bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood adversity and subsequent mental health status in adulthood: screening for associations using two linked surveys
Authors: Patten S. B. , Wilkes T. C. R. , Williams J. V. A. , Lavorato D. H. , el-Guebaly N. , Wild T. C. , Colman I. , Bulloch A. G. M. 
Published: February 2015

Aims.Accumulating evidence links childhood adversity to negative health outcomes in adulthood. However, most of the available evidence is retrospective and subject to recall bias. Published reports have sometimes focused on specific childhood exposures (e.g. abuse) and/or specific outcomes (e.g. major depression). Other studies have linked childhood adversity to a large and diverse number of adult risk factors and health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease. To advance this literature, we undertook a broad examination of data from two linked surveys. The goal was to avoid retrospective distortion and to provide a descriptive overview of patterns of association.Methods.A baseline interview for the Canadian National Longitudinal Study of Children and Youth collected information about childhood adversities affecting children aged 0–11 in 1994. The sampling procedures employed in a subsequent study called the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) made it possible to link n = 1977 of these respondents to follow-up data collected later when respondents were between the ages of 14 and 27. Outcomes included major depressive episodes (MDE), some risk factors and educational attainment. Cross-tabulations were used to examine these associations and adjusted estimates were made using the regression models. As the NPHS was a longitudinal study with multiple interviews, for most analyses generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used. As there were multiple exposures and outcomes, a statistical procedure to control the false discovery rate (Benjamini–Hochberg) was employed.Results.Childhood adversities were consistently associated with a cluster of potentially related outcomes: MDE, psychotropic medication use and smoking. These outcomes may be related to one another since psychotropic medications are used in the treatment of major depression, and smoking is strongly associated with major depression. However, no consistent associations were observed for other outcomes examined: physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, binge drinking or educational attainment.Conclusions.The conditions found to be the most strongly associated with childhood adversities were a cluster of outcomes that potentially share pathophysiological connections. Although prior literature has suggested that a very large number of adult outcomes, including physical inactivity and alcohol-related outcomes follow childhood adversity, this analysis suggests a degree of specificity with outcomes potentially related to depression. Some of the other reported adverse outcomes (e.g. those related to alcohol use, physical inactivity or more distal outcomes such as obesity and cardiovascular disease) may emerge later in life and in some cases may be secondary to depression, psychotropic medication use and smoking.
Establishment and characterization of patient-derived tumor xenograft using gastroscopic biopsies in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhu Yan , Tian Tiantian , Li Zhongwu , Tang Zhiyu , Wang Lai , Wu Jian , Li Yilin , Dong Bin , Li Yanyan , Li Na , Zou Jianling , Gao Jing , Shen Lin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) model has become the most realistic model for preclinical studies. PDTX models of gastric cancer using surgical tissues are reported occasionally; however, the PDTX models using gastroscopic biopsies, which are best for evaluating new drugs, are unreported. In our study, a total of 185 fresh gastroscopic biopsies of gastric cancer were subcutaneously transplanted into NOD/SCID (Nonobese Diabetic/Severe Combined Immunodeficiency) mice. Sixty-three PDTX models were successfully established (34.1%, 63/185) and passaged to maintain tumors in vivo and the mean latency period of xenografts was 65.86 ± 32.84 days (11–160 days). Biopsies of prior chemotherapy had a higher transplantation rate (52.1%, 37/71) than biopsies after chemotherapy (21.9%, 25/114; P = 0.000). No differences were found between the latency period of xenografts and characteristics of patients. The pathological and molecular features of PDTX as well as chemosensitivity were highly consistent with those of primary tumors of patients. The genetic characteristics were stable during passaging of PDTX models. In summary PDTX models using gastroscopic biopsies in gastric cancer were demonstrated for the first time and the biological characteristics of the PDTX models were highly consistent with patients, which provided the best preclinical study platform for gastric cancer.
Quantum Computation under Micromotion in a Planar Ion Crystal
Authors: Wang S.-T. , Shen C. , Duan L.-M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe propose a scheme to realize scalable quantum computation in a planar ion crystal confined by a Paul trap. We show that the inevitable in-plane micromotion affects the gate design via three separate effects: renormalization of the equilibrium positions, coupling to the transverse motional modes and amplitude modulation in the addressing beam. We demonstrate that all of these effects can be taken into account and high-fidelity gates are possible in the presence of micromotion. This proposal opens the prospect to realize large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation within a single Paul trap.
Distinct populations of neurons respond to emotional valence and arousal in the human subthalamic nucleus
Authors: Sieger Tomáš , Serranová Tereza , Růžička Filip , Vostatek Pavel , Wild Jiří , Šťastná Daniela , Bonnet Cecilia , Novák Daniel , Růžička Evžen , Urgošík Dušan , Jech Robert 
Published: February 2015

Significance
The involvement of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in affective processing has been suggested with the appearance of neuropsychiatric side effects of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but direct evidence has been lacking. In our study, we recorded single-neuron activity from the STN during affective picture presentation to PD patients intraoperatively. We discovered two spatially distinct populations of “affective” neurons responding to the emotional dimensions of the stimuli: valence (pleasantness-unpleasantness) and arousal (intensity). As previously believed, neural circuits underlying these two affective dimensions are functionally segregated. Here we observed separated emotional processing even at the single neuron level. These results extend our knowledge regarding the emotional role of the STN and the neural basis of emotions.
Decorrelation of retinal response to natural scenes by fixational eye movements
Authors: Segal Irina Yonit , Giladi Chen , Gedalin Michael , Rucci Michele , Ben-Tov Mor , Kushinsky Yam , Mokeichev Alik , Segev Ronen 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Our observation provides the first direct experimental confirmation, to our knowledge, of the prediction that fixational eye movements act to reduce the correlations in retinal response. Reduction of correlation was suggested as a design principle in the visual system a long time ago. It was argued that efficient representation of sensory information requires reducing the amount of redundancy in the neural response. Although these works are considered to be cornerstones of our understanding of visual processing, they still do not consider the actual input to the retina. Our result contributes to these classic works by showing that the amount of correlation in the retinal output can be reduced by the patterns of eye movements prior to any neural processing.
Climate-driven introduction of the Black Death and successive plague reintroductions into Europe
Authors: Schmid Boris V. , Büntgen Ulf , Easterday W. Ryan , Ginzler Christian , Walløe Lars , Bramanti Barbara , Stenseth Nils Chr. 
Published: February 2015

SignificanceThe second plague pandemic in medieval Europe started with the Black Death epidemic of 1347–1353 and killed millions of people over a time span of four centuries. It is commonly thought that after its initial introduction from Asia, the disease persisted in Europe in rodent reservoirs until it eventually disappeared. Here, we show that climate-driven outbreaks ofYersinia pestisin Asian rodent plague reservoirs are significantly associated with new waves of plague arriving into Europe through its maritime trade network with Asia. This association strongly suggests that the bacterium was continuously reimported into Europe during the second plague pandemic, and offers an alternative explanation to putative European rodent reservoirs for how the disease could have persisted in Europe for so long.
Model-guided quantitative analysis of microRNA-mediated regulation on competing endogenous RNAs using a synthetic gene circuit
Authors: Yuan Ye , Liu Bing , Xie Peng , Zhang Michael Q. , Li Yanda , Xie Zhen , Wang Xiaowo 
Published: February 2015

Significance
We established a minimum competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) model to quantitatively analyze the behavior of the ceRNA regulation and implemented multifluorescent synthetic gene circuits in cultured human cells to validate our predictions. Our results suggested that the ceRNA effect is affected by the abundance of microRNA (miRNA) and ceRNAs, the number and affinity of binding sites, and the mRNA degradation pathway determined by the degree of miRNA–mRNA complementarity. Furthermore, we found that a nonreciprocal competing effect between partial and perfect complementary targets is mainly due to different miRNA loss rates in these two types of repressions, which sheds light on utilizing such a competing model for rational design of effective siRNA.
Predator diversity, intraguild predation, and indirect effects drive parasite transmission
Authors: Rohr Jason R. , Civitello David J. , Crumrine Patrick W. , Halstead Neal T. , Miller Andrew D. , Schotthoefer Anna M. , Stenoien Carl , Johnson Lucinda B. , Beasley Val R. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Humans are altering biodiversity globally and infectious diseases are on the rise; thus, there is considerable interest in understanding how changes to biodiversity affect disease risk. We show that the diversity of predators that consume parasites was the best negative predictor of infections in frogs, suggesting that predation on parasites can be an important mechanism of disease reduction. Follow-up experiments, field data, and mathematical models revealed that intraguild predators, predators that consume both hosts and parasites, decrease macroparasite infections per host less than predators that only consume parasites, representing a general trait of predators that predicts their ability to reduce disease. Consequently, managing assemblages of non-intraguild and intraguild predators is an underutilized tool to minimize human and wildlife diseases.
Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in an ultrathin air film causes drop splashing on smooth surfaces
Authors: Liu Yuan , Tan Peng , Xu Lei 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Liquid drops always splash when they impact smooth surfaces with high enough speeds. This common phenomenon is crucial in many important fields such as agriculture, printing, surface coating, and spray cooling. However, despite extensive studies over one century, the origin of splashing remains a big mystery. Combining experiment with model, we show that the air trapped under the liquid drop forms a special flow within a nanoscale gap. This airflow produces a stress 10 times stronger than the common airflow and generates small Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities that trigger splash. Our model agrees quantitatively with the experimental verifications and brings a fundamental understanding to the general phenomenon of drop splashing on smooth surfaces.
Quantitative relations between cooperative motion, emergent elasticity, and free volume in model glass-forming polymer materials
Authors: Pazmiño Betancourt Beatriz A. , Hanakata Paul Z. , Starr Francis W. , Douglas Jack F. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Diverse viewpoints have been developed to understand the scientifically fascinating and universal dynamics of glass-forming fluids. Currently, there are several prevailing models in the scientific literature based on seemingly different physical conceptions of glass formation, a fact that limits both theoretical and technological development in many scientific fields. We address this fundamental problem by simulating polymer glass-forming materials having a wide variation in the temperature dependence of structural relaxation (“fragility”), and we show by direct comparison that existing models equally describe our data, revealing deep relations between them. In this way, we achieve a greater theoretical unity of understanding glass-forming materials that should aid many applications in materials development and biology, the preservation and aesthetic properties of food, and medical science.
Spatiotemporally dynamic, cell-type–dependent premeiotic and meiotic phasiRNAs in maize anthers
Authors: Zhai Jixian , Zhang Han , Arikit Siwaret , Huang Kun , Nan Guo-Ling , Walbot Virginia , Meyers Blake C. 
Published: February 2015

SignificanceBy RNA profiling of 10 stages of maize anthers plus mature pollen, we found two distinct classes of phased small-interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs): 21-nt premeiotic phasiRNAs, after germinal and somatic cell specification, and 24-nt meiotic phasiRNAs coordinately accumulated during meiosis and persist into pollen. Sequencing of RNA from five male-sterile, anther developmental mutants—ocl4,mac1,ms23,msca1, andameiotic1—demonstrated the involvement of specific somatic layers. Premeiotic phasiRNAs require a functional epidermis, whereas meiotic phasiRNAs require a normal tapetum. Mammalian germ cells express “prepachytene” or “pachytene” PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Whereas differences in biogenesis indicate independent origins, grass phasiRNAs and mammalian piRNAs share developmental timing, a lack of obvious targets, and an impact on male fertility, suggesting a possible evolutionary convergence.
Multicolor CRISPR labeling of chromosomal loci in human cells
Authors: Ma Hanhui , Naseri Ardalan , Reyes-Gutierrez Pablo , Wolfe Scot A. , Zhang Shaojie , Pederson Thoru 
Published: February 2015

Significance
The detection of specific genes in fixed cells was first accomplished in 1969 by Gall and Pardue. The development of analogous methods applicable to living cells is now at hand. At the forefront of this advance (2013–2014), we and other investigators have used transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) conjugated with fluorescent proteins to tag genomic loci in live cells. More recently, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has provided a more flexible approach to targeting specific loci. In this paper, we describe the labeling of human genomic loci in live cells with three orthogonal CRISPR/Cas9 components, allowing multicolor detection of genomic loci with high spatial resolution, which provides an avenue for barcoding elements of the human genome in the living state.
Cardiac ferroportin regulates cellular iron homeostasis and is important for cardiac function
Authors: Lakhal-Littleton Samira , Wolna Magda , Carr Carolyn A. , Miller Jack J. J. , Christian Helen C. , Ball Vicky , Santos Ana , Diaz Rebeca , Biggs Daniel , Stillion Richard , Holdship Philip , Larner Fiona , Tyler Damian J. , Clarke Kieran , Davies Benjamin , Robbins Peter A. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
The iron-exporting protein ferroportin is recognized as central to systemic iron regulation, but its role in tissues other than those involved in iron handling is unknown. This study shows that ferroportin expression in cardiomyocytes is essential to intracellular iron homeostasis and to normal cardiac function. It also demonstrates that the site of iron accumulation in the iron-overloaded heart depends on whether ferroportin is expressed in the cardiomyocytes. It further shows that the functional significance of cardiac iron overload is highly dependent upon the site of iron accumulation. These findings change our understanding of intracellular iron homeostasis and have significant implications for the clinical management of cardiac dysfunction associated with iron imbalance.
Phosphorus sequestration in the form of polyphosphate by microbial symbionts in marine sponges
Authors: Zhang Fan , Blasiak Leah C. , Karolin Jan O. , Powell Ryan J. , Geddes Chris D. , Hill Russell T. 
Published: February 2015

SignificanceCoral reefs are highly productive ecosystems that raise a conundrum called “Darwin’s paradox”: How can high production flourish in low-nutrient conditions? We show here that in three abundant Caribbean sponges, the granules that have been commonly observed in sponge tissue for decades are polyphosphate granules. These granules can account for up to 40% of the total phosphorus (P) in sponge tissue. This finding has important implications for understanding P sequestration and recycling in the reef environment. We provide evidence that these granules are of bacterial origin and propose a P sequestration pathway by microbial symbionts and the sponge hosts. Considering the ancient origin of both partners, this process may have had an impact on the P cycle in Earth’s early history.
Comparison of airway management techniques for different access in a simulated motor vehicle entrapment scenario
Authors: Steinmann Daniel , Ahne Thomas , Heringhaus Christian , Goebel Ulrich 
Published: February 2015

Background
Emergency airway management can be particularly challenging in patients entrapped in crashed cars because of limited access. The aim of this study was to analyse the feasibility of four different airway devices in various standardized settings utilized by paramedics and emergency physicians.

Methods
Twenty-five paramedics and 25 emergency physicians were asked to perform advanced airway management in a manikin entrapped in a car’s left front seat, with access to the patient through the opened driver’s door or access from the back seat. Available airway devices included Macintosh and Airtraq laryngoscopes, as well as laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Supreme and the Laryngeal Tube. The primary endpoints were successful placement, along with attempts needed to do so, and time for successful placement. The secondary endpoints included Cormack–Lehane grades and rating of the difficulty of the technique with the different devices.

Results
The overall intubation and placement success rates were equal for the Macintosh and Airtraq laryngoscopes as well as the LMA Supreme and Laryngeal Tube, with access from the back seat being superior in terms of placement time and ease of use. Supraglottic airway devices required half of the placement time and were easier to use compared with endotracheal tubes (with placement times almost >30 s). Paramedics and emergency physicians achieved equal overall successful placement rates for all devices.

Conclusion
Both scenarios of securing the airway seem suitable in this manikin study, with access from the back seat being superior. Although all airway devices were applicable by both groups, paramedics and emergency physicians, supraglottic device placement was faster and always possible at the first attempt. Therefore, the LMA Supreme and the Laryngeal Tube are attractive alternatives for airway management in this context if endotracheal tube placement fails. Furthermore, supraglottic device placement, while the patient is still in the vehicle, followed by a definitive airway once the patient is extricated would be a worthwhile alternative course of action.
Gendered variations in the experience of ageing at work in Switzerland
Authors: Le Feuvre Nicky , Kuehni Morgane , Rosende Magdalena , Schoeni Céline 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the gendered processes of ageing at work in Switzerland, a country already characterised by particularly high employment rates for seniors of both sexes, and where the notion of “active ageing” has recently appeared on the policy agenda. The study illustrates the mechanisms through which men and women accumulate dis-/advantage across the life course, and the influence that critical events in different life domains have on the conditions under which they prepare the transition to retirement.Design/methodology/approach– The data used in the paper were collected with a mixed methods approach, including secondary statistical data analysis, expert interviews (with human resource and line managers), company case studies and 63-biographical interviews with male and female seniors employed in three different sectors (food distribution, health, transport) of the Swiss labour market. The interview guide covered issues relating directly to the employment histories and working conditions of the over 50s, but also enabled respondents to reflect on the influence of past or recent events in their private lives on their experiences of ageing at work (and vice versa).Findings– The study shows that, in the Swiss context, ageing at work is a social experience, that is profoundly marked by societal-level normative “gender scripts” and by the gendered nature of major life-course transitions. However, rather than producing a clear distinction between the experiences of men on the one hand and women on the other, studying the accumulation of dis-/advantages (Dannefer, 2009) enables us to elaborate a more nuanced typology, mapping the Swiss experience of ageing at work according to four alternative ideal-type models: confident, resentful, determined and distressed.Social implications– In a context characterised by prolonged life expectancy and restricted welfare budgets, a clearer understanding of the conditions under which men and women make decisions about the continuation, interruption or adaptation of their professional activities (and care commitments) in the second half of their adult lives has clear implications, both for patterns of “active ageing” and for gender equality.Originality/value– The paper sheds new light on the gendered variations in the experience of ageing at work in the Swiss context; it examines the implications of the dis-/advantages accumulated by different categories of men and women during various transitions in the employment and family spheres on their autonomy, well-being and satisfaction during this critical period of their adult lives.