bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinoids: Fascinating Up‐and‐Coming Scenario
Authors: Sardana Kabir , Sehgal Virendra N. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRetinoids have been in sharp focus ever since their introduction 30 years ago. They include any drug (s) that bind to retinoid receptors and elicit a biological response. Enormous information on the subject seems to embroil the recent literature. Practically it is impossible to clearly comprehend the undercurrents. The meticulously dispensing text envisages surmounting the perspective reader's predicaments. Accordingly, retinoids and their related facets namely retinoid receptors, classification, mode of action, and the pharmacological diversity have been precisely defined. Commonly used systemic retinoids too have been given a substantial fresh look along with their monitoring. Overall, adverse effects and relative and absolute contraindications have been scrupulously incorporated. Human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) and isoretinoid for acne, in particular, have been highlighted. Micronized isotretinoin formulations have also been taken care so also commonly used topical retinoids. Tretinoin and their newer formulation have also been accounted for along with tretinoin polymer cream. Adapalene, a new chemical entity possessing a unique physico‐chemical activity similar to that of tretinoin has also been dealt with. Newer retinoids are likely to be a subject of intrigue. A focus on future potentials of retinoids is its special ingredient. The inclusion of details of rexinoid the most recent introduction in their purview is likely to invoke interest to further consolidate its reckoning in future. All in all the text of the paper should provide an insight into the current rumbling around retinoids.
Phakomatosis Pigmentovascularis II A and II B: Clinical Findings in 24 Patients
Authors: la Cruz Helena Vidaurri‐de , Tamayo‐Sánchez Lourdes , Durán‐McKinster Carola , Orozco‐Covarrubias Ma. de la Luz , Ruiz‐Maldonado Ramón 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNearly 200 cases of phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) have been reported worldwide, most of them of Japanese origin. There are 5 types and 10 subtypes of PPV. Its etiology might be explained by the twin spotting phenomenon. The relative frequency of PPV at the National Institute of Pediatrics was 5.8 per 100,000 pediatric patients and 0.634 per 100,000 dermatological patients. We report 24 cases of PPV with an average follow up of 5 years and the following findings: PPV type II A in 4 male and 2 female patients with melanosis bulbi in 3 and glaucoma in 1. PPV type II B in 7 male and 11 female patients, with melanosis bulbi in 9, glaucoma in 9, iris mammillations in 2, Sturge Weber syndrome in 6 female patients, and Klippel‐Trenaunay syndrome in 2 males, hemifacial, hemicorporal, or limb hypertrophy without venous insufficiency in 6 female and 4 male patients. During the follow‐up time of 60 months, progressive fading of melanotic and vascular macules were observed in 7 patients. No other types of PPV were found. Systemic involvement in PPV was related to the body surface area affected by the vascular macules. Ectodermal and mesodermal migration disorders might be involved in the pathogenesis of PPV.
The Clinical Course of Behçet's Disease in Pregnacy: A Retrospective Analysis and Review of the Literature
Authors: Uzun Soner , Alpsoy Erkan , Durdu Murat , Akman Ayse 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough Behçet's disease is mainly diagnosed during the reproductive periods of life, we know little about the influence of pregnancy on the clinical course of Behçet's disease. Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between Behçet's disease and pregnancy retrospectively, in order to detect any possible interaction between the two multisystemic processes, particularly in regard to the influence of pregnancy on the clinical course of Behçet's disease. We studied 44 pregnancies in 28 women with Behçet's disease. The diagnoses were made according to the criteria of the International Study Group for Behçet's disease. The patients were observed during pregnancy and puerperium periods at monthly intervals. The existence and incidence of symptoms were recorded during these periods. There was remission of Behçet's disease during 23 (52.3%) pregnancies, although the disease had been in a stage of exacerbation before pregnancy. The disease became exacerbated during 12 (27.3%) pregnancies, although it had been in a stage of remission before pregnancy. There were no changes in the clinical course of Behçet's disease in 9 (20.4%) pregnancies. The most frequent manifestations of the clinical exacerbation were increases in the intensity and severity of outbreaks of oral ulcers during pregnancy. Outbreaks of genital ulcers, eye inflammations, and arthritis were other signs of exacerbation. Other than spontaneous abortion in three patients, we did not observe maternal or fetal complications. Although Behçet's disease tends toward remission during pregnancy, the influence of pregnancy on its clinical course is quite variable between patients and even during different pregnancies in the same patient. On the basis of our and previous results, we speculate that pregnancy in general does not seem to markedly affect the natural course of Behçet's disease.
Recalcitrant Oral Pyoderma Gangrenosum in a Child Responsive to Cyclosporine
Authors: Park Hyang‐Joon , Han Bong‐Gyun , Kim You‐Chan , Cinn Yong‐Woo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe report a case of recalcitrant pyoderma gangrenosum which developed on the tongue of an 8‐year‐old, previously healthy boy without any systemic associated disease. The lesion was confined to the tongue and was not responsive to conventional treatment with prednisolone and sulfa drug, but it showed dramatic improvement with oral cyclosporine therapy. In addition, the histopathology of the lesion included many eosinophils, which caused difficulties in diagnosis to differentiate this condition from other oral ulcerative diseases showing tissue eosinophilia including eosinophilic ulcer of the tongue.
Pansclerotic Morphea Treated with UVA: A Case Report
Authors: Yildirim Mehmet , Baysal Vahide , Aridogan Buket Cicioglu , Kesici Demet , Erturan Ijlal 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present an 8‐year‐old girl with pansclerotic morphea of childhood, a rare, severe variant of localized scleroderma. Various systemic agents and PUVA are used in the treatment of this disease. We used UVA therapy in the treatment of this case.
Blue Lunula Due to Hydroxyurea
Authors: Jeevankumar Balasubramanian , Thappa Devinder Mohan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlteration in the color of lunula can be an indication of either a cutaneous or systemic disorder or a systemic drug side effect. Hydroxyurea, an antitumor systemic agent (a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitor) used in the treatment of refractory psoriasis as well as in the variety of neoplastic disorders is known to cause brownish pigmentation of the nails but hydroxyurea induced blue lunula is very rare. It is being reported in a 45‐year‐old man with chronic recalcitrant plaque psoriasis on oral hydroxyurea 500 mg twice daily. Lunular pigmentation in finger and toenails developed two weeks later. During follow up, pigmentation remained localized to the proximal portion of nails.
Cutaneous Type of Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: A New Entity among Cutaneous Lymphomas
Authors: Yagi Hiroaki , Takigawa Masahiro , Hashizume Hideo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAdult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a malignancy of CD4+ T cells that is endemic in certain areas in Japan. Two types of cutaneous ATL thought to originate from skin include cutaneous tumor and erythematopapule types. Patients with cutaneous ATL show neither leukemic involvement nor invasion of tumor cells into the lymph nodes for at least six months. The differential diagnosis between cutaneous ATL and mycosis fungoides is often difficult. The presence of monoclonal integration of human T lymphotropic virus‐I proviral DNA in skin samples is of definitive diagnostic value in cutaneous ATL.
Pattern of Contact Sensitivity in Indian Patients with Hand Eczema
Authors: Suman Mansi , Reddy Belum Siva Nagi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOne hundred consecutive patients with hand eczema were patch tested with the Indian Standard Series and indigenous antigens after a detailed history and clinical examination. Both sexes were involved and the majority of them were in the age group between 20–39 years (56%). Their occupational profile varied in order of frequency from household work (37%), to masons (14%), students (11%), factory workers (7%), and others (31%). Itching was the most common presenting complaint (93%). A history of atopy was found in 36% of the patients. The predominant sites involved were the palms (43%), followed by fingers (32%), dorsum (17%), and the entire hand (8%). Dry, scaly skin was the most common morphological picture, followed by hyperpigmentation, fissuring, and lichenification. Based on history, clinical examination and patch test results, the diagnosis was made as allergic contact dermatitis in 67% of cases and irritant contact dermatitis in 15% of cases. Positive patch tests with one or more allergens were noted in 67% of the patients. Vegetables (21%) were found to be the most common sensitizers, followed by nickel sulphate (20%), potassium dichromate (18%), and others. Wet work, soaps, and detergents were found to be the most offending irritants. The present study confirmed the fact that hand eczema is a multifactorial disease caused by both irritants and allergens.
Reticulate Acropigmentation of Dohi: First Case Reports from Nepal
Authors: Agarwalla Arun , Agrawal Sudha , Rijal Arpana , Barman Krishna Deb , Bhattarai Sabeena 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAcropigmentation of Dohi is a rare acropigmentary disorder. We report two cases of reticulate acropigmentation of Dohi from Nepal. To the best of our knowledge, these two cases represent the first case reports from Nepal.
Basal Cell Carcinomas of the Areola‐Nipple Complex: Case Reports and Review of the Literature
Authors: Betti Roberto , Martino Patrizia , Moneghini Laura , Vergani Raffaelle , Tolomio Elena , Crosti Carlo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTwo white men 57 and 39 years old, and a 47‐year‐old white woman were seen with slowly developing papulo‐nodular lesions of the areola‐nipple complex. None of the patients presented with regional lymphadenopathy, history of trauma, or relevant sun‐exposure. After excison of the mass, the histologic diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma was made. At two years of follow‐up, no recurrence was evident. The low incidence of basal cell carcinoma in this particular site allows us to consider the areola‐nipple complex location as unusual. Moreover, literature reports do not suggest that these BCCs have an increased potential for malignancy. The treatment options depend on the extension of the tumor and on the possible involvement of the areola‐nipple complex and mammary tissue.
Unilateral Angiokeratoma Scroti: A Rare Manifestation of a Vascular Tumor
Authors: Bechara Falk Georges , Altmeyer Peter , Jansen Thomas 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA 21‐year‐old patient with a six‐year history of asymptomatic papular lesions on his scrotum is reported. The lesions were limited to one half of the scrotum and associated with subclinical varicocele on the same side. The clinical and histopathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of angiokeratoma scroti. Increased venous pressure caused by the varicocele may have been responsible for the unilateral development of angiokeratoma in this patient.
Primary Tuberculosis Cases Presenting with Erythema Nodosum
Authors: Mert Ali , Ozaras Resat , Tabak Fehmi , Ozturk Recep 
Published: July 2014

AbstractErythema nodosum (EN) is seen only in the primary tuberculosis (TB) form of tuberculous diseases. Among the etiologies of EN, TB is the most frequent disorder in developing countries. We aimed to assess our patients with EN in reference to primary TB. We evaluated 335 patients with the diagnosis of TB during last 20 years; retrospectively 61 (18%) of these cases had pulmonary and 274 (82%) had extrapulmonary TB. Ten (16%) of the pulmonary TB cases were primary. All 10 patients with primary TB presented with EN. Among 50 patients with EN diagnosed and followed during the last 10 years, the etiology was determined in 56%, and primary TB was the most frequent: 20%.
Computer‐Aided Diagnosis of Genodermatoses
Authors: Aksungur Varol Lütfü , Maraklı Selma Sönmezoğlu , Akman Ayşe , Homan Seydo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGenodermatoses are not usually easily diagnosed by inexperienced physicians. We developed a computer program to aid their clinical diagnoses and compared its accuracy rate to those of five residents in dermatology. The database of the program contained the clinical findings of 100 genodermatoses. Findings related to the skin, its appendages, mucous membranes and physiognomy were recorded in detail; but the involvements of other organs, only as headings. Twenty test cases were prepared from previously published reports. Their clinical findings were evaluated both by the program and five residents, who were at the end of the third year of their training in dermatology. The program gave the correct diagnosis in all of the test cases, but the residents failed to do so in one to seven cases. The high accuracy rate of the program suggests that it can aid inexperienced physicians in their clinical diagnosis of genodermatoses.
A Giant Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma on the Scalp
Authors: Kim Hyoung‐Hun , Chang Sung‐Eun , Choi Jee‐Ho , Moon Kee‐Chan , Koh Jai‐Kyoung 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMalignant fibrosis histiocytoma (MFH) is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas of adult life. The most common sites of origin are the proximal extremities, particularly the thigh and buttock. The tumors are multilobular fleshy masses, often apparently circumscribed on gross examination. We report a case of a MFH of the head in a 57‐year‐old woman. Our case is clinically unusual in that the tumor rapidly grew up to 15 cm in a very short time.
Negative Feedback Regulation of Phosphatidylinositol 3‐Kinase/Akt Pathway by Over‐Expressed Cyclooxygenase‐2 in Human Epidermal Cancer Cells
Authors: Takeda Koichiro , Kanekura Takuro , Kanzaki Tamotsu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWhile enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 has been observed in human skin epidermal cancer, the mechanisms underlying COX‐2 expression have not been completely elucidated. Recently, a role for the phosphatidylinositol‐3 (PI3) kinase pathway in COX‐2 expression has attracted attention. We investigated COX‐2 expression, PI3 kinase activity, and the phosphorylation level of Akt, a downstream effector of PI3 kinase, in the human skin cancer cell line HSC‐5. Compared to the nontumorigenic keratinocyte HaCaT, in HSC‐5 cells, COX‐2 protein expression and PI3 kinase activity were increased. The PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 reduced COX‐2 expression in HSC‐5 cells and, contrary to our expectation, the phosphorylation of Akt was significantly decreased. The expression of Bcl‐2, which is regulated by Akt, was reduced, and apoptosis was induced in HSC‐5 cells compared to HaCaT cells. COX‐2 inhibitor NS398 up‐regulated Akt phosphorylation. These results imply that constitutively over‐expressed COX‐2 down‐regulates the Akt phosphorylation through a negative feedback mechanism.
Two Cases of Multiple Eccrine Spiradenoma with Linear or Localized Formation
Authors: Yoshida Aki , Sato Toshiki , Sugawara Yuki , Matsuta Mayumi , Akasaka Toshihide 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe report two rare cases of recurrent, multiple eccrine spiradenoma. Both cases presented with extensive lesions comprised of multiple red papules of various sizes and a soft blue‐red nodule. The first case was a 30‐year‐old woman. Her lesions followed a linear arrangement on her chin, and extended down the right side of the neck with spontaneous pain. The second case was a 57‐year‐old woman with tumors in a localized group on the left occipital region without pain. A search of the literature revealed only 15 reported cases of linear/zosteriform/nevoid multiple eccrine spiradenoma. Both cases were treated by surgical excision. Most of the red papules displayed typical histological features including two cell types: large clear cells with low‐density cytoplasm; and small dark cells with high‐density cytoplasm. The large soft tumors exhibited a variable histological appearance. In the first case, the cystic tumors displayed an homogeneous structure comprised of eosinophilic material. In the second case, the cystic tumors included abundant interstitial tissue.
Skin Aging and Dry Skin
Authors: Hashizume Hideo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSkin aging appears to be the result of both scheduled and continuous “wear and tear” processes that damage cellular DNA and proteins. Two types of aging, chronological skin aging and photoaging, have distinct clinical and histological features. Chronological skin aging is a universal and inevitable process characterized primarily by physiologic alterations in skin function. In this case, keratinocytes are unable to properly terminally differentiate to form a functional stratum corneum, and the rate of formation of neutral lipids that contribute to the barrier function slows, causing dry, pale skin with fine wrinkles. In contrast, photoaging results from the UVR of sunlight and the damage thus becomes apparent in sun‐exposed skin. Characteristics of this aging type are dry and sallow skin displaying fine wrinkles as well as deep furrows, resulting from the disorganization of epidermal and dermal components associated with elastosis and heliodermatitis. Understanding of the functions of the skin and the basic principles of moisturizer use and application is important for the prevention of skin aging. Successful treatment of dry skin with appropriate skin care products gives the impression of eternal youth.
A Case of Refractory Bullous Pemphigoid with Plasmapheresis‐Associated Thrombopenia: Efficacy of Pulsed Intravenous Cyclophosphamide Therapy
Authors: Ogawa Yasushi , Adachi Ayumi , Okamoto Miyako , Hashimoto Takashi , Tomita Yasushi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present a 69‐year‐old woman with refractory bullous pemphigoid successfully treated with pulsed intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy. Because various other early treatments including 4,4'‐diaminodiphenylsulphone (DDS), minocycline/nicotinamide, cyclosporin, azathioprine, high‐dose oral prednisolone, and methylprednisolone pulse therapy were either ineffective or intolerable, she was treated with double filtration plasmapheresis, but she responded poorly with the rare complication of severe transient thrombopenia. Finally, she gradually recovered with pulsed intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy.
Treatment of Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis with Azithromycin
Authors: Atasoy Mustafa , Özdemir Şevki , Aktaş Akın , Aliağaoğlu Cihangir , Karakuzu Ali , Erdem Teoman 
Published: July 2014

AbstractConfluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CRP) is a relatively rare disorder of unknown origin, mostly affecting young female adults. We here present the case of a 21‐year‐old male patient with confluent and reticulated papillomatosis. Skin examination revealed brownish, verrucous, hyperkeratotic, 2 to 5 mm papules, which formed confluent patches and plaques with a reticulate network on the interscapular area. The patient was initially treated with ketoconazole cream for two weeks without improvement. The disease can be rather persistent and resistant to topical therapy. Our case showed a satisfactory response to treatment with azithromycin. Although this treatment is known to be effective in some cases, the action mechanism of azithromycin on CRP is not fully understood.
Skin Infiltration of Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Miki Jun , Matsuzaki Satoshi , Koike Kenichi , Saida Toshiaki 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe described a two‐year‐old boy who developed a skin infiltration from JMML. Several indurated erythematous lesions were seen on his back on his first visit to our department. Edematous erythemas had repeatedly appeared on his auricles and feet for the previous six months. He had had a high fever for a month. Hepatosplenomegaly and superficial lymphadenopathy were recognized. Laboratory investigation showed leukocytosis and anemia. The diagnosis of JMML was confirmed by the findings of myeloid hyperplasia in his bone marrow and the spontaneous colony formation and GM‐CSF hypersensitivity in a culture of bone marrow cells. Histopathologically, large atypical mononuclear cells were infiltrated throughout the dermis in a perivascular and interstitial distribution in a skin biopsy specimen. These cells were CD3 (–), CD20 (–), CD45 (+), CD68 (+) and myeloperoxidase (+). Bone marrow transplantation and then cord blood stem cell transplantation were performed but soon rejected. The indurated erythematous lesions appeared again soon after the relapse of JMML. There are other reported cases of JMML with skin infiltration that preceded any other manifestations of the disease. JMML cells in some patients, including our case, seem to have a great affinity for the skin, and skin biopsy aids in early detection of this disease.
Lichen Planus Showing Columnar Epidermal Necrosis
Authors: Yoon Tae Young , Lee Gu Chang , Kim Young Gi , Kim Mi Kyeong , Kim Chi Yeon 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe describe a 9‐year‐old boy who presented with very itchy papules and plaques on both knees. Histologically, focal columnar epidermal necrosis was seen associated with features of classic lichen planus. A literature search using PubMed revealed that only two cases of transfusion‐associated lichenoid graft‐versus‐host reaction showing columnar epidermal necrosis have been previously reported. Our case is the first of lichen planus showing columnar epidermal necrosis. In that lichenoid graft‐versus‐host reaction is a special form of lichen planus, it is possible to speculate that columnar epidermal necrosis may be a unique feature of lichen planus.