bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenteric vein thrombosis after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Speranskaya A. , Nicolau J. , Olivares J. , Pascual S. , González De Cabo M. , Masmiquel L. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryMesenteric vein thrombosis is a rare complication of bariatric laparoscopic surgery. We report a case of a 47‐year‐old man with obesity who had mesenteric vein thrombosis 14 days after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. He was treated with heparin anticoagulation with a good therapeutic response. This case and literature review illustrate that mesenteric vein thrombosis has to be included in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain after a bariatric procedure and listed formally as a complication of bariatric surgery.
Achieving Conservation Science that Bridges the Knowledge–Action Boundary
Authors: COOK CARLY N. , MASCIA MICHAEL B. , SCHWARTZ MARK W. , POSSINGHAM HUGH P. , FULLER RICHARD A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThere are many barriers to using science to inform conservation policy and practice. Conservation scientists wishing to produce management‐relevant science must balance this goal with the imperative of demonstrating novelty and rigor in their science. Decision makers seeking to make evidence‐based decisions must balance a desire for knowledge with the need to act despite uncertainty. Generating science that will effectively inform management decisions requires that the production of information (the components of knowledge) be salient (relevant and timely), credible (authoritative, believable, and trusted), and legitimate (developed via a process that considers the values and perspectives of all relevant actors) in the eyes of both researchers and decision makers. We perceive 3 key challenges for those hoping to generate conservation science that achieves all 3 of these information characteristics. First, scientific and management audiences can have contrasting perceptions about the salience of research. Second, the pursuit of scientific credibility can come at the cost of salience and legitimacy in the eyes of decision makers, and, third, different actors can have conflicting views about what constitutes legitimate information. We highlight 4 institutional frameworks that can facilitate science that will inform management: boundary organizations (environmental organizations that span the boundary between science and management), research scientists embedded in resource management agencies, formal links between decision makers and scientists at research‐focused institutions, and training programs for conservation professionals. Although these are not the only approaches to generating boundary‐spanning science, nor are they mutually exclusive, they provide mechanisms for promoting communication, translation, and mediation across the knowledge–action boundary. We believe that despite the challenges, conservation science should strive to be a boundary science, which both advances scientific understanding and contributes to decision making.Logrando que la Ciencia de la Conservación Trasponga la Frontera Conocimiento‐Acción
Skin cancer prevention
Authors: Kornek Thomas , Augustin Matthias 
Published: April 2013

SummaryPrevention signifies the avoidance of diseases. It also includes the early detection of diseases and taking measures to avoid worsening of an existing disease. Prevention is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.The prevention of skin cancer is particularly important due to the rising incidence of skin cancer in recent years. In Germany, 195.000 new cases of skin cancer, including non melanoma skin cancer and melanoma are occurring. Therefore, skin cancer is among the most common cancer diseases.Primary prevention comprises the reduction of skin cancer risk behavior, including education about the danger of UV exposure and the right way of dealing with natural and artificial UV radiation. The implementation of a systematic skin cancer screening in Germany contributes to secondary prevention. First data from the initial project in Schleswig‐Holstein, Germanyís most northern state, indicate for the first time that the incidence and mortality of melanoma can be reduced by secondary prevention. For tertiary prevention, the national associations recommend a risk‐adapted, evidence‐based follow‐up for all types of skin cancer. From the perspectives of the payers and from the patients, prevention is assessed positively. Prevention can contribute to a reduction of disease burden.
Infants hierarchically organize memory representations
Authors: Rosenberg Rebecca D. , Feigenson Lisa 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThroughout development, working memory is subject to capacity limits that severely constrain short‐term storage. However, adults can massively expand the total amount of remembered information by grouping items into chunks. Although infants also have been shown to chunk objects in memory, little is known regarding the limits of this ability. In particular, it remains unknown whether infants can create more complex memory hierarchies, binding representations of chunks into still larger chunks in recursive fashion. Here we tested the limits of early chunking, first measuring the number of items infants can bind into a single chunk and the number of chunks infants can maintain concurrently, and then, critically, whether infants can embed chunked representations into larger units. We tested 14‐month‐old infants' memory for hidden objects using a manual search task in which we manipulated memory load (the number of objects infants saw hidden) and the chunking cues provided. We found that infants are limited in the number of items they can chunk and in the number of chunks they can remember. However, we also found that infants can bind representations of chunks into ‘superchunks’. These results suggest that hierarchically organizing information strongly affects working memory, starting in infancy.
Audit to assess the quality of communication between operators and technicians in a fixed prosthodontic laboratory: educational and training implications
Authors: Dickie J. , Shearer A. C. , Ricketts D. N. J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis audit aimed to assess the quality of communication between dental students/qualified dentists and dental technicians, increase the percentage of satisfactorily completed laboratory prescriptions and reduce the number of errors that can result from poor communication. A subsidiary aim was to educate students and staff in this respect.MethodAn audit of laboratory prescription completion was conducted within Dundee Dental Hospital. Four hundred and eighteen prescriptions for indirect fixed restorations completed by dental undergraduates and qualified staff were audited over a three month period (first audit cycle). Educational reminders on laboratory prescriptions were then provided to undergraduates and qualified staff, a further three hundred and twenty‐two prescriptions were audited (second audit cycle) and compared with the first cycle.ResultsSatisfactorily completed prescriptions increased from 28% to 43% following basic educational intervention. However, this percentage still signifies a poor level of completion and the need for improvement. Some aspects of the prescription were completed better than others, but overall the standard remained poor with a significant number failing to comply with guidelines set by the UK General Dental Council, the European Union's Medical Devices Directive and the British Society for Restorative Dentistry (BSRD).ConclusionFurther undergraduate and staff training on laboratory prescription writing will be necessary through staff training events and developments in the undergraduate curriculum.
Physical activity and functional abilities in adult males with haemophilia: a cross‐sectional survey from a single US haemophilia treatment centre
Authors: Baumgardner J. , Elon L. , Antun A. , Stein S. , Ribeiro M. , Slovensky L. , Kempton C.L. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryPhysical activity and functional ability are important determinants of quality of life and these metrics are affected by both haemophilia and ageing. Outside haemophilic arthropathy, risk factors leading to reduced physical activity and function in people with haemophilia (PWH) are under‐explored. The purpose of this analysis was to determine risk factors for reduced physical activity and functional limitations in PWH. A secondary analysis was conducted on data indexing physical activity and functioning of 88 PWH using data originally collected as part of a cross‐sectional study at a single large haemophilia treatment centre. The Framingham Physical Activities Index (PAI), the Hemophilia Activities List (HAL) and the Timed Up‐and‐Go Test (TUG) were the outcome measures. The World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH) orthopaedic joint score was used as a measure of arthropathy. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the outcome measures and covariates. Worsening WFH joint score was independently associated with all three outcome measures (P < 0.05). Increasing age was associated with reduced PAI and increased TUG time (P < 0.05). The HAL summary score was decreased in patients with chronic liver disease (P = 0.006). The adjusted R2 for each model was ≤0.35. This study provides evidence for the relationship between arthropathy and reduced physical functioning/activity, but also highlights that much of the variation in physical functioning/activity is not explained by haemophilia‐related characteristics.
Hemicrania Continua Should NOT Be Classified as a Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia
Authors: Spierings Egilius L. H. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThe pain of the so‐called functional or primary headache disorders, such as tension headache, migraine, or cluster headache, can be associated with autonomic symptoms that are localized in nature. The localized autonomic symptoms probably involve higher centers of autonomic regulation, for example the hypothalamus, for which there is support from functional magnetic resonance imaging studies.MethodHemicrania continua, a continuous, unilateral, side‐locked headache, absolutely responsive to preventive treatment with indomethacin, is contrasted with so‐called medication‐overuse headache, in which the paradoxical situation exists of tremendous suffering despite excessive use of abortive medications.ConclusionIn classification, clinical presentation trumps experimental testing: Not only is there no basis to classify hemicrania continua in the category of the so‐called trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, also the very existence of this category lacks solid foundation.
Symptoms Predictive of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) in the Adolescent Headache Patient
Authors: Heyer Geoffrey L. , Fedak Erin M. , LeGros Aggie L. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo identify symptoms that may predict postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) among adolescent patients with headache and lightheadedness referred for tilt table testing.BackgroundIndividuals with POTS can have a variety of symptoms that impair quality of life. The specific symptoms that help to distinguish the POTS patient in an adolescent headache population have not been determined.MethodsA group of symptoms was compared among 70 adolescent patients with headache and lightheadedness referred to a pediatric headache clinic for tilt table testing. Every patient completed a symptom questionnaire prior to the tilt table test. The chi‐square test was used to compare questionnaire responses between patients found to have POTS and those who did not have POTS. Thirteen symptoms were analyzed. Symptoms that differed statistically between groups were further assessed for sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic predictive values.ResultsThirty‐seven (53%) patients met diagnostic criteria for POTS. Several symptoms differed between the patients found to have POTS and those without POTS. Headache type was not predictive. Vertigo and evening exacerbation of headaches had P values <.05 but did not meet significance after a statistical correction for multiple variables, P ≤ .004 (0.05/13). New‐onset motion sickness, dizziness as a headache trigger, and orthostatic headaches had P values <.004 and were relatively sensitive and/or specific for the POTS diagnosis.ConclusionsWhile no single clinical symptom or headache type reliably establishes the POTS diagnosis, several symptoms can help to distinguish the POTS patient in an adolescent headache population.
Dental hygienists’ knowledge of HIV, attitudes towards people with HIV and willingness to conduct rapid HIV testing
Authors: Santella AJ , Krishnamachari B , Davide SH , Cortell M , Furnari W , Watts B , Haden SC 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo normalize rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in the United States, expanded rapid HIV testing initiatives are needed outside the routine medical setting. The dental setting is a logical choice as almost two‐thirds of Americans regularly see a dental provider each year. This study was aimed to determine the dental hygienists’ knowledge of HIV, attitudes towards people living with HIV and willingness to conduct rapid HIV testing.MethodsA national cross‐sectional survey of practicing dental hygienists and senior dental hygiene students were recruited using state dental hygiene associations, email LISTSERVS, dental hygiene programmes and continuing education conferences (n = 634).ResultsThe mean knowledge score was 10.5/13. High versus low test‐scorers (75% of test questions or more answered correctly versus less than 75% answered correctly) did differ in their comfort level in counselling about sexual HIV prevention methods (P = 0.03) and comfort level in working with medically compromised patients (P = 0.04).ConclusionDental hygienists, with additional training in HIV prevention counseling and diagnostic testing, may be an appropriate profession to conduct rapid HIV testing.
Circumcision related to urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted infections, human immunodeficiency virus infections, and penile and cervical cancer
Authors: Hayashi Yutaro , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMale circumcision has been carried out as a prophylactic measure against future diseases, as well as a rite of passage due to religious practice and definite medical indication. The present review discusses the benefits of male circumcision on the prevention of urinary tract infections, and the importance of circumcision in congenital urinary system anomalies, such as vesicoureteral reflux. Additionally the present review examines the associations between circumcision and sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus, and the preventive effect of circumcision on penile cancer and cervical cancer of female partners.
The skills and brain drain what nurses say
Authors: Likupe Gloria 
Published: April 2013

Aims and objectives.  To explore sub‐Saharan African nurses’ reasons for moving to the UK, their views on the skills and brain drain, and what can be done to stem the situation.Background.  The UK and other developed nations such as the USA, Canada and Australia have been recruiting internationally qualified nurses including those from sub‐Saharan African, which has raised concerns of skills and brain drain from these countries that are known to suffer from nurse shortages.Methods.  A purposeful sample of 30 nurses from sub‐Saharan African was drawn from four National Health Service trusts in the north‐east of England. Using focus group discussions and personal interviews, the study explored and examined nurses’ views on their motivation to move to the developed countries and what can be done to reduce nurse migration from sub‐Saharan African and give those countries a chance to develop their health systems by retaining their health personnel.Results.  Five main themes emerged from data analysis: poor remuneration, lack of professional development in the home countries, poor health care and systems, language and education similarities and easy availability of jobs and visas.Conclusion.  Data indicate that migration motives for nurses are complex and inherent in historical links and in global values. Nurses stressed that they would like to stay in their own countries and help develop healthcare there, but reasons for moving were often strong and apparently not within their control.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurse migration from sub‐Saharan African has often been cited as a limitation in providing effective healthcare in those countries. Delineating motivational factors for nurses could help to stem this migration.
Comprehensive classification and perspective for modelling photorespiratory metabolism
Authors: Arnold A. , Nikoloski Z. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBiological processes involved in photorespiratory and photosynthetic metabolism operate concurrently and affect the interplay between carbon and nitrogen assimilation reflected in plant growth. Experimental evidence has indicated that photorespiratory metabolism has a wide‐ranging influence not only on other principal metabolic pathways but also on a multitude of signalling cascades. Therefore, accurate quantitative models of photorespiration can provide a means for predicting and in silico probing of plant behaviour at various levels of the system. We first present a comprehensive classification of current models of photorespiratory metabolism developed within the existing carbon‐centric modelling paradigm. We then offer a perspective for modelling photorespiratory metabolism by considering the coupling of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the context of compartmentalised, genome‐scale metabolic models of C3 plants. In addition, we outline the challenges stemming from the need to consider plant metabolic and signalling pathways in assessing the still controversial role of photorespiration and to confront the devised models with the ever‐increasing amounts of high‐throughput data.
Structural and Dielectric Properties in (1−x)BaTiO3–xBi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3 Ceramics (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) and Potential for High‐Voltage Multilayer Capacitors
Authors: Choi Doo Hyun , Baker Amanda , Lanagan Michael , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan , Randall Clive 
Published: April 2013

Structural and dielectric properties of (1−x)BaTiO3–xBi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3 (x = 0.1–0.5) were investigated to understand the binary system and utilize it for high‐voltage, high energy density capacitors. The solubility limit for Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3 in a BaTiO3 perovskite was between x = 0.4 and x = 0.5. A phase with pseudocubic symmetry was formed for x = 0.1–0.4; a secondary phase developed at x = 0.5. Dielectric measurements showed highly diffusive and dispersive relaxor‐like characteristics from 10 to 40 mol% of Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3. These compositions also showed high relative permittivity with low‐temperature coefficients of permittivity over a wide range of temperatures −100°C–600°C. Relaxation behavior was quantitatively investigated using the Vogel–Fulcher model, which revealed the activation energy of 0.17–0.22 eV. Prototyped multilayer capacitors of 18 mm × 17 mm × 4 mm dimensions with a capacitance of 12.5 nF at 1 kHz were successfully constructed and demonstrated multiple charge–discharge characteristics up to 10 kV.
Scale Up and Anode Development for La‐Doped SrTiO3 Anode‐Supported SOFCs
Authors: Savaniu Cristian‐Daniel , Miller David N. , Irvine John T. S. 
Published: April 2013

The possibility of developing large solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks based upon 25 cm2 ceramic oxide anode‐supported cells is investigated. Planar fuel cells comprising strontium titanate‐based anode support impregnated with active catalysts were prepared using a combination of deposition techniques. The fuel cell tests performed in a semisealed rig have shown power densities of 185 mW cm−2 at 850°C using humidified hydrogen as fuel and air as oxidant. The structure and evolution of the catalytically active impregnated materials‐10 mol% Gd‐doped CeO2 and nickel‐ are analysed using electron microscopy at the end of the fuel cell test, revealing that a ceria and nickel layer surrounds the titanate backbone grains while ~50–150 nm spherical‐like nickel particles uniformly decorate this top layer.
Remarkably High‐Temperature Stability of Bi(Fe1−xAlx)O3–BaTiO3 Solid Solution with Near‐Zero Temperature Coefficient of Piezoelectric Properties
Authors: Cen Zhenyong , Zhou Changrong , Yang Huabin , Zhou Qin , Li Weizhou , Yan Chunle , Cao Lei , Song Jun , Peng Ling 
Published: April 2013

The 0.72Bi(Fe1−xAlx)O3–0.28BaTiO3 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07, abbreviated as BFAx–BT) lead‐free high‐temperature ceramics were prepared by the conventional ceramic processing. Systematic investigation on the microstructures, crystalline structures, dielectric and piezoelectric properties, and high‐temperature stability of piezoelectric properties was carried out. The crystalline structures of BFAx–BT ceramics evolve from rhombohedral structure with x < 0.01 to the coexistence of rhombohedral structure and pseudocubic phases with x ≈ 0.01, finally to pseudocubic phases when x > 0.03. Remarkably high‐temperature stability with near‐zero temperature coefficient of piezoelectric properties (TCkp), together with improved piezoelectric properties has been achieved for x = 0.01 BFAx–BT ceramics. The BFAx–BT(x = 0.01) ceramics simultaneously show the excellent piezoelectric properties of d33 = 151 pC/N, kp = 0.31 and super‐high‐temperature stability of Td = 420°C, TCkp = 1 × 10−4. It is considered that the observed strong piezoelectricity and remarkably high‐temperature stability should be ascribed to the phase coexistence of rhombohedral and pseudocubic phases. The rhombohedral phases have a positive TCkp value and the pseudocubic phases possess a negative TCkp value. Thus, the TCkp value of BFAx–BT ceramics can be tuned by composition of x.
Executive function as a mediator in the link between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and social problems
Authors: Tseng Wan‐Ling , Gau Susan Shur‐Fen 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundCognitive processes and mechanisms underlying the strong link between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and social problems remain unclear. Limited knowledge also exists regarding a subgroup of youth with ADHD who do not have social problems. This study investigated the extent to which executive function (EF) mediated the association between ADHD and social problems and compared ADHD symptoms, comorbidities, and EF among ADHD youth with and without social problems and controls.MethodsThe sample consisted of 279 youth with ADHD and 173 controls without ADHD (11–17 years of age) in Taiwan. Among youth with ADHD, two subgroups were further identified: 70 ADHD youth with social problems and 31 ADHD youth without social problems. EF was assessed with four subtests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (Spatial span, Spatial working memory, Intra‐dimensional/extra‐dimensional shifts, Stockings of Cambridge). Social problems were assessed by mother and child reports.ResultsExecutive function measures in working memory and planning mediated the effect of ADHD on social problems, independent of age, gender, and IQ. The two ADHD groups with and without social problems did not differ in ADHD severity or comorbidities; however, ADHD youth without social problems performed better on certain measures of EF such as working memory, planning, and response inhibition.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that deficits in some aspects of EF may account for social problems often experienced by youth with ADHD.