bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Register‐Based Study of Diseases With an Autosomal Recessive Origin in Small Children in Denmark According to Maternal Country of Origin
Authors: Gundlund Anna , Hansen Anne Vinkel , Pedersen Grete Skøtt , Villadsen Sarah Fredsted , Mortensen Laust Hvas , Brøndum‐Nielsen Karen , Andersen Anne‐Marie Nybo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundCompared with children born of Danish mothers, the mortality of children, born and living in Denmark, is significantly increased in those with a mother from Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Somalia, and Turkey. Consanguinity has been suggested to account for part of this disparity. Since information on consanguinity is lacking, this suggestion is difficult to test. With an indirect approach, we addressed this question by comparing the risk of diseases with autosomal recessive inheritance in children born in Denmark of Danish‐born women and of women born in these five countries, respectively.MethodsAll children born in Denmark (1994–2010) were followed until 5 years of age or end‐of‐study period for the risk of hospitalisation with diseases of autosomal recessive aetiology, and therefore considered consanguinity‐related. Diagnoses of autosomal recessive diseases were identified using two different methods: a literature review of consanguinity‐associated diseases and a search in the Online Catalogue of Human Genes and Genetic Disorders. Risks were also calculated for diseases with known non‐autosomal recessive aetiology (considered non‐consanguinity‐related). We estimated adjusted hazard ratios for the diseases in children of foreign‐born women compared with children of Danish‐born women.ResultsCompared with offspring of Danish‐born women, the risk of a consanguinity‐related disease was significantly increased in children of foreign‐born women, although the absolute risk was low. The risk of non‐consanguinity‐related diseases did not differ between the groups compared.ConclusionsThe findings support the hypothesis that consanguinity accounts for some, however a minor part, of the disparity in child mortality among migrants in Denmark.
When Partisans and Minorities Interact: Interpersonal Contact, Partisanship, and Public Opinion Preferences on Immigration Policy*
Authors: Pearson‐Merkowitz Shanna , Filindra Alexandra , Dyck Joshua J. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveMany studies investigating contact theory have suggested that contact effects are not universal but rather conditional. In this article, we test one form of conditional contact effects. Our approach posits that contact with out‐groups produces support for pro‐minority public policies only when in‐group members are not subject to contrary messages from co‐partisans.MethodsWe use data from an original survey to test this theory in the immigration policy domain.ResultsWe find strong confirmatory evidence that the emergence of contact effects on support for a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants is dependent on party identification.ConclusionWhen information from the social environment and that from the party coincide, they reinforce each other, producing more tolerant policy preferences. However, when the two are not congruent, individuals may use partisanship to help interpret contextual information, thus canceling out the positive effects of intergroup contact on policy opinions.
Assessment of the accuracy and precision of the i‐Smart 30 VET Electrolyte Analyzer in dogs, cats, cattle and pigs
Authors: Kim Han‐Jun , Lee Hye‐Rim , Park Yoon‐Seo , Kyung Soon‐Goo , Do Sun Hee 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundPerformance evaluation of point‐of‐care (POC) electrolyte analyzers is essential for determining their precision and accuracy in clinical practice.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to validate the i‐Smart 30 VET Electrolyte Analyzer for canine, feline, bovine, and porcine samples in comparison with the ion‐selective electrolyte analyzer Roche 9180 electrolyte analyzer.MethodsA total of 400 heparinized whole blood samples were collected and analyzed by both instruments for sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations. Within‐run, between‐day, and total imprecision were evaluated. Statistical analyses included tests for correlation, regression, bias, and total error.ResultsThe coefficients of variation (CV) of both within‐run and between‐day imprecisions in the i‐Smart 30 VET ranged from 0.4–1.6%. In addition, total CV (0.3–1.7%) and total error (0.7–3.7%) of the i‐Smart 30 VET were acceptable according to the ASVCP guidelines (< 5%). The correlation between the i‐Smart 30 VET and the Roche 9180 was excellent (r > .98). There was no proportional error according to the regression (slope ranges 0.92–1.00, 95% CI includes 1.00), but a constant error was detected for sodium concentration in dogs (interval = 0.5), cattle (interval = 3.0), and pigs (interval = 4.0), and for chloride concentration in cats (interval = 1.0). Most of the bias was within 95% CI, and the total error range (0.8–3.5%) was acceptable according to ASVCP guidelines.ConclusionThe i‐Smart 30 VET Electrolyte Analyzer provides precise and accurate measurements of sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations in whole blood samples from dogs, cats, cattle, and pigs.
Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in three cases of canine naproxen overdose
Authors: Herring Jennifer M. , McMichael Maureen A. , Corsi Raffaella , Wurlod Virginie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo report a case series of canine naproxen overdoses successfully treated with intravenous lipid emulsion therapy (IVLE).Series SummaryThree dogs were presented for acute ingestion of naproxen and were treated with IVLE. Baseline and post treatment serum naproxen concentrations were measured. The first exposure involved ingestion of 61 mg/kg of an over‐the‐counter naproxen formulation in a 7‐month‐old male intact Labrador Retriever. Pre‐IVLE toxin concentration assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was 73 μg/mL with a one‐hour post‐IVLE concentration decreasing to 30 μg/mL. The second and third exposures were 3‐year‐old female spayed Pembroke Welsh Corgi dogs from the same family, presented for potential ingestion of up to 207 mg/kg of a prescription strength naproxen formulation. Pre‐IVLE naproxen concentration by HPLC for case 2 was 30 μg/mL with a reduction to 12 μg/mL and 7.2 μg/mL 1 and 3 hours post‐IVLE treatment, respectively. For case 3, pre‐IVLE naproxen concentration by HPLC was 86 μg/mL with post concentrations at 21 μg/mL one hour and 10 μg/mL 3 hours post‐IVLE administration.New or Unique Information ProvidedNaproxen is a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug with a long half‐life and narrow margin of safety in dogs. Ingestion of > 5 mg/kg has been associated with adverse gastrointestinal effects, including ulceration. At doses > 10–25 mg/kg, acute kidney failure has been reported, and at doses > 50 mg/kg, neurologic abnormalities occur. This is the first reported use of IVLE for treatment of naproxen overdose with documented decrease in serum toxin concentrations shortly after administration. No long‐standing gastrointestinal, renal, or neurologic effects occurred in these dogs.
Computerised clinical decision support systems to improve medication safety in long-term care homes: a systematic review
Authors: Marasinghe Keshini Madara 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesComputerised clinical decision support systems (CCDSS) are used to improve the quality of care in various healthcare settings. This systematic review evaluated the impact of CCDSS on improving medication safety in long-term care homes (LTC). Medication safety in older populations is an important health concern as inappropriate medication use can elevate the risk of potentially severe outcomes (ie, adverse drug reactions, ADR). With an increasing ageing population, greater use of LTC by the growing ageing population and increasing number of medication-related health issues in LTC, strategies to improve medication safety are essential.MethodsDatabases searched included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane Library. Three groups of keywords were combined: those relating to LTC, medication safety and CCDSS. One reviewer undertook screening and quality assessment.ResultsOverall findings suggest that CCDSS in LTC improved the quality of prescribing decisions (ie, appropriate medication orders), detected ADR, triggered warning messages (ie, related to central nervous system side effects, drug-associated constipation, renal insufficiency) and reduced injury risk among older adults.ConclusionsCCDSS have received little attention in LTC, as attested by the limited published literature. With an increasing ageing population, greater use of LTC by the ageing population and increased workload for health professionals, merely relying on physicians’ judgement on medication safety would not be sufficient. CCDSS to improve medication safety and enhance the quality of prescribing decisions are essential. Analysis of review findings indicates that CCDSS are beneficial, effective and have potential to improve medication safety in LTC; however, the use of CCDSS in LTC is scarce. Careful assessment on the impact of CCDSS on medication safety and further modifications to existing CCDSS are recommended for wider acceptance. Due to scant evidence in the current literature, further research on implementation and effectiveness of CCDSS is required.
Demographic and socioeconomic disparity in nutrition: application of a novel Correlated Component Regression approach
Authors: Alkerwi Ala'a , Vernier Céderic , Sauvageot Nicolas , Crichton Georgina E , Elias Merrill F 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the most important demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with diet quality, evaluated in terms of compliance with national dietary recommendations, selection of healthy and unhealthy food choices, energy density and food variety. We hypothesised that different demographic and socioeconomic factors may show disparate associations with diet quality.Study designA nationwide, cross-sectional, population-based study.ParticipantsA total of 1352 apparently healthy and non-institutionalised subjects, aged 18–69 years, participated in the Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg (ORISCAV-LUX) study in 2007–2008. The participants attended the nearest study centre after a telephone appointment, and were interviewed by trained research staff.Outcome measuresDiet quality as measured by 5 dietary indicators, namely, recommendation compliance index (RCI), recommended foods score (RFS), non-recommended foods score (non-RFS), energy density score (EDS), and dietary diversity score (DDS). The novel Correlated Component Regression (CCR) technique was used to determine the importance and magnitude of the association of each socioeconomic factor with diet quality, in a global analytic approach.ResultsIncreasing age, being male and living below the poverty threshold were predominant factors associated with eating a high energy density diet. Education level was an important factor associated with healthy and adequate food choices, whereas economic resources were predominant factors associated with food diversity and energy density.ConclusionsMultiple demographic and socioeconomic circumstances were associated with different diet quality indicators. Efforts to improve diet quality for high-risk groups need an important public health focus.
Health Canada's use of its priority review process for new drugs: a cohort study
Authors: Lexchin Joel 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesPriority reviews of new drug applications are resource intensive and drugs approved through this process have a greater likelihood of acquiring a serious safety warning compared to drugs approved through the standard process. Therefore, when Health Canada uses priority reviews, it is important that it accurately identifies products that represent a significant therapeutic advance. The purpose of this study is to compare Health Canada's use of priority reviews to therapeutic ratings from two independent organisations, the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board (PMPRB) and the French drug bulletin Prescrire International, over the period 1 January 1997–31 December 2012.DesignCohort study.Data sourcesAnnual reports of the Therapeutic Products Directorate, and the Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate; evaluations of therapeutic innovation from PMPRB and Prescrire International; WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology.InterventionsAssessments by PMPRB and Prescrire International treated as a gold standard for postmarket therapeutic value.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDrug-by-drug comparison between the review status from Health Canada and the therapeutic status from PMPRB/Prescrire using κ values, and positive and negative predictive values. Analysis of the per cent of all new drug applications put into the priority review category over the 16-year period.ResultsHealth Canada approved 426 new drugs, and 345 were evaluated by PMPRB and/or Prescrire. 91 had a priority review and 52 were assessed as innovative (p=0.0003). Agreement between Health Canada and PMPRB/Prescrire was only fair (κ=0.330). The positive predictive value for Health Canada's review assignments was 36.3% and the negative predictive value was 92.5%.ConclusionsHealth Canada's assignment of a priority approval to a new drug submission is only a fair predictor of the drug's therapeutic value once it is marketed. Health Canada should review its criteria for using priority reviews.
Association between mobile phone use and self-reported well-being in children: a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China
Authors: Zheng Feizhou , Gao Peng , He Mindi , Li Min , Tan Jin , Chen Daiwei , Zhou Zhou , Yu Zhengping , Zhang Lei 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesIn the past decade, the mobile phone (MP) has become extremely popular among children and the average age at which children own their first MP has decreased. The potential health effects of children’s exposure to MP have been the subject of widespread public concern. The aim of our study is to investigate the associations between MP use and well-being in children.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe questionnaires were completed in class with items regarding demographics, MP usage, self-reported well-being (symptoms were taken from the questionnaire of the HBSC survey) and possible confounding factors between October 2011 and May 2012 in Chongqing, China. Data were analysed using χ2tests and logistic regression models.ParticipantsAmong the 793 children invited to participate, 781 returned the questionnaires.ResultsIn total, 746 (94.1%) valid questionnaires were received. Fatigue was significantly associated with the years of MP usage (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.07 to 3.22) and the daily duration of MP calls (OR 2.98; 95% CI 1.46 to 6.12). Headache was significantly associated with the daily duration of MP calls (OR 2.85; 95% CI 1.23 to 6.57). However, after adjusting for confounders only, the association between fatigue and MP usage remained statistically significant. There was no significant association between MP use and other physical symptoms in children.ConclusionsThe present study indicated that there was a consistent significant association between MP use and fatigue in children. Further in-depth research is needed to explore the potential health effects of MP use in children.
Interventions for the prediction and management of chronic postsurgical pain after total knee replacement: systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Beswick Andrew D , Wylde Vikki , Gooberman-Hill Rachael 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesTotal knee replacement can be a successful operation for pain relief. However, 10–34% of patients experience chronic postsurgical pain. Our aim was to synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of applying predictive models to guide preventive treatment, and for interventions in the management of chronic pain after total knee replacement.SettingWe conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials using appropriate search strategies in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to October 2014. No language restrictions were applied.ParticipantsAdult patients receiving total knee replacement.InterventionsPredictive models to guide treatment for prevention of chronic pain. Interventions for management of chronic pain.Primary and secondary outcome measuresReporting of specific outcomes was not an eligibility criterion but we sought outcomes relating to pain severity.ResultsNo studies evaluated the effectiveness of predictive models in guiding treatment and improving outcomes after total knee replacement. One study evaluated an intervention for the management of chronic pain. The trial evaluated the use of a botulinum toxin A injection with antinociceptive and anticholinergic activity in 49 patients with chronic postsurgical pain after knee replacement. A single injection provided meaningful pain relief for about 40 days and the authors acknowledged the need for a large trial with repeated injections. No trials of multidisciplinary interventions or individualised treatments were identified.ConclusionsOur systematic review highlights a lack of evidence about the effectiveness of prediction and management strategies for chronic postsurgical pain after total knee replacement. As a large number of people are affected by chronic pain after total knee replacement, development of an evidence base about care for these patients should be a research priority.
GlideScope video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy in the emergency department: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Choi Hyuk Joong , Kim Young-Min , Oh Young Min , Kang Hyung Goo , Yim Hyun Woo , Jeong Seung Hee 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the use of a GlideScope video laryngoscope (GVL) improves first-attempt intubation success compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope (MAC) in the emergency department (ED).DesignA propensity score-matched analysis of data from a prospective multicentre ED airway registry—the Korean Emergency Airway Management Registry (KEAMR).Setting4 academic EDs located in a metropolitan city and a province in South Korea.ParticipantsA total of 4041 adult patients without cardiac arrest who underwent emergency intubation from January 2007 to December 2010.Outcome measuresThe primary and secondary outcomes were successful first intubation attempt and intubation failure, respectively. To reduce the selection bias and potential confounding effects, we rigorously adjusted for the baseline differences between two groups using a propensity score matching.ResultsOf the 4041 eligible patients, a GVL was initially used in 540 patients (13.4%). Using 1:2 propensity score matching, 363 and 726 patients were assigned to the GVL and MAC groups, respectively. The adjusted relative risks (95% CIs) for the first-attempt success rates with a GVL compared with a MAC were 0.76 (0.56 to 1.04; p=0.084) and the respective intubation failure rates 1.03(0.99 to 1.07; p=0.157). Regarding the subgroups, the first-attempt success of the senior residents and attending physicians was lower with the GVL (0.47 (0.23 to 0.98), p=0.043). In the patients with slight intubation difficulty, the first-attempt success was lower (0.60 (0.41 to 0.88), p=0.008) and the intubation failure was higher with the GVL (1.07 (1.02 to 1.13), p=0.008).ConclusionsIn this propensity score-matched analysis of data from a prospective multicentre ED airway registry, the overall first-attempt intubation success and failure rates did not differ significantly between GVL and MAC in the ED setting. Further randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm our findings.
Keeping patients with epilepsy safe: a surmountable challenge?
Authors: Shankar Rohit , Newman Craig , Hanna Jane , ashton juliet , Jory Caryn , McLean Brendan , Anderson Tamsyn , Walker Matthew , cox david , Ewins Liz 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis quality improvement project was inspired as an answer to a problem that intellectual disability teams have been struggling to manage whilst caring for people with epilepsy (PWE). The issue was that despite guidance to discuss the possibility of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) be discussed with a newly diagnosed PWE this is rarely done. Additionally when, how, and what to discuss about SUDEP and reduce its risk is arbitrary, non-person centred, and with no structured evidence.Prior to initiating changes a discussion of SUDEP was recorded in just 10% of PWE. We introduced a check-list to help identify risk factors for SUDEP. We then modified the check-list, and then used it via telehealth, a way of contacting patients and their carers over the phone using the check-list approach. Following interventions, discussions of SUDEP are now recorded in 80% of PWE. Feedback from patients, carers and primary and secondary care professionals has been positive.We are now developing an app so that patients and carers can monitor their own risk factors, thus empowering them and increasing their knowledge and awareness of SUDEP.
The use of conscious sedation in elective external direct current cardioversion: a single centre experience
Authors: Lobo Ronstan , Kiernan Thomas 
Published: May 2015

AbstractExternal direct current (DC) cardioversion is a commonly used method of terminating atrial arrhythmias. The chance of procedural success is inversely related to the duration of the arrhythmia. In many hospitals, the procedure is carried out under general anaesthesia, necessitating the presence of anaesthetic as well as medical staff. Frequently, it may be difficult to coordinate the availability of the two teams, causing delays to each patient, waste of staff time, an inefficient service and increased costs. The primary aim of the study was to determine the safety and tolerability of conscious sedation using intravenous midazolam in elective external DC cardioversion of patients with atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation attending University Hospital Limerick, Ireland.Patients who were electively admitted for DC cardioversion for atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter were recruited. A pre-defined sedation protocol using intravenous midazolam was used. The midazolam was given by the cardiology registrar without the presence of an anaesthetist. DC cardioversion was then performed according to the hospital protocol. Any complications arising during the procedure were noted. Prior to discharge, patients were given a questionnaire to determine their awareness of the procedure and if they would have the procedure done again in the future if needed.A total of 100 patients were recruited. The median number of shocks was one (highest number of shocks being four). The median dose of midazolam was 7.5 mg, with the highest dose being 20 mg. All of patients surveyed were not aware of the shock that was administered to them. All of the patients surveyed were happy with the service and would be happy to return for a repeat cardioversion in the future if required.The use of conscious sedation for DC cardioversion of patients with atrial fibrillation / atrial flutter was found to be safe and tolerable.