bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Cause and Mode of Death Before and After Medicolegal Autopsy: A Comparative Study
Authors: Segerberg-Konttinen M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Two hundred and twenty-eight consecutive medicolegal autopsies were studied as to the cause of death established by a physician, the mode of death as suggested in the police report, and findings of medical interest often discovered following autopsy. Corrections had to be made even in some cases which seemed to be obvious. With a decrease of the number of autopsies, the records of various registration bureaus would be affected. Autopsies are still necessary for control and correction of clinical causes of death.
Pathological Spectrum of the Lung in Cases of Violent Death: Part I. Lesion Classification
Authors: Ferrer A , Castellano M , Bona M , Plaza L 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The results are presented of the pathological study of the lungs in 66 cases of violent death observing the more frequent types of lesion and establishing 4 different groups of postlesioned pulmonary condition.
1. Inflammatory alveolar lesions without a diffused interstitial involvement (IAL) including contusions or direct aggressions, lobular pneumonias, or bronchopneumonias with a predominance of intra-alveolar inflammatory exudation.
2. Inflammatory alveolar lesions with a diffuse interstitial involvement (IALW) including generalized affectation of the parenchyma with lesions in the capillary structure of the wall.
3. Edemohemorrhagic lesions (EHL) presenting phenomena of capillary congestion with hematic extravasation and interstitial and intra-alveolar edema, without inflammatory involvement. This is the most numerous group and it can constitute the preliminary stage of any other.
4. Unspecific chronic lesions (UCL) not related to the cause of death, being chronically inflammatory and fibrotic alterations of limited interest in our study.
We emphasize the importance of the inflammatory involvement of the alveolar wall in the pathogenia of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and the aggravation of pulmonary lesions by capillary structure alteration, direct lesions of alveolar epithelium, presence of macrophages, and liberation of certain intracellular enzymes.
Alternative Methods for Processing Arson Samples in Polyester Bags
Authors: Stackhouse CC , Gray CI 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Various heating methods for arson samples packaged in polyethylene lined polyester pouches are evaluated. A comparison of the efficiency of accelerant recovery from pouches versus glass jars is also noted. Spiked samples of soil and fire debris are used to simulate actual conditions encountered in arson cases. Advantages and disadvantages of the pouches are discussed.
ANS (8-Anilinonaphthalene-1-Sulfonate)—A New Reagent for Detection of Latent Fingerprints
Authors: Cheng S-G 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
ANS (8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate) has shown itself to be a valuable and sensitive reagent method for the detection of latent and greasy prints on porous surfaces. The working solution is sprayed onto the porous surface where latent or greasy prints are suspected and the prints show bright yellow fluorescence against dark background under ultraviolet (UV) lamp (long wavelength) illumination. The advantages of this method are its rapid reaction, no heat needed, high sensitivity, no unpleasant odor, simplicity, and convenience in processing.
A Fatality Involving U4Euh, A Cyclic Derivative of Phenylpropanolamine
Authors: Davis FT , Brewster ME 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A fatality following ingestion of diazepam and 4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolamine, a cyclic derivative of phenylpropanolamine known as U4EuH or 4-methyl aminorex, is described. Solid dosage samples of U4EuH were analyzed using gas chromatography, ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. Physiological fluids were analyzed quantitatively by gas chromatography and qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Concentrations of 4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolamine were: in blood 21.3 mg/L; in urine 12.3 mg/L. Diazepam concentration in blood was 0.8 mg/L.
An Infant Fatality Involving Ajmaline
Authors: Ikeda N , Umetsu K , Suzuki T , Gonmori K , Takahashi K 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An infant fatality following accidental ingestion of ajmaline is described. Ajmaline was determined by thin-layer chromatography and infrared spectrophotometry, and quantitated by high performance liquid chromatography. The ajmaline concentration in blood was 5.5 µg/mL. The toxicological data relevant to the interpretation of case findings are presented.
1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): One Designer Drug and Serendipity
Authors: Weingarten HL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Through an unlikely series of coincidences and fortunate accidents, the development of Parkinson's disease in several illicit drug users was traced to their use of a meperidine analog contaminated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The discovery of a chemical capable of producing animal models of the disease has revitalized research efforts and resulted in important new information. The serendipitous finding also prompted consideration of what changes seem advisable if designer drugs are to be dealt with more efficaciously.
A Review of Comprehensive Index to the Journal of Forensic Sciences 1972–1986
Authors: Cravey RH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The title describes the cotents of this most valuable book. To provide rapid access to a listing of all information published in the Journal on a specific topic, the editor and ASTM staff undertook the task of indexing all the contents of the Journal for the past 15 years, 1972 through 1986. With the publication of this comprehensive index, forensic scientists now have available a single reference source that will enable them to review the available literature on a specific subject in a minimum amount of time.
A Review of Human Blood Groups
Authors: Taylor HL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Human Blood and Serum Groups, coauthored by Profs. Prokop and Uhlenbruek, was aremarkable collaboration of two German scientists, one from East Berlin and the other fromCologne, which became a benchmark text throughout Europe. The second German edition,translated and published in English in 1969 by Doctor Raven of Guy's Hospital, London,became a widely cited reference work in Western immunohematology. Although no furtherEnglish translations of other major publications or editions by Prokop and his associateshave appeared in 18 years, their work has continued to capture the attention and imagination of both expert and student in English speaking countries. Other more current publications are considered authoritative by workers in immunohematology and forensic laboratorysciences.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Amplification and Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DQα Oligonucleotide Typing on Biological Evidence Samples: Casework Experience
Authors: Blake E , Mihalovich J , Higuchi R , Sean Walsh P , Erlich H 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method of specific gene amplification was used in casework to synthesize millions of copies of the polymorphic second exon of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQα (or DQA1) locus from a variety of evidence samples. The HLA-DQα allelic variants in the amplified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were determined in a rapid non-radioactive test by hybridization to sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes in both the dot-blot and reverse dot-blot formats. This genetic typing system has been subjected to blind proficiency testing; the performance of this test in the analysis of experimentally mixed samples was also evaluated. As of August 1990, over 250 cases have been tested and more than 2000 individual evidence (bloodstains, semen stains, individual hairs, bone fragments, and tissue sections) and reference samples have been analyzed. The first 198 of these cases are summarized in this paper; in 65% of the cases with conclusive results a suspect was included, and in 35%, all suspects were excluded. Individual cases as well as some of the general issues relating to forensic science analysis and this genetic typing system are discussed. The high rate of exclusion reported here combined with the ability of PCR to type old evidence samples suggests the relevance of this genetic test for postconviction review; two cases in which the convicted suspect was excluded are discussed.
Some Special Observations Regarding Visible Transmission Spectra of Inks and an Improved Method for Their Discrimination by Microspectrophotometry
Authors: Zeichner A , Glattstein B 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Various blue and black inks are shown to change their transmission spectra by applying pressure and smearing them as deposits on glass slides. A similar phenomenon is observed with deposits of copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetra sodium salt. It is shown that transmission spectra of small samples of inked paper fibers smeared (crushed) on glass slides resemble spectra of smeared ink deposits and are more reproducible than spectra of inked fibers in a mounting medium. This advantage is especially significant in the case of examining ink traces on tinted paper.
Computer-Assisted Photographic Superimposition
Authors: Ubelaker DH , Bubniak E , O'Donnell G 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A new computer-assisted system for photographic superimposition using electronic imaging has been successfully employed to compare an antemortem photograph with a recovered cranium and mandible. Credibility of the comparison is enhanced through study of similar crania from collections of human remains of the Smithsonian Institution. Using this system, the recovered remains appear to match the photograph, while the crania and mandibles of the four individuals in the Smithsonian Institution collection that were found to be most similar to the recovered remains show distinct differences when compared with the photograph.
Linear Models for the Prediction of Stature from Foot and Boot Dimensions
Authors: Gordon CC , Buikstra JE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Estimation of stature from the dimensions of foot or shoeprints has considerable forensic value in developing descriptions of suspects from evidence at the crime scene and in corroborating height estimates from witnesses. This study extends the findings of previous researchers by exploring linear models with and without gender and race indicators, and by validating the most promising models on a large, recently collected military database. Boot size and outsole dimensions are also examined as predictors of stature.
The results of this study indicate that models containing both foot length and foot breadth are significantly better than those containing only foot length. Models with race/gender indicators also perform significantly better than do models without race/gender indicators. However, the difference in performance is slight, and the availability of reliable gender and race information in most forensic situations is uncertain. Analogous results were obtained for models utilizing boot size/width and outsole length/width, and in this study these variables performed nearly as well as the foot dimensions themselves.
Although the adjusted R2 values for these models clearly reflect a strong relationship between foot/boot length and stature, individual 95% prediction limits for even the best models are ±86 mm (3.4 in.). This suggests that models estimating stature from foot/shoeprints may be useful in the development of subject descriptions early in a case but, because of their imprecision, may not always be helpful in excluding individual suspects from consideration.
Practical Approach to Investigative Ethics and Religious Objections to the Autopsy
Authors: Mittleman RE , Davis JH , Kasztl W , Graves WM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The application of investigative ethics to religious objections to the autopsy is essential for harmony in achieving the mission of medical legal death investigation. In Florida, an ethical advisory committee composed of religious, ethics, legal, and medical leaders established a unified statement for the practice of discretionary judgment and liaison with clergy. Our approach to religious objections to the autopsy as well as illustrative cases will be discussed.
Misidentification of Self and the Riel Phenomenon
Authors: Perr IN , Paul Fedoroff J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Misidentification syndromes or phenomena are found in a number of psychiatric situations that may become the subject of forensic science review. One of the most curious is misidentification of self in which the individual perceives himself or herself as another being while able to explain the loss of the original identity. Recognizing these phenomena may be helpful in accurate diagnosis, in considering such conditions as psychosis of whatever type, multiple personality disorder, and other amnesia and fugue states, and in understanding the person's psychopathology. Two cases are presented to illustrate a process that the authors have named the Riel Phenomenon, after the person who was a party to what is often recognized as the most famous case in Canadian history.
The Trial of Louis Riel: A Study in Canadian Psychiatry
Authors: Perr IN 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The Riel case in 1885 is one of the most striking cases in the history of forensic psychiatry. On the one hand, Riel was the hero of the underprivileged, French Canadian-Indian halfbreeds whose futile revolt in the Canadian Northwest captured the imaginations of French Canadians in Quebec, for whom he became a hero and a martyr. Prior review in this journal has detailed the clinical data referable to his mental condition. This paper reviews the actual trial, the questionable management by the defense, and the inadequate preparations by the defense psychiatrists. Subsequent to the sentence of death, the Canadian prime minister, Macdonald, ordered a medical review, more or less dictating the result. For whatever reason, the medical reports when made public did not fully reflect the actuality of what occurred. The result was a questionable execution, the creation of a martyr, and a spark for the cultural conflict that continues to bedevil Canada.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Typing of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DQA1 from Single Hairs in Japanese
Authors: Uchihi R , Tamaki K , Kojima T , Yamamoto T , Katsumata Y 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) typing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA1 from single hairs is described. HLA-DQA1 genotypes could be determined from single plucked hair roots. However, it was not easy to type HLA-DQA1 with hair shaft portions. Increase in the specimens of hair shaft portions (over 10 cm in length) to get sufficient DNA caused inhibition of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Synthetic melanin as well as the one extracted from hairs inhibited the PCR of the genomic DNA template when added to the PCR reaction at the concentrations over than 15 ng/100 µL. Therefore, typability of hair shaft portions seems to depend on the delicate balance of the concentrations of DNA and the contaminated melanin in the final DNA extracts.
Preliminary Observations of the Effect of Methamphetamine in Decomposing Tissues on the Development Rate of Parasarcophaga ruficornis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and Implications of this Effect on the Estimations of Postmortem Intervals
Authors: Lee Goff M , Brown WA , Omori AI 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Larvae of Parasarcophaga ruficornis (Fabricius) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) were reared on tissues from rabbits administered different dosages of methamphetamine to study the effects of this drug on development of this species. The rabbits were given 37.5, 71.4, and 142.9 mg of methamphetamine via ear vein infusion. From Hours 30 to 60, larvae feeding on tissues from rabbits receiving 71.4 and 142.9 mg of methamphetamine developed more rapidly than larvae from the control colony and those feeding on tissues from the rabbit receiving 37.5 mg of methamphetamine. The time required for pupariation was significantly greater for colonies fed on tissues from methamphetamine-dosed rabbits than for the control. These differences were sufficient to alter postmortem interval estimates based on larval development by up to 18 h and estimates based on puparial development by up to 48 h. The presence of methamphetamine or amphetamine could not be detected in Diptera larvae in this experiment using radioimmunoassay techniques, as there was a nonspecific reaction, resulting in a false positive.
Acallosal Brain in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Authors: Patel F 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A definitive explanation of “crib” or “cot” death remains unknown. An unusual incidental autopsy finding of agenesis of the corpus callosum in a case presenting as “near miss” sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is discussed. Hitherto, only a single case associated with SIDS has been reported in the literature. The condition may be easily missed outside the interest in neuropathology.
Estimating the Prevalence of Organic Brain Dysfunction in Maximum-Security Forensic Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Martell DA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This is a descriptive study of 50 randomly selected male patients retained in a maximum-security state hospital for mentally disordered offenders. Data regarding the prevalence of several indicators of potential organic brain dysfunction are presented, including: (1) a diagnosis of any organic brain disorder, (2) a history of severe head injury with loss of consciousness, (3) a history of seizure activity, (4) evidence of cognitive impairment, (5) abnormal neurological findings, and (6) other relevant neurodiagnostic or historical findings. Results show that multiple indicators of potential brain dysfunction were present in 64% of the cases. At least one indicator of potential brain dysfunction was present for 84% of the subjects. Subjects with a diagnosis or history suggesting brain dysfunction were significantly more likely to have been indicted for violent criminal charges (p = 0.01). Implications of these findings for clinical treatment and forensic science decision-making are discussed.
Biology, Violence, and Antisocial Personality
Authors: Kandel E 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Previous reports have examined separately the role of perinatal biology in the etiology of violent criminal behavior and the etiology of antisocial personality disorder (ASP). This paper brings together those two studies to test the hypothesis that violent behavior and ASP may result from different etiological factors. The two studies are on Danish birth cohorts, examined both for perinatal health and for violent, aggressive, and antisocial behavior later in life. Results suggest that while perinatal factors may be important in the etiology of violent criminal behavior, they do not appear to be similarly influential in the formation of ASP. These two studies are examined and their results and findings discussed in light of the limited literature in this area.
Assessing Civil Competence in the Elderly
Authors: Schwartz JJ , Barone DF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study was designed to establish reliability of the Community Competence Scale—Revised (CCS-R) and provide evidence for its validity in making discriminations relevant to civil competence in the elderly. The CCS-R is an individually administered structured interview of 17 subscales. Criterion groups were formed by drawing a sample of research participants from a retirement complex with various levels of care and with nurses having extensive knowledge of the residents' level of functioning. The study demonstrated high reliability and found converging evidence for the effectiveness of the CCS-R in making discriminations about competence in the elderly. The study has added to the growing evidence that it is possible to standardize the assessment of civil competence, thereby making the adjudication process a more accurate one.
Malpractice—A Defendant's Perspective
Authors: Patrick Jarboe J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Probably too much has already been written about the liability crisis. Health care providers have known of the problem for 15 to 16 years, and now other professionals and the general public are increasingly aware of the problem and its ramifications. So far, physicians have blamed lawyers and soft-hearted juries, trial lawyers have blamed physicians and insurance companies, and a few enlightened souls are blaming the society within which we live. For my part, I often quote that sage of contemporary America, Pogo, “We have met the enemy and they is us.” Unfortunately, to date, most of the conversation on this subject has been confrontational and self-serving, with everyone trying to lay the blame on someone else. Having been a defendant in 2 liability cases (at the same time) approximately 5 years ago, I believe I have some insight into the overall problem, and would like to share some thoughts with you.
Automated Gunshot Residue Particle Search and Characterization
Authors: Tillman WL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The main disadvantage to gunshot residue (GSR) particle analysis utilizing scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) instrumentation has been the excessive operator time required for search and identification. This study uses an automated particle search and characterization program for unattended GSR search and identification. This system allows for automatic matrix search, particle sizing, chemical typing, and spectral aquisition with subsequent storage of data to disk for later operator review and verification. This work describes various aspects of the program, determines appropriate parameters adequate for both unique and characteristic GSR particle identification, and evaluates the reliability of data obtained. Samples are collected via the tape lift method from test-firings of .38, .32, .25, and .22 caliber handguns at time after firing intervals of 0 to 6 h. Unique GSR particles are consistently and correctly identified by this method on tape lift samples taken up to 4 h after firing. False positive results of unique GSR particles are not encountered on control handblank samples. This technique appears to provide the forensic science community with an operator-free method of reliable GSR particle search and an improved analyst-time-per-case ratio.
Isoelectric Focusing Patterns of Some Mammalian Keratins
Authors: Carracedo A , Prieto JM , Concheiro L , Estefanía J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An isoelectric focusing method followed by silver staining has been used for the study of keratins from a total of 97 individuals belonging to 17 families and 39 species. The method distinguishes perfectly between two different animal species. In addition, there are often considerable differences between breeds and even occasionally slight individual differences which in no way impede the identification of a particular species as such.
The Identification of the Handwriting of Josef Mengele
Authors: Crown DA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Letters, essays, diary pages, and so forth believed to be the writings of Josef Mengele, the notorious war criminal, were found in Brazil in 1985. The circumstances surrounding the examination of the documents, the source of the comparison handwriting, the technical reports written, the types of handwriting systems considered, and some of the specific characteristics used to identify the handwriting of Mengele are discussed.