bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium‐Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Arylation of Allylamines with Thiophenes and Furans
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Zhang Lingjuan , Dong Chaonan , Cai Zhongzheng , Tang Weijun , Li Huanrong , Xu Lijin , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed highly regioselective and stereoselective direct arylation of allylamine derivatives with a wide range of thiophenes and furans has been developed. In the presence of palladium(II) acetate [Pd(OAc)2] catalyst and appropriate oxidants, the coupling reaction proceeded with excellent group compatibility and high efficiency, leading exclusively to γ‐arylated linear (E)‐allylamines. It was found that the choice of solvent, olefin substrate and oxidant had an important influence on reaction efficiency, and the use of sterically demanding N,N‐diprotected allylamines bearing a carbamate moiety is crucial for securing high regioselectivity and stereoslectivity. This method provides a straightforward approach for the efficient synthesis of various γ‐heteroarylated, linear (E)‐allylamines.
Structure memory effects and rheological behaviors of polyethylenes in processing temperature window
Authors: Gai Jing‐Gang , Cao Ya 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this work, both hexene copolymerized polyethylene of TR‐571 and homopolymerized polyethylene of 5000s were ram extruded using a temperature window effect. The rheological results show that the extrusion pressures abruptly drops at very narrow extrusion temperature windows for the two types of polyethylenes, but the window range (150–155°C) of TR‐571 are higher about 6°C than that of 5000s, and the threshold melt velocity value (where the window effect set in) for TR‐571 is remarkably lower than that of 5000s. Besides, the differential scanning calorimeter experiments indicate that the melting points (Tm) of the extrudates obtained inside the temperature window are lower 3.74–4.56°C than those obtained outside, whereas the crystallization peak temperatures (Tc) of the former are higher 3.29–3.57°C than those of the later. The crystal orientation, shown in the photographs of wide‐angle x‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, indicates that the chain alignment induced by elongational flow in the temperature window can at least be partially maintained and leave a structure memory in the melt state. Successive self‐nucleation and annealing fractionation results suggest that these well‐aligned chains as the result of structure memory effect can act as a nucleating agent in the crystallization process. Thus, the number of the lamellae increases and the thickness decrease, which finally leading to higher Tc and lower Tm of extrudates obtained inside a temperature window. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
A Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Layered Protonated Titanate Nanosheets Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles with Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Gao Yuanpeng , Fang Pengfei , Liu Zhi , Chen Feitai , Liu Yang , Wang Dahai , Dai Yiqun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLayered protonated titanate nanosheets (LPTNs) loaded with silver nanoparticles are prepared by a simple one‐pot hydrothermal route in silver‐ammonia solution. The as‐synthesized Ag‐loaded LPTNs possess large specific surface area. The Ag nanoparticles are highly dispersed on the surface of the LPTNs. They have negligible effects on the crystal structure, crystallinity, and surface area of the LPTNs but result in considerable enhancement of visible‐light absorption and in a red‐shift of the band gap for the LPTNs. The Ag‐loaded LPTNs show enhanced photocatalytic activity for both liquid‐ and gas‐phase reactions under visible‐light irradiation. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity first increases gradually with increasing Ag loading content, and then decreases after maximizing at an optimal Ag content. At the Ag loading content of 2.87 mol % and 1.57 mol %, the Ag‐loaded LPTNs exhibit the highest visible‐light photocatalytic activity for degradation of rhodamine B in water and mineralization of benzene in air, respectively. An alternative possible mechanism for the enhancement of the visible‐light photocatalytic activity is also proposed.
Development of a Novel Self‐Tuned Adaptive Supervisory Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller for Induction Motor Drive
Authors: Wang S. Y. , Tseng C. L. , Tseng C.H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis work presents a novel speed control scheme for an induction motor (IM) using an adaptive supervisory differential cerebellar model articulation controller (ASDCMAC). The ASDCMAC has a supervisory controller and an adaptive differential cerebellar model articulation controller (ADCMAC), and the ASDCMAC is utilized as the speed controller. The supervisory controller monitors the control process to keep speed tracking error within a predefined range, and the ADCMAC learns and approximates system dynamics. The connective weights of ADCMAC are adjusted online, according to adaptive rules derived in Lyapunov stability theory, to ensure system stability. The robustness of the proposed ASDCMAC against parameter variations and external load torque disturbances is verified via simulations and experiments, respectively. Three control schemes, the ASDCMAC, fuzzy control, and PI control, are investigated experimentally, and a performance index, root mean square error (RMSE), is utilized for each scheme. The experimental results demonstrate that the ASDCMAC outperforms the two other control schemes with external load torque variations.
What precision‐protein‐tuning and nano‐resolved single molecule sciences can do for each other
Authors: Milles Sigrid , Lemke Edward A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhile innovations in modern microscopy, spectroscopy, and nanoscopy techniques have made single molecule observation a standard in many laboratories, the actual design of meaningful fluorescence reporter systems now hinders major scientific breakthroughs. Even though the field of chemical biology is supercharging the fluorescence toolbox, surprisingly few strategies exist that make the transition from model systems to biologically relevant applications. At the same time, the number of microscopy techniques is growing dramatically. We explain our view on how the impact of modern technologies is influenced not only by further hard‐ and software developments, but also by the availability and suitability of protein‐engineering tools. We identify how the largely independent research fields of chemical biology and fluorescence nanoscopy can influence each other to synergistically drive future technology that can visualize the localization, structure, and dynamics of molecular function without constraints.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing single-incision versus conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Trastulli S , Cirocchi R , Desiderio J , Guarino S , Santoro A , Parisi A , Noya G , Boselli C 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) may offer advantages over conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized clinical trials on SILC versus LC until May 2012. Odds ratio (OR) and weight mean difference (WMD) were calculated with 95 per cent confidence intervals (c.i.) based on intention-to-treat analysis.

Results
Thirteen randomized clinical trials included a total of 923 procedures. SILC had a higher procedure failure rate than LC (OR 8·16, 95 per cent c.i. 3·42 to 19·45; P &lt; 0·001), required a longer operating time (WMD 16·55, 95 per cent c.i. 9·95 to 23·15 min; P &lt; 0·001) and was associated with greater intraoperative blood loss (WMD 1·58, 95% of c.i. 0·44 to 2·71 ml; P = 0·007). There were no differences between the two approaches in rate of conversion to open surgery, length of hospital stay, postoperative pain, adverse events, wound infections or port-site hernias. Better cosmetic outcomes were demonstrated in favour of SILC as measured by Body Image Scale questionnaire (WMD − 0·97, 95% of c.i. − 1·51 to − 0·43; P &lt; 0·001) and Cosmesis score (WMD − 2·46, 95% of c.i. − 2·95 to − 1·97; P &lt; 0·001), but this was based on comparison with procedures in which multiple and often large ports (10 mm) were used.

Conclusion
SILC has a higher procedure failure rate with more blood loss and takes longer than LC. No trial was adequately powered to assess safety.
Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Cauchy F , Zalinski S , Dokmak S , Fuks D , Farges O , Castera L , Paradis V , Belghiti J 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
The incidence of metabolic syndrome-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (MS-HCC) is increasing. However, the results following liver resection in this context have not been described in detail.

Methods
Data for all patients with metabolic syndrome as a unique risk factor for HCC who underwent liver resection between 2000 and 2011 were retrieved retrospectively from an institutional database. Pathological analysis of the underlying parenchyma included fibrosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score. Patients were classified as having normal or abnormal underlying parenchyma. Their characteristics and outcomes were compared.

Results
A total of 560 resections for HCC were performed in the study interval. Sixty-two patients with metabolic syndrome, of median age 70 (range 50–84) years, underwent curative hepatectomy for HCC, including 32 major resections (52 per cent). Normal underlying parenchyma was present in 24 patients (39 per cent). The proportion of resected HCCs labelled as MS-HCC accounted for more than 15 per cent of the entire HCC population in more recent years. Mortality and major morbidity rates were 11 and 58 per cent respectively. Compared with patients with normal underlying liver, patients with abnormal liver had increased rates of mortality (0 versus 18 per cent; P = 0·026) and major complications (13 versus 42 per cent; P = 0·010). In multivariable analysis, a non-severely fibrotic yet abnormal underlying parenchyma was a risk factor for major complications (hazard ratio 5·66, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·21 to 26·52; P = 0·028). The 3-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 75 and 70 per cent respectively, and were not influenced by the underlying parenchyma.

Conclusion
HCC in patients with metabolic syndrome is becoming more common. Liver resection is appropriate but carries a high risk, even in the absence of severe fibrosis. Favourable long-term outcomes justify refinements in the perioperative management of these patients.
Minimal-access colorectal surgery is associated with fewer adhesion-related admissions than open surgery
Authors: Burns E M , Currie A , Bottle A , Aylin P , Darzi A , Faiz O 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to describe national intermediate-term admission rates for incisional hernia or clinically apparent adhesions following colorectal surgery, and to compare rates following laparoscopic and open approaches.

Methods
Patients undergoing primary colorectal resection between 2002 and 2008 were included from the Hospital Episode Statistics database. Subsequent inpatient admissions were extracted for up to 3 years after the initial operation or to the end of the study period. Outcomes examined were admissions with a diagnosis of, or operative interventions for, incisional hernia or adhesions.

Results
A total of 187 148 patients were included between 2002 and 2008, with median follow-up of 31·8 (interquartile range 13·1–35·3) months. Some 8885 (4·7 per cent) of these patients were admitted with a diagnosis of, or underwent a repair of, an incisional hernia. In multiple regression analysis, use of laparoscopy was not a predictor of operative intervention for incisional hernia (odds ratio 1·09, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·99 to 1·21; P = 0·083). Some 15 125 (8·1 per cent) of the patients were admitted with a diagnosis of adhesions or had a procedure for division of adhesions. Overall, 3·5 per cent (6637 of 187 148) of patients underwent adhesiolysis. Patients selected for a laparoscopic procedure had lower rates of admission for adhesions (6·3 per cent (692 of 11 013) for laparoscopic versus 8·2 per cent (14 433 of 176 135) for open surgery; P &lt; 0·001) and reintervention for adhesions (2·8 per cent (305 of 11 013) versus 3·6 per cent (6325 of 176 135) respectively; P &lt; 0·001) than those undergoing an open procedure. In multiple regression analysis, patients selected for a laparoscopic procedure had lower subsequent intervention rates for adhesions (odds ratio 0·80, 95 per cent c.i. 0·71 to 0·90; P &lt; 0·001).

Discussion
Patients undergoing colorectal resection who are selected for the laparoscopic approach have a lower risk of developing clinically significant adhesions.
Impact of postoperative morbidity on long-term survival after oesophagectomy
Authors: Hii M W , Smithers B M , Gotley D C , Thomas J M , Thomson I , Martin I , Barbour A P 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Oesophageal malignancy is a disease with a poor prognosis. Oesophagectomy is the mainstay of curative treatment but associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Although mortality rates have improved, the incidence of perioperative morbidity remains high. This study assessed the impact of postoperative morbidity on long-term outcomes.

Methods
A prospective database was designed for patients undergoing oesophagectomy for malignancy from 1998 to 2011. An observational cohort study was performed with these data, assessing intraoperative technical complications, postoperative morbidity and effects on overall survival.

Results
Some 618 patients were included, with a median follow-up of 51 months for survivors. The overall complication rate was 64·6 per cent (399 of 618), with technical complications in 124 patients (20·1 per cent) and medical complications in 339 (54·9 per cent). Technical complications were associated with longer duration of surgery (308 min versus 293 min in those with no technical complications; P = 0·017), greater operative blood loss (448 versus 389 ml respectively; P = 0·035) and longer length of stay (22 versus 13 days; P &lt; 0·001). Medical complications were associated with greater intraoperative blood loss (418 ml versus 380 ml in those with no medical complications; P = 0·013) and greater length of stay (16 versus 12 days respectively; P &lt; 0·001). Median overall and disease-free survival were 41 and 43 months. After controlling for age, tumour stage, resection margin, length of tumour, adjuvant therapy, procedure type and co-morbidities, there was no effect of postoperative complications on disease-specific survival.

Conclusion
Technical and medical complications following oesophagectomy were associated with greater intraoperative blood loss and a longer duration of inpatient stay, but did not predict disease-specific survival.
Impact of a multidisciplinary standardized clinical pathway on perioperative outcomes in patients with oesophageal cancer
Authors: Preston S R , Markar S R , Baker C R , Soon Y , Singh S , Low D E 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Defined clinical pathways can contribute to improved outcomes in patients undergoing oesophageal cancer surgery. A standardized oesophagectomy clinical pathway (SOCP) established at the Virginia Mason Medical Center (VMMC) in Seattle, Washington, USA was introduced into the Royal Surrey County Hospital (RSCH), Guildford, UK in 2011. The aim of this study was to see whether transfer and implementation of an oesophagectomy care pathway could change postoperative outcomes significantly.

Methods
Three consecutively accrued study groups were examined at the RSCH: patients operated on immediately before the introduction of the SOCP (group 1), patients operated on after the introduction of the SOCP but not included in the pathway (group 2), and patients managed according to the SOCP (group 3). Outcomes were compared with those of patients who had surgery at the VMMC between 2009 and 2011 using the SOCP (group 4).

Results
There were 12 patients in each of the first three groups and 74 in group 4. All groups were similar with respect to body mass index, medical co-morbidities and clinical stage. The median age of patients in group 3 was significantly lower than that in group 1, and median American Society of Anesthesiologists score was significantly better in group 3 compared with group 4. Following initiation of the SOCP there was an increase in immediate extubation (8 of 12 in group 1 versus 12 of 12 in group 3) and first-day mobilization (1 of 12 versus 12 of 12 respectively), and a reduction in complications (9 of 12 versus 4 of 12), length of critical care stay (4 (range 2–20) days in group 1 versus 3 (1–5) days in group 3) and length of hospital stay (17 (12–30) to 7 (6–37) days respectively). Patients not on the pathway but who had surgery during the same interval experienced small but non-significant improvements in length of critical care and hospital stay, and in first-day mobilization.

Conclusion
The study demonstrated improvement in short-term outcomes after oesophagectomy following the adoption of an established multidisciplinary standardized postoperative pathway.
Discharge Against Medical Advice (DAMA) Forms – A Damaging Document
Authors: Stanton Alan , Powell Robin 
Published: November 2012

Key Practitioner Messages:

Discharge Against Medical Advice (DAMA) forms are sometimes used when parents wish their children to be discharged against medical advice.
We argue that there is no place for their use in the care of children; their use may amount to collusion with medical neglect, protecting neither child nor practitioner.
Child safeguarding teams within healthcare provider organisations should ensure that DAMA forms are not used with respect to children.
Twenty‐First Century Party People: Young People and Sexual Exploitation in the New Millennium
Authors: Melrose Margaret 
Published: November 2012

This article reviews existing evidence and debates in relation to young people and sexual exploitation in the light of new empirical evidence generated through primary research. This research explored the types of sexual exploitation that practitioners had worked with in the preceding year and Local Safeguarding Children Boards’ responses to young people's sexual exploitation. The findings indicate that there may be several models of sexual exploitation operating simultaneously in any particular area, and the article therefore suggests that the discourse on young people's sexual exploitation that has dominated policy and practice for more than a decade in the UK requires reconsideration to account for the complex forms of sexual exploitation young people experience in the 21st century. The paper suggests that, in order to provide young people with the most appropriate support, practice responses need to be developed from the concrete conditions in which young people are subject to sexual exploitation, rather than applying abstract ‘models’ that fail to capture the lived experience of the young people concerned. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘There may be several modes of sexual exploitation operating simultaneously’Key Practitioner MessagesThere is confusion in relation to identifying child sexual exploitation.Several models of child sexual exploitation may be operating simultaneously in any one place and at any one time.Practitioners need to account for the agency and decision‐making process of young people when working with those who are sexually exploited.‘There is confusion in relation to identifying child sexual exploitation’
Homicidal behaviour among people with avoidant, dependent and obsessive–compulsive (cluster C) personality disorder
Authors: Laajasalo Taina , Ylipekka Mikko , Häkkänen‐Nyholm Helinä 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite a growing forensic psychiatry literature, no previous study has examined in detail homicidal behaviour among offenders with cluster C personality disorders – the avoidant, dependent or obsessional personality disorders.AimsThis study aims to compare homicide offenders with cluster C personality disorders with those with other personality disorders on criminal history, offender–victim relationship and post‐offence reaction variables.MethodsThe sample was drawn from all Finnish homicide cases of 1996–2004 for whom a forensic psychiatric evaluation had been conducted. Data were extracted from forensic psychiatric and crime reports.ResultsIn a nationwide sample of 593 homicide offenders, 21 had at least one cluster C personality disorder. These offenders had significantly shorter criminal histories than the others. Offender–victim relationship did not differ between the groups, but confession to the crime and feelings of remorse were more common among people with cluster C disorders. In addition, compared with other personality disorder clusters, co‐morbid depression was more common.ConclusionsCluster C personality disorders are rare, but not nonexistent, among homicide offenders. Observed differences in their backgrounds and post‐offence behaviours indicate that they may have special needs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soluble and Supported Molecular CoIII Catalysts for the Regioselective Ring‐Opening of 1,2‐Epoxyhexane with Methanol
Authors: Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan , Feng Yan , Arrowood Tina , Nickias Peter , Jones Christopher W. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe regioselective ring‐opening of 1,2‐epoxyhexane with methanol as a nucleophile is studied using an array of different molecular CoIII catalysts, specifically trans‐CoIII‐salen‐X (1‐X; X=Cl−, OTs−, BF4−, SbF6−, PF6−), cis/trans‐CoIII‐salen‐SbF6, CoIII‐salphen‐SbF6, and CoIII‐porphyrin‐SbF6. Catalytic studies show the nature of the ligand and counterion both play a significant role in influencing reaction rates, and to a lesser extent, the regioselectivity of the ring‐opening reaction, with CoIII‐porphyrin‐SbF6 as the most active and CoIII‐salphen‐SbF6 the least active soluble molecular catalysts. Unlike in the classical epoxide hydrolytic kinetic resolution reaction, non‐coordinating, non‐nucleophilic counterions proved most effective, and trans‐CoIII‐salen‐Cl, which gives very high initial rates in hydrolytic kinetic resolution, shows very low activity in epoxide ring‐opening with methanol. Supported soluble and insoluble unsymmetrical trans‐CoIII‐salen‐X catalysts are, thus, synthesized to evaluate cooperativity and stability of the CoIII‐salen species towards epoxide ring‐opening with methanol. Soluble supported trans‐CoIII‐salen‐X (X=SbF6 and OTs) shows better activity and selectivity in the title reaction than monomeric trans‐CoIII‐salen‐SbF6 catalyst because of the cooperativity introduced through the catalyst design. The stability of insoluble catalysts is evaluated by catalytic recycling experiments. The supported insoluble catalysts successfully are recovered and reused up to 5 times, showing reduced activity but unchanged selectivity after each cycle. Deactivation is attributed to several different causes based on elemental analysis and UV/Vis spectroscopic analysis of the used catalysts, with counterion and cobalt loss playing major roles.