bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Customer and employee co-creation of radical service innovations
Authors: Melton Horace , Hartline Michael D. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The study demonstrates that firms can effectively involve customers in new service development (NSD) to create radically innovative, high-performing new services. Prior research found no effect of customer involvement on radicalness in NSD programs, but the current study provides evidence that customer involvement in the design stage of NSD projects can increase the radical innovativeness of a new service.

Design/methodology/approach
– Surveys from 160 firms captured information on the development process, participants and outcomes of recent service innovation projects. Direct effect and mediation hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.

Findings
– Customer involvement in the NSD process increases the innovativeness of a new service when customers are involved in the design stage and when the influence is mediated by process complexity. Customer involvement in the development stage has no significant effect on service innovativeness. Process complexity also mediates the positive influence of frontline employee and cross-functional team involvement in the NSD process on service innovativeness.

Practical implications
– To produce radically innovative new services, managers should: focus on customer involvement in the design phase and build an understanding of how the customer creates value-in-context, and use a detailed but flexible development process and provide extensive opportunities for interaction of customers, frontline employees and cross-functional teams throughout the NSD process.

Originality/value
– The study draws on complexity theory to explain how a complex NSD process enhances participants’ creativity and learning and increases the innovativeness of a new service.
A view from the street: an exploratory study of consumer attitudes toward offshoring of professional services in the United States
Authors: Koku Paul Sergius 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The study aims to examine consumer attitudes toward offshore-outsourcing of professional services in the USA. It focuses on the services of accountants, attorneys and doctors to provide a framework for discussing policy and marketing implications.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study reviews a review of the literature on consumer decision-making under uncertainty and attitude formation, and a focus group study to examine consumers’ attitudes toward offshore-outsourcing of professional services.

Findings
– Contrary to reports in the popular press, this paper suggests that consumers do not have a generalized negative attitude toward offshore-outsourcing of all forms of professional services. While consumers do not mind offshore-outsourcings of the services of medical doctors and attorneys, they seem to be concerned about offshore-outsourcings of accounting or financial services. These results suggest that persons engaged in offshore-outsourcings of tax and other related services must re-strategize.

Research limitations/implications
– While the results of this study offer a window into the US consumers’ feelings about offshore-outsourcings of professional services, the results lack generalizability, as they are based on an exploratory study.

Practical implications
– Even though outsourcing has received a lot of media attention and some limited attention from academics, no study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, has specifically investigated US consumers’ attitudes toward offshore-outsourcings of professional services. Given the fact that the trend is growing instead of abating, a study, such as the current one, that investigates how consumers feel about the practice is not only timely but will also provide valuable information to managers for strategy reformulation and to lawmakers for regulation purposes.

Originality/value
– This paper, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is the first to specifically examine consumer attitude toward offshoring of the basic professional services – the services of doctors, accountants and attorneys.
Genome and proteome analysis of Pseudomonas chloritidismutans AW‐1T that grows on n‐decane with chlorate or oxygen as electron acceptor
Authors: Mehboob Farrakh , Oosterkamp Margreet J. , Koehorst Jasper J. , Farrakh Sumaira , Veuskens Teun , Plugge Caroline M. , Boeren Sjef , de Vos Willem M. , Schraa Gosse , Stams Alfons J.M. , Schaap Peter J. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryGrowth of Pseudomonas chloritidismutans AW‐1T on C7 to C12 n‐alkanes with oxygen or chlorate as electron acceptor was studied by genome and proteome analysis. Whole genome shotgun sequencing resulted in a 5 Mbp assembled sequence with a G + C content of 62.5%. The automatic annotation identified 4767 protein‐encoding genes and a putative function could be assigned to almost 80% of the predicted proteins. The distinct phylogenetic position of P. chloritidismutans AW‐1T within the Pseudomonas stutzeri cluster became clear by comparison of average nucleotide identity values of sequenced genomes. Analysis of the proteome of P. chloritidismutans AW‐1T showed the versatility of this bacterium to adapt to aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions with acetate or n‐decane as substrates. All enzymes involved in the alkane oxidation pathway were identified. An alkane monooxygenase was detected in n‐decane‐grown cells, but not in acetate‐grown cells. The enzyme was found when grown in the presence of oxygen or chlorate, indicating that under both conditions an oxygenase‐mediated pathway is employed for alkane degradation. Proteomic and biochemical data also showed that both chlorate reductase and chlorite dismutase are constitutively present, but most abundant under chlorate‐reducing conditions.
Early engagement with a Lead Maternity Carer: Results from Growing Up in New Zealand
Authors: Bartholomew Karen , Morton Susan M.B. , Atatoa Carr Polly E. , Bandara Dinusha K. , Grant Cameron C. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundTimely engagement in antenatal care improves maternal and child health outcomes and is an important element of healthcare performance measurement.AimsTo describe the timeliness of lead maternity carer (LMC) engagement and identify the factors associated with timely engagement.Materials and MethodsThe Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal study enrolled a diverse sample of pregnant women during 2009 and 2010. Timely engagement was defined as before ten weeks gestation. Independent associations of LMC type; maternal ethnicity, age, parity and education, and household deprivation with timely engagement were described using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOf the 6822 women enrolled, 6661 (98%) stated they had a LMC. Of these 6661, 6012 (90%) reported the time taken to engage a LMC. Eighty‐six to 92% of women engaged a LMC in a timely manner depending upon the estimate of gestational time used. Factors independently associated with delayed engagement were Māori (odds ratio (OR) = 0.59, 95% CI 0.44–0.80), Pacific (0.63, 0.46–0.86) or Asian (0.51, 0.39–0.67) ethnicity; first pregnancy (0.71, 0.58–0.88); age <20 years (0.62, 0.41–0.94); socio‐economic deprivation (0.69, 0.52–0.92); and LMC type being a hospital midwife (0.47, 0.38–0.60), or a combination of care providers (0.60, 0.42–0.90).ConclusionsTimeliness of LMC engagement in NZ is poorer for non‐European women, younger women, women in their first pregnancy, and women living in more socioeconomically deprived areas. Improving the timeliness of LMC engagement for these groups of women has the potential to reduce inequalities in maternal and child health outcomes.
Indications of lymphatic endothelial differentiation and endothelial progenitor cell activation in the pathology of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Loukovaara Sirpa , Gucciardo Erika , Repo Pauliina , Vihinen Helena , Lohi Jouko , Jokitalo Eija , Salven Petri , Lehti Kaisa 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposeProliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is characterized by ischaemia‐ and inflammation‐induced neovascularization, but the pathological vascular differentiation in PDR remains poorly characterized. Here, endothelial progenitor and growth properties, as well as potential lymphatic differentiation, were investigated in the neovascular membrane specimens from vitrectomized patients with PDR.MethodsThe expression of pan‐endothelial CD31 (PECAM‐1), ETS‐related gene (ERG), α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), and stem/progenitor cell marker CD117 (c‐kit) and cell proliferation marker Ki67 was investigated along with the markers of lymphatic endothelial differentiation (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)‐3; prospero‐related homeobox gene‐1 (Prox‐1), lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor [LYVE)‐1 and podoplanin (PDPN)] by immunohistochemistry. Lymphocyte antigen CD45 and pan‐macrophage marker CD68 were likewise investigated.ResultsAll specimens displayed CD31, ERG and α‐SMA immunoreactivity in irregular blood vessels. Unexpectedly, VEGFR3 and Prox‐1 lymphatic marker positive vessels were also detected in several tissues. Prox‐1 was co‐expressed with CD117 in lumen‐lining endothelial cells and adjacent cells, representing putative endothelial stem/progenitor cells and pro‐angiogenic perivascular cells. Immunoreactivity of CD45 and CD68 was detectable in all investigated diabetic neovessel specimens. PDPN immunoreactivity was also detected in irregular lumen‐forming structures, but these cells lacked CD31 and ERG that mark blood and lymphatic endothelium.ConclusionsAlthough the inner part of human eye is physiologically devoid of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic differentiation associated with endothelial stem/progenitor cell activation may be involved in the pathogenesis of human PDR. Further studies are warranted to elucidate whether targeting lymphatic factors could be beneficial in the treatment of patients with the sight‐threatening forms of DR.
Transparency in Research involving Animals: The Basel Declaration and new principles for reporting research in BJP manuscripts
Authors: McGrath John C , McLachlan Elspeth M , Zeller Rolf 
Published: April 2015

This article discusses the background to the need for change in the reporting of experiments involving animals, including a report of a consensus meeting organised by the Basel Declaration Society and Understanding Animal Research UK that sought to Internationalise guidelines for reporting experiments involving animals. A commentary on the evolution of BJP's attempts to implement the ARRIVE guidelines and details of our new guidance for authors is published separately (McGrath, 2014).This is one of a series of editorials discussing updates to the BJP Instructions to AuthorsLinked EditorialsThis Editorial is the first in a series. The other Editorials in this series will be published in the forthcoming issues. To view them, visit: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1476‐5381
An occupancy‐based quantification of the highly imperiled status of desert fishes of the southwestern United States
Authors: Budy Phaedra , Conner Mary M. , Salant Nira L. , Macfarlane William W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDesert fishes are some of the most imperiled vertebrates worldwide due to their low economic worth and because they compete with humans for water. An ecological complex of fishes, 2 suckers (Catostomus latipinnis, Catostomus discobolus) and a chub (Gila robusta) (collectively managed as the so‐called three species) are endemic to the U.S. Colorado River Basin, are affected by multiple stressors, and have allegedly declined dramatically. We built a series of occupancy models to determine relationships between trends in occupancy, local extinction, and local colonization rates, identify potential limiting factors, and evaluate the suitability of managing the 3 species collectively. For a historical period (1889–2011), top performing models (AICc) included a positive time trend in local extinction probability and a negative trend in local colonization probability. As flood frequency decreased post‐development local extinction probability increased. By the end of the time series, 47% (95% CI 34‐61) and 15% (95% CI 6‐33) of sites remained occupied by the suckers and the chub, respectively, and models with the 2 species of sucker as one group and the chub as the other performed best. For a contemporary period (2001−2011), top performing (based on AICc) models included peak annual discharge. As peak discharge increased, local extinction probability decreased and local colonization probability increased. For the contemporary period, results of models that split all 3 species into separate groups were similar to results of models that combined the 2 suckers but not the chub. Collectively, these results confirmed that declines in these fishes were strongly associated with water development and that relative to their historic distribution all 3 species have declined dramatically. Further, the chub was distinct in that it declined the most dramatically and therefore may need to be managed separately. Our modeling approach may be useful in other situations in which targeted data are sparse and conservation status and best management approach for multiple species are uncertain.
Impairments in musical abilities reflected in the auditory brainstem: evidence from congenital amusia
Authors: Lehmann Alexandre , Skoe Erika , Moreau Patricia , Peretz Isabelle , Kraus Nina 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCongenital amusia is a neurogenetic condition, characterized by a deficit in music perception and production, not explained by hearing loss, brain damage or lack of exposure to music. Despite inferior musical performance, amusics exhibit normal auditory cortical responses, with abnormal neural correlates suggested to lie beyond auditory cortices. Here we show, using auditory brainstem responses to complex sounds in humans, that fine‐grained automatic processing of sounds is impoverished in amusia. Compared with matched non‐musician controls, spectral amplitude was decreased in amusics for higher harmonic components of the auditory brainstem response. We also found a delayed response to the early transient aspects of the auditory stimulus in amusics. Neural measures of spectral amplitude and response timing correlated with participants' behavioral assessments of music processing. We demonstrate, for the first time, that amusia affects how complex acoustic signals are processed in the auditory brainstem. This neural signature of amusia mirrors what is observed in musicians, such that the aspects of the auditory brainstem responses that are enhanced in musicians are degraded in amusics. By showing that gradients of music abilities are reflected in the auditory brainstem, our findings have implications not only for current models of amusia but also for auditory functioning in general.
Life‐history characteristics of ide Leuciscus idus in the Eastern Baltic Sea
Authors: Rohtla M. , Svirgsden R. , Taal I. , Saks L. , Eschbaum R. , Vetemaa M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOtolith Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca profiles were used in parallel with age data to investigate the life‐history characteristics of ide, Leuciscus idus (L.) (n = 111), in the Väinameri Sea, West Estonia. Sr:Ca profiles were more variable and useful than Ba:Ca profiles. Flexible life‐history patterns were observed within and among the three study sites. Most of the individuals (72%) hatched in semi‐enclosed bays that are fresh water during spring spawning but are often flooded with brackish water during other seasons. The importance of lotic spawning varied among sites and was the highest (88%) in Matsalu Bay, moderate in Saunja Bay (33%) and lowest (0%) in Käina Bay. Young of the year emigrated from natal sites and entered the sea within the first summer; 95% did so during the first month post‐hatch. Juvenile ide undertook non‐spawning, freshwater migrations in the following spring; however, the reasons behind this phenomenon remain unknown. As the importance of lotic spawning has significantly decreased and multiple historically important ide spawning rivers lack anadromous runs altogether, it is suggested that actions should be taken to aid the recovery of those imperilled spawning stocks.
Substratum‐dependent responses of ciliate assemblages to temperature: a natural experiment in Icelandic streams
Authors: Plebani Marco , Fussmann Katarina E. , Hansen Dennis M. , O'Gorman Eoin J. , Stewart Rebecca I. A. , Woodward Guy , Petchey Owen L. 
Published: April 2015

Summary

Ciliate assemblages play a significant role in the microbial food web. The effects of environmental temperature on assemblage composition may be influenced by abiotic factors such as seasonality and disturbance, but the effects of temperature on ciliate assemblages found on different substrata have not been explored. Sandy bottoms and submerged rocks harbour dissimilar ciliate assemblages, and it might be expected that their ciliate assemblages will respond differently to temperature.

We studied how alpha diversity, beta diversity and total biomass of ciliate protist assemblages found on sandy bottoms and submerged rocks differed in 13 geothermally heated streams in Iceland whose mean temperatures range from 5 to 20 °C. We recorded number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and measured the size of cells in ciliate assemblages from both substrata.

Effects of temperature on natural ciliate assemblages were substratum dependent. On rock surfaces, both total ciliate biomass and alpha diversity declined with increasing temperature, and beta diversity increased with increasing temperature difference due to OTU nestedness (assemblages from warm streams being composed chiefly of subsets of the OTUs found in colder streams). In sandy substrata, however, ciliate assemblage composition was independent of temperature.

Substratum‐specific responses may be due to differences in mechanical disturbance, nutrient availability or exposure to invertebrate grazers. Rock‐surface assemblages may be more exposed to the flow and retain less nutrient than those of sandy substratum; thus, they may be more strongly resource limited and more responsive to direct effects of temperature on metabolism. Alternatively, rock‐surface assemblages may be more exposed to grazing by invertebrates, which intensifies with temperature.

Our study highlights the need to account for environmental context such as substratum type to fully understand the effect of temperature on microbial assemblages in streams. Future increases in global temperatures may affect fresh waters differently depending on their prevalent substratum. Those dominated by hard substrata may have their ciliate assemblages, and thus, food‐web structures and ecosystem functioning more strongly affected by warming relative to systems dominated by soft substrata.
The severity of wheat diseases increases when plants and pathogens are acclimatized to elevated carbon dioxide
Authors: Váry Zsolt , Mullins Ewen , McElwain Jennifer C. , Doohan Fiona M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWheat diseases present a constant and evolving threat to food security. We have little understanding as to how increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels will affect wheat diseases and thus the security of grain supply. Atmospheric CO2 exceeded the 400 ppmv benchmark in 2013 and is predicted to double or even treble by the end of the century. This study investigated the impact of both pathogen and wheat acclimation to elevated CO2 on the development of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Septoria tritici blotch (STB) disease of wheat. Here, plants and pathogens were cultivated under either 390 or 780 ppmv CO2 for a period (two wheat generations, multiple pathogen subcultures) prior to standard disease trials. Acclimation of pathogens and the wheat cultivar Remus to elevated CO2 increased the severity of both STB and FHB diseases, relative to ambient conditions. The effect of CO2 on disease development was greater for FHB than for STB. The highest FHB disease levels and associated yield losses were recorded for elevated CO2‐acclimated pathogen on elevated CO2‐acclimated wheat. When similar FHB experiments were conducted using the disease‐resistant cultivar CM82036, pathogen acclimation significantly enhanced disease levels and yield loss under elevated CO2 conditions, thereby indicating a reduction in the effectiveness of the defence pathways innate to this wheat cultivar. We conclude that acclimation to elevated CO2 over the coming decades will have a significant influence on the outcome of plant–pathogen interactions and the durability of disease resistance.
Salicylic acid deposition from wash‐off products: comparison of in vivo and porcine deposition models
Authors: Davies M. A. 
Published: April 2015

SynopsisObjectiveSalicylic acid (SA) is a widely used active in anti‐acne face wash products. Only about 1–2% of the total dose is actually deposited on skin during washing, and more efficient deposition systems are sought. The objective of this work was to develop an improved method, including data analysis, to measure deposition of SA from wash‐off formulae.MethodsFull fluorescence excitation–emission matrices (EEMs) were acquired for non‐invasive measurement of deposition of SA from wash‐off products. Multivariate data analysis methods – parallel factor analysis and N‐way partial least‐squares regression – were used to develop and compare deposition models on human volunteers and porcine skin.ResultsAlthough both models are useful, there are differences between them. First, the range of linear response to dosages of SA was 60 μg cm−2 in vivo compared to 25 μg cm−2 on porcine skin. Second, the actual shape of the SA band was different between substrates.ConclusionThe methods employed in this work highlight the utility of the use of EEMs, in conjunction with multivariate analysis tools such as parallel factor analysis and multiway partial least‐squares calibration, in determining sources of spectral variability in skin and quantification of exogenous species deposited on skin. The human model exhibited the widest range of linearity, but porcine model is still useful up to deposition levels of 25 μg cm−2 or used with nonlinear calibration models.
Characterisation of jellyfish protein films with added transglutaminase and wasabi extract
Authors: Lee Ji‐Hyun , Lee Ji‐Hyeon , Yang Hyun‐Ju , Won Misun , Song Kyung Bin 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe physical, optical, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of jellyfish protein (JFP) films with added transglutaminase (TGase) and wasabi extract (WE) were studied. Among the plasticisers, 30% sorbitol was the most desirable. The optimal physical properties of the JFP films were obtained when 15 U transglutaminase g−1 JFP was added. The incorporation of WE affected the physical properties of the JFP films. The tensile strength (21.68–35.25 MPa), elongation at break (10.85–13.25%) and Young's modulus (920.18–1278.9 MPa) of the films increased as WE concentration increased from 0.5% to 1.5%. The thermal gravimetric analysis results revealed that the thermal stability of the JFP films increased with increasing concentrations of WE. The inhibition zones against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes and antioxidant activity also increased as the concentration of WE increased. Thus, antimicrobial and antioxidant JFP films could be prepared by the addition of WE.