bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of resistance training on quality of life, fatigue, physical function, and muscular strength during chemotherapy treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Metcalfe James W. , Orange Samuel T. , Madden Leigh A. , Marshall Phil , Vince Rebecca V. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To systematically review and meta-analyse the efficacy of resistance training on quality of life (QOL), fatigue, physical function, and muscular strength in people diagnosed with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods
Electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science were systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effects of resistance training to control on QOL, fatigue, physical function, and lower-body and upper-body muscular strength in adults undergoing chemotherapy. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) were pooled using a random effects model. Risk of bias was assess using the risk of bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2).

Results
Seven RCTs encompassing 561 participants were included. The pooled results of seven RCTs showed that resistance training during chemotherapy significantly improved lower-body strength (n = 555, SMD 0.33, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.53, moderate-quality evidence, I2 = 23%) compared to control. There was no evidence for an effect of resistance training on QOL (n = 373, SMD 0.13, 95% CI -0.15 to 0.42, low-quality evidence, I2 = 0%), fatigue (n = 373, SMD -0.08, 95% CI -0.37 to 0.22, low-quality evidence, I2 = 20%), physical function (n = 198, SMD 0.61, 95% CI -0.73 to 1.95, very low-quality evidence, I2 = 83%), or upper-body strength (n = 413, SMD 0.37, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.80, very low-quality evidence, I2 = 69%).

Conclusions
Resistance training may improve lower-body strength in patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment compared to control.
Physical Modelling in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering
Authors: Einstein Herbert 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe paper presented at the International Congress and this extended version are intended to pay homage to Professor Leopold Müller who was a leading developer and user of physical models. This will be done by first reviewing physical models of stone-built artificial structures from ancient times till now being used to investigate the flow of forces and the effect of material properties. The same issues affect rock mechanics and engineering. Consequently, physical Querymodels of fundamental material behavior, geologic mechanisms, and especially jointed rock will then be described. On this basis complex models of geologic processes and of structures on and in rock masses will be discussed. Finally, critical aspects, namely, the issues of scaling and of possible obsolescence because of powerful simulation models, will be addressed leading to the outlook where physical models can and should be used.
Intergenerational transmission of psychopathology across three generations: the role of social support
Authors: Xerxa Yllza , Hillegers Manon H. J. , Mesman Esther , Tiemeier Henning , Jansen Pauline W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPsychopathology runs in families and affects functioning of individuals and their family members. This study assessed the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology risk across three generations, and the extent to which social support factors may protect against this transmission from parents to their offspring. This study was embedded in Generation R, a multi-ethnic population-based cohort from fetal life onwards. Lifetime psychiatric disorders of grandparents were assessed with the Family Informant Schedule Criteria- updated for DSM-IV. Parental psychopathology was repeatedly measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory. Offspring psychopathology (ages 10 and 14) was assessed with the Brief Problem Monitor. Maternal and child social factors were assessed using questionnaire measures and a computerized peer nomination assessment. Our results show that the estimated additive interaction effect for the risk transmission of grandparental and pre- and postnatal parental psychopathology to offspring psychopathology was 23% (95% CI 19; 27). The joint effect of grandparental and parental psychopathology combined with maternal and child social support factors was 13% (95% CI 08; 17)], suggesting that social support factors diminished the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology from (grand)parents (G1 and G2) to offspring (G3). Transmission of psychopathology risk may have long-lasting developmental effects across generations. Social support factors reduced the vulnerability to the effects of psychopathology risk, underscoring the importance of the identification of buffering factors associated with good mental health in adolescents who are at high familial risk.
A retrospective study of prognostic factors and prostate-specific antigen dynamics in Japanese patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer who received combined androgen blockade therapy with bicalutamide
Authors: Tashiro Yu , Akamatsu Shusuke , Ueno Kentaro , Kamoto Toshiyuki , Terada Naoki , Hida Takuya , Kurahashi Ryoma , Kamba Tomomi , Saito Atsushi , Lee Takumi , Morita Satoshi , Kobayashi Takashi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
This retrospective observational study explored the therapeutic potential of combined androgen blockade (CAB) with bicalutamide (Bic-CAB) as an initial treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) in Japan.

Methods
The electronic health records of 159 patients with mHSPC from three Japanese institutions who received initial treatment with Bic-CAB between 2007 and 2017 were analyzed. The time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression, duration of Bic-CAB treatment, and overall survival (OS), with various definitions for PSA progression, were assessed. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was constructed using clinical parameters to predict time to the end of Bic-CAB treatment and OS.

Results
The median observation period was 46.4 months, and the median age of patients at diagnosis was 71 years. A total of 46.5% patients experienced PSA progression with a median survival duration of 29 months (according to Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 3 criteria), and 49.1% patients achieved a PSA nadir < 0.2 ng/mL in a median time of 4.7 months. When stratified by PSA nadir and PSA change, patients at low risk for disease progression with a small PSA change due to low initial PSA had a 5-year OS of 100% and a 10-year OS of 75%. The OS during the observation period was 72.9 months.

Conclusion
These findings highlight the potential effect of Bic-CAB in patients with mHSPC who were at low risk for disease progression. Initial treatment with Bic-CAB and adjusting treatment early based on PSA dynamics may be a reasonable treatment plan for these patients.
Meta-analysis of Pregnancy Events in Biomedical HIV Prevention Trials in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Gender Transformative Trials
Authors: Lorenzetti Lara , Dinh Nhi , Whitcomb Cason , Martinez Andres , Chatani Manju , Lievense Breanne , Nhamo Definate , Slack Catherine , Eley Natalie , MacQueen Kathleen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHistorically, pregnant and lactating populations (PLP) have been excluded or disenrolled from biomedical HIV prevention trials, despite being more likely to acquire HIV during pregnancy and the post-partum period. We conducted a meta-analysis of pregnancy events in biomedical HIV prevention trials in sub-Saharan Africa to support trialists moving toward more inclusive clinical and implementation studies. We searched peer-reviewed literature reporting pregnancy events and contraceptive requirements in HIV prevention trials between 2001 and 2022. We hypothesized four variables to explain variation: contraceptive requirements, study start year, study product, and sub-region. We fit a meta-analytic model to estimate individual effect sizes and sampling variances, then conducted sub-group analyses to assess moderating effects. We identified 38 references for inclusion, across which the proportion of pregnancy events was 8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6–10%) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 99%). Studies not requiring contraceptives (21%, 95%CI: 7–48%) reported a significantly higher proportion of pregnancy events than studies requiring two methods (5%, 95%CI: 2–10%). Studies launched between 2001 and 2007 (11%, 95%CI: 8–16%), microbicide gel trials (12%, 95%CI: 8–18%), and studies conducted in Western Africa (28%, 95%CI: 13–51%) reported higher proportions of pregnancy events than reference groups. Together, these variables have a moderating effect on pregnancy events (p < 0.0001), explaining 63% of heterogeneity in trials. Results describe how, over time, more stringent contraceptive requirements reduced pregnancy events, which ensured necessary statistical power but limited reproductive choice by participants. With the move toward continuing PLP on experimental products, trialists can utilize estimated pregnancy events reported here to inform strategies that accommodate participants’ changing fertility preferences.
Do Children with High Callous-Unemotional Traits Have Attentional Deficits to Emotional Stimuli? Evidence from a Multi-Method and Multi-Informant Study
Authors: Ivanova-Serokhvostova Anastasiya , Fanti Kostas , Bonillo Albert , Supèr Hans , Corrales Montserrat , Pérez-Bonaventura Iris , Pamias Montserrat , Ramos-Quiroga Antoni J. , Torrubia Rafael , Nadal Roser , Frick Paul J. , Molinuevo Beatriz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCallous-unemotional (CU) traits in children and adolescents are linked to severe and persistent antisocial behavior. Based on past empirical research, several theoretical models have suggested that CU traits may be partly explained by difficulties in correctly identifying others’ emotional states as well as their reduced attention to others’ eyes, which could be important for both causal theory and treatment. This study tested the relationships among CU traits, emotion recognition of facial expressions and visual behavior in a sample of 52 boys referred to a clinic for conduct problems (Mage = 10.29 years; SD = 2.06). We conducted a multi-method and multi-informant assessment of CU traits through the Child Problematic Traits Inventory (CPTI), the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional (ICU), and the Clinical Assessment of Prosocial Emotions-Version 1.1 (CAPE). The primary goal of the study was to compare the utility of these methods for forming subgroups of youth that differ in their emotional processing abilities. An emotion recognition task assessed recognition accuracy (percentage of mistakes) and absolute dwell time on the eyes or mouth region for each emotion. Results from repeated measures ANOVAs revealed that low and high CU groups did not differ in emotion recognition accuracy, irrespective of the method of assessing CU traits. However, the high CU group showed reduced attention to the eyes of fearful and sad facial expressions (using the CPTI) or to all emotions (using the CAPE). The high CU group also showed a general increase in attention to the mouth area, but only when assessed by the CAPE. These findings provide evidence to support abnormalities in how those elevated on CU traits process emotional stimuli, especially when assessed by a clinical interview, which could guide appropriate assessment and more successful interventions for this group of youth.
Time-travelling in philosophy of mathematics courses: From classroom to newsroom
Authors: Koyuncu Mehmet Kasım 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article presents a new teaching method that embraces media production as a principle in education, aimed at effectively conveying the philosophy of mathematics. Based upon this premise, the content of the philosophy of mathematics course was reimagined as a digital newspaper, reminiscent of past printed editions. This transformation was carried out collaboratively with participants, shaping the course delivery accordingly. The effect of this method on the participants’ technological pedagogical content knowledge was investigated using a mixed methodological approach with a sample of forty pre-service mathematics teachers. By digitally recreating historical contexts, participants had the opportunity to explore the philosophers and scientists of the relevant period, along with the social conditions they experienced. Adopting this method helped participants overcome the anachronistic epistemology fallacy, allowing them to develop their imagination and perception of the past compared to the traditional approach. It also highlights how the method transformed the class into a more engaging and entertaining part of the curriculum. Research findings reveal that creating a newspaper not only encourages the technological pedagogical development inherent in the teaching profession but also contributes to the development of the roles expected from the individual in the educational environment in the technology age. Therefore, this method may serve as a source of inspiration for teacher educators, especially those teaching courses in related contexts.
PAC statistical model checking of mean payoff in discrete- and continuous-time MDP
Authors: Agarwal Chaitanya , Guha Shibashis , Křetínský Jan , Pazhamalai M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMarkov decision processes (MDPs) and continuous-time MDP (CTMDPs) are the fundamental models for non-deterministic systems with probabilistic uncertainty. Mean payoff (a.k.a. long-run average reward) is one of the most classic objectives considered in their context. We provide the first practical algorithm to compute mean payoff probably approximately correctly in unknown MDPs. Our algorithm is anytime in the sense that if terminated prematurely, it returns an approximate value with the required confidence. Further, we extend it to unknown CTMDPs. We do not require any knowledge of the state or number of successors of a state, but only a lower bound on the minimum transition probability, which has been advocated in literature. Our algorithm learns the unknown MDP/CTMDP through repeated, directed sampling; thus spending less time on learning components with smaller impact on the mean payoff. In addition to providing probably approximately correct (PAC) bounds for our algorithm, we also demonstrate its practical nature by running experiments on standard benchmarks.
Hydrological connectivity and environment characteristics explain spatial variation in fish assemblages in a wet–dry tropical river
Authors: O’Mara Kaitlyn , Venarsky Michael , Stewart-Koster Ben , McGregor Glenn B. , Schulz Cameron , Marshall Jonathan , Bunn Stuart E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydrological connectivity in river systems facilitates the movement of animals across riverine landscapes and influences fish habitat but is threatened by climate change and water resource developments. We studied fish assemblages across a large wet–dry tropical river system in northern Australia that is under consideration for new agricultural and water resource developments, which are expected to alter hydrological connectivity. We explored relationships between the environment and several biotic variables; fish taxonomic composition, species turnover, and species trait presence, quantifying how they were related to hydrological connectivity. Environmental dissimilarity of sites was influenced by hydrological connectivity variables, including flow, elevation, and river distance. Environment characteristics and hydrological connectivity together were important predictors of fish taxonomic composition. Fish species turnover was highest in headwater sites, and species presence absence was related to feeding and reproductive traits. Our results suggest that habitat specialists and species with reproductive traits that depend on hydrological connectivity, such as diadromous species, are most vulnerable to declines in relative abundance following a reduction in connectivity, which would lead to range contractions within catchments. Maintaining habitats that support taxonomically and functionally unique fish assemblages, such as wetlands and headwater streams, is important for maintaining biodiversity.
Salience and feasibility of enacting rough draft math: Teachers’ voices about productive and powerful variations
Authors: Jansen Amanda , Silla Elena M. , Collier Crystal L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRough draft math [RDM] (Jansen, 2020a) occurs when a teacher invites students to share their in-progress thinking and provides opportunities for students to revise their thinking. RDM could be viewed as an approach to ambitious teaching because it is a practice when teachers elicit and respond to students’ thinking to support their learning, which is productive, and their positive identity development, which is powerful. The purpose of this study was to identify salient and feasible enactments of rough draft math, as described by teachers after they have learned about RDM through a book study and/or professional development. We interviewed 32 teachers in eight states in the USA, and we identified variations among the two most feasible and salient enactments of RDM: (1) inviting students to revise and (2) purposeful task selection and implementation. Variations in revising enactments included providing students with structured or unstructured revision opportunities and different ways teachers incorporated revising into their assessment practices (either test corrections or student self-assessment). Variations in task selection included modifying curricular tasks or using instructional routines intentionally. Variations in task implementation included implementing tasks to reinforce content or develop new understandings. We developed conjectures about the ways in which these variations could provide powerful or productive opportunities for students.
Profound T Lymphocyte and DNA Repair Defect Characterizes Schimke Immuno-Osseous Dysplasia
Authors: Vladyka Ondřej , Zieg Jakub , Pátek Ondřej , Bloomfield Markéta , Paračková Zuzana , Šedivá Anna , Klocperk Adam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSchimke immuno-osseous dysplasia is a rare multisystemic disorder caused by biallelic loss of function of the SMARCAL1 gene that plays a pivotal role in replication fork stabilization and thus DNA repair. Individuals affected from this disease suffer from disproportionate growth failure, steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome leading to renal failure and primary immunodeficiency mediated by T cell lymphopenia. With infectious complications being the leading cause of death in this disease, researching the nature of the immunodeficiency is crucial, particularly as the state is exacerbated by loss of antibodies due to nephrotic syndrome or immunosuppressive treatment. Building on previous findings that identified the loss of IL-7 receptor expression as a possible cause of the immunodeficiency and increased sensitivity to radiation-induced damage, we have employed spectral cytometry and multiplex RNA-sequencing to assess the phenotype and function of T cells ex-vivo and to study changes induced by in-vitro UV irradiation and reaction of cells to the presence of IL-7. Our findings highlight the mature phenotype of T cells with proinflammatory Th1 skew and signs of exhaustion and lack of response to IL-7. UV light irradiation caused a severe increase in the apoptosis of T cells, however the expression of the genes related to immune response and regulation remained surprisingly similar to healthy cells. Due to the disease’s rarity, more studies will be necessary for complete understanding of this unique immunodeficiency.
Humidity-induced curing and anti-corrosion properties of GPTMS-modified polyorganosilazane functionalized silica coating on AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy
Authors: Aruchamy Udhaya Kumar , Merino Emilia , Durán Alicia , Pálková Helena , Galusek Dušan , Castro Yolanda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRelative humidity (RH) is one of the key parameters that significantly affect the curing kinetics and final properties of polysilazane-based coatings. Thus, the paper discusses the effect of relative humidity during the curing process and the anti-corrosion properties of (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMS)-modified polyorganosilazane (OPSZ) functionalized silica coatings on AA2024-T3. Modified polyorganosilazane sol was prepared and then deposited on AA2024-T3 substrates varying the curing conditions. After the deposition, the coated aluminum substrates were exposed to different RH levels; 15%, 40% and 80%, and then cured at 120 °C for 2 h. Transparent and crack-free GPTMS-modified polyorganosilazane coatings with a thickness of around 15–17 μm were obtained. The exposure to the relative humidity increased the crosslinking and hydrolysis-condensation reactions of the OPSZ and GPTMS molecules, showing more Si-O-Si bonds. The incorporation of GPTMS affected the crosslinking structure, enhancing the corrosion protection properties of the coating. GPTMS-modified polyorganosilazane coatings cured at 40%RH had the best anti-corrosive properties after immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The impedance modulus of ∼109 Ω.cm2 at a low frequency was obtained, which was five orders of magnitude higher than that for the AA2024-T3 alloy.
Graphical Abstract
One R or the other – an experimental bioethics approach to 3R dilemmas in animal research
Authors: Rodriguez Perez Christian , Shaw David M. , Earp Brian D. , Elger Bernice S. , Persson Kirsten 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSacrificial dilemmas such as the trolley problem play an important role in experimental philosophy (x-phi). But it is increasingly argued that, since we are not likely to encounter runaway trolleys in our daily life, the usefulness of such thought experiments for understanding moral judgments in more ecologically valid contexts may be limited. However, similar sacrificial dilemmas are experienced in real life by animal research decision makers. As part of their job, they must make decisions about the suffering, and often the death, of many non-human animals. For this reason, a context-specific investigation of so-called “3R dilemmas” (i.e., dilemmas where there is a conflict between the principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement of the use of animals in research) is essential to improve the situation of both non-human animals and human stakeholders. An approach well suited for such investigation is experimental philosophical bioethics (“bioxphi”), which draws on methods similar to x-phi to probe more realistic, practical scenarios with an eye to informing normative debates and ethical policy. In this article, we argue for a need to investigate 3R dilemmas among professional decision-makers using the tools of bioxphi. In a first step, we define 3R dilemmas and discuss previous investigations of professionals’ attitudes in such cases. In a second step, we show how bioxphi is a promising method to investigate the whys and hows of professional decision-making in 3R dilemmas. In a last step, we provide a bioxphi template for 3R dilemmas, give recommendations on its use, explore the normative relevance of data collected by such means, and discuss important limitations.