bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between helicopter with physician versus ground emergency medical services and survival of adults with major trauma in Japan
Authors: Abe Toshikazu , Takahashi Osamu , Saitoh Daizoh , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Helicopter emergency medical services with a physician (HEMS) has been provided in Japan since 2001. However, HEMS and its possible effect on outcomes for severe trauma patients have still been debated as helicopter services require expensive and limited resources. Our aim was to analyze the association between the use of helicopters with a physician versus ground services and survival among adults with serious traumatic injuries.

Methods
This multicenter prospective observational study involved 24,293 patients. All patients were older than 15 years of age, had sustained blunt or penetrating trauma and had an Injury Severity Score (ISS) higher than 15. All of the patient data were recorded between 2004 and 2011 in the Japan Trauma Data Bank, which includes data from 114 major emergency hospitals in Japan. The primary outcome was survival to discharge from hospitals. The intervention was either transport by helicopter with a physician or ground emergency services.

Results
A total of 2,090 patients in the sample were transported by helicopter, and 22,203 were transported by ground. Overall, 546 patients (26.1%) transported by helicopter died compared to 5,765 patients (26.0%) transported by ground emergency services. Patients transported by helicopter had higher ISSs than those transported by ground. In multivariable logistic regression, helicopter transport had an odds ratio (OR) for survival to discharge of 1.277 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.049 to 1.556) after adjusting for age, sex, mechanism of injury, type of trauma, initial vital signs (including systolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate), ISS and prehospital treatment (including intubation, airway protection maneuver and intravenous fluid). In the propensity score–matched cohort, helicopter transport was associated with improved odds of survival compared to ground transport (OR, 1.446; 95% CI, 1.220 to 1.714). In conditional logistic regression, after adjusting for prehospital treatment (including intubation, airway protection maneuver and intravenous fluid), similar positive associations were observed (OR, 1.230; 95% CI, 1.017 to 1.488).

Conclusions
Among patients with major trauma in Japan, transport by helicopter with a physician may be associated with improved survival to hospital discharge compared to ground emergency services after controlling for multiple known confounders.
Endogenous thrombin potential following hemostatic therapy with 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate: a 7-day observational study of trauma patients
Authors: Schöchl Herbert , Voelckel Wolfgang , Maegele Marc , Kirchmair Lukas , Schlimp Christoph J 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Purified prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) is increasingly used as hemostatic therapy for trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC). However, the impact of PCC administration on coagulation status among patients with TIC has not been adequately investigated.

Methods
In this observational, descriptive study, data relating to thrombin generation were obtained from plasma samples gathered prospectively from trauma patients upon emergency room (ER) admission and over the following 7 days. Standard coagulation tests, including measurement of antithrombin (AT) and fibrinogen, were performed. Three groups were investigated: patients receiving no coagulation therapy (NCT group), patients receiving fibrinogen concentrate only (FC group), and patients treated with PCC and fibrinogen concentrate (FC-PCC group).

Results
The study population (77 patients) was predominantly male (84.4%); mean age was 40 ± 15 years and mean injury severity score was 25.6 ± 12.7. There were no significant differences between the three study groups in thrombin-related parameters upon ER admission. Endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) was significantly higher in the FC-PCC group compared with the NCT group on days 1 to 4 and the FC group on days 1 to 3. AT levels were significantly lower in the FC-PCC group from admission until day 3 (versus FC group) or day 4 (versus NCT group). Fibrinogen increased over time, with no significant between-group differences after ER admission. Despite ETP being higher, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were significantly prolonged in the FC-PCC group from admission until day 3 to 4.

Conclusions
Treatment with PCC increased ETP for several days, and patients receiving PCC therapy had low AT concentrations. These findings imply a potential pro-thrombotic state not reflected by standard coagulation tests. This is probably important given the postoperative acute phase increase in fibrinogen levels, although studies with clinical endpoints are needed to ascertain the implications for patient outcomes. We recommend careful use of PCC among trauma patients, with monitoring and potentially supplementation of AT.
Is the neutrophil a ‘prima donna’ in the procoagulant process during sepsis?
Authors: Iba Toshiaki , Miki Takahiro , Hashiguchi Naoyuki , Tabe Yoko , Nagaoka Isao 
Published: July 2014

AbstractActivation of the coagulation system is a fundamental host defense mechanism. Microorganisms that have invaded the body are trapped and disposed of in clots. Monocytes/macrophages are widely accepted as the main players in the procoagulant process; however, recent evidence suggests that neutrophils also play important roles. Tissue factor, which initiates the extrinsic coagulation cascade, is reportedly expressed on the surface of neutrophils, as well as on microparticles derived from neutrophils. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are another source of tissue factor. The components of NETs, such as DNA, histones, and granule proteins, also provide procoagulant activities. For instance, DNA initiates the intrinsic pathway, histones are a strong generator of thrombin, and granule proteins such as neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G and myeloperoxidase contribute to the suppression of the anticoagulation systems. Although understanding of the mechanisms that are involved in coagulation/fibrinolysis in sepsis has gradually progressed, the impact of neutrophils on thrombogenicity during sepsis remains to be addressed. Since the importance of the connection between coagulation and inflammation is advocated nowadays, further research on neutrophils is required.
Does repeat Hb measurement within 2 hours after a normal initial Hb in stable trauma patients add value to trauma evaluation?
Authors: Sierink Joanne C , Joosse Pieter , de Castro Steve MM , Schep Niels WL , Goslings J Carel 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
In our level I trauma center, it is considered common practice to repeat blood haemoglobin measurements in patients within 2 h after admission. However, the rationale behind this procedure is elusive and can be considered labour-intensive, especially in patients in whom haemorrhaging is not to be expected. The aim of this study was to assess the value of the repeated Hb measurement (r-Hb) within 2 h in adult trauma patients without evidence of haemodynamic instability.

Methods
The local trauma registry was used to identify all trauma patients without evidence of haemodynamic instability from January 2009 to December 2010. Patients in whom no initial blood Hb measurement (i-Hb) was done on admission, referrals, and patients without risk for traumatic injuries or haemorrhage based upon mechanism of injury (e.g. inhalation or drowning injury) were excluded.

Results
A total of 1,537 patients were included in the study, 1,246 of which did not present with signs of haemodynamic instability. Median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 5 (interquartile range (IQR) 1 to 13), 22% of the patients were multitrauma patients (ISS > 15). A normal i-Hb was found in 914 patients (73%). Of the 914 patients with a normal i-Hb, 639 (70%) had a normal r-Hb, while in 127 patients (14%), an abnormal r-Hb was found. In none of these patients, the abnormal r-Hb led to new diagnoses. In 148 patients (16%), no repeated Hb measurement was done without clinical consequences.

Conclusion
We conclude that repeated blood Hb measurement within 2 h after admission in stable, adult trauma patients with a normal initial Hb concentration does not add value to a trauma patient's evaluation.
Profiles of Everyday Executive Functioning in Young Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Daunhauer Lisa A. , Fidler Deborah J. , Hahn Laura , Will Elizabeth , Lee Nancy Raitano , Hepburn Susan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We investigated executive functioning (EF) in children with Down syndrome (DS; n  =  25) and typically developing (TD) children matched for mental age (MA; n  =  23) using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool. We sought to (1) compare children with DS to a developmentally matched control group, and (2) to characterize the EF profile of children with DS. Across teacher and parent reports, significant deficits in working memory and planning were observed in the DS group. Parents, but not teachers, of children with DS also reported difficulties in inhibitory control relative to the comparison group. Results extend earlier findings regarding EF impairments in children with DS. The complementary role inhibitory control may play in this profile is discussed.
Social Cognition in Adolescent Girls With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Turkstra Lyn S. , Abbeduto Leonard , Meulenbroek Peter 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize social cognition, executive functions (EFs), and everyday social functioning in adolescent girls with fragile X syndrome, and identify relationships among these variables. Participants were 20 girls with FXS and 20 age-matched typically developing peers. Results showed significant between-groups differences in social cognition, accounted for by differences in IQ and language. Within the FXS group, IQ and language were related to social cognition; parent-reported social functioning was related to language and EFs; and self-reported social functioning was generally good and not related to cognitive or social cognition variables. Results suggest that intervention might focus on managing language and cognitive contributions to social functioning, rather than social cognition, and underscore the importance of considering parent and adolescent perspectives.
Risk Factors for Self-Injury, Aggression, and Stereotyped Behavior Among Young Children At Risk for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Schroeder Stephen R. , Marquis Janet G. , Reese R. Matthew , Richman David M. , Mayo-Ortega Liliana , Oyama-Ganiko Rosa , LeBlanc Judith , Brady Nancy , Butler Merlin G. , Johnson Tiffany , Lawrence Linda 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBefore the 1990s, research on the early identification and prevention of severe behavior disorders (SBDs), such as aggression, self-injury, and stereotyped behavior, among young children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), was mostly done with children 3 years or older. More recent work suggests that signs of SBDs may occur as early as 6 months in some infants. The present study combined a cross-sectional and longitudinal approach to examine SBDs in 180 young children aged 4–48 months recruited through mass screening, then receiving an interdisciplinary evaluation and six-month follow-ups for one year. Twelve potential risk factors related to SBDs were examined. Eight of these risk factors, including age, gender, diagnosis, intellectual and communication levels, visual impairment, parent education, family income, were differentially related to scores for Aggression, SIB, and Stereotyped Behavior subscales on the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI-01) at initial interdisciplinary evaluation. BPI-01 scores decreased over the year for 57% of the children and increased for 43%. The amount of decrease on each BPI-01 subscale varied with age, gender, and diagnosis.
Point-of-Care Vertical Flow Allergen Microarray Assay: Proof of Concept
Authors: Chinnasamy Thiruppathiraja , Segerink Loes I , Nystrand Mats , Gantelius Jesper , Andersson Svahn Helene 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Sophisticated equipment, lengthy protocols, and skilled operators are required to perform protein microarray-based affinity assays. Consequently, novel tools are needed to bring biomarkers and biomarker panels into clinical use in different settings. Here, we describe a novel paper-based vertical flow microarray (VFM) system with a multiplexing capacity of at least 1480 microspot binding sites, colorimetric readout, high sensitivity, and assay time of &lt;10 min before imaging and data analysis.

METHOD
Affinity binders were deposited on nitrocellulose membranes by conventional microarray printing. Buffers and reagents were applied vertically by use of a flow controlled syringe pump. As a clinical model system, we analyzed 31 precharacterized human serum samples using the array system with 10 allergen components to detect specific IgE reactivities. We detected bound analytes using gold nanoparticle conjugates with assay time of ≤10 min. Microarray images were captured by a consumer-grade flatbed scanner.

RESULTS
A sensitivity of 1 ng/mL was demonstrated with the VFM assay with colorimetric readout. The reproducibility (CV) of the system was &lt;14%. The observed concordance with a clinical assay, ImmunoCAP, was R2 = 0.89 (n = 31).

CONCLUSIONS
In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrated that the VFM assay, which combines features from protein microarrays and paper-based colorimetric systems, could offer an interesting alternative for future highly multiplexed affinity point-of-care testing.
The regular Grünbaum polyhedron of genus 5
Authors: Gévay G. , Schulte E. , Wills J. M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We discuss a polyhedral embedding of the classical Fricke-Klein regular map of genus 5 in ordinary space E3. This polyhedron was originally discovered by Grünbaum in 1999, but was recently rediscovered by Brehm andWills. We establish isomorphism of the Grünbaum polyhedron with the Fricke-Klein map, and confirm its combinatorial regularity. The Grünbaum polyhedron is among the few currently known geometrically vertex-transitive polyhedra of genus g ≥ 2, and is conjectured to be the only vertex-transitive polyhedron in this genus range that is also combinatorially regular. We also contribute a new vertex-transitive polyhedron, of genus 11, to this list, as the 7th known example. In addition we show that there are only finitely many vertex-transitive polyhedra in the entire genus range g ≥ 2.
The group of strong symplectic homeomorphisms in the L∞-metric
Authors: Banyaga A. , Tchuiaga S. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The group SSympeo(M, ω) of strong symplectic homeomorphisms or group of ssympeomorphisms of a closed connected symplectic manifold (M, ω) was defined and studied in [2], [3]. In these papers the author uses the L(1,∞)-metric on the group Iso(M, ω) of all symplectic isotopies. In this paper we study the set SSympeo(M, ω)∞ of ssympeomorphisms in the L∞- metric. We prove the equality between SSympeo(M, ω) and SSympeo(M, ω)∞. This generalizes Müller’s result [6] asserting that Hameo(M, ω) = Hameo(M, ω)∞.
Non-existence of tight neighborly triangulated manifolds with β1 = 2
Authors: Singh N. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
All triangulated d-manifolds satisfy the inequality

for d ≥ 3. A triangulated d-manifold is called tight neighborly if it attains equality in this bound. For each d ≥ 3, a (2d+3)-vertex tight neighborly triangulation of the Sd-1-bundle over S1 with β1 = 1 was constructed by Kühnel in 1986. In this paper, it is shown that there does not exist a tight neighborly triangulated manifold with β1 = 2. In other words, there is no tight neighborly triangulation of (Sd-1x S1)#2 or (Sd-1x̲ S1)#2 for d ≥ 3. A short proof of the uniqueness of Kühnel’s complexes for d ≥ 4 under the assumption β1≠ 0 is also presented.
Wrangelia gordoniae, a new species of Rhodophyta (Ceramiales, Wrangeliaceae) from the tropical western Atlantic
Authors: Bucher Katina E. , Ballantine David L. , Lozada-Troche Chad , Norris James N. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
On the basis of comparative morphological and molecular analyses, a new red algal species in the genus Wrangelia (Wrangeliaceae, Ceramiales) is described from the tropical western Atlantic. Distinctive characteristics of the proposed new species, W. gordoniae, include: overall habit; built up pseudoparenchymatous cortex that is composed of 2, and in localized sites up to 3, layers of cortical cells, with the outermost layer incomplete, composed of smaller, irregular-shaped cells; and spermatangial heads with 5–6 (–7) involucres, each consisting of a single elongate cell. Analyses of SSU sequences of specimens of Wrangelia from Puerto Rico further support the presence of four genetically distinct entities. In addition to numerous recent collections, a number of herbarium specimens from different Caribbean locales previously identified as “W. penicillata” are now recognized to be W. gordoniae. The new species is compared morphologically with other Wrangelia species that also have 5 whorl branchlets per segment and a cortex that partially or wholly covers their axes. A key to the tropical western Atlantic species of Wrangelia is provided.
Messsystem zur ortsaufgelösten Schallfeldmessung
Authors: Horn Peter , Metzger Jochen , Wüst Michael , Lerch Reinhard 
Published: July 2014

Zusammenfassung
Das Schallfeld um eine Lärmquelle gibt Aufschluss über die Position einzelner
Teilschallquellen sowie deren Beitrag zum insgesamt emittierten Schall. Um
eine schnelle und einfache Kartierung von Schallfeldern zu ermöglichen, wurde
ein Messsystem entwickelt, das die Position eines Mikrofons ermittelt und so
dem gemessenen Schalldrucksignal einen Ort zuordnen kann. Das Mikrofon ist
hierzu an einem handgeführten Marker angebracht, der mit einem
Ultraschallsender ausgestattet ist. Mittels Laufzeitmessung zwischen Marker
und im Raum verteilten Ultraschallempfängern wird dessen Position bestimmt. Es
werden praktische Ergebnisse aus der Analyse von Strukturschwingungen und
Messungen von Schallfeldern in der Umgebung von Geräten vorgestellt.
Ein mobiles Referenzmesssystem für die Fahrzeugortung
Authors: Wegener Marco 
Published: July 2014

Zusammenfassung
Fahrzeugortungssysteme stellen eine wichtige Grundfunktionalität für
fortgeschrittene Assistenzsysteme und das automatisierte Fahren
dar. Für deren Einsatz bei sicherheitsrelevanten und rechtlich
bedeutsamen Anwendungen ist eine messtechnische Prüfung der
Ortungsqualität erforderlich. Hierfür wird eine mobiles und
physikalisch unabhängiges Referenzsystem benötigt. Der Beitrag
diskutiert Grundstrukturen von Referenzsystemen, generische
Anforderungen hieran und mögliche Technologien für deren
Implementierung. Zudem wird eine exemplarische Implementierung eines
Referenzsystems dargestellt, dass die formulierten Anforderungen
erfüllt und mit dem sich zukünftige Ortungssysteme wie Galileo werden
prüfen lassen. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Einblick in damit
erzielte Messergebnisse.
Advanced Testing and Characterization of Shear Modulus and Deformation Characteristics of Oil Sand Materials
Authors: Anochie-Boateng Joseph K. , Tutumluer Erol 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Oil sands are natural deposits of sand materials that are rich in bitumen. Limited studies have been conducted to determine the dynamic behavior of oil sand materials. Recent difficulties encountered in oil sand mine fields in Canada substantiated the need to characterize the stress dependent, visco-elastic, and plastic behavior of oil sand materials under dynamic loading of off-road construction and mining equipment. This paper introduces a new cyclic triaxial test procedure for determining shear modulus and deformation characteristics of oil sand materials. The test procedure was used to characterize shear moduli of three oil sand materials with varying bitumen contents. From the test results, nonlinear shear modulus models were successfully developed to characterize temperature and stress dependent behavior of the tested oil sand materials. The research findings indicate that the new laboratory approach is an improvement on conventional tests, especially when oil sand materials need to be evaluated in the field for subgrade construction and equipment mobility.
A Method for Improvement of the Heating Efficiency of Conductive Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Pan Pan , Wu Shaopeng , Chen Mingyu , Tang Ning 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Conductive asphalt concrete (CAC) has been proposed as an alternative method for removal of snow and ice from pavements. Most previous literature focused mainly on the material composition, mixing, and preparation methodology, electrical and mechanical performance evaluation of CAC, while few studies were available about its electric heating behavior. After analyzing the heat transfer balance involved in the snow melting process, this paper then provided a method to improve the heating efficiency of CAC and hence accelerate the snow melting process. Small-scale slabs were designed for laboratory electric heating tests and three different materials (including slurry seal, expanded shale, and waterproofing material) were employed to prepare the thermal insulation layer paved between the conductive layer and the bottom layer. Slabs were electric-heated under different initial temperatures and applied power. The results show that waterproofing slab exhibited the best insulating effect, followed by expanded shale and slurry seal, respectively. Insulation layers with low thermal conductivity were effective in improving the performance of the snow melting system. Furthermore, the effect of the insulation layer on heating efficiency was more significant under greater applied power.
Influence of Steel Wool Fibers on the Mechanical, Termal, and Healing Properties of Dense Asphalt Concrete
Authors: García Alvaro , Norambuena-Contreras Jose , Bueno Moises , Partl Manfred N. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This paper summarizes the main results of experimental research on the induction healing of dense asphalt concrete with steel wool fibers. Different physical properties of dense asphalt concrete, as the steel wool fibers distribution, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and healing via induction heating have been analysed. The main results show that short and thick fibers disperse very well in the mixture, while long and thin fibers produce clusters. It was also observed that fibers can be damaged during the mixing and compaction processes. In addition, it was found that steel wool fibers do not significantly improve the mechanical properties and damage resistance of dense asphalt concrete. Moreover, steel wool fibers slightly increase the thermal conductivity of dense asphalt concrete. Furthermore, the temperature reached due to induction heating increases with the number of fibers in the mixture and with their diameter. Finally, it was found that dense asphalt concrete heals through the increase of temperature and that the type and diameter of fibers do not influence the healing properties of dense asphalt concrete.