bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue in Ménière’s disease
Authors: Levo Hilla , Kentala Erna , Rasku Jyrki , Pyykkő Ilmari 
Published: September 2013

Objective:
To explore the role of fatigue and its predisposing and consequential factors and consequences, on quality of life and social participation.

Subjects and methods:
A questionnaire survey of 728 members of the Finnish Ménière Association was performed. Questions focused on the symptoms of Ménière's disease, sense of coherence (SOC), positive attitude, participation and restriction problems classified by the International Classification of Function (ICF), and general health related quality of life (EQ-5D).

Results:
Seventy percent of the subjects reported fatigue and in 30% fatigue was moderate or strong. Fatigue was associated with reduced quality of life and complaints of vertigo attacks, balance problems and hearing loss. Mobility related symptoms and mood disorders in a broad sense were the most significant determinants of fatigue. SOC and attitude were predictors of reduced vitality. Analysis based on participation restrictions indicated isolation being a consequence of fatigue. In the analysis the severity of the disease was controlled.

Conclusion:
Fatigue is a common complaint in Ménière's disease, reducing quality of life and leading to social and personal isolation. Fatigue is associated with personality trait and anxiety disorders. Therapeutically, a positive attitude and physical activity might help to reduce anxiety and escape the social and personal isolation.
Ezrin Tunes the Magnitude of Humoral Immunity
Authors: Pore Debasis , Parameswaran Neetha , Matsui Ken , Stone Matthew B. , Saotome Ichiko , McClatchey Andrea I. , Veatch Sarah L. , Gupta Neetu 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Ezrin is a member of the ezrin–radixin–moesin family of membrane-actin cytoskeleton cross-linkers that participate in a variety of cellular processes. In B cells, phosphorylation of ezrin at different sites regulates multiple processes, such as lipid raft coalescence, BCR diffusion, microclustering, and endosomal JNK activation. In this study, we generated mice with conditional deletion of ezrin in the B cell lineage to investigate the physiological significance of ezrin’s function in Ag receptor–mediated B cell activation and humoral immunity. B cell development, as well as the proportion and numbers of major B cell subsets in peripheral lymphoid organs, was unaffected by the loss of ezrin. Using superresolution imaging methods, we show that, in the absence of ezrin, BCRs respond to Ag binding by accumulating into larger and more stable signaling microclusters. Loss of ezrin led to delayed BCR capping and accelerated lipid raft coalescence. Although proximal signaling proteins showed stronger activation in the absence of ezrin, components of the distal BCR signaling pathways displayed distinct effects. Ezrin deficiency resulted in increased B cell proliferation and differentiation into Ab-secreting cells ex vivo and stronger T cell–independent and -dependent responses to Ag in vivo. Overall, our data demonstrate that ezrin regulates amplification of BCR signals and tunes the strength of B cell activation and humoral immunity.
The history and achievements of the South African Veterinary Association
Authors: Cameron Colin M. 
Published: September 2013

This article, which was originally designed as a power point presentation, focuses on the role and achievements of the South African Veterinary Association (SAVA). It is an organisation that has fostered functional cohesion not only within the profession, but also with the broader society in providing a socially and economically supportive animal care system. Some major factors that have enabled this achievement include: rational organisational structure of the SAVA; support of the promulgation and implementation of appropriate legislation; pursuance of initial and continued high quality education by various means; effective communication with the public and government bodies; international involvement; continued development of a visionary future to endorse the principle of ‘One World One Health’.
Endoscopic Diathermy-assisted DCR: A New Concept
Authors: Ranga Rupender K , LNU Shubhrica 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
Endoscopic diathermy-assisted technique is very safe, quick, less traumatic, with minimal blood loss, less tissue scarring and less postoperative discomfort and last but not the least, the ease of creating big size ostium. It has high success rate in both primary and secondary cases. Fifty-four cases of chronic dacryocystitis were treated by the endoscopic diathermy technique including 42 females and 12 males with mean age 34.66 years, 38 left eye and 16 right eye. Four patients were cannulated with nasolacrimal tube with very good results and few complications.

How to cite this article
Shubhrica, Ranga RK. Endoscopic Diathermy-assisted DCR: A New Concept. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(2):88-91.
One-Stage Nipple and Breast Reconstruction Following Areola-Sparing Mastectomy
Authors: Kim Hye Ri , Lim Jin Soo , Kim Sue Min , Jung Sung No , Yoo Gyeol , Rha Eun Young 
Published: September 2013

Background Skin-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction is increasingly becoming a proven surgical option for early-stage breast cancer patients. Areola-sparing mastectomy (ASM) has also recently become a popular procedure. The purpose of this article is to investigate the reconstructive and aesthetic issues experienced with one-stage nipple and breast reconstruction using ASM.
Methods Among the patients who underwent mastectomy between March 2008 and March 2010, 5 women with a low probability of nipple-areolar complex malignant involvement underwent ASM and immediate breast reconstruction with simultaneous nipple reconstruction using the modified C-V flap. The cosmetic outcomes of this series were reviewed by plastic surgeons and patient self-assessment and satisfaction were assessed via telephone interview.
Results During the average 11-month follow-up period, there were no cases of cancer recurrence, the aesthetic outcomes were graded as excellent to very good, and all of the patients were satisfied. Two patients developed a gutter-like depression around the reconstructed nipple, and one patient developed skin erosion in a small area of the areola, which healed with conservative dressing. The other complications, such as necrosis of the skin flap or areola, seroma, hematoma, or fat necrosis did not occur.
Conclusions Since one-stage nipple and breast reconstruction following ASM is an oncologically safe, cost-effective, and aesthetically satisfactory procedure, it is a good surgical option for early breast cancer patients.
The Effect of Breast Hypertrophy on Patient Posture
Authors: Lapid Oren , de Groof E Joline , Corion Leonard UMC , Smeulders Mark JC , van der Horst Chantal MAM 
Published: September 2013

Background One of the reasons women with macromastia chose to undergo a breast reduction is to relieve their complaints of back, neck, and shoulder pain. We hypothesized that changes in posture after surgery may be the reason for the pain relief and that patient posture may correlate with symptomatic macromastia and may serve as an objective measure for complaints. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of reduction mammaplasty on the posture of women with macromastia.
Methods A prospective controlled study at a university medical center. Forty-two patients that underwent breast reduction were studied before surgery and an average of 4.3 years following surgery. Thirty-seven healthy women served as controls. Standardized lateral photos were taken. The inclination angle of the back was measured. Regression analysis was performed for the inclination angle.
Results Preoperatively, the mean inclination angle was 1.61 degrees ventrally; this diminished postoperatively to 0.72 degrees ventrally. This change was not significant (P-value=0.104). In the control group that angle was 0.28 degrees dorsally. Univariate regression analysis revealed that the inclination was dependent on body mass index (BMI) and having symptomatic macromastia; on multiple regression it was only dependent on BMI.
Conclusions The inclination angle of the back in breast reduction candidates is significantly different from that of controls; however, this difference is small and probably does not account for the symptoms associated with macromastia. Back inclination should not be used as a surrogate "objective" measure for symptomatic macromastia.
Reconstruction of the Lower Extremity Using Free Flaps
Authors: Kang Min Jo , Chung Chul Hoon , Chang Yong Joon , Kim Kyul Hee 
Published: September 2013

Background The aim of lower-extremity reconstruction has focused on wound coverage and functional recovery. However, there are limitations in the use of a local flap in cases of extensive defects of the lower-extremities. Therefore, free flap is a useful option in lower-extremity reconstruction.
Methods We performed a retrospective review of 49 patients (52 cases) who underwent lower-extremity reconstruction at our institution during a 10-year period. In these patients, we evaluated causes and sites of defects, types of flaps, recipient vessels, types of anastomosis, survival rate, and complications.
Results There were 42 men and 10 women with a mean age of 32.7 years (range, 3-72 years). The sites of defects included the dorsum of the foot (19), pretibial area (17), ankle (7), heel (5) and other sites (4). The types of free flap included latissimus dorsi muscle flap (10), scapular fascial flap (6), anterolateral thigh flap (6), and other flaps (30). There were four cases of vascular complications, out of which two flaps survived after intervention. The overall survival of the flaps was 96.2% (50/52). There were 19 cases of other complications at recipient sites such as partial graft loss (8), partial flap necrosis (6) and infection (5). However, these complications were not notable and were resolved with skin grafts.
Conclusions The free flap is an effective method of lower-extremity reconstruction. Good outcomes can be achieved with complete debridement and the selection of appropriate recipient vessels and flaps according to the recipient site.
Vascularisation of Urethral Repairs with the Gracilis Muscle Flap
Authors: Kua Ee Hsiang Jonah , Leo Kah Woon , Ong Yee Siang , Cheng Christopher , Tan Bien-Keem 
Published: September 2013

Background The ability to achieve a long-term, stricture-free urethral repair is one of the ongoing challenges of reconstructive urologic surgery. A successful initial repair is critical, as repeat procedures are difficult, owing to distortion, scarring, and short urethral stumps.Methods We describe a technique in which the gracilis muscle flap is laid on or wrapped around the urethral repair site to provide a well-vascularised soft tissue reinforcement for urethral repair. This technique promotes vascular induction, whereby a new blood supply is introduced to the repair site to improve the outcome of urethral repair or anastomotic urethroplasty. The surface contact between the muscle flap and the repair site is enhanced by the use of fibrin glue to improve adherence and promote inosculation and healing. We employed this technique in 4 patients with different urethral defects.Results After a follow-up period of 32 to 108 months, all of the urethral repairs were successful without complications.Conclusions Our results suggest that the use of a gracilis muscle flap to vascularise urethral repairs can improve the outcome of challenging urethral repairs.
Lipoprotein(a) and Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis Progression
Authors: Arsenault Benoit J. , Loganath Krithika , Girard Arnaud , Botezatu Simona , Zheng Kang H. , Tzolos Evangelos , Abdoun Kathia , Tastet Lionel , Capoulade Romain , Côté Nancy , Craig Neil , Chan Kwan L. , Tam James W. , Teo Koon K. , Couture Christian , Clavel Marie-Annick , Mathieu Patrick , Thériault Sébastien , Stroes Erik S. G. , Newby David E. , Tsimikas Sotirios , Pibarot Philippe , Dweck Marc R. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceThere are currently no pharmacological treatments available to slow hemodynamic progression of aortic stenosis. Plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations predict incident aortic stenosis but its association with hemodynamic progression is controversial.ObjectiveTo determine the association between plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations and hemodynamic progression in patients with aortic stenosis.Design, Settings and ParticipantsThe study included patients with aortic stenosis from 5 longitudinal clinical studies conducted from March 2001 to March 2023 in Canada and the UK. Of 757 total patients, data on plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations and rates of hemodynamic progression assessed by echocardiography were available for 710, who were included in this analysis. Data were analyzed from March 2023 to April 2024.ExposureCohort-specific plasma lipoprotein(a) concentration tertiles.Main Outcomes and MeasuresHemodynamic aortic stenosis progression on echocardiography as assessed by annualized change in peak aortic jet velocity, mean transvalvular gradient, and aortic valve area.ResultsAmong the included patients, 497 (70%) were male and 213 (30%) were female. The mean (SD) age was 65.2 (13.1) years. Patients in the top lipoprotein(a) tertile demonstrated 41% (estimate, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.13-1.75) faster progression of peak aortic jet velocity and 57% (estimate, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.18-2.10) faster progression of mean transvalvular gradient than patients in the bottom tertile. There was no evidence of heterogeneity across the individual cohorts. Progression of aortic valve area was comparable between groups (estimate, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.71-2.12). Similar results were observed when plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations were treated as a continuous variable.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, higher plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations were associated with faster rates of hemodynamic progression in patients with aortic stenosis. Lowering plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations warrants further investigation in the prevention and treatment of aortic stenosis.
Medical Debt and the Mental Health Treatment Gap Among US Adults
Authors: Moon Kyle J. , Linton Sabriya L. , Mojtabai Ramin 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceMedical debt is common in the US and may hinder timely access to care for mental disorders.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of medical debt among US adults with depression and anxiety and its association with delayed and forgone mental health care.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional, nationally representative survey study of US adult participants in the 2022 National Health Interview Survey who had current or lifetime diagnoses of depression or anxiety.ExposuresSelf-reported lifetime clinical diagnoses of depression and anxiety; moderate to severe symptoms of current depression (Patient Health Questionnaire–8 score ≥10) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 score ≥10) irrespective of lifetime diagnoses; and past-year medical debt.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSelf-reported delaying and forgoing mental health care because of cost in the past year.ResultsAmong 27 651 adults (15 050 [54.4%] female; mean [SD] age, 52.9 [18.4] years), 5186 (18.2%) reported lifetime depression, 1948 (7.3%) reported current depression, 4834 (17.7%) reported lifetime anxiety, and 1689 (6.6%) reported current anxiety. Medical debt was more common among adults with lifetime depression (19.9% vs 8.6%; adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.97; 95% CI, 1.96-1.98), lifetime anxiety (19.4% vs 8.8%; aPR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.91-1.92), current depression (27.3% vs 9.4%; aPR, 2.34; 95% CI, 2.34-2.36), and current anxiety (26.2% vs 9.6%; aPR, 2.24; 95% CI, 2.24-2.26) compared with adults without the respective mental disorders. Medical debt was associated with delayed health care among adults with lifetime depression (29.0% vs 11.6%; aPR, 2.68; 95% CI, 2.62-2.74), lifetime anxiety (28.0% vs 11.5%; aPR, 2.45; 95% CI, 2.40-2.50), current depression (36.9% vs 17.4%; aPR, 2.25; 95% CI, 2.13-2.38), and current anxiety (38.4% vs 16.9%; aPR, 2.48; 95% CI, 2.35-2.66) compared with those without these diagnoses. Medical debt was associated with forgone health care among adults with lifetime depression (29.4% vs 10.6%; aPR, 2.66; 95% CI, 2.61-2.71), lifetime anxiety (28.2% vs 10.7%; aPR, 2.63; 95% CI, 2.57-2.68), current depression (38.0% vs 17.2%; aPR, 2.35; 95% CI, 2.23-2.48), and current anxiety (40.8% vs 17.1%; aPR, 2.57; 95% CI, 2.43-2.75) compared with those without the diagnoses.Conclusions and RelevanceMedical debt is prevalent among adults with depression and anxiety and may contribute to the mental health treatment gap. In the absence of structural reform, new policies are warranted to protect against this financial barrier to mental health care.
1‐(1‐Diazo‐2,2,2‐Trifluoroethyl)‐1,2‐Benziodoxol‐3(1
H
)‐One
Authors: Vinet Laurent 
Published: July 2024

image

[2209891‐87‐0]

C
9
H
4
F
3
IN
2
O
2

(MW 356.04)

InChI =
1S/C9H5F3IN2O2/c10‐9(11,12)8(15‐14)13‐6‐4‐2‐1‐3‐5(6)7(16)17‐13/h1‐4,14H/q+1

InChIKey =
GDZYWAHOHOTWJD‐UHFFFAOYSA‐N

(reagent used to generate trifluoroethylcarbyne)

Physical Data
: mp 146–147 °C, d 2.0201 g cm
−3
.

1

Solubility
: soluble in CH
3
CN, CH
2
Cl
2
, CHCl
3
, DMSO, and ClCH
2
CH
2
Cl.

2

Analysis of Reagent Purity
:
1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD
3
CN) δ 8.20 (dd,
J
= 7.4 and 1.7 Hz, 1
H
), 8.03 (dd,
J
= 8.3 and 0.9 Hz, 1
H
), 7.87 (ddd,
J
= 8.3, 7.2, and 1.7 Hz, 1
H
), and 7.78 (td,
J
= 7.3 and 1.0 Hz, 1
H
) ppm; and singlet in
19
F NMR at δ −54.41 ppm. IR (film, cm
−1
) 3068, 2358, 2094, 1653, 1290, 1263, and 1120.

1,2

Preparative Methods
: addition of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate to 1‐acetoxy‐1,2‐benziodoxol‐3(1
H
)‐one at 24 °C, followed by the addition of pyridine and finally slow addition of a solution of 2,2,2‐trifluorodiazoethane.

1,2

Purification
: recrystallization using a mixture of diethyl ether and dichloromethane in a 5:1 ratio.

1,2

Handling, Storage, and Precautions
: the reagent should be kept tightly closed and stored at −24 °C.

1,2
N
‐Sulfinyltriisopropylsilylamine
Authors: Ding Mingyan , Willis Michael 
Published: July 2024

image

[2762957‐87‐7]

C
9
H
21
NOSSi

(MW 219.4)

InChI =
1S/C9H21NOSSi/c1‐7(2)13(8(3)4,9(5)6)10‐12‐11/h7‐9H,1‐6H3

InChIKey =
ZJJCFIWQFNLRFK‐UHFFFAOYSA‐N

(used as a sulfinamidation or a sulfinamidination reagent for the synthesis of aza‐sulfur compounds)

Alternative Names
: triisopropylsilyl sulfinamine, ((triisopropylsilyl)imino)‐λ
4
‐sulfanone, TIPS
‐
NSO.

Physical Data
: unknown.

Solubility
: miscible with common organic solvents including THF, Et
2
O, CH
2
Cl
2
, CHCl
3
, MeCN, toluene, and benzene.

Form Supplied in
: light‐yellow liquid, commercially available.

Analysis of Reagent Purity
: spectroscopic data: IR, NMR (
1
H,
13
C).

1

Preparative Method
: TIPS
‐
NSO is prepared from dropwise addition of SOCl
2
to TIPS‐NH
2
in the presence of Et
3
N at 0 °C in anhydrous Et
2
O. After stirring the reaction for 2 h, the solid Et
3
N·HCl salt is removed by filtration through a pad of anhydrous Na
2
SO
4
and the removal of the solvent in vacuo affords TIPS‐NSO.

1

Purification
: none required.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions
: TIPS
‐
NSO may be slightly volatile. For this reason, when removing solvent on a rotary evaporator, the bath temperature should be set to 30 °C or lower. For long‐term storage, it is kept at −20 °C in a freezer under an inert atmosphere. Hydrolysis of TIPS‐NSO can potentially result in the evolution of toxic SO
2
.
(2
R
,3a
R
,6
S
,7a
R
)‐3a‐Methyl‐2‐((perfluorophenyl)thio)‐6‐(prop‐1‐en‐2‐yl)hexahydrobenzo[
d
][1,3,2]oxathiaphosphole 2‐Sulfide
Authors: Schmidt Michael A. 
Published: July 2024

image

[2245335‐71‐9]

C
16
H
16
F
5
OPS
3

(MW 446.4488)

InChI =
1S/C16H16F5OPS3/c1‐7(2)8‐4‐5‐16(3)9(6‐8)22‐23(24,26‐16)25‐15‐13(20)11(18)10(17)12(19)14(15)21/h8‐9H,1,4‐6H2,2‐3H3/t8‐,9?,16+,23‐/m0/s1

InChIKey =
YPYCUYPOHPPYAS‐KUDWSVNUSA‐N

[2245335‐70‐8]

C
16
H
16
F
5
OPS
3

(MW 446.4488) Enantiomer

InChI =
1S/C16H16F5OPS3/c1‐7(2)8‐4‐5‐16(3)9(6‐8)22‐23(24,26‐16)25‐15‐13(20)11(18)10(17)12(19)14(15)21/h8‐9H,1,4‐6H2,2‐3H3/t8‐,9?,16+,23+/m1/s1

InChIKey =
YPYCUYPOHPPYAS‐DPZXBIMTSA‐N

(reagent used for the creation of stereopure thiophosphate bonds

1

)

Alternative Names
: PSI (Phosphorous Sulfur Incorporation), (+)‐PSI or (+)‐Ψ for
2245335‐71‐9
and (−)‐PSI or (−)‐Ψ for
2245335‐70‐8
.

Physical Data
: mp 110 °C; [α]
D
20
= 242 (
c
= 0.5, CH
2
Cl
2
) for 2245335‐71‐9 and [α]
D
20
= −253 (
c
= 0.5, CH
2
Cl
2
) for 2245335‐70‐8.

Solubility
: soluble in acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran. Insoluble in water, methanol, hexanes, and heptane.

Form Supplied in
: white crystals. Stored at ambient conditions. Commercially available.

Analysis of Reagent Purity
: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

1,2

31
P (CDCl
3
) = δ 100 ppm. Enantiopurity is best assessed by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

1

Preparative Method
: all reagents in the PSI family are derived in a one‐step reaction between a phosphorus salt and an epoxide. The product is crystallized from the reaction mixture, then recrystallized.

1,2

Handling, Storage, and Precautions
: the reagents are stable and can be stored at 0 °C to ambient temperatures. They do not show any hygroscopicity nor aerial oxidation in the solid state. The compounds rapidly decompose in the presence of aqueous base.
2,2,2‐Trifluoroacetaldehyde
O
‐(Aryl)oxime
Authors: Lin Bo , Huang Yangjie , Weng Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2024

image

[2643982‐16‐3]

C
8
H
4
F
3
N
3
O
5

(MW 279.0103)

InChI =
1S/C8H4F3N3O5/c9‐8(10,11)4‐12‐19‐7‐2‐1‐5(13(15)16)3‐6(7)14(17)18/h1‐4H/b12‐4+

InChIKey =
CVORTHGODGTDLP‐UUILKARUSA‐N

image

[2643982‐19‐6]

C
9
H
5
F
3
N
2
O

(MW 214.0354)

InChI =
1S/C9H5F3N2O/c10‐9(11,12)6‐14‐15‐8‐3‐1‐7(5‐13)2‐4‐8/h1‐4,6H/b14‐6+

InChIKey =
POTWGQGQHPHXHB‐MKMNVTDBSA‐N

(precursors for trifluoroacetonitrile)

Solubility
: CH
2
Cl
2
, CHCl
3
, CH
3
CN, DMF, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and
N
‐methyl 2‐pyrrolidone (NMP).

Form Supplied in
: white solid; commercially available from Leyan Reagent Co., Ltd.

Preparative Method
: prepared from a condensation reaction of trifluoroacetaldehyde hydrate with
O
‐(aryl)hydroxylamine under acid condition.

1

Handling, Storage, and Precautions
: it is known that trifluoroacetonitrile is a highly toxic gas (boiling point −64 °C) and must be handled with care. Rapid evolution of CF
3
CN gas will occur when this reagent reacts with a base. All operations were performed in the fume hood in good condition.