bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reasons For and Reservations About Research Participation in Acutely Injured Adults
Authors: Irani Elliane , Richmond Therese S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the reasons adult patients seeking emergency department care for minor injuries agree to participate in clinical research and to identify their reservations about participating in a research study.Design and MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of data from a longitudinal cohort study of 275 adults who sought emergency department care for physical injury and were followed over 12 months. At the final interview, participants were asked open‐ended short‐answer questions about their perception of participating in the study. Free text responses were analyzed using conventional content analysis.FindingsThe final sample of 214 participants was composed equally of males and females, predominantly Black (54%) and White (42%), with a mean age of 41 years. Six themes about reasons for participation emerged from free text responses: being asked, altruism, potential for personal benefit, financial gain, curiosity, and valuing or knowledge of research. Most did not report reservations. Those reservations identified included time constraints, confidentiality, and whether patients felt well suited to fulfill the study requirements.ConclusionsAlthough injured patients are identified by the research community as vulnerable, they are willing to participate in research studies for diverse reasons, and their participation is commonly associated with positive experiences.Clinical RelevanceUnderstanding perceptions of participants’ experiences of being in a research study after acute injury can guide researchers to improve future study protocols and recruitment strategies in order to optimize participants’ experiences. Recruitment and retention into clinical research studies is essential to build nursing science to enhance the recovery of injured individuals.
Efficacy of stabilisation splint treatment on facial pain – 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Qvintus V. , Suominen A. L. , Huttunen J. , Raustia A. , Ylöstalo P. , Sipilä K. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe aim of this randomised controlled trial was to assess the efficacy of stabilisation splint treatment on TMD‐related facial pain during a 1‐year follow‐up. Eighty patients were randomly assigned to two groups: splint group (n = 39) and control group (n = 41). The patients in the splint group were treated with a stabilisation splint and received counselling and instructions for masticatory muscle exercises. The controls received only counselling and instructions for masticatory muscles exercises. The outcome variables were the change in the intensity of facial pain (as measured with visual analogue scale, VAS) as well as the patients' subjective estimate of treatment outcome. The differences in VAS changes between the groups were analysed using variance analysis and linear regression models. The VAS decreased in both groups, the difference between the groups being not statistically significant. The group status did not significantly associate with the decrease in VAS after adjustment for baseline VAS, gender, age, length of treatment and general health status. The only statistically significant predicting factor was the baseline VAS, which was also confirmed by the mixed‐effect linear model. After 1‐year follow‐up, 27·6% of the patients in the splint group and 37·5% of the patients in the control group reported ‘very good' treatment effects. The findings of this study did not show stabilisation splint treatment to be more effective in decreasing facial pain than masticatory muscle exercises and counselling alone in the treatment of TMD‐related facial pain over a 1‐year follow‐up.
PATIENTS' ADHERENCE TO ASPECTS OF HAEMODIALYSIS REGIMENS IN TROPICAL NORTH QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA
Authors: Smyth Wendy , Hartig Vicki , Hayes Megan , Manickam Valli 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYBackgroundPatients with end‐stage kidney disease often have difficulty in adhering to aspects of their haemodialysis regimens.ObjectivesThis study aimed to quantify the number of patients who attended 100% of their scheduled haemodialysis sessions, and the number of patients who gained no more than one kilogram per day between dialysis sessions, over a three‐month period.DesignRetrospective chart auditParticipantsPatients undergoing haemodialysis at an in‐hospital centre in tropical Australia.MethodsA renal nurse audited the 72 charts pertaining to a 12‐week period in 2013.ResultsPatients attended 90.1% of all scheduled dialysis sessions. Forty‐one patients attended all sessions, with the remaining 31 missing at least one scheduled session. One patient missed 16 scheduled sessions. The following were statistically less likely to attend all their scheduled sessions: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients; patients on a three times per week dialysis schedule; patients who had relocated from rural or regional towns and younger patients. The average daily weight gain ranged from 0.414 kg to 1.017 kg (mean = 0.885 kg). Younger patients were statistically less likely to adhere to fluid restrictions; patients without diabetes were more likely to adhere to the fluid allowances.Conclusions and applications to practiceRenal services need to assist patients to adhere to their regimens. Initially, this service will examine strategies to maximise the likelihood of patients attending all of their dialysis sessions. Such an outcome will help to delay deterioration in the patients' health status, while minimising additional strain on the health service.
Characterization of the Complete Genome of a Novel Polerovirus Infecting Sauropus androgynus in Thailand
Authors: Knierim Dennis , Maiss Edgar , Menzel Wulf , Winter Stephan , Kenyon Lawrence 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLeaf samples from Thailand of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. plants presenting leaf yellowing symptoms were screened by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the presence of polerovirus infection. In five of eight samples, a polerovirus was detected, and in four of these five polerovirus‐positive samples, a begomovirus infection had been detected in a previous study. The complete polerovirus genome sequence was determined from the sample which was not also infected with a begomovirus. Analysis of the sequence revealed the typical genome organization of a polerovirus. The highest nucleotide sequence identity to any other polerovirus species sequence in GenBank was 49% to pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV), and the highest amino acid sequence identity of all deduced protein sequences was 70% with the coat protein of PYLCV. Based on these findings, we propose this novel polerovirus species be named Sauropus yellowing virus (SaYV).
The Effects and Consequences of Simultaneously Arising Different Network Externalities on the Demand for Status Goods
Authors: Kovács Kármen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to explore how two main forms of network externalities, bandwagon and snob effects, influence the market demand for status goods when they arise simultaneously. If the snob effect is greater than the bandwagon effect, the demand function involving both effects is less elastic than the demand function that does not involve network externalities; however, the market demand function becomes increasingly elastic as the bandwagon effect becomes stronger. By introducing the concept of net social external effect, the change in the quantity demanded as a consequence of the resultant of network externalities can be measured.
Introduction of a new ward round approach in a cardiothoracic critical care unit
Authors: Shaughnessy Liz , Jackson Jo 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundFrancis (2013) described inconsistent ward rounds and failures to conduct ward rounds properly as contributing factors to the poor care seen at the Mid Staffordshire Foundation Trust. He suggested that the absence of a nurse at the bedside had clear consequences for communication, ward round efficiency and patient safety. He recommended that nurses should be actively involved in ward rounds and linked this to high quality patient care.AimTo share an experience of introducing a ward round checklist, a bedside nurse verbal summary and the development of standard operating procedure for Ward Rounds in cardiothoracic critical care unit to improve patient safety and care.Design and methods

Semi structured interviews of six registered nurses.
A questionnaire to 69 registered nurses.
An electronic questionnaire sent to 23 members of the MDT.
An observational audit of seven ward rounds reviewing 69 patients.

Results97% of nurses agreed that verbal summarizing had improved clarity and 90% felt that it had improved patient care. 87% of the MDT respondents stated that they had noticed an improvement in the attendance of the bedside nurse at the ward round review. The ward round checklist reduced omissions. Communication with patients during ward rounds was an area which needed to be improved.ConclusionsThe introduction of a new ward round approach and audit of its practice has enabled an improvement in the quality of patient care by:

Giving more opportunity for the nurse to participate and feel part of the ward round.
Reduction of omissions through the use of a ward round checklist.
Improved clarity among the MDT by the use of bedside nurse verbal summarizing of the plan of care.

Relevance to clinical practiceNurses' full participation in ward rounds is essential to ensure effective communication and enhance patient safety.
Telling Stories: TheMycenaeanOrigins of thePhilistines
Authors: Middleton Guy D. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe story of thePhilistines asMycenaean orAegean migrants, refugees who fled theAegean after the collapse of the palace societiesc.1200BC, bringing anAegean culture and practices to theEasternMediterranean, is well known. Accepted as essentially true by some, yet rejected as little more than a modern myth by others, the migration narrative retains a central place in the archaeology and historiography of theEasternMediterranean in the Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age (LBA/EIA). In recent years, and despite an increasingly shaky theoretical basis, the migration hypothesis has nevertheless seemed to drown out other interpretations and characterizations of the period, claiming a normative position that is undeserved. In this paper I explore the continuing power of this nineteenth century narrative and seek to show why it is less convincing than its prominent status would suggest.
Should we abandon landmark‐based technique for caudal anesthesia in neonates and infants?
Authors: Mirjalili Seyed Ali , Taghavi Kiarash , Frawley Geoff , Craw Susan 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackgroundCaudal anesthesia is a landmark‐based technique with ultrasound guidance occasionally used in the absence of landmarks. The current surface landmark remains a popular approach due to its desirable success rate. However, incomplete ossification of the posterior vertebral elements can make this procedure for neonatal caudal anesthesia difficult. The aim of this study was to describe the anatomical relationship of the posterior superior iliac spines (PSISs) to the sacral cornua in infants using ultrasound.MethodsA total of 26 healthy infants (17 female; mean age 13 weeks) were scanned by an experienced radiologist in the prone position with hip and knee joints flexed. The PSISs and sacral cornua were identified clinically then using ultrasound to assess whether these markings corresponded with the clinical markings. The distance between the PSISs and the distance between the tip of the PSIS and tip of the sacral cornu were measured using ultrasound.ResultsThe PSISs were clinically identified in all babies, but the sacral cornua were not palpable in four babies (15%). The PSISs and sacral cornua were easily visualized using ultrasound in all participants. The mean distance between the two left and right PSISs was 3.4 ± 0.5 cm; the mean distance between the PSISs and cornu was 2.5 ± 0.5 cm on the left and right.ConclusionThis study showed that the current landmark (equilateral triangle) for infant caudal anesthesia is unreliable. Importantly, the sacral hiatus is clinically identifiable only if the sacral cornua are palpable; otherwise, using ultrasound is essential.
Cultivating a Sense of Place in Religious Studies
Authors: Jensen Molly Hadley 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis essay analyzes student learning through place‐based pedagogies in an American Religions course. In the course, students analyzed cultural meanings and practices of regional religious communities and participated in sensory awareness and ecological learning in a campus garden. Embodied learning increased student understanding and appreciation of land‐based religious practices and epistemologies, and promoted multiple student literacies. In Religious Studies, place‐based learning is vital to the examination of the rich dimensions and expressions of religious experience. Across disciplines, place‐based pedagogies can expand and deepen text‐based learning, cultivate recognition of various ways of knowing, foster affective connections to the local community, and develop critical skills for addressing patterns of displacement and ecological denigration.
“Oh Events” for the Professor: Studies and Stories of Religious Studies Abroad
Authors: Barbour John D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis response explains three ways in which the preceding essays are a significant contribution to the study of study abroad, explores three additional issues, and makes three suggestions for future work on religious studies and study abroad. This response is published alongside of six other essays, comprising a special section of the journal (see Teaching Theology and Religion 18:1, January 2015).
Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus in the Republic of Kiribati: a case–control study
Authors: Viney K. , Cavanaugh J. , Kienene T. , Harley D. , Kelly P. M. , Sleigh A. , O'Connor J. , Mase S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo better inform local management of TB–diabetes collaborative activities, we aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes among persons with and without TB and to determine the association between TB and diabetes in Kiribati, a Pacific Island nation.MethodsWe compared consecutively enrolled TB cases to a group of randomly selected community controls without evidence of TB. Diabetes was diagnosed by HbA1c, and clinical and demographic data were collected. A tuberculin skin test was administered to controls. The chi‐square test was used to assess significance in differences between cases and controls. We also calculated an odds ratio, with 95% confidence intervals, for the odds of diabetes among cases relative to controls. Unweighted multivariate logistic regression was performed to adjust for the effects of age and sex.ResultsA total of 275 TB cases and 499 controls were enrolled. The diabetes prevalence in cases (101, 37%) was significantly greater than in controls (94, 19%) (adjusted odds ratio: 2.8; 95% CI 2.0–4.1). Fifty‐five percent (108) of all diabetic diagnoses were new; this proportion was higher among controls (64.8%) than cases (46.5%). Five patients with TB were screened to detect one patient with diabetes.ConclusionsThere is a strong association between TB and diabetes in Kiribati and bidirectional screening should be conducted in this setting.
The GI–CDF module of Arabidopsis affects freezing tolerance and growth as well as flowering
Authors: Fornara Fabio , de Montaigu Amaury , Sánchez‐Villarreal Alfredo , Takahashi Yasuyuki , Ver Loren van Themaat Emiel , Huettel Bruno , Davis Seth J. , Coupland George 
Published: January 2015

SummaryPlants monitor and integrate temperature, photoperiod and light quality signals to respond to continuous changes in their environment. The GIGANTEA (GI) protein is central in diverse signaling pathways, including photoperiodic, sugar and light signaling pathways, stress responses and circadian clock regulation. Previously, GI was shown to activate expression of the key floral regulators CONSTANS (CO) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) by facilitating degradation of a family of CYCLING DOF FACTOR (CDF) transcriptional repressors. However, whether CDFs are implicated in other processes affected by GI remains unclear. We investigated the contribution of the GI–CDF module to traits that depend on GI. Transcriptome profiling indicated that mutations in GI and the CDF genes have antagonistic effects on expression of a wider set of genes than CO and FT, whilst other genes are regulated by GI independently of the CDFs. Detailed expression studies followed by phenotypic assays showed that the CDFs function downstream of GI, influencing responses to freezing temperatures and growth, but are not necessary for proper clock function. Thus GI‐mediated regulation of CDFs contributes to several processes in addition to flowering, but is not implicated in all of the traits influenced by GI.
Moderators of Maintained Increase in Aerobic Exercise Among Aging Men and Women in a 4-Year Randomized Controlled Trial: The DR’s EXTRA Study
Authors: Hakola Leena , Savonen Kai , Komulainen Pirjo , Hassinen Maija , Rauramaa Rainer , Lakka Timo A. 
Published: January 2015

Background:Little is known about factors that modify the effectiveness of exercise interventions in increasing exercise. We aimed to identify moderators of the effectiveness of aerobic exercise intervention in maintaining increased aerobic exercise among older individuals.Methods:The participants of a 4-year randomized controlled trial were a population sample of 1410 men and women aged 57 to 78 years. The aerobic exercise group included 185 individuals and the control group included 169 individuals who reported low aerobic exercise at baseline. Maintained increase in aerobic exercise was defined as at least 60-minute increase in moderate-to-heavy aerobic exercise per week from baseline to 2- and 4-year assessments.Results:Individuals in the aerobic exercise group were 2.5 (95% CI 1.5 to 3.9) times more likely to maintain increased aerobic exercise than those in the control group. Individuals aged < 68.5 years but not older individuals succeeded in maintaining increased aerobic exercise in the intervention group (P = .02 for interaction). Individuals who were past smokers (P = .02 for interaction), were working (P = .05 for interaction), or had symptoms of depression (P = .05 for interaction) succeeded better in maintaining increased aerobic exercise in the intervention group than other individuals.Conclusions:These findings help in more precise targeting of future exercise interventions among older individuals.
Reduced Infectivity in Cattle for an Outer Membrane Protein Mutant of Anaplasma marginale
Authors: Crosby Francy L. , Brayton Kelly A. , Magunda Forgivemore , Munderloh Ulrike G. , Kelley Karen L. , Barbet Anthony F. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Anaplasma marginale
is the causative agent of anaplasmosis in cattle. Transposon mutagenesis of this pathogen using the
Himar1
system resulted in the isolation of an
omp10
operon insertional mutant referred to as the
omp10
::
himar1
mutant. The work presented here evaluated if this mutant had morphological and/or growth rate defects compared to wild-type
A. marginale
. Results showed that the morphology, developmental cycle, and growth in tick and mammalian cell cultures are similar for the mutant and the wild type. Tick transmission experiments established that tick infection levels with the mutant were similar to those with wild-type
A. marginale
and that infected ticks successfully infected cattle. However, this mutant exhibited reduced infectivity and growth in cattle. The possibility of transforming
A. marginale
by transposon mutagenesis coupled with
in vitro
and
in vivo
assessment of altered phenotypes can aid in the identification of genes associated with virulence. The isolation of deliberately attenuated organisms that can be evaluated in their natural biological system is an important advance for the rational design of vaccines against this species.
Rhizosphere Microbial Community Composition Affects Cadmium and Zinc Uptake by the Metal-Hyperaccumulating Plant Arabidopsis halleri
Authors: Muehe E. Marie , Weigold Pascal , Adaktylou Irini J. , Planer-Friedrich Britta , Kraemer Ute , Kappler Andreas , Behrens Sebastian 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

The remediation of metal-contaminated soils by phytoextraction depends on plant growth and plant metal accessibility. Soil microorganisms can affect the accumulation of metals by plants either by directly or indirectly stimulating plant growth and activity or by (im)mobilizing and/or complexing metals. Understanding the intricate interplay of metal-accumulating plants with their rhizosphere microbiome is an important step toward the application and optimization of phytoremediation. We compared the effects of a “native” and a strongly disturbed (gamma-irradiated) soil microbial communities on cadmium and zinc accumulation by the plant
Arabidopsis halleri
in soil microcosm experiments.
A. halleri
accumulated 100% more cadmium and 15% more zinc when grown on the untreated than on the gamma-irradiated soil. Gamma irradiation affected neither plant growth nor the 1 M HCl-extractable metal content of the soil. However, it strongly altered the soil microbial community composition and overall cell numbers. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons of DNA extracted from rhizosphere samples of
A. halleri
identified microbial taxa (
Lysobacter
,
Streptomyces
,
Agromyces
,
Nitrospira
, “
Candidatus
Chloracidobacterium”) of higher relative sequence abundance in the rhizospheres of
A. halleri
plants grown on untreated than on gamma-irradiated soil, leading to hypotheses on their potential effect on plant metal uptake. However, further experimental evidence is required, and wherefore we discuss different mechanisms of interaction of
A. halleri
with its rhizosphere microbiome that might have directly or indirectly affected plant metal accumulation. Deciphering the complex interactions between
A. halleri
and individual microbial taxa will help to further develop soil metal phytoextraction as an efficient and sustainable remediation strategy.
Improved Production of Propionic Acid in Propionibacterium jensenii via Combinational Overexpression of Glycerol Dehydrogenase and Malate Dehydrogenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Liu Long , Zhuge Xin , Shin Hyun-dong , Chen Rachel R. , Li Jianghua , Du Guocheng , Chen Jian 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Microbial production of propionic acid (PA), an important chemical building block used as a preservative and chemical intermediate, has gained increasing attention for its environmental friendliness over traditional petrochemical processes. In previous studies, we constructed a shuttle vector as a useful tool for engineering
Propionibacterium jensenii
, a potential candidate for efficient PA synthesis. In this study, we identified the key metabolites for PA synthesis in
P. jensenii
by examining the influence of metabolic intermediate addition on PA synthesis with glycerol as a carbon source under anaerobic conditions. We also further improved PA production via the overexpression of the identified corresponding enzymes, namely, glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and fumarate hydratase (FUM). Compared to those in wild-type
P. jensenii
, the activities of these enzymes in the engineered strains were 2.91- ± 0.17- to 8.12- ± 0.37-fold higher. The transcription levels of the corresponding enzymes in the engineered strains were 2.85- ± 0.19- to 8.07- ± 0.63-fold higher than those in the wild type. The coexpression of GDH and MDH increased the PA titer from 26.95 ± 1.21 g/liter in wild-type
P. jensenii
to 39.43 ± 1.90 g/liter in the engineered strains. This study identified the key metabolic nodes limiting PA overproduction in
P. jensenii
and further improved PA titers via the coexpression of GDH and MDH, making the engineered
P. jensenii
strain a potential industrial producer of PA.