bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography and evolutionary history of hepatitis B virus genotype F in Brazil
Authors: Mello Francisco CA , Araujo Oscar C , Lago Barbara V , Motta-Castro Ana Rita C , Moraes Marcia Terezinha B , Gomes Selma A , Bello Gonzalo , Araujo Natalia M 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype F (HBV/F) is considered to be indigenous to the Americas, but its emergence and spread in the continent remain unknown. Previously, only two HBV/F complete genome sequences from Brazil were available, limiting the contribution of Brazilian isolates to the phylogenetic studies of HBV/F. The present study was carried out to assess the proportion and geographic distributions of HBV/F subgenotypes in Brazil, to determine the full-length genomic sequences of HBV/F isolates from different Brazilian geographic regions, and to investigate the detailed evolutionary history and phylogeography of HBV/F in Brazil.

Methods
Complete HBV/F genomes isolated from 12 Brazilian patients, representing the HBV/F subgenotypes circulating in Brazil, were sequenced and analyzed together with sequences retrieved from GenBank, using the Bayesian coalescent and phylogeographic framework.

Results
Phylogenetic analysis using all Brazilian HBV/F S-gene sequences available in GenBank showed that HBV/F2a is found at higher frequencies countrywide and corresponds to all sequences isolated in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. In addition, the evolutionary analysis using complete genome sequences estimated an older median ancestral age for the Brazilian HBV/F2a compared to the Brazilian HBV/F1b and HBV/F4 subgenotypes, suggesting that HBV/F2a represents the original native HBV of Brazil. The phylogeographic patterns suggested a north-to-south flow of HBV/F2a from Venezuela to Brazil, whereas HBV/F1b and HBV/F4 strains appeared to have spread from Argentina to Brazil.

Conclusions
This study suggests a plausible route of introduction of HBV/F subgenotypes in Brazil and demonstrates the usefulness of recently developed computational tools for investigating the evolutionary history of HBV.
Characterization of recombinant human and bovine thyroid-stimulating hormone preparations by mass spectrometry and determination of their endotoxin content
Authors: Schaefer Sandra , Hassa Paul O , Sieber-Ruckstuhl Nadja S , Piechotta Marion , Reusch Claudia E , Roschitzki Bernd , Boretti Felicitas S 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe TSH stimulation test to confirm canine hypothyroidism is commonly performed using a recombinant human TSH (rhTSH), as up to date, canine TSH is not yet commercially available. Limiting factors for the use of rhTSH are its high costs and occasional difficulties in product availability. Less expensive bovine TSH preparations (bTSH) purified from bovine pituitary glands are readily commercially available. The aim of this study was to evaluate two different bTSH products as alternative to rhTSH using mass spectrometry.ResultsMore than 50 proteins, including other pituitary hormones, bovine albumin, hemoglobin, and tissue proteins were identified in the bTSH preparations. In contrast, rhTSH proved to be a highly pure product. Significantly higher endotoxin levels could be detected in all bTSH products compared to the rhTSH.ConclusionsBoth bTSH products are crude mixtures and therefore not an acceptable alternative to rhTSH. Their use should be discouraged to prevent unintended side effects.
Reaction of 2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide (Gibbs reagent) with permethrin – an optical sensor for rapid detection of permethrin in treated wood
Authors: Arip Mohamad Nasir Mat , Heng Lee Yook , Ahmad Musa , Hasbullah Siti Aishah 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
A novel optical sensor for the rapid and direct determination of permethrin preservatives in treated wood was designed. The optical sensor was fabricated from the immobilisation of 2,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone-4-chloroimide (Gibbs reagent) in nafion/sol–gel hybrid film and the mode of detection was based on absorption spectrophotometry. Physical entrapment was employed as a method of immobilisation.

Results
The sensor gave a linear response range of permethrin between 2.56–383.00 μM with detection limit of 2.5 μM and demonstrated good repeatability with relative standard deviation (RSD) for 10 μM at 5.3%, 100 μM at 2.7%, and 200 μM at 1.8%. The response time of the sensor was 40 s with an optimum response at pH 11.

Conclusions
The sensor was useful for rapid screening of wood or treated wood products before detailed analysis using tedious procedure is performed. The validation study of the optical sensor against standard method HPLC successfully showed that the permethrin sensor tended to overestimate the permethrin concentration determined.
Effect of continuous compression and 30:2 cardiopulmonary resuscitation on cerebral microcirculation in a porcine model of cardiac arrest
Authors: Yang Lin , Wang Shuo , Li Chun-Sheng 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
The effect of rescue breathing on neurologic prognosis after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is controversial. Therefore, we investigated the cerebral microcirculatory and oxygen metabolism during continuous compression (CC) and 30:2 CPR (VC) in a porcine model of cardiac arrest to determine which is better for neurologic prognosis after CPR.

Methods
After 4 min of ventricular fibrillation, 20 pigs were randomised into two groups (n=10/group) receiving CC-CPR or VC-CPR. Cerebral oxygen metabolism and blood flow were measured continuously using laser Doppler flowmetry. Haemodynamic data were recorded at baseline and 5 min, 30 min, 2 h and 4 h after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Results
Compared with the VC group, the mean cortical cerebral blood flow was significantly higher at 5 min ROSC in the CC group (P<0.05), but the difference disappeared after that time point. Brain percutaneous oxygen partial pressures were higher, and brain percutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressures were lower, in the VC group from 30 min to 4 h after ROSC; significant differences were found between the two groups (P<0.05). However, no significant difference of the cerebral oxygen extraction fraction existed between the two groups.

Conclusions
Inconsistency of systemic circulation and cerebral microcirculation with regard to blood perfusion and oxygen metabolism is common after CPR. No significant differences in cortical blood flow and oxygen metabolism were found between the CC-CPR and VC-CPR groups after ROSC.
Metastatic MTLn3 and non-metastatic MTC adenocarcinoma cells can be differentiated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Novotny Matthew J. , Bridge Dacie R. , Martin Karen H. , Weed Scott A. , Wysolmerski Robert B. , Olson Joan C. 
Published: July 2013

Summary
Cancer patients are known to be highly susceptible to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infection, but it remains unknown whether alterations at the tumor cell level can contribute to infection. This study explored how cellular changes associated with tumor metastasis influence Pa infection using highly metastatic MTLn3 cells and non-metastatic MTC cells as cell culture models. MTLn3 cells were found to be more sensitive to Pa infection than MTC cells based on increased translocation of the type III secretion effector, ExoS, into MTLn3 cells. Subsequent studies found that higher levels of ExoS translocation into MTLn3 cells related to Pa entry and secretion of ExoS within MTLn3 cells, rather than conventional ExoS translocation by external Pa. ExoS includes both Rho GTPase activating protein (GAP) and ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) enzyme activities, and differences in MTLn3 and MTC cell responsiveness to ExoS were found to relate to the targeting of ExoS-GAP activity to Rho GTPases. MTLn3 cell migration is mediated by RhoA activation at the leading edge, and inhibition of RhoA activity decreased ExoS translocation into MTLn3 cells to levels similar to those of MTC cells. The ability of Pa to be internalized and transfer ExoS more efficiently in association with Rho activation during tumor metastasis confirms that alterations in cell migration that occur in conjunction with tumor metastasis contribute to Pa infection in cancer patients. This study also raises the possibility that Pa might serve as a biological tool for dissecting or detecting cellular alterations associated with tumor metastasis.
Boronic Acid-containing Ionic Liquid: Synthesis, Thermal Properties, and Conductivity
Authors: Yoshizawa-Fujita Masahiro , Kinoshita Tomoko , Ono Yuta , Takeoka Yuko , Rikukawa Masahiro 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
A new ionic liquid was prepared by introducing a boronic acid group to an imidazolium cation with a hydrophobic anion. The boronic acid-containing ionic liquid showed the best ionic conductivity of 6.5 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 50 °C, with a high lithium ion transference number of over 0.5, owing to the anion-trapping effect of the boronic acid group.
News values, cultural proximity and cross-cultural media framing: How western and Muslim media covered Darfur
Authors: Galander Mahmoud M. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article is an academic investigation of the burgeoning trend of cross-cultural transfer of images within the current global communication scene, in which a dominant technology is transcending political borders and geographical barriers, and threatening to create a global audience with a unified public opinion. News values, sensationalism and cross-cultural framing of news are three constructs pertinent to the investigation of the Darfur coverage in the international and Muslim media.
The article compares western media coverage and frames of the Darfur crisis with the coverage and frames present in two newspapers from the Muslim world. It tests the hypothesis that, in the absence of Islamic proximity as a news value, sensationalism-driven western news sources continue to dominate the news scene and, as a result, pass the negative characterization of Islam and Muslims to the Muslim world through a process of cross-cultural framing.
Decoding the Darfur conflict: Media framing of a complex humanitarian crisis
Authors: Taha Mustafa 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This study uses frame analysis to examine how the New York Times framed the conflict in the Sudanese region of Darfur. A qualitative content analysis of the New York Times editorials (52 editorials) between 2003 and 2008 reveals a simplistic and reductionist framing of the conflict. Most of the New York Times’ depictions framed the conflict as an ethnic strife between ‘Arab’ invaders and ‘African’ victims. The New York Times blamed ‘the Arab-dominated’ Sudanese government for backing the Janjaweed (local Arab militia), called for more sanctions against the Sudanese government and demanded the bringing of war criminals to the International Criminal Court (ICC). To its credit, the New York Times highlighted vital humanitarian aspects of the conflict, yet failed to recognize its local intricacies and root causes. The author argues that the only viable solution to the conflict in Darfur will be a fair and equitable negotiated peace settlement between the Sudanese parties to the conflict.
Solidarity – rasa/autobiography – abhinaya: South Asian tactics for performing queerness
Authors: Chatterjee Sandra , Lee Cynthia Ling 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article examines the work of D’Lo, a Sri Lankan-transgender-hip hop performance artist, and the Post Natyam Collective, a transnational coalition that develops critical and creative approaches to South Asian dance. The works utilize two strategies for performing queerness in relation to South Asian cultural practices: (1) autobiographic performance art rooted in identity politics and (2) the South Asian technique of abhinaya. These strategies use different modes of identification and audience–performer relationships. Autobiographical solo performance creates solidarity through shared identity or alliances between performer and audience. Abhinaya evokes pleasure and sensuality in multiple, ambiguous ways towards the goal of evoking rasa, ideally the audience’s experience of emotional–spiritual transcendence. We investigate tactical crossovers between the strategies of autobiography and abhinaya in D’Lo’s and Post Natyam’s work: how do they interact, where might they exclude each other, and what kind of performance of queerness emerges through their interplay?
Dancing Krishna in the suburbs: Kinaesthetics in the South Asian American diaspora
Authors: Devarajan Arthi 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article explores kinaesthesia as a central aspect of religious pedagogy in a transnational Hindu community, through ethnographic observation of American practitioners of Bharatanatyam (classical Indian dance).1 The Natyanjali School of Dance (Andover, Massachusetts, United States) is a small, multigenerational community, comprised of dance teacher Jeyanthi Ghatraju, a group of South Indian first-generation immigrant IT professionals, and their American-born children. Through Bharatanatyam, pedagogical practices of physical training, repetition and constructions of body comportment, students learn South Asian languages, culture and Hindu religious narratives. Additionally, they absorb practices of social organization and moral knowledge through interactions with their teacher, elders and peers. Although studies of kinaesthesia attend to the physical body and its faculties of movement, sense, socialization and cognitive knowledge, the processes by which kinaesthetics inform the construction of religious experience, value, belief and identity remain relatively unexplored. This article examines the construction of Hindu and Indian identity, personal religiosity and morality, through the kinaesthetic pedagogies of basic step (adavu) repetition, the embodied and discursive pedagogies of dramatic gestural narration of sacred stories (natya), and the interpretive and devotional conjuring of expression (abhinaya) inherent in Bharatanatyam.
Imagining O encountering India: Recounting an embodied experience
Authors: Mitchell Roanna , Pakula Pablo 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In February 2012, Richard Schechner’s performance-installation Imagining O travelled from its original place of creation in Canterbury (UK) to the International Theatre Festival of Kerala in Thrissur (India). Imagining O is an immersive and participatory experience that brings together voices of Shakespeare’s women and Pauline Reage’s classic French erotic novel The Story of O. This performance report explores the encounter of a primarily European company with the bodies/gazes of an Indian audience, and their role as spectators in shaping the living organism of the performance. Taking a dialogic structure, it exists in the space between two authors’ voices and experiences — Roanna Mitchell as movement director, Dr Pablo Pakula as performer – mirroring the production’s decentred nature and its refusal of an objective standpoint.
Performing agency: Body learning, Forum theatre and interactivity as democratic strategy
Authors: Yarrow Ralph 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article looks at how applications of Forum theatre process and related approaches in India may operate in terms of activation of particular modes of learning centred in the body. It discusses the body: as context (individual and collective, embedded in social, political, physical and emotional practices); with reference to process (activation, multiplication of kinds of knowing through theatre work); as extended beyond everyday operation and beyond the individual/egoic towards collective experience and action, including co-creativity and ‘rational collective action’. The article explores the operation of forms of embodied learning in Forum practice, with particular reference to the work of Jana Sanskriti, in India.
The evolution of the local role(s) of the university in a low-tech region
Authors: Ortega-Colomer Francisco Javier 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The present case study addresses the case of a geographical area neglected by most of the literature about the changing role of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs): the low-tech contexts. This literature has traditionally exhibited two primary aspects. First, a focus on success stories such as entrepreneurial universities located in high-tech regions (e.g. Silicon Valley). Second, it reveals an inclination towards an evolution from ivory towers to entrepreneurial universities. The article argues that this oversimplification does not apply exactly to some environments where the HEIs have maintained links with industry since their inception. The purpose is to demonstrate HEIs’ relevance in low-tech contexts with a pre-eminence of small and medium enterprises by taking a historical and qualitative perspective.
Supercuspidal part of the mod l cohomology of
GU(1,n - 1)-Shimura varieties
Authors: Shin Sug Woo 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Let l be a prime. In this paper we are concerned with GU(1,n - 1)-type Shimura varieties with arbitrary level structure at l and investigate the part of the cohomology on which G(ℚ
p
) acts through mod l supercuspidal representations, where
p ≠ l is any prime such that G(ℚ
p
) is a general linear group.
The main theorem establishes the mod l analogue of the local-global compatibility. Our theorem also encodes a global
mod l Jacquet–Langlands correspondence in that the cohomology is described in terms of
mod l automorphic forms on some compact inner form of G.
Correlation Between Mutation Rate and Genome Size in Riboviruses: Mutation Rate of Bacteriophage Qβ
Authors: Bradwell Katie , Combe Marine , Domingo-Calap Pilar , Sanjuán Rafael 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Genome sizes and mutation rates covary across all domains of life. In unicellular organisms and DNA viruses, they show an inverse relationship known as Drake’s rule. However, it is still unclear whether a similar relationship exists between genome sizes and mutation rates in RNA genomes. Coronaviruses, the RNA viruses with the largest genomes (∼30 kb), encode a proofreading 3′ exonuclease that allows them to increase replication fidelity. However, it is unknown whether, conversely, the RNA viruses with the smallest genomes tend to show particularly high mutation rates. To test this, we measured the mutation rate of bacteriophage Qβ, a 4.2-kb levivirus. Amber reversion-based Luria–Delbrück fluctuation tests combined with mutant sequencing gave an estimate of 1.4 × 10−4 substitutions per nucleotide per round of copying, the highest mutation rate reported for any virus using this method. This estimate was confirmed using a direct plaque sequencing approach and after reanalysis of previously published estimates for this phage. Comparison with other riboviruses (all RNA viruses except retroviruses) provided statistical support for a negative correlation between mutation rates and genome sizes. We suggest that the mutation rates of RNA viruses might be optimized for maximal adaptability and that the value of this optimum may in turn depend inversely on genome size.
Estimating Overweight Risk in Childhood From Predictors During Infancy
Authors: Weng Stephen F. , Redsell Sarah A. , Nathan Dilip , Swift Judy A. , Yang Min , Glazebrook Cris 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to develop and validate a risk score algorithm for childhood overweight based on a prediction model in infants.METHODS:Analysis was conducted by using the UK Millennium Cohort Study. The cohort was divided randomly by using 80% of the sample for derivation of the risk algorithm and 20% of the sample for validation. Stepwise logistic regression determined a prediction model for childhood overweight at 3 years defined by the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Predictive metrics R2, area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.RESULTS:Seven predictors were found to be significantly associated with overweight at 3 years in a mutually adjusted predictor model: gender, birth weight, weight gain, maternal prepregnancy BMI, paternal BMI, maternal smoking in pregnancy, and breastfeeding status. Risk scores ranged from 0 to 59 corresponding to a predicted risk from 4.1% to 73.8%. The model revealed moderately good predictive ability in both the derivation cohort (R2 = 0.92, AUROC = 0.721, sensitivity = 0.699, specificity = 0.679, PPV = 38%, NPV = 87%) and validation cohort (R2 = 0.84, AUROC = 0.755, sensitivity = 0.769, specificity = 0.665, PPV = 37%, NPV = 89%).CONCLUSIONS:Using a prediction algorithm to identify at-risk infants could reduce levels of child overweight and obesity by enabling health professionals to target prevention more effectively. Further research needs to evaluate the clinical validity, feasibility, and acceptability of communicating this risk.
Harsh Physical Punishment in Childhood and Adult Physical Health
Authors: Afifi Tracie O. , Mota Natalie , MacMillan Harriet L. , Sareen Jitender 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND:
The use of physical punishment is controversial. No studies have comprehensively examined the relationship between physical punishment and several physical health conditions in a nationally representative sample. The current study investigated possible associations between harsh physical punishment (ie, pushing, grabbing, shoving, slapping, and hitting) in the absence of more severe child maltreatment (ie, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, and exposure to intimate partner violence) and several physical health conditions.

METHODS:
Data were from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions collected in 2004 and 2005 (n = 34 226 in the current analysis). The survey was conducted with a representative US adult population sample (20 years or older). Eight past year physical health condition categories were assessed. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic variables, family history of dysfunction, and Axis I and II mental disorders.

RESULTS:
Harsh physical punishment was associated with higher odds of cardiovascular disease (borderline significance), arthritis, and obesity after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, family history of dysfunction, and Axis I and II mental disorders (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.20 to 1.30).

CONCLUSIONS:
Harsh physical punishment in the absence of child maltreatment is associated with some physical health conditions in a general population sample. These findings inform the ongoing debate around the use of physical punishment and provide evidence that harsh physical punishment independent of child maltreatment is associated with a higher likelihood of physical health conditions.