bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward continuous LC–MS analysis: surface modification of magnetic microparticles with TiO2 for phosphate adsorption
Authors: Akutagawa Issei , Akiyama Yoshitake , Takahashi Yutaka , Iijima Motoyuki , Okada Yohei , Kamiya Hidehiro , Chiba Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2014

AbstractContinuous liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis was successfully demonstrated by using magnetic TiO2/Fe3O4 microparticles at the desalination interface. The particles could be prepared easily even on a practical scale at sufficient quality for efficient phosphate adsorption. Not only phosphate but several biomolecules were adsorbed onto the particles in a non-specific manner. Such samples could still be detected effectively in MS because the removal of phosphate derived from the LC eluent enhanced sample ionization and resulted in a significant reduction of phosphate cluster ions.
Molecular cloning and characterization of pathogenesis-related protein family 10 gene from spinach (SoPR10)
Authors: Bai Xuegui , Long Juan , He Xiaozhao , Li Shun , Xu Huini 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPR10 genes encode small, intracellular proteins that respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a cDNA clone (designated as SoPR10, GenBank Accession No. KC142174) encoding a PR10 protein from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) was isolated and characterized. SoPR10 encoded a 161-amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 19.76 kDa and a pI of 4.61. Real-time quantitative analysis indicated that SoPR10 was constitutively expressed in root and shoot. The abundance of SoPR10 in salt-resistant cultivar (Chaoji) was generally greater than in salt-sensitive cultivar (Daye) under 160 mM L−1 treatment for 0.5, 3, and 6 h. The expression of SoPR10 was also induced by other abiotic stresses including polyethylene glycol, NaCl, salicylic acid, and H2O2. Our results indicated that SoPR10 might play important roles under nitrate stress and other abiotic stresses.
Hesperetin glucuronides induce adipocyte differentiation via activation and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ
Authors: Gamo Kanae , Miyachi Hiroyuki , Nakamura Kayoko , Matsuura Nobuyasu 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In previous reports, hesperidin, a flavonoid glucoside from citrus fruit, is hydrolyzed to hesperetin, an aglycone of hesperidin, and converted to the hesperetin glucuronides (H7-OG and H3′-OG) in vivo and depresses blood glucose levels. But there are no reports on the activity of hesperetin glucuronides. To determine the activity of hesperetin glucuronides, H7-OG and H3′-OG were synthesized and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist activity was observed at 250 μm. These glucuronides accelerated the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes at 10 μm. Furthermore, H7-OG showed additive effects in reporter gene assays and caused noncompetitive reactions in time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays with a thiazolidinedione derivative. Our results indicated that hesperetin glucuronides activated PPARγ, accelerated adipocyte differentiation.
Sport commitment and participation in masters swimmers: The influence of coach and teammates
Authors: Santi Giampaolo , Bruton Adam , Pietrantoni Luca , Mellalieu Stephen 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study investigated how coach and teammates influence masters athletes' sport commitment, and the effect of functional and obligatory commitments on participation in masters swimming. The sample consisted of 523 masters swimmers (330 males and 193 females) aged between 22 and 83 years (M = 39.00, SD = 10.42). A bi‐dimensional commitment scale was used to measure commitment dimensions and perceived influence from social agents. Structural equation modelling analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of social agents on functional and obligatory commitments, and the predictive capabilities of the two types of commitment towards sport participation. Support provided by coach and teammates increased functional commitment, constraints from these social agents determined higher obligatory commitment, and coach constraints negatively impacted functional commitment. In addition, both commitment types predicted training participation, with functional commitment increasing participation in team training sessions, and obligatory commitment increasing the hours of individual training. The findings suggest that in order to increase participation in masters swimming teams and reduce non‐supervised training, coach and teammates should exhibit a supportive attitude and avoid over expectation.
Enhancement of Rituximab-induced cell death by the physical association of CD20 with CD40 molecules on the cell surface
Authors: Al-Zoobi Loubna , Salti Suzanne , Colavecchio Anna , Jundi Malek , Nadiri Amal , Hassan Ghada S. , El-Gabalawy Hani , Mourad Walid 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCD20 is an attractive therapeutic target given the success of its monoclonal antibody, Rituximab, in the treatment of B-cell malignancies and B-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Treatment with Rituximab causes a rapid depletion of B cells and a decrease in disease symptoms. Despite the clinical efficiency of Rituximab, its mechanism of action is not completely understood. In this study, we aimed at further investigating the Rituximab-induced cell death and the factors affecting such responses. Our results indicate that Rituximab-induced cell death depends on the nature of the cells and levels of CD20 expression on the cell surface. Coexpression of CD20 with CD40, a member of the TNF receptor family that is known to be physically associated with CD20 on the cell surface, enhances the apoptotic response induced by Rituximab. Inhibiting the formation of CD40 disulfide-bound-homodimers, a process required for some CD40 signaling, further enhances Rituximab-induced cell death. Cell death induced by anti-CD40 mAb is also upregulated by the presence of CD20, suggesting a bidirectional influence of the CD20/CD40 association. Moreover, treating cells with both anti-CD20 and anti-CD40 antibodies improves the cell death response induced by a single-agent treatment. These results highlight the role of the CD20/CD40 association in triggering B-cell depletion and may pave the way for an alternative more efficient therapeutic strategy in treating B-cell-mediated disorders.
Dough Properties and Bread Quality of Wheat–Barley Composite Flour as Affected by β‐Glucanase
Authors: Li Zhen , Dong Ying , Zhou Xinghua , Xiao Xiang , Zhao Yansheng , Yu Laiting 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTBarley is rich in nutritionally positive compounds, but the quality of bread made of wheat–barley composite flours is impaired when a high percentage of barley is used in the mixture. A number of enzymes have been reported to be useful additives in breadmaking. However, the effect of β‐glucanase on breadmaking has scarcely been investigated. In this paper, the influence of different levels (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08%, based on composite flour) of β‐glucanase (100,000 U/g) on the properties of dough and bread from 70% wheat, 30% barley composite flour were studied. Although dough development time, dough stability, and protein weakening value decreased after β‐glucanase addition, dough properties such as softness and elasticity as well as bread microstructure were improved compared with the control dough. β‐Glucanase also significantly improved the volume, texture, and shelf life of wheat–barley composite breads. The use of an optimal enzyme concentration (0.04%) increased specific volume (57.5%) and springiness (21%), and it reduced crumb firmness (74%) and staling rate. Bread with added β‐glucanase had a better taste, softness, and overall acceptability of sensory characteristics compared with the control bread. Moreover, the quality of wheat–barley composite bread after addition of 0.04% β‐glucanase was nearly equal to the quality of pure wheat bread. These results indicate that dough rheological characteristics and bread quality of wheat–barley composite flour can be improved by adding a distinct level of β‐glucanase.
Protease Treatment for the Stabilization of Rice Bran: Effects on Lipase Activity, Antioxidants, and Lipid Stability
Authors: Laokuldilok Thunnop , Rattanathanan Yanisa 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTRice bran lipid is rapidly made rancid by endogenous lipase enzymes. To inactivate rice bran lipase, an enzymatic hydrolytic method was developed and then compared with the thermal method. The efficiency of five proteolytic enzymes including trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, bromelain, and Flavourzyme enzyme to stabilize rice bran was investigated. Moreover, the antioxidant content and storage stability of enzymatically stabilized rice bran (ESRB), thermally stabilized rice bran (TSRB), and raw rice bran (RRB) were studied. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and papain showed a higher rate of hydrolysis than bromelain and Flavourzyme enzyme. After 120 min of hydrolysis, rice bran hydrolyzed by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and papain inactivated 80, 86, and 79% of lipase activity, respectively, whereas lipase activity of rice bran hydrolyzed by bromelain and Flavourzyme enzyme was higher than the initial rice bran. With a similar lipase inactivation level, the cheaper papain was used to produce ESRB. Total phenolics content of ESRB was 52.89 and 94.10% higher than in RRB and TSRB, respectively. In addition, γ‐oryzanol content in ESRB was 2.23‐ and 2.05‐fold of that in RRB and TSRB, respectively. Lipase activity of RRB increased throughout the two months of storage, whereas no change in lipase activity was observed in ESRB and TSRB. At the end of storage, free fatty acid contents of RRB, TSRB, and ESRB were 15.30, 4.67, and 3.92%, respectively. We propose enzymatic hydrolysis by papain for stabilization of rice bran with high antioxidant content and storage stability.
Characterization of a Computationally Designed Water-soluble Human μ-Opioid Receptor Variant Using Available Structural Information
Authors: Zhao Xuelian , Perez-Aguilar Jose Manuel , Matsunaga Felipe , Lerner Mitchell , Xi Jin , Selling Bernard , Johnson A. T. Charlie , Saven Jeffery G. , Liu Renyu 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background:
The recent X-ray crystal structure of the murine μ-opioid receptor (MUR) allowed the authors to reengineer a previously designed water-soluble variant of the transmembrane portion of the human MUR (wsMUR-TM).

Methods:
The new variant of water-soluble MUR (wsMUR-TM_v2) was engineered based on the murine MUR crystal structure. This novel variant was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The properties of the receptor were characterized and compared with those of wsMUR-TM.

Results:
Seven residues originally included for mutation in the design of the wsMUR-TM were reverted to their native identities. wsMUR-TM_v2 contains 16% mutations of the total sequence. It was overexpressed and purified with high yield. Although dimers and higher oligomers were observed to form over time, the wsMUR-TM_v2 stayed predominantly monomeric at concentrations as high as 7.5 mg/ml in buffer within a 2-month period. Its secondary structure was predominantly helical and comparable with those of both the original wsMUR-TM variant and the native MUR. The binding affinity of wsMUR-TM_v2 for naltrexone (K
d approximately 70 nM) was in close agreement with that for wsMUR-TM. The helical content of wsMUR-TM_v2 decreased cooperatively with increasing temperature, and the introduction of sucrose was able to stabilize the protein.

Conclusions:
A novel functional wsMUR-TM_v2 with only 16% mutations was successfully engineered, expressed in E. coli, and purified based on information from the crystal structure of murine MUR. This not only provides a novel alternative tool for MUR studies in solution conditions but also offers valuable information for protein engineering and structure–function relations.
Identifying Facilitators and Barriers for Patient Safety in a Medicine Label Design System Using Patient Simulation and Interviews
Authors: Dieckmann Peter , Clemmensen Marianne Hald , Sørensen Trine Kart , Kunstek Pina , Hellebek Annemarie 
Published: May 2014

Objectives
Medicine label design plays an important role in improving patient safety. This study aimed at identifying facilitators and barriers in a medicine label system to prevent medication errors in clinical use by health care professionals.

Methods
The study design is qualitative and exploratory, with a convenience sample of 10 nurses and 10 physicians from different acute care specialties working in hospitals in the Capital Region of Denmark. In 2 patient simulation scenarios and a sorting task, the participants selected the medicines from a range of ampules, vials, and infusion bags. After each scenario and in the end of the study, the participants were interviewed. Notes were validated with the participants, and content was analyzed.

Results
The label design benefited from the standardized construction of the labels, the clear layout and font, and some warning signs. The complexity of the system and some inconsistencies (different meaning of colors) posed challenges, when considered with the actual application context, in which there is little time to get familiar with the design features.

Conclusions
For optimizing medicine labels and obtaining the full benefit of label design features on patient safety, it is necessary to consider the context in which they are used.
Russia: as solid as a BRIC?
Authors: Michailova Snejina , McCarthy Daniel J. , Puffer Sheila M. 
Published: May 2014

PurposeThis introductory paper aims to outline the reasons for optimism as well as for skepticism in regard to Russia's position in the group of BRIC nations and in the global economy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a brief overview of developments in Russia. This discussion serves as a contextual introduction to this special issue by embracing some of the common themes elaborated in the other papers that are featured in the issue.FindingsThe paper takes a balanced perspective by discussing both positive and negative trends in Russia's development.Originality/valueThe paper sets the context in which the other papers that comprise this special issue can be situated.
Tempered stable models for Islamic finance asset management
Authors: Bekri Mahmoud , Shin (Aaron) Kim Young , (Zari) T. Rachev Svetlozar 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– In Islamic finance (IF), the safety-first rule of investing (hifdh al mal) is held to be of utmost importance. In view of the instability in the global financial markets, the IF portfolio manager (mudharib) is committed, according to Sharia, to make use of advanced models and reliable tools. This paper seeks to address these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper, the limitations of the standard models used in the IF industry are reviewed. Then, a framework was set forth for a reliable modeling of the IF markets, especially in extreme events and highly volatile periods. Based on the empirical evidence, the framework offers an improved tool to ameliorate the evaluation of Islamic stock market risk exposure and to reduce the costs of Islamic risk management.

Findings
– Based on the empirical evidence, the framework offers an improved tool to ameliorate the evaluation of Islamic stock market risk exposure and to reduce the costs of Islamic risk management.

Originality/value
– In IF, the portfolio manager – mudharib – according to Sharia, should ensure the adequacy of the mathematical and statistical tools used to model and control portfolio risk. This task became more complicated because of the increase in risk, as measured via market volatility, during the financial crisis that began in the summer of 2007. Sharia condemns the portfolio manager who demonstrates negligence and may hold him accountable for losses for failing to select the proper analytical tools. As Sharia guidelines hold the safety-first principle of investing rule (hifdh al mal) to be of utmost importance, the portfolio manager should avoid speculative investments and strategies that would lead to significant losses during periods of high market volatility.
BeamMaker: an open hardware high-resolution digital fabricator for the masses
Authors: Calderon Ariel , Griffin James , Cristóbal Zagal Juan 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The democratization of invention is a long lasting desire for the advancement of society. Having access to education and the means of production appears as the major factors for the implementation of this goal. 3D printing is a revolutionary technology that has the potential to bring digital manufacturing to everyone. However, the rise of personal fabrication requires an increase in printing quality, a reduction on machine cost and an increase in knowledge shared by the open hardware community. The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of a new Open Hardware printer project to address these points.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors have designed and constructed a low-cost photopolymer-based 3D printer called BeamMaker. The printer is connected to a host computer and a digital-light-processing projector. This work details the design process and how improvements were implemented to reach good printing quality. The authors provide public access to the instructions, software, source code, parts list, user manual and STL and CAD files.

Findings
– The BeamMaker printer can build objects with a high surface quality that is comparable to the quality obtained by industrial photopolymer-based 3D printers. When testing the ability to print a sample cylinder, the printer shows higher accuracy when compared to other personal 3D printers. These findings are encouraging considering the low cost of the system.

Research limitations/implications
– The printing failure rate of the system has not been measured to date. The system requires some improvements to produce large objects.

Practical implications
– The printer cost is just USD380. This is five to eight times less expensive than popular personal 3D printers available today. The cost is 30 times less expensive than a personal photopolymer 3D printer produced by a main commercial company and yet producing results of similar quality. The authors expect good avenues for collaboration from the open-source community to continue improving these systems.

Social implications
– The high cost of current personal 3D printers prevents users from developing countries from entering into the open hardware trend. A dramatic reduction in printer cost such as that explored in this work might contribute to the real democratization of personal fabrication.

Originality/value
– The authors report on the status of three other photopolymer-based personal 3D printer projects. To the best of the authors' knowledge, BeamMaker is the first fully open hardware 3D printer project which uses this technology.
A review of melt extrusion additive manufacturing processes: I. Process design and modeling
Authors: N. Turner Brian , Strong Robert , A. Gold Scott 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to systematically and critically review the literature related to process design and modeling of fused deposition modeling (FDM) and similar extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) or rapid prototyping processes.Design/methodology/approach– A systematic review of the literature focusing on process design and mathematical process modeling was carried out.Findings– FDM and similar processes are among the most widely used rapid prototyping processes with growing application in finished part manufacturing. Key elements of the typical processes, including the material feed mechanism, liquefier and print nozzle; the build surface and environment; and approaches to part finishing are described. Approaches to estimating the motor torque and power required to achieve a desired filament feed rate are presented. Models of required heat flux, shear on the melt and pressure drop in the liquefier are reviewed. On leaving the print nozzle, die swelling and bead cooling are considered. Approaches to modeling the spread of a deposited road of material and the bonding of polymer roads to one another are also reviewed.Originality/value– To date, no other systematic review of process design and modeling research related to melt extrusion AM has been published. Understanding and improving process models will be key to improving system process controls, as well as enabling the development of advanced engineering material feedstocks for FDM processes.
Comparative evaluation of an open-source FDM system
Authors: M. Johnson Wayne , Rowell Matthew , Deason Bill , Eubanks Malik 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a qualitative and quantitative comparison and evaluation of an open-source fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing (AM) system with a proprietary FDM AM system based on the fabrication of a custom benchmarking model.

Design/methodology/approach
– A custom benchmarking model was fabricated using the two AM systems and evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. The fabricated models were visually inspected and scanned using a 3D laser scanning system to examine their dimensional accuracy and geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) performance with respect to the computer-aided design (CAD) model geometry.

Findings
– The open-source FDM AM system (CupCake CNC) successfully fabricated most of the features on the benchmark, but the model did suffer from greater thermal warping and surface roughness, and limitations in the fabrication of overhang structures compared to the model fabricated by the proprietary AM system. Overall, the CupCake CNC provides a relatively accurate, low-cost alternative to more expensive proprietary FDM AM systems.

Research limitations/implications
– This work is limited in the sample size used for the evaluation.

Practical implications
– This work will provide the public and research AM communities with an improved understanding of the performance and capabilities of an open-source AM system. It may also lead to increased use of open-source systems as research testbeds for the continued improvement of current AM processes, and the development of new AM system designs and processes.

Originality/value
– This study is one of the first comparative evaluations of an open-source AM with a proprietary AM system.
Relationship between bone density and abdominal visceral fat in premenopausal overweight and obese Iranian women aged 30–50 years
Authors: Salimzadeh Ahmad , Abolhasani Maryam , Sedaghattalab Moslem , Moghadasi Maryam 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimThe presence of a direct relationship between body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) is frequently reported. However, data on the relationship between visceral fat and bone density varies, with positive, negative or no relationship having been reported. This study aims to examine the relationship between abdominal visceral fat and BMD.MethodsA cross sectional study was carried out on 95 premenopausal, overweight and obese women aged 30–50 years referred to Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2011–2012. Anthropometric indices and visceral fat levels were measured.ResultsMultiple linear regression analysis showed that proximal femur BMD (P = 0.856) and lumbar spine BMD (P = 0.558) were not significantly related to visceral fat level. However, BMI had a direct and significant positive relationship with proximal femur BMD (P = 0.001) and lumbar spine BMD (P = 0.031). Menarche age was negatively related to lumbar spine BMD (P = 0.003).ConclusionsIn this study, after adjusting for fat‐free mass, no significant relationship was found between MBD of the proximal femur and lumbar spine, and visceral fat level or visceral fat to total fat percentage ratio. Therefore, abdominal visceral fat may not affect BMD, independent of weight. It seems that the positive relationship between BMI and proximal femur and lumbar spine BMD is due to the mechanical effects of weight on bones.