bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mean-chiral displacement in coherently driven photonic lattices and its application to synthetic frequency dimensions
Authors: Villa Greta , Carusotto Iacopo , Ozawa Tomoki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCharacterizing topologically nontrivial photonic lattices by measuring their topological invariants is crucial in topological photonics. In conservative one-dimensional systems, a widely used observable to extract the winding number is the mean-chiral displacement. In many realistic photonic systems, however, losses can hardly be avoided, and little is known on how one can extend the mean-chiral displacement to a driven-dissipative context. Here we theoretically propose an experimentally viable method to directly detect the topological winding number of one-dimensional chiral photonic lattices. The method we propose is a generalization of the mean-chiral displacement to a driven-dissipative context with coherent illumination. By integrating the mean-chiral displacement of the steady state over the pump light frequency, one can obtain the winding number with a correction of the order of the loss rate squared. We demonstrate that this method can be successfully applied to lattices along synthetic frequency dimensions.
Childhood-onset type 1 diabetes and subsequent adult psychiatric disorders: a nationwide cohort and genome-wide Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Formánek Tomáš , Chen Danni , Šumník Zdeněk , Mladá Karolína , Hughes James , Burgess Stephen , Wareham Nicholas J. , Murray Graham K. , Jones Peter B. , Perry Benjamin I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChildhood-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with substantial psychiatric morbidity in later life, but it remains unknown whether these associations are due to common underlying biological mechanisms or the impacts of living with the condition and its treatment. Here, using Czech national register data, we identified children with T1D aged ≤14 years between 1994 and 2007 and estimated the risk of psychiatric disorders up to 24 years later. We found that children diagnosed with T1D had an elevated risk of developing substance use, mood, anxiety and personality disorders, and behavioral syndromes. Conversely, we found that children with T1D had a lower risk of developing psychotic disorders. In Mendelian randomization analysis, we found an association with schizophrenia, which, however, did not persist following multiple testing adjustment. The combined observational and Mendelian randomization evidence suggests that T1D diagnosis in childhood predisposes to far-reaching, extensive psychiatric morbidity, which is unlikely to be explicable by common underlying biological mechanisms. The findings of this study highlight that monitoring and addressing the mental health needs of children with T1D is imperative, whereas glucose dysregulation and/or inflammation implicated in schizophrenia pathogenesis warrants future research.
Accuracy of Automatic Processing of Speech-Language Pathologist and Child Talk During School-Based Therapy Sessions
Authors: Chaparro-Moreno Leydi Johana , Villasanti Hugo Gonzalez , Justice Laura M. , Sun Jing , Schmitt Mary Beth 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
This study examines the accuracy of Interaction Detection in Early Childhood Settings (IDEAS), a program that automatically transcribes audio files and estimates linguistic units relevant to speech-language therapy, including part-of-speech units that represent features of language complexity, such as adjectives and coordinating conjunctions.

Method:

Forty-five video-recorded speech-language therapy sessions involving 27 speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and 56 children were used. The
F
measure determines the accuracy of IDEAS diarization (i.e., speech segmentation and speaker classification). Two additional evaluation metrics, namely, median absolute relative error and correlation, indicate the accuracy of IDEAS for the estimation of linguistic units as compared with two conditions, namely, Oracle (manual diarization) and Voice Type Classifier (existing diarizer with acceptable accuracy).

Results:

The high
F
measure for SLP talk data suggests high accuracy of IDEAS diarization for SLP talk but less so for child talk. These differences are reflected in the accuracy of IDEAS linguistic unit estimates. IDEAS median absolute relative error and correlation values for nine of the 10 SLP linguistic unit estimates meet the accuracy criteria, but none of the child linguistic unit estimates meet these criteria. The type of linguistic units also affects IDEAS accuracy.

Conclusions:
IDEAS was tailored to educational settings to automatically convert audio recordings into text and to provide linguistic unit estimates in speech-language therapy sessions and classroom settings. Although not perfect, IDEAS is reliable in automatically capturing and returning linguistic units, especially in SLP talk, that are relevant in research and practice. The tool offers a way to automatically measure SLP talk in clinical settings, which will support research seeking to understand how SLP talk influences children's language growth.
A dual attentional skip connection based Swin‐UNet for real‐time cloud segmentation
Authors: Wei Fuhao , Wang Shaofan , Sun Yanfeng , Yin Baocai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping real‐time cloud segmentation technology is urgent for many remote sensing based applications such as weather forecasting. Existing deep learning based cloud segmentation methods involve two shortcomings. (a): They tend to produce discontinuous boundaries and fail to capture less salient feature, which corresponds to thin cloud pixels; (b): they are unrobust towards different scenarios. Those issues are circumvented by integrating U‐Net and the swin transformer together, with an efficiently designed dual attention mechanism based skip connection. Typically, a swin transformer based encoder‐decoder network, by incorporating a dual attentional skip connection with Swin‐UNet (DASUNet) is proposed. DASUNet captures the global relationship of image patches based on its window attention mechanism, which fits the real‐time requirement. Moreover, DASUNet characterizes the less salient features by equipping with token dual attention modules among the skip connection, which compensates the ignorance of less salient features incurred from traditional attention mechanism during the stacking of transformer layers. Experiments on ground‐based images (SWINySeg) and remote sensing images (HRC‐WHU, 38‐Cloud) show that, DASUNet achieves the state‐of‐the‐art or competitive results for cloud segmentation (six top‐1 positions of six metrics among 11 methods on SWINySeg, two top‐1 positions of five metrics among 10 methods on HRC‐WHU, two top‐1 positions of four metrics among 12 methods with ParaNum on 38‐Cloud), with 100FPS implementation speed averagely for each image.
Einsatzmöglichkeiten des Botulinum- Neurotoxins bei der Parkinson-Krankheit
Authors: Jost Wolfgang H. , Berberovic Emir 
Published: July 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBotulinum-Neurotoxin (BoNT) wird seit den 1990er-Jahren in mehreren medizinischen Disziplinen zur Therapie unterschiedlicher Symptome (Spastik, Dystonien, Schmerzen, Sialorrhoe, etc.) eingesetzt und stellt bei etlichen Indikationen die Therapie der Wahl dar. Es hemmt die Freisetzung von Acetylcholin an den motorischen Nerventerminalen und parasympathischen Ganglien, und führt somit zu einer verminderten Aktivierung der behandelten Muskeln bzw. zur Reduktion der autonomen Funktion des behandelten Gewebes. Im Rahmen der Parkinson-Krankheit (PK) wird es zur Therapie motorischer und nicht motorischer Symptome eingesetzt. Für einige Symptome der PK besteht eine Zulassung für die Therapie mit dem BoNT. Für weitere Symptome, die außerhalb der PK vorkommen können, besteht ebenfalls eine Zulassung. Jedoch sind stellenweise die Zulassungen so eng gefasst, dass die spezielle Indikation bei der PK damit nicht der Zulassung entspricht. Im folgenden Text werden die einzelnen Indikationen zur Therapie mit dem BoNT bei der PK vorgestellt.
Stellenwert von Selen bei Brustkrebs
Authors: Schomburg Lutz 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungBei verschiedenen Tumorerkrankungen ist ein Selenmangel von großer Bedeutung
für die Inzidenz. Über den Einfluss des Selenstatus auf Entstehung,
Genesung, Rezidivrisiko und Lebenserwartung beim Mammakarzinom sprach
Herausgeber Uwe Gröber mit Prof. Dr. Schomburg von der Charité Berlin. Die
labormedizinischen Messparameter und den Einsatz des Spurenelements in der
Brustkrebstherapie waren ebenfalls Thema des Interviews.
Umfassende Versorgung bis zuletzt
Authors: Pedrosa Anna J. , Pedrosa David J. 
Published: July 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Parkinson-Krankheit ist eine neurodegenerative Erkrankung, die mit erhöhter Mortalität einhergeht. Die Betroffenen leiden im Verlauf der Krankheit unter einer Vielzahl von motorischen und nicht motorischen Symptomen, die ihre Lebensqualität stark beeinträchtigen können. Durch die Umsetzung von multiprofessionellen Strategien, einschließlich einer frühzeitigen Integration von palliativen Versorgungsstrukturen, kann eine holistische und individualisierte Betreuung gewährleistet werden. Dadurch ist es möglich, Probleme der Betroffenen rechtzeitig zu erkennen und angemessen zu behandeln. Die meisten Menschen mit der Parkinson-Krankheit möchten zu Hause versterben; jedoch besprechen sie ihre Wünsche für das Lebensende nur selten mit ihren Primärversorgern. Durch eine proaktive Gesprächsführung über das Lebensende können Versorger, Bedürfnisse identifizieren, patientenzentrierte Maßnahmen umzusetzen und Autonomie stärken. Dies beinhaltet auch die Erstellung von Vorausplänen für medizinische Notfälle, was sowohl den Patientenwillen nach Eintreten der Einwilligungsunfähigkeit stärkt als auch die Belastung für Familienmitglieder verringert.
Characteristics of U.S. Baccalaureate Health Informatics Programs
Authors: McCarthy Katie A. , Eldredge Christina , Mercado Fatima , Wong Anya , Gajjar Rohan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Health informatics (HI) is a growing field of study, yet sparse data are available on the characteristics of undergraduate HI programs in the United States. The lack of a central location for U.S. HI undergraduate program data has led to a gap in information to support current efforts to promote academic standards in the field and attract potential students.
Objectives The objective of this study was to perform an environment scan of colleges and universities within the United States and Puerto Rico to identify undergraduate programs in HI including majors, minors, and undergraduate-level certificates.
Methods Potential institutions offering HI programs were identified from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), the Commission for Accreditation of Health Informatics and Health Information Management Education (CAHIIM), the Association of University Programs in Health Administration (AUPHA), the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS), and the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA). Publicly available materials for these institutions were reviewed, and data were captured for identified HI programs including geographic location; college or school in which the program was offered; type of degree (if applicable); program title; total credits to complete the program; delivery format; and source of data.
Results A total of 83 HI programs were identified from 60 institutions and 26 states. The primary finding of this environment scan was that inconsistencies exist among U.S. HI undergraduate programs including variations in offering college/school, title of program, number of credits required, delivery formats, CIP codes, and the type of information published on university/college websites.
Conclusion This environment scan was a first step in exploring the characteristics of undergraduate HI programs within the United States. Further research is needed on the curricular similarities and differences among the programs, the administrative methods of these interdisciplinary programs, and the information most needed by current and potential undergraduate students.
Initial Outcomes of Single versus Multiple-Plug Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Osteochondral Defects of the Knee: A Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Retzky Julia S. , Coxe Francesca R. , Ammerman Brittany , Neijna Ava G. , Hinkley Paige , Gomoll Andreas H. , Strickland Sabrina M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough several prior studies have described the outcomes of osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation for single osteochondral lesions, there is a paucity of comparative data on outcomes of single versus multiple OCA transplants. We aimed to describe the initial outcomes of single-plug versus multiple-plug knee OCA transplants at a minimum of 1 year of follow-up. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) between patients undergoing single-plug and multiple-plug OCA transplants at a minimum of 1 year of follow-up. We retrospectively reviewed the prospectively collected data of patients undergoing OCA transplantation for large (>2 cm2) osteochondral defects of the knee. Thirty patients who underwent multiple-plug (2 + ) OCA transplants (either single surface using the snowman technique or multi-surface) were 1:1 age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) matched with 30 patients who underwent single-plug OCA transplants. PROMs, including the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscores, were obtained both preoperatively and at a minimum of 1 year postoperatively. Failure was defined as a revision OCA or conversion to unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The cohort comprised 30 females (31 affected left knees), with an average age of 37 ± 10.3 years and median follow-up of 2.0 years (interquartile range: 1.7–2.5 years). There was a significant increase in PROMs from the preoperative to the postoperative period for the entire cohort and the single-plug versus multiple-plug subgroups (p < 0.01). There was no difference between the groups with respect to the percentage of patients who achieved the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for each PROM (p > 0.05). There were two failures, both in the single-plug group, with a mean time to failure of 3.5 years. There was no difference in the initial outcomes between patients undergoing single-plug versus multiple-plug OCA transplant at the short-term follow-up.
Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Pre-service geography teachers from normal universities in China: what do their master’s degree theses focus on and imply?
Authors: Yang Yanmei , Bu Shiyun , Li Shuhui , Tang Kui , Liu Jiayuan , Hu Wangshu , Xu Chan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMaster’s degree-level graduates in Subject Teaching (Geography) (hereinafter referred to as STG) in Chinese normal universities form a valuable pool of pre-service secondary school geography teachers. These graduates provide a comprehensive picture of the quality, focus and outcomes of current geography teacher training programs. However, there is a relative dearth of research appertaining to their research capabilities and the quality of their educational development. To address this gap, the present study adopts bibliometric and comparative analysis to shed light on the overall trends and specific characteristics of STG master’s theses from 2016 to 2022. The findings indicate that universities with divergent levels of subject assessment prioritize different research emphases, leading to variations in the depth of investigation into new teaching materials and the level of alignment with frontline geography teaching. Furthermore, in comparison with cutting-edge international and domestic research, the master’s theses of STG students are characterized by microscopic scale and insufficient depth. A three-pronged collaborative framework has therefore been advocated with the aim of enhancing the quality of STG graduates as pre-service geography teachers. This comprises close interactions among on-campus and off-campus tutors and learners, a partnership between universities and secondary schools, and inter-university cooperation.
High-precision high-speed nanopore ping-pong control system based on field programmable gate array
Authors: Mi Zhuang , Chen Xiaoyu , Zhao Xinjia , Tang Haitao , Wang Wenyu , Shan Xinyan , Lu Xinghua 
Published: July 2024

“Molecular ping-pong,” emerging as a control strategy in solid-state nanopore technology, presents a highly promising approach for repetitive measurements of single biomolecules, such as DNA. This paper introduces a high-precision, high-speed nanopore molecular ping-pong control system consisting of a home-built trans-impedance amplifier (TIA), a control system based on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and a LabVIEW program operating on the host personal computer. Through feedback compensation and post-stage boosting, the TIA achieves a high bandwidth of about 200 kHz with a gain of 100 MΩ, along with low input-referred current noise of 1.6 × 10−4 pA2/Hz at 1 kHz and 1.1 × 10−3 pA2/Hz at 100 kHz. The FPGA-based control system demonstrates a minimum overall response time (tdelay) of 6.5 μs from the analog input current signal trigger to the subsequent reversal of the analog output drive voltage signal, with a control precision of 1 μs. Additionally, a LabVIEW program has been developed to facilitate rapid data exchange and communication with the FPGA program, enabling real-time signal monitoring, parameter adjustment, and data storage. Successful recapture of individual DNA molecules at various tdelay, resulting in an improvement in capture rate by up to 2 orders of magnitude, has been demonstrated. With unprecedented control precision and capture efficiency, this system provides robust technical support and opens novel research avenues for nanopore single-molecule sensing and manipulation.
Quantum Tunneling Enhanced Hydrogen Desorption from Graphene Surface: Atomic versus Molecular Mechanism
Authors: Tong 童 Yangwu 洋武 , Yang 杨 Yong 勇 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study the desorption mechanism of hydrogen isotopes from graphene surface using first-principles calculations, with focus on the effects of quantum tunneling. At low temperatures, quantum tunneling plays a dominant role in the desorption process of both hydrogen monomers and dimers. In the case of dimer desorption, two types of mechanisms, namely the traditional one-step desorption in the form of molecules (molecular mechanism), and the two-step desorption in the form of individual atoms (atomic mechanism), are studied and compared. For the ortho-dimers, the dominant desorption mechanism is found to switch from the molecular mechanism to the atomic mechanism above a critical temperature, which is ∼ 300 K and 200 K for H and D, respectively.
Efficient determination of Born-effective charges, LO-TO splitting, and Raman tensors of solids with a real-space atom-centered deep learning approach
Authors: Malenfant-Thuot Olivier , Ryczko Kevin , Tamblyn Isaac , Côté Michel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We introduce a deep neural network (DNN) framework called the Real-space Atomic Decomposition NETwork (radnet), which is capable of making accurate predictions of polarization and of electronic dielectric permittivity tensors in solids and aims to address limitations of previously available machine learning models for Raman predictions in periodic systems. This framework builds on previous, atom-centered approaches while utilizing deep convolutional neural networks. We report excellent accuracies on direct predictions for two prototypical examples: GaAs and BN. We then use automatic differentiation to efficiently calculate the Born-effective charges, longitudinal optical-transverse optical (LO-TO) splitting frequencies, and Raman tensors of these materials. We compute the Raman spectra, and find agreement with ab initio results. Lastly, we explore ways to generalize the predictions of polarization while taking into account periodic boundary conditions and symmetries.
Online LiDAR-camera extrinsic parameters self-checking and recalibration
Authors: Wei Pengjin , Yan Guohang , You Xin , Fang Kun , Ma Tao , Liu Wei , Yang Jie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
During production, smart cars are equipped with calibrated LiDARs and cameras. However, due to the vibrations that inevitably occur during driving, the sensors’ extrinsic parameters may change slightly over time. It is a significant challenge to ensure the ongoing security of these systems throughout the car’s lifetime. To address this issue, we propose a self-checking and recalibration algorithm that can continuously detect the sensor data of intelligent vehicles. If the sensor’s miscalibration is detected, the data can be repaired promptly to ensure the vehicle’s reliability. Our self-checking algorithm extracts features from the point cloud and image and performs pixel-wise comparisons. To improve feature quality, we utilize the patch-wise transformer to enhance local information exchange, which also benefits the subsequent extrinsic recalibration. To facilitate the study, we generate two customized datasets from the KITTI dataset and the Waymo Open Dataset. The experiments conducted on these datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in accurately calibrating the LiDAR and camera systems throughout the car’s lifetime. This study is the first to highlight the importance of continually checking the calibrated extrinsic parameters for autonomous driving. Our findings contribute to the broader goal of improving safety and reliability in autonomous driving systems. The dataset and code are available at https://github.com/OpenCalib/LiDAR2camera_self-check.
Research on wavelet packet energy entropy extraction method for acoustic signal of tunnel lining cavity
Authors: Boyang Fan , Weigang Zhao , Jinghui Ju , Xiushu Tian , Weikang Zheng , Yong Yang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Tunnel lining cavity is a common disease in high-speed railway tunnels, which seriously affects the safe operation of the line. At present, the commonly used method is manual knocking inspection, but it relies on manual judgment, subjective factors have great influence, and there are errors. This paper proposes a feature extraction method of acoustic vibration signal of tunnel lining cavity based on wavelet packet energy entropy and uses wavelet packet energy entropy to realize the identification of cavity defects. The full-scale simulation model of tunnel with a radius of 6 m was constructed by COMSOL and different cavity conditions were set up. The wavelet packet energy entropy characteristics of acoustic signals were extracted and analyzed. The mapping relationship between cavity depth and cavity size and wavelet packet energy entropy was explored. The wavelet packet energy entropy and frequency band distribution characteristics were extracted to realize the identification of cavity defects. The local model which can characterize the whole tunnel is designed and the embedded defects are verified by experiments. The results show that the wavelet packet energy entropy can be used as the identification feature of tunnel lining cavity defects. When the wavelet packet energy entropy is less than 2.53, the existence of tunnel lining cavity defects is characterized. When the wavelet packet energy entropy is in the range of 2.53–2.94, it characterizes the existence of the transition boundary between tunnel lining cavity defect and no disease. This index can be used to realize the rapid and effective identification of cavity defects.