bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment Satisfaction of Men and Partners Following Switch from On-Demand Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Therapy to Tadalafil 5 mg Once Daily
Authors: Burns Patrick R. , Rosen Raymond C. , Dunn Marian , Baygani Simin K. , Perelman Michael A. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionTreatment satisfaction of men receiving phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5) for erectile dysfunction (ED) and their partners is essential to successful long-term therapy.AimThis study aims to assess treatment satisfaction, in men with a partial response to on-demand (PRN) PDE5 and their female partners, following tadalafil 5 mg once daily or placebo.MethodsThe study was randomized, double-blind, parallel, and placebo-controlled in men primarily with mild to moderate ED. Treatment satisfaction was assessed following a 4-week maximum dose PRN lead-in, 4-week nondrug washout, and treatment through 12 weeks. Men were ≥18 years old with ED for ≥3 months and International Index of Erectile Function Erectile Function score of ≥17 and &lt;26 at screening and &lt;26 following PRN lead-in.Main Outcome MeasuresTreatment satisfaction was assessed using the Treatment Satisfaction Scale (TSS) for patients and partners. TSS domain scores range from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating greater satisfaction. Statistical comparisons were made using analysis of covariance.ResultsTreatment satisfaction was significantly greater with tadalafil once daily vs. placebo across all TSS domains for both patients and their partners (all P &lt; 0.001). For patients, mean scores for the TSS domains Confidence to Complete Sexual Activity and Satisfaction with Orgasm ranged from 53.7 to 57.8 after the PRN lead-in and 26.7 to 31.9 following the nondrug washout. Following randomized treatment, scores for tadalafil and placebo were 55.4 and 32.6, respectively, for Confidence to Complete Sexual Activity and 57.5 and 37.9, respectively, for Satisfaction with Orgasm. Results were comparable for other TSS domains and between men and their partners.ConclusionsTreatment satisfaction was comparable for tadalafil 5 mg once daily and PRN PDE5 for both patients and female partners, suggesting that tadalafil once daily is a viable therapy option for men with ED who had a partial response to PRN PDE5 therapy.
Associations between sleep parameters and food reward
Authors: McNeil Jessica , Cadieux Sébastien , Finlayson Graham , Blundell John E. , Doucet Éric 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThis study examined the effects of acute, isocaloric aerobic and resistance exercise on different sleep parameters, and whether changes in these sleep parameters between sessions were related to next morning food reward. Fourteen men and women (age: 21.9 ± 2.7 years; body mass index: 22.7 ± 1.9 kg m−²) participated in three randomized crossover sessions: aerobic exercise; resistance exercise; and sedentary control. Target exercise energy expenditure was matched at 4 kcal kg−1 of body weight, and performed at 70% of VO2peak or 70% of 1 repetition‐maximal. Sleep was measured (accelerometry) for 22 h following each session. The ‘wanting’ for visual food cues (validated computer task) was assessed the next morning. There were no differences in sleep parameters and food ‘wanting’ between conditions. Decreases in sleep duration and earlier wake‐times were significantly associated with increased food ‘wanting’ between sessions (P = 0.001). However, these associations were no longer significant after controlling for elapsed time between wake‐time and the food reward task. These findings suggest that shorter sleep durations and earlier wake‐times are associated with increased food reward, but these associations are driven by elapsed time between awakening and completion of the food reward task.
Cosmogenic radionuclides and mineralogical properties of the Chelyabinsk (LL5) meteorite: What do we learn about the meteoroid?
Authors: Povinec Pavel P. , Laubenstein Matthias , Jull A. J. Timothy , Ferrière Ludovic , Brandstätter Franz , Sýkora Ivan , Masarik Jozef , Beňo Juraj , Kováčik Andrej , Topa Dan , Koeberl Christian 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOn February 15, 2013, after the observation of a brilliant fireball and a spectacular airburst over the southern Ural region (Russia), thousands of stones fell and were rapidly recovered, bringing some extremely fresh material for scientific investigations. We undertook a multidisciplinary study of a dozen stones of the Chelyabinsk meteorite, including petrographic and microprobe investigations to unravel intrinsic characteristics of this meteorite. We also study the short and long‐lived cosmogenic radionuclides to characterize the initial meteoroid size and exposure age. Petrographic observations, as well as the mineral compositions obtained by electron microprobe analyses, allow us to confirm the classification of the Chelyabinsk meteorite as an LL5 chondrite. The fragments studied, a few of which are impact melt rocks, contain abundant shock melt veins and melt pockets. It is likely that the catastrophic explosion and fragmentation of the Chelyabinsk meteoroid into thousands of stones was in part determined by the initial state of the meteoroid. The radionuclide results obtained show a wide range of concentrations of 14C, 22Na, 26Al, 54Mn, 57Co, 58Co, and 60Co, which indicate that the pre‐atmospheric object had a radius >5 m, consistent with other size estimates based on the magnitude of the airburst caused by the atmospheric entry and breakup of the Chelyabinsk meteoroid. Considering the observed 26Al activities of the investigated samples, Monte Carlo simulations, and taking into account the 26Al half‐life (0.717 Myr), the cosmic‐ray exposure age of the Chelyabinsk meteorite is estimated to be 1.2 ± 0.2 Myr. In contrast to the other radionuclides, 14C showed a very large range only consistent with most samples having been exposed to anthropogenic sources of 14C, which we associate with radioactive contamination of the Chelyabinsk region by past nuclear accidents and waste disposal, which has also been confirmed by elevated levels of anthropogenic 137Cs and primordial 40K in some of the Chelyabinsk fragments.
Nation and reproduction: immigrants and their children in population discourse in Italy
Authors: Decimo Francesca 
Published: January 2015

AbstractItalian society is undergoing significant demographic changes: on one hand, the widespread decrease in birth rates and extended life expectancies lead to a substantial aging of the population; on the other hand, rising immigration rates constitute an important factor behind the renewal and growth of young population segments. According to conventional disciplinary divisions, such changes are the established domain of demography; however, it mainly draws on ethno‐national categories to investigate them. In reference to the Italian context, this article specifically highlights the way national demography employs forecasts and value judgments derived from a qualitative and selective definition of population to address the marked increase in children born to foreign parents. By examining the reproductive behaviours of migrants in Italy, the article thus offers a wide‐ranging reflection on the social boundaries that shape the formation of an ‘other’ generation.
From mycoheterotrophy to mutualism: mycorrhizal specificity and functioning in Ophioglossum vulgatum sporophytes
Authors: Field Katie J. , Leake Jonathan R. , Tille Stefanie , Allinson Kate E. , Rimington William R. , Bidartondo Martin I. , Beerling David J. , Cameron Duncan D. 
Published: January 2015

Summary

Mycorrhizal functioning in the fern Ophioglossum is complex and poorly understood. It is unknown whether mature O. vulgatum sporophytes form mutualistic associations with fungi of the Glomeromycota and with what specificity. Are green sporophytes able to ‘repay’ fungal carbon (C) invested in them by mycorrhizal partners during the initially heterotrophic gametophyte and early sporophyte stages of the lifecycle?

We identified fungal partners of O. vulgatum sporophytes using molecular techniques and supplied them with 33P‐orthophosphate and O. vulgatum sporophytes with 14CO2. We traced the movement of fungal‐acquired nutrients and plant‐fixed C between symbionts and analysed natural abundance 13C and 15N isotope signatures to assess nutritional interactions.

We found fungal specificity of O. vulgatum sporophytes towards a mycorrhizal fungus closely related to Glomus macrocarpum. Our radioisotope tracers revealed reciprocal C‐for‐phosphorus exchange between fern sporophytes and fungal partners, despite competition from surrounding vegetation. Monocultures of O. vulgatum were enriched in 13C and 15N, providing inconclusive evidence of mycoheterotrophy when experiencing competition from the surrounding plant community.

We show mutualistic and specific symbiosis between a eusporangiate fern and fungi of the Glomeromycota. Our findings suggest a ‘take now, pay later’ strategy of mycorrhizal functioning through the lifecycle O. vulgatum, from mycoheterotrophic gametophyte to mutualistic aboveground sporophyte.
Functional diversity enhances the resistance of ecosystem multifunctionality to aridity in Mediterranean drylands
Authors: Valencia Enrique , Maestre Fernando T. , Le Bagousse‐Pinguet Yoann , Quero José Luis , Tamme Riin , Börger Luca , García‐Gómez Miguel , Gross Nicolas 
Published: January 2015

Summary

We used a functional trait‐based approach to assess the impacts of aridity and shrub encroachment on the functional structure of Mediterranean dryland communities (functional diversity (FD) and community‐weighted mean trait values (CWM)), and to evaluate how these functional attributes ultimately affect multifunctionality (i.e. the provision of several ecosystem functions simultaneously).

Shrub encroachment (the increase in the abundance/cover of shrubs) is a major land cover change that is taking place in grasslands worldwide. Studies conducted on drylands have reported positive or negative impacts of shrub encroachment depending on the functions and the traits of the sprouting or nonsprouting shrub species considered.

FD and CWM were equally important as drivers of multifunctionality responses to both aridity and shrub encroachment. Size traits (e.g. vegetative height or lateral spread) and leaf traits (e.g. specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content) captured the effect of shrub encroachment on multifunctionality with a relative high accuracy (r2 = 0.63). FD also improved the resistance of multifunctionality along the aridity gradient studied.

Maintaining and enhancing FD in plant communities may help to buffer negative effects of ongoing global environmental change on dryland multifunctionality.
The molecular circuitry of brassinosteroid signaling
Authors: Belkhadir Youssef , Jaillais Yvon 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBecause they are tethered in space, plants have to make the most of their local growth environment. In order to grow in an ever‐changing environment, plants constantly remodel their shapes. This adaptive attribute requires the orchestration of complex environmental signals at the cellular and organismal levels. A battery of small molecules, classically known as phytohormones, allows plants to change their body plan by using highly integrated signaling networks and transcriptional cascades. Amongst these hormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), the polyhydroxylated steroid of plants, influence plant responsiveness to the local environment and exquisitely promote, or interfere with, many aspects of plant development. The molecular circuits that wire steroid signals at the cell surface to the promoters of thousands of genes in the nucleus have been defined in the past decade. This review recapitulates how the transduction of BR signals impacts the temporally unfolding programs of plant growth. First, we summarize the paradigmatic BR signaling pathway acting primarily in cellular expansion. Secondly, we describe the current wiring diagram and the temporal dynamics of the BR signal transduction network. And finally we provide an overview of how key players in BR signaling act as molecular gates to transduce BR signals onto other signaling pathways.

Contents

Summary
522

I.
Introduction
522

II.
Molecular mechanisms of BRI1 signaling
523

III.
BR signaling from the cell surface to the regulation of transcription
529

IV.
Ramification of BR signaling and impacts on plant development
534

V.
Concluding remarks
537

Acknowledgements
537

References
537
The nutrient economy of Lodoicea maldivica, a monodominant palm producing the world's largest seed
Authors: Edwards Peter J. , Fleischer‐Dogley Frauke , Kaiser‐Bunbury Christopher N. 
Published: January 2015

Summary

The iconic Lodoicea maldivica palm appears to invest heavily in reproduction, with females bearing the world's largest seeds and males producing copious pollen. We asked how these palms, which grow in extremely poor soils, obtain sufficient nutrients to support such high levels of reproductive function.

Our study site was the Vallée de Mai UNESCO Site on Praslin, Seychelles. We measured the trees' allocations of dry matter, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to aboveground growth and reproduction, quantified stemflow and throughfall, and measured availabilities of N and P in the soil.

We show that the nutrient costs of reproduction are very high in male and female plants, and for P far exceed those of vegetative growth. We describe how the palm leaves form a huge funnel that intercepts particulate material, especially pollen, which is flushed to the base of the trunk when it rains. In this way, Lodoicea improves its nutrient supply and that of its dispersal‐limited offspring.

Lodoicea shares many functional characteristics with dominant trees of other monodominant forests in the humid tropics. It also exhibits unique features, including its huge seed, effective funnelling mechanism and diverse community of closely associated animals, suggesting a long evolutionary history under relatively stable conditions.
Plant phosphorus acquisition in a common mycorrhizal network: regulation of phosphate transporter genes of the Pht1 family in sorghum and flax
Authors: Walder Florian , Brulé Daphnée , Koegel Sally , Wiemken Andres , Boller Thomas , Courty Pierre‐Emmanuel 
Published: January 2015

Summary

In a preceding microcosm study, we found huge differences in phosphorus (P) acquisition in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and flax (Linum usitatissimum) sharing a common mycorrhizal network (CMN). Is the transcriptional regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)‐induced inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) transporters responsible for these differences?

We characterized and analyzed the expression of Pi transporters of the Pht1 family in both plant species, and identified two new AM‐inducible Pi transporters in flax.

Mycorrhizal Pi acquisition was strongly affected by the combination of plant and AM fungal species. A corresponding change in the expression of two AM‐inducible Pht1 transporters was noticed in both plants (SbPT9, SbPT10, LuPT5 and LuPT8), but the effect was very weak.

Overall, the expression level of these genes did not explain why flax took up more Pi from the CMN than did sorghum. The post‐transcriptional regulation of the transporters and their biochemical properties may be more important for their function than the fine‐tuning of their gene expression.
Appetite control and energy balance: impact of exercise
Authors: Blundell J. E. , Gibbons C. , Caudwell P. , Finlayson G. , Hopkins M. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryExercise is widely regarded as one of the most valuable components of behaviour that can influence body weight and therefore help in the prevention and management of obesity. Indeed, long‐term controlled trials show a clear dose‐related effect of exercise on body weight. However, there is a suspicion, particularly fuelled by media reports, that exercise serves to increase hunger and drive up food intake thereby nullifying the energy expended through activity. Not everyone performing regular exercise will lose weight and several investigations have demonstrated a huge individual variability in the response to exercise regimes. What accounts for this heterogeneous response? First, exercise (or physical activity) through the expenditure of energy will influence the energy balance equation with the potential to generate an energy deficit. However, energy expenditure also influences the control of appetite (i.e. the physiological and psychological regulatory processes underpinning feeding) and energy intake. This dynamic interaction means that the prediction of a resultant shift in energy balance, and therefore weight change, will be complicated. In changing energy intake, exercise will impact on the biological mechanisms controlling appetite. It is becoming recognized that the major influences on the expression of appetite arise from fat‐free mass and fat mass, resting metabolic rate, gastric adjustment to ingested food, changes in episodic peptides including insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and Peptide YY, as well as tonic peptides such as leptin. Moreover, there is evidence that exercise will influence all of these components that, in turn, will influence the drive to eat through the modulation of hunger (a conscious sensation reflecting a mental urge to eat) and adjustments in postprandial satiety via an interaction with food composition. The specific actions of exercise on each physiological component will vary in strength from person to person (according to individual physiological characteristics) and with the intensity and duration of exercise. Therefore, individual responses to exercise will be highly variable and difficult to predict.
Cognitive behavioral therapy eases orthodontic pain: EEG states and functional connectivity analysis
Authors: Wang J , Wu D , Shen Y , Zhang Y , Xu Y , Tang X , Wang R 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesTo assess the effects of CBT on electroencephalogram activity in patients with orthodontic pain.MethodsWe recruited 24 young (18–28 years), healthy individuals with matched baseline characteristics, including pain intensity, anxiety levels, personality traits, and life‐quality scores. Participants were randomly assigned to either the CBT intervention group (n = 12) or the blank control group (n = 12). Multichannel continuous electroencephalogram signals and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded before and after initial archwire placement for 1 week. A 1‐month follow‐up was conducted, when participants’ daily VAS scores were recorded.ResultsThe overall EEG spectral power of the CBT group was lower than that of the control group, especially in the theta (4–7 Hz) and beta (14–30 Hz) bands during the treatment period. An enhanced coupling of theta and beta frequencies was observed in frontal and occipital electrodes, respectively. The EEG power in delta and theta bands correlated positively with pain intensity. Network coherence for the CBT group exhibited higher connectivity in the theta band.ConclusionsSpecific cerebral responses to CBT instructions could be detected with continuous electroencephalograms and related to orthodontic pain processing, which may provide a new insight in exploring CBT for orthodontic pain control.
Lack of Correlations between Electrophysiological and Anatomical‐Mechanical Atrial Remodeling in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: MAURY PHILIPPE , THOMSON EMILIE , ROLLIN ANNE , BERRY MATHIEU , COGNET THOMAS , DUPARC ALEXANDRE , MONDOLY PIERRE , GAUTIER MATHIEU , LAIREZ OLIVIER , MÉJEAN SIMON , MASSABUAU PIERRE , CARDIN CHRISTELLE , COMBES STÉPHANE , ALBENQUE JEAN‐PAUL , COMBES NICOLAS 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) progressively leads to electrical remodeling (ER) and anatomical‐mechanical remodeling (AR), whose relationships in humans remain poorly known.MethodsER and AR were compared in patients undergoing percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation for AF. ER was defined by right and left appendage activation rates as a surrogate for atrial refractory periods. AR was approached by left atrial (LA) diameters and area and left atrial appendage (LAA) area and contractile function (mean emptying flow velocity) (LAAFV) before RF ablation. Mean duration between successive LAA contractions was considered as LAA mechanical rate.ResultsForty‐one patients (31 men, age: 64 ± 9 years) with paroxysmal (27%), persistent (61%), or long‐persistent AF (12%) were prospectively included (ejection fraction: 44 ± 16%). Parameters exploring AR were highly correlated to each other: LA area (28 ± 7 cm2), LAA area (5.7 ± 2.25 cm2), LA transverse (49 ± 7 mm), and anteroposterior diameter (59 ± 13 mm) or LAAFV (29 ± 13 cm/s; P < 0.05 for each comparison). Parameters exploring ER were also highly correlated: right atrial appendage (RAA; 181 ± 39 ms) and LAA (176 ± 33 ms) activation rates (P < 0.0001). There was no significant correlation between any ER and AR parameter. Only LAA mechanical rate (174 ± 36 ms) was correlated to LAA or RAA activations rates (P ≤ 0.01).ConclusionER and AR are not mutually related, atrial activation rate being not correlated to LA or LAA size or function. Thus, the mechanisms leading to AF‐induced atrial remodeling may differ for anatomical and electrophysiological aspects.
Improved management of childhood atopic dermatitis after individually tailored nurse consultations: A pilot study
Authors: Rolinck‐Werninghaus Claudia , Trentmann Marion , Reich Andreas , Lehmann Christine , Staab Doris 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundFor optimal therapy of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children, parent education for treatment strategies that consider the episodic course and multiple triggers is essential. Regular consultations with doctors often cannot appropriately provide this. Therefore, supplemental patient education tools have been established. We evaluate single nurse consultations, assessing their global benefit, parents' self‐confidence, and children's symptoms and sleep disturbance.MethodsParents of children with AD were invited for an individually tailored nurse consultation by the doctor initially consulted in cases where difficulties in implementing care recommendations were detected and established therapeutic patient education (TPE) group programmes were impracticable. Parents' estimation of their own self‐confidence, current disease severity and its treatment was assessed by a questionnaire at the consultation and by telephone 14 days later.ResultsParents of 1628 children (mean age 1.7 yr) attended consultations in 22 centres (317‐6 patients; median 38). At follow‐up parents indicated a significantly increased self‐confidence to handle the recommendations and >90% rated the consultation highly supportive. The frequency of severe symptoms was significantly lower (20% of initial cases), as of moderate symptoms (50%). Median scores for sleep disruption and pruritus decreased by >50%.ConclusionsIndividually tailored single nurse consultations for AD are associated with a significant benefit for the families after 14 days. We recommend these in addition to the usual medical care in cases where participation in TPE programmes is impossible or a short‐time follow‐up is required. To substantiate their effect, studies with a long‐term follow‐up and a control group are warranted.