bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Darwin's monkey: Why baboons can't become human
Authors: Strum Shirley C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBaboons were used in the past as models for human evolution. I utilize 40 years of data from my long‐term study on baboons in Kenya to suggest that baboons are once again relevant for understanding human evolution, not as a referential model but to reset the starting conditions of the human experiment. The baboon data also offer a critique of widely held ideas about how natural selection might work by looking at real lives in real time. This situates competition in a matrix of collaboration and illustrates the critical role of chance, contingency, and history in baboon survival and success. I make three methodological moves to reach these conclusions. The first is to focus on process not just outcome. The second is to look at time scales longer than usual studies but shorter than evolutionary time as a way to open the black box that currently links behavior to evolutionary value. The third is to use comparative natural history, Darwin's method, as a way to capture and comprehend how complexity is generated and how baboons deal with it in their daily lives. These empirical and methodological turns lead to conclusions that run counter to widely held ideas about baboons, about primates, and about the determinism of natural selection. I follow my own research history to illustrate these points. The discussion ranges from alternative interpretations of the male and the female dominance hierarchies, to insights from a fission that happened when the foraging strategy of raiding and nonraiding baboons diverged, to evidence of adaptation after translocation, and finally to assessing two unusual fusions of baboon groups. Altogether, these natural histories yield baboon “principles of the social” with insights about cognition, cooperation, and culture and suggest why baboons can't become human. The data also support Weiss and Buchanan's framework (The Mermaid's Tale: Four Billion Years of Cooperation in the Making of Living Things. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,2009. 305 p) with its alternative view of natural selection in which there is more slippage and tolerance, multiple solutions with larger acceptability spaces, and the possibility that an adaptive fit will be “good enough” rather than seamless. However, capturing behavioral complexity “in the wild” poses methodological challenges. Long‐term field studies provide critical information but the current quantitative methods should be expanded also include natural history observations of behaviors and events across time, space, groups, and landscapes. Finally, the baboon natural histories illustrate how the evolutionary game has changed in the Anthropocene yielding a cautionary tale about the future for many primate species. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of a carbon‐based material derived from coking industry solid waste–phenol residue and its performance as hydrolysis catalysts
Authors: Shen Shuguang , Li Huanmei , Wang Tao , Han Yong , Qin Haifeng 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTA carbon‐based solid acid was successfully synthesized by sulfonating a carbon precursor from pyrolysis of phenol residue, which is a solid waste from coking industry and contains higher phenols. The unit structures of the phenolic residual‐based solid acid are fused aromatic rings bearing CH3 side chains besides phenolic‐OH, COOH and SO3H groups. The direct pyrolysis and carbonization process of phenol residue abounding in phenolic hydroxyl groups avoids the loss of sulfonic acid groups instead of low temperature carbonization in concentrated sulfuric acid. Reaction kinetics of sucrose heterogeneous hydrolysis over the solid acid was studied to assess its catalytic activity and stability. The results indicate that the carbonization temperature for the preparation of carbon precursor significantly affects the catalytic performance of the solid acid because of the difference in the compact degree of carbon skeleton. The activation energy calculated is 74.67 kJ mol−1, which reveals good catalytic activity. And the catalyst is fairly stable after repeatedly being used five times. It can substitute enzymes and sulfuric acid in sucrose hydrolysis. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of connection mode between carboxyl groups and main chains on polycarboxylate superplasticizer properties
Authors: Lv Shenghua , Ju Haobo , Qiu Chaochao , Ma Yujuan , Zhou Qingfang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPreparation and characterization of polycarboxylate superplasticizers of IPCs(copolymer of itaconic acid and allyl polyoxyethylene ether) and MPCs (copolymer of maleic anhydride and allyl polyoxyethylene ether) are shown. The difference between IPCs and MPCs is that half of the carboxyl groups of IPCs indirectly connect to the main chains through methylene. The effects of the carboxyl group‐main chain connection mode on the properties of IPCs and MPCs were investigated by assessing the paste fluidity and the pore diameters and compressive strength. The interaction between IPCs (MPCs) and cement were revealed by zeta‐potential and the adsorption amount. The results indicated that the indirect connection mode favorably improved paste fluidity, decreased pore diameters, and increased the compressive strength compared with the direct connection mode. This is likely because that when carboxyl groups are connected to the main chains indirectly, more moving space allows easier adsorption on cement particles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched polyurethanes via monomeric A2 plus monomeric B3 approach
Authors: Wang Biao , Liu Yuhong , Li Guangqiong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe monomeric A2 plus monomeric B3 approach was employed to prepare hyperbranched polyurethanes (HBPUs) based on 4,4′‐methylenediphenyl diisocyanate and trimethylolpropane with the molecular weights ranging from 20,000 to 59,800 g mol−1. Through controlling the concentration and stoichiometric ratio of monomers, gel was successfully prevented in the monomeric A2 plus monomeric B3 system. The structures of HBPUs were characterized by 13C NMR. Molecular weights of HBPUs were characterized by gel permeation chromatography. A gradual increase in HBPU molecular weight as well as degree of branching was observed when the stoichiometric ratio of A2 to B3 increased. It was exhibited that the solution concentration of the reaction had great effect on the gel point and cyclization of the monomeric A2 plus monomeric B3 system. This novel isocyanate terminated HBPUs are expected to be capable of modifying the curing performance of benzoxazine resin. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Chitosan gel film bandages: Correlating structure, composition, and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Anaya P. , Cárdenas G. , Lavayen V. , García A. , O'Dwyer C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractChitosan gel films were successfully obtained by evaporation cast from chitosan solutions in aqueous acidic solutions of organic acids (lactic and acetic acid) as gel film bandages, with a range of additives that directly influence film morphology and porosity. We show that the structure and composition of a wide range of 128 thin gel films, is correlated to the antimicrobial properties, their biocompatibility and resistance to biodegradation. Infrared spectroscopy and solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to correlate film molecular structure and composition to good antimicrobial properties against 10 of the most prevalent Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Chitosan gel films reduce the number of colonies after 24 h of incubation by factors of ∼105–107 CFU/mL, compared with controls. For each of these films, the structure and preparation condition has a direct relationship to antimicrobial activity and effectiveness. These gel film bandages also show excellent stability against biodegradation with lysozyme under physiological conditions (5% weight loss over a period of 1 month, 2% in the first week), allowing use during the entire healing process. These chitosan thin films and subsequent derivatives hold potential as low‐cost, dissolvable bandages, or second skin, with antimicrobial properties that prohibit the most relevant intrahospital bacteria that infest burn injuries. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Delay‐Dependent Exponential Stability for Discrete‐Time Singular Switched Systems with Time‐Varying Delay
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Zhao Jiemei 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this paper, the exponential stability problem is investigated for a class of discrete‐time singular switched systems with time‐varying delay. By using a new Lyapunov functional and average dwell time scheme, a delay‐dependent sufficient condition is established in terms of linear matrix inequalities for the considered system to be regular, causal, and exponentially stable. Different from the existing results, in the considered systems the corresponding singular matrices do not need to have the same rank. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed result.
An analytical method for measuring α‐amylase activity in starch‐containing foods
Authors: Koyama Kazuo , Hirao Takashi , Toriba Akira , Hayakawa Kazuichi 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe quality of starch‐containing foods may be significantly impaired by contamination with very small amounts of α‐amylase, which can enzymatically hydrolyze the starch and cause viscosity loss. Thus, for quality control, it is necessary to have an analytical method that can measure low amylase activity. We developed a sensitive analytical method for measuring the activity of α‐amylase (from Bacillus subtilis) in starch‐containing foods. The method consists of six steps: (1) crude extraction of α‐amylase by centrifugation and filtration; (2) α‐amylase purification by desalting and anion‐exchange chromatography; (3) reaction of the purified amylase with boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY)‐labeled substrate, which releases a fluorescent fragment upon digestion of the substrate, thus avoiding interference from starch derivatives in the sample; (4) stopping the reaction with acetonitrile; (5) reversed‐phase solid‐phase extraction of the fluorescent substrate to remove contaminating dye and impurities; and (6) separation and measurement of BODIPY fluorescence by HPLC. The proposed method could quantify α‐amylase activities as low as 10 mU/mL, which is enough to reduce the viscosity of starch‐containing foods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die ProcessNet‐Fachgemeinschaft Anlagen‐ und Prozesssicherheit: ein Beitrag zum Qualitätsmerkmal „Made in Germany“
Authors: Pfeil Norbert 
Published: October 2012

Abstract„Chemie und Petrochemie repräsentieren einen bedeutenden Teil der Wirtschaftskraft der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Nicht nur für eine moderne Industriegesellschaft sind ihre Produkte unverzichtbar geworden. Unverzichtbar für die Weiterentwicklung dieser Wirtschaftszweige ist auch, dass die in Deutschland geplanten, gebauten und betriebenen Produktionsanlagen sicherheitstechnisch auf hohem Niveau sind. Die Fachgemeinschaft Anlagen‐ und Prozesssicherheit und ihre Vorgänger leisten hierzu seit über 30 Jahren wichtige Beiträge.“ Mit diesen Worten lädt unter processnet.org/aps.html die Einstiegswebseite der ProcessNet‐Fachgemeinschaft Anlagen‐ und Prozesssicherheit den Leser dazu ein, sich mit Aufgaben und Zielen, mit Arbeitsweise und Strukturen und mit den Produkten der Fachgemeinschaft näher zu befassen. Dies soll auch hier erreicht werden, nicht als Selbstdarstellung, sondern für den Erhalt und die Weiterentwicklung der notwendigen Kompetenz in der Anlagen‐ und Prozesssicherheit. Hierfür braucht die Fachgemeinschaft die Mitwirkung der verfügbaren Fachleute, aber auch junge Ingenieure und Wissenschaftler, auch Studenten, die Fachleute der Prozess‐ und Anlagensicherheit werden und sich weiterentwickeln wollen.
Canonical biplot statistical analysis to detect the magnitude of the effects of phosphates crystallization aging on the color in siliceous conglomerates
Authors: Iñigo A. C. , García‐Talegón J. , Vicente‐Tavera S. 
Published: October 2012

The Canonical Biplot method is used to determine the magnitude of the effects on the Δ chromatic coordinates (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*) and the parameter ΔE*, where (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*) are the difference in the values of the sample after each aging cycle and the value of the untreated sample and ΔE* = [(ΔL*)2+ (Δa*)2+ (Δb*)2]1/2. We performed a study of the changes in color produced by two types of artificial aging procedures on four varieties of siliceous conglomerates from Zamora (Spain) that have traditionally been used in construction and later renovations in historical buildings in the zone. To accomplish this, 25 cycles of the following types of accelerated artificial aging were carried out: (a) freezing/thawing and cooling/heating (T1) and (b) combined freezing/thawing and cooling/heating + salt (phosphates) crystallization (T2).The results of the statistical study applied (Canonical Biplot) allowed us to differentiate the magnitude effect on the color of the surface brought about by T1 as compared with T2. These effects (p < 0.05) were observed in all but one (ochre conglomerate) of the varieties, but mainly in the variable governing red hue (Δa*) and yellow hue (Δb*). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 82–87, 2014
Precoding and channel state information sharing in cooperative macro base stations and femto sites
Authors: Long H. , Xiang W. , Zhang Y. , Wang J. , Zheng K. , Wang W. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYFemto cell technology is a promising solution for indoor coverage of cellular systems. The interference between macro and femto cells can be mitigated via cooperation between the macro base station (BS) and the inside femto sites (FSs). In this paper, the idea of multi‐cell multi‐input and multi‐output is introduced, whereby the macro BS shares the same frequency band with the inside FSs in support of the femto users. Both single‐user and multi‐user precoding at the macro BS are proposed to support the cooperative transmission between the macro BSs and FSs. In single‐user precoding and multi‐user precoding without power allocation, only the angle information of the FS‐user channels is required to be sent from the users to the macro BS. If the magnitude information is also sent by each user, multi‐user precoding with power allocation can be employed to support cooperation between macro BSs and FSs, which is an extension of the classical water‐filling optimization problem. Theoretical derivations and an iterative algorithm are both presented to solve this optimization problem. Analytical and simulation results with respect to the signal received with interferences validate the effectiveness of cooperation between the macros BSs and FSs.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐layer packet scheduler for QoS support over Digital Video Broadcasting‐Second Generation broadband satellite systems
Authors: Rendon‐Morales Elizabeth , Mata‐Díaz Jorge , Alins Juanjo , Muñoz Jose L. , Esparza Oscar 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThis article presents a cross‐layer packet scheduler to provide end‐to‐end QoS guarantees for Digital Video Broadcasting‐Second Generation (DVB‐S2) broadband satellite systems. The scheduler design is based on a cross‐layer mechanism defined between the physical and the network layer. It includes an algorithm to guarantee the required QoS specifications established in the service level agreement. The algorithm calculation depends basically on two parameters: the available bandwidth present in a DVB‐S2 satellite link and the QoS requirements of each traffic class defined by the satellite operator. The cross‐layer scheduler's operation is demonstrated using the NS‐2 simulator tool. The results show that the proposed mechanism maximizes the bandwidth utilization while enforcing the priority level of each service class when an extreme reduction of bandwidth caused by rain events is experienced. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palladium(II) Complexes with Chelating Biscarbene Ligands in the Catalytic Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Micksch Maik , Strassner Thomas 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe studied the catalytic activity of palladium(II) complexes with chelating imidazolium and benzimidazolium ligands in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. The methylene‐bridged systems with aryl substituents carrying sterically and electronically different groups (F, NO2, OMe, H, Me, iPr) show good to excellent catalytic activities in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of aryl bromides. The p‐methoxyphenyl‐substituted bis(NHC)–palladium complex was the most active one under our reaction conditions, also in the context of a wide substrate scope. Several ortho‐ as well as para‐substituted aryl bromides were coupled in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions.
Towards new analyses of aroma and volatiles to understand sensory perception of olive oil
Authors: Aparicio Ramón , Morales María T. , García‐González Diego L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe rich flavor of virgin olive oil (VOO) is one of the reasons why it stands out as a gourmet product. The classification of olive oils into quality categories basically relies on the sensory assessment, together with some chemical indices that do not provide information about aroma or taste. Some analytical techniques attempt to analyze the volatile compounds of olive oil, which are actually responsible for the aroma, and give objective chemical information that can explain the sensory perception. They are based on gas chromatography (GC) and gas sensor, such as metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors. In both cases, the chemical data should be interpreted from a sensory perspective, considering the impact of each compound on aroma and trying to get as much information as possible with new data processing. In the case of MOS sensors, the coupling of a GC column allows gaining more information on aroma. Despite the extensive knowledge on the volatile compounds of olive oil, these techniques still fail in reproducing some results of the panellists. The physiological processes implied in the olfaction needs to be explored with new approaches to understand the sensory perception. These new approaches will support the alternatives to sensory assessment.
Host national and religious identification among Turkish Muslims in Western Europe: The role of ingroup norms, perceived discrimination and value incompatibility
Authors: Martinovic Borja , Verkuyten Maykel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractUsing a sample of 602 Turkish Muslims from Germany and the Netherlands, we examined the influence of ingroup norms and perceived discrimination on religious group identification and host national identification. Participants experiencing pressures from their ingroup to maintain an ethnoreligious lifestyle as well as those who perceived discrimination by natives identified more strongly with their religious group and, in turn, identified less with the host country. Further, the positive relationship between discrimination and religious group identification and the negative relationship between religious and national identification were especially strong for participants who perceived incompatibility between Western and Islamic ways of life. It is concluded that Muslim and host national identities are not always mutually exclusive and that it is important to study the conditions that reconcile and contrast them. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bidirectional loading hybrid tests of square cross‐sections of steel bridge piers
Authors: Dang Ji , Aoki Tetsuhiko 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYSteel rectangular section columns with stiffened plates are commonly used for elevated highway bridges in the urban areas of Japan. The seismic design of bridge piers is usually performed by dynamic analysis in the horizontal direction using various independent directional seismic acceleration data. However, this simple treatment does not reflect the effect of bilateral loading as a structural response to inelastic interaction. In this study, unidirectional and bidirectional loading hybrid tests were conducted to examine the seismic response and performance of square cross‐sections of steel bridge piers subjected to bidirectional seismic accelerations. Comparison of the results of unidirectional and bidirectional loading tests revealed that the maximum load is the same as the average of unidirectional loading in the NS and EW directions; however, the maximum response displacement and residual displacement increase in proportion with hard to soft ground types. Moreover, a modified seismic design is proposed considering these bidirectional loading effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The entire miR‐200 seed family is strongly deregulated in clear cell renal cell cancer compared to the proximal tubular epithelial cells of the kidney
Authors: Duns Gerben , van den Berg Anke , van Dijk Marcory C. R. F. , van Duivenbode Inge , Giezen Cor , Kluiver Joost , van Goor Harry , Hofstra Robert M. W. , van den Berg Eva , Kok Klaas 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDespite numerous studies reporting deregulated microRNA (miRNA) and gene expression patterns in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), no direct comparisons have been made to its presumed normal counterpart: the renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). The aim of this study was to determine the miRNA expression profiles of 10 ccRCC‐derived cell lines and short‐term cultures of PTEC and to correlate these with their gene expression and copy‐number profiles. Using microarray‐based methods, a significantly altered expression level in ccRCC cell lines was observed for 23 miRNAs and 1630 genes. The set of miRNAs with significantly decreased expression levels include all members of the miR‐200 family known to be involved in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition process. Expression levels of 13 of the 47 validated target genes for the downregulated miRNAs were increased more than twofold. Our data reinforce the importance of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition process in the development of ccRCC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.