bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection of Drug Resistance-Mediating Plasmodium falciparum Genetic Polymorphisms by Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Burkina Faso
Authors: Somé Anyirékun Fabrice , Zongo Issaka , Compaoré Yves-Daniel , Sakandé Souleymane , Nosten François , Ouédraogo Jean-Bosco , Rosenthal Philip J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), with regular use of amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AQ/SP) during the transmission season, is now a standard malaria control measure in the Sahel subregion of Africa. Another strategy under study is SMC with dihydroartemisinin plus piperaquine (DP).
Plasmodium falciparum
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in
P. falciparum
crt
(
pfcrt
),
pfmdr1
,
pfdhfr
, and
pfdhps
are associated with decreased response to aminoquinoline and antifolate antimalarials and are selected by use of these drugs. To characterize selection by SMC of key polymorphisms, we assessed 13 SNPs in
P. falciparum
isolated from children aged 3 to 59 months living in southwestern Burkina Faso and randomized to receive monthly DP or AQ/SP for 3 months in 2009. We compared SNP prevalence before the onset of SMC and 1 month after the third treatment in
P. falciparum
PCR-positive samples from 120 randomly selected children from each treatment arm and an additional 120 randomly selected children from a control group that did not receive SMC. The prevalence of relevant mutations was increased after SMC with AQ/SP. Significant selection was seen for
pfcrt
76T (68.5% to 83.0%,
P
= 0.04),
pfdhfr
59R (54.8% to 83.3%,
P
= 0.0002), and
pfdhfr
108N (55.0% to 87.2%,
P
= 0.0001), with trends toward selection of
pfmdr1
86Y,
pfdhfr
51I, and
pfdhps
437G. After SMC with DP, only borderline selection of wild-type
pfmdr1
D1246 (mutant; 7.7% to 0%,
P
= 0.05) was seen. In contrast to AQ/SP, SMC with DP did not clearly select for known resistance-mediating polymorphisms. SMC with AQ/SP, but not DP, may hasten the development of resistance to components of this regimen. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00941785.)
Full Genome Analysis of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Isolated from Peru, 2013
Authors: Padilla Carlos , Condori Fredy , Huaringa Maribel , Marcos Pool , Rojas Nancy , Gutierrez Victoria , Cáceres Omar 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
The pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus has been reported in Peru since 2009. We report the whole-genome sequence analysis of a viral isolate from an infection case that occurred during an influenza outbreak in 2013. This strain shows novel hemagglutinin (HA) mutations that may cause an antigenic drift that diminishes the protective effect of the vaccine.
Draft Genome Sequence of Campylobacter corcagiensis Strain CIT045
T
, a Representative of a Novel
Campylobacter
Species Isolated from Lion-Tailed Macaques (
Macaca silenus
)
Authors: Koziel Monika , Lucid Alan , Bullman Susan , Corcoran Gerard D. , Lucey Brigid , Sleator Roy D. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter corcagiensis
CIT045
T
(=CCUG 64942
T
, LMG 27932
T
), a new member of the
Campylobacter
genus, has recently been isolated from lion-tailed macaques in Cork, Ireland. To further characterize this new species and its potential pathogenicity, the genome sequence of
C. corcagiensis
was determined and is presented here.
Complete Genome Sequences of Eight Helicobacter pylori Strains with Different Virulence Factor Genotypes and Methylation Profiles, Isolated from Patients with Diverse Gastrointestinal Diseases on Okinawa Island, Japan, Determined Using PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time Technology
Authors: Satou Kazuhito , Shiroma Akino , Teruya Kuniko , Shimoji Makiko , Nakano Kazuma , Juan Ayaka , Tamotsu Hinako , Terabayashi Yasunobu , Aoyama Misako , Teruya Morimi , Suzuki Rumiko , Matsuda Miyuki , Sekine Akihiro , Kinjo Nagisa , Kinjo Fukunori , Yamaoka Yoshio , Hirano Takashi 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequences of eight
Helicobacter pylori
strains isolated from patients with gastrointestinal diseases in Okinawa, Japan. Whole-genome sequencing and DNA methylation detection were performed using the PacBio platform.
De novo
assembly determined a single, complete contig for each strain. Furthermore, methylation analysis identified virulence factor genotype-dependent motifs.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Virulent Streptococcus agalactiae Strain, 138P, Isolated from Diseased Nile Tilapia
Authors: Pridgeon Julia W. , Zhang Dunhua 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus agalactiae
strain 138P was isolated from the kidney of diseased Nile tilapia in Idaho during a 2007 streptococcal disease outbreak. The full genome sequence of
S. agalactiae
138P is 1,838,701 bp. The availability of this genome will allow comparative genomics analysis to identify genes for antigen discovery and vaccine development.
Genome Sequence of Streptomyces albulus PD-1, a Productive Strain for Epsilon-Poly-
l
-Lysine and Poly-
l
-Diaminopropionic Acid
Authors: Xu Zhaoxian , Xia Jun , Feng Xiaohai , Li Sha , Xu Hong , Bo Fangfang , Sun Zhuzhen 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Streptomyces albulus
PD-1, a productive strain for epsilon-poly-
l
-lysine and poly-
l
-diaminopropionic acid, was isolated from soils. We present the genome sequence of
S. albulus
PD-1, which may provide abundant information regarding the production of epsilon-poly-
l
-lysine and poly-
l
-diaminopropionic acid.
Genome Sequences of Two
Pseudoalteromonas
Strains Isolated from the South China Sea
Authors: Zeng Zhenshun , Dai Shikun , Xie Yunchang , Tian Xinpeng , Li Jie , Wang Xiaoxue 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Two
Pseudoalteromonas
strains, SCSIO 04301 and SCSIO 11900, were isolated from the South China Sea, and both strains form biofilms. Here we present the draft genome sequences of these two strains, which will aid the study of marine microbes that are adapted to marine sediments or are associated with eukaryotic hosts.
Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium austroafricanum DSM 44191
Authors: Croce Olivier , Robert Catherine , Raoult Didier , Drancourt Michel 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWe announce the draft genome sequence ofMycobacterium austroafricanumDSM 44191T(= E9789-SA12441T), a non-tuberculosis species responsible for opportunistic infection. The genome described here has a size of 6,772,357 bp with a G+C content of 66.79% and contains 6,419 protein-coding genes and 112 RNA genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium asiaticum Strain DSM 44297
Authors: Croce Olivier , Robert Catherine , Raoult Didier , Drancourt Michel 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of
Mycobacterium asiaticum
strain DSM 44297, a tropical mycobacterium seldom responsible for human infection. The genome of
M. asiaticum
has a size of 5,935,986 bp, with a 66.03% G+C content, encoding 5,591 proteins and 81 RNAs.
Complete Genome of Bacillus megaterium Podophage Page
Authors: Lopez Mariana S. , Hodde Mary K. , Chamakura Karthik R. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Bacillus megaterium
is a Gram-positive, spore-forming saprophytic inhabitant of diverse environments. It is a reservoir for industrial chemical production and is emerging as a model organism for studying sporulation and protein localization. Here, we introduce the complete genome of Page, a novel podophage infecting
B. megaterium
.
Burnout in the NICU setting and its relation to safety culture
Authors: Profit Jochen , Sharek Paul J , Amspoker Amber B , Kowalkowski Mark A , Nisbet Courtney C , Thomas Eric J , Chadwick Whitney A , Sexton J Bryan 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundBurnout is widespread among healthcare providers and is associated with adverse safety behaviours, operational and clinical outcomes. Little is known with regard to the explanatory links between burnout and these adverse outcomes.Objectives(1) Test the psychometric properties of a brief four-item burnout scale, (2) Provide neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) burnout and resilience benchmarking data across different units and caregiver types, (3) Examine the relationships between caregiver burnout and patient safety culture.Research designCross-sectional survey study.SubjectsNurses, nurse practitioners, respiratory care providers and physicians in 44 NICUs.MeasuresCaregiver assessments of burnout and safety culture.ResultsOf 3294 administered surveys, 2073 were returned for an overall response rate of 62.9%. The percentage of respondents in each NICU reporting burnout ranged from 7.5% to 54.4% (mean=25.9%, SD=10.8). The four-item burnout scale was reliable (α=0.85) and appropriate for aggregation (intra-class correlation coefficient-2=0.95). Burnout varied significantly between NICUs, p<0.0001, but was less prevalent in physicians (mean=15.1%, SD=19.6) compared with non-physicians (mean=26.9%, SD=11.4, p=0.0004). NICUs with more burnout had lower teamwork climate (r=−0.48, p=0.001), safety climate (r=−0.40, p=0.01), job satisfaction (r=−0.64, p<0.0001), perceptions of management (r=−0.50, p=0.0006) and working conditions (r=−0.45, p=0.002).ConclusionsNICU caregiver burnout appears to have ‘climate-like’ features, is prevalent, and associated with lower perceptions of patient safety culture.
Extrication time prediction tool
Authors: Nutbeam Tim , Fenwick Rob , Hobson Charles , Holland Vikki , Palmer Michael 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundMany patients will require extrication following a motor vehicle collision (MVC). Little information exists on the time taken for extrication or the factors which affect this time.ObjectiveTo derive a tool to predict the time taken to extricate patients from MVCs.MethodsA prospective, observational derivation study was carried out in the West Midland Fire Service's metropolitan area. An expert group identified factors that may predict extrication time—the presence and absence of these factors was prospectively recorded at eligible extrications for the study period. A step-down multiple regression method was used to identify important contributing factors.ResultsFactors that increased extrication times by a statistically significant extent were: a physical obstruction (10 min), patients medically trapped (10 min per patient) and any patient physically trapped (7 min). Factors that shortened extrication time were rapid access (−7 min) and the car being on its roof (−12 min). All these times were calculated from an arbitrary time (which assumes zero patients) of 8 min.ConclusionsThis paper describes the development of a tool to predict extrication time for a trapped patient. A number of factors were identified which significantly contributed to the overall extrication time.
Transcriptomes and shRNA Suppressors in a TP53 Allele–Specific Model of Early-Onset Colon Cancer in African Americans
Authors: Weige Charles C. , Birtwistle Marc R. , Mallick Himel , Yi Nengjun , Berrong Zuzana , Cloessner Emily , Duff Keely , Tidwell Josephine , Clendenning Megan , Wilkerson Brent , Farrell Christopher , Bunz Fred , Ji Hao , Shtutman Michael , Creek Kim E. , Banister Carolyn E. , Buckhaults Phillip J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
African Americans are disproportionately affected by early-onset, high-grade malignancies. A fraction of this cancer health disparity can be explained by genetic differences between individuals of African or European descent. Here the wild-type Pro/Pro genotype at the TP53Pro72Arg (P72R) polymorphism (SNP: rs1042522) is more frequent in African Americans with cancer than in African Americans without cancer (51% vs. 37%), and is associated with a significant increase in the rates of cancer diagnosis in African Americans. To test the hypothesis that Tp53 allele–specific gene expression may contribute to African American cancer disparities, TP53 hemizygous knockout variants were generated and characterized in the RKO colon carcinoma cell line, which is wild type for TP53 and heterozygous at the TP53Pro72Arg locus. Transcriptome profiling, using RNAseq, in response to the DNA-damaging agent etoposide revealed a large number of Tp53-regulated transcripts, but also a subset of transcripts that were TP53Pro72Arg allele specific. In addition, a shRNA-library suppressor screen for Tp53 allele–specific escape from Tp53-induced arrest was performed. Several novel RNAi suppressors of Tp53 were identified, one of which, PRDM1β (BLIMP-1), was confirmed to be an Arg-specific transcript. Prdm1β silences target genes by recruiting H3K9 trimethyl (H3K9me3) repressive chromatin marks, and is necessary for stem cell differentiation. These results reveal a novel model for African American cancer disparity, in which the TP53 codon 72 allele influences lifetime cancer risk by driving damaged cells to differentiation through an epigenetic mechanism involving gene silencing.
Implications: TP53 P72R polymorphism significantly contributes to increased African American cancer disparity. Mol Cancer Res; 12(7); 1029–41. ©2014 AACR.
Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events Score Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Cardioembolic and Other Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lei Chunyan , Wu Bo , Liu Ming , Chen Yanchao , Yang Hongliu , Wang Deren , Lin Sen , Hao Zilong 
Published: April 2014

Background and Purpose—
Whether totaled health risks in vascular events (THRIVE) score can be used to predict clinical outcomes and risk of hemorrhagic transformation in patients with special subtypes of ischemic stroke remains an open question.

Methods—
We analyzed the possible relationships between THRIVE score and clinical outcomes in patients with cardioembolic stroke or noncardioembolic stroke who did not receive thrombolytic therapy. Clinical outcomes and hemorrhagic transformation within 3 months of admission were compared among 3 patient subgroups with initial THRIVE scores of 0 to 2, 3 to 5, or 6 to 9.

Results—
A total of 505 patients with cardioembolic stroke and 3374 patients with noncardioembolic stroke were included in our analysis. As THRIVE score increased, the rate of patients showing good clinical outcome decreased, whereas the rate of mortality and hemorrhagic transformation increased after ischemic stroke. Increasing THRIVE score was independently associated with decreasing likelihood of good outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 (cardioembolic stroke: odds ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.51–0.67; noncardioembolic stroke: odds ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–0.57), and with increasing likelihood of death (cardioembolic: odds ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.28–1.70; noncardioembolic: odds ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.76–2.16). THRIVE score showed good receiver operating characteristics for predicting good outcome and mortality in patients with cardioembolic stroke and noncardioembolic stroke.

Conclusions—
The THRIVE score is a simple tool that helps clinicians estimate good outcome and death after ischemic stroke.
Intracranial Hemorrhage Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Anticoagulated With Warfarin or Rivaroxaban
Authors: Hankey Graeme J. , Stevens Susanna R. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Lokhnygina Yuliya , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Halperin Jonathan L. , Patel Manesh R. , Breithardt Günter , Singer Daniel E. , Becker Richard C. , Berkowitz Scott D. , Paolini John F. , Nessel Christopher C. , Hacke Werner , Fox Keith A.A. , Califf Robert M. 
Published: April 2014

Background and Purpose—
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a life-threatening complication of anticoagulation.

Methods—
We investigated the rate, outcomes, and predictors of ICH in 14 264 patients with atrial fibrillation from Rivaroxaban Once Daily, Oral, Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared With Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF). Cox proportional hazards modeling was used.

Results—

During 1.94 years (median) of follow-up, 172 patients (1.2%) experienced 175 ICH events at a rate of 0.67% per year. The significant, independent predictors of ICH were race (Asian: hazard ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.39–2.94; black: hazard ratio, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.43–7.41), age (1.35; 1.13–1.63 per 10-year increase), reduced serum albumin (1.39; 1.12–1.73 per 0.5 g/dL decrease), reduced platelet count below 210×10
9
/L (1.08; 1.02–1.13 per 10×10
9
/L decrease), previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (1.42; 1.02–1.96), and increased diastolic blood pressure (1.17; 1.01–1.36 per 10 mm Hg increase). Predictors of a reduced risk of ICH were randomization to rivaroxaban (0.60; 0.44–0.82) and history of congestive heart failure (0.65; 0.47–0.89). The ability of the model to discriminate individuals with and without ICH was good (
C
-index, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.64–0.73).

Conclusions—
Among patients with atrial fibrillation treated with anticoagulation, the risk of ICH was higher among Asians, blacks, the elderly, and in those with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, increased diastolic blood pressure, and reduced platelet count or serum albumin at baseline. The risk of ICH was significantly lower in patients with heart failure and in those who were randomized to rivaroxaban instead of warfarin. The external validity of these findings requires testing in other atrial fibrillation populations.
Blocking of α4 Integrin Does Not Protect From Acute Ischemic Stroke in Mice
Authors: Langhauser Friederike , Kraft Peter , Göb Eva , Leinweber Jonas , Schuhmann Michael K. , Lorenz Kristina , Gelderblom Mathias , Bittner Stefan , Meuth Sven G. , Wiendl Heinz , Magnus Tim , Kleinschnitz Christoph 
Published: April 2014

Background and Purpose—
T lymphocytes have recently been identified as key mediators of tissue damage in ischemic stroke. The interaction between very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) and vascular adhesion molecule-1 is crucial for the transvascular egress of T lymphocytes, and inhibition of this interaction by specific antibodies is a powerful strategy to combat autoimmune neuroinflammation. However, whether pharmacological blocking of T-lymphocyte trafficking is also protective during brain ischemia is still unclear. We investigated the efficacy of a monoclonal antibody directed against VLA-4 in mouse models of ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Transient and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in male C57Bl/6 mice. Animals treated with a monoclonal anti-CD49d antibody (300 μg) 24 hours before or 3 hours after the onset of cerebral ischemia and stroke outcome, including infarct size, functional status, and mortality, were assessed between day 1 and day 7. The numbers of immune cells invading the ischemic brain were determined by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry.

Results—
Blocking of VLA-4 significantly reduced the invasion of T lymphocytes and neutrophils on day 5 after middle cerebral artery occlusion and inhibited the upregulation of vascular adhesion molecule-1. However, the anti-CD49d antibody failed to influence stroke outcome positively irrespective of the model or the time point investigated.

Conclusions—
Pharmacological inhibition of the VLA-4/vascular adhesion molecule-1 axis in experimental stroke was ineffective in our hands. Our results cast doubt on the effectiveness of anti-CD49d as a stroke treatment. Further translational studies should be performed before testing anti–VLA-4 antibodies in patients with stroke.
Sleep Duration and Risk of Stroke Mortality Among Chinese Adults
Authors: Pan An , De Silva Deidre Anne , Yuan Jian-Min , Koh Woon-Puay 
Published: April 2014

Background and Purpose—
Prospective relation between sleep duration and stroke risk is less studied, particularly in Asians. We examined the association between sleep duration and stroke mortality among Chinese adults.

Methods—
The Singapore Chinese Health Study is a population-based cohort of 63 257 Chinese adults aged 45 to 74 years enrolled during 1993 through 1998. Sleep duration at baseline was assessed via in-person interview, and death information during follow-up was ascertained via record linkage with the death registry up to December 31, 2011. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios with adjustment for other comorbidities and lifestyle risk factors of stroke mortality.

Results—
During 926 752 person-years of follow-up, we documented 1381 stroke deaths (322 from hemorrhagic and 1059 from ischemic or nonspecified strokes). Compared with individuals with 7 hours per day of sleep, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of total stroke mortality was 1.25 (1.05–1.50) for ≤5 hours per day (short duration), 1.01 (0.87–1.18) for 6 hours per day, 1.09 (0.95–1.26) for 8 hours per day, and 1.54 (1.28–1.85) for ≥9 hours per day (long duration). The increased risk of stroke death with short (1.54; 1.16–2.03) and long durations of sleep (1.95; 1.48–2.57) was seen among subjects with a history of hypertension, but not in those without hypertension. These findings were limited to risk of death from ischemic or nonspecified stroke, but not observed for hemorrhagic stroke.

Conclusions—
Both short and long sleep durations are associated with increased risk of stroke mortality in a Chinese population, particularly among those with a history of hypertension.
A Comparison of In-person, Telephone, and Secure Messaging for Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Support
Authors: Greenwood Deborah A. , Hankins Andrea I. , Parise Carol A. , Spier Valerie , Olveda Joan , Buss Kimberly A. 
Published: April 2014

Ongoing interaction between diabetes educators and patients is necessary for making and sustaining behavior changes essential for glycemic control and subsequently reducing the complications of diabetes. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of diabetes self-management support (DSMS) delivered via telephone or secure message and to compare clinical outcomes (A1C, LDL), behavioral goal achievement, and health maintenance task completion. Methods In sum, 150 persons with type 2 diabetes who completed diabetes self-management education self-selected DSMS methods: 1 in-person visit (n = 47), 3 brief visits by phone (n = 44), or 3 by secure message (n = 59) through electronic health record. DSMS included evaluation of goal achievement, barriers and facilitators, problem solving, and review of health maintenance exams. Self-reported data were collected at 9 months. Results There were no significant differences among groups in main outcomes between baseline and 9-month follow-up. Behavioral goals were achieved by 59% of in-person participants, 73% phone, and 77% secure message. Sixty-two completed the intervention per protocol: fewer online than in-person or phone groups. Mean attempts to contact participants was significantly greater in the secure message group. Phone contact was significantly longer than secure message. Conclusions Telephone and secure message was feasible for providing DSMS. Three brief contacts by phone or secure message resulted in similar outcomes when compared to an in-person visit. Secure messaging required less staff time, but increased patient engagement is needed.