bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preservation and detectability of shock‐induced magnetization
Authors: Tikoo Sonia M. , Gattacceca Jérôme , Swanson‐Hysell Nicholas L. , Weiss Benjamin P. , Suavet Clément , Cournède Cécile 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn understanding of the effects of hypervelocity impacts on the magnetization of natural samples is required for interpreting paleomagnetic records of meteorites, lunar rocks, and cratered planetary surfaces. Rocks containing ferromagnetic minerals have been shown to acquire shock remanent magnetization (SRM) due to the passage of a shock wave in the presence of an ambient magnetic field. In this study, we conducted pressure remanent magnetization (PRM) acquisition experiments on a variety of natural samples as an analog for SRM acquisition at pressures ranging up to 1.8 GPa. Comparison of the alternating field (AF) and thermal demagnetization behavior of PRM confirms that AF demagnetization is a more efficient method for removing SRM overprints than thermal demagnetization because SRM may persist to unblocking temperatures approaching the Curie temperatures of magnetic minerals. The blocking of SRM to high temperatures suggests that SRM could persist without being eradicated by viscous relaxation over geologic timescales. However, SRM has been rarely observed in natural samples likely because of two factors: (1) other forms of impact‐related remanence (e.g., thermal remanent magnetization from impact‐related heating or chemical remanent magnetization from postimpact hydrothermal activity) are often acquired by target rocks that overprint SRM, and (2) low SRM acquisition efficiencies may prevent SRM from being distinguished from the underlying primary remanence or other overprints due to its low magnetization intensity.
Relationship of dayside main layer ionosphere height to local solar time on Mars and implications for solar wind interaction influence
Authors: Zhang Zhenfei , Orosei Roberto , Huang Qian , Zhang Jie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTo understand the influence of solar wind on the daytime main layer ionosphere of Mars, we investigated the local solar time (LST) variations of three characteristic heights of the ionosphere, namely, the heights of the 1 MHz and 1.5 MHz reflection points (i.e., 1.24 × 1010 m−3 and 2.79 × 1010 m−3 isodensity contours, respectively) and the density peak. We used a total of 19,996 Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding observations distributed on the northern hemisphere, with solar zenith angle ≤80°, acquired from June 2005 to October 2013. We exploited the kernel partial least squares regression method to extract the nonlinear relationships of the heights to LST and a few other variables. The average height of the 1 MHz reflection point decreased from ~218 km at 10:00 A.M. to ~206 km at 16:00 P.M. local time; the height of the 1.5 MHz reflection point decreased simultaneously from ~190 km to ~181 km. These decreasing trends are in contrast to the LST variation of the density peak height, which increased from ~128 km to ~137 km over the same LST interval. Based on these findings and previous results, we suggest that the solar wind may penetrate the Martian ionosphere down to altitudes of about 50 km above the main density peak and may, in conjunction with the asymmetric draping of the interplanetary magnetic field, compress the upper part of the main ionosphere layer on the P.M. side ~10 km more than on the A.M. side.
Sensitivity of flowering phenology to changing temperature in China
Authors: Zhang Haicheng , Yuan Wenping , Liu Shuguang , Dong Wenjie , Fu Yang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPlant phenology is one of the preferred indicators of climate change, and its variation potentially impacts community dynamics and ecosystem functions. To better understand the responses of plants' flowering phenology to rising temperatures, we investigated the temperature sensitivity (expressed as the date of changes in phenology per change in temperature in degree Celsius, d °C−1) of flowering phenology for more than 220 plant species at 59 sites in China during the period 1963–1988. Our results indicated that most flowerings in China were significantly sensitive to the temperature in the 2 months (60 days) prior to the flowering dates. Plants in warmer regions showed larger sensitivities to increased temperatures. Species flowering in the late spring and early summer were generally less sensitive to changing temperature than species flowering at other times of the year. For plants flowering in the spring, species that flower earlier showed higher temperature sensitivity; however, for plants flowering in the summer and autumn, species that flower earlier showed lower temperature sensitivity. The responses of the first and last flowering times to changing temperature were mostly consistent, so flowering durations were rarely (6.1%) sensitive to changing temperature. We hypothesize that plants in cold regions may have adapted to the more variable temperatures and thus showed lower temperature sensitivities than plants in warm regions. Overall, the responses of flowering phenology to temperature varied significantly among temperature zones and plant species, so it should be considered carefully when estimating the impacts of climate warming on the terrestrial biosphere.
Rothia
Authors: Austin Brian 
Published: July 2015

Roth'i.a. N.L. fem. n.Rothianamed for Genevieve D. Roth, who performed basic studies with these organisms.Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Micrococcaceae / RothiaCoccoid, spherical,dipththeroid,filamentousmycelial cells, usually up to 1.0 µm in diameter. Irregular swellings and clubbed ends up to 5.0 µm in diameter may be present. Growth may be exclusively coccoid, diphtheroid, or filamentous or a mixture of these forms.Gram‐stain‐positive. Nonmotile. Endospores are absent. Non acid‐fast. Mature colonies (4–7 d) 2–6 mm in diameter, usually off‐white/cream, smooth or rough, usually soft in texture but may be dry and crumbly or mucoid.Optimum temperature for growth is 30–37°C. Usually catalase‐positive.Chemo‐organotrophic. Ferments carbohydrates.Major product of glucose fermentation is lactic acid.Does not produce propionic acid.The cell‐wall peptidoglycan type is A3α,and contains alanine,glutamic acid,and lysine, but notdiaminopimelic acid(DAP). ContainsMK‐7as the major isoprenoid quinone. Cell‐wall sugars includefructose,galactose, andglucose, but not6‐deoxy‐taloseorarabinose.DNA G+C content(mol%): 54–60 (Tm).Type species:Rothia dentocariosa(Onishi 1949) Georg and Brown 1967, 68AL.
Nonomuraea
Authors: Kämpfer Peter 
Published: July 2015

No.no.mu.ra'e.a. N.L. fem. n.Nonomureanamed after Hideo Nonomura, a Japanese taxonomist who has made many contributions to the biology of actinomycetes.Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Streptosporangiales / Streptosporangiaceae / NonomuraeaAerobic, Gram‐stain‐positive, non‐acid‐fast bacteria that formextensively branched substrate and aerial mycelia. Aerial mycelia bear chains of spores which are hooked, spiral, or straight. The spore surface can be folded, irregular, smooth, or warty. Growth temperature ranges from 20–45°C, in some cases up to 55°C.Cell walls containmeso‐diaminopimelic and whole‐cell hydrolysates contain madurose as the diagnostic sugar. Contains diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxylated phosphatidylethanolamine, and ninhydrin and sugar positive phospholipids as predominant phospholipids. Major menaquinones are MK‐9(H4), MK‐9(H2), and MK‐9(H0). Major types of fatty acids are C1710‐methyl and C16iso‐branched fatty acids.DNA G+C content(mol%): 64–73.Type species:Nonomuraea pusillacorrig. (Nonomura and Ohara 1971a) Zhang, Wang and Ruan 1998b, 419 (Actinomadura pusillaNonomura and Ohara 1971a, 909).
Anaerophaga
Authors: Schink Bernhard 
Published: July 2015

An.a.e.ro.pha'ga. an Gr. pref.
an
not; Gr. n.
aer aeros
air; Gr. v.
phagein
to devour, to eat up; N.L. fem. n.
Anaerophaga
an anaerobic eater.

Bacteroidetes / Bacteroidia / Bacteroidales / Marinilabiliaceae / Anaerophaga
Slender flexible rods with rounded ends. Strictly anaerobic. Chemoorganotrophic. Nonphotosynthetic. Have a fermentative type of metabolism, using organic compounds as substrates. Inorganic electron acceptors are not used. Media containing a reductant, e.g., cysteine, are necessary for growth. Catalase‐negative. Isolated from oil‐contaminated sediment in an oil separation tank.

Type species
:
Anaerophaga thermohalophila
Denger, Warthmann, Ludwig and Schink 2002, 177
VP
.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 42.
Elizabethkingia
Authors: Bruun Brita , Bernardet Jean‐François 
Published: July 2015

E.liz.a.beth.kin'gi.a. N.L. fem. n.Elizabethkingianamed in honor of Elizabeth O. King, who first described bacteria associated with infant meningitis, notably [Flavobacterium]meningosepticumin 1959.Bacteroidetes / Flavobacteriia / Flavobacteriales / Flavobacteriaceae / ElizabethkingiaStraight,single rods with rounded ends,typically 0.5μm wide and variable in length,often forming filaments. Do not form endospores. Spherical degenerative forms do not appear in ageing liquid cultures.Nonmotile. Flagellar motility, gliding movement, and swarming growth have not been reported.Colonies are typically nonpigmented or weakly yellow pigmented, circular, convex, smooth and shiny, with entire edges, and up to 2 mm in diameter. A strong aromatic odor is produced. Gram‐stain‐negative.Obligately aerobic,having a strictly respiratory type of metabolismwith oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor.Nitrate is not reduced. Chemoorganotrophic. Growth occurs at 22–37°C, but not at 5 or 42°C. Growth occurs readily on the usual commercial media. No growth factors are required. Growth on seawater media is possible. Growth on cetrimide and MacConkey agars is slow and weak, but is also strain‐dependent.Catalase,oxidase,phosphatase,andβ‐galactosidase activities are present. Acid, but no gas, is produced from a number of carbohydrates in media with low peptone concentrations. Strong proteolytic activity occurs. Esculin, gelatin, and casein are hydrolyzed, but agar is not. Malonate is not utilized.Resistant to a wide range of antimicrobial agents. Menaquinone MK‐6 is the predominant respiratory quinone. Predominant cellular fatty acids are C15:0iso, C17:0iso 3‐OH, C17:1iso ω9c, and summed feature 4 (comprising C15:0iso 2‐OH and/or C16:1ω7c/t). As they are ubiquitous in soil and freshwater,strains ofElizabethkingia meningosepticaoccasionally occur in the hospital environment and clinical specimens;they are opportunistic pathogens of humans and various animals.DNA G+C content(mol%): 35.0–38.2.Type species:Elizabethkingia meningoseptica(King 1959) Kim, Kim, Lim, Park and Lee 2005b, 1291VP(Flavobacterium meningosepticumKing 1959, 247;Chryseobacterium meningosepticumVandamme, Bernardet, Segers, Kersters and Holmes 1994a, 830).
Methanosaeta
Authors: Patel Girishchandra B. 
Published: July 2015

Me.tha.no.sae' ta. M.L. neut. n.methanummethane; Gr. n.saetabristle; M.L. fem. n.Methanosaetamethane (‐producing) bristle.Euryarchaeota / Methanosarcinales / Methanosarcinales / Methanosaetaceae / MethanosaetaStraight rods with flat ends; single cells are usually 0.8–1.3 µm wide by 2.0–7.0 µm long and are enclosed within a tubular sheath structure. Forms short (~5–25 µm) to long (average of up to 150 µm and longer) flexible chains of cells within the sheath that may resemble filaments (Figures 1 and 2). Gas vacuoles are generally observed in thermophilic strains but have so far not been observed in mesophilic strains.Obligate anaerobe. Nonmotile; stain Gram‐negative. Optimum temperature for mesophilic strains, 35–40°C with a range of 10–45°C; for thermophilic strains, 55–60°C with a range of 30–70°C. Optimum pH: 6.5–7.5 with a range of 5.5–8.4.The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 48–54.Type species:Methanosaeta concilii(Patel 1 9 8 4) Patel and Sprott 1 9 9 0, 80 (Methanothrix conciliiPatel 1 9 8 4, 1394).
Halolactibacillus
Authors: Ishikawa Morio , Yamasato Kazuhide 
Published: July 2015

Ha.lo.lac'ti.ba.cil'lus. Gr. n.halssalt; L. n.laclactis milk; L. masc. n.bacillusstick, a small rod; N.L. masc. n.Halolactibacillussalt (‐loving) lactic acid rodlet.Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / HalolactibacillusCells areGram‐positive, nonspore‐forming, straight rods, occurring singly, in pairs, or in short chains, and elongated.Motile with peritrichous flagella. Catalase‐ and oxidase‐negative. Nitrate is not reduced. Starch and casein are hydrolyzed.Growth does not occur in the absence of sugars. Slightly halophilic and highly halotolerant. Alkaliphilic. Mesophilic.In anaerobic cultivation,l‐lactic acid is the major end product from glucose. In addition to lactate, considerable amounts of formate, acetate, and ethanol are produced in a molar ratio of approximately 2:1:1 without gas production. Carbohydrates and related compounds are aerobically metabolized to acetate and pyruvate without production of lactate, formate, and ethanol. The cell‐wall peptidoglycan ismeso‐diaminopimelic acid. Cellular fatty acids are of the straight‐chain, anteiso‐branched saturated, iso‐branched saturated, and monounsaturated acids. Major cellular fatty acids are C13:0 anteand C16:0. Respiratory quinones and cytochromes are absent. Located within the phylogenetic group composed of halophilic/halotolerant/alkaliphilic and/or alkalitolerant genera inBacillusrRNA group 1.DNA G+C content(mol%): 38.5–40.7.Type species:Halolactibacillus halophilusIshikawa, Nakajima, Itamiya, Furukawa, Yamamoto and Yamasato 2003b, 2437VP.
Abiotrophia
Authors: Ezaki Takayuki , Kawamura Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2015

A.bi.o.tro'phi.a. Gr. pref.a‐, negative (un‐); Gr. n.bioslife; Gr. n.trophenutrition; N.L. fem. n.Abiotrophialife‐nutrition‐deficiency.Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / “Lactobacillales” / “Aerococcaceae” / AbiotrophiaCells are mainly cocci, but pleomorphic ovoid cells, coccobacilli, and rod‐shaped cells may occur. Pyridoxal hydrochloride(0.001%)orL‐cysteine(0.01%)required for growth on blood agar. Nonsporeforming. Nonmotile. Gram‐positive. Facultative anaerobes. Catalase‐ and oxidase‐negative.Lactic acidis the major end product of glucose fermentation. Gas is not produced from glucose. Growth does not occur at 10 and 45°C or in the presence of 6.5% NaCl. Alpha‐hemolytic on supplemented sheep blood agar. Pyrrolidonyl arylamidase and leucine arylamidase are positive.Hippurate is not hydrolyzed. Arginine dihydrolase is negative. Resistant to optochin and susceptible to vancomycin. The organisms have been isolated from human clinical specimens, such as blood with sepsis (Bouvet et al., 1989; Carey et al., 1975) and endocarditis (Bouvet, 1995; Bouvet et al., 1980, 1981).DNA G+C content(mol%): 46.0–46.6.Type species:Abiotrophia defectiva(Bouvet, Grimonet and Grimont 1989) Kawamura, Hou, Sultana, Liu, Yamamoto and Ezaki 1995, 802 (Streptococcus defectivesBouvet, Grimonet and Grimont 1989, 290.)
Mizoroki–Heck Reaction of Aryl Halides and Dialkyl Allylphosphonates in Water Catalyzed by Reusable Palladium Nanoparticles
Authors: Liao Wei‐Ting , Yang Xin‐Jing , Tseng Ya‐Yi , Wu Chien‐Chi , Liu Ling‐Jun , Tsai Fu‐Yu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCommercial [PdCl2(NH3)2] was applied to catalyze the Mizoroki–Heck coupling of aryl halides with dialkyl allylphosphonates using iPr2NH as the base in water under aerobic conditions. The reaction was conducted at 80 °C (for aryl iodides) or 120 °C (for aryl bromides) for 36 h, giving the corresponding aryl‐substituted allylphosphonates in good to excellent yields, and both water‐soluble and insoluble aryl halides could be utilized in this reaction. After extracting the reaction solution with ethyl acetate, the residual aqueous solution was reused for the same reaction several times, and the true catalyst was found to be palladium nanoparticles. In addition, a one‐pot synthesis of 1,4‐diarylbuta‐1,3‐dienes, which combined this catalytic reaction with the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons–Wittig reaction, was also performed.
Generalized Approach to Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Substituted β‐Amino Acids Bearing CHF2, CBrF2, and CClF2 Groups
Authors: Dai Yanling , Xie Chen , Zhou Jie , Mei Haibo , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCurrently, there is a great demand for the development of new methods for the preparation of fluorine containing compounds. However, biologically relevant molecules bearing fluoroalkyl groups other than CF3 still remain virtually unexplored. Herein, we report a simple approach for preparation of β‐amino acids derivatives containing CHF2, CBrF2, and CClF2 groups via addition reactions of the corresponding (Ss)‐N‐(tert‐butanesulfinyl)‐CXF2‐acetaldimines and alkyl‐acetate‐derived enolates. The reactions occur with excellent diastereoselectivity of up to >99:1 providing a simple and reliable access to a type of biologically valuable derivatives.
Multi‐Compartmental Hydrogel Microparticles Fabricated by Combination of Sequential Electrospinning and Photopatterning
Authors: Cho Kanghee , Lee Hyun Jong , Han Sang Won , Min Ji Hong , Park Hansoo , Koh Won‐Gun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMulti‐compartmental non‐spherical hydrogel microparticles were fabricated by combining electrospinning and photopatterning. Sequential electrospinning produced multi‐layered fiber matrices with different composition in which each layer became a compartment of the particle. Photopatterning of the hydrogel in the presence of the multi‐layered fiber matrix generated multi‐compartmental microparticles with different vertical functionalities. While the shapes of the hydrogel microparticles were determined by the design of the photomask, the chemical properties and size of each compartment were independently controlled by changing the molecules incorporated into each fiber matrix and the electrospinning times, respectively. The resultant multi‐compartmental hydrogel microparticles could carry out not only the release of different growth factors with independent kinetics but also binding of multiple targets at different compartments.
Lanthanide Luminescence Modulation by Cation–π Interaction in a Bioinspired Scaffold: Selective Detection of Copper(I)
Authors: Isaac Manon , Denisov Sergey A. , Roux Amandine , Imbert Daniel , Jonusauskas Gediminas , McClenaghan Nathan D. , Sénèque Olivier 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA prototype luminescent turn‐on probe for Cu+ (and Ag+) is described, harnessing a selective binding site (log Kass=9.4 and 7.3 for Cu+ and Ag+, respectively) based on the coordinating environment of the bacterial metallo‐chaperone CusF, integrated with a terbium‐ion‐signaling moiety. Cation–π interactions were shown to enhance tryptophan triplet population, which subsequently sensitized, on the microsecond timescale, the long‐lived terbium emission, offering a novel approach in bioinspired chemosensor design.
The Hexacyanodiborane(6) Dianion [B2(CN)6]2−
Authors: Landmann Johannes , Sprenger Jan A. P. , Hailmann Michael , Bernhardt‐Pitchougina Vera , Willner Helge , Ignat'ev Nikolai , Bernhardt Eduard , Finze Maik 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDiborane(6) dianions with substituents that are bonded to boron via carbon are very reactive and therefore only a few examples are known. Diborane(6) derivatives are the simplest catenated boron compounds with an electron‐precise B–B σ‐bond that are of fundamental interest and of relevance for material applications. The homoleptic hexacyanodiborane(6) dianion [B2(CN)6]2− that is chemically very robust is reported. The dianion is air‐stable and resistant against boiling water and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. Its salts are thermally highly stable, for example, decomposition of (H3O)2[B2(CN)6] starts at 200 °C. The [B2(CN)6]2− dianion is readily accessible starting from 1) B(CN)32− and an oxidant, 2) [BF(CN)3]− and a reductant, or 3) by the reaction of B(CN)32− with [BHal(CN)3]− (Hal=F, Br). The latter reaction was found to proceed via a triply negatively charged transition state according to an SN2 mechanism.
From Gas‐Phase to Liquid‐Water Chemical Reactions: The Fluorine Atom Plus Water Trimer System
Authors: Li Guoliang , Li Qian‐Shu , Xie Yaoming , Schaefer Henry F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe potential energy profile for the F+(H2O)3→HF+(H2O)2OH reaction has been investigated using the “gold standard” CCSD(T) method with correlation‐consistent basis sets up to cc‐pVQZ. Four different reaction pathways have been found and these are related, both geometrically and energetically. The entrance complexes F⋅⋅⋅(H2O)3 for all four reaction pathways are found lying ca. 7 kcal mol−1 below the separated reactants F+(H2O)3. The four reaction barriers on their respective reaction coordinates lie ca. 4 kcal mol−1 below the reactants. There are also corresponding exit complexes HF⋅⋅⋅(H2O)2OH, lying about 13 kcal mol−1 below the separated products HF+(H2O)2OH. Compared with analogous F+(H2O)2 and F+H2O reactions, the F+(H2O)3 reaction is somewhat similar to the former but qualitatively different from the latter. It may be reasonable to predict that the reactions between atomic fluorine and water tetramer (or even larger water clusters) may be similar to the F+(H2O)3 reaction.
Lignocellulosic biomass for the preparation of cellulose‐based hydrogel and its use for optimizing water resources in agriculture
Authors: Ibrahim Maha M. , Abd‐Eladl Mostafa , Abou‐Baker Nesreen H. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTRecently, efforts have been devoted to find ways in utilizing biomass as feedstocks for the production of organic chemicals. This is because of its abundance, renewability and worldwide distribution. Lignocellulosic agricultural waste materials are regarded as abundant, inexpensive, and readily available natural resources for both chemical and paper industries. Hydrogels are polymeric materials that vary in their origin and composition and can absorb large amount of water without dissolving. In our study, cellulose‐based acrylic acid hydrogel was synthesized starting from rice straw as a source for the lignocellulosic material, where cellulose was first isolated after alkaline‐acid pulping treatment followed by bleaching step with sodium hypochlorite resulting of 90.8% holocellulose. The cellulose‐based acrylic acid hydrogel was synthesized applying heterogeneous reaction and shows a swelling ratio more than 3000%. The resulting hydrogel was further characterized with FT‐IR and SEM. On the other hand, comparison between the rice straw‐based hydrogel and the commercially available acrylamide hydrogel was studied for improving maize production in salt affected soil as well as in the growth promoters of maize under water stress. The experimental results demonstrated that the yield parameters were increased with increasing irrigation rates. Both types of hydrogels introduce positive and significant effect compared to the one without adding hydrogels. Also, acrylamide hydrogel was effective for improving almost yield parameters more than applying rice straw‐based hydrogel. Generally, the addition of hydrogel increases the nutrient concentration, uptake, and both of water and nutrients use efficiency. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42652.