bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive wetting behaviors of Sn/Cu systems: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Hsieh J. Y. , Chen J. L. , Chen C. , Lin H. C. , Yang S. S. , Hwang C. C. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Influences of temperature and Sn-Cu droplet’s composition on reactive wettings of Cu(100), Cu(110), and Cu(111) surfaces were analyzed, by using molecular dynamics (MD) calculations. As a result, the spreading on Cu(110)(Cu(100)) has the fastest (slowest) wetting kinetics. A higher temperature or a diluter Cu content in the Sn-Cu alloy droplet results in a higher wettability. Moreover, this work has addressed a theory for positioning the interface separating the liquidus and solidus alloys in the spreading film to confirm the hypothesis that the reactive wetting will come to the end when the interface saturates with the temperature-dependent solidus weight fraction of Cu.
Effects of source-drain underlaps on the performance of silicon nanowire on insulator transistors
Authors: Bhowmick Sishir , Alam Khairul 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The effects of source-drain underlaps on the performance of a top gate silicon nanowire on insulator transistor are studied using a three dimensional (3D) self-consistent Poisson-Schrodinger quantum simulation. Voltage-controlled tunnel barrier is the device transport physics. The off current, the on/off current ratio, and the inverse subthreshold slope are improved while the on current is degraded with underlap. The physics behind this behavior is the modulation of a tunnel barrier with underlap. The underlap primarily affects the tunneling component of drain current. About 50% contribution to the gate capacitance comes from the fringing electric fields emanating from the gate metal to the source and drain. The gate capacitance reduces with underlap, which should reduce the intrinsic switching delay and increase the intrinsic cut-off frequency. However, both the on current and the transconductance reduce with underlap, and the consequence is the increase of delay and the reduction of cut-off frequency.
Rigid polyurethane foam reinforced with cellulose whiskers: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Li Yang , Ren Hongfeng , Ragauskas Arthur J. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A novel nanocomposite of rigid polyurethane foam was prepared by the polymerization of a sucrose-based polyol, a glycerol-based polyol and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in the presence of cellulose whiskers. The cell morphology of the resulting foams was examined by scanning electron microscopy which showed both the pure foam and the nanocomposite foam had homogeneous cell dispersion and uniform cell size of approximately 200 μm. Analysis of the foams by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated that both samples exhibited signals attributed to the polyurethane including the NH stretching and bending vibrations at 3320 cm−1 and 1530 cm−1, the OC=O vibration at 1730 cm−1 and the CO-NH vibration at 1600 cm−1. FT-IR analysis of the nanocomposite indicated that cellulose whiskers were crosslinked with the polyurethane matrix as the signal intensity of the OH stretch at 3500 cm−1 was significantly reduced in comparison to the spectral data acquired for a control sample prepared from the pure polyurethane foam mixed with cellulose whiskers. According to ASTM standard testing procedures, the tensile modulus, tensile strength and yield strength of the nanocomposite foam were found to be improved by 36.8%, 13.8% and 15.2%, and the compressive modulus and strength were enhanced by 179.9% and 143.4%, respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis results testified the improvements of mechanical properties and showed a better thermal stability of the nanocomposite foam.
Fabrication of multi-level 3-dimension microstructures by phase inversion process
Authors: Song Y. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
One process based on phase inversion of fillers in microstructures for the fabrication of multi-level three-dimensional (3-D) microstructures is described using SU-8, a kind of epoxy photoresist, as the model constructing materials. This process is depicted by use of the routine photolithography technique to construct the top layer of 3-D microstructures on the bottom layer of 3-D microstructures layer by layer. This process makes it possible to fabricate multi-level 3-D microstructures with connectors at desired locations, and to seal long span microstructures (e.g. very shallow channels with depth less than 50 μm and width more than 300 μm) without blockage. In addition, this process can provide a sealing layer by the solidification of a liquid polymer layer, which can be as strong as the bulk constructing materials for microstructures due to a complete contact and cross-linking between the sealing layer and the patterned layers. The hydrodynamic testing indicates that this kind of sealing and interconnection can endure a static pressure of more than 10 MPa overnight and a hydrodynamic pressure drop of about 5.3 MPa for more than 8 hours by pumping the tetrahydrofuran solution through a 60 μm wide micro-channels.
Synthesis, characterizations and hydrophobicity of micro/nano scaled heptadecafluorononanoic acid decorated copper nanoparticle
Authors: Chen Hung-Hsia , Anbarasan R. , Kuo Long-Sheng , Tsai Meng-Yu , Chen Ping-Hei , Chiang Kuei-Feng 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Copper nanoparticle was synthesized in the presence of heptadecafluorononanoic acid by the conventional solution immersion method at room temperature from the copper plate, as a resource material. The bulk etching rate was calculated by the weight loss method. The pale green colored Cu-HDFN was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and contact angle measurements and the results are critically analyzed.
Extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dried leaves of pongamia pinnata (L) pierre
Authors: Raut Rajesh W. , Kolekar Niranjan S. , Lakkakula Jaya R. , Mendhulkar Vijay D. , Kashid Sahebrao B. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Extract of oven dried leaves of Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierre was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Stable and crystalline silver nanoparticles were formed by the treatment of aqueous solution of AgNO3 (1mM) with dried leaf extract of Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierre. UV-visible spectroscopy studies were carried out to quantify the formation of silver nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the silver nanoparticles. TEM image divulges that silver nanoparticles are quite polydispersed, the size ranging from 20 nm to 50 nm with an average of 38 nm. Water soluble heterocyclic compounds such as flavones were mainly responsible for the reduction and stabilization of the nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were effective against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538p), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical isolate). The move towards extracellular synthesis using dried biomass appears to be cost effective, eco-friendly to the conventional methods of nanoparticles synthesis.
A low-voltage and energy-efficient full adder cell based on carbon nanotube technology
Authors: Navi Keivan , Rad Rabe’e Sharifi , Moaiyeri Mohammad Hossein , Momeni Amir 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Scaling problems and limitations of conventional silicon transistors have led the designers to exploit novel nano-technologies. One of the most promising and feasible nano-technologies is CNT (Carbon Nanotube) based transistors. In this paper, a high-speed and energy-efficient CNFET (Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor) based Full Adder cell is proposed for nanotechnology. This design is simulated in various supply voltages, frequencies and load capacitors using HSPICE circuit simulator. Significant improvement is achieved in terms of speed and PDP (Power-Delay-Product) in comparison with other classical and state-of-the-art CMOS and CNFET-based designs, existing in the literature. The proposed Full Adder can also drive large load capacitance and works properly in low supply voltages.
Low-energy electronic states of carbon nanocones in an electric field
Authors: Chen Jun-Liang , Su Ming-Horng , Hwang Chi-Chuan , Lu Jian-Ming , Tsai Chia-Chang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The low-energy electronic states and energy gaps of carbon nanocones in an electric field are studied using a single-π-band tight-binding model. The analysis considers five perfect carbon nanocones with disclination angles of 60°, 120°, 180°, 240° and 300°, respectively. The numerical results reveal that the low-energy electronic states and energy gaps of a carbon nanocones are highly sensitive to its geometric shape (i.e. the disclination angle and height), and to the direction and magnitude of an electric field. The electric field causes a strong modulation of the state energies and energy gaps of the nanocones, changes their Fermi levels, and induces zero-gap transitions. The energy-gap modulation effect becomes particularly pronounced at higher strength of the applied electric field, and is strongly related to the geometric structure of the nanocone.
Performance comparison of zero-Schottky-barrier and doped contacts carbon nanotube transistors with strain applied
Authors: Wahab Md. Abdul , Alam Khairul 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Atomistic quantum simulation is performed to compare the performance of zero-Schottky-barrier and doped source-drain contacts carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs) with strain applied. The doped source-drain contact CNTFETs outperform the Schottky contact devices with and without strain applied. The off-state current in both types of contact is similar with and without strain applied. This is because both types of contact offer very similar potential barrier in off-state. However, the on-state current in doped contact devices is much higher due to better modulation of on-state potential profile, and its variation with strain is sensitive to the device contact type. The on/off current ratio and the inverse subthreshold slope are better with doped source-drain contact, and their variations with strain are relatively less sensitive to the device contact type. The channel transconductance and device switching performance are much better with doped source-drain contact, and their variations with strain are sensitive to device contact type.
Preparation and growth mechanism of nickel nanowires under applied magnetic field
Authors: Wang J. , Zhang L. Y. , Liu P. , Lan T. M. , Zhang J. , Wei L. M. , Kong Eric Siu-Wai , Jiang C. H. , Zhang Y. F. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Nickel nanowires with large aspect ratio of up to 300 have been prepared by a hydrazine hydrate reduction method under applied magnetic field. The diameter of nickel nanowires is about 200 nm and length up to 60 μm. The role of magnetic field on the growth of magnetic nanowires is discussed and a magnetic nanowire growth mechanism has been proposed. Nickel ions are firstly reduced to nickel atoms by hydrazine hydrates in a strong alkaline solution and grow into tiny spherical nanoparticles. Then, these magnetic particles will align under a magnetic force and form linear chains. Furthermore, the as-formed chains can enhance the local magnetic field and attract other magnetic particles nearby, resulting finally as linear nanowires. The formation and the size of nanowires depend strongly on the magnitude of applied magnetic field.
Optical absorption and photoelectron collection properties of silicon wafers with conical quantum nanocrystals structure
Authors: Vashpanov Yuriy , Jeong Jae-Il 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A conical form of nano-sized quantum cluster was formed on the surface of p-type crystalline silicon [111] wafer by anode electrochemical etching in HF-based solution. The conical surface is highly effective in absorbing sunlight and transporting photoelectrons to semiconductor material. These are because each cone has a graded band gap with the energy level in the range from 1.1 to 3 eV which can be considered as consisting of quantum dots in different sizes. Since the boron concentration on the surface of each cone gradually decreases from top to bottom, a continuously varying electrical field is created along the cone height. This electric field is forcing photoelectrons generated in the cone to move rapidly to the direction perpendicular to wafer surface. Hence the drift time of photoelectrons can be less than their recombination time within the thin layer close to the bottom of the cone.
Reducing SU-8 hygroscopic swelling by ultrasonic treatment
Authors: Liqun Du , Benzhuang Zhang , Yaping Liu 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The volume expansion of SU-8 resist brings serious dimensional errors to electroformed structures. Two approaches have been proposed to reduce resist distortions during electroforming: electroforming at room temperature and adding auxiliary features for mask patterns. However, the former method induces higher internal stresses in the electroformed metal layers. And the latter method makes it difficult to predict the expansion behaviors of the resists. In the paper, the thermal expansion of the SU-8 mould is calculated by ANSYS firstly, and the lower thermal expansion value indicates that hygroscopic swelling plays a leading role in SU-8 mould distortions. An original technique is presented to reduce SU-8 hygroscopic swelling by ultrasonic treatment. The dimensional errors of the electroformed structure fabricated on the ultrasonic treatment mould are 50% lower than the one without ultrasonic treatment. Simulation of hygroscopic swelling is conducted by finite element analysis, and the results indicate that the hygroscopic strain ε of SU-8 after electroforming is declined from 6.8% to 3.1% because of ultrasonic. The measurements show that ultrasonic treatment increased the water contact angle of cured SU-8 from 70.8° to 74.9°. Based on these results, the mechanism of ultrasonic effect on hygroscopic swelling is proposed from the view of ultrasonic vibration decreasing the number of hydroxyl groups in SU-8. The research presents a novel method to improve the precisions of electroformed structures. It has no influence on the internal stresses of final structures and does not increase the complexities of mask layouts.
Controlling Diffusion by Varying Width of Layers in Nano Channel
Authors: Goyal Ishu , Srivastava Sunita , Tankeshwar K. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Diffusive dynamics of fluid forming layers of high and low density regions in a nanochannel has been investigated. Diffusion coefficient in direction parallel and perpendicular to the confining wall has been found to show behaviour which is not observed in micro channel or bulk systems. The behaviour of diffusion is found to be controlled by the width of layers formed in nanochannel due to wall and particle interactions. This is an important result as width of layers and hence flow of fluid inside nano pores/tube can be controlled by an external source.
Five New MVL Current Mode Differential Absolute Value Circuits Based on Carbon Nano-tube Field Effect Transistors (CNTFETs)
Authors: Jamalizadeh Mojtaba , Sharifi Fazel , Moaiyeri Mohammad Hossein , Navi Keivan , Hashemipour Omid 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Carbon Nano-Tube Field Effect Transistors (CNTFETs) are being widely studied as possible successors to silicon MOSFETs. Using current mode has many advantages such as performing sum operation by means of a simple wired connection. Also, direction of the current can be used to exhibit the sign of digits. It is expected that the advantages of current mode approaches will become even more important with increased speed requirements and decreased supply voltage. In this paper, we present five new circuit designs for differential absolute value in current mode logic which have been simulated by CNTFET model. The considered base current for this model is 2 µA and supply voltage is 0.9 V. In all of our designs we used N-type CNTFET current mirrors which operate as truncated difference circuits. The operation of Differential Absolute Value circuit calculates the difference between two input currents and our circuit designs are operate in 8 logic levels.
High Oxygen Nanocomposite Barrier Films Based on Xylan and Nanocrystalline Cellulose
Authors: Saxena Amit , Elder Thomas J. , Kenvin Jeffrey , Ragauskas Arthur J. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The goal of this work is to produce nanocomposite film with low oxygen permeability by casting an aqueous solution containing xylan, sorbitol and nanocrystalline cellulose. The morphology of the resulting nanocomposite films was examined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy which showed that control films containing xylan and sorbitol had a more open structure as compared to xylan-sorbitol films containing sulfonated nanocrystalline cellulose. The average pore diameter, bulk density, porosity and tortuosity factor measurements of control xylan films and nanocomposite xylan films were examined by mercury intrusion porosimetry techniques. Xylan films reinforced with nanocrystalline cellulose were denser and exhibited higher tortuosity factor than the control xylan films. Control xylan films had average pore diameter, bulk density, porosity and tortuosity factor of 0.1730 µm, 0.6165 g/ml, 53.0161% and 1.258, respectively as compared to xylan films reinforced with 50% nanocrystalline cellulose with average pore diameter of 0.0581 µm, bulk density of 1.1513 g/ml, porosity of 22.8906% and tortuosity factor of 2.005. Oxygen transmission rate tests demonstrated that films prepared with xylan, sorbitol and 5%, 10%, 25% and 50% sulfonated nanocrystalline cellulose exhibited a significantly reduced oxygen permeability of 1.1387, 1.0933, 0.8986 and 0.1799 cm3·µm/m2·d·kPa respectively with respect to films prepared solely from xylan and sorbitol with a oxygen permeability of 189.1665 cm3·µm/m2·d·kPa. These properties suggested these nanocomposite films have promising barrier properties.
Optimised NSAIDs-loaded Biocompatible Nanoparticles
Authors: Roullin V. Gaëlle , Callewaert Maïté , Molinari Michaël , Delavoie Franck , Seconde Aurélie , Andry Marie-Christine 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this formulation study, biocompatible non steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs)-loaded nanoparticles were designed as models to be further integrated in a prosthesis surface functionalization. A modified spontaneous emulsion-solvent diffusion methodology was used to produce drug-loaded PLGA nanoparticles without any purification or solvent evaporation requirements. Formulation parameters, such as lactide/glycolide ratio, polymer concentration, solvent/non solvent ratio and non solvent phase, as well as the non ionic tensioactive P188 co-precipitation composition were systematically explored. The optimized formulation (mean size: 145 nm, surface charge: −13 mV) was employed to encapsulate various amounts of NSAIDs in a simple and scalable manner. The drug release was characterized in vitro by a complete release for 48 h. These results encourage upcoming preliminary steps for in vivo experiments of prosthesis surface functionalization.
Structural and Optical Characteristics of Silica Nanotubes Using CNTs as Template
Authors: Malekfar Rasoul , Rajabi M. Hassan , Majless Ara M. Hossein 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Silica coated multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), silica@MWCNTs and nanocomposites were synthesized by a sol-gel method. By using the synthesized nanocomposites and also CNTs as templates, silica nanotubes (silica-NTs) were prepared. The optical properties of fabricated nanocomposites and nanotubes were characterized by back-scattering micro Raman, UV/Vis/NIR and FT-IR spectra, which show the presence of CNTs structure in the nanocomposites. UV/Vis/NIR and FT-IR spectra also show the presence of silica compounds. The recorded spectra from UV/Vis/NIR and FT-IR also confirm the presence of silica compounds in the nanotubes. The results of FE-SEM imaging data indicate that the synthesized samples are MWCNTs coated uniformly by silica molecules, which act as the template to synthesize silica-NTs.
Fabrication of a Highly Sensitive Hydrazine Electrochemical Sensor Based on Bimetallic Au-Pt Hybrid Nanocomposite onto Modified Electrode
Authors: Azadbakht Azadeh , Abbasi Amir Reza 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this research a novel nickel complex was used as electrocatalyst for electrooxidation of hydrazine. A nano-structured nickel-complex was electrodeposited on a bimetallic Au-Pt inorganic-organic hybrid nanocomposite modified electrode. The electrode possesses a three-dimensional (3D) porous network nanoarchitecture, in which the bimetallic Au-Pt NPs serving as metal nanoparticle based microelectrode ensembles are distributed in the matrix of interlaced 3, 3′, 5, 5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) organic nanofibers (NFs). Surface structure and composition of the sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine on the surface of modified electrode was investigated with cyclic voltammetry method. The results showed that the nickel-complex films displayed excellent electrochemical catalytic activities towards hydrazine oxidation. The hydrodynamic amperometry at rotating modified electrode at constant potential versus reference electrode was used for detection of hydrazine. Under optimized conditions the calibration plots were linear in the concentration range of 0.2–85 μM and detection limit was found to be 0.1 μM. The modified electrode exhibited reproducible behavior and a high level stability during the electrochemical experiments, making it particularly suitable for the analytical purposes.
Global Public Health Impact of Recovered Supplies from Operating Rooms: A Critical Analysis with National Implications
Authors: Wan Eric L. , Xie Li , Barrett Miceile , Baltodano Pablo A. , Rivadeneira Andres F. , Noboa Jonathan , Silver Maya , Zhou Richard , Cho Suzy , Tam Tammie , Yurter Alp , Gentry Carol , Palacios Jorge , Rosson Gedge D. , Redett Richard J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn modern operating rooms, clean and unused medical supplies are routinely discarded and can be effectively recovered and redistributed abroad to alleviate the environmental burden of donor hospitals and to generate substantial health benefits at resource‐poor recipient institutions.MethodsWe established a recovery and donation program to collect clean and unused supplies for healthcare institutions in developing nations. We analyzed items donated over a 3‐year period (September 2010–November 2013) by quantity and weight, and estimated the projected value of the program under potential nationwide participation. To capture the health benefits attributable to the donated supplies at recipient institutions, we partnered with two tertiary‐care centers in Guayaquil, Ecuador and conducted a pilot study on the utility of the donated supplies at the recipient institutions (October 2013). We determined the disability‐adjusted life years (DALY) averted for all patients undergoing procedures involving donated items and estimated the annual attributable DALY as well as the cost per DALY averted both by supply and by procedure.ResultsApproximately, 2 million lbs (907,185 kg) per year of medical supplies are recoverable from large non‐rural US academic medical centers. Of these supplies, 19 common categories represent a potential for donation worth US $15 million per year, at a cost‐utility of US $2.14 per DALY averted.ConclusionsHospital operating rooms continue to represent a large source of recoverable surgical supplies that have demonstrable health benefits in the recipient communities. Cost‐effective recovery and need‐based donation programs can significantly alleviate the global burden of surgical diseases.