bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lipid Profile and Liver Enzymes by Adding Spirulina Platensis to Feed with Different Levels of Protein in Local Male Sheep
Authors: Yas Khudair Ali Abd Al-Hamza , Alwan Hamad Aslam Saud 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was carried out in the animal field of the College of Veterinary Medicine at Tikrit University, and continued for 90 days from 10/2/2022 to 12/31/2022, using two levels of spirulina platensis (SP), 8 and 12%, to raise the value of the diet with low protein (LP) content, as well as reducing the harmful effect of high protein (HP) on the other hand in lamb diets and to investigate the effect of two levels using some lipid profile and liver enzymes in the blood of Iraqi lambs. 24 local lambs were used, purchased from the markets of Saladin Governorate - Iraq, and their ages ranged between 3 and 4 months, with an average starting weight of 20.5 ± 0.9 kg, by randomly distributing them into 6 treatments / 4 lambs for each treatment. As follows: The first treatment was HP (control 1). The second treatment was HP + 8 g SP/1 kg concentrated feed. The third treatment was HP + 12 g SP/1 kg concentrated feed. The fourth treatment was LP (control 2) and the fifth treatment was LP + 8 g SP/1 kg feed. Concentrate and the sixth treatment, LP + 12 g SP/1 kg concentrated feed. The results of the study indicated that adding HP to the diet significantly (P<0.05) affected the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) on day 45, while on day 90 it affected the level of cholesterol (CHOL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Adding LP also led to a significant (P<0.05) effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels on day 90 of the experiment. The interaction between HP and SP at a level of 12 g showed significant (P<0.05) differences in the levels of CHOL, triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and AST on day 45, while on day 90 only CHOL and LDL had an effect. Supplementing both LP and 8g SP helped with the effects on HDL at day 90.
Evaluating the Effect of Using Different Methods to Adding Zeolite to Poultry Farms and Its Effect on Broiler Performance Ross 308
Authors: Hussein Aulla N. , Areaaer Ammar H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted in poultry farm of the Department of Animal Production - College of Agriculture - University of Kufa for the period 9/11/2023 to 15/12/2023 for a period of 5 weeks. The study aims to evaluate of used different methods of adding zeolite on some productivity characteristics of broilers during winter. 300 unsexed, hybrid broiler chicks Ross 308 were randomly distributed into five treatments (each treatment included 60 chicks, with 3 replicates, and each replicate included 20 birds). The chicks were fed three starter diets, grower diet and finisher diet. The treatments were as follows: Control T0 (without addition), T1, T2 adding zeolite by ⅓ and ⅔ of the litter weight respectively, T3, T4 adding zeolite as filter method (Handled) by ⅓ and ⅔ of the litter weight respectively. The results indicated that: there was a significant superiority (p≤0.05) for T3 and T4 as compared to control group in marketing body weight and total weight gain. There were no significant differences in total feed consumption between all experimental treatments, while there was a significant improvement in cumulative feed conversion ratio for experimental treatments compared to control. It can conclude that adding zeolite used as filter significantly increased live body weight and total weight gain of broiler and improved most of the productive characters compared to adding zeolite with the litter and control group.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles to Tris Extender on Some Parameters of Cooled Semen from Holstein Bulls
Authors: Al-Janabi Ghadeer Ali , Al-Dulaimi Makki Khalaf , Fadhel Alaa Abbas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The study was conducted at the Artificial Insemination Center / Abu Ghraib / in Baghdad province for the period from September 2023 to January 2024. This experiment used 2 bulls trained to collect semen using an artificial vagina, with ages ranging from (2.5-5) years and with a body weight ranging between 350 - 500 (kg). One milliliter of each ejaculate was taken to collect the semen to eliminate individual differences between the bulls, to study the effect of adding different levels of Cerium oxide nanoparticles, The necessary tests were performed to evaluate the semen after cooling the percentage of live and dead sperm, the percentage of individual motility We conclude from this study that there is a highly significant difference in favor of the second treatment, which was by adding Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles extender to the semen (Tris) at a level of 75 μg.m1−1.
Evaluation of Thiamine, Pyridoxine and Cobalamin as an Additive to Diluted Goats Semen at Cooling
Authors: Atiyah Safaa Sabbar , Neamah Hasanain Jihad , Hassan Ahmed Abbas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was done in the Animal Field, Department of Animal Production Techniques, Technical Institute of Kufa, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, to evaluate the effect of adding vitamins (thiamine, pyridoxine, and cobalamin) to improve some goat semen diluent characteristics post-cooling. Five young male goats were used in this study, the experiment was divided into four groups, T1 (control), T2: thiamine (150 microgram (µg)/ 1 ml, T3: Pyridoxine 150 µg/1 ml and T4: Cobalamin (150 µg/1 ml). As the semen was collected and divided into four experimental treatments. The semen was stored for 24, 72 and 120 hours (hr.) at 5 ºC. The study recorded a highly significant rise in sperm motility percentage at 24 hr. by adding 150 µg thiamine, pyridoxine, and cobalamin compared with the T1 (control group) which noticed a high significant reduce during different times of cooling storage. The highest motility recorded after 120 hr. was noticed in group T2 (71.333±1.740) and T3 (70.499±2.027) followed by group T4 (67.833±2.185) than group T1 (control) (62.499±2.185). Non-significant effect of sperm abnormalities after 24 hr. between thiamine, pyridoxine, and cobalamin compared to the control group (T1), however, highly significant differences were shown after 72 hr. of cooling, the group T2 (thiamine) noticed highly significant abnormalities decrease at 72 hr. by 11.200+1.588 and non-significant variations were shown between T1, T3 (Pyridoxine) and T4 (Cobalamin). The results showed a significant decrease in the dead sperm percentage by adding thiamine, pyridoxine, and cobalamin to diluted goat semen after 24 and 72 hr. at cooling compared with the control group which were 18.833 ± 1.201 (T2), 22.167 ± 1.453 (T3), 22.000 ± 1.607 (T4) and 26.500 ± 1.527 (T1 control) for 24 hr. and 21.833 ± 1.443 (T2), 24.833 ± 1.166 (T3), 25.333 ± 2.309 (T4) and 29.500 ± 0.881 (T1 control) for 72 hr. respectively, while no significant differences observed among thiamine, pyridoxine, and cobalamin groups for first and second periods of cooling. After 24 hr., adding thiamine (T2) and cobalamin (T4) observed significantly increasing a high in host % by 76.333±1.453 and 76.167±1.453 respectively against the control group (72.000±0.763). Non-significant variations were noticed among thiamine (T2), and cobalamin (T4) for all periods of cooling. It could be concluded that adding the vitamins Thiamine, Pyridoxine, and Cobalamin at cooling periods have a positive role in enhancing the characteristics of cooled goat semen.
Evaluation of Using Different Ratios of Pronchi-Stop as Commercial Compound with Extract of Eucalyptus Oil on Blood Characteristics of Broiler Ross 308
Authors: Lafta Marwa Th. , Areaaer Ammar H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted in the poultry farm - Department of Animal Production - College of Agriculture - University of Kufa from 9/11/2023 to 25/12/2023 for a period of 35 days. The study aims to evaluate of using of Eucalyptus oil extract with the commercial compound Pronchi-stop in drinking water to improve the blood characteristics of broiler. 300 unsexed, broiler chicks Ross 308 were randomly distributed into five treatments (each treatment included 60 chicks, with 3 replicates, and each replicate include 20 birds). The treatments were as follows: Control T1 (without addition), T2, T3 adding 0.5 or 1 ml of pronchi -stop /1 L of drinking water respectively, T4, T5 adding 0.5 or 1 ml of Eucalyptus oil extract/1 L of drinking water respectively. At marketing age, blood samples were collected from birds for each replicate to study the cellular blood characteristics (RBC, WBC, PCV, Hb) and biochemical blood characteristics (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin) in blood serum. The results indicated that: No significant differences in cellular and biochemical blood characteristics between all experimental treatments compare to control group, except in estimation of total protein concentration. A significant superiority (P≤0.05) for T2 and T5 over the control group, while no significant differences between T2, T3, T4, and T5.
Evaluating the Effect of Using Different Methods of Adding Zeolite in Poultry Farms and Its Effect on some Welfare Characters of Broiler Ross 308
Authors: Hussein Aulla N. , Areaaer Ammar H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted in poultry farm of the Department of Animal Production - College of Agriculture - University of Kufa for the period 9/11/2023 to 15/12/2023 for a period of 5 weeks. The study aims to evaluate of used different methods of adding zeolite on some welfare characters of broiler Ross 308 during winter. 300 unsexed, hybrid broiler chicks Ross 308 were randomly distributed into five treatments (each treatment included 60 chicks, with 3 replicates, and each replicate included 20 birds). The chicks were fed three starter diets, grower diet and finisher diet. The treatments were as follows: Control T0 (without addition), T1, T2 adding zeolite by ⅓ and ⅔ of the litter weight respectively, T3, T4 adding zeolite as filter method (Handled) by ⅓ and ⅔ of the litter weight respectively. The results indicated that: A significant improvement (p>0.05) in some welfare characters of broiler, when adding zeolite by reduced inflammation of feet soles and arthritis of hock joint, and significantly improved the cleanliness and quality of feathers compared to control treatment.
Hydrological Study of the Great Musaiyab Project Babylon Governorate in Middle of Iraq
Authors: Al-Zubaydi Jaffar H. , Al-Sultani Najlaa K. , Al-Amar Haider A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The research deals with the study of the hydrological properties of the water of the great Musaiyab. The chemical and physical properties of water showed that the electrical conductivity ranged between 1196-1250 μs/cm and the pH ranges between 6.44-7.46 with an average of 7.06, the TDS percentage ranged between720-914 ppm while the hardness values range between 420-576 ppm. The results cations and anions shows that the major them is calcium, sodium, bicarbonate and sulfate. As for the minor metals, the nitrate ranges between 16.484-22.265 ppm with an average of 18.515 ppm and the phosphate ranges between 1.371-12.360 ppm with an average of 8.049 ppm. The heavy elements, the lead Pb ranged between 3.3196-3.5644 ppm with an average of 3.469 ppm and the copper Cu ranges between 2.3760-2.5099 ppm with average 2.415 ppm, cadmium Cd ranges between 0.1087-0.2463 ppm with average 0,14 ppm, cobalt Co ranges between 2.0816-2.3192 ppm with average 2.195 ppm, zinc Zn ranges between 0.0116-0.2898 ppm with average 0.1249 ppm, while iron Fe ranges between 0.0-0.4780 ppm with average 0.1618 ppm maximum.
The Effect of Organic and Biofertilizers on Carbon and Nitrogen of Biomass in Soil Seasoned with Broccoli
Authors: Al-Khalidi Alyaa M. A. , Al-Taweel Luma S. J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this experiment is to examine the impact of organic fertilisers and biofertilizers on the carbon and nitrogen biomass during the blooming and full maturity stages in broccoli-planted soil. The experiment was conducted in a field in the Al-Nouriya district of Al-Diwaniyah Governorate in 2023, on a clay-silty soil mixture. The researchers used a Randomised Complete Blocked Design for the factorial experiment. (R.C.B.D) with three replicates. The first factor included the addition of biological fertilizers (Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria and Trichoderm harzianum fungi) which coded by (F, B) respectively, while the second factor is addition of organic fertilizer with one level (10 tons ha−1) (Yellow corn cobs, rice straw, and wheat waste) which coded (O1, O2, O3) respectively. The third factor included adding two levels of seaweed extract (20 and 40) kg ha−1, coded (A1 and A2) respectively, in addition to the comparison treatment. (Without adding fertilizer). During the maturity and blooming stages, the fertiliser combination (FO2) had the highest value of biomass carbon at 221.1 and 248.6 mg C kg soil−1, respectively, indicating that the additional fertilisers significantly affected biomass carbon and nitrogen. During the blooming stage, the nitrogen content of the soil reached 71.02 mg N kg−1, while at full maturity, it reached 91.47 mg N kg−1, all thanks to the fertiliser combination (BO2).
The Effect of Plant Extracts and Humic Acid on the Ammonium Content in the Soil and the Numbers of Nitrosomonas Bacteria in Soil Planted with Potatoes
Authors: Al-Khalidi Radphan J. H. , Al-Taweel Luma S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
An experiment was carried out according to the design of factorial experiments with a completely randomized block design (CRBD). The number of experimental treatments was (20), including the comparison treatment, with three replications. The first factor included the addition of plant extracts (garlic cloves, pomegranate peels and pulp, Eucalyptus and myrtle) at one level (4 ml kg−1 soil), which are symbolized by (P1, P2, P3, and P4), respectively. The second factor included adding urea fertilizer at two levels (50 and 100) kg N ha−1, symbolized by (U1 and U2), respectively, and the third factor included adding humic acid (H) at one level (80) kg ha−1, the results of the experiment showed that the added fertilizers significantly affected the ammonium content of the soil and the numbers of Nitrosomonas bacteria. In the flowering and full maturity stages, the combination of eucalyptus extract and the first level of urea fertilizer (P3U2) produced the highest average soil nutrient levels (36.54 and 33.95 mg kg−1 soil, respectively), compared to the comparison treatment (17.98 and 16.28 mg kg−1 soil, respectively). Additionally, in the U2 treatment, the average numbers of Nitrosomonas bacteria were highest, reaching (20.49 and 18.23)×105CFU g−1 dry soil in the two stages, respectively, compared to the comparison treatment (C), which had the lowest values (6.78 and 5.98) 105 cells g−1 dry soil, during the flowering and full maturity stages, respectively.
Effect of Decomposing Organic Waste on the Growth of Barley Plants Under Irrigation with Salt Water
Authors: Al-Maamori Haider A. , Khalaf Al-Shamary Salwa Hashim , Oudah Al-Shami Yahya Ajib 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to coexist with salinity by using water of different salinity in the presence of decomposed animal manure. Experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Station/Agricultural Research Office in Iraq to study different water types in the presence of increasing animal organic fertilizers. Nutrient preparation and barley plant growth and production. The experiment was conducted in the design (RCBD) The results showed the superiority of 35 t ha−1 of animal organic fertilizer as the nitrogen and phosphorus availability EC in the soil was 45.11, 25.68 mg kg−1, and 3.99 dS m−1. The 35 t ha−1 organic fertilizer treatment also had better characteristics (plant height, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield), (66.15 cm, 43.88 grains, 2.96 μg ha−1, and 10.99 μg ha−1) was given each. Comparison with control treatment. Irrigation water treatment resulted in a mixture of 3.3 dS m−1, which was higher than 6.5 dS m−1 for saline water treatment and lower than 1.4 dS m−1 for sweet water treatment. There were no significant differences in all the characteristics, and the values of (nitrogen and phosphorus availability, EC, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield, biological yield) were (36.89, 20.99 mg kg−1, 63.05 cm, and 38.58). cereals, 2.74 and 9.65 µg ha−1, respectively).
Breeding Two Species of Pleurotus spp. Fungi on Different Local Agricultural Wastes
Authors: Kalaf Hager Hamdi , Abed Idham Ali , Alkobaisy Jamal Salih 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Study was conducted in Desert Studies Center, Al-Anbar University on June, 2019, where two strains of Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus ostratus were bred. The first is from Egypt, Nutritional Fungi Lab, Cairo University and the second from Protection Department, College of Agriculture, Al-Anbar University. They were bred on medium potato dextrose agar (PDA) which is used as a inoculum source for other media. Dates seeds and wheat straw were used as carriers for fungal pollen production. Both strains were grown on local cultural wastes in two experiments: the first is in vivo to determine the effect of waste extracts (dates seeds, chimplan, sesbania and wheat straw) on the rate of fungal mycelium growth on a solid medium and the biomass formed on a liquid medium where the results of mycelial growth rate on solid medium showed the dominance of F1 strain significantly on strain F2 with growth rate of 6.825 cm, whereas the medium prepared of wheat straw and chimplan has dominated with highest significant mycelia growth rate of 6.717 and 6.693 cm successively. The second experiment is the productive for both strains and included three factors: (M) the medium type that included seven fusions, (T1) wheat straw + urea, (T2) wheat straw + 10% chimplan, (T3) wheat straw + 10% dates seeds, (T4) wheat straw + 10% sesbania, (T5) wheat straw + 5% chimplan + 5% dates seeds, (T6) wheat straw + 5% chimplan + 5% sesbania, (T7) wheat straw + 5% dates seeds + 5% sesbania. The second factor is the carrier type (S) which included using wheat grains (W) and dates seeds (D) and the third factor is both fungal strains (F), to test the mycelium growth on agricultural wastes as well as the carrier role. The fungal mycelium growth results for various types of local agricultural wastes stated that the least duration for fungal mycelium growth was 26 and 26.17 days with both media T4 and T5 successively, and the longest duration was with treatment T7 at rate 39.25 days. The strain F2 insignificantly exceeded the strain F1 with time rate 29.57 days, and the carrier W has insignificantly exceeded the carrier D with a time rate 29.88 days.
The Effect of Inoculation with Mycorrhizal and Azospirillum on the Growth and Yield of Strawberries Under Different Irrigation Levels
Authors: Mousa Sahar N. , Altai Salahaldeen H. M. , Khairo Awss M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The aim and objective of the current research are to assess the impact of Mycorrhizal and Azospirillum inoculation on growth and yield of strawberry crops under water stress. The experiment started on 1/9/2022 at College of Agriculture, Tikrit University and it was conducted using potted plants to evaluate the roles of Azospirillum bacteria and Glomus mycorrhizal fungus inoculation on strawberry growth, yield, and resistance to water stress in gypsum soil. Following a split-plot design with two replications, the study examined both primary and secondary effects, taking into account three factors: Azospirillum bacteria inoculation, mycorrhizal fungus, and irrigation, with six repetitions. Each strawberry plant was put into 5 kg pots filled with a soil mixture. Upon planting, irrigated water was bolstered with urea fertilizer (K 20%, P 20%, N 20%). After planting, irrigation was applied under predetermined treatments starting when each pot lost 50% of its initial water by weight. The mycorrhizal fungi inoculation resulted in a marked increase of the dry weight of the treated plants in comparison with the untreated ones. During the initial (initial stage) period, the dry weight increment was 56.71% at 40 days from transplanting, while at full (full maturity) 15.27% at 80 days. Furthermore, the introduction of Azospirillum bacteria demonstrated a noteworthy impact on enhancing dry weight, with a percentage increase of 13.36% at the first stage after 40 days and 9.68% at the full maturity stage after 80 days. The influence of mycorrhizae and Azospirillum bacteria had a noticeable effect on the plant height attribute. The increase in plant height was substantial at 35.51%, with the most favorable outcome observed in the inoculated treatment at an irrigation level of 75%, reaching 22.33. In contrast, the uninoculated treatment measured 12.17 at the same irrigation level. Also, the results showed that a noteworthy increase in fruit weight in plants treated with mycorrhizal fungi compared to non-inoculated plants, showing a percentage increase of 52.96%.
Evaluating the Suitability of some Desert Land in Western Iraq for Cultivation for Olives Crop
Authors: Muhammed A. A. , Al-Rafai M. K. , Yaqub M. T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The aim of the research, is to evaluate the suitability of some desert land in western Iraq for cultivation olive trees near water harvesting catchment. Semi details soil survey was conducted for (3492 donemes, eight pedons represented the soil great groups, (Alluvial desert soil, Typic calcids, Typic gypsed, Typic calcigypsids and Typic gypsicalcids of the land and valleys of Haqlan, Zaghdan, and Banat Al Hassan project, which is geographically defined between (line 41° 53′ 37- 42° 26′ 33 E) and (33° 53′ 44- 34° 12′ N). The Agro-Ecological characteristics which depend on (climatic, soil and topographic requirement) were determined and =evaluated by the methods. Correlation between parametric and limitation method. Followed by Sys et al 1993. Result showed, that the limited factors to cultivate lives, were soil depth gypsum and Soil texture, while climate was suitable class (S1) with degree (87.15 of climate index. Pedons (p1, p2, p3, p6, p8) were distributed under the suitability class (S3s) and the degree of suitability reached (31-49) and the limited factor for her was (depth and gypsum), while pedon (p4 and p5) distributed under the class (N1s) which is non-suitable actually and will be change t to class S3s potentially in the event of improvement or removal of the limitation.
A Comparative Field Assessment of Nano-Irrigation and Subsurface Drip Irrigation Methods in Central Iraq
Authors: Hatif Yaseen , Ghazal Kareim A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in winter season in the Abbasiya-Najaf Governorate, which is part of the Middle Euphrates region, during 2022-2023. Clayey-green alluvial texture soils were selected for the study and a complete randomized block design (CRBD) was used. Comparing two irrigation methods, nano-irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation, was marked by great differences in water use efficiency. Nano-irrigation consumed less water and resulted in the reduction of energy used for pumping. The introduction of a drip irrigation system influenced soil bulk density and but the difference was significant before and after its application. In addition, the study areas had significantly different electrical conductivity values, with nano-irrigation having some of the least soil salinity in comparison to subsurface drip irrigation. Alkalinity differences in soils were also found in all places, and marked differences were before and after the drip irrigation. In sum, the findings indicate that the nano-irrigation considerably reduces the water use, supports plant growth, and enhances the total productivity. This makes nano-irrigation a potential solution to improving water use efficiency in agriculture, especially in regions with water shortage or inability to supply water for agricultural purposes.