bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small RNA Transcriptome of the Oral Microbiome during Periodontitis Progression
Authors: Duran-Pinedo Ana E. , Yost Susan , Frias-Lopez Jorge 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
The oral microbiome is one of the most complex microbial communities in the human body, and due to circumstances not completely understood, the healthy microbial community becomes dysbiotic, giving rise to periodontitis, a polymicrobial inflammatory disease. We previously reported the results of community-wide gene expression changes in the oral microbiome during periodontitis progression and identified signatures associated with increasing severity of the disease. Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) are key players in posttranscriptional regulation, especially in fast-changing environments such as the oral cavity. Here, we expanded our analysis to the study of the sRNA metatranscriptome during periodontitis progression on the same samples for which mRNA expression changes were analyzed. We observed differential expression of 12,097 sRNAs, identifying a total of 20 Rfam sRNA families as being overrepresented in progression and 23 at baseline. Gene ontology activities regulated by the differentially expressed (DE) sRNAs included amino acid metabolism, ethanolamine catabolism, signal recognition particle-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, intron splicing, carbohydrate metabolism, control of plasmid copy number, and response to stress. In integrating patterns of expression of protein coding transcripts and sRNAs, we found that functional activities of genes that correlated positively with profiles of expression of DE sRNAs were involved in pathogenesis, proteolysis, ferrous iron transport, and oligopeptide transport. These findings represent the first integrated sequencing analysis of the community-wide sRNA transcriptome of the oral microbiome during periodontitis progression and show that sRNAs are key regulatory elements of the dysbiotic process leading to disease.
Time to return to full training is delayed and recurrence rate is higher in intratendinous (‘c’) acute hamstring injury in elite track and field athletes: clinical application of the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification
Authors: Pollock Noel , Patel Anish , Chakraverty Julian , Suokas Anu , James Stephen L J , Chakraverty Robin 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundThe British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification describes acute muscle injuries and their anatomical site within muscle based on MRI parameters of injury extent. It grades injuries from 0 to 4 and classifies location based on a myofascial (a), musculotendinous (b) or intratendinous (c) description. This is a retrospective cohort study that assessed time to return to full training (TRFT) and injury recurrence in the different British Athletics classifications for hamstring injuries sustained by elite track and field (T&F) athletes over a 4-year period.MethodsThe electronic medical records (EMRs) of 230 elite British T&F athletes were reviewed. Athletes who sustained an acute hamstring injury, with MRI investigation within 7 days of injury, were included. MRI were graded by two musculoskeletal radiologists using the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification. The EMRs were reviewed by 2 sports physicians, blinded to the new classification; TRFT and injury recurrence were recorded.ResultsThere were 65 hamstring injuries in 44 athletes (24±4.4 years; 28 male, 16 female). TRFT differed among grades (p<0.001). Grade 3 injuries and ‘c’ injuries took significantly longer and grade 0 injuries took less TRFT. There were 12 re-injuries; the injury recurrence rate was significantly higher in intratendinous (c) injuries (p<0.001). There was no difference in re-injury rate between number grades 1–3, hamstring muscle affected, location (proximal vs central vs distal), age or sex.ConclusionsThis study describes the clinical application of the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification. Different categories of hamstring injuries had different TRFT and recurrence rate. Hamstring injuries that extend into the tendon (‘c’) are more prone to re-injury and delay TRFT.
Refractory depression: mechanisms and evaluation of radically open dialectical behaviour therapy (RO-DBT) [REFRAMED]: protocol for randomised trial
Authors: Lynch T R , Whalley B , Hempel R J , Byford S , Clarke P , Clarke S , Kingdon D , O'Mahen H , Russell I T , Shearer J , Stanton M , Swales M , Watkins A , Remington B 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionOnly 30–40% of depressed patients treated with medication achieve full remission. Studies that change medication or augment it by psychotherapy achieve only limited benefits, in part because current treatments are not designed for chronic and complex patients. Previous trials have excluded high-risk patients and those with comorbid personality disorder. Radically Open Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (RO-DBT) is a novel, transdiagnostic treatment for disorders of emotional over-control. The REFRAMED trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of RO-DBT for patients with treatment-resistant depression.Methods and analysisREFRAMED is a multicentre randomised controlled trial, comparing 7 months of individual and group RO-DBT treatment with treatment as usual (TAU). Our primary outcome measure is depressive symptoms 12 months after randomisation. We shall estimate the cost-effectiveness of RO-DBT by cost per quality-adjusted life year. Causal analyses will explore the mechanisms by which RO-DBT is effective.Ethics and disseminationThe National Research Ethics Service (NRES) Committee South Central – Southampton A first granted ethical approval on 20 June 2011, reference number 11/SC/0146.Trial registration numberISRCTN85784627.
Usefulness of flat detector CT (FD-CT) with biplane fluoroscopy for complication avoidance during radiofrequency thermal rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Easwer Hariharan Venkat Iyer , Chatterjee Nilay , Thomas Ajith , Santhosh Kannath , Raman Kapilamoorthy Tirur , Sridhar Rupa 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is characterized by episodes of shooting pain in the areas innervated by one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The initial treatment of TN is with drugs but the increased frequency and intensity of the neuralgic episodes often force the patient to seek alternative therapies. Microvascular decompression (MVD) and radiofrequency thermal lesioning of trigeminal rootlets (RFTR) offer close to the best results for TN. MVD has the disadvantage of being an open surgical procedure with its attendant risks and longer hospital stay, whereas RFTR is a short, ‘day-care’ procedure. However this latter procedure involves positioning of the RF needle in the area behind the trigeminal ganglion through the foramen ovale, which can pose significant challenges.ObjectiveTo use the fluoroscopic support of a biplane catheter laboratory to access the foramen, and flat detector CT to confirm the location of the tip of the RF needle in the optimal position.MethodsFifty-three patients with TN underwent RFTR under local anesthesia with conscious sedation.ResultsAll patients reported pain relief with hypesthesia over the offending trigeminal division. In seven patients the needle tip required repositioning according to the CT images. Two patients each had loss of corneal reflex and abducens nerve palsy after the procedure. No other complications were seen.ConclusionsThe superior view in two planes coupled with the anatomical confirmation of the position of the needle tip in the Meckel's cave during the rhizotomy reduces the need for multiple passages of the needle to access the foramen ovale and achieves accurate needle tip positioning. The technique increases the safety and precision of such treatments and helps to manage potential complications.
FDA Approval Summary: Olaparib Monotherapy in Patients with Deleterious Germline BRCA-Mutated Advanced Ovarian Cancer Treated with Three or More Lines of Chemotherapy
Authors: Kim Geoffrey , Ison Gwynn , McKee Amy E. , Zhang Hui , Tang Shenghui , Gwise Thomas , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Lee Eunice , Tzou Abraham , Philip Reena , Chiu Haw-Jyh , Ricks Tiffany K. , Palmby Todd , Russell Anne Marie , Ladouceur Gaetan , Pfuma Elimika , Li Hongshan , Zhao Liang , Liu Qi , Venugopal Rajesh , Ibrahim Amna , Pazdur Richard 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
On December 19, 2014, the FDA approved olaparib capsules (Lynparza; AstraZeneca) for the treatment of patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm) advanced ovarian cancer who have been treated with three or more prior lines of chemotherapy. The BRACAnalysis CDx (Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc.) was approved concurrently. An international multicenter, single-arm trial enrolled 137 patients with measurable gBRCAm-associated ovarian cancer treated with three or more prior lines of chemotherapy. Patients received olaparib at a dose of 400 mg by mouth twice daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The objective response rate (ORR) was 34% with median response duration of 7.9 months in this cohort. The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) in patients treated with olaparib were anemia, nausea, fatigue (including asthenia), vomiting, diarrhea, dysgeusia, dyspepsia, headache, decreased appetite, nasopharyngitis/pharyngitis/upper respiratory infection, cough, arthralgia/musculoskeletal pain, myalgia, back pain, dermatitis/rash, and abdominal pain/discomfort. Myelodysplatic syndrome and/or acute myeloid leukemia occurred in 2% of the patients enrolled on this trial. Clin Cancer Res; 21(19); 4257–61. ©2015 AACR.
The Effects of Driver Distraction for Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injuries
Authors: Neyens David M. , Boyle Linda Ng , Schultheis Maria T. 
Published: July 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of secondary tasks on the driving performance of individuals with mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Background: Studies suggest detrimental impacts of driving with TBI or while distracted but the impact of driver distraction on TBI drivers is not well documented. Method: Bayesian regression models were used to estimate the effect of relatively simple secondary tasks on driving performance of TBI and healthy control (HC) drivers. A driving simulator was used to develop prior distribution of task effects on driving performance for HCs. An on-road study was conducted with TBI and HC drivers to generate effect estimates for the posterior distributions. The Bayesian models were also compared to frequentist models. Results: During a coin-sorting task, all drivers exhibited larger maximum lateral acceleration and larger standard deviation of speed than in a baseline driving segment. There were no significant driving performance differences between the TBI and the HC drivers during the tasks. Across all tasks, TBI drivers spent more time looking at the tasks and made more frequent glances toward the tasks. Conclusions: The findings show that even drivers with mild TBI have significantly longer and more glances toward the tasks compared to the HCs. Application: This study demonstrates a Bayesian approach and how the results differ from frequentist statistics. Using prior distributions in a Bayesian model helps account for the probabilities associated with otherwise unknown parameters. This method strengthens the Bayesian parameter estimates compared to that of a frequentist model.
Governmental accounting in Malta towards IPSAS within the context of the European Union
Authors: Jones Rowan , Caruana Josette 
Published: July 2015

The central Government of Malta has had an accrual accounting reform in process since 1999. Originally, the accrual accounting reform envisaged developing and implementing a tailor-made set of accounting standards. These were developed but not implemented. In 2011 the central Government of Malta decided instead to fully adopt IPSAS. By means of documentary research, supported by interviews, this study tries to identify the underlying factors that led to this decision. The institutional theoretical framework is used to analyse the findings. The findings show that, in Malta, credibility is regarded as the most important factor, which will be provided by the adoption of internationally recognised and accepted standards. It is claimed that EU pressure had nothing to do with the Maltese government’s decision on accounting policy, but an undercurrent of such potential pressure is experienced. Points for practitioners One advantage of an accrual accounting system is that accrual data is generated from the accounting system, but this accrual data would still need to be reviewed in order to make it ESA-compliant. The solution proposed by the EU Commission is to revise IPSAS and minimise the differences with ESA. The feasibility of this solution is questionable given that the objectives of IPSAS and ESA are different and relate to different types of reporting. They purport to measure the same thing, that is the deficits and debts of a government, but they do not. In order for such convergence to be considered, one financial measure would have to give way to the other.
Sonographic Prevalence of Groin Hernias and Adductor Tendinopathy in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Naal Florian D. , Dalla Riva Francesco , Wuerz Thomas H. , Dubs Beat , Leunig Michael 
Published: July 2015

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common debilitating condition that is associated with groin pain and limitation in young and active patients. Besides FAI, various disorders such as hernias, adductor tendinopathy, athletic pubalgia, lumbar spine affections, and others can cause similar symptoms. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of inguinal and/or femoral herniation and adductor insertion tendinopathy using dynamic ultrasound in a cohort of patients with radiographic evidence of FAI. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 74 patients (36 female and 38 male; mean age, 29 years; 83 symptomatic hips) with groin pain and radiographic evidence of FAI. In addition to the usual diagnostic algorithm, all patients underwent a dynamic ultrasound examination for signs of groin herniation and tendinopathy of the proximal insertion of the adductors. Results: Evidence of groin herniation was found in 34 hips (41%). There were 27 inguinal (6 female, 21 male) and 10 femoral (9 female, 1 male) hernias. In 3 cases, inguinal and femoral herniation was coexistent. Overall, 5 patients underwent subsequent hernia repair. Patients with groin herniation were significantly older than those without (33 vs 27 years, respectively; P = .01). There were no significant differences for any of the radiographic or clinical parameters. Tendinopathy of the proximal adductor insertion was detected in 19 cases (23%; 11 female, 8 male). Tendinopathy was coexistent with groin herniation in 8 of the 19 cases. There were no significant differences for any of the radiographic or clinical parameters between patients with or without tendinopathy. Patients with a negative diagnostic hip injection result were more likely to have a concomitant groin hernia than those with a positive injection result (80% vs 27%, respectively). Overall, 38 hips underwent FAI surgery with satisfactory outcomes in terms of score values and subjective improvement. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that groin herniation and adductor insertion tendinopathy coexist frequently in patients with FAI. Although the clinical effect is yet unclear, 5 patients underwent hernia repair. Dynamic ultrasound is a useful tool to detect such pathological abnormalities. Diagnostic hip injections can be helpful to differentiate between the sources of pain.
Twenty-Year Outcomes of a Longitudinal Prospective Evaluation of Isolated Endoscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Patellar Tendon Autografts
Authors: Thompson Simon , Salmon Lucy , Waller Alison , Linklater James , Roe Justin , Pinczewski Leo 
Published: July 2015

Background: Long-term prospective follow-up studies of single-incision endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are limited and may include confounding factors. Purpose: This longitudinal prospective study reports the outcomes of isolated ACL reconstruction using middle-third patellar tendon autografts in 90 patients over 20 years. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Between January 1993 and April 1994, a total of 90 patients met study inclusion criteria: evaluation at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 years after surgery. Exclusion criteria were associated ligamentous injuries requiring surgery, previous meniscectomy or meniscal injuries requiring more than one-third meniscectomy, chondral injuries, and an abnormal contralateral knee. Results: At 20 years, 32 (36%) patients had sustained another ACL injury: 8 (9%) to the index limb and 27 (30%) to the contralateral limb (3 injuring both knees). The mean International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score was 86. Of the patients, 50% participated in strenuous/very strenuous activities, and kneeling pain was present in 63%. Radiographic degenerative change was found in 61%; 20% had IKDC grade C, and 0% had grade D. The IKDC clinical examination revealed that 95% had a normal/nearly normal knee. Significant sex differences existed: when compared with male patients, female patients were less likely to reinjure the reconstructed ACL (18% vs 2%, respectively; P = .01), reported poorer IKDC subjective scores (90 vs 83, respectively; P = .03), had more activity-related pain (20% vs 57%, respectively; P = .02), and were less likely to participate in strenuous activities (66% vs 35%, respectively; P = .009). ACL graft survival was not related to age. Patients <18 years old had an increased odds ratio (3.2) for rupturing the contralateral ACL. A coronal graft angle <17° increased the risk of failure compared with an angle >17° (77% vs 96% survival, respectively) by a factor of 8.5. Conclusion: Injuries more commonly occurred in the contralateral ACL than in the reconstructed ACL graft, and the most significant predictor of a contralateral ACL injury was age <18 years. The most significant predictor of an ACL graft rupture was a coronal graft angle <17°. Female patients had lower rerupture rates, poorer subjective scores, and decreased participation in strenuous activities, putting the graft at a lower risk of failure. Kneeling pain remained persistent over 20 years. Radiographic osteoarthritis was evident in 61% of patients, but symptomatic osteoarthritic symptoms were rarely reported.
A Review of the Research on Pinkston’s Single-Parent Group Training Program
Authors: Briggs Harold E. , Cox Wendell H. , Sharkey Caroline N. , Briggs Adam C. , Black Michelle 
Published: July 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to chronicle the extent to which the Pinkston and colleagues model is utilized in single-parent training group (SPG) interventions in the home environment for children aged 5 to 12 or preadolescent school-aged children. Methods: Several databases were searched electronically and independent full reviews were conducted with N = 7 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results: We identified the outcome measures of relevant studies of SPG interventions across five content themes: (1) rate of positive parent attention, (2) change in rate of negative parent attention, (3) change in rate of child compliance, (4) change in rate of child chore completion, and (5) change in nature of parent–child dyad. A review of the research provided empirical evidence that SPG interventions are effective in increasing positive parent–child social interactions, child compliance, and differential attention that correlates to the modification of problematic and oppositional child behaviors. Conclusions: The studies herein provide guidance and suggestions for future interventions utilizing SPG approaches.
Outcome of Distal First Metatarsal Osteotomy Shortening in Hallux Rigidus Grades II and III
Authors: Ceccarini Paolo , Ceccarini Alfredo , Rinonapoli Giuseppe , Caraffa Auro 
Published: July 2015

Background: Existing techniques for operative treatment of hallux rigidus commonly combine skeletal and soft tissue interventions to obtain long-lasting relief of pain. To date, operative treatments include implant arthroplasty, cheilectomy, various osteotomies, nonimplant arthroplasty, and arthrodesis. We assessed a technique that respects the anatomy and joint function and used a shortening osteotomy of the head of the first metatarsal. Methods: We evaluated a series of 40 consecutive patients affected by grade II and III hallux rigidus, aged 32 to 79 years, who had undergone surgery from January 2010 to January 2014. All patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically, preoperatively and postoperatively, and underwent a final follow-up at a mean of 35.4 (range = 12-51) months. For the clinical evaluation, the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) clinical rating scale for the hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joints was used. Results: A patient survey revealed excellent and good overall satisfaction in 90% of the sample. Postoperative results included a significant increase ( P < .001) in the median global AOFAS score, from 39 (range = 25-60) to 84 (range = 78-94). Conclusions: The technique of a shortening osteotomy of the first metatarsal head appeared to be useful for the correction of stiffness, pain relief, and an improvement in range of motion. Other advantages were that it preserved the integrity of the metatarsophalangeal joint and led to a rapid functional recovery. Level of evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Evaluation of Evidence for Acne Remission With Oral Isotretinoin Cumulative Dosing of 120-150 mg/kg
Authors: Tan Jerry , Knezevic Sanja , Boyal Sanwarjit , Waterman Brad , Janik Toni 
Published: July 2015

Background: Oral isotretinoin (ISO) is the standard of care for severe inflammatory acne and a threshold dose of 120-150 mg/kg is widely regarded as increasing remission potential. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the evidence underlying ISO dosing of 120-150 mg/kg in acne remission. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using keywords “acne,” “isotretinoin,” “efficacy,” “dosing,” “relapse,” and “remission.” Results: Definitions for acne clearance, relapse/remission, and treatment endpoint vary widely across studies. Only 2 studies explicitly evaluated the cumulative dose of 120-150 mg/kg for induction of acne remission—both low grade. Conclusion: The threshold dose of 120-150 mg/kg for oral ISO is based on past parameters of treatment duration and prior studies used vague or inconsistent definitions of clearance and remission. Optimal cumulative doses of ISO required to induce remission appears to vary with severity.
Dosing Accuracy of Two Disposable Insulin Pens According to New ISO 11608-1
Authors: Abdel-Tawab Mona , Schmitz Mario , Kamlot Stefan , Schubert-Zsilavecz Manfred 
Published: July 2015

Objective: The aim was to compare 2 disposable insulin pens, FlexTouch® (Novo Nordisk, insulin aspart) and SoloSTAR® (Sanofi, insulin glulisine), according to new ISO 11608-1:2012 requirements for dosing accuracy. Methods: Sixty pens of each type were tested at 1, 40, and 80 U doses. Following the new ISO requirements, each dose was delivered from the front, middle, and rear one-third of the pen. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test. Results: Both pens delivered all doses within ISO limits. The difference between the average measured dose and the target dose was significantly smaller for SoloSTAR than FlexTouch at 40 U ( P = .009) and 80 U ( P = .008), but not at 1 U ( P = .417). Conclusion: Both insulin pens fulfilled the dosing accuracy requirements defined by ISO 11608-1:2012 at all 3 dosage levels.