bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safe surgical strategy for extracardiac conduit replacement in common arterial trunk
Authors: Karl Tom R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRepair of common arterial trunk using an extracardiac right ventricular to pulmonary arterial conduit is the preferred method in most cardiac surgical centres. Reoperation is a fact of life for survivors of common arterial trunk and related cardiac lesions who have undergone such repairs. Long-term survivors may require periodic conduit revisions, with a potentially escalating technical difficulty and risk. Herein we present an analysis of the currently available choices for extracardiac conduits, and outline what we consider to be a safe and reliable surgical strategy for conduit revision.
The role of research for sustainable paediatric cardiac programmes in developing countries
Authors: Mavroudis Constantine D. , Mavroudis Constantine , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Siegel Allison 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSignificant challenges face developing countries as a result of the maldistribution of access to healthcare throughout the world, specifically access to paediatric cardiac care. Sustainable paediatric cardiac programmes must be established in developing countries to provide care to all children with congenital heart disease. Education and research are essential components to sustainable paediatric cardiac programmes in developing countries to define local problems and the incidence of disease, and to generate solutions thereto related. Research can contribute to developing local expertise, improving technology, providing opportunities for local talent, generating financial resources, enhancing the dignity of people, and the facilitating resolution of health problems throughout the world. Clinical trials conducted in developing countries should meet the same ethical standards as trials based in developed countries.
Long-term management of adults with conotruncal lesions: the diagnostic approach at All Children's Hospital
Authors: Dadlani Gul H. , Braley Katherine , Sochet Anthony , Marcet Kristen , Leshko Jennifer , Turpin Dima , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Martinez Richard 
Published: January 2013

AbstractImproved survival in children with complex congenital cardiac disease, such as conotruncal abnormalities, has created a sub-population of children and young adults who need comprehensive multi-disciplinary long-term follow-up. Routine surveillance with comprehensive screening for structural heart disease, functional heart disease, thromboembolic disease, arrhythmias, and associated end-organ dysfunction is important. Future research will better define the care plans for routine surveillance in patients with conotruncal abnormalities.
The World Congress of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery: “The Olympics of our Profession”
Authors: Hugo-Hamman Christopher , Jacobs Jeffery Phillip 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe first World Congress of Paediatric Cardiology was held in London, United Kingdom, in 1980, organised by Dr Jane Somerville and Prof. Fergus Macartney. The idea was that of Jane Somerville, who worked with enormous energy and enthusiasm to bring together paediatric cardiologists and surgeons from around the world. The 2nd World Congress of Paediatric Cardiology took place in New York in 1985, organised by Bill Rashkind, Mary Ellen Engle, and Eugene Doyle. The 3rd World Congress of Paediatric Cardiology was held in Bangkok, Thailand, in 1989, organised by Chompol Vongraprateep. Although cardiac surgeons were heavily involved in these early meetings, a separate World Congress of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery was held in Bergamo, Italy, in 1988, organised by Lucio Parenzan. Thereafter, it was recognised that surgeons and cardiologists working on the same problems and driven by a desire to help children should really rather meet together. A momentous decision was taken to initiate a Joint World Congress of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery. A steering committee was established with membership comprising the main organisers of the four separate previous Congresses, and additional members were recruited in an effort to achieve numerical equality of cardiologists and surgeons and a broad geographical representation. The historic 1st “World Congress of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery” took place in Paris in June, 1993, organised by Jean Kachaner. The next was to be held in Japan, but the catastrophic Kobe earthquake in 1995 forced relocation to Hawaii in 1997. Then followed Toronto, Canada (2001, organised by Bill Williams and Lee Benson), Buenos Aires, Argentina (2005, organised by Horatio Capelli and Guillermo Kreutzer), and most recently Cairns, Australia (2009, organised by Jim Wilkinson). Having visited Europe (1993), Asia-Pacific (1997), North America (2001), South America (2005), and Australia (2009), and reflecting the “African Renaissance”, the World Congress is coming to Africa. The 6th World Congress of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery will be held in Cape Town, South Africa, from 17 to 22 February, 2013. Cape Town is a sublime and compelling African destination with irresistible appeal. The South African Heart Association is the host. Information about The 6th World Congress of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery can be found at http://www.pccs2013.co.za.
Flow-sensitive four-dimensional velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging reveals abnormal blood flow patterns in the aorta and pulmonary trunk of patients with transposition
Authors: Riesenkampff Eugénie , Nordmeyer Sarah , Al-Wakeel Nadya , Kropf Siegfried , Kutty Shelby , Berger Felix , Kuehne Titus 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground and objectivesFlow profiles are important determinants of fluid–vessel wall interactions. The aim of this study was to assess blood flow profiles in the aorta and pulmonary trunk in patients with transposition and different ventriculoarterial connection, and hence different mechanics of the coherent pump.MethodsIn all, 29 patients with operated transposition – concordant atrioventricular and discordant ventriculoarterial connection, and no other cardiac malformation – and eight healthy volunteers were assessed with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: n = 17 patients after atrial redirection, with a morphologic right ventricle acting as systemic pump and a morphologic left ventricle connected to the pulmonary trunk, and n = 12 patients after the arterial switch procedure, with physiologic ventriculoarterial connections. Flow-sensitive four-dimensional velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging was used to analyse systolic flow patterns in the aorta and pulmonary trunk, relating to helical flow and vortex formation.ResultsIn the aorta, overall helicity was present in healthy volunteers, but it was absent in all patients independent on the operation technique. Partial helices were observed in the ascending aorta of 58% of patients after arterial switch. In the pulmonary trunk, mostly parallel flow was seen in healthy volunteers and in patients after arterial switch, whereas vortex formation was present in 88% of patients after atrial redirection.ConclusionBlood flow patterns differ substantially between the groups. In addition to varying mechanics of the coherent pumping ventricles, the absent overall helicity in all patients might be explained by the missing looping of the aorta in transposition.
Laboratory-Based Cryogenic Soft X-Ray Tomography with Correlative Cryo-Light and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Carlson David B. , Gelb Jeff , Palshin Vadim , Evans James E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHere we present a novel laboratory-based cryogenic soft X-ray microscope for whole cell tomography of frozen hydrated samples. We demonstrate the capabilities of this compact cryogenic microscope by visualizing internal subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The microscope is shown to achieve better than 50 nm half-pitch spatial resolution with a Siemens star test sample. For whole biological cells, the microscope can image specimens up to 5 μm thick. Structures as small as 90 nm can be detected in tomographic reconstructions following a low cumulative radiation dose of only 7.2 MGy. Furthermore, the design of the specimen chamber utilizes a standard sample support that permits multimodal correlative imaging of the exact same unstained yeast cell via cryo-fluorescence light microscopy, cryo-soft X-ray microscopy, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy. This completely laboratory-based cryogenic soft X-ray microscope will enable greater access to three-dimensional ultrastructure determination of biological whole cells without chemical fixation or physical sectioning.
Comparison of 2 Clostridium difficile Surveillance Methods National Healthcare Safely Network's Laboratory-Identified Event Reporting Module versus Clinical Infection Surveillance
Authors: Gase Kathleen A. , Haley Valerie B. , Xiong Kuangnan , Antwerpen Carole Van , Stricof Rachel L. 
Published: January 2013

Objective.To determine whether the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) laboratory-identified (LabID) event reporting module for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an adequate proxy measure of clinical CDI for public reporting purposes by comparing the 2 surveillance methods.Design.Validation study.Setting.Thirty New York State acute care hospitals.Methods.Six months of data were collected by 30 facilities using a clinical infection surveillance definition while also submitting the NHSN LabID event for CDI. The data sets were matched and compared to determine whether the assigned clinical case status matched the LabID case status. A subset of mismatches was evaluated further, and reasons for the mismatches were quantified. Infection rates determined using the 2 definitions were compared.Results.A total of 3,301 CDI cases were reported. Analysis of the original data yielded a 67.3% (2,223/3,301) overall case status match. After review and validation, there was 81.3% (2,683/3,301) agreement. The most common reason for disagreement (54.9%) occurred because the symptom onset was less than 48 hours after admission but the positive specimen was collected on hospital day 4 or later. The NHSN LabID hospital onset rate was 29% higher than the corresponding clinical rate and was generally consistent across all hospitals.Conclusions.Use of the NHSN LabID event minimizes the burden of surveillance and standardizes the process. With a greater than 80% match between the NHSN LabID event data and the clinical infection surveillance data, the New York State Department of Health made the decision to use the NHSN LabID event CDI data for public reporting purposes.
Design or pragmatic evolution: applying ITQs in EU fisheries management
Authors: van Hoof Luc 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Van Hoof, L. 2013. Design or pragmatic evolution: applying ITQs in EU fisheries management. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 462–470. Among the proposals for the 2012 revision of the EU Common Fisheries Policy, a strong case is made for the introduction of a system of rights-based management. The EU perceives individual fishing concessions as an important instrument for capacity management. We will use the introduction of individual tradable quotas in the management of the Dutch North Sea beam trawl fisheries as a case for exploring the effect of the introduction of such an instrument. The effect will be assessed in terms of reduction of fishing capacity in the Dutch beam trawl fleet and its economic and social impact. These Dutch experiences will be translated to the current debate on the reform of the EU Common Fisheries Policy. Especially, we will focus on the issues of "relative stability", the concentration of rights, and the effects on the small-scale fisheries sector. Some of the negative effects associated with individual tradable rights can be addressed through design. However, trying to maintain stability and counter perceived negative impacts on fishing communities will modify the effect of introducing individual fishing concessions.
Small-scale spatial structuring of burrowed sandeels and the catching properties of the dredge
Authors: Johnsen Espen , Harbitz Alf 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Johnsen, E., and Harbitz, A. 2013. Small-scale spatial structuring of burrowed sandeels and the catching properties of the dredge – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 379–386. The lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) remains burrowed for long periods in the seabed in sandy areas, and its habitat preference is reflected in a large-scale (10 km) patchy distribution in the North Sea. The small-scale spatial structure of sandeels in the seabed is less known. In this study, it was found that sandeel catches in grabs and dredges fit gamma distributions with a common shape parameter on both a 10 m and a 100 m scale. These spatial models were used to examine the catching properties of the dredge, which, in the new ICES sandeel assessment, is used to estimate recruitment and maturity curves. Analyses of the empirical data and simulations of the dredge and grab catch rates show very low dredge catchability (∼5%), but no length-dependent catchability in the dredge was found. However, analyses of the catch rates of parallel dredge hauls indicated increasing dredge catchability with sandeel density. The observed small-scale patchiness and the low and seemingly density-dependent dredge catchability result in biased abundance estimates with low precision. Therefore, we recommend a joint international effort to develop a more catch-efficient sampling dredge, where the effect of density on catchability is further examined.
Mannitol, a compatible solute synthesized by Acinetobacter baylyi in a two‐step pathway including a salt‐induced and salt‐dependent mannitol‐1‐phosphate dehydrogenase
Authors: Sand Miriam , Mingote Ana I. , Santos Helena , Müller Volker , Averhoff Beate 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe nutritionally versatile and naturally competent soil bacterium Acinetobacter baylyi copes with salt stress by the accumulation of compatible solutes. NMR analyses revealed that cells amassed glutamate and the rather unusual sugar alcohol mannitol upon an increase of the external NaCl concentration. To unravel the path of mannitol biosynthesis, the genome was inspected for genes potentially involved in its biosynthesis. A gene encoding a potential mannitol‐1‐phosphate dehydrogenase (mtlD) was identified in the genome of A. baylyi. Expression of mtlD was highly induced at high salinity. mtlD was overexpressed and the purified protein indeed produced mannitol‐1‐phosphate from fructose‐6‐phosphate. The enzyme preferred NADPH over NADH and the specific activity of fructose‐6‐phosphate reduction with NADPH was 130 U mg−1. Enzymatic activity was strictly salt‐dependent. Deletion of mtlD resulted in a complete loss of salt‐dependent mannitol biosynthesis. We provide clear evidence that osmo‐induced synthesis of the compatible solute mannitol is by a two‐step pathway and that the mannitol‐1‐phosphate dehydrogenase mediating the first step of this pathway is regulated by salinity on the transcriptional as well as on the activity level.
Optimisation of process conditions for lactose hydrolysis in paneer whey with cold‐active β‐galactosidase from psychrophilic Thalassospira frigidphilosprofundus
Authors: Ghosh Mrinmoy , Pulicherla Krishna Kanth , Rekha Venkata Perumal Babu , Vijayanand Adapa , Sambasiva Rao Krothapalli Raja Surya 
Published: January 2013

The present study was conducted to analyse the physiochemical properties of Indian paneer whey. High concentration of minerals such as potassium, calcium, zinc and sodium, as NaCl, were observed which indicates the suitability of paneer whey in the preparation of beverages. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimise the hydrolysis of lactose from whey using cold‐active β‐galactosidase of Thalassospira frigidphilosprofundus. Results indicated that 80% of lactose was hydrolysed at pH of 6.5 at 20 °C in 40 min in comparison with 40% at 30 °C. This emphasises the potential use of cold‐active β‐galactosidase in dairy industry.
Effect of misoprostol versus oxytocin during caesarean section: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hua J , Chen G , Xing F , Scott M , Li Q 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundThe efficacy of misoprostol versus oxytocin for reducing blood loss during caesarean section remains unclear.ObjectivesTo conduct a meta‐analysis comparing the efficacy of misoprostol with that of oxytocin in reducing blood loss during caesarean section.Search strategyWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using the keywords ‘misoprostol’, ‘oxytocin’ and ‘caesarean section’.Selection criteriaRefereed publications examining the efficacy of misoprostol and oxytocin for reducing blood loss during caesarean section.Data collection and analysisTwo of the authors independently abstracted data from original articles. A fixed‐effects or random‐effects model was used, depending on the heterogeneity of the data, to estimate the risk ratio (RR), risk difference (RD) or weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).Main resultsA total of 646 pregnant women were included in this analysis. There was a significant difference in estimated blood loss between the misoprostol and the oxytocin groups (WMD–64.09; 95% CI−119.86–−8.31). However, differences in haemoglobin levels (WMD–0.04; 95% CI−0.18–0.10), additional oxytocic therapy requirements (RD .03; 95% CI −0.04–0.10) and blood transfusion requirements (RD 0.00; 95% CI−0.03–0.02) between the two groups failed to reach statistical significance. The incidence of postoperative shivering/pyrexia was significantly higher in the misoprostol group, compared with the oxytocin group (RR 3.23; 95% CI 1.41–7.39).Authors' conclusionsThe results suggest that misoprostol is as effective as oxytocin for reducing blood loss during caesarean section. However, further research into treatment strategies is needed.
Models of Site‐choice for Walks in Rural Ireland: Exploring Cost Heterogeneity
Authors: Doherty Edel , Campbell Danny , Hynes Stephen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFarmland can confer significant public good benefits to society aside from its role in agricultural production. In this article, we investigate preferences of rural residents for the use of farmland as a recreational resource. In particular, we use a choice experiment to determine preferences for the development of farmland walking trails. Our modelling approach uses a series of mixed logit models to assess the impact of alternative distributional assumptions for the cost coefficient on the welfare estimates associated with the provision of the trails. Our results reveal that using a mixture of discrete and continuous distributions to represent cost heterogeneity leads to a better model fit and lower welfare estimates. Our results further reveal that Irish rural residents show positive preferences for the development of farmland walking trails in the Irish countryside.
Is Input Mix Inefficiency Neglected in Agriculture? A Case Study of Pig‐based Farming Systems in England and Wales
Authors: Hadley David , Fleming Euan , Villano Renato 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe principal concern of this article is the relative importance of input mix as a source of inefficiency. Emphasis in efficiency analysis studies in agricultural production has historically focused on technical inefficiency as a single concept until methodological advances enabled it to be decomposed into pure technical inefficiency and scale inefficiency. But, this advance was insufficient to identify what we consider to be the major source of inefficiency in agricultural production, namely mix inefficiency. We consider that farm enterprises may be particularly susceptible to input mix inefficiency because of restrictions on movement around the frontier isoquant; delays in the adoption of improved technologies embodied in new vintages of production processes; risk as a source of friction in input allocation decisions; and the potential for inconsistency in simultaneously attempting to reach points of allocative efficiency and mix efficiency in input use. We use non‐parametric methods to calculate a Hicks–Moorsteen productivity index using panel data for a sample of specialised pig producers in England and Wales. This index is then decomposed into measures of technology, technical efficiency, scale efficiency and mix efficiency for an input orientation. Results of the analysis show that the estimated mean mix inefficiency (0.736) was substantially larger than mean technical inefficiency (0.975) and mean scale inefficiency (0.957) over the study period.
H+‐ATPase‐Defective Variants of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Contribute to Inhibition of Postacidification of Yogurt during Chilled Storage
Authors: Wang Xinhui , Ren Hongyang , Liu Dayu , Wang Bing , Zhu Wenyou , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2013

Abstract Continued acid production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus during the chilled storage of yogurt is the major cause of postacidification, resulting in a short shelf life. Two H+‐ATPase defective variants of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus were successfully isolated and their H+‐ATPase activities were reduced by 51.3% and 34.3%, respectively. It was shown that growth and acid production of variants were remarkably inhibited. The variants were more sensitive to acidic condition and had a significant rate for inactivation of H+‐ATPase by N, N‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), along with a low H+‐extrusion, suggesting that H+‐ATPase is direct response for H+‐extrusion. In addition, the variants were also more sensitive to NaCl, while H+‐ATPase activities of variants and parent strain were significantly enhanced by NaCl stress. Obviously, H+‐ATPase might be involved in Na+ transportation. Furthermore, variants were inoculated in fermented milk to ferment yogurt. There was no significant difference in flavor, whereas the postacidification of yogurt during chilled storage was remarkably inhibited. It is suggested that application of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus with reduced H+‐ATPase activity in yogurt fermentation is one of effect, economic and simple avenues of inhibiting postacidification of yogurt during refrigerated storage, giving a longer shelf life.Practical Application:  During yogurt fermentation, continued acid production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus during the chilled storage of yogurt leads to milk fermentation with high postacidification, resulting in a short shelf life. In this work, 2 acid‐sensitive variant strains of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus were isolated. The characteristics related to H+‐ATPase were compared and it was observed that milk fermented by the variants had lower postacidification, giving a longer shelf life. Application of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus with reduced H+‐ATPase activity in yogurt fermentation might be one of effect, economic and simple avenues of inhibiting yogurt postacidification during chilled storage, giving a longer shelf life.