bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study of nurses’ clinical experience in recognising low mood and depression in older patients with multiple long‐term conditions
Authors: Waterworth Susan , Arroll Bruce , Raphael Deborah , Parsons John , Gott Merryn 
Published: May 2015

Aims and objectivesTo explore how nurses’ recognise depression in older patients with multiple long‐term conditions and the strategies they use to support the patient.BackgroundDepression decreases an older person's quality of life and sense of wellness, and increases functional impairment. The positive role of nurses working with patients with long‐term conditions is now being recognised internationally; however, there is a gap in the research about how nurses recognise depression in older patients and how this impacts on their practice.DesignThis is a qualitative study informed by a constructivist grounded theory approach.MethodsIn‐depth telephone interviews were conducted with 40 nurses working in geographically diverse areas in New Zealand.ResultsHaving the conversation with older patients about their low moods, or specifically about depression was not something that all the nurses had, or felt they could have. While some nurses knew they could provide specific advice to patients, others believed this was not their responsibility, or within the scope of their role.ConclusionFaced with an increasing number of older people with long‐term conditions, one of which maybe depression itself or as a result of living with other long‐term conditions, ongoing monitoring and support pathways are necessary to prevent further decline in the older person's quality of life and well‐being.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses in primary health care can build on current knowledge and skills to increase their capability to promote ‘ageing well’ with older people who have long‐term conditions and depression.
Biosciences in nurse education: is the curriculum fit for practice? Lecturers' views and recommendations from across the UK
Authors: Taylor Vanessa , Ashelford Sarah , Fell Patricia , Goacher Penelope J 
Published: May 2015

Aims and objectivesThis study aims to review the biosciences component of preregistration nursing programmes in higher education institutions across the UK through the experiences and perceptions of lecturers involved in nursing education.BackgroundStudies suggest that some qualified nurses lack confidence in explaining the bio‐scientific rationale for their clinical practice. Biosciences can be difficult to understand and integrate into clinical decision‐making and require protected time within preregistration nurse education. In the absence of explicit national guidelines, it is unclear as to the depth and extent biosciences are taught across different institutions and the level achieved at the point of registration.DesignA survey approach was adopted to generate quantitative and qualitative feedback.MethodsData were collected using a semi‐structured questionnaire seeking the experiences and views of lecturers involved in teaching biosciences to nursing students across the UK. Data received from 10 institutions were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.ResultsLecturers reported that the hours of taught biosciences ranged from 20–113 hours, principally within the first year. This represents between 0·4–2·4% of time within a preregistration nursing programme (4600 hours). Large group lectures predominate, supplemented by smaller group or practical work, and online materials. The biosciences are assessed specifically in half the institutions surveyed and as part of integrated assessments in the rest. In relation to student feedback, all respondents stated that students consistently requested more time and greater priority for biosciences in their programme.ConclusionsThis survey suggests that the number of hours spent teaching biosciences is minimal and varies widely between higher education institutions. All respondents expressed concern about the challenges of teaching difficult bio‐scientific concepts to large groups in such a limited time and called for greater clarity in national guidelines to ensure that all nurses are adequately educated and assessed in bioscience subjects.Relevance to clinical practiceFailure to understand the biosciences underpinning care has implications for safe and competent nursing.
Invited Forum: Bridging the “Language Gap”
Authors: Avineri Netta , Johnson Eric , Brice‐Heath Shirley , McCarty Teresa , Ochs Elinor , Kremer‐Sadlik Tamar , Blum Susan , Zentella Ana Celia , Rosa Jonathan , Flores Nelson , Alim H. Samy , Paris Django 
Published: May 2015

This Forum provides a range of voices on the Language Gap, as our aim is to shed light on the need for more critical dialogue to accompany the proliferation of political initiatives, policymaking, educational programs, and media coverage. We highlight some relevant background on the Language Gap and describe some of the research used to support the concept. The diverse slate of Forum contributions that we have assembled approach the Language Gap topic from a range of linguistic anthropological perspectives—theoretical, empirical, political, ethnographic, personal, and experiential. Based on an acknowledgment of the need to improve educational access for economically and culturally diverse students, the subsequent discussions provide a range of perspectives designed to move away from denouncing and altering home language skills as a panacea for academic woes and social inequity. Linguistic anthropology's focus on language learning ecologies, and the sophistication therein, provides a novel perspective on the Language Gap. The contributions included below problematize existing ideologies, demonstrate the wealth of resources within various communities, and propose new directions for school practices and policymaking in an effort to bridge the “language gap” toward a more inclusive and discerning view of linguistic practices across diverse groups.Video Abstract
Effects of Light Quality on the Interaction between Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Chen Li‐Juan , Zhao Fei‐Fei , Zhang Meng , Lin Hong‐Hui , Xi De‐Hui 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLight is an important environment factor controlling plant growth, development, and nutritional quality and is also one of the most important factors inducing plant defence. In this study, we assayed the potential effects of light quality on the interaction between Nicotiana tabacum and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Our results indicated that white light‐treated N. tabacum plants displayed obvious symptoms at early stage postinoculation, while the symptoms were significantly inhibited under red light and blue light. Western blotting and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) analyses showed that blue light and red light can effectively delay the replication of CMV compared with white light. The activities of various reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐scavenging enzymes and reducing substances [reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASA)] were increased under blue light and red light. In addition, hormone measurements and qRT‐PCR analyses revealed that salicylic acid (SA)‐mediated signalling pathway plays positive role in the related regulation, and cytokinin (CTK) may also participate in them. Furthermore, we found that the formation of dark green islands (DGIs) was significantly suppressed in plants under red light and blue light at 30 days postinoculation (Dpi). However, the accumulation of virus in plants under different light conditions had no notable differences at later stage of postinoculation. Taken together, these results indicated that red light and blue light could effectively delay symptom expression and replication of CMV on N. tabacum at the relatively earlier stage postinoculation.
RpoS and quorum sensing control expression and polar localization of Vibrio cholerae chemotaxis cluster III proteins in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Ringgaard Simon , Hubbard Troy , Mandlik Anjali , Davis Brigid M. , Waldor Matthew K. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe diarrheal pathogen Vibrio cholerae contains three gene clusters that encode chemotaxis‐related proteins, but only cluster II appears to be required for chemotaxis. Here, we present the first characterization of V. cholerae's ‘cluster III’ chemotaxis system. We found that cluster III proteins assemble into foci at bacterial poles, like those formed by cluster II proteins, but the two systems assemble independently and do not colocalize. Cluster III proteins are expressed in vitro during stationary phase and in conjunction with growth arrest linked to carbon starvation. This expression, as well as expression in vivo in suckling rabbits, is dependent upon RpoS. V. cholerae's CAI‐1 quorum sensing (QS) system is also required for cluster III expression in stationary phase and modulates its expression in vivo, but is not required for cluster III expression in response to carbon starvation. Surprisingly, even though the CAI‐1 and AI‐2 QS systems are thought to feed into the same signaling pathway, the AI‐2 system inhibited cluster III gene expression, revealing that the outputs of the two QS systems are not always the same. The distinctions between genetic determinants of cluster III expression in vitro and in vivo highlight the distinctive nature of the in vivo environment.
Quorum‐sensing regulators in Gram‐positive bacteria: ‘cherchez le peptide ’
Authors: Monnet V. , Gardan R. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryGram‐positive bacteria can regulate gene expression at the population level via a mechanism known as quorum sensing. Oligopeptides serve as the signaling molecules; they are secreted and then are either detected at the bacterial surface by two‐component systems or reinternalized via an oligopeptide transport system. In the latter case, imported peptides interact with cognate regulators (phosphatases or transcriptional regulators) that modulate the expression of target genes. These regulators help control crucial functions such as virulence, persistence, conjugation and competence and have been reported in bacilli, enterococci and streptococci. They form the rapidly growing RRNPP group. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Hoover et al. (2015) highlight the group's importance: they have identified a new family of regulators, Tprs (Transcription factor regulated by a Phr peptide), which work with internalized Phr‐like peptides. The mechanisms underlying the expression of the genes that encode these internalized peptides are poorly documented. However, Hoover et al. (2015) have provided a new insight: an environmental molecule, glucose, can inhibit expression of the Phr‐like peptide gene via catabolic repression. This previously undescribed regulatory pathway, controlling the production of a bacteriocin, might influence Streptococcus pneumonia's fitness in the nasopharynx, where galactose is present.
Integrating small molecule signalling and H‐NS antagonism in Vibrio cholerae, a bacterium with two chromosomes
Authors: Dorman Charles J. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryH‐NS is a well‐established silencer of virulence gene transcription in the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae. Biofilm formation aids V. cholerae in colonizing both its host and its external environments, and H‐NS silences biofilm gene expression. Cyclic‐di‐guanosine monophosphate acts through the DNA binding proteins VpsR and VpsT to overcome H‐NS‐mediated repression of biofilm genes, driving a transition between a planktonic and a colonial/biofilm lifestyle. The H‐NS binding pattern has now been charted on both chromosomes in V. cholerae, but whether or not this abundant DNA‐binding‐and‐bridging protein plays any roles in nucleoid organization in this bacterium remains an open question.
Sugars and obesity: Is it the sugars or the calories?
Authors: Choo V. L. , Ha V. , Sievenpiper J. L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSugars containing fructose are emerging as the dominant public health targets for their role in the epidemic of overweight and obesity. This position is largely supported by ecological observations, rodent models of overfeeding and select human trials. Higher level evidence from systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of controlled dietary trials has yet to show convincingly that fructose‐containing sugars behave differently from any other forms of energy (especially refined starch and fat). Prospective cohort studies, which provide the strongest observational evidence, have shown an association between risk of overweight and obesity and fructose‐containing sugars consumed as sugar‐sweetened beverages but not as total sugars or other important sources of added sugars such as cakes, pastries and sweets. Comparative analyses show that high intakes of other highly palatable foods such as refined grains, processed meats, red meats, French fries and potato products, as well as physical inactivity may play an equal or greater role in weight gain and the risk of overweight and obesity. The contributions of these factors are also difficult to disentangle from that of sugar‐sweetened beverages owing to their collinearity with sugar‐sweetened beverages as part of a Western dietary pattern and lifestyle. Attention needs to remain focused on decreasing overconsumption of all foods associated with overweight and obesity. Sugar‐sweetened beverages and foods are certainly an important place to start but should not draw attention away from the issue of overconsumption in general.
New tools for personalised nutrition: The Food4Me project
Authors: Ryan N. M. , O'Donovan C. B. , Forster H. , Woolhead C. , Walsh M. C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPersonalised nutrition can be considered on three levels, with nutritional advice tailored according to an individual's dietary intake, phenotype or genotype. Personalised nutrition has the potential to become an effective strategy for improving dietary behaviours, with numerous studies demonstrating that personalised advice is more effective than generic advice. Although personalised nutrition is in its early stages, recent advances in technology and research innovation have led to an evolution in both the assessment and delivery of personalised nutrition advice. This report outlines some of the various techniques being explored as part of the Food4Me project.
Urinary Kidney injury molecule‐1 can predict delayed graft function in living donor renal allograft recipients
Authors: Yadav Brijesh , Prasad Narayan , Agrawal Vikas , Jaiswal Akhilesh , Agrawal Vinita , Rai Mohit , Sharma Raj , Gupta Amit , Bhadauria Dharmendra , Kaul Anupama 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimDelayed graft function is an early complication leading to impaired creatinine clearance, urine formation and determinant of long term graft outcome. The aim of the present study was to determine the earliest predictive cut‐off value of uKIM‐1 level in patients with delayed graft function and acute tubular necrosis.MethodsWe have determined the serial urinary KIM‐1 normalized to urinary creatinine (uKIM‐1, pg/mg) level at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 h of post‐transplant by ELISA methods.ResultThe normalized uKIM‐1 and AUC‐ROC, of uKIM‐1 were progressively increased up to 48 h in both delayed graft function (DGF) and immediate graft function (IGF). The u KIM‐1 values were significantly high at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 h in patients with DGF as compared to that of IGF except at half an hour post‐transplant values. Although, progressive increase in uKIM‐1 values were observed in both groups of patients; there was an overlap of values between two groups up to 12 h. The earliest non‐overlapping values of uKIM‐1 between the groups were observed at 18 h onwards and minimum difference of 923.43 pg/mg. The earliest predictive AUC‐ROC of uKIM‐1 in patients with DGF without overlap with IGF was also observed at 18 h post‐transplant with specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 89.9%.ConclusionSerial uKIM‐1 measurement can be used as non‐invasive diagnostic biomarkers to predict the incident of DGF in living donor renal transplant recipients. At 18th post‐transplant hour uKIM‐1 can predict DGF with 100% specificity and 89.9% sensitivity with a cut‐off value of normalized KIM‐1 of 923.43 pg/mg.
Coordination of physiological traits involved in drought‐induced mortality of woody plants
Authors: Mencuccini Maurizio , Minunno Francesco , Salmon Yann , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi , Hölttä Teemu 
Published: May 2015

Summary

Accurate modelling of drought‐induced mortality is challenging. A steady‐state model is presented integrating xylem and phloem transport, leaf‐level gas exchange and plant carbohydrate consumption during drought development.

A Bayesian analysis of parameter uncertainty based on expert knowledge and a literature review is carried out. The model is tested by combining six data compilations covering 170 species using information on sensitivities of xylem conductivity, stomatal conductance and leaf turgor to water potential.

The possible modes of plant failure at steady state are identified (i.e. carbon (C) starvation, hydraulic failure and phloem transport failure). Carbon starvation occurs primarily in the parameter space of isohydric stomatal control, whereas hydraulic failure is prevalent in the space of xylem susceptibility to embolism. Relative to C starvation, phloem transport failure occurs under conditions of low sensitivity of photosynthesis and high sensitivity of growth to plant water status.

These three failure modes are possible extremes along two axes of physiological vulnerabilities, one characterized by the balance of water supply and demand and the other by the balance between carbohydrate sources and sinks. Because the expression of physiological vulnerabilities is coordinated, we argue that different failure modes should occur with roughly equal likelihood, consistent with predictions using optimality theory.
Dominant gain‐of‐function mutations in transmembrane domain III of ERS1 and ETR1 suggest a novel role for this domain in regulating the magnitude of ethylene response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Deslauriers Stephen D. , Alvarez Ashley A. , Lacey Randy F. , Binder Brad M. , Larsen Paul B. 
Published: May 2015

Summary

Prior work resulted in identification of an Arabidopsis mutant, eer5‐1, with extreme ethylene response in conjunction with failure to induce a subset of ethylene‐responsive genes, including AtEBP. EER5, which is a TREX‐2 homolog that is part of a nucleoporin complex, functions as part of a cryptic aspect of the ethylene signaling pathway that is required for regulating the magnitude of ethylene response.

A suppressor mutagenesis screen was carried out to identify second site mutations that could restore the growth of ethylene‐treated eer5‐1 to wild‐type levels.

A dominant gain‐of‐function mutation in the ethylene receptor ETHYLENE RESPONSE SENSOR 1 (ERS1) was identified, with the ers1‐4 mutation being located in transmembrane domain III at a point nearly equivalent to the previously described etr1‐2 mutation in the other Arabidopsis subfamily I ethylene receptor, ETHYLENE RESPONSE 1 (ETR1). Although both ers1‐4 and etr1‐2 partially suppress the ethylene hypersensitivity of eer5‐1 and are at least in part REVERSION TO ETHYLENE SENSITIVITY 1 (RTE1)‐dependent, ers1‐4 was additionally found to restore the expression of AtEBP in ers1‐4;eer5‐1 etiolated seedlings after ethylene treatment in an EIN3‐dependent manner.

Our work indicates that ERS1‐regulated expression of a subset of ethylene‐responsive genes is related to controlling the magnitude of ethylene response, with hyperinduction of these genes correlated with reduced ethylene‐dependent growth inhibition.
Expression of umami‐taste‐related genes in the tongue: a pilot study for genetic taste diagnosis
Authors: Shoji N , Kaneta N , Satoh‐Kuriwada S , Tsuchiya M , Hashimoto N , Uneyama H , Kawai M , Sasano T 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveExpression of taste‐related genes in the tongue was analysed to develop a technique for genetic diagnosis of umami taste disorders.Materials and methodsTissue samples were collected from healthy volunteers by scraping the foliate papillae of the tongue. Immunocytochemistry staining of gustducin, a taste‐cell‐specific G protein, and gene expression analysis by real‐time polymerase chain reaction of β‐actin, gustducin (GNAT3) and umami receptors (T1R1, T1R3 and mGluR1) were performed. Changes in umami receptor expression following application of umami substances onto the tongue were analysed.ResultsGustducin‐positive cells were observed in the samples, indicating the presence of taste cells. Gene expression of β‐actin, GNAT3, T1R1 and T1R3 was detected in all seven samples tested, while that of mGluR1 was detected in four samples. Sequence analysis by NCBI Blast showed that each polymerase chain reaction product had a 99% rate of identification of its target sequence. Stimulation of the tongue with monosodium glutamate significantly upregulated the gene expression levels of T1R1 and T1R3, indicating that this method can detect alterations in umami‐related gene expression.ConclusionEvaluation of the expression of the umami receptor genes, T1R1 and T1R3, in the tongue may be clinically useful for objective genetic diagnosis of umami taste disorders.
Green Light to Plant Responses to Pathogens: The Role of Chloroplast Light‐Dependent Signaling in Biotic Stress
Authors: Delprato María Laura , Krapp Adriana R. , Carrillo Néstor 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLight has a key impact on the outcome of biotic stress responses in plants by providing most of the energy and many signals for the deployment of defensive barriers. Within this context, chloroplasts are not only the major source of energy in the light; they also host biosynthetic pathways for the production of stress hormones and secondary metabolites, as well as reactive oxygen species and other signals which modulate nuclear gene expression and plant resistance to pathogens. Environmental, and in particular, light‐dependent regulation of immune responses may allow plants to anticipate and react more effectively to pathogen threats. As more information is gathered, increasingly complex models are developed to explain how light and reactive oxygen species signaling could interact with endogenous defense pathways to elicit efficient protective responses against invading microorganisms. The emerging picture places chloroplasts in a key position of an intricate regulatory network which involves several other cellular compartments. This article reviews current knowledge on the extent and the main features of chloroplast contribution to plant defensive strategies against biotic stress.