bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Combined Use of Methylergonovine and Oxytocin during Caesarean Section in the Prevention of Post‐partum Haemorrhage
Authors: Şentürk Şenol , Kağıtçı Mehmet , Balık Gülşah , Arslan Halit , Kır Şahin Figen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe aimed to show to patients the benefit of post‐partum haemorrhage prophylaxis treatment and the effectiveness as a uterotonic agent of the combined use of methylergonovine and oxytocin infusion in the prevention of haemorrhage during and after Caesarean section, by comparison with a control group which received oxytocin infusion only. Two groups of patients undergoing Caesarean section at the same clinic were included in the study. A combination of methylergonovine and oxytocin was administered to the first group during the intra‐operative and post‐operative periods. The second group did not receive methylergonovine and was administered only with oxytocin infusion in the intra‐operative and post‐operative periods. Pre‐operative and post‐operative haemogram readings were taken for all patients in each of the groups for comparison. No difference was found between the two groups with regard to mean ages and pre‐operative haemogram values. The decrease in post‐operative haemoglobin values for the group administered with methylergonovine maleate and oxytocin was found to be significantly greater than for the group administered with oxytocin only. Results indicated that prophylactic methylergonovine treatment was clearly successful for the patients and no adverse side effects were found. The routine use of methylergonovine and oxytocin infusion in combination during the intra‐operative period of Caesarean section reduced the level of post‐partum haemorrhage considerably. We believe that this procedure will also reduce the risk of uterine atony, but clearly, prospective studies will be necessary in future to confirm this assumption.
Induced sputum supernatant bioactive lipid mediators can identify subtypes of asthma
Authors: Mastalerz L. , Celejewska‐Wójcik N. , Wójcik K. , Gielicz A. , Ćmiel A. , Ignacak M. , Oleś K. , Szczeklik A. , Sanak M. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundInduced sputum (IS) allows to measure mediators of asthmatic inflammation in bronchial secretions. The specific role of induced sputum supernatant (ISS) endogenous bioactive lipid mediators in subtypes of asthma is not well understood.ObjectiveTo investigate the interactions between airway inflammation and clinical phenotypes of asthma, we integrated induced sputum supernatant (ISS) eicosanoids and quantitative assessment of infiltrating cells into new subtypes with the means of latent class analysis (LCA).MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐nine asthmatics with and without aspirin hypersensitivity underwent sputum induction. High‐performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to profile eicosanoids. Nineteen variables covering clinical characteristics, IS inflammatory cells and eicosanoids were considered in the LCA.ResultsFour phenotypic asthma classes were distinguished. Class 1 with mild‐to‐moderate asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), high PGA2 in ISS and almost equal distribution of inflammation cell patterns. Class 3 subjects also had mild‐to‐moderate asthma but without upper airway symptoms. Induced sputum was often paucigranulocytic with low levels of lipid mediators. Classes 2 and 4 represented severe asthma with CRS and impaired lung function despite high doses of steroids. High blood and sputum eosinophilia was in line with high cysteinyl leukotrienes and PGD2 in ISS only in class 2. Class 4 subjects tended to have increased sputum neutrophilia and PGE2 in ISS. Aspirin hypersensitivity was most frequent among class 2 subjects.Conclusions & Clinical RelevanceThe LCA revealed four distinct asthma classes differing in eicosanoid pathways.
Watch Your Tone: Social Conditions Modulate Singing Strategies
Authors: Ronald Kelly L. , Skillman Tasha , Lin Andy , Li Qingling , Fernandez‐Juricic Esteban , Lucas Jeffrey R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBird song is typically depicted as a male singing a long‐distance signal to potentially unknown receivers to (1) deter males and (2) attract females. Nevertheless, many songbirds sing from close distances to a known receiver; males of these species may be under more intense selective pressure to modify their songs depending on the sex of the receiver in order to convey different motivational states (aggression versus courtship) to the different sexes. In a laboratory setting, we examined how receiver sex affected within‐song variation of the close‐range singing behavior in the brown‐headed cowbird (Molothrus ater). Although we know that cowbird song is influenced by flock composition, it is still unclear as to how the cowbird modifies his song based on social context. Using a cross‐correlation analysis of each male's different song types, we found that pairs of songs were significantly more dissimilar if they were directed to females compared with songs directed to males. We subsequently tested whether there were any consistent spectral or temporal patterns in the songs males gave to females versus to males. Our results lend support for the Motivational Structural Rules Hypothesis as songs directed toward males had higher entropy (i.e., harshness) than the same song type directed toward females. Our results suggest that cowbirds may have evolved the ability to alter multiple dimensions of their singing behavior based on receiver sex.
Attitudes of experiential education directors regarding tobacco sales in pharmacies in the USA
Authors: Rider Katherine , Kaya Hatice , Jha Vinayak , Hudmon Karen Suchanek 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Accreditation guidelines in the USA suggest that experiential sites for pharmacy students should demonstrate ‘a strong commitment to health promotion and illness prevention’; however, most community pharmacies sell tobacco products. This study aimed to determine the proportion of students rotating through advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) sites where tobacco is sold and experiential education directors' perception regarding the sales of tobacco in APPE sites.

Methods
A brief survey was distributed by mail to experiential education directors at US pharmacy schools. The survey characterized the proportion of students who rotate at practice sites where tobacco is sold, directors' perceptions of tobacco sales in experiential sites, and the number of hours of tobacco education in their pharmacy curricula.

Key findings
Directors (n = 81; 63%) estimated that 69% of students rotate through sites where tobacco is sold. If given the opportunity to choose between two potential sites, where one sells tobacco and the other does not, 40% of directors would be unlikely to choose a site that sold tobacco.

Conclusions
With respect to tobacco sales, pharmacy schools are largely noncompliant with guidelines and resolutions of professional organizations.
Testing Social Preferences for an Economic “Bad”: An Artefactual Field Experiment*
Authors: Keisner Deborah Kerley , Messer Kent D. , Schulze William D. , Zarghamee Homa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe test for social preferences over a commodity in an artefactual field experiment using the random price voting mechanism. Subjects are university staff members, and the commodity is water “contaminated” by a sterilized cockroach. Our results suggest that social preferences exist with respect to commodities and “bads”, supporting a more general utility framework for social preferences. Our empirical test allows for the coexistence of three social‐preference models; our results support the models of Fehr and Schmidt (1999) and Charness and Rabin (2002), but not the model of Bolton and Ockenfels (2000). Also, we find that incorporating social preferences improves the efficiency of majority‐rules voting.
Every light has its shadow: a longitudinal study of transformational leadership and leaders’ emotional exhaustion
Authors: Zwingmann Ina , Wolf Sandra , Richter Peter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of transformational and laissez‐faire leadership on leaders’ own emotional exhaustion over time. Participants were 2,324 subordinates and 76 supervisors of a services company in Germany. Regression analysis revealed direct longitudinal health‐hampering effects of transformational and laissez‐faire leadership on leaders’ emotional exhaustion. Building on Hobfoll's Conservation of Resources theory (1989), our results showed that the longitudinal health‐hampering effects of transformational leadership would be particularly pronounced for leaders with high levels of organization‐based self‐esteem. Our findings extend the research on potential dark sides of transformational and laissez‐faire leadership as well as organization‐based self‐esteem by focusing on leader‐centered outcomes.
Is Africa Really Following Europe? An Integrated Framework for Comparative Regionalism
Authors: Fioramonti Lorenzo , Mattheis Frank 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSince the establishment of the AU (African Union) in 2002, there have been indications that Africa may be following in Europe's footsteps in the process of regional integration. But is this really so? This article argues that, while there is an increasing focus on comparative regionalism in scholarly debates, we have not yet developed frameworks for empirical comparative research in this field. This often leads analysts to draw general conclusions from cases of institutional isomorphism, thus neglecting other critical dimensions. By applying an integrated framework, which takes into account the multi‐dimensional aspects of old and new regionalisms, this article shows that the most critical features of the European regionalization process, from the gradual stepwise approach towards shared sovereignty to the focus on trade integration and social cohesion, are largely absent from Africa's regionalism, which presents unique characters that are often overshadowed by traditional analyses.
Rural and Urban Differences in Adolescent Alcohol Use, Alcohol Supply, and Parental Drinking
Authors: Chan Gary C. K. , Leung Janni , Quinn Catherine , Kelly Adrian B. , Connor Jason P. , Weier Megan , Hall Wayne D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurposeAlcohol use is more prevalent in rural than urban areas in adult populations. Few studies have focused on adolescent drinking. This study investigated if adolescents in regional and rural areas of Australia were more likely to drink alcohol and if there were differences in parental drinking and alcohol supply across regions.MethodsA subsample from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2013, the largest nationally representative household survey on drug use in Australia, was used for this study. Participants who were aged 12‐17 (N = 1,159) and participants who indicated they were parents or guardians of a dependent child (N = 7,059) were included in the analyses. Key measures were adolescent and parental alcohol use, parental supply of alcohol, and drinking location.FindingsCompared to those living in major cities, adolescents from inner regional and rural areas were at 85% and 121% higher odds, respectively, of obtaining their first alcohol from parents, and at 131% and 287% higher odds of currently obtaining their alcohol from their parents. Those from rural areas were at 126% higher odds of drinking in the past 12 months. Parents from inner regional and rural areas were at 45% and 63% higher odds, respectively, of heavy drinking; at 27% and 52% higher odds of weekly drinking; and at 26% and 37% higher odds of drinking at home.ConclusionsAdolescents from rural areas were at higher risk of alcohol use. Parents in rural areas were more likely to use alcohol in ways that encourage adolescent drinking.
Molecular diagnostics in the differential diagnosis of glandular odontogenic cyst and mucoepidermoid carcinoma – case reports
Authors: Barrett A.W. , Abdullakutty A. , Norris P.M. , Coombes D.M. , Shelley M.J. , Bisase B.S. , Vanecek T. , Skálová A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGlandular odontogenic cyst (sialo‐odontogenic cyst) (GOC) is an uncommon developmental odontogenic cyst. Its clinical significance lies in its tendency to recur, and histopathological features which mimic those of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MC). Molecular methods such as fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) have the potential to identify genetic abnormalities that are specific to MC and thus avoid this diagnostic pitfall. This report describes three cystic lesions of the jaws with a differential diagnosis of GOC and MC. One occurred in the mandibular premolar area of a 49‐year‐old woman and was diagnosed as GOC. The second developed in the maxilla of a man aged 39 in association with an impacted second premolar tooth. This was initially diagnosed as dentigerous cyst, but after recurrence 6 years later, the diagnosis was revised to GOC. The third occurred in the left retromolar area of a 30‐year‐old woman 5 years after the extraction of the left mandibular third molar; a diagnosis of GOC was favoured after two incisional biopsies, but a third showed unequivocal, invasive MC which had infiltrated nerves and bone. Morphologically, the only distinguishing feature was the so‐called epithelial sphere, whorl or plaque‐like thickening, which was identified in both GOC but not in the MC. FISH confirmed the above diagnoses by demonstrating a MAML2 rearrangement in the MC, but in neither of the GOC. While histopathology may reliably distinguish between GOC and MC, the presence of the specific MAML2 rearrangement in the latter clinches the diagnosis.
CULTURAL CHANGE AND POLICY IMAGES IN POLICY SUBSYSTEMS
Authors: ROBINSON ROBERT R. 
Published: October 2015

Baumgartner and Jones' theory of conflict expansion highlights the importance of policy imagery in the maintenance of policy subsystems, as a sharp increase in negative imagery can drive conflict expansion and subsystem dissolution. However, we still know relatively little about what drives rapid shifts in image valence. In this study, I examine how cultural change affects receptiveness to policy images, drawing on the cultural theory (CT) developed by Douglas and Wildavsky. Affecting both perception and risk assessment, cultural commitments impact how policy images are received. Returning to the policy subsystem anchored in the Atomic Energy Commission, I find that its imagery – well suited for an earlier cultural milieu – created negative associations for egalitarians, who were increasingly prevalent during this time frame. As my study shows, CT can add to the study of administration by helping us better understand, categorize, and predict which images and institutions may be endangered by specific cultural changes.
Electricity Production in a Hydro System with a Reservoir Constraint*
Authors: Mathiesen Lars , Skaar Jostein , Sørgard Lars 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, our purpose is to analyze how market power might affect the allocation of production between seasons (summer and winter) in a hydropower system with reservoir constraints and inflow uncertainty. We find that, even without market power, the price in the summer season might be lower than the expected price in the winter season. In some situations, market power can lead to higher sales and a lower price in summer than would be observed in the competitive outcome; in other situations, it can lead to the opposite result. Furthermore, market power can lead to a smaller price difference between summer and winter.
Net Wage Illusion in a Real‐Effort Experiment*
Authors: Fochmann Martin , Weimann Joachim , Blaufus Kay , Hundsdoerfer Jochen , Kiesewetter Dirk 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn a controlled laboratory experiment, subjects had to fold letters in order to earn money. While the net income per letter was the same in the three treatments, the gross income varied and the tax rate was 0, 25, and 50 percent. Although work incentives should be the same in all treatments, subjects worked harder and longer when they were taxed. We conclude that this is because of a net wage illusion effect. The existence of this effect demonstrates that not only are the tax rate and the tax base of importance for work incentives, but the perception of a tax is also important.
The Rise and Fall of Centralized Wage Bargaining
Authors: Ortigueira Salvador 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDuring the three decades spanning the early 1950s to the early 1980s, the wage‐setting process in most Northern European countries was dominated by centralized bargaining (i.e., peak‐level labor and employer associations set wages nationwide). In the early 1980s, centralized wage bargaining began to collapse. In this paper, we assess a novel explanation for both the initial establishment of a centralized wage‐setting process, and its subsequent collapse. According to our theory, centralized wage bargaining was set up as a response to the spillovers created by the unemployment benefit program. Its collapse was the result of the increase in the productivity gap across workers, brought about by equipment‐specific technological progress and equipment–skill complementarity.
How Much Did Oil Market Developments Contribute to the 2009 Recession in Germany?
Authors: Carstensen Kai , Elstner Steffen , Paula Georg 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we use a structural vector autoregressive model to study the effects of oil market developments on the German economy. We find that higher oil prices are always associated with a decline in private consumption expenditures, but the response of gross domestic product (GDP) crucially depends on the underlying shock. While a disruption in oil supply provokes a recession, positive world demand shocks prompt a temporary increase in exports and investment, which initially outweigh the cutback on consumption. In a counterfactual analysis, we show that the world demand shocks that led to the 2007/2008 oil price rise triggered a delayed 0.8 percent decrease in German GDP in 2009, and therefore notably contributed to the recession of that year.
How Much Does Annuity Demand React to a Large Price Change?
Authors: Bütler Monika , Staubli Stefan , Zito Maria Grazia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we present new evidence for the effect of changes in annuity prices on the decision to annuitize. We exploit an unprecedented change in policy in several Swiss occupational pension plans. There is an implied 8 percent reduction in the rate at which retirement capital is translated into an annuity, and this represents a net present value loss of CHF 18,500 (around US$ 20,000). To estimate the impact of this change, we use data from companies that changed their prices and from one large company that did not. We find that the price change reduces the propensity to annuitize among affected individuals by 16.8 percentage points.
Vertical Control and Price Cycles in Gasoline Retailing
Authors: Foros Øystein , Steen Frode 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe examine Norwegian gasoline pump prices using daily station‐specific observations from 2003 to 2006. The four big gasoline companies use a vertical restraint that is adopted industry‐wide (labeled price support). This moves price control from the hands of independent retailers into the hands of the headquarters. Retail gasoline prices follow a fixed weekly pattern, where we observe de facto simultaneous decision‐making by the headquarters (without knowledge of their rivals’ prices) when every Monday around noon they decide to increase pump prices to the same level. The price level on Mondays corresponds to the recommended prices published by the headquarters of the gasoline companies.
Absenteeism, Efficiency Wages, and Marginal Taxes
Authors: Dale‐Olsen Harald 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, I test the argument that increased taxes on earnings correspond to increased incentives to shirk, thus causing an increase in the rate of worker absenteeism. After fixed job effects are taken into account, panel register data on prime‐age Norwegian males who work full‐time show that a higher marginal net‐of‐earnings‐tax rate reduces the rate of absenteeism. When the net‐of‐tax rate is increased by 1.0 percent, absenteeism decreases by 0.3−0.5 percent. Injury‐related absences are less affected by tax changes than other absences. Absenteeism becomes more sensitive to tax changes as the occupational unemployment rate increases.
Social Behaviour in Work Absence*
Authors: Hesselius Patrik , Johansson Per , Vikström Johan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBy making use of a large‐scale randomized experiment, we test whether social behaviour is important for work absence due to illness. The individuals treated in the experiment were exposed to less monitoring of their eligibility to collect sickness insurance benefits, which sharply increased their non‐monitored work absence. This exogenous variation is exploited in two complementary analyses. In both analyses, we find significant social‐behaviour effects. Using detailed data, we conclude that the social‐behaviour effects most likely stem from fairness concerns.
Capital Controls, Global Liquidity Traps, and the International Policy Trilemma*
Authors: Devereux Michael B. , Yetman James 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe zero bound on interest rates introduces a new dimension to the trilemma in international policy. The openness of the international financial market might render monetary policy ineffective, even within a system of fully flexible exchange rates, because shocks that lead to a liquidity trap in one country are propagated through financial markets to other countries. However, the effectiveness of monetary policy can be restored by the imposition of capital controls. We derive the optimal response of monetary policy to a global liquidity trap in the presence of capital controls. We show that, even though capital controls might facilitate effective monetary policy, capital controls are not generally desirable in terms of welfare.
Monitoring Job Offer Decisions, Punishments, Exit to Work, and Job Quality
Authors: van den Berg Gerard J. , Vikström Johan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUnemployment insurance systems include the monitoring of unemployed workers and punitive sanctions if job search requirements are violated. We analyze the causal effect of sanctions on the ensuing job quality, notably on wages and occupational level. We use Swedish data and estimate duration models dealing with selection on unobservables. We also develop a theoretical job search model that monitors job offer rejection versus job search effort. The empirical results show that, after a sanction, the wage rate is lower and individuals move more often to a part‐time job and a lower occupational level, incurring human capital losses.
Property Rights, Public Enforcement, and Growth
Authors: Irmen Andreas , Kuehnel Johanna 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe study the link between public enforcement of property rights, innovation investments, and economic growth in an endogenous growth framework with an expanding set of product varieties. We find that a government can assure positive equilibrium growth through public employment in the enforcement of property rights, if the economic environment is sufficiently favorable to growth and/or if public enforcement is sufficiently effective. However, in terms of welfare, an equilibrium path without property‐rights protection and growth might be preferable. In this case, the enforcement of property rights involves too much reallocation of labor from production and research towards the public sector.