bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colored dissolved organic matter dynamics and anthropogenic influences in a major transboundary river and its coastal wetland
Authors: Tzortziou Maria , Zeri Christina , Dimitriou Elias , Ding Yan , Jaffé Rudolf , Anagnostou Emmanouil , Pitta Elli , Mentzafou Angeliki 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMost transboundary rivers and their wetlands are subject to considerable anthropogenic pressures associated with multiple and often conflicting uses. In the Eastern Mediterranean such systems are also particularly vulnerable to climate change, posing additional challenges for integrated water resources management. Comprehensive measurements of the optical signature of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) were combined with measurements of river discharges and water physicochemical and biogeochemical properties, to assess carbon dynamics, water quality, and anthropogenic influences in a major transboundary system of the Eastern Mediterranean, the Evros (or, Марица or, Meriç) river and its Ramsar protected coastal wetland. Measurements were performed over three years, in seasons characterized by different hydrologic conditions and along transects extending more than 70 km from the freshwater end‐member to two kilometers offshore in the Aegean Sea. Changes in precipitation, anthropogenic dissolved organic matter (DOM) inputs from the polluted Ergene tributary, and the irregular operation of a dam were key factors driving water quality, salinity regimes, and biogeochemical properties in the Evros delta and coastal waters. Marsh outwelling affected coastal carbon quality, but the influence of wetlands was often masked by anthropogenic DOM contributions. A distinctive five‐peak CDOM fluorescence signature was characteristic of upstream anthropogenic inputs and clearly tracked the influence of freshwater discharges on water quality. Monitoring of this CDOM fluorescence footprint could have direct applications to programs focusing on water quality and environmental assessment in this and other transboundary rivers where management of water resources remains largely ineffective.
Clearance of yellow tattoo ink with a novel 532‐nm picosecond laser
Authors: Alabdulrazzaq Hamad , Brauer Jeremy A. , Bae Yoon‐Soo , Geronemus Roy G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAlthough technology and tattoo removal methods continue to evolve, yellow pigment clearance continues to be challenging and usually unsuccessful. We describe a case series of six tattoos containing yellow ink, successfully treated with a frequency‐doubled Nd:YAG 532‐nm picosecond laser.Study Design/Materials and MethodsCase series with six subjects participating for the treatment of multicolored tattoos that contain yellow pigment. Treatments performed with a frequency‐doubled Nd:YAG 532‐nm picosecond laser at 6–8 week intervals.ResultsOne subject achieved complete clearance of the treated site after one session, and five subjects required 2–4 treatments to achieve over 75% clearance. Minimal downtime was experienced, and no scarring or textural skin changes were observed in any of the treated sites.ConclusionsThis is the first case series that demonstrates effective and consistent reduction of yellow tattoo ink using a frequency doubled Nd:YAG 532‐nm laser with a picosecond pulse duration. Treatments were well tolerated and subjects had positive outcomes. This is a small observational case series from an ongoing clinical trial, and studies with a larger sample size and comparative group are needed in the future. in vivo. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:285–288, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Knowledge of diagnosis, treatment history, and risk of late effects among childhood cancer survivors and parents: The impact of a survivorship clinic
Authors: Lindell Robert B. , Koh Shannon J. , Alvarez JoAnn M. , Koyama Tatsuki , Esbenshade Adam J. , Simmons Jill H. , Friedman Debra L. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundChildhood cancer survivors are at risk for treatment‐related adverse health outcomes, known as late effects. Through matched and longitudinal cohorts, we assessed the impact of survivorship care on patient and parent knowledge of treatment history and associated health risks.ProcedureChildhood cancer survivors were recruited from a single‐institution survivorship clinic and matched with survivors receiving routine follow‐up care (controls) on diagnosis, age, and time off therapy. One hundred seventy‐four participants completed telephone interviews assessing knowledge of diagnosis, treatment history, and risk of late effects. Additionally, 48 new survivorship patients were followed longitudinally with serial interviews for 18 months.ResultsIn the case‐control study, survivorship participants were more likely than controls to correctly report their diagnosis (98% vs. 90%, P = 0.039) and indicate a previous discussion of risk of late effects (99% vs. 62%, P < 0.0001). Compared to controls, survivorship participants were 13% more sensitive reporting chemotherapeutics (95%CI 2.8–23.7%, P = 0.013) and 12% more sensitive reporting late effect risk (95%CI 7.3–16.6%, P < 0.0001). In the longitudinal cohort, participants were 7% more sensitive reporting chemotherapeutics (95%CI 5.4–10.8%, P < 0.001) and 9% more sensitive reporting late effect risk (95%CI 5.6–23.8%, P < 0.001) at 3 months compared to baseline. In regression analysis, baseline knowledge correlated with subsequent interview performance, and time since survivorship visit correlated with decreased knowledge of late effects, but not diagnosis or treatment history.ConclusionsSurvivorship care was associated with increased knowledge of diagnosis, treatment history, and risk of late effects in both cohorts. Knowledge of late effects decreases with time, suggesting the need for additional educational strategies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1444–1451. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phosphonium polyelectrolytes: influence of diphosphine spacer on layer‐by‐layer assembly with anionic conjugated polymers
Authors: Conrad Catherine A , Bedford Monte S , Buelt Ashley A , Galabura Yuriy , Luzinov Igor , Smith Rhett C 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThree phosphonium polyelectrolytes have been prepared wherein the flexibility of the spacer between charge‐bearing phosphonium units was varied from 1,2‐ethyl to 1,4‐phenyl to 1,1′‐ferrocenyl. The influence of inter‐phosphonium spacer flexibility on the ability of the polyelectrolyte to form ordered films via layer‐by‐layer supramolecular assembly with anionic polythiophene and anionic poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) derivatives was also assessed through a combination of UV−visible spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The more flexible ionic polymers were found to be capable of forming thicker films and to maintain growth linearity up to at least 800 bilayers in some cases. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Metformin represses androgen‐dependent and androgen‐independent prostate cancers by targeting androgen receptor
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Gaolei , Tong Dali , Parmar Henna , Hasenmayer Donald , Yuan Wenqiang , Zhang Dianzheng , Jiang Jun 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDMetformin has been reported to inhibit the growth of different types of cancers, including prostate cancer. We were interested to understand if the effect of metformin on prostate cancer is AR‐dependent and, if so, whether metformin could act synergistically with the other anti‐AR agents to serve as a therapeutic regimen with high efficacy and low toxicity.METHODSCell viabilities and apoptosis were determined by MTT assay and annexin V‐FITC staining, respectively, when the two human prostate cancer cell lines, the androgen‐dependent LNCaP and the androgen‐independent 22RV1 were treated with metformin alone or in combination with bicalutamide. Quantitative RT‐PCR and western blotting assays were conducted to examine metformin effects on AR mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were conducted to confirm the recruitment of AR to the ARE(s) located on the promoter region of the AR target gene PSA.RESULTSMetformin treatment reduced cell viability and enhanced apoptosis for both cell lines and additive effects were observed when LNCaP cells were treated with combined metformin and bicalutamide. Metformin down‐regulated full‐length AR protein in LNCaP cells. Both full‐length and the truncated AR (AR‐v7) were down‐regulated by metformin in CWR22Rv1 cells. In both LNCaP and CWR22Rv1 cells, metformin repressed AR signaling pathway not by affecting AR protein degradation/stability, but rather through down‐regulating the levels of AR mRNAs.CONCLUSIONSMetformin represses prostate cancer cell viability and enhances apoptosis by targeting the AR signaling pathway. Combinations of metformin and other anti‐AR agents pose a potentially promising therapeutic approach for treatment of prostate cancers, especially the castrate‐resistant prostate cancer, with high efficacy and low toxicity. Prostate 75: 1187–1196, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
π‐Extended Pentalenes: The Revival of the Old Compound from New Standpoints
Authors: Kawase Takeshi , Nishida Jun‐ichi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPolycyclic conjugated systems bearing carbocyclic five‐membered rings have attracted much attention due to their novel electronic properties and utility in organic electronic devices. Despite possessing a 4nπ electron periphery, dibenzopentalenes have a planar structure and are fairly stable. Thus, appropriate modifications should provide desirable electronic properties. Recently, we have discovered novel Ni‐catalyzed coupling reactions that constitute a versatile new route to dibenzopentalene derivatives from readily available o‐bromoethynylbenzenes. Moreover, we developed another dibenzopentalene synthesis using indenone derivatives as important intermediates. These methods are applicable to π‐extended pentalene derivatives possessing various functional groups and aromatic ring systems. Among them, a dinaphthylpentalene derivative shows a high hole mobility (1.8 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1) for an amorphous material. Furthermore, this is the first pentalene derivative that can be employed as a p‐type material for organic heterojunction photovoltaic cells (PCE = 0.94%, VOC = 0.96 V) and as organic thin‐film semiconductors.
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Accuracy of moose age determinations from canine and incisor cementum annuli
Authors: Boertje Rodney D. , Ellis Martha M. , Kellie Kalin A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTWe sent 76 canines and 77 incisors (I1) from 84 known‐age moose (Alces alces) ≥2 years old sampled from near Fairbanks, Alaska, USA (2003–2011) to Matson's Laboratory (Milltown, MT) to test G. Matson's accuracy rate in estimating moose ages. To estimate ages, G. Matson counted annuli in the cementum of root tips using a Giemsa‐staining technique and assumed a birth date of 1 June. We originally radiocollared moose at 9 months of age, and we extracted teeth upon death. Estimated moose ages averaged 7.0 years using canines and 6.9 using I1 teeth (range = 2–16 year), and known ages of each sample averaged 7.1 years. The accuracy rate among 76 canines was 74% and improved to 95% when ignoring errors within 1 year of the known age; comparative results among 77 I1 teeth were 66% and 94%. By far the most frequent error was a 1‐year underestimate in age, particularly for moose that died in July and August, which included the seasonal transition period associated with completing peripheral annuli formation. After controlling for −1‐year errors associated with the seasonal transition period, we found evidence for errors accumulating with age. We found no significant difference in accuracy based on which tooth was sectioned. However, G. Matson observed more individually distinct annuli and regular deposition patterns in canines, compared with incisors. Thus, we recommend the more easily extracted canine for estimating moose age. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Geographic Variation Immediate and Delayed Breast Reconstruction Utilization in Ontario, Canada and Plastic Surgeon Availability: A Population‐Based Observational Study
Authors: Platt Jennica , Zhong Toni , Moineddin Rahim , Booth Gillian L. , Easson Alexandra M. , Fernandes Kimberly , Gozdyra Peter , Baxter Nancy N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground
Utilization of breast reconstruction (BR) is low in many jurisdictions. We studied the geographical and surgical workforce factors that contribute to access and use of BR using a small area analysis approach with a geographical unit of analysis.Methods
We linked administrative data from Ontario Canada to calculate the age‐standardized rates for immediate BR (IBR) (same time as mastectomy) between 2002 and 2011, and delayed BR (DBR) (within 3 years of mastectomy) for each county. The influence of plastic surgeon access on variation in county rates of BR was examined using Poisson random effects models.Results12,663 women underwent mastectomy in Ontario; 2,948 had BR within 3 years (23.3 %). Over 50 % of the counties had no access to any plastic surgeon. County IBR rates ranged from 0 to 21.5 %; plastic surgeon access explained 46 % of geographic variation (p < 0.0001). IBR rates in counties with very low, low, and moderate access to plastic surgeons were significantly less than counties with high access (relative rate [RR] 0.48 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.35–0.66], RR 0.61 [CI 0.43–0.87] and RR 0.70 [CI 0.52–0.96], respectively) after adjusting for age and county socioeconomic characteristics. For DBR, while there was less geographic variation, very low access counties demonstrated reduced rates (RR 0.60 [CI 0.47–0.76]).InterpretationGeographic access to a plastic surgeon is a major determinant of BR. Targeted interventions for regions without high access to plastic surgeons may improve overall rates and reduce geographic disparities in care, particularly for IBR.
Call for Research on Bystander Intervention to Prevent Sexual Violence: The Role of Campus Environments
Authors: McMahon Sarah 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAn important next step for the field is to determine what setting‐level factors beyond the individual are critical to fostering campus environments that support pro‐social, helpful bystander intervention action to prevent sexual violence. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a research agenda to investigate key areas of the campus environment and their potential influence on bystander intervention. To create the research agenda, a number of steps were followed including: (1) systematically reviewing the larger bystander literature to identify key environmental areas, (2) assessing what research is available specific to college campuses and sexual assault in each of these areas, and (3) outlining future research to address each of these areas on college campuses and determine their applicability to sexual violence situations. Five main groups of factors were found to influence bystander intervention beyond the individual, group and situational levels, including: social norms, sense of community, pro‐social modeling, policies, and the physical environment. Certain areas of research on environmental influences on bystander intervention are more developed such as social norms, with little research on areas such as policies and the physical environment. However, further research is needed in each of the identified five areas to help identify how college campuses can support bystander intervention.
Safety and caregiver satisfaction associated with laparoscopic hysterectomy among young patients with intellectual disability
Authors: Chalermchockcharoenkit Amphan , Sirimai Korakot , Sutchritpongsa Pavit , Leelanapapat Rujirek , Panpanit Ataporn , Ramamurthy Harshita 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety of laparoscopic hysterectomy for young patients with intellectual disability and the postoperative satisfaction levels of their caregivers.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients with intellectual disability who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy at a center in Thailand between January 5, 2004, and August 31, 2010. Information was retrieved about preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics. Caregiver satisfaction levels were assessed 3 months after surgery using a Likert‐type scale.ResultsThe mean age of the 74 included patients was 14.9 ± 4.2 years. The cause of intellectual disability was unknown for 30 patients (41%); 22 (30%) had Down syndrome. Total laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed among 66 (89%) patients. No major operative complications were noted. Overall, 72 (97%) caregivers were extremely satisfied with the surgical outcome; the remaining 2 (3%) reported being very satisfied.ConclusionLaparoscopic hysterectomy was safe and had good outcomes among patients with intellectual disability. This procedure might be a feasible option to induce therapeutic amenorrhea among young patients with intellectual disability, especially in countries with limited resources.
Anatomical characteristics of anal fistula evaluated by three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography: is there a correlation with Goodsall's theory?
Authors: Murad-Regadas Sthela Maria , Dealcanfreitas Iris Daiana , de Oliveira Maura Tarciany Coutinho Cajazeiras , Morano David Pessoa , Regadas Francisco Sérgio P. , Rodrigues Lusmar V. , da Silva Fernandes Graziela Olivia , Regadas Filho Francisco Sérgio P. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Purpose We aimed to correlate the course of the anal fistula tract (T), location of the external opening (EO) and internal opening (IO) in anterior (A) and posterior (P) circumference using 3D-US according to Goodsall's rule.
Methods 151 patients with primary cryptoglandular Transsphincteric fistulas were examined with 3D-US and compared with surgical finding. The type of the T (straight or curved), EO and IO were identified and divided into 3 Groups: GI: EO and IO are located in a position; GII: EO and IO are located in P position and GIII: OE and OI are located in the opposite position. The findings were correlated with Goodsall's rule.
Results 74/151(49%) were included in GI, of them, 41 (55%) were male (33/44% had straight tract and 8/11% curved) and 33 (45%) female (15/20%-straight and 18/25%-curved). GII included 68 (45%), of them, 50 (74%) were male (39/57%-straight and 11/15%-curved) and 18 (26%) female (14/20%-straight and 04/8%-curved). GIII = 9 (6%) and all of them had curved tract. The overall concordance between 3D-US and surgical finding was 98% for tract and 96% for IO.
Conclusion The 3D-US findings correlate with the Goodsall's rule in transsphincteric fistulas located in the anterior circumference straight type, in male, while in females the distribution of curved and straight paths is similar. In the posterior circumference no correlation was observed in both the sexes.
Zonation of the Siberian Ordovician deposits based on pelagic groups of fauna
Authors: Sennikov N.V. , Tolmacheva T.Yu. , Obut O.T. , Izokh N.G. , Lykova E.V. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe summarize data on the biostratigraphic units of the Siberian Ordovician deposits based on pelagic groups of fauna: graptolites, conodonts, and chitinozoans. It is shown that graptolite and conodont zones and beds have a high potential for correlation. We have determined the precise zonal position of most of the lower boundaries of the Ordovician stages and informal Ordovician substages of the International Stratigraphic Chart in the Lower Paleozoic key sections of the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberian Platform, and Altai–Sayan Folded Area.
A Personal Journal Account of the Monrovia Medical Unit in Liberia
Authors: Reed Paul 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOn September 16, 2014, President Obama, speaking from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia, declared the Ebola epidemic in West Africa a national security priority and laid out the US government’s plan for contributing to and helping to lead the international response. There were, and remain, several facets to the US government’s efforts to help control the epidemic, including the commitment to provide a facility and staffing in Liberia that would ensure access to a high level of quality care for any Liberian or international health care workers who may, themselves, become infected and ill with Ebola. That facility came to be known as the Monrovia Medical Unit and is staffed by officers of the US Public Health Service. The following pages are excerpts from the journal I kept during my time at the Monrovia Medical Unit, which I hope will relate some elements of the concerted effort that took place that led to this arm of the US government response being established. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:581–585)
Latitudinal libration driven flows in triaxial ellipsoids
Authors: Vantieghem S. , Cébron D. , Noir J. 
Published: April 2015

Motivated by understanding the liquid core dynamics of tidally deformed planets and moons, we present a study of incompressible flow driven by latitudinal libration within rigid triaxial ellipsoids. We first derive a laminar solution for the inviscid equations of motion under the assumption of uniform vorticity flow. This solution exhibits a resonance if the libration frequency matches the frequency of the spin-over inertial mode. Furthermore, we extend our model by introducing a reduced model of the effect of viscous Ekman layers in the limit of low Ekman number (Noir & Cébron,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 737, 2013, pp. 412–439). This theoretical approach is consistent with the results of Chanet al. (Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., vol. 187, 2011, pp. 404–415) and Zhanget al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 692, 2012, pp. 420–445) for spheroidal geometries. Our results are validated against systematic three-dimensional numerical simulations. In the second part of the paper, we present the first linear stability analysis of this uniform vorticity flow. To this end, we adopt different methods (Lifschitz & Hameiri,Phys. FluidsA, vol. 3, 1991, p. 2644; Gledzer & Ponomarev,Acad. Sci., USSR, Izv., Atmos. Ocean. Phys., vol. 13, 1977, pp. 565–569) that allow us to deduce upper and lower bounds for the growth rate of an instability. Our analysis shows that the uniform vorticity base flow is prone to inertial instabilities caused by a parametric resonance mechanism. This is confirmed by a set of direct numerical simulations. Applying our results to planetary settings, we find that neither a spin-over resonance nor an inertial instability can exist within the liquid core of the Moon, Io and Mercury.
3D Elastostatic Boundary Element Analysis of thin bodies by Integral Regularizations
Authors: Shiah Y.-C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a regularization scheme for the nearly singular integrals used for 3D elastostatic boundary element analysis. For the regularization process, the local projection coordinates of the source point are first located via an iteration procedure. For planar elements, the boundary integrals are analytically integrated by parts to smooth the drastic fluctuations of their integrands so that the regularized forms can be numerically integrated by any conventional schemes in an usual manner. The validity of the formulations is numerically tested using the Gauss Quadrature scheme. The test shows the accuracy is satisfactory for the distance ratio (distance: Element characteristic length) falling below micro-scale. To further demonstrate our successful implementation, a numerical example is studied with verifications compared with ANSYS analysis.