bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preface
Authors: Pessoa João Costa 
Published: March 2014

Knowledge of the chemistry and biochemistry of vanadium has increased enormously since the early 1980s, particularly that of vanadium(III), (IV), and (V). This led to remarkable developments in the understanding and recognition of the properties of vanadium compounds. A consequence of these new insights has been numerous applications of vanadium complexes ranging from therapeutics to catalysis and from new materials to green chemistry. Many of the more recent advances were presented at the 6th International Vanadium Symposium held 17‚Äì19 July 2008 in Lisbon, Portugal.The conference included 56 oral communications and 52 poster presentations. The following 12 papers are a selection from the oral communications presented. This conference attracted over 100 participants from 27 countries and 4 continents. The inorganic chemistry of vanadium, application of vanadium chemistry in catalysis and organic synthesis, and biological aspects of vanadium chemistry were discussed in invited lectures as well as in poster communications.The Vanadium Award, a prize first introduced at the 4th International Vanadium Symposium held in 2004 in Szeged, Hungary to recognize an outstanding contributor to the advancement of vanadium science, was awarded in 2008 to Prof. Toshikazu Hirao of the Osaka University, Japan, and his contribution is the first paper presented herein.The additional contributions that embody this issue are mostly papers covering aspects related to catalytic applications of vanadium compounds, including their use as functional models of vanadiumdependent haloperoxidases. Electron transfer in oxo and non-oxo vanadium complexes, the use of NMR to characterize the complexes, and synthesis of new polyoxovanadates are the subjects of other papers included.We look forward to the 7th International Vanadium Symposium to be held in Japan in 2010, where additional studies on the role of vanadium in life, the vanadium nutritional essentiality, vanadium toxicity, and vanadium therapy, as well as new contributions to the use of vanadium compounds in catalysis, including "green chemical" industrial applications, will certainly be presented.João Costa PessoaConference Chair
Soil organic carbon in Swedish spruce and pine forests – differences in stock levels and regional patterns
Authors: Stendahl Johan , Johansson Maj-Britt , Eriksson Erik , Nilsson Åke , Langvall Ola 
Published: March 2014

The selection of tree species is one factor to consider if we want to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere through forest management. The objectives of this study were to estimate the differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks under Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests and to examine causes of differences in the accumulation of carbon in the forest soil. Large-scale inventory data was used to quantify variations in SOC stock in relation to stand type and the accumulation of carbon for spruce and pine stands was analysed by simulation. Based on field data, the national mean SOC stock was 9.2 kg m in spruce dominated stands and 5.7Â kg m in pine dominated stands. For both species, the SOC stock, measured in the field inventory, increased significantly with increasing temperature, although at different rates. The SOC stock was larger for spruce under all temperature conditions, but the difference between species diminished with increasing temperature. The simulations indicated that the build-up of SOC over several rotations was 22% higher in spruce stands than in pine stands under similar environmental conditions. The main difference was found to be the greater input of harvest residues for spruce. Further, the simulations showed that ground vegetation contributed considerably more to the litter production under pine than under spruce. On sites where both Scots pine and Norway spruce are considered suitable, the latter should be selected if the aim of the forest management policy is to maximize the accumulation of SOC in the forest. Further, spruce is more favourable for SOC accumulation in areas with cold temperatures and on sites with low productivity.â2â2
Seedling survival and establishment in small canopy openings in drained spruce mires in Northern Finland
Authors: Hökkä Hannu , Repola Jaakko , Moilanen Mikko , Saarinen Markku 
Published: March 2014

A large proportion of drained spruce mire stands is currently approaching regeneration maturity in Finland. Traditional regeneration methods with effective site preparation and planting generally result in satisfactory seedling stands also in spruce mires. However, natural regeneration methods may be more appropriate in protecting watercourses and minimizing regeneration costs. We studied the survival of advance growth and establishment of new seedlings in small canopy openings that were cut at three different diameters in two experimental drained spruce mire stands in Northern Finland (Tervola and Oulu) in 2004. The number of seedlings was repeatedly surveyed from five small circular plots (one 10 m and four 5 m plots in size) located within the opening. Advance growth which survived the cutting and new seedlings were separated in the surveys. The density of advance growth was on average 9000Â ha after cutting, and it decreased by 30% during the five-year monitoring period (2006â2010) due to natural mortality. The number of new seedlings increased rapidly within the three years after cutting the openings. In 2010, 11 000â26 000 new seedlings ha in Tervola and 12 000â16 000Â ha in Oulu on average were observed. The size of the opening had no clear effect on the regeneration result. The proportion of birch of the new seedlings increased with time and opening size in Tervola. The results show that Norway spruce regenerates naturally in small canopy openings cut in mature drained spruce mire stands.22â1â1â1
A Design Methodology for Energy Harvesting: With a Case Study on the Structured Development of a System to Power a Condition Monitoring Unit
Authors: Burghardt Frederick L. , Waterbury Andrew C. , Paprotny Igor , Miller Lindsay M. , Minor Peter , Send Rafael , Xu Qiliang , White Richard M. , Wright Paul K. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A design methodology is proposed for electronic systems powered by energy harvesting. The methodology first considers the operating environment. It then evaluates the supply-side (the attributes of the harvester), the demand-side (the engineering application or load which receives and uses the converted power), and the power conditioning needed between supply and demand. A test case is presented in which the vibrations of an electromagnetic device are harvested, converted, and used to power a wireless sensor node. Such a node is being used for the condition based monitoring of manufacturing equipment.
Single-molecule spectroscopy of unfolded proteins and chaperonin action
Authors: Hofmann Hagen 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In the past decade, single-molecule fluorescence techniques provided important insights into the structure and dynamics of proteins. In particular, our understanding of the heterogeneous conformational ensembles of unfolded and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) improved substantially by a combination of FRET-based single-molecule techniques with concepts from polymer physics. A complete knowledge of the forces that act in unfolded polypeptide chains will not only be important to understand the initial steps of protein folding reactions, but it will also be crucial to rationalize the coupling between ligand-binding and folding of IDPs, and the interaction of denatured proteins with molecular chaperones in the crowded cellular environment. Here, I give a personalized review of some of the key findings from my own research that contributed to a more quantitative understanding of unfolded proteins and their interactions with molecular chaperones.
Effect of Rare Earth Yttrium on the Hot Ductility of Fe-36Ni Invar Alloy
Authors: Yu Y. C. , Liu H. T. , Chen W. Q. , Zheng H. G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe hot ductility of Fe-36Ni invar alloy doped with and without yttrium was investigated using a Gleeble-3800 thermal-mechanical simulator over the temperature range 850–1050 °C and the improvement mechanism of the hot ductility was analysed with a combination of SEM, EDS and OM. The results showed that Fe-36Ni invar alloy had a poor hot ductility below 1050 °C, which was mainly attributed to the presence of the grain boundary sliding and weak grain boundaries. The addition of 0.048% yttrium had a substantial improvement in the hot ductility of Fe-36Ni invar alloy over the whole testing temperature range especially at 950–1000 °C. At 850–900 °C, the improvement of the hot ductility was mainly associated with the grain boundary strengthening and the restriction of the grain boundary sliding because the addition of yttrium could reduce the segregation of sulfur at grain boundaries and refine the grain structure. At 950–1000 °C, the hot ductility was highly improved, which was owed to the acceleration and occurrence of dynamic recrystallization as a result of the refinement of the grain structure by addition of yttrium.
Implementing blended learning into the academic programs of Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Authors: Munir Ahmed R. , Prem Kumar D. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, India, is established by an Act of Karnataka State Legislature in the year 1996. Its mandate is to provide training and development in health sciences sector. This University has done pioneering work in the field of curriculum designing for all the health sciences courses offered by the affiliated institutions. In this regard, it has taken lead among all the health sciences universities in India. With student strength of more than one lakh, it has now become a necessity to explore all the possible technological options, so as to provide a comprehensive education to the students. In this context, a proposal has been submitted to the executive head of the University to implement the Blended Learning Program.
Cardiovascular disease in transsexual persons treated with cross-sex hormones: reversal of the traditional sex difference in cardiovascular disease pattern
Authors: Gooren Louis J , Wierckx Katrien , Giltay Erik J 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveThe incidence of heart disease increases with age, but is lower in women than in men up to 75 years. A protective effect of female sex hormones or, alternatively, acceleration in male heart disease by testosterone at younger ages, could explain this sex difference. In contrast with the above, male-to-female transsexual subjects (MtoF) treated with estrogens (+anti-androgens) show more cardiovascular pathology than female-to-male transsexual subjects (FtoM) receiving testosterone. Why MtoF suffer more frequently from cardiovascular disease than females is as yet unclear. The mode of cross-sex hormone treatment may be a factor, and, if so, it may need adaptations.Subjects and methodsStudies in transsexual people on the effects of cross-sex hormone treatment on surrogate cardiovascular risks and on clinical endpoints were reviewed. With regard to MtoF, a parallel was sought with men with prostate cancer, undergoing androgen deprivation and estrogen administration.ResultsExposure of FtoM to testosterone was not associated with a strong increase in cardiovascular events. Aging and pre-existing cardiovascular pathology contributed to the risk of cardiovascular disease in MtoF. Use of the synthetic biopotent compound ethinyl estradiol in a dose two to four times of oral contraceptives increased cardiovascular risk substantially. The route of administration of estrogens (oral vs transdermal) may have impacted on the risks.ConclusionMtoF should not be treated with oral ethinyl estradiol. Transdermal estrogens are probably safer than oral estrogens. Pre-existing cardiovascular risks should be taken into consideration when prescribing and choosing the type of estrogens in cross-sex hormone administration (oral vs transdermal). In addition, risk factors, as they emerge with aging, should be addressed.
Parental Death During Childhood and Subsequent School Performance
Authors: Berg Lisa , Rostila Mikael , Saarela Jan , Hjern Anders 
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVES:
Parental death during childhood has been linked to increased mortality and mental health problems in adulthood. School failure may be an important mediator in this trajectory. We investigated the association between parental death before age 15 years and school performance at age 15 to 16 years, taking into account potentially contributing factors such as family socioeconomic position (SEP) and parental substance abuse, mental health problems, and criminality.

METHODS:
This was a register-based national cohort study of 772 117 subjects born in Sweden between 1973 and 1981. Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze school performance as mean grades (scale: 1–5; SD: 0.70) and school failure (finished school with incomplete grades). Results are presented as β-coefficients and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:
Parental death was associated with lower grades (ORs: –0.21 [95% CI: –0.23 to –0.20] and –0.17 [95% CI: –0.19 to –0.15]) for paternal and maternal deaths, respectively. Adjustment for SEP and parental psychosocial factors weakened the associations, but the results remained statistically significant. Unadjusted ORs of school failure were 2.04 (95% CI: 1.92 to 2.17) and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.35 to 1.69) for paternal and maternal deaths. In fully adjusted models, ORs were 1.40 (95% CI: 1.31 to 1.49) and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.32). The higher crude impact of death due to external causes (ie, accident, violence, suicide) (OR: –0.27 [90% CI: –0.28 to –0.26]), compared with natural deaths (OR: –0.16 [95% CI: –0.17 to –0.15]), was not seen after adjustment for SEP and psychosocial situation of the family.

CONCLUSIONS:
Parental death during childhood was associated with lower grades and school failure. Much of the effect, especially for deaths by external causes, was associated with socially adverse childhood exposures.
Postconcussive Symptom Exaggeration After Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kirkwood Michael W. , Peterson Robin L. , Connery Amy K. , Baker David A. , Grubenhoff Joseph A. 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUND:A minority of pediatric patients who have mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) report persistent postconcussive symptoms. In adults, failure on validity tests, which help to detect exaggerated or feigned problems, is associated with symptom complaints. No pediatric studies have examined the relationship between validity test performance and symptom report. We hypothesized that children failing a validity test would report significantly more postconcussive symptoms than those passing.METHODS:Using a consecutive clinical case series design, we examined 191 patients aged 8 to 17 years seen for neuropsychological evaluation after mTBI. Participants were administered a validity test (Medical Symptom Validity Test; MSVT) and completed a graded symptom scale as part of a neuropsychological battery.RESULTS:A total of 23 participants (12%) failed the MSVT. The Fail group endorsed significantly more postconcussive symptoms than the Pass group, with a large effect size (P &lt; .001; d = 1.1). MSVT performance remained a robust unique predictor of symptom report even after controlling for other influential factors (eg, female gender, premorbid psychiatric problems).CONCLUSIONS:A subset of children who had persistent complaints after mTBI may be exaggerating or feigning symptoms. If such negative response bias remains undetected, errors in etiologic statements and less than optimal treatment may occur. Because the detection of invalid responding is well established in neuropsychology, clinical neuropsychologists should be incorporated routinely into clinical care for patients who have persistent complaints. To better control for noninjury effects in future pediatric mTBI studies, researchers should add validity tests to neurobehavioral outcome batteries.
Positive Definite Norm Dependent Matrices In Stochastic Modeling
Authors: Kuniewski Sebastian P. , Misiewicz Jolanta K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPositive definite norm dependent matrices are of interest in stochastic modeling of distance/norm dependent phenomena in nature. An example is the application of geostatistics in geographic information systems or mathematical analysis of varied spatial data. Because the positive definiteness is a necessary condition for a matrix to be a valid correlation matrix, it is desirable to give a characterization of the family of the distance/norm dependent functions that form a valid (positive definite) correlation matrix. Thus, the main reason for writing this paper is to give an overview of characterizations of norm dependent real functions and consequently norm dependent matrices, since this information is somehow hidden in the theory of geometry of Banach spaces
Timing of the Middle Miocene Badenian Stage of the Central Paratethys
Authors: Hohenegger Johann , Ćorić Stjepan , Wagreich Michael 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A new and precisely defined chronometric subdivision of the Badenian (Middle Miocene, regional stage of Central Paratethys) is proposed. This uses global events, mainly geomagnetic polarity reversals as correlated chronometric boundaries, supported by climatic and sea-level changes in addition to isotope events and biostratigraphic data. The Karpatian/ Badenian boundary lies at 16.303 Ma, at the top of Chron C5Cn.2n, which is near the base of the Praeorbulina sicana Lowest-occurrence Zone (LOZ). The Badenian/Sarmatian boundary is placed at the top of polarity Chron C5Ar.2n, thus at 12.829 Ma. In relation to three sea level cycles TB 2.3, TB 2.4 and TB 2.5 and astronomically confirmed data, the Badenian can be divided into three parts of nearly equivalent duration. The Early Badenian as newly defined here ranges from 16.303 to 15.032 Ma (top of polarity Chron C5Bn.2n). The younger boundary correlates roughly to the base of the planktonic foraminifera Orbulina suturalis LOZ at 15.10 Ma, the HO (Highest Occurrence) of the nannofossil Helicosphaera ampliaperta at 14.91 Ma (NN4/NN5 boundary) and the Lan2/Ser1 sequence boundary at 14.80 Ma. The subsequent Mid Badenian ranges from 15.032 Ma to 13.82 Ma; the latter datum correlates with the base of the Serravallian, characterized by a strong global cooling event reflected in the oxygen isotope event Mi3b. The main part of cycle TB 2.4 falls into the Mid Badenian, which can be subdivided by a short cooling event at 14.24 Ma during the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (14.70 to 13.82 Ma). The HCO (Highest common occurrence) of the nannofossil Helicosphaera waltrans at 14.357 Ma supports this division, also seen in the tropical plankton Zones M6 Orbulina suturalis LOZ and M7 Fohsella peripheroacuta LOZ that correspond roughly to the lower and upper Lagenidae zones in the Vienna Basin, respectively. The Late Badenian is delimited in time at the base to 13.82 Ma by the Langhian/Serravallian boundary and at the top by the top of polarity Chron C5Ar.2n at 12.829 Ma. The Mediterranean Langhian/Serravallian boundary can be equated with the Mid/Late Badenian boundary at 13.82 Ma. However, the Karpatian/Badenian boundary at 16.303 Ma, a significant event easily recognizable in biostratigraphy, paleoclimate evolution and sequence stratigraphy, cannot be equated with the proposed global Burdigalian/Langhian, and thus Early/Middle Miocene boundary, at 15.974 Ma
Early Sarmatian paleoenvironments in the easternmost Pannonian Basin (Borod Depression, Romania) revealed by the micropaleontological data
Authors: Filipescu Sorin , Miclea Angela , Gross Martin , Harzhauser Mathias , Zágoršek Kamil , Jipa Cătălin 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The Sarmatian sedimentary record of the Borod Depression (eastern Pannonian Basin) consists of a marine sequence with continental influence. The investigated section, located near Vârciorog, was biostratigraphically and paleoenvironmentally analysed. The micro- and macrofossil assemblages include dasycladaceans, characeans, foraminifera, molluscs, polychaetes, ostracods, crabs, bryozoans, fish and vertebrate remains, which are characteristic for a shallow marine setting with local transitions to continental facies. The microfossil assemblages are characteristic for the Elphidium reginum Zone and Mohrensternia Zone of the early Sarmatian (Serravallian). The succession of populations correlates with the sedimentological trend, allowing the separation of several genetic units. The relative sea-level changes and the progradational trend from the top of the section suggest active tectonics in the hinterland (Apuseni Mountains). The shallow seas surrounding the emerging islands (Apuseni Mountains) provided the connections between the Pannonian and Transylvanian basins during the early Sarmatian
Pilot study on agricultural pesticide poisoning in Burkina Faso
Authors: Toe Adama M. , Ouedraogo Mustapha , Ouedraogo Richard , Ilboudo Sylvain , Guissou Pierre I. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Epidemiologic data related to agricultural pesticide poisoning cases in Burkina Faso were collected. The study was carried out using retrospective (from January 2002 to June 2010) surveys conducted among farmers and healthcare centers. One hundred and fiftythree (153) pest control products were recorded during the survey and 56 active ingredients were identified. Out of the 153 pest control products, 49 (i.e. 32%) were authorized for sale in Burkina Faso. The main risk factors are socio-demographic characteristics of farmers, their low education level, and some attitudes and practices on using agricultural pesticides. Pesticide poisonings are relatively frequent and their management was not always efficacious. Actions are needed to reduce pesticide poisoning as a global public health problem and to improve management of pesticide poisoning. To this purpose, advanced investigations should be carried out over a longer period of time to complement the present pilot study
Relationship Between Energy Prices, Monetary Policy and Inflation; A Case Study of South Asian Economies
Authors:   Atiq-ur-Rehman
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Monetary policy tools, including money supply and interest rate, are the most popular instruments to control inflation around the globe. It is assumed that a tight monetary policy, either in form of reduction in money supply or an increase in interest rate, will reduce inflation by reducing aggregate demand in an economy. However, monetary policy could be counterproductive if cost side effects of monetary tightening prevail. High energy prices may increase the cost of production by reducing aggregate supply in the economy. If tight monetary policy is used to reduce this cost push inflation, the cost side effect of energy prices will add to cost side effects of monetary tightening and will become dominant. In this case, the monetary policy could be counterproductive. Furthermore, simultaneous reduction in aggregate supply and aggregate demand will bring twofold reduction in output. Therefore greater care is needed in the use of monetary policy in the situation of cost push inflation. This article investigates the presence of cost side effect of monetary transmission mechanism, the role of international oil prices in domestic inflation, and implications for monetary policy. The findings suggest that both monetary policy and oil prices have cost side effects on inflation and monetary tightening could be counterproductive if used to reduce energy pushed inflationary trend.