bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simplified approach to true molar intrusion
Authors: Flieger Stefanie , Ziebura Thomas , Kleinheinz Johannes , Wiechmann Dirk 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundOrthodontic management of anterior open bites is a demanding task for orthodontists. Molar intrusion as a primary means of open bite correction entails the need for appropriate anchorage. Orthodontic mini implants can provide the required mechanical support. The suggested procedure aims to reduce the risk of complications such as root damage or soft tissue irritations while minimizing overall complexity.MethodsThree female patients aged 14, 18 and 19 years who decided against a surgical correction were treated with a device consisting of mini implants in the palatal slope, a palatal bar and intrusion cantilevers.ResultsIn all three patients, an open bite reduction of more than a millimeter occurred within four months. An anterior overbite of 2 mm or more could be established within 6 to 9 months.ConclusionsThe method presented in this article enables the practitioner to use mini implants in an easily accessible insertion site. A lab-side procedure is optional but not required.
Low MRSA prevalence in horses at farm level
Authors: Van den Eede Annelies , Martens Ann , Feryn Isabelle , Vanderhaeghen Wannes , Lipinska Urszula , Gasthuys Frank , Butaye Patrick , Haesebrouck Freddy , Hermans Katleen 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
In Europe, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) belonging to the clonal complex (CC) 398 has become an important pathogen in horses, circulating in equine clinics and causing both colonization and infection. Whether equine MRSA is bound to hospitals or can also circulate in the general horse population is currently unknown. This study, therefore, reports the nasal and perianal MRSA screening of 189 horses on 10 farms in a suspected high prevalence region (East- and West-Flanders, Belgium).

Results
Only one horse (0.53%) from one farm (10%) tested positive in the nose. It carried a spa type t011-SCCmecV isolate, resistant to β-lactams and tetracycline, which is typical for livestock-associated MRSA CC398.

Conclusion
In the region tested here, horses on horse farms seem unlikely to substantially contribute to the large animal associated ST398 MRSA reservoir present at intensive animal production units.
AICAR inhibits ceramide biosynthesis in skeletal muscle
Authors: Erickson Katherine A , Smith Melissa E , Anthonymuthu Tamil S , Evanson Michael J , Brassfield Eric S , Hodson Aimee E , Bressler M Andrew , Tucker Braden J , Thatcher Mikayla O , Prince John T , Hancock Chad R , Bikman Benjamin T 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe worldwide prevalence of obesity has lead to increased efforts to find therapies to treat obesity-related pathologies. Ceramide is a well-established mediator of several health problems that arise from adipose tissue expansion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether AICAR, an AMPK-activating drug, selectively reduces skeletal muscle ceramide synthesis.MethodsMurine myotubes and rats were challenged with palmitate and high-fat diet, respectively, to induce ceramide accrual, in the absence or presence of AICAR. Transcript levels of the rate-limiting enzyme in ceramide biosynthesis, serine palmitoyltransferase 2 (SPT2) were measured, in addition to lipid analysis. Student’st-test and ANOVA were used to assess the association between outcomes and groups.ResultsPalmitate alone induced an increase in serine palmitoyltransferase 2 (SPT2) expression and an elevation of ceramide levels in myotubes. Co-incubation with palmitate and AICAR prevented both effects. However, ceramide and SPT2 increased with the addition of compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. In rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), soleus SPT2 expression increased compared with normal chow-fed littermates. Moreover, rats on HFD that received daily AICAR injections had lower SPT2 levels and reduced muscle ceramide content compared with those on HFD only.ConclusionsThese results suggest that AICAR reduces ceramide synthesis by targeting SPT2 transcription, likely via AMPK activation as AMPK inhibition prevented the AICAR-induced improvements. Given the role of skeletal muscle ceramide in insulin resistance, it is tempting to speculate that interventions that activate AMPK may lead to long-term ceramide reduction and improved metabolic function.
LTRsift: a graphical user interface for semi-automatic classification and postprocessing of de novo detected LTR retrotransposons
Authors: Steinbiss Sascha , Kastens Sascha , Kurtz Stefan 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are a class of eukaryotic mobile elements characterized by a distinctive sequence similarity-based structure. Hence they are well suited for computational identification. Current software allows for a comprehensive genome-wide de novo detection of such elements. The obvious next step is the classification of newly detected candidates resulting in (super-)families. Such a de novo classification approach based on sequence-based clustering of transposon features has been proposed before, resulting in a preliminary assignment of candidates to families as a basis for subsequent manual refinement. However, such a classification workflow is typically split across a heterogeneous set of glue scripts and generic software (for example, spreadsheets), making it tedious for a human expert to inspect, curate and export the putative families produced by the workflow.

Results
We have developed LTRsift, an interactive graphical software tool for semi-automatic postprocessing of de novo predicted LTR retrotransposon annotations. Its user-friendly interface offers customizable filtering and classification functionality, displaying the putative candidate groups, their members and their internal structure in a hierarchical fashion. To ease manual work, it also supports graphical user interface-driven reassignment, splitting and further annotation of candidates. Export of grouped candidate sets in standard formats is possible. In two case studies, we demonstrate how LTRsift can be employed in the context of a genome-wide LTR retrotransposon survey effort.

Conclusions

LTRsift is a useful and convenient tool for semi-automated classification of newly detected LTR retrotransposons based on their internal features. Its efficient implementation allows for convenient and seamless filtering and classification in an integrated environment. Developed for life scientists, it is helpful in postprocessing and refining the output of software for predicting LTR retrotransposons up to the stage of preparing full-length reference sequence libraries. The LTRsift software is freely available athttp://www.zbh.uni-hamburg.de/LTRsift under an open-source license.
Regulation of directional cell migration by membrane-induced actin bundling
Authors: George Sudeep P. , Chen Hongfeng , Conrad Jacinta C. , Khurana Seema 
Published: November 2012

Summary
During embryonic development and in metastatic cancers, cells detach from the epithelium and migrate with persistent directionality. Directional cell migration is also crucial for the regeneration and maintenance of the epithelium and impaired directional migration is linked to chronic inflammatory diseases. Despite its significance, the mechanisms controlling epithelial cell migration remain poorly understood. Villin is an epithelial-cell-specific actin modifying protein that regulates epithelial cell plasticity and motility. In motile cells villin is associated with the highly branched and the unbranched actin filaments of lamellipodia and filopodia, respectively. In this study we demonstrate for the first time that villin regulates directionally persistent epithelial cell migration. Functional characterization of wild-type and mutant villin proteins revealed that the ability of villin to self-associate and bundle actin as well as its direct interaction with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] regulates villin-induced filopodial assembly and directional cell migration. Our findings suggest that convergence of different signaling cascades could spatially restrict villin activity to areas of high PtdIns(4,5)P2 and F-actin concentration to assemble filopodia. Furthermore, our data reveal the ability of villin to undergo actin- and PtdIns(4,5)P2-induced self-association, which may be particularly suited to coalesce and reorganize actin bundles within the filopodia.
Prospective analysis of incidence, extent and chronicity of lower extremity venous thrombosis
Authors: Poulikidis K P , Gasparis A P , Labropoulos N 
Published: November 2012

Objective This study was designed to determine all variables related to lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) to be used as reference in patients examined in a hospital setting. Methods Consecutive patients presented with signs and symptoms of venous thromboembolism over a one-year period, examined in our university hospital. Patients’ demographics and clinical characteristics in a data base organized to answer all the pertinent questions. Results There were 2594 patients. Thrombosis was found in 348 (13.4%) of which 249 were acute and 72 had chronic luminal changes. Unilateral thrombosis was found in 268 and bilateral in 80. Acute DVT and/or chronic changes were more common on the left limb. Chronic thrombosis was more prevalent in the proximal veins. Acute thrombosis was more often found in the inpatients. Both acute DVT and chronic changes were found in 27 patients (7.8%) of whom 15 were bilateral. Conclusions Various patterns of thrombosis are found in both inpatients and outpatients with the former having a higher incidence of acute events. Acute, chronic and recurrent thrombosis are very frequent and very important to report as they could change the management of the patients.
Architecture and Biosynthesis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Wall
Authors: Orlean Peter 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The wall gives a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell its osmotic integrity; defines cell shape during budding growth, mating, sporulation, and pseudohypha formation; and presents adhesive glycoproteins to other yeast cells. The wall consists of β1,3- and β1,6-glucans, a small amount of chitin, and many different proteins that may bear N- and O-linked glycans and a glycolipid anchor. These components become cross-linked in various ways to form higher-order complexes. Wall composition and degree of cross-linking vary during growth and development and change in response to cell wall stress. This article reviews wall biogenesis in vegetative cells, covering the structure of wall components and how they are cross-linked; the biosynthesis of N- and O-linked glycans, glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchors, β1,3- and β1,6-linked glucans, and chitin; the reactions that cross-link wall components; and the possible functions of enzymatic and nonenzymatic cell wall proteins.
Genome Evolution Due to Allopolyploidization in Wheat
Authors: Feldman Moshe , Levy Avraham A 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe wheat group has evolved through allopolyploidization, namely, through hybridization among species from the plant genera Aegilops and Triticum followed by genome doubling. This speciation process has been associated with ecogeographical expansion and with domestication. In the past few decades, we have searched for explanations for this impressive success. Our studies attempted to probe the bases for the wide genetic variation characterizing these species, which accounts for their great adaptability and colonizing ability. Central to our work was the investigation of how allopolyploidization alters genome structure and expression. We found in wheat that allopolyploidy accelerated genome evolution in two ways: (1) it triggered rapid genome alterations through the instantaneous generation of a variety of cardinal genetic and epigenetic changes (which we termed “revolutionary” changes), and (2) it facilitated sporadic genomic changes throughout the species’ evolution (i.e., evolutionary changes), which are not attainable at the diploid level. Our major findings in natural and synthetic allopolyploid wheat indicate that these alterations have led to the cytological and genetic diploidization of the allopolyploids. These genetic and epigenetic changes reflect the dynamic structural and functional plasticity of the allopolyploid wheat genome. The significance of this plasticity for the successful establishment of wheat allopolyploids, in nature and under domestication, is discussed.
Parasitoids Attacking Larvae of a Recently Introduced Weed Biological Control Agent,Neomusotima conspurcatalis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae): Key to Species, Natural History, and Integrative Taxonomy
Authors: Boughton Anthony J , Kula Robert R , Gates Michael , Zhang Yali , Nunez Melissa , O'connor Jaqui , Whitfield James B , Center Ted D 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe extent to which introduced weed biocontrol agents are subject to attack by generalist natural enemies within the area of introduction is believed to be an important determinant of program success. We monitored larval populations of a recently introduced weed biocontrol agent, Neomusotima conspurcatalis Warren, at field sites in Florida to investigate parasitism by native parasitoids and to assess the overall rate of parasitism. Of six native parasitoid species reared from wild larvae of N. conspurcatalis, five, Rhygoplitis choreuti (Viereck), Stantonia pallida (Ashmead), Elasmus apanteli Gahan, Hyphantrophaga sellersi (Sabrosky), and an unidentified Cotesia sp. were primary parasitoids of the biocontrol agent. The sixth species, Mesochorus apantelis Dasch, is likely a hyperparasitoid of R. choreuti. From 1,100 N. conspurcatalis larvae collected from three sites, adult parasitoids emerged from 6.8% of those larvae and 73.6% of the N. conspurcatalis developed to adulthood. R. choreuti was the most common parasitoid, accounting for 81% of adults reared. Photographs of parasitoid species are provided, aspects of their natural histories and host ranges are described, and accumulation of native parasitoids on introduced weed biocontrol agents is discussed.
Developmental Time and Survival of Trash-Carrying Versus Naked Green Lacewings, with Implications for Their Utility as Augmentative Biological Control Agents
Authors: Haruyama Naoto , Miyazaki Yuta , Nakahira Kengo , Mochizuki Atsushi , Nomura Masashi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Because of their importance and abundance as predators of pest insects in agroecosystems around the world, eight species of lacewings from four genera (Apertochrysa, Chrysopa, Chrysoperla, and Dichochrysa) were investigated to evaluate their performance when reared on eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, a factitious prey commonly used in mass rearing systems. In particular, a comparative assessment of trash-carrying versus naked species (ones not carrying trash on their backs) was performed. We measured the developmental times and survival rates of the eight green lacewings and compared these characteristics between trash-carrying and naked lacewing species. Survival during immature development was higher (77–87%) for the two naked species (Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) and Chrysoperla suzukii (Okamoto)) than for the trash-carrying species D. alcestes (33%). Immature and larval developmental times were significantly longer among the trash-carrying species than the naked species. The rapid development of naked green lacewings may be a strategy to decrease predation risk by aphid guarding ants and intra-guild predators.
Phenology in the Native Range of Rhizaspidiotus donacis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), a Biological Control Agent of Giant Reed in North America
Authors: Cortés E , Marcos-García M A 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Population phenology studies in the native range of a potential biological control agent are indispensable to understand and manage the establishment of populations. At the same time, is important to know the responses of this agent to climatic variation if it were to be released in its target range. The life cycle and phenology of the armored scale Rhizaspidiotus donacis Leonardi, 1920 (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) under field conditions in part of its native range, the southeast of Spain, was studied from 2008 to 2010 as part of an evaluation of this scale for biological control of the giant reed, Arundo donax L. (Poaceae) in the south—western United States and Mexico, as this rhizomatous grass becomes invasive and extremely harmful in riparian areas. The results observed were that R. donacis has one generation per year. The crawlers are the infective and dispersive life stage and they occurred during spring, from March to June and the reproductive period identified by the adult males emergence, was found from May to July. Temperature was one of the climatic variables considered with most influence on the variation of stages abundance.
Revision ofBucaphallanus, a New Subgenus ofParanomala(Coleoptera: Melolonthidae, Rutelinae, Anomalini) with Description of Six New Species from Mexico
Authors: Ramírez-Ponce Andrés , Morón Miguel Angel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe new subgenus Bucaphallanus is proposed to place the species of Paranomala Casey that has the apex of the mentum widely bilobed and provided with a dense fringe of setae and with lateral carinae on the abdominal sternites, as P. castaniceps (Bates) and P. capita (Ohaus). Six new species from Mexico are described and included in the new subgenus. We discuss and illustrate the diagnostic structures of the eight species. A distribution map, key to the species, and comments on its affinities with other members of the genus Paranomala are provided.
Ecology, Acoustic Behavior, and Morphology of the Cicada Cornuplura nigroalbata (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae)
Authors: Sanborn Allen F , Phillips Polly K 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Cornuplura nigroalbata (Davis, 1936) is a rarely collected cicada species represented by some 20 specimens deposited in institutional collections. We almost doubled the number of previously collected specimens and provide information on the acoustic behavior, ecology, distribution, and morphology of the species. The Arizona population studied appears to be the northernmost extension of the population and specimens are restricted to Santa Cruz and Cochise Counties in Arizona. The species is associated with the Sonoran desert vegetation. Males call primarily in the morning from desert oaks and mesquite with a preference for ocotillo at the beginning of the calling period. The song is an amplitude modulated call with dominant frequency of ≈6.5 kHz. We illustrate the genitalia and opercula of both males and females of the species for the first time.
New Records of Termite Hosts for Two Species ofHoplopyga,with Notes on the Life Cycle ofHoplopyga brasiliensis(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)
Authors: Puker Anderson , Lopes-Andrade Cristiano , Rosa Cassiano S , Grossi Paschoal C 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe provide the first report of larvae of Hoplopyga brasiliensis (Gory and Percheron) and H. singuhris (Gory and Percheron) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) in nests of Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar) (Isoptera: Termitidae: Syntermitinae) and Dwersitermes diversimiles (Silvestri) (Isoptera: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae), respectively. We also provide new information on the life cycle of H. brasiliensis and the feeding behavior of adults of H. singularis. In total, 44 larvae of H. brasiliensis were found in a single nest of C. cumulans in apastureland in Coimbra, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Larvae of H. singularis were found under nests of D. diversimites at two urban parks in the state of Parana, Brazil. ≈15 larvae of H. singulis in different stages of development and some opened pupal cells were found in some nests of D. diversimiles. We increase the number of known termitophilous Hoplopyga species to three and discuss such relationships in light of published data and new information provided here.
Temperature-Dependent Development and Cold Tolerance of Microtheca ochroloma (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a Pest of Cruciferous Crops in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Manrique Veronica , Diaz Rodrigo , Montemayor Cecil , Serrano Dafne , Cave Ronald D 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The yellowmargined leaf beetle, Microthecaochroloma (Stål) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae ), is an adventive pest of cruciferous crops in the southeastern United States. Despite its pest status, there is limited information about the infiuence of temperature on development and survival of M. ochroloma. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of temperature on the development and survival of immature stages, and determine the cold tolerance of immature and adult stages. Development was evaluated at 15,20, 25, and 30°C, and cold tolerance was measured at 5,0, and -5°C inside environmentally controlled chambers. Survival of M. ochroloma from egg to adult was ≈80% at 15,20, and 25°C, but only 24% at 30°C. Mean developmental time was longest at 15°C (57 d) and shortest at 30°C (17 d). Leaf area consumed by the fourth instar was 7.4-fold lower at 30°C compared with consumption at 15, 20, or 25°C. The lower developmental threshold varied from 7.3 to 9.8°C and the total degree-days required to complete development from egg to adult was 333. At 5,0, and -5°C, the LT90 values for the first instar were shorter compared with all other stadia, suggesting that the first instar is the most susceptible to cold temperatures. Eggs were most cold tolerant, followed by pupae and adults. Based on the LT50 (13d) andLT90 (38d) of eggs at 0°C, the predicted northern distribution of M. ochroloma extends to Kansas, Illinois, Kentucky, and Virginia.
No Correlation between Plasma NMDA-Related Glutamatergic Amino Acid Levels and Cognitive Function in Medicated Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Ohnuma Tohru , Sakai Yoshie , Maeshima Hitoshi , Higa Motoyuki , Hanzawa Ryo , Kitazawa Maiko , Hotta Yuri , Katsuta Narimasa , Takebayashi Yuto , Shibata Nobuto , Arai Heii 
Published: November 2012

Objective: Disrupted glutamatergic neurotransmission and cognitive functions are key components in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Changes in levels of serum/plasma glutamatergic amino acids, such as glutamate, glycine, and L- and D-serine may be possible clinical markers. Following our recent findings that peripheral blood levels of endogenous glycine, alanine, and especially D-serine may reflect the degree/change in symptoms in schizophrenia, here we investigated whether these plasma amino acid levels may also reflect the status of cognitive functions in schizophrenia. Methods: One hundred eight Japanese patients with schizophrenia were evaluated with cognitive assessment batteries at the time that plasma glutamatergic amino acid levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. For analyzing cognitive functions, batteries for reflection prefrontal cortex cognitive functions, verbal fluency tests, the Stroop test, and the digit span forward and backward tests were administered. Results: Results failed to show a relationship between any plasma glutamatergic amino acid level and cognitive batteries. Conclusions: Our results suggest that plasma glutamatergic amino acid levels may be significant biological markers that reflect the condition or a dramatic change at the time of testing, especially in severely affected patients, but they do not reflect cognitive function.