bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispositional emotion coping styles and physiological responses to expressive writing
Authors: Tamagawa Rie , Moss‐Morris Rona , Martin Alexandra , Robinson Elizabeth , Booth Roger J. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesThe purpose of these two studies was to assess how repressors and defensive, high‐anxious individuals exhibit their psychological and health characteristics subjectively through self‐reports and objectively through physiological markers and ratings of emotional expression.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive design (study one) and randomized controlled design (study two).MethodsIn the first descriptive study, repressors, defensive, high‐anxious individuals and low‐anxious individuals were identified from a pool of 748 undergraduates. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires assessing psychological and health characteristics. In the second experimental study, the three groups were randomized into either emotional or non‐emotional writing conditions. Participants were asked to write three essays on either an emotional or a non‐emotional topic in a single day.ResultsIn the first study, defensive, high‐anxious individuals reported significantly more distress, symptoms, sickness behaviours and difficulty expressing anger relative to repressors. In the second study, there was a significant difference in salivary cortisol concentrations between the two writing conditions regardless of the emotional coping grouping. Analysis of the writing showed no significant differences among repressors, defensive, high‐anxious and low‐anxious individuals in their cognitive and affective expression.ConclusionsWhereas self‐reports of health outcomes and psychological traits clearly distinguish repressors and defensive, high‐anxious individuals, more objective indices of emotional expressiveness and physiology do not appear to do so. The results also indicate that expressive writing may be helpful to reduce physiological arousal towards emotionally charged memories.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject? Emotion inhibition and Health: Emotional inhibition is associated with aversive health. Little previous work has differentiated emotional inhibition due to repression or suppression. Emotion expression and Health: Expressing emotions through expressive writing may be salutary. Little is known about the physiological basis to explain all the health‐relevant changes following expressive writing. A moderating role of dispositional emotional expressiveness in the context of expressive writing is inconclusive.What does this study add? Unlike repression, suppression (defensive, high‐anxious) was associated with poor self‐reported health. There was a greater reduction of cortisol response while writing emotionally compared with writing non‐emotionally. Repressors and suppressive (defensive, high‐anxious) individuals were distinctive on self‐reported health, but were similar in objective endocrine responses to expressive writing.
A qualitative exploration of the identities of parents with a learning disability
Authors: Shewan Laura , McKenzie Karen , Quayle Ethel , Crawley Rowan 
Published: November 2012

Accessible summary

The number of parents with a learning disability in the United Kingdom (UK) is growing.

Parents with a learning disability do have some difficulties.

Parents with a learning disability see that their learning disability is separate to being a mum or dad.

Becoming a parent is important to people with a learning disability.

SummaryThere are an increasing number of parents with a learning disability in the UK. Existing research in the area suggests that this group of parents face a number of issues including social isolation and over‐representation in child protection systems. This study explored what parents understood about their learning disability and how they perceived this to impact on them in their parenting role. This exploratory study adopted a qualitative approach, involving semi‐structured interviews with eight parents (three mothers, five fathers). The study suggested that as a result of having a learning disability parents experience some difficulties, however, these tend to be related to specific tasks only. In their parenting role, three separate identities were conveyed: as a person with a learning disability; as a mother or father, and as an individual (outside of their identity with learning disability or parenthood). The findings presented here are drawn from a larger qualitative study.
Career counselling at school for placement in sheltered workshops?
Authors: Fasching Helga 
Published: November 2012

Accessible summary

This study is about transition from school to work in Austria.

In Austria, students with intellectual disabilities leave school earlier than other students.

Many students with intellectual disabilities join sheltered workshops.

This means that students with intellectual disabilities in Austria do not have the same choices as other people.

This leads to disadvantages in the lives of the students with intellectual disabilities.

Learning helps people to take decisions independently.

The right to learn is very important, also for people with disabilities.

SummaryThis article explores how career counselling at school contributes to supporting inclusive transition processes from school to regular vocational training and occupation for school‐leavers with an intellectual disability. In a first step, a quantitative parent survey analyses how the type of school influences the recommendations of career counselling at school. Subsequently, the quantitative results are subjected to a more profound analysis by means of a qualitative teacher survey. The results show that career counselling at school functions as a ‘gatekeeper’ during the transition process from school to working life. In this context, the recommendations of career counselling at school are closely linked to the type of school attended. The majority of special school students are recommended occupational therapy, while the majority of students with special educational needs in general schools are recommended qualifying measures/vocational training. These results suggest that the recommendation of occupational therapy by career counsellors at school is closely linked to a negative attitude of teachers towards the cognitive abilities of students with intellectual disabilities. Segregated structures in the system also add to negative attitudes.
Ca2+ sparks promote myogenic tone in retinal arterioles
Authors: Kur J , Bankhead P , Scholfield CN , Curtis TM , McGeown JG 
Published: November 2012

Background and PurposeCa2+ imaging reveals subcellular Ca2+ sparks and global Ca2+ waves/oscillations in vascular smooth muscle. It is well established that Ca2+ sparks can relax arteries, but we have previously reported that sparks can summate to generate Ca2+ waves/oscillations in unpressurized retinal arterioles, leading to constriction. We have extended these studies to test the functional significance of Ca2+ sparks in the generation of myogenic tone in pressurized arterioles.Experimental ApproachIsolated retinal arterioles (25–40 μm external diameter) were pressurized to 70 mmHg, leading to active constriction. Ca2+ signals were imaged from arteriolar smooth muscle in the same vessels using Fluo4 and confocal laser microscopy.Key ResultsTone development was associated with an increased frequency of Ca2+ sparks and oscillations. Vasomotion was observed in 40% of arterioles and was associated with synchronization of Ca2+ oscillations, quantifiable as an increased cross‐correlation coefficient. Inhibition of Ca2+ sparks with ryanodine, tetracaine, cyclopiazonic acid or nimodipine, or following removal of extracellular Ca2+, resulted in arteriolar relaxation. Cyclopiazonic acid‐induced dilatation was associated with decreased Ca2+ sparks and oscillations but with a sustained rise in the mean global cytoplasmic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]c), as measured using Fura2 and microfluorimetry.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis study provides direct evidence that Ca2+ sparks can play an excitatory role in pressurized arterioles, promoting myogenic tone. This contrasts with the generally accepted model in which sparks promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Changes in vessel tone in the presence of cyclopiazonic acid correlated more closely with changes in spark and oscillation frequency than global [Ca2+]c, underlining the importance of frequency‐modulated signalling in vascular smooth muscle.
Planning for the Future in Times of Social Change
Authors: Schoon Ingrid 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article examines the interlinkages between macro‐ and microcontextual change, using evidence on changing education expectations among teenagers in three U.K. age cohorts born in 58, 1970, and 1989/1990 and related international studies. It discusses the multiple and interlinked factors and processes shaping educational expectations of young people, focusing on interactions with a changing sociohistorical context, institutional filters, family processes, social structures, and gender. It is argued that career choice and individual life planning have to be understood as an interactive and dialectical process linking individuals and the wider sociohistorical context. Changing opportunities set the stage for individual choice and behavior, which then aggregate to form a new historical context for subsequent cohorts. The effects of social change do not merely “trickle down”; individual and collective decisions and actions can “push up” as well, changing the social context, which in turn influences them. There are, however, variations in experience by social structure and gender, associated with the marginalization of the most disadvantaged. Thus, a key consideration in the study of individual life planning is the situated nature of decision making and the reciprocal and dynamic interactions between individual and context.
Non‐allergic, mastocytosis‐associated rhinitis
Authors: Dollner R. , Taraldsrud E. , Iversen K. , Osnes T. , Kristensen B. , Kramer M. F. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundSystemic mastocytosis (SM) is a clonal proliferative disorder of mast cells (MC) that causes pathological accumulation of mast cells in various tissues, which results in clinical symptoms (e.g. diarrhoea, urticaria) due to MC mediator release. Previous studies have shown that up to fifty percent of rhinitis symptoms in SM patients are non‐allergic and it has been assumed that these nasal complaints in SM patients are due an increased nasal mast cell burden. Nevertheless, to date there are no data supporting this hypothesis.ObjectiveThe study aims to investigate if the presence of allergy‐suggesting nasal complaints in non‐allergic SM patients is correlated with objective measure of nasal mast cell burden.Patients and methodsEleven adult patients with systemic mastocytosis underwent a comprehensive rhinologic work‐up. All patients fulfilled the clinical ARIA criteria for rhinitis. The allergologic work‐up included serological allergy testing, determination of tryptase levels (serum and nasal secretion), skin prick testing, and nasal provocation testing.ResultsTen out of eleven SM patients with clinical persistent allergic rhinitis were found to be non‐allergic. In these patients, the most predominant symptoms were rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itching. All three symptoms were strongly correlated with the nasal tryptase level but not to the level of serum tryptase.Conclusion and Clinical relevanceNon‐allergic persistent nasal complaints in systemic mastocytosis were significantly correlated with elevated nasal tryptase level as a measure of local MC burden. Furthermore, elevated nasal tryptase correlated with persistent rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itching as predominant symptoms, which seems to characterize a non‐allergic mastocytosis‐associated rhinitis (NAMAR) in systemic mastocytosis.
Major lineages of Nolidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea) elucidated by molecular phylogenetics
Authors: Zahiri Reza , Lafontaine J. Donald , Holloway Jeremy D. , Kitching Ian J. , Schmidt B. Christian , Kaila Lauri , Wahlberg Niklas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTo elucidate the evolutionary relationships of the major lineages within the moth family Nolidae, we analysed a molecular dataset comprising eight independent gene regions (6.4 kbp), cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from the mitochondrial genome, and elongation factor‐1α (EF‐1α), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5), carbamoylphosphate synthase domain protein (CAD), cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and wingless genes from the nuclear genome, using parsimony and model‐based evolutionary methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference). Our analyses revealed a well‐resolved phylogenetic hypothesis, again recovering the six previously recognized families within Noctuoidea (i.e. Oenosandridae, Notodontidae, Euteliidae, Erebidae, Nolidae and Noctuidae), and monophyly of the quadrifid Noctuoidea (i.e. Euteliidae, Erebidae, Nolidae and Noctuidae). The family Nolidae is diagnosed and characterized by two synapomorphies from morphology: construction of a ridged boat‐shaped cocoon that bears a vertical exit slit at one end; and two other morphological character states: elongation of the forewing retinaculum into a bar‐like or digitate condition and possession of a postpiracular counter‐tympanal hood. We present a new phylogenetic hypothesis for Nolidae consisting of eight strongly supported subfamilies, two of which are erected here: Diphtherinae, Risobinae, Collomeninae subfam. nov., Beaninae subfam. nov., Eligminae, Westermanniinae, Nolinae and Chloephorinae. Where we are able, each monophyletic lineage is diagnosed by morphological autapomorphies and within each subfamily, monophyletic tribes and subtribes are circumscribed, most of which are also diagnosable by morphological apomorphies. We also describe two new taxa: Gelastocerini trib. nov. and Etannina subtrib. nov. The Neotropical subfamily Diphtherinae, here newly circumscribed, is considered to be the plesiomorphic sister lineage to the rest of Nolidae. Diphtherinae are characterized by loss of the proximal pair of metatibial spurs in males and by the presence of a frontal tubercle, which is presumably associated with a derived strategy of emergence from the cocoon.
iMinerva: A Mathematical Model of Distributional Statistical Learning
Authors: Thiessen Erik D. , Pavlik Philip I. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractStatistical learning refers to the ability to identify structure in the input based on its statistical properties. For many linguistic structures, the relevant statistical features are distributional: They are related to the frequency and variability of exemplars in the input. These distributional regularities have been suggested to play a role in many different aspects of language learning, including phonetic categories, using phonemic distinctions in word learning, and discovering non‐adjacent relations. On the surface, these different aspects share few commonalities. Despite this, we demonstrate that the same computational framework can account for learning in all of these tasks. These results support two conclusions. The first is that much, and perhaps all, of distributional statistical learning can be explained by the same underlying set of processes. The second is that some aspects of language can be learned due to domain‐general characteristics of memory.
Sodium and calcium mechanisms of rhythmic bursting in excitatory neural networks of the pre‐Bötzinger complex: a computational modelling study
Authors: Jasinski Patrick E. , Molkov Yaroslav I. , Shevtsova Natalia A. , Smith Jeffrey C. , Rybak Ilya A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe neural mechanisms generating rhythmic bursting activity in the mammalian brainstem, particularly in the pre‐Bötzinger complex (pre‐BötC), which is involved in respiratory rhythm generation, and in the spinal cord (e.g. locomotor rhythmic activity) that persist after blockade of synaptic inhibition remain poorly understood. Experimental studies in rodent medullary slices containing the pre‐BötC identified two mechanisms that could potentially contribute to the generation of rhythmic bursting: one based on the persistent Na+ current (INaP), and the other involving the voltage‐gated Ca2+ current (ICa) and the Ca2+‐activated nonspecific cation current (ICAN), activated by intracellular Ca2+ accumulated from extracellular and intracellular sources. However, the involvement and relative roles of these mechanisms in rhythmic bursting are still under debate. In this theoretical/modelling study, we investigated Na+‐dependent and Ca2+‐dependent bursting generated in single cells and heterogeneous populations of synaptically interconnected excitatory neurons with INaP and ICa randomly distributed within populations. We analysed the possible roles of network connections, ionotropic and metabotropic synaptic mechanisms, intracellular Ca2+ release, and the Na+/K+ pump in rhythmic bursting generated under different conditions. We show that a heterogeneous population of excitatory neurons can operate in different oscillatory regimes with bursting dependent on INaP and/or ICAN, or independent of both. We demonstrate that the operating bursting mechanism may depend on neuronal excitation, synaptic interactions within the network, and the relative expression of particular ionic currents. The existence of multiple oscillatory regimes and their state dependence demonstrated in our models may explain different rhythmic activities observed in the pre‐BötC and other brainstem/spinal cord circuits under different experimental conditions.
Predictors of newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke: a cohort study
Authors: Bugnicourt J.‐M. , Flament M. , Guillaumont M.‐P. , Chillon J.‐M. , Leclercq C. , Canaple S. , Lamy C. , Godefroy O. 
Published: November 2012

Background and purposeA significant proportion of cryptogenic ischaemic strokes are due to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). As paroxysmal AF appears to inexorably progress to persistent or permanent AF, this study with long‐term follow‐up was designed to establish the profile of patients who developed AF after hospital discharge.MethodsAll patients with cryptogenic ischaemic stroke over a 1‐year period were included (n = 164). Patients were prospectively followed up at the outpatient clinic. Information on long‐term outcome included the presence of newly diagnosed AF (NDAF). A specific NDAF assessment was performed at least 2 years after the index stroke using a structured telephone interview. Baseline clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic data of these patients were retrospectively recorded. Independent predictive factors were then used to produce a predictive grading score for NDAF, derived by logistic regression analysis.ResultsWith a median follow‐up of 854 days, 22 cases of NDAF (13%) were observed. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with NDAF were age ≥72 years (two points), history of coronary artery disease (one point) or stroke (one point), and left atrial area ≥16 cm2 (two points) (total score ranging from 0 to 6). Patients with a score ≤1 point did not have NDAF during follow‐up.ConclusionsIn cryptogenic ischaemic stroke, the NDAF score can be used to target patients at high risk of developing AF after hospital discharge, as a score of 0–1 was highly predictive of the absence of NDAF during follow‐up. These results need to be confirmed in prospective studies.
Deep subcortical infarct burden in relation to apolipoprotein B/AI ratio in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis
Authors: Park J.‐H. , Hong K.‐S. , Lee J. , Kim Y.‐J. , Song P. 
Published: November 2012

Background and purposePre‐existing brain infarct (PBI), frequently seen on magnetic resonance imaging and usually silent, is recognized as a risk factor for future stroke. Increased apolipoprotein B (apoB)/apoAI ratio is known to be a risk predictor of ischaemic stroke and is associated with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). However, little is known about the association of apoB/apoAI ratio with PBI.MethodsA total of 522 statin‐/fibrate‐naïve Korean patients, who experienced acute ischaemic stroke, were categorized into three groups: ICAS (n = 254), extracranial (n = 51), and no cerebral atherosclerotic stenosis (n = 217). We explored the association between apoB/apoAI ratio and PBI lesions according to atherosclerosis type (ICAS, ECAS, and NCAS), PBI location (deep subcortical [ds‐PBI] versus hemispheric [h‐PBI]), and symptomatic PBI (s‐PBI) which was relevant to a prior clinical stroke event.ResultsPre‐existing brain infarct(+) patients showed a higher apoB/apoAI ratio than PBI(−) patients (0.81 ± 0.28 vs. 0.72 ± 0.23, P < 0.001). In ICAS group, patients with higher apoB/apoAI ratio quartiles had more PBIs, ds‐PBIs, and s‐PBIs (P = 0.020, P = 0.025, and P = 0.001, respectively). With multivariable analyses, the highest apoB/apoAI ratio quartile was associated with PBI (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.39–4.73), ds‐PBI (2.48; 1.33–4.62), and advanced (≥3) ds‐PBIs (2.68; 1.27–5.63) in ICAS group, but not with h‐PBI. s‐PBI had a dose–response relationship with apoB/apoAI ratio quartiles (6.18; 1.31–29.13 for the second; 5.34; 1.06–26.83 for the third; and 12.17; 2.50–59.19 for the fourth quartile), when referenced to the first quartile.ConclusionApoB/apoAI ratio is associated with asymptomatic deep subcortical ischaemic burden as well as with symptomatic lesion in patients with ICAS.
Pharmacological blockade of TRPV1 receptors modulates the effects of 6‐OHDA on motor and cognitive functions in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Razavinasab Moazamehosadat , Shamsizadeh Ali , Shabani Mohammad , Nazeri Masoud , Allahtavakoli Mohammad , Asadi‐Shekaari Majid , Esmaeli‐Mahani Saeed , Sheibani Vahid 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTRPV1 receptors and cannabinoid system are considered as important modulators of basal ganglia functions, and their pharmacologic manipulation represents a promising therapy to alleviate Parkinson‐induced hypokinesia. Recent evidence suggests that the blockade of cannabinoid receptors might be beneficial to alleviate motor deficits observed in Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of AMG9810, a selective antagonist of TRPV1 receptors, on the motor and cognitive functions in a rat model of Parkinson's disease generated by an intracerebroventricular injection of 6‐ hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) (200 μg per animal). The injection of 10 nmol of AMG9810 for a single dose (AMG1) and for 2 weeks (AMG14) partially attenuated the hypokinesia shown by these animals in motor function evaluation tests, whereas chronic administration of AMG had destructive effects on learning and memory in 6‐OHDA‐treated rats. Animals in the AMG 1 and AMG 14 groups showed an increased latency to fall in rotarod and grasping tests in each trials compared with 6‐OHDA‐treated rats (P < 0.01) and DMSO 1 and 14 groups (P < 0.05). Our data indicate that pharmacological blockade of TRPV1 receptors by AMG 9810 attenuates the hypokinetic effects of 6‐OHDA and that TRPV1 receptors play an important role in 6‐OHDA‐induced hypokinesia, athough elucidation of the neurochemical substrate involved in this process remains a major challenge for the future.