bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscopic parametrization of the near threshold oscillations of the nucleon time-like effective electromagnetic form factors
Authors: Rosini Francesco , Pacetti Simone , Shekhovtsova Olga , Tomasi-Gustafsson Egle 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present an analysis of the recent near threshold BESIII data for the nucleon time-like effective form factors. The damped oscillation emerging from the subtraction of the dipole formula is treated in non-perturbative-QCD, making use of the light cone distribution amplitudes expansion. Non-perturbative effects are accounted for by considering $$Q^2$$

Q
2

-dependent coefficients in such expansions, whose free parameters are determined by fitting to the proton and neutron data. Possible implications and future analysis have been discussed.
Determinants of Low Birth Weight Among Newborns Delivered at Public Health Facilities of Bishoftu Town, East Shewa Zone, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case‐Control Study
Authors: Bekele Daniel , Dhaba Balay , Menene Abenet , Hinkosa Leta 
Published: July 2024

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major global public health issue that can have a number of serious, potentially fatal health consequences. It is the most common cause of neonatal and child death in low‐ and middle‐income countries, which also has a number of negative health effects. However, the determinants of LBWs were not yet completely recognized in Ethiopia. Thus, it is aimed at identifying the determinants of LBW among newborns delivered at public health facilities in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia.Methods: A facility‐based unmatched case‐control study was conducted at Bishoftu town. Data were collected from mothers having newborns with birth weight < 2500 gm (cases) and 2500 to 4000 gm (controls) using a pretested questionnaire and medical record review. Lastly, Epi Info 7 to enter the obtained data, and SPSS version 21 was used for analysis. Factors in the bivariate analysis with a p value less than 0.25 were added to the multivariable logistic regression, where a p value less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.Results:A total of 285 neonates (95 cases and 190 controls) were included in the study. Being not preeclampsia (AOR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.13–0.88), lack of iron supplementation (AOR = 12.16; 95% CI: 5.40–27.42), preterm delivery (AOR = 7.49, 95% CI: 3.23–17.36), lack of information (AOR = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.37–15.750), and not experienced premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (AOR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.08–0.91) were identified as statistically significant variables in LBW.Conclusion: LBW was significantly influenced by preeclampsia, PROM, missing iron‐folate supplementation during pregnancy, and ignorance of the warning symptoms of premature delivery during pregnancy. Therefore, reducing LBW requires a lot of work, including developing effective interventions and monitoring policies.
Impact of Diabetes and Glycemia on Cardiac Improvement and Adverse Events Following Mechanical Circulatory Support
Authors: Kyriakopoulos Christos P. , Taleb Iosif , Tseliou Eleni , Sideris Konstantinos , Hamouche Rana , Maneta Eleni , Nelson Marisca , Krauspe Ethan , Selko Sean , Visker Joseph R. , Dranow Elizabeth , Goodwin Matthew L. , Alharethi Rami , Wever‐Pinzon Omar , Fang James C. , Stehlik Josef , Selzman Craig H. , Hanff Thomas C. , Drakos Stavros G. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Type 2 diabetes is prevalent in cardiovascular disease and contributes to excess morbidity and mortality. We sought to investigate the effect of glycemia on functional cardiac improvement, morbidity, and mortality in durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients.

Methods and Results

Consecutive patients with an LVAD were prospectively evaluated (n=531). After excluding patients missing pre‐LVAD glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements or having inadequate post‐LVAD follow‐up, 375 patients were studied. To assess functional cardiac improvement, we used absolute left ventricular ejection fraction change (ΔLVEF: LVEF post‐LVAD−LVEF pre‐LVAD). We quantified the association of pre‐LVAD HbA1c with ΔLVEF as the primary outcome, and all‐cause mortality and LVAD‐related adverse event rates (ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack, intracerebral hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding, LVAD‐related infection, device thrombosis) as secondary outcomes. Last, we assessed HbA1c differences pre‐ and post‐LVAD. Patients with type 2 diabetes were older, more likely men suffering ischemic cardiomyopathy, and had longer heart failure duration. Pre‐LVAD HbA1c was inversely associated with ΔLVEF in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy but not in those with ischemic cardiomyopathy, after adjusting for age, sex, heart failure duration, and left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter. Pre‐LVAD HbA1c was not associated with all‐cause mortality, but higher pre‐LVAD HbA1c was shown to increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage, LVAD‐related infection, and device thrombosis by 3 years on LVAD support (
P
<0.05 for all). HbA1c decreased from 6.68±1.52% pre‐LVAD to 6.11±1.33% post‐LVAD (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Type 2 diabetes and pre‐LVAD glycemia modify the potential for functional cardiac improvement and the risk for adverse events on LVAD support. The degree and duration of pre‐LVAD glycemic control optimization to favorably affect these outcomes warrants further investigation.
The Relationship between Event Boundary Strength and Pattern Shifts across the Cortical Hierarchy during Naturalistic Movie-viewing
Authors: Lee Yoonjung , Chen Janice 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Our continuous experience is spontaneously segmented by the brain into discrete events. However, the beginning of a new event (an event boundary) is not always sharply identifiable: Phenomenologically, event boundaries vary in salience. How are the response profiles of cortical areas at event boundaries modulated by boundary strength during complex, naturalistic movie-viewing? Do cortical responses scale in a graded manner with boundary strength, or do they merely detect boundaries in a binary fashion? We measured “cortical boundary shifts” as transient changes in multivoxel patterns at event boundaries with different strengths (weak, moderate, and strong), determined by across-participant agreement. Cortical regions with different processing timescales were examined. In auditory areas, which have short timescales, cortical boundary shifts exhibited a clearly graded profile in both group-level and individual-level analyses. In cortical areas with long timescales, including the default mode network, boundary strength modulated pattern shift magnitude at the individual participant level. We also observed a positive relationship between boundary strength and the extent of temporal alignment of boundary shifts across different levels of the cortical hierarchy. In addition, hippocampal activity was highest at event boundaries for which cortical boundary shifts were most aligned across hierarchical levels. Overall, we found that event boundary strength modulated cortical pattern shifts strongly in sensory areas and more weakly in higher-level areas and that stronger boundaries were associated with greater alignment of these shifts across the cortical hierarchy.
Word Type and Frequency Effects on Lexical Decisions Are Process-dependent and Start Early
Authors: Krause Joshua , van Rij Jacolien , Borst Jelmer P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
When encountering letter strings, we rapidly determine whether they are words. The speed of such lexical decisions (LDs) is affected by word frequency. Apart from influencing late, decision-related, processing stages, frequency has also been shown to affect very early stages, and even the processing of nonwords. We developed a detailed account of the different frequency effects involved in LDs by (1) dividing LDs into processing stages using a combination of hidden semi-Markov models and multivariate pattern analysis applied to EEG data and (2) using generalized additive mixed models to investigate how the effect of continuous word and nonword frequency differs between these stages. We discovered six stages shared between word types, with the fifth stage consisting of two substages for pseudowords only. In the earliest stages, visual processing was completed faster for frequent words, but took longer for word-like nonwords. Later stages involved an orthographic familiarity assessment followed by an elaborate decision process, both affected differently by frequency. We therefore conclude that frequency indeed affects all processes involved in LDs and that the magnitude and direction of these effects differ both by process and word type.
Rhythmic Temporal Cues Coordinate Cross-frequency Phase-amplitude Coupling during Memory Encoding
Authors: Townsend Paige Hickey , Jones Alexander , Patel Aniruddh D. , Race Elizabeth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that rhythmic temporal cues in the environment influence the encoding of information into long-term memory. Here, we test the hypothesis that these mnemonic effects of rhythm reflect the coupling of high-frequency (gamma) oscillations to entrained lower-frequency oscillations synchronized to the beat of the rhythm. In Study 1, we first test this hypothesis in the context of global effects of rhythm on memory, when memory is superior for visual stimuli presented in rhythmic compared with arrhythmic patterns at encoding [Jones, A., & Ward, E. V. Rhythmic temporal structure at encoding enhances recognition memory, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 31, 1549–1562, 2019]. We found that rhythmic presentation of visual stimuli during encoding was associated with greater phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) between entrained low-frequency (delta) oscillations and higher-frequency (gamma) oscillations. In Study 2, we next investigated cross-frequency PAC in the context of local effects of rhythm on memory encoding, when memory is superior for visual stimuli presented in-synchrony compared with out-of-synchrony with a background auditory beat [Hickey, P., Merseal, H., Patel, A. D., & Race, E. Memory in time: Neural tracking of low-frequency rhythm dynamically modulates memory formation. Neuroimage, 213, 116693, 2020]. We found that the mnemonic effect of rhythm in this context was again associated with increased cross-frequency PAC between entrained low-frequency (delta) oscillations and higher-frequency (gamma) oscillations. Furthermore, the magnitude of gamma power modulations positively scaled with the subsequent memory benefit for in- versus out-of-synchrony stimuli. Together, these results suggest that the influence of rhythm on memory encoding may reflect the temporal coordination of higher-frequency gamma activity by entrained low-frequency oscillations.
Real influence: A novel approach to characterize the visibility of journals and publications
Authors: Perianes-Rodríguez Antonio , Mira Bianca S. , Martínez-Ávila Daniel , Grácio Maria Cláudia Cabrini 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
For the last 50 years, the journal impact factor (IF) has been the most prominent of all bibliometric indicators. Since the first Journal Citation Report was launched, the IF has been used, often improperly, to evaluate institutions, publications, and individuals. Its well-known significant technical limitations have not detracted from its popularity, and they contrast with the lack of consensus over the numerous alternatives suggested as complements or replacements. This paper presents a percentile-distribution-based proposal for assessing the influence of scientific journals and publications that corrects several of the IF’s main technical limitations using the same set of documents as is used to calculate the IF. Nearly 400 journals of Library Science and Information Science and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology categories were analyzed for this purpose. The results show that the new indicator retains many of its predecessor’s advantages and adds benefits of its own: It is more accurate, more gaming resistant, more complete, and less influenced by the citation window or extreme observations.
Transient Tropopause Waves
Authors: Dörnbrack Andreas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Flight-level airborne observations have often detected gravity waves with horizontal wavelengths near the tropopause. Here, in situ and remote sensing aircraft data of these short gravity waves trapped along tropopause inversion layer and collected during a mountain-wave event over southern Scandinavia are analyzed to quantify their spectral energy and energy fluxes and to identify nonstationary modes. A series of three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed to explain the origin of these transient wave modes and to investigate the parameters on which they depend. It turns out that mountain-wave breaking in the middle atmosphere and the subsequent modification of the stratospheric flow are the key factors for the occurrence of trapped modes with . In particular, the intermittent and periodic breaking of mountain waves in the lower stratosphere forms a wave duct directly above the tropopause, in which the short gravity waves are trapped. The characteristics of the trapped, downstream-propagating waves are mainly controlled by the sharpness of the tropopause inversion layer. It could be demonstrated that different settings for optimizing the numerical solver have a significantly smaller influence on the solutions.
Representation of Blowing Snow and Associated Visibility Reduction in an Operational High-Resolution Weather Model
Authors: Corrie Timothy D. , Geerts Bart , Smirnova Tatiana G. , Benjamin Stanley G. , Charnick Michael , Brothers Matthew , He Siwei , Lebo Zachary J. , James Eric P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Blowing snow is a hazard for motorists because it may rapidly reduce visibility. Numerical weather prediction models in the United States do not capture the movement of snow once it reaches the ground, but visibility reductions due to blowing snow can be diagnosed based on model-predicted land surface and environmental conditions that correlate with blowing snow occurrence. A recently developed diagnostic framework for forecasting blowing snow concentration and the associated visibility reduction is applied to High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) and Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS) model output including surface snow conditions to predict surface visibility reduction due to blowing snow. Twelve blowing snow events around Wyoming from 2018 to 2023 are examined. The analysis shows that visibility reductions due to blowing snow tend to be overpredicted, caused by the initial assumption of full driftability of the snowpack. This study refines the aging of the blowing snow reservoir with two methods. The first method estimates driftability based on time-varying snow density from the Rapid Update Cycle land surface model (RUC LSM) used in the HRRR and experimental RRFS models and is evaluated in a real-time context with the RRFS model. The second, complementary method diagnoses snowpack driftability using a process-based approach that requires data for recent snowfall, wind speed, and skin temperature. Compared to the full driftability assumption, this method shows limited improvements in forecasting skill. To improve model-based diagnosis of visibility reduction due to blowing snow, empirical work is needed to determine the relation between snowpack driftability and the recent history of snowfall and other weather conditions.

Significance Statement
Blowing snow presents a significant hazard to motorists and airport operations through sometimes very rapid and intense reductions in visibility, yet little predictive guidance exists for blowing snow. This study aims to improve the prediction of blowing snow occurrence and associated surface visibility reduction using diagnostics from an operational high-resolution weather model. One key challenge regards the question of driftability of the snowpack. This study evaluates two approaches to quantify driftability in terms of visibility reduction due to blowing snow and acknowledges that more measurements are needed to improve the representation of blowing snow physics in NWP models.
Vitamin B12-Related Biomarkers
Authors: Nexo Ebba , Parkner Tina 
Published: July 2024

Background: Adult vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency may present itself with nonspecific mainly neurological symptoms, and thus plasma biomarkers are often judged to be of major importance in the further diagnostic process. Four biomarkers are of special relevance: total B12, holotranscobalamin (the part of B12 bound to the active transport protein, transcobalamin, also named holoTC or active B12) and the 2 so-called metabolic markers that accumulate if B12 is lacking, methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine. Objective: This article briefly reviews the inherent limitation of biomarkers, discusses its use in establishing the diagnosis and cause of B12 deficiency, and when following or discontinuing treatment with B12. Methods: The review is based on published papers, but also on knowledge gained from working within the area. Conclusion: It is concluded that a combination of a B12 and a metabolic marker, for example, total B12 and MMA, may prove most useful in daily practice. An unexpectedly high level of total B12 is most often of no clinical importance, though sometimes related to the presence of underlying cancer. Measurement of total B12 is of limited value in patients on treatment with pharmacological doses of B12 but may be helpful if B12 treatment is discontinued.
A Brief Overview of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cobalamin (B12) Deficiency
Authors: Wolffenbuttel Bruce H. R. , McCaddon Andrew , Ahmadi Kourosh R. , Green Ralph 
Published: July 2024

Background: An increasing number of adult individuals are at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, either from reduced nutritional intake or impaired gastrointestinal B12 absorption. Objective: This study aims to review the current best practices for the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency. Methods: A narrative literature review of the diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency. Results: Prevention and early treatment of B12 deficiency is essential to avoid irreversible neurological consequences. Diagnosis is often difficult due to diverse symptoms, marked differences in diagnostic assays' performance and the unreliability of second-line biomarkers, including holo-transcobalamin, methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine. Reduced dietary intake of B12 requires oral supplementation. In B12 malabsorption, oral supplementation is likely insufficient, and parenteral (i.e. intramuscular) supplementation is preferred. There is no consensus on the optimal long-term management of B12 deficiency with intramuscular therapy. According to the British National Formulary guidelines, many individuals with B12 deficiency due to malabsorption can be managed with 1000 µg intramuscular hydroxocobalamin once every two months after the initial loading. Long-term B12 supplementation is effective and safe, but responses to treatment may vary considerably. Clinical and patient experience strongly suggests that up to 50% of individuals require individualized injection regimens with more frequent administration, ranging from daily or twice weekly to every 2-4 weeks, to remain symptom-free and maintain a normal quality of life. ‘Titration’ of injection frequency based on measuring biomarkers such as serum B12 or MMA should not be practiced. There is currently no evidence to support that oral/sublingual supplementation can safely and effectively replace injections. Conclusions: This study highlights the interindividual differences in symptomatology and treatment of people with B12 deficiency. Treatment follows an individualized approach, based on the cause of the deficiency, and tailored to help someone to become and remain symptom-free.
Roctavian gene therapy for hemophilia A
Authors: Samelson-Jones Benjamin J. , Small Juliana C. , George Lindsey A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
After successful efforts in adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene addition for hemophilia B gene therapy, the development of valoctocogene roxaparvovec (Roctavian; Biomarin) over the past decade represents a potential new hemophilia A (HA) treatment paradigm. Roctavian is the first licensed HA gene therapy that was conditionally approved in Europe in August 2022 and approved in the United States in June 2023. Beyond Roctavian, there are ongoing pivotal trials of additional AAV vectors for HA, others that are progressing through preclinical development or early-phase clinical trial, as well as non-AAV approaches in clinical development. This review focuses on the clinical development of Roctavian for which the collective clinical trials represent the largest body of work thus far available for any licensed AAV product. From this pioneering clinical development, several outstanding questions have emerged for which the answers will undoubtedly be important to the clinical adaptation of Roctavian and future efforts in HA gene therapy. Most notably, unexplained year-over-year declines in factor VIII (FVIII) expression after Roctavian treatment contrast with stable FVIII expression observed in other AAV HA gene therapy clinical trials with more modest initial FVIII expression. This observation has been qualitatively replicated in animal models that may permit mechanistic study. The development and approval of Roctavian is a landmark in HA therapeutics, although next-generation approaches are needed before HA gene therapy fulfills its promise of stable FVIII expression that normalizes hemostasis.
Smoking and vaping alter genes related to mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bowsher Rachel , Marczylo Timothy H. , Gooch Karen , Bailey Alexis , Wright Matthew D. , Marczylo Emma L. 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundEvidence for the impact of smoking on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is contradictory, and there is little research on vaping. Here we provide greater clarity on mechanisms perturbed by tobacco cigarette, electronic cigarette and nicotine exposures that may impact the risks of infection and/or disease severity.MethodsFollowing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the Ovid and Web of Science databases were searched. Study design and exposure-induced gene expression changes were extracted. Each study was quality assessed and higher confidence scores were assigned to genes consistently changed across multiple studies following the same exposure. These genes were used to explore pathways significantly altered following exposure.Results125 studies provided data on 480 genes altered by exposure to tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, nicotine or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Genes involved in both SARS-CoV-2 viral-entry and inflammation were changed following exposure. Pathway analysis revealed that many of those genes with high confidence scores are involved in common cellular processes relating to hyperinflammatory immune responses.ConclusionExposure to tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes or nicotine may therefore impact initial host–pathogen interactions and disease severity. Smokers and vapers of e-cigarettes with nicotine could potentially be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, associated cytokine storm, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, further research is required, particularly on e-cigarettes, to determine the biological mechanisms involved in perturbation of viral-entry genes and host–pathogen interactions and subsequent responses within the respiratory tract. This will improve our physiological understanding of the impact of smoking and vaping on COVID-19, informing public health advice and providing improved guidance for management of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses.