bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RiceLHS1/OsMADS1Controls Floret Meristem Specification by Coordinated Regulation of Transcription Factors and Hormone Signaling Pathways
Authors: Khanday Imtiyaz , Yadav Shri Ram , Vijayraghavan Usha 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSEPALLATA (SEP) MADS box transcription factors mediate floral development in association with other regulators. Mutants in five rice (Oryza sativa) SEP genes suggest both redundant and unique functions in panicle branching and floret development. LEAFY HULL STERILE1 /OsMADS1, from a grass-specific subgroup of LOFSEP genes, is required for specifying a single floret on the spikelet meristem and for floret organ development, but its downstream mechanisms are unknown. Here, key pathways and directly modulated targets of OsMADS1 were deduced from expression analysis after its knockdown and induction in developing florets and by studying its chromatin occupancy at downstream genes. The negative regulation of OsMADS34, another LOFSEP gene, and activation of OsMADS55, a SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-like floret meristem identity gene, show its role in facilitating the spikelet-to-floret meristem transition. Direct regulation of other transcription factor genes like OsHB4 (a class III homeodomain Leu zipper member), OsBLH1 (a BEL1-like homeodomain member), OsKANADI2, OsKANADI4, and OsETTIN2 show its role in meristem maintenance, determinacy, and lateral organ development. We found that the OsMADS1 targets OsETTIN1 and OsETTIN2 redundantly ensure carpel differentiation. The multiple effects of OsMADS1 in promoting auxin transport, signaling, and auxin-dependent expression and its direct repression of three cytokinin A-type response regulators show its role in balancing meristem growth, lateral organ differentiation, and determinacy. Overall, we show that OsMADS1 integrates transcriptional and signaling pathways to promote rice floret specification and development.
Indian Punjabi skilled migrants in Britain: of brain drain and under‐employment
Authors: Qureshi Kaveri , Varghese V.J. , Osella Filippo 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the careers of skilled migrants from Indian Punjab. This study complicates the normalization of skilled migration as a “win‐win” situation by examining the career trajectories of skilled migrants from the Indian Punjab who are trying to establish themselves in Britain.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines 20 life history interviews undertaken with skilled migrants from the Indian Punjab to Britain, in IT, media, law and hospitality industries, health and welfare professionals, and student migrants.FindingsSkilled migrants were able to migrate on their own auspices through migration economies in Punjab. Once in Britain, however, they were directed to universities and labour markets in which they were not able to use their skills. They experienced under‐employment, devaluation of their qualifications and downward mobility, which forced them into ethnic and gendered markets within their home networks and created ambivalence about migrant success and issues of return.Research limitations/implicationsThe study emphasizes the need to take a transnational lens when looking at skilled migration, address how migrants’ career trajectories are limited by racism, anti‐immigration sentiment and gender inequality, and consider temporality and uncertainty.Originality/valueThe paper raises questions concerning the ways in which rapidly changing “managed migration” policies in Britain have burdened individual migrants.
The impact of upstream supply and downstream demand integration on quality management and quality performance
Authors: Sun Hongyi , Ni Wenbin 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThere are many studies on the impact of supply chain integration (SCI) on performance. However, the definitions, the measurements, the sample sizes, and scope of both SCI and the performance vary significantly from research to research. Conclusions are not consistent either. Researchers still believe that little is known about the impact of SCI on performance and call for more empirical research. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact on quality practices and quality performance of upstream integration with suppliers and downstream integration with customers.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on the empirical data from a large international survey of over 600 manufacturing companies from 20 countries. An intensive literature review was conducted on the definition and scope of SCI as well as its relationship with quality practice and performances. In total, five hypotheses were formulated and a conceptual model was proposed. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses reflecting and interrelationship among the four variables.FindingsThe research reveals that downstream integration with customers influences both the quality management practice and the quality performance of the company, while upstream integration with suppliers only influences the quality practice but not the quality performance.Originality/valueThis research is different to previous research in three aspects. First, SCI covers both the upstream integration with suppliers and downstream integration with customers. Second, integration measurement covers both material integration and information integration. Third, it considers both quality management practices and quality performance.
Design of EWMA control chart for minimizing the proportion of defective units
Authors: Shamsuzzaman Mohammad , Wu Zhang 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts are widely used in industries for monitoring small and moderate process shifts. The purpose of this paper is to develop an algorithm for the optimization design of the EWMA chart (known as MD‐EWMA chart).Design/methodology/approachThe design algorithm adjusts the sample size n, sampling interval h, lower and upper control limits LCL and UCL, and the EWMA weight factor λ of the chart in an optimal manner in order to minimize the mean number of defective units (denoted as MD) produced per out‐of‐control case. The probability distribution of the random process shift (e.g. mean shift δ) is taken into account that may be modeled by a Rayleigh distribution based on the sample data acquired during the operation of the control chart.FindingsThe results of the comparison studies and an example show that the proposed MD‐EWMA chart is significantly superior to the Shewhart‐type MD‐X¯ chart and the other EWMA charts in terms of the overall mean defective MD.Originality/valueAs the economic charts, the proposed MD‐EWMA chart aims at reducing the quality cost. But the design of this chart only requires limited number of specifications that can be easily determined. Consequently, the MD chart provides the control chart designers with an alternative choice between the statistical design and the economic design. Specifically, the mean shift δ is handled as a random variable by using a parametric or nonparametric approach to manipulate the sample data of δ acquired during the operation of the control chart. The MD counts the number of defective units produced per out of control case; so the design of control chart based on MD is more realistic from a practical viewpoint. In addition, the design of MD‐EWMA chart combines forecasting with controlling methods of quality management.
The training of sales managers: current practices
Authors: Gordon Geoffrey L. , Shepherd C. David , Lambert Brian , Ridnour Rick E. , Weilbaker Dan C. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine sales manager training approaches, methods, and instructors (as well as their perceived effectiveness, frequency, and assessment).Design/methodology/approachUtilizing a survey approach, data were collected (and analyzed) from 355 members of two associations: the United Professional Sales Association and the American Society for Training and Development.FindingsFirst, internal training approaches and instructors are most commonly used and perceived as most effective. Second, sales managers are exposed to a wide variety of training content as part of their training activities. Third, the frequency, duration, and assessment of training vary widely among respondent organizations.Research limitations/implicationsThe utilized sample of sales managers and trainers are employed by firms within the USA. Cultural differences could exist in training practices, training content, and perceptions of effectiveness among respondents from other countries.Practical implicationsFirst, sales manager training activities lie on a continuum that complicates effectiveness measurement. Second, sales manager training should be provided in the field by those who are either senior to or more knowledgeable on the training topic(s) than the sales manager. Third, internet‐based training methods are still in their infancy. Fourth, the complexities associated with the sales manager position lead to a need for varied training being delivered by diverse instructors.Originality/valueAlmost a decade has passed since the last empirical studies of the “nuts and bolts” of sales manager training practices were published. The current study builds on previous work by utilizing a larger sample and incorporating technology advances and new content areas (e.g. financial analysis, networking, partnering, cross‐functional activities).
An assessment of innovativeness in KIBS: implications on KIBS' co-creation culture, innovation capability, and performance
Authors: Leticia Santos-Vijande María , González-Mieres Celina , Ángel López-Sánchez Jose 
Published: March 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between innovative culture, innovation efforts, and their performance among knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). Innovation intensity is evaluated in the technical and administrative domains. Performance indicators include customer-related outcomes and market and financial results relative to competition. To provide insight into how innovativeness contributes to sustaining a KIBS' competitiveness, the mediating role of its predisposition to involve customers and front-line employees in new service development is also considered.

Design/methodology/approach
– In accordance with the objectives of the research, and from an extensive review of the literature, the authors develop a conceptual model and test it on a sample of 154 Spanish KIBS using structural equation modelling.

Findings
– The results show that KIBS' appraisal of customers' and front-line employees' participation in new service co-creation is strongly determined by the firm's innovative culture. Organizations with a greater predisposition to new service co-creation achieve higher innovation rates which lead to sustained performance.

Originality/value
– As dynamism of the KIBS sector has an impact on the whole economy it is also necessary to understand the most advisable management practices in KIBS to foster innovation and improved performance, although relatively few studies have approached this issue. The importance of customers and front-line employees as co-creators in new service development (NSD) is generally appreciated, although the literature is not conclusive with respect to the feasibility of co-creation and its influence on a firm's performance. The present research introduces an organizational perspective to approach co-creation by analyzing how various organizational cultural types (innovativeness, and the appraisal of front-line employees and customers as co-creators in NSD) interact and contribute to KIBS' competitiveness.
All the world's a stage
Authors: Botes Vida 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe aim is to portray the role that accounts play in society through representation in colour.Design/methodology/approachThis is a fictional poem.FindingsThe author uses an existing poem by playwright William Shakespeare and adapts it to reflect the role of accountants in society.Originality/valueUsing poetic rhyme, this paper represents a unique attempt to write about the different roles of accountants in modern society.
I am the very model of a special purpose vehicle
Authors: Woods Margaret 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a critical comment on complex funding systems.Design/methodology/approachThis is a critical comment written in the form of a poem. The poem is in the style of the English light opera composers Gilbert and Sullivan, and is a variation on their song “I Am the Very Model of a Modern Major General”, from The Pirates of Penzance.FindingsThe poem spotlights financial failure.Originality/valueThe poem spotlights the crazy names and poor transparency of special purpose vehicles.
Pseudo‐remote reference processing of magnetotelluric data: a fast and efficient data acquisition scheme for local arrays
Authors: Muñoz G. , Ritter O. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe basic physical properties of the magnetic source field, namely its homogeneity and spatial coherence, have been used for a variety of magnetotelluric processing techniques including remote reference processing. In the present work we propose a data acquisition and processing technique for a large number of stations distributed over a localized area ideally on a grid. For pseudo‐remote reference processing it is necessary to use the following station setup: five‐component MT data are only measured at some sites (base stations) while at the majority of sites (local stations) only the electric and vertical magnetic fields are recorded. The impedance tensor and vertical magnetic transfer functions at each local station are computed by assigning the magnetic fields of a base station to the local station as if they had been measured there. This approach can lead to biased or erroneous estimates of local transfer functions at stations in the vicinity of strong conductivity contrasts that can be corrected using the interstation transfer functions between the horizontal magnetic fields measured at the base station(s).We test this approach with a data set collected in the vicinity of the Groß Schönebeck geothermal test site. Magnetotelluric data were collected at 146 local and 5 base stations distributed over an approximately 5 km × 25 km wide grid with site spacing ranging from 500 m × 500 m to 1000 m × 1000 m in the frequency range 128–0.001Hz. The obtained pseudo‐remote reference transfer functions are generally smooth and consistent and conductivity models obtained from 2D inversion of the data are in agreement with previous conductivity models from the study area.
An estimation method for effective stress changes in a reservoir from 4D seismics data
Authors: Garcia Alejandro , MacBeth Colin 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTAdvances in seismics acquisition and processing and the widespread use of 4D seismics have made available reliable production‐induced subsurface deformation data in the form of overburden time‐shifts. Inversion of these data is now beginning to be used as an aid to the monitoring of a reservoir's effective stress. Past solutions to this inversion problem have relied upon analytic calculations for an unrealistically simplified subsurface, which can lead to uncertainties. To enhance the accuracy of this approach, a method based on transfer functions is proposed in which the function itself is calibrated using numerically generated overburden strain deformation calculated for a small select group of reference sources. This technique proves to be a good compromise between the faster but more accurate history match of the overburden strain using a geomechanical simulator and the slower, less accurate analytic method. Synthetic tests using a coupled geomechanical and fluid flow simulator for the South Arne field confirm the efficacy of the method. Application to measured time‐shifts from observed 4D seismics indicates compartmentalization in the Tor reservoir, more heterogeneity than is currently considered in the simulation model and moderate connectivity with the overlying Ekofisk formation.
Strategies for fitting nonlinear ecological models in R, AD Model Builder, and BUGS
Authors: Bolker Benjamin M. , Gardner Beth , Maunder Mark , Berg Casper W. , Brooks Mollie , Comita Liza , Crone Elizabeth , Cubaynes Sarah , Davies Trevor , de Valpine Perry , Ford Jessica , Gimenez Olivier , Kéry Marc , Kim Eun Jung , Lennert‐Cody Cleridy , Magnusson Arni , Martell Steve , Nash John , Nielsen Anders , Regetz Jim , Skaug Hans , Zipkin Elise 
Published: March 2013

Summary

Ecologists often use nonlinear fitting techniques to estimate the parameters of complex ecological models, with attendant frustration. This paper compares three open‐source model fitting tools and discusses general strategies for defining and fitting models.

R is convenient and (relatively) easy to learn, AD Model Builder is fast and robust but comes with a steep learning curve, while BUGS provides the greatest flexibility at the price of speed.

Our model‐fitting suggestions range from general cultural advice (where possible, use the tools and models that are most common in your subfield) to specific suggestions about how to change the mathematical description of models to make them more amenable to parameter estimation.

A companion web site (https://groups.nceas.ucsb.edu/non-linear-modeling/projects) presents detailed examples of application of the three tools to a variety of typical ecological estimation problems; each example links both to a detailed project report and to full source code and data.
Timing and intensity of bush cricket predation on egg batches of pine processionary moth: no evidence of population control
Authors: Hódar José A. , Torres‐Muros Lucía , Senhadji Karim 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Bush crickets (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) are known predators of egg batches of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Denis and Schiffermüller, Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), a severe pest in Mediterranean pine woodlands. Bush crickets have been proposed as biological control agents of T. pityocampa populations, although their characteristics as generalist predators suggest that this would be possible only during the low‐density phases of the processionary population cycle.
We combined observational and experimental approaches aiming to determine the role played by the bush cricket Steropleurus andalusius as a regulator of T. pityocampa.
The synchrony of the phenology of T. pityocampa egg batches and the activity of bush crickets was poor, with the activity of bush crickets being longer than the period during which egg batches were available.
The predation rate of bush crickets reached 23%, varied in time and space, and was independent of T. pityocampa egg‐batch density. There was no relationship between the egg‐batch densities and bush cricket abundance, and no response to experimental variations in egg‐batch density.
Analysis of microhabitat selection suggests that T. pityocampa egg‐batch predation is a by‐product of the substrate selected by bush crickets for mating, and does not correspond with active searching of egg batches as food.
These findings do not rule out the possibilty of bush crickets being natural regulators of T. pityocampa populations, although they impose limits with respect to their future use in biological control.
Decreasing mortality and changing patterns of causes of death in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Authors: Weber R , Ruppik M , Rickenbach M , Spoerri A , Furrer H , Battegay M , Cavassini M , Calmy A , Bernasconi E , Schmid P , Flepp M , Kowalska J , Ledergerber B ,   Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS)
Published: March 2013

BackgroundMortality among HIV‐infected persons is decreasing, and causes of death are changing. Classification of deaths is hampered because of low autopsy rates, frequent deaths outside of hospitals, and shortcomings of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD‐10) coding.MethodsWe studied mortality among Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) participants (1988–2010) and causes of death using the Coding Causes of Death in HIV (CoDe) protocol (2005–2009). Furthermore, we linked the SHCS data to the Swiss National Cohort (SNC) cause of death registry.ResultsAIDS‐related mortality peaked in 1992 [11.0/100 person‐years (PY)] and decreased to 0.144/100 PY (2006); non‐AIDS‐related mortality ranged between 1.74 (1993) and 0.776/100 PY (2006); mortality of unknown cause ranged between 2.33 and 0.206/100 PY. From 2005 to 2009, 459 of 9053 participants (5.1%) died. Underlying causes of deaths were: non‐AIDS malignancies [total, 85 (19%) of 446 deceased persons with known hepatitis C virus (HCV) status; HCV‐negative persons, 59 (24%); HCV‐coinfected persons, 26 (13%)]; AIDS [73 (16%); 50 (21%); 23 (11%)]; liver failure [67 (15%); 12 (5%); 55 (27%)]; non‐AIDS infections [42 (9%); 13 (5%); 29 (14%)]; substance use [31 (7%); 9 (4%); 22 (11%)]; suicide [28 (6%); 17 (7%), 11 (6%)]; myocardial infarction [28 (6%); 24 (10%), 4 (2%)]. Characteristics of deceased persons differed in 2005 vs. 2009: median age (45 vs. 49 years, respectively); median CD4 count (257 vs. 321 cells/μL, respectively); the percentage of individuals who were antiretroviral therapy‐naïve (13 vs. 5%, respectively); the percentage of deaths that were AIDS‐related (23 vs. 9%, respectively); and the percentage of deaths from non‐AIDS‐related malignancies (13 vs. 24%, respectively). Concordance in the classification of deaths was 72% between CoDe and ICD‐10 coding in the SHCS; and 60% between the SHCS and the SNC registry.ConclusionsMortality in HIV‐positive persons decreased to 1.33/100 PY in 2010. Hepatitis B or C virus coinfections increased the risk of death. Between 2005 and 2009, 84% of deaths were non‐AIDS‐related. Causes of deaths varied according to data source and coding system.
Fragmentation of an aflatoxin‐like gene cluster in a forest pathogen
Authors: Bradshaw Rosie E. , Slot Jason C. , Moore Geromy G. , Chettri Pranav , de Wit Pierre J. G. M. , Ehrlich Kenneth C. , Ganley Austen R. D. , Olson Malin A. , Rokas Antonis , Carbone Ignazio , Cox Murray P. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryPlant pathogens use a complex arsenal of weapons, such as toxic secondary metabolites, to invade and destroy their hosts. Knowledge of how secondary metabolite pathways evolved is central to understanding the evolution of host specificity. The secondary metabolite dothistromin is structurally similar to aflatoxins and is produced by the fungal pine pathogenDothistroma septosporum. Our study focused on dothistromin genes, which are widely dispersed across one chromosome, to determine whether this unusual distributed arrangement evolved from an ancestral cluster.We combined comparative genomics and population genetics approaches to elucidate the origins of the dispersed arrangement of dothistromin genes over a broad evolutionary time‐scale at the phylum, class and species levels.Orthologs of dothistromin genes were found in two major classes of fungi. Their organization is consistent with clustering of core pathway genes in a common ancestor, but with intermediate cluster fragmentation states in theDothideomycetes fungi. Recombination hotspots in aD. septosporumpopulation matched sites of gene acquisition and cluster fragmentation at higher evolutionary levels.The results suggest that fragmentation of a larger ancestral cluster gave rise to the arrangement seen inD. septosporum. We propose that cluster fragmentation may facilitate metabolic retooling and subsequent host adaptation of plant pathogens.