bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma‐informed Day Services for Individuals with Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities: Exploring Staff Understanding and Perception within an Innovative Programme
Authors: Keesler John M. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundTrauma‐informed care (TIC) is a systems‐level philosophy of service delivery which integrates choice, collaboration, empowerment, safety and trust to create an organizational culture sensitive to trauma. This study explores staff understandings and perceptions within an innovative trauma‐informed day program for individuals with Intellectual/developmental disabilities.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews queried staff members (n = 20) regarding trauma and TIC, the integration of the five principles of TIC, associated challenges and recommendations for improvement.ResultsInductive analyses revealed reasonable understandings of trauma and TIC, highlighting factors critical to the five principles of TIC. Differences were associated with duration of employment and the presence of specialized training. Challenges with TIC emerged at different system levels: individuals, staff, management and interorganizational.ConclusionsThis study presents preliminary insight for the innovative and formative process of integrating TIC with intellectual/developmental disabilities services.
Single base substitution inOsCDC48is responsible for premature senescence and death phenotype in rice
Authors: Huang Qi‐Na , Shi Yong‐Feng , Zhang Xiao‐Bo , Song Li‐Xin , Feng Bao‐Hua , Wang Hui‐Mei , Xu Xia , Li Xiao‐Hong , Guo Dan , Wu Jian‐Li 
Published: June 2015

AbstractApremature senescenceand death 128(psd128) mutant was isolated from an ethyl methane sulfonate‐induced rice IR64 mutant bank. The premature senescence phenotype appeared at the six‐leaf stage and the plant died at the early heading stage.psd128exhibited impaired chloroplast development with significantly reduced photosynthetic ability, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, root vigor, soluble protein content and increased malonaldehyde content. Furthermore, the expression of senescence‐related genes was significantly altered inpsd128. The mutant trait was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Using map‐based strategy, the mutationOryza sativa cell division cycle 48(OsCDC48) was isolated and predicted to encode a putative AAA‐type ATPase with 809 amino‐acid residuals. A single base substitution at position C2347T inpsd128resulted in a premature stop codon. Functional complementation could rescue the mutant phenotype. In addition, RNA interference resulted in the premature senescence and death phenotype.OsCDC48was expressed constitutively in the root, stem, leaf and panicle. Subcellular analysis indicated that OsCDC48:YFP fusion proteins were located both in the cytoplasm and nucleus. OsCDC48 was highly conserved with more than 90% identity in the protein levels among plant species. Our results indicated that the impaired function of OsCDC48 was responsible for the premature senescence and death phenotype.
Sex on show. Issues of privacy and dignity in a Forensic mental health hospital: Nurse and patient views
Authors: Quinn Chris , Happell Brenda 
Published: June 2015

Aims and objectivesTo explore perceptions of privacy and dignity for sexual relationships in a Forensic mental health hospital.BackgroundThe role of nurses in forensic mental health hospitals is frequently complicated by opposing expectations of therapeutic relationships and maintaining security. What can result is an over‐emphasis on risk reduction by controlling patient behaviour, which can extend to patient intimacy and sexual relationships.DesignAn exploratory, qualitative approach.MethodsIndividual interviews were conducted with 12 nurses and 10 patients in a forensic mental health hospital. Thematic data analysis was undertaken to identify the main themes.ResultsThe need for a private and dignified place for patient intimacy was one major theme to emerge from this research from both nurse and patient participants and is the focus of this article. A disparity is reported between the level of support reported by nurse participants with the experience of the patient participants.ConclusionsSexual intimacy and sexual relationships are important components of normal human behaviour. Institutional rules and rule adherence create barriers for patients, forcing their intimacy and sexual relationships into secrecy. There is a need for further research to consider the benefits and risks of patient intimacy and sexual relationships for long‐term patients in forensic mental health settings.Relevance to clinical practicePatients in forensic hospitals are sexually active and seek support from nurses. Nurses are in an ideal role to recognise the important part they can play in supporting the intimacy and sexual relationship needs of patients. Strategies to assist in developing confidence in responding to normal human behaviour is a matter of priority.
Psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES‐NL) in dental patients with and without self‐reported tooth wear
Authors: Wetselaar P. , Koutris M. , Visscher C. M. , Larsson P. , John M. T. , Lobbezoo F. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES) in dental patients with and without self‐reported tooth wear. The English version of the OES was translated into Dutch, following established guidelines for cross‐cultural adaptation of health‐related quality of life measures. The reliability of the resulting OES‐NL was tested in a test–retest study on 343 subjects; its validity was tested with the use of convergent validity on 582 subjects. The test–retest reliability of the OES‐NL showed intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC) that ranged from 0·76 to 0·82, which can be qualified as excellent. The Cronbach's alpha revealed that the overall internal consistency of the scale was good (α = 0·89). Convergent validity was confirmed by the association between the OES‐NL summary scores and three questions of the Dutch version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐NL). The calculated Spearman's rank correlation coefficients ranged from −0·43 to −0·54 and were all significant (P < 0·001). The Dutch version of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES‐NL) showed good psychometric properties, making it suitable for the assessment of self‐perceived aesthetics in Dutch dental patients with and without self‐reported tooth wear.
Temporal changes in molar wear rate of a sika deer population under density‐dependent food limitation
Authors: Takeshita K. , Ishizaki M. , Mitsuya R. , Takahashi H. , Yoshida T. , Igota H. , Ikeda T. , Kubo M. O. , Kaji K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNegative effects of density‐dependent food limitation on molar wear rate in ungulate populations, as well as unworn molar size and its sex differences in ruminants, have been studied for a long time. However, these studies were based on comparisons of populations from different districts or habitats. If drastic changes in food habits and life history occurred under density‐dependent resource limitation, it is of great interest whether this change caused temporal changes in molar wear rate, and whether the degree of hypsodonty changed under this short but intensive selective pressure. We examined the temporal change in molar wear rate using long‐term monitoring data of a sika deer (Cervus nipon) population on Nakanoshima Island, Hokkaido, Japan. Corresponding to the change in food habits, the molar wear rate changed mainly because of the amount of soil that was secondarily ingested when deer fed on fallen leaves. Molar wear rate was the fastest level after the first population crash on Nakanoshima Island among extant sika deer populations. Nevertheless, we did not find any evidence of increased hypsodonty in Nakanoshima deer. It is possible that natural selection for increased molar durability (hypsodonty) has been working on Nakanoshima deer, but the adaptive change has not yet appeared at a statistically significant level.
Shakespeare and Social Media
Authors: O'Neill Stephen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe field of Shakespeare studies is becoming increasingly interested in the circulation of Shakespeares across social media platforms such as Twitter, YouTube, and Facebook. An emerging body of scholarship offers important insights into the implications of social media and digital technologies for Shakespearean pedagogy and research. This essay provides a review of the literature and suggests some future directions that theorizations of Shakespeare in/as social media might take. This essay encourages Shakespeare studies to interpret social media Shakespeares as an object of critical analysis, as well as understanding it as a teaching tool and research resource, while recognizing that these categories overlap. More specifically, the essay argues that social media Shakespeares denote a complex network of specific platforms, technologies, cultural signifiers, and the agentive human users that make meaning through these. As users share Shakespeare content and connect with it via social media, they are simultaneously shaping Shakespeare's current formations and being shaped by distinct yet interlinked technologies.
Consequences of a demographic bottleneck on genetic structure and variation in the Scandinavian brown bear
Authors: Xenikoudakis G. , Ersmark E. , Tison J.‐L. , Waits L. , Kindberg J. , Swenson J. E. , Dalén L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Scandinavian brown bear went through a major decline in population size approximately 100 years ago, due to intense hunting. After being protected, the population subsequently recovered and today numbers in the thousands. The genetic diversity in the contemporary population has been investigated in considerable detail, and it has been shown that the population consists of several subpopulations that display relatively high levels of genetic variation. However, previous studies have been unable to resolve the degree to which the demographic bottleneck impacted the contemporary genetic structure and diversity. In this study, we used mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers from pre‐ and postbottleneck Scandinavian brown bear samples to investigate the effect of the bottleneck. Simulation and multivariate analysis suggested the same genetic structure for the historical and modern samples, which are clustered into three subpopulations in southern, central and northern Scandinavia. However, the southern subpopulation appears to have gone through a marked change in allele frequencies. When comparing the mitochondrial DNA diversity in the whole population, we found a major decline in haplotype numbers across the bottleneck. However, the loss of autosomal genetic diversity was less pronounced, although a significant decline in allelic richness was observed in the southern subpopulation. Approximate Bayesian computations provided clear support for a decline in effective population size during the bottleneck, in both the southern and northern subpopulations. These results have implications for the future management of the Scandinavian brown bear because they indicate a recent loss in genetic diversity and also that the current genetic structure may have been caused by historical ecological processes rather than recent anthropogenic persecution.
A mutation in Escherichia coli ftsZ bypasses the requirement for the essential division gene zipA and confers resistance to FtsZ assembly inhibitors by stabilizing protofilament bundling
Authors: Haeusser Daniel P. , Rowlett Veronica W. , Margolin William 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe earliest step in Escherichia coli cell division consists of the assembly of FtsZ protein into a proto‐ring structure, tethered to the cytoplasmic membrane by FtsA and ZipA. The proto‐ring then recruits additional cell division proteins to form the divisome. Previously we described an ftsZ allele, ftsZL169R, which maps to the side of the FtsZ subunit and confers resistance to FtsZ assembly inhibitory factors including Kil of bacteriophage λ. Here we further characterize this allele and its mechanism of resistance. We found that FtsZL169R permits the bypass of the normally essential ZipA, a property previously observed for FtsA gain‐of‐function mutants such as FtsA* or increased levels of the FtsA‐interacting protein FtsN. Similar to FtsA*, FtsZL169R also can partially suppress thermosensitive mutants of ftsQ or ftsK, which encode additional divisome proteins, and confers strong resistance to excess levels of FtsA, which normally inhibit FtsZ ring function. Additional genetic and biochemical assays provide further evidence that FtsZL169R enhances FtsZ protofilament bundling, thereby conferring resistance to assembly inhibitors and bypassing the normal requirement for ZipA. This work highlights the importance of FtsZ protofilament bundling during cell division and its likely role in regulating additional divisome activities.
The impact of Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) epigenetic factors in plant plasticity
Authors: de la Paz Sanchez Maria , Aceves‐García Pamela , Petrone Emilio , Steckenborn Stefan , Vega‐León Rosario , Álvarez‐Buylla Elena R. , Garay‐Arroyo Adriana , García‐Ponce Berenice 
Published: June 2015

SummaryCurrent advances indicate that epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in the regulatory networks involved in plant developmental responses to environmental conditions. Hence, understanding the role of such components becomes crucial to understanding the mechanisms underlying the plasticity and variability of plant traits, and thus the ecology and evolution of plant development. We now know that important components of phenotypic variation may result from heritable and reversible epigenetic mechanisms without genetic alterations. The epigenetic factors Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) are involved in developmental processes that respond to environmental signals, playing important roles in plant plasticity. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of TrxG and PcG functions in different developmental processes in response to internal and environmental cues and we also integrate the emerging evidence concerning their function in plant plasticity. Many such plastic responses rely on meristematic cell behavior, including stem cell niche maintenance, cellular reprogramming, flowering and dormancy as well as stress memory. This information will help to determine how to integrate the role of epigenetic regulation into models of gene regulatory networks, which have mostly included transcriptional interactions underlying various aspects of plant development and its plastic response to environmental conditions.
Above‐ and below‐ground effects of plant diversity depend on species origin: an experimental test with multiple invaders
Authors: Kuebbing Sara E. , Classen Aimée T. , Sanders Nathan J. , Simberloff Daniel 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Although many plant communities are invaded by multiple nonnative species, we have limited information on how a species' origin affects ecosystem function. We tested how differences in species richness and origin affect productivity and seedling establishment.

We created phylogenetically paired native and nonnative plant communities in a glasshouse experiment to test diversity–productivity relationships and responsible mechanisms (i.e. selection or complementarity effects). Additionally, we tested how productivity and associated mechanisms influenced seedling establishment. We used diversity‐interaction models to describe how species' interactions influenced diversity–productivity relationships.

Communities with more species had higher total biomass than did monoculture communities, but native and nonnative communities diverged in root : shoot ratios and the mechanism responsible for increased productivity: positive selection effect in nonnative communities and positive complementarity effect in native communities. Seedling establishment was 46% lower in nonnative than in native communities and was correlated with the average selection effect. Interspecific interactions contributed to productivity patterns, but the specific types of interactions differed between native and nonnative communities.

These results reinforce findings that the diversity–productivity mechanisms in native and nonnative communities differ and are the first to show that these mechanisms can influence seedling establishment and that different types of interactions influence diversity–productivity relationships.
Leibniz on Causation – Part 2
Authors: Jorati Julia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLeibniz is almost unique among early modern philosophers in giving final causation a central place in his metaphysical system. All changes in created substances, according to Leibniz, have final causes, that is, occur for the sake of some end. There is, however, no consensus among commentators about the details of Leibniz's views on final causation. The least perfect types of changes that created substances undergo are especially puzzling because those changes seem radically different from paradigmatic instances of final causation. Building on my more general discussion of efficient and final causation in ‘Leibniz on Causation – Part 1,’ I will examine and assess some of the rival interpretations of Leibniz's account of final causation.
Mass Administrative Reorganization, Media Attention, and the Paradox of Information
Authors: Bertelli Anthony M. , Sinclair J. Andrew 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHow does media attention influence government decisions about whether to terminate independent administrative agencies? The authors argue that an agency's salience with partisan audiences has a direct effect, but a high media profile can disrupt normal government monitoring processes and obfuscate termination decisions. This argument is evaluated in the context of a recent mass administrative reorganization by the British coalition government using probit and heteroscedastic probit regression models. The evidence suggests that termination is less likely for agencies salient in newspapers popular with the government's core supporters but not those read by its minority coalition partner. We also find that agencies with greater overall newspaper salience as well as younger agencies have a higher error variance.
Weighed Down by Stigma: How Weight‐Based Social Identity Threat Contributes to Weight Gain and Poor Health
Authors: Hunger Jeffrey M. , Major Brenda , Blodorn Alison , Miller Carol T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWeight stigma is pervasive, and a number of scholars argue that this profound stigma contributes to the negative effects of weight on psychological and physical health. Some lay individuals and health professionals assume that stigmatizing weight can actually motivate healthier behaviors and promote weight loss. However, as we review, weight stigma is consistently associated with poorer mental and physical health outcomes. In this article, we propose a social identity threat model elucidating how weight stigma contributes to weight gain and poorer mental and physical health among overweight individuals. We propose that weight‐based social identity threat increases physiological stress, undermines self‐regulation, compromises psychological health, and increases the motivation to avoid stigmatizing domains (e.g., the gym) and escape the stigma by engaging in unhealthy weight loss behaviors. Given the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the US, weight stigma thus has the potential to undermine the health and wellbeing of millions of Americans.
Group‐based Differences in Perceptions of Racism: What Counts, to Whom, and Why?
Authors: Carter Evelyn R. , Murphy Mary C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBelonging to a group fundamentally shapes the way we interpret and attribute the behavior of others. Similarly, perceptions of racism can be influenced by group membership. Experimental and survey research reveal disagreement between Whites and Blacks about the prevalence of racism in America. Several social cognitive factors contribute to this disagreement: discrepancies in Whites' and Blacks' lay intuitions about the attitudes and behaviors that count as racism, comparison standards when determining racial progress, and the salience of and meaning drawn from successful Black individuals in society. These perceptual discrepancies have consequences for policy attitudes, decisions about how best to combat racial inequality, and beliefs about whether inequality persists. Successful interventions that increase Whites' knowledge of structural racism and that attenuate self‐image threat suggest that it is possible to converge Blacks' and Whites' perceptions of racism by expanding Whites' definition of racism.
In which direction does skin move during joint movement?
Authors: Fukui T. , Otake Y. , Kondo T. 
Published: June 2015

Background/ PurposeA skin movement artifact is a major problem in three‐dimensional motion analysis. Furthermore, skin tension lines are important in plastic surgery. Skin tension depends upon the body area and the direction of resistance. From the perspective of skin continuity and clinical observation, we hypothesized that the contralateral side of the skin of the extremities moves in the opposite direction. This study aimed to examine kinematics of thigh skin including movement direction during pelvic sway.MethodsFifteen healthy men participated in this study. Kinematic data were obtained using a three‐dimensional motion analysis system. To detect opposite skin movement, 42 markers were attached to the front, back, lateral, and medial sides of the thigh and pelvis. Front and back markers in the sagittal plane and lateral and medial markers in the frontal plane were arranged in a line connecting the hip and ankle joint centers, respectively. Subjects performed maximal pelvic movements in the anterior‐posterior and rightward‐leftward directions.ResultsThe results showed that the front skin of the thigh was transferred upward and that the back skin was transferred downward during pelvic anterior sway. Opposite skin movements were observed during posterior pelvic sway. We also found that the lateral skin was transferred upward and that the medial skin was transferred downward during hip adduction and vice‐versa during hip abduction.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the skin moves according to certain physiological rules.
Moral Frames and Climate Change Policy Attitudes*
Authors: Severson Alexander W. , Coleman Eric A. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveThis article compares the effects of various climate change issue frames (deontological‐moral, empirical‐scientific, and economic) on support for climate change mitigation policies.MethodsUsing an issue‐framing survey experiment conducted on Amazon Mechanical Turk, we assess framing effects on climate change policy support using ordinary least squares regression.ResultsWe find mixed evidence regarding frame effectiveness. Religious moral frames and economic efficiency frames are ineffective, whereas scientific frames, secular moral frames, and economic equity frames are effective at increasing overall policy support. Additionally, the positive science frame and economic equity frame reduce the ideological divide in climate policy support.ConclusionThe effects of issue framing on climate policy support are mixed. Frames that we expected conservatives to be responsive to (religious morality; economic efficiency) fail to change support for climate policy. Frames that emphasize science, secular morality, and economy equity have the potential to increase public support for climate change policies.