bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regular Exercise Throughout Pregnancy is Associated with a Shorter First Stage of Labor
Authors: Perales Maria , Calabria Irene , Lopez Carmina , Franco Evelia , Coteron Javier , Barakat Ruben 
Published: January 2015

Purpose. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of moderate physical exercise throughout pregnancy on the duration of labor stages. Design. Study was a randomized controlled trial. Setting. The study took place at Hospital Puerta de Hierro and Hospital Severo Ochoa in Madrid, Spain. Subjects. We examined 166 pregnant women (31.6 ± 3.8 years), and all had uncomplicated and singleton gestation. Of these 83 were allocated to the exercise group (EG) and 83 to the control group (CG). Intervention. Women from the EG participated in a physical conditioning program throughout pregnancy, which included 55- to 60-minute sessions, 3 days per week. Measures. Pregnancy outcomes were measured: duration of labor stages, gestational age, weight gain, type of delivery, birth weight, birth size, head circumference, Apgar score, pH of umbilical cord. Analysis. Student's unpaired t-tests and χ2 tests were used; p values of < .05 indicated statistical significance. Cohen's d was used to determine the effect size. Results. Significant differences were found in the duration of the first stage of labor (EG = 389.6 ± 347.64 minutes vs. CG = 515.72 ± 353.36 minutes; p = .02, effect size Cohen's d = .36). The second and third stages did not differ between the study groups. Conclusion. A physical exercise program during pregnancy is associated with a shorter first stage of labor. These results may have important relevance to public health.
The prefix “African” and its implication for philosophy in Africa
Authors: Segun ST 
Published: January 2015

Philosophy today is often regionalized unlike science and other disciplines. Thus we talk of Western, Eastern, American and African Philosophy. To speak or write philosophy within the ambit of the prefix “African” would elicit two major responses. First is the affirmative response which believes that indeed there exists some form of philosophy in Africa although distinct from Western philosophy in approach, procedure and methods but not in kind. The second is the denialist response which rejects vehemently the position of the former; in that they deny the existence of African philosophy independent of Western colouration. In other words, they do not believe that there exists any form of philosophy distinct from the Western idea of philosophy be it in approach or method. Within this frame certain problems arise such as the problem of interpretation or definition, the myth of unanimity and the problem of ethnophilosophy. The aim of this work thus is to understand the implications of the prefix “African” for philosophy in Africa. In this attempt, we uncover the subject of African Philosophy, its many possibilities, nature and interpretations. In understanding the implications of the prefix “African” for philosophy in Africa, the work avers that the affirmative response in modern times is an advocacy for what Chimakonam refers to as systematic African philosophy; and the denialist response to the subject is an outright rejection of the universal character of philosophy. For the laws of logic, the burden of axiology, the questions of metaphysics, the problems of sociopolitical philosophy and the concerns of epistemology all transcend geographical boundaries.Keywords: Affirmative, Denialist, Philosophy, African, African Philosophy, Ethnophilosophy, Systematic African Philosophy, Complementarity, Unanimity.
Proximal Drainage plus Massage of Lacrimal Sac Improves the Symptoms of Congenital Dacryocystoceles
Authors: Chen Lin , Fang Jing 
Published: January 2015

Purpose To examine the effect of proximal drainage plus lacrimal sac massage in patients with congenital dacryocystoceles. Methods A retrospective review of 77 patients was performed. Traditional massage was performed in the traditional treatment group (35 patients) first. Proximal lacrimal sac drainage plus massage of the lacrimal sac using a Bangerter lacrimal cannula (defined as modified massage) was performed in the modified group (42 patients). Probing was undertaken if the treatments failed in both groups. Success rates of decompression of lacrimal sac and recovery rate were observed. The χ2 test was used to compare the groups. Results Success rates of decompression of lacrimal sac were 100% in the modified group and 31% in the traditional group. In the modified group, 34 patients with 37 dacryocystoceles (80%) recovered with the modified treatment within 14 days. However, in the traditional group, only 11 patients with 12 dacryocystoceles (30%) had resolution after conservative treatment. The recovery rate of the modified massage in the modified group was higher than that of massage alone in the traditional group (p<0.001). As to the individuals receiving probing, 8 patients with 9 dacryocystoceles (100%) in the modified group were successful, while 18 patients with 21 dacryocystoceles (78%) in the traditional group had a satisfying effect. Conclusions Proximal drainage plus massage has the advantage of high efficiency and safety for the treatment of congenital dacryocystoceles.
Current use of Ultrasound for Central Vascular access in Children and Infants in the Nordic Countries – a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Olsen Thomas C. Risom , Rimstad Ivan Jonassen , Tarpgaard Mona , Holmberg Svante , Hallas Peter 
Published: January 2015

Purpose The use of ultrasound (US) guidance for central vascular access in children has been advocated as a safer approach compared to traditional landmark techniques. We therefore collected data on the current use of US for central vascular access in children and infants in the Nordic countries. Methods A cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire was distributed to one anaesthesiologist at every hospital in the Nordic countries; a total of 177 anaesthesiologists were contacted from July till August 2012. Results The use of US for placing central venous catheters (CVCs) seems widespread across the Nordic countries. Close to 80% of respondents were using it “almost always” or “frequently” across all paediatric age groups for internal jugular vein cannulation. US was least frequently used when catheterizing the subclavian vein. The two most common reasons given when not using US were lack of training followed by lack of equipment. We found no difference in the use of US between high-volume centres and low-volume centres. (High-volume centres placed paediatric CVCs at least weekly.) Conclusions US was commonly used for cannulation of the internal jugular vein but infrequently for the subclavian vein. A lack of training seems to be a barrier for further increasing the use of US. Establishing standardized training programmes based on current evidence should alleviate this.
MicroRNAs and the response to injury in atherosclerosis
Authors: Natarelli L. , Schober A. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryEndothelial cells (ECs) at arterial branching points are physiologically subjected to chronic damage by disturbed blood flow, which triggers a vascular wound healing response. Additional damage by hyperlipid -aemia perturbs this delicate balance of en-dothelial injury and regeneration, and the progressive accumulation of noxious modified lipoproteins leads to macrophage death. Several miRNAs such as miR-92a and miR-712, which modulate EC proliferation and inflammation, are up-regulated by disturbed flow in ECs, and contribute to atherosclerosis. In addition, reduced endothelial levels of miR-126–5p limit the regenerative capacity of ECs, which becomes apparent by insufficient endothelial repair under hyperlipidemic stress. In macrophages, miR-342–5p induces the expression of miR-155 during the progression of atherosclerosis, which promotes inflammatory gene expression and inhibits efferocytosis by targeting Bcl6, thus contributing to necrotic core formation. Deciphering the complex cell- and context-specific effects of miRNAs during vascular wound healing appears essential for the development of miRNA-based therapies of atherosclerosis.
La Transición española en 4.º ESO. Un estudio de caso de los significados.
Authors: Santiago Arnoso Borja 
Published: January 2015

La Transición Española es uno de los principales y más controvertidos acontecimientos de la España Contemporánea. La interpretación y significación de la transición a la democracia han cambiado con el tiempo y en el ámbito educativo esta cuestión se muestra especialmente relevante.El estudio de caso aquí presentado, reveló que la Transición se encuentra, por su cronología, relegada a un lugar postrimero del temario. La celeridad en su tratamiento, por el acuciante final de curso, repercute en la escasa crítica de un contenido centrado en los hitos más relevantes subsumiendo la problemática del proceso de la Transición.Como resultado, el imaginario social sobre la Transición de los estudiantes apenas se ve modificado pudiendo afirmar que el tratamiento del tema no fomenta el cuestionamiento de la Transición y consolida una construcción hermética e idealizada.
The Spanish Transition is one of the leading and most controversial events in contemporary Spain. The interpretation and significance of the transition to democracy have changed as time went by and this issue is particularly relevant in education.The study of case here presented revealed that the transition is, by its chronology, relegated to the last place on the syllabus. The speed in their treatment, due to the pressing ending of the year, has an effect on the limited criticism about a content focused on the most pertinent milestones subsuming the issue of the transition process.As a result, the students’ social imaginary about the Transition is barely modified and it can be safely said that the treatment of the subject does not encourage to question the Transition and consolidates an idealized and closed construction.
Intelligent 3D packing using a grouping algorithm for automotive container engineering
Authors: Joung Youn-Kyoung , Noh Sang Do 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Storing, and the loading and unloading of materials at production sites in the manufacturing sector for mass production is a critical problem that affects various aspects: the layout of the factory, line-side space, logistics, workers' work paths and ease of work, automatic procurement of components, and transfer and supply. Traditionally, the nesting problem has been an issue to improve the efficiency of raw materials; further, research into mainly 2D optimization has progressed. Also, recently, research into the expanded usage of 3D models to implement packing optimization has been actively carried out. Nevertheless, packing algorithms using 3D models are not widely used in practice, due to the large decrease in efficiency, owing to the complexity and excessive computational time. In this paper, the problem of efficiently loading and unloading freeform 3D objects into a given container has been solved, by considering the 3D form, ease of loading and unloading, and packing density. For this reason, a Group Packing Approach for workers has been developed, by using analyzed truck packing work patterns and Group Technology, which is to enhance the efficiency of storage in the manufacturing sector. Also, an algorithm for 3D packing has been developed, and implemented in a commercial 3D CAD modeling system. The 3D packing method consists of a grouping algorithm, a sequencing algorithm, an orientating algorithm, and a loading algorithm. These algorithms concern the respective aspects: the packing order, orientation decisions of parts, collision checking among parts and processing, position decisions of parts, efficiency verification, and loading and unloading simulation. Storage optimization and examination of the ease of loading and unloading are possible, and various kinds of engineering analysis, such as work performance analysis, are facilitated through the intelligent 3D packing method developed in this paper, by using the results of the 3D model.
Automated quality characterization of 3D printed bone scaffolds
Authors: Bill Tseng Tzu-Liang , Chilukuri Aditya , Park Sang C. , Kwon Yongjin James 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Optimization of design is an important step in obtaining tissue engineering scaffolds with appropriate shapes and inner microstructures. Different shapes and sizes of scaffolds are modeled using UGS NX 6.0 software with variable pore sizes. The quality issue we are concerned is the scaffold porosity, which is mainly caused by the fabrication inaccuracies. Bone scaffolds are usually characterized using a scanning electron microscope, but this study presents a new automated inspection and classification technique. Due to many numbers and size variations for the pores, the manual inspection of the fabricated scaffolds tends to be error-prone and costly. Manual inspection also raises the chance of contamination. Thus, non-contact, precise inspection is preferred. In this study, the critical dimensions are automatically measured by the vision camera. The measured data are analyzed to classify the quality characteristics. The automated inspection and classification techniques developed in this study are expected to improve the quality of the fabricated scaffolds and reduce the overall cost of manufacturing.
Efficient point cloud data processing in shipbuilding: Reformative component extraction method and registration method
Authors: Sun Jingyu , Hiekata Kazuo , Yamato Hiroyuki , Nakagaki Norito , Sugawara Akiyoshi 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
To survive in the current shipbuilding industry, it is of vital importance for shipyards to have the ship components' accuracy evaluated efficiently during most of the manufacturing steps. Evaluating components' accuracy by comparing each component's point cloud data scanned by laser scanners and the ship's design data formatted in CAD cannot be processed efficiently when (1) extract components from point cloud data include irregular obstacles endogenously, or when (2) registration of the two data sets have no clear direction setting. This paper presents reformative point cloud data processing methods to solve these problems. K-d tree construction of the point cloud data fastens a neighbor searching of each point. Region growing method performed on the neighbor points of the seed point extracts the continuous part of the component, while curved surface fitting and B-spline curved line fitting at the edge of the continuous part recognize the neighbor domains of the same component divided by obstacles' shadows. The ICP (Iterative Closest Point) algorithm conducts a registration of the two sets of data after the proper registration's direction is decided by principal component analysis. By experiments conducted at the shipyard, 200 curved shell plates are extracted from the scanned point cloud data, and registrations are conducted between them and the designed CAD data using the proposed methods for an accuracy evaluation. Results show that the methods proposed in this paper support the accuracy evaluation targeted point cloud data processing efficiently in practice.
Cu Aerogel with Low Density, High Purity, and Oxidation Resistance for Bright X‐Ray Backlight
Authors: Zhang Zehui , Xiong Jun , Xu Weiwei , Shen Jun , Fan Caide , Liu Yanfeng , Shi Tengyan , Zhou Bin , Du Ai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCu aerogel is an ideal material as the X‐ray backlight target in laser diagnosis experiments owing to its porous structure and K‐shell X‐ray emission spectrum. However, because of their poor formability and oxidation resistance, the preparation of pure Cu aerogels with nanoscale particles and pores is still difficult. In this study, a Cu aerogel is fabricated by reducing nanoporous Cu‐based aerogels and assembling Cu nanoparticles. Numerous pores ranging from 1 to 10 nm are present in the Cu aerogel, resulting in a spongy Cu aerogel for integral heating. Meanwhile, a metal passivation process is integrated into the fabrication process to prevent the oxidation of the Cu aerogel. The prepared Cu aerogel is then applied to the Shenguang‐II facility, improving integral heating when irradiated under high‐energy laser pulse irradiation. Compared with the high‐purity Cu foil reference target, the Cu aerogel target emitted nearly 18% more X‐ray energy on the K‐shell, and the noise in the L‐shell spectrum of Cu aerogel is largely restrained. These results indicate that the Cu aerogel is beneficial for the laser diagnostic experiments and essential for the X‐ray radiography in inertial confinement fusion experiments.
Self‐Encapsulated N‐Type Semiconducting Photoresist Toward Complementary Organic Electronics
Authors: Zhao Weiyu , Chen Renzhong , Zhao Lingli , Zhang Shen , Wang Xuejun , Chen Huajie , Liu Yunqi , Wei Dacheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSemiconducting photoresists hold great promise for scale‐up manufacturing of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) for integrated organic electronics. While photolithographic p‐type OFETs have achieved a considerable balance among patterning precision, electrical properties and process stability, it remains challenging for n‐type OFETs due to the inherent limited mobility and ambient instability. Herein, a n‐type semiconducting photoresist (SPr) is developed that is compatible with photolithography procedures. By utilizing the solvent‐driven force, a self‐encapsulated blend film with gradient semiconductor phase is prepared, where the underneath transistor active layer is protected by the upper cross‐linked network, avoiding solvent erosion and air doping. As such, a mobility up to 1.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 that is comparable with amorphous Si is achieved, with remained mobility by ≈90% after long‐term exposure to developer and stripper or atmospheric conditions. The sub‐micrometer patterning accuracy of SPr enables the fabrication of organic transistor arrays with a density of 9 × 105 units cm−1, which is comparable to other state‐of‐the‐art devices fabricated by the printing or photolithography, demonstrating immense potential in integrated organic electronics.
Engineering Facet‐Dependent Interface Charge Transfer in Liquid Metal‐Embraced BiVO4 Photoelectrodes for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Xiangtao , Zhen Chao , Li Jianjun , Qiu Jianhang , Li Na , Jia Nan , Liu Gang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCrystal facet‐dependent photogenerated charge transfer at the semiconductor/current collector interface of photoelectrodes is equally important compared to that at the semiconductor/liquid interface for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, which, however, is difficult to explore due to the rigid solid/solid interface in conventional photoelectrodes. Here, the facet‐dependent charge transfer at both semiconductor/liquid and semiconductor/collector interfaces in liquid metal‐embraced photoelectrodes is systematically investigated using faceted BiVO4 micro‐particles with different ratios of {110} and {010} facets as model materials. The results from the photo(electro)chemical and photophysical characterizations reveal that {010} facets outperform {110} facets at the semiconductor/liquid interface in triggering water oxidation due to the lower valence band maximum (VBM) of {010} facets, while {110} facets are more efficient at the semiconductor/metal interface for the collection of photogenerated electrons due to their higher conduction band minimum (CBM). Consequently, the photoelectrodes of liquid metal‐embraced BiVO4 particles exposing 53% {110} facets yield the best PEC performance for water splitting due to the well‐balanced photogenerated charge transfer at the interfaces of semiconductor/metal and semiconductor/liquid.
Balancing Graphitic Nanodomains and Heteroatom Doping in Hard Carbons Toward High Capacity and Durable Potassium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Wang Junling , Huang Zhijiao , Zhang Wei , Li Qinghua , Liang Zhixin , Lu Jingjing , Lin Zeyu , Wang Guang , Wu Junxiong , Huang Shaoming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHard carbons (HCs) have emerged as promising candidates for commercial anodes in potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). However, a thorny challenge remains in achieving high reversible capacities at high charge/discharge rates, which significantly hinders the development of HCs for PIBs. Here, a temperature‐controlled strategy is proposed to effectively balance graphitic nanodomains and heteroatom doping content in HCs, resulting in widened carbon layer spacing, high conductivity, and abundant K‐ion intercalation sites. The optimized NO‐HC600 electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 315.0 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, and exceptional cyclic stability (235.0 mAh g−1 after 1200 cycles at 2.0 A g−1 with a capacity retention rate of 98.82%). Furthermore, systematic in /ex situ experiments unveil a highly reversible “adsorption–intercalation” mechanism governing potassium‐ion storage, confirming the origin of the superior performance. This work offers valuable insights into the facile preparation of HC anodes with high reversible capacity and fast charge/discharge capability for PIBs.
A Fluorine‐Free Binder with Organic–Inorganic Crosslinked Networks Enabling Structural Stability of Ni‐Rich Layered Cathodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jang Junho , Ahn Junho , Ahn Jinho , Jeong Uktae , Yoon Jihee , Park Jun Kyu , Shin Woohyeon , Kang Min Jeong , Cho Min‐kyung , Kang Dong Jun , Kim Jongsoon , Yoo Jung‐Keun , Im Hyeon‐Gyun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough the high‐energy Ni‐rich layered cathodes suffer from undesirable surface reactions with the electrolyte, the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder has a limitation on surface stabilization because of its weak affinity and low adhesion/cohesion. Here, it is demonstrated that the novel fluorine‐free and hydroxyl‐rich siloxane nanohybrid (SNH) binder can enhance the electrochemical performances of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode (NCM811) via successful surface stabilization. The high silanol content in the SNH binder enhances the affinity to both NCM811 and conductive agent, facilitating uniform electron/ion pathways with high mass loading, improved shear thinning, and superior mechanical properties. Moreover, the fluorine‐free organic‐inorganic hybrid structure prevents the dissolution of transition metals, active material structural changes, and electrolyte interaction, leading to greatly enhanced cyclability of the SNH‐based NCM811 electrode (≈81.9% in half‐cell; ≈87.82% in full‐cell after 200 cycles) compared to PVDF‐based NCM811 electrode (≈58.8% in half‐cell; ≈61.24% in full‐cell after 200 cycles). Various analyses also indicate that the application of the fluorine‐free SNH binder successfully stabilizes both the surface and bulk structure of the NCM811 cathode during charge/discharge. The binder design represents a straightforward yet highly effective approach to achieving remarkably prolonged cyclability in lithium‐ion batteries, surpassing the performance of other fluorine‐based or polymer‐based binders.