bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure, importance and recording of therapeutic information in the medical record: a multicentre observational study
Authors: Tichelaar Jelle , van Unen Robert J. , Brinkman David J. , Fluitman Pieter H.M. , van Agtmael Michiel A. , de Vries Theo P.G.M. , Richir Milan C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesStructuring the diagnostic section of the medical record (MR) improves diagnosis and communication between doctors. However, little is known about the therapeutic section of the MR. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the extent to which MRs are structured for therapeutic information, to determine which therapeutic data registrars and clinical consultants consider should be recorded in the MR and to what extent registrars record this information themselves.MethodsA multicentre observational study was carried out in the internal medicine outpatient clinics of five teaching hospitals in the Netherlands. Preformatted structure, importance and actual recording of therapeutic information was compared with a reference list of 35 therapeutic items based on the WHO Guide to Good Prescribing (e.g. drug name, indication for drug).ResultsThe preformatted structure of four paper MRs and one electronic MR was assessed. Eight of the 35 therapeutic items were listed in the paper MRs and 18 items in the electronic MR. Registrars and consultants agreed on the importance of recording most of the therapeutic items in the MR, 25 and 27 out of the 35 items, respectively; however, registrars recorded only 11 of the 35 items in the paper MR and 20 of the 35 items in the electronic MR.ConclusionsThe structure and content of paper and electronic MRs are not adequate. While both registrars and consultants agree on the importance of recording therapeutic items in the MR, registrars fail to record most of this information in practice. The results of this study can be used as starting point for the discussion regarding the necessity of structured recording of therapeutic information in the MR and its possible benefits with regard to medication safety and training of the new generation of prescribers.
Developing a simulation‐optimisation model for quantitative and qualitative control of urban run‐off using best management practices
Authors: Behroozi A. , Niksokhan M.H. , Nazariha M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe management of urban run‐off is considered a success when the issues of flood and pollution are properly addressed. Flood can be controlled by reduction of peak flows and by treating polluted run‐off. Best management practices (BMPs) are important tools for reducing pollutants and run‐offs. Location of BMPs is an important factor in determining their optimum arrangement. In this paper, based on simulation‐optimisation model, a methodology has been proposed to select proper BMPs with optimum arrangements. Quality and quantity of water flow in urban area were modelled, using Storm Water Management Model. Multi objective particle swarm optimisation was also used to reach the BMP layouts so that the peak flow and pollutant concentration can be effectively minimised. The proposed methodology was developed for district number 10 of Tehran municipality. The results showed that the proposed methodology could lead to an improvement in quantity and quality of run‐off. For example, different combination of 32 BMPs led to a decrease in peak flow for 2, 5 and 10‐year return periods as much as 10%, 21%, and 13%, respectively, while the combination of 45 BMPs decreased the total suspended solids mean concentration for 2, 5 and 10‐year return periods as much as 50%, 57%, and 59%, respectively.
A method for the evaluation of thousands of automated 3D stem cell segmentations
Authors: BAJCSY P. , SIMON M. , FLORCZYK S.J. , SIMON C.G. , JUBA D. , BRADY M.C. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThere is no segmentation method that performs perfectly with any dataset in comparison to human segmentation. Evaluation procedures for segmentation algorithms become critical for their selection. The problems associated with segmentation performance evaluations and visual verification of segmentation results are exaggerated when dealing with thousands of three‐dimensional (3D) image volumes because of the amount of computation and manual inputs needed.We address the problem of evaluating 3D segmentation performance when segmentation is applied to thousands of confocal microscopy images (z‐stacks). Our approach is to incorporate experimental imaging and geometrical criteria, and map them into computationally efficient segmentation algorithms that can be applied to a very large number of z‐stacks. This is an alternative approach to considering existing segmentation methods and evaluating most state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. We designed a methodology for 3D segmentation performance characterization that consists of design, evaluation and verification steps. The characterization integrates manual inputs from projected surrogate ‘ground truth’ of statistically representative samples and from visual inspection into the evaluation. The novelty of the methodology lies in (1) designing candidate segmentation algorithms by mapping imaging and geometrical criteria into algorithmic steps, and constructing plausible segmentation algorithms with respect to the order of algorithmic steps and their parameters, (2) evaluating segmentation accuracy using samples drawn from probability distribution estimates of candidate segmentations and (3) minimizing human labour needed to create surrogate ‘truth’ by approximating z‐stack segmentations with 2D contours from three orthogonal z‐stack projections and by developing visual verification tools.We demonstrate the methodology by applying it to a dataset of 1253 mesenchymal stem cells. The cells reside on 10 different types of biomaterial scaffolds, and are stained for actin and nucleus yielding 128 460 image frames (on average, 125 cells/scaffold × 10 scaffold types × 2 stains × 51 frames/cell). After constructing and evaluating six candidates of 3D segmentation algorithms, the most accurate 3D segmentation algorithm achieved an average precision of 0.82 and an accuracy of 0.84 as measured by the Dice similarity index where values greater than 0.7 indicate a good spatial overlap. A probability of segmentation success was 0.85 based on visual verification, and a computation time was 42.3 h to process all z‐stacks. While the most accurate segmentation technique was 4.2 times slower than the second most accurate algorithm, it consumed on average 9.65 times less memory per z‐stack segmentation.
Oral health‐related quality of life and complications after treatment with partial removable dental prosthesis
Authors: Al‐Imam H. , Özhayat E. B. , Benetti A. R. , Pedersen A. M. L. , Gotfredsen K. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe aims of this study were to measure and describe the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and to identify the complications caused by partial removable dental prosthesis (RDPs) in patients 1–5 years after treatment. Complications were identified in 65 patients who were treated with 83 RDPs (48 upper, 35 lower). OHRQoL was measured using the OHIP‐49 before treatment and at the baseline (1–2 months after treatment) and follow‐up (1–5 years after treatment) examinations. The types and numbers of oral problems that were experienced were described based on OHIP items with a score of 3 and 4. A significant improvement (P < 0·05) in the total OHIP‐49 was registered from pre‐treatment (mean 42, SD ± 37) to baseline (mean 29, SD ± 27) and from pre‐treatment to 1–5 years after treatment (mean 32, SD ± 30). There was no significant difference between the baseline and 1‐ to 5‐year follow‐up examinations. Problems with eating and appearance registered at pre‐treatment were improved at baseline and after 1–5 years. Problems with dentures that had been registered pre‐treatment were improved at baseline but reoccurred after 1–5 years. The two most frequent complications were ill‐fitting RDPs and inflammation of the oral mucosa, followed less frequently by fractures of the clasps. Treatment with RDPs improved OHRQoL, but denture‐related problems partly remained, and new problems related to RDPs occurred 1–5 years after treatment. The two most frequent complications were ill‐fitting RDPs and inflammation of the oral mucosa.
Coping orientation and psychological distress in healthcare professionals: The utility of appraising coping acceptability
Authors: Morimoto Hiroshi , Shimada Hironori , Tanaka Hideki 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine interaction effects of healthcare professionals' coping orientation (i.e., engagement versus disengagement) and appraisal of coping acceptability (ACA) on psychological distress, taking into account the individuals' job specificity and the psychological climate in their work environment. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted, and Japanese healthcare professionals (N = 189; 117 female; mean age: 40.1 ± 11.2 years) reported the coping strategies that they employed for task‐related or interpersonal stressors, their cognitive appraisal of the stressors, their ACA, and the psychological distress evoked by the stressors. The results showed that adding consideration of the ACA to the variable of coping orientation significantly improved predictions of psychological distress for both task and interpersonal stressors. There was no significant interaction between the coping orientation and the use of coping strategies that incorporated the ACA. These results suggest that considering the ACA, in addition to the coping orientation, would be useful for understanding individual differences in the mediators of healthcare professionals' coping in stressful situations.
Development of Japanese version of the long‐term mating orientation scale (LTMO‐J)
Authors: Kawamoto Tetsuya 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to validate the 7‐item long‐term mating orientation scale (LTMO) as translated into Japanese. Two samples of Japanese adults (N = 2000; 50.0% male; Mage = 40.9 for the first survey; N = 300; 54.7% male; Mage = 42.4 for the second survey) completed a web‐based questionnaire, including the Japanese translation of the LTMO. The results showed that the psychometric properties of the Japanese LTMO scale were comparable to those of the original English version. The scale had adequate reliability based on Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω. Convergent validity was demonstrated by the correlation between the LTMO scores and related variables: human life history strategies, short‐term sociosexual orientation, attitude to infidelity, romantic attachment style, and so on. The translated scale provides a valid and reliable instrument in Japanese that measures human mating strategy.
Pharmacokinetic study of enrofloxacin in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single oral administration in medicated feed
Authors: Teles J. A. , Castello Branco L. C. , Del Bianchi M. , Pilarski F. , Reyes F. G. R. 
Published: August 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the disposition kinetics of enrofloxacin (ENR) in the plasma and its distribution in the muscle tissue of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg body weight via medicated feed. The fish were kept at a temperature between 28 and 30 °C. The collection period was between 30 min and 120 h after administration of the drug. The samples were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC‐FLD). The ENR was slowly absorbed and eliminated from the plasma (Cmax = 1.24 ± 0.37 μg/mL; Tmax = 8 h; T1/2Ke = 19.36 h). ENR was efficiently distributed in the muscle tissue and reached maximum values (2.17 ± 0.74 μg/g) after 8 h. Its metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIP), was detected and quantified in the plasma (0.004 ± 0.005 μg/mL) and muscle (0.01 ± 0.011 μg/g) for up to 48 h. After oral administration, the mean concentration of ENR in the plasma was well above the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50) for most bacteria already isolated from fish except for Streptococcus spp. This way the dose used in this study allowed for concentrations in the blood to treat the diseases of tilapia.
Phylogeographic inference using Bayesian model comparison across a fragmented chorus frog species complex
Authors: Barrow Lisa N. , Bigelow Alyssa T. , Phillips Christopher A. , Lemmon Emily Moriarty 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFragmented species complexes provide an interesting system for investigating biogeographic history and the present distribution of genetic variation. Recent advances in sequencing technology and statistical phylogeography enable the collection and rigorous analysis of large multilocus data sets, but designing studies that produce meaningful phylogeographic inferences remains challenging. We implemented a Bayesian model comparison approach to investigate previous biogeographic hypotheses while simultaneously inferring the presence of genetic structure in a chorus frog species complex. The Illinois chorus frog (Pseudacris illinoensis), originally described as a subspecies of the broadly distributed Strecker's chorus frog (Pseudacris streckeri), occurs in small, disjunct regions associated with scarce sand prairie habitats that have been impacted by human development. We used high‐throughput sequencing to develop and collect a multitiered genetic data set comprised of three different marker types (23 anonymous nuclear sequence loci, four mitochondrial genes and 14 microsatellite loci) designed to address questions across different evolutionary timescales. Phylogenetic analyses uncovered a deep divergence between populations in the Edwards Plateau of central Texas and all other P. streckeri/P. illinoensis populations, but suggest the disjunct distribution of P. illinoensis occurred more recently. Our best‐supported migration model is consistent with the hypothesis that central Texas represented a refugium from which populations expanded via multiple routes. This model also indicates that disjunct northern and southern regions of P. illinoensis should be considered genetically distinct management units. Our study provides an evolutionary context for future studies and conservation efforts in P. illinoensis and demonstrates the utility of model‐based approaches for phylogeographic inference.
Evolutionary suppression of erythropoiesis via the modulation of TGF‐β signalling in an Antarctic icefish
Authors: Xu Qianghua , Cai Chang , Hu Xingxing , Liu Yun , Guo Yanan , Hu Peng , Chen Zuozhou , Peng Sihua , Zhang Dongsheng , Jiang Shouwen , Wu Zhichao , Chan Jiulin , Chen Liangbiao 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Antarctic icefish, a family (Channichthyidae) of teleosts within the perciform suborder Notothenioidei, are the only known vertebrates without oxygen‐transporting haemoglobins and that are largely devoid of circulating erythrocytes. To elucidate the evo‐devo mechanisms underpinning the suppressed erythropoiesis in the icefish, we conducted comparative studies on the transcriptomes and microRNAomes of the primary haematopoietic tissues between an icefish (Chionodraco hamatus) and two red‐blooded notothenioids (Trematomus bernacchii and Gymnodraco acuticeps). We identified substantial remodelling of the haematopoietic programs in the icefish through which erythropoiesis is selectively suppressed. Experimental verification showed that erythropoietic suppression in the icefish may be attributable to the upregulation of TGF‐β signalling, which coincides with reductions in multiple transcription factors essential for erythropoiesis and the upregulation of hundreds of microRNAs, the majority (> 80%) of which potentially target erythropoiesis regulating factors. Of the six microRNAs selected for verification, three miRNAs (miR‐152, miR‐1388 and miR‐16b) demonstrated suppressive functions on GATA1 and ALAS2, which are two factors important for erythroid differentiation, resulting in reduced numbers of erythroids in microinjected zebra fish embryos. Codon substitution analyses of the genes of the TGF‐β superfamily revealed signs of positive selection in TGF‐β1 and endoglin in the lineages leading to Antarctic notothenioids. Both genes are previously known to function in erythropoietic suppression. These findings implied a general trend of erythropoietic suppression in the cold‐adapted notothenioid lineages through evolutionary modulation of the multi‐functional TGF‐β signalling pathway. This trend is more pronounced in the haemoglobin‐less icefish, which may pre‐emptively hinder the otherwise defective erythroids from production.
Job dissatisfaction and burnout of nurses in Hunan, China: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Zhou Wenjuan , He Guoping , Wang Honghong , He Ying , Yuan Qun , Liu Dan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this study, we focused on measuring levels of nurse burnout and job dissatisfaction in the daily practice of nurses in Hunan province, China, analyzed factors related to nurse burnout and job dissatisfaction, and explored the relationship between them. Previous studies have shown a high level of burnout and job dissatisfaction among nurses worldwide. A cross‐sectional survey of 1100 nurses was conducted. The nurses worked at 20 hospitals in 11 cities and counties throughout China's Hunan province. Nurse burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Nurse‐rated job dissatisfaction was described using a four point scale, and work environment was measured using the Nursing Work Index – Practice Environment Scale. The results showed that nurses had high burnout scores and were dissatisfied with their jobs. Staffing, work environment, and work hours were all significantly associated with nurse burnout and job dissatisfaction. Adequate staffing, improved work environment, and reasonable work hours are related to decreasing nurse burnout and job dissatisfaction.
The genetic architecture of petal number in Cardamine hirsuta
Authors: Pieper Bjorn , Monniaux Marie , Hay Angela 
Published: August 2015

Summary

Invariant petal number is a characteristic of most flowers and is generally robust to genetic and environmental variation. We took advantage of the natural variation found in Cardamine hirsuta petal number to investigate the genetic basis of this trait in a case where robustness was lost during evolution.

We used quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to characterize the genetic architecture of petal number.

Αverage petal number showed transgressive variation from zero to four petals in five C. hirsuta mapping populations, and this variation was highly heritable. We detected 15 QTL at which allelic variation affected petal number. The effects of these QTL were relatively small in comparison with alleles induced by mutagenesis, suggesting that natural selection may act to maintain petal number within its variable range below four. Petal number showed a temporal trend during plant ageing, as did sepal trichome number, and multi‐trait QTL analysis revealed that these age‐dependent traits share a common genetic basis.

Our results demonstrate that petal number is determined by many genes of small effect, some of which are age‐dependent, and suggests a mechanism of trait evolution via the release of cryptic variation.
Manipulating stomatal density enhances drought tolerance without deleterious effect on nutrient uptake
Authors: Hepworth Christopher , Doheny‐Adams Timothy , Hunt Lee , Cameron Duncan D. , Gray Julie E. 
Published: August 2015

Summary

Manipulation of stomatal density was investigated as a potential tool for enhancing drought tolerance or nutrient uptake.

Drought tolerance and soil water retention were assessed using Arabidopsis epidermal patterning factor mutants manipulated to have increased or decreased stomatal density. Root nutrient uptake via mass flow was monitored under differing plant watering regimes using nitrogen‐15 (15N) isotope and mass spectrometry.

Plants with less than half of their normal complement of stomata, and correspondingly reduced levels of transpiration, conserve soil moisture and are highly drought tolerant but show little or no reduction in shoot nitrogen concentrations especially when water availability is restricted. By contrast, plants with over twice the normal density of stomata have a greater capacity for nitrogen uptake, except when water availability is restricted.

We demonstrate the possibility of producing plants with reduced transpiration which have increased drought tolerance, with little or no loss of nutrient uptake. We demonstrate that increasing transpiration can enhance nutrient uptake when water is plentiful.
Progress and gaps in understanding mechanisms of ash tree resistance to emerald ash borer, a model for wood‐boring insects that kill angiosperms
Authors: Villari Caterina , Herms Daniel A. , Whitehill Justin G. A. , Cipollini Don , Bonello Pierluigi 
Published: August 2015

SummaryWe review the literature on host resistance of ash to emerald ash borer (EAB,Agrilus planipennis), an invasive species that causes widespread mortality of ash. Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica), which coevolved with EAB, is more resistant than evolutionarily naïve North American and European congeners. Manchurian ash was less preferred for adult feeding and oviposition than susceptible hosts, more resistant to larval feeding, had higher constitutive concentrations of bark lignans, coumarins, proline, tyramine and defensive proteins, and was characterized by faster oxidation of phenolics. Consistent with EAB being a secondary colonizer of coevolved hosts, drought stress decreased the resistance of Manchurian ash, but had no effect on constitutive bark phenolics, suggesting that they do not contribute to increased susceptibility in response to drought stress. The induced resistance of North American species to EAB in response to the exogenous application of methyl jasmonate was associated with increased bark concentrations of verbascoside, lignin and/or trypsin inhibitors, which decreased larval survival and/or growth in bioassays. This finding suggests that these inherently susceptible species possess latent defenses that are not induced naturally by larval colonization, perhaps because they fail to recognize larval cues or respond quickly enough. Finally, we propose future research directions that would address some critical knowledge gaps.ContentsSummary63I.Introduction64II.Emerald ash borer life cycle and host range64III.Mechanisms of ash resistance to emerald ash borer65IV.Nutritional quality and primary metabolites71V.Conclusions and future directions72Acknowledgements75References75
Translational genomics for plant breeding with the genome sequence explosion
Authors: Kang Yang Jae , Lee Taeyoung , Lee Jayern , Shim Sangrea , Jeong Haneul , Satyawan Dani , Kim Moon Young , Lee Suk‐Ha 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe use of next‐generation sequencers and advanced genotyping technologies has propelled the field of plant genomics in model crops and plants and enhanced the discovery of hidden bridges between genotypes and phenotypes. The newly generated reference sequences of unstudied minor plants can be annotated by the knowledge of model plants via translational genomics approaches. Here, we reviewed the strategies of translational genomics and suggested perspectives on the current databases of genomic resources and the database structures of translated information on the new genome. As a draft picture of phenotypic annotation, translational genomics on newly sequenced plants will provide valuable assistance for breeders and researchers who are interested in genetic studies.