bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
Authors: Sengstock Christina , Diendorf Jörg , Epple Matthias , Schildhauer Thomas A , Köller Manfred 
Published: November 2014

Background: Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) are one of the fastest growing products in nano-medicine due to their enhanced antibacterial activity at the nanoscale level. In biomedicine, hundreds of products have been coated with Ag-NP. For example, various medical devices include silver, such as surgical instruments, bone implants and wound dressings. After the degradation of these materials, or depending on the coating technique, silver in nanoparticle or ion form can be released and may come into close contact with tissues and cells. Despite incorporation of Ag-NP as an antibacterial agent in different products, the toxicological and biological effects of silver in the human body after long-term and low-concentration exposure are not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the effects of both ionic and nanoparticulate silver on the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages and on the secretion of the respective differentiation markers adiponectin, osteocalcin and aggrecan.Results: As shown through laser scanning microscopy, Ag-NP with a size of 80 nm (hydrodynamic diameter) were taken up into hMSCs as nanoparticulate material. After 24 h of incubation, these Ag-NP were mainly found in the endo-lysosomal cell compartment as agglomerated material. Cytotoxicity was observed for differentiated or undifferentiated hMSCs treated with high silver concentrations (≥20 µg·mL−1 Ag-NP; ≥1.5 µg·mL−1 Ag+ ions) but not with low-concentration treatments (≤10 µg·mL−1 Ag-NP; ≤1.0 µg·mL−1 Ag+ ions). Subtoxic concentrations of Ag-NP and Ag+ ions impaired the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas chondrogenic differentiation was unaffected after 21 d of incubation. In contrast to aggrecan, the inhibitory effect of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation was confirmed by a decrease in the secretion of specific biomarkers, including adiponectin (adipocytes) and osteocalcin (osteoblasts).Conclusion: Aside from the well-studied antibacterial effect of silver, little is known about the influence of nano-silver on cell differentiation processes. Our results demonstrate that ionic or nanoparticulate silver attenuates the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs even at non-toxic concentrations. Therefore, more studies are needed to investigate the effects of silver species on cells at low concentrations during long-term treatment.
Coéducation et mixité : la polémique sur la gémination des écoles publiques dans le premier tiers du XX e siècle
Authors: Verneuil Yves 
Published: November 2014

Les « lois fondamentales » des années 1880 ont maintenu la séparation des sexes dans les écoles. Cependant, au début du XX e siècle, les pouvoirs publics encouragent les géminations d’écoles rurales à une classe. En 1905, le congrès des amicales d’instituteurs et d’institutrices prône par ailleurs une politique volontariste de coéducation. Confondant volontiers les deux projets, certains milieux catholiques vont s’élever contre une politique scolaire jugée à la fois illégale et immorale. Est dénoncée une entreprise « maçonnique » dont la finalité serait d’enlever sa pudeur à la jeune fille et ainsi de l’arracher à l’Église. S’appuyant sur les prescriptions épiscopales, ce combat devient un des chevaux de bataille de l’Union des associations catholiques de chefs de famille et suscite des tensions locales. Même si des divergences finissent par apparaître dans le camp catholique, la loi de 1933 ne met pas fin à ces polémiques. Et pourtant, son but est bien plutôt d’améliorer l’efficacité pédagogique des petites écoles rurales que de remettre en cause les rapports de genre.
« Strikingly French ». Martinique, agitation ouvrière et politique métropolitaine au tournant du siècle
Authors: Church Christopher 
Published: November 2014

En février 1900, la colonie de la Martinique a connu sa première grève générale, exploitée à Paris par la gauche comme par la droite dans leur lutte pour le contrôle de la Chambre des députés. Les socialistes y ont cherché des arguments dans leurs débats internes face au gouvernement de défense républicaine ; les modérés et réformistes se sont appuyés sur elle pour mettre en évidence les fautes administratives commises en métropole ; et la droite a saisi l’occasion de remettre en question le programme de République sociale et discréditer le gouvernement Waldeck-Rousseau. Il s’en est fallu de peu que ces troubles civils, générés par une économie sucrière déclinante sur l’île lointaine de Martinique, ne parviennent à provoquer la chute du gouvernement, sur fond de débats très vifs au sujet des conflits de travail. Comme le montre cet article, l’ancienne colonie de la Martinique et ses préoccupations sociales ont aussi participé et aidé à façonner une France fin-de-siècle en proie aux querelles parlementaires et confrontée à une demande croissante d’égalité sociale.
Comparative Study to Develop a Tool for the Quality Assessment of Serious Games Intended to be Used in Education
Authors: El Borji Yassine , Khaldi Mohamed 
Published: November 2014

Serious games are present today in several fields such as education, government, health, defense, industry, civil security and science. In our research we are particularly interested in serious games used in education since they have become an essential part of the learning process and one of the main pedagogical tools used for diffusion of educational messages. So the use of serious games in an educational context can motivate students and stimulate their interest as they fit into a world they know and in which they feel comfortable. But the real issue is that they have not been exploited to their full potential in order to ensure efficient use in education.
This work tries to meet this issue. It is interested in contributing to the knowledge of serious games as well as to promote their use in educational field. Based on the metadata schema «SG-LOM» to formally describe serious games and other comparative study, we suggest examining pedagogical, Playful and Technical criteria to conduct this study which aims to develop an assessment and analysis grid of the quality of serious games intended to be used in educational field.
Degree-day models for development of the dung beetles Onthophagus nuchicornis, O. taurus, and Digitonthophagus gazella (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), and the likelihood of O. taurus establishment in southern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Floate K.D. , Watson D.W. , Coghlin P. , Olfert O. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThree studies were performed to assess the likelihood of establishing the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus (Schreber) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in southern Alberta, Canada. This European species was first reported in Florida in the 1970s and now occurs as far north as Michigan, United States of America. Its ability to establish in Canada is unknown, but is desired to accelerate the degradation of cattle dung on pastures. The first study examined egg-to-adult development at temperatures of 10–32 °C (in increments of 2 °C) to develop degree-day models for O. taurus and for two other closely related species of dung beetles. Onthophagus nuchicornis (Linnaeus), used as a positive control, is a European species common across Canada. Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius), used as a negative control, is an Afro-Asian species whose distribution is restricted in North America to the southern United States of America. The second study examined the overwintering ability of O. taurus and D. gazella in outdoor field cages. The third study compared climate parameters between southern Alberta and the northernmost recorded distribution of O. taurus. Results combined across the three studies show that O. taurus can complete egg-to-adult development and overwinter in southern Alberta. However, high overwintering mortality is predicted to prevent establishment of O. taurus in the region.
Incidence and Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries to College Ultimate Players
Authors: Swedler David I. , Nuwer Jamie M. , Nazarov Anna , Huo Samantha C. , Malevanchik Lev 
Published: November 2014

Context
The burden of injuries to college ultimate players has never been fully described.

Objective
To quantify the injury rate in ultimate players and describe the diagnoses, anatomic locations, and mechanisms of injuries.

Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting
College ultimate teams in the United States during the 2012 season.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Initial injury rate per 1000 athlete-exposures.

Results
The initial injury rate in college ultimate players was 12.64 per 1000 athlete-exposures; the rate did not differ between men and women (P = .5). Bivariate analysis indicated that injuries occurred twice as often during games as during practices, men were more likely than women to be injured when laying out for the disc, and men were more likely to incur strains and sprains than women.

Conclusions
Injury patterns to college ultimate players were similar to those for athletes in other National Collegiate Athletic Association sports. This is the first study to systematically describe injuries to ultimate players.
Information and Communication Technology Use in Education: Emphasis on the Impact of Asynchronous Media
Authors: Oduma CA 
Published: November 2014

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use in education is an innovation in the system to foster efficiency in teaching and learning. ICTs and their utilization is one of the most pertinent issues in the education industry today. This paper thus focused on ICT use in education with emphasis on the impact of asynchronous media in education system. Asynchronous ICT media is perceived here to include those teaching and learning electronic gadgets that allow participants in the learning process to be at different times and different places. Asynchronous learning resources are therefore used to facilitate information sharing among a network of people. The paper pointed out specific impact of asynchronous ICT media in distance education. This piece equally reviewed the various types ofICT driven learning, the roles and weaknesses of ICT in education as well as the barriers to the application of ICT in education. The paper concluded that the challenge of the knowledge society through ICT is a significant area that is propelling the use of ICT in education. The paper finally noted that the struggle to be part of the digital world is obvious in the knowledge society, therefore, government and in fact, education authorities should endeavour to provide ICT in Nigeria school system.
The Role of Literature Education in Curbing Violence: A focus on John Pepper Clark’s “The Casualties”
Authors: Nnaji PO 
Published: November 2014

This paper centres on the role of Literature Education in curbing violence. It explores John Pepper Clark.s ¡°The Casualties¡± as an instrument of preaching peace. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the ongoing academic discourse on the issue of violence in the society. No one can say the exact cause of violence but the people.s prayer is how it can be brought to an end. The researcher is of the view that moral education is the answer. One of the goals of Literature Education according to (Uwaifo 1979) is: to expose the learners through reading to varied valuable experience which may contribute to their emotional, social and moral judgment. A warning against violence is not only seen in the poem.s subject matter but also seen in its tone and poetic devices.
Confronting the Challenges Facing the Nigerian Nation State: Using Sports as Agent of Unification
Authors: Ezike CO 
Published: November 2014

This paper explains the concept of nation-state and sports. It critically examines some of the challenges characterizing Nigerian nation state such as ethnicity, corruption, politics of godfatherisms, tribalism, language differences, and religious crises among others. It emphasizes the use of sports for creating of friendship across different tribal groupings and inculcation of appropriate values such as patriotism, honesty, discipline love which help in achievement and national ideals and goals. The paper concludes that the state and federal government investment in sports will not only comment national unity but will also reduce social vices such as drug abuse, armed robbery, trafficking in human persons etc.
The Dilemma of Local Government at Work in Nigeria
Authors: Tonwe DA , Eke SJ 
Published: November 2014

This paper attempts a scan of local government at work in Nigeria in the critical areas of revenue generation, budgeting, development planning, provision of services, and community mobilization. The study reveals that the third tier of government in Nigeria is still characterised by low revenue generation ability, inability to provide adequate services and amenities both in quantitative and qualitative terms, tendency to prepare ambitious budgets, inability to avail of the benefits of development planning and to live up to the expectations of their clientele. For the citizenry at large, especially the illiterate and rural communities that form the bulk of the population of the local governments in many cases, there is a great deal of frustration arising from the poor performance of local governments in the country over the years. This situation is not peculiar to Nigeria alone. Similar scenario is witnessed in other developing countries. The Nigerian case however provides us facts which when analysed provide us pathological clues to the maladies afflicting local governments in less developed countries. Key words: local government; revenue generation; budgeting, development planning; community mobilization
Mechanism of Economic Empowerment and Development in Nigeria: A Discourse
Authors: Alika IJ , Aibieyi S 
Published: November 2014

Nigeria and indeed Nigerians have been at the throes of development arising from poverty the people have been subjected over the years by the various regimes in Nigeria. Consequently, the drift of youths to urban cities from the rural areas has been the resultant effect in order to earn a living or to improve living standard in the cities. The paper examines the mechanism being put in place by the Federal government in Nigeria to alleviate the sufferings of the people aftermath of the poverty in the country, by public administration led by Chief Olusegun Obasanjo in the fourth republic which began in 2004. The mechanism to confront the situation which formed the basis of the study is known as “National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategies” (NEEDS) launched in May, 2004. The research adopted the non-experimental survey method using the secondary source of data collection for the materials used in the work. The objectives of the paper attempts to explicate on the objectives ofNEEDS, the concept of economic empowerment, the policy thrusts of NEEDS, the strategies for employment generation, the institutional framework of NEEDS and the implementation and performance of NEEDS. It was discovered in the course of the study that the mechanism has a robust programme embedded in NEEDS to tackle the problem of poverty among the people, especially the youths but implementation was found to be the impediment to the programme in order to achieve more. The paper concludes with a call to the leaders of the nation to have a willing mind to work for the general wellbeing of the people putting politics aside.Key words: poverty, mechanism development, strategies, programme
First Trimester
Authors: Machado LE , Raga F , Bonilla F , Bonilla-Musoles Fernando , Castillo JC , Caballero O , Esquembre MJ 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis article shows week by week the embryonic and fetal images appeared during the development using HDlive.We show in this chapter different images of normal and pathological fetuses till the 14th gestational week. As said before, HDlive improves image quality compared to 3D/4D.How to cite this articleBonilla-Musoles F, Esquembre MJ, Bonilla F Jr, Raga F, Castillo JC, Machado LE, Caballero O. First Trimester. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(3):239-249.
HDlive Study of Fetal Development and Behavior
Authors: Tanaka Hirokazu , Hata Toshiyuki , Uematsu Rina 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
We present the latest HDlive studies of fetal development and behavior during pregnancy. Marked changes of embryonic and fetal development and movement with advancing gestation were noted in the first trimester of pregnancy. Various realistic facial expressions (or facial movements) were recognized in the second and third trimesters. In particular, blinking, mouthing, swallowing, yawning, tongue expulsion, and sucking were clearly depicted. Moreover, various extraordinarily realistic features of fetal emotion-like behavior were identified. HDlive observation of fetal behavior and facial expressions may reflect the normal and abnormal neurological development of the fetus. HDlive may become an important modality in future research on fetal neurobehavioral development and assist in evaluation of the fetal brain function.

How to cite this article
Hata T, Kanenishi K, Hanaoka U, Uematsu R, Marumo G, Tanaka H. HDlive Study of Fetal Development and Behavior. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(3):250-265.
Assessment of Long-Acting Reversible Intrauterine Contraceptives by using HDlive Technique
Authors: Machado LE , Raga F , Bonilla F , Bonilla-Musoles Fernando , Castillo JC , Caballero O , Esquembre MJ 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
The different IUDs types (Mirena, Copper T and Ancora) are shown using HDlive. This new technology allows a better vision of the levonorgestrel IUD, extremely difficult to observe with 2D.

How to cite this article
Bonilla-Musoles F, Raga F, Caballero O, Esquembre MJ, Bonilla F Jr, Castillo JC, Machado LE. Assessment of Long-Acting Reversible Intrauterine Contraceptives by using HDlive Technique. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(3):273-277.
Pathognomonic Landmark of Mature Cystic Ovarian Teratomas in HDlive Ultrasound
Authors: Machado LE , Raga F , Bonilla F , Bonilla-Musoles Fernando , Castillo JC , Caballero O , Esquembre MJ , Clodoaldo C 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTMature cystic ovarian teratomas are the most common benign ovarian tumors. For their diagnosis, the following ultrasound (US) images can be considered as pathognomonic:• A cystic lesion (unilocular, very frequent, or multiple, with a densely echogenic tubercle (Rokitansky nodule).• A diffuse or partially echogenic mass with the echogenic area usually demonstrating sound attenuation.• The ‘iceberg’ sign, very similar to the ‘sound attenuation’ sign.• Fluid-fluid/fat-fluid level. Fluid-fluid levels, or fat-fluid interface, result from sebum floating above aqueous, which appears more echogenic than the sebum layer.• Dermoid mesh with hyperechoic calcifications indicating the presence of bone, teeth, or other ectodermal derivate.• Multiple mobile spherical structures (fat balls).How to cite this articleBonilla-Musoles F, Raga F, Bonilla F Jr, Esquembre MJ, Castillo JC, Caballero O, Clodoaldo C, Machado LE. Pathognomonic Landmark of Mature Cystic Ovarian Teratomas in HDlive Ultrasound. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(3):278-287.
The Role of 2D and 3D Ultrasound in Evaluation of Fetal Gastrointestinal Anomalies
Authors: Zaputovic Sanja , Plavsic Sanja Kupesic , Stanojevic Milan , Hughes Mallory K , Plavsic Branko M 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate the role of second mid-trimester ultrasound in prenatal detection of gastrointestinal (GI) fetal anomalies and compare the ultrasonographic findings with postnatal diagnosis.Materials and methodsA 5-year retrospective study included 16,334 neonates delivered at a tertiary referral center. All neonates were evaluated by a second mid-trimester 2D ultrasound fetal anatomy scan. Patients with abnormal findings on 2D scan were also examined by 3D ultrasound. Postnatally confirmed GI anomalies were compared with prenatal ultrasound assessment of two sections of fetal abdomen which had analyzed the presence, size and position of the stomach, umbilical cord insertion and have assessed the amniotic fluid index (AFI).ResultsPrenatal ultrasound revealed 28 out of 38 fetal GI anomalies (73.6%). All GI anomalies initially diagnosed with 2D ultrasound were confirmed by 3D ultrasound. The major advantage of multiplanar imaging was more comprehensive anatomical information about GI anomalies. Surface rendering provided additional information in evaluating fetuses with anterior abdominal wall defects.ConclusionOur data indicate that standard planes obtained by 2D ultrasound can rule out a majority of fetal GI anomalies. Assessment of AFI should be an integral part of prenatal ultrasound scan in detection of GI anomalies, particularly in GI obstruction.How to cite this articleStanojevic M, Hughes MK, Zaputovic S, Kupesic Plavsic S, Plavsic BM. The Role of 2D and 3D Ultrasound in Evaluation of Fetal Gastrointestinal Anomalies. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(3):316-320.
Development of Additional Tasks for the Executive Function Performance Test
Authors: Hahn Bridget , Baum Carolyn , Moore Jennifer , Ehrlich-Jones Linda , Spoeri Susan , Doherty Meghan , Wolf Timothy J. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The Executive Function Performance Test (EFPT) is a reliable and valid performance-based assessment of executive function for people with stroke. The objective of this study was to enhance the clinical utility of the EFPT by developing and testing additional tasks for the EFPT in the Alternate EFPT (aEFPT).
METHOD. We performed a cross-sectional study with poststroke participants (n = 25) and healthy control participants (n = 25). All participants completed a neuropsychological assessment battery and both the EFPT and the aEFPT.
RESULTS. No statistically significant differences were found between the EFPT and the aEFPT when examining total scores, construct scores, and two overall task scores. Correlations between the aEFPT and the neuropsychological measures were adequate to strong (r2s = .59–.83).
CONCLUSION. The aEFPT tasks are comparable to the original EFPT tasks, providing occupational therapy practitioners with additional tasks that can be used clinically to identify performance-based executive function deficits in people with stroke.
Effect of an Occupation-Focused Family Intervention on Change in Parents’ Time Use and Children’s Body Mass Index
Authors: Orban Kristina , Erlandsson Lena-Karin , Edberg Anna-Karin , Önnerfält Jenny , Thorngren-Jerneck Kristina 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study explored factors related to changes in the time parents spent with their children with obesity and associated decreases in children’s body mass index (BMI) z-scores after an occupation-focused intervention.
METHOD. Parents participated in a 1-yr occupation-focused intervention to promote healthy family lifestyles. Data on 40 parents of 22 children with obesity ages 4–6 yr were collected before and after intervention and analyzed using linear and multiple regression methods.
RESULTS. Parents increased time spent with their children by an average of 91 min/day. Parents’ finances, perceived satisfaction in daily occupations, low BMI, and mastery at inclusion were associated with increased time spent with their children. Mothers’ subjective health and high mastery and fathers’ perceived occupational value and education explained 67% of the variance in children’s BMI z-scores.
CONCLUSION. The results indicate important factors to consider in developing interventions that facilitate occupational engagement and health among children with obesity and their families.