bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-apoA-1 auto-antibodies increase mouse atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, myocardial necrosis and mortality triggering TLR2 and TLR4
Authors: Braunersreuther Vincent , Burger Fabienne , Lenglet Sébastien , Pelli Graziano , Carbone Federico , Fraga-Silva Rodrigo , Stergiopulos Nikolaos , Monaco Claudia , Mueller Christian , Pagano Sabrina , Dallegri Franco , Mach François , Vuilleumier Nicolas , Montecucco Fabrizio 
Published: April 2015

SummaryAuto-antibodies to apolipoprotein A-1 (anti-apoA-1 IgG) were shown to promote inflammation and atherogenesis, possibly through innate immune receptors signalling. Here, we aimed at investigating the role of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 on anti-apoA-1 IgG-induced athero-sclerotic plaque vulnerability, myocardial necrosis and mortality in mice. Adult male apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE)-/- (n=72), TLR2-/-ApoE-/- (n=36) and TLR4-/-Apo-/- (n=28) mice were intravenously injected with 50 µg/mouse of endotoxin-free polyclonal anti-apoA-1 IgG or control isotype IgG (CTL IgG) every two weeks for 16 weeks. Atherosclerotic plaque size and vulnerability were assessed by histology. Myocardial ischaemia and necrosis, respectively, were determined by electrocardiographic (ECG) changes assessed by telemetry and serum troponin I (cTnI) measurements. Impact on survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analyses. In ApoE-/- mice, anti-apoA-1 IgG passive immunisation enhanced histological features of athero-sclerotic plaque vulnerability (increase in neutrophil and MMP-9 and reduction in collagen content), induced a substantial cTnI elevation (p=0.001), and increased mortality rate by 23 % (LogRank, p=0.04) when compared to CTL IgG. On a subgroup of ApoE-/- mice equipped with telemetry (n=4), a significant ST-segment depression was noted in anti-apoA-1 IgG-treated mice when compared to CTL IgG recipients (p< 0.001), and an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction preceding mouse death was observed in one case. The deleterious effects of anti-apoA-1 IgG on atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, myocardial necrosis and death were partially reversed in TLR2-/-ApoE-/- and TLR4-/-ApoE-/- backgrounds. In conclusion, anti-apoA-1 auto-antibodies seem to be active mediators of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, myocardial necrosis, and mortality in mice through TLR2- and TLR4-mediated pathways.
Advocacia sanitária, cidadania e participação social: análise, histórico e conquistas da Associação dos Portadores de Hepatite do Acre
Authors: Rocha Danúzia Da Silva , Zioni Fabíola , Caetano Ana Cássia Andrade 
Published: April 2015

<p>Este artigo relata a trajetória desde a fundação, passando pela consolidação até as conquistas da primeira organização não governamental criada por portadores de hepatites no Brasil. Trata-se de um relato de experiência, que objetivou descrever a luta dos portadores de hepatites crônicas do Estado do Acre pelo tratamento de saúde de que necessitavam. O Acre é o estado do Brasil com maior número de casos de portadores de hepatites. Devido a essa magnitude, fez-se necessário o ativismo dos portadores da doença, em busca de melhorias na assistência à saúde e de acesso ao tratamento gratuito. Para o alcance da assistência integral à saúde, conforme preconizado pela legislação, os ativistas valeram-se de vários artifícios, como o apelo ao poder público, a mobilização social, a mídia e ações judiciais. Assim, os portadores, organizados na forma de ONG, se empoderaram e, na busca pela efetivação de direitos constitucionalmente instituídos (mas, na prática, negados), exerceram ações de cidadania e advocacia sanitária.</p>
A pulverização aérea de agrotóxicos no Brasil: cenário atual e desafios
Authors: Ferreira Maria Leonor Paes Cavalcanti 
Published: April 2015

<p>Este artigo objetiva discutir os riscos decorrentes da pulverização aérea de agrotóxicos, fazendo uma análise, ainda, de considerações sobre a nomenclatura desse tipo de produto e de sua contribuição para a configuração e o agravamento de uma sociedade de risco. Apresenta a legislação brasileira pertinente, propondo, em decorrência do princípio da prevenção, a necessidade urgente de proibir a modalidade de aplicação de agrotóxicos por meio de pulverização aérea.</p>
Tempo e direito na construção da saúde
Authors: Schwartz Germano André Doerdelein 
Published: April 2015

<p>De acordo com as tendências atuais da dogmática constitucionalista brasileira, a saúde, no direito, resta centralizada nas discussões de eficácia da norma e de suas consequências interpretativas no interior do sistema jurídico. O propósito deste estudo é o de verificar as relações entre tempo e direito na construção da saúde. Assim, seu foco está relacionado à forma pela qual o direito pretende controlar o tempo, especificamente na questão sanitária. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada está alicerçada e repousa no funcionalismo estrutural de Niklas Luhmann, na vertente autopoiética de sua teoria dos sistemas sociais autopoiéticos. Os resultados demonstram que o sistema jurídico atua de forma paradoxal em relação à saúde, seja procurando dirigir-se ao futuro, seja prendendo-se ao passado para, no presente, construir uma descrição sociojurídica das comunicações sanitárias.</p>
Are CMIP5 Models Better than CMIP3 Models in Simulating Precipitation over East Asia?
Authors: Kusunoki Shoji , Arakawa Osamu 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The performance of climate models participating in phases 5 and 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP3, respectively) is evaluated and compared with respect to precipitation over East Asia (20°–50°N, 110°–150°E). The target period covers the 20 years from 1981 through 2000. The CMIP5 and CMIP3 models underestimate precipitation amounts over East Asia in the warmer season (May–September), while they overestimate precipitation amounts in the colder season (October–April). Both sets of models have some difficulty in simulating the seasonal march of the rainy season over China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan, and they also underestimate the precipitation intensity over East Asia. Nevertheless, the CMIP5 models show a higher reproducibility of precipitation over East Asia than the CMIP3 models with respect to the geographical distribution of precipitation throughout the year, seasonal march of the rainy season, and extreme precipitation events. Models with a higher reproducibility of annual precipitation tend to show a higher reproducibility of precipitation intensity for both the CMIP5 and CMIP3 models. Correlation analysis using all of the CMIP5 and CMIP3 models reveals that models with higher horizontal resolution tend to perform better than those with a lower resolution. The advantage of the CMIP5 models over the CMIP3 models in the simulation of the East Asian climate can be partly attributed to the improved representation of the west Pacific subtropical high in the CMIP5 models, especially during the summer.
Low-Frequency Variability of Monsoon-Driven Circulation with Application to the South China Sea
Authors: Yang Haiyuan , Wu Lixin , Shantong Sun , Zhaohui Chen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe interannual variability of the upper-ocean circulation forced by seasonally varying monsoonal wind is investigated in a two-layer quasigeostrophic (QG) model, with the aim to understand the low-frequency variability of the South China Sea (SCS) circulation. It is demonstrated that the seasonally varying monsoonal wind can force the upper-ocean circulation with significant internal variability, which is mainly associated with the intrinsic nonlinear dynamics of the summer double-gyre system. This arises from the fact that the intrinsic variability, characterized by the Rossby wave adjustment in the winter single-gyre system, is much weaker than that in the summer double-gyre system driven by the intergyre eddy potential vorticity flux through barotropic instability.
Electrospun zinc oxide/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous membranes: in vitro and wear trial evaluation of antimicrobial activity
Authors: Lee Kyung , Lee Seungsin 
Published: April 2015

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of ZnO/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibrous membranes by in vitro trials and to investigate the effectiveness and sustainability in the reduction of bacteria by conducting wear trials in real-use situations. Layered fabric systems with a very thin layer of a ZnO/PVA nanofibrous membrane layered onto polypropylene nonwoven substrates were developed and applied to shoe insoles. Eight healthy males participated in seven different wear trials in which they played a basketball game for 2 hours wearing the prototype. In the in vitro testing, ZnO/PVA nanofibrous membranes obtained from an 11 wt% PVA solution containing 3 wt% ZnO nanoparticles with a web area density of 3.0 g/m2 exhibited a 99.9% reduction of Staphylococcus aureus. In the wear trials, the shoe insoles with ZnO/PVA nanofibrous membranes obtained from the same concentration solution at a web area density of 6.0 g/m2 showed 80.9%, 84.8%, and 82.8% reductions of Staphylococcus aureus after 8, 15, and 22 days of use, respectively. In addition, another set of shoe insoles was kept at a constant temperature and humidity level after the third wear trial and resulted in 66.0% and 86.6% reductions of Staphylococcus aureus after 15 and 22 days, respectively. Although the wear trial results showed lower antimicrobial properties compared to the in vitro trials, our findings indicate that the shoe insoles showed a consistent and reasonable level of antimicrobial activity over a period of time. This suggests that ZnO/PVA nanofibrous membranes with an antimicrobial function, which are ultrathin, flexible, and highly porous, have potential for use in sports/outdoor textiles.
Posterior Instability of the Shoulder
Authors: DeLong Jeffrey M. , Jiang Kevin , Bradley James P. 
Published: April 2015

Background: To date, there are no reports in the literature of a systematic review and meta-analysis for posterior instability of the shoulder. Purpose: The primary objective was to systematically capture, critically evaluate, and perform a meta-analysis of all available literature on arthroscopic clinical outcomes to provide insight and clinical recommendations for unilateral posterior shoulder instability. The secondary objective was to use the same means to assess clinical outcome literature for open treatment, of which a subset of highly reported outcome measures were used to determine superiority of arthroscopic versus open procedures for unilateral posterior shoulder. Study Design: Systematic review, meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic search to obtain every available, published, level of evidence study reporting patient data for unidirectional posterior shoulder instability was performed by use of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed/Medline database, manual searches of high impact factor journals and conference proceedings, and secondary references appraised for studies meeting inclusion criteria. Results: The systematic search captured a total of 1035 publications. After initial exclusion criteria were applied, 607 abstracts were assessed for eligibility. Full-text articles were obtained for 324 articles, and a total of 53 unique publications (27 arthroscopic studies, 26 open studies) reporting clinical outcomes for unidirectional posterior shoulder instability met inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: Well-defined and uniform shoulder outcome measures to assess posterior shoulder instability are lacking throughout the literature. However, arthroscopic procedures are shown to be an effective and reliable treatment for unidirectional posterior glenohumeral instability with respect to outcome scores, patient satisfaction, and return to play. Despite similar results of outcome measures to the overall athletic population, throwing athletes are less likely to return to their preinjury levels of sport compared with contact athletes or the overall athletic population. Evidence also indicates that arthroscopic stabilization procedures using suture anchors result in fewer recurrences and revisions than anchorless repairs in young adults engaging in highly demanding physical activity. Furthermore, the literature suggests that patients treated arthroscopically have superior outcomes compared with patients who undergo open procedures with respect to stability, recurrence of instability, patient satisfaction, return to sport, and return to previous level of play.
A Scoping Review of Treatments for Older Adults with Substance Use Problems
Authors: Mowbray Orion , Quinn Adam 
Published: April 2015

Objectives: To identify effective treatment services for older, substance-using adults, an examination of the evidence associated with interventions for this group is presented. Methods: Using explicit, validated criteria to identify effective interventions, 22 publications were included in a review and were subject to a critical appraisal of study methodology. Results: The review identified four types of substance use treatment service settings for older adults, with mixed efficacy. These settings included (1) primary care settings or health clinics, (2) combined individual and group-based settings, (3) individual-based treatment settings, and (4) multiple treatment/multisite settings. Conclusion: Analyses of these publications revealed primary care settings or health clinic settings offered the most evidence of effective interventions, with noticeable gaps in research on interventions within other settings. Implications for social work practice and research are discussed.
IgA Cutaneous Purpura Post–Renal Transplantation in a Patient With Long-Standing IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Sotoodian Bahman , Robert Janet , Mahmood Muhammad N. , Yacyshyn Elaine 
Published: April 2015

Background: IgA vasculitis is a small-vessel vasculitis caused by deposition of IgA antibodies in tissues. IgA nephropathy and IgAV have long been considered related conditions. Objective: To assess the prevalence and implications of new-onset Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) after renal transplant in patients with underlying IgA nephropathy. Methods: The PubMed database was searched for keywords such as IgAV, IgA vasculitis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, HSP, IgA nephropathy, and renal transplant. Results: Two cases of new-onset IgA vasculitis post–renal transplant after stopping the prednisone or receiving seasonal influenza vaccine have been reported. We report the case of new-onset IgA cutaneous vasculitis in a renal transplant patient with IgA nephropathy after reduction in his prednisone dosage. Conclusion: The new development of cutaneous IgA vasculitis is unusual in renal transplant patients with IgA nephropathy. Despite these patients’ being immunosuppressed, the presence of IgA vasculitis could signal the recurrence of IgA nephropathy.
Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the McCabe Cold Sensitivity Severity scale (CSS) and Potential Work Exposure scale (PWES) to Norwegian
Authors: Vaksvik T 
Published: April 2015

Introduction The McCabe Cold Sensitivity Severity scale (CSS) is one of the most used questionnaires for measuring cold sensitivity in patients with hand injuries. The Potential Work Exposure scale (PWES) measures cold exposure at work. Good reliability and validity have been reported for the Swedish translations. No version in the Norwegian language has been available. Methods The CSS and PWES were translated forward and backward, and then tested for content validity in patients with hand injuries ( n = 23 and 12, respectively). We categorised the CSS scores (0–400) into five severity levels, from none to extreme cold hypersensitivity, and asked each patient how the categories matched their perceived cold hypersensitivity levels. Results Good content validity was confirmed for the Norwegian version of the CSS to assess cold sensitivity in patients with hand injuries. Preliminary findings support the categorisation of scores into five severity levels. Conclusions The Norwegian CSS is an appropriate instrument to assess cold sensitivity after hand injury.
Types of vicarious learning experienced by pre-dialysis patients
Authors: McCarthy Kate , Sturt Jackie , Adams Ann 
Published: April 2015

Objective: Haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis renal replacement treatment options are in clinical equipoise, although the cost of haemodialysis to the National Health Service is £16,411/patient/year greater than peritoneal dialysis. Treatment decision-making takes place during the pre-dialysis year when estimated glomerular filtration rate drops to between 15 and 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Renal disease can be familial, and the majority of patients have considerable health service experience when they approach these treatment decisions. Factors affecting patient treatment decisions are currently unknown. The objective of this article is to explore data from a wider study in specific relation to the types of vicarious learning experiences reported by pre-dialysis patients. Methods: A qualitative study utilised unstructured interviews and grounded theory analysis during the participant’s pre-dialysis year. The interview cohort comprised 20 pre-dialysis participants between 24 and 80 years of age. Grounded theory design entailed thematic sampling and analysis, scrutinised by secondary coding and checked with participants. Participants were recruited from routine renal clinics at two local hospitals when their estimated glomerular filtration rate was between 15 and 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results: Vicarious learning that contributed to treatment decision-making fell into three main categories: planned vicarious leaning, unplanned vicarious learning and historical vicarious experiences. Conclusion: Exploration and acknowledgement of service users’ prior vicarious learning, by healthcare professionals, is important in understanding its potential influences on individuals’ treatment decision-making. This will enable healthcare professionals to challenge heuristic decisions based on limited information and to encourage analytic thought processes.
What evidence exists for changes in the occurrence, frequency or severity of human health impacts resulting from exposure to alien invasive species in Europe? A systematic map protocol
Authors: Bayliss Helen R , Schindler Stefan , Essl Franz , Rabitsch Wolfgang , Pullin Andrew S 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background
Invasive alien species are of global concern due to their impacts on biodiversity, related ecosystem services and on economy. A number of invasive alien species are also responsible for human health impacts, either as carriers (vectors) of pathogens, as causal agents of toxic or allergic reactions (e.g. to pollen or insect stings) or injuries. However, there has been relatively little attention given to these human health effects in invasion ecology literature, with no attempts to systematically identify and quantify evidence of impacts. It is likely that further invasive alien species will benefit from global change as some invasive traits provide high plasticity and therefore support adaptation capacities to cope with changing conditions. Thus, global change may lead to new public health concerns as invasive alien species expand their range or enter new areas, or may alter the severity of health impacts by changing the physiology or quantity of potential allergens or irritants produced. This mapping review aims at identifying any evidence for changes in the occurrence, frequency or severity of human health impacts resulting from exposure to invasive alien species in Europe over the last 25 years.

Methods/Design
A systematic search of both ecological and medical literature will be used to identify potentially relevant studies using three a priori inclusion criteria, i.e. (i) affected human population in Europe, (ii) exposure to alien species, (iii) change in health impact. Studies will be assessed against inclusion criteria at title, abstract and full text to determine relevance to the mapping review. Studies deemed relevant will be coded using predetermined categories relating to the review inclusion criteria and study design, and recorded in a searchable database. Depending on the information available, studies may also be geo-referenced to create a geographic map of the evidence. Descriptive statistics will be used to explore key trends in the evidence base. The searchable database of studies and their main characteristics will be made available with the final report. It is intended that this systematic map will be useful in informing decision making related to the future human health impacts of invasive alien species in Europe.
The Src kinase Fyn is protective in acute chemical-induced colitis and promotes recovery from disease
Authors: Lopes Fernando , Wang Arthur , Smyth David , Reyes Jose-Luis , Doering Axinia , Schenck L Patrick , Beck Paul , Waterhouse Christopher , McKay Derek M 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Despite progress in understanding enteric inflammation, current therapies, although effective in many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), have significant side-effects, and, in many patients, it is refractory to treatment. The Src kinase Fyn mediated IFN-γ-induced increased permeability in model epithelia, and so we hypothesized that inhibition of Fyn kinase would be anti-colitic. Mice [B6.129SF2/J wild-type (WT), Fyn KO, or chimeras] received 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) or normal water for 10 d and were necropsied immediately or 3 d later. Gut permeability was assessed by FITC-dextran flux, colitis by macroscopic and histologic parameters, and immune cell status by cytokine production and CD4+ T cell Foxp3 expression. Fyn KO mice consistently displayed significantly worse DSS-induced disease than WT, correlating with decreased IL-10 and increased IL-17 in splenocytes and the gut; Fyn KO mice failed to thrive after removal of the DSS water. Analysis of chimeric mice indicated that the increased sensitivity to DSS was due to the lack of Fyn kinase in hematopoietic, but not stromal, cells, in accordance with Fyn+ T cell increases in WT mice exposed to DSS and Fyn KO mice having a reduced number of CD4+Foxp3+ cells in baseline or colitic conditions and a reduced capacity to induce Foxp3 expression in vitro. Other experiments suggest that the colonic microbiota in Fyn KO mice is not preferentially colitogenic. Contrary to our expectation, the absence of Fyn kinase resulted in greater DSS-induced disease, and analysis of chimeric mice indicated that leukocyte Fyn kinase is beneficial in limiting colitis.
Regulation of inflammation by cannabinoids, the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol and arachidonoyl-ethanolamide, and their metabolites
Authors: Turcotte Caroline , Chouinard Francois , Lefebvre Julie S , Flamand Nicolas 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
2-Arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) and arachidonyl-ethanolamide (AEA) are endocannabinoids that have been implicated in many physiologic disorders, including obesity, metabolic syndromes, hepatic diseases, pain, neurologic disorders, and inflammation. Their immunomodulatory effects are numerous and are not always mediated by cannabinoid receptors, reflecting the presence of an arachidonic acid (AA) molecule in their structure, the latter being the precursor of numerous bioactive lipids that are pro- or anti-inflammatory. 2-AG and AEA can thus serve as a source of AA but can also be metabolized by most eicosanoid biosynthetic enzymes, yielding additional lipids. In this regard, enhancing endocannabinoid levels by using endocannabinoid hydrolysis inhibitors is likely to augment the levels of these lipids that could regulate inflammatory cell functions. This review summarizes the metabolic pathways involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of AEA and 2-AG, as well as the biologic effects of the 2-AG and AEA lipidomes in the regulation of inflammation.