bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetation, terrain and fire history shape the impact of extreme weather on fire severity and ecosystem response
Authors: Clarke Peter J. , Knox Kirsten J.E. , Bradstock Ross A. , Munoz‐Robles Carlos , Kumar Lalit 
Published: March 2014

AbstractQuestionsDo endogenous (landscape/vegetation) or exogenous (weather) factors control fire severity? During severe fire weather, is there convergence in fire severity across rain forest, forests and heathlands such that all locations burn with similarly high severity? Are there long‐term effects of fire severity in temperate crown‐fire ecosystems?LocationMontane rain forests, eucalypt forests and heaths in the temperate climate zone of eastern Australia (Washpool/Gibraltar Range National Park).MethodsThe immediate and longer‐term effects of fire weather and landscape (terrain, previous fire history and vegetation type) factors on fire severity and ecosystem response were measured using remote sensing and ground measures of microclimate, productivity and plant resprouting at 45 sites.ResultsFire weather strongly interacted with terrain, antecedent fire history and vegetation type, resulting in complex mosaics of mixed fire severity rather than convergence to uniform fire severity. Vegetation type influenced the effects of time‐since‐fire and fire frequency on fire severity, suggesting differential fire feedbacks. High fire severity left a long‐term imprint on total reflectance, ground temperatures and productivity of the vegetation, but these effects were not uniform across vegetation types. The abundance of resprouting species was not strongly affected by fire severity.ConclusionsThere was evidence for strong weather control of fire severity but fire history, terrain and vegetation shape the immediate effect due to the contrasting pyrogenic vs pyrophobic nature of the vegetation mosaic. The short‐term dominance of weather as a driver of fire severity is only weakly related to the longer‐term ecosystem response because of the strong resprouting ability of the canopy dominants, even in rain forest. The forest complexes of eastern Australia appear highly resilient to high fire severity in both structure and floristics, which may influence long‐term feedbacks.
No preference in female sika deer for conspecific over heterospecific male sexual calls in a mate choice context
Authors: Wyman M. T. , Locatelli Y. , Charlton B. D. , Reby D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMating signals can be used both in contexts of species recognition and mate quality assessment. This study examines species recognition abilities in oestrous females presented with male mating calls from both conspecifics and closely related allopatric heterospecifics. Red deer and sika deer are naturally allopatric polygynous species capable of hybridization during sympatry. Male mating calls are sexually selected and differ greatly between species. Previous work indicated that most but not all oestrous red deer hinds prefer male mating calls from conspecifics over heterospecific sika deer. Using two‐speaker playback experiments, we extend this examination by measuring the preference responses of oestrous sika deer hinds to these stimuli. We predicted that oestrous sika deer hinds will show little flexibility in behavioural responses and prefer conspecific calls over heterospecific calls, similar to those of red deer hinds. In contrast, sika deer hinds showed high levels of flexibility and no difference in overall preference behaviours, suggesting that vocal behaviour does not provide a solid barrier to hybridization in this species. The asymmetry in heterospecific preference responses between these species is discussed in relation to possible causation and hybridization patterns observed in free‐ranging populations.
Theological Instruction and Faith Transmission: Lonergan's Method as
Pedagogy Theology
Authors: Sullivan Patricia A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Hans Urs Von Balthasar's lament that coincidence of the theologian and
the saint has not been the norm since the Middle Ages can be emblematic of a
methodological issue impacting both academic theology and the Church wholly
by separation of that which as a faith tenet should be unified—word and
witness. Theologians’ intent today to speak from but not be confused with
their location, the theological discipline's reach for respectability in an
increasingly secular academy, market forces deliberately shrinking
theology's influence except in such as interdisciplinary endeavors
supporting other publics’ aims, the contemporary narrow specialization of
the theologian, and the sometime view that narrow tasks serving theology are
theology itself all result in conflations of theology and religion. So
“theology” and “spirituality,” as Balthasar identified the breach, will be
separate. Yet we hope that theologians, with all others, will be saints.
Does this not, particularly to students, transmit the faith? Although
Bernard Lonergan's method might seem to exacerbate the separation given its
numerous theological specialties and conversion types, it also offers the
way of reunification—without threat to academic integrity. The theological
method, with its turn to the subject, can ground a theology (and method) of
pedagogy.
Minoxidil 5% Solution for Topical Treatment of Loose Anagen Hair Syndrome
Authors: Chandran Nisha S. , Oranje Arnold P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA 2‐year‐old girl with a diagnosis of loose anagen hair syndrome was treated with a tapering regime of minoxidil 5% solution over 28 months, resulting in quick, significant clinical improvement with no adverse effects.
Leukemia Cutis and Facial Nerve Palsy as Presenting Symptoms of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Gold Heidi L. , Grynspan David , Kanigsberg Nordau 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLeukemia cutis and facial nerve palsy are rare presenting symptoms of leukemia. This report describes a case of acute T‐cell lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) presenting with only these two symptoms, a presentation of ALL that, to our knowledge, has not been previously described. It serves to alert physicians to look for underlying malignancy in the setting of cutaneous findings associated with facial nerve palsy.
Vemurafenib‐Induced Neutrophilic Panniculitis in a Child with a Brainstem Glioma
Authors: West Emily S. , Williams Victoria L. , Morelli Joseph G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNeutrophilic panniculitis is a rare adverse effect of therapy with selective BRAF inhibitors. We report a case of neutrophilic panniculitis in a 15‐year‐old girl receiving treatment with vemurafenib for a brainstem glioma. Clinicians should be aware of this rare but important side effect of vemurafenib. This is the first report of neutrophilic panniculitis in a child treated with vemurafenib.
Attention interference for emotional stimuli in cardiac interoceptive awareness
Authors: Werner Natalie S. , Mannhart Tanja , Reyes Del Paso Gustavo A. , Duschek Stefan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPrevious research has shown that individuals with good perception of cardiac signals, referred to as cardiac interoceptive awareness, experience emotions more intensely. To investigate if emotional experience in high cardiac interoceptive awareness arises from biases in attention, we compared the performance of participants with high versus regular cardiac interoceptive awareness in an emotional Stroop task. Participants with high cardiac interoceptive awareness showed attention interference for negative words, whereas participants with regular cardiac interoceptive awareness showed attention facilitation for positive words. Our data provide further evidence for the emotion information process associated with cardiac interoceptive awareness. The results support the notion that better access to cardiac changes accompanying negative emotional conditions results in automatic vigilance for negative information and may interfere with cognitive processing.
A Moral Hazard Approach to Wage Discounts under Informal Hiring
Authors: Duran Miguel A. , Morales Antonio J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis study discusses informal hiring in terms of a standard principal–agent model. We have developed an adverse selection model of the labour market where effort is not contractible and employers have the opportunity to use informal search channels for hiring purposes. This standard framework enables us to provide an effort‐based explanation of the wage gap associated with informal hiring. Besides the wage discount, another feature of the equilibrium is that low‐ability workers informally hired shirk.
Feasibility, Stability, and Multiple Research Joint Ventures
Authors: Yao Zhiyong , Zheng Bingyong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe study multiple research joint ventures (RJVs) using a repeated game with imperfect monitoring. Compared with the single joint venture case, we show that cooperation in multiple joint ventures creates two advantages for participating firms. First, by linking decisions together across all joint ventures firms can mitigate the likelihood of cooperation breakdowns following bad R&D outcomes. Second, as the incentive cost to sustain cooperation is independent of the number of joint ventures, the economy of scale effect reduces the efficiency loss due to imperfect monitoring.
Sunday School Teacher, Culture Warrior: The Politics of Lay Leaders in Three Religious Traditions*
Authors: Bean Lydia , Martinez Brandon C. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesPolitical theorists have praised civic organizations as spaces for open political deliberation. But their leadership structure privileges some voices over others. In congregations, clergy set the context for political discussion. We argue that volunteer religious leaders also shape political talk in local churches. Lay leaders serve as political opinion leaders within local churches, with the power to either deepen or bridge political polarization over religion and morality.MethodsWe compare lay leaders across three religious traditions, using a unique measure from the 2005 Baylor Religion Survey.ResultsLay leaders in evangelical, mainline, and Catholic traditions are more politically active than other attenders, but evangelical lay leaders are also more morally conservative than others in their tradition. Comparing across traditions, we argue that evangelical lay leaders foster greater political cohesion within their tradition.ConclusionWe identify voluntary group leadership as a mechanism that allows civic organizations to generate political presence.
A Validated System-Level Thermodynamic Model of a Reciprocating Compressor With Application to Valve Condition Monitoring
Authors: Kolodziej Jason R. , Guerra Christopher J. 
Published: March 2014

Condition-based health monitoring systems are a very important addition to machinery to monitor the system and assure it is running at the peak efficiency, to schedule maintenance, and prevent catastrophic failure. Recently, these systems have become more common on industrial compression technology. Reciprocating compressor health monitoring systems typically use only indirect measurements, P-V diagrams, to monitor the system’s health.
Specifically, this research focuses on three different valve failure modes that are common in reciprocating compressors: liquid slugging; valve spring fatigue; and valve seat wear. First, a system-level model of a Dresser-Rand industrial reciprocating compressor is derived and validated, experimentally, to better understand how different subsystem dynamics are related through the compressor. Also, a preliminary instrument investigation is conducted to determine what sensor types are the most effective at detecting these faults.
Optimal Control of a Wind Turbine for Tradeoff Analysis Between Energy Harvesting and Noise Emission
Authors: Shaltout Mohamed L. , Chen Dongmei 
Published: March 2014

An optimal control approach for a wind turbine drivetrain with the objective of maximizing energy harvesting and minimizing noise emission is presented. One of the major challenges facing the public acceptance for continuous growth of wind turbine installation is its noise emission. However, reducing the noise emission could lead to decreased wind energy harvesting. As a result, a tradeoff arises between power generation and noise emission, especially when a wind turbine operates under the partial-load condition.
This paper will show that through controlling the generator electromagnetic torque and/or the blade pitch angle, an optimal tradeoff between wind turbine energy harvesting and noise emission can be obtained. The dynamic model of a wind turbine drivetrain and a noise emission prediction model are also presented. Simulation results of using the proposed control design for different wind speed ranges are analyzed and compared.
Effects of Non-Collocated Sensors and Actuators on the Controller of a Flexible Beam
Authors: Mastory Constantine G. , Chalhoub Nabil G. 
Published: March 2014

The current work examines the adverse effects of non-collocated sensors and actuators on the phase characteristics of flexible structures. The sensor location is allowed to sweep the entire length of a pinned-free flexible beam while the actuator is fixed at the pinned-end. The phase angle contour of the system has been generated as a function of the normalized sensor location and the excitation frequency. It clearly reveals the minimum and non-minimum phase regions of the system and illustrates the changes in the system’s zeros induced by varying the sensor location.
A basic sliding mode controller has been used to attenuate the unwanted vibrations of the beam. Based on the phase angle contours of the system, the structural controller has been modified to ensure a desirable controller performance irrespective of the sensor location with respect to the actuator. The simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the modified controller in attenuating the overall transverse deformation of the beam irrespective of its phase characteristic.
Chronic Q Fever in the Netherlands 5 Years after the Start of the Q Fever Epidemic: Results from the Dutch Chronic Q Fever Database
Authors: Kampschreur Linda M. , Delsing Corine E. , Groenwold Rolf H. H. , Wegdam-Blans Marjolijn C. A. , Bleeker-Rovers Chantal P. , de Jager-Leclercq Monique G. L. , Hoepelman Andy I. M. , van Kasteren Marjo E. , Buijs Jacqueline , Renders Nicole H. M. , Nabuurs-Franssen Marrigje H. , Oosterheert Jan Jelrik , Wever Peter C. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Coxiella burnetii
causes Q fever, a zoonosis, which has acute and chronic manifestations. From 2007 to 2010, the Netherlands experienced a large Q fever outbreak, which has offered a unique opportunity to analyze chronic Q fever cases. In an observational cohort study, baseline characteristics and clinical characteristics, as well as mortality, of patients with proven, probable, or possible chronic Q fever in the Netherlands, were analyzed. In total, 284 chronic Q fever patients were identified, of which 151 (53.7%) had proven, 64 (22.5%) probable, and 69 (24.3%) possible chronic Q fever. Among proven and probable chronic Q fever patients, vascular infection focus (56.7%) was more prevalent than endocarditis (34.9%). An acute Q fever episode was recalled by 27.0% of the patients. The all-cause mortality rate was 19.1%, while the chronic Q fever-related mortality rate was 13.0%, with mortality rates of 9.3% among endocarditis patients and 18% among patients with a vascular focus of infection. Increasing age (
P
= 0.004 and 0.010), proven chronic Q fever (
P
= 0.020 and 0.002), vascular chronic Q fever (
P
= 0.024 and 0.005), acute presentation with chronic Q fever (
P
= 0.002 and
P
< 0.001), and surgical treatment of chronic Q fever (
P
= 0.025 and
P
< 0.001) were significantly associated with all-cause mortality and chronic Q fever-related mortality, respectively.
Rapid Detection of Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates by Use of Real-Time-PCR-Based Melting Curve Analysis
Authors: Hu Siyu , Li Guoli , Li Hui , Liu Xiaoli , Niu Jianjun , Quan Shengmao , Wang Feng , Wen Huixin , Xu Ye , Li Qingge 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

The MeltPro TB/INH assay, recently approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration, is a closed-tube, dual-color, melting curve analysis-based, real-time PCR test specially designed to detect 30 isoniazid (INH) resistance mutations in
katG
position 315 (
katG
315), the
inhA
promoter (positions −17 to −8),
inhA
position 94, and the
ahpC
promoter (positions −44 to −30 and −15 to 3) of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. Here we evaluated both the analytical performance and clinical performance of this assay. Analytical studies with corresponding panels demonstrated that the accuracy for detection of different mutation types (10 wild-type samples and 12 mutant type samples), the limit of detection (2 × 10
3
to 2 × 10
4
bacilli/ml), reproducibility (standard deviation [SD], <0.4°C), and the lowest heteroresistance level (40%) all met the parameters preset by the kit. The assay could be run on five types of real-time PCR machines, with the shortest running time (105 min) obtained with the LightCycler 480 II. Clinical studies enrolled 1,096 clinical isolates collected from three geographically different tuberculosis centers, including 437 INH-resistant isolates and 659 INH-susceptible isolates characterized by traditional drug susceptibility testing on Löwenstein-Jensen solid medium. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the MeltPro TB/INH assay were 90.8% and 96.4%, respectively. DNA sequencing analysis showed that, except for the 5 mutants outside the detection range of the MeltPro assay, a concordance rate between the two methods of 99.1% (457/461) was obtained. Among the 26 mutation types detected,
katG
S315T (AGC→ACC),
inhA
−15C→T,
katG
S315N (AGC→AAC), and
ahpC
promoter −10C→T accounted for more than 90%. Overall, the MeltPro TB/INH assay represents a reliable and rapid tool for the detection of INH resistance in clinical isolates.
Cell- and Virus-Mediated Regulation of the Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor's Phosphorylation State Controls Its DNA Binding, Dimerization, Subcellular Localization, and Antipoxviral Activity
Authors: Jamin Augusta , Wicklund April , Wiebe Matthew S. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) is a DNA binding protein with multiple cellular functions, including the ability to act as a potent defense against vaccinia virus infection. This antiviral function involves BAF's ability to condense double-stranded DNA and subsequently prevent viral DNA replication. In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that dynamic phosphorylation involving the vaccinia virus B1 kinase and cellular enzymes is likely a key regulator of multiple BAF functions; however, the precise mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we analyzed how phosphorylation impacts BAF's DNA binding, subcellular localization, dimerization, and antipoxviral activity through the characterization of BAF phosphomimetic and unphosphorylatable mutants. Our studies demonstrate that increased phosphorylation enhances BAF's mobilization from the nucleus to the cytosol, while dephosphorylation restricts BAF to the nucleus. Phosphorylation also impairs both BAF's dimerization and its DNA binding activity. Furthermore, our studies of BAF's antiviral activity revealed that hyperphosphorylated BAF is unable to suppress viral DNA replication or virus production. Interestingly, the unphosphorylatable BAF mutant, which is capable of binding DNA but localizes predominantly to the nucleus, was also incapable of suppressing viral replication. Thus, both DNA binding and localization are important determinants of BAF's antiviral function. Finally, our examination of how phosphatases are involved in regulating BAF revealed that PP2A dephosphorylates BAF during vaccinia infection, thus counterbalancing the activity of the B1 kinase. Altogether, these data demonstrate that phosphoregulation of BAF by viral and cellular enzymes modulates this protein at multiple molecular levels, thus determining its effectiveness as an antiviral factor and likely other functions as well.

IMPORTANCE
The barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) contributes to cellular genomic integrity in multiple ways, the best characterized of which are as a host defense against cytoplasmic DNA and as a regulator of mitotic nuclear reassembly. Although dynamic phosphorylation involving both viral and cellular enzymes is likely a key regulator of multiple BAF functions, the precise mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that phosphorylation coordinately regulates BAF's DNA binding, subcellular localization, dimerization, and antipoxviral activity. Overall, our findings provide new insights into how phosphoregulation of BAF modulates this protein at multiple levels and governs its effectiveness as an antiviral factor against foreign DNA.
Coronaviruses: Important Emerging Human Pathogens
Authors: Coleman Christopher M. , Frieman Matthew B. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
The identification of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 reaffirmed the importance of understanding how coronaviruses emerge, infect, and cause disease. By comparing what is known about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) to what has recently been found for MERS-CoV, researchers are discovering similarities and differences that may be important for pathogenesis. Here we discuss what is known about each virus and what gaps remain in our understanding, especially concerning MERS-CoV.
Adherence to guidelines in the use of biological agents to treat psoriasis in Brazil
Authors: Silveira Miriam Sanches do Nascimento , de Camargo Iara Alves , Osorio-de-Castro Claudia Garcia Serpa , Barberato-Filho Silvio , Del Fiol Fernando de Sá , Guyatt Gordon , de Camargo Mayara Costa , Lopes Luciane Cruz 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveIn São Paolo, Brazil, patients can appeal to the courts, registering law suits against the government claiming the need for biological agents for treatment of psoriasis. If the lawsuits are successful, which is usually the case, the government then pays for the biologic agent. The extent to which the management of such patients, after gaining access to government payment for their biologic agents, adheres to authoritative guidelines, is uncertain.MethodsWe identified patients through records of the State Health Secretariat of São Paulo from 2004 to 2011. We consulted guidelines from five countries and chose as standards only those recommendations that the guidelines uniformly endorsed. Pharmacy records provided data regarding biological use. Guidelines not only recommended biological agents only in patients with severe psoriasis who had failed to respond to topical and systemic therapies (eg, ciclosporin and methotrexate) but also yearly monitoring of blood counts and liver function.ResultsOf 218 patients identified in the database, 3 did not meet eligibility criteria and 12 declined participation. Of the 203 patients interviewed, 91 were still using biological medicine; we established adherence to laboratory monitoring in these patients. In the total sample, management failed to meet standards of prior use of topical and systemic medication in 169 (83.2%) patients. Of the 91 patients using biological medicine at the time of the survey, 23 (25.2%) did not undergo appropriate laboratory tests.ConclusionsImportant discrepancies exist between clinical practice and the recommendations of guidelines in the management of plaintiffs using biological drugs to treat psoriasis.