bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Efficacy of Mechanical Micronized Fat-Assisted Fat Grafting on Temporal Depression
Authors: He Anqi , Zheng Shaoluan , Chen Chenxi , Feng Zihao , Qi Fazhi 
Published: August 2024

Background
Temporal concavities result from reduced subcutaneous fat and bone structure variations, impacting facial aesthetics. Filling treatments, including autologous fat grafts, synthetic fillers, and biological materials, are used for enhancement. Autologous fat grafting is promising but limited by unpredictable fat absorption and nonstandardized procedures. This study aims to assess the clinical effectiveness of mechanical micronized fat in combination with autologous granular fat grafting for lipofilling in the correction of temporal deformities.

Methods
Patients (n = 37, mean age = 37.48) with temporal concavity caused by aging and Inherently inadequate capacity were enrolled and divided into control group (n = 10) and study group (n = 9) according to different fat grafts. Control group received pure autologous granular fat, with an average volume of approximately 19.30 mL. In contrast, the study group used mechanical micronized fat along with autologous granular fat co-injection through an 18G needle with an average injection volume of about 18.89 mL. All autologous fat collected from patients' abdominal and thighs. Information, including postoperative clinical efficacy scored by various plastic surgeons for the comparison of preoperative and postoperative photos of patients, patient satisfaction, and complications between the two groups, was documented. Additionally, changes in patients' quality of life were evaluated using the FACE-Q scale.

Results
Six months after surgery, the efficacy of temporal filling in the study group (6.69 ± 0.64) was higher than the control group (6.37 ± 0.67) (P = 0.0048). The patient satisfaction was more prominent in the study group (6.28 ± 0.87) than in the control group (5.80 ± 0.71) (P = 0.0449). Differences between above two observation indicators were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The FACE-Q scale items, which assess psychological health, social functioning, and early life impact, showed higher scores in the study group both before the surgery (psychological health: 59.22 ± 3.53, social functioning: 64.75 ± 3.15) and 6 months after the surgery (psychological health: 69.44 ± 4.50, social functioning: 75.33 ± 3.81, early life impact: 74.21 ± 0.70) (P > 0.05). Notably, only one micronodule formation was detected among all patients.

Conclusion
Mechanical micronized fat combined with autologous granular fat improve the clinical effect of treating concavity in temporal region, which is worthy of further promotion and application.
The Value of Drawing Practice in Plastic Surgery Training
Authors: Xing Shuliang , James Andrew J. , Nemani Sriya V. , Wang Jianfeng , Qi Fazhi , Gu Jianying 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
No specialty has such close relationship with art as plastic surgery among medicine. Both are intensely creative processes that combine technology with utmost dexterity and now are undervalued in the medical education. Art is a reservoir that provides a surgeon with creativity and improved dexterity. It is beneficial for the surgeons to practice drawing, for it can bring passion and inspiration, enhance observation and imagination, improve dexterity and accuracy, and help keep a good relation with patients. In some way, plastic surgery is art and plastic surgeon is artist.
Comparison of Microwave-Based Therapy and Negative-Pressure Suction-Curettage for Axillary Hyperhidrosis and Bromhidrosis
Authors: Ge Yining , Liu Jiaqi , Zhang Rufan 
Published: August 2024

Background
Axillary hyperhidrosis and bromhidrosis are common clinical diseases, affecting the patients' work and life. Negative-pressure suction-curettage is the most popular treatment now, but challenged by a new microwave-based therapy (MiraDry). We intend to compare the safety and efficiency of the 2 treatments.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 39 female patients with both primary hyperhidrosis and bromhidrosis was conducted. Seventeen patients were treated with MiraDry, and 22 underwent negative-pressure suction-curettage. The postoperative follow-up program included sweat and odor assessments, satisfaction measurement, safety evaluation, and recurrence assessment at different time points until 12 months.

Results
Both treatments showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in HDSS score and odor level at 6 and 12 months compared with the baseline. No significant difference in relative reduction was observed between the 2 groups. The satisfaction score of the microwave-based therapy group was higher than that of the negative-pressure suction-curettage group, but no statistical difference was found. The difference in the recurrence rate and complication rate between the groups did not reach significance.

Conclusions
Microwave-based therapy is a noninvasive treatment with durable effects, low risks, shorter downtime, good appearance, and high satisfaction for axillary hyperhidrosis and bromhidrosis.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Skin Lesions in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Ge Yining , Saad Mariam , Nemani Sriya , Shi Yuedong , Lineaweaver William C. , Yang Yanwen 
Published: August 2024

Background
Immunosuppressive therapy is essential for to prevent graft rejection in renal transplant patients; however, it is associated with elevating the risk of several pathologies in these patients particularly infectious and neoplastic conditions. In this study, we explore the diagnosis and treatment of skin lesions in renal transplant patients.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of 12 renal transplant recipients referred to plastic and reconstructive surgery with skin lesions from 2000 to 2020 was performed.

Results
The mean age of the 12 patients was 49.6 years. Time to plastic surgery after renal transplantation ranged between 1 and 16 years. Nine cases of basal cell carcinoma, 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 case of skin and soft tissue infection of the lower extremity and cutaneous extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type was observed. Flaps, skin grafts, and artificial dermis grafts constitute the main reconstructive methods. There were no postoperative infections or wound dehiscence.

Conclusions
Cutaneous infections and skin malignancy account for most of the skin lesions developing after renal transplantation. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder warrants equal attention and should not be disregarded. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve prognosis as patients with longer duration of transplant were found to have more aggressive tumors. Plastic and reconstructive surgery offers a safe therapeutic method of treatment in these cases.
Reconstruction Techniques and Associated Morbidity in Minimally Invasive Gastrectomy for Cancer
Authors: Schneider Marcel André , Kim Jeesun , Berlth Felix , Sugita Yutaka , Grimminger Peter P. , Wijnhoven Bas P.L. , Overtoom Hidde , Gockel Ines , Thieme René , Griffiths Ewen A. , Butterworth William , Nienhüser Henrik , Müller Beat , Crnovrsanin Nerma , Gero Daniel , Nickel Felix , Gisbertz Suzanne , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Pucher Philip H. , Khan Kashuf , Chaudry Asif , Patel Pranav H. , Pera Manuel , Dal Cero Mariagiulia , Garcia Carlos , Martinez Salinas Guillermo , Kassab Paulo , Prado Castro Osvaldo Antônio , Norero Enrique , Wisniowski Paul , Putnam Luke Randall , Lombardi Pietro Maria , Ferrari Giovanni , Gudaityte Rita , Maleckas Almantas , Prodehl Leanne , Castaldi Antonio , Prudhomme Michel , Lee Hyuk-Joon , Sano Takeshi , Baiocchi Gian Luca , De Manzoni Giovanni , Giacopuzzi Simone , Bencivenga Maria , Rosati Riccardo , Puccetti Francesco , D’Ugo Domenico ,   the GASTRODATA consortium, Nunobe Souya , Yang Han-Kwang , Gutschow Christian Alexander 
Published: August 2024

Objective/Background:
Various anastomotic and reconstruction techniques are used for minimally invasive total (miTG) and distal gastrectomy (miDG). Their effects on postoperative morbidity have not been extensively studied.

Methods:
MiTG and miDG patients were selected from 9356 oncological gastrectomies performed in 2017–2021 in 43 centers. Endpoints included anastomotic leakage (AL) rate and postoperative morbidity tested by multivariable analysis.

Results:
Three major anastomotic techniques [circular stapled (CS); linear stapled (LS); and hand sewn (HS)], and 3 major bowel reconstruction types [Roux (RX); Billroth I (BI); Billroth II (BII)] were identified in miTG (n=878) and miDG (n=3334). Postoperative complications, including AL (5.2% vs 1.1%), overall (28.7% vs 16.3%), and major morbidity (15.7% vs 8.2%), as well as 90-day mortality (1.6% vs 0.5%) were higher after miTG compared with miDG. After miTG, the AL rate was higher after CS (4.3%) and HS (7.9%) compared with LS (3.4%). Similarly, major complications (LS: 9.7%, CS: 16.2%, and HS: 12.7%) were lowest after LS. Multivariate analysis confirmed anastomotic technique as a predictive factor for AL, overall, and major complications. In miDG, AL rate (BI: 1.4%, BII 0.8%, and RX 1.2%), overall (BI: 14.5%, BII: 15.0%, and RX: 18.7%), and major morbidity (BI: 7.9%, BII: 9.1%, and RX: 7.2%), and mortality (BI: 0%, BII: 0.1%, and RY: 1.1%%) were not affected by bowel reconstruction.

Conclusions:
In oncologically suitable situations, miDG should be preferred to miTG, as postoperative morbidity is significantly lower. LS should be a preferred anastomotic technique for miTG in Western Centers. Conversely, bowel reconstruction in DG may be chosen according to the surgeon’s preference.
Mycotic Aneurysms: Uncommon Pathogens and Treatment Conundrums
Authors: Ravindra Akshatha , Naguthevar Santhanam , Kumar Deepak , Rajagopal Rengarajan , Khera Pushpinder Singh , Tak Vibhor , Ramankutty Neetha Thayil , Meena Durga Shankar , Midha Naresh , Bohra Gopal Krishana , Garg Mahendra Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Mycotic aneurysms, characterized by vessel wall dilation resulting from infections including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, are a rare yet severe consequence of systemic infections.These aneurysms, accounting for 0.6% of Western countries' aneurysms, carry a higher risk of rupture compared to uninfected conditions. While the femoral artery, aorta, and intracranial visceral arteries are commonly affected, pathogens causing mycotic aneurysms vary across regions. Diagnostic challenges arise from nonspecific symptoms such as fever, pulsatile mass, local discomfort, and arterial inflammation.

Materials & Methods:
The case series involves three patients diagnosed with mycotic aneurysms due to unusual pathogens. We describe each patient's clinical presentation, medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory results, imaging studies, and the diagnostic process leading to the identification of the causative pathogens.

Results

The first case depicts a 70-year-old male with a ruptured infra-renal abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm caused by Salmonella Paratyphi A. The second case involves a 66-year-old male with a Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated descending thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm. The third case pertains to a 70-year-old male with a ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysm into the esophagus due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Each case highlights unique clinical features, laboratory findings, imaging results, and the management approaches undertaken.

Conclusion

Mycotic aneurysms, stemming from infections involving diverse pathogens, pose diagnostic challenges due to their nonspecific symptoms. Early identification and intervention are essential to mitigate the severe complications associated with these aneurysms. The presented cases underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management, ensuring optimal outcomes for patients affected by mycotic aneurysms.
A Chameleonic Macrocyclic Peptide with Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Payne Colton D. , Franke Bastian , Fisher Mark F. , Hajiaghaalipour Fatemeh , McAleese Courtney E. , Song Angela , Eliasson Carl , Zhang Jingjing , Jayasena Achala S. , Vadlamani Grishma , Clark Richard J. , Minchin Rodney F. , Mylne Joshua S. , Rosengren K. Johan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHead-to-tail cyclized peptides are intriguing natural products with unique properties. The PawS-Derived Peptides (PDPs) are produced from precursors of seed storage albumins in species of the daisy family. Here we report an unusually large PDP with two disulfide bonds, identified from seeds ofZinnia elegans. In water, synthetic PDP-23 forms a unique dimeric structure in which two monomers containing two β-hairpins cross-clasp and enclose a hydrophobic core, creating a square prism. This stable dimer can be split and each monomer unfolds to a V-shape in micelles or organic solvents. This chameleonic character is unusual for disulfide-rich peptides and engenders PDP-23 with potential for cell delivery and accessing novel targets. We demonstrated this by conjugating a rhodamine dye to the PDP-23 scaffold, creating a stable, cell-penetrating inhibitor of the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump.
Older mothers produce offspring with longer telomeres: a longitudinal within-parent analysis
Authors: Brown Antony M. , Wood Emma M. , Capilla-Lasheras Pablo , Harrison Xavier A. , Young Andrew J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs telomere length often predicts survival and lifespan, there is considerable interest in understanding the origins of inter-individual variation in telomere length. Transgenerational effects of parental age on offspring telomere length are thought to be a key source of variation, but the rarity of longitudinal studies that examine the telomeres of successive offspring born throughout the lives of parents leaves such parental age effects poorly understood. Here, we exploit telomere length measures of successive offspring produced throughout the long breeding tenures of parents in wild white-browed sparrow-weaver (Plocepasser mahali) societies, to isolate the effects of within-parent changes in age on offspring telomere lengths. Our analyses reveal the first evidence to date of a positive within-parent effect of advancing age on offspring telomere length: as individual mothers age they produce offspring with longer telomeres. We consider the potential for pre- and post-natal mechanisms to explain our findings. As telomere erosion predicts offspring mortality in this species, this positive parental age effect could significantly impact parent and offspring fitness. Our findings support the view that transgenerational effects of parental age can be an appreciable source of inter-individual variation in telomere length.
Effects of physiological deficits in pineal melatonin on Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Dearing Carley G. , Silva Primal D. , Turner Danielle N. , Fish Betty A. , Contreras Ethan O. , Schwarting Zuri A. , Sena Johnny , Schilkey Faye D. , Bearer Elaine L. , Wilkinson Stephen D. , Rogelj Snezna , Thompson Stewart 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive and treatment resistant. Evidence suggests that deficits in melatonin signaling increase TNBC risk: conditions that suppress melatonin increased incidence, low melatonin receptor expression correlates with worse prognosis, and high-dose melatonin can inhibit TNBC. Together this suggests that normalizing pineal melatonin could reduce TNBC incidence and/or mortality. The goal of this study was to determine whether small physiological deficits in melatonin alone, can increase risk for TNBC, and how ‘normal’ melatonin would be protective.MethodsThe effect of melatonin treatment on 4t1 cellsin vitrowas measured using the MTT cell viability assay, and gene expression of breast cancer and melatonin signaling markers. The effect of pineal gland status on 4t1 cell allografts was tested in C3Sn mice (Mus Musculus) with either an intact pineal (control) or surgical removal of the pineal causing a ~50% deficit in plasma melatonin. Orthotopic tumors were assessed by histopathology and metastasis by strain specific qPCR against 4t1 cell and host gDNA.ResultsMelatonin treatment induced significant changes in gene expression, with a significant reduction in derived PAM50 Risk of Recurrence score (ROR in Not treated = 65.5 ± 10.6 Mean SEM; Treated with 25pg/ml of melatonin 20.8 ± 8.3; P = 0.008), suggesting melatonin treatment would improve prognosis. A ~50% reduction in plasma melatonin increased orthotopic tumors, but this was non-significant, and had no effect on metastasis from tail vein allograft.ConclusionsPhysiological deficits in melatonin do alter the oncogenic status of 4t1 tumor cells but this has only a limited effect on growth and metastasisin vivo. Lack of significance in orthotopic tumor formation may be due to small sample size, and it is possible that any protective effect of melatonin occurs earlier in tumor development than we have tested.
Evaluation of Postharvest Senescence in Broccoli Via Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Guo Xiaolei , Ahlawat Yogesh , Zare Alina , Liu Tie 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTFresh fruits and vegetables are invaluable for human health, but their quality deteriorates before reaching consumers due to ongoing biochemical processes and compositional changes. The current lack of any objective indices for defining “freshness” of fruits or vegetables limits our capacity to control product quality leading to food loss and waste. It has been hypothesized that certain proteins and compounds such as glucosinolates can be used as an indicator to monitor the freshness of vegetables and fruits. However, it is challenging to “visualize” the proteins and bioactive compounds during the senescence processes. In this work, we propose machine learning hyperspectral image analysis approaches for estimating glucosinolates levels to detect postharvest senescence in broccoli. Therefore, we set out the research to quantify glucosinolates as “freshness-indicators” which aid in the development of an innovative and accessible tool to precisely estimate the freshness of produce. Such a tool would allow for significant advancement in postharvest logistics and supporting the availability for high-quality and nutritious fresh produce.
KLHDC7B as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Insights from Bulk and Single-Cell RNA-Seq and Spatial Transcriptomics of Epidermal Keratinocytes
Authors: Guo Sen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many body parts, symptoms vary among people and may be mild to severe. Red rash on the face is the most common symptom, others include painful and swollen joints, fever, chest pain, and feeling tired [1]. Both genetics and environmental factors are identified to be involved in SLE [2]. Currently, there is no cure for SLE, and corticosteroids are usually used as one of the treatment methods, but long-term use leads to side effects [3]. Identifying new therapeutic targets is crucial for improving the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). By integrating bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data with spatial transcriptomics of keratinocytes, we found KLHDC7B to be upregulated in UV-treated HaCaT cells, SLE skin keratinocytes, and spatially resolved epidermal samples. These findings suggest KLHDC7B as a potential therapeutic target for SLE.
Inferring polygenic negative selection underlying an individual trait as a distribution of fitness effects (DFEs) from GWAS summary statistics
Authors: Xue Alexander T. , Huang Yi-Fei , Siepel Adam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere has been rising interest in exploiting data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to detect a genetic signature of natural selection acting on a given phenotype. However, current approaches are unable to directly estimate the distribution of fitness effects (DFE), an established property in population genetics that can elucidate genomic architecture pertaining to a particular focal trait. To this end, we introduce ASSESS, an inferential method that exploits the Poisson Random Field (PRF) to model selection coefficients from genome-wide allele count data, while jointly conditioning GWAS summary statistics on a latent distribution of phenotypic effect sizes. This probabilistic model is unified under the assumption of an explicit relationship between fitness and trait effect to yield a DFE. To gauge the performance of ASSESS, we enlisted various simulation experiments that covered a range of usage cases and model misspecifications, which revealed accurate recovery of the underlying selection signal. As a further proof-of-concept, ASSESS was applied to an array of publicly available human trait data, whereby we replicated previously published empirical findings from an alternative methodology. These demonstrations illustrate the potential of ASSESS to satisfy an increasing need for powerful yet convenient population genomic inference from GWAS summary statistics.Author SummaryThe growth of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) over the past decade has provided a wealth of resources for uncovering the genomic architecture underlying complex traits, including the footprint of selection. Currently, there are computational tools for inferring natural selection whereby GWAS results are leveraged to conduct a binary test for overall presence, estimate a correlated property, or summarize polygenic selection strength with a single statistic. However, a methodology that exploits GWAS data to estimate the distribution of fitness effects (DFE), which is the most direct measurement for the genetic impact of natural selection acting on a complex trait, does not currently exist. To this end, we constructed an approach to directly infer the DFE, wherein per-site selection coefficients specifically associated with a focal trait are aggregated across the genome. This implementation is designed to explicitly model an entire genome-wide set of summary statistics output from a GWAS rather than the individual-level input data, which offers computational efficiency and convenience as well as alleviates privacy concerns. We expect this to be a promising development given the further accumulation of GWAS results and investigators seeking more sophisticated analyses into the relationship between genetics and traits.
Biological changes, political ideology, and scientific communication shape human perceptions of pollen seasons
Authors: Song Yiluan , Millard-Ball Adam , Fox Nathan , Van Berkel Derek , Agrawal Arun , Zhu Kai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClimate change is changing the timing and intensity of pollen seasons, thereby increasing human exposure to allergenic pollen. Climate-driven changes in pollen seasons present a unique opportunity to craft messaging aimed at communicating climate change impacts on public health through changes in the biological systems. However, it is unclear how pollen seasons are experienced and understood by the public, including how well we detect pollen seasons or what factors we view as responsible for changes in pollen seasons. Here, we use social media data in the United States from 2012 to 2022 to assess public perceptions of pollen seasons at large spatiotemporal scales. We show that pollen seasons detected by social media (Twitter) users align well with natural pollen seasons. Attribution of changing pollen seasons, however, varies based on political ideology: liberal users, compared to conservative users, are more likely to attribute changing pollen seasons to climate change. Mass media and scientific experts play a key role in communicating how climate change drives changing pollen seasons. Our findings reveal how changes in biological systems, political ideology, and scientific communications collectively shape public perceptions of pollen seasons under climate change. Our findings constitute a step towards more effective climate change impact communication and public health intervention design.