bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affective processing in bilingual speakers: Disembodied cognition?
Authors: Pavlenko Aneta 
Published: November 2012

A recent study by Keysar, Hayakawa, and An (2012) suggests that “thinking in a foreign language” may reduce decision biases because a foreign language provides a greater emotional distance than a native tongue. The possibility of such “disembodied” cognition is of great interest for theories of affect and cognition and for many other areas of psychological theory and practice, from clinical and forensic psychology to marketing, but first this claim needs to be properly evaluated. The purpose of this review is to examine the findings of clinical, introspective, cognitive, psychophysiological, and neuroimaging studies of affective processing in bilingual speakers in order to identify converging patterns of results, to evaluate the claim about “disembodied cognition,” and to outline directions for future inquiry. The findings to date reveal two interrelated processing effects. First‐language (L1) advantage refers to increased automaticity of affective processing in the L1 and heightened electrodermal reactivity to L1 emotion‐laden words. Second‐language (L2) advantage refers to decreased automaticity of affective processing in the L2, which reduces interference effects and lowers electrodermal reactivity to negative emotional stimuli. The differences in L1 and L2 affective processing suggest that in some bilingual speakers, in particular late bilinguals and foreign language users, respective languages may be differentially embodied, with the later learned language processed semantically but not affectively. This difference accounts for the reduction of framing biases in L2 processing in the study by Keysar et al. (2012). The follow‐up discussion identifies the limits of the findings to date in terms of participant populations, levels of processing, and types of stimuli, puts forth alternative explanations of the documented effects, and articulates predictions to be tested in future research.
Orientation control of textured SrTiO3 thin films on platinized α-Al2O3 (0 0 0 1) by an ion beam sputter deposition method
Authors: Panomsuwan G , Takai O , Saito N 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
SrTiO3 (STO) thin films were grown on Pt/Al2O3 substrates without a Ti adhesion layer by an ion beam sputter deposition method in a range of growth temperatures between 600 and 750 °C. The effect of growth temperature on the film orientation was investigated by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, pole figure measurements and in-plane grazing incidence x-ray diffraction. The film orientation showed a strong dependence on the growth temperature. The films exhibited a predominant (1 1 0) orientation at a low growth temperature of 600 °C. With an increase in growth temperature to 750 °C, a highly (1 1 1)-textured STO film with two different orientation variants was achieved on the Pt/Al2O3 substrate. A narrow full-width at half-maximum of 0.12° for the rocking curve measured on 2 2 2STO reflection and a six-fold symmetry from {1 0 0}STO and {1 1 0}STO pole figures were observed. Three-dimensional island growth mode was observed on the surfaces of all films, as investigated with an atomic force microscope. The evolution of grain shape and size was apparently found with an increase in growth temperature. The root-mean-square roughness of the STO film grown at 750 °C was raised to be about 4 nm due to the surface faceting of (1 1 1)-oriented grains. The growth mechanism of the (1 1 0)- and (1 1 1)-textured STO films on the Pt/Al2O3 substrates was also explained and discussed in detail.
First-principles calculations of O-K ELNES/XANES of lithium titanate
Authors: Tanaka Shingo , Kitta Mitsunori , Tamura Tomoyuki , Akita Tomoki , Maeda Yasushi , Kohyama Masanori 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Electron energy-loss near-edge structure/x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra of O-K edge for Li4Ti5O12 and Li7Ti5O12 have been calculated by the first-principles projector augmented wave method. The calculated spectra for various O sites in large Li32Ti40O96 and Li56Ti40O96 supercells with realistic site occupancies have two peaks in a lower energy region and three peaks in a higher energy region. The features of the averaged spectra of the two systems are consistent with recent experimental observations.
An All‐Elasticity Approach to Factor Demand and Output Supply
Authors: Houck James P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUsing production elasticities as the basis of discussion, this paper develops direct and cross price elasticity relations among the demand functions for inputs at any point on a production surface. The relevant price elasticities of both input demand and output supply are shown to be simple functions of production elasticities. These relations provide numerous specific testable hypotheses. They can be used by analysts for plausible inferences about unknown coefficients when incomplete data or only partial information are available. Finally, these ideas can be helpful in the classroom when it is desirable to illustrate parallels between consumption economics and supply analysis.
Further Evidence on Soybean Marketing Strategies: The Role of Options
Authors: Frank Stuart D. , Irwin Scott H. , Pfeiffer George H. , Curtis Charles E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA recent analysis using futures hedges showed that portfolios of marketing strategies provided soybean producers higher, less risky expected returns. However, soybean options have recently become available to producers. Incorporating options strategies into portfolios of marketing activities improved the risk efficiency of expected returns by as much as 6.7 percent.
Controlling Farmland in the Red River Valley: A Stochastic Dominance Analysis of Alternative Means
Authors: Gustafson Cole R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA tenant farmer's preference for a cash vs. share rental arrangement is found to be highly conditional on the terms of each arrangement in a whole farm situation analysis of a representative North Dakota Red River Valley farm. Failure of landlords to contribute to the production expenses of share rent tenants, government commodity programs, multi‐peril crop insurance and tax provisions favor cash renting. Profitability of alternative land control strategies and methods of financing were evaluated using the criterion of stochastic dominance.
Using the Conservation Reserve to Reduce Program Crop Plantings
Authors: Taff Steven J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the policy instrument by which a land retirement program designed primarily for conservation purposes attempts to reduce surplus commodity production as well. A simple model incorporating the cropland allocation effects of entry into the federal Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is developed to estimate the reduction in aggregate crop acreage brought about under two program alternatives: (1) the “base bite,” which requires a reduction in a farm's commodity base as a condition of CRP entry (the current law) and (2) no base bite, which for planting reduction purposes would rely upon a “displacement” of acreage actually available for planting. Data from the first eight rounds of CRP bidding (through February 1989) show that the base bite reduces CRP entrants' aggregate annual program crop plantings by 14.9 million acres under 1987 program rules, while displacement would have reduced plantings by 13.1 million acres. Under “1990 rules” (no set‐aside required for participation), the base bite provision would reduce plantings by 19.6 million acres. Displacement is unaffected by set‐aside levels. If the base bite were removed, the concomitant lower opportunity costs of entry would result in either an increase in CRP acreage or a decrease in budget outlays, depending upon program administration.
Farm Operator Opinion and Agricultural Policy; Kansas Survey Results
Authors: Barkley Andrew P. , Flinchbaugh Barry L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractResults from a recent survey concerning Kansas farm operator opinions on farm and public policy views are presented and analyzed. The survey results indicate general support for the current agricultural commodity programs. Contentious issues include conservation and environmental policies, production risk and crop insurance, and international trade. Multinomial logit (regression) analysis reveals statistical relationships between operator characteristics (e.g. age, education, farm size) and policy views. Self‐interest is found to be a determinant of operator opinion by sales class.
The Impacts of Railroad Transportation Costs on Grain Elevator Handling Margins
Authors: Hanson Steven D. , Baumhover Stephen B. , Baumel C. Phillip 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA stratified random sample of grain elevators supplied grain bid and transportation cost data. These data are used to analyze the effects of various rail transportation costs on grain elevator handling margins for corn, soybean and wheat. Factors affecting transportation costs such as rail contracts, mileage allowances, and transportation mode are shown to have significant impacts on elevator handling margins and consequently need to be considered in any analysis attempting to explain grain handling margins.
Measuring Farm Sector Wealth and Income: Data Comparisons for Illinois Farms
Authors: Koenigstein Kevin W. , Lins David A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe farm sector balance sheet, income statement, and the Farm Costs and Returns Survey (FCRS) data are utilized to evaluate the financial conditions of American agriculture. This study compares estimated balance sheet and income statements using USDA and FCRS constructs with actual farm records for farms participating in the Farm Business Farm Management (FBFM) record‐keeping program. Results suggest a tendency for USDA and FCRS to report lower amounts of both assets and liabilities than FBFM records show, but this is explained in part by the inclusion of only farm business assets in the FCRS and USDA data sets. Income estimates do not vary greatly between the data sources.
A system for exact and approximate genetic linkage analysis of SNP data in large pedigrees
Authors: Silberstein Mark , Weissbrod Omer , Otten Lars , Tzemach Anna , Anisenia Andrei , Shtark Oren , Tuberg Dvir , Galfrin Eddie , Gannon Irena , Shalata Adel , Borochowitz Zvi U. , Dechter Rina , Thompson Elizabeth , Geiger Dan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMotivation: The use of dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data in genetic linkage analysis of large pedigrees is impeded by significant technical, methodological and computational challenges. Here we describe Superlink-Online SNP, a new powerful online system that streamlines the linkage analysis of SNP data. It features a fully integrated flexible processing workflow comprising both well-known and novel data analysis tools, including SNP clustering, erroneous data filtering, exact and approximate LOD calculations and maximum-likelihood haplotyping. The system draws its power from thousands of CPUs, performing data analysis tasks orders of magnitude faster than a single computer. By providing an intuitive interface to sophisticated state-of-the-art analysis tools coupled with high computing capacity, Superlink-Online SNP helps geneticists unleash the potential of SNP data for detecting disease genes.Results: Computations performed by Superlink-Online SNP are automatically parallelized using novel paradigms, and executed on unlimited number of private or public CPUs. One novel service is large-scale approximate Markov Chain–Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis. The accuracy of the results is reliably estimated by running the same computation on multiple CPUs and evaluating the Gelman–Rubin Score to set aside unreliable results. Another service within the workflow is a novel parallelized exact algorithm for inferring maximum-likelihood haplotyping. The reported system enables genetic analyses that were previously infeasible. We demonstrate the system capabilities through a study of a large complex pedigree affected with metabolic syndrome.Availability: Superlink-Online SNP is freely available for researchers at http://cbl-hap.cs.technion.ac.il/superlink-snp. The system source code can also be downloaded from the system website.Contact: omerw@cs.technion.ac.ilSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Scaffolding low quality genomes using orthologous protein sequences
Authors: Li Yang I. , Copley Richard R. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Motivation: The ready availability of next-generation sequencing has led to a situation where it is easy to produce very fragmentary genome assemblies. We present a pipeline, SWiPS (Scaffolding With Protein Sequences), that uses orthologous proteins to improve low quality genome assemblies. The protein sequences are used as guides to scaffold existing contigs, while simultaneously allowing the gene structure to be predicted by homology.
Results: To perform, SWiPS does not depend on a high N50 or whole proteins being encoded on a single contig. We tested our algorithm on simulated next-generation data from Ciona intestinalis, real next-generation data from Drosophila melanogaster, a complex genome assembly of Homo sapiens and the low coverage Sanger sequence assembly of Callorhinchus milii. The improvements in N50 are of the order of ∼20% for the C.intestinalis and H.sapiens assemblies, which is significant, considering the large size of intergenic regions in these eukaryotes. Using the CEGMA pipeline to assess the gene space represented in the genome assemblies, the number of genes retrieved increased by &gt;110% for C.milii and from 20 to 40% for C.intestinalis. The scaffold error rates are low: 85–90% of scaffolds are fully correct, and &gt;95% of local contig joins are correct.
Availability: SWiPS is available freely for download at http://www.well.ox.ac.uk/∼yli142/swips.html.
Contact: yang.li@well.ox.ac.uk or copley@well.ox.ac.uk
Does Management Matter? Evidence from India
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Authors: Bloom Nicholas , Eifert Benn , Mahajan Aprajit , McKenzie David , Roberts John 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A long-standing question is whether differences in management practices across firms can explain differences in productivity, especially in developing countries where these spreads appear particularly large. To investigate this, we ran a management field experiment on large Indian textile firms. We provided free consulting on management practices to randomly chosen treatment plants and compared their performance to a set of control plants. We find that adopting these management practices raised productivity by 17% in the first year through improved quality and efficiency and reduced inventory, and within three years led to the opening of more production plants. Why had the firms not adopted these profitable practices previously? Our results suggest that informational barriers were the primary factor explaining this lack of adoption. Also, because reallocation across firms appeared to be constrained by limits on managerial time, competition had not forced badly managed firms to exit.
Distinguishing between direct and indirect effects of predators in complex ecosystems
Authors: O'Connor Nessa E. , Emmerson Mark C. , Crowe Tasman P. , Donohue Ian 
Published: November 2012

Summary1.Global declines in biodiversity have stimulated much research into the consequences of species loss for ecosystems and the goods and services they provide. Species at higher trophic levels are at greater risk of human‐induced extinction yet remarkably little is known about the effects of consumer species loss across multiple trophic levels in natural complex ecosystems. Previous studies have been criticized for lacking experimental realism and appropriate temporal scale, running for short periods that are not sufficient to detect many of the mechanisms operating in the field.2.We manipulated the presence of two predator species and two groups of their prey (primary consumers) and measured their independent and interactive effects on primary producers in a natural marine benthic system. The presence of predators and their prey was manipulated in the field for 14 months to distinguish clearly the direct and indirect effects of predators on primary producers and to identify mechanisms driving responses.3.We found that the loss of either predator species had indirect negative effects on species diversity and total cover of primary producers. These cascading effects of predator species loss were mediated by the presence of intermediate consumers. Moreover, the presence of different intermediate consumers, irrespective of the presence or absence of their predators, determined primary producer assemblage structure. We identified direct negative effects of predators on their prey and several indirect effects of predators on primary producers but not all interactions could have been predicted based on trophic level.4.Our findings demonstrate the importance of trophic cascade effects coupled with non‐trophic interactions when predicting the effects of loss of predator species on primary producers and consequently for ecosystem functioning. There is a pressing need for improved understanding of the effects of loss of consumers, based on realistic scenarios of diversity loss, to test conceptual frameworks linking predator diversity to variation in ecosystem functioning and for the protection of biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and related services.
Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Enterococcus strains isolated from Turkish Tulum cheese
Authors: Yogurtcu Nazli N , Tuncer Yasin 
Published: November 2012

The aim of this study was to detect the plasmid profiles, haemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 47 Enterococcus strains isolated from Turkish Tulum cheese. Enterococcus strains were found to comprise 1–9 plasmids with molecular weight from 2.0 to 47.6 kb. None of the Enterococcus strains displayed haemolytic activity. The Enterococcus strains were found mostly resistant to tetracycline (30 μg) followed by high‐level streptomycin (300 μg). The Enterococcus faecalis strains were found to be highly resistant to antibiotics than Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus durans strains. In total, 4.3% of the strains exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance patterns.
A rising generation of Europeans? Life‐cycle and cohort effects on support for ‘Europe’
Authors: Down Ian , Wilson Carole J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDespite much research on age and attitudes, it remains unclear whether age reflects accumulated life experience or conditions prevailing during an individual's formative years – that is, a life‐cycle effect or a cohort effect. In respect to attitudes towards the European Union (EU), the issue is particularly important. Although many analyses indicate a correlation between age and support, the relationship has not been adequately theorised and extant analyses have generated contradictory results. In this article, theoretical expectations for both life‐cycle and cohort effects on support for the EU are developed and tested using a cross random effects model. This not only identifies the nature of an age‐support relationship, but also highlights substantial generational differences in attitudes towards European integration and explains the inconsistencies in extant empirical analyses.
Oleoylethanolamide dose‐dependently attenuates cocaine‐induced behaviours through a PPARα receptor‐independent mechanism
Authors: Bilbao Ainhoa , Blanco Eduardo , Luque‐Rojas María Jesús , Suárez Juan , Palomino Ana , Vida Margarita , Araos Pedro , Bermúdez‐Silva Francisco J. , Fernández‐Espejo Emilio , Spanagel Rainer , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an acylethanolamide that acts as an agonist of nuclear peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) to exert their biological functions, which include the regulation of appetite and metabolism. Increasing evidence also suggests that OEA may participate in the control of reward‐related behaviours. However, direct experimental evidence for the role of the OEA‐PPARα receptor interaction in drug‐mediated behaviours, such as cocaine‐induced behavioural phenotypes, is lacking. The present study explored the role of OEA and its receptor PPARα on the psychomotor and rewarding responsiveness to cocaine using behavioural tests indicative of core components of addiction. We found that acute administration of OEA (1, 5 or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced spontaneous locomotor activity and attenuated psychomotor activation induced by cocaine (20 mg/kg) in C57Bl/6 mice. However, PPARα receptor knockout mice showed normal sensitization, although OEA was capable of reducing behavioural sensitization with fewer efficacies. Furthermore, conditioned place preference and reinstatement to cocaine were intact in these mice. Our results indicate that PPARα receptor does not play a critical, if any, role in mediating short‐ and long‐term psychomotor and rewarding responsiveness to cocaine. However, further research is needed for the identification of the targets of OEA for its inhibitory action on cocaine‐mediated responses.
Systematic review of record linkage studies of mortality in ex‐prisoners: why (good) methods matter
Authors: Kinner Stuart A. , Forsyth Simon , Williams Gail 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsWorld‐wide, more than 30 million people move through prisons annually. Record linkage studies have identified an increased risk of death in ex‐prisoners. In order to inform preventive interventions it is necessary to understand who is most at risk, when and why. Limitations of existing studies have rendered synthesis and interpretation of this literature difficult. The aim of this study was to describe methodological characteristics of existing studies and make recommendations for the design, analysis and reporting of future studies.MethodsSystematic review of studies using record linkage to explore mortality in ex‐prisoners. Based on analysis of these studies we illustrate how methodological limitations and heterogeneity of design, analysis and reporting both hamper data synthesis and create potential for misinterpretation of findings. Using data from a recent Australian study involving 42 015 ex‐prisoners and 2329 observed deaths, we quantify the variation in findings associated with various approaches.ResultsWe identified 29 publications based on 25 separate studies published 1998–2011, mainly from the United Kingdom, United States and Australia. Mortality estimates varied systematically according to features of study design and data analysis. A number of common, avoidable and significant methodological limitations were identified. Substantial heterogeneity in study design, methods of data analysis and reporting of findings was observed.ConclusionsRecord linkage studies examining mortality in ex‐prisoners show widely varying estimates that are influenced substantially by avoidable methodological limitations and reducible heterogeneity. Future studies should adopt best practice methods and more consistent methods of analysis and reporting, to maximize policy relevance and impact.