bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using environmental flows to inform integrated water resource management in critically water scarce regions
Authors: Graham P. Mark , Pattinson Nicholas B. , Stassen Retha , Pike Trevor , Hamidan Nashat A. F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEnvironmental flows (e‐flows) assessments are a powerful mechanism for enhancing and conserving the ecosystem goods and services rivers provide while allocating water to essential human use. There is a paucity of e‐flows assessments and implementation in water scarce regions such as the Middle East, where limited freshwater resources are under extreme pressure. We conducted a first e‐flows assessment of the Mujib River, a vitally important freshwater resource for biodiversity and people in Jordan. We employed a holistic approach based on the building block method (BBM), using expert knowledge, assessment and integration of the hydrology, hydraulics, fish, macroinvertebrates, vegetation, habitat integrity and benthic diatoms of the Mujib River to perform an e‐flows determination. Several significant threats to its ecology and fresh water supply were identified. The most significant was the absence of flooding and abstraction associated with upstream impoundments, as well as reliance on over‐exploited and severely pressured groundwater‐maintained flows. Overall, this paper presents the first e‐flows assessment for the Mujib River in Jordan, a vital step towards improved water resource monitoring and management in water scarce regions, and serves to highlight the urgent global need for e‐flows to preserve our critical freshwater systems.
Extending Canadian forest disturbance history maps prior to 1985
Authors: Correia David L. P. , Guindon Luc , Parisien Marc‐André 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn accurate depiction of wildfire, harvesting, and insect outbreak disturbances is essential for sustainable ecosystem management of forests in Canada. Even though the advent of temporally consistent 30‐m resolution Landsat data has enabled the detailed mapping of forest disturbances in Canada from 1985 onward, the disturbance record prior to 1985 remains sparse. This study aimed to extend the existing pre‐1985 disturbance history record by mapping wildfire, harvest, and insect outbreaks in Canadian forests between 1965 and 1984. Our geospatial data processing methodology relied on multilayer perceptrons (MLP) trained on spectral recovery signatures to map and age these disturbances. Our model detected approximately 4.8, 7.3, and 3.8 million ha of burnt, harvested, and insect‐ravaged forest areas, respectively, that were absent from national and provincial disturbance databases and forest inventories. Results were validated using both internal and external validation datasets. Our disturbance detection methodology was highly effective, with an internal validation kappa score of 0.91 and an external score of 0.81. The fire and harvest age disturbance MLPs, whose predictions can also be used as a proxy of forest stand age, performed adequately on the internal (fire R2 = 0.675; root mean squared error [RMSE] = 4.42; harvest R2 = 0.723; RMSE = 3.17) and external validation datasets (fire R2 = 0.242; RMSE = 4.69; harvest R2 = 0.257; RMSE = 5.46), outperforming existing forest age disturbance products. Finally, we relied on several open data products, such as provincial forest inventories, to correct our disturbance type and year prediction whenever these more reliable, but incomplete, data sources were available. Specific years were not assigned to insect outbreaks due to the lack of dependable training and validation data. We also illustrate how extending the existing forest disturbance record by 20 years may provide a more in‐depth understanding of landscape‐disturbance dynamics with a case study of the 2023 Canadian wildfire season.
Seasonal timing of fluorescence and photosynthetic yields at needle and canopy scales in evergreen needleleaf forests
Authors: Pierrat Zoe Amie , Magney Troy , Maguire Andrew , Brissette Logan , Doughty Russell , Bowling David R. , Logan Barry , Parazoo Nicholas , Frankenberg Christian , Stutz Jochen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe seasonal timing and magnitude of photosynthesis in evergreen needleleaf forests (ENFs) has major implications for the carbon cycle and is increasingly sensitive to changing climate. Earlier spring photosynthesis can increase carbon uptake over the growing season or cause early water reserve depletion that leads to premature cessation and increased carbon loss. Determining the start and the end of the growing season in ENFs is challenging due to a lack of field measurements and difficulty in interpreting satellite data, which are impacted by snow and cloud cover, and the pervasive “greenness” of these systems. We combine continuous needle‐scale chlorophyll fluorescence measurements with tower‐based remote sensing and gross primary productivity (GPP) estimates at three ENF sites across a latitudinal gradient (Colorado, Saskatchewan, Alaska) to link physiological changes with remote sensing signals during transition seasons. We derive a theoretical framework for observations of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and solar intensity‐normalized SIF (SIFrelative) under snow‐covered conditions, and show decreased sensitivity compared with reflectance data (~20% reduction in measured SIF vs. ~60% reduction in near‐infrared vegetation index [NIRv] under 50% snow cover). Needle‐scale fluorescence and photochemistry strongly correlated (r2 = 0.74 in Colorado, 0.70 in Alaska) and showed good agreement on the timing and magnitude of seasonal transitions. We demonstrate that this can be scaled to the site level with tower‐based estimates of LUEP and SIFrelative which were well correlated across all sites (r2 = 0.70 in Colorado, 0.53 in Saskatchewan, 0.49 in Alaska). These independent, temporally continuous datasets confirm an increase in physiological activity prior to snowmelt across all three evergreen forests. This suggests that data‐driven and process‐based carbon cycle models which assume negligible physiological activity prior to snowmelt are inherently flawed, and underscores the utility of SIF data for tracking phenological events. Our research probes the spectral biology of evergreen forests and highlights spectral methods that can be applied in other ecosystems.
Pro‐adrenomedullin associates with congestion in acute heart failure patients
Authors: Beer Benedikt N. , Keshtkaran Saman , Kellner Caroline , Besch Lisa , Sundermeyer Jonas , Dettling Angela , Kirchhof Paulus , Blankenberg Stefan , Magnussen Christina , Schrage Benedikt 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimCongestion is a major determinant of outcomes in acute heart failure. Its assessment is complex, making sufficient decongestive therapy a challenge. Residual congestion is frequent at discharge, increasing the risk of re‐hospitalization and death. Mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin mirrors vascular integrity and may therefore be an objective marker to quantify congestion and to guide decongestive therapies in patients with acute heart failure.Methods and resultsObservational, prospective, single‐centre study in unselected patients presenting with acute heart failure. This study aimed to assess adrenomedullin's association with congestion and clinical outcomes: in‐hospital death, post‐discharge mortality and in‐hospital worsening heart failure according to RELAX‐AHF‐2 trial criteria. Pro‐adrenomedullin was quantified at baseline and at discharge. Congestion was assessed applying clinical scores. Cox and logistic regression models with adjustment for clinical features were fitted. N = 233, median age 77 years (IQR 67, 83), 148 male (63.5%). Median pro‐adrenomedullin 2.0 nmol/L (IQR 1.4, 2.9). Eight patients (3.5%) died in hospital and 100 (44.1%) experienced in‐hospital worsening heart failure. After discharge, 60 patients (36.6%) died over a median follow‐up of 1.92 years (95% CI: 1.76, 2.46). Pro‐adrenomedullin concentrations (logarithmized) were significantly associated with congestion, both at enrolment (β = 0.36 and 0.81 depending on score, each P < 0.05) and at discharge (β = 1.12, P < 0.001). Enrolment of pro‐adrenomedullin was associated with in‐hospital worsening heart failure [OR 4.23 (95% CI: 1.87, 9.58), P < 0.001], and pro‐adrenomedullin at discharge was associated with post‐discharge death [HR 3.93 (1.86, 8.67), P < 0.001].ConclusionElevated pro‐adrenomedullin is associated with in‐hospital worsening heart failure and with death during follow‐up in patients with acute heart failure. Further research is needed to validate this finding and to explore the ability of pro‐adrenomedullin to guide decongestive treatment.
Thermally Stable Heteroleptic Trans‐Bis(Chelate) Ruthenium(II) Complex Bearing 2,2’‐Bipyridine and Acetylacetonato: Synthesis, Isomerization, and Crystal Structure
Authors: Toyama Mari , Fujimoto Daichi , Kawakami Yusuke , Tanaka Shiho 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThermally stable trans‐bis(chelate)‐type Ru(II) complexes are challenging to prepare owing to steric hindrance between the two chelate ligands. Herein, we investigated the isomerization of a heteroleptic cis‐bis(chelate) complex to obtain its trans form. cis‐[Ru(acac)(bpy)(dmso‐S)2](OTf)⋅0.5H2O (1⋅(OTf)⋅0.5H2O; acac−=acetylacetonato; bpy=2,2’‐bipyridine; dmso=dimethyl sulfoxide; OTf−=CF3SO3−) was prepared by reacting trans(O,S)‐[Ru(bpy)(dmso‐S)2(dmso‐O)2](OTf)2 (P0) with Li(acac) in acetone at 298 K. In 1⋅(OTf)⋅0.5H2O, the two labile dmso‐O ligands of P0 were replaced by an acac− ligand. The dihedral angle between the chelate rings of bpy and acac− in 1+ was 76.7°, suggesting steric hindrance between ligands owing to the two bulky dmso‐S ligands at the cis position. 1⋅(OTf)⋅0.5H2O was thermally stable in DMSO and acetone; however, in methanol and water, a dmso‐S ligand was dissociated from 1+, and the complex isomerized to trans‐[Ru(acac)(bpy)(dmso‐S)(solvent)]+. Refluxing of 1⋅(OTf)⋅0.5H2O in methanol for 18 h, evaporation to dryness under vacuum, and treatment with water yielded trans‐[Ru(acac)(bpy)(dmso‐S)(OH2)](OTf) (2⋅(OTf)) with excellent purity. 2⋅(OTf) was characterized by X‐ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. As expected, steric hindrance was not observed between the trans‐arranged bpy and acac−, and the two chelates laid flat on the equatorial plane in 2+.
Synthesis and EPR Studies of Zinc and Copper Tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amines (TPMA) Metal Complexes Containing TEMPO Functionalities
Authors: Badetti Elena , Lloveras Vega , Raulin Melvin , Scaramuzzo Francesca A. , Veciana Jaume , Vidal‐Gancedo José , Licini Giulia , Zonta Cristiano 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA new family of stable radical‐containing polytopic ligands based on tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amines TPMA architecture and their corresponding metal complexes have been synthesized. These molecular systems offered the possibility to investigate how various spin carriers, such as the metal ion and the organic radical, influence their EPR properties mainly through the empirical ratio of peak heights d1/d. Moreover, it has been possible to analyze how different conformations of TEMPO radical units in the molecular skeleton affect the metallic system.
Seizure emergency code strategy: Improving treatment times and hospital outcomes for patients with urgent epileptic seizures
Authors: Espinosa‐Jovel Camilo , Riveros Sandra , Valencia‐Enciso Natalia , Velásquez Alberto , Vergara‐Palma Juan , Sobrino‐Mejía Fidel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTimely treatment is one of the most relevant prognostic factors in patients with urgent epileptic seizures. Despite the available evidence, treatment times remain suboptimal. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the impact of the “seizure code” in an emergency department, focusing on both treatment times and hospital outcomes of patients with urgent epileptic seizures.MethodsAn ambispective cohort study was conducted in the emergency department of a public hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Treatment times and hospital outcomes were evaluated both before and after the implementation of the seizure code.ResultsA total of 336 patients were included (94 in the pre‐seizure code period and 242 in the post‐seizure code period). Both cohorts were comparable in terms of clinical and demographic baseline characteristics. After the implementation of the seizure code, in‐hospital treatment times improved among patients with status epilepticus and seizure cluster. For the group of patients with status epilepticus, the time from arrival to the first benzodiazepine decreased from a median of 100.5 min (IQR: 43–152.5) to a median of 20 min (IQR: 10–45) (p = .0063), and the time from arrival to the first non‐benzodiazepine antiseizure medication decreased from a median of 155 min (IQR: 49–194) to a median of 39 min (IQR: 25–57) (p = .0071). For the group of patients with seizure cluster, the time from arrival to the first non‐benzodiazepine antiseizure medication decreased from a median of 296 min (IQR: 112.5–409) to a median of 72 min (IQR: 46–111) (p < .001). The seizure code significantly decreased the risk of inappropriate benzodiazepine use (p = .0087), in‐hospital seizure recurrence (p < .001), in‐hospital mortality (p = .0074), and prolonged hospitalizations (more than 48 h) (p = .0475).SignificanceThe seizure code shortens the time to treatment, reduces the length of hospital stay, decreases the risk of inappropriate benzodiazepine use, and lowers both the in‐hospital seizure recurrence and in‐hospital mortality among patients with urgent epileptic seizures.
A hybrid intrusion detection approach based on message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol in industrial internet of things
Authors: Francis Georg Thamer , Souri Alireza , İnanç Nihat 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe number of attacks against Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices has increased over the past years, particularly on widely used communication protocols like Message Queuing Telemetry Transfer (MQTT). The fast increase in IIoT applications brings both critical challenges and technical gaps in cybersecurity. On the other hand, traditional cyber‐attack detection approaches scrap to address and support the run‐time responsibilities of IIoT environments. This study presents a hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Random Forest (GA_RF) method for detecting cyber‐attacks in Industrial Control Machines (ICS) that use MQTT protocol in the IIoT environment. This architecture integrates ICS with edge devices and cloud servers, using a GA_RF algorithm to detect anomalies in data collected by sensors. Normal data is processed locally and then sent to the cloud for storage and return, ensuring continuous monitoring and security. Also, the MQTT‐IOT‐IDS2020 dataset as a real test case was applied for prediction of the proposed GA_RF method with compare to some other powerful machine and deep learning models. The experimental results show that the proposed GA_RF method has an optimum accuracy of 99.87%–100% for detecting cyber‐attacks. This hybrid algorithm also achieved 0–0.0015 in Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and 100% in Precision, Recall, and F‐score factors. This result led to the proposed architecture, which connects the ICS to a server while running GA_RF on the IIoT environment. In conclusion, this study indicates the effectiveness of GA_RF and aims to improve security by using the MQTT protocol in IIoT.
Diospyros kaki fruit extract produces antiarthritic and antinociceptive effects in rats with complete Freund's adjuvant‐induced arthritis
Authors: Forouzanfar Fatemeh , Mirdoosti Motahareh , Akaberi Maryam , Rezaee Ramin , Esmaeili Seyed‐Alireza , Saburi Ehsan , Mahaki Hanie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCurrent treatments for rheumatoid arthritis produce untoward effects; thus, considerable effort has been made to recognize effective herbal medicines against the condition. In the present study, the therapeutic effect of Diospyros kaki fruit hydroalcoholic extract (DFHE) on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced arthritis in rats was investigated. The extract was characterized using liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry (LC‐ESIMS). Male Wistar rats were grouped as follows (eight rats in each): control, CFA, CFA + indomethacin (5 mg/kg), CFA + DFHE (50 mg/kg), and CFA + DFHE (100 mg/kg). Paw volume, mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and arthritis score were evaluated. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), thiol groups, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were evaluated. Carotenoids were found to be the major components of DFHE. Administration of DFHE (100 mg/kg) significantly decreased arthritis score, paw volume, and thermal hyperalgesia, and improved mechanical allodynia. MDA and TNF‐α levels were decreased while thiol levels and SOD and GPx activities were increased in DFHE‐treated groups compared to the CFA group. These results suggest that D. kaki extract caused an improvement in clinical signs of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms possibly through suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation.
Assessment of gastroesophageal reflux disease signs, symptoms, and food behaviors concerning mental health in Herat, Afghanistan: A descriptive study
Authors: Saeedy Said A. G. , Faiz Ahmad F. , Rahimi Ali , Shayan Nasar A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder with modifiable risk factors that are associated with considerable health and economic burdens. The current study was conducted to assess the signs and symptoms, food behaviors, depression, anxiety, and stress related to GERD in Herat, Afghanistan.MethodsA descriptive study was conducted between August 29 and October 20, 2020, among patients with GERD symptoms, who provided informed verbal consent at the Mowaffaq Clinic and Sehat Hospital in Herat, Afghanistan. The minimum sample size was 384. Data were collected using a three‐domain questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 42 standard questionnaire. SPSS version 27 was used to perform descriptive statistics and χ2 tests.ResultsThe sample consisted of 396 patients, with the majority being female (67.9%), married (78.5%), and illiterate (34.8%). Heartburn (88.1%) and regurgitation (84.3%) were the most common symptoms reported by participants. Tomato consumption (60.1%) was the most frequent type of eating behavior. Most patients reported severe anxiety (45.9%) and showed statistically significant differences in age, sex, education level, and cigarette usage. This study also found that certain demographic status, eating behaviors, and symptoms were associated with significantly different depression, anxiety, and stress scores among patients with GERD.ConclusionOur study demonstrates the association between GERD and various modifiable risk factors in Herat, Afghanistan. Public health initiatives focusing on preventive measures and raising awareness can potentially alleviate the burden of GERD. Moreover, further research and targeted interventions are essential to improve health outcomes, particularly among patients with GERD, who may experience psychological comorbidities.
Interpregnancy interval and adverse perinatal outcomes: A within‐individual comparative method
Authors: Sevoyan Maria , Geraci Marco , Frongillo Edward A. , Liu Jihong , Boghossian Nansi S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimPreviously observed associations between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and perinatal outcomes using a between‐individual method may be confounded by unmeasured maternal factors. This study aims to examine the association between IPI and adverse perinatal outcomes using within‐individual comparative analyses.MethodsWe studied 10,647 individuals from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Consecutive Pregnancies Study in Utah with ≥3 liveborn singleton pregnancies. We matched two IPIs per individual and used conditional logistic regression to examine the association between IPI and adverse perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB, <37 weeks’ gestation), small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA, <10th percentile of sex‐specific birthweight for gestational age), low birthweight (LBW, <2,500 g), and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Point and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimates were adjusted for factors that vary across pregnancies within individuals.ResultsCIs did not unequivocally support either an increase or a decrease in the odds of PTB (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.96), SGA (aOR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.28), LBW (aOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 0.90, 2.80), or NICU admission (aOR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.40) for an IPI <6 months compared to 18–23‐months IPI (reference), and neither did the CIs for the aOR of IPIs of 6–11 and 12–18 months compared to the reference. In contrast, an IPI ≥24 months was associated with increased odds of LBW (aOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.66 for 24–29 months; aOR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.21, 4.29 for 30–35 months; and aOR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.72 for ≥36 months).ConclusionsUsing a within‐individual comparative method, we did not find evidence that a short IPI compared to the recommended IPI of 18–23 months was associated with increased odds of PTB, SGA, LBW, and NICU admission. IPI ≥ 24 months was associated with increased odds of delivering an LBW infant.
Clinicopathological and prognostic role of CEP55 expression in cancer patients: A meta‐analysis of 31 studies with 12,543 patients
Authors: Zhang Jiangguo , Zhang Xiaoyin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDysregulated expression of centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) has been detected in multiple types of cancers. However, the clinical value of CEP55 expression in cancer is controversial. The current meta‐analysis quantitatively investigated the association between CEP55 expression and prognostic outcomes in cancers.MethodsA literature search was performed using the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang databases, Web of Science, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library for primary studies. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were used to investigate the association between CEP55 expression and its prognostic and clinicopathological value in cancers.ResultsA total of 12,543 patients from 31 studies were included in this meta‐analysis. High CEP55 expression was significantly associated with poor differentiation, deeper tumor invasion and increased lymph node metastasis in cancer patients. The pooled results indicated that elevated CEP55 expression can predict a poor overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in cancers. These results should be interpreted with caution because of publication bias. However, the pooled HR for OS of lung cancers was 1.50 (95% CI = 1.36–1.67, p < 0.01) with no heterogeneity and publication bias.ConclusionsCEP55 overexpression correlated with poor cancer differentiation, deeper tumor invasion, and increased lymph node metastasis, suggesting that CEP55 may serve as a predictive and prognostic biomarker for cancers, especially for lung cancers.