bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equine autologous platelet concentrates: A comparative study between different available systems
Authors: Hessel L. N. , Bosch G. , van Weeren P. R. , Ionita J.‐C. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyAutologous platelet concentrates (APCs) are being used increasingly in horses to enhance regeneration in tissues that have poor natural healing capabilities. Numerous APC systems, which are based on different preparation techniques and were originally developed for human patients, are now routinely used in equine cases. However, preliminary process validation and adequate in vitro biochemical characterisation of most of these systems do not exist for horses.ObjectivesTo compare haematological findings and growth factor concentrations of equine APCs obtained with 4 commercially available systems and a noncommercial double‐centrifugation technique.Study designNonrandomised in vitro experiment.MethodsBlood samples from 6 horses were processed to produce APCs using one equine‐specific filtration‐based and 4 different centrifugation‐based techniques. Platelet, leucocyte, platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB and transforming growth factor‐β1 concentrations were measured in all APCs, and their respective enrichment factors were compared.ResultsMean platelet concentration increased in all systems in comparison to baseline; however, the mean enrichment factor, which ranged from 130% to 527% depending on the APC, was statistically significant in only 2 products. One method reduced total leucocyte counts to 9% of the baseline value, while the others had a mean fold increase varying from 116 to 663% of the baseline. Differential leucocyte count also differed between the products. Moreover, the various systems had significantly different mean growth factor enrichments (184–1255% for platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB and 93–560% for transforming growth factor‐β1).ConclusionsHaematological and biochemical characteristics varied markedly among 5 techniques used in the field to produce APCs in horses. These discrepancies could have an impact on clinical outcomes, and further studies are needed to determine their influence on the quality of tissue regeneration. Clinicians should not rely on the manufacturers’ data relating to human patients to select the most appropriate method for horses.
Genetics of upper and lower airway diseases in the horse
Authors: Gerber V. , Tessier C. , Marti E. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryGenetic predispositions for guttural pouch tympany, recurrent laryngeal neuropathy and recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) are well documented. There is also evidence that exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage and infectious diseases of the respiratory tract in horses have a genetic component. The clinical expression of equine respiratory diseases with a genetic basis results from complex interactions between the environment and the genetic make‐up of each individual horse. The genetic effects are likely to be due to variations in several genes, i.e. they are polygenic. It is therefore unlikely that single gene tests will be diagnostically useful in these disorders. Genetic profiling panels, combining several genetic factors with an assessment of environmental risk factors, may have greater value, but much work is still needed to uncover diagnostically useful genetic markers or even causative variants for equine respiratory diseases. Nonetheless, chromosomal regions associated with guttural pouch tympany, recurrent laryngeal neuropathy and RAO have been identified. The association of RAO with other hypersensitivities and with resistance to intestinal parasites requires further study. This review aims to provide an overview of the available data and current thoughts on the genetics of equine airway diseases.
Sensitivity and responses of diatoms to climate warming in lakes heavily influenced by humans
Authors: Berthon Vincent , Alric Benjamin , Rimet Frédéric , Perga Marie‐Elodie 
Published: April 2014

Summary

Diatom communities have been shown to respond strongly to current climate warming in remote lakes, while evidence remains equivocal for lakes under strong local human pressures.

Temporal dynamics of planktonic diatoms in three subalpine lakes (Geneva, Annecy and Bourget) reconstructed from palaeolimnological approaches were used to assess the relative effects of phosphorus concentrations, fisheries management practices and climate warming in structuring communities over the last century.

Changes in total phosphorous concentration (TP), air temperature and fish predation pressure could explain the temporal dynamics of most diatom species in the sediment records. TP was found to be not only the main driver of changes in community composition but also an important factor modulating diatom sensitivity and responses to climate warming.

The diatom community of Lake Bourget showed the highest vulnerability and direct responses to climate warming, favouring spring species that can resist earlier stratification in mesotrophic lakes (such as Asterionella formosa, Aulacoseira islandica and Stephanodiscus parvus) and summer species that can make the best trade‐off between decreasing nutrient concentrations and increased water column stability (Diatoma tenuis, A. islandica). In Lake Geneva, climate warming also contributed to shaping diatom communities but through an indirect pathway; fisheries management practices and climate warming interacted to reinforce top‐down control, favouring large, colonial inedible species (Stephanodicus binderanus and A. formosa). For Lake Annecy, the most nutrient limited of the three lakes studied, no changes in diatom community structure were directly related to warmer air temperatures over the last 25 years.

All three lakes have been subjected to the same climate variability. Yet the magnitude and responses of their diatom communities to climate warming were dissimilar and strongly modulated by differences in lake trophic status and fish management practices.
Integrating molecular tools into freshwater ecology: developments and opportunities
Authors: Pauls Steffen U. , Alp Maria , Bálint Miklós , Bernabò Paola , Čiampor Fedor , Čiamporová‐Zaťovičová Zuzana , Finn Debra S. , Kohout Jan , Leese Florian , Lencioni Valeria , Paz‐Vinas Ivan , Monaghan Michael T. 
Published: April 2014

Summary

Molecular genetic techniques have been used in freshwater biology for more than 30 years. Early work focussed on studies of population structure, systematics and taxonomy. More recently, the range of studies has broadened to include ecology and adaptation. Advances in analytical methods and in technology (e.g. next‐generation sequencing) and decreasing costs of data production ensure that the field will continue to develop and broaden in scope.

At least three factors make the application of molecular techniques to freshwater biology exciting. First, the highly variable nature of many aquatic habitats makes them excellent models for the study of environmental change on ecological and evolutionary time scales. Second, the mature state of the field of freshwater biology provides an extensive foundation of ecological knowledge of freshwater organisms and their distinct adaptations. Third, the methodological advances allow researchers to focus more on merging molecular and ecological research and less on designing studies around technical limitations.

We identified eight research areas in freshwater biology in which the integration of molecular and ecological approaches provides exceptional opportunities. The list is not exhaustive, but considers a broad range of topics and spans the continuum from basic to applied research. The areas identified use a combination of natural, experimental and in silico approaches.

With advancing molecular techniques, freshwater biology is in an unusually strong position to link the genetic basis and ecological importance of adaptations across a wide range of taxa, ecosystems and spatiotemporal scales. Our aim was to identify opportunities for the integration of molecular and ecological approaches, to motivate greater collaboration and crossover, and to promote exploitation of the synergies of bridging ecological and evolutionary freshwater research.
Identifying the interacting roles of stressors in driving the global loss of canopy‐forming to mat‐forming algae in marine ecosystems
Authors: Strain Elisabeth M. A. , Thomson Russell J. , Micheli Fiorenza , Mancuso Francesco P. , Airoldi Laura 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIdentifying the type and strength of interactions between local anthropogenic and other stressors can help to set achievable management targets for degraded marine ecosystems and support their resilience by identifying local actions. We undertook a meta‐analysis, using data from 118 studies to test the hypothesis that ongoing global declines in the dominant habitat along temperate rocky coastlines, forests of canopy‐forming algae and/or their replacement by mat‐forming algae are driven by the nonadditive interactions between local anthropogenic stressors that can be addressed through management actions (fishing, heavy metal pollution, nutrient enrichment and high sediment loads) and other stressors (presence of competitors or grazers, removal of canopy algae, limiting or excessive light, low or high salinity, increasing temperature, high wave exposure and high UV or CO2), not as easily amenable to management actions. In general, the cumulative effects of local anthropogenic and other stressors had negative effects on the growth and survival of canopy‐forming algae. Conversely, the growth or survival of mat‐forming algae was either unaffected or significantly enhanced by the same pairs of stressors. Contrary to our predictions, the majority of interactions between stressors were additive. There were however synergistic interactions between nutrient enrichment and heavy metals, the presence of competitors, low light and increasing temperature, leading to amplified negative effects on canopy‐forming algae. There were also synergistic interactions between nutrient enrichment and increasing CO2 and temperature leading to amplified positive effects on mat‐forming algae. Our review of the current literature shows that management of nutrient levels, rather than fishing, heavy metal pollution or high sediment loads, would provide the greatest opportunity for preventing the shift from canopy to mat‐forming algae, particularly in enclosed bays or estuaries because of the higher prevalence of synergistic interactions between nutrient enrichment with other local and global stressors, and as such it should be prioritized.
Soil respiration under climate warming: differential response of heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Lingli , Piao Shilong , Janssens Ivan A. , Tang Jianwu , Liu Weixing , Chi Yonggang , Wang Jing , Xu Shan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDespite decades of research, how climate warming alters the global flux of soil respiration is still poorly characterized. Here, we use meta‐analysis to synthesize 202 soil respiration datasets from 50 ecosystem warming experiments across multiple terrestrial ecosystems. We found that, on average, warming by 2 °C increased soil respiration by 12% during the early warming years, but warming‐induced drought partially offset this effect. More significantly, the two components of soil respiration, heterotrophic respiration and autotrophic respiration showed distinct responses. The warming effect on autotrophic respiration was not statistically detectable during the early warming years, but nonetheless decreased with treatment duration. In contrast, warming by 2 °C increased heterotrophic respiration by an average of 21%, and this stimulation remained stable over the warming duration. This result challenged the assumption that microbial activity would acclimate to the rising temperature. Together, our findings demonstrate that distinguishing heterotrophic respiration and autotrophic respiration would allow us better understand and predict the long‐term response of soil respiration to warming. The dependence of soil respiration on soil moisture condition also underscores the importance of incorporating warming‐induced soil hydrological changes when modeling soil respiration under climate change.
Ocean cleaning stations under a changing climate: biological responses of tropical and temperate fish‐cleaner shrimp to global warming
Authors: Rosa Rui , Lopes Ana Rita , Pimentel Marta , Faleiro Filipa , Baptista Miguel , Trübenbach Katja , Narciso Luis , Dionísio Gisela , Pegado Maria Rita , Repolho Tiago , Calado Ricardo , Diniz Mário 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCleaning symbioses play an important role in the health of certain coastal marine communities. These interspecific associations often occur at specific sites (cleaning stations) where a cleaner organism (commonly a fish or shrimp) removes ectoparasites/damaged tissue from a ‘client’ (a larger cooperating fish). At present, the potential impact of climate change on the fitness of cleaner organisms remains unknown. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of tropical (Lysmata amboinensis) and temperate (L. seticaudata) cleaner shrimp to global warming. Specifically, thermal limits (CTMax), metabolic rates, thermal sensitivity, heat shock response (HSR), lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration], lactate levels, antioxidant (GST,SODand catalase) and digestive enzyme activities (trypsin and alkaline phosphatase) at current and warming (+3 °C) temperature conditions. In contrast to the temperate species,CTMax values decreased significantly from current (24–27 °C) to warming temperature conditions (30 °C) for the tropical shrimp, where metabolic thermal sensitivity was affected and theHSRwas significantly reduced.MDAlevels in tropical shrimp increased dramatically, indicating extreme cellular lipid peroxidation, which was not observed in the temperate shrimp. Lactate levels,GSTandSODactivities were significantly enhanced within the muscle tissue of the tropical species. Digestive enzyme activities in the hepatopancreas of both species were significantly decreased by warmer temperatures. Our data suggest that the tropical cleaner shrimp will be more vulnerable to global warming than the temperateLysmata seticaudata; the latter evolved in a relatively unstable environment with seasonal thermal variations that may have conferred greater adaptive plasticity. Thus, tropical cleaning symbioses may be challenged at a greater degree by warming‐related anthropogenic forcing, with potential cascading effects on the health and structuring of tropical coastal communities (e.g. coral reefs).
Pruritus in hemodialysis patients: Results from the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (JDOPPS)
Authors: Kimata Naoki , Fuller Douglas S. , Saito Akira , Akizawa Tadao , Fukuhara Shunichi , Pisoni Ronald L. , Robinson Bruce M. , Akiba Takashi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPruritus affects many patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). In this study, pruritus and its relationship to morbidity, quality of life (QoL), sleep quality, and patient laboratory measures were analyzed in a large sample of Japanese patients undergoing HD. Severity of patient‐reported pruritus symptoms experienced during a 4‐week period was collected from 6480 Japanese patients undergoing HD in three phases of the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS; 1996–2008; 60–65 study facilities/phase). Adjusted linear and logistic regressions were used to identify associations of pruritus with treatment parameters and QoL outcomes. Adjusted Cox regressions examined the influence of pruritus severity on mortality. Moderate to extreme pruritus was experienced by 44% of prevalent patients undergoing HD in the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. Many patient characteristics were significantly associated with pruritus, but this did not explain the large differences in pruritus among facilities (20–70%). Pruritus was slightly less common in patients starting HD than in patients on dialysis >1 year. Patients with moderate to extreme pruritus were more likely to feel drained (adjusted odds ratio = 2.2–5.8, P < 0.0001), have poor sleep quality (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9–3.7, P < 0.0001), and have QoL mental and physical composite scores 2.3–6.7 points lower (P < 0.0001) than patients with no/mild pruritus. Pruritus in patients undergoing HD was associated with a 23% higher mortality risk (P = 0.09). The many poor outcomes associated with pruritus underscore the need for better therapeutic agents to provide relief for the 40–50% of prevalent patients undergoing HD substantially affected by pruritus. Pruritus in new patients with end‐stage renal disease likely results from uremia or pre‐existing conditions (not HD per se), indicating the need to understand development of pruritus before end‐stage renal disease.
Hemodialysis‐related headache
Authors: Sav Murat Yusuf , Sav Tansu , Senocak Elif , Sav Nadide Melike 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHeadache is one of the most frequently encountered neurological symptoms during hemodialysis. According to International Classification of Headache criteria dialysis‐related headache was defined as the headache occurring during hemodialysis with no specific characteristic. It resolves spontaneously within 72 hours after the hemodialysis session ends. There are few studies in the literature investigating the clinical features of dialysis headache. The pathophysiology of hemodialysis‐related headache is not known, but various triggering factors have been identified, including changes in blood pressure, serum sodium and magnesium levels during hemodialysis sessions, caffeine deprivation and stress. The aim of this article is to evaluate and analyze features of headache in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Clearance of myoglobin by high cutoff continuous veno‐venous hemodialysis in a patient with rhabdomyolysis: A case report
Authors: Wu Buyun , Gong Dehua , Ji Daxi , Xu Bin , Liu Zhihong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractContinuous veno‐venous hemodialysis using high cutoff filters (HCO‐CVVHD) is a promising technique, which may be effective to decrease the extremely high level of circulating myoglobin in patients with rhabdomyolysis (RM). Here, we report a patient with RM caused by heat stroke who was successfully treated by HCO‐CVVHD. A male patient received HCO‐CVVHD with 4 L/h dialysate for 5 days and then pre‐dilution continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) at a dose of 4 L/h until recovery of renal function. The clearance of myoglobin and albumin at 5 minutes, and at 4, 12, and 24 hours were calculated. The serum myoglobin level decreased from a peak of 25,400 ng/mL on admission to 133 ng/mL at discharge. During HCO‐CVVHD, the mean clearances of serum myoglobin at four timepoints were 61.3 (range, 61.0–61.6), 52.3 (38.9–65.8), 47.3 (46.8–47.9), and 43.7 (39.5–48.0) mL/min, respectively, and the mean clearances of albumin were 12.4 (range, 11.8–13.1), 3.1 (2.5–3.8), 1.2 (1.0–1.4), and 0.8 (0.6–1.0) mL/min, respectively. During CVVH, the clearance rates of myoglobin at 5 minutes and 24 hours were 17.0 and 3.8 mL/min, respectively, with a negligible clearance of albumin. HCO‐CVVHD can effectively decrease serum myoglobin in patients with RM because of much higher clearance of myoglobin than CVVH. However, attention should be paid to albumin loss during HCO‐CVVHD.
Inflammation, high ferritin, and erythropoietin resistance in indigenous maintenance hemodialysis patients from the Top End of Northern Australia
Authors: Majoni Sandawana William , Ellis Joy‐Anne , Hall Heather , Abeyaratne Asanga , Lawton Paul D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractUse of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs) has improved the management of anemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Iron deficiency and inflammation cause ESAs resistance and are both common among indigenous people of Northern Australia. As part of quality assurance in our Renal Anaemia Management program, we observed that there was use of higher doses of ESAs and adjuvant iron therapy in our MHD patients. This study aimed to explore the relationship among iron studies, inflammation, ESA responsiveness, and ESAs and iron requirements in indigenous patients on MHD from the Top End of Northern Australia. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of anemia management in a cohort of our patients on MHD. We extracted data for 178 indigenous and 19 non‐indigenous patients from 1 March 2009 to 28 February 2010 from the Renal Anaemia Management database, which collects data prospectively in MHD patients. Ninety‐nine percent of the whole sample had a ferritin level above the international guidelines threshold of >500 µg/L. Indigenous patients had higher ferritin (1534 ± 245.5 µg/L vs. 1013 ± 323.3 µg/L, P = 0.002). C‐reactive protein (CRP) was high in 56.9% of the total cohort. One hundred percent of those with normal CRP had high ferritin (>500 µg/L). C‐reactive protein was higher in indigenous than in non‐indigenous patients. Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents hyporesponsiveness was higher in indigenous patients (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in ESAs hyporesponsiveness among different levels of CRP (P = 0.116), ferritin (P = 0.408), and transferrin saturation (P = 0.503). Indigenous patients required higher total iron dose (2820.30 [2000–4350] vs. 2336.12 [1912–2900], P = 0.02). There was no significant relationship between the high ferritin and CRP. In indigenous dialysis patients, iron therapy and ESAs use are higher. The high iron use is due to a lack of published evidence to guide the administration of iron in patients with high ferritin. The high ferritin and ESAs resistance could not be fully explained by inflammation and need further evaluation. Further studies are required to determine the safe use of iron and management of ESAs resistance in our hemodialysis population.
Characteristic Epithelium with Low‐Grade Atypia Appears on the Surface of Gastric Cancer after Successful Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy
Authors: Kitamura Yoko , Ito Masanori , Matsuo Taiji , Boda Tomoyuki , Oka Shiro , Yoshihara Masaharu , Tanaka Shinji , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of gastric cancer after successful Helicobacter pylori eradication has been increasing. We previously reported that epithelium with low‐grade atypia (ELA) appeared on the surface of gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication. Here, we investigate the clinical and biological characteristics of such ELA.MethodsWe studied 27 cases of gastric cancer detected after successful H. pylori eradication therapy. We examined the prevalence of ELA among these cases and its significance for endoscopic discovery after H. pylori eradication. We additionally investigated the mucus, p53 and Ki67 expressions in ELA.ResultsEpithelium with low‐grade atypia that continuous with the gastric tumor was detected in 22 of 27 cases (81%), a significantly greater percentage than that for controls (p < 0.01). We found that gastric‐type mucin was frequently expressed in this epithelium. Neither p53‐ nor Ki67‐positive cells were found in ELA, irrespective of their expression in tumor tissue. The presence of ELA was positively correlated with the clinical interval between H. pylori eradication and gastric cancer detection.ConclusionsEpithelium with low‐grade atypia on gastric cancer tissue, which may develop from gastric cancer cells, is frequently present after successful eradication therapy. This phenomenon could influence the practice of endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancers.