bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Total and Central Adiposity Measures with Fasting Insulin in a Biracial Population of Young Adults with Normal Glucose Tolerance: the CARDIA Study
Authors: Sidney Stephen , Lewis Cora E. , Hill James O. , Quesenberry Charles P. , Stamm Elizabeth R. , Scherzinger Ann , Tolan Kimberly , Ettinger Bruce 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSIDNEY, STEPHEN, CORA E. LEWIS, JAMES O. HILL, CHARLES P. QUESENBERRY, JR, ELIZABETH R. STAMM, ANN SCHERZINGER, KIMBERLY TOLAN, AND BRUCE ETTINGER. Association of total and central adiposity measures with fasting insulin in a biracial population of young adults with normal glucose tolerance: the CARDIA study. Obes Res.Objective: To determine the association of computed tomography (CT)‐measured visceral adipose tissue (AT) and other measures of adiposity with fasting insulin in a biracial (African American and Caucasian) study population of young adults.Research Methods and Procedures: The study population consisted of 251 young adults with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), ages 28–40 years, who were volunteers from the Birmingham, Alabama, and Oakland, California centers of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.Results: In regression models with total adiposity measures (body mass index or dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry‐measured percent fat), visceral AT (measured as a cross‐sectional area in cm2) was generally a stronger predictor of insulin than overall adiposity in all race/gender groups (partial correlation coefficients ranging from 0. 31 to 0. 47) except for black men, in whom the associations were nonsignificant. Partial correlation coefficients between waist circumference and insulin, controlling for percent fat, were nearly identical to those between visceral AT and insulin in women and in white men. Analyses performed on 2060 NGT CARDIA subjects who were not in this study of visceral AT showed significant correlations of waist circumference with insulin in all racelgender groups, including black men, and that black men in the visceral AT study group were significantly leaner than other black male CARDIA subjects.Discussion: We conclude that visceral AT was associated with fasting insulin in NGT participants in three of the four race/gender groups (black men excepted) and that waist circumference was a good surrogate for visceral AT in examining associations of central adiposity with fasting insulin.
Changes in Self‐Efficacy and Decisional Balance for Exercise among Obese Women in a Weight Management Program
Authors: Pinto Bernardine M. , Clark Matthew M. , Cruess Dean G. , Szymanski Lynda , Pera Vincent 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPINTO, BERNARDINE M., MATTHEW W. CLARK, DEAN G. CRUESS, LYNDA SZYMANSKI, AND VINCENT PERA. Changes in self‐efficacy and decisional balance for exercise among obese women in a weight management program. Obes Res.Objective: To assess changes in eating and exercise self‐efficacy and decisional balance for exercise in an obese population enrolled in a multi‐disciplinary weight management program.Research Method and Procedures: Thirty‐two obese women were assessed at entry and after 12 weeks of treatment.Results: Participants showed 15% mean weight loss after 12 weeks of treatment. Mean minutes of self‐reported exercise increased by 229%. Participants demonstrated significant improvements in self‐efficacy for both eating and exercise and health parameters but not in decisional balance for exercise adoption.Discussion: These results may have implications for the practitioner in that self‐efficacy changes occur during successful weight loss, but decisional balance for exercise may not change until individuals enter maintenance. These results imply that practitioners may be advised to shift from confidence building to relapse prevention early on in treatment, and that focusing on strengthening the pros of exercise and reducing the cons of exercise may need to remain constant during treatment.
Body Fat, Resting and Exercise Blood Pressure and the Angiotensinogen M235T Polymorphism: The Heritage Family Study
Authors: Rankinen Tuomo , Gagnon Jacques , Pérusse Louis , Rice Treva , Leon Arthur S. , Skinner James S. , Wilmore Jack H. , Rao D. C. , Bouchard Claude 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRANKINEN, T., JACQUES GAGNON, LOUIS PÉRUSSE, TREVA RICE, ARTHUR s. LEON, JAMES s. SKINNER, JACK H. WILMORE, D. C. RAO, AND CLAUDE BOUCHARD. Body fat, resting and exercise blood pressure and the angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism: the Heritage family study. Obes Res.Objective: The association of resting and exercise blood pressure (BP) and fat mass with the angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T polymorphism was investigated in 522 sedentary Caucasian subjects from 99 families.Research Methods and Procedures: Resting BP was measured on two separate days, three times each day, and the mean of six valid measurements was used. Exercise BP was measured during a cycle ergometer test at a constant power output (50 W). Body composition was derived from underwater weighing and the AGT M235T polymorphism was typed with a polymerase chain reaction‐based method.Results: Neither resting nor exercise BP was associated with the AGT genotypes. In mothers, the homozygotes for the T allele showed 8. 8 kg and 7. 1 kg greater (p = 0. 017) age‐adjusted body fat mass (FM) than the MM homozygotes and heterozygotes, respectively. Sixty‐nine percent of all TT homozygotes were found in the highest FM tertile, whereas only 16% of the MM homozygotes fell in the same tertile (p = 0. 008). Moreover, a significant interaction was seen between FM and T‐allele carrier status in women with regard to resting diastolic BP (p = 0. 002). Among women with a FM≥24 kg, carriers of the T allele showed a 6. 3 mmHg higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP) than non‐carriers whereas no difference was found in women with a FM less than 24 kg. A similar trend toward an interaction term was evident with resting systolic blood pressure (p = 0. 011) and exercise DBP (p = 0. 012). Body fat was not associated with the AGT polymorphism in fathers or in offspring.Discussion: These data suggest that the AGT M235T polymorphism is associated with body fatness in women, and that the relationship between DBP and AGT M235T polymorphism is dependent on FM in middle‐aged sedentary normotensive women.
Reduction in Incidence of Diabetes, Hypertension and Lipid Disturbances after Intentional Weight Loss Induced by Bariatric Surgery: the SOS Intervention Study
Authors: Sjöström C. David , Lissner Lauren , Wedel Hans , Sjöström Lars 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSJÖSTRÖM, c. DAVID, LAUREN LISSNER, HANS WEDEL, and LARS SJÖSTRÖM. Reduction in incidence of diabetes, hypertension and lipid disturbances after intentional weight loss induced by bariatric surgery: the SOS Intervention Study. Obes Res.Objective: To examine the effect of a large, long standing and intentional weight reduction on the incidence of diabetes, hypertension and lipid disturbances in severely obese individuals as compared to weight‐stable obese controls.Research Methods and Procedures: The ongoing prospective SOS (Swedish Obese Subjects) intervention consists of a surgically treated group and a matched control group obtaining conventional obesity treatment. This report is based on 845 surgically treated patients and 845 controls (BMI41. 0±4. 6 kg/m2 (mean±standard deviation [S])) followed for 2 years.Results: Surgically treated patients lost 28±15 kg and controls 0. 5±8. 9 kg (p<0. 0001). Two‐year incidence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, and lipid disturbances was compared in the two treatment groups. Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for the surgically treated group versus controls were 0. 38 (0. 22, 0. 65) for hypertension, 0. 02 (0. 00, 0. 16) for diabetes, 0. 10 (0. 03, 0. 28) for hyperinsulinemia, 0. 10 (0. 04, 0. 25) for hypertriglyceridemia, 0. 28 (0. 16, 0. 49) for low HDL‐cholesterol and 1. 24 (0. 84, 1. 8) for hypercholesterolemia. Compared to controls, the 2‐year recovery rates from hypertension, diabetes, hypo‐HDL, and hypertriglyceridemia were significantly higher in the surgically treated group.Discussion: Intentional weight loss in the obese causes a marked reduction in the 2‐year incidence of hypertension, diabetes and some lipid disturbances. The results suggest that severe obesity can and should be treated.
Adipocyte Development is Dependent Upon Stem Cell Recruitment and Proliferation of Preadipocytes
Authors: Kras Krystyna M. , Hausman Dorothy B. , Hausman Gary J. , Martin Roy J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractKRAS, KRYSTYNA M., DOROTHY B. HAUSMAN, GARY J. HAUSMAN, AND ROY J. MARTIN. Adipocyte development is dependent upon stem cell recruitment and proliferation of preadipocytes. Obes Res.Objectives: The ability to acquire fat cells persists over the life spans of animals. It is unknown whether adipocyte acquisition is the result of preadipocyte proliferation or stem cell recruitment to become adipocytes. The purposes of these studies were 1) to characterize early differentiation of stromal vascular (S‐V) cells to preadipocytes as it is influenced by insulin, dexamethasone (DEX), and insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I); and 2) to determine whether new fat cells arise from stem cell recruitment or preadipocyte proliferation.Research Methods and Procedures: Freshly isolated S‐V cells from rat inguinal adipose tissues were plated for 24 hours then exposed to serum‐free medium.Results: Approximately 15% of freshly plated S‐V cells were preadipocytes as determined by a preadipocyte specific marker, AD3. Total cell number and proportion of preadipocytes were significantly greater with 100 nM insulin treatment than with 0, 0. 1, or 1. 0 nM, but IGF‐I treatment at 10 nM resulted in preadipocyte development similar to that with 100 nM insulin treatment. The addition of 5 nM DEX to the 100 nM insulin treatment resulted in a 20% increase in preadipocyte number by day 2 when compared to either treatment alone. 5‐Bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine treatment suppressed the increased proportion of preadipocytes from days 0–2 in non‐insulin treated cells and prevented the increase typically observed with insulin. A mitosis inhibitor also significantly reduced the proportion of preadipocytes.Discussion: These results show for the first time that S‐V cells are recruited as preadipocytes and that proliferation of these preadipocytes and early differentiation occur simultaneously.
Neuropeptide Y Expression and Endogenous Leptin Concentrations in a Dietary Model of Obesity
Authors: Lauterio Thomas J. , Davies Michael J. , DeAngelo Mark , Peyser Michael , Lee James 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLAUTERIO, THOMAS J., MICHAEL J. DAVIES, MARK DEANGELO, MICHAEL PEYSER, AND JAMES LEE. Neuropeptide Y expression and endogenous leptin concentrations in a dietary model of obesity. Obes Res.Objective: To determine how leptin concentrations and neuropeptide (NPY) are regulated in a model of dietary obesity in relation to relative growth (RG) and relative food consumption (RFC).Research Methods and Procedures: Sprague—Dawley rats were fed a moderately high‐fat diet for 14 weeks over which time animals diverged into obesity‐prone (OP) and obesity‐resistant (OR) populations. RG rates and RFC were calculated weekly. Following the study, an adiposity index was calculated and arcuate nucleus (ARC) NPY expression was determined by in situ hybridization (ISH) or ribonuclease protection (RPA) assays.Results: Body weights were greater in OP rats after 2 weeks on the diet compared to OR rats and remained different throughout the study. RG and RFC were greater in OP rats compared to OR rats only during the first 2 weeks of the study. Leptin concentrations rose in both groups during the experiment, but the increase was greater in OP rats than in OR rats. Insulin changes paralleled those for leptin. ARC NPY mRNA expression was not different between OP and OR rats as measured by ISH and RPA.Discussion: Although NPY expression has been reported to be different initially in OP and OR rats, this difference dissipates following divergence of body weight. RFC and RG data suggest the initial NPY elevation may contribute to increased weight gain of OP rats during the first 2 weeks of the diet. Higher relative leptin concentrations in OP rats may be necessary to normalize differences in adiposity and apparent leptin and insulin resistance of OP rats.
The Yellow Mouse Obesity Syndrome and Mechanisms of Agouti‐Induced Obesity
Authors: Moussa Naïna Moustaïd , Claycombe Kate J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe yellow mouse obesity syndrome is due to dominant mutations at the Agouti locus, which is characterized by obesity, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperleptinemia, increased linear growth, and yellow coat color. This syndrome is caused by ectopic expression of Agouti in multiple tissues. Mechanisms of Agouti action in obesity seem to involve, at least in part, competitive melanocortin antagonism. Both central and peripheral effects have been implicated in Agouti‐induced obesity. An Agouti‐Related Protein (AGRP) has been described recently. It has been shown to be expressed in mice hypothalamus and to act similarly to agouti as a potent antagonist to central melanocortin receptor MC4‐R, suggesting that AGRP is an endogenous MC4‐R ligand. Mice lacking MC4‐R become hyperphagic and develop obesity, implying that agouti may lead to obesity by interfering with MC4‐R signaling in the brain and consequently regulating food intake. Furthermore, food intake is inhibited by intracerebro‐ventricular injection of a potent melanocortin agonist and was reversed by administration of an MC4‐R antagonist. The direct cellular actions of Agouti include stimulation of fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis via a Ca2+‐dependent mechanism. Agouti and insulin act in an additive manner to increase lipogenesis. This additive effect of agouti and insulin is demonstrated by the necessity of insulin in eliciting weight gain in transgenic mice expressing agouti specifically in adipose tissue. This suggests that agouti expression in adipose tissue combined with hyperinsulinemia may lead to increased adiposity. The roles of melanocortin receptors or agouti‐specific receptor(s) in agouti regulation of adipocyte metabolism and other peripheral effects remain to be determined. In conclusion, both central and peripheral actions of agouti contribute to the yellow mouse obesity syndrome and this action is mediated at least in part by antagonism with melanocortin receptors and/or regulation of intracellular calcium.
Effects of Obesity and Stable Weight Reduction on UCP2 and UCP3 Gene Expression in Humans
Authors: Vidal‐Puig Antonio , Rosenbaum Michael , Considine Robert C. , Leibel Rudolph L. , Dohm G. Lynis , Lowell Bradford B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractVIDAL‐PUIG, ANTONIO, MICHAEL ROSENBAUM, ROBERT C. CONSIDINE, RUDOLPH L. LEIBEL, G. LYNIS DOHM, AND BRADFORD B. LOWELL. Effects of obesity and stable weight reduction on UCP2 and UCP3 gene expression in humans. Obes Res.Objectives: The molecular determinants of energy expenditure are presently unknown. Recently, two uncoupling protein homologues, UCP2 and UCP3, have been identified. UCP2 is expressed widely, and UCP3 is expressed abundantly in skeletal muscle. Both could be important regulators of energy balance. In this paper, we investigated whether altered UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA levels are associated with obesity or weight reduction.Research Methods and Procedures: UCP2, UCP3 long and short mRNA levels were examined in skeletal muscle and in white adipose tissue of lean, obese, and weight‐reduced individuals by RNase protection assay.Results: Expression of UCP2, UCP3S, and UCP3L mRNA in skeletal muscle was similar in lean individuals and in individuals with obesity at stable weight. In contrast, UCP3L and UCP3S mRNAs were decreased by 38% (p < 0.0059) and 48% (p<0.0047), respectively, in 20% weight‐reduced patients with obesity at stable weight. In contrast, UCP2 mRNA levels were increased by 30% in skeletal muscle of 20% weight‐reduced subjects with obesity. In a different set of patients, mostly lean, UCP3L mRNA in skeletal muscle was decreased by 28% (p = 0.0425) after 10% weight reduction at stable weight. Expression of UCP2 mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue was similar in lean individuals and in individuals with obesity, and was increased by 58% during active weight loss.Discussion: Stabilization at reduced body weight in humans is associated with a decrease in UCP3 mRNA in muscle. It is possible that reduced UCP3 expression could contribute to decreased energy expenditure in weight‐stable, weight‐reduced individuals.
Basal and Stimulated Plasma Leptin in Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Liu Jianmei , Askari Hasan , Dagogo‐Jack Samuel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLIU, JIANMEI, HASAN ASKARI, AND SAMUEL DAGOGO‐JACK. Basal and stimulated plasma leptin in diabetic subjects. Obes Res.Objective: To determine whether leptin secretion is impaired in diabetes, we compared basal and stimulated plasma leptin levels in diabetic subjects and healthy controls.Research Methods and Procedures: Blood samples for assay of leptin and other hormones were obtained at baseline in 54 diabetic patients and 65 controls, and 8 hours, 16 hours, and 40 hours following ingestion of dexamethasone (4 mg) in 6 healthy and 12 controls. C‐peptide status was defined as “negative” if ≤0.1 ng/mL or “positive” if ≥0.3 ng/mL, in fasting plasma.Results: Basal plasma leptin levels were 19. 7±2. 2 ng/mL in nondiabetic subjects, 13. 4±1. 5 ng/ml in C‐peptide negative (n = 28) and 26. 1±23. 7 ng/mL in C‐peptide positive (n = 26, p = 0. 001) diabetic patients. Dexamethasone increased leptin levels of controls (n = 6) to 145±17% of baseline values at 8 hours (p = O. O3), 224±18% at 16 hours (p = 0. 01), and 134218% at 40 hours (p = 0. 05). The corresponding changes were 108±13%, 126±23%, and 98±16% in C‐peptide negative (n = 6), and 121±10%, 144±16% (p = 0. 03), and 147±23% (p = 0. 11) in C‐peptide positive (n = 6) diabetic patients, respectively. The peak stimulated leptin levels were lower in the diabetic patients, compared with controls. Plasma insulin increased (p = 0. 02) in controls, but not in the diabetic patients, following dexamethasone.Discussion: Although diabetic patients have normal plasma leptin levels under basal conditions, their leptin responses to glucocorticoid are impaired, probably because of the concomitant insulin secretory defect. A subnormal leptin secretory response could worsen obesity and insulin resistance in diabetes.
Mistreatment Due to Weight: Prevalence and Sources of Perceived Mistreatment in Women and Men
Authors: Falkner Nicole H. , French Simone A. , Jeffery Robert W. , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne , Sherwood Nancy E. , Morton Noelle 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFALKNER, NICOLE H, SIMONE A. FRENCH, ROBERT W. JEFFERY, DIANNE NEUMARK‐SZTAINER, NANCY E. SHERWOOD, AND NOELLE MORTON. Mistreatment due to weight: prevalence and sources of perceived mistreatment in women and men. Obes Res.Objective: Previous research has documented prejudicial attitudes and discrimination against overweight people. Yet the extent to which overweight people themselves perceive that they have been mistreated because of their weight has not been carefully studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of perceived mistreatment due to weight and sources of perceived mistreatment.Methods and Procedures: A non‐clinical sample of healthy adults (187 men and 800 women) enrolled in a weight gain prevention program comprised the study population. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to measure perceived mistreatment due to weight.Results: Overall, 22% of women and 17% of men reported weight‐related mistreatment. The most commonly reported sources of mistreatment among women were strangers (12. 5%) and a spouse or loved one (11. 9%). Men were most likely to report mistreatment by a spouse or loved one (10. 2%) and friends (7. 5%). Somewhat surprisingly, sex differences in perceived weight‐related mistreatment were significant only for stranger as the source. Perceived weight‐related mistreatment was positively associated with body mass index (BMI) (r = 0. 39, p<0. 0001). Reported mistreatment was nearly ten times as pervalent among individuals in the highest quartile of the BMI distribution (42. 5%) than among those in the lowest BMI quartile (5. 7%), but was significantly greater than zero in all but the very lean.Discussion: Perceived mistreatment due to weight is a common experience and is not restricted to the morbidly obese. Results are discussed in light of the sociocultural value for thinness.
Box–Behnken factorial design study of the variables affecting metal electrodeposition in membraneless fluidized bed electrodes
Authors: Tonini George André , Martins Farinos Rosimeire , de Almeida Prado Pedro Forastieri , Martins Ruotolo Luís Augusto 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Heavy metal removal from industrial wastewaters has been studied intensively since it is well known that they can cause severe problems to human health and aquatic life, even at very low concentrations. Traditional precipitation or adsorption technologies only transfer the problem to the solid phase, therefore new technologies, such as electrodeposition using fluidized bed electrodes (FBE), have been considered to avoid contamination.RESULTS: Copper electrodeposition from diluted solutions was carried out using a membraneless FBE. The supporting electrolyte concentration (Cs) was the main variable affecting the current efficiency (CE), energy consumption (EC), and space‐time yield (Y). Although it does not change the response surface morphology, increasing Cs there was an important improvement of CE, Y, and EC. The effects of current and bed expansion are much more complex, since an interaction effect between these two variables was verified. Considering only the region of active kinetic control, copper can be optimally recovered with CE > 90%, Y ∼93 kg h−1 m−3, and EC ∼3.2 kWh kg−1 by applying the highest levels of the independent variables.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that electrodeposition using a membraneless FBE is an excellent method for the treatment of effluents contaminated with copper or other metals. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Enrichment of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases the capsaicinoids content in Habanero peppers (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)
Authors: Garruña‐Hernández René , Monforte‐González Miriam , Canto‐Aguilar Azucena , Vázquez‐Flota Felipe , Orellana Roger 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of the increase of atmospheric CO2 on agricultural productivity have been mainly analyzed through its impact on biomass yield, and little attention has been directed to quality traits, such as nutritional or organoleptic attributes. For this study, plants of hot Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) were grown in growth chambers under three different CO2 levels: 380 (normal atmospheric value), 760 and 1140 µmol mol−1, and their effects on pod yield, size, color and pungency, were monitored.ResultsThe total number of pods per plant increased by 88.5% at the highest CO2, in comparison to plants grown at normal CO2 conditions. Pod size and yield per plant also increased when plants were grown at the highest CO2 concentration (partial pressure). Furthermore, total capsaicinoids contents in ripe peppers under a high CO2 atmosphere were 27% higher than those from plants under lower concentrations, but it was not the case for immature pods.ConclusionThese data suggest that the increase of atmospheric CO2 could modify specific routes of secondary metabolism as well as others desirable traits, thus affecting the quality of Capsicum pepper products. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry