bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Mass Index and Mortality Risk in Asian Peritoneal Dialysis Patients in Hong Kong—Impact of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Status
Authors: Kiran Verukonda Ravi , Zhu Tong Ying , Yip Terence , Lui Sing Leung , Lo Wai Kei 
Published: February 2014

Background Obesity increases mortality in the general population, but improves survival in hemodialysis patients. In peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, the reported effect is controversial. We investigated the effect of body mass index (BMI) on patient survival in Asian PD patients. Methods The survival of incident Asian PD patients from 2001 to 2008 in a single center in Hong Kong was analyzed retrospectively. Baseline demographic and clinical data were collected from patient records. Patients who had a total Kt/V below 1.7 or who died within 6 months were excluded. The BMI was categorized using the World Health Organization recommendation for Asian populations. Results In the 274 study patients [154 men (56%); 138 with diabetes (50.4%); mean age: 63.4 ± 14.6 years; mean BMI: 21.97 ± 3.23 kg/m2; 37 underweight (13.5%); 35 obese (12.8%)], the relative risk (RR) for mortality [adjusted for age, diabetes status, and cardiovascular disease (CVD)] was similar for the normal and overweight groups, but higher for the underweight (RR: 1.909; p = 0.028) and obese groups (RR: 1.799; p = 0.048). The increased mortality in obese patients was more prominent in patients with diabetes (RR: 1.9 vs 1.19 in patients without diabetes; p = 0.074 and 0.76 respectively), and in patients with CVD (RR: 8.895 vs 1.642 in patients without CVD; p = 0.012 and 0.122 respectively). Conclusions In Asian PD patients, the relationship between BMI and mortality was U-shaped, with higher mortality in the underweight and obese patients. The negative impact of obesity was more prominent in patients with diabetes and CVD.
Approach to the Metabolic Implications of Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Góes Cassiana Regina , Berbel Marina Nogueira , Balbi Andre Luis , Ponce Daniela 
Published: February 2014

During the 1970s and 1980s, peritoneal dialysis (PD) was widely accepted as the standard treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI). However, advances in the techniques of extra-corporeal blood purification gradually reduced its use, making PD an underused modality in this context. Although PD for AKI is an underutilized modality worldwide, it is frequently used in developing countries because of its lower cost and minimal infrastructure requirements. Recent studies have shown that PD administered continuously through a flexible catheter and cycler is an effective treatment in AKI because it ensures adequate fluid status and metabolic control. However, the use of PD in AKI has several limitations, such as the need for an intact peritoneal cavity and, in emergency situations such as severe fluid overload and severe hyperkalemia, an efficacy that is lower than that with extracorporeal blood purification techniques. Metabolic, infectious, and mechanical disorders related to PD are also limitations. Among the metabolic complications of PD are hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, protein loss into the dialysate, and hypercatabolism. Hyperglycemia is caused by the use of dialysate containing high concentrations of glucose. Hypernatremia is a result of short dialysate dwell times during the rapid exchanges of high-volume PD. Protein loss into the dialysate can reach 48 g daily, worsening the nutrition status of patients already depleted by AKI. Severe hypercatabolism caused by PD remains controversial and occurs because PD methods cannot provide an adequate dialysis dose for AKI patients. Few studies have assessed the metabolic implications of PD in AKI patients. Evaluation of these implications is relatively simple, imposes no additional costs, and can provide information about the severity of the disease. Evaluation could also guide the selection of therapeutic, dialytic, and nutrition measures, preventing metabolic complications. The present manuscript describes the metabolic implications of PD and reviews the literature on how to prevent metabolic complications.
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis in the Era of a Multi-Disciplinary Approach Based on Biocompatible Solutions: The Next-Pd Study
Authors: Nakayama Masaaki , Miyazaki Masanobu , Honda Kazuho , Kasai Kenji , Tomo Tadashi , Nakamoto Hidetomo , Kawanishi Hideki 
Published: February 2014

Introduction Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Over the past decade in Japan, a multidisciplinary approach has been adopted to minimize the incidence and improve outcomes of EPS. This strategy includes planned PD discontinuation for high-risk patients and the introduction of biocompatible solutions. This study examined the current clinical status of EPS in representative PD centers in Japan. Design, setting, participants and measurements Patients ( n = 1,338) from 55 PD centers in Japan who were using neutral-pH solutions from the initiation of therapy (mean age, 62 years; median PD duration, 32 months; concomitant use of icodextrin, 35.2%; PD and hemodialysis combination therapy, 12.2%) were assessed every 6 months to ascertain the reasons for PD discontinuation and the development of EPS development. Outcomes were also recorded. The study period was from November 2008 to March 2012. Results There were 727 patients who discontinued PD, including 163 deaths. Among all causes of PD withdrawal except for death, planned PD discontinuation to avoid EPS was utilized in 58 cases (7.1% in total). The strategy was increasingly utilized in proportion to the duration of PD: 0.5% for patients undergoing PD for < 3 years, 0.6% for patients undergoing PD for 5 years, 14.7% for patients undergoing PD for 8 years, and 35.5% for patients undergoing PD for > 8 years. Fourteen patients developed EPS (three cases after PD), which corresponded with an overall incidence of 1.0%. The incidence according to the duration of PD was 0.3% for PD < 3 years, 0.6% for PD = 5 years, 2.3% for PD = 8 years, and 1.2% for PD > 8 years. In terms of therapy, 11 patients were treated with prednisolone (PSL), and surgical enterolysis was utilized in two cases. Complete remission of abdominal symptoms was achieved in twelve patients (85.7%), and three died due to EPS (mortality rate of 21.4%). Conclusions Use of the multidisciplinary approach described above reduces the risk of the development of EPS according to PD duration. In cases of de novo EPS cases in Japan, this strategy can also attenuate the clinical course of the condition.
A dosimetric study of volumetric modulated arc therapy planning techniques for treatment of low-risk prostate cancer in patients with bilateral hip prostheses
Authors: Rana Suresh B. , Pokharel Shyam 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background and Purpose: Recently, megavoltage (MV) photon volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) has gained widespread acceptance as the technique of choice for prostate cancer patients undergoing external beam radiation therapy. However, radiation treatment planning for patients with metallic hip prostheses composed of high-Z materials can be challenging due to (1) presence of streak artifacts from prosthetic hips in computed tomography dataset, and (2) inhomogeneous dose distribution within the target volume. The purpose of this study was to compare the dosimetric quality of VMAT techniques in the form of Rapid Arc (RA) for treating low-risk prostate cancer patient with bilateral prostheses. Materials and Methods: Three treatment plans were created using RA techniques utilizing 2 arcs (2-RA), 3 arcs (3-RA), and 4 arcs (4-RA) for 6 MV photon beam in Eclipse treatment planning system. Each plan was optimized for total dose of 79.2 Gy prescribed to the planning target volume (PTV) over 44 fractions. All three RA plans were calculated with anisotropic analytical algorithm. Results : The mean and maximum doses to the PTV as well as the homogeneity index among all three RA plans were comparable. The plan conformity index was highest in the 2-Arc plan (1.19) and lowest in the 4-Arc plan (1.10). In comparison to the 2-RA technique, the 4-RA technique reduced the doses to rectum by up to 18.8% and to bladder by up to 7.8%. In comparison to the 3-RA technique, the 4-RA technique reduced the doses to rectum by up to 14.6% and to bladder by up to 3.5%. Conclusion: Based on the RA techniques investigated for a low-risk prostate cancer patient with bilateral prostheses, the 4-RA plan produced lower rectal and bladder dose and better dose conformity across the PTV in comparison with the 2-RA and 3-RA plans.
Serum zinc as a prognostic indicator in locally advanced cancer cervix patients receiving chemo-irradiation: A pilot study
Authors: Tiwari Vivek , Shukla Piyush , Gupta Gourav 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of serum Zinc (S.Zn) in locally advanced cancer cervix (LACC) patients treated with chemo-irradiation. Materials and Methods: S.Zn values in 34 females with histopathologically (HP) proven LACC (>/= stage II B) were prospectively measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer pre- and post-treatment. Thirty-four age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were also evaluated for the parameter during the course of the study. After completion of treatment, the patients were divided into 2 groups based on the response, 1 - Complete response (CR) and 2 - Partial/No response (PR/NR). These groups were compared based on the observations of the studied parameter. Results: The mean post-treatment S.Zn values were significantly higher in group 1 as compared to group 2 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In our study, patients achieving CR had higher mean levels of S.Zn compared to patients achieving PR/NR. We advocate further in-depth studies to evaluate the role of S.Zn in the prognosis of LACC patients treated with chemo-irradiation.
Study of socio‑demographic determinants of esophageal cancer at a tertiary care teaching hospital of Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Giri Purushottam A. , Singh Kailash K. , Phalke Deepak B. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer has a peculiar geographical distribution and shows marked differences in incidence within a particular geographical region. Presently, as there seems little prospect of early detection of this cancer, an understanding of the etiological factors may suggest opportunities for its primary prevention. Objectives: The present study was carried out to find out the socio-demographic determinants of esophageal cancer in a tertiary care teaching hospital of western Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective hospital record-based study was carried out for the period of five years (2007-2011) in the department of Radiotherapy of Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni, western Maharashtra, India. A total of 5879 patients were diagnosed with cancer, of them, 207 (3.52%) patients had esophageal cancer. Data was collected on the basis of the patients′ record in the hospital and analyzed in the form of percentage and proportions whenever appropriate. Results: Out of total 5879 patients who were diagnosed with cancer during the five studied years, 207 (3.52%) patients had esophageal cancer, of which 121 (58.46%) were males and 86 (41.54%) were females, which show predominance of males over females. Most of the patients (28.50%) belonged to lower class, while only 9.66% were from upper class. Majority of the patients (54.14%) had a history of tobacco chewing, followed by smoking (cigarette, bidi, or both) in 36.94% and alcohol in 21.65%. Conclusion: The present study shows that esophageal cancer constitutes 3.52% of cancer cases. There is a need to screen the high-risk group of people, improve socio-economic status, and efforts must be made to introduce a set of preventive measures that have the potential to significantly reduce the burden of disease and to help bridge the gap between research and public awareness.
The Use of Ultrasonography for the Guidance of Epidural Analgesia in Obstetric Anesthesia
Authors: Plavsic Sanja Kupesic , Teissler Hana , Lozano Claudia 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
This review article describes the development of the use of ultrasound guidance for neuraxial blocks in obstetric anesthesia. Current evidence of the clinical utility and application, basic lumbar spine sonoanatomy and practical clinical approach of the ultrasound-guided technique for neuraxial blocks are presented and discussed. Suggested curriculum is intended to prepare anesthesiology residents for application of ultrasound guidance in epidural analgesia and obstetric anesthesia.

How to cite this article
Teissler H, Lozano C, Kupesic Plavsic S. The Use of Ultrasonography for the Guidance of Epidural Analgesia in Obstetric Anesthesia. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(1):44-51.
Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound Fellowship: Experience of Dubrovnik International University Fellowship Program in Dubai
Authors: Honemeyer Ulrich , Sungler Paul , Grobler Diana , John Lorraine Natasha 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
In this article, we review a 4-year experience (2009-2013) with a Postgraduate Fellowship Program in Advanced obstetrics and gynecology Ultrasound under the Academic Mentorship of Dubrovnik International University (DIU), Croatia. The fellowship was conducted in Dubai, Welcare Mediclinic Hospital, and an Academic Teaching Hospital of DIU. Since 2009, we completed four master diploma courses with 38 graduates from the Middle East, Africa and Asia. The concept of the fellowship program did not require internship in our institution and allowed postgraduate students to remain in their professional and private environment. Each fellowship lasted for one year, including six teaching modules of 9 days every other month. The modules consisted of lectures given by international faculty and handson in the hospital, in the field of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology. The number of participants was limited to twelve in one course. At the end of the fellowship, students had to pass a written, oral and practical examination and hand over a logbook of a minimum of 50 sonographic case documentations. We give detailed account of the fellowship program, medicolegal and administrative specifics, course-related problems and their solutions from the nursing perspective, and describe the organizational challenges.

How to cite this article
Kurjak A, Honemeyer U, Sungler P, Grobler D, John LN. Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound Fellowship: Experience of Dubrovnik International University Fellowship Program in Dubai. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(1):52-59.
Bénédicte Vauthier y Jimena Gamba Corradine, eds., Crítica genética y edición de manuscritos hispánicos contemporáneos. Aportaciones a una «poética de transición entre estados»
Authors: Pizarro Jerónimo 
Published: February 2014

Reseña de Bénédicte Vauthier y Jimena Gamba Corradine, eds., Crítica genética y edición de manuscritos hispánicos contemporáneos. Aportaciones a una «poética de transición entre estados», Ediciones de la Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 2012, 310 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9012-073-6.
Diverse magmatic effects of subducting a hot slab in SW Japan: Results from forward modeling
Authors: Kimura Jun‐Ichi , Gill James B. , Kunikiyo Tomoyuki , Osaka Isaku , Shimoshioiri Yusuke , Katakuse Maiko , Kakubuchi Susumu , Nagao Takashi , Furuyama Katsuhiko , Kamei Atsushi , Kawabata Hiroshi , Nakajima Junichi , van Keken Peter E. , Stern Robert J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn response to the subduction of the young Shikoku Basin of the Philippine Sea Plate, arc magmas erupted in SW Japan throughout the late Cenozoic. Many magma types are present including ocean island basalt (OIB), shoshonite (SHO), arc‐type alkali basalt (AB), typical subalkalic arc basalt (SAB), high‐Mg andesite (HMA), and adakite (ADK). OIB erupted since the Japan Sea back‐arc basin opened, whereas subsequent arc magmas accompanied subduction of the Shikoku Basin. However, there the origin of the magmas in relation to hot subduction is debated. Using new major and trace element and Sr‐Nd‐Pb‐Hf isotope analyses of 324 lava samples from seven Quaternary volcanoes, we investigated the genetic conditions of the magma suites using a geochemical mass balance model, Arc Basalt Simulator version 4 (ABS4), that uses these data to solve for the parameters such as pressure/temperature of slab dehydration/melting and slab flux fraction, pressure, and temperature of mantle melting. The calculations suggest that those magmas originated from slab melts that induced flux melting of mantle peridotite. The suites differ mostly in the mass fraction of slab‐melt flux, increasing from SHO through AB, SAB, HMA, to ADK. The pressure and temperature of mantle melting decreases in the same order. The suites differ secondarily in the ratio of altered oceanic crust to sediment in the source of the slab melt. The atypical suites associated with hot subduction result from unusually large mass fractions of slab melt and unusually cool mantle temperatures.
Estimating soil respiration using spatial data products: A case study in a deciduous broadleaf forest in the Midwest USA
Authors: Huang Ni , Gu Lianhong , Niu Zheng 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the potential of spatially distributed data products in estimating soil respiration (Rs), including land surface temperature (LST) and spectral vegetation index from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and root zone soil moisture derived from the assimilation of the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer‐EOS and a land surface model, at a deciduous broadleaf forest site in the Midwest USA. Several statistical models were used to examine the dependencies of Rs on these spatial data products, and accuracy of these models was compared to the models based on in situ measurements. The models based on mean LST (i.e., averaging nighttime and daytime LST from MODIS) and root zone soil moisture explained 82% and 72% of seasonal variations in Rs for spring and winter dormant periods, respectively. In the growing season, the models depending on mean LST, root zone soil moisture, and photosynthesis‐related enhanced vegetation index showed comparable accuracy with the models entirely based on in situ measured data, except for the midgrowing period. Drought stress led to a relatively low explanation capacity for the Rs model based on spatial data products during the midgrowing period. However, this model still explained 76% of temporal dynamics of Rs over the midgrowing period. Our results suggested that simple models based entirely on spatial data products have the potential to estimate Rs at the temperate deciduous forest site. The conclusions drawn from the present study provided valuable information for large‐scale estimates of Rs in temperate deciduous forest ecosystems.
A quantitative assessment of a terrestrial biosphere model's data needs across North American biomes
Authors: Dietze Michael C. , Serbin Shawn P. , Davidson Carl , Desai Ankur R. , Feng Xiaohui , Kelly Ryan , Kooper Rob , LeBauer David , Mantooth Joshua , McHenry Kenton , Wang Dan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTerrestrial biosphere models are designed to synthesize our current understanding of how ecosystems function, test competing hypotheses of ecosystem function against observations, and predict responses to novel conditions such as those expected under climate change. Reducing uncertainties in such models can improve both basic scientific understanding and our predictive capacity, but rarely are ecosystem models employed in the design of field campaigns. We provide a synthesis of carbon cycle uncertainty analyses conducted using the Predictive Ecosystem Analyzer ecoinformatics workflow with the Ecosystem Demography model v2. This work is a synthesis of multiple projects, using Bayesian data assimilation techniques to incorporate field data and trait databases across temperate forests, grasslands, agriculture, short rotation forestry, boreal forests, and tundra. We report on a number of data needs that span a wide array of diverse biomes, such as the need for better constraint on growth respiration, mortality, stomatal conductance, and water uptake. We also identify data needs that are biome specific, such as photosynthetic quantum efficiency at high latitudes. We recommend that future data collection efforts balance the bias of past measurements toward aboveground processes in temperate biomes with the sensitivities of different processes as represented by ecosystem models. ©2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Preparation of an Organometallic Molecular Square by Self‐Assembly of Phosphorus‐Containing Building Blocks
Authors: Malberg Jennifer , Bodensteiner Michael , Paul Daniel , Wiegand Thomas , Eckert Hellmut , Wolf Robert 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMolecular squares are among the most common supramolecular architectures, but phospha‐organometallic complexes have not been used as building blocks for this type of structure. Herein we describe the formation of the molecular square [Au{Co(P2C2tBu2)2}]4 (1) by the self‐assembly of anionic 1,3‐diphosphacyclobutadiene cobalt complexes and gold(I) cations. The X‐ray crystallographic determination of the molecular structure of 1 is complemented by solid‐state 31P and 13C NMR investigations. High‐level DFT calculations confirm the assignment of the 31P and 13C NMR resonances.
Direct Arylation of N‐Heteroarenes with Aryldiazonium Salts by Photoredox Catalysis in Water
Authors: Xue Dong , Jia Zhi‐Hui , Zhao Cong‐Jun , Zhang Yan‐Yan , Wang Chao , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA highly effective visible light‐promoted “radical‐type” coupling of N‐heteroarenes with aryldiazonium salts in water has been developed. The reaction proceeds at room temperature with [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2⋅6 H2O as a photosensitizer and a commercial household light bulb as a light source. Pyridine and a variety of substituted pyridines are effective substrates under these reaction conditions, and only monosubstituted products are formed with different regioselectivities. Using aqueous formic acid as solvent, an array of xanthenes, thiazole, pyrazine, and pyridazine are compatible with this new arylation approach. The broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and use of water as reaction solvent make this procedure a practical and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of compounds containing aryl‐heteroaryl motifs.
Ein synthetisches Kaffeearoma
Authors: Priesner Claus 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAusgelöst durch die Erfahrungen des Ersten Weltkrieges initiierte Hermann Staudinger 1922 zusammen mit seinem Schüler Tadeusz Reichstein die Isolierung des Aromas von Bohnenkaffe und die Synthese eines künstlichen, als “Coffarom” bezeichneten, Ersatzaromas. Die Forschungen wurden ab 1928 in enger Zusammenarbeit mit Max Kerschbaum von der in der Aromastoff‐Fabrikation führenden deutschen Firma Haarmann und Reimer durchgeführt. 1932 beendete Reichstein seine Arbeiten, ohne ein dem natürlichen Kaffeearoma annähernd gleichwertiges künstliches Aroma gefunden zu haben. Die von der Nahrungsmittelindustrie finanzierten Arbeiten waren zwar wirtschaftlich kein Erfolg, sind aber als herausragende mikrochemische Leistungen von Bedeutung für die Chemiegeschichte und stellen auch ein bemerkenswertes Beispiel für die Verbindung von universitärer Grundlagenforschung und wirtschaftlich ausgerichteter Zweckforschung dar. Anstatt des “Coffaroms” eroberte der von Max Morgenthaler bei der Firma Nestlé erfundene “Nescafé” den Weltmarkt.