bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative and Correlative Study of Hematologic Parameters and Selective Inflammatory Biomarkers in Psoriasis
Authors: Arunadevi D. , Raghavan Vijayashree , Nott Anand 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Studies show that hematologic parameters can be used as biomarkers in systemic inflammatory skin diseases.

Materials and methodology:
A case–control study was performed between April 2018 and April 2019 on 55 newly diagnosed (age: 20–60 years), untreated, biopsy proven psoriasis patients and 55 healthy nonpsoriatic individuals with no family history of psoriasis as controls. Sociodemographic details and clinical features from the 55 patients with psoriasis were collected using a questionnaire. Severity of psoriasis was assessed by psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score. Blood samples of 110 study subjects were analyzed for the following parameters: red blood cell indices, hemoglobin, platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV), white blood cell count, differential count, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Along with this, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were also analyzed for all the samples. Highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was analyzed. Student t test for independent samples was used to compare the data obtained from the patients and the controls. Patients were divided into two groups: one group having PASI < 10 and the other group PASI > 10.

Results:
Student t test performed on psoriasis patients showed that the two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05) in the levels of red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, neutrophils, lymphocytes, NLR, red-cell distribution width (RDW), MPV, ESR, fibrinogen, and D-dimer. Out of 55 cases, hs-CRP is reactive for 11 patients from PASI < 10 (n = 36) compared to 19 patients from PASI > 10 (n = 19; P = 0.010) and had a positive correlation with MPV, ESR. RDW, NLR and ESR, ESR can be used to assess the disease severity of psoriasis and assess the response to treatment. Along with clinical PASI score, these simple, less expensive biomarkers can be effectively employed in place of other biomarkers such as hs-CRP for management of the disease.
Evaluate Cerebral Performance Score in Survival Outcome of Patients with In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Devi A. Akila , Sundaresan S. , Kanniammal C. , Ramakrishnan T.V. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Cardiac arrest remains one of the primary causes of death in the United States, affecting about 350,000 patients every year. Many previous studies have recommended that nearly two-thirds of the patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and a quarter of the patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) died out of neurologic damage.

Objectives:
(1) To evaluate the cerebral performance score in the survival outcome among patients with IHCA. (2) To associate the cerebral performance score in survival outcome among patients with IHCA with their demographic variables.

Materials and methods:
Nonexperimental descriptive research design was used. Study was conducted in all the intensive care units of General Hospital and Research Center, Chennai, India. A total of 125 samples were selected with nonprobability purposive sampling technique.

Results:
The number of patients with poor neurologic outcome was 93 (74.4%) and number of patients with good neurologic outcome was 32 (25.6%). In multiple regression analysis, “total cholesterol level” at the P-value of 0.05, there is high significant association between clinical variable and the level of cerebral performance score among patients with IHCA. It means that the total cholesterol level is highly influencing the cerebral performance scores.

Conclusion:
Assessment of neurologic status is a major determinant of functional outcome of postcardiac arrest patient. However, measures of neurologic status do not directly replicate overall outcome after cardiac arrest. Inclusion of neurologic outcome measures the neuroprognostication of patient.
Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Glycemic Control Among GDM − Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ramanathan Kavitha , Jagadeesh Nalini Sirala , Vishwanath Usha , Dayal Celina 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Diabetes is the ninth leading cause of death among women globally causing 2.1 million deaths per year. Pregnancy complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes physiological resistance to insulin that predisposes to maternal (pregnancy-induced hypertension, macrosomia, and obstructed labor due to shoulder dystocia) and fetal (macrosomia, birth injuries, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress) complications associated with the GDM. Given the complications associated with GDM in South India, the study hypothesized that a novel idea of probiotics supplementation as adjunct therapy with comprehensive intervention would show considerable improvement in maternal glycemic control among GDM.

Methods/Design:
It is a single-center, double-blind randomized controlled trial. Study population: Expectant women with GDM in their second trimester were randomized to control and intervention group.

Intervention:
The package included supplementation with probiotics (probiotic capsules with routine care), while the control group: received a placebo capsule (placebo capsule with routine care) to GDM women. The study participants were followed up till delivery. Outcome measures: Maternal blood glucose levels as fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels are measured at the 20th, 32nd, and 40th weeks of gestational age. Secondary outcome measures: Maternal parameters are monitored at their regular follow-up visits, and neonatal parameters are measured after delivery. Statistical analysis: Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed that satisfied the per protocol compliance using the recent version of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Conclusion:
Probiotic supplementation is one of the emerging trends that shows a significant impact on maternal blood glucose levels, which will in turn have beneficial effects on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. In a developing country like India, with the growing burden of diabetes and GDM, developing an innovative effective intervention that promotes glycemic health that can easily be replicated across various settings will become a priority. If the intervention is concluded to be effective, this study would become a guideline model to reinforce probiotics as an intervention to treat GDM and contribute to improved maternal and neonatal health in South India.
Spectrum of renal diseases in the elderly, above age 50
Authors: Sengar Pratishtha , Gupta Pallav 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The spectrum of kidney diseases varies in the elderly population with frequent inconsistencies between clinical presentation and histopathological diagnosis. The immunofluorescence (IF) may provide additional information in such situations.

Aims:
The purpose was to study the spectrum of kidney diseases in patients above 50 years undergoing renal biopsy and utility of light chain (LC) IF in the diagnosis.

Settings and Design:
This was a retrospective, crosssectional, singlecenter-based study.

Material and Methods:
The clinical details, histopathological findings, and LC IF pattern in native renal biopsy of patients above 50 years were noted.

Statistical Analysis:
Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages.

Results:
A total of 205 patients were included in the study. The most common clinical presentation was acute kidney injury/rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (AKI/RPGN) (49%). Glomerular diseases (72%) were more common. Crescentic glomerulonephritis (21%) and membranous nephropathy (MN) (19%) were the most common glomerulopathy. LC restriction was observed in LC cast nephropathy (LCCN), primary amyloidosis, and LC also helped in classifying the cases of MPGN-type morphology.

Conclusions:
AKI/RPGN was the most common indication for renal biopsy in patients above 50 years. Crescentic GN and MN were the frequent glomerular pathology. LC IF is a useful adjunctive tool to classify various renal diseases.
Tumor budding is a valuable prognostic parameter in endometrial carcinomas
Authors: Ocal Irfan , Guzelis Ismail 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Tumor budding (TB) is a morphological finding believed to play an important role in determining the prognosis in many cancers.

Aim:
Our aim is to evaluate the prognostic importance of TB in endometrial carcinomas.

Settings and Design:
Two-hundred-eleven endometrial cancers were obtained from 2008 to 2015 that were comprised of those having undergone surgical staging with a hysterectomy and at least 5 years followed up.

Material and Methods:
All hematoxylin and eosin stained slides were reevaluated for the status of TB.

Statistical Analysis:
Nonparametric tests, the Kaplan–Meier method, the Log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazard regression were used.

Results and Conclusion:
TB was found to correlated with larger diameter (P = 0.000), nonendometrioid (P = 0.038), mixed cell types (P = 0.005), higher grade (P = 0.000), deeper invasion of the myometrium (P = 0.000), cervical stromal invasion (P = 0.000), advanced pT (P = 0.011), lymph node involvement (P = 0.000), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.000), and advanced stage (P = 0.000). The presence of TB worsens the 5-year overall survival (OS) (P = 0.0001). In cases such as grade 1, pT1, or stage 1 endometrial carcinomas, the presence of TB decreases the OS rate (P = 0.00017, P = 0.0016, P < 0.0001). Our result suggested that the presence of TB adversely affects the prognosis. It was concluded that TB could be a valuable prognostic parameter.
Immunohistochemical expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in oral lichen planus and normal oral mucosa
Authors: Baby Tibin K. , Bindhu P. R. , Pillai Rekha Krishna , Jayanthi P. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease for which the pathogenesis is complex and not fully understood; autoimmunity has been suggested as a causative factor. World health organization (WHO) has classified OLP as a potentially malignant lesion. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible key enzyme that generates prostanoids which play a critical role in inflammation, immunopathology; also considered as a malignant potential marker.

Aims:
The present study was conducted to analyze and compare epithelial COX-2 expression in OLP clinical subtypes and normal oral mucosa to evaluate its role in the pathophysiology of the disease process.

Methods:
This retrospective immunohistochemistry (IHC) study was performed on tissue sections of 30 OLP and 10 normal oral mucosae for COX-2 expression.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive and comparative statistical methods were done using 'one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), 't' and Chi-square tests.

Results:
All the OLP showed epithelial COX-2 expression; strong expression was noted in 80% of the OLP while normal oral mucosa sections showed no expression. Cox-2 expression was significantly higher in erosive lichen planus compared to reticular lichen planus.

Conclusions:
Strong expression of COX-2 in OLP suggested its important role in pathogenesis. Although COX-2 has been connected to malignant development and autoimmunity, as the malignant development in OLP is quite rare, this study suggests that increased levels of COX-2 seen here may support an autoimmune cause of the disease process.
Evaluation of the histopathologic status of rectal adenocarcinoma and its regional lymph nodes after neoadjuvant therapy, and its relation to the duration of disease-free survival
Authors: Karimi Farnaz , Tabriz Hedieh Moradi , Amoli Hadi Ahmadi , Nazar Elham , Vaezi Amir Abbas 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and has a relatively poor prognosis. Lymph node involvement is considered the most important prognostic factor.

Materials and Methods:
During a retrospective cohort study, 132 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for resectable rectal cancer from 2010 to 2015 in Sina hospital were reviewed.

Results:
Multivariable analysis was performed and shown the clinical stage was not a representative factor for disease-free survival (P = 0.187), but Dworak Tumor Regression Grading were significantly associated with higher disease-free survival (P = 0.000) in stage II and stage III. The total number of retrieved lymph nodes and involved lymph nodes in the same clinical stage were statistically associated with higher mean disease-free survival in patients (P = 0.000 in both conditions).

Conclusion:
In the same clinical stage, increasing the Dworak Tumor Regression Grading reduced the risk of rectal cancer recurrence. Increasing total number of retrieved lymph nodes and involved lymph nodes, 2.14 times and 3.87 times increased the risk of recurrence, respectively.
Expression of HER2/neu in gastric adenocarcinoma and its correlation with serum HER2/neu level and E-cadherin expression
Authors: Pandey Ishan , Misra Vatsala , Pandey Aprajita T. , Verma Amita 
Published: August 2024

Aim:
To assess HER2/neu expressions and correlate with E-cadherin and Serum HER2 level in gastric carcinoma.

Method:
31 gastric biopsies and 1 resected specimen were taken in the study with patient details and stained with H and E for histopathological details following Lauren's classification. Immunohistochemistry for HER2 and E-cadherin expression was conducted followed by serum HER2/neu ELISA.

Result:
Adenocarcinoma with 61% diffuse, 29% intestinal, and 10% other type were observed with predominant HER2 immunoexpression in intestinal-type than in diffuse-type adenocarcinoma. Other observations marked 44% as 3+/positive and 56% as 2+/equivocal in intestinal type while 26% cases as 3+/positive, 69% as 2+/equivocal, and 1% as 1+/negative were observed in diffuse type. The data presented 33% membranous positivity and 67% both membranous + cytoplasmic positivity in intestinal type while 2% showed membranous positivity, 47% both membranous + cytoplasmic, and 42% only cytoplasmic positivity in diffused type. On comparing the localization pattern of HER2 and E-cadherin, 25% of cases showed membranous staining while 50% of cases showed membranous with cytoplasmic staining for both. No cytoplasmic HER2 staining as well as no any staining for E-cadherin was shown by 6% cases.

Conclusion:
Thus, it can be concluded that cytoplasmic expression of HER2 in gastric adenocarcinoma (mainly diffuse type) may be due to shedding of its extracellular domain, leading to loss of membranous E-cadherin expression on immunohistochemistry. The loss of membranous expression of E-cadherin and increased serum HER2 ELISA were correlated well with these findings.
Prognostic significance of p16, VEGF, and p53 expression patterns, Krouse stage, and smoking status in sinonasal inverted papillomas
Authors: Cengiz Betul Peker 
Published: August 2024

Aim:
The aim of our study is to analyze the staining models for VEGF, p16, and p53, as well as to understand the biology of inverted papilloma caused by smoking.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-one cases, diagnosed with sinonasal inverted papilloma between 2015 and 2019, were included. Demographic data such as age and gender, admission symptoms of the patients, and anatomical location, stage, surgical technique, and recurrence information were obtained from clinical follow-up files. Immunohistochemical staining for p16, VEGF, and p53 were performed on patient materials.

Results:
In our study, the female to male ratio was 9.33 with an average age of 53.137 ± 13.96 years. Of the patients, 17 were nonsmokers and 14 were smokers. No significant relationship was found between smoking status and relapse and dysplasia. In contrast, a significant relationship between the Krouse stage and dysplasia (P = 0.005) was observed. A similar significant relationship was observed between p16 immunohistochemical expression and dysplasia (P = 0.030). On the other hand, VEGF and p53 immunohistochemical expressions were not significantly related with dysplasia and recurrence.

Conclusions:
Inverted papillomas are benign tumors that clinically give symptoms similar to nasal polyps. However, recurrence and malignant transformation potential exist and the factors causing this risk are not clearly identified. In our study, no malignant transformation was observed in patients who were admitted to our hospital.
HIF – 1α as a marker of risk assessment for malignant transformation in oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Sharma Kanika , Shetty Devi C. , Rathore Ajit S. , Juneja Saurabh A. , Katyal Sonal , Krishnatre Ankaj 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder associated with habit of chewing betel quid containing arecanut. Morphological features of OSMF especially fibrosis suggests a possibility of the hypoxic environment in diseased tissues. The adaptation of cells to hypoxia appears to be mediated via hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) which is also said to be associated with malignant transformation of epithelial cells in various other carcinomas like prostate and cervical carcinoma. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the role of HIF-1α in progression and malignant transformation of OSMF.

Materials and Methods:
The study group consisted of histo-pathologically diagnosed 30 cases of oral submucous fibrosis and 10 cases of OSCC were taken as control. The immunohistochemistry was carried out on neutral buffered formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections by using the monoclonal antibody of HIF-1α. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 2.0.

Results:
A gradual and significant rise in the expression of HIF-1α was observed in various grades of OSMF and OSCC cases. HIF 1α expression was increased in cases showing hylanization and constricted blood vessels. A cut off value of 39.6% of HIF-1α positive cells was determined statistically to categorize the cases into high risk and low risk group for malignant transformation.

Conclusion:
Overexpression of HIF-1α may contribute to the progression and malignant transformation of OSMF. Cases expressing more than 40% of HIF-1α positive cells are at a greater risk for malignant transformation.
Role of light and immunofluorescence microscopy to differentiate primary and secondary membranous nephropathy
Authors: Basu Keya , Sengupta Moumita , Mukherjee Sriranjan , Karmakar Subhrajyoti , Roychowdhury Arpita , Bandopadhyay Manimoy 
Published: August 2024

Context:
Membranous nephropathy (MN) causes nephrotic syndrome, mostly primary but may be associated with SLE, infections, cancer, or drug.

Aims:
To estimate clinical, serological, light microscopic, and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) findings to differentiate primary and secondary MN.

Settings and Design:
Prospective, cross-sectional, single-center study in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods and Material:
Total 51 cases from September 2019 to February 2020.

Laboratory Data:
Blood glucose, urine analysis, urea, creatinine, albumin, cholesterol, HBsAg, Anti HCV, ASO, ANA, MPO ANCA, PR3 ANCA, dsDNA, PLA2R, C3, and C4. Clinical parameters: age, sex, BP, skin lesions, arthralgia, edema, obesity. Renal biopsies examined with H and E, PAS, silver methanamine, MT stains. DIF done with IgG, IgM, IgA, C3c, C1q, kappa, and lambda.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical software (Graph Pad PRISM 6) and Chi-square test).

Results:
Among 51 cases, 25 are primary and 26 are secondary MN with 22 being lupus nephritis, with 2 being post-infectious and the remaining 2 being proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition (PGNMIDD) with kappa chain restriction. Mean age was 37 ± 12.18 and 30.69 ± 13.92 years for primary and secondary MN, respectively. Significant male preponderance in primary MN. Serum C4 significantly low in secondary MN (15.34 ± 9.59). Microscopic hematuria present in secondary MN. Mesangial and endocapillary hypercellularity are significant in secondary MN. IgG and kappa are significantly intense in primary whereas IgA, C3c, and C1q are significantly intense in secondary MN.

Conclusions:
Reliable differentiation between primary and secondary MN has important therapeutic implications.
Diagnostic accuracy of saliva as a specimen for detection of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR
Authors: Gupta Megha , Sinha Parul , Gupta Sandeep , Jain Dinesh K. , Hooja Saroj , Vyas Nitya 
Published: August 2024

Context:
COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging pandemic that is rapidly spreading with more than 114 million confirmed cases and 2.5 million deaths by far. Nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) in VTM has been used as the gold standard respiratory specimen for SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcriptase real-time PCR (rRT-PCR) tests. But now the virus can also be detected in other clinical specimens like bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, saliva, throat swab, blood, and stool specimens.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic potential of saliva as a sample in comparison to NPS for detection of SARS-CoV-2 by rRT-PCR.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 256 paired samples (NPS and Saliva) received in the Department of Microbiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur over a period of 2 months

Methods and Material:
NPS from individuals were collected in a sterile tube containing Viral Transport Medium™. Before swab collection, whole saliva was collected by spitting from the suspected patient into a sterile container. Both were stored at room temperature and transferred to the diagnostic laboratory within four hours of collection where extraction was done using Perkin Elmer chemagic extractor and rRT- PCR was performed using NIV, Pune mastermix.

Results:
Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of RT-PCR for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in saliva were 84.26%, 100%, 100%, and 54.05%, respectively. The accuracy of detection of COVID-19 by saliva samples compared to the routinely used NPS samples (considered as the standard reference) for RT PCR was 86.72%.

Conclusions:
Our results show that saliva as a reliable sample type for SARS-CoV-2 detection.