bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programming of neurotoxic cofactor CXCL-10 in HIV-1-associated dementia: abrogation of CXCL-10-induced neuro-glial toxicity in vitro by PKC activator
Authors: Mehla Rajeev , Bivalkar-Mehla Shalmali , Nagarkatti Mitzi , Chauhan Ashok 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundMore than 50% of patients undergoing lifelong suppressive antiviral treatment for HIV-1 infection develop minor HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurological complications during HIV-1 infection are the result of direct neuronal damage by proinflammatory products released from HIV-1-infected or -uninfected activated lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, microglia and astrocytes. The specific pro-inflammatory products and their roles in neurotoxicity are far from clear. We investigated proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of HIV-demented (HIV-D) and HIV-nondemented (HIV-ND) patients and studied their affect on neuroglial toxicity.Methods and resultsBioplex array showed elevated levels of signatory chemokines or cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ, CXCL10, MCP-1 and PDGF) in the CSF of HIV-D patients (n = 7) but not in that of HIV-ND patients (n = 7). Among the signatory cytokines and chemokines, CXCL10 was distinctly upregulated in-vitro in HIV-1 (NLENG1)-activated human fetal astrocytes, HIV-1 (Ba-L)-infected macrophages, and HIV-1 (NLENG1)-infected lymphocytes. Virus-infected macrophages also had increased levels of TNF-α. Consistently, human fetal astrocytes treated with HIV-1 and TNF-α induced the signatory molecules. CXCL10 in combination with HIV-1 synergistically enhanced neuronal toxicity and showed chemotactic activity (~ 40 fold) for activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), suggesting the intersection of signaling events imparted by HIV-1 and CXCL10 after binding to their respective surface receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR3, on neurons. Blocking CXCR3 and its downstream MAP kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway suppressed combined CXCL10 and HIV-1-induced neurotoxicity. Bryostatin, a PKC modulator and suppressor of CXCR4, conferred neuroprotection against combined insult with HIV-1 and CXCL10. Bryostatin also suppressed HIV-1 and CXCL10-induced PBMC chemotaxis. Although, therapeutic targeting of chemokines in brain may have adverse consequences on the host, current findings and earlier evidence suggest that CXCL10 could strongly impede neuroinflammation.ConclusionWe have demonstrated induction of CXCL10 and other chemokines/cytokines during HIV-1 infection in the brain, as well as synergism of CXCL10 with HIV-1 in neuronal toxicity, which was dampened by bryostatin.
Reduction of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) viremia by a reformulated inactivated chimeric PCV1-2 vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immunity after experimental PCV2 challenge
Authors: Seo Hwi Won , Oh Yeonsu , Han Kiwon , Park Changhoon , Chae Chanhee 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
The objective of the present study was to elucidate the humoral and cellular immune response mechanisms by which a reformulated inactivated chimeric PCV1-2 vaccine reduces the PCV2 viremia. Forty PCV2 seronegative 3-week-old pigs were randomly divided into the following four groups: vaccinated challenged (T01), vaccinated non-challenged (T02), non-vaccinated challenged (T03), and non-vaccinated non-challenged (T04) animals. The pigs in groups T01 and T02 were immunized with a reformulated inactivated chimeric PCV1-2 vaccine (Fostera™ PCV; Pfizer Animal Health) administered as a 2.0 ml dose at 21 days of age. At 35 days of age (0 days post-challenge), the pigs in groups T01 and T03 were inoculated intranasally with 2 ml each of PCV2b.

Results
A reduction of PCV2 viremia coincided with the appearance of both PCV2-specific neutralizing antibodies (NA) and interferon-γ-secreting cells (IFN-γ-SCs) in the vaccinated animals. However, the presence of anti-PCV2 IgG antibodies did not correlate with the reduction of PCV2 viremia. Lymphocyte subset analysis indicated that the numbers of CD3+ and CD4+ cells increased in vaccinated animals but the numbers of CD4+ cells decreased transiently in non-vaccinated animals. The observation of a delayed type hypersensitivity response in only the vaccinated animals also supports a CD4+ cell-associated protective cellular immune response induced by the reformulated inactivated chimeric PCV1-2 vaccine.

Conclusions
The induction of PCV2-specific NA and IFN-γ-SCs, and CD4+ cells by the reformulated inactivated chimeric PCV1-2 vaccine is the important protective immune response leading to reduction of the PCV2 viremia and control of the PCV2 infection. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of protective humoral and cellular immunity induced by the reformulated inactivated chimeric PCV1-2 vaccine and its effect on reduction of PCV2 viremia by vaccination.
Effects of ionizing radiation in combination with Erufosine on T98G glioblastoma xenograft tumours: a study in NMRI nu/nu mice
Authors: Henke Guido , Meier Verena , Lindner Lars H , Eibl Hansjörg , Bamberg Michael , Belka Claus , Budach Wilfried , Jendrossek Verena 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Erufosine is a promising anticancer drug that increases the efficacy of radiotherapy in glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. Moreover, treatment of nude mice with repeated intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injections of Erufosine is well tolerated and yields drug concentrations in the brain tissue that are higher than the concentrations required for cytotoxic drug effects on glioblastoma cell lines in vitro.

Methods
In the present study we aimed to evaluate the effects of a combined treatment with radiotherapy and Erufosine on growth and local control of T98G subcutaneous glioblastoma xenograft- tumours in NMRI nu/nu mice.

Results
We show that repeated intraperitoneal injections of Erufosine resulted in a significant drug accumulation in T98G xenograft tumours on NMRI nu/nu mice. Moreover, short-term treatment with 5 intraperitoneal Erufosine injections caused a transient decrease in the growth of T98G tumours without radiotherapy. Furthermore, an increased radiation-induced growth delay of T98G xenograft tumours was observed when fractionated irradiation was combined with short-term Erufosine-treatment. However, no beneficial drug effects on fractionated radiotherapy in terms of local tumour control were observed.

Conclusions
We conclude that short-term treatment with Erufosine is not sufficient to significantly improve local control in combination with radiotherapy in T98G glioblastoma xenograft tumours. Further studies are needed to evaluate efficacy of extended drug treatment schedules.
The clinical consequences of a pre-hospital diagnosis of stroke by the emergency medical service system. A pilot study
Authors: Wennman Ingela , Klittermark Paula , Herlitz Johan , Lernfelt Bodil , Kihlgren Mats , Gustafsson Claes , Hansson Per-Olof 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
There is still a considerable delay between the onset of symptoms and arrival at a stroke unit for most patients with acute stroke.
The aim of the study was to describe the feasibility of a pre-hospital diagnosis of stroke by an emergency medical service (EMS) nurse in terms of diagnostic accuracy and delay from dialing 112 until arrival at a stroke unit.

Methods
Between September 2008 and November 2009, a subset of patients with presumed acute stroke in the pre-hospital setting were admitted by EMS staff directly to a stroke unit, bypassing the emergency department. A control group, matched for a number of background variables, was created.

Results
In all, there were 53 patients in the direct admission group, and 49 patients in the control group. The median delay from calling for an ambulance until arrival at a stroke unit was 54 minutes in the direct admission group and 289 minutes in the control group (p < 0.0001).
In a comparison between the direct admission group and the control group, a final diagnosis of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) or the sequelae of prior stroke was found in 85% versus 90% (NS). Among stroke patients who lived at home prior to the event, the percentage of patients that were living at home after 3 months was 71% and 62% respectively (NS).

Conclusions
In a pilot study, the concept of a pre-hospital diagnosis of stroke by an EMS nurse was associated with relatively high diagnostic accuracy in terms of stroke-related diagnoses and a short delay to arrival at a stroke unit. These data need to be confirmed in larger studies, with a concomitant evaluation of the clinical consequences and, if possible, the level of patient satisfaction as well.
Physicochemical and biological factors controlling water column metabolism in Sundarbans estuary, India
Authors: Chaudhuri Kaberi , Manna Suman , Sarma Kakoli Sen , Naskar Pankaj , Bhattacharyya Somenath , Bhattacharyya Maitree 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Sundarbans is the single largest deltaic mangrove forest in the world, formed at estuarine phase of the Ganges - Brahmaputra river system. Primary productivity of marine and coastal phytoplankton contributes to 15% of global oceanic production. But unfortunately estuarine dynamics of tropical and subtropical estuaries have not yet received proper attention in spite of the fact that they experience considerable anthropogenic interventions and a baseline data is required for any future comparison. This study is an endeavor to this end to estimate the primary productivity (gross and net), community respiration and nitrification rates in different rivers and tidal creeks around Jharkhali island, a part of Sundarbans estuary surrounded by the mangrove forest during a period of three years starting from November’08 to October’11.

Results
Various physical and chemical parameters of water column like pH, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, suspended particulate matter, secchi disc index, tidal fluctuation and tidal current velocity, standing crop and nutrients were measured along with water column productivity. Relationship of net water column productivity with algal biomass (standing crop), nutrient loading and turbidity were determined experimentally. Correlations of bacterial abundance with community respiration and nitrification rates were also explored. Annual integrated phytoplankton production rate of this tidal estuary was estimated to be 151.07 gC m-2 y-1. Gross primary productivity showed marked inter annual variation being lowest in monsoon and highest in postmonsoon period.

Conclusion
Average primary production was a function of nutrient loading and light penetration in the water column. High aquatic turbidity, conductivity and suspended particulate matter were the limiting factors to attenuate light penetration with negative influence on primary production. Community respiration and nitrification rates of the estuary were influenced by the bacterial abundance. The estuary was phosphorus limited in postmonsoon whereas nitrogen-limited in premonsoon and monsoon period. High algal biomass and primary productivity indicated the estuary to be in eutrophic state in most of the time throughout the year. Our study also indicated a seasonal shifting between autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions in Sundarban estuarine ecosystem and it is a tropical, well mixed (high tidal influx) and marine dominated (no fresh water connection) system.
Surface Segregation of 1H,1H,9H-Hexadecafluorononyl Acrylate in Dimethacrylate Resin Films Cured by Exposure to Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Ito Shunya , Yun Cheol Min , Kobayashi Kei , Nakagawa Masaru 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The surface free energies of dimethacrylate resin films containing a fluorinated reactive additive, 1H,1H,9H-hexadecafluorononyl acrylate, cured by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, were investigated. Hansen’s solubility parameter was useful for choosing a base monomer suitable for the fluorinated additive, which lowered the surface free energy of the cured resin film and decreased the release energy on demolding in UV nanoimprinting.
EC-STM Investigation of Electrochemically Active 2D Adlayer Consisting of Metal Ions and a Bis(terpyridine) Derivative
Authors: Nishiyama Katsuhiko , Ono Yuta , Taniguchi Isao , Yoshimoto Soichiro 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) molecular assemblies of 4′,4′′′′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine) (PTPy) with several metal ions were investigated in 0.1 M HClO4 by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM). An STM image revealed that a disordered adlayer was deposited when iron ions were used, whereas well-ordered PTPy and gold complex adlayers were clearly observed when the electrode potential was precisely controlled. We succeeded in the direct formation of electrochemically active adlayers and the determination of the dependence of the electrocatalytic activity of O2 on the metal ion present.
A Strategy for Amorphous Arrangement of Gold Nanoparticles Using Eccentric Hybrid Particles
Authors: Ohnuma Akira , Cho Eun Chul , Ohtani Bunsho 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Herein, we report a strategy to fabricate a three-dimensional amorphous arrangement of gold nanoparticles from eccentric gold–polymer hybrid particles. The arrangement of the gold nanoparticles in the three-dimensional colloidal lattice of the hybrid particles was amorphous because of the disordered orientation of the gold nanoparticles in each polymer bead. The amorphous arrangement was different from ordinary random structures, since it had a particular short-range order. Such an amorphous arrangement should have the potential for use in a new class of functional materials.
Highly Dispersive Deposition of Pt Nanoparticles on CdS Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Sakamoto Masanori , Xiong Anke , Kanakubo Ryo , Ikeda Takahiro , Yoshinaga Taizo , Maeda Kazuhiko , Domen Kazunari , Teranishi Toshiharu 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We have succeeded in depositing monodisperse 1 nm Pt nanoparticles (NPs) on cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanostructures by employing a facile wet-chemical method. This approach is applicable for various CdS nanostructures regardless of their size, shape, and crystal structure. Moreover, photocatalytic measurements revealed that the Pt NP-deposited CdS NPs showed higher activity than those synthesized by photodeposition did. The mechanism of Pt NP deposition on CdS was investigated using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and absorption spectroscopy.
Long-range Attractive Tail of Colloidal Interaction
Authors: Sogami Ikuo S 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
To describe the rich phenomena in dilute dispersions of highly charged colloidal particles, it is necessary to modify the long-range electric part of the DLVO potential. The screened Coulombic potential of pure repulsion obtained from the Helmholtz free energy in the DLVO theory is replaced by a new screened electric potential with a long-range attractive tail derived from the generalized Gibbs free energy, which is identified with the total sum of chemical potentials.
Pinning-induced Variations of the Contact Angle of Drops on Microstructured Surfaces
Authors: Papadopoulos Periklis , Mammen Lena , Deng Xu , Vollmer Doris , Butt Hans-Jürgen 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The shape of droplets placed on a microstructured pillar surface is investigated by laser scanning confocal microscopy, LSCM. The microstructure consists of cylindrical pillars arranged in a square lattice. Using LSCM the three-dimensional shape of drops and the contact angle are imaged above and between neighboring pillars. Pinning of liquid at the three-phase contact line prevents mm-sized drops to reach their global equilibrium profile. Pinning is observed along the main and diagonal axes of the quadratically arranged pillars. If the preferred orientation of pinning changes, the contact angle can vary by almost 20° between neighboring pillars. Periodic variations of the contact angle are observed along the contact line. The contact angle is determined by the local constraints set by the Young’s equation and large scale constraints set by the Laplace pressure.
The Swelling Pressure of Na–Bentonite: Study with a Density Functional Approach
Authors: Wang Zhao , Liu Longcheng 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The combination of the fundamental measure theory (FMT) and the weighted correlation approach (WCA) within the framework of the density functional theory, i.e., the FMT/WCA approach, is applied to study the swelling pressure of Na–bentonite at different salt conditions. Good agreement between the FMT/WCA simulations and the results from both experiments and a Donnan-equilibrium-based DLVO model suggests that the hydration repulsion between charged surfaces can be well accounted by the ion–ion correlations effect.
Adsorption Behavior of Coacervates on the Human Hair Surface
Authors: Akiyama Yoko , Matsue Yukako , Kasagawa Arina , Mori Tatsuya , Nishijima Shigehiro 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The frictional feeling of human hair is an important factor in evaluation of hair care products. The microscopic interactions between human hair and shampoo components were investigated to clarify the mechanism of improvement of frictional sensation by shampoo components. By microscopic analysis and adsorption experiments, it was indicated that the polymer and the surfactant are strongly adsorbed on the cuticle even after rinsing by electrostatic interactions, depending on the kind of surfactant.
Novel Multilayer IR-786-loaded Nanocarriers for Intracellular Delivering: Characterization, Imaging, and Internalization in Human Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Bazylinska Urszula , Saczko Jolanta , Zielinska Katarzyna , Wilk Kazimiera A 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We aimed to fabricate new oil-core polyelectrolyte-shell nanocapsules loaded with IR-786 cyanine, a third generation photosensitizer, and to evaluate their biocompatibility upon different human cancer cell lines, i.e., breast (MCF-7/WT), skin melanoma (MEWO), and lung (A549). The nanocarriers were fabricated via direct layer-by-layer adsorption of polyanionic poly(l-glutamic acid) sodium salt (PGA) and polycationic poly(l-lysine) (PLL) on a positively charged nanoemulsion template stabilized by N,N-bis[3,3′-(trimethylammonio)propyl]dodecaneamide dimethylsulfate, C12(TAPAMS)2. All studied nanocapsules demonstrated good capacity for IR-786 encapsulation, cellular internalization, and low cytotoxicity.
Effects of Carbon-based Materials and Catalysts on the Hydrogen Desorption/Absorption of LiAlH4
Authors: Rangsunvigit Pramoch , Purasaka Phunsup , Chaisuwan Thanyaluck , Kitiyanan Boonyarach , Kulprathipanja Santi 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Among the tested carbons, only carbon aerogels (CAs) had significant effects on the hydrogen desorption behavior of LiAlH4. Adding 15 wt % CAs decreased the desorption temperature, while, with 5 wt % CAs, the desorption temperature was still the same. The desorption kinetics of the hydride with 15 wt % CAs, however, did not improve but adding 5 wt % CAs resulted in desorption kinetics improvement. In addition, mixing LiAlH4 with a catalyst decreased the desorption temperature and desorption kinetics of the hydride.
Physicochemical Mechanism for the Lipid Membrane Binding of Polyarginine: The Favorable Enthalpy Change with Structural Transition from Random Coil to α-Helix
Authors: Takechi Yuki , Mizuguchi Chiharu , Tanaka Masafumi , Kawakami Toru , Aimoto Saburo , Okamura Emiko , Saito Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Lipid membrane binding of polyarginine with different chain length was evaluated. From our findings, it is suggested that the secondary structural change of polyarginine from random coil to α-helix upon lipid binding facilitates insertion into lipid membrane of the polypeptide, leading to the enhanced membrane penetration of polyarginine.
Advanced Nanocarbon Materials Facilitated by Novel Stimuli-responsive Stabilizers
Authors: Texter John , Ager David , Vasantha Vivek Arjunan , Crombez Rene , England Dustin , Ma Xiumin , Maniglia Rafael , Tambe Nikhil 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes and graphene have been fully dispersed in water using novel stimuli-responsive stabilizers derived from ionic liquid-based reactive surfactants. These stabilizers include nanolatexes and a new family of triblock copolymers. Our waterborne dispersions of fully exfoliated carbon nanotubes yield templated coatings exhibiting the highest thermal conductivity of any materials made outside of a vacuum chamber. Our graphene dispersions compose a new class of rheo-optical fluids. With these graphene dispersions we demonstrate new stimuli responsively controlled coating methods.
In-vivo metabolic characterization of healthy prostate and orthotopic prostate cancer in rats using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4.7 T
Authors: Walker Paul , Provent Peggy , Tizon Xavier , Créhange Gilles , Duchamp Olivier , Brunotte François , Genne Philippe 
Published: October 2012

Background To assist the development of new anti-cancer drugs, it is important to identify biomarkers of treatment efficacy in the preclinical phases of drug development. In order to improve the predictivity of preclinical experiments, more realistic animal models are needed, for example, tumors xenografted directly on the prostate gland of rodents. Purpose To characterize the in-vivo metabolism of healthy rat prostate and of an orthotopic human prostate cancer model using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Material and Methods The highly metastatic and hormone-independent PC3-MM2 human prostate cancer model was implanted into the ventral prostate lobe of three Nude rats. Healthy Nude (n = 6) and Sprague-Dawley (n = 6) rats were also studied for interspecies comparison of normal prostate metabolism. Magnetic resonance imaging and short echo-time (TE 11.2 ms) single voxel PRESS spectroscopy were performed on dorsal (DP) and ventral (VP) prostate as well as tumor at 4.7 T. The metabolic content and volume of dorsal and ventral lobes were characterized as a function of species and age. Results Slightly lower total creatine (tCr)/water (11.3±2.6 vs. 15.3±3.0, NS), but significantly higher Inositol (Ins)/water (18.9±1.9 vs. 6.6±3.3, P < 0.003) and total choline (tCho)/water (15.0±2.1 vs. 5.6±1.1, P< 0.00007) were observed within healthy DP lobes with respect to VP lobes. No significant variation in metabolic content was seen in healthy DP and VP lobes of Nude rats as a function of age, and no species dependence was observed in their metabolic content. For the orthotopic PC3-MM2 tumor, implanted in VP, the tCr/water ratio was significantly lower (3.1±0.9) than neighboring DP (12.8±1.8, P < 0.00003) and healthy VP (15.3±3.0, P < 0.00006). For Ins, the metabolite ratio in PC3-MM2 was close to that of healthy VP (4.3±2.8 vs. 6.6±3.3, p = NS), but much lower than in neighboring DP (19.1±1.3, P < 0.00005). A similar trend was also observed for tCho, where metabolite ratios in PC3-MM2, healthy VP and neighboring DP were 3.5±0.9, 5.6±1.1, and 15.9±0.8, respectively. Conclusion The in-vivo MRS study of healthy prostate and orthotopic prostate cancer is feasible in rats. Such baseline data could be important when following the modifications in metabolism, including during anti-cancer drug development protocols or following radiotherapy.
Can Labeling and Information Policies Harm Consumers?
Authors: Lusk Jayson L. , Marette Stéphan 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Information and labeling are popular food policy instruments because of their presumed positive influence on consumer welfare. In a one-good case with unlimited attention, we show consumer welfare is always improved with the provision of accurate information. However, in a two-good case with limited attention, we show that consumer welfare is not always improved with the provision of accurate information. When attention is constrained, welfare may fall with information provision policies irrespective of their costs. The results suggest information and labeling polices may sometimes be counterproductive when attention is limited.