bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wavefront Reconstruction Based on Multi-directional Orthogonal Lateral Shearing Interferometry
Authors: Zhu Yahui , Tian Ailing , Wang Hongjun , Liu Bingcai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The shear wavefront in a single direction, which has the phase deviation of the missing orthogonal direction in the interference pattern, there are the limitation of phase sampling points on the shear direction, it has a certain impact on achieving high spatial resolution in wavefront reconstruction. To achieve high-precision wavefront reconstruction of more sampled data in multi-orthogonal shear directions. In our investigation, a wavefront reconstruction method based on multi-directional orthogonal lateral shearing interferometry was studied. By establishing a relationship model corresponding to multi-directional differential wavefront and differential Zernike polynomials, the principle of wavefront reconstruction based on differential Zernike polynomials, a wavefront reconstruction method for multi-directional orthogonal lateral shearing interferometry is proposed. Firstly, the effectiveness of multi-directional orthogonal shearing interferometry wavefront reconstruction was verified by simulation research. Then, a mathematical model for multi-directional orthogonal lateral shearing interferometry of wavefront testing was established. Finally, the measurement verification of actual experimental that the spherical wavefront was carried out, by comparing the repeatability measurement with the measurement results of the ZYGO interferometer, the relative measurement error precision of RMS was better than 0.01λ.
OCIS codes: (120.3180) Interferometry; (230.0230) Optical devices; (120.3940) Metrology; (120.5050) Phase measurement.
Targeted ultrasound-mediated molecular diagnosis and tumor microenvironment remodeling of pancreatic cancer with aPD-L1-modified docetaxel-loaded phase-transition nanoparticles
Authors: Tang Yi , Shen Qingling , Lin Peng , Zhuo Minling , Gan Yajiao , Su Yixi , Qian Qingfu , Lin Liwu , Xue Ensheng , Chen Zhikui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Early diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is challenging because of its depth, which often leads to misdiagnosis during ultrasound examinations. The unique PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by significant fibrous tissue growth, and high interstitial pressure hinders drug penetration into tumors. Additionally, hypoxia and immune suppression within the tumor contribute to poor responses to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, ultimately leading to an unfavorable prognosis. This study, aPDL1-DTX/PFP@Lipid nanoparticles were synthesized and had an average diameter of 61.63 nm with 84.3% antibody modification. We demonstrated that the nanoparticles exhibited excellent PDAC-targeting capabilities both in vitro and in vivo. Upon exposure to low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation, the nanoparticles underwent a phase transition to form microbubbles with substantial molecular ultrasound diagnostic effects, and combined treatment resulted in a tumor growth inhibition rate of 88.91%. This treatment strategy also led to the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, the downregulation of Treg cells, the promotion of M1 macrophage polarization, the inhibition of fibrosis to reduce tumor stromal pressure, and the facilitation of perfluoropropane (PFP) gasification to release O2 and improve tumor hypoxia. In conclusion, aPD-L1-modified liquid‒vapor phase-transition nanoparticles loaded with docetaxel (DTX) were successfully combined with ultrasound for the molecular diagnosis and targeted treatment of PDAC. aPDL1-DTX/PFP@Lipid nanoparticles could reshape the PDAC TME, offering a new approach for ultrasound-mediated diagnosis and treatment with promising clinical applications.
Job Satisfaction and Its Determinants Among Nurses at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Authors: Muhammed Seid , Adal Ousman 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim
The main goal of the study is to examine the level of job satisfaction and its determinants among nurses at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Methods
The research used a quantitative approach. Primary data was collected using an institutional-based cross-sectional study from 178 respondents through a simple random sampling technique. The data was collected from June 12–19, 2022. Demographic data and job-related satisfaction were measured using the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) by Paul E. Spector.
Results
The descriptive statistics of this study revealed that nurses at TIbebe Ghion Specialized Hospital are slightly satisfied, with a mean score of 3.3 and a satisfaction percentage of 56.5%. The study also showed that job satisfaction has a significant and positive correlation with the sex of the respondents, concluding that sex influences the overall job satisfaction level of nurses.
Estimation of karst carbon sink in typical karst system in pediment of Taihang Mountain, northern China.
Authors: Wu Ya Zun , Ren Suya , Lin Yun , Wang Yiyang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The increase of global carbon dioxide concentration leads to climate change and accurate estimation of carbon sink fluxes from rock weathering in karst regions is of great significance to the current global carbon cycle and climate change. However, sulfide oxidation in coal-bearing strata in karst areas of northern China forms sulfuric acid that enters the karst groundwater system and participates in the dissolution of carbonate rocks, making carbon sink estimates potentially too high. To accurately estimate carbon sinks, we selected a typical foothill karst system in northern China. The effects of sulfuric acid on carbonate weathering and carbon sink flux were quantitatively evaluated by applying the Galy model and water chemistry methods. Twenty-nine data sets were analyzed for the dry and wet seasons. The results show that the karst groundwater ions in the spring area mainly originated from the weathering and dissolution of carbonate rocks and partly from the weathering and dissolution of silicate rocks. The total HCO3- flux in the spring area is 296.49´103mol/km2·a-1. When only carbonic acid dissolution was considered, the rock dissolution rate was 300.83´103mol/km2·a-1 and the total consumed CO2 flux was 191.82´103mol/km2·a-1. When carbonic acid and sulfuric acid were jointly involved, the rock dissolution rate was 364.33´103mol/km2·a-1 and the total consumed CO2 flux was 162.17´103mol/km2·a-1. With the participation of sulfuric acid, the rock dissolution rate was elevated by 21.11%, while the consumed CO2 flux decreased by 15%, and the sink reduction effect of sulfuric acid dissolution on karst carbon sinks was obvious. And the carbon sink rate in wet season more than doubled compared with that in dry season. This study provides a basis for the evaluation of carbon sinks in northern China.
Experimental Study to Improve the Strength of Expansive Soil in Egypt Using Different Percentage of Bitumen
Authors: Hakeem Beshoy M. , Hakeem Beshoy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Clayey soils naturally shrink and swell, which can have a major impact on buildings due to differential settlements. In semi-arid and arid regions of the world, expansive soils present a significant maintenance challenge for geotechnical practicing engineers. This paper investigates the effect of using six different percentages of bitumen to improve the properties of expansive soils in Egypt. Extensive soil samples were taken from three locations, including the 6th of October (Very high potential expansiveness), El-Mokatam area (High potential expansiveness), Abo-Tartor (El-Kharga, El-Wadi EL- Gedid) (Medium potential expansiveness). Each soil sample set is mixed with bitumen at percentages of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15% by weight to generate six different mixtures. Testing was done on the classification, specific gravity, Atterberge limits, compaction properties, free swell, swelling potential, swell pressure, and compressive strength of the natural and treated soils. The results indicated that, when bitumen content was increased to 15%, the liquid limit decreased by 41.5%, 37.23%, and 35.21% for very high potential expansiveness, high potential expansiveness, and medium potential expansiveness, respectively. Also, free swell, swelling potential, and swell pressure decreased by 68%, 65.5%, and 70% for very high potential expansiveness when bitumen content was increased to 15%. For high potential expansiveness, free swell, swelling potential, and swell pressure decreased by 67.2%, 62.26%, and 45%. In addition, increasing bitumen percentage by 15%, decreased by 33.5%, 55%, and 31.43 for medium potential expansiveness. In this study, the effect of using bitumen on shear strength characteristics, optimum water content, max. dry density, swell limit, shrink limit, and shrink-swell limit for very high, high, medium potential expansiveness have been studied. It was concluded that bitumen stabilization using for improvement the properties of expansive soil in Egypt. Finally, a new set of correlation equations was proposed to estimate the swelling characteristics in relation to the bitumen addition percentage to expansive soil.
An implementation strategy bundle targeting knowledge and costs to implement the combined lifestyle intervention ProMuscle for community-dwelling older adults: a mixed-methods pilot study
Authors: Laag Patricia J. , Dorhout Berber G , Veenhof Cindy , Barten Di-Janne JA , Schoonhoven Lisette 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
ProMuscle is an evidence-based lifestyle intervention for community-dwelling older adults, combining exercise and nutrition. This pilot study investigated the feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity of a recently developed Implementation Strategy Bundle to implement ProMuscle in seven community settings in the Netherlands.
Method
This mixed-methods study followed an exploratory sequential approach. Eight physical therapists and three dieticians received a digital implementation toolbox in which the Implementation Strategy Bundle was further specified into chronologically described activities targeting the two main barriers ‘knowledge’ and ‘costs’. Quantitative data were collected through surveys at baseline, 3 months and 8 months post-implementation. A process evaluation consisted of monthly project meetings and a 90-minute focusgroup 8 months post-implementation. Quantitative data were statistically analyzed and informed the interview guide of the focusgroup. Field notes, memos and transcript of the focus group were thematically analyzed.
Results
Quantitative results showed the implementation strategy bundle was acceptable (mean = 4.31 ± 0.54, 5-point Likert scale) and feasible (mean = 4.61 ± 0.42). Most activities were executed as proposed, indicating good fidelity. The process evaluation indicated the strategy bundle as helpful and easy to use, with suggestions for improvement. Low recruitment rates and a long start-up resulted in two of the 16 practices delivering ProMuscle. Extra activities to enhance collaboration seems needed to overcome these barriers.
Conclusion
This mixed-methods pilot study showed that the implementation strategy bundle addressing barriers on knowledge and costs is feasible and acceptable for implementing ProMuscle in multiple community care settings. Suggestions from this pilot should be considered before investigating the effectiveness in a larger trail.
Deep Learning and Machine Learning Based Highly Accurate Prediction of Reflection for Multi Layers Anti-Reflection Coatings
Authors: OKTAY Semih , DURU İremnur , BAKIR Halit , TABARU Timuçin Emre 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Optical filters are specialized structures designed to selectively transmit specific regions of the optical spectrum while blocking others. These filters achieve their desired properties using a variety of materials and methods. This work focuses on designing and optimizing multilayer optical filters utilizing Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques. A dataset is created from Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations of Germanium (Ge) substrates coated with alumina (Al2O3) or silica (SiO2). The dataset consists of bands 3–5, typical for medium-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands, and includes reflectance values for wavelengths varying between 3 µm and 12 µm. Six ML algorithms and a DL model, including artificial neural networks (ANN) and convolutional neural networks (CNN), are evaluated to determine the most effective approach for predicting reflectance properties. Bayesian optimization is used to fine-tune the hyperparameters of the DL model, achieving optimum performance. The results show that ML models, particularly decision tree, random forest, and bagging methods, outperform the DL model in predicting reflectance values and provide a valuable reference for designing and fabricating optical thin-film filters.
Fault Analysis of Kusheriki Map Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Udoutun Charles Brendan , Oden Michael I 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Faults plays a crucial role in various sector of the economy, and the understanding of fault is essential in the exploration of geothermal energy, mining, management of water and agricultural resources, construction and infrastructure, hazard mitigation, oil and gas exploration, and tourism. Kusheriki is part of Nigerian Basement Complex, located within the Pan-African mobile belt, sandwiched between the West African Craton and the Congo Craton. The area lies within latitudes N10° 00´ and N11° 00´ and longitudes E6° 00´ and E7° 00´. The basement complex is predominantly composed of three formations, Kushaka Formation, Kusheriki Psammite Formation, and the Birnin Gwari Schist Formation. Kusheriki is located in Niger state in Nigeria and is 102 km away from Minna the Niger state capital and 200 km away from Abuja the capital of Nigeria with a land area of 923,768 km2, the principal goal of this study is to analyze the lineaments on Kusheriki map. Study of fault in the area is important as it is a potential host to rare metals, hydrothermal activities and mineralization. Fault analysis on Kusheriki map (sheet 31 Nigerian Geological Survey Agency) of Northwestern Nigeria shows dominant orientations of NNE-SSW, NE-SW (Pan-African), NW-SE (pre-Pan-African), and NNE to N-S which is related to dextral faulting. Analysis of about 75 lineaments measured on the geological map of Kusheriki sheet 31, shows longest fault to be 38.8 to 39 km, analysis of individual fault reveals that the normal fault with 39 km and orientation of 0 – 30o is the longest, the longest probable fault is 15 km with orientation of 20o – 30o, the longest tear faults is 25 km and display a unimodal trend of NE-SW with orientation of 50o – 60o, the longest major quartz vein is 5 km with orientation of 40o – 50o and displays a less prominent E-W trend. The result of the analysis shows that the major quartz vein in the area lies parallel between the normal fault, probable fault and the tear fault. As result of the analysis, geochemical analysis should be carried out on the quartz vein to study the economic minerals hosted by the vein and geophysical investigation carried out to know the depth of the vein.
Timing anomaly detection based on GRU-INEncoder
Authors: Han Shiqian , Wu Junxia , Wang Jun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In the field of unsupervised timing anomaly detection, existing methods face challenges in capturing long-range dependencies and dynamic timings due to the scale of the data and multiple feature dimensions. This paper presents a novel method for timing anomaly detection that effectively extracts long-range dependencies and dynamic timing features by leveraging stacked encoders and gated recurrent units (GRUs). Moreover, it introduces a multi-branch attention mechanism to extract local and global features, thereby enhancing the model's ability to perceive information at different scales. The local attention captures fine-grained time series changes, while the global attention focuses on long-term trends and overarching patterns. Experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms existing time-series anomaly detection methods across several publicly available datasets, such as SMD, MSL, and SMAP, affirming its superiority in terms of accuracy and robustness.
Relationship between spinons and magnetic fields in a fractionalized state
Authors: Cao Gang , Zhang Yu , Zhao Hengdi , Cao Tristan , Nandkishore Rahul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The 4d-electron trimer lattice Ba4Nb1-xRu3+xO12 features a universal heavy spinon Fermi surface that underpins both a quantum spin liquid (QSL) and an adjacent heavy-fermion strange metal (HFSM), depending on Nb content; the itinerant spinons as heat carriers render the charge-insulating QSL a much better thermal conductor than the HFSM [1]. Here we report that application of a magnetic field up to 14 T surprisingly breaks the signature temperature-linearity of the heat capacity of both phases below 150 mK, inducing a rapid rise in the heat capacity by as much as 5000%, whereas the AC magnetic susceptibility and the electrical resistivity show little response up to 14 T in the same milli-Kelvin temperature range. Furthermore, the magnetic field readily suppresses the thermal conductivity, and more strongly with decreasing temperature below 4 K by up to 40%. All these complex thermal phenomena indicate a powerful simplifying principle: Application of a magnetic field adversely weakens the itineracy of spinons and eventually destroys it with decreasing temperature, leading to an unprecedented quantum state featuring the astonishing rise in the heat capacity, thus entropy in the most unlikely circumstances of milli-Kelvin temperatures and strong magnetic fields. We present and discuss possible explanations.
Size control and oscillations of active droplets in synthetic cells
Authors: Boekhoven Job , Sastre Judti , Thatte Advait , Bergmann Alexander , Stasi Michele , Tena-Solsona Marta , Weber Christoph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Oscillations in the formation and dissolution of molecular assemblies inside living cells are pivotal in orchestrating various cellular functions and processes. However, designing such rhythmic patterns in synthetic cells remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate the spontaneous emergence of spatio-temporal oscillations in the number of droplets, size, and position within a synthetic cell. The coacervate-based droplets in these synthetic cells sediment and fuse at the cell’s bottom. Through a newly discovered size control mechanism, the sedimented, large droplets shrink by expelling droplet material. The expelled molecules nucleate new droplets at the top of the synthetic cell, which grow and sediment again. These oscillations are sustained by converting chemical fuel into waste and can continue for hundreds of periods without evidence of fatigue. Strikingly, the period of the oscillation is in the minute's regime and tunable. These findings bring us closer to creating more life-like materials and de novo life.
CANTAC-seq analysis reveals E2f1 and Otx1 as a coupled repressor-activator pair co-modulating zygotic genome activation in Xenopus tropicalis
Authors: Chen Wei , Cui Huanhuan , Liang Weizheng , Shi Zhaoying , Zhang Luming , Li Guipeng , Chen Rui , Tian Chi , Gan Diwen , Shi Xinyao , Sun Zhiyuan , Zhu Qionghua , Fang Liang , Huang Hongda , Hu Yuhui , Chen Yonglong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is tightly associated with the modulation of chromatin accessibility via maternal transcription factors. However, due to technical limitations, it remains elusive how the chromatin regulatory landscape is established during Xenopus tropicalis (X. tropicalis) ZGA and DNA binding transcription regulators involved in this process have therefore been underexplored. Here, by developing CANTAC-seq, we generated a first genome-wide map of accessible chromatin of early X. tropicalis embryos and found that the open chromatin landscape is progressively established at cis-regulatory elements during ZGA. Based on the motif analysis and perturbation experiments, we demonstrated E2f1, a well-known transcriptional activator, maintains a repressive chromatin environment independent of its negative effect on cell cycle progression before the MBT. Moreover, we identified another maternal factor Otx1 counteracts the inhibitory function of E2f1. The dynamic balance between the two factors determines the temporal regulation of a set of genes required for zygotic gene transcription and germ layer differentiation.
Performance Enhancement of Plate Heat Exchangers Using MWCNTs-SiO2 Hybrid Nanofluids: A CFD Analysis on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics
Authors: Heris Saeed Zeinali , Zolfagharian Nima , Mousavi Seyed Borhan , Nami Shamin Hosseini 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Heat exchangers play a vital role in numerous sectors like power generation and automotive manufacturing. Enhancing the energy efficiency of these exchangers stands as a significant hurdle. Utilizing nanofluids emerges as an optimal solution to augment heat transfer rates, leveraging their superior thermal conductivity while addressing economic constraints linked with traditional heat exchanger technologies. The motivation for this study is to consider the comprehensive synergistic features of MWCNTs, SiO2, and hybrid MWCNTs–SiO2 EG-based nanofluids in plate heat exchangers. This was achieved by simulating a plate heat exchanger using CFD (Fluent and Gambit softwares) considering the comparison of two SiO2, MWCNTs, and their hybrid forms at different mass concentrations. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method was employed to model turbulent flows, and the nanoparticles were compared in both single-phase and two-phase states, with their properties derived from experimental studies. Moreover, Nusselt number, convective heat transfer coefficient, and pressure drop variations were computed at different Reynolds numbers. The findings indicated an increase in the Nusselt number with the incorporation of the hybrid nanofluid, achieving a maximum enhancement of 11.19% in comparison to EG at a Reynolds number of 240 and a concentration of 0.86 wt.%. Noticeably, the pressure drop remained negligible at lower Reynolds numbers, exhibiting marginal variations up to 0.3% at higher Reynolds numbers. At a concentration of 0.86 wt.% and a Reynolds number of 480, the introduction of MWCNTs, hybrid, and SiO2 nano-additives resulted in respective increases in the heat transfer coefficient by 21.02%, 10.76%, and 2.16% and corresponding alterations in pressure drop of 0.11%, 0.04%, and 0.02%.
Comparing pruned Llama 3 and Llama 2 models for on-device AI assistants
Authors: Liu Bo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Sparse connectivity is ubiquitous in biological neural networks. In the machine learning field, it has a long history to train dense neural networks then prune them for sparse connectivity. Recently, this research direction was extended to pruning and sparsifying large language models (LLMs), for which many numerical methods have been invented. Previously, we adopted one of such methods to prune the Llama-2 7B model, in order to develop small-sized language models for on-device AI assistants. We figured out that its sparsity limit is 60\%, at which the pruned Llama-2 7B model could generate fluent and helpful answers to daily queries despite occasional factual inaccuracies. In this article, we extended previous pruning and evaluation methods to the newly-released Llama-3 8B model. We found that this Llama 3 model has a sparsity limit of 53\%, at which it produced fewer factual inaccuracies than Llama 2 at the sparsity limits but required more parameters. We hypothesized that the accuracy improvement is due to the longer context window and larger training dataset used in Llama 3, while the increased parameter requirement is due to its versatility in generating both text and code output. Based on these results and insights, we proposed future directions to boost the model performance after pruning, paving the way for lightweight LLMs as on-device AI assistants.