bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The shadows of quintessence non-singular black hole
Authors: Li Hui-Ling , Zhang Miao , Huang Yu-Meng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn 2022, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration has reported the first observations of Sagittarius A*(SgrA*). Applying the EHT observational results, we find out constraints on non-singular Hayward parameter of regular dark energy black hole. Considering these constraints and different thin disk accretion, we present a detailed investigation into influence of different dark energy and Hayward parameters on shadows from non-singular Hayward black holes. In the first second-order attenuation function model, corresponding shadow radius and peak for observed intensity from direct image decrease with increasing dark energy parameter and Hayward parameter. However, for the lensing ring and photon ring, corresponding peak become bigger as dark energy parameter increase in case of fixed Hayward parameter. In the second third-order attenuation function model, significantly different from model 1, above two rings completely overlay on the direct image, resulting in two distinct peaks in the observed intensity. As increase of Hayward and dark energy parameters, the difference between the two peaks decreases, and shadows and observed intensity decrease. In the final inverse trigonometric function attenuation model, the result shows corresponding lensing ring as well as photon ring can be distinguished within the superposition region, and the superposition region becomes larger. With the increase of the dark energy parameter, the shadow radius exhibits a decreasing trend, while observed intensity increases. However, with the increase of the Hayward parameter, both decreases. Compared with the first two models, the shadow radius becomes smaller, but the observed intensity becomes larger, making the bright ring wider and brighter. Therefore, different accretion models and non-singular Hayward parameters can give rise to interesting and distinguish characteristic for the black hole shadow and rings.
Impact of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy on Tuberculosis Incidence and Predictors of Tuberculosis Among People Living With HIV/AIDS at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Nigussie Kedir , Gebeye Ejigu , Kifle Zemene Demelash , Tadesse Tesfaye Yimer , Birarra Mequanent Kassa 
Published: August 2024

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) to decrease the effects of tuberculosis (TB) on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. However, not enough research has been conducted to determine the impact of IPT on TB incidence and their predictors. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate how IPT affects the incidence of TB and identify factors that are predictive of TB among HIV/AIDS patients.Methods: A total of 588 patients at Debre Tabor General Hospital (DTGH) who had taken IPT between December 2009 and January 2016 participated in the current study, which then followed them for 3 years and compared them to patients who did not receive IPT during the study period. The data were gathered from patient registries and charts. IPT users’ and nonusers’ TB‐free survival curves were compared using log‐rank testing. Predictors were identified using bivariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.Results: In this study, 1656 person‐years (PYs) follow‐ups on 588 patients found 82 additional TB cases, with an overall incidence rate (IR) of 4.95/100 PY. When compared to individuals who were not on IPT, the TB IR among patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) on IPT was significantly lower (1.94/100 PY vs. 8.32/100 PY). A baseline CD4 cell count < 200 cells/uL, history of TB, Hgb level < 10 g/dL, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, and not receiving IPT are independent predictors of TB among HIV/AIDS patients.Conclusion: The frequency of TB was high among PLHIV patients who did not receive IPT. It was discovered that a low CD4 cell count at baseline, a history of TB, IPT status, Hgb level, and BMI independently predicted the presence of TB. Therefore, addressing the independent predictors that are connected to a higher risk of TB in PLHIV as well as isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis has a significant impact on reducing the incidence of TB.
The World as Image and the Image of the World: Photographing Google Street View
Authors: Schellini Marcelo , Eskinazi Lucas 
Published: August 2024

Este ensayo se centra en obras de arte creadas mediante la reproducción y apropiación de imágenes disponibles en la interfaz de GSV. Reflejo de la creciente proliferación de imágenes producidas por cámaras automáticas, independientemente de la percepción y la cognición humanas, estas obras provocan una reconsideración del acto fotográfico, del papel del artista como comentador y curador de imágenes, la sublimación de la autoría y la ontología de la imagen fotográfica. El hecho de que de que tales obras de arte sean creadas extrayendo imágenes de la interfaz GSV puede ser interpretado como una implicación de su redundancia visual. Este artículo defiende, por el contrario, que las obras fotográficas en cuestión implican técnicas creativas y modos de apropiación estética específicos.
Prognostic Value of Resting Left Ventricular Sphericity Indexes in Coronary Artery Disease With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Wu Ping , Zhao Yuting , Guo Xiaoshan , Liu Xia , Hu Yingqi , Xiao Yuxin , Xu Li , Huang Nan , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Yanhui , Ren Tailin , Wu Qiuyan , Wang Ruonan , Zhang Xiaoli , Wu Zhifang , Li Sijin 
Published: August 2024

Background
Adverse left ventricular remodeling is a significant cardiovascular predictor for patients with coronary artery disease and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, the remodeling indexes reflecting left ventricular spherization by myocardial perfusion imaging are underexplored.

Methods and Results

727 patients (mean age 59.8±13.5 years, 329 women) diagnosed or suspected coronary artery disease with preserved LVEF who underwent resting myocardial perfusion imaging were retrospectively enrolled. The myocardial perfusion imaging findings including the total perfusion deficit and sphericity indexes (shape index (SI) and eccentricity index (EI) obtained from gated (QGS) and non‐gated (QPS) images) were collected. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were followed up for 45.1±22.0 months. All patients were divided into 4 subgroups based on total perfusion deficit at 10% and LVEF at 65%. Univariable comparative analyses were performed in 5 cohorts (all patients and 4 subgroups). Patients who experienced MACE displayed higher SI and/or lower EI (all
P
<0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival analyses suggested significant differences for SI
QPS
in all 5 cohorts, for EI
QPS
and EI
QGS
in 4 cohorts, and for end‐systolic and end‐diastolic SI
QGS
in 3 cohorts (all
P
<0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that abnormal SI and EI remained statistically significant predictors for MACE after adjusting for total perfusion deficit, LVEF, and other confounding factors.

Conclusions

For patients diagnosed or suspected of coronary artery disease with preserved or supra‐normal LVEF, resting sphericity indexes by myocardial perfusion imaging displayed incremental long‐term prognostic value. Among these indicators, SI
QPS
is particularly promising across different perfusion or preserved functional conditions.
Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Holmgren Arvid , Giang Kok Wai , Fedchenko Maria , Eriksson Peter , Dellborg Mikael , Mandalenakis Zacharias 
Published: August 2024

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), but little is known about the risk for ischemic stroke among younger patients with CHD (aged <65 years) with AF.

Methods and Results
Using data from the National Swedish Patient Register and Cause of Death Register, we identified all patients with both CHD and AF born in Sweden between 1970 and 2017. The Swedish total population register was used to identify age‐ and sex‐matched patients without CHD; those with AF were used as controls. Bottos hierarchical classification was used to define CHD as either complex or noncomplex. Controls were followed from the onset of AF until the index ischemic stroke, death, or end of study (December 31, 2017). We identified 951 patients with CHD with AF and 606 controls with AF. Among patients with both CHD and AF, 2.9% of patients (n=28) developed ischemic stroke, compared with 0.5% (n=3) in controls. When adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, and heart failure, a hazard ratio (HR) of 5.16 (95% CI, 1.52–17.46) was acquired. The HR in noncomplex CHD was 3.84 (95% CI, 1.07–13.84), and the HR in complex CHD was 8.34 (95% CI, 2.27–30.57). For patients born in 1970 to 1989, the HR in ischemic stroke was 7.35 (95% CI, 1.70–31.75). No adjusted HR for patients with CHD born in 1990 to 2017 could be acquired due to few events.

Conclusions
The risk for ischemic stroke may be 5 times higher in patients with both CHD and AF compared with patients without CHD with AF. However, larger studies may be needed to confirm/refute these results.
Relation of Cognitive Reserve Indicator to Heart Disease and Cardiac Structure and Function: A Large Community‐Based Longitudinal Study
Authors: Li Xuerui , Yang Wenzhe , Miao Yuyang , Dove Abigail , Wang Jiao , Du Tingting , Fang Zhongze , Xu Weili , Zhang Qiang 
Published: August 2024

Background
High cognitive reserve (CR) has been related to lower dementia risk, but its association with heart disease (HD) is unknown. We aimed to explore the relation of CR to HD and cardiac structure and function.

Methods and Results
Within the UK Biobank, 349 907 HD‐free participants were followed up. A composite CR indicator involving education/occupation attainment/television viewing time/confiding frequency/social connection frequency/variety of leisure activities was generated, and further categorized into low/moderate/high levels. Incident HD, including coronary HD, cardiac arrhythmia, and heart failure, was ascertained on the basis of medical records. During the follow‐up, a subsample (n=31 182) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to assess ventricular structure and function. Data were analyzed using Cox regression, Laplace regression, and linear regression. Compared with low CR, the hazard ratio and 95% CI of any HD for high CR was 0.78 (0.75–0.80) (including 0.68 [0.66–0.71] for coronary HD, 0.91 [0.87–0.95] for cardiac arrhythmia, and 0.63 [0.58–0.68] for heart failure). Furthermore, high CR was associated with delayed HD onset by 1.59 (95% CI, 1.37–1.82) years compared with low CR. In cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data analysis, compared with low CR, high CR was associated with larger left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (β, 0.13 [95% CI, 0.09–0.17]), left ventricular end‐systolic volume (β, 0.05 [95% CI, 0.01–0.10]), left ventricular stroke volume (β, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.12–0.21]), and left ventricular ejection fraction (β, 0.08 [95% CI, 0.03–0.13]).

Conclusions
High CR is associated with favorable HD health. Our findings suggest that the beneficial effect of CR is not limited to dementia but also HD.
Incidence and Predictors of Stroke in Australian Adults With Congenital Heart Disease (2000–2017)
Authors: Sodhi‐Berry Nita , Burchill Luke J. , Kleinig Timothy J. , Nedkoff Lee , Katzenellenbogen Judith M. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at increased risk of stroke but high‐quality population level data on stroke incidence in these patients are scant.

Methods and Results

A retrospective whole‐population Western Australian cohort of adult patients with CHD aged 18 to 64 years was created and followed from January 2000 to December 2017 using linked hospital data. Stroke incidence rates within the adult cohort with CHD were calculated and compared with the general population via direct standardization. A nested case–control design assessed predictors of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke within the cohort. Among 7916 adults with CHD, 249 (3.1%) incident strokes occurred at a median age of 47 years; 186 (2.3%) ischemic, 33 (0.4%) hemorrhagic and 30 (0.4%) unspecified strokes. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke incidence was, respectively, 9 and 3 times higher in adults with CHD than the general population. Absolute risk was low with annual rates of 0.26% (ischemic) and 0.05% (hemorrhagic). Highest rates were observed in adults with shunt and left‐sided lesions. Predictors of ischemic stroke in adults with CHD included recent cardiac surgery, left‐sided valve repair/replacements, shunt lesions, and traditional risk factors (hypertension, infective endocarditis, peripheral vascular disease, and tobacco use). Mental health disorders and increasing Charlson's comorbidity scores were strongly associated with higher risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The CHA
2
DS
2
VASc score was associated with ischemic stroke incidence.

Conclusions
This study provides the first population‐based stroke incidence estimates for adults with CHD in Australia, showing elevated stroke risk across different CHD lesions. It highlights the potential clinical importance of managing comorbidities, especially mental health.
Bucking the Trend: Civil Society and the Strengthening of Environmental Rights in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Stevenson Hayley 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In 2021, environmental procedural rights were strengthened in Latin America and the Caribbean when the legally binding Escazu Agreement came into force. This new treaty seeks to implement Principle 10 of the 1992 Rio Declaration, which promotes access to information, participation, and justice in environmental matters. The treaty is empirically and theoretically surprising: it bucks the growing trend of informalization in regional and international cooperation and is more highly legalized than institutional design theory would predict. Applying an interpretivist logic of inquiry and drawing on interviews with twenty-three participants in the negotiations, I argue that this outcome can be explained by an alignment of structural conditions that facilitated an alliance between ambitious state and nonstate actors and enabled their influence throughout negotiations. Applying theories of political opportunities and mobilization structures, I show how a network created by the World Resources Institute influenced the agreement’s design and helped secure a high degree of obligation and precision in Latin America’s first environmental treaty.
Positive Complementarity in Action: International Criminal Justice and the Ongoing Armed Conflict in Ukraine
Authors: Anosova Iuliia , Aksamitowska Karolina , Sancin Vasilka 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Complementarity has been traditionally understood in a twofold manner. On the one hand, the principle of complementarity explicates the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. On the other hand, it has been conceptualised as the broader principle that governs the functioning of the international criminal justice system built after the entry into force of the Rome Statute. Understood in this sense, complementarity outlines the interplay between different (domestic and international) accountability actors, including national authorities and civil society. This article explores the ways in which the principle of complementarity has been operationalised in Ukraine since 2014, in an attempt to highlight the challenges faced by domestic and international justice actors in the situation of atrocities being committed in an ongoing armed conflict. It puts forward an argument that ad hoc responses introduced in cooperation and coordination with local and international partners—including the civil society—have been prioritised over permanent legislative solutions. These ad hoc responses have the potential to influence the expansion of the complementarity architecture, shape the coordinated accountability approaches and advance positive complementarity for core international crimes in ongoing armed conflicts.
Private legal practice and public authority in early Venetian Ithaca: thirteen new notarial documents (1575–1599)
Authors: Nikias K. 
Published: August 2024

Summary
The Greek notarial documents produced in the centuries after the fall of Byzantine rule are important sources for retracing the development of private legal practices under the influence of the different administrative and legal orders which came to rule the Greek-speaking territories. In the vast areas which came under Venetian control, the system of private transactions was conditioned by a tension between the widespread practice of notaries operating as private professionals during the Byzantine period, and the intervention of Venetian administrators who sought to regulate notaries as public officers. This article considers this tension in an understudied peripheral context, the small island of Ithaca in the period of early Venetian rule, through an analysis of thirteen new Greek notarial sources from 1575–1599 which are presented here in a critical edition. Owing to the small size of the Ithacan economy and the informality of the island’s administration during the sixteenth century, private transactions were executed mainly by independent scribes, priests, and in some cases by public notaries from neighbouring Cephalonia. This was gradually changed by successive regulatory interventions by the Venetians which formalised administrative structures on Ithaca, traced here through several unpublished sources from the local archives, in addition to documents from Cephalonia and Venice. These reforms led to the establishment of a system of publicly appointed and supervised notaries on Ithaca in the early seventeenth century, putting the freer practice of the earlier period under the closer control of the public administration and bringing Ithaca into line with practices in the larger Venetian possessions.
A Surrealist with a Gun
Authors: Lovitt Sean 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Allen Van Newkirk sought to revitalize the surrealists’ project of transforming everyday life with practices inspired by the series of riots that swept across the United States in the 1960s. Although largely forgotten, Van Newkirk was once a key figure in the underground press, helping to shape the counterculture’s understanding of surrealism’s relationship to contemporary social movements. This article draws on archival research and interviews with Van Newkirk’s collaborators in order to reconstruct his surrealist life. His direct-action approach to surrealism is examined through a close reading of his best-known act, the mock assassination of the poet Kenneth Koch. This provocative action, organized with the anarchist group Black Mask, exemplifies their combined attempt to extricate surrealism from its legacy in the art world and wield it as an insurrectionary weapon. Riot-inspired actions like this one led Van Newkirk to develop a concept of poetry that was identical to revolution.
“Poetic Insubordination”
Authors: Löwy Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Surrealist movement in Paris has kept alive, since the early 1970s, the red and black flame of rebellion, the antiauthoritarian dream of radical freedom, the poetical insubordination to the powers that be, and the obstinate desire to reenchant the world. Unfortunately, most academic or mainstream accounts of surrealism take it for granted that the group dissolved itself in 1969. It is quite strange that this attitude persisted despite the very visible presence of the surrealist movement in Paris after 1970. Historians have been trying to decree the end of surrealism for years. For most of them, surrealism was nothing else than one of the innumerous artistic vanguards, such as Cubism or Futurism.
MJO Diversity in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Back Seung-Yoon , Kim Daehyun , Son Seok-Woo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that individual Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) events can be categorized into four types based on their propagation characteristics: standing, jumping, slow-propagating, and fast-propagating MJOs. While their structures and impacts are well documented in observations, their representation in state-of-the-art climate models has not been investigated. This study evaluates the four types of MJOs in phase 6 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) models. While most models show reasonable MJO propagation characteristics, their performance varies among MJO types, with better performance for the propagating MJO types. To identify the factors that drive each MJO type, background conditions at the surface, troposphere, and stratosphere are examined. We found that the standing and fast MJOs are closely associated with sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitable water (PW) distributions. Specifically, negative and positive SST and PW anomalies are observed over the equatorial Pacific during the standing and fast-propagating MJOs, respectively. In contrast, the jumping and slow-propagating MJOs do not show noticeable SST and PW distributions, suggesting that they may be more strongly influenced by the internal dynamics than by the background conditions. It is further found that the models with more frequent standing MJO than fast MJO generally have stronger negative biases in both SST and PW over the equatorial western Pacific. Although the standing MJO is also preferred when the stratospheric wind at 50 hPa is westerly, such a relationship is absent in the models. These results suggest that MJO diversity in climate models could be improved by better simulation of the mean state, especially for the standing and fast-propagating MJOs.
Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue Bias Degrades Simulation of ENSO Asymmetry due to Underestimation of Strong Eastern Pacific El Niños
Authors: Bayr Tobias , Lübbecke Joke F. , Vialard Jérôme , Latif Mojib 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibits a considerable asymmetry in sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTa), as El Niño events tend to be stronger and centered further east than La Niña events. Here, we analyze ENSO asymmetry in observations and preindustrial control integrations of 32 models participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Observations indicate a significant link between strong eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events and the ENSO amplitude and asymmetry. The large CMIP6 database confirms this strong link. Most CMIP6 models suffer from an equatorial Pacific cold SST bias. This cold tongue bias hinders the southward migration of the ITCZ toward the equator over the eastern equatorial Pacific, which is characteristic of strong EP El Niño events in observations. Therefore, many models underestimate the eastern equatorial Pacific rainfall anomalies and simulate a wind stress feedback over the western Pacific that is too weak and too far west. As a result, the cold tongue bias exerts a strong control on the climate models’ ability to generate strong EP El Niño events and therefore on the ENSO overall amplitude and asymmetry. We discuss the relevance of these results in view of a potential increase of strong EP El Niño events under global warming.

Significance Statement
El Niño and La Niña are asymmetric, as El Niño events tend to be stronger and further east than La Niña events. Due to an equatorial Pacific cold tongue bias with too cold SSTs, the simulation of ENSO asymmetry is degraded in many climate models participating in CMIP6. Here, we show how the cold tongue bias influences ENSO asymmetry. The cold bias hampers the simulation of strong eastern Pacific El Niños by making it more difficult for SST to exceed the threshold for deep atmospheric convection over the eastern equatorial Pacific. Recent research indicates that climate models with a realistic ENSO asymmetry agree on the projected ENSO under global warming. The results of this study suggest that reducing the cold tongue bias has the potential to enhancing the reliability of future ENSO projections.