bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prioritizing research needs and opportunities at the intersection of implementation science and engagement science
Authors: Villalobos Aubrey , Reynolds Elizabeth , Halpin Sean N. , Jacobs Sara R. , Peay Holly L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
There has been increased attention to the need for, and the positive impact of, engaged or participatory science in recent years. Implementation scientists have an opportunity to leverage and contribute to engagement science (ES) through the systematic integration of engagement into implementation science (IS). The purpose of this study was to gather information from researchers and others to develop a prioritized list of research needs and opportunities at the intersection of IS and ES.

Methods
We conducted three Zoom-based focus groups with 20 researchers to generate a list of unmet needs, barriers, and to describe normative themes about use of ES and IS. Then a panel of nine experts in IS and/or engagement ranked the needs and barriers using a survey and met via a Zoom meeting to discuss and generate research opportunities and questions, with reference to the focus group outputs.

Results
Respondents and experts concurred on the importance of engagement in IS. Focus group participants reported 28 needs and barriers under the themes of 1) need for best practice guidance related to engagement processes and outcomes and 2) structural barriers to integrating ES in IS. The expert panel prioritized six structural barriers and four barriers related to generating best practice guidance, with corresponding recommendations on research opportunities. Example research opportunities related to engagement processes included: define “successful” engagement in IS contexts; adapt engagement tools and best practices from other disciplines into IS. Example research opportunities related to outcomes included: assess the impact of engagement on IS outcomes; examine engagement practices that lead to optimal engaged research. Example research opportunities related to structural barriers included: leverage research evidence to create structural changes needed to expand support for engaged IS; examine factors that influence institutional buy-in of engagement in IS.

Conclusions
Research needs exist that relate to engagement processes, outcomes, and structural barriers, even for scientists who value engaged research. Expert panelists recommended sequential and reinforcing research opportunities that implementation and engagement scientists can tackle together to advance both fields and health equity. Future work should assess insights from broader invested parties, particularly patients and community members.
Factors influencing the fasting decisions of day-case surgery patients
Authors: Burgess Ruth 
Published: July 2024

Background: Patients admitted on the day of surgery are asked to arrive fasted, and they often fast for longer than necessary. Although pre-assessment supports patients to prepare for surgery, little is known about how they make fasting decisions. Aims: To explore factors influencing the fasting decisions of day-case patients and how to provide information pre-operatively. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study design was used. Semi-structured telephone interviews were carried out with 10 patients recruited from a single day-case unit. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: Three themes provided context for fasting decisions: the operation as a serious event; the patient as an active partner; and the patient as a rule follower. Length of fast is determined by fasting decisions and practicalities. Conclusion: Patients approach fasting decisions according to their knowledge and experience and their individual preferences for information. Pre-assessment nurses should tailor information to the patient and explain the rationale for fasting.
Peripheral intravenous catheter-induced phlebitis in a tertiary hospital of Karachi: a cohort study
Authors: Yaqoob Muhammad , Masih Sarfraz , Rasheed Abdur , Shah Yousaf , Uddin Nadeem , Siddiqui Faraz , Rehan Muhammad , Khan Rasheed Ahmed , Ahmed Fahad , Rehan Muhammad , Qasim Rubina 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the incidence of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC)-induced phlebitis and its predictors among adult patients hospitalized at Dow University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A sample of 258 adult patients admitted in the selected wards and planned for peripheral intravenous catheter insertion were recruited through consecutive sampling during March to May 2019. Daily follow-ups were performed to observe signs of phlebitis using a validated tool. The cohort was followed until discharge, removal of peripheral intravenous catheter, or study conclusion. Results: Of 258 patients studied, 139 (53.9%) were females. A significant number of the participants 104 (40.3%) were young adults of age 20–40 years. The incidence of phlebitis was 39.1%. Tuberculosis (TB), peripheral intravenous catheter dwell time before initial assessment, administration of IV fluids, and dissatisfactory nursing care at Day 1 were associated significantly with the development of phlebitis. There was a doseresponse relationship between the catheter dwell time in hours before initial assessment and the development of phlebitis. Conclusion: This study found an increased incidence (39.1%) in three months of PIVC-induced phlebitis among adult patients. In addition to patient-related and PIVC-related risk factors considered in this study, PIVC-induced phlebitis is found to be significantly associated with the level of PIVC care provided by nurses. Continuous nursing education, developing standard care plans for PIVCs, and proper documentation of care are recommended.
Lead exposure sources and public health investigations for children with elevated blood lead in England, 2014 to 2022
Authors: Dave Mona , Busby Araceli , Shammari Lena Al , Iqbal Neelam , Coole Louise , Bagnall Helen , Crabbe Helen 
Published: July 2024

Background
Lead exposure at any concentration can adversely impact health, with children being more vulnerable to its effects. In England, children with an elevated blood lead concentration (BLC) are reported to Health Protection Teams (HPTs) for public health investigation. A detailed review of these cases has not yet been conducted.

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to describe the demographics, likely setting and sources of lead exposure, risk behaviours, public health investigations and outcomes for children aged <16 years with a BLC requiring public health action reported to HPTs between 2014–2022 in England.

Methods
Data were collected via a lookback questionnaire and a live enhanced surveillance questionnaire. Data were deduplicated, cleaned and results summarised as numbers and percentages using R studio. A thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative responses to a question relating to problems experienced during case investigation.

Results
There were 340 cases in our study: the majority were aged 1–4 years old (53%) and male (69%). Ethnicity data was poorly recorded. A higher than expected proportion (31%) lived in the most deprived areas. Pica (76%) and learning difficulties (60%) were often present. Cases were primarily exposed to lead in the domestic setting (92%) with paint (43%) and soil (29%) the most common exposures. Most cases lived in rented accommodation (63%), with a higher proportion in social rentals (48%) than privately rented (37%). Case investigations were resource intensive and poor stakeholder engagement/response was most frequently identified as challenging by HPTs.

Conclusions
Lead exposure is harmful to children and requires public health and clinical management, which can be complex and challenging. Prevention of lead exposure in children should be the focus of intervention efforts. Outreach, engagement and preventative work should focus on both renters and homeowners. Collecting ethnicity data consistently may enable identification of more specific groups at increased risk of lead exposure in England.
The Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody assays: Differentiating between vaccination and infection, and assessing long-term performance
Authors: Quee Franke A. , Hogema Boris M. , Molier Michel , Slot Ed , van den Hurk Katja , Zaaijer Hans L. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Serological surveillance is useful for assessing SARS-CoV-2 immunity in populations. To effectively study the presence and persistence of antibodies, it is necessary to distinguish between persons with past infection, and persons who only received vaccination. Knowledge of the duration of antibody persistence is essential for correct interpretation of surveillance results.

Methods
Starting in April 2020, waning of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was studied in a longitudinal cohort study of 495 SARS-CoV-2 antibody-positive Dutch blood donors, not pre-selected by PCR testing or disease severity. Additionally, in May 2021, a sample of donors representative for the Dutch population was tested for antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, using the Wantai Ab ELISA and the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay; and for antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein, which indicate past infection, using the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay.

Results
The anti-S response in donors that were infected in April or May 2020 remained positive in 100% of donors in the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay one year after infection, after which follow up of waning was no longer possible because of large scale vaccination. The anti-nucleocapsid response results were still positive in approximately 80% of donors two years after infection. In May 2021, 51% of the donors showed anti-S reactivity and 16.8% tested positive for anti-nucleocapsid antibodies.

Conclusion
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 resulted in spike and nucleocapsid antibody levels still detectable in the majority of donors 1–2 years after infection. In May 2021, 51% of donors were vaccinated and 16.8% had had an infection. Thus, both Elecsys® SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays can be used to reliably assess the vaccination and infection status of individuals.
Accuracy of consumer-based activity trackers to measure and coach patients with lower limb lymphoedema
Authors: Blondeel Astrid , Devoogdt Nele , Asnong Anne , Geraerts Inge , De Groef An , Heroes An-Kathleen , Van Calster Charlotte , Troosters Thierry , Demeyer Heleen , Ginis Pieter , De Vrieze Tessa 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This study investigated the accuracy of activity trackers in chronic lower limb lymphoedema (LLL) patients and in comparison to matched controls.

Materials and methods
Seventeen LLL patients and 35 healthy subjects wore an activity tracker at the hip (Fitbit Zip/Inspire; hip-AT) and one at the wrist (Fitbit Alta/Inspire; wrist-AT) combined with a reference activity monitor (Dynaport Movemonitor; DAM), for 14 consecutive days. To analyze accuracy and agreement, mean daily step count from both AT’s were compared to DAM. To evaluate the accuracy as coaching tool, day-by-day differences were calculated. The Kendall correlation coefficient was used to test consistency of ranking daily steps between the AT’s and the DAM.

Results
The wrist-AT significantly overestimated daily step count compared to DAM in the LLL group (+1221 ± 1754 steps per day, p = 0.011) while the hip-AT underestimated the step count, although not significantly. Similar results were found in the healthy control group. As a coaching tool, both wrist-AT and hip-AT showed a moderate correlation with the DAM (r = 0.507 and 0.622, respectively) in the LLL group regarding consistency of ranking from most to least active days.

Conclusion
Wrist-AT’s significantly overestimate daily step count in a LLL population. As a coaching tool, both trackers show moderate validity, indicating applicability to improve physical activity.
The continuum of care for maternal health in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmed Ritbano , Gebre Solomon , Demelash Minychil , Belachew Tamiru , Mohammed Abdurezak , Musema Abdulhakim , Sultan Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

Background
The continuum of care for maternal health (COCM) is a critical strategy for addressing preventable causes of maternal and perinatal mortality. Despite notable progress in reducing maternal and infant deaths globally, the problem persists, particularly in low-resource settings. Additionally, significant disparities in the provision of continuous care exist both between continents and within countries on the same continent. This study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of completion across the maternity care continuum in Africa and investigate the associated factors.

Methods
Relevant articles were accessed through the EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, HINARI, and Google Scholar databases. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were employed to assess publication bias, while the I-squared test was used to evaluate study heterogeneity. The inclusion criteria were limited to observational studies conducted exclusively in Africa. The quality of these studies was assessed using the JBI checklist. Data extraction from the included studies was performed using Microsoft Excel and then analysed using Stata 16 software.

Results
A total of 23 studies involving 74,880 mothers met the inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of women who successfully completed the COCM was 20.9% [95% CI: 16.9–25.0]. Our analysis revealed several factors associated with this outcome, including urban residency [OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.6–3.2], the highest wealth index level [OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.4–3.0], primiparous status [OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 2.2–5.1], planned pregnancy [OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 2.3–3.7], and exposure to mass media [OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.9–3.8].

Conclusion
The study revealed that only 20.9% of women fully completed the COCM. It also identified several factors associated with completion of the COCM, such as residing in urban areas, possessing a higher wealth index, being a first-time mother, experiencing a planned pregnancy, and having access to mass media. Based on the study’s findings, it is recommended that targeted interventions be implemented in rural areas, financial assistance be provided to women with lower wealth index levels, educational campaigns be conducted through mass media, early antenatal care be promoted, and family planning services be strengthened.

Review registration
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (ID: CRD42020205736).
Role of multisegmental nerve ultrasound in the diagnosis of leprosy neuropathy
Authors: De Martino Luppi Andrea , Ferreira Guilherme Emílio , Borges Isabella Sabião , Antunes Douglas Eulálio , Araújo Lúcio , dos Santos Diogo Fernandes , Nogueira-Barbosa Marcello Henrique , Goulart Isabela Maria Bernardes 
Published: July 2024

Introduction/Aims
Leprosy is the most common treatable peripheral neuropathy worldwide. The detection of peripheral nerve impairment is essential for its diagnosis and treatment, in order to prevent stigmatizing deformities and disabilities. This study was performed to identify neural thickening through multisegmental ultrasound (US).

Methods
We assessed US measurements of cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of ulnar, median and tibial nerves at two points (in the osteofibrous tunnel and proximal to the tunnel), and also of the common fibular nerve at the fibular head level in 53 leprosy patients (LP), and compared with those of 53 healthy volunteers (HV), as well as among different clinical forms of leprosy.

Results
US evaluation detected neural thickening in 71.1% (38/53) of LP and a mean number of 3.6 enlarged nerves per patient. The ulnar and tibial were the most frequently affected nerves. All nerves showed significantly higher measurements in LP compared with HV, and also greater asymmetry, with significantly higher values for ulnar and tibial nerves. We found significant CSAs differences between tunnel and pre-tunnel points for ulnar and tibial nerves, with maximum values proximal to the tunnel. All clinical forms of leprosy evaluated showed neural enlargement through US.

Discussion
Our findings support the role of multisegmental US as a useful method for diagnosing leprosy neuropathy, revealing that asymmetry, regional and non-uniform thickening are characteristics of the disease. Furthermore, we observed that neural involvement is common in different clinical forms of leprosy, reinforcing the importance of including US evaluation of peripheral nerves in the investigation of all leprosy patients.
COVID-19-related stigma within a rural South African community: A mixed methods analysis
Authors: Mashinini Duduzile P. , Kelly Nicole K. , Mataboge Palesa , Hill Frantasia , Nair Harish , Palattiyil George , Kahn Kathleen , Pettifor Audrey 
Published: July 2024

Background
Infectious disease-related stigma is a pervasive global issue that impedes disease control efforts by increasing reluctance to seek treatment or engagement in prevention behaviors for fear of ostracism. Despite this, there is limited research on COVID-19 stigma in Africa, specifically rural South Africa, which has faced infectious disease-related stigma throughout the HIV epidemic.

Methods
Population-based surveys were conducted among 1,662 adults living in the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System (AHDSS) area in Mpumalanga, South Africa, in August-October 2020 and August-October 2021. Surveys measured anticipated COVID-19-related stigma from low to high levels. Changes in stigma between surveys were compared using Wilcoxon ranked sign tests, and log-binomial models estimated the association between socio-demographic factors and anticipated stigma at both intervals. Qualitative interviews were conducted in 2022 among 31 adults who completed the original surveys, and the data were analyzed thematically to describe anticipated, perceived, and enacted stigma.

Results
Anticipated stigma significantly decreased from the first to the second survey (p-value:<0.0001). Stigma was significantly higher among older age groups. In 2020, those less knowledgeable about COVID-19 were 2.24 times as likely to have higher levels of anticipated stigma compared to those who were more knowledgeable (RR:2.24, 95% CI: 1.90,2.64). Fear of being stigmatized influenced willingness to disclose infection. Participants perceived COVID-19 stigma as similar to HIV/AIDS stigma, but concern and fear reduced over time, with differences observed across generations and sexes. For some, fear of death and mistrust of others endorsed enacting stigma toward others.

Conclusion
While COVID-19 stigma decreased over time in rural South Africa, different forms of stigma persisted and influenced participants’ willingness to reveal their COVID-19 infection status. Given South Africa’s history with infectious disease-related stigma hindering public health efforts, it is crucial that government bodies prioritize strategies to mitigate stigma in rural communities.
The effect of photobiomodulation on histamine and Mucuna pruriens-induced pruritus, hyperknesis and alloknesis in healthy volunteers: A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled study
Authors: Lang-Illievich Kordula , Klivinyi Christoph , Schulze-Bauer Heike , Elhelali Ala , Bornemann-Cimenti Helmar 
Published: July 2024

Background
Photobiomodulation, also referred to as Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT), has emerged as a promising intervention for pruritus, a prevalent and often distressing symptom.

Objectives
This study investigated the efficacy of low-level light therapy (LLLT) in alleviating pruritus, hyperknesis, and alloknesis induced by histamine and Mucuna pruriens.

Methods
In a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial with a split-body design, healthy volunteers underwent 6 minutes of LLLT and sham treatments in separate upper back quadrants. The histamine model was applied to the upper quadrants, and Mucuna pruriens to the lower quadrants. Pruritus intensity, alloknesis, hyperknesis, flare area, and skin temperature were measured pre and post treatment.

Results
Seventeen individuals (eight females, nine males) participated in the study. In the histamine model, LLLT notably reduced itch intensity (difference = 13.9 (95% CI: 10.5 − 17.4), p = 0.001), alloknesis (difference = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.58–1.02), p = 0.001), and hyperknesis (difference = 0.48 (95% CI: 0.09–0.86), p = 0.01). Skin temperature changes were not significantly different between the two groups (difference = -2.0 (95% CI: -6.7–2.6), p = 0.37). For the Mucuna pruriens model, no significant differences were observed in any measures, including itch intensity (difference = 0.8 (95% CI: -2.3 − 3.8), p = 0.61) hyperknesis (difference = 0.08 (95% CI: -0.06–0.33), p = 0.16) and alloknesis (difference = 0. 0.09 (95% CI: -0.08–0.256), p = 0.27).

Conclusions
LLLT effectively reduced histamine-induced pruritus, alloknesis, and hyperknesis; however, LLLT was ineffective against Mucuna pruriens-induced pruritus. Further investigations are required to determine LLLT’s effectiveness of LLLT in various pruritus models.
Teaching methods for critical thinking in health education of children up to high school: A scoping review
Authors: Prokop-Dorner Anna , Piłat-Kobla Aleksandra , Ślusarczyk Magdalena , Świątkiewicz-Mośny Maria , Ożegalska-Łukasik Natalia , Potysz-Rzyman Aleksandra , Zarychta Marianna , Juszczyk Albert , Kondyjowska Dominika , Magiera Agnieszka , Maraj Małgorzata , Storman Dawid , Warzecha Sylwia , Węglarz Paulina , Wojtaszek-Główka Magdalena , Żabicka Wioletta , Bała Małgorzata M. 
Published: July 2024

According to the World Health Organization, the improvement of people’s health literacy is one of the fundamental public health challenges in the 21st century. The key issue in teaching health literacy is to develop critical thinking skills. As health literacy and critical thinking should be developed at school age, we reviewed teaching methods or educational interventions used in empirical studies focused on the development of critical thinking regarding health and implemented by teachers in preschools, primary schools, or secondary schools. We searched seven databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, ERIC, ProqQuest, PsycArticles, and CINAHL) from inception to 20 September 2023 for any type of empirical studies. Due to the heterogeneity in interventions and inadequate reporting of results, a descriptive synthesis of studies was performed in addition to quantitative analysis. Of the 15919 initial records, 115 studies were included in the review. Most of the educational interventions focused on lifestyle-related health issues such as substance use, sexual and reproductive health, and nutrition. The popularity of health issues changed over time and depended on the geographical context. Six dimensions that differentiated the teaching methods were identified: central teaching component, central educator, pupils’ activity level, teaching context, educational materials, and significance of critical thinking. Many educational interventions did not address the development of critical thinking skills in a comprehensive manner, and the significance of critical thinking varied greatly. Interventions in which critical thinking had high and very high significance applied mainly problem-solving methods and involved pupils’ activity. The evidence on the effectiveness of the teaching methods that develop critical thinking is limited because most articles failed to provide detailed information on the teaching methods or did not examine their effects. We recommend that a checklist is developed to facilitate a detailed description of health educational interventions and thus promoting their replicability.
Study registration: The protocol of the review was registered in the OSF Registries on 13 January 2022 (doi: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/46TEZ).