bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Chronic Pulmonary Infection in Mice Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Iizawa Yuji , Nishi Takeshi , Kondo Masahiro , Imada Akira 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExamination of mouse strain differences in susceptibility to experimental respiratory tract infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae 27 revealed that a chronic pulmonary infection model could be established using CBA/J mice. After 6 × 105 colony‐forming units of K. pneumoniae 27 were inoculated into the lung, the bacterial counts in the lungs changed with time showing four different phases: initial decrease, regrowth, steady‐state, and final increase leading to death. Throughout the course of the infection, the challenge bacteria were isolated mainly from the respiratory organs. Pulmonary gross lesions appeared on day 2 after infection and persisted thereafter. Lobar consolidation was the primary lesion and occurred mainly in the anterior and middle lobes of the right lung, and the median lobe. Mice began to die from 4 weeks after aerosol exposure. This model may be useful for investigating the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary infection by Klebsiella and its therapy.
Effect of Recombinant Murine Interferon‐Beta on the Replication of Murine Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Nakamura Kazuo , Eizuru Yoshito , Minamishima Yoichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPretreatment of mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) with recombinant murine interferon‐β (rMuIFN‐β) induced a high level of intracellular 2′,5′‐oligoadenylate (2–5A) synthetase activity. However, murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) replicated under such condition, indicating that MCMV is relatively insensitive in vitro to rMuIFN‐β. Thus, there was a dissociation of 2–5A synthetase activity and antiviral activity against MCMV. In contrast to MCMV, the two parameters were closely associated in the case of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV).
Effect of Activation of the Epstein‐Barr Virus Genome on Expression of B Cell Differentiation Antigens of Burkitt's Lymphoma Lines
Authors: Yokochi Takashi , Inoue Yoshiko , Iwata Hitoshi , Miyadai Toshiaki , Kimura Yoshinobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUsing anti‐human B cell monoclonal antibodies prepared against B1 (CD20), B2 (CD21), B4 (CD19), and BB‐1 (B lymphoblast antigen‐1), we compared the expression of B cell differentiation antigens on a Jijoye‐P3HR‐1 cell line family of Burkitt's lymphomas. The expression of BB‐1 and B2 antigens was faint on P3HR‐1 K cell line which is an Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) high producer. On the other hand, B1 and B4 antigens were strongly expressed on it. It was also found that BB‐1 expression decreased on P3HR‐1 cells after activation of intracellular EBV genes by treating chemically with tumor‐promoting agent (TPA) and n‐butyrate, or on Raji cells on superinfection with EBV. This decrease of BB‐1 was blocked by the additional treatment with retinoic acid, an inhibitor of virus replication. Dual immunofluorescence staining analysis showed that the individual cell expressing EBV‐associated antigens expressed BB‐1 antigen only marginally. The relationship between the change in phenotypes of host B cells and the activation of the EBV genome is discussed.
Immunoelectron Microscopic Studies on Spore Coat Proteins of Bacillus megaterium
Authors: Imagawa Masayoshi , Ohtsuka Mikiko , Nakatani Yoshihiro , Oku Yuichi , El‐Belbasi Hussein I. , Nishihara Tsutomu , Kondo Masaomi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn immunochemical staining technique for the spore coat proteins of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 12872 was developed using colloidal gold as a second antibody. For reducing the non‐specific immunogold binding and increasing the specific binding, the affinity‐purified IgG was used as a first antibody. In sporulating cells at t10, gold particles were found not only in the spore coat but also in the mother cell cytoplasm, suggesting that some coat proteins were synthesized in the cytoplasm. Use of the specific affinity‐purified antibody to 48K‐protein demonstrated that this protein was one of the components of the outer coat.
Role of the Protease in the Permeability Enhancement by Vibrio vulnificus
Authors: Miyoshi Shin‐ichi , Shinoda Sumio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe protease produced by Vibrio vulnificus enhances vascular permeability through histamine release from mast cells and activation of the plasma kallikrein‐kinin system which generates bradykinin when injected into the dorsal skin. V. vulnificus living cells also enhanced vascular permeability within a few hours after the injection into the dorsal skin. The permeability‐enhancing activity of living cells was greatly reduced by addition of soybean trypsin inhibitor, a specific inhibitor for plasma kallikrein‐kinin system, or anti‐protease IgG. Two protease‐deficient mutants induced by nitrosoguanidine treatment had only one‐tenth permeability‐enhancing activity of a wild‐type strain. These results indicate that V. vulnificus elaborates the protease in vivo and that the protease elaborated enhances vascular permeability through release of chemical mediators such as histamine and bradykinin and forms edema.
Induction of Murine B Cell Proliferation and Immunoglobulin Synthesis by Some Bacterial Ribosomes
Authors: Lafont Sergyl , Millet Isabelle , Kouassi Edouard , Jeannin Michele , Revillard Jean‐pierre , Normier Gerard , d'Hinterland Lucien Dussourd 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRibosomal preparations from Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were investigated with respect to their activating capacity towards murine lymphoid cells. The proliferation of BALB/c spleen cells was induced in a dose‐dependent fashion (from 1 to 100 μg/ml) by ribosomes of K. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and S. pyogenes with a peak activity at 48 or 72 hr of culture. The majority of the blast cells induced by these ribosomal preparations were positive for surface‐immunoglobulin (S‐Ig) and negative for Thy 1.2. Furthermore, K. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and S. pyogenes ribosomes induced the synthesis of IgM and some IgA. Cell proliferation and induction of IgM production were also demonstrated with the 3 ribosomal preparations using spleen cells from athymic nude (nu+/nu+) mice, Lyb‐5‐defective CBA/N spleen cells, B cell‐enriched and T cell‐depleted BALB/c spleen cell suspensions, as well as spleen cells from the Ips gene‐deficient C3H/HeJ strain. Cell culture supernatants contained specific anti‐ribosome IgM antibodies. Antibodies of other specificities (anti‐sheep erythrocytes) were also demonstrated in supernatants from K. pneumoniae‐stimulated cultures. Evidence against a possible role of contamination of K. pneumoniae and H. influenzae ribosomes by lipopolysaccharide‐ or lipid A‐associated proteins in this effect is discussed. Ribosomes from S. pneumoniae did not induce 3H‐thymidine incorporation nor Ig production. None of the 4 ribosomal preparations was found to stimulate T cell blastogenesis or to induce interleukin‐2 production by naive BALB/c spleen cells. Finally, ribosomes from H. influenzae, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae but not those of K. pneumoniae stimulated interleukin‐1 production by adherent spleen cells, from BALB/c mice.
Dendritic Cell Activating Factor Produced by Mouse Macrophage Hybridoma
Authors: Ito Akira , Woo Hee Jong , Imai Yasuyuki , Osawa Toshiaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA mouse macrophage (Mφ) hybridoma which produces a soluble factor responsible for the cooperation between Mφ and spleen dendritic cells (DC) was constructed. The antigen‐presenting activity and the stimulator cell activity in the allogeneic or syngeneic mixed leukocyte reaction of DC were significantly augmented when DC were incubated with the culture supernatant of the hybridoma treated with various stimulants including latex beads. The monokine present in the culture supernatant of the hybridoma, called dendritic cell‐activating factor (DCAF), augmented the production of lymphocyte‐activating factor by DC while Ia expression of DCAF‐treated DC was not altered. DCAF had no effect on the antigen‐presenting activity of peritoneal resident Mφ or B cell blasts while the antigen‐presenting activity of spleen Mφ was enhanced, but the degree of the enhancement was much less than that of spleen DC. DCAF was found to have the following properties: its pI value is between pH 4 and 5; it is stable at pH 2 to 10; and it loses its activity on incubation at 75 C for 30 min. When the culture supernatant of the hybridoma stimulated with latex beads was subjected to gel filtration, the DCAF activity was detected in the 20 Kd to 25 Kd, 30 Kd to 40 Kd, and 50 Kd to 60 Kd molecular weight regions. The 30 Kd to 40 Kd fraction, which is the major peak fraction, was further purified by ion‐exchange chromatography followed by gel‐filtration chromatography. When each fraction was subjected to SDS‐PAGE, a 30 Kd band corresponding to the DCAF activity was observed and DCAF was purified to about 90% purity.
Arachidonic Acid Release Is Closely Related to the Fcγ Receptor‐Mediated Superoxide Generation in Macrophages
Authors: Ida Eiichi , Sakata Atsuko , Tominaga Mari , Yamasaki Hisato , Onoue Kaoru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStimulation of macrophages with IgG2 immune complexes induced dose‐dependently the O2− generation and the release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites. This FcγR‐mediated O2− generation was inhibited by a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, 4‐p‐bromophenacyl bromide (4‐pBPB), in parallel to the dose‐dependent inhibition of arachidonic acid release. The main arachidonic acid metabolites released were shown to be prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 and blocking of the production of these metabolites by indomethacin did not inhibit the O2− generation. Inhibition of the FcγR‐mediated O2− generation and the arachidonic acid release by the C‐kinase inhibitor, 1‐(5‐isoquinolinesulfonyl)‐2‐methylpiperazine (H‐7), was less intense than by 4‐pBPB. These results support the previously proposed hypothesis that arachidonic acid acts as an intracellular activator of the FcγR‐mediated O2− generation in macrophages. Although the C‐kinase activation may also contribute to the activation of the O2−‐generating system, arachidonic acid release appears to play a major role in FcγR‐mediated O2− generation. In contrast, activation of C‐kinase seems to be contributing mainly in the induction of both the arachidonic acid release and O2− generation by 12‐o‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate (TPA). Furthermore, suboptimal concentrations of TPA and arachidonate were found to act synergistically to stimulate O2− generation and the inhibition study suggested a positive synergism between C‐kinase and arachidonic acid release to induce O2− generation. This synergistic action may have general importance in receptor‐mediated O2− generation.
Characterization of Canine Distemper Viruses Adapted to Human Neural Cells
Authors: Morikawa Yuko , Yoshikawa Yasuhiro , Yamanouchi Kazuya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe biochemical characteristics of canine distemper virus (CDV) adapted to three human neural cells (glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, and neuroblastoma cells) were compared with those of the unadapted original virus. The specific gravity of the virions and nucleocapsids of the original and the three adapted viruses were not different. The molecular weights of genomic RNA and messenger RNAs encoding H, F, P, and NP proteins of the adapted viruses as estimated by Northern blot hybridization were similar to those of the original virus. By T1‐resistant oligonucleotide analysis of the genomic RNA, the glioblastoma‐ and the neuroblastoma‐adapted viruses gave two more spots than the original virus; the oligodendroglioma‐adapted virus had a pattern identical to that of the original virus. By two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of virion proteins, we found a difference in the isoelectric point of the viral envelope proteins H and F between the original and the adapted viruses. These results suggest that viral genomic changes occurred during adaptation, resulting in the alteration of viral envelope proteins.
Ecological Studies on Reovirus Pollution of Rivers in Toyama Prefecture
Authors: Matsuura Kumiko , Ishikura Mitsuhiro , Nakayama Takashi , Hasegawa Sumiyo , Morita Osayuki , Uetake Hisao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractReoviruses (reos) were isolated from river water in various areas of Toyama Prefecture. The frequency of reo isolation was higher in the river water, the basin of which has a larger human population. The degree of river contamination with reo paralleled that with the Escherichia coli group of organisms, and reos were frequently isolated from sewage, too. The high antibody‐positive (≥ 1: 8 or ≥ 1: 10) rates against reos in humans and other animals tested (swine, cattle, and field rodents) indicated their wide‐spread infection with reos. These results suggested that the major source of reos present in the river water may be the excretion by humans and other animals, especially the former. Survival experiments in which reos were added into the filtered or centrifuged river water and kept at various temperatures, revealed that reos survived for more than 3 years at 5 C. In the field experiment where reos suspended in cellophane tubes were kept in an agricultural water stream in winter (water temperatures below 10 C), they survived for 6 months until the water temperature rose above 20 C in summer.
Protective Immunity Induced by Porin in Experimental Mouse Salmonellosis
Authors: Matsui Katsuhiko , Arai Toshihiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe induction of protective immunity to mouse salmonellosis by porin from Salmonella typhimurium LT2 was studied. The immunization with porin induced a high level of protective immunity to salmonellosis in BALB/c mice. Mice immunized with porin exhibited significant levels of delayed‐type hypersensitivity response and interleukin‐2 production, indicating that porin was capable of inducing cell‐mediated immunity (CMI). Furthermore, we found that both T cells and sera taken from the porin‐immunized mice could transfer the protection against salmonellosis into nonimmunized mice. These observations suggested that a high level of the protection to salmonellosis obtained by the porin immunization resulted from the induction of CMI in addition to humoral immunity.
Effects of Infection by HIV‐1, Cytomegalovirus, and Human Measles Virus on Cultured Human Thymic Epithelial Cells
Authors: Numazaki Kei , Goldman Hy , Bai Xin‐Qing , Wong Inés , Wainberg Mark A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA tissue culture system for the growth of human fetal and infantile thymic epithelial (TE) cells has been established and characterized. We have investigated the effects of infection of these cells by human cytomegalovirus (CMV), measles virus, and human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV‐1). In the case of CMV, morphological changes were apparent by 2–4 days after viral inoculation of infantile TE cells. CMV‐related antigens were detected by immunofluorescence after 12 days, and progeny infectious CMV was recovered from culture media after 18 days. Following infection by measles virus, distinctive, multinucleated giant TE cells appeared in both cultures of fetal and infantile TE cells. Measles virus‐inoculated TE cells displayed an altered phenotype, as revealed by reaction with monoclonal antibodies with specificity for a variety of TE markers. Finally, infection of TE cells by HIV‐1 resulted in cellular disarrangement, increased numbers of Hassall's corpuscles, and multinucleated giant cells. An increase in the number of cells reactive with monoclonal antibodies, specific for Hassall's corpuscles, was observed in the case of cells infected by either measles virus or HIV‐1. These findings suggest that a variety of different viruses can successfully infect thymic epithelial tissue. Because of the important role of the thymus in development of the immune system, it is reasonable to conclude that viral infection of thymic tissue might play an important role in virus‐mediated suppression of immune responsiveness.
Endotoxic Properties of Chemically Synthesized Lipid A Analogs
Authors: Yoshida Masao , Hirata Michimasa , Inada Katsuya , Tsunoda Nobuko , Kirikae Teruo , Onodera Tsuyoshi , Ishikawa Yoshihito , Sasaki Osamu , Shiba Tetsuo , Kusumoto Shoichi , Galanos Chris , Lüderitz Otto , Kondo Seiichi , Hisatsune Kazuhito 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBiological activities of two groups of synthesized lipid A analogs, the counterpart of biosynthetic precursor, Lehmann's Ia type, 406, and E. coli lipid A type, 506, as well as their non‐phosphorylated, and mono‐phosphorylated analogs were investigated. The activities employed included four bone marrow cell reactions in mice, mice skin reaction, leukocytes migration in rabbits' cornea, and hemagglutination. Compound 406 and 506 elicited bone marrow reactions in mice and hemagglutination of mouse RBC, although 406 failed to elicit hemorrhage and necrosis also in mice skin. Compound 406 did not elicit corneal reaction in rabbits. The results suggest that for elicitation of this reaction and mice skin reaction, acyloxyacyl structure is required. Cytotoxicity and thromboplastin production of four bone marrow reactions had been reported by us to be endotoxic reactions, since these had not been elicited by peptidoglycan of Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus (1981) and 300 series synthetized analogs (1984) which did not have endotoxic structures. From these results, it seems that these two marrow reactions and hemagglutination require, as does the limulus test, the lipid A part structure as is present in 406.
A Proposed Life Cycle Model of Spiroplasma mirum Based on Scanning Electron Microscopical Observations of Growth in Liquid Culture
Authors: Itoh Kikuji , Pan In‐Jen , Koshimizu Kaoru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCells of Spiroplasma mirum strain SMCA were grown in PPG broth and examined by scanning electron microscopy. Comparison of the results at different time intervals allowed for a model of the life cycle of S. mirum to be proposed. Under favorable growth conditions, helical filament formation was initially observed, followed by the formation of small spherical structures originating from each filament. In old culture, large spherical bodies appeared from entangled helical filaments. From the larger spherical bodies, granular bodies representing the smallest reproductive units were produced to continue the life cycle.
Comparative Characterization of Spirosomes Isolated from Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus buchneri
Authors: Nomura Shuichi , Masuda Kuniyoshi , Kawata Tomio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSpirosomes, cytoplasmic fine spirals, were isolated and purified from Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 8287, L. fermentum F‐1, and L. buchneri ATCC 4005, and their morphological, biochemical, and immunological properties were investigated. The spirosomes of these lactobacilli were morphologically indistinguishable from one another, and they had the same buoyant density of 1.320 g/cm3 in CsCl. All of the spirosomes were composed of a single protein, spirosin, with an apparent molecular weight of about 95,000 for L. brevis and L. fermentum and of about 96,000 for L. buchneri as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). The spirosins from the three lactobacilli were compared by peptide mapping on SDS‐PAGE after cleavage with N‐chlorosuccinimide and limited proteolysis with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. The peptide map of the L. brevis spirosin was identical with that of the L. fermentum spirosin, whereas it was markedly different from the L. buchneri spirosin. The amino acid composition of the L. brevis spirosin was almost similar to that of the L. fermentum spirosin, while it differed appreciably from the L. buchneri spirosin. Using antiserum against the L. brevis spirosin, immunodiffusion test revealed that the antigenicity of the spirosomes from L. brevis was identical with that from L. fermentum, whereas it was partially different from that from L. buchneri.
Effect of Calcium Ion on Lipid Peroxide Formation in Endotoxemic Mice
Authors: Sakaguchi Shuhei , Ibata Hiroshi , Yokota Katsushi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the possible role of intracellular Ca2+ in lipid peroxide formation in endotoxin‐poisoned mice. Leakages of LDH isozyme and acid phosphatase in serum of mice fed a Ca2+‐deficient diet were remarkably increased after administration of 200 μg of endotoxin compared to that in endotoxin‐nontreated Ca2+‐deficient mice. Superoxide anion generation in liver of Ca2+‐deficient mice and in mice fed a normal diet greatly increased after endotoxin administration. On the contrary, after endotoxin injection there was scarcely any difference in SOD activity of liver of Ca2+‐deficient mice as compared to that in endotoxin‐nontreated Ca2+‐deficient mice. In spite of an increase of superoxide anion generation there was little or no effect of endotoxin administration on lipid peroxide formation in mice given a Ca2+‐deficient diet. In the mice treated with a Ca2+‐deficient diet, free radical scavenger levels (α‐tocopherol and nonprotein sulfhydryl) in liver tissue after endotoxin injection were markedly decreased compared to those in Ca2+‐deficient diet alone. Mice fed a normal diet exhibited a significant decrease of lipid peroxide level in liver by injection of endotoxin together with verapamil (10 mg/kg, s.c.). When mice fed a normal diet were injected with endotoxin, the state 3 respiratory activity showed a 49% decrease, and respiratory control ratio (RCR) of endotoxemic mice liver mitochondria was 38% lower than normal liver mitochondria. No difference could be observed in levels of state 3 and RCR between the mice given verapamil plus endotoxin and the normal mice. These findings suggest the possibility that Ca2+ may participate in the free radical formation in the liver during endotoxemia and also that Ca2+ may play an important role in the damage of liver mitochondrial function in endotoxemic mice.
Solubilization of IgG‐Binding Proteins from Group A and G Streptococci
Authors: Goward Christopher R. , Barstow David A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe release of IgG‐binding proteins from the cell surface of streptococcal strains AR‐1 and G148 with various proteolytic enzymes, acid, alkali or SDS was investigated. The IgG‐binding proteins were purified by affinity chromatography using IgG‐Sepharose Fast Flow. After SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immuno‐electroblotting the major proteins identified varied in relative molecular mass from 15,000 to 65,000 depending on the solubilizing agent used. The results showed that solubilization with trypsin gave the highest yield of IgG‐binding proteins, that strain G148 yielded about twice the amount of protein as strain AR‐1, and that elastase released an IgG‐binding protein of high relative molecular mass of 65,000.
A Non‐Radioactive DNA Probe for the Detection of Mycoplasma pulmonis in Murine Mycoplasmosis
Authors: Matsuzaki Michiya , Harasawa Ryô , Kimizuka Fusao , Koshimizu Kaoru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA non‐radioactive DNA probe for the detection of Mycoplasma pulmonis was developed by using photobiotin. The probe detected 0.3 ng chromosomal DNA of M. pulmonis. No cross‐hybridization was observed between the probe and the other murine mycoplasma species, M. arthritidis and M. neurolyticum.