bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
¿Quiénes son los sentenciados por homicidio intencional en México?
Authors: Vilata Carlos 
Published: July 2015

Se presenta un perfil preliminar del homicida intencional en México. De esta forma se dan los primeros pasos empíricos en la construcción de un conocimiento sistemático y comparativo del delincuente violento. Se comparó al total de condenados por homicidio intencional frente al total de condenados por otros delitos federales intencionales entre 1997 y 2010. Se encontró que el total de sentenciados por este delito en el fuero federal es muy reducido, su número varía mucho entre años y cada vez es proporcionalmente menor frente a los sentenciados por otros delitos intencionales. También se encontró que cerca de un tercio cometió su delito fuera del país, principalmente en los Estados Unidos. Finalmente, se encontraron proporciones significativamente mayores de sentenciados casados, con grados universitarios y ocupados como profesionistas entre los homicidas intencionales. AbstractWe present a preliminary profile of the murderer in Mexico. This is the first step in constructing an empirical knowledge and systematic base for the comparative study of violent offenders in the Latin American region. The total number of federal convicts for murder was compared with the total number of convicts for other intentional crimes between 1997 and 2010. The study found that the total number of federal convicts for murder is comparatively small, highly varying and becoming less over time. About one third committed their crime overseas, mostly in the United States. Also, significantly higher proportions of married, college degrees, and professionals were found among convicts for murder.
Airborne and ground‐based transient electromagnetic mapping of groundwater salinity in the Machile–Zambezi Basin, southwestern Zambia
Authors: Chongo Mkhuzo , Vest Christiansen Anders , Tembo Alice , Banda Kawawa E. , Nyambe Imasiku A. , Larsen Flemming , Bauer‐Gottwein Peter 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe geological and morphological evolution of the Kalahari Basin of Southern Africa has given rise to a complex hydrogeological regime that is affected by water quality issues. Among these concerns is the occurrence of saline groundwater. Airborne and ground‐based electromagnetic surveying is an efficient tool for mapping groundwater quality variations and has been used extensively to explore the Kalahari sediments, e.g., in Botswana and Namibia. Recently, airborne and ground‐based mapping of groundwater salinity was conducted in the Machile–Zambezi Basin, southwestern Zambia, using the versatile time‐domain electromagnetic system and WalkTEM system, respectively, incorporating earlier ground‐based ProTEM 47D measurements. The data were inverted using the laterally constrained inversion technique followed by a separate spatially constrained inversion scheme. WalkTEM data were inverted as ordinary single‐site one‐dimensional inversions. The regional electrical resistivity signature of the Machile–Zambezi Basin was found to be characterized by high elevation (1000 m–1050 m above mean sea level), high electrical resistivity (above 100 Ωm) areas that form the western and eastern boundaries of a low‐resistivity (below 13 Ωm) valley that extends southwestwards into the Makgadikgadi salt pans. The electrical resistivity distribution is indicative of a full graben related to the Okavango–Linyati Fault system as a result of propagation of the East African Rift Valley System into Southern Africa. The saline lacustrine sediments infilling the Machile Graben are responsible for the low formation resistivity (below 13 Ωm) and high salinity (above 7000 μS/cm) observed in the groundwater and are probably related to the complex evolutionary history of Palaeo‐Lake Makgadikgadi.
»Kot pravi Boetij …«: Zarlinovi Temelji harmonikein Boetijevi Temelji glasbe
Authors: Sukljan Nejc 
Published: July 2015

Prispevek obravnava povezave med dvema izmed pomembnejših glasbenoteoretskih traktatov, Temelji harmonike Gioseffa Zarlina in Temelji glasbe Anicija Manlija Severina Boetija. Odgovoriti skuša na vprašanje, v kolikšni meri se Zarlino navezuje na Boetija in prevzema njegove misli ter v kolikšni meri se od njega odmika.
What Are the Great Discoveries of Your Field? Informal Comments on the Contributions of Ethnomusicology
Authors: Nettl Bruno 
Published: July 2015

This is an attempt to sketch some of the principal discoveries or contributions of the field of ethnomusicology since 1885. These include consideration of the world of music as comprised of musics, the origin of music, universals, the study of music in culture, the relationship of composition and improvisation, the issue of authenticity, and the practical contributions of ethnomusicology to education and social life.
Komponist und Dirigent: Verdi und Mariani
Authors: Walter Michael 
Published: July 2015

It is very likely that Verdi rehearsed the vocal parts of his first opera Oberto (1839) as maestro concertatore. However, he had no influence on the first performance, since the performances were led by the first violinist or direttore d’orchestra. In the 1840s began, especially with Pietro Romani and Angelo Mariani, the emergence of the modern conductor, who combined the maestro concertatore and direttore d’orchestrain one single person. In Verdi’s opinion such a conductor was the best way to realize his scores. But to Verdi’s dismay it quickly turned out that the conductors of this new type, as Mariani and Toscanini, understood their conducting not only as realizing the will of the composer, but as a creative act in its own right which need not necessarily reflect the intentions of the composer.
Determination of Spatial Configuration of an Underwater Swarm with Minimum Data
Authors: dell'Erba Ramiro 
Published: July 2015

This paper is the extension of work presented at the IARP Conference “Bio inspired robotics” held in Frascati (Italy), 14 May 2014. The subject is the localization problem of an underwater swarm of autonomous underwater robots (AUV), in the frame of the HARNESS project; by localization, we mean the relative swarm configuration, i.e., the geometrical shape of the group. The result is achieved by using the signals that the robots exchange. The swarm is organized by rules and conceived to perform tasks, ranging from environmental monitoring to terrorism-attack surveillance. Two methods of determining the shape of the swarm, both based on trilateration calculation, are proposed. The first method focuses on the robot's speed. In this case, we use our knowledge of the speeds and distances between the machines, while the second method considers only distances and the orientation angles of the robots. Unlike a trilateration problem, we do not know the position of the beacons and this renders the problem a difficult one. Moreover, we have very few data. More than one step of motion is needed to resolve the multiple solutions found, owing to the symmetries of the system and optimization process of one or more objective functions leading to the final configuration. We subsequently checked our algorithm using a simulator taking into account random errors affecting the measurements.
La réponse naturelle : une solution inadéquate au dilemme darwinien
Authors: Aubé Beaudoin Félix 
Published: July 2015

Le dilemme darwinien, formulé par Sharon Street, somme les réalistes moraux d’expliquer pourquoi de nombreux jugements qui sont des candidats au statut de vérités morales indépendantes sont aussi ceux qui ont une grande valeur sélective. Les réalistes peuvent soit nier, soit affirmer l’existence d’un lien entre pressions évolutionnistes et vérités morales. Selon Street, la première option mène au scepticisme tandis que la seconde est indéfendable sur le plan scientifique. Peter Singer et Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek optent pour la première branche de ce dilemme. Dans cet article, la stratégie argumentative qu’ils adoptent — la réponse naturelle — sera soumise à un examen critique. Deux objections seront formulées. La première est d’ordre épistémologique : l’intuitionnisme philosophique défendu par les auteurs fait face à des difficultés majeures. La seconde, plus fondamentale, est que leur solution ne permet pas d’expliquer autrement que par un heureux hasard l’alignement entre les vérités morales et les jugements ayant une valeur sélective.
Le luxe et la vaporisation de l’art
Authors: Thériault Mélissa , Sirois-Rouleau Dominique 
Published: July 2015

Bien connu pour ses prises de positions tranchées et polémiques sur le fonctionnement des institutions culturelles et des milieux artistiques, le philosophe français Yves Michaud est aussi un observateur assidu des nouvelles tendances de consommation. L’objectif de cette étude critique est d’ouvrir une discussion critique qui s’impose sur certaines affirmations dont le caractère polémique est aussi manifeste que fertile : la notion de vaporisation de l’art, le statut « orphelin » du design et son rapprochement avec l’art et le luxe et, finalement, la question de l’authenticité. Nous discuterons chacun de ces éléments afin de répondre aux zones grises de l’analyse présentée dans l’essai de Michaud. Nous conclurons par une discussion sur la possibilité même de considérer l’art comme un luxe en montrant dans quelle mesure la conception du luxe telle que défendue par Michaud correspond en fait à un concept bien différent.
Stratospheric response to intraseasonal changes in incoming solar radiation
Authors: Garfinkel C. I. , Silverman V. , Harnik N. , Haspel C. , Riz Y. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSuperposed epoch analysis of meteorological reanalysis data is used to demonstrate a significant connection between intraseasonal solar variability and temperatures in the stratosphere. Decreasing solar flux leads to a cooling of the tropical upper stratosphere above 7 hPa, while increasing solar flux leads to a warming of the tropical upper stratosphere above 7 hPa, after a lag of approximately 6–10 days. Late winter (February–March) Arctic stratospheric temperatures also change in response to changing incoming solar flux in a manner consistent with that seen on the 11 year timescale: 10–30 days after the start of decreasing solar flux, the polar cap warms during the easterly phase of the quasi‐biennial oscillation. In contrast, cooling is present after decreasing solar flux during the westerly phase of the quasi‐biennial oscillation (though it is less robust than the warming during the easterly phase). The estimated composite mean changes in Northern Hemisphere upper stratospheric (∼ 5 hPa) polar temperatures exceed 8 K and are potentially a source of intraseasonal predictability for the surface. These changes in polar temperature are consistent with the changes in wave driving entering the stratosphere.
Job Accommodations Availability and Utilization Among People With Lupus: An Examination of Workplace Activity Limitations and Work Context Factors
Authors: Al Dhanhani Ali M. , Gignac Monique A. M. , Beaton Dorcas E. , Su Jiandong , Fortin Paul R. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the availability of diverse job accommodations (or flexible working arrangements) and to describe their use among people with systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), as well as to examine factors associated with the use of job accommodations.MethodsA mail survey was sent to adult lupus patients receiving care from a lupus clinic based in Toronto, Canada. The survey assessed demographic information, self‐reported disease activity, work history, workplace activity limitations, job strain, and the availability and use of job accommodations. Standard multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with the use of job accommodations.ResultsWe received 362 responses of 604 mailed surveys (60% response rate). Participants who were employed within the last 5 years, but who were not currently working, were less likely than currently employed participants to report having had job accommodations available to them at their last place of employment. The use of job accommodations was reported by 70% of currently employed respondents and by 72% of those not currently employed. The most common job accommodation used was sick leave days. Factors positively associated with the use of job accommodations among those who were employed included higher levels of education, being diagnosed with fibromyalgia, at least 1 episode of short‐term work disability, not belonging to a union, greater workplace activity limitations, and greater job strain.ConclusionThe use of job accommodations among people with lupus is common. Work context factors, such as workplace activity limitations and job strain, are the main factors associated with the use of job accommodations.
Demand Side Change, Rurality, and Gender in the United States Veterinarian Market, 1990–2010
Authors: Wang Tong , Hennessy David A. , Park Seong C. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTLittle is known about how animal input sectors have been impacted by far‐reaching changes in global animal agriculture over recent decades. This paper explores the forces determining U.S. veterinarian practice location and how location choices have evolved over the past two decades. We provide a theoretical model of veterinarian market supply and demand with particular emphasis on rurality, gender, and demand side change. We also estimate bivariate Tobit models of location choice for 1990, 2000, and 2010. Results suggest that female veterinarians are less responsive to the presence of food animals than their male counterparts. For both genders, veterinarians are more responsive to animals of higher value. Using animal caretakers as a proxy for companion animals, we find that female veterinarians have become more responsive to this indicator over the 20 years. All else equal, female and male veterinarians tend not to locate in rural areas. Aversion to rural areas has remained fixed over time among males but has strengthened among females. [EconLit citations: J16, J43, Q13].
Thermodynamic analysis of sol–gel transition of gelatin in terms of water activity in various solutions
Authors: Miyawaki Osato , Omote Chiaki , Matsuhira Keiko 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTSol–gel transition of gelatin was analyzed as a multisite stoichiometric reaction of a gelatin molecule with water and solute molecules. The equilibrium sol–gel transition temperature, Tt, was estimated from the average of gelation and melting temperature measured by differential scanning calorimetry. From Tt and the melting enthalpy, ΔHsol, the equilibrium sol‐to‐gel ratio was estimated by the van't Hoff equation. The reciprocal form of the Wyman–Tanford equation, which describes the sol‐to‐gel ratio as a function of water activity, was successfully applied to obtain a good linear relationship. From this analysis, the role of water activity on the sol–gel transition of gelatin was clearly explained and the contributions of hydration and solute binding to gelatin molecules were separately discussed in sol–gel transition. The general solution for the free energy for gel‐stabilization in various solutions was obtained as a simple function of solute concentration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 685–691, 2015.
Microwave‐Assisted Methyl Ester Production from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate over a Heterogeneous Carbon‐Based Solid Acid Catalyst
Authors: Lokman Ibrahim M. , Rashid Umer , Taufiq‐Yap Yun Hin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn efficient microwave‐pulse width modulation (microwave‐PWM) batch reactor with controlled temperature and power was fabricated for biodiesel production. Microwave‐assisted acceleration of the esterification rate of palm fatty acid distillate using a sulfonated‐glucose solid acid catalyst (glucose‐SO3H) is described. Glucose‐SO3H was prepared by simple sulfonation of incomplete carbonized glucose. Parametric studies were performed in order to determine the optimum operating conditions of the reaction process. The radio frequency microwave energy could enhance the reaction rate by eight times compared to the conventional heating techniques under mild conditions. The results reveal the potential of microwave irradiation, which offers a faster esterification rate, improves the yield of fatty acid methyl esters, and reduces the production cost.
MicroRNAs in Bone Balance and Osteoporosis
Authors: Chen Junying , Qiu Min , Dou Ce , Cao Zhen , Dong Shiwu 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTPreclinical ResearchBone is a rigid and dynamic organ that undergoes continuous turnover. Bone homeostasis is maintained by osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption and osteoblast‐mediated bone formation. The interruption of this balance can cause various diseases, including osteoporosis a public health issue due to the rate of hip fracture, the most serious outcome of osteoporosis. The bone loss in osteoporosis results from an increase in bone resorption versus bone formation. Thus, regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activity is a main focus in the treatment of osteoporosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of single stranded noncoding RNAs consisting of 18–22 nucleotides that have an important role in cell differentiation, cell fate, apoptosis, and pathogenesis in various disease states. The potential therapeutic and biomarker function of miRNAs in treating bone disorders is receiving more attention. The current review summarizes the role of miRNAs in bone function at a cellular level in the context of their therapeutic potential. Drug Dev Res 76 : 235‐245, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seasonal variation of river and tide energy in the Yangtze estuary, China
Authors: Zhang Min , Townend Ian , Zhou Yunxuan , Cai Huayang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn many large estuaries there are significant variations in flow conditions due to the interaction between tide (with spring–neap changes) and river discharge (with wet–dry seasons), which is key to understanding the evolution of the morphology and the resultant equilibrium state. To explore whether there exists an equilibrium state, and what might control such a state in such a dynamic environment, both numerical and analytical methods have been used to investigate the relative importance of tide and river contributions to the work done locally and globally over a wide range of discharge conditions in the Yangtze estuary. In particular, we have quantified the contributions from the tidal flow, the river flow and the tide–river interaction in terms of energy and its dissipation under different river discharge conditions. Model results suggest that there is a state of minimum tidal work for the case representing the wet season, when river and tide are doing uniform work locally and minimum work globally, within the bi‐directional tidal reach for tide and along the whole estuary for river. We also observe that the system is not optimized for other conditions (peak discharge and low flows during the dry season), but the system would tend to do the minimum work possible given the constraints on the system (e.g. imposed forcing conditions and available sediment supply). Results, therefore, are consistent with the use of these two energetic optimization principles, and the proposed method could be applicable to other alluvial estuaries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive state following mild stroke: A matter of hippocampal mean diffusivity
Authors: Kliper Efrat , Ben Assayag Einor , Korczyn Amos D. , Auriel Eitan , Shopin Ludmila , Hallevi Hen , Shenhar‐Tsarfaty Shani , Mike Anat , Artzi Moran , Klovatch Ilana , Bornstein Natan M. , Ben Bashat Dafna 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe hippocampus is known to play a vital role in learning and memory and was demonstrated as an early imaging marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its role as a predictor for mild cognitive impairment and dementia following stroke is unclear. The main purpose of this study was to examine the associations between hippocampal volume, mean diffusivity (MD) and connectivity and cognitive state following stroke. Eighty three consecutive first ever mild to moderate stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) survivors from our ongoing prospective TABASCO (Tel Aviv Brain Acute Stroke Cohort) study underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans within 7 days of stroke onset. Hippocampal volume was measured from T1 weighted images, hippocampal mean diffusivity was calculated from diffusion tensor imaging and connectivity was calculated from resting state fMRI. Global cognitive assessments were evaluated during hospitalization and 6 and 12 months later using a computerized neuropsychological battery. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test which of the hippocampi measurements best predict cognitive state. All three imaging parameters were significantly correlated to each other (|r's| >0.3, P's < 0.005), and with cognitive state 6 and 12 months after the event. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated the predictive role of hippocampal mean diffusivity (β = −0.382, P = 0.026) on cognitive state, above and beyond that of volume and connectivity of this structure. To our knowledge, the combination of hippocampal volume, mean diffusivity and connectivity in first ever post stroke or TIA patients has not yet been considered in relation to cognitive state. The results demonstrate the predictive role of hippocampal mean diffusivity, suggesting that these changes may precede and contribute to volumetric and connectivity changes in the hippocampi, potentially serving as a marker for early identification of patients at risk of developing cognitive impairment or dementia. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ion from Aqueous Solution by Using Cellulose Based Hydrogel Composite
Authors: Astrini Nuri , Anah Lik , Haryadi Hari Rom 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBatch experiments of adsorption of heavy metals cations from aqueous solution by using carboxymethyl cellulose‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid)/monmorilonite (CMC‐g‐PAA/MT) hydrogel composite were carried out. The parameter such as different pH and the presence of other ions as competitor were studied to observe their effects on the adsorption capacity of the hydrogel composite. The results showed that the adsorption of metal ions by the hydrogels was higly pH dependent, and maximum adsorption was obtained at pH 5.0. At this pH, the adsorption capacities of hydrogels for the Pb2+ and Zn2+ ions were 146.19 mg/g and 286.67 mg/g, respectively. The hydrogels can be regenerated after releasing metal ions by washing with low pH solution and reused two times. Based on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra before and after adsorption by the hydrogels revealed that the complex formation between heavy metal ions and carboxyl groups of the hydrogels was the main adsorption mechanism.
Synthesis of LiFePO4 in the Presence of Organic Reductant by Hydrothermal Method and its Characterization
Authors: Gunawan Indra , Wagiyo H. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryLithium iron phosphate, LiFePO4, was prepared in the presence of sucrose or citric acid as organic reductant by the hydrothermal treatment at 150 °C for 5 h and its characterization was done by thermo gravimetry/ differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The overall analysis indicate that the reductant plays an important role in controlling the size and the growth direction of the LiFePO4 crystals under hydrothermal conditions. Larger crystals up to mm in size could be formed by using citric acid as the reductant. Purity of the LiFePO4 prepared in the presence of citric acid was higher than that of sucrose. As a summary, citric acid was found to be an effective agent as reductant and carbon source.