bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The future of patient education: A study on AI‐driven responses to urinary incontinence inquiries
Authors: Rotem Reut , Zamstein Omri , Rottenstreich Misgav , O'Sullivan Orfhlaith E. , O'reilly Barry A. , Weintraub Adi Y. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of ChatGPT in providing insights into common urinary incontinence concerns within urogynecology. By analyzing the model's responses against established benchmarks of accuracy, completeness, and safety, the study aimed to quantify its usefulness for informing patients and aiding healthcare providers.MethodsAn expert‐driven questionnaire was developed, inviting urogynecologists worldwide to assess ChatGPT's answers to 10 carefully selected questions on urinary incontinence (UI). These assessments focused on the accuracy of the responses, their comprehensiveness, and whether they raised any safety issues. Subsequent statistical analyses determined the average consensus among experts and identified the proportion of responses receiving favorable evaluations (a score of 4 or higher).ResultsOf 50 urogynecologists that were approached worldwide, 37 responded, offering insights into ChatGPT's responses on UI. The overall feedback averaged a score of 4.0, indicating a positive acceptance. Accuracy scores averaged 3.9 with 71% rated favorably, whereas comprehensiveness scored slightly higher at 4 with 74% favorable ratings. Safety assessments also averaged 4 with 74% favorable responses.ConclusionThis investigation underlines ChatGPT's favorable performance across the evaluated domains of accuracy, comprehensiveness, and safety within the context of UI queries. However, despite this broadly positive reception, the study also signals a clear avenue for improvement, particularly in the precision of the provided information. Refining ChatGPT's accuracy and ensuring the delivery of more pinpointed responses are essential steps forward, aiming to bolster its utility as a comprehensive educational resource for patients and a supportive tool for healthcare practitioners.
A novel artificial intelligence model for measuring fetal intracranial markers during the first trimester based on two‐dimensional ultrasound image
Authors: Sun Lingling , Yu Junxuan , Yao Jiezhi , Cao Yan , Sun Naimin , Chen Keqi , Lin Yujia , Ji Chunya , Zhang Jun , Ling Chen , Yang Zhong , Pan Qi , Yang Ronghao , Yang Xin , Ni Dong , Yin Linliang , Deng Xuedong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo establish reference ranges of fetal intracranial markers during the first trimester and develop the first novel artificial intelligence (AI) model to measure key markers automatically.MethodsThis retrospective study used two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound images from 4233 singleton normal fetuses scanned at 11+0–13+6 weeks of gestation at the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2018 to July 2022. We analyzed 10 key markers in three important planes of the fetal head. Based on these, reference ranges of 10 fetal intracranial markers were established and an AI model was developed for automated marker measurement. AI and manual measurements were compared to evaluate differences, correlations, consistency, and time consumption based on mean error, Pearson correlation analysis, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and average measurement time.ResultsThe results of AI and manual methods had strong consistency and correlation (all ICC values >0.75, all r values >0.75, and all P values <0.001). The average absolute error of both only ranged from 0.124 to 0.178 mm. AI achieved a 100% detection rate for abnormal cases. Additionally, the average measurement time of AI was only 0.49 s, which was more than 65 times faster than the manual measurement method.ConclusionThe present study first established the normal standard reference ranges of fetal intracranial markers based on a large Chinese population data set. Furthermore, the proposed AI model demonstrated its capability to measure multiple fetal intracranial markers automatically, serving as a highly effective tool to streamline sonographer tasks and mitigate manual measurement errors, which can be generalized to first‐trimester scanning.
Toward noncontact macroscopic imaging of multiple cancers using multi‐spectral inelastic scattering detection
Authors: David Sandryne , Ksantini Nassim , Dallaire Frédérick , Ember Katherine , Daoust François , Sheehy Guillaume , Hadjipanayis Costas G. , Petrecca Kevin , Wilson Brian C. , Leblond Frédéric 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHere we introduce a Raman spectroscopy approach combining multi‐spectral imaging and a new fluorescence background subtraction technique to image individual Raman peaks in less than 5 seconds over a square field‐of‐view of 1‐centimeter sides with 350 micrometers resolution. First, human data is presented supporting the feasibility of achieving cancer detection with high sensitivity and specificity – in brain, breast, lung, and ovarian/endometrium tissue – using no more than three biochemically interpretable biomarkers associated with the inelastic scattering signal from specific Raman peaks. Second, a proof‐of‐principle study in biological tissue is presented demonstrating the feasibility of detecting a single Raman band – here the CH2/CH3 deformation bands from proteins and lipids – using a conventional multi‐spectral imaging system in combination with the new background removal method. This study paves the way for the development of a new Raman imaging technique that is rapid, label‐free, and wide field.
Therapeutic effects of nanosilibinin in valproic acid‐zebrafish model of autism spectrum disorder: Focusing on Wnt signaling pathway and autism spectrum disorder‐related cytokines
Authors: Karimi Zahra , Zarifkar Asadollah , Mirzaei Esmaeil , Dianatpour Mehdi , Dara Mahintaj , Aligholi Hadi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, we delved into the intricate world of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its connection to the disturbance in the Wnt signaling pathway and immunological abnormalities. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of silibinin, a remarkable modulator of both the Wnt signaling pathway and the immune system, on the neurobehavioral and molecular patterns observed in a zebrafish model of ASD induced by valproic acid (VPA). Because silibinin is a hydrophobic molecule and highly insoluble in water, it was used in the form of silibinin nanoparticles (nanosilibinin, NS). After assessing survival, hatching rate, and morphology of zebrafish larvae exposed to different concentrations of NS, the appropriate concentrations were chosen. Then, zebrafish embryos were exposed to VPA (1 μM) and NS (100 and 200 μM) at the same time for 120 h. Next, anxiety and inattentive behaviors and the expression of CHD8, CTNNB, GSK3beta, LRP6, TNFalpha, IL1beta, and BDNF genes were assessed 7 days post fertilization. The results indicated that higher concentrations of NS had adverse effects on survival, hatching, and morphological development. The concentrations of 100 and 200 μM of NS could ameliorate the anxiety‐like behavior and learning deficit and decrease ASD‐related cytokines (IL1beta and TNFalpha) in VPA‐treated larvae. In addition, only 100 μM of NS prevented raising the gene expression of Wnt signaling‐related factors (CHD8, CTNNB, GSK3beta, and LRP6). In conclusion, NS treatment for the first 120 h showed therapeutic effect on an autism‐like phenotype probably via reducing the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines genes and changing the expression of Wnt signaling components genes.
AAV gene replacement therapy for treating MPS IIIC: Facilitating bystander effects via EV‐mRNA cargo
Authors: Bobo Tierra A. , Robinson Michael , Tofade Christopher , Sokolski‐Papkov Marina , Nichols Peter , Vorobiov Stephen , Fu Haiyan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMPS IIIC is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in heparan‐α‐glucosaminide N‐acetyltransferase (HGSNAT), for which no treatment is available. Because HGSNAT is a trans‐lysosomal‐membrane protein, gene therapy for MPS IIIC needs to transduce as many cells as possible for maximal benefits. All cells continuously release extracellular vesicles (EVs) and communicate by exchanging biomolecules via EV trafficking. To address the unmet need, we developed a rAAV‐hHGSNATEV vector with an EV‐mRNA‐packaging signal in the 3′UTR to facilitate bystander effects, and tested it in an in vitro MPS IIIC model. In human MPS IIIC cells, rAAV‐hHGSNATEV enhanced HGSNAT mRNA and protein expression, EV‐hHGSNAT‐mRNA packaging, and cleared GAG storage. Importantly, incubation with EVs led to hHGSNAT protein expression and GAG contents clearance in recipient MPS IIIC cells. Further, rAAV‐hHGSNATEV transduction led to the reduction of pathological EVs in MPS IIIC cells to normal levels, suggesting broader therapeutic benefits. These data demonstrate that incorporating the EV‐mRNA‐packaging signal into a rAAV‐hHGSNAT vector enhances EV packaging of hHGSNAT‐mRNA, which can be transported to non‐transduced cells and translated into functional rHGSNAT protein, facilitating cross‐correction of disease pathology. This study supports the therapeutic potential of rAAVEV for MPS IIIC, and broad diseases, without having to transduce every cell.
Extracellular vesicles originating from melanoma cells promote dysregulation in haematopoiesis as a component of cancer immunoediting
Authors: Mamand Doste R. , Bazaz Safa , Mohammad Dara K. , Liang Xiuming , Pavlova Svetlana , Mim Carsten , Gabrielsson Susanne , Nordin Joel Z. , Wiklander Oscar P. B. , Abedi‐Valugerdi Manuchehr , EL‐Andaloussi Samir 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHaematopoiesis dysregulation with the presence of immature myeloid and erythroid immunosuppressive cells are key characteristics of the immune escape phase of tumour development. Here, the role of in vitro generated B16F10 tumour cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) as indirect cellular communicators, participating in tumour‐induced dysregulation of haematopoiesis, was explored. The isolated tEVs displayed features of small EVs with a size range of 100–200 nm, expressed the common EV markers CD63, CD9, and Alix, and had a spherical shape with a lipid bilayer membrane. Proteomic profiling revealed significant levels of angiogenic factors, particularly vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteopontin, and tissue factor, associated with the tEVs. Systemic administration of these tEVs in syngeneic mice induced splenomegaly and disrupted haematopoiesis, leading to extramedullary haematopoiesis, expansion of splenic immature erythroid progenitors, reduced bone marrow cellularity, medullary expansion of granulocytic myeloid suppressor cells, and the development of anaemia. These effects closely mirrored those observed in tumour‐bearing mice and were not seen after heat inactivating the tEVs. In vitro studies demonstrated that tEVs independently induced the expansion of bone marrow granulocytic myeloid suppressor cells and B cells while reducing the frequency of cells in the erythropoietic lineage. These effects of tEVs were significantly abrogated by the blockade of VEGF or heat inactivation. Our findings underscore the important role of tEVs in dysregulating haematopoiesis during the immune escape phase of cancer immunoediting, suggesting their potential as targets for addressing immune evasion and reinstating normal hematopoietic processes.
A multidisciplinary program to wean infants and toddlers from long‐term tube feeding: Lessons learned from a retrospective study
Authors: Beeri Maurit , Dror Tal , Weiss Patrice L. , Blinder Judith N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesChildren maintain growth and development by ingesting adequate calories and nutrients, typically achieved via oral intake of food and liquids. When unable to eat and drink orally, they need temporary or permanent enteral nutritional support via nasogastric, nasoduodenal, gastrostomy, or jejunostomy tubes. The objectives of this retrospective study are to describe lessons learned from operating a weaning program at ALYN Hospital for over a decade, the characteristics of the patient population (gender, age, medical condition, and type of tube feeding and hospitalization), and which of these characteristics correlate with successful weaning.MethodsData were obtained from the hospital's secure database of 82 infants and toddlers, 37 boys (45.4%) and 45 girls (54.9%) aged 3 months to 10.8 years who took part in a tube feeding intervention from 2011 to 2020. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed to characterize the participants and their responses to the program.ResultsFifty‐one children (62.2%) were less than 2 years, 26 children (31.7%) were 2–4.11 years, and only 5 children were aged 5 years (6.1%) and older. Fifty‐six children were successfully weaned from tube feeding, 9 children were eventually successful, but the process took longer than anticipated, 11 children were partially weaned and 6 were not successfully weaned.ConclusionsThese results are discussed within the context of a successful weaning program related to participant characteristics (medical condition, age, gender, and weight), and subsequent recommendations are offered related to the intervention setting, duration, and intensity; redefining success in weaning and the need for long‐term follow‐up.
Terpenoids from quinoa reverse drug resistance of colon cancer by upregulating miR‐495‐3p
Authors: Feng Mangmang , Fan Xiaxia , Shi Jiangying , Shan Shuhua , Li Songtao , He Shuiling , Ding Man , Li Zhuoyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuinoa contains far more nutrients than any traditional grain crop. It is known that terpenoids in quinoa have anti‐inflammatory and antitumor effects, but their role in reversing drug resistance remains unclear.RESULTSOur previous studies showed that quinoa‐derived terpenoid compounds (QBT) can inhibit the occurrence and development of colon cancer. This study further indicates that QBT markedly reverse drug resistance of colon cancer. The results showed that QBT combined with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐Fu) treatment significantly enhanced the chemotherapy sensitivity of HCT‐8/Fu, compared with 5‐Fu treatment alone. Moreover, we found that QBT significantly reduced the expression of drug‐resistant proteins (P‐gp, MRP1, BCRP), and increased the accumulation of chemotherapy drugs. Taking P‐gp as the target for biogenesis prediction analysis, results showed that upregulation of miR‐495‐3p enhanced the chemosensitivity of drug‐resistant HCT‐8/Fu cells. Besides, the results showed that miR‐495‐3p was abnormally methylated in HCT‐8/Fu compared with HCT‐8 colon cancer cells. The expression of methyltransferases DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b was abnormal. After QBT treatment, the expression level of methyltransferases returned to normal. In addition, the QBT + 5Fu group showed inhibition of tumors in nude mice.CONCLUSIONQBT treatment downregulated the expression of drug‐resistant protein P‐gp by inhibiting the methylation of miR‐495‐3p, and enhanced the accumulation of 5‐Fu in vivo, which in turn reversed its chemoresistance. This suggests that QBT has potential ability as a new drug‐resistance reversal agent in colorectal cancer. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pediatric head and neck trauma in the United States: Trends, risk factors and outcomes using the National Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Sarathy Ashwini , Benson Jamie , Nguyen Kenny , Amato Stas , Sajisevi Mirabelle , Ostby Erin T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionPediatric head and neck (HN) trauma is an important contributor to pediatric morbidity, resulting in significant downstream consequences. Few studies provide epidemiological predictors of pediatric HN trauma on a national scale. The present study aims to identify risk factors of HN injury and mortality in the pediatric population.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted for patients (age <18 years) using the US National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB 2007–2019). Demographic, injury, and physiologic outcome data were analyzed. HN injury was defined as a head or neck Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) >0. Logistic regression identified independent predictors of mortality following HN trauma.ResultsOf the 1.42 million pediatric patients analyzed, 44.05% had HN injury. In patients aged 0–4, the most common mechanism was falls (47.67% in this age group) while in ages 14–17, motor vehicle/transport accidents (MVTs) were the most common mechanism (56.06%). Controlling for demographics, comorbidities, and injury severity, HN injury was associated with increased odds of mortality (OR 2.404, 95% CI 1.530–3.778). HN injury mortality was strongly predicted by firearm exposure (OR 11.28, 95% CI 6.074–20.95), age <4 (OR 1.179, 95% CI 1.071–1.299), and self‐insured status (OR 1.977, 95% CI 1.811–2.157).ConclusionNTDB data demonstrate that the percentage of pediatric patients with HN trauma has decreased over the past 12 years although is associated with increased odds of mortality. Age and insurance status predicted mortality from HN trauma, with falls and MVTs being the most common mechanisms of injury. These data have implications for future public health efforts in this patient population.Level of Evidence3.
Some remarks on the Kp,1$\mathcal {K}_{p,1}$ theorem
Authors: Kim Yeongrak , Moon Hyunsuk , Park Euisung 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLet be a non‐degenerate projective irreducible variety of dimension , degree , and codimension over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. Let be the th graded Betti number of . Green proved the celebrating ‐theorem about the vanishing of for high values for and potential examples of nonvanishing graded Betti numbers. Later, Nagel–Pitteloud and Brodmann–Schenzel classified varieties with nonvanishing . It is clear that when there is an ‐dimensional variety of minimal degree containing , however, this is not always the case as seen in the example of the triple Veronese surface in .In this paper, we completely classify varieties with nonvanishing such that does not lie on an ‐dimensional variety of minimal degree. They are exactly cones over smooth del Pezzo varieties, whose Picard number is .
Organoids in gastrointestinal diseases: from bench to clinic
Authors: Wang Qinying , Guo Fanying , Zhang Qinyuan , Hu TingTing , Jin YuTao , Yang Yongzhi , Ma Yanlei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe etiology of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases is intricate and multifactorial, encompassing complex interactions between genetic predisposition and gut microbiota. The cell fate change, immune function regulation, and microenvironment composition in diseased tissues are governed by microorganisms and mutated genes either independently or through synergistic interactions. A comprehensive understanding of GI disease etiology is imperative for developing precise prevention and treatment strategies. However, the existing models used for studying the microenvironment in GI diseases—whether cancer cell lines or mouse models—exhibit significant limitations, which leads to the prosperity of organoids models. This review first describes the development history of organoids models, followed by a detailed demonstration of organoids application from bench to clinic. As for bench utilization, we present a layer‐by‐layer elucidation of organoid simulation on host–microbial interactions, as well as the application in molecular mechanism analysis. As for clinical adhibition, we provide a generalized interpretation of organoid application in GI disease simulation from inflammatory disorders to malignancy diseases, as well as in GI disease treatment including drug screening, immunotherapy, and microbial‐targeting and screening treatment. This review draws a comprehensive and systematical depiction of organoids models, providing a novel insight into the utilization of organoids models from bench to clinic.
Prevalence of Late‐Stage Parkinson's Disease in the US Healthcare System: Insights from TriNetX
Authors: De Jesus Sol , Daya Annika , Blumberger Liba , Lewis Mechelle M. , Leslie Doug , Tabbal Samer D. , Dokholyan Rachel , Snyder Amanda M. , Mailman Richard B. , Huang Xuemei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients in late‐stage Parkinson's disease (PDLS) are caregiver‐dependent, have low quality of life, and higher healthcare costs.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of PDLS patients in the current US healthcare system.MethodsWe downloaded the 2010–2022 data from the TriNetX Diamond claims network that consists of 92 US healthcare sites. PD was identified using standard diagnosis codes, and PDLS was identified by the usage of wheelchair dependence, personal care assistance, and/or presence of diagnoses of dementia. Age of PDLS identification and survival information were obtained and stratified by demographic and the disability subgroups.ResultsWe identified 1,031,377 PD patients in the TriNetX database. Of these, 18.8% fitted our definition of PDLS (n = 194,297), and 10.2% met two or more late‐stage criteria. Among all PDLS, the mean age of PDLS identification was 78.1 (±7.7) years, and 49% were already reported as deceased. PDLS patients were predominantly male (58.5%) with similar distribution across PDLS subgroups. The majority did not have race (71%) or ethnicity (69%) information, but for the available information >90% (n = 53,162) were White, 8.2% (n = 5121) Hispanic/Latino, 7.8% (n = 4557) Black, and <0.01% (n = 408) Asian. Of the PDLS cohort, 71.6% identified with dementia, 12.9% had personal care assistance, and 4.8% were wheelchair‐bound.ConclusionsLate‐stage patients are a significant part of the PD landscape in the current US healthcare system, and largely missed by traditional motor‐based disability staging. It is imperative to include this population as a clinical, social, and research priority. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A novel variant in the FLCN gene in a Chinese family with Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome
Authors: Miao He , Zhou Yulin , Ge Silun , Gu Yufeng , Qu Le , Zhou Wenquan , He Haowei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to identify disease‐causing variants within a Chinese family affected by Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHDS), which arises from an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern attributed to variants in the folliculin (FLCN) gene, recognized as a tumor suppressor gene.MethodsA Chinese proband diagnosed with BHDS due to renal tumors underwent next‐generation sequencing (NGS), revealing a novel variant in the FLCN gene. Sanger sequencing was subsequently performed on blood samples obtained from family members to confirm the presence of this variant.ResultsA novel germline frameshift variant (NM_144997.5:c.977dup) was identified in five individuals among the screened family members, marking the first report of this variant. Additionally, a somatic frameshift variant (NM_144997.5:c.1252del) was detected in the renal tumors of the proband. No variant was detected in unaffected family members.ConclusionsA novel heterozygous variant was identified in exon 9 of the FLCN gene, which broadens the spectrum of FLCN variants. We recommend that molecular analysis of the FLCN gene be performed in patients with suspected BHDS and their families.