bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The polygenic strategies ofBotrytis cinereafor virulence across eight eudicot host species
Authors: Caseys Céline , Kliebenstein Daniel J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiverse qualitative and quantitative genetic architectures can successfully influence fungal virulence and host range. To model the quantitative genetic architecture of a generalist pathogen with an extensive host range, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the virulence ofBotrytis cinereaacross eight hosts. This approach revealed 4772 candidate genes, about one-third of theBotrytisgenome, contributing to virulence with small effect sizes. The candidate genes are evenly spread across the core chromosomes with no indication of bipartite genomic architecture. The GWAS-identified polymorphisms and genes show thatB. cinerearelies on genetic variants across hundreds of genes for infecting diverse hosts, with most genes influencing relatively few hosts. When pathogen genes associated to multiple hosts, they typically influenced more unrelated than related host species. Comparative genomics further suggested that the GWAS-identified genes are largely syntenic with other specialist Botrytis species and not novel toB. cinerea. Overall,B. cinerea’s generalist behavior is derived from the sum of the genome-wide genetic variation acting within gene networks that differentially coordinate the interaction with diverse hosts.
The Brain Interactome of a Permissive Prion Replication Substrate
Authors: Arshad Hamza , Eid Shehab , Mehra Surabhi , Williams Declan , Kaczmarczyk Lech , Stuart Erica , Jackson Walker S. , Schmitt-Ulms Gerold , Watts Joel C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBank voles are susceptible to prion strains from many different species, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of bank vole prion protein (BVPrP) to function as a universal prion acceptor remain unclear. Potential differences in molecular environments and protein interaction networks on the cell surface of brain cells may contribute to BVPrP’s unusual behavior. To test this hypothesis, we generated knock-in mice that express physiological levels of BVPrP (M109 isoform) and employed mass spectrometry to compare the interactomes of mouse (Mo) PrP and BVPrP following mildin vivocrosslinking of brain tissue. Substantial overlap was observed between the top interactors for BVPrP and MoPrP, with established PrP-interactors such as neural cell adhesion molecules, subunits of Na+/K+-ATPases, and contactin-1 being equally present in the two interactomes. We conclude that the molecular environments of BVPrP and MoPrP in the brains of mice are very similar. This suggests that the unorthodox properties of BVPrP are unlikely to be mediated by differential interactions with other proteins.
Mitochondrial complex III-derived ROS amplify immunometabolic changes in astrocytes and promote dementia pathology
Authors: Barnett Daniel , Zimmer Till S. , Booraem Caroline , Palaguachi Fernando , Meadows Samantha M. , Xiao Haopeng , Chouchani Edward T. , Orr Anna G. , Orr Adam L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNeurodegenerative disorders alter mitochondrial functions, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial complex III (CIII) generates ROS implicated in redox signaling, but its triggers, targets, and disease relevance are not clear. Using site-selective suppressors and genetic manipulations together with mitochondrial ROS imaging and multiomic profiling, we found that CIII is the dominant source of ROS production in astrocytes exposed to neuropathology-related stimuli. Astrocytic CIII-ROS production was dependent on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger (NCLX) and caused oxidation of select cysteines within immune and metabolism-associated proteins linked to neurological disease. CIII-ROS amplified metabolomic and pathology-associated transcriptional changes in astrocytes, with STAT3 activity as a major mediator, and facilitated neuronal toxicity in a non-cell- autonomous manner. As proof-of-concept, suppression of CIII-ROS in mice decreased dementia-linked tauopathy and neuroimmune cascades and extended lifespan. Our findings establish CIII-ROS as an important immunometabolic signal transducer and tractable therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disease.
A Human Biomimetic Intestinal Mucosa Model to Study Gastrointestinal Development and Disease
Authors: Dei Alessandro , Calitz Carlemi , Korsten Joep , Johannesson Nina , Freeze Eline , Eaves Allen , Louis Sharon , Conder Ryan K. , Chang Wing , Pajkrt Dasja , Wolthers Katja C. , Sridhar Adithya , Simmini Salvatore 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe intestinal mucosa plays a vital role in nutrient absorption, drug metabolism, and pathogen defence. Advances in single-cell technologies have highlighted the specialised roles of various cell types that execute these diverse functions. Aside from intestinal epithelial cells, fibroblasts play an essential role in regulating the extracellular matrix and controlling pro- inflammatory signalling, and antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) maintain intestinal homeostasis and immune responses. The incorporation of such cellular complexity within the existingin vitromodels of the human intestine is currently challenging. To address this, we developed a human intestinal model that accurately mimics the mucosal cellular environment comprising intestinal epithelial cells, intestinal fibroblasts, and antigen presenting cells. This model includes co-cultures of adult and foetal cells, facilitating studies on barrier function, inflammation, and viral infections. It replicates extracellular matrix deposition, Paneth cell differentiation, immune interactions, and can be used to model host- pathogen interactions. Our advanced co-culture model improves the physiological relevance ofin vitrostudies, enabling the exploration of epithelial-mesenchymal-immune crosstalk and its role in intestinal health and disease.
Two paralogues of N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor: An exception to the minimal vesicular trafficking machinery ofGiardia
Authors: Ghosh Trisha , Datta Shankari Prasad , Mandal Pritha , Patra Nabanita , Jana Kuladip , Ganguly Sandipan , Sarkar Srimonti 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVesicular trafficking plays a critical role in the survival of the human gut pathogenGiardia lambliaas it drives nutrient uptake and morphological stage transition. Unlike most eukaryotes,Giardiahas a minimal vesicular trafficking machinery. Herein, we report a rare exception to this minimalism wherein two paralogues of NSF, a crucial factor driving vesicular trafficking by uncoupling the cis-SNARE bundle, are present in this unicellular parasite. While GlNSF114776and GlNSF112681share very high sequence homology, they are likely to have distinct cellular roles as they exhibit differences in their affinities towards the Glα-SNAPs and display non-overlapping distribution in encysting trophozoites. Under multiple stress conditions (nutritional, oxidative and nitrosative), while GlNSF112681remains at peripheral vesicles, GlNSF114776relocalizes to the anterior flagella-associated striated fibres, indicating a possible role in regulating flagellar motility. At this location, GlNSF114776is likely to perform a 20S complex independent function as neither Glα-SNAPs nor GlSNAREs are present there. The two paralogues are likely needed for stress adaptation as both copies have also been retained inGiardiagenomes isolated from clinical samples. This non-canonical function of the GlNSF114776may have evolved to support the unique architecture and motility of the anterior flagella.
Tacit knowledge management process, product innovation and organizational performance: exploring the role of affective trust and task efficiency
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Zia Umair , Shehzad Muhammad Usman , Sherani  
Published: August 2024

PurposeNowadays, it is hard to retain a knowledge monopoly since tacit knowledge has become essential for innovation and organizational effectiveness (ORP). This study analyzed the role of product innovation as a mediator in the relationship between the tacit knowledge management process (TKMP) and organizational performance. In addition, two moderating variables were examined: (1) Affective trust (AFT) between the tacit knowledge management process and product innovation relationship and (2) Task efficiency in product innovation and organizational performance (ORP) relationship.Design/methodology/approachAround 344 questionnaires were collected from various Chinese regions between February and April 2023 to conduct this study. The regression, mediation and moderation analyses on lower and higher-order data were evaluated using the SmartPLS approach.FindingsThe results validate that product innovation mediates the connection between managing tacit knowledge and the organization’s performance. Affective trust also plays a positive moderating role between tacit knowledge and product innovation. These results provide valuable theoretical and practical insights, substantiating various direct, indirect, mediate, and moderated effects hypotheses.Research limitations/implicationsThe scope of the study was restricted to manufacturing companies; however, further research may broaden the model’s scope to include other industries. Furthermore, future research should continue to explore the role of task efficiency in the innovation process and identify strategies for enhancing task efficiency in organizations.Practical implicationsThe study establishes the significance of effectively managing tacit knowledge for fostering product innovation. Company managers and leaders can promote employee trust, enhancing innovation capabilities and overall organizational effectiveness.Originality/valueThis study, involving dual moderation, explores the connections between processes of managing tacit knowledge, product innovation and organizational performance. It addresses research gaps, enriching the understanding of managing tacit knowledge, leading to organizational innovation and performance improvements. The study also highlights how affective trust is vital in strengthening the connection between TKMP and product innovation.
Corporate social responsibility and firm value: the role of enterprise risk management and corporate governance
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Khan Imran , Kainat Mariam , Mumtaz Adeel 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained tremendous importance after several corporate scandals, financial crises and the rise of the hyper-competitive world. Firms must address multiple stakeholders’ interests to increase firm value. This study aims to investigate the effect of CSR on firm value. This study also examines the mediating role of enterprise risk management (ERM) and the moderating influence of corporate governance (CG) in this CSR-firm value relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample of the study comprises 119 Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) listed firms and the study covers the period from 2010 to 2021. The corporate social responsibility performance has been quantified across five dimensions. These aspects are product, environment, employee relations, diversity and community. Four proxies i.e. strategy, operation, reporting and compliance, have been used to measure ERM. The governance quality of the sample companies was evaluated using the governance index, which included 29 governance provisions. The authors used the dynamic panel data technique (system-GMM) is used to achieve the objectives of the study. Furthermore, a firm’s engagement in CSR activities can also be measured through a multinational financial approach to check the robustness of the result.

Findings
Based on the regression analysis, the authors discovered that CSR was positively connected with firm value, validating the stakeholder view of CSR. Furthermore, following Baron and Kenny’s (1986) mediation technique, the findings confirm that ERM mediates this association. These results are robust by using the bootstrapping tests by Preacher and Hayes (2004). Furthermore, the result shows that corporate governance (CG) is positively connected with firm performance, and this relationship is strengthened in the presence of an effective governance system in the organization.

Practical implications
This study provides useful insights to regulators, investors and policymakers to consider CSR as a value-enhancing factor and encourage the development of enterprise risk management and compliance with CG mechanisms to improve firm value.

Originality/value
The presented analysis strengthens the existing CSR–firm value relationship by analyzing the mediating and moderating roles of ERM and CG, which have not yet been tested, particularly in the context of Pakistan.
Novel framework for learning performance prediction using pattern identification and deep learning
Authors: Weng Cheng-Hsiung , Huang Cheng-Kui 
Published: August 2024

PurposeEducational data mining (EDM) discovers significant patterns from educational data and thus can help understand the relations between learners and their educational settings. However, most previous data mining techniques focus on prediction of learning performance of learners without integrating learning patterns identification techniques.Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes a new framework for identifying learning patterns and predicting learning performance. Two modules, the learning patterns identification module and the deep learning prediction models (DNN), are integrated into this framework to identify the difference of learning performance and predicting learning performance from profiles of students.FindingsExperimental results from survey data indicate that the proposed identifying learning patterns module could facilitate identifying valuable difference (change) patterns from student’s profiles. The proposed learning performance prediction module which adapts DNN also performs better than traditional machine techniques in prediction performance metrics.Originality/valueTo our best knowledge, the framework is the only educational system in the literature for identifying learning patterns and predicting learning performance.
System-level impacts of electrification on the road freight transport system: a dynamic approach
Authors: Raoofi Zeinab , Huge Brodin Maria , Pernestål Anna 
Published: August 2024

PurposeElectrification is a promising solution for decarbonising the road freight transport system, but it is challenging to understand its impact on the system. The purpose of this research is to provide a system-level understanding of how electrification impacts the road freight transport system. The goal is to develop a model that illustrates the system and its dynamics, emphasising the importance of understanding these dynamics in order to comprehend the effects of electrification.Design/methodology/approachThe main methodological contribution of the study is the combination of the multi-layer model with system dynamics methodology. A mixed methods approach is used, including group model building, impact analysis, and literature analysis.FindingsThe study presents a conceptual multi-layer dynamic model, illustrating the complex causal relationships between variables in the different layers and how electrification impacts the system. It distinguishes between direct and induced impacts, along with potential policy interventions. Moreover, two causal loop diagrams (CLDs) provide practical insights: one explores factors influencing electric truck attractiveness, and the other illustrates the trade-off between battery size and fast charging infrastructure for electric trucks.Originality/valueThe study provides stakeholders, particularly policymakers, with a system-level understanding of the different impacts of electrification and their ripple effects. This understanding is crucial for making strategic decisions and steering the transition towards a sustainable road freight transport system.
Opportunities for self-preferencing in international online marketplaces
Authors: Jürgensmeier Lukas , Bischoff Jan , Skiera Bernd 
Published: August 2024

PurposeLarge digital platforms face intense scrutiny over self-preferencing, which involves a platform provider favoring its own offers over those of competitors. In online marketplaces, also called retail or e-commerce platforms, much of the academic and regulatory debate focuses on determining whether the marketplace provider gives preference to its own private labels, such as “Amazon Basics” or Walmart’s “Great Value” products. However, we outline, both conceptually and empirically, that self-preferencing can also occur through other dimensions of vertical integration – namely, retailing and fulfillment.Design/methodology/approachThis article contributes by conceptualizing three dimensions of vertical integration in online marketplaces – private labels, retailing and fulfillment. Then, two studies empirically assess (1) which of the 20 most-visited global online marketplaces vertically integrates which dimension and (2) which share of 600 m available offers is vertically integrated to which degree in eleven international Amazon marketplaces.FindingsThe majority of the leading marketplaces vertically integrate all three dimensions, implying ample opportunities for self-preferencing. Across international Amazon marketplaces, only 0.02% of available offers consist of an Amazon private-label product. However, Amazon is a retailer for around 31% and fulfills around 38% of all available offers in its marketplaces. Hence, self-preferencing on Amazon can occur most frequently through retailing and fulfillment but comparatively infrequently through private-label offers. Still, these shares differ substantially by country – every second offer is vertically integrated in the USA, but only one in ten in India.Originality/valueMost of the self-preferencing debate often focuses on private-label products. Instead, we present large-scale empirical results showing that self-preferencing on Amazon could occur most often through retailing and fulfillment because these channels affect much larger shares of offers. We also measure the variation of these shares across countries and relate them to regulatory environments.
Social entrepreneurship: recognition of sociocultural competencies in the higher education future
Authors: Sharifi Saeid , Khoshnevisan Fatemeh 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThe present study aimed recognition sociocultural competencies in social entrepreneurship of higher education.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a qualitative content analysis technique. In order to identify and select information-rich cases, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 22 experts among the social activists in Iran’s public and private universities based on the criterion-dependent targeted sampling method. Four credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability criteria were used to increase the accuracy of qualitative data the findings were analyzed using thematic analysis through open, axial and selective coding.FindingsSociocultural competencies in social entrepreneurship of higher education are categorized into three cognitive (cognitive requirements of entrepreneurship, sociocultural values) emotional (emotional integration, positive emotions) and behavioral (interactive communication, professional life, entrepreneurial social traits) levels at 34 subcomponents.Originality/valueHigher education with the growing trend of the challenge of cultural diversity and fusion caused by intercultural communication requires competencies that prepare social entrepreneurs for the future of higher education with the lens of socio-cultural capabilities. The neglected gap in the higher education system has empirical value for executive managers. The approach of preparing future higher education leaders for social and human benefits beyond political boundaries and cultural and social tensions, sociocultural competencies have an exclusive appeal.
Psychological well-being and autonomy are guaranteed: an analysis of the significance of cognitive emotion regulation and reflective teaching in the careers of university EFL teachers
Authors: Namaziandost Ehsan , Heydarnejad Tahereh , Ashkani Parisa , Farokhipour Sajjad 
Published: August 2024

PurposePsychological well-being is a central aspect of mental health, and it can be defined as the presence of enjoyment and fulfillment, as well as resilience. Different factors are critical in the tone and melody of language teachers’ psychological well-being. Cognitive emotion regulation (CER) pertains to the intentional cognitive strategies employed by educators in order to regulate and confront emotionally taxing content.Design/methodology/approachA quasi-experimental strategy was used in the present experimental analysis. A total of 87 EFL students were split into two groups: one to participate in the experiment and another to serve as a control. The control group of students got regular teaching without any changes or additions to their books.FindingsPath analysis results demonstrated that cognitive emotion regulation and reflective teaching were able to accurately forecast the teachers' psychological well-being at the institution.Practical implicationsThe study's results suggest that it is essential for teachers, including language instructors, to undergo training in cognitive emotion regulation and reflective teaching in order to ensure their psychological well-being.Originality/valueTo achieve an optimal level of CER, educators must be equipped with a repertoire of effective strategies to promote the necessary equilibrium. Reflective teaching encompasses the critical analysis of an educator's fundamental convictions about pedagogy and the acquisition of knowledge, as well as the evaluation of their teaching process. To date, no study reflects on the possible connections between these variables in a single study. In light of this, the focus of this study was to discover how reflective teaching and cognitive emotion regulation affect the psychological health of English as a foreign language (EFL) university professors.
We are in this together: what the COVID-19 pandemic revealed about the nature of the student-professor relationship in higher education
Authors: Mitchell Dove Lakindra 
Published: August 2024

PurposeReflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The study’s aims were to (1) Explore challenges, barriers and successes of students of color, as a result of the instructor’s approach to teaching in a remote learning environment; and (2) Determine what types of practices and approaches students of color found supportive in adjusting to a remote learning environment.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study used in-depth interviews to explore the experiences of students of color, reflecting on in-person and remote learning environments. A total of 18 students from a large public university participated in the study.FindingsThe findings suggest significant adjustments were made by both students and professors during the pandemic. Although academics were important to students, there was an emphasis on the impact on social interactions with peers and the ability to build meaningful relationships with professors. Students displayed a sense of compassion and empathy toward professors and themselves.Practical implicationsThe results from the study provide some insight into how higher education can move forward, potentially conducting future research that includes the perspectives of both students and professors to determine how to best provide support in the aftermath of a pandemic.Originality/valueThis qualitative study used in-depth interviews to explore the experiences of students of color, reflecting on in-person and remote learning environments.