bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing crop disease early warning in South Asia by complementing expert surveys with internet media scraping
Authors: Smith Jacob W. , Faisal Asif Al , Hodson David , Baidya Suraj , Bhatta Madan , Thapa Dhruba , Basnet Roshan , Thurston William , Krupnik T. J. , Gilligan Christopher A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWheat contributes one‐fifth of the global food supply with an estimated 29% of global production in low and lower‐middle income countries. As production expands across southern Asia, yields are often negatively impacted by outbreaks of fungal rust diseases. A wheat rust early warning and advisory system comprising surveillance, near real‐time disease risk forecasts and advisory dissemination has been established in two target countries in South Asia, including Nepal and Bangladesh. However, as wheat rust spores can be aerially transmitted over long distances, near real‐time estimates of disease incidence are required from sources of infection in neighbouring regions. To address this challenge, we developed and tested a novel algorithm to generate proxy observations of infection sources using online media reports in two neighbouring countries, India and Pakistan. Media sampling could provide an effective alternative where data from ground surveys are not readily available in near real‐time. Our results show that west Nepal was exposed to a substantial inoculum pressure from aerially dispersed stripe rust spores originating from India and Pakistan. There were no outbreaks of stripe rust disease in Bangladesh with only very low levels of cross‐border dispersion and generally unfavourable environmental conditions for infection. We further describe how proxy observations informed farmer decision‐making in near real‐time in Nepal and filled a knowledge gap in identifying early sources of infection for a major outbreak of stripe rust during 2020 in Nepal. Our results highlight the importance of international cooperation in mitigating transboundary plant pathogens.
SERENE ER Analysis Part 2 SERENE‐UC: Exposure‐response Analysis of Higher Versus Standard Adalimumab Dosing Regimens for Patients with Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Stodtmann Sven , Chen Mong‐Jen , Ponce‐Bobadilla Ana Victoria , Finney‐Hayward Tricia K. , Kalabic Jasmina , Mostafa Nael M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSERENE UC (NCT02065622) evaluated whether a higher adalimumab induction regimen improved patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) response, but a flat dose‐response relationship was found in the induction study. We investigated exposure‐response (ER) relationships in induction and maintenance studies considering patients’ baseline characteristics. Adalimumab exposures were simulated using the established population pharmacokinetic model. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess the efficacy endpoints (clinical remission, endoscopic remission, endoscopic improvement) at weeks 8 and 52. In the induction study, an increasing ER trend with heterogeneity between induction regimens was shown, suggesting average concentration (Cavg) had a significant impact on primary efficacy endpoints within each group. However, data were not described by a single ER curve. Using inverse effective clearance as the exposure metric described trends across induction regimens with a single curve. Patients with inherently lower effective adalimumab clearance responded better. The patient response rates at week 52 showed no heterogeneity. A short‐term increase in adalimumab dose did not drive better responses for induction, and apparent ER relationships were better explained by patient‐inherent lower clearance. Conversely, during maintenance up to week 52, increasing the concentration via dose translated to better responses more robustly. The ER findings for SERENE UC were consistent with SERENE CD.
A genetic algorithm‐based virtual machine scheduling algorithm for energy‐efficient resource management in cloud computing
Authors: Shi Feng 
Published: July 2024

SummaryTo address the unbalanced resource load of a virtual machine cluster, the author proposes an energy‐saving virtual machine scheduling algorithm based on resource management cloud computing technology. This article analyzes the current cloud computing and virtual machine scheduling research in the cloud computing environment. It discusses the concept, characteristics, classification, application scenarios, and key cloud computing technologies. A genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem of high energy consumption in the data center. The test results show that in the same original configuration scheme, the migration times based on the greedy algorithm adopted by GA2ND are about 1000, and the migration times of GA1ST are between 200 and 500. The GA2ND migration scheme requires fewer virtual machines. In the result analysis, the experiments compare the proposed algorithms—DVFS, IMC, GA1ST, and GA2ND—with a focus on energy consumption and virtual machine migration. Notably, DVFS serves as a reference for energy efficiency, IMC represents the proposed algorithm without genetic optimization, GA1ST denotes the genetic algorithm under a heterogeneous model, and GA2ND signifies the enhanced genetic algorithm introduced in this article. The comparison aims to assess the energy efficiency and virtual machine migration performance of each algorithm in the context of a simulated cloud computing environment. Therefore, the algorithm proposed in this article can effectively reduce energy consumption and avoid frequent migration of virtual machines.
Photoisomerization of Azobenzene Induced Generation of Hydrazobenzene Mediated by Diboron Ester
Authors: Song Xinluo , Yin Lingfeng , Hao Subin , Chen Yanqi , Ma Cheng , Li Ming‐De , Dang Li 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe reactions occurred at excited states are promising and flourished. Many strategies have been discovered reactions initiated by visible light and without transition metals and organic dyes. Diboron ester (B2cat2) has special activity towards unsaturated bonds at excited states. In this work, azobenzene and derivatives are reduced to hydrazo with high yield and high selectivity by a very convenient and rapid reaction. Only three factors, B2cat2, water and 400 nm lighting or sunlight are necessary. Density functional theory (DFT) studies and NMR results show that azobenzene is excited and a trans to cis isomerization occurs under 400 nm and B2cat2 reacts with cis azobenzene through B−B bond cleavage rather than with ground state trans azobenzene. Hydrazo compounds are obtained after hydrolysis with water. Gram level hydrazobenzenes are obtained under sunlight with moderate yields. This strategy is benefit to sustainable chemistry.
Endogenous Control and Reward‐based Mechanisms Shape Infants’ Attention Biases to Caregiver Faces
Authors: Hunter Brianna , Montgomery Brooke , Sridhar Aditi , Markant Julie 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTInfants rely on developing attention skills to identify relevant stimuli in their environments. Although caregivers are socially rewarding and a critical source of information, they are also one of many stimuli that compete for infants’ attention. Young infants preferentially hold attention on caregiver faces, but it is unknown whether they also preferentially orient to caregivers and the extent to which these attention biases reflect reward‐based attention mechanisms. To address these questions, we measured 4‐ to 10‐month‐old infants’ (N = 64) frequency of orienting and duration of looking to caregiver and stranger faces within multi‐item arrays. We also assessed whether infants’ attention to these faces related to individual differences in Surgency, an indirect index of reward sensitivity. Although infants did not show biased attention to caregiver versus stranger faces at the group level, infants were increasingly biased to orient to stranger faces with age and infants with higher Surgency scores showed more robust attention orienting and attention holding biases to caregiver faces. These effects varied based on the selective attention demands of the task, suggesting that infants’ attention biases to caregiver faces may reflect both developing attention control skills and reward‐based attention mechanisms.
A non‐invasive approach to measuring body dimensions of wildlife with camera traps: A felid field trial
Authors: Paton Alexandra J. , Brook Barry W. , Buettel Jessie C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDimensions of body size are an important measurement in animal ecology, although they can be difficult to obtain due to the effort and cost associated with the invasive nature of these measurements. We avoid these limitations by using camera trap images to derive dimensions of animal size. To obtain measurements of object dimensions using this method, the size of the object in pixels, the focal length of the camera, and the distance to that object must be known. We describe a novel approach of obtaining the distance to the object through the creation of a portable distance marker, which, when photographed, creates a “reference image” to determine the position of the animal within an image. This method allows for the retrospective analysis of existing datasets and eliminates the need for permanent in‐field distance markers. We tested the accuracy of this methodology under controlled conditions with objects of known size resembling Felis catus, our study species, validating the legitimacy of our method of size estimation. We then apply our method to measure feral cat body size using images collected in Tasmania, Australia. The precision of our methodology was evaluated by comparing size estimates across individual cats, revealing consistent and reliable results. The average height (front paw to shoulder) of the feral cats sampled was 25.25 cm (CI = 24.4, 26.1) and the average length (base of tail to nose) was 47.48 cm (CI = 46.0, 48.9), suggesting wild feral cats in our study area are no larger than their domestic counterparts. Given the success of its application within our study, we call for further trails with this method across a variety of species.
Sustainable Domino C−N/C−C Bond Formation with Outstanding E Factors and High Volume Productivity
Authors: Hwu Jih Ru , Gupta Nitesh K. , Panja Avijit , Chang Chin‐Hwa , Huang Wen‐Chieh , Tsai Yu‐Ran , Chung Kau‐Shu , Tan Kui‐Thong , Lin Chun‐Cheng , Hwang Kuo‐Chu , Tsay Shwu‐Chen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOne of the primary concerns in the development of new chemical reactions pertains to the choice of solvents, many of which can have harmful ecological impacts. Additionally, a major portion of waste generated in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries comes from the solvents employed. The elimination of solvent usage is highly desirable for creation of environmentally friendly chemical processes as it leads to a substantial reduction in waste production. Accordingly, a novel neat reaction was developed for the synthesis of (β‐amino)nitriles as a prominent moiety through a domino process. It involved the use of silylphenyl triflates, Schiff bases, and acetonitrile (CH3CN) in a 1 : 1 : 1 ratio, among which CH3CN served as a starting material rather than a solvent. This reaction was initiated by caesium fluoride (CsF) to form an aryne through 1,2‐elimination followed by sequential 1,2‐addition, proton transfer, and a second 1,2‐addition. Complete conversion was carried out at 25 °C for 1.0 h to give (β‐amino)nitriles in 76–88 % yields. This solvent‐free reaction minimized waste production and reduced costs associated with extra reagents, solvents, and labour. It possesses a compelling E factor and impressive volume productivity. This reaction sets a new benchmark for solvent‐free aryne domino processes in green chemistry advancements.
Achieving spatial balance in environmental surveys under constant inclusion probabilities or inclusion density functions
Authors: Di Biase Rosa M. , Marcheselli Marzia , Pisani Caterina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn environmental and ecological surveys, well spread samples can be easily obtained via widely adopted tessellation schemes, which yield equal first‐order inclusion probabilities in the case of finite populations of areas or constant inclusion density functions in the case of continuous populations. In the literature, many alternative schemes that are explicitly tailored to select well spread samples have been proposed, but owing to their complexity, their use should be preferred only if they allow us to achieve a valuable gain in precision with respect to the tessellation schemes. Therefore, by means of an extensive simulation study, the performances of tessellation schemes and several specifically tailored schemes are compared under constant first‐order inclusion probabilities or constant inclusion density functions.
Applying sequential adaptive strategies for sampling animal populations: An empirical study
Authors: Di Biase Rosa M. , Mecatti Fulvia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTraditional sampling methods may prove inadequate when dealing with spatially clustered populations or when studying rare events or traits that are not easily detectable across the target population. When both scenarios occur simultaneously, adaptive sampling strategies can represent a viable option to enhance the detectability of cases of interest. This paper delves into the application of a novel class of sequential adaptive sampling strategies to animal surveys. These strategies, originally proposed for human population tuberculosis prevalence surveys, allow oversampling of the rare interest variables while managing on‐field constraints. This ensures that the unfixed sample size, typical of adaptive sampling, does not compromise overall cost‐effectiveness. We explore a strategy within this class that integrates an adaptive component into a Poisson sequential selection. The aim is twofold: to intensify the detection of cases by exploiting the spatial clustering and to provide a flexible framework for managing logistics and budget constraints. To illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of this Poisson‐based sequential adaptive sampling strategy compared to traditional sampling methods, a simulation study was conducted on a blue‐winged teal population in Florida, USA. The results showcase the benefits of the proposed strategy and open avenues for future methodological and practical improvements.
Velocity divergence—Generalized adaptive probability density evolution method
Authors: Xu Qiang , Chen Jianyun , Wang Jingkai , Li Jing , Wang Yin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study proposes a novel velocity divergence‐generalized adaptive probability density evolution method (VD‐GAPDEM) for calculating the probability density function of the stochastic response process of stochastic structures under stochastic dynamic loads. First, based on the principle of probability conservation, the velocity divergence‐generalized adaptive probability density evolution equation (VD‐GAPDEE) is derived for a stochastic system that can effectively consider the shape and location changes of the joint transitional probability density of representative points (RPs) in the stochastic response process. Second, a novel VD‐GAPDEM is proposed to solve the VD‐GAPDEE directly using the point selection technique based on the generalized F discrepancy and the second‐order Runge–Kutta method with a smoothing kernel method (Runge–Kutta‐SKFAM). Furthermore, the differences and connections between VD‐GAPDEM and the existing probability density evolution method are analyzed. Additionally, the high computational efficiency and accuracy of the proposed VD‐GAPDEM are demonstrated through three typical examples of stochastic response analysis, involving stochastic systems subjected to stochastic dynamic loads.
Investigation of the qualitative and appearance characteristics of Eryngium caeruleum L. based on colorimetric and browning indices in storage conditions
Authors: Nourzad Soudabeh , Naghdi Badi Hassanali , Kalateh Jari Sepideh , Mehrafarin Ali , Saeidi‐Sar Sakineh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe eryngo plant is an herb related to the Apiaceae family with the greatest diversity of species, has a gorgeous taste when eaten as a vegetable, and is traditionally used in folk medicine for its health benefits. The present study was to assess the effects of different drying methods and storage times on the quality and appearance of Eryngium caeruleum. The treatments of this study were drying methods (room temperature (25°C) with proper ventilation, oven temperature 55°C, vacuum oven temperature 55°C, and a microwave with a power of 500 W) and storage times (1, 75, and 150 days). The lowest brightness index and the highest browning index were found in the shade‐dried samples kept in the refrigerator for 150 days. In these samples, the numerical values of chlorophyll were lower than others. After 75 days, in the vacuum oven‐dried samples, the maximum levels of total phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant activity were calculated. The colorimetric test showed that the oven‐dried samples maintained their green color well. However, the storage decreased the quality of plant samples due to the degradation of chlorophyll. Overall, this study showed that the highest greenness and appearance qualities were found in the samples dried in a vacuum oven at 55°C. It seems that appearance indices can be introduced as an initial and quick step in the qualitative assessment of dried leafy products.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of water‐soluble extracts of Camis cheeses produced by different traditional methods
Authors: Uzunsoy Irem 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTraditional Camis cheese may be an interesting dairy product with potential bioactivities and postconsumption health effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Camis cheeses produced by two different traditional methods, differing in heat processing of the milk and boiling the curd, and to reveal the changes that occur depending on 90 days of ripening time. For this purpose, physicochemical and sensory analyses were performed, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity analyses of the water‐soluble extracts (WSEs) of Camis cheeses (B1 and B2) were conducted. WSEs of both cheeses (800 μL mL−1) had remarkable antimicrobial effects on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus), with a higher inhibitory effect on E. coli. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values (0.12–2.24 μM Trolox) and % inhibition rates as 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (8.54–26.34%) of the cheeses indicate limited antioxidant activity. The curd boiling process was found to have a favorable effect on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the Camis cheeses. However, the panelists' perceptions of flavor, texture, and total acceptability did not align with this positive outcome. The results of this study reveal that the consumption of traditional Camis cheese and its extracts or the use of purified bioactive peptides in functional food products may constitute an important alternative in terms of eliminating the negative effects encountered with the use of synthetic antimicrobial and antioxidant components to provide the desired health effect from natural sources.
Exposure to preference‐matched alcohol advertisements from national sports broadcasts increases short‐term alcohol consumption inclinations in risky drinkers
Authors: Hollett Ross C. , Fairclough Jesse , Butt Julia , Mills Brennen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia, sports broadcasting is afforded special alcohol advertising rights during daytime hours, which raises public health concerns, including short‐term increases in alcohol consumption among the broad viewership of national sporting codes.MethodsWe conducted a content analysis across a sample of nationally televised finals matches (N = 16) from the Australian Football League (AFL) and the National Rugby League (NRL) to determine the prevalence of alcohol advertising video clips during these broadcasts. We also conducted an online experiment exposing participants (N = 345) to a randomly selected alcohol advertisement and measured the immediate effects on self‐reported alcohol craving and drinking intentions.ResultsThe prevalence of alcohol advertising video clips during AFL broadcasts was 3.9% and 1.8% for NRL. While, overall, alcohol advertisement video clip exposure did not impact craving or drinking intentions, a modest increase in craving was found for a subsample of risky drinking participants (N = 107) who also reported a preference for the specific alcoholic beverage being advertised.ConclusionsVideo alcohol advertisements occurred less than 1 in 20 advertisements on average and exposure to alcohol advertising elicited a low, yet measurable, short‐term increase in alcohol inclinations, among vulnerable adult drinkers when a desirable alcoholic beverage advertisement is viewed.So What?Given that alcohol advertisements are most likely to increase consumption among risky drinkers, health messaging during sports broadcasts needs to specifically target these individuals.