bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Method for Determining Mineralogy and Matrix Properties From Elemental Chemistry Measured by Gamma Ray Spectroscopy Logging Tools
Authors: Freedman R.. , Herron S.. , Anand V.. , Herron M.. , May D.. , Rose D.. 
Published: October 2015

Summary
Methods for predicting mineralogy from logging-tool measurements have been an active area of research for several decades. In spite of these efforts, methods for predicting quantitative mineralogy including clay types from well-logging data were not fully achieved. The introduction of geochemical logging tools in the 1980s offered promise; however, early versions of geochemical logging tools did not measure elemental chemistry with enough accuracy and precision to enable reliable and quantitative determination of mineralogy. Recent advances in geochemical-logging-tool technology now enable accurate and robust measurements of the chemical elemental concentrations that are needed to determine continuous quantitative and detailed logs of mineralogy.
This paper presents a novel approach for determining more accurate and more detailed mineralogy from an elemental spectroscopy logging tool. This work was made possible by three recent developments: the introduction of a new neutron-induced gamma ray spectroscopy logging tool, a new research database consisting of chemistry and mineralogy measured on cores acquired worldwide from conventional and unconventional reservoirs, and a new model-independent inversion method that overcomes the limitations of previous model-dependent methods.
The model-independent inversion makes use of the database that includes clean sands, shaly sands, shales, carbonates, and complex mixed lithologies. The database contains laboratory measurements of dry-weight elemental chemistry and mineralogy measured by transmission Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The database is used to derive a model-independent mapping function that accurately represents the complex functional relationship between the elemental concentrations and the mineral concentrations. After the mapping function is determined from the database, one can use it to predict quantitative mineralogy from elemental concentrations derived from the logging-tool measurements. Unlike previous inversion methods, the model-independent mapping function does not have any adjustable parameters or require any user inputs such as mineral properties or endpoints.
The mapping function is used to predict continuous logs of matrix densities plus concentrations of 14 minerals (i.e., illite, smectite, kaolinite, chlorite, quartz, calcite, dolomite, ankerite, plagioclase, orthoclase, mica, pyrite, siderite, and anhydrite) from eight dry-weight elemental concentrations derived from the logging tool. The new method was applied to well-log data acquired worldwide in numerous conventional and unconventional reservoirs with a wide variety of complex mineralogies. The predicted mineralogies and matrix densities are generally found to be consistent with core-derived mineralogies and matrix densities.
Serum Level of the Adipokine â€œVaspinâ€ in Relation to Metabolic Parameters: Short â€“ Term Effect of Specific Dietary Therapy
Authors: Moaty Maha I. A. , El Shebini Salwa M. , Ahmed Nihad H. , Hussein Ahmed M.S. , Mohamed Magda S. , Tapozada Salwa T. , Hanna Laila M. 
Published: October 2015

AIM: To investigate the association between the circulating vaspin concentration and both of glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients, and also to evaluate the metabolic impact of two different dietary therapies on such conditions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Â Fifty eight obese female volunteers suffering from MetS, followed a specially designed dietary therapy consists of a low caloric balanced diet, accompanied by either 30% doum biscuits (group A), or whole wheat biscuits (group B) for four weeks (phase 1). During the next four weeks, they were continued on the hypocaloric diet alone (phase 2).RESULTS: The health effects of two dietary therapies were more prominent in improving the biochemical markers of the MetS than in the body weight reduction. The lower levels of serum vaspin were significantly increased at the end of the 1st phase in both groups especially group (A). Sustained negative correlations were detected between vaspin level and both of C-peptide and insulin resistance expressed as modified homeostatic model assessment (M.HOMA).CONCLUSION: The effect of the dietary supplements may play a role in alleviating the impact of the components of the MetS and may also sustain the level of the vaspin in the sensitization of the C-peptide in order to attain glucose homeostasis.
Comparison of Three Protocols: Dietary Therapy and Physical Activity, Acupuncture, or Laser Acupuncture in Management of Obese Females
Authors: Hassan Nayera E , El-Masry Sahar A , Elshebini Salwa M , Al-Tohamy Muhamed , Ahmed Nihad H , Abdel Rasheed Enas , El-Saeed Gamila SM , Hassan Nagwa M , Zikri Emad N , El Hussieny Mohamed S 
Published: October 2015

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare efficiency of three types of obesity management protocols: dietary measures and physical activity; acupuncture or laser acupuncture withÂ Â healthy diet among obese females.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Randomized longitudinal prospective study, carried out on 76 adult females. Blood pressure, anthropometric, ultrasonographic and biochemical assessments were done.RESULTS: Females undergo nutritional intervention showed highly significant improvement in the anthropometric measurements, visceral fat at umbilicus by US and diastolic blood pressure (decreased), and insignificant differences in fasting blood sugar and lipid profile. Female undergo acupuncture intervention showed highly significant improvement in visceral fat by US, lipid profile (decreased triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL, and increased HDL), and decreased fasting blood sugar, and insignificant differences in the anthropometric measurements. Those undergo laser intervention showed highly significant improvement in all anthropometric measurements under study, visceral fat at umbilicus by US, blood pressure and some parameters of lipid profile (decreased total cholesterol and LDL). CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional intervention alone could be used to reduce weight if the lipid profile within normal range, but if it is impaired, acupuncture should be used beside. To strength the reduction in body anthropometry, laser intervention was recommended beside the nutritional intervention.
Rehabilitation of Movement Disorders and Psychomotor Deficiency in Schizophrenia Residual Type
Authors: IlankoviÄ‡ Andrej N. , IlankoviÄ‡ Vera , IlankoviÄ‡ Nikola N. 
Published: October 2015

Movement disorders and psychomotor deficiency is highly represented among patients in Schizophrenia â€“ residual type.Our therapeutic work and the results we are herewith presenting, reveal that the psychomotor deficiency by Schizophrenia residual conditions represent new and significant indication fields for specific rehabilitation treatment in psychiatry.Evaluation of efficacy after 6 weeks specific rehabilitation treatment with the Vilan method showed: very satisfactory results in correction of involuntary movements of the torso,Â Â bradykinesia of the hands,Â praxiaÂ and the simple simultaneous movements; satisfactory correction of involuntary movements of the extremities, walkingÂ andÂ the facial gestures. No correction was in: involuntary movement of mouth and face, tremor, ideation, ideoâ€‘motor series and in complex simultaneous movement.
Risk Factors for Relapse and Mortality of Clostridium Difficile-Associated Diarrhea
Authors: Arsic Bogdan , Pavlovic Momcilo , Berenji Karolina 
Published: October 2015

AIM: The aim of the present paper was to identify prognostic factors for relapse and mortality in patients with hospital-acquired infections caused by Clostridium difficile.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 133 patients with healthcare facility-associated disease caused by C. difficile. The medical records of all patients with their clinical history and laboratory data were analyzed.RESULTS: Patients with one onset of disease were 105 (78.9%), 28 (21.1%) experienced a relapse and seven (5.2%) patients not survived infection. The average age in our patients was over 65 years (64.5 years in the survived patients and 78.8 in patient who died, p = 0.01). All of patients had received antibiotic treatment (cephalosporins â€“ 83.4%, aminoglycosides â€“ 21.5% and penicillins â€“ 20.3%) and 40.6% of patients received acid-reducing therapy. There was no difference between patients with one onset of disease/patients with relaps; and survived/died in number of administered antibiotics, duration of administration, administration of acid-reducing treatment or length of hospital stay (p > 0.05). CRP levels were significantly higher in the group of patients who died compared with recovered (p < 0.001).Â CONCLUSION:Â C. difficile-associated diarrhea is a common nosocomial disease with high relapse, and significant mortality rate particularly in the elderly.
Apitherapy Have a Role in Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Helal Suzette I. , Hegazi Ahmad , Al-Menabbawy Khaled 
Published: October 2015

AIM: Multiple sclerosisÂ (MS) is an inflammatory disease in which the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord are damaged. We Study the effect of Apitherapy in treatment of MS.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty patients with MS, their ages ranged between 26-71 years, were subjected to complete clinical and neurological history and examination to confirm the diagnosis. All cases were under their regular treatment they were divided into two main groups, Group I received honey, pollen, royal jelly and propolis and were treated with apiacupuncture 3 times weekly, for 12 months, in addition to their medical treatment, while group II remains on their ordinary medical treatment only. Apiacupuncture was done by bee stings for regulating the immune system.RESULTS: Results revealed that 4 patients showed some improvement regarding their defects in gait, bowel control, constipation and urination, while 12 cases, showed some mild improvement in their movement in bed, and better improvement in bed sores, sensation, and better motor power, only two cases of them were able to stand for few minutes with support.CONCLUSION:Â Although Apitherapy is not a curable therapy in MS, but it can be used to minimize the clinical symptoms of MS, and can be included among programs of MS therapy.
Toxicity, Deficiency and Dysmetabolism of Trace Elements in Ghanaian Clinically Stable Schizophrenics
Authors: Asare George A. , Tetteh Ruth , Amedonu Elsie , Asiedu Bernice , Doku Derek 
Published: October 2015

AIM: The purpose of the study was to determine the levels of Copper (Cu), selenium (Se), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and Lithium (Li) in patients in Accra and Pantang Psychiatric Hospitals in Ghana since no data exist.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Simple random sampling of age-matched subjects was used to recruit 81 schizophrenics and 25 mentally healthy controls in 2012. Serum levels of Cu, Se, Zn, Pb and Li were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS).Â RESULTS: Mean levels were as follows: Cut 766 Â± 250 Âµg/L and Cuc 855 Â± 270 Âµg/L (p = 0.168). Set 149 Â± 72 Âµg/L and Sec 108 Â± 61 Âµg/L (p=0.009). Znt 702 Â± 438 Âµg/L and Znc 1007 Â± 593 Âµg/L (p = 0.028). Pbt 1.38 Â± 0.05 Âµg/L and Pbc 0.10 Â± 0.05 Âµg/L (p = 0.000). Li levels for the test group (Lit) was 4077 Â± 2567 Âµg/L, whiles that of the controls was undetectable < 0.02 Âµg/L. Se, Pb and Li levels were significantly higher in schizophrenic patients compared to controls. While Zn and Cu levels were lower in the same group.CONCLUSION: Trace elements dysmetabolism exist among Ghanaian schizophrenics and monitoring is essential to avoid the adverse effects of metal overload or deficiency.
Preventing Interpersonal Violence in Europe
Authors: Sethi Dinesh , Jordanova Peshevska Dimitrinka 
Published: October 2015

AIM: To describe the burden of interpersonal violence, risk factors and discuss the need for evidence based action to reduce the public health threat of interpersonal violence.METHODS: Global Health Estimates data were used to describe the mortality and meta-analyses from previous reports were used to describe the prevalence of the different types of interpersonal violence and to discuss the options for evidence informed prevention programmes.Â RESULTS: In the 53 countries of the WHO European Region, violence kills about 160,000 people each year, and of these around 31,000 die from interpersonal violence, 123,000 from self-inflicted violence and 2,000 from war. Deaths are just the tip of the iceberg and for every death there are numerous admissions to hospital and emergency departments. Interpersonal violence is thought to be one of the most frequently experienced yet commonly overlooked forms of violence. Based upon data from meta-analyses of population surveys in Europe: the prevalence in children under 18 years of sexual abuse is 9.6% (13.4% in girls and 5.7% in boys); physical abuse is 22.9% and 29.1% for emotional abuse; the prevalence of intimate partner violence (physical and or sexual violence) is 19.3% in high-income countries and 25.6% in low- and middle-income countries, suggesting that about 49 million women aged 14-49 years have been abused. Surveys of older people over 60 years, suggest that the past year prevalence of physical abuse is 2.7%, sexual abuse 0.7%, emotional abuse 19.% and financial abuse 3.8%, suggesting the numbers experiencing elder maltreatment in Europe run into the tens of millionsCONCLUSION: Community surveys can play an important role to better understand the scale and risk factors of different types of interpersonal violence. Readers are called upon to support a coordinated public health response to prevent this societal and health threat.
Prevalence of Elder Abuse and Neglect: Findings from First Macedonian Study
Authors: Jordanova Peshevska Dimitrinka , Markovik Marijana , Sethi Dinesh , Serafimovska Eleonora , Jordanova Tamara 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVES: One of the study objectives was to explore the prevalence of elder abuse and neglect in the country.METHOD: Total of 960 respondents aged 65 years and above (44.7% of male and 55.3%) in private households, from all eight statistical regions participated in the study. Respondents were sampled through three staged national representative sampling procedure. Data were collected using a cognitively validated questionnaire for investigating elder abuse and neglect (psychological abuse, physical abuse,Â physical injury; financial abuse; sexual abuse and neglect) and Geriatric Depression Scale. The MMSE test was used as a pre-selection method. Statistical significance was set up at p < 0.05.RESULTS: Three hundred seven (32.0%) respondents reported experience of any type of abuse and neglect.Â A single form of abuse was reported by 56.4% of participants, and two types of abuse by 27.4% of participants reporting abuse. Data showed that psychological abuse was the most prevalent form of abuse (25.7%), followed by financial abuse (12.0%), physical abuse (5.7%), physical injury (3.1%) and sexual abuse, and reported only by females (1.3%). Some type of neglect was reported by 6.5% of respondents.CONCLUSIONS: Defining the phenomenon of elder abuse and neglect in the context of our country can facilitate support of abused older people and, most importantly, may help develop policy and programmes based on evidence-based practices, targeting prevention and response.
Relationship between Child Maltreatment and Alcohol Abuse - Findings from Adverse Childhood Experience Study in Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Filov Izabela , Raleva Marija , Jordanova Peshevska Dimitrinka , Sethi Dinesh , Ristevska-DimitrÐ¾vska Gordana , Hazdi Hamza Kadri , Poprizova Ana 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between of the problem of alcohol abuse and child maltreatment.Â METHOD: The ACE study was administered by the University Clinic of Psychiatry, Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. The ACE study used a representative sample of students in year four of secondary school (aged 18 and above) and first- and second-year university students. The sample consisted of 664 secondary school students (258 males and 406 females.The university student sample consisted of 613 (343 female and 270 male) students from four universities. The data were obtaining by applying ACE Study Questionnaires.RESULTS: Individuals who experience psychological abuse are more prone to develop alcoholism. One of the most serious risk factors for abuse and neglect of children was alcoholism, as a form of household dysfunction. Overall, 13.4% of students lived with someone who misused alcohol. Overall, 10.7% lived with someone who was alcoholic. The association to each ACE was highest among respondents who grew up with two alcohol-abusing parents compared with persons with no alcohol-abusing parents. The health-risk behaviours of most concern included among the others alcohol use (by 82.2% of students). Alcohol use is widespread among students and its prevalence rate is almost 28% by both sexes, and they start drinking at the age of 14â€“15.CONCLUSION: Among the most frequent household dysfunctions was alcohol use by a family member and about 82% of respondents had ever used alcohol.
Immunological Evaluation of Formulated Drugs against Typhoid
Authors: Haque Syed S. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVES: Typhoid fever an important causes of illness and death, particularly among children and adolescents in south-central and Southeast Asia, where enteric fever is associated with poor sanitation and unsafe food and water. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) plays an important role for the survival of the host in experimental salmonellosis. Nitric oxide (NO) is the one of the product of macrophages activated by cytokines, microbial compounds or both, is derived from the amino acid L-arginine by the enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS or NOS2) which acts as antimicrobial molecule.AIM: The aim was to examine the induction of DTH reaction in the animals treated with L-Arginine, ciprofloxacin and their combination followed by immunization with S. typhimurium cell lysate Â as assessed by the footpad swelling test.RESULTS: The results of the present study showed that the induction of DTH reaction in the animals treated with L-Arginine, ciprofloxacin and their combination followed by immunization with S. typhimurium cell lysate using an antigen revealed that the treatment with combination increased foot pad swelling significantly as compared to saline treated control animals at 48 hour which was followed by a decrease of the swelling at 72 hour.CONCLUSIONS: Animal treated with L-arginine, ciprofloxacin and their combination showed increased cell mediated immune responses as evident by DTH response whereas groups (B+S) shows decreases CMI responses.
Kaempferol Attenuates the Development of Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Mice: Possible Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Mechanisms
Authors: Abo-Salem Osama M. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is one of the most difficult types of pain to treat.Â Many studies emphasized on the role of microglial cells, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory cytokines (IC) in the development of diabetic neuropathy (DN).AIM: Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of kaempferol in attenuation of DN in mice.Â METHODS: Diabetes was induced in mice by i.p. injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (200 mg/kg). Cold allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia and chemical hyperalgesia were assessed, as well as markers of inflammation and OS.RESULTS: Diabetic mice (DM) showed an increased pain sensation, IC and OS accompanied with reduced body weigh gain. Treatment of DM with kaempferol (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day/orally) attenuated the development of DN and reduced pain sensation. Moreover, it reduced interleukin-1Î² (IL-1Î²), tumor necrosis factor-Î± (TNF-Î±), lipid peroxidation and nitrite, concomitant with the improvement of antioxidant defense and body weight gain. In contrast, kaempferol (100 mg/kg) had no effects on the behavioral and biochemical parameters. Our results strongly suggest that activated microglia, IC and OS are involved in the development of DN.CONCLUSIONS: Kaempferol attenuates the development of DNP in mice probably by inhibition of neuroimmune activation of microglia and, partly mediated by reducing IC and OS.
Effect of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Control on Myocardial Contractile Function in Rats
Authors: Alsawy Bassem M. , El-Damarawi Magdi A. 
Published: October 2015

AIM: This work was done to study the effect of both types of diabetes mellitus (DM) on myocardial contractility in rats. Also, we investigated the role of treatment of DM with insulin and rosiglitazone (used as treatment for type 1 and type 2 DM respectively) in improvement of myocardial dysfunction in diabetic rats.METHODS: The study included 50 male Wistar albino rats, divided into 5 groups: control (group I), streptozotocin induced type 1 DM (group II), fructose induced type 2 DM (group III), insulin treated type 1 diabetic rats (group IV) and rosiglitazone treated type 2 diabetic rats (group V). At the end of the study, retro-orbital blood samples were withdrawn and blood glucose, plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and thyroid hormones levels were measured. Rats were then anesthetized and their hearts were excised and connected to Langendorff apparatus to perform mechanical cardiac performance tests including heart rate (HR), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and maximum rate of pressure rise (+dp/dt).RESULTS: Data of the study showed that relative to control group, there was significant increase in blood glucose, plasma TG and TC levels while, thyroid hormones and myocardial performance parameters showed significant decrease in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats. Treatment of type 1 diabetic rats with insulin and type 2 with rosiglitazone resulted in significant decrease in blood glucose, plasma TG and TC levels associated with significant improvement in thyroid hormones and myocardial performance parameters. The results also showed that insulin treatment of type 1 was more effective in ameliorating all parameters than treatment of type 2 by rosiglitazone.CONCLUSION: We concluded that the induction of both types of diabetes resulted in decreased myocardial performance parameters. TheÂ treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes by insulin and oral rosiglitazone respectively improved to a great extent the altered metabolism andÂ mechanical myocardial parameters, with more improving effect ofÂ insulin in type 1 than rosiglitazone in type 2 DM.