bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian model of metapopulation viability, with application to an endangered amphibian
Authors: Heard Geoffrey W. , McCarthy Michael A. , Scroggie Michael P. , Baumgartner John B. , Parris Kirsten M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimPopulation viability analysis (PVA) is used to quantify the risks faced by species under alternative management regimes. BayesianPVAs allow uncertainty in the parameters of the underlying population model to be easily propagated through to the predictions. We developed a Bayesian stochastic patch occupancy model (SPOM) and used this model to assess the viability of a metapopulation of the growling grass frog (Litoria raniformis) under different urbanization scenarios.LocationMelbourne, Victoria, Australia.MethodsWe fitted a Bayesian model that accounted for imperfect detection to a multiseason occupancy dataset forL. raniformiscollected across northern Melbourne. The probability of extinction was modelled as a function of effective wetland area, aquatic vegetation cover and connectivity, using logistic regression. The probability of colonization was modelled as a function of connectivity alone. We then simulated the dynamics of a metapopulation ofL. raniformissubject to differing levels of urbanization and compensatory wetland creation. Uncertainty was propagated by conducting simulations for 5000 estimates of the parameters of the models for extinction and colonization.ResultsThere was considerable uncertainty in both the probability of quasi‐extinction and the minimum number of occupied wetlands under most urbanization scenarios. Uncertainty around the change in quasi‐extinction risk and minimum metapopulation size increased with increasing habitat loss. For our focal metapopulation, the analysis revealed that significant investment in new wetlands may be required to offset the impacts of urbanization.Main conclusionsBayesian approaches toPVAallow parametric uncertainty to be propagated and considered in management decisions. They also provide means of identifying parameters that represent critical uncertainties, and, through the use of informative priors, can easily assimilate new data to reduce parametric uncertainty. These advantages, and the ready availability of software to run Bayesian analyses, will ensure that Bayesian approaches are used increasingly forPVAs.
Improving decisions for invasive species management: reformulation and extensions of the Panetta–Lawes eradication graph
Authors: Burgman Mark A. , McCarthy Michael A. , Robinson Andrew , Hester Susan M. , McBride Marissa F. , Elith Jane , Dane Panetta F. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimEffective decisions for managing invasive species depend on feedback about the progress of eradication efforts. Panetta & Lawes () developed the eradograph, an intuitive graphical tool that summarizes the temporal trajectories of delimitation and extirpation to support decision‐making. We correct and extend the tool, which was affected by incompatibilities in the units used to measure these features that made the axes impossible to interpret biologically.LocationVictoria, New South Wales and Queensland, Australia.MethodsPanetta and Lawes’ approach represented delimitation with estimates of the changes in the area known to be infested and extirpation with changes in the mean time since the last detection. We retain the original structure but propose different metrics that improve biological interpretability. We illustrate the methods with a hypothetical example and real examples of invasion and treatment of branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) and the guava rust complex (Puccinia psidii (Winter 1884)) in Australia.ResultsThese examples illustrate the potential of the tool to guide decisions about the effectiveness of search and control activities.Main conclusionsThe eradograph is a graphical data summary tool that provides insight into the progress of eradication. Our correction and extension of the tool make it easier to interpret and provide managers with better decision support.
Capturing social impacts for decision‐making: a Multicriteria Decision Analysis perspective
Authors: Estévez Rodrigo A. , Walshe Terry , Burgman Mark A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimWe aim to explore the capacity of MCDA methods to successfully capture social impacts and integrate stakeholders’ participation into environmental decision applications. We follow a theoretical framework that deconstructs the concept of social impact into two components: human impacts and social change processes.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe systematically reviewed the literature on MCDA in the Web of Science (ISI) database, finding 119 papers that meet our search criteria. For each paper, we identified the social change processes or human impacts objectives, along with the attributes that measured them. We also recorded the degree of stakeholder participation in each phase of the MCDA stages.ResultsWe found that MCDA practitioners have increasingly integrated social concerns in the analysis of environmental problems, estimating the potential impacts, and developing participative procedures for stakeholders. We identified 252 objectives that represent human impacts or social change processes. Constructed attributes were the most commonly employed (56%), although natural (20%) and proxy (24%) attributes were also relevant. Estimating human impacts or social change processes can involve public participation, but is not a requirement for MCDA: 42% of papers (n = 50) include stakeholder engagement in one or more stages of the decision‐making process. We found that stakeholders engage differently across case studies, demonstrating that this process is neither simple nor homogenous.Main conclusionsOur review suggests that MCDA methods are appropriate techniques to integrate a wide range of social objectives and stakeholder engagement, supporting well informed and democratic decisions.
Neonatal neuroimaging predicts recruitment of contralesional corticospinal tracts following perinatal brain injury
Authors: van der Aa Niek E , Verhage Cornelia H , Groenendaal Floris , Vermeulen R Jeroen , de Bode Stella , van Nieuwenhuizen Onno , de Vries Linda S 
Published: May 2013

AimUnilateral perinatal brain injury may result in recruitment of ipsilateral projections originating in the unaffected hemisphere and development of unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP). The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of neonatal neuroimaging following perinatal brain injury for recruitment of ipsilateral corticospinal tracts.MethodNeonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cranial ultrasound scans of 37 children (20 males, 17 females; median [range] gestational age 36 wks+4[26+6–42wks+5] and birthweight 2312 g ([770–5230g]) with unilateral perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke (n=23) or periventricular haemorrhagic infarction (n=14) were reviewed and scored for involvement of the corticospinal trajectory. Hand function was assessed using theAssistingHandAssessment (AHA) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was performed (age range 7y 4mo–18y and 7mo) to determine the type of cortical motor organization (normal, mixed or ipsilateral). Neuroimaging scores were used to predictTMSpatterns.ResultsEighteen children developedUSCPwith ipsilateral corticospinal tract projections in 13 children (eight mixed, five ipsilateral).AHAscores decreased with increased ipsilateral projections. Asymmetry of the corticospinal tracts seen on neonatalMRIwas predictive of development ofUSCPand recruitment of ipsilateral tracts (positive and negative predictive value of 73% and 91%).InterpretationNeonatal neuroimaging can predict recruitment of ipsilateral corticospinal tracts. Early knowledge of the expected pattern of cortical motor organization will allow early identification of children eligible for early therapy.
On the track of Bursaphelenchus pinophilus Brzeski and Baujard, 1997 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) in Portugal
Authors: Vieira P. , Mota M. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThis is the first report and characterization of Bursaphelenchus pinophilus in Portugal. This species was isolated from a young dying Pinus pinaster tree located in Valverde, in the Alentejo region. Nematodes were identified using several morphological diagnostic characters for this species (male spicule structure, number of lateral incisures, number and distribution of the male papillae, presence of female vulval flap and female tail shape) and confirmed using RFLP analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA.
Bone marrow cell transcripts from Fanconi anaemia patients reveal in vivo alterations in mitochondrial, redox and DNA repair pathways
Authors: Pagano Giovanni , Talamanca Annarita Aiello , Castello Giuseppe , d'Ischia Marco , Pallardó Federico V. , Petrović Sandra , Porto Beatriz , Tiano Luca , Zatterale Adriana 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFanconi anaemia (FA) is a genetic cancer predisposition disorder associated with cytogenetic instability, bone marrow failure and a pleiotropic cellular phenotype, including low thresholds of responses to oxidative stress, cross‐linking agents and selected cytokines. This study was aimed at defining the scope of abnormalities in gene expression using the publicly available FA Transcriptome Consortium (FTC) database (Gene Expression Omnibus, 2009 and publicly available as GSE16334). We evaluated the data set that included transcriptomal analyses on RNA obtained from low‐density bone marrow cells (BMC) from 20 patients with FA and 11 healthy volunteers, by seeking to identify changes in expression of over 22 000 genes, including a set of genes involved in: (i) bioenergetic pathways; (ii) antioxidant activities; (iii) response to stress and metal‐chelating proteins; (iv) inflammation‐related cytokines and (v) DNA repair. Ontological analysis of genes expressed at magnitudes of 1.5‐fold or greater demonstrated significant suppression of genes in the categories of (i) energy metabolism; (ii) antioxidant activities; and (iii) stress and chelating proteins. Enhanced expression was found for 16 of 26 genes encoding inflammatory cytokines. A set of 20 of 21 transcripts for DNA repair activities were down‐regulated; four of these transcripts related to type II topoisomerase. The data provide evidence for alterations in gene regulation of bioenergetic activities, redox‐related activities, stress and metal‐chelating proteins, and of some selected DNA repair activities in patients with FA.
Feasibility of aqueous shunts for reduction of intraocular pressure in horses
Authors: Townsend W. M. , Langohr I. M. , Mouney M. C. , Moore G. E. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyBased on the current literature, neither medical, surgical nor combination therapy adequately controls equine glaucoma for many horses. Aqueous shunts have been useful in other species to control glaucoma.ObjectivesTo determine whether aqueous shunts in normal equine eyes significantly reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) without causing vision threatening complications.Study designProspective experimental trial.MethodsAqueous shunts were placed in 7 normal eyes of 4 horses. The shunts were placed dorsotemporally. Examinations were initially performed daily for 7 days and after that every 3 days through 4 weeks after implantation. Horses were then subjected to euthanasia and globes enucleated for routine histological examination. The IOPs for each day post operatively were compared to the preoperative value (Day ‐1) using a Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Significance was set at P<0.05.ResultsThe mean IOP preoperatively (20.7 ± 3.0 mmHg) was significantly higher than on any post operative day (P values ranged from 0.018 to 0.048). The aqueous shunts remained in situ for the entire study. Two eyes developed corneal ulcers that resolved. Shallow anterior chambers were noted in 2 eyes after shunt placement, which normalised after placement of full eye cup masks. Histologically, 7/7 eyes had fibrosis surrounding the implant. Minimal peripheral neovascularisation and neutrophilic keratitis were noted in 5/7 eyes. Corneal damage was scored as none in 3/7, mild in 2/7, moderate in 1/7 and marked in 1/7 eyes.ConclusionsAfter placement of aqueous shunts, a significant decrease in IOP was noted from preoperatively (Day ‐1) to Day 28 despite fibrosis surrounding the implants. No vision threatening complications were noted.Potential relevanceAqueous shunts may represent a feasible therapeutic option for equine glaucoma. The results of this study suggest that further studies in glaucomatous horses would be warranted.The Summary is available in Chinese – see Supporting information.
TRPV3: a ‘more than skinny’ channel
Authors: Nilius Bernd , Bíró Tamás 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe skin is our largest organ serving different tasks from barrier formation through somatosensing to hair development. Recently, members of the large trp (Transient Receptor Potential, TRP) gene family encoding proteins that form cation selective ion channel have been identified to play a crucial role in skin functions. Within the 28 different mammalian TRP channels, TRPV3 might be the most important member in the skin. This review gives an overview on functional properties of TRPV3 in skin physiology and in certain skin diseases.
Functional and molecular genetic analyses of nine newly identified XPD‐deficient patients reveal a novel mutation resulting in TTD as well as in XP/CS complex phenotypes
Authors: Schäfer Annika , Gratchev Alexei , Seebode Christina , Hofmann Lars , Schubert Steffen , Laspe Petra , Apel Antje , Ohlenbusch Andreas , Tzvetkov Mladen , Weishaupt Carsten , Oji Vinzenz , Schön Michael P. , Emmert Steffen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) group D protein is involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) as well as in basal transcription. Determined by the type of XPD mutation, six different clinical entities have been distinguished: XP, XP with neurological symptoms, trichothiodystrophy (TTD), XP⁄TTD complex, XP⁄Cockayne syndrome (CS) complex or the cerebro‐oculo‐facio‐skeletal syndrome (COFS). We identified nine new XPD‐deficient patients. Their fibroblasts showed reduced post‐UV cell survival, reduced NER capacity, normal XPD mRNA expression and partly reduced XPD protein expression. Six patients exhibited a XP phenotype in accordance with established XP‐causing mutations (c.2079G>A, p.R683Q; c.2078G>T, p.R683W; c.1833G>T, p.R601L; c.1878G>C, p.R616P; c.1878G>A, p.R616Q). One TTD patient was homozygous for the known TTD‐causing mutation p.R722W (c.2195C>T). Two patients were compound heterozygous for a TTD‐causing mutation (c.366G>A, p.R112H) and a novel p.D681H (c.2072G>C) amino acid exchange, but exhibited different TTD and XP/CS complex phenotypes, respectively. Interestingly, the XP/CS patient's cells exhibited a reduced but well detectable XPD protein expression compared with hardly detectable XPD expression of the TTD patient's cells. Same mutations with different clinical outcomes in NER‐defective patients demonstrate the complexity of phenotype–genotype correlations, for example relating to additional genetic variations (parental consanguinity), different allelic expression due to SNPs or differences in the methylation status.
TRAIL‐induced miR‐146a expression suppresses CXCR4‐mediated human breast cancer migration
Authors: Wang Dongsheng , Liu Dan , Gao Jing , Liu Min , Liu Shilian , Jiang Minghong , Liu Yanxin , Zheng Dexian 
Published: May 2013

Tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) is considered a promising agent for cancer therapy, as this molecule induces apoptosis specifically in various cancer cells. Apart from apoptosis, TRAIL also induces non‐apoptotic signals, such as those for autophagy, proliferation and metastasis in cancer cells. In the present study, we report that TRAIL suppressed CXCR4‐mediated human breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cell migration by up‐regulating miR‐146a expression through NF‐κB. TRAIL receptor 1 (TRAIL‐R1, DR4) was highly expressed in TRAIL‐treated MDA‐MB‐231 cells. A neutralization antibody against DR4 specifically blocked TRAIL‐induced NF‐κB activation and miR‐146a expression. These results were confirmed in a human breast cancer xenograft mouse model, suggesting that TRAIL significantly enhanced miR‐146a expression and suppressed CXCR4 expression, indicating that TRAIL‐induced miR‐146a up‐regulation is negatively associated with CXCR4 expression. These findings suggest that TRAIL‐induced miR‐146a expression suppresses CXCR4‐mediated human breast cancer migration, and provide further insight into the non‐apoptotic function of TRAIL in the prevention of metastasis as a therapy for breast cancer.
Managing people, water, food and fish in the Murray–Darling Basin, south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Koehn J. D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) covers 1.1 million km2, involves six legislative jurisdictions, a myriad of different agencies and illustrates the many complexities of managing fishes, people and water. Its rivers provide water for agriculture, are highly regulated and generally in poor health. Water allocation reform is underway to improve ecological condition but provision of water for environmental outcomes competes with agricultural requirements. Murray–Darling Basin rivers and fishes are important culturally and contribute substantially to tourism and recreational fishing. The MDB has a low number of fish species, now estimated to be at 10% of their pre‐European abundance, and all subject to a range of threats, many related to water use and associated infrastructure. The MDB Native Fish Strategy takes a coordinated, long‐term, whole‐of‐fish‐community approach to address priority threats and rehabilitate populations. This strategy provides a holistic approach with many actions that complement the potential benefits of water reform.
Tannins in forage plants and their role in animal husbandry and environmental sustainability: a review
Authors: Piluzza G. , Sulas L. , Bullitta S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe literature about tannins, polyphenolic secondary metabolites of plants, with both beneficial and adverse function according to their concentration and chemical structure, is vast and often conflicting. Tannins in forages have often been described as antinutritional factors, but this review aims to update information on beneficial effects on animals and the environment. Although research on the relation between tannins and animal production and health, for example, dry‐matter intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and diseases, has mainly focused on condensed tannins, this review also discusses potential benefits from the use of hydrolysable tannins as a feed additive. Attention is given to the use of tannins in the mitigation of methane emissions from ruminants in forage‐based feeding systems and as a natural and ecologically friendly resource for improvement of nutrient utilization and environmental sustainability in meat and dairy farming.
Intensive rehabilitation for dementia improved cognitive function and reduced behavioral disturbance in geriatric health service facilities in Japan
Authors: Toba Kenji , Nakamura Yu , Endo Hidetoshi , Okochi Jiro , Tanaka Yukiko , Inaniwa Chiyako , Takahashi Akira , Tsunoda Naoko , Higashi Kentaro , Hirai Motoharu , Hirakawa Hiroyuki , Yamada Shizuru , Maki Yohko , Yamaguchi Tomoharu , Yamaguchi Haruyasu 
Published: May 2013

AimTo examine the efficacy of rehabilitation for elderly individuals with dementia at intermediate facilities between hospitals and home, based on the policies for elderly individuals to promote community‐based care at home and dehospitalization.MethodsParticipants were older adults with dementia newly admitted to intermediate facilities. A total of 158 in the intervention group who claimed Long‐Term Care Insurance for three consecutive months, and 54 in the control group were included in the analysis. The interventions were carried out in a tailor‐made manner to meet individual needs. The personal sessions were carried out three times a week for 3 months after admission by physical, occupational or speech therapists. Outcome measures were cognitive tests (Hasegawa Dementia Scale revised [HDS‐R] and Mini‐Mental State Examination), and observational assessments of dementia severity, activities of daily living (ADL), social activities, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) using a short version of the Dementia Disturbance Scale (DBD13), depressive mood, and vitality.ResultsSignificant improvement in the intervention group was shown in cognitive function measured by HDS‐R (interaction F[1, 196] = 5.190, P = 0.024), observational evaluation of dementia severity (F[1,198] = 9.550, P = 0.002) and BPSD (DBD13; F[1,197] = 4.506, P = 0.035). Vitality, social activities, depressive mood and ADL were significantly improved only in the intervention group, although interaction was not significant.ConclusionsSignificant improvement by intervention was shown in multiple domains including cognitive function and BPSD. Cognitive decline and worsening of BPSD are predictors of care burden and hospitalization, thus intensive rehabilitation for dementia was beneficial for both individuals with dementia and their caregivers. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 206–211.
Prevalence and determinants of use of potentially inappropriate medications in elderly inpatients: A prospective study in a tertiary healthcare setting
Authors: Undela Krishna , Bansal Dipika , D'Cruz Sanjay , Sachdev Atul , Tiwari Pramil 
Published: May 2013

AimTo determine the prevalence and predictors of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) prescribing in elderly inpatients using the modified American Geriatrics Society (AGS) updated Beers criteria 2012 and comparing it with the Beers criteria 2003.MethodsThe prospective observational study was carried out between September 2011 and May 2012 at a public teaching hospital. Elderly inpatients aged ≥60 years were included. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of PIM prescribing.ResultsThe results were based on data of 502 patients; more than half (60%) were males and 66% were aged between 60–69 years with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) of 68 (7) years. Mean (SD) number of diagnoses and medications were three (1) and nine (4), respectively. A total of 81 (16%) patients were prescribed with at least ≥1 PIM according to modified AGS updated Beers criteria 2012, compared with 11% according to Beers criteria 2003. On multivariate regression, important predictors for PIM prescribing were found to be age ≥80 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–3.12; P = 0.03), male sex (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.06–1.84; P = 0.03), more than three diagnoses (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.59–3.39; P = 0.04), ≥6 medications prescribed (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.35; P = 0.03) and ≥10 days of hospital stay (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.09–2.31; P = 0.02).ConclusionsThe results show that PIM prescribing is common among hospitalized elderly Indian patients. It is feasible to reduce this practice through the provision of appropriate unbiased information to healthcare professionals. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 251–258.