bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New technical developments in CMR
Authors: Razavi Reza , Sohal Manav , Chen Zhong , Harrison James 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Technical developments in cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) are changing our practice and opening up new avenues of research and clinical application. In this chapter three important areas are addressed that are moving from research into important clinical applications. First, the use of quantitative T1 mapping in characterizing myocardial tissue, particularly of the left ventricle. This area has expanded substantially over the last few years and T1 mapping techniques are now being used to study a number of conditions, including myocardial infarction and different cardiomyopathies. Second, the area of atrial imaging and the use of gadolinium late-enhancement and T2-weighted imaging to characterize the morphology of the left atrium. This has become increasingly important in the assessment of patients with atrial fibrillation, both as a way of classifying patients in terms of the severity of atrial disease and the likelihood of response to catheter ablation therapies, and also as a way of assessing the effects of these ablation therapies particularly when patients require redo procedures. Finally, the use of MRI conditional pacemakers, which have become available and now allow patients with pacemakers to undergo MRI studies.
Imaging during cardiac interventions
Authors: Rincón Luis M. , Zamorano José L. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Development and expansion of percutaneous interventional procedures in the catheterization laboratories during the last years have raised the need of imaging techniques capable to identify cardiac structures, guide the procedure, and exclude possible complications. Among different imaging techniques, echocardiography offers the advantage of its mobility and capability to assess different cardiac structures in real time. It has become the preferred method for a wide variety of cardiac procedures before, during, and after these interventions. Electrophysiology has also experienced a major change, as anatomy has proven to play a key role in arrhythmogenesis. This has forced a shift from an electrophysiologically guided procedure to an anatomically guided procedure, where imaging guiding has become essential to ensure an accurate knowledge of intra-cardiac anatomy and complement cardiac electrograms.
Echocardiography plays an important function in three aspects for interventional cardiology: prior to the procedure, it provides information for the selection of patients; during the procedure, it can monitor and guide the intervention; and afterwards, it assesses the results. In the last years, 3D-transoesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) and intra-cardiac echocardiography (ICE) have proved their utility and safety, providing information regarding anatomy and physiology in real time. There is no question that the use of imaging techniques can enhance the results and safety of these procedures. The particular features of each intervention and the variety of techniques currently available force cardiologists from the fields of echocardiography, interventional cardiology, and electrophysiology to know the strengths and weaknesses of each imaging modality in order to reach their best performance.
Aortic regurgitation
Authors: Rosenhek Raphael 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The workup of patients with aortic regurgitation is routinely based on echocardiography and includes a detailed morphologic assessment of the aortic valve with the determination of disease aetiology. The quantification of aortic regurgitation is based on an integration of qualitative and quantitative parameters. Haemodynamic consequences of aortic valve disease on left ventricular size, hypertrophy, and function, as well as potentially coexisting valve lesions, are assessed. Predictors of outcome and indications for surgery are substantially defined by echocardiographic parameters. Cardiac magnetic resonance has become an important complementary technique, both for the quantification of regurgitant severity and for the assessment of ventricular function. While the proximal parts of the ascending aorta are routinely visualized by transthoracic echocardiography, transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) and in particular cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and cardiac computed tomography (CT) allow a more comprehensive assessment of the thoracic aorta.
Heart failure—CMR to assess viability
Authors: Carpenter John-Paul , Pennell Dudley J. , Prasad Sanjay K. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This chapter will discuss how cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can assess myocardial viability in patients with chronic heart failure and help to identify those who may derive improvement in left ventricular function and (potentially) prognosis from revascularization. The following CMR parameters as markers of viability will also be discussed: end-diastolic wall thickness; dobutamine stress ventriculography; late gadolinium enhancement and transmurality of infarction; and new techniques (including MR spectroscopy and myocardial tagging).
Transition of pharmacology from community to corrections
Authors: Trestman Robert L. 
Published: May 2015

Psychopharmacology in general is a challenging field that includes much art as well as science. Clinicians usually depend upon self-report in making decisions regarding medication selection and dosing. When a patient becomes incarcerated, there are multiple potentially conflicting, or synergistic, situations. There are issues of different formularies, different environmental stressors, changed support groups, and practice patterns that all may contribute differentially to medication management decisions. Current community medications may have been determined while ongoing illicit drug use confounded the diagnostic picture. Collaboration between clinician and patient may have been poor, and subsequently treatment adherence may in turn have been marginal. Many similar issues apply when a patient transfers from a jail to a prison or from one prison to another. Preparation and review of transfer summary sheets and more detailed records are just as important in these situations and should be seen as the minimum standard in policy and in practice. Ideally, continuity of care, and any concerns about diagnosis or treatment are best shared through direct communication. A telephone exchange between treating psychiatrists is always better than simple written documentation. This chapter discusses both the issues and pragmatic management opportunities that can lead to improved patient care and enhanced functioning.
Evaluation of malingering in corrections
Authors: Knoll James L. 
Published: May 2015

Recognizing when someone is not being truthful is challenging. Multiple tests of malingering have been developed for forensic purposes. Malingered mental illness in the correctional setting poses a complicated dilemma. Many factors change the typical presentation and detection strategies, and inaccurate determinations have serious consequences. Detection requires a thorough knowledge of the characteristics of genuine psychiatric illness, a systematic approach to evaluation, identification of objective indicators, and use of scientifically validated psychological tests when necessary. The detection of malingering in corrections is necessary to ensure the judicious use of limited resources, and to bring diagnostic accuracy to assessments. A comprehensive, systematic approach is required. The clinician must assemble evidence from a thorough evaluation, clinical records, collateral data, and psychological testing when necessary. A conclusion of malingering is best supported with multiple factual bases. The correctional setting provides many unique challenges to detecting malingered mental illness. The finding that an inmate patient has malingered symptoms does not rule out the presence of true mental illness, and a determination of malingering should not exclude the inmate from receiving needed mental health services. How structured tests and other clinical skills may be used in treatment decisions in jail and prison settings is the content of this chapter.
Histologic RNFL Thickness in Glaucomatous Versus Normal Human Eyes
Authors: Maurice Corinne , Friedman Yael , Cohen Matan J. , Kaliner Ehud , Mimouni Michael , Kogan Michael , Blumenthal Eytan Z. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose:
To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in histologic sections of glaucomatous eyes to nonglaucomatous eyes, to ascertain whether RNFL thinning can be confirmed histologically in human eyes.

Materials and Methods:
Seven postmortem glaucomatous eyes were compared with 17 normal postmortem eyes. The eyes were sectioned using the “umbrella technique” and measurements were performed on 4 concentric peripapillary rings with diameters of 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 mm. An overall average thickness, as well as an average for each of the temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior quadrants was obtained. The RNFL thickness of both groups in each of the quadrants in each of the rings were compared.

Results:
The overall average thickness (μm±SD) of the glaucomatous eyes for the 3.5-mm diameter rings was 36.5±10.6 compared with an average thickness of 60.3±19.5 in the nonglaucomatous eyes (P=0.006). The average sectorial thickness of the 3.5-mm diameter rings for the glaucomatous and normal eyes, respectively, was: temporal 30.9±10.6, 49.2±26.4 (P=0.080); superior 41.0±13.2, 75.3±26.5 (P=0.003); nasal 32.7±7.8, 48.1±15.0 (P=0.023); and inferior 41.6±14.4, 69.4±22.4 (P=0.012). The overall physiological “double hump” pattern was less preserved in the glaucomatous eyes.

Conclusions:
In this study a statistically significant loss of RNFL tissue was demonstrated when comparing glaucomatous to normal postmortem human eyes. These findings strengthen data obtained using imaging techniques that quantify RNFL thickness.
Investigation of the anticorossion properties of perovskites in epoxy-ester resin based organic coating materials
Authors: Kalendova Andrea , Hejdová Martina , Vesely David 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to synthesize anticorrosion pigments of the perovskite type, YXO3, where X = Ti, Zr, Mn or Al and Y = Ca, Sr, La or Fe, for coating materials intended for corrosion protection of metals. Also, to synthesize pigments containing hexavalent Mo and W (double perovskites).

Design/methodology/approach
– The anticorrosion pigments were synthesized from oxides or carbonates by a high-temperature process. The following pigments were synthesized: CaTiO3, SrTiO3, CaZrO3, SrZrO3, LaTiO3, LaMnO3, CaMnO3, SrMnO3, LaFe2O3, SrFe2O3, LaAlO3, Ca2ZnWO6 and Ca2ZnMoO6. The pigments were characterized by the physico-chemical properties of the powders, by X-ray diffraction analysis and by scanning electron microscopy. Epoxy-ester coating materials containing the pigments at a volume concentration PVC = 10 per cent were prepared and subjected to tests examining their physico-mechanical properties and tests in simulated corrosion atmospheres.

Findings
– The perovskite structure was identified in the majority of the pigments. The pigments were found to impart good corrosion inhibiting properties to coating materials. The highest calculated anticorrosion efficiency was found for paints containing CaMnO3 or SrMnO3 as the pigments.

Practical implications
– The pigments synthesized can be used with advantage in paints intended for corrosion protection of the substrate metals.

Originality/value
– The use of the above pigments in anticorrosion coating materials to protect metals is new. Especially beneficial are the uses and procedures for the synthesis of anticorrosion pigments which do not contain heavy metals and are acceptable from the environmental protection aspect.
An important world crop – barley – as a new green inhibitor for acid corrosion of steel
Authors: Saadawy M 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to test the extract of barley as an environmentally friendly inhibitor for the acid corrosion of steel due to its wide availability as a popular major crop and its richness with different chemical constituents reported in literature (40) like alanine, glycine, serine, aspartic acid, leucine, valine, tyrosine and isoleucine with various number of functional groups that are able to chelate metal cations and to discuss the effect of temperature on its inhibition efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach
– Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization measurements were carried out using frequency response analyzer Gill AC instrument. The frequency range for EIS measurements was 0.1 ≤ f ≤ 1 × 103 with an applied potential signal amplitude of 10 mV around the rest potential. Polarization measurements were carried out at a scan rate of 30 mV/min, utilizing a three-electrode cell. A platinum sheet and saturated calomel electrode were used as counter and reference electrodes, respectively. The working electrode was constructed with steel specimens that have the following composition (weight per cent): C, 0.21; S, 0.04; Mn, 2.5; P, 0.04; Si, 0.35; and balance Fe.

Findings
– Barley extract could act as an effective corrosion inhibitor for the acid corrosion of steel. The inhibiting action of the barley extract was attributed to its adsorption over the metal surface that blocks the available cathodic and anodic sites. Adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorbed extract molecules cover one active center over the metal surface.

Originality/value
– The research included the first use of an important world crop as an effective corrosion inhibitor that can reduce the corrosion of steel to an extent of 94 per cent.
Export marketing assistance and early internationalizing firm performance
Authors: Faroque Anisur R. , Takahashi Yoshi 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contingent relationship between government marketing assistance for export and the performance of early internationalizing firms in a developing country’s low-tech industry.Design/methodology/approach– The authors employ hierarchical multiple regression based on the data obtained from Bangladesh, a south Asian developing country and a leading exporter of apparel products worldwide. The authors used a sample of 224 early internationalizing apparel firms to test the hypotheses.Findings– Research describes the relationship between export assistance and performance as direct. Recently, some researchers have suggested moderators between them. The authors argue that the relationship between the two is contingent on the level of export commitment. The authors find that neither informational nor experiential marketing assistance is directly related to export performance. The relationship between informational assistance and export performance is significantly, but (unexpectedly) negatively, moderated by export commitment. The effect of experiential assistance is positively, but only marginally, moderated by export commitment.Originality/value– Contrary to researchers’ overarching focus on a direct relationship, the authors investigate the moderation on the relationship between export informational and experiential marketing assistance, and early internationalizing firms’ performance in a developing country’s low-tech industry setting. The authors use export commitment as the moderator; it is one of the most important internal determinants of export performance and extremely relevant in early internationalizing firms. The differential impact of informational and experiential assistance provides additional insights.
Three debates in organizational learning: what every manager should know
Authors: Thomas Nobin , Vohra Neharika 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The present study aims to address three major debates in organizational learning, review past literature and pinpoint practical implications for managers.

Design/methodology/approach
– This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
– Though theoretical contributions have enriched “organizational learning” literature for over five decades, there seems to be little consensus among scholars about its definition, methodology and theoretical perspectives. Little did anyone realize that the construct itself would become so encompassing that its merit of being understood gets overshadowed by the multitude of perspectives. For managers, it requires a basic understanding of these three debates to remain open to the organizational learning efforts in their organization.

Originality/value
– Based on an extensive literature review, the briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Why wakeful leadership is more important now than ever
Authors: Marques Joan F. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to underscore the need for wakeful leadership, which is manifested through regular reflection.

Design/methodology/approach
– This briefing is prepared by a leadership scholar/practitioner based on a blend of theory and practice.

Findings
– Today’s leadership, whether in a formal or informal setting, and whether with others involved or not, requires reflection to refrain from mindless continuance of obsolete mindsets and behaviors.

Practical implications
– The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking aimed at constructively influencing current and future leaders.

Originality/value
– A brief but critical emphasis on the urgent need of reflectively leading ourselves, others and our organizations today, considering past and future.
Teaching “other people’s children” in Australia from the 1840s to contemporary times
Authors: Whitehead Kay 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore Australian educators’ work with “other people’s children” (OPCs) (Delpit, 2006) from the informal education market of the 1840s to the mass education market in contemporary times.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is structured as a narrative about the expansion of the educational state and the concomitant development of technologies of inclusion and exclusion. Snapshots of various educators’ work with “OPCs” are woven into the narrative.

Findings
– Notwithstanding contemporary efforts to “confront educational disadvantage” and an ever increasing array of technologies with which to differentiate students, OPCs remain on the margins of Australian education.

Originality/value
– This paper is a unique look at Australian educators’ work with “OPCs” over the past 175 years.
Telling business stories as fellowship-tales
Authors: Smith Robert A , Neergaard Helle 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to explore the “Fellowship-Tale” as an alternative tale type for narrating entrepreneur stories. The authors illustrate this by telling the Pilgrim business story. It is common for the deeds of men who founded businesses to be narrated as heroic entrepreneur stories. Such fairy tales are dominant narratives in Western culture but do not resonate with everyone, particularly women. Consequentially, many businesswomen do not engage in the rhetoric of enterprise.Design/methodology/approach– The qualitative, analytic approaches adopted in this study include narratology, semiotics and aesthetics. This complementary triage helps us appreciate the complexity of entrepreneur stories while unravelling the nuances of the tale. It also permits triangulation of the data gathered from an in-depth interview of the respondent with newspaper and Internet research.Findings– The research indicates that “fellowship-tales” provide a viable and credible alternative to the fairy-tale rendition common in entrepreneur and business stories.Research limitations/implications– An obvious limitation is that one merely swaps one narrative framework for another, albeit it offers dissenting voices a real choice.Practical implications– This study has the potential to be far reaching because at a practical level, it allows disengaged entrepreneurs and significant others the freedom to exercise their individual and collective voices within a framework of nested stories.Originality/value– A key contribution is to challenge the hegemony of a dominant and embedded social construct allowing new understandings to emerge via a novel combination of research methodologies.
Use of big data in project evaluations
Authors: Olsson Nils O.E. , Bull-Berg Heidi 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how Big Data can be used in project evaluations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study is based on literature research and interviews with 15 professionals in IT, project and asset management and government agencies. The authors discuss and illustrate what data that can be used for project evaluations and discuss potential obstacles.

Findings
– New data is creating new opportunities to analyse a phenomenon based on different types of data. Interesting data categories include: internet traffic, movement-related data, physical environment data and data in organisational internal systems. The authors show how these data categories can be applied in project evaluations.

Research limitations/implications
– Big Data gives an opportunity to add quantitative data in ex post evaluations. Use of Big Data can serve as a step towards a stronger technology focus in evaluations of projects.

Practical implications
– There are major advantages in using Big Data, increasing the opportunities to find indicators that are relevant when a project is evaluated.

Social implications
– Possible problematic issues related to use of Big Data that are addressed in the study include: availability, applicability, relevance, privacy policy, ownership, cost and competence. The study indicates that none of the challenges need to hinder use of Big Data when evaluating projects, provided that the issues are properly managed.

Originality/value
– The study illustrates how Big Data can be applied in project management research.
Constructing legal authority to facilitate multi-level interagency health data sharing in the United States
Authors: Fiedler Beth Ann 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to forward specific policy proposals permitting greater sharing of health data across multi-level government agencies with the purpose of improving rapid identification of bioterrorist attack or disease epidemics while protecting patient privacy.

Design/methodology/approach
– A systematic literature review searched the following keyword phrases: knowledge sharing in the public sector, raw data sharing, interagency information systems, federal data sharing technology network and network theory on five primary databases.

Findings
– The volunteer nature of data sharing must evolve through public health policy to permit interagency data access agreements while minimizing privacy infringement. A multi-level information infrastructure network linking agencies tasked to develop medical countermeasures is recommended.

Originality/value
– This study optimizes the health data collection process to create a medical countermeasure network, demonstrates the utility of operationalizing data metrics for a US federal agency and advances meaningful use of electronic medical records.