bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on manufacturing of vacuum-brazed grinding tools with diamond grains
Authors: Pahmeyer Rebecca , Stribick Sascha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This work provides an experimental study on manufacturing methods for vacuum-brazed diamond grinding for edge machining of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP). Therefore, various methods for applying active brazing alloys and diamond grains were investigated. The application methods were evaluated regarding practicability and the possibility of automation. Additionally, the samples were examined after vacuum brazing and brazing results were compared concerning method, amount and type of brazing alloy, diamond grains and binding agent. It was found that the best results could be achieved by using fluidized bed coating for diamond application and a brazing alloy containing a 15% binding agent. The method and brazing alloy were then used to produce cylindrical mounted points for grinding tests. It was possible to show that vacuum-brazed tools performed as good as commercially available electroplated tools.
2D vs. 3D Evaluation of Osteocyte Lacunae - Methodological Approaches, Recommended Parameters, and Challenges: A Narrative Review by the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS)
Authors: vom Scheidt Annika , Krug Johannes , Goggin Patricia , Bakker Astrid Diana , Busse Björn 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Quantification of the morphology of osteocyte lacunae has become a powerful tool to investigate bone metabolism, pathologies and aging. This review will provide a brief overview of 2D and 3D imaging methods for the determination of lacunar shape, orientation, density, and volume. Deviations between 2D-based and 3D-based lacunar volume estimations are often not sufficiently addressed and may give rise to contradictory findings. Thus, the systematic error arising from 2D-based estimations of lacunar volume will be discussed, and an alternative calculation proposed. Further, standardized morphological parameters and best practices for sampling and segmentation are suggested.

Recent Findings
We quantified the errors in reported estimation methods of lacunar volume based on 2D cross-sections, which increase with variations in lacunar orientation and histological cutting plane. The estimations of lacunar volume based on common practice in 2D imaging methods resulted in an underestimation of lacunar volume of up to 85% compared to actual lacunar volume in an artificial dataset. For a representative estimation of lacunar size and morphology based on 2D images, at least 400 lacunae should be assessed per sample.
Freedom of Religion and Non-discrimination Based on Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation in Ukraine: Corporate Policy Commitments in Situations of Conflicting Social Expectations
Authors: Horbachevska Tamara , Uvarova Olena , Vovk Dmytro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConflicting social expectations in a particular state affect the interpretation and implementation of international human rights law. Ideological, religious, and legal factors related to the protection of freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) and freedom from discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) in Ukraine put businesses under social pressure. Businesses thus face a legitimate dilemma whether to follow national social expectations perceiving FoRB and freedom from discrimination based on SOGI as rights in conflict or expectations arising from international human rights law establishing both freedoms as equal and non-clashing. Based on desk research and in-depth interviews with business policymakers the article identifies neutrality, ignoring, and active engagement strategies when providing corporate respect to FoRB and SOGI under the business and human rights framework ‘Protect, Respect, Remedy’ which requires responsible business conduct. The article concludes with the implications each strategy has for resolving presumed clashes between FoRB and SOGI at the community level.
Internalized homonegativity and mental health among sexual minority couples and parents
Authors: Shenkman Geva , Ifrah Kfir , Shaia Yuval , Lusky Maya , Samahov Or , Wiener Matan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examined the indirect effect of relationship and parental status on mental health through internalized homonegativity among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. Prior research suggested that being in a relationship and becoming a parent may improve the mental health of LGB individuals, acting as protective factors against stigma and discrimination. However, the role of internalized homonegativity in mental health disparities between LGB individuals in relationships/parents and those who are not remains unclear. Therefore, we surveyed 491 LGB cisgender Israelis aged 18–64 years (M = 33.51, SD = 9.09) assessing relationship status, parental status, internalized homonegativity, depressive symptomatology, and life satisfaction. Indirect effects were explored using the PROCESS macro. Results showed that LGB individuals in romantic relationships reported lower depressive symptomatology and higher life satisfaction compared to those not in relationships. Similarly, LGB individuals who were parents reported lower depressive symptomatology and higher life satisfaction compared to non-parents. Significant indirect effect was found for couplehood/parenthood on depressive symptomatology/life satisfaction through internalized homonegativity. This study deepens the understanding of the interplay between couplehood, parenthood, and internalized homonegativity and their contribution to mental health of LGB individuals. It provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners, highlighting the potential role of couplehood and parenthood in the mental health of sexual minority groups facing legal restrictions on marriage and parenting.
Morphological Features of the Vertebrobasilar System Predict Ischemic Stroke Risk in Spontaneous Vertebral Artery Dissection
Authors: Bao Jiajia , Bai Mateng , Zhou Muke , Fang Jinghuan , Li Yanbo , Guo Jian , He Li 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe vertebral artery’s morphological characteristics are crucial in spontaneous vertebral artery dissection (sVAD). We aimed to investigate morphologic features related to ischemic stroke (IS) and develop a novel prediction model. Out of 126 patients, 93 were finally analyzed. We constructed 3D models and morphological analyses. Patients were randomly classified into training and validation cohorts (3:1 ratio). Variables selected by LASSO — including five morphological features and five clinical characteristics — were used to develop prediction model in the training cohort. The model exhibited a high area under the curve (AUC) of 0.944 (95%CI, 0.862–0.984), with internal validation confirming its consistency (AUC = 0.818, 95%CI, 0.597–0.948). Decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated clinical usefulness. Morphological features significantly contribute to risk stratification in sVAD patients. Our novel developed model, combining interdisciplinary parameters, is clinically useful for predicting IS risk. Further validation and in-depth research into the hemodynamics related to sVAD are necessary.
Quality of life in women with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy: comparison between PICC and PICC-port
Authors: Pinelli Fulvio , Barbani Francesco , Defilippo Barbara , Fundarò Angela , Nella Alessandra , Selmi Valentina , Romagnoli Stefano , Villa Gianluca 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and new type of arm-port, the PICC-port, are currently used for neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment in patients with breast cancer. We aimed to compare Quality of Life (QoL) of patients receiving one of these two devices investigating overall satisfaction, psychological impact, as well as the impact on professional, social and sport activities, and local discomfort.

Methods
We did a prospective observational before–after study of PICCs versus PICC-ports. Adult (aged ≥ 18 years) females with breast cancer candidate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included. The primary outcome was QoL according to the Quality-of-Life Assessment Venous Device Catheters (QLAVD) questionnaire assessed 12 months after device implantation.

Results
Between May 2019 and November 2020, of 278 individuals screened for eligibility, 210 were enrolled. PICC-ports were preferred over PICCs with a QLAVD score of 29 [25; 32] vs 31 [26; 36.5] (p = 0.014). Specifically, most QLAVD constructs related to psychological impact, social aspects, and discomfort were in favor of PICC-ports vs PICC, especially in women under the age of 60. Overall, pain scores at insertion and during therapy administration were not significantly different between the two groups, as well as infection, secondary malpositioning, thrombosis, or obstruction of the device.

Conclusions
In women with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, PICC-ports were overall better accepted than PICCs in terms of QoL, especially in those who were younger. Device-related complications were similar.
Smart manufacturing platform based on input-output empirical relationships for process monitoring
Authors: Ambrogio Giuseppina , Filice Luigino , Gagliardi Francesco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntelligent monitoring and maintenance protocols are undoubtedly crucial for improving manufacturing processes. Accordingly, machine learning techniques and predictive control models have been customized and optimized to account for the specific characteristics of the processes under investigation. In this context, the management of manufacturing processes in a “smart way” requires the development of specific models based on input-output empirical data. The aim of the proposed research was to develop an easily customizable application integrated into a milling process executed at the laboratory level. The application was designed to identify and record the operator, the order and the specific work sequences. It also supports the operator in setting processing parameters according to the type of work sequence to be performed. The application analyses specific process outputs, such as the wear growth on the inserts of the cutter in relation to the main input process parameters: depth of cut, feed rate, and spindle speed. This analysis is implemented by leveraging empirical evidence.
Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut
Authors: Krecu Maximilian , Kölblinger Peter 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Plattenepithelkarzinom (PEK) ist nach dem Basalzellkarzinom der zweithäufigste bösartige Hauttumor und macht ca. 20 % der nichtmelanozytären Hautkrebsfälle aus. Es entsteht durch maligne Transformation der Keratinozyten der Epidermis und der nichtverhornenden hautnahen Schleimhäute meist aus typischen In-situ-Vorläuferläsionen wie der aktinischen Keratose, der aktinischen Cheilitis und dem M. Bowen. UV-Strahlung fungiert als wichtigster karzinogener Stimulus, woraus sich das typische Verteilungsmuster mit 80 % aller PEK auf UV-exponierter Haut ableitet. Zu ca. 95 % ist das PEK ein lokalisiertes Geschehen. Die Metastasierung erfolgt selten und meist lymphogen, kann in Risikogruppen jedoch bis zu 20 % betragen. Prognostische Risikofaktoren sind Tumordicke, Invasionstiefe, Lokalisation an Schleimhaut, Ohr, Schläfe, oder Anogenitalregion sowie ein niedriger Differenzierungsgrad und die perineurale Invasion. Erstlinientherapie ist die Exzision mit Sicherheitsabstand, wobei sich in Problemzonen oder bei unklaren Tumorgrenzen ein mehrzeitiges Vorgehen anbietet. Bei Lymphknotenbeteiligung ist eine regionäre Lymphknotendissektion empfohlen. Eine Radiotherapie kann alleinig oder in Kombination mit der chirurgischen Therapie in adjuvanter, kurativer oder palliativer Indikation zum Einsatz kommen. Im Fall eines lokalen/lokoregionären Rezidiv stellt neben der chirurgischen und Strahlentherapie auch die Elektrochemotherapie eine Alternative dar. Medikamentös werden bei fortgeschrittener Erkrankung die PD-1-Antikörper Cemiplimab sowie der EGFR-Antikörper Cetuximab eingesetzt. Bei Therapieversagen bieten Kombinationstherapien mit EGFR-Blockade und Platinderivaten weitere Möglichkeiten. Gegenstand aktueller Forschung sind der neoadjuvante Einsatz von Cemiplimab, die Kombination von EGFR-Inhibitoren mit Checkpoint-Blockade und intraläsionale Therapieansätze.
Elemental distributions in the marine sediments off Doha, Qatar: role of urbanisation and coastal dynamics
Authors: Hasna Varis Mohammed , Aboobacker Valliyil Mohammed , Dib Samah , Izza Ayisha , Yigiterhan Oguz , Al-Ansari Ebrahim M.A.S. , Vethamony Ponnumony 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the present status and decadal variability of element distributions in the marine sediments off Doha, on the east coast of Qatar. Twenty elements were considered from 11 sediment sampling stations and 3 dust sampling stations by grouping them into major elements, toxic elements, and other trace elements. The results show elevated concentrations of certain toxic and trace elements, including Ba, Be, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, V, Zn, Mg, and Ti, in the nearshore region, primarily influenced by the settling of dissolved elements under weak hydrodynamic circulations in the Doha Bay. The relatively higher currents in offshore enable quick advection and dispersion of the elements. On the other hand, the dust deposits have caused significant contributions to the Al, As, Mg, Ca, Sr, Fe, Zn, and Cd concentrations. Decadal variability is evident in element concentrations, which are linked to the urbanisation of the capital city in the State of Qatar. The Cu, Ni, V, Zn, and Cd concentrations indicate a notable increase in recent years compared to the last two decades, with values of about 20.7, 17.9, 25.0, 25.9, 0.66 ppm in 2022. In contrast, a few other elements fluctuate between the decades/years. The results pointed out the increased elemental concentrations in the bay due to the vast expansion of infrastructure facilities in the vicinity of Doha Bay in recent years. The Geoaccumulation Index resulted in a slight pollution of Cd, while other elements are unpolluted. The Degree of Contamination reveals low degree of contamination of sediments, and the Pollution Load Index illustrates no significant pollution in the sediments off Doha.
Analysis of tumor abnormal protein expression and epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cheng Yuanjun , Chen Bin , Fang Qianru , Zang Guohui , Yao Jie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The level of tumor abnormal protein (TAP) level has a significant impact on tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis. Previous studies have highlighted the influence of the mutations in exons 19 and 21 of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), particularly the sensitivity displayed by tumor cells to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy. Our study is centered on exploring the clinical relevance of TAP and EGFR mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Material and methods
In this study, tissue samples were collected from a total of 176 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Real-time PCR technology was utilized to detect mutations within exons 19 and 21 of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in these samples. This approach enables precise identification of EGFR mutations associated with NSCLC. Furthermore, the study investigated the impact of various tumor markers, including tumor abnormal protein (TAP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), on EGFR mutation status. Established assays were employed to evaluate TAP and CEA levels, aiming to ascertain their potential correlation with EGFR mutation in NSCLC patients.

Results
EGFR exhibited mutation rates of 23.86% and 12.50% in exons 19 and 21, respectively. EGFR mutations were more prevalent in younger women (< 60 years old) and in cases with pleural invasion, vessel invasion, CEA > 6.5 ng/mL, and TAP > 228 µm2 for both genders. Increased TAP levels independently predicted EGFR mutations (P = 0.001 for males; P = 0.000 for females). An area under the curve (AUC) of 0.833 indecated EGFR mutation prediction with sensitivity and specificity of 79.7% and 87.0%, respectively. For females, the sensitivity increased to 89.7% and specificity increased to 93.8%.

Conclusions
TAP effectively predicts EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients with moderate accuracy, particularly benefiting diagnosis in females with high sensitivity and specificity. Integrating TAP assessment into EGFR mutation testing can significantly enhance diagnostic precision, especially in female NSCLC cases.
Investigation of prognostic values of immune infiltration and LGMN expression in the microenvironment of osteosarcoma
Authors: Xu Hualiang , Xu Dawei , Zheng Yinfeng , Wang Huajun , Li Aiguo , Zheng Xiaofei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary malignant bone tumor, predominantly affects children and young adults and is characterized by high invasiveness and poor prognosis. Despite therapeutic advancements, the survival rate remains suboptimal, indicating an urgent need for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of LGMN expression and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment of OS.

Methods
We performed an integrative bioinformatics analysis utilizing the GEO and TARGET-OS databases to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with LGMN in OS. We conducted Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to explore the biological pathways and functions. Additionally, we constructed protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, and applied the CIBERSORT algorithm to quantify immune cell infiltration. The diagnostic and prognostic values of LGMN were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, we employed Consensus Clustering Analysis to explore the heterogeneity within OS samples based on LGMN expression.

Results
The analysis revealed significant upregulation of LGMN in OS tissues. DEGs were enriched in immune response and antigen processing pathways, suggesting LGMN's role in immune modulation within the TME. The PPI and ceRNA network analyses provided insights into the regulatory mechanisms involving LGMN. Immune cell infiltration analysis indicated a correlation between high LGMN expression and increased abundance of M2 macrophages, implicating an immunosuppressive role. The diagnostic AUC for LGMN was 0.799, demonstrating its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. High LGMN expression correlated with reduced overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Importantly, Consensus Clustering Analysis identified two distinct subtypes of OS, highlighting the heterogeneity and potential for personalized medicine approaches.

Conclusions
Our study underscores the prognostic value of LGMN in osteosarcoma and its potential as a therapeutic target. The identification of LGMN-associated immune cell subsets and the discovery of distinct OS subtypes through Consensus Clustering Analysis provide new avenues for understanding the immunosuppressive TME of OS and may aid in the development of personalized treatment strategies. Further validation in larger cohorts is warranted to confirm these findings.
Thymoma resection and myasthenia gravis: what is the neurological outcome in patients older than 65 years?
Authors: Lococo Filippo , Sassorossi Carolina , Maurizi Giulio , Santoro Gloria , Iorio Raffaele , Falso Silvia , Meacci Elisa , Napolitano Antonio Giulio , Congedo Maria Teresa , Cusumano Giacomo , Trabalza Marinucci Beatrice , Argento Giacomo , Chiappetta Marco , Rendina Erino Angelo , Margaritora Stefano 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo increase the neurological results in patients older than 65 years with myasthenia gravis after thymectomy, we retrospectively analysed this outcome in a large bicentric cohort of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG)years, for which surgery was indicated for a concurrent thymoma. From 1/2000 to 2/2022, 502 patients underwent thymectomy for thymic epithelial tumours (TETs) in two high-volume Institutions (167aged more than 65 years). Among them, 66 patients were affected by TET and MG, representing our final study group. The mean age for MG onset was 68.3 ± 6 years.At surgery, the Osserman score 2 was the most diffuse in our cohort (43, 65.1%), followed by 1 (20, 30.3%). In 11 cases, the MG diagnosis coincided with thymoma diagnosis. In the other cases, the interval between MG diagnosis and surgery was 1.7 years ± 1.9. The most common surgical approach was sternotomy (41,62.1%), followed by RATS (14,21.2%). The most frequent TNM stage was T1N0 (75.7%) and most patients had WHO type-B tumour. After radical thymectomy, 58 patients (88%) reported a significant neurological improvement. According to MGFA-PIS, after surgery we had 4 (6%) complete stable remission, 11 (16.7%) pharmacological remission, 43 (65.2%) minimal manifestation, 2 (3%) worsening/death for MG, and 5 (7.6%) unchanged. No association was found between neurological outcome and age of MG onset, kind of pharmacological therapy before surgery, surgical approach (sternotomy vs others), tumour dimension, the ITMIG stage and the preoperative Osserman score. For MG and thymoma-afftected patients over 65 years, thymectomy seems to be an effective treatment to improve neurological symptoms. We suggest to set up clinical trials to explore the neurological efficacy of mini-invasive thymectomy in clinically selected MG patients aged over 65 years.
Pseudospectral analysis for multidimensional fractional Burgers equation based on Caputo fractional derivative
Authors: Singh Harvindra , Mittal A. K. , Balyan L. K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study presents the Chebyshev pseudospectral approach in time and space to approximate a solution to the time-fractional multidimensional Burgers equation. The suggested approach utilizes Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto (CGL) points in both spatial and temporal directions. To figure out the fractional derivative matrix at CGL points, we use the Caputo fractional derivative formula. Further, the Chebyshev fractional derivative matrix is utilized to reduce the given problem in an algebraic system of equations. The numerical approach known as the Newton–Raphson is implemented to get the desired results for the system. Error analysis for the set of values of $$ \nu $$
ν
is done for various model examples of fractional Burgers equations, where $$\nu $$
ν
represents the fractional order. The computed numerical results are in perfect agreement with the exact solutions.