bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary fibrosis may begin in infancy: from childhood to adult interstitial lung disease
Authors: Griese Matthias , Kurland Geoffrey , Cidon Michal , Deterding Robin R , Epaud Ralph , Nathan Nadia , Schwerk Nicolaus , Warburton David , Weinman Jason P , Young Lisa R , Deutsch Gail H 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundChildhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) encompasses a group of rare heterogeneous respiratory conditions associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Reports suggest that many patients diagnosed with chILD continue to have potentially progressive or fibrosing disease into adulthood. Over the last decade, the spectrum of conditions within chILD has widened substantially, with the discovery of novel entities through advanced genetic testing. However, most evidence is often limited to small case series, with reports disseminated across an array of subspecialty, clinical and molecular journals. In particular, the frequency, management and outcome of paediatric pulmonary fibrosis is not well characterised, unlike in adults, where clear diagnosis and treatment guidelines are available.Methods and resultsThis review assesses the current understanding of pulmonary fibrosis in chILD. Based on registry data, we have provisionally estimated the occurrence of fibrosis in various manifestations of chILD, with 47 different potentially fibrotic chILD entities identified. Published evidence for fibrosis in the spectrum of chILD entities is assessed, and current and future issues in management of pulmonary fibrosis in childhood, continuing into adulthood, are considered.ConclusionsThere is a need for improved knowledge of chILD among pulmonologists to optimise the transition of care from paediatric to adult facilities. Updated evidence-based guidelines are needed that incorporate recommendations for the diagnosis and management of immune-mediated disorders, as well as chILD in older children approaching adulthood.
Topology of black hole thermodynamics via Rényi statistics
Authors: Tong Chen-Wei , Wang Bin-Hao , Sun Jia-Rui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the topological numbers of the four-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole, d-dimensional Reissner–Nordström (RN) black hole, d-dimensional singly rotating Kerr black hole and five-dimensional Gauss–Bonnet black hole via the Rényi statistics. We find that the topological number calculated via the Rényi statistics is different from that obtained from the Gibbs–Boltzmann (GB) statistics. However, what is interesting is that the topological classifications of different black holes are consistent in both the Rényi and GB statistics: the four-dimensional RN black hole, four-dimensional and five-dimensional singly rotating Kerr black holes, five-dimensional charged and uncharged Gauss–Bonnet black holes belong to the same kind of topological class, and the four-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole and $$d(>5)$$

d
(
>
5
)

-dimensional singly rotating Kerr black holes belong to another kind of topological class. In addition, our results suggest that the topological numbers calculated via the Rényi statistics in asymptotically flat spacetime background are equal to those calculated from the standard GB statistics in asymptotically AdS spacetime background, which provides more evidence for the connection between the nonextensivity of the Rényi parameter $$\lambda $$
λ
and the cosmological constant $$\Lambda $$
Λ
.
Behavioral swarms: A mathematical theory toward swarm intelligence
Authors: Bellomo Nicola , Ha Seung-Yeal , Liao Jie , Yoon Wook 
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a mathematical theory of behavioral swarms, where the state of interacting entities, which are called active particles, includes in addition to position and velocity, an internal variable, called activity, which has the ability to interact with mechanical variables thus affecting the interaction rules. In turn, the mechanical variables can modify the dynamics of activity variable. This approach is useful for describing the dynamics of living systems with a finite number of interacting entities. This paper provides a general conceptual framework that extends the pioneering work [N. Bellomo, S.-Y. Ha and N. Outada, Towards a mathematical theory of behavioral swarms, ESAIM[Formula: see text] Control Theory Var. Calculus 26 (2020) 125, https:/[Formula: see text]/doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2020071]. The theory is firstly developed for the constant number of active particles. Then, it is considered for the case of particles tending to infinity. This theory is useful for describing the dynamics of living systems. Therefore, it provides the conceptual basis for developing a mathematical theory of behavioral swarms, which naturally lead to the study of a theory of swarm intelligence. A study of the dynamics of swarms shows how the theory can be applied to real world collective dynamics.
A Mother Gets Custody: The Legal Background to Genesis 21:14-21
Authors: Landman Yael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article adopts a law and literature approach toward Genesis 21:14-21, focused on the legal themes within the narrative and how these themes shape the story. Genesis 21:14-21 records the expulsion of Hagar and her son from Abraham’s home. I identify multiple legal idioms and terms within this unit and argue that the narrative uses legal terminology in order to depict the child’s expulsion specifically as a transfer of custody from his father to his mother. In her marginalization from Abraham’s home, Hagar also gains legal rights, and this article examines these shifts in power from a law and literature perspective in order to interrogate Hagar’s parental rights within the biblical text and to demonstrate how they function within the ancestral narrative as a means of formalizing the rupture in Abraham’s household.
Morphological and genetic evidence of hybridisation between Mauremys mutica (Cantor, 1842) and Mauremys leprosa (Schweigger, 1812) in northeast Spain
Authors: Escoriza Daniel , Poch Santiago , Jablonski Daniel , Martinez-Silvestre Albert , Soler Joaquim , Donaire-Barroso David , Piris Alberto 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Invasive species are one of the leading causes of biodiversity loss. During demographic monitoring of native turtle species in northeast Spain, we captured several alien species of semi-aquatic turtles, including Mauremys mutica. Among them, four individuals of this latter species showed external characteristics that were not fully consistent with the diagnosis of this species. These individuals showed a smaller postocular stripe and 2-3 lateral cervical lines and the typical plastral pattern observed in Mauremys leprosa. The analysis of mitochondrial DNA indicated that the maternal lineage was unequivocally M. mutica (pure or hybrid), but nuclear DNA revealed a heterozygote position at the C-mos gene, matching sequences for this gene in GenBank from both M. leprosa and M. mutica. These results highlight the negative impact of alien turtles, which can genetically contaminate vulnerable native turtle populations.
Frans de Waal’s lasting legacy: inspiring a new generation of animal behaviour scholars
Authors: Benítez Marcela Eugenia , Roth Tom Simon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The passing of Frans de Waal marked a significant loss for the field of animal behaviour and cognition. His groundbreaking scientific work transformed our understanding of animal behaviour and influenced many scholars. De Waal’s popular science books reached millions, shaping public perception of animal minds and inspiring many young scientists. This memorial article reflects on de Waal’s profound impact on a new generation of animal behaviour scholars and the lasting legacy he leaves in the field of animal behaviour and cognition.
Defining “Ottomans” and “Foreigners”: Venetian Merchants, Jurisdictional Conflicts, and Legal Belonging in Seventeenth-Century Istanbul
Authors: Stefini Tommaso 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article examines the creation of state membership, or legal belonging, for European merchant groups residing in the Ottoman Empire during the seventeenth century. It focuses on the Venetian community of Istanbul and a jurisdictional conflict during 1613–1617 between Ottoman and European authorities over the legal belonging of European merchants. Given the absence of an empire-wide and uniform regime of citizenship and identification in the early modern Ottoman Empire, the classification as either “Venetian” or “Ottoman” was not self-evident but rather frequently a matter of controversy and diplomatic negotiations. This essay argues that an international body of rules and practices concerning state membership developed through interactions between Ottoman and European actors during recurring jurisdictional conflicts in the early modern period.
Zinc mediated enhancement of key enzyme activities in leaves and protein content of wheat grain
Authors: Mathpal Bhupendra , Srivastava Prakash Chandra , Kumari Aradhana , Shankhdhar Shailesh Chandra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a widespread problem in agricultural soils all over the globe. As an essential element, Zn plays a decisive role in realization of high yields of wheat, the changes in activities of Zn dependent enzymes and its accumulation in various plant parts of wheat varieties of differential susceptibility. The aim of the study was to examine the activities of Zn dependent enzymes, i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD), carbonic anhydrase (CA); chlorophyll and grain protein content and to evaluate the pattern of Zn transport in two wheat varieties (UP2628-Zn efficient and UP262-Zn inefficient). All these parameters were evaluated in a pot experiment under different modes of Zn applications viz., control (C), soil application (S), foliar application (F), soil+foliar application (S+F). The accumulation of Zn in different plant parts of both wheat varieties under different Zn supply regimes was monitored in a separate autoradiography experiment where radiolabelled Zn was used. An increased activity of SOD, CA and total chlorophyll content in leaves, high protein content in grains and 65Zn accumulation was observed under S+F mode of Zn application. Zinc efficient variety (UP2628) showed higher SOD, CA activities, chlorophyll content in leaves and grain protein content as compared to UP262. Both soil application + foliar spray of Zn and cultivation of Zn efficient variety (UP2628) can be best approach for Zn biofortification of wheat.
Three Interpretations of the Moral Good and Bad in Islamic Philosophy and Theology and Their Impact on Legal Hermeneutics
Authors: Javadi Mohsen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the Islamic moral discourse, the Muʿtazilī theologians are generally known to deem moral good (ḥusn) and bad (qubḥ) to be real and related to the action itself independently of the revelation. They also admit that the human intellect is capable of grasping moral principles. This position, however, was opposed by Ashʿarī theologians who consider good and bad to be recognizable only through revelation, as well as by philosophers who believe that ethical propositions carry a social normative function, and, hence, must be endorsed by a sufficient proportion of the population to be truly deemed ethical through praised opinions. According to Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna, d. 428/1037), the existence of a given proof is not a sufficient criterion for a moral proposition to be true.
After discussing these three views in the Islamic tradition, this paper looks at the impact of theological and philosophical views on legal hermeneutics (uṣūl al-fiqh), which has received little scholarly attention. The scope of my investigation is limited to Shīʿī uṣūl al-fiqh of the last century. More specifically, I shall focus on Ākhūnd al-Khurasānī (d. 1329/1911), a proponent of Muʿtazilī moral theory, as well as al-Muḥaqqiq al-Iṣfahānī (d. 1361/1942), a proponent of the philosophers’ position. In so doing, I argue that while some Shīʿī jurists have explicitly endorsed the theory of essential and rational goodness and badness, others defended Ibn Sīnā’s theory on moral propositions. Finally, I conclude that while Shīʿī jurists did not explicitly endorse the Ashʿarī position, one can observe some resonance with the epistemological claim of the Ashʿarī approach in their legal hermeneutics without necessarily endorsing the theory of divine and legislative goodness and badness. This leads me to underline the impact of both philosophical and theological doctrine on Islamic legal hermeneutics.
Surrealism in the Shadow of the French–Algerian War
Authors: Spiteri Raymond 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The French–Algerian War (1954–1962) was a key event in post-WWII French history. It coincided with a renewal of the French surrealist movement, with the publication of a new review, Le Surréalisme, même (1956–1960), and a major group exhibition in 1959, Exposition intéRnatiOnale du Surréalisme (EROS). What effect did the French–Algerian War have on surrealism? The surrealists not only supported Algerian independence, but they were also involved in the intellectual opposition to the war, participating in numerous initiatives supporting the Algerian cause. Yet, despite this evidence, the picture that emerges is curiously fragmented, suggesting in retrospect that the war was more a shadowy presence than an overriding concern during this period.
The Differential Politics of Poetic Experience in Wartime and Postwar Surrealism
Authors: Harris Steven 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Surrealism has always emphasized revelatory experience over abstract theory. The importance of art and poetry to the movement is the relation to the world they enact, as the images themselves are always relational, a rapprochement, and not simply mimetic of the look of things. The 1942 text “Prolegomena to a Third Surrealist Manifesto or Not” reconceptualizes politics away from the leadership of political parties and toward a time when politics, knowledge, and imagination are brought into and kept in relation to one another, and which are always seen through the prism of relationality: of how we live in the world.
Animated Femininities, Queer Discontent
Authors: Galbraith Patrick W. , Rose Megan Catherine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With the globalization of anime opening from a trickle in the 1970s to a virtual torrent at present, Japanese cute visual cultures have spread worldwide. Under this umbrella is the genre of magical girl, which tells sentimental and powerful stories of young hyperfeminine heroines who, through love, friendship and superpowers, solve global-scale problems. We interview Colin Armistead, a filmmaker located in California in the United States, and voice actress Phoebe Chan, who together tap into this genre as part of their queer short-film project, Angelic Kitty Miracle-chan. Central for our interviewees is moe, which today in global circulation means cute or anime cute, but in Japan refers to an affective response to any character. We discuss concepts of hyperfemininity in anime, its excess and boundless potential and what this can mean for those negotiating trans-feminine identities.
Vitamin D status in pregnancy and cord blood is associated with symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder at age 5 years: Results from Odense Child Cohort
Authors: Thinggaard Camilla Munk , Dalgård Christine , Möller Sören , Christesen Henrik Boye Thybo , Bilenberg Niels 
Published: August 2024

Background: Vitamin D status in pregnancy may affect offspring neurodevelopment. Objective: The objective was to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in cord blood and pregnancy and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in 5-year-old offspring. Method: In Odense Child Cohort, Denmark, 944 mother–child pairs had data on pregnancy or cord serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parent-rated attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom score by Child Behavior Checklist for ages 1.5–5 years. Adjusted multiple linear regression and two-stage exposure analyses were performed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D associations to the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom score. Results: The mean (standard deviation) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in cord blood was 48.0 (21.8) nmol/L; early pregnancy was 65.5 (20.2) nmol/L and late pregnancy was 79.3 (25.7) nmol/L. The median (interquartile range) age of child at examination was 5.2 (5.1–5.4) years and median (interquartile range) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom score was 2 (0–3) points. In adjusted analyses, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of <25 nmol/L and <32 nmol/L in cord blood and <25 nmol/L in early pregnancy was associated with 0.9 [95% confidence interval: 0.4, 1.3], 0.5 [0.1, 0.9] and 2.1 [0.8, 3.4] points higher attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom score vs reference. In the two-stage exposure analysis, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom score decreased by 0.4 points per 25 nmol/L increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Moreover, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of <25 nmol/L in early pregnancy and cord was associated with a five-fold and a two-fold risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom score ⩾90th percentile, adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 4.9 [1.3, 19.0] and 2.2 [1.2, 3.9]. Conclusion: In this cohort, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <25 nmol/L in cord blood and early pregnancy were risk factors for higher attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom score in 5-year-old children, suggesting a protective effect of vitamin D on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder traits at preschool age.
Two-year follow-up of a brisk walking programme on fitness, perceived health and physical activity engagement in postmenopausal women
Authors: Garnier Sophie , Joffroy Sandra , Thon Bernard , Auneau Gérard , Mauriège Pascale 
Published: August 2024

Objective: Brisk walking helps postmenopausal women to maintain body weight and fat mass losses as well cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and to feel better. However, these long-term benefits have not been fully examined. The aims of this study were to compare the effects of a 2-year follow-up with those of a 4-month walking programme on body composition, resting blood pressure (BP), CRF and perceived health of 248 sedentary postmenopausal women (60 ± 5 years) with overweight-to-moderate obesity (body mass index, BMI, 30 ± 4 kg/m2). Method: From the study-population, 196 women engaged in an outdoor walking programme consisting of three sessions of 45 minutes/week at 60% of their heart rate reserve (initially exercised, IEx, group), and another 52 formed the initial control group (ICo). Ninety-one IEx and 18 ICo women were re-examined 2 years later, for all outcomes. Results: In IEx women, decreased body weight, fat mass and BP versus the increased CRF (.0001 <  p < .001) as well as improvements in four on six items of perceived health (.0001 <  p < .05) were maintained at follow-up. In ICo women, reduced BP and improved perceived healthy balanced diet were the only benefits at follow-up ( p < .05). Of the 91 IEx women, 70 remained physically active (60 minutes/week), and 46 of them engaged in physical activity more than 150 minutes/week. In ICo women, 16 became physically active (60 minutes/week), while 9 of them reached 150 minutes/week. Conclusion: The regular practice of brisk walking in greenspaces could thus be considered a useful health education strategy for middle-aged women.
The double awareness of the wish to hasten death and the will to live: A secondary analysis of outlier patients from a mixed-methods study
Authors: Boström Kathleen , Dojan Thomas , Hellmich Martin , Kremeike Kerstin , Voltz Raymond 
Published: August 2024

Background: Patients with serious illness frequently report (temporary) wishes to hasten death. Even until the end-of-life, many patients also harbor a will to live. Although both phenomena are negatively correlated according to some studies, they can also co-exist. Knowledge about the complex relationship between the seemingly opposing wish to hasten death and will to live is limited, but crucial for delivering adequate care and understanding potential requests for assisted dying. Aim: To study the correlation of and explore the relationship between wish to hasten death and will to live over 6 weeks. Design: Observatory, prospective cohort study following a mixed methods design. Analysis of quantitative (Schedules of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death, a visual numerical scale and (additional) validated questionnaires) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews) data with illustrative case descriptions. Setting/participants: Patients receiving palliative care with heterogenous underlying diseases from various care settings, before and after an open conversation on a possible desire to die. Results: In n = 85 patients, wish to hasten death and will to live were strongly negatively correlated at three time points (baseline: r(65) = −0.647, p ⩽ 0.001; after 1 week: r(55) = −0.457, p ⩽ 0.001 and after 4–6 weeks: r(43) = −0.727, p ⩽ 0.001). However, visual assessment of scatterplots revealed a small, but substantial number of outliers. When focusing on these outlier patients, they showed clinically relevant changes between baseline and 6 weeks with the wish to hasten death changing in n = 9 (15% of n = 60) and the will to live changing in n = 11 (18.6% of n = 59). Interview data of three outlier cases illustrates unusual trajectories and possible factors which may influence them. Conclusions: As they can co-exist in different possible combinations, a high wish to hasten death does not necessarily imply a low will to live and vice versa. Patients receiving palliative care can hold such seemingly opposing positions in mind as a form of coping when confronted with an existential threat of serious illness. Therefore, health professionals are encouraged to proactively engage patients in conversation about both phenomena.
Preserving the integrity of personhood in people with advanced cancer: An in-depth qualitative study among patients, relatives, and care professionals
Authors: Senßfelder Alina , Havemann Matthias , Pedrosa Carrasco Anna J , von Blanckenburg Pia , Seifart Carola 
Published: August 2024

Background: Every advanced cancer diagnosis brings enormous challenges to patients and their relatives on numerous levels: be it physical, practical, social challenges, or on a more personal level. While specific aspects have been researched before, an overarching approach is lacking. Aim: To understand the lived experiences of people with advanced cancer, to identify gaps along the cancer care continuum, to identify potential opportunities for meaningful interventions and to develop a theoretical framework for practitioners and researchers. Design: A qualitative study using in-depth interviews with patients, relatives, and care professionals. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a conventional content analysis. Setting/participants: Fifty-four interviews with 17 patients from a university oncology department and palliative care service, 15 relatives and 22 care professionals from physicians to funeral directors. All interviewees were recruited by a German university hospital. Results: We developed a novel model describing the diagnosis with advanced cancer as a highly disruptive experience that threatens to challenge the integrity of personhood in cancer patients through four areas: communication, knowledge, relationships, and confidence. We were able to identify factors leading to disintegration in these areas and factors supporting a restoration of integrity of personhood. Conclusions: The developed model provides a more thorough understanding of patients lived experiences. It can help to develop new interventions along the cancer care continuum to support patients in the complex challenges they face. These interventions should focus on supporting the integrity of personhood.