bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Welchen Einfluss hat der Besuch unterschiedlicher Hochschultypen auf den frühen beruflichen Erfolg? Eine explorative Untersuchung
Authors: Zettler Ingo , Kramer Jochen , Thoemmes Felix , Nagy Gabriel , Trautwein Ulrich 
Published: January 2013

Im tertiären Ausbildungsbereich gibt es verschiedene Hochschultypen, die sich hinsichtlich wichtiger Aspekte wie z. B. der Bedeutung, fachlich-praktische Kompetenzen zu vermitteln, unterscheiden. Bislang liegen jedoch kaum Erkenntnisse dazu vor, ob und – falls ja – wie stark der Besuch unterschiedlicher Hochschultypen den Berufserfolg beeinflusst. In der hier vorgestellten Studie wurde explorativ untersucht, inwieweit sich Absolventen, insbesondere der Fachbereiche Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Technik, von der Dualen Hochschule Baden-Württemberg, Fachhochschulen sowie Universitäten am Anfang ihres Berufslebens in Hinblick auf (a) die Güte ihrer Arbeitsplatzmerkmale, (b) ihre Arbeits- und Lebenszufriedenheit, (c) ihre Verbundenheit gegenüber der Organisation bzw. der eigenen Karriere, (d) ihre berufliche Leistung sowie (e) Indikatoren des objektiven Berufserfolges voneinander unterscheiden. Bei einer Stichprobe mit 604 Selbst- sowie Kollegen- und Vorgesetzteneinschätzungen fanden sich, unterstützt durch Bayesianische Tests, keine Hinweise darauf, dass die Art des besuchten Hochschultyps Auswirkungen auf den frühen Berufserfolg hat.
Can Management Reduce Harvest Inequality in Recreational Fisheries?
Authors: Seekell David A. , Cline Timothy J. , Winchcombe Raymond J. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Harvest inequality, a situation in which most of the fish are harvested by a disproportionately small number of anglers, is a characteristic of most recreational fisheries. Harvest inequality develops when a few anglers harvest a very large number of fish or when many anglers harvest few fish. Identifying the cause of harvest inequality is critical to understanding the potential for management to reduce the inequality. Management efforts aimed at reducing the top anglers’ take will have only a modest impact if the harvest inequality is actually caused by many anglers harvesting no fish. We measured harvest inequality in 20 years of creel census data from a trout stream in southeastern New York. We calculated Lorenz curve asymmetry coefficients (S) to test whether harvest inequality was attributable to small harvests by many anglers or large harvests by a few anglers. Harvest inequality in the fishery was consistently high and the S-value was always less than 1.0, indicating that harvest inequality was caused by many anglers harvesting no fish rather than by few anglers harvesting many fish. This influence becomes stronger with increased harvest. We conclude that management is unlikely to influence the magnitudes of harvest inequality in recreational fisheries because regulations do not target the principal cause of harvest inequality.
Received May 10, 2012; accepted October 29, 2012
Risk Assessment and Prevention
Authors: Heide Kathleen M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis chapter presents recommendations designed to prevent parricides. These efforts are targeted at the severely abused parricide offender, the severely mentally ill offender, and the dangerously antisocial parricide offender. The discussions cover risk factors for parricide; intervention in cases of suspected child abuse; support and education programs for parents and future parents; the identification of child abuse and delineation of appropriate action; the immediate availability of a supportive network; the role of the media in preventing child maltreatment; and the availability of mental health services.
The “Less-Is-More” Effect in Group Decision Making
Authors: Luan Shenghua , Katsikopoulos Konstantinos V. , Reimer Torsten 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIf each member of a group makes less accurate decisions than those of another group, can the former actually make more accurate decisions collectively than the latter? Through four simulation studies, the chapter shows conditions under which such “less-is-more” effect may occur. In each study, a group member adopted either the take-the-best or the minimalist heuristic to make an individual decision, and a simple majority rule was then applied to determine the group decision. Although an individual using take-the-best can generally achieve higher decision accuracy than one using the minimalist, results in Study 1 show that the decision accuracy of a group of take-the-best individuals can be lower than that of a group of minimalist individuals in task environments where the distribution of cue validities is relatively flat. Similar less-is-more effects are found in Studies 2 and 3, where a group of less accurate individuals, due to either their usage of erroneous cue information or cue orders differing from cues' validity order, can outperform another group of more accurate individuals. Finally, the chapter compares the decision accuracy of five-member groups with varying compositions of take-the-best and minimalist members, and found that groups with either one or two take-the-best members can achieve the most robust performance across four task environments. Informational diversity and characteristics of task environments are the main factors underlying the observed less-is-more effects. Therefore, the chapter argues that to understand the rationality of group decision making, these two factors, in addition to the competency of group members, must be taken into consideration.
Introduction
Authors: Garvey Ellen Gruber 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to nineteenth-century scrapbooks. It describes how newspaper clipping scrapbooks served as a record of how people read and grappled with what they read; the people who made scrapbooks; the development of nineteenth-century newspaper clipping scrapbooks into today's photo-filled, family-centered scrapbooks; and nineteenth-century information management. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
Scrapbook as Archive, Scrapbooks in Archives
Authors: Garvey Ellen Gruber 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Although scrapbook making was a cheap, accessible practice that allowed people to create fixed arrangements of materials that mattered to them, this chapter shows that preservation in the larger bricks-and-mortar archive has been less democratically distributed. As institutions often preferred to “document the well documented,” the materials that people sought to save in the egalitarian archive of the scrapbook often vanished or lost connection to their makers.
The Afterlife of the Nineteenth-Century Scrapbook
Authors: Garvey Ellen Gruber 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates how scrapbooks led the way in materializing an understanding that information was detachable, movable, sortable, and not wedded to the context in which it had been published. Other technologies developed in the late nineteenth century for accessing newspaper articles again, and then for sorting and mining them to turn them into data to move information faster. Robert Budd, an African American entrepreneur in New York, created a newspaper storage establishment. His work highlights the difference between thinking of newspapers as material objects and as movable data. In the 1890s, clipping bureaus took over and industrialized the work of saving and sorting the press that individual scrapbook makers had previously done. Scrapbooks receded as an ideal means for keeping the massive quantities of clippings that the bureaus produced; clipping savers turned toward more flexible modes of sorting and filing by multiple subject headings that developed at the same time.
Blind Rule-Following
Authors: Boghossian Paul A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this chapter a new problem about rule-following is outlined, one that is distinct both from Kripke’s and Wright’s versions of the problem. This new problem cannot be correctly responsed to, as Kripke’s can, by invoking Wright’s Intentional Account of rule-following. The upshot might be called, following Kant, an antinomy of pure reason: we both must — and cannot — make sense of someone’s following a rule. The chapter explores various ways out of this antinomy without here endorsing any of them.
Expression, Truth, and Reality: Some Variations on Themes from Wright
Authors: Bar-On Dorit 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn several writings, Crispin Wright lists expressivism among the chief ‘anti-realist paradigms’, and an unsuccessful one at that. The success of expressivism at avoiding unwanted ontological commitments is purchased at the cost of denying that the relevant discourses ‘deal in truth-evaluable contents’. Yet Wright thinks that these discourses do possess truth-evaluability, since they exhibit all the ‘assertoric trappings’, which, on Wright’s minimalist conception, suffice for truth-aptitude and truth. The alliance standardly assumed to exist between expressivism, on the one hand, and the denial of truth-evaluability, as well as anti-realism, on the other, is unfortunate, though historically understandable. Following the neo-expressivist treatment of avowals in Bar-On (2004), this chapter explores the possibility of decoupling the core expressivist idea from the denial of truth-evaluability, and breaking its apparently necessary link to anti-realism. The result presents a viable option in various areas where philosophers have been drawn to expressivism — one which Wright himself may welcome.
Ø-exponence
Authors: Jochen Trommer 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Zero, especially under the heading of zero morphemes is one of the ideologically most loaded subjects in theoretical morphology and phonology. However, discussions of the topic suffer from partial terminological confusion since ‘zero morpheme’ is a notion which is not well-defined in realizational theories of morphology, and does hence not make technical sense in any major contemporary approach to morphology since these are all basically realizational. The goal of this chapter is to show that zero exponence is ubiquitous and central in current approaches to exponence with quite subtle differences between different frameworks, and to discuss the main restrictions on zero which have been proposed in the literature.
1 Ancient and Modern: The Grocery Trade in Early Modern England
Authors: Stobart Jon 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Chapter 1 explores the position of grocers and the grocery trade in the period preceding the arrival of new groceries in the middle decades of the seventeenth century. It begins by considering what defined a grocer during this period, arguing that they were defined both in terms of their specialism and stock, and by their mode of trading. This brought a great range of shopkeepers within this area of retail trade. Attention then shifts to long‐term shifts in the nature of grocers' business and stock‐in‐trade up to the seventeenth century, the widespread availability of novel or exotic goods during the early‐modern period suggesting an earlier and deeper penetration of consumer culture than has previously been suggested. Finally, consideration is given to the rise of so‐called colonial groceries and the motivations which underpinned their growing popularity amongst consumers of all social ranks.
3 From Colony to Counter: Networks of Supply
Authors: Stobart Jon 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This chapter begins by examining the operations of three key intermediaries in the groceries trade: the auctions of the East India Company; the illicit trade in tea, and provincial merchants, who supplied perhaps a narrower range, but significant quantities of goods. Shifts in the relative importance of these can tell us much about the changing supply options open to grocery retailers, but much more is revealed by a detailed examination of the business networks through which individual shopkeepers connected into these wider systems of supply. Drawing on network theory and new institutional economics, the chapter assesses the nature and durability of business relationships, and the role played by reputation and trust in establishing and maintaining such links. This provides a clearer insight the ability of established systems of supply to match growing demand with increasingly global networks of trade.
7 Exotic, Empire, or Everyday? Advertising Groceries
Authors: Stobart Jon 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This chapter examines the nature and importance of grocery advertising. The chapter consciously juxtaposes the form and content of trade cards and newspaper advertisements: the intensely visual imagery of trade cards with its emphasis of empire and the exotic contrasting with the more prosaic lists of goods and prices that characterise notices in newspapers. However, the picture was more complex than this simple dichotomy would allow, with the exotic and the everyday placed alongside one another in both forms of advertising. The consumer was thus simultaneously situated in a global‐imperial economy and their own consumption milieu. Examining these two contexts and the links between them thus provides a fuller insight into how groceries were perceived by shopkeepers and consumers. More generally, it tells us much about the active role of shopkeepers in shaping demand for what began as ‘new luxuries’ but which increasingly became everyday goods.
Decomposing the mass/count distinction: Evidence from languages that lack it
Authors: Wiltschko Martina 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis chapter establishes that not all languages have a grammaticized mass/count distinction and consequently we have to distinguish between ontological properties associated with nouns and categorical properties associated with a functional category dominating these nouns. It is argued that the categorical properties associated with the mass/count distinction are tied to a functional category identified as nominal inner aspect. This category can host the feature responsible for the mass/count distinction (i.e, [± bounded]). It is further shown that languages lacking a categorical mass/count distinction come in at least two varieties. They can lack the functional category which may host the [±bounded] feature (Halkomelem). Alternatively, they can associated a different feature with inner aspect. In particular, it is shown that in Blackfoot [±animate] associates with inner aspect. Consequently, in this language, it is animacy, rather than mass/count which serves as the nominal classification device.
On Sociomateriality
Authors: Faulkner Philip , Runde Jochen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis chapter examines the foundations of the emerging sociomateriality perspective via a critical analysis of three of its guiding themes: relationality, interpenetration, and “agential cuts.” The chapter argues that what its proponents have to say about relationality is largely unexceptional, but that their claims about the interpenetration of things are probably not sustainable outside a restricted range of cases. While the chapter accepts some aspects of the notion of agential cuts, the chapter qualifies some of the claims made about the extent to which the object world depends on the practices of “agencies of observation.”
Space Matters, But How?
Authors: Fayard Anne-Laure 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAs virtual organizing becomes more common and the boundaries between face-to-face and online interactions blur, developing a conceptualization of virtual space is crucial. This chapter discusses perspectives on space developed by philosophers, geographers, and sociologists to understand how they frame our understanding of virtual space. The chapter argues that, despite the geometrical definition of space as an extension or surface frequently found in the literature, virtual space is deeply material and continuously constructed through practices. The chapter illustrates the construction of virtual space with an interactive multimedia installation. The chapter builds upon Malpas's concept of place to suggest a definition of virtual space that recognizes its material and social dimensions as well as the multiplicity of practices and narratives involved in its enactment.
Theorizing Information Technology as a Material Artifact in Information Systems Research
Authors: Robey Daniel , Raymond Benoit , Anderson Chad 
Published: January 2013

AbstractResearch that includes information technology (IT) artifacts within its scope of focus (e.g., “computer impact” studies) often fails to engage adequately with the material properties of those IT artifacts. The result is a limited theoretical account of the relationship between IT and organizations and individuals. This chapter seeks to address that issue by tracing the disappearance of materiality from the concept of technology in organization theory and offering suggestions for meeting the challenge of carefully defining materiality concepts for IT (e.g., affordances), adapting them to a sociomaterial context, and including them in established theories commonly used in information systems (IS) research (e.g., adaptive structuration theory, organizational routines theory, theory of work–life boundary management).
Why Matter Always Matters in (Organizational) Communication
Authors: Cooren François , Fairhurst Gail , Huët Romain 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe so-called “linguistic turn” purportedly has allowed scholars to demonstrate why it seems so important to focus on language, discourse, and social interaction when studying organizational phenomena. However, it could be argued that it also led them to neglect some key aspects of the role material agency plays in organizational processes, a negligence that the more recent “material turn” could be said to be addressing. This chapter proposes to show, both theoretically and empirically, that analysts do not actually need to keep turning in one direction or another, that is, choose between materiality and discourse, so to speak, but that they should rather focus on the multiple ways by which various forms of reality (more or less material) come to do things and even express themselves in a given interaction.
Epigenetics and the Environmental Regulation of the Genome and Its Function
Authors: Meaney Michael J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThere are enduring effects of early experience on neural function. Such effects are often referred to under the rubric of “developmental programming.” This chapter reviews the emerging evidence for epigenetics as a candidate mechanism for such effects. Epigenetics refers to functionally relevant modifications to the genome that do not involve a change in nucleotide sequence and focuses on the study chemical modifications to chromatin that regulate transcription at specific genomic sites. Environmental events can directly modify the epigenetic states. Studies with rodent models suggest that during both early development and in adult life, environmental signals activate intracellular pathways that directly remodel the “epigenome,” leading to changes in gene expression and neural function. While essentially correlational, clinical studies implicate epigenetic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of human disease. These studies define a biological basis for the interplay between environmental signals and the genome in the regulation of individual differences in neural function.
The Neurobiological Basis of Empathy and Its Development in the Context of Our Evolutionary Heritage
Authors: Nelson Eric E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEmpathy, or the ability to share feeling states with other individuals, is an important aspect of affiliative, prosocial behavior in modern-day humans. At a neurobiological level, empathic responding is thought to reflect activity within distinct neural circuits subserving other social processes such as understanding person-specific experiences (theory of mind) and reflexive activation of observed experiences in others (mirror neurons). These circuits likely underwent a great deal of elaboration in the environment of evolutionary adaptedness. Evidence suggests that these same empathic behaviors and brain circuits also undergo dramatic change within individuals as they develop and may be influenced by interactive and contextual variation across development. This chapter reviews these findings and speculates on evolutionary implications.
Dividing the World
Authors: Antrim Zayde 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This chapter examines the textual practice of dividing the world in early Islamic geographical literature. The resulting regions were represented at a larger scale than cities in the discourse of place, but could still be distinguished from the world as a whole by a degree of particularity and boundedness. By exploring the different methods of dividing the world into regions, including the latitudinal clime (iqlīm) system, the circular kishwar system, and others, this chapter argues that regions were endowed with meanings that differentiated peoples as well as plots of land. It moves on to a consideration of itineraries as a method of spatial organization in world geographies and their emphasis on cities as nodes along linear routes. It argues that even in these works, regions appear as meaningful divisions of the world that transcend the cities within them and the routes that crosscut them and enable particular claims to authority.
Situational Analysis of Young Children in a Changing World
Authors: Engle Patrice L. , Rao Nirmala , Petrovic Oliver 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Millions of the world’s young children do not develop to their full potential due to factors such as poverty, HIV/AIDS, and armed conflict. This chapter examines child, family, community, and environmental factors affecting the status of the world’s children, and, when data are available, changes in children’s status in recent years. Contextual changes such as urbanization, external migration, socially defined gender roles, and environmental issues that influence the way young children grow and develop are highlighted, and recommendations for policies and programs to improve young children’s well-being are outlined.
Global Policy Landscape and Early Childhood Development
Authors: Britto Pia Rebello , Ulkuer Nurper , Hodges William P. , McCarthy Michael F. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
International declarations and conventions play a unique role in global development by promoting human rights through principles of equality and nondiscrimination. They establish standards and expectations for development for the world community and set benchmarks against which country-level progress is charted and compared. The science of early childhood development (ECD) is rapidly emerging as a focus of international attention. Although young children are mentioned in these global documents, no systematic examination has been made of how they are presented. In considering this question, it is important to distinguish between statements concerning children as intrinsically valuable humans, important in their own right and deserving of services, and children as instrumentally valuable, an important locus of investment due to their future contribution to society. This chapter provides a clear understanding of how rarely ECD is reflected in international declarations and conventions and how ECD evidence must be translated and effectively communicated to inform both global and national policies.