bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winning Hearts and Minds: The Role of Emotion and Logic in the Business Case for Sustainable Building Initiatives
Authors: Healey Gerard 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This study examines the role of emotion and logic in the business case for sustainable building initiatives. Existing literature on the business case for design of buildings is disjointed. It tends to focus either on financial performance and associated arguments, or intangibles such as reputation.
While the literature is not as polarized as this simplification, it does fail to provide a coherent framework for designers and project sponsors to understand how sustainable design initiatives end up being in building projects. Furthermore, it fails to acknowledge a range of decision-making biases that researchers have found to occur in a wide variety of contexts. These factors may be leading to missed opportunities for stakeholders to make better design proposals.
This article draws on a range of literature including behavioural economics, judgment and decision-making, green buildings and sustainability communication, as well as my own experiences as an engineer and sustainable building practitioner of over ten years, to suggest approaches that designers and project sponsors might take. It then uses a framework of sustainability routes into projects to show how the approaches might be applied in different contexts.
This article is an attempt to crystallize and better inform my own approach to selling sustainability in buildings; as such it is part research agenda and part anecdotal experience. This reflects the nature of my practice in buildings, where each project tends to be its own prototype, and knowledge is built up progressively, project to project. The hope is that the article will seed ideas and encourage a learning-by-doing approach by designers and project sponsors.
Armed with this information, project sponsors and designers might better understand the interrelated role of emotion and logic in sustainable design, and be able to identify opportunities for more sustainable building, benefiting both business and the planet.
Gamification in Concept Design: Applying Market Mechanisms to Enhance Innovation and Predict Concept Performance
Authors: Petersen Søren Ingomar , Ryu Hokyoung Blake 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Predicting the success of a potential breakthrough innovative business opportunity in New Product Development (NPD) is notoriously difficult and is synonymous with high market and technology risk. As a consequence, NPD organizations favour concurrent exploration of multiple concepts where the most promising concepts are evaluated and selected at each stage-gate. The two challenges associated with this approach are ensuring a sufficiently wide exploration of the market–technology space, followed by assessing the potential of breakthrough innovations. Individual designers usually conduct early exploration independently or within design teams, applying an organic and analogous search approach. In contrast, the project team members collectively make decisions for early design concept selection, applying a non-analytical and unstructured decision-making process. The combination of grounded exploratory study and hypothesis-driven study examines the use of gamification and, in particular, how gamification can assist in promoting the exploration of breakthrough innovative concepts in the early design concept phase, combined with concurrent and early identification of the most promising candidates.
Studies conducted consisted of a pilot study at Copenhagen Business School where we identified migration of risk in the business phase and two other studies conducted in the Design Technology and Innovation Management project courses at Hanyang University in Seoul, South Korea. The last two studies were a baseline study and an experimentation study, where we observed and collected teams’ market and technology risk-preferences, teams’ and external panel’s grading as well as Design Quality Criteria scoring. In the second study, we established the baseline for risk-­preference migration and in the third study we implemented eight weeks of gamification, applying the Prediction Market approach.
The findings showed that gamification promotes extended risk-taking, can assess team-confidence and decision-making ability and acts as an early indicator of the performance of the final concepts. Suggestions for future studies include testing of gamification on industry projects and making it operational by adapting the approach to the NPD culture, organizational structures and project decision-making processes.
Evaluation von automatisch erzeugten OCR-Daten am Beispiel der Allgemeinen Zeitung
Authors: Wernersson Maria 
Published: April 2015

Zusammenfassung
Im Jahr 2014 wurde eine Schätzung der OCR-Genauigkeit von 11 354 digitalisierten Seiten aus der Allgemeinen Zeitung [Allgemeine Zeitung: Herausgegeben in Augsburg (1807–1882), München (1882–1929).] durchgeführt. Die getesteten Zeitungsbände stammen aus dem Zeitraum 1871–1921. Um die Genauigkeit zu schätzen, wurden Regeln für die Bewertung der Fehler aufgestellt, Textstichproben automatisch per Skript erstellt und die Stichproben manuell ausgewertet.
Mit einer geschätzten Zeichengenauigkeit zwischen 94,70 Prozent und 97,65 Prozent (Konfidenzzahl: 95 Prozent) [Mit der (berechneten) Anzahl der Zeichen im Scan als Grundmenge. Siehe auch: „Problemstellung: Zeichen-Grundmenge aus dem Scan oder aus der OCR?“ in Abschnitt 3.4 und die Bemerkung dazu in Abschnitt 5.1.] wurde ein gutes, zufriedenstellendes Resultat erreicht. Außer der Zeichengenauigkeit wurde auch die Erkennung des Leseflusses und des Formats geprüft.
Bei der Evaluierung von OCR-Genauigkeit gilt es viele Faktoren zu beachten. Dies trifft vor allem auf den späteren Vergleich verschiedener Evaluierungen zu, weil Faktoren wie Fehlerklassifikation und Zweck der Digitalisierung variieren können.
Impact of Environmental Contaminants on Breast Cancer / Wpływ Zanieczyszczenia Środowiska Na Raka Piersi
Authors: Kráľová Katarína , Jampílek Josef 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. It is believed that among the causes of breast cancer, hereditary factors account for only 5-10% of risk and the environmental exposures to environmental contaminants account for an additional 30-50% of risk. This paper summarizes findings related to the risk of breast cancer due to exposure to following environmental contaminants: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins, organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorous pesticides, bisphenol A, phthalates, parabens, organic solvents, atmospheric pollutants, alkylphenols, metals, ionizing radiation, electromagnetic field and light pollution. Results obtained in in vitro experiments with breast cancer cell lines and in vivo with model rodents as well as in population based case-control studies are presented and the mode of action of individual environmental contaminants on mammary gland is discussed. Attention is also devoted to the effects of the timing of exposure to environmental contaminants (mainly exposition during development of the mammary gland) on breast cancer risk. Outcomes of professional exposure to some environmental contaminants on breast cancer risk are analysed as well
Influence of Ph on Adsorption Kinetics of Monochlorophenols From Aqueous Solutions on Granular Activated Carbon / Wpływ Ph Na Kinetykę Adsorpcji Monochlorofenoli Z Roztworów Wodnych Na Granulowanym Węglu Aktywnym
Authors: Kuśmierek Krzysztof , Świątkowski Andrzej 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Adsorptive removal of 2-, 3- and 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions by granular activated carbon was studied. The influence of different experimental parameters like initial concentration, carbon dosage and pH on the adsorption of monochlorophenols were evaluated. The influence of type of acid and base used for water acidification or alkalization was also tested. The results indicate that acidic pH is favorable for the adsorption of chlorophenols; however the type of acid or alkali used for the change of pH has a little influence and did not significantly affect the adsorption efficiency. The pH played an important role in the adsorption kinetics of chlorophenols at pH values above the pKa values of the compounds, while little influence on adsorption rate was observed if pH was decreased below the pKa values
Metals Uptake by Wastewater Irrigated Vegetables and their Daily Dietary Intake in Peshawar, Pakistan / Pobieranie Metali Przez Warzywa Nawadniane Ściekami I Ich Dzienne Stężenie W Diecie Ludności Peszawaru, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Sher Ali , Liu Xiaoyu , Shah Bakht Ramin , Fan Wenting , Li Hong , Khan Sher Bahadhar , Ahmad Zahoor 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Vegetables are important source of nutrients for human body. Wastewater irrigation may lead to contamination of these vegetables and cause possible health risk. In the present study impact of waste water irrigation on metals uptake (Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Zn, Cd, Cr and Pb) by five commonly consumed vegetables (radish, cabbage, lettuce, cauliflower and spinach) grown in the suburbs of Peshawar were investigated using AAS (Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer). The uptake and accumulation of metals for vegetables irrigated with wastewater were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than tube well irrigated vegetables and permissible limits of WHO/FAO. Among the edible parts of vegetables maximum accumulation of Mn, Pb and Cd occurred in radish followed by Ni and Fe in spinach while Cr and Zn were high in cauliflower and cabbage. The estimated daily intake of metals (DIM) revealed that at present the consumption of studied vegetables were under the tolerable limits of (US-EPA, IRIS), however intake of metals in waste water irrigated vegetables were significantly high and can cause health hazards in the long run
Application of the Boundary Element Method for the Simulation of Two-dimensional Viscous Incompressible Flow
Authors: Prybytak Dzmitry 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the application of an indirect variant of the boundary element method (BEM) to solve the two-dimensional steady flow of a Stokes liquid. In the BEM, a system of differential equations is transformed into integral equations. This makes it possible to limit discretization to the border of the solution. Numerical discretization of the computational domain was performed with linear boundary elements, for which a constant value of unknown functions was assumed. The verification was carried out for the case of flow in a square cavity with one moving wall. The results obtained show that the use of approximations by simple linear functions is relatively easy for different shapes of the area, but the result may be affected by significant errors.
Outlet Flow Velocity in Circular Culvert
Authors: Szpakowski Wojciech 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The outlet flow velocity in the end section of the culvert barrel depends in most cases on the culvert geometry, including the barrel slope, as well as on upstream and downstream channel parameters. Flowing water can create pressure flow or free surface flow in the culvert barrel. In the case of an unsubmerged barrel outlet, the free-surface flow is more frequent than the full flow. Increased velocities can cause channel bed scour and bank erosion downstream of the culvert outlet. Different culvert flow cases in which the barrel outlet is unsubmerged are presented in this paper. The influence of the flow regime on the outlet velocity is also discussed.
Changes of nematode community under monoculture wheat and wheat/jujube intercropping system in Xinjiang, Northwest China
Authors: Liu Y. B. , Zhang L. L. , Liu Q. Z. 
Published: April 2015

Summary
Nematode communities in the soils of wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) rhizosphere grown alone and grown in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) orchard were investigated for three years in Hetian arid area, Xingjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwest of China. The results showed that eu-dominant families were Rhabditidae, Cephalobidae and Aphelenchidae among 15 families and 19 genera. Nematode abundance in wheat rhizosphere soil was smaller in wheat/jujube intercropping system, mainly because of lower numbers of bacterial feeders and fungal feeders. Besides, the nematode numbers of cp-1 and cp-2 (cp, colonizer-persister) guilds were significantly lower in wheat/jujube intercropping system than that in monoculture wheat system, due to the markedly lower numbers of Rhabditidae and Cephalobidae, although those of cp-3 and cp-4 guilds had no significant differences between monoculture and intercropping systems. Shannon-Weaver index (H’), genus dominance index (Ig) and structural index (SI), represented soil food web diversity and structure, had no differences between monoculture and intercropping systems. Significantly lower values of Wasilewska index (WI) and PPI/MI in monoculture wheat than in intercropping system. It was concluded that the soil status in monoculture wheat system exhibited better soil ecosystem in compared with wheat/ jujube intercropping system.
Cyathostominae distribution in experimentally infected ponies
Authors: Scháňková Š. , Maršálek M. , Wagnerová P. , Langrová I. , Starostová L. , Stupka R. , Navrátil J. , Brožová A. , Kudrnáčová M. , Jankovská I. , Vadlejch J. , Čadková Z. 
Published: April 2015

Summary
Nine ponies were experimentally infected with third stage cyathostome larvae. These animals were examined post-mortem for small strongyle infections from October 2011 to January 2012. Seventeen species of the following Cyathostominae genera were identified: Coronocyclus, Cyathostomum, Cylicocyclus, Cylicostephanus, Gyalocephalus and Petrovinema. Of the 17 species of Cyathostominae recovered, Cyathostomum catinatum, Cyathostomum alveatum and Cylicocyclus nassatus were the most prevalent (100 %). From the entire population of Cyathostominae, 65.6 % were located in the caecum and only 34.4 % in the colon. Only 1,736 (24,6 %) females and 5,329 (75,4 %) males were observed. There was a significant difference between the number of males and females in the genus Cyathostomum, Cylicocyclus and Gyalocephalus.
Does the anaesthetic infl uence behavioural transmission of the monogenean Gyrodactylus gasterostei Gläser, 1974 off the host?
Authors: Grano-Maldonado M. I. , Palaiokostas C. 
Published: April 2015

Summary
The aim of this study was to investigate the use of the anaesthetic 2-phenoxyethanol on the transmission factors of gyrodactylid and to ascertain how this may affect in the colonisation of new hosts using the Gyrodactylus gasterostei Gläser, 1974 - Gasterosteus aculeatus L. model which is a simple and successful system to examine aspects of transmission of parasites from live and dead fish. Laboratory experiments include determining the maturity (presence of male copulate organ) and reproductive (presence of daughter) status of transmitting worms, in order to consider the factors that influence parasite option to migrate to a new individual of the same host species. This study demonstrates that parasites with a Male Copulate Organ (MCO) present are more likely to abandon the host and attempt a host transfer. The use of the anaesthetic 2-phenoxyethanol does not affect transmission of gyrodactylids which leave the host to colonise a new host. Finally, the use of other anaesthetic although its relative importance with respect to transmission remains uncertain.
Analysis of accumulation of cadmium in seeds of selected breeding linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes cultivated for medicinal purposes
Authors: Praczyk Marcin , Heller Krzysztof , Silska Grażyna , Baraniecki Przemysław 
Published: April 2015

Summary
The objective of the study was genetic and breeding screening of selected varieties and hybrids of oil flax for in-seed cadmium fixing ability. Seven parental varieties as well as nineteen F1 and F2 hybrids were analyzed. The varieties were crossed in di-allelic scheme, according to the Griffing method II. Significant differences were found in the activity of fixing cadmium from the soil between analysed flax parental forms and hybrids. High variability of tested genotypes, calculated by the variance coefficient, was observed in F1 generation. The variability of tested genotypes in the F2 generation was two times lower. The analysis of general combining ability (GCA) showed that Chinese cultivar Shanxi reduced significantly the fixing cadmium from the soil in combinations of F1 generation crossing. However, the effects of the specific combining ability (SCA) of tested hybrids to reduce the cadmium content in seeds were statistically insignificant. The analysis of genetic components variance showed no significance both in domination and cumulative genes which suggests a complex inheritance pattern of the tested trait.
The antimicrobial activity of Prunella vulgaris extracts
Authors: Mahboubi Mohaddese , Mahboubi Atefeh , Kazempour Nastaran 
Published: April 2015

Summary
Prunella vulgaris ( Labiatae family) or self-heal is traditionally used for different ailments such as eye pain and inflammation, headache, dizziness, sore throat and wound healing. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of extracts (methanol, ethanol and aqueous) were determined by a spectrophotometer. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by micro broth dilution assay. The total phenolic content of P. vulgaris extracts were higher in aqueous extract (156.5 mg GAC/g) followed by ethanol extract and methanol extract. The TFC content of P. vulgaris methanol extract (82.8 mg QE/g) was higher than ethanol extract (22.7 mg QE/g) and aqueous extract (16.2 mg QE/g). The antimicrobial activity of methanol or ethanol extracts was higher than aqueous extract from P. vulgaris. The sensitivity of microorganisms to different extracts is related to type of pathogens. There is no positive relation between total phenolic content and its antimicrobial activity. Prunella vulgaris ethanolic extract as a source of phenolic and flavonoid contents can be used as an antimicrobial agent.
Norms and Creativity: Tensions Between the Status Quo and Innovation in Quality Standards for Public Service Interpreting in the United Kingdom
Authors: Townsley Brooke 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This article will examine the validity of existing assessment procedures in the UK and compare and contrast these models with other possible assessment and accreditation models. It will also examine the possibilities for quality assessment (QA) procedures offered by the use of digital technologies. Implicit in this descriptive and analytical process will be an examination of the linkages between these models of assessment and the opportunity for professional registration.
Issues addressed in this article will be: the status quo in the assessment and registration of interpreters and translators for the public sector in the UK; the impact of new social, political and economic realities on the existing assessment and registration regime; the opportunities and/or threats to quality norms represented by online digital technologies.
The material will be of particular interest to: end users of interpreter and translator services in the public sector; interpreting and translation test developers and QA procedure designers; interpreting and translating practitioners, in-service and aspiring
Prevention of alcohol and drug misuse in adolescents: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Emmers Elke , Bekkering Geertruida Elsiena , Hannes Karin 
Published: April 2015

Background – Systematic reviews have evaluated a wide variety of programmes aiming to prevent, reduce or delay substance use in adolescents. This paper presents an overview of recent systematic reviews, summarising the evidence on the effectiveness of prevention strategies which target adolescents misusing alcohol and/or drugs. Methods – We performed a comprehensive search in major electronic databases, consulted websites and checked reference lists of relevant articles. Studies that met our inclusion criteria were critically appraised using the AMSTAR instrument. The findings from the included systematic reviews were synthesised using a vote counting procedure. Results – Twenty-one systematic reviews were identified. Ten of these were rated as of high quality. There was little overlap between reviews in terms of the target group, intervention, setting and outcome measures. The components or mechanisms of the prevention programmes were poorly described. Ten reviews evaluated school-based prevention. The effects of these prevention programmes are promising, while effects of community-based, family-based and multi-faceted programmes were less convincing. Conclusion – Based on the current evidence, there is a small but consistent positive effect of school-based prevention programmes, but it is less clear what the “active ingredient” is. For example, which group should one target, in which setting and in which circumstances? A set of standardised process and outcome measures would allow us to better compare and statistically pool the results of original studies and reviews. This overview of reviews, like similar other overviews, should encourage researchers to increase uniformity and consistency between studies. This would improve the comparability of evidence, which is needed to formulate valid recommendations for practice.
Social work assessment of underage alcohol consumption: Non-specialised social services comparison between Sweden and Italy
Authors: Guidi Paolo , Di Placido Matteo 
Published: April 2015

Aim This research contributes to highlighting social work assessment of family situations with underage alcohol consumption and abuse. The comparative study invites reflection on the main features influencing an initial approach to adolescent problematic alcohol consumption outside specialised addiction services. Design – The study is based on a cross-national comparison. A questionnaire including a vignette story of a young girl (“Nadja”) and her family was submitted to thirty-five social workers employed in public social services in Stockholm, Malmö (Sweden), and Genoa (Italy). The participants were then invited to focus groups to discuss the main features that had emerged in the assessments. Results – Results show significant variations between Italian and Swedish social workers' assessments. Italian social workers are in general more concerned and interventionist than are their Swedish colleagues. Swedish social workers tend to intervene less, assuming that Nadja's consumption is “normal” teenage behaviour, while the Italian social workers, less accustomed to considering such behaviour as common, are more worried and prone to intervene immediately, in particular when Nadja is found drunk in the city centre. Conclusion The assessment proposed by public social workers appears to be informed by cultural understandings of alcohol consumption which permeate and reveal predominant tendencies in the two groups of professionals. Moreover, in Italy the social service mandate appears to be fragmented among different service units, whereas Swedish social workers operate within a broad welfare system that allocates specific resources for adolescent alcohol consumers. Further elements influencing the assessment are found in the legislative framework and consequently in the different practices and perspectives of intervention social workers assume in Sweden and Italy.
Dark and Deathless rabble of Long Shadows: Peake, Dickens, Tolkien, and ‘this dark hive called London’
Authors: Elber -Aviram Hadas 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Examines Dickens's influence on Mervyn Peake, taking in their respective writing styles, artistic convictions, thematic explorations of class, and representations of the city. Uses J.R.R.Tolkien to tease out affiliations between Peake and Dickens by way of contrast with a third figure. Suggests that Peake forged a vital link between Dickensian fiction and a new generation of urban fantasy authors.