bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equimolar Carbon Absorption by Potassium Phthalimide and In Situ Catalytic Conversion Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Li Yu‐Nong , Zhang Ya‐Wei , He Liang‐Nian , Yu Bing , Song Qing‐Wen , Lang Xian‐Dong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPotassium phthalimide, with weak basicity, is an excellent absorbent for rapid carbon dioxide capture with almost equimolar absorption. This process is assumed to proceed through the potassium carbamate formation pathway, as supported by NMR spectroscopy, an in situ FTIR study, and computational calculations. Both the basicity and nucleophilicity of phthalimide salts have a crucial effect on the capture process. Furthermore, the captured carbon dioxide could more easily be converted in situ into value‐added chemicals and fuel‐related products through carbon capture and utilization, rather than going through a desorption process.
Putting an eye on cytological specimens: An audit of the clinical impact of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration in different health care settings
Authors: Pereira Bernardo Dias , Gerhard Renê , Schmitt Fernando 
Published: March 2014

There is published evidence showing less cost‐benefit approaches in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. We performed an institutional audit of the cytologic diagnosis of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in an attempt to perceive the clinical impact of this technique on the management of thyroid nodules and to compare it in two different types of health care: Primary Care Medicine and Endocrinology.We performed a retrospective analysis to the electronic records of patients referred from General Practitioners (GP) and Endocrinologists (E) for thyroid FNA between 2010 and 2012. Request forms for cytological reports where retrieved for analysis of clinical and cytological data.The database search retrieved 1655 patients (female gender: 88.2%; GP references: 51.8%). Preprocedure clinical information was available from 157 out of 2005 nodules (7.8%). Significant differences in cytological diagnosis were seen in “Nondiagnostic” (GP: 11.6%; E: 7.5%, χ2 = 0.002) and “Benign” categories (GP: 75%; E: 81.8%, χ2 < 0.001). The main potential cause of “Nondiagnostic” samples was nodules smaller than one centimeter (total: 14 cases; GP: 7; E: 7). Reasons to request FNA for these nodules were provided in 6 out of 27 cases (GP: 0/16; E: 6/11, P < 0.001). The rate of insufficient samples was inversely correlated with nodule size (τ = −0.242, P = 0.001).When evaluating thyroid nodules, clinicians should take into account the limitations of FNA, the international recommendations for better cost‐benefit approaches and the importance of a well‐informed cytopathologist for better cytological diagnostic results. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:1009–1012. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Role of Sdf‐1α signaling in Xenopus laevis somite morphogenesis
Authors: Leal Marisa A. , Fickel Sarah R. , Sabillo Armbien , Ramirez Julio , Vergara Hernando Martínez , Nave Ceazar , Saw Daniel , Domingo Carmen R. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBackground: Stromal derived factor‐1α (sdf‐1α), a chemoattractant chemokine, plays a major role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and in embryogenesis. The sdf‐1α signaling pathway has also been shown to be important for somite rotation in zebrafish (Hollway et al., 2007). Given the known similarities and differences between zebrafish and Xenopus laevis somitogenesis, we sought to determine whether the role of sdf‐1α is conserved in Xenopus laevis. Results: Using a morpholino approach, we demonstrate that knockdown of sdf‐1α or its receptor, cxcr4, leads to a significant disruption in somite rotation and myotome alignment. We further show that depletion of sdf‐1α or cxcr4 leads to the near absence of β‐dystroglycan and laminin expression at the intersomitic boundaries. Finally, knockdown of sdf‐1α decreases the level of activated RhoA, a small GTPase known to regulate cell shape and movement. Conclusion: Our results show that sdf‐1α signaling regulates somite cell migration, rotation, and myotome alignment by directly or indirectly regulating dystroglycan expression and RhoA activation. These findings support the conservation of sdf‐1α signaling in vertebrate somite morphogenesis; however, the precise mechanism by which this signaling pathway influences somite morphogenesis is different between the fish and the frog. Developmental Dynamics 243:509–526, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial and temporal genetic structure of a river‐residentAtlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after millennia of isolation
Authors: Sandlund Odd Terje , Karlsson Sten , Thorstad Eva B. , Berg Ole Kristian , Kent Matthew P. , Norum Ine C. J. , Hindar Kjetil 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe river‐residentSalmo salar(“småblank”) has been isolated from otherAtlantic salmon populations for 9,500 years in upperRiverNamsen,Norway. This is the onlyEuropeanAtlantic salmon population accomplishing its entire life cycle in a river. Hydropower development during the last six decades has introduced movement barriers and changed more than 50% of the river habitat to lentic conditions. Based on microsatellites andSNPs, genetic variation within småblank was only about 50% of that in the anadromousAtlantic salmon within the same river. The genetic differentiation (FST) between småblank and the anadromous population was 0.24. This is similar to the differentiation between anadromousAtlantic salmon inEurope andNorthAmerica. Microsatellite analyses identified three genetic subpopulations within småblank, each with an effective population sizeNeof a few hundred individuals. There was no evidence of reduced heterozygosity and allelic richness in contemporary samples (2005–2008) compared with historical samples (1955–56 and 1978–79). However, there was a reduction in genetic differentiation between sampling localities over time.SNPdata supported the differentiation of småblank into subpopulations and revealed downstream asymmetric gene flow between subpopulations. In spite of this, genetic variation was not higher in the lower than in the upper areas. The meta‐population structure of småblank probably maintains genetic variation better than one panmictic population would do, as long as gene flow among subpopulations is maintained. Småblank is a unique endemic island population of Atlantic salmon. It is in a precarious situation due to a variety of anthropogenic impacts on its restricted habitat area. Thus, maintaining population size and avoiding further habitat fragmentation are important.
A Heterobimetallic FeIIIMnII Complex of an Unsymmetrical Dinucleating Ligand: A Structural and Functional Model Complex for the Active Site of Purple Acid Phosphatase of Sweet Potato
Authors: Das Biswanath , Daver Henrik , Singh Amrendra , Singh Reena , Haukka Matti , Demeshko Serhiy , Meyer Franc , Lisensky George , Jarenmark Martin , Himo Fahmi , Nordlander Ebbe 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe heterodinuclear mixed‐valence complex [FeMn(ICIMP)(OAc)2Cl] (1) {H2ICIMP = 2‐(N‐carboxylmethyl)‐[N‐(N‐methylimidazolyl‐2‐methyl)aminomethyl]‐[6‐(N‐isopropylmethyl)‐[N‐(N‐methylimidazolyl‐2‐methyl)]aminomethyl‐4‐methylphenol], an unsymmetrical N4O2 donor ligand} has been synthesized and fully characterized by several spectroscopic techniques as well as by X‐ray crystallography. The crystal structure of the complex reveals that both metal centers in 1 are six‐coordinate with the chloride ion occupying the sixth coordination site of the MnII ion. The phenoxide moiety of the ICIMP ligand and both acetate ligands bridge the two metal ions of the complex. Mössbauer spectroscopy shows that the iron ion in 1 is high‐spin FeIII. Two quasi‐reversible redox reactions for the complex, attributed to the FeIIIMnII/FeIIMnII (at –0.67 V versus Fc/Fc+) and FeIIIMnII/FeIIIMnIII (at 0.84 V), were observed by means of cyclic voltammetry. Complex 1, with an FeIII–MnII distance of 3.58 Å, may serve as a model for the mixed‐valence oxidation state of purple acid phosphatase from sweet potato. The capability of the complex to effect organophosphate hydrolysis (phosphatase activity) has been investigated at different pH levels (5.5–11) by using bis(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)phosphate (BDNPP) as the substrate. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the substrate coordinates to the MnII ion. In the transition state, a hydroxide ion that bridges the two metal ions becomes terminally coordinated to the FeIII ion and acts as a nucleophile, attacking the phosphorus center of BDNPP with the concomitant dissociation of the leaving group.
Structures Self‐Assembled from Anionic Graphene and Cationic Manganese Porphyrin: Characterization and Application in Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Kaplan Amir , Korin Eli , Bettelheim Armand 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCarboxylic‐rich graphene oxide (CGO) and MnIII tetrakis(N‐methyl‐4‐pyridinio)porphyrin (MnTMPyP) form self‐assembled leaf‐like structures. These were obtained through electrostatic and π–π stacking interactions, as indicated by the redshift of the metalloporphyrin Soret band throughout the pH range of 6–12. Voltammetry and XPS measurements confirmed that CGO does not significantly affect the chemical environment of the metal ion in MnTMPyP. However, the effect of CGO is apparent when determining by rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) voltammetry the ability of CGO‐MnIVTMPyP films to catalyze water oxidation and evolve oxygen. The amount of O2 evolved at pH 10 and 1.6 V versus Ag/AgCl is 50 % higher than that of MnTMPyP films. When used for the photoelectrochemical oxidation of water, CGO‐MnTMPyP films on iron/hematite foams exhibited substantial activity, as evidenced by the current density (0.54 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. NHE) and incident photons to current efficiency (IPCE; 9.0 % at 1.43 V vs. NHE) measured at pH 10.
Electrospun Polyaniline/Poly(ethylene oxide) Composite Nanofibers Based Gas Sensor
Authors: Li Changling , Chartuprayoon Nicha , Bosze Wayne , Low Karen , Lee Kyu Hwan , Nam Jin , Myung Nosang V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCamphor‐10‐sulfonic acid (HCSA) doped polyaniline (PANI)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) composite nanofibers with different compositions (12 to 52 wt.% of PANI) were synthesized by an electrospinning method and their properties including optical, electrical and sensing were systematically investigated. FT‐IR shows that an increase of IR absorbance ratios of aromatic CC stretching vibration of benzenoid rings of PANI to COC symmetric vibrational modes of PEO confirmed that the PANI content in nanofiber mats increased proportionally with increase in PANI content in electrospinning solution. The band gap of PANI was determined to be 2.5 eV using UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The electrical conductivities of the nanofibers increased with an increase in the PANI content in the nanofibers. Additionally, the sensitivity toward NH3 increased as the PANI content increased, but branched nanofibers reduced sensing response. The humidity sensitivity changed from positive to negative as the PANI content increased. The electron transport mechanism was studied by measuring the temperature dependence electrical resistivity. The negative temperature coefficient of resistance revealed a semiconducting behavior for the PANI/PEO nanofibers. The activation energy, calculated by Arrhenius plot, increased as the PANI content decreased. The power law indicated that electrons were being transported in a three dimensional matrix, and the longer hopping distance required more hopping energy for electron transport.
Embelin inhibits endothelial mitochondrial respiration and impairs neoangiogenesis during tumor growth and wound healing
Authors: Coutelle Oliver , Hornig‐Do Hue‐Tran , Witt Axel , Andree Maria , Schiffmann Lars M , Piekarek Michael , Brinkmann Kerstin , Seeger Jens M , Liwschitz Maxim , Miwa Satomi , Hallek Michael , Krönke Martin , Trifunovic Aleksandra , Eming Sabine A , Wiesner Rudolf J , Hacker Ulrich T , Kashkar Hamid 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn the normal quiescent vasculature, only 0.01% of endothelial cells (ECs) are proliferating. However, this proportion increases dramatically following the angiogenic switch during tumor growth or wound healing. Recent evidence suggests that this angiogenic switch is accompanied by a metabolic switch. Here, we show that proliferating ECs increasingly depend on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) for their increased energy demand. Under growth conditions, ECs consume three times more oxygen than quiescent ECs and work close to their respiratory limit. The increased utilization of the proton motif force leads to a reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in proliferating ECs and sensitizes to mitochondrial uncoupling. The benzoquinone embelin is a weak mitochondrial uncoupler that prevents neoangiogenesis during tumor growth and wound healing by exhausting the low respiratory reserve of proliferating ECs without adversely affecting quiescent ECs. We demonstrate that this can be exploited therapeutically by attenuating tumor growth in syngenic and xenograft mouse models. This novel metabolic targeting approach might be clinically valuable in controlling pathological neoangiogenesis while sparing normal vasculature and complementing cytostatic drugs in cancer treatment.
Mild expression differences of MECP2 influencing aggressive social behavior
Authors: Tantra Martesa , Hammer Christian , Kästner Anne , Dahm Liane , Begemann Martin , Bodda Chiranjeevi , Hammerschmidt Kurt , Giegling Ina , Stepniak Beata , Castillo Venzor Aracely , Konte Bettina , Erbaba Begun , Hartmann Annette , Tarami Asieh , Schulz‐Schaeffer Walter , Rujescu Dan , Mannan Ashraf U , Ehrenreich Hannelore 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe X‐chromosomal MECP2/Mecp2 gene encodes methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2, a transcriptional activator and repressor regulating many other genes. We discovered in male FVB/N mice that mild (~50%) transgenic overexpression of Mecp2 enhances aggression. Surprisingly, when the same transgene was expressed in C57BL/6N mice, transgenics showed reduced aggression and social interaction. This suggests that Mecp2 modulates aggressive social behavior. To test this hypothesis in humans, we performed a phenotype‐based genetic association study (PGAS) in >1000 schizophrenic individuals. We found MECP2 SNPs rs2239464 (G/A) and rs2734647 (C/T; 3′UTR) associated with aggression, with the G and C carriers, respectively, being more aggressive. This finding was replicated in an independent schizophrenia cohort. Allele‐specific MECP2 mRNA expression differs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by ~50% (rs2734647: C > T). Notably, the brain‐expressed, species‐conserved miR‐511 binds to MECP2 3′UTR only in T carriers, thereby suppressing gene expression. To conclude, subtle MECP2/Mecp2 expression alterations impact aggression. While the mouse data provides evidence of an interaction between genetic background and mild Mecp2 overexpression, the human data convey means by which genetic variation affects MECP2 expression and behavior.
The role of vegetation in the retention of fine sediment and associated metal contaminants in London's rivers
Authors: Gibbs Helen M. , Gurnell Angela M. , Heppell Catherine M. , Spencer Kate L. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTMany urban rivers receive significant inputs of metal‐contaminated sediments from their catchments. Restoration of urban rivers often creates increased slack water areas and in‐channel vegetation growth where these metal‐contaminated sediments may accumulate. Quantifying the accumulation and retention of these sediments by in‐channel vegetation in urban rivers is of importance in terms of the planning and management of urban river restoration schemes and compliance with the Water Framework Directive.This paper investigates sediment properties at four sites across three rivers within Greater London to assess the degree to which contaminated sediments are being retained. Within paired restored and unrestored reaches at each site, four different bed sediment patch types (exposed unvegetated gravel, sand, and silt/clay (termed ‘fine’) sediments, and in‐channel vegetated sediments) were sampled and analysed for a range of metals and sediment characteristics. Many samples were found to exceed Environment Agency guidelines for copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) and Dutch Intervention Values for Cu and Zn.At all sites, sediments accumulating around in‐channel vegetation were similar in calibre and composition to exposed unvegetated fine sediments. Both bed sediment types contained high concentrations of pseudo‐total and acetic acid extractable metal concentrations, potentially due to elevated organic matter and silt/clay content, as these are important sorbtion phases for metals. This implies that the changed sediment supply and hydraulic conditions associated with river restoration may lead to enhanced retention of contaminated fine sediments, particularly around emergent plants, frequently leading to the development of submerged and emergent landforms and potential river channel adjustments.High pseudo‐total metal concentrations were also found in gravel bed sediments, probably associated with iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) oxyhydroxides and discrete anthropogenic metal‐rich particles.These results highlight the importance of understanding the potential effects of urban river restoration upon sediment availability and channel hydraulics and consequent impacts upon sediment contaminant dynamics and storage. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rock slope instability and erosion: toward improved process understanding
Authors: Krautblatter Michael , Moore Jeffrey R. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTRock slopes in a range of environments are among the landscape elements most sensitive to climate change, the latter affecting rock mass properties, altering slope boundary conditions, and changing geosystem configurations. Major climate‐dependent influences promoting destabilization include stress redistribution with changing glacial ice extents, degradation of mountain permafrost, altered slope hydrology and weathering environments, loading and unloading due to deposition and erosion, and changes in the spectrum of magnitude and frequency of driving forces. In steep bedrock terrain, erosional processes control slope morphology by modulating rates of: (i) weathering in response to climate and pre‐disposition, (ii) rock slope retreat in response to magnitude and frequency of detachment, and (iii) channel incision or valley infilling in response to variable sediment supply. Modelling landscape evolution and anticipating natural hazards in these environments thus requires deeper insights into the processes driving rock slope instability and erosion. This special issue emphasizes new understanding of rock slope processes through a collection of manuscripts at the forefront of research in the field. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Saving two birds with one stone: using active substance avian acute toxicity data to predict formulated plant protection product toxicity
Authors: Maynard Samuel K. , Edwards Peter , Wheeler James R. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Environmental safety assessments for exposure of birds require the provision of acute avian toxicity data for both the pesticidal active substance and formulated products. As an example, testing on the formulated product is waived in Europe using an assessment of data for the constituent active substance(s). This is often not the case globally, because some countries require acute toxicity tests with every formulated product, thereby triggering animal welfare concerns through unnecessary testing. A database of 383 formulated products was compiled from acute toxicity studies conducted with northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) or Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) (unpublished regulatory literature). Of the 383 formulated products studied, 159 contained only active substances considered functionally nontoxic (median lethal dose [LD50] &gt; highest dose tested). Of these, 97% had formulated product LD50 values of &gt;2000 mg formulated product/kg (limit dose), indicating that no new information was obtained in the formulated product study. Furthermore, defined (point estimated) LD50 values for formulated products were compared with LD50 values predicted from toxicity of the active substance(s). This demonstrated that predicted LD50 values were within 2-fold and 5-fold of the measured formulated product LD50 values in 90% and 98% of cases, respectively. This analysis demonstrates that avian acute toxicity testing of formulated products is largely unnecessary and should not be routinely required to assess avian acute toxicity. In particular, when active substances are known to be functionally nontoxic, further formulated product testing adds no further information and unnecessarily increases bird usage in testing. A further analysis highlights the fact that significant reductions (61% in this dataset) could be achieved by using a sequential testing design (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development test guideline 223), as opposed to established single-stage designs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1578–1583. © 2014 The Authors. Published on behalf of SETAC by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
QoS‐driven spectrum sharing game in cognitive radio systems: a variational inequality approach
Authors: Poulakis Marios I. , Vassaki Stavroula , Panagopoulos Athanasios D. , Constantinou Philip 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCognitive radio (CR) technology aspires to the efficient usage of the limited and underutilised radio spectrum resources. Constituting a flexible and intelligent network, the unlicensed secondary users (SUs) may coexist with the licensed primary users (PUs), under the prerequisite not to disturb their communication. A spectrum interweave CR system is considered, where SUs coexist with a single PU pair in a fading environment. The SUs are allowed to transmit their data ‘peacefully’, only with the absence of PU's transmission, by exploiting spectrum holes of the licensed band. A quality of service (QoS)‐driven spectrum sharing scheme is proposed. Specifically, the problem of licensed spectrum sharing among SUs is formulated as a novel non‐cooperative game with a view of maximising the effective capacity of each SU that has specific delay QoS requirements, subject to the coupled constraint of the available bandwidth. Because this game constitutes a generalised Nash equilibrium problem, we apply the variational inequality framework to solve it. The variational solution is proven to be unique, and it is obtained through a distributed iterative algorithm. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through numerical simulations, and the results confirm the importance of incorporating the delay QoS factor in spectrum sharing studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.