bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Natural Allelic Variations at the Rht‐1 Loci in Wheat
Authors: Li Aixia , Yang Wenlong , Lou Xueyuan , Liu Dongcheng , Sun Jiazhu , Guo Xiaoli , Wang Jing , Li Yiwen , Zhan Kehui , Ling Hong‐Qing , Zhang Aimin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPlant height is an important agronomic trait. Dramatic increase in wheat yield during the “green revolution” is mainly due to the widespread utilization of the Reduced height (Rht)‐1 gene. We analyzed the natural allelic variations of three homoeologous loci Rht‐A1, Rht‐B1, and Rht‐D1 in Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) micro‐core collections and the Rht‐B1/D1 genotypes in over 1,500 bred cultivars and germplasms using a modified EcoTILLING. We identified six new Rht‐A1 allelic variations (Rht‐A1b–g), eight new Rht‐B1 allelic variations (Rht‐B1h–o), and six new Rht‐D1 allelic variations (Rht‐D1e–j). These allelic variations contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or small insertions and deletions in the coding or uncoding regions, involving two frame‐shift mutations and 15 missenses. Of which, Rht‐D1e and Rht‐D1h resulted in the loss of interactions of GID1‐DELLA‐GID2, Rht‐B1i could increase plant height. We found that the Rht‐B1h contains the same SNPs and 197 bp fragment insertion as reported in Rht‐B1c. Further detection of Rht‐B1h in Tibet wheat germplasms and wheat relatives indicated that Rht‐B1c may originate from Rht‐B1h. These results suggest rich genetic diversity at the Rht‐1 loci and provide new resources for wheat breeding.
Different B‐Type Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases in Chlamydomonas May Protect the Alga against High‐Light, Sulfur‐Depletion, or Oxidative Stress
Authors: Zhao Lei , Chen Mei , Cheng Dongmei , Yang Haomeng , Sun Yongle , Zhou Heyi , Huang Fang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe genome of unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contains four genes encoding B‐type methionine sulfoxide reductases, MSRB1.1, MSRB1.2, MSRB2.1, and MSRB2.2, with functions largely unknown. To understand the cell defense system mediated by the methionine sulfoxide reductases in Chlamydomonas, we analyzed expression and physiological roles of the MSRBs under different abiotic stress conditions using immunoblotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. We showed that the MSRB2.2 protein was accumulated in cells treated with high light (1,300 µE/m2 per s), whereas MSRB1.1 was accumulated in the cells under 1 mmol/L H2O2 treatment or sulfur depletion. We observed that the cells with the MSRB2.2 knockdown and overexpression displayed increased and decreased sensitivity to high light, respectively, based on in situ chlorophyll a fluorescence measures. We also observed that the cells with the MSRB1.1 knockdown and overexpression displayed decreased and increased tolerance to sulfur‐depletion and oxidative stresses, respectively, based on growth and H2‐producing performance. The physiological implications revealed from the experimental data highlight the importance of MSRB2.2 and MSRB1.1 in protecting Chlamydomonas cells against adverse conditions such as high‐light, sulfur‐depletion, and oxidative stresses.
Matrix‐dependent garnet growth in polymetamorphic rocks of the Sesia zone, Italian Alps
Authors: Robyr M. , Darbellay B. , Baumgartner L.P. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMushroom‐ and atoll‐shaped garnet crystals were found in high‐pressure quartz‐rich pelitic layers from the Monte Mucrone area (Western Alps, Italy). These garnet crystals are characterized by a peninsula‐shaped core surrounded by a partially crystallized, dodecahedral external rim. Textural observations and thermodynamic modelling point towards growth of the atoll garnet from the Monte Mucrone area during two distinct orogenic cycles. The core region and the inner part of the ring forming the edge of the atoll grew under Barrovian metamorphic conditions of likely Hercynian age, while the outer rim of the atoll structure developed under Alpine high‐pressure conditions. Electron backscatter diffraction analyses indicate that the atoll‐shaped structure has one single crystallographic orientation, despite its complex compositional zoning. Thermodynamic modelling reveals marked changes in equilibrium assemblage leading to changes in stoichiometry of the garnet‐forming reaction, which in turn explain the characteristic garnet morphology. Small amounts of quartz are consumed during the earlier stage of garnet growth history, whereas the production of garnet requires a much larger amount of quartz during the final stage of its growth. This leads to a change from initial poikiloblastic to non‐poikiloblastic textures. This change is responsible for the formation of atoll‐shaped garnet. Finally, garnet in intercalated mica‐rich layers forms idiomorphic crystals, continuous from the centre to rim. This study highlights the importance of the difference between the local matrix composition and the aggregate composition of the reactants needed for the garnet‐forming reaction. Finally, we show that interaction between matrix and reaction stoichiometry can lead to porphyroblast precipitation inside the already grown porphyroblast.
Public Health Model Identifies Recruitment Barriers among Older Adults with Delirium and Dementia
Authors: Bull Margaret J. , Boaz Lesley , Sjostedt Jennifer M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRecruiting older adults and their family caregivers into research studies presents challenges. Although the literature notes some general recruitment challenges, no studies specifically address the unique challenges of recruiting older adults who have Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and their family caregivers in studies about delirium or suggest using a framework to identify barriers to recruiting this population. In conducting a pilot study about preparing family caregivers to detect delirium symptoms in older adults with (AD) the researchers used the Public Health Model for identifying barriers to recruitment. The goals of this methodological article are to: (1) briefly describe the methodology of the pilot study to illustrate how the Public Health Model was applied in the context of the present study and (2) discuss the benefits of the Public Health Model for identifying the barriers to recruitment in a study that prepared family caregivers to detect delirium symptoms in older adults with AD. The Public Health Model helped us to identify four specific barriers to recruitment (lack of knowledge about delirium, desire to maintain normalcy, protective caregiving behaviors, and older adult's fears) and ways to overcome them. The Public Health Model might also help other researchers address similar issues.
Can you give me a hand? A comparison of hands and feet as optimal anatomical sites for skin conductance recording
Authors: Payne Andrew F. H. , Dawson Michael E. , Schell Anne M. , Singh Kulwinder , Courtney Christopher G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe fingers and feet have long been accepted as optimal anatomical recording sites for electrodermal activity. The available literature suggests that the feet are more responsive than the fingers. The present report compared skin conductance level (SCL) and responses (SCRs) from the left foot and the distal phalanges of the fingers on the nondominant hand among 19 participants. The principal results were (a) SCRs recorded from the fingers were significantly larger and more frequent with shorter latencies than SCRs from the foot, (b) SCL from the fingers was significantly higher than from the foot, (c) the fingers exhibited significantly greater discrimination conditioning than the foot, and (d) skin conductance measures recorded from the fingers and foot were significantly positively correlated. Specifically, our results demonstrate that the distal phalanges of the fingers are electrodermally more responsive than the abductor hallucis area of the foot.
Whole-Genome Sequence of the Ancestral Animal-Borne ST398 Staphylococcus aureus Strain S123
Authors: van der Mee-Marquet Nathalie , Hernandez David , Bertrand Xavier , Quentin Roland , Corvaglia Anna-Rita , François Patrice 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Sequence type 398 (ST398)
Staphylococcus aureus
was originally reported in livestock. We announce the complete genome sequence of an ST398 methicillin-susceptible
S. aureus
strain of animal origin, S123. The genome sequence reveals a wild-type genome that probably corresponds to an ancestral clone
.
Playing board games, cognitive decline and dementia: a French population-based cohort study
Authors: Dartigues Jean François , Foubert-Samier Alexandra , Le Goff Mélanie , Viltard Mélanie , Amieva Hélène , Orgogozo Jean Marc , Barberger-Gateau Pascale , Helmer Catherine 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo study the relationship between board game playing and risk of subsequent dementia in the Paquid cohort.DesignA prospective population-based study.SettingIn the Bordeaux area in South Western France.Participants3675 non-demented participants at baseline.Primary outcome measureThe risk of dementia during the 20 years of follow-up.ResultsAmong 3675 non-demented participants at baseline, 32.2% reported regular board game playing. Eight-hundred and forty participants developed dementia during the 20 years of follow-up. The risk of dementia was 15% lower in board game players than in non-players (HR=0.85, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.99; p=0.04) after adjustment on age, gender, education and other confounders. The statistical significance disappeared after supplementary adjustment on baseline mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and depression (HR=0.96, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.12; p=0.61). However, board game players had less decline in their MMSE score during the follow-up of the cohort (β=0.011, p=0.03) and less incident depression than non-players (HR=0.84; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.98; p<0.03).ConclusionsA possible beneficial effect of board game playing on the risk of dementia could be mediated by less cognitive decline and less depression in elderly board game players.
Prediction of unsuccessful treatment in patients with severe acute asthma
Authors: Goodacre Steve , Bradburn Mike , Cohen Judith , Gray Alasdair , Benger Jonathan , Coats Tim 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundClinical assessment can be used to identify which patients with acute asthma are at risk of unsuccessful initial treatment.ObjectiveTo determine which elements of clinical assessment predict unsuccessful treatment, defined as needing critical care or any unplanned additional treatment.MethodsWe analysed data from a large multicentre trial (the 3Mg trial). Adults with severe acute asthma underwent standardised clinical assessment, including peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), up to 2 h after initiation of treatment. Standard care was provided other than blinded random allocation to trial treatment or placebo. Patients were followed up by record review up to 30 days. Unsuccessful treatment was defined as needing (1) critical care or (2) critical care or any unplanned additional treatment within 7 days of presentation. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors and derive a prediction model for each outcome.ResultsOut of 1084 patients analysed, 81 (7%) received critical care and 157 (14%) received critical care or unplanned additional treatment. Baseline PEFR (p=0.017), baseline heart rate (p<0.001), other serious illness (p=0.019), PEFR change (p=0.015) and heart rate change (p<0.001) predicted need for critical care. Baseline PEFR (p=0.010), baseline heart rate (p<0.001), baseline respiratory rate (p=0.017), other serious illness (p=0.023), PEFR change (p=0.003) and heart rate change (p=0.001) predicted critical care or additional treatment. Models based on these characteristics had c-statistics of 0.77 and 0.69, respectively.ConclusionsPEFR, heart rate and other serious illnesses are the best predictors of unsuccessful treatment, but models based on these variables provide modest predictive value.
Nab-Paclitaxel Is an Active Drug in Preclinical Model of Pediatric Solid Tumors
Authors: Zhang Libo , Marrano Paula , Kumar Sushil , Leadley Michael , Elias Evelyn , Thorner Paul , Baruchel Sylvain 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the antitumor effect of nab-paclitaxel, an albumin-stabilized nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel, on pediatric solid tumor models.
Experimental Design: A panel of three rhabdomyosarcoma, one osteosarcoma and seven neuroblastoma cell lines were exposed to increasing concentrations of nab-paclitaxel in vitro. Cell viability was evaluated using the Alamar Blue Assay. Antitumor effect was further assessed in vivo in NOD/SCID xenograft and metastatic neuroblastoma mouse models. Tumor sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3 and phospho-histone H3. Plasma and intratumoral paclitaxel concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Ratio of intratumoral and plasma concentration was compared between nab-paclitaxel and paclitaxel treatment groups.
Results: Nab-paclitaxel displayed significant cytotoxicity against most pediatric solid tumor cell lines in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, nab-paclitaxel showed antitumor activity in both rhabdomyosarcoma (RH4 and RD) and neuroblastoma [SK-N-BE(2) and CHLA-20] xenograft models. In the SK-N-BE(2) metastatic model, nab-paclitaxel treatment significantly extended animal survival compared with control (P &lt; 0.01). Nab-paclitaxel treatment induced tumor cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in vivo. In the RH4 model, increased local relapse-free intervals were observed with nab-paclitaxel treatment (37.7 ± 3.2 days) comparing with paclitaxel (13.6 ± 2.07 days). Local relapsed tumors following paclitaxel treatment proved to be paclitaxel-resistant and remained responsive to nab-paclitaxel. Mechanistically, a higher tumor/plasma paclitaxel drug ratio in favor of nab-paclitaxel was observed.
Conclusions: Nab-paclitaxel showed significant antitumor activity against all pediatric solid tumors associated with an enhanced drug intratumor delivery. Furthermore, testing of nab-paclitaxel in pediatric solid-tumor patient population is under development. Clin Cancer Res; 19(21); 5972–83. ©2013 AACR.
Bone Marrow– or Vessel Wall–Derived Osteoprotegerin Is Sufficient to Reduce Atherosclerotic Lesion Size and Vascular Calcification
Authors: Callegari A. , Coons M.L. , Ricks J.L. , Yang H.L. , Gross T.S. , Huber P. , Rosenfeld M.E. , Scatena M. 
Published: August 2013

Objective—

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a decoy receptor for the osteoclast differentiation factor receptor activator of NF-κB ligand. OPG regulates bone homeostasis, and its inactivation in mice results in severe osteoporosis. OPG deficiency in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)
−/−
mice results in increased atherosclerotic lesion size and calcification. Furthermore, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand enhances macrophage-dependent smooth muscle cell calcification in vitro. Here, we hypothesized that reconstitution of ApoE
−/−
OPG
−/−
mice with ApoE
−/−
OPG
+/+
bone marrow (BM) would be sufficient to rescue lesion progression and vascular calcification. Conversely, reconstitution of ApoE
−/−
OPG
+/+
mice with ApoE
−/−
OPG
−/−
BM may accelerate lesion progression and vascular calcification.

Approach and Results—

ApoE
−/−
OPG
−/−
mice transplanted with ApoE
−/−
OPG
+/+
BM developed smaller atherosclerotic lesions and deposited less calcium in the innominate artery than that of ApoE
−/−
OPG
−/−
mice transplanted with ApoE
−/−
OPG
−/−
BM. There were no differences in lesion size and calcification in ApoE
−/−
OPG
+/+
mice transplanted with BM from ApoE
−/−
OPG
−/−
or ApoE
−/−
OPG
+/+
mice. The large lesions observed in the ApoE
−/−
OPG
−/−
mice transplanted with OPG
−/−
BM were rich in chondrocyte-like cells, collagen, and proteoglycans. Importantly, the ApoE
−/−
OPG
−/−
mice transplanted with OPG
+/+
BM remained osteoporotic, and the ApoE
−/−
OPG
+/+
mice did not show signs of bone loss regardless of the type of BM received. In coculture experiments, macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells derived from ApoE
−/−
OPG
−/−
BM induced more vascular smooth muscle cell calcification than cells derived from ApoE
−/−
OPG
+/+
mice.

Conclusions—
These results indicate that OPG derived either from the BM or from the vessel wall is sufficient to slow down lesion progression and vascular calcification independent of bone turnover.
A First-Hand Account of the Wukan Elections
Authors: Wei Xiong 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
From September 2011, in the village of Wukan, Lufeng City, Guangdong, large-scale villagers’ demonstrations broke out as a result of problems related to land and village affairs. The demonstrations attracted attention both within and outside of China. The Guangdong Provincial Government was later to become directly involved, and worked to support the villagers of Wukan in hosting a new round of elections for their Village Committee. With the guidance of experts, systemic innovations were made, for example, the use of ‘combined self-nomination and nomination by others’ to elect the Villagers’ Election Committee; the use of a ‘one person, one vote’ system to elect villagers’ representatives, and so on. These innovations also gained attention both in China and abroad. The greatest failure of the Wukan elections was that the attempt to introduce innovations to put in place a ‘convener’ for the villagers’ meetings was unsuccessful. The failure to establish an independent system for convening villagers’ meetings and villagers’ representatives meetings has led to the difficult situation within which Wukan finds itself today.
Village Organizations and Their Role in the Wukan Incident
Authors: Yingzi Hu , Yuxin Lan 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The rationality of the organizing behind the Incident was one of the most notable features at Wukan. If we look back over the process by which the villagers’ organizations developed and they began to play a positive role, we find that their orientation changed so that they shifted from engaging in destroying the order to engaging in protecting the order; and shifted from being outside the state system to becoming part of it. They also eventually managed to reconstruct the relationship between government and NGO and achieve accord with government. However, it is not a foregone conclusion that organizations will operate in a rational way. Analysis of their role during the Wukan Incident shows that the involvement of an informal traditional elite; the inclusive nature and the social legitimacy of the organizations; and the attitude adopted by government in its response are all important prerequisites to the positive role of villagers’ organizations being brought into play.
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small;">Order Pseudoscorpiones. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013) </span></span>
Authors: HARVEY MARK S. 
Published: August 2013

The classification and diversity estimates of the order Pseudoscorpiones (Harvey 2011) are here updated. There are 26 Recent families, 454 genera, and 3,533 species; fossil taxa include 1 family, 11 genera, 41 species. Taxon numbers are calculated to the end of 2012.
Self-Reported and Performance-Based Functional Outcomes After Surgical Repair of Proximal Hamstring Avulsions
Authors: Skaara Heléne Engberg , Moksnes Håvard , Frihagen Frede , Stuge Britt 
Published: August 2013

Background: Because a proximal hamstring avulsion results in residual loss of function, surgical repair is recommended. Few studies have investigated postoperative function with validated outcomes. Purpose: To examine lower extremity function after surgical repair of proximal hamstring avulsions using validated self-reported and performance-based functional outcomes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Operative records from 2006 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed in 3 hospitals. A total of 39 patients who had undergone surgical repair of a proximal hamstring avulsion were identified, and 36 met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-one patients completed questionnaires with demographic background data and quality of life–related questions: the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and the Proximal Hamstring Injury Questionnaire (PHIQ). Thirty patients were evaluated using a Biodex dynamometer for isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring strength measurements at a velocity of 60 deg/s, and 27 patients performed 4 single-legged hop tests. Results: Twenty-eight repairs were acute (<4 weeks), and 3 were chronic. There were complete ruptures of all 3 tendons in 17 (55%) cases. The mean follow-up was 30 months. Most patients experienced little or no pain or limitations during activities of daily living. The mean LEFS score was 89%, and 29 (94%) of the 31 patients were satisfied with the result after surgery. Eighteen (58%) of the 31 patients had returned to their preinjury activity level. Significant differences in the mean hamstring strength (peak torque) ( P < .001) and single-legged hop test ( P = .01) between the uninvolved and involved leg were found. Twenty-two (71%) of the 31 patients did not fully trust their operated leg during physical activities and feared sustaining a hamstring injury. Return to activity significantly correlated with the single-legged hop test, the LEFS score, and the questions regarding trust and fear. Conclusion: In this study, using both validated self-reported and performance-based outcome measures after surgical repair of proximal hamstring avulsions, minor pain and limitations to activities of daily living were seen. Isokinetic hamstring strength in the operated leg was significantly lower compared with the nonoperated leg, and a majority of the patients did not trust the operated leg completely during physical activity.
Does Serum Albumin and Creatinine Predict Survival of Inpatient Palliative Care Patients?
Authors: Aung Aye , Alqudihy Shukri , Rybicki Lisa , Platt Alexandra , Davis Mellar P. 
Published: August 2013

Introduction: Low creatinine and albumin are found among the chronically ill patients. This study retrospectively reviewed albumin and creatinine levels for survival in patients upon admission. Methods: Records of patients admitted over 2 months were reviewed. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) identified cutpoints in albumin and creatinine that predicted survival. Kaplan-Meier survival, Cox proportional hazards, and stepwise Cox analyses identified prognostic factors. Results: Of 83 patients, 81 were assessable. Variables for worse survival were albumin <3.1 g/dL, creatinine >0.93 mg/dL, and male gender. Albumin by continuous, median, RPA, and tertiles was significant; creatinine by RPA. Hazard ratio for albumin >3.1 was 0.28 ( P < .001) and for creatinine >0.91 mg/dL was 1.8 ( P = .046). Discussion and Conclusion: Albumin and creatinine are prognostically important.