bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'Afrique noire dans les imaginaires antillais
Authors: Dorcé Mylène 
Published: September 2015

Résumé Cet article se propose d’explorer les modalités de la déconstruction de l’imaginaire d’une Afrique idéalisée dans En attendant le bonheur de Maryse Condé et L’autre qui danse de Suzanne Dracius. À travers l’évolution des personnages principaux dans les deux œuvres, nous verrons comment les auteures guadeloupéenne et martiniquaise mettent en scène l’image de l’Afrique. Chez Maryse Condé, cette image est-elle valorisante, à l’instar de celle que l’on retrouve dans les textes des écrivains du mouvement de la négritude, qui perçoivent l’Afrique comme un « continent rassembleur », une Terre Mère unifiant tous ses enfants ? On verra que l’auteure dénonce le leurre d’une Afrique idéalisée. Chez Dracius, comment la problématique du mythe de l’Afrique (sinon de l’Afrique stéréotypée) est-elle abordée ? L’auteure propose-telle, à travers les discours de ses personnages principaux, les mêmes représentations que Condé ou son roman construit-il d’autres significations ? Le cas échéant, cette reconfiguration de l’imaginaire de l’Afrique serait-elle affectée par les mouvements littéraires, tels que l’antillanité et la créolité ? Une étude comparative des textes, appuyée par des théories féministes et postcoloniales, nous permettra de voir comment les représentations de l’Afrique ont évolué au fil des ans, dans l’imaginaire romanesque des écrivaines antillaises.
L'Afrique noire dans les imaginaires antillais
Authors: Demulder Thomas 
Published: September 2015

Résumé Faut-il continuer d’envisager la négritude, la créolité, l’antillanité et l’africanité comme des blocs imperméables les uns aux autres, alors qu’une approche postcoloniale de ces représentations permet d’établir un site de négociations laissant penser que, de l’une à l’autre, une con (quête) ininterrompue de l’hybridité se concrétise ? Nous proposons d’explorer ce continuum/rhizome entre les Antilles et l’Afrique qui prend corps et donne forme à une nouvelle perception, désormais commune, de l’écriture et des identités postcoloniales ; nous retracerons le cours de cette con (quête) compagnonne, c’est-à-dire la formation et les (r) évolutions de ce rhizome transatlantique dans et par lequel se répand un sentiment d’hybridité partagé.
RP105 Engages Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase p110δ To Facilitate the Trafficking and Secretion of Cytokines in Macrophages during Mycobacterial Infection
Authors: Yu Chien-Hsiung , Micaroni Massimo , Puyskens Andreas , Schultz Thomas E. , Yeo Jeremy Changyu , Stanley Amanda C. , Lucas Megan , Kurihara Jade , Dobos Karen M. , Stow Jennifer L. , Blumenthal Antje 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Cytokines are key regulators of adequate immune responses to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We demonstrate that the p110δ catalytic subunit of PI3K acts as a downstream effector of the TLR family member RP105 (CD180) in promoting mycobacteria-induced cytokine production by macrophages. Our data show that the significantly reduced release of TNF and IL-6 by RP105−/− macrophages during mycobacterial infection was not accompanied by diminished mRNA or protein expression. Mycobacteria induced comparable activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling in wild-type (WT) and RP105−/− macrophages. In contrast, mycobacteria-induced phosphorylation of Akt was abrogated in RP105−/− macrophages. The p110δ-specific inhibitor, Cal-101, and small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of p110δ diminished mycobacteria-induced TNF secretion by WT but not RP105−/− macrophages. Such interference with p110δ activity led to reduced surface-expressed TNF in WT but not RP105−/− macrophages, while leaving TNF mRNA and protein expression unaffected. Activity of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase was required for RP105-mediated activation of Akt phosphorylation and TNF release by mycobacteria-infected macrophages. These data unveil a novel innate immune signaling axis that orchestrates key cytokine responses of macrophages and provide molecular insight into the functions of RP105 as an innate immune receptor for mycobacteria.
Diverse Gene Expression in Human Regulatory T Cell Subsets Uncovers Connection between Regulatory T Cell Genes and Suppressive Function
Authors: Hua Jing , Davis Scott P. , Hill Jonathan A. , Yamagata Tetsuya 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells have a critical role in the control of immunity, and their diverse subpopulations may allow adaptation to different types of immune responses. In this study, we analyzed human Treg cell subpopulations in the peripheral blood by performing genome-wide expression profiling of 40 Treg cell subsets from healthy donors. We found that the human peripheral blood Treg cell population is comprised of five major genomic subgroups, represented by 16 tractable subsets with a particular cell surface phenotype. These subsets possess a range of suppressive function and cytokine secretion and can exert a genomic footprint on target effector T (Teff) cells. Correlation analysis of variability in gene expression in the subsets identified several cell surface molecules associated with Treg suppressive function, and pharmacological interrogation revealed a set of genes having causative effect. The five genomic subgroups of Treg cells imposed a preserved pattern of gene expression on Teff cells, with a varying degree of genes being suppressed or induced. Notably, there was a cluster of genes induced by Treg cells that bolstered an autoinhibitory effect in Teff cells, and this induction appears to be governed by a different set of genes than ones involved in counteracting Teff activation. Our work shows an example of exploiting the diversity within human Treg cell subpopulations to dissect Treg cell biology.
A Distinctive Cytoplasmic Tail Contributes to Low Surface Expression and Intracellular Retention of the Patr-AL MHC Class I Molecule
Authors: Goyos Ana , Guethlein Lisbeth A. , Horowitz Amir , Hilton Hugo G. , Gleimer Michael , Brodsky Frances M. , Parham Peter 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Chimpanzees have orthologs of the six fixed, functional human MHC class I genes. But, in addition, the chimpanzee has a seventh functional gene, Patr-AL, which is not polymorphic but contributes substantially to population diversity by its presence on only 50% of MHC haplotypes. The ancestral AL gene emerged long before the separation of human and chimpanzee ancestors and then subsequently and specifically lost function during human evolution, but was maintained in chimpanzees. Patr-AL is an alloantigen that participates in negative and positive selection of the T cell repertoire. The three-dimensional structure and the peptide-binding repertoire of Patr-AL and HLA-A*02 are surprisingly similar. In contrast, the expression of these two molecules is very different, as shown using specific mAbs and polyclonal Abs made against Patr-AL. Peripheral blood cells and B cell lines express low levels of Patr-AL at the cell surface. Higher levels are seen for 221-cell transfectants expressing Patr-AL, but in these cells a large majority of Patr-AL molecules are retained in the early compartments of the secretory pathway: mainly the endoplasmic reticulum, but also cis-Golgi. Replacing the cytoplasmic tail of Patr-AL with that of HLA-A*02 increased the cell-surface expression of Patr-AL substantially. Four substitutions distinguish the Patr-AL and HLA-A*02 cytoplasmic tails. Systematic mutagenesis showed that each substitution contributes changes in cell-surface expression. The combination of residues present in Patr-AL appears unique, but each individual residue is present in other primate MHC class I molecules, notably MHC-E, the most ancient of the functional human MHC class I molecules.
Cutaneous Infection with Leishmania major Mediates Heterologous Protection against Visceral Infection with Leishmania infantum
Authors: Romano Audrey , Doria Nicole A. , Mendez Jonatan , Sacks David L. , Peters Nathan C. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal disease of the internal organs caused by the eukaryotic parasite Leishmania. Control of VL would best be achieved through vaccination. However, this has proven to be difficult partly because the correlates of protective immunity are not fully understood. In contrast, protective immunity against nonfatal cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is well defined and mediated by rapidly recruited, IFN-γ–producing Ly6C+CD4+ T cells at the dermal challenge site. Protection against CL is best achieved by prior infection or live vaccination with Leishmania major, termed leishmanization. A long-standing question is whether prior CL or leishmanization can protect against VL. Employing an intradermal challenge model in mice, we report that cutaneous infection with Leishmania major provides heterologous protection against visceral infection with Leishmania infantum. Protection was associated with a robust CD4+ T cell response at the dermal challenge site and in the viscera. In vivo labeling of circulating cells revealed that increased frequencies of IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells at sites of infection are due to recruitment or retention of cells in the tissue, rather than increased numbers of cells trapped in the vasculature. Shortly after challenge, IFN-γ–producing cells were highly enriched for Ly6C+T-bet+ cells in the viscera. Surprisingly, this heterologous immunity was superior to homologous immunity mediated by prior infection with L. infantum. Our observations demonstrate a common mechanism of protection against different clinical forms of leishmaniasis. The efficacy of leishmanization against VL may warrant the introduction of the practice in VL endemic areas or during outbreaks of disease.
Fibrocytes Regulate Wilms Tumor 1–Positive Cell Accumulation in Severe Fibrotic Lung Disease
Authors: Sontake Vishwaraj , Shanmukhappa Shiva K. , DiPasquale Betsy A. , Reddy Geereddy B. , Medvedovic Mario , Hardie William D. , White Eric S. , Madala Satish K. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Collagen-producing myofibroblast transdifferentiation is considered a crucial determinant in the formation of scar tissue in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Multiple resident pulmonary cell types and bone marrow–derived fibrocytes have been implicated as contributors to fibrotic lesions because of the transdifferentiation potential of these cells into myofibroblasts. In this study, we assessed the expression of Wilms tumor 1 (WT1), a known marker of mesothelial cells, in various cell types in normal and fibrotic lungs. We demonstrate that WT1 is expressed by both mesothelial and mesenchymal cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lungs but has limited or no expression in normal human lungs. We also demonstrate that WT1+ cells accumulate in fibrotic lung lesions, using two different mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis and WT1 promoter–driven fluorescent reporter mice. Reconstitution of bone marrow cells into a TGF-α transgenic mouse model demonstrated that fibrocytes do not transform into WT1+ mesenchymal cells, but they do augment accumulation of WT1+ cells in severe fibrotic lung disease. Importantly, the number of WT1+ cells in fibrotic lesions was correlated with severity of lung disease as assessed by changes in lung function, histology, and hydroxyproline levels in mice. Finally, inhibition of WT1 expression was sufficient to attenuate collagen and other extracellular matrix gene production by mesenchymal cells from both murine and human fibrotic lungs. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate a novel association between fibrocyte-driven WT1+ cell accumulation and severe fibrotic lung disease.
The changing profile of infantile tremor syndrome in hilly terrain of India
Authors: Singla Deeksha A. , Sharma Milap , Sharma Seema , Sharma Vipin 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Background: Infantile tremor syndrome (ITS) is characterized by anemia, skin pigmentation, tremors, physical, and mental regression without a defined etiopathogenesis and low incidence. Materials and Methods: We have studied 9 patients over 1 year for the changing clinical and laboratory variables of patients with ITS. Neuroregression and anemia were presented in all followed by tremors in 5 and hypotonia in 2. Result: Sepsis screen was positive in 6 and urine cultures in 2. Antibiotics were required in 6. ITS with changing parameters still significantly contributes to healthcare burden. Conclusion: It is important to screen for urinary infection and septicemia to avoid antibiotic abuse.
Postpartum pituitary apoplexy with isolated oculomotor nerve palsy: A rare medical emergency
Authors: Raina Sujeet , Jearth Vaneet , Sharma Ashish , Sharma Rajesh , Mistry Kewal 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTPituitary apoplexy is a clinical syndrome characterized by sudden onset headache, visual deficits, ophthalmoplegia,
altered mental status, and hormonal dysfunction due to an expanding mass within the sella turcica resulting from hemorrhage or infarction of pituitary gland. We report a case of pituitary apoplexy that developed in postpartum period following postpartum hemorrhage and presented with isolated third cranial nerve palsy.
Extrapyramidal side-effects of low-dose aripiprazole in an 11-year-old child
Authors: Mohapatra Satyakam 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTPartial agonism of D2 and 5-HT1A receptors accounts for the low incidence of extrapyramidal side-effects of aripiprazole. Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) during treatment with therapeutical doses of aripiprazole have been reported in adults and children. To the best of our knowledge, no cases of EPS with low doses (5 mg) have been reported until now. In this article, we present an 11-year-old child who developed EPS on low doses (5 mg) aripiprazole. This case emphasizes the need for careful surveillance for the development of EPS in patients treated even with low doses of aripiprazole.
An estimation of the prevalence of intellectual disabilities and its association with age in rural and urban populations in India
Authors: Lakhan Ram , Ekúndayò Olúgbémiga T. , Shahbazi Mohammad 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a global public health concern. Prevalence of ID and its association with age and other demographic factors is required for planning purposes in India. Objective: This study analyzed the age-adjusted prevalence of ID in rural and urban populations and its correlation with age in children and adults. Materials and Methods: Disability data published in the report (2002) of National Sample Survey Organization were analyzed, using Z-test to measure differences in age-adjusted prevalence. Spearman rho was calculated to determine strength and direction of the association, and regression analysis was used to predict prevalence rate, based on age in rural and urban population settings. Results: Overall, India has a prevalence of 10.5/1000 in ID. Urban population has slightly higher rate (11/1000) than rural (10.08/1000; P = 0.044). Age was found to be highly correlated with prevalence of ID in rural children (ϱ =0.981, P = 0.019) as well as in children (ϱ = −0.954, P = 0.000) and adults (ϱ = −0.957, P = 0.000) in urban population. The possibility of confounding or the existence of covariates for children in urban settings was noted. Conclusion: Results of this study match findings in other epidemiological studies. However, multistage, large-scale studies are recommended for investigating prevalence rates with different severity levels of ID.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease presenting as brainstem encephalitis with secondary blepharospasm
Authors: Jasti Dushyanth Babu , Prasad S. V. Naveen , Naveen Thota , Vengamma Bhuma 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTCentral nervous system involvement in Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a very rare clinical manifestation. We report a 15-year-old girl who presented to us with fever, drowsiness, neck swellings, and involuntary closure of both eyelids of 2 days duration. Magnetic resonance imaging brain showed T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities in dorsal midbrain and pons. Cervical lymph node fine-needle aspiration cytology was suggestive of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. Blepharospasm secondary to infectious etiology is rare. Positron emission computed tomography brain showed increased focal uptake in anterior cingulate gyrus which can be the site of origin of blepharospasm. The patient was managed with steroids and trihexyphenidyl with significant recovery. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a rare disease which has to be considered as one of the differential diagnosis in a case of acute encephalopathy with cervical lymphadenopathy.
Clinico-radiological profile and outcome of dengue patients with central nervous system manifestations: A case series in an Eastern India tertiary care hospital
Authors: Pal Souren , Sen Kaushik , Biswas Nirendra Mohan , Ghosal Anirban , Jaman S. K. Rousan , Kumar K. Y. Yashavantha 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Dengue, an acute viral disease, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, has a variable clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic infection to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. However, neurological complications, in general, are unusual but have been observed more frequently in the recent past, and some studies highlighted varied neurological complications during the course of illness. Although dengue is classically considered a nonneurotropic virus, there is increasing evidence for dengue viral neurotropism. In this study, we have evaluated clinico-radiological profile and outcome of nine serologically confirmed dengue patients having varied manifestations of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Materials and Methods: All the consecutive patients presented with neurological complications with positive serology for dengue infection (IgM positivity) in Department of Medicine, in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India from August 2013 to October 2014 were included in the study. These patients were subjected to a detailed clinical evaluation, laboratory assessment including complete hemogram, coagulation profile, liver function test, serum electrolytes, and routine CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid) study with the exclusion of other common neuroinvasive pathogens. Results: Out of 9 patients with neurological complications associated with confirmed dengue infection, 2 (22%) patients had dengue encephalopathy, 5 (56%) patients have dengue encephalitis, 1 (11%) patient had dengue meningitis, and 1 (11%) patient had postdengue immune-mediated CNS involvement. Conclusion: This case series reaffirms the occurrence of varied CNS manifestations in dengue virus infection and underlines the importance of inclusion of dengue in the differential diagnosis of acute encephalitis syndrome.
Reliability and sensitivity to change of the timed standing balance test in children with down syndrome
Authors: Aranha Vencita Priyanka , Samuel Asir John , Saxena Shikha 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: To estimate the reliability and sensitivity to change of the timed standing balance test in children with Down syndrome (DS). Methods: It was a nonblinded, comparison study with a convenience sample of subjects consisting of children with DS (n = 9) aged 8–17 years. The main outcome measure was standing balance which was assessed using timed standing balance test, the time required to maintain in four conditions, eyes open static, eyes closed static, eyes open dynamic, and eyes closed dynamic. Results: Relative reliability was excellent for all four conditions with an Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranging from 0.91 to 0.93. The variation between repeated measurements for each condition was minimal with standard error of measurement (SEM) of 0.21–0.59 s, suggestive of excellent absolute reliability. The sensitivity to change as measured by smallest real change (SRC) was 1.27 s for eyes open static, 1.63 s for eyes closed static, 0.58 s for eyes open dynamic, and 0.61 s for eyes closed static. Conclusions: Timed standing balance test is an easy to administer test and sensitive to change with strong absolute and relative reliabilities, an important first step in establishing its utility as a clinical balance measure in children with DS.
Tetraventricular central neurocytoma: A rare presentation with imaging.pathologic correlation
Authors: Akakin Akin , Yilmaz Baran , Demir Mustafa Kemal , Yapicier Ozlem , Toktas Zafer Orkun , Kilic Turker 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTCentral neurocytoma (CN) is a benign intraventricular neuronal tumor with a favorable prognosis. It accounts approximately 0.25–0.5% of intracranial tumors. In this report, we describe a very rare case of tetraventricular CN with imaging-pathologic correlation, and discuss their atypical features in a location together with treatment options. A 27-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of progressive headaches of several months' duration. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a well-circumscribed, lobulated intraventricular mass with numerous intratumoral cystlike areas. The mass was located in the enlarged lateral ventricles bilaterally extending to the third and the fourth ventricle. Surgical removal of the 4th ventricle component of the tumor was performed. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical findings of the tumor were consistent with CN. After pathological diagnosis, gamma knife surgery was performed. CN may present with atypical features in a location with a usual histopathological findings. To our knowledge, we described the third case of tetraventricular CN, which was partially treated with both surgical resection and radiosurgery.
Can we evaluate cranial aneurysms on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging?
Authors: Caliskan Emine , Pekcevik Yeliz , Kaya Adnan 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate the contribution of conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the determination of intracranial aneurysms. Materials and Methods: Brain MRI and computed tomography angiography (CTA) of 45 patients (29 women and 16 men; age range, 32–80 years) with aneurysm were analyzed. A comparison was made between brain MRI and CTA based on size and presence of aneurysm. The comparisons between MRI and CTA were investigated through Bland-Altman graphics, receiver operating characteristic curve, and Kappa statistics. Results: Fifty-seven aneurysms were evaluated. Forty-five percent of 57 aneurysms on CTA were detected on conventional brain MRI. A significant correlation was found between CTA and brain MRI in the diagnosis of aneurysm (P < 0.05). In an analysis of the size measurement, a significant correlation was observed between CTA and brain MRI. Seventy-seven percent of aneurysms <4 mm was not detected and the efficiency of MRI in the detection of aneurysms <4 mm was found to be low. Conclusion: Aneurysms can also be appreciated on conventional brain MRI, and vascular structures should be reviewed carefully while analyzing brain MRI.
Corneomandibular reflex: Anatomical basis
Authors: Pistacchi Michele , Gioulis Manuela , Mazzon Davide , Marsala Sandro Zambito 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTCorneomandibular reflex is a pathological phenomenon evident in cases of severe brainstem damage. It is considered to be a pathological exteroceptive reflex, associated with precentro bulbar tract lesions. The sign is useful in distinguishing central neurological injuries to metabolic disorders in acutely comatose patients, localizing lesions to the upper brainstem area, determining the depth of coma and its evolution, providing evidence of uncal or transtentorial herniation in acute cerebral hemisphere lesions, and it is a marker of supraspinal level impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. This sign was evident in a patient with severe brain damage. We discuss the literature findings and its relevance in prognosis establishment.