bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Insecticide Exposure Across Multiple Generations of the Earthworm Eisenia andrei
Authors: Martin William J. , Sibley Paul K. , Prosser Ryan S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The toxicity of neonicotinoids and many of their replacement insecticides to nontarget soil invertebrates such as earthworms has previously been established. However, the long-term effects of these substances on these organisms are largely unknown. In the field of soil ecotoxicology, lumbricid earthworms such as Eisenia andrei are used extensively due to the availability of standardized test methods and their adaptability to laboratory culture and testing. Multigenerational studies have gained popularity and attention in recent years, with a shift toward the use of long-term assays and lower concentrations of test chemicals. The use of exposure concentrations that include those measured in a monitoring program carried out by the Government of Ontario presents a realistic exposure scenario that may not show significant effects in contemporary, shorter term studies. We used current standardized test methods as a basis for the development of multigenerational studies on E. andrei. The effects of exposure to a single application of the insecticides thiamethoxam and cyantraniliprole on the survival and reproduction of E. andrei were observed over three (thiamethoxam) or two (cyantraniliprole) generations using consecutive reproduction tests. No significant impacts on adult survival were reported in any generation for either insecticide, whereas reproduction decreased between the first and second generations in the thiamethoxam test, with median effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.022 mg/kg dry weight reported for the first generation compared with 0.002 mg/kg dry weight in the second generation. For cyantraniliprole, an EC50 of 0.064 was determined for the first generation compared with 0.016 mg/kg dry weight in the second generation. A third generation was completed for the thiamethoxam test, and a significant decrease in reproduction was observed in all treatments and controls compared with previous generations. No significant difference between thiamethoxam treatments and the control treatment was reported for the third generation. Collectively, these data indicate that exposure of oligochaetes to these two insecticides at concentrations representative of field conditions may result in long-term stresses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2058–2070. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Nanopore DNA Sequencing Detected Chromothripsis‐Induced PAFAH1B1::USP6 Rearrangement in Periosteal Solid Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Initially Diagnosed as Osteosarcoma
Authors: Makise Naohiro , Lin Jason , Kageyama Hajime , Kinoshita Hideyuki , Kamoda Hiroto , Hagiwara Yoko , Oikawa Mariko , Sugiyama Takahiro , Kawana Hidetada , Araki Akinobu , Yonemoto Tsukasa , Kawazu Masahito , Itami Makiko 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTAn aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign bone neoplasm that typically occurs during the first and second decades of life. ABC usually presents as a rapidly growing intramedullary expansile mass with multiple blood‐filled cysts in the metaphysis of the long tubular bones. Here, we report a case of a periosteal solid ABC that was initially diagnosed as a high‐grade surface osteosarcoma. A 10‐year‐old male was referred to our hospital for swelling and tenderness of the left upper arm. Radiography revealed periosteal mass without fluid–fluid levels. On performing open biopsy, the tumor showed hypercellular proliferation of uniform spindle to epithelioid cells with brisk mitotic activity (up to 12/2 mm2) and lace‐like osteoid formation, which was diagnosed as a high‐grade surface osteosarcoma. After one course of chemotherapy using adriamycin and cisplatin, peripheral sclerosis was conspicuous, which led to pathological review and revision of diagnosis as “possibly osteoblastoma.” The patient was disease‐free for 4 years after marginal resection and curettage. Retrospective nanopore DNA sequencing unexpectedly detected a PAFAH1B1::USP6 rearrangement. The fusion gene was further validated using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and the diagnosis was revised to ABC. Chromothripsis involving chromosome 17 has also been identified. Methylation analysis classified the present tumor as an ABC or non‐ossifying fibroma using t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and unsupervised hierarchical clustering. This case report highlights the utility of nanopore DNA sequencing for soft tissue and bone tumor diagnosis.
Comparison of unilateral versus bilateral central neck dissection for clinically invasive papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Min Lei , Weng Yujing , Li Yuan , Liu Die , Huang Zhiheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe American Thyroid Association guidelines primarily recommend central neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma with advanced primary tumors or clinically positive neck nodes. However, the appropriate extent of dissection remains unclear. We aimed to compare the rate of locoregional recurrence between unilateral and bilateral central neck dissection in invasive papillary thyroid carcinoma.MethodsAmong 330 consecutive patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection for advanced papillary thyroid carcinoma, 212 underwent unilateral central neck dissection (UCND group) while 118 underwent bilateral central neck dissection (BCND group). We performed 1:1 propensity score matching, resulting in 99 matched pairs. Surgical outcomes and safety were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the impact of surgery on locoregional recurrence was compared using survival analysis.ResultsDuring a follow‐up of 47.8 ± 20.4 months, 29 (8.8%) patients experienced locoregional recurrence within the entire study cohort. Following propensity score matching, no significant difference in recurrence‐free survival was observed between the two groups (log‐rank p = 0.516). Multivariate analysis revealed that only T4 staging was an independent risk factor for locoregional recurrence (p = 0.006). The mean number of total and metastatic central lymph nodes retrieved were significantly greater in BCND group (14.1 vs. 9.3, p < 0.001 and 6.8 vs. 4.6, p = 0.005, respectively). There was no significant difference in postoperative stimulated thyroglobulin levels between the two groups (0.79 ng/mL vs. 1.44 ng/mL, p = 0.389).ConclusionThe present study demonstrates no prognostic benefit in conducting bilateral central neck dissection. Unilateral central neck dissection may be the preferred choice for clinically invasive papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Evaluation of no‐show rate in outpatient clinics with open access scheduling system: A systematic review
Authors: Mazaheri Habibi Mohammad Reza , Abadi Fahimeh Mohammad , Tabesh Hamed , Vakili‐arki Hasan , Abu‐Hanna Ameen , Ghaddaripouri Kosar , Eslami Saeid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients' missed appointments can cause interference in the functions of the clinics and the visit of other patients. One of the most effective strategies to solve the problem of no‐show rate is the use of an open access scheduling system (OA). This systematic review was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of OA on the rate of no‐show of patients in outpatient clinics.MethodsRelevant articles in English were investigated based on the keywords in title and abstract using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and Google Scholar search engine (July 23, 2023). The articles using OA and reporting the no‐show rate were included. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) review articles, opinion, and letters, (2) inpatient scheduling system articles, and (3) modeling or simulating OA articles. Data were extracted from the selected articles about such issues as study design, outcome measures, interventions, results, and quality score.FindingsFrom a total of 23,403 studies, 16 articles were selected. The specialized fields included family medicine (62.5%, 10), pediatrics (25%, four), ophthalmology, podiatric, geriatrics, internal medicine, and primary care (6.25%, one). Of 16 articles, 10 papers (62.5%) showed a significant decrease in the no‐show rate. In four articles (25%), the no‐show rate was not significantly reduced. In two papers (12.5%), there were no significant changes.ConclusionsAccording to this study results, it seems that in most outpatient clinics, the use of OA by considering some conditions such as conducting needs assessment and system design based on the patients' and providers' actual needs, and cooperating of all system stakeholders through consistent training caused a significant decrease in the no‐show rate.
Comparison of two isotopic hydrograph separation methods in the Hydrological Open Air Laboratory, Austria
Authors: Szeles Borbala , Holko Ladislav , Parajka Juraj , Stumpp Christine , Stockinger Michael , Komma Jürgen , Rab Gerhard , Wyhlidal Stefan , Schott Katharina , Hogan Patrick , Pavlin Lovrenc , Strauss Peter , Schmaltz Elmar , Blöschl Günter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExploring the contributions of new and old water to runoff during precipitation events in agricultural catchments is essential for understanding runoff generation, solute transport, and soil erosion. The aim of this study was to investigate the variability in the isotopic composition of precipitation and runoff in the 66 ha agricultural catchment in Austria, in the Hydrological Open Air Laboratory (HOAL), in order to compare two isotope hydrograph separation methods. The classical two‐component (IHS) and the ensemble hydrograph separation (EHS) were applied to multiple large events in May–October of 2013–2018 using δ18O and δ2H. The peak flow new water contributions obtained by IHS were compared with the average new water fraction from EHS. The average new water fraction calculated with EHS based on regular weekly sampling was close to zero, which can be explained by the large diffuse groundwater discharge into the stream between the events. When only investigating events with high temporal resolution sampling, the results suggest that EHS provided average new water fractions during peak flows (0.46 ± 0.04 for δ18O, 0.47 ± 0.03 for δ2H) that were close to the averages obtained by IHS (0.47 for δ18O, 0.50 for δ2H). New water fractions tended to be higher for larger rainfall intensities. High peak flow new water fractions could be explained by the agricultural land use and soils with low permeability promoting overland flow generation and by some of the tile drainage systems contributing to the delivery of water. In conclusion, a weekly sampling frequency was not sufficient in the HOAL but instead high‐resolution sampling during events was necessary to estimate the average new water contributions during events. While EHS may be a more robust approach compared to IHS, as it relaxes some of the assumptions of IHS, IHS can provide information on the variability of new water contributions of individual events.
The effect of wetting history, botanical composition and depth on the specific yield of two common types of bog peat
Authors: Baird Andy J. , Milner Alice M. , Morris Paul J. , Green Sophie M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpecific yield affects how much the water table rises and falls in response to rainfall, to evaporation and to seepage gains and losses. It also affects the aeration of the soil above the water table. Although widely measured in peat soils, the effect of wetting history on its value has not been investigated. Specific yield has been estimated in many studies by cutting peat cores into layers, and measuring how much water drains from the individual layers after they have been wetted. Specific yield, however, is a phenomenon of the soil profile and not subsections, so this method may not provide a reliable estimate of its value. Few studies have reported on the effect of botanical composition on specific yield, or at least have not controlled for the effect by keeping other peat properties like degree of humification constant. We addressed these questions by measuring specific yield in intact cores of peat in a series of laboratory experiments. Two common but contrasting types of Sphagnum peat were investigated that had similar degrees of humification: Sphagnum medium peat and Sphagnum pulchrum peat. We found that specific yield was highly variable, ranging between 0.16 and 0.62. Specific yield was not affected by wetting history, but was significantly different between the peat types, being on average 0.21 higher in the S. pulchrum cores. Specific yield did not vary with depth in the S. medium cores but declined linearly with depth at a rate of 0.018 per cm in the Sphagnum pulchrum cores. Finally, we found that drainage from the peat profile above the zone through which the water table falls is an important component of specific yield, contributing more than 66%–91% of its value in the S. pulchrum peat. Our results show that wetting history probably does not need to be accounted for when estimating specific yield, although further work on this potential effect is recommended. Our work highlights the importance of measuring specific yield using intact cores (field methods may also be appropriate) and suggests that many previous peatland studies may have underestimated its value.
The immunomodulatory ballet of tumour‐derived extracellular vesicles and neutrophils orchestrating the dynamic CD73/PD‐L1 pathway in cancer
Authors: Rubenich Dominique S. , Domagalski Jordana L. , Gentil Gabriela F. S. , Eichberger Jonas , Fiedler Mathias , Weber Florian , Federlin Marianne , Poeck Hendrik , Reichert Torsten E. , Ettl Tobias , Bauer Richard J. , Braganhol Elizandra , Schulz Daniela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a global cancer burden with a 5‐year overall survival rate of around 50%, stagnant for decades. A tumour‐induced immunosuppressive microenvironment contributes to HNSCC progression, with the adenosine (ADO) pathway and an upregulated expression of inhibitory immune checkpoint regulators playing a key role in this context. The correlation between high neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with advanced tumour staging suggests involvement of neutrophils (NØ) in cancer progression. Interestingly, we associated a high NLR with an increased intracellular PD‐L1 localization in primary HNSCC samples, potentially mediating more aggressive tumour characteristics and therefore synergistically favouring tumour progression. Still, further research is needed to harness this knowledge for effective treatments and overcome resistance. Since it is hypothesized that the tumour microenvironment (TME) may be influenced by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by tumours (TEX), this study aims to investigate the impact of HNSCC‐derived TEX on NØ and blockade of ADO receptors as a potential strategy to reverse the pro‐tumour phenotype of NØ. UMSCC47‐TEX exhibited CD73 enzymatic activity involved in ADO signalling, as well as the immune checkpoint inhibitor PD‐L1. Data revealed that TEX induce chemotaxis of NØ and the sustained interaction promotes a shift into a pro‐tumour phenotype, dependent on ADO receptors (P1R), increasing CD170high subpopulation, CD73 and PD‐L1 expression, followed by an immunosuppressive secretome. Blocking A3R reduced CD73 and PD‐L1 expression. Co‐culture experiments with HNSCC cells demonstrated that TEX‐modulated NØ increase the CD73/PD‐L1 axis, through Cyclin D‐CDK4/6 signalling. To support these findings, the CAM model with primary tumour was treated with NØ supernatant. Moreover, these NØ promoted an increase in migration, invasion, and reduced cell death. Targeting P1R on NØ, particularly A3R, exhibited potential therapeutic strategy to counteract immunosuppression in HNSCC. Understanding the TEX‐mediated crosstalk between tumours and NØ offers insights into immunomodulation for improving cancer therapies.
Diagnostics Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detection of Atherosclerotic Plaque Characteristics in Carotid Arteries Compared to Histology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pakizer David , Kozel Jiří , Elmers Jolanda , Feber Janusz , Michel Patrik , Školoudík David , Sirimarco Gaia 
Published: July 2024

Carotid plaque composition represents one of the main risk factors of future ischemic stroke. MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast that can distinguish plaque characteristics. Our objective was to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of MRI imaging in the detection of carotid plaque characteristics compared to histology in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis through a systematic review. After prospective registration in PROSPERO (ID CRD42022329690), Medline Ovid, Embase.com, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science Core were searched without any search limitation up to May 27, 2022 to identify eligible articles. Of the 8168 studies, 53 (37 × 1.5 T MRI, 17 × 3 T MRI) evaluated MRI accuracy in the detection of 13 specific carotid plaque characteristics in 169 comparisons. MRI demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for detection of calcification (3 T MRI: mean sensitivity 92%/mean specificity 90%; 1.5 T MRI: mean sensitivity 81%/mean specificity 91%), fibrous cap (1.5 T: 89%/87%), unstable plaque (1.5 T: 89%/87%), intraplaque hemorrhage (1.5 T: 86%/88%), and lipid‐rich necrotic core (1.5 T: 89%/79%). MRI also proved to have a high level of tissue discrimination for the carotid plaque characteristics investigated, allowing potentially for a better risk assessment and follow‐up of patients who may benefit from more aggressive treatments. These results emphasize the role of MRI as the first‐line imaging modality for comprehensive assessment of carotid plaque morphology, particularly for unstable plaque.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
The Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume and Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: As Assessed by Cardiac MR
Authors: Li Chensi , Yu Honglin , Li Yuguo , Deng Wei , Jia Zhuoran , Xue Yangcheng , Wang Zhen , Xu Huimin , Yu Yongqiang , Zhao Ren , Han Yuchi , Zhu Yinsu , Li Xiaohu 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundEpicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a metabolically active visceral fat linked to cardiovascular disease. Prior studies demonstrated the predictive value of EAT volume (EATV) in atrial fibrillation (AF) among hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy patients.PurposeTo investigate the association between EATV and AF in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationTwo hundred and twenty‐four HCM patients (including 79 patients with AF and 145 patients without AF, 154 men) and 80 healthy controls (54 men).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T scanner; balanced steady‐state free precession (SSFP) cine sequence, gradient echo.AssessmentEAT thickness was assessed in the 4‐chamber and basal short‐axis planes. EAT volume was calculated by outlining the epicardial border and visceral pericardium layer on short‐axis cine images.Statistical TestsShapiro–Wilk test, Student's t test or the Mann–Whitney U test, chi‐square test or Fisher's exact test, Multivariate linear regression analyses, Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficient. Significance was determined at P < 0.05.ResultsEATV and EAT volume index (EATVI) were significantly greater in HCM patients with AF than those without AF (126.6 ± 25.9 mL vs. 90.5 ± 24.5 mL, and 73.0 ± 15.9 mL/m2 vs. 51.3 ± 13.4 mL/m2). EATVI was associated with AF in multivariable linear regression analysis among HCM patients (β = 0.62). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to other indicators, the area under curve (AUC) of EATVI was 0.86 (cut‐off, 53.9 mL/m2, 95% CI, 0.80–0.89), provided a better performance, with the sensitivity of 96.2% and specificity of 58.6%. The combined model exhibited superior association with AF presence compared to the clinical model (AUC 0.96 vs. 0.76) and the imaging model (AUC 0.96 vs. 0.93).Data ConclusionEATVI was associated with AF. EATVI was significantly correlated with incident AF, and provided a better performance in HCM patients compared to other indicators.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Vagal‐α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling exacerbates influenza severity by promoting lung epithelial cell infection
Authors: Zhao Caiqi , Pan Mengyao , Chen Jie , Li Ling , Zhang Yan , Liu Wenjun , Matthay Michael A. , Wang Haichao , Jin Xia , Xu Jin‐fu , Su Xiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe vagus nerve circuit, operating through the alpha‐7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR), regulates the inflammatory response by influencing immune cells. However, the role of vagal‐α7 nAChR signaling in influenza virus infection is unclear. In particular, does vagal‐α7 nAChR signaling impact the infection of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), the primary target cells of influenza virus? Here, we demonstrated a distinct role of α7 nAChR in type II AECs compared to its role in immune cells during influenza infection. We found that deletion of Chrna7 (encoding gene of α7 nAChR) in type II AECs or disruption of vagal circuits reduced lung influenza infection and protected mice from influenza‐induced lung injury. We further unveiled that activation of α7 nAChR enhanced influenza infection through PTP1B‐NEDD4L‐ASK1‐p38MAPK pathway. Mechanistically, activation of α7 nAChR signaling decreased p38MAPK phosphorylation during infection, facilitating the nuclear export of influenza viral ribonucleoproteins and thereby promoting infection. Taken together, our findings reveal a mechanism mediated by vagal‐α7 nAChR signaling that promotes influenza viral infection and exacerbates disease severity. Targeting vagal‐α7 nAChR signaling may offer novel strategies for combating influenza virus infections.