bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISCOUNT RATE DISTORTIONS AND THE RESOURCE CURSE
Authors: HU BIN , MCKITRICK ROSS 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEmpirical evidence has suggested a “resource curse” exists, in which countries with abundant resources may have higher initial consumption but then grow more slowly. The effect appears to be dependent on a country's political structure. Theoretical models not typically accounted for historical exceptions, or have not shown the effect exists in a dynamic growth setting. We derive the resource curse effect in an optimal growth model augmented with a political process. The economy has a finite nonrenewable resource, and the government planner can choose to over‐extract natural resources relative to the efficient path by distorting the discount rate, but in so doing incurs political costs that depend on the presence of democracy. Government planners in non‐democratic countries usually have more autonomy in policymaking than those in democratic countries; therefore, the political cost is lower for non‐democratic countries. We show that the incentive for the planner to distort the extraction path is larger, the higher is the initial resource endowment. Consistent with empirical evidence, the distortion raises short‐term consumption but lowers the long‐term growth rate, and institutional differences create corner solutions that explain why some resource‐abundant countries avoid the curse. These results are robust to the inclusion of autonomous technological change.
REGIONAL FINANCIAL INTEGRATION IN SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICA – AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF ITS EFFECTS ON FINANCIAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Authors: FREY LEO , VOLZ ULRICH 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article examines the effects of political agreements on regional financial integration (RFI) on financial market development and access to and cost of finance inSub‐SaharanAfrica (SSA). Our results suggest thatRFIpositively affects financial development – measured very broadly as ratio of liquid liabilities to gross domestic product (GDP) – when combined with a sufficient level of institutional quality. If institutional quality is below a threshold level,RFIapparently has negative effects on financial development. However, we cannot find any significant effects of RFI on the ratio of private credit toGDPor on the efficiency of the banking sector. Regarding the effects ofRFIon access to and costs of finance of enterprises inSSA, our results are mixed. We can find no significant effect ofRFIon access to finance for all firms in the aggregate, but the results indicate thatRFIactually impedes small firms' access to finance. Furthermore, there is a significant positive influence of foreign bank involvement on the severity of the credit constraint for small enterprises, while we do not find such an influence for large enterprises. These results provide some support for the foreign bank barrier hypothesis in the context ofRFI.
Nursing Outcomes for Brazilian Pediatric Patients Hospitalized With Deficient Diversional Activity
Authors: de Abreu Almeida Miriam , da Silva Marcos Barragan , Panato Bruna Paulsen , de Oliveira Siqueira Ana Paula , Laurent Maria do Carmo Rocha 
Published: March 2013

PurposeTo validate the content of nursing outcomes for pediatric patients hospitalized with a nursing diagnosis of deficient diversional activity.MethodsThe nursing outcomes were evaluated by expert nurses from a Brazilian hospital; the nurses used a Likert‐type scale. We considered those that had a weighted average of ≥0.80 as valid outcomes.FindingsEight (57.14%) nursing outcomes and 54 (45.38%) indicators were validated.ConclusionsThe study suggests that nursing outcomes validated by the experts are pertinent for Brazilian pediatric patients hospitalized and diagnosed with deficient diversional activity.Implications for PracticeNursing Outcomes Classification is a viable alternative for the assessment of nursing care outcomes. Further studies should investigate the applicability of these data in clinical practice.ObjetivosValidar o conteúdo (Modelo de Fehring adaptado) dos Resultados de Enfermagem NOC para pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados com o diagnóstico de enfermagem Atividade de Recreação Deficiente.MétodosOs Resultados de Enfermagem foram avaliados por sete enfermeiros experts de um hospital brasileiro, utilizando‐se uma escala Likert, validando‐se aqueles que atingiram o escore de ≥0,80.ResultadosOito (57,14%) Resultados de Enfermagem e 54 (45,38%) indicadores foram validados.ConclusõesOs Resultados de Enfermagem validados foram considerados importantes pelos experts para pacientes pediátricos brasileiros hospitalizados com este diagnóstico.Implicações Para A PráticaA NOC consiste em alternativa para avaliar os resultados dos cuidados de enfermagem. Em continuidade ao estudo, será investigada a aplicabilidade destes dados na prática clínica.
Implications of Electronic Health Record Meaningful Use Legislation for Nursing Clinical Information System Development and Refinement
Authors: Scherb Cindy A. , Maas Meridean L. , Head Barbara J. , Johnson Marion R. , Kozel Marie , Reed David , Swanson Elizabeth , Moorhead Sue 
Published: March 2013

Purpose: To describe what electronic health record meaningful use requirements mean for nursing clinical information system (CIS) development.Conclusions: The nursing CIS in many, if not most hospitals, has a number of critical design inadequacies that constrain the meaningful use of nursing data to ensure quality outcomes for patients and data‐based maturing of the nursing profession.Implications: It is the responsibility and obligation of nurses to ensure that CISs are designed for the meaningful use of nursing clinical data. To accomplish these ends, interoperable clinical nursing data must be documented in a properly integrated operational CIS, and must be retrievable and stored in data repositories for analysis and reports.
The economic benefits of increased levels of nursing care in the hospital setting
Authors: Twigg Diane E. , Geelhoed Elizabeth A. , Bremner Alexandra P. , M. Duffield Christine 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo assess the economic impact of increased nursing hours of care on health outcomes in adult teaching hospitals in Perth, Western Australia.BackgroundAdvancing technology and increased availability of treatment interventions are increasing demand for health care while the downturn in world economies has increased demand for greater efficiency. Nurse managers must balance nurse staffing to optimize care and provide efficiencies.DesignThis longitudinal study involved the retrospective analysis of a cohort of multi‐day stay patients admitted to adult teaching hospitals.MethodsHospital morbidity and staffing data from September 2000 until June 2004, obtained in 2010 from a previous study, were used to analyse nursing‐sensitive outcomes pre‐ and post‐implementation of the Nurse Hours per Patient Day staffing method, which remains in place today. The cost of the intervention comprised increased nursing hours following implementation of the staffing method.ResultsThe number of nursing‐sensitive outcomes was 1357 less than expected post‐implementation and included 155 fewer ‘failure to rescue’ events. The 1202 other nursing‐sensitive outcomes prevented were ‘surgical wound infection’, ‘pulmonary failure’, ‘ulcer, gastritis’, ‘upper gastrointestinal bleed’, and ‘cardiac arrest’. One outcome, pneumonia, showed an increase of 493. Analysis of life years gained was based on the failure to rescue events prevented and the total life years gained was 1088. The cost per life year gained was AUD$8907.ConclusionThe implementation of the Nurse Hours per Patient Day staffing method was cost‐effective when compared with thresholds of interventions commonly accepted in Australia.
Derivation of Postharvest Fruit Behavior Reduced Order Models for Online Monitoring and Control of Quality Parameters During Refrigeration
Authors: Rivas Diana , Vilas Carlos , Alonso Antonio A. , Varas Fernando 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this paper, an efficient computational tool to predict the evolution of the key variables in the fruit refrigeration process is presented. This computational model is intended to be used in real time quality control.The tool is based on detailed mathematical models proposed in the literature which accounts for the main phenomena occurring during refrigeration. Since integration using standard numerical schemes leads to a computational cost unaffordable in real time environments, a reduced order model (ROM; able to combine a high accuracy with a low computational cost) is derived.In the derivation of this model, the role of the presence of quite disparate time scales is considered. In this respect, two alternative ROMs are considered: a general model (aiming at describing the evolution at arbitrary time scales) and a model assuming a strong coupling between the state variables (as expected in the long term behavior of the system).Practical ApplicationsThe modeling reduction methodology proposed in this work for the fruit refrigeration process, either during storage or transport, will enable the use of computer‐aided process engineering tools for reducing the computational load required to perform predictions. With such tools, optimal operation policies to maximize fruit quality, extend the storage time and/or minimize costs can be efficiently obtained. Also, in the event of unexpected disturbances, they will allow us to recompute in real time the operation policy, and in this way ensure a minimum quality lost.
GSK‐3α/β‐mediated phosphorylation of CRMP‐2 regulates activity‐dependent dendritic growth
Authors: Tan Minghui , Ma Shanshan , Huang Qiaoying , Hu Kunhua , Song Bin , Li Mingtao 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNeuronal activity shapes the dendritic arbour; however, most of the molecular players in this process remain to be identified. We observed that depolarization‐induced neuronal activity causes an increase in the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3)α/β on Ser21/9 in cerebellar granule neurons. Using several approaches, including gene knockdown and GSK‐3α/βS21A/S21A/S9A/S9A double knockin mice, we demonstrated that both GSK‐3β and GSK‐3α mediate activity‐dependent dendritic growth and that Ser21/9 phosphorylation of GSK‐3α/β plays an important role in this process. Collapsin response mediator protein‐2 (CRMP‐2), which is crucial for axon development, is phosphorylated at Thr514 and inactivated by GSK‐3. We found CRMP‐2 was located mainly in the dendrites of cerebellar granule neurons, in contrast to the axonal distribution in hippocampal neurons. Over‐expression of CRMP‐2 promoted and knockdown of CRMP‐2 impaired dendritic growth, suggesting that CRMP‐2 is necessary and sufficient for activity‐dependent dendritic development. Furthermore, silencing CRMP‐2 completely blocked the dendritic growth‐promoting effects of GSK‐3 knockdown, and expression of Thr514 nonphosphorylated form of CRMP‐2 counteracted the inhibitory effect of constitutively active GSK‐3. This data indicate that CRMP‐2 functions downstream of GSK‐3. Together, these findings identify a novel GSK‐3/CRMP‐2 pathway that connects neuronal activity to dendritic growth.
Benign Notochordal Lesions of the Posterior Clivus: Retrospective Review of Prevalence and Imaging Characteristics
Authors: Golden Louis D. , Small Juan E. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEDistinguishing BNCT from chordoma with imaging is critical because of the profound differences in prognosis and management. Yet few reports define the variable imaging characteristics of BNCT. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of BNCT.METHODSA total of 916 patients with 64‐section CT and 1.5T MR imaging through the posterior fossa between 2004 and 2009 were evaluated to catalogue the prevalence, clinical presentation, morphology, and imaging properties associated with BNCT.RESULTSBNCTs were identified in 7 patients (imaging prevalence of 0.76%). All were midline, T1 hypointense, and T2 hyperintense. When present, the bony stalk often associated with EP measured between 1.65 and 3.72 mm. Five cases demonstrated atypical features such as absence of bony stalk (one case), arterial enhancement (one case), clival erosion (four cases), clinical symptoms (one case), and mass effect (one case).CONCLUSIONMany notochordal lesions do not fit neatly into the diagnostic criteria for either EP or chordoma. It may be useful to consider these atypical cases along a spectrum of notochord remnant lesions. Close inspection of imaging reveals BNCTs at a similar frequency to its pathologic prevalence. BNCTs such as EP vary in size and may be easily overlooked.
Decrease of autophagy activity promotes malignant progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yawen , Wang Cheng , Tang Haikuo , Wang Miao , Weng Junquan , Liu Xiqiang , Zhang Rong , Huang Hongzhang , Hou Jinsong 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundAutophagy is a catabolic process involving the degradation of cells' own unnecessary, injured, or aged proteins and recycling of degraded products to maintain hemostasis. Recently, studies indicated that autophagy plays a crucial role in cancer development. However, the role of autophagy in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) has not been well documented. This study aims to assess the expression of autophagy‐related protein and investigate its effect on TSCC.Materials and methodsArchival 50 TSCC samples were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the expression of Beclin1 and LC3. Statistical analyses were carried out to assess the associations among clinicopathologic parameters. In vitro, cells were treated with rapamycin or 3‐MA. Then, qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the expression of Beclin1 and LC3. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to identify autophagsomes. For functional analysis, cell proliferation and cell cycle were evaluated with MTT assay and flow cytometer, respectively. At last, cell migration and invasion potentials were assessed by wound healing assay and transwell assay.ResultsWe confirmed that down‐regulation of Beclin1 and LC3 is a frequent event in TSCC. Then, we demonstrated that decreased expression of Beclin1 was associated with T stage, clinical stage and differentiation. Furthermore, we showed that activation of autophagy by rapamycin suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion while inhibition of autophagy by 3‐MA promoted proliferation, migration and invasion in TSCC cells.ConclusionTaken together, these data suggest that autophagy plays a pivotal role in the progression of TSCC.
AlfredSchutz andHerbertSimon: Can their Action Theories Work Together?
Authors: Castellani Marco 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper combinesAlfredShultz andHerbertSimon's theories of action in order to understand the grey area between dynamic and completely unstructured decision making better. As a resultIhave put together a specific scheme of how choice elements are represented from an agent's personal experience, so as to create a bridge between the phenomenological and cognitive‐procedural approaches of decision making.Ifirst look at the key points of their original models relatingAlfredSchutz's “provinces of meaning” andHerbertSimon's “satisficing” mechanism.Ithen consider the particular concept of intentionality and reasoning by analogy for different choice settings. FinallyIhave suggested a perspective based on creative behaviour and sense‐making for ill‐structured conditions.
Relationalism through Social Robotics
Authors: Jones Raya A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSocial robotics is a rapidly developing industry‐oriented area of research, intent on making robots in social roles commonplace in the near future. This has led to rising interest in the dynamics as well as ethics of human‐robot relationships, described here as a nascent relational turn. A contrast is drawn with the 1990s’ paradigm shift associated with relational‐self themes in social psychology. Constructions of the human‐robot relationship reproduce the “I‐You‐Me” dominant model of theorising about the self with biases that (as in social constructionism) consistently accentuate externalist or “interactionist” standpoints as opposed to internalist or “individualistic”. Perspectives classifiable as “ecological relationalism” may compensate for limitations of interactionist‐individualistic dimension. Implications for theorising subjectivity are considered.
Depletion study and estimation of the withdrawal period for enrofloxacin in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)
Authors: Paschoal J. A. R. , Quesada S. P. , Gonçalves L. U. , Cyrino J. E. P. , Reyes F. G. R. 
Published: March 2013

Defining the pharmacokinetic parameters and depletion intervals for antimicrobials used in fish will help in the development of important guidelines for future regulations by Brazilian agencies on the use of these substances in fish farming. This paper presents a depletion study for enrofloxacin (ENR) and its main metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIP), in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fillets. The depletion study was carried out under monitored environmental conditions, with the temperature controlled at 27 °C to mimic the fish farming conditions inBrazil.ENRwas administered orally via medicated feed for 10 consecutive days at daily dosages of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The fish were slaughtered at 6, 12, and 24 h and 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 17, and 24 days after the medication period. Considering a maximum residue limit of 100 μg/kg for the sum of theENRandCIPresidues in the fillet, the results obtained in the depletion study allowed the estimation of a half‐life forENRof 2.75 days and a withdrawal period of 23 days. The results obtained in this study are important for the farming of pacu in tropical regions.
Pericardial effusion after pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant
Authors: Aldoss Osamah , Gruenstein Daniel H. , Bass John L. , Steinberger Julia , Zhang Yan , DeFor Todd E. , Tolar Jakub , Verneris Michael R. , Orchard Paul J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPEcan occur followingHCT. However, the incidence, etiology, risk factors, and treatment remain unclear. We performed a retrospective study evaluating 355 pediatric recipients ofHCTtreated at a single institution between January 2005 and August 2010. No cases ofPEwere identified in the autologousHCT(auto‐HCT) recipients (0/43), while 19% (57/296) of allogeneicHCT(allo‐HCT) developedPE. Among the 57PEpatients, 40 (70%) were males; the median age at transplantation was 6.6 yr (0.1–17.3 yr). Thirty‐six patients (63%) had significantPEwith 23 patients (40%) treated by pericardiocentesis, and 19 (33%) experiencing recurrentPE.OSrates for patients who developedPEwere 84% at 100 days and 65% at three yr afterHCT. Risk factors associated withPEon multivariate analysis included myeloablative conditioning (p = 0.01), delayed neutrophil engraftment (p < 0.01), andCMV + serostatus of the recipient (p = 0.03). Recipients with non‐malignant diseases were significantly less likely to die after development ofPE(p = 0.02 and 0.004 when comparing with standard and high‐risk diseases, respectively). In summary,PEis a common and significant complication of pediatric allo‐HCT. Prospective studies are needed to better determine the etiology and optimal method ofPEtreatment afterHCT.
Successful autologous cord blood transplantation in a child with acquired severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Buchbinder David , Hsieh Loah , Puthenveetil Geetha , Soni Amit , Stites Jill , Huynh Van , Kirov Ivan , Neudorf Steve , Rubin Elyssa , Sender Leonard , Torno Lilibeth , Margolis David , Childs Richard , Moore Theodore , Nugent Diane 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOver 400 cases of pediatric SAA occur annually in the United States. A growing number of children with SAA may have had their stem cells harvested through cord blood collection. We describe a nine‐yr‐old male with SAA treated successfully with an autologous cord blood transplant following immunoablative chemotherapy. With the increasing number of people cryopreserving autologous cord blood, the use of autologous cord blood in the treatment of SAA might be considered as initial therapy. This case serves to discuss approaches to preparative therapy as well as the potential complications in this growing cohort of patients.
Behavior guidance techniques in Pediatric Dentistry: attitudes of parents of children with disabilities and without disabilities
Authors: de Castro Alessandra Maia , de Oliveira Fabiana Sodré , de Paiva Novaes Myrian Stella , Araújo Ferreira Danielly Cunha 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis study compared the parental acceptance of pediatric behavior guidance techniques (BGT). Forty parents of children without disabilities (Group A) and another 40 parents of children with disabilities (Group B) were selected. Each BGT was explained by a single examiner and it was presented together with a photograph album. After that parents evaluated the acceptance in: totally unacceptable, somewhat acceptable, acceptable, and totally acceptable. Results indicated that in Group A, the BGT based on communicative guidance was accepted by most participants. In Group B, just one mother considered totally unacceptable the voice control method and other two, tell‐show‐do. For both groups, the general anesthesia was the less accepted BGT. There was statistically significant difference in acceptance for protective stabilization with a restrictive device in Group B. Children's parents with and without disabilities accepted behavioral guidance techniques, but basic techniques showed higher rates of acceptance than advanced techniques.
Molecular and serological markers of Leishmania donovani infection in healthy individuals from endemic areas of Bihar, India
Authors: Srivastava Pankaj , Gidwani Kamlesh , Picado Albert , Van der Auwera Gert , Tiwary Puja , Ostyn Bart , Dujardin Jean‐Claude , Boelaert Marleen , Sundar Shyam 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectivesRecent epidemiological reports indicate that asymptomatic human infections with Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis or Kala‐azar (KA), occur frequently in India. We explored markers of infection.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 286 healthy subjects from 16 villages in the Muzaffarpur district of Bihar. These individuals were classified into three groups: (i) persons with no history of KA and living in a house where no KA cases were previously reported, (ii) persons with no history of KA but living in a house where KA cases were diagnosed at the time of sampling or in the past, and (iii) successfully treated KA patients. Each sample was tested using a Leishmania‐specific PCR to detect Leishmania DNA, and two serological tests to demonstrate anti‐Leishmania antibodies: the Direct Agglutination Test and rK39 ELISA.ResultsPCR positivity was similar among the three groups (20–25%). In contrast, among treated patients, the percentage of serologically positive individuals was roughly five times that of healthy individuals with no KA history, as measured with either test. Living in a house where KA had been reported did not affect seropositivity.ConclusionA significant proportion of asymptomatic infections of Leishmania exist in endemic regions. Using a combination of molecular and serological tests increases the capacity to detect infections at different stages. Further work is required to understand the kinetics of the markers.