bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating bacterial function utilizing A knowledge base of transcriptional regulatory modules
Authors: Shin Jongoh , Zielinski Daniel C , Palsson Bernhard O 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Synthetic biology enables the reprogramming of cellular functions for various applications. However, challenges in scalability and predictability persist due to context-dependent performance and complex circuit-host interactions. This study introduces an iModulon-based engineering approach, utilizing machine learning-defined co-regulated gene groups (iModulons) as design parts containing essential genes for specific functions. This approach identifies the necessary components for genetic circuits across different contexts, enhancing genome engineering by improving target selection and predicting module behavior. We demonstrate several distinct uses of iModulons: (i) discovery of unknown iModulons to increase protein productivity, heat tolerance and fructose utilization; (ii) an iModulon boosting approach, which amplifies the activity of specific iModulons, improved cell growth under osmotic stress with minimal host regulation disruption; (iii) an iModulon rebalancing strategy, which adjusts the activity levels of iModulons to balance cellular functions, significantly increased oxidative stress tolerance while minimizing trade-offs and (iv) iModulon-based gene annotation enabled natural competence activation by predictably rewiring iModulons. Comparative experiments with traditional methods showed our approach offers advantages in efficiency and predictability of strain engineering. This study demonstrates the potential of iModulon-based strategies to systematically and predictably reprogram cellular functions, offering refined and adaptable control over complex regulatory networks.
Elucidation of the molecular mechanism of the breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle using a CRISPR-dCas9 cellular model
Authors: Singh Manrose , Raseley Kaitlin , Perez Alexis M , MacKenzie Danny , Kosiyatrakul Settapong T , Desai Sanket , Batista Noelle , Guru Navjot , Loomba Katherine K , Abid Heba Z , Wang Yilin , Udo-Bellner Lars , Stout Randy F , Schildkraut Carl L , Xiao Ming , Zhang Dong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) is frequently observed in many tumors. The breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle has been proposed to be one of the main drivers of CIN during tumorigenesis and tumor evolution. However, the detailed mechanism for the individual steps of the BFB cycle warrants further investigation. Here, we demonstrate that a nuclease-dead Cas9 (dCas9) coupled with a telomere-specific single-guide RNA (sgTelo) can be used to model the BFB cycle. First, we show that targeting dCas9 to telomeres using sgTelo impedes DNA replication at telomeres and induces a pronounced increase of replication stress and DNA damage. Using Single-Molecule Telomere Assay via Optical Mapping (SMTA-OM), we investigate the genome-wide features of telomeres in the dCas9/sgTelo cells and observe a dramatic increase of chromosome end fusions, including fusion/ITS+ and fusion/ITS−. Consistently, we also observe an increase in the formation of dicentric chromosomes, anaphase bridges, and intercellular telomeric chromosome bridges (ITCBs). Utilizing the dCas9/sgTelo system, we uncover many interesting molecular and structural features of the ITCB and demonstrate that multiple DNA repair pathways are implicated in the formation of ITCBs. Our studies shed new light on the molecular mechanisms of the BFB cycle, which will advance our understanding of tumorigenesis, tumor evolution, and drug resistance.
Sports, Gigs, and TikToks: Multichannel Advertising of Oral Nicotine Pouches
Authors: Sun Tianze , Tattan-Birch Harry 
Published: August 2024

Implications
This commentary highlights the aggressive advertising strategies being used to market oral nicotine pouches, including through online media, motorsport sponsorships, and out-of-home adverts. We underscore the need for balanced policy measures that maintain access to reduced harm alternatives for existing tobacco and nicotine users while minimizing exposure to youth and nonusers.
Association Between Iron, Folate, and Zinc Deficiencies During Pregnancy and Low Birth Weight: Systematic Review of Cohort Studies
Authors: da Silva Nadine P , de O. Mercês Roseane , Magalhães Emilly S , Oliveira Clotilde A , de O. Campos Renata , Santos Marcos P , dos Santos Djanilson B , da M. Santana Jerusa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractContextIron, folate, and zinc deficiencies during the gestational period may be associated with negative perinatal outcomes, such as low birth weight (LBW), but these relationships are not yet fully established in the scientific literature and require further investigation.ObjectiveTo systematically review the scientific production to investigate the association between iron, folate, and zinc deficiencies during pregnancy and LBW.Data SourcesThe search was carried out using high-sensitivity descriptors in the English, Portuguese, and Spanish languages, combined with Boolean operators, adapted to each of the following indexed databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, LILACS via BVS, CENTRAL, and Web of Science. The eligibility criteria followed the PECOS (population, exposure, comparator, outcome, study) strategy.Data ExtractionData extraction was performed using an Excel spreadsheet with the study variables of interest. Subsequently, the information was analyzed and summarized in a table. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to perform the risk-of-bias analysis.Data AnalysisA total of 21 042 references were identified, of which 7169 related to folate, 6969 to iron, and 6904 to zinc. After eligibility criteria application, 37 articles were included in this study, of which 18 referred to zinc nutritional status, 10 related to iron, and 9 related to folate. Studies of iron (40%), folate (66.66%), and zinc (50%) revealed a positive association between deficiencies of these micronutrients and LBW. The overall methodological quality of the studies included in this review was considered high.ConclusionsIron, folate, and zinc deficiencies are still present during gestation. Nevertheless, the association between deficiencies of these micronutrients and LBW is still contradictory, and more studies are needed, as is efficient nutritional monitoring before and during gestation.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration no. CRD42021284683.
REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS proteins target ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 5 for degradation to promote early plant development
Authors: Singh Deeksha , Mitra Oihik , Mahapatra Kalyan , Raghuvanshi Akshat Singh , Kulkarni Rucha , Datta Sourav 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (RUP1) and REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 2 (RUP2) are WD-40 domain-containing proteins that have been extensively characterized for their role in UV-B signaling. However, the roles of the RUP proteins outside the canonical UV-signaling pathway are less known. Here, we identify that RUP1 and RUP2 play important roles in ABA signaling to regulate seed germination and early seedling development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our protein interaction studies confirmed that RUP1 and RUP2 physically interact with ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5). In the presence of abscisic acid, rup1, rup2, and rup1rup2 exhibited reduced germination and seedling establishment compared with the wild type. Germination and seedling establishment in rup1rup2abi5-8 were similar to abi5-8, suggesting that RUP1 and RUP2 suppress ABA-mediated inhibition of germination and early seedling development in an ABI5-dependent manner. The DDB1-binding WD40 protein RUP2 promoted the ubiquitination of ABI5 to regulate its degradation. ABI5, in turn, establishes a negative feedback loop to inhibit the expression of RUP1/RUP2. ABI5 also inhibited the direct binding of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) to the promoters of RUP1 and RUP2 under ABA. This study highlights the coordinated action of RUP1, RUP2, ABI5, and HY5 in regulating early plant development.
Eye tracking is more sensitive than skin conductance response in detecting mild environmental stimuli
Authors: Khazaei Saman , Faghih Rose T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The skin conductance (SC) and eye tracking data are two potential arousal-related psychophysiological signals that can serve as the interoceptive unconditioned response to aversive stimuli (e.g. electric shocks). The current research investigates the sensitivity of these signals in detecting mild electric shock by decoding the hidden arousal and interoceptive awareness (IA) states. While well-established frameworks exist to decode the arousal state from the SC signal, there is a lack of a systematic approach that decodes the IA state from pupillometry and eye gaze measurements. We extract the physiological-based features from eye tracking data to recover the IA-related neural activity. Employing a Bayesian filtering framework, we decode the IA state in fear conditioning and extinction experiments where mild electric shock is used. We independently decode the underlying arousal state using binary and marked point process (MPP) observations derived from concurrently collected SC data. Eight of 11 subjects present a significantly (P-value &lt;0.001) higher IA state in trials that were always accompanied by electric shock (CS+US+) compared to trials that were never accompanied by electric shock (CS−). According to the decoded SC-based arousal state, only five (binary observation) and four (MPP observation) subjects present a significantly higher arousal state in CS+US+ trials than CS− trials. In conclusion, the decoded hidden brain state from eye tracking data better agrees with the presented mild stimuli. Tracking IA state from eye tracking data can lead to the development of contactless monitors for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
Demographic consequences of social movements: local protests delay marriage formation in Ethiopia
Authors: Andriano Liliana , Ebbinghaus Mathis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Despite their significance, life-course dynamics are rarely considered as consequences of social movements. We address this shortcoming by investigating the relationship between protest and marriage formation in Ethiopia. Building on scholarship in social movements and insights from family demography, we argue that exposure to protest delays marriage formation. To test our theoretical arguments, we created an original panel dataset using georeferenced data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. We combined the marriage histories of 4,398 young women with fine-grained measures of exposure to local protests that we compiled from two conflict datasets covering events between 2002 and 2016. Using discrete-time event history analyses, we find that protest delays first-marriage formation. Additional analyses suggest that political uncertainty and disruptions in interethnic marriages cannot explain this effect. Instead, we provide tentative evidence that protest delays marriage formation by preoccupying large segments of the marriageable population, rendering them unavailable for this critical life-course transition. Our findings pave the way for scholarship on the demographic outcomes of protest and contribute to understanding marriage patterns in a country where the timing of marriage has far-reaching social consequences.
One-Level versus Two-Level Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) from L4-S1
Authors: Singh Manjot , Knebel Ashley , Kuharski Michael J. , Nassar Joseph , Callanan Tucker , Basques Bryce A. , Kuris Eren O. , Diebo Bassel G. , Daniels Alan H. 
Published: August 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
Compare outcomes in patients undergoing one-level or two-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) at L4-S1.

Background.
Although ALIF may deliver restoration of lumbar lordosis and improvement in clinical outcomes, it also carries risk of complications including major vascular injury. Whether one-level and two-level ALIF offers similar outcomes is not known.

Methods.
Adults who underwent one-level L4-L5 or L5-S1 ALIF and two-level L4-S1 ALIF at a single academic institution were identified. Patient demographics, procedural characteristics, improvement in spinopelvic alignment, and one-year postoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and complications were compared. Multivariate regression analyses, accounting for age, gender, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), were also performed.

Results.
In total, 158 ALIF patients (111 one-level and 47 two-level) were included, with mean age of 51.4 years, 57.0% female, mean CCI of 1.2, and mean follow-up of 27.0 months. Surgical time (147.3 min vs. 124.6 min, P=0.002) and hospital length of stay (3.5 d vs. 2.9 d, P=0.036) were higher for two-level ALIF. One-year postoperatively, two-level ALIF patients had more caudal apex of lordosis (P=0.016) and 4.1 mm (P=0.002) and 2.0 mm (P=0.019) higher L4-L5 anterior and posterior disc heights, respectively. PROMs were not statistically different across groups (P>0.05). Finally, two-level ALIF patients were 10.9 times more likely to have in-hospital complications (P=0.040), such as intraoperative vascular injury (11.1% vs. 1.5%, P=0.040) or postoperative ileus (7.4% vs. 0.0%, P=0.027), than one-level ALIF patients.

Conclusion.
In this investigation with greater than one-year follow-up, two-level ALIF in the L4-S1 spine had higher procedural time, length of stay, and approach-related complications than one-level ALIF. Although there were minor improvements in alignment with two-level ALIF, PROMs were comparable with improvements from baseline to last follow-up. These findings may help surgeons carefully weigh the risks and benefits of one- versus two-level ALIF when determining surgical plans for patients.

Level of Evidence.
IV
Role of lifestyle factors on the development and long-term prognosis of pneumonia and cardiovascular disease in the Chinese population
Authors: Hu Yizhen , Sun Qiufen , Han Yuting , Yu Canqing , Guo Yu , Sun Dianjianyi , Pang Yuanjie , Pei Pei , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Du Huaidong , Wang Mengwei , Stevens Rebecca , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Li Liming , Lv Jun ,   On behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Whether adherence to a healthy lifestyle is associated with a lower risk of developing pneumonia and a better long-term prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate associations of individual and combined lifestyle factors (LFs) with the incidence risk and long-term prognosis of pneumonia hospitalization.

Methods:
Using data from the China Kadoorie Biobank study, we used the multistate models to investigate the role of five high-risk LFs, including smoking, excessive alcohol drinking, unhealthy dietary habits, physical inactivity, and unhealthy body shape, alone or in combination in the transitions from a generally healthy state at baseline to pneumonia hospitalization or cardiovascular disease (CVD, regarded as a reference outcome), and subsequently to mortality.

Results:
Most of the five high-risk LFs were associated with increased risks of transitions from baseline to pneumonia and from pneumonia to death, but with different risk estimates. The greater the number of high-risk LFs, the higher the risk of developing pneumonia and long-term mortality risk after pneumonia, with the strength of associations comparable to that of LFs and CVD. Compared to participants with 0–1 high-risk LF, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for transitions from baseline to pneumonia and from pneumonia to death in those with five high-risk LFs were 1.43 (1.28–1.60) and 1.98 (1.61–2.42), respectively. Correspondingly, the respective HRs (95% CIs) for transitions from baseline to CVD and from CVD to death were 2.00 (1.89–2.11) and 1.44 (1.30–1.59), respectively. The risk estimates changed slightly when further adjusting for the presence of major chronic diseases.

Conclusion:
In this Chinese population, unhealthy LFs were associated with an increased incidence and long-term mortality risk of pneumonia.
RimabotulinumtoxinB: An Update
Authors: Song Teresa , Marmur Ellen S. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
Botulinum type-A toxin is a well established aesthetic and medical treatment. While the usage of type-B toxin is less common, there is a growing interest in using type-B toxin, especially in those who are treatment resistant.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the primary FDA-approved clinical applications of rimabotulinumtoxinB, along with established and emerging off-label clinical indications.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Articles were reviewed from PubMed database and Food and Drug Adminstration guidelines.

RESULTS
Facial rhytids tend to use a higher conversion ratio between type A and type B toxin, due to type B toxin's weaker affinity to muscles and higher affinity for sweat glands. Specially, a 1:100 to 1:50 ratio was utilized for glabellar rhytids, a 1:25 to 1:50 ratio for periocular rhytids, a 1:50 to 1:66.6 ratio for cervical dystonia, a 1:20 to 1:50 ratio for hyperhidrosis, and a 1:25 to 30 ratio for sialorrhea.

CONCLUSION
Type B toxin has demonstrated its safety and efficacy in treating facial rhytids, cervical dystonia, sialorrhea and hyperhidrosis, with potential for novel applications under investigation. Regardless of injection location and clinical applications, dry mouth and dysphagia remained the most common side effects. Across all indications, type B toxin appeared to have a faster onset of action, a dose-dependent clinical duration, and a dose-dependent adverse effect profile.
Mitigating Immunogenicity by Coordinating Botulinum Toxin Treatments Between Aesthetics and Therapeutics
Authors: Gollomp Stephen M. , Khalifian Saami , Gokhale Samantha 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
Aesthetic use of botulinum toxin (BoNT) has expanded greatly beyond conventional low-dose (20 U) treatments, leading to some patients receiving doses previously reserved for therapeutic uses. The resulting risks are compounded in patients who receive BoNT for both aesthetic and therapeutic indications. Implementing tools for risk management is a high priority to prevent reduced treatment duration and effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE
To highlight the immunogenic risks of higher doses, with special attention to the compounding risks of resistance in patients with overlapping BoNT treatments from aesthetic and therapeutic indications.

METHODS
Authors examined the literature on current practices to provide a side-by-side comparison of BoNT doses for aesthetic and therapeutic indications.

RESULTS
Aesthetic BoNT doses used in combination treatments of multiple areas or single treatments of large muscle areas can meet or exceed those observed in therapeutic treatments.

CONCLUSION
Physicians have a responsibility to incorporate risk management and open dialog into their BoNT treatment plans to maximize effectiveness and longevity of treatments.
Neuromodulators in Skin of Color: An International Review
Authors: Mora Hurtado Arielle Carolina , Elbuluk Nada , Taylor Susan C. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
As the racial/ethnic diversity of the US population grows, it is imperative for dermatologists to recognize the nuances in the aesthetic treatment of diverse populations.

OBJECTIVE
This comprehensive review explores the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in skin of color (SOC) populations and highlights variations in aging patterns, skin properties, and aesthetic concerns in SOC populations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A review of PubMed/MEDLINE databases from 2004 to 2024 was performed using combinations of the terms botulinum toxin, SOC, Fitzpatrick, race/ethnicity, and Asian, Latin American, Caribbean, Middle Eastern, African, and Pacific countries.

RESULTS
Twenty-three articles examining the use of BTX-A in SOC populations were identified. Twelve studies were from East Asia, 5 from the United States and/or Canada, 3 from South Asia/Southeast Asia, 2 from South America, and 1 from the Middle East. Available data suggest that BTX-A is efficacious and well tolerated in SOC populations.

CONCLUSION
Increased SOC representation in clinical trials may guide the development of tailored treatment approaches to optimize aesthetic outcomes for patients with SOC. A comprehensive knowledge of the variations in aging patterns, skin properties, and aesthetic concerns across SOC populations is essential for providing culturally sensitive cosmetic dermatologic care for diverse populations.
Aesthetic Considerations for Neuromodulator Use in Transgender Patients
Authors: Rambhia Pooja H. , Keaney Terrence , Chang Yunyoung C. , Chapas Anne , MacGregor Jennifer 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
The aesthetic dimension of transgender experiences involves various aspects linked to the visual representation and expression of one's gender identity. Nonsurgical cosmetic procedures, such as neuromodulators, have consequently become a viable treatment option for patients with gender dysphoria because of the ability to yield significant, although temporary, results with minimal associated risks and downtime.

OBJECTIVE
To comprehensively review literature pertaining to the aesthetic considerations for use of neuromodulators in transgender and nonbinary individuals.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature review of PubMed/MEDLINE for studies was published through January 2024 for nonsurgical facial and body modification using neuromodulators. Searches were conducted with relevant keywords. Peer-reviewed articles and their references published within the past 10 years were given emphasis in the review.

RESULTS
Based on the limited publications to date, the authors prepared a comprehensive review on indications for neuromodulator treatment in this population, including brow positioning, lower face contouring, lip eversion, trapezius slimming, and leg contouring.

CONCLUSION
Dermatologists play a crucial role in facilitating the achievement of gender affirmation goals.
Neuromodulators in Men
Authors: Minokadeh Ardalan , Matarasso Seth L. , Jones Derek H. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Botulinum toxin treatment is gaining popularity among men for cosmetic purposes driven by workplace competition and a desire for confidence and youthfulness. Because of the unique features of male facial anatomy, careful consideration is necessary during assessment and treatment execution.

METHODS
The peer-reviewed literature on male facial anatomy in relation to neuromodulator treatment was analyzed with a particular emphasis on studies involving male subjects and the use of botulinum toxin type A.

RESULTS
Anatomic differences in muscle mass and contraction patterns between men and women help guide treatment. Men appear to require higher doses for effective treatment of facial wrinkles and, in the case of glabellar lines, often require double the standard dose for women. Treatment of the frontalis muscle in men, responsible for forehead creases, requires precise dosage and placement to avoid brow ptosis. The lateral canthal wrinkles are often the first area that men seek consultation for. Although FDA approval for lower face regions is lacking, off-label use can still be considered.

CONCLUSION
Successful botulinum toxin treatment in men necessitates understanding facial anatomy, customized treatment plans, and appropriate dosing. Further research is warranted to refine protocols and enhance outcomes for male patients.