bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Brugada Syndrome: A Survey of Pediatric Electrophysiologists
Authors: HARRIS BRONWYN U. , MIYAKE CHRISTINA Y. , MOTONAGA KARA S. , DUBIN ANNE M. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundBrugada syndrome (BrS) can be difficult to diagnose and treat, especially in the young patient. As there is currently no consensus on the evaluation and treatment of BrS in the pediatric population, we sought to describe the current practice for the diagnosis and treatment of BrS among pediatric electrophysiologists.MethodsA web‐based survey was distributed to 204 physician members (MDs) of The Pediatric and Adult Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES). Practice characteristics, BrS patient attributes, and diagnostic and therapeutic preferences were collected.ResultsResponses were obtained from 83 pediatric electrophysiologists. The most common initial presentation was family history. There is a large variation in testing, particularly in the use of electrophysiology (EP) studies, drug challenge testing, and genetic testing. Despite limited treatment options, there is only consensus in the therapeutic approach to the pediatric patient with symptomatic BrS with 97% of physicians recommending an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). In the asymptomatic patient, a wide variation in therapy was seen with only 27% of physicians recommending an ICDConclusionsSignificant practice variation exists among pediatric electrophysiologists with deviation from accepted diagnostic and therapeutic practices for adult BrS patients. Further studies are necessary to establish best practice guidelines for BrS in the pediatric EP community.
Paterimitra pyramidalis from South Australia: scleritome, shell structure and evolution of a lower Cambrian stem group brachiopod
Authors: Larsson Cecilia M. , Skovsted Christian B. , Brock Glenn A. , Balthasar Uwe , Topper Timothy P. , Holmer Lars E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe tommotiid Paterimitra pyramidalis Laurie, 1986, is redescribed based on well‐preserved material from the lower Cambrian Wilkawillina, Wirrapowie and Ajax limestones of the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. The material shows that the scleritome of Paterimitra pyramidalis includes three sclerite morphotypes (S1, S2 and L). Detailed shell microstructure studies show striking similarities with both the paterinid brachiopod Askepasma toddense and the tommotiid Eccentrotheca helenia, which strengthens the suggested evolutionary link between tommotiids and brachiopods. Based on the partly articulated specimens and similarities in shell microstructure and sclerite morphology with Eccentrotheca, Paterimitra pyramidalis is reconstructed as a tube‐dwelling, epifaunal, sessile, filter‐feeder with an organic pedicle‐like attachment structure. The proposed reconstruction of the scleritome comprises a basal unit composed of one S1 and one S2 sclerite, as well as an unresolved number of L sclerites lining a coniform tubular structure.
Suppression of UV‐B stress responses by flg22 is regulated at the chromatin level via histone modification
Authors: SCHENKE DIRK , CAI DAGUANG , SCHEEL DIERK 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGenes of the flavonol pathway are activated by UV‐B, but suppressed by concomitant flg22 application in Arabidopsis. Analysis at the metabolite level suggested that this regulation allows the plant to focus its secondary metabolism on the plant defence towards pathogen attack. We now demonstrate by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative PCR, that this antagonistic gene regulation is mediated at the chromatin level by differential regulation of histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac), which is a hallmark for gene activation. Since H3K9ac levels were altered at least at four independent gene loci, namely, chalcone synthase, chalcone‐flavone isomerase, flavanone 3‐hydroxylase and the positive regulator MYB12, which correlates with the observed gene activation/suppression reported previously, it appears that this process is mediated by chromatin remodelling. Since suppression of H3K9ac prevents gene expression, we conclude H3K9ac is rather cause than consequence of gene activation. This finding allows us also to extend our working model, involving the two opposing MYB transcription factors of the flavonol pathway, MYB12 (being UV‐B‐activated and flg22‐suppressed) and MYB4 (a negative regulator, which is activated by both flg22 and UV‐B stress).
Natural History of Atypical and Equivocal Melanocytic Lesions in Children: An Observational Study of 19 Cases
Authors: Pizzichetta Maria A. , Talamini Renato , Stanganelli Ignazio , Soyer Hans Peter 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDigital dermoscopy follow‐up helps to identify patterns of change typical of common atypical nevi and early melanoma and improves the follow‐up of patients with atypical nevi. We report the morphologic changes observed over time in 19 atypical or equivocal acquired melanocytic nevi that underwent dermoscopic follow‐up. Two observers retrospectively examined digitalized dermoscopic images of 19 atypical melanocytic nevi from 15 children and young adults (median age 12 years, range 3–26 years). The images were assessed for global dermoscopic patterns at baseline and after a median 25‐month (range 6–138 mos) follow‐up. Ten (52.6%) nevi changed and nine (47.4%) retained a stable dermoscopic pattern. Of the 10 changing lesions, 2 of 4 homogeneous nevi evolved into a reticular pattern and 2 into a mixed pattern; 1 of 2 nevi with a mixed pattern evolved into a homogeneous nevus and 1 into a regressing nevus; 1 of 2 nevi with “other” patterns, such as negative pigment network and peppering throughout the lesion, evolved into a mixed nevus and 1 into a regressing nevus; 1 globular nevus evolved into a mixed pattern; and 1 starburst nevus evolved into a homogeneous nevus. The most striking results of our study were that atypical nevi can evolve into common nevi or they can regress, as documented by long‐term dermoscopic follow‐up. In children and young adults, dermoscopic follow‐up of atypical nevi might be a valid alternative to surgical excision and enables us to achieve new insights into the natural history of these nevi.
Specific turion yields of different clones of Spirodela polyrhiza depend on external phosphate thresholds
Authors: Appenroth K.‐J. , Adamec L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTurions play an important role in the survival strategy of the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza. Therefore, factors influencing the formation of these survival organs were studied. Phosphate deficiency is the main natural factor inducing turion formation and the specific turion yield (SY), i.e. the number of turions formed per frond, varied widely for five different clones from different climate zones. The concentrations of phosphate and nitrate in the nutrient media were investigated at the onset of turion formation, with SY ranging from 0.22 to 5.9. Tissue P and N content was also investigated in vegetative fronds at the onset of turion formation and in newly formed turions. The clones were selected to test possible correlations between SY and threshold nutrient concentration for turion formation. Only one correlation, between SY and external phosphate concentration, was significant: clones with high SY started turion formation at higher external phosphate concentrations. Turion formation is thus mainly induced by the external phosphate concentration, below a defined, clone‐dependent threshold. We propose the following mechanism: a switch of the developmental programme of frond primordia from vegetative frond to turion formation at a higher phosphate threshold saves more phosphate for turion formation instead of using it for a further vegetative growth. However, the period of growth preceding turion formation does not depend on this threshold value, but rather on the growth rate of the vegetative fronds, which actually produce the phosphate shortage by taking it up from the surrounding medium.
The Arabidopsis Mediator subunit MED16 regulates iron homeostasis by associating with EIN3/EIL1 through subunit MED25
Authors: Yang Yan , Ou Bin , Zhang Jinzhe , Si Wen , Gu Hongya , Qin Genji , Qu Li‐Jia 
Published: January 2014

SummaryIron is an essential micronutrient for plants and animals, and plants are a major source of iron for humans. Therefore, understanding the regulation of iron homeostasis in plants is critical. We identified a T‐DNA insertion mutant, yellow and sensitive to iron‐deficiency 1 (yid1), that was hypersensitive to iron deficiency, containing a reduced amount of iron. YID1 encodes the Arabidopsis Mediator complex subunit MED16. We demonstrated that YID1/MED16 interacted with another subunit, MED25. MED25 played an important role in regulation of iron homeostasis by interacting with EIN3 and EIL1, two transcription factors in ethylene signaling associated with regulation of iron homeostasis. We found that the transcriptome in yid1 and med25 mutants was significantly affected by iron deficiency. In particular, the transcription levels of FIT, IRT1 and FRO2 were reduced in the yid1 and med25 mutants under iron‐deficient conditions. The finding that YID1/MED16 and MED25 positively regulate iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis increases our understanding of the complex transcriptional regulation of iron homeostasis in plants.
Major repeat components covering one‐third of the ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) genome and evidence for allotetraploidy
Authors: Choi Hong‐Il , Waminal Nomar E. , Park Hye Mi , Kim Nam‐Hoon , Choi Beom Soon , Park Minkyu , Choi Doil , Lim Yong Pyo , Kwon Soo‐Jin , Park Beom‐Seok , Kim Hyun Hee , Yang Tae‐Jin 
Published: January 2014

SummaryGinseng (Panax ginseng) is a famous medicinal herb, but the composition and structure of its genome are largely unknown. Here we characterized the major repeat components and inspected their distribution in the ginseng genome. By analyzing three repeat‐rich bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences from ginseng, we identified complex insertion patterns of 34 long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR‐RTs) and 11 LTR‐RT derivatives accounting for more than 80% of the BAC sequences. The LTR‐RTs were classified into three Ty3/gypsy (PgDel, PgTat and PgAthila) and two Ty1/Copia (PgTork and PgOryco) families. Mapping of 30‐Gbp Illumina whole‐genome shotgun reads to the BAC sequences revealed that these five LTR‐RT families occupy at least 34% of the ginseng genome. The Ty3/Gypsy families were predominant, comprising 74 and 33% of the BAC sequences and the genome, respectively. In particular, the PgDel family accounted for 29% of the genome and presumably played major roles in enlargement of the size of the ginseng genome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that the PgDel1 elements are distributed throughout the chromosomes along dispersed heterochromatic regions except for ribosomal DNA blocks. The intensity of the PgDel2 FISH signals was biased toward 24 out of 48 chromosomes. Unique gene probes showed two pairs of signals with different locations, one pair in subtelomeric regions on PgDel2‐rich chromosomes and the other in interstitial regions on PgDel2‐poor chromosomes, demonstrating allotetraploidy in ginseng. Our findings promote understanding of the evolution of the ginseng genome and of that of related species in the Araliaceae.
Yeast Endocytic Adaptor AP‐2 Binds the Stress Sensor Mid2 and Functions in Polarized Cell Responses
Authors: Chapa‐y‐Lazo Bernardo , Allwood Ellen G. , Smaczynska‐de Rooij Iwona I. , Snape Mary L. , Ayscough Kathryn R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe AP‐2 complex is a heterotetrameric endocytic cargo‐binding adaptor that facilitates uptake of membrane proteins during mammalian clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. While budding yeast has clear homologues of all four AP‐2 subunits which form a complex and localize to endocytic sites in vivo, the function of yeast AP‐2 has remained enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that AP‐2 is required for hyphal growth in Candida albicans and polarized cell responses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deletion of APM4, the cargo‐binding mu subunit of AP‐2, causes defects in pseudohyphal growth, generation of a mating projection and the cell wall damage response. In an apm4 null mutant, the cell wall stress sensor Mid2 is unable to relocalize to the tip of a mating projection following pheromone addition, or to the mother bud neck in response to cell wall damage. A direct binding interaction between Mid2 and the mu homology domain of Apm4 further supports a model in which AP‐2 binds Mid2 to facilitate its internalization and relocalization in response to specific signals. Thus, Mid2 is the first cargo for AP‐2 identified in yeast. We propose that endocytic recycling of Mid2 and other components is required for polarized cell responses ensuring cell wall deposition and is tightly monitored during cell growth.
Multiple trichoblastomas in a dog
Authors: Campos Andressa G. , Cogliati Bruno , Guerra Juliana M. , Matera Julia M. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundHair follicle tumours generally present as benign, solitary masses and have a good prognosis following surgical resection.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThis report describes a case of multiple trichoblastomas in a dog.AnimalA 2‐year‐old crossbred dog presented with multiple soft cutaneous periocular, perilabial, submandibular and nasal nodules, between 2 and 9 cm in diameter, located on the right side of the face. New nodules were observed on the same side of the face at a second consultation 3 weeks later.MethodsSurgical resection of all nodules was performed in two procedures. Three nodules were initially resected and submitted for histolopathology and immunohistochemistry. The diagnosis was trichoblastoma for all three. At the time of the second consultation, new and remaining nodules were biopsied and the diagnosis of trichoblastoma confirmed. The dog was treated with doxorubicin and piroxicam for 30 days prior to the second surgical procedure in an attempt to reduce new tumour growth and the size of present tumours. All nodules were resected and the defects closed using rotation flaps.ResultsNo recurrence of the neoplasm was noted within 10 months after surgery.Conclusions and clinical importanceTrichoblastomas are generally benign but can present as multiple neoplasms that may require surgical resection and may respond to chemotherapy. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of multiple trichoblastomas in a dog.
The potential of positron emission tomography for intratreatment dynamic lung tumor tracking: A phantom study
Authors: Yang Jaewon , Yamamoto Tokihiro , Mazin Samuel R. , Graves Edward E. , Keall Paul J. 
Published: January 2014

Purpose:This study aims to evaluate the potential and feasibility of positron emission tomography for dynamic lung tumor tracking during radiation treatment. The authors propose a center of mass (CoM) tumor tracking algorithm using gated‐PET images combined with a respiratory monitor and investigate the geometric accuracy of the proposed algorithm.Methods:The proposed PET dynamic lung tumor tracking algorithm estimated the target position information through the CoM of the segmented target volume on gated PET images reconstructed from accumulated coincidence events. The information was continuously updated throughout a scan based on the assumption that real‐time processing was supported (actual processing time at each frame ≈10 s). External respiratory motion and list‐mode PET data were acquired from a phantom programmed to move with measured respiratory traces (external respiratory motion and internal target motion) from human subjects, for which the ground truth target position was known as a function of time. The phantom was cylindrical with six hollow sphere targets (10, 13, 17, 22, 28, and 37 mm in diameter). The measured respiratory traces consisted of two sets: (1) 1D‐measured motion from ten healthy volunteers and (2) 3D‐measured motion from four lung cancer patients. The authors evaluated the geometric accuracy of the proposed algorithm by quantifying estimation errors (Euclidean distance) between the actual motion of targets (1D‐motion and 3D‐motion traces) and CoM trajectories estimated by the proposed algorithm as a function of time.Results:The time‐averaged error of 1D‐motion traces over all trajectories of all targets was 1.6 mm. The error trajectories decreased with time as coincidence events were accumulated. The overall error trajectory of 1D‐motion traces converged to within 2 mm in approximately 90 s. As expected, more accurate results were obtained for larger targets. For example, for the 37 mm target, the average error over all 1D‐motion traces was 1.1 mm; and for the 10 mm target, the average error over all 1D‐motion traces was 2.8 mm. The overall time‐averaged error of 3D‐motion traces was 1.6 mm, which was comparable to that of the 1D‐motion traces. There were small variations in the errors between the 3D‐motion traces, although the motion trajectories were very different. The accuracy of the estimates was consistent for all targets except for the smallest.Conclusions:The authors developed an algorithm for dynamic lung tumor tracking using list‐mode PET data and a respiratory motion signal, and demonstrated proof‐of‐principle for PET‐guided lung tumor tracking. The overall tracking error in phantom studies is less than 2 mm.
Brachial artery vasomotion and transducer pressure effect on measurements by active contour segmentation on ultrasound
Authors: Cary Theodore W. , Reamer Courtney B. , Sultan Laith R. , Mohler Emile R. , Sehgal Chandra M. 
Published: January 2014

Purpose:To use feed‐forward active contours (snakes) to track and measure brachial artery vasomotion on ultrasound images recorded in both transverse and longitudinal views; and to compare the algorithmˈs performance in each view.Methods:Longitudinal and transverse view ultrasound image sequences of 45 brachial arteries were segmented by feed‐forward active contour (FFAC). The segmented regions were used to measure vasomotion artery diameter, cross‐sectional area, and distention both as peak‐to‐peak diameter and as area. ECG waveforms were also simultaneously extracted frame‐by‐frame by thresholding a running finite‐difference image between consecutive images. The arterial and ECG waveforms were compared as they traced each phase of the cardiac cycle.Results:FFAC successfully segmented arteries in longitudinal and transverse views in all 45 cases. The automated analysis took significantly less time than manual tracing, but produced superior, well‐behaved arterial waveforms. Automated arterial measurements also had lower interobserver variability as measured by correlation, difference in mean values, and coefficient of variation. Although FFAC successfully segmented both the longitudinal and transverse images, transverse measurements were less variable. The cross‐sectional area computed from the longitudinal images was 27% lower than the area measured from transverse images, possibly due to the compression of the artery along the image depth by transducer pressure.Conclusions:FFAC is a robust and sensitive vasomotion segmentation algorithm in both transverse and longitudinal views. Transverse imaging may offer advantages over longitudinal imaging: transverse measurements are more consistent, possibly because the method is less sensitive to variations in transducer pressure during imaging.
A matter of collection and detection for intraoperative and noninvasive near‐infrared fluorescence molecular imaging: To see or not to see?
Authors: Zhu Banghe , Rasmussen John C. , Sevick‐Muraca Eva M. 
Published: January 2014

Purpose:Although fluorescence molecular imaging is rapidly evolving as a new combinational drug/device technology platform for molecularly guided surgery and noninvasive imaging, there remains no performance standards for efficient translation of “first‐in‐humans” fluorescent imaging agents using these devices.Methods:The authors employed a stable, solid phantom designed to exaggerate the confounding effects of tissue light scattering and to mimic low concentrations (nM–pM) of near‐infrared fluorescent dyes expected clinically for molecular imaging in order to evaluate and compare the commonly used charge coupled device (CCD) camera systems employed in preclinical studies and in human investigational studies.Results:The results show that intensified CCD systems offer greater contrast with larger signal‐to‐noise ratios in comparison to their unintensified CCD systems operated at clinically reasonable, subsecond acquisition times.Conclusions:Camera imaging performance could impact the success of future “first‐in‐humans” near‐infrared fluorescence imaging agent studies.
Effect of a 2-Week Joint-Mobilization Intervention on Single-Limb Balance and Ankle Arthrokinematics in Those With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Hoch Matthew C. , Mullineaux David R. , Andreatta Richard D. , English Robert A. , Medina-McKeon Jennifer M. , Mattacola Carl G. , McKeon Patrick O. 
Published: January 2014

Context:A single talocrural joint-mobilization treatment has improved spatiotemporal measures of postural control but not ankle arthrokinematics in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, the effects of multiple treatment sessions on these aspects of function have not been investigated.Objective:To examine the effect of a 2-wk anterior-to-posterior joint-mobilization intervention on instrumented measures of single-limb-stance static postural control and ankle arthrokinematics in adults with CAI.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:12 individuals with CAI (6 male, 6 female; age 27.4 ± 4.3 y, height 175.4 ± 9.78 cm, mass 78.4 ± 11.0 kg).Intervention:Subjects received 6 treatments sessions of talocrural grade II joint traction and grade III anterior-to-posterior joint mobilization over 2 wk.Main Outcome Measures:Instrumented measures of single-limb-stance static postural control (eyes open and closed) and anterior and posterior talar displacement and stiffness were assessed 1 wk before the intervention (baseline), before the first treatment (preintervention), 24–48 h after the final treatment (postintervention), and 1 wk later (1-wk follow-up). Postural control was analyzed as center-of-pressure velocity, center-of-pressure range, the mean of time-to-boundary minima, and standard deviation of time-to-boundary minima in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions for each visual condition.Results:No significant differences were identified in any measures of postural control (P > .08) or ankle arthrokinematics (P > .21).Conclusions:The 2-wk talocrural joint-mobilization intervention did not alter instrumented measures of single-limb-stance postural control or ankle arthrokinematics. Despite the absence of change in these measures, this study continues to clarify the role of talocrural joint mobilization as a rehabilitation strategy for patients with CAI.
Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium botulinum Type B Strain Osaka05, Isolated from an Infant Patient with Botulism in Japan
Authors: Sakaguchi Yoshihiko , Hosomi Koji , Uchiyama Jumpei , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Umeda Kaoru , Sakaguchi Masakiyo , Kohda Tomoko , Mukamoto Masafumi , Misawa Naoaki , Matsuzaki Shigenobu , Hayashi Tetsuya , Kozaki Shunji 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Clostridium botulinum
strain Osaka05, which has been isolated from an infant patient with botulism in Japan, is the first strain producing botulinum neurotoxin subtype B6. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
C. botulinum
Osaka05.