bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Immunosuppressants Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate Mofetil on the Keratinocyte UVB Response
Authors: Ming Mei , Zhao Baozhong , Qiang Lei , He Yu‐Ying 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNonmelanoma skin cancer, derived from epidermal keratinocytes, is the most common malignancy in organ transplant recipients, causes serious morbidity and mortality, and is strongly associated with solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Preventing and treating skin cancer in these individuals has been extraordinarily challenging. Following organ transplantation, the immunosuppressants are used to prevent graft rejection. Until now, immunosuppression has been assumed to be the major factor leading to skin cancer in this setting. However, the mechanism of skin carcinogenesis in organ transplant recipients has not been understood to date; specifically, it remains unknown whether these cancers are immunosuppression‐dependent or ‐independent. In particular, it remains poorly understood what is the mechanistic carcinogenic action of the newer generation of immunosuppressants including tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Here, we show that tacrolimus and MMF impairs UVB‐induced DNA damage repair and apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes. In addition, tacrolimus inhibits UVB‐induced checkpoint signaling. However, MMF had no effect. Our findings have demonstrated that tacrolimus and MMF compromises proper UVB response in keratinocytes, suggesting an immunosuppression‐independent mechanism in the tumor‐promoting action of these immunosuppressants.
Invasive pneumococcal disease following adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Torda A. , Chong Q. , Lee A. , Chen S. , Dodds A. , Greenwood M. , Larsen S. , Gilroy N. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) recipients are at high risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We investigated the incidence and risk factors of IPD in alloHSCT recipients from 4 regional transplant centers over an 11‐year period. This study aimed to inform future improvements in post‐transplant care.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective nested 1:2 case–control study in patients aged ≥18 years who underwent alloHSCT between 2001 and 2011 in 4 major allogeneic transplant centers. Controls were matched with IPD cases on the basis of conditioning intensity and donor relationship (related or unrelated). Demographics and clinical characteristics of cases and controls were summarized. Univariate analysis of risk factors in matched case–control sets, and multivariate conditional logistic regression to control for confounding, were performed.ResultsIn 23 alloHSCT recipients, 26 IPD episodes were identified. The cumulative incidence over 11 years was 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45–3.15) and the incidence density 956 per 100,000 transplant years of follow‐up (95% CI 580–1321). Multivariate risk factor analysis and backwards elimination showed a significant positive association between mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), hyposplenism/asplenia, and IPD, whereas trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) was associated with lower odds of IPD cases. Of alloHSCT recipients with IPD, 38.5% required intensive care, and, of deaths documented in cases over the period of review, 30% were attributable to IPD. Serotypes causing IPD matched currently available vaccines in 15/22 (68.1%) episodes.ConclusionsThe incidence of IPD in alloHSCT recipients is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, with rates of disease being many fold higher than the general population. Patients with evidence of hyposplenism/asplenia define a high‐risk group in the alloHSCT population for IPD, and the independent association with IPD and MMF in the adjusted model from this study requires further evaluation. The occurrence of post‐transplant IPD may be reduced by measures such as vaccination with both 13‐valent and 23‐valent pneumococcal vaccines. TMP/SMX prophylaxis for the prevention of PJP may offer incidental protection against IPD in alloHSCT recipients.
Three missense mutations found in the KEL gene lead to Kmod or K0 red blood cell phenotypes
Authors: Matteocci Antonella , Mancuso Tommaso , Moscetti Alessandra , Collaretti Angela , Castagna Katiuscia , Spaccino Cinzia , Hutchinson Tyler , Grammatico Paola , Pierelli Luca 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundThe KEL gene is highly polymorphic. It presents two major alleles, KEL1(K) and KEL2(k), but a variety of mutations give rise to weakened (Kmod phenotype) or lack (K0 phenotype) of Kell antigen expression. Recently, the use of advanced DNA‐based techniques has greatly increased our understanding of the Kell blood group system.Study Design and MethodsThree blood samples that had shown discordant results between the serologic and molecular typing for k were investigated by DNA sequencing. Two of these samples were also subjected to studies of adsorption and elution.ResultsAfter sequencing the whole KEL gene, we found three new missense mutations: c.455A>G (p.Tyr152Cys) at Exon 5, c.2111A>C (p.Pro704His) at Exon 19, and c.1726G>C (p.Gly576Arg) at Exon 16. So far, no known clinical implications are associated with these mutations. Further investigation by adsorption and elution methods has defined that c.455A>G and c.1726G>C resulted in K0 phenotype, while c.2111A>C encoded a Kmod phenotype.ConclusionMolecular investigation is an important complement to routine serologic analyses of Kell antigens. Discrepancies between genotype and phenotype may reveal the presence of Kmod or K0 phenotypes. Our description of three new KEL alleles suggests a role for a wider diagnostic approach to typing of the Kell system.
Skin equivalent tensional force alters keloid fibroblast behavior and phenotype
Authors: Suarez Edna , Syed Farhatullah , Rasgado Teresa A. , Walmsley Alan , Mandal Parthasarathi , Bayat Ardeshir 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSkin tension may influence keloid scar behavior, development, and spreading, e.g., butterfly‐shaped keloid disease in the sternum. Here, we developed a three‐dimensional (3D) in vitro model to mimic in vivo tension and evaluate keloid fibroblast (KF) behavior and extracellular matrix synthesis under tension. In vivo skin tension measured in volunteers (n = 4) using 3D image photogrammetry enabled prediction of actual force (35 mN). A novel cell force monitor applied tension in a fibroblast‐populated 3D collagen lattice replicating the in vivo force. The effect of tension on keloid (n = 10) fibroblast (KF) and normal skin (n = 10) fibroblasts (NF) at set time points (6, 12, and 24 hours) was measured in Hsp27, PAI‐2, and α2β1 integrin, tension‐related genes demonstrating significant (p < 0.05) time‐dependent regulation of these genes in NF vs. KF with and without tension. KF showed higher (p < 0.05) proliferation post‐tension. Knockdown of all three genes in 24 and 48 hours with and without tension showed significant down‐regulation in NF vs. KF. Additionally, we show significant (p < 0.05) modification of the expression of extracellular matrix‐related genes post‐tension following down‐regulation of Hsp27, PAI‐2, or α2β1 integrin. Finally, we demonstrate significant alteration in NF compared with KF morphology following knockdown. In conclusion, this study shows induction of tension‐related genes expression following mechano‐regulation in KFs, with potential relevance to its development and therapy.
ARTE E VIDA
Authors: Fabrini Verônica 
Published: July 2014

Este trabalho tem como origem a fala da pesquisadora sobre o tema Arte e Vida na abertura do 3º SPA, Seminário de Pesquisas em Andamento, que teve lugar na ECA-USP, em novembro de 2013. Partindo da ideia de afirmação da vida em Nietzsche e do conceito de epistemologias do sul em Boaventura Sousa Santos, o artigo coloca em questão os modelos epistemológicos assumidos pelas pesquisas em arte no contexto acadêmico brasileiro contemporâneo
Parallelization Strategies for the GPS Radio Occultation Data Assimilation with a Nonlocal Operator in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model
Authors: Zhang Xin , Kuo Ying-Hwa , Chen Shu-Ya , Huang Xiang-Yu , Hsiao Ling-Feng 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The nonlocal excess phase observation operator for assimilating the global positioning system (GPS) radio occultation (RO) sounding data has been proven by some research papers to produce significantly better analyses for numerical weather prediction (NWP) compared to the local refractivity observation operator. However, the high computational cost and the difficulties in parallelization associated with the nonlocal GPS RO operator deter its application in research and operational NWP practices. In this article, two strategies are designed and implemented in the data assimilation system for the Weather Research and Forecasting Model to demonstrate the capability of parallel assimilation of GPS RO profiles with the nonlocal excess phase observation operator. In particular, to solve the parallel load imbalance problem due to the uneven geographic distribution of the GPS RO observations, round-robin scheduling is adopted to distribute GPS RO observations among the processing cores to balance the workload. The wall clock time required to complete a five-iteration minimization on a demonstration Antarctic case with 106 GPS RO observations is reduced from more than 3.5 h with a single processing core to 2.5 min with 106 processing cores. These strategies present the possibility of application of the nonlocal GPS RO excess phase observation operator in operational data assimilation systems with a cutoff time limit.
Effects of a pre-and post-workout protein-carbohydrate supplement in trained crossfit individuals
Authors: Outlaw Jordan J , Wilborn Colin D , Smith-Ryan Abbie E , Hayward Sara E , Urbina Stacie L , Taylor Lem W , Foster Cliffa A 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose was to assess effects of a pre- and a post-workout protein-carbohydrate supplement on CrossFit-specific performance and body composition.

Methods
In an open label randomized study, 13 male and 16 female trained Crossfit participants (mean ± SD; age: 31.87 ± 7.61 yrs, weight: 78.68 ± 16.45 kg, percent body fat: 21.97 ± 9.02) were assessed at 0 and 6 weeks for body composition, VO2max, Wingate peak (WPP) and mean power (WMP), in addition to sport-specific workouts (WOD1: 500 m row, 40 wall balls, 30 push-ups, 20 box jumps, 10 thrusters for time; WOD2: 15 minutes to complete an 800 m run "buy in", followed by as many rounds as possible (AMRAP) of 5 burpees, 10 Kettlebell swings, 15 air squats). The supplement (SUP) group consisted of 19 g of a pre-workout drink (extracts of pomegranate, tart cherry, green and black tea) taken 30 minutes before and a post-workout protein (females: 20 g; males: 40 g) and carbohydrate (females: 40 g; males: 80 g) supplement consumed immediately after each workout. The control (CTL) group consumed only water one hour before or after workouts. Participants completed three (minimum) varied workouts per week at a CrossFit gym as typical to habitual training throughout the six week study. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA (p <0 .05), 95% Confidence Intervals, and Magnitude Inferences.

Results
There were no time × group interactions for body composition, WMP, or WOD1 based on ANOVA statistics. VO2MAX, WPP, and WOD2 results revealed that the pre/post supplements were likely beneficial after 95% Confidence Intervals and Magnitude Inferences analysis.

Conclusion
The combination of proprietary supplements taken for 6 weeks may provide benefits during certain sport-specific performance in trained CrossFit athletes but not others.
Hypocapnia delays subsequent bupivacaine cardiotoxicity in rats under sevoflurane anesthesia
Authors: Yu Shuchun , Mochizuki Toshiaki , Katoh Takasumi , Makino Hiroshi , Kawashima Yuya , Mimuro Soichiro , Sato Shigehito 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Hypocapnia induced following the accidental intravenous infusion of a local anesthetic can mitigate anesthetic toxicity, but the effects of hypocapnia induced prior to local anesthetic infusion are unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of prior hypocapnia on bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.

Methods
Eighteen Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: one receiving sevoflurane with normal ventilation (Control Group) and the other receiving sevoflurane with hyperventilation to induce hypocapnia (Hypocapnia Group). After 30 min, both groups received continuous intravenous infusions of 0.25% bupivacaine at 2 mg · kg−1 · min−1. The time taken to reach 25% and 50% reductions in heart rate (HR; HR-25%, HR-50%) and mean arterial pressure (MAP; MAP-25%, MAP-50%) from the start of bupivacaine infusion were recorded. The difference between HR-25% and MAP-25% was calculated. The times of the first ventricular premature beat (VPB) and final systole were also recorded.

Results
In the Hypocapnia Group, HR-50%, MAP-25%, and MAP-50% were prolonged compared with the Control Group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the interval between HR-25% and MAP-25% and the times between the first VPB and final systole were prolonged in the Hypocapnia Group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
In rats under sevoflurane anesthesia, prior hypocapnia delayed the onset of bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity. Prior hypocapnia should be avoided during continuous bupivacaine nerve block under general anesthesia, because it may delay the detection of cardiotoxicity.
Is the Iranian Traditional Medicine warm and cold temperament related to Basal Metabolic Rate and activity of the sympathetic-parasympathetic system? Study protocol
Authors: Farsani Gholamreza Mohammadi , Movahhed Mina , Motlagh Ahmadreza Dorosty , Hosseini Saeed , Yunesian Masoud , Farsani Taiebeh Mohammadi , Saboor-Yaraghi Ali Akbar , Kamalinejad Mohammad , Djafarian Kurosh , Naseri Mohsen 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Background
Our body’s energy demand consists one of the most essential pillars of medicine. Basically, human beings consume energy to maintain life’s vital processes and the expenditure of this total energy is affected by several factors. From the Iranian Traditional Medicine point of view, temperament is a basic concept that helps in the maintenance of health and treatment of disease. It could be assumed that there is a relationship between the factors affecting temperament and metabolism. In this study, this relationship is investigated by assaying the effect of Thyme and Sumac on the metabolic rate, activity of sympathetic–parasympathetic system and will also compare this effect between warm and cold temperamental people.

Methods
The present study will be conducted in two stages. 1. Based on the standardized questionnaire, the subjects will be divided into two groups including warm and cold temperament. Accordingly, basal metabolic rate, sympathetic-parasympathetic function, thyroid function, body composition and nutritional status of them will be compared. 2. Thermic effect of Thyme and Sumac will be measured by designing a double blind randomized crossover trial study. The subjects in each of the groups will be divided into two subgroups randomly and they will be given a single dose of Thyme or Sumac. They will be monitored for 4 hours at rest. At the beginning and end of the study blood samples will be taken and indirect calorimetry, body temperature, heart rate and blood pressure will be measured in half hour intervals. After a six day wash out period, the crossover investigations will be initiated. The data will be analyzed using the SPSS statistical software and using the equations for crossover clinical study.

Results
After doing study, results will be given.

Conclusion
This study is the first study that evaluates the relationship between human temperament and the metabolic rate, and also the effect of food temperament on some of the chemical, hormonal and functional factors of the body. We believe that the result of our study may create a new window in nutritional science that can be a step forward in improving health.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrial.gov NCT01643096.
The effect of galantamine on brain atrophy rate in subjects with mild cognitive impairment is modified by apolipoprotein E genotype: post-hoc analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Prins Niels D , van der Flier Wiesje A , Knol Dirk L , Fox Nick C , Brashear H Robert , Nye Jeffrey S , Barkhof Frederik , Scheltens Philip 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this investigation was to assess the effect of galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and allosteric modulator of nicotinic receptors, on brain atrophy in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to assess effect modification by apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype.

Methods
We used data from the Galantamine-International-11 (Gal-Int-11) trial, a 24-month, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose (16 to 24 mg daily) study in patients with MCI. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including a 3-dimensional T1-weighted gradient echo volumetric sequence, was performed at screening and at 24 months. We recorded whole brain and hippocampal volumes, and calculated annual atrophy rates. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted mean differences in the rate of whole brain and hippocampal atrophy, between MCI patients treated with galantamine and with placebo. Additionally, we performed stratified analyses according to APOE genotype.

Results
Data from 364 MCI patients with 24-month MRI data (galantamine, n = 176; placebo, n = 188) were included in the volumetric analysis. Subjects treated with galantamine demonstrated a lower rate of whole brain atrophy compared to those treated with placebo (adjusted mean difference 0.18% per year (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04; 0.30)). Stratified analyses according to APOE genotype, showed that this effect was confined to patients who carried an APOE ϵ4 allele (adjusted mean difference 0.28% per year (95% CI 0.07; 0.50)). Rates of hippocampal atrophy did not differ significantly between study groups.

Conclusions
Patients with MCI who were treated with galantamine demonstrated a lower rate of whole brain atrophy, but not of hippocampal atrophy, over a 24-month treatment period, compared to those treated with placebo. This protective effect of galantamine on whole brain atrophy rate in MCI was only present in APOE ϵ4 carriers.
Re-assessment of YAP1 and MCR1 contributions to inhibitor tolerance in robust engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermenting undetoxified lignocellulosic hydrolysate
Authors: Wallace-Salinas Valeria , Signori Lorenzo , Li Ying-Ying , Ask Magnus , Bettiga Maurizio , Porro Danilo , Thevelein Johan M , Branduardi Paola , Foulquié-Moreno María R , Gorwa-Grauslund Marie 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Development of robust yeast strains that can efficiently ferment lignocellulose-based feedstocks is one of the requirements for achieving economically feasible bioethanol production processes. With this goal, several genes have been identified as promising candidates to confer improved tolerance to S. cerevisiae. In most of the cases, however, the evaluation of the genetic modification was performed only in laboratory strains, that is, in strains that are known to be quite sensitive to various types of stresses. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of overexpressing genes encoding the transcription factor (YAP1) and the mitochondrial NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (MCR1), either alone or in combination, in an already robust and xylose-consuming industrial strain of S. cerevisiae and evaluated the effect during the fermentation of undiluted and undetoxified spruce hydrolysate. Overexpression of either gene resulted in faster hexose catabolism, but no cumulative effect was observed with the simultaneous overexpression. The improved phenotype of MCR1 overexpression appeared to be related, at least in part, to a faster furaldehyde reduction capacity, indicating that this reductase may have a wider substrate range than previously reported. Unexpectedly a decreased xylose fermentation rate was also observed in YAP1 overexpressing strains and possible reasons behind this phenotype are discussed.
Microseismic joint location and anisotropic velocity inversion for hydraulic fracturing in a tight Bakken reservoir
Authors: Li Junlun , Li Chang , Morton Scott A. , Dohmen Ted , Katahara Keith , Nafi Toksöz M. 
Published: July 2014

To improve the accuracy of microseismic event locations, we developed a new inversion method with double-difference constraints for determining the hypocenters and the anisotropic velocity model for unconventional reservoirs. We applied this method to a microseismic data set monitoring a Middle Bakken completion in the Beaver Lodge area of North Dakota. Geophone arrays in four observation wells improved the ray coverage for the velocity inversion. Using an accurate anisotropic velocity model is important to correctly assess the height growth of the hydraulically induced fractures in the Middle Bakken. Our results showed that (1) moderate-to-strong anisotropy exists in all studied sedimentary layers, especially in the Upper and Lower Bakken shale formations, where the Thomsen parameters ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) can be greater than 0.4, (2) all the events selected for high signal-to-noise ratio and used for the joint velocity inversion are located in the Bakken and overlying Lodgepole formations, i.e., no events are detected in the Three Forks formation below the Bakken, and (3) more than half of the strong events are in two clusters at approximately 100 and 150 m above the Middle Bakken. Reoccurrence of strong, closely clustered events suggested activation of natural fractures or faults in the Lodgepole formation. The sensitivity analysis for the inversion results showed that the relative uncertainty in parameter [Formula: see text] is larger than other anisotropy parameters. The microseismic event locations and the anisotropic velocity model are validated by comparing synthetic and observed seismic waveforms and by S-wave splitting.
Study on seed anatomy of Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack); a viability perspective
Authors: SOETISNA USEP 
Published: July 2014

Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) is a member of Verbenaceae family. It has been registered on the National Industrial Timber Estate Programme. Its large-scale propagation was usuallly carried out by vegetative or stem cuttings, therefore it had significant limitation. Due to the low germination rate, so the generative propagation was not yet a prime target. Fruits as well as flower biology remain open so intensive study. Beside the case of low germination rate, the purity test on the whole fruits resulted in an assumption on three categories, i.e. (i) low percentage of fruits containing full seeded segment, (ii) fruits posses a splitting mechanism into separate half-seeded fruit, (iii) morphologically difficult to recognize a full-seeded fruit.Â Key words: Peronema canescens, seed, viability.