bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a Programme Science approach to substantially reduce the risk of HIV transmission and acquisition in sex transactions among female sex workers in Zimbabwe
Authors: Cowan Frances M. , Musemburi Sithembile , Matambanadzo Primrose , Chida Phillip , Steen Richard , Makandwa Rumbidzo , Chabata Sungai T. , Takura Albert , Sheets Amber , Yekeye Raymond , Mugurungi Owen , Hensen Bernadette , Busza Joanna , Hargreaves James R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionWe used a Programme Science platform, to generate evidence to support the implementation of programmes for sex workers in Africa. Female sex workers are estimated to make up 1.6% (1.3%–1.8%) of the population of women aged 15−49 years in Zimbabwe. We highlight how programme science can be used to help distinguish between when, where and with whom programmes need to be implemented and discuss two case studies that exemplify implementing better (Case study 1 (1 June 2019−30 June 2021) Optimizing implementation of a risk differentiated microplanning intervention) and implementing differently (Case study 2 (1 October 2016−30 September 2022) Reorientating implementation of DREAMS for young women selling sex).MethodsZimbabwe's nationally scaled programme for sex workers was established in 2009 in partnership with sex workers to provide comprehensive services for sex workers and generate evidence for programme design, implementation and scale up. Since inception, comprehensive data have been collected from all sex workers seeking services. As the scope of service provision has expanded so has the scope of data collection and analysis. At enrolment, sex workers are assigned an alphanumeric unique identifier which links consultations within and across programme sites. We conduct descriptive analyses of the Key Population (KP) programme data to guide programme implementation and redesign, embedding programmatic qualitative enquiry as required.ResultsTwo case studies describing different approaches to programme optimization are presented. In the first, an optimization exercise was used to strengthen programme implementation ensuring that the KP programme got back on track after SARS‐COV‐2. In the second, an in‐depth review of research and programme data led to a re‐orientation of the DREAMS programme to ensure that young women at the highest risk of HIV acquisition were enrolled and had access to DREAMS social support interventions in turn strengthening their uptake of HIV prevention.ConclusionsOptimizing and sustaining HIV care and treatment programmes requires effective delivery with sufficient scale and intensity for population impact. Our programme science approach guided the scale up of the KP programme in Zimbabwe, providing evidence to support strategy, implementation and ongoing management, and importantly helping us distinguish between when we needed to just implement, implement better or implement differently.
Variable clinical phenotypes of alpha‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase deficiency: Report of four cases and review of the literature
Authors: Selamioğlu Arzu , Balcı Mehmet Cihan , Karaca Meryem , Khalil Youssef , Hirachan Rohit , Durmuş Tekçe Hacer , Parman Yeşim Gülşen , Gedikbaşı Asuman , Demirkol Mübeccel , Clayton Peter , Gökçay Gülden 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlpha‐methylacyl‐CoA‐racemase (AMACR) deficiency (MIM#604489) is a peroxisomal disorder resulting in the accumulation of pristanic acid, dihydroxycholestanoic acid (DHCA), and trihydroxycholestanoic acid (THCA), with variable clinical features and age of onset from infancy to late adulthood. The purpose of this report is to define clinical variations and follow‐up data in AMACR deficiency emphasizing treatment with a review of cases reported in the literature. Here, four patients, from two families, diagnosed with AMACR deficiency and showing phenotypic heterogeneity are presented. A 10‐month‐old‐female presented with coagulopathy, hepatic dysfunction, and elevated pristanic acid, DHCA, and THCA levels. Genetic testing confirmed a homozygous variant c.596G>A in the AMACR gene. Her brother who had macrovesicular hepatosteatosis and elevated pristanic acid levels was diagnosed with family screening. The third patient presented with rhabdomyolysis following a strenuous exercise without any other complaint. Homozygous novel c.1006G>A variant was found on the AMACR gene. His asymptomatic sister carrying the same variant also had elevated pristanic acid levels. They had normal neuropsychologic evaluation. Dietary treatment with low phytanic and pristanic acid content was recommended to the patients but all showed poor compliance. The sibling pairs were followed for periods of 11 and 7 years, respectively. AMACR deficiency is usually described as an adult‐onset disorder with neuropsychological problems. The characterization of natural history and new clinical phenotypes may support earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Dependency of fentanyl analogue protomer ratios on solvent conditions as measured by ion mobility‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Johnson Copeland R. , Sabatini Heidi M. , Aderorho Ralph , Chouinard Christopher D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecently, our group has shown that fentanyl and many of its analogues form prototropic isomers (“protomers”) during electrospray ionization. These different protomers can be resolved using ion mobility spectrometry and annotated using mobility‐aligned tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation. However, their formation and the extent to which experimental variables contribute to their relative ratio remain poorly understood. In the present study, we systematically investigated the effects of mixtures of common chromatographic solvents (water, methanol, and acetonitrile) and pH on the ratio of previously observed protomers for 23 fentanyl analogues. Interestingly, these ratios (N‐piperidine protonation vs. secondary amine/O = protonation) decreased significantly for many analogues (e.g., despropionyl ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐methyl fentanyl), increased significantly for others (e.g., cis‐isofentanyl), and remained relatively constant for the others as solvent conditions changed from 100% organic solvent (methanol or acetonitrile) to 100% water. Interestingly, pH also had significant effects on this ratio, causing the change in ratio to switch in many cases. Lastly, increasing conditions to pH ≥ 4.0 also prompted the appearance of new mobility peaks for ortho‐ and para‐methyl acetyl fentanyl, where all previous studies had only showed one single distribution. Because these ratios have promise to be used qualitatively for identification of these (and emerging) fentanyl analogues, understanding how various conditions (i.e., mobile phase selection and/or chromatographic gradient) affect their ratios is critically important to the development of advanced ion mobility and mass spectrometry methodologies to identify fentanyl analogues.
Ultrasonic high‐yield extraction of non‐toxic fucose‐containing Abroma augusta polysaccharide bearing emulsifying properties
Authors: Sarkhel Shubhajit , Mondal Mrinmoy , Datta Deepanwita , Sahoo Bijendra , Kumari Ankanksha , Saha Sreyajit , Bera Sandipan , Jana Malabendu , Tiwari Amit , Roy Anupam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe stem of Abroma augusta contains mucilaginous polysaccharides having numerous ethnomedicinal properties. The present work aimed to develop a scalable ultrasonic‐assisted aqueous Abroma augusta mucilage (AAM) extraction (UAE) method and further explores its emulsifying property and toxicity concern.RESULTSThe combination of ultrasonic power (750 W), solid‐to‐liquid ratio (1:15) and temperature (348 K) gave the highest extraction yield of 2.28% with a diffusivity value of 3.85 × 10−9 m2 s−1, which was higher than aqueous extraction method using a kinetic model based on Fick's second law of diffusion. The extracted polysaccharide showed no toxicity as measured through 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay on RAW cell line. Additionally, the polysaccharide over its critical micelle concentration (400, 500, 600 and 700 μg mL−1) offered emulsifying properties with 0.5%, 1% and 5% oil (v/v). The emulsion with a polysaccharide concentration of 600 μg mL−1 with 5% oil (v/v) provides stability against coalescence for 3 days.CONCLUSIONThe overall findings indicated that UAE of AAM polysaccharide can be used for an efficient extraction method, and the obtained polysaccharide is nontoxic in nature and bears emulsifying properties. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Exploring Maillard reaction markers and melanoidins to investigate toxicological and antioxidant profiles of optimized expanded snacks from corn/common bean mixtures
Authors: Félix‐Medina Jennifer V. , Montes‐Ávila Julio , Gutiérrez‐Dorado Roberto , Morales Francisco J. , Mesías Marta , Quintero‐Soto María F. , Delgado‐Andrade Cristina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDExtrusion cooking of cereal‐legume flour mixture is an innovative strategy to introduce nutrient‐enriched ready‐to‐eat snacks to the market. However, this thermal process triggers the formation of compounds that could impact safety aspects of these products. Maillard reaction markers and the end products known as melanoidins were evaluated to assess the toxicological and bioactive profiles of extruded snacks from corn‐plus‐common‐bean‐flour combinations. Different molecular weight fractions were isolated and purified to analyze their antioxidant activity and to investigate the role of melanoidins.RESULTSThe snack formulated with an 84:16 ratio of corn:common bean flours exhibited an enhanced toxicological profile. It displayed the lowest levels of acrylamide and furanic compounds, along with reduced blockage of lysine residues in the protein. Extrusion increased the antioxidant activity of uncooked flours (30 to 64%) and total phenolic compounds (26 to 50%), and decreased the available lysine (−72.7 to −79.5%). During the fractionation process, it was established that compounds within the range of 3–10 kDa made the greatest contribution to antioxidant activity. The fraction greater than 10 kDa, which included melanoidins, displayed 7 to 33% lower antioxidant activity. The purification of the fraction greater than 10 kDa revealed that pure melanoidins represented approximately one‐third of the antioxidant activity in that fraction. Non‐covalent adducts linked to the melanoidin core therefore had a relevant role in the antioxidant action of formulated snacks.CONCLUSIONThis investigation illustrates the importance of considering both potential risks and associated benefits of compounds formed during the Maillard reaction while developing new extruded snacks. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Land suitability analysis for food logistic providers: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Pour Mahdad , Dogot Thomas , Lebailly Philippe , Lopez‐Carr David , Azadi Hossein 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLand suitability analysis is a process to specify the suitability of a particular area according to its inherent characteristics. Inefficient land suitability leads to inefficient exploitation of natural resources, destruction of land resources, poverty, and even social harm. In this regard, land suitability assessment is important to support transportation planning and demand for construction. This study aimed to systematically review the mutual impacts of land logistics and land suitability. This study applied a meta‐analysis to integrate the results of 36 original papers published between 1990 and 2024. The findings showed there were mutual impacts of land logistics and land suitability. In this regard, demand for highway construction significantly affects warehousing (B = 6.30; p < 0.99) and distribution and transportation (B = 4.23; p < 0.99) according to Table 3. In addition, warehousing (B = 7.35; p < 0.95) and distribution and transportation (B = 2.11; p < 0.90) have significant effects on demand for highway construction based on Table 4. The temporal effect of logistics land development has the most positive influence on natural resources and environmental tolerance (4.49). The spatial effects of land suitability and food logistic providers have respectively the most positive impacts on inventory control and demand for highway construction in European countries. Policymakers should consider the global issue of land suitability according to its advantages. First, the greatest advantage of land suitability is that it gives more accountability to the officials and decision makers. Second, land suitability provides the basis for distribution and transportation and inventory control effectively controls storage costs. Thirdly, warehousing, due to land suitability, ensures a regular supply of goods in the market.
Approximation theorem for the Kawahara operator and its application in the control theory
Authors: Capistrano‐Filho Roberto de A. , de Sousa Luan S. , Gallego Fernando A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractControl properties of the Kawahara equation are considered when the equation is posed on an unbounded domain. Precisely, the paper's main results are related to an approximation theorem that ensures the exact (internal) controllability in . Following [23], the problem is reduced to prove an approximate theorem which is achieved thanks to a global Carleman estimate for the Kawahara operator.
Rapid submillimeter QSM and R2* mapping using interleaved multishot 3D‐EPI at 7 and 3 Tesla
Authors: Stirnberg Rüdiger , Deistung Andreas , Reichenbach Jürgen R. , Breteler Monique M. B. , Stöcker Tony 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo explore the high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) efficiency of interleaved multishot 3D‐EPI with standard image reconstruction for fast and robust high‐resolution whole‐brain quantitative susceptibility (QSM) and mapping at 7 and 3T.MethodsSingle‐ and multi‐TE segmented 3D‐EPI is combined with conventional CAIPIRINHA undersampling for up to 72‐fold effective gradient echo (GRE) imaging acceleration. Across multiple averages, scan parameters are varied (e.g., dual‐polarity frequency‐encoding) to additionally correct for ‐induced artifacts, geometric distortions and motion retrospectively. A comparison to established GRE protocols is made. Resolutions range from 1.4 mm isotropic (1 multi‐TE average in 36 s) up to 0.4 mm isotropic (2 single‐TE averages in approximately 6 min) with whole‐head coverage.ResultsOnly 1‐4 averages are needed for sufficient SNR with 3D‐EPI, depending on resolution and field strength. Fast scanning and small voxels together with retrospective corrections result in substantially reduced image artifacts, which improves susceptibility and mapping. Additionally, much finer details are obtained in susceptibility‐weighted image projections through significantly reduced partial voluming.ConclusionUsing interleaved multishot 3D‐EPI, single‐TE and multi‐TE data can readily be acquired 10 times faster than with conventional, accelerated GRE imaging. Even 0.4 mm isotropic whole‐head QSM within 6 min becomes feasible at 7T. At 3T, motion‐robust 0.8 mm isotropic whole‐brain QSM and mapping with no apparent distortion in less than 7 min becomes clinically feasible. Stronger gradient systems may allow for even higher effective acceleration rates through larger EPI factors while maintaining optimal contrast.
Complications Associated with AMBU™ Scope Use: An FDA MAUDE Analysis
Authors: Grimm David R. , Halagur Akash S. , Ayoub Noel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmbu® aScope™ is a disposable flexible videoscope used for a wide range of medical procedures. However, adverse events associated with this device can occur. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database was explored for patient‐related adverse events associated with Ambu® aScope™ use between January 1, 2000 and December 15, 2023. Search terms included “Ambu” and “Ascope.” Thirty unique adverse events were identified. Twenty‐one of the events were associated with patient injury, and 9 with device malfunction. Eight patient‐reported problems were documented as foreign bodies, 3 events as airway obstruction, desaturation, or hypoxic events, and 1 event as anxiety/cardiac arrest. The remaining 18 reported insufficient information other than associated with patient injury. We found that Ambu® aScope™ flexible nasolaryngoscopes and bronchoscopes are a common and effective tool for airway evaluations that may infrequently serve as a rare form of foreign body with potentially life‐threatening consequences.
Use of Azithromycin Attributable to Acute SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection
Authors: Gagliotti Carlo , Banchelli Federico , Buttazzi Rossella , Ricchizzi Enrico , Canziani Lorenzo Maria , Rolli Maurizia , Tacconelli Evelina , Moro Maria Luisa , Berti Elena 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeIn the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic, preliminary results that later proved to be incorrect suggested the possible efficacy of anti‐infective drugs such as azithromycin for the treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. These preliminary data may have influenced the prescription of azithromycin. However, no individual‐level data linking the use of this antibiotic to acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are available. The present analysis aims to fill this gap.MethodsA retrospective population‐based cohort design was used including patients diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the period ranging from February 2020 to February 2022. The data source for antibiotic consumption was the drug database of outpatient prescriptions of Emilia‐Romagna Region (Italy). Antibiotics were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. Consumption rates and percentages of azithromycin DDDs (defined daily doses) during the acute phase of the infection were compared with a previous control period and with the post‐acute phase. Analyses were stratified by four groups according to the prevalent virus variant at time of diagnosis.ResultsComparing the previous control period with the acute phase of infections, the rates of azithromycin consumption (DDD per 1000 individuals per day) increased from 1.17 to 23.11, from 0.80 to 33.03, from 0.81 to 21.01, and from 1.02 to 9.76, in the pre‐Alpha, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron periods, respectively. Similarly, the percentages of individuals receiving azithromycin, and the azithromycin DDDs percentages over total systemic antibiotics DDDs increased in acute phases of infection compared with control periods. The consumption rates and percentages returned to preinfection levels in the post‐acute phase. In the study period, 12.9% of the use of azithromycin in the entire adult population of Emilia‐Romagna was attributable to acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.ConclusionsConsidering the low likelihood of bacterial coinfections, the increased azithromycin consumption in the acute phase of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection suggests inappropriate prescribing of this antibiotic.
Trends in racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric lung transplantation in the United States
Authors: Alachraf Kamel , Tumin Dmitry , Hayes Don , Benden Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundRacial and ethnic disparities in pediatric lung transplantation (LTx) related to the shifting cystic fibrosis (CF) population receiving highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) has not been well investigated.MethodsThe UNOS Registry was queried for patients age 1–25 years undergoing bilateral LTx between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2021. Race and ethnicity were classified as non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black, Hispanic, or none of the above. The primary outcome was posttransplant mortality. Trends in the association between race/ethnicity and mortality were examined using transplant year as a continuous variable and stratifying year based on introduction of HEMT (triple combination therapy) in November 2019.ResultsIn the study sample (N = 941), 7% of patients were non‐Hispanic Black, 15% were Hispanic, and 2% were some other racial or ethnic group. One hundred (11%) received LTx after approval of triple combination therapy, and 407 (43%) died during follow‐up. We identified a statistically significant disparity in mortality hazard (hazard ratio: 1.91; 95% confidence interval: 1.31, 2.80) in non‐Hispanic Black compared to non‐Hispanic White patients in the pre‐triple combination therapy era.ConclusionsWe found higher mortality hazard among non‐Hispanic Black compared to non‐Hispanic White children undergoing LTx in the United States. Further monitoring of LTx outcomes to identify and address disparities is needed in the current era of triple combination therapy for CF.
Survival of patients with lymph node versus bone versus visceral metastases according to CHAARTED/LATITUDE criteria in the era of intensified combination therapies for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Wenzel Mike , Wagner Nele , Hoeh Benedikt , Siech Carolin , Koll Florestan , Cano Garcia Cristina , Ahrens Marit , Tilki Derya , Steuber Thomas , Graefen Markus , Banek Séverine , Chun Felix K. H. , Mandel Philipp 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe first approvals of novel systemic therapies within recent years for metastatic hormone‐sensitive (mHSPC) were mainly based on improved overall survival (OS) and time to castration resistance (ttCRPC) in mHSPC patients stratified according to CHAARTED low (LV) versus high volume (HV) and LATITUDE low (LR) versus high‐risk (HR) disease.MethodsRelying on our institutional tertiary‐care database we identified all mHSPC stratified according to CHAARTED LV versus HV, LATITUDE LR versus HR and the location of the metastatic spread (lymph nodes (M1a) versus bone (M1b) versus visceral/others (M1c) metastases. OS and ttCRPC analyses, as well as Cox regression models were performed according to different metastatic categories.ResultsOf 451 mHSPC, 14% versus 27% versus 48% versus 12% were classified as M1a LV versus M1b LV versus M1b HV versus M1c HV with significant differences in median OS: 95 versus 64 versus 50 versus 46 months (p < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression models HV M1b (Hazard Ratio: 2.4, p = 0.03) and HV M1c (Hazard Ratio: 3.3, p < 0.01) harbored significant worse than M1a LV mHSPC. After stratification according to LATITUDE criteria, also significant differences between M1a LR versus M1b LR versus M1b HR versus M1c HR mHSPC patients were observed (p < 0.01) with M1b HR (Hazard Ratio: 2.7, p = 0.03) and M1c HR (Hazard Ratio: 3.5, p < 0.01), as predictor for worse OS. In comparison between HV M1b and HV M1c, as well as HR M1b versus HR M1c no differences in ttCRPC or OS were observed.ConclusionsSignificant differences exist between different metastatic patterns of HV and LV and HR and LR criteria. Best prognosis is observed within M1a LV and LR mHSPC patients.