bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Application of Electrical-Joule-Heating Simulator for Heavy-Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Lashgari Hamid R. , Delshad Mojdeh , Sepehrnoori Kamy , de Rouffignac Eric 
Published: April 2015

Summary
In the electrical-Joule-heating process, the reservoirs are heated in situ by dissipation of electrical energy to reduce the viscosity of oil. In principle, electrical current passes through the reservoir fluids mostly because of the electrical conductivity of saturated fluids such as saline water. The flow of electrical current through the reservoir raises the heat in the reservoir and thereby dramatically reduces the oil viscosity.
In this process, electrical current can flow between electrical-potential sources (electrodes) in wells, and then electrical energy is dissipated to generate the heat. Therefore, the regions around the electrodes in (or around) the wells are extremely heated. Because the wells act as line sources for the electrical potential, greater heating takes place near the wellbore, causing possible vaporization of water in that region. Because steam has very-low electrical conductivity, it can reduce the efficiency of this process significantly. In this process electrical conductivity plays a very important role. To increase efficiency of this type of heating process, the presence of optimum saline-water saturation is an essential factor.
To model the electrical Joule heating in the presence of multiphase-fluid flow, we use three Maxwell classical electromagnetism equations. These equations are simplified and assumed for low frequency to obtain the conservation of the electrical-current equation and Ohm's law. The conservation of electrical current and Ohm's law are implemented by use of a finite-difference method in a four-phase chemical-flooding reservoir simulator (UTCHEM 2011.7). The Joule-heating rate caused by dissipation of electrical energy is calculated and added to the energy equation as a source term.
The formulation and implementation of electrical heating are validated against a reference analytical solution and verified with a reservoir simulator. A typical-reservoir model is built, and constant electrical potential with alternating current is applied to the model to study the efficiency of the electrical-heating process properly. The efficiency of this process is evaluated in the presence of water-saturated fractures and evaporation effect. Results illustrate that water saturation in the presence of fractures and electrical conductivity of saturated rock have an important effect on the Joule-heating process. The importance of the fractures saturated by saline water and operation of such processes below the boiling point are key findings in this paper to obtain high recovery in comparison with other conventional-thermal-recovery methods.
Applying the AcciMap Methodology to Investigate a Major Accident in Offshore Drilling: A Systematic Risk Management Framework for Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Tabibzadeh Maryam , Meshkati Najmedin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The investigation of accidents in different complex technological and high-risk industries indicates inadequate management systems and more specifically, ineffective communication as a major contributing cause of those accidents. In the specific case of the BP Deepwater Horizon (DWH) blowout, as the 2011 Chief Counsel's Report of the National Commissions noted, “what the investigation makes clear, above all else, is that management failures, not mechanical failings, were the ultimate source of the disaster.”
This paper adopts the powerful AcciMap methodology, which was originally proposed by Professor Jens Rasmussen in 1997 and used for the analysis of accidents in industries such as transportation, for the risk management of offshore drilling accidents by incorporating associated socio-technical factors into an integrated framework. This graphical representation provides a big-picture to illustrate the context in which an accident occurred as well as the interactions between different levels of a socio-technical system that resulted in that event. In general, analysis of past accidents within the stated framework can define the patterns of hazards within an industrial sector. Such analysis can lead to definition of preconditions for safe operations, which is a main focus of proactive risk management systems.
As a case study in this paper, the AcciMap methodology has been applied to the BP DWH accident in order to analyze the main contributing causes of that major system failure and the interactions of key involved decision-makers and stakeholders, who were involved in that disaster. The analysis of our developed AcciMap framework depicts that aside from influencing external components, organizational factors, among internal elements, were the root contributing causes of the BP DWH blowout. It is noteworthy that investigating previous accidents in oil and gas drilling shows that organizational factors were the root causes of accumulated errors and questionable decisions made by personnel or management. Such statement is generalizable to accidents in the whole oil and gas industry as well as other safety-critical systems such as transportation sector, healthcare industry and nuclear power plants.
Our review of the literature indicates that few studies have applied a robust risk management method to the scope of interactions outside the boundary of an organization, with even more limited applications to the oil and gas industry. It is also noteworthy that although the AcciMap framework has been applied to the BP DWH case study, it is a systematic methodology that can be generalized and applied to other major mishaps in the oil and gas industry, both in upstream and downstream.
Unlocking a Frozen Resource: Horizontal Milestone in Permafrost Drilled at -80°Fahrenheit
Authors: Sayers Zach , Sallee Adam , Burton John , Francis Michael 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Situated on the central North Slope of Alaska along the Coleville River, Umiat is one of the most frigid places on Earth. The target reservoir, the Lower Grandstand, lies at an average depth of just 470 ft below ground level and is one of the largest untapped oil fields in Alaska bearing light, sweet crude in a low-energy reservoir. Conventional drilling and completions would cripple the development economics and make too large of an environmental impact at the surface. Developing methods to drill horizontally in permafrost, a task never before achieved in Alaska, would enhance Umiat production compared to that from conventional well geometries. However, the subsurface drilling environment presented challenges since the majority of directional drilling would be in permafrost. With limited infrastructure in place for year-round access to the region, Linc Energy built over 100 miles of snow and ice roads to gain access during Alaska's coldest months. This limits access for drilling from January through the initiation of the cold breakup in late April.
During well planning, the bottomhole assemblies for high dogleg and shallow horizontal landing were optimized by applying experience drilling wells in permafrost in other areas across the North Slope. A new mineral-oil-base reservoir drilling fluid was proposed to provide formation compatibility and low mud weight while reducing friction. Close communication with the rig and office teams was established to enable critical decisions to be taken using drilling dynamics measurements to monitor tripping loads and to geosteer the well.
While drilling the well, the directional drilling response was better than expected landing the horizontal. The risk of stuck pipe was greater than anticipated. As anticipated in the modeling, additional weight was added on the top of the drillstring to avoid pipe buckle and to assist with weight transfer. The new reservoir drilling fluid achieved a density just a half-pound per gallon above the pore pressure and produced sufficient lubricity to reach well depth, thus validating the accuracy of the predrill modelling. The first horizontal well in Umiat was a success, achieving an extended reach drilling ratio of 3.23 with 800 BOPD production rates and 0% water cut. The well set two important records as the shallowest horizontal well drilled in Alaska and the first horizontal well drilled and landed entirely in permafrost in Alaska.
The results of these methods and processes demonstrated that horizontal wells can be drilled in permafrost as this was the first such well in Alaska. The lessons learned on this well will be instrumental for future horizontal wells drilled in permafrost and will enable future permafrost reservoirs to be drilled and produced with horizontal geometry worldwide.
Efficient Planning of Humanoid Motions by Modifying Constraints
Authors: Sung ChangHyun , Kagawa Takahiro , Uno Yoji 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an effective planning method for whole-body motions of humanoid robots under various conditions for achieving the task. In motion planning, various constraints such as range of motion have to be considered. Specifically, it is important to maintain balance in whole-body motion. In order to be useful in an unpredictable environment, rapid planning is an essential problem. In this research, via-point representation is used for assigning sufficient conditions to deal with various constraints in the movement. The position, posture and velocity of the robot are constrained as a state of a via-point. In our algorithm, the feasible motions are planned by modifying via-points. Furthermore, we formulate the motion planning problem as a simple iterative method with a Linear Programming (LP) problem for efficiency of the motion planning. We have applied the method to generate the kicking motion of a HOAP-3 humanoid robot. We confirmed that the robot can successfully score a goal with various courses corresponding to changing conditions of the location of an obstacle. The computation time was less than two seconds. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm can achieve efficient motion planning.
AIBOStory – Autonomous Robots supporting Interactive, Collaborative Story-telling
Authors: Papadopoulos Fotios , Dautenhahn Kerstin , Ho Wan Ching 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article describes the design and evaluation of AIBOStory - a novel, remote interactive story telling system that allows users to create and share common stories through an integrated, autonomous robot companion acting as a social mediator between two remotely located people. The behaviour of the robot was inspired by dog behaviour, including a simple computational memory model. AIBOStory has been designed to work alongside online video communication software and aims to enrich remote communication experiences over the internet. An initial pilot study evaluated the proposed system’s use and acceptance by the users. Five pairs of participants were exposed to the system, with the robot acting as a social mediator, and the results suggested an overall positive acceptance response. The main study involved long-term interactions of 20 participants using AIBOStory in order to study their preferences between two modes: using the game enhanced with an autonomous robot and a non-robot mode which did not use the robot. Instruments used in this study include multiple questionnaires from different communication sessions, demographic forms and logged data from the robots and the system. The data was analysed using quantitative and qualitative techniques to measure user preference and human-robot interaction. The statistical analysis suggests user preferences towards the robot mode.
A Preliminary Study on the Response of Autistic Persons to a Robot Feedback based on Visual Stimuli
Authors: Lee Jaeryoung , Obinata Goro , Stefanov Dimitar , Nagai Chikara 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInteractive robots are seen as an efficient tool for the improvement of the social communication skills of autistic children. Recent studies show that the effectiveness of the human-robot interaction can be improved further if the robot can provide positive feedback to the child when he/she demonstrates behaviour or social skills as expected. However, there is no clear answer to which visual stimuli and which combination of visual stimuli could attract better attention. In this paper we present initial results from our study of the response of participants with autism traits to four visual stimuli. We conducted a series of experiments where the experimental system provided a visual response to the user’s actions and monitored the user’s performance for each visual stimulus. The experiments were organised as a game and included four groups of participants with different levels of autism. The results showed that a colour tended to be the most effective way for robot interaction with autistic people. The results could help the design of very effective assistive robots for supporting people with autism.
Human activity analysis: a personal robot integrating a framework for robust person detection and tracking and physical based motion analysis
Authors: Granata Consuelo , Bidaud Philippe , Salini Joseph , Ady Ragou 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe analysis of certain parameters related to cognitive and to motor humans’ activities in everyday life conditions can allow to detect potential behavioral troubles, make diagnoses and assess patients’ progress after a therapy. Within this context, personal robots can provide an autonomous movable platform for embedded sensors allowing to detect and track humans while ensuring an optimal observability of the person’s activity in complex and cluttered environments. This paper presents a framework combining a multimodal human detector based on sensors embedded in a mobile robot and a decisional engine exploiting the fuzzy logic mechanisms to make the robot track humans, maximizing observability and facing losses of detection. The robustness of this framework is evaluated experimentally in home spaces through different scenarios. Such a mobile system provides an effective marker-less motion capture means for sensing human activity in non-invasive fashion. We present a physical model based method exploiting the features of the system and of the embedded Kinect. Its performances are evaluated first comparing the results to those obtained with a precise 3D motion capture marker based system and to data obtained from a dynamic posturography platform. Then an experiment in real life conditions is performed to assess the system sensitivity to some gait disturbances.
Smart-E An Autonomous Omnidirectional Underwater Robot
Authors: Meyer Benjamin , Ehlers Kristian , Osterloh Christoph , Maehle Erik 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe survey of waterbodies or underwater installations is a challenging task. To reduce the danger for divers, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) can be deployed. These requires a high manoeuvrability and agility in order to provide access in hard-to-reach areas. Smart-E is an omnidirectional AUV designed and developed at the Institute of Computer Engineering of the University of Luebeck. The drive is realized by the minimal configuration of three thrusters that are arranged at 120º to each other. To achieve omnidirectional movement in the 3D space, each motor pivots through 180º around its radial axis with the aid of a servo motor. This leads to a manoeuvrability of six degrees of freedom (DOF). Smart-E is equipped with various sensors like a pressure and temperature sensor, a 360º scanning sonar, an IMU-AHRS system and a tilt camera unit at the bottom. Besides the autonomous behaviors, the main challenge is to control all six DOF of the AUV to achieve a smooth and controllable omnidirectional underwater movement even in rough environments.
Using Augmented Reality to Improve Usability of the User Interface for Driving a Telepresence Robot
Authors: Mosiello Giovanni , Kiselev Andrey , Loutfi Amy 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMobile Robotic Telepresence (MRP) helps people to communicate in natural ways despite being physically located in different parts of the world. User interfaces of such systems are as critical as the design and functionality of the robot itself for creating conditions for natural interaction. This article presents an exploratory study analysing different robot teleoperation interfaces. The goals of this paper are to investigate the possible effect of using augmented reality as the means to drive a robot, to identify key factors of the user interface in order to improve the user experience through a driving interface, and to minimize interface familiarization time for non-experienced users. The study involved 23 participants whose robot driving attempts via different user interfaces were analysed. The results show that a user interface with an augmented reality interface resulted in better driving experience.
Stochastic Diffusion Search Review
Authors: al-Rifaie Mohammad Majid , Bishop John Mark 
Published: April 2015

AbstractStochastic Diffusion Search, first incepted in 1989, belongs to the extended family of swarm intelligence algorithms. In contrast to many nature-inspired algorithms, stochastic diffusion search has a strong mathematical framework describing its behaviour and convergence. In addition to concisely exploring the algorithm in the context of natural swarm intelligence systems, this paper reviews various developments of the algorithm, which have been shown to perform well in a variety of application domains including continuous optimisation, implementation on hardware and medical imaging. This algorithm has also being utilised to argue the potential computational creativity of swarm intelligence systems through the two phases of exploration and exploitation.
A Methodology for Recognition of Emotions Based on Speech Analysis, for Applications to Human-Robot Interaction. An Exploratory Study
Authors: Rabiei Mohammad , Gasparetto Alessandro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA system for recognition of emotions based on speech analysis can have interesting applications in human-robot interaction. In this paper, we carry out an exploratory study on the possibility to use a proposed methodology to recognize basic emotions (sadness, surprise, happiness, anger, fear and disgust) based on phonetic and acoustic properties of emotive speech with the minimal use of signal processing algorithms. We set up an experimental test, consisting of choosing three types of speakers, namely: (i) five adult European speakers, (ii) five Asian (Middle East) adult speakers and (iii) five adult American speakers. The speakers had to repeat 6 sentences in English (with durations typically between 1 s and 3 s) in order to emphasize rising-falling intonation and pitch movement. Intensity, peak and range of pitch and speech rate have been evaluated. The proposed methodology consists of generating and analyzing a graph of formant, pitch and intensity, using the open-source PRAAT program. From the experimental results, it was possible to recognize the basic emotions in most of the cases
A Walking Training System with Customizable Trajectory Designing
Authors: Dong Shiyang , Matsumaru Takafumi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper shows a novel walking training system for foot-eye coordination. To design customizable trajectories for different users conveniently in walking training, a new system which can track and record the actual walking trajectories by a tutor and can use these trajectories for the walking training by a trainee is developed. We set the four items as its human-robot interaction design concept: feedback, synchronization, ingenuity and adaptability. A foot model is proposed to define the position and direction of a foot. The errors in the detection method used in the system are less than 40 mm in position and 15 deg in direction. On this basis, three parts are structured to achieve the system functions: Trajectory Designer, Trajectory Viewer and Mobile Walking Trainer. According to the experimental results,we have confirmed the systemworks as intended and designed such that the steps recorded in Trajectory Designer could be used successfully as the footmarks projected in Mobile Walking Trainer and foot-eye coordination training would be conducted smoothly.
Comparison of the entrepreneurial intent of master’s business students in developing countries: South Africa and Poland
Authors: Nieuwenhuizen Cecile , Swanepoel Elana 
Published: April 2015

Problem investigated: The objective of this study was to assess the differences in the levels of entrepreneurial intent and its antecedents of the master’s business students who had no exposure to entrepreneurial education from two culturally different countries, South Africa and Poland. A validated entrepreneurial intent instrument was administered to final-year master’s business management students from a university in South Africa and a university in Poland.Methodology: A cross-sectional survey design with two samples, one from each country, was used. A previously validated questionnaire developed from Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour model was administered. The results were factor analysed and new scales extracted. These refined scales were used to assess the differences between the two countries. A total of 182 questionnaires were collected from the two universities, University of Johannesburg in South Africa and Krakow Business School in Poland.Findings/implications: From the t-tests statistically significant differences between the two groups were found on 10 of the newly defined scales. Except on one scale, the South African students scored higher than the Polish students.Originality/value of research: This is the first study comparing differences between master’s business management students from two culturally diverse countries, South Africa and Poland, in terms of entrepreneurial intent and its antecedents.Conclusion: Possible reasons for the differences were offered as gleaned from other research, but further research is required to identify the determining factors for the differences.
A New Paradigm for Health Economics? We Have Three Already!
Authors: Evans Robert G. 
Published: April 2015

Figure I depicts a set of inter-sectoral financial flows that represent central features of the organization and financing of health care systems. But It is primarily a set of accounting relationships, a gross anatomical description that provides no “physiology” explaining how the various components interact, or how those interactions might change in response to anatomical changes. What difference does it make, in terms of patterns of service delivery and cost, of distribution of burdens and benefits among the population, or of population health status, if the mixes of financing and funding flows in Figure 1 are re-arranged? These questions, sometimes overt, often covert, are everywhere at the heart of debates over health policy.
GALVÁN, Valentín (coord.): El evangelio del diablo. Foucault y la “Historia de la Locura”, Madrid, Biblioteca Nueva, 2013.
Authors: Vázquez García Francisco 
Published: April 2015

Reseña del libro de GALVÁN, Valentín (coord.): <em>El evangelio del diablo. Foucault y la “Historia de la Locura”</em>, Madrid, Biblioteca Nueva, 2013.
Virginia Woolf: la política de los afectos de las «hijas de los hombres cultos»
Authors: Ruiz Callejón Encarnación 
Published: April 2015

En este trabajo abordo algunos aspectos centrales de la contribución de Virginia Woolf al pensamiento feminista. 1) Su análisis genealógico de la cultura de la violencia desde la óptica de la diferencia femenina y desde la compasión como fundamento de la ética. 2) Su transvaloración del ideal que ha regulado la vida de las mujeres en una moral y una forma de acción política contra la cultura de la violencia y que apuesta por un feminismo más allá de la igualdad.