bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological Fragmentation of Medical 3D Surface Mesh Models for Multi-Hierarchy Anatomical Classification
Authors: Zwettler Gerald Adam , Backfrieder Werner 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
High resolution 3D mesh representations of patient anatomy with appendant functional classification are of high importance in the field of clinical education and therapy planning. Thereby, classification is not always possible directly from patient morphology, thus necessitating tool support. In this work a hierarchical mesh data model for multi-hierarchy anatomical classification is introduced, allowing labeling of a patient model according to various medical taxonomies. The classification regions are thereby specified utilizing a spline representation to be placed and deformed by a medical expert at low effort. Furthermore, application of randomized dilation allows conversion of the specified regions on the surface into fragmented and closed sub-meshes, comprising the entire anatomical structure. As proof of concept, the semi-automated classification method is implemented for VTK library and visualization of the multi-hierarchy anatomical model is validated with OpenGL, successfully extracting sub-meshes of the brain lobes and preparing classification regions according to Brodmann area taxonomy.
A Comparison of Data Traffic in Standardized Personal Health Monitoring Solutions
Authors: Schuler Andreas , Franz Barbara , Krauss Oliver 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The publication of the HL7-FHIR standard offers new possibilities for integrated applications in healthcare. Although trial implementations have only recently started, the application of FHIR in context of a Personal Health Monitoring solution is worth investigating. Most of the existing telemonitoring solutions in healthcare rely on guidelines defined by the Continua Health Alliance (CHA). This paper compares the requirements of CHA and HL7-FHIR with respect to data traffic between client devices and server side applications. Therefore an existing CHA-compliant telemonitoring solution is extended towards supporting HL7-FHIR. Both approaches were simultaneously evaluated in a live system with 68 participants. The results of the evaluation show that the FHIR approach offers the possibility of reducing data traffic in comparison to the CHA solution.
Optical Tracking System
Authors: Korak Gernot , Kucera Gernot 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The presented optical tracking system allows intuitive controlling and programming of industrial robots by demonstration. The system is engineered with low cost components. Using an active marker (IR-LEDs) in combination with a stereo vision configuration of the camera system and the selection of suitable algorithms for the process chain of the image processing a positioning accuracy in the range of millimeters has been achieved. The communication between the tracking system and the robot is realized by using the TCP/IP protocol via an Ethernet connection.
Analysis of an Adaptive Switching Point for LTE TDD by Dynamic System-Level Simulations
Authors: Backfrieder Christian , Ostermayer Gerald 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper introduces an LTE system level simulator and presents investigations of scenarios with differently balanced traffic emergence between uplink and downlink as well as inhomogeneous distribution of link direction asymmetry. In the TDD mode of LTE, duplexing is implemented via sharing the time domain between uplink and downlink users. This is done by different switching configurations, which offer varying capacity distributions between downlink and uplink, from a downlink-heavy configuration with 90 percent of the capacity in downlink direction to uplink heavy configurations with 60 percent uplink. We utilize the available capacity perfectly by adjusting the link configuration appropriately to traffic emergence. Performance gains when selecting a configuration appropriate to the arising traffic compared to usage of a static configuration with equally distributed capacity are investigated. In case of different configurations, additional interference can occur in neighbored cells due to distinct communication direction at the same time. We clarify the differences between these scenarios and quantify the gains and losses when the switching point between uplink and downlink is variable.
Dynamic RSA Problem for Time-Varying Traffic in Spectrum Sliced Elastic Optical Path Network
Authors: Olszewski Ireneusz 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Service time-varying traffic flexible optical networks require a dynamic bandwidth allocation in order to follow the source transmission rate. The problem of service time-varying traffic, assuming that the set of connection requests is not known in advance, is considered in this work. Connection requests arrive randomly and have random durations. The considered dynamic RSA problem involves minimizing the probability of future connections blocking while maintaining spectrum continuity constraints and non-overlapping spectrum assignment constraints between spectrum-adjacent connections on the network links. The proposed algorithm determines the path with the required number of slots around the reference frequency for a connection request. An analysis of the network with time-varying traffic on the network connections was carried out on the basis of spectrum expansion/contraction schemes which allow to determine average blocking probability of the additional slot requests on these connections. The obtained results have been compared with those obtained by a well known algorithm that solves the dynamic RSA problem.
Numerical Model of Directional Radiation Pattern Based on Primary Antenna Parameters
Authors: Jankowski-Mihułowicz Piotr , Lichoń Wojciech , Węglarski Mariusz 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The new numerical model of directional radiation pattern, in which part of energy is emitted in side and back lobs, has been presented in this paper. The model input values are determined on the base of primary parameters that can be read from the datasheet of used antennas. The special software tool NmAntPat has been elaborated to carry out the described task. The elaborated model, program and output files can be easily implemented into an analysis of radio wave propagation phenomenon in any algorithms and numerical calculations. The comparison of the graphical plots that have been obtained on the base of measurements, producers’ data specification notes and modelling results confirms the model correctness.
A Random Number Generator Using Ring Oscillators and SHA-256 as Post-Processing
Authors: Łoza Szymon , Matuszewski Łukasz , Jessa Mieczysław 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Today, cryptographic security depends primarily on having strong keys and keeping them secret. The keys should be produced by a reliable and robust to external manipulations generators of random numbers. To hamper different attacks, the generators should be implemented in the same chip as a cryptographic system using random numbers. It forces a designer to create a random number generator purely digitally. Unfortunately, the obtained sequences are biased and do not pass many statistical tests. Therefore an output of the random number generator has to be subjected to a transformation called post-processing. In this paper the hash function SHA-256 as post-processing of bits produced by a combined random bit generator using jitter observed in ring oscillators (ROs) is proposed. All components – the random number generator and the SHA-256, are implemented in a single Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). We expect that the proposed solution, implemented in the same FPGA together with a cryptographic system, is more attack-resistant owing to many sources of randomness with significantly different nominal frequencies.
The Analysis of the Influence of Riveting Parameters Specified in Selected Riveting Instructions on Residual Stresses
Authors: Wronicz Wojciech , Kaniowski Jerzy 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The riveting parameters strongly affect residual stresses induced during riveting, which in turn have an impact on the fatigue life of riveted joints. Since rivets are established as critical from the fatigue point of view, the fatigue life of riveted joints often determines the life of the whole structure.
The authors were able to become acquainted with three riveting instructions (process specifications) used by the aerospace companies from western Europe. This work presents the analysis of the riveting parameters' influence on residual stresses around the rivets. The impact of the clearance between a rivet shank and a hole as well as driven head dimensions and a rivet length were investigated based on the numerical simulations. The aim of the analysis was to determine the range of stresses variation when the requirements of the riveting instructions are fulfilled. For the purposes of comparison, the calculations were performed also with the parameters as specified in the Polish industry standards. For all calculations, the geometry of the universal rivet MS20470 was used.
The results show that residual stresses can vary strongly depending on the parameters in the instructions and standard requirements.
Stress Analysis of the PZL M28’s Airframe Subjected to Repairs During Fatigue Tests
Authors: Brzęczek Józef , Gruszecki Henryk , Pieróg Leszek , Deszcz Franciszek , Pietruszka Janusz 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The PZL M28’s service life is determined based on the fatigue tests of the wing and wing loads-carry-through structure. During the fatigue test, the first occurrence of significance was the appearance of a in the area of the wing where loads are applied from the strut. It was demonstrated during further activities that repairs of the wing and other basic assemblies enabled, when performed at an appropriate time, the airplane’s service life to be significantly increase.
In the case of each design change implemented in the airframe subject to the fatigue testing, a stress analysis of the airframe was required in order to check if local changes, i.e. local repairs, did not affect the stress level in other tested areas. This helped to avoid significant stress redistribution in the airframe after the repair, so the fatigue test was still valid for all areas of interest.
Anomalies on codimension growth of algebras
Authors: Giambruno Antonio , Zaicev Mikhail 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper deals with the asymptotic behavior of the sequence of codimensions

c
n

⁢

(
A
)

${c_{n}(A)}$

,

n
=

1
,
2
,
…

,

${n=1,2,\ldots,}$

of an algebra A over a field of characteristic zero.
It is shown that when such sequence is polynomially bounded,
then

lim sup

n
→
∞

⁡

log
n

⁡

c
n

⁢

(
A
)

${\limsup_{n\to\infty}\log_{n}c_{n}(A)}$

and

lim inf

n
→
∞

⁡

log
n

⁡

c
n

⁢

(
A
)

${\liminf_{n\to\infty}\log_{n}c_{n}(A)}$

can be arbitrarily distant.
Also, in case the codimensions are exponentially bounded, we can construct an algebra
A such that

exp
⁡

(
A
)

=
2

${\exp(A)=2}$

and, for any

q
≥
1

${q\geq 1}$

, there are infinitely many integers n
such that

c
n

⁢

(
A
)

>

n
q

⁢

2
n

${c_{n}(A)>n^{q}2^{n}}$

. This gives counterexamples to a conjecture of Regev
for both cases of polynomial and exponential codimension growth.
The Reliability of Electromyographic Normalization Methods for Cycling Analyses
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan , Taylor Paul John , Hebron Jack , Brooks Darrell , Hurst Howard Thomas , Atkins Stephen 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Electromyography (EMG) is normalized in relation to a reference maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) value. Different normalization techniques are available but the most reliable method for cycling movements is unknown. This study investigated the reliability of different normalization techniques for cycling analyses. Twenty-five male cyclists (age 24.13 ± 2.79 years, body height 176.22 ± 4.87 cm and body mass 67.23 ± 4.19 kg, BMI = 21.70 ± 2.60 kg·m−1) performed different normalization procedures on two occasions, within the same testing session. The rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles were examined. Participants performed isometric normalizations (IMVC) using an isokinetic dynamometer. Five minutes of submaximal cycling (180 W) were also undertaken, allowing the mean (DMA) and peak (PDA) activation from each muscle to serve as reference values. Finally, a 10 s cycling sprint (MxDA) trial was undertaken and the highest activation from each muscle was used as the reference value. Differences between reference EMG amplitude, as a function of normalization technique and time, were examined using repeated measures ANOVAs. The testretest reliability of each technique was also examined using linear regression, intraclass correlations and Cronbach’s alpha. The results showed that EMG amplitude differed significantly between normalization techniques for all muscles, with the IMVC and MxDA methods demonstrating the highest amplitudes. The highest levels of reliability were observed for the PDA technique for all muscles; therefore, our results support the utilization of this method for cycling analyses.
Effect of Performance Speed on Trunk Movement Control During the Curl-Up Exercise
Authors: Barbado David , Elvira Jose Luis L. , Moreno Francisco J. , Vera-Garcia Francisco J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Trunk exercise speed has significant effects on neuro-mechanical demands; however, the influence of a variety of exercise speeds on motor control of the trunk displacement remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of performance speed on trunk motion control during the curl-up exercise by analyzing the kinematic variance about the sagittal trajectory. Seventeen subjects volunteered to perform curl-ups at different cadences controlled by a metronome. Standard deviation (SD) and range (RG) of shoulder girdle medial-lateral displacement (SGML) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) of SGML were calculated to examine linear variability and long range autocorrelation of medial-lateral upper trunk displacements, respectively. In addition, SD, RG and DFA of centre of pressure medial-lateral displacement (COPML) were performed to analyze the behavior of the motor system while controlling trunk displacement. Although SD and RG of COPML increased as speed increased, the curl-up cadence did not have significant effects on SD and RG of SGML. These results suggest that although high speed curl-ups challenged participants’ ability to carry out medial-lateral adjustments, an increase of performance speed did not modify the linear variability about the sagittal trajectory. Regarding DFA, the scaling exponent α of SGML and COPML was higher for the fastest movements, mainly in long term fluctuations. Therefore, to maintain the target trajectory, participants used different strategies depending on performance speed. This is to say, there were less trajectory changes when participants performed the fastest exercises.
Effects of Sled Towing on Peak Force, the Rate of Force Development and Sprint Performance During the Acceleration Phase
Authors: Martínez-Valencia María Asunción , Romero-Arenas Salvador , Elvira José L.L. , González-Ravé José María , Navarro-Valdivielso Fernando , Alcaraz Pedro E. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Resisted sprint training is believed to increase strength specific to sprinting. Therefore, the knowledge of force output in these tasks is essential. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of sled towing (10%, 15% and 20% of body mass (Bm)) on sprint performance and force production during the acceleration phase. Twenty-three young experienced sprinters (17 men and 6 women; men = 17.9 ± 3.3 years, 1.79 ± 0.06 m and 69.4 ± 6.1 kg; women = 17.2 ± 1.7 years, 1.65 ± 0.04 m and 56.6 ± 2.3 kg) performed four 30 m sprints from a crouch start. Sprint times in 20 and 30 m sprint, peak force (Fpeak), a peak rate of force development (RFDpeak) and time to RFD (TRFD) in first step were recorded. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant increases (p ≤ 0.001) in sprint times (20 and 30 m sprint) for each resisted condition as compared to the unloaded condition. The RFDpeak increased significantly when a load increased (3129.4 ± 894.6 N·s−1, p ≤ 0.05 and 3892.4 ± 1377.9 N·s−1, p ≤ 0.01). Otherwise, no significant increases were found in Fpeak and TRFD. The RFD determines the force that can be generated in the early phase of muscle contraction, and it has been considered a factor that influences performance of force-velocity tasks. The use of a load up to 20% Bm might provide a training stimulus in young sprinters to improve the RFDpeak during the sprint start, and thus, early acceleration.
The Efficiency of a Visual Skills Training Program on Visual Search Performance
Authors: Krzepota Justyna , Zwierko Teresa , Puchalska-Niedbał Lidia , Markiewicz Mikołaj , Florkiewicz Beata , Lubiński Wojciech 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this study, we conducted an experiment in which we analyzed the possibilities to develop visual skills by specifically targeted training of visual search. The aim of our study was to investigate whether, for how long and to what extent a training program for visual functions could improve visual search. The study involved 24 healthy students from the Szczecin University who were divided into two groups: experimental (12) and control (12). In addition to regular sports and recreational activities of the curriculum, the subjects of the experimental group also participated in 8-week long training with visual functions, 3 times a week for 45 min. The Signal Test of the Vienna Test System was performed four times: before entering the study, after first 4 weeks of the experiment, immediately after its completion and 4 weeks after the study terminated. The results of this experiment proved that an 8-week long perceptual training program significantly differentiated the plot of visual detecting time. For the visual detecting time changes, the first factor, Group, was significant as a main effect (F(1,22)=6.49, p<0.05) as well as the second factor, Training (F(3,66)=5.06, p<0.01). The interaction between the two factors (Group vs. Training) of perceptual training was F(3,66)=6.82 (p<0.001). Similarly, for the number of correct reactions, there was a main effect of a Group factor (F(1,22)=23.40, p<0.001), a main effect of a Training factor (F(3,66)=11.60, p<0.001) and a significant interaction between factors (Group vs. Training) (F(3,66)=10.33, p<0.001). Our study suggests that 8-week training of visual functions can improve visual search performance.
Physiological Responses During Multiplay Exergaming in Young Adult Males are Game-Dependent
Authors: McGuire Stephen , Willems Mark ET 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Regular moderate-intensity exercise provides health benefits. The aim of this study was to examine whether the selected exercise intensity and physiological responses during exergaming in a single and multiplayer mode in the same physical space were game-dependent. Ten males (mean ±SD, age: 23 ±5 years, body mass: 84.2 ±15.6 kg, body height: 180 ±7 cm, body mass index: 26.0 ±4.0 kg·m−2) played the games Kinect football, boxing and track & field (3 × ~10 min, ~ 2 min rest periods) in similar time sequence in two sessions. Physiological responses were measured with the portable Cosmed K4b2 pulmonary gas exchange system. Single play demands were used to match with a competitive opponent in a multiplay mode. A within-subjects crossover design was used with one-way ANOVA and a post-hoc t-test for analysis (p<0.05). Minute ventilation, oxygen uptake and the heart rate were at least 18% higher during a multiplayer mode for Kinect football and boxing but not for track & field. Energy expenditure was 21% higher during multiplay football. Single play track & field had higher metabolic equivalent than single play football (5.7 ±1.6, range: 3.2-8.6 vs 4.1 ±1.0, range: 3.0-6.1, p<0.05). Exergaming in a multiplayer mode can provide higher physiological demands but the effects are game-dependent. It seems that exergaming with low intensity in a multiplayer mode may provide a greater physical challenge for participants than in a single play mode but may not consistently provide sufficient intensity to acquire health benefits when played regularly as part of a programme to promote and maintain health in young adults.
Two-permutation-based hashing with binary mixing
Authors: Luykx Atul , Mennink Bart , Preneel Bart , Winnen Laura 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We consider the generic design of compression functions based on two n-bit permutations and XOR-based mixing functions. It is known that any such function mapping

n
+
α

${n+\alpha }$

to α bits, with

1
≤
α
≤
n

${1\le \alpha \le n}$

, can achieve at most

min
{

2

α
/
2

,

2

n
/
2
-
α
/
4

}

${\min \lbrace 2^{\alpha /2},2^{n/2-\alpha /4}\rbrace }$

collision security. Using techniques similar to Mennink and Preneel [CRYPTO 2012, Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. 7417, Springer, Heidelberg (2012), 330–347], we show that there is only one equivalence class of these functions achieving optimal collision security, and additionally

min
{

2
α

,

2

n
/
2

}

${\min \lbrace 2^{\alpha },2^{n/2}\rbrace }$

preimage security. The equivalence class compares well with existing functions based on two or three permutations, and is well-suited for wide-pipe hashing.
Two Dimensional Functionally Graded Material Finite Thick Hollow Cylinder Axisymmetric Vibration Mode Shapes Analysis Based on Exact Elasticity Theory
Authors: Asgari Masoud 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A thick hollow cylinder with finite length made of two- dimensional functionally graded material (2D-FGM) is considered and its natural modes are determined, based on great importance of mode shapes information in order to understand vibration behaviour of structures. Three dimensional theory of elasticity implemented for problem formulation, since mode shapes of a thick cylinder are three dimensional even with axisymmetric conditions. The axisymmetric conditions are assumed for the 2D-FGM cylinder. The material properties of the cylinder are varied in the radial and axial directions, with power law functions. Effects of volume fraction distribution on the different types of symmetric mode shapes configuration and vibration behaviour of a simply supported cylinder are analyzed. Three dimensional equations of motion are used and the eigen value problem is developed, based on direct variation method.
Temperature Non-Homogeneieties in a Catalytic Reactor With a Periodic Change in the Direction of the Reaction Mixture Feed
Authors: Zheleva Ivanka 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTemperature non-homogeneities in a catalytic reactor with periodic change in the direction of the reaction mixture feed is investigated in the present work. The temperature of the reaction mixture is described using a numerical algorithm for simulation of the work of the catalytic reactor, graphically shown and commented. The influence of the higher catalyst layer porosity in the wall area upon the temperature distribution in the reactor is studied. The existence of two different regimes is shown - a high temperature one in the middle part of the layer and a low temperature one in the high porosity area of the layer in contact with the reactor wall. This leads to not very effective usage of the catalyst in these parts of the catalyst layer in the reactor. This simulation can be used for better understanding and controlling of the examined catalytic process.