bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical Presentation as Unilateral Renal and Soft Tissue Metastases from Follicular Carcinoma Thyroid
Authors: Kumar S , Mohan Ambikavathy , Kumar Udaya 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThyroid carcinoma comprises 1% of all malignancies. Follicular thyroid carcinoma is the second most common cancer of thyroid. Vascular invasion and hematogenous metastases to bone, lungs, brain, skin and adrenal glands has a reported incidence of 11 to 25%. The initial presentation of the patient with distant metastases is rare. Well-differentiated thyroid cancers with renal secondaries are reported in limited number of cases so far. W e report a case of an asymptomatic female patient who presented to us with soft tissue metastases to scalp, left sc apular regio n an d left k idn ey. On furth er evalu atin g, ultrasound of the neck showed a solitary nodule of 2 × 1 cm in the left lobe of thyroid. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of thyroid reported as follicular carcinoma. FNAC of scalp, scapular swelling, and left kidney lesion was reported as metastatic lesions from follicular thyroid cancer. The patient refused any surgical intervention and she received three cycles of chemotherapy and suppressive treatment with L-thyroxine. She is on regular follow-up with the stable disease till date. We present this case for its rarity of renal metastases from follicular thyroid cancer.How to cite this articleMohan A, Kumar S, Kumar U. Atypical Presentation as Unilateral Renal and Soft Tissue Metastases from Follicular Carcinoma Thyroid. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):184-186.
Analysis of intracellular reducing levels in human hepatocytes on three‐dimensional focusing microchip
Authors: Xu Chunxiu , Cai Longfei 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTA novel three‐dimensional hydrodynamic focusing microfluidic device integrated with high‐throughput cell sampling and detection of intracellular contents is presented. It has a pivotal role in maintaining the reducing environment in cells. Intracellular reducing species such as vitamin C and glutathione in normal and tumor cells were labeled by a newly synthesized 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐piperidine‐1‐oxyl‐based fluorescent probe. Hepatocytes are adherent cells, which are prone to attaching to the channel surface. To avoid the attachment of cells on the channel surface, a single channel microchip with three sheath‐flow channels located on both sides of and below the sampling channel was developed. Hydrostatic pressure generated by emptying the sample waste reservoir was used as driving force of fluid on the microchip. Owing to the difference between the liquid levels of the reservoirs, the labeled cells were three‐dimensional hydrodynamically focused and transported from the sample reservoir to the sample waste reservoir. Hydrostatic pressure takes advantage of its ease of generation on a microfluidic chip without any external pressure pump, which drives three sheath‐flow streams to constrain a sample flow stream into a narrow stream to avoid blockage of the sampling channel by adhered cells. The intracellular reducing levels of HepG2 cells and L02 cells were detected by home‐built laser‐induced fluorescence detector. The analysis throughput achieved in this microfluidic system was about 59–68 cells/min. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic analysis of antibody producing CHO cells in fed‐batch production
Authors: Dean Jason , Reddy Pranhitha 
Published: January 2013

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are commonly used for industrial production of recombinant proteins in fed batch or alternative production systems. Cells progress through multiple metabolic stages during fed‐batch antibody (mAb) production, including an exponential growth phase accompanied by lactate production, a low growth, or stationary phase when specific mAb production increases, and a decline when cell viability declines. Although media composition and cell lineage have been shown to impact growth and productivity, little is known about the metabolic changes at a molecular level. Better understanding of cellular metabolism will aid in identifying targets for genetic and metabolic engineering to optimize bioprocess and cell engineering. We studied a high expressing recombinant CHO cell line, designated high performer (HP), in fed‐batch productions using stable isotope tracers and biochemical methods to determine changes in central metabolism that accompany growth and mAb production. We also compared and contrasted results from HP to a high lactate producing cell line that exhibits poor growth and productivity, designated low performer (LP), to determine intrinsic metabolic profiles linked to their respective phenotypes. Our results reveal alternative metabolic and regulatory pathways for lactate and TCA metabolite production to those reported in the literature. The distribution of key media components into glycolysis, TCA cycle, lactate production, and biosynthetic pathways was shown to shift dramatically between exponential growth and stationary (production) phases. We determined that glutamine is both utilized more efficiently than glucose for anaplerotic replenishment and contributes more significantly to lactate production during the exponential phase. Cells shifted to glucose utilization in the TCA cycle as growth rate decreased. The magnitude of this metabolic switch is important for attaining high viable cell mass and antibody titers. We also found that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK1) and pyruvate kinase (PK) are subject to differential regulation during exponential and stationary phases. The concomitant shifts in enzyme expression and metabolite utilization profiles shed light on the regulatory links between cell metabolism, media metabolites, and cell growth. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1735–1747. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pulsed electric field (PEF) as an intensification pretreatment for greener solvent lipid extraction from microalgae
Authors: Zbinden Mauricio D. Antezana , Sturm Belinda S.M. , Nord Ryan D. , Carey William J. , Moore David , Shinogle Heather , Stagg‐Williams Susan M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMicroalgae, with their high lipid content, are a promising feedstock for renewable fuels. Traditionally, human and environmentally toxic solvents have been used to extract these lipids, diminishing the sustainability of this process. Herein, pulsed electric field technology was utilized as a process intensification strategy to enhance lipid extraction from Ankistrodesmus falcatus wet biomass using the green solvent, ethyl acetate. The extraction efficiency for ethyl acetate without PEF was lower (83–88%) than chloroform. In addition, the ethyl acetate exhibited a 2‐h induction period, while the chloroform showed no time dependence. Utilizing PEF technology resulted in 90% of the cells being lysed and a significant enhancement in the rate of lipid recovery using ethyl acetate. The increase in lipid recovery was due to the presence of the electric field and not due to temperature effects. The PEF technology uses less energy than other PEF systems reported in the literature. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1605–1615. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient isotopic tryptophan labeling of membrane proteins by an indole controlled process conduct
Authors: Berger Christian , Berndt Sandra , Pichert Annelie , Theisgen Stephan , Huster Daniel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA protocol for the efficient isotopic labeling of large G protein‐coupled receptors with tryptophan in Escherichia coli as expression host was developed that sufficiently suppressed the naturally occurring L‐tryptophan indole lyase, which cleaves tryptophan into indole, pyruvate, and ammonia resulting in scrambling of the isotopic label in the protein. Indole produced by the tryptophanase is naturally used as messenger for cell–cell communication. Detailed analysis of different process conducts led to the optimal expression strategy, which mimicked cell–cell communication by the addition of indole during expression. Discrete concentrations of indole and 15N2‐L‐tryptophan at dedicated time points in the fermentation drastically increased the isotopic labeling efficiency. Isotope scrambling was only observed in glutamine, asparagine, and arginine side chains but not in the backbone. This strategy allows producing specifically tryptophan labeled membrane proteins at high concentrations avoiding the disadvantages of the often low yields of auxotrophic E. coli strains. In the fermentation process carried out according to this protocol, we produced ∼15 mg of tryptophan labeled neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 per liter medium. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1681–1690. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of cultivation conditions on N‐glycosylation of influenza virus a hemagglutinin produced in MDCK cell culture
Authors: Rödig Jana Verena , Rapp Erdmann , Bohne Jana , Kampe Michael , Kaffka Helene , Bock Andreas , Genzel Yvonne , Reichl Udo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractManufacturers worldwide produce influenza vaccines in different host systems. So far, either fertilized chicken eggs or mammalian cell lines are used. In all these vaccines, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase are the major components. Both are highly abundant glycoproteins in the viral envelope, and particularly HA is able to induce a strong and protective immune response. The quality characteristics of glycoproteins, such as specific activity, antigenicity, immunogenicity, binding avidity, and receptor‐binding specificity can strongly depend on changes or differences in their glycosylation pattern (potential N‐glycosylation occupancy as well as glycan composition).In this study, capillary gel electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection (CGE‐LIF) based glycoanalysis (N‐glycan fingerprinting) was used to determine the impact of cultivation conditions on the HA N‐glycosylation pattern of Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell‐derived influenza virus A PR/8/34 (H1N1). We found that adaptation of adherent cells to serum‐free growth has only a minor impact on the HA N‐glycosylation pattern. Only relative abundances of N‐glycan structures are affected. In contrast, host cell adaptation to serum‐free suspension growth resulted in significant changes in the HA N‐glycosylation pattern regarding the presence of specific N‐glycans as well as their abundance. Further controls such as different suppliers for influenza virus A PR/8/34 (H1N1) seed strains, different cultivation scales and vessels in standard or high cell density mode, different virus production media varying in either composition or trypsin activity, different temperatures during virus replication and finally, the impact of β‐propiolactone inactivation resulted—at best—only in minor changes in the relative N‐glycan structure abundances of the HA N‐glycosylation pattern.Surprisingly, these results demonstrate a rather stable HA N‐glycosylation pattern despite various (significant) changes in upstream processing. Only the adaptation of the production host cell line to serum‐free suspension growth significantly influenced HA N‐glycosylation regarding both, the type of attached glycan structures as well as their abundances. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1691–1703. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stress induced lipid production in Chlorella vulgaris: Relationship with specific intracellular reactive species levels
Authors: Menon Kavya R. , Balan Ranjini , Suraishkumar G.K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMicroalgae have significant potential to be an important alternative energy source, but the challenges to the commercialization of bio‐oil from microalgae need to be overcome for the potential to be realized. The application of stress can be used to improve bio‐oil yields from algae. Nevertheless, the understanding of stress effects is fragmented due to the lack of a suitable, direct quantitative marker for stress. The lack of understanding seems to have limited the development of stress based strategies to improve bio‐oil yields, and hence the commercialization of microalgae‐based bio‐oil. In this study, we have proposed and used the specific intracellular reactive species levels (siROS) particularly hydroxyl and superoxide radical levels, separately, as direct, quantitative, markers for stress, irrespective of the type of stress induced. Although ROS reactions are extremely rapid, the siROS level can be assumed to be at pseudo‐steady state compared to the time scales of metabolism, growth and production, and hence they can be effective stress markers at particular time points. Also, the specific intracellular (si‐) hydroxyl and superoxide radical levels are easy to measure through fluorimetry. Interestingly, irrespective of the conditions employed in this study, that is, nutrient excess/limitation or different light wavelengths, the cell concentrations are correlated to the siROS levels in an inverse power law fashion. The composite plots of cell concentration (y) and siROS (x) yielded the correlations of y = k1 · x−0.7 and y = k2 · x−0.79, for si‐hydroxyl and si‐superoxide radical levels, respectively. The specific intracellular (si‐) neutral lipid levels, which determine the bio‐oil productivity, are related in a direct power law fashion to the specific hydroxyl radical levels. The composite plot of si‐neutral lipid levels (z) and si‐hydroxyl radical level (x) yielded a correlation of z = k3 · x0.65. More interestingly, a nutrient shift caused a significant change in the sensitivity of neutral lipid accumulation to the si‐hydroxyl radical levels. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1627–1636. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust Optimal Design of an Glycerol Etherification Process
Authors: Vlad E. , Bildea C. S. , Bozga G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGlycerol ethers are valuable fuel additives produced by reaction of glycerol with isobutene. The processes presented in the literature use high‐purity isobutene and are designed assuming accurate knowledge of reaction kinetics and physical properties. The optimal design of a plant processing 2.25 kmol h–1 glycerol, using isobutene of 90 % purity, is addressed considering the uncertainty of the design data. Plants with small reactors have the lowest total annual cost, but the recycle flow rates greatly increase when uncertain variables affect the process, constraining the operation feasibility. The optimal design, fulfilling the constraints despite uncertainty, is found by constructive nonlinear dynamics. The robustness of the optimal design is proved by dynamic simulation.
Effect of Aqueous Film‐Forming Foams on the Evaporation Rate of Hydrocarbon Fuels
Authors: Ranjbar H. , Shahraki B. H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA class of firefighting foams, known as aqueous film‐forming foam (AFFF), has the ability to form a film by spreading on the free surface of some hydrocarbon fuels. To find out whether this film could reduce the evaporation losses of volatile hydrocarbons, the evaporation rates of fuels covered with a film of AFFF were measured by weighing the fuel at different time intervals. The results proved that the addition of aqueous surfactant solutions on the fuels is not always synonymous to the reduction of evaporation rates, but sometimes it might also cause an increase. However, it was found that polyethylene glycol could modify AFFF in a way that it can form a protective permanent film on the surface of a fuel such as kerosene, thereby leading to a reduction of evaporation losses.
Ionic Liquid‐Coated Nickel Phosphide Catalysts for Selective Hydrodesulfurization
Authors: Cheng Q. , Xu S. , Wang X. , Guo C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNi2P/SiO2 catalysts were coated with the ionic liquid (IL) 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide with different coating thicknesses and their selective hydrodesulfurization performances were investigated using a model fluid catalytic cracking gasoline. The selective factor on the IL‐coated catalysts (IL‐Ni2P/SiO2) first increased and then decreased as the initial mass ratio of IL to Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst ranged from 0.02 to 0.18. A maximum selectivity factor of 16.7 was found at a mass ratio of 0.10 which corresponds to full monolayer coverage on the original Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst by the IL. In comparison, the selectivity factor was 6.7 for the Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst, indicating a significant selectivity improvement by the IL coating method.
An optimal solution to resource allocation among soft QoS traffic in wireless network
Authors: Tan Liansheng , Zhu Zhongxun , Zhang Wei , Chen Gong 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYOptimization theory and nonlinear programming method have successfully been applied into wire‐lined networks (e.g., the Internet) in developing efficient resource allocation and congestion control schemes. The resource (e.g., bandwidth) allocation in a communication network has been modeled into an optimization problem: the objective is to maximize the source aggregate utility subject to the network resource constraint. However, for wireless networks, how to allocate the resource among the soft quality of service (QoS) traffic remains an important design challenge. Mathematically, the most difficult comes from the non‐concave utility function of soft QoS traffic in the network utility maximization (NUM) problem. Previous result on this problem has only been able to find its sub‐optimal solution. Facing this challenge, this paper establishes some key theorems to find the optimal solution and then present a complete algorithm called utility‐based allocation for soft QoS to obtain the desired optimal solution. The proposed theorems and algorithm act as designing guidelines for resource allocation of soft QoS traffic in a wireless network, which take into account the total available resource of network, the users’ traffic characteristics, and the users’ channel qualities. By numerical examples, we illustrate the explicit solution procedures.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keeping pace with NPS releases: fast GC‐MS screening of legal high products
Authors: Elie Mathieu P. , Elie Leonie E. , Baron Mark G. 
Published: January 2013

The continuous appearance of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in legal high products presents a challenge for the routine analytical laboratory. A rapid screening method for NPS analysis using fast gas chromatography mass spectrometry (fast GC‐MS) is presented. Twenty‐three analytes, including 5‐iodo‐2‐aminoindane (5‐IAI), 1‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2‐methylaminopropane (MPA), 1‐benzylpiperazine (BZP), 4‐methylmethcathinone (mephedrone), 5,6‐methylenedioxy‐2‐aminoindane (MDAI) and methoxetamine (MXE) were separated within 4 min. The method was used to analyze 35 Internet and head shop purchased ‘legal high’ products with the successful identification of their active ingredients. As previously observed, legal high products do not always contain their stated ingredients. Of the group of products purchased as 5‐IAI not one contained 5‐IAI with several containing mixtures of substances either already controlled in the UK or under consideration by the Advisory Council on Misuse of Drugs (ACMD).The low bleed and high inertness of the chromatography column used ensured clean high quality mass spectrometry data which when combined with the short run time resulted in an efficient tool for NPS screening, even when standards were unavailable. Electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectra used in combination for the identification of unknown NPS are presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic diversity and recombination in natural populations of the nematode‐trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora from China
Authors: Zhang Ying , Qiao Min , Xu Jianping , Cao Yang , Zhang Ke‐Qin , Yu Ze‐Fen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNematophagous fungi can trap and capture nematodes and other small invertebrates. This unique ability has made them ideal organisms from which to develop biological control agents against plant‐ and animal‐parasitic nematodes. However, effective application of biocontrol agents in the field requires a comprehensive understanding about the ecology and population genetics of the nematophagous fungi in natural environments. Here, we genotyped 228 strains of the nematode‐trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora using 12 single nucleotide polymorphic markers located on eight random DNA fragments. The strains were from different ecological niches and geographical regions from China. Our analyses identified that ecological niche separations contributed significantly, whereas geographic separation contributed relatively little to the overall genetic variation in our samples of A. oligospora. Interestingly, populations from stressful environments seemed to be more variable and showed more evidence for recombination than those from benign environments at the same geographic areas. We discussed the implications of our results to the conservation and biocontrol application of A. oligospora in agriculture and forestry.
Estimating evapotranspiration and groundwater flow from water‐table fluctuations for a general wetland scenario
Authors: Carlson Mazur Martha L. , Wiley Michael J. , Wilcox Douglas A. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe use of diurnal water‐table fluctuation methods to calculate evapotranspiration (ET) and groundwater flow is of increasing interest in ecohydrological studies. Most studies of this type, however, have been located in riparian wetlands of semi‐arid regions where groundwater levels are consistently below topographic surface elevations and precipitation events are infrequent. Current methodologies preclude application to a wider variety of wetland systems. In this study, we extended a method for estimating sub‐daily ET and groundwater flow rates from water‐level fluctuations to fit highly dynamic, non‐riparian wetland scenarios. Modifications included (1) varying the specific yield to account for periodic flooded conditions and (2) relating empirically derived ET to estimated potential ET for days when precipitation events masked the diurnal signal. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we estimated ET and groundwater fluxes over two growing seasons (2006–2007) in 15 wetlands within a ridge‐and‐swale wetland complex of the Laurentian Great Lakes under flooded and non‐flooded conditions. Mean daily ET rates for the sites ranged from 4.0 mm d−1 to 6.6 mm d−1. Shallow groundwater discharge rates resulting from evaporative demand ranged from 2.5 mm d−1 to 4.3 mm d−1. This study helps to expand our understanding of the evapotranspirative demand of plants under various hydrologic and climate conditions. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Modulation of the Interlayer Structures and Magnetic Behavior of 2D Spin‐Crossover Coordination Polymers [FeII(L)2PtII(CN)4]
Authors: Ohtani Ryo , Arai Masashi , Ohba Hisayoshi , Hori Akihiro , Takata Masaki , Kitagawa Susumu , Ohba Masaaki 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTwo 2D Hofmann‐type spin‐crossover coordination polymers, [Fe(stpy)2Pt(CN)4]·0.5MeOH (stpy = 4‐styrylpyridine; 1) and [Fe(pep)2Pt(CN)4] {pep = 4‐(2‐phenylethyl)pyridine; 2}, have been prepared by using long co‐ligands with different flexibilities. These compounds form 3D interdigitate structures based on 2D layers extended by Pt–CN–Fe linkages with different interlayer structures depending on the nature of the axial co‐ligand. The stpy co‐ligand forms one‐directional π–π networks between the layers, whereas pep forms two‐directional π–π networks as a result of its perpendicularly twisted structure. Coordination polymer 1 exhibits a half‐spin transition with Tc↓ = 106 K and Tc↑ = 110 K. In contrast, coordination polymer 2 shows a sharp, two‐step spin transition in the temperature range 184–236 K. The difference in spin‐transition behavior is discussed in terms of the interlayer packing structure.