bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herbal Formulation of High Phenols and Flavonoids with the Extract of Phyllanthus emblica, Punica granatum, and Illicium verum and Assessment of Hematotoxicity Assay: An In vitro Study
Authors: Rupashri S. V. , Selvaganesh Sahana , Eahwaramoorthy Rajalakshmanan , Nesappan Thiyaneswaran 
Published: July 2024

Background:
A growing number of consumers are embracing the philosophy that natural products are better for their health and the environment. As such, they are seeking products they perceive to be safer, healthier, and without toxic chemical or synthetic ingredients. Natural products are gentle enough for daily use and provide a less abrasive alternative to more potent prescription formulations meant for short-term use. Herbal antimicrobial and antioxidant mouth rinses are considered effective adjuncts to toothbrushing and flossing for patients having gingivitis who have undergone implant treatment, providing a clinically significant benefit in the reduction of dental plaque, and also being antioxidant in nature.

Materials and Methods:
Three types of plant species were taken into consideration. Phyllanthus emblica fruit, Punica granatum flower, and Illicium verum fruit and seed were collected from the native trees of Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

Results and Conclusion:
We conclude that P. emblica fruit, P. granatum flower, and I. verum fruit and seed exhibit large amounts of flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins. This study also shows that these samples can be used in clinical practice as it has less hematotoxixity percentage. P. granatum that is a pomegranate flower shows a high positive percentage in the presence of flavonoids and phenols. These plant extracts can be used in further studies and in clinical use as mouthwash or topical gel by adding preservatives and flavoring agents.
Evaluation of Bone Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Singh Harjeet , Kumar Visesh , Singh Ajay Kumar , Chaudhary Surbhi 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has affected over 387 million patients globally, expected to reach 592 million by the end of 2035. It is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia caused by either insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, or both.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was designed to estimate the levels of different bone markers; serum Vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, and calcium in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). The study was conducted on patients aged 20–50 years diagnosed with T2DM, who were attending the outpatient/inpatient department of internal medicine.

Results:
The levels of calcium were decreased in the patients with diabetes and also the study proved a negative correlation between calcium and random plasma glucose (RPG). There was a significant negative correlation between RPG and serum 25(OH)D3.

Conclusion:
We conclude that Vitamin D insufficiency is frequent in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. Sunshine exposure daily for 15 min on the face and hands is necessary to elevate the sunlight Vitamin D levels.
Study on Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Fathima A. Arshia , Sarvotham Ananya , Iddalagi Milind 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Diabetic foot ulcer is a common complication among diabetic patients. Diabetes is prone to multiple complications related to microvascular, macrovascular, and metabolic etiologies. Diabetic foot ulcers can ultimately lead to infection, gangrene, amputation, and even death.

Methods:
This is a prospective observational study, that was carried out on 100 adult patients between July 2022 and January 2023 diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcer, treated at MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital. Inclusion criteria were all patients aged above 18 years. Exclusion criteria were patients with peripheral vascular disease not arising due to diabetes, patients with varicose veins, and patients who are undergoing chemotherapy or immunocompromised and in sepsis. Routine blood investigation, blood sugar levels, and liver function test were done. Specific investigation including discharge from wound/biopsy for culture, urine routine, x- ray of foot and doppler studies was done. The patient underwent standard surgical procedure and was followed up. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software.

Results:
The data collected were analyzed and documented. In our study, we noted that male cases were about 64% and female cases were about 36%, and the ratio of male:female is 1.7. The maximum number of cases were observed in the age group of more than 65 years, and the most common site of involvement was right foot. Conservative treatment involved diabetes control with drugs and insulin followed by wound management by dressing, debridement, amputation, and split skin grafts.

Conclusion:
Foot ulcer is preventable, and relatively simple interventions can reduce the risk of amputations by 80%. Management is primarily concerned about wound healing, and stopping the spread of infection, this is achieved by various methods such as split skin grafting, amputations, and conservative methods like dressing.
Resilience and Vulnerability: Understanding Distress Tolerance and Mindfulness among Tribals with Alcohol Use Disorder in India
Authors: Ram Dushad , Joseph Bincy , Mushtaq Neha Farheen , Gopegowda Shivaramu Maragowdanahalli , Mathew Akash 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Alcohol use disorder may be directly or indirectly related to mindfulness and distress tolerance, and these factors are often targeted in treatment. However, such evidence has yet to be established among tribal. The research aimed to investigate the levels and relationships of mindfulness, distress tolerance, and dependence severity among tribal individuals with alcohol use disorder.

Methodology:
Two hundred tribals with alcohol use disorder were recruited at three tertiary health-care centers in three districts and assessed with the sociodemographic and clinical pro forma, Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMSR), the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS), and Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS).

Results:
The mean score on the SDS, CAMSR, and DTS was 4.99, 23.52, and 33.44, respectively. There were no statistically significant relationships between the measure of mindfulness scores and dependence severity scores. However, the perceived capacity to endure emotional suffering and negative emotions consuming one’s focus was significantly inversely linked to the severity of dependence.

Conclusion:
There are lower distress tolerance and mindfulness levels among tribals with alcohol use disorder. The severity of alcohol use has no significant link with mindfulness, but has inversely linked with emotional distress tolerance and attention absorption by negative emotions.
Distribution of Cardiovascular Dysautonomia Pattern across Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Patil Ashwini Namdeorao , Patil Krishnakant Balasaheb , Prasad Neelam , Dighe Tushar A. 
Published: July 2024

Context:
Autonomic dysfunction (AD) brings up cardiovascular morbidity/mortality and has been reported in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Still, the pattern of AD in CKD is elusive.

Aim:
To evaluate the distribution of cardiovascular dysautonomia in CKD.

Material and Methods:
This study was conducted on 33 CKD cases and 30 age and sex matched healthy controls. Five standard autonomic function tests were conducted, namely, heart rate response to Valsalva maneuver, deep breathing, and standing, and BP response to standing and sustained handgrip; based on which the patients were classified as normal, or having early parasympathetic, definite parasympathetic and combined damage. The total autonomic function score was also calculated.

Results:
All cases belonged to CKD stages of 3, 4, and 5; and came up with autonomic failure. The mean total autonomic function score was higher (P < 0.001) in CKD (5.09 ± 2.33) as compared to the control group (0.97 ± 0.24), using the unpaired “t” test. Most of the CKD patients (45.45%) were involved with combined damage. Of the three stages, combined damage struck stage 5 to the maximum extent (63.63%). Sympathetic failure always co occurred with parasympathetic failure.

Conclusion:
Combined autonomic failure is more conspicuous in late CKD, predominantly occurring in stage 5. The disease course may contort the parasympathetic system before the sympathetic system.
Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid C-reactive Protein in Children with Meningitis between 1 Month and 12 Years of Age
Authors: Solunke Vikas , Tellis Jessica 
Published: July 2024

Background:
India is a growing nation with few resources and trained workers, especially in terms of outlying infrastructure. As a result, a simple and thorough examination to identify acute bacterial meningitis is required. Regular use of cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein (CSF-CRP) in the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis may be a quick, accurate, and simple way to diagnose meningitis. As a result, the goal of this study is to examine the specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy of CSF-CRP in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.

Methodology:
In a tertiary care center’s department of pediatrics, between January 2021 and June 2022, a cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out. Patients’ demographic data such as age, gender, clinical profile, CSF-CRP, and outcome were recorded. In the current study, each subject underwent a complete examination and comprehensive history before a provisional diagnosis was provided. As part of the diagnostic process, blood and CSF samples were taken. A quantitative immunoturbidometric method was used to determine the level of CSF-CRP.

Outcome of the Study:
Approximately 130 patients with a history of fever, convulsions, and signs of meningitis were considered, out of which 60 (46.2%) patients were male and 70 (53.8%) patients were female. The majority of cases were found to be positive in the CSF-CRP test, i.e. around 52 (60%), while the distribution based on the CSF culture report showed that 17 cases were positive. The results demonstrated that the CSF-CRP had a sensitivity of 100%, indicating that it correctly identified all positive cases. However, its specificity was 69.02%.

Results:
Notably, 94.2% of pyogenic meningitis cases had positive CSF-CRP results, while viral meningitis cases had no positive results, and tubercular meningitis had a lower 5.8% positive rate. CSF-CRP was also linked to clinical outcomes, with a significantly higher mortality rate of 9.6% in CSF-CRP positive cases.

Conclusion:
For the diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis, the culture and Gram stain of CSF is the gold standard. Thus, the early diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis and CSF-CRP is useful and decreases the economic burden and hospital stay of the patients.
Awareness of Dental Trauma Management among Primary School Teachers of Visnagar: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Questionnaire-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bafna Yash , Shah Zeel , Fernandes Shoba , Patel Dharati , Parmar Dimpal , Agrawal Swetal 
Published: July 2024

Aims:
The current study assessed school teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding emergency dental trauma management in Visnagar, Gujarat.

Settings and Design:
The cross-sectional survey required participants to complete a validated, closed-ended self-administered questionnaire.

Subjects and Methods:
The questionnaire, which consisted of 15 questions, was completed by 326 primary and secondary school teachers. Demographic information, knowledge about the teeth most commonly affected by trauma, emergency care, and attitudes toward storage media, etc. were included. This questionnaire also tested the willingness of teachers to participate in future dental trauma management workshops.

Statistical Analysis Used:
An Excel spreadsheet was used to methodically collect and compile the data, which was then subjected to a statistical analysis using SPSS version 20.0. (Chicago, IL, USA: IBM Company, SPSS Inc.) The descriptive data were percentage-based. The Chi-square test was used to do inferential statistics.

Results:
Among 343, a total of 326 (95.04%) school teachers responded. Forty percentage of teachers possess knowledge regarding the emergency treatment of dental trauma, 47.90% of teachers were aware about pedodontists, and 93% of teachers showed a willingness to participate in training.

Conclusions:
The current survey findings indicate that educational activities should be developed to improve preschool teachers’ awareness of the need to treat traumatized teeth at once.
A Cadaveric Study on Radial Nerve Risk Zone in the Distal Part of the Arm
Authors: Myageri Maheshwari , Manikya R. , Bhavya B. S. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Injury to the radial nerve in the arm is very frequent following fractures of the shaft of the humerus and may also occur during surgery on the arm. These iatrogenic injuries can be prevented by predicting the point at which the nerve penetrates the lateral intermuscular septum during its course from the posterior-to-anterior compartment of the arm.

Aims and Objectives:
Our study aims to find out the point of penetration of the radial nerve in the lateral intermuscular septum (radial nerve risk zone [RNRZ]).

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on 30 upper limbs of adult formalin-embalmed cadavers during MBBS undergraduate dissection at the department of anatomy. The posterior aspect of the arm was dissected to expose the radial nerve, and measurements of parameters were recorded.

Results:
The mean humeral length was 29.91 ± 2.66 cm. The mean distance from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the point on the lateral intermuscular septum where radial nerve pierces during its course from posterior-to-anterior compartment was 11.42 ± 1.042 cm, r = 0.368, and P < 0.05 which was statistically significant. The mean (standard deviation) humeral length of both left and right side difference was statistically significant with P = 0.009 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
We believe that our study will help orthopedic surgeons to estimate the point of penetration of radial nerve into the lateral intermuscular septum which is the RNRZ. This minimizes the risk of radial nerve damage during the fixation of the fractured shaft of the humerus.
Screening for Psychological Distress among Outpatient Attendees at a Rural Health Center in Goa, India, Using World Health Organization Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 Scale: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dessai Bhargav Sawant , Kankonker Manisha , Desai Archana M. , Vaz Frederick Satiro , D’Souza Delia B. , Kulkarni Manojkumar S. , Vadivel Dineshrajan 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Psychological distress has been defined as a state of emotional suffering with predominant symptoms of depression and anxiety. Given the state of poor awareness of psychological morbidities in general population, the associated stigma as well as the lack of training among primary health-care professionals in identifying psychological morbidities has led to poor detection rates. We therefore conducted this study to estimate the psychological distress among outpatient department attendees at a rural health center in Goa, using the World Health Organization Self-Reporting Questionnaire (WHO-SRQ)-20 screening questionnaire and to identify some associated factors.

Methodology:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural area. Systematic sampling technique was used to include 300 study participants aged 18 years and above. Psychological distress was measured using the 20-point WHO-SRQ. Those identified as having psychological distress were reconfirmed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) under supervision by a trained psychiatrist. Data were later entered into Google Sheets and analyzed using IBM-SPSS 24.

Results:
Around 7.7% of the participants had psychological distress. Female sex, marital status, education level, type of family, and alcohol use were significantly associated with psychological distress. Confirmation of diagnosis by the HAM-D indicated 21 of the 23 participants identified by WHO-SRQ had definitive psychological distress.

Conclusion:
WHO-SRQ is a simple screening tool which can be routinely used to effectively screen for psychiatric morbidities at primary care level.
A Study to Observe the Impact of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Levels on the Cardiovascular Profile in Elderly Patients Attending a Peripheral Medical College of a Developing Country
Authors: Das Mridul , Mondal Nikhil Chandra , Chaudhuri Arunima , Saldanha Daniel 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, more so in an aging population with mental health issues.

Objectives:
We aimed to study the influence of depression, anxiety, and stress levels on the cardiovascular profile in elderly patients attending a peripheral medical college in West Bengal.

Methodology and Participants:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in a peripheral medical college among 197 elderly participants. The cardiovascular profile was examined and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 scores were estimated.

Results:
One hundred and thirty-four (68%) were male and 63 (32%) were female and male–female participants were age and body mass index (BMI) matched. Males had significantly higher waist/hip ratio, heart rates, systolic blood pressure (BP), and diastolic BP. The female population demonstrated significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), whereas males had higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol. One hundred and third-eight (70.1%) had normal electrocardiogram findings, 30 (15.2%) had left axis deviation, 13 (6.6%) had right axis deviation, and 16 (8.2%) had ischemic heart disease. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) score of depression for males was 10.66 ± 6.81 and for females 16.22 ± 7.17 (P < 0.0001). The mean ± SD of the stress score for males was 10.67 ± 6.71 and for females 15.17 ± 6.45 (P < 0.001). BMI, heart rate, triglyceride, VLDL, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol showed a significant positive correlation with depression scores. A significant positive correlation was observed between anxiety scores and waist/hip ratio. Stress scores had significant positive correlations with age, triglyceride, LDL, and VLDL levels and a negative correlation with HDL levels.

Conclusions:
Increased depression anxiety and stress levels were found to worsen the cardiovascular profile among the elderly population and more so among males.
Nonlinear stability of planar viscous shock wave to three-dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Wang Teng , Wang Yi 
Published: July 2024

We prove the nonlinear stability of the planar viscous shock up to a time-dependent shift for the three-dimensional (3D) compressible Navier–Stokes equations under the generic perturbations, in particular, without zero mass conditions. Moreover, the time-dependent shift function keeps the shock profile shape time-asymptotically. Our stability result is unconditional for the weak planar Navier–Stokes shock. Our proof is motivated by the

a

-contraction method (a kind of weighted

L^{2}

-relative entropy method) with time-dependent shift for the stability of viscous shock in the one-dimensional (1D) case. Instead of the classical anti-derivative techniques, we perform the stability analysis of the planar Navier–Stokes shock in the original

H^{2}

-perturbation framework and therefore zero mass conditions are not necessarily needed, which, in turn, brings out the essential difficulties due to the compressibility of viscous shock. Furthermore, compared with 1D case, there are additional difficulties coming from the wave propagations along the multi-dimensional transverse directions and their interactions with the viscous shock. To overcome these difficulties, a multi-dimensional version of the sharp weighted Poincaré inequality,

a

-contraction techniques with time-dependent shift, and some essential physical structures of the multi-dimen­sional Navier–Stokes system are fully used.
Association of preoperative antiviral treatment with incidences of post-hepatectomy liver failure in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiao , Lin Zhao-Yi , Zhou You , Zhong Qin , Li Zong-Ren , Lin Xi-Xiang , Hu Ming-Gen , He Kun-Lun 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is a common consequence of radical partial hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
AIMS
To investigate the relationship between preoperative antiviral therapy and PHLF, as well as assess the potential efficacy of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level in predicting PHLF.
METHODS
A retrospective study was performed involving 1301 HCC patients with HBV who underwent radical hepatectomy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the capacity of HBV DNA to predict PHLF and establish the optimal cutoff value for subsequent analyses. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the independent risk factors of PHLF. The increase in the area under the ROC curve, categorical net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used to quantify the efficacy of HBV DNA level for predicting PHLF. The P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
Logistic regression analyses showed that preoperative antiviral therapy was independently associated with a reduced risk of PHLF (P < 0.05). HBV DNA level with an optimal cutoff value of 269 IU/mL (P < 0.001) was an independent risk factor of PHLF. All the reference models by adding the variable of HBV DNA level had an improvement in area under the curve, categorical NRI, and IDI, particularly for the fibrosis-4 model, with values of 0.729 (95%CI: 0.705-0.754), 1.382 (95%CI: 1.341-1.423), and 0.112 (95%CI: 0.110-0.114), respectively. All the above findings were statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
In summary, preoperative antiviral treatment can reduce the incidence of PHLF, whereas an increased preoperative HBV DNA level has a correlative relationship with an increased susceptibility to PHLF.