bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qutrit representation of quantum images: new quantum ternary circuit design
Authors: Taheri Monfared Asma , Ciriani Valentina , Haghparast Majid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractQuantum computation is growing in significance and proving to be a powerful tool in meeting the high real-time computational demands of classical digital image processing. However, extensive research has been done on quantum image processing, mainly rooted in binary quantum systems. In this paper, we propose a new quantum ternary image circuit based on the analysis of the existing qutrit representation of quantum images. The proposed design utilizes ternary shift gates and ternary Muthukrishnan–Stroud gates, with the belief that this circuit can be used for ternary quantum image processing. This study makes a significant improvement compared to the existing counterpart in terms of quantum cost, the number of constant inputs, and garbage outputs, which are all essential parameters in quantum circuit design.
Atmospheric Helium Abundances in the Giant Planets
Authors: Nettelmann Nadine , Cano Amoros Marina , Tosi Nicola , Helled Ravit , Fortney Jonathan J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNoble gases are accreted to the giant planets as part of the gas component of the planet-forming disk. While heavier noble gases can separate from the evolution of the hydrogen-rich gas, helium is thought to remain at the protosolar H/He ratio $Y_{\mathrm{proto}}\sim 0.27$

Y
proto

∼
0.27
–0.28. However, spacecraft observations revealed a depletion in helium in the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus. For the gas giants, this is commonly seen as indication of H/He phase separation at greater depths. Here, we apply predictions of the H/He phase diagram and three H/He-EOS to compute the atmospheric helium mass abundance $Y_{\mathrm{atm}}$

Y
atm

as a result of H/He phase separation. We obtain a strong depletion $Y_{\mathrm{atm}}<0.1$

Y
atm

<
0.1
for the ice giants if they are adiabatic. Introducing a thermal boundary layer at the Z-poor/Z-rich compositional transition with a temperature increase of up to a few 1000 K, we obtain a weak depletion in Uranus as observed. Our results suggest dissimilar internal structures between Uranus and Neptune. An accurate in-situ determination of their atmospheric He/H ratio would help to constrain their internal structures. This is even more true for Saturn, where we find that any considered H/He phase diagram and H/He-EOS would be consistent with any observed value. However, some H/He-EOS and phase diagram combinations applied to both Jupiter and Saturn require an outer stably-stratified layer at least in one of them.
Bacterial microcompartment-mimicking Pickering emulsion droplets for detoxification of chemical threats under sweet conditions
Authors: Xu Xiao , Xie Wenqi , Wu Ting , Chen Chen , Chen Xiaoning , Yang Yuheng , Lian Hao , Chen Hao , Cheng Xiaofeng , Chen Zhitong , Chen Guojun , Liu Chaoqun , Chen Lanlan , He Yu , Chen Zhaowei , Binks Bernard P. , Yang Huanghao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChemical warfare agents represent a severe threat to mankind and their efficient decontamination is a global necessity. However, traditional disposal strategies have limitations, including high energy consumption, use of aggressive reagents and generation of toxic byproducts. Here, inspired by the compartmentalized architecture and detoxification mechanism of bacterial micro-compartments, we constructed oil-in-water Pickering emulsion droplets stabilized by hydrogen-bonded organic framework immobilized cascade enzymes for decontaminating mustard gas simulant (2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, CEES) under sweet conditions. Two exemplified droplet systems were developed with two-enzyme (glucose oxidase/chloroperoxidase) and three-enzyme (invertase/glucose oxidase/chloroperoxidase) cascades, both achieving over 6-fold enhancement in decontamination efficiency compared with free enzymes and >99% selectivity towards non-toxic sulfoxide. We found that the favored mass transfer of sugars and CEES from their respective phases to approach the cascade enzymes located at the droplet surface and the facilitated substrate channeling between proximally immobilized enzymes were key factors in augmenting the decontamination efficacy. More importantly, the robustness of immobilized enzymes enabled easy reproduction of both the droplet formation and detoxification performance over 10 cycles, following long-term storage and in far-field locations.
Gun Violence Exposure and Quality of Life in Nine US States
Authors: Paruk Jennifer , Semenza Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDirect and indirect gun violence exposure (GVE) is associated with a broad range of detrimental health effects. However, much of this research has examined the effects of a single type of GVE (e.g., being shot) on discrete outcomes (e.g., daily pain, PTSD). Since people may experience numerous types of GVE (e.g., being threatened with a gun and hearing gunshots in their neighborhood) with broad effects on their well-being, we study the association between four types of direct and indirect GVE and five aspects of quality of life (overall, physical, psychological, social, and environmental). Using a representative sample of adults from nine states (N = 7455), we find that witnessing/hearing about a shooting in one’s neighborhood was the most commonly experienced GVE associated with significant decreases in all five types of quality of life. Cumulative GVE was also associated with significant decreases in overall physical, psychological, social, and environmental quality of life. For example, individuals with four GVEs had an adjusted average physical quality of life that was 11.14 points lower and environmental quality of life that was 7.18 points lower than individuals with no GVE. Decreasing gun violence is a critical component of improving community health and well-being.
Advancing the Moral legitimacy of digital platforms as gatekeepers: a critical analysis from a political corporate social responsibility perspective
Authors: Gilbert Dirk Ulrich , Schrage Stephanie , Behnam Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on digital platforms, such as Google or Meta, that function as “gatekeepers” that dominate their respective markets. They face serious moral legitimacy issues, due to their power to act as private rule-makers in underregulated digital spheres. Such legitimacy issues have remained underexplored thus far, as have gatekeepers’ options for addressing them. Yet moral legitimacy represents a vital resource for organizations, as a justification of their essential right to exist. Drawing on recent advances in political corporate social responsibility theory, this study offers a systematic conceptualization of how gatekeepers can exhibit ethical responsibility in their efforts to gain, maintain, and sustain their moral legitimacy. This systematic conceptualization encompasses different agreement-seeking procedures, online deliberation, a hybrid governance approach that combines regulation and self-regulation, and the provision of public goods.
NUS so fast: the social and ecological implications of a rapidly developing indigenous food economy in the Cape Town area
Authors: Willis Jenny , Losch Bruno , Pereira Laura M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe modern global food system is highly unsustainable, shaped by industrialisation and corporate consolidation, with negative repercussions on the environment and biodiversity as well as human health. This paper looks at the burgeoning economy in neglected and underutilised species (NUS) in the Western Cape, South Africa, as a potential innovation that could make the local food system more socially and ecologically resilient. Although, at present, NUS are only marginally included in the local food system and policy discussions, NUS increasingly appear in the high-end food industry, driven by international gastronomic trends. These species hold potential as climate resilient, nutritionally dense, and socially and culturally significant foods in the region, but they also carry ecological and social risks. We critically examine the fledgling NUS economy in the Cape Town area to unpack the motivations and challenges associated with the potentially transformative inclusion of these foods into the local food system. We demonstrate that the main risks associated with NUS are negative ecological repercussions, privatisation of the NUS economy, and the reproduction and further entrenchment of unequal power and race dynamics in the region. To mitigate these risks and actualise the related benefits associated with NUS, engagement with the ecological, social, and political context of NUS needs to be significantly deepened. This is particularly true for those working in the high-end food industry, who appear to be driving the NUS economy, and will require education around sustainability and Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), as well as a foregrounding awareness of power dynamics.
Visiting mine reclamation: How field experience shapes perceptions of mining
Authors: Svobodova Kamila , Barták Vojtěch , Hendrychová Markéta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecognizing the prevailing negative public opinion on mining, it is important to understand how firsthand encounters with mining activities might influence these perceptions. This study investigates how field trips to open pit coal mines and their reclamation sites in the Czech Republic affected the attitudes of 148 university students toward mining and mine reclamation. Using pre and post trip questionnaires, we observed significant changes: Students became less neutral about mining, saw it as a temporary disruptive activity, expressed reduced concern for social conflicts in mining areas, and showed increased support for the ecological restoration of post mining sites. These findings underscore the transformative impact of direct engagement with mine reclamation activities on shaping attitudes. Understanding these effects offers promise for positively shifting public perceptions of mining practices, emphasizing the potential for constructive changes in attitudes through field experiences with reclamation efforts in the Global North.
Vagus nerve size determined via ultrasonography is associated with white matter lesions in patients with vascular risk factors
Authors: Nezu Tomohisa , Eto Futoshi , Hironaka Akemi , Aoki Shiro , Neshige Shuichiro , Tasaka Saki , Kirimoto Hikari , Maruyama Hirofumi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the cervical vagus nerve (VN), as assessed through ultrasonography, might be linked to autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Hypertension is the primary factor associated with cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs), but there is also evidence of a connection with autonomic nervous system dysfunction. However, the associations between WMLs and VN size are unclear. Our objective was to investigate the associations between WMLs and VN size in patients with vascular risk factors.

Methods
The CSA of the VN was evaluated using carotid ultrasonography in patients with a history of stroke (acute or chronic) and comorbidities (n = 196, 70.2 ± 12.7 years). Common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media thickness and interadventitial diameter (IAD) were also measured. The severity of the WMLs was assessed by the Fazekas classification and Scheltens’ scale.

Results
The CSA of the right VN (2.08 ± 0.65 mm2) was significantly greater than that of the CSA of the left VN (1.56 ± 0.44 mm2) (P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that older age, hypertension, increased right CCA IAD, and decreased CSA of the right VN (standardized partial regression coefficient [β] − 0.226; P < 0.001) were independently associated with the severity of WMLs (Scheltens’ scale). A decreased CSA of the left VN was also associated with the severity of WMLs (β = − 0.239; P < 0.001).

Conclusion
VN size determined via ultrasonography was associated with the severity of WMLs. While these findings do not establish a causal relationship, they suggest that autonomic nervous system dysfunction is involved in the progression of WMLs.
Boosting High-Voltage Practical Lithium Metal Batteries with Tailored Additives
Authors: You Jinhai , Wang Qiong , Wei Runhong , Deng Li , Hu Yiyang , Niu Li , Wang Jingkai , Zheng Xiaomei , Li Junwei , Zhou Yao , Li Jun-Tao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe lithium (Li) metal anode is widely regarded as an ideal anode material for high-energy-density batteries. However, uncontrolled Li dendrite growth often leads to unfavorable interfaces and low Coulombic efficiency (CE), limiting its broader application. Herein, an ether-based electrolyte (termed FGN-182) is formulated, exhibiting ultra-stable Li metal anodes through the incorporation of LiFSI and LiNO3 as dual salts. The synergistic effect of the dual salts facilitates the formation of a highly robust SEI film with fast Li+ transport kinetics. Notably, Li||Cu half cells exhibit an average CE reaching up to 99.56%. In particular, pouch cells equipped with high-loading lithium cobalt oxide (LCO, 3 mAh cm−2) cathodes, ultrathin Li chips (25 μm), and lean electrolytes (5 g Ah−1) demonstrate outstanding cycling performance, retaining 80% capacity after 125 cycles. To address the gas issue in the cathode under high voltage, cathode additives 1,3,6-tricyanohexane is incorporated with FGN-182; the resulting high-voltage LCO||Li (4.4 V) pouch cells can cycle steadily over 93 cycles. This study demonstrates that, even with the use of ether-based electrolytes, it is possible to simultaneously achieve significant improvements in both high Li utilization and electrolyte tolerance to high voltage by exploring appropriate functional additives for both the cathode and anode.
Scale effect of rock discontinuity considering all morphological information
Authors: Tian Yongchao , Liu He , Liu Quansheng , Tang Zhicheng , Liu Yong , Zhang Jun , Guo Jiaqi , Huang Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHaving an accurate understanding of the scale effect of surface morphology characteristics is crucial to examining the mechanical behavior of rock structural plane. At present, the quantification and sampling methods of surface morphology show diversity, which is the potential reason for the inconsistent research conclusions on scale effect. Firstly, based on mathematical statistics and correlation analysis, the most representative parameter is proposed from hundreds of morphological parameters. Then, the previous scale effect sampling methods are analyzed. In order to ensure that the selected samples are representative, a novel sampling method, considering all morphological information, is proposed. By means of the novel quantification and sampling methods, the size effect characteristics are systematically analyzed. Under the conditions of different rock types, shear directions and sampling locations, etc., discontinuity roughness does not change significantly with sampling scale. As sampling scale increases, the distribution range of representative samples is gradually concentrated, the total amount decreases, and the proportion increases. However, the distribution of representative samples on the initial structural plane does not show obvious regularity. These findings would provide theoretical support for the deformation control and stability analysis of rock mass in engineering.
Asymptotic Stability of Two-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic System Near the Couette Flow in a Finite Channel
Authors: Luo Fengjie , Li Limei , Ma Liangliang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the asymptotic stability of the incompressible two-dimensional(2D) magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) system near the Couette flow at high Reynolds number and high magnetic Reynolds number in a finite channel

$$\Omega =\mathbb {T}\times [-1,1]$$

Ω
=
T
×
[
-
1
,
1
]

. We extend the results of the Navier–Stokes equations (for the previous results see[10]) to the MHD system. We prove that if the initial velocity

$$V_{in}$$

V

in

and the initial magnetic field

$$B_{in}$$

B

in

satisfy

$$\Vert \left( V_{in}-(y,0), B_{in}-(1,0)\right) \Vert _{H_{x,y}^{2}}\le \epsilon \text {min}\{\nu ,\mu \}^\frac{1}{2}$$

‖

V

in

-

(
y
,
0
)

,

B

in

-

(
1
,
0
)

‖

H

x
,
y

2

≤
ϵ
min

{
ν
,
μ
}

1
2

for some small

$$\epsilon$$

ϵ

independent of

$$\nu ,\mu$$

ν
,
μ

, then the solution of the system remains within

$$\mathcal{O}(\text {min}\{\nu ,\mu \}^\frac{1}{2})$$

O
(
min

{
ν
,
μ
}

1
2

)

of Couette flow, and close to Couette flow as

$$t\rightarrow \infty$$

t
→
∞

; the magnetic field remains within

$$\mathcal{O}(\text {min}\{\nu ,\mu \}^\frac{1}{2})$$

O
(
min

{
ν
,
μ
}

1
2

)

of the (1, 0), and close to (1, 0) as

$$t\rightarrow \infty$$

t
→
∞

.
Developing a framework for integrating STEM approach at primary education of Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Tamanna , Farhana Zeba , Hoque Sameul , Al-Amin Md. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSTEM (Science, Mathematics, Engineering and Technology) education has widely been considered to have the potential to prepare students with 21st-century skills. Though the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) is concerned with developing human resources for the 21st-century, STEM education has not yet achieved a strong position in the national curriculum system. This study aims to provide a guideline to the GoB to take necessary steps to integrate STEM initiatives aligned with the current science and mathematics curriculum. Adopting a literature survey on the integrated STEM approach, document analysis (primary math and science curriculum, textbook, and teachers’ guide of grade 3, 4, and 5) and semi-structured interviews of the primary mathematics teachers, head teachers, STEM experts and curriculum developers of Bangladesh, a framework of integrated STEM approach for primary level has been developed. Besides, the study identified some chapters from science and mathematics textbooks where there are some scopes to integrate the STEM approach and also developed some STEM activities for grade 3, 4, and 5 as future guidelines to the practitioners. This study contributes to the field of STEM-focused primary education in the context of Bangladesh by offering practical guidelines for academic institutions, curriculum developers, teachers’ trainers, and policy makers of the country.
Artificial intelligence applications to genomic data in cancer research: a review of recent trends and emerging areas
Authors: Frasca Maria , La Torre Davide , Repetto Marco , De Nicolò Valentina , Pravettoni Gabriella , Cutica Ilaria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis review focuses on the intersection of artificial intelligence and genomic data in cancer research. It explores the types of genomic data used in the literature, the methodologies of machine learning and deep learning, recent applications, and the challenges associated with this field. Through an analysis of 47,586 articles and addressing seven research questions, the study reveals significant growth in this area over the past years. While there has been remarkable progress, ongoing attention is needed to address ethical considerations, interpretability of algorithms, and potential data biases, to ensure the reliable and responsible use of these advanced technologies. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape, offering insights into both the potential and challenges of AI in genomic data research.
Optimal risk sharing for lambda value-at-risk
Authors: Xia Zichao , Hu Taizhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA new risk measure, the Lambda Value-at-Risk (VaR), was proposed from a theoretical point of view as a generalization of the ordinary VaR in the literature. Motivated by the recent developments in risk sharing problems for the VaR and other risk measures, we study the optimization of risk sharing for the Lambda VaR. Explicit formulas of the inf-convolution and sum-optimal allocations are obtained with respect to the left Lambda VaRs, the right Lambda VaRs, or a mixed collection of the left and right Lambda VaRs. The inf-convolution of Lambda VaRs constrained to comonotonic allocations is investigated. Explicit formula for worst-case Lambda VaRs under model uncertainty induced by likelihood ratios is also given.
An Alternative Similar Tropical Cyclone Identification Algorithm for Statistical TC Rainfall Prediction in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Hokson J. A. , Kanae S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImproving tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall prediction is vital as climate change has led to an increase in TC rainfall rates. Enhanced reliability in predicting TC tracks has paved the way for statistical methodologies to make use of them in estimating current TC rainfall, achieved by identifying similar past TC tracks and obtaining their corresponding rainfall data. While the Fuzzy C Means (FCM) clustering algorithm is widely used, it has limitations stemming from its clustering‐centric design, hindering its ability to pinpoint the most appropriate similar TCs. Our study introduces the Sinkhorn distance, a novel similarity metric that measures the cost of transforming one set of data to another, for assessing TC similarity in rainfall prediction. Our findings indicate that utilizing Sinkhorn distance enhances the accuracy of TC rainfall predictions across the Western North Pacific region. When compared to the conventional approach using FCM, our Sinkhorn distance‐based methodology yields slightly better yet statistically significant results. The improvement is due to better identification of similar TCs, characterized by closer proximity of similar TC tracks to the target TC track, facilitated by Sinkhorn distance. This underscores how minor differences in TC track can alter rainfall distribution, emphasizing the critical importance of accurate track prediction in rainfall prediction and the need to reconsider how we categorize TCs together, which can have implications for climate and atmospheric sciences. Collectively, the inclusion of Sinkhorn distance stands as a valuable addition to our toolkit for discerning similar TC tracks, thus elevating the accuracy of TC rainfall predictions.
Climatic and Environmental Impacts on the Sedimentation of the SW Taiwan Margin Since the Last Deglaciation: Geochemical and Mineralogical Investigations
Authors: Bertaz Joffrey , Liu Zhifei , Colin Christophe , Dapoigny Arnaud , Lin Andrew Tien‐Shun , Li Yanli , Jian Zhimin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany scientific studies have been conducted to constrain present and past source‐to‐sink processes and their controlling factors. The role of typhoon and monsoon rainfall on chemical weathering and soils erosion in east Asia is still not well established. Clay minerals and major elements, combined with Nd and Sr isotopic compositions were analyzed on sediments from Core MD18‐3569 located on the Taiwan margin in the northeastern South China Sea. The aim was to reconstruct the weathering history of small river basins of southwest Taiwan and to establish the impact of East Asian summer monsoon and typhoon rainfall on source to sink processes since the last glacial period. 87Sr/86Sr and ɛNd values and predominant illite‐chlorite indicate that the rivers of southwest Taiwan is the sole source of sediments to Core MD18‐3569 since last deglaciation. Variations in clay mineral assemblages and major elements allowed us to evaluate the intensity of past weathering in the rivers of southwest Taiwan. We demonstrated that long‐term changes of chemical weathering intensity record from Taiwan are driven by changes in the summer monsoon rainfall. The deglaciation is characterized by a progressive increase in the intensity of chemical weathering, which peaked at the beginning of the Holocene. The chemical weathering degree of sediments from Taiwan decreases during the Holocene concurrently with a weakening of the summer monsoon, increase in typhoon activity, and changes in the vegetation cover. All these processes induce soil erosion, regressive pedogenesis, due to shorter residence time of minerals in the soils of southwest Taiwan.