bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doc2b serves as a scaffolding platform for concurrent binding of multiple Munc18 isoforms in pancreatic islet β-cells
Authors: Ramalingam Latha , Lu Jingping , Hudmon Andy , Thurmond Debbie C. 
Published: September 2014

Biphasic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic β-cells involves soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein-attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein-regulated exocytosis. SNARE complex assembly further requires the regulatory proteins Munc18c, Munc18-1 and Doc2b. Munc18-1 and Munc18c are required for first- and second-phase GSIS respectively. These distinct Munc18-1 and Munc18c roles are related to their transient high-affinity binding with their cognate target (t-)SNAREs, Syntaxin 1A and Syntaxin 4 respectively. Doc2b is essential for both phases of GSIS, yet the molecular basis for this remains unresolved. Because Doc2b binds to Munc18-1 and Munc18c via its distinct C2A and C2B domains respectively, we hypothesized that Doc2b may provide a plasma membrane-localized scaffold/platform for transient docking of these Munc18 isoforms during GSIS. Towards this, macromolecular complexes composed of Munc18c, Doc2b and Munc18-1 were detected in β-cells. In vitro interaction assays indicated that Doc2b is required to bridge the interaction between Munc18c and Munc18-1 in the macromolecular complex; Munc18c and Munc18-1 failed to associate in the absence of Doc2b. Competition-based GST–Doc2b interaction assays revealed that Doc2b could simultaneously bind both Munc18-1 and Munc18c. Hence these data support a working model wherein Doc2b functions as a docking platform/scaffold for transient interactions with the multiple Munc18 isoforms operative in insulin release, promoting SNARE assembly.
Miniaturised branch‐line coupler with ultra‐wide high suppression stopband
Authors: Zong B.F. , Wang G.M. , Zhang C.X. , Wang Y.W. 
Published: September 2014

A compact branch‐line coupler with an ultra‐wide upper stopband is proposed based on a new type of transmission line. Consistent numerical and measurement results of the coupler are shown. The proposed branch‐line coupler operating at 0.875 GHz exhibits a stopband from 2.8 to 12.9 GHz with suppression levels better than −20 dB. The occupied size of the proposed branch‐line coupler is only 17.6% that of a conventional one operating at the same frequency.
Athermal silicon optical interposers with quantum dot lasers operating from 25 to 125°C
Authors: Urino Y. , Hatori N. , Akagawa T. , Shimizu T. , Okano M. , Ishizaka M. , Yamamoto T. , Okayama H. , Onawa Y. , Takahashi H. , Shimura D. , Yaegashi H. , Nishi H. , Fukuda H. , Yamada K. , Miura M. , Fujikata J. , Akiyama S. , Baba T. , Usuki T. , Noguchi Y. , Noguchi M. , Imai M. , Hirayama N. , Saitou S. , Yamagishi M. , Takahashi M. , Saito E. , Okamoto D. , Mori M. , Horikawa T. , Nakamura T. , Arakawa Y. 
Published: September 2014

Interposers for inter‐chip interconnects should perform stably under high‐temperature conditions and rapid temperature change due to the heat generated by mounted large‐scale integration (LSI) chips. Athermal silicon optical interposers integrated with quantum dot lasers and other temperature‐insensitive components on a single silicon substrate are demonstrated, and error‐free data links at 12.5 Gbit/s operating from 25 to 125°C are achieved without any bias adjustment. Since maximum junction temperatures in most LSIs have been below 125°C now and will be in the future, the interposers are tolerant of heat generated by LSIs, and are suitable for inter‐chip interconnects.
Maximum penetration level of distributed generation in consideration of voltage fluctuations based on multi‐resolution model
Authors: Sheng Wanxing , Zhao Shanshan , Song Xiaohui , Meng Xiaoli 
Published: September 2014

To maintain the safe and stable operation of power system with the interconnection of distributed generation (DG), the urgent need arises to determine the maximum penetration level of DG. Voltage fluctuation, which is especially affected by the stochastic nature of renewable generation and load, has a significant impact on DG penetration. Thus in this study a two‐dimensional multi‐resolution model, which can demonstrate the impact of renewable generation and load on voltage fluctuation, is proposed. Then an analytical methodology based on the proposed model is presented to determine the maximum penetration level, without violating the limits of voltage fluctuation. Finally, all of them are applied to the IEEE 34 node test feeder, and simulation results show that the maximum penetration level will be lower if the stochastic variations of DG and load are more severe. Therefore the proposed method is a useful solution to the determination of DG penetration, and the multi‐resolution model can greatly simplify the process of calculating and analysing.
Design of a full‐band polariser used in WR‐22 standard waveguide for satellite communications
Authors: Hwang Soon‐mi , Lee Kwan‐hun 
Published: September 2014

This paper studies design of a full‐band waveguide polariser using iris for satellite communications. Operation theory and design parameters of a full‐band polariser are introduced, and a systematic design method has been proposed. The performance of the polariser is analysed using the well‐known commercial electromagnetic simulation software high‐frequency structure simulator. Using the proposed method, a full‐band polariser operating in WR‐22 waveguide band (33–50 GHz) is designed, fabricated and tested. Measurements of the fabricated polariser show that the phase difference is <10° as a reference point by 90°, the axial ratio is <1.3 dB, insertion loss is <0.1 dB and return loss is >25 dB in the required overall band.
Olfactory learning promotes input-specific synaptic plasticity in adult-born neurons
Authors: Lepousez Gabriel , Nissant Antoine , Bryant Alex K. , Gheusi Gilles , Greer Charles A. , Lledo Pierre-Marie 
Published: September 2014

Significance
The olfactory bulb (OB) receives newly born neurons through adulthood. This process constitutes another means, in addition to molecular or synaptic changes within individual neurons, by which the OB can make changes to its functional circuitry. In this study, we show that adult-born OB neurons display adaptive changes in response to the sensory context. In a restricted domain of the dendritic arbor of adult-born neurons, we found that structural and functional changes are strongest when olfactory cues are associated with a reward. Thus, the recruitment of adult-born neurons should be seen as a form of metaplasticity that strengthens long-range functional connectivity in the olfactory system during learning.
Current status of the development of genetically modified (GM) forest trees world-wide: a comparison with the development of other GM plants in agriculture.
Authors: Porth I. , El-Kassaby Y. A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Agricultural crops that are genetically improved via recombinant DNA and asexual gene transfer techniques have been commercialized since 1996 and widely planted; currently, 'biotech crops' cover c.170 million ha, i.e. 11% of the total managed cropland globally, and represent a world-wide market value of c. US$15 billion, with an estimated tenfold return from the final product. This situation is in strong contrast to the almost complete lack of commercial deployment of genetically engineered (GE) forest trees (with the only exception being GE poplars commercially grown in China). Reasons for this discrepancy are the low-social acceptance of GE tree deployment, because of the perceived uncertainties about long-term risks for the natural forests that such plantations could cause, and the public demand for absolute transgene containment which is difficult to engineer without generating pleiotropic effects. In this review, we present the
status quo
of agricultural crop biotechnology with a special focus on GE trees. In the near future, the forestry sector will need to meet the increasing demands for timber and improved feedstock with regards to value-added products made out of lignocellulosics. GE in economically important forest trees can accelerate the domestication of these long-lived plant species in terms of high productivity. At the same time, the pressure should decrease on harvesting natural forest stands, which should remain unmanaged conservation forests for biodiversity preservation.
Estimation of GFP-tagged RNA numbers from temporal fluorescence intensity data
Authors: Häkkinen Antti , Ribeiro Andre S. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Motivation : MS2-GFP-tagging of RNA is currently the only method to measure intervals between consecutive transcription events in live cells. For this, new transcripts must be accurately detected from intensity time traces.
Results : We present a novel method for automatically estimating RNA numbers and production intervals from temporal data of cell fluorescence intensities that reduces uncertainty by exploiting temporal information. We also derive a robust variant, more resistant to outliers caused e.g. by RNAs moving out of focus. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the quantification of RNA numbers and production intervals is generally improved compared with previous methods. Finally, we analyze data from live Escherichia coli and show statistically significant differences to previous methods. The new methods can be used to quantify numbers and production intervals of any fluorescent probes, which are present in low copy numbers, are brighter than the cell background and degrade slowly.
Availability : Source code is available under Mozilla Public License at http://www.cs.tut.fi/%7ehakkin22/jumpdet/ .
Contact : andre.ribeiro@tut.fi
BigDataScript: a scripting language for data pipelines
Authors: Cingolani Pablo , Sladek Rob , Blanchette Mathieu 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Motivation: The analysis of large biological datasets often requires complex processing pipelines that run for a long time on large computational infrastructures. We designed and implemented a simple script-like programming language with a clean and minimalist syntax to develop and manage pipeline execution and provide robustness to various types of software and hardware failures as well as portability.
Results: We introduce the BigDataScript (BDS) programming language for data processing pipelines, which improves abstraction from hardware resources and assists with robustness. Hardware abstraction allows BDS pipelines to run without modification on a wide range of computer architectures, from a small laptop to multi-core servers, server farms, clusters and clouds. BDS achieves robustness by incorporating the concepts of absolute serialization and lazy processing, thus allowing pipelines to recover from errors. By abstracting pipeline concepts at programming language level, BDS simplifies implementation, execution and management of complex bioinformatics pipelines, resulting in reduced development and debugging cycles as well as cleaner code.
Availability and implementation: BigDataScript is available under open-source license at http://pcingola.github.io/BigDataScript .
Contact: pablo.e.cingolani@gmail.com
Empires and Imperialism
Authors: Covey Alan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe archaeology of empires has been of long-standing interest in modern study of the past, fitting into different agendas over the last 200 or 300 years. From an initial interest in finding ways in which European powers could benefit from the experience of past colonizers in expanding their own dominions to post-colonial concerns with exposing the inner workings of imperialism with a critical eye, imperial societies have been regarded as distinctive and suitable for cross-cultural comparison. How such empires are theorized is the subject of this chapter, from debates about typologies of imperial organisation to attempts to liberate the oppressed of the past with the tools that the archaeological record provides. Approaches to the growth and collapse of empires from different perspectives (systemic, contextual, etc.) are also key issues, as is the relevance of comparing past empires of the old and new worlds to contemporary conditions of globalization
Victorian Masculinities, or Military Men of Feeling
Authors: Furneaux Holly 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis chapter introduces an unlikely figure of ideal Victorian masculinity, the military man of feeling. It uses Thackeray’s exemplary Colonel Newcome, hero of The Newcomes (1853–5), to focus a number of debates central to Victorian ideas of manliness: the composition of the gentleman, the democratization of manly virtue, the social and national roles of army men across ranks. Building upon excellent recent work on the private lives and experience of Victorian men, it examines a mid-nineteenth-century preoccupation with the emotional experience and eloquence of soldiers, and questions the accepted idea that the Victorian period witnessed a decided stiffening of the upper lip. This essay challenges both the abiding stereotype of the emotionally buttoned-up Victorian male, and the idea, expressed in the Victorian period and familiar in our own, that feeling has no place in war.
Illustrations and the Victorian Novel
Authors: Thomas Julia 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIllustration was a defining feature of the Victorian novel, despite the fact that it has since been marginalized in both published editions and scholarly work. This essay argues for the significance of illustration as a process of interpretative engagement between texts, images, and readers. In so doing, the essay participates in and outlines the emergence of a new illustration studies, which regards illustration as a distinct object of criticism and analyses the way that illustration signifies in relation to the words it accompanies, its cultural context, and other images. The essay takes as its focus pictures that appeared in novels by a range of canonical and less well-known authors (including Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackeray, Anthony Trollope, Florence Montgomery, Jane Sexey, and Ellen Wood). The presence of illustrations in these works, the essay argues, impacts on how the novels are read and can modify and shape the texts themselves.
Melodrama On and Off the Stage
Authors: Davis Jim 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Although melodrama is often considered specifically in national contexts, it is also a transnational phenomenon. Individual melodramas take on different meanings in new locations, while melodrama as a genre changes over time. Evidence of this can be seen, for instance, in the way the supernatural is gradually subsumed by psychology. Melodrama is a fluid genre that eludes easy definition and many plays now described as melodramas were not so defined by their original authors. Melodrama is not antipathetic to realism, but often complements or even makes use of reality, especially when confronting the problems of modernity. It helps to mediate reality and even provides agency to its spectators in their interaction with the world around them.
Emotions
Authors: Burdett Carolyn 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Victorians were clear that emotions matter in relation to literature and art. This chapter examines that conviction in relation to debates about sentiment and sentimentalism during the period. The moral value of emotional responses to literature was contested, with opponents of sentimentalism worried that far from being a moral good, sentiment was at best self-indulgent and at worst dangerous—especially for groups considered less likely to control their emotions. The essay then turns to assess the impact of scientific and psychological theories of emotion in the latter half of the century, arguing that new ways of understanding emotion often retained elements of more traditional views. These include both issues of emotional authenticity and models of hierarchy whereby emotions must be controlled by reason and intellect. As evolutionary thinking collapsed distance between humans and other creatures, the value of aesthetic emotion was intensively debated and contested.
Creating the Hybrid Field of Political Communication
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This chapter tracks the byways that led to the emergence of a cross-disciplinary cadre of scholars identified with the hybrid field of political communication. Concentrating on the period between the Columbia election studies of the 1940s and 1993, it telegraphs the influence of the disciplines of sociology, political science, psychology and communication on the emerging field, indicates how scholars such as Elihu Katz, Kurt and Gladys Lang, Murray Edelman, and Doris Graber seeded the intellectual ground from which the field would grow, catalogues the emergence of a concept of effects that includes such phenomena as learning, the construction of political meaning, and agenda setting, and features a study that isolated the role of communication in activating the variables from which forecasting models predict presidential election outcomes.
Ethnography of Politics and Political Communication
Authors: Luhtakallio Eeva , Eliasoph Nina 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The ethnographic approach has particular potential for studying political communication through enlarging understandings of political institutions and expanding definitions of “politics.” First, widening institutional understanding takes advantage of ethnography’s capacity to open windows that traditional analysis of political institutions leaves shut. Second, ethnography is uniquely able to examine new forms of engagement that people have not yet defined as “politics.” Third, studying political communication ethnographically means expanding the modes of communication and activity examined to include nonverbal and virtual communication. Politics is one of the principal arenas in which “culture” unfolds and becomes observable, yet in ways that are not limited to political institutions or decision-making practices. Common to political ethnographies is the capability to show how “how” and “why” are linked: how a political process or practice takes place enables finding out why it does.
The Political Effects of Entertainment Media
Authors: Delli Carpini Michael X. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In recent years political communication scholars have begun to build a small but important body of quantitative research suggesting that the consumption of entertainment media can affect how citizens learn about, think about, and act in the political world. However, we have limited our ability to understand this relationship by treating entertainment media as a distinct and ghettoized area of study and by an overreliance on theories originating in the study of news and other overtly public affairs media. This chapter argues that what constitutes “politics,” “political engagement,” “political effects,” and “politically relevant media” is not based on inherent qualities of a particular genre, medium, or topic, but is rather are socially constructed. This has always been true, but it is arguably more so in the information environment of the twenty-first century, which for a variety of reasons challenges the presumed distinction between “news” and “entertainment.”
Self-censorship, the Spiral of Silence, and Contemporary Political Communication
Authors: Hayes Andrew F. , Matthes Jörg 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This chapter introduces the tenets of spiral of silence theory as a theory of group dynamics as it relates to the interplay among the media, interpersonal talk, and political discussion. After reviewing some of the findings related to its key propositions, its applicability to modern political communication and mass media research is questioned and fine-tuned. An argument is made that future researchers should abandoned the quest for evidence whether public opinion expression is guided by perceptions of the opinion climate, especially using ad hoc measures that have not been validated. Rather attention should be directed toward examining the role of social pressures in motivating information seeking about the opinion climate and how individual differences such as fear of isolation, attitude certainty, and moral conviction can influence the effect of those perceptions on publicly-observable political behavior.
Press–Government Relations in a Changing Media Environment
Authors: Bennett W. Lance 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Several complex changes affect the legacy press system: failing business models and diminished journalistic capacity, the proliferation of dubiously sourced information flowing into the mass media through interconnected digital networks, and news audiences exercising greater choice about what news to follow and believe. These trends raise questions about traditional approaches to understanding news: Where, and with what consequences, does indexing—the journalistic filtering of news sources and content through perceived government power balances—continue to hold sway? Is there evidence for a decline in gatekeeping and an increase in narrative-driven news? What are the consequences of a changing news system for public engagement and democratic legitimacy? This discussion explores the implications of the increasing democratization of truth as the news system loses the capacity to assess evidence, reject groundless narratives, and anchor public debates in reasonable standards.
Agenda-Setting Theory
Authors: McCombs Maxwell , Valenzuela Sebastián 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This chapter discusses contemporary directions of agenda-setting research. It reviews the basic concept of agenda setting, the transfer of salience from the media agenda to the public agenda as a key step in the formation of public opinion, the concept of need for orientation as a determinant of issue salience, the ways people learn the media agenda, attribute agenda setting, and the consequences of agenda setting that result from priming and attribute priming. Across the theoretical areas found in the agenda-setting tradition, future studies can contribute to the role of news in media effects by showing how agenda setting evolves in the new and expanding media landscape as well as continuing to refine agenda setting’s core concepts.
Uses and Gratifications
Authors: Holbert R. Lance 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This chapter summarizes uses and gratifications, a media research framework that asks why people consume certain media forms. The author explains the general framework of this approach to media, outlines the explanatory principles undergirding work of this kind, and identifies what is needed to move this research agenda toward more formal theory development. The issue of how best to measure gratifications sought, gratifications obtained, and media use is discussed. The chapter identifies three areas for potential developments (i.e., dynamic modeling, complementarity, expansion of communication inputs) within the uses and gratifications framework that may benefit political communication scholars. This issue of what media should be defined as “political” is also addressed, with an argument made for the inclusion of entertainment outlets.
Political Communication, Information Processing, and Social Groups
Authors: Valentino Nicholas A. , Vandenbroek L. Matthew 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This chapter discusses the notion that the mass media influence political attitudes and behaviors by activating group identities and thus stoking group conflicts. Three domains of influence are examined: (1) group cues altering perceptions of group members by changing beliefs, stereotypes, or attitudes; (2) mass media altering the salience of preexisting beliefs and stereotypes; and (3) group cues triggering emotions that lead to changes in information processing and the willingness to take political risks. The chapter argues that while mass media effects are often subtle and require sophisticated methods to detect, they can under certain circumstances powerfully influence information processing and decision making.