bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado
Authors: Pigati Jeffrey S. , Miller Ian M. , Johnson Kirk R. , Honke Jeffrey S. , Carrara Paul E. , Muhs Daniel R. , Skipp Gary , Bryant Bruce 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe geologic setting of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site is somewhat unusual — the sediments containing the Pleistocene fossils were deposited in a lake on top of a ridge. The lake basin was formed near Snowmass Village, Colorado (USA) when a glacier flowing down Snowmass Creek Valley became thick enough to overtop a low point in the eastern valley wall and entered the head of Brush Creek Valley. When the glacier retreated at about 155–130 ka, near the end of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 6, the Brush Creek Valley lobe left behind a moraine that impounded a small alpine lake. The lake was initially ~ 10 m deep and appears to have been highly productive during most of its existence, based on the abundant and exquisitely preserved organic material present in the sediments. Over time, the basin slowly filled with (mostly) eolian sediment such that by ~ 87 ka it contained a marsh or wetland rather than a true lake. Open-water conditions returned briefly between ~ 77 and 55 ka before the impoundment was finally breached to the east, establishing ties with the Brush Creek drainage system and creating an alpine meadow that persisted until historic times.
The quasi-static growth of CO2 bubbles
Authors: Enríquez Oscar R. , Sun Chao , Lohse Detlef , Prosperetti Andrea , van der Meer Devaraj 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe study experimentally the growth of an isolated gas bubble in a slightly supersaturated water–CO2 solution at 6 atm pressure. In contrast to what was found in previous experiments at higher supersaturation, the time evolution of the bubble radius differs noticeably from existing theoretical solutions. We trace the differences back to several combined effects of the concentration boundary layer around the bubble, which we disentangle in this work. In the early phase, the interaction with the surface on which the bubble grows slows down the process. In contrast, in the final phase, before bubble detachment, the growth rate is enhanced by the onset of density-driven convection. We also show that the bubble growth is affected by prior growth and detachment events, though they are up to 15 min apart.
Dramaturging The Tempest: A Pedagogical Forum
Authors: Kelly Philippa 
Published: February 2014

“Dramaturging The Tempest: A Pedagogical Forum,” uses dramaturgy—the interface between research and its practical application in the theatre—as a way of preparing The Tempest for a college course curriculum. The article aims to show instructors how to teach dramaturgy as an explication of The Tempest and how to use The Tempest as a means of teaching dramaturgy. The objective is for students to emerge from the course conversant in how to be dramaturgs in the preparation of a professional production. Dramaturgy also illuminates the highly metadramatic underscoring of The Tempest, a play that constantly invites its own characters to be audience to, and critics of, Prospero’s carefully constructed “worldview.”My brief for this journal issue is to write an essay on The Tempest that can be used as an explication de texte for teaching postcolonial studies. As a practicing dramaturg, I’ve decided to focus on postcolonial dramaturgy. What does a dramaturg do? What can be gained from dramaturgical teaching, and how is it prepared for? What skills will students develop?
DIGNITY AS A MORAL CONCEPT
Authors: Bird Colin 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAlthough dignity figures prominently in modern ethical discourse, and in the writings of moral and political philosophers writing today, we still lack a clear account of how the concept of dignity might be implicated in various forms of moral reasoning. This essay tries to make progress on two fronts. First, it attempts to clarify the possible roles the concept of dignity might play in moral discourse, with particular reference to Hart's distinction between positive and critical morality. Second, it offers a new typology of dignity concepts and mobilizes it to, on the one hand, criticize some familiar construals of “human dignity” and, on the other, to advertise the possible virtues of an unfamiliar way of thinking about dignity as a moral concept.
MORALITIES ARE A SIGN-LANGUAGE OF THE AFFECTS
Authors: Leiter Brian 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis essay offers an interpretation and partial defense of Nietzsche's idea that moralities and moral judgments are “sign-languages” or “symptoms” of our affects, that is, of our emotions or feelings. According to Nietzsche, as I reconstruct his view, moral judgments result from the interaction of two kinds of affective responses: first, a “basic affect” of inclination toward or aversion from certain acts, and then a further affective response (the “meta-affect”) to that basic affect (that is, sometimes we can be either inclined towards or averted from our basic affects). I argue that Nietzsche views basic affects asnoncognitive, that is, as identifiable solely by how they feel to the subject who experiences the affect. By contrast, I suggest that meta-affects (I focus on guilt and shame) sometimes incorporate acognitivecomponent like belief. After showing how this account of moral judgment comports with a reading of Nietzsche's moral philosophy that I have offered in previous work, I conclude by adducing philosophical and empirical psychological reasons for thinking that Nietzsche's account of moral judgment is correct.
THE LIMITS OF BACKGROUND JUSTICE
Authors: Sinclair Thomas Porter 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe argument from background justice is that conformity to Lockean principles of justice in agreements and transactions does not preclude the development of inequalities that undermine the freedom and fairness of those very transactions, and that, therefore, special principles are needed to regulate society's “basic structure.” Rawls offers this argument as his “first kind of reason” for taking the basic structure to be the primary subject of justice. Here I explore the background justice argument and its implications for questions about the scope of distributive justice. As it turns out, the background justice argument can offer no independent support for conclusions about the scope of distributive justice. For the special principles that it justifies inherit their scope from conclusions that must be established or assumed in advance. These prior conclusions are precisely what is at issue in debates about global justice.
IS THERE A MORAL DUTY TO OBEY THE LAW?
Authors: Hasnas John 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis essay argues that there can be a duty to obey the law when it is produced by the evolutionary forces at work in the customary and common law. Human beings' inherent epistemic limitations mean that they must rely on the trial and error learning built into the common law process to discover rules that facilitate peaceful social interaction. Hence, a duty to obey the law produced by the common law process can arise from individuals' natural duty to promote social peace. This argument cannot be extended to ground political obligation. It does not give rise to a duty to obey the state.
A Sustainable Training Strategy for Improving Health Care Following a Catastrophic Radiological or Nuclear Incident
Authors: Blumenthal Daniel J. , Bader Judith L. , Christensen Doran , Koerner John , Cuellar John , Hinds Sidney , Crapo John , Glassman Erik , Potter A. Bradley , Singletary Lynda 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe detonation of a nuclear device in a US city would be catastrophic. Enormous loss of life and injuries would characterize an incident with profound human, political, social, and economic implications. Nevertheless, most responders have not received sufficient training about ionizing radiation, principles of radiation safety, or managing, diagnosing, and treating radiation-related injuries and illnesses. Members throughout the health care delivery system, including medical first responders, hospital first receivers, and health care institution support personnel such as janitors, hospital administrators, and security personnel, lack radiation-related training. This lack of knowledge can lead to failure of these groups to respond appropriately after a nuclear detonation or other major radiation incident and limit the effectiveness of the medical response and recovery effort. Efficacy of the response can be improved by getting each group the information it needs to do its job. This paper proposes a sustainable training strategy for spreading curricula throughout the necessary communities. It classifies the members of the health care delivery system into four tiers and identifies tasks for each tier and the radiation-relevant knowledge needed to perform these tasks. By providing education through additional modules to existing training structures, connecting radioactive contamination control to daily professional practices, and augmenting these systems with just-in-time training, the strategy creates a sustainable mechanism for giving members of the health care community improved ability to respond during a radiological or nuclear crisis, reducing fatalities, mitigating injuries, and improving the resiliency of the community.BlumethalD, BaderJ, ChristensenD, KoernerJ, CuellarJ, HindsS, CrapoJ, GlassmanES, PotterAB, SingletaryL. A sustainable training strategy for improving health care following a catastrophic radiological or nuclear incident. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(1):80-86.
Modernization, dependency, and the global in Mexican critiques of anthropology
Authors: Rosemblatt Karin Alejandra 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis articles examines the links between Mexican anthropologists who – as part of a 1960s-era revolt, rejected prior anthropological approaches, which they labelled imperialist – and social science currents in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. They also took inspiration from anti-colonial movements. They spurned modernization theories that focused on the multiple economic, cultural, and psychological factors that might spur US-style capitalist economic growth and that sought to overcome the internal, national brakes on progress. Instead, they embraced dependency theories that linked the ‘internal’ (national) to the ‘external’ (global) and privileged revolutionary changes that implied a radically changed relation to the global capitalist world system. Yet dependency and modernization theories emerged within a shared intellectual space. Even as many intellectuals rejected US models of economic development, they accepted the primacy accorded to economics and technology and the notion that science was a global enterprise aimed at generating universal knowledge.
Temporally selective contextual encoding in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus
Authors: Rangel L.M. , Alexander A.S. , Aimone J.B. , Wiles J. , Gage F.H. , Chiba A.A. , Quinn L.K. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA recent model of the hippocampus predicts that the unique properties of the dentate gyrus allow for temporal separation of events. This temporal separation is accomplished in part through the continual generation of new neurons, which, due to a transient window of hyperexcitability, could allow for preferential encoding of information present during their development. Here we obtain in vivo electrophysiological recordings and identify a cell population exhibiting activity that is selective to single contexts when rats experience a long temporal separation between context exposures during training. This selectivity is attenuated as the temporal separation between context exposures is shortened and is further attenuated when neurogenesis is reduced. Our data reveal the existence of a temporal orthogonalizing neuronal code within the dentate gyrus, a hallmark feature of episodic memory.
Anti-Stokes Fluorescent Probe with Incoherent Excitation
Authors: Li Yang , Zhou Shifeng , Dong Guoping , Peng Mingying , Wondraczek Lothar , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAlthough inorganic anti-Stokes fluorescent probes have long been developed, the operational mode of today's most advanced examples still involves the harsh requirement of coherent laser excitation, which often yields unexpected light disturbance or even photon-induced deterioration during optical imaging. Here, we demonstrate an efficient anti-Stokes fluorescent probe with incoherent excitation. We show that the probe can be operated under light-emitting diode excitation and provides tunable anti-Stokes energy shift and decay kinetics, which allow for rapid and deep tissue imaging over a very large area with negligible photodestruction. Charging of the probe can be achieved by either X-rays or ultraviolet-visible light irradiation, which enables multiplexed detection and function integration with standard X-ray medical imaging devices.
Nonlinear limit of alternative method to 2 × 2 MIMO for LTE RoF system
Authors: Kanesan T. , Rajbhandari S. , Giacoumidis E. , Aldaya I. 
Published: February 2014

Owing to the limited cell size of eNodeB (eNB), the relay node has emerged as an attractive solution for the long‐term evolution (LTE) system. The nonlinear limit of the alternative method to multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) based on frequency division multiplexing (FDM) for orthogonal FDM (OFDM) is analysed over varying transmission spans. In this reported work, it is shown that the degradation pattern over the linear, intermixing and nonlinear propagation regions is consistent for the 2 and the 2.6 GHz bands. The proposed bands experienced a linear increase in the error vector magnitude (EVM) for both the linear and the nonlinear regions proportional to the increasing transmission spans. In addition, an optical launch power between −2 and 2 dBm achieved a significantly lower EVM than the LTE limit of 8% for the 10–60 km spans.
Radio frequency signals synthesised from independent cryogenic sapphire oscillators
Authors: Hartnett J.G. , Parker S.R. , Ivanov E.N. , Povey T. , Nand N.R. , le Floch J.‐M. 
Published: February 2014

The phase noise and frequency stability measurements of 1 GHz, 100 MHz and 10 MHz signals are presented which have been synthesised from the 11.2 GHz outputs of two nominally identical independent cryogenic microwave sapphire oscillators.
Multilayer, low‐parasitic, interconnection scheme for advanced submillimetre‐wave GaN circuits
Authors: Margomenos A. , Shinohara K. , Regan D.C. , Corrion A.L. , Brown D.F. , Tang Y. , Butler C. , Schmitz A. , Robinson J.F. , Kim S. , McGuire C. , Micovic M. 
Published: February 2014

A multilayer, low‐parasitic interconnection scheme for highly scaled GaN high electron mobility transistors is reported. The fabrication process offers three Au interconnects embedded in benzocyclobutene (BCB) dielectric, with an integrated air‐box in the active area in order to minimise the gate parasitic capacitances. With the addition of the air‐box, it is demonstrated that the performance of the BCB encapsulated device is similar to that of a non‐encapsulated device. Furthermore, by utilising the multilayer interconnection scheme a low‐loss (0.75 dB) 3 dB tandem coupler operating from 140 to 220 GHz is demonstrated.
Wideband ceiling mount omnidirectional antenna for indoor distributed antenna system applications
Authors: Zhou Lei , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Qi Yhong , Weng Zbin , Ni Tao 
Published: February 2014

A wideband omnidirectional vertical polarised antenna is presented. By incorporating a shorted coupling top loading structure over two cross‐connected monopole antennas, an enhanced impedance bandwidth of 152% is achieved. The prototype antenna operates from 650 to 4500 MHz, with a reflection coefficient <−15 dB, a 2–6 dBi antenna gain with a very stable vertical radiation pattern and <3.5 dB horizontal pattern ripples. The proposed antenna can be widely used in indoor distributed antenna systems (DASs), such as GSM900, GSM1800, UMTS2100 and the enhanced TD‐LTE (up to 3.5 GHz) bands. The simulated and the measured return loss and radiation pattern results show good agreement.
Terahertz wireless communication using GaAs transistors as detectors
Authors: Tohmé L. , Blin S. , Ducournau G. , Nouvel P. , Coquillat D. , Hisatake S. , Nagatsuma T. , Pénarier A. , Varani L. , Knap W. , Lampin J.‐F. 
Published: February 2014

The detection of high data‐rate wireless communication using a terahertz‐frequency carrier, and a GaAs transistor as a detector, is reported. Communications are investigated around 0.2 and 0.3087 THz. For the first time, an error‐free transmission at data rates up to 8.2 Gbit/s is demonstrated, using a carrier frequency of 0.3087 THz.
Dynamic ternary CAM for hardware search engine
Authors: Vinogradov V. , Ha Joowan , Lee Changhyuk , Molnar A. , Hong Sang Hoon 
Published: February 2014

A five‐transistor dynamic ternary content addressable memory (CAM) is presented for high‐density data search applications. The data path and the search path are separated to avoid unwanted capacitive coupling at the storage node. To increase the data retention time, the data lines are grounded and dummy search lines are implemented for refresh operations. The proposed CAM cell is fabricated using a 130 nm CMOS process, and occupies an area of 8.99 μm2. A prototype array of 64 × 128 search memory has a retention time of 2.84 ms at room temperature with a 1.2 V supply voltage. The hardware search performance is compared with a conventional software‐based search scheme, running on two different systems with clock frequencies of more than an order of magnitude faster. The hardware search engine exhibits comparable search speeds while dissipating only 149 mW.
CPW‐fed low‐profile directional antenna operating in low microwave band for wideband medical diagnostic systems
Authors: Mobashsher A.T. , Abbosh A. 
Published: February 2014

Medical diagnostic systems demand wideband antennas with directive radiation patterns. In addition, portable systems require low profile and light weight antennas to be incorporated. These necessities of modern microwave‐based diagnostic systems are addressed in this reported work. The antenna is built with two simple thoroughly printed structures connected to each other using two copper walls, forming a loop‐like geometry. The top element is capacitively loaded with a pair of symmetrically placed slots and fed with a coplanar waveguide (CPW). The antenna works like a small loop in the lower resonating mode and as a folded‐dipole in the higher modes. The antenna exhibits a 109% bandwidth with stable radiation patterns of an about 9 dB front‐to‐back ratio over most of the band with only a profile of 0.05λ (λ = wavelength at the lowest frequency). The measured and the simulated results show that the proposed antenna is suitable for wideband medical imaging systems.
300°C operation of normally‐off AlGaN/GaN MOSFET with low leakage current and high on/off current ratio
Authors: Xu Zhe , Wang Jinyan , Cai Yong , Liu Jingqian , Yang Zhen , Li Xiaoping , Wang Maojun , Yang Zhenchuang , Xie Bin , Yu Min , Wu Wengang , Ma Xiaohua , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue 
Published: February 2014

300°C operation of a normally‐off AlGaN/GaN metal‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) is successfully demonstrated, which is fabricated using a self‐terminating gate recess etching technique. At 300°C, by employing a 15 nm‐thick Al2O3 as the gate dielectric deposited by atomic layer deposition, the fabricated normally‐off MOSFET exhibits a threshold voltage (Vth) of 3.2 V, a low off‐state leakage current of ∼10−7 A/mm and a low forward gate leakage current of ∼10−7 A/mm. Thus, a high on/off current ratio of ∼ 106 is obtained. Furthermore, the normally‐off MOSFET also exhibits small variations in terms of its Vth from room temperature to 300°C with a maximum relative variation of 6.7% in a such temperature range. These results make this normally‐off AlGaN/GaN MOSFET very promising for high‐temperature digital electronics.
Design of USB dongle antenna for WLAN applications using theory of characteristic modes
Authors: Elghannai E.A. , Rojas R.G. 
Published: February 2014

A compact universal serial bus (USB) antenna design for wireless USB dongle application is presented. The use of the theory of characteristic modes (CMs) to design such an antenna is novel and leads to a systematic antenna design scheme. The physical insight that the CM offers is of great importance for designing such an antenna. The systematic placing of reactive loads on the antenna body plays a key role in matching the antenna at the desired frequency bands. The proposed antenna's overall size is (48 × 10 mm) and it can serve the WLAN IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n bands (2.4/5.5 GHz). It could also be used for the Bluetooth and LTE applications.
Terahertz quantum cascade lasers with >1 W output powers
Authors: Li Lianhe , Chen Li , Zhu Jingxuan , Freeman J. , Dean P. , Valavanis A. , Davies A.G. , Linfield E.H. 
Published: February 2014

Terahertz (THz) frequency quantum cascade lasers emitting peak powers of >1 W from a single facet in the pulsed mode are demonstrated. The active region is based on a bound‐to‐continuum transition with a one‐well injector, and is embedded into a surface‐plasmon waveguide. The lasers emit at a frequency of ∼3.4 THz and have a maximum operating temperature of 123 K. The maximum measured emitted powers are ∼1.01 W at 10 K and ∼420 mW at 77 K, with no correction made to allow for the optical collection efficiency of the apparatus.
Ultra‐wideband, high‐dynamic range, low loss GaN HEMT mixer
Authors: Kang J. , Kurdoghlian A. , Margomenos A. , Moyer H.P. , Brown D. , McGuire C. 
Published: February 2014

An ultra‐wideband double‐balanced resistive mixer with high dynamic range (IIP3) is reported. The mixer is designed and fabricated using HRL Laboratory's GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) (T2) process and it utilises a series resistor‐capacitor circuit network termination to the device gate, in order to achieve resonance‐free broadband conversion loss and high dynamic range. The measured conversion loss from 3 to 40 GHz is between 5.5 and 8.5 dB at 1 GHz intermediate frequency. Large signal testing at 15 GHz showed a 1 dB gain compression point (P1dB) of 22 dBm.
Sub‐THz characterisation of multi‐walled carbon nanotube thin films using vector network analyser
Authors: Puthukodan S. , Dadrasnia E. , Vinod V.K.T. , Nguendon H.K. , Lamela H. , Ducournau G. , Lampin J.‐F. , Garet F. , Coutaz J.‐L. , Lee D.‐M. , Baik S. 
Published: February 2014

A vector network analyser is used to study the electrical properties of multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) thin films deposited on a fused quartz substrate in the sub‐terahertz (THz) frequency ranges of 220–325 GHz (WR3.4) and 325–500 GHz (WR2.2). The experiment is performed in free space. The complex permittivity of the MWCNT thin films is extracted using the Nicholson‐Ross‐Weir method. The refractive index and conductivity are then determined from the extracted permittivity. The method is validated by comparison with values obtained using THz time‐domain spectroscopy.