bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaemia in elective orthopaedic surgery – Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia
Authors: Kearney B. , To J. , Southam K. , Howie D. , To B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundAn anaemia clinic was established to improve the preoperative management of elective orthopaedic patients scheduled for arthroplasty. This paper is a report on the first 100 patients assessed.AimTo assess the incidence and causes of anaemia in patients on a waiting list for elective arthroplasty in a public hospital and to assess the impact of anaemia detection in this patient population.MethodsPatients attending an Anaemia Clinic for elective orthopaedic surgical patients, during March 2010 to June 2013 were studied. Outcome measures included change in haemoglobin preoperative results and perioperative transfusion rates by preoperative haemoglobin.ResultsSeventeen per cent of patients scheduled for elective surgery were found to be anaemic. Of the 100 patients who attended, approximately half were found to be iron deficient and the remainder had anaemia of chronic disease. Serum ferritin <30 µg/L alone did not identify iron deficiency in 80% of patients with iron deficiency. Patients with iron deficient anaemia were able to be treated, in all cases, to achieve a significant increase in preoperative haemoglobin. The general unavailability of erythropoietin limited effective intervention for the non‐iron‐deficient anaemic patients. Seven patients had their surgery cancelled because of the screening programme.ConclusionsHalf of the anaemic patients in a joint replacement screening clinic were iron deficient, and treatment was effective in improving the pre‐operative haemoglobin and reducing perioperative transfusion rates. This screening process should improve patient outcome. Another important finding in this group of patients is that ferritin levels cannot be reliably used as the sole indicator in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia in this group of patients undergoing elective arthroplasty.
Interleukin‐17‐ and interleukin‐22‐secreting myelin‐specific CD4+ T cells resistant to corticoids are related with active brain lesions in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Wing Ana Cristina , Hygino Joana , Ferreira Thais B. , Kasahara Taissa M. , Barros Priscila O. , Sacramento Priscila M. , Andrade Regis M. , Camargo Solange , Rueda Fernanda , Alves‐Leon Soniza V. , Vasconcelos Claudia Cristina , Alvarenga Regina , Bento Cleonice A. M. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryMultiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be an autoimmune disorder. It is believed that immunological events in the early stages have great impact on the disease course. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the cytokine profile of myelin basic protein (MBP)‐specific T cells from MS patients in the early phase of the disease and correlate it to clinical parameters, as well as to the effect of in vitro corticoid treatment. Peripheral T cells from MS patients were stimulated with MBP with our without hydrocortisone for 5 days. The cytokines level were determined by ELISA. The number of active brain lesions was determined by MRI scans, and the neurological disabilities were assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale scores. Our results demonstrated that MS‐derived T cells responded to MBP by producing high levels of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cytokines. Although the production of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, IL‐17 and IL‐22 was less sensitive to hydrocortisone inhibition, only IL‐17 and IL‐22 levels correlated with active brain lesions. The ability of hydrocortisone to inhibit IL‐17 and IL‐22 production by MBP‐specific CD4+ T cells was inversely related to the number of active brain lesions. Finally, the production of both cytokines was significantly higher in cell cultures from Afrodescendant patients and it was less sensitive to hydrocortisone inhibition. In summary, our data suggest that IL‐17‐ and IL‐22‐secreting CD4+ T cells resistant to corticoids are associated with radiological activity of the MS in early stages of the disease, mainly among Afrodescendant patients who, normally, have worse prognosis.
Sleep problems and associated comorbidities among adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Esbensen A. J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundSleep problems, including sleep apnoea and behavioural sleep disturbances, are common among adults with Down syndrome (DS). Despite a preliminary understanding of potential medical and behavioural comorbidities of these sleep problems among children with DS, little is known about comorbid conditions associated with these sleep problems among adults with DS. Understanding causes and sequelae of sleep problems in this ageing population is essential to providing quality health screening and treatment. The current study examines the physical health problems, mental health conditions, functional abilities and behavioural problems associated with sleep apnoea and behavioural sleep disturbances among adults with DS.MethodFamily caregivers participated in clinical interviews and completed questionnaires, providing reports regarding 75 adults with DS. Caregivers reported on sleep problems, physical and mental health conditions, daily living skills and behaviours regarding their ageing family member with DS.ResultsSleep apnoea was associated with more common other respiratory concerns, and more frequent visits to physicians, but not with some expected medical comorbidities (cardiac). Behavioural sleep disturbances (delayed sleep onset, night‐time awakenings and morning awakenings) were associated with poorer health, more frequent overnight hospital and emergency department visits, more common cardiac conditions, less common thyroid condition, more common mental health conditions (anxiety, depression and dementia) and a higher rate of daytime behaviour problems.ConclusionThe study findings suggest that there are differential correlates for the various sleep problems in adults with DS, which warrant attention when screening for medical and mental health comorbidities, assessing behavioural problems and in treatment planning for ageing adults with DS.
In Vitro Comparison of the Bond Strength between Ceramic Repair Systems and Ceramic Materials and Evaluation of the Wettability
Authors: Kocaağaoğlu Hasan , Manav Taha , Albayrak Haydar 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeWhen fracture of an all‐ceramic restoration occurs, it can be necessary to repair without removing the restoration. Although there are many studies about the repair of metal‐ceramic restorations, there are few about all‐ceramic restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength between ceramic repair systems and esthetic core materials and to evaluate the wettability of all‐ceramic core materials.Materials and MethodsDisk‐like specimens (N = 90) made of three dental ceramic infrastructure materials (zirconia ceramic, alumina ceramic, glass ceramic) were polished with silicon carbide paper, prepared for bonding (abrasion with 30 μm diamond rotary cutting instrument). Thirty specimens of each infrastructure were obtained. Each infrastructure group was divided into three subgroups; they were bonded using 3 repair systems: Bisco Intraoral Repair Kit, Cimara & Cimara Zircon Repair System, and Clearfil Repair System. After 1200 thermocycles, shear bond strength was measured in a universal testing machine at a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. In addition, the contact angle values of the infrastructures after surface treatments were examined for wettability. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.ResultsAlthough there were no significant differences among the repair systems (p > 0.05) in the glass ceramic and zirconia groups, a significant difference was found among the repair systems in alumina infrastructure (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences among the infrastructures (p > 0.05); however, a statistically significant difference was found among the repair systems (p < 0.05). No difference was found among the infrastructures and repair systems in terms of contact angle values.ConclusionsCimara & Cimara Zircon Repair System had higher bond strength values than the other repair systems. Although no difference was found among the infrastructures and repair systems, contact wettability angle was decreased by surface treatments compared with polished surfaces.
Associations of Truancy, Perceived School Performance, and Mental Health With Alcohol Consumption Among Adolescents
Authors: Holtes Muriel , Bannink Rienke , Joosten ‐ van Zwanenburg Evelien , van As Els , Raat Hein , Broeren Suzanne 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study examined associations of truancy, perceived school performance, and mental health with adolescents' week, weekend, and binge drinking.METHODSA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 1167 secondary school students of Dutch ethnicity (mean age, 15.9 years, SD = 0.69). Alcohol consumption, truancy, perceived school performance, and mental health status were assessed with self‐report questionnaires. Ordinal regression analyses were performed to assess the associations.RESULTSTruancy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70‐3.77) and poorer mental health (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.07) were associated with binge drinking more often. Truancy (OR = 1.89; 95% CI, 1.14‐3.16) and poorer mental health (OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.09) were also associated with drinking (more) alcohol on week days. Furthermore, truancy (OR = 2.60; 95% CI, 1.76‐3.83) and having an average (OR = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.19‐2.77) or less than average (OR = 3.65; 95% CI, 1.93‐6.90) perceived school performance were associated with drinking (more) alcohol on the weekend.CONCLUSIONSFindings of this study suggest that adolescents who are truant and/or have a poor mental health status are at increased risk of binge and week drinking. Furthermore, adolescents who are truant and/or have an average or less than average perceived school performance are at increased risk of weekend drinking.
Comparing School‐Based Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programming: Mixed Outcomes in an At‐Risk State
Authors: Oman Roy F. , Merritt Breanca T. , Fluhr Janene , Williams Jean M. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of a national comprehensive teen pregnancy prevention (TPP) intervention to a national abstinence‐only TPP intervention on middle school students' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to teen sexual behaviors in a state with high teen birth rates.METHODSPre‐ and post‐intervention data were collected annually (2005‐2010) from seventh‐grade students to evaluate school‐based TPP programs that implemented a comprehensive (N = 3244) or abstinence‐only (N = 3172) intervention. Chi‐square and t tests, logistic regressions, and hierarchical multiple regressions examined relationships between sexuality‐related behavioral intentions, knowledge, and attitudes.RESULTSStudents in both interventions reported significant (p < .05) improvements post‐intervention. Youth in the comprehensive TPP intervention were more likely (p < .05) to have significantly improved their attitudes (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.35, 1.83, 1.23) and behavior regarding abstinence decisions in the past 3 months (OR = 1.39). The interventions' improvements in attitudes were more explanatory for behavioral intentions for students in the abstinence‐only intervention than for students in the comprehensive TPP intervention.CONCLUSIONSThe mixed results suggest the comprehensive TPP intervention was only slightly more effective than the abstinence intervention, but that changing student attitudes and perceptions may be a key component of more effective TPP interventions.
A Multilevel Study on Ethnic and Socioeconomic School Stratification and Health‐Related Behaviors Among Students in Stockholm
Authors: Olsson Gabriella , Fritzell Johan 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study examines the extent to which high alcohol consumption, drug use, and delinquency vary between schools with different socioeconomic characteristics, over and above the pupil's own sociodemographic background.METHODSAnalyses are based on data on 5484 ninth‐grade students distributed over 93 schools in Stockholm, from the 2010 Stockholm School Survey. School‐level information was retrieved from the Swedish National Agency for Education. School disadvantage was determined by combining information on the level of education among parents and the share of pupils with a nonnative background, 2 aspects that have been shown to be central to school segregation in Sweden.RESULTSResults indicate significant school‐to‐school differences in relation to all outcomes. The risk for high alcohol consumption and drug use is greater in more advantaged school settings, adjusting for individual characteristics, whereas the opposite is true in relation to criminal behavior. The school's level of collective efficacy also seems to play an important, albeit not mediating, role.CONCLUSIONSRegardless of an adolescent's own background, the risk of having adverse health behaviors is higher at certain schools compared to others. However, school socioeconomic factors do not influence health behaviors consistently; instead, it seems as if the association varies depending on the behavior under study.
Physical Activity Intensity, Lesson Context, and Teacher Interactions During an Unstructured Afterschool Physical Activity Program
Authors: Behrens Timothy K. , Miller Daniel J. , Schuna John M. , Liebert Mina L. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAfterschool programs are promising arenas to improve youth physical activity (PA) levels. During the school year for 2012‐2013, 5 elementary schools from a low‐socioeconomic status (SES) school district in southern Colorado participated in evaluation of the afterschool program entitled Keep It Moving! (KIM).METHODSIn this cross‐sectional analysis we sought to evaluate the relationships among participant PA, teacher interaction, and lesson context during an unstructured afterschool PA program. Participants were third‐fifth grade students enrolled in the KIM program at the 5 participating elementary schools and were assessed utilizing accelerometers and direct observation with the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT).RESULTSProgram participants wore the accelerometer 37.1 ± 5.4 min session−1. Approximately half of the time was spent in light PA (LPA) and 15.7 ± 5.3 min session−1 in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA). Game play was positively associated with LPA and negatively associated with MVPA. When teachers did not promote PA with students there was a positive association with sedentary activity (SA) and a negative association with MVPA.CONCLUSIONSLesson context and teacher interactions may be important factors associated with PA intensity of afterschool PA programming. Future research should address whether structured PA curricula may improve quality of afterschool PA programming.
Erectile Dysfunction, Boredom, and Hypersexuality among Coupled Men from Two European Countries
Authors: Klein Verena , Jurin Tanja , Briken Peer , Štulhofer Aleksandar 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Much of the research on the association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and possible clinical relevant hypersexuality up to now has been only descriptive in nature.

Aim
The present study aimed to explore the relationships among hypersexuality, ED, and sexual boredom in a sample of coupled community men.

Methods
An Internet-based survey was conducted in two European countries. The sample included 911 Croatian and 210 German coupled men. The survey comprised the Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory, the International Index of Erectile Function and the Sexual Boredom Scale. Poisson regression analysis was used to examine how ED, solitary sexual activities and sexual boredom were associated with hypersexuality.

Results
Among Croatian and German men, hypersexuality was significantly correlated with proneness to sexual boredom and more problems with erectile function.

Conclusions
In some men, hypersexual behavior may serve as a coping mechanism for sexual fantasy poverty-associated boredom. In addition, ED within an intimate relationship can accompany this simultaneously.
Why Desire Reasoning is Developmentally Prior to Belief Reasoning
Authors: Steglich‐Petersen Asbjørn , Michael John 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe predominant view in developmental psychology is that young children are able to reason with the concept of desire prior to being able to reason with the concept of belief. We propose an explanation of this phenomenon that focuses on the cognitive tasks that competence with the belief and desire concepts enable young children to perform. We show that cognitive tasks that are typically considered fundamental to our competence with the belief and desire concepts can be performed with the concept of desire in the absence of competence with the concept of belief, whereas the reverse is considerably less feasible.
The Omissions Account of the Knobe Effect and the Asymmetry Challenge
Authors: Paprzycka Katarzyna 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe characteristic asymmetry in intentionality attributions that is known as the Knobe effect can be explained by conjoining an orthodox theory of intentional action with a normative account of intentional omission. On the latter view: (a) omissions presuppose some normative context; (b) there are good reasons why the intentionality of omissions requires agents' knowledge rather than intention. The asymmetry in intentionality attributions in Knobe's cases can be seen to be derivative from an asymmetry in intentional omissions. The omissions account further explains the Butler problem and some related puzzles. It also safeguards the simple view of intentional action from the asymmetry challenge.
Is Free Will Necessary for Moral Responsibility?: A Case for Rethinking Their Relationship and the Design of Experimental Studies in Moral Psychology
Authors: Figdor Carrie , Phelan Mark 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPhilosophical tradition has long held that free will is necessary for moral responsibility. We report experimental results that show that the folk do not think free will is necessary for moral responsibility. Our results also suggest that experimental investigation of the relationship is ill served by a focus on incompatibilism versus compatibilism. We propose an alternative framework for empirical moral psychology in which judgments of free will and moral responsibility can vary independently in response to many factors (including beliefs about determinism). We also suggest that, in response to some factors, the necessity relation may run from responsibility to free will.
Disseminated fusariosis by Fusarium proliferatum in a patient with aplastic anaemia receiving primary posaconazole prophylaxis – case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ricna Dita , Lengerova Martina , Palackova Martina , Hadrabova Marketa , Kocmanova Iva , Weinbergerova Barbora , Pavlovsky Zdenek , Volfova Pavlina , Bouchnerova Jana , Mayer Jiri , Racil Zdenek 
Published: November 2015

SummaryDisseminated fusariosis is a life‐threatening, invasive, opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients, especially those with haematological malignancies. The prognosis is poor because these fungi are resistant to many of the available antifungal agents. We present a case of disseminated fusariosis caused by Fusarium proliferatum in a patient with severe aplastic anaemia complicated by a secondary infection of Aspergillus flavus, with a fatal outcome. We also review the documented Fusarium infections in immunocompromised hosts.
Three‐dimensional regional displacement after surgical–orthodontic correction of Class III malocclusion
Authors: Koerich L. , Ruellas A. C. O. , Paniagua B. , Styner M. , Turvey T. , Cevidanes L. H. S. 
Published: November 2015

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo investigate how displacements of maxillo‐mandibular structures are associated with each other at splint removal and 1 year post‐surgery following 1‐jaw and 2‐jaw surgeries for correction of Class III malocclusion.Setting and Sample PopulationFifty patients who underwent surgical correction with maxillary advancement only (n = 25) or combined with mandibular setback (n = 25) were prospectively enrolled in this study.MethodsCone‐beam computed tomographies were taken pre‐surgery, at splint removal and at 1 year post‐surgery. Three‐dimensional cranial base superimpositions and shape correspondence were used to measure the outcomes from pre‐surgery to splint removal (surgical changes) and splint removal to 1 year post‐surgery (post‐surgical adaptations). Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the association between the regional displacements.ResultsBoth surgery groups presented mandibular clockwise rotation with surgery and post‐surgical adaptive counterclockwise rotation. In patients treated with maxillary advancement only, the surgical changes of the maxilla were significantly correlated with chin changes. The amount and direction of chin autorotation were significantly correlated with right and left ramus autorotation. Right and left condylar displacements were significantly correlated. One year post‐surgery, adaptive displacements and bone remodeling of both rami were correlated with the chin and condylar changes. For the 2‐jaw group, the few correlations between the positional and remodeling changes in the anatomic regions of interest observed due to the surgery were different than those observed after post‐surgical adaptations, suggesting that these changes occurred independently.ConclusionOur results indicate that surgical displacements and post‐surgical adaptations are often correlated in one‐jaw surgery and are, in general, independent in two‐jaw surgery.
Reading simple and complex facial expressions in patients with major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders
Authors: Yoon Sunkyung , Kim Hyang Sook , Kim Jeong‐In , Lee Seunga , Lee Seung‐Hwan 
Published: November 2015

AimDecoding facial expression is important for psychological well‐being. This study examined facial emotion recognition of simple/complex and pleasant/unpleasant emotions in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders (AnD).MethodsPatients with MDD (n = 37), AnD (n = 36) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 40) participated in this study. The recognition accuracy of emotional faces was calculated.ResultsPatients with MDD had significantly lower recognition accuracy compared to HC. Patients with MDD exhibited lower recognition accuracy for simple emotions compared to patients with AnD and HC, and lower accuracy for complex emotions compared only to HC. Patients with AnD and HC showed comparable recognition accuracy for simple emotions, which were lower than that of patients with MDD. However, in recognition accuracy of complex emotions, AnD was not significantly different from either MDD or HC.ConclusionsPatients with MDD and AnD have a distinctive difficulty with the recognition of facial expressions. The recognition of complex emotions in patients with MDD and AnD should be studied further.