bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pellino-3 promotes endotoxin tolerance and acts as a negative regulator of TLR2 and TLR4 signaling
Authors: Murphy Michael B , Xiong Yanbao , Pattabiraman Goutham , Manavalan Tissa T , Qiu Fu , Medvedev Andrei E 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Development of endotoxin tolerance in macrophages during sepsis reprograms Toll-like receptor 4 signaling to inhibit proinflammatory cytokines without suppressing anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial mediators and protects the host from excessive inflammation and tissue damage. However, endotoxin tolerance renders septic patients immunocompromised and unable to control secondary infections. Although previous studies have revealed the importance of several negative regulators of Toll-like receptor signaling in endotoxin tolerance, the role of Pellino proteins has not been addressed. The present report shows that the induction of endotoxin tolerance in vivo in mice and in vitro in human monocytes and THP-1 and MonoMac-6 macrophages increases the expression of Pellino-3. Overexpression of Pellino-3 in human embryonic kidney 293/Toll-like receptor 2 or 293/Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor-2 cells inhibited Toll-like receptor 2/4-mediated activation of nuclear factor-κB and induction of CXCL-8 mRNA, and Pellino-3 ablation increased these responses. Pellino-3-deficient THP-1 cells had elevated Toll-like receptor 2/4-driven tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 mRNA, and Toll-like receptor 4-driven CCL5 gene expression in response to Toll-like receptor agonists and heat-killed Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, cytokines controlled by the MyD88 and Toll-interleukin-1R domain-containing protein inducing interferon-β-mediated pathways, respectively. In addition, deficiency in Pellino-3 slightly increased phagocytosis of heat-killed bacteria. Transfected Pellino-3 inhibited nuclear factor-κB activation driven by overexpression of MyD88, TIR domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-β, interleukin-1R-associated kinase-1, and tumor necrosis factor receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB-binding kinase-1, TGF-β-activated kinase 1, and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6, and inhibited interleukin-1R-associated kinase 1 modifications and tumor necrosis factor receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB-binding kinase 1 phosphorylation. Finally, Pellino-3 ablation in THP-1 decreased the extent of endotoxin tolerization. Thus, Pellino-3 is involved in endotoxin tolerance and functions as a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 2/4 signaling.
Staurosporine resistance in inflammatory neutrophils is associated with the inhibition of caspase- and proteasome-mediated Mcl-1 degradation
Authors: Hornstein Tamara , Lehmann Sarah , Philipp Denise , Detmer Susanne , Hoffmann Michèle , Peter Christoph , Wesselborg Sebastian , Unfried Klaus , Windolf Joachim , Flohé Sascha , Paunel-Görgülü Adnana 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Apoptosis resistance in activated neutrophils is known to be associated with collateral damage of surrounding tissue, as well as immune and organ dysfunction. Thus, the safe removal of neutrophils by apoptosis induction represents a prerequisite for the resolution of inflammation. Here, we report that intrinsic apoptosis resistance in human neutrophils, isolated from severely injured patients, is based on enhanced stabilization of antiapoptotic myeloid cell leukemia 1 and subsequent impairment of downstream apoptotic pathways. Whereas extrinsic apoptosis induction by the activation of Fas death receptor on inflammatory neutrophils was accompanied by caspase- and proteasome-mediated myeloid cell leukemia 1 degradation, intrinsic apoptosis induction by staurosporine led to a significant stabilization of myeloid cell leukemia 1 protein, which impeded on truncated forms of B cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein and B cell lymphoma 2 homology domain 3-interacting domain death translocation and subsequent cytochrome c release from the mitochondria. We show further that profound inhibition of myeloid cell leukemia 1 degradation is based on the inhibition of caspases and sustained activation of kinases involved in cell survival, such as Akt. Accordingly, impeded myeloid cell leukemia 1 phosphorylation on Ser159 by glycogen synthase kinase 3 and protein ubiquitination has been demonstrated. Inhibition of myeloid cell leukemia 1 activity markedly increased sensitivity to staurosporine-induced cell death. Altogether, these results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying myeloid cell leukemia 1-mediated apoptosis resistance to staurosporine under inflammatory situations and should be considered for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Intra- and Intermolecular Reactivity of Triplet Sumanenetrione
Authors: Kanahara Kousei , Badal MD Mizanur Rahman , Hatano Sayaka , Abe Manabu , Higashibayashi Shuhei , Takashina Naoto , Sakurai Hidehiro 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The intra- and intermolecular reactivity of triplet sumanenetrione 31, which contains a curved π-system, were investigated to characterize the triplet aromatic ketone. The lowest ππ* triplet energy and lifetime were determined from phosphorescence measurements at 77 K to be 196 kJ mol−1 and 9.5 ms in methylcyclohexane, respectively. The transient ππ* triplet state 31 was detected by laser flash photolysis at 293 K and found to be significantly short-lived, e.g., 53.9 µs in degassed benzene, compared to a planar ππ* triplet ketone such as fluorenone triplet (500 µs). The fast intersystem crossing process (ISC) of 31 was attributed to the curved structure of the sumanenetrione, which enhances spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The ππ* character was proven by its negligible quenching by isopropanol, i.e., kq &lt; 4.50 × 103 M−1 s−1, although the quenching rate constants for molecular oxygen and triethylamine in benzene were high: 1.0 × 109 M−1 s−1 and 4.0 × 108 M−1 s−1. The ππ* character of the triplet state was also proven by the relatively small electron spin resonance zero-field splitting parameter, |D|/hc, in toluene at 78 K, which was found to be 0.0621 cm−1. The |E|/hc parameter was determined to be 0.0071 cm−1.
Finding indexes of spontaneous brain-to-brain communications when looking for a cause of the similarity of qualia assumed across individuals
Authors: Bouten Sheila , Pantecouteau Hugo , Debruille J. Bruno 
Published: August 2015

Qualia, the individual instances of subjective conscious experience, are private events. However, in everyday life, we assume qualia of others and their perceptual worlds, to be similar to ours. One way this similarity is possible is if qualia of others somehow contribute to the production of qualia by our own brain and vice versa. To test this hypothesis, we focused on the mean voltages of event-related potentials (ERPs) in the time-window of the P600 component, whose amplitude correlates positively with conscious awareness. These ERPs were elicited by stimuli of the international affective picture system in 16 pairs of friends, siblings or couples going side by side through hyperscanning without having to interact. Each of the 32 members of these 16 pairs faced one half of the screen and could not see what the other member was presented with on the other half. One stimulus occurred on each half simultaneously. The sameness of these stimulus pairs was manipulated as well as the participants’ belief in that sameness by telling subjects’ pairs that they were going to be presented with the same stimuli in two blocks and with different ones in the two others. In the P600 time window, belief, and thus social cognition, was found to have an effect on ERPs only at left anterior electrode sites. In contrast, ERPs were more positive at all electrode subsets for stimulus pairs that were inconsistent with the belief than for those that were consistent. In the N400 time window, at frontal electrode sites, ERPs were again more positive for inconsistent than for consistent stimuli. As participants had no way to see the stimulus their partner was presented with, and thus no way to detect inconsistence, we proposed that these data could support the existence of spontaneous brain-to-brain communications. Such communications might provide a research avenue when trying to explain the similarity of qualia across individuals, which is assumed in virtually all instants of every day life.
Double blinding requirement for validity claims in cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention trials for major depressive disorder. Analysis of Hollon S, et al., Effect of cognitive therapy with antidepressant medications vs antidepressants alone on the rate of recovery in major depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Berger Douglas 
Published: August 2015

This paper will focus on problems in the inability to double-blind cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) studies for major depressive disorder (MDD), and provides an analysis of a recently published study to show how this problem can lead to faulty conclusions.A study by Hollon et al. published in JAMA Psychiatry that compared an antidepressant medication-only arm with a combined CBT/antidepressant arm concluded that the cognitive therapy/antidepressant combination enhanced the recovery rates compared with antidepressant alone, and that the magnitude of this increment nearly doubled for patients with more severe depression.We propose that for subjects with greater severity, there could have been both antidepressant efficacy as well as more hope and expectation in the group who knew they had received combined cognitive therapy/medication, leading to an erroneous conclusion of greater efficacy for the combined group. The large subject number in this study could easily lead to an erroneous finding on statistical testing as a small amount of bias in the subjects adds-up.We opine that the conclusions of unblind CBT outcome research in conditions with subjective endpoints such as MDD need to be given with great caution. The validity of CBT (and its derivatives such as dialectical behavioral therapy) for indications other than MDD is also part of a larger problem in the inability to blind outcome studies for these interventions.
Making the Oxford Hip and Knee Scores meaningful at the patient level through normative scoring and registry data
Authors: Hamilton D. F. , Giesinger J. M. , Patton J. T. , MacDonald D. J. , Simpson A. H. R. W. , Howie C. R. , Giesinger K. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives The Oxford Hip and Knee Scores (OHS, OKS) have been demonstrated to vary according to age and gender, making it difficult to compare results in cohorts with different demographics. The aim of this paper was to calculate reference values for different patient groups and highlight the concept of normative reference data to contextualise an individual’s outcome. Methods We accessed prospectively collected OHS and OKS data for patients undergoing lower limb joint arthroplasty at a single orthopaedic teaching hospital during a five-year period. T-scores were calculated based on the OHS and OKS distributions. Results Data were obtained from 3203 total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients and 2742 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. The mean age of the patient was 68.0 years (sd 11.3, 58.4% women) in the THA group and in 70.2 (sd 9.4; 57.5% women) in the TKA group. T-scores were calculated for age and gender subgroups by operation. Different T-score thresholds are seen at different time points pre and post surgery. Values are further stratified by operation (THA/TKA) age and gender. Conclusions Normative data interpretation requires a fundamental shift in the thinking as to the use of the Oxford Scores. Instead of reporting actual score points, the patient is rated by their relative position within the group of all patients undergoing the same procedure. It is proposed that this form of transformation is beneficial (a) for more appropriately comparing different patient cohorts and (b) informing an individual patient how they are progressing compared with others of their age and gender. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:137–144
Evaluating drama in education through the capability approach
Authors: Ho Lai-shan , Ridley Barbara 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study attempts to understand the challenges faced by teachers when using drama-based pedagogy in teaching by looking at three secondary schools in Hong Kong. It also examines the consistency between the reform and its implementation by investigating the experience of the three schools. The study is based on the Education for Capability approach pioneered by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum. The research adopted a qualitative approach, with in-depth case studies conducted from 2006 to 2010 in three Hong Kong government-subsidized English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) secondary schools that use drama pedagogies in their daily teaching. Data were collected through document review, observation and interviews with principals, teachers and students. The experiences of these three secondary schools suggest that the promotion of student-focused education by the government has injected energy to the reform and helped to nurture the development of educational drama in some Hong Kong secondary schools. However, internal and external conversion factors inhibited its adoption, making teachers question the practicality and feasibility of a wider use of drama pedagogy in their schools, however much they value – and have reason to value – it.
Ethnic differences vs nationhood in times of national crises: The role of social media and communication strategies
Authors: Wachanga D. Ndirangu 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Are there events that temporarily unite differences among ethnic groups in a multiethnic nation state? Using a Kenya’s drought-relief initiative, dubbed Kenyans4Kenya (K4K), this article responds to this question. It uses framing analysis to examine how K4K and its followers constructed messages to deliberately generate empathy for the drought victims. Messages on K4K’s Facebook page were placed in three collective frames: diagnostic, prognostic and motivational. They were also coded according to three identified thematic frames: anti-regime, humanitarian, and patriotism/ national pride. The findings of this study demonstrate the success of K4K in its ability to frame a humanitarian crisis in a way that rendered the divisive fissures of ethnic differences temporarily insignificance and inconspicuous. K4K successfully cast the pain and suffering of the drought victims as unwarranted by locating its discourse within the ambit of a nation that had failed to provide its citizens with the very basic of human rights.
Nollywood online: Between the individual consumption and communal reception of Nigerian films among African diaspora
Authors: Dekie Afra , Meers Philippe , Winkel Roel Vande , Bauwel Sofie Van , Smets Kevin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Various video-on-demand (VOD) platforms streaming Nigerian films have popped up on the Internet since 2011. These VOD platforms facilitate the consumption of Nigerian films among African diaspora. Despite an increasing academic interest for Nollywood audiences, these new modes of viewing Nigerian films online have yet to be explored. In this article, we will therefore give attention to the consumption and reception of Nigerian films on the Internet among African diaspora of Nigerian, Ghanaian and Cameroonian origin in the cities of Antwerp and Ghent, Belgium. In this study, we adopted a media ethnographic approach, including fieldwork and semi-structured in-depth interviews. Although scholars have suggested that the Internet fragments and individualizes film viewing, the results of this study show that indeed online Nigerian films are most often watched individually by the respondents, yet the reception of the films remains a social practice of shared meaning-making.
The use of sequencer tools during the composition process: A field study
Authors: Méndez Francisco José Cuadrado 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study analyses the influence that new tools and resources in popular sequencing software have over the composition process. An analysis of the different resources of a software sequencer (Cubase 7) has been combined with a field study among 220 musicians from different countries that use this sequencer. A specially designed questionnaire has been used to collect information about the frequency use of different tools, the stage of use of them and the way the use of the sequencer influences their personal and professional development. The study has evidenced that certain tools have been fully incorporated into the composition process, while others are practically not used, or its use relies on different factors. The use of the sequencer has also clear positive effects on musicians and their creative process. Finally, the field research has helped to define and characterize different kinds of workflows in the composition process.
The travelling sonnet: The key role of technology in an inter-university cultural heritage project
Authors: Berbel-Gómez Noemy , Cabedo-Mas Alberto , Riaño-Galán María-Elena , Arriaga-Sanz Cristina , Díaz-Gómez Maravillas 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Students on the undergraduate degree in Primary Education in Spain took part in this inter-university experience within the subject of Didactics of Musical Expression. Eleven teachers and 307 students from four Spanish universities were involved in the experience, which took place in the academic year 2012–2013. The four universities were the University of the Basque Country, the University of Cantabria, University Jaume I of Castellon and the University of the Balearic Islands. The aim of the experience was to discover the traditional culture in various Spanish regions through an interdisciplinary and creative project. Based on cooperative methodology, each class in the four universities was divided into work groups of five to seven students. Technologies played an essential role in developing and coordinating the experience, as the students were able to interact and learn about the work being carried out in the other universities through virtual platforms and networks. The results of the evaluation process undertaken with the students and teachers showed that the experience had helped them to acquire basic competencies and knowledge about intangible cultural heritage and that it was a source of exchange and enrichment for both students and teachers.
‘Is it okay to use the mobile phone?’ Student use of information technology in pop-band rehearsals in Swedish music education
Authors: Wallerstedt Cecilia , Hillman Thomas 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study examines IT use by year-9 students performing in pop ensembles, drawing on eight weeks of video observations. The data are analysed with a sociocultural perspective on what tools are used, what meanings they mediate and how they are socially constructed. The results show that, while notations were exclusively down- loaded from the Internet and almost all students used mobile phones to listen to the songs they performed, other types of IT use were rare. To illustrate more extensive use, one case involving how to play the bridge in a song has been analysed in detail. This speaks to the broader finding of the study that the availability of IT and the potential for seeking information and creating music implies little on its own for how technology is used in music classrooms. Pedagogical implications are discussed in relation to the intersection between formal and informal learning and IT use in music education.
Five notes on collateral art
Authors: Theodoridou Danae , Georgelou Konstantina , Janša Janez 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
With the term “collateral art”, Janez Janša discusses works created as “side effects”, as a collateral consequence of an action. He uses the term to refer to the side effects that the changing of their names had in the case of the three Slovenian artists Janez Janša, Janez Janša and Janez Janša. This series of “side effects” is revealing the complicit character of the functioning of art in contemporary society.
Reenactment and the rhythm of thinking together
Authors: Bleeker Maaike 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This text elaborates structural relationships between Deleuze and Guattari’s understanding of thinking (in their What is Philosophy?) and the ways in which writing opens dimensions of the virtual as accounted for by Rotman. In both, virtual agents or ‘I’s mediate how thinking and imagining are understood to proceed. Deleuze and Guattari’s explanation of thinking has incorporated the cut inaugurated by writing – the cut disconnecting expressions and ideas from the situation of enunciation – and this is reflected in an understanding of thought as something a thinker finds her bearings in, rather than something originating from her. Here, as I will show, the theatrical practice of reenactment presents an image of how we find our bearings in thought.
Memories of the theatrum mundi
Authors: Schallenberg André 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Andrzej Wirth is considered one of the theoretical founders of the term “post-dramatic theatre”. With Flucht nach vorn, he now presents his memoirs, compiled in an interview and essay volume, beginning with his work in the 1950s in Poland and Germany, via his time in the USA in the 1960s and 1970s, and finishing with his direction of the Institute for Applied Theatre Studies in Gießen, Germany, and his preoccupation with modern performance theatre.
On thinking: Appearances and withdrawals
Authors: Protopapa Efrosini 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article explores “thinking” both as a form of doing and as an activity that is performed. It asks how thinking appears in performance (and in writing) through a close reading of Arendt and Heidegger. The implications of the concepts of withdrawal and solitude proposed by the two philosophers are discussed in relation to task-based performance, but also in the context of the specific parameters of the project Syros, which invited a group of thinkers to spend time writing together, to co-operate while working mostly privately. Thinking as a solitary activity is put forward as a precondition for being with others, while the task of writing (or dancing or performing) becomes the very condition for doing thinking.