bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully integrated modeling of surface‐subsurface solute transport and the effect of dispersion in tracer hydrograph separation
Authors: Liggett Jessica E. , Werner Adrian D. , Smerdon Brian D. , Partington Daniel , Simmons Craig T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTracer hydrograph separation has been widely applied to identify streamflow components, often indicating that pre‐event water comprises a large proportion of stream water. Previous work using numerical modeling suggests that hydrodynamic mixing in the subsurface inflates the pre‐event water contribution to streamflow when derived from tracer‐based hydrograph separation. This study compares the effects of hydrodynamic dispersion, both within the subsurface and at the surface‐subsurface boundary, on the tracer‐based pre‐event water contribution to streamflow. Using a fully integrated surface‐subsurface code, we simulate two hypothetical 2‐D hillslopes with surface‐subsurface solute exchange represented by different solute transport conceptualizations (i.e., advective and dispersive conditions). Results show that when surface‐subsurface solute transport occurs via advection only, the pre‐event water contribution from the tracer‐based separation agrees well with the hydraulically determined value of pre‐event water from the numerical model, despite dispersion occurring within the subsurface. In this case, subsurface dispersion parameters have little impact on the tracer‐based separation results. However, the pre‐event water contribution from the tracer‐based separation is larger when dispersion at the surface‐subsurface boundary is considered. This work demonstrates that dispersion within the subsurface may not always be a significant factor in apparently large pre‐event water fluxes over a single rainfall event. Instead, dispersion at the surface‐subsurface boundary may increase estimates of pre‐event water contribution. This work also shows that solute transport in numerical models is highly sensitive to the representation of the surface‐subsurface interface. Hence, models of catchment‐scale solute dynamics require careful treatment and sensitivity testing of the surface‐subsurface interface to avoid misinterpretation of real‐world physical processes.
Novel monitoring of Antarctic ice shelf basal melting using a fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing mooring
Authors: Kobs Scott , Holland David M. , Zagorodnov Victor , Stern Alon , Tyler Scott W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMeasuring basal melting of ice shelves is challenging and represents a critical component toward understanding ocean‐ice interactions and climate change. In November 2011, moorings containing fiber‐optic cables for distributed temperature sensing (DTS) were installed through the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica, (~200 m) and extending ~600 m into the ice shelf cavity. The high spatial resolution of DTS allows for transient monitoring of the thermal gradient within the ice shelf. The gradient near the ice‐ocean interface is extrapolated to the in situ freezing temperature in order to continuously track the ice‐ocean interface. Seasonal melt rates are calculated to be ~1.0 mm d−1 and 8.6 mm d−1, and maximum melting corresponds to the arrival of seasonal warm surface water in the ice shelf cavity between January and April. The development of continuous, surface‐based techniques for measuring basal melting represents a significant advance in monitoring ice shelf stability and ice‐ocean interactions.
Morphology and Mechanical Properties of a New Nanocrystalline Cellulose/Polysulfone Composite Membrane
Authors: BAI HAOLONG , ZHOU YITONG , ZHANG LIPING 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTA new nanocrystalline cellulose/polysulfone composite membrane was prepared. The composite membranes were coagulated in different coagulation baths (i.e., water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol) and concentrations (i.e., 10, 30, 50 v/v %). The chemical structure of membrane is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The viscosity of the casting solutions was measured. The cross‐section morphology of the membrane was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were also studied. Results showed that the connectivity of nanocrystalline/polysulfone composite membrane pores is better than that of pure polysulfone membrane, macrovoids, and short finger‐like pores are produced when adding methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol into the coagulation bath. As the coagulant concentration increases, the sponge‐like structure becomes looser and thinner. A right amount of nanocrystalline cellulose has a positive effect on the tensile strength. The tensile strength of the pure membrane in different coagulation baths shows the following order: methanol > ethanol > isopropanol > water (10 % v/v).
An Elementary Result On The Uniform Stability Of A Class Of Continuous Autonomous Systems
Authors: Sosa J. M. , Martinez‐Rodriguez P. R. , Vazquez G. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents an elementary result on the uniform stability of an equilibrium point for a class of autonomous systems that have an exponentially decreasing factor in their dynamics. The mapping that defines the dynamics may be not Lipschitz so uniqueness of solutions is not assured. Such a class of systems may arise in the stability analysis of some closed‐loop control systems, as is the case that leads to this problem, namely, the application of the vertically transverse function approach to the practical point‐stabilization of underactuated mechanical systems evolving on Lie groups.
Cooperative Global Adaptive Output Regulation for Nonlinear Uncertain Multi‐Agent Systems with IISS Inverse Dynamics
Authors: Su Youfeng , Huang Jie 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe cooperative global adaptive output regulation of nonlinear multi‐agent systems with unity relative degree was studied recently for the case where the inverse dynamics of the follower subsystems are input‐to‐state stable (ISS). In this paper, we present a further result by relaxing the ISS assumption to the integral ISS (iISS) assumption. As the iISS condition is strictly weaker than the ISS condition, our result applies to a larger class of nonlinear multi‐agent systems.
Bifurcation Control Of A Fractional‐Order Van Der Pol Oscillator Based On The State Feedback
Authors: Xiao Min , Jiang Guoping , Zheng Wei Xing , Yan Senlin , Wan Youhong , Fan Chunxia 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this paper, a dynamic state feedback is applied to control Hopf bifurcations arising from a fractional‐order Van Der Pol oscillator. The degree parameter indicating the strength of the nonlinear damping is chosen as the bifurcation parameter. It is shown that in the absences of the dynamic state feedback controller, the fractional‐order Van Der Pol oscillator loses the stability via the Hopf bifurcation early, and can maintain the stability only in a certain domain of the degree parameter. When applying the state feedback controller to the fractional‐order Van Der Pol oscillator, the onset of the undesirable Hopf bifurcation is postponed. Thus, the stability domain is extended, and the system possesses the stability in a larger parameter range. Numerical simulations are given to justify the validity of the dynamic state feedback controller in bifurcation controls.
Influence of pH, temperature, and concentration on stabilization of aqueous hornet silk solution and fabrication of salt‐free materials
Authors: Kameda Tsunenori 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe found that an aqueous solution of silk from cocoons produced by hornet larvae (hornet silk) can be obtained when the solution is adjusted to basic conditions of pH > 9.2. It is known that native hornet cocoons can be dissolved in concentrated aqueous solution of salts, such as lithium bromide (LiBr) and calcium chloride (CaCl2). Upon the removal of these salts from solution by dialysis, solidification, gelation, or sedimentation of hornet silk is known to occur. In the present study, under basic conditions, however, no such solidification occurred, even after salt removal. In this study, ammonia was used for alkalization of solution because it is volatilized during the casting process and pure hornet silk materials can be obtained after drying. The effects of the concentrations of hornet silk and ammonia, as well as dialysis temperature, on preventing gelation during dialysis were investigated. Dialysis conditions that limit the degradation of hornet silk by hydrolysis in alkali solution were identified. Moreover, casting conditions to prepare flexible and transparent hornet silk film from aqueous ammonia solution were optimized. Molecular structural analysis of hornet silk in aqueous ammonia solution and cast film indicated the formation of α‐helix conformations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 41–52, 2015.
Rapid directed evolution of stabilized proteins with cellular high‐throughput encapsulation solubilization and screening (CHESS)
Authors: Yong K. J. , Scott D. J. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTDirected evolution is a powerful method for engineering proteins towards user‐defined goals and has been used to generate novel proteins for industrial processes, biological research and drug discovery. Typical directed evolution techniques include cellular display, phage display, ribosome display and water‐in‐oil compartmentalization, all of which physically link individual members of diverse gene libraries to their translated proteins. This allows the screening or selection for a desired protein function and subsequent isolation of the encoding gene from diverse populations. For biotechnological and industrial applications there is a need to engineer proteins that are functional under conditions that are not compatible with these techniques, such as high temperatures and harsh detergents. Cellular High‐throughput Encapsulation Solubilization and Screening (CHESS), is a directed evolution method originally developed to engineer detergent‐stable G proteins‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) for structural biology. With CHESS, library‐transformed bacterial cells are encapsulated in detergent‐resistant polymers to form capsules, which serve to contain mutant genes and their encoded proteins upon detergent mediated solubilization of cell membranes. Populations of capsules can be screened like single cells to enable rapid isolation of genes encoding detergent‐stable protein mutants. To demonstrate the general applicability of CHESS to other proteins, we have characterized the stability and permeability of CHESS microcapsules and employed CHESS to generate thermostable, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) resistant green fluorescent protein (GFP) mutants, the first soluble proteins to be engineered using CHESS. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 438–446. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First use of the WAVE™ disposable rocking bioreactor for enhanced bioproduct synthesis by N2‐fixing cyanobacteria
Authors: Cirés Samuel , Alvarez‐Roa Carlos , Heimann Kirsten 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTWAVE™ rocking disposable bioreactors have been successfully utilized for bioproduct development from bacteria, yeast, microalgae, and animal and plant cells but not from cyanobacteria so far. N2‐fixing cyanobacteria represent a prolific bioproducts source with reduced cultivation costs. In this study, 1 L cultures of the N2‐fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena siamensis grown diazotrophically in the WAVE™ bioreactor exhibited increased phosphate consumption and 37–70% higher CO2 fixation rates than those grown in conventional bubbled suspension (BS) batch cultures. This generated 40–80% increased biomass productivities in the WAVE™ bioreactor reaching 60 mg L−1 day−1 when supplemented with 10% CO2. Consequently, WAVE™ generated 36–153% more protein, lipid, and carbohydrate than BS, including 47–100% increased productivity of phycocyanin and stearidonic acid (SA) with relevant biomedical applications. While the type of culture system (BS or WAVETM) did not affect the biochemical profile of cyanobacterial biomass, 10% CO2 supplementation induced a significant decrease in fatty acids and phycocyanin contents (mg g−1 DW). Therefore, for commercial applications, the CO2 supplementation of WAVE™ should be optimized for each targeted bioproduct separately. This study opens possibilities for upgrading the WAVE™ systems to photobioreactors (PBRs) for bioproduct development from cyanobacteria, with opportunities and challenges critically evaluated herein. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 621–626. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed CH Activation with Isocyanates: A Versatile Route to Phthalimides
Authors: De Sarkar Suman , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA cationic ruthenium(II)‐complex was utilized in the efficient synthesis of phthalimide derivatives by CH activation with synthetically useful amides. The reaction proceeded through a mechanistically unique insertion of a cycloruthenated species into a CHet multiple bond of isocyanate. The novel method also proved applicable for the synthesis of heteroaromatic unsymmetric diamides as well as a potent COX‐2 enzyme inhibitor.
Monolithic Structure and Multiaxis Magnetic Sensing with Magnonic Crystals
Authors: Takagi Hiroyuki , Noda Josho , Ueno Tomomi , Kanazawa Naoki , Nakamura Yuichi , Inoue Mitsuteru 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYWe aim at the development of high‐sensitivity magnetic sensors with magnonic crystals at room temperature. We fabricated SmCo thin film magnets on magnonic crystals as a monolithic structure. We were able to excite spin waves and develop a magnonic band gap by means of the magnetic field of the thin film magnet. Since magnonic crystals have a high magnetic field dependence, there is potential for their use as magnetic sensors. The maximum response sensitivity of the magnonic crystals with SmCo thin film magnets was found to be 7900%/Oe. We also investigated two‐axis magnetic field sensing by spin waves.
Adding the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil, to losartan treatment markedly improves long‐term survival in rats with chronic heart failure
Authors: Li Meihua , Zheng Can , Kawada Toru , Inagaki Masashi , Uemura Kazunori , Sugimachi Masaru 
Published: September 2014

AimsModulation of vagal tone using electrical vagal nerve stimulation or pharmacological acetylcholinesterase inhibition by donepezil exerts beneficial effects in an animal model of chronic heart failure (CHF). Considering different treatment mechanisms underlying renin–angiotensin system (RAS) suppression and parasympathetic activation, we hypothesized that parasympathetic activation together with RAS inhibition could attenuate CHF progression. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the therapeutic effects of a combination of donepezil and losartan in CHF rats with extensive myocardial infarction (MI).Methods and resultsRats (n = 85) that had survived extensive MI were implanted with a blood pressure transmitter and were randomly assigned to receive either a combination of donepezil and losartan (DLT group) or losartan alone (LT group). Compared with the LT group, the DLT group showed a significantly lower heart rate without hypotension. DLT therapy further improved 280‐day overall survival relative to the LT group (31% vs. 8%, P = 0.022) by preventing cardiac dysfunction (LV dP/dtmax, 4064 ± 170 vs. 3430 ± 117 mmHg/s, P < 0.01; LV end‐diastolic pressure, 17 ± 2 vs. 22 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.05). DLT therapy was also associated with lower plasma BNP and catecholamine levels, lower cardiac angiotensin II concentrations, and higher capillary density in the peri‐infarct region.ConclusionsCombined treatment with donepezil and losartan prevented the progression of cardiac dysfunction and improved the long‐term survival of CHF rats with extensive MI, suggesting that this combination could be a novel pharmacotherapy for severe CHF.
Synthesis of Internal Alkynes by Pd(PPh3)4/TMEDA‐Catalyzed Kumada Cross‐Coupling of Alkynyl Halides with Grignard Reagents
Authors: Zhang Mao‐Mei , Gong Jun , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAlkynes serve as prevalent intermediates in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals. We here described a new and efficient route to internal alkynes by Pd‐catalyzed Kumada cross‐coupling reactions of alkynyl halides with Grignard reagents. In the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 and N1,N1,N2,N2‐tetramethylethane‐1,2‐diamine (TMEDA), a variety of alkynyl halides underwent Kumada coupling with Grignard reagents, giving the corresponding internal alkynes in moderate to good yields.
How Predictable Are Equity Covariance Matrices? Evidence from High‐Frequency Data for Four Markets
Authors: Buckle Mike , Chen Jing , Williams Julian 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTMost pricing and hedging models rely on the long‐run temporal stability of a sample covariance matrix. Using a large dataset of equity prices from four countries—the USA, UK, Japan and Germany—we test the stability of realized sample covariance matrices using two complementary approaches: a standard covariance equality test and a novel matrix loss function approach. Our results present a pessimistic outlook for equilibrium models that require the covariance of assets returns to mean revert in the long run. We find that, while a daily first‐order Wishart autoregression is the best covariance matrix‐generating candidate, this non‐mean‐reverting process cannot capture all of the time series variation in the covariance‐generating process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Conjugated Random Copolymer of Benzodithiophene‐Difluorobenzene‐Diketopyrrolopyrrole with Full Visible‐Light Absorption for Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Li Zhanfeng , Zhang Haiqing , Liu Weipeng , Xu Xiaoxiang , Si Changfeng , Cui Yanxia , Sun Qinjun , Wang Hua , Shi Fang , Hao Yuying 
Published: September 2014

Stille coupling polymerization is used to synthesize a new donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated random copolymer (PBDT‐DFB‐DPP) that comprises an electron‐rich benzodithiophene (BDT) unit in conjugation with electron‐deficient 2,5‐difluorobenzene (DFB) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) moieties, which have complementary light‐absorption behavior. The thermal, photophysical, and electrochemical properties of the polymer are investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The random copolymer exhibits both broad light absorption and a low‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level, which contribute to enhancement of the short‐circuit current density (Jsc) and open‐circuit voltage (Voc). A bulk‐heterojunction polymer solar cell fabricated from PBDT‐DFB‐DPP and PC60BM exhibits a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.50%.
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Spirometry and regular follow‐up do not improve quality of life in children or adolescents with asthma: Cluster randomized controlled trials
Authors: Abramson Michael J. , Schattner Rosa L. , Holton Christine , Simpson Pam , Briggs Nancy , Beilby Justin , Nelson Mark R. , Wood‐Baker Richard , Thien Francis , Sulaiman Nabil D. , Colle Eleonora Del , Wolfe Rory , Crockett Alan J. , Massie R. John 
Published: September 2014

SummaryRationaleTo determine whether spirometry and regular medical review improved quality of life or other outcomes in children and adolescents with asthma.MethodsWe conducted two cluster randomized controlled trials. We recruited 238 asthma patients aged between 7 and 17 years from 56 general practices in South Eastern Australia.Participants were randomized to receive an intervention that included spirometry or usual care. The main outcome measure was asthma related quality of life.ResultsBaseline characteristics were well matched between the intervention and control groups. Neither trial found any difference in asthma related quality of life between groups. However because of measurement properties, a formal meta‐analysis could not be performed. Nor were there any significant effects of the intervention upon asthma attacks, limitation to usual activities, nocturnal cough, bother during physical activity, worry about asthma, or written asthma action plans.ConclusionsThe findings do not support more widespread use of spirometry for the management of childhood asthma in general practice, unless it is integrated into a complete management model. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:947–954. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conceptualizing and Measuring Youth–Adult Partnership in Community Programs: A Cross National Study
Authors: Zeldin Shepherd , Krauss Steven Eric , Collura Jessica , Lucchesi Micaela , Sulaiman Abdul Hadi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractYouth participation in program and community decision making is framed by scholars as an issue of social justice, a platform for positive youth development and effective citizenry, and a strategy for nation building. Recent literature reviews have consistently identified youth–adult partnership (Y–AP) as an effective type of youth participation across highly diverse contexts. These same reviews, however, note that indicators of Y–AP have not been conceptualized and validated for measurement purposes. The present study addresses this limitation by developing a brief measure of Y–AP that is explicitly grounded in current theory, research, and community practice. The measure was administered to youth in the United States, Malaysia, and Portugal (N = 610). Validation was assessed through factor analysis and tests of factorial, discriminant, and concurrent validity. Results confirmed the two predicted dimensions of the Y–AP measure: youth voice in decision making and supportive adult relationships. These two dimensions were also found to be distinct from other measures of program quality: safety and engagement. As predicted, they also significantly correlated with measures of agency and empowerment. It is concluded that the measure has the potential to support community efforts to maximize the quality of youth programs.
Accuracy of Individualized Custom Tibial Cutting Guides in UKA
Authors: Heyse Thomas J. , Lipman Joseph D. , Imhauser Carl W. , Tucker Scott M. , Rajak Yogesh , Westrich Geoffrey H. 
Published: September 2014

Background Component malposition is one of the major reasons for early failure of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Questions/Purposes It was investigated how reproducibly patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) achieved preoperatively planned placement of the tibial component in UKA specifically assessing coronal alignment, slope and flexion of the components and axial rotation. Patients and Methods Based on computer tomography models of ten cadaver legs, PSI jigs were generated to guide cuts perpendicular to the tibial axis in the coronal and sagittal planes and in neutral axial rotation. Deviation ≥3° from the designed orientation in a postoperative CT was defined as outside the range of acceptable alignment. Results Mean coronal alignment was 0.4 ± 3.2° varus with two outliers. Mean slope was 2.8 ± 3.9° with six components in excessive flexion. It was noted that the implants were put in a mean of 1.7 ± 8.0° of external rotation with seven outliers Conclusions PSI helped achieve the planned coronal orientation of the component. The guides were less accurate in setting optimal tray rotation and slope.