bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swept area theory: an approach in nonlinear and switched network analysis
Authors: Barcellona Simone , Superti‐Furga Gabrio 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIn this work, according to the concept of ‘area’ on the v–i plane, a new approach called swept area theory, under both nonlinear continuous and discontinuous conditions, is developed. Novel conservative functions, such as area velocity and closed area over time (CAT), involved in this theory, are proposed. An analysis is carried out, by means of these functions, over nonlinear R, L, and C elements and over the ideal switch. In addition, jump discontinuities are discussed in detail. The CAT is related to the harmonic reactive powers and under sinusoidal steady state becomes proportional to the classical reactive power. A balance rule concerning harmonic reactive powers over nonlinear resistor under continuous conditions is obtained and discussed as a novel interesting result. This aspect impacts on a possible expanded definition of reactive power under distorted conditions. Thanks to the switching power, a novel quantitative relation between hard‐switching commutations and CAT is obtained, with both theoretical and applicative relevance. More explanation is presented through a demonstration that shows how an ideal switch and power converters can become sources of reactive power. Issues of principle regarding the ideal switch model with respect to the real one are another important result of this work. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aerosol‐Assisted Chemical‐Vapour Deposition of Zinc Oxide from Single‐Source β‐Iminoesterate Precursors
Authors: Manzi Joe A. , Knapp Caroline E. , Parkin Ivan P. , Carmalt Claire J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSingle‐source zinc β‐iminoesterate precursors have been used for the first time in the aerosol‐assisted chemical‐vapour deposition (AACVD) of ZnO thin films. Depositions at 450 °C on silica‐coated glass substrates produced strongly adherent films with excellent coverage of the substrate. The zinc β‐iminoesterates [Zn(L1)2] (1) and [Zn(L2)2] (2) were synthesised by the reaction between ZnEt2 and 2 equiv. of a synthesised β‐iminoester ligand CH3C[NHCH(CH3)2]CHC(O)OCH2CH3 (L1) and CH3C(NHCH3)CHC(O)OCH2CH3 (L2). The synthesised complexes were isolated and characterised by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and thermal gravitational analysis (TGA). The structures of the compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The ZnO films deposited from 1 and 2 were analyzed by glancing‐angle X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and their optical properties determined by UV/Vis/NIR transmission spectroscopy. These results reveal that the organic ligand attached to the N moiety of the zinc complex has a significant effect on the level of carbon incorporated into the deposited thin film. Upon annealing, highly transparent hexagonal wurtzite ZnO thin films were produced.
Recent evidence on omega 6 fatty acids and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Poli Andrea , Visioli Francesco 
Published: June 2015

As evidence accumulates, our knowledge of the role of individual fatty acids in cardiovascular disease improves. This re‐evaluation is being applied to poly‐ (PUFAs) and mono‐ (MUFAs) unsaturated fatty acids. Among the former, omega 6 (or n‐6) fatty acids from vegetables and seed oils have always been labeled as cardioprotective. However, this notion was challenged in the 80s, when in vitro data on the high oxidizability of omega 6 fatty acids, their potential pro‐inflammatory effects purportedly due to the formation of prostaglandins, and their hypothesized competition for the same enzymes that elongate and desaturate omega 3 fatty acids cast doubts on their healthful roles and even led to the suggestion to limit their dietary intake. As outlined in this review and based on the most recent studies, this is most probably not the case: indeed, adequate intakes of omega 6 fatty acids appear to be extremely helpful in CHD risk reduction and a hypothetical reduction of omega 6 intake by the population at large would actually increase CHD risk.Main biological effects of omega 6 fatty acids.
Paper‐Based Electronic Tongue
Authors: Witkowska Nery Emilia , Guimarães Jéssica A. , Kubota Lauro T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe present a low cost paper‐based electronic tongue capable of discriminating forged water samples. System comprises of 4 paper‐based potentiometric sensors (sensitive to Cl−, Na+/K+, Ca2+/Mg2+, ${{\rm NO}{{- \hfill \atop 3\hfill}}}$) and a traditional Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Different electrode materials and methods of insulation were tested with best results obtained for pencil graphite and lamination. The presented electronic tongue was able to distinguish tap and lake water from mineral water samples (PCA – Principal Component Analysis and KNN  K‐nearest neighbour). In total 14 different water samples were used in this study. Sensors presented good signal repeatability, selectivity and reasonable sensitivity.
Adsorption of Cadmium on Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Freshwater Conditions – A Chemodynamic Study
Authors: Vale Gonçalo , Franco Cristiana , Brunnert Anna M. , Correia dos Santos Margarida M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe adsorption of Cd onto two titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) with distinct crystalline phases and sizes was investigated in conditions that can be found in freshwater systems (I=0.01 M, pH 6.0–8.5). Cd dynamic speciation was assessed by two distinct electroanalytical techniques: absence of gradients and nernstian equilibrium stripping (AGNES) and scanned stripping chronopotentiometry (SSCP). With both NPs, 1 : 1 CdTiO2 homogeneous and labile surface complexes are formed. To our knowledge this is the first study about the dynamic nature of the nTiO2 surface complexes formed in the presence of Cd.
Electrode Modification Using Alkynyl Substituted Fe(II) Phthalocyanine via Electrografting and Click Chemistry for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Nxele Siphesihle Robin , Mashazi Philani , Nyokong Tebello 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this work, tetrakis(5‐hexyn‐oxy)Fe(II) phthalocyanine was synthesised in order to perform a click reaction between the terminal alkyne groups and an azide group on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. An azide group was formed on the electrode surface following electrografting using 4‐azidobenzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate by electrochemical reduction. The Cu(I) catalyzed alkyne‐azide Huisgen cycloaddition reaction was then employed in order to react the terminal alkyne groups on the phthalocyanine with the azide groups on the GCE surface. The modified electrode was employed to catalyse the oxidation of hydrazine. The electrode showed good electrocatalytic ability towards the detection of hydrazine with a sensitivity of 15.38 µA mM−1 and a limit of detection of 1.09 µM.
Amperometric Folic Acid Quantification Using a Supramolecular Tetraruthenated Nickel Porphyrin µ‐Peroxo‐Bridged Matrix Modified Electrode Associated to Batch Injection Analysis
Authors: Ferreira Luís M. C. , Martins Paulo R. , Araki Koiti , Toma Henrique H. , Angnes Lúcio 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA supramolecular Nickel (II) porphyrin complex containing four pyridyl‐bis(2,2′‐bipyridyl)chloro ruthenium meso substituents was submitted to successive voltammetric cycles in high alkaline media to produce a supramolecular matrix with Nickel centers linked by µ‐peroxo bridges, producing a highly stable thin film able to act as redox mediator for electrocatalytic oxidation of folic acid. The characterization of electrode surface material was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The modified electrode was inserted into a batch injection electrochemical cell used for the rapid and precise quantification of folic acid in pharmaceutical products. The favorable hydrodynamic conditions provided by amperometry‐BIA association allowed a very high throughput with good linear range (1 to 200 µmol L−1) and low detection limit (7.37×10−7 mol L−1). The electrochemical method was applied to the quantification of folic acid in different tablet samples. The results were comparable with values indicated by the manufacturer and those found using high HPLC according to the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia; commercial samples were submitted to a procedure in order to remove lactose of tablets, since carbohydrates act as interfering species. This procedure together with the electrochemical method showed to be simple, rapid, efficient and an appropriate alternative for quantifying this compound in real samples.
Determination of Allura Red and Tartrazine in Food Samples by Sequential Injection Analysis Combined with Voltammetric Detection at Antimony Film Electrode
Authors: Rodríguez J. A. , Juárez M. G. , Galán‐Vidal C. A. , Miranda J. M. , Barrado E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn antimony film electrode prepared on‐line and installed as part of a sequential injection system, was used as an electrochemical detector to determine azo dyes in food samples. The influence of several flow variables were evaluated using a central composite design. In optimal conditions, the linear range of the calibration curve varied from 1–5 µM, with a limit of detection limit of 0.3 µM. The relative standard deviation of analytical repeatability was <5.0 %.The method was validated by comparing the results obtained with those provided by HPLC; no significant difference were seen.
Digital landscapes of deglaciation: identifying Late Quaternary glacial lake outburst floods using LiDAR
Authors: Thorndycraft Varyl R. , Cripps Jonathan E. , Eades Gwilym L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHigh resolution DEMs obtained from LiDAR topographic data have led to improved landform inventories (e.g. landslides and fault scarps) and understanding of geomorphic event frequency. Here we use airborne LiDAR mapping to investigate meltwater pathways associated with the Tweed Valley palaeo ice‐stream (UK). In particular we focus on a gorge downstream of Palaeolake Milfield, previously mapped as a sub‐glacial meltwater channel, where the identification of abandoned headcut channels, run‐up bars, rock‐cut terrace surfaces and eddy flow features attest to formation by a sub‐aerial glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) caused by breaching of a sediment dam, likely an esker ridge. Mapping of these landforms combined with analysis of the gorge rim elevations and cross‐section variability revealed a two phase event with another breach site downstream following flow blockage by higher elevation drumlin topography. We estimate the magnitude of peak flow to be 1–3 × 103 m3/s, duration of the event to range from 16–155 days, and a specific sediment yield of 107–109 m3/km2/yr. We identified other outburst pathways in the lower Tweed basin that help delineate an ice margin position of the retreating Tweed Valley ice stream. The results suggest that low magnitude outburst floods are under‐represented in Quaternary geomorphological maps. We therefore recommend regional LiDAR mapping of meltwater pathways to identify other GLOFs in order to better quantify the pattern of freshwater and sediment fluxes from melting ice sheets to oceans. Despite the relatively low magnitude of the Till outburst event, it had a significant impact on the landscape development of the lower Tweed Valley through the creation of a new tributary pathway and triggering of rapid knickpoint retreat encouraging new regional models of post‐glacial fluvial landscape response. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
О,О‐Dialkyl‐S‐(1,1‐dimethyl‐2‐oxoethyl)dithiophosphates: Synthesis and Reactions with n‐Nucleophiles
Authors: Gazizov Mukattis B. , Khairullin Rafail A. , Aksenov Nikita G. , Sinyashin Oleg G. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTHydrolysis of the new types of iminium salts was used to synthesize О,О‐dialkyl‐S‐(1,1‐dimethyl‐2‐oxoethyl)dithiophosphates or 2‐dialkoxythiophosphorylthio‐substituted aldehydes with carbon isochain. Reactions of aldehydes with N‐, N,N‐, and O,N‐nucleophiles gave new phosphorylated imines containing an acetal group at different positions, perhydro‐1,3‐diazol and oxazol with the diisopropoxythiophosphorylthio group in a side chain, and hydrazone of this aldehyde and diphenylphosphinylacetic acid hydrazide.
Childhood Obesity and Cognitive Achievement
Authors: Black Nicole , Johnston David W. , Peeters Anna 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObese children tend to perform worse academically than normal‐weight children. If poor cognitive achievement is truly a consequence of childhood obesity, this relationship has significant policy implications. Therefore, an important question is to what extent can this correlation be explained by other factors that jointly determine obesity and cognitive achievement in childhood? To answer this question, we exploit a rich longitudinal dataset of Australian children, which is linked to national assessments in math and literacy. Using a range of estimators, we find that obesity and body mass index are negatively related to cognitive achievement for boys but not girls. This effect cannot be explained by sociodemographic factors, past cognitive achievement or unobserved time‐invariant characteristics and is robust to different measures of adiposity. Given the enormous importance of early human capital development for future well‐being and prosperity, this negative effect for boys is concerning and warrants further investigation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Experience of Insight Follows Incubation in the Compound Remote Associates Task
Authors: Morrison Robert G. , McCarthy Sean W. , Molony John M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe phenomenon of insight is frequently characterized by the experience of a sudden and certain solution. Anecdotal accounts suggest that insight frequently occurs after the problem solver has taken some time away from the problem (i.e., incubation). However, the mechanism by which incubation may facilitate insight problem‐solving remains unclear. Here, we used compound remote associates problems to explore the likely mechanisms by which incubation may facilitate problem‐solving. First, we manipulated problem fixation to explore whether forgetting can explain incubation effects. Second, leveraging previous work linking the experience of insight to unconscious semantic integration, we asked participants to report their experience of insight after each problem solution, including problems solved after a period of distracted incubation. We hypothesized that incubation was not principally important for forgetting but rather frequently causes a shift to a more unconscious semantic integration strategy. Consistent with this we found that initial problem fixation did not predict the improvement in problem‐solving after incubation and that participants were more likely to report insight on problems solved after incubation. Our findings suggest that incubation may facilitate insight problem‐solving leading to a mind‐set shift to a more unconscious problem‐solving strategy involving semantic integration.
Revised human impact in north‐western Germany during the Neolithic: methodological limits and challenges
Authors: KRAMER ANNETTE , BITTMANN FELIX 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe present study aims to improve our understanding of the chronology of vegetation changes in north‐western Germany during the Neolithic. Therefore, four archived peat profiles from small mires that had been pollen analysed and partly conventionally radiocarbon dated during the 1990s were re‐evaluated. Based on new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates, there are considerable differences between the existing and the newly developed age–depth models. These are also caused by the exclusion of pollen events that were previously assumed to be synchronous, and results from archaeological investigations as dating horizons, hence avoiding circular reasoning in the present study. In addition to the re‐evaluation of archived material, a new profile was recovered, pollen analysed and AMS radiocarbon dated to gain insights into the regional vegetation development and to put local human impact on the landscape in a broader context. The results indicate three different phases of human‐induced vegetation changes. The local vegetation changes do not follow this general pattern, but reflect a very patchy landscape which in turn probably refers to quite small pollen source areas. The study emphasizes that vegetation changes seen in local pollen profiles should neither be regarded as general trends nor be used as dating horizons for neighbouring sites.
The hippocampal commissure: a new finding at prenatal 3D ultrasound in fetuses with isolated complete agenesis of the corpus callosum
Authors: Contro E. , Nanni M. , Bellussi F. , Salsi G. , Grisolia G. , Sanz‐Cortès M. , Righini A. , Rizzo N. , Pilu G. , Ghi T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this research was to determine the prevalence and sonographic appearance of the hippocampal commissure in fetuses with isolated complete agenesis of the corpus callosum by three‐dimensional neurosonography in the multiplanar mode.MethodsThis was a multicenter observational study. Stored volume datasets of fetuses with isolated complete agenesis of the corpus were retrospectively retrieved for analysis in three tertiary centers. The presence or absence of the hippocampal commissure was independently evaluated in the coronal and midsagittal planes by two operators. Postnatal follow‐up was obtained in all cases.ResultsFrom November 2007 to February 2013, 41 cases between 19 and 30 weeks of gestation were retrieved for analysis. The hippocampal commissure was visible in the coronal and sagittal planes in 27/41 (65.8%), absent or not clearly recognizable in the remaining 14 cases. The qualitative analysis of the two operators was concordant in 100% of cases.ConclusionsIn more than half of fetuses with complete callosal agenesis, the hippocampal commissure may be visualized at prenatal ultrasound. This is a residual interhemispheric connection, which in normal cases is hidden by the corpus callosum itself. Further research is needed to establish if this has an impact on postnatal outcome. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactions between centralized and decentralized water systems in urban context: A review
Authors: Arora Meenakshi , Malano Hector , Davidson Brian , Nelson Rebecca , George Biju 
Published: June 2015

This study presents a comprehensive review of the literature on implementation of various decentralized water systems along with centralized systems. The review highlights the benefits provided by these systems as well as various challenges posed associated with them. There are complex interactions involved within the water systems in an urban setting that are multidimensional and span over various aspects of water availability, quality, energy use, environmental, legal, economic, and social sectors. Although there are many economic, environmental, and social benefits associated with decentralized systems, there are some hidden challenges that are generally overlooked by planners and managers; these include the spatial integration of such systems, their energy intensity, social, economic, and environmental viability of these systems. Decisions to implement decentralized water systems require decision makers to consider economic, social, and environmental dimensions conjointly through an appropriate multicriteria decision analysis to select the hybrid water supply combination optimal for the given circumstances. The existing studies and tools are unable to address these factors using an integrated approach. So a holistic framework to evaluate and compare various water supply options in terms of energy use, social, economic, and environmental impacts is required to assess such systems in comprehensive manner. WIREs Water 2015, 2:623–634. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1099This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Effect of Registered Partnership on Labor Earnings and Fertility for Same-Sex Couples: Evidence From Swedish Register Data
Authors: Aldén Lina , Edlund Lena , Hammarstedt Mats , Mueller-Smith Michael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe expansion of legal rights to same-sex couples is afoot in a number of Western countries. The effects of this rollout are not only important in their own right but can also provide a window on the institution of marriage and the rights bundled therein. In this article, using Swedish longitudinal register data covering 1994–2007, we study the impact of the extension of rights to same-sex couples on labor earnings and fertility. In 1994, registered partnership for same-sex couples was introduced, which conferred almost all rights and obligations of marriage—a notable exception being joint legal parenting, by default or election. The latter was added in the 2002 adoption act. We find registered partnership to be important to both gays and lesbians but for different reasons. For gays, resource pooling emerges as the main function of registered partnerships. For lesbians, registered partnership appears to be an important vehicle for family formation, especially after the 2002 adoption act. In contrast to heterosexual couples (included for comparison), we find no evidence of household specialization among lesbians. The lack of specialization is noteworthy given similar fertility effects of registered partnership (after 2002) and the fact that lesbian couples were less assortatively matched (on education) than heterosexual couples—children and unequal earnings power being two factors commonly believed to promote specialization.
Deictic motion verbs in Pashto: to whom shall we come?
Authors: Pate David 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates the uses of the deictic motion verbs in Pashto. First, the paper focuses on the Pashto verbs COME and GO. The Pashto COME verb is unique in that it requires a directional person marker. These person markers are used in specific situations, which are outlined in this paper. Furthermore, the verbal person marker and the dative argument of the motion verb can differ in person. Such person “mismatches” are explained in terms of ascendance on the Person Hierarchy and of a semantic understanding of person. Second, this paper shows that the phenomenon of directional person markers extends to all Pashto motion verbs. Finally, the paper briefly discusses how Pashto COME and GO do not align with cross-linguistic analyses of COME and GO verbs in other languages. This misalignment is credited to the unique three-way deictic split of COME.
Effects of mouse predation on burrowing petrel chicks at Gough Island
Authors: Dilley Ben J. , Davies Delia , Bond Alexander L. , Ryan Peter G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSince 2004 there has been mounting evidence of the severe impact of introduced house mice (Mus musculusL.) killing chicks of burrow-nesting petrels at Gough Island. We monitored seven species of burrow-nesting petrels in 2014 using a combination of infra-red video cameras augmented by burrowscope nest inspections. All seven camera-monitored Atlantic petrel (Pterodroma incertaSchlegel) chicks were killed by mice within hours of hatching (average 7.2±4.0 hours) with an 87% chick failure rate (n=83 hatchlings). Several grey petrel (Procellaria cinereaGmelin) chicks were found with mouse wounds and 60% of chicks failed (n=35 hatchlings). Video surveillance revealed one (of seven nests filmed) fatal attack on a great shearwater (Puffinus gravisO’Reilly) chick and two (of nine) on soft-plumaged petrel (Pterodroma mollisGould) chicks. Mice killed the chicks of the recently discovered summer-breeding MacGillivray’s prion (Pachyptila macgillivrayiMathews), with a chick mortality rate of 82% in 2013/14 and 100% in 2014/15. The closely-related broad-billed prion (P. vittataForster) breeds in late winter and also had a chick mortality rate of 100% in 2014. The results provide further evidence of the dire situation for seabirds nesting on Gough Island and the urgent need for mouse eradication.