bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wearable sensors bring new benefits to continuous medical monitoring, real time physical activity assessment, baby monitoring and industrial applications
Authors: Bloss Richard 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to review the recent advancements in the development of wearable sensors which can continuously monitor critical medical, assess athletic activity, watch babies and serve industrial applications.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper presents an in-depth review of a number of developments in wearable sensing and monitoring technologies for medical, athletic and industrial applications. Researchers and companies around the world were contacted to discuss their direction and progress in this field of medical condition and industrial monitoring, as well as discussions with medical personnel on the perceived benefits of such technology.

Findings
– Dramatic progress is being made in continuous monitoring of many important body functions that indicate critical medical conditions that can be life-threatening, contribute to blindness or access activity. In the industrial arena, wearable devices bring remote monitoring to a new level.

Practical implications
– Doctors will be able to replace one-off tests with continuous monitoring that provides a much better continuous real-time “view” into the patient’s conditions. Wearable monitors will help provide much better medical care in the future. Industrial managers and others will be able to monitor and supervise remotely.

Originality/value
– An expert insight into advancements in medical condition monitoring that replaces the one-time “finger prick” type testing only performed in the doctor’s office. It is also a look at how wearable monitoring is greatly improved and serving athletics, the industry and parents.
Eradicating down the food chain: optimal multispecies eradication schedules for a commonly encountered invaded island ecosystem
Authors: Bode Michael , Baker Christopher M. , Plein Michaela 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Islands are global hotspots of both biodiversity and extinction. Invasive species are a primary threat, and the majority of islands have been invaded by more than one. Multispecies eradications are essential for conserving the biodiversity of these islands, but experience has shown that eradicating species at the wrong time can be disastrous for endemic species.

Managers not only have to decide how to eradicate each invasive species, they need to determine when to target each species, and how to control multiple species with a limited budget. We use dynamic control theory to show that, when resources are limited, species should be eradicated in a particular order (an eradication schedule). We focus on a common invaded island ecosystem motif, where one invasive predator consumes two prey species (one endemic, one invasive), and managers wish to eradicate both invasives while ensuring the persistence of the endemic species. We identify the optimal eradication schedule for this entire class of problem. To illustrate the application of our solution, we also analyse a particular case study from California's Channel Islands.

For any island ecosystem that shares this motif, managers should begin by allocating all of their resources towards invasive predator control. Only later should resources be shifted towards controlling the invasive prey. This shift should ideally be gradual, but an abrupt shift is very close to optimal. The Channel Islands case study confirms these findings. Targeting both species simultaneously is substantially suboptimal.

We reach the robust conclusion that the same eradication schedule should be applied to any island with this ecosystem motif, even if the ecosystem contains different species to the Channel Islands case study.

Synthesis and applications. Although very numerous, the world's invaded island ecosystems could be described by a limited range of invaded ecosystem motifs. By calculating robust optimal eradication schedules for each motif, the approach defined in this study could offer rapid decision‐support for a large number of future conservation projects where specific data are scarce.
Prevalence, course and determinants of carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms during pregnancy: a prospective study
Authors: Meems M , Truijens SEM , Spek V , Visser LH , Pop VJM 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence, severity and relation to fluid retention of self‐reported pregnancy‐related carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) symptoms in a large sample of pregnant women.DesignA prospective longitudinal cohort study.SettingDutch women who became pregnant between January 2013 and January 2014 in the southeast of The Netherlands.Population or sampleA total of 639 Dutch pregnant women.MethodsBaseline characteristics were assessed at 12 weeks’ gestation. CTS symptoms were assessed using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) at 32 weeks and during the first postpartum week regarding the last weeks of pregnancy. Fluid retention, sleeping problems and depressive symptoms (using the Edinburgh Depression Scale) were assessed at several time points during pregnancy.Main outcome measuresBCTQ scores, fluid retention and sleeping problems.ResultsOf the 639 women, 219 (34%) reported CTS symptoms during pregnancy. Total mean scores on the BCTQ were significantly higher after 32 weeks’ than up to 32 weeks’ gestation. Most women experienced mild to moderate symptoms. Pregnant women with CTS symptoms reported significantly higher levels of fluid retention during gestation compared with pregnant women without CTS symptoms [F = 60.6, df (1598), P < 0.001], adjusted for body mass index (BMI), age, parity, and depression scores. Higher scores on fluid retention throughout the pregnancy were significantly related to CTS (OR = 1.8, 95%CI 1.5, 2.1, P < 0.001). Finally, the occurrence of CTS was independently related to sleeping problems.ConclusionsAlthough the severity of symptoms and functional impairment of CTS were relatively mild, health care professionals should be aware of the high prevalence. The occurrence of CTS symptoms is significantly higher in women who report fluid retention during gestation and it can contribute to sleeping problems.
Assessing the Value and Role of Seafood Traceability from an Entire Value‐Chain Perspective
Authors: Sterling Brian , Gooch Martin , Dent Benjamin , Marenick Nicole , Miller Alexander , Sylvia Gilbert 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe traceability practices and systems of 48 separate seafood businesses were assessed as part of an evaluation of 9 global seafood value chains (from catch to point of sale to the consumer). The purpose was to gain insights and provide knowledge about the impact of traceability on improving seafood industry business performance, including reducing waste, and enhancing consumer trust. In addition, the project developed and delivered a tool that can be used by stakeholders that are seeking to better understand the return on investment of implementation of traceability practices and solutions. Using structured and semistructured interviews of over 80 individuals, the research revealed that traceability is more highly valued by businesses, regardless of their size, if they engage more often in highly collaborative activities with their suppliers and customers. A survey in 5 nations about consumer perceptions with regards to seafood and the key factors influencing their purchasing decisions delivered insights into the discrete choices that consumers make when buying seafood products. The consumer survey data were incorporated into a “Discrete Choice Simulator” that others can use to compare and contrast the preferences of consumers in these countries and better understand what factors regarding traceability impact on their buying decisions. The research concluded with several recommendations for businesses, governments, and nongovernment organizations.
Comparative Analysis of the Public Health Role of Two Types of Death Investigation Systems in Texas: Application of Essential Services
Authors: Drake Stacy A. , Cron Stanley G. , Giardino Angelo , Trevino Vanessa , Nolte Kurt B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to assess the practices of death investigation agencies in Texas and to investigate the differences between justices of the peace (JPs) and medical examiner perceptions of their role and responsibilities. A survey was conducted in which justices of the peace and medical examiners (MEs) were questioned on their agency's policies and practices in regard to essential services provided using a recently published 50‐item instrument subdivided into 10 essential services areas. The study used a quantitative descriptive cross‐sectional design in which nonparametric analysis was used to ascertain differences between groups. The sample size for analysis was composed of 10 (83%) ME offices and 112 (15.5%) JPs. This statewide study found significant differences between MEs and JPs. These differences reflect the variation in educational background, understanding and implementation of essential services, and the appreciation of the needs of a system to be both collaborative and independent.
An Accelerated Analytical Process for the Development of STR Profiles for Casework Samples
Authors: Laurin Nancy , Frégeau Chantal J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSignificant efforts are being devoted to the development of methods enabling rapid generation of short tandem repeat (STR) profiles in order to reduce turnaround times for the delivery of human identification results from biological evidence. Some of the proposed solutions are still costly and low throughput. This study describes the optimization of an analytical process enabling the generation of complete STR profiles (single‐source or mixed profiles) for human identification in approximately 5 h. This accelerated process uses currently available reagents and standard laboratory equipment. It includes a 30‐min lysis step, a 27‐min DNA extraction using the Promega Maxwell®16 System, DNA quantification in <1 h using the Qiagen Investigator® Quantiplex HYres kit, fast amplification (<26 min) of the loci included in AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler®, and analysis of the profiles on the 3500‐series Genetic Analyzer. This combination of fast individual steps produces high‐quality profiling results and offers a cost‐effective alternative approach to rapid DNA analysis.
A New Axymyiid Genus with Two New Species from the Middle Jurassic of China (Diptera: Nematocera: Axymyiidae)
Authors: Guifeng SHI , Yan ZHU , Chungkun SHIH , Dong REN 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:The Axymyiidae is one of the small families of the suborder Nematocera within the Diptera. Up to date, three genera and seven species of extant axymyiids have been described from the Holarctic Region, including Canada, China, Hungary, Japan, Russia, and USA, with three genera and three species of fossil taxa described from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, northeastern China. A new genus Raraxymyia gen. nov. and two new species, R. parallela and R. proxima gen. et sp. nov. from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China, are herein described based on their well‐preserved wings and body characters. A revised key to the genera of axymyiids is provided.
Titanium, Ti, A New Mineral Species from Luobusha, Tibet, China
Authors: Qingsong FANG , Wenji BAI , Jingsu YANG , He RONG , Nicheng SHI , Guowu LI , Ming XIONG , Zhesheng MA 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:We describe the new mineral species titanium, ideally Ti, found in the podiform chromitites of the Luobusha ophiolite in Tibet, People's Republic of China. The irregular crystals range from 0.1 to 0.6 mm in diameter and form an intergrowth with coesite and kyanite. Titanium is silver grey in colour, the luster is metallic, it is opaque, the streak is grayish black, and it is non‐fluorescent. The mineral is malleable, has a rough to hackly fracture and has no apparent cleavage. The estimated Mohs hardness is 4, and the calculated density is 4.503 g/cm3. The composition is Ti 99.23–100.00 wt%. The mineral is hexagonal, space group P63/mmc. Unit‐cell parameters are a 2.950 (2) Å, c 4.686 (1) Å, V 35.32 (5) Å3, Z= 2. The five strongest powder diffraction lines [d in Å (hkl) (I/I0)] are: 2.569 (010) (32), 2.254(011) (100), 1.730 (012) (16), 1.478 (110) (21), and 0.9464 (121) (8). The species and name were approved by the CNMNC (IMA 2010‐044).
Fingered Intrusion of Shallow Saucer‐shaped Igneous Sills: Insights from the Jiaojiang Sag, East China Sea
Authors: Rui GUO , Gongcheng ZHANG , Jinwei ZHANG , Xingbin ZHAO , Junbang LIU , Dawei YUAN , Shuang SONG 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:An extensive suite of igneous sills was intruded into the Tertiary sedimentary section of the Jiaojiang sag, East China Sea. This suite has been well imaged offshore through 2D and 3D seismic surveys, showing a close relationship with CO2 content in nearby gas discoveries. A new observational model, which incorporates simple upward propagation, simple horizontal propagation, and transgressive propagation, was proposed to interpret these sill intrusions. In this model, the source magma of the saucer‐shaped sills was injected from their lowest points near the center. The transgressive propagation can be interpreted as a combination of the vertical and horizontal propagation. Most shallow sub‐volcanic intrusions in the Jiaojiang sag exhibit fingered characteristics, both vertically and horizontally. The vertical fingered propagation produced saucer‐shaped sills arranged in the flower style. Along the brims of lower sills could usually be found the upper sills, which are interpreted to have formed simultaneously with or later than the lower feeder sills. In the second type, the chilled paths of the older sills were reutilized by subsequent intrusions. The horizontal fingered propagation formed sheet intrusions that exhibit groove, lobate, tubular, and crevasse splay‐like geometry in plan view. In 3D view, the sheet intrusions have still preserved the lower center and higher rim that similar with the sub‐rounded saucer‐shaped sills. Although fracture propagation may be important, flow inflation was the key mechanism of magma intrusion. Further consideration of the mechanisms underlying sill formation may help explain the fingered characteristics of sill propagation.
Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Compositions: How Lacustrine Environmental Factors Respond in Northwestern and Northeastern China
Authors: Chengjun ZHANG , Rong FAN , Jun LI , MISCHKE Steffen , DEMBELE Blaise , Xiaolan HU 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:Surface lake sediments, 28 from Hoh Xil, 24 from northeastern China, 99 from Lake Bosten, 31 from Ulungur and 26 from Heihai were collected to determine δ13C and δ18O values. Considering the impact factors, conductivity, alkalinity, pH, TOC, C/N and carbonate‐content in the sediments, Cl, P, S, and metal element ratios of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Fe/Mn of bulk sediments as environmental variables enable evaluation of their influences on δ13C and δ18O using principal component analysis (PCA) method. The closure and residence time of lakes can influence the correlation between δ13C and δ18O. Lake water will change from fresh to brackish with increasing reduction and eutrophication effects. Mg/Ca in the bulk sediment indicates the characteristic of residence time, Sr/Ca and Fe/Mn infer the salinity of lakes. Carbonate formation processes and types can influence the δ13C‐δ18O correlation. δ18O will be heavier from Mg‐calcite and aragonite formed in a high‐salinity water body than calcite formed in freshwater conditions. When carbonate content is less than 30%, there is no relationship with either δ13C or δ18O, and also none between δ13C and δ18O. More than 30%, carbonate content, however, co‐varies highly to δ13C and δ18O, and there is also a high correlation between δ13C and δ18O. Vegetation conditions and primary productivity of lakes can influence the characteristics of δ13C and δ18O, and their co‐variance. Total organic matter content (TOC) in the sediments is higher with more terrestrial and submerged plants infilling. In northeastern and northwestern China, when organic matter in the lake sediments comes from endogenous floating organisms and algae, the δ13C value is high. δ13C is in the range of −4%o to 0‰ when organic matter comes mainly from floating organisms (C/N<6); in the range of −4‰ to 8‰ when organic matter comes from diatoms (C/N=6 to 8); and −8‰ to −4‰ when organic matter comes from aquatic and terrestrial plants (C/N>8).
Isotopic Compositions of Sulfur in the Jinshachang Lead–Zinc Deposit, Yunnan, China, and its Implication on the Formation of Sulfur‐Bearing Minerals
Authors: Junhao BAI , Zhilong HUANG , Dan ZHU , Zaifei YAN , Jiaxi ZHOU 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:The Jinshachang lead–zinc deposit is mainly hosted in the Upper Neoproterozoic carbonate rocks of the Dengying Group and located in the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou (SYG) Pb–Zn–Ag multi‐metal mineralization area in China. Sulfides minerals including sphalerite, galena and pyrite postdate or coprecipitate with gangue mainly consisting of fluorite, quartz, and barite, making this deposit distinct from most lead‐zinc deposits in the SYG. This deposit is controlled by tectonic structures, and most mineralization is located along or near faults zones. Emeishan basalts near the ore district might have contributed to the formation of orebodies. The δ34S values of sphalerite, galena, pyrite and barite were estimated to be 3.6‰–13.4‰, 3.7‰–9.0‰, −6.4‰ to 29.2‰ and 32.1‰–34.7‰, respectively. In view of the similar δ34S values of barite and sulfates being from the Cambrian strata, the sulfur of barite was likely derived from the Cambrian strata. The homogenization temperatures (T≈ 134–383°C) of fluid inclusions were not suitable for reducing bacteria, therefore, the bacterial sulfate reduction could not have been an efficient path to generate reduced sulfur in this district. Although thermochemical sulfate reduction process had contributed to the production of reduced sulfur, it was not the main mechanism. Considering other aspects, it can be suggested that sulfur of sulfides should have been derived from magmatic activities. The δ34S values of sphalerite were found to be higher than those of coexisting galena. The equilibrium temperatures calculated by using the sulfur isotopic composition of mineral pairs matched well with the homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions, suggesting that the sulfur isotopic composition in ore‐forming fluids had reached a partial equilibrium.
Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology of Maastrichtian Sediments in the Zagros Basin, Iran
Authors: SHIRAZI Mahnaz Parvaneh Nejad , SHAMS Pegah , BAHRAMI Mohammad 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:To enable the lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic study of the Gurpi Formation, within the ‘Dezak’ or Globigerina Marl, a stratigraphic section at Booraki, located to the NNW of Shiraz, SW Iran, through the late Cretaceous was examined. The formation consists of shale and greenish‐gray marls interbedded with cream limestone, brown sandstones and siltstones with an exposed thickness of 160 m in the studied section. Samples were taken at regular intervals in all yielding 14 genera and 16 different species of benthic and planktic foraminifera that allowed determination of the age of the beds as Maastrichtian. To examine the paleoecology of the formation, some important ecological factors including water level, salinity, and oxygen regime change during the depositional courses of the formation were analyzed. The density of foraminiferans decreases from the base to top of the Gurpi Formation whereas the ratio of planktic to benthic Foraminifera (i.e., P/B) and proportion of shallow‐water fauna increase. These foraminiferal changes indicate an increase and decrease in depth, temperature, salinity and oxygen, respectively, at the base and top of the Formation.
Assessment of Metals Concentration and Ecotoxicology of the Sediment Core of Rehri Creek, Karachi Coast, Pakistan
Authors: CHAUDHARY Muhammad Z. , AHMAD Nasir , MASHIATULLAH Azhar , MUNIR Sajjad , JAVED Tariq 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:Trace metal concentrations were investigated in a recent sediment core collected from the Rehri Creek area of the Karachi coast, Sindh ‐ Pakistan. The core was sliced horizontally at 2.5‐cm intervals to determine grain size, sediment composition, pH, organic matter, and acid‐leach able trace metals: cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc. The trace metals were analyzed by ICP. To separate anthropogenic from geogenic input, several approaches were made, including comparison with sediment quality guidelines—ecotoxicological sense of heavy metal contamination and classification by quantitative indexes. Grain‐size analysis and sediment composition of core sample show a sandy nature with neutral pH. Elemental sequence (ES) of the trace metals is in the order of Zn (19.2–109.56 ppm) > Si (66.46–101.71 ppm) > Ba (12.05–26.86 ppm) > As (8.18–17.36 ppm) > Ni (4.2–14.69 ppm) > Cr (3.02–9.62 ppm) > Pb (2.79–6.83 ppm) > Cu (2.2–5.29 ppm) > Co (0.9–2.05 ppm). Thus it is likely that the area may face a serious threat of metal pollution with the present deposition rates unless stringent pollution control norms are adopted. The Sediment Geo‐accumulation Index shows that there is no Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, or Fe pollution; however, the former index and the Pollution Load Index indicate arsenic pollution in the sediments.
Climate Reconstruction based on Pollen Analysis in Inner Mongolia, North China from 51.9 to 30.6 kaBP
Authors: Suping LI , FERGUSON David K. , Yong WANG , Jinfeng LI , Jianxin YAO 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:The palynomorph assemblage of lake sediments younger than 51.9 kaBP from Wulagai Gobi in Inner Mongolia was analyzed to reconstruct the vegetation and climate. From 51.9 to 30.6 kaBP, the vegetation was arid to semi‐arid grassland with only slight changes. According to the palynomorphs, trees and shrubs were very rare. The large number and diversity of algae indicate the presence of a lake. Quantitative climatic conditions were reconstructed using the Best Analogues Method. The results indicate that the annual mean temperature was higher than that at present. The combination of temperature and annual precipitation suggests a change in the climate from cool dry to warm dry and then cool humid. Our results show that the annual precipitation values were mostly higher than that at present but were lower than 400 mm. It infers that the study area was already within the arid to semi‐arid regions but with a stronger influence of the summer monsoon during 51.9 to 30.6 kaBP than at present. With slight differences mainly in time scale, the changing trend of the annual temperature curve is consistent with the other climatic records from Antarctica, Greenland, Hulu Cave (East China), and the Tibetan Plateau during the last glacial period. From 30.6 kaBP to present, very few palynomorphs were detected in the samples. Hence, no information about the vegetation and climate could be extracted. Combined with other studies during Late Pleistocene, we presume that the reason for the lack of pollen during this period was caused by an abrupt temperature fall after 30.6 kaBP or that the lacustrine conditions were unsuitable for pollen deposition. It was probably incurred by the oxidation on land prior to deposition. But for those samples only with algae, it might be caused by the fact that algae could finish their life history in a very short time in a seasonal lake.