bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
¿Qué significa y para qué sirve la reserva de Constitución?
Authors: García Eloy 
Published: July 2024

Reserva de Constitución significa, además de establecer un límite entre Poder Constituyente y poderes constituidos que no puede ser materialmente traspasado, la afirmación de la incumbencia exclusiva de la Constitución sobre determinadas cuestiones. Se trata de cuestiones relacionadas con los derechos fundamentales y la organización del poder que precisan del acuerdo de la mayoría social que soporta en términos de cultura política la existencia misma de la Constitución. Como refleja Eloy García en esta nueva entrega de nuestra TRIBUNA CONSTITUCIONAL, las implicaciones de esta idea son enormes.
(1) Para empezar, supone el absoluto respeto al contenidos normativos establecidos por la Constitución que no pueden ser enmendados, sobrepasados o alterados por el legislador posterior más que acudiendo a la reforma constitucional.
(2) Además significa entender que los órganos de supremacía constitucional, directamente creados y definidos por la Constitución, no pueden asumir más funciones que las estipuladas estrictamente por la propia Constitución, lo que equivale a poner en duda tanto la capacidad del legislador ordinario para atribuir nuevas capacidades a los poderes del Estado, cuanto la posibilidad de rediseñar vía interpretativa el cometido constitucional de órganos que como el Tribunal Constitucional, desde el primer momento de su gestación legislativa y a través de figuras creativas como el bloque de la constitucionalidad, ha venido ultrapasando claramente los límites de la reserva constitucional.
(3) Al mismo tiempo significa revalidar y potenciar la naturaleza política de los órganos de supremacía constitucional en orden a la realización de la Forma de Gobierno, lo que entraña una revitalización de la dimensión nacional de la democracia que limite la tendencia desconstitucionalizadora de las clausulas de apertura que permiten que organizaciones y pactos internacionales de estructura incontrolable asumen atribuciones que la Constitución reserva al autogobierno de la política.
(4) Finalmente también evidencia la reserva de Constitución la diferente posición que la Constitución confiere a los poderes y competencias del Estado, de las propias de las Comunidades Autónomas que contra lo que se ha dicho y fallado no pueden asumir el papel Constitucional del Estado so pena de desnaturalizar la propia arquitectura del poder Constituyente en la que a fin de cuentas descansa existencialmente la supervivencia de la comunidad política.
Sosialisasi Kalender Pintar Bayi Sehat (KAPAS) 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Stunting Pada Balita di Posyandu Nusa Indah Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kebon Sari Kota Surabaya
Authors: Shinta Nur Rochmayanti  , Alief Ayu Perwitasari  , Arkha Rosyaria  , Miftahul Khairoh  , Kholifatul Ummah  
Published: July 2024

Stunting merupakan kondisi gagal tumbuh kembang pada anak akibat dari malnutrisi kronis pada waktu lama, sehingga intervensi pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan sangat penting mencegah stunting. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang gizi selama kehamilan, ASI Eksklusif dan pemberian MP-ASI dengan menggunakan media edukasi Kalender Pintar Bayi Sehat (KAPAS). Adapun yang menjadi mitra pada pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah Posyandu Nusa Indah RT RW Kelurahan kecamatan yang berada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kebonsari Kecamatan Jambangan Kota Surabaya Jawa Timur. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabmas ini yaitu menyebarkan kuesioner (pre test), edukasi kesehatan menggunakan PPT, menyebarkan Leaflet dan Media kalender pintar bayi sehat (KAPAS) kemudian menyebarkan kuesioner (Port Test). Hasil dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah 50% mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan mengenai Kalender Pintar Bayi Sehat (KAPAS) 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan dan 40 % dengan pengetahuan tetap. Pengetahuan ibu sebelum diberikan penyuluhan memiliki pengetahuan baik 35 % dan kurang 65 %. Setelah diberikan penyuluhan memiliki pengetahuan baik 90 % dan kurang 10 %.
Effects of anisotropic optical parameters on the penetration of
photons into a turbid medium
Authors: Pajevic Sinisa , Weiss George H. 
Published: July 2024

There are by now many applications of methods based on near- infrared radiation (NIR) used for optical imaging and therapeutic purposes in medical settings. Such optical techniques are appealing in not requiring potentially harmful ionizing radiation, being non-invasive, and generally being easily implementable. Since photons are randomly scattered by cell components, successful use of NIR requires knowledge of the photon trajectories expressed in statistical terminology. Until now the necessary analysis has been based on diffusion theory assuming that the scattering coefficient is an isotropic material property. We analyze the properties of the penetration depth when this assumption is violated. By penetration depth will be meant the depth attained in the turbid medium, given its ultimate emission at the planar surface at a time T , as a function of the degree of anisotropy of the scattering coefficient. Our analysis will be based on a continuous-time random walk formalism. Properties of both time-gated and continuous-wave experiments will be derived.
Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in frost blisters of the Chara River valley, Transbaikalia
Authors: Vasil'chuk Yurij Kirillovich , Ginzburg Alexander Pavlovich , Tokarev Igor' Vladimirovich , Budantseva Nadine Arkad'evna , Vasil'chuk Alla Constantinovna , Palamarchuk Valentina Anatol'evna , Vasil'chuk Jessica Yur'evna , Bludushkina Lyubov' Bakhtiyarovna , Slyshkina Elena Sergeevna 
Published: July 2024

The study's focus is on the distribution of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the ice cores of frost blisters in the Chara River valley, Transbaikalia. The Kodar and Udokan mountain ranges surround the Chara Depression. Cryogenic (frosty) heaving is common in high humidity areas with loamy, clay, and peaty sediments. In summer 2023, the authors described two seasonal frost blisters in swampy, forested depressions on the periphery of the Charsky Sands (in the so-called thermosuffusion funnels). Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of oxygen (&#948;18O) and hydrogen (&#948;2H) in blister ice were analyzed. It has been established that seasonal frost blisters are formed mainly due to downward freezing of the water-saturated active layer sediments, but in some cases, ice was formed as well due to upward freezing from the lower boundary of the active layer. The vertical distribution of the isotope values, as well as the &#948;2H-&#948;18O ratio in ice, indicates a relatively rapid freezing of water in closed system conditions during one cycle of freezing. In the ice layers sampled horizontally, very similar isotopic composition values were obtained (for example, in blister ice 1, &#948;18О values ranged from –17.51 to –17.32‰), which indicates consistent horizontal freezing of ice layers. The slopes of the &#948;2H-&#948;18О ratio lines for blister ice are 5.82 (blister ice 1) and 5.95 (blister ice 2). A decrease of the &#948;2H and &#948;18О values of blister ice on frost mounds with depth and a slope of the &#948;2H-&#948;18O ratio line less than 8–7.3 indicates water freezing under closed system conditions during one cycle without moisture inflow. The distribution of isotopic values in the blister ice of seasonal frost mound 2 may indicate simultaneous bilateral freezing of the water volume.
Molecular identification of Trichobilharzia species in recreational waters in North-Eastern Poland
Authors: Korycińska Joanna , Bulantová Jana , Horák Petr , Dzika Ewa 
Published: July 2024

Background
In Europe, avian schistosomes of the genus Trichobilharzia are the most common etiological agents involved in human cercarial dermatitis (swimmer’s itch). Manifested by a skin rash, the condition is caused by an allergic reaction to cercariae of nonhuman schistosomes. Humans are an accidental host in this parasite’s life cycle, while water snails are the intermediate, and waterfowl are the final hosts. The study aimed to conduct a molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Trichobilharzia species occurring in recreational waters in North-Eastern Poland.

Methodology
The study area covered three water bodies (Lake Skanda, Lake Ukiel, and Lake Tyrsko) over the summer of 2021. In total, 747 pulmonate freshwater snails (Radix spp., Lymnaea stagnalis) were collected. Each snail was subjected to 1–2 h of light stimulation to induce cercarial expulsion. The phylogenetic analyses of furcocercariae were based on the partial sequence of the ITS region (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, ITS2 and 28SrDNA). For Radix spp. phylogenetic analyses were based on the ITS-2 region.

Results
The prevalence of the Trichobilharzia species infection in snails was 0.5%. Two out of 478 (0.4%) L. stagnaliswere found to be infected with Trichobilharzia szidati. Moreover, two out of 269 (0.7%) snails of the genus Radix were positive for schistosome cercariae. Both snails were identified as Radix auricularia. One of them was infected with Trichobilharzia franki and the other with Trichobilharzia sp.

Conclusions
Molecular identification of avian schistosome species, both at the intermediate and definitive hosts level, constitutes an important source of information on a potential threat and prognosis of local swimmer’s itch occurrence, and helps to determine species diversity in a particular area.
Evaluation of phytochemical profile, and antioxidant, antidiabetic activities of indigenous Thai fruits
Authors: Prakulanon Jirayupan , Duangsrisai Sutsawat , Vajrodaya Srunya , Thongchin Thanawat 
Published: July 2024

Background
This research aims to explore the phenolics identification, phenolics quantification, antioxidant and potential biofunctional properties of lesser-known Thai fruits and their potency to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Including, Antidesma puncticulatum, Dillenia indica, Diospyros decandra, Elaeagnus latifolia, Flacourtia indica, Garcinia dulcis, Lepisanthes fruticose, Mimusops elengi, Muntingia calabura, Phyllanthus reticulatus, Streblus asper, Syzygium cumini, Syzygium malaccense, Willughbeia edulis and Schleichera oleosa were analyzed by their phenolic and flavonoid content. These fruits have received limited scientific attention, prompting an investigation into their health benefits, particularly their relevance to diabetes management.

Methods
The study utilized methanolic crude extracts to measure phenolic and flavonoid levels. Additionally, UHPLC-DAD was utilized to identify and quantify phenolics. The methanolic extracts were assessed for antioxidant and antidiabetic abilities, including α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition.

Results and Conclusion
The study highlighted S. cumini as a rich source of phenolic (980.42 ± 0.89 mg GAE/g and flavonoid (3.55 ± 0.02 mg QE/g) compounds with strong antioxidant activity (IC50 by DPPH; 3.00 ± 0.01 µg/ml, IC50 by ABTS; 40 ± 0.01 µg/ml, FRAP; 898.63 ± 0.02 mg TE/ml). Additionally, S. cumini exhibited promising antidiabetic effects (S. cumini IC50; 0.13 ± 0.01 mg/ml for α-glucosidase inhibition, 3.91 ± 0.05 mg/ml for α-amylase inhibition), compared to Acarbose (IC50; 0.86 ± 0.01 mg/ml for α-glucosidase inhibition, 0.39 ± 0.05 mg/ml for α-amylase inhibition). Remarkably, compounds like catechins, gallic acid, kaempferol, and ellagic acid were identified in various quantities.This study suggests that these fruits, packed with phenolics, hold the potential to be included in an anti-diabetic diet and even pharmaceutical applications due to their health-promoting properties.
Determinants of Awareness of Rythu Bharosa Kendra’s (RBK’s) Programmes in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: A. Boopathi Raja , Reddy G. Raghunadha , Radha Y. , Lakshmi T. , P. Lavanya Kumari. 
Published: July 2024

Aim: The present study was taken up to understand the determinants of awareness about government intervention programme (RBK) in Andhra Pradesh
Study design: To represent the whole study area, multi-stage random sampling was used. In total, 400 respondents were selected from 4 regions consisting of 100 respondents from each region.
Place and duration of study: The present study was based on primary data collected from the year 2021-22 in Andhra Pradesh
Methodology: Binary logistic regression was applied using R software to study the awareness of determinants. Were level of awareness (0 or 1) was regressed against Gender, Age, Literacy Status, Operational Holding, Occupation and Extention Contact.
Results: The analysis revealed that the majority of respondents are male (87.75%), of middle age (65.5%), had primary (23%) and secondary education (23%), have marginal (39.5%), small (40.5%) operational holdings, having occupations in agriculture (29.5%) and combined with animal husbandry (35.75%). They had full awareness about agricultural extension, Rythu Bharosa, e-crop booking, and crop insurance. Nearly complete awareness for quality inputs and interest subsidy. Lower awareness is noted for custom hiring centers (78.5 %), agriculture advisory board (64.25%), veterinary services (56%), digital library (48.75%), WhatsApp advisory (49.75%), milk collection (18%), soil testing (15.5%), and seed germination testing (13%). The logistic regression analysis revealed that the explanatory variables like gender, literacy status, operational land holding, occupation and extension contact were the major determinants of awareness among the farmers. A unit increase in these variables favors positively the odds ratio of a farmers regarding RBK services at Andhra Pradesh.
Conclusion: The analysis reveals significant insights into the socio-economic profile and awareness of Rythu Bharosa Kendras (RBKs) schemes among farmers. A gender disparity highlights the need for targeted support for female farmers. Varied education levels and notable illiteracy indicate the necessity for tailored educational outreach. Enhanced extension services and focused support for small and marginal farmers can improve scheme uptake. Awareness of certain valuable services is low, necessitating targeted campaigns. Effective communication strategies and regular monitoring are crucial for better information dissemination and program refinement, ensuring inclusive and impactful support for the farming community.
Pre‐ and postnatal findings in a patient with a novel rec(8)dup(8q)inv(8)(p23.2q22.3) associated with san luis valley syndrome
Authors: Vera‐Carbonell Ascensión , López‐González Vanesa , Bafalliu Juan Antonio , Piñero‐Fernández Juan , Susmozas Joaquín , Sorli Moisés , López‐Pérez Rocío , Fernández Asunción , Guillén‐Navarro Encarna , López‐Expósito Isabel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSan Luis Valley syndrome, which is due to a recombinant chromosome 8 (SLV Rec8) found in Hispanic individuals from Southwestern United States, is a well‐established syndrome associated with intellectual disabilities and, frequently, severe cardiac anomalies. We report for the first time on a Moroccan girl with a recombinant chromosome 8 prenatally diagnosed as SLV Rec8 by conventional cytogenetic studies. At birth, an oligo array‐CGH (105 K) defined the breakpoints and the size of the imbalanced segments, with a deletion of ∼2.27 Mb (8p23.2‐pter) and a duplication of ∼41.93 Mb (8q22.3‐qter); thus this recombinant chromosome 8 differed from that previously reported in SLV Rec8 syndrome. The phenotypic characteristics associated with this SLV Rec8 genotype overlap those commonly found in patients with 8q duplication reported in the literature. We review SLV Rec8 and other chromosome 8 aberrations and suggest that the overexpression of cardiogenic genes located at 8q may be the cause of the cardiac defects in this patient. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NERC Matters: NERC: Electric System Is Adequately Reliable
Authors: Carpentier Deborah 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA primary role of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) is to develop and enforce standards that provide for an “adequate level of reliability,” and to “conduct periodic assessments of the reliability and adequacy of the bulk‐power system in North America.” In fulfillment of those responsibilities, NERC recently issued the State of Reliability 2013 report (Report), in which it declared that the bulk power system (BPS) “remains adequately reliable.”
Partial characterization of proapoptotic action of biliary deteriorated lipids on biliary epithelial cells in pancreaticobiliary diseases
Authors: Fujita Keiko , Sugiyama Akiko , Otoshi Kasumi , Taogoshi Takanori , Kimura Yasuhiro , Kishikawa Nobusuke , Kodama Masanobu , Kanno Keishi , Kihira Kenji , Tazuma Susumu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundLysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a derivative of phosphatidylcholine (PC) hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), is reported to be increased in bile of the patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction or intrahepatic cholelithiasis, both of which are major risk factors for biliary tract cancers with undefined etiology.MethodsTo investigate the influence of LPC on biliary epithelial cells (BECs), a human cholangiocarcinoma cell line HuCCT‐1 and an immortalized human BECs line MMNK‐1 were treated by LPC in vitro.ResultsThe treatment of LPC exhibited cytotoxicity with significant induction of apoptosis. In addition to upregulation of Fas receptor mRNA, the activities of caspase‐8 and ‐3 were significantly increased by LPC treatment. We also observed upregulation of Bax mRNA and significant activation of caspase‐9. Interestingly, LPC significantly upregulated G2A, a member of transmembrane G protein‐coupled receptor family at mRNA and protein levels, and 9‐hydroxyoctadecaduenoic acid (9HODE), an oxidized free fatty acid that functions as a ligand for G2A dramatically reduced cell viability when treated together with LPC.ConclusionsThese data suggest that PLA2, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of PC to yield LPC and free fatty acid, is supposed to be an important etiological factor in BECs injury in pancreaticobiliary maljunction or intrahepatic cholelithiasis.
Slow increase in IgG avidity correlates with prevention of human cytomegalovirus transmission to the fetus
Authors: Furione Milena , Rognoni Vanina , Sarasini Antonella , Zavattoni Maurizio , Lilleri Daniele , Gerna Giuseppe , Revello Maria Grazia 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFollowing primary human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, virus‐specific IgG antibody shift from low to high avidity with individual variations in the rate of avidity maturation. The kinetics of the avidity maturation of IgG specific for HCMV nuclear antigen in pregnant women with primary infection was investigated. Absorbance values used for avidity index calculation of 286 sequential sera collected from 69 pregnant women with primary HCMV infection were retrieved. Percent difference in absorbance values of IgG antibody bound to the solid phase after urea treatment (IgG avidity) between early (T1, 0–90, median 31 days) and late (T2, 91–180, median 136 days) serum samples was calculated for each woman. Three groups of women were identified: 24/69 (34.8%) women showed high (>100%) avidity increase between T1 and T2 (pattern H), 29/69 (42%) low (<50%) increase (pattern L), and 16/69 (23.2%) intermediate increase (pattern I). Avidity values in T1 samples were significantly higher in women with pattern L compared to women with pattern H (P = 0.01). Altogether, 28/69 (40.6%) women transmitted HCMV infection to their fetuses. Fetal infection preferentially occurred (P < 0.01) in women with pattern H (15/24, 62.5%) compared with women with pattern L (7/29, 24.1%). In conclusion, different patterns of IgG avidity maturation can be detected following primary HCMV infection. Pregnant women with pattern H (rapid IgG avidity increase) appear to be at higher risk for fetal infection, whereas, pregnant women developing early antibody with high avidity appear to be at a lower risk of vertical transmission. J Med. Virol. 85:1960–1967, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reexperiencing Symptoms, Dissociation, and Avoidance Behaviors in Daily Life of Patients With PTSD and Patients With Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia
Authors: Pfaltz Monique C. , Michael Tanja , Meyer Andrea H. , Wilhelm Frank H. 
Published: July 2013

Panic attacks are frequently perceived as life threatening. Panic disorder (PD) patients may therefore experience symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The authors explored this in 28 healthy controls, 17 PTSD patients, and 24 PD patients with agoraphobia who completed electronic diaries 36 times during 1 week. Patient groups frequently reported dissociation as well as thoughts, memories, and reliving of their trauma or panic attacks. PTSD patients reported more trauma/panic attack thoughts (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 2.9) and memories (IRR = 2.8) than PD patients. Patient groups relived their trauma or panic attacks equally frequently, and reported comparable bodily reactions and distress associated with trauma or panic attack memories. Clinical groups avoided trauma or panic attack reminders more often than healthy controls (avoidance of trauma‐ or panic attack‐related thoughts (IRR = 8.0); avoidance of things associated with the trauma or panic attack (IRR = 40.7). PD patients avoided trauma or panic attack reminders less often than PTSD patients (avoidance of trauma‐ or panic attack‐related thoughts [IRR = 2.5]; avoidance of things associated with the trauma or panic attack [IRR = 4.1]), yet these differences were nonsignificant when controlling for functional impairment. In conclusion, trauma‐like symptoms are common in PD with agoraphobia and panic attacks may be processed similarly as trauma in PTSD.
Preparation of Au Nanoparticles and End‐Functionalized Poly(butadiene) Composites via Electrostatic Interaction
Authors: Kanahara Masaaki , Shimomura Masatsugu , Yabu Hiroshi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPolymer‐inorganic nanoparticle (NP) composites are prepared by immersing preformed end‐functionalized poly (butadiene) (PB) films, which have a lower glass transition temperature than room temperature, in an aqueous dispersion of Au NPs. Depending on the viscosity of the PB matrix, the Au NPs show different distributions in the end‐functionalized PB matrix. In the high viscosity matrix, the Au NPs are immobilized at the surface of the end‐functionalized PB, whereas in the low viscosity matrix, the Au NPs are incorporated into the matrix and are well dispersed. This incorporation of Au NPs occurs dynamically in three steps: (1) adsorption of the Au NPs on the surface of the PB matrix through electrostatic interactions; (2) stabilization of the Au NPs by the end functional groups of the PB molecules; (3) the diffusion of the Au NPs into the PB matrix because of the low viscosity of the matrix.
Effect of Reaction Temperature on Adhesive Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane/Acrylic Hybrids Synthesized by Semicontinuous Miniemulsion Polymerization
Authors: Ballard Nicholas , Carretero Paula , Asua José M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHybrid polyurethane/acrylic particles have been synthesized by miniemulsion polymerization at various temperatures to determine the effect of the reaction temperature on the polymer microstructure and the adhesive properties of films prepared from latexes. Simultaneous free radical polymerization of a mixture of (meth)acrylic monomers in the presence of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and addition polymerization of an isocyanate terminated prepolymer and chain extending diol have been performed and the resulting polymers are characterized in terms of their gel content, sol molecular weight, swelling degree, and microgel size. The changes in the polymer microstructure are related to bulk effects in the adhesive films resulting from differences in the polymerization kinetics at different temperatures.