bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development, Optimization, and Validation of a Green and Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for Determination of Daptomycin in Lyophilized Powder
Authors: Tótoli Eliane Gandolpho , Salgado Hérida Regina Nunes 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Daptomycin is an antimicrobial that plays an important role in clinical practice today because it is considered a promising drug to combat resistant strains, such as methicilin and vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Considering the analysis of daptomycin in a pharmaceutical dosage form, the only method found in literature uses potentially toxic organic solvents. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop a green and stability-indicating HPLC method for determination of daptomycin in lyophilized powder. The mobile phase was ethanol–water (55 + 45, v/v) at pH 4.5 pumped at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. A C18 column was used, and UV detection was performed at 221 nm. Stress degradation studies were conducted in order to demonstrate the specificity and stability-indicating capability of the method. The method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, proving to be linear (r = 0.9996), precise, accurate, robust (demonstrated by the Plackett-Burman model), and specific within the range 20–70 μg/mL. The retention time of daptomycin was 5.8 min. It can be concluded that the validated method can be a fast, safe, and environmentally friendly alternative for the analysis of daptomycin.
A Quercetin Biosensor Based on Chitosan-Entrapped Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode Coated with DNA
Authors: Rezazadeh Fatemeh , Mohamadi Maryam , Afzali Daryoush , Shamspur Tayebeh , Mostafavi Ali 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This paper presents an easy, fast, low cost, and sensitive approach for the electrochemical determination of quercetin based on its intercalation into DNA double helix. Electrochemical studies of the interaction between quercetin and DNA showed a decrease in peak currents with a reduction in redox reversibility of quercetin in the presence of the DNA. The electrochemical behavior of quercetin at a chitosan-entrapped carbon nanotube paste electrode coated with DNA was studied. A considerable increase was observed in the oxidation signal of quercetin at the DNA-coated electrode compared with a DNA-free electrode, indicating the preconcentration of quercetin due to its interaction with the surface-confined DNA layer. After optimizing the main experimental parameters influencing the biosensor response, its performance was evaluated from an analytical point of view. Two linear dependences of the anodic peak current of quercetin on its concentration were observed in the ranges of 0.40–7.50 and 7.50–30.0 μmol/L, with LOD and LOQ of 0.039 and 0.13 μmol/L, respectively. The proposed biosensor was successfully applied to the analysis of black and green tea extracts for their quercetin content.
Method Modification of the Thermo Scientific SureTect Listeria monocytogenes Assay for Raw Meat, Dairy, Produce, and Seafood
Authors: Cloke Jonathan , Evans Katharine , Crabtree David , Hughes Annette , Simpson Helen , Leon-Velarde Carlos , Larson Nathan , Dave Keron , Holopainen Jani , Wickstrand Nina , Kauppinen Mikko 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Listeria monocytogenes assay is a real-time PCR assay for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food and environmental samples, which was certified during 2013 by the AOAC Research Institute (RI) as Performance Tested MethodSM (PTM) 061302 for a representative range of key food matrixes and production surfaces. This report details the method modification study, which was conducted during 2014, using the AOAC-RI PTM program to extend the validated matrix claims of the assay in comparison to the reference method detailed in International Organization for Standardization 11290-1:1996, including Amendment 1:2004, to gain certification for raw ground turkey, raw ground pork, pasteurized 2% milk, raw pork sausages, raw cod, pasteurized brie cheese, cooked sliced ham, and bagged lettuce. All matrixes were tested by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Microbiology Division, Basingstoke, UK. In addition, brie cheese, bagged lettuce, and raw cod were analyzed independently by the University of Guelph, Canada, during the AOAC-RI controlled independent laboratory study. Using probability of detection (POD) statistical analysis, a significant difference was demonstrated between the candidate and reference methods for the high spiking level with raw ground pork and brie cheese. For all other matrixes and the low spiked levels for raw ground pork and brie cheese, no significant difference by POD was seen between the two methods during the study.
Partially Hydrolyzed Gluten in Fermented Cereal-Based Products by R5 Competitive ELISA: Collaborative Study, First Action 2015.05
Authors: Lacorn Markus , Weiss Thomas 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In 2008, the AACC International Protein Technical Committee (now Protein and Enzymes Technical Committee) initiated a collaborative study of a method for determining gluten in fermented products, using an R5 competitive ELISA system. The method has been approved as AACCI Approved Method AACCI 38-55.02. The new method has been validated for testing fermented foods and beverages to determine that they conform to the Codex threshold of 20 mg of gluten/kg in total for gluten-free products. It is recommended that the method be accepted by AOAC as Official First Action.
Sterilization of Fusarium oxysporum by treatment of non-thermalequilibrium plasma in nutrient solution
Authors: Yasui Shinji , Seki Satoshi , Yoshida Ryohei , Shoji Kazuhiro , Terazoe Hitoshi 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Fusarium wilt of spinach due to F. oxysporum infection is one of the most destructive root diseases in hydroponics in factories using the nutrient film technique. We investigated new technologies for the sterilization of microconidia of F. oxysporum by using a non-thermalequilibrium plasma treatment method in nutrient solution. Specifically, we investigated the sterilization capabilities of five types of gas (air, O2, N2, He, and Ar) used for plasma generation. The highest sterilization capability was achieved by using O2 plasma. However, ozone, which causes growth inhibition, was then generated and released into the atmosphere. The sterilization capability was lower when N2 or air plasma was used in the nutrient solution. It was confirmed that sterilization can be achieved by plasma treatment using inert gases that do not generate ozone; therefore, we determined that Ar plasma is the most preferable. In addition, we investigated the sterilization capabilities of other factors associated with Ar plasma generation, without direct plasma treatment. However, none of these other factors, which included Ar bubbling, pH reduction, increased temperature, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and UV radiation, could completely reproduce the results of direct plasma treatment. We assume that radicals such as O or OH may contribute significantly to the sterilization of microconidia of F. oxysporum in a nutrient solution.
Movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone during the mid‐pleistocene transition and the response of atmospheric and surface ocean circulations in the central equatorial Pacific
Authors: Seo Inah , Lee Yong Il , Kim Wonnyon , Yoo Chan Min , Hyeong Kiseong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates the causes of a brief, but prominent, cooling episode (1.1–0.8 Ma) that occurred in the equatorial upwelling region of the Atlantic and Pacific during the mid‐Pleistocene transition (MPT) using temporal changes in dust provenance, regional hydrology, and surface productivity recorded in a deep‐sea sediment core from the central equatorial Pacific. The 87Sr/86Sr and ɛNd values of the inorganic silicate fraction indicate deposition of dust from Australia and Central/South America before 0.8 Ma, but a gradual increase in Asian dust deposition after 0.8 Ma. The change in dust provenance was accompanied by an increased dust flux and a decrease in surface productivity and salinity. These changes can be explained by the southward movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC) and the direct influence of these features on the site after 0.8 Ma. Our results, together with previously published Atlantic data, suggest the northward position of the ITCZ between 1.1 and 0.9 Ma, and the southward position thereafter. The meridional movement of the ITCZ is in phase with the cooling and warming trend in upwelling regions in the equatorial Pacific and Atlantic, which suggests strengthening of southeast trades relative to its northern counterpart between 1.1 and 0.9 Ma as a plausible cause of this brief cooling event. The southward movement of the ITCZ from 0.9 to 0.8 Ma indicates more significant cooling in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) than in the Southern Hemisphere, which is supportive of the interpretation that the NH ice sheet expanded significantly and stabilized after 0.9 Ma.
Increased nuisance flooding along the coasts of the United States due to sea level rise: Past and future
Authors: Moftakhari Hamed R. , AghaKouchak Amir , Sanders Brett F. , Feldman David L. , Sweet William , Matthew Richard A. , Luke Adam 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMean sea level has risen tenfold in recent decades compared to the most recent millennia, posing a serious threat for population and assets in flood‐prone coastal zones over the next century. An increase in the frequency of nuisance (minor) flooding has also been reported due to the reduced gap between high tidal datums and flood stage, and the rate of sea level rise (SLR) is expected to increase based on current trajectories of anthropogenic activities and greenhouse gases emissions. Nuisance flooding (NF), however nondestructive, causes public inconvenience, business interruption, and substantial economic losses due to impacts such as road closures and degradation of infrastructure. It also portends an increased risk in severe floods. Here we report substantial increases in NF along the coasts of United States due to SLR over the past decades. We then take projected near‐term (2030) and midterm (2050) SLR under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs), 2.6 and 8.5, to estimate the increase in NF. The results suggest that on average, ‐ 80 ± 10% local SLR causes the median of the NF distribution to increase by 55 ± 35% in 2050 under RCP8.5. The projected increase in NF will have significant socio‐economic impacts and pose public health risks in coastal regions.
Does an ionospheric hole appear after an inland earthquake?
Authors: Kamogawa Masashi , Kanaya Tatsuya , Orihara Yoshiaki , Toyoda Atsushi , Suzuki Yuko , Togo Shoho , Liu Jann‐Yenq 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIonospheric disturbances occurred as a result of the tsunami associated with the 2011 M9.0 off the Pacific Coast of the Tohoku earthquake (EQ). The ionospheric disturbances propagated radially from the tsunami source area, termed the traveling ionospheric disturbance. In addition to the traveling ionospheric disturbance, an ionospheric plasma depression lasting for approximately 1 h occurred above the tsunami source area, called a tsunami ionospheric hole. In this study, we compare the ionospheric disturbances caused by large inland and submarine EQs to investigate whether an ionospheric plasma depression only occurs in association with a tsunami. Note that we term an EQ with a tsunami a submarine EQ. To investigate the presence of a plasma depression, i.e., an ionospheric hole, associated with an inland EQ, data on total electron content between the global positioning system satellite and its receivers were used. Comparison of two inland and two submarine EQ events with similar magnitudes around 7 showed that ionospheric holes were observed only for the submarine EQs. This discrepancy might be attributed to the different excitation amplitudes of the atmospheric acoustic waves between the unidirectional fault displacement and the tsunami uplift/depression, corresponding to quarter and one‐period variations. From this hypothesis, we predicted that an ionospheric hole could be observed after a significantly large inland EQ with a sufficiently large vertical ground displacement. In fact, we recognized the ionospheric hole generated by the large inland EQ that recently occurred in the Nepal with the magnitude of 7.8 on 25 April 2015.
On the relationship between weakening of the northern polar vortex and the lunar tidal amplification in the equatorial electrojet
Authors: Siddiqui Tarique A. , Stolle Claudia , Lühr Hermann , Matzka Jürgen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEnhanced lunar tidal effects in the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) during northern winters in the form of “big L” days have been known for a long time. Recent studies suggest that the changes in the tidal propagation conditions due to stratospheric sudden warmings could be responsible for this phenomenon. In this work we have used the H component of the magnetic field recorded at Huancayo from 1997 to 2013 to study the relation between the timing and magnitude of the semimonthly lunar tide in the EEJ and the stratospheric polar vortex weakening (PVW). We prefer a definition of PVW by taking into account the atmospheric conditions from December to February for each winter. Our results indicate that the semimonthly lunar tide in the EEJ gets enhanced during northern winters when a significant PVW occurs and its peak timing and magnitude is correlated with the timing and intensity of PVW. The timing of lunar tidal peaks and PVW correlate better than their respective magnitudes. Our results suggest that the initiation of the lunar tidal enhancement in most of the cases is closely related to a PVW event. Furthermore, we discuss events where the semimonthly lunar tidal enhancements are not well timed with respect to PVW. We also suggest that the amount of tropospheric forcing into the stratosphere plays a major role in the enhancement of the lunar tides in the EEJ.
Evaluating MJO event initiation and decay in the skeleton model using an RMM‐like index
Authors: Stachnik Justin P. , Waliser Duane E. , Majda Andrew J. , Stechmann Samuel N. , Thual Sulian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) skeleton model is a low‐order dynamic model that is capable of simulating many of the observed features of the MJO. This study develops a model‐based “MJO” index that is similar to the well‐known real‐time multivariate MJO (RMM) index to better facilitate comparison between the skeleton model and observational data. Multivariate and univariate empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses were performed on the convective heating and zonal wind data taken from the skeleton model for simulations forced with an idealized warm pool and observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The leading EOF modes indicated a wave number 1 convectively coupled circulation anomaly with zonal asymmetries that closely resembled the observed RMM EOFs, especially when the model was forced with observed SSTs. The RMM‐like index was used to compute an MJO climatology and document the occurrence of primary, continuing, and terminating MJO events in the skeleton model. The overall amount of MJO activity and event lengths compared reasonably well to observations for such a simple model. Attempts at reconciling the observed geographic distribution of individual MJO initiation and termination events were not successful for the stochastic simulations, though stochasticity is necessary in order to produce composite MJOs that initiate and decay with time scales similar to observations. Finally, analysis indicates that the existence of slow‐moving, eastward traveling waves with higher wave numbers (k ≈ 12) embedded within the large‐scale flow often precedes MJO termination in the skeleton model.
Cardiac Abnormalities in Adult Patients With Polymyositis or Dermatomyositis as Assessed by Noninvasive Modalities
Authors: Diederichsen L. P. , Simonsen J. A. , Diederichsen A. C. , Hvidsten S. , Hougaard M. , Junker P. , Søndergaard K. , Lundberg I. E. , Tvede N. , Sandgaard N. C. F. , Christensen A. F. , Dreyer L. , Kay S. , Eskerud K. S. , Petersen H. , Ejstrup L. , Jacobsen S. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveCardiac events are a major cause of death in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. The study objective was in a controlled setting to describe cardiac abnormalities by noninvasive methods in a cohort of patients with polymyositis (PM) or dermatomyositis (DM) and to identify predictors for cardiac dysfunction.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, 76 patients with PM/DM and 48 matched healthy controls (HCs) were assessed by serum levels of cardiac troponin I, electrocardiography, Holter monitoring, echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging, and quantitative cardiac 99mTc‐pyrophosphate (99mTc‐PYP) scintigraphy.ResultsCompared to HCs, patients with PM/DM more frequently had left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) (12% versus 0%; P = 0.02) and longer QRS and QT intervals (P = 0.007 and P < 0.0001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, factors associated with LVDD were age (P = 0.001), disease duration (P = 0.004), presence of myositis‐specific or ‐associated autoantibodies (P = 0.05), and high cardiac 99mTc‐PYP uptake (P = 0.006). In multivariate analysis of the pooled data for patients and HCs, a diagnosis of PM/DM (P < 0.0001) was associated with LVDD.ConclusionPatients with PM or DM had an increased prevalence of cardiac abnormalities compared to HCs. LVDD was a common occurrence in PM/DM patients and correlated to disease duration. In addition, the association of LVDD with myositis‐specific or ‐associated autoantibodies and high cardiac 99mTc‐PYP uptake supports the notion of underlying autoimmunity and myocardial inflammation in patients with PM/DM.
Online data‐driven composite adaptive backstepping control with exact differentiators
Authors: Pan Yongping , Liu Yiqi , Yu Haoyong 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThis paper presents an online data‐driven composite adaptive backstepping control for a class of parametric strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with mismatched uncertainties, where both tracking errors and prediction errors are utilized to update parametric estimates. Hybrid exact differentiators are applied to obtain the derivatives of virtual control inputs such that the complexity problem of integrator backstepping can be avoided. Closed‐loop tracking error equations are integrated in a moving‐time window to generate prediction errors such that online recorded data can be utilized to improve parameter adaptation. Semiglobal asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system is rigorously established by the time‐scales separation and Lyapunov synthesis. The proposed composite adaptation can not only avoid the application of identification models and linear filters resulting in a simpler control structure, but also suppress parametric uncertainties and external perturbations via the time‐interval integral. Simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed approach possesses superior control performances under both noise‐free and noisy‐measurement environments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 3‐Arylpyridines via Palladium/Copper‐Catalyzed Annulation of Allylamine/1,3‐Propanediamine and Aldehydes
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Yang Shenghua , Xiang Likui , Pang Xiaobo , Chen Baohua , Huang Guosheng , Yan Rulong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel and efficient method for the synthesis of 3‐arylpyridines from allylamine/propanediamine and aldehydes by palladium/copper‐catalyzed oxidative tandem cyclization has been developed. With this reaction, a series of desired 3‐arylpyridines was synthesized in moderate yields via CC/CN bond formation and 6‐endo/exo‐trig cyclization.magnified image
Nachwachsende Rohstoffe: das Problem der Katalysatordesaktivierung und Wege zu seiner Lösung
Authors: Lange Jean‐Paul 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDas vergangene Jahrzehnt war Zeuge vielzähliger Forschungsarbeiten zur Umwandlung biobasierter Rohstoffe in Kraftstoffe und Chemikalien. Während der Forschungsschwerpunkt auf der Entwicklung neuer aktiver und selektiver Katalysatoren liegt, findet deren langfristige Stabilität weit weniger Aufmerksamkeit. Dieser Aufsatz erörtert die Hauptanforderungen an langfristige Katalysatorstabilität, diskutiert einige Grundlagen und schlägt Wege zum Erreichen dieses Ziels vor. Drei wesentliche Probleme werden besprochen: Katalysatorverschmutzung, Katalysatorvergiftung und Katalysatorzersetzung. Verschmutzung bezieht sich generell auf die Abscheidung unlöslicher Komponenten, die entweder aus den Ausgangsstoffen selbst oder aus der Zersetzung von Ausgangsstoffen/Zwischenprodukten stammen. Vergiftung beschreibt die Abscheidung elektropositiver Kontaminanten (z. B. Alkali‐ und Erdalkalimetalle) an sauren Zentren oder diejenige elektronegativer Kontaminanten (z. B. N und S) an Hydrierungszentren. Katalysatorzersetzung schließlich resultiert aus der thermodynamischen Instabilität der meisten oxidischen Träger, festen Säuren und Basen sowie der Hydrierfunktionen unter hydrothermalen Bedingungen.
Synthesis and characterization of main‐chain, second‐order, nonlinear optical polyurethanes with isolation moieties and zigzag structures
Authors: Li Ying , Yu Ting , Li Zuojia , Wang Zhenguo , Peng Qiang 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, two main‐chain second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) polyurethanes were successfully prepared with indole‐based chromophores. The introduced phenyl isolation group and the continuous zigzag polymer backbone were found to be helpful for effectively decreasing the intermolecular dipole–dipole interactions and enhancing the NLO properties of the resulting polymers. The studied polymers exhibited good optical transparency, high thermal stability, and excellent NLO effects; this indicated that the nonlinearity–stability trade‐off and nonlinearity–transparency trade‐off could be alleviated by this newly designed polymer system. Poly{4‐anilinocarbonyl[N‐ethoxyl‐5‐phenyl‐3‐azo(2′‐oxyethylene‐4′‐nitrobenzene)indole]carbonylimino} with a zigzag backbone showed a large second harmonic generation coefficient (d33) value of 88.4 pm/V. However, poly{5‐naphthyliminocarbonyl[N‐ethoxyl‐5‐phenyl‐3‐azo(2′‐oxyethylene‐4′‐nitrobenzene)indole]carbonylimino} (PUAZN) with a continuous zigzag structure exhibited a higher d33 value of 116.2 pm/V, which was attributed to the unique rigid and zigzag linkage of 1,5‐naphthalene as the isolation spacer. The enhanced NLO efficiency and relatively longer term temporal stability made PUAZN as a promising candidate for practical applications in photonic devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42974.