bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lignification of ray parenchyma cells in the xylem of Pinus densiflora. Part II: Microchemical analysis by laser microdissection and thioacidolysis
Authors: Zheng Peiming , Aoki Dan , Matsushita Yasuyuki , Yagami Sachie , Fukushima Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The lignification of ray parenchyma cells in the sapwood (sW) and heartwood (hW) of Pinus densiflora was investigated by thioacidolysis and the subsequent Raney nickel desulfuration. The samples rich and less rich in ray parenchyma cells were prepared by laser microdissection (LMD). The whole sections burned randomly by the laser served as the controls. Guaiacyl (G) monomers were detected in all the samples, and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) monomers were detectable only in trace amounts, while syringyl (S) units were absent, as expected in softwood. In sW samples rich in ray parenchyma cells, the yields of G monomers are significantly lower than in the other samples. The various types of G-G and one G-H dimers were detected, and the β-1′, β-5′, and 5-5′ dimers were dominant. The relative distributions of lignin interunit linkages were very similar in all the samples regardless of the abundance of the ray parenchyma cells in the sW or hW tissues.
The Performance of Protected Designations of Origin: An Ex Post Multi-Criteria Assessment of the Italian Cheese and Olive Oil Sectors
Authors: Carbone Anna , Caswell Julie , Galli Francesca , Sorrentino Alessandro 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Protected designations of origin (PDOs) and protected geographical indications (PGIs) for food products are used by the European Union with the goal of achieving several policy objectives. We build a multi-criteria analysis framework for ex post assessment of the performance of PDOs. The performance criteria are based on five policy objectives, as defined by European policy makers in regulations, with each criterion measured by a set of indicators. We apply the framework to analyze the performance of all Italian PDO cheeses and olive oils from 2004 to 2008. The results show that for the PDOs studied it is feasible, in general, to perform on all five objectives at the same time, although partial tradeoffs are present between the bargaining power and local development objectives on one side and the market performance objective on the other. A ranking of PDOs in the two sectors on all objectives using multi-criteria analysis and equal weights on all objectives shows overall higher performance for smaller PDOs that are well rooted in the territory of origin and targeted to niche market segments. Lower ranked PDOs under this scenario tend to be bigger, older, and better established in wider markets. Alternative weighting scenarios that emphasize niche/local market PDOs or market performing PDOs yield different relative rankings. The results provide insights for both policy makers and stakeholders into the evaluation of PDO policy, as well as into the performance of individual PDO products.
Testing Competing Models for Non-negative Data with Many Zeros
Authors: Silva João M. C. Santos , Tenreyro Silvana , Windmeijer Frank 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In economic applications it is often the case that the variate of interest is non-negative and its distribution has a mass-point at zero. Many regression strategies have been proposed to deal with data of this type but, although there has been a long debate in the literature on the appropriateness of different models, formal statistical tests to choose between the competing specifications are not often used in practice. We use the non-nested hypothesis testing framework of Davidson and MacKinnon (Davidson and MacKinnon 1981. “Several Tests for Model Specification in the Presence of Alternative Hypotheses.” Econometrica 49: 781–793.) to develop a novel and simple regression-based specification test that can be used to discriminate between these models.
Natural killer cell in the developing life
Authors: Lee Yen-Chang , Lin Syh-Jae 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells that provide first-line innate immune reactions against virus-infected and tumor cells have different roles in different body sites and in different stages. From the beginning of life, NK cells participate in many aspects of development, especially in a successful pregnancy and a healthy neonatal stage. This article reviews recent advances regarding the role of NK cells in implantation, placentation and immune tolerance during pregnancy as well as in the neonatal immune defense. The interactions between NK cells and other immune cells in each developmental stage are discussed.
Feeding the feeble: steps towards nourishing preterm infants
Authors: Obladen Michael 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper describes historic steps in feeding techniques and knowledge on the nutritional needs of premature infants. Devices to overcome weak sucking and swallowing were developed from 1851 to 1920, including tube feeding by gavage, medicine droppers and pipettes, feeding bottles with an air inlet, and beaked spoons for nasal feeding. Indwelling nastrogastric tubes were in use from 1951. For alleged safety concerns in the 1950s, postnatal feeding was postponed until a week of starvation was reached, and studies showed an association with neurological handicaps. The premature infant’s elevated need for energy, protein, and minerals has been established since 1919. However, these remained controversial, and nutritional practices continued to lag behind theoretical knowledge. Concentrated formula was developed in the 1940s, parenteral supplementation in the 1960s, and human milk fortifiers in the 1970s. In the 1990s, necrotizing enterocolitis was found to be more frequent in infants who were fed formula than in those who were fed human milk. Recently, probiotics were shown to reduce the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis. Nevertheless, compared with other aspects of neonatal medicine, there is still remarkably little evidence on how to feed preterm infants.
Curriculum-Based Assessment, Socio-Demographic and Educational Measures as Predictors of Mathematics FCAT: Implications for Emancipatory Inquiry
Authors: Behar-Horenstein Linda S. , Hudson-Vassell Michael , Hudson-Vassell Charisse N. , Garvan Cynthia W. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Using critical lenses, this study examined the predictive value added of curriculum-based assessment (CBA), with socio-demographic and educational variables on the mathematics portion of Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT). Gender, race, socio-economic status, and exceptional student education (ESE) were compared in a de-identified post hoc dataset of (n=6,218) middle and high school students in single district. These variables predicted a substantial amount of variance ranging from 0.33 to 0.40, while the addition of a CBA predicted variance that ranged from 0.41 to 0.50, a difference of 0.07 to 0.15. The findings confirm what previous studies have shown, that overall females, Blacks and Hispanics, and ESE score lower than non-ESE students, Asians, and males; students on free and reduced lunch score lower than full-pay students. Lower achievement in particular racial groups should lead teachers to be mindful of the accessibility of contextualized mathematical concepts. The authors suggest how future studies, using an emancipatory research perspective, can examine the results from alternative interpretative lenses to question how their own and stakeholder’s positionality influences outcomes.
Crystal structure of tetraaqua diacetato-κ2O,O'-4,4',6,6'-tetramethyl-2,2'- bipyrimidine-κ4N,N':N'',N''' dicobalt(II) diacetate dihydrate, C10H19CoN2O7
Authors: Ma Ning , Wang Ye , Miao Shao-Bin 
Published: April 2014

Abstract C10H19CoN2O7, triclinic, P1¯ (no. 2), a = 8.622(2) Å, b = 8.724(2) Å, c = 10.600(2) Å, α = 78.507(2)°, β = 88.045(2)°, γ = 71.118(2)°, V = 738.9 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0248, wRref(F2) = 0.0667, T = 296 K.
A case of a woman with late-pregnancy-onset DKA who had normal glucose tolerance in the first trimester
Authors: Himuro Hiromi , Sugiyama Takashi , Nishigori Hidekazu , Saito Masatoshi , Nagase Satoru , Sugawara Junichi , Yaegashi Nobuo 
Published: April 2014

Summary
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during pregnancy is a serious complication in both mother and fetus. Most incidences occur during late pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. We report the rare case of a woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus who had normal glucose tolerance during the first trimester but developed DKA during late pregnancy. Although she had initially tested positive for screening of gestational diabetes mellitus during the first trimester, subsequent diagnostic 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests showed normal glucose tolerance. She developed DKA with severe general fatigue in late pregnancy. The patient's general condition improved after treatment for ketoacidosis, and she vaginally delivered a healthy infant at term. The presence of DKA caused by the onset of diabetes should be considered, even if the patient shows normal glucose tolerance during the first trimester.

Learning points

The presence of DKA caused by the onset of diabetes should be considered, even if the patient shows normal glucose tolerance during the first trimester.

Symptoms including severe general fatigue, nausea, and weight loss are important signs to suspect DKA. Findings such as Kussmaul breathing with ketotic odor are also typical.

Urinary test, atrial gas analysis, and anion gap are important. If pH shows normal value, calculation of anion gap is important. If the value of anion gap is more than 12, a practitioner should consider the presence of metabolic acidosis.
Conditional Genetic Interactions ofRTT107,SLX4, andHRQ1Reveal Dynamic Networks upon DNA Damage inS. cerevisiae
Authors: Leung Grace P , Aristizabal Maria J , Krogan Nevan J , Kobor Michael S 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe DNA damage response (DDR) is a dynamic process that is crucial for protecting the cell from challenges to genome integrity. Although many genome-wide studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have identified genes that contribute to resistance to DNA-damaging agents, more work is needed to elucidate the changes in genetic interaction networks in response to DNA lesions. Here we used conditional epistatic miniarray profiling to analyze the genetic interaction networks of the DDR genes RTT107, SLX4, and HRQ1 under three DNA-damaging conditions: camptothecin, hydroxyurea, and methyl methanesulfonate. Rtt107 and its interaction partner Slx4 are targets of the checkpoint kinase Mec1, which is central to the DDR-signaling cascades. Hrq1 recently was identified as a novel member of the RecQ helicase family in S. cerevisiae but is still poorly characterized. The conditional genetic networks that we generated revealed functional insights into all three genes and showed that there were varied responses to different DNA damaging agents. We observed that RTT107 had more genetic interactions under camptothecin conditions than SLX4 or HRQ1, suggesting that Rtt107 has an important role in response to this type of DNA lesion. Although RTT107 and SLX4 function together, they also had many distinct genetic interactions. In particular, RTT107 and SLX4 showed contrasting genetic interactions for a few genes, which we validated with independently constructed strains. Interestingly, HRQ1 had a genetic interaction profile that correlated with that of SLX4 and both were enriched for very similar gene ontology terms, suggesting that they function together in the DDR.
Progress in Electroluminescent Devices Using Molecular Thin Films
Authors: Tsutsui Tetsuo 
Published: April 2014

Organic electroluminescence (EL) is moving from a simple curiosity in laboratories to the reality of commercial use. The day will soon arrive when high-quality green EL displays find practical usage. Charge-injection-type EL involves the combination of positive and negative charge carriers injected from electrodes in contact with an organic thin film. The occurrence of EL through bipolar charge injection into organic solids was clarified for single crystals of anthracene and related compounds in the 1960s. Few new developments in physics exist today for organic EL. However worldwide enthusiasm for charge-injection-type EL, which started in the mid-1980s, has been increasing rapidly. The motivation for this renewed interest is straightforward. High-efficiency surface emission across the whole visible spectral range can be obtained easily, and prospects now exist for full-color flat-panel-display technology.Since the demonstration of high-performance EL devices made of multilayers of vacuum-sublimed dye films by Tang and VanSlyke, much progress has occurred in the research and development of EL devices made from molecular materials. A variety of molecular materials such as vacuum-sublimed dye films, fully π-conjugated polymers, polymers with chromophores orr skeletal chains, or side chains, and polymer-dispersed dye films can be used for EL devices.Among a variety of EL devices, multilayer-structure versions made of vacuum-sublimed dye films exhibit the best performance. Application-oriented research in the development of high-quality flat-panel displays has been performed during the past 10 years, mainly in Japan's private-sector laboratories.
The Market Reaction to SEC IFRS-Related Announcements: The Case of American Depository Receipt (ADR) Firms in the U.S.
Authors: Prather-Kinsey Jenice J. , Tanyi Paul N. 
Published: April 2014

SYNOPSIS
The objective of our study is to test whether the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in the United States (U.S.) is perceived positively by American Depository Receipt (ADR) firms' equity market participants. We conduct our tests by studying market reactions to the Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) IFRS-related press releases, between 2007 and 2011, regarding potential adoption of IFRS in the U.S. Using a sample of ADR firms and multivariate regression analyses, we test the 3-day cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) of investors of ADR firms in response to SEC announcements on potential IFRS adoption. We find a significant and positive market reaction to the SEC's announcements related to the potential adoption of IFRS in the U.S. for ADR firms reporting their financial statements using IFRS, especially in the industry where IFRS is the globally predominant accounting standard. Conversely, we find a significantly negative market reaction to SEC-related announcements of potential adoption of IFRS in the U.S. for ADR firms currently reporting their financial statements using U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). We conclude that the SEC's adoption of IFRS may benefit global and U.S. equity market participants relative to Local GAAP reporting (reporting using domestic GAAP that is not IFRS or U.S. GAAP) by providing a common basis for investors, issuers, and others to evaluate investment opportunities.
Understanding the Influence of Online Flow Elements on Hedonic and Utilitarian Online Shopping Experiences: A Case of Online Group Buying
Authors: Lim Weng Marc 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
This study aims to understand the relationship between online flow elements and hedonic and utilitarian online shopping experiences and the influence of these experiences on consumer behavioral intentions. The study, which uses online group buying as a research context, is premised on the marketing perspective of online consumer behavior and the information systems perspective of human-computer interactions with online interfaces. Data were obtained through a mall-intercept systematic sampling distribution of questionnaires, and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that online flow elements (arousal, challenge, time distortion, control, interactivity, and skill) are positively related to online shopping experiences (hedonic and utilitarian), which in turn are positively related to online group buying (or purchase) intention. All relationships were significant except that between telepresence and hedonic online shopping experience and that between importance and utilitarian online shopping experience. The implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.
Cytoprotective effects of silafibrate, a newly-synthesised siliconated derivative of clofibrate, against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes
Authors: Nafisi Sara , Heidari Reza , Ghaffarzadeh Mohammad , Ziaee Mojtaba , Hamzeiy Hossein , Garjani Alireza , Eghbal Mohammad Ali 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl para amino phenol, APAP) is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug responsible for various drug-induced liver injuries. This study evaluated APAP-induced toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes alongside the protective effects of silafibrate and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Hepatocytes were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats by collagenase enzyme perfusion via the portal vein. This technique is based on liver perfusion with collagenase after removing calcium ions (Ca2+) with a chelator. Cells were treated with different concentrations of APAP, silafibrate, and NAC. Cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial depolarisation were measured as toxicity markers. ROS formation and lipid peroxidation occurred after APAP administration to rat hepatocytes. APAP caused mitochondrial depolarisation in isolated cells. Administration of silafibrate (200 μmol L-1) and/or NAC (200 μmol L-1) reduced the ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial depolarisation caused by APAP. Cytotoxicity induced by APAP in rat hepatocytes was mediated by oxidative stress. In addition, APAP seemed to target cellular mitochondria during hepatocyte damage. The protective properties of silafibrate and/or NAC against APAP‑induced hepatic injury may have involved the induction of antioxidant enzymes, protection against oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and alteration in cellular glutathione content.
Novel method of detection of phenylpropanoids of Rhodiola roots species
Authors: Gryszczyńska Agnieszka , Opala Bogna , Krajewska-Patan Anna , Łowicki Zdzisław , Buchwald Waldemar , Mielcarek Sebastian , Bogacz Anna , Karasiewicz Monika , Boroń Dariusz , Czerny Bogusław , Mrozikiewicz Przemysław M. 
Published: April 2014

Summary
The aim of the study was the identification and quantitative analysis of phenylpropanoid compounds in the roots of Rhodiola species. Rosavin, rosarin and rosin were determined in the roots of R. kirilowii and R. rosea from the field cultivation, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants. For the quantitative analysis, the ultra performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI MS/MS, Waters) was used. The results showed differences in the quantitative and qualitative assessments of these two species. In the root of R. kirilowii the presence of phenylpropanoids was not confirmed. In R. rosea the most common phenylpropanoid was rosavin (0.022%). The UPLC-MS/MS studies allowed to use this analytical method for determination of phenylpropanoids in the accordance with the requirements of ICH.
Phenolics in the Tussilago farfara leaves
Authors: Chanaj-Kaczmarek Justyna , Wojcińska Małgorzata , Matławska Irena 
Published: April 2014

Summary
Coltsfoot leaves (Farfarae folium) are used in the European medicine in respiratory tract diseases, for cough, bronchitis and asthmatic disorders, while in the traditional Chinese medicine only flower buds (Farfarae flos) have been recognized as a medicine. A short literature review shows that most data concern the chemical composition of the coltsfoot flowers. During the carried out studies we have isolated and identified (UV, 1H and 13C NMR, analysis of acid and enzymatic hydrolyze products) six known flavonols from the coltsfoot leaves: kaempferol and its 3-O-β-glucopyranoside and 3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)- β-glucopyranoside, along with quercetin derivatives: 3-O-β-arabinopyranoside, 3-O-β- glucopyranoside and 3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-glucopyranoside. Moreover, we have detected the presence of three phenolic acids.
Isolation and in vitro cytotoxic activity of 11-methylixoside isolated from bark of Randia dumetorum Lamk
Authors: Jangwan Jeet Singh , Aquino Rita Patrizia , Mencherini Teresa , Singh Raghubir 
Published: April 2014

Summary
Randia dumetorum (family Rubiaceae) is highly reputed ayurvedic medicinal tree commonly known as the Mainphal. A large deciduous thorny shrub grows up to 5 m of height. It occurs almost throughout India up to 1200 m of altitude. It is found in Himalaya from Jammu East ward ascending to 400 m and from Kashmir to East ward up to 1200 m. 11-methylixoside (compound 1), an iridoid glucoside, was isolated from the bark of this plant. The structure was characterized by using spectroscopic methods including 1D-1HNMR,13C-NMR and 2D-NMR (HSQC,HMBC, DQF-COSY) experiments and confirmed by comparison of their NMR data with those from the literature. This compound has been reported for the first time in Randia dumetorum bark. The 11-methylixoside was subjected to cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer cell line) and SK-MEL-2 (human skin melanoma cell line), BE(2)C (neuroblastoma cell line derived from human bone marrow) and U87MG (human neuronale glioblastoma (astrozytom) cell line showed appreciable cytotoxic effect with IC50 value 63.10 µg/ml concentration for SK-MEL-2 (human skin melanoma cell line).
Phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Nothapodytes nimmoniana. An overview
Authors: Khan Nazeerullah , Tamboli Ennus Tajuddin , Sharma V.K. , Kumar Sunil 
Published: April 2014

Summary
Nothapodytes nimmoniana (J. Graham) (Icacinaceae), commonly known as Amruta is found in India particularly in Maharashtra, Goa, Kerala, Assam, Jammu and Kashmir as well as Tamilnadu areas. It is an important medicinal plant, the major source of a potent alkaloid, namely camptothecin, of a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-HIV, antimalarial, antibacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal and also applied in the treatment of anaemia. Camptothecin is still not synthesized, therefore, its production entirely depends on natural sources. N. nimmoniana is one such plant which yields contain camptothecin in significantly high amount. The plant is gaining international recognition due to its diversified medicinal uses. It is subjected to excessive harvest. It has been categorized as a vulnerable and endangered plant. The present review encompasses the phytochemical, analytical, pharmacological, biotechnological, and other specific aspects of N. nimmoniana.
Effect of fertilization on the development and yields of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)
Authors: Bielski Stanisław , Szwejkowska Beata 
Published: April 2014

Summary
In 2007-2009, a pot experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn on cv. Promyk pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). The aim of the study was to assess the impact of nitrogen and magnesium in plant growth and development and yield of marigold. The experiment included two factors: nitrogen fertilization (g.pot-1): A-0 (control), B-0.3, C-0.6 (0.6+0), D-0.9 (0.6+0.3), E-1.2 (0.6+0.6) and magnesium fertilization (g.pot-1): a-0 (control), b-0.5. The experimental part of the research was designed according to the independent series method and set up in 4 replicates, 4 pots in one replicate, in modified Kick-Brauckmann pots. The experiment demonstrated a significant effect of nitrogen fertilization on the plants hight, number of pot marigold inflorescences, fresh inflorescences weight, fresh and airdry ligulate weight. Magnesium fertilization had a positive effect on all the analyzed traits. No statistical correlation was proven between the nitrogen and magnesium fertilization