bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multistimuli‐Responsive Supramolecular Assembly of Cucurbituril/Cyclodextrin Pairs with an Azobenzene‐Containing Bispyridinium Guest
Authors: Zhao Jin , Zhang Ying‐Ming , Sun He‐Lue , Chang Xiao‐Yu , Liu Yu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA linear supramolecular architecture was successfully constructed by the inclusion complexation of α‐cyclodextrin with azobenzene and the host‐stabilized charge‐transfer interaction of naphthalene and a bispyridinium guest with cucurbit[8]uril in water, which was comprehensively characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy, dynamic laser scattering, and microscopic observations. Significantly, because it benefits from the photoinduced isomerization of the azophenyl group and the chemical reduction of bispyridinium moiety with noncovalent connections, the assembly/disassembly process of this supramolecular nanostructure can be efficiently modulated by external stimuli, including temperature, UV and visible‐light irradiation, and chemical redox.
Cobalt Phenanthroline–Indole Macrocycles as Highly Active Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Quernheim Martin , Liang Haiwei , Su Qi , Baumgarten Martin , Koshino Nobuyoshi , Higashimura Hideyuki , Müllen Klaus 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe replacement of scarce and expensive platinum species poses a challenge in fuel‐cell development. The design and synthesis of a novel type of CoII–N4 macrocyclic complex, [CoN4], based on the phenanthroline–indole macrocyclic ligand (PIM) is reported. This unique ligand allows the formation of mono‐ and dinuclear complexes with defined active sites that facilitate the direct four‐electron reduction of oxygen. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the [CoN4]/C (20 wt %) catalysts have a high activity and long‐term stability for the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) under alkaline conditions, similar to the Pt/C catalyst. These structurally well‐defined complexes represent a nonprecious alternative to platinum species for future fuel‐cell applications.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative CH Alkenylations of Sulfonic Acids, Sulfonyl Chlorides and Sulfonamides
Authors: Ma Wenbo , Mei Ruhuai , Tenti Giammarco , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTwofold CH functionalization of aromatic sulfonic acids was achieved with an in situ generated ruthenium(II) catalyst. The optimized cross‐dehydrogenative alkenylation protocol proved applicable to differently substituted arenes and a variety of alkenes, including vinyl arenes, sulfones, nitriles and ketones. The robustness of the ruthenium(II) catalyst was demonstrated by the chemoselective oxidative olefination of sulfonamides as well as sulfonyl chlorides. Mechanistic studies provided support for a reversible, acetate‐assisted CH ruthenation, along with a subsequent olefin insertion.
Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Nitrogen Heterocycles from Anilines under Ligand‐Free Conditions
Authors: Toummini Dounia , Tlili Anis , Bergès Julien , Ouazzani Fouad , Taillefer Marc 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe arylation of pyrazole and derivatives can be achieved by coupling arenediazonium species (formed in situ from anilines) by using a catalytic system that employs low‐toxicity and inexpensive copper metal under very mild and ligand‐free conditions (T=20 °C). From other nitrogen heterocycles, the presence of an additive (NBu4I) significantly improves the efficiency of the catalytic system. These results represent the first examples of CN bond formation from arenediazonium species.
A slot demand‐based path reservation approach for the timely and reliable delivery of bursty traffic in WMSNs
Authors: Vinh Phan Van , Oh Hoon 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIn case that we build a context‐aware computing‐based Safety Monitoring and Control System (SMOCS) that monitors the safety of the workers, many sensor devices with different data rates are distributed in the target field. Based on these context data, the SMOCS judges the safety of the working environment primarily. If it perceives a dangerous sign, it requests additional bursty data such as still image or video streaming from a particular sensor device in order to confirm the situation. Because these bursty data have to be delivered to the server reliably with time constraints, it is challengeable to process those data with limited energy and bandwidth. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach to deliver bursty data reliably by reserving time slots to transmit the required packets on all the paths from the selected multimedia nodes to the server. The nodes that are not on the selected paths are put into sleep mode to conserve energy during the transmission of bursty data. We evaluate the proposed approach by conducting experiments using the indoor test bed that consists of 30 sensor communication devices. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can satisfy the requirements of multimedia applications well. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social determinants of health in selected slum areas in Jordan: challenges and policy directions
Authors: Ajlouni Musa T. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe unplanned urbanization in Jordan has over time created many informal settlements “slums” around big cities as Amman, Zerka and Aqaba.The purpose of this study was to highlight the most common challenges related to social determinants of health in two selected slum areas in Amman and Aqaba and suggest policy directions and interventions to meet these challenges.MethodsIn addition to a prestructured interview with all household heads living in the two slum sites, focus group meetings with a purposefully selected sample of 12 slum dwellers in each site were used to assess the structural and intermediary determinants of health as perceived by slum residents in the two study locations.ResultsThe study found that slum residents in the two locations suffer from many challenges as severe poverty; unemployment; illiteracy and low education attainments; gender discrimination; insufficient and poor diet; social and official exclusion; unhealthy environment; lack of water supply, electricity and basic sanitation facilities; high prevalence of diseases; and insufficient and inappropriate health services. Specific policy directions to meet these challenges were recommended and grouped into three main clusters: social protection, social inclusion and empowerment.ConclusionNew plans and tools should be developed by local authorities in Jordan to understand, protect, include and empower those vulnerable people who are forced to live in these unhealthy and inhuman environments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Fragility of Two Monetary Regimes: The European Monetary System and the Eurozone
Authors: De Grauwe Paul , Ji Yuemei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe analyse the similarities and the differences in the fragility of the European Monetary System (EMS) and the Eurozone. We test the hypothesis that in the EMS, the fragility arose from the absence of a credible lender of last resort in the foreign exchange markets; whereas in the Eurozone, it was the absence of a lender of last resort in the long‐term government bond markets that caused the fragility. We conclude that in the EMS, the national central banks were weak and fragile, and the national governments were insulated from this weakness by the fact that they kept their own national currencies. In the Eurozone, the roles were reversed. The national central banks that became part of the Eurosystem were strengthened. This came at a huge price, that is, the fragilization of the national governments that could be brought down by the whims of fear and frenzy in financial markets. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 21st-Century Landscape of Adult Fractures: Cohort Study of a Complete Adult Regional Population
Authors: Rosengren Björn E , Karlsson Magnus , Petersson Ingemar , Englund Martin 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Recent reports on adult fracture epidemiology have focused mainly on the hip in the elderly, in whom increasing rates lately have changed to a decline. New reports of the preponderance of nonhip fractures in health expenditure call for a wider scope. We therefore examined current overall and site-specific fracture epidemiology in adults. We ascertained all fractures diagnosed in inpatient and outpatient care in all men and women aged 20 years or older in Skåne County, Sweden, from 1999 to 2010 (10 million person-years). For each fracture type, we estimated age-specific and sex-specific rates and evaluated potential time trends. We found 205,908 fractures yielding an overall fracture rate of 192 per 10,000 person-years. The age-standardized overall fracture rate increased by 1.2 per 10,000 and year (95% confidence interval, 0.8 to 1.5), but time trends were different for different fracture types, age strata, and for men and women. For example, in both women and men aged ≥50 years the rates of proximal humerus fracture increased (0.6 and 0.2 per 10,000 and year, respectively) while hip fracture rates declined (−1.0 and −0.3 per 10,000/year, respectively). Overall age-specific number of fractures increased with age in women but was stable in men. The increasing overall fracture rate is a major concern in the context of a growing and aging population. Effective and affordable preventive strategies and treatments should be an urgent priority to meet the challenges, especially in older women in whom most fractures occur. Comprehensive current detailed data, as provided in this study, may serve as reference for projections and for cost calculations of fracture care in other settings before results of similar examinations are available there. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Comparison of LUMIPULSE® G1200 With Kryptor and Modular E170 for the Measurement of Seven Tumor Markers
Authors: Marlet Julien , Bernard Maguy 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundTumor marker measurements are becoming essential for prognosis and follow‐up of patients in oncology. In this context, we aimed to compare a new analyzer, Lumipulse® G1200 (Fujirebio group, distributed in Europe by the Innogenetics group) with Kryptor® (Thermo Fisher Scientific B.R.A.H.M.S, Asnières, France) and Modular® Elecsys E170 (Roche Diagnostics, Meylan, France) for the measurement of seven tumor markers: PSA, AFP, CEA, CA 15‐3, CA 125, CA 19‐9, and Cyfra 21‐1.MethodsA total of 471 serum samples from patients with elevated tumor markers and 100 serum from healthy patients were analyzed with Lumipulse® G1200 and either Kryptor® (for AFP) or Modular® (for the six other markers).ResultsThe good precision of Lumipulse® G1200 assays was confirmed with CVs < 2.5% and < 5.0%, obtained, respectively, for within‐run imprecision and intermediate imprecision (except for Cyfra 21‐1: CV < 13%). For all markers, Lumipulse results were well correlated with Modular or Kryptor results (r ≥ 0.94). Concordance of results interpretation was > 95% and tumor marker kinetics were all similar.ConclusionWe confirmed the analytical performances of Lumipulse® tumor marker assays except for the CYFRA 21‐1 assay for which performances were poor in this study. We noticed a few discrepancies for the CEA assay. Besides, values obtained for CA 19‐9 were higher with Lumipulse leading to a bias (slope = 1.5). But for the four other tumor markers assays (PSA, AFP, CA 125, CA 15‐3), the results were directly transferable between Lumipulse and Kryptor or Modular, thus facilitating an eventual substitution of one system by another.
Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling of fostamatinib efficacy on ACR20 to support dose selection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Authors: Maringwa John , Kågedal Matts , Hamrén Ulrika Wählby , Martin Paul , Cox Eugène , Hamrén Bengt 
Published: October 2014

AbstractR788 (fostamatinib) is an oral prodrug that is rapidly converted into a relatively selective spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitor R406, evaluated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This analysis aimed at developing a pharmacodynamic model for efficacy using pooled ACR20 data from two phase II studies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (TASKi1 and TASKi2), describing the effect of fostamatinib as a function of fostamatinib exposure (dose, R406 plasma concentration) and other explanatory variables. The exposure–response relationship of fostamatinib was implemented into a continuous time Markov model describing the time course of transition probabilities between the three possible states of ACR20 non‐responder, responder, and dropout at each visit. The probability of transition to the ACR20 response state was linearly (at the rate constant level) related to average R406 plasma concentrations and the onset of this drug effect was fast. Further, increases of fostamatinib dose resulted in increased dropout and subsequent loss of efficacy. This analysis provided an increased understanding of the exposure–response relationship, and provided support for fostamatinib 100 mg BID an appropriate dose regimen for further clinical evaluation.
Electron backscatter diffraction applied to lithium sheets prepared by broad ion beam milling
Authors: Brodusch Nicolas , Zaghib Karim , Gauvin Raynald 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTDue to its very low hardness and atomic number, pure lithium cannot be prepared by conventional methods prior to scanning electron microscopy analysis. Here, we report on the characterization of pure lithium metallic sheets used as base electrodes in the lithium‐ion battery technology using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X‐ray microanalysis using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) after the sheet surface was polished by broad argon ion milling (IM). No grinding and polishing were necessary to achieve the sufficiently damage free necessary for surface analysis. Based on EDS results the impurities could be characterized and EBSD revealed the microsctructure and microtexture of this material with accuracy. The beam damage and oxidation/hydration resulting from the intensive use of IM and the transfer of the sample into the microscope chamber was estimated to be <50 nm. Despite the fact that the IM process generates an increase of temperature at the specimen surface, it was assumed that the milling parameters were sufficient to minimize the heating effect on the surface temperature. However, a cryo‐stage should be used if available during milling to guaranty a heating artefact free surface after the milling process. Microsc. Res. Tech., 78:30ȓ39, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Men's Experiences of Living with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Madsen Mette , Jensen Kim Vilbek , Esbensen Bente Appel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are male, although potential gender differences have not been investigated in relation to disease management. Moreover, men's perceptions of experiencing AS have not been reported in the literature.AimsThis study sought to develop an understanding of how men experience AS and the challenges related to living with AS as a chronic disease.MethodsA purposive sample of 13 men diagnosed with AS, with a median age of 44 years (range 32–58) was recruited from a rheumatology outpatient clinic. The median duration of disease was 12 years (range 0.3–28 years), and the median time from the first symptom to final diagnosis was seven years (range 2–20 years). Semi‐structured interviews were conducted using an interview guide, and the interviews were analysed using content analysis inspired by Graneheim qualitative methodology.ResultsThe analysis revealed four categories: (1) ‘Approaching a diagnosis’; (2) ‘Ill in a social context’; (3) ‘Challenged as a man’; and (4) ‘The importance of remaining physically well’. Based on these categories, the overall category of ‘An invisible companion for life’ emerged, which captures the experience of living with an invisible, life‐long disease.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that AS impacts men's perceptions of themselves as men, relationships as a partner and father, social lives, and masculine identity. Physical activity was highlighted as an important part of being a man, and not being able to exercise challenged the men's masculine identity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Air processed P3HT:PCBM photovoltaic cells: Morphology correlation to annealing, degradation, and recovery
Authors: Wu Qi , Bhattacharya Mithun , Moore Levi M. J. , Morgan Sarah E. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTSystematically varied annealing, encapsulation, and solvent vapor treatments are conducted to produce stable OPV devices with controlled film morphology and high performance when produced in air. Active layer films are analyzed by AFM, nanomechanical mapping, UV–vis spectroscopy, and XRD. Devices prepared with isopropanol solvent vapor annealing (SVA) combined with thermal annealing (TA) show the highest environmental resistance and performance. Such devices yield average PCE of 3.3%, with stability to atmospheric exposure of up to 60 min prior to encapsulation. Encapsulated devices exposed to the laboratory environment for 30 days exhibit a decrease in PCE of ∼15%. On application of a second TA step PCE is recovered to over 90% of the original value. The unprecedented air stability of the cells is attributed to the formation of an active layer with a stable, favorable morphology during the SVA process, which is associated with lower oxygen content films. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1511–1520
Evaluation of the photooxidation of galactosyl‐ and lactosylceramide by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Santinha Deolinda , Ferreira‐Fernandes Emanuel , Melo Tânia , Silva Eduarda M. P. , Maciel Elisabete , Fardilha Margarida , Domingues Pedro , Domingues M. Rosário M. 
Published: October 2014

RATIONALEGlycosphingolipids are important lipid molecules namely as constituents of the plasma membrane organized in lipid rafts, in signal transduction, and cell‐cell communication. Although many human diseases are associated with oxidative stress and lipid oxidation, a link between oxidative stress and modification of glycosphingolipids has never been addressed.METHODSIn this study, the structural changes caused by UVA‐induced photooxidation of galactosyl‐ (GalCer) and lactosylceramide (LacCer) molecular species were studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS and MS/MS), using a quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer and high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with a C5 stationary phase (C5 HPLC/MS/MS) using a linear ion trap.RESULTSESI‐MS spectra of GalCer and LacCer after photooxidation showed new ions with a mass shift of +32 Da when compared with the ions of the non‐modified glycosphingolipids. These new species were assigned as hydroperoxyl derivatives, confirmed by HPLC/MS/MS and through FOX 2 assay. In the ESI‐MS and LC/MS of lactosylceramide a new ion with lower m/z value, assigned as glucosylceramide (GlcCer) + 32 Da, was also detected and proposed to be formed due to oxidative cleavage of lactosyl moieties. ESI‐MS/MS of the oxidized species allowed us to infer the presence of isomeric hydroperoxyl derivatives, with the hydroperoxyl moiety either linked to the sphingosine backbone or in the unsaturated acyl chain. Oxidation in the sugar moieties was observed in the case of LacCer, suggesting an oxidation via radical reactive oxygen species that can induce the oxidative cleavage of the lactosyl moiety.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that glycosphingolipids are prone to oxidation and the identified mass spectrometry fingerprint of oxidized galactosyl‐ and lactosylceramide species will support their future identification in lipidomic studies of biological samples under oxidative conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Is it Going to Hurt?”: The Impact of the Diagnostic Odyssey on Children and Their Families
Authors: Carmichael Nikkola , Tsipis Judith , Windmueller Gail , Mandel Leslie , Estrella Elicia 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe pediatric diagnostic odyssey is a period of uncertainty and emotional turmoil for families, often characterized by multiple minor medical procedures (such as venipuncture) that children may find distressing. Interventions to reduce distress are rarely offered, despite evidence that this is crucial both for avoiding anticipatory anxiety before future procedures and for improving healthcare compliance in adulthood. We interviewed ten mothers of children with neuromuscular disorders, asking about their perceptions of their child's experiences with different medical procedures, the emotional impact of the diagnostic odyssey, implications of obtaining a diagnosis, and interactions with healthcare providers. We coded interviews in ATLAS.ti (version 7.0) based on a priori and emergent themes, and analyzed them based on the principles of interpretive description. We found that predicting and assessing children's reactions to procedures is challenging; parents reported non‐invasive procedures such as x‐rays were distressing for some children, and that providers did not detect subtle indicators of distress. Parents valued obtaining a diagnosis because it validated their concerns, enabled planning for the child's future healthcare needs, and allowed access to established support networks. This study suggests that healthcare providers can improve the experience of the diagnostic odyssey by validating family concerns and connecting them to support services that are available without a diagnosis.
Synthesis of Linoleic Acid Hydroperoxides as Flavor Precursors, Using Selected Substrate Sources
Authors: Aziz Marya , Ben Akacha Najla , Husson Florence , Kermasha Selim 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe objective of the research was the synthesis of linoleic acid hydroperoxides (HPOD) and their recovery, using selected sources of linoleic acid (LA) as substrate. This is part of on‐going work aimed at the development of an economically viable biotechnological process for the production of natural flavors. The investigated sources included pure (100 %) LA and commercial (67 %) LA as well as safflower oil (SO) and its hydrolyzed product. A model describing commercial LA oxidation by lipoxygenase, based on Michaelis–Menten kinetics, was developed. The conversion of pure LA and commercial LA resulted in insignificant differences in HPOD yield of 69.7 and 68.9 %, respectively. However, there was a significant difference in the HPOD yield, obtained from the SO (2.0 %) and that from the hydrolyzed SO (58.0 %) in comparison to that from pure LA (69.7 %). The ratios of the different 9‐ and 13‐HPOD isomers were insignificantly different for the sources containing free LA, with 13‐(9Z,11E)‐HPOD was the highest relative percentage. Using optimized conditions, HPOD yields were 85.9 and 74.0 % for the commercial LA and the hydrolyzed SO, respectively. Based on experimental findings, commercial (67 %) LA was selected as the most appropriate alternative to pure LA for the production of HPOD. An efficient extraction procedure for the recovery of HPOD was also developed.