bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Manured with the Starres”: Recovering an Early Modern Discourse of Sustainability
Authors: Mukherjee Ayesha 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe assumption that sustainability is a modern invention appears frequently, in nuanced forms, across historical and literary investigations of ecological change, resource management, and waste in the early modern period. What remains under‐investigated is the period's ethical and theoretical understandings of these issues as debates, which deployed complex oppositional rhetorical strategies and literary forms that underpinned the organization of knowledge and pragmatic measures. Sir Hugh Platt's experimental program of resource management carried out in a context of dearth in the 1580s and 1590s provides an important means for recovering an early modern discourse of sustainability in its own terms. The article uses this case study to demonstrate how the specificities of sustainable practices and their conceptual articulation can be recovered, and how such a focused and historicized approach raises key questions about the debating of ecological ethics in societies across time.
Modernism Meets Digital Humanities
Authors: Ross Stephen , Sayers Jentery 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis essay traces some of the ways modernism and digital humanities have converged of late. It covers some of the key modes in which that convergence has so far found expression: popular websites and mobile apps, issues of copyright, the production of digital scholarly editions, the practice of versioning, questions of scale, and geospatial techniques. We cite examples of productive convergences of modernist studies and digital humanities, and articulate the issues listed above with specific research and teaching projects. Our overview advances the basic argument that there are special affinities between modernism and digital humanities and that digital approaches afford some of the most promising lines of development for the ongoing expansion of the “new modernist studies.”
Gender and the Public Sphere in Habermas and Milton: New Critical Directions
Authors: Knoppers Laura 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis essay assesses the evolving field of feminist scholarship on Jürgen Habermas's public sphere theory, especially the move from critique to dialogue and recognition of the uses of the public sphere in opening up democratic debate and in interrogating the relations between public and private. While Habermas has proven equally useful and productive for formulations of the public sphere in John Milton's prose and poetry, Milton scholarship has largely separated out the analysis of a political public sphere of implicitly masculine readers from discussions of gender, the private sphere, and Eve in Paradise Lost. Examples of more recent criticism, however, indicate how bridging gender and the public sphere and breaking down binaries between public and private can open new conversations about women and gender in Milton's political prose and about the political resonances of Eve and Eden in Paradise Lost.
Influence of Smoking Dosage and Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease on the Incidence of Appropriate Therapies and Mortality in Patients with Structural Heart Disease and an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
Authors: KREUZ JENS , SKOWASCH DIRK , KAMRATH PHILIP , LORENZEN HENNING , TIYERILI VEDAT , LINHART MARKUS , NICKENIG GEORG , SCHWAB JÖRG O. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundSmoking is known as a relevant risk factor for severe cardiac morbidities and mortality. This study was initiated to explore the influence of smoking dosage and presence of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) on the incidence of appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) interventions and on mortality.MethodsPrior studies on patients equipped with an ICD suggested that nicotine consumption increases the risk of experiencing an appropriate ICD therapy. There is no substantial data regarding the influence of cigarette smoking dosage on overall mortality in such endangered patients.A total of 349 patients with structural heart disease, either coronary artery disease or nonischemic cardiomyopathy equipped with an ICD, were included. Every patient answered a questionnaire regarding his smoking status and performed a spirometry and body plethysmography.ResultsA total of 104 patients (30%) suffered from COPD. Fifty‐eight patients (17%) were “current smokers,” 196 patients (56%) were revealed as “former smokers,” while 93 (27%) patients were registered as “never smokers.” A total of 163 patients (47%) received at least one appropriate ICD intervention during follow‐up (median 48 ± 8 months). Twenty‐three patients died during this study (6.6%). There was no association of COPD with the incidence of appropriate ICD therapies or mortality. Smoking dosage revealed as a significant risk factor for both appropriate ICD interventions (hazard ratio [HR] 1.5 for 60 pack years [PY] P = 0.04) and mortality (HR 2.3 for 60 PY P = 0.02).ConclusionThis study demonstrates a dose‐related increased risk of smokers for appropriate ICD interventions and mortality. The results of this trail urge a strict nicotine abstinence, especially in patients with a structural heart disease undergoing ICD therapy.
Evolution of the rudist bivalve Agriopleura Kühn (Radiolitidae, Hippuritida) from the Mediterranean region
Authors: Masse Jean‐Pierre , Fenerci‐Masse Mukerrem 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe genus Agriopleura (Radiolitidae) is restricted to the Lower Cretaceous of the Mediterranean region, including the Middle East, and this rudist is apparently absent from the New World. Agriopleura underwent a size increase from late Hauterivian to mid‐late Barremian, matching Cope's rule, followed by a Lilliput phase in the early Aptian. The relative development of radial bands increased through time and represents a key evolutionary index. During its evolution, Agriopleura increased in species diversity and expanded geographically onto the European Mediterranean Tethyan margin from the late Hauterivian to Barremian, after which it disappeared from the region (pseudotermination). In the lower Aptian, after a Lazarus gap, the genus reappears in the southern Mediterranean Tethyan margin. Assuming that Archaeoradiolites is the direct descendant of Agriopleura, the disappearance of the genus in the mid‐Aptian was a pseudoextinction and this coincided with a major crisis of shallow carbonate settings and their associated biota. The definition of Agriopleura species is based on a set of qualitative and quantitative external and internal characters. Five species are recognized: three Barremian species, Agriopleura blumenbachi, the type species, A. marticensis and A. carinata; one lower Aptian species A. libanica; and a new species A. sequana restricted to the upper Hauterivian. Principal component analysis is used to test the distinctiveness of the species and the pattern of relationships of some of their key quantitative characters.
Evaluation of recombinant antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi to diagnose infection in naturally infected dogs from Chaco region, Argentina
Authors: Floridia‐Yapur N. , Vega‐Benedetti A. F. , Monje Rumi M. , Ragone P. , Lauthier J. J. , Tomasini N. , Alberti d'Amato A. M. , Lopez‐Quiroga I. , Diosque P. , Marcipar I. , Nasser J. R. , Cimino R. O. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryDogs are considered the main mammal reservoir of Trypanosoma cruzi in domiciliary environments. Consequently, accurate detection of T. cruzi infection in canine populations is epidemiologically relevant. Here, we analysed the utility of the T. cruzi recombinant antigens FRA, SAPA, CP1, Ag1 and a SAPA/TSSA VI mixture, in an ELISA format. We used a positive control group of sera obtained from 38 dogs from the Chaco region in Argentina with positive homogenate‐ELISA reaction, all of them also positive by xenodiagnosis and/or PCR. The negative group included 19 dogs from a nonendemic area. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating charactheristic (ROC) curve and Kappa index were obtained to compare the diagnostic efficiency of the tests. The SAPA/TSSA VI had the highest performance, with a sensitivity of 94·7% and an AUC ROC of 0·99 that indicates high accuracy. Among individual antigens, SAPA‐ELISA yielded the highest sensitivity (86·8%) and AUC ROC (0·96), whereas FRA‐ELISA was the least efficient test (sensitivity = 36·8%; AUC ROC = 0·53). Our results showed that the use of SAPA/TSSA VI in ELISAs could be a useful tool to study dogs naturally infected with T. cruzi in endemic areas.
Shrimp‐based livelihoods in mangrove silvo‐aquaculture farming systems
Authors: Bosma Roel H. , Nguyen Tin H. , Siahainenia Audrie J. , Tran Ha T. P. , Tran Hai N. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe paper reviews the following three types of mangrove‐shrimp systems: (i) integrated with canals between platforms planted with mangrove; (ii) associated having larger areas of water and a large mangrove area; and (iii) separated, with a dyke separating ponds from forest. The variations in shrimp yield of integrated and associated systems, that is, mixed systems, are attributable to water exchange, % water surface, primary production, stocking of post‐larvae, leaf litter fall and decomposition, species, cover and age of mangrove, and predators. Leaf litter from all mangrove species except Nipa palm adversely affect water quality. Leaf composition and decomposition rate vary between species; submersed leaves decompose faster. Low concentrations of decomposing leaves of certain species temporarily boosted shrimp growth. Shrimp yield has been found to be highest in ponds with 30–50% mangrove cover, but remained <400 kg ha−1 year−1, if not fed timber production peaked at 55% mangrove cover (about 10 m3 ha−1 year−1). Annual benefit–cost ratio was better in integrated systems than in associated systems, but one study found the reverse in a long‐term computation. An integrated mangrove‐shrimp farm of 4 ha may provide farmers with a decent livelihood in Vietnam, if contracts do not restrict recommended practices to keep water quality within the limits acceptable for shrimp. Separated systems, where mangroves are fully connected to open water, have more potential to contribute to ecological, economic and social sustainability. Enhancing the economic returns by capitalizing on ecosystem services through carbon credits and organic certification, will require support for initial investment and clustering of farms.
Systemic Levels of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CXCL8 Differ According to Age, Time Period and Season among Children Newly Diagnosed with type 1 Diabetes and their Healthy Siblings
Authors: Thorsen S. U. , Eising S. , Mortensen H. B. , Skogstrand K. , Pociot F. , Johannesen J. , Svensson J. ,   the Danish Childhood Diabetes Registry
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe mechanisms by which antigen‐specific T cells migrate to the islets of Langerhans in type 1 diabetes (T1D) are largely unknown. Chemokines attract immune cells to sites of inflammation. The aim was to elucidate the role of inflammatory chemokines in T1D at time of diagnosis. From a population‐based registry of children diagnosed with T1D from 1997 to 2005, we studied five different inflammatory chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5 and CXCL8). Four hundred and eighty‐two cases and 479 sibling frequencies matched on age and sample year distribution were included. Patients showed lower levels of CCL4 compared to siblings, but this result was not significant after correction for multiple testing. CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CXCL8 levels were highest in the most recent cohorts (P < 0.01) in both patients and siblings. A significant seasonal variation – for most of the chemokines – was demonstrated with the highest level during the summer period in both patients and siblings. In addition, there was a significant inverse relationship between CCL4 levels and age. When comparing patients and siblings, remarkably few differences were identified, but interestingly chemokine levels varied with age, season and period for the entire study population. Such variations should be taken into account when studying chemokines in paediatric populations.
A Class of Pseudolikelihood Ratio Tests for Homogeneity in Exponential Tilt Mixture Models
Authors: Ning Yang , Chen Yong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMixture models are commonly used in biomedical research to account for possible heterogeneity in population. In this paper, we consider tests for homogeneity between two groups in the exponential tilt mixture models. A novel pairwise pseudolikelihood approach is proposed to eliminate the unknown nuisance function. We show that the corresponding pseudolikelihood ratio test has an asymptotic distribution as a supremum of two squared Gaussian processes under the null hypothesis. To maintain the appeal of simplicity for conventional likelihood ratio tests, we propose two alternative tests, both shown to have a simple asymptotic distribution of under the null. Simulation studies show that the proposed class of pseudolikelihood ratio tests performs well in controlling type I errors and having competitive powers compared with the current tests. The proposed tests are illustrated by an example of partial differential expression detection using microarray data from prostate cancer patients.
Crustal structure beneath the central Tien Shan from ambient noise tomography
Authors: Gao Xing , Guo Zhi , Wang Wei , Wu Yuming 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThrough analysis of seismic ambient noise recorded by the GHENGIS array, we constructed a high‐resolution 3‐D crustal shear‐wave velocity model for the central Tien Shan. The obtained shear‐wave velocity model provides insight into the detailed crustal structure beneath the Tien Shan. The results obtained at shallow depths are well correlated with known subsurface geological features. Low velocities are found mainly beneath sedimentary basins, whereas high velocities are mainly associated with mountain ranges. At greater depths of ~43–45 km, high velocities were observed beneath the Tarim Basin and Kazakh Shield; these high velocities extend forward in opposite directions and tilt down towards the central Tien Shan to a depth of in excess of 50 km, most likely reflecting lateral variations in crustal thickness beneath the Tien Shan and surrounding platforms.
Lipid changes after leaf wounding in Arabidopsis thaliana: expanded lipidomic data form the basis for lipid co‐occurrence analysis
Authors: Vu Hieu Sy , Shiva Sunitha , Roth Mary R. , Tamura Pamela , Zheng Lianqing , Li Maoyin , Sarowar Sujon , Honey Samuel , McEllhiney Dedan , Hinkes Paul , Seib Lawrence , Williams Todd D. , Gadbury Gary , Wang Xuemin , Shah Jyoti , Welti Ruth 
Published: September 2014

SummaryA direct‐infusion electrospray ionization triple–quadrupole mass spectrometry method with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was employed to measure 264 lipid analytes extracted from leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to mechanical wounding. The method provided precise measurements with an average coefficient of variation of 6.1%. Lipid classes analyzed comprised galactolipids and phospholipids (including monoacyl molecular species, molecular species with oxidized acyl chains, phosphatidic acids (PAs)), tri‐ and tetra‐galactosyldiacylglycerols (TrGDGs and TeGDGs), head‐group‐acylated galactolipids, and head‐group‐acylated phosphatidylglycerol (acPG), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDGs), sphingolipids, di‐ and tri‐acylglycerols (DAGs and TAGs), and sterol derivatives. Of the 264 lipid analytes, 254 changed significantly in response to wounding. In general, levels of structural lipids decreased, whereas monoacyl molecular species, galactolipids and phosphatidylglycerols (PGs) with oxidized fatty acyl chains, PAs, TrGDGs, TeGDGs, TAGs, head‐group‐acylated galactolipids, acPG, and some sterol derivatives increased, many transiently. The observed changes are consistent with activation of lipid oxidizing, hydrolyzing, glycosylating, and acylating activities in the wounding response. Correlation analysis of the levels of lipid analytes across individual control and treated plants was used to construct a lipid dendrogram and to define clusters and sub‐clusters of lipid analytes, each composed of a group of lipids which occurred in a coordinated manner. Current knowledge of metabolism supports the notion that observed sub‐clusters comprise lipids generated by a common enzyme and/or metabolically downstream of a common enzyme. This work demonstrates that co‐occurrence analysis, based on correlation of lipid levels among plants, is a powerful approach to defining lipids generated in vivo by a common enzymatic pathway.
Understanding the effects of gamma‐irradiation on potassium levels in red cell concentrates stored in SAG‐M for neonatal red cell transfusion
Authors: Winter K. M. , Johnson L. , Kwok M. , Reid S. , Alarimi Z. , Wong J. K. L. , Dennington P. M. , Marks D. C. 
Published: September 2014

Background and ObjectivesRed cell transfusions, to paediatric patients, are often gamma‐irradiated to prevent transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease. This study measured changes in potassium and other in vitro parameters immediately following gamma‐irradiation of paediatric and full‐size red cell concentrates (RCCs).Materials and MethodsThe effects of irradiation on potassium release in RCCs stored in SAG‐M were investigated under three scenarios. In the first scenario, RCC < 5 days was split into paediatric packs, gamma‐irradiated and tested for potassium and haemolysis at 0, 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 h. In the second scenario, full‐size RCCs < 5 days postcollection were gamma‐irradiated and tested as for the paediatric packs. Thirdly, RCCs < 14 days postcollection were gamma‐irradiated and assessed at 6 and 24 h and 7 and 14 days. Each group contained paired controls that were not gamma‐irradiated.ResultsIn all situations, gamma‐irradiation resulted in a twofold increase in potassium concentrations after 24 h of storage, compared to matched unirradiated controls. This difference was detectable as early as 2 h postirradiation. Few differences were observed between control and irradiated RCCs in other key parameters, including ATP, 2,3‐DPG, haemoglobin, pH, glucose and lactate concentration.ConclusionGamma‐irradiation of RCCs significantly increased extracellular potassium. Irradiation of fresher RCCs results in lower potassium concentrations, which is less likely to lead to hyperkalaemia upon transfusion.
Dietary Intake, Eating Behaviors, and Diurnal Patterns of Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-Amylase Secretion Among Professional Young Adult Female Tennis Players
Authors: Filaire Edith , Massart Alain , Hua Jiewen , Scanff Christine Le 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:The aims of study were to examine the eating behaviors among 26 professional female tennis players and to assess the diurnal patterns of stress hormones through the measurement of awakening and diurnal profiles of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and cortisol concentrations.Methods:Eating behaviors were assessed through three questionnaires (Eating Attitudes Test-26; Eating Disorders Inventory 2; and Body Shape Questionnaire), food intake by a 7-day diet record, and menstrual status by questionnaire. Perceived stress scale and anxiety state were also evaluated. Saliva samples were collected at awakening, 30 min, 60 min, and 12 hr post awakening after 6-days’ rest.Results:Forty-six percent of tennis players presented Disordered Eating attitudes (DE) (n = 12) with a lower body mass index, and higher state anxiety as compared with the group without DE. No differences in the Perceived Stress Scale scores were noted. Mean energy intake, protein and carbohydrates intakes were lower (p > .05) in the DE group as compared with the group without DE. Although in both groups, sAA concentrations presented a decrease in the first 30 min after awakening, and then progressively rose toward the afternoon, DE players exhibited reduced concentrations of the sAA with a decrease in its overall day secretion. Moreover, they showed a higher overall day secretion of salivary cortisol and a higher Cortisol Awakening Response.Conclusions:These results suggest that the activity of the sympathetic nervous system is impaired whereas the cortisol awakening response is enhanced. The long-term consequences of these modifications on health remain to be elucidated.
Inhibition of Interleukin-1β Decreases Aneurysm Formation and Progression in a Novel Model of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Johnston William F. , Salmon Morgan , Pope Nicolas H. , Meher Akshaya , Su Gang , Stone Matthew L. , Lu Guanyi , Owens Gary K. , Upchurch Gilbert R. , Ailawadi Gorav 
Published: September 2014

Background—
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are common, but experimental TAA models are limited and the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is undetermined.

Methods and Results—

IL-1β protein was measured in human TAAs and control aortas, and IL-1β protein was increased ≈20-fold in human TAAs. To develop an experimental model of TAAs, 8- to10-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice (wild type [WT]) underwent thoracotomy with application of periadventitial elastase (WT TAA) or saline (WT control; n=30 per group). Elastase treatment to thoracic aortas resulted in progressive dilation until day 14 with maximal dilation of 99.6±24.7% compared with 14.4±8.2% for WT saline control (
P
<0.0001). WT TAAs demonstrated elastin fragmentation, smooth muscle cell loss, macrophage infiltration, and increased IL-1β expression. Next, TAAs were induced in mice deficient of IL-1β (IL-1β knockout) or IL-1 receptor (IL-1R knockout; n=10 each). Genetic deletion of IL-1β and IL-1R significantly decreased thoracic aortic dilation (IL-1β knockout=54.2±16.8% and IL-1R knockout=62.6±17.2% versus WT TAA=104.7±23.8%;
P
<0.001for both). IL-1β knockout and IL-1R knockout aortas demonstrated preserved elastin and smooth muscle cells with fewer inflammatory cells. Correspondingly, IL-1β and IL-1R knockout aortas had decreased inflammatory cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression. Separately, WT mice pretreated with either IL-1R antagonist anakinra (100 mg/kg per day) or vehicle alone (control) underwent elastase treatment. Pretreatment of WT mice with anakinra attenuated TAA formation (control: 99.2±15.5% versus anakinra: 68.3±19.2%;
P
<0.005). Finally, to investigate treatment of small TAAs, WT mice were treated with anakinra 3 days after TAA induction. Anakinra treatment in WT mice with small TAAs reduced aortic dilation on day 14 (control treatment: 89.1±18.6% versus anakinra treatment: 59.7±25.7%;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions—
Periadventitial application of elastase to murine thoracic aortas reproducibly produced aneurysms with molecular and histological features consistent with TAA disease. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of IL-1β decreased TAA formation and progression, indicating that IL-1β may be a potential target for TAA treatment.