bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of antibiotic prescribing: the experience of Lithuanian and Russian GPs
Authors: Jaruseviciene Lina , Radzeviciene-Jurgute Ruta , Lazarus Jeffrey , Jurgutis Arnoldas , Ovhed Ingvar , Strandberg Eva , Bjerrum Lars 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Background. Globally, general practitioners (GPs) write more than 90% of all antibiotic prescriptions. This study examines the experiences of Lithuanian and Russian GPs in antibiotic prescription for upper respiratory tract infections, including their perceptions of when it is not indicated clinically or pharmacologically. Methods. 22 Lithuanian and 29 Russian GPs participated in five focus group discussions. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results. We identified four main thematic categories: patients’ faith in antibiotics as medication for upper respiratory tract infections; patient potential to influence a GP’s decision to prescribe antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections; impediments perceived by GPs in advocating clinically grounded antibiotic prescribing with their patients, and strategies applied in physician-patient negotiation about antibiotic prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections. Conclusions. Understanding the nature of physician-patient interaction is critical to the effective pursuit of clinically grounded antibiotic use as this study undertaken in Lithuania and the Russian Federation has shown. Both physicians and patients must be targeted to ensure correct antibiotic use. Further, GPs should be supported in enhancing their communication skills about antibiotic use with their patients and encouraged to implement a shared decision-making model in their practices.
Some Perspectives on Rocket as a Vegetable Crop: A Review
Authors: Hall Matthew , Jobling Jenny , Rogers Gordon 
Published: August 2012

Some Perspectives on Rocket as a Vegetable Crop: A Review
Baby leaf rocket is consumed worldwide as a salad vegetable. It is usually mixed with other baby leaf crops, such as spinach and lettuce, to form a mesclun-type salad. Rocket crops have become popular due to their distinct taste and textural appearance in mixed salads. There are two common forms of rocket that are commercially cultivated, a perennial species (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.) known as perennial wall rocket and an annual species (Eruca sativa Mill.) known as annual garden rocket. The popularity of baby leaf crops has increased in recent years due to consumer demand for a convenient, nutritious and easily accessible product. The baby leaf salad sector is now a significant part of the leafy vegetable market, with growth in this sector estimated to continue. The leaves of cultivars of perennial wall rocket and annual garden rocket have been bred to look similar, allowing for a year-round supply of produce. Despite this, there are many differences between the species that affect their responses to abiotic factors during growth and storage. This paper aims to provide some perspectives on the historical importance, botanical classification and cultivation techniques of these economically important plants.
Studies on Heritability and Multivariate Analyses in Brinjal (Solanum Melongena L.)
Authors: Shekar K. , Ashok P. , Sasikala K. 
Published: August 2012

Studies on Heritability and Multivariate Analyses in Brinjal (Solanum Melongena L.)
Thirty one accessions of brinjal were assessed for heritability and genetic divergence for fourteen characters. Highly significant differences were observed among the accessions High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, number of fruits per plant, average fruit length, average fruit diameter, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per plot, fruit yield per hectare. Almost all the characters exhibited high heritability except for plant height (51%) and moderate to low heritability was recorded for average fruit weight (24%). Highest genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for almost all the characters except for days to first flowering, days to first picking, plant height and average fruit weight recorded moderate to low genetic advance as per cent of mean. These thirty one accessions of brinjal were assessed for genetic diversity by adopting Mahalanobis (D2) statistics considering fourteen characters were grouped into 6 clusters. Multivariate analyses revealed maximum divergence among the clusters signifying their role in exploitation of heterosis.
Comparison of Morphological Characteristics of Twelve Cultivars of Tomato Determinate Plants and Their Impact on Yield and its Structure
Authors: Jędrszczyk Elżbieta , Ambroszczyk Anna , Kopcińska Joanna , Skowera Barbara , Sękara Agnieszka 
Published: August 2012

Comparison of Morphological Characteristics of Twelve Cultivars of Tomato Determinate Plants and Their Impact on Yield and its Structure
Experiment took place in the open field in the Vegetable Experimental Station of Agricultural University near Cracow in the years 2008-2010. In the experiment twelve, polish-bred determinate tomato cultivars: Sokal F1, Batory F1, Rejtan F1, Hetman F1, Babinicz, Luban, Mieszko F1, III A F1, Awizo F1, Ondraszek, Talon and Hubal were used. In the end of growing season, morphological features of plant were measured, concerning: height of plant, number of lateral shoots, length and thickness of the internode and the number of inflorescences per plant. Harvesting was performed once, at the stage of maturity of individual cultivars. The yield and its structure was calculated. The results were statistically analyzed using NIR Fisher's test, with p=0.05. The dependences of the marketable yield and total yield of tomato plants from morphological characteristics that may affect the yield were analyzed, using multiple regression. The amount of total and marketable yield was negatively correlated with an extensive vegetative growth of tomato plants. Among all the tested cultivars Ondraszek was characterized by the most preferred morphological features and creates one of the highest yields. Cultivars Ondraszek, Sokal F1 and Batory F1 were characterized higher marketable yield, than ‘Hetman F1’. Total and marketable yield depended about 40% on tomato plant morphological features.
Biofortification of Spinach Plants APPLYING Selenium in the Nutrient Solution of Floating System
Authors: Ferrarese Matteo , Sourestani Mohammad , Quattrini Emanuele , Schiavi Massimo , Ferrante Antonio 
Published: August 2012

Biofortification of Spinach Plants APPLYING Selenium in the Nutrient Solution of Floating System
Selenium (Se) is a very important element for human health. It is involved in defense mechanisms and biosynthesis of hormones in adult and babies. The Se is a trace element and in the human body is involved in the membrane protection and has anti-cancer action. The Se is a cofactor of glutathione peroxidase and may play an important role against oxidative tissue damage. The aim of this work was to evaluate the floating system for enriching the baby leaf plants by applying the Se directly in the nutrient solution. This experiment was performed using spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plants grown in the nutrient solution containing 0, 2.6, 3.9 and 5.2 μM Se applied as Na2SeO4.
At harvest time the yield, Se content and quality parameters such as nitrate, reducing sugars and sucrose were determined. The yield was not affected by treatments and depended by seasons.
The Se content in leaves linearly increased with Se concentration in the nutrient solution. The highest value was 160 mg·kg-1 DW. Spinach leaves in the 2.6 and 3.9 μM accumulated 9-11 μg·g-1 DW and were the adequate concentrations for providing the recommended dietary allowance of 55 μg·d-1 for adults. Reducing sugars expressed as glucose equivalent did not change among treatments and ranged from 6 to 9 mg·g-1 FW. The sucrose content ranged from 0.6 to 3 mg·g-1 FW but no differences were observed among treatments. Nitrate contents in leaves were not affected from Se treatments and ranged from 3898 to 4475 mg·kg-1 FW.
Cairaeanthus gen. n. (Cestoda, Rhinebothriidea), with the Description of Two New Species from Dasyatis pastinaca in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov
Authors: Kornyushin V. , Polyakova T. 
Published: August 2012

Cairaeanthusgen. n. (Cestoda, Rhinebothriidea), with the Description of Two New Species fromDasyatis pastinacain the Black Sea and the Sea of AzovTwo new species were identified among cestodes collected fromDasyatis pastinaca(Linnaeus, 1758) in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Their morphology corresponds in the most characters to the descriptions ofPhyllobothrium lactucavan Beneden, 1850 andP. gracilisWedl, 1855 by L. Borcea (Borcea, 1934) and T. P. Pogorel'tseva (Pogorel'tseva, 1960) from the same host and seas. However, some morphological characters of these cestodes (namely, the marginal loculi on the pedicellate bothridia, cephalic peduncle, absence of the apical sucker and post-poral testes, genital pore opening marginally, close to posterior end of proglottid) correspond to diagnosis of Rhinebothriidea. Since the species from the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov did not fit diagnoses of any known genera currently belonging to Rhinebothriidea, the new genus,CairaeanthusKornyushin et Polyakova, gen. n., with two species,C. ruhnkeiKornyushin et Polyakova, sp. n. andC. healyaeKornyushin et Polyakova, sp. n., is established.Cairaeanthusgen. n. differs fromAnthocephalumLinton, 1890 in absence of apical sucker, posteriorly bifid bothridia and vitelline fields interrupted by the ovary, not extending in the posterior end of the proglottid. The new genus can be distinguished fromRhinebothriumLinton, 1890,Echeneibothiumvan Beneden, 1850,RhabdotobothriumEuzet, 1953,RhinebothroidesMayes, Brooks et Thorson, 1981,ScalithriumBall, Neifar et Euzet, 2003 by the absence of facial loculi on the bothridia and by numerous vitelline follicles, stopping at the anterior margin of the ovary; fromRhodobothriumLinton, 1889 - by absence of post-poral testes, and fromSpongiobothriumLinton, 1889 - by numerous vitelline follicles, stopping at the level of ovary.C. ruhnkeisp. n. differs fromC. healyaesp. n. in the lengths of the strobila, the cephalic peduncle and the bothridia pedicel, in size of marginal loculi and the ovary, in the number of the proglottids and the testes in the proglottid, and in the structure of genital atrium. Two new species are differentiated also from the morphologically related speciesPhyllobothrium pastinacaeMokhtar-Mocamouri, Zamali, 1981. Examined type specimens ofP. pastinacaewere attributed to Rhinebothiidea based on a set of morphological characters. However, they appear to differ from all known Rhinebothriidea, including the species from the generaAnthocephalumLinton, 1890 andCairaeanthusgen. n. Taxonomic position ofP.pastinacaeneeds further identification.
Haemopoietic System of the Anurans: The Role of Bone Marrow and Liver
Authors: Akulenko N. 
Published: August 2012

Haemopoietic System of the Anurans: The Role of Bone Marrow and LiverThe haemopoietic activity of the frog,Pelophylax ridibunduswas investigated during the year. Liver and bone marrow myelograms were examined in the different seasons using the special indexes and coefficients. It was shown the presence of the erythroid and granulocytic differentiation during the year in the both organs. In the bone marrow is changing the total number of the non-diferentiated haemopoietic cells, but ratio between erythroid and granulocytic progenitors is stabile. The haemopoietic activity of the liver has more prominent season variation in comparison with the marrow, but their total significance is comparable. The erythrocytic differentiation is more prominent during the summer and autumn, but granulocytic one took place in the spring and summer.
Echinopla Cherapunjiensis sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from India
Authors: Bharti H. , Gul I. 
Published: August 2012

Echinopla Cherapunjiensis sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from India
Echinopla cherapunjiensis Bharti et Gul, sp. n. is described from India. This represents the second species of genus reported in India, with only Echinopla lineata senilis Mayr, 1862 described earlier from Nicobar Islands. The species distinctly differs from all other known species of this genus by the following combination of characters: globose shape of head, presence of seven teeth on petiolar scale, flat dorsum of mesosoma with promesonotal and mesometanotal sutures obsolete, whole body surface (dorsum) rough due to sinuous sculpture, deep excavations and spiky elevations on head and mesosoma and excavations on gaster.
A New Species of the Genus Otites (Diptera, Ulidiidae) from Crete (Greece)
Authors: Kameneva E. 
Published: August 2012

A New Species of the Genus Otites (Diptera, Ulidiidae) from Crete (Greece)
Otites cretana Kameneva sp. n. from Crete (Psiloritis Ridge) is described. It superficially resembles Otites nebulosa (Latreille, 1812) and Dorycera persica Hennig, 1939 in the combination of very high gena and short antenna, but differs from all known Otitini by the thickened costal vein (in male), undulate vein R2+3, lacking ocellar setae and having 3 pairs of short scutellar setae. Status and generic limits of Otites and Dorycera are preliminary discussed.
Nutrient Loading on the Eastern Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) from the Russian Catchment Area
Authors: Kondratyev Sergey , Trumbull Nathaniel 
Published: August 2012

Nutrient Loading on the Eastern Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) from the Russian Catchment Area
The identification and examination of sources of external loading are important pressure indicators for studying the nutrient balance and eutrophication of water bodies. Focusing on the eastern Gulf of Finland, this paper investigates and decomposes the sources of phosphorus, a limiting factor of eutrophication of the Gulf and its accompanying Neva Bay, and of nitrogen as pressure indicators. The eastern Gulf of Finland's catchment basin represents Europe's largest freshwater basin. Both point and non-point sources of pollution, as well as their current and possible withdrawals from the watershed's nutrient loading, are considered. The investigation identifies poultry plants and animal husbandry enterprises in the coastal watershed as critical contributing sources to eutrophication in the eastern Gulf of Finland. Analyses based on such pressure indicators can help to contribute directly to future policy-making as concerns environmental protection measures and water resources planning in the eastern Gulf of Finland and other regions.
Groundwater Drought in the Nitra River Basin - Identification and Classification
Authors: Fendeková Miriam , Fendek Marián 
Published: August 2012

Groundwater Drought in the Nitra River Basin - Identification and Classification
Drought as a natural phenomenon becomes more often the subject of the research. It is because of the increasing frequency of extreme climatic events also in mild climate conditions. Groundwater drought indices could be derived for different groundwater parameters, among them for base flow, groundwater head stage, spring yield, or groundwater recharge. Base flow drought assessment methods were proposed in the paper. Base flow values were separated from the discharge hydrograms using the new HydroOffice 2010 program package, lately developed by Gregor. The base flow drought severity index was applied, calculated as the value of the base flow drought deficit volume divided by the drought duration. After that, the standardized base flow drought severity index was proposed as the ratio of the base flow drought index and the average long-term annual base flow. Proposed methods were applied in the Nitra River basin. Base flow drought occurrence was characterized also from the seasonality point of view.
Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococci isolated from ready-to-eat meat products
Authors: Podkowik M. , Bystroń J. , Bania J. 
Published: August 2012

Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococci isolated from ready-to-eat meat products
Prevalence of mecA, blaZ, tetO/K/M, ermA/B/C, aph, and vanA/B/C/D genes conferring resistance to oxacillin, penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and vancomycin was investigated in 65 staphylococcal isolates belonging to twelve species obtained from ready-to-eat porcine, bovine, and chicken products. All coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) and S. aureus isolates harbored at least one antibiotic resistance gene. None of the S. aureus possessed more than three genes, while 25% of the CNS isolates harbored at least four genes encoding resistance to clinically used antibiotics. In 15 CNS isolates the mecA gene was detected, while all S. aureus isolates were mecA-negative. We demonstrate that in ready-to-eat food the frequency of CNS harboring multiple antibiotic resistance genes is higher than that of multiple resistant S. aureus, meaning that food can be considered a reservoir of bacteria containing genes potentially contributing to the evolution of antibiotic resistance in staphylococci.
Simultaneous detection of astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus and adenovirus type I in broiler chicken flocks
Authors: Roussan D. , Shaheen I. , Khawaldeh G. , Totanji W. , Al-Rifai R. 
Published: August 2012

Simultaneous detection of astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus and adenovirus type I in broiler chicken flocksEnteric diseases cause substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. Astroviruses, rotaviruses, reoviruses, and adenovirus type 1 have been reported as a significant cause of intestinal symptoms in poultry. In the present study, intestinal samples from 70 commercial broiler chicken flocks were examined for the presence of astroviruses, rotavirus, and reovirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and for the presence of group I adenovirus by polymerase chain reaction. Astroviruses were identified in 38.6% of samples tested. Both avian nephritis virus and chicken astrovirus were identified in the astrovirus positive flocks, where 74.1% of these flocks were positive for only one type of astrovirus, whereas, 25.9% of these flocks were positive for both types of astrovirus. Reoviruses, rotaviruses, and adenoviruses were identified in 21.4, 18.6, and 14.3% of these flocks, respectively. Concomitant infection with two or more viruses in the same flock were also prominent, where 5.7, 5.7, 2.9, 2.9, 1.4, and 1.4% of these flocks were positive with both astrovirus and rotavirus; astrovirus and adenovirus; astrovirus and reovirus; rotavirus and adenovirus; rotavirus and reovirus; and reovirus and adenovirus respectively. Moreover, 4.3 and 2.7% of these flocks were positive for astrovirus, reovirus, and adenovirus; and astrovirus, reovirus, and rotavirus, respectively. Further studies will focus on identifying specific viral factors or subtypes/subgroups associated with disease through pathogenesis studies, economic losses caused by infections and co-infections of these pathogens, and the costs and benefits of countermeasures.
The effect of supplementing organic diets with fish meal and premix on the performance of pigs and some meat and blood characteristics
Authors: Grela E. , Matras J. , Pisarski R. , Sobolewska S. 
Published: August 2012

The effect of supplementing organic diets with fish meal and premix on the performance of pigs and some meat and blood characteristicsThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of fish meal and mineral-vitamin premix, supplementing organic diets, on the performance of pigs and some meat and blood characteristics. The experiment was conducted on an organic pig fattening farm. The study involved 120 pigs with an approximate 25 kg body weight. Animals were divided into 3 groups, kept in pens, 10 animals each. Group I (control) animals were fed with plant feedstuffs of organic origin. Diets for group II and III were enriched with fish meal or fish meal and vitamin-mineral premix, respectively. The experiment was carried out till pigs reached a weight of 115 kg. Feed samples were subjected to laboratory analyses. Body weight (3 times) and feed intake were recorded. Blood samples were collected (2 times) to determine hematological and biochemical indices. Some parameters in meat samples were also determined. The fish meal addition improved (P ≤ 0.05) the average daily gains as well as feed conversion ratio during fattening period and mineral-vitamin premix significantly (P ≤ 0.05) fortified fish meal influence. Fish meal supplement improved (P ≤ 0.05) also some carcass characteristics. Supplementation of the diet with premix additionally decreased (P ≤ 0.05) backfat thickness and increased share of meat in carcass. Fish meal improved (P ≤ 0.05) some meat characteristics and elevated content of some polyunsaturated fatty acids. An increase in hemoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell and cholesterol level in blood of animals from both experimental groups were also found. The results obtained proved the usefulness of fish meal and mineral-vitamin premix in the fatteners nutrition based on organic diets.
Moral norms in older Swedish women's drinking narratives. Enduring patterns and successively new features
Authors: Abrahamson Maria 
Published: August 2012

Aims To examine how the changes in women's relationship to alcohol during the 1960s appear in narratives of situated drinking occasions. Data Newly collected autobiographies written by women born between 1918 and 1951 are analysed using theories by William Labov on narrative construction and Kenneth Burke on the rhetoric of motives. Results The historically restrictive attitude to women at all drinking is present in the oldest women's narratives, while the liberalisation of attitudes to alcohol that took place in the 1960s likewise marks the narratives told by the younger women, even though they when writing are of pension able age. With the writers’ diminishing age, the norms framing the narratives have changed, from sobriety among the oldest women to controlled moderation among the younger. And yet, the narratives also demonstrate a stable pattern of questioning women's drinking, although the focus has shifted from tasting alcohol at all to the state of becoming intoxicated. Conclusions A controlling norm remains in place, which the women have internalised and made their own. The mitigating circumstances and the neutralising explanations that are presented throughout indicate that the women are conscious of the narratives’ deviation from the prevailing norm, and show that women take a risk in drinking alcohol. When a woman drinks she risks her femininity.
Snow Mould Development under Conditions of Central Part of Latvia
Authors: Bankina Biruta , Ruza Antons , Katamadze Merabs , Kreita Dzintra , Paura Līga 
Published: August 2012

Snow Mould Development under Conditions of Central Part of LatviaSnow mould is a common disease of winter cereals in moderate and cold climatic areas. Snow mould of winter cereals has been observed sporadically in Latvia. Sharp development of this disease (caused byMicrodochium nivale) was noticed in 2005-2007. The aim of the investigations was to clarify peculiarities of snow mould development depending on different agroecological conditions. Observations of snow mould incidence were carried out in the central part of Latvia - at the Study and research farm "Peterlauki" of the Latvia University of Agriculture during 2005-2008. The average incidence of snow mould was 40% (5-60%) in 2005, 31% (14-63%) in 2006, and 36% (2-95%) in 2007. The highest incidence of the disease was established for cultivar ‘Cubus’ (23-95% depending on the year and the sowing time). A moderate development of snow mould was observed for variety ‘Zentos’ (5-60%), but only 2-50% of damaged plants were found for ‘Tarso’. The main reason of sharp development of the disease was too early sowing of winter wheat, whereas late time of wheat sowing, on average, significantly decreased the development of snow mould (p<0.001). Further investigations are necessary to better understand the complex of factors which influenced wheat susceptibility against snow mould.