bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AcidBase Properties of Adenosine 5′‐Monophosphate, Guanosine 5′‐Monophosphate, and Inosine 5′‐Monophosphate in Aqueous Solutions of Methanol
Authors: Gharib Farrokh , Abbaszadeh Mehran , Pousti Mohammad 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe protonation constants of adenosine 5′‐monophosphate, guanosine 5′‐monophosphate, and inosine 5′‐monophosphate were determined in binary mixtures of H2O containing 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50% MeOH, using a combination of potentiometric and spectrophotometric methods at a constant temperature (25°) and constant ionic strength (0.1 mol⋅dm−3 NaClO4). The protonation constants were analyzed using the normalized polarity parameter (E$\rm{{_{T}^{N}}}$), and Kamlet, Abboud, and Taft (KAT) parameters. A linear correlation of log K vs. the normalized polarity parameter was obtained. Dual‐parameter correlation of log K vs. π* (dipolarity/polarizability) and α (H‐bond‐donor acidity), as well as π* and β (H‐bond‐acceptor basicity) also gives good results in various aqueous organic solvent mixtures. Finally, the results are discussed in terms of the effect of solvent on the protonation equilibria.
Crotofolane‐ and Casbane‐Type Diterpenes from Croton argyrophyllus
Authors: e Silva Filho Francisco Artur , Nunes da Silva Junior José , Braz‐Filho Raimundo , de Simone Carlos Alberto , Silveira Edilberto Rocha , Lima Mary Anne Sousa 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPhytochemical analysis of Croton argyrophyllus led to the isolation of five new diterpenes named (5β,6β)‐5,6 : 13,16‐diepoxycrotofola‐4(9),10(18),13,15‐tetraen‐1‐one (1), (5β,6β)‐5,6 : 13,16‐diepoxy‐2‐epicrotofola‐4(9),10(18),13,15‐tetraen‐1‐one (2), (5β,6β)‐5,6 : 13,16‐diepoxy‐16‐hydroxy‐2‐epicrotofola‐4(9),10(18),13,15‐tetraen‐1‐one (3), (5β,6β)‐5,6 : 13,16‐diepoxy‐16‐hydroxy‐2‐epicrotofola‐4(9), 10(18),13,15‐tetraen‐1‐one (4) and (2E,5β,6E,12E)‐5‐hydroxycasba‐2,6,12‐trien‐4‐one (5), in addition to the known diterpenes crotonepetin and depressin, and acetylaleuritolic acid and spinasterol. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by a combination of spectroscopic methods, including HR‐ESI‐MS, 2D‐NMR, and X‐ray crystallography.
New Eunicellin Diterpenes and 9,10‐Secosteroids from the Gorgonian Muricella sibogae
Authors: Li Ting‐Ting , Tang Xu‐Li , Chen Can‐Ling , Zhang Xing‐Wang , Wu Rong‐Cui , Zhu Hong‐Yan , Li Ping‐Lin , Li Guo‐Qiang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBioactivity‐guided isolation of the rare gorgonian Muricella sibogae (Nutting) yielded the two new eunicellin diterpenes sibogin A and B (1 and 2), the three new 9,10‐secosteroids sibogol A–C (6–8), together with the three known eunicellin diterpenes 3–5 and the five known 9,10‐secosteroids 9–13. Their structures were established by extensive spectral analysis (1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, IR, and MS). The cytotoxicity of the isolates 1–13 was evaluated in vitro against the selected tumor cell lines P388 and BEL‐7402. All the compounds showed only weak activity against P388 cell lines, with an inhibition rate ranging from 10 to 60% at a concentration of 50 μg/ml, whereas the were inactive against BEL‐7402 cell lines.
Juglanones A and B: Two Novel Tetralone Dimers from Walnut Pericarp (Juglans regia)
Authors: Li Cong‐Ying , Du Hong‐Jian , Su Xue‐Hui , Zhong Yu‐Jiao , Yuan Zhi‐Peng , Li Yan‐Fang , Liang Bing 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTwo novel tetralone dimers, with an O‐bridge, named juglanones A and B (1 and 2, resp.), were isolated from the AcOEt extract of walnut pericarps. These compounds are the first examples of O‐bridged dimeric tetralones. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, including HR‐TOF‐MS, and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR. Biological evaluation of these two isolates against a number of human cancer cell lines is also described.
Past and future changes in frost day indices in Catskill Mountain region of New York
Authors: Anandhi Aavudai , Zion Mark S. , Gowda Prasanna H. , Pierson Donald C. , Lounsbury David , Frei Allan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractChanges in frost indices in the New York's Catskill Mountains region, the location of water supply reservoirs for New York City, have potentially important implications. Frost day is defined as a day with Tmin < 0 °C. The objective of this study was to investigate past and predicted changes in minimum temperature (Tmin) and six frost indices in the Catskill Mountains covering six reservoir watersheds. Studied frost indices included (1) number of frost days, (2) number of months with frost, (3) last spring freeze date (LSF), (4) first fall freeze date (FFF), (5) growing season length (GSL), and (6) frost season length. Past changes in the frost indices were studied using observed daily Tmin for each watershed for the periods 1960–2008. Future changes in frost indices for the periods (2045–2065 and 2080–2100) were studied for emission scenarios (A1B, A2, and B1) downscaled from global climate models (GCMs). Results indicated a general increase in average Tmin and GSL and a decrease in number of frost days, months with frost, frost season length, earlier LSF, and later FFF from the historical to the future periods, and the magnitude of change varied among the watersheds and GCMs. For the period 1960–2000, in all watersheds (except Cannonsville), LSF occurred earlier by 2.6–4.3 days/decade, FFF occurred later by 2.7–3.2 day/decade, and GSL was longer by 2.4–4 day/decade. Among the scenarios and GCMs, LSF occurred earlier by 4–11 and 4.5–15 days/decade for the periods 2045–2065 and 2081–2100, respectively; FFF occurred later by 1–10 and 4–13 days/decade for the periods 2045–2065 and 2081–2100, respectively; and GSL was longer by 10–25 and 13–40 days/decade for the periods 2045–2065 and 2081–2100, respectively. The increase in GSL is expected to affect hydrologic, ecosystem, and biogeochemical processes with increased net primary productivity and a resulting increase in total annual evapotranspiration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Significantly different proliferative potential of oral mucosal epithelial cells between six animal species
Authors: Kondo Makoto , Yamato Masayuki , Takagi Ryo , Murakami Daisuke , Namiki Hideo , Okano Teruo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThere has been an upsurge in regenerative medicine in recent years. In particular, because oral mucosal epithelial cells can be obtained noninvasively, cultured epithelial cell sheets have been used in a number of ectopic transplantations. Additionally, the verification of the properties of experimental animals' cultured cells has accelerated the application of regenerative medicine. In the present study, the properties of oral mucosal epithelial cells were compared between six animal species. The human and pig epithelia were relatively thicker than the epithelia of the other species. The colony‐forming efficiency of the rat was the highest, followed by those of the dog, human, rabbit, and pig, whereas the colonies of the mouse cells were all paraclone and uncountable in the colony‐forming assay. We also found that the rabbit and pig cells proliferated poorly and were unable to form cell sheets without feeder layers. In contrast, even in the absence of feeder layers and cholera toxin, cultured dog and mouse cells formed contiguous sheets, when the cell seeding density was high. These results indicate that interspecies variation is considerable in oral mucosal epithelial cells and that specific experimental animal or human cells must be chosen according to the intended use. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1829–1837, 2014.
Synthetic tracheal mucus with native rheological and surface tension properties
Authors: Hamed R. , Fiegel J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this study, the development of a model tracheal mucus with chemical composition and physical properties (bulk viscoelasticity and surface tension) matched to that of native tracheal mucus is described. The mucus mimetics (MMs) were formulated using components that are abundant in tracheal mucus (glycoproteins, proteins, lipids, ions, and water) at concentrations similar to those found natively. Pure solutions were unable to achieve the gel behavior observed with native mucus. The addition of a bifunctional cross‐linking agent enabled control over the viscoelastic properties of the MMs by tailoring the concentration of the cross‐linking agent and the duration of cross‐linking. Three MM formulations with different bulk viscoelastic properties, all within the normal range for nondiseased tracheal mucus, were chosen for investigation of surfactant spreading at the air–mimetic interface. Surfactant spread quickly and completely on the least viscoelastic mimetic surface, enabling the surface tension of the mimetic to be lowered to match native tracheal mucus. However, surfactant spreading on the more viscoelastic mimetics was hindered, suggesting that the bulk properties of the mimetics dictate the range of surface properties that can be achieved. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1788–1798, 2014.
Engineering copolymeric artificial cornea with salt porogen
Authors: Zellander Amelia , Wardlow Melissa , Djalilian Ali , Zhao Chenlin , Abiade Jeremiah , Cho Michael 
Published: June 2013

AbstractArtificial corneas or keratoprostheses (KPros) are designed to replace diseased or damaged cornea. Although many synthetic KPros have been developed, current products are often inappropriate or inadequate for long term use due to ineffective host integration. This study presents an alternative approach of engineering a KPro that comprises a combination of poly (2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and sodium chloride (NaCl) as porogen. Based on the core‐skirt model for KPro, the porous outer portion of artificial cornea (skirt) was engineered by combining NaCl with HEMA and MMA monomers to promote tissue ingrowth from the host. The central optic (core) was designed to provide >85% light transmission in the visible wavelength range and securely attached to the skirt. Mechanical tensile data indicated that our KPro (referred to as salt porogen KPro) is mechanically stable to maintain its structure in the ocular environment and during implantation. Using human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs), we demonstrate that the cells grew into the pores of the skirt and proliferated, suggesting biointegration is adequately achieved. This novel PHEMA‐PMMA copolymeric salt porogen KPro may offer a cornea replacement option that leads to minimal risk of corneal melting by permitting sufficient tissue ingrowth and mass transport. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1799–1808, 2014.
Responses of RAW264.7 macrophages to water‐dispersible gold and silver nanoparticles stabilized by metal–carbon σ‐bonds
Authors: Hashimoto Masanori , Toshima Hirokazu , Yonezawa Tetsu , Kawai Koji , Narushima Takashi , Kaga Masayuki , Endo Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNanometals are currently receiving considerable attention for industrial and biomedical applications, but their potentially hazardous and toxic effects have not been extensively studied. This study evaluated the biological responses of novel water‐dispersible gold (Au‐NPs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) stabilized by Au‐C or Ag‐C σ‐bonds in cultured macrophages (RAW264.7), via analysis of the cell viability, the integrity of the plasma membrane, and the inflammatory and morphological properties. The cultured RAW264.7 was exposed to metal‐NPs at various concentrations. The Ag‐NPs showed cytotoxicity at high NP concentrations, but the cytotoxic effects of the Au‐NPs were smaller than those of the Ag‐NPs. For the microscopic analysis, both types of particles were internalized into cells, the morphological changes in the cells which manifested as an expansion of the vesicles' volume, were smaller for the Au‐NPs compared with the Ag‐NPs. For the Ag‐NPs, the endocytosis abilities of the macrophages might have induced harmful effects, because of the expansion of the cell vesicles. Although an inflammatory response was observed for both the Au‐ and Ag‐NPs, the harmful effects of the Au‐NPs were smaller than those of the Ag‐NPs, with minor morphological changes observed even after internalization of the NPs into the cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1838–1849, 2014.
Osteoblasts behavior on chemically treated commercially pure titanium surfaces
Authors: Oliveira D. P. , Palmieri A. , Carinci F. , Bolfarini C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSurface modifications of commercially pure titanium (Cp‐Ti), a material widely used to produce dental implants, can induce specific responses on osteoblastic cells after implantation. This work aims to investigate the influence of chemically modified surfaces of Cp‐Ti by acid etching or acid etching plus alkaline treatment on the gene expression of human osteoblastic (Hob) cells. Roughness and contact angle measurements were carried out to evaluate the surface properties of the samples. The surface morphology was investigated with scanning electron microscopy. Chemical composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The expression levels of some bone‐related genes (ALPL, COL1A1, COL3A1, SPP1, RUNX2, and SPARC) were analyzed using real time Reverse Transcription‐Polymerase Chain Reaction (real time RT‐PCR). The results showed that all the chemical modifications studied in this work influenced the surface morphology, wettability, roughness and induced an osteoconductive behavior. The samples that were acid etched and alkaline treated showed a more pronounced effect. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1816–1822, 2014.
Intelligent Business Process Management: Hype or Reality?
Authors: Fanning Kurt , Centers David P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAccording to Gartner, a leading information technology (IT) research and analysis firm, companies are moving to improve their Business Process Management (BPM) systems by integrating them with their Business Intelligence (BI) Systems—thus making them an “intelligent.” Companies with these new systems would arguably have a competitive advantage. But is this really true? The authors of this article explain what Intelligent Business Process Management (iBPM) actually is and how users may benefit from it in the future. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overcoming the Challenge of Systems Integrators
Authors: Worster Art , Weirich Thomas R. , Andera Frank 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCompanies and information technology (IT) departments often hire outside Systems Integrators (SIs) to help build or upgrade a computer application. It sounds simple enough. But then why do problems often crop up between SI consultants and their clients? This article examines the most important points of failure in the client–SI relationship, and shows how to establish a governance process to prevent problems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How to Counter Cybercrime Intrusions
Authors: McGee Jo Ann , Byington J. Ralph 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAccording to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE), the global price tag for white collar crime (WCC) has reached a staggering $3.6 trillion annually. This growth has been facilitated by information technology (IT) advances that have made it easier to commit WCC by using the computer and/or the Internet. When the computer is used in conjunction with the Internet to perpetrate the crime, it is referred to as cybercrime. The authors take an updated look at the various types of computer intrusions that threaten companies—and offer a checklist of countermeasures that can help prevent losses to cybercrime. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Designing Effective Metrics
Authors: Lee Reginald Tomas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEvery company uses metrics to understand how the business is performing. Metrics transform data into information by answering important questions: What type of return are we getting on our investment in capital? How efficient are our accounts receivable processes? But the author, a business consultant who takes on companies' most difficult challenges, has found that often company metrics are poor. Sometimes they are overly complex, or they mean different things to different people. So CEOs and top financial officers do not really have the critical information they need to improve the business. So what are the secrets to designing simple, yet effective, metrics to help your company prosper? This article shows you how to overcome the challenges in designing good metrics, and offers solid suggestions that you can use. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Doing More With Less: Using Noncash Incentives to Improve Employee Performance
Authors: Dzuranin Ann C. , Randolph David , Stuart Nathan V. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEmployees will usually say they would prefer cold cash rather than a noncash incentive. Interestingly, however, when employee productivity is evaluated using cash incentives versus noncash incentives, noncash incentives have proven to be effective at improving performance and employee satisfaction. This article discusses the issues and provides several broad suggestions for successful noncash incen‐tive programs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigating the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ): Construction of a Short Form and Evidence of a Two‐Factor Higher Order Structure of Mindfulness
Authors: Tran Ulrich S. , Glück Tobias M. , Nader Ingo W. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesPast research of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) lacks clear results regarding its factorial validity, item fitting, mindfulness in the general population, and on the higher order structure of mindfulness. We derived an alternative two‐factor higher order structure for the FFMQ, delineating the attentional and experiential aspects of mindfulness.MethodData of 640 persons from the Austrian community were used for primary analyses, and data of 333 Austrian students were used for cross‐validation. Confirmatory analyses and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were utilized to investigate psychometric and structural properties. Associations with related variables and indicators of mental health were examined.ResultsConfirmatory models fitted only poorly on the full 39‐item FFMQ. Fit was acceptable in an abridged 20‐item version in both samples. The Nonreact scale had only weak psychometric properties. ESEM analyses suggested a good fit of two higher order factors and revealed structural differences between the samples. Beneficial effects of mindfulness appeared to be uniquely associated with the experiential aspects of mindfulness. Strategies of emotion regulation showed differential associations with the two higher order factors in the two samples.ConclusionsOur findings are relevant both with regard to conceptual issues on mindfulness and the assessment of mindfulness with the FFMQ. Replications in meditating samples and in patients are needed.
Investigation of seismic anisotropy beneath the Dead Sea fault using dense networks of broadband stations
Authors: Kaviani Ayoub , Hofstetter Rami , Rümpker Georg , Weber Michael 
Published: June 2013

AbstractShear waveforms from core‐refracted (SKS) phases recorded at 105 portable stations belonging to the DESERT and DESIRE campaigns and nine permanent broadband stations of the Israel Seismological Network are analyzed to study polarization seismic anisotropy beneath the region of the Dead Sea Transform fault in the Middle East. Shear wave splitting parameters exhibit variations with back azimuth (initial polarization) of the incoming SKS waves. The pattern of this variation is nearly constant along the strike of the fault suggesting a laterally uniform anisotropic structure beneath the Dead Sea region. The modeling of the azimuthal variations of the shear wave splitting parameters and split waveforms yields two‐layered anisotropic models consisting of an upper layer with nearly N‐S symmetry axis and a deeper layer with around N25°E symmetry axis. The split time is almost equally partitioned between the upper and lower layers allotting a value of 0.6–0.8 s to each layer. 2‐D finite difference modeling across the southern segment of the Dead Sea Transform fault demonstrates that anisotropic structure in the strike‐normal direction is relatively uniform. The Dead Sea Transform fault appears not to have a significant role in the development of the regional anisotropic fabric. The upper anisotropic layer is possibly related to a fossil fabric in the lithosphere, inherited from the Precambrian Pan‐African Orogeny. The lower layer may be related to the mantle deformation due to the relative motion between the lithospheric plates and the asthenosphere and possibly affected by the local flow field due to mantle plumes as inferred by other studies.
Aerosol‐nutrient‐induced picoplankton growth in Lake Tahoe
Authors: Mackey Katherine R. M. , Hunter Deborah , Fischer Emily V. , Jiang Yilun , Allen Brant , Chen Ying , Liston Anne , Reuter John , Schladow Geoff , Paytan Adina 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLake Tahoe is an oligotrophic lake appreciated for its transparent waters, yet the Lake's clarity has been declining for several decades due in part to eutrophication. At the same time, a shift from nitrogen (N) toward phosphorus (P) limitation of phytoplankton has occurred that could be due to atmospheric deposition of nutrients with high N:P ratios. Atmospheric particle samples collected during 2005–2006 had a mean soluble N:P ratio of 192:1, well above the Redfield ratio of 16:1 typically required by phytoplankton. Samples collected during the Angora Fire that occurred in 2007 were particularly enriched in N relative to P, with a mean ratio >2800:1. A bioassay incubation experiment was conducted using locally collected atmospheric total suspended particulate (TSP) matter. TSP samples with high ammonium (NH4+) and low P content favored the growth of picoplankton (cells <3 µm) and opportunistic filamentous cyanobacteria, whereas larger nanophytoplankton (cells 3–20 µm) were better competitors when more P was available. Picoplankton growth can increase primary productivity without causing a large increase in chlorophyll (chl a) or biomass. Aerosol‐nutrient‐induced picoplankton growth (together with shifts in grazing dynamics and stratification trends) may contribute to the uncoupling between primary productivity, chl a, and biomass that has been observed in Lake Tahoe in the last several decades and, in particular, following the Wheeler and Angora Fires. The chemical composition of aerosols has a marked impact on ecosystem dynamics in Lake Tahoe with potential consequences to lake productivity and microbial community dynamics.
Positive solutions for a fourth order discrete p‐Laplacian boundary value problem
Authors: Xu Jiafa 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we study the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for the following fourth order nonlinear discrete p‐Laplacian boundary value problem
urn:x-wiley:01704214:media:mma2766:mma2766-math-0001 where φp(s) = | s | p − 2s, p > 1, is continuous, T is an integer with T ≥ 5 and . By virtue of Jensen's discrete inequalities, we use fixed point index theory to establish our main results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.