bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's Perception of Conversational and Clear American-English Vowels in Noise
Authors: Leone Dorothy , Levy Erika S. 
Published: January 2015

PurposeMuch of a child's day is spent listening to speech in the presence of background noise. Although accurate vowel perception is important for listeners' accurate speech perception and comprehension, little is known about children's vowel perception in noise.Clear speechis a speech style frequently used by talkers in the presence of noise. This study investigated children's identification of vowels in nonsense words in noise and examined whether adults' use of clear speech would result in the children's more accurate vowel identification.MethodTwo female American-English (AE) speaking adults were recorded producing the nonsense word /gəbVpə/ with AE vowels /ɛ-æ-ɑ-ʌ/ in phrases in conversational and clear speech. These utterances were presented to 15 AE-speaking children (ages 5.0–8.5 years) at a signal-to-noise ratio of −6 dB. The children repeated the utterances.ResultsClear-speech vowels were repeated significantly more accurately (87%) than conversational-speech vowels (59%), suggesting that clear speech aids children's vowel identification. Children repeated one talker's vowels more accurately than the other's, and front vowels more accurately than central and back vowels.ConclusionThe findings support the use of clear speech for enhancing adult-to-child communication in AE in noisy environments.
Tricuspid Valve Repair for the Poor Right Ventricle: Tricuspid Valve Repair in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Tricuspid Regurgitation Undergoing Mitral Valve Repair Improves In-Hospital Outcome
Authors: Genoni Michele , Graves Kirk , Odavic Dragan , Löblein Helen , Häussler Achim , Dzemali Omer , Zientara Alicja 
Published: January 2015

Background Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in patients undergoing surgery for mitral valve (MV) increases morbidity and mortality, especially in case of a poor right ventricle. Does repair of mild-to-moderate insufficiency of the tricuspid valve (TV) in patients undergoing MV surgery lead to a benefit in early postoperative outcome?
Methods A total of 22 patients with mild-to-moderate TR underwent MV repair and concomitant TV repair with Tri-Ad (Medtronic ATS Medical Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States) and Edwards Cosgrove (Edwards Lifesciences Irvine, California, United States) rings. The severity of TR was assessed echocardiographically by using color-Doppler flow images. The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) was under 1.7 cm. Additional procedures included coronary artery bypass (n = 9) and maze procedure (n = 15). The following parameters were compared: postoperative and peak dose of noradrenaline (NA), pre/postoperative systolic pulmonary pressure (sPAP), extubation time, operation time, cross-clamp time, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, pre/postoperative ejection fraction (EF), intensive care unit (ICU)-stay, hospital stay, cell saver blood transfusion, intra/postoperative blood transfusion, and postoperative TR.
Results The mean age was 67 ± 14.8 years, 45% were male. Mean EF was 47 ± 16.2%, postoperative 52 ± 12.4%. sPAP was 46 ± 20.1 mm Hg preoperatively, sPAP was 40.6 ± 9.4 mm Hg postoperatively, NA postoperatively was 12 ± 10 μg/min, NA peak was 18 ± 11 μg/min, operation time was 275 ± 92 minutes, CPB was 145 ± 49 minutes, ICU stay was 2.4 ± 2.4 days, hospital stay was 10.8 ± 3.5 days, cell saver blood transfusion was 736 ± 346 mL, intraoperative transfusions were 2.5 ± 1.6. Two patients needed postoperative transfusions. A total of 19 patients were extubated at the 1st postoperative day, 2 patients at the 2nd day, and 1 at the 4th postoperative day. Two patients required a pacemaker. No reintubation, no in-hospital mortality, and one reoperation because of bleeding complications.
Conclusion Correction of mild-to-moderate TR at the time of MV repair does maintain TV function and avoid right ventricular dysfunction in the early postoperative period improving the clinical outcome.
Iconic inferences about personality
Authors: Kawahara Shigeto , Shinohara Kazuko , Grady Joseph 
Published: January 2015

The current study oﬀers a new case of an iconic relationship amongst diﬀerent modalities of cognition, going beyond traditional studies of sound symbolism. We report experiments that show that particular types of personalities can be iconically related to particular types of sounds and shapes. Two experiments show that “inaccessible types of personality” are iconically associated with a class of sounds called “obstruents” as well as with angular shapes. The ﬁrst connection – the one between personalities and sounds – adds to the large body of literature on sound symbolism. The second connection – the link between personalities and shapes – goes beyond the traditional cases of sound symbolism, instantiating a case of trans-modal iconic projection from one cognitive modality to another.
Effect and Strategy of 1-stage Interrupted 2-level Transpedicular Wedge Osteotomy for Correcting Severe Kyphotic Deformities in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Zhao Yongfei , Wang Yan , Wang Zheng , Zhang Xuesong , Mao Keya , Zhang Yonggang 
Published: January 2015

Study Design:
Prospective study.

Objective:
To investigate the safety, outcome, and strategy of the 1-stage interrupted 2-level transpedicular wedge osteotomy for correcting the severe kyphotic deformity in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Summary of Background Data:
There has been a large series in the literature reporting on results of osteotomy for the correction of kyphotic deformity secondary to AS. However, few articles have reported, in detail, the plan, design, strategy, and effect of 1-stage interrupted 2-level transpedicular wedge osteotomy for the correction of severe kyphotic deformity in AS.

Materials and Methods:
From May 2003 to February 2010, 24 consecutive patients, 17 males and 7 females, suffering from AS with severe spinal kyphosis, underwent 1-stage interrupted 2-level transpedicular wedge osteotomy in our hospital by the corresponding author. Improvements in relevant parameters were recorded and clinical results were evaluated.

Results:
The average operating time was 282±43 minutes, and the average blood loss was 2202±737 mL. All the global and regional spinal alignments improved to relatively normal status: the global thoracolumbar kyphosis angle improved from 101.5±10.8 to 24.8±5.8 degrees (P<0.001), the thoracolumbar kyphosis improved from 37.9±5.1 to 0.7±12.8 degrees (P<0.001), and the lumbar lordosis improved from 35.0±9.2 to −25.7±10.9 degrees (P<0.001). Meanwhile, the chin-brow vertical angle improved from 79.5±5.1 to 8.5±2.7 degrees (P<0.001), and the sagittal imbalance distance improved from 49.6±6.5 to 11.5±3.5 cm (P<0.001). All the patients could walk with horizontal vision and lie on their backs postoperatively, and scoliosis research society-22 scores improved from 1.6±0.2 preoperatively to 4.3±0.2 at the 2-year follow-up. The mean time of follow-up was 52±28 months. Fusion of the osteotomy was achieved in each patient and no instances of loss of correction or implant failure were noted.

Conclusion:
For correcting severe kyphosis in patients with AS, the 1-stage interrupted 2-level transpedicular wedge osteotomy is a safe and effective technique that significantly improves appearance and function.
Palliative Surgery for Spinal Metastases Using Posterior Decompression and Fixation Combined With Intraoperative Vertebroplasty
Authors: Dong Liang , Tan Mingsheng , Wu Di , Yi Ping , Yang Feng , Tang Xiangsheng , Hao Qingying 
Published: January 2015

Study Design:
Retrospective study.

Objective:
To evaluate the clinical outcome of palliative surgery using posterior decompression and fixation combined with intraoperative vertebroplasty (PDFIV) for the treatment of spinal metastases, and analyze the indications for PDFIV using a neurological, oncologic, mechanical, and systemic framework.

Summary of Background Data:
Palliative surgery is widely used to spinal metastatic patients with poor condition for enough postoperative recovery. PDFIV which is a new palliative surgery is rarely reported its efficacies and indications.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of 26 consecutive patients with spinal metastases treated by PDFIV was performed. The group includes 18 men and 8 women with an average age of 55.7 years (range, 47–79 y). All patients presented with local pain, 18 patients had compressive myelopathy, and 9 had radiculopathy. The total segments involved were 32. Postoperative imaging was used to evaluate cement leakage, the status of fixation, and recurrence. The visual analogue score and Frankel grade were used to identify neurological function.

Results:
There were no intraoperative neurological or vascular injuries. The mean operative time was 173 minutes (range, 125–245 min), the mean blood loss was 659 mL (range, 350–2500 mL), and the average amount of cement used in the vertebrae was 4.1 mL (range, 2.0–5.5 mL). All patients were followed for an average of 25 months (range, 6–56 mo). The visual analogue score decreased from 8.1 preoperatively to 2.1 postoperatively. Fifteen of 18 patients with compressive myelopathies had improved Frankel grades. Postoperative computed tomography scans showed cement leakage in 3 patients (11.5%); however, all of the leakages were clinically asymptomatic. There were local tumor recurrences requiring reoperation in 2 patients.

Conclusions:
Palliative surgery using PDFIV can improve neurological function and alleviate pain effectively, and allow low cement leakage and timely disposal of leakage combined with intraoperative visual vertebroplasty.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy Caused by Wilms Tumor
Authors: Chalavon Emmanuelle , Lampin Marie-Emilie , Lervat Cyril , Leroy Xavier , Bonnevalle Michel , Recher Morgan , Sudour-Bonnange Hélène 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The authors report the case of a 7-month-old girl with unilateral Wilms tumor with dilated cardiomyopathy, leading to cardiac failure and requiring intensive care. After chemotherapy and tumor removal, cardiac function has improved. This is a rare report on the association between nephroblastoma and dilated cardiomyopathy without hypertension.
Emergency Department Diagnosis of Dietl Crisis in a 7-Year-Old Girl With Abdominal Pain
Authors: Burhop James , Clingenpeel Joel M. , Poirier Michael P. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Children with Dietl crisis often experience a delay in diagnosis, with the clinical entity being underdiagnosed. Pain is caused by compression of an aberrant artery crossing dilated kidney. Pain is often worsened after the consumption of liquids and resolves after fluid reabsorption. There are no clear criteria for evaluating ureter obstruction in childhood abdominal pain in the emergency department setting; however, it has been suggested that ultrasound may aid in the diagnosis. As renal parenchyma is typically preserved, and there is a paucity of associated urological complaints, once properly diagnosed, most patients are well served by a pyeloplasty.
Inhibition of Auxin Signaling in Frankia Species-Infected Cells in Casuarina glauca Nodules Leads to Increased Nodulation
Authors: Champion Antony , Lucas Mikael , Tromas Alexandre , Vaissayre Virginie , Crabos Amandine , Diédhiou Issa , Prodjinoto Hermann , Moukouanga Daniel , Pirolles Elodie , Cissoko Maïmouna , Bonneau Jocelyne , Gherbi Hassen , Franche Claudine , Hocher Valérie , Svistoonoff Sergio , Laplaze Laurent 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Actinorhizal symbioses are mutualistic interactions between plants and the soil bacteria Frankia spp. that lead to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. The plant hormone auxin has been suggested to play a role in the mechanisms that control the establishment of this symbiosis in the actinorhizal tree Casuarina glauca. Here, we analyzed the role of auxin signaling in Frankia spp.-infected cells. Using a dominant-negative version of an endogenous auxin-signaling regulator, INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID7, we established that inhibition of auxin signaling in these cells led to increased nodulation and, as a consequence, to higher nitrogen fixation per plant even if nitrogen fixation per nodule mass was similar to that in the wild type. Our results suggest that auxin signaling in Frankia spp.-infected cells is involved in the long-distance regulation of nodulation in actinorhizal symbioses.
Men procuring sexual services from women: everyman or peculiar man?
Authors: Birch Philip , Ireland Jane 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore characteristics of men procuring sexual services from women.Design/methodology/approach– This is a quantitative study using questionnaires and purposive sampling. The sample was from New South Wales, Australia, and included brothels and outreach organisations where sex work is decriminalised. The participants were 309 men who reported procuring sexual services with women.Findings– Primary motivations for procurement included thrill/excitement and attractiveness of the sex worker. Cluster analysis identified five groups, the most frequent being those with a drive for exciting, thrill-seeking sex with an attractive partner and those with the same drive but not wanting investment. High proportions of men were married, in professional employment and did not present with a criminal history. Sexual experiences procured were conventional. Procurement presented as an enduring behaviour maintained across decades, commencing at a young age. Involvement in procurement preceded decriminalisation.Practical implications– The results do not support men's procurement as primarily “deviant”. Professionals may need to explicitly enquire about such behaviour where relevant to do so (e.g. in discussing sexual health) and in doing so ensure procurement is discussed as normative and not as unusual behaviour.Originality/value– Challenges any conceptualisation of procurement as deviant, extending the research base further by capturing users of such services as opposed to attitudes towards procurement.
The psychosocial experience of role reversal for paraprofessionals providing substance misuse and offender treatment: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: James Nicola , Harvey Joel 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– Many ex-offenders and substance misusers are employed in the treatment and intervention of offenders. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this role as a protective factor in the maintenance of desistance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Seven paraprofessional employees of a substance misuse service were interviewed using semi-structured interview and analysed by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Findings
– Four super-ordinate themes emerged: “The Fragile Sense of Self”; “Hitting Rock Bottom”; “Belonging and identity” and “Maintaining the role reversal”. These themes captured the journey of moving through crime and substance misuse into desistance and employment.

Research limitations/implications
– The sample size is small; therefore generalisation is reduced. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) could be considered subjective. Further research should attempt to explore similar ideas with different populations and using different methods.

Practical implications
– This work suggests that practitioners and policy makers should look at the vital importance of paraprofessional employment in relation to desistance from crime.

Social implications
– Offenders and substance misusers are often left without direction or a fixed new identity, and return to the only life they have known. This study suggests that paraprofessional employment might provide a sense of belonging and identity that could benefit the ex-offender, their clients and society.

Originality/value
– This is an opportunity to advance knowledge in the area of paraprofessional employment as an aid to “recovery” and lifelong desistance.
An empirical investigation of the role of rural development policies in stimulating rural entrepreneurship in the Lazio Region of Italy
Authors: De Rosa Marcello , McElwee Gerard 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of the paper is to provide an analysis of the adoption of Rural Development Policies (Rdp) as the result of entrepreneurial behaviours carried out by family farms with a focus on the Lazio Region of Italy. Family farming is the backbone of the European model of agriculture. Rdp provide family farms with a set of opportunities which, if well exploited, could drum up farm’s development.Design/methodology/approach– An empirical analysis of a data base provided by the Lazion region of Italy on the adoption of Rdp by family farms in the Lazio region for the period of 2007-2013. Cluster analysis is the main analytical tool used.Findings– The results evidence significant differences in the adoption of rural policy on the basis of family life cycle and the composition of the family farm. The empirical analysis underlines the low degree of coherence by farms located in rural areas.Practical implications– Farmers’ success in accessing funds requires them to be proactive and take a strategic perspective to convince funders that they have a coherent strategy which meets the requirements of the particular Rdp which they are trying to access.Social implications– In terms of policy, a more nuanced understanding of the entrepreneurial nature of some practices in a rural setting and how they require multi-agency investigation.Originality/value– The paper is unique, in that it considers the consumption of policy by farmers who are entrepreneurial in their vision. By consumption of Rdp, we mean the farmer’s strategic capability to obtain funds from regional funding pots for rural development.
Correlation between osteocalcin‐positive endothelial progenitor cells and spotty calcification in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Zhang He , Wang Li‐jun , Si Dong‐lei , Wang Chuan , Yang Jing‐ci , Jiang Ping , Du Chao , Wang Jian‐jun 
Published: January 2015

SummaryImmature endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) carrying osteocalcin (OCN) might mediate vascUlar calcification in coronary artery disease (CAD). Spotty calcification within atherosclerotic plaque is associated with cardiovascular events. The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between immature EPC levels and spotty calcification in CAD patients. In the 224 CAD patients studied, 76 had acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 102 had unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 46 had stable angina pectoris (SAP). The levels of OCN‐positive (OCN+) EPC were analysed by flow cytometry. The status of spotty calcification was determined by cardiac computed tomography angiography. OCN+ EPC and calcium deposits were significantly increased in acute coronary artery syndrome (ACS) when compared with those in SAP patients. Positive correlation was also revealed between the number of OCN+ EPC and the frequency of spotty calcification and levels of serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and serum alkaline phosphatase in AMI and UAP patients. In summary, the number of OCN+ EPC is positively related to the frequency of spotty calcification in ACS patients. Serum hs‐CRP and serum alkaline levels are thought to contribute to the elevation of OCN+ EPC.
Fungicide efflux and the MgMFS1 transporter contribute to the multidrug resistance phenotype in Zymoseptoria tritici field isolates
Authors: Omrane Selim , Sghyer Hind , Audéon Colette , Lanen Catherine , Duplaix Clémentine , Walker Anne‐Sophie , Fillinger Sabine 
Published: January 2015

SummarySeptoria leaf blotch is mainly controlled by fungicides. Zymoseptoria tritici, which is responsible for this disease, displays strong adaptive capacity to fungicide challenge. It developed resistance to most fungicides due to target site modifications. Recently, isolated strains showed cross‐resistance to fungicides with unrelated modes of action, suggesting a resistance mechanism known as multidrug resistance (MDR). We show enhanced prochloraz efflux, sensitive to the modulators amitryptiline and chlorpromazine, for two Z. tritici strains, displaying an MDR phenotype in addition to the genotypes CYP51I381V Y461H or CYP51I381V ΔY459/G460, respectively, hereafter named MDR6 and MDR7. Efflux was also inhibited by verapamil in the MDR7 strain. RNA sequencing lead to the identification of several transporter genes overexpressed in both MDR strains. The expression of the MgMFS1 gene was the strongest and constitutively high in MDR field strains. Its inactivation in the MDR6 strain abolished resistance to fungicides with different modes of action supporting its involvement in MDR in Z. tritici. A 519 bp insert in the MgMFS1 promoter was detected in half of the tested MDR field strains, but absent from sensitive field strains, suggesting that the insert is correlated with the observed MDR phenotype. Besides MgMfs1, other transporters and mutations may be involved in MDR in Z. tritici.
Crises and Paradigm Shift: A Response to Critics
Authors: Mackintosh Stuart P. M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractInternational financial and regulatory reform continues in 2014, building upon the burst of crisis‐induced institutional and regulatory reforms begun in 2008. In particular, the Financial Stability Board is an element and an agent of reform and this paradigm shift. The leap taken was and remains a predominantly technocratic central banking macroprudential narrative and process, controlled by this elite epistemic community. As the new regulatory normal evolves in 2014, it now does so at a slower pace, as the crisis appears to abate. Today elements of paradigm defence, maintenance and resilience are seen.
English Question or Union Question? Neither has Easy Answers
Authors: Hazell Robert , Sandford Mark 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWhile devolution has provided a stronger political voice for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland since the late 1990s, it is only in the past few years that English public opinion appears to have become exercised by the lack of similar arrangements for England. The renewed debates over the character of the Union after the Scottish independence referendum reveal a desire for ‘fair treatment’ of England within a Union conceived as a partnership of equals. At the same time, numerous proposals have been made for devolution of power within England, reflecting long‐held concerns about the territorial hegemony of London. Solutions to the former issue include English votes for English laws and an English Parliament. Solutions to the latter include city‐regions, strengthened local government, the first of these appears to be the government's preferred route, in the light of the recent ‘Greater Manchester Agreement’. However, none of these ‘solutions’ can count on being implemented.
The quality of set‐style yoghurt responsible to partial lactose hydrolysis followed by protein cross‐linking of the skimmed milk
Authors: Han Yan‐Ping , Fu Miao , Zhao Xin‐Huai 
Published: January 2015

Skimmed milk used for set‐style yoghurt production was treated with lactase at 0.1 g/kg for 30 min to give partial lactose hydrolysis and then treated with horseradish peroxidase and glucose oxidase at 200 and 6 kU/kg protein to result in protein cross‐linking. Two treatments conferred higher apparent viscosity on the milk, but led to the yoghurt prepared from it with insignificantly different chemical compositions to the counterparts (P > 0.05). The prepared yoghurt also showed decreased syneresis (about 17.7%), higher apparent viscosity and viscoelastic modulus, firmer texture and finer microstructure. This ternary enzyme system is a potential approach to improving the quality of set‐style yoghurt.