bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the loading levels of organically modified montmorillonite on the flame‐retardant properties of asphalt
Authors: Zhang Xiaojiao , Ren Fan , Zhang Liqun , Dong Dawei , Jiang Kuan , Lu Yonglai 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe flame‐retardant properties of asphalt for some building applications are very important. In this study, we mainly focused on the influence of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) on the flame‐retardant and other properties of asphalt in a large content range and explored suitable contents of OMMT for modified asphalts. Modified asphalts with different contents of OMMT from 2 to 15 wt % were prepared by melt blending. The X‐ray diffraction results revealed that the intercalated structure was formed in the OMMT‐modified asphalt. Rubber processing analysis results indicated the formation of a filler–network structure in the OMMT‐modified asphalt. The limiting oxygen index and cone calorimetry results suggested that OMMT could be used as efficient and ideal flame retardants of asphalt. The results also reveal that excess OMMT contents (i.e., >10 wt %) depredated the flame‐retardant performance of the modified asphalt. We analyzed the mechanism by taking into account of the features of the modified agent for OMMT. The experimental data showed that the viscosity, softening point, and penetration index of the OMMT‐modified asphalt increased with increasing OMMT content, but the ductility decreased slightly when the OMMT content was not beyond 7 wt %. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 10.1002/app.40972.
Preparation of graphite oxide/polyurethane foam material and its removal application of malachite green from aqueous solution
Authors: Qin Jiao , Qiu Fengxian , Rong Xinshan , Zhao Hao , Yang Dongya , Wan Jintao 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSynthetic dyes are commonly used in textile, paper, leather, food, plastic and cosmetic industries. In this study, a series of novel graphite oxide/polyurethane (GO/PU) polymeric foam materials were prepared by foaming technique. The GO/PU was applied to remove malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution. When static adsorption experiment was carried out with a GO content of 3.0%, a GO/PU dosage of 40 mg/mL, a temperature of 50°C, and a time of 3 h, the highest adsorption efficiency can reach 99.7%. The kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of MG adsorption onto GO/PU polymeric foam material were investigated. The results indicated that adsorption behavior was found to follow closely the pseudo‐second order kinetics, equilibrium data were well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model and the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Prepared GO/PU foam material has potential application for the wastewater treatment containing MG dye. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40988.
Trade Negotiations and Regional Economic Integration in the Pacific Islands Forum
Authors: Morgan Wesley 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWhen the Pacific Islands Forum was established in 1971, regional economic integration was high on the policy agenda. Over the four decades since, a political commitment to regional integration has waxed and waned. This paper explores past and present prospects for economic cooperation through the lens of regional trade negotiations. Into the new millennium, Pacific governments lobbied World Trade Organisation (WTO) members to recognise their trade‐related challenges, and sought special treatment in trade negotiations with the EU and with Australia and New Zealand. Despite these efforts, current trade negotiations among all Forum members—to extend the Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations (PACER‐Plus)—look unlikely to result in unique measures intended to help Pacific states take advantage of international trade. In this context, consideration should be given to downscaling formal trade negotiations in favour of other regional trade policy initiatives.
Prevalence and Incidence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Population‐Based Registry of American Indian and Alaska Native People, 2007–2009
Authors: Ferucci Elizabeth D. , Johnston Janet M. , Gaddy Jasmine R. , Sumner Lisa , Posever James O. , Choromanski Tammy L. , Gordon Caroline , Lim S. Sam , Helmick Charles G. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveFew studies have investigated the epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in American Indian and Alaska Native populations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of SLE in the Indian Health Service (IHS) active clinical population in 3 regions of the US.MethodsFor this population‐based registry within the IHS, the denominator consisted of individuals in the IHS active clinical population in 2007, 2008, and/or 2009 and residing in a community in 1 of 3 specified regions. Potential SLE cases were identified based on the presence of a diagnostic code for SLE or related disorder in the IHS National Data Warehouse. Detailed medical record abstraction was performed for each potential case. The primary case definition was documentation in the medical record of ≥4 of the revised American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of SLE. Prevalence was calculated for 2007, and the mean annual incidence was calculated for the years 2007 through 2009.ResultsThe age‐adjusted prevalence and incidence of SLE according to the primary definition were 178 per 100,000 person‐years (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 157–200) and 7.4 per 100,000 person‐years (95% CI 5.1–10.4). Among women, the age‐adjusted prevalence was 271, and the age‐adjusted incidence was 10.4. The prevalence was highest in women ages 50–59 years and in the Phoenix Area IHS.ConclusionThe first population‐based lupus registry in the US American Indian and Alaska Native population has demonstrated that the prevalence and incidence of SLE are high. Our estimates are as high as or higher than the rates reported in the US black population.
Implication of Epstein‐Barr Virus Infection in Disease‐Specific Autoreactive B Cell Activation in Ectopic Lymphoid Structures of Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Croia Cristina , Astorri Elisa , Murray‐Brown William , Willis Amanda , Brokstad Karl A. , Sutcliffe Nurhan , Piper Kim , Jonsson Roland , Tappuni Anwar R. , Pitzalis Costantino , Bombardieri Michele 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo examine whether the B cell tropic γ‐herpesvirus Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is aberrantly expressed in its latent and lytic forms within ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) in the salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and to investigate the relationship between EBV dysregulation, B cell activation, in situ differentiation of autoreactive plasma cells, disease‐specific autoantibody production, and cytotoxicity.MethodsLatent and lytic EBV infection in the salivary glands of 28 patients with SS and 38 patients with nonspecific chronic sialadenitis (NSCS), characterized for the presence or absence of ELS, was investigated by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical/immunofluorescence staining. Glandular versus synovial production of anti−Ro 52, anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), and anti–EBV peptide antibodies was analyzed in situ or in vivo in human SS/SCID and human rheumatoid arthritis/SCID mouse chimeras.ResultsEBV dysregulation within inflammatory infiltrates was observed exclusively in ELS+ SS salivary gland tissue, as revealed by latent EBV infection and lytic EBV infection in B cells and plasma cells, respectively. Conversely, epithelial latent membrane protein 2A expression was observed in both patients with SS and patients with NSCS. Importantly, perifollicular plasma cells displaying Ro 52 immunoreactivity were frequently infected by EBV. Furthermore, ELS‐containing SS salivary gland tissue that was transplanted into SCID mice supported the production of anti–Ro 52/anti–La 48 and anti‐EBV antibodies but not ACPAs. Analysis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell localization and granzyme B expression demonstrated that the persistence of EBV in ELS‐containing SS salivary glands was associated with follicular exclusion of CD8+ T cells and impaired CD8‐mediated cytotoxicity.ConclusionActive EBV infection is selectively associated with ELS in the salivary glands of patients with SS and appears to contribute to local growth and differentiation of disease‐specific autoreactive B cells.
‘In Some Eyes It's Still Oooh, Gloucester, Yeah Fred West’: Spatial Stigma and the Impact of a High‐profile Crime on Community Identity
Authors: Holt Amanda , Wilkins Chloe 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe question of how crime impacts on others has generated a wealth of research over the past few decades. However, there is surprisingly little knowledge about how ‘high‐profile’ crimes impact on community members who live in a town that has become synonymous with the crime itself. This study involves interviews with community members who lived or worked in the town of Gloucester when the serial killings perpetrated by Fred and Rosemary West were discovered in 1994. An interpretative phenomenological analysis explores the lived experiences and meaning‐making processes engaged in by the participants. Findings highlight their attempts to make sense of a high‐profile case that stigmatised their own community and the practices of identity management that continue to operate some 20 years later. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete Decomposition of Formaldehyde at Room Temperature over a Platinum‐Decorated Hierarchically Porous Electrospun Titania Nanofiber Mat
Authors: Nie Longhui , Yu Jiaguo , Fu Junwei 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTo overcome the drawbacks of high air resistance and the need to be pressed into tablets or attached to other big‐block supports for powder catalysts in the application of air purification, a mat‐like hierarchically porous TiO2 nanofibers (TF) decorated with Pt nanoparticles (NPs) catalyst (Pt/TF) was synthesized by dipping the hierarchically porous TF mat fabricated by electrospinning into an H2PtCl6 solution followed by NaBH4 reduction. Such a mat‐like catalyst has a smaller air resistance than a powder catalyst because of its hierarchical macro‐/mesoporous structure and can be used directly in air‐purification systems because of its larger size. In addition, the as‐prepared Pt/TF catalyst showed enhanced catalytic activity compared to a Pt‐NP‐decorated commercial TiO2 (P25) catalyst in the decomposition of formaldehyde at room temperature because of its accessible Pt NPs and hierarchical porous structure that facilitates the diffusion of reactants and products. This work will provide some new insights into the design and fabrication of advanced catalysts for indoor air purification.
Electrochemical Properties of Spinel Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles with Sodium Alginate as Interactive Binder
Authors: Mitra Sagar , Veluri Pavan S. , Chakraborthy Antara , Petla Ramesh K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe introduce a process of making high‐capacity and rate‐capable metal‐ferrite‐based conversion anodes for lithium‐ion batteries. Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) exhibits a discharge capacity that is two‐times higher compared to the state‐of‐the‐art graphite anode, but at the same time it shows high volume change (ca. 95 %) during conversion reaction with lithium in an electrochemical environment. This large volume expansion is responsible for the particle–particle and conductive‐carbon particles–active materials detachment, which leads to cyclic instability during subsequent cycles. As observed in our earlier work, any kind of weak or strong chemical interaction between active materials and binder is necessary to achieve excellent electrochemical performance in case of conversion or alloying reactions. To compare the electrochemical activity of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles against lithium, we use conventional polyvinylidene fluoride and sodium alginate binder to fabricate electrodes. Fourier‐transform infrared measurements reveal weak hydrogen‐bond formation between surface OH groups of CoFe2O4 and COOH groups of the alginate binder. Indentation tests further confirm the increased hardness of the alginate/CoFe2O4‐based electrode films. CoFe2O4–alginate–carbon anode exhibits a high specific capacity of 890 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C rate (91.4 mA g−1) after 50 charge–discharge cycles. Even at high rate cycling with current densities such as 18280 mA g−1 (20 C), the same electrode material exhibits a specific capacity of 470 mAh g−1, which is much higher than that of conventional graphite anode at the same electrochemical conditions.
Imidazolium 2‐Substituted 4,5‐Dicyanoimidazolate Ionic Liquids: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Structure–Thermal Property Relationships
Authors: Mondal Suvendu Sekhar , Müller Holger , Junginger Matthias , Kelling Alexandra , Schilde Uwe , Strehmel Veronika , Holdt Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThirty six novel ionic liquids (ILs) with 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium and 3‐methyl‐1‐octylimidazolium cations paired with 2‐substitited 4,5‐dicyanoimidazolate anions (substituent at C2=chloro, bromo, methoxy, vinyl, amino, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl and phenyl) have been synthesized and characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The effects of cation and anion type and structure on the thermal properties of the resulting ionic liquids, including several room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are examined and discussed. ILs exhibited large liquid and crystallization ranges and formed glasses on cooling with glass transition temperatures in the range of −22 to −68 °C. The effects of alkyl substituents of the imidazolate anion reflected the crystallization, melting points and thermal decomposition of the ILs. The Coulombic packing force, van der Waals forces and size of the anions can be considered for altering the thermal transitions. Three crystal structures of the ILs were determined and the effects of changes to the cations and anions on the packing of the structure were investigated.
Visible‐Light‐Driven, Tunable, Photoelectrochemical Performance of a Series of Metal‐Chelate, Dye‐Organized, Crystalline, CdS Nanoclusters
Authors: Liu Yang , Lin Qipu , Zhang Qichun , Bu Xianhui , Feng Pingyun 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCdS nanoclusters of four different sizes were integrated with ruthenium‐complex dyes. The cluster–dye crystalline composites, [Cd4(SPh)10][Ru(bpy)3], [Cd8S(SPh)16][Ru(bpy)3], [Cd8S(SPh)13⋅Cl⋅(CH3OCS2)2][Ru(phen)3], [Cd17S4(SPh)28][Ru(bpy)3], and [Cd32S14(SPh)40][Ru(phen)3]2 (phen=1,10‐phenanthroline and bpy=bipyridine), show intense absorption in the visible‐light region. They also exhibit size‐dependent photocurrent responses under the illumination of visible light. The photocurrent increases with increased cluster size. The dyes also have significant influence on the photocurrent generation of the composite.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Reductive Cross‐Coupling of Csp2Csp3 Bond Formation
Authors: Liu Hui , Wei Jianpeng , Qiao Zongjun , Fu Yana , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA Pd‐catalyzed efficient reductive cross‐coupling reaction without metallic reductant to construct a Csp2Csp3 bond has been reported. A PdIV complex was proposed to be a key intermediate, which subsequently went through double oxidative addition and double reductive elimination to produce the cross‐coupling products by involving Pd0/II/IV in one transformation. The oxidative addition from PdII to PdIV was partially demonstrated to be a radical process by self‐oxidation of substrate without additional oxidants. Furthermore, the solvent was proved to be the reductant for this transformation through XPS analysis.
Symptom burden among young adults with breast or colorectal cancer
Authors: Sanford Stacy D. , Zhao Fengmin , Salsman John M. , Chang Victor T. , Wagner Lynne I. , Fisch Michael J. 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUNDCancer incidence has increased among young adults (YAs) and survival rates have not improved compared with other age groups. Patient‐reported outcomes may enhance our understanding of this vulnerable population.METHODSIn a multisite prospective study, patients completed a cancer symptom inventory at the time of enrollment (T1) and 4 weeks to 5 weeks later (T2). YAs (those aged ≤ 39 years) with breast or colorectal cancer were compared with older adults (those aged ≥ 40 years) with breast or colorectal cancer with regard to symptom severity, symptom interference, changes over time, and medical care.RESULTSParticipants included 1544 patients with breast cancer (96 of whom were YAs) and 718 patients with colorectal cancer (37 of whom were YAs). Compared with older adults, YAs with breast cancer were more likely to report moderate/severe drowsiness, hair loss, and symptom interference with relationships at T1. YAs with colorectal cancer were more likely to report moderate/severe pain, fatigue, nausea, distress, drowsiness, shortness of breath, and rash plus interference in general activity, mood, work, relationships, and life enjoyment compared with older adults. Compared with older adults, shortness of breath, appetite, and sore mouth were more likely to improve in YAs with breast cancer; vomiting was less likely to improve in YAs with colorectal cancer. Referrals for supportive care were few, especially among patients with colorectal cancer. YAs with breast cancer were somewhat more likely to be referred to nutrition and psychiatry services than older patients.CONCLUSIONSYAs reported symptom severity, symptom interference, and variations over time that were distinct from older patients. Distinctions were found to differ by diagnostic group. These findings enhance the understanding of symptom burden in YAs and inform the development of targeted interventions and future research. Cancer 2014;120:2255–2263. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Breast cancer detection among young survivors of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma with screening magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Tieu Minh Thi , Cigsar Candemir , Ahmed Sameera , Ng Andrea , Diller Lisa , Millar B.‐A. , Crystal Pavel , Hodgson David C. 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUNDFemale survivors of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) who have received chest radiotherapy are at increased risk of breast cancer. Guidelines for early breast cancer screening among these survivors are based on little data regarding clinical outcomes. This study reports outcomes of breast cancer screening with MRI and mammography (MMG) after childhood HL.METHODSWe evaluated the results of breast MRI and MMG screening among 96 female survivors of childhood HL treated with chest radiotherapy. Outcomes measured included imaging sensitivity and specificity, breast cancer characteristics, and incidence of additional imaging and breast biopsy.RESULTSMedian age at first screening was 30 years, and the median number of MRI screening rounds was 3. Ten breast cancers were detected in 9 women at a median age of 39 years (range, 24‐43 years). Half were invasive and half were preinvasive. The median size of invasive tumors was 8 mm (range, 3‐15 mm), and none had lymph node involvement. Sensitivity and specificity of the screening modalities were as follows: for MRI alone, 80% and 93.5%, respectively; MMG alone, 70% and 95%, respectively; both modalities combined, 100% and 88.6%, respectively. All invasive tumors were detected by MRI. Additional investigations were required in 52 patients, (54%), and 26 patients (27%) required breast biopsy, with 10 patients requiring more than 1 biopsy.CONCLUSIONSScreening including breast MRI with MMG has high sensitivity and specificity in pediatric HL survivors, with breast cancers detected at an early stage, although it is associated with a substantial rate of additional investigations. Cancer 2014;120:2507–2513. © 2014 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Programmed cell death 4 and microRNA 21 inverse expression is maintained in cells and exosomes from ovarian serous carcinoma effusions
Authors: Cappellesso Rocco , Tinazzi Andrea , Giurici Thomas , Simonato Francesca , Guzzardo Vincenza , Ventura Laura , Crescenzi Marika , Chiarelli Silvia , Fassina Ambrogio 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUNDOvarian serous carcinoma (OSC) is a fatal gynecologic malignancy usually presenting with bilateral localization and malignant peritoneal effusion. Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is a tumor suppressor gene whose expression is directly controlled by microRNA‐21 (miR‐21). Exosomes are small cell‐derived vesicles that participate in intercellular communication, delivering their cargo of molecules to specific cells. Exosomes are involved in several physiological and pathological processes including oncogenesis, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The current study analyzed the expression of PDCD4 and miR‐21 in resected OSC specimens and in cells and exosomes from OSC peritoneal effusions.METHODSPDCD4 was immunohistochemically examined in 14 normal ovaries, 14 serous cystadenoma (CA), and 14 OSC cases. Quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis of PDCD4 and miR‐21 expression was performed in CA and OSC cases and in cells and exosomes obtained from 10 OSC and 10 nonneoplastic peritoneal effusions. miR‐21 was also evaluated by in situ hybridization.RESULTSImmunohistochemistry demonstrated a gradual PDCD4 loss from normal ovaries to CA and OSC specimens. Quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction displayed higher PDCD4 messenger RNA levels in CA specimens compared with OSC cases and highlighted miR‐21 overexpression in OSC specimens. In situ hybridization detected miR‐21 only in OSC cells. This PDCD4 and miR‐21 inverse expression was also noted in cells and exosomes from OSC peritoneal effusions compared with nonneoplastic effusions.CONCLUSIONSPDCD4 and miR‐21 are involved in OSC oncogenesis. The transfer of miR‐21 by exosomes could promote oncogenic transformation in target cells distant from the primary tumor without direct colonization by cancer cells and could be used as a diagnostic tool. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:685–693. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Interference of flavonoids with fluorescent intracellular probes: Methodological implications in the evaluation of the oxidative burst by flow cytometry
Authors: Peluso Ilaria , Manafikhi Husseen , Reggi Raffaella , Palmery Maura 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe evaluation of oxidative burst is particularly relevant in many pathological and subclinical conditions. Flow cytometry provides quick and accurate measures of the reactive oxygen species production by leukocytes in most situations. However, spurious results, related to probes' efflux may be observed in several instances. Many factors affect the evaluation of the oxidative burst with fluorescent probes that require intracellular deacetylation and could be substrate of the multidrug resistance proteins (MDR). After discussing the implications of the efflux of fluorophores in the normalization strategies in flow cytometry assays, we have pointed out the possible interference of flavonoids with fluorescet probes' staining and signal. We have also reviewed the results from human intervention studies regarding the evaluation of oxidative burst with these probes. In vitro, at concentrations close to post‐ingestion circulating levels, some flavonoids and their metabolites could interfere with probes' staining and fluorescence signal through different mechanisms, such as the inhibition of esterases, the modulation of the MDR‐mediate efflux of probe and the inhibition of the oxidation of probe. These effects may explain the contrasting results obtained by human intervention studies. Finally, also inflammatory state or the use of drugs substrate of MDR proteins could affect the evaluation of the oxidative burst with intracellular probes. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry