bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodenticle is required for the development of olfactory projection neurons and local interneurons in Drosophila
Authors: Sen Sonia , Biagini Silvia , Reichert Heinrich , VijayRaghavan K. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
The accurate wiring of nervous systems involves precise control over cellular processes like cell division, cell fate specification, and targeting of neurons. The nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent model to understand these processes. Drosophila neurons are generated by stem cell like precursors called neuroblasts that are formed and specified in a highly stereotypical manner along the neuroectoderm. This stereotypy has been attributed, in part, to the expression and function of transcription factors that act as intrinsic cell fate determinants in the neuroblasts and their progeny during embryogenesis. Here we focus on the lateral neuroblast lineage, ALl1, of the antennal lobe and show that the transcription factor-encoding cephalic gap gene orthodenticle is required in this lineage during postembryonic brain development. We use immunolabelling to demonstrate that Otd is expressed in the neuroblast of this lineage during postembryonic larval stages. Subsequently, we use MARCM clonal mutational methods to show that the majority of the postembryonic neuronal progeny in the ALl1 lineage undergoes apoptosis in the absence of orthodenticle. Moreover, we demonstrate that the neurons that survive in the orthodenticle loss-of-function condition display severe targeting defects in both the proximal (dendritic) and distal (axonal) neurites. These findings indicate that the cephalic gap gene orthodenticle acts as an important intrinsic determinant in the ALl1 neuroblast lineage and, hence, could be a member of a putative combinatorial code involved in specifying the fate and identity of cells in this lineage.
Activation of Cdc42 is necessary for sustained oscillations of Ca2+ and PIP2 stimulated by antigen in RBL mast cells
Authors: Wilkes Marcus M. , Wilson Joshua D. , Baird Barbara , Holowka David 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTAntigen stimulation of mast cells via FcεRI, the high-affinity receptor for IgE, triggers a signaling cascade that requires Ca2+ mobilization for exocytosis of secretory granules during the allergic response. To characterize the role of Rho GTPases in FcεRI signaling, we utilized a mutant RBL cell line, B6A4C1, that is deficient in antigen-stimulated Cdc42 activation important for these processes. Recently the importance of stimulated intracellular oscillations has emerged, and we find that B6A4C1 cells exhibit severely attenuated Ca2+ oscillations in response to antigen, which are restored to wild-type RBL-2H3 levels by expression of constitutively active Cdc42 G12V or by a GEF for Cdc42, DOCK7, but not when the C-terminal di-arginine motif of active Cdc42 is mutated to di-glutamine. We found that antigen-stimulated FcεRI endocytosis, which occurs independently of Ca2+ mobilization, is also defective in B6A4C1 cells, and Cdc42 G12V reconstitutes this response as well. Thus, activation of Cdc42 occurs prior to and is critical for antigen-stimulated pathways leading separately to both Ca2+ mobilization and receptor endocytosis. Accounting for these downstream functional consequences, we show that Cdc42 G12V reconstitutes antigen-stimulated oscillations of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) at the plasma membrane in mutant B6A4C1 cells, pointing to Cdc42 participation in the regulation of stimulated PIP2 synthesis.
Robust circadian rhythms in organoid cultures from PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE mouse small intestine
Authors: Moore Sean R. , Pruszka Jill , Vallance Jefferson , Aihara Eitaro , Matsuura Toru , Montrose Marshall H. , Shroyer Noah F. , Hong Christian I. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythms is a risk factor for several human gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, ranging from diarrhea to ulcers to cancer. 4-dimensional tissue culture models that faithfully mimic the circadian clock of the GI epithelium would provide an invaluable tool to understand circadian regulation of GI health and disease. We hypothesized that rhythmicity of a key circadian component, PERIOD2 (PER2), would diminish along a continuum from ex vivo intestine, organoids (epithelial "miniguts"), and nontransformed (MSIE) and transformed (Caco-2) intestinal epithelial cells. Here we show that bioluminescent jejunal explants from PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE (PER2::LUC) mice display robust circadian rhythms for &gt;72 hours post-excision. Circadian rhythms in primary or passaged PER2::LUC jejunal organoids are similarly robust, synchronize with serum shock, and persist beyond 2 weeks in culture. Remarkably, unshocked organoids autonomously synchronize rhythms within 12 hours of recording. The onset of this autonomous synchronization is slowed by &gt;2 hours in the presence of glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486 (20 μM). Doubling standard concentrations of organoid growth factors EGF, Noggin, and R-spondin enhances PER2 oscillations, whereas subtraction of these factors individually at 24 hours following serum shock produced no detectable effects. Growth factor pulses induce modest phase delays in unshocked, but not serum-shocked, organoids. Circadian oscillations of PER2::LUC bioluminescence align with Per2 mRNA expression by qPCR. Concordant findings of robust circadian rhythms in bioluminescent jejunal explants and organoids provide further evidence for a peripheral clock intrinsic to the intestinal epithelium. The rhythmic and organotypic features of organoids should offer unprecedented advantages as a resource for elucidating the role of circadian rhythms in GI stem cell dynamics, epithelial homeostasis, and disease.
Modelling tuberculous meningitis in zebrafish usingMycobacterium marinum
Authors: van Leeuwen Lisanne M. , van der Kuip Martijn , Youssef Sameh A. , de Bruin Alain , Bitter Wilbert , van Furth A. Marceline , van der Sar Astrid M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of the most severe extra-pulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis with a high morbidity and mortality. Characteristic pathological features of TBM are Rich foci, i.e. brain and spinal cord-specific granulomas formed after haematogenous spread of pulmonary tuberculosis. Little is known about early pathogenesis of TBM and the role of Rich foci. We have adapted the zebrafish - Mycobacterium marinum model to study TBM. First, we analyzed whether TBM occurs in adult zebrafish and showed that intraperitoneal infection resulted in granuloma formation in the meninges in 20% of the cases, with occasional brain parenchyma involvement. In zebrafish embryos, bacterial infiltration and clustering of infected phagocytes was observed after infection via three different inoculation routes, i.e. parenchyma, hindbrain ventricle and caudal vein. Infection via the bloodstream resulted in the formation of early granulomas in brain tissue in 70% of the cases. In these zebrafish embryos, infiltrates were located in the proximity of blood vessels. Interestingly, no differences were observed when embryos were infected before or after early formation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), indicating that bacteria are able to cross this barrier with relatively high efficiency. In agreement with this observation, infected zebrafish larvae also showed infiltration of the brain tissue. Upon infection of embryos with a M. marinum ESX-1 mutant only small clusters and scattered isolated phagocytes with a high bacterial load were present in the brain tissue. In conclusion, our adapted zebrafish - M. marinum infection model for studying granuloma formation in the brain, will allow for the detailed analysis of both bacterial and host factors involved in TBM. It will help solve longstanding questions on the role of Rich foci and potentially contribute to development of better diagnostics and therapeutics.
In vivosiRNA delivery of Keap1 modulates death and survival signaling pathways and attenuates Concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury in mice
Authors: González-Rodríguez Águeda , Reibert Bjorn , Amann Thomas , Constien Rainier , Rondinone Cristina M. , Valverde Ángela M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOxidative stress contributes to the progression of acute liver failure (ALF). Transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) serves as an endogenous regulator by which cells combat oxidative stress. We have investigated liver damage and the balance between death and survival signaling pathways in Concanavalin A (ConA)-mediated ALF using in vivo siRNA delivery targeting Keap1 in hepatocytes. For that goal, mice were injected with Keap1 or Luciferase siRNA-containing liposomes via tail vein. After 48 hours, ALF was induced by ConA. Liver histology, pro-inflammatory mediators, anti-oxidant responses, cellular death and stress/survival signaling were assessed. Keap1 mRNA and protein levels significantly decreased in livers of Keap1 siRNA-injected mice. In these animals, histological liver damage was less evident than in control mice when challenged with ConA. Likewise, markers of cellular death (FasL and caspases 8, 3 and 1) decreased at 4 and 8 hours post-injection. Nuclear Nrf2 and its target hemoxygenase 1 (HO1) were elevated in Keap1 siRNA-injected mice compared to control animals resulting in reduced oxidative stress in the liver. Similarly, mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were reduced in livers from Keap1 siRNA-injected mice. At the molecular level, activation of c-jun (NH2) terminal kinase (JNK) was ameliorated whereas insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) survival pathway was maintained upon ConA injection in Keap1 siRNA-treated mice. In conclusion, our results have revealed a potential therapeutic use of in vivo siRNA technology targeted to Keap1 to combat oxidative stress by modulating Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant responses and IGFIR survival signaling during the progression of ALF.
For Teachers: About the Norms of the Modern Standard Russian Language
Authors: Иванов  , Ivanov Stanislav 
Published: July 2014

The role of a school teacher is highlighted as the archetypal mother-tongue speaker and keeper of the modern standard Russian language, whose
goal is to teach students to consciously select and use linguistic means and to foster speech culture. Characterized are those norms of the modern
standard Russian language, which are most frequently violated by both teachers and students.
How to Unlock Educators’ Professional Potential when Educating Primary School Alumni
Authors: Дедюхина  , Dedyukhina Olga 
Published: July 2014

The paper presents experience, gained by Center for Creativeness Development and Musical and Aesthetic Education of Children and Youth
“Radost”, related to scientific and methodological support of continuous professional advancement of music teachers. Special attention is given
to considering the forms of educational activities under the program of encouraging interest to reading.
Lean Management as a Way of Increase of Competitiveness of Russian Enterprises
Authors: Хомякова  , Khomyakova E. 
Published: July 2014

Perspectives of enhancing domestic enterprises’ competitiveness are considered in the context of integrating foreign-originated system of Lean Management; outcomes of the mentioned system introduction at the selected Russian enterprise are analyzed. Furthermore, core conditions, vital for successful introduction of the Lean Management system are outlined. Lean management is a worldwide practiced problem-solving technique, aimed at competitiveness enhancing; it has the form of workforce organized activities focused at costs minimization, and at maximization of products consumer value and valueadded. Given the unarguable advantages of Lean management system possesses, as compared to traditional approaches, it is a persuasive reason to adopt it to enhance efficiency and competitiveness of an enterprise. Among the most illustrative cases of Lean Philosophy adoption is that of JSC KAMAZ, the enterprise, which has managed to work out its own system, named KAMAZ Production System, with cost advantages for the 2006–2011 period reaching
19,004 bln. rubles.
The synthesis of a glucoconjugate of the peptidic fragment of cryptophycin-24
Authors: Mezrai Abdelmoumen , Lesur David , Wadouachi Anne , Pilard Florence , Mulengi Joseph Kajima 
Published: July 2014

A novel glucoconjugate of the peptidic fragment of cryptophycin-24 was prepared through theÂ replacement of the leucic acid residue with L-leucine and the functionalisation of tyrosine residue with glucose.Those modifications lead to a novel protected tripeptide fragment of cryptophycin-24.
Monopoly, Social Welfare, and Multi Product Quality
Authors: Gayer Amit 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This paper investigates a market with vertical product
differentiation, where both qualities and consumers are represented by
uni-dimensional intervals. Our framework deals with a continuum of
consumers. We investigate the consumers' self selection in a product
quality model under an offer-spectrum of quality-price pairs.
We show the conditions under which there will be no market failure.
Mapping-by-Sequencing IdentifiesHvPHYTOCHROME Cas a Candidate Gene for theearly maturity 5Locus Modulating the Circadian Clock and Photoperiodic Flowering in Barley
Authors: Pankin Artem , Campoli Chiara , Dong Xue , Kilian Benjamin , Sharma Rajiv , Himmelbach Axel , Saini Reena , Davis Seth J , Stein Nils , Schneeberger Korbinian , von Korff Maria 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPhytochromes play an important role in light signaling and photoperiodic control of flowering time in plants. Here we propose that the red/far-red light photoreceptor HvPHYTOCHROME C (HvPHYC), carrying a mutation in a conserved region of the GAF domain, is a candidate underlying the early maturity 5 locus in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We fine mapped the gene using a mapping-by-sequencing approach applied on the whole-exome capture data from bulked early flowering segregants derived from a backcross of the Bowman(eam5) introgression line. We demonstrate that eam5 disrupts circadian expression of clock genes. Moreover, it interacts with the major photoperiod response gene Ppd-H1 to accelerate flowering under noninductive short days. Our results suggest that HvPHYC participates in transmission of light signals to the circadian clock and thus modulates light-dependent processes such as photoperiodic regulation of flowering.
Genome-Wide Patterns of Differentiation Among House Mouse Subspecies
Authors: Phifer-Rixey Megan , Bomhoff Matthew , Nachman Michael W 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOne approach to understanding the genetic basis of speciation is to scan the genomes of recently diverged taxa to identify highly differentiated regions. The house mouse, Mus musculus, provides a useful system for the study of speciation. Three subspecies (M. m. castaneus, M. m. domesticus, and M. m. musculus) diverged ∼350 KYA, are distributed parapatrically, show varying degrees of reproductive isolation in laboratory crosses, and hybridize in nature. We sequenced the testes transcriptomes of multiple wild-derived inbred lines from each subspecies to identify highly differentiated regions of the genome, to identify genes showing high expression divergence, and to compare patterns of differentiation among subspecies that have different demographic histories and exhibit different levels of reproductive isolation. Using a sliding-window approach, we found many genomic regions with high levels of sequence differentiation in each of the pairwise comparisons among subspecies. In all comparisons, the X chromosome was more highly differentiated than the autosomes. Sequence differentiation and expression divergence were greater in the M. m. domesticus–M. m. musculus comparison than in either pairwise comparison with M. m. castaneus, which is consistent with laboratory crosses that show the greatest reproductive isolation between M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus. Coalescent simulations suggest that differences in estimates of effective population size can account for many of the observed patterns. However, there was an excess of highly differentiated regions relative to simulated distributions under a wide range of demographic scenarios. Overlap of some highly differentiated regions with previous results from QTL mapping and hybrid zone studies points to promising candidate regions for reproductive isolation.
Stable Electron Emission from ZnO Nanoemitters Grown with Pseudo-Catalyst
Authors: Yang Su-Hua , Hsu Yi-Ming , Tsai Ming-Wei , Hsueh Ting-Jen 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTCatalyst-free vapor phase transport was applied for the growth of ZnO nanoemitters. A single-crystalline ZnO:Al seed layer was deposited and used as a pseudo-catalyst. The desired morphology of nanostructures can be achieved by means of modifying the growth rates of crystal planes via adjustment in the growth conditions. The field emission characteristics of ZnO nanoemitters satisfied the Fowler-Nordheim relationship. The high aspect ratio of nanoemitters had a low turn-on electric field of 0.18 MV/m at emission current density of 0.1 μA/cm2. A stable electron emission with a variation of less than 14% was measured.
Roost-Site Characteristics of the Mediterranean Shag Phalacrocorax Aristotelis Desmarestii Along the Slovenian Coast
Authors: Bordjan Dejan , Gamser Matej , Kozina Aleksander , Novak Jure , Denac Mitja 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Several bird species utilize artificial structures for communal roosting. Between 26 May and 28 Jun 2012, the selection of buoys and times of departure by Mediterranean Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii were studied at three communal roosts within shellfish farms in the Bays of Sv. Jernej (Debeli rtič), Strunjan and Piran (Sečovlje). A total of 3,110 buoys were counted and categorized into two groups according to their shape (horizontal and vertical) and colours. The black horizontally floating buoys were of two types (barrelshaped and oval). The Shags chose to utilize the horizontally floating buoys only, most often black and white in colour. Owing to their poorer stability and smaller standing surface, the vertically floating buoys are clearly unsuitable for them. The highest share of Shags with regard to the number of buoys of separate types was registered on black barrel-shaped buoys. As the percentage of occupied buoys was similar at all roost sites (36-39%), it was deduced that Shags distribute evenly among roosts, regardless of the number of individuals present in the Slovenian sea. At the larger roost at Debeli rtič, the percentage of adult individuals (73.5%) was greater than at Strunjan (42.5%). This could be due to the competition for better places, given that competitively stronger individuals select safer larger roosts. Between 5.42 and 9.00 hrs, 53.3% and 69.1% of Shags departed from the roost sites at Debeli rtič and Strunjan, respectively, with the majority of departures recorded between 7.50 and 8.30 hrs. They left their roosts mostly individually (48.7%) or in pairs (23.3%), at Debeli rtič predominantly in the SW (58.9%) and W (16.9%) directions, and at Strunjan in the NE (42.3%) and N (38.5%) directions.
Systemic capillary leak syndrome due to systemic inflammatory response syndrome in infants: a report on 31 patients
Authors: Yang Chun-Yan , Xu Ping , Yang Yu-Jun , Li Bao-Yun , Sun Shi-Zhi , Yang Qiao-Zhi , Wang Le-Xin 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features, management strategies and outcomes of 31 infants with systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) secondary to sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome. There were 23 boys and 8 girls, with an average age 9.6 ± 2.1 days (range, 3.1 to 20 days). The primary disease was pneumonia in 11 patients and sepsis in other 20. Within 72 hrs of admission, all had progressive skin and mucosal edema, septic shock, respiratory distress, oliguria and severe hypoalbuminemia (10–20g/L). Other complications were pulmonary edema or hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, heart failure, renal or liver dysfunction. All patients were treated with mechanical ventilation with a mean mechanical ventilation time of 19.7± 3.5 days. Intravenous hydroxyethyl starch was also applied at an early stage for 4–12 days, together with broad spectrum antibiotics, plasma and albumin infusion. Twenty one patients (67.0%) were discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit after a median stay of 29 days, and 7 died (37.0%) in the hospital. During a 6.3-month follow-up, 4 patients had hydrocephalus and another 4 had muscle spasm or rigidity in the lower-limbs. We conclude that SCLS is a serious complication of neonatal sepsis with a high rate of in-hospital mortality and post-discharge disability.
Animal and human dentin microstructure and elemental composition
Authors: Mlakar Nina , Pavlica Zlatko , Petelin Milan , Štrancar Janez , Zrimšek Petra , Pavlič Alenka 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Animal teeth are a common model in studies on dentin adhesive materials. The aim of this study was to compare microstructural parameters (density and diameter of dentinal tubules (DT), peritubular dentin (PTD) thickness, PTD and intertubular dentin (ITD) surface area) and chemical characteristics of canine, porcine, equine, and human root dentin. The middle layers of dentin were harvested just below a cemento-enamel junction from incisors and investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). SEM evaluation of the specimens revealed, that porcine dentin shared most similarities with human dentin. When comparing the density of DTs, canine dentin was also found to be similar to human dentin. Elemental composition of the root dentin did not differ significantly in porcine, equine and human dentin, but in canine dentin higher magnesium value in PTD compared to ITD was found. It is known that microstructural and chemical characteristics affect the strength of the adhesive bonds created among restorative materials and dentin. According to the results of this study, porcine dentin seems to be the most appropriate model to study dental materials to be used in human restorative dentistry.
Behavioural manifestations of dairy cattle in the pasture-based system
Authors: Voříšková Jarmila , Beneš Karel , Kobes Milan , Pozdíšek Jan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract A pasture-based system for dairy cattle is not common due to the need for milking, despite the fact that this system provides the possibility of natural animal behaviour. Six behavioural observations were carried out during the grazing season in dairy herds bred in a mountainous area (700 m a. s. l.) The basic herd was comprised of 53 cows, mainly of the Holstein breed. From April to November the herd was located on pastures near the stables and milked twice a day in a tandem milking parlour. Feed ration was composed of pasture and concentrated feed in the stable. During the grazing season, there was a slight variation with a tendency to extend the grazing period to the autumn months. The cattle grazed the shortest time in May - 35.0% of the day or 8.4 hours. In the autumn months the grazing time increased by 2.2 and 2.6 hours respectively. Cows were resting the longest time period in May and June (8.9 and 9.1 h respectively). On the other hand, cows were resting for the shortest time in October (6.8 hours). During the grazing period the milk yield decreased from 20.4 kg in April to 14.4 kg in November.