bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Las contiendas musicales de Apolo
Authors: Robledo Estaire Luis 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT: This article studies the contemporizing of the ethical and social connotations ascribed to string and wind instruments by the Grecolatin tradition that Hispanic Emblematics carried out in the 16th and 17th centuries. This is most evident in the depiction of the legend of Apollo in his respective musical competitions against Marsyas and Pan. This contemporizing of the legends allows us to perceive the political, social and religious dimensions that these musical contests acquire in the Hispanic World. KEYWORDS: Apollo, Marsyas, Pan, Midas, Cithern, Lyre, Aulos, Vihuela, Guitar. RESUMEN: Se examina la actualización llevada a cabo por la emblemática hispana de los siglos XVI y XVII de las connotaciones ético-sociales que la tradición grecolatina había conferido a los instrumentos de cuerda y de viento, que fueron condensadas en las leyendas de Apolo enfrentándose, respectivamente, a Marsias y a Pan. Dicha actualización permite ver las dimensiones política, social y religiosa que adquieren las contiendas musicales de Apolo en el mundo hispánico. PALABRAS CLAVES: Apolo, Marsias, Pan, Midas, cítara, lira, aulós, vihuela, guitarra.
Laurentius Lotus [Lorenzo Lotto]. De Amore
Authors: González de Zárate Jesús Mária 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT: In the study presented here of some portraits by Lorenzo Lotto, I have attempted to establish a reading of the image, of the details that the artist offers us in his canvas which, to my way of thinking, orient us towards the semantic meaning of the painting. In this concrete case I deal with the theme of love. This entails, therefore, an in-depth exploration of the story that the artist wishes to consider through his work, with the aim of recording and classifying the image by analyzing both its graphic as well as literary precedents. KEY WORDS: Lorenzo Lotto, Portrait, Love, Allegory, Iconography. RESUMEN: En el estudio presentado aquí sobre algunos retratos de Lorenzo Lotto, se ha tratado de establecer una lectura de la imagen, de los detalles que el artista nos ofrece en el lienzo y que, a nuestro parecer, orientan el sentido semántico de la pintura. En este caso considerando el argumento del amor. Supone, por lo tanto, adentrarse en la búsqueda de la historia que desea considerar el artista a través de su obra y, todo ello, en función de historiar la imagen analizando sus precedentes tanto gráficos como literarios. PALABRAS CLAVES: Lorenzo Lotto, retrato, amor, alegoría, iconografía.
Photodriven Charge Separation and Transport in Self‐Assembled Zinc Tetrabenzotetraphenylporphyrin and Perylenediimide Charge Conduits
Authors: Roznyatovskiy Vladimir V. , Carmieli Raanan , Dyar Scott M. , Brown Kristen E. , Wasielewski Michael R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractZinc tetrabenzotetraphenyl porphyrin (ZnTBTPP) covalently attached to four perylenediimide (PDI) acceptors self‐assembles into a π‐stacked, segregated columnar structure, as indicated by small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. Photoexcitation of ZnTBTPP rapidly produces a long‐lived electron–hole pair having a 26 Å average separation distance, which is much longer than if the pair is confined within the covalent monomer. This implies that the charges are mobile within their respective segregated ZnTBTPP and PDI charge conduits.
Hypoxia‐Targeted siRNA Delivery
Authors: Perche F. , Biswas S. , Wang T. , Zhu L. , Torchilin V. P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAltered vasculature and the resultant chaotic tumor blood flow lead to the appearance in fast‐growing tumors of regions with gradients of oxygen tension and acute hypoxia (less than 1.4 % oxygen).1 Due to its roles in tumorigenesis and resistance to therapy, hypoxia represents a problem in cancer therapy.1, 2 Insufficient delivery of therapeutic agents to the hypoxic regions in solid tumors is recognized as one of the causes of resistance to therapy.1, 3 This led to the development of hypoxia imaging agents,4 and the use of hypoxia‐activated anticancer prodrugs.2a Here we show the first example of the hypoxia‐induced siRNA uptake and silencing using a nanocarrier consisting of polyethyleneglycol 2000, azobenzene, polyethyleneimine (PEI)(1.8 kDa), and 1,2‐dioleyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) units (the nanocarrier is referred to as PAPD), where azobenzene imparts hypoxia sensitivity and specificity.4a We report hypoxia‐activated green fluorescent protein (GFP) silencing in vitro and its downregulation in GFP‐expressing tumors after intravenous administration. The proposed nanoformulation represents a novel tumor‐environment‐responsive modality for cancer targeting and siRNA delivery.
Direct Hydroboration of BB Bonds: A Mild Strategy for the Proliferation of BB Bonds
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Dewhurst Rian D. , Hörl Christian , Phukan Ashwini K. , Pinzner Florian , Ullrich Stefan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSynthetic access to electron‐precise boron chains is hampered by the preferential formation of nonclassical structures. The few existing strategies for this involve either strongly reducing reagents or transition‐metal catalysts, both with distinct disadvantages. The synthesis of new furyl‐ and thienyl‐substituted diborenes is presented, along with their direct hydroboration with catecholborane (CatBH) to form a new electron‐precise BB bond and a B3 chain. The reaction is diastereoselective and proceeds under mild conditions without the use of strong reducing agents or transition‐metal catalysts commonly used in B‐B coupling reactions.
Diphenylacetylene‐Linked Peptide Strands Induce Bidirectional β‐Sheet Formation
Authors: Lingard Hannah , Han Jeongmin T. , Thompson Amber L. , Leung Ivanhoe K. H. , Scott Richard T. W. , Thompson Sam , Hamilton Andrew D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn the search for synthetic mimics of protein secondary structures relevant to the mediation of protein–protein interactions, we have synthesized a series of tetrasubstituted diphenylacetylenes that display β‐sheet structures in two directions. Extensive X‐ray crystallographic and NMR solution phase studies are consistent with these proteomimetics adopting sheet structures, displaying both hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acid side chains.
Lability‐Controlled Syntheses of Heterometallic Clusters
Authors: Newton Graham N. , Mitsumoto Kiyotaka , Wei Rong‐Jia , Iijima Fumichika , Shiga Takuya , Nishikawa Hiroyuki , Oshio Hiroki 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA bulky bidentate ligand was used to stabilize a macrocyclic [FeIII8CoII6] cluster. Tuning the basicity of the ligand by derivatization with one or two methoxy groups led to the isolation of a homologous [FeIII8CoII6] species and a [FeIII6FeII2CoIII2CoII2] complex, respectively. Lowering the reaction temperatures allowed isolation of [FeIII6FeII2CoIII2CoII2] clusters with all three ligands. Temperature‐dependent absorption data and corresponding experiments with iron/nickel systems indicated that the iron/cobalt self‐assembly process was directed by the occurrence of solution‐state electron‐transfer‐coupled spin transition (ETCST) and its influence on reaction intermediate lability.
Efficacy of Combining Interview Techniques in Detecting Deception Related to Bio‐threat Issues
Authors: Morgan Charles A. , Rabinowitz Yaron , Leidy Robert , Coric Vladimir 
Published: February 2014

The purpose of this project was to assess the detecting deception efficacy of three well‐validated “detecting deception” methods – i.e., forced choice testing (FCT), modified cognitive interviewing (MCI) and autobiographical implicit association testing (aIAT) – when applied to the issue of bio‐threat.The detecting deception accuracies of FCT and MCI were 81% and 75%, respectively. Although the aIAT mean response times in block 5 differed significantly between deceptive and truthful persons, the classification accuracy was low. FCT alone reduced the group of 64 persons to 11 and detected 50% of the liars; the false positive rate was 9%. MCI alone reduced the group of 64 to 24 and detected 92% of the liars; the false positive rate was 54%. When FCT was paired with MCI, 75% of liars were detected and the false positive rate was 13%.Forced choice testing and MCI show promise as methods for detecting deception related to bio‐threat under low‐base‐rate conditions. These methods took little time, enhanced the odds of detecting deceptive individuals and exhibited high positive likelihood ratios, suggesting that they have merit as screening tools. The aIAT required more time and was less accurate but may still serve as a useful screening tool. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid Assessment of Protecting‐Group Stability by Using a Robustness Screen
Authors: Collins Karl D. , Rühling Andreas , Lied Fabian , Glorius Frank 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAn experimentally simple method has been developed to rapidly establish the stability of widely utilized silyl, acetal, and carbamate protecting groups to a given set of reaction conditions. Assessment of up to twelve protecting groups in a single experiment has been demonstrated. Evaluation of this protocol in two unrelated synthetic transformations suggests that this method can be used to select appropriate protecting groups in the design of synthetic routes.
Structural Effects in Lithiocuprate Chemistry: The Elucidation of Reactive Pentametallic Complexes
Authors: Harford Philip J. , Peel Andrew J. , Taylor Joseph P. , Komagawa Shinsuke , Raithby Paul R. , Robinson Thomas P. , Uchiyama Masanobu , Wheatley Andrew E. H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTMPLi (TMP=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide) reacts with CuI salts in the presence of Et2O to give the dimers [{(TMP)2Cu(X)Li2(OEt2)}2] (X=CN, halide). In contrast, the use of DMPLi (DMP=cis‐2,6‐dimethylpiperidide) gives an unprecedented structural motif; [{(DMP)2CuLi(OEt2)}2LiX] (X=halide). This formulation suggests a hitherto unexplored route to the in situ formation of Gilman‐type bases that are of proven reactivity in directed ortho cupration.
Selective Reduction of CO2 with Silanes over Platinum Nanoparticles Immobilised on a Polymeric Monolithic Support under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Taori Vijay P. , Bandari Rajendar , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractHere, we demonstrate the use of Pt0 nanoparticles immobilised on a polymeric monolithic support as a ligand‐free heterogeneous catalytic system for the reduction of 13CO2 at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The described system effectively reduces 13CO2 with dihydrosilanes as the hydrogen source to yield a mixture of silylformates, silylacetals and methoxysilanes, which upon further hydrolysis with D2O, produces their respective C1‐type products, that is H13COOD, 13CH2(OD)2 and 13CH3OD. If a monohydrosilane was used as the hydrogen source, a selective reduction of 13CO2 to a product mixture of only silylformates was observed. Addition of diethylamine to this reaction mixture results in the formation of H13COOH and Et2N13CHO. This robust catalytic system is not only maintenance‐free and simple to handle, as compared with organometallic and organocatalyst systems, but also shows 3‐ to 11‐fold better catalytic activity and exhibits higher turnover numbers (TONs) up to 21 900 (activity=6.22 kg gPt−1 bar−1).
Synthesis and Reactivity of Cationic Bis(N‐Heterocyclic Dicarbene) Ruthenium(II) Complexes
Authors: Tubaro Cristina , Bertinazzo Davide , Monticelli Marco , Saoncella Omar , Volpe Andrea , Basato Marino , Badocco Denis , Pastore Paolo , Graiff Claudia , Venzo Alfonso 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFour ruthenium(II) N‐heterocyclic dicarbene complexes of general formula [Ru{MeIm(CH2)nImMe}2(RCN)2][PF6]2 (1: n = 1, R = Me; 2: n = 1, R = Ph; 3: n = 2, R = Me; 4: n = 2, R = Ph; MeIm = 3‐methylimidazol‐2‐yliden‐1‐yl) have been synthesised by transmetalation of the dicarbene ligand from a dicarbene silver complex with [RuCl2(COD)]x (COD = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) or [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 as ruthenium precursors. The relative position of the coordinated nitrile molecules (cis or trans) depends on the group that links the two carbene moieties: the dicarbene with the methylene bridge affords the trans isomer, whereas the cis complex is obtained with the ethylene bridge. The lability of coordinated nitriles towards entering nucleophiles, in particular, cyclohexyl and tert‐butyl isocyanide, has been carefully checked, and the corresponding substitution complexes [Ru{MeIm(CH2)nImMe}2(RNC)2][PF6]2 (6: n = 1, R = Cy; 7: n = 2, R = Cy; 8: n = 2, R = tBu) have been synthesised. The trans complexes are more inert than the cis ones, and benzonitrile is a better leaving group than acetonitrile; these characteristics allow a proper tuning of the coordination set and the stereoelectronic properties of these dicarbene ruthenium complexes. The X‐ray crystal structures of 1 and 7 have also been determined.
Disposable Screen‐Printed Edge Band Ultramicroelectrodes for Use as Nitric Oxide Gas Sensor in Designing an Easily Applicable Method for Real Sample Analysis of Nitrite with Superior Selectivity and Sensitivity
Authors: Chen Wei‐Chung , Hsu Ya‐Li , Venkatesan Shanmuganathan , Zen Jyh‐Myng 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe report here an easily applicable method for the quantification of nitrite (NO2−) in real samples. This approach simplified the two steps of sample preparation and detection into a 2‐in‐1 single step process. Samples were digested in sulfuric acid and the as‐generated nitric oxide (NO) was detected by an electrochemical sensor in the gas phase. It eliminated almost all of the interferents in the solution phase and hence resulted in a highly selective determination of nitrite suitable for food samples with complicated matrix. We successfully demonstrated the determination of nitrite in sausage and vegetables and further validated the results with an AOAC official reference method.
Operation Experience with a 20 kW SOFC System
Authors: Peters Ro. , Blum L. , Deja R. , Hoven I. , Tiedemann W. , Küpper S. , Stolten D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSystems based on planar SOFC stacks have a great potential to become compact high efficient power plants. At Forschungszentrum Jülich system technology is under development aiming at a 20 kW demonstration plant. An important challenge is to realize a compact and efficient system. To achieve this, Jülich has invented an Integrated Module, which incorporates all hot parts of the system. After a few years of development four stacks with a nominal power of 5 kW were assembled and characterized with proper quality. After integrating them into the system operation was started and 21.3 kW gross power were achieved. Because of a leakage in the periphery the test had to be interrupted after 550 h of operation under load. Because repair would have taken too long, the test was continued with two modules of 5 kW power each. The system was in operation under load for 4,000 h.
Computational Studies of Allosteric Regulation in the Hsp90 Molecular Chaperone: From Functional Dynamics and Protein Structure Networks to Allosteric Communications and Targeted Anti‐Cancer Modulators
Authors: Verkhivker Gennady M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractComputational studies of allosteric interactions have witnessed a recent renaissance fueled by growing interest in the modeling of complex molecular assemblies and biological networks. Allosteric interactions of the molecular chaperone Hsp90 with a diverse array of cochaperones and client proteins allow for molecular communication in signal transduction networks. In this review, recent developments in the understanding of allosteric interactions in the context of structural, functional, and computational studies of the Hsp90 chaperone are discussed. A comprehensive analysis of structural and network‐based models of protein allostery is provided. Computational and experimental approaches and advances in the understanding of Hsp90 interactions and regulatory mechanisms are reviewed to provide a systematic and critical view of the current progress and most challenging questions in the field. The current status and future prospects for translational research, bridging the basic science of chaperones with the discovery of anti‐cancer therapies, are also highlighted.
Evaluation and optimization of high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry for phospholipid quantitation
Authors: Fu Mingkun , Xu Wei , Lu Qing , Pan Guoyu , Varga Csanad 
Published: February 2014

RATIONALEHigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/HRMS) provides an attractive alternative to the traditional triple quadrupole mass spectrometry selected reaction monitoring (SRM) methodology in the field of quantitation.METHODSAn LTQ Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer coupled with a Shimadzu UHPLC system was used. A mass extraction window (MEW) was defined to mathematically correlate with mass resolving power (MRP). Five MRP measurement conditions at 7500, 15 000, 30 000, 60 000, and 100 000, and five MEW widths at 10%, 20%, 50%, and 100% of ±1000000/MRP, and were utilized as the experimental conditions. Comparison of profile and centroid algorithms was evaluated as well.RESULTSSelection of pH 8.5 buffer, C4 column, 20% IPA, and 10 ppm H3PO4, minimized hydrophobic and silanol interactions to enhance separation. Narrowing the MEW minimized background noise, while over‐narrowing the MEW gave signal loss due to mass accuracy deviation. The mass accuracy deviation was larger for lower MRP measurements especially with centriod data, and hence a profile algorithm was recommended. The post‐ionization signal suppression was observed with low MRP and was further confirmed with the analysis of multi‐level linearity.CONCLUSIONSIt was found that the HPLC/HRMS method with conditions of 20% ±1000000/MRP as MEW, 30 000 or 60 000 MRP, and profile algorithm, provide optimum results for quantitation of seven model phospholipids. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium 7‐Azaindolato Complexes and their Lithium Precursors
Authors: Haehnel Martin , Arndt Perdita , Spannenberg Anke , Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTwo differently 2‐substituted 7‐azaindoles (substituent = H (1‐H), t‐Bu (1‐tBu)) react with n‐butyllithium in tmeda to give different Li complexes. Using the ligand 1‐H, the binuclear complex [(tmeda)Li(azH)]2 (2‐H) is formed. The sterically more demanding ligand 1‐tBu leads to formation of the mononuclear Li complex (tmeda)Li(aztBu) (2‐tBu). The decamethyltitanocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene complex Cp*2Ti(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3) (3a) reacts with 7‐azaindole (1‐H) to give the dark red titanocene(III) complex 4. Using the sterically more demanding 1‐tBu ligand upon deprotonation with dialkylmagnesium, followed by subsequent salt metathesis with (Cp2TiCl)2, the dark green titanocene(III) heterometallacyclic complex 5 is obtained. Complexes 2‐H, 2‐tBu and 5 were characterized by X‐ray analyses.
Skin manifestations in CDG
Authors: Rymen D. , Jaeken J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe group of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) has expanded tremendously since its first description in 1980, with around 70 distinct disorders described to date. A great phenotypic variability exists, ranging from multisystem disease to single organ involvement. Skin manifestations, although inconsistently present, are part of this broad clinical spectrum. Indeed, the presence of inverted nipples, fat pads and orange peel skin in a patient with developmental delay are considered as a hallmark of CDG, particularly seen in PMM2 deficiency. However, over the years many more dermatological findings have been observed (e.g., ichthyosis, cutis laxa, tumoral calcinosis…). In this review we will discuss the variety of skin manifestations reported in CDG. Moreover, we will explore the possible mechanisms that link a certain glycosylation deficiency to its skin phenotype.
In-Situ Investigation of Local Boundary Migration During Recrystallization
Authors: Zhang Yubin , Godfrey Andy , Juul Jensen Dorte 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A combination of electron channeling contrast (ECC) and electron backscatter diffraction pattern (EBSP) techniques has been used to follow in situ the migration during annealing at 323 K (50 °C) of a recrystallizing boundary through the deformed matrix of high-purity aluminum rolled to 86 pct reduction in thickness. The combination of ECC and EBSP techniques allows both detailed measurements of crystallographic orientations to be made, as well as tracking of the boundary migration with good temporal resolution. The measured boundary velocity and the local boundary morphology are analyzed based on calculations of local values for the stored energy of deformation. It is found that the migration of the investigated boundary is very complex with significant spatial and temporal variations in its movement, which cannot directly be explained by the variations in stored energies, but that these variations relate closely to local variations within the deformed microstructure ahead of the boundary, and are found related to the local spatial arrangements and misorientations of the dislocation boundaries. The results of the investigation suggest that local analysis, on the micrometer length scale, is necessary for the further understanding of recrystallization boundary migration mechanisms.
‘A thorn in the side of European geodesy’: measuring Paris–Greenwich longitude by electric telegraph
Authors: KERSHAW MICHAEL 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe difference in longitude between the observatories of Paris and Greenwich was long of fundamental importance to geodesy, navigation and timekeeping. Measured many times and by many different means since the seventeenth century, the preferred method of the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries made use of the electric telegraph. I describe here for the first time the four Paris–Greenwich telegraphic longitude determinations made between 1854 and 1902. Despite contemporary faith in the new technique, the first was soon found to be inaccurate; the second was a failure, ending in Anglo-French dispute over whose result was to be trusted; the third failed in exactly the same way; and when eventually the fourth was presented as a success, the evidence for that success was far from clear-cut. I use this as a case study in precision measurement, showing how mutual grounding between different measurement techniques, in the search for agreement between them, was an important force for change and improvement. I also show that better precision had more to do with the gradually improving methods of astronomical time determination than with the singular innovation of the telegraph, thus emphasizing the importance of what have been described as ‘observatory techniques’ to nineteenth-century practices of precision measurement.