bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for Organization and Echo Training in a Flash-Flood-Producing Mesoscale Convective System
Authors: Peters John M. , Schumacher Russ S. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this research, a numerical simulation of an observed training line/adjoining stratiform (TL/AS)-type mesoscale convective system (MCS) was used to investigate processes leading to upwind propagation of convection and quasi-stationary behavior. The studied event produced damaging flash flooding near Dubuque, Iowa, on the morning of 28 July 2011.
The simulated convective system well emulated characteristics of the observed system and produced comparable rainfall totals. In the simulation, there were two cold pool–driven convective surges that exited the region where heavy rainfall was produced. Low-level unstable flow, which was initially convectively inhibited, overrode the surface cold pool subsequent to these convective surges, was gradually lifted to the point of saturation, and reignited deep convection. Mechanisms for upstream lifting included persistent large-scale warm air advection, displacement of parcels over the surface cold pool, and an upstream mesolow that formed between 0500 and 1000 UTC.
Convection tended to propagate with the movement of the southeast portion of the outflow boundary, but did not propagate with the southwest outflow boundary. This was explained by the vertical wind shear profile over the depth of the cold pool being favorable (unfavorable) for initiation of new convection along the southeast (southwest) cold pool flank.
A combination of a southward-oriented pressure gradient force in the cold pool and upward transport of opposing southerly flow away from the boundary layer moved the outflow boundary southward. Upward transport of southerly momentum by convection along the southward-moving outflow boundary, along with convectively induced southward pressure gradient forces cut off southerly inflow to the MCS, which temporarily disrupted backbuilding.
The Effect of Peroneus Brevis Tendon Anatomy on the Stability of Fractures at the Fifth Metatarsal Base
Authors: Morris Parisa M. , Francois Annie G. , Marcus Randall E. , Farrow Lutul D. 
Published: December 2014

Background: Nonunion of classic Jones fractures has typically been attributed to the precarious vascular anatomy of the proximal fifth metatarsal. Despite this theory, the operative treatment of these fractures utilizes biomechanical solutions. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the peroneus brevis (PB) tendon on the stability of fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal. Methods: We utilized 5 matched pairs (10 specimens) of fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens. We used 2 loading conditions: (1) a simulated fracture distal to the PB insertion (Jones equivalent) and (2) a simulated fracture within the footprint of the PB insertion (avulsion equivalent). Following the creation of the fracture, each lower extremity was statically loaded through the Achilles and PB tendons. Our primary outcome measure was the degree of fracture diastasis with loading of the PB. Anteroposterior images with and without loading were obtained to evaluate fracture separation. We utilized a paired Student t test and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for all statistical analyses. Results: The average length of the PB footprint was 15.2 mm. The simulated Jones fractures demonstrated greater fracture widening following loading of the PB tendon compared to the simulated avulsion fractures. The simulated avulsion fractures widened 0.4 mm on loading compared to 1.1 mm of widening in the simulated Jones fractures ( P = .02). Intraobserver reliability for all radiographic measurements showed substantial agreement (ICC = 0.91). Conclusion: The PB exerted a deforming force on the proximal fragment of simulated Jones fractures. This deforming force was less pronounced in the simulated avulsion fractures. The principal findings of this study were that proximal fifth metatarsal fractures distal to the PB insertion were significantly more unstable than more proximal fractures. Clinical Relevance: Our findings help support the notion that a mechanical component may contribute to the poor healing potential of Jones fractures secondary to deformation exerted by the PB tendon.
Dorsal Plating of Low-Energy Lisfranc Injuries
Authors: Hsu Albert , Moss Lewis , Harris Thomas G. 
Published: December 2014

Surgically repairing acute Lisfranc injuries remains a difficult task, and the injury remains a challenging one for the treating surgeon. Although there are many proponents of acute arthrodesis for Lisfranc injuries, there remain a proportion of patients with low-energy trauma who may be best treated with open reduction internal fixation and joint salvaging procedures. Here, the authors present a case report and technique to anatomically fix Lisfranc injuries while preventing any concomitant articular damage in the process. They have found this to be a reliable and safe procedure in this demanding patient population. Levels: Level IV—Case Report
Outcomes of children exposed in uteroto chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Murthy Rashmi K , Theriault Richard L , Barnett Chad M , Hodge Silvia , Ramirez Mildred M , Milbourne Andrea , Rimes Sue A , Hortobagyi Gabriel N , Valero Vicente , Litton Jennifer K 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The incidence of breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy is expected to increase as more women delay childbearing in the United States. Treatment of cancer in pregnant women requires prudent judgment to balance the benefit to the cancer patient and the risks to the fetus. Prospective data on the outcomes of children exposed to chemotherapy in utero are limited for the breast cancer population.

Methods
Between 1992 and 2010, 81 pregnant patients with breast cancer were treated in a single-arm, institutional review board–approved study with 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting. Labor and delivery records were reviewed for each patient and neonate. In addition, the parents or guardians were surveyed regarding the health outcomes of the children exposed to chemotherapy in utero.

Results
In total, 78% of the women (or next of kin) answered a follow-up survey. At a median age of 7 years, most of the children exposed to chemotherapy in utero were growing normally without any significant exposure-related toxicity or health problems. Three children were born with congenital abnormalities: one each with Down syndrome, ureteral reflux or clubfoot. The rate of congenital abnormalities in the cohort was similar to the national average of 3%.

Conclusions
During the second and third trimesters, pregnant women with breast cancer can be treated with FAC safely without concerns for serious complications or short-term health concerns for their offspring who are exposed to chemotherapy in utero. Continued long-term follow-up of the children in this cohort is required.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00510367. Other Study ID numbers: ID01-193, NCI-2012-01578. Registration date: 31 July 2007.
Reviews
Authors: Avakian Bob , Moon Wooil M. 
Published: December 2014

Seismic Data Analysis Techniques in Hydrocarbon Exploration, by Enwenode Onajite, ISBN 978-0-12-420023-4, Elsevier Inc., 256 p., US $129.95 (e-book available). Near-Surface Applied Geophysics, by Mark E. Everett, ISBN 978-1-107-01877-8, Cambridge University Press, 415 p., US $89.99.
Melatonin Regulates Somatotrope and Lactotrope Function Through Common and Distinct Signaling Pathways in Cultured Primary Pituitary Cells From Female Primates
Authors: Ibáñez-Costa Alejandro , Córdoba-Chacón José , Gahete Manuel D. , Kineman Rhonda D. , Castaño Justo P. , Luque Raúl M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMelatonin (MT) is secreted by the pineal gland and exhibits a striking circadian rhythm in its release. Depending on the species studied, some pituitary hormones also display marked circadian/seasonal patterns and rhythms of secretion. However, the precise relationship between MT and pituitary function remains controversial, and studies focusing on the direct role of MT in normal pituitary cells are limited to nonprimate species. Here, adult normal primate (baboons) primary pituitary cell cultures were used to determine the direct impact of MT on the functioning of all pituitary cell types from the pars distalis. MT increased GH and prolactin (PRL) expression/release in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, a response that was blocked by somatostatin. However, MT did not significantly affect ACTH, FSH, LH, or TSH expression/release. MT did not alter GHRH- or ghrelin-induced GH and/or PRL secretions, suggesting that MT may activate similar signaling pathways as ghrelin/GHRH. The effects of MT on GH/PRL release, which are likely mediated through MT1 receptor, involve both common (adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A/extracellular calcium-channels) and distinct (phospholipase C/intracellular calcium-channels) signaling pathways. Actions of MT on pituitary cells also included regulation of the expression of other key components for the control of somatotrope/lactotrope function (GHRH, ghrelin, and somatostatin receptors). These results show, for the first time in a primate model, that MT directly regulates somatotrope/lactotrope function, thereby lending support to the notion that the actions of MT on these cells might substantially contribute to the define daily patterns of GH and PRL observed in primates and perhaps in humans.
The Value of Funds of Hedge Funds: Evidence from Their Holdings
Authors: Aiken Adam L. , Clifford Christopher P. , Ellis Jesse 
Published: December 2014

We examine the portfolio holdings of funds of hedge funds (FoFs) to identify the channels through which FoFs add value for their clients. FoFs offer access to a diversified portfolio of funds that would be costly for constrained investors to manage on their own. Although we find only limited evidence that FoFs exhibit skill when selecting hedge funds, we find strong evidence that FoFs make skillful termination decisions. After FoFs divest from a hedge fund, those hedge funds subsequently underperform and fail more often. Our evidence indicates that FoFs learn and skillfully process information about their portfolio funds after they become investors, enabling them to forecast poor future performance. Our study suggests that FoFs serve an important role as intermediaries in a market characterized by significant frictions and transactions costs. This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Student midwives’ knowledge of perinatal mental health
Authors: Jarrett Patricia 
Published: December 2014

Background: Psychiatric illness is a leading indirect cause of maternal mortality. Earlier studies suggest serious discrepancies in the training and knowledge of midwives with regard to perinatal mental health. Aims: To explore the knowledge and experience of student midwives in the care of women with perinatal mental health problems. Methods: A modified questionnaire was distributed to student midwives near completion of 3-year and 78-week midwifery programmes. Results: Students often under-estimated the risk of women with existing mental health problems developing a serious mental health problem during pregnancy or in the postpartum period. Students felt ill-prepared and lacked confidence in caring for women with serious mental health problems. Conclusion: Recommendations from the findings of this study indicate (1) a review of undergraduate midwifery education in relation to perinatal mental health is needed; (2) a larger study, involving a more diverse sample of students, would enable generalisation to a wider population.
Health professionals’ attitudes towards the promotion of breastfeeding
Authors: Marks Dougie , O'Connor Rory 
Published: December 2014

Background: Despite their important role in breastfeeding promotion, there is a lack of research regarding professionals’ attitudes towards breastfeeding, and the impact these may have on breastfeeding promotion. Aim: To investigate health professionals’ views regarding breastfeeding, the influences on those views, and how they impact the breastfeeding promotion. Methods: In this qualitative study, 10 focus groups were carried out with health professionals involved with breastfeeding promotion. Results: Several themes emerged. These were: powerlessness and pessimism, breastfeeding promotion vs coercion/education, and the function of breastfeeding promotion. Professionals felt positively towards breastfeeding, but saw their influence as minimal due to an array of external influences on the mothers’ decision. They felt that promotion was not always carried out appropriately, and were wary of moralising breastfeeding. Professionals felt their role was one of informing, rather than promotion.
A real-life clinical evaluation of a next-generation antimicrobial dressing on acute and chronic wounds
Authors: Walker M. , Metcalf D. , Parsons D. , Bowler P. 
Published: December 2014

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a new, next-generation antimicrobial dressing (AQUACEL Ag+ dressing) in facilitating healing in a variety of hard-to-heal wounds that may have been compromised by infection and/or biofilm. Method: This was an international, multi-centred, real-life, non-randomised evaluation involving patients with a wide variety of slow-, non-healing or deteriorating chronic and acute wounds. There were no strict inclusion or exclusion criteria and the clinicians were asked to use their discretion in the selection of patients. The clinicians continued to use their standard protocol of care but replaced their existing primary wound-contact dressing with the next-generation antimicrobial dressing (NGAD) for up to 4 weeks. Clinicians could extend the treatment period if this was deemed clinically appropriate. Baseline assessments included wound bed characteristics, exudate level, indicators of wound biofilm, and signs and symptoms of infection. At the final assessment, the investigators reported the wound size, wound bed characteristics, and exudate level. Results: A total of 121 patients were recruited into the original evaluation, of which eight were excluded for incomplete data sets. Most wounds (73; 64%) were either venous leg ulcers (59; 52%) or diabetic foot ulcers (14; 12%). At baseline, the wounds of (26; 23%) patients were slowly improving, 65 were stagnant (58%) and 22 (19%) were deteriorating. Just under three-quarters (74%) of the wounds had suspected biofilm (criteria including failure of a wound to heal, lack of response to topical and systemic antimicrobial agents, or the presence of slimy substances on the wound surface). Following the evaluations, the average wound closure achieved for all wounds was 72.6%, 19 (17%) wounds healed, 47 (42%) achieved at least 90% wound closure, and 71 (63%) achieved at least 75% closure. The average treatment period was 4.1 weeks; 35 wounds were treated with the dressing for more than 4 weeks. Cost analysis indicated that potential antimicrobial dressing cost reductions of approximately 30% were realised using the NGAD. Conclusion: This real-life, non-randomised evaluation provides encouraging evidence that the NGAD may have a role to play in facilitating wound progression towards healing by helping to eliminate the biofilm barrier. Declaration of interest: M. Walker, D. Metcalf, D. Parsons and P. Bowler are all employees of ConvaTec Ltd. Aysha Mendes da Mata is an independent writer and Annemarie Brown is an independent clinician, both received a fee and support from MA Healthcare to write up the evaluation using data supplied by ConvaTec.
Use of HBOT and a living bilayer skin substitute for a compromised flap with chronic steroid use: a case report
Authors: Pistorio A.L. , Leslie J. , Gustavson R.B. , Baynosa R.C. 
Published: December 2014

Wound healing in a degloving injury can be compromised due to mechanical compression, increased length-to-width ratio, and time to treatment. Chronic steroid use is also a known risk factor for poor wound healing in wounds of any type. We report the first known case of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and Apligraf, a living bilayer skin substitute, for non-operative salvage of a traumatic degloving injury in 70-year-old female on chronic steroids for sarcoidosis.Declaration of interest:The authors have received no financial support for the material presented in this study outside of the scope of standard patient care reimbursement. The authors do not have any financial conflict of interest to disclose.
Standard precaution and incidence of needle stick injury during children vaccination among nurses working in maternal and child health centers in El-Minia governorate
Authors: Hossein Yosria 
Published: December 2014

Background: Persons administering vaccines should follow necessary precautions to minimize risk for spreading disease. Nurses have a significant role in this process and are responsible for implementing several infection control strategies. Syringes and needles used for injections must be sterile and disposable to minimize the risk of contamination. The Centers for disease Control and prevention (CDC) estimates that each year 384,000 needle sticks injuries (NSI) and other sharp â€“ related percutaneous injuries are sustained by hospital â€“ based healthcare personnel, an average of over 1,000 sharp injuries per day. The estimate is not including other health care settings, such as emergency services, outpatient Clinics home based care and nursing homes.Objective: This study aims to identify the standard precaution and the Incidence of Needle Stick Injury Among nurses working in Maternal and Child Health Centers during Children vaccination in El-Minia GovernorateMaterial and Method: Cross sectional study was utilized to meet the aim of the study, this study was conducted in the ten(10) minister center of health (MCH) at EL- Minia from May to August 2012, the Nurses participated in this study included (100) Nurses who are working in (M CH) center after receiving their consents for participation. Observation checklist was done to observe the nurses performance before, during and after child vaccine and procedure toward universal precaution.Results: that the highest frequency of nurses were in the age intervals 30<40 years with main age (34.3 Â± 9.4) all sample were females and secondary school degree in nursing. More than have of them 55%were having 10:20 years of experience in nursing, Relation between nurse's incidences of needle stick injury and their experience, show statistically significant differences. Also the relation between nurse's incidences of need stick injury and their training, were good with statistically significant differencesConclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of needle stick injuries and low of using standard precaution among nurses during vaccination the child so suggests that every MCH must have an infection control committeeÂ for observation the using of standard precaution and training the nurses for prevention of needle stick injury.
Body composition, bone turnover, and bone mass in trans men during testosterone treatment: 1-year follow-up data from a prospective case–controlled study (ENIGI)
Authors: Van Caenegem E , Wierckx K , Taes Y , Schreiner T , Vandewalle S , Toye K , Lapauw B , Kaufman J-M , T'Sjoen G 
Published: December 2014

PurposeTo assess the evolution of body composition and bone metabolism in trans men during the first year of cross-sex hormonal therapy.MethodsIn a prospective controlled study, we included 23 trans men (female-to-male trans persons) and 23 age-matched control women. In both groups, we examined grip strength (hand dynamometer), biochemical markers of bone turnover (C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen (CTX) and procollagen 1 aminoterminal propeptide (P1NP)), total body fat and lean mass, and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and fat and muscle area at the forearm and calf, bone geometry, and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), before treatment and after 1 year of treatment with undecanoate (1000 mg i.m./12 weeks).ResultsBefore hormonal treatment, trans men had similar bone and body composition compared with control women. Testosterone treatment induced in trans men a gain in muscle mass (+10.4%) and strength and loss of fat mass (−9.7%) (allP<0.001) and increased the levels of P1NP and CTX (bothP<0.01). Areal and volumetric bone parameters remained largely unchanged apart from a small increase in trabecular vBMD at the distal radius and in BMD at the total hip in trans men (P=0.036 andP=0.001 respectively). None of these changes were observed in the control group.ConclusionsShort-term testosterone treatment in trans men increased muscle mass and bone turnover. The latter may rather reflect an anabolic effect of testosterone treatment rather than bone loss.
Changes in Kernel Filling with Selection for Grain Yield in a Maize Population
Authors: Eichenberger Steve , Miguez Fernando , Edwards Jode , Knapp Allen 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTGenetic improvement in kernel filling characteristics has been an important contributor to hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) yield increases. However, changes in kernel filling characteristics have not been evaluated within the context of recurrent selection programs. The objective of this study was to determine if rate and duration of kernel filling and their interaction with plant density changed with long‐term recurrent selection for agronomic performance in the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) population. Populations selected for improved grain yield and agronomic performance were compared with the unselected base population, BSSS, at average final plant densities of 4.7 and 6.6 seeds m−2 at two locations near Ames, IA in 2009 and 2010. Treatments were replicated three times per location in a split plot design. Selected populations had a longer period of kernel filling but did not have a higher rate of kernel filling. Selected populations also had reduced final kernel weight at higher plant density, whereas unselected populations did not differ in final kernel weight. Reduction in final kernel weight at high plant density in selected populations suggests that increases in grain yield at high plant density in selected populations resulted from components of grain yield other than final kernel weight.
Evaluation and Reselection of Wheat Resistance to Russian Wheat Aphid Biotype 2
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Bai Guihua , Carver Brett F. , Zhan Kehui , Huang Yinghua , Mornhinweg Dolores 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTRussian wheat aphid (RWA, Diuraphis noxia, Mordvilko) biotype 2 (RWA2) is virulent to most known RWA resistance genes and severely threatens wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the hard winter wheat area of the U.S. western Great Plains. We determined RWA2 reactions of 386 cultivars from China, 227 advanced breeding lines and recently released cultivars from the United States, 505 landraces from countries where RWA is endemic, and 31 genetic stocks developed in the United States, Australia, Canada, and Russia. The majority of wheat accessions from China and the United States were highly susceptible to RWA2. Only nine landrace accessions produced a homogeneous resistant reaction. In addition, highly resistant plants were identified in 28 heterogeneous landraces. Thus, reselection was conducted to purify some potential resistance sources, and the single‐plant progenies of 220 selected plants were evaluated. Homogeneous resistant or highly resistant lines were identified from seven previously heterogeneous landraces. Reselection line PI 626759‐20‐32 offered a high level of resistance similar to lines carrying Dn7, the rye (Secale cereale L.)‐derived resistance gene associated with undesirable bread‐making quality. PI 626759‐20‐32 has the potential to supplement or replace Dn7 as a new RWA2 resistance source in wheat breeding.