bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding Meaning During the Retirement Process
Authors: Wang Lan , Hall Douglas T. , Waters Lea 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This chapter discusses “identity-based retirement,” a psychosocial process of identity transition and search for meaning. We see the career as a series of short learning cycles, mini versions of the lifelong career stage model of Super (1957). Retirement is a recursive process of intentions, actions, and outcomes, through which new behaviors generalize to involvement in new roles, and new subidentities associated with retirement (Hall, 1971, 2002). This process entails communicating internally with the self and externally with significant others. Factors in the individual (self-comparisons and protean career orientation) and relational factors (developmental networks and reference groups) influence the identity and goal-setting process, making the person both the agent and the target of the change process that is retirement. Thus the necessity to be self-anchored during retirement gives people the opportunity to find personal meaning in ways that step outside of their previous working lives.
Undergraduate Development of Coursework in Musicology
Authors: Granade S. Andrew 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In 1960, W.W. Norton published Donald J. Grout’s first edition of A History of Western Music. It proved to be an epochal book, not only in sales but in influence over the field of musicology pedagogy as well as, since that time, it (and its subsequent revisions) has come to define what US undergraduate music students learn. In the 1990s, however, musicology pedagogy entered an evolutionary period as trends in higher education and American society buffeted its coursework. The result has been five areas of intense concentration and change that have defined musicological coursework since that time: canons and content, engagement, technology, information literacy, and contexts. This essay explores how those five areas have shifted the experience of music history for undergraduate music students as well as how pedagogues have responded to them in innovative ways.
49 Mathoura Road
Authors: Edwards Matthew L. , Waisel David B. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
From 1930 to 1955, Geoffrey Kaye, M.B.B.S., was one of the most influential anesthetists in Australia. In 1951, he opened a center of excellence for Australian anesthesia at 49 Mathoura Road, Toorak, Melbourne, which Kaye affectionately called “The Anaesthestists’ Castle” and “49.” “49” was designed to foster the educational, research, and administrative activities that would allow Australian anesthesia to reach the level of practice and professionalism found in Europe and America. Kaye wholly financed the venture and lived on the second floor of the building.
During his world-wide travels, Kaye had developed a friendship with Paul M. Wood, M.D., the originator of the American Library-Museum now known eponymously as the Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology. Through the letters Kaye sent to Wood, the authors see Kaye’s perception of the events surrounding the rise and fall of “49.” Kaye’s early letters were optimistic as he discussed the procurements and provisions he made for “49.” His later letters exhibit frustration at the lack of participation by members of the Australian Society of Anaesthetists. Kaye was truly a visionary for his time. He believed that the diffusion center which “49” was to become was not only realistic and achievable but also necessary if Australian anesthesia was to gain international prominence comparable to anesthesia in Europe and North America. In the end, the failure of “49” left Kaye estranged from Australian anesthesia for many years. How this estrangement affected Australian anesthesia is unknown.
p.L1612P, a Novel Voltage-gated Sodium Channel Nav1.7 Mutation Inducing a Cold Sensitive Paroxysmal Extreme Pain Disorder
Authors: Suter Marc R. , Bhuiyan Zahurul A. , Laedermann Cédric J. , Kuntzer Thierry , Schaller Muriel , Stauffacher Maurice W. , Roulet Eliane , Abriel Hugues , Decosterd Isabelle , Wider Christian 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAbstract
A new mutation, p.L1612P, was found in four family members suffering from Paroxysmal Extreme Pain Disorder. The mutant ion channel possesses unique electrophysiological characteristics, and a pharmacological profile distinct from other known mutations.

Background:
Mutations in the SCN9A gene cause chronic pain and pain insensitivity syndromes. We aimed to study clinical, genetic, and electrophysiological features of paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD) caused by a novel SCN9A mutation.

Methods:
Description of a 4-generation family suffering from PEPD with clinical, genetic and electrophysiological studies including patch clamp experiments assessing response to drug and temperature.

Results:
The family was clinically comparable to those reported previously with the exception of a favorable effect of cold exposure and a lack of drug efficacy including with carbamazepine, a proposed treatment for PEPD. A novel p.L1612P mutation in the Nav1.7 voltage-gated sodium channel was found in the four affected family members tested. Electrophysiologically the mutation substantially depolarized the steady–state inactivation curve (V
1/2 from −61.8 ± 4.5 mV to −30.9 ± 2.2 mV, n = 4 and 7, P < 0.001), significantly increased ramp current (from 1.8% to 3.4%, n = 10 and 12) and shortened recovery from inactivation (from 7.2 ± 5.6 ms to 2.2 ± 1.5 ms, n = 11 and 10). However, there was no persistent current. Cold exposure reduced peak current and prolonged recovery from inactivation in wild-type and mutated channels. Amitriptyline only slightly corrected the steady–state inactivation shift of the mutated channel, which is consistent with the lack of clinical benefit.

Conclusions:
The novel p.L1612P Nav1.7 mutation expands the PEPD spectrum with a unique combination of clinical symptoms and electrophysiological properties. Symptoms are partially responsive to temperature but not to drug therapy. In vitro trials of sodium channel blockers or temperature dependence might help predict treatment efficacy in PEPD.
Clinical Outcome and Postoperative CT Measurements of Microendoscopic Decompression for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Zhou Xu , Zhang Lei , Zhang Hai-long , He Shi-Sheng , Gu Xin , Gu Guang-Fei , Fu Qing-Song 
Published: October 2014

Study Design:
This was a retrospective case series.

Objective:
To retrospectively evaluate the clinical outcome of microendoscopic decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) including an evaluation of the extent of decompression using computed tomography.

Summary of Background Data:
Microendoscopic decompression has been a widely applied procedure to treat LSS with satisfactory outcomes and comparatively fewer complications and revision. However, few reports showed computed tomography (CT) measurements of the lumbar spine to assess the postoperative decompression.

Methods:
This study included 103 patients (55 males and 48 females; mean age, 69 y) who underwent microendoscopic decompression for treatment of LSS between January 2009 and January 2011. All patients underwent preoperative CT and postoperative CT at 6 months and 2 years of follow-up to measure the vertebral canal area and the sagittal diameter of the lateral recess at the outer rim. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and Visual Analogue Scale were used to evaluate clinical efficacy.

Results:
The mean vertebral canal area and sagittal diameter of the lateral recess were significantly larger at 6 months and 2 years after surgery compared with 1 day before surgery (P<0.001). The mean JOA scale scores were significantly higher at 6 and 24 months following surgery compared with before surgery (P<0.001). The mean Oswestry Disability Index scores and Visual Analogue Scale scores at 6 months and 2 years after surgery were significantly lower compared with before surgery (both P<0.001). The mean JOA recovery rates at 6 months and 2 years of follow-up were 61% and 64.3%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The results confirm that microendoscopic decompression for LSS is safe and effective. This study is one of the first to obtain CT measurements of the lumbar spine to assess the postoperative decompression of this procedure.
Artificial Cervical Disk Replacement for the Treatment of Adjacent Segment Disease After Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion
Authors: Bin Sheng , Xiangwang Huang , Sheng Xiao , Tiecheng Xiang , Xiangyang Liu , Yi Zhang , Bin Liu 
Published: October 2014

Study Design:
Retrospective study.

Objective:
To evaluate the outcome of artificial cervical disk replacement (ACDR) for the treatment of adjacent segment disease (ASD) after anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF).

Summary of Background Data:
ACDF is the useful procedure for degenerative cervical diseases. However, studies have reported accelerated degeneration of functional spinal units adjacent to the fusion site after ACDF.

Materials and Methods:
Between January 2004 and January 2011, 32 inpatients (18 male, 14 female; age, 38–61 y; mean, 48 y) underwent ACDR for the treatment of ASD after previous ACDF (single-level: n=12; 2-level: n=15; 3-level: n=5). In 22 patients, ASD occurred above the fusion site, and in 10 it occurred below the site. After ACDR, the patients were followed up for 30–62 months (mean, 49 mo). Before and after ACDR, patients were evaluated using the pain visual analog scale (VAS), the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, and neck disability index (NDI). In addition, the range of motion (ROM) of the replaced and adjacent unfused segments was measured by flexion/extension lateral radiography. Periprosthetic heterotopic ossification was detected using McAfee’s classification. Degeneration of the adjacent unfused segment was evaluated using Goffin scale.

Results:
All patients had successful surgery. Before ACDR, neck VAS, upper-limb VAS, JOA score, and NDI were 7.2±1.8, 6.9±1.1, 9.8±2.5, and 40.5±4.8, respectively. At the last follow-up, they were 1.2±0.3, 0.9±0.3, 14.5±1.1, and 9.0±2.5, respectively. Compared with presurgery, the improvements in VAS, JOA score, and NDI at the final follow-up were statistically significant (all P<0.05). During follow-up, prosthesis positioning was satisfactory without migration or downward movement. Preoperatively, the ROMs of the replaced and adjacent segments were 8.7±2.6 and 7.6±3.0, respectively. At the last follow-up, they were 8.5±2.2 and 7.2±2.6, respectively (both P>0.05). At the last follow-up, 2 patients had grade II heterotopic ossification; 3 patients had aggravated degeneration (vs. preoperative status) of the adjacent unfused segment. However, the reduction in Goffin grade was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
Our follow-up shows that ACDR is an effective treatment for post-ACDF ASD. It can maintain the ROMs of the replaced segment as well as the adjacent unfused segment.
Fixed versus mixed RSA: Explaining visual representations by fixed and mixed feature sets from shallow and deep computational models
Authors: Khaligh-Razavi Seyed-Mahdi , Henriksson Linda , Kay Kendrick , Kriegeskorte Nikolaus 
Published: October 2014

AbstractStudies of the primate visual system have begun to test a wide range of complex computational object-vision models. Realistic models have many parameters, which in practice cannot be fitted using the limited amounts of brain-activity data typically available. Task performance optimization (e.g. using backpropagation to train neural networks) provides major constraints for fitting parameters and discovering nonlinear representational features appropriate for the task (e.g. object classification). Model representations can be compared to brain representations in terms of the representational dissimilarities they predict for an image set. This method, called representational similarity analysis (RSA), enables us to test the representational feature space as is (fixed RSA) or to fit a linear transformation that mixes the nonlinear model features so as to best explain a cortical area’s representational space (mixed RSA). Like voxel/population-receptive-field modelling, mixed RSA uses a training set (different stimuli) to fit one weight per model feature and response channel (voxels here), so as to best predict the response profile across images for each response channel. We analysed response patterns elicited by natural images, which were measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We found that early visual areas were best accounted for by shallow models, such as a Gabor wavelet pyramid (GWP). The GWP model performed similarly with and without mixing, suggesting that the original features already approximated the representational space, obviating the need for mixing. However, a higher ventral-stream visual representation (lateral occipital region) was best explained by the higher layers of a deep convolutional network, and mixing of its feature set was essential for this model to explain the representation. We suspect that mixing was essential because the convolutional network had been trained to discriminate a set of 1000 categories, whose frequencies in the training set did not match their frequencies in natural experience or their behavioural importance. The latter factors might determine the representational prominence of semantic dimensions in higher-level ventral-stream areas. Our results demonstrate the benefits of testing both the specific representational hypothesis expressed by a model’s original feature space and the hypothesis space generated by linear transformations of that feature space.HighlightsWe tested computational models of representations in ventral-stream visual areas.We compared representational dissimilarities with/without linear remixing of model features.Early visual areas were best explained by shallow – and higher by deep – models.Unsupervised shallow models performed better without linear remixing of their features.A supervised deep convolutional net performed best with linear feature remixing.
Abscisic Acid Promotion of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization Requires a Component of the PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A Complex
Authors: Charpentier Myriam , Sun Jongho , Wen Jiangqi , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Oldroyd Giles E.D. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Legumes can establish intracellular interactions with symbiotic microbes to enhance their fitness, including the interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. AM fungi colonize root epidermal cells to gain access to the root cortex, and this requires the recognition by the host plant of fungus-made mycorrhizal factors. Genetic dissection has revealed the symbiosis signaling pathway that allows the recognition of AM fungi, but the downstream processes that are required to promote fungal infection are poorly understood. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been shown to promote arbuscule formation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Here, we show that ABA modulates the establishment of the AM symbiosis in Medicago truncatula by promoting fungal colonization at low concentrations and impairing it at high concentrations. We show that the positive regulation of AM colonization via ABA requires a PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A (PP2A) holoenzyme subunit, PP2AB′1. Mutations in PP2AB′1 cause reduced levels of AM colonization that cannot be rescued with permissive ABA application. The action of PP2AB′1 in response to ABA is unlinked to the generation of calcium oscillations, as the pp2aB′1 mutant displays a normal calcium response. This contrasts with the application of high concentrations of ABA that impairs mycorrhizal factor-induced calcium oscillations, suggesting different modes of action of ABA on the AM symbiosis. Our work reveals that ABA functions at multiple levels to regulate the AM symbiosis and that a PP2A phosphatase is required for the ABA promotion of AM colonization.
Intergenic Sequence between Arabidopsis Caseinolytic Protease B-Cytoplasmic/Heat Shock Protein100 and Choline Kinase Genes Functions as a Heat-Inducible Bidirectional Promoter
Authors: Mishra Ratnesh Chandra , Grover Anil 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the At1g74310 locus encodes for caseinolytic protease B-cytoplasmic (ClpB-C)/heat shock protein100 protein (AtClpB-C), which is critical for the acquisition of thermotolerance, and At1g74320 encodes for choline kinase (AtCK2) that catalyzes the first reaction in the Kennedy pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. Previous work has established that the knockout mutants of these genes display heat-sensitive phenotypes. While analyzing the AtClpB-C promoter and upstream genomic regions in this study, we noted that AtClpB-C and AtCK2 genes are head-to-head oriented on chromosome 1 of the Arabidopsis genome. Expression analysis showed that transcripts of these genes are rapidly induced in response to heat stress treatment. In stably transformed Arabidopsis plants harboring this intergenic sequence between head-to-head oriented green fluorescent protein and β-glucuronidase reporter genes, both transcripts and proteins of the two reporters were up-regulated upon heat stress. Four heat shock elements were noted in the intergenic region by in silico analysis. In the homozygous transfer DNA insertion mutant Salk_014505, 4,393-bp transfer DNA is inserted at position −517 upstream of ATG of the AtClpB-C gene. As a result, AtCk2 loses proximity to three of the four heat shock elements in the mutant line. Heat-inducible expression of the AtCK2 transcript was completely lost, whereas the expression of AtClpB-C was not affected in the mutant plants. Our results suggest that the 1,329-bp intergenic fragment functions as a heat-inducible bidirectional promoter and the region governing the heat inducibility is possibly shared between the two genes. We propose a model in which AtClpB-C shares its regulatory region with heat-induced choline kinase, which has a possible role in heat signaling.
CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE8 Differentially Regulates Plant Immunity to Fungal Pathogens through Kinase-Dependent and -Independent Functions in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhu Yingfang , Schluttenhoffer Craig M. , Wang Pengcheng , Fu Fuyou , Thimmapuram Jyothi , Zhu Jian-Kang , Lee Sang Yeol , Yun Dae-Jin , Mengiste Tesfaye 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE8 (CDK8) is a widely studied component of eukaryotic Mediator complexes. However, the biological and molecular functions of plant CDK8 are not well understood. Here, we provide evidence for regulatory functions of Arabidopsis thaliana CDK8 in defense and demonstrate its functional and molecular interactions with other Mediator and non-Mediator subunits. The cdk8 mutant exhibits enhanced resistance to Botrytis cinerea but susceptibility to Alternaria brassicicola. The contributions of CDK8 to the transcriptional activation of defensin gene PDF1.2 and its interaction with MEDIATOR COMPLEX SUBUNIT25 (MED25) implicate CDK8 in jasmonate-mediated defense. Moreover, CDK8 associates with the promoter of AGMATINE COUMAROYLTRANSFERASE to promote its transcription and regulate the biosynthesis of the defense-active secondary metabolites hydroxycinnamic acid amides. CDK8 also interacts with the transcription factor WAX INDUCER1, implying its additional role in cuticle development. In addition, overlapping functions of CDK8 with MED12 and MED13 and interactions between CDK8 and C-type cyclins suggest the conserved configuration of the plant Mediator kinase module. In summary, while CDK8's positive transcriptional regulation of target genes and its phosphorylation activities underpin its defense functions, the impaired defense responses in the mutant are masked by its altered cuticle, resulting in specific resistance to B. cinerea.
Sustained human development as a psycho-social evolution from individuality to personality
Authors: Dutta Dilip 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyse how Vivekananda, in his quest for sustained human development, explores a new generation of humanity by combining some of the active and heroic personality elements of the West with the meditative and yogic personality skills of the East.

Design/methodology/approach
– Because of Vivekananda’s pioneering efforts in the last decade of the 19th century, ancient India’s Vedânta philosophy of human life, along with the Yoga system, has now become a common heritage of all mankind. Vivekananda’s assertion that a human being is potentially divine – one of the major tenets of ancient India’s Vedânta philosophy – has been used as the philosophical foundation of sustained human development.

Findings
– A psycho-physical human being’s initial individuality could be developed towards a psycho-social personality with its manifold existence by manifesting the aesthetic, ethical, heroic and spiritual possibilities lying hidden in an individual person.

Originality/value
– Persons with different degrees of higher assimilative qualities create different personalities. A psycho-social personality could lead to the path of sustained human development essentially by controlling its mind.
Physico-chemical and sensory properties of cereal/legume-substituted cocoa-based beverage
Authors: Stephen Oladeji Babatunde , Omotoso Badmus Adeniran 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop a cereal/legume-substituted cocoa-based beverage using cocoa powder, malted sorghum flour, soybean flour and defatted melon seed flour and to evaluate their physico-chemical, nutritional and sensory properties.

Design/methodology/approach
– Malted sorghum was prepared; flours of soybean and defatted melon were also prepared separately. Two samples were formulated, the first formulation tagged CPM1 contained 60, 10, 20 and 10 per cent of cocoa powder, malted sorghum, soybean flour and melon flour, respectively, and the second sample tagged CPM2 contained 65, 05, 20 and 10 per cent of cocoa powder, malted sorghum, soybean flour and melon flour, respectively. A commercial product (Noble Vita) was purchased from local market as reference sample.

Findings
– Protein contents of formulated samples (16.93 and10.58 per cent for samples CPM1 and CPM2, respectively) are higher than that of the Noble Vita (6.35 per cent). The vitamin C content of the formulated samples was found to be 13.38 and 13.50 mg/100 g, an improvement from that of the reference sample (6.13 mg/100 g). Significant difference exists in the overall acceptability between the formulated samples and the reference sample (p < 0.05), and the formulated samples were more acceptable.

Originality/value
– Formulated samples are nutritionally richer than the reference sample and that they are capable of supplying limiting nutrients in the diet of majority in the developing countries.