bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-13Rα2-bearing, type II NKT cells reactive to sulfatide self-antigen populate the mucosa of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Fuss Ivan J , Joshi Bharat , Yang Zhiqiong , Degheidy Heba , Fichtner-Feigl Stefan , de Souza Heitor , Rieder Florian , Scaldaferri Franco , Schirbel Anja , Scarpa Melania , West Gail , Yi Chuli , Xu Lili , Leland Pamela , Yao Michael , Mannon Peter , Puri Raj K , Fiocchi Claudio , Strober Warren 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivePrevious studies have shown that ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with the presence of lamina propria non-invariant (Type II) NKT cells producing IL-13 and mediating epithelial cell cytotoxicity. Here we sought to define the antigen(s) stimulating the NKT cells and to quantitate these cells in the UC lamina propria.DesignDetection of Type II NKT cells in UC lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) with lyso-sulfatide loaded tetramer and quantum dot-based flow cytometry and staining. Culture of UC LPMCs with lyso-sulfatide glycolipid to determine sulfatide induction of epithelial cell cytotoxicity, IL-13 production and IL-13Rα2 expression. Blinded quantum dot-based phenotypic analysis to assess UC LPMC expression of IL-13Rα2, CD161 and IL-13.ResultsApproximately 36% of UC LPMC were lyso-sulfatide tetramer positive, whereas few, if any, control LPMCs were positive. When tested, the positive cells were also CD3 and IL-13Rα2 positive. Culture of UC LPMC with lyso-sulfatide glycolipid showed that sulfatide stimulates UC LPMC production of IL-13 and induces UC CD161 LPMC-mediated cytotoxicity of activated epithelial cells; additionally, lyso-sulfatide induces enhanced expression of IL-13Rα2. Finally, blinded phenotypic analysis of UC LP MC using multicolour quantum dot-staining technology showed that approximately 60% of the LPMC bear both IL-13Rα2 and CD161 and most of these cells also produce IL-13.ConclusionsThese studies show that UC lamina propria is replete with Type II NKT cells responsive to lyso-sulfatide glycolipid and bearing IL-13Rα2. Since lyso-sulfatide is a self-antigen, these data suggest that an autoimmune response is involved in UC pathogenesis.
Informing policy on open water drowning prevention: an observational survey of life jacket use in Washington state
Authors: Chung Celeste , Quan Linda , Bennett Elizabeth , Kernic Mary A , Ebel Beth E 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo assess life jacket use among Washington State boaters and to examine the relationship between life jacket use and boating laws.MethodsA statewide observational survey of boaters was conducted between August 2010 and September 2010. Data collection included age, sex, life jacket use, boat type, and weather and water conditions.ResultsAmong 5157 boaters, 30.7% wore life jackets. Life jacket use was highest among groups required by state law: personal watercraft users (96.8%), people being towed (eg, water-skiers) (95.3%) and children 0–12 years old (81.7%). Children and youth were more likely to use a life jacket if any adult in the boat wore a life jacket: 100% versus 87.2% for 0–5 years, 92.8% versus 76.7% for 6–12 years and 81.4% versus 36.1% for 13–17 years. Adult role modelling was particularly beneficial for adolescents aged 13–17 years, who were not covered by a life jacket law. In multivariable analysis, the presence of at least one adult wearing a life jacket was associated with a 20-fold increased likelihood that adolescents were also wearing a life jacket.ConclusionsHighest life jacket use was strongly associated with laws requiring use and with adult role modelling. Legislation requiring life jackets for ages 13–17 years and social marketing encouraging adult life jacket wear in the company of children and youth are promising strategies to increase life jacket use in Washington State.
A microprogrammed digital vocoder analyzer
Authors: Ancona Enrico I. 
Published: February 2014

In order to demonstrate the feasibility of using small, general-purpose, microprogrammed computers for real-time digital signal processing, the application of the LX-1 microprocessor as a digital vocoder was investigated. The advantages of using a microprogrammed processor rather than special-purpose hardware for this application are the lower cost of such a general-purpose computer and the flexibility provided by the ability to change the microprogram.
The paper describes an implementation of the spectrum analyzer portion of the vocoder and its operation on the LX-1 simulator. The results show that real-time operation of the spectrum analyzer on the LX-1 prototype (with 70 nsec cycle time) could be expected with minimal additional hardware: a 200-sample input buffer and a fast multiplier.
Moreover, the proposed LSI version of LX-1 could be operated in half duplex mode for both analysis and synthesis, or to process several input channels.
Effects of Central Injection of Anti-LPS Antibody and Blockade of TLR4 on GnRH/LH Secretion during Immunological Stress in Anestrous Ewes
Authors: Haziak Karolina , Herman Andrzej Przemysław , Tomaszewska-Zaremba Dorota 
Published: February 2014

The present study was designed to examine the effect of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of antilipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibody and blockade of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) during immune stress induced by intravenous (iv) LPS injection on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone/luteinizing hormone (GnRH/LH) secretion in anestrous ewes. Injection of anti-LPS antibody and TLR4 blockade significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the LPS dependent lowering amount ofGnRHmRNA in the median eminence (ME). Moreover, blockade of TLR4 caused restoration ofLH-βtranscription in the anterior pituitary decreased by the immune stress. However, there was no effect of this treatment on reduced LH release. The results of our study showed that the blockade of TLR4 receptor in the hypothalamus is not sufficient to unblock the release of LH suppressed by the immune/inflammatory challenges. This suggests that during inflammation the LH secretion could be inhibited directly at the pituitary level by peripheral factors such as proinflammatory cytokines and circulating endotoxin as well.
β-Catenin Inhibitor ICAT Modulates the Invasive Motility of Melanoma Cells
Authors: Domingues Mélanie J. , Rambow Florian , Job Bastien , Papon Laura , Liu Wanguo , Larue Lionel , Bonaventure Jacky 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Inhibitor of β-catenin and TCF (ICAT) inhibits β-catenin transcriptional activity by competing with T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor. We documented high ICAT levels in human melanoma cells, in which β-catenin signaling is frequently deregulated, finding a correlation with the capacity to form metastases in nude mice. Ectopic expression of ICAT in melanoma cells did not affect their proliferation but increased cell motility and Matrigel invasion of metastatic cells in a manner relying upon stable ICAT–β-catenin interaction. This effect was associated with conversion of an elongated/mesenchymal phenotype to a round/amoeboid phenotype in the absence of similar effects on elongated morphology of nonmetastatic melanoma cells. Transition from mesenchymal to amoeboid movement was associated with decreased levels of NEDD9 and activated Rac1, a positive regulator of mesenchymal movement. Ectopic ICAT promoted colonization of melanoma cells in the lungs of nude mice, suggesting an increase in metastatic potential. Together, our results showed that by downregulating Rac signaling in metastatic melanoma cells, ICAT increased their invasive motility by promoting a morphologic variation that facilitates a favorable adaptation to their microenvironment. Cancer Res; 74(7); 1983–95. ©2014 AACR.
Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Pillai Rathi N. , Ramalingam Suresh S. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The diagnostic and therapeutic landscape of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has changed dramatically in the past 50 years since the Surgeon General's report on smoking and lung cancer. Early detection is now a reality for lung cancer. The use of low-dose computed tomography scans for early detection decreases mortality and is beginning to be used in routine clinical practice. Technological advances such as positron emission tomography and endobronchial ultrasound have improved the accuracy of NSCLC staging. The cure rate for early-stage NSCLC has improved as a result of multimodality treatment approaches. The role of systemic therapy has also expanded to earlier stages of the disease. In recent years, the initial steps toward personalized medicine by utilization of targeted treatments based on tumor genotype have been undertaken. Emerging technological advances and greater insights into tumor biology are poised to greatly reduce the burden of lung cancer in the years to come. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(3); 557–64. ©2014 AACR.
Stenogram of the General Meeting of the Artists of the Union of
Soviet Artists of Moldovia (15 May, 1951)
Authors:   Union of Soviet Artists of Moldavia
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This stenogram was recorded at an artists' meeting that took place in 1951 in Kishinev (as the capital of today's Republic of Moldova was called in those days). The discussion among the members of the local Union of Artists—a new type of art organization that was implemented in Moldova after the advance of the Red Army westwards—revolves around the organization of their annual art exhibition of 1951. The text discloses some of the major issues and challenges faced by the members of this artist organization during the late Stalinist era.
Locating the Social and Mobile: A Case Study of Women’s Use of Kakao Social Mobile Media in Seoul
Authors: Hjorth Larissa 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe rise of locative, social, and mobile media in the form of smartphones has been as uneven as it has been dynamic. Given recent debates in global media about surveillance and location-based media, this paper provides some nuanced examples of how everyday smartphone users are reflecting upon location-based services within the smartphone convergence. In particular, this paper considers how the unique ways location-based services are, and are not, being taken up within a context once lauded for its new media uptake, South Korea. I consider some of the resistances to services such as geo-tagging that are partly informed by issues around corporate (Samsung) surveillance and also partly about a more prosaic view to sharing details via social mobile media.
The Internet and Taiwan’s New Civic Movement in the Information Age: Hung Chung-chiu’s Case (2013)
Authors: Hung Chin-fu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractUsing the case of the death of a 24-year old Taiwanese soldier, Hung Chung-chiu (洪仲丘), this article investigates the evolving phenomenon of Taiwan’s new civic movement that is highly mediated and empowered by Information and Communications Technologies (icts). Examining the case of a tragic death of Army Corporal Hung, this article argues that enhanced public engagement and awareness of citizens’ rights in the military will ultimately further strengthen Taiwan’s civil society and will eventual help consolidate Taiwan’s young democracy.
Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World: An Experiment in Real Exploration, Actual Travel, Constructed Worlds, and Emancipation (in/from Japan)
Authors: Goto-Jones Chris 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper experiments with the idea that travel writing could be a valid and useful mode through which to study certain videogames. By embracing the notions that space is a social construction and that the virtual worlds of some videogames constitute architectural spaces in a manner that is more than analogous to an urban space, it maintains that these constructed worlds are real places to visit, and hence that exploration within them is also real. Furthermore, the paper considers the ways in which travel in general, and travel in(to) videogames in particular, contributes to the experience of emancipation in technology-rich societies. Using the example of Japan (as one of the global powerhouses of videogame creation and consumption), the paper considers the interaction and intersection of the virtual and the actual, in mutually enriching and liberating ways, which are viewed in terms of their social and political function. It also cautions about the ethics and politics of knowledge involved in the deployment of travel writing as a method in the interrogation of videogames, concluding with a methodological sketch for a way ahead. It illustrates and demonstrates its argument with three original travelogues.
Comments on “Effect of Electric Charge on Collisions between Cloud Droplets”
Authors: Tinsley Brian A. , Zhou Limin 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFletcher’s simple model for the electric force between charged conducting spheres (with reference to cloud droplets) is compared with an exact model and also with another approximate model. His results for the charge ratio as a function of the distance at which the force of attraction changes to one of repulsion differs from that of the other treatments by a factor of 4 at large separations (where the effects of approximations should be negligible) and by a factor of 8 at small separations. The reasons for the discrepancy are explored, and the other treatments are found to be reliable. The attractive force is present for a much larger range of separations, and for more meteorologically plausible charge ratios, than in Fletcher’s results. The general results are discussed in the context of confounding effects of droplet inertia, which is the dominant factor in collisions unless there are very high droplet charges. Inertia is much less important for collisions of charged aerosol particles and cloud droplets, and an important application of models of electric-force calculations is in electrically enhanced scavenging in clouds that are weakly charged by current flow in the global atmospheric electric circuit.
Variability of Observed Energy Fluxes during Rain-on-Snow and Clear Sky Snowmelt in a Midlatitude Mountain Environment
Authors: Garvelmann J. , Pohl S. , Weiler M. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Hourly observations of 65 snow monitoring stations were used to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of the surface energy balance during snowmelt in the Black Forest region of southwestern Germany. The study focuses on two rain-on-snow (ROS) events in December 2012 and a clear sky period at the beginning of March 2013 using the same study locations. ROS and clear sky were chosen since they are completely different snowmelt conditions in terms of energy exchanges and dynamics. The results show that snowmelt was dominated by turbulent exchanges at the open field sites and by both turbulent exchanges and net longwave radiation in the forest during ROS. The energy available for snowmelt can be almost identical at open and forest locations during ROS, and a constant energy flux even during night was directed toward the snowpack. During the clear sky conditions, net shortwave radiation was the dominating term in the open, whereas net shortwave and net longwave radiation were most important in the forest. A diurnal signal with positive energy balance during daylight and negative energy balance in the night was observed, with considerably reduced energy available for snowmelt in the forest. Furthermore, the stratified sampling design revealed the strong influence of the canopy and the topography at the locations on the observed energy fluxes. Elevation, aspect, and leaf area index (LAI) were the most important predictor variables during ROS, whereas aspect and LAI were most influential during the clear sky period. The study highlights the distinct spatial variability of the individual energy balance terms over a relatively small area during the differing snowmelt conditions.
Correction of UVS-AB-T UV Radiometers Using a Radiative Transfer Model
Authors: Xia Dong , Tan Haobo , Chen Ling , Mo Weiqiang , Yuan Zhiyang , Gao Si 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObservation of UV radiation is of major importance to human health and to the calculation of photochemical reaction rates. However, the sensitivity of UV radiometers decays because of equipment aging. A correction method is therefore proposed by using a decrement formula that is approximately a quadratic function of time and is obtained by fitting the clear-sky observation data from an aged UVS-AB-T UV radiometer with the data simulated by the Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible (TUV) radiative transfer model. The corrected data from the older radiometer are verified by the data from another newer radiometer on selected clear-sky days. The results show a high correlation and a low bias between the radiometers, and the mean of the corrected data from the older radiometer is 94.5% of that from the newer radiometer. After a long time of use, the decrement of the observation data would increase dramatically and errors of the data after correction would still be significant. In Dongguan, China, a recommendation is made that a UV radiometer should not be used for more than 5 years when the decrement rate reaches 50%.
An Application of the Helmholtz Theorem in Extracting the Externally Induced Deformation Field from the Total Wind Field in a Limited Domain
Authors: Cao Jie , Ran Lingkun , Li Na 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA new application of the Helmholtz theorem that divides the horizontal wind into purely rotational, purely divergent, and harmonic deformational flow is put forward in this study. The formulas and methods, with consideration of avoiding the nonunique problem in solving the two Poisson equations with coupled boundary conditions, are constructed and tested for applicability and accuracy in an ideal experiment. Numerical tests show that the three extracted components together with the reconstructed wind almost recover the ideal fields by using the extended Helmholtz theorem, while other methods fail. The physical meaning of the extracted externally induced deformational flow is explained in the context of its connection to frontogenesis in a real weather event. It may provide potential usage in analyzing certain types of real weather.
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Provides Effective Relief as Observed by Health Care Use Pre‐ and Postoperatively
Authors: Benninger Michael S. , Holy Chantal E. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo analyze the impact of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on overall health care utilization for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study DesignRetrospective administrative database analysis.SettingAll US‐based primary and secondary sites of care.Subjects and MethodsA cohort of patients with ESS (Current Procedural Terminology codes 31254‐31288) in 2008 and at least 5 years of continuous medical and drug plan enrollment were included (n = 9105). Inpatient and outpatient medical history (including prescriptions) was analyzed from weeks −104 to +104 postoperatively.ResultsHealth care utilization was constant up to −6 months preoperatively, at a per‐patient per‐week (PPPW) average of $11.75 (prescriptions, $2.44 [95% confidence interval (CI), $2.32‐$2.56]; inpatient care, $ 0.82 [95% CI, $ 0.43‐$1.20]; outpatient care, $8.49 [95% CI, $7.90‐$9.08]). At −26 weeks preoperatively, a continuous increase from baseline levels was observed up to week −3, reaching an average PPPW of $95.37 (prescriptions, $13.74 [95% CI, $12.51‐$14.96]; inpatient care, $2.73 [95% CI, $1.76‐$3.70]; and outpatient care, $78.90 [95% CI, 73.65‐$84.14]). From week −3 to surgery, outpatient events and prescriptions increased significantly, suggesting a decision to operate and costs associated with preoperative management. Postoperatively, costs declined rapidly, reaching baseline levels by 13 weeks postoperatively. Adverse events were reported in 388 patients (2.94% cases of hemorrhage, 0.14% cases of cerebrospinal fluid leak, 0.58% cases of orbital complications), and 572 (6.28%) patients had revision surgery.ConclusionPatients with CRS incur ongoing, baseline levels of health care utilization. Preoperatively, CRS‐related health care needs are more than 8‐fold greater than those at baseline. Following ESS, health care needs declined rapidly and reached baseline levels within 13 weeks postoperatively.
Capn4 mRNA level is correlated with tumour progression and clinical outcome in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhuang Qianfeng , Qian Xi , Cao Yunjie , Fan Min , Xu Xianlin , He Xiaozhou 
Published: February 2014

Objective To investigate the mRNA and protein levels of calpain small subunit-1 (Capn4) in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), to analyse the relationship between Capn4 mRNA level and pathological stage of ccRCC, and to examine the potential of Capn4 as a prognostic factor in ccRCC. Methods mRNA and protein levels of Capn4 were measured in pairs of tumour tissues and matched adjacent nontumour tissue obtained from patients with ccRCC by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Associations of the mRNA level of Capn4 with pathological tumour stage and the overall survival of ccRCC patients were also analysed. Results Capn4 mRNA and protein level were significantly higher in ccRCC tumour tissues compared with adjacent nontumour tissues as assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Higher Capn4 mRNA levels were observed in patients with more advanced pathological stage of ccRCC and were also associated with decreased overall survival of patients with ccRCC. Conclusions The findings from this study indicate that Capn4 has the potential to be an independent prognostic indicator for ccRCC.
Influence of goal-directed therapy with balanced crystalloid–colloid or unbalanced crystalloid solution on base excess
Authors: Krebbel Holger , Feldheiser Aarne , Müller Olga , Boemke Willehad , Sander Michael , Perka Carsten , Wernecke Klaus-Dieter , Spies Claudia 
Published: February 2014

Objective To investigate changes in standard base excess (SBE) when administering two different infusion regimens for elective hip replacement within a goal-directed haemodynamic algorithm. Methods This prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled study enrolled patients scheduled for primary hip replacement surgery, who were randomized to receive either an unbalanced crystalloid (chloride: 155.5 mmol/l) or a 1 : 1 mixture of a balanced crystalloid and a balanced colloid (6% w/v hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42; chloride: 98 and 112 mmol/l, respectively). Fluid management was goal-directed to optimize stroke volume using oesophageal Doppler. Results A total of 40 patients (19 female/21 male) participated in the study. After surgery, median (25–75% percentiles) SBE was significantly lower in the unbalanced group compared with the balanced group: −2.0 mmol/l (−3.1 to −1.1) versus −0.4 mmol/l (−1.2 to 0.7), respectively. This difference was mainly due to greater plasma chloride concentrations in the unbalanced group. The amount of study medication required to reach haemodynamic stability (median 1200 ml) did not differ between the two groups. Conclusion SBE decreased in the unbalanced group without influence on fluid requirements and haemodynamic stability.