bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In VivoandEx VivoAnalysis of Tubule Function
Authors: Stockand James D. , Vallon Volker , Ortiz Pablo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAnalysis of tubule function within vivoandex vivoapproaches has been instrumental in revealing renal physiology. This work allows assignment of functional significance to known gene products expressed along the nephron, primary of which are proteins involved in electrolyte transport and regulation of these transporters. Not only we have learned much about the key roles played by these transport proteins and their proper regulation in normal physiology but also the combination of contemporary molecular biology and molecular genetics within vivoandex vivoanalysis opened a new era of discovery informative about the root causes of many renal diseases. The power ofin vivoandex vivoanalysis of tubule function is that it preserves the native setting and control of the tubule and proteins within tubule cells enabling them to be investigated in a “real‐life” environment with a high degree of precision.In vivoandex vivoanalysis of tubule function continues to provide a powerful experimental outlet for testing, evaluating, and understanding physiology in the context of the novel information provided by sequencing of the human genome and contemporary genetic screening. These tools will continue to be a mainstay in renal laboratories as this discovery process continues and as we continue to identify new gene products functionally compromised in renal disease. © 2012 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol2:2495‐2525, 2012.
A single‐stage high power‐factor bridgeless AC‐LED driver for lighting applications
Authors: Wu Kuan‐Hung , Chiu Huang‐Jen , Lo Yu‐Kang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn alternating‐current light‐emitting diode (AC‐LED) driver is implemented between the grid and lamp to eliminate the disadvantages of a directly grid‐tied AC‐LED lamp. In order to highlight the benefits of AC‐LED technology, a single‐stage converter with few components is adopted. A high power‐factor single‐stage bridgeless AC/AC converter is proposed with higher efficiency, greater power factor, less harmonics to pass IEC 61000‐3‐2 class C, and better regulation of output current. The brightness and flicker frequency issues caused by a low‐frequency sinusoidal input are surpassed by the implementation of a high‐frequency square‐wave output current. In addition, the characteristics of the proposed circuit are discussed and analyzed in order to design the AC‐LED driver. Finally, some simulation and experimental results are shown to verify this proposed scheme. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliability and security of arbiter‐based physical unclonable function circuits
Authors: Tariguliyev Zaur , Ors Berna 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYPhysical unclonable functions (PUFs) are considered as a promising technology that would be used for secure key generation and storage, integrated circuit (IC) authentication, and chip‐unique signature generation. On the basis of the delay variation of logic gates across ICs, PUF circuits could be used to generate secret keys attached to some challenge–response schemes. In this study, an arbiter‐based PUF circuit is implemented on Xilinx Virtex 2 Pro field‐programmable gate array (Xilinx, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA), and its identification capability, reliability, and security are investigated. For this purpose, we define and measure the parameters such as interchip variation and environmental noise, which are important in the identification process of different ICs. In order to test the resistance of PUF circuit against software attacks, we applied two approaches. In the first one, we use a support vector machine classifier, and attacks are considered as a classification problem. In the second one, linear programming technique is applied to find the delay variables corresponding to the linear model of the PUF circuit.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional mapping of human sound and carious enamel and dentin with Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Salehi Hamideh , Terrer Elodie , Panayotov Ivan , Levallois Bernard , Jacquot Bruno , Tassery Hervé , Cuisinier Frédéric 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe goals of this trial were, first, to produce a Raman mapping of decay and sound dentin samples, through accurate analysis of the Raman band spectra variations of mineral and organic components. The second goal was to confirm the correlation between the Raman signal and the signal of a fluorescent camera, by assaying the concentration of pentosidine and natural collagen fluorescent crosslink using reverse phase high‐pressure liquid chromatography. The first correlation assumed a possible relationship between the signal observed with the camera and Raman spectroscopy. The second correlation assumed an association with the Maillard reaction. Absence of a correlation for this trial was that no association could be found between Raman spectra characteristics, fluorescence variation and the HPLC assay. Our results void this absence (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantification of DNA in simple eukaryotic cells using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Whelan Donna R. , Bambery Keith R. , Puskar Ljiljana , McNaughton Don , Wood Bayden R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA technique capable of detecting and monitoring nucleic acid concentration offers potential in diagnosing cancer and further developing an understanding of the biochemistry of disease. The application of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has previously been hindered by the supposed non‐Beer‐Lambert absorption behavior of DNA in intact cells making elucidation of the DNA bands difficult. We use known composition DNA/hemoglobin standards to successfully estimate the DNA content in avian erythrocyte nuclei (44.2%) and intact erythrocytes (12.8%). Furthermore we demonstrate that the absorption of cellular DNA does follow the Beer‐Lambert Law and highlights the role of conformation and hydration in FTIR spectroscopy of biological samples (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Can hantavirus infections be predicted on admission to hospital?
Authors: Kaya Selçuk , Çağlayık Dilek Yağcı , Uyar Yavuz , Yılmaz Hava , Engin Aynur , Öngürü Pınar , Yılmaz Gurdal , Köksal Iftihar 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the predictive factors which contribute to diagnosis of hantavirus infection. One hundred patients from rural areas hospitalized with a preliminary diagnosis of hantavirus infection from different hospitals in Turkey were investigated. Hantavirus infection was confirmed in 20 patients (Group 1) using immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays at the Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency. Hantaviruses were not detected in the serum of the remaining 80 patients, other infectious and non‐infectious diseases being diagnosed in this group (Group 2). Patients' demographic characteristics and clinical and laboratory data on admission were examined and compared between the two groups. Fever, proteinuria, hematuria, lethargy‐weakness, and nausea‐vomiting were the most frequent symptoms and findings in Group 1, seen in almost all patients. Proteinuria, hematuria, muscle pain, diarrhea/abdominal pain, hypotension, shock, and sweating were observed at significantly higher levels in Group 1 compared to Group 2. Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were significantly higher, but serum platelet counts were lower in Group 1 patients. Area beneath the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to calculate the discriminative ability of various laboratory values to identify patients with hantavirus infection. This analysis revealed that, serum CRP had a 100% negative predictive value, whilst, platelet, and creatinine had 75% and 70% positive predictive values for the diagnosis of hantavirus infection. In summary, laboratory markers used in clinical practice are of great importance predicting hantavirus infections. J. Med. Virol. 84:1790–1796, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diversity of human astrovirus genotypes circulating in children with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand during 2000–2011
Authors: Malasao Rungnapa , Khamrin Pattara , Chaimongkol Natthawan , Ushijima Hiroshi , Maneekarn Niwat 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHuman astrovirus (HAstV) is one of the causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. The objective of this study was to elucidate the molecular epidemiology and genotypic diversity of HAstV circulating in pediatric patients admitted to hospital with diarrhea in Thailand during the year 2000–2011, except for 2004, 2006, and 2009. A total of 1,022 fecal specimens were tested for HAstV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). HAstV was detected at 1.4% (14 of 1,022). All HAstV strains detected in this study were characterized further by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of 348 bp partial capsid nucleotide sequences revealed that HAstV strains detected were HAstV‐1 (1a, 1b, and 1d) (8 strains), HAstV‐2 (2c) (3 strains), HAstV‐3 (1 strain), and HAstV‐5 (2 strains). HAstV‐1, the most predominant genotype was detected initially in 2002 and circulated continuously up to 2011. HAstV‐2 was detected in year 2001, and 2007 and grouped into a 2c lineage. HAstV‐3 was found only in 2000 and HAstV‐5 was found in the year 2001. The findings indicate that a wide variety of HAstV strains continue to circulate in children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand over a decade. The data provide an epidemiological overview of HAstV infection and HAstV genotype distribution in Thailand. J. Med. Virol. 84:1751–1756, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utility of IgM ELISA, TaqMan real‐time PCR, reverse transcription PCR, and RT‐LAMP assay for the diagnosis of Chikungunya fever
Authors: Reddy Vijayalakshmi , Ravi Vasanthapuram , Desai Anita , Parida Manmohan , Powers Ann M. , Johnson Barbara W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractChikungunya fever a re‐emerging infection with expanding geographical boundaries, can mimic symptoms of other infections like dengue, malaria which makes the definitive diagnosis of the infection important. The present study compares the utility of four laboratory diagnostic methods viz. IgM capture ELISA, an in house reverse transcription PCR for the diagnosis of Chikungunya fever, TaqMan real‐time PCR, and a one step reverse transcription‐loop mediated isothermal amplification assay (RT‐LAMP). Out of the 70 serum samples tested, 29 (41%) were positive for Chikungunya IgM antibody by ELISA and 50 (71%) samples were positive by one of the three molecular assays. CHIKV specific nucleic acid was detected in 33/70 (47%) by reverse transcription PCR, 46/70 (66%) by TaqMan real‐time PCR, and 43/70 (62%) by RT‐LAMP assay. A majority of the samples (62/70; 89%) were positive by at least one of the four assays used in the study. The molecular assays were more sensitive for diagnosis in the early stages of illness (2–5 days post onset) when antibodies were not detectable. In the later stages of illness, the IgM ELISA is a more sensitive diagnostic test. In conclusion we recommend that the IgM ELISA be used as an initial screening test followed one of the molecular assays in samples that are collected in the early phase of illness and negative for CHIKV IgM antibodies. Such as approach would enable rapid confirmation of the diagnosis and implementation of public health measures especially during outbreaks. J. Med. Virol. 84:1771–1778, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance Evaluation of Biofibers and Their Hybrids as Reinforcements in Bioplastic Composites
Authors: Nanda Malaya R. , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBiofibers such as soy hull, switchgrass, miscanthus, and their hybrids are used as reinforcements to engineer green composites in poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐valerate) and polylactide blends through melt mixing. The physico‐mechanical performance of the composites is evaluated by means of mechanical testing, DSC and SEM. The combination of agricultural residues as hybrids is shown to reduce supply chain concerns for injection‐molded green composites. The use of inexpensive biofibers and their hybrids proves an alternate way of getting cheap sustainable materials with better performance. magnified image
Relative impact of flavonoid composition, dose and structure on vascular function: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials of flavonoid‐rich food products
Authors: Kay Colin D. , Hooper Lee , Kroon Paul A. , Rimm Eric B. , Cassidy Aedín 
Published: September 2012

ScopePrevious systematic reviews suggest beneficial effects of flavonoids on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but have overlooked the impact of dose response or food complexity. The aim of the present study was to examine the relative impact of composition, flavonoid structure and dose.Methods and resultsMEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of flavonoids or flavonoid‐rich foods/extracts. Flavonoid composition was established using United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Phenol‐Explorer databases. Effects of six flavonoid subgroups on endothelial function (flow‐mediated dilation; FMD), and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were assessed by random effects meta‐analyses and regression analyses. Meta‐analyses of combined flavonoid subclasses showed significant improvements in FMD (chronic, 0.73% (0.17, 1.30) 14 RCTs; acute, 2.33% (1.58, 3.08) 18 RCTs) and blood pressures (systolic, –1.46 mmHg (–2.38, –0.53) 63 RCTs; diastolic, –1.25 mmHg (–1.82, –0.67) 63 RCTs). Similar benefits were observed for the flavan‐3‐ol, catechol flavonoids (catechins, quercetin, cyanidin etc.), procyanidins, epicatechin and catechin subgroups. Dose‐response relationships were non‐linear for FMD (R2 ≤ 0.30), with greater associations observed when applying polynomial regression analyses (R2 ≤ 0.72); there was no indication of a dose response for blood pressure.ConclusionThe present analysis suggests that flavonoid bioactivity does not follow a classical linear dose‐response association and this may have important biological implications.
Constitutive modeling of polycarbonate during high strain rate deformation
Authors: Safari Keivan H. , Zamani Jamal , Ferreira Fernando J. , Guedes Rui M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA constitutive model is presented for large strain deformation of polycarbonate (PC) at high strain rates (above 102 s−1). The proposed model considers the primary process (α) and the two secondary rate‐activated processes (β and γ). It is shown that the secondary transitions in the material affect the yield and post yield behavior of the material at high strain rates. The constitutive model has been implemented numerically into a commercial finite element code through a user material subroutine. The experimental results, obtained using a split Hopkinson pressure bar, are supported by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and DSR (Decompose/Shift/Reconstruct) method. These are employed to gain understanding of the material transitions, and to further the linkages between material viscoelastic, yield, and stress–strain behavior. Comparison of model predictions with experimental data demonstrates the ability of model to capture the characteristic features of stress–strain curve of the material such as initial linear elasticity, global yield, strain softening, and strain hardening at very high strain rates (up to 10,000 s−1). POLYM. ENG. SCI. 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Dystroglycan function is a novel determinant of tumor growth and behavior in prostate cancer
Authors: Mitchell A. , Mathew G. , Jiang T. , Hamdy F.C. , Cross S.S. , Eaton C. , Winder S.J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDDystroglycan is a ubiquitously expressed cell adhesion molecule frequently found to be altered or reduced in adenocarcinomas, however the mechanisms or consequences of dystroglycan loss have not been studied extensively.METHODSWe examined the consequence of overexpression or RNAi depletion of dystroglycan on properties of in vitro growth migration and invasion of LNCaP, PC3, and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines.RESULTSUsing LNCaP cells we observed cell density‐dependent changes in β‐dystroglycan with the appearance of several lower molecular weight species ranging in size from 43 to 26 kDa. The bands of 31 and 26 kDa were attributed to proteolysis, whereas bands between 43 and 38 kDa were a consequence of mis‐glycosylation. The localization of β‐dystroglycan in LNCaP colonies in culture also varied, cells with a mesenchymal appearance at the periphery of the colony had more pronounced membrane localization of dystroglycan. Whereas some cells demonstrated nuclear dystroglycan. Increased dystroglycan levels were inhibitory to growth in soft agar but promoted Matrigel invasion, whereas reduced dystroglycan levels promoted growth in soft agar but inhibited invasion. Similar results were also obtained for PC3 and DU145 cells.CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that changes in β‐dystroglycan distribution within the cell and/or the loss of dystroglycan during tumorigenesis, through a combination of proteolysis and altered glycosylation, leads to an increased ability to grow in an anchorage independent manner, however dystroglycan may need to be re‐expressed for cell invasion and metastasis to occur. Prostate 73: 398–408, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cathepsin D acts as an essential mediator to promote malignancy of benign prostatic epithelium
Authors: Pruitt Freddie L. , He Yue , Franco Omar E. , Jiang Ming , Cates Justin M. , Hayward Simon W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDStromal–epithelial interactions are important in both development and prostate cancer. Stromal changes have been shown to be powerful prognostic indicators of prostate cancer progression and of patient death helping to define lethal versus indolent phenotypes. The specific molecular underpinnings of these interactions are incompletely understood. We investigated whether stromal cathepsin D (CathD) overexpression affects prostate tumorigenesis through a paracrine mechanism.METHODSNormal prostate fibroblasts (NPF) were retrovirally transduced to overexpress cyclin D1 (CD1) and were designated NPFCD1. Cathepsin D expression was knocked down using shRNA in cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) and NPFCD1. We analyzed these stromal cell lines using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and tissue recombination.RESULTSAn examination of human prostate tissue revealed significantly increased stromal staining of CathD in malignant prostate tissue. Overexpression of CD1 in normal prostate fibroblasts (NPFCD1) produced a phenotype similar to, but more moderate than, CAF in a tissue recombination model. Knockdown studies revealed that CathD is required for NPFCD1 motility and invasive growth in vitro. BPH‐1 cell proliferation was found to be induced when cultured with NPFCD1 conditioned medium, this effect was inhibited when CathD was knocked down in NPFCD1 cells. Overexpression of CathD in prostate stromal cells induced malignancy in adjacent epithelium, and this transformation was inhibited when stromal CathD expression was knocked down in CAF.CONCLUSIONSThe study presented here demonstrates increased CathD expression is seen in human CAF. The upregulation of CD1 results in concomitant increases in CathD expression. Elevated CathD expression in the stroma contributes to tumor promotion. Prostate 73: 476–488, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zoledronic acid but not somatostatin analogs exerts anti‐tumor effects in a model of murine prostatic neuroendocrine carcinoma of the development of castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Hashimoto Kohei , Masumori Naoya , Tanaka Toshiaki , Maeda Toshihiro , Kobayashi Ko , Kitamura Hiroshi , Hirata Koichi , Tsukamoto Taiji 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDSince neuroendocrine (NE) cells play an important role in the development of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), target therapy to NE cells should be considered for treating CRPC. We investigated the effects zoledronic acid (ZOL) and two somatostatin analogs (octreotide: SMS, and pasireotide: SOM) on an NE allograft (NE‐10) and its cell line (NE‐CS), which were established from the prostate of the LPB‐Tag 12T‐10 transgenic mouse.METHODSWe examined the in vivo effects of ZOL, SMS and SOM as single agents and their combinations on subcutaneously inoculated NE‐10 allografts and the in vitro effects on NE‐CS cells. Apoptosis and cell cycle activity were assessed by immunohistochemistry using TdT‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) and a Ki‐67 antibody, respectively.RESULTSIn vivo growth of NE‐10 tumors treated with ZOL, ZOL plus SMS, or ZOL plus SOM was significantly inhibited compared to the control as a consequence of induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. ZOL induced time‐ and dose‐dependent inhibition of in vitro proliferation of NE‐CS cells, but the somatostatin analogs (SMS and SOM) did not. ZOL also inhibited migration of NE‐CS cells. These effects were caused by inhibition of Erk1/2 phosphorylation via impairment of prenylation of Ras.CONCLUSIONSZOL, but not SMS or SOM, induced apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation and migration through impaired prenylation of Ras in NE carcinoma models. Our findings support the possibility that ZOL could be used in the early phase for controlling NE cells, which may trigger progression to CRPC. Prostate 73: 500–511, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prediction of the thermal conductivity of SiC nanowires with kinetic theory of gases
Authors: Chantrenne Patrice , Termentzidis Konstantinos 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThermal conductivity of silicon carbide nanowires is predicted using a model based on the kinetic theory of gas (KTG). Within this model, the energy carriers, which are the phonons, are considered as a gas whose basic properties are given by phonon dispersion curves and relaxation times of phonons. This model can give results for large spectra of temperature and sizes of nanowires in comparison to Molecular Dynamics (MD) method. The model is validated with the comparison of the results with other theoretical and experimental ones for the constant volume specific heat, the density of states and the bulk thermal conductivity function the temperature. The model is applied to SiC nanowires and the axial and radial thermal conductivities of nanowires are predicted. Comparison with MD results for the same size of nanowires is given.