bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of the EQUIP Treatment Programme with Men who have Intellectual or Other Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Langdon Peter E. , Murphy Glynis H. , Clare Isabel C.H. , Palmer Emma J. , Rees Joanna 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundThe Equipping Youth to Help One Another Programme (EQUIP) was designed for young offenders to address a developmental delay in moral reasoning, distorted cognitions and social skills.MethodsThe present authors undertook a single case series study and piloted an adapted version of the EQUIP programme with three men with intellectual disabilities and four men with a diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome, all of whom were detained in a medium‐secure forensic unit for people with intellectual disabilities. Treatment was delivered over a 12‐week period, and participants took part in four‐one‐hour sessions per week.ResultsThe results suggested that treatment was successful at increasing moral reasoning ability, reducing distorted cognitions and improving ability to choose effective solutions to problems. However, treatment did not have a significant effect upon anger.ConclusionsThe EQUIP programme is a promising treatment, but further research is needed to investigate its effectiveness with men with intellectual or other developmental disabilities.
The contribution of dominance and inbreeding depression in estimating variance components for litter size in Pannon White rabbits
Authors: Nagy I. , Gorjanc G. , Curik I. , Farkas J. , Kiszlinger H. , Szendrő Z. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryIn a synthetic closed population of Pannon White rabbits, additive (VA), dominance (VD) and permanent environmental (VPe) variance components as well as doe (bFd) and litter (bFl) inbreeding depression were estimated for the number of kits born alive (NBA), number of kits born dead (NBD) and total number of kits born (TNB). The data set consisted of 18,398 kindling records of 3883 does collected from 1992 to 2009. Six models were used to estimate dominance and inbreeding effects. The most complete model estimated VA and VD to contribute 5.5 ± 1.1% and 4.8 ± 2.4%, respectively, to total phenotypic variance (VP) for NBA; the corresponding values for NBD were 1.9 ± 0.6% and 5.3 ± 2.4%, for TNB, 6.2 ± 1.0% and 8.1 ± 3.2% respectively. These results indicate the presence of considerable VD. Including dominance in the model generally reduced VA and VPe estimates, and had only a very small effect on inbreeding depression estimates. Including inbreeding covariates did not affect estimates of any variance component. A 10% increase in doe inbreeding significantly increased NBD (bFd = 0.18 ± 0.07), while a 10% increase in litter inbreeding significantly reduced NBA (bFl = −0.41 ± 0.11) and TNB (bFl = −0.34 ± 0.10). These findings argue for including dominance effects in models of litter size traits in populations that exhibit significant dominance relationships.
Glacial expansion and diversification of an East Asian montane bird, the green‐backed tit (Parus monticolus)
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , McKay Bailey D. , Dai Chuanyin , Zhao Na , Zhang Ruiying , Qu Yanhua , Song Gang , Li Shou‐Hsien , Liang Wei , Yang Xiaojun , Pasquet Eric , Lei Fumin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimWe combined genetic sequence data and ecological niche modelling to resolve the impacts of past climatic fluctuations on the distribution, genetic diversification, and demographic dynamics of an East Asian montane bird, the green‐backed tit (Parus monticolus).LocationEast Asia.MethodsPhylogenetic analyses were carried out using four mitochondrial fragments and seven nuclear loci from 161 birds sampled from 29 localities spanning the entire geographical range of the green‐backed tit. We used *beast to estimate the species tree and calculate divergence times. Extended Bayesian skyline plots were used to infer potential historical shifts in population size. We used MaxEnt to predict potential distributions during three periods: the present day, the Last Glacial Maximum and the Last Interglacial.ResultsThe mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene tree showed strong support for three reciprocally monophyletic groups: a south‐western clade, a central clade and a Taiwanese clade. Taiwanese and Vietnamese samples had fixed differences at several nuclear loci, but the south‐western and central samples shared haplotypes at all nuclear loci. The mtDNA gene tree topology differed from the species tree topology. The species tree suggested sister relationships between Taiwanese and Vietnamese operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and between south‐western and central OTUs. Diversification within the green‐backed tit was relatively recent, probably within the last 0.9 million years. Extended Bayesian skyline plots suggested rapid population expansion in the south‐western and central phylogroups after the Last Interglacial, and this result was consistent with ecological niche models.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that genetic diversification within the green‐backed tit was affected by the later Pleistocene climate fluctuations. Ecological niche models indicated that the present‐day vegetation distribution was, in many ways, more similar to that of the Last Glacial Maximum than it was to that of the Last Interglacial. Continental populations of the green‐backed tit experienced unusual demographic and range expansion that is likely to have occurred during the cooling transition between the Last Interglacial and the Last Glacial Maximum. We found incongruence between the mtDNA gene tree and the species tree, which underscores the importance of using both mitochondrial and nuclear markers when estimating the evolutionary history of populations.
Differentiation of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia from Orthodromic Reciprocating Tachycardia by the Resetting Response to Ventricular Extrastimuli: Comparison to Response to Continuous Ventricular Pacing
Authors: JAVIER GARCÍA‐FERNÁNDEZ F. , ALMENDRAL JESÚS , MARTA PACHÓN  , GONZÁLEZ‐TORRECILLA ESTEBAN , MARTÍN JAVIER , GALLARDO RODRIGO 
Published: December 2012

Resetting Response to Differentiate SVTBackgroundThe usefulness of ventricular entrainment to differentiate AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) from orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT) by substracting the corrected postpacing interval (cPPI) from the tachycardia cycle length (TCL) or the ventriculoatrial interval during stimulation (SA) from that during tachycardia (VA) have been widely validated. However, some tachycardias are interrupted by pacing trains but may not be so by ventricular extrastimuli resulting in resetting.ObjectivesTo validate prospectively the diagnostic yield of cPPI‐TCL and SA‐VA measurements after resetting and to determine the proportion of AVNRT and ORT that can be entrained and/or reset from the right ventricular apex (RVA).Methods223 consecutive patients with inducible AVNRT or ORT underwent pacing trains and single extrastimulus (also double extrastimuli if singles did not reset tachycardia) at the RVA. We calculated cPPI‐TCL and SA‐VA during entrainment and resetting.ResultsEntrainment could not be achieved in 15.2% of tachycardias because of consistent tachycardia interruption by pacing; resetting was observed in 99.5%. Values of cPPI‐TCL and SA‐VA > 110 milliseconds after resetting identified AVNRT as accurately as after entrainment. Values for cPPI‐TCL/ SA‐VA were: sensitivity: 98/100%; specificity: 96/98%; positive predictive value: 98/99%; negative predictive value: 98/100%.ConclusionsDeterminations of cPPI‐TCL and SA‐VA after resetting with single or double RVA extrastimuli are useful maneuvers to differentiate AVNRT from ORT and can be used for nearly every inducible AVNRT or ORT, even if they are interrupted by ventricular trains.
Effects of learning experience on behaviour of the generalist parasitoid Sclerodermus pupariae to novel hosts
Authors: Wei K. , Tang Y. L. , Wang X. Y. , Yang Z. Q. , Cao L. M. , Lu J. F. , Liu E. S. , Liu G. J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMassicus raddei Blessig (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), also referred to as the oak long‐horned beetle (OLB), is a non‐natural host for the generalist parasitoid Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). To determine whether this generalist parasitoid might be a suitable agent for the control of OLB, the adaptive learning experience of adult female parasitoids to OLB larvae was investigated in the laboratory. A Y‐tube olfactometer bioassay was used to examine the effects of adaptive learning experience on the foraging ability of parasitoids for OLB larvae. The results indicated that parasitoids were significantly attracted by the volatiles of ash bark, Fraxinus velutina, with emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) larvae and larval frass, after exposure to ash bark mixed with EAB larval frass (learning condition A). In contrast, after exposure to oak bark, Quercus liaotungensis, mixed with OLB larval frass (learning condition C), parasitoids showed significant preference for the volatiles of oak bark with OLB larvae and larval frass. On the basis of the results of no‐choice tests, we found that parasitoids exposed to learning condition C had greater paralysis efficiency and higher OLB larvae parasitism rates than those exposed to learning condition A or no experience. Furthermore, parasitoids fed on OLB larvae in learning condition C had significantly greater paralysis efficiency and higher OLB larvae parasitism rates than other parasitoids tested. Parasitoids fed on EAB larvae in learning condition A had the lowest paralysis efficiency and OLB larvae parasitism rates among the parasitoids tested. These findings suggested that adaptive learning significantly enhanced the ability of a generalist parasitoid to utilize a novel host. This may provide a new approach to controlling non‐natural hosts using generalist parasitoids.
Application of an evidence‐based decision rule to patients with suspected pulmonary embolism
Authors: Zwaan Laura , Thijs Abel , Wagner Cordula , Timmermans Daniëlle R. M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRationaleTo support doctors in diagnosing patients who are suspected to have pulmonary embolism, the Christopher evidence‐based decision rule was implemented in hospitals in the Netherlands. This study examines whether the Christopher evidence‐based decision rule is applied in clinical practice. In addition, doctors' considerations for not applying the decision rule are explored.MethodDyspnoea patients were included in the study prospectively. The diagnostic process of the patients with suspected pulmonary embolism, as judged by the treating doctor, was compared with the Christopher evidence‐based decision rule using patient record reviews. In addition, 14 interviews were conducted with doctors who did not follow the Christopher evidence‐based decision rule to obtain insights into their considerations.ResultsIn 80 of 247 dyspnoea cases, the treating doctors suspected pulmonary embolism. The Christopher evidence‐based decision rule was applied in 17 out of 80 cases. In 22 cases, more tests were performed than was suggested by the decision rule [i.e. computer‐assisted tomographic angiography (CTa) or d‐dimer], while in 41 cases fewer tests were performed than suggested by the decision rule. Considerations for not following the decision rule included judging another diagnosis to be more likely and not wanting to expose the patient to CTa radiation.ConclusionsThe Christopher evidence‐based decision rule for diagnosing pulmonary embolism was not always followed in everyday clinical practice. Doctors seem to base their diagnostic strategy on their own estimate of the likelihood of pulmonary embolism, rather than the whole decision rule. Better adherence to the decision rule could be beneficial by making doctors aware that pulmonary embolism is more likely than they initially thought. However, in a substantial number of cases, it seemed justifiable that doctors deviated from the decision rule. Therefore, further research is needed to determine the value of the Christopher evidence‐based decision rule in clinical practice.
Low incidence of hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in patients treated with oral nucleos(t)ides in routine practice
Authors: Lin Brian , Ha Nghiem B , Liu Anne , Trinh Huy N , Nguyen Huy A , Nguyen Khanh K , Ahmed Aijaz , Keeffe Emmet B , Garcia Ruel T , Garcia Gabriel , Nguyen Mindie H 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground and AimTreatment end‐point of therapy for patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) includes HBeAg seroconversion, which ranges from 15% to 22% after 1 year of oral nucleos(t)ides according to clinical trials. Our goal was to determine the incidence and predictors of HBeAg seroconversion in such patients in routine clinical practice because they may differ than reported rates.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 333 consecutive treatment‐naïve HBeAg‐positive patients who were treated for CHB between 1/2000 and 6/2010 at three gastroenterology and liver clinics in the USA. Primary study end‐point was HBeAg seroconversion—loss of HBeAg and antibody to HBeAg (anti‐HBe) development.ResultsThe majority of patients were Asian (96%). Median treatment duration prior to HBeAg seroconversion was 50 (range 26–52) weeks. Of the 333 study patients, 25% received lamivudine, 16% adefovir, 51% entecavir, and 8% tenofovir. HBeAg seroconversion at month 12 was 8.2%. On multivariate analysis inclusive of age, gender, and antiviral agents, independent predictors for HBeAg seroconversion at month 12 were hepatitis B virus DNA < 7.5 log10 IU/mL (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.59 [1.04–6.44]), P = 0.041) and alanine transaminase (ALT) > 1.5 × upper normal limit (HR = 2.86 [1.05–7.81], P = 0.040), but not the choice of nucleos(t)ides.ConclusionsThe HBeAg seroconversion rate seen in clinical settings for oral nucleos(t)ides appears much lower than those reported in pivotal trials, especially in patients with lower ALT and higher HBV DNA levels. HBeAg‐positive patients should be counseled about the high possibility of the long treatment duration required to achieve recommended treatment end‐points.
Public attitudes towards intellectual disability: a multidimensional perspective
Authors: Morin D. , Rivard M. , Crocker A. G. , Boursier C. P. , Caron J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundPublic attitudes towards persons with intellectual disabilities (IDs) have a significant effect on potential community integration. A better understanding of these can help target service provision and public awareness programmes.ObjectiveThe objective of the present study is threefold: (1) describe public attitudes towards persons with ID along affective, cognitive and behavioural dimensions; (2) compare and contrast attitudes according to sex, age, education and income, as well as frequency and quality of contacts with persons with ID; and (3) ascertain whether the level of functioning has an effect on attitudes.MethodsThe Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability Questionnaire (ATTID) was administered by phone to 1605 randomly selected adult men and women, stratified by region in the province of Québec, Canada. The ATTID uses a multidimensional perspective of attitudes that reflect affective, cognitive and behavioural dimensions.ResultsThe results showed that public attitudes were generally positive regarding all three attitudinal dimensions. Public attitudes towards persons with ID are presented in terms of the five factors measured through the ATTID: (1) discomfort; (2) sensibility or tenderness; (3) knowledge of causes; (4) knowledge of capacity and rights; and (5) interaction. Attitude factor scores vary as a function of participant characteristics (sex, age, education and income) and the degree of knowledge about ID, the number of persons with ID known to the participants, as well as the frequency and quality of their contacts with these persons. Men had greater negative attitudes than women as regards the discomfort factor, while women had more negative attitudes regarding the knowledge of capacity and rights factor. More positive attitudes were revealed among younger and more educated participants. Attitudes were generally not associated with income. Public attitudes tended to be more negative towards people with lower functioning ID.ConclusionThese results yield useful information to target public awareness and education.
Ly6C+Ly6G− Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells play a critical role in the resolution of acute inflammation and the subsequent tissue repair process after spinal cord injury
Authors: Saiwai Hirokazu , Kumamaru Hiromi , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Kubota Kensuke , Kobayakawa Kazu , Yamada Hisakata , Yokomizo Takehiko , Iwamoto Yukihide , Okada Seiji 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAcute inflammation is a prominent feature of central nervous system (CNS) insult and is detrimental to the CNS tissue. Although this reaction spontaneously diminishes within a short period of time, the mechanism underlying this inflammatory resolution remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that an initial infiltration of Ly6C+Ly6G− immature monocyte fraction exhibited the same characteristics as myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and played a critical role in the resolution of acute inflammation and in the subsequent tissue repair by using mice spinal cord injury (SCI) model. Complete depletion of Ly6C+Ly6G− fraction prior to injury by anti‐Gr‐1 antibody (clone: RB6‐8C5) treatment significantly exacerbated tissue edema, vessel permeability, and hemorrhage, causing impaired neurological outcomes. Functional recovery was barely impaired when infiltration was allowed for the initial 24 h after injury, suggesting that MDSC infiltration at an early phase is critical to improve the neurological outcome. Moreover, intraspinal transplantation of ex vivo‐generated MDSCs at sites of SCI significantly reduced inflammation and promoted tissue regeneration, resulting in better functional recovery. Our findings reveal the crucial role of an Ly6C+Ly6G− fraction as MDSCs in regulating inflammation and tissue repair after SCI, and also suggests an MDSC‐based strategy that can be applied to acute inflammatory diseases.
The comparison of dementia patient's quality of life and influencing factors in two cities
Authors: Li Xiao‐Jing , Suishu Chizuko , Hattori Sonomi , Liang Hu‐Die , Gao Hui , Feng Chen‐Qiu , Lou Feng‐Lan 
Published: December 2012

Aims and objectivesTo determine the current status of dementia patient's quality of life and compare influencing factors in China and Japan to inform nursing care and potentially improve the patient's quality of life.BackgroundThe prevalence of dementia is increasing related to lack of a cure, thus prompting some researchers and clinicians to focus on patient's quality of life.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA convenience sample of 200 mild‐to‐moderate dementia patients was obtained in Jinan city and 205 ones in Wakayama city. Then, we measured patient's quality of life and analysed the relation between general demographic information, cognitive function, activities of living, behavioural and psychological symptoms, and the patient's quality of life.ResultsThe total score of Dementia Quality of Life in Jinan city was 89·82 ± 15·11; multiple linear regression showed that the influencing factors of quality of life were marital, economics, characteristics, activities of living, hypertension and irritability. And the total score in Wakayama city was 118·30 ± 14·56; the influencing factors were education, body mass index, activities of living and depression.ConclusionsThe total score of Dementia Quality of Life in Jinan city was significantly lower than Wakayama city. The same influencing factor between these two cities was activities of living.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses could implement interventions to focus on many of the patient's influencing factors, so that to improve their mental and physical health, which may slow the disease process and further improve the patient's quality of life. In addition, Chinese government could learn some experience from Japanese government, such as perfect the system of nursing insurance for elderly and introduce professional geriatric nursing talents to provide better service for the elderly.
The Driving Forces of Subsidiary Absorptive Capacity
Authors: Schleimer Stephanie C. , Pedersen Torben 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe study investigates how a multinational corporation (MNC) can promote the absorptive capacity of its subsidiaries. The focus is on what drives the MNC subsidiary's ability to absorb marketing strategies that are initiated by the MNC parent, as well as how the subsidiary enacts on this absorptive capacity in order to compete in its focal market. The dual embeddedness of MNC subsidiaries plays a key role in this investigation, as subsidiaries belong to the MNC network and are simultaneously embedded in their host country environment. We argue that subsidiary absorptive capacity is formed as a purposeful response to this dual embeddedness. An analysis of marketing strategy absorptions undertaken by 213 subsidiaries reveals that MNCs can assist their subsidiaries to compete in competitive and dynamic focal markets by forming specific organizational mechanisms that are conducive to the development of subsidiary absorptive capacity. The findings hold important theoretical and practical implications.
‘We are being Pilloried for Something, We Did Not Even Know We Had Done Wrong!’ Quality Control and Orders of Worth in the British Audit Profession
Authors: Ramirez Carlos 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper contributes to the analysis of institutional work by looking at situations of perceived injustice that institutional change can create. To this end, the paper mobilizes the work of Boltanski and Thévenot on orders of worth to analyse the consequences for a professional body of a shift in institutional logics towards more accountability. The feeling of injustice experienced – and voiced – by some members of the largest British institute of auditors, the ICAEW, after it set up and operated a quality monitoring unit, serves to illustrate how change can turn awry when equity in a community of peers is threatened, and how institutional work can remedy such a situation by restoring a sense of worth in the community.
What a Diverse Top Management Team Means: Testing an Integrated Model
Authors: Wei Li‐Qun , Wu Longzeng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPrior research has produced inconsistent results on the relationship between top management team (TMT) diversity and firm performance. Drawing on the information–social categorization framework, this study is designed to investigate both the mechanism and the contextual factors underlying the relationship between TMT cognitive diversity and firm performance by examining them in a unified model so as to better understand how a diverse TMT works. Based on a multi‐sourced survey of top managers from 118 Chinese firms, this study finds that team interdependence and team cohesion moderate in the linkage between TMT cognitive diversity and elaboration of task‐related information. In addition, TMT's elaboration of task‐related information mediates the interactive effects of TMT cognitive diversity and team interdependence on firm performance as well as the interactive effects of TMT cognitive diversity and team cohesion on firm performance.