bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding Common Ground: Shared Benefits of the PMI PMBOK and the INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook
Authors: Luckay Ryan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe evidence for the need to have further collaboration between systems engineering (SE) and project management (PM) is all around us: in the rampant overruns in our technology projects, in the increased internal organizational friction, in the clinging to archaic technologies for fear of what may come next. This paper investigates two leading guides for these organizations: the INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook (SE) Handbook and the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). Research indicates three areas for collaboration that might benefit integrating the two: defining tasks, integrated risk management, and stakeholder management.
Accelerating MBSE Impacts Across the Enterprise: Model‐Based S*Patterns
Authors: Schindel William D. , Lewis Stephen A. , Sherey Jason J. , Sanyal Saumya K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractModel‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) methods can directly address “silos” problems. This paper reports on work by the INCOSE MBSE Initiative Patterns Challenge Team, focusing on Pattern‐Based Systems Engineering (PBSE) using model‐based system patterns based on the S*Metamodel, speeding and improving multiple SE processes.Distinctive are (1) the configurable, model‐based nature of the patterns (not all historical patterns work has been model‐based), (2) the technical scope of the models, encompassing requirements, design, failure mode, verification, other aspects, (3) the system scope of the models, encompassing whole systems, configurable product lines, and platforms, not just libraries of components, (4) the diverse and integrating cross‐enterprise domains of the patterns, encompassing products, innovation processes, manufacturing, packaging / distribution, and other domains, and (5) the ability to enable a variety of COTS modeling languages and tools, PLM, and other enterprise information systems to integrate support of management and application of S*Patterns across enterprises.
“Suits you sir! ‐‐ choosing the right style of SE before tailoring to fit”
Authors: Kemp Duncan , Beasley Richard , Williams Samantha 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDespite significant evidence that Systems Engineering (SE) adds value, take‐up is patchy. There is a growing volume of evidence that the ‘understand‐plan‐do’ paradigm behind conventional Systems Engineering only works in some circumstances.We have seen situations where SE has either over‐complicated the solution or was unable to deliver quickly enough. Applying SE in these situations leads to both a specific failure and damages the credibility of SE more broadly. This paper:

Proposes a new, two phase, tailoring process. Select an approach suitable for the situation then (if appropriate) decide what SE to do.
Includes a Functional Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FFMEA), which identifies functional failures modes, effects and mitigation activities applicable to the first stage of the tailoring process.
Illustrates the FFMEA with 7 case studies.
The proposed mitigations provide a high level blueprint for an enterprise that implements conventional SE, when, and only when, appropriate.
Creating Executable Agent‐Based Models Using SysML
Authors: Maheshwari Apoorv , Kenley C. Robert , DeLaurentis Daniel A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSimulation plays an important role in the analysis of alternatives during the early phases of systems engineering activities. This is especially true for endeavors in the system of systems realm where there is even more need for simulation to characterize interdependencies. In this paper, we develop a generic framework to translate a SysML conceptual model to an executable agent‐based simulation model. We demonstrate the translation using a simplified air traffic management problem. Along with the potential advantages, we also identify major challenges and possible mismatches in accomplishing a suitable translation for real‐world systems of systems.
System of Systems Approaches for Mobile Source Transit Security
Authors: Mauss Fredrick , Valencia Juan , Hatchell Brian , Silvers Kurt , Crowell Shannon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe petroleum industry uses radioactive isotopes in well‐logging operations to support oil exploration activities. Well‐logging service providers use radiological sources to obtain the most accurate estimate of porosity in geologic formations. The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), through its Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI), has a mission to enhance the security of high‐priority nuclear and radiological materials in civilian use. As part of this mission, GTRI intends to facilitate tracking and security of well‐logging radiological sources both in the United States and around the world. GTRI is sponsoring the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to develop a Mobile Source Transit Security System that can be used by the well‐logging service providers to track these sources in near real time on a worldwide basis. This paper describes the system capabilities, constraints, and conceptual design. System of systems approaches and challenges that were considered in the development of the system are highlighted.
Using Systems Engineering Practices for Distributed Control and Building Performance Simulation
Authors: Yahiaoui Azzedine , Sahraoui Abd‐El‐Kader 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA distributed simulation between control systems and building performance applications is becoming more and more an invaluable tool in the analysis of Automated Buildings (ABs) for better operation and design. Instead of costly and time‐consuming experiments, using distributed simulations can simultaneously fulfill the occupants’ needs while reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Distributed simulations are used to investigate the impact of advanced control systems on building performance applications. This paper describes the development and implementation of a framework for distributed simulations involving different software tools over a network. The main role of this framework is to run‐time couple one or more building performance simulation tool(s) with a control systems environment over a network, within a Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) architecture. Finally, the paper ends with some conclusions and perspectives for future work.
Multi‐Level Product Platform Strategy for a Multi‐Level Corporation
Authors: Bergsjö Dag , Levandowski Christoffer , Stig Daniel Corin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractReuse strategies based on product platform thinking can provide important advantages over single‐product development, especially for achieving economy‐of‐scale and cost‐efficient product variety. This paper presents the case of a multi‐national corporation that has many opportunities for identifying commonalities across and within its subsidiaries from which product platforms can be defined. The study focuses on the opportunities of one of these subsidiaries to transfer to platform‐based development for some of their components. A framework is presented that defines different levels in the organization where product platforms can be used, as well as different types of reuse strategies that may be adequate for the studied components. These levels are: (A) within each subsidiary, (B) between subsidiaries, and (C) common throughout the umbrella corporation. The types of reuse are categorized as (1) local component sharing, (2) arms‐length buy‐in of components within the corporation, and (3) platform‐based development. It is argued that a platform strategy for the corporation can include various combinations of reuse types and organizational levels, depending on where reuse potential is identified. The main considerations for making this effective is where ownership lies for the shared assets and how to balance multiple stakeholder requirements from different applications, e.g. during engineering change requests.
An Integrated Model‐Based Approach to System Safety and Aircraft System Architecture Development
Authors: Villhauer Eric , Jenkins Brian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIndustry standards for aircraft development require consideration of System Safety objectives during all phases of System Architecture development and implementation. However, tools that have enabled Systems Engineers and Software Engineers to create high‐fidelity models of System Architectures currently don't address the concerns of the System Safety Engineering discipline. A strategy is necessary to ensure that safety objectives are considered during System Architecture model development while maintaining the required organizational independence between System Safety and the domains with which they interface. This paper details an approach to include a view in an architectural model that addresses System Safety objectives.
Maps or Itineraries? A Systems Engineering Insight from Ancient Navigators
Authors: Schindel William D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractProcesses and procedures are the heart of current descriptions of Systems Engineering. The “Vee Diagram”, ISO 15288, the INCOSE SE Handbook, and enterprise‐specific business process models focus attention on process and procedure.However, there is a non‐procedural way to view systems engineering. This approach is to describe the configuration space “navigated” by systems engineering, and what is meant by system trajectories in that space, traveled during system life cycles.This sounds abstract because we have lacked explicit maps necessary to describe this configuration space. We understand concrete steps of a procedure, so we focus there. But where do these steps take us? And, what does “where” mean in this context? Clues are found in recent discoveries about ancient navigation, as well as later development of mathematics and physics.This paper (Part I of a Case for Stronger MBSE Semantics) focuses on the underlying configuration space inherent to systems.
Value Modeling for Enterprise Resilience
Authors: Henderson Dale , Lancaster Mary 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe idea that resilience is a tangible, measureable, and desirable system attribute has grown rapidly over the last decade beyond is origins in explaining ecological, physiological, psychological, and social systems. Operational enterprise resilience requires two types of measurement. First, the system must monitor various operational conditions in order to respond to disruptions. These measurements are part of one or more observation, orientation, decision, and action (OODA) loops The OODA control processes that implement a resilience strategy use these measurements to provide robustness, rapid recovery and reconstitution. In order to assess the effectiveness of the resilience strategy, a different class of measurements is necessary. This second type consists of measurements about how well the OODA processes cover critical enterprise functions and the hazards to which the enterprise is exposed. They allow assessment of how well enterprise management processes anticipate, mitigate, and adapt to a changing environment and the degree to which the system is fault tolerant.This paper nominates a theoretical framework, in the form of definitions, a model, and a syntax, that accounts for this important distinction, and in so doing provides a mechanism for bridging resilience management process models and the many proposed cyber‐defense metric enumerations.
The effect of alendronate on biomineralization at the bone/implant interface
Authors: Karlsson Johan , Martinelli Anna , Fathali Hoda M. , Bielecki Johan , Andersson Martin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA recent approach to improve the osseointegration of implants is to utilize local drug administration. The presence of an osteoporosis drug may influence both bone quantity and quality at the bone/implant interface. Despite this, the performance of bone‐anchoring implants is traditionally evaluated only by quantitative measurements. In the present study, the osteoporosis drug alendronate (ALN) was administrated from mesoporous titania thin films that were coated onto titanium implants. The effect that the drug had on biomineralization was explored both in vitro using simulated body fluid (SBF) and in vivo in a rat tibia model. The SBF study showed that the apatite formation was completely hindered at a high concentration of ALN (0.1 mg/mL). However, when ALN was administrated from the mesoporous coating the surface became completely covered with apatite. Ex vivo characterization of the bone/implant interface using Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the presence of ALN enhanced the bone mineralization, and that the chemical signature of newly formed bone in the presence of ALN had a higher resemblance to the pre‐existing mature bone than to the bone formed without drug. Taken together, this study demonstrates the importance of evaluating the quality of the formed bone to better understand the performance of implants. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 104A: 620–629, 2016.
Ibuprofen loaded PLA nanofibrous scaffolds increase proliferation of human skin cells in vitro and promote healing of full thickness incision wounds in vivo
Authors: Mohiti‐Asli M. , Saha S. , Murphy S.V. , Gracz H. , Pourdeyhimi B. , Atala A. , Loboa E. G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article presents successful incorporation of ibuprofen in polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers to create scaffolds for the treatment of both acute and chronic wounds. Nanofibrous PLA scaffolds containing 10, 20, or 30 wt % ibuprofen were created and ibuprofen release profiles quantified. In vitro cytotoxicity to human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) of the three scaffolds with varying ibuprofen concentrations were evaluated and compared to pure PLA nanofibrous scaffolds. Thereafter, scaffolds loaded with ibuprofen at the concentration that promoted human skin cell viability and proliferation (20 wt %) were evaluated in vivo in nude mice using a full thickness skin incision model to determine the ability of these scaffolds to promote skin regeneration and/or assist with scarless healing. Both acellular and HEK and HDF cell‐seeded 20 wt % ibuprofen loaded nanofibrous bandages reduced wound contraction compared with wounds treated with Tegaderm™ and sterile gauze. Newly regenerated skin on wounds treated with cell‐seeded 20 wt % ibuprofen bandages exhibited significantly greater blood vessel formation relative to acellular ibuprofen bandages. We have found that degradable anti‐inflammatory scaffolds containing 20 wt % ibuprofen promote human skin cell viability and proliferation in vitro, reduce wound contraction in vivo, and when seeded with skin cells, also enhance new blood vessel formation. The approaches and results reported here hold promise for multiple skin tissue engineering and wound healing applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 327–339, 2017.
Adiponectin resistance in skeletal muscle: pathophysiological implications in chronic heart failure
Authors: Sente Tahnee , Van Berendoncks An M , Hoymans Vicky Y , Vrints Christiaan J 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSkeletal muscle wasting is a common complication of chronic heart failure (CHF) and linked to poor patient prognosis. In recent years, adiponectin was postulated to be centrally involved in CHF‐associated metabolic failure and muscle wasting. This review discusses current knowledge on the role of adiponectin in CHF. Particular emphasis will be given to the complex interaction mechanisms and the intracellular pathways underlying adiponectin resistance in skeletal muscle of CHF patients. In this review, we propose that the resistance process is multifactorial, integrating abnormalities emanating from insulin signalling, mitochondrial biogenesis, and ceramide metabolism.
Unusual photoanisotropic alignment in amorphous azobenzene polymers
Authors: Ramanujam P. S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIt is well known that irradiation of azobenzene polymer films between 490 and 530 nm results in alignment of molecules perpendicular to the polarization of the incident beam. I have recently found that irradiation of amorphous azobenzene polymers with linearly polarized light at wavelengths between 560 and 630 nm, where the absorption is minimal, results in a possible uniaxial hedgehog arrangement of the molecules. Experiments performed with a dye laser, which can be tuned continuously between 560 and 630 nm, are described. Not only azobenzene but also another photosensitive molecule, bacteriorhodopsin, seems to exhibit this behavior.
A simple adjustment to test reliability of bacterivory rates derived from the dilution method
Authors: Pree Bernadette , Kuhlisch Constanze , Pohnert Georg , Sazhin Andrey F. , Jakobsen Hans Henrik , Lund Paulsen Maria , Frischer Marc E. , Stoecker Diane , Nejstgaard Jens C. , Larsen Aud 
Published: October 2015

AbstractQuantification of grazing losses of marine heterotrophic bacteria is critical for understanding nutrient and carbon pathways in aquatic systems. The dilution method is a commonly used experimental approach for quantifying bacterivory. However, valid estimates of grazing rates obtained using this method depend on several methodological assumptions including that the method does not influence specific growth rates of bacteria. Here, we hypothesize that filtration during the set‐up of a dilution experiment has the potential to release allelochemicals from phytoplankton cells and thereby stimulate or inhibit bacterial growth with the consequence of biased grazing estimates. We tested this hypothesis during a natural Phaeocystis pouchetii bloom at two different locations within an Arctic fjord. Results from the dilution experiments suggest higher gross growth rate and grazing impact for bacteria in the outer fjord compared with the inner fjord. However, specific growth rates estimated by bacterial production cell−1 were significantly elevated in dilutions of water from the outer fjord but not the inner fjord. The analysis of dissolved metabolites in the seawater from both experiments prior and after filtration revealed altered metabolic profiles after filtration at both stations. As unaffected specific growth of prey on dilution is one of three fundamental assumptions of the dilution method, we conclude that it is important that empirically estimated bacterial specific growth rates be routinely included when using the dilution method to quantify bacterivory.
Sponge‐Type Emissive Chemosensors for the Protein Detection Based on Boron Ketoiminate‐Modifying Hydrogels with Aggregation‐Induced Blueshift Emission Property
Authors: Suenaga Kazumasa , Yoshii Ryousuke , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: October 2015

The construction of the sponge‐type chemosensors based on the unique optical properties from the aggregates of the dye‐modifying hydrogels is shown herein. Initially, the modified hydrogels involving boron ketoiminate with poly(γ‐glutamic acid) are prepared, and it is confirmed that the synthesized hydrogels can present the aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties. In particular, it is found that the AIE color is changed by exposing the hydrogels to organic solvents for shrinking the hydrogels. Interestingly, after the treatments with organic solvents, the AIE color of the hydrogel is diverse. This unique behavior can be explained as aggregation‐induced blueshift emission. Next, based on this color change in the shrinking, the protein sensing is performed. Finally, it is demonstrated that the color changes of the hydrogels can be significantly induced by the protein solution. This is the first example, to the best of our knowledge, to offer the facile chemosensor for the protein detection based on the unique photophysical process, aggregation‐induced blueshift emission.
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A Facile Strategy for Catalyst Separation and Recycling Suitable for ATRP of Hydrophilic Monomers Using a Macroligand
Authors: Jiang Xiaowu , Wu Jian , Zhang Lifen , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: October 2015

How to simply and efficiently separate and recycle catalyst has still been a constraint for the wide application of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), especially for the polymerization systems with hydrophilic monomers because the polar functional groups may coordinate with transition metal salts, resulting in abundant catalyst residual in the resultant water‐soluble polymers. In order to overcome this problem, a latent‐biphasic system is developed, which can be successfully used for ATRP catalyst separation and recycling in situ for various kinds of hydrophilic monomers for the first time, such as poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), N,N‐dimethyl acrylamide (DMA), and N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM). Herein, random copolymer of octadecyl acrylate (OA), MA‐Ln (2‐(bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amino)ethyl acrylate), and POA‐ran‐P(MA‐Ln) is designed as the macroligand, and heptane/ethanol is selected as the biphasic solvent. Copper(II) bromide (CuBr2) is employed as the catalyst, PEG‐bound 2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropanoate (PEG350‐Br) as the water‐soluble ATRP initiator and 2,2′‐azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as the azo‐initiator to establish an ICAR (initiators for continuous activator regeneration) ATRP system. Importantly, well‐defined water‐soluble polymers are obtained even though the recyclable catalyst is used for sixth times.
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No Difference on Adherence Between Immediate‐Release Versus Extended‐Release Dopamine Agonists in Uninsured Subjects with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Bazán‐Rodríguez Lisette , Cervantes‐Arriaga Amin , Llorens‐Arenas Rodrigo , Calderón‐Fajardo Humberto , Rodríguez‐Violante Mayela 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundPharmacological management of subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) is complex. Regardless of drug selection, adherence is one of the main concerns. Nonadherence is associated with poor symptomatic control and low quality of life. In general, adherence to once‐a‐day formulations is thought to be better in comparison to 3‐times‐daily dosing.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out. Consecutive uninsured subjects diagnosed with PD were treated either with an immediate‐ or extended‐release dopamine agonist formulation. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Subjects were assessed using the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society UPDRS. Adherence was evaluated using the Morisky‐Green test (MGT).ResultsA total of 314 (175 males and 139 females) subjects with PD were included. In regard to treatment, 188 (59.9%) were on an immediate‐release dopamine agonist and 126 (40.1%) on an extended‐release dopamine agonist. According to the MGT, 21 (6.7%) subjects were classified as nonadherent, 273 (86.9%) with a low adherence, and only 20 (6.4%) were considered with high adherence. Dopamine agonist levodopa equivalent daily dose was higher in the extended‐release group (296.6 ± 112.4 vs. 231.3 ± 133.4; P = 0.011); also, these subjects had more years of formal education (12.3 ± 5.2 vs. 9.5 ± 5.2; P = 0.630). No difference in adherence levels was found (P = 0.802) between subjects treated with an immediate‐release dopamine agonist and those receiving an extended‐release formulation.ConclusionsOverall adherence in subjects with PD is low. Use of an extended‐release over an immediate‐release dopamine agonist formulation in this study population is not associated with a better adherence.