bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Latent Heat Buffering in the Generation of High-Silica Rhyolites
Authors: Tavazzani Lorenzo , Economos R C , Peres Stefano , Demarchi Gabriella , Sinigoi Silvano , Bachmann O 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The physical process of crystal-melt separation is responsible for the accumulation of small to very large volumes (&gt;100 km3) of eruptible rhyolitic melt in the shallow crust. Granitic intrusions, although providing a terminal, time-integrated image of melt segregation processes, host an unmatched record of the physical properties controlling mechanisms and rates of interstitial melt extraction from a crystal-rich source. We applied mass balance calculations and thermodynamic modeling simulations to an extensive bulk rock geochemistry dataset (&gt;150 samples) collected in a Permian upper-crustal granitoid intrusion of the Italian Southern Alps. Textural and geochemical evidence indicate that this intrusion constituted a single, zoned magma body, with a crystal-rich base and a thick (~2 km), high-silica cap (75–77 wt% SiO₂). The large compositional variability of the crystal-rich materials suggests variable degrees of melt extraction efficiency and corresponding terminal porosities. Specifically, the loosely bimodal distribution of porosity values (φ) indicates that at least two distinct melt segregation mechanisms were operating in this system, which produced both high (0.65–0.45) and low terminal porosities (0.45–0.25) in the crystal-rich, cumulate materials. Modeling of latent heat budget shows that coexistence of cumulate products with differing terminal porosity signature can be explained by melt segregation processes taking place at different depths across a thick, interconnected magmatic reservoir with an initial homogenous water content (~4 wt% H2O). Deep in the mush column, low water activities (aH₂O &lt; 0.5) promoted thermal buffering of cooling magma at high crystallinities, enabling residual melt extraction by percolation through a crystalline framework accompanied by compaction. Instead, at shallower depths, high water activities (aH₂O &gt; 0.5) ensured prolonged magma residence at porosities that promoted crystal melt separation via hindered settling. Distinct melt extraction processes, acting synchronously but at different depths in vertically extensive silicic mush columns, can account for the large volumes of residual, haplogranitic melt mobilized during the relatively short lifespan of upper crustal magma reservoirs (~105 years).
The Transatlantic Relationship and the Russia-Ukraine War
Authors: Anghel Veronica , Jones Erik 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Russia-Ukraine war triggered a new burst of solidarity across the Atlantic. The reactivation of the battered NATO alliance came easily under the pressure of an external shock. Yet, pulling together to react to Russia's belligerence is not sufficient to announce a new era of transatlantic partnership. The reason lies in the different interests that underpin American and European policies such as reliance on economic sanctions, the promotion of democracy, NATO strategy towards Russia, and economic coordination. Loosely sharing common values is not enough to reinforce the transatlantic relationship. Neither is a decision to stop the atrocities that Russia is committing against Ukrainians. Western leadership requires a coherent vision of Western interests. In the new world order, such coherence cannot be taken for granted.
Can Public Policy Influence Public Opinion? Studying Feedback Effects and Elite Influence Using the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Sances Michael W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Political elites often claim that the passage of new public programs will shift the political debate by influencing public opinion. These expectations also motivate elites to engage in messaging that they believe will further shape public opinion toward these new programs. In Stable Condition, Daniel J. Hopkins subjects these beliefs—and their social science analogues of policy feedback and opinion leadership—to rigorous and exhaustive scrutiny in a comprehensive assessment of how the Affordable Care Act (ACA) affected public opinion. Contrary to much of the elite and scholarly consensus, Hopkins finds little or no effect of the ACA or its attendant messaging wars on public opinion. In this essay, I highlight what I see as some of the key contributions of the book to the literature on policy feedbacks. One of these contributions is the strength of the empirical analysis, which convinces me that the author's conclusions about the ACA's limited effects are correct. In the latter part of the review, however, I question how much we can learn about feedback effects in general from this particular case, given the strategic considerations that informed the ACA's passage. Last, I re-evaluate the book's conclusions of opinion stability given longer-term trends in both policy and opinion.
Optimal initial duration of low molecular weight heparin lead-in before direct oral anticoagulants for short-term outcomes of hospitalized patients with non-high-risk acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Zhao Y , Cheng Y , Yao Q , Qu J , Luo Y , Du H , Sun J , Liu S , Xu M , Wu X , Xiong W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
There are currently three strategies for the duration of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) lead-in before direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE): one is at least 5 days, the other is at least 3 days and the last one is less than 3 days. Which one is the best is yet unknown.

Aim
To explore optimal initial duration of LMWH lead-in before DOACs for short-term outcomes of hospitalized patients with non-high-risk acute PE.

Design
Retrospective observational cohort study using propensity score matching.

Methods
We divided non-high-risk PE patients into short-LMWH (LMWH &lt;3 days), intermediate-LMWH (LMWH 3-5 days) and long-LMWH (LMWH &gt;5 days) groups, in a 1:1:2 ratio by using propensity score matching. Primary outcomes were a composite of mortality including all-cause and PE-related mortality, VTE recurrence and major bleeding, as well as each one of them, at 3-month after PE diagnosis.

Results
The short-LMWH group (N = 504) had higher 3-month composite primary outcome (129 [25.6%] vs. 67 [13.3%], P &lt; 0.001), all-cause mortality (112 [22.2%] vs. 39 [7.7%], P &lt; 0.001) and PE-related mortality (48 [9.5%] vs. 17 [3.4%], P &lt; 0.001), than the intermediate-LMWH group (N = 504). The short-LMWH group also had higher 3-month composite primary outcome (129 [25.6%] vs. 151 [15.0%], P &lt; 0.001), all-cause mortality (112 [22.2%] vs. 90 [8.9%], P &lt; 0.001) and PE-related mortality (48 [9.5%] vs. 41 [4.1%], P &lt; 0.001) than the long-LMWH group (N = 1008). The VTE recurrence and major bleeding rates were similar between the short-LMWH and intermediate-LMWH groups, and between the short-LMWH and long-LMWH groups. The intermediate-LMWH and long-LMWH groups had similar 3-month primary outcomes rates in whole or in part with each other.

Conclusions
For patients with non-high-risk acute PE, the optimal duration of initial LMWH lead-in before switching to DOACs could be 3–5 days.
Feedback and Learning: The Causal Effects of Reversals on Judicial Decision-Making
Authors: Bhuller Manudeep , Sigstad Henrik 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Do judges respond to reversals of their decisions? Using random assignment of cases across two stages of the criminal justice system in Norway and a novel dataset linking trial court decisions to reversals in appeals courts, we provide causal evidence on feedback effects in judicial decision-making. By exploiting differences in the tendencies of randomly assigned appeal panels to reverse trial court decisions, we show that trial court judges who receive a reversal of a sentence respond by updating the likelihood of imposing a prison sentence in the direction of the reversal in future cases. Consistent with a Bayesian learning model, we find that the responses are stronger for judges with weaker priors and for reversals corresponding to stronger signals. Our estimates, however, also indicate that judges overreact to reversals compared to Bayes’ rule.
Emerging insights into macrophage extracellular traps in bacterial infections
Authors: Baz Ahmed Adel , Hao Huafang , Lan Shimei , Li Zhangcheng , Liu Shuang , Jin Xiangrui , Chen Shengli , Chu Yuefeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMacrophages possess a diverse range of well‐defined capabilities and roles as phagocytes, encompassing the regulation of inflammation, facilitation of wound healing, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and serving as a crucial element in the innate immune response against microbial pathogens. The emergence of extracellular traps is a novel strategy of defense that has been observed in several types of innate immune cells. In response to infection, macrophages are stimulated and produce macrophage extracellular traps (METs), which take the form of net‐like structures, filled with strands of DNA and adorned with histones and other cellular proteins. METs not only capture and eliminate microorganisms but also play a role in the development of certain diseases such as inflammation and autoimmune disorders. The primary objective of this study is to examine the latest advancements in METs for tackling bacterial infections. We also delve into the current knowledge and tactics utilized by bacteria to elude or endure the effects of METs. Through this investigation, we hope to shed light on the intricate interactions between bacteria and the host's immune system, particularly in the context of microbicidal effector mechanisms of METs. The continued exploration of METs and their impact on host defense against various pathogens opens up new avenues for understanding and potentially manipulating the immune system's response to infections.
Gallbladder torsion
Authors: Hamblin Hayley M. , Goel Amitabh , Pennington Jared R. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Gallbladder torsion is a rare cause of acute surgical abdomen. Early recognition and surgical intervention are important for reducing complications and improving postoperative patient outcomes, but standard imaging and laboratory evaluation typically are indistinguishable from those of acute cholecystitis. This article describes a patient with gangrenous cholecystitis secondary to torsion and summarizes recommendations for evaluation and management.
Mitigating Persistent Symptoms Following Rehabilitation in Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Dupuis Frédérique , Roy Jean-Sébastien , Lachance Anthony , Tougas Arielle , Gagnon Martine , Marier-Deschênes Pascale , Pinard Anne Marie , Massé-Alarie Hugo 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The majority of patients with musculoskeletal pain (62% to 64%) achieve their treatment goals upon completing rehabilitation. However, a high re-consultation rate after discharge is frequently reported. Numerous authors have recognized the necessity of secondary prevention programs (after-discharge strategy) to ensure that the gains are maintained or further pursued after the completion of a rehabilitation program. Little is known about the different strategies currently in use, and a detailed review of the existing strategies is needed for future integration into the healthcare systems.

Objective:
This review systematically scopes and synthesizes the after-discharge strategies reported in the literature following rehabilitation for individuals experiencing musculoskeletal pain.

Methods:
Four databases (OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, and OVID PsycInfo) were screened from their inception until May 4, 2023. Literature search, screening, and extraction were performed according to the PRISMA extension for scoping review guidelines.

Results:
Different after-discharge strategies were identified and grouped into 2 main categories: (1) in-person and (2) remote strategies. In-person strategies included (1.1) in-person booster sessions and (1.2) the use of existing community programs after discharge. Remote strategies included remote strategies that (2.1) involve a health care professional service or (2.2) strategies that do not involve any health care professional service.

Discussion:
We identified various after-discharge strategies designed to sustain gains and improve patients’ self-management skills following the completion of a rehabilitation program. The existence of numerous promising strategies suggests their potential suitability for various contexts.
Short-term Outcomes of Pancreatoduodenectomy in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hajibandeh Shahab , Hajibandeh Shahin , Puthiyakunnel Saji Alwin , Ashabi Ayman , Brown Christopher , Mowbray Nicholas G , Mortimer Matthew , Shingler Guy , Kambal Amir , Al-Sarireh Bilal 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to compare short-term outcomes of pancreatoduodenectomy between patients with and without liver cirrhosis (LC).

Background:
It is not uncommon to encounter a patient with LC and with an indication for pancreatoduodenectomy; however, the knowledge on the outcomes after pancreatoduodenectomy in patients with LC is poorly developed.

Methods:
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement standards. Short-term outcomes of pancreatoduodenectomy between patients with and without LC were compared using random effects modeling and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE system.

Results:
Analysis of 18,184 patients from 11 studies suggested LC increased the risk of postoperative mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 3.94, P < 0.00001), major complications (OR: 2.25, P = 0.0002), and pancreatic fistula (OR: 1.73, P = 0.03); it resulted in more blood loss (mean difference [MD]: 204.74 ml, P = 0.0003) and longer hospital stay (MD: 2.05 days, P < 0.00001). LC did not affect delayed gastric emptying (OR: 1.33, P = 0.21), postoperative bleeding (OR: 1.28, P = 0.42), and operative time (MD: 3.47 minutes, P = 0.51). Among the patients with LC, Child-Pugh B or C class increased blood loss (MD: 293.33 ml, P < 0.00001), and portal hypertension increased postoperative mortality (OR: 2.41, P = 0.01); the other outcomes were not affected.

Conclusions:
Robust evidence with high certainty suggests LC of any severity with or without portal hypertension results in at least a fourfold increase in mortality and a twofold increase in morbidity after pancreatoduodenectomy. Whether such risks increase with the severity of the liver disease or decrease with optimization of underlying liver disease should be the focus of future research.
The Role of Routine Pathologic Assessment After Pediatric Osteochondroma Excision
Authors: Wall Lindley B. , Clever David , Wessel Lauren E. , McDonald Douglas J. , Goldfarb Charles A. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Osteochondromas are benign osseous lesions often excised for pain, growth abnormalities, and aesthetic concerns. While characteristic clinical and radiographic features leave little diagnostic ambiguity in most cases of osteochondroma, pathologic analysis to confirm the diagnosis and screen for malignancy is routinely performed following surgical excision. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical and economic value of routine pathologic analysis after osteochondroma excision in a pediatric population.

Methods:
A retrospective review of clinical records from 2 pediatric orthopaedic hospitals (St. Louis Children’s Hospital and Shriner’s Hospital for Children, St. Louis) identified 426 osteochondroma lesions surgically resected from 201 patients. Patients with solitary and multiple lesions were included. Clinical, radiographic, and surgical data were recorded for each resection surgery. Pathologic reports were evaluated. Costs incurred for routine pathologic assessment was also noted.

Results:
Totally, 132 patients were treated with surgical resection of a solitary osteochondroma lesion, while an additional 291 lesions were resected from 69 patients with multiple lesions. Average age at the time of surgical resection was 13.0 years (2.1 to 17.9). The most common anatomic locations of excised lesions included the distal femur (110, 25.8%), proximal tibia/fibula (95, 22.3%), and distal radius/ulna (58, 13.6%). All resected specimens were sent for pathologic analysis. The average size of the resected lesions was 19.9 mm3 (0.02 to 385.0 mm3). In all cases, the histologic diagnosis confirmed benign osteochondroma. The total charges of pathologic analysis including processing and interpretation fees was ∼$755.00 for each lesion assessed, for a total cohort charge of $321,630.

Conclusion:
We propose that in most cases of pediatric osteochondroma excision procedures, postoperative histologic analysis is not strictly indicated as it rarely, if ever, alters diagnosis or management. We suggest using a “gross only” analysis in these cases. However, we do believe that with preoperative diagnostic ambiguity, or if patients present with concerning features such as rapidly expansile lesions or cortical destruction, have axial skeleton or pelvic involvement, or enlarged cartilaginous caps, full histologic evaluation of the excised lesions will continue to be prudent.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
Ideal Lumbar Lordosis Correction in Patients with Adult Spinal Deformity Without Adversely Impacting Pelvic Tilt and Pelvic Incidence Minus Lumbar Lordosis
Authors: Park Se-Jun , Park Jin-Sung , Kang Dong-Ho , Lee Chong-Suh 
Published: June 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective study.

Objectives.
To determine the ideal pelvic incidence (PI) – lumbar lordosis (LL) range to prevent pelvic tilt (PT) undercorrection while avoiding PI-LL overcorrection following adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.

Summary of Background.
PI-LL and PT are the important sagittal parameters to be restored to an adequate range by surgery. Ideal PI-LL target without causing PI-LL overcorrection and PT undercorrection has not been documented.

Methods.
We included patients with ASD undergoing ≥5-level fusion including the sacrum. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to calculate the lower limit of the ideal PI-LL without causing PI-LL overcorrection and the upper limit of ideal PI-LL without causing PT undercorrection. The calculated ideal PI-LL was validated in terms of proximal junctional kyphosis and failure (PJK and PJF) rates and clinical outcomes. Analyses were performed according to age subgroups (<70 and ≥70 y).

Results.
In total, 426 patients were included in the study. Female patients were predominant (85.4%), with a mean age of 69.8 years. The lower limits of PI-LL were calculated as 4.9° for all patients, 2.3° for patients aged <70 years, and 7.9° for patients aged ≥70 years. Meanwhile, the upper limits of PI-LL were calculated as 12.7° for all patients, 12.5° for patients aged <70 years, and 13.3° for patients aged ≥70 years. There were no significant differences in the PJK and PJF rates among the new three PI-LL groups. Clinical outcomes were significantly better in patients with the ideal PI-LL group than those in patients with overcorrection or undercorrection groups for all age groups.

Conclusion.
The ideal PI-LL correction target without adversely impacting PT and PI-LL was calculated at 2.3°–12.5° for patients aged <70 years and 7.9°–13.3° for patients aged ≥70 years. These guideline parameters may help ensure optimal clinical outcomes without increasing the risk of PJK/F.
Obesity Does Not Negatively Affect Patient-perceived Outcomes After Cervical Disc Replacement for Disc Herniation
Authors: Anwar Fatima N. , Roca Andrea M. , Loya Alexandra C. , Medakkar Srinath S. , Hartman Timothy J. , Nie James W. , MacGregor Keith R. , Oyetayo Omolabake O. , Zheng Eileen , Federico Vincent P. , Massel Dustin H. , Sayari Arash J. , Lopez Gregory D. , Singh Kern 
Published: June 2024

Study Design:
Retrospective review.

Objective:
To assess the impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after cervical disc replacement (CDR).

Background:
BMI may affect PROMs after spine surgery.

Methods:
Primary CDR recipients for herniated disc(s) with BMI <40 were retrospectively selected from a single-surgeon registry. Cohorts were divided into non-obese (BMI <30) and obese (BMI ≥30). Intercohort in-hospital complication rates were compared through independent samples t tests. Pre/postoperative PROMs were compared between cohorts through multivariable regression accounting for demographic differences. Final follow-up dates between patients averaged 11.8 ± 9.3 months. PROMs assessed included Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–Physical Function, Neck Disability Index, Visual Analog Scale–Neck, Visual Analog Scale–Arm, and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Improvements in PROMs were evaluated and compared at each follow-up within cohorts through paired t tests. The magnitude of improvement in PROMs from preoperative baseline at 6-week follow-up (∆PROM-6W) and final follow-up (∆PROM-FF) along with achievement rates of minimum clinically important differences were compared between cohorts through multivariable regression accounting for demographic differences.

Results:
Of 153 patients, 53 patients were noted as obese. Demographic differences included age, prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and comorbidity burden scores (P ≤ 0.011, all). No significant variations in in-hospital complications were found. The non-obese cohort demonstrated improvements in all PROMs at 6 weeks and final follow-up periods (P ≤ 0.005, all). The obese cohort demonstrated improvements in all postoperative PROMs besides 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire at 6 weeks (P ≤ 0.015, all). After accounting for age and comorbidity variations, there were no significant intercohort differences in raw PROM scores, ∆PROM-6W, ∆PROM-FF, or minimum clinically important difference achievement rates.

Conclusions:
Regardless of BMI, patients experience significant improvements in physical function, disability, pain, and mental health after CDR for disc herniation. Patients with obesity do not suffer inferior patient-perceived outcomes after CDR. These findings may help surgeons counsel patients in the preoperative period.