bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of phenotypic patterns in equine exercise‐associated myopathies
Authors: Lindsay‐McGee Victoria , Massey Claire , Li Ying Ting , Clark Emily L. , Psifidi Androniki , Piercy Richard J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEquine exercise‐associated myopathies are prevalent, clinically heterogeneous, generally idiopathic disorders characterised by episodes of myofibre damage that occur in association with exercise. Episodes are intermittent and vary within and between affected horses and across breeds. The aetiopathogenesis is often unclear; there might be multiple causes. Poor phenotypic characterisation hinders genetic and other disease analyses.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to characterise phenotypic patterns across exercise‐associated myopathies in horses.Study designHistorical cross‐sectional study, with subsequent masked case–control validation study.MethodsHistorical clinical and histological features from muscle samples (n = 109) were used for k‐means clustering and validated using principal components analysis and hierarchical clustering. For further validation, a blinded histological study (69 horses) was conducted comparing two phenotypic groups with selected controls and horses with histopathological features characterised by myofibrillar disruption.ResultsWe identified two distinct broad phenotypes: a non‐classic exercise‐associated myopathy syndrome (EAMS) subtype was associated with practitioner‐described signs of apparent muscle pain (p < 0.001), reluctance to move (10.85, p = 0.001), abnormal gait (p < 0.001), ataxia (p = 0.001) and paresis (p = 0.001); while a non‐specific classic RER subtype was not uniquely associated with any particular variables. No histological differences were identified between subtypes in the validation study, and no identifying histopathological features for other equine myopathies identified in either subtype.Main limitationsLack of an independent validation population; small sample size of smaller identified subtypes; lack of positive control myofibrillar myopathy cases; case descriptions derived from multiple independent and unblinded practitioners.ConclusionsThis is the first study using computational clustering methods to identify phenotypic patterns in equine exercise‐associated myopathies, and suggests that differences in patterns of presenting clinical signs support multiple disease subtypes, with EAMS a novel subtype not previously described. Routine muscle histopathology was not helpful in sub‐categorising the phenotypes in our population.
Collaborative research enhances selectivity in a lake fishery
Authors: Sandström Alfred , Norrgård Johnny , Axenrot Thomas , Ragnarsson‐Stabo Henrik , Setzer Malin , Jonsson Tomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSize and species selectivity are crucial for developing sustainable fisheries. Our objective was to estimate the selectivity of whitefish fisheries in a large European lake through a collaboration of fishers, regional managers, and scientists. Fishers were given special permits to test, within a common framework and together with scientists, selectivity enhancement strategies adapted to their own experiences. Fishers and scientists jointly tested gillnets and pontoon traps and how fishing depth, soak time, fishing season, and mesh size were affected by bycatches of undersized fish of sensitive species. Results indicated that the selectivity of the fishery could be increased, particularly by targeting whitefish adjacent to spawning sites where spatiotemporal overlap with bycatch species was lower. Proposed changes to the fishery, such as new gear, would be costly initially but could become profitable over time due to a lower cost of handling bycatch. Our findings demonstrated that co‐constructed knowledge can contribute to the governance of aquatic resources.
Changes in productivity partitioning induced by precipitation extremes increase inaccuracy of grassland carbon estimation
Authors: Sun Jiamei , Yan Yue , Zhang Bin , Liu Wei , Dou Shande , Wang Xiaoliang , Huang Jianhui , Chen Dima , Wang Changhui , Han Xingguo , Pan Qingmin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe fraction of net primary productivity (NPP) allocated to belowground organs (fBNPP) in grasslands is a critical parameter in global carbon cycle models; moreover, understanding the effect of precipitation changes on this parameter is vital to accurately estimating carbon sequestration in grassland ecosystems. However, how fBNPP responds to temporal precipitation changes along a gradient from extreme drought to extreme wetness, remains unclear, mainly due to the lack of long‐term data of belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) and the fact that most precipitation experiments did not have a gradient from extreme drought to extreme wetness. Here, by conducting both a precipitation gradient experiment (100–500 mm) and a long‐term observational study (34 years) in the Inner Mongolia grassland, we showed that fBNPP decreased linearly along the precipitation gradient from extreme drought to extreme wetness due to stronger responses in aboveground NPP to drought and wet conditions than those of BNPP. Our further meta‐analysis in grasslands worldwide also indicated that fBNPP increased when precipitation decreased, and the vice versa. Such a consistent pattern of fBNPP response suggests that plants increase the belowground allocation with decreasing precipitation, while increase the aboveground allocation with increasing precipitation. Thus, the linearly decreasing response pattern in fBNPP should be incorporated into models that forecast carbon sequestration in grassland ecosystems; failure to do so will lead to underestimation of the carbon stock in drought years and overestimation of the carbon stock in wet years in grasslands.
Profiles of healthcare use of persons living with dementia: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Dufour Isabelle , Margo‐Dermer Eva , Hudon Catherine , Sirois Caroline , Godard‐Sebillotte Claire , Sourial Nadia , Rochette Louis , Quesnel‐Vallée Amélie , Vedel Isabelle 
Published: July 2024

AimPersons living with dementia are a heterogeneous population with complex needs whose healthcare use varies widely. This study aimed to identify the healthcare use profiles in a cohort of persons with incident dementia, and to describe their characteristics.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of health administrative data in Quebec (Canada). The study population included persons who: (i) had an incident dementia diagnosis between 1 April 2015 and 31 March 2016; (ii) were aged ≥65 years and living in the community at the time of diagnosis. We carried out a latent class analysis to identify subgroups of healthcare users. The final number of groups was chosen based on clinical interpretation and statistical indicators.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 15 584 individuals with incident dementia. Four profiles of healthcare users were identified: (i) Low Users (36.4%), composed of individuals with minimal healthcare use and fewer comorbidities; (ii) Ambulatory Care‐Centric Users (27.5%), mainly composed of men with the highest probability of visiting cognition specialists; (iii) High Acute Hospital Users (23.6%), comprised of individuals mainly diagnosed during hospitalization, with higher comorbidities and mortality rate; and (iv) Long‐Term Care Destined Users (12.5%), who showed the highest proportion of antipsychotics prescriptions and delayed hospitalization discharge.ConclusionsWe identified four distinct subgroups of healthcare users within a population of persons living with dementia, providing a valuable context for the development of interventions tailored to specific needs within this diverse population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 789–796.
HEALTH, HEALTH INSURANCE, AND INEQUALITY
Authors: Chen Chaoran , Feng Zhigang , Gu Jiaying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article identifies a “health premium” of insurance coverage: insured individuals are more likely to maintain good health or recover from poor health. We introduce this feature into a prototypical macrohealth model and estimate the baseline economy by matching the observed joint distribution of health insurance, health, and income over the life cycle. Quantitative analysis reveals that an individual's insurance status has a substantial and persistent impact on health. Providing universal health coverage would narrow health and life expectancy gaps, with a mixed effect on the income distribution in the absence of any additional redistribution of income or wealth.
Japanese EFL learners’ comprehension and perceptions of three different accents in listening assessment
Authors: Suzuki Ryuichi , Yamane Shigeru 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding a single English accent is becoming insufficient for English language learners because they are likely to encounter both first (L1) and second‐language (L2) speakers of English in various contexts. Hence, different English accents have been incorporated into the recordings used for L2 language assessments, specifically listening comprehension (LC) tests. However, the efficacy of tests using various English accents is not definitively established in the English as a foreign language (EFL) literature. Furthermore, there has been limited investigation specifically into how learners perceive the level of difficulty in comprehending various accents during listening assessments. Therefore, this study examined how the LC scores and comprehensibility ratings (ease of understanding) differed depending on accents. Seventy‐nine Japanese adult EFL learners took a multiple‐choice question‐type LC test featuring three different English accents (i.e., American, British, and Japanese) and then rated how difficult it was to understand each accent. The findings showed that, although the LC test scores did not differ significantly by accent, the participants perceived the British and Japanese accents as more difficult to understand than the American accent. The results imply that while sharing L1 with the speakers and familiarity with a certain accent may not affect speech comprehension, greater familiarity with a given accent can ease comprehension. The findings thus can shed light on the inclusion of a variety of accented speech in language tests and pedagogical instruction.
The relationship between self‐compassion and caring behaviour in nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Özparlak Arif , Karakaya Dudu , Kara Hilal , Çelik Esra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the relationship between self‐compassion and caring behaviour in nurses.BackgroundSelf‐compassion can influence nurses’ ability to cope with stress and their job performance. High levels of self‐compassion may play a role in nurses’ coping with compassion fatigue and burnout. This may make the concept of self‐compassion in nurses an important variable for effective care.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study. Study data were collected between March and May 2022 from 331 nurses at a hospital in the city of Antalya, Turkey. A personal information form, the Self‐Compassion Scale (SCS), and the Caring Behaviour Inventory‐24 (CBI‐24) were used to collect data, and the program SPSS 23.0 was used in data evaluation. Descriptive statistical methods, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used in the analysis of data. The STROBE checklist was followed for this cross‐sectional study.ResultsThe nurses’ mean scores were 3.50 ± 0.61 on SCS and 5.21 ± 0.56 on CBI‐24. A positive correlation was found between the nurses’ self‐compassion levels and caring behaviour. Also, the SCS sub‐dimension of mindfulness, working in intensive care and working willingly in the nursing profession significantly predicted caring behaviour. These variables explain 19.4% of the variance of caring behaviour.ConclusionsThe nurses’ self‐compassion levels were medium and their caring behaviour was at a high level, and caring behaviour was higher in those who worked in intensive care, those who were working willingly in the nursing profession, and in those with high scores on the self‐compassion sub‐dimension of mindfulness.Implications for nursing and health policyIt is important to strengthen nurses’ self‐compassion skills to develop their caring behaviour. In particular, giving nurses in clinics mindfulness‐based education will help them to increase their awareness concerning their own lives and to develop their caring behaviour.
Performance and detection range of acoustic receivers in mangrove habitats
Authors: Kanno Shiori , Heupel Michelle R. , Hoel Kristin , Schlaff Audrey , Siddiqi Aliya , Simpfendorfer Colin A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAcoustic telemetry has been used to monitor the movement of aquatic animals in a broad range of aquatic environments. Despite their importance, mangrove habitats are understudied for the spatial ecology of elasmobranchs, with acoustic telemetry rarely used inside mangrove habitats. One reason for this may be a general assumption that acoustic signals would not be able to be detected by receivers in such shallow, structurally complex, environments. This study tested whether acoustic receivers can be used inside mangrove habitats to track the movement of sharks and rays. Thirty‐eight receivers were deployed in a mangrove system in Pioneer Bay, Orpheus Island, Great Barrier Reef, including inside mangroves, mangrove edges, and adjacent reef flat areas. The detection range and receiver performance metrics, such as code detection efficiency, rejection coefficient, and noise quotient, were examined and tested among habitats. The results highlighted that the signal from transmitters was successfully detected inside mangrove habitats as well as on the adjacent reef flat. The range to detect at least 50% of transmissions was up to 20 m inside mangroves and up to 120 m outside mangroves. The performance metrics of acoustic receivers inside the mangrove habitat were characterized by low background noise, low rejection rates, and reasonably high code detection efficiency. Furthermore, this study tested the application of this method on juvenile blacktip reef shark Carcharhinus melanopterus and mangrove whipray Urogymnus granulatus, and demonstrated that it can be used to successfully track animals inside mangrove habitat. This novel method could reveal further information on how sharks and rays use mangrove habitats.
Integrated approach of ultrasound with mild heat treatment on the quality characteristics of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) tuber juice
Authors: Das Puja , Nayak Prakash Kumar , Kesavan Radha krishnan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe research delved into the ascendancy of thermosonication (TS) on elevating the alimentary components of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) tuber juice, derived from the yacon plant. This investigation introduces an innovative approach utilizing artificial neural networks (ANNs) coupled with genetic algorithm (GA) for the multifaceted optimization of extraction procedures. It aims to pinpoint the most effective processing parameters for TS, including variations in amplitudes: X1 (40, 50, and 60%) and temperatures: X2 (30, 40, and 50°C) over sonication times: X3 (15, 30, 45, and 60 min). Further, the approach is focused to amplify quality of yacon juice (YJ) and microbial attributes by enhancing certain quality characteristics such as anti‐oxidant activity (AOA), ascorbic acid (AA), total phenolic content (TPC), total carotenoid content (TCC), total flavonoid content (TFC), yeast and mold count (YMC) and total viable count (TVC). The maximum levels of AOA (33.73 ± 2.21%), AA (25.82 ± 2.03 mg/100 ml), TPC (85.08 ± 3.67 mg GAE/ml), TCC (115.82 ± 2.46 βCE μg/ml), TFC (22.52 ± 2.11 mg QE/ml), TVC, and YMC (not detected) were achieved in thermosonicated YJs under optimal conditions using ANN coupled with GA.Practical ApplicationsYacon tuber juice (YJ) treated with thermosonication (TS) showed improved nutritional characteristics, making them a valuable source of functional compounds for nutraceuticals and food industries. Research emphasizes the effectiveness of artificial neural network in predicting the extraction efficiency of YJ and proposes TS as a potential replacement for traditional thermal pasteurization to maintain or enhance YJ quality and functionality. TS provides cost‐effective and sustainable solutions to the food industry by reducing processing time and energy consumption when compared to pasteurization.
Shock‐induced pervasive remelting of Fe sulfides in the basaltic shergottite Northwest Africa 14672: A benchmark for shock stages S6/S7 on Mars
Authors: Lorand Jean‐Pierre , Pont Sylvain , Hewins Roger H. , Zanda Brigitte 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNorthwest Africa (NWA) 14672, the most highly shocked Martian meteorite so far, has experienced >50% melting, compatible with peak pressure >~65 Gpa, at a transition stage 6/7. Despite these extreme shock conditions, the meteorite still preserves a population of “large” Fe sulfide blebs from the pre‐shock igneous assemblage. These primary blebs preserve characteristics of basaltic shergottites in term of modal abundance, preferential occurrence in interstitial pores along with late‐crystallized phases (ilmenite, merrillite), and Ni‐free pyrrhotite compositions. Primary sulfides underwent widespread shock‐induced remelting, as indicated by perfect spherical morphologies when embedded in fine‐grained silicate melt zones and a wealth of mineral/glass/vesicle inclusions. Extensive melting of Fe‐sulfides is consistent with the decompression path experienced by NWA 14672 after the peak shock pressure at ~70 GPa. Primary sulfides acted as preferential sites for nucleation of vesicles of all sizes which helped sulfur degassing during decompression, leading to partial resorption of Fe‐sulfide blebs and reequilibration of pyrrhotite metal/sulfur ratios (0.96–0.98) toward the low oxygen fugacity conditions indicated by Fe‐Ti oxides hosted in fine‐grained materials. The extreme shock intensity also provided suitable conditions for widespread in situ redistribution of igneous sulfur as micrometric globules concentrated in glassy portions of fine‐grained lithologies. These globules exsolved early on quenching, allowing dendritic skeletal Fe‐Ti oxide overgrowths to nucleate on sulfides.
Adjunctive left atrial posterior wall isolation for atrial fibrillation: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Elaraby Ahmed , Almaadawy Omar , Abuelazm Mohamed , Hassan Abdul Rhman , Bakr Ali , Husain Muhammad Ashraf , Elsayed Hesham , Abdelazeem Basel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivePosterior left atrial wall isolation (PWI) plus traditional pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has been proposed as a promising intervention to decrease atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence. We aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of adding PWI to the traditional PVI in patients with AF.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted using synthesizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) retrieved by systematically searching PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Cochrane through June 14, 2023. We used Stata version 17 to pool dichotomous data using risk ratio (RR) and continuous data using mean difference (MD), with a 95% confidence interval (CI) (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023446227).ResultsWe included 11 RCTs with a total number of 1534 patients. Combined ablation with PWI + PVI was not associated with any significant difference over PVI only regarding the recurrence of clinical AF (RR: 0.86 with 95% CI [0.70–1.06]), all atrial arrhythmia (RR: 0.93 with 95% CI [0.82–1.07]), nonatrial fibrillation arrhythmia (RR: 1.22 with 95% CI [0.97–1.53]), early AF (RR: 0.89 with 95% CI [0.62–1.27]), and antiarrhythmic drugs at discharge (RR: 0.83 with 95% CI [0.67–1.04]). However, it was associated with increased total ablation duration (minutes) (MD: 12.58 with 95% CI [6.80–18.37]) and total procedure duration (minutes) (MD: 16.77 with 95% CI [9.63–23.91]), without any significant difference regarding adverse events (RR: 1.05 with 95% CI [0.63–1.74]).ConclusionWhile the pooled data from PWI + PVI using point‐by‐point radiofrequency did not suggest a benefit in the recurrence of various atrial arrhythmias compared to PVI alone, PWI+PVI using direct posterior wall ablation, especially with cryoballoon, demonstrated a significant reduction in recurrence of AF/atrial arrhythmias. Also, PWI + PVI significantly increased the ablation and total procedure durations.
Aveir VR, retrievable leadless pacing in the young
Authors: Wong Ashley , Yeh Jay , Davidson Stacy , Sunderji Sherzana , Dayan Jonathan , Cortez Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionSuccessful implantations of the Aveir VR, have been effectively demonstrated in adults; however, there remain limited reports supporting safe and feasible implantation of the Aveir VR in the young population.MethodsRetrospective, observational study of Aveir VR implantation of young patients (≦21 years old) at UC Davis Medical Center from November 2022 to January 2024 via the internal jugular or femoral vein implantation approaches. Indications for pacing, patient demographics, pacing thresholds and longevity were reported at the time of implantation and last follow‐up.ResultsA total of 10 patients received the Aveir VR with a median age of years (IQR 12.5–17) and median weight of 50.8 kg (IQR 44.6–60.9) kg. The majority were male (80%). Aveir VR leadless pacemaker occurred via internal jugular venous (90%) or femoral venous (10%) approaches. Indications for placement were intermittent complete heart block (60%) and sinus pauses (40%). Adequate impedance, sensing and thresholds were maintained from implantation to a median follow‐up of 9 months. Predicted pacemaker longevity at follow‐up median was 23.8 years. There were no complications in any of the 10 patients.ConclusionAveir VR implantation via the internal jugular and femoral veins is feasible in the young patient population with stable pacing parameters at follow‐up.
Fine‐tuning the N‐glycosylation of recombinant human erythropoietin using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants
Authors: Leprovost S. , Plasson C. , Balieu J. , Walet‐Balieu M‐L. , Lerouge P. , Bardor M. , Mathieu‐Rivet E. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryMicroalgae are considered as attractive expression systems for the production of biologics. As photosynthetic unicellular organisms, they do not require costly and complex media for growing and are able to secrete proteins and perform protein glycosylation. Some biologics have been successfully produced in the green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. However, post‐translational modifications like glycosylation of these Chlamydomonas‐made biologics have poorly been investigated so far. Therefore, in this study, we report on the first structural investigation of glycans linked to human erythropoietin (hEPO) expressed in a wild‐type C. reinhardtii strain and mutants impaired in key Golgi glycosyltransferases. The glycoproteomic analysis of recombinant hEPO (rhEPO) expressed in the wild‐type strain demonstrated that the three N‐glycosylation sites are 100% glycosylated with mature N‐glycans containing four to five mannose residues and carrying core xylose, core fucose and O‐methyl groups. Moreover, expression in C. reinhardtii insertional mutants defective in xylosyltransferases A and B and fucosyltransferase resulted in drastic decreases of core xylosylation and core fucosylation of glycans N‐linked to the rhEPOs, thus demonstrating that this strategy offers perspectives for humanizing the N‐glycosylation of the Chlamydomonas‐made biologics.