bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and outcomes of acute respiratory failure in the United States, 2001 to 2009: A national survey
Authors: Stefan Mihaela S. , Shieh Meng‐Shiou , Pekow Penelope S. , Rothberg Michael B. , Steingrub Jay S. , Lagu Tara , Lindenauer Peter K. 
Published: January 2013

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to evaluate trends in hospitalization, cost, and short‐term outcomes in acute respiratory failure (ARF) between 2001 and 2009 in the United States.METHODSUsing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample we identified cases of ARF based on International Classification for Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. We calculated weighted frequencies of ARF hospitalizations by year and estimated population‐adjusted incidence and mortality rates. We used logistic regression to examine hospital mortality rates over time while adjusting for changes in demographic characteristics and comorbidities of patients.RESULTSThe number of hospitalizations with a diagnosis of ARF rose from 1,007,549 in 2001 to 1,917,910 in 2009, with an associated increase in total hospital costs from $30.1 billion to $54.3 billion. During the same period we observed a decrease in hospital mortality from 27.6% in 2001 to 20.6% in 2009, a slight decline in average length of stay from 7.8 days to 7.1 days, and no significant change in the mean cost per case ($15,900). Rates of mechanical ventilation (noninvasive [NIV] or invasive mechanical ventilation [IMV]) remained stable over the 9‐year period, and the use of NIV increased from 4% in 2001 to 10% in 2009.CONCLUSIONSOver the period of 2001 to 2009, there was a steady increase in the number of hospitalizations with a discharge diagnosis of ARF, with a decrease in inpatient mortality. There was a significant shift during this time toward the use of NIV, with a decrease in the rates of IMVuse. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:76–82. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Development and implementation of a balanced scorecard in an academic hospitalist group
Authors: Hwa Michael , Sharpe Bradley A. , Wachter Robert M. 
Published: January 2013

BACKGROUNDAcademic hospitalist groups (AHGs) are often expected to excel in multiple domains: quality improvement, patient safety, education, research, administration, and clinical care. To be successful, AHGs must develop strategies to balance their energies, resources, and performance. The balanced scorecard (BSC) is a strategic management system that enables organizations to translate their mission and vision into specific objectives and metrics across multiple domains. To date, no hospitalist group has reported on BSC implementation. We set out to develop a BSC as part of a strategic planning initiative.METHODSBased on a needs assessment of the University of California, San Francisco, Division of Hospital Medicine, mission and vision statements were developed. We engaged representative faculty to develop strategic objectives and determine performance metrics across 4 BSC perspectives.RESULTSThere were 41 metrics identified, and 16 were chosen for the initial BSC. It allowed us to achieve several goals: 1) present a broad view of performance, 2) create transparency and accountability, 3) communicate goals and engage faculty, and 4) ensure we use data to guide strategic decisions. Several lessons were learned, including the need to build faculty consensus, establish metrics with reliable measureable data, and the power of the BSC to drive goals across the division.CONCLUSIONSWe successfully developed and implemented a BSC in an AHG as part of a strategic planning initiative. The BSC has been instrumental in allowing us to achieve balanced success in multiple domains. Academic groups should consider employing the BSC as it allows for a data‐driven strategic planning and assessment process. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:148–153. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Our patients' safety through our new vision, mission, and strategic plan
Authors: Oppenberg Andrew A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis being my first president's column, I would be remiss if I did not provide a heartfelt thanks to the ASHRM membership, who elected me to serve as your 2013 ASHRM President. Thank you all for allowing me to continue to give back to our fine and noble healthcare risk management profession!.
Safety risks in the ambulatory setting
Authors: Sokol Patricia E. , Neerukonda Kavitha V. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOver the past decade, the focus of safety implementation has been on hospital settings, and most research on patient safety has examined hospital care. Yet, each year, 300 Americans are seen in ambulatory settings for every 1 person admitted to a hospital, and research shows that errors in ambulatory settings can be just as devastating as those in hospitals, and, as in the hospital setting, ambulatory errors or events often trigger legal action. The American Medical Association's report summarizing and compiling the past decade's research identifies 3 general gaps in the current research that impede safety analysis and 6 errors that are most common in ambulatory care that warrant attention. As new models of care emerge with an increased focus on continuity across care settings, there are also nascent opportunities for risk managers to analyze and evaluate ambulatory safety, implement strategies, and develop and test tools that could result in safer patient outcomes.
Patient transitions from inpatient to outpatient: Where are the risks? Can we address them?
Authors: McLeod Lou Anne 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTransitions of care from the inpatient to outpatient setting can be dangerous. Studies have shown that almost half of all hospitalized patients experience a medical error after discharge. With efforts to decrease the cost of healthcare, patients are discharged “quicker and sicker” oftentimes leaving families to manage the patient's recovery with little support. Most medical errors can be traced back to communication breakdowns and lack of systems to follow up on needed care. Inpatient and outpatient providers must work together to develop processes to address these deficits or face decreasing reimbursement and malpractice claims.
Comparison of high spatial resolution respiratory triggered inversion recovery‐prepared spoiled gradient echo sequence with standard breathhold T1 sequence MRI of the liver using gadoxetic acid
Authors: Tran Phillip V.P. , Jhaveri Kartik S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurpose:To assess if a high resolution respiratory triggered inversion recovery prepared GRE sequence (RT) improved image quality and detection of lesions compared with breathhold GRE T1 weighted MR sequence (BH) in the hepatobiliary uptake phase of MR of the liver using gadoxetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA).Materials and Methods:Thirty‐eight consecutive patients from July 2009 to September 2010 who had undergone Gd‐EOB‐DTPA enhanced liver exams were retrospectively identified. Qualitative assessment performed on reference lesions and background liver by two independent readers. Quantitative assessment performed by one reader.Results:Liver parenchyma signal‐to‐noise ratio for BH was 90.3 ± 23.9 (mean ± SD) and RT, 106.1 ± 40.4 (P = 0.119). For BH, 320 lesions were detected compared with 257 for RT. Lesion to liver contrast was significantly better on RT sequences (0.26 ± 0.24; mean ± SD) compared with BH sequence (0.21 ± 0.20; P = 0.044).Fifty‐seven reference lesions assessed. Both reviewers rated BH better for lesion margin and hepatic vessel sharpness. BH was rated with less artifact (P < 0.05). Lesion to liver contrast on BH was significantly better for one reviewer.Conclusion:BH sequence had better overall image quality than RT in several quantitative and qualitative factors including number of lesions detected and level of artifact. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:700—706. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid freehand MR‐guided percutaneous needle interventions: An image‐based approach to improve workflow and feasibility
Authors: Rothgang Eva , Gilson Wesley D. , Wacker Frank , Hornegger Joachim , Lorenz Christine H. , Weiss Clifford R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurpose:To develop and evaluate software‐based methods for improving the workflow of magnetic resonance (MR)‐guided percutaneous interventions.Materials and Methods:A set of methods was developed that allows the user to: 1) plan an entire procedure, 2) directly apply this plan to skin entry site localization without further imaging, and 3) place a needle under real‐time MR guidance with automatic alignment of three orthogonal slices along a planned trajectory with preference to the principal patient axes. To validate targeting accuracy and time, phantom experiments (96 targets) and in vivo paraspinal and kidney needle punctures in two pigs (55 targets) were performed. The influence of trajectory obliquity, level of experience, and organ motion on targeting accuracy and time was analyzed.Results:Mean targeting error was 1.8 ± 0.9 mm (in vitro) and 2.9 ± 1.0 mm (in vivo) in all directions. No statistically significant differences in targeting accuracy between single‐ and double‐oblique trajectories, novice and expert users, or paraspinal and kidney punctures were observed. The average time (in vivo) from trajectory planning to verification of accurate needle placement was 6 minutes.Conclusion:The developed methods allow for accurate needle placement along complex trajectories and are anticipated to reduce table time for MR‐guided percutaneous needle interventions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1202–1212. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4, inhibitor of differentiation 1, and epidermal growth factor receptor regulate the survival of cochlear sensory epithelial cells
Authors: Chen Junming , Sun Wei , Zheng Yiqing , Xiong Hao , Cai Yuexing 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is crucial for the development of the inner ear, but the mechanism of how BMP4 affects this process remains unknown. The focus of this research was to determine whether BMP4 can regulate the survival of cochlear sensory epithelial cells through inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In this study, we first investigated the effects of BMP4, noggin, and dominant negative BMPR1B (dnBMPR1B) on the proliferation and survival of cochlear sensory epithelial cells. Subsequently, we investigated the influences of BMP4, noggin, and dnBMPR1B on the expression of Id1 and EGFR. We found that BMP4 had a negative effect on cell survival and on Id1 and EGFR expression in vitro, whereas noggin and dnBMPR1B treatment had positive effects. Knockdown of the Id1 gene with short interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the expression of EGFR and cell proliferation. These data suggest that BMP4 may regulate survival through the Id1/EGFR pathway during development of the rat inner ear. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Potassium‐induced cortical spreading depression bilaterally suppresses the electroencephalogram but only ipsilaterally affects red blood cell velocity in intraparenchymal capillaries
Authors: Unekawa Miyuki , Tomita Yutaka , Toriumi Haruki , Masamoto Kazuto , Kanno Iwao , Suzuki Norihiro 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCortical spreading depression (CSD) is a repetitive, propagating profile of mass depolarization of neuronal and glial cells, followed by sustained suppression of spontaneous neuronal activity. We have reported a long‐lasting suppressive effect on red blood cell (RBC) velocities in intraparenchymal capillaries. Here, to test the hypothesis that the prolonged decrease of RBC velocity in capillaries is due to suppression of neuronal activity, we measured CSD‐elicited changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) as an index of neuronal activity. In isoflurane‐anesthetized rats, DC potential, EEG, partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were simultaneously recorded in the temporo‐parietal region. The velocities of fluorescently labeled RBCs were evaluated by high‐speed camera laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy with our original software, KEIO‐IS2. Transient deflection of DC potential and PO2 and increase of CBF were repeatedly detected only in the ipsilateral hemisphere following topical KCl application. On the other hand, the relative spectral power of EEG was reduced bilaterally, showing the lowest value at 5 min after KCl application, when the other parameters had already returned to the baseline after the passage of CSD. Mean RBC velocity in capillaries was slightly but significantly reduced during and after passage of CSD in the ipsilateral hemisphere but did not change in the contralateral hemisphere in the same rats. We suggest that mass depolarization of neuronal and glial cells might transiently decelerate RBCs in nearby capillaries, but the sustained reduction of ipsilateral RBC velocity might be a result of the prolonged effect of CSD, not of neuronal suppression alone. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Soil Organic Carbon Molecular Properties: Effects of Time Since Reclamation in a Minesoil Chronosequence
Authors: Chaudhuri S. , McDonald L. M. , Skousen J. , Pena‐Yewtukhiw E. M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractStudies on molecular characterization of soil organic carbon (SOC), although critical to understanding SOC dynamics, are relatively scarce for reclaimed minesoils. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of time since reclamation on SOC molecular properties in a reclaimed minesoil chronosequence using different spectroscopic indices. The chronosequence consisted of four minesoils, with similar soil‐forming conditions, reclaimed to pasture ecosystem, and distinguished only by time since reclamation varying from 1 to 22 years. Results indicated that the SOC molecules in the older minesoils were comprised of highly humified polyaromatic and polycondensed species with higher proportions of O‐containing and N‐containing functional groups. In each minesoil, resistant and labile SOC fractions were identified. The resistant SOC fraction constituted >20 and <10 per cent of total SOC (g kg−1) in the oldest and youngest minesoil, respectively. Among the spectroscopic indices, the ϵ285 ultraviolet‐visible index, diagnostic of aromatic C, was the most efficient in identifying the intrasite short‐term (1‐year) changes in SOC molecular properties. Strong positive relationships found between different spectroscopic indices and total SOC (g kg−1), with consistently higher r2 values observed in older minesoils, indicated that SOC molecular characteristics played a key role in overall SOC dynamics, becoming more influential with increasing time since reclamation. In addition, significant relationships between the spectroscopic indices and different soil quality parameters indicated that SOC molecular properties influenced soil quality as well. Overall, the results indicated that SOC molecular properties were useful indicators of both SOC dynamics and soil quality in this minesoil chronosequence. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scaffold Effects on Osteogenic Differentiation of Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Comparative Study
Authors: Nino‐Fong Rodolfo , McDuffee Laurie A. , Esparza Gonzalez Blanca P. , Kumar M. Ramesh , Merschrod S. Erika F. , Poduska Kristin M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe in vitro viability, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization of four different equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow, periosteum, muscle, and adipose tissue are compared, when they are cultured with different collagen‐based scaffolds or with fibrin glue. The results indicate that bone marrow cells are the best source of MSCs for osteogenic differentiation, and that an electrochemically aggregated collagen gives the highest cell viability and best osteogenic differentiation among the four kinds of scaffolds studied. magnified image
The anguibactin biosynthesis and transport genes are encoded in the chromosome of Vibrio harveyi: a possible evolutionary origin for the pJM1 plasmid–encoded system of Vibrio anguillarum?
Authors: Naka Hiroaki , Actis Luis A. , Crosa Jorge H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMany Vibrio anguillarum serotype O1 strains carry 65‐kb pJM1‐type plasmids harboring genes involved in siderophore anguibactin biosynthesis and transport. The anguibactin system is an essential factor for V. anguillarum to survive under iron‐limiting conditions, and as a consequence, it is a very important virulence factor of this bacterium. Our comparative analysis of genomic data identified a cluster harboring homologs of anguibactin biosynthesis and transport genes in the chromosome of Vibrio harveyi. We have purified the putative anguibactin siderophore and demonstrated that it is indeed anguibactin by mass spectrometry and specific bioassays. Furthermore, we characterized two genes, angR and fatA, in this chromosome cluster that, respectively, participate in anguibactin biosynthesis and transport as determined by mutagenesis analysis. Furthermore, we found that the V. harveyi FatA protein is located in the outer membrane fractions as previously demonstrated in V. anguillarum. Based on our data, we propose that the anguibactin biosynthesis and transport cluster in the V. anguillarum pJM1 plasmid have likely evolved from the chromosome cluster of V. harveyi or vice versa.
Dental Applications of Low‐Temperature Nonthermal Plasmas
Authors: Kim Gyoo Cheon , Lee Hyun Wook , Byun June Ho , Chung Jin , Jeon Young Chan , Lee Jae Koo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOral cavity and teeth are important organs of human body. The attention and cost for dental treatments increase every year. In dental clinics, the most common diseases are dental caries, periodontal disease, and stomatitis. Dental aesthetics such as tooth whitening is one of important part of dental clinics. However, conventional treatment methods in dental clinics have limitations by pain and long‐time treatment. Nonthermal plasmas have shown great potential as noble techniques to dental applications due to safety and multi‐functional effects achieved by the abundant plasma components including charged particles, radiation, and reactive species. Reactive oxygen species generated from plasmas can effectively inhibit pathogen activity. The use of nonthermal plasmas is efficient in treating oral diseases because the construction of the plasma devices allows easy access to the oral cavity. However, few studies have been conducted on the use of plasmas in oral disease. Tooth aesthetics, as well as treatment of oral diseases, are important in determining the quality of human life. Recent studies have shown nonthermal plasmas to have strong tooth‐bleaching effects. Studies on oral care using nonthermal plasmas will significantly contribute to oral health in the future. magnified image
Morphological Description of Ultra‐Smooth Organo‐Silicone Layers Synthesized Using Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge Assisted PECVD
Authors: Premkumar Peter Antony , Starostin Sergey A. , de Vries Hindrik , Creatore Mariadriana , Koenraad Paul M. , van de Sanden Mauritius C. M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe SiOxCyHz layers synthesized by means of the atmospheric pressure glow‐like DBD assisted PECVD technology show remarkable planarizing film properties, observed for the first time. The films were deposited in a roll‐to‐roll mode on large area polymeric webs using HMDSO and air as the precursor and oxidiser. FTIR analysis show the carbon content in the SiOx films is strongly correlated with the precursor flow rate resulting in SiO2‐like layers with negligible carbon content at lower flow values (0.4 g/h), while at higher flow rates carbon rich SiOxCyHz films were obtained. Detailed AFM surface profile analysis show that the SiOxCyHz films smoothen out the global and local surface structures of the polymer comprising a reduction in rms surface roughness (0.99 ± 0.11 nm) and increase of roughness exponent (α = 0.97 ± 0.02) compared to that of PEN polymer. These ultra‐smooth organic layers together with the smooth inorganic SiOx layers (1.75 ± 0.12 nm), exhibiting roughness comparable to the polymer (1.50 ± 0.07 nm) at lower precursor input, provide an efficient route to fabricate multilayer hybrid structures in a single chamber synthesis. magnified image
Prediction of protein domain boundaries from inverse covariances
Authors: Sadowski Michael I. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIt has been known even since relatively few structures had been solved that longer protein chains often contain multiple domains, which may fold separately and play the role of reusable functional modules found in many contexts. In many structural biology tasks, in particular structure prediction, it is of great use to be able to identify domains within the structure and analyze these regions separately. However, when using sequence data alone this task has proven exceptionally difficult, with relatively little improvement over the naive method of choosing boundaries based on size distributions of observed domains. The recent significant improvement in contact prediction provides a new source of information for domain prediction. We test several methods for using this information including a kernel smoothing‐based approach and methods based on building alpha‐carbon models and compare performance with a length‐based predictor, a homology search method and four published sequence‐based predictors: DOMCUT, DomPRO, DLP‐SVM, and SCOOBY‐DOmain. We show that the kernel‐smoothing method is significantly better than the other ab initio predictors when both single‐domain and multidomain targets are considered and is not significantly different to the homology‐based method. Considering only multidomain targets the kernel‐smoothing method outperforms all of the published methods except DLP‐SVM. The kernel smoothing method therefore represents a potentially useful improvement to ab initio domain prediction. Proteins 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of pressure on the low‐frequency vibrational modes of lysozyme and water: A complementary inelastic neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Lerbret Adrien , Hédoux Alain , Annighöfer Burkhard , Bellissent‐Funel Marie‐Claire 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe performed complementary inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the influence of pressure on the low‐frequency vibrational modes of lysozyme in aqueous solution in the 1 atm–6 kbar range. Increasing pressure induces a high‐frequency shift of the low‐frequency part (<10 meV = 80 cm−1) of the vibrational density of states (VDOS), g(ω), of both lysozyme and water that reveals a stiffening of the interactions ascribed to the reduction of the protein and water volumes. Accordingly, high pressures increase the curvature of the free energy profiles of the protein quasiharmonic vibrational modes. Furthermore, the nonlinear influence of pressure on the g(ω) of lysozyme indicates a change of protein dynamics that reflects the nonlinear pressure dependence of the protein compressibility. An analogous dynamical change is observed for water and stems from the distortion of its tetrahedral structure under pressure. Moreover, our study reveals that the structural, dynamical, and vibrational properties of the hydration water of lysozyme are less sensitive to pressure than those of bulk water, thereby evidencing the strong influence of the protein surface on hydration water. Proteins 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.