bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐Fire Sediment Yield From a Central California Watershed: Field Measurements and Validation of the WEPP Model
Authors: East Amy E. , Logan Joshua B. , Dow Helen W. , Smith Douglas P. , Iampietro Pat , Warrick Jonathan A. , Lorenson Thomas D. , Hallas Leticia , Kozlowicz Benjamin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn a warming climate, an intensifying fire regime and higher likelihood of extreme rain are expected to increase watershed sediment yield in many regions. Understanding regional variability in landscape response to fire and post‐fire rainfall is essential for managing water resources and infrastructure. We measured sediment yield resulting from sequential wildfire and extreme rain and flooding in the upper Carmel River watershed (116 km2), on the central California coast, USA, using changes in sediment volume mapped in a reservoir. We determined that the sediment yield after fire and post‐fire flooding was 854–1,100 t/km2/yr, a factor of 3.5–4.6 greater than the long‐term yield from this watershed and more than an order of magnitude greater than during severe drought conditions. In this first large‐scale field validation test of the WEPPcloud/wepppy framework for the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model on a burned landscape, WEPP predicted 81%–106% of the measured sediment yield. These findings will facilitate assessing and predicting future fire effects in steep watersheds with a Mediterranean climate and indicate that the increasingly widespread use of WEPP is appropriate for evaluating post‐fire hillslope erosion even across 100‐km2 scales under conditions without debris flows.
On the Origin of the Hawaiian Swell: Lithosphere and Asthenosphere Seismic Structure From Rayleigh Wave Dispersion
Authors: Chen Kai‐Xun , Forsyth Donald W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, we revisit the shear‐wave velocity structure of the lithosphere and asthenosphere surrounding the Hawaiian hotspot and Hawaiian swell using Rayleigh wave data spanning periods of 20–125 s from the PLUME project. A primary goal of this investigation is to probe the origin of the Hawaiian swell and the mechanism that elevates the topography, providing insights into mantle dynamics beneath hotspot swells. In the shear velocity model, the 30–70 km depth range is largely featureless with weak and local anomalies, indicating that the elevation of the Hawaiian swell cannot be attributed to upper lithospheric reheating or replacement. In contrast, at 80–150 km depth, a pronounced region of anomalously low velocities is well‐resolved, with the lowest velocities found beneath the Hawaii‐Maui‐Molokai part of the island chain. Minimum shear velocities are approximately 4.0 km/s at 100–120 km depth, which is an ∼8%‐10% velocity decrease relative to the surrounding velocities away from the swell. This pattern suggests that hot, buoyant mantle from deeper plume sources laterally spread out near the top of the normal oceanic asthenosphere. We find that the low‐velocity pattern in the asthenosphere exhibits a strong correlation with the overall shape of the Hawaiian swell topography. Assuming that density anomalies are proportional to shear velocity anomalies, we demonstrate that the anomalous elevation of the swell can be explained by the uplift of a 30‐km‐thick elastic plate loaded from below by this buoyant, low‐seismic‐velocity layer in the asthenosphere.
Enteral plasma feeding improves gut function and immunity in piglets after birth asphyxia
Authors: Nordsten Mads Jacob Bagi , Winther Christina L. , Haugaard Maria Mathilde , Skovgaard Kerstin , Thymann Thomas , Sangild Per T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Birth asphyxia may negatively affect gut function and immunity in newborns. Conversely, immunomodulatory milk diets may protect the gut and immune system against damage caused by asphyxia. Using caesarean-derived pigs as models, we hypothesised that enteral feeding with plasma improves gut and immune functions in asphyxiated newborns.

Methods
Near-term pig fetuses (98% gestation,) were delivered by caesarean section after 8 min umbilical cord occlusion, leading to transient birth asphyxia (ASP, n = 75) and compared with non-occluded controls (CON, n = 69). Piglets were further randomised to supplementation with/without porcine plasma (plasma, PLA/vehicle, VEH), into bovine colostrum (first 24 h) or formula (until 72 h).

Results
Compared with CON, ASP piglets took longer to achieve stable respiration and showed reduced blood pH, weight gain and survival. Independent of asphyxia, plasma supplementation reduced gut haemorrhagic lesions, permeability and inflammatory cytokines together with improved villous morphology and brush-border enzyme activities. Asphyxia reduced blood cytokine responses to ex vivo bacterial stimulation, whereas plasma supplementation ameliorated this effect.

Conclusion
Dietary plasma supplementation improves survival, gut functions and immunity in both normal and asphyxiated newborns. The components in plasma that mediate gut-protective effects in piglets remain to be identified, but may benefit also birth-compromised newborn infants.

Impact

Complicated deliveries leading to birth asphyxia, may negatively affect gut, liver and immune adaptation in the first days after birth.

Using a model of birth asphyxia in caesarean-derived piglets, we show that enteral feeding with maternal plasma exerts gut maturational and immunomodulatory effects in both control and asphyxiated animals in the first days of life.

The mechanisms behind the gut-protective effects of plasma are unknown, but plasma components hold potential for new oral therapies for compromised newborn infants as well as piglets.
Exploring the impact of oral health on the quality of life in older patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Al Shammary Nawaf H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the significant impact of oral health on the quality of life of older individuals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, across various socioeconomic and demographic contexts.

Methods
A cross- sectional study was conducted, involving the distribution of a translated online questionnaire based on the OHQoL-UK® tool to evaluate oral health-related quality of life OHRQoL. This included utilizing the Oral Health Quality of Life Scale to assess overall quality of life.

Results
A total of 586 participants were involved in the study, with the majority being over 60 years old (77.1%). The mean score of OHRQoL was 3.79. The Social Dental Scale SDS had a mean score of 0.71. The General Oral Health Assessment GOHS scored 3.51 on average. The mean score of Dental Impact Profile DIP was 3.12. The Subjective Oral Health Status Indicators SOHSIs had a mean score of 3.82. The mean score of Oral Health Benefit of Life Inventory OHBLI averaged at 4.04, and Dental Impact on Daily Living DIDL scored an average of 4.05. The mean scores of OHRQoL and Oral Impacts on Daily Performance OIDP were 3.90 and 3.89 respectively. Cronbach’s Alpha values ranged from 0.854 to 0.939, with an overall questionnaire reliability of 0.977, indicating a good reliability of the study’s tool.

Conclusion
Older adults exhibited lower OHRQoL compared to younger adults, particularly influenced by factors such as health insurance coverage, monthly income, and educational level. It is essential to develop health programs specifically tailored for senior adults to safeguard their overall health and quality of life. Making health and medical insurance obligatory and accessible to all individuals is crucial for enhancing their QoL and reducing the diseases.
High temperature sensitivity of Arctic isoprene emissions explained by sedges
Authors: Wang Hui , Welch Allison M. , Nagalingam Sanjeevi , Leong Christopher , Czimczik Claudia I. , Tang Jing , Seco Roger , Rinnan Riikka , Vettikkat Lejish , Schobesberger Siegfried , Holst Thomas , Brijesh Shobhit , Sheesley Rebecca J. , Barsanti Kelley C. , Guenther Alex B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIt has been widely reported that isoprene emissions from the Arctic ecosystem have a strong temperature response. Here we identify sedges (Carex spp. and Eriophorum spp.) as key contributors to this high sensitivity using plant chamber experiments. We observe that sedges exhibit a markedly stronger temperature response compared to that of other isoprene emitters and predictions by the widely accepted isoprene emission model, the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN). MEGAN is able to reproduce eddy-covariance flux observations at three high-latitude sites by integrating our findings. Furthermore, the omission of the strong temperature responses of Arctic isoprene emitters causes a 20% underestimation of isoprene emissions for the high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere during 2000-2009 in the Community Land Model with the MEGAN scheme. We also find that the existing model had underestimated the long-term trend of isoprene emissions from 1960 to 2009 by 55% for the high-latitude regions.
The genetic evolution of acral melanoma
Authors: Wang Meng , Fukushima Satoshi , Sheen Yi-Shuan , Ramelyte Egle , Cruz-Pacheco Noel , Shi Chenxu , Liu Shanshan , Banik Ishani , Aquino Jamie D. , Sangueza Acosta Martin , Levesque Mitchell , Dummer Reinhard , Liau Jau-Yu , Chu Chia-Yu , Shain A. Hunter , Yeh Iwei , Bastian Boris C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAcral melanoma is an aggressive type of melanoma with unknown origins. It is the most common type of melanoma in individuals with dark skin and is notoriously challenging to treat. We examine exome sequencing data of 139 tissue samples, spanning different progression stages, from 37 patients. We find that 78.4% of the melanomas display clustered copy number transitions with focal amplifications, recurring predominantly on chromosomes 5, 11, 12, and 22. These complex genomic aberrations are typically shared across all progression stages of individual patients. TERT activating alterations also arise early, whereas MAP-kinase pathway mutations appear later, an inverted order compared to the canonical evolution. The punctuated formation of complex aberrations and early TERT activation suggest a unique mutational mechanism that initiates acral melanoma. The marked intratumoral heterogeneity, especially concerning MAP-kinase pathway mutations, may partly explain the limited success of therapies for this melanoma subtype.
Coherence-controlled chaotic soliton bunch
Authors: Zhang Ze-Xian , Luo Min , Liu Jia-Hao , Yang Yi-Tao , Li Ti-Jian , Liu Meng , Luo Ai-Ping , Xu Wen-Cheng , Luo Zhi-Chao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractControlling the coherence of chaotic soliton bunch holds the promise to explore novel light-matter interactions and manipulate dynamic events such as rogue waves. However, the coherence control of chaotic soliton bunch remains challenging, as there is a lack of dynamic equilibrium mechanism for stochastic soliton interactions. Here, we develop a strategy to effectively control the coherence of chaotic soliton bunch in a laser. We show that by introducing a lumped fourth-order-dispersion (FOD), the soliton oscillating tails can be formed and generate the potential barriers among the chaotic solitons. The repulsive force between neighboring solitons enabled by the potential barriers gives rise to an alleviation of the soliton fusion/annihilation from stochastic interactions, endowing the capability to control the coherence in chaotic soliton bunch. We envision that this result provides a promising test-bed for a variety of dynamical complexity science and brings new insights into the nonlinear behavior of chaotic laser sources.
Host cell CRISPR genomics and modelling reveal shared metabolic vulnerabilities in the intracellular development of Plasmodium falciparum and related hemoparasites
Authors: Maurizio Marina , Masid Maria , Woods Kerry , Caldelari Reto , Doench John G. , Naguleswaran Arunasalam , Joly Denis , González-Fernández Martín , Zemp Jonas , Borteele Mélanie , Hatzimanikatis Vassily , Heussler Volker , Rottenberg Sven , Olias Philipp 
Published: July 2024

AbstractParasitic diseases, particularly malaria (caused by Plasmodium falciparum) and theileriosis (caused by Theileria spp.), profoundly impact global health and the socioeconomic well-being of lower-income countries. Despite recent advances, identifying host metabolic proteins essential for these auxotrophic pathogens remains challenging. Here, we generate a novel metabolic model of human hepatocytes infected with P. falciparum and integrate it with a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen targeting Theileria-infected cells to pinpoint shared vulnerabilities. We identify key host metabolic enzymes critical for the intracellular survival of both of these lethal hemoparasites. Remarkably, among the metabolic proteins identified by our synergistic approach, we find that host purine and heme biosynthetic enzymes are essential for the intracellular survival of P. falciparum and Theileria, while other host enzymes are only essential under certain metabolic conditions, highlighting P. falciparum’s adaptability and ability to scavenge nutrients selectively. Unexpectedly, host porphyrins emerge as being essential for both parasites. The shared vulnerabilities open new avenues for developing more effective therapies against these debilitating diseases, with the potential for broader applicability in combating apicomplexan infections.
Multi-domain interaction mediated strength-building in human α-actinin dimers unveiled by direct single-molecule quantification
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Du Jingyi , Liu Xian , Shang Fei , Deng Yunxin , Ye Jiaqing , Wang Yukai , Yan Jie , Chen Hu , Yu Miao , Le Shimin 
Published: July 2024

Abstractα-Actinins play crucial roles in cytoskeletal mechanobiology by acting as force-bearing structural modules that orchestrate and sustain the cytoskeletal framework, serving as pivotal hubs for diverse mechanosensing proteins. The mechanical stability of α-actinin dimer, a determinant of its functional state, remains largely unexplored. Here, we directly quantify the force-dependent lifetimes of homo- and hetero-dimers of human α-actinins, revealing an ultra-high mechanical stability of the dimers associated with > 100 seconds lifetime within 40 pN forces under shear-stretching geometry. Intriguingly, we uncover that the strong dimer stability is arisen from much weaker sub-domain pair interactions, suggesting the existence of distinct dimerized functional states of the dimer, spanning a spectrum of mechanical stability, with the spectrin repeats (SRs) in folded or unfolded conformation. In essence, our study supports a potent mechanism for building strength in biomolecular dimers through weak, multiple sub-domain interactions, and illuminates multifaceted roles of α-actinin dimers in cytoskeletal mechanics and mechanotransduction.
Glutathione synthesis in the mouse liver supports lipid abundance through NRF2 repression
Authors: Asantewaa Gloria , Tuttle Emily T. , Ward Nathan P. , Kang Yun Pyo , Kim Yumi , Kavanagh Madeline E. , Girnius Nomeda , Chen Ying , Rodriguez Katherine , Hecht Fabio , Zocchi Marco , Smorodintsev-Schiller Leonid , Scales TashJaé Q. , Taylor Kira , Alimohammadi Fatemeh , Duncan Renae P. , Sechrist Zachary R. , Agostini-Vulaj Diana , Schafer Xenia L. , Chang Hayley , Smith Zachary R. , O’Connor Thomas N. , Whelan Sarah , Selfors Laura M. , Crowdis Jett , Gray G. Kenneth , Bronson Roderick T. , Brenner Dirk , Rufini Alessandro , Dirksen Robert T. , Hezel Aram F. , Huber Aaron R. , Munger Joshua , Cravatt Benjamin F. , Vasiliou Vasilis , Cole Calvin L. , DeNicola Gina M. , Harris Isaac S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCells rely on antioxidants to survive. The most abundant antioxidant is glutathione (GSH). The synthesis of GSH is non-redundantly controlled by the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). GSH imbalance is implicated in many diseases, but the requirement for GSH in adult tissues is unclear. To interrogate this, we have developed a series of in vivo models to induce Gclc deletion in adult animals. We find that GSH is essential to lipid abundance in vivo. GSH levels are highest in liver tissue, which is also a hub for lipid production. While the loss of GSH does not cause liver failure, it decreases lipogenic enzyme expression, circulating triglyceride levels, and fat stores. Mechanistically, we find that GSH promotes lipid abundance by repressing NRF2, a transcription factor induced by oxidative stress. These studies identify GSH as a fulcrum in the liver’s balance of redox buffering and triglyceride production.
Ultra-low power carbon nanotube/porphyrin synaptic arrays for persistent photoconductivity and neuromorphic computing
Authors: Yao Jian , Wang Qinan , Zhang Yong , Teng Yu , Li Jing , Zhao Pin , Zhao Chun , Hu Ziyi , Shen Zongjie , Liu Liwei , Tian Dan , Qiu Song , Wang Zhongrui , Kang Lixing , Li Qingwen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping devices with a wide-temperature range persistent photoconductivity (PPC) and ultra-low power consumption remains a significant challenge for optical synaptic devices used in neuromorphic computing. By harnessing the PPC properties in materials, it can achieve optical storage and neuromorphic computing, surpassing the von Neuman architecture-based systems. However, previous research implemented PPC required additional gate voltages and low temperatures, which need additional energy consumption and PPC cannot be achieved across a wide temperature range. Here, we fabricated a simple heterojunctions using zinc(II)-meso-tetraphenyl porphyrin (ZnTPP) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). By leveraging the strong binding energy at the heterojunction interface and the unique band structure, the heterojunction achieved PPC over an exceptionally wide temperature range (77 K-400 K). Remarkably, it demonstrated nonvolatile storage for up to 2×104 s, without additional gate voltage. The minimum energy consumption for each synaptic event is as low as 6.5 aJ. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrate the feasibility to manufacture a flexible wafer-scale array utilizing this heterojunction. We applied it to autonomous driving under extreme temperatures and achieved as a high impressive accuracy rate as 94.5%. This tunable and stable wide-temperature PPC capability holds promise for ultra-low-power neuromorphic computing.
The AKT2/SIRT5/TFEB pathway as a potential therapeutic target in non-neovascular AMD
Authors: Ghosh Sayan , Sharma Ruchi , Bammidi Sridhar , Koontz Victoria , Nemani Mihir , Yazdankhah Meysam , Kedziora Katarzyna M. , Stolz Donna Beer , Wallace Callen T. , Yu-Wei Cheng , Franks Jonathan , Bose Devika , Shang Peng , Ambrosino Helena M. , Dutton James R. , Geng Zhaohui , Montford Jair , Ryu Jiwon , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , Hose Stacey , Sahel José-Alain , Puertollano Rosa , Finkel Toren , Zigler J. Samuel , Sergeev Yuri , Watkins Simon C. , Goetzman Eric S. , Ferrington Deborah A. , Flores-Bellver Miguel , Kaarniranta Kai , Sodhi Akrit , Bharti Kapil , Handa James T. , Sinha Debasish 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNon-neovascular or dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multi-factorial disease with degeneration of the aging retinal-pigmented epithelium (RPE). Lysosomes play a crucial role in RPE health via phagocytosis and autophagy, which are regulated by transcription factor EB/E3 (TFEB/E3). Here, we find that increased AKT2 inhibits PGC-1α to downregulate SIRT5, which we identify as an AKT2 binding partner. Crosstalk between SIRT5 and AKT2 facilitates TFEB-dependent lysosomal function in the RPE. AKT2/SIRT5/TFEB pathway inhibition in the RPE induced lysosome/autophagy signaling abnormalities, disrupted mitochondrial function and induced release of debris contributing to drusen. Accordingly, AKT2 overexpression in the RPE caused a dry AMD-like phenotype in aging Akt2 KI mice, as evident from decline in retinal function. Importantly, we show that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE encoding the major risk variant associated with AMD (complement factor H; CFH Y402H) express increased AKT2, impairing TFEB/TFE3-dependent lysosomal function. Collectively, these findings suggest that targeting the AKT2/SIRT5/TFEB pathway may be an effective therapy to delay the progression of dry AMD.
ER calcium depletion as a key driver for impaired ER-to-mitochondria calcium transfer and mitochondrial dysfunction in Wolfram syndrome
Authors: Liiv Mailis , Vaarmann Annika , Safiulina Dzhamilja , Choubey Vinay , Gupta Ruby , Kuum Malle , Janickova Lucia , Hodurova Zuzana , Cagalinec Michal , Zeb Akbar , Hickey Miriam A. , Huang Yi-Long , Gogichaishvili Nana , Mandel Merle , Plaas Mario , Vasar Eero , Loncke Jens , Vervliet Tim , Tsai Ting-Fen , Bultynck Geert , Veksler Vladimir , Kaasik Allen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWolfram syndrome is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the WFS1 or CISD2 gene. A primary defect in Wolfram syndrome involves poor ER Ca2+ handling, but how this disturbance leads to the disease is not known. The current study, performed in primary neurons, the most affected and disease-relevant cells, involving both Wolfram syndrome genes, explains how the disturbed ER Ca2+ handling compromises mitochondrial function and affects neuronal health. Loss of ER Ca2+ content and impaired ER-mitochondrial contact sites in the WFS1- or CISD2-deficient neurons is associated with lower IP3R-mediated Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria and decreased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. In turn, reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ content inhibits mitochondrial ATP production leading to an increased NADH/NAD+ ratio. The resulting bioenergetic deficit and reductive stress compromise the health of the neurons. Our work also identifies pharmacological targets and compounds that restore Ca2+ homeostasis, enhance mitochondrial function and improve neuronal health.
Systemic delivery of full-length dystrophin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy mice
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Zhang Chen , Xiao Weidong , Herzog Roland W. , Han Renzhi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurrent gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) utilizes adeno-associated virus (AAV) to deliver micro-dystrophin (µDys), which does not provide full protection for striated muscles as it lacks many important functional domains of full-length (FL) dystrophin. Here we develop a triple vector system to deliver FL-dystrophin into skeletal and cardiac muscles. We split FL-dystrophin into three fragments linked to two orthogonal pairs of split intein, allowing efficient assembly of FL-dystrophin. The three fragments packaged in myotropic AAV (MyoAAV4A) restore FL-dystrophin expression in both skeletal and cardiac muscles in male mdx4cv mice. Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex components are also restored at the sarcolemma of dystrophic muscles. MyoAAV4A-delivered FL-dystrophin significantly improves muscle histopathology, contractility, and overall strength comparable to µDys, but unlike µDys, it also restores defective cavin 4 localization and associated signaling in mdx4cv heart. Therefore, our data support the feasibility of a mutation-independent FL-dystrophin gene therapy for DMD, warranting further clinical development.