bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Barley Breeding Lines Combining Preharvest Sprouting Resistance with “Canadian‐type” Malting Quality
Authors: Edney M. J. , Legge W. G. , Izydorczyk M. S. , Demeke T. , Rossnagel B. G. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTRapid onset of germination in Canadian malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) facilitates production of good quality malt but predisposes barley to preharvest sprouting (PHS). Dormancy can be bred into barley to avoid PHS but some dormancy genes negate the potential for the “Canadian‐type” malt quality associated with a rapid start to germination. The microsatellite marker, GMS001, identified lines with PHS resistance and “Canadian‐type” malt quality in a cross between an Australian cultivar, Baudin, with PHS resistance, and a Canadian malt barley breeding line, TR253, without PHS resistance. The resulting population was grown at three sites over 2 yr with select site/years malted and analyzed for quality. Rapid visco analysis indicated PHS in some barley lines with as little as 11 mm of rain near harvest. The rapid visco analysis results substantiated the importance of the marker on chromosome 5H as breeding lines with the Baudin allele were less susceptible to sprouting, although they exhibited variable malt quality. Lines with the TR253 allele were PHS susceptible but had better and more consistent malt quality. Among the lines with the Baudin allele, five with PHS resistance and consistently good malt quality were identified. Among the lines with the TR253 allele, one showed good PHS resistance and the desirable “Canadian‐type” malt quality. These lines could serve as potential parents of future genotypes combining PHS resistance with good “Canadian‐type” malting potential.
Spatial Adaptabilities of Spring Maize to Variation of Climatic Conditions
Authors: Liu Yuee , Hou Peng , Xie Ruizhi , Li Shaokun , Zhang Houbao , Ming Bo , Ma Daling , Liang Shumin 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTEnvironmental conditions have important effects on maize (Zea mays L.) growth. To examine spatial variation in maize yield and aboveground biomass and to understand differences in the response of maize yield and aboveground biomass to climatic factors under various ecological conditions, we conducted experiments from 2007 to 2010 at 34 locations in seven provinces in the spring maize region of northern China between 35°11′ N lat and 48°08′ N lat. We used a most widely cultivated maize hybrid ZD958. The maize yield and aboveground biomass (presilking and postsilking) were found to be strongly influenced by locations. A nonlinear relationship existed between the maize yields and latitude. Maize yield was the greatest (12.19 Mg ha–1) at 39°08′ N lat, and the corresponding presilking and postsilking aboveground biomass at this location were 143.41 and 215.35 g per plant, respectively. Variations in the harvest index (HI) and 1000‐kernel weight were the main reasons for yield latitudinal trends. Among the climatic factors, air temperature had the best relationships with variations in maize yield, HI, and 1000‐kernel weight. With latitudes increasing northward, presilking aboveground biomass affected by growth duration length and accumulated solar radiation increased significantly. The aboveground biomass of postsilking stage that was affected by the maximum temperature, daily mean temperature, and growing degree days decreased significantly with latitudes increasing northward. However, there were no significant changes of total aboveground biomass with latitudes increasing northward.
Raffinose and Stachyose Accumulate in Hypocotyls during Drying of Common Buckwheat Seedlings
Authors: Brenac Patrick , Horbowicz Marcin , Smith Margaret E. , Obendorf Ralph L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTDuring seed maturation, common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) embryos accumulate sucrose and α‐galactosides of d‐chiro‐inositol (named fagopyritols), which are rare in plant tissues. Although fagopyritols are degraded rapidly during germination, buckwheat seedlings survive desiccation with resumption of growth of hypocotyl tissues but not radicle tissues on rehydration. The objectives were to determine if changes in soluble carbohydrates in hypocotyl and radicle tissues of buckwheat correlated with differential tissue survival after drying seedlings to 0.06 g of water g−1 fresh weight. Buckwheat seeds completed germination between 12 and 24 h after the start of imbibition (HAI) coincident with the loss of survival of radicle tissues after drying. By contrast, hypocotyl tissues of the seedlings at 24, 36, and 48 HAI survived drying and on rehydration formed adventitious roots. During buckwheat seed maturation, embryo axis tissues accumulated sucrose and fagopyritols (64 and 81 mg g−1 dry weight) but little raffinose and stachyose (0.2 and 1.7 mg g−1). During seed hydration, fagopyritols in axis tissues were hydrolyzed before the completion of germination. Sucrose, myo‐inositol, and d‐chiro‐inositol are present in both hypocotyls and radicles before and after drying. During drying of 48‐HAI buckwheat seedlings, hypocotyl tissues accumulated much more raffinose (23.2 mg g−1) and stachyose (8.3 mg g−1) than fagopyritols (2.8 mg g−1) whereas none of these compounds accumulated in radicle tissues that were sensitive to drying. An apparent shift in biosynthetic pathways within hypocotyls resulted in raffinose and stachyose accumulation but not fagopyritols during drying of common buckwheat seedlings. The survival of hypocotyl tissues correlated with an increase in concentrations of raffinose, stachyose, and sucrose.
Dual‐Purpose Wheat Grain Yield as Affected by Growth Habit and Simulated Grazing Intensity
Authors: Butchee J. Dillon , Edwards Jeffrey T. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTCattle stocking density and variety selection influence dual‐purpose winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and grain yield. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of growth habit and simulated grazing intensity on dual‐purpose, hard red winter wheat canopy closure, fertile spike number, and grain yield. Experiments were conducted during the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 wheat production seasons at Stillwater and Lahoma, OK. Grazing intensity was simulated by mowing two hard red winter wheat varieties with differing growth habits (prostrate or erect) to 3‐, 7.5‐, and 12‐cm heights at approximately 4‐wk intervals. Mowing was initiated in early November and terminated at first hollow stem (Feekes 5–6) in the spring, which correspond to typical cattle (Bos taurus) placement and removal from wheat pasture in the region. Simulated grazing to a 12‐cm height did not affect winter wheat grain yield at either location, but the 3‐cm mowing height reduced grain yield of winter wheat compared with the nondefoliated treatment regardless of growth habit or variety. Fractional canopy closure of at least 0.53 before winter dormancy (Feekes 3–4) or 0.62 at grazing termination was required to obtain 95% of asymptotic yield potential within an early‐sown, dual‐purpose production system. Grazing to a height of 3 cm significantly reduced wheat ability to achieve these critical values and grazing at a 12‐cm height generally ensured that these critical fractional canopy closure values would be maintained.
Asymmetric deformation of bubble shape: cause or effect of vortex-shedding?
Authors: Wichterle Kamil , Večeř Marek , Růžička Marek 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTwo perpendicular projections of rising bubbles were observed in counter-current downstream diverging flow. Evidently, the bubbles did not enter the boundary layer at the channel wall and a plug liquid flow assumption was acceptable in our experimental equipment. This confirmed that the experiment was appropriate for simulation of bubble rises in a quiescent liquid column. Recent data obtained by a high-speed camera permitted recording over a period of 60 s. Image analysis by a tailor-made program provided a time-series of quantities related to the position, size, and shape of bubbles. In addition to determination of the aspect ratio of the equivalent oblate ellipsoid, deviation from this shape was investigated in respect of the difference between the bubble’s centre of mass and the geometrical centre of bubble projection. Autocorrelation of the data indicated that the bubble inclination oscillated harmonically with a frequency of 5–10 Hz; cross correlation showed that the horizontal shift of the centre of mass, as well as the horizontal velocity, increased with increasing bubble inclination, and the vertical shift of the centre of mass increased with an increases in the absolute value of the bubble inclination. There is no significant phase shift in the oscillation of these quantities. The bulky bottom side of the bubbles is in accordance with the model of bubble oscillation induced by instability of the equilibrium of gravity and surface tension forces. The oscillation frequency dependence on surface forces (Eötvös number) is evident, while viscosity does not play a significant role in low-viscosity liquids. Therefore, vortex-shedding is more likely to be an effect of the oscillation and not its cause.
Immobilisation of Clostridium spp. for production of solvents and organic acids
Authors: Dolejš Igor , Rebroš Martin , Rosenberg Michal 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis review summarises the high potential of immobilised cells systems for the fermentative production of compounds, mainly produced by representatives of the Clostridium genus. Microorganisms of Clostridium species are recognised as good producers of a wide range of chemicals in almost every sector of industry. The combination of this microorganism with its immobilisation opens up new possibilities and renders the fermentation process more sophisticated than in a free-cell system. This review provides a comprehensive summary of techniques used in immobilisation of Clostridium species with regard to specific products and types of fermentation. In addition, comparisons of particular types of immobilisation techniques used in fermentation processes are summarised by specific products.
5-Bromo- and 3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamides — inhibitors of photosynthesis
Authors: Kráľová Katarína , Šeršeň František , Peško Matúš , Waisser Karel , Kubicová Lenka 
Published: June 2013

Abstract5-Bromo-(Br-PBA) and 3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamides (Br2-PBA) inhibited photosynthetic electron transport (PET) and their inhibitory efficiency depended on the compound lipophilicity as well as on the electronic properties of the R substituent in the N-phenyl moiety. Br-PBA showed higher PET inhibiting activity than Br2-PBA with the same R substituent. The most effective inhibitors in the tested series were the derivatives with R = 3-F (Br-PBA; IC50 = 4.3 μmol dm−3) and R = 3-Cl (Br2-PBA; IC50 = 8.6 μmol dm−3). Bilinear dependence of the PET inhibiting activity on the lipophilicity of the compounds as well as on the Hammett constant, σ, of the R substituent was observed for both investigated series. Using EPR spectroscopy it was found that the site of action of the tested compounds in the photosynthetic apparatus is situated on the donor side of PS 2, in D· or in the Z·/D· intermediates. Interaction of the studied compounds with chlorophyll a and aromatic amino acids present in the pigment-protein complexes mainly in photosystem 2 was documented by fluorescence spectroscopy.
Thermal stability, antioxidant activity, and photo-oxidation of natural polyphenols
Authors: Volf Irina , Ignat Ioana , Neamtu Mariana , Popa Valentin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe thermal stability (60°C, 80°C, 100°C), antioxidant activity, and ultraviolet C light (UV-C) stability of standard polyphenols solutions (catechin, gallic acid, and vanillic acid) and of vegetal extracts from spruce bark and grape seeds were investigated. Exposure of the standard solutions and vegetal extracts to high temperatures revealed that phenolic compounds were also relatively stable (degradations ranged from 15 % to 30 % after 4 h of exposure). The highest antioxidant activity was obtained for ascorbic acid and gallic acid followed by catechin and caffeic acid and the grape seeds. The results show that, after 3 h of UV-C exposure, approximately 40 % of vanillic acid, 50 % of gallic acid, and 83 % of catechin were removed. Similar degradation rates were observed for vegetal extracts, with the exception of the degradation of catechin (40 %) from grape seeds. In addition, the photo-oxidation of polyphenols in the presence of food constituents such as citric acid, ascorbic acid, sodium chloride, and sodium nitrate was assessed.
Seventeen Years’ Experience of Peritoneal Dialysis in Iran: First Official Report of the Iranian Peritoneal Dialysis Registry
Authors: Najafi Iraj , Alatab Sudabeh , Atabak Shahnaz , Majelan Nader Nouri , Sanadgol Houshang , Makhdoomi Khadijeh , Ardalan Mohammad Reza , Azmandian Jalal , Shojaee Abbas , Keshvari Amir , Hosseini Mostafa 
Published: June 2013

Background To facilitate planning, national renal registries provide reliable and up-to-date information on numbers of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), developing trends, treatment modalities, and outcomes. To that end, the present publication represents the first official report from Iranian Peritoneal Dialysis Registry. Methods The prevalence, demographics, and clinical characteristics of patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) were collected from all PD centers throughout the country. Results By the end of 2009, the prevalence of ESRD was 507 per million population in Iran. The most common renal replacement modality was hemodialysis (51.2%), followed by kidney transplantation (44.7%), and then PD (4.1%). The mean age of PD patients was 46 years, and the most common causes of ESRD were diabetes (33.5%), hypertension (24.4%), and glomerulonephritis (8.2%). Overall patient mortality was 25%, with cardiac events (46%), cerebral stroke (10%), and infection (8%) being the main causes of death. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survivals were 89%, 64%, and 49% respectively. The most common cause of dropout was peritonitis (17.6%). Staphylococcus (coagulase-negative and S. aureus) was the most prevalent causative organism in peritonitis episodes; however, in more than 50% of episodes, a sterile culture was reported. Mean baseline serum hemoglobin and albumin were 10.7 g/dL and 3.6 g/dL respectively. Conclusions Our registry results, representing the second largest report of PD in the Middle East, is almost comparable to available regional data. We hope that, in future, we can improve our shortcomings and lessen the gap with developed countries.
Localized Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis Constricting the Terminal Ileum—an Unusual Appearance Requiring Surgical Intervention
Authors: Habib Sayed M. , Hagen Sander M. , Korte Mario R. , Zietse Robert , Dor Frank J.M.F. , Betjes Michiel G.H. 
Published: June 2013

Background Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). It is characterized by encapsulation of the bowel, causing symptoms of intestinal obstruction. Exclusive involvement of parts of the bowel may occur and may be more common than previously thought. Our main objective was to investigate and report on patients with localized EPS. Methods Between July 2002 and December 2011, 9 of 17 EPS patients were referred to our department of surgery for a diagnostic laparotomy. Three of the 9 cases showed localized encapsulation of the small bowel and were selected for the purpose of this study. Results All 3 patients presented with an acute inflammatory state and symptoms of bowel obstruction. In 2 patients, EPS became clinically overt after kidney transplantation; the third patient was diagnosed while on hemodialysis. All shared a history of PD ranging from 31 to 101 months. In none of the patients was radiologic examination conclusive, although 2 showed peritoneal thickening and ascites. Each patient underwent laparotomy, confirming EPS. In all cases, a thickened peritoneal membrane became apparent, predominantly covering the ileocecal region of the intestine. In addition, a constrictive membrane at the level of the terminal ileum was noted. In 2 cases, the patients underwent enterolysis and dissection of the constricting fibrotic peritoneal membrane (peritonectomy) without bowel resection. The 3rd patient was managed with parenteral nutrition and tamoxifen. The postoperative course in 1 patient was complicated by infected ascites that resolved with antibiotic treatment. Eventually, all patients were doing well, with adequate oral intake and without the need for repeat surgery. Conclusions Localized EPS may be more common than previously thought. It has a predilection for the level of the terminal ileum. We believe that an elective diagnostic laparotomy should be considered early, because this procedure offers both diagnostic opportunities and therapeutic options. Localized EPS cases may benefit most from enterolysis and peritonectomy.
L'hôpital compétitif. Et l'humain, dans tout ça ?
Authors: Helman André 
Published: June 2013

Le système public de soins à la française, en particulier l’hôpital – réalité et symbole auxquels les Français sont si attachés –, sont soumis depuis 1996, quelle que soit la couleur politique des gouvernements successifs, à un flux incessant de réformes destinées à en améliorer la gestion, l’efficacité, la sécurité, voire à développer sa compétitivité. Dans cette volonté de l’adapter au contexte néolibéral, de le contraindre à en adopter les principes, deux exemples suggèrent que les mots employés pour désigner les réformes et les intentions affichées pour les justifier sont loin d’être univoques : la démarche qualité a surtout conduit à instituer une culture de l’évaluation quantitative, tandis que la tarification à l’activité a ouvert la voie vers une gestion commerciale des hôpitaux, à l’image de celle des cliniques privées. De ce parcours complexe et coûteux, le « don de soins » ne sort pas grandi. Les hôpitaux, certes, sont plus modernes et plus sûrs, mais le patient, le plus souvent seul avec sa souffrance, n’y trouve pas son compte.
Avoir un don. Du don en régime de singularité
Authors: Heinich Nathalie 
Published: June 2013

Le don ne signifie pas seulement le fait de donner quelque chose à quelqu’un, au mode actif, mais aussi le fait que quelque chose soit donné à un sujet, au mode passif. Le don en ce second sens renvoie essentiellement, dans notre culture, au don artistique. Il est associé à la passivité de l’inspiration en même temps qu’au don de soi par la vocation, et il est diamétralement opposé à la valeur démocratique de mérite. Seule la « grâce » permet de conférer de la grandeur au don inné, immérité. C’est pourquoi le don artistique est, pour les artistes créateurs, la principale objectivation, dans le monde moderne, de la Grâce religieuse, de même que l’est, pour les artistes interprètes à l’état de vedettes, le don de soi par la présence.
Les nouvelles mesures des performances économiques et du progrès social. Le risque de l'économicisme
Authors: Jany-Catrice Florence , Méda Dominique 
Published: June 2013

Les indicateurs traditionnellement utilisés pour représenter la richesse et le progrès sont incapables de rendre visibles les risques auxquels nos sociétés sont désormais confrontées. Les limites du PIB ont certes été reconnues par la Commission sur la mesure des performances économiques et le progrès social en 2009. Mais cette reconnaissance officielle s’est accompagnée d’un regain d’intérêt pour la monétarisation du social et du vivant et pour les indicateurs subjectifs. Ce virage s’est opéré au détriment d’une approche plus « holistique » et plus démocratique, promue par les premiers porteurs de la cause des « nouveaux indicateurs de richesse », dont les auteurs font partie. L’article s’intéresse dans un premier moment aux risques de la monétarisation, avant d’analyser la multiplication du recours aux enquêtes subjectives puis de revenir sur les expériences démocratiques alternatives qui apparaissent un peu partout dans le monde et peuvent sans doute être source de transformations.
Contenant malléable, cadre, dispositif et nouvelles configurations du « faire famille » : la fonction accueil trampolino
Authors: Benghozi Pierre 
Published: June 2013

La caractéristique des nouvelles identités familiales est d’être structurées non pas en référence à un ordre symbolique filiatif vertical, mais sur la modélisation d’un maillage du lien affiliatif, horizontal. Dans la continuité de José Bleger, avec la question du dispositif, se pose ici essentiellement celle d’une « psychanalyse du cadre psychanalytique ».La particularité sera ici de mettre en tension la dimension garante du cadre avec sa disponibilité, son caractère malléable, sa capacité à accueillir et à contenir des contenants familiaux et sociaux eux-mêmes en transformation. La particularité de ces approches est de penser une clinique de l’étayage des configurations de liens familiaux et sociaux en souffrance. Pour nous, le cadre théorique sur lequel s’adosse l’approche thérapeutique psychanalytique familiale se fonde sur la conceptualisation du maillage des contenants généalogiques, donc dans une perspective psychanalytique des liens psychiques de filiation et d’affiliation. Mais alors qu’avec le dispositif le cadre externe peut évoluer, la référence rigoureuse au cadre interne théorique et la posture subjective psychanalytique d’étayage de l’analyste reste centrale.
Changement des types d'engagement et des structures familiales et évolution des dispositifs thérapeutiques
Authors: Lemaire Jean-Georges , Falguière Jacqueline 
Published: June 2013

D’importantes évolutions de la structure familiale sont en cours, en lien avec les transformations socioculturelles et d’autres perceptions de la temporalité. Les différences générationnelles sont estompées, et la « certitude d’appartenance générationnelle », reconnue, raisonnée, n’est pas toujours ressentie, dans un contexte où les processus identitaires sont remis en cause.Or, le « lien amoureux » fait resurgir les traces originaires de l’indistinction initiale propre à tout vivant au sein de son « enveloppe » (pseudo) maternelle et la problématique de « l’unité duelle ». Moi et Nous s’interpénètrent au risque que le « Je » de l’un (ou de chacun) se sente menacé par son enveloppe originaire, ce « Nous », en lequel chacun s’est « extasié » initialement, ou par l’« emprise » de l’Objet d’amour prenant la figure menaçante d’un dévorateur.Ces phénomènes socioculturels ou subjectifs soulignent la différence radicale du groupe artificiel d’avec le groupe familial fondé sur la problématique de la génération, avec en son sein des « sous-groupes » fondamentaux. Ils suggèrent l’invention d’autres modalités de travail psychanalytique en famille.
Le visible-invisible psychique individuel et groupal
Authors: Avron Ophélia , Rouchy Jean-Claude 
Published: June 2013

Je constate un grand changement depuis mes débuts : une grande libération de la parole par rapport aux changements des structures familiales. Mais la levée de la censure modifie-t-elle structurellement les secrets-refoulements de la sexualité infantile ? Cela ne conduit pas à une évolution des dispositifs thérapeutiques, mais à un approfondissement de ma façon de travailler. Apparaissent des questions sur les limites de la maternité face à l’évolution de la sexualité féminine. Ces changements sociaux sont plus visibles dans un dispositif de groupe. Dans la pulsionnalité de l’interliaison, quelle force agit sur les individus en groupe qui les met en lien immédiatement les uns avec les autres ? Tous ces changements nous touchent aussi, nous bouleversent, changent nos normes, mais finissent toujours par questionner cet endroit non su de nous.