bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A race against extinction: The challenge to overcome the Linnean amphibian shortfall in tropical biodiversity hotspots
Authors: Carné Albert , Vieites David R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimThere is an urgent need to explore, characterize, describe and preserve as many species as possible to prevent their decline. Tropical biodiversity hotspots harbour most of the known land diversity and vast amounts of undiscovered and undescribed species. Here, we quantify the taxonomically unassessed amphibian species richness in Madagascar, one of the best‐studied and explored tropical hotspots worldwide, to identify knowledge gaps and conservation implications.LocationMadagascar.Time PeriodPresent.Major Taxa StudiedAmphibians.MethodsWe used the Madagascar amphibian fauna as a model to unveil neglected diversity by analysing 10,873 mitochondrial sequences using species delimitation algorithms and incorporating all previously published bioacoustics, distributional, morphological and nuclear data with an integrative approach.ResultsBesides the currently described 413 species, we identified 408 divergent lineages. Among this, 310 fit the category of candidate species pending a taxonomic assessment, while 98 are considered deep conspecific lineages. These figures suggest that species richness could be twice as high as represented in the current taxonomy. Geographically, most of these candidate species occur in well‐studied areas within the island.Main ConclusionsDespite being one of the best‐studied and explored tropical countries worldwide for amphibians, we found that many species are awaiting a taxonomic assessment in Madagascar. Paradoxically, this unassessed diversity concentrates on highly explored regions, emphasizing the importance of exploring and inventorying new areas. Our results highlight the magnitude of the Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls, affecting both species richness estimates and the distribution ranges and biogeographic setting known for this fauna. Current conservation efforts should consider this novel diversity and unexplored areas as they will likely harbour yet many new species to be discovered. We expect similar patterns across less studied tropical realms and encourage researchers to perform such studies in different clades before this neglected biodiversity becomes irremediably lost.
Early modern globalization and the extent of indigenous agency: Trade, commodities and ecology
Authors: Carlos Ann M. , Green Erik , Links Calumet , Redish Angela 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the responses of Indigenous nations and European companies to new trading opportunities: the Cree nations with the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) and the Khoe nations with the Dutch East India Company [Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC)]. This case study is important because of the disparate outcomes. Within a few decades the Cree standard of living had increased, while Khoe nations had lost cattle and land. Standard histories begin with the establishment of trading posts, but this elides the decades of prior intermittent contact which played an important role in the disparate outcomes in these two regions. The paper emphasizes the significance of Indigenous agency in trade.
Combining dipyridamole and cilostazol with up‐dosing antihistamines improves outcomes in chronic spontaneous urticaria with high D‐dimer levels: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Prasertcharoensuk Amornrat , Chongpison Yuda , Thantiworasit Pattarawat , Buranapraditkun Supranee , Rerknimitr Pawinee , Mongkolpathumrat Pungjai , Palapinyo Sirinoot , Chantaphakul Hiroshi , Kijrattanakul Pitiphong , Klaewsongkram Jettanong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn a double‐blind, randomized controlled trial, we investigated the effectiveness of adding antiplatelet drugs to up‐dosing antihistamines for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) in patients with elevated D‐dimer levels who had an inadequate response to conventional antihistamine doses. Twenty patients with Urticaria Activity Score over 7 days (UAS7) ≥16 and D‐dimer >500 ng/mL were randomized to receive either antiplatelet therapy (cilostazol 150 mg/day + dipyridamole 50 mg/day) with antihistamine (desloratadine 20 mg/day) or antihistamine alone for 4 weeks. The antiplatelet group demonstrated a greater decrease in UAS7 compared to the control group (28.10 to 8.90 vs. 22.90 to 16.40, p < 0.001 vs. p = 0.054). Both groups experienced improved quality of life (DLQI), but the improvement was greater in the antiplatelet group (p = 0.046). D‐dimer levels decreased only in the antiplatelet group (1133.67 ng/mL to 581.89 ng/mL, p = 0.013) with no significant change observed in the control group. This suggests that combining dipyridamole and cilostazol with up‐dosing antihistamines may be more effective for CSU patients with high D‐dimer levels compared to up‐dosing antihistamines alone. This could be due to a reduction in platelet activation, as evidenced by the decrease in D‐dimer levels observed in the antiplatelet group.
Japanese expert consensus on the standardization of robot‐assisted pelvic lymph node dissection in urological surgery: Extent of pelvic lymph node and surgical technique
Authors: Morizane Shuichi , Miki Jun , Shimbo Masaki , Kanno Toru , Miura Noriyoshi , Yamada Yuta , Yamasaki Takeshi , Saika Takashi , Takenaka Atsushi ,   A working group for standardization of robot‐assisted pelvic lymph node dissection in the Japanese Society of Endourology and Robotics
Published: August 2024

AbstractPelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is important for accurate staging and prognosis of prostate and/or bladder cancer. Several guidelines recommend extended PLND for patients with these cancers. However, the therapeutic benefits of extended PLND are unclear. One major reason is that the extent of PLND is not clearly defined. Thus, the working group for standardization of robot‐assisted PLND, including nine experienced urologists for PLND in Japan, was launched in January 2023 by the Japanese Society of Endourology and Robotics. This study summarized the discussions to define the individual extent of PLND in urological surgery in a consensus meeting among these experienced urologists. The consensus meeting determined the extent of PLND based on arteries (veins) and anatomical membrane structures rather than a vague concept or approach toward PLND. This concept is expected to allow surgeons to implement the same extent of PLND. Finally, after a total of 10 online web conferences were held, we determined the extent of PLND for the obturator lymph node (LN) area, the internal iliac LN area, the external and common iliac LN area, and the presacral LN area according to the above rules. The extent of PLND suggested here currently does not have a clear therapeutic rationale. Therefore, the extent of our proposed PLND is by no means mandatory. We hope our definition of the extent of PLND will be supported by further evidence of therapeutic benefits for urologic cancers.
Infants' individuation of human faces across race and identity
Authors: Pickron Charisse B. , Stallworthy Isabella C. , Cheries Erik W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractYoung infants' face perception capabilities quickly tune to the features of their primary caregiver. The current study examines whether infants distinguish faces in a more conceptual manner using a manual‐search, violation of expectation task that has previously been used to test kind‐based individuation. We tested how well infants between 11 and 27 months of age individuated faces that varied by superordinate category (human vs. non‐human in Experiment 1) subordinate category (individual identity in Experiment 2) or by race (White vs. Black, Experiments 1 & 2). We assessed individuation by quantifying the difference in infants' duration of reaching within an empty box between trials when the box was unexpectedly empty and expectedly empty. We found evidence of individuation across all ages and conditions, but with within‐infant variation. On average, infants individuated face from non‐face stimuli (Experiment 1), individual face identities (Experiment 2), and White versus Black faces (Experiments 1 & 2). These findings suggest that 1‐ to 2‐year‐old infants use distinct human face features to represent individuals across time and space. We discuss this evidence for race‐based individuation and related complexities of face identity in terms of implications for conceptual development for faces in the first years of life.
High‐quality early care and education for low‐income families: Toddlers’ cognitive and emotional functioning during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lopez Lukas D. , Castillo Anabel , Frechette Elizabeth , Jeon Shinyoung , Castle Sherri , Horm Diane , Kwon Kyong‐Ah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐quality early care and education (ECE) programs are associated with positive outcomes, especially for children from low‐income families. During the initial COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown many of these families faced an abrupt halt to ECE. Here, we examined how toddlers from economically disadvantaged backgrounds enrolled in high‐quality ECE programs in the United States during the 2020 pandemic (n = 48) fared on cognitive and socioemotional outcomes compared to a 2019 pre‐pandemic cohort (n = 94) and a pandemic 2021 cohort (n = 132). Toddlers in the 2020 cohort scored significantly lower on executive function compared to toddlers in 2019 and 2021 cohorts. Toddlers in the 2020 cohort had higher ratings self‐regulation compared to the pre‐pandemic cohort, but not 2021 cohort. There were no differences on attachment ratings between cohorts. Findings suggest that the abrupt halt to ECE programs due to the COVID‐19 pandemic impacted US toddlers’ cognitive and socioemotional abilities. This underscores the importance of continued high‐quality ECE for infants and toddlers from low‐income families during disruptive times. Further work is needed to investigate the long‐term impacts of experiencing an abrupt halt to ECE due to COVID‐19.
Ophiuroidea Gray, 1840 potential species richness across the eastern Pacific: An approach using species distribution modelling
Authors: Granja‐Fernández Rebeca , Ramírez‐Chávez Eduardo J. , Rodríguez‐Zaragoza Fabián A. , López‐Pérez Andrés 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo estimate patterns of potential species richness (PSR) and identify shallow‐water Ophiuroidea hotspots based on their modelled distribution throughout the eastern Pacific Ocean (EP).LocationEastern Pacific Ocean.TaxonEchinodermata: Ophiuroidea.MethodsWe compiled and analysed the occurrence of 137 shallow‐water (≤200 m) species of Ophiuroidea from the EP using Species Distribution Models (SDM; use of Maxent) and buffering for rare species to create the first maps of PSR of the class in the EP to gain insight into their patterns.ResultsThe highest PSR was found in mid‐latitudes, decreasing towards high latitudes, denoting a robust latitudinal pattern. All PSR hotspots were found in mid‐latitudes and correspond to northern Mexico, the area between Corinto (Nicaragua) and the Gulf of Panama, and the Galapagos Islands. The pattern is mainly linked to topographic configuration, although the models also suggest temperature and other environmental factors as important. Additionally, the pattern correlates (R = 98) with the pattern of the family Amphiuridae, suggesting that its richness can be used as a proxy for exploring Ophiuroidea richness patterns elsewhere.Main ConclusionsThe richness of Ophiuroidea from the EP follows a latitudinal pattern as do other invertebrate groups. The Gulf of California, Central America, and Galapagos Islands are confirmed as hotspots of Ophiuroidea richness. However, other significant areas include the west coast of southern Baja California, Chiapas, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. PSR patterns are influenced by diverse environmental variables and the distribution patterns of the most conspicuous families. SDMs are useful for understanding large‐scale distribution patterns. This work is the first PSR assessment of marine invertebrates from the EP.
Mortality outcomes in individuals with MASLD versus MASLD and increased alcohol intake
Authors: Aboona Majd B. , Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Chen Vincent L , Rangan Pooja , Kim Donghee , Alkhouri Naim , Fallon Michael B. , Noureddin Mazen , Arab Juan Pablo , Wijarnpreecha Karn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. A new entity termed MetALD has also been described and is defined as individuals with MASLD and increased alcohol intake. However, the natural history of MetALD compared with MASLD is unknown. We aimed to compare longitudinal outcomes in patients with MASLD versus MetALD.MethodsThis study was performed using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2018. MASLD patients (defined by the United States Fatty Liver Index > 30) who met cardiometabolic criteria including body mass index (BMI) > 25 (BMI > 23 in Asians), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertriglyceridemia were included. MetALD was defined as MASLD with increased alcohol intake (3–6 standard drinks per day in males; 2–5 standard drinks per day in females). A comparison of overall, cardiovascular, cancer‐related, and other causes of mortality in patients with MASLD versus MetALD was performed.ResultsA total of 2838 individuals with MASLD and 2557 individuals with MetALD were included with a median follow‐up time of 56 months. MetALD patients were at increased risk of cancer‐related mortality compared with patients with MASLD (hazard ratio 1.32; 95% confidence interval 1.14–1.53; P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in overall, cardiovascular, and other causes of mortality.ConclusionsPatients with MetALD were at higher risk for cancer‐related mortality than MASLD. Close attention to regular cancer surveillance and accurate classification of alcohol consumption in individuals with diagnosed MASLD is warranted to help improve patient care and outcome.
Individual socioeconomic status, neighborhood disadvantage, and cognitive aging: A longitudinal analysis of the CLSA
Authors: Best John R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are likely many contributors to variation in the rate of cognitive decline in middle and late adulthood, including individual and neighborhood socio‐economic factors. This study examines whether individual socio‐economic factors, namely income and wealth, correlate with cognitive decline, in part, through neighborhood‐level social and material disadvantage.MethodsUsing the three waves of data collection from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), this study included 51,338 participants between the age of 45 and 85 years at baseline (51% female). Individual socio‐economic status (SES) was assessed by annual household income and by the current value of savings and investments. Neighborhood disadvantage was measured by area‐based material and social deprivation indices. Cognition was measured at each wave using verbal fluency, mental alternations, and delayed word recall. Latent change score models, incorporating direct and indirect pathways, were constructed to estimate the indirect effect of individual SES on cognitive change through area‐level disadvantage. Multi‐group models were constructed on the basis of age‐group (45–64 years; 65–74 years; or 75+ years) to allow for varying estimates across age.ResultsAmong 45–64‐year‐olds, income and wealth had indirect effects on initial cognitive level and on rate of cognitive decline through material disadvantage (standardized indirect effects = 0.01, p < 0.001), but only wealth had an indirect effect through social disadvantage (p = 0.019). Among 65‐74‐year‐olds, income and wealth had indirect effects on initial cognitive level (p < 0.01) but not on rate of cognitive decline (p > 0.05), and among 75+ year‐olds, no indirect effects were observed (p > 0.05). Wealth and income had direct effects, independent of neighborhood disadvantage, on cognition in all age groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAmong middle‐aged adults, greater individual SES may mitigate cognitive decline, in part, by allowing individuals to live in more materially and socially advantaged neighborhoods.
Comparison of platelet‐rich plasma efficacy with and without photoactivation in melasma: A randomized double‐blind study
Authors: Demir Filiz Topaloğlu , Altun Ece 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPhotoactivation has been suggested to enhance the efficacy of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in conditions other than dermatological diseases.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy of photoactivated PRP (P‐PRP) treatment for melasma by comparing it with non‐photoactivated, classical PRP (C‐PRP).MethodsThe study consisted of 38 female patients diagnosed with melasma between April 2022 and May 2023. The patients were randomized into the P‐PRP and C‐PRP groups. Three sessions of P‐PRP or C‐PRP were applied to the patients at 2‐week intervals. The Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) and Melasma Quality of Life Index (MELASQoL) scores were compared before and 2 weeks after treatment.ResultsThe median age was 38 years, and the median disease duration was 60 months. Clinically, 94.7% of the cases were centrofacial and 5.3% were malar. According to Wood's lamp examination, 55.3% of the cases were epidermal, 13.2% were dermal, and 31.6% were mixed‐type. The median pre‐ and post‐treatment scores were 14.5 and 9, respectively, for MASI and 36.5 and 17, respectively, for MELASQoL. The post‐treatment MASI and MELASQoL scores of both groups significantly decreased (p < 0.001 for both). However, the intergroup difference was not significant. When all patients were evaluated together a moderate, positive, and significant relationship was detected between PRP and the pre‐ and post‐treatment MASI and MELASQoL scores (r = 0.494 and p = 0.002). No side effects associated with PRP were observed.ConclusionPRP is an effective and safe treatment method for melasma. Further studies are needed to evaluate the contribution of photoactivation to PRP treatment in melasma.
Founder‐CEO Compensation and Selection into Venture Capital‐Backed Entrepreneurship
Authors: EWENS MICHAEL , NANDA RAMANA , STANTON CHRISTOPHER 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTWe show theoretically that a critical determinant of the attractiveness of venture capital (VC)‐backed entrepreneurship for high‐earning potential founders is the expected time to develop a startup's initial product. This is because founder‐CEOs' cash compensation increases substantially after product development, alleviating the nondiversifiable risk that founders face at startup birth. Consistent with the model's predictions of where the supply of entrepreneurial talent is likely to be most constrained, we find that technological shocks differentially altering the expected time to product across industries can explain changes in both the rate of entry and characteristics of individuals selecting into VC‐backed entrepreneurship.
Contrast‐free visualization of distal trigeminal nerve segments using MR neurography
Authors: Sahu Sulagna , Hellwig Dane , Morrison Zachary , Hughes Jeremy , Sadleir Rosalind J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe 3‐dimensional cranial nerve imaging (CRANI) sequence may assist visualization of anatomical details of extraforaminal cranial nerves and aid in clinical diagnosis and preoperative planning. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using a combined CRANI and magnetization‐prepared rapid‐acquisition gradient‐echo (MPRAGE) imaging protocol to comprehensively identify trigeminal nerve projections.MethodWe evaluated the detection of distal regions of three branches of the ophthalmic nerve (V1), three branches of the maxillary nerve (V2), and five branches of the mandibular nerve (V3) in seven healthy adult subjects, with and without contrast injection. Nerve branches were rated on a 5‐point scale by three observers. Interobserver reliability was studied using weighted kappa statistics and percentage agreement.ResultsAmong V1 and V2 branches, the frontal nerve and infraorbital nerve were most successfully identified (average rating of 3.9, agreement >80%) in precontrast MPRAGE images. In V3 branches, lingual and inferior alveolar nerves were most successfully identified (average rating of 3.9, agreement >80%) in precontrast CRANI images, with an excellent average rating. In all cases except one, interobserver reliability was rated good to excellent. The buccal nerve was the only branch with a low average interobserver rating. Gadolinium contrast did not improve nerve segment visualization in our study. This may relate to the specific anatomic regions assessed, gadolinium dose, postcontrast image timing, and lack of pathology.ConclusionA combined CRANI and MPRAGE protocol can be combined to visualize distal branches of V1, V2, and V3 and has potential for clinical use.
Novel COL5A1 variants and associated disease phenotypes in dogs with classical Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome
Authors: Bullock Garrett , Jaffey Jared A. , Cohn Leah A. , Sox Erika , Hostnik Eric T. , Hutcheson Kyle D. , Matero Erin , Hoffmann Karen S. , Johnson Gary S. , Katz Martin L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundHuman patients with Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDS) are categorized into subtypes based on causative genetic variants and phenotypes. The classical form of EDS, primarily caused by variants in COL5A1 or COL5A2, is a very common subtype in people but is poorly characterized in dogs.ObjectiveDescribe likely causal COL5A1 variants in dogs with classical EDS, summarize clinical histories, discuss potential disease mechanisms, and draw conclusions about disease prognosis.AnimalsSeven client‐owned dogs that exhibited clinical signs of classical EDS.MethodsClinical information was recorded from medical records and communication with attending veterinarians and dog owners. To identify potential causal gene sequence variants whole‐genome sequence analyses (n = 6) or Sanger sequencing (n = 1) were performed on DNA isolated from the probands. Pathological abnormalities in skin biopsy samples were assessed using histology and electron microscopy in 3 dogs.ResultsSix distinct heterozygous COL5A1 sequence variants were identified. The most common clinical signs included fragile skin (n = 7), hyperextensible skin (n = 7), joint hypermobility (n = 6), and atrophic scars (n = 5). The median age at last follow‐up or death was 12 years (range, 6.5‐14 years). Ultrastructural abnormalities in dermal collagen differed among dogs with different COL5A1 variants.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceWe describe the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of the classical subtype of EDS by identifying 6 novel COL5A1 variants in conjunction with detailed clinical histories that included long‐term follow‐up information in 7 dogs.
Turkey's Right‐Wing Discourse of Resentment
Authors: Erden Özgür Olgun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRight‐wing politics has increased its potency around the world, especially in Turkey, which has experienced a two‐decade reign of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and his Justice and Development Party (AKP). One of the most important instruments the AKP has used to gain and maintain power is the discourse of resentment. This emotional language features an appeal to a populist sense of the nation's rising above dangers posed by the elite and the bureaucracy. This article examines Turkey's right‐wing politics, showing how and why leaders have created and deployed the resentment discourse. Analyzing the historical‐social context of this instrument of power will help us understand the rise of the right. Even though Erdoğan's party suffered a setback in the spring 2024 municipal elections, the politics of resentment is still effective and allows the party to extend its success in national contests.