bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut fungi of black-necked cranes (Grus nigricollis) respond to dietary changes during wintering
Authors: Li Wenhao , Cheng Lijun , He Xin , He Guiwen , Liu Yutong , Sang Zhenglin , Wang Yuanjian , Shao Mingcui , Xiong Tingsong , Xu Huailiang , Zhao Junsong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Migratory birds exhibit heterogeneity in foraging strategies during wintering to cope with environmental and migratory pressures, and gut bacteria respond to changes in host diet. However, less is known about the dynamics of diet and gut fungi during the wintering period in black-necked cranes (Grus nigricollis).

Results
In this work, we performed amplicon sequencing of the trnL-P6 loop and ITS1 regions to characterize the dietary composition and gut fungal composition of black-necked cranes during wintering. Results indicated that during the wintering period, the plant-based diet of black-necked cranes mainly consisted of families Poaceae, Solanaceae, and Polygonaceae. Among them, the abundance of Solanaceae, Polygonaceae, Fabaceae, and Caryophyllaceae was significantly higher in the late wintering period, which also led to a more even consumption of various food types by black-necked cranes during this period. The diversity of gut fungal communities and the abundance of core fungi were more conserved during the wintering period, primarily dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. LEfSe analysis (P < 0.05, LDA > 2) found that Pyxidiophora, Pseudopeziza, Sporormiella, Geotrichum, and Papiliotrema were significantly enriched in early winter, Ramularia and Dendryphion were significantly enriched in mid-winter, Barnettozyma was significantly abundant in late winter, and Pleuroascus was significantly abundant in late winter. Finally, mantel test revealed a significant correlation between winter diet and gut fungal.

Conclusions
This study revealed the dynamic changes in the food composition and gut fungal community of black-necked cranes during wintering in Dashanbao. In the late wintering period, their response to environmental and migratory pressures was to broaden their diet, increase the intake of non-preferred foods, and promote a more balanced consumption ratio of various foods. Balanced food composition played an important role in stabilizing the structure of the gut fungal community. While gut fungal effectively enhanced the host’s food utilization rate, they may also faced potential risks of introducing pathogenic fungi. Additionally, we recongnized the limitations of fecal testing in studying the composition of animal gut fungal, as it cannot effectively distinguished between fungal taxa from food or soil inadvertently ingested and intestines. Future research on functions such as cultivation and metagenomics may further elucidate the role of fungi in the gut ecosystem.
Helicobacter Pylori infection in children with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Dilaghi Emanuele , Felici Enrico , Lahner Edith , Pilozzi Emanuela , Furio Silvia , Lucchini Livia , Quatrale Giovanna , Piccirillo Marisa , Parisi Pasquale , Curto Sara , Annibale Bruno , Ferretti Alessandro , Mennini Maurizio , Persechino Severino , Di Nardo Giovanni 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The relationship between Helicobacter-pylori(Hp)infection and inflammatory-bowel-disease(IBD) in pediatric-patients remains controversial. We aimed to assess the Hp-infection occurrence in newly-diagnosed pediatric-patients with IBD compared to no-IBD patients. Additionally, we aimed to examine differences in clinical-activity-index(CAI) and endoscopic-severity-score(ESS)between IBD-patients with and without Hp-infection, at baseline and at 1-year-follow-up(FU), after eradication-therapy(ET).

Methods
IBD diagnosis was based on Porto-criteria, and all patients underwent gastroscopy at baseline and 1-year FU. For Crohn's-disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC), IBD-CAI and -ESS were classified using PCDAI/SES-CD and PUCAI/UCEIS, respectively.

Results
76 IBD-patients were included in the study[35 F(46.1%),median-age 12(range 2–17)]. CD and UC were diagnosed in 29(38.2%) and 45(59.2%)patients, respectively, and unclassified-IBD in two(2.6%)patients. Non-IBD patients were 148[71 F(48.0%),median-age 12(range 1–17)]. Hp-infection at baseline was reported in 7(9.2%) and 18(12.2%)IBD and non-IBD patients, respectively(p = 0.5065).
The 7 IBD patients with Hp infection were compared to 69 IBD patients without Hp-infection at baseline evaluation, and no significant differences were reported considering CAI and ESS in these two groups.
At 1-year FU, after ET, IBD patients with Hp infection improved, both for CAI and ESS, but statistical significance was not reached.

Conclusion
The occurrence of Hp-infection did not differ between IBD and no-IBD patients. No differences in CAI or ESS were observed at the diagnosis, and after ET no worsening of CAI or ESS was noted at one-year FU, between Hp-positive and -negative IBD patients.
Analysis of serum peptidome profiles of non-metastatic and metastatic feline mammary carcinoma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Paphussaro Weejarin , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Phaonakrop Narumon , Buthasane Wannapol , Rungsipipat Anudep , Tharasanit Theerawat , Suriyaphol Gunnaporn 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is a common aggressive and highly metastatic cancer affecting female cats. Early detection is essential for preventing local and distant metastasis, thereby improving overall survival rates. While acquiring molecular data before surgery offers significant potential benefits, the current protein biomarkers for monitoring disease progression in non-metastatic FMC (NmFMC) and metastatic FMC (mFMC) are limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the serum peptidome profiles of NmFMC and mFMC using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare serum peptidome profiles in 13 NmFMC, 23 mFMC and 18 healthy cats. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis was performed on non-trypsinized samples.

Results
Out of a total of 8284 expressed proteins observed, several proteins were found to be associated with human breast cancer. In NmFMC, distinctive protein expressions encompassed double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen homolog 2 (STAU2), associated with cell proliferation, along with bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2A (BAZ2A) and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit epsilon (GABRE), identified as potential treatment targets. Paradoxically, positive prognostic markers emerged, such as complement C1q like 3 (C1QL3) and erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 (EPB41 or 4.1R). Within the mFMC group, overexpressed proteins associated with poor prognosis were exhibited, including B-cell lymphoma 6 transcription repressor (BCL6), thioredoxin reductase 3 (TXNRD3) and ceruloplasmin (CP). Meanwhile, the presence of POU class 5 homeobox (POU5F1 or OCT4) and laminin subunit alpha 1 (LAMA1), reported as metastatic biomarkers, was noted.

Conclusion
The presence of both pro- and anti-proliferative proteins was observed, potentially indicating a distinctive characteristic of NmFMC. Conversely, proteins associated with poor prognosis and metastasis were noted in the mFMC group.
The role and application of small extracellular vesicles in glioma
Authors: Yang Zhihao , Wu HaoYuan , Wang ZhiWei , Bian ErBao , Zhao Bing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are cell-derived, nanometer-sized particles enclosed by a lipid bilayer. All kinds of biological molecules, including proteins, DNA fragments, RNA, lipids, and metabolites, can be selectively loaded into sEVs and transmitted to recipient cells that are near and distant. Growing shreds of evidence show the significant biological function and the clinical significance of sEVs in cancers. Numerous recent studies have validated that sEVs play an important role in tumor progression and can be utilized to diagnose, stage, grading, and monitor early tumors. In addition, sEVs have also served as drug delivery nanocarriers and cancer vaccines. Although it is still infancy, the field of basic and translational research based on sEVs has grown rapidly. In this review, we summarize the latest research on sEVs in gliomas, including their role in the malignant biological function of gliomas, and the potential of sEVs in non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, i.e., as nanocarriers for drug or gene delivery and cancer vaccines.
The survival prediction of advanced colorectal cancer received neoadjuvant therapy—a study of SEER database
Authors: Han Zhuo , Yang Haicheng , Qiao Qing , Wu Tao , He Xianli , Wang Nan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of study was to screen factors associated with the overall survival of colorectal cancer patients with lymph nodes metastasis who received neoadjuvant therapy and construct a nomogram model.

Methods
All enrolled subjects of the SEER database were randomly assigned to the training and testing group in a ratio of 3:2. The patients of Tangdu Hospital were seemed as validation group. Univariate cox regression analysis, lasso regression and random forest survival were used to screen variables related to the survival of advanced CRC patients received neoadjuvant therapy in the training group. Area under curves were adopted to evaluate the 1,3,5-year prediction value of the optimal model in three cohorts. Calibration curves were drawn to observe the prediction accuracy of the nomogram model. Decision curve analysis was used to assess the potential clinical value of the nomogram model.

Results
A total of 1833 subjects were enrolled in this study. After random allocation, 1055 cases of the SEER database served as the training group, 704 cases as the testing group and 74 patients from our center as the external validation group. Variables were screened by univariate cox regression used to construct a nomogram survival prediction model, including M, age, chemotherapy, CEA, perineural invasion, tumor size, LODDS, liver metastasis and radiation. The AUCs of the model for predicting 1-year OS in the training group, testing and validation group were 0.765 (0.703,0.827), 0.772 (0.697,0.847) and 0.742 (0.601,0.883), predicting 3-year OS were 0.761 (0.725,0.780), 0.742 (0.699,0.785), 0.733 (0.560,0.905) and 5-year OS were 0.742 (0.711,0.773), 0.746 (0.709,0.783), 0.838 (0.670,0.980), respectively. The calibration curves showed the difference between prediction probability of the model and the actual survival was not significant in three cohorts and the decision curve analysis revealed the practice clinical application value. And the prediction value of model was better for young CRC than older CRC patients.

Conclusion
A nomogram model including LODDS for the prognosis of advanced CRC received neoadjuvant therapy was constructed and verified based on the SEER database and single center practice. The accuracy and potential clinical application value of the model performed well, and the model had better predictive value for EOCRC than LOCRC.
The 5Cs of positive youth development: their impact on symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and emotional distress in Chilean adolescents
Authors: Marín-Gutiérrez Mauricio , Caqueo-Urízar Alejandra , Castillo-Francino Jenifer , Escobar-Soler Carolang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEffective approaches to addressing mental health challenges faced by adolescents require a deep understanding of the factors contributing to optimal development, well-being, and prosperity. From the perspective of Positive Youth Development (PYD), this study proposes to examine the relationship between the 5Cs of PYD (Competence, Confidence, Connection, Character, and Caring) and symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and emotional distress among Chilean adolescents. A quantitative, cross-sectional, non-experimental study was conducted with 425 adolescents (ages 12 to 19, M = 14.95, SD = 1.81) from three Chilean cities: Arica (23%), Alto Hospicio (32%), and Iquique (46%). Data analysis included the use of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicate that two of the 5Cs, Confidence and Connection, have a significant negative direct effect on the four evaluated criterion indicators. These findings contribute to the literature on positive youth development in Latin America and underscore the importance of fostering confidence and connection in interventions aimed at promoting the mental health of adolescents in Chile and in similar contexts.
Trend of pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistance among tuberculosis presumptive patients in Central Tigray, Ethiopia; 2018 -2023: a six-year retrospective study
Authors: Gebremariam Guesh , Kiros Mulugeta , Hagos Selemun , Hadush Haftom , Gebremichael Amaha , Gebrekirstos Gebretsadkan , Tesfay Aregawi , Gebrewahid Teumelsan , Berihu Tesfay , Gebremariam Brhane 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern in the developing countries. Moreover, the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is challenging. However, there are no organized data on the trends of pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the study area.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to fill the information gap in Central Tigray at St. Mary General Hospital between 2018 and 2023. Data were collected from the GeneXpert™ tuberculosis registration logbooks using standard checklists and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 22. After performing logistic regression, a p-value < 0.05 with a corresponding 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. Moreover, chi square test for trend was performed to assess the percentage of annual detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis during the study years.

Result
Presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients with complete data (n = 3696) were included in the study. The overall prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 11.7%, of which 8.1% were resistant to rifampicin. The study revealed that the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis has been increasing, mainly in the recent four years. Likewise, an increase in rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis was observed with considerable fluctuations. Age, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and presumptive rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection were significantly associated with the presence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Moreover, pulmonary tuberculosis was more prevalent among participants in the productive-age group.

Conclusion
Although there have been fluctuations, an increasing of pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been observed in recent years. Hence, prevention and treatment strategies for tuberculosis should be strengthened to alleviate the burden of pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the study area.
From data acquisition to digital reconstruction: virtual restoration of the Great Wall’s Nine Eyes Watchtower
Authors: Li Zongfei , Liu Junshan , Dong Youqiang , Hou Miaole , Wang Xiaofen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article presents the virtual restoration of the Nine Eyes Watchtower, a significant cultural heritage site along the Great Wall. By applying the Seville Charter and digital technology, a detailed virtual restoration workflow is developed. The methodology involves acquiring data from multiple sources, including physical evidence, historical data, and comparative data. Advanced survey technologies, architectural knowledge, historical research, and computer modelling techniques are integrated to accurately capture the architectural and historical significance of the Nine Eyes Watchtower. The virtual restoration process follows a systematic approach, combining evidence interpretation and explicit deduction steps. The main outcome is a comprehensive virtual restoration model that accurately represents the architectural features and historical context of the Nine Eyes Watchtower. The virtual scene includes environmental elements, with potential for immersive exploration. By bridging the gap between interpretation and deduction, this study advances the scientific understanding and presentation of virtual restorations. The project contributes to ongoing research, education, and appreciation of the Great Wall's cultural legacy, ensuring its continued relevance for future generations.
Genetic Regulation of Physical Fitness in Children: A Twin Study of 15 Tests from Eurofit and Fitnessgram Test Batteries
Authors: SILVENTOINEN KARRI , MAIA JOSÉ , SILLANPÄÄ ELINA , SUND REIJO , GOUVEIA ÉLVIO R. , ANTUNES ANTÓNIO , MARQUES GONÇALO , THOMIS MARTINE , KAPRIO JAAKKO , FREITAS DUARTE 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to analyze the shared genetic background of physical fitness tests in children.

Methods
Physical fitness was assessed in 198 Portuguese twin pairs (6–18 yr old, 40% monozygotic) through 15 tests from the Eurofit and Fitnessgram test batteries. Genetic twin modeling was used to estimate the heritability of each test and the genetic correlations between them.

Results
Girls performed better than boys in flexibility, whereas boys performed better than girls in cardiorespiratory endurance and muscular strength. No sex differences were found in the influence of genetic factors on the physical fitness tests or their mutual correlations. Genetic factors explained 52% (standing long jump) to 79% (sit and reach) of the individual variation in motor performance, whereas individual-specific environmental factors explained the remaining variation. Most of the tests showed modest to moderate genetic correlations. Out of all 105 genetic correlations, 65% ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 indicating that they shared from 4% to 36% of genetic variation. The correlations between individual-specific environmental factors were mostly negligible.

Conclusions
Tests measuring the strength of different muscle groups showed only modest correlations, but moderate correlations were found between tests measuring explosive strength, running speed/agility, and cardiorespiratory endurance. Genetic factors explained a major portion of the variation in tests included in the Eurofit and Fitnessgram test batteries and explained the correlations between them. The modest to moderate genetic correlations indicated that there is little redundancy of tests in either Eurofit or Fitnessgram test batteries.
Exact and Approximation Algorithms for Sparse Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Li Yongchun , Xie Weijun 
Published: July 2024

Sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) is designed to enhance the interpretability of traditional principal component analysis by optimally selecting a subset of features that comprise the first principal component. Given the NP-hard nature of SPCA, most current approaches resort to approximate solutions, typically achieved through tractable semidefinite programs or heuristic methods. To solve SPCA to optimality, we propose two exact mixed-integer semidefinite programs (MISDPs) and an arbitrarily equivalent mixed-integer linear program. The MISDPs allow us to design an effective branch-and-cut algorithm with closed-form cuts that do not need to solve dual problems. For the proposed mixed-integer formulations, we further derive the theoretical optimality gaps of their continuous relaxations. Besides, we apply the greedy and local search algorithms to solving SPCA and derive their first-known approximation ratios. Our numerical experiments reveal that the exact methods we developed can efficiently find optimal solutions for data sets containing hundreds of features. Furthermore, our approximation algorithms demonstrate both scalability and near-optimal performance when benchmarked on larger data sets, specifically those with thousands of features. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete. Funding: This research was supported in part by the Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation [Grant 224614], the Division of Computing and Communication Foundations [Grant 2246417], and the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-24-1-2066]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0372 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0372 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Understanding how to design an engaging hard martial arts programme to improve quality of life among older people: a preliminary study
Authors: Sullivan Dan , Climstein Mike , Brymer Eric , Vecchio Luke Del 
Published: July 2024

Background/Aims Improvements to the quality of life of tai chi practitioners have been demonstrated in the literature; however, less is known about the possible effects on the quality of life of practitioners of harder styles of martial arts in older populations. The aim of this study was to identify what facets of a modified hard martial arts programme motivated participants to attend and therefore guide the design of future programmes. Methods A total of nine community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of 75 years (± 7.3 years) who participated in 12 weeks of modified hard martial arts training were asked if they had perceived any changes to their health or quality of life over the participation period. A self-reported survey instrument, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, was used to measure change pre- and post-intervention, and semi-structured interviews were used to explore participants' motivators for participating, perceived benefits and concerns. Results Five themes emerged which were: (1) a general feeling that quality of life had increased; (2) an increase in social interaction; (3) increased physical abilities; (4) the need to preserve a safe training environment; and (5) a sense of loss relating to the study ending. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scores indicated clinically significant improvement but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions These themes may have important implications when designing future hard martial arts programmes aimed at attracting older persons who prefer to engage in vigorous exercise. Implications for practice As populations around the world age, engaging older adults in activities that promote fitness and social inclusion becomes increasingly important to maintain health into older age. Providing diverse and non-mainstream niche opportunities to older adults such as this programme will maximise engagement and potentially reduce loneliness and physical morbidity in older adults.