bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-yielding syntheses, crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analysis of bis-1,1'-(2- nitropropenes) extended with benzene-1,4-diyl and biphenyl-4,4'-diyl spacers
Authors: Domasevitch Kostiantyn V. , Senchyk Ganna A. , Krautscheid Harald 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Crystal structures of two 2-nitropropene derivatives, namely 1,4-bis((E)-2-nitroprop-1-enyl)benzene and 4,4′-bis((E)-2-nitroprop-1-enyl)biphenyl, support relevance of lone pair-π-hole interactions of nitro groups to the crystal packing of extended polyaromatic molecules. For the former structure, these bonds complement slipped π-π interactions of the benzene rings within a basic supramolecular motif representing infinite stacks. In the biphenyl derivative, only one out of two nitro groups afford NO2⋅⋅⋅NO2 bonds (N⋅⋅⋅O = 3.191(2) Å) as a local pattern. The decreased significance of lone pair-π-hole interactions is in line with growing contribution of weak dispersion forces, which favor close alignment of the molecules and larger interaction ares to generate multiple C-H⋅⋅⋅π bonds. Different types of C-H⋅⋅⋅O, C-H⋅⋅⋅π, π-π, NO2-π, NO2⋅⋅⋅NO2, tetrel CH3⋅⋅⋅O and CH3⋅⋅⋅π bonds, which actualize in the prefesent structures were further assessed by Hirshfeld surface analysis and intermolecular interaction energies were calculated using the CE B3LYP/6 31G(d,p) energy model. In addition, the facile and high-yielding preparations by condensation of dialdehydes and nitroethane, provide a straightforward access to the present 2-nitropropenes, as valuable synthetic intermediates.
Energy Management Scheme in Micro-grid with LVDC using Smart Energy Estimation Technique
Authors: Chaudhary Nikhil , Verma K. S. , Pandey J.P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

A new energy µanageµent scheµe for grid integrated battery based solar PV systeµ is developed for a µore practical DC bus voltage of 48 V. The µain objective of the proposed work is to feed the grid by optiµizing the available energy froµ PV and battery systeµ. A unique advance adaptive control algorithµ is used to generate the reference signal which is directly associated with the battery SOC and µaxiµuµ power of solar PV. This adaptive energy µanageµent systeµ incorporated with Active Battery Manageµent Systeµ (ABMS) allows for real tiµe adjustµents based on the current operating conditions and energy availability. To obtain the SOC of battery on loaded condition µatheµatical µodel of Adaptive Kalµan filter is used. Accurate SOC estiµation is utilized for charging and discharging of BESS to achieve µaxiµuµ State of Health. The DC bus voltage level aligns with coµµon standards, siµplifying integration. A 4 kW solar panel array with an MPPT circuit and a 20 kwh battery pack are integrated into the systeµ. A bidirectional converter facilitates power exchange between the DC and AC buses. Theoretical analysis and control strategies are deµonstrated. A hardware µodule of converters coµbined with real tiµe siµulator Typhoon HIL 402 is used to deµonstrate the effectiveness of proposed strategy.
Engineering an Escherichia coli strain for enhanced production of flavonoids derived from pinocembrin
Authors: Hanko Erik Kurt Reinhard , Robinson Christopher James , Bhanot Sahara , Jervis Adrian John , Scrutton Nigel Shaun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Flavonoids are a structurally diverse group of secondary metabolites, predominantly produced by plants, which include a range of compounds with pharmacological importance. Pinocembrin is a key branch point intermediate in the biosynthesis of a wide range of flavonoid subclasses. However, replicating the biosynthesis of these structurally diverse molecules in heterologous microbial cell factories has encountered challenges, in particular the modest pinocembrin titres achieved to date. In this study, we combined genome engineering and enzyme candidate screening to significantly enhance the production of pinocembrin and its derivatives, including chrysin, pinostrobin, pinobanksin, and galangin, in Escherichia coli.
Results
By implementing a combination of established strain engineering strategies aimed at enhancing the supply of the building blocks phenylalanine and malonyl-CoA, we constructed an E. coli chassis capable of accumulating 353 mg/L pinocembrin from glycerol, without the need for precursor supplementation or the fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitor cerulenin. This chassis was subsequently employed for the production of chrysin, pinostrobin, pinobanksin, and galangin. Through an enzyme candidate screening process involving eight type-1 and five type-2 flavone synthases (FNS), we identified Petroselinum crispum FNSI as the top candidate, producing 82 mg/L chrysin. Similarly, from a panel of five flavonoid 7-O-methyltransferases (7-OMT), we found pinocembrin 7-OMT from Eucalyptus nitida to yield 153 mg/L pinostrobin. To produce pinobanksin, we screened seven enzyme candidates exhibiting flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) or F3H/flavonol synthase (FLS) activity, with the bifunctional F3H/FLS enzyme from Glycine max being the top performer, achieving a pinobanksin titre of 12.6 mg/L. Lastly, by utilising a combinatorial library of plasmids encoding G. max F3H and Citrus unshiu FLS, we obtained a maximum galangin titre of 18.2 mg/L.
Conclusion
Through the integration of microbial chassis engineering and screening of enzyme candidates, we considerably increased the production levels of microbially synthesised pinocembrin, chrysin, pinostrobin, pinobanksin, and galangin. With the introduction of additional chassis modifications geared towards improving cofactor supply and regeneration, as well as alleviating potential toxic effects of intermediates and end products, we anticipate further enhancements in the yields of these pinocembrin derivatives, potentially enabling greater diversification in microbial hosts.
Advancing Agrivoltaics through a Systematic Design Framework: Guidelines for Integration and Informed Decision-Making
Authors: Miljkovic Nenad , Du Xuzhi , Solecki Alexandra , hoque Muhammad Jahidul , Garimella Vivek S. , Jia Mengqi , Peng Bin , Mwebaze Paul , McCall James , Majeed Fahd , Time Alson , Kim Jinwook , Sturchio Matthew , Guan Kaiyu , Khanna Madhu , Bernacchi Carl J , Lee DoKyoung , Knapp Alan , Barron-Gafford Greg , Branham Bruce 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Agrivoltaics (AV), the integration of agriculture and photovoltaic (PV) technology, can provide solutions to address land use conflicts associated with growing demands for food, energy, and water resources. Currently, there is no method to address the site-specific characteristics of AV (altered microclimate, crop yield, PV and crop design) in a planning and optimization model. In this paper, we develop a first-of-its-kind open-source AV design model with solar, crop (soybean), economic, and optimization modules. We use this model to conduct an in-silico multi-objective optimization experiment, revealing a nuanced relationships between PV energy and soybean crop output (yield and profit). We find that PV panel spacing is a critical factor within the global optimal design domain, positively affecting crop production and crop profit, while negatively impacting PV generation per land area, PV profit, and land equivalent ratio (LER). An increase in PV spacing, transitioning from traditional solar farms to those approaching agricultural farms, causes a 49% and 75% increase in crop production and profit, respectively. However, this also results in a decrease of 55% in PV power generation, 54% in PV profit, and 17% in LER. Additionally, PV height and crop buffer zones around panel boundaries show secondary effects, with optimal designs favoring taller PV installations and narrower crop buffers (occupying ~40% of the under-panel area for soybean cultivation) for enhanced system efficiency. Our integrated modeling framework informs AV design guidelines and offers insights to support informed technological decision-making in this dynamically evolving field.
Mortality Rate and Charlson Co-morbidity Scores of Patients with Femoral Neck Fractures Treated with Hip Hemiarthroplasty using Austin-Moore, Thompson, and Modular Hip Prostheses in a Tertiary Government Hospital
Authors: Cocjin Hansel Gould B. , Porras Shaun A. , Sanchez John Paolo J. , Bajao Joevel Christian T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Hip fractures remain a significant healthcare problem worldwide, with an annual incidence of 1.7 million. Published literature regarding mortality and associated Charlson Co-morbidity score using Austin-Moore, Thompson, and Modular hip hemiarthroplasty in the Philippines is limited.
Methods: This 5-year retrospective cohort study involved 92 elderly patients who underwent hip hemiarthroplasty using Austin-Moore, Thompson, or Modular hip prosthesis in the treatment of acute femoral neck fractures. A comprehensive chart review on admission and patient clinic follow-ups at 1-month, 6-months and 12-months after surgery was done. The objectives of the study included the demographic and clinical profiles, operative times, length of hospital stay, Charlson Comorbidity Score and mortality rate.
Results: The average age of patients with femoral neck fractures was 73 years old. Majority were females at 81.4%; Most injuries were secondary to fall at 91.3%, whereas 8.7% were due to vehicular accidents. Patients treated with Austin-Moore, Thompson, and Modular Hip prosthesis were 31.5%, 53.2%, and 15.2% respectively. The patients had an average length of hospitalization of 11 days, and an average CC score was 4.28. There was a significant difference in estimated blood loss across the different types of prosthesis, wherein, Austin-Moore prostheses were higher with a mean difference of 125 ml and p<.05. No significant differences were found regarding operative times, length of hospital stay, Charlson Comorbidity Score and mortality rates.
Conclusion. The mortality rates and associated Charlson Co-morbidity scores in patients with femoral neck fractures were comparable with published literatures. Using Austin-Moore, Thompson, and Modular hip prostheses in hip hemiarthroplasty is an effective treatment modality indicated for elderly patients with femoral neck fractures and high CCS.
Therapeutic Level: III
Performance enhancement of motor by applying organic/inorganic nanoceramic hybrid resin coating
Authors: Chang Chun Chieh , Lee Cho-Yu , Chu Brian , Chu Cheng-Jye , Lee Chi-Rung , Pan Cheng-Tang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This paper introduces an organic/inorganic nanoceramic hybrid resin as a replacement for the conventional organic resin coating applied to the silicon steel sheet in electric motors. The organic/inorganic nanoceramic hybrid resin was prepared using the sol-gel method and polymerization. By employing cross -linking and grafting reactions between high thermal conductivity heat dissipation fillers and hybrid resins, excellent insulating coatings with high thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance were achieved. In addition, these coatings exhibit self-adhesive properties, making them suitable as adhesive materials for stacking motor silicon steel sheets. This study performed a film characteristic analysis. The developed coating was then applied to the motor, and its performance was compared with commercially available motors. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed coating enhances the relative protection capability by 88.89%, much higher than the 38.89% of commercially available coatings. The thermal conductivity measurements indicate that the alumina coating increases the thermal conductivity of the silicon steel sheet by 33.14%. In the motor characteristics test, the output power of the aluminum oxide hybrid coating motor increased by approximately 29.6% compared to the traditional welding motor. Additionally, the efficiency of the aluminum oxide hybrid-coated motor increased by 6.7% compared to the control group's welded motor.
Compositional engineering of phase-stable and highly efficient deep-red emitting phosphor for advanced plant lighting systems
Authors: Qiao Jianwei , Li Dehong , Shi Qiufeng , Guo Haijie , Huang Ping , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Inorganic luminescent materials hold great promise for optoelectronic device applications, yet the limited efficiency and poor thermal stability of oxide-based deep-red emitting phosphors hinder the advancement of plant lighting technologies. Herein, a simple compositional engineering strategy is proposed to stabilize the phase, boost external quantum efficiency (EQE) and enhance thermal stability. The chemical modification of the PO4 tetrahedron in NaMgPO4:Eu by incorporating SiO4 not only lowers the formation energy, leading to the generation of pure olivine phase and increasing the EQE from 27–52%, setting a record for oxide deep-red phosphors, but also introduces deep defect levels, improving the thermal stability at 150°C from 62.5–85.4%. In parallel, the excitation and emission peaks shifted to 440 nm and 665 nm, respectively, aligning precisely with the specific spectral absorption requirements of plant phytochromes. Moreover, the luminescent intensity showed nearly no decay after being exposed to 80% relative humidity and 80 oC for 6 hours, and the pc-LED utilizing Na1.06MgP0.94Si0.06O4:Eu achieves a high output power of 780 mW at 300 mA. Our research demonstrates a facile method for optimizing the performance of inorganic luminescent materials and provides alternative solutions for low-cost plant lighting.
Alkaline gelatinised locust bean gum: alternative depressant for pyroxene and talc in Platreef ore
Authors: Ngobeni Walter Amos , Mulaba-Bafubiandi Antoine F. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is the common depressant used in flotation. However, CMC has a high negative charge density. Thus, a higher electrostatic repulsion on negatively charged minerals. Also, it is susceptible to pulp ionic strength. Hence, the high dose requirements for effective depression. This is detrimental as CMC destabilises the froth at high dosages. Locust bean gum (LBG) brings attractive attributes like low charge density and insensitivity to pulp ionic strength. Therefore, this paper explored the feasibility of using alkaline gelatinised LBG as a CMC alternative depressant for pyroxene and talc. Bench flotation tests were conducted using Platreef ore to compare LBG and CMC's performance at 25g/t, 50g/t, and 100g/t. This study showed that LBG and CMC yielded comparable pyroxene and talc depression (> 80%) at all dosages tested. Furthermore, at 100g/t, the respective Pt recoveries of 88% and 83% illustrated that LBG was more effective than CMC at allowing Pt to float unhindered. Additionally, zeta potential measurements were conducted in the presence and absence of the depressant to establish the adsorption mechanisms. The zeta potential results showed that CMC and LBG adsorption onto pyroxene and talc surfaces were different due to their structural and ionic strength differences.
Forward and reverse genomic screens enhance the understanding of phenotypic variation in a large Chinese rhesus macaque cohort
Authors: Wu Dong-Dong , Zhang Bao-Lin , Chen Yongxuan , Zhang Yali , Qiao Yicheng , Wu Yang , Zhang Yi , Lu Yizheng , You Xinran , Li Yanling , Huang Hong-Di , Wang Qiong , Li Yijiang , Wang Yun , Xiao Wenxian , Duan Hexian , Qiu Ming-Hao , Chen Nan-Hui , Yu Xiaomei , Yang Min-Min , Lv Longbao , Cooper David , Zheng Ping , Yao Yong-Gang , Liu Ning , Wang Jianhong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Combining genotype and phenotype data promises to greatly increase the value of macaque as biomedical models for human disease. Here we launch the Macaque Biobank project by deeply sequencing 919 captive Chinese rhesus macaques (CRM) while assessing 52 phenotypic traits. Genomic analyses revealed CRMs exhibit 1.7-fold higher nucleotide diversity and significantly lower mutational load than their Indian counterparts. We identified hundreds of loss-of-function variants linked to human inherited disease and drug targets, and at least seven exert significant effects on phenotypes using forward genomic screens. Genome-wide association analyses revealed 30 independent loci associated with phenotypic variations. Using reverse genomic approaches, we identifiedDISC1(p.Arg517Trp) as a genetic risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders, with macaques carrying this deleterious allele exhibiting impairments in working memory and cortical architecture. This study demonstrates the potential of macaque cohorts for the investigation of genotype-phenotype relationships and exploring potential spontaneous models of human genetic disease.
Efficacy of LLINs before and after the selection of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l. and funestus s.l. in NE Tanzania: a longitudinal meta-analysis of experimental hut studies
Authors: Tungu Patrick K. , Sudi Wema , Batengana Benard , Kisinza William N. , Rowland Mark 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
The extent to which insecticide resistance is affecting malaria vector control in community and home is not fully understood. This study assessed the implications of insecticide resistance for entomological efficacy of LLINs against wild free-flying field Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestuss.l. in experimental hut trials (EHT) in NE Tanzania before and after the evolution of pyrethroid-resistance.
Methods:
Evaluations of LLIN efficacy were conducted following World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines in a series of ten trials commissioned by WHO between 2006 and 2017, before and after resistance development.The evaluation criteria were based on mortality, blood feeding inhibition, induced exophily, personal protection, mass killing effect and deterrence. WHO bioassay methods were used to detect resistance while PCR molecular diagnostics detected resistance alleles and identified mosquitoes to species.
Results:
Anopheline mosquitoes were fully susceptible to pyrethroids until 2010-2013 when they began to show resistance. The VGSC L1014S point mutation kdr was detected in An. gambiae s.s. at the allelic frequency of 47%. Synergist tests with PBO restored efficacy, indicating added involvement of metabolic mechanisms. Meta-analysis of the 10 trials showed that mortality of susceptible An gambiae s.l.was 6.7 and 5.2-fold greater on zero-times (z = 6.6, p = 0.001) and 20-times washed LLINs (z = 2.3, p = 0.023) than on resistant An gambiae s.l. The mortality of unwashed and washed LLINs against susceptible An funestus s.l. was 3.3 (z = 2.8, p = 0.004) and 2.6 (z = 2.9, p = 0.004) fold greater than on resistant An funestus s.l. Resistant An gambiae s.l. were more likely to exit the huts as compared to susceptible An gambiae s.l. (z = 2.79, p = 0.005). The transition from susceptibility to resistance on changes to blood-feeding rates was non-significant for either species.
Conclusions:
Reduced mortality induced by LLINs after selection of pyrethroid resistance indicates that resistance may undermine household and community control of vector populations. Personal protection parameters seemed less affected by the transition to resistance. Meta-analysis, comparing the same net brands before and after selection of resistance, reveal which control parameters seem most affected by resistance.
Screening for porcine endogenous retrovirus - C (PERV-C) in pigs
Authors: Jhelum Hina , Kunec Dusan , Papatsiros Vasileios , Kaufer Benedikt , Denner Joachim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Porcine endogenous retrovirus C (PERV-C) is a gammaretrovirus present in the genome of many, but not all pigs. PERV-C is an ecotropic virus, able to infect only pig cells. In contrast, PERV-A and PERV-B are present in all pigs, they can infect cells of numerous host species including humans, and therefore pose a risk for xenotransplantation using pigs as donor animals. Intriguingly, PERV-C can recombine with PERV-A and the resulting PERV-A/C recombinants can also infect human cells and replicate to higher titers compared to the paternal PERV-A. Therefore, only PERV-C-free animals should be used for xenotransplantation. When screening wild boars and German landrace pigs for PERV-C, proviral variants were detected, and to detect these variants, new PCR methods were developed. Furthermore, PERVs are known to be active in living pigs as demonstrated by recombination and by different copy numbers in various organs and different parts of an organ. Copy numbers also increased with the age of the animals. This data was obtained by PCR using primers amplifying the highly conserved polymerase sequence which is identical in PERV-A, PERV-B and PERV-C. Here we screened indigenous Greek black pigs, Auckland Island pigs and German slaughterhouse pigs for the presence of PERV-C, using different PCR-based methods and optimized these detection methods. Auckland Island pigs were PERV-C-negative and represent the optimal donor pigs after genetic modifications.
Flexural Performance of Tunnel lining Segments using Fiber Reinforced Concrete: A Study on Recycled and Industrial Fibers Through Experimental and Numerical Methods
Authors: Ahmadi Alireza , Tohidi Amin , Negahdar Hassan , Shakeri Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the flexural performance of metro tunnel segments reinforced with traditional rebar and fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC). Utilizing a comprehensive experimental approach, the mechanical properties of FRC were determined and compared with ordinary concrete through rigorous laboratory tests. A detailed numerical analysis was conducted using a 3D finite element model (FEM) in ABAQUS 2022, validated with experimental data. The FEM assessed segments reinforced with traditional rebar versus those with a 50% reduction in rebar, supplemented by FRC. The Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model effectively simulated the flexural behavior, revealing a 30% reduction in tensile damage with FRC. Further analysis revealed significant improvements in stress responses, including a 2.6-fold increase in von Mises stress and a 60% reduction in vertical displacement. These findings highlight the enhanced structural performance and economic benefits of incorporating FRC with reduced rebar, as well as the environmental advantages of using recycled fibers. This study provides critical insights into optimizing tunnel segment reinforcement, promoting both structural integrity and sustainability in tunnel construction projects.
AUTOMATING QUALITY CONTROL: REAL-TIME DEFECT DETECTION AND AUTOMATED DECISION-MAKING WITH AI AND DOOSAN ROBOTICS
Authors: chaabani Ameni , Cherif Raef , Yaddaden Yacine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In today’s manufacturing industry, there is a growing need for precise and efficient quality control systems. This article proposes a real-time solution for identifying missing or damaged parts in a can by integrating computer vision, deep learning networks, robotics, and artificial intelligence. A collaborative robotic system was used to improve manufacturing efficiency. The system consists of a Doosan robot equipped with a 2.5D vision system and suction end-effectors for accurate object manipulation. The study involved collecting and augmenting a dataset using the Hough Transformation technique to isolate individual cans. Three pre-trained models, namely VGG16, MobileNet, and ResNet101, were used to detect defects on the can top through transfer learning. The performance of the models was evaluated in terms of accuracy, speed, and efficiency. The algorithm was successfully integrated into the robot, enabling it to perform real-time defect detection and classification autonomously. The implementation of this system showcased significant improvements in defect detection, highlighting the potential of automated technologies in industrial applications. The study also explores the implications of these findings for future enhancements, including the potential for increased system precision and the broader application of computer vision and artificial intelligence in manufacturing processes.