bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Luenberger observers and dwell‐time logic for feedback hybrid loops in continuous‐time control systems
Authors: Fichera Francesco , Prieur Christophe , Tarbouriech Sophie , Zaccarian Luca 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYFor linear control systems, we add a Luenberger observer to extend the state‐feedback hybrid loop designs of our previous work to the output feedback case. This defines an output feedback controller. The hybrid loop consists of a continuous‐time dynamics when the estimate of the state leads to a nonincrease of a suitable Lyapunov‐like function and in a jump equation when this condition is not satisfied. The jump equation is defined by means of a static state‐feedback law from the observed state. Four techniques based on different reset maps and flow and jump sets are proposed, all of them exploiting a suitable dwell‐time logic. For the proposed designs, we prove the global exponential stability of the origin. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions is illustrated by simulation examples where we show suitable reduction of the output overshoot. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple Response Regression for Gaussian Mixture Models with Known Labels
Authors: Lee Wonyul , Du Ying , Sun Wei , Hayes David Neil , Liu Yufeng 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMultiple response regression is a useful regression technique to model multiple response variables using the same set of predictor variables. Most existing methods for multiple response regression are designed for modeling homogeneous data. In many applications, however, one may have heterogeneous data where the samples are divided into multiple groups. Our motivating example is a cancer dataset where the samples belong to multiple cancer subtypes. In this paper, we consider modeling the data coming from a mixture of several Gaussian distributions with known group labels. A naive approach is to split the data into several groups according to the labels and model each group separately. Although it is simple, this approach ignores potential common structures across different groups. We propose new penalized methods to model all groups jointly in which the common and unique structures can be identified. The proposed methods estimate the regression coefficient matrix, as well as the conditional inverse covariance matrix of response variables. Asymptotic properties of the proposed methods are explored. Through numerical examples, we demonstrate that both estimation and prediction can be improved by modeling all groups jointly using the proposed methods. An application to a glioblastoma cancer dataset reveals some interesting common and unique gene relationships across different cancer subtypes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2012
Wind tunnel test on mean wind forces and peak pressures acting on wind turbine nacelles
Authors: Noda Hiroshi , Ishihara Takeshi 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTMean wind force coefficients of nacelles are investigated by a wind tunnel test and are compared with those in current codes, such as the Germanischer Lloyd Guideline 2010 (GL2010) and Eurocode, in order to clarify the effects of the ground, presence of a hub, turbulence in the incident flow and nacelle length on these coefficients. Formulas for the mean wind force coefficients are proposed as a function of yaw angles. It is found that mean wind force coefficients of wind turbine nacelles specified in GL2010 are underestimated in comparison with those obtained by wind tunnel tests.Pressure measurements of a nacelle are also conducted. Notably, the mean pressure coefficients for design load case 6.2 (DLC6.2) are significantly larger than those for design load case 6.1 (DLC6.1) in IEC61400‐1. Maximum and minimum mean pressure coefficients are proposed for the DLC6.1 and DLC6.2 by the wind tunnel test, which are similar to those in Eurocode and are larger than those proposed in GL2010. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eine effektive Synthese von cis‐[IrCl2(CO)2]– unter Verwendung von Ameisensäure als Carbonylierungsagenz
Authors: Böttcher Hans‐Christian , Mayer Peter 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe reaction of hydrated iridium chloride with formic acid in refluxing ethoxyethanol afforded by an efficient way the known iridium carbonyl chlorido complex cis‐[IrCl2(CO)2]–. The latter species was isolated and characterized as its corresponding PPN salt (PPN+ = bis(triphenylphosphane)iminium cation). The molecular structure of PPN[IrCl2(CO)2] (1) was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Rb2Mn3O4
Authors: Nuss Jürgen , Jansen Martin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRb2Mn3O4, which is the first rubidium oxomanganates(II), has been synthesized via the azide/nitrate route from a stoichiometric mixture of the precursors RbN3, RbNO3, and MnO, as well as from Rb2O and MnO, through an all solid state reaction. Its crystal structure (C2/c, Z = 4, a = 1546.9(2) pm, b = 666.22(7) pm, c = 588.06(6) pm) consists of a 3D arrangement of edge‐ and corner‐sharing MnO4 tetrahedra with rubidium filling the space between. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate a magnetic phase transition at 126 K. The magnetic response as a function of temperature is complex, indicating strong, partly frustrated magnetic exchange interactions.
A Dynamic Logic for deductive verification of multi-threaded programs
Authors: Beckert Bernhard , Klebanov Vladimir 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We present MODL, a Dynamic Logic and a deductive verification calculus for a core Java-like language that includes multi-threading. The calculus is based on symbolic execution. Even though we currently do not handle non-atomic loops, employing the technique of symmetry reduction allows us to verify systems without limits on state space or thread number. We have instantiated our logic for (restricted) multi-threaded Java programs and implemented the verification calculus within the KeY system. We demonstrate our approach by verifying a central method of the StringBuffer class from the Java standard library in the presence of unbounded concurrency.
Lyso‐globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso‐Gb3) levels in neonates and adults with the Fabry disease later‐onset GLA IVS4+919G>A mutation
Authors: Chien Yin‐Hsiu , Bodamer Olaf A. , Chiang Shu‐Chuan , Mascher Hermann , Hung Christina , Hwu Wuh‐Liang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLyso‐globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso‐Gb3) is a useful biomarker in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment for Fabry disease. However, it is unclear whether lyso‐Gb3 is elevated in patients with later‐onset Fabry disease. Thus, we measured lyso‐Gb3 levels from dried blood spots (DBS) from male newborns with the Fabry disease later‐onset phenotype, IVS4+919G>A mutation, and their family members. The lyso‐Gb3 levels were below the detection limit in normal control newborns and were slightly higher in adults. In males of all ages with the IVS4+919G>A mutation, lyso‐Gb3 levels were elevated and were higher than in age‐matched controls. The elevation of lyso‐Gb3 levels in males with the IVS4+919G>A mutation was only slightly elevated compared with patients with the classical Fabry phenotype. The measurement of lyso‐Gb3 levels is useful in the diagnosis of Fabry disease, including the later‐onset phenotype. The DBS lyso‐Gb3 level was not elevated in IVS4+919G>A heterozygotes, and is not useful for their diagnosis. Since lyso‐Gb3 levels are elevated from birth in Fabry disease males, “an elevated lyso‐Gb3 level” may be of little values for deciding when to begin enzyme replacement therapy.
Effects of hypoglycaemia on neuronal metabolism in the adult brain: role of alternative substrates to glucose
Authors: Amaral Ana I. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHypoglycaemia is characterized by decreased blood glucose levels and is associated with different pathologies (e.g. diabetes, inborn errors of metabolism). Depending on its severity, it might affect cognitive functions, including impaired judgment and decreased memory capacity, which have been linked to alterations of brain energy metabolism. Glucose is the major cerebral energy substrate in the adult brain and supports the complex metabolic interactions between neurons and astrocytes, which are essential for synaptic activity. Therefore, hypoglycaemia disturbs cerebral metabolism and, consequently, neuronal function. Despite the high vulnerability of neurons to hypoglycaemia, important neurochemical changes enabling these cells to prolong their resistance to hypoglycaemia have been described. This review aims at providing an overview over the main metabolic effects of hypoglycaemia on neurons, covering in vitro and in vivo findings. Recent studies provided evidence that non‐glucose substrates including pyruvate, glycogen, ketone bodies, glutamate, glutamine, and aspartate, are metabolized by neurons in the absence of glucose and contribute to prolong neuronal function and delay ATP depletion during hypoglycaemia. One of the pathways likely implicated in the process is the pyruvate recycling pathway, which allows for the full oxidation of glutamate and glutamine. The operation of this pathway in neurons, particularly after hypoglycaemia, has been re‐confirmed recently using metabolic modelling tools (i.e. Metabolic Flux Analysis), which allow for a detailed investigation of cellular metabolism in cultured cells. Overall, the knowledge summarized herein might be used for the development of potential therapies targeting neuronal protection in patients vulnerable to hypoglycaemic episodes.
An Improved Method for Analysis of Glucosylceramide Species Having cis‐8 and trans‐8 Isomers of Sphingoid Bases by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Imai Hiroyuki , Hattori Hideyasu , Watanabe Masayuki 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHigh‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MS/MS) approaches have enabled high selectivity and sensitivity for the identification and quantification of glucosylceramide molecular species. Here we demonstrate that HPLC–ESI–MS/MS is an efficient method for characterizing plant glucosylceramide species having the cis‐8 and trans‐8 isomers of sphingoid bases. Complete baseline separation was achieved using a high‐carbon‐content octadecylsilyl column and a simple binary gradient comprising methanol and water. The result of 2‐hydroxy fatty acid composition achieved by HPLC–ESI–MS/MS was compared with that achieved by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC–FID), indicating that the two methods yield similar molar compositions. The current method should be applicable to seeking the active components of glucosylceramide species from plant materials in response to biological challenges.
Dairy Lecithin from Cheese Whey Fat Globule Membrane: Its Extraction, Composition, Oxidative Stability, and Emulsifying Properties
Authors: Zhu Dan , Damodaran Srinivasan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAn ethanol extraction method was studied for the production of dairy lecithin from cheese whey‐derived milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). A two‐step ethanol extraction of MFGM involving first extraction at pH 6.5, followed by second extraction at pH 4.5 yielded 17.2 % lipids. The extracted material contained about 90 % lipids, 4.5 % ash, and 1.2 % moisture. The phospholipid content of the ethanol extract was 31 % and the remainder was mostly neutral lipids. The phospholipid fraction contained 34 % sphingomyelin, 31 % phosphatidylcholine, 27 % phosphatidylethanolamine, 4.6 % phosphatidylserine, and 3.1 % phosphatidylinositol. Since the ethanol extract contained 31 % phospholipids, it can be technically termed as dairy lecithin. The major fatty acid components were linoleic acid (5.1 %), myristic acid (8.3 %), palmitic acid (29 %), stearic acid (14 %), oleic acid (25 %), and the remainder was minor fatty acids with chain length ranging from C4:0 to C22:5. The dairy lecithin was semi‐solid at room temperature and exhibited a major phase transition at about 35 °C. Owing to its low polyunsaturated fatty acid content, the dairy lecithin was reasonably stable to oxidation as measured by the rate and extent of hexanal production during 35 days of storage at 45 °C. Oil‐in‐water emulsions made with less than 2 % dairy lecithin (relative to the total emulsion weight) were unstable; however, emulsions made with greater than 4 % dairy lecithin were very stable for more than 60 days at room temperature. The results of this study indicated that a highly functional dairy lecithin can be commercially produced using cheese whey‐derived MFGM as the starting material.
Mild cognitive impairment in a community sample: The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study
Authors: Brodaty Henry , Heffernan Megan , Kochan Nicole A. , Draper Brian , Trollor Julian N. , Reppermund Simone , Slavin Melissa J. , Sachdev Perminder S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with an increased dementia risk. This study reports incidence of MCI subtypes, rates of progression to dementia, and stability of MCI classification.MethodsWe examined 873 community‐dwelling adults aged 70 to 90 years over 2 years as part of an ongoing population‐based longitudinal study, the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. Neuropsychological testing assessed five cognitive domains, and a diagnosis of no cognitive impairment, MCI, or dementia (follow‐up only) was made according to published criteria.ResultsThe incidence of MCI was 104.6 (95% confidence interval: 81.6–127.7) per 1000 person‐years, with higher incidence in men (men, 156.8; women, 70.3). Incidence rates for single‐domain amnestic, multiple‐domain amnestic, single‐domain nonamnestic, and multiple‐domain nonamnestic MCI were 47.7, 7.9, 45.0, and 3.9 per 1000 person‐years, respectively. The 2‐year rate of progression from MCI at baseline to dementia was 4.8%, being highest for multidomain amnestic MCI (9.1%). Of those with MCI at baseline, 28.2% reverted to no cognitive impairment at follow‐up. Sensitivity analyses by redefining criteria for cognitive impairment did not affect stability of diagnosis, although changing the threshold of domain impairment reduced baseline MCI prevalence from 36.7% to 5.7% and incidence to 23.5, and increased 2‐year progression rate from MCI to dementia to 14.3%.ConclusionsIncidence rates for MCI are higher than previously reported, particularly in men and for single‐domain MCI; rates for amnestic and nonamnestic MCI were comparable. Multidomain amnestic MCI was the most likely subtype to progress to dementia, but overall, the diagnosis of MCI, particularly single‐domain MCI, shows considerable instability.
Discriminatory and predictive capabilities of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and multiplex platforms in a longitudinal Alzheimer's disease study
Authors: Jongbloed Wesley , Kester Maartje I. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Veerhuis Robert , Scheltens Philip , Blankenstein Marinus A. , Teunissen Charlotte E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundMultiplex assays such as xMAP have been proposed for the assessment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers amyloid β 42 (Aβ42), tau (Tau), and phosphorylated tau (pTau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Here, we compared the traditional enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and xMAP with respect to their: (1) absolute biomarker concentration, (2) ability to distinguish AD from nondemented subjects, (3) ability to monitor AD longitudinally, and (4) ability to predict progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD.MethodsWe selected 68 AD, 62 MCI, and 24 nondemented subjects, performed clinical examinations, and obtained CSF at baseline and 2 years later. Aβ42, Tau, and pTau were measured with both ELISA and xMAP.ResultsBiomarker levels differed considerably between the two assays, and the differences were concentration dependent. No differences were observed in ability to distinguish nondemented subjects from AD patients between ELISA (area under curve of 0.84 for Aβ42, 0.79 for Tau, and 0.75 for pTau) and xMAP (area under curve of 0.82 for Aβ42, 0.75 for Tau, and 0.73 for pTau), all P < .05. Increased Aβ42 levels of AD patients at follow‐up compared with baseline were detected with ELISA, whereas increased Tau levels for nondemented subjects and MCI patients were only detected with xMAP. The hazard ratios for progression from MCI to AD did not differ between the assays.ConclusionBoth ELISA and multiplex assays can be used to measure AD biomarker levels in CSF to support clinical diagnosis and predict progression from MCI to AD with similar accuracy. Importantly, the assays' output in absolute biomarker concentrations is remarkably different, and this discrepancy cannot be reconciled with simple correction factors.
The influence of insulin infusion on the metabolism of amyloid β peptides in plasma
Authors: Karczewska‐Kupczewska Monika , Lelental Natalia , Adamska Agnieszka , Nikołajuk Agnieszka , Kowalska Irina , Górska Maria , Zimmermann Rüdiger , Kornhuber Johannes , Strączkowski Marek , Lewczuk Piotr 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating body of evidence suggests pathophysiologic links between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus (DM). For example, the two crucial peptides playing a role in both degenerative disorders, amyloid β (Aβ) and insulin, are metabolized by the same enzyme, insulin degrading enzyme. Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp is a method of estimating insulin sensitivity, based on the assumption that during steady‐state hyperinsulinemic euglycemia, glucose infusion rate equals tissue glucose uptake, that is, the higher the glucose infusion rate, the higher the insulin sensitivity.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze the influence of insulin on the plasma concentrations of Aβ peptides.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 20 healthy young male volunteers before insulin infusion (clamp) and then at 120 and 360 minutes. In the second protocol, insulin was accompanied by Intralipid, which is mainly a mixture of triacylglycerols, and heparin, given as an activator of lipoprotein lipase, inducing insulin resistance. Analyses of plasma Aβ1‐42, Aβx‐42, Aβ1‐40, and Aβx‐40 were performed with multiplexing technology. Furthermore, concentrations of the Aβ peptides in healthy persons were compared with those in 16 type 1 DM patients receiving chronic insulin therapy.ResultsWhen applied alone (i.e., without Intralipid), insulin infusion increased concentrations of Aβ42 (full length and N‐terminally shortened) but not of Aβ40. When combined with Intralipid, infusion of insulin resulted in increased concentrations of all peptides (nonsignificant tendency in case of Aβx‐40). We did not observe differences between Aβ peptide concentrations in healthy subjects and those in type 1 DM patients.ConclusionInfusion of insulin in nonphysiologic high doses increases plasma concentrations of Aβ peptides; in case of Aβ40, only when applied together with Intralipid, which perhaps might be explained by hypothetical shift of insulin degrading enzyme activity from degradation of Aβ peptides to the degradation of insulin.
A Study of the Clinical Outcome of Laminoplasty for Cervical Compressive Myelopathy
Authors: Stephen Chung Chor-Yat , Kwok-Ho Wong , Ming-Yu Chiu , Yuen-Fong Ho 
Published: October 2012

Purpose To evaluate the prognostic factors that affect the surgical outcome of laminoplasty in patients with cervical compressive myelopathy. Methods This is a retrospective review of 43 cases of multilevel cervical compressive myelopathy treated operatively with expansive laminoplasty (Itoh surgical technique), from June 1989 to August 2008. The mean follow-up duration was 7 years. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, Hirabayashi recovery rate and improvement of Pavlov's ratio were used to assess the clinical results after laminoplasty. Results The mean Japanese Orthopaedic Association score improved from 9.7 to 13.7 points after laminoplasty (p < 0.001), with 65.1% excellent or good results. The Pavlov ratio improved from 0.71 to 0.9 after operation (p < 0.001). Excellent or good surgical outcome is demonstrated in patients aged <70 years. Conclusion Laminoplasty is a viable surgical option for patients with three or more levelsofcervical cord compression. Patients youngerthan 70 years predict a favourable surgical outcome.
Ethical food standard schemes and global trade: Paralleling the WTO?
Authors: Daugbjerg Carsten , Botterill Linda Courtenay 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGlobal food trade embodies a range of different interpretations of the nature of food and its role in society. On the one hand, the WTO food regulation regime, in particular the SPS agreement, is based upon a somewhat instrumental value of food consumption in which food is seen as a commodity to be traded in accordance with international trade rules. At the same time, a number of private standards, such as GlobalG.A.P and various organic standards, are emerging which embody broadly postmaterialist values that suggest that food purchasing and consumption are also social, ethical and perhaps even political activities. This paper analyses the relationship between the WTO food trade regime on the one hand and the GlobalG.A.P and organic food trade regimes on the other. We suggest that competing values can co-exist in parallel institutions and in a commensalistic relationship which protects the values base of each institution while giving expression to both materialist and postmaterialist understandings of the nature of food.
Non-commutative Iwasawa theory of elliptic curves at primes of multiplicative reduction
Authors: LEE CHERN–YANG 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper studies the compactp∞-Selmer Iwasawa moduleX(E/F∞) of an elliptic curveEover a False Tate curve extensionF∞, whereEis defined over ℚ, having multiplicative reduction at the odd primep. We investigate thep∞-Selmer rank ofEover intermediate fields and give the best lower bound of its growth under certain parity assumption onX(E/F∞), assuming this Iwasawa module satisfies theH(G)-Conjecture proposed by Coates–Fukaya–Kato–Sujatha–Venjakob.
Determinants of suboptimal breast-feeding practices in Pakistan
Authors: Hazir Tabish , Akram Dure-Samin , Nisar Yasir Bin , Kazmi Narjis , Agho Kingsley E , Abbasi Saleem , Khan Amira M , Dibley Michael J 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveExclusive breast-feeding is estimated to reduce infant mortality in low-income countries by up to 13 %. The aim of the present study was to determine the risk factors associated with suboptimal breast-feeding practices in Pakistan.DesignA cross-sectional study using data extracted from the multistage cluster sample survey of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006–2007.SettingA nationally representative sample of households.SubjectsLast-born alive children aged 0–23 months (total weighted sample size 3103).ResultsThe prevalences of timely initiation of breast-feeding, bottle-feeding in children aged 0–23 months, exclusive breast-feeding and predominant breast-feeding in infants aged 0–5 months were 27·3 %, 32·1 %, 37·1 % and 18·7 %, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that working mothers (OR = 1·48, 95 % CI 1·16, 1·87; P = 0·001) and mothers who delivered by Caesarean section (OR = 1·95, 95 % CI 1·30, 2·90; P = 0·001) had significantly higher odds for no timely initiation of breast-feeding. Mothers from North West Frontier Province were significantly less likely (OR = 0·37, 95 % CI 0·23, 0·59; P < 0·001) not to breast-feed their babies exclusively. Mothers delivered by traditional birth attendants had significantly higher odds to predominantly breast-feed their babies (OR = 1·96, 95 % CI 1·18, 3·24; P = 0·009). The odds of being bottle-fed was significantly higher in infants whose mothers had four or more antenatal clinic visits (OR = 1·93, 95 % CI 1·46, 2·55; P < 0·001) and belonged to the richest wealth quintile (OR = 2·41, 95 % CI 1·62, 3·58; P < 0·001).ConclusionsThe majority of Pakistani mothers have suboptimal breast-feeding practices. To gain the full benefits of breast-feeding for child health and nutrition, there is an urgent need to develop interventions to improve the rates of exclusive breast-feeding.