bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Outline of the Issue of the Need for Physical Activity among Preschool Children – As Exemplified by BiałA Podlaska Area
Authors: Plandowska Magdalena 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction. Respecting a child's need for physical activity is an extremely important factor that determines proper development of preschool children. To meet this demand children need approximately 6 hours (boys) or 5 hours and 15 minutes of activity (girls) [1]. However, for many years we have seen serious neglect in terms of meeting children's need for physical activity and for staying outdoors. The aim of this study was to define to what extent the older preschool children's need for physical activity and staying outdoors was satisfied. Material and methods. An interview with parents and an observation technique were employed in the study. The obtained data were used to draw up an activity card that included activities undertaken by a child in a period of 24 hours. An assessment of physical activity consisted of highlighting movement activities on the card and noting their duration (in minutes). A proper classification was developed to determine to what degree the examined children's need for physical activity and staying outdoors was fulfilled. Results and
conclusions. Movement activities organised in a kindergarten are the basic form of physical activity of preschool children. It is the only form of physical activity for children whose needs are not fully met (slightly more than half of the children). Children with sufficient physical activity (every third child is exposed to the activity defined as satisfactory, while every tenth child's needs are fulfilled to a very good degree) undertake extra (spontaneous) activities such as outdoor games and plays as well as activities selected by adults. The research revealed that it is necessary to increase the duration of daily physical activities at home and at a kindergarten and to hold outdoor games and plays more frequently.
The Development of Tourism at Military-Historical Structures and Sites – A Case Study of the Building Complexes of Project Riese in the Owl Mountains
Authors: Stach Elżbieta , Pawłowska Aneta , Matoga Łukasz 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction. During WWII, the Owl Mountains were the site of a large-scale military investment codenamed Riese. This project called for the construction of underground passages using concentration camp prisoners as laborers. Material and methods. On the basis of terrain inventory, analysis was conducted of the tourism management of six military-historical complexes of Project Riese and their environs. Tourists were polled to determine how attractive they found one of these - the Rzeczka complex - as a tourist destination. Results. The results obtained in the study led to the conclusion that the complexes' infrastructure and tourist attractions meet the needs of tourist activity in the area. In the case of the municipalities where complexes are located, it was determined that they are not being adequately developed. Conclusions. At present, the Project Riese complexes are seeing the development of various forms of tourism. An important problem with the development of tourism there is the conflict between the need to protect the environment and cultural heritage and the development of commercial and recreational tourism services.
Professional Development of Physiotherapy Students During Msc Studies
Authors: Rekowski Witold , Grządkowska Eliza 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction: Lack of legal regulations regarding the profession of physiotherapist in Poland results in lack of formal obligation to develop professionally which characterises other medical professions. Physiotherapists may raise their qualifications by participating in specialisation courses commissioned by the Medical Centre of Postgraduate Studies (Centrum Medyczne Kształcenia Podyplomowego). Outside the system of education, the education market offers a wide array of courses and professional training schemes. Physiotherapy students, especially MSc students, take part in such courses. The following research stems from the desire to specify the range and characteristics of professional development during MSc studies as well as to establish the factors encouraging this phenomenon. Material and methods: The research was conducted using a specially designed anonymous questionnaire. The test sample consisted of 152 second-year MSc students studying physiotherapy at a public physical education academy. Results: 3/4 of the research respondents participate in various forms of professional development available on the market, while 1/4 remain passive. Half of the students tested participated in two or more courses during their studies. Massage, physiotherapeutic methods, kinesio taping and manual therapy are the most popular course choices. Most often (62% of cases) the costs of such courses amount up to 5,000 PLN, one fifth of the students allocates up to 10,000 PLN for this purpose. The courses are mainly financed by the students' families or by the students themselves. Some social characteristics and studying conditions are factors conductive to undertaking such activity. Conclusions: Raising qualifications during studies is a widespread phenomenon. The aim of participation in courses is mainly to supplement knowledge with additional information, not available during studies. The main motives underlying such activity are cognitive reasons and improvement of one's situation in the work market.
A formula for all minors of the adjacency matrix and an application
Authors: Bapat R. B. , Lal A. K. , Pati S. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We supply a combinatorial description of any minor of the adjacency matrix of a graph. This descriptionis then used to give a formula for the determinant and inverse of the adjacency matrix, A(G), of agraph G, whenever A(G) is invertible, where G is formed by replacing the edges of a tree by path bundles.
A comparative analysis of selected parameters of roofing used in the Polish construction industry
Authors: Radziszewska-Zielina Elżbieta 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Roofing is an important element in the construction of the roof. It is also one of the essential elements of the whole building. The choice of roofing should depend on technical parameters that affect the quality of the materials used and the price. The present paper is a comparative analysis of the properties of five roofing materials selected as examples with respect to twelve parameters. As can be seen from the comparative analysis of the roofing parameters, roofing tile is by far the best material, receiving the highest score in the ranking
Possibility of Using Wood Pulp in the Preparation of Cement Composites
Authors: Kidalova Lucia , Stevulova Nadezda , Geffert Anton 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Sustainable building materials are based on the use of renewable materials instead of non-renewable. Large group of renewable materials composes of plant fibres having high tensile strength are used as fillers into building material with reinforcement function of composite. This study aimed to establish the mechanical and physical properties of cement composites with organic fillers, such as wood pulp. Wood pulp cellulose is very interesting material as reinforcement in cement which contributes to a reduction of pollutants. Varying the producing technology (wood pulp and cement ratio in mixture) it is possible to obtain composites with density from 940 to 1260 kgm-3 and with compressive strength from 1.02 to 5.44 MPa after 28 days of hardening. Based on the experimental results, cement composites with using unbleached wood pulp reach higher values than composites based on bleached wood pulp. Volume ratio of unbleached wood pulp in composites influences water absorbability of cement composites
Turbulences in Boundary Layer of Flat Plates
Authors: Tesar Alexander 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The aeroelastic assessment of turbulences appearing in boundary layer of flat plates tested in the wind tunnel is treated in present paper. The approach suggested takes into account multiple functions in the analysis of flat plates subjected to laminar and turbulent wind forcing. Analysis and experimental assessments in the aerodynamic tunnel are presented. Some results obtained are discussed
Optimization of the Operation of Green Buildings applying the Facility Management
Authors: Somorová Viera 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Nowadays, in the field of civil engineering there exists an upward trend towards environmental sustainability. It relates mainly to the achievement of energy efficiency and also to the emission reduction throughout the whole life cycle of the building, i.e. in the course of its implementation, use and liquidation. These requirements are fulfilled, to a large extent, by green buildings. The characteristic feature of green buildings are primarily highly-sophisticated technical and technological equipments which are installed therein. The sophisticated systems of technological equipments need also the sophisticated management. From this point of view the facility management has all prerequisites to meet this requirement. The paper is aimed to define the facility management as an effective method which enables the optimization of the management of supporting activities by creating conditions for the optimum operation of green buildings viewed from the aspect of the environmental conditions
Особливості цифрових позначень у письмі міських канцелярій Руського воєводства XVI ст. (на матеріалах Центрального державного історичного архіву України, м. Львів)/ Specyfika cyfrowej numeracji w dokumentach kancelarii miejskich województwa ruskiego w XVI w. (na podstawie materiałów Centralnego Państwowego Archiwum Historycznego we Lwowie)
Authors: Barabash Taras 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPecularities of Figures in Writings of City Secretariat of Rus Voivodeship in the 16th Century (based on the documents of Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine, Lviv) Distinctive “Ukrainian province” of Latin Gothic writing had been formed since the middle of the 14
Intergranular Corrosion in Retaining Rings Made of X39CrMo17-1 and X39Cr13
Authors: Fischer B. , Neidel A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A number of retaining rings used in fuel gas piping assemblies of large stationary heavy-duty industrial gas turbines were found broken upon reception at the gas turbine manufacturer's plant. While the pipes were made of AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel, 1.4541, X6CrNiTi18-10, the specified material of the subject locking rings is the martensitic stainless chromium steel X39CrMo17-1, 1.4122. In fact, however, the failed snap rings consisted of the lower-chromium X39Cr13, 1.4031. The fractured retaining rings all originated from a particular North American supply chain. In contrast, the same pipe assemblies delivered by an alterna­tive second-source European supplier did not show these remarkable fractures in their retain­ing rings. Also, they were indeed made of the specified higher-chromium material. It was later discovered that the supplier that shipped the faulty product employed a peculiar wet cleaning process without proper post-cleaning drying. The conclusion of the metallurgical failure analysis was that the subject retaining rings failed by intergranular corrosion due to sensitisation from heat treatment and wet cleaning residues that remained on the product and caused corrosion during shipment. The erroneous material selection, violating the specifica­tion, contributed to the failure.
Durability of Multiple-Anticorrosive Bolts in a Corrosive Environment
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Zheng , He Chuan , Zhu Pei , Li Fuhai 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper first introduces the structure of multiple-anticorrosive bolts and the anticorrosive mechanism. To thoroughly analyze the durability of multiple-anticorrosive bolts in a corrosive environment, different corrosive environments were simulated and experiments on the durability of double- and multiple-anticorrosive bolts were conducted. Apparent changes were observed and the bond strength after corrosion was measured. From these test data, the resistance to corrosion was compared for the two types of bolts, and formulae for the service life of double- and multiple-anticorrosive bolts were derived in different corrosive environments. At the same time, a number of modification coefficients for optimization of the service-life formulae were put forward. The anticorrosion performance of the multiple-anticorrosive bolt was mainly studied and compared with that of the double-anticorrosion bolt, and the multiple-anticorrosive bolt was verified to have superior durability in a corrosive environment. The conclusions drawn in this study can be applied in the design of anticorrosive bolts to be used in an underground structure and later applied in durability analysis, providing reference values for actual engineering.
Tradition and Liturgy: Centralising Tendencies of Lutheran Church Architecture in Hungary during the Interwar Period
Authors: Baku Eszter 
Published: June 2014

The majority of the architectural research focusing on Hungarian architecture in the Interwar period, has to date, mainly analysed buildings with regard to international modern architecture and the steps leading to the development of modern church architecture. This research has however, only marginally expanded to include Evangelical Lutheran church architecture. The present article undertakes a complex research on a special building type, which increased between the World Wars and was determined by a geometric centralised ground plan based on both national and international architectural tradition. Lutheran churches built between the World Wars with central ground plans are analysed from both a liturgical perspective, examining the theological aspect and the use of space, and also from the tradition of the ground plans.
American Cancer Society prostate cancer survivorship care guidelines
Authors: Skolarus Ted A. , Wolf Andrew M.D. , Erb Nicole L. , Brooks Durado D. , Rivers Brian M. , Underwood Willie , Salner Andrew L. , Zelefsky Michael J. , Aragon‐Ching Jeanny B. , Slovin Susan F. , Wittmann Daniela A. , Hoyt Michael A. , Sinibaldi Victoria J. , Chodak Gerald , Pratt‐Chapman Mandi L. , Cowens‐Alvarado Rebecca L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAnswer questions and earn CME/CNEProstate cancer survivors approach 2.8 million in number and represent 1 in 5 of all cancer survivors in the United States. While guidelines exist for timely treatment and surveillance for recurrent disease, there is limited availability of guidelines that facilitate the provision of posttreatment clinical follow‐up care to address the myriad of long‐term and late effects that survivors may face. Based on recommendations set forth by a National Cancer Survivorship Resource Center expert panel, the American Cancer Society developed clinical follow‐up care guidelines to facilitate the provision of posttreatment care by primary care clinicians. These guidelines were developed using a combined approach of evidence synthesis and expert consensus. Existing guidelines for health promotion, surveillance, and screening for second primary cancers were referenced when available. To promote comprehensive follow‐up care and optimal health and quality of life for the posttreatment survivor, the guidelines address health promotion, surveillance for prostate cancer recurrence, screening for second primary cancers, long‐term and late effects assessment and management, psychosocial issues, and care coordination among the oncology team, primary care clinicians, and nononcology specialists. A key challenge to the development of these guidelines was the limited availability of published evidence for management of prostate cancer survivors after treatment. Much of the evidence relies on studies with small sample sizes and retrospective analyses of facility‐specific and population databases. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:225–249. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
A Randomized Study of Standard versus Double dose Oseltamivir for Treating Influenza in the Community
Authors: Dixit Rashmi , Khandaker Gulam , Hay Peter , McPhie Kenneth , Taylor Janette , Rashid Harunor , Heron Leon , Dwyer Dominic , Booy Robert 
Published: June 2014

Background The neuraminidase inhibitors are the treatment of choice for influenza virus infection. Oseltamivir-resistant (OsR) strains of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 are described, but the effect of higher dose oseltamivir on efficacy, safety and emergence of resistance has not been addressed in the developed setting in outpatients. The objectives of the study were to compare standard dose (SD) versus double dose (DD) oseltamivir regimens for frequency of detecting OsR influenza virus, clinical disease resolution, virological clearance and adverse events. Methods This was an unblinded randomized controlled trial of community-based patients with confirmed influenza. Participants were randomized to a 5-day regimen of either SD or DD oseltamivir. Results Of 52 participants (aged 4.8–54.8 years), 25 received SD and 27 DD oseltamivir. Clinical resolution did not differ by dosing regimen ( P=0.43); neither did virological clearance differ for either influenza A ( P=0.20) or B ( P=0.70). Adverse events, predominantly gastrointestinal, were greater with DD than SD ( P=0.04). One OsR strain was detected prior to treatment and two individuals developed OsR strains during treatment, one each on SD and DD. Those with OsR strains did not appear to have a different clinical course. Conclusions DD oseltamivir did not appear to provide a clinical or virological advantage, nor reduce the emergence of oseltamivir resistance, but our study was underpowered. Adverse events occurred more frequently on DD compared to SD oseltamivir.
Targeted Delivery of α-Galactosylceramide to CD8α+ Dendritic Cells Optimizes Type I NKT Cell–Based Antitumor Responses
Authors: Macho-Fernandez Elodie , Cruz Luis Javier , Ghinnagow Reem , Fontaine Josette , Bialecki Emilie , Frisch Benoit , Trottein François , Faveeuw Christelle 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Immunotherapy aiming at enhancing innate and acquired host immunity is a promising approach for cancer treatment. The invariant NKT (iNKT) cell ligand α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) holds great promise in cancer therapy, although several concerns limit its use in clinics, including the uncontrolled response it promotes when delivered in a nonvectorized form. Therefore, development of delivery systems to in vivo target immune cells might be a valuable option to optimize iNKT cell–based antitumor responses. Using dendritic cell (DC)–depleted mice, DC transfer experiments, and in vivo active cell targeting, we show that presentation of α-GalCer by DCs not only triggers optimal primary iNKT cell stimulation, but also maintains secondary iNKT cell activation after challenge. Furthermore, targeted delivery of α-GalCer to CD8α+ DCs, by means of anti-DEC205 decorated nanoparticles, enhances iNKT cell–based transactivation of NK cells, DCs, and γδ T cells. We report that codelivery of α-GalCer and protein Ag to CD8α+ DCs triggers optimal Ag-specific Ab and cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses. Finally, we show that targeting nanoparticles containing α-GalCer and Ag to CD8α+ DCs promotes potent antitumor responses, both in prophylactic and in therapeutic settings. Our data may have important implications in tumor immunotherapy and vaccine development.
White Lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Amiga) Increases Solubility of Minjingu Phosphate Rock, Phosphorus Balances and Maize Yields in Njoro Kenya
Authors: Lelei Joyce J. , Onwonga Richard N. 
Published: June 2014

<p>Exudation of high amounts of citrate in white lupin (<em>Lupinus albus L. cv. Amiga</em>) has the advantage of being effective in mobilization of a wide range of sparingly soluble P sources. To improve cultivation system of maize, a field experiment was conducted to assess effectiveness of white lupin (<em>Lupinus albus</em> L. cv. Amiga) in increasing solubility of minjingu phosphate rock (MPR), phosphorus balances and maize yields in Njoro sub-County, Kenya. The randomized complete block design experiment was conducted for four seasons; short (October – February) and long rain seasons (March-September) of 2010 and 2011. The treatments were; (i) fallow (F) – maize (M) rotation with triple superphosphate (TSP) applied (M<sub>TSP</sub>- F), (ii) fallow - maize rotation with MPR applied (M<sub>MPR</sub> –F), (iii) lupin (L) – maize rotation with MPR applied (M<sub>MPR</sub>- L) and (iv) maize/lupin intercrop with MPR applied (M/L<sub>MPR</sub> – F). Soil and plant P and maize grain yield were higher in M/L<sub>MPR</sub> – F (with additional lupin grain yield) and M<sub>TSP</sub>– F treatments. All treatments resulted in positive P balances at the end of two years with highest values in M<sub>TSP</sub>– F treatment and lowest in M/L<sub>MPR</sub> – F. Intercropping lupin with maize amid application of MPR is recommended for enhanced maize performance in the farming systems of resource poor farmers. Measurement of available soil nitrogen and comparison of lupin with other legumes in solubilizing MPR is recommended.</p><p> </p>
Vers une différenciation des trajectoires de forte croissance (FC continue vs FC discontinue)
Authors: Claveau Nathalie , Perez Muriel , Prim-Allaz Isabelle 
Published: June 2014

Le focus des scientifiques et des politiques se porte assez volontiers sur les cas de forte croissance (FC) continue, les « gazelles de course » définies comme des entreprises affichant quatre années successives de forte croissance (selon la définition proposée par Birch, 1979). L’État, en soutenant ces travaux et ces trajectoires, voit là certainement un moyen de rencontrer rapidement ses propres objectifs (de puissance industrielle, d’exportation, d’emploi, etc.). Cependant, ce focus sur la FC continue ne contribue-t-il pas, d’une part, à façonner une vision erronée du développement d’une PME, vue comme « une forme organisationnelle qui doit nécessairement grossir rapidement pour devenir une ETI (Entreprise de Taille Intermédiaire) », et d’autre part, à alimenter des raisonnements simplistes tels que « les firmes qui croissent fortement en continu sont plus performantes que les autres » ? De fait, peu d’études réalisées sur le thème de la FC traitent de son aspect continu ou discontinu. Qu’en est-il exactement de la supériorité d’un processus continu sur un processus discontinu ? Un processus discontinu présente-t-il d’autres atouts ? Les entreprises gérant une FC discontinue ont-elles les mêmes caractéristiques et capacités que ces « gazelles » ?Afin de mieux comprendre la nature des différences entre ces deux processus de croissance, cet article propose de comparer un échantillon d’entreprises en FC continue, correspondant classiquement à la notion de gazelles, un échantillon en FC discontinue, ainsi qu’un échantillon témoin sans croissance, sur des variables démographiques (âge et taille) et des variables financières (l’accès aux ressources financières et la performance financière). Cette analyse descriptive préliminaire permet de constater que la forte croissance continue et la forte croissance discontinue ne nécessitent pas les mêmes dispositifs d’aides de la part des organismes publics et ouvre des perspectives d’approfondissement.