bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and Interfacial Properties of Hyperbranched‐Linear Polymer Surfactant
Authors: Qiang Taotao , Bu Qiaoqiao , Huang Zhaofeng , Wang Xuechuan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWith oleic acid grafting modification, a series of hyperbranched‐linear polymer surfactants (HLPS) were prepared by hydroxyl‐terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP), which was gained through a step synthesis method using trimethylolpropane and AB2 monomer. The AB2 monomers were obtained through the Michael addition reaction of methyl acrylate and diethanol amine. The structures of HLPS were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which indicated that HBP was successfully modified by oleic acid. Furthermore, the properties of surface tension and critical micelle concentration of HLPS solution showed that HLPS can significantly reduce the surface tension of water. The morphology of the HLPS solution was characterised by dynamic light scattering, which revealed that HLPS exhibited a nonmonotonic appearance in particle size at different scattering angles owing to the different replaced linear portions. The relationships of the surface pressure to monolayer area and time were measured using the Langmuir–Blodgett instrument, which showed that the surface tension of monolayer molecules increased with the increasing of hydrophobic groups. In addition, the interface conditions of different replaced HLPS solutions were simulated.
Challenging Behaviours, Co-morbidities, Service Utilisation and Service Access among Community-dwelling Adults with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Simpson Grahame K. , Sabaz Mark , Daher Maysaa , Gordon Robert , Strettles Barbara 
Published: May 2014

Objective: To examine patterns, predictors and unmet needs of service utilisation and access to mental health and/or drug and alcohol services among community-dwelling adults with severe traumatic brain injury, and compare those who displayed challenging behaviours with those not displaying challenging behaviour.Design: Retrospective multicentre study.Subjects: All active clients (n= 507) of the New South Wales (NSW) Brain Injury Rehabilitation Program (BIRP) community rehabilitation teams.Methods: Clinician-rated data were collected on client challenging behaviours, mental health and functional status, service utilisation and unmet needs. Between-groups analyses (challenging behaviour versus no challenging behaviours) were conducted to examine patterns of service utilisation and unmet needs. Predictors for service utilisation were tested by multiple linear regression.Results: Challenging behaviours were associated with higher use of BIRP and non-BIRP services and greater levels of unmet needs. Challenging behaviour was an independent predictor of higher levels of service utilisation, in conjunction with pre- and post-injury mental health and drug and alcohol co-morbidities and geographic location. Only 15.3% of the 111 clients with challenging behaviours and co-morbid drug and alcohol problems accessed a drug and alcohol service, while another 32.4% had unmet needs for such services.Conclusion: Challenging behaviours make an independent contribution to increased levels of service utilisation after severe traumatic brain injury.
Estimating the value of von Kármán’s constant in turbulent pipe flow
Authors: Bailey S. C. C. , Vallikivi M. , Hultmark M. , Smits A. J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFive separate data sets on the mean velocity distributions in the Princeton University/ONR Superpipe are used to establish the best estimate for the value of von Kármán’s constant for the flow in a fully developed, hydraulically smooth pipe. The profiles were taken using Pitot tubes, conventional hot wires and nanoscale thermal anemometry probes. The value of the constant was found to vary significantly due to measurement uncertainties in the mean velocity, friction velocity and the wall distance, and the number of data points included in the analysis. The best estimate for the von Kármán constant in turbulent pipe flow is found to be $0.40 \pm 0.02$. A more precise estimate will require improved instrumentation.
Passive boundary layer control of oblique disturbances by finite-amplitude streaks
Authors: Shahinfar Shahab , Sattarzadeh Sohrab S. , Fransson Jens H. M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRecent experimental results on the attenuation of two-dimensional Tollmien–Schlichting wave (TSW) disturbances by means of passive miniature vortex generators (MVGs) have shed new light on the possibility of delaying transition to turbulence and hence accomplishing skin-friction drag reduction. A recurrent concern has been whether this passive flow control strategy would work for other types of disturbances than plane TSWs in an experimental configuration where the incoming disturbance is allowed to fully interact with the MVG array. In the present experimental investigation we show that not only TSW disturbances are attenuated, but also three-dimensional single oblique wave (SOW) and pair of oblique waves (POW) disturbances are quenched in the presence of MVGs, and that transition delay can be obtained successfully. For the SOW disturbance an unusual interaction between the wave and the MVGs occurs, leading to a split of the wave with one part travelling with a ‘mirrored’ phase angle with respect to the spanwise direction on one side of the MVG centreline. This gives rise to $\Lambda $-vortices on the centreline, which force a low-speed streak on the centreline, strong enough to overcome the high-speed streak generated by the MVGs themselves. Both these streaky boundary layers seem to act stabilizing on unsteady perturbations. The challenge in a passive control method making use of a non-modal type of disturbances to attenuate modal disturbances lies in generating stable streamwise streaks which do not themselves break down to turbulence.
A mixture theory for size and density segregation in shallow granular free-surface flows
Authors: Tunuguntla D. R. , Bokhove O. , Thornton A. R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn the past ten years much work has been undertaken on developing mixture theory continuum models to describe kinetic sieving-driven size segregation. We propose an extension to these models that allows their application to bidisperse flows over inclined channels, with particles varying in density and size. Our model incorporates both a recently proposed explicit formula for how the total pressure is distributed among different species of particles, which is one of the key elements of mixture theory-based kinetic sieving models, and a shear rate-dependent drag. The resulting model is used to predict the range of particle sizes and densities for which the mixture segregates. The prediction of no segregation in the model is benchmarked by using discrete particle simulations, and good agreement is found when a single fitting parameter is used which determines whether the pressure scales with the diameter, surface area or volume of the particle.
An Update: Is Globalization Continuing to Benefit American Wine Drinkers?
Authors: Gokcekus Omer , Lee Bernard 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAs in the 17 years leading up to 2005, as shown in Gokcekus and Fargnoli (2007), there was no change in quality between 2006 and 2012. There was more variety and, perhaps most importantly, the average real price of wines on Wine Spectator's Top 100 List declined even faster. However, rather than wines from the New-New World and Non-incumbent countries, it was wines from Italy, Spain, and Portugal—New-Old World—that were primarily responsible for these beneficial changes (greater variety and more affordable wines in the Top 100 List) for American wine drinkers. (JEL Classifications: F120, F140, C200)
On defining image schemas
Authors: MANDLER JEAN M. , PAGÁN CÁNOVAS CRISTÓBAL 
Published: May 2014

abstractIn this theoretical paper we propose three different kinds of cognitive structure that have not been differentiated in the psychological and cognitive linguistic literatures. They are spatial primitives, image schemas, and schematic integrations. Spatial primitives are the first conceptual building blocks formed in infancy, image schemas are simple spatial stories built from them, and schematic integrations use the first two types to build concepts that include non-spatial elements, such as force and emotion. These different kinds of structure have all come under the umbrella term of ‘image schemas’. However, they differ in their content, developmental origin, imageability, and role in meaning construction in language and in thought. The present paper indicates how preverbal conceptualization needs to be taken into account for a complete understanding of image schemas and their uses. It provides examples to illustrate this influence, the most important of these being the primacy of imageable spatial information.
Genealogy and Ambivalence of a Therapeutic Heterodoxy. Islam and Tibetan Medicine in North-western India
Authors: PORDIÉ LAURENT 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the case of a Shiite practitioner of Tibetan medicine in Ladakh, North-western India. It recounts the story of a Buddhist family converted to Islam, for which the abandonment of religion has not led to the discontinuation of a lineal medical practice known to have Buddhist overtones. This situation provides an invitation to explore the social consequences of maintaining the practice in a region characterized by religious conflict, as well as the criteria of sameness and difference, technique and genealogy that make a marked ‘other’ a practitioner of Tibetan medicine. These religious overlaps are, however, not only apparent at the social level; they are also present in the preparation of medicines, in etiological narratives or in the physical regimes of bodily care. The composite nature of medical practice helps us to observe from a new angle the role of religion in the practice of Tibetan medicine. The way medicine is enacted and performed in this context provides empirical materials to study the paradigms that both structure and confer motion to Tibetan learned medicine. The ethnography of a remote region in the Himalayas opens up research paths for the anthropology of Asian medicine amongst new categories of healers and renewed contexts of practice.
A frame-analytical perspective on conflict between people and an expanding wolf Canis lupus population in central Italy
Authors: Vitali Chiara 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAttempts to mitigate conflict between wolves and livestock breeding in the Mugello area of central Italy have so far proven to be costly, resource-intensive and fraught with tension. I applied frame analysis as a tool for investigating the roots of such tensions. The frame-analytical perspective highlighted that, while current policy focuses on improving technical approaches, conflict is also fuelled by a discrepancy in the frames of meaning that groups of stakeholders construct around the issue of wolf management. I outline two discordant frames: a dominant valuable wolf frame, currently underlying policy, and a political wolf frame that challenges existing management aims. Barriers to communication and potential points of mediation are identified. In addition, I outline a third, problematic wolf frame that may act as a potential aid in the process of bridging the two discordant frames, which is identified as a condition for successful wolf management.
Hospital Policies and Nurses’Attitudes in Israel towards Paid carers’ Tasks during Patient Hospitalization
Authors: Iecovich Esther , Rabin Barbara , Penchak Michal 
Published: May 2014

RÉSUMÉBeaucoup de patients âgés hospitalisés sont fonctionellement dépendant et, pendant leur hospitalisation, ils emploient soignants rémunérés pour effectuer diverses tâches. Cette étude a examiné les attitudes des infirmières au sujet des tâches que les soignants doivent ou ne doivent pas être autorisés à jouer dans la prestation de soins durant l’hospitalisation, et les facteurs sous-jacents ces attitudes des infirmières vers les soignants rémunérés. L’étude a impliqué des interviews de cinq informateurs clés, tels que les infirmières en chef et les directeurs médicaux dans deux hôpitaux et des enquêtes sur 265 infirmières en médicine interne et gériatrie générale. Bien que pas de politiques ou directives formelles existent en ce qui concerne les tâches effectuées par les soignants rémunérés, la plupart des infirmières croyaient que les soignants rémunérés devraient être autorisés à effectuer certaines tâches, sauf pour celles qui entraînent soins infirmiers professionnels. Les caractéristiques des infirmières et des hôpitaux ont contribué à expliquer les attitudes des infirmières envers la participation des soignants remunérés avec les bénéficiaires âgés de soins. Les résultats de cette étude indiquent un besoin de politiques explicites et des orientations pratiques pour soignants rémunérés de patients âgés au cours de l’hospitalisation.
Controlled Environment Specimen Transfer
Authors: Damsgaard Christian D. , Zandbergen Henny , W. Hansen Thomas , Chorkendorff Ib , B. Wagner Jakob 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSpecimen transfer under controlled environment conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and gas composition, is necessary to conduct successive complementary in situ characterization of materials sensitive to ambient conditions. The in situ transfer concept is introduced by linking an environmental transmission electron microscope to an in situ X-ray diffractometer through a dedicated transmission electron microscope specimen transfer holder, capable of sealing the specimen in a gaseous environment at elevated temperatures. Two catalyst material systems have been investigated; Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst for methanol synthesis and a Co/Al2O3 catalyst for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Both systems are sensitive to ambient atmosphere as they will oxidize after relatively short air exposure. The Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst, was reduced in the in situ X-ray diffractometer set-up, and subsequently, successfully transferred in a reactive environment to the environmental transmission electron microscope where further analysis on the local scale were conducted. The Co/Al2O3 catalyst was reduced in the environmental microscope and successfully kept reduced outside the microscope in a reactive environment. The in situ transfer holder facilitates complimentary in situ experiments of the same specimen without changing the specimen state during transfer.
Seeking and experiencing meaning: Exploring the role of meaning in promoting mental adjustment and eudaimonic well-being in cancer patients
Authors: Scrignaro Marta , Bianchi Elisabetta , Brunelli Cinzia , Miccinesi Guido , Ripamonti Carla Ida , Magrin Maria Elena , Borreani Claudia 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjective:The present study is the result of theory-driven research investigating the role of the search for and presence of meaning in enhancing both mental adjustment and eudaimonic well-being in cancer patients.Method:A cross-sectional study involved 266 cancer patients currently in the treatment and management phase of their illness. Data were collected by a written questionnaire. The search for meaning was assessed with the Seeking of Noetic Goals Test, and the presence of meaning was assessed using the Purpose in Life Test. Mental adjustment to a cancer diagnosis was assessed by two subscales of the Italian version of the Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale, and eudaimonic well-being was assessed with the Psychological Well-Being Scale. Correlation and mediation analyses based on five thousand bootstrapping samples were performed.Results:The mediation analyses showed that the presence of meaning totally or partially mediated the effect of the search for meaning on both mental adjustment and eudaimonic well-being. Further correlation analyses showed a high negative correlation between eudaimonic well-being and hopelessness.Significance of results:Our results appear relevant from both the theoretical and clinical points of view. They support a deeper understanding of the combined contribution of the search for and presence of meaning in promoting well-being in cancer patients. Simultaneously, they are consistent with suggestions from recent studies on the clinical psychology of posttraumatic growth and emphasize the relevance of eudaimonic well-being as a protective factor for hopelessness.
Factors contributing to economic burden in lung cancer spousal caregivers
Authors: Kavanaugh Melinda , Kramer Betty J. , Walsh Matthew Cunningham , Trentham-Dietz Amy 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjective:The determinates of economic burden in lung cancer caregivers are poorly understood. Of particular interest is the role patient symptoms play in caregiver economic burden. Guided by a stress process conceptual framework, this study examined the predictors of economic burden reported by lung cancer spousal caregivers. Our study focused on the pathway of contextual and stressor variables leading to economic burden in lung cancer caregivers.Method:Relying on survey data from 138 spouses, structural equation modeling was employed to examine the determinants of economic burden measured using the Family Impact Survey. Contextual variables included age, gender, education, and income; and stressor variables included patient physical and mental symptoms, as well as number of children in the home.Results:A significant indirect path between age and economic distress through patient symptoms (p = 0.05) indicates younger spouses providing care for patients with more symptoms and reporting greater economic burden. Direct effects between contextual variables and economic burden revealed that caregivers with less education (p = 0.02) and those with more children at home (p = 0.01) reported more adverse economic outcomes.Significance of Results:Numerous factors impact spousal caregivers' economic burden, including the presence of children at home, being a younger caregiver, and lower educational attainment by caregivers. Moreover, the direct effects between age and economic burden were not significant, supporting the clear role patient symptoms play in the path to economic burden in spousal caregivers. These results underscore the need for healthcare providers to address psychosocial factors when dealing with patients and families with lung cancer. Specifically, the results highlight the importance of addressing patient symptoms early before they threaten the family's economic well-being.
CBT for OCD: habituation or cognitive shift?
Authors: Morris Lottie , Nightingale Jim 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) including Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is recommended by NICE as the psychological treatment of choice for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Twenty-five percent of OCD patients refuse ERP, and many psychologists advocate formulation-driven cognitive therapy, including ERP, as opposed to ERP alone. However, a recent meta-analysis suggested there is insufficient evidence to suggest ERP is improved by cognitive methods. This paper proposes to contribute to this debate by providing a detailed description of the treatment of a patient with intrusive cognitions of a sexual nature, who was treated successfully using behavioural experiments designed to test cognitions, rather than ERP. This is, arguably, the way in which most cognitive behavioural therapists would work with someone with OCD. However, this approach is not reflected in the literature at present. The authors report the patient's feedback that therapeutic change was brought about through cognitive shift, as a result of the formulation-driven behavioural experiments.
Magnetophoretic circuits for digital control of single particles and cells
Authors: Lim Byeonghwa , Reddy Venu , Hu XingHao , Kim KunWoo , Jadhav Mital , Abedini-Nassab Roozbeh , Noh Young-Woock , Lim Yong Taik , Yellen Benjamin B. , Kim CheolGi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe ability to manipulate small fluid droplets, colloidal particles and single cells with the precision and parallelization of modern-day computer hardware has profound applications for biochemical detection, gene sequencing, chemical synthesis and highly parallel analysis of single cells. Drawing inspiration from general circuit theory and magnetic bubble technology, here we demonstrate a class of integrated circuits for executing sequential and parallel, timed operations on an ensemble of single particles and cells. The integrated circuits are constructed from lithographically defined, overlaid patterns of magnetic film and current lines. The magnetic patterns passively control particles similar to electrical conductors, diodes and capacitors. The current lines actively switch particles between different tracks similar to gated electrical transistors. When combined into arrays and driven by a rotating magnetic field clock, these integrated circuits have general multiplexing properties and enable the precise control of magnetizable objects.
Integrated Systems Pharmacology Analysis of Clinical Drug‐Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Hur J , Guo AY , Loh WY , Feldman EL , Bai JPF 
Published: May 2014

A systems pharmacology approach was undertaken to define and identify the proteins/genes significantly associated with clinical incidence and severity of drug‐induced peripheral neuropathy (DIPN). Pharmacological networks of 234 DIPN drugs, their known targets (both intended and unintended), and the intermediator proteins/genes interacting with these drugs via their known targets were examined. A permutation test identified 230 DIPN‐associated intermediators that were enriched with apoptosis and stress response genes. Neuropathy incidence and severity were curated from drug labels and literature and were used to build a predictive model of DIPN using a regression tree algorithm, based on the drug targets and their intermediators. DIPN drugs whose targets interacted with both v‐myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen‐associated factor (PAF15) were associated with a neuropathy incidence of 38.1%, whereas drugs interacting only with MYC had an incidence of 2.9%. These results warrant further investigation in order to develop a predictive tool for the DIPN potential of a new drug.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e114; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.11; published online 14 May 2014