bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing water quality of a major rainfed river system of western India: insights from the Bhima river using water quality index
Authors: Yash  , Ghosh Anwesha , Arora Roshni , Kumar Chakresh , Bhadury Punyasloke 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Bhima River originating from the Western Ghats of India, a global biodiversity hotspot, is one of the most dammed rivers, used intensively for multifaceted purposes including agriculture and domestic usage. The present study was undertaken from early pre-monsoon to start of monsoon of 2023 encompassing 68 sampling points across Bhima River and its tributaries to develop the water quality index (WQI). Environmental parameters including SWT, pH, DO, TDS and EC were measured in situ during the time of sampling. Surface water samples (1 L) was collected for estimation of dissolved nutrients. The concentration of dissolved oxygen was found to be below 2 mg l−1 in several sampling points representing hypoxic conditions of the riverine system. TDS and EC ranged from 55.12 ppm to 2983 ppm and 108.3 μS cm−1 to 5939 μS cm−1 respectively, indicating significant spatial and temporal variations. The concentration of dissolved ammonia (0.05 mg l−1–14.09 mg l−1), nitrate (5.88 mg l−1 to 1596.16 mg l−1), o-phosphate (0.21 mg l−1–35.47 mg l−1) and reactive silicate (36.70 mg l−1 to 1455.15 mg l−1) indicates possible influx of agricultural run-off and untreated municipal discharges. Calculations of water quality index (WQI) using the measured parameters showed ‘bad to very bad’ and ‘medium to good’ water quality along the Bhima River and its tributaries. In-depth analyses of WQI indicates pollution ‘hot-spots’ and hints toward urgent implementation of basin-level mitigation strategies for improvement of the ecological health of Upper Bhima basin.
High rates of hydrogen sulfide emissions measured from marginal oil wells near Austin and San Antonio, Texas
Authors: Townsend-Small Amy , Edgar Abigail , Fernandez Julianne M , Jackson Amy , Currit Nathan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Marginal oil and gas wells, or wells that produce less than 15 barrels of oil equivalent per day, represent 80% of actively producing wells in the United States, although they produce less than 10% of energy supply. Marginal wells are a disproportionate source of methane (CH4) relative to their production, and they emit harmful air pollutants, such as benzene and other hydrocarbons found in oil and natural gas. We made direct measurements of CH4 and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions from 46 wellheads in the Luling Field, Caldwell County, Texas, just east of the Austin/San Antonio Metroplex. We found that these wells are venting natural gas and are a large source of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a poisonous air pollutant. Hydrogen sulfide emission rates ranged from 0 to 5 ± 0.5 g H2S hr−1 with an average emission rate of 1.6 ± 0.1 g H2S hr−1. We also found ambient concentrations of H2S at dangerous levels (>100 ppm) near many of the wells. Methane emission rates were in line with previous studies of marginal wells, ranging from 0.0 to 2770 ± 390 g CH4 hr−1, with a skewed distribution and average emission rate of 710 ± 100 g CH4 hr−1. Oil production records from Texas were incomplete: some wells had oil production data from the year of sampling, but many had no production data for several years or decades, although they were actively pumping while we were on site. Interviews with local residents indicate that the closing of the county gas processing plant and subsequent loss of gathering lines may be the cause of gas venting and CH4 and H2S emissions from production sites. This deserves further scrutiny, as marginal wells in this region are a major source of H2S, a health hazard to people living and working nearby.
Reconstruction of sea ice variability in the Chukchi Sea during the last three centuries based on biomarker proxies
Authors: Jalali Bassem , Sicre Marie-Alexandrine , Ren Jian , Klein Vincent , Li Zhongqiao , Su Liang , Bai Youcheng , Astakhov Anatolii S , Chen Jianfang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, we reconstruct three-century of sea ice cover history in the Chukchi Sea from the downcore profile of total organic carbon (TOC) and biomarker proxies, namely the Ice Proxy with 25 carbon atoms (IP25), the di- and tri-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid (HBI II and HBI III) and two phytosterols (brassicasterol and dinosterol) in three sediment cores from the northern, eastern and southern Chukchi Sea reflecting different sea ice conditions. Our data indicate higher IP25 values in the eastern site and lowest ones in the northern Chukchi Sea site that are consistent with the modern sea ice distribution. They also underline the predominance of sympagic over pelagic production except at the southern site where pelagic production depicts a sharp increased over the last decades. We present a new approach improving the linear relationship between PIIIIP25 (PBIP25) and satellite-derived spring (summer) sea ice concentrations (SIC) to advance sea ice reconstructions across the Arctic Ocean. This method results in better assessment of PIP25 derived SIC and reconstruction of past seasonal sea ice conditions. They indicate marginal sea ice conditions at the three sites until 1950s–1960s followed by a reduction of seasonal sea ice as captured by PBIP25 index.
Child of the Delta
Authors: Alcántara Jared E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter catalogues Joseph H. Jackson’s humble beginnings in Rudyard, Mississippi, his educational journey in Jackson, his first pastorate in Macomb, and his vocation as a circuit-rider in the Delta region. Rudyard was a town so small that the U.S. Census Bureau did not keep a record of its population. It was located in Coahoma County, a county that was 88 percent Black and 12 percent White, in the heart of the Mississippi Delta, a region filled with former slave plantations and plagued by racial terrorism. Various sources are consulted, such as Jackson’s recollections in writings, biographical materials, U.S. Census reports, and research by historians.
Ascending the Ranks
Authors: Alcántara Jared E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter tracks Joseph H. Jackson’s ascendance through the ranks of his denomination, the National Baptist Convention. He moved from virtual anonymity as a circuit-riding preacher in rural Mississippi and a graduate of Jackson College in the early 1920s to a preacher, leader, and statesman of international renown by the late 1930s. Before being selected to replace L. K. Williams as senior pastor at Olivet Baptist in Chicago, he made stops in pastorates in Macomb, Mississippi, Omaha, Nebraska, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He also preached to tens of thousands and traveled the world as general secretary of the Foreign Mission Board of the NBC.
The Unforgotten Women of the Islamic State
Authors: Vale Gina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Unforgotten Women of the Islamic State explores the governance of the Islamic State (IS) terrorist organization through the lives and words of local Iraqi, Syrian, and Kurdish women. While the roles and activities of foreign (predominantly Western), pro-IS women have garnered significant attention, the experiences and insights of local civilian populations have been largely overlooked.
Drawing on the testimonies of sixty-three local Sunni Muslim and Yazidi women, The Unforgotten Women of the Islamic State exposes the group’s intra-gender stratified system of governance. Eligibility for the group’s protection, security, ‘citizenship’, and entrance into the (semi-)public sphere was not universal, but required convergence with IS’s gender norms, through permanent erasure or at least temporary disguise of certain markers of difference. In some cases, this was directed by a premeditated ‘divide and conquer’ strategy; in others, this manifested as unregulated violences at the hands of individual group members, including women.
The structure follows the trajectory of IS’s increasing control of its ‘citizens’ and captive populations, from its militarization of society; imposition of law and order; provision of goods and services; and intervention in civilians’ private lives. Through analysis of diverse first-hand accounts and the group’s documentation, Vale argues that the presence, exclusion, and victimization of local civilian women were necessary to the functioning and legitimation of IS’s ‘caliphate’ project, and the supremacy of affiliated men—and women. As a fledgling proto-state, IS needed local Iraqi, Syrian, and Kurdish women. Though far from represented or protected, they were by no means forgotten.
Introduction
Authors: Vale Gina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The introduction starts with the escape of two Iraqi sisters from their hometown of Mosul—Iraq’s second largest city and then a cornerstone of the Islamic State (IS) terrorist group’s project to establish and govern its proto-state. This story and the diverse experiences of local civilian women have been largely omitted from media and scholarship concerning the ‘women of IS’, thereby highlighting a key gap in current analysis. The chapter introduces intersectionality as the corrective lens of this book that reveals IS’s intra-gender stratified system of governance. The original framework of interconnected areas of control—militarization of society, imposition of law and order, goods and service provision, and intervention in civilians’ private lives—allows readers to unpick how the subordination of particular women in particular ways and spaces was integral to the functioning and legitimation of IS’s ‘caliphate’ project and the supremacy of its affiliated men and women.
Militarization of Society
Authors: Vale Gina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Islamic State’s (IS) ‘caliphate’ was a society at war. This chapter examines the group’s militarized proto-state from the perspectives of local female civilians, providing vital insight into an aspect of its governance that remains dominated and depicted by men. From the initial invasion and seizure of territory, to the consolidation and eventual collapse of the physical ‘caliphate’, IS created a stratified society. While the militancy of some pro-IS women was tactically endorsed by the group, the majority of civilian women were unacknowledged or erased from its documentation and policies. Yet, their experiences of invasion, genocide, widowhood, and the liberation battles reveal IS’s proto-state to be a society that both relied upon and reinforced the dependence of women on the protection and provision of its hypermasculine mujāhidīn. Women’s divergences from this ideal—through their age, ethnicity, religion, and group affiliation—directly shaped their eligibility for physical and financial security.
SWAMPy: simulating SARS-CoV-2 wastewater amplicon metagenomes
Authors: Boulton William , Fidan Fatma Rabia , Denise Hubert , De Maio Nicola , Goldman Nick 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants through genomic sequencing has been an important part of the global response to the pandemic and remains a useful tool for surveillance of the virus. As well as whole-genome sequencing of clinical samples, this surveillance effort has been aided by amplicon sequencing of wastewater samples, which proved effective in real case studies. Because of its relevance to public healthcare decisions, testing and benchmarking wastewater sequencing analysis methods is also crucial, which necessitates a simulator. Although metagenomic simulators exist, none is fit for the purpose of simulating the metagenomes produced through amplicon sequencing of wastewater.

Results
Our new simulation tool, SWAMPy (Simulating SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Amplicon Metagenomes with Python), is intended to provide realistic simulated SARS-CoV-2 wastewater sequencing datasets with which other programs that rely on this type of data can be evaluated and improved. Our tool is suitable for simulating Illumina short-read RT–PCR amplified metagenomes.

Availability and implementation
The code for this project is available at https://github.com/goldman-gp-ebi/SWAMPy. It can be installed on any Unix-based operating system and is available under the GPL-v3 license.
A case of adrenal oncocytoma: reviewing the literature of radiological finding
Authors: Sakano Maho , Wakabayashi Yukari , Shirota Natsuhiko , Ohno Yoshio , Suketa Aoi , Nagao Toshitaka , Saito Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Oncocytoma is a tumour that predominantly occurs in the kidneys and salivary glands. Only approximately 200 cases have been reported to be of adrenal origin to date, and only a few reports about its radiological findings have been published so far. Herein, we present the CT and MRI findings of an adrenal oncocytoma observed in a patient suspected of having mitochondrial abnormalities, along with the pathological findings. The tumour was roughly classified into three areas: a hypercellular region, a region containing fibrous tissue, and an oedematous region. These corresponded to the restricted diffusion area on the apparent diffusion coefficient map, the gradually enhanced area at the secretory phase on contrast-enhanced CT scan, and the obvious hyperintensity on the T2-weighted image, respectively. We also discuss these findings in the context of previously reported radiological findings in the literature. Diagnosing adrenal oncocytoma through imaging is challenging, and it is crucial to consider the possibility of malignancy while making the differential diagnosis. Small-sized homogenous tumours may be hard to differentiate from lipid-poor adenomas, while larger inhomogeneous ones are hard to distinguish from adrenal cancer.
Disease-specific survival outcomes for patients after locoregional treatment for ductal carcinoma in situ: observational cohort study
Authors: Wang Sabrina M , Li Yan , Nash Amanda , Ren Yi , Thomas Samantha M , Francescatti Amanda B , Barber Anne , Lynch Thomas , Frank Elizabeth S , Grimm Lars J , Thompson Alastair M , Partridge Ann H , Hyslop Terry , Hwang E Shelley , Ryser Marc D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Breast-conserving surgery alone, breast-conserving surgery with adjuvant radiation treatment, and mastectomy are guideline-concordant treatments for ductal carcinoma in situ. The aim of this study was to compare survival outcomes between these treatment options.

Methods
A stratified random sample of patients diagnosed with pure ductal carcinoma in situ between 2008 and 2014 was selected from 1330 sites in the USA. Data on diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up were abstracted by local cancer registrars. Population-averaged marginal estimates of disease-specific survival and overall survival for breast-conserving surgery alone, breast-conserving surgery with radiation treatment, and mastectomy were obtained by combining sampling and overlap weights.

Results
A total of 18 442 women were included, with a median follow-up of 67.8 (interquartile range 46.1–93.5) months. A total of 35 women died from breast cancer, at a median age of 62 (interquartile range 50–74) years. Population-averaged 8-year rates of disease-specific survival were 99.6% or higher for all treatment groups, with no significant differences between groups (breast-conserving surgery alone versus breast-conserving surgery with radiation treatment, HR 1.19 (95% c.i. 0.29 to 4.85); and mastectomy versus breast-conserving surgery with radiation treatment, HR 1.74 (95% c.i. 0.53 to 5.72). There was no difference in overall survival between the patients who underwent a mastectomy and the patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery with radiation treatment (HR 1.09 (95% c.i. 0.83 to 1.43)). Patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery alone had lower overall survival compared with the patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery with radiation treatment (HR 1.29 (95% c.i. 1.00 to 1.67)). This survival difference vanished for all but one subgroup, namely patients less than 65 years (HR 1.86 (95% c.i. 1.15 to 3.00)).

Conclusion
There was no statistically significant difference in disease-specific survival between women operated with breast-conserving surgery alone, breast-conserving surgery with radiation treatment, or mastectomy for ductal carcinoma in situ. Given the low absolute risk of disease-specific mortality, these results provide confidence in offering individualized locoregional treatment without fear of compromising survival.
A Cluster Analysis of Professional Quality of Life and Post-Traumatic Growth Amongst Medical Social Workers in Mainland China
Authors: Fu Fang , Ng Yong Hao , Ji Qingying , Chen Yuting , Cao Qing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Medical social workers (MSWs) engage in complex and demanding work that inevitably affects their professional well-being. A public health disaster like coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exacerbates the effects. This study aims to classify the professional quality of life (ProQOL) of MSWs during COVID-19 in mainland China. It further examines the relationship between ProQOL classification, post-traumatic growth (PTG), and demographic characteristics. ProQOL comprises three domains: compassionate satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress. About 345 MSWs completed questionnaires that measured their levels of ProQOL and PTG. Through a k-mean cluster analysis, three clusters of ProQOL are identified. The first type is named as the Career Satisfied group, characterised by MSWs with the highest level of compassionate satisfaction and the lowest level of secondary traumatic stress and burnout amongst the three clusters. The second cluster is called the Trauma-Thriving group, consisting of MSWs with the highest level of secondary traumatic stress amongst all. They also had the highest score for PTG. The third cluster, the Compassion Fatigue group, comprised MSWs with the highest burnout and lowest compassion satisfaction levels. The results underscore the importance of tailored interventions for each type of MSW that emerges in a public health disaster.
Changes in the microbial community structure and diversity during the electricity generation process of a microbial fuel cell with algal-film cathode
Authors: Wang Haiping , Zheng Liguo , Tan Changyin , Li Ling , Liu Feng , Feng Hui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A two-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) with algal-film cathode was constructed. It showed good electric-generating performance with three electric-generating stages: start-up, development, and stable. An average output voltage reached ~0.412 V during the stable period. A maximum power density during continuous operation was 19.76 mW/m2. Bacterial samples were collected from the anode in the three stages (A1, A2, and A3), and their community structure and diversity were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 4238 operational taxonomic units were identified based on the number of taxa. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes played a dominant role in the three stages and increased significantly during electricity generation. Compared with A1, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria in A2 and A3 increased by 23.30% and 32.06%, respectively, whereas those of Bacteroidetes in A2 and A3 increased by 5.56% and 14.50%, respectively. At the genus level, there were differences in the composition of bacterial communities among the three stages. Acinetobacter and Chlorobium became the dominant genera in A2, replacing Nitrospira and norank_f__Saprospiraceae in A1, and Sphingobacterium and Ochrobactrum became the dominant genera in A3. According to the sample cluster and principal component analyses, A1 was clustered into one class, and A2 and A3 were clustered into a second class. This work revealed bacterial community succession at the anode of an algal-film cathode MFC during the electricity generation process, which provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent promotion of electricity generation by algal-film cathode MFCs.
Individual differences in spatial working memory strategies differentially reflected in the engagement of control and default brain networks
Authors: Purg Suljič Nina , Kraljič Aleksij , Rahmati Masih , Cho Youngsun T , Slana Ozimič Anka , Murray John D , Anticevic Alan , Repovš Grega 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Spatial locations can be encoded and maintained in working memory using different representations and strategies. Fine-grained representations provide detailed stimulus information, but are cognitively demanding and prone to inexactness. The uncertainty in fine-grained representations can be compensated by the use of coarse, but robust categorical representations. In this study, we employed an individual differences approach to identify brain activity correlates of the use of fine-grained and categorical representations in spatial working memory. We combined data from six functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, resulting in a sample of $155$ ($77$ women, $25 \pm 5$ years) healthy participants performing a spatial working memory task. Our results showed that individual differences in the use of spatial representations in working memory were associated with distinct patterns of brain activity. Higher precision of fine-grained representations was related to greater engagement of attentional and control brain systems throughout the task trial, and the stronger deactivation of the default network at the time of stimulus encoding. In contrast, the use of categorical representations was associated with lower default network activity during encoding and higher frontoparietal network activation during maintenance. These results may indicate a greater need for attentional resources and protection against interference for fine-grained compared with categorical representations.
Cystatin C vs creatinine eGFR in advanced CKD: an analysis of the STOP-ACEi trial
Authors: Spencer Sebastian , Desborough Robert , Mehta Samir , Ives Natalie , Bhandari Sunil 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
In this secondary analysis of the STOP-ACEi trial, we explored the impact of discontinuing or continuing renin–angiotensin system inhibitor therapy in people with advanced chronic kidney disease on cystatin C estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Methods
Cystatin C eGFRs were calculated at baseline, 12, 24 and 36 months using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) cystatin 2012, European Kidney Function Consortium and CKD-EPI Combined 2021 equations. We excluded samples obtained after the initiation of kidney replacement therapy. Primary analysis used complete case analysis and mixed-effects linear regression model, adjusting for minimization variables, baseline value, time-point and treatment by time interaction. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using a pattern mixture model to account for missing data that was not at random. To model the longitudinal cystatin C data with time-to-event data, a joint model was utilized which incorporated the cystatin C measurements at various time points and accounted for the occurrence of kidney replacement therapy.

Results
The mean cystatin C eGFRs (CKD-EPI 2012) at baseline were 17.8 mg/L [standard deviation (SD 6.3)] and 17.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 (SD 6.3) in the STOP and CONTINUE arms, respectively. The estimated least squares mean difference at 12 months between STOP and CONTINUE arm was –1.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) –2.39 to –0.52, P = .002]. The estimated least squares mean difference at 24 months was –2.27 (95% CI –3.48 to –1.06, P &lt; .001). The estimated least squares mean difference at 36 months was –1.72 (95% CI –3.48 to 0.03, P = .05).

Conclusion
Our results are consistent with the primary study's analysis and sensitivity analyses support these findings and provide additional insights. Our findings demonstrate the similarity of creatinine and cystatin eGFR results and therefore support the use of cystatin C as an alternative marker of eGFR in advanced CKD, particularly in those in whom creatinine is likely to be less accurate.