bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of Acute Fulminant Liver Failure due to Hepatitis B virus with Entecavir in patients with contra-indications to liver transplant
Authors: Bhattarai Mukul , Bansal Pardeep , Komar Michael , Smith Robert E , Nepal Hitekshya 
Published: September 2013

There are no randomized clinical trials on efficacy of Entecavir in Fulminant Hepatic Failure (FHF) due to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). Definitive treatment of FHF remains Liver Transplant. However, availability of cadaveric donor organs is limited, and many of the patients with FHF may not be candidates for Liver Transplantation. There are only few case reports on beneficial effects of Entecavir in FHF due to HBV. We present 2 cases of FHF due to HBV. Both patients had severe liver cell damage among which one was immunocompromised. Transaminases were elevated up to 200 times the normal. Both were not transplant candidates, and were successfully treated with Entecavir resulting in significant clinical and transaminases improvement within 7 days of starting Entecavir. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v2i2.8780 Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2013;02(02):67-70
Epidemiological as well as Microbiological Profile of Suppurative Keratitis and it's Outcome: A Prospective Hospital Based Study from Eastern Nepal
Authors: Patel S , Badhu BP , Khanal B , Arya SK 
Published: September 2013

INTRODUCTION: Suppurative keratitis is the second most common cause of monocular blindness after unoperated cataract in some tropical developing countries. The etiological and epidemiological pattern of suppurative keratitis varies significantly with geographical region, patient's population, health of the cornea. The present study was carried out to explore the epidemiological pattern, microbiological profile and treatment outcome of suppurative keratitis at a tertiary care center in Eastern Nepal.MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was a prospective cohort study carried out in patients presented with suppurative keratitis from 1 November 2007 to 31 October 2008. Detailed clinical history, general physical examination and meticulous ophthalmological examination were carried out in all the subjects as per pro-forma. Corneal scraping was performed under aseptic condition. Material obtained from corneal scrapping was smeared on three separate glass slides for Gram stain, Giemsa stain and KOH wet mount. Material obtained from scraping was inoculated directly on to sheep's blood agar, chocolate agar, BHI, SDA media and sent for microbiological examination. Patients were followed up after 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month of starting therapy. RESULTS: Sixty patients with suppurative keratitis were evaluated. 39 (65%) patients were male and 21 (35%) patients were female. Mean age of the patients was 41.53±17.86 year. Mean duration of illness was 20.23±18.62 days. History of ocular trauma was present in 35 (58.33%) patients. corneal ulcer was more often seen during summer (May-July) and winter (November-January) months. During culture, growth was seen in 33 (55%) patients. Fifteen cases (45.45%) had a pure bacterial growth, 10 (30.30%) patients had pure fungal growth and 8 (24.25%) cases had mixed bacterial and fungal growth. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 15 (25%) cases. Among fungi Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium were the frequent isolates, found in 4 (6.67%), 3 (5%), 3 (5%) cases. Staphylococcus aureus was found in all the cases with mixed growth. Out of 60 patients 49 (81.67%) patients achieved, good out come in form of complete healing of corneal ulcer. Poor outcome was seen in 11 (18.33%) patients. CONCLUSION: Suppurative keratitis was more commonly seen in middle aged male from rural areas, involved in agriculture related work. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacterial isolates. Aspergillus was the most common fungal species. With treatment majority of patients (81.67%) had good out come in form of complete healing of the corneal ulcer.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i3.8757 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(3) 2013: 3-10
Non Union of Fracture Neck of Femur for Intertrochanteric Osteotomy
Authors: Singh GP 
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND: Femoral neck fracture is a difficult problem in adult patients and without proper treatment leads to high functional impairment and frequent complications. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to see the functional outcome in patients with non union of fracture neck of femur treated with intertrochanteric osteotomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All 14 cases operated and non operated (neglected) fracture neck of femur were enrolled for the study 2003 to 2009 in National Medical College, Birganj and Janaki Medical College, Janakpur. Patients were treated conservatively and in some patients failure of fixation was used to evaluate the functional outcome. RESULTS: There were 14 patients with average age of 30 years with age range 14-50 years. 8 patients were male and six were female. 10 patients were previously treated conservatively and 4 patients presented with failure of fixation. Average duration of fracture was 7 months (2 months -3 years with pauwel angle of 32.8. CONCLUSION: Neglected neck of femur fracture should be treated by three cancellous screw fixation with molded and angled narrow DCP plate, valgus osteotomy and autogenous bone grafting round the fracture to achieve a high rate of patient satisfaction and satisfactory functional outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i3.8762 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(3) 2013: 33-36
Changes in Types and Area of Postharvest Flooded Fields Available to Waterbirds in Tulare Basin, California
Authors: Fleskes Joseph P. , Skalos Daniel A. , Farinha Melissa A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Conservation efforts to restore historic waterbird distribution and abundance in the Central Valley of California require information on current and historic areas of waterbird habitat. To provide this information, we mapped the area of agricultural fields in the vicinity of the historic Tulare Lake Bed in the Tulare Basin, California, that were treated postharvest with two different flooding regimes that varied in depth and duration of water applied (&lt; 1 cm to 1.5 m water for longer than 1 wk [FLD]; &lt; 1 to 15 cm water for 1 wk or less [IRG]) during August–March 1991–1994 and 2005–2006. We compared our results with published estimates for 1976–1980 and 1981–1987. Area and crops treated postharvest with FLD or IRG flooding differed among years and months. Overall for August through March, weekly area of FLD fields averaged 1,671 ha in 1976–1980 but declined to about half that in later years; the decline was most severe during January–March. Cotton was primarily treated with IRG flooding and comprised 47–95% of the total IRG field area. Other crops were primarily treated with FLD flooding; tomato replaced safflower in 2005–2006. These documented declines since the 1970s in area of FLD fields and changes in crops being flooded postharvest reduce the carrying capacity of the Tulare Basin for waterbirds, a situation that will need to be reversed for restoration of historic waterbird distribution in the Central Valley to be viable. If maintaining agricultural production is a priority and agricultural drainage waters can be disposed of safely, then increasing the extent of FLD grain fields would provide the most benefit for wintering waterbirds; otherwise, restoring and providing adequate water supplies to managed wetlands would most benefit waterbirds.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination by Birth Fiscal Year in Japan
Authors: Yagi Asami , Ueda Yutaka , Oka Emiko , Nakagawa Satoshi , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceThe Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW) of Japan aggregates human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination data across Japan for each fiscal year (FY) by age at vaccination. Birth FY (BFY)–specific vaccination coverage remains unknown.ObjectiveTo calculate the BFY-specific vaccination coverage for each FY and the cumulative first-dose coverage for each BFY in Japan, to understand the generation-specific vaccination coverage, and to estimate the cumulative first-dose coverage of each BFY that would be achieved by FY 2028 vs World Health Organization (WHO) targets.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, MHLW-published national age-specific HPV vaccination numbers and demographic data for female individuals were used to calculate the BFY-specific first-dose coverage for each FY and the BFY-specific cumulative first-dose coverage. It was assumed that the BFYs 2007 to 2012 vaccination coverage in FY 2023 to 2028 would remain the same as the vaccination coverage of the same grade in FY 2022 to estimate the cumulative first-dose coverage that would be achieved by FY 2028. Data analysis was performed from December 2023 to January 2024.ExposureTwo MHLW policy changes were the government’s suspension of proactive recommendation for HPV vaccination in June 2013 and the government’s resumption of proactive recommendation for HPV vaccination in April 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was generation-specific vaccination coverage among female individuals born in BFYs 1994 to 2010 in FYs 2010 to 2022, calculated using reconfigured published data.ResultsIn this study of vaccination data for 9 414 620 female individuals, the generation-specific vaccination coverage was 71.96% for the vaccination generation (BFYs 1994-1999), 4.62% for the vaccine-suspension generation (BFYs 2000-2003), 16.16% for the generation that received information individually (BFYs 2004-2009), and 2.83% for the vaccine-resumed generation (BFY 2010). HPV routine vaccination coverage was extremely low in BFYs 2000 to 2010 (0.84%-25.21%) vs BFYs 1994 to 1999 (53.31%-79.47%). The cumulative first-dose coverage that was estimated to be achieved in the vaccine-resumed generation by FY 2028 plateaued at 43.16%.Conclusions and RelevanceEven after the resumption of MHLW’s proactive recommendations, HPV vaccination coverage has only minimally recovered in Japan. The cumulative first-dose coverage that was estimated to be achieved in the vaccine-resumed generation by FY 2028 is below the WHO target. These findings reveal that stronger cervical cancer control measures are required, particularly for the vaccine-resumed generation, which will plateau at approximately one-half the WHO target values.
In search of “Asian perspectives” in the field of adult education: From Asian perspectives to deimperialization
Authors: Kuk Hye‐Su 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhat constitutes an “Asian perspective” in the field of adult education? Through a literature review of journal articles from 1990 to 2023 on adult education in the geographical category of Asia, I analyzed how these discussions connect to an Asian perspective. I identified five approaches through which Asian voices have been articulated in the literature: (1) distinct and shared cultural traditions, (2) ambiguities in Asian diaspora transitions, (3) local and/or historical practices applying the lens of Western or external theories, (4) local and/or historical experiences with a focus on practice, and (5) Indigenous/independent theorizing. In addition to a need to de‐reify theory by contextualizing processes of theorizing, I argue for deimperialization in the field of adult education—a need to interrogate imperial imaginaries that persist in education theorizing and practices across Asian regions and making the category of “Asians” fluid by historicizing relations of power such as colonialism, imperialism, and neoliberal capitalism.
Optimal installation of DG in radial distribution network using arithmetic optimization algorithm
Authors: Dey Indrajit , Roy Provas Kumar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this work is an arrangement of distributed generation (DG) in radial distribution networks (RDNs) in an adequate way. An efficient method, named arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) is used for that purpose. The intention for effective DG posting is to decrease the power loss and upgrade the voltage shape and voltage steadiness magnification in RDNs. The demonstration of the suggested AOA method has been made on 33‐bus, 69‐bus, 85‐bus, and 118‐bus RDNs for optimum orientation and capacity of DGs with distinct power factors (unity, fixed, and optimal). By using this projected technique, the execution of RDNs is improved with respect to voltage stability maximization, voltage fluctuation mitigation, and also reduction of real power loss. The AOA method which is recommended here, grants a better solution than several optimization techniques found in the literature. This recommended AOA technique provides the percentage improvement of power loss for case 1 to case 3 (65.50%, 86.48%, and 94.43%), (69.16%, 90.80%, and 98.10%), (44.57%, 66.61%, and 80.26%), and (60.34%, 88.80%, and 90.31%) for 33, 69, 85, and 118‐bus systems, respectively. The percentage improvement in voltage deviation minimization for case 1 to case 3 are (99.53%, 99.83%, and 99.84%), (99.88%, 99.91%, and 99.92%), and (97.53%, 98.98%, and 99.16%) for 33, 69, and 118‐bus systems, respectively. For different test systems (33, 69, and 118‐bus) improvements in voltage stability index maximization for case 1 to case 3 are (31.33%, 31.80%, and 31.81%), (30.15%, 31.25%, and 31.25%), and (37.78%, 39.23%, and 40.88%), respectively.
Integrated Electromechanical Structure for Iontronic Pressure Sensors with Linear High‐Sensitivity Response and Robust Sensing Stability
Authors: Zhu Bolin , Guo Junwei , Li Wendong , Luo Tian , Lei Fan , Li Guangxian , Yang Junlong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA linear high‐sensitivity response is crucial for flexible electronic skin, particularly in precision detection for applications like intelligent robotics and human‐machine interactions. Prevailing strategies typically adopt a layered, multifaceted material design to cultivate this response, yet this approach often culminates in a diminished capacity to augment sensing stability. The root causes of these limitations are predominantly material mechanical mismatches and interface incompatibilities inherent in these designs. To address these challenges, an electromechanical integration strategy is introduced that simultaneously enhances linear highsensitivity and stability. This strategy is centered on constructing a robust, integrated mechanical and electrical interface within a polyurethane material system through an in situ growth and adhesion process. The iontronic pressure sensor exhibits a linear high‐sensitivity response (16.24 kPa−1, R2 = 0.999) within a wide range (0–300 kPa). Moreover, the sensor's integrated structure, self‐encapsulated through the adhesion between the electrode and dielectric layers, exhibits robust stability, even under complex mechanical stresses. The applications of the sensors in precision weighing and haptic feedback within intelligent gripping systems demonstrate their advantages of both linearity and stable sensing. This work delineates a strategic pathway for the fabrication of high‐performance flexible pressure sensors, contributing significantly to the field of advanced sensing technologies.
Design and Fabrication of Nano‐Particles with Customized Properties using Self‐Assembly of Block‐Copolymers
Authors: Huang Changhang , Bai Kechun , Zhu Yanyan , Andelman David , Man Xingkun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFunctional nanoparticles (NPs) have gained significant attention as promising applications in various fields, including sensor, smart coating, drug delivery, and more. Here, a novel mechanism assisted by machine‐learning workflow is proposed to accurately predict phase diagram of NPs, which elegantly achieves tunability of shapes and internal structures of NPs using self‐assembly of block‐copolymers (BCP). Unlike most of previous studies, onion‐like and mesoporous NPs in neutral environment and hamburger‐like NPs in selective environment are obtained. Such novel phenomena are obtained only by tailoring the topology of a miktoarm star BCP chain architecture without the need for any further treatment. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the BCP chain architecture can be used as a new strategy for tuning the lamellar asymmetry of NPs. It is shown that the asymmetry between A and B lamellae in striped ellipsoidal and onion‐like particles increases as the volume fraction of the A‐block increases, beyond the level reached by linear BCPs. In addition, an extended region of onion‐like structure is found in the phase diagram of A‐selective environment, as well as the emergence of an inverse onion‐like structure in the B‐selective one. The findings provide a valuable insight into the design and fabrication of nanoscale materials with customized properties, opening up new possibilities for advanced applications in sensing, materials science, and beyond.
Strong Interaction between Molybdenum Compounds and Mesoporous CMK‐5 Supports Boosts Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhu Yunting , Sha Simiao , Ge Riyue , Cheng Chi , Yin Jie , Huang Zhengren , Dai Liming , Li Sean , Li Wenxian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStrong metal‐support interaction (SMSI) between transition metal nanoparticles and carbon matrix offers significant structure advantages due to the ability to modulate the electronic structure of metal nanoparticles, increase the density of active sites, and improve the conductivity of catalysts. Here, ultrafine nanoparticles of metallic molybdenum compounds (MoP, Mo2C, and MoS2) strongly coupled with mesoporous carbon CMK‐5 are synthesized. The confinement growth of nanoparticles in the pores of CMK‐5 produces encapsulated nanoparticles, affording facilitated electron transfer, and enhancing the HER activity induced by the SMSI effect. The hierarchical nanostructure and strong electronic interactions between the carbon substrate and molybdenum‐based nanoparticles allow efficient mass/electron transport between the carbon substrate and molybdenum‐based nanoparticles, improving the catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. The effective electron exchange between the Mo species and the CMK‐5 support is studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement, confirming the presence of the SMSI effect. The resulting MoP/CMK‐5 catalyst exhibits outstanding HER performance in alkaline (65 mV@10 mA cm−2), acidic (123 mV@10 mA cm−2), and simulated seawater electrolytes (103 mV@10 mA cm−2), making it one of the most promising catalysts reported for HER. This work provides guidance on designing high‐performance electrocatalysts with SMSI for the enhancement of the electrochemical reaction.
Photothermal Iron‐Based Riboflavin Microneedles for the Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis via Ion Therapy and Immunomodulation
Authors: Zhou Jun , Zhang Lisha , Wei Yaqi , Wu Qiang , Mao Kaibo , Wang Xiaoli , Cai Jinfeng , Li Xia , Jiang Yongxiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBacterial biofilm formation protects bacteria from antibiotics and the immune system, excessive inflammation further complicates treatment. Here, iron‐based metal–organic framework (MIL‐101)‐loaded riboflavin nanoparticles are designed for the therapeutic challenge of biofilm infection and hyperinflammation in bacterial keratitis. Specifically, MIL‐101 produces a thermal effect under exogenous near‐infrared light irradiation, which synergizes with ferroptosis‐like bacterial death induced by iron ions to exert an effective biofilm infection eradication effect. On the other hand, the disintegration of MIL‐101 sustains the release of riboflavin, which inhibits the pro‐inflammatory response of macrophage over‐activation by modulating their phenotypic switch. In addition, to solve the problems of short residence time, poor permeability, and low bioavailability of corneal medication, the MR@MN microneedle patch is further prepared by loading nanoparticles into SilMA hydrogel, which ultimately achieves painless, transepithelial, and highly efficient drug delivery. In vivo and ex vivo experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in eliminating bacterial infection and promoting corneal healing. Therefore, the MRMN patch, acting as an ocular drug delivery system with the ability of rapid corneal healing, promises a cost‐effective solution for the treatment of bacterial keratitis, which may also lead to a new approach for treating bacterial keratitis in clinics.
Bioengineered Silk Protein‐Based 3D In Vitro Models for Tissue Engineering and Drug Development: From Silk Matrix Properties to Biomedical Applications
Authors: Shuai Yajun , Zheng Meidan , Kundu Subhas C. , Mao Chuanbin , Yang Mingying 
Published: July 2024

Abstract3D in vitro model has emerged as a valuable tool for studying tissue development, drug screening, and disease modeling. 3D systems can accurately replicate tissue microstructures and physiological features, mirroring the in vivo microenvironment departing from conventional 2D cell cultures. Various 3D in vitro models utilizing biomacromolecules like collagen and synthetic polymers have been developed to meet diverse research needs and address the complex challenges of contemporary research. Silk proteins, bearing structural and functional similarities to collagen, have been increasingly employed to construct advanced 3D in vitro systems, surpassing the limitations of 2D cultures. This review examines silk proteins' composition, structure, properties, and functions, elucidating their role in 3D in vitro models. Furthermore, recent advances in biomedical applications involving silk‐based organoid models are discussed. In particular, the unique physiological attributes of silk matrix constituents in in vitro tissue constructs are highlighted, providing a meticulous evaluation of their importance. Additionally, it outlines the current research hurdles and complexities while contemplating future avenues, thereby paving the way for developing complex and biomimetic silk protein‐based microtissues.
Enhanced Tissue Regeneration Through Immunomodulatory Extracellular Vesicles Encapsulated in Diversified Silk‐Based Injectable Hydrogels
Authors: Sun Liangyan , Xiao Menglin , Chen Ling , Ni Lingyue , Chen Xiaoxuan , Zhang Lina , Yao Jinrong , Shao Zhengzhong , Zhao Bingjiao , Chen Xin , Liu Yuehua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) immunologically trained using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) display enhanced immunomodulatory capabilities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs are widely used in regenerative medicine owing to their bioactive properties without the drawbacks of cell therapy. However, it remains unclear whether EVs derived from LPS‐stimulated (trained) MSCs (L‐EVs) inherit the enhanced reparative potential from their parent cells. Thus, this study first aims to explore the effect of immunological training on the bioactivity of L‐EVs. LPS‐trained bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BMSCs) secrete more EVs, and these EVs significantly promote M2 macrophage polarization. Subsequently, hydrogel systems based on thixotropic injectable silk fibroin are prepared for in vivo EV delivery. These hydrogels have controllable gelation time and exhibit outstanding reparative effects on rat skin wounds and alveolar bone defects. Finally, it is revealed that L‐EVs promote M2 macrophage polarization by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of PKM2. Overall, this study shows that the immunological training of BMSCs effectively improves the therapeutic effects of their EVs and provides a convenient and diversified EV delivery strategy using an injectable silk fibroin hydrogel. This strategy has broad clinical application prospects for tissue regeneration.