bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of open-skill and closed-skill sports on executive functions: a systematic review
Authors: Lai Jinghan , Zhang Zhijuan , Ni Guoxin , Luo Yanlin 
Published: July 2024

Aims/Background Open-skill sports are reportedly more effective than closed-skill sports in improving executive functions. However, it remains unclear as to its superiority in specific components of executive functions and specific populations. This review aims to explore the degree to which specific components of executive functions are affected by different sport types, open-skill sports and closed-skill sports, among different age groups. Methods Relevant articles published from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2023 were searched and obtained from four databases, namely EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. These studies were selected through a carefully established article-filtering workflow, governed by a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality assessment was carried out independently by each researcher. Results Out of the 30 studies included for this systematic review, eight studies demonstrated the beneficial impacts of open-skill sports on adults by improving three executive functions subcomponents, as compared with closed-skill sports. Six studies found that open-skill sports are conducive to inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility among children and adolescents, while four studies showed that open-skill sports greatly enhance inhibitory control in elderly individuals. Conclusion Compared with closed-skill sports, open-skill sports have a favourable impact on inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility in children, adolescents, and adults, marked by shorter response time in inhibitory control tasks, as well as shorter response time and lower switch costs in cognitive flexibility tasks. In addition, relative to closed-skill sports, open-skill sports heightens accuracy in working memory tasks among adults.
Demonstration of record sensitivity for water vapor detection by means of comb-locked cavity ring-down spectroscopy
Authors: Castrillo Antonio , Khan Muhammad Asad , Fasci Eugenio , D’Agostino Vittorio , Gravina Stefania , Gianfrani Livio 
Published: July 2024

We report on the development, characterization, and test of a
comb-locked cavity ring-down spectrometer (CL-CRDS) operating in the
spectral region around 1.39 µm. The system is based on the use
of a hemispherical optical resonator with a finesse as high as ∼507000, which gives an empty-cavity
ring-down time of about 285 µs. An Allan-Werle analysis on
repeated acquisitions of the ring-down time at a fixed laser frequency
suggests a minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 2×10−12cm−1 for the optimum integration time of
45 s. This limit can be exceeded by adopting the strategy of
long-term spectral averaging. Taking advantage of the frequency
stability guaranteed by the optical frequency comb, the CL-CRDS
spectra were averaged over more than two days, thus removing
efficiently the effect of mechanical, acoustic, and thermal noises. As
a result, we could achieve a minimum detectable absorption coefficient
as low as 3.7×10−13cm−1, which corresponds to a limit of
detection for H2O in N2 of nine parts per trillion and a H2O partial pressure of 2×10−8 Pa (or 2×10−10 mbar). The potentialities of our
approach are demonstrated by recording the absorption features of HD16O and HD18O in flows of ultra-high-purity N2 and ambient air, respectively.
Learning interventions and training methods in health emergencies: A scoping review
Authors: Utunen Heini , Balaciano Giselle , Arabi Elham , Tokar Anna , Bhatiasevi Aphaluck , Noyes Jane 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundKeeping the health workforce and the public informed about the latest evolving health information during a health emergency is critical to preventing, detecting and responding to infectious disease outbreaks or other health emergencies. Having a well-informed, ready, willing, and skilled workforce and an informed public can help save lives, reduce diseases and suffering, and minimize socio-economic loss in affected communities and countries. Providing “just in time” support and opportunities for learning in health emergencies is much needed for capacity building. In this paper, ‘learning intervention’ refers to the provision of ad-hoc, focused, or personalized training sessions with the goal of preparing the health workers for emergencies or filling specific knowledge or skill gaps. We refer to ‘training methods’ as instructional design strategies used to teach someone the necessary knowledge and skills to perform a task.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review to map and better understand what learning interventions and training methods have been used in different types of health emergencies and by whom. Studies were identified using six databases (Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Hinari, WorldCat, CABI and Web of Science) and by consulting with experts. Characteristics of studies were mapped and displayed and major topic areas were identified.ResultsOf the 319 records that were included, contexts most frequently covered were COVID-19, disasters in general, Ebola and wars. Four prominent topic areas were identified: 1) Knowledge acquisition, 2) Emergency plans, 3) Impact of the learning intervention, and 4) Training methods. Much of the evidence was based on observational methods with few trials, which likely reflects the unique context of each health emergency. Evolution of methods was apparent, particularly in virtual learning. Learning during health emergencies appeared to improve knowledge, general management of the situation, quality of life of both trainers and affected population, satisfaction and clinical outcomes.ConclusionThis is the first scoping review to map the evidence, which serves as a first step in developing urgently needed global guidance to further improve the quality and reach of learning interventions and training methods in this context.
Prevalence of alcohol use by gender and HIV status in rural Uganda
Authors: Wynn Adriane , Sileo Katelyn M. , Schmarje Crockett Katherine , Naigino Rose , Ediau Michael , Wanyenze Rhoda K. , Kiwanuka Noah , Martin Natasha K. , Kiene Susan M. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Alcohol use is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide. Uganda has a high level of alcohol use per capita. Compared to men, women are less likely to consume alcohol globally; however, women who drink have increased risks for co-occurring conditions, including depression, intimate partner violence, and HIV. This study assessed the prevalence of alcohol use and correlates of harmful alcohol use by gender and HIV status in rural Uganda.

Methods
We used cross-sectional data from a study among women and men aged 15–59 residing in rural, central Uganda and accepting home-based HIV testing (Nov 2017 to Dec 2020). We estimated the prevalence of levels of alcohol use (categorized as no alcohol use (score 0), low (score 1–3 for men; 1–2 for women), medium (score 4–5 for men; 3–5 for women), high (score 6–7), and very-high (score 8–12) use with the AUDIT-C), stratified by gender and HIV status. We assessed correlates of harmful alcohol use using multivariable logistic regression models for women and men.

Results
Among 18,460 participants, 67% (95% CI: 66–67%) reported no alcohol use, 16% (95% CI: 16–17%) reported low, 5% (95% CI: 4.8–5%) reported medium, 5% (95% CI: 4–5%) reported high, and 3% (95% CI: 2.8–3) reported very high alcohol use. Compared to women, men were more likely to report alcohol use (Chi-squared p-value<0.0001). People diagnosed with HIV (both newly diagnosed and previously aware of their status prior to home-based HIV testing) were more likely to report low, medium, high, and very high alcohol use compared to those who were HIV negative (Chi-squared p-value<0.0001). Among women, those who were newly diagnosed were more likely report alcohol use, compared to those who were HIV negative. In multivariable models, being newly diagnosed with HIV (compared to HIV negative) increased the odds of harmful alcohol use among women, but not men.

Conclusion
While alcohol use was higher among men and people living with HIV, being newly diagnosed with HIV had a stronger relationship with harmful alcohol use among women than men. More research is needed to understand how alcohol use may increase the risks of HIV acquisition among women and to identify gender-responsive services to address harmful alcohol use and increase access to HIV testing and linkage to care for women who use harmful levels of alcohol.
Real-world effectiveness of sotrovimab in preventing hospitalization and mortality in high-risk patients with COVID-19 in the United States: A cohort study from the Mayo Clinic electronic health records
Authors: Bell Christopher F. , Gibbons Daniel C. , Drysdale Myriam , Birch Helen J. , Lloyd Emily J. , Patel Vishal , Carpenter Corinne , Carlson Katherine , Calay Ediz S. , Puranik Arjun , Wagner Tyler E. , O’Horo John C. , Razonable Raymund R. 
Published: July 2024

Background
To describe outcomes of high-risk patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treated with sotrovimab, other monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), or antivirals, and patients who did not receive early COVID-19 treatment. We also evaluate the comparative effectiveness of sotrovimab versus no treatment in preventing severe clinical outcomes.

Methods
This observational retrospective cohort study analyzed Mayo Clinic electronic health records. Non-hospitalized adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from May 26, 2021 and April 23, 2022 and at high risk of COVID-19 progression were eligible. The primary outcome was 29-day all-cause hospitalization and/or death. Outcomes were described for patients treated with sotrovimab, other mAbs, or antivirals, and eligible but untreated patients, and compared between sotrovimab-treated and propensity score (PS)-matched untreated cohorts.

Results
We included 35,485 patients (sotrovimab, 1369; other mAbs, 6488; antivirals, 133; high-risk untreated, 27,495). A low proportion of patients treated with sotrovimab (n = 33/1369, 2.4%), other mAbs (n = 147/6488, 2.3%), or antivirals (n = 2/133, 1.5%) experienced all-cause hospitalization or death. Among high-risk untreated patients, the percentage of all-cause hospitalization or death was 3.3% (n = 910/27,495). In the PS-matched analysis, 2.5% (n = 21/854) of sotrovimab-treated patients experienced all-cause hospitalization and/or death versus 2.8% (n = 48/1708) of untreated patients (difference, –0.4%; p = 0.66). Significantly fewer sotrovimab-treated patients required intensive care unit admission (0.5% vs 1.8%; difference, –1.3%; p = 0.002) or respiratory support (3.5% vs 8.7%; difference, –5.2%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
There was no significant difference in the proportion of sotrovimab-treated and PS-matched untreated patients experiencing 29-day all-cause hospitalization or mortality, although significantly fewer sotrovimab-treated patients required intensive care unit admission or respiratory support.
A radically usage-based, collostructional approach to assessing the differences between negative modal contractions and their parent forms
Authors: Daugs Robert , Lorenz David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Starting from the premise that English negative modal contractions constitute partly variable patterns of associations that include both the preceding subject and the following verb infinitive, the study sets out to investigate distributional differences between can’t, shouldn’t, and won’t and their corresponding uncontracted parent forms. Given that some configurations are assumed to correlate with specific modal meanings (e.g. inanimate subjects and stative verbs > ‘epistemic prediction’; first person subjects > ‘(un)willingness’ or ‘commissive modality’), roughly 200,000 trigrams from COCA are submitted to distinctive covarying collexeme analysis in order to uncover if these contractions and their full forms are conventionalized and entrenched differentially enough to merit their separate treatment on both conceptual and methodological grounds. The results point to probabilistic tendencies, suggesting a cline where won’t and can’t appear to be more emancipated from their respective full-form analogue than shouldn’t. Furthermore, the study showcases how collostructional methods can be applied fruitfully to case studies embedded in Schmid’s (Schmid, Hans-Jörg. 2020. The dynamics of the linguistic system: Usage, conventionalization, and entrenchment. Oxford: Oxford University Press) Entrenchment and Conventionalization Model.
Metall des Todes – F. H. Achermanns

Der Schatz des Pfahlbauers als alternative Ursprungserzählung der Schweiz
Authors: Fehlmann Meret 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Seit ihrer Entdeckung in der Schweiz im Winter 1853/1854 spielten die Pfahlbauer eine bedeutende Rolle für das nationale Selbstverständnis des wenige Jahre zuvor entstandenen Staates, indem sie sich als tugendsame und arbeitsame Vorfahren des Schweizer Volkes deuten ließen und so eine einigende Funktion gegen Innen hatten. Der Beitrag besichtigt diesen Mythos der Pfahlbauer als idealisierte Vorfahren. Das Hauptgewicht liegt auf einer Analyse von F. H. Achermanns Der Schatz des Pfahlbauers (1920), um das von wissenschaftlichen Narrativen wie von sozialen und kulturellen Systemen durchzogene Bedeutungsgeflecht des Romans im Hinblick auf National- und Genderdiskurse des frühen zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts zu beleuchten, wobei vergleichend weitere Quellen wie K. Keller-Tarnuzzers Die Inselleute vom Bodensee (1935) oder J. Bührers Theaterstück Die Pfahlbauer (1932) beigezogen werden.
Application of a three-laser optical digital interferometry in a thermogravitational analysis for binary and ternary mixtures
Authors: Errarte Ane , Sanjuan Antton , Mialdun Aliaksandr , Alonso Marcos , Andonegui Imanol , Shevtsova Valentina , Bou-Ali M. Mounir 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We discuss the application of the three-laser optical digital interferometry method for the determination of transport properties such as the thermodiffusion, the molecular diffusion and the Soret coefficients by the thermogravitational column technique. The primary objective of this study is to illustrate the capabilities and limitations of the method for quantifying these properties in both binary and ternary liquid mixtures from an optical viewpoint. It is concluded that the system is highly robust for the analysis of binary mixtures, with the combination of the results obtained by the three wavelengths increasing the accuracy of the measurement. The study of ternary mixtures, on the contrary, is limited to certain types of conditions. While the accuracy of a three-laser interferometer can be improved, the method may be compromised if the optical contrast factor matrices are poorly conditioned.
On Individualistic Facts and Haecceitism
Authors: Bigaj Tomasz 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The debate between individualism and generalism (qualitativism) concerns the status of individualistic facts and their relations with qualitative facts. It is argued that a proper definition of individualistic facts should be a modal one, and moreover that it requires the assumption of haecceitism for its adequacy, contrary to the common belief. Consequently, the positions of individualism and generalism are dependent upon the more fundamental stances of haecceitism and anti-haecceitism in the metaphysics of modality de re.
Treatment of secondary fiber papermaking wastewater with aerobic granular sludge cultured in a sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor
Authors: Fu Qixin , Lei Lirong , Wang Caimeng , Hou Yi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Secondary fiber papermaking wastewater (SPW) has received increasing interest because of its enormous discharge, typical high COD, and low biodegradability. The dense and compact structure of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) results in a high sludge concentration in the sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor (SBBGR), which provides superior conditions for the treatment of highly concentrated wastewater. This study constructed an SBBGR to treat SPW, investigated the changes in the species and structural characteristics of pollutants during wastewater treatment, and analyzed the dominant populations that can degrade pollutants in the SPW. The results showed that SBBGR had a good treatment effect on SPW and the removal rates of COD, TN, TP, SS, and color were 90.3 %, 81.9 %, 85.2 %, 73.1 %, and 75.1 % respectively with the influent organic load of 8.1 kg COD m−3 d−1, which was attributed to its outstanding biodegradability. The types and quantities of aromatic compounds in SPW were significantly reduced, according to the results of FTIR, UV–vis, and GC-MS. Microbial community analysis showed that the presence of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Macellibacteroides, Chlorobium, and Brachymonas in the SBBGR was responsible for the outstanding biodegradation of pollutants in the SPW. In summary, the treatment of SPW with SBBGR is extremely promising for applications.
Impact of proximity of hard and soft segment on IR frequency of carbamate links correlating the mechanical properties of surface-functionalized fly ash–reinforced polyurethane composites
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Paridwal Yogesh , Sharma Shikha , Rani Ashu , Sharma Shobhana , Sharma Sushil K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Polyurethane composites synthesized by interaction of fly ash filler with polyether polyol, cross-linking agent, and curing agent in a certain ratio. The study’s findings show that the mechanical properties of polyurethane composite are lowered by the hydroxyl moieties of surface-functionalized fly ash that are chemically or physically linked. The study also reveals that prior subjecting the samples of surface-functionalized fly ash–reinforced polyurethane composite material for destructive analysis by UTM for evaluating mechanical properties. The in-depth study of the IR spectroscopy data of the composites is done focusing onto the stretching frequency of carbonyl group of carbamate links the trend in mechanical behavior of the samples, the number of fly ash–carbamate links, and proximity of HS–SS (hard segment–soft segment) of fly ash–reinforced polyurethane composites can be foretold. By a detailed analysis of the patterns of carbonyl stretching frequencies of carbamate links, one can gain insight into the microphasic level of the separation and proximity of hard and soft segments in composites, which govern their mechanical properties. The relationships between carbamate carbonyl stretching frequencies and mechanical characteristics of composites have been found to be inversely correlated. In order to offset the excess hydroxyl group contribution due to OH-loaded fly ash, as indicated by the isocyanate (NCO) peak intensity (2,240–2,280 cm−1) in the composite’s infrared spectra, the studies were conducted at a higher index ratio (1.64).
Analytical methods, source, concentration, and human risks of microplastics: a review
Authors: Zheng Han , Guo Huibin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) as an atmospheric pollutant are currently receiving widespread attention. Although atmospheric MPs have been extensively studied, due to different research methods, systematic comparisons of atmospheric MPs are still needed. This review critically reviewed the analytical methods, research status and potential human exposure. In this review, the detection principles, advantages and limitations of different visual and chemical analysis methods are reported, and the potential risks of MPs to the human are also introduced. Based on future research about the human risks, emphasized the importance of establishing standardized research methods.
Archilochus frs. 23, 93a–94, 98, 112–113 W.: New readings and interpretations
Authors: Tsantsanoglou Kyriakos 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Various interpretative proposals in Archilochean fragments, transmitted either in inscriptions or papyri or a combination of the two, are collected in this paper. The notes attempt to introduce some different readings or supplements, occasionally conjectural, in order to show how, in the author’s view, the narrative should have progressed in a reasonable way. Naturally, to the extent that no new pieces are attached to the old ones, a definitive edition of these fragments is bound to remain more or less elusive.
The scripted audience in Roman comedy
Authors: Wright Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Despite the prevalence of audience-centred drama criticism, very little is actually known about the composition or nature of theatre audiences in antiquity. Metatheatrical passages in Plautus’ and Terence’s comedies in which the audience is described or addressed are usually treated as historical evidence for real-life theatre audiences in Republican Rome. This article argues that it is preferable to treat the comic audience as a fictional character. The scripted audience is recurrently portrayed by the comedians in a far-fetched and anti-realistic manner: it can be treated as a stereotype, along the other ‘stock’ characters of Roman comedy.
Neutron dynamics in ultra-strong electromagnetic fields: an example model
Authors: Bruce Stanley A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This work is concerned with the relativistic quantum dynamics of a self-interacting neutron in the presence of an external ultra-strong electromagnetic (EM) field in a cylindrical inertial frame. We first regard the Dirac–Pauli (DP) Lagrangian to study the planar dynamics of a neutron polarized along the z-axis subjected to a confining external static EM field composed of a homogeneous magnetic field in the z-direction and a linear radial electric field in the polar plane. The corresponding discrete Landau energy levels are found. As a nonlinear (NL) example model, we introduce a 1-flavor Nambu Jona–Lasinio (NJL) mass term into the DP Lagrangian. The continuous ground-state Landau levels are determined. We readily obtain modified Maxwell’s equations associated with these levels. We consider a simple application of the model related to the dynamics of neutrons in the presence of strong-QED fields inside the surface of aligned neutron stars. We briefly comment on possible classical solitonic solutions of the model.
The potency of <i>Elaeocarpus grandiflorus </i>Leaf Extract as Anti-obesity: <i>in vivo </i>and <i>in silico</i> Study
Authors: Nugrahaningsih WH , Ramasamy Sujatha , Laraswati Vivi Anggraeni , Yuniastuti Ari , Christijanti Wulan 
Published: July 2024

The research aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Elaeocarpus grandiflorus leaves extract as anti-obesity by in vivo and silico computational models. The pre-and -post-tests were carried out on 20 female Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups. The control group (K) received no treatment and the experimental groups were treated with E. grandiflorus extract of 200 mg/kg BW (P1), 400 mg/kg BW (P2), and 800 mg/kg BW (P3) for 14 days. The body weight, abdominal circumference, and abdominal fat mass were measured on Day 1 and Day 15. The results showed differences in body weight (p=0.02), abdominal circumference (p=0.01), and abdominal fat mass (p=0.00). In silico exploration, bioactive compounds of rutin, orientin, luteolin, vitexin, iso orientin, isovitexin, kaempferol, and quercetin were identified, and targeted ELAVL1, IGF1R, CREB1, AKT1, and PIK3R1 of the AMPK signaling pathway that involved in the anti-obesity mechanism. The high binding affinity values was rutin-EVAL1 (-9.3), orientin-ELAVL1 (-8.3), and quercetin- IGFR1 (-8.2). It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of E. grandiflorus leaves has the potential to be developed as an anti-obesity agent.