bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response and Prediction of Improvement in Gait Speed From Functional Electrical Stimulation in Persons With Poststroke Drop Foot
Authors: O'Dell Michael W. , Dunning Kari , Kluding Patricia , Wu Samuel S. , Feld Jody , Ginosian Jivan , McBride Keith 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo describe changes in and predictors of comfortable gait speed (GS‐C) after using a foot‐drop stimulator (FDS; Bioness L300; Bioness Inc, Valencia, CA) for 42 weeks in persons who had sustained a stroke.DesignSecondary analysis of prospective assessments.SettingMulticenter clinical trial.ParticipantsA total of 99 subjects who had sustained a stroke ≥3 months earlier and who had GS‐C ≤0.8 m/s and drop foot with a mean age of 60.7 years and a poststroke time of 4.8 years.MethodsGS‐C was assessed at baseline and at 30 weeks with and without use of an FDS (therapeutic effect) and at 6, 12, 30, 36, and 42 weeks with use of an FDS (total effect). After subjects participated in 8 physical therapy sessions, an FDS was used for ambulation over the course of 42 weeks.Main Outcome MeasurementsChanges in mean GS‐C over time, FDS “responder” status defined as either ≥0.1 m/s gain in GS‐C (the minimal clinically important difference [MCID]) or advancing by one Perry Ambulation Category (PAC), and the incidence and nature of adverse events (AEs).ResultsA total of 74 (75%) and 69 (70%) of 99 subjects completed assessments at 30 weeks and 42 weeks, respectively. Baseline GS‐C was 0.42 m/s without use of an FDS and 0.49 m/s with use of an FDS. GS‐C improved to 0.54 m/s at 30 weeks without use of an FDS (effect size = 0.75) and 0.54, 0.55, 0.58, 0.60, and 0.61 m/s at 6, 12, 30, 36, and 42 weeks with use of an FDS, respectively (effect size 0.84 at 42 weeks). Half of the subjects achieved a maximum GS‐C by 12 weeks. Approximately 18% were PAC responders and 29% were MCID responders for 30‐week therapeutic effect, and 55% were PAC responders and 67% were MCID responders for 42‐week total effect. After logistic regression, the following factors emerged as the strongest predictors of FDS responders: younger age, faster baseline GS‐C and Timed Up and Go, and balance. At 42 weeks, 60% reported a device‐related AE; 92% were mild and 96% were anticipated.ConclusionsWhen an FDS was used, GS‐C improved progressively over 42 weeks, with ≥50% of patients achieving a clinically meaningful 42‐week total effect and 50% achieving a maximum GS‐C by 12 weeks. Younger patients with greater mobility levels may benefit most from use of an FDS. AEs were frequent, mild, and reversible.
The Use of Ivermectin to Kill Ixodes Scapularis Ticks Feeding on Humans
Authors: Sheele Johnathan M. , Ford Lucie R. , Tse Adele , Chidester Benjamin , Byers Peter A. , Sonenshine Daniel E. 
Published: January 2014

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether 400 µg/kg oral ivermectin is able to kill Ixodes scapularis nymphs and adult female ticks feeding on humans. Methods Ten study subjects each wore 2 ostomy bags, the one containing 24 I scapularis nymphs, and the other containing 24 I scapularis adult females. Twenty-four hours after the ostomy bags were attached, study subjects received either 400 µg/kg ivermectin or placebo. Thirty hours after the ivermectin or placebo was consumed, the ticks were removed, and mortality determined in a double-blinded manner. Results Eleven percent of the I scapularis nymphs attached in the ivermectin group compared with 17% in the placebo. Mortality for the I scapularis nymphs that attached at the time of removal was 55% in the ivermectin group and 47% in the placebo group. Mortality for the I scapularis nymphs 5 days after removal was 92% in the ivermectin group and 88% for the placebo. Three percent of the I scapularis adults attached in the ivermectin group compared with 9% in the placebo group. Mortality for I scapularis adults was 0% on day 3 and 33% on day 8 for both the ivermectin and placebo groups. There were statistically insignificant differences in the mortality rates between I scapularis nymphs and adults exposed to ivermectin or placebo. Conclusions There were a high number of ticks that died in both groups but the data do not support our hypothesis that ivermectin can kill I scapularis. The study was not designed to determine whether it could prevent the transmission of tick-borne illness.
Buddy Esquire and the early hip hop flyer
Authors: Lalonde Amanda 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBetween 1978 and 1984 Buddy Esquire designed over 300 hip hop flyers. His career coincided with the first flourishing of the Bronx scene, when hip hop shifted from a community-based event to a full-blown commercial phenomenon. This paper analyses Buddy Esquire's flyer design style, supported by a discussion with the flyer artist. The analysis demonstrates that Esquire's ‘neo-deco’ style communicates the aspiration of live hip hop to classiness by suppressing overt graffiti elements, by alluding to the nightclub culture of disco and by using the Art Deco stylings of the Jazz Age as a signifier of sophistication. The paper then moves beyond an interpretation of the flyers, searching for reflections of Buddy Esquire's aesthetic in early hip hop culture. Finally, it proposes that Buddy Esquire's flyers challenge assumptions in current hip hop scholarship regarding early hip hop's aesthetic relationship to the past (particularly the early 20th century) and its self-documenting impulse.
Hölder differentiability of self-conformal devil's staircases
Authors: TROSCHEIT SASCHA 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this paper we consider the probability distribution function of a Gibbs measure supported on a self-conformal set given by an iterated function system (devil's staircase) applied to a compact subset of ${\mathbb R}$. We use thermodynamic multifractal formalism to calculate the Hausdorff dimension of the sets Sα0, Sα∞ and Sα, the set of points at which this function has, respectively, Hölder derivative 0, ∞ or no derivative in the general sense. This extends recent work by Darst, Dekking, Falconer, Kesseböhmer and Stratmann, and Yao, Zhang and Li by considering arbitrary such Gibbs measures given by a potential function independent of the geometric potential.
Management of arrhythmias in patients with a tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Decker Jamie A. , Kim Jeffrey J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAlthough arrhythmias are commonly found in patients with all different types of congenital heart disease, perhaps no patient is at higher risk of late development of arrhythmias that may result in sudden death than in the patient following tetralogy of Fallot repair. Despite major improvement in the surgical repair of this disease, a significant percentage of these patients continue to remain at risk for the late development of arrhythmias, and a small percentage will develop life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden death. Which patients remain at highest risk is still not clearly delineated. Diligent arrhythmia surveillance and aggressive treatment strategies are necessary to minimise this risk. This article highlights important strategies to manage arrhythmia development and prevention in this patient population.
Metabolite transfer with the fermentation product 2,3-butanediol enhances virulence by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Venkataraman Arvind , Rosenbaum Miriam A , Werner Jeffrey J , Winans Stephen C , Angenent Largus T 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients harbor persistent microbial communities (CF airway microbiome) with Pseudomonas aeruginosa emerging as a dominant pathogen. Within a polymicrobial infection, interactions between co-habitant microbes can be important for pathogenesis, but even when considered, these interactions are not well understood. Here, we show with in vitro experiments that, compared with glucose, common fermentation products from co-habitant bacteria significantly increase virulence factor production, antimicrobial activity and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. The maximum stimulating effect was produced with the fermentation product 2,3-butanediol, which is a substrate for P. aeruginosa, resulting in a metabolic relationship between fermenters and this pathogen. The global transcription regulator LasI LasR, which controls quorum sensing, was upregulated threefold with 2,3-butanediol, resulting in higher phenazine and exotoxin concentrations and improved biofilm formation. This indicates that the success of P. aeruginosa in CF airway microbiomes could be governed by the location within the food web with fermenting bacteria. Our findings suggest that interbacterial metabolite transfer in polymicrobial infections stimulates virulence of P. aeruginosa and could have a considerable impact on disease progression.
The antimalarial drug quinine interferes with serotonin biosynthesis and action
Authors: Islahudin Farida , Tindall Sarah M. , Mellor Ian R. , Swift Karen , Christensen Hans E. M. , Fone Kevin C. F. , Pleass Richard J. , Ting Kang-Nee , Avery Simon V. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe major antimalarial drug quinine perturbs uptake of the essential amino acid tryptophan and patients with low plasma tryptophan are predisposed to adverse quinine reactions; symptoms of which are similar to indications of tryptophan depletion. As tryptophan is a precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT), here we test the hypothesis that quinine disrupts serotonin function. Quinine inhibited serotonin-induced proliferation of yeast as well as human (SHSY5Y) cells. One possible cause of this effect is through inhibition of 5-HT receptor activation by quinine, as we observed here. Furthermore, cells exhibited marked decreases in serotonin production during incubation with quinine. By assaying activity and kinetics of the rate-limiting enzyme for serotonin biosynthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH2), we showed that quinine competitively inhibits TPH2 in the presence of the substrate tryptophan. The study shows that quinine disrupts both serotonin biosynthesis and function, giving important new insight to the action of quinine on mammalian cells.
Comparative Recruitment Dynamics of Alewife and Bloater in Lakes Michigan and Huron
Authors: Collingsworth Paris D. , Bunnell David B. , Madenjian Charles P. , Riley Stephen C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe predictive power of recruitment models often relies on the identification and quantification of external variables, in addition to stock size. In theory, the identification of climatic, biotic, or demographic influences on reproductive success assists fisheries management by identifying factors that have a direct and reproducible influence on the population dynamics of a target species. More often, models are constructed as one‐time studies of a single population whose results are not revisited when further data become available. Here, we present results from stock recruitment models for Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Bloater Coregonus hoyi in Lakes Michigan and Huron. The factors that explain variation in Bloater recruitment were remarkably consistent across populations and with previous studies that found Bloater recruitment to be linked to population demographic patterns in Lake Michigan. Conversely, our models were poor predictors of Alewife recruitment in Lake Huron but did show some agreement with previously published models from Lake Michigan. Overall, our results suggest that external predictors of fish recruitment are difficult to discern using traditional fisheries models, and reproducing the results from previous studies may be difficult particularly at low population sizes.
Use of Genetic Stock Identification Data for Comparison of the Ocean Spatial Distribution, Size at Age, and Fishery Exposure of an Untagged Stock and Its Indicator: California Coastal versus Klamath River Chinook Salmon
Authors: Satterthwaite William H. , Mohr Michael S. , O'Farrell Michael R. , Anderson Eric C. , Banks Michael A. , Bates Sarah J. , Bellinger M. Renee , Borgerson Lisa A. , Crandall Eric D. , Garza John Carlos , Kormos Brett J. , Lawson Peter W. , Palmer‐Zwahlen Melodie L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractManaging weak stocks in mixed‐stock fisheries often relies on proxies derived from data‐rich indicator stocks, although there have been limited tests of the appropriateness of such proxies. For example, full cohort reconstruction of tagged Klamath River fall‐run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of northern California enables the use of detailed models to inform management. Information gained from this stock is also used in the management of the untagged, threatened California Coastal Chinook Salmon (CCC) stock, where it is assumed that a cap on Klamath harvest rates effectively constrains impacts on CCC to acceptable levels. To evaluate use of this proxy, we used a novel approach based on genetic stock identification (GSI) data to compare the two stocks’ size at age and ocean distribution (as inferred from spatial variation in CPUE), two key factors influencing fishery exposure. We developed broadly applicable methods to account for both sampling and genetic assignment uncertainty in estimating total stock‐specific catch from GSI data, and propagated this uncertainty into models quantifying variation in CPUE across space and time. We found that, in 2010, the stocks were similar in size at age early in the year (age 3 and age 4), but CCC fish were larger later in the year. The stocks appeared similarly distributed early in the year (2010) but more concentrated near their respective source rivers later in the year (2010 and 2011). If these results are representative, relative fishery impacts on the two stocks might scale similarly early in the year, but management changes later in the year could have differing impacts on the two stocks. This novel modeling approach is suited to evaluating the concordance between other data‐limited stocks and their proxies, and can be broadly applied to estimate stock‐specific harvest, and the uncertainty therein, using GSI in other systems.
IDO2 is critical for IDO1-mediated T-cell regulation and exerts a non-redundant function in inflammation
Authors: Metz Richard , Smith Courtney , DuHadaway James B. , Chandler Phillip , Baban Babak , Merlo Lauren M. F. , Pigott Elizabeth , Keough Martin P. , Rust Sonja , Mellor Andrew L. , Mandik-Nayak Laura , Muller Alexander J. , Prendergast George C. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
IDO2 is implicated in tryptophan catabolism and immunity but its physiological functions are not well established. Here we report the characterization of mice genetically deficient in IDO2, which develop normally but exhibit defects in IDO-mediated T-cell regulation and inflammatory responses. Construction of this strain was prompted in part by our discovery that IDO2 function is attenuated in macrophages from Ido1−/− mice due to altered message splicing, generating a functional mosaic with implications for interpreting findings in Ido1–/– mice. No apparent defects were observed in Ido2–/– mice in embryonic development or hematopoietic differentiation, with wild-type profiles documented for kynurenine in blood serum and for immune cells in spleen, lymph nodes, peritoneum, thymus and bone marrow of naive mice. In contrast, upon immune stimulation we determined that IDO1-dependent T regulatory cell generation was defective in Ido2−/− mice, supporting Ido1–Ido2 genetic interaction and establishing a functional role for Ido2 in immune modulation. Pathophysiologically, both Ido1−/− and Ido2−/− mice displayed reduced skin contact hypersensitivity responses, but mechanistic distinctions were apparent, with only Ido2 deficiency associated with a suppression of immune regulatory cytokines that included GM-CSF, G-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1/CCL2. Different contributions to inflammation were likewise indicated by the finding that Ido2−/− mice did not phenocopy Ido1−/− mice in the reduced susceptibility of the latter to inflammatory skin cancer. Taken together, our results offer an initial glimpse into immune modulation by IDO2, revealing its genetic interaction with IDO1 and distinguishing its non-redundant contributions to inflammation.
Involvement of histamine 4 receptor in the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Abd-Allah Adel R. A. , Ahmad Sheikh Fayaz , Alrashidi Ibrahim , Abdel-Hamied Hala E. , Zoheir Khairy M. A. , Ashour Abdelkader E. , Bakheet Saleh A. , Attia Sabry M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the major autoimmune diseases with a global prevalence. Despite significant research into this disease, no drugs with acceptable safety profiles are yet available for its treatment. We investigated the possible anti-arthritic effects of the 4-methylhistamine (4-MeH) histamine 4 receptor (H4R) agonist and the JNJ77777120 (JNJ) H4R antagonist to explore the role of H4R in a mouse model of collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA). Arthritis was induced via intravenous (tail vein) injection of Balb/c mice with a 5-clone cocktail of mAbs against collagen type II, followed by LPS, and the effects of treatment with 4-MeH or JNJ (30mg kg−1, i.p, twice daily) for 7 days (prophylactic or therapeutic regimens) were assessed. The results revealed increased paw edema, arthritic scores, joint histological inflammatory damage and matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels and high levels of Th1 pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA and serum proteins in CAIA mice or following H4R activation via 4-MeH. Additionally, 4-MeH efficiently increased expression levels of NF-κB p65. JNJ-treated mice showed a substantial reduction in all the previously mentioned effects, with a similar trend being observed under prophylactic and therapeutic treatment regimens. The results of the present work indicate that JNJ exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities, demonstrating the clear involvement of H4R antagonism in the pathogenesis and progression of RA.
Positron emission tomography‐computed tomography on predicting the efficacy of targeted therapy for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rong Xiaoxiang , Cai Xiaoli , Li Rong , Chen Jinzhang , Wang Quanshi , You Changxuan , Wu Wenyun , Liu Chuanxin , Zhang Junyi , Luo Rongcheng 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) was used to monitor the maximal standard uptake value (SUVmax) in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with epithermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation to prove its role in predicting the prognosis of targeted therapy.MethodsA total of 46 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (IIIb‐IV stage) were enrolled in the current study. They were positive for EGFR mutation. All patients received gefitinib (250 mg per day, administered orally). PET‐CT was conducted prior to (at baseline) and six months after gefitinib administration for the lesion size and SUVmax. The recommendations of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer criteria were chosen for PET assessment. Metabolic response (SUV decline < −25%) was compared with morphologic response evaluated by CT scan and overall survival.ResultCompared to patients with △SUV% ≥ 25% (progressive metabolic disease), the survival time was significantly prolonged in △SUV% < −25% (including complete metabolic response and progressive metabolic disease) (10.6/18.4, P = 0.000), but was not in −25% ≤ △SUV% < 25% (stable metabolic disease) (10.6/10.7, P = 0.088). Patients who achieved △SUV% < −25% after treatment were associated with a longer median survival, higher control rate, and better prognosis. There was a strong correlation between SUV changes (△SUV%) and CT size change (△lesion size%) (R2 = 0.891, P = 0.000).ConclusionChanges in the SUV could be used to predict the prognosis of targeted therapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma.
Are minority status children's cross‐ethnic friendships beneficial in a multiethnic context?
Authors: Bagci Sabahat C. , Rutland Adam , Kumashiro Madoka , Smith Peter K. , Blumberg Herbert 
Published: January 2014

Past research has demonstrated the negative impact of perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) on psychological well‐being among children. Given research demonstrating the benefits of cross‐ethnic friendship for children's intergroup attitudes, we examined whether cross‐ethnic friendships would attenuate the effects of PED on well‐being and resilience within a multi‐ethnic context. Two hundred and forty‐seven South Asian British children (M = 11 years) recruited from 37 classrooms completed measures of perceived cross‐ethnic friendship quantity and quality, PED, psychological well‐being, and resilience. Friendship quality, but not quantity, had direct positive associations with psychological well‐being and resilience. A higher quantity of cross‐ethnic friendships moderated the negative effects of PED on both outcomes. Results suggest that cross‐ethnic friendships are beneficial for South Asian British children by functioning as a protective factor from the negative effects of discrimination within a multi‐ethnic context.
Can creative podcasting promote deep learning? The use of podcasting for learning content in an undergraduate science unit
Authors: Pegrum Mark , Bartle Emma , Longnecker Nancy 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of a podcasting task on the examination performance of several hundred first‐year chemistry undergraduate students. Educational researchers have established that a deep approach to learning that promotes active understanding of meaning can lead to better student outcomes, higher grades and superior retention of knowledge over time. We attempted to promote such an approach by setting a task that involved student collaboration, contextualisation of content, and communication through new media, specifically creative podcasting.Examination results were used as a source of empirical evidence of changes in understanding and retention that occurred for students who completed this task. In comparing results across 2 years on similar questions related to the podcasting topics, we found a statistically significant improvement after introduction of the podcasting task on the questions related to one of the topics on which students had actively created their own podcasts (“acids & bases”), but not on the other (“oxidisation and reduction”). Improved learning outcomes in the form of better understanding and retention over time in at least one case suggest that under some circumstances creative podcasting may indeed help to promote a deep learning approach.