bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil CD64 combined with PCT, CRP and WBC improves the sensitivity for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis
Authors: Yang Ai-Ping , Liu Jun , Yue Lei-He , Wang Hong-Qi , Yang Wen-Juan , Yang Guo-Hui 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) combined with procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) can increase the sensitivity and accuracy of neonatal sepsis diagnosis.The serum levels of nCD64, CRP, PCT and WBC were detected in 60 patients with neonatal sepsis and 60 patients with non-sepsis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC), and logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of these markers on neonatal sepsis.Serum levels of nCD64, PCT, CRP and WBC were higher in the sepsis group than non-sepsis group (p<0.001). The sensitivities of nCD64, PCT, CRP and WBC at the recommended cut-off level for all infants were 79.5%, 68.2%, 38.6% and 52.3%, respectively. The best combination was nCD64 and PCT, which obtained sensitivity of 90.9%, largest AUC of 0.922, and a negative predictive value of 89.2%. However by using an optimal cut-off value, the sensitivities of all four biomarkers for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis were increased to 95.5%. Except for WBC, the birth weight and gestational age had no effects on the diagnostic value of these serum biomarkers.nCD64 and PCT are better diagnostic biomarkers for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis as compared to CRP. With the help of optimal cut-off value based on ROC curve and logistic regression analysis, the combination of these biomarkers could improve the sensitivity for the diagnosis of suspected late-onset neonatal sepsis based on common serum biomarkers.
The understanding of risk factors for eating disorders in male adolescents
Authors: Akgül Sinem , Akdemir Devrim , Kara Mahmut , Derman Orhan , Çetin Füsun Çuhadaroğlu , Kanbur Nuray 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to describe the medical, psychiatric, and cultural features of adolescent males with an eating disorder (ED).
Materials and methods: This retrospective evaluation took place at Hacettepe University, İhsan Doğramacı Children’s Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, and covered a 4-year period between 2010 and 2013. Sixty adolescents were diagnosed with an ED during this period, 47 (78.3%) were females and 13 were males (21.7%) male. All 13 male patients who met full criteria for an ED according to the DSM criteria were included. Medical and psychiatric records of male patients treated for an ED were re-evaluated.
Results: The most striking finding of the study was that the female to male ratio became 3.6:1, with the increasing number of male adolescents with an ED. In our study, medical findings and complications of males with ED were similar to those seen in females. However, the most predominant gender difference was the co occurrence of a comorbid physical or mental illness.
Conclusion: It is imperative to raise awareness of EDs in males. Although the medical findings of the study suggest that male and female adolescents with EDs are clinically similar to each other, the understanding of certain gender-specific risk factors shown in our study, such as a medical illness and/or obesity and co-morbid psychiatric diagnosis, are essential in raising suspicion. Further studies that especially evaluate cultural and social factors that affect parenting styles for boys are important in addessing possible risk factors for the development of EDs in males within different societies.
Communication Theory in Business History
Authors: Schröter Harm G. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Several theories on communication are tested on trial to what extent they can provide additional insight in business history. All are focused on one known example, the relation between the dyestuff cartel and its Japanese competitors in the interwar period. Can theory extend the limits of our knowledge even in well known cases? While the classification of types of information transfer according to Chun Wei Choo provides only limited new insights, other theories provided interesting results. One is the creation of mutual trust, which helps to explain the - from an economic point of view - quite surprising longevity of the cartel. Another application provides reasons for the cartel’s largest strategic failure. Thus, communication theory can but need not provide deeper insights into business history.
Western European Recycling in a Long-term Perspective
Authors: Stöger Georg , Reith Reinhold 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Scholarship on the history of material flows stresses the fundamental changes in the recycling of materials between the nineteenth century and the mid-twentieth century and points to different caesuras during this period. Industrialization and urban sanitation constituted a major turning point for recycling followed by another connected to the advent of the mass consumer society. Seen in a long-term perspective, however, the picture seems more complex. There were significant changes, but there are also indications of evolving and persisting recycling systems. Mainly dealing with urban settings, the article argues that pre-industrial forms persisted within the field of “modern” recycling alongside the ruptures that can be detected for material flows and recycling systems since the end of the nineteenth century.
Downstream Morphologic Characteristics of the Alluvial Section of Lower River Ogun, Nigeria
Authors: Fashae Olutoyin A. , Faniran Adetoye 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Rivers constitute an important focus of attention in surface water studies because of their dynamic nature. Therefore, natural rivers develop a wide range of channel forms whose characteristics vary as a function of the position within the fluvial systems. This study examined the river channel morphologic parameters along the alluvial section of River Ogun in South western Nigeria. Data on the channel morphologic variables were collected through field measurement of the bankfull cross sectional characteristics of the river from where the longitudinal characteristics were defined. 48 cross sections were randomly established at bankfull stage along the river channel stretch of 90 km. Bankfull depth and width at each of the cross sections were determined using sonar (electronic sounding machine) that was mounted to a boat. Velocity was measured with the aid of a current meter, while other morphological parameters were estimated from the field data. Analysis of variance revealed that downstream morphological characteristics of the river varies distinctively at each cross section with bedslope as the most significantly varied among all other morphologic parameters (F=91.18; P=0.00). Pearson product moment correlation technique revealed that bankfull width had a correlation of 0.8 and 0.9 with wetted perimeter and cross sectional area respectively while bankfull depth (maximum) had correlations of 0.9, 0.8 and 0.78 with hydraulic radius, wetted perimeter and cross sectional area respectively. The research also revealed that gradient affects the discharge with a positive correlation of 0.9. The study ascertains the extent of variability in the morphologic characteristic of River Ogun which provides scientific basis for river maintenance and management.
Droughts, Dry Spells and Low Water Levels in Medieval Hungary (and Croatia) I: The Great Droughts of 1362, 1474, 1479, 1494 and 1507
Authors: Kiss Andrea , Nikolić Zrinka 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the present paper five significant late medieval drought events, occurred in Hungary (4 cases) and Croatia (1 Dalmatian case), are discussed based on contemporary documentary evidence. Information on long-term lack of precipitation, severe annual (or multiannual) water shortage, extreme low water levels of major rivers or bad harvest and severe food shortage in 1362, 1474, 1479, 1494 and 1507, often accompanied or followed by locust invasions, were documented both in narratives, account books, charters and letters. Apart from causing food shortage or difficulties in transportation (e.g. of salt), these greatest known documented drought events of medieval Hungary were blamed for weakening the country's military defence (e.g. low water levels) and providing good opportunities for Ottoman-Turkish attacks. These great drought events sometimes occurred one year later than those of the neighbouring areas in Central Europe - a fact that can be probably explained by the bi- or multi-annual nature of dry spells (e.g. in and around 1474, 1479, 1507) that does not necessarily fit the frame of a calendar year.
National and international initiatives and approaches for the establishment of reference intervals in pediatric laboratory medicine
Authors: Kohse Klaus P. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Thoroughly validated laboratory medicine reference intervals for children of all ages groups have been published increasingly during the last years. The aim of this review is to present a number of these studies and the various approaches to the generation of reference intervals. Population-based data obtained in large cohorts of healthy children in Germany, Northern Europe, North America, and selected other countries as well as patient-derived data collected in many areas of the world are discussed. Additionally, special research aspects such as reference intervals for preterm neonates, preanalytical issues, intraindividual variation of analytes, or follow-up studies that are covered in many of these studies are presented.
Quaternary deposits and weathered bedrock material as a source of dangerous radon emissions in Estonia
Authors: Petersell Valter , Jüriado Krista , Raukas Anto , Shtokalenko Mihkel , Täht-Kok Krista 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The risk of dangerous radon emissions in Estonia is high, being among the highest in Europe. In almost 33 per cent of Estonian land area, the content of radon in soil-contained air exceeds the safe limit for unrestricted construction (50 kBq/m3). In such high radon-risk areas the concentration of radon in soil-contained air ranges from 50 to 400 kBq/m3, in a few cases reaching up to 2,100 kBq/m3 exceeding the permitted level for residential areas. The situation is particularly serious in the northernmost part of the country, where uranium-rich graptolite argillite (Dictyonema shale) and the Obolus phosphorite are close to ground surface and their particles are constituent parts of Quaternary deposits. Radon emissions from bedrock have been investigated in detail, but to date Quaternary strata as a source of radon emissions are poorly studied. According to our measurements the highest concentrations of radon are related to tills containing clasts and fines of graptolite argillite and phosphorite. Glacial deposits include also granitoidal material, containing U, Th and K, which have been transported by glaciers from the outcrop areas of crystalline basement rocks in Finland and the Gulf of Finland. Due to weathering, outwash and repeated redeposition other genetic types are poorer in radioactive elements and they are weaker sources of radon.
Roundness and matt degree of quartz grain surfaces in (fluvio-)glacial deposits of the Pomeranian Stage (Weichselian) in northeast Germany
Authors: Górska-Zabielska Maria 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Glacial tills and fluvioglacial sediments deposited by the ice-sheet during the Pomeranian Stage (Weichselian) in northeast Germany have been examined in terms of the degree of abrasion, rounding and frosting of quartz grain surfaces in order to determine the conditions and processes that occurred in the alimentation environment of the fine-grained material, as well as during transport. Strata in the glaciomarginal zone and the hinterland of the Pomeranian Stage in the area represent diverse lithofacies, but have similar textural features. These features illustrate mainly that a high-energy aquatic environment had reacted with glacial deposits prior to their inclusion into the ice mass and deposited in the area covered by the Odra lobe. The lack of regional diversification in the character of quartz grain surfaces in glacial deposits between the German part of the Odra lobe and the remainder of the area analysed is recorded solely in the morphological dimension, i.e. the outlet fragment of the ice-front’s course, but not in textural features of the sediments
n-Weak Module Amenability of Triangular Banach Algebras
Authors: Bodaghi Abasalt , Jabbari Ali 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Let A, B be Banach A-modules with compatible actions and M be a left Banach A- A-module and a right Banach B- A-module. In the current paper, we study module amenability, n-weak module amenability and module Arens regularity of the triangular Banach algebra -

. We employ these results to prove that for an inverse semigroup S with subsemigroup E of idempotents, the triangular Banach algebra

is permanently weakly module amenable (as an

. As an example, we show that T0 is T0-module Arens regular if and only if the maximal group homomorphic image GS of S is finite.
On a Class of Operator-Differential Equations of the Third Order With Multiple Characteristics on the Whole Axis in the Weighted Space
Authors: Aliev A. R. , Elbably A. L. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this paper, the conditions of correct solvability are found for a class of the third order operator-differential equations whose principal part has multiple characteristics in the Sobolev type space with exponential weight. The estimations of the norms of intermediate derivative operators closely connected with the solvability conditions are carried out. Moreover, the connection between the weight exponent and the lower bound of the spectrum of the main operator involved in the principal part of the equation is determined in the results of the paper.
The Influence of Government Priorities on Public-Administration Reforms in Europe1
Authors: Nakrošis Vitalis 
Published: July 2015

Abstract3
The article assesses how and the extent to which political or policy priorities of European governments condition reform processes and their results in times of crisis. This research is based on desk research and statistical analysis of the 2013 EUPAN survey data on public-administration reform initiatives in Europe. The article finds that the place of public-administration reforms on the governmental agenda partially explains the process of public-administration reforms, but it cannot account for the variation in the (perceived) reform results. Also, the results of this research confirm that EU-13 and (potential) candidate countries face more difficulties in reform implementation due to a combination of comprehensive reform strategies and weak administrative capacities. If the quantitative analysis was able to uncover some broad trends common to European public administrations, more qualitative approaches (causal process-tracing and case studies) are needed to capture specific contexts and changing processes in different European public administrations on which delivery progress is inevitably contingent. In order to explain why some windows of opportunities are seized while others are missed during the process of public-administration reforms, it is important to undertake process-tracing in within-case and between-case analysis and focus on causal configurations in the study of particular reform cases.
Tsars, Task Forces and Standards: The New “IRS”?
Authors: Casey John 
Published: July 2015

AbstractInstitutional processes for regulating government-nonprofit relations in the U.S. are experiencing substantial growth, particularly at the state level. First, cabinet-level nonprofit “tsars” are being appointed by state governments as point persons for communication and coordination with nonprofits. Second, high-level cross-sector task forces are being established to examine the current relations between the sectors and to recommend reforms in regulatory and oversight processes. Third, nonprofit industry associations are developing statements of operating standards that seek to promote greater discipline in operations. These processes are potentially harbingers of the creation of new institutionalized relationship systems (IRS). This paper examines the emergence of these new institutional arrangements, analyzes their short-term impacts and speculates about their durability.
Brief guide to the nomenclature of inorganic chemistry
Authors: Hartshorn Richard M. , Hellwich Karl-Heinz , Yerin Andrey , Damhus Ture , Hutton Alan T. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This IUPAC Technical Report (PAC-REP-14-07-18) is one of a series that seeks to distil the essentials of IUPAC nomenclature recommendations. The present report provides a succinct summary of material presented in the publication Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry – IUPAC Recommendations 2005. The content of this report will be republished and disseminated as a four-sided lift-out document (see supplementary information) which will be available for inclusion in textbooks and similar publications.
The role of poly(acrylic acid) in conventional glass polyalkenoate cements
Authors: Alhalawani Adel M.F. , Curran Declan J. , Boyd Daniel , Towler Mark R. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) have been used in dentistry for over 40 years. These novel bioactive materials are the result of a reaction between a finely ground glass (base) and a polymer (acid), usually poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), in the presence of water. This article reviews the types of PAA used as reagents (including how they vary by molar mass, molecular weight, concentration, polydispersity and content) and the way that they control the properties of the conventional GPCs (CGPCs) formulated from them. The article also considers the effect of PAA on the clinical performance of CGPCs, including biocompatibility, rheological and mechanical properties, adhesion, ion release, acid erosion and clinical durability. The review has critically evaluated the literature and clarified the role that the polyacid component of CGPCs plays in setting and maturation. This review will lead to an improved understanding of the chemistry and properties of the PAA phase which will lead to further innovation in the glass-based cements field.
Everyday Physical Activity of Students in Nyíregyháza
Authors: Fintor János Gábor 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The popularity of physical education lessons has already been demonstrated by a lot of essays, however, it has also been revealed that this popularity, as well as the frequency of doing sports, tends to decrease at later ages of life. Pursuing sports has a positive effect on academic performance. Introducing PE as an everyday lesson at schools was a milestone in physical education. Provided the aims are realised successfully, the general state of health of students can show a favourable change. The aim of our research, on the one hand, is to reveal how important physical education is as contrasted with other school subjects, according to those students asked. On the other hand, we aim to examine how the certain positive and negative attitudes of the subjects of our study appear in the resulting figures. The research was conducted in the form of self-completion questionnaires in four different funded institutions in Nyíregyháza (n=285), in May, 2014. In the course of evaluation, we have used multivariate function analysis as well as frequency research and cross table reference. Participants mainly regard PE as important as other school subjects, however, boys significantly regard it more important than girls do. Those who do sports on a regular basis were more likely to agree that PE lessons are conducted in a friendly atmosphere than those who do sports less. Significantly, boys tended to agree with positive statements about sport.
Possibilities in Anaemia Prevention during Pregnancy through the Basic Health Care System
Authors: Karácsony Ilona , Albrecht Hanna , Brantmüller Éva 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In case of pregnancies, one of the most common pathological conditions in internal medicine is aneamia with iron-deficiency. Furthermore, iron deficiency may also affect the mother and the fetus negatively. We wanted to find out which group of expectant mothers are mostly affected, which factors influence the development of aneamia. It was also observable in the case of those living at higher living standards that they take fetus-protecting vitamins with a significantly higher frequency before the pregnancy than those living at lower living standards. According to our research data, 67% of the sample developed aneamia. In our research the risk group consisted of young, vegetarian expectant mothers with low education and the multiparas. After conception, the timing of gynaecological consultation was appropriate and the majority of the sample had a clear idea of the ways of preventing aneamia. However, prevention was only realized in practice - based on the criteria - only with a frequency of 12%. It would be important to consciously plan pregnancy. After taking expectant mothers into care, they should - as soon as possible - be screened for the deficiency and in need, supplements should be started. Risk groups should be given greater attention. In their case, a routine supplement of iron would be desirable even before the development of a deficiency. During pregnancy care, awareness must be raised and an iron-rich diet should be established at the beginning. Beyond these, general practitioner, health visitors have the opportunity - through the close relationship with the expectant mothers - to control laboratory tests, provide appropriate information, recommend vitamin preparations as well as check taken medications.
Relation of Health Condition and Quality of Life: Examination of the Quality of Life of the Disadvantaged Population in Nyíregyháza by the FT Quality of Life Index
Authors: Jávorné-Erdei Renáta , Takács Péter , Fábián Gergely 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Improving the health of the population, stopping and changing the disadvantage trends have long been one of the health policy objectives in the regions. Unfortunately in spite of the declared goals Hungary is far away from giving priority to health issues as they are not given proper attention either on individual or societal level. In modern societies local communities play an increasingly important role in the development of quality of life. Their activity, their influence over the power structures become dominant. Quality of life is made up of objective and subjective components. Their important sub-areas are health, financial situation, income situations, housing and social relationship. Quality of life studies are the most frequent health-related research studies, the most remarkable results have been achieved here. Healthrelated quality of life is one of the most important and maybe the most frequently researched dimension of quality of life showing how much health status contributes to the welfare of the individuals. The primary objective of the research studies the improvement of the health status of the population and within it the health status of the individual as well as the reduction of health inequalities can be designated. The improvement of the quality of life can be rationalized as health benefit for the society. Its two main components are the extension of the life expectancy and the increase in numbers of the resulting years. The health of the Hungarian population is said to be unfavourable in international comparison and it can also be stated that it is significantly poorer than it could be expected according to the socio-economic development level