bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Impairments Mediate Association Between Clinical Fracture Risk and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Older Women
Authors: Lee Richard H. , Pieper Carl F. , Colón‐Emeric Cathleen 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of functional impairments in older women with diabetes mellitus (DM) on incident clinical fractures.DesignSecondary analysis of two large prospective cohort studies.SettingNorth Carolina Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) and Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trials.ParticipantsEPESE included 2,704 community‐dwelling women aged 65 and older; WHI clinical trials included 68,125 postmenopausal women.MeasurementsWomen with DM at baseline were compared with women without in successive Cox proportional hazards models. Functional limitations were determined according to self‐reported difficulties with activities of daily living (ADLs) and physical activities.ResultsThe risk of any clinical fracture during the study period was greater in women with DM, after controlling for age, race and ethnicity, and body mass index, in the EPESE (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–1.72) and WHI (HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.19–1.39) cohorts. After inclusion of functional limitations, the greater risk of fracture associated with DM decreased in the EPESE (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.98–1.59) and WHI (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.12–1.31) cohorts. In participants with DM, difficulties with moderate physical activities, such as bending or stooping, walking several blocks, and heavy housework, were significantly associated with incident fracture (P < .05).ConclusionOlder women with DM are at greater risk of clinical fractures than those without, independent of bone mineral density. Greater functional impairment in moderate physical activities mediates this greater fracture risk in part, although there remains an unexplained residual DM–associated risk for fracture.
Palonosetron in combination with 1‐day versus 3‐day dexamethasone for prevention of nausea and vomiting following paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with gynecologic cancers: A randomized, multicenter, phase‐II trial
Authors: Matsuura Motoki , Satohisa Seiro , Teramoto Mizue , Tanaka Ryoichi , Iwasaki Masahiro , Nishikawa Akira , Mizunuma Masahiro , Tanaka Satoshi , Hayakawa Osamu , Saito Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimChemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can affect a patient's quality of life, leading to poor compliance with further treatments. Previous studies have provided minimal data about carboplatin‐based regimens. Female sex is a known risk factor for CINV. The purpose of this study was to evaluate palonosetron plus single‐dose dexamethasone (DEX) for preventing CINV caused by carboplatin plus paclitaxel combination therapy (TC regimen) in patients with gynecologic cancers.Material and MethodsPatients were recruited for this phase‐II, multicenter, randomized trial from 12 hospitals in Hokkaido, Japan. Eligible patients were women with uterine cervical, endometrial or ovarian cancer scheduled to receive conventional TC regimen or dose‐dense TC regimen; 116 patients were randomly assigned to receive palonosetron in combination with 1‐day DEX or 3‐day DEX.ResultsDuring the overall period, complete response (CR) was observed in 67.9% (95% confidence interval, 53.7–80.1) of patients in the 3‐day DEX arm, and 60.7% (95% confidence interval, 46.8–73.5) of patients in the 1‐day DEX arm; CR was significantly lower in the 1‐day DEX arm if motion sickness was already present (P = 0.0370). In the severe hyperemesis gravidarum cohort, CR in the 1‐day DEX arm tended to be lower than in the 3‐day DEX arm.ConclusionCombination therapy of palonosetron and 1‐day DEX was effective for subjects undergoing a TC regimen for gynecologic cancers. However, the possibility of reduced efficacy of 1‐day only DEX therapy in women undergoing a TC regimen could not be refuted and requires further investigation.
Justice, Wealth, Taxes
Authors: Cohen Aryeh 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA story of rabbinic poverty relief serves as the fulcrum of this presentation of a rabbinic perspective on wealth and taxes. The rabbinic move, from biblical to Mishnaic law, places the obligation of poverty relief on the city and suggests that the institutions of the polis are the only way to achieve justice on this scale. However, the city must be aware of the individual Other in making policy. In essence the story suggests that when policies ignore the face of an individual stranger, they do not fulfill the demands of justice. This is the rabbinic attempt at threading the needle by walking in the tension between the obsessive asymmetry of the obligation towards the other person and the need for a larger more equitable system of justice which must (by definition) include others.
Morality, Inescapable Rational Authority, and a God's Wishes
Authors: Harrison Gerald K. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIt is a supposed conceptual truth about moral norms that we have reason to comply with them even if we desire not to. This combination of rational authority and inescapability is thought to be incompatible with instrumentalism about practical reason. This essay argues that there are ways in which norms with inescapable rational authority can exist alongside instrumentalism about practical reason. One way involves positing an afterlife and a powerful supernatural agency—so, a kind of god—who has total control over our welfare in that afterlife. I go on to argue that the attitudes of this god would also provide something answering to our impressions of moral desert.
Contempt and the Cultivation of Character
Authors: West Ryan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMacalester Bell urges the cultivation of apt contempt as the best response to what she calls “the vices of superiority” (arrogance, hypocrisy, racism, and the like). In this essay, I sketch two character profiles. The first—the ideal contemnor—paradigmatically answers the vices of superiority with contempt. The second—the ideal Christian neighbor—is marked by humility and love, and answers the vices of superiority in non‐contemptuous ways. I argue that the latter character rivals (and may even outshine) the former as a fitting moral response to the vices of superiority. Furthermore, I argue that the two character profiles are incompatible, so one cannot jointly cultivate humble love and contempt. Given contempt's nastiness, and the alternative resources available for answering the vices of superiority, I suggest one should focus one's character‐formation efforts on the cultivation of humility and love.
Continuing the Conversation About Comparative Ethics
Authors: Sachedina Abdulaziz 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis essay clarifies my stance on the distinctive facets of Christianity as a sole paradigm for a liberal interpretation of Islam in the area of human rights. It attempts to demonstrate the limits of applying a comparative ethics methodology without a firm grounding in historical studies that reveal the contextual aspects of the debate whether any religion, including Islam, is incapable of providing cultural legitimacy to the secular Universal Declaration of Human Rights among Muslim traditionalists. In the absence of the “Church,” Islam has congruent scriptural resources to offer a distinctly enhanced system that works as an alternative to the uncritical secularization of moral‐spiritual scriptural resources. Critical evaluation of the political history of Christianity and Islam reveals internal hermeneutical dynamics that lead to accommodation with the demands of secularization to advance human rights across cultures and nations.
Comparison of two passive warming devices for prevention of perioperative hypothermia in dogs
Authors: Potter J. , Murrell J. , MacFarlane P. 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVETo compare effects of two passive warming methods combined with a resistive heating mat on perioperative hypothermia in dogs.MATERIALS AND METHODSFifty‐two dogs were enrolled and randomly allocated to receive a reflective blanket (Blizzard Blanket) or a fabric blanket (VetBed). In addition, in the operating room all dogs were placed onto a table with a resistive heating mat covered with a fabric blanket. Rectal temperature measurements were taken at defined points. Statistical analysis was performed comparing all Blizzard Blanket‐treated to all VetBed‐treated dogs, and VetBed versus Blizzard Blanket dogs within spay and castrate groups, spay versus castrate groups and within groups less than 10 kg or more than 10 kg bodyweight.RESULTSData from 39 dogs were used for analysis. All dogs showed a reduction in perioperative rectal temperature. There were no detected statistical differences between treatments or between the different groups.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis study supports previous data on prevalence of hypothermia during surgery. The combination of active and passive warming methods used in this study prevented the development of severe hypothermia, but there were no differences between treatment groups.
Angiographic Evaluation of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Sucato Vincenzo , Evola Salvatore , Novo Giuseppina , Sansone Angela , Quagliana Angelo , Andolina Giuseppe , Assennato Pasquale , Novo Salvatore 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate myocardial perfusion and coronary blood flow through validated angiography indices to assess whether there is greater MVD in patients with microvascular angina and HFPEF compared to those who do not have.MethodsOur study was performed on a population of 286 patients with stable angina that underwent coronary angiography and echocardiography. They showed epicardial coronary arteries free from stenosis. We divided the sample into two categories: patients with HFPEF and those without. We calculated indices for each patient based on angiographic images, including TFC, MBG, and TMBS.ResultsOur sample compared two groups: HFPEF (n = 155) and non‐HFPEF (n = 135) patients. We showed that patients with HFPEF had a longest TFC of three major coronary arteries (TFC LAD 44.7 ± 12.5; TFC RCA 26.2 ± 6.9; TFC CX 27 ± 5.9) than non‐HFPEF patients (TFC LAD 40.7 ± 11.6; TFC RCA 25 ± 6.3; TFC CX 21 ± 4.7). On the other hand, we found lower MBG on three coronary arteries (MBG LAD 2.1 ± 0.3; MBG RCA 2.1 ± 0.3; MBG CX 2.0 ± 0.32) in HFPEF than non‐HFPEF patients (MBG LAD 2.6 ± 0.5; MBG RCA 2.2 ± 0.47; MBG CX 2.3 ± 0.4).ConclusionAnalysis of microcirculation through angiography indices in patients with and without HFPEF has led to assess that the HFPEF population has a greater involvement of microcirculation than patients without HFPEF.
Obstructive sleep apnea‐related symptoms in Japanese people with Down syndrome
Authors: Ono Junji , Chishaki Akiko , Ohkusa Tomoko , Sawatari Hiroyuki , Nishizaka Mari , Ando Shin‐ichi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study evaluated the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea‐related symptoms and assessed the relationship with obesity or unusual sleep postures in Down syndrome patients in Japan. We obtained the demographic characteristics, sleep postures, and obstructive sleep apnea‐related symptoms experienced by 90 people as reported by their caregivers. Although 71% reported snoring and 59% arousals, obstructive sleep apnea‐related symptoms were not significantly different between obese and non‐obese participants. The youngest age group had the fewest obstructive sleep apnea‐related symptoms, especially symptoms of snoring. The odds for arousal, nocturia, and apnea tended to be higher in the unusual sleep‐postures group. Unusual sleep postures were most frequent in the group 6–15 years of age. People with Down syndrome might sleep in unusual postures to avoid upper airway obstruction caused by other anatomical factors. For nurses and other health professionals working in mainstream service, it is important to screen all persons with Down syndrome for symptoms suggestive of obstructive sleep apnea, particularly those six years of age and older, and to refer them for further evaluation for sleep disorders.
A new look at stress: abscisic acid patterns and dynamics at high‐resolution
Authors: Jones Alexander M. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryAbscisic acid (ABA) is a key phytohormone promoting abiotic stress tolerance as well as developmental processes such as seed dormancy. A spatiotemporal map of ABA concentrations would greatly advance our understanding of the cell type and timing of ABA action. Organ and tissue‐level ABA measurements, as well as indirect in vivo measurements such as cell‐specific transcriptional analysis of ABA metabolic enzymes and ABA‐responsive promoters, have all contributed to current views of the localization and timing of ABA accumulations. Recently developed Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors for ABA that sense ABA levels directly promise to add unprecedented resolution to in vivo ABA spatiotemporal mapping and expand our knowledge of the mechanisms controlling ABA levels in space and time.

Contents

Summary
38

I.
Introduction
38

II.
ABA in the coordination of whole plant responses to water stress
39

III.
Mapping developmental and stress‐induced ABA biosynthesis
39

IV.
ABA on the move
41

V.
ABA inactivation
41

VI.
Direct biosensing for improved quantitation of ABA
41

VII.
Conclusions
42

Acknowledgements
42

References
42
Widespread noncoding circular RNAs in plants
Authors: Ye Chu‐Yu , Chen Li , Liu Chen , Zhu Qian‐Hao , Fan Longjiang 
Published: July 2015

Summary

A large number of noncoding circular RNAs (circRNAs) with regulatory potency have been identified in animals, but little attention has been given to plant circRNAs.

We performed genome‐wide identification of circRNAs in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana using publically available RNA‐Seq data, analyzed and compared features of plant and animal circRNAs.

circRNAs (12037 and 6012) were identified in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively, with 56% (10/18) of the sampled rice exonic circRNAs validated experimentally. Parent genes of over 700 exonic circRNAs were orthologues between rice and Arabidopsis, suggesting conservation of circRNAs in plants. The introns flanking plant circRNAs were much longer than introns from linear genes, and possessed less repetitive elements and reverse complementary sequences than the flanking introns of animal circRNAs. Plant circRNAs showed diverse expression patterns, and 27 rice exonic circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed under phosphate‐sufficient and ‐starvation conditions. A significantly positive correlation was observed for the expression profiles of some circRNAs and their parent genes.

Our results demonstrated that circRNAs are widespread in plants, revealed the common and distinct features of circRNAs between plants and animals, and suggested that circRNAs could be a critical class of noncoding regulators in plants.
Prospective cohort feasibility study of a transdiagnostic group intervention for common mental health problems: The Take Control Course
Authors: Morris Lydia , Mansell Warren , Emsley Richard , Bates Rachel , Comiskey Jody , Pistorius Emma , McEvoy Phil 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesWhile transdiagnostic psychological treatments appear to be promising, they require greater empirical support. Further, a number of available transdiagnostic treatments are targeted at clients with a specific category of disorder, such as clients with anxiety disorders. This study is a preliminary examination of the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of a new transdiagnostic six‐session group‐based intervention (Take Control Course; TCC) predominantly aimed at clients within primary care. The group is aimed at a broad range of clients; it is derived from an integrative transdiagnostic theory, which specifies mechanisms of psychopathology across disorders. Briefer interventions are gaining an increasing evidence base, and this study seeks to compare the TCC to an established brief intervention within primary care.DesignProspective cohort study comparing two active psychological treatments.MethodsTake Control Course group (n = 66) was compared to a non‐randomized control group of clients accessing individual low‐intensity interventions (n = 43) using random‐effect regression models. Primary outcomes were depression and anxiety scores; additional outcomes included social and other functioning.ResultsFor the TCC group, changes on all pre–post outcomes were significant with moderate effect sizes. The between‐group differences were not significant.ConclusionsResults show potential for TCC to be an effective intervention, but further work is required to validate these findings in a more rigorous, randomized study.Practitioner points

Transdiagnostic understandings of psychological distress may inform pragmatic and effective treatments that can be offered to a broad range of clients.

This study describes a transdiagnostic intervention (TCC) that targets maintenance processes common across disorders, and presents initial outcome data.

The TCC was found to reduce pre–post scores on measures of anxiety and depression.
Racial Disparities in Seeking Care for Help Getting Pregnant
Authors: Chin Helen B. , Howards Penelope P. , Kramer Michael R. , Mertens Ann C. , Spencer Jessica B. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundFertility counselling and treatment can help women achieve their desired family size; however, disparities exist in the utilisation of this care.MethodsThis study examines the persistence of a racial disparity in visiting a doctor for help getting pregnant by estimating the direct effect of this association using data from the Furthering Understanding of Cancer Health and Survivorship in Adult Women's Study, a population‐based cohort study. This cohort included 1073 reproductive age women (22–45 years) with 28% reporting infertility. We fit log binomial models to quantify the magnitude of the racial difference in reported care seeking after adjustment for hypothesised mediators using inverse probability weighting.ResultsCompared with white women, black women were less likely to visit a doctor in the total population [adjusted risk ratio (RR) 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41, 0.80] and in the subgroup of women with infertility [RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56, 0.99]. In addition, black women waited twice as long, on average, before seeking help compared with white women.ConclusionsThere were notable racial differences in visiting a doctor for help getting pregnant in this study although reports of infertility were similar by race. These differences may be mitigated through improved communication about the range of counselling and treatment options available.
An Extension Mechanism to Verify, Constrain and Enhance Geoprocessing Workflows Invocation
Authors: Qi Kunlun , Gui Zhipeng , Li Zhenqiang , Guo Wei , Wu Huayi , Gong Jianya 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGeospatial web service composition is a promising means for processing and analyzing geospatial data in distributed computing environments. However, convenient and effective approaches for assisting the invocation of geoprocessing workflows are still missing. Invocation errors frustrate users and eventually impact the popularity and application of geoprocessing workflows due to their complexity, inadequate description, constraints, and prompts for input/output parameters, workflow models, and their components. This article proposes an extension method for easy invocation of geoprocessing workflows to solve these problems. The proposed method facilitates the generation of Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) and invocation messages, for human‐computer interaction and client‐workflow interaction respectively, by supplementing verification and constraints for workflow descriptions. Furthermore, by providing descriptive information, constraint mechanisms, and visualization functions, this approach enhances human‐computer interactivity during invocation. An exemplary user case demonstrates the feasibility of the method.
Incidence of infection according to intravenous immunoglobulin use in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Park S. , Jung C.W. , Jang J.H. , Kim S.J. , Kim W.S. , Kim K. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundAlthough intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is not routinely recommended, many centers still use IVIG during the post‐hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) period.MethodA total of 162 multiple myeloma (MM) patients who underwent autologous (auto‐) HSCT between January 2008 and June 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Primary objective was determination of the impact of IVIG on post‐transplant infection, and secondary objectives included identification of overall incidence of infection, type of infection, and risk factors for infection after auto‐HSCT in MM patients.ResultsAfter auto‐HSCT, 53 of 162 patients (32.7%) experienced 104 infectious events. Upper respiratory infection was most common (n = 31, 29.8%) and pneumonia (n = 27, 26.0%) and herpes zoster (n = 15, 14.4%) came next. Among the identifiable organisms causing respiratory infection, influenza virus (n = 10) and Pneumococcus (n = 9) were predominant. Incidence of infection was not statistically different according to IVIG use (34.8% in IVIG (−) vs. 31.3% in IVIG (+), P = 0.631). Incidence of infection requiring hospitalization and multiple episodes of infection showed no difference between the groups (P = 0.147, P = 0.156). In a Cox proportional hazard model, none of the factors including age, gender, type of disease, stage, tandem (vs. single) transplantation, and IVIG was prognostic for infectious event after auto‐HSCT (P = 0.955, hazard ratio 0.980 with 95% confidence interval 0.481‐1.997 for IVIG).ConclusionIn auto‐HSCT recipients with MM, incidence of post‐transplant infection was not different according to prophylactic IVIG use.