bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent offenders' experiences of father involvement in a South African context
Authors: Labuschagne Louis J. , Koen Vicki , Daniel‐Smit Jessica 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe study's aim was to explore and describe adolescent offenders' experiences of their fathers' involvement before and during their own incarceration in a South African context.BackgroundResearch on father involvement is focused predominantly on adult offenders' experiences of father involvement without emphasis on adolescents' experiences regarding father involvement, including in a South African context.MethodsA qualitative explorative‐descriptive research design was employed. A nonprobability, purposive sampling technique was used, and the sample size was determined through data saturation. The sample included nine male adolescents between the ages of 17 and 19 years from a correctional center in Pretoria, South Africa. Semistructured individual interviews and drawings made by participants were used as the data collection methods and data were analyzed thematically.ResultsTwo main themes with subthemes were identified: Experiences of father absence before and/or during incarceration and desires for and suggestions to improve father involvement.ConclusionThe findings are primarily indicative of the general lack of father involvement and fatherly support experienced by participants.ImplicationsThe findings highlight the need for adolescent offenders to have access to counseling or therapy and intervention programs suitable for juvenile correctional centers focusing specifically on providing young, incarcerated, male adolescents with paternal role models that can help foster a sense of ethical and moral guidance and provision of different forms of support. Father intervention programs including men's talks, motivational speaking, and psychoeducational programs to advise fathers on how to be more involved in their children's lives are recommended.
Insufficient and biased representation of species geographic responses to climate change
Authors: Parker Evan J. , Weiskopf Sarah R. , Oliver Ruth Y. , Rubenstein Madeleine A. , Jetz Walter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe geographic redistributions of species due to a rapidly changing climate are poised to perturb ecological communities and significantly impact ecosystems and human livelihoods. Effectively managing these biological impacts requires a thorough understanding of the patterns and processes of species geographic range shifts. While substantial recent redistributions have been identified and recognized to vary by taxon, region, and range geometry, there are large gaps and biases in the available evidence. Here, we use the largest compilation of geographic range change observations to date, comprised of 33,016 potential redistributions across 12,009 species, to formally assess within‐ and cross‐species coverage and biases and to motivate future data collection. We find that species coverage varies strongly by taxon and underrepresents species at high and low latitudes. Within species, assessments of potential redistributions came from parts of their geographic range that were highly uneven and non‐representative. For most species and taxa, studies were strongly biased toward the colder parts of species' distributions and thus significantly underrepresented populations that might get pushed beyond their maximum temperature limits. Coverage of potential leading and trailing geographic range edges under a changing climate was similarly uneven. Only 8% of studied species were assessed at both high and low latitude and elevation range edges, with most only covered at one edge. This suggests that substantial within‐species biases exacerbate the considerable geographic and taxonomic among‐species unevenness in evidence. Our results open the door for a more quantitative accounting for existing knowledge biases in climate change ecology and a more informed management and conservation. Our findings offer guidance for future data collection that better addresses information gaps and provides a more effective foundation for managing the biological impacts of climate change.
Upscaling miscanthus production in the United Kingdom: The benefits, challenges, and trade‐offs
Authors: Hodgson E. M. , McCalmont J. , Rowe R. , Whitaker J. , Holder A. , Clifton‐Brown J. C. , Thornton J. , Hastings A. , Robson P. R. H. , Webster R. J. , Farrar K. , Donnison I. S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe UK sixth carbon budget has recommended domestic biomass supply should increase to meet growing demand, planting a minimum of 30,000 hectares of perennial energy crops a year by 2035, with a view to establishing 700,000 hectares by 2050 to meet the requirements of the balanced net zero pathway. Miscanthus is a key biomass crop to scale up domestic biomass production in the United Kingdom. A cohesive land management strategy, based on robust evidence, will be required to ensure upscaling of miscanthus cultivation maximizes the environmental and economic benefits and minimizes undesirable consequences. This review examines research into available land areas, environmental impacts, barriers to uptake, and the challenges, benefits, and trade‐offs required to upscale miscanthus production on arable land and grassland in the United Kingdom. Expansion of perennial biomass crops has been considered best restricted to marginal land, less suited to food production. The review identifies a trade‐off between avoiding competition with food production and a risk of encroaching on areas containing high‐biodiversity or high‐carbon stocks, such as semi‐natural grasslands. If areas of land suitable for food production are needed to produce the biomass required for emission reduction, the review indicates there are multiple strategies for miscanthus to complement long‐term food security rather than compete with it. On arable land, a miscanthus rotation with a cycle length of 10–20 years can be employed as fallow period for fields experiencing yield decline, soil fatigue, or persistent weed problems. On improved grassland areas, miscanthus presents an option for diversification, flood mitigation, and water quality improvement. Strategies need to be developed to integrate miscanthus into farming systems in a way that is profitable, sensitive to local demand, climate, and geography, and complements rather than competes with food production by increasing overall farm profitability and resilience.
Patient preferences for preventive migraine treatments among Canadian adults: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Bougie Joanna K. , Krupsky Kathryn , Beusterien Kathleen , Ladouceur Marie‐Pier , Mulvihill Emily 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate preferences for key attributes of injected or infused preventive migraine treatments and assess heterogeneity in preferences among Canadian participants with migraine.BackgroundCurrent treatment options for migraine prevention differ in their attributes, including mode of administration, efficacy, and dosing frequency; preferences for such attributes can vary among patients. With the advent of new therapies, evidence demonstrating patient preferences for injected or infused preventive migraine treatments is necessary.MethodsCanadian adults self‐reporting a diagnosis of migraine completed a cross‐sectional, internet‐based survey that included a discrete choice experiment. Participants were presented with attributes of preventive migraine treatments, including speed of onset, durability of efficacy, mode of administration, administration setting, and dosing frequency. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify subgroups of patients who differed in their treatment preferences.ResultsIn total, 200 participants completed the survey. Participants’ treatment preferences were most sensitive to improvements in the durability of effectiveness from “wears off 2 weeks before next dose” to “does not wear off before the next dose” (absolute difference in weights = |−0.95 to 1.07| = 2.02) and improvements from “cranial injections” to “intravenous infusions” (|−1.04 to 0.58| = 1.62); participants equally preferred self‐injection and intravenous infusion from a health‐care provider (mean weight = 0.58 and 0.47, respectively) as a route of administration over cranial injections (mean weight = −1.04). Three subgroups were identified with LCA: group one (n = 103) prioritized fast‐acting and durable therapies, group two (n = 54) expressed aversion to cranial injections, and group three (n = 43) favored treatments administered in a health‐care provider setting.ConclusionsIn this sample of Canadian adults with migraine, we showed that durability of effectiveness and mode of administration are key attributes influencing patient preferences for preventive migraine treatments; however, certain groups of patients may differ in their treatment priorities. Our results highlight the need for patient–provider discussions regarding treatment attributes and consideration of patients’ preferences when selecting a preventive migraine treatment.
Development and Evaluation of a Framework for Authentic Online Co‐Design: Partnership‐Focussed Principles‐Driven Online Co‐Design
Authors: Coulston Free , Spittle Alicia , McDonald Cassie , Toovey Rachel , Cameron Kate L. , Attard Kimberley , Binstock Loni , Fletcher Isaac , Delaney Adie , Murphy Tayla , Keating Caroline , Sellick Kath 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionCo‐design in health research involves patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) in intervention or service design. Traditionally, co‐design is undertaken in‐person; however, exploring online delivery is warranted. PPIE in co‐design must be considered carefully, and assumptions that in‐person approaches will transition automatically to an online environment should be avoided. Currently, there are a lack of evidence‐informed approaches to facilitating co‐design online. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a framework for authentically adapting health research co‐design into an online environment.Materials and MethodsThe initial framework was developed through a literature review, synthesis of in‐person co‐design principles, and alignment of online strategies. The framework was then applied to a co‐design project with 10 participants across relevant PPIE groups (end‐users [n = 4], clinicians [n = 2], coaches [n = 2] and clinician−researchers [n = 2]). Participants' experiences of the online co‐design process were evaluated via a mixed‐methods design using surveys and semi‐structured interviews. Evaluation data were analysed using descriptive statistics and reflexive thematic analysis to inform a revised framework.ResultsThe developed framework, Partnership‐focussed Principles‐driven Online co‐Design (P‐POD) was used to design eight 90 min online co‐design workshops. Evaluation data involved 46 survey responses, and eight participants were interviewed on project completion. Survey data indicated that the process was satisfying, engaging and adhered to the P‐POD framework. Themes derived from interview data describe a respectful and collaborative online culture, valuing of diverse perspectives and space for healthy debate, how power was perceived as being shared but not equal and multiple definitions of success within and beyond the process. A final, refined P‐POD framework is presented.ConclusionWith evaluation of the initial P‐POD framework showing evidence of adherence to co‐design principles, positive participant experiences and goal achievement for both the project and the participants, the refined P‐POD framework may be used and evaluated within future intervention or service design.Patient or Public ContributionThis study involved the participants (end‐users, clinicians and service providers) in the co‐design process described, interpretation of the results through member‐checking interview responses, assisting in development of the final framework and as co‐authors for this manuscript.
Exploring access cavity through non‐carious cervical lesions: Impacts on instrumentation, obturation, and fracture resistance in mandibular incisors
Authors: Silva Emmanuel J. N. L. , Vianna Patrícia S. , Lima Carolina O. , Barbosa Ana Flávia A. , Vieira Victor T. L. , Versiani Marco A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo compare the effects of Cervical Access Cavity (CervAC) and Traditional Access Cavity (TradAC) on root canal preparation, root canal filling, and fracture resistance in mandibular incisors.MethodologyTwenty recently extracted and intact mandibular incisors were initially scanned using a micro‐CT device. The specimens were anatomically matched to create two groups (n = 10). A wedge‐shaped non‐carious cervical lesion (NCCL) was created on the buccal aspect of all teeth using a double‐faced segmented diamond disc. In group 1, a TradAC was prepared, whilst in group 2, access was created through the simulated NCCL using a round diamond bur 1012. After root canal preparation with Rotate instruments sizes 15/0.04, 20/0.04, and 25/0.04, the teeth were scanned again and evaluated for root canal volume and surface area, static voxels, volume of removed dental tissue, and dentine thickness. After that, the root canals were filled using the single‐cone technique, teeth were restored with composite resin, and subsequently rescanned to calculate the volume of filling materials and voids. Then, the restored teeth were subjected to fracture resistance tests using a universal testing machine. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed with the Mann–Whitney test or the Student's t‐test, with a statistical significance level of 5%.ResultsStatistical comparisons indicated no significant differences between groups in terms of root canal volume, surface area, static voxels, removed root dentine, root canal filling volume, percentage of voids, or fracture resistance load (p > .05). Conversely, teeth prepared with TradAC showed a significantly higher percentage of dental tissue removed from the crown (p = .001) and a greater volume of filling material remnants in the pulp chamber (p < .001) compared to the CervAC group. A significantly lower percentage reduction in dentine thickness was observed only on the mesial aspect of root at Level 1 in TradAC group (p = .008).ConclusionsCervAC can be considered a viable alternative approach in the presence of NCCL in mandibular incisors.
The puzzle of loneliness: A sociostructural and transnational analysis of International Chinese Students' networks in Germany
Authors: Bilecen Başak , Diekmann Isabell , Faist Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe experience of loneliness is common among international students who study in a foreign country, away from their home. Loneliness refers to the difference between the actual and desired social relationships highlighting not only the quantity but also the quality of relationships. We argue for a perspective on loneliness that emphasizes its social context rather than relying mainly on individualistic or psychological interpretations prevalent thus far. In this article, we explore network predictors of loneliness among Chinese international students in Germany. Through our analysis of a unique data set, we show that when compared to the local students, international students tend to feel lonelier. Surprisingly, when we discover that when international students have the same network size, those with more emotionally supportive ties tend to experience more loneliness compared to those with fewer emotionally supportive ties. Not surprisingly, having a romantic partner is associated with lower levels of loneliness, especially when they also live in the country of education. Additionally, we find that international Chinese students who struggle to form cross‐national friendships report higher levels of loneliness. By delving into these findings, our research offers a sociological account of loneliness among international Chinese and local students in Germany.
Measurement of basic psychological needs for physical activity participation for college students with intellectual disabilities: A validation study
Authors: Sur Myung Ha , Shapiro Deborah R. , Li Hongli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMeasurement instruments to understand self‐determined motivation towards physical activity among college students with intellectual disabilities are needed to develop programs to support physical and psychological health and well‐being. The purpose of the current study was to validate a modified questionnaire measuring basic psychological needs towards physical activity among college students with intellectual disabilities.MethodsA total of 108 college students with intellectual disabilities completed the modified questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was examined.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a six‐factor model had good model fit. Cronbach's alpha values showed acceptable reliability evidence of the instrument as a whole, although some alpha values in subdomains of the instrument were below acceptable values.ConclusionThe modified questionnaire was found to have acceptable validity evidence. Further studies are needed with refinement of answer options and the addition of more questions to increase reliability.
Integrating otolith and genetic tools to reveal intraspecific biodiversity in a highly impacted salmon population
Authors: Willmes Malte , Sturrock Anna M. , Cordoleani Flora , Hugentobler Sara , Meek Mariah H. , Whitman George , Evans Kimberly , Palkovacs Eric P. , Stauffer‐Olsen Natalie J. , Johnson Rachel C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntraspecific biodiversity is vital for species persistence in an increasingly volatile world. By embracing methods that integrate information at different spatiotemporal scales, we can directly monitor and reconstruct changes in intraspecific biodiversity. Here we combined genetics and otolith biochronologies to describe the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Yuba River, California, comparing cohorts that experienced a range of hydroclimatic conditions. Yuba River salmon have been heavily impacted by habitat loss and degradation, and large influxes of unmarked hatchery fish each year have led to concern about introgression and uncertainty around the viability of its wild populations, particularly the rarer spring‐run salmon. Otolith strontium isotopes showed that Yuba River origin fish represented, on average, 42% (range 7%–73%) of spawners across six return years (2009–2011, 2018–2020), with large interannual variability. The remainder of adult Chinook salmon in the river were primarily strays from the nearby Feather River hatchery, and since 2018 from the Mokelumne River hatchery. Among the Yuba‐origin spawners, on average, 30% (range 14%–50%) exhibited the spring‐run genotype. The Yuba‐origin fish also displayed a variety of outmigration phenotypes that differed in the timing and size at which they left the Yuba river. Early‐migrating fry dominated the returns (mean 59%, range 33%–89%), and their contribution rates were negatively correlated with freshwater flows. It is unlikely that fry survival rates are elevated during droughts, suggesting that this trend reflects disproportionately low survival of larger later migrating parr, smolts, and yearlings along the migratory corridor in drier years. Otolith daily increments indicated generally faster growth rates in non‐natal habitats, emphasizing the importance of continuing upstream restoration efforts to improve in‐river growing conditions. Together, these findings show that, despite a long history of habitat degradation and hatchery introgression, the Yuba River maintains intraspecific biodiversity that should be taken into account in future management, restoration, and reintroduction plans. The finding that genotypic spring‐run are reproducing, surviving, and returning to the Yuba River every year suggests that re‐establishment of an independent population is possible, although hatchery‐wild interactions would need to be carefully considered. Integrating methods is critical to monitor changes in key genetic, physiological, and behavioral traits to assess population viability and resilience.
Exploring the potential of omega‐3 fatty acids in acne patients: A prospective intervention study
Authors: Guertler Anne , Neu Katharina , Lill Diana , Clanner‐Engelshofen Benjamin , French Lars E. , Reinholz Markus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundOmega‐3 fatty acids (ω‐3 FA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential nutrients known for their anti‐inflammatory properties, which involve reducing pro‐inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids, and insulin‐like growth factor‐1. This suggests their potential to alleviate acne severity, especially when deficits are present.AimsTo elevate EPA/DHA levels in acne patients through dietary intervention and supplementation, observing subsequent clinical effects.MethodsOver 16 weeks, 60 patients without prescription medication (n = 23 acne comedonica [AC], n = 37 acne papulopustulosa [AP]) adhered to a Mediterranean diet, incorporating oral algae‐derived ω‐3 FA supplementation (600 mg DHA/300 mg EPA week 1–8, 800 mg DHA/400 mg EPA week 8–16). At four visits (V1–V4), blood EPA/DHA levels were tracked using the HS‐omega 3 index® (EPA/DHA (%) of total identified fatty acids in erythrocytes; target 8%–11%, deficit <8%, severe deficit <4%), alongside clinical assessments and standardized questionnaires.ResultsAt baseline, 98.3% of patients had an EPA/DHA deficit, with the mean HS‐omega 3 index® rising from 4.9% at V1 to 8.3% at V4 (p < 0.001). AC showed significantly higher indices than AP at V4 (p = 0.035). Objective improvements in both inflammatory and non‐inflammatory lesions were observed (p < 0.001). While self‐reported appearance worsened in four patients, overall quality of life improved (p < 0.001), particularly in AP. Dietary triggers were more clearly defined than beneficial foods. Intake of cow's milk and dairy products reduced (p < 0.001). Compliance was good; no adverse events were reported.ConclusionMany acne patients have a ω‐3 FA deficit. The HS‐omega 3 index® can be increased by a Mediterranean diet and oral supplementation with algae‐derived ω‐3 FA. Acne severity improved significantly in patients with target ω‐3 FA levels.
Animism, Eco‐Immanence, and Divine Transcendence: Toward an Integrated Religious Framework for Environmental Ethics
Authors: Haring James W. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIt is intuitive to think that divine transcendence is incompatible with the sacredness of nature, especially when transcendence is combined with the idea that God alone is valuable. Divine transcendence seems to demote this‐worldly values in favor of union with God in a disembodied afterlife. Divine transcendence also seems to legitimize hierarchies, including male–female and human‐nature hierarchies. Divine immanence seems a better alternative. This set of intuitions about transcendence appears regularly in the field of Religion and Ecology, sometimes as an implicit backdrop rather than an explicit position. This backdrop needs to be thematized and evaluated. For those with ecological concerns, divine transcendence and divine immanence need not be mutually exclusive. Rather, divine transcendence (understood non‐contrastively) complements divine immanence and is compatible with both animist and polytheist cosmologies. The extent of this mutual compatibility and its importance for environmental concerns has yet to be fully articulated.