bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgimiento y evolución de los sistemas de normalización para laboratorios clínicos
Authors: Khattar Rita B. , Nehme Maha E. 
Published: July 2024

Resumen

Introducción
La historia y evolución de la normalización de las actividades de laboratorio clínico va acompasada con el desarrollo de normas de calidad internacionales.

Contenido
En el presente estudio, presentamos los hitos que marcan las diferentes etapas en la evolución de los sistemas de calidad, a lo largo de las últimas décadas. La acreditación del cumplimiento de las normas nacionales e internacionales de calidad es obligatoria en la mayoría de los países. La aplicación de normas de calidad garantiza el reconocimiento internacional de la validez de los resultados informados a multitud de actores, especialmente a pacientes y médicos.

Resumen
La nueva norma ISO 15189 es la norma internacional más específica dirigida a todo tipo de laboratorios clínicos.

Perspectiva
Sería necesario investigar más a fondo si las prácticas de laboratorio reflejan la evolución real de los estándares dentro del campo del laboratorio médico.
FAST-EM array tomography: a workflow for multibeam volume electron microscopy
Authors: Kievits Arent J. , Duinkerken B. H. Peter , Lane Ryan , de Heus Cecilia , van Beijeren Bergen en Henegouwen Daan , Höppener Tibbe , Wolters Anouk H. G. , Liv Nalan , Giepmans Ben N. G. , Hoogenboom Jacob P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Elucidating the 3D nanoscale structure of tissues and cells is essential for understanding the complexity of biological processes. Electron microscopy (EM) offers the resolution needed for reliable interpretation, but the limited throughput of electron microscopes has hindered its ability to effectively image large volumes. We report a workflow for volume EM with FAST-EM, a novel multibeam scanning transmission electron microscope that speeds up acquisition by scanning the sample in parallel with 64 electron beams. FAST-EM makes use of optical detection to separate the signals of the individual beams. The acquisition and 3D reconstruction of ultrastructural data from multiple biological samples is demonstrated. The results show that the workflow is capable of producing large reconstructed volumes with high resolution and contrast to address biological research questions within feasible acquisition time frames.
Terms of Latin origin relating to sample characterization (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Peterson Vanessa K. , Bianchini Matteo , Chapman Karena W. , Elice Martina , Hibbert David Brynn , Roche Paul , Silvano Luigi , Stievano Lorenzo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The use of Latin origin terms, relevant for sample characterization modalities, is described with a focus on samples under controlled conditions, samples within devices, and samples during physico-chemical evolution. The terms in vitro, in vivo, in situ, ab initio, in silico, post mortem, ex situ, posthumous, in vacuo, (in) operando, post facto, and ex post facto, as used in the scientific literature, are considered. Uses of the Latin origin terms in situ, extra situm, in operando, in vivo, in vacuo, in vitro, extra vivum, post facto and ex post facto, ab initiis, computatro, and post mortem are discussed. It is suggested that these terms are to be used without hyphenation and that all Latin derived terms are set in italic font.
Optimization of Weak Ultrasonic Defect Signal Detection of Carbon Fiber Composites Based on Double-Sided Pulse Reflection Scanning
Authors: Ma Mengyuan , Jiang Mingshun , Zhang Lei , Sui Qingmei , Jia Lei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a signal correlation–based two-sided detection method to detect delamination defects in widely used carbon fiber reinforced plastics with high accuracy and a convenient process. This method can improve the accuracy of ultrasonic testing and distinguish non-defective signals from defective signals, especially those with small amplitude, and to present the depth and size of defects by images. We combined the echo signals from both sides of ultrasonic detection at the same location to extract the weak defect signals and achieved the detection of materials with high ultrasonic attenuation. First, empirical mode decomposition filtering is performed on the ultrasonic raw signal. Then, the defect echoes are identified by smart thresholding and combined with the results of ultrasonic detection on both sides. Next, the defect depth and size are calculated, and the defect image is drawn. Finally, the ultrasonic phased array C-scan obtained by the ultrasonic phased array equipment was compared with the detection results of carbon fiber laminates with artificial delamination by the algorithm of the present invention, showing that the proposed algorithm defect depth calculation error is less than 4 %, the defect size calculation error is less than 0.5 mm, and it performs well in defect shape presentation and position calculation.
Microstructure Analysis, Piezoelectrical Resistivity, and Compressive Strength Concrete Incorporated with Waste Steel Slag as a Fine Aggregate Replacement
Authors: Piro Nzar Shakr , Mohammed Ahmed Salih , Hamad Samir M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of waste steel slag (SS) as partially replaced with cement and fine aggregate on conventional concrete for different mixes named M25, M35, and M47 in terms of compressive strength (CS), electrical resistivity (ER), and piezoresistivity behavior. SS is a molten mixture of silicates and oxides that solidifies upon cooling, a byproduct of the steel-making process. Before doing the design experiments, the optimum value of SS as powder and fine aggregate was determined using seven different mixes to investigate the effect of different SS sizes on the CS and piezoresistivity of normal concrete. Based on the results achieved, the optimum value and size of SS were selected to modify and investigate the effect of SS on three different mixes of conventional concrete named M25, M35, and M47 in terms of CS, ER, and piezoresistivity behavior. The resistivity of all concrete mixes was measured using four-probe from early curing to 28 days of curing time. The results demonstrated that M47 mix modified with SS has lower resistivity than the rest of the concrete mixes. The results of piezoresistivity behavior indicated that M47 mix modified with SS has a higher resistivity change while applying stress at 3 days of curing compared to the M25 and M35 concrete mix modified with SS by 44.1 % and 37.6 %, respectively. The Vipulandanan p-q model was applied to predict both ER versus time and change of resistivity versus stress for all mixes. The results demonstrated that the model predicted the change of resistivity versus applied stress with a high coefficient of determination that varied between 0.82 and 0.989, and a low root mean square error changed between 0.81 Ω.m and 7.94 Ω.m.
Mechanical Properties of Cotton and High-Performance Fiber Blended Denim Fabrics for Motorcycle Protective Clothing
Authors: Natarajan Gayathri , Palani Rajan T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This research paper article thoroughly investigates the tensile, tear, and abrasion properties of high-performance cotton denim fabrics incorporating para-aramid and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers. It compares these high-performance blended denim fabrics with traditional 100 % cotton fabric material. The findings indicate that fabrics containing UHMWPE and para-aramid fibers demonstrate notably greater strength and durability compared with pure cotton fabrics. Factors such as yarn thickness, twist, fabric weight, cover factor, and the blend proportion of high-performance fibers contribute to enhanced tensile strength and abrasion resistance. Among the tested samples, the blend with 30 % cotton and 70 % UHMWPE fibers, weighing 430 g/m2 (S9), exhibits the most superior performance in terms of tensile strength. These fabrics also exhibit remarkable tear resistance, even under extreme conditions. Sample S9 excels in abrasion resistance, qualifying it for Zone 3 Level 1 protection. The study underscores the potential of these fabrics to offer outstanding protection against abrasion in diverse applications. Additionally, it has been observed that fabrics generally display higher tensile strength and abrasion resistance along the warp direction, owing to a higher yarn density. The analysis of variance and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) tests confirm the significant influence of fiber composition on fabric properties based on the statistical analyses that have been conducted.
Experimental Investigation of Crack Tip Constraint Effects on Fracture Assessment of API 5L X65 Steel Grade for Low-Temperature Applications (−120°C)
Authors: Sukpe Paul , Vignjevic Rade , Hughes Kevin , Kulka Rob 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Crack tip constraint is a significant issue in engineering components’ design and repair decisions. The main reason is that fracture assessment procedures, such as BS 7910, rely on lower-bound fracture toughness test data from deeply cracked bend specimens. This can generate stress states under various loading conditions with an appropriate crack tip stress triaxiality for metallic structures. Many real components (e.g., oil and gas pipelines) have small in-plane (shallow cracks) and out-of-plane (thin-wall thickness) dimensions that can cause a reduction in crack tip constraint to a considerable amount, thereby increasing the fracture toughness. As such, the structural assessment of low-constraint structural components using fracture toughness data obtained from deeply notched specimens may be safe but overly conservative, resulting in unnecessary repair shutdowns and costs. Consequently, relating fracture toughness values determined from laboratory specimens to real structural components becomes an issue in structural integrity assessments based on the two-parameter fracture mechanics methodology. This study investigates the applicability of the constraint-based failure assessment diagram (FAD) approach for the evaluation of cracked pin-loaded single-edge notched tension and three-point single-edge notched bend specimens at low (−120°C) and room temperatures. The analyses reveal that the experimentally measured toughness values, J0, depend on the crack sizes for the considered specimen geometries (a/W = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5). The results show the benefits of using constraint-modified FAD approach for the assessment of shallow cracks. Therefore, the enhanced toughness associated with constraint reduction indicated an increased margin and allows realistic design and repair decision-making that can help prevent catastrophic failures.
Desvelando o Grande Irmão. Fake News e Democracia: novos desafios do direito constitucional contemporâneo
Authors: Graça Guilherme Mello 
Published: July 2024

Resumo: O artigo tem por finalidade a conceituação das fake news e seu relacionamento com o atual debate democrático, procurando trazer parâmetros mínimos de caracterização, utilizando as metáforas empregadas na obra literária “1984”, de George Orwell. Ao mesmo tempo, existe a preocupação em determinar o escopo da liberdade de expressão e o direito de informação, determinados pela Constituição Federal, e como a regulamentação excessiva e superficial das fake news pode trazer efeitos adversos, como a censura e o denominado chilling effect.Palavras-chave: Fake News. Democracia. Liberdade de Expressão. Regulamentação. Abstract: The article aims at the conceptualization of fake news and its relation with the current democratic debate, seeking to bring minimum parameters of characterization, using the metaphors used in George Orwell's literary work “1984”. At the same time, there is a concern to determine the scope of freedom of expression and the right to information, as enacted by the Federal Constitution, and how excessive and superficial regulation of fake news may have adverse effects, such as censorship and the so-called chilling effect. Keywords: Fake news. Democracy. Freedom of Expression. Legal Regulation. Sumário: Introdução: fake news e a busca do conceito ainda não conceituado. 1. O tratamento da liberdade de expressão e do direito de informação na Constituição Federal: os limites das fake news e democracia. 2. Fake news, censura/autocensura, chilling effect e posição preferencial da liberdade de expressão – em busca de uma proposta consensual. 3. Análise do panorama de regulamentação das fake news no Parlamento brasileiro. Considerações Finais. Referências.
USING THE WHATSAPP APPLICATION IN ENGLISH LEARNING: CONCERNING STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS AND ACADEMIC FLOW
Authors: Syahputra Andi 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTTechnological improvement has changed our educational systems from face-to-face learning to virtual learning, namely online learning. WhatsApp (WA) is an application that can be a medium to support students' English learning in a more accessible, flexible, and helpful way. The objectives of this study are to know the students' perceptions and academic flow of using the WA application in English learning, to understand the differences in their perceptions and academic flow based on their gender, age, and semester, and to know the correlation between both their perception and academic flow. The data was collected by quantitative research in survey research design. 172 State Islamic College students who studied English courses were selected randomly as the sample of this study. The data were gained through the questionnaire distributed online. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Multivariate Analysis, and Correlation of SPPS. The findings revealed that the students positively perceive using WhatsApp applications in their English learning. Meanwhile, it is also an application that can directly impact their perceptions and academic flow. However, the correlation analysis found that students' perceptions do not have a significant relationship with the academic flow (r = .117, p > .05). ABSTRAKKemajuan teknologi telah mengubah sistem pendidikan kita dari pembelajaran tatap muka ke pembelajaran virtual, yaitu pembelajaran daring. WhatsApp adalah sebuah media yang dapat mendukung pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris siswa lebih mudah diakses, fleksibel, dan bermanfaat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi dan kenyamanan akademik mahasiswa dalam penggunaan aplikasi WA pada pembelajaran Bahasa inggris, untuk memahami perbedaan persepsi dan kenyamanan akademik mahasiswa berdasarkan jenis kelamin, umur, dan semester, dan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara persepsi dan kenyamanan akademik mahasiswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif, dengan desain penelitian survey .172 mahasiswa yang belajar mata kuliah Bahasa Inggris pada Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri dijadikan sampel penelitian ini secara acak. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan secara online. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif, Analisis Multivariat (MANOVA), dan korelasi yang dianalisis dengan SPPS. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki persepsi positif terhadap penggunaan aplikasi WhatsApp dalam pembelajaran bahasa Inggris mereka. Sementara itu, WA juga merupakan aplikasi yang secara langsung dapat mempengaruhi persepsi dan kenyaman akademik mereka. Namun, Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa persepsi mahasiswa tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kenyamanan akademik (r = .117, p > .05).How to Cite: Syahputra, A. (2023). Using the Whatsapp Application in English Learning: Concerning Students' Perceptions and Academic Flow. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 10(2), 261-277. doi:10.15408/ijee.v10i2.30217.
A PARAPHRASING STRATEGY INSTRUCTION MODEL TO HELP UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AVOID PLAGIARISM IN ACADEMIC WRITING
Authors: Thohir Lalu 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTA paraphrasing strategy instruction model has been developed through a research and development method. The developed model is called the 3RI (Read, Rewrite, Revise, Integrate) paraphrasing strategy instruction model. This is a part of the research and development, which is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the developed model. For evaluation, the field testing was carried out in the English study program at the University of Mataram. Seventy-five students who were taking academic writing courses were involved in this study. To evaluate the effectiveness of the developed model, the students self-assessed before and after having been treated using the 3RI paraphrasing strategy instruction model. After the treatment, the students were asked to fill in the questionnaire, which covered statements about the students' responses toward the instruction with the developed model. The results indicated a significant difference between the student's scores in the self-assessment before and after the treatment. Further, the students generally responded positively to the treatment with the developed model. The 3RI paraphrasing strategy instruction model can be one of the ways to help students avoid plagiarism and develop their creativity and critical thinking skills. ABSTRAKSebuah model instruksi strategi perparafiran telah dikembangkan melalui metode penelitian dan pengembangan. Model yang dikembangkan disebut sebagai model instruksi strategi perparafiran 3RI (Read, Rewrite, Revise, Integrate). Ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian dan pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas model yang dikembangkan. Untuk evaluasi, uji lapangan dilakukan di program studi bahasa Inggris di Universitas Mataram. Tujuh puluh lima mahasiswa yang mengikuti mata kuliah penulisan akademis terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas model yang dikembangkan, mahasiswa melakukan penilaian diri sebelum dan setelah menerima perlakuan menggunakan model instruksi strategi perparafiran 3RI. Setelah perlakuan, mahasiswa diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner yang mencakup pernyataan tentang tanggapan mahasiswa terhadap instruksi dengan model yang dikembangkan. Hasilnya menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara skor penilaian diri mahasiswa sebelum dan setelah perlakuan. Selanjutnya, mahasiswa umumnya memberikan tanggapan positif terhadap perlakuan dengan model yang dikembangkan. Model instruksi strategi perparafiran 3RI dapat menjadi salah satu cara untuk membantu mahasiswa menghindari plagiarisme dan mengembangkan kreativitas serta keterampilan berpikir kritis mereka.How to Cite: Thohir, L. (2023). A Paraphrasing Strategy Instruction Model to Help University Students Avoid Plagiarism in Academic Writing. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 10(2), 340-354. doi:10.15408/ijee.v10i2.34750.
Reducing Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Ordering: De-implementation and Diagnostic Stewardship
Authors: Fatemi Yasaman , Polsky Tracey , Burns Julianne , L’Etoile Nathan , Obstfeld Amrom , Zorc Joseph J. , Nord Ellen , Coffin Susan , Shaw Kathy 
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES
The Choosing Wisely campaign recommends against the routine use of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for the assessment of acute undiagnosed inflammation or infection. We examined ESR and C-reactive protein (CRP) ordering practices at a large, freestanding children’s hospital. We found that 80% of ESR orders were placed concurrently with a CRP order. We aimed to reduce the ESR testing rate by 20% within 6 months in both inpatient and emergency department (ED) settings.

METHODS
Applying Lean process improvement principles, we interviewed stakeholders from multiple subspecialties and engaged the institutional laboratory stewardship committee to identify the root causes of ESR ordering and design interventions. We conducted provider education (November 2020) and employed clinical decision support through an order panel in the electronic health record (April 2021). The outcome measures were monthly ESR testing rate per 1000 patient days (inpatient) and per 1000 ED visits, analyzed using statistical process control charts. CRP testing rate was a balancing measure.

RESULTS
After intervention implementation, the ESR testing rate decreased from 11.4 to 8.9 tests per 1000 inpatient patient days (22% decrease) and from 49.4 to 29.5 tests per 1000 ED visits (40% decrease). This change has been sustained for &gt;1 year postintervention. Interventions were effective even during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic when there was a rise in baseline ED ESR ordering rate. CRP testing rates did not increase after the interventions.

CONCLUSIONS
Education and clinical decision support were effective in reducing the ESR ordering rate in both inpatient and ED settings.
Risk stratification of type 2 diabetes in the Russian population depending on FINDRISC category: results of prospective follow-up
Authors: Balanova Yu. A. , Shalnova S. A. , Imaeva A. E. , Kutsenko V. A. , Kapustina A. V. , Evstifeeva S. E. , Muromtseva G. A. , Shepel R. N. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: July 2024

Aim. To study the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) and its contribution to all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in the Russian population aged ­25-64 years.Material and methods. Data from cross-sectional studies ESSE-RF and ESSE-RF2 are included. The random sample was formed using the Kish method. Response was ~80%. The modular questionnaire in­cluded socio-demographic variables, medical history, and main risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. Blood was collected from the antecubital vein on an empty stomach. Biochemical parameters were determined in the clinical diagnostic laboratory of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. The presence of T2D was determined by questionnaire and/or fasting plasma glucose level ≥7,0 mmol/L. Obesity was defined as a body mass index of ≥30,0 kg/m2; abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference of ≥102 cm in men and ≥88 cm in women. FINDRISC risk was graduated as follow: low (<7), slight (7-11), moderate (12-14), high (15-20), very high (>20). Persons with diabetes and pregnant women were excluded. The final sample included 26418 people (10268 men and 16150 women). From 14 regions, ESSE-RF and ESSE-RF2 formed a prospective follow-up cohort (n=22812), median follow-up — 7,5 years). Statistical processing was performed using the open-source statistical programming language and environ­ment R (version 4.1).Results. A fifth of people aged 25-64 years are at ≥ moderate risk of T2D. The rate of FINDRISC ≥15 was 10,1% (women 12,4% vs men 6,4%, p<0,001); ≥12 points — 23,7%. A close relationship was found between impaired fasting glucose and the risk of T2D with FINDRISC ≥15 and ≥12 (p<0,001). Survival worsens for FINDRISC ≥12 and ≥15, with the worst survival rates in individuals with T2D (p<0,001). The likelihood of cardiovascular events consistently increases with FINDRISC ≥12, ≥15, and T2D. In the Cox model, only T2D is significant for all-cause mortality; FINDRISC ≥15 and T2D are significant for the cardiovascular and combined endpoints.Conclusion. An important task of the medical community is to identify individuals at risk of T2D at the population level. Early prevention of T2D risk factors can delay or prevent both T2D and cardiovascular events.