bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of kangaroo mother care and tactile kinesthetic stimulation in low birth weight babies – an experimental study
Authors: Metgud Deepa , Honap Radhika 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLow birth weight (LBW) is the most common cause of neonatal death. The management includes admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, use of high frequency oscillator, and so on. The conventional management of LBW babies also includes kangaroo mother care and tactile kinesthetic stimulation (TKS), which are both non-invasive and easily affordable. However, very few studies have compared these two techniques. Hence, the aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of kangaroo mother care (KMC) and TKS in LBW babies.This was an experimental study including 40 LBW babies weighing 1500–2500 g with gestational age of ≥32 weeks. Group A (n=20) was treated with KMC and group B (n=20) was treated with TKS for 5 consecutive days. The weight and parental bonding of all the neonates before and after intervention were recorded.The results of this study revealed that the neonates in both groups showed significant weight gain after 5 days of treatment (p=0.00001) However, in Group B, parental bonding scores were significantly decreased with p=0.0126.The present study concluded that KMC and TKS were equally effective in increasing the weight of the neonates and the mother-child bonding.
Zalta on Encoding Fictional Properties
Authors: Klauk Tobias 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTheories which take fictional objects to be a kind of abstract object are faced with the obvious problem of how to explain the seeming truth of sentences ascribing internal properties. Abstract objects cannot be cynical, be magicians or smoke pipe. Call this the problem of the wrong kind of object. There are a number of well-known strategies which abstractists have employed to evade the problem. In this paper, I discuss whether Edward Zalta’s distinction between two kinds of predication, exemplifying and encoding, can help us solve the problem.I start out in section 2 by reviewing the general debate between realists and antirealists concerning fictional objects. Realists think that fictional objects exist, while antirealists deny this. It is however useful to remember that participants in the debate differ in their interpretation of »exists« and »fictional«. Remembering this helps to locate Zalta’s account in the realist camp.Section 3 introduces the problem of the wrong kind of object, namely of how we can simultaneously take fictional objects to be abstract objects and understand sentences like »Rick Blaine is cynical« as straightforwardly true. I distinguish five strategies of dealing with this problem. Abstractists can (a) assume that fictional names are ambiguous, (b) distinguish between two kinds of properties, (c) understand such sentences as being governed by a fiction operator, (d) distinguish between two kinds of predication, or (e) take the predicate to be evaluated in some special way (which needs to be specified). I shortly comment on (a) and (b), then a problem for strategy (c) is discussed: It seems to commit us to the view that fictions prescribe recipients to imagineSection 4 introduces strategy (d), Zalta’s distinction between exemplifying and encoding. The distinction turns out to be a remedy against the problem of the wrong kind of object. Unfortunately it reintroduces the problem identified for strategy (c). I explore a radical way of evading the problem by understanding fictional objects to be representations. Although the idea can be found in Zalta’s writings, it leads to internal tensions in his account, cannot solve the problem at hand, and seems to generate additional problems. Additionally, Zalta’s assumption that fictional objects have their individuation conditions via the properties they encode is shown to be problematic on independent grounds.Section 5 discusses whether Zalta’s distinction between exemplifying and encoding is compatible with an artefactualist account of fictional characters. Assuming that most artefactualists would not want to understand existence as a discriminating predicate, I argue that combining this idea with the exemplifying/encoding distinction goes at least against the spirit of the artefactualist account.Section 6 introduces the idea of different evaluations of predicates without simultaneously being committed to Zalta’s strong assumptions. While this seems to be possible, such accounts also need to find a way of answering the argument given at the end of section 3.
About
Authors: Lamarque Peter 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe paper looks at the diversity of contexts in which aboutness claims are made: e. g. »x is aboutMore specifically, certain long-established views on »about« are addressed, notably that of Nelson Goodman, who distinguishes a relational from a non-relational sense, the latter characterised by the one-place predicate »So instead a principle of invocation is introduced, which asks what must be invoked in a competent interpretation of an aboutness claim. To say truthfully that S is aboutFinally, consideration is given to claims about fictional characters. How can we »invoke« a fictional character in an interpretation if there are no such things? Reverting to Goodman’s terminology, in virtue of what is
De Re Essentialism, Species, and Modal Ambiguity
Authors: Inman Ross 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
I offer a concise critique of a recurring line of reasoning advanced by Joseph LaPorte and Samir Okasha that all modern species concepts render the view that biological organisms essentially belong to their species empirically untenable. The argument, I claim, trades on a crucial modal ambiguity that collapses the de re/de dicto distinction. Contra their claim that the continued adherence of such a view on behalf of contemporary metaphysicians stems from the latter’s ignorance of developments in modern biology, the modal ambiguity reveals the need to retrain in modal metaphysics.
Sider’s Third Realm
Authors: Goldwater Jonah P. B. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Sider (2011; Writing the Book of the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press) argues it is not only predicates that carve reality at its joints, but expressions of any logical or grammatical category – including quantifiers, operators, and sentential connectives. Even so, he denies these expressions pick out entities in the world; instead, they only represent the world’s “structure”. I argue that this distinction is not viable, and that Sider’s ambitious programme requires an exotic ontology – and even a Fregean “third realm” – of logical entities.
The “Constant” Threat to the Dispositional Essentialist Conception of Laws
Authors: Livanios Vassilios 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
According to the dispositional essentialist account of laws of nature, the latter express the dispositional nature of fundamental natural properties. In this paper I discuss the difficulty that the existence of fundamental constants of nature raises for that account. To this end, I examine a relevant argument against the account and describe how an advocate of the dispositionalist conception may try to undermine it by raising objections to its premises. Then I discuss those objections and show that eventually all fail. I finally conclude that the existence of the fundamental constants remains a “constant” threat to the dispositional essentialist conception of laws.
Structural diversity and ligand specificity of lectins. The Bangalore effort
Authors: Abhinav Koyamangalath Vadakkepat , Vijayan Mamannamana 
Published: August 2014

AbstractStructural studies in this laboratory encompass four of the five major classes of plant lectins, including the one discovered by us. In addition to addressing issues specific to individual lectins, the work provided insights into protein folding, quaternary association and generation of ligand specificity. Legume and β-prism fold lectins constitute families of proteins in which small alterations in essentially the same tertiary structure lead to large variations in quaternary structure, including that involving an open structure. Strategies for generating ligand specificity include water bridges, variation in loop length, post translational modification and oligomerization. Three of the structural classes investigated have subunits with three-fold symmetry. The symmetry in the structure is reflected in the sequence to different extents in different sub-classes. The evolutionary implications of this observation have been explored. The work on lectins has now been extended to those from mycobacteria.
Preparation and surface modification of Mg(OH)2/siloxane nanocomposite flame retardant
Authors: Wang Qilei 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In order to obtain flame retardants with good heat resistance, retardant properties and affinity, magnesium hydroxide (MH)/siloxane nanocomposite flame retardants were prepared by the hydrothermal and hypergravity method. The MH and MH/siloxane particles were characterized and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunner-Emment-Teller (BET) measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), etc. The results show that the stability of as-prepared MH/siloxane nanocomposite flame retardants is superior to MH particles prepared by other prepared methods, and the agglomeration is significantly reduced. The specific area of the composite particles was reduced, and the affinity and thermal stability were effectively improved. As a kind of filler for polymer, the MH/siloxane nanocomposite could help to improve the reinforcement of the polymer, and the heat resistant and flame retardant properties, which provide the foundation for further application of this nanocomposite as a flame retardant.
Orientation-specific amorphization and intercalated recrystallization at ion-irradiated SrTiO3/MgO interfaces
Authors: Aguiar Jeffery A. , Zhuo Mujin , Bi Zhenxing , Fu Engang , Wang Yongqiang , Dholabhai Pratik P. , Misra Amit , Jia Quanxi , Uberuaga Blas P. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Characterization of Bistre Pigment Samples by FTIR, SERS, Py-GC/MS and XRF
Authors: Roldan María L. , Centeno Silvia A. , Rizzo Adriana , van Dyke Yana 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA combination of FTIR, normal Raman, SERS, Py-GC/MS and XRF was used to analyze commercial bistre samples to determine specific biomarkers that will allow for a rapid identification of the pigment in works of art. The results of the XRF analysis showed that potassium, calcium and iron are the main elements present. Characteristic bands belonging to phenolic components of lignin were observed in the FTIR spectra. The SERS analysis provided a fingerprint that may originate in the polymerization of the phenolic components catalyzed by the presence of the nanostructured silver surface under alkaline conditions. The Py-GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of lignin and cellulose biomarkers and a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The similarities observed between the commercial samples studied suggest that both originate in the same raw material, hardwood. The results demonstrate the potential of the multi-technique approach used for the characterization of this complex black-brown pigment.
Fine Pore Structure Characterization in Two Gessoes Using Focused Ion Bean Scanning
Authors: Doutre Michael , Freeman Ashley , Diak Brad , Murray Alison , Bevan George , Fuster-López Laura 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe movement of fluids through a porous medium is a function of the material type and the size and morphology of the voids. In the conservation of painted artworks, the movement of materials (for example, cleaning solutions) is a major factor in how a work reacts to treatments and a large influence on how the work will change with time. Of particular importance in the conservation of painted surfaces is the preparatory layer. This is a highly active transport medium because it is generally highly porous and a comparatively large and uniform component of a painted surface. In this work, a gesso film of calcium carbonate and rabbit skin glue, typical of the preparatory layer of many painted works, and an acrylic-based gesso film were imaged by focused ion beam (FIB) scanning. The gessoes were milled and scanned with gallium ions serially, in sequential planes orthogonal to the plane of the film. This yielded quantifiable measurements of the fine internal structures at a resolution far higher than previously reported for this type of material. This enabled a greater understanding of the geometry of the internal surfaces, increasing the understanding of the mechanics of capillary flow and diffusive behavior in this extremely common and significant material.
Role of Weathering Layers on the Alteration Kinetics of Medieval Stained Glass in an Atmospheric Medium
Authors: Verney-Carron Aurélie , Michelin Anne , Gentaz Lucile , Lombardo Tiziana , Chabas Anne , Saheb Mandana , Ausset Patrick , Loisel Claudine 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn order to model and predict the alteration of medieval potash-containing stained glass, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of alteration layer formation at the glass surface and its role on the evolution of alteration kinetics. Moreover, the alteration layers observed on stained glasses are particular, as they are often fractured and heterogeneous in terms of thickness, with the appearance of pits and the detachment of scales. Contrary to silicate glasses altered in aqueous environment where the gel layer has a protective role, cracks and scales are harmful to the durability of stained glasses altered in air. In order to address these mechanistic issues, a program of experiments in the laboratory and in the field were performed. The fracturing was shown to be caused by the growth of the alteration layers and amplified by the alternation of humid and dry periods changing the density of hydrated layers. The pitting is initiated by defects at the glass surface and increased in external atmospheric medium as these defects fix the precipitated salts. However, despite fracturing and pitting, the development of an altered layer imposes a diffusive transport of the solution between the external medium and the bulk glass.
Block Copolymer Thin Films Above and Below the Order-Disorder Transition Temperature
Authors: Limary Ratchana , Green Peter F. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTSymmetric diblock copolymers undergo a disorder to order transition below a microphase separation transition temperature. In this temperature range the structure is characterized by alternating lamellae of thickness L. In thin film geometries, the lamellae are oriented normal to the substrate if there is a preferential interaction between either of the block constituents and the substrate/copolymer or copolymer/vacuum interfaces. Depending on the relation between the film thickness and L, the topography of the film might comprise of holes, islands or spinodal-like structures. We show that in a polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer of molecular weight 20, 000 g/mol, above the microphase separation transition temperature, the topography of the film depends on the thickness. A heirarchy of bicontinuous patterns and holes is observed with increasing film thickness for films thinner than 35 nm.
State of the Art of Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Analytics in the E&P Industry: A Technology Survey
Authors: Bravo César , Saputelli Luigi , Rivas Francklin , Pérez Anna Gabriela , Nikolaou Michael , Zangl Georg , de Guzmán Neil , Mohaghegh Shahab , Nunez Gustavo 
Published: August 2014

Summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used for more than 2 decades as a development tool for solutions in several areas of the exploration and production (E&P) industry: virtual sensing, production control and optimization, forecasting, and simulation, among many others. Nevertheless, AI applications have not been consolidated as standard solutions in the industry, and most common applications of AI still are case studies and pilot projects.
In this work, an analysis of a survey conducted on a broad group of professionals related to several E&P operations and service companies is presented. This survey captures the level of AI knowledge in the industry, the most common application areas, and the expectations of the users from AI-based solutions. It also includes a literature review of technical papers related to AI applications and trends in the market and in research and development.
The survey helped to verify that (a) data mining and neural networks are by far the most popular AI technologies used in the industry; (b) approximately 50% of respondents declared they were somehow engaged in applying workflow automation, automatic process control, rule-based case reasoning, data mining, proxy models, and virtual environments; (c) production is the area most affected by the applications of AI technologies; (d) the perceived level of available literature and public knowledge of AI technologies is generally low; and (e) although availability of information is generally low, it is not perceived equally among different roles.
This work aims to be a guide for personnel responsible for production and asset management on how AI-based applications can add more value and improve their decision making. The results of the survey offer a guideline on which tools to consider for each particular oil and gas challenge. It also illustrates how AI techniques will play an important role in future developments of information-technology (IT) solutions in the E&P industry.
A New Approach to Wellbore Sand Cleanout Using Electric-Line Technology
Authors: Giang Ha The , Trung Chu Duc , Nayak Jyoti Prakash 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Using coiled tubing (CT) to clean sand from wellbores to improve production is a field proven, practical, and effective method. However, large CT units are often unavailable and unsupported by the wellhead platform (WHP), or may require a workover rig to support their use offshore, which can also have limited availability, causing non-productive time (NPT) and delayed production. In addition, other technical concerns related to CT, such as potential formation damage while circulating in low-pressure reservoirs or a lack of solid lifting ability at low circulating rates mean that it is not suitable for every situation.
In August 2011, an operator tried a new approach to clean out sand from an oil-producing offshore well using an electric-line (e-line) cleaning tool as an alternative to CT sand cleanout. The main benefit of the e-line system is avoiding the 24hr heavy duty CT operation on the remote, unmanned wellhead platform, especially in the unfavorable weather condition offshore. The e-line cleaning tool was applied and successfully cleaned 1,456 m of sand-bridge interval in the wellbore, recovering a total of 881 liters of sand to surface. Full flow path was re-established and the well was re-instated to normal production.
This paper describes the review of the alternative e-line solution compared to CT operations, planning and execution of the e-line cleaning tool operation, and the results of this first successful application in offshore Vietnam. Furthermore, the e-line cleaning tool has been used successfully in other fields and wells. It can be applied in nearly any field or well with sand problems or to remove similar kinds of debris.
An Innovative Approach to Cementation of Monobore Completion Tubing to Maximise Access to the Bottom Most Reservoirs
Authors: Sheikh Veisi M. , Salehpour A. Gh. , Wedhaswari V. R. , Bianchi Neto N. , Panjaitan R. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Cementation of the monobore completion strings for Total in Tunu field of Indonesia is a balancing act. The bottommost reservoir sands are within 30-ft of a high-pressure zone. Therefore, having a conventional length of shoe track, two to three tubing joints, will block the access to the bottom sands. Furthermore, any error in displacement volumes of these cement jobs would lead to costly remediation. Drilling out cement inside the small tubing sizes would force Total to use special drilling techniques, and displacing extra mud volumes would wet the shoe, which could jeopardize the well integrity. To tackle the challenges, shoe track length was minimized with the float shoe and collar placed only 1 m apart. A custom-made calibration plug, with proper burst disc pressure rating, was designed and used prior to cementation; this plug allowed the tubing volume to be measured physically. Based on observing the pressure spikes on the rig floor, the displacement volumes for all the cement jobs are known prior to the cement job.
As it is proven to be valuable, this innovative cementation method continues to be used by Total ever since its introduction. The calibration plug has been used in more than 200 wells with the total depths of 13,000-ft to 17,000-ft. The cement displacement was done accurately, and top plug was bumped successfully. This has saved 100-ft—the conventional shoe track length—of drilling on each well. Also, the plug contributes to the safe exploitation of the bottom targets without encountering the high-pressure zones. This innovative technique is applicable to cementation of all completion strings with reservoir targets close to the tubing shoe. It has been proven to be a reliable method in eliminating the shoe track and can be applied to any similar cementation operations.
Salt-Tolerant Cement Systems to Mitigate Gelling Effect
Authors: Campos Gilson , Simao Cristina Alex , de Miranda Cristiane Richard , Patil Sandip , Deshpande Abhimanyu , Patil Rahul , Ravi Kris 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A number of reservoirs around the globe are deep, and often it is necessary to drill and cement through salt zones to reach the reservoir section. Brazil offshore is one example where reservoirs are buried deep, and the salt zones there are quite challenging to drill through and cement. Many of these salt zones contain chemically reactive salts, such as magnesium and calcium chloride, and usually pose unique challenges during placement of the slurry and subsequent cement slurry hydration and compressive strength development.
These salts, especially MgCl2, chemically interact with the cement slurry, thereby altering the mechanism and kinetics of cement hydration, leading to premature gelation and shorter thickening times. Mitigating these effects is a challenge and is important to successfully place the cement slurry in the annulus and for the slurry to develop the required mechanical properties, such as compressive strength.
In the present study, slurries were formulated to overcome gelation issues with the required compressive strength for successful zonal isolation. The slurries were designed in such a way that they can take up to 12% contamination by weight of water (bwow) of the MgCl2-based salts known as carnalite and tachyhydrite. Pertinent data that characterize performance of these slurries are presented in this paper.