bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Southern Ocean carbon sink has been overestimated in the past three decades
Authors: Zhong Guorong , Li Xuegang , Song Jinming , Wang Fan , Qu Baoxiao , Wang Yanjun , Zhang Bin , Ma Jun , Yuan Huamao , Duan Liqin , Wang Qidong , Xing Jianwei , Dai Jiajia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEmploying machine learning methods for mapping surface ocean pCO2 has reduced the uncertainty in estimating sea-air CO2 flux. However, a general discrepancy exists between the Southern Ocean carbon sinks derived from pCO2 products and those from biogeochemistry models. Here, by performing a boosting ensemble learning feed-forward neural networks method, we have identified an underestimation of the surface Southern Ocean pCO2 due to notably uneven density of pCO2 measurements between summer and winter, which resulted in about 16% overestimating of Southern Ocean carbon sink over the past three decades. In particular, the Southern Ocean carbon sink since 2010 was notably overestimated by approximately 29%. This overestimation can be mitigated by a winter correction in algorithms, with the average Southern Ocean carbon sink during 1992-2021 corrected to −0.87 PgC yr−1 from the original −1.01 PgC yr−1. Furthermore, the most notable underestimation of surface ocean pCO2 mainly occurred in regions south of 60°S and was hiding under ice cover. As the surface ocean pCO2 under sea ice coverage in the winter is much higher than the atmosphere, if sea ice melts completely, there could be a further reduction of about 0.14 PgC yr−1 in the Southern Ocean carbon sink.
BOADICEA model: updates to the BRCA2 breast cancer risks for ages 60 years and older
Authors: Ficorella Lorenzo , Yang Xin , Easton Douglas F. , Antoniou Antonis C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBreast cancer risks in older BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers are understudied. Recent studies show a marked decline in the relative risk at older ages. We used data from two large studies to update the breast cancer risks in the BOADICEA model for BRCA2 carriers 60 years and older.
Exploiting hosts and vectors: viral strategies for facilitating transmission
Authors: Yu Xi , Zhu Yibin , Yin Gang , Wang Yibaina , Shi Xiaolu , Cheng Gong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractViruses have developed various strategies to ensure their survival and transmission. One intriguing strategy involves manipulating the behavior of infected arthropod vectors and hosts. Through intricate interactions, viruses can modify vector behavior, aiding in crossing barriers and improving transmission to new hosts. This manipulation may include altering vector feeding preferences, thus promoting virus transmission to susceptible individuals. In addition, viruses employ diverse dissemination methods, including cell-to-cell and intercellular transmission via extracellular vesicles. These strategies allow viruses to establish themselves in favorable environments, optimize replication, and increase the likelihood of spreading to other individuals. Understanding these complex viral strategies offers valuable insights into their biology, transmission dynamics, and potential interventions for controlling infections. Unraveling interactions between viruses, hosts, and vectors enables the development of targeted approaches to effectively mitigate viral diseases and prevent transmission.
Research on gradual planning scheme of power grid based on AHP and entropy weight method
Authors: Yu Zhang , Qingsheng Li , Zhen Li 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe integration of renewable energy into power grid planning poses significant challenges. In this investigation, planning strategies across eight key indicators encompassing economic, reliability, environmental, and adaptability are assessed. Leveraging the analytical hierarchy process alongside the entropy weight method, subjective and objective weights are ascertained and comprehensive weights with parsimonious discriminative data are synthesized. Scores for planning strategies are then derived utilizing these weights. To illustrate and validate the efficacy of the proposed methodology, it was applied to four schemes within the IEEE‐6 node system, incorporating wind and photovoltaic power plants.
Performance evaluation of coloured filters on PV panels in an outdoor environment
Authors: Geetha Anbazhagan , Usha S. , Padmanabhan Jagadish Babu , Palanisamy R. , Alexander Albert , Peter Geno , Ramkumar R. , Ganji Vivekananda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effects of colour filters and tilt angles on the electrical output characteristics of solar photovoltaic modules. The experimental set‐up allowed for the evaluation of various combinations of colour filters and tilt angles by using a realistic simulation of solar panel installations. The various light spectrum wavelengths and energy levels were taken into account, keeping in mind any potential impacts on the solar cells' conversion efficiency. The results showed that compared to other filter combinations, the use of red colour filters with a 10% blockage rate and an optimal tilt angle led to a noticeable increase in electrical output. This result emphasises the value of colour filtering and tilt angle selection in raising solar photovoltaic systems' overall performance. When compared to the other filters, the red, orange, and yellow filters stand out due to their outstanding efficiency of around 84.98%, 84.08%, and 83.69%. However, the teal, green, and blue filters exhibit relatively low levels of efficiency of about 69.62%, 67.06%, and 58.52%, respectively. The distinct reaction shown by purple and pink filters, when subjected to tilt angle of 30 degrees, offers a potentially productive direction of enhancing the efficiency of PV panel.
À propos du colloque du centre d’Alembert « Promesses des sciences, sciences des promesses »
Authors: Berdah Delphine , Noûs Camille 
Published: July 2024

Quelles conséquences ont les promesses technoscientifiques sur l’activité scientifique, sur nos sociétés et sur les relations sciences-sociétés ? Comment la politique et l’administration des sciences inscrivent-elles la promesse dans les pratiques des chercheurs ? Le colloque du centre d’Alembert intitulé « Promesses des sciences, sciences des promesses » s’est penché sur ces questions en croisant les regards et analyses de chercheurs en sciences humaines et sociales et en sciences expérimentales. Au cœur des projets qui gouvernent et financent les activités de recherche, les promesses s’appuient sur des imaginaires sociotechniques puissants capables de convaincre différents publics, de capter et d’orienter toutes les ressources vers des choix technologiques qui conditionnent notre futur à travers des chemins d’innovation, sans réel débat ni appréciations des conséquences.
S2k-Leitlinie „Harninkontinenz bei geriatrischen Patienten“ – Teil 1: Basisdiagnostik von Funktionsstörungen des unteren Harntraktes beim geriatrischen Patienten
Authors: Kirschner-Hermanns Ruth , Becher Klaus , Bojack Barbara , Drews Claudia , Wiedemann Andreas 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung 1/2023 wurde das dritte Update der seit 2005 bei der AWMF (Arbeitsgemeinschaft wissenschaftlich-medizinischer Fachgesellschaften) gelisteten und fortlaufend aktualisierten Leitlinie „Harninkontinenz bei geriatrischen Patienten – Diagnostik und Therapie“ durch die interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe „Harninkontinenz“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geriatrie (DGG) publiziert. Aus dieser Leitlinie, die als offizielle Leitlinie DGG akkreditiert ist, stellt der vorliegende Artikel das Kapitel „Diagnostik“ dar.
Methodik In einem strukturierten Bewertungsprozess identifizierte eine Literaturrecherche zunächst die vorhandene Literatur im Kontext des „geriatrischen Patienten“, wie er als zumeist über 70jährig und multimorbid oder über 80jährig durch die Fachgesellschaften definiert ist. Primäre Berücksichtigung fanden randomisierte, doppelblinde, Plazebo-kontrollierte Studien sowie bereits vorhandene Leitlinien zum Thema. Wo keine solchen Untersuchungen vorlagen oder aus methodischen Gründen prinzipiell nicht durchführbar sind, wurden auch Publikationen anderer Designs (nicht randomisierte Untersuchungen, Fallkontrollstudien) zur Leitlinienerstellung herangezogen. Die daraus resultierenden Leitlinienempfehlungen wurden einem strukturierten Abstimmungsprozess unterzogen und abschließend Deligierten relevanter Fachgesellschaften vorgelegt.
Ergebnisse Die klassische Basisdiagnostik, die erweiterte Diagnostik mit urologisch-instrumentellen Untersuchungsmethoden und Inkontinenzassessments wurden bewertet und hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit für den geriatrischen Patienten überprüft. Es galt, besonders invasive Untersuchungen auf ihre Anwendbarkeit beim geriatrischen Patienten zu untersuchen bzw. die Aussagekraft eines reduzierten Untersuchungsumfanges zu evaluieren. So bedürfen diese Untersuchungen ein Mindestmaß an Compliance Restmobilität und daher einer besonders sorgfältigen Indikationsstellung. Dies gilt insbesondere bei Versagen der Primärtherapie, vor geplanter operativer Therapie, oder wenn die geplante Therapie spezielle Risiken birgt.
Schlussfolgerungen Der in der Regel hochbetagte, vulnerable und multimorbide Patient bedarf bezüglich der eingesetzten Diagnostik bzw. ihres Umfanges auch bei Harninkontinenz einer differenzierten Betrachtung unter Einschluss seiner kognitiven und funktionellen Reserven und der erwarteten Aussagekraft der Untersuchungsmethoden.
„Es muss laufen“ – Medizinische Fachangestellte und ihre Erfahrungen
im Impfmanagement während der Covid-19-Pandemie
Authors: Suslow Anastasia , Schlößler Kathrin , Chikhradze Nino , Lauer Romy , Christian Vollmar Horst , Otte Ina Carola 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Mit Beginn der Impfkampagne gegen Covid-19 in hausärztlichen
Praxen kam für die Medizinischen Fachangestellten (MFA) ein neuer und
arbeitsintensiver Aufgabenbereich hinzu. Zusätzlich zu ihren bereits bestehenden
Aufgaben und den Herausforderungen, die Covid-19 mit sich brachte, mussten Sie
die Impfungen organisieren, planen, z.T. durchführen und die Dokumentation
nachbereiten.
Methode Im Zeitraum von April bis September 2021 wurden 21
semi-strukturierte Leitfadeninterviews mit MFA durchgeführt. Insbesondere in
Anbetracht des Zeitpunktes der Interviewdurchführung, wurde nach dem
Arbeitsalltag und der damit verbundenen Impforganisation gefragt. Die Interviews
wurden anschließend mithilfe der Software MAXQDA in Anlehnung an die Qualitative
Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz ausgewertet.
Ergebnis Die MFA bemängelten eine fehlende Organisation und Transparenz in
der Planung und Umsetzung der Impfungen. Jede Impfung musste vor- und
nachbereitet werden; dies wurde als immenser bürokratischer Aufwand
wahrgenommen. Mehrarbeit und Stress waren die Folge. Zusätzlich mussten sich die
MFA mit herausfordernden Patient*innen auseinandersetzen.
Schlussfolgerung Die Erfahrungen der MFA sollten in Zukunft angemessen
berücksichtigt werden, um Handlungsempfehlungen für den Umgang mit einer
erhöhten Nachfrage nach Impfungen während einer Pandemie zu erstellen.
Zukünftige Leitlinien sollten die Rolle der MFA angemessen berücksichtigen und
diese durch eine sinnvolle Organisation entlasten und unterstützen.
Evaluating the Usefulness of Population-Wide COVID-19 Testing in the
Omicron Era: Insights from a German Model
Authors: Gandjour Afschin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, which has become dominant
worldwide since late 2021, presents a unique challenge due to its high rate of
asymptomatic transmission. This study evaluates the efficacy and value of
population-wide testing, including self-testing, in the context of COVID-19,
particularly under the Omicron variant, using data from Germany.
Methods A decision-analytical model and secondary data was used for
assessing the impact of systematic screening and testing for COVID-19. Various
scenarios were taken into consideration including seasonal patterns of COVID-19
transmission and the potential for annual waves. The model assessed the clinical
benefits of testing against the backdrop of vaccine effectiveness, transmission
rates, and the potential to prevent severe clinical events, including death, ICU
admission, and long COVID syndrome.
Results The study found that the value of mass testing and self-testing
for private use was highly contingent on the transmission rate and the scenario
of COVID-19 waves (seasonal vs. continuous). For winter waves, a very high
incidence rate was required to justify testing, while for continuous waves,
testing could be valuable for those in contact with individuals in their last
decade of life. The analysis highlighted the limitations of mass testing when
community transmission rates were low and the potential value of testing in
high-risk contacts or amidst new outbreaks.
Conclusion The findings suggest that the resumption of testing during
winter waves is unlikely to provide significant clinical benefits given the
current understanding of Omicron’s transmission and immunity waning. This study
underscores the need for a nuanced approach to COVID-19 testing policies,
considering both the epidemiological context and the practical implications of
testing strategies.
Die Bedeutung von Zertifikaten im Krankenhaus
Authors: Sarbandi Michael 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungWas bewegt Krankenhäuser trotz Aufwand und Kosten sich zertifizieren zu lassen?
Welchen Mehrwert gibt es für die Krankenhäuser durch Zertifizierungsprozesse? In
einer Online-Umfrage wurden Qualitätsbeauftragte aus 188 Krankenhäusern gebeten,
ihre Einschätzung zur Qualität und der Bedeutung von externen
Zertifizierungsprozessen im Krankenhaus zu geben. Die Resultate zeigen, dass die
Bereitschaft, QM-Systeme oder eine spezialisierte Arbeit in Versorgungszentren
zertifizieren zu lassen, bei den Krankenhäusern hoch ist, obwohl die wachsende
Zahl von Zertifizierungsangeboten und Qualitätslabels bei Patient*innen
möglicherweise zu Unsicherheit und Verwirrung führt, zumal die Bedeutung der
Zertifikate häufig nicht klar ist, und die normativen Regelwerke und
Kriterienkataloge oft nicht zugänglich sind.
Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training During Pregnancy: Effects on Mental State, Delivery and Labour Pain – a Prospective Study
Authors: Weschenfelder Friederike , Bulgay-Mörschel Mehtap , Lütje Wolf , Schleußner Ekkehard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProgressive muscle relaxation is a widely used technique for relaxation, but studies are rare about efficacy on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Aim of our study was to determine whether progressive muscle relaxation affects anxiety and depression levels of pregnant women, pregnancy outcomes, labour pain and analgesic requirements.156 pregnant women were enrolled in a prospective non-randomized controlled cohort study. The control group received standard antenatal care and classes only, while the intervention group additionally received progressive muscle relaxation training once a week for six weeks. Anxiety, depression and current strain were measured in a pretest-posttest experimental design using self-report scales at baseline (1st survey), 5 weeks later (2nd survey) and during puerperium (3rd survey). Numeric Rating scales were used for measuring labour pain and satisfaction with analgesic treatment in the 3rd survey.Fifty complete questionnaires from each group were analysed. There were no differences in mental status between the groups at baseline. Progressive muscle relaxation training significantly reduced depression levels. Trait anxiety, reflecting a person’s basic anxiety decreased significantly in both groups during puerperium. No differences in pregnancy outcomes, labour pain and analgesic requirements could be shown within both groups in general. Nonetheless, women attending more than five progressive muscle relaxation courses reported significantly less labour pain within the group and compared to controls.Pregnant women could benefit from progressive muscle relaxation training if used continuously. Relaxation methods should be a substantial part of prenatal care and available for everyone.
Designing the User Interface of a Nitroglycerin Dose Titration Decision Support System: User-Centered Design Study
Authors: Kamboj Navpreet , Metcalfe Kelly , Chu Charlene H. , Conway Aaron 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Nurses adjust intravenous nitroglycerin infusions to provide acute relief for angina by manually increasing or decreasing the dosage. However, titration can pose challenges, as excessively high doses can lead to hypotension, and low doses may result in inadequate pain relief. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) that predict changes in blood pressure for nitroglycerin dose adjustments may assist nurses with titration.
Objective This study aimed to design a user interface for a CDSS for nitroglycerin dose titration (Nitroglycerin Dose Titration Decision Support System [nitro DSS]).
Methods A user-centered design (UCD) approach, consisting of an initial qualitative study with semistructured interviews to identify design specifications for prototype development, was used. This was followed by three iterative rounds of usability testing. Nurses with experience titrating nitroglycerin infusions in coronary care units participated.
Results A total of 20 nurses participated, including 7 during the qualitative study and 15 during usability testing (2 nurses participated in both phases). Analysis of the qualitative data revealed four themes for the interface design to be (1) clear and consistent, (2) vigilant, (3) interoperable, and (4) reliable. The major elements of the final prototype included a feature for viewing the predicted and actual blood pressure over time to determine the reliability of the predictions, a drop-down option to report patient side effects, a feature to report reasons for not accepting the prediction, and a visual alert indicating any systolic blood pressure predictions below 90 mm Hg. Nurses' ratings on the questionnaires indicated excellent usability and acceptability of the final nitro DSS prototype.
Conclusion This study successfully applied a UCD approach to collaborate with nurses in developing a user interface for the nitro DSS that supports the clinical decision-making of nurses titrating nitroglycerin.
Rhetorical attacks on gender equality machineries in Spain: lessons for studying the new backlash
Authors: D. Ortbals Candice 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe far-right political party in Spain, Vox, devalues women’s policy machineries through its critical rhetoric about gender and equality policies. This note puts forth two rhetorical strategies utilized by the party, ideographs and victim contests; and it argues that these strategies communicate to the public that women’s policy machineries are not necessary or appropriate. Consequently, the party’s rhetoric has noticeably challenged the previous consensus in Spain around using women’s policy machineries to improve and save women’s lives.
Pulse generators for enhanced magnetomotive ultrasound: Toward a cost-effective imaging for tissue characterization
Authors: Mazon Valadez Ernesto E. , Bordonal Ricardo R. , Freire José E. , Uliana João H. , Arsalani Saeideh , Collazos-Burbano David A. , Carneiro Antonio A. O. , Pavan Theo Z. 
Published: July 2024

Magnetomotive ultrasound (MMUS) stands out as a promising and effective ultrasound-based method for detecting magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) within tissues. This innovative technique relies on the precise estimation of micrometric displacements induced by the interaction of an external magnetic field with MNPs. Pulsed MMUS has emerged as a strategic alternative to address limitations associated with harmonic excitation, such as heat generation in amplifiers and coils, frequency-dependent tissue mechanical responses, and prolonged magnetic field rise times. Despite the growing interest in MMUS, the devices conventionally employed to excite the coil are not specifically tailored to generate intense magnetic fields while minimizing interference with the transient behavior of induced displacements. To bridge this gap, our work introduces the design and fabrication of two pulse generators: one based on a capacitor-discharge circuit and the other on a resonant-inverter circuit. We evaluated the performance of these pulse generators by considering parameters such as the magnetic field generated, rise and fall times, and their ability to supply sustained current for varied pulse widths across different pulse repetition frequencies. Furthermore, we carried out a practical MMUS implementation using tissue-mimicking phantoms, demonstrating the capability of both devices to achieve magnetic fields of up to 1 T and average displacements of 25 µm within the phantom. In addition, we estimated the shear wave velocity, effective shear modulus, and their temperature-dependent variations. Our findings highlight the versatility and efficacy of the proposed pulse generators and emphasize their potential as low-cost platforms for theranostic applications, enabling the assessment of targeted entities within biological tissues.
High intensity proton source based on a hollow-cathode reflex discharge
Authors: Gushenets V. I. , Bugaev A. S. , Oks E. M. 
Published: July 2024

We describe here the electrode system, design, and parameters of an ion source based on a Penning-type hollow-cathode reflex discharge developed for generation of proton beams. Especially for proton beam generation, a modified geometry of both hollow and reflex cathodes was fabricated. The working gas is molecular hydrogen. Ion extraction and beam formation are performed using a three-electrode single-aperture optical system with a 3-mm diameter emission aperture. At an accelerating voltage of 33–35 kV and a discharge current of 0.55 A in continuous mode, the ion beam current was 15–17 mA, and in pulsed mode, at a discharge current of about 2 A, the beam current was 55 mA. The beam consists mainly of H+, H2+, and H3+ ions, with the proton (H+) fraction up to 27% in continuous mode and 40% in pulsed mode.
Monitoring the evolution of optical coatings during thermal annealing with real-time, in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry
Authors: Colace Stefano , Samandari Shima , Granata Massimo , Amato Alex , Caminale Michael , Michel Christophe , Gemme Gianluca , Pinard Laurent , Canepa Maurizio , Magnozzi Michele 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Thermal annealing plays a key role in optimizing the properties of amorphous optical coatings. In the field of gravitational wave detection (GWD), however, the effects of annealing protocols on the interferometry mirror coatings have been explored primarily by ex post analysis. As a result, the dynamics of the coatings properties during annealing is still poorly known, potentially leading to suboptimal performance. Here, using real-time, in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) we have tracked the refractive index and thickness of a titania-tantala coating during controlled annealing. We have tested the material and the annealing protocol used in current GWD mirrors. The annealing cycle consisted of a heating ramp from room temperature to 500 ∘C, followed by a 10-h plateau at the same temperature and the final cooling ramp. SE measurements have been run continuously during the entire cycle. Significant variations in the thickness and refractive index, which accompany the coating structural relaxation, have been recorded during the heating ramp. These variations start around 200 ∘C, slightly above the deposition temperature, and show an increased rate in the range 250 ∘C–350 ∘C. A smaller, continuous evolution has been observed during the 10-h high-temperature plateau. The results offer suggestions to modify the current annealing protocol for titania-tantala coatings, for example by increasing the time duration of the high-temperature plateau. They also suggest an increase in the substrate temperature at deposition. The approach presented here paves the way for systematic, real-time investigations to clarify how the annealing parameters shape the properties of optical coatings, and can be leveraged to define and optimize the annealing protocol of new candidate materials for GWD mirrors.