bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Effervescent’ atomization in two dimensions
Authors: Lhuissier H. , Villermaux E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA planar Savart water sheet uniformly seeded with small air bubbles in a large surface concentration is studied as a model experiment of the so-called ‘effervescent’ atomization process. This two-dimensional setup allows for a quantitative observation of all the steps of the sheet’s disintegration into a collection of disjointed droplets. The bubbles are heterogeneous nucleation sites which puncture the sheet with holes. The dynamics of the opening of holes competes with the simultaneous nucleation rate of new holes in a statistically stationary fashion. The liquid constituting the sheet is then transiently concentrated in a web of ligaments of various lengths and diameters, at the junction between adjacent holes. Their breakup produces the final spray. We provide a complete description of the ligament web statistics when nucleation is synchronous, and we show that the drop size dispersion from the breakup of a single ligament is responsible for the shape of the overall spray drop size distribution.
Recovery of steady periodic wave profiles from pressure measurements at the bed
Authors: Clamond D. , Constantin A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe derive an equation relating the pressure at the flat bed and the profile of an irrotational steady water wave, valid for all classical solutions of the governing equations for water waves. This permits the recovery of the surface wave from pressure measurements at the bed. Although we focus on periodic waves, the extension to solitary waves is straightforward. We illustrate the usefulness of the equation beyond the realm of linear theory by investigating the regime of shallow-water waves of small amplitude and by presenting a numerical example.
Available potential energy density for Boussinesq fluid flow
Authors: Winters Kraig B. , Barkan Roy 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAn exact expression ${\mathscr{E}}_{a} $ for available potential energy density in Boussinesq fluid flows (Roullet & Klein, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 624, 2009, pp. 45–55; Holliday & McIntyre, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 107, 1981, pp. 221–225) is shown explicitly to integrate to the available potential energy ${E}_{a} $ of Winters et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 289, 1995, pp. 115–128). ${\mathscr{E}}_{a} $ is a positive definite function of position and time consisting of two terms. The first, which is simply the indefinitely signed integrand in the Winters et al. definition of ${E}_{a} $, quantifies the expenditure or release of potential energy in the relocation of individual fluid parcels to their equilibrium height. When integrated over all parcels, this term yields the total available potential energy ${E}_{a} $. The second term describes the energetic consequences of the compensatory displacements necessary under the Boussinesq approximation to conserve vertical volume flux with each parcel relocation. On a pointwise basis, this term adds to the first in such a way that a positive definite contribution to ${E}_{a} $ is guaranteed. Globally, however, the second term vanishes when integrated over all fluid parcels and therefore contributes nothing to ${E}_{a} $. In effect, it filters the components of the first term that cancel upon integration, isolating the positive definite residuals. ${\mathscr{E}}_{a} $ can be used to construct spatial maps of local contributions to ${E}_{a} $ for direct numerical simulations of density stratified flows. Because ${\mathscr{E}}_{a} $ integrates to ${E}_{a} $, these maps are explicitly connected to known, exact, temporal evolution equations for kinetic, available and background potential energies.
Energy harvesting efficiency of piezoelectric flags in axial flows
Authors: Michelin Sébastien , Doaré Olivier 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSelf-sustained oscillations resulting from fluid–solid instabilities, such as the flutter of a flexible flag in axial flow, can be used to harvest energy if one is able to convert the solid energy into electricity. Here, this is achieved using piezoelectric patches attached to the surface of the flag, which convert the solid deformation into an electric current powering purely resistive output circuits. Nonlinear numerical simulations in the slender-body limit, based on an explicit description of the coupling between the fluid–solid and electric systems, are used to determine the harvesting efficiency of the system, namely the fraction of the flow kinetic energy flux effectively used to power the output circuit, and its evolution with the system’s parameters. The role of the tuning between the characteristic frequencies of the fluid–solid and electric systems is emphasized, as well as the critical impact of the piezoelectric coupling intensity. High fluid loading, classically associated with destabilization by damping, leads to greater energy harvesting, but with a weaker robustness to flow velocity fluctuations due to the sensitivity of the flapping mode selection. This suggests that a control of this mode selection by a careful design of the output circuit could provide some opportunities to improve the efficiency and robustness of the energy harvesting process.
Bottom-pressure observations of deep-sea internal hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic motions
Authors: van Haren Hans 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the ocean, sloping bottom topography is important for the generation and dissipation of internal waves. Here, the transition of such waves to turbulence is demonstrated using an accurate bottom-pressure sensor that was moored with an acoustic Doppler current profiler and high-resolution thermistor string on the sloping side of the ocean guyot ‘Great Meteor Seamount’ (water depth 549 m). The site is dominated by the passage of strong frontal bores, moving upslope once or twice every tidal period, with a trail of high-frequency internal waves. The bore amplitude and precise timing of bore passage vary every tide. A bore induces mainly non-hydrostatic pressure, while the trailing waves induce mainly internal hydrostatic pressure. These separate (internal wave) pressure terms are independently estimated using current and temperature data, respectively. In the bottom-pressure time series, the passage of a bore is barely visible, but the trailing high-frequency internal waves are. A bore is obscured by higher-frequency pressure variations up to ${\sim} 4{\times} 1{0}^{3} ~\mathrm{cpd} \approx 80N$ (cpd, cycles per day; $N$, the large-scale buoyancy frequency). These motions dominate the turbulent state of internal tides above a sloping bottom. In contrast with previous bottom-pressure observations in other areas, infra-gravity surface waves contribute little to these pressure variations in the same frequency range. Here, such waves do not incur observed pressure. This is verified in a consistency test for large-Reynolds-number turbulence using high-resolution temperature data. The high-frequency quasi-turbulent internal motions are visible in detailed temperature and acoustic echo images, revealing a nearly permanently wave-turbulent tide going up and down the bottom slope. Over the entire observational period, the spectral slope and variance of bottom pressure are equivalent to internal hydrostatic pressure due to internal waves in the lower 100 m above the bottom, by non-hydrostatic pressure due to high-frequency internal waves and large-scale overturning. The observations suggest a transition between large-scale internal waves, small-scale internal tidal waves residing on thin (${{\sim} }1~\mathrm{m} $) stratified layers and turbulence.
Maximum power from a turbine farm in shallow water
Authors: Garrett Chris , Cummins Patrick 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe maximum power that can be obtained from a confined array of turbines in steady or tidal flows is considered using the two-dimensional shallow-water equations and representing the turbine farm by a uniform local increase in friction within a circle. Analytical results supported by dimensional reasoning and numerical solutions show that the maximum power depends on the dominant term in the momentum equation for flows perturbed on the scale of the farm. If friction dominates in the basic flow, the maximum power is a fraction (half for linear friction and 0.75 for quadratic friction) of the dissipation within the circle in the undisturbed state; if the advective terms dominate, the maximum power is a fraction of the undisturbed kinetic energy flux into the front of the turbine farm; if the acceleration dominates, the maximum power is similar to that for the linear frictional case, but with the friction coefficient replaced by twice the tidal frequency.
Use of narrow-band imaging in detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Thong J F , Loke D , Karumathil Sivasankarannair R , Mok P 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAim:To compare narrow-band images of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with those of normal adenoidal tissue.Method:Patients with a nasopharyngeal mass were evaluated using both conventional white light and narrow-band light. Biopsies were performed and Epstein–Barr viral serology was tested for all patients.Results:Thirty consecutive patients were recruited. Twenty-one patients had normal adenoidal tissue and seven had nasopharyngeal carcinoma. One patient with papillary adenocarcinoma was excluded. The features of narrow-band imaging in normal adenoidal tissue were: (1) a regularly arranged follicular pattern, and (2) each ‘follicle’ comprising a pale centre with surrounding dark periphery. The features of narrow-band imaging in nasopharyngeal carcinoma were: (1) absence of surface patterns (n = 7), and/or (2) ‘reverse’, haphazard follicular pattern comprising a dark brown centre and pale periphery (n = 3).Conclusion:Narrow-band imaging of the surface of adenoidal tissue and nasopharyngeal carcinoma appears to identify distinct, characteristic features as described. Narrow-band imaging may be a useful adjunct in differentiating normal adenoidal tissue from malignancy. Further studies are needed to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy.
Parasitic infections in mixed system-based heliciculture farms: dynamics and key epidemiological factors
Authors: SEGADE P. , GARCÍA-ESTÉVEZ J. , ARIAS C. , IGLESIAS R. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYHeliciculture is an excellent alternative to obtain edible snails but its viability is seriously threatened by pathogens. A parasitological survey was conducted in 3 mixed system-based heliciculture farms in Galicia (NW Spain), with the species Tetrahymena rostrata, Tetrahymena limacis, Tetratrichomonas limacis, Cryptobia helicogenae, Brachylaima aspersae (metacercariae and sporocysts), Alloionema appendiculatum, Nemhelix bakeri, and Riccardoella limacum being commonly found infecting Helix aspersa aspersa (petit-gris) snails. With the exception of C. helicogenae, N. bakeri, and B. aspersae sporocysts, all species were also detected in Helix aspersa maxima (gros-gris) snails, although generally with lower parameters. Most monoxenous infections, and consequently multiple parasitism, exhibited a rising trend during the first 2 months of intensive mating, with tendencies being slowed down or even reversed during the third month as a result of accumulated mortality and a sampling-derived reduction in host density. No parasites were vertically transmitted and infections were initially acquired from invading gastropod and micromammal reservoirs during fattening. Finally, artificial hibernation reduced significantly the prevalence of most species. These results confirm the importance of parasites in heliciculture and emphasize the need to prevent the entry of wild reservoirs into the farms and to rapidly remove the carcasses of dead snails from the reproduction units and fattening pens.
Gene expression analysis of ABC transporters in a resistant Cooperia oncophora isolate following in vivo and in vitro exposure to macrocyclic lactones
Authors: DE GRAEF J. , DEMELER J. , SKUCE P. , MITREVA M. , VON SAMSON-HIMMELSTJERNA G. , VERCRUYSSE J. , CLAEREBOUT E. , GELDHOF P. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYMembers of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family (P-glycoproteins, Half-transporters and Multidrug Resistant Proteins) potentially play a role in the development of anthelmintic resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of ABC transporters in anthelmintic resistance in the bovine parasite, Cooperia oncophora. Partial sequences of 15 members of the ABC transporter protein family were identified, by mining a transcriptome dataset combined with a degenerate PCR approach. Reverse transcriptase PCR showed that most of the ABC transporters identified were constitutively transcribed throughout the life cycle of C. oncophora. Constitutive differences in gene transcript levels between a susceptible and resistant isolate were only observed for Con-haf-9 and Con-mrp-1 in eggs of the resistant isolate, while no differences were observed in L3 or the adult life stage. Analysis of resistant adult worms, collected from calves 14 days after treatment with either ivermectin or moxidectin, showed a significant 3- to 5-fold increase in the transcript levels of Con-pgp-11 compared to non-exposed worms. Interestingly, a 4-fold transcriptional up-regulation of Con-pgp-11 was also observed in L3 of the resistant isolate, after in vitro exposure to different concentrations of ivermectin, whereas this effect was not observed in exposed L3 of the susceptible isolate. The results suggest that the worms of this particular resistant isolate have acquired the ability to up-regulate Con-pgp-11 upon exposure to macrocyclic lactones. Further work is needed to understand the genetic basis underpinning this process and the functional role of PGP-11.
Alcohol consumption in men is influenced by qualitatively different genetic factors in adolescence and adulthood
Authors: Edwards A. C. , Kendler K. S. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundAlcohol consumption is influenced by genetic factors. Previous studies have examined the heritability of alcohol consumption, or related phenotypes, from adolescence into adulthood, frequently finding that total heritability changes over time. However, it remains unclear whether the same genes underlie liability to alcohol consumption across development versus whether novel risk genes become important over time.MethodA population-based study of adult male twins (n=1790) born in Virginia, USA, retrospectively reported on their average monthly alcohol consumption from early adolescence through adulthood. We used twin modeling methods to explore genetic and environmental influences on alcohol consumption over time.ResultsOne latent genetic factor accounted for the majority of the heritability in alcohol consumption during mid- to late adolescence, but its influence declined thereafter; from young adulthood forward, heritability was largely attributable to a second genetic factor. The total heritability of alcohol consumption increased from 0 at ages 12–14 years to 0.40 by ages 18–21 years. Shared environmental factors declined in influence over time.ConclusionsThe heritability of alcohol consumption over time is dynamic both quantitatively and qualitatively. These results have important implications for gene identification endeavors. Furthermore, these findings could inform efforts to elucidate developmentally dynamic behaviors, such as antisocial behavior.
Postsecularist discourse in an ‘age of transition’
Authors: CAMILLERI JOSEPH A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe last twenty years have seen the emergence of an intriguing postsecular discourse which seeks to remedy the limitations of the secular interpretation of politics. The resurgence of religion in the public sphere, the vociferous articulation of fundamentalist worldviews, and the intensification of conflict within and between religious traditions as well as between religious and secularist dispositions are evidence enough of the need to rethink standard secularist formulations. However, this article argues that postsecularity as a concept raises as many questions as it answers. While it rightly draws our attention to the profound discontinuities of our age, post-secularist thought is too preoccupied with certain specificities of contemporary Western discourse and practice to be able to make sense of the wider challenge-response dynamic that is integral to the current period of transition. This article examines the lacunae of post-secularity and avenues for further development of its insights by reference to four closely interlinked features of a rapidly transforming world order: (a) the transnational character of much religious discourse and practice; (b) the decline of the West and the corresponding shift in the economic and geopolitical centre of gravity; (c) the complex relationship between the resurgence of religion and the wider phenomenon of identity politics; and (d) the emerging dialectic between conflictual and dialogical approaches to cultural and geopolitical pluralism.
Islam and the postsecular
Authors: PASHA MUSTAPHA KAMAL 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe language of the ‘postsecular’ acknowledges the enduring presence of faith in politics, repudiating secularisation theses claiming diminution or privatisation of religion in social and political life. In cognitive and experiential worlds, those presumably unfettered by these conceptions (for example, the Islamic Cultural Zones or ICZs), the postsecular presents a different order of challenge and possibility. The term ICZs refers to Muslim majority areas informed by transnational subjectivities loosely connecting varied Islamic societies around symbolic commonality, memory, and historical experience. The term stresses the plurality of Islamic cultural experience, albeit distinguished by recognisable semiotic markers, without essentialising Islamic identity. This article questions the hegemonic view pervasive in both secular and postsecular theorising of the fiction of immutability of faith in the ICZs and recognises its rupture and displacement under conditions of late modernity. The ontological dislocation in the character of religion itself under conditions of late modernity opens up the possibility to account for the assumed resistance of Islam to secular modernity, but also to explain Islam's imbrications in politics read under the sign of Political Islam. Paradoxically, under the condition of late modernity, a more homogenised Islam appears to crystallise in the ICZs at odds with an ‘open’ Islam.
Postsecular resistance, the body, and the 2011 Egyptian Revolution
Authors: MAVELLI LUCA 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAt the heart of the notion of the postsecular is an implied and largely under-theorised idea of resistance against the pathologies of modern secular formations. This is most notably exemplified by Jürgen Habermas's highly influential approach which argues that these pathologies can be resisted through a cooperative cognitive effort of secular and religious consciousnesses. This article contends that this understanding overlooks moreembodiedforms of resistance to the effect that it curtails our capacity to conceptualise postsecular resistance in international relations. Following a contextualisation of Habermas's approach in the broader Kantian tradition to which it belongs, the article develops a contending Foucauldian reading of the body as a locus of resistance and uses this framework to analyse some of the events leading to the 2011 Egyptian revolution. The focus is on the publication of images and videos of police abuses by Egyptian bloggers and independent media as a practice of resistance to the widespread and systematic use of torture. The emotional response to these images, it will be argued, contributed to unite Egyptians despite longstanding fractures, most notably that between secularists and Islamists, thus turning the body from an ‘inscribed surface of events’ into a postsecular locus of resistance. The article concludes by highlighting the main implications of this analysis for future research agendas on the postsecular in international relations.
Distribution of tree species along a gallery forest–savanna gradient: patterns, overlaps and ecological thresholds
Authors: Azihou Akomian Fortuné , Kakaï Romain Glèlè , Bellefontaine Ronald , Sinsin Brice 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:Savannas intermingled with gallery forests are dynamic habitats typical in Africa. This study aims to determine if differences in species traits lead to non-overlapping distribution of gallery-forest and savanna species and abrupt transition between gallery forest and savanna. Tree species densities were measured in 375 plots of 1500 m2 covering a total sample area of 56.25 ha along forty 3-km transects located at right angles to a riverbed with gallery forest into surrounding savanna. Location, vegetation type, soil physical properties, erosion and fire occurrence were recorded as site factors. Data analysis included the quantification of co-occurrence patterns, threshold indicator taxa analysis and fuzzy set ordination. The gallery forest–savanna gradient predicted floristic composition of plots with a correlation of 0.595 but its accuracy was locally modified by the occurrence of fire and the physical properties of soil that covered more than 30% of the range of residuals. The distribution of gallery-forest and savanna tree species did not overlap. Along the gallery forest–savanna gradient, savanna species gradually increased in density while gallery-forest species showed a community threshold at 120 m from the river beyond the width of gallery forest. The forest species driving this trend should play an important role in the dynamics of gallery forest–savanna boundaries.
Germination patterns and ecological characteristics of Vellozia seeds from high-altitude sites in south-eastern Brazil
Authors: Soares da Mota Letícia A. , Garcia Queila S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe present work aims to determine whether there are patterns of seed and germination characteristics in Vellozia due to the phylogenetic proximity among the species examined and if these characteristics explain their restricted geographical distributions. We evaluated the germination characteristics of freshly collected seeds from 13 species of the genus Vellozia (Velloziaceae) that show different degrees of endemism, collected at various locations in the Espinhaço Mountain Range in Minas Gerais State, south-eastern Brazil. The size and mass of the seeds, as well as the influence of light and temperature on their germination, were measured. Experiments were performed in germination chambers under constant temperatures of 10–40°C (intervals of 5°C), with a 12-h photoperiod, as well as in continuous darkness. All species studied had small seeds with mass varying from 0.06 to 1.21 mg. Most species required light for germination, displaying high germinability in the range of 15–40°C; some species, however, germinated in the absence of light at the highest temperatures (35 and 40°C). The sizes and masses of the seeds showed significant linear correlations, but light sensitivity was not related to these seed characteristics. The responses observed suggest that light requirement for germination, associated with the small sizes of Vellozia spp. seeds, contribute to the formation of persistent seed banks. The observed tolerance of these seeds to a wide range of germination temperatures is consistent with the large daily temperature fluctuations experienced in campos rupestres sites, although these seed characteristics cannot by themselves explain the high degree of endemism or the restricted distributions observed among the species examined.