bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic Dynamics in Complex Metallic Alloys
Authors: Euchner Holger , Pailhès Stephane , Yamada Tsunetomo , Tamura Ryuji , Ishimasa Tsutomu , Rols Stephane , Schober Helmut , Mihalkovic Marek , Trebin Hans-Rainer , Schopf Daniel , Paschen Silke , Haghighirad Amir , Ritter Franz , Assmus Wolf , Grin Yuri , Nguyen Lien , de Boissieu Marc 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTComplex Metallic Alloys (CMAs) are metallic solids of high structural complexity, consisting of large numbers of atoms in their unit cells. Consequences of this structural complexity are manifold and give rise to a variety of exciting physical properties. The impact that such structural complexity may have on the lattice dynamics will be discussed. The surprising dynamical flexibility of Tsai-type clusters with the symmetry breaking central tetrahedron will be addressed for Zn6Sc, while in the Ba-Ge-Ni clathrate system the dynamics of encaged Ba guest atoms in the surrounding Ge-Ni host framework is analysed with respect to the experimentally evidenced strong reduction of lattice thermal conductivity. For both systems experimental results from neutron scattering are analyzed and interpreted on atomistic scale by means of ab initio and molecular dynamics simulations, resulting in a picture with the respective structural building blocks as the origin of the peculiarities in the dynamics.
Gold’s Structural Versatility within Complex Intermetallics: From Hume-Rothery to Zintl and even Quasicrystals
Authors: Miller Gordon J. , Thimmaiah Srinivasa , Smetana Volodymyr , Palasyuk Andriy , Lin Qisheng 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTRecent exploratory syntheses of polar intermetallic compounds containing gold have established gold’s tremendous ability to stabilize new phases with diverse and fascinating structural motifs. In particular, Au-rich polar intermetallics contain Au atoms condensed into tetrahedra and diamond-like three-dimensional frameworks. In Au-poor intermetallics, on the other hand, Au atoms tend to segregate, which maximizes the number of Au-heteroatom contacts. Lastly, among polar intermetallics with intermediate Au content, complex networks of icosahedra have emerged, including discovery of the first sodium-containing, Bergman-type, icosahedral quasicrystal. Gold’s behavior in this metal-rich chemistry arises from its various atomic properties, which influence the chemical bonding features of gold with its environment in intermetallic compounds. Thus, the structural versatility of gold and the accessibility of various Au fragments within intermetallics are opening new insights toward elucidating relationships among metal-rich clusters and bulk solids.
A Comparison of Different Ni+Al Structural Energetic Materials
Authors: Aydelotte B. , Thadhani N.N. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA comparison of different Ni+Al reactive materials is conducted to elucidate the effects of microstructure morphology on performance. CTH, a multi-material Eulerian hydrocode, was utilized to study mesoscale deformation during simulated rod-on-anvil experiments. It is found that the cold sprayed Ni+Al, which has a more topologically connected nickel phase, is likely to be more reactive because of enhanced deformation in the Ni phase relative to explosively compacted Ni+Al, where the Ni phase undergoes less deformation. Rod-on-anvil impact tests verify that cold sprayed Ni+Al is indeed more reactive than explosively compacted Ni+Al when subject to impact.
First-principles Study of Bias Effect on Magnetoresistance of Fe/MgO/Fe Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Deng Ning , Cheng Hongguang 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe studied the transport properties of the Fe/MgO/Fe and Fe/Ag/MgO/Ag/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with 13-layer MgO barrier under bias voltage based on first-principles calculations. Our results showed that two features determine the TMR value decreases with bias of Fe/MgO/Fe MTJ: (1) interfacial states lying at 1.06 eV in spin down channel (2) the energy level of the spin down Δ1 band of the Fe electrode. Our results showed that an inserted Ag mono-layer at Fe/MgO interface can remarkably improve the TMR effect at a high bias voltage.
In-situ Tensile Straining of Metal Films on Polymer Substrates under an AFM
Authors: Cordill M.J. , Marx V.M. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTMetal films on polymer substrates are commonly used in flexible electronic devices and as gas barrier coatings. One way to evaluate the fracture and adhesion properties of such film systems is the fragmentation test. In the fragmentation test a film-substrate system is strained in tension under an optical microscope or inside a scanning electron microscope to observe the cracking and delamination events in situ. The technique works very well for brittle metal and ceramic films. However, when ductile films are strained they deform plastically before cracks and buckles appear. Therefore, a tensile straining device was developed to fit under an AFM for in situ observation of ductile metal films on polymer substrates. With the new in situ device the first occurrence of plastic deformation in the form of localized thinning of the film and channel cracks are visible. These features can only be detected through a height difference in the AFM images and not with optical or scanning electron micrographs. A comparison to brittle Cr films on polymer substrates was performed.
Influence of size variation on the strain distribution in YSZ membranes on Si substrates
Authors: Kuhl Florian , Piechotka Markus , Reppin Daniel , Henning Torsten , Janek Juergen , Klar Peter J. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe oxygen conductor yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) is widely used in miniaturized solid oxide fuel cells (µSOFC) and may be suitable for solid state ion emitter applications e.g. as miniaturized ion engines for electric propulsion. Since the YSZ films are not completely free of stress during the growth, cracks in fabricated free-standing membranes are often observed.YSZ thin films were deposited on silicon substrates by radio frequency sputtering. Free-standing YSZ membranes were fabricated by partially removing the Si substrate by anisotropic wet-chemical etching using different masking patterns defined by electron beam lithography. We show how different sizes and etching conditions influence the strain in the fabricated membranes. To characterize these membranes we used optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
The Potential of Helical Tomotherapy in the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Van Gestel Dirk , Verellen Dirk , Van De Voorde Lien , Ost Bie , De Kerf Geert , Vanderveken Olivier , Van Laer Carl , Van den Weyngaert Danielle , Vermorken Jan B. , Gregoire Vincent 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A decade after its first introduction into the clinic, little is known about the clinical impact of helical tomotherapy (HT) on head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment. Therefore, we analyzed the basics of this technique and reviewed the literature regarding HT's potential benefit in HNC. The past two decades have been characterized by a huge technological evolution in photon beam radiotherapy (RT). In HNC, static beam intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has shown superiority over three-dimensional conformal RT in terms of xerostomia and is considered the standard of care. However, the next-generation IMRT, the rotational IMRT, has been introduced into the clinic without any evidence of superiority over static beam IMRT other than being substantially faster. Of these rotational techniques, HT is the first system especially developed for IMRT in combination with image-guided RT. HT is particularly promising for the treatment of HNC because its sharp dose gradients maximally spare the many radiosensitive organs at risk nearby. In addition, HT's integrated computed tomography scan assures a very precise dose administration and allows for some adaptive RT. Because HT is specifically developed for IMRT in combination with (integrated) image-guidance, it allows for precise dose distribution (“dose painting”), patient setup, and dose delivery. As such, it is an excellent tool for difficult HNC irradiation. The literature on the clinical results of HT in HNC all show excellent short-term (≤2 years) results with acceptable toxicity profiles. However, properly designed trials are still warranted to further substantiate these results.
A Novel Multirate Dual-Porosity Model for Improved Simulation of Fractured and Multiporosity Reservoirs
Authors: Geiger S.. , Dentz M.. , Neuweiler I.. 
Published: May 2013

Summary
A major part of the world's remaining oil reserves is in fractured carbonate reservoirs, which are dual-porosity (fracture-matrix) or multiporosity (fracture/vug/matrix) in nature. Fractured reservoirs suffer from poor recovery, high water cut, and generally low performance. They are modeled commonly by use of a dual-porosity approach, which assumes that the high-permeability fractures are mobile and low-permeability matrix is immobile. A single transfer function models the rate at which hydrocarbons migrate from the matrix into the fractures. As shown in many numerical, laboratory, and field experiments, a wide range of transfer rates occurs between the immobile matrix and mobile fractures. These arise, for example, from the different sizes of matrix blocks (yielding a distribution of shape factors), different porosity types, or the inhomogeneous distribution of saturations in the matrix blocks. Thus, accurate models are needed that capture all the transfer rates between immobile matrix and mobile fracture domains, particularly to predict late-time recovery more reliably when the water cut is already high. In this work, we propose a novel multi-rate mass-transfer (MRMT) model for two-phase flow, which accounts for viscous-dominated flow in the fracture domain and capillary flow in the matrix domain. It extends the classical (i.e., single-rate) dual-porosity model to allow us to simulate the wide range of transfer rates occurring in naturally fractured multiporosity rocks. We demonstrate, by use of numerical simulations of waterflooding in naturally fractured rock masses at the gridblock scale, that our MRMT model matches the observed recovery curves more accurately compared with the classical dual-porosity model. We further discuss how our multi-rate dual-porosity model can be parameterized in a predictive manner and how the model could be used to complement traditional commercial reservoir-simulation workflows.
Early Electrophysiological Abnormalities and Clinical Neuropathy
Authors: Hyllienmark Lars , Alstrand Nils , Jonsson Björn , Ludvigsson Johnny , Cooray Gerald , Wahlberg-Topp Jeanette 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to elucidate whether subclinical nerve dysfunction as reflected by neurophysiological testing predicts the development of clinical neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSFifty-nine patients were studied twice with neurophysiological measurements at baseline and at follow-up. At baseline, patients were 15.5 ± 3.22 years (range 7–22 years) of age, and duration of diabetes was 6.8 ± 3.3 years. At follow-up, patients were 20–35 years of age, and disease duration was 20 ± 5.3 years (range 10–31 years).RESULTSAt baseline, patients showed modestly reduced nerve conduction velocities and amplitudes compared with healthy subjects, but all were free of clinical neuropathy. At follow-up, clinical neuropathy was present in nine (15%) patients. These patients had a more pronounced reduction in peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV), median MCV, and sural sensory nerve action potential at baseline (P &lt; 0.010–0.003). In simple logistic regression analyses, the predictor with the strongest association with clinical neuropathy was baseline HbA1c (R2 = 48%, odds ratio 7.9, P &lt; 0.002) followed by peroneal MCV at baseline (R2 = 38%, odds ratio 0.6, P &lt; 0.006). With the use of a stepwise forward analysis that included all predictors, first baseline HbA1c and then only peroneal MCV at baseline entered significantly (R2 = 61%). Neuropathy impairment assessment showed a stronger correlation with baseline HbA1c (ρ = 0.40, P &lt; 0.002) than with follow-up HbA1c (ρ = 0.034, P &lt; 0.007).CONCLUSIONSEarly defects in nerve conduction velocity predict the development of diabetic neuropathy. However, the strongest predictor was HbA1c during the first years of the disease.
Development of a survey instrument to assess health-related quality of life in small animal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy
Authors: Iliopoulou Maria A. , Kitchell Barbara E. , Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan Vilma 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective—To develop a quality of life (QOL) survey for use in a canine cancer chemotherapy setting, validate the instrument's utility, identify key questions that facilitate client and clinician communication regarding decisions in patient care, and use human and veterinary QOL literature to develop a comprehensive yet simple proxy survey instrument.
Design—Survey.
Animals—29 canine chemotherapy patients.
Procedures—Patients were evaluated by both owners and veterinarians at the time of initial visit to the clinic and at 3 and 6 weeks after the initiation of chemotherapy. This survey consisted of a longitudinal evaluation of QOL with 6 components addressing the animal's QOL retrospectively, before onset of cancer; changes in the animal's QOL since manifestation of disease; changes in the animal's QOL with regard to treatment response; owner's QOL and its impact on priorities in decision making; clinician's impression of the owner's priorities and QOL; and clinician's impression of the dog's QOL.
Results—Multiple regression analysis indicated 3 significant predictors of canine cancer patient QOL to be play behaviors, signs of illness, and canine happiness as perceived by owners.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The QOL instrument was easy to use and enhanced client perception of patient care and clinician concern. Owners enjoyed the opportunity to complete the survey. Since questions regarding play behaviors, clinical signs of disease, and canine happiness were significant indicators of changes in QOL, these should be included in future studies. Quality of life assessment may facilitate treatment decisions and assessment of canine patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Interobserver agreement and diagnostic accuracy of brain magnetic resonance imaging in dogs
Authors: Leclerc Mylène-Kim , d'Anjou Marc-André , Blond Laurent , Carmel Éric Norman , Dennis Ruth , Kraft Susan L. , Matthews Andrea R. , Parent Joane M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate interobserver agreement and diagnostic accuracy of brain MRI in dogs.
Design—Evaluation study.
Animals—44 dogs.
Procedures—5 board-certified veterinary radiologists with variable MRI experience interpreted transverse T2-weighted (T2w), T2w fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and T1-weighted-FLAIR; transverse, sagittal, and dorsal T2w; and T1-weighted-FLAIR postcontrast brain sequences (1.5 T). Several imaging parameters were scored, including the following: lesion (present or absent), lesion characteristics (axial localization, mass effect, edema, hemorrhage, and cavitation), contrast enhancement characteristics, and most likely diagnosis (normal, neoplastic, inflammatory, vascular, metabolic or toxic, or other). Magnetic resonance imaging diagnoses were determined initially without patient information and then repeated, providing history and signalment. For all cases and readers, MRI diagnoses were compared with final diagnoses established with results from histologic examination (when available) or with other pertinent clinical data (CSF analysis, clinical response to treatment, or MRI follow-up). Magnetic resonance scores were compared between examiners with κ statistics.
Results—Reading agreement was substantial to almost perfect (0.64 < κ < 0.86) when identifying a brain lesion on MRI; fair to moderate (0.14 < κ < 0.60) when interpreting hemorrhage, edema, and pattern of contrast enhancement; fair to substantial (0.22 < κ < 0.74) for dural tail sign and categorization of margins of enhancement; and moderate to substantial (0.40 < κ < 0.78) for axial localization, presence of mass effect, cavitation, intensity, and distribution of enhancement. Interobserver agreement was moderate to substantial for categories of diagnosis (0.56 < κ < 0.69), and agreement with the final diagnosis was substantial regardless of whether patient information was (0.65 < κ < 0.76) or was not (0.65 < κ < 0.68) provided.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The present study found that whereas some MRI features such as edema and hemorrhage were interpreted less consistently, radiologists were reasonably constant and accurate when providing diagnoses.
The first transition metal iodato peroxido complex: the synthesis, vibrational spectra and crystal structure from powder diffraction data of K3[V2O2(O2)4(IO3)]·H2O
Authors: Šimuneková Mária , Schwendt Peter , Chrappová Jana , Smrčok Ľubomir , Černý Radovan , Beek Wouter 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The first transition metal iodato peroxido complex, K3[V2O2(O2)4(IO3)]·H2O (I), was prepared by crystallization from the KVO3 — KIO3 — H2O2 — H2O — ethanol (HNO3) solution. The dinuclear anion is immediately decomposed in aqueous solution; the 51V NMR spectrum exhibits signals corresponding to [VO(O2)2(H2O)]−, [V2O2(OH)(O2)4]3− and H2VO4− species only. The IR and Raman spectra contain all characteristic bands of the VO(O2)2 group and the coordinated IO3− ligand. Based on the positions of bands assigned to the vibrations of the VO(O2)2 groups a pentagonal pyramidal arrangement around the vanadium atoms can be supposed. The crystal structure was solved from X-ray synchrotron powder data by direct space method and refined by energy minimization in the solid state employing a hybrid PBE0 functional. This crystal and molecular structure, has confirmed the presence of hexacoordinated vanadium atoms and revealed asymmetric dinuclear structure of the [V2O2(O2)4(IO3)]3− ion. The coordination spheres of vanadium atoms are different — the IO3− anion is coordinated only to one vanadium center. A thermal analysis of the complex confirmed the presence of water molecules in the crystal structure and revealed a considerable stability of the dehydrated complex.
Acupuncture in Subacute Stroke: No Benefits Detected
Authors: Zhu Yi , Zhang Lixia , Ouyang Gang , Meng Dianhuai , Qian Kailin , Ma Jinhui , Wang Tong 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundThere is debate concerning the effect of acupuncture on rehabilitation following stroke, with key reviews unable to find evidence of benefit. This lack of evidence may be due to poor study design, small sample size, and insufficient theoretical background.ObjectiveThe present study was designed to determine whether acupuncture combined with conventional physical therapy improves motor function and activities of daily living in patients with subacute stroke compared with conventional physical therapy alone.DesignA multicenter, single-blinded, randomized study was conducted.SettingFour rehabilitation centers in the Jiangsu province of China participated in this study.PatientsOne hundred eighty-eight patients with subacute stroke admitted to the hospital were randomized into an acupuncture group and a conventional rehabilitation group.InterventionsA combination of body and scalp acupuncture was used for 3 months in the acupuncture group. All patients underwent conventional stroke rehabilitation.MeasurementsThe Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Barthel Index (BI) were performed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months after inclusion in the study.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found at baseline between the groups. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups using the FMA motor scores and the BI scores at baseline or at 1, 3, or 6 months. Significant improvements were found in each group following treatment.ConclusionsIn patients with subacute stroke, the addition of body and scalp acupuncture to a regimen of conventional physical therapy does not result in further improvement in either motor function or ADL beyond the effect of conventional physical therapy alone.
Complications after mesial temporal lobe surgery via inferiortemporal gyrus approach
Authors: Vale Fernando L. , Reintjes Stephen , Garcia Hermes G. 
Published: May 2013

Object
The purpose of this study was to identify the complications associated with the inferior temporal gyrus approach to anterior mesial temporal lobe resection for temporal lobe epilepsy.

Methods
This retrospective study examined complications experienced by 483 patients during the 3 months after surgery. All surgeries were performed during 1998–2012 by the senior author (F.L.V.).

Results
A total of 13 complications (2.7%) were reported. Complications were 8 delayed subdural hematomas (1.6%), 2 superficial wound infections (0.4%), 1 delayed intracranial hemorrhage (0.2%), 1 small lacunar stroke (0.2%), and 1 transient frontalis nerve palsy (0.2%). Three patients with subdural hematoma (0.6%) required readmission and surgical intervention. One patient (0.2%) with delayed intracranial hemorrhage required readmission to the neuroscience intensive care unit for observation. No deaths or severe neurological impairments were reported. Among the 8 patients with subdural hematoma, 7 were older than 40 years (87.5%); however, this finding was not statistically significant (p = 0.198).

Conclusions
The inferior temporal gyrus approach to mesial temporal lobe resection is a safe and effective method for treating temporal lobe epilepsy. Morbidity and mortality rates associated with this procedure are lower than those associated with other neurosurgical procedures. The finding that surgical complications seem to be more common among older patients emphasizes the need for early surgical referral of patients with medically refractory epilepsy.
Contribution of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the brain response to traumatic brain injury
Authors: Asl Saleh Zahedi , Khaksari Mohammad , Khachki Ali Siahposht , Shahrokhi Nader , Nourizade Shahla 
Published: May 2013

Object
Although there is evidence that estradiol has neuroprotective effects after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in female rats, it is unclear which estrogen receptor (ER) subtype, ERα or ERβ, mediates this effect. The authors therefore examined the roles of the different ERs in this effect. Here the authors used the ERα selective agonist propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) and the ERβ selective agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) alone and in combination in female rats to investigate this question.

Methods
Before the ovariectomized animals were injured using the Marmarou TBI technique, they were randomly divided into the following 9 groups: control, sham, TBI, vehicle, E1 (physiological dose of 17-β estradiol), E2 (pharmacological dose of 17-β estradiol), PPT, DPN, and PPT+DPN. Levels of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption (5 hours) and water content (24 hours) were evaluated after TBI. In groups receiving drugs or vehicle, treatment was administered as a single dose intraperitoneally 30 minutes after induction of TBI.

Results
Results showed that brain edema or brain water content after TBI was lower (p < 0.001) in the E2, PPT, DPN, and PPT+DPN groups than it was in the vehicle group. After trauma, the Evans blue dye content or BBB permeability was significantly higher in the TBI and vehicle groups (p < 0.001) than in the E2, PPT, DPN, and PPT+DPN groups. The inhibitory effects of PPT+DPN on brain water content, neurological scores, and Evans blue dye content were the highest for all groups. Although both PPT and DPN increased neurological scores after TBI, PPT appears to be more effective in increasing neurological scores.

Conclusions
Neuroprotective effects of estradiol on brain edema, BBB permeability, and neurological scores are mediated through both ERα and ERβ. This may suggest a therapeutic potential in the brain trauma for ER-specific agonists.