlated positively with hsCRP and IgG. Albumin correlated inversely with IL-6 and viral load. Only IgG and CD8/38 correlated inversely with CD4 counts.We demonstrated the activation of the innate (raised LBP), humoral (raised IgG) and cellular immune systems (increased CD8/38 T cells). Despite a state of persistent inflammation, PCT levels are not elevated in asymptomatic untreated HIV infection.
Preanalytical, analytical, gestational and pediatric aspects of the S100B immuno-assays
Authors: Bouvier Damien , Duret Thomas , Rouzaire Paul , Jabaudon Matthieu , Rouzaire Marion , Nourrisson Céline , Bourgne Céline , Pereira Bruno , Evrard Bertrand , Sapin Vincent 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground:Traumatic brain injury management is a tricky issue in children and pregnant women (due to adverse effects of computer tomography). To facilitate management, we report the main analytical performances and reference ranges for blood tests for the well-established S100B biomarker in under-16 children on a DiaSorinMethods:Serum S100B concentrations were determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay on a DiaSorinResults:For children, four age-groups emerged, i.e. 0–3 months (mean: 0.97 μg/L; standard deviation (SD): 0.36; 95th percentile: 1.55), 4–9 months (mean: 0.58 μg/L; SD: 0.30; 95th: 1.18), 10–24 months (mean: 0.31 μg/L; SD: 0.12; 95th: 0.54) and 2–16 years (mean: 0.20 μg/L; SD: 0.07; 95th: 0.32). For pregnant women, serum S100B concentrations were similar to defined ranges for adults and not significantly different between trimesters on DiaSorinConclusions:Data provided here is useful for interpreting serum S100B test results, in terms of preanalytical conditions, analytical performances, pediatric and pregnancy’ environment.
The Italian External Quality Assessment (EQA) program on urinary sediment: results of the period 2012–2015
Authors: Secchiero Sandra , Fogazzi Giovanni B. , Manoni Fabio , Epifani MariaGrazia , Garigali Giuseppe , Plebani Mario 
Published: October 2015

AbstractManual microscopy still represents the gold standard for urinary sediment (US) examination. We report the results obtained in the period 2012–2015 by the EQA Italian program on US, which today involves about 260 laboratories.The program includes four surveys per year. In two surveys, participants are asked to supply identification and clinical association of US particles. In two other surveys, they are asked to supply the diagnosis of clinical cases, presented with images, some key laboratory findings and a short clinical history. Sixty-six images of US particles (21 cells, 2 lipids, 21 casts, 10 crystals, 3 microorganisms, 15 contaminants) and seven clinical cases were presented.The correct identification rate for each category of particles, in decreasing order, was: micro-organisms (mean±SD: 92.4%±4.5%), lipids (92.0%±1.8%), casts (82.8%±8.8%), crystals (79.4%±29.8%), cells (77.3%±13.5%), and contaminants (70.9%±22.2%). For 13 particles, a correct clinical association was indicated by 91.5%±11.7% of participants, while it was 52.7% for particles associated with urinary tract infection. For clinical cases, due to a high rate of particles misidentification, only 44.3%±10.1% of participants achieved access to clinical diagnosis, which was then correctly indicated by 92.5%±5.3% of them.The results of the EQA program confirm that, while some US particles are well known in terms of identification, clinical association and clinical meaning, others particles still are not, and this represents an important reason to encourage EQA programs on US.
Galectin-3, osteopontin and successful aging
Authors: Sanchis-Gomar Fabian , Santos-Lozano Alejandro , Pareja-Galeano Helios , Garatachea Nuria , Alis Rafael , Fiuza-Luces Carmen , Morán María , Emanuele Enzo , Lucia Alejandro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground:Individuals who reach exceptional longevity (100+ years of age) free of common chronic age diseases (i.e. ‘dodgers’) arguably represent the paradigm of successful aging in humans. As such, identification of potential biomarkers associated with this phenomenon is of medical interest.Methods:We measured serum levels of galectin-3 and osteopontin, both of which have been shown to be linked with major chronic or aging-related disorders in younger populations, in centenarian ‘dodgers’ (n=81; 40 men; 100–104 years) and healthy controls (n=41; 24 men, 70–80 years).Results:Both biomarkers showed significantly lower values (p<0.001) in the former (galectin-3: 2.4±1.7 vs. 4.8±2.8 ng/mL; osteopontin: 38.1±27.7 vs. 72.6±33.1 μg/mL). Logistic regression analysis identified the combination of these two biomarkers as a significant predictor variable associated with successful aging regardless of sex (p<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) classified the ability of galectin-3 and osteopontin to predict the likelihood of successful aging as ‘fair’ (AUC=0.75) and ‘good’ (AUC=0.80), respectively. Particularly, the combination of the two biomarkers showed good discriminatory power for successful aging (AUC=0.86), with sensitivity=83% and specificity=74%.Conclusions:Lower levels of both galectin-3 and osteopontin are associated with successful aging, representing potential biomarkers of this condition. Our cross-sectional data must be however approached with caution. Further research is necessary to replicate the present preliminary results in other cohorts and to identify the potential use of galectin-3 and osteopontin as potential targets (or at least predictors) in future personalized anti-aging therapies.
Understanding diagnostic error: looking beyond diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Heyhoe Jane , Lawton Rebecca , Armitage Gerry , Conner Mark , Ashurst Neil H. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Whether a diagnosis is correct or incorrect is often used to determine diagnostic performance despite there being no valid measure of diagnostic accuracy. In this paper we draw on our experience of conducting research on diagnostic error and discuss some of the challenges that a focus on accuracy brings to this field of research. In particular, we discuss whether diagnostic accuracy can be captured and what diagnostic accuracy does and does not tell us about diagnostic judgement. We draw on these points to argue that a focus on diagnostic accuracy may limit progress in this field and suggest that research which tries to understand more about the factors that influence decision making during the diagnostic process may be more useful in helping to improve diagnostic performance.
Effect of gel properties on transdermal iontophoretic delivery of diclofenac sodium
Authors: Arunkumar S. , Shivakumar H.N. , Desai B.G. , Ashok Purnima 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe aim of the study was to develop hydrogels and investigate the suitability for transdermal delivery of diclofenac sodium (DS) using constant voltage iontophoresis (CVI). Four batches of hydrogels of DS were developed using hydroxylethyl cellulose (HEC) as matrix material and terpenes as penetration enhancers. The hydrogels displayed a viscosity of ~1500 cps at a shear rate of 250 s-1 that was unlikely to change on minute shift in pH or temperature so that the iontophoretic transport would be unaffected. Moreover, the hydrogels were found to possess adequate conductivity at pH 7.4 to enable iontophoretic delivery of DS. In vitro studies indicated that passive transport of DS across porcine skin from hydrogels was comparable (p>0.05) to aqueous solution. The lead hydrogel (F1), containing geraniol was found to enhance the iontophoretic flux of DS by 5.16 fold at 1.5 V compared to passive control. In vivo studies in rats indicated that CVI on application of F1 significantly suppressed (p<0.001) carrageenan induced edema compared to passive treatment throughout the study.
Distinction of four Dalbergia species by FTIR, 2nd derivative IR, and 2D-IR spectroscopy of their ethanol-benzene extractives
Authors: Wang Shen-Nan , Zhang Fang-Da , Huang An-Min , Zhou Qun 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Four common species of Dalbergia genus (D. bariensis, D. oliveri, D. cochinchinensis, and D. retusa), which are traded as “Rosewood” or “Hongmu” commonly throughout East and Southeast Asia, were extracted with ethanol-benzene and the extractives were analyzed by means of three IR spectroscopic methods aiming at their chemotaxonomic differentiation. Conventional FTIR and 2nd derivative IR (SD-IR) showed defined spectral ranges, where the differences are pronounced. Two-dimensional correlation infrared (2D-IR) spectroscopy revealed significant auto-peaks suitable for reliable differentiation of the four Dalbergia species. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) evaluation of the extractives was also useful. It can be concluded that the analysis of the extractives is the best chemotaxonomic approach for identification of anatomically similar wood species.
Analysis of the Performance of a PAM/PPM/OOK System Operating with OCDMA, under Nonlinear Optical Effects in Optical Fiber Propagation
Authors: Correia D. G. , Sales J. C. , Pinto P. V. F. , Moura L. P. , Ferreira A. C. , Menezes J. W. M. , Guimarães G. F. , Sombra A. S. B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this article, we present a numerical simulation study of encoding, decoding and propagation performance of short optical pulses and words with modulations OOK, PAM and PPM in OCDMA systems (Optical Code Division Multiple Access). The encoding and decoding of short pulses are obtained through fiber Bragg grating(FBG – FBG optical) devices, where the codes are inserted through discrete jumps in the optical phase (±
The New Old Efficiency Theories of Causation and Liability
Authors: Wright Richard W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFor the last 40 years, efficiency theorists have attempted to demonstrate that tort liability in general and negligence liability in particular can best/only be explained by the hypothesis that judges are trying to maximize aggregate social welfare. Thirty years ago I published a pair of articles criticizing these attempts, noting especially the efficiency theorists’ inability to explain and justify the factual causation requirement in tort law. Nevertheless, the efficiency theorists have continued to make the same arguments. In this paper, I canvass the old arguments and their current restatements, including the attempts by some of the leading theorists to equate ex post analysis of actual causation with ex ante analysis of negligent conduct and attempts by others to explain the actual negligence liability rules. None of the rules proposed by the efficiency theorists is consistent with the practice of the courts, and none of them would promote efficient deterrence. Worse yet, the least descriptively plausible negligence liability rule proposed by the efficiency theorists is the one likely to be the least inefficient in actual practice, while the one assumed by most efficiency theorists will be the most inefficient. The fundamental problem with the efficiency theories is that they assume that the focus of law should be and is on the maximization of aggregate social welfare, rather than justice – the promotion of everyone’s equal external freedom in their interactions with others.