bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SAGA Complex Components and Acetate Repression inAspergillus nidulans
Authors: Georgakopoulos Paraskevi , Lockington Robin A , Kelly Joan M 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAlongside the well-established carbon catabolite repression by glucose and other sugars, acetate causes repression in Aspergillus nidulans. Mutations in creA, encoding the transcriptional repressor involved in glucose repression, also affect acetate repression, but mutations in creB or creC, encoding components of a deubiquitination system, do not. To understand the effects of acetate, we used a mutational screen that was similar to screens that uncovered mutations in creA, creB, and creC, except that glucose was replaced by acetate to identify mutations that were affected for repression by acetate but not by glucose. We uncovered mutations in acdX, homologous to the yeast SAGA component gene SPT8, which in growth tests showed derepression for acetate repression but not for glucose repression. We also made mutations in sptC, homologous to the yeast SAGA component gene SPT3, which showed a similar phenotype. We found that acetate repression is complex, and analysis of facA mutations (lacking acetyl CoA synthetase) indicates that acetate metabolism is required for repression of some systems (proline metabolism) but not for others (acetamide metabolism). Although plate tests indicated that acdX- and sptC-null mutations led to derepressed alcohol dehydrogenase activity, reverse-transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed no derepression of alcA or aldA but rather elevated induced levels. Our results indicate that acetate repression is due to repression via CreA together with metabolic changes rather than due to an independent regulatory control mechanism.
Maintaining Sufficient Nanos Is a Critical Function forPolar Granule Componentin the Specification of Primordial Germ Cells
Authors: Deshpande Girish , Spady Emma , Goodhouse Joe , Schedl Paul 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPrimordial germ cells (PGC) are the precursors of germline stem cells. In Drosophila, PGC specification is thought to require transcriptional quiescence and three genes, polar granule component (pgc), nanos (nos), and germ cell less (gcl) function to downregulate Pol II transcription. While it is not understood how nos or gcl represses transcription, pgc does so by inhibiting the transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which is responsible for phosphorylating Ser2 residues in the heptad repeat of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. In the studies reported here, we demonstrate that nos are a critical regulatory target of pgc. We show that a substantial fraction of the PGCs in pgc embryos have greatly reduced levels of Nos protein and exhibit phenotypes characteristic of nos PGCs. Lastly, restoring germ cell–specific expression of Nos is sufficient to ameliorate the pgc phenotype.
Autism After Infection, Febrile Episodes, and Antibiotic Use During Pregnancy: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Atladóttir Hjördis Ósk , Henriksen Tine Brink , Schendel Diana E. , Parner Erik T. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVES:
Results of animal studies suggest that maternal immune activation during pregnancy causes deficiencies in fetal neurodevelopment. Infectious disease is the most common path to maternal immune activation during pregnancy. The goal of this study was to determine the occurrence of common infections, febrile episodes, and use of antibiotics reported by the mother during pregnancy and the risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and infantile autism in the offspring.

METHODS:
We used a population-based cohort consisting of 96 736 children aged 8 to 14 years and born from 1997 to 2003 in Denmark. Information on infection, febrile episodes, and use of antibiotics was self-reported through telephone interviews during pregnancy and early postpartum. Diagnoses of ASD and infantile autism were retrieved from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register; 976 children (1%) from the cohort were diagnosed with ASD.

RESULTS:
Overall, we found little evidence that various types of mild common infectious diseases or febrile episodes during pregnancy were associated with ASD/infantile autism. However, our data suggest that maternal influenza infection was associated with a twofold increased risk of infantile autism, prolonged episodes of fever caused a threefold increased risk of infantile autism, and use of various antibiotics during pregnancy were potential risk factors for ASD/infantile autism.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results do not suggest that mild infections, febrile episodes, or use of antibiotics during pregnancy are strong risk factors for ASD/infantile autism. The results may be due to multiple testing; the few positive findings are potential chance findings.
Agri-food in search of sustainability: cognitive, interactional and material framing
Authors: Zwartkruis Joyce V. , Moors Ellen H.M. , Farla Jacco C.M. , van Lente Harro 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The agri-food sector is under pressure to move towards sustainability and broad socio-technical changes are needed. In such encompassing innovation processes that concern the whole agri-food chain, actors with different institutional backgrounds are confronted with each others interests, ideas and perspectives. Framing, then, may both support and hinder the alignment of actors and interests. In this paper we investigate how framing occurs in multi-actor innovation projects and how it facilitates or hinders the continuity of these projects. We first review the broad literature on framing, which leads to a typology of three levels of framing: face-to-face interaction (between individuals), global discourse (within society) and localised collective (in projects). In addition, we add a third category to the traditional distinction between ‘cognitive’ and ‘interactional’ framing. We argue that in socio-technical innovations also ‘material’ framing occurs. In an empirical case study, based on in-depth interviews and document analysis of the Roundel project (2004-2010), a Dutch innovation project aimed at sustainable egg production and marketing, we trace and analyse these different forms of framing. The project survived several critical episodes, due to changes in framing. Our study yields general lessons about framing in complex innovation projects, both conceptual and practical.
Emerging strategic corporate social responsibility partnership initiatives in agribusiness: the case of the sustainable agriculture initiative
Authors: Poetz Katharina , Haas Rainer , Balzarova Michaela 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Over the past 20 years the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has gained momentum in business practices and strategies. In the agribusiness sector, the need for CSR integration has recently triggered a number of private sector led initiatives that should contribute to sustainable agricultural practices. Consequently we emphasize that for managing innovation processes for sustainability and their institutional context, the food sustainability discourse also needs to investigate the state of the art of CSR in agribusiness. Based on a model to compare and contrast accountability standards we analyse the Sustainable Agriculture Initiative (SAI) platform and its principles. We conclude that over the past 5 years agribusiness corporations have become more pro-active in addressing sustainability concerns, and mainstream initiatives start to compete with the traditional niche markets. The SAI was founded by three big players in the food industry, and represents a global initiative among a number of private-sector driven institutional innovations for the sustainability transformation of the mainstream parts of the sector. In order to evaluate and exploit their potential for sustainable development, we advise scholars, policy makers, and managers to not only address questions about legitimacy and stakeholder involvement, but also take strategic objectives into account.
Anorexia Nervosa in
DSM-5
Authors: Freidl Eve K. , Hoek Hans W. , Attia Evelyn 
Published: November 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Describe the core clinical features of anorexia nervosa (AN).

2.

Understand the concerns surrounding the
DSM-IV
criteria for AN.

3.

Delineate the changes in the diagnostic criteria for AN recommended for
DSM-5
.

The clinical descriptions of anorexia nervosa by Richard Morton in 1689 remains remarkably similar to the condition we recognize as anorexia nervosa today.
1
In fact, the medical history of Mary, Queen of Scots, born in 1542, is thought to be compatible with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.
2
Correlation Between Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Visual Field Sensitivity: Diffuse Atrophy Imaging Study
Authors: Kim Seok Hwan , Jeoung Jin Wook , Park Ki Ho , Kim Tae-Woo , Kim Dong Myung 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To identify the correlation between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and visual field sensitivity in healthy eyes with preperimetric and perimetric glaucoma and to estimate the functional RNFL loss in eyes with pre-perimetric glaucoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
One hundred and two eyes with glaucoma and diffuse RNFL atrophy and 102 healthy eyes were enrolled. The correlation between optical coherence tomography (OCT)-measured RNFL thickness of the superior (clock-hour segments 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, and 3) and inferior (clock-hour segments 5, 6, 7, and 8) area and the average total deviations of the inferior and superior hemifields in standard automated perimetry (SAP) were evaluated using the simple linear model, respectively. The OCT-measured RNFL thickness was assumed to comprise functional and residual thicknesses; the residual thickness was calculated from the simple linear model and the eyes with severe diffuse RNFL atrophy. Functional RNFL thickness was compared between groups.

RESULTS:

Twenty-seven eyes had preperimetric and 75 eyes had perimetric glaucoma. The coefficient of determination (R
2
) of the simple linear model was 0.71 to 0.77 for the correlation between RNFL thickness and total deviation of SAP. The estimated residual thickness was 50.4 to 56.5 μm. On comparison with normal eyes, eyes with preperimetric glaucoma were estimated to have 37% to 41% functional RNFL loss.

CONCLUSION:
The correlation between RNFL thickness and SAP sensitivity was well explained by the simple linear model. Approximately 40% loss of the functional RNFL was found in preperimetric glaucoma.
Contrast Sensitivity and Color Vision in Eyes With Retinitis Pigmentosa and Good Visual Acuity: Correlations With SD-OCT Findings
Authors: Yioti Georgia G. , Kalogeropoulos Chris D. , Aspiotis Miltiadis B. , Stefaniotou Maria I. 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the morphological substrate of the changes in visual function in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa and good visual acuity using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A total of 30 eyes of 17 patients with retinitis pigmentosa and visual acuity of 20/40 or better underwent contrast sensitivity and color vision testing. The retinal thickness at the fovea and macula and the length of the photoreceptor inner/outer segment (IS/OS) junction were assessed by SD-OCT. Structural-functional correlations were investigated.

RESULTS:

Contrast sensitivity correlated well with IS/OS length (Spearman r = 0.719,
P
< .001) and foveal thickness (r = 0.672,
P
< .001) and moderately with macular thickness (r = 0.422,
P
= .025). Moreover, color vision correlated significantly with IS/OS length (r = −0.725,
P
< .001) and foveal thickness (r = −0.661,
P
< .001).

CONCLUSION:
In eyes with retinitis pigmentosa and good visual acuity, the structural changes observed on OCT scans correspond well to subtle measures of central visual function, complementary to visual acuity testing.
Dynamic Gonioscopy Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Matonti Frederic , Chazalon Elodie , Trichet Elodie , Khaled El Samak , Denis Danièle , Hoffart Louis 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe the use of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in studying the dynamic changes of the anterior chamber angle by corneal indentation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In a prospective observational study, the anterior segments of 21 eyes were imaged using AS-OCT. After the initial scan, a second scan was executed on the same areas with a central corneal indentation. An evaluation of the reopening of the angle and its measurement were performed.

RESULTS:
With AS-OCT, the indirect signs were accurate enough to guide the diagnosis in all plateau iris confirmed by ultrabiomicroscopy. The angle widths were significantly increased after indentation.

CONCLUSION:
This method would appear to offer a convenient and rapid method of assessing the configuration of the anterior chamber; it may help during the routine clinical assessment and treatment of patients with narrow or closed angles, particularly when gonioscopy is difficult to interpret.
Rates of Abnormal Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell Layer OCT Scans in Healthy Myopic Eyes: Cirrus Versus RTVue
Authors: Mwanza Jean-Claude , Sayyad Fouad E. , Aref Ahmad A. , Budenz Donald L. 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare rates of abnormal peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell layer scans acquired with Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA) and RTVue-100 (Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA) in healthy myopic eyes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Forty-one non-glaucomatous myopic eyes (41 individuals) were scanned with Cirrus to measure RNFL and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and with RTVue to measure peripapillary RNFL and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thicknesses. Rates of abnormal scans were calculated and compared between devices. Inter-device agreement in falsely classifying scans as abnormal was also assessed.

RESULTS:

The rate of abnormal average and four-quadrant RNFL was 4.8% to 7.3% on Cirrus and 2.4% to 9.7% on RTVue (
P
> .05). The overall rate of abnormal scans was 19.2% on Cirrus and 29.3% on RTVue (
P
= .3). Rates of abnormal Cirrus average and segmental GCIPL (12.2% to 17%) were similar to those of RTVue average and segmental GCC (9.7% to 14.6%) (
P
> .05). The overall rate of abnormal GCIPL (36.6%) was higher than that of GCC (14.6%) (
P
= .023). The inter-device agreement was poor for average RNFL (κ = −0.09), very good for average ganglion cell (κ = 0.81), and fair for overall RNFL (κ = 0.35) and overall ganglion cell (κ = 0.34).

CONCLUSION:
The high rates of abnormal RNFL and ganglion cell layer scans on both devices call for caution, particularly when attempting to diagnose glaucoma in myopic eyes using these devices. The RNFL and ganglion cell layer analyses may not be interchangeable on either of these devices. These two devices are not interchangeable for classifying healthy myopic eyes based on RNFL or ganglion cell layer analysis.
Intraoperative Use of AS-OCT During Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segment Implantation
Authors: Kucumen Raciha Beril , Gorgun Ebru , Yenerel Nursal Melda , Utine Canan Asli 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate femtosecond laser-created tunnels intraoperatively by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) during intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The study prospectively examined 13 eyes of 11 patients who underwent intrastromal corneal ring segment surgery with the aid of femtosecond laser. All eyes had keratoconus as the primary diagnosis. Eyes were examined by AS-OCT to image the tunnel immediately after femtosecond laser and before ring segment implantation. Tunnel depth was calculated automatically using the software’s flap tool and calipers.

RESULTS:
The presence of air bubbles demonstrated the tunnel successfully by AS-OCT. Tunnel depth was measured at eight locations in four cross-sections of high-resolution cornea images. An overall evaluation was also made by changing the scan direction 360°. After confirmation that a uniform tunnel was satisfactorily created at the aimed depth, surgery proceeded with segment implantation.

CONCLUSION:
AS-OCT can be used intraoperatively to assess femtosecond laser-created tunnel in intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the intrastromal tunnel by AS-OCT before implantation of the ring segments is a practical intraoperative approach that may offer a safer surgery.
Evidence of Songbird Intoxication From Rozol® Application at a Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Colony
Authors: Vyas Nimish B. , Hulse Craig S. , Meteyer Carol U. , Rice Clifford P. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Concerns about avian poisonings from anticoagulant rodenticides have traditionally focused on secondary poisoning of raptors exposed by feeding on contaminated mammalian prey. However, ground foraging songbirds can be directly poisoned from operational applications of the anticoagulant rodenticide Rozol® (0.005% chlorophacinone, active ingredient) applied as a grain bait, at black-tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus colonies. A dead western meadowlark Sturnella neglecta recovered from the study prairie dog colony displayed hemorrhaging in brain and pectoral muscle tissue, and it contained chlorophacinone residue concentrations of 0.59 and 0.49 µg/g (wet weight) in the liver and intestinal contents, respectively. Chlorophacinone residues from two Rozol-colored songbird droppings found at the study colony were 0.09 and 0.46 µg/g (wet weight). The timing of the meadowlark mortality and the occurrence of discolored droppings show that songbird exposure and poisoning can occur weeks after a Rozol application.
Cutting Edge: B Cells Are Essential for Protective Immunity against Salmonella Independent of Antibody Secretion
Authors: Nanton Minelva R. , Way Sing Sing , Shlomchik Mark J. , McSorley Stephen J. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Typhoid fever and nontyphoidal bacteremia caused by Salmonella remain critical human health problems. B cells are required for protective immunity to Salmonella, but the mechanism of protection remains unclear. In this study, we immunized wild-type, B cell–deficient, Ab-deficient, and class-switched Ab-deficient mice with attenuated Salmonella and examined protection against secondary infection. As expected, wild-type mice were protected and B cell–deficient mice succumbed to secondary infection. Interestingly, mice with B cells but lacking secreted Ab or class-switched Ab had little deficiency in resistance to Salmonella infection. The susceptibility of B cell–deficient mice correlated with marked reductions in CD4 T cell IFN-γ production after secondary infection. Taken together, these data suggest that the primary role of B cells in acquired immunity to Salmonella is via the development of protective T cell immunity.
Capalictus, a new subgenus of Lasioglossum Curtis 1833 from South Africa, with description of three new species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae)
Authors: Pauly Alain , Gibbs Jason , Kuhlmann Michael 
Published: November 2012

Capalictus, a new subgenus of Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halic-tidae), endemic to the South African Cape Province, is described. The type species is Halictus mosselinus Cockerell, 1945. Evylaeus (Sellalictus) fynbosensis (Pauly et al., 2008) is a new junior synonym of L. (C.) mosselinum. Three new species are described: Lasioglossum (Capalictus) hantamense sp. nov., L. (C.) tigrinum sp. nov. and L. (C.) timmermanni sp. nov. DNA sequence data from three nuclear genes support morphologically-determined species limits. Capalictus is a basal clade of the Hemihalictus series of Lasioglossum.
The Lived Experience of Peripheral Neuropathy after Solid Organ Transplant
Authors: Textor Laura Hanssen , Hedrick Jane 
Published: November 2012

Background The immunosuppressants required after transplant cause peripheral neuropathy with an incidence of 10% to 60%. Peripheral neuropathy adversely affects health-related quality of life in other populations. Objective To describe the lived experience of peripheral neuropathy after solid organ transplant. Design A qualitative phenomenological study with semistructured interviews. A purposive sample of 7 solid organ transplant recipients with peripheral neuropathy was recruited from 2 transplant clinics at a large Midwest tertiary care center. Interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed line-byline and coded by using HyperResearch 2.0. Results Although participants' experiences were similar to those reported by others with peripheral neuropathy, there were also unique differences. Unique to this population was unexpected onset, rapid escalation of symptoms, lack of provider monitoring, and poor provider response to reported symptoms. Their experience demonstrated that peripheral neuropathy diminished health-related quality of life. Four themes emerged from the data: (1) nothing is supposed to happen after transplant; (2) neuropathy causes me more problems than my heart; (3) maybe there is something that could help; and (4) I've learned to live with certain limitations. Conclusion Development of or worsening of peripheral neuropathy after solid organ transplant may decrease health-related quality of life. Follow-up care should include vigilant monitoring for signs of peripheral neuropathy. Providers need to provide early treatment, education, support, empathy, and understanding.
An Ion‐Pair Immobilization Strategy in Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones
Authors: Xu Yulong , Cheng Tanyu , Long Jie , Liu Ketang , Qian Qingqian , Gao Fei , Liu Guohua , Li Hexing 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA chiral diamine‐based homogeneous cationic rhodium catalyst was developed and two heterogeneous cationic rhodium catalysts were obtained via the encapsulation of the homogeneous cationic rhodium catalyst within Me‐SBA‐15 and Me‐SBA‐16. All these catalysts presented excellent catalytic activities and high enantioselectivities in ultrasound‐promoted asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones and represent a successful use of the ion‐pair immobilization strategy. More importantly, the encapsulation of the cationic rhodium functionality within Me‐SBA‐16 had an obvious high recyclability, in which the recycled catalyst could be reused nine times without significantly affecting its enantioselectivity, showing good potential in industrial application.
Microwave‐Assisted One‐Step Synthesis of Acetophenones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Arylation of Vinyloxytrimethylsilane
Authors: Qian Wangke , Zhang Lei , Sun Haifeng , Jiang Hualiang , Liu Hong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe regiochemistry of the palladium‐mediated arylation (Heck arylation) of enol ethers is sensitive to the structure of the enol ether, the arylating agent and the catalytic system. In this study, an effective and practical method was successfully developed for the synthesis of acetophenones with high regioselectivity under palladium‐catalyzed conditions. A variety of acetophenones was readily prepared from aryl iodides in good to excellent yields under microwave irradiation in a single step. The key feature of our new protocol is the use of vinyloxytrimethylsilane as a highly regioselective acylation reagent.