bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young Children's Thinking About the Future
Authors: Atance Cristina M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThinking about the future has become a focus of study in both adult and childhood cognition. Of special interest is the capacity to mentally pre‐experience future events that involve the self (or episodic future thinking) and how this capacity relates to other aspects of cognition, including memory. In this article, I review developmental psychologists’ approaches to exploring this construct in preschool‐age children. I highlight the strengths and limits of these approaches and suggest ways to further develop tasks that test future thinking. I then provide a brief overview of theories arguing for close links between episodic future thinking and memory, and episodic future thinking and theory of mind, along with relevant developmental data. I conclude by discussing challenges and directions in this area of research, including the need to identify more clearly the behaviors that reflect future thinking ability and when these develop.
Toll-like receptor 3 expression and function in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Jamin A , Dehoux L , Dossier C , Fila M , Heming N , Monteiro R C , Deschênes G 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The efficacy of steroids and immunosuppressive treatments in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) hints at the implication of immune cells in the pathophysiology of the disease. Toll-like receptor (TLR) dysfunctions are involved in many kidney diseases of immune origin, but remain little described in INS. We investigated the expression and function of TLRs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of INS children, including 28 in relapse, 23 in remission and 40 controls. No child had any sign of infection, but a higher Epstein–Barr virus viral load was measured in the PBMC of relapsing patients. TLR-3 expression was increased in B cells only during INS remission. There was a negative correlation between proteinuria and TLR-3 expression in total and the main subsets of PBMC from INS patients. The expression of TLR-8 was also increased in both CD4+ T cells and B cells in INS remission. There was a negative correlation between proteinuria and TLR-8 expression in total PBMC, CD4+ T cells and B cells of INS patients. Nevertheless, TLR-3 and TLR-8 expression was normalized in all PBMC subsets in an additional group of 15 INS patients in remission with B cell repletion after rituximab therapy. Paradoxically, interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 transactivation was increased in PBMC of all INS patients. In-vitro secretion of IFN-α and interleukin 6 were increased spontaneously in PBMC of INS remission patients, whereas PBMC from all INS patients displayed an impaired IFN-α secretion after TLR-3 stimulation. Thus, TLR-3 pathway dysfunctions may be closely involved in INS pathogenesis.
A New VMAT‐2 Inhibitor NBI‐641449 in the Treatment of Huntington Disease
Authors: Chen Sheng , Zhang Xiao‐Jie , Xie Wen‐Jie , Qiu Hong‐Yan , Liu Hui , Le Wei‐Dong 
Published: June 2015

SummaryAimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of a new VMAT‐2 inhibitor NBI‐641449 in controlling hyperkinetic movements of Huntington disease (HD) and to investigate its possible therapeutic effects.MethodsWe applied three different doses of NBI‐641449 (1, 10, 100 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks in 4‐month‐old YAC128 mice and wild‐type (WT) mice. Rotarod performance and locomotive activities were tested during the administration of the drug. The concentration of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites was quantified in the striatal tissues by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Neuron survival in striatum and huntingtin protein aggregates were assessed with immunostaining. Expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins were detected by immunoblotting.ResultsRotarod performance was significantly improved after treatment with low or middle dose of NBI‐641449 in YAC128 mice. Open field test showed that NBI‐641449 treatment could attenuate the increased horizontal activity (HACTV), total vertical movement, moving time, and moving distance in YAC128 mice. High dose of NBI‐641449 might cause sedative effects in WT and YAC128 mice. HPLC showed that NBI‐641449 caused a dose‐dependent decrease of DA, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid levels in the striatum. NeuN and DARPP‐32 immunostaining revealed that NBI‐641449 had no significant effect on the neuron survival in the striatum. However, NBI‐641449 treatment reduced the huntingtin protein aggregates in the cortex of YAC128 mice. In addition, the levels of ER stress proteins were increased in YAC128 mice, which can be suppressed by NBI‐641449.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that this new VMAT‐2 inhibitor NBI‐641449 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of HD.
Future habitat loss and extinctions driven by land‐use change in biodiversity hotspots under four scenarios of climate‐change mitigation
Authors: Jantz Samuel M. , Barker Brian , Brooks Thomas M. , Chini Louise P. , Huang Qiongyu , Moore Rachel M. , Noel Jacob , Hurtt George C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNumerous species have been pushed into extinction as an increasing portion of Earth's land surface has been appropriated for human enterprise. In the future, global biodiversity will be affected by both climate change and land‐use change, the latter of which is currently the primary driver of species extinctions. How societies address climate change will critically affect biodiversity because climate‐change mitigation policies will reduce direct climate‐change impacts; however, these policies will influence land‐use decisions, which could have negative impacts on habitat for a substantial number of species. We assessed the potential impact future climate policy could have on the loss of habitable area in biodiversity hotspots due to associated land‐use changes. We estimated past extinctions from historical land‐use changes (1500–2005) based on the global gridded land‐use data used for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report and habitat extent and species data for each hotspot. We then estimated potential extinctions due to future land‐use changes under alternative climate‐change scenarios (2005–2100). Future land‐use changes are projected to reduce natural vegetative cover by 26‐58% in the hotspots. As a consequence, the number of additional species extinctions, relative to those already incurred between 1500 and 2005, due to land‐use change by 2100 across all hotspots ranged from about 220 to 21000 (0.2% to 16%), depending on the climate‐change mitigation scenario and biological factors such as the slope of the species–area relationship and the contribution of wood harvest to extinctions. These estimates of potential future extinctions were driven by land‐use change only and likely would have been higher if the direct effects of climate change had been considered. Future extinctions could potentially be reduced by incorporating habitat preservation into scenario development to reduce projected future land‐use changes in hotspots or by lessening the impact of future land‐use activities on biodiversity within hotspots.
Aortic and Mitral Calcification Is Marker of Significant Carotid and Limb Atherosclerosis in Patients with First Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Sannino Anna , Losi Maria‐Angela , Giugliano Giuseppe , Canciello Grazia , Toscano Evelina , Giamundo Alessandra , Scudiero Fernando , Brevetti Linda , Scudiero Laura , Prastaro Maria , Perrino Cinzia , Perrone‐Filardi Pasquale , Galderisi Maurizio , Trimarco Bruno , Esposito Giovanni 
Published: June 2015

PurposeAtherosclerosis is a systemic disease and coronary artery disease is frequently associated with peripheral artery disease. As aortic and mitral valvular calcification (VC) share some etiopathogenetic mechanisms with atherosclerosis, we analyzed the risk profile and the echocardiographic characteristics of patients admitted for first acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to investigate whether the presence of VC could be a marker of asymptomatic hemodynamically significant peripheral atherosclerosis.MethodsA total of 151 patients admitted for ACS without previous history of cardiovascular disease were consecutively enrolled. The presence of VC was identified by echocardiography; a carotid stenosis ≥50% by ultrasound identified carotid artery disease (CarAD); an ankle–brachial index ≤0.9 or ≥1.4 identified lower extremity artery disease (LEAD). Significant peripheral atherosclerosis was defined by the presence of CarAD and/or LEAD.ResultsPeripheral atherosclerosis was diagnosed in 82 (54.3%) patients; isolated CarAD in 24, isolated LEAD in 20, both diseases in 38 patients. VC was present in 103 (68.2%) patients. By multivariate analysis, age (OR = 1.059, 95% CI 1.007–1.113, P = 0.025), diabetes mellitus (OR = 5.068, 95% CI 1.480–17.351, P = 0.010), VC (OR = 7.422, 95% CI 2.421–22.880, P < 0.001), and multivessel CAD (OR = 3.317, 95% CI 1.281–8.586, P = 0.013) were the only independent predictors of having peripheral atherosclerosis. C‐statistic for VC was not inferior to that obtained by age (0.728, 95% CI 0.649–0.797 vs. 0.800, 95% CI 0.727–0.861, P = 0.101) and to that obtained by the combination of multivessel CAD with diabetes (0.750; 95% CI 0.673–0.817, P = 0.635), and, furthermore, it was higher than that obtained by diabetes alone (0.620, 95% CI 0.538–0.698, P = 0.036).ConclusionRuling out the presence of significant peripheral atherosclerosis should be routinely considered in patients with ACS showing VC at echocardiography.
Estimating thermal exposure of adult summer steelhead and fall Chinook salmon migrating in a warm impounded river
Authors: Keefer Matthew L. , Caudill Christopher C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRising river temperatures in western North America have increased the vulnerability of many Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations to lethal and sublethal risks. There is a growing need to predict and manage such risks, especially for populations whose life history or geography increases the likelihood of warm‐water exposure. We estimated thermal exposure of adult summer steelhead (O. mykiss) and fall‐run Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) as they migrated through a warm (often > 20 °C), 157‐km reach of the impounded Snake River, Washington. Archival temperature loggers and radiotelemetry were used to reconstruct thermal histories for 50 steelhead and 21 salmon. Encountered temperature maxima were mostly inside dam fishways and ranged from 15.8 to 24.0 °C (mean = 19.6 °C) for steelhead and from 18.0 to 21.6 °C (19.9 °C) for salmon. Behavioural thermoregulation was evident for ~50% of steelhead and ~30% of salmon in one of three reservoirs. Degree days (DDs) calculated from archival tags ranged from 74 to 973 DDs (median = 130) for steelhead and from 56 to 220 DDs (133) for salmon. Models using river temperature data and fish migration times accurately estimated total DDs for both species except some steelhead with extended thermoregulation. In a predictive application, we estimated exposure for 10,104 steelhead and 9071 Chinook salmon with passive integrated transponder‐tag detections at dams and found considerable DD variability across individuals, species and years. This estimation method, combined with baseline thermal surveys and existing monitoring infrastructure, can help to address long‐standing questions about how warm‐water exposure affects Snake River salmon and steelhead phenology, bioenergetics, physiology, survival and reproductive success.
Cost consequences due to reduced ulcer healing times – analyses based on the Swedish Registry of Ulcer Treatment
Authors: Öien Rut F , Forssell Henrik , Ragnarson Tennvall Gunnel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractResource use and costs for topical treatment of hard‐to‐heal ulcers based on data from the Swedish Registry of Ulcer Treatment (RUT) were analysed in patients recorded in RUT as having healed between 2009 and 2012, in order to estimate potential cost savings from reductions in frequency of dressing changes and healing times. RUT is used to capture areas of improvement in ulcer care and to enable structured wound management by registering patients with hard‐to‐heal leg, foot and pressure ulcers. Patients included in the registry are treated in primary care, community care, private care, and inpatient hospital care. Cost calculations were based on resource use data on healing time and frequency of dressing changes in Swedish patients with hard‐to‐heal ulcers who healed between 2009 and 2012. Per‐patient treatment costs decreased from SEK38 223 in 2009 to SEK20 496 in 2012, mainly because of shorter healing times. Frequency of dressing changes was essentially the same during these years, varying from 1·4 to 1·6 per week. The total healing time was reduced by 38%. Treatment costs for the management of hard‐to‐heal ulcers can be reduced with well‐developed treatment strategies resulting in shortened healing times as shown in RUT.
Care of patients in emergency department waiting rooms – an integrative review
Authors: Innes Kelli , Jackson Debra , Plummer Virginia , Elliott Doug 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo conduct an integrative review of primary research examining patient care roles introduced into emergency department waiting rooms.BackgroundInternationally, emergency departments are under pressure to meet increasing patient demand with limited resources. Several initiatives have been developed that incorporate a healthcare role in waiting rooms, to assess and initiate early interventions to decrease waiting times, detect patient deterioration and improve communication. The literature reporting these roles has not been systematically evaluated.DesignIntegrative review.Data sourcesPublished English‐language peer reviewed articles in CINAHL, Scopus, Medline and Web of Knowledge between 2003–2014.Review methodsIdentified literature was evaluated using an integrative review framework, incorporating methodological critique and narrative synthesis of findings.ResultsSix papers were included, with three waiting room roles identified internationally – clinical initiative nurse, Physician‐Nurse Supplementary Assessment Team and clinical assistants. All roles varied in terms of definitions, scope, responsibilities and skill sets of individuals in the position. There was limited evidence that the roles decreased waiting times or improved patient care, especially during busy periods. Of note, staff members performing these roles require high‐level therapeutic relationship and effective interpersonal skills with patients, family and staff. The role requires support from other staff, particularly during periods of high workload, for optimal functioning and effective patient care.ConclusionGeneralisations and practice recommendations are limited due to the lack of available literature. Further research is required to evaluate the impact emergency department waiting room roles have on patient outcomes and staff perspectives.
Enhancing formal e‐learning with edutainment on social networks
Authors: Labus A. , Despotović‐Zrakić M. , Radenković B. , Bogdanović Z. , Radenković M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper reports on the investigation of the possibilities of enhancing the formal e‐learning process by harnessing the potential of informal game‐based learning on social networks. The goal of the research is to improve the outcomes of the formal learning process through the design and implementation of an educational game on a social network and its integration with a learning management system (LMS) of an educational institution. As a proof of concept, a Facebook educational game that enables students to learn and test their knowledge was developed. Furthermore, the game was integrated with the Moodle LMS and the evaluation was performed within the e‐learning system at the Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade. The results show that the application of social network edutainment in an e‐learning ecosystem has a positive impact on both the students' results and their satisfaction with the learning process as a whole.
Factors influencing Saprolegnia spp. spore numbers in Norwegian salmon hatcheries
Authors: Thoen E , Evensen Ø , Skaar I 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA quantitative survey of Saprolegnia spp. in the water systems of Norwegian salmon hatcheries was performed. Water samples from 14 salmon hatcheries distributed along the Norwegian coastline were collected during final incubation in the hatcheries. Samples of inlet and effluent water were analyzed to estimate Saprolegnia propagule numbers. Saprolegnia spores were found in all samples at variable abundance. Number of spores retrieved varied from 50 to 3200 L−1 in inlet water and from 30 to >5000 L−1 in effluent water. A significant elevation of spore levels in effluent water compared to inlet water was detected. The estimated spore levels were related to recorded managerial and environmental parameters, and the number of spores in inlet water and temperature was the factor having most influence on the spore concentration in the incubation units (effluent water). Further, the relative impact of spore concentration on hatching rates was investigated by correlation analysis. From this was found that even high spore counts did not impact significantly on hatching success.
Distribution of haemic neoplasia of soft‐shelled clams in Prince Edward Island: an examination of anthropogenic factors and effects of experimental fungicide exposure
Authors: Mateo D R , MacCallum G S , McGladdery S E , Davidson J 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHaemic neoplasia was first considered a disease of concern for soft‐shell clams in Prince Edward Island (PEI) when it was diagnosed as the cause of mass mortalities in 1999. The aetiology of the disease remains elusive, but has been associated with environmental degradation. In this study, a 2‐year (2001–2002) geographic and seasonal survey was conducted for haemic neoplasia, using histology, in soft‐shell clams from PEI. In addition, using geographic information system, the association between anthropogenic factors in the watersheds at sites affected by haemic neoplasia and the prevalence of the disease was investigated. Finally, histopathological changes were assessed in soft‐shell clams experimentally exposed to four concentrations of chlorothalonil for 27 days. Haemic neoplasia could not be induced at any concentration of chlorothalonil. Clams exposed to a concentration of 1000 μg L−1 of the fungicide, however, exhibited an LC50 of 17 days. Although this information provides additional toxicity information (LC50) for soft‐shell clams, further experiments are required to assess longer term exposure to the fungicide. The highest prevalences of haemic neoplasia in PEI were found in North River and Miscouche (28.3–50.9% and 33.0–77.8%, respectively). No clear seasonal patterns were found. There was a correlation between haemic neoplasia prevalence and watersheds with a high percentage of potato acreage and forest coverage (P = 0.026 and P = 0.045, respectively), suggesting a link between anthropogenic activity and the prevalence of the disease.
Six Years of Criticality Assessments: What Have We Learned So Far?
Authors: Graedel T. E. , Reck Barbara K. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe “criticality” of the various elements used in modern technologies is a topic of increasing interest, with groups from governments, consultancies, and academic institutions developing a variety of methodologies and using them to make assessments. Other groups from similar organizations are studying the methodologies that generate these assessments. Here, we analyze the different types of studies, review issues of methodology, and comment on features of nine different studies published between 2008 and mid‐2014. From these studies, we derive lists of problematic, debatable, and desirable aspects of criticality studies. We emphasize that the criticality of an element can vary depending on the target organization and that, because criticality is a dynamic state, it must be periodically re‐evaluated. There is substantial value to be derived if a more uniform methodology could be developed. We discuss how a harmonized methodological framework might be achieved and what its benefits could be. Putting into place such a structure for collaborative and publicly available criticality determinations would be very likely to better serve the present and future needs of corporations and governments than is the case at present, where different methodologies generate different results.
Age‐specific determinants of post‐partum fatigue in primiparous women
Authors: Tsuchiya Miyako , Mori Emi , Sakajo Akiko , Maekawa Tomoko , Iwata Hiroko , Maehara Kunie , Morita Akiko , Ozawa Harumi , Mochizuki Yoshimi , Aoki Kyoko , Makaya Miyuki , Tamakoshi Koji 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimPost‐partum fatigue is a serious concern for mothers worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify age‐specific determinants of self‐perceived fatigue after childbirth among Japanese primiparous women.MethodsA multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in Japan. The degree of fatigue was assessed using the Postnatal Accumulated Fatigue Scale during the hospital stay after childbirth. Associated factors were stratified into two age groups (<35 or ≥35 years old); data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression.ResultsIn the younger group, significant determinants of post‐partum fatigue included: anticipated difficulties in child‐rearing after discharge; perception of inadequate sleep conditions; dissatisfaction with childbirth; shorter sleep and meal times; longer duration between feeding and infant bedtime; unemployment; and having hyperemesis gravidarum. In the older group, significant determinants of post‐partum fatigue included: anticipated difficulties in child‐rearing after discharge; perception of inadequate sleep conditions; shorter meal times; formula feeding; and dissatisfaction with childbirth.ConclusionPrimiparous mothers who anticipated new life with their infants to be difficult and who had an irregular lifestyle tended to report higher levels of fatigue during the post‐partum hospital stay. Nurses and midwives should assess maternal sleep and eating conditions, providing support to ensure adequate maternal rest. Special efforts should be made to reduce anxiety about new life with infants among younger primiparous women who had experienced hyperemesis gravidarum.