bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Hurricane Intensity and Associated Hazards: A Five-Year Real-Time Forecast Experiment with Assimilation of Airborne Doppler Radar Observations
Authors: Zhang Fuqing , Weng Yonghui 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Performance in the prediction of hurricane intensity and associated hazards has been evaluated for a newly developed convection-permitting forecast system that uses ensemble data assimilation techniques to ingest high-resolution airborne radar observations from the inner core. This system performed well for three of the ten costliest Atlantic hurricanes: Ike (2008), Irene (2011), and Sandy (2012). Four to five days before these storms made landfall, the system produced good deterministic and probabilistic forecasts of not only track and intensity, but also of the spatial distributions of surface wind and rainfall. Averaged over all 102 applicable cases that have inner-core airborne Doppler radar observations during 2008–2012, the system reduced the day-2-to-day-4 intensity forecast errors by 25%–28% compared to the corresponding National Hurricane Center’s official forecasts (which have seen little or no decrease in intensity forecast errors over the past two decades). Empowered by sufficient computing resources, advances in both deterministic and probabilistic hurricane prediction will enable emergency management officials, the private sector, and the general public to make more informed decisions that minimize the losses of life and property.
Cerebrospinal fluid total protein cannot reliably distinguish true subarachnoid haemorrhage from other causes of raised cerebrospinal fluid net bilirubin and net oxyhaemoglobin absorbances
Authors: Birch Katherine , Burrows Gillian , Cruickshank Anne , Egner William , Holbrook Ian , Lewis Emma , McNeilly Jane , Patel Dina , Worthington Viki 
Published: May 2014

Background In cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spectrophotometry, if the net bilirubin absorbance (NBA) and net oxyhaemoglobin absorbance (NOA) are both raised with a visible oxyhaemoglobin peak, the revised national guidelines for analysis of CSF bilirubin advise interpreting the results as ‘Consistent with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)’ regardless of the CSF total protein concentration of the specimen. We wanted to study the range of CSF total protein concentrations found in confirmed SAH to establish if the CSF total protein value can give further guidance on the likelihood of SAH. Methods Consecutive cases from five different hospital sites were included if the CSF NBA was greater than 0.007 AU and the NOA was greater than 0.02 AU with a visible oxyhaemoglobin peak. For the cases identified, the laboratory information management system and patient records were interrogated to identify the total protein concentration of the CSF specimen and whether SAH had ultimately been confirmed or excluded by other methods and supporting evidence. Results Results from 132 patients were included. The CSF total protein range in confirmed SAH was 0.23–3.08 g/L with a median concentration of 0.7 g/L (n = 51). In the SAH excluded group, the CSF total protein range was 0.43–29 g/L with a median concentration of 1.9 g/L (n = 81). Conclusions Although confirmed SAH was not associated with the very highest concentrations of CSF total protein, a definite CSF protein cut-off concentration above which SAH could reliably be excluded cannot be recommended.
Rapid Systematic Review of the Epley Maneuver versus Vestibular Rehabilitation for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Wegner Inge , Niesten Marlien E. F. , van Werkhoven Cornelis H. , Grolman Wilko 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of the Epley maneuver compared with vestibular rehabilitation on patient‐reported symptom relief and conversion of the Dix‐Hallpike from positive to negative in patients with posterior benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (p‐BPPV).Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library.Review MethodsA systematic search was conducted. Studies reporting original study data were included. Relevance and risk of bias (RoB) of the selected articles were assessed. Studies with low relevance, high RoB, or both were excluded. For outcomes of interest, absolute risk differences and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted.ResultsA total of 373 unique studies were retrieved. Five of these satisfied the eligibility criteria. One study with low RoB and 3 studies with moderate RoB showed that the Epley maneuver is more effective than vestibular rehabilitation at 1‐week follow‐up with regard to patient‐reported symptom relief and conversion of the Dix‐Hallpike maneuver from positive to negative (risk differences range from 10% [95% CI, 30‐47] to 55% [95% CI, 35‐71]). There is inconsistent evidence for the effectiveness of the Epley maneuver compared with vestibular rehabilitation at 1‐month follow‐up. Most studies suggest that the Epley maneuver and vestibular rehabilitation are equally effective at 1‐month follow‐up.ConclusionThe Epley maneuver is more effective in treating p‐BPPV than vestibular rehabilitation at 1‐week follow‐up. There is inconsistent evidence for the effectiveness of the Epley maneuver compared with vestibular rehabilitation at 1‐month follow‐up.
Management, clinical outcomes, and complications of acute cannula-related peripheral vein phlebitis of the upper extremity: A retrospective study
Authors: Dunda SE , Demir E , Mefful OJ , Grieb G , Bozkurt A , Pallua N 
Published: May 2014

Objective Acute phlebitis due to peripheral vein catheter use is frequently observed in clinical practice, and requires surgical therapy in severe cases. In this retrospective study, we aimed to increase awareness, evaluate current treatment options, and develop recommendations to optimize treatment outcomes. Methods A total of 240 hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of upper extremity phlebitis from 2006 to 2011 were evaluated in terms of initial clinical features, parameters, co-morbidities and treatment regimes. Severity of phlebitis was graded according to the Baxter scale by assessing clinical symptoms such as pain, erythema, induration, swelling, or palpable venous cord (grade 0–5). Patients were divided in two subgroups: conservative ( n = 132) and operative ( n = 108) treatment. Results Surgical intervention rates and severity were higher for cannula insertion in the cubital fossa region than for cannula insertion in the forearm and hand region ( p < 0.05). Baxter scale grades were higher in the surgical treatment group than in the conservative treatment group (4.47 vs. 2.67, respectively). Conclusions The cubital fossa region is vulnerable to severe phlebitis and is not recommended as the first site of choice for cannulation. Phlebitis of Baxter scale grade 4 or 5 should be considered for early surgical intervention.
Increased VIP levels in peripheral blood outside migraine attacks as a potential biomarker of cranial parasympathetic activation in chronic migraine
Authors: Cernuda-Morollón Eva , Martínez-Camblor Pablo , Alvarez Rocío , Larrosa Davinia , Ramón César , Pascual J 
Published: May 2014

Aim The aim of this article is to determine vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels outside migraine attacks in peripheral blood as a potential biomarker for chronic migraine (CM). Methods Women older than 17 and diagnosed as CM were recruited. Matched healthy women with no headache history and women with episodic migraine (EM) served as control groups, together with a series of patients with episodic cluster headache in a pain-free period. VIP levels were determined in blood samples obtained from the right antecubital vein by ELISA outside a migraine attack, the patients having taken no symptomatic medication the day before. For ethical reasons, preventives were not stopped. Results We assessed plasma samples from 119 women with CM, 33 healthy women, 51 matched women with EM and 18 patients (16 males) with cluster headache matched for age. VIP levels were significantly increased in CM (165.1 pg/ml) as compared to control healthy women (88.5 pg/ml) and episodic cluster headache patients (101.1 pg/ml). VIP levels in EM (134.9 pg/ml) were significantly higher compared to controls and numerically lower than those of CM. Thresholds of 71.8 and 164.5 pg/ml optimized the sensitivity and specificity to differentiate CM from healthy controls and EM, respectively. Variables such as age, CM duration, the presence of aura, analgesic overuse, depression, fibromyalgia, vascular risk factors, history of triptan consumption or kind of preventive treatment did not significantly influence VIP levels. Conclusion Increased interictal VIP level measured in peripheral blood could be a biomarker helping in CM diagnosis, though it does not clearly differentiate between EM and CM.
Reduced incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients: A new insight into the efficacy of the ventilator care bundle
Authors: Mukhtar Ahmed , Zaghlol Ahmed , Mansour Ramadan , Hasanin Ahmed , El-Adawy Akram , Mohamed Hossam , Ali Mai 
Published: May 2014

Introduction: There has been a dramatic recent increase in the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We investigated the effect of implementation of a ventilator care bundle on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a cohort of trauma patients. Methods: A ventilator care bundle was implemented after a 7-month baseline period. Ventilator-associated pneumonia rates, rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus acquisition, rates of vancomycin administration, intensive care unit lengths of stay, and durations of mechanical ventilation were prospectively recorded for 10 months. Results: Use of a ventilator care bundle was associated with a reduced incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia from 42 cases per 1000 ventilator days (95% confidence interval: 17–83) in the pre-intervention group to 19 (95% confidence interval: 11–34) cases per 1000 ventilator days in the post-intervention group ( p = 0.04). The rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus acquisition was significantly different in the pre-intervention group (27%) and the post-intervention group (3.9%) ( p < 0.001). Relative to the pre-intervention period, there was a significant reduction in the duration of mechanical ventilation ( p = 0.03) and length of intensive care unit stay during the post-intervention period ( p = 0.015). Conclusion: The incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus-ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients could be reduced by implementation of a ventilator care bundle.
Up-regulation of CNDP2 facilitates the proliferation of colon cancer
Authors: Xue Conglong , Zhang Zhenwei , Yu Honglan , Yu Miao , Yuan Kaitao , Yang Ting , Miao Mingyong , Shi Hanping 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Cytosolic nonspecific dipetidase (CN2) belongs to the family of M20 metallopeptidases. It was stated in previous articles that higher expression levels of CN2 were observed in renal cell carcinoma and breast cancer. Our study explored the correlation between CN2 and colon carcinogenesis.

Methods
We analysed the relationship between 183 patients clinicopathological characteristics and its CN2 expression. To detect the levels of CN2 in colon cancer cell lines and colon cancer tissues by western blot. To verify cell proliferation in colon cancer cells with knockdown of CNDP2 and explore the causes of these phenomena.

Results
The expression levels of CN2 in clinical colon tumors and colon cancer cell lines were significantly higher than that in normal colon mucosa and colon cell lines. The difference in CN2 levels was associated with tumor location (right- and left-sided colon cancer), but there was no significant association with age, gender, tumor size, tumor grade, tumor stage or serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Knockdown of CNDP2 inhibited cell proliferation, blocked cell cycle progression and retarded carcinogenesis in an animal model. The signaling pathway through which knockdown of CNDP2 inhibited cell proliferation and tumorigenesis involved in EGFR, cyclin B1 and cyclin E.

Conclusions
Knockdown of CNDP2 can inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer in vitro and retarded carcinogenesis in vivo.
Dendrimers: synthesis, applications, and properties
Authors: Abbasi Elham , Aval Sedigheh Fekri , Akbarzadeh Abolfazl , Milani Morteza , Nasrabadi Hamid Tayefi , Joo Sang Woo , Hanifehpour Younes , Nejati-Koshki Kazem , Pashaei-Asl Roghiyeh 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Dendrimers are nano-sized, radially symmetric molecules with well-defined, homogeneous, and monodisperse structure that has a typically symmetric core, an inner shell, and an outer shell. Their three traditional macromolecular architectural classes are broadly recognized to generate rather polydisperse products of different molecular weights. A variety of dendrimers exist, and each has biological properties such as polyvalency, self-assembling, electrostatic interactions, chemical stability, low cytotoxicity, and solubility. These varied characteristics make dendrimers a good choice in the medical field, and this review covers their diverse applications.
Circulating cytokines in predicting development of severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Nieminen Anne , Maksimow Mikael , Mentula Panu , Kyhälä Lea , Kylänpää Leena , Puolakkainen Pauli , Kemppainen Esko , Repo Heikki , Salmi Marko 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Severe acute pancreatitis (AP) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early prediction of severe AP is needed to improve patient outcomes. The aim of the present study was to find novel cytokines or combinations of cytokines that can be used for the early identification of patients with AP at risk for severe disease.

Methods
We performed a prospective study of 163 nonconsecutive patients with AP, of whom 25 had severe AP according to the revised Atlanta criteria. Admission serum levels of 48 cytokines and growth factors were determined using Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine Assay 21-plex and 27-plex magnetic bead suspension panels. Admission plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine and calcium were measured for comparison. In subgroup analyses, we assessed the cytokine profiles of patients with severe AP (n = 14) who did not have organ dysfunction (OD) upon admission (modified Marshall score <2).

Results
Of 14 cytokines elevated in the severe AP group, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels were independent prognostic markers of severe AP. IL-6, HGF and a combination of them predicted severe AP with sensitivities of 56.0%, 60.0% and 72.0%, respectively, and specificities of 90.6%, 92.8% and 89.9%, respectively. The corresponding positive likelihood ratio (LR+) values were 5.9, 8.3 and 7.1, respectively. The predictive values of CRP, creatinine and calcium were comparable to those of the cytokines. In subgroup analyses of patients with severe AP and without OD upon admission, we found that IL-8, HGF and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels predicted the development of severe AP, with G-CSF being the most accurate cytokine at a sensitivity of 35.7%, a specificity of 96.1% and a LR+ of 9.1.

Conclusions
IL-6 and HGF levels upon admission have prognostic value for severe AP which is similar to levels of CRP, creatinine and calcium. Although IL-6 and HGF, as either single or combined markers, were not perfect in identifying patients at risk for severe AP, the possibility that combining them with novel prognostic markers other than cytokines might improve prognostic accuracy needs to be studied. The accuracy of IL-8, HGF and G-CSF levels in predicting severe AP in patients without clinical signs of OD upon admission warrants larger studies.
The role of preexisting fractures and faults during multistage hydraulic fracturing in the Bakken Formation
Authors: Yang Yi , Zoback Mark D. 
Published: May 2014

We performed an integrated study of multistage hydraulic fracture stimulation of two parallel horizontal wells in the Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin, North Dakota. There are three distinct parts of this study: development of a geomechanical model for the study area, interpretation of multiarray downhole recordings of microseismic events, and interpretation of hydraulic fracturing data in a geomechanical context. We estimated the current stress state to be characterized by an NF/SS regime, with [Formula: see text] oriented approximately [Formula: see text]. The microseismic events were recorded in six vertical observation wells during hydraulic fracturing of parallel wells X and Z with three unusual aspects. First, rather than occurring in proximity to the stages being pressurized, many of the events occurred along the length of well Y, a parallel well located between wells X and Z that had been in production for approximately [Formula: see text] years at the time X and Z were stimulated. Second, relatively few fracturing stages were associated with an elongated cloud of events trending in the direction of [Formula: see text] as was commonly observed during hydraulic fracturing. Instead, the microseismic events in a few stages appeared to trend approximately [Formula: see text], approximately 30° from the direction of [Formula: see text]. Earthquake focal plane mechanisms confirmed slip on faults with this orientation. Finally, the microseismic events were clustered at two distinct depths: one near the depth of the well being pressurized in the Middle Bakken Formation and the other approximately [Formula: see text] above in the Mission Canyon Formation. We proposed that steeply dipping N75°E striking faults with a combination of normal and strike-slip movement were being stimulated during hydraulic fracturing and provided conduits for pore pressure to be transmitted to the overlaying formations. We tested a simple geomechanical analysis to illustrate how this occurred in the context of the stress field, pore pressure, and depletion in the vicinity of well Y.
In search of a cheerful lament: ‘Bizarre partners’ in an a/r/tographic community of practice
Authors: Holbrook Teri , Pourchier Nicole M. , Zoss Michelle , White Alisha M. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this a/r/tographic fable, four literacy education researchers convey the complexities encountered when they struck out to challenge scholarly norms that erased image-making from academic writing practices. Working from different paradigms – pragmatic, critical and postmodern – they formed an enquiry group with an a priori stance of ‘yes’ to each other’s positions and explorations. During data analysis and writing, however, the group discovered that consensus/disconsensus acted to both stitch together and fray their collective work. Drawing from a/r/tographic notions of communities of creative practice and Lyotard’s writings on the necessary role of ‘bizarre partners’ in the violence of learning, the authors present one telling of how they worked with ‘confusion and ambiguity’ to create knowledge in the energy generated when ‘contradictions and resistances are faced’.
After a short story, a fable or tale, sketch or exemplum, a moral draws out an unpretentious, localized, and provisional bit of wisdom, soon to be forgotten. Morals often, heedlessly, contradict each other. Together, they make a rustling of maxims, a cheerful lament: that’s life.
Eine biblische (Fundamental-)Theologie des Gottesdienstes in der Pluralität christlicher Liturgien?
Authors: Assel Heinrich , Modeß Johannes 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This contribution is a critical assessment of Gregor Etzelmüller’s habilitation thesis, which was published in 2010 under the title »… zu schauen die schönen Gottesdienste des Herrn«.
Eine biblische Theologie der christlichen Liturgiefamilien.
A presentation of current research trends in systematic theological reflection of worship in ecumenical discourse shows that Etzelmüller chooses an approach of his own. Etzelmüller is not so much interested in the performative character of worship but its basic textual character. He considers the Bible as a decisive pre-text of Christian liturgies and hence responsible for their commonalities; likewise, as a pluralistic library, it is responsible for their differences. Heinrich Assel and Johannes Modeß underline that the broad approach of Etzelmüller’s book opens up new perspectives for liturgical research. They nevertheless critically reflect on some of his methodological decisions and suggest that worship as an event cannot only be understood via (the interpretation of) liturgical texts.
The Philippine Supreme Court and Regime Response, 1970–2000
Authors: Haynie Stacia L. , Dumas Tao L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe behaviour of appellate courts has long fascinated scholars. Specifically, scholars have been attentive to the effect of the political context on judicial outcomes. This paper focuses on the decision-making of the Philippine Supreme Court (“Court”) over multiple decades with particular attention to the influence of changes in the executive branch on the outcomes of cases brought to the Court. The analysis evaluates the decisions of the Court from 1970 through 2000, encompassing the turmoil of the Marcos years through the first few years of the tumultuous tenure of Joseph Estrada. We test the hypothesis, grounded in Galanter’s seminal work, that the government has substantial advantages in the legal system and thus enjoys greater success than other litigants. The government has theoretically unlimited resources with which to litigate, control over the staffing of the bench, and authority over, or at least major influence on, the laws that the courts interpret. As a result, the government is expected to win the majority of the challenges that come before the Court. The Philippines provides an excellent laboratory to test this thesis. In the Marcos era the Court faced a dictator professing “constitutional authoritarianism” whose regime ultimately was toppled by the People Power Revolution. His successor, Corazon Aquino, was initially embraced as the popular wife of an assassinated hero, Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr., but later faced a series of attempts to topple her regime. President Fidel Ramos served for 6 years leading the nation through a period of economic growth. Elected by a wide margin in 1998, President Joseph Estrada quickly lost the confidence of the Filipino people as well as the business and military sectors. By 2001, he was removed from office through political actions which some consider the People Power II. This analysis evaluates the winners and losers before the Philippine Supreme Court across the tenures of these presidencies with particular focus on the ability of the Filipino government to succeed when compared to individuals and businesses and the success of different regimes over time as the executive’s popularity surges and wanes. The results suggest, that like other institutions, the Philippine Supreme Court responded to the rise and fall of the personal politics that dominates the distribution of power in this Asian archipelago.
Agentenbasierte Vorhaltung und Erbringung von
Primärregelleistung
Authors: Blank Marita , Calabria Mauro , Dietz Rene , Fuchs Felix , Klingenberg Thole , Lehnhoff Sebastian , Mertens Axel , Schumacher Walter 
Published: May 2014

Zusammenfassung
Der zunehmende Ausbau regenerativer Energieumwandlungsanlagen im
elektrischen Energieversorgungssystem führt zu einer Verringerung der
residualen Last und damit zu einer Verdrängung konventioneller
Großkraftwerke. Neben der Aufgabe, Leistung im Lastfolgebetrieb auf
Basis von Fahrplänen bereitzustellen, übernehmen diese Kraftwerke
bislang die kritische Aufgabe der Frequenz- und Spannungsregelung im
Stromnetz. Bei einem Ersatz der Kraftwerke durch dezentrale
dargebotsabhängige Erzeugungsanlagen müssen diese in der Lage sein,
die Frequenz- und Spannungsregelung zu übernehmen. In diesem Beitrag
wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, mit denen sich Verbünde solcher Anlagen
zur zuverlässigen Bereitstellung von Primärregelleistung heranziehen
lassen.