bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of Patients With Non–ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Planer David , Mehran Roxana , Ohman E. Magnus , White Harvey D. , Newman Jonathan D. , Xu Ke , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: May 2014

Background—
Troponin elevation is a risk factor for mortality in patients with non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndromes. However, the prognosis of patients with troponin elevation and nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown. Our objective was therefore to evaluate the impact of nonobstructive CAD in patients with non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndromes and troponin elevation enrolled in the Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy (ACUITY) trial.

Methods and Results—

In the ACUITY trial, 3-vessel quantitative coronary angiography was performed in a formal substudy of 6921 patients presenting with non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndromes. Patients with elevated admission troponin levels were stratified by the presence or absence of obstructive CAD (any lesion with quantitative diameter stenosis >50%). Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for baseline characteristics. Of 2442 patients with elevated troponin, 197 (8.8%) had nonobstructive CAD. Maximum diameter stenosis was 87.4 (73.2, 100.0) versus 22.6 (19.2, 25.7;
P
<0.0001) in patients with versus without obstructive CAD, respectively. Propensity matching yielded 117 patients with nonobstructive CAD and 331 patients with obstructive CAD, with no significant baseline differences between groups. In the matched cohort, overall 1-year mortality was significantly higher in patients with nonobstructive CAD (5.2% versus 1.6%; hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]=3.44 [1.05, 11.28];
P
=0.04), driven by greater noncardiac mortality. Conversely, recurrent myocardial infarction and unplanned revascularization rates were significantly higher in patients with obstructive CAD.

Conclusions—
Patients with non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndromes and elevated troponin levels but without obstructive CAD, while having low rates of subsequent myocardial infarction and unplanned revascularization, are still at considerable risk for 1-year mortality from noncardiac causes.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00093158.
The Emergence of Open-Source Software for the Weather Radar Community
Authors: Heistermann M. , Collis S. , Dixon M. J. , Giangrande S. , Helmus J. J. , Kelley B. , Koistinen J. , Michelson D. B. , Peura M. , Pfaff T. , Wolff D. B. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Weather radar analysis has become increasingly sophisticated over the past 50 years, and efforts to keep software up to date have generally lagged behind the needs of the users. We argue that progress has been impeded by the fact that software has not been developed and shared as a community.
Recently, the situation has been changing. In this paper, the developers of a number of open-source software (OSS) projects highlight the potential of OSS to advance radar-related research. We argue that the community-based development of OSS holds the potential to reduce duplication of efforts and to create transparency in implemented algorithms while improving the quality and scope of the software. We also conclude that there is sufficiently mature technology to support collaboration across different software projects. This could allow for consolidation toward a set of interoperable software platforms, each designed to accommodate very specific user requirements.
Detecting Dependence in the Sensitive Parameter Space of a Model Using Statistical Inference and Large Forecast Ensembles
Authors: McLay J. G. , Liu M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study looks for evidence of correlation among model physical parameters in the sensitive parameter space defined by those randomly sampled physical parameter vectors that induce the most notable response in some forecast metric. These “sensitive parameter vectors” are identified through an ensemble methodology. The correlation analysis is facilitated by two established techniques from statistical inference theory. The random parameter vectors are found to induce a considerable range of forecast responses in terms of five metrics, such as bias and variance. The metrics enable measurement not only of the biggest forecast response but also of the most beneficial forecast response (e.g., in terms of reduction of forecast error). For most metrics, multiple parameter pairs exhibit significantly more correlation than would be expected from random sampling processes. The correlations frequently involve parameters from two different physical routines. These inference results are independently supported by a Monte Carlo simulation. The results suggest that correlations among parameters must be taken into account in order to gain the most response from a model when carrying out parameter variation experiments. Also, they reinforce the idea that parameter estimation efforts need to be expanded so that they simultaneously estimate the joint distribution of parameters across multiple physical routines.
Percutaneous sinus angiography and three-dimensional CT imaging showing morphological and draining features of venous malformations in soft tissue
Authors: Yuan Si-Ming , Zhou Chang-Sheng , Cui Lei , Guo Yao , Wang Jun , Hu Xin-Bao , Zhou Ji-Hong , Hong Zhi-Jian , Jiang Hui-Qing 
Published: May 2014

Objective Venous malformation (VM) is a common vascular malformation in soft tissue. Its morphological and draining features, relationship with main vein, and hemodynamics in the lesion are not completely clear till now. Above information is important for choice of treatment. Methods From January 2012 to December 2013, 23 patients were enrolled into this study. Percutaneous puncture into the lesion was made and contrast media was injected into venous sinus. Immediately after that CT scan was performed, and repeated several minutes later. Then three-dimensional imaging was performed to show the morphology and draining veins of VMs, and the relevant main veins. The hemodynamics in the lesion was also evaluated. Results All patients underwent successful examination. Three-dimensional imaging showed an irregular shape of VM. Based on the draining features, VMs were classified into three types: (1) Type I (7/23): malformation without visible draining vein; (2) Type II (10/23): malformation with normal draining vein; (3) Type III (6/23): malformation with abnormal dilated draining vein. The flow in type I VMs was slow. Contrast media retained in the lesion for more than 1 day. The flow in type III VMs was fast. Contrast media flowed away rapidly. The flow of type II VMs was between type I and type III. According to above information and adjacent anatomy, all patients received suitable treatment, including sclerotherapy with absolute ethanol and bleomycin A5, intralesional copper wires retention, surgical removal, and combinational therapy of the above methods. Conclusions This procedure can clearly show the morphological and draining features of VM and its relationship with main vein, and further evaluate the hemodynamics in the lesion, which are helpful for the choice of treatment.
Gene perturbation and intervention in context-sensitive stochastic Boolean networks
Authors: Zhu Peican , Liang Jinghang , Han Jie 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
In a gene regulatory network (GRN), gene expressions are affected by noise, and stochastic fluctuations exist in the interactions among genes. These stochastic interactions are context dependent, thus it becomes important to consider noise in a context-sensitive manner in a network model. As a logical model, context-sensitive probabilistic Boolean networks (CSPBNs) account for molecular and genetic noise in the temporal context of gene functions. In a CSPBN with n genes and k contexts, however, a computational complexity of O(nk
222n
) (or O(nk 2
n
)) is required for an accurate (or approximate) computation of the state transition matrix (STM) of the size (2
n
∙ k) × (2
n
∙ k) (or 2
n
× 2
n
). The evaluation of a steady state distribution (SSD) is more challenging. Recently, stochastic Boolean networks (SBNs) have been proposed as an efficient implementation of an instantaneous PBN.

Results
The notion of stochastic Boolean networks (SBNs) is extended for the general model of PBNs, i.e., CSPBNs. This yields a novel structure of context-sensitive SBNs (CSSBNs) for modeling the stochasticity in a GRN. A CSSBN enables an efficient simulation of a CSPBN with a complexity of O(nLk 2
n
) for computing the state transition matrix, where L is a factor related to the required sequence length in CSSBN for achieving a desired accuracy. A time-frame expanded CSSBN can further efficiently simulate the stationary behavior of a CSPBN and allow for a tunable tradeoff between accuracy and efficiency. The CSSBN approach is more efficient than an analytical method and more accurate than an approximate analysis.

Conclusions
Context-sensitive stochastic Boolean networks (CSSBNs) are proposed as an efficient approach to modeling the effects of gene perturbation and intervention in gene regulatory networks. A CSSBN analysis provides biologically meaningful insights into the oscillatory dynamics of the p53-Mdm2 network in a context-switching environment. It is shown that random gene perturbation has a greater effect on the final distribution of the steady state of a network compared to context switching activities. The CSSBN approach can further predict the steady state distribution of a glioma network under gene intervention. Ultimately, this will help drug discovery and develop effective drug intervention strategies.
Savoring every drop – Vampire or Mosquito?
Authors: Fischer Dania Patricia , Zacharowski Kai D , Meybohm Patrick 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBlood safety with respect to infectious complications has reached very high standards. Nevertheless, reports on transfusion-associated morbidity and mortality gain momentum. Multidisciplinary patient blood management programs can minimize unnecessary exposure to allogeneic blood products by strengthening and conserving patients’ own resources. This article outlines concepts designed to maintain hemoglobin concentration, to optimize hemostasis, and to minimize blood loss in ICUs. These measures prevent or at least alleviate hospital-acquired anemia, reduce the need for blood transfusions, and therefore have great potential to improve patient safety and medical outcome.
The Freedom of a Christian: Martin Luther’s Reformation of Law & Liberty
Authors: Witte John 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Martin Luther described each person as at once sinner and saint, priest and lord. We can do nothing good; we can do nothing but good.We are utterly free; we are everywhere bound. The more a person thinks himself a saint, the more sinful in fact he becomes. The more a person thinks herself a sinner, the more saintly she in fact becomes. The more a person acts like a lord, the more he is called to be a servant. The more a person acts as a servant, the more in fact she has become a lord. This is the paradoxical nature of human life, and this is the essence of human dignity. Luther used this dialectic theology to level the traditional divisions between pope and prince, clergy and laity, aristocrat and commoner in his sixteenth-century world. And he helped to shape ongoing Protestant teachings about the need to balance authority and liberty, hierarchy and equality, rights and duties in all spheres of life, not least the church and the state.
Vorbereitungen auf das Reformationsjubiläum 2017
Authors: Käßmann Margot 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In contrast to past centenaries, the preparation of the 2017 reformation quincentenary is clearly focused on showcasing an ecumenical and international dimension. It is thus intended to take into account the developments of the past decades regarding the Leuenberg Concord and the dialogue with the Roman-Catholic church and the heirs of the Anabaptist movement. The conceptual focus on the reformation and its meaning for today is accentuated equally with the preparation of an event that will, as a public celebration, reveal the ecclesiastical and secular meaning of the reformation.
Diakonische Identität in einer pluralen Gesellschaft
Authors: Starnitzke Dierk 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Questions concerning the special identity of diaconal work in relation with the protestant churches cannot still be answered with a distinction between their specific character and other forms of social work and with a description of the Christian belief and motivation of the employees. Not even in the context of the modern society, but also with regress to the biblical sources especially in the New Testament, the confession of the inclusion of all men in human community forces an opening of the traditionally exclusive character of diaconal work for potentially all people, not only clients but also employees. This opening must theologically be well reflected and managed.
Entgrenzung und Zusammenarbeit – die Notwendigkeit von Kooperationen im Lernraum
Authors: May Anne , Kannenberg Susanne 
Published: May 2014

Zusammenfassung
Die Hochschule ist ein Lernraum – dieser Satz ist für die meisten ein Allgemeinplatz. Da­hinter verbirgt sich aber weit mehr – eine entwicklungsfähige Zukunftsaufgabe, bei der es um mehr als ein räumlich-infrastrukturelles Angebot für Studierende geht. Für einen vielseitigen, zukunftsfähigen Lernraum ist die Entgrenzung institutioneller Zuständigkeiten notwendige Voraussetzung. Diese Notwendigkeit ergibt sich sowohl für die Entwicklung und den Betrieb von räumlich-technischen Infrastrukturen als auch für die Weiterentwicklung von Beratungs- und Schulungsangeboten. Dienstleistungskooperation ist nötig für zukunftsorientierte Supportangebote und lernunterstützende Dienste, wie z. B. die Vermittlung von Informations- und Medienkompetenz.
Ausgehend von oben skizziertem Lernraum-Verständnis und den von der DINI-AG Lernräume beschriebenen Lernraum-Dimensionen sollen Akteure, Services und Kooperationsaufgaben beispielhaft illustriert und Herausforderungen für eine strategische Hochschulentwicklung dargestellt werden.
The Determinants of Corporate Image for Life Insurers in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Tsai-Jyh , Wan Annie 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This study attempts to analyze the relationship between corporate image and business operation of life insurance companies in Taiwan. Based on the performance indicators in underwriting and financial constructs, this study conducts regression analysis to find the influential factors for corporate image of life insurers. This study finds that both underwriting and financial operations have considerable impacts on the corporate image of life insurance companies. The results indicate that consumers evaluate the corporate image based on not only the financial performance but also the quality of underwriting management, such as services provided by the insurers. The company background (e.g. subsidiary of financial holding companies or foreign insurers) does not significantly influence the corporate image. The findings of this study suggest that the life insurance companies in Taiwan should pay more attention to the underwriting activities and service quality in order to enhance their corporate image.
Hierarchische
Speichereinsatzoptimierung
Authors: Nicolai Steffen , Bretschneider Peter , Westermann Dirk 
Published: May 2014

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird ein hierarchischer Ansatz zum optimalen Einsatz
von stationären elektrischen Energiespeichern unter besonderer
Beachtung des hybriden Speicherkonzeptes vorgestellt. An Hand eines
Praxisbeispiels wird die Vorgehensweise beim Entwurf und der
Implementierung einer Betriebsführungslösung für hybride
Speichersysteme dargestellt und erste Ergebnisse präsentiert.
The Role of Infrastructure in Mitigating Poverty Dynamics: The Case of an Irrigation Project in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sawada Yasuyuki , Shoji Masahiro , Sugawara Shinya , Shinkai Naoko 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
While it is known that access to physical infrastructure enhances household welfare, there are very few micro-econometric studies that analyze its role in mitigating chronic and transient poverty. This paper aims to bridge this gap in the existing literature by evaluating the impact of a large-scale irrigation infrastructure project implemented in Sri Lanka. It identifies the treatment effect of irrigation access by exploiting a situation where the government used lotteries to distribute irrigated plots. Furthermore, in order to disentangle the channels through which the irrigation reduces poverty, we extend the seasonal consumption smoothing model of Paxson (1993; “Consumption and Income Seasonality in Thailand.” Journal of Political Economy 191(1):39–72) by introducing endogenous credit constraints. Using unique household level monthly panel data over a year, it is shown that with irrigation accessibility, not only the average income increases but also the patterns of income fluctuation changes and the probability of binding credit constraint declines through which transient poverty is mitigated. These empirical results suggest that irrigation infrastructure has a positive impact on reducing both chronic and transient poverty directly and indirectly by improving income and relaxing credit constraints.
The Impact of Korea’s Green Growth Policies on the National Economy and Environment
Authors: Hwang Won-Sik , Oh Inha , Lee Jeong-Dong 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The Korean government has recently established national and sectoral mid-term greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets. Specifically, the country must reduce its total GHG emissions by 30% compared to business-as-usual (BAU) by 2020. This study has two main purposes. First, the study aims to measure the economic impacts of pursuing and achieving the government’s GHG reduction targets. Second, it aims to estimate each major policy’s potential GHG emission reductions in the various sectors. We use the computable general equilibrium model and develop three scenarios to examine the economic and environmental impacts of Korea’s green growth policies – a baseline scenario wherein the national economy proceeds without green growth policies; scenario A, wherein the government imposes national and sectoral emission reduction targets without adopting green technologies; and scenario B, wherein the government adopts policy and technology as renewable portfolio standard and carbon capture and storage. The simulation results from scenario A indicate that the government’s mid-term targets could pose a significant challenge to Korea’s national economy. In addition, the results from scenario B indicate that low-carbon green policy and technology will play an important role in reducing GHG emissions.
韩国留学生篇章宏观信息结构的习得特点及其制约因素—以论证性语篇为考察中心
Authors: 张 迎宝 
Published: May 2014

提要篇章宏观信息结构是负载不同功能的各种高层次信息单元之间建构起的一种功能关系网络。韩国留学生论证性语篇宏观信息结构的习得总体体现为一个由低到高逐渐向汉语母语者靠拢的系统化进阶的过程。这一习得过程的特点表现在：习得过程的有阶性与无界性；各构成参项演进方向的一致性、发展轨迹的变异性和发展水平的差异性；学习主体型例选用的偏好性；型例量变在标记阶差异中的主导性；演进过程的系统性。该过程受到篇章内、外部多种因素的制约。
Errata to Algebraic points on Shimura curves of Γ0(p)-type
(J. reine angew. Math., DOI 10.1515/crelle-2012-0068)
Authors: Arai Keisuke , Momose Fumiyuki 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.

This is an erratum to http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2012-0068.
The Paradox of Translation
Authors: Petrilli Susan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
For a good translation the “interpretant sign” or “translatant” must not only repeat the “interpreted sign”, the “translated sign”, the original text in translation, but also must respond to it with interpretants of “answering comprehension”. In interlingual translation, the relation between the “interpreted” and the “interpretant” is oriented by the logic of responsive creativity, dialogism and otherness, by iconic similarity and abductive inference. Interlingual translation involves the disposition to respond to the word of the other in the form of reported, indirect discourse masked as direct discourse. The paradox of a good translation, which is the same text as the original but other from it, is the paradox of the sign.
A Semiotic Perspective on the Language of Science
Authors: Solomonick Abraham 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A scientific language is created by combining the three layers of signs that I describe in this paper: technical terms (some of them being concepts), normal language and symbols. Every scientific language is different because the groups of signs that can express the main features of the particular science are different. If these features can only be expressed using pictures and words, the extent to which they can be deeply and unambiguously described is limited. If the objects under investigation can be given multiple designations using highly abstract signs (symbols), we must develop new ways to handle and analyze them
The Back of Mnemosyne A Cultural-semiotic Analysis of the Forgetting Mechanism of Culture
Authors: Yu Hongbing 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The construction of culture as a nonhereditary memory of the community is selective, with cultural forgetting functioning as one of its internal mechanisms. Based on Lotmanian Semiotic typology, cultural forgetting should be divided into such three types as forgetting of the text, forgetting of the rule and forgetting of the code. The main function of cultural forgetting is to ensure the formation and maintenance of cultural memory, which is manifested in three aspects: establishing cultural identity concerning the infusion of new texts, rules and codes, the external function concerning non-culture and anti-culture in the process of cultural interaction and expansion, and the internal cultural function concerning old culture and the past in the process of internal changes in specific cultures.
An Analysis of Symbolized Character Images and Dual Discourses in Comic Novels
Authors: Pan Zhaoyi , Pan Xinning 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
At the beginning of the 21st century, a new type of novel appeared, i.e. the comic novel. The fundamental feature of comic novels is the symbolization of character images. Symbolized character images convey dual discourses: (i) a comic discourse that is produced by the special methods of cartoons and is characteristic of such aesthetic effects as fun, humor and absurdity, and (ii) a tragic discourse that is conveyed by symbolized character images and is metaphoric. The combination of the superficial comic discourse and the deep tragic discourse of the character images endows comic novels with unique artistic charms, namely the defamiliarization effect and artistic tension.
Peirce on Wonder, Inquiry and the Semiotic Ubiquity of Surprise
Authors: Cooke Elizabeth F. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between surprise and wonder. Peirce develops a phenomenology of surprise as central to inquiry. In his essay “A Neglected Argument for the Reality of God”, Peirce examines this phenomenon of surprise in relation to the three semiotic universes: firstness, secondness, and thirdness. “Every inquiry whatsoever takes its rise in the observation, in one or another of the three Universes, of some surprising phenomenon”. Inquiry begins by contemplating one of the universes of signs, or their relations upon the discovery of some new and surprising dimension of these universes or their relations. Apparently one could begin inquiry and wonder about virtually anything, but what exactly motivates this process, and why is it motivated in some people sometimes and not others? And, further, what is the relationship between surprise and wonder when we consider that, for Peirce, surprise is ubiquitous throughout our experience? I argue that surprise is a form of error recognition, and that what distinguishes those surprises that lead to wonder is that they regard previous beliefs that we truly care about. Wonder in particular (as opposed to other inquiries) is prompted when a surprise reveals an error in a belief that we care about, making the pursuit to settle the question that arises a deeply personal one.