bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polybromo‐1 (PBRM1), a SWI/SNF complex subunit is a prognostic marker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: da Costa Walter H. , Rezende Mariana , Carneiro Felipe C. , Rocha Rafael M. , da Cunha Isabela W. , Carraro Dirce M. , Guimaraes Gustavo C. , de Cassio Zequi Stenio 
Published: August 2013

Objective
To analyse the immunohistochemical and mRNA expression of SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable) complex subunit polybromo‐1 (PBRM1) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its impact on clinical outcomes.
Patients and Methods
In all, 213 consecutive patients treated surgically for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) between 1992 and 2009 were selected.
A single pathologist reviewed all cases to effect a uniform reclassification and determined the most representative tumour areas for construction of a tissue microarray.
In addition, mRNA expression of PBRM1 was analysed by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction.
Results
Of the 112‐immunostained ccRCC specimens, 34 (30.4%) were PBRM1‐negative, and 78 (69.6%) were PBRM1‐positive.
The protein expression of PBRM1 was associated with tumour stage (P < 0.001), clinical stage (P < 0.001), pN stage (P = 0.035) and tumour size (P = 0.002). PBRM1 mRNA expression was associated with clinical stage (P = 0.023), perinephric fat invasion (P = 0.008) and lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.042).
PBRM1 significantly influenced tumour recurrence and tumour‐related death. Disease‐specific survival rates for patients whose specimens showed positive‐ and negative‐PBRM1 expression were 89.7% and 70.6%, respectively (P = 0.017).
Recurrence‐free survival rates in patients with positive‐ and negative‐expression of PBRM1 were 87.3% and 66.7%, respectively (P = 0.048).
Conclusions
PBRM1‐negative expression is a markedly poor prognosis event in ccRCC.
We encourage PBRM1 study by other groups in order to validate our findings and confirm its possible role as a useful marker in the management of patients with ccRCC.
Heterogeneity of antibody responses among clinical responders during grass pollen sublingual immunotherapy
Authors: Baron‐Bodo V. , Horiot S. , Lautrette A. , Chabre H. , Drucbert A. S. , Danzé P. M. , Sénéchal H. , Peltre G. , Galvain S. , Zeldin R. K. , Horak F. , Moingeon P. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBackgroundDuring allergen‐specific sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), the relevance of changes in specific IgE and IgG antibody titres to treatment efficacy remains to be evaluated at an individual patient level.ObjectiveTo investigate whether antibody responses can be used as biomarkers for SLIT efficacy.MethodsComprehensive quantitative, qualitative and functional analyses of allergen‐specific IgA, IgE, IgG1‐4 and IgM responses were performed using purified Phl p 1 to 12 allergens in sera, saliva and nasal secretions from 82 grass pollen allergic patients. These patients were enrolled in a randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled study and assessed in an allergen challenge chamber (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00619827). Antibody responses were monitored in parallel to clinical responses before and after daily sublingual treatment for 4 months with either a grass pollen or a placebo tablet.ResultsA significant mean improvement (i.e. 33–40.6%) in rhinoconjunctivitis total symptom scores was observed in SLIT recipients, irrespective of their baseline patterns of IgE sensitization (i.e. narrow, intermediate, broad) to grass pollen allergens. SLIT did not induce any de novo IgE sensitization. Clinical responders encompassed both immunoreactive patients who exhibited strong increases in titres, affinity and/or blocking activity of grass‐pollen‐specific IgGs (representing 17% of treated patients), as well as patients with no detectable antibody responses distinguishing them from the placebo group. No significant changes were detected in antibody titres in saliva and nasal washes, even in clinical responders.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceSublingual immunotherapy with a grass pollen tablet is efficacious irrespective of the patients' baseline sensitization to either single or multiple grass pollen allergens. Seric IgG responses may contribute to SLIT‐induced clinical tolerance in a fraction (i.e. 17%) of patients, but additional immune mechanisms are involved in most patients. Consequently, antibody responses cannot be used as a marker of SLIT efficacy at an individual patient level.
Rapamycin has suppressive and stimulatory effects on human plasmacytoid dendritic cell functions
Authors: Boor P P C , Metselaar H J , Mancham S , van der Laan L J W , Kwekkeboom J 
Published: August 2013

Summary
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) are involved in innate immunity by interferon (IFN)-α production, and in adaptive immunity by stimulating T cells and inducing generation of regulatory T cells (Treg). In this study we studied the effects of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition by rapamycin, a commonly used immunosuppressive and anti-cancer drug, on innate and adaptive immune functions of human PDC. A clinically relevant concentration of rapamycin inhibited Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7-induced IFN-α secretion potently (−64%) but TLR-9-induced IFN-α secretion only slightly (−20%), while the same concentration suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production by TLR-7-activated and TLR-9-activated PDC with similar efficacy. Rapamycin inhibited the ability of both TLR-7-activated and TLR-9-activated PDC to stimulate production of IFN-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 by allogeneic T cells. Surprisingly, mTOR-inhibition enhanced the capacity of TLR-7-activated PDC to stimulate naive and memory T helper cell proliferation, which was caused by rapamycin-induced up-regulation of CD80 expression on PDC. Finally, rapamycin treatment of TLR-7-activated PDC enhanced their capacity to induce CD4+forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)+ regulatory T cells, but did not affect the generation of suppressive CD8+CD38+lymphocyte activation gene (LAG)-3+ Treg. In general, rapamycin inhibits innate and adaptive immune functions of TLR-stimulated human PDC, but enhances the ability of TLR-7-stimulated PDC to stimulate CD4+ T cell proliferation and induce CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cell generation.
Intraoperative Complications during Sinus Floor Elevation Using Two Different Ultrasonic Approaches: A Two‐Center, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Stacchi Claudio , Vercellotti Tomaso , Toschetti Annamaria , Speroni Stefano , Salgarello Stefano , Di Lenarda Roberto 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of intraoperative complications during maxillary sinus elevation with lateral approach using a piezoelectric device with two different surgical techniques.Materials and MethodsAntrostomies were randomly performed by outlining a window (group A, 36 patients) or by eroding the cortical wall with a grinding insert until the membrane was visible under a thin layer of bone, before outlining the window (group B, 36 patients). Occurrence of membrane perforation, laceration of vascular branches, and surgical time was recorded.ResultsSeventy‐two patients underwent sinus floor elevation: four perforations (11.1%) were observed in group A (two occurred during elevation with hand instruments) and zero perforations in group B (p < .05). No evidence of vascular lacerations was registered in both groups. A clinically insignificant but statistically shorter surgical time was recorded in group A (9.2 ± 3.7 minutes) than in group B (13.3 ± 2.4 minutes; p < .05).ConclusionsWithin the limits of the present study, it may be concluded that ultrasonic erosion of the lateral wall of the sinus is a more predictable technique than piezoelectric outlining of a bone window in preventing from accidental perforations of Schneiderian membrane during sinus augmentation procedures.
Radiographic Monitoring of Changes in Bone Height after Implant Placement in Combination with an Internal Sinus Lift without Graft Material
Authors: Rammelsberg Peter , Mahabadi Jaleh , Eiffler Constantin , Koob Andreas , Kappel Stefanie , Gabbert Olaf 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPurposeThe objective was to investigate changes in bone height after implant placement in combination with simultaneous internal sinus lift (ISL) without graft material.Materials and MethodsFor a retrospective clinical study, 101 implants placed in combination with ISL without graft were selected. The study included 66 patients (mean age 59.6 years) with radiographs from baseline (T0) and two follow‐ups after mean times of 7 months (T1) and 17 months (T2). Apical changes in bone height were measured at the mesial and distal aspects of the implant. Correlation analysis was performed to identify factors affecting changes in bone height.ResultsMean apical bone gains of 1.0 mm (mesial) and 1.7 mm (distal) were observed at T1. At T2, mean apical bone gains were 1.5 mm and 2.1 mm (distal). The change in apical bone height was significant between T0 and T1, between T0 and T2, and between T1 and T2. Rank correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation (Spearman rho: –0.2 to –0.4) between small initial bone height and a greater amount of apical bone gain.ConclusionsA gain in apical bone height can be expected if implants are placed in combination with ISL without graft material. Variability is high, however.
Weight loss for individuals with type 2 diabetes following a very‐low‐calorie diet in a community‐based setting with trained facilitators for 12 weeks
Authors: Rolland C. , Lula S. , Jenner C. , Dyson L. , Macdonald I. , Johnston K. L. , Broom I. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Approximately 80% of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are overweight or obese.
Weight loss produces numerous benefits in T2DM.
People with T2DM have difficulty losing and maintaining weight.
What this study adds
Provision of a very‐low‐calorie diet (VLCD) with group support and behaviour therapy for patients with T2DM is feasible within a community‐based setting with trained facilitators.
VLCD approaches for weight management in T2DM can achieve more than 90% of weight loss as compared with obese individuals without T2DM.
Identification of the need to investigate the full impact of this approach in patients with T2DM by assessing changes in glycaemia, liver function and medication.
Approximately 80% of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are overweight or obese, and obesity compounds the cardiovascular risk of T2DM. The aim of this retrospective study was twofold: first, to investigate whether a 12‐week community‐based very‐low‐calorie diet (VLCD) programme can result in important weight loss; and second, to investigate any potential difference in the weight loss achieved using this community‐based approach in individuals with and without T2DM. Three hundred and fifty‐five participants with T2DM were matched for age, body mass index (BMI) and gender to participants without T2DM (total cohort comprised 204 males: 506 females (mean ± standard deviation); age (years) 54.0 ± 9.1; BMI (kg m−2) 41.6 ± 8.1; weight (kg) 116.1 ± 25.1). The programme included a daily intake of 550 kcal in addition to group support and behaviour therapy provided by trained facilitators within a community‐based setting. After 12 weeks, there was significant weight loss within each group when compared with baseline (T2DM: 115.0 ± 24.4 kg vs. 96.7 ± 21.4 kg, P < 0.0001; non‐T2DM: 117.2 ± 25.8 kg vs. 97.3 ± 22.2 kg, P < 0.0001). At 12 weeks, weight change (−18.3 ± 7.3 kg vs. −19.9 ± 7.0 kg, P = 0.012) and BMI change (−6.7 ± 2.9 kg m−2 vs. −7.1 ± 2.1 kg m−2, P = 0.011) were significantly less in the T2DM group when compared with the non‐T2DM group. Our results suggest that the use of VLCD approaches for weight management in T2DM can achieve more than 90% of the weight loss seen in obese individuals without T2DM.
Life History as a Predictor of Salamander Recovery Rate from Timber Harvest in Southern Appalachian Forests, U.S.A
Authors: CONNETTE GRANT M. , SEMLITSCH RAYMOND D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractForest management often represents a balance between social, economic, and ecological objectives. In the eastern United States, numerous studies have established that terrestrial salamander populations initially decline in abundance following timber harvest, yet the large‐scale and long‐term consequences are relatively unknown. We used count data from terrestrial survey points to examine the relation between salamander abundance and historic timber harvest while accounting for imperfect detection of individuals. Overall, stream‐ and terrestrial‐breeding salamanders appeared to differ by magnitude of population decline, rate of population recovery, and extent of recolonization from surrounding forest. Specifically, estimated abundance of both species groups was positively associated with stand age and recovery rates were predicted to increase over time for red‐legged salamanders (Plethodon shermani) and decrease in stream‐breeding species. Abundance of stream‐breeding salamanders was predicted to reach a peak by 100 years after timber harvest, and the population growth rate of red‐legged salamanders was predicted to undergo a significant increase 100 years after harvest. Estimated abundance of stream‐breeding salamanders in young forest stands was also negatively associated with the distance to adjacent forest, a result that suggests immigration has a role in the recovery of these species. Our results indicate that salamander abundance in young forest stands may be only modestly lower than in more mature forest but that full recovery from timber harvest may take a substantial amount of time and that species life history may affect patterns of recovery.Historia de Vida como un Vaticinador de la Tasa de Recuperación de una Salamandra a la Colecta de Madera en los Bosques del Sur de los Apalaches, E.U.A
Contribution of Systematic Reviews to Management Decisions
Authors: COOK CARLY N. , POSSINGHAM HUGH P. , FULLER RICHARD A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSystematic reviews comprehensively summarize evidence about the effectiveness of conservation interventions. We investigated the contribution to management decisions made by this growing body of literature. We identified 43 systematic reviews of conservation evidence, 23 of which drew some concrete conclusions relevant to management. Most reviews addressed conservation interventions relevant to policy decisions; only 35% considered practical on‐the‐ground management interventions. The majority of reviews covered only a small fraction of the geographic and taxonomic breadth they aimed to address (median = 13% of relevant countries and 16% of relevant taxa). The likelihood that reviews contained at least some implications for management tended to increase as geographic coverage increased and to decline as taxonomic breadth increased. These results suggest the breadth of a systematic review requires careful consideration. Reviews identified a mean of 312 relevant primary studies but excluded 88% of these because of deficiencies in design or a failure to meet other inclusion criteria. Reviews summarized on average 284 data sets and 112 years of research activity, yet the likelihood that their results had at least some implications for management did not increase as the amount of primary research summarized increased. In some cases, conclusions were elusive despite the inclusion of hundreds of data sets and years of cumulative research activity. Systematic reviews are an important part of the conservation decision making tool kit, although we believe the benefits of systematic reviews could be significantly enhanced by increasing the number of reviews focused on questions of direct relevance to on‐the‐ground managers; defining a more focused geographic and taxonomic breadth that better reflects available data; including a broader range of evidence types; and appraising the cost‐effectiveness of interventions.Contribuciones de las Revisiones Sistemáticas a las Decisiones de Manejo
Incentivizing Monitoring and Compliance in Trophy Hunting
Authors: BUNNEFELD NILS , EDWARDS CHARLES T. T. , ATICKEM ANAGAW , HAILU FETENE , MILNER‐GULLAND E. J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractConservation scientists are increasingly focusing on the drivers of human behavior and on the implications of various sources of uncertainty for management decision making. Trophy hunting has been suggested as a conservation tool because it gives economic value to wildlife, but recent examples show that overharvesting is a substantial problem and that data limitations are rife. We use a case study of trophy hunting of an endangered antelope, the mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), to explore how uncertainties generated by population monitoring and poaching interact with decision making by 2 key stakeholders: the safari companies and the government. We built a management strategy evaluation model that encompasses the population dynamics of mountain nyala, a monitoring model, and a company decision making model. We investigated scenarios of investment into antipoaching and monitoring by governments and safari companies. Harvest strategy was robust to the uncertainty in the population estimates obtained from monitoring, but poaching had a much stronger effect on quota and sustainability. Hence, reducing poaching is in the interests of companies wishing to increase the profitability of their enterprises, for example by engaging community members as game scouts. There is a threshold level of uncertainty in the population estimates beyond which the year‐to‐year variation in the trophy quota prevented planning by the safari companies. This suggests a role for government in ensuring that a baseline level of population monitoring is carried out such that this level is not exceeded. Our results illustrate the importance of considering the incentives of multiple stakeholders when designing frameworks for resource use and when designing management frameworks to address the particular sources of uncertainty that affect system sustainability most heavily.Incentivando el Monitoreo y el Cumplimiento en la Caza de Trofeos
Multiple Lineages of Avian Malaria Parasites (Plasmodium) in the Galapagos Islands and Evidence for Arrival via Migratory Birds
Authors: LEVIN I. I. , ZWIERS P. , DEEM S. L. , GEEST E. A. , HIGASHIGUCHI J. M. , IEZHOVA T. A. , JIMÉNEZ‐UZCÁTEGUI G. , KIM D. H. , MORTON J. P. , PERLUT N. G. , RENFREW R. B. , SARI E. H. R. , VALKIUNAS G. , Parker P. G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHaemosporidian parasites in the genus Plasmodium were recently detected through molecular screening in the Galapagos Penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus). We summarized results of an archipelago‐wide screen of 3726 endemic birds representing 22 species for Plasmodium spp. through a combination of molecular and microscopy techniques. Three additional Plasmodium lineages were present in Galapagos. Lineage A–infected penguins, Yellow Warblers (Setophaga petechia aureola), and one Medium Ground Finch (Geospiza fortis) was detected at multiple sites in multiple years. The other 3 lineages were each detected at one site and at one time; apparently, they were transient infections of parasites not established on the archipelago. No gametocytes were found in blood smears of infected individuals; thus, endemic Galapagos birds may be dead‐end hosts for these Plasmodium lineages. Determining when and how parasites and pathogens arrive in Galapagos is key to developing conservation strategies to prevent and mitigate the effects of introduced diseases. To assess the potential for Plasmodium parasites to arrive via migratory birds, we analyzed blood samples from 438 North American breeding Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), the only songbird that regularly migrates through Galapagos. Two of the ephemeral Plasmodium lineages (B and C) found in Galapagos birds matched parasite sequences from Bobolinks. Although this is not confirmation that Bobolinks are responsible for introducing these lineages, evidence points to higher potential arrival rates of avian pathogens than previously thought.Linajes Múltiples de Parásitos de Malaria Aviar (Plasmodium) en las Islas Galápagos y Evidencia de su Arribo por Medio de Aves Migratorias
Googling Trends in Conservation Biology
Authors: PROULX RAPHAËL , MASSICOTTE PHILIPPE , PÉPINO MARC 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWeb‐crawling approaches, that is, automated programs data mining the internet to obtain information about a particular process, have recently been proposed for monitoring early signs of ecosystem degradation or for establishing crop calendars. However, lack of a clear conceptual and methodological framework has prevented the development of such approaches within the field of conservation biology. Our objective was to illustrate how Google Trends, a freely accessible web‐crawling engine, can be used to track changes in timing of biological processes, spatial distribution of invasive species, and level of public awareness about key conservation issues. Google Trends returns the number of internet searches that were made for a keyword in a given region of the world over a defined period. Using data retrieved online for 13 countries, we exemplify how Google Trends can be used to study the timing of biological processes, such as the seasonal recurrence of pollen release or mosquito outbreaks across a latitudinal gradient. We mapped the spatial extent of results from Google Trends for 5 invasive species in the United States and found geographic patterns in invasions that are consistent with their coarse‐grained distribution at state levels. From 2004 through 2012, Google Trends showed that the level of public interest and awareness about conservation issues related to ecosystem services, biodiversity, and climate change increased, decreased, and followed both trends, respectively. Finally, to further the development of research approaches at the interface of conservation biology, collective knowledge, and environmental management, we developed an algorithm that allows the rapid retrieval of Google Trends data.
The role of an Aboriginal women's group in meeting the high needs of clients attending outpatient alcohol and other drug treatment
Authors: Lee Kim San Kylie , Dawson Angela , Conigrave Katherine M 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIntroduction and AimsSupport groups are typically offered as part of specialist alcohol or other drug treatment. However, their usefulness with Indigenous Australians has not been examined. This paper provides a profile of Aboriginal women attending an inner city outpatient alcohol and other drug treatment service, insight into how effective women and staff perceive the support group to be at meeting their needs and suggestions for improvements.Design and MethodsStructured interviews were conducted with 24 Aboriginal female clients of an outpatient treatment service and with 21 staff from across that service and the local Aboriginal Medical Service. Client interviews also assessed alcohol consumption and mental health risk (Indigenous Risk Impact Screen).ResultsClients reported social and health indicators illustrating disadvantage and complex needs. Most clients and staff perceived the group to be useful and easily accessible. The participants discussed positive elements including opportunities for shared experience in a non‐judgemental environment, practical support and health education. Staff reported how the safe, relaxed environment of the group helped with early identification of issues and user‐friendly pathways for treatment access. Suggested improvements included greater involvement from Aboriginal staff and community members and enhanced communication with other staff.Discussion and ConclusionsClients and staff recognised the usefulness of the group, including the opportunities it provided for socialisation and early intervention. Comprehensive research is needed to determine the types and sources of support that best assist Aboriginal women with substance use disorders. [Lee KS K, Dawson A, Conigrave K M. The role of an Aboriginal women's group in meeting the high needs of clients attending outpatient alcohol and other drug treatment. Drug Alcohol Rev 2013;32:618–626]