bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How sleep and wakefulness influence circadian rhythmicity: effects of insufficient and mistimed sleep on the animal and human transcriptome
Authors: Archer Simon N. , Oster Henrik 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe mammalian circadian system is a multi‐oscillator, hierarchically organised system where a central pacemaker synchronises behavioural, physiological and gene expression rhythms in peripheral tissues. Epidemiological studies show that disruption of this internal synchronisation by short sleep and shift work is associated with adverse health outcomes through mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. Here, we review recent animal and human studies demonstrating the profound effects of insufficient and mistimed sleep on the rhythms of gene expression in central and peripheral tissues. In mice, sleep restriction leads to an ~80% reduction in circadian transcripts in the brain and profound disruption of the liver transcriptome. In humans, sleep restriction leads to a 1.9% reduction in circadian transcripts in whole blood, and when sleep is displaced to the daytime, 97% of rhythmic genes become arrhythmic and one‐third of all genes show changes in temporal expression profiles. These changes in mice and humans include a significant reduction in the circadian regulation of transcription and translation and core clock genes in the periphery, while at the same time rhythms within the suprachiasmatic nucleus are not disrupted. Although the physiological mediators of these sleep disruption effects on the transcriptome have not been established, altered food intake, changes in hormones such as cortisol, and changes in body and brain temperature may play important roles. Processes and molecular pathways associated with these disruptions include metabolism, immune function, inflammatory and stress responses, and point to the molecular mechanisms underlying the established adverse health outcomes associated with short sleep duration and shift work, such as metabolic syndrome and cancer.
Splitting livers: Trans‐hilar or trans‐umbilical division? Technical aspects and comparative outcomes
Authors: de Ville de Goyet J. , di Francesco F. , Sottani V. , Grimaldi C. , Tozzi A. E. , Monti L. , Muiesan P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractControversy remains about the best line of division for liver splitting, through Segment IV or through the umbilical fissure. Both techniques are currently used, with the choice varying between surgical teams in the absence of an evidence‐based choice. We conducted a single‐center retrospective analysis of 47 left split liver grafts that were procured with two different division techniques: “classical” (N = 28, Group A) or through the umbilical fissure and plate (N = 19, Group B). The allocation of recipients to each group was at random; a single transplant team performed all transplantations. Demographics, characteristics, technical aspects, and outcomes were similar in both groups. The grafts in Group A, prepared with the classical technique, were procured more often with a single BD orifice compared with the grafts in Group B; however, this was not associated with a higher incidence of biliary problems in this series of transplants (96% actual graft survival rate [median ± s.d. follow‐up: 26 ± 20 months]). Both techniques provide good quality split grafts and an excellent outcome; surgical expertise with a given technique is more relevant than the technique itself. The classical technique, however, seems to be more flexible in various ways, and surgeons may find it to be preferable.
Grounding Perceptual Dogmatism: What are Perceptual Seemings?
Authors: Ghijsen Harmen 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPerceptual Dogmatism (PD) holds that if it perceptually seems to S that p, then S has immediate prima facie justification for the belief that p. Various philosophers have made the notion of a perceptual seeming more precise by distinguishing perceptual seemings from both sensations and beliefs to accommodate a) the epistemic difference between perceptual judgments of novices and experts, and, b) the problem of the speckled hen. Using somewhat different terminology, perceptual seemings are supposed to be high‐level percepts instead of low‐level sensations. I argue that although it is right that perceptual seemings should not be identified with sensations, they should also not be identified with percepts. There is no strong reason to assume that sensations and percepts exist as separate conscious states, and it appears therefore best to identify perceptual seemings simply with perceptual experiences interpreted as entities incorporating aspects from both sensations and percepts. However, even with this plausible identification in hand, the speckled hen will remain problematic for PD.
New Approaches for Immunization and Therapy against Human Metapneumovirus
Authors: Wen Sherry C. , Williams John V. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTHuman metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a paramyxovirus discovered in 2001 in the Netherlands. Studies have identified HMPV as an important causative agent of acute respiratory disease in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Clinical signs of infection range from mild upper respiratory illness to more serious lower respiratory illness, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. There are currently no licensed therapeutics or vaccines against HMPV. However, several research groups have tested vaccine candidates and monoclonal antibodies in various animal models. Several of these approaches have shown promise in animal models. This minireview summarizes the current therapies used to treat HMPV infection as well as different approaches for immunization.
Two Mutations Were Critical for Bat-to-Human Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
Authors: Yang Yang , Liu Chang , Du Lanying , Jiang Shibo , Shi Zhengli , Baric Ralph S. , Li Fang 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
To understand how Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) transmitted from bats to humans, we compared the virus surface spikes of MERS-CoV and a related bat coronavirus, HKU4. Although HKU4 spike cannot mediate viral entry into human cells, two mutations enabled it to do so by allowing it to be activated by human proteases. These mutations are present in MERS-CoV spike, explaining why MERS-CoV infects human cells. These mutations therefore played critical roles in the bat-to-human transmission of MERS-CoV, either directly or through intermediate hosts.
Caffeine, Coffee, and Tea Intake and Urinary Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Sisti Julia S. , Hankinson Susan E. , Caporaso Neil E. , Gu Fangyi , Tamimi Rulla M. , Rosner Bernard , Xu Xia , Ziegler Regina , Eliassen A. Heather 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Background: Prior studies have found weak inverse associations between breast cancer and caffeine and coffee intake, possibly mediated through their effects on sex hormones.
Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify levels of 15 individual estrogens and estrogen metabolites (EM) among 587 premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II with mid-luteal phase urine samples and caffeine, coffee, and/or tea intakes from self-reported food frequency questionnaires. Multivariate linear mixed models were used to estimate geometric means of individual EM, pathways, and ratios by intake categories, and P values for tests of linear trend.
Results: Compared with women in the lowest quartile of caffeine consumption, those in the top quartile had higher urinary concentrations of 16α-hydroxyestrone (28% difference; Ptrend = 0.01) and 16-epiestriol (13% difference; Ptrend = 0.04), and a decreased parent estrogens/2-, 4-, 16-pathway ratio (Ptrend = 0.03). Coffee intake was associated with higher 2-catechols, including 2-hydroxyestradiol (57% difference, ≥4 cups/day vs. ≤6 cups/week; Ptrend = 0.001) and 2-hydroxyestrone (52% difference; Ptrend = 0.001), and several ratio measures. Decaffeinated coffee was not associated with 2-pathway metabolism, but women in the highest (vs. lowest) category of intake (≥2 cups/day vs. ≤1–3 cups/month) had significantly lower levels of two 16-pathway metabolites, estriol (25% difference; Ptrend = 0.01) and 17-epiestriol (48% difference; Ptrend = 0.0004). Tea intake was positively associated with 17-epiestriol (52% difference; Ptrend = 0.01).
Conclusion: Caffeine and coffee intake were both associated with profiles of estrogen metabolism in premenopausal women.
Impact: Consumption of caffeine and coffee may alter patterns of premenopausal estrogen metabolism. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(8); 1174–83. ©2015 AACR.
Aberrant TET1 Methylation Closely Associated with CpG Island Methylator Phenotype in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ichimura Norihisa , Shinjo Keiko , An Byonggu , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Yamao Kenji , Ohka Fumiharu , Katsushima Keisuke , Hatanaka Akira , Tojo Masayuki , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Suzuki Hiromu , Ueda Minoru , Kondo Yutaka 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Inactivation of methylcytosine dioxygenase, ten-eleven translocation (TET) is known to be associated with aberrant DNA methylation in cancers. Tumors with a CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), a distinct subgroup with extensive DNA methylation, show characteristic features in the case of colorectal cancer. The relationship between TET inactivation and CIMP in colorectal cancers is not well understood. The expression level of TET family genes was compared between CIMP-positive (CIMP-P) and CIMP-negative (CIMP-N) colorectal cancers. Furthermore, DNA methylation profiling, including assessment of the TET1 gene, was assessed in colorectal cancers, as well as colon polyps. The TET1 was silenced by DNA methylation in a subset of colorectal cancers as well as cell lines, expression of which was reactivated by demethylating agent. TET1 methylation was more frequent in CIMP-P (23/55, 42%) than CIMP-N (2/113, 2%, P &lt; 0.0001) colorectal cancers. This trend was also observed in colon polyps (CIMP-P, 16/40, 40%; CIMP-N, 2/24, 8%; P = 0.002), suggesting that TET1 methylation is an early event in CIMP tumorigenesis. TET1 methylation was significantly associated with BRAF mutation but not with hMLH1 methylation in the CIMP-P colorectal cancers. Colorectal cancers with TET1 methylation have a significantly greater number of DNA methylated genes and less pathological metastasis compared to those without TET1 methylation (P = 0.007 and 0.045, respectively). Our data suggest that TET1 methylation may contribute to the establishment of a unique pathway in respect to CIMP-mediated tumorigenesis, which may be incidental to hMLH1 methylation. In addition, our findings provide evidence that TET1 methylation may be a good biomarker for the prediction of metastasis in colorectal cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 8(8); 702–11. ©2015 AACR.
ЗНАЧЕННЯ ІНТРА- ТА ПІСЛЯОПЕРАЦІЙНИХ УСКЛАДНЕНЬ У ПРОГНОЗУВАННІ ВИХОДУ ХІРУРГІЧНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ПРОЛІФЕРАТИВНОЇ ДІАБЕТИЧНОЇ РЕТИНОПАТІЇ
Authors: Риков С. О. , Рубан А. М. , Зольнікова А. Ю. 
Published: June 2015

<p>The article describes the results in detection some factors that may predict visual outcome after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy</p>
Lessons from First-Generation Climate Science Integrators
Authors: Brugger Julie , Meadow Alison , Horangic Alexandra 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
There is an increasing demand for climate science that decision-makers can readily use to address issues created by climate variability and climate change. To be usable, the science must be relevant to their context and the complex management challenges they face and credible and legitimate in their eyes. The literature on usable science provides guiding principles for its development, which indicate that climate scientists who want to participate in the process need skills in addition to their traditional disciplinary training to facilitate communicating, interacting, and developing and sustaining relationships with stakeholders outside their disciplines. However, the literature does not address questions about what specific skills are needed and how to provide climate scientists with these skills. To address these questions, this article presents insights from interviews with highly experienced and respected "first generation” climate science integrators from across the United States. The term “climate science integrator” is used to refer to climate scientists who specialize in helping decision-makers to integrate the best available climate science into their decision-making processes. The cadre of scientists who participated in the research has largely developed their methods for working successfully with stakeholders without formal training but often with the guidance of a mentor. Their collective wisdom illuminates the kinds of skills needed to be a successful science integrator and provides mentoring for aspiring science integrators. It also suggests the types of training that would cultivate these skills and indicates ways to change academic training and institutions to better encourage the next generation and to support this kind of work.
A Method of Estimating Electric Fields above Electrified Clouds from Passive Microwave Observations
Authors: Peterson Michael , Liu Chuntao , Mach Douglas , Deierling Wiebke , Kalb Christina 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA unique dataset of coincident high-altitude passive microwave and electric field observations taken by the NASA ER-2 aircraft is used to assess the feasibility of estimating electric fields above electrified clouds using ubiquitous global and multidecadal satellite products. Once applied to a global dataset, such a product would provide a unique approach for diagnosing and monitoring the current sources of the global electric circuit (GEC).In this study an algorithm has been developed that employs ice scattering signals from 37- and 85-GHz passive microwave observations to characterize the electric fields above clouds overflown by the ER-2 aircraft at nearly 20-km altitude. Electric field estimates produced by this passive microwave algorithm are then compared to electric field observations also taken by the aircraft to assess its potential future utility with satellite datasets. The algorithm is shown to estimate observed electric field strengths over intense convective clouds at least 71% (58%) of the time over land and 43% (40%) of the time over the ocean to within a factor of 2 from 85-GHz (37 GHz) passive microwave observations. Electric fields over weaker clouds can be estimated 58% (41%) of the time over land and 22% (8%) of the time over the ocean from 85-GHz (37 GHz) passive microwave observations. The accuracy of these estimates is limited by systematic errors in the observations along with other factors. Despite these sources of error, the algorithm can produce reasonable estimates of electric fields over carefully selected individual electrified clouds that differ from observations by less than 20 V m−1 for clouds that produce 200–400 V m−1 electric fields at 20 km.
Subarachnoid Administration of Iohexol in Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Drobeck H. P. , Mayes B. A. , Barbolt T. A. , Fabian R. J. , Kimball J. P. , Slighter R. R. 
Published: June 2015

A non-ionic diagnostic medium, iohexol, was administered by subarachnoid injection to groups of six cynomolgus monkeys and compared with the vehicle, physiologically normal saline, and/or saline of equal osmolality to determine its potential for increasing total protein and leucocyte levels in cerebrospinal fluid. Also investigated was the effect of repeated spinal taps not subsequently followed by the intrathecal injection of test or control articles. In the monkey, unlike man, low-level leucocyte counts were consistently observed following initial withdrawal of spinal fluid. Elevated leucocyte and total protein levels were observed in the present investigations one day to a week after intrathecal injection of radiopaque, vehicle or saline solution. Total protein returned to normal levels earlier than did leucocyte counts. However, repeated needle puncture alone was found to be sufficient to cause an elevation of leucocytes 3 to 4 times the baseline level, while inflammatory effects were observed histologically only when autopsy was performed soon after the final spinal tap. References
Torsion of a Wandering Spleen in an Infant
Authors: Smevik B. , Monclair T. 
Published: June 2015

A case of torsion of the wandering spleen in an infant is presented. The value and limitations of various imaging modalities in making a correct preoperative diagnosis are discussed and a brief review of the literature is given. The spleen is said to be wandering when its pedicle allows the viscus to be located in another part of the abdomen than the left upper quadrant (1). The condition is rare, especially in children (1, 4), and it is usually asymptomatic until torsion occurs.
Double-Contrast MR Imaging of Reperfused Porcine Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nilsson S. , Wikström G. , Ericsson A. , Wikström M. , Øksendal A. , Waldenström A. , Hemmingsson A. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Myocardial infarctions were induced in 12 pigs to investigate whether a double-contrast method, combining a positive and a negative MR contrast agent, could improve the visualization of reperfused myocardial infarctions. Material and Methods: All 12 pigs were subjected to 80 min of occlusion followed by reperfusion. In the double-contrast group (6 pigs), Gd-DTPA-BMA (0.3 mmol/kg b.w.) and Dy-DTPA-BMA (1.0 mmol/kg b.w.) were administered i.v. after 30 min of reperfusion. In the remaining 6 pigs, a single injection of Gd-DTPA-BMA (0.3 mmol/kg b.w.) was given after 30 min of reperfusion. All pigs were sacrificed 10 min postcontrast injection, corresponding to a reperfusion time of 40 min. The hearts were excised and imaged with MR. The concentrations of Gd and Dy were measured in infarcted and nonischaemic myocardium using ICP-AES. Results and Conclusion: Contrast media concentrations were more than 4-fold higher in infarcted compared with nonischaemic myocardium. The infarctions were best shown on T1-weighted images, and there were no differences between the double and single contrast groups. In the T2-weighted images, the infarctions were significantly better visualized in the double-contrast group, due to a Dy-induced signal intensity loss in nonischaemic myocardium.
Influence of a Non-Ionic Radiography Contrast Medium on the Microcirculation
Authors: Bach R. , Jung F. , Scheller B. , Hummel B. , Özbek C. , Spitzer S. , Schieffer H. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose, Material and Methods: Microcirculatory disturbances may be responsible for some of the adverse effects induced by contrast media. The influence of iopromide 370 (Ultravist) on cutaneous microcirculation was therefore investigated in 15 patients in a prospective study. Twenty ml of iopromide and 20 ml 0.9% NaCl were injected as reference in the subclavian artery at the beginning of a diagnostic coronary angiography. Erythrocyte velocity was measured in ipsilateral nailfold capillaries at the beginning of, during, and after the injection continuously up to 6 min after injection. Results: On average, 30 s after injection of contrast medium, erythrocyte velocity decreased significantly by 51.3% (p<0.0001) and remained reduced up to 120 s. This reaction was observed in 14 out of 15 patients. Three patients showed a temporary cessation of capillary blood flow. Conclusion: The adverse effects sometimes seen during coronary angiography can be explained if similar contrast medium induced microcirculatory disturbances in the myocardial vasculature.
Radiation-Induced Skin Injury after Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Søvik E. , Kløw N.-E. , Hellesnes J. , Lykke J. 
Published: June 2015

A 58-year-old man underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties in June 1992 and May 1993. Approximately 3 weeks after the last procedure, a cutaneous lesion developed into an ulcer over the right scapular region. The ulcer failed to heal with conservative treatment; therefore, surgical excision was performed. The localization and the course of the development indicated injury caused by radiation, and this was confirmed by the histologic examination. To avoid such injury in interventional procedures with long fluoroscopic time, several precautions should be taken. These include continuous surveillance of the X-ray dosage, the use of different projections to avoid exposure to one skin area throughout the whole procedure, keeping the irradiated area as small as possible, and good planning of the procedure.
Long-Term Follow-up of Residual Mediastinal Masses in Treated Hodgkin's Disease Using MR Imaging
Authors: Nyman R. , Forsgren G. , Glimelius B. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Long-term follow-up of residual mediastinal masses in treated Hodgkin's disease using MR imaging. Material and Methods: Ten patients, with substantial residual mediastinal masses of low signal intensity (SI) in the T2-weighted image (T2WI), were reinvestigated with MR 19–79 months after completing treatment of Hodgkin's disease. All patients were in complete remission. Results: During the follow-up period, the masses had decreased in size by 0–95% (median 67%) as compared to their initial post-therapy size. The SI continued to be low in the T2WI and was unaffected by the degree of size reduction. Conclusion: It is speculated that these mainly fibrotic residual masses undergo slow degradation of the fibrotic part and/or resorption of remaining inflammatory tissue. It is important to understand the natural, long-term MR imaging changes of these residual masses in order more easily to recognize tumour recurrence or other pathologic conditions.
MR Imaging as the Primary Modality for Neuroradiologic Evaluation of the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Annertz M. , Wingstrand H. , Strömqvist B. , Holtås S. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To evaluate the effects on cost, and number of primary and supplementary neuroradiologic examinations, after introducing MR imaging as the primary modality in the evaluation of the lumbar spine. Material and Methods: Two 5-month periods were compared: period 1 — before MR; and period 2 — after introduction of a 2nd MR device. In period 1, patients were examined with myelography and/or CT after referral from specialists only, whereas in period 2 both specialists and general practitioners could refer patients for MR imaging. The direct cost (neuroradiologic methods and hospitalization) and indirect cost (sick-leave and estimated loss of production caused by the diagnostic procedure) were estimated. Results and Conclusion: In period 1, investigations were started in 75 patients (62 myelographies and 13 CT examinations); in period 2, in 227 patients (198 MR, 21 CT, and 8 myelographies). The estimated total cost increased from SEK 825 000 to 1 265 000 (53%), the cost per investigated patient decreasing from 11 000 to 5565 (50%), and the cost of preoperative investigation per operated patient decreasing from 8616 to 5563 (35%). The number of supplementary examinations was unchanged.