bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for the history of English: Introduction
Authors: Fitzmaurice Susan , Smith Jeremy 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe extensive scholarly study over many years of the history of the English language has yielded a well established set of accounts of the histories of English sounds, structures, words and meanings. This article urges the re-examination of the evidence on which these accounts are based, and offers fresh examinations of historical changes in the language before and after 1500. The authors discuss the implications for histories of the English language of different sources of evidence, such as material objects in the form of coins, inscriptions and manuscripts, and the impact on the nature of historical investigation of newly found and available kinds of evidence, such as parish records and court papers. The article introduces the discussion of the ways in which different kinds of evidence are collected in critical research tools, like atlases, thesauruses, dictionaries and historical corpora and addresses the relationships among the data that are drawn from different sources and types of evidence, methodology and theory. Finally, the article serves as an introduction to the articles in this section which examine the methods of selecting, collecting and presenting data from different sources of evidence in different forms and ways in order to inform the best research in the history of the English language.
Evidence from sources after 1500
Authors: Beal Joan C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn the history of the English language, the period after 1500 is generally known as Modern English, which is often subdivided into Early (1500–1700) and Late (1700–1900) Modern English. Unlike the periods before 1500, the Modern English period has bequeathed a rich legacy of written material, so that, even before the advent of electronic corpora, it was possible to compile large datasets for the study of variation in lexicon, syntax, and morphology. This article examines the nature of evidence for the pronunciation of English after 1500. It shows that the different types of direct and indirect evidence all have their advantages and disadvantages, but that together they provide insights into English pronunciation in the Modern English period. The direct evidence from pronouncing dictionaries and elocution guides of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is particularly valuable.
Middle English phonology in the digital age: What written corpora can tell us about sound change
Authors: Ritt Nikolaus 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDigital corpora have revolutionized research on historical morpho-syntax and lexicology, but so far have had little impact on the study of phonological change. This can be explained in part by the fact that the relationship between spelling and phonology is not very straightforward. Focusing on Middle English, this article shows how corpus data can be exploited to investigate historical phonology: from the distribution and frequencies of morphemes, conclusions can be drawn about phonological systems and the changes they underwent even without directly investigating phonemes or larger phonotactic configurations. Two cases are presented to demonstrate the line of reasoning. The first example concerns stress assignment in English nouns and verbs, while the second concerns the long term implementation of a specific sound change.
“Small is beautiful”: On the value of standard reference corpora for observing recent grammatical change
Authors: Hundt Marianne , Leech Geoffrey 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBefore the 1990s, evidence for ongoing grammatical change was based in large part on anecdote, prescriptivism and folk wisdom. The recent advent of mega-corpora such as COCA raises the question of how much value remains in using the standard reference corpora of the first generation—the so-called Brown family. This article focuses on two recessive phenomena, namely the decline of relativizer which and the conjunction for, arguing in favour of small, carefully balanced reference corpora because they allow fine-grained analyses with respect to functional, regional and genre variation. Rise in frequency can be explained by independent processes such as grammaticalization and colloquialization. On the other hand, the declining frequency of which and for investigated in this study can at least in part be attributed to the increasing preference for other items such as the relative that, the preposition on, and the conjunction because.
Exploring aspects of the Great Complement Shift, with evidence from the TIME Corpus and COCA
Authors: Rudanko Juhani 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe term “Great Complement Shift” (GCS) refers to the major changes that have occurred in English predicate complementation. The GCS is characterized by variation and change in a number of patterns of sentential complementation, especially the spread of to -ing complements at the expense of to infinitives. This article presents case studies of two matrix predicates—the adjective prone and the verb consent—that select both patterns today. It examines the variation and change affecting the grammar of these two words, as well as the competition between two patterns of complementation that are very dissimilar from a grammatical point of view. The article uses the TIME Corpus, representing a historical corpus of American English from the 1920s onwards, and the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), representing a corpus of recent American English, for prone. Only COCA is used for consent.
Diachronic collostructional analysis meets the noun phrase: Studyingmany a nounin COHA
Authors: Hilpert Martin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article considers diachronic collostructional analysis, a method for studying semantic and stylistic change in grammatical constructions, based on the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA). The term “collostructional analysis” refers to a family of methods used to study interrelations between grammatical constructions and their lexical collocates. Whereas much work in collostructional analysis has focused on verb-headed constructions, such as modal auxiliaries, causatives, the ditransitive construction, or the passive, relatively little attention has been paid to the nominal domain. This article focuses on the English many a noun construction, which undergoes a recessive change over the past two centuries and which has been chosen because it deviates from more canonical noun phrase patterns and shows several restrictions. First, determiners are not usually preceded by quantifiers. Second, the construction is limited to many; semantically related elements such as few, little, much, or lots do not form analogous patterns. Third, no elements may intervene between many and a.
Technologies of communication
Authors: Kohnen Thomas , Mair Christian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA wave of successive innovations such as writing, the printing press, and modern mass media have extended the range of human communication beyond the “technologies” associated with face-to-face interaction. This article examines the impact of communication technologies on the history of English. Most diachronic work on English is based on the assumption that linguistic innovations, particularly in the the areas of phonology and grammar, typically start in spontaneous speech before spreading into writing, with a time lag. This implies that for most of the recorded history of English, the primary data for the study of change are lost and the best possible approximation needs to be re-constructed from available written sources. This article explores whether this assumption holds true to a comparable extent for all periods in the history of English or whether it is subject to diachronic change itself.
The competing demands of popularization vs. economy: Written language in the age of mass literacy
Authors: Biber Douglas , Gray Bethany 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTwo apparently contradictory developments have been associated with the history of the English language over the past 200 years: the increasing use of colloquial linguistic forms (associated with 'popularization') and the increasing use of compressed linguistic forms (associated with 'economy'). Both forces have influenced all written registers to some extent. But as this chapter shows, these developments have been mediated by register differences. Based on an analysis of three registers (1800-2000) that differ in their intended audiences and communicative purposes, the chapter describes historical patterns of change for both colloquial and compression features. ‘Popular’ written registers (e.g., fiction) take the lead in the increased use of colloquial features (e.g., pronouns, contractions, semi-modals). In contrast, ‘specialist informational’ registers (e.g., academic research writing) take the lead in the increased use of economy features (e.g., phrasal modifiers of nouns). This results in a major increase in the use of colloquial features in fiction, a major increase in the reliance on phrasal (rather than clausal) discourse styles in academic writing, and increases in both sets of features in 'popular informational' newspaper reportage.
Social roles, identities, and networks
Authors: Palander-Collin Minna 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOne of the relatively new approaches to understanding the history of the English language is to look at language as a social practice. In recent years, there has been increasing attention to linguistic construction of social roles and identities in earlier periods as well as the role of networks in language change and variation. According to this approach, language is connected to its users and to what they do with language in specific situations and socio-historical contexts within the confines of their linguistic repertoires. This article investigates the contextualization of language users in the history of English based on the idea that identities and social roles are time and place specific constructs that can be analyzed, for example, in networks. It considers solutions that are needed to systematize historical sociolinguistic research, including corpus methods. The article concludes by analyzing styles of self-reference in order to understand identity construction in Early Modern English with possible links to broader sociocultural changes.
Contact in the Asian arena
Authors: Lim Lisa , Ansaldo Umberto 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA consideration of the Asian region in the history of English must view the element of contact in multilingual contexts as probably the most significant phenomenon affecting the development of English. Several critical factors of contact prompting rethinking what “the English language” has become are discussed, viz. changes in different eras in the sociopolitical contexts, the diversity of vernaculars in Asia that have come into contact with English, the range of input varieties, and the general context of multilingualism. Linguistic features which are shared across a number of Asian languages and which look set to continue their influence on English are highlighted: zero copula, predicative adjectives and topic prominence, discourse particles, and tone. Finally, two contemporary and significant trends in Asia – the rapid spread of English in noncolonial Asian countries, and globalization phenomena such as electronic media, global music, and call centre outsourcing – are also noted for their contribution to contact dynamics and their subsequent impact on the continuing development of English.
The impact of focusing and defocusing on word order: Changes at the periphery in Old English and Old High German
Authors: Petrova Svetlana 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOne of the most remarkable properties of Old English (OE) syntax is variation in word order, and especially the OV/VO alternation, meaning that objects in OE can both precede and follow their selecting verb in the surface. This kind of variation is also attested in Old High German (OHG), suggesting that it represents a common Germanic property. Research interested in the explanation of the OV/VO alternation in Early Germanic has addressed the way in which information structure (IS), and especially the expression of focus, determines the positional realization of objects in the clause. By analyzing the way in which focusing and defocusing interacts with word order in OE and OHG, this article demonstrates the relevance of comparing the two languages in explaining the surface variation in the order of the verb and its object in the surface.
A Fresh Look at Music Therapy in Special Education
Authors: McFerran Katrina , Elefant Cochavit 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article discusses factors that are changing music therapy in schools. It begins with illustrations of traditional music therapy practice in special education, with explanations of the underpinning theoretical frameworks that have shaped practice. This is followed by discussions of new developments in practice that will potentially impact on music therapy in special education into the future. The article concludes with a vision for how the changes in music therapy might be embraced in order to make them even more transparent and effective.
Commentary: Music in the Community
Authors: Elliott David J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article presents an overview of Section 2 of the Oxford Handbook of Music Education, Volume 2. It considers John Dewey's (1927) thoughts on the relationship between the “goods” (values, benefits) of some kind of activity and the nature of “community.” It argues that it is highly unlikely that there will never be a fixed concept or “how-to” of community music. For however and wherever community music is conceived and practiced, this elusive phenomenon continues to evolve and diversify locally and internationally to meet the changing needs of the people it serves today and those it will serve tomorrow. It reinvents itself continuously in relation to the musics and technologies its practitioners and clients desire and appropriate; and, of course, community music matures constantly as community music facilitators deploy their creativity to reframe, adjust, combine, integrate, and overlap existing ways of empowering people to make music for the realization of its many “goods” and the many ways that music making, musical sharing, and musical caring creates “community.”
The Community within Community Music
Authors: Higgins Lee 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article discusses the concept community in relation to the larger concept of community music (CM). It suggests that the community within community music is best understood as hospitality. Hospitality encompasses the central characteristics of community music practice, broadly understood as people, participation, places, equality of opportunity, and diversity. This does not mean that hospitality should replace the term community , but that hospitality evokes the practical meaning of community in that which is named community music . From this perspective, community can be conceived as “an act of hospitality” that runs deeply through the practice of CM, and that an acute awareness of hospitality exposes the distinctiveness of CM in music education.
Intercultural Tensions and Creativity in Music
Authors: Saether Eva , Mbye Alagi , Shayesteh Reza 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines the role of creativity in the Iranian-Swedish association music school in Malmö and Maali's Music School in Gambia. Section 1 outlines the theoretical framework which combines Vygotsky's theories of creativity with current discussions in ethnomusicology on the value and nature of cultural meetings. Section 2 presents an overview of how the concept of the Other has been used in the present study, in seeking insights from the epistemology of non-Western cultures. Section 3 describes how creativity is conceived and practised in the Gambian and Persian/Swedish examples. Section 4 describes the approach used in course development for music teacher education, while Section 5 presents a summary of key principles and approaches.
Assessing Creativity in Music: International Perspectives and Practices
Authors: Leong Samuel , Burnard Pamela , Jeanneret Neryl , Leung Bo Wah , Waugh Carole 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article presents six case studies from England, Australia, and Hong Kong, which illustrate the different ways creativity in music is defined and assessed by teachers and learners in various educational contexts. It considers the influence of educational policies on the assessment of musical creativity. It also examines the key features of music creativity assessment in order to draw parallels between various contexts. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for classroom practice.
Let's Play! Learning Music through Video Games and Virtual Worlds
Authors: Tobias Evan S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines the ways video games promote musical learning and engagement. It begins by outlining the background and current scope of music-focused video games. It then situates video games in terms of new literacies. Next, it provides a theoretical framework that supports the use of video games in music education. Along with music-focused video games, it discusses the roles that music plays in video games. It argues for a re-examination of the principles and approaches for musical learning through gameplay.
Collaborative Digital Media Performance with Generative Music Systems
Authors: Brown Andrew R. , Dillon Steven C. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article describes a new class of digital performance activities that maintain the benefits of ensemble performance while providing cultural and pedagogical value by exploiting digital media practices. It focuses on a specialized software application called jam2jam, which allows real-time manipulation of generative music and video (or still image animations). The jam2jam systems can be connected over a local area network or over the Internet to create ensembles, and all networked jam2jam systems have their parameters and timing synchronized.
Music Learning and New Media in Virtual and Online Environments
Authors: Ruthmann S. Alex , Hebert David G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article begins with a discussion of the rationales for diversification of musical education environments. It then covers applications of music technology which enable new forms of musical empowerment; online music education environments; a blended/hybrid approach that features some online learning to enhance what is taught in face-to-face settings; online music teacher education; and participatory media and social media musicianship.
Instrumental Teachers and Their Students: Who's in the Driver's Seat?
Authors: Beach Nick 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Teachers of musical instruments have historically focused on ensuring that their students develop a secure technical foundation. They often discourage students from playing certain pieces until they are “ready” and take a linear approach, where each stage of technical development must be perfected before the next stage can be reached. But children live in the present and want those musical rewards now. As a result, they turn to resources available on the internet or ask for help from other people who can meet their musical needs. This article discusses the implications for music teachers.
Pride and Professionalism in Music Education
Authors: Colwell Richard 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article explores what appears to be music educators' lack of pride for their chosen profession. Studies show that even before entering the profession, music education students prefer to be identified as something other than a music education major, such as a bassoonist or a tenor. To gain respect, many music educators pay more attention to events in education than to events in music. Attracting better individuals to the profession requires a perceptual change that emphasizes scholarship and musicianship in music education. Music education also needs self-criticism and professional argumentation for music educators to take pride in its “big picture.”
Pondering the Grand Experiment in Public Music Education
Authors: Cutietta Robert A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article assesses one of the twentieth century's grandest experiments in music education—the attempt to provide participatory music education to every young person in the U.S. through the public school system. After 100 years, this experiment can be seen as reaching its end or at least the end of its first phase. If so, one possible conclusion is that while the experiment effectively reached a large proportion of the current adult population in the United States, it failed to establish a culture that could maintain it. Music education researchers can benefit by examining this period from this larger perspective.
Challenges for Research and Practices of Music Education
Authors: Olsson Bengt 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article discusses the challenges of a research-based music education. Despite the need for new research-based approaches and teacher-student roles, this does not mean that all current research or praxis is useless or not valuable. The challenge for researchers, music teachers, and students of all kinds is to find new ways to integrate research, teaching, and learning practices.
Dewey's Bastards: Music, Meaning, and Politics
Authors: Woodford Paul 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article discusses the early aesthetic education movement to illustrate how politics and social realities shaped philosophy and other scholarly work. It underscores the need for historians and philosophers to be more self-reflexive while locating their work within wider social, historical, and political contexts so that they and future teachers better appreciate the social, economic, and other forces shaping their own and the profession's thinking. It is further argued that scholars and teachers must closely examine the profession and its problems in order to identify previously obscure but important developments affecting music education.
The Work and Family Interface
Authors: Allen Tammy D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWork and family constitute a contemporary topic within the field of industrial and organizational psychology that traverses disciplinary boundaries and has important implications for both individuals and organizations. As family structures have become more heterogeneous, interest in the topic has virtually exploded over the past several decades. The aim of this chapter is to review what we know about work and family interactions. The chapter is organized so that research is reviewed from various perspectives: individual, family, organization, and global. The chapter concludes with an agenda for future research.