bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new GaN-based high-speed and high-power switching circuit for envelope-tracking modulators
Authors: Augeau Patrick , Bouysse Philippe , Martin Audrey , Nebus Jean Michel , Quéré Raymond , Lapierre Luc , Jardel Olivier , Piotrowicz Stéphane 
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we report a new high-speed and high-power switching circuit based on GaN HEMT's. The elementary switching cell, composed of two GaN HEMT's and two resistors, acts like a power threshold comparator with high-output voltage. Theoretical analysis of static and dynamic circuit operation points out the dependence of efficiency and switching speed to the main circuit elements. Four switching cells are then combined together thanks to SiC Schottky diodes to design a multi-level power switch that can be used as a power supply modulator for envelope tracking power amplifiers. The designed four-level supply modulator, based on Nitronex GaN HEMT's, exhibits more than 75% of efficiency for an envelope signal up to 4 MHz, a switching frequency of 20 MHz and output voltages in the range of 12–30 V.
Viscous Fingering and Dendritic Growth of Surface Crystallized Sr2TiSi2O8 Fresnoite
Authors: Wisniewski Wolfgang , Patschger Marek , Rüssel Christian 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDuring the quenching of a melt with the composition 2SrO·TiO2·2.75SiO2, cubic SrTiO3- and tetragonal Sr2TiSi2O8-crystals are formed at the surface. Subsequent crystal growth leads to dendritic fresnoite structures which become increasingly finer until the mechanism changes to viscous fingering during further cooling. In the final stages of this initial growth step, the crystal orientations of these dendrites systematically change. Due to a complete absence of bulk nucleation in this system, crystal growth is resumed upon reheating to 970°C and fractal growth with the c-axis tilted by about 45° from the main growth direction is observed. The results are interpreted to confirm the link between viscous fingering and dendritic growth in the case of a true crystallization process.
Key influences on motivations for utility cycling (cycling for transport to and from places)
Authors: Heesch Kristiann C. , Sahlqvist Shannon 
Published: December 2013

Issue addressedAlthough increases in cycling in Brisbane are encouraging, bicycle mode share to work (the proportion of people travelling to work by bicycle) in the state of Queensland remains low. The aim of this qualitative study was to draw upon the lived experiences of Queensland cyclists to understand the main motivators for utility cycling (cycling as a means to get to and from places) and compare motivators between utility cyclists (those who cycle for utility as well as for recreation) and non‐utility cyclists (those who cycle only for recreation).MethodsFor an online survey, members of a bicycle group (831 utility cyclists and 931 non‐utility cyclists, aged 18–90 years) were asked to describe, unprompted, what would motivate them to engage in utility cycling (more often). Responses were coded into themes within four levels of an ecological model.ResultsWithin an ecological model, built environment influences on motivation were grouped according to whether they related to appeal (safety), convenience (accessibility) or attractiveness (more amenities) and included adequate infrastructure for short trips, bikeway connectivity, end‐of‐trip facilities at public locations and easy and safe bicycle access to destinations outside of cities. A key social‐cultural influence related to improved interactions among different road users.ConclusionsThe built and social‐cultural environments need to be more supportive of utility cycling before even current utility and non‐utility cyclists will be motivated to engage (more often) in utility cycling.So what?Additional government strategies and more and better infrastructure that support utility cycling beyond commuter cycling may encourage a utility cycling culture.
Edible gardens in early childhood education settings in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors: Dawson A. , Richards R. , Collins C. , Reeder A. I. , Gray A. 
Published: December 2013

Issue addressedThis paper aims to explore the presence and role of edible gardens in Aotearoa/New Zealand Early Childhood Education Services (ECES).MethodsParticipant ECES providers were identified from the Ministry of Education database of Early Childhood Education Services (March 2009). These include Education and Care and Casual Education and Care, Kindergarten, Home‐based Education and Care services, Playcentres, Te Kohanga Reo. A structured, self‐administered questionnaire was sent to the Principal or Head Teacher of the serviceResultsOf the 211 ECES that responded (55% response rate), 71% had edible gardens, incorporating vegetables, berry fruit, tree fruit, edible flowers and nut trees. Garden activities were linked with teaching across all strands of the New Zealand early childhood curriculum. In addition, 34% provided guidance on using garden produce and 30% linked the garden with messages on fruit and vegetable consumption. Most gardens were established recently (past 2 years) and relied on financial and nonfinancial support from parents, teachers and community organisations. Barriers included a lack of funding, space, time and staff support.Conclusions/ImplicationsStudy findings suggest that gardens are already being used as a versatile teaching tool in many ECES settings. Most gardens are new, with a need to support the sustainability and workforce development among teachers and parents in order to be able to maintain these resources for future generations.So what?Given the inherent links between gardening and healthy food and exercise, there seem to be extensive opportunities for health promotion aligned with the edible garden movement.
Sitting time, physical activity and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Australian women: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Chih HuiJun , Lee Andy H. , Colville Linda , Xu Daniel , Binns Colin W. 
Published: December 2013

Issue addressedPhysical activity affects the immune system, which in turn may modify the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The effect of sitting on CIN is unknown. This study investigated the relationship between sitting time, physical activity and the risk of CIN.MethodsCommunity‐dwelling adult women within metropolitan Perth, Western Australia, who had had a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear test at any of five clinics and medical centres, were approached by their general practitioners. In total, 348 women were recruited and interviewed for information on sitting time, physical activity level and lifetime physical activity exposure using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) – short form. Associations of exposure variables with CIN risk were assessed by unconditional logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of abnormal Pap smear status indicating CIN was found to be 15.8%. Women with prolonged sitting duration (42 h per week) had significantly increased risk of CIN (adjusted OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.12–10.88) than women who sat less than 24.5 h per week. Although the effect of total physical activity level was non‐significant (P = 0.408), being always involved in physical activity during the entire life appeared to be inversely associated with the CIN risk (P = 0.036).ConclusionsProlonged sitting time was significantly associated with increased risk of abnormal Pap smear status indicating CIN.So what?This preliminary investigation highlights a new prospect for health‐promotion intervention to reduce the risk of CIN. Health practitioners should encourage women to reduce their sitting time and maintain physically active throughout their life course.
Transient kinetics measured with force steps discriminate between double-stranded DNA elongation and melting and define the reaction energetics
Authors: Bongini Lorenzo , Melli Luca , Lombardi Vincenzo , Bianco Pasquale 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Under a tension of ∼65 pN, double-stranded DNA undergoes an overstretching transition from its basic (B-form) conformation to a 1.7 times longer conformation whose nature is only recently starting to be understood. Here we provide a structural and thermodynamic characterization of the transition by recording the length transient following force steps imposed on the λ-phage DNA with different melting degrees and temperatures (10–25°C). The shortening transient following a 20–35 pN force drop from the overstretching force shows a sequence of fast shortenings of double-stranded extended (S-form) segments and pauses owing to reannealing of melted segments. The lengthening transients following a 2–35 pN stretch to the overstretching force show the kinetics of a two-state reaction and indicate that the whole 70% extension is a B-S transition that precedes and is independent of melting. The temperature dependence of the lengthening transient shows that the entropic contribution to the B-S transition is one-third of the entropy change of thermal melting, reinforcing the evidence for a double-stranded S-form that maintains a significant fraction of the interstrand bonds. The cooperativity of the unitary elongation (22 bp) is independent of temperature, suggesting that structural factors, such as the nucleic acid sequence, control the transition.
The Potato Tuber Mitochondrial Proteome
Authors: Salvato Fernanda , Havelund Jesper F. , Chen Mingjie , Rao R. Shyama Prasad , Rogowska-Wrzesinska Adelina , Jensen Ole N. , Gang David R. , Thelen Jay J. , Møller Ian Max 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Mitochondria are called the powerhouses of the cell. To better understand the role of mitochondria in maintaining and regulating metabolism in storage tissues, highly purified mitochondria were isolated from dormant potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum ‘Folva’) and their proteome investigated. Proteins were resolved by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and tryptic peptides were extracted from gel slices and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using an Orbitrap XL. Using four different search programs, a total of 1,060 nonredundant proteins were identified in a quantitative manner using normalized spectral counts including as many as 5-fold more “extreme” proteins (low mass, high isoelectric point, hydrophobic) than previous mitochondrial proteome studies. We estimate that this compendium of proteins represents a high coverage of the potato tuber mitochondrial proteome (possibly as high as 85%). The dynamic range of protein expression spanned 1,800-fold and included nearly all components of the electron transport chain, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and protein import apparatus. Additionally, we identified 71 pentatricopeptide repeat proteins, 29 membrane carriers/transporters, a number of new proteins involved in coenzyme biosynthesis and iron metabolism, the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, and a type 2C protein phosphatase that may catalyze the dephosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Systematic analysis of prominent posttranslational modifications revealed that more than 50% of the identified proteins harbor at least one modification. The most prominently observed class of posttranslational modifications was oxidative modifications. This study reveals approximately 500 new or previously unconfirmed plant mitochondrial proteins and outlines a facile strategy for unbiased, near-comprehensive identification of mitochondrial proteins and their modified forms.
Are not-for-profits learning from for-profit-organizations? A look into governance
Authors: M. Viader Ana , I. Espina Maritza 
Published: December 2013

Purpose–This paper aims to focus on governance theories and practice variables in Not-For-Profit Service Organizations. The research answers two questions: what the prevalent governance practices of Not-for-Profit Service Organizations (NPSO) are, and whether there is a crossover among NPSO governance practices and For-Profit-Organization theories in the literature.Design/methodology/approach–A questionnaire to the 285 organizations within the defined parameters obtained a 18 percent response. Data were collected regarding the boards' predominant roles in the organizations' governance activities, the top executives' predominant roles in the organizations' operations and their interrelationship with the boards, and the boards' most common meeting agenda topics.Findings–The findings prove that governance models in NPSO are mostly driven by Agency Theory (52 percent of the sample). Stewardship and Resource Dependence Theories also contribute to existing governance models (28 percent), while some of the organizations have developed Hybrid Models (20 percent) drawing from the various theories.Research limitations/implications–The limited number of organizations participating in the research does not allow a generalization. However the diversity of organization types and sizes within the scope do provide a panoramic view of the not-for-profit service sector.Practical implications–Having proved that there is a crossover of governance practices among For-Profit and Not-for Profit Organizations, this research opens the door to the evaluation of many other existing or potential crossovers in governance and other management elements.Originality/value–This research is novel in its approach to look for similarities rather than differences between For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Organizations. The approach allows both sectors to learn from each other and seek for fresh improvement alternatives.
From knife to paper: an audit of surgical communication
Authors: Ip Brian , Beverly Brenda Lim Chern , Chauhan Satvinder , Black Douglas 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The paper aims to assess the quality (content and legibility) of handwritten operation notes and the reader's interpretation of legibility by clinical seniority.

Design/methodology/approach
– Consecutive elective and emergency general surgical operations over a six-week period from September 2011 at one hospital were retrospectively collected. Non-retrieval of operation notes, typed notes and endoscopies were excluded. The content of each operation note was assessed against a 26-item checklist. Legibility was assessed by 4 readers (2 Foundation Doctors and 2 Registrars in General Surgery) using an original objective scoring system.

Findings
– A total of 404 operations were identified; 45 were excluded following review of operation notes. Operation notes were derived from 12 consultants and 11 registrars. Analysis of the content score suggested that time of procedure (1 per cent), ASA grade (1 per cent) and blood loss (5 per cent) were poorly reported. Clinical indication and post-operative instructions were documented in only 52 per cent and 66 per cent of operation notes respectively. Registrar notes had a higher content score compared with consultant notes (15.8 vs 13.5, p<0.001). Legibility scores were reported to be higher for Registrar readers, compared with Foundation Doctor readers (OR 1.95, 95 per cent CI 1.75-2.18, p<0.001). Registrar-written notes had higher legibility scores compared with consultants (OR 19.0, 95 per cent CI 11.6-31.2, p<0.001).

Research limitations/implications
– The quality of handwritten notes varies. Registrar-written notes are more content-rich and legible.

Practical implications
– Clinical seniority and specialty training may improve the interpretation of handwritten operation notes. This study adds to growing evidence supporting the widespread adoption of a computerized immediate operation note.

Originality/value
– An objective scoring system to assess legibility of operation notes written as freehand was used. Also, legibility according to the reader's seniority in clinical training was evaluated.
Achieving standards for unscheduled surgical care
Authors: McArdle Kirsten , Leung Edmund , Cruickshank Neil , Laloe Veronique 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The Royal College of Surgeons published Standards for Unscheduled Surgical Care in response to variable clinical outcomes for emergency surgery. The purpose of this study is to assess for feasibility of a district hospital providing care in accordance to the recommendations.

Design/methodology/approach
– A total of 100 consecutive patient unscheduled episodes of care were prospectively included. Information regarding demographics, timeliness of investigations, operations, consultant input and clinical outcomes was collated. All patients were risk-adjusted for mortality. The data were compared to the guidelines.

Findings
– A total of 91 patients were included; 80 patients underwent surgery. There were 18 deaths (22.5 per cent), eight (10 per cent) post-operative within 30 days. There was no statistical difference between deaths and day of admission or surgery. There were 39 critically-ill patients, none were reviewed by a consultant within the recommended 30 minutes. Of the critically-ill patients, 23 underwent CT scanning, none within the recommended 30 minutes. All patients were operated within the recommended timeframe by urgency grading. For those predicted mortality rate >5 per cent, a consultant was present in theatre for 97 per cent of cases. All patients had a consultant review within 24 hours of admission.

Originality/value
– To the authors' knowledge this is the first evaluation of the practical difficulties in achieving consultant delivered care in surgery in a district general hospital. These results are interesting to clinicians and service planners involved in developing emergency services. Adhering to these guidelines would require significant re-allocation of resources in most hospitals and may require centralisation of services.
A run time combustion zoning technique towards the EDC approach in large-scale CFD simulations
Authors: S. Vaid Hitesh , Devesh Singh Kanwar , H. Lou Helen , Chen Daniel , Richmond Peyton 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to present a novel run time combustion zoning (RTCZ) technique based on the working principle of eddy dissipation concept (EDC) for combustion modeling. This technique selectively chooses cells in which the full reaction mechanism needs to be solved. The selection criterion is based on the concept of differentiating between combustion and the non-combustion zone. With this approach, considerable reduction in computational load and stability of the solution was observed and even the number of iterations required to achieve a stable solution was significantly reduced.

Design/methodology/approach
– Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of real life combustion problems such as industrial scale flares, fuel fired furnaces and IC engines are difficult due to the strong interactions of chemistry with turbulence as well as the wide range distribution of time and length scales. In addition, comprehensive chemical mechanisms for hydrocarbon combustion may include hundreds of species and thousands of reactions that are known in detail for only a limited number of fuels. Even with the most advanced computers, accurate simulation of these problems is not easy. Hence, the modeler needs to have strategies to either simplify the chemistry or to improve the computational efficiency.

Findings
– The EDC turbulence model has been widely used for treating the interaction between turbulence and the chemistry in combustion problems. In an EDC model, combustion is assumed to occur in a constant pressure reactor, with initial conditions taken as the concentration of the current species and temperature in the cell. With these assumptions, EDC solves the full or simplified reaction mechanism in all the grid cells at all iterations.

Originality/value
– This paper presents a novel RTCZ technique for improving the computational efficiency, when the EDC model is used in CFD modeling. Considerable reduction in computational time and stability of the solution can be achieved. It was also observed that the number of iterations required to achieve a converged solution was significantly reduced.
Free convection in a tilted triangle porous cavity filled with Cu-water nanofluid with flush mounted heater on the wall
Authors: Sun Qiang , Pop Ioan 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– Steady-state free convection heat transfer and fluid flow of Cu-water nanofluid is investigated within a porous tilted right-angle triangular enclosure. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The flush mounted heater with finite size is placed on one right-angle wall. The temperature of the inclined wall is lower than the heater, and the rest of walls are adiabatic. The governing equations are obtained based on the Darcy's law, and the nanofluid model adopted is that by Tiwari and Das. The transformed dimensionless governing equations were solved numerically by finite difference method, and the solution for algebraic equations was obtained through successive under relaxation method.

Findings
– Investigations were made as the tilted angle of the cavity varies within under different values of Rayleigh number for a porous medium with and solid volume fraction parameter of Cu-water nanofluid with. It is found that the maximum value of the average Nusselt number is achieved with the highest Rayleigh number when the tilted angle of the cavity is 150°, while the minimum value of the average Nusselt number is obtained with the lowest Rayleigh number when the tilted angle of the cavity locates at 240°. As soon as the flow convection in the cavity is not significant, increasing can improve the value of, but opposite effects appear when flow convection becomes stronger.

Originality/value
– The present results are new and original for the heat transfer and fluid flow in a porous tilted triangle enclosure filled by Cu-water nanofluid. The results would benefit scientists and engineers to become familiar with the flow behaviour of such nanofluids, and the way to predict the properties of this flow for possibility of using nanofluids in advanced nuclear systems, in industrial sectors including transportation, power generation, chemical sectors, ventilation, air-conditioning, etc.
Modeling of mixed convective heat transfer utilizing nanofluid in a double lid-driven chamber with internal heat generation
Authors: Nasrin Rehena , Alim M.A. , J. Chamkha Ali 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– This work is focused on the numerical modeling of mixed convective heat transfer in a double lid-driven cavity filled with water-CuO nanofluid in the presence of internal heat generation. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The flow field is modeled using a generalized form of the momentum and energy equations. Discretization of the governing equations is achieved using the penalty finite element scheme based on the Galerkin method of weighted residuals.

Findings
– The effects of pertinent parameters such as the internal heat generation parameter (Q), the Richardson number (Ri) and the solid volume fraction () on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are presented and discussed. The obtained results depict that the Richardson number plays a significant role on the heat transfer characterization within the triangular wavy chamber. Also, the present results show that an increase in volume fraction has a significant effect on the flow patterns.

Research limitations/implications
– Because of the chosen research approach numerically, the research results may lack generalisability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions experimentally.

Practical implications
– A nanofluid is a base fluid with suspended metallic nanoparticles. Because traditional fluids used for heat transfer applications such as water, mineral oils and ethylene glycol have a rather low thermal conductivity, nanofluids with relatively higher thermal conductivities have attracted enormous interest from researchers due to their potential in enhancement of heat transfer with little or no penalty in pressure drop.

Originality/value
– This paper fulfils an identified need to study how brand-supportive behaviour can be enabled.