bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective Remittances and Development in Rural Mexico: a View from Chicago's Mexican Hometown Associations
Authors: Bada Xóchitl 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper addresses the changing agendas of US‐based hometown associations (HTAs) in rural Mexico and the impact that these changes have on local government decisions to finance community development. The evidence that is offered in this paper confirms that local governments at the subnational state, municipal, and village levels are interested in maintaining the economic attachments of emigrant populations. These governments have created innovative state–society partnerships to reduce conflict with HTAs, maintain loyalties, and preserve the flow of remittances. Thus, one of the objectives of local governments is to sustain migrant collective remittance efforts in those sending regions that already have a critical mass of US‐based HTAs that demand government funds for development. The inclusion of organised migrant voices in community development debates has the potential to increase transnational democratic participation. However, when the allocation of public funds is based on an approach that privileges diaspora‐driven demands, this generates inequalities between international migrants and stay‐at‐home communities because it forces local sending communities to find HTAs across borders to solve infrastructure needs. As new hierarchies of place‐based citizen participation become more prevalent, the voices of stay‐at‐home communities risk being ignored by local government officials. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From flat graphene to bulk carbon nanostructures
Authors: Baimova Julia A. , Rysaeva Leysan Kh. , Liu Bo , Dmitriev Sergey V. , Zhou Kun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStudies on thin sheets and related materials are of high importance nowadays because of their great potential in various applications. The latest success in the production of graphene opens many new opportunities for the construction of novel three‐dimensional carbon nanostructures that exhibit good mechanical and electronic properties together with high specific surface area. Such novel nanostructures based on graphene sheets are very promising for energy storage devices, supercapacitors and stretchable electronics, to name a few. In this work, the mechanical responses of new bulk carbon nanostructures under hydrostatic pressure or shear strain are investigated, respectively, via molecular dynamics simulations. The size effect of the structural units on the strength of crumpled graphene is analyzed. The studied bulk carbon nanostructures are found to be extremely stable against diamondization. It is shown that the structures and mechanical properties of bulk carbon nanomaterials can be altered by severe plastic shear deformation. Shear strain leads to the formation of stable structures, even at relatively small strain.
Skeletal callus formation is a nerve‐independent regenerative response to limb amputation in mice and Xenopus
Authors: Miura Shinichirou , Takahashi Yumiko , Satoh Akira , Endo Tetsuya 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTo clarify the mechanism of limb regeneration that differs between mammals (non‐regenerative) and amphibians (regenerative), responses to limb amputation and the accessory limb inducible surgery (accessory limb model, ALM) were compared between mice and Xenopus, focusing on the events leading to blastema formation. In both animals, cartilaginous calluses were formed around the cut edge of bones after limb amputation. They not only are morphologically similar but show other similarities, such as growth driven by undifferentiated cell proliferation and macrophage‐dependent and nerve‐independent induction. It appears that amputation callus formation is a common nerve‐independent regenerative response in mice and Xenopus. In contrast, the ALM revealed that the wound epithelium (WE) in Xenopus was innervated by many regenerating axons when a severed nerve ending was placed underneath it, whereas only a few axons were found within the WE in mice. Since nerves are involved in induction of the regeneration‐permissive WE in amphibians, whether or not nerves can interact with the WE might be one of the key processes separating successful nerve‐dependent blastema formation in Xenopus and failure in mice.
Network structure effects on incumbency advantage
Authors: Lee Jeho , Song Jaeyong , Yang Jae‐Suk 
Published: June 2015

Research summary: The literature on network effects has implicitly assumed that an increase in the size of the installed base magnifies network effects, which is a source of incumbency advantage. We argue that the overemphasis on this relationship has resulted in controversy and confusion in the literature, where the role of social networks remains largely unaddressed. By developing computational models of network effects with various network structures, we show that social distance in a customer network plays a moderating role that strengthens or weakens the relationship between the installed base and network effects, which in turn, affects the durability of incumbency advantage. When the average social distance between members in a customer network is large, the incumbency advantage will not be amplified, and an entrant with an incompatible product or service may find ways into the market. On the other hand, when the average social distance is small, early entry with a growing installed base will magnify incumbency advantage.Managerial summary: In evaluating the strength of incumbency advantage or determining the price of an early mover, the size of the installed base has been widely used. We find that it is not a sufficient statistic, and confusion and error appear to result from assuming that it is. Our study suggests that degrees of separation, a measure of social distance in a network, can provide managers with an additional yardstick to sharpen their evaluation. When customer networks are characterized by fewer degrees of separation, the conventional use of the installed base as a metric may be reasonable. On the other hand, when customer networks are characterized by larger degrees of separation, the conventional use may potentially mislead managers in their decision‐making. Thinking about the roots of user benefits (e.g., access to a few significant others vs. hubs) may be a reasonable starting point for assessing degrees of separation in a customer network. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brief Report: Human Mesenchymal Stem-Like Cells Facilitate Floating Tumorigenic Cell Growth via Glutamine-Ammonium Cycle
Authors: Tang Ke , Hu Liang , Ma Jingwei , Zhang Huafeng , Zhang Yi , Li Yong , Ma Ruihua , Luo Shunqun , Liu Dongbo , Long Guoxian , Han Mei , Liu Shunfang , Song Anping , Shen Meizhu , Hu Guoqing , Huang Bo 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
How mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote tumor growth remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that mesenchymal stem-like cells (MSLCs) are commonly present in malignant pleural effusion or ascites of cancer patients, where they directly interact with tumor cells. Chemokines and chemokine receptors, especially the CCL2/CCR2 pathway, are involved in this interaction. As a result, MSLCs exert tumor-promoting effects by enhancing the proliferation and colony formation of tumor-repopulating cells. The underlying molecular basis involves MSLC release of glutamine to tumorigenic cells. Inhibition of glutamine uptake impedes MSC-mediated tumor-promoting effects. More intriguingly, MSLCs take up tumor cell-released ammonium that, in turn, favors MSLC growth. Thus, glutamine and ammonium form a vicious cycle between MSLCs and tumorigenic cells. These findings suggest a potential clinical application by targeting MSLCs in patients with malignant pleural effusions or ascites. Stem Cells 2015;33:2877—2884
Synthesis and Structural Facets of Dialkyltin(IV) Complexes Constructed from 2‐(2‐(3, 5‐Dimethyl‐4‐oxocyclohexa‐2, 5‐dien‐1‐ylidene)hydrazinyl)benzoate
Authors: Basu Baul Tushar S. , Linden Anthony 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTwo new dialkyltin(IV) complexes of compositions [Me2Sn(LH)2(MeOH)] (1) and [nBu2Sn(LH)2(H2O)] (2) [LH– = 2‐(2‐(3, 5‐dimethyl‐4‐oxocyclohexa‐2, 5‐dien‐1‐ylidene)hydrazinyl)benzoate] were prepared by the reactions of the carboxylate ligand (LHH′) and Me2SnO or nBu2SnO in toluene solution followed by recrystallization from methanol/toluene. In the crystal structures of 1 and 2, the central tin atom is chelated by two carboxylate anions, a solvent molecule derived from the crystallization medium, and two alkyl groups, giving rise to a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal coordination. The phenol hydrogen atom has migrated to the nitrogen atom nearest the carboxylate group, thus leading to the quinoid form of the ligand. Extensive π···π interactions between the planar ligands, coupled with O–H···O, C–H···O, and C–H···π interactions complete three‐dimensional supramolecular frameworks in each case. The solution properties were assessed from 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy.
Crystal Growth and Structure of the Barium Chloride Nitrido­tantalate(V) Ba3Cl2TaN3
Authors: Blaschkowski Björn , Dürr Oliver , Reckeweg Olaf , Schleid Thomas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTransparent, light yellow single crystals of the barium chloride nitridotantalate(V) Ba3Cl2TaN3 (hexagonal, P63cm; a = 1507.39(8) pm, c = 632.98(3) pm, c/a = 0.420; Z = 6) are obtained by the reaction of the barium azide chloride Ba(N3)Cl or its ternary decomposition products with the container wall of arc‐welded tantalum ampoules at 900 °C after four days. Its crystal structure displays one‐dimensional chains 1∞{[TaN2/2N2/1]4–} consisting of corner‐sharing [TaN4]7– tetrahedra (d(Ta–N) = 191–200 pm), which run along [001] and arrange as hexagonal rod packing. Charge compensation of these parallel 1∞{[TaN3]4–} strands occurs via Ba2+ cations and Cl– anions erecting a three‐dimensional network 3∞{[Ba3Cl2]4+} (d(Ba–Cl) = 318–339 pm) with narrow channels apt to embed the chains. Several Ba–N contacts ranging between 264 and 319 pm secure the interconnection between both structural arrays and complete the coordination numbers of the Ba2+ cations to seven or eight.
Pb2PdO2(OH)2 and Pb2PdO(OH)4(H2O): Synthesis and Crystal Growth at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Komarek Alexander Christoph , Merz Patrick , Guo Hanjie , Suard Emmanuelle , Chen Jin‐Ming , Felser Claudia , Jansen Martin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNew Pb2PdO2(OH)2 and Pb2PdO(OH)4(H2O) were synthesized at ambient conditions from respective KOH alkaline and metal nitrate aqueous feed stocks in high purity and as coarse crystals. The constitutions of the two lead palladates were determined by combined powder neutron and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Both crystal structures exhibit a distinct pseudo symmetry, and settling the true lattice symmetry [Pb2PdO2(OH)2: a = 5.9512(3) Å, b = 5.9479(3) Å, c = 7.9480(2) Å, α = 90.256(4)°, β = 90.392(4)°, γ = 119.694(1)°; Pb2PdO(OH)4(H2O): a = 10.706(2) Å, b = 10.32(1) Å, c = 5.7813(3) Å, α = β = γ = 90°] required to employ high resolution synchrotron powder diffraction data. The combined use of neutron and X‐ray diffraction measurement has enabled solving the crystal structure of Pb2PdO2(OH)2 including hydrogen positions. For Pb2PdO(OH)4(H2O) only a high symmetry, heavy atoms (Pb, Pd, O) average structure was determined, since the background in the neutron data was strongly enhanced due to the high amount of incoherently scattering hydrogen atoms and considerable disorder present. The crystal structures feature unprecedent connectivities, however, as expected square‐planar coordination of palladium(II) and typical crooked surroundings of lead(II) with the 6s2 lone pair acting as a virtual ligand.
A Surface Plasmon Resonance Optical Fibre Sensor for Testing Detergent Cleaning Efficiency
Authors: Patitsa Maria , Pfeiffer Helge , Wevers Martine 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to report a feasibility study on the use of optical fibre and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for determining detergent efficiency. The concept presented comprises a miniaturised dip‐sensor for enabling automated on‐line testing. In this way, the effect of formulation, concentration and temperature on the cleaning behavior of various surfactants and commercial cleaners is investigated. For this purpose, the decladded core of an optical fibre was sputtered with gold and afterwards coated with defined layers of stearic acid or animal fat to obtain a kind of model soil. The deposition of stearic acid was performed using a Langmuir–Blodgett through, and the sensor followed on‐line the deposition of the respective monolayers by UV/VIS spectroscopy, appearing as a distinct and constant shift in wavelength. Moreover, functional coatings were applied above the gold layer to achieve a variation of the hydrophilicity of the sensor surface. The SPR sensor proved to be easy to use, accurate and flexible. It offers a new solution that could replace the existing methods for detergency sensing and with a customised design it could be a useful industry tool since the small size of the dip sensor promises massive testing. The experiment also showed that functionalising the sensing zone could act as a way to mimic the potential substrates for cleaning.
Stressors and starting points for health-promoting interventions in medical school from the students’ perspective: a qualitative study
Authors: Kötter Thomas , Pohontsch Nadine J. , Voltmer Edgar 
Published: June 2015

Introduction Medical education is considered very challenging and connected with high levels of psychosocial stress for students. The aim of this study was to identify stressors and possible starting points for health-promoting interventions from the perspective of the students themselves.
Methods We conducted two focus groups with medical students from pre-clinical and clinical semesters. We analyzed the data using content analysis following Mayring’s approach.
Results The stressors in the pre-clinical stage of medical education were more diverse and perceived as more intense than those in the clinical stage. They comprised contextual factors and individual behaviour. Participants mentioned the weekly examinations as a specific stressor. The existing absence regulations gave the participants the impression that they should not be absent through illness at any point during the course, and this idea further promoted presenteeism. Peer groups and mentoring programmes were perceived as helpful.
Conclusions Stressors and starting points for health-promoting interventions are closely related to the medical curriculum and its organization. As such, the curriculum itself—in addition to programmes aimed at improving stress management—should primarily stand at the centre of activities for enhancing students’ health.
How you look versus how you feel: Associations between BMI z‐score, body dissatisfaction, peer victimization, and self‐worth for African American and white adolescents
Authors: Sutter Carolyn , Nishina Adrienne , Adams Ryan E. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBeing overweight and having negative self‐perceptions (body dissatisfaction) can have problematic consequences for adolescents physically, socially, and psychologically. Understanding associations between weight, self‐perceptions, and peer experiences across ethnicities is particularly important given recent increases in obesity among ethnic minorities. The current study aimed to address these issues by examining Body Mass Index (BMI) z‐scores and body dissatisfaction predicting change in general self‐worth over time via peer victimization experiences in a diverse sample of 236 youth (ages 10–16 years). Body dissatisfaction predicted decreases in self‐worth over time even after controlling for BMI z‐score. BMI z‐scores predicted decreases in self‐worth over time only for white adolescents, whereas body dissatisfaction directly predicted decreases in self‐worth for African American youth and indirectly via peer victimization for white youth. Associations were also considered by gender. Implications for intervention efforts for both white and African American adolescents are discussed.
The audience effect in adolescence depends on who's looking over your shoulder
Authors: Wolf Laura K. , Bazargani Narges , Kilford Emma J. , Dumontheil Iroise , Blakemore Sarah‐Jayne 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTAdolescents have been shown to be particularly sensitive to peer influence. However, the data supporting these findings have been mostly limited to the impact of peers on risk‐taking behaviours. Here, we investigated the influence of peers on performance of a high‐level cognitive task (relational reasoning) during adolescence. We further assessed whether this effect on performance was dependent on the identity of the audience, either a friend (peer) or the experimenter (non‐peer). We tested 24 younger adolescent (10.6–14.2 years), 20 older adolescent (14.9–17.8 years) and 20 adult (21.8–34.9 years) female participants. The presence of an audience affected adolescent, but not adult, relational reasoning performance. This audience effect on adolescent performance was influenced by the participants' age, task difficulty and the identity of the audience. These findings may have implications for education, where adolescents often do classwork or homework in the presence of others.
Brief report: Bifactor modeling of general vs. specific factors of religiousness differentially predicting substance use risk in adolescence
Authors: Kim‐Spoon Jungmeen , Longo Gregory S. , Holmes Christopher J. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTReligiousness is important to adolescents in the U.S., and the significant link between high religiousness and low substance use is well known. There is a debate between multidimensional and unidimensional perspectives of religiousness (Gorsuch, 1984); yet, no empirical study has tested this hierarchical model of religiousness related to adolescent health outcomes. The current study presents the first attempt to test a bifactor model of religiousness related to substance use among adolescents (N = 220, 45% female). Our bifactor model using structural equation modeling suggested the multidimensional nature of religiousness as well as the presence of a superordinate general religiousness factor directly explaining the covariation among the specific factors including organizational and personal religiousness and religious social support. The general religiousness factor was inversely related to substance use. After accounting for the contribution of the general religiousness factor, high organizational religiousness related to low substance use, whereas personal religiousness and religious support were positively related to substance use. The findings present the first evidence that supports hierarchical structures of adolescent religiousness that contribute differentially to adolescent substance use.
Brief report: Associations between in‐person and electronic bullying victimization and missing school because of safety concerns among U.S. high school students
Authors: Steiner Riley J. , Rasberry Catherine N. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough associations between bullying and health risk behaviors are well‐documented, research on bullying and education‐related outcomes, including school attendance, is limited. This study examines associations between bullying victimization (in‐person and electronic) and missing school because of safety concerns among a nationally representative sample of U.S. high school students. We used logistic regression analyses to analyze data from the 2013 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey of students in grades 9–12. In‐person and electronic victimization were each associated with increased odds of missing school due to safety concerns compared to no bullying victimization. Having been bullied both in‐person and electronically was associated with greater odds of missing school compared to electronic bullying only for female students and in‐person bullying only for male students. Collaborations between health professionals and educators to prevent bullying may improve school attendance.
Summary of the evidence on modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia: A population‐based perspective
Authors: Baumgart Matthew , Snyder Heather M. , Carrillo Maria C. , Fazio Sam , Kim Hye , Johns Harry 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn estimated 47 million people worldwide are living with dementia in 2015, and this number is projected to triple by 2050. In the absence of a disease‐modifying treatment or cure, reducing the risk of developing dementia takes on added importance. In 2014, the World Dementia Council (WDC) requested the Alzheimer's Association evaluate and report on the state of the evidence on modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia. This report is a summary of the Association's evaluation, which was presented at the October 2014 WDC meeting. The Association believes there is sufficient evidence to support the link between several modifiable risk factors and a reduced risk for cognitive decline, and sufficient evidence to suggest that some modifiable risk factors may be associated with reduced risk of dementia. Specifically, the Association believes there is sufficiently strong evidence, from a population‐based perspective, to conclude that regular physical activity and management of cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, obesity, smoking, and hypertension) reduce the risk of cognitive decline and may reduce the risk of dementia. The Association also believes there is sufficiently strong evidence to conclude that a healthy diet and lifelong learning/cognitive training may also reduce the risk of cognitive decline.
Acetabular Reconstruction with Reinforcement Ring and Morsellised Graft: Technique and Medium-term Result
Authors: Lik Hui Ching , Cheong Cheng Hang , Wing Lau Sun , Shuen Ho Hon , Kit Chiu Chi 
Published: June 2015

Background Acetabular bone defects are commonly seen in both primary and secondary total hip arthroplasty, creating difficulties in restoring anatomical hip centres, which results in high mechanical failure rate. Methods Total hip arthroplasty with acetabular reinforcement rings were performed in 18 hips in 18 patients from 1996 to 2011 in United Christian Hospital. Both clinical and radiographical assessment were performed during follow-up. Results Eight patients died of unrelated diseases with average follow-up of 30.5 months. At the latest follow-up, none of them showed radiographic signs of loosening or migration of implants and none of them required revision surgery. The remaining 10 patients with mean age of 77.9 years (range, 65–88] at the time of operation were followed-up for an average of 67.4 months (range, 11–121). The average Harris hip score was 78.3 (range, 58.5–87). The average vertical and horizontal difference of hip centres was 1.5 mm superiorly ( p = 0.431) and 0.4 mm medially ( p = 0.619) respectively when postoperative hip centres were compared to their contralateral hips. The average inclination of the polyethylene cup was 47.8 degrees (range, 42–58). There was no evidence of radiographic loosening during our follow-up and none of them required revision surgery. Conclusion Acetabular reconstruction with the use of acetabular reinforcement rings and morsellised bone grafts showed satisfactory clinical and radiographic results at a medium-term follow-up.