bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clozapine-carboxylic acid plasticized co-amorphous dispersions: Preparation, characterization and solution stability evaluation
Authors: Ali Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelhaleem , Ali Adel Ahmed , Maghrabi Ibrahim Abdullah 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This study addressed the possibility of forming of co-amorphous systems between clozapine (CZ) and various carboxylic acid plasticizers (CAPs). The aim was to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of clozapine. Co-amorphous dispersions were prepared using modified solvent evaporation methodology at drug/plasticizer stoichiometric ratios of 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2. Solid state characterization was performed using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and infra red spectroscopy. Highly soluble homogeneous co-amorphous dispersions were formed between clozapine and CAPs via hydrogen bonding. The co-amorphous dispersions formed with tartaric acid (1:2) showed the highest dissolution percentage (> 95 % in 20 minutes) compared to pure crystalline CZ (56 %). Highly stable solutions were obtained from co-amorphous CZ-citric and CZ-tartaric acid at 1:1.5 molar ratio. The prepared dispersions suggest the possibility of peroral or sublingual administration of highly soluble clozapine at a reduced dose with the great chance to bypass the first pass metabolism.
Virosome, a hybrid vehicle for efficient and safe drug delivery and its emerging application in cancer treatment
Authors: Liu Hanqing , Tu Zhigang , Feng Fan , Shi Haifeng , Chen Keping , Xu Ximing 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A virosome is an innovative hybrid drug delivery system with advantages of both viral and non-viral vectors. Studies have shown that a virosome can carry various biologically active molecules, such as nucleic acids, peptides, proteins and small organic molecules. Targeted drug delivery using virosome-based systems can be achieved through surface modifications of virosomes. A number of virosome- -based prophylactic and therapeutic products with high safety profiles are currently available in the market. Cancer treatment is a big battlefield for virosome-based drug delivery systems. This review provides an overview of the general concept, preparation procedures, working mechanisms, preclinical studies and clinical applications of virosomes in cancer treatment.
Photosynthetic and nutrient uptake physiology of Padina species in high and low nutrient waters in Bolinao, Pangasinan, Philippines
Authors: Barrow Makoto , Ganzon-Fortes Edna T. , Diego-McGlone Maria Lourdes San 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The genus Padina (Dictyotales: Dictyotaceae) are ubiquitous tropical macroalgae found in a wide range of environmental conditions, but the physiological mechanisms that allow them to thrive in different light and nutrient conditions remain unclear. This study identified Padina species found at two contrasting sites in Bolinao, Pangasinan – turbid, high-nutrient waters at Rungos, and clear, low-nutrient waters at Patar, and compared their physiological responses. The examined parameters were growth rates, photosynthetic responses to varying irradiances (P-E curves), and NO3
- and NH4
+ uptake kinetics. Different species were found at each site, i.e., Padina antillarum in Rungos and Padina minor in Patar. From the P-E curves, both species appeared to have “shade plant” characteristics with high α values, low compensation irradiances, and low saturation irradiances. Though P. antillarum had higher net productivity (Pmax=69.4 mg O2 gdw-1 h-1) than P. minor (Pmax=40.6 mg O2 gdw-1 h-1), their growth rates did not significantly differ. Their NO3
- uptake rates were similar, while the NH4
+ uptake rate of P. minor (Vmax=249.60 μmol gdw-1 h-1) was double that of P. antillarum (Vmax=104.50 μmol gdw-1 h-1) during the first 30 min of exposure to NH4
+. These results suggest that each Padina species utilizes different strategies to survive in their respective habitats.
Necrotizing enterocolitis following intensive phototherapy in full-term newborns – is there a possible association?
Authors: Riskin Arieh , Kugelman Amir , Bader David 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis is rare in full-term infants, and is currently not considered a known complication of phototherapy.

Highlights: Three cases of necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term babies possibly associated to intensive phototherapy for treatment of early neonatal hyperbilirubinemia due to isoimmune hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Conclusions: Although rare, the association between occurrences of necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term newborn infants and intensive phototherapy merits caution and clinical awareness to such possible complication. Presumptive explanation is that intensive phototherapy causes marked vasodilataion in the skin that may result in decreased perfusion of the intestine leading to ischemia and necrotizing enterocolitis. This calls for further studies to investigate the effects of phototherapy on the vascular bed in the gut and other vital organs that could have clinical implications.
Extinct and endangered species in the vascular plant flora of Strzelce Opolskie (Southern Poland)
Authors: Folcik Łukasz , Urbisz Andrzej 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Symptoms of anthropogenic changes in the vascular plant flora include the spread of some species groups and the extinction of others. Also habitat condition changes (eutrophication, pollution etc.) and biodiversity loss (at a regional, national and even continental scale) should be mentioned. Numerous papers with rare plant species localities and endangered habitats have been published but the extinction processes and scale of this phenomenon in urban areas where environmental conservation is crucial, are not often analysed. The aim of the present study is to estimate species loss in the vascular plant flora of the town Strzelce Opolskie (Chełm, Silesian Upland) on the basis of the floristic literature and botanical surveys carried out from 2011 to 2013. A comparison has been made between the list of species reported up to 1945 and those species currently occurring in the study area. As a result, a list of 99 species included in the red list of plants of Opole and Silesian voivodeships is presented. Among this group, 45 species are not confirmed after 1945. Numerous extinct and endangered species are from families: Orchidaceae (8 species), Cyperaceae (7 species), Ranunculaceae (7 species) and Lamiaceae (6 species). Strongly represented are species associated with the communities of Festuco-Brometea and Querco- Fagetea classes. From the species presented, 18 species are included in "Red List of Vascular Plants of Poland" (MIREK ET AL. 2006). It was found that the extinct species represent about 7% of Strzelce Opolskie vascular plant flora. It is a focus point for local authorities to protect botanically valuable areas. Actually, the only Miejski Park is under the conservator's protection and there are few individual trees protected due to their age or size.
Synthesis of tricyclic indolizidines from ethyl isocyanoacetate
Authors: Lamberto Massimiliano 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Tricyclic indolizidines were synthesized in good yields from commercially available ethyl isocyanoacetate by a novel sequential alkylation, thiol-mediated radical cyclization, N-alkylation, and microwave-assisted Pauson-Khand reaction.
Synthesis of quinolines and acridines by the reaction of 2-(perfluoroalkyl)anilines with lithium and Grignard reagents
Authors: Strekowski Lucjan , Zhang Jianguo , Sączewski Jarosław , Wolińska Ewa 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis review summarizes the synthesis of quinolines and acridines by the reactions of anionically activated 2-(perfluoroalkyl)anilines. Mechanistic studies including isolation of the intermediate aza-ortho-xylylene are discussed.
Scanning UV microspectrophotometry as a tool to study the changes of lignin in hydrothermally modified wood
Authors: Andersons Bruno , Noldt Guna , Koch Gerald , Andersone Ingeborga , Meija-Feldmane Anete , Biziks Vladimirs , Irbe Ilze , Grinins Juris 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Thermal modification (TM) of wood has occupied a relatively narrow but stable niche as an alternative for chemical wood protection. There are different technological solutions for TM and not all details of their effects on wood tissue have been understood. The one-stage hydrothermal modification (HTM) at elevated vapour pressure essentially changes the wood’s composition and structure. In the present paper, the changes in three hardwood lignins (alder, aspen, and birch) were observed within the cell wall by means of cellular UV microspectrophotometry. The lignin absorbances in the compound middle lamella (CML) of unmodified wood are 1.7- to 2.0-fold higher than those in the fibre S2 layer. The woods were modified in the temperature range from 140 to 180°C, while in the lower temperature range (140°C/1 h), the UV absorbances are little affected. Essential changes occur in the range of 160–180°C and the UV data reflect these by absorbtion changes, while the absorbances at 278 nm rise with factors around 2 more in the S2 layer than in the CML. The absorbance increments are interpreted as polycondensation reactions with furfural and other degradation products of hemicelluloses with the lignin moiety of the cell wall.
Optimization and Investigation into the Effect of Cutting Conditions on Surface Roughness in Turning of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy under Different Machining Environments
Authors: Venkata Ramana M. , Krishna Mohan Rao G. , Hanumantha Rao D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCutting fluids of various types are commonly employed to control the friction and heat during machining. The continuous application of cutting fluids is being avoided to reduce overall volume of cutting fluids, machining cost, environmental and health issues. To overcome these problems, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) machining has been chosen as an alternative approach. In the present work, experiments are conducted using Taguchi’s robust design methodology to find out the optimal cutting parameters for surface roughness under different machining environmental conditions and carbide tool materials. The results indicated that there is considerable improvement in the machining performance using MQL machining. Flooded machining, high cutting speed, low feed rate, low depth of cut and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) coated tool are found to be the optimum conditions to minimize surface roughness. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), feed rate is the most influential factor that affects the surface roughness than cutting speed and depth of cut.
A General G-Code Algorithm for Deep Hole Drilling
Authors: Omirou Sotiris L. , Fyrillas Marios M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHole drilling is the most common machining operation performed on computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools or machining workshops. Drilling appears to be a relatively simple process however; when it involves drilling deep holes, it becomes one of the most complicated metal cutting processes. Although modern machine tool controllers are equipped with special drilling canned cycles, these cycles have significant constraints mainly due to their limited framework of application. The present work proposes a general G-code algorithm intended to accommodate effective deep hole drilling. The algorithm is characterized by flexibility in the pecking strategy and adaptability to the needs of each individual drilling case. The development of the proposed algorithm is based on parametric programming which is a powerful CNC programming technique.
Efficient forward second-harmonic generation from planar archimedean nanospirals
Authors: Davidson II Roderick B. , Ziegler Jed I. , Vargas Guillermo , Avanesyan Sergey M. , Gong Yu , Hess Wayne , Haglund Jr. Richard F. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:The enhanced electric field at plasmonic resonances in nanoscale antennas can
lead to efficient harmonic generation, especially when the plasmonic geometry is
asymmetric on either inter-particle or intra-particle levels. The planar
Archimedean nanospiral offers a unique geometrical asymmetry for second-harmonic
generation (SHG) because the SHG results neither from arranging centrosymmetric
nanoparticles in asymmetric groupings, nor from non-centrosymmetric
nanoparticles that retain a local axis of symmetry. Here, we report forward SHG
from planar arrays of Archimedean nanospirals using 15 fs pulses from a
Ti:sapphire oscillator tuned to 800 nm wavelength. The measured
harmonic-generation efficiencies are 2.6·10−9, 8·10−9 and
1.3·10−8 for left-handed circular, linear, and right-handed
circular polarizations, respectively. The uncoated nanospirals are stable under
average power loading of as much as 300 μWper nanoparticle. The nanospirals also
exhibit selective conversion between polarization states. These experiments show
that the intrinsic asymmetry of the nanospirals results in a highly efficient,
two-dimensional harmonic generator that can be incorporated into metasurface
optics.
Obstructive urination problems after high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost treatment for prostate cancer are avoidable
Authors: Kragelj Borut 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background
Aiming at improving treatment individualization in patients with prostate cancer treated with combination of external beam radiotherapy and high-dose-rate brachytherapy to boost the dose to prostate (HDRB-B), the objective was to evaluate factors that have potential impact on obstructive urination problems (OUP) after HDRB-B.

Patients and methods
In the follow-up study 88 patients consecutively treated with HDRB-B at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana in the period 2006-2011 were included. The observed outcome was deterioration of OUP (DOUP) during the follow-up period longer than 1 year. Univariate and multivariate relationship analysis between DOUP and potential risk factors (treatment factors, patients’ characteristics) was carried out by using binary logistic regression. ROC curve was constructed on predicted values and the area under the curve (AUC) calculated to assess the performance of the multivariate model.

Results
Analysis was carried out on 71 patients who completed 3 years of follow-up. DOUP was noted in 13/71 (18.3%) of them. The results of multivariate analysis showed statistically significant relationship between DOUP and anti-coagulation treatment (OR 4.86, 95% C.I. limits: 1.21-19.61, p = 0.026). Also minimal dose received by 90% of the urethra volume was close to statistical significance (OR = 1.23; 95% C.I. limits: 0.98-1.07, p = 0.099). The value of AUC was 0.755.

Conclusions
The study emphasized the relationship between DOUP and anticoagulation treatment, and suggested the multivariate model with fair predictive performance. This model potentially enables a reduction of DOUP after HDRB-B. It supports the belief that further research should be focused on urethral sphincter as a critical structure for OUP.
Advances in biosorption of microelements – the starting point for the production of new agrochemicals
Authors: Michalak Izabela , Witek-Krowiak Anna , Chojnacka Katarzyna , Bhatnagar Amit 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper reports the advances in biosorption of trace elements to produce value-added products for agriculture. Innovative fertilizers and dietary feed supplements can be produced by biosorption, where micronutrients are bonded with biological material. The process is controlled by the equilibrium between functional groups and micronutrient ions (e.g., Cu(II), Mn(II), Fe(II), Zn(II)), yielding the products with controlled release properties. The latter assumes high bioavailability and low toxicity to plants and animals. This makes it possible to biofortify food of plant and animal (meat, milk, eggs) origin with microelements and produce a new generation of functional food, rich in microelements. Regulatory issues related with micronutrient dietary feed supplements and fertilizers were discussed. Special attention has been paid to micronutrient deficiencies in plant cultivation and animal nutrition and to the methods of overcoming this problem. The applicability of biosorption to supplement bioavailable form of nutritionally significant elements was discussed. Current developments of biosorption-based technologies for agriculture were presented.
Tangent Curve Function Description of Mechanical Behaviour of Bulk Oilseeds: A Review
Authors: Sigalingging R. , Herák D. , Kabutey A. , Čestmír M. , Divišová M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The application of tangent curve mathematical model for description of mechanical behaviour of selected bulk oilseeds, namely jatropha, sunflower, rape, garden pea, and common bean in linear compression was reviewed. Based on the review analysis, the tangent curve function has been developed using MathCAD 14 software which employs the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for data fitting optimal for tangent curve approximation. Linear compression parameters including force (N), deformation (mm), energy (J), and/or volume energy (J-m-3) can equally be determined by the tangent model. Additionally, the theoretical dependency between force and deformation characteristic curves can be defined by the force coefficient of mechanical behaviour (N) and deformation coefficient of mechanical behaviour (mm-1) of the tangent model. In conclusion, the review results, however, shows that the tangent curve mathematical model which is dependent on experimental boundary conditions is potentialy useful for theoretical description of mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of bulk oilseeds in axial compression.
Determinants of Innovation Potential at Universities of the Czech Republic
Authors: Pilař L. , Pokorná J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Scientific research in the sphere of education confirms the fact that the key elements of success are innovation and education. Through the influence of continuous changes, it is necessary to define innovation within the scope of the organization culture and education, which have a significant share on the efficient expression of thoughts leading to the overall development of the organization. The article builds on the research of social network, trust, and innovation and validates the relationship between the 'Trust at the workplace' and 'Innovation climate' in the environment of Czech universities. In connection with the research of determinants of Innovation climate, the article further examines the moderating effect of 'Seniority' on the relationship between the factors of 'Trust' and 'Innovation climate'. Primary data was collected using an electronic survey. An exploratory factor analysis was used for the extraction of factors. Based on the extracted factors the moderation effect was calculated. Conjoint effect of the 'Trust at the workplace' and 'Seniority' has greater impact on the level of Innovation climate than the simple sum of separate effects of individual constructs which can be interpreted as a synergistic effect.
Back In Time: Fish Oocyte As A Superior Model For Human Reproduction? A Review
*
Authors: Weingartová I. , Dvořáková M. , Nevoral J. , Vyskočilová A. , Sedmíková M. , Rylková K. , Kalous L. , Jílek F. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The progress of reproductive biotechnology is dependent on the amount, quality, and availability of female gametes – oocytes. The proper selection of a suitable model organism is vital to ensure effective research of the signal pathways that regulate oogenesis and meiotic maturation. Many factors are involved in meiosis regulation and some of them are evolutionarily conserved. Xenopus laevis is a traditional model for cell cycle research, which has become a background for a more detailed study of models that are similar to humans. In contrast to mammalian models, water-living vertebrates are appropriate models for studying effects of environmentally occurring pollutants such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The triploid gynogenetic Prussian carp is a unique biological model for reproduction studies. The ability of clone production in combination with alternative sexual mode of reproduction brings advantages for the testing of sensitiveness to the effects of EDCs in terms of studying the alternative molecular pathways in meiosis regulations. The aim of this review is to compare meiosis regulating pathways among various animal models, and to suggest the possible utilization of these models in researching EDCs. A comparison of the currently recognized oocyte signalization and the endocrine disruptor effect points out the need for their molecular target identification and introduces some in water living vertebrates as suitable study models.
Catalytic activity of the nanoporous MCM-41 surface for the Paal–Knorr pyrrole cyclocondensation
Authors: Aghapoor Kioumars , Amini Mostafa M. , Jadidi Khosrow , Mohsenzadeh Farshid , Darabi Hossein Reza 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The investigation of different oxide surfaces revealed that nanoporous silica (MCM-41) had the best catalytic activity for Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis. Despite the same composition, MCM-41 proved to be more effective than SiO2 itself, probably due to a significantly higher surface area of the SiO2 nanopores. The important features of this “clean” solvent-free protocol are the ease of recovery and the reuse of the catalyst for several cycles, operational simplicity, and easy product isolation and purification.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a 3D copper(II)–silver(I) coordination polymer assembled through hydrogen bonding, π–π stacking and metal–π interactions, {[Cu(phen)2(CN)][Ag(CN)2] · 3H2O}
n
(phen = 1,10-phenanthroline)
Authors: Nawaz Sidra , Rüffer Tobias , Lang Heinrich , Shaheen Muhammad Ashraf , Ahmad Saeed , Shah Javed Hussain 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A copper(II) polymeric complex {[Cu(phen)2(CN)][Ag(CN)2] · 3H2O}
n
, 1 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), has been prepared and structurally characterized. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with [Cu(phen)2(CN)]+ and [Ag(CN)2]− units and three water molecules. The cationic and anionic units are linked to each other through M-π and π–π interactions. The array is extended further by hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions to form a 3D network.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Urinalysis for Urinary Tract Infection in Infants &lt;3 Months of Age
Authors: Schroeder Alan R. , Chang Pearl W. , Shen Mark W. , Biondi Eric A. , Greenhow Tara L. 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUND:
The 2011 American Academy of Pediatrics urinary tract infection (UTI) guideline suggests incorporation of a positive urinalysis (UA) into the definition of UTI. However, concerns linger over UA sensitivity in young infants. Infants with the same pathogenic organism in the blood and urine (bacteremic UTI) have true infections and represent a desirable population for examination of UA sensitivity.

METHODS:
We collected UA results on a cross-sectional sample of 276 infants &lt;3 months of age with bacteremic UTI from 11 hospital systems. Sensitivity was calculated on infants who had at least a partial UA performed and had ≥50 000 colony-forming units per milliliter from the urine culture. Specificity was determined by using a random sample of infants from the central study site with negative urine cultures.

RESULTS:
The final sample included 245 infants with bacteremic UTI and 115 infants with negative urine cultures. The sensitivity of leukocyte esterase was 97.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 94.5%–99.2%) and of pyuria (&gt;3 white blood cells/high-power field) was 96% (95% CI 92.5%–98.1%). Only 1 infant with bacteremic UTI (Group B Streptococcus) and a complete UA had an entirely negative UA. In infants with negative urine cultures, leukocyte esterase specificity was 93.9% (95% CI 87.9 – 97.5) and of pyuria was 91.3% (84.6%–95.6%).

CONCLUSIONS:
In young infants with bacteremic UTI, UA sensitivity is higher than previous reports in infants with UTI in general. This finding can be explained by spectrum bias or by inclusion of faulty gold standards (contaminants or asymptomatic bacteriuria) in previous studies.