bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an improved extraction and HPLC method for the measurement of ascorbic acid in cows' milk from processing plants and retail outlets
Authors: Chotyakul Nattaporn , Pateiro‐Moure Miriam , Martínez‐Carballo Elena , Saraiva Jorge Alexandre , Torres José Antonio , Pérez‐Lamela Concepción 
Published: October 2013

SummaryAn improved extraction (2.5% HPO3, 5 mm dithiothreitol) and HPLC quantification methodology using a C–18 column at 35 °C and 0.1 m acetic acid (98%) and acetonitrile (2%) mobile phase was developed to quantify total ascorbic acid (AA) in commercial whole/semi‐skim/skim raw/pasteurised/UHT milk packaged in opaque bags, transparent plastic, cardboard and Tetra Brik™. AA content ranged from 0.21 to 10 and from 3.4 to 16 mg L−1 in milk from retail outlets and processing plants, respectively, and was higher in organic milk. For same processor/lot samples, pasteurised milk showed higher AA content than UHT milk. This was not true for retail outlets samples. AA content was similar for whole/semi‐skim and semi‐skim/skim milk, but not for whole/skim comparisons. Among UHT samples, the AA content trend was whole<semi‐skim<skim and lower for UHT milk in opaque plastic and Tetra Brik™ container. After 14 days at 4 °C in the dark, AA losses ranged 35–83% depending on milk type and preservation method with a higher AA retention in unopened containers.
Inactivation of microorganisms naturally present in raw bovine milk by high‐pressure carbon dioxide
Authors: Hongmei Liao , Zhong Kui , Liao Xiaojun , Hu Xiaosong 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThis study assessed the inactivation of microorganisms naturally present in raw bovine milk by high‐pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) at 10–30 MPa and 20–50 °C for 20–70 min. The log reduction of microorganisms increased as raw bovine milk was exposed to higher pressures and temperatures and longer treatment times. The maximum reduction of aerobic bacteria (AB) was 4.96‐log at 25 MPa and 50 °C for 70 min. At lower temperatures and treatment times, a complete inactivation of yeasts and moulds (Y&M) and coliform bacteria (CB) was obtained at 25 MPa. Changes in microorganisms naturally present in raw bovine milk during storage were also assessed. There were 1.83‐log survival of AB, 0.65‐log survival of Y&M and a complete inactivation of CB in raw bovine milk when subjected to HPCD at 25 MPa and 40 °C for 50 min. Moreover, the AB, Y&M and the CB in raw bovine milk exhibited insignificant alterations during storage at 4 °C for 15 days, indicating a potential capability of HPCD to extend the shelf life of milk.
The effects of middle infrared radiation intensity on the quality of dried tomato products
Authors: Kocabiyik Habib , Yilmaz Nese , Tuncel N. Baris , Sumer Sarp K. , Burak Buyukcan M. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe effects of air temperature (T) (unheated and 35 °C), infrared radiation intensity (IP) (894, 1004, 1190, 1314 and 1410 Wm−2) and air velocity (Av) (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ms−1) on drying characteristics of tomatoes, drying time (DT), specific energy consumption (SEC) and quality parameters were investigated. DT and SEC varied between 114 and 249 min, 10.04 and 18.22 MJ kg−1 water, respectively, and were significantly affected by process variables. Shrinkage ratio (S) and rehydration ratio (Rr) were varied between 0.129 and 0.214, 2.11 and 2.86 for all the drying conditions, respectively. Total colour change (ΔE) varied from 5.30 to 13.19. Vitamin C content decreased, while lycopene content increased with infrared drying. For optimum points, desirability of functions of all targets had satisfactory, very good and excellent desirability values and ranged between 0.54 and 0.99.
Optimisation of the pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration of cladodes of fodder palm
Authors: Viana Arianne D. , Corrêa Jefferson L.G. , Justus Ariana 
Published: October 2013

SummaryFodder palm, a great source of nutrients for human and animals, grows even in arid climates. Pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration is an efficient process for obtaining semidehydrated food. It was used to slice cladodes of fodder palm. The independent variables used were temperature (30–50 °C), pulsed vacuum pressure (50–150 mbar) and NaCl concentration (5–15 g per 100 g solution). The response variables were water activity (aw), moisture content (X), colour parameters, water loss (WL), solid gain (SG) and weight reduction (WR). The pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration process was optimised for minimum values of aw, X and SG, and maximum values of chroma. The experimental data obtained with the optimum condition (100 mbar; 10 gNaCl per 100 g solution, 44 °C) were near the estimated ones. For example, WL, aw and ∆E, and their error were 8.15 g per 100 g, 11%; 0.985, 0.3% and 6.15, 15.2%, respectively.
Decreased fat accumulation in 3T3‐L1 pre‐adipocytes treated with extracts of heat‐processed soy flour and breads
Authors: Shin Doo‐Jee , Choi Induck , Yokoyama Wallace H. , Kim Mi‐Ja , Kim Yookyung 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe potential anti‐adipogenic effects of gluten‐free soy breads made from germinated soybean (GS), steamed soybean (SS) or roasted soybean (RS) were evaluated in an in vitro adipocyte cell model. GS and RS increased the total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) contents of flours compared with the raw soybean (NS) flour. RS and GS had the highest TP (1.04 GAE mg g−1) and TF (0.92 CAE mg g−1) contents. Baking increased the TP content of breads, 0.09–0.26 GAE mg g−1, compared with the flours. Fermentation during breadmaking increased the DPPH scavenging activities compared with the flours. The ABTS scavenging exhibited similar patterns to those of DPPH. Lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 cells shows that the alcoholic extracts (100 μg mL−1) of SS flour and bread decreased adipocyte differentiation by 1.6‐ and 2.1‐fold, respectively, compared with control. SS bread extract substantially downregulated the adipogenesis‐related genes such as acetyl‐CoA carboxylase and glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase.
Cultivable bacterial diversity and amylase production in three typical Daqus of Chinese spirits
Authors: Li Zuming , Bai Zhihui , Wang Deliang , Zhang Wujiu , Zhang Michael , Lin Francis , Gao Liping , Hui Bodi , Zhang Hongxun 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBoth culture‐dependent method and molecular technique were firstly used to simultaneously investigate the cultivable bacterial diversity and amylase production in three typical Daqus of Chinese spirits. The results showed that both cultivable bacterial diversity and amylase production were obviously different. The species of nine bacteria from Deshan, nine from Baisha and six from Wuling Daqus were identified. The total bacterial strains of 17, 15 and 14, and 9, 16 and 10 could produce α‐amylase and glucoamylase, respectively, from the Daqus, and the enzyme yields were different. Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens not only were dominant bacteria in the Daqus, but also possessed high activities of α‐amylase and glucoamylase. By comparison, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus oleronius were found to be another predominant bacterial species and good producers of α‐amylase and glucoamylase in Deshan and Wuling Daqus, respectively.
3‐Hydroxypyridinone‐l‐phenylalanine conjugates with antimicrobial and tyrosinase inhibitory activities as potential shrimp preservatives
Authors: Xu Li‐Li , Hu Pan‐Pan , Kong Xiao‐Le , Hider Robert C. , Zhou Tao , Dai Zhi‐Yuan 
Published: October 2013

SummaryTo explore the potential of novel tyrosinase inhibitors, 3‐hydroxypyridinone‐l‐phenylalanine conjugates, as shrimp preservatives, compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for the antimicrobial activity, and compound 2 was investigated for the shrimp preservative efficacy. It was found that they both possess a stronger antibacterial effect than kojic acid against two Gram‐positive bacteria and three Gram‐negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of compound 2 against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcous aureus, Salmonella gallinarum, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Bacillus subtilis were determined as 18.5, 37, 148, 37 and 295 μg mL−1, respectively, whereas MICs of kojic acid against the same 5 bacterial strains were determined to be 355, 178, 1420, 1420 and 355 μg mL−1, respectively. It has also been demonstrated that treatment with compound 2 improves the sensory properties, retards the growth of spoilage bacteria, decreases the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) and increases the pH of Penaeus vannamei Boone, thereby extending the shelf life to 10 days. In contrast, the shelf life of shrimp treated with kojic acid and the control group was 7 and 6 days, respectively. Clearly, 3‐hydroxypyridinone‐l‐phenylalanine conjugates could find application as shrimp preservatives by inhibiting melanosis and by preventing the growth of bacteria during the storage.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A possible complication in the natural history of advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Valcamonico Francesca , Arcangeli Giuseppina , Consoli Francesca , Nonnis Daniela , Grisanti Salvatore , Gatti Enza , Berruti Alfredo , Ferrari Vittorio 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIdiopathic intracranial hypertension is a variety of intracranial hypertension that is extremely rare in men. Obesity and hypogonadism are the most important predictive factors. Etiological hypotheses include increased central venous pressure, and various hormonal and metabolic changes commonly found in obese patients. We described the case of an obese man with prostate cancer who showed a consistent bodyweight increase during treatment with taxanes and prednisone. He was hospitalized because of a severe loss of vision as a consequence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. A complete symptom remission was obtained after 3 weeks of anti‐edema therapies (steroids, acetazolamide). Castration‐resistant prostate cancer is a risk factor for idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Long‐term androgen deprivation therapy, bodyweight increase, and fluid retention during chronic steroid administration and taxane chemotherapy might favor the disease onset. This severe complication has a good outcome, and should be suspected in the presence of symptoms and signs of intracranial hypertension.
Renal function after radical nephrectomy: Development and validation of predictive models in Japanese patients
Authors: Yokoyama Minato , Fujii Yasuhisa , Takeshita Hideki , Kawamura Naoko , Nakayama Takayuki , Iimura Yasumasa , Sakura Mizuaki , Ishioka Junichiro , Saito Kazutaka , Koga Fumitaka , Masuda Hitoshi , Noro Akira , Arisawa Chizuru , Kitahara Satoshi , Kihara Kazunori 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo develop and validate predictive models for postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate and risk of chronic kidney disease after radical nephrectomy in Japanese patients.MethodsThe present retrospective study included a development cohort of 209 patients without preoperative chronic kidney disease who underwent radical nephrectomy between 1994 and 2008, and were followed up for longer than 3 years, and a validation cohort of 144 similar such patients. Univariate and multivariate linear regression or logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the independent predictors of estimated glomerular filtration rate or chronic kidney disease 3 years after radical nephrectomy. Incorporating all independent predictors, predictive models for postoperative renal function were developed and externally validated.ResultsAge, the presence of diabetes mellitus, and preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate were independent predictors of both postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate and chronic kidney disease. A formula for predicting the postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate and a nomogram for predicting the risk of postoperative chronic kidney disease were developed. The adjusted R2 of the formula and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the nomogram were 0.446 and 0.865 in the development cohort, and 0.396 and 0.787 in the validation cohort, respectively.ConclusionsWe developed and validated novel predictive models for the postoperative renal function 3 years after radical nephrectomy in Japanese patients.
Proteomic analysis of a rare urinary stone composed of calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate dihydrate: A case report
Authors: Kaneko Kiyoko , Matsuta Yosuke , Moriyama Manabu , Yasuda Makoto , Chishima Noriharu , Yamaoka Noriko , Fukuuchi Tomoko , Miyazawa Katsuhito , Suzuki Koji 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to investigate the matrix protein of a rare urinary stone that contained calcium carbonate. A urinary stone was extracted from a 34‐year‐old male patient with metabolic alkalosis. After X‐ray diffractometry and infrared analysis of the stone, proteomic analysis was carried out. The resulting mass spectra were evaluated with protein search software, and matrix proteins were identified. X‐ray diffraction and infrared analysis confirmed that the stone contained calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate dihydrate. Of the identified 53 proteins, 24 have not been previously reported from calcium oxalate‐ or calcium phosphate‐containing stones. The protease inhibitors and several proteins related to cell adhesion or the cytoskeleton were identified for the first time. We analyzed in detail a rare urinary stone composed of calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate dihydrate. Considering the formation of a calcium carbonate stone, the new identified proteins should play an important role on the urolithiasis process in alkaline condition.
Oncological impact of endoscopic bladder cuff management during nephroureterectomy varies according to upper urinary tract tumor location
Authors: Luo Hao Lun , Kang Chih Hsiung , Chen Yen Ta , Chuang Yao Chi , Cheng Yuan Tso , Lee Wei Ching , Chiang Po Hui 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo compare the oncological outcome between extravesical excision and transurethral excision for bladder cuff management in patients undergoing nephroureterectomy with upper urinary tract urothelial cancer.MethodsFrom January 2005 to December 2010, 396 patients were enrolled in the present retrospective study. Nephroureterectomy was carried out either by endoscopic or extravesical bladder cuff excision. The oncological outcome between these two procedures was analyzed in patients with different tumor locations.ResultsThe average age of the patients was 66.41 ± 10.52 years, and the median follow‐up duration was 40.65 ± 23.84 months. For upper urinary tract urothelial cancer management, extravesical bladder cuff excision was carried out in 240 patients, whereas the endoscopic method was carried out in 156 patients. Previous bladder cancer is still the most independent predictor for bladder recurrence (P < 0.001). In addition, endoscopic bladder cuff management for low ureteral tumor was also independently associated with more bladder tumor recurrence (P = 0.017). Non‐organ confined pathological stage still independently predicted metastasis (P < 0.001) and cancer‐specific death (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThere are similar oncological outcomes after nephroureterectomy combined with extravesical or endoscopic bladder cuff management for patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cancer above the low ureter. However, there is a higher incidence of bladder tumor recurrence for the low ureteral tumor after nephroureterectomy with endoscopic bladder cuff excision.
Is overactive bladder a brain disease? The pathophysiological role of cerebral white matter in the elderly
Authors: Sakakibara Ryuji , Panicker Jalesh , Fowler Clare J , Tateno Fuyuki , Kishi Masahiko , Tsuyusaki Yohei , Yamanishi Tomonori , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Yano Masashi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSmall‐vessel disease of the brain affecting the deep white matter characteristically manifests with neurological syndromes, such as vascular dementia and vascular parkinsonism. There is, however, compelling evidence to suggest that white matter disease can cause overactive bladder and incontinence, and in some patients these might be the initial manifestation. As white matter disease increases significantly with age, and preferentially affects the prefrontal deep white matter, white matter disease becomes an anatomical substrate in the brain etiology of overactive bladder. Treatment entails the management of small‐vessel disease risk factors and anticholinergic drugs that do not easily penetrate the blood–brain barrier, to improve bladder control. In short, when caring for elderly overactive‐bladder patients, we should look at both the brain and the bladder.
Intra‐diaspora Knowledge Transfer and ‘New’ Italian Migration
Authors: Baldassar Loretta , Pyke Joanne 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe Italian Australia diaspora is a heterogeneous mix of regional, class and generational identities. This article identifies and considers the influence of four recent Italian‐Australian cohorts on the processes of Italian‐Australian cultural formation. Of particular interest is the most recent wave of migrants (post‐2000), whose arrival is prompted by the European economic crisis and facilitated by Australia's skilled migration programme. We argue that this cohort is a new form of “elite” skilled migration comprised of people who are independent of, yet reliant on, the community infrastructure and social standing that previous waves of Italian migrants have established. We consider the relationship between these cohorts as a process of “intra‐diaspora” knowledge transfer and show how diasporas play a fundamental role in the skilled migration project. These dynamics challenge assumptions that skilled migrant integration is “frictionless”. Rather, their arrival simultaneously generates diaspora renewal as well as tensions around identity and community resources.
Epidemiology of biopsy‐proven giant cell arteritis in South Australia
Authors: Dunstan E. , Lester S. L. , Rischmueller M. , Dodd T. , Black R. , Ahern M. , Cleland L. G. , Roberts‐Thomson P. , Hill C. L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground/AimTo determine the epidemiology and clinical features of biopsy‐proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) in South Australia (SA).MethodsPatients with biopsy‐proven GCA were identified from pathology reports of temporal artery biopsies at SA Pathology laboratories, from 1 January 1992, to 31 July 2011. Epidemiological data were collected through patient questionnaires and standardised case note reviews. Incidence was estimated using Australian Bureau of Statistics population data for SA. Seasonality was analysed by Cosinor analysis, and time‐to‐ event analysis was performed for the duration of steroid use.ResultsThere were 314 cases of biopsy‐proven GCA (72% female). The mean age at diagnosis of GCA was 78 years (interquartile range 72–82). The estimated population incidence for people over 50 was 3.2 per 100 000 person years. The female : male incidence ratio was 2.3 (P < 0.001), and incidence increased with each age decade. There was evidence of seasonal variation (P = 0.015), with higher rates observed in the summer months.Clinical data were available for 163 patients (68% female, median age 78 years). The most common presenting clinical features were temporal headache (74%), visual disturbance (68.4%), jaw claudication (59.3%) and symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica (56%). The median initial steroid dose was 60 mg, with median duration of steroid use 4.5 years. Corticosteroid side‐effects were common, affecting 89%, with 34% reporting five or more.ConclusionsThis is the first epidemiological study of Australian biopsy‐proven GCA patients. Age at onset and gender associations were similar to other Western populations. There was a high burden of steroid use in these patients.
Endothelial expression of CXCR7 and the regulation of systemic CXCL12 levels
Authors: Berahovich Robert D. , Zabel Brian A. , Lewén Susanna , Walters Matthew J. , Ebsworth Karen , Wang Yu , Jaen Juan C. , Schall Thomas J. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe concentration of CXCL12/SDF‐1 in the bloodstream is tightly regulated, given its central role in leucocyte and stem/progenitor cell egress from bone marrow and recruitment to sites of inflammation or injury. The mechanism responsible for this regulation is unknown. Here we show that both genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of CXCR7, a high‐affinity CXCL12 receptor, caused pronounced increases in plasma CXCL12 levels. The rise in plasma CXCL12 levels was associated with an impairment in the ability of leucocytes to migrate to a local source of CXCL12. Using a set of complementary and highly sensitive techniques, we found that CXCR7 protein is expressed at low levels in multiple organs in both humans and mice. In humans, CXCR7 was detected primarily on venule endothelium and arteriole smooth muscle cells. CXCR7 expression on venule endothelium was also documented in immunodeficient mice and CXCR7+/lacZ mice. The vascular expression of CXCR7 therefore gives it immediate access to circulating CXCL12. These studies suggest that endothelial CXCR7 regulates circulating CXCL12 levels and that CXCR7 inhibitors might be used to block CXCL12‐mediated cell migration for therapeutic purposes.
Can we switch microglia's phenotype to foster neuroprotection? Focus on multiple sclerosis
Authors: Giunti Debora , Parodi Benedetta , Cordano Christian , Uccelli Antonio , Kerlero de Rosbo Nicole 
Published: October 2013

SummaryMicroglia cells, the resident innate immune cells in the brain, are highly active, extending and retracting highly motile processes through which they continuously survey their microenvironment for ‘danger signals’ and interact dynamically with surrounding cells. Upon sensing changes in their central nervous system microenvironment, microglia become activated, undergoing morphological and functional changes. Microglia activation is not an ‘all‐or‐none’ process, but rather a continuum depending on encountered stimuli, which is expressed through a spectrum of molecular and functional phenotypes ranging from so‐called ‘classically activated’, with a highly pro‐inflammatory profile, to ‘alternatively activated’ associated with a beneficial, less inflammatory, neuroprotective profile. Microglia activation has been demonstrated in most neurological diseases of diverse aetiology and has been implicated as a contributor to neurodegeneration. The possibility to promote microglia’s neuroprotective phenotype has therefore become a therapeutic goal. We have focused our discussion on the role of microglia in multiple sclerosis, a prototype of inflammatory, demyelinating, neurodegenerative disease, and on the effect of currently approved or on‐trial anti‐inflammatory therapeutic strategies that might mediate neuroprotection at least in part through their effect on microglia by modifying their behaviour via a switch of their functional phenotype from a detrimental to a protective one. In addition to pharmaceutical approaches, such as treatment with glatiramer acetate, interferon‐β, fingolimod or dimethyl fumarate, we address the alternative therapeutic approach of treatment with mesenchymal stem cells and their potential role in neuroprotection through their ‘calming’ effect on microglia.