bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Square‐Wave Voltammetry of Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin on Glassy‐Carbon and Paraffin‐Impregnated Graphite Electrode
Authors: Novak Ivana , Komorsky‐Lovrić Šebojka 
Published: September 2012

AbstractElectrochemical oxidation of sodium copper chlorophyllin (CHL) has been investigated at a glassy‐carbon (GC) and paraffin‐impregnated graphite electrode (PIGE) using square‐wave voltammetry (SWV). Square‐wave voltammograms of other two chlorin‐type compounds, namely chlorin e6 and chlorophyll a, have been studied as well. The measurements were performed in the pH range between 7 and 11. The square‐wave frequency was changed between 8 and 1000 Hz. The oxidation of studied chlorins is a complex, pH‐independent, reversible or quasireversible process, followed by the chemical transformation of the product. The product of the EC reaction of CHL is an electroactive ππ dimer, which strongly adsorbs on the electrode surface and undergoes further oxidation at more positive potential. The electrooxidation of the adsorbed dimer is a pH‐independent irreversible process with the formation of an electroinactive film. The voltammetric behaviour of chlorin e6 on PIGE was qualitatively similar to that of CHL. The SW voltammograms of chlorin e6 recorded on GCE and of chlorophyll a recorded on PIGE consisted of only one peak. The SW responses of studied compounds strongly depend on the stabilization of the reaction intermediate by adsorption to the electrode surface.
A Novel Three‐Electrode System Fabricated on Polymethyl Methacrylate for On‐Chip Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Wongkaew Nongnoot , Kirschbaum Stefanie E. K. , Surareungchai Werasak , Durst Richard A. , Baeumner Antje J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA new strategy of three‐electrode system fabrication in polymer‐based microfluidic systems is described here. Standard lithography, hot embossing and UV‐assisted thermal bonding were employed for fabrication and assembly of the microfluidic chip. For the electrode design the gold working (WE) and counter electrodes (CE) are placed inside a main channel through which the sample solution passes. A silver reference electrode (RE) is embedded in a small side channel containing KCl solution that is continuously pushed into the main channel. In the present work, the overall electrochemical set up and its microfabrication is described. Conditions including silver ion concentration, cyclic voltammetry (CV) settings, and the flow rate of KCl solution in the RE channel were optimized. The electrochemical performance of the three‐electrode system was evaluated by CV and also by amperometric oxidation of ferro hexacyanide ([Fe(CN)6]4−) and ruthenium bipyridyl ([Ru(bipy)3]2+) at 400 mV and 1200 mV, respectively. CV analysis using ferri/ferro hexacyanide showed a stable, quasi‐reversible redox reaction at the electrodes with 96 mV peak separation and an anodic/cathodic peak ratio of 1. Amperometric analysis of the electrochemical species resulted in linear correlation between analyte concentration and current response in the range of 0.5–15 µM for [Fe(CN)6]4−, and 0–1000 µM for [Ru(bipy)3]2+. Upon the given experimental conditions, the limit of detection was found to be 3.15 µM and 24.83 µM for [Fe(CN)6]4− and [Ru(bipy)3]2+, respectively. As a fully integrated three‐electrode system that is fabricated on polymer substrates, it has great applications in microfluidic‐based systems requiring stable electrochemical detection.
Determination of Sulfamethizole Using Voltammetry and Amperometry on Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Dejmkova Hana , Mikes Miroslav , Barek Jiri , Zima Jiri 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTwo methods for the determination of sulfamethizole on a carbon paste electrode (CPE) in pharmaceutical and urine samples were developed, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and HPLC with amperometric detection. The voltammetric method is advantageous because of the undemanding sample treatment and quick, inexpensive and reliable determination and it is applicable for the sulfamethizole determination in pharmaceutical formulations. The chromatographic method was combined with SPE extraction. It provides higher selectivity and sensitivity while keeping the simple and inexpensive arrangement and allows the determination of sulfamethizole in a biological matrix.
Direct Electrochemistry of Heme Proteins on Electrodes Modified with Didodecyldimethyl Ammonium Bromide and Carbon Black
Authors: Suprun Elena V. , Arduini Fabiana , Moscone Danila , Palleschi Giuseppe , Shumyantseva Victoria V. , Archakov Alexander I. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA novel matrix based on commercially available carbon black (CB) N220 and didodecyldimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB) was shown to be a reliable support for direct electron transfer reactions between screen printed electrode (SPE) and Fe(III)‐heme proteins. Cytochrome c (cyt c), myoglobin (Mb), horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and cytochromes P450 (CYP 51A1, CYP 3A4, CYP 2B4) generated well‐shaped cyclic voltammograms on SPE/CB/DDAB electrodes (both in solution and in immobilized state). The attractive performance characteristics of CB modified electrodes are advantageous over single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SW CNT) based ones. The achieved direct electrochemistry of heme proteins on CB/DDAB‐modified electrodes provided successful elaboration of the immunosensor for cardiac Mb. The immunosensor showed applicability for diagnostics of myocardial infarction displaying significant difference in cardiac Mb content of human blood plasma samples taken from the corresponding patients.
Small‐vessel disease in patients with Parkinson's disease: A clinicopathological study
Authors: Schwartz Raymond S. , Halliday Glenda M. , Cordato Dennis J. , Kril Jillian J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFew studies have examined the relationship between cerebrovascular disease, vascular risk factors, and Parkinson's disease (PD), although 1 study found small‐vessel disease (SVD) to be the main subtype of cerebrovascular disease. In this study we compared the extent and topography of SVD and assessed associated vascular risk factors in autopsy‐proven PD cases and community‐dwelling controls. Seventy‐seven PD and 32 control brains from the Sydney Brain Bank were assessed microscopically by a single examiner blinded to the diagnosis. SVD was assessed by grading perivascular pallor, gliosis, hyaline thickening, and enlargement of perivascular spaces in the white matter underlying the superior frontal and primary motor cortices, basal ganglia, and white matter tracts. A history of vascular risk factors (hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and cigarette smoking) was obtained. Groups were compared using stepwise multiple regression analysis. There was significantly greater frontal pallor (P = .004) and widening of perivascular spaces in the globus pallidus interna (P = .007) in controls compared with PD. Hyaline thickening and widening of perivascular spaces in the frontal white matter, hyaline thickening in the motor white matter, and widening of perivascular spaces in the caudate nucleus were more common in the control group, but did not reach significance. The prevalence of vascular risk factors and SVD pathology was significantly lower in autopsy‐proven PD compared with controls (P = .03) living in the same community. The results of this study support the need for further research in this area. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Grip and pinch strength among selected adult occupational groups
Authors: Harth Angela , Vetter W.R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA survey of 402 normal subjects (203 men, 199 women) was conducted to assist in distinguishing potential differences in norms of hand strength. Norm data had previously been collected from mixed occupational groups, but in the present study it was hypothesised that people involved in heavy manual work on a daily basis might possess greater hand strength than others. The volunteers were adults working in industry and agriculture; they were subdivided into occupational categories. Measurements of grip, key and palmar pinch using the Jamar dynamometer and B and L pinch gauge were collected, using the protocol described by Mathiowetz. Volunteers also rated their individual hand strength job requirements subjectively. Mean values were established with regard to age, sex, dominance, occupational group and subjective rating. Significant differences were found with regard to age and sex but not to dominance; there was no evidence of differences between occupational groups or between subjective rating and individual scoring, i.e. volunteers who perceived their job as requiring a high degree of strength did not achieve higher test measurements than others. A high interrater reliability was demonstrated when comparing these follow‐up measurements with the original data. It was concluded that, for clinical and rehabilitative purposes, therapists can interpret assessment of outcome most accurately by comparing patients' results with the existing norm data.
ICIDH‐PR: A potential model for occupational therapy
Authors: Martini Rose , Polatajko Helene J. , Wilcox Anne 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOccupational therapists frequently work with clients who are challenged by chronic disabilities that may often lead to handicaps. Consequently, chronicity and possible resulting handicaps are matters of concern for occupational therapists in all domains, including: practice, research and education. In 1980 the World Health Organization put forth a classification scheme to capture the long‐term consequences of disease: the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH). Its use within occupational therapy was advocated. They showed that the constructs of this classification system mirrored those of occupational therapy's occupational performance model. More recently, a proposal for the revision of the ICIDH (ICIDH‐PR) has been advanced. This proposal is consistent with the enablement and occupational competence models. Within this proposed model, occupational therapy is concerned with enabling clients to interact optimally within their chosen environments. This paper presents a brief review of a selected portion of the international literature on the ICIDH and introduces the proposed revision of the ICIDH for occupational therapy. The structure of this proposed classification is compared with the occupational therapy models. The implications that the use of the ICIDH‐PR will have for occupational therapy are also addressed.
Educating occupational therapy students about psychiatric rehabilitation: A qualitative evaluation
Authors: Cookm Joanne Valiant 
Published: September 2012

AbstractConcern about occupational therapy students' knowledge of and attitudes towards people with severe mental illness and their rehabilitation led to the development of a new course in the mental health curriculum. The course was designed to introduce the students to the philosophy, research and practices of psychiatric rehabilitation. The personal, instructional experience of using the training technology (learning and teaching modules) developed by the Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University in a 7‐week fourth year course, over a period of 3 years, is described. As well, a selection of the written perspectives of the students on their exposure to the philosophy of psychiatric rehabilitation, the requisite skills of practitioners and the learning package materials (reference workbooks and audiovisual aids) is provided to illustrate the benefits of this very brief introduction to psychiatric rehabilitation in a university classroom setting.
Community participation and community‐based rehabilitation: An Indonesian case study
Authors: Lysack Catherine L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPrimary health care (PHC) and its commitment to community participation has been integral in the development of health care systems internationally. Community‐based rehabilitation (CBR) and its grassroots approach to disability are closely allied with PHC and have adopted many of its principles, including that of participation. This paper briefly reviews the success of community participation with respect to PHC, and then examines the potential of an expanded notion of community participation within the realm of CBR. Although community participation is most often considered in the development and implementation of programmes, more recently, participation is being seen as an essential component of programme evaluation. The ideas presented here will be illustrated with examples from the author's research in Indonesia. As occupational therapy is increasing its focus on community‐based practice and research, it is incumbent upon the profession to use the important lessons learned through more than 20 years of PHC, so that the goal of improving the lives of persons with disability world wide can be achieved.
Motor skills in Australian children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Doyle Sharon , Wallen Margaret , Whitmont Stephanie 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe motor skills of 38 children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were assessed. The majority of children had gross and fine motor skills within the normal range, with age appropriate coordination. Gross motor skills were a relative strength compared with fine motor skills. Parents' ratings of children's motor skills were generally lower than performance as indicated by standardised assessment. It is proposed that attention and concentration deficits account for the perception that children with ADHD have impaired motor skills as indicated by the lower ratings of parents in this domain, and for the fact that gross motor skills were stronger than fine motor skills, i.e. that fine motor skills require greater application to task and therefore may be more susceptible to concentration difficulties. Intervention should be aimed at assisting children to develop strategies to promote attention within the various environments where they are required to participate.
Oxidative stress and myocardial injury in the diabetic heart
Authors: Ansley David M , Wang Baohua 
Published: September 2012

AbstractReactive oxygen or nitrogen species play an integral role in both myocardial injury and repair. This dichotomy is differentiated at the level of species type, amount and duration of free radical generated. Homeostatic mechanisms designed to prevent free radical generation in the first instance, scavenge, or enzymatically convert them to less toxic forms and water, playing crucial roles in the maintenance of cellular structure and function. The outcome between functional recovery and dysfunction is dependent upon the inherent ability of these homeostatic antioxidant defences to withstand acute free radical generation, in the order of seconds to minutes. Alternatively, pre‐existent antioxidant capacity (from intracellular and extracellular sources) may regulate the degree of free radical generation. This converts reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to the role of second messenger involved in cell signalling. The adaptive capacity of the cell is altered by the balance between death or survival signal converging at the level of the mitochondria, with distinct pathophysiological consequences that extends the period of injury from hours to days and weeks. Hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance enhance oxidative stress in the diabetic myocardium that cannot adapt to ischaemia–reperfusion. Altered glucose flux, mitochondrial derangements and nitric oxide synthase uncoupling in the presence of decreased antioxidant defence and impaired prosurvival cell signalling may render the diabetic myocardium more vulnerable to injury, remodelling and heart failure.
A mixed method approach to describe the out‐of‐pocket expenses incurred by families of children with cancer
Authors: Tsimicalis Argerie , Stevens Bonnie , Ungar Wendy J. , McKeever Patricia , Greenberg Mark , Agha Mohammad , Guerriere Denise , Naqvi Ahmed , Barr Ronald 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundFamilies of children with cancer are confronted with a broad range of direct costs (out‐of‐pocket expenses), but the nature of these costs is poorly understood. This study aimed to disaggregate and describe these costs.ProcedureA prospective, mixed method, cost‐of‐illness design was utilized. Starting in the fourth week following their child's diagnosis, parents recorded resources consumed, and costs incurred for 1 week per month for 3 consecutive months. Any additional costs not captured in this typical 1 week period were added for the remainder of the month. Parents also discussed their costs in an audio‐taped interview at the end of the 3 months. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analyses were performed to disaggregate and describe families' costs.ResultsIn total, 99 families reported utilizing 16 cost categories and 74 cost items. Nearly three quarters of these costs were attributed to travel (56%) and food (18%). Costly items included acquisition of a car ($CAD35,000), relocation of a family ($CAD6,000), and purchase of a wheelchair ($CAD6,800). Parents described facing significant out‐of‐pocket expenses to ensure that their children had access to cancer treatment, to cope with the clinical treatment side effects of treatment, and to maintain the family household.ConclusionFamilies of children with cancer experience a wide range of costs. Our understanding of the nature of their costs and resource use may formulate the basis for future cost assessments and provide insight into practice and policy changes aimed at lessening the economic impact of this burden. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 438–445. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eutrophication of mountain lakes in Japan due to increasing deposition of anthropogenically produced dust
Authors: Tsugeki Narumi K. , Agusa Tetsuro , Ueda Shingo , Kuwae Michinobu , Oda Hirotaka , Tanabe Shinsuke , Tani Yukinori , Toyoda Kazuhiro , Wang Wan‐lin , Urabe Jotaro 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAtmospheric dust has wide‐reaching effects, not only influencing climate conditions, but also ecosystems. The eastern region of the Asian continent is one of the largest emitters of dust in the world, and recent economic growth in the region has been accompanied by an increase in anthropogenic emissions. However, the effects of increased Asian dusts on aquatic ecosystems are not well understood. We examined fossil pigments and zooplankton remains from 210Pb‐dated sediments taken from high mountain lakes of Hourai‐Numa and Hachiman‐Numa, located in the Towada‐Hachimantai National Park of Japan Islands, to uncover historical changes in the phyto‐ and zooplankton community over the past 100 years. Simultaneously, we measured the geochemical variables of TOC, TN, TP, δ13C, δ15N, and lead isotopes (207Pb/206Pb, 208Pb/206Pb) in the sediments to identify environmental factors causing such changes. As a result, despite few anthropogenic activities in the watersheds, alpine lakes in Japan had increased algal and herbivore plankton biomasses by 3–6 fold for recent years depending on the surrounding terrestrial vegetation and landscape conditions. Biological and biogeochemical proxies recorded from the lake sediments showed that this eutrophication occurred after the 1990s when P deposition increased as a result of atmospheric loading of dust transported from the Asian continent. The continued increase of anthropogenically produced dust may therefore impart damaging impacts on mountain ecosystems even if they are protected from direct anthropogenic disturbances.
A 14,000 year vegetation history of a hypermaritime island on the outer Pacific coast of Canada based on fossil pollen, spores and conifer stomata
Authors: Lacourse Terri , Delepine J. Michelle , Hoffman Elizabeth H. , Mathewes Rolf W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPollen and conifer stomata analyses of lake sediments from Hippa Island on the north coast of British Columbia were used to reconstruct the vegetation history of this small hypermaritime island. Between 14,000 and 13,230 cal yr BP, the island supported diverse herb–shrub communities dominated by Cyperaceae, Artemisia and Salix. Pinus contorta and Picea sitchensis stomata indicate that these conifers were present among the herb–shrub communities, likely as scattered individuals. Transition to open P. contorta woodland by 13,000 cal yr BP was followed by increases in Alnus viridis, Alnus rubra and P. sitchensis. After 12,000 cal yr BP, Pinus-dominated communities were replaced by dense P. sitchensis and Tsuga heterophylla forest with Lysichiton americanus and fern understory. Thuja plicata stomata indicate that this species was present by 8700 cal yr BP, but the pollen record suggests that its populations did not expand to dominate regional rainforests, along with Tsuga and Picea, until after 6600 cal yr BP. Conifer stomata indicate that species may be locally present for hundreds to thousands of years before pollen exceed thresholds routinely used to infer local species arrival. When combined, pollen and conifer stomata can provide a more accurate record of paleovegetation than either when used alone.
integIRTy: a method to identify genes altered in cancer by accounting for multiple mechanisms of regulation using item response theory
Authors: Tong Pan , Coombes Kevin R. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Identifying genes altered in cancer plays a crucial role in both understanding the mechanism of carcinogenesis and developing novel therapeutics. It is known that there are various mechanisms of regulation that can lead to gene dysfunction, including copy number change, methylation, abnormal expression, mutation and so on. Nowadays, all these types of alterations can be simultaneously interrogated by different types of assays. Although many methods have been proposed to identify altered genes from a single assay, there is no method that can deal with multiple assays accounting for different alteration types systematically.
Results: In this article, we propose a novel method, integration using item response theory (integIRTy), to identify altered genes by using item response theory that allows integrated analysis of multiple high-throughput assays. When applied to a single assay, the proposed method is more robust and reliable than conventional methods such as Student’s t-test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. When used to integrate multiple assays, integIRTy can identify novel-altered genes that cannot be found by looking at individual assay separately. We applied integIRTy to three public cancer datasets (ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer, glioblastoma) for cross-assay type integration which all show encouraging results.
Availability and implementation: The R package integIRTy is available at the web site http://bioinformatics.mdanderson.org/main/OOMPA:Overview.
Contact: kcoombes@mdanderson.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A new shrinkage estimator for dispersion improves differential expression detection in RNA-seq data
Authors: Wu Hao , Wang Chi , Wu Zhijin 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Recent developments in RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology have led to a rapid increase in gene expression data in the form of counts. RNA-seq can be used for a variety of applications, however, identifying differential expression (DE) remains a key task in functional genomics. There have been a number of statistical methods for DE detection for RNA-seq data. One common feature of several leading methods is the use of the negative binomial (Gamma–Poisson mixture) model. That is, the unobserved gene expression is modeled by a gamma random variable and, given the expression, the sequencing read counts are modeled as Poisson. The distinct feature in various methods is how the variance, or dispersion, in the Gamma distribution is modeled and estimated. We evaluate several large public RNA-seq datasets and find that the estimated dispersion in existing methods does not adequately capture the heterogeneity of biological variance among samples. We present a new empirical Bayes shrinkage estimate of the dispersion parameters and demonstrate improved DE detection.