bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognizing true H5N1 infections in humans during confirmed outbreaks
Authors: Zaman Mukhtiar , Gasimov Viktor , Oner Ahmet Faik , Dogan Nazim , Adisasmito Wiku , Coker Richard , Bamgboye Ebun L , Chan Paul KS , Hanshaoworakul Wanna , Lee Nelson , Phommasack Bounlay , Touch Sok , Tsang Owen , Swenson Anna , Toovey Stephen , Dreyer Nancy A 
Published: February 2014

Introduction: The goal of this study was to evaluate whether any characteristics that are evident at presentation for urgent medical attention could be used to differentiate cases of H5N1 in the absence of viral testing. Methodology: Information about exposure to poultry, clinical signs and symptoms, treatments, and outcomes was abstracted from existing data in the global avian influenza registry (www.avianfluregistry.org) using standardized data collection tools for documented and possible cases of H5N1 infection who presented for medical attention between 2005-2011 during known H5N1 outbreaks in Azerbaijan, Indonesia, Pakistan and Turkey. Results: Demography, exposure to poultry, and presenting symptoms were compared, with only the common symptoms of fever and headache presenting significantly more frequently in confirmed H5N1 cases than in possible cases. Reported exposure to infected humans was also more common in confirmed cases. In contrast, unexplained respiratory illness, sore throat, excess sputum production, and rhinorrhea were more frequent in possible cases. Overall, oseltamivir treatment showed a survival benefit, with the greatest benefit shown in H5N1 cases who were treated within two days of symptom onset (51% reduction in case fatality). Conclusion: Since prompt treatment with antivirals conferred a strong survival benefit for H5N1 cases, presumptive antiviral treatment should be considered for all possible cases presenting during an outbreak of H5N1 as a potentially life-saving measure.
Unusual Mechanism of Injury Resulting in a Thoracic Chance Fracture in a Rodeo Athlete: A Case Report
Authors: Boham Mikaela , O'Connell Kim 
Published: February 2014

Objective:To introduce the characteristics of a Chance fracture and increase awareness of the mechanism of injury that may occur during athletic activity.Background:A T12 Chance fracture was diagnosed in an 18-year-old male rodeo athlete. The rider was forced into extreme lumbothoracic hyperflexion when the horse bucked within the chute, pinning the rider's legs to his chest.Differential Diagnosis:Burst fracture, abdominal organ rupture, spinal dislocation, spinal cord injury, disk herniation, pars interarticularis fracture, spinal nerve injury, paralysis.Treatment:The patient underwent an open reduction and fixation of the thoracic fracture. Posterior stabilization was obtained with nonsegmental instrumentation. Allograft and autografts were used for posterolateral arthrodesis at T11–T12 and T12–L1.Uniqueness:Motor vehicle crashes with occupants wearing lap-type–only restraints account for nearly all previously reported Chance fractures. When only lap seatbelts are worn, the pelvis is stabilized, and the torso continues moving forward with impact. The stabilized body segment for this individual was reversed. Nearly 3 years after the initial surgery, fixation, and infection, the bareback rider has returned to full participation in rodeo.Conclusions:To our knowledge, this is the first reported diagnosis of a T12 Chance fracture in a rodeo athlete. When animals buck, athletes can be forced into hyperflexion, exposing them to Chance fractures. Therefore, anyone treating rodeo athletes must suspect possible spinal fracture when this mechanism is present and must treat all athletes with early conservative management and hospital referral.
Comparative Treatment Outcomes of Pre and Post-exercise TENS Application on Knee Osteoarthritis: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Bello Ajediran I. , Crankson Shirley , Adegoke Babatunde O.A. 
Published: February 2014

Objective The effects of TENS before exercise (TBE) and TENS after exercise (TAE) in the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA) were compared. Methods Fifteen participants with knee OA were alternatively assigned to either TBE or TAE groups. Participants' pain, active knee flexibility, thigh girth, disability, and activity levels were assessed at baseline and at the end of eight-week study. Mixed design two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P < 0.05 was used to compare the two groups. Results The mean age of the participants was 58.1 ± 10.9 years. Post-intervention comparison showed that TAE had significantly lower scores (1.9 ± 0.9) than TBE (4.3 ± 1.5) on Disability Index Questionnaire (DIQ) ( F-ratio = 10.5; P = 0.006), and significantly lower scores (0.8 ± 0.3) than TBE (1.4 ± 0.6) on Patient Assessment Scale (PAS) ( F-ratio = 8.3; P = 0.013). However, both groups did not significantly differ on the selected impairment measures. Conclusion TAE was found to be more effective on the primary outcome measures in patients with knee OA.
Pollination and floral biology of Adonis vernalis L. (Ranunculaceae) – a case study of threatened species
Authors: Denisow Bożena , Wrzesień Małgorzata , Cwener Anna 
Published: February 2014

<p>Although the knowledge of pollination systems of rare and threatened species is one of the principles for development of optimal conservation and management strategies, the data about their pollination requirements are scarce or incomplete. Different problems are listed (xerothermic habitat disappearance, overgrowing of patches, plant biology i.e., slow plant growth, problems with seed germination) among the possible causes of <em>Adonis vernalis</em> being threatened, but until now no consideration was given to the flowering biology and pollination.</p><p>The observations of flowering biology of <em>A. vernalis</em> (Ranunculaceae), a clonal species, were conducted in an out-of-compact-range population, in the Lublin Upland, Poland (51°18<em>'</em>55<em>"</em> N, 22°38<em>'</em>21<em>"</em> E), in 2011–2013. The reproductive potential of <em>A. vernalis</em> is related to the population age structure, pollination syndrome, and breeding system. The flowers exhibit incomplete protogyny. The dichogamy function is supported by different (biological, morphological) mechanisms. Stigma receptivity occurred about one day before anthers started shedding self-pollen, and pollen viability was increasing gradually during the flower life-span (66.3% in distal anthers vs. 77.3% in proximal). The decrease in pollen production and in pollen viability coincided with the lowest degree of seed set, irrespective of the pollination treatment. Pollen vectors are necessary for efficient pollination, as the proportion of pistils setting fruits after open pollination (41–82.1%) was significantly higher compared to spontaneous self-pollination (only 5.5–12.3%). The pollination requirements together with pollen/ovule ratio (P/O = 501) indicate a facultative xenogamous breeding system in <em>A. vernalis</em>. Therefore, in the conditions of the global lack of pollinators, improper pollination may weaken the population by leading to a decrease in the proportion of recombinants, and in addition to other factors, may accelerate extinction of small <em>A. vernalis</em> populations.</p>
Revue systématique d’interventions par des pairs usagers de drogues par injection
Authors: Noël Lina , Gagnon Dominique 
Published: February 2014

L’utilisation de drogues par injection demeure un facteur de risque important pour la transmission du VIH. Une recension des travaux, portant sur le recours à l’intervention par des pairs usagers de drogues par injection (UDI) pour promouvoir l’adoption de comportements de santé sécuritaires, indique que cette pratique peut entraîner des effets bénéfiques, notamment sur la réduction des pratiques d’injection à risque comme le partage de seringues. Plusieurs des études recensées misent aussi sur un recrutement dans les réseaux sociaux des personnes UDI permettant ainsi de rejoindre celles qui ne sont pas en contact avec les programmes de prévention. Néanmoins, cette approche soulève également la nécessité de bien former et de soutenir les pairs UDI au moyen de diverses approches théoriques. En effet, les interventions menées sont rarement uniques ; elles reposent plutôt sur une combinaison d’approches théoriques qui cherchent à la fois à induire des changements de comportements et à soutenir l’action préventive par l’augmentation des compétences des pairs UDI. La réplication d’un même type d’intervention par des pairs UDI, sous différentes conditions et dans divers contextes sociaux et culturels, témoigne ainsi du grand potentiel de cette approche. Il serait donc approprié de proposer des interventions par les pairs, basées sur différentes approches théoriques telles que proposées dans les études recensées et d’en évaluer les effets dans le contexte québécois.
L’évaluation d’un projet d’intervention par les pairs et le respect de ses principes d’action : le cas du GIAP
Authors: Greissler Elisabeth , Rivard Jacinthe , Bellot Céline 
Published: February 2014

La question de l’évaluation de l’intervention sociale pose différents types d’enjeux lorsqu’il est question de mesurer les effets d’un projet. Dans ce texte, à partir de deux expériences d’évaluation du Groupe d’Intervention Alternative par les Pairs (GIAP), les auteures démontrent les défis que pose l’évaluation de ce type d’intervention. D’une part, la démarche doit favoriser la mise au jour des particularités de ces modèles d’intervention. D’autre part, le regard évaluatif doit considérer ces particularités dans le choix des critères et des indicateurs mobilisés. Ainsi, il s’agit de démontrer, à travers l’analyse des logiques d’évaluation mises en place, comment évaluer peut constituer une occasion de reconnaître les valeurs d’un projet, sa dynamique, le rôle qu’il joue dans son milieu ainsi que la place qu’il réserve à ses acteurs.
INTERNET OGLAŠAVANJE – OSVRT NA TRENDOVE U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ // INTERNET ADVERTISING – A REVIEW OF TRENDS IN CROATIA
Authors: Jurković Zvonimir , Katolik Andreja 
Published: February 2014

Internet kao oglašivački medij velikom brzinom svrstao se u skupinu najbržerastućih svjetskih biznisa. Danas se na Internetu može oglašavati gotovo sve, a kakoje Internet mjesto skupljanja informacija, uspješnost oglašavanja sve je veća. Stoga,cilj rada odnosi se na prikaz općih informacija o Internet oglašavanju i sažetom skupupodataka o online oglašavanju u Republici Hrvatskoj, dok su znanstvenim metodamakao što su deduktivna, metoda deskripcije te metoda kompilacije dani temeljireprezentativnosti radu. Internet je znatno drugačiji od ostalih medija. Ova spoznajaima svoje temelje u činjenici da oglašavanje na Internetu traje i dostupno je 365 danau godini. Iako u Republici Hrvatskoj postoji pad ulaganja u oglašavanje unazadnekoliko godina zbog opće gospodarske krize, oglašivačka industrija najbrže jerastuća djelatnost u Hrvatskoj. Poznato je da je Internet kampanju moguće pokrenuti usvega nekoliko sati, te da su rezultati vidljivi u gotovo realnom vremenu. Premapodacima Hrvatske udruge reklamnih agencija, Internet oglašavanje postalo jepopularnije od reklamiranja u tisku. Oglašavanje na Internetu za mnoge velike tvrtkeu svijetu predstavlja idealan način pristupa do najšireg kruga potencijalnih korisnika –ne samo u jednom gradu, zemlji ili regiji, već u cijelom svijetu. S druge pak strane,ekonomska kriza nagnala je tvrtke da se uključe u pronalaženje jeftinijih načinaoglašavanja. Uporaba Interneta i njegov utjecaj nastavlja rasti iz dana u danprogresivnom dinamikom. Zbog sve većeg broja korisnika, svakodnevnog poboljšanjakvalitete, obogaćivanja sadržaja informacijama i kontinuiranog razvoja onlineoglašavanja pronalazi se uzrok zašto se sve veći broj poduzeća oglašava na Internetu.Sveukupno gledajući, ključna prednost Internet marketinga u odnosu na tradicionalni ostaje u razlogu da će Internet ostati najpovoljniji i najjeftiniji, ali i postati jedan odnajučinkovitijih sredstava oglašavanja.
Potiskivanje žena u savremenom društvu – socio-ekonomski aspekti
Authors: Vilić Dragana 
Published: February 2014

Uporedo sa stvaranjem uslova za napredak i emancipaciju žena u društvu, razvijali su se instrumenti i metodi sprečavanja ostvarivanja ovih uslova. Iako je evidentno formalno-pravno izjednačavanje žena s muškarcima u svim sferama života, u savremenom društvu postoje razni oblici potiskivanja i samopotiskivanja žene (psihološko, ekonomsko, kulturno, pristajanje žena „bez pobune“ na vrijednosti i pravila koja im muškarci postavljaju i sl.). Sve većom prisutnošću žena u javnoj sferi, njihovo potčinjavanje, diskriminacija i subordinacija premještaju se iz privatne u javnu sferu – (ne)mogućnost pristupa javnim službama, zapošljavanje, nivo zarade i sl. Uzroci ovoga potiskivanja nalaze se, najčešće, u karakteru društvenih odnosa još uvijek u ukorijenjenim patrijar-halnim obrascima u nametanju „muških“ principa i pravila svakodnevnog života čime se žene potiskuju iz važnih segmenata društvenih odnosa.
Springtime ENSO phase evolution and its relation to rainfall in the continental U.S.
Authors: Lee Sang‐Ki , Mapes Brian E. , Wang Chunzai , Enfield David B. , Weaver Scott J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSpringtime El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase evolution and associated U.S. rainfall variability are explored by performing composite analysis of observational data. Although the tropical Pacific ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies are weaker and less coherent in boreal spring compared to those in winter, there are unique and significant patterns of U.S. rainfall anomalies frequently appearing during the onset and decay phases of ENSO. In early spring of a decaying El Niño, the atmospheric jet stream and associated storm track shift southward, causing more frequent wet conditions across the southern U.S. and dry conditions in a belt south and east of the Ohio River. In late spring of a developing El Niño, the synoptic activity over the U.S. reduces overall and the southwesterly low‐level winds that carry moist air from the Gulf of Mexico to the U.S. shift westward, causing a similar dipole of rainfall anomalies between the southern U.S. and the Ohio Valley.
Was the Midcontinent Rift part of a successful seafloor‐spreading episode?
Authors: Stein Carol A. , Stein Seth , Merino Miguel , Randy Keller G. , Flesch Lucy M. , Jurdy Donna M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe ~1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift (MCR), the 3000 km long largely buried feature causing the largest gravity and magnetic anomaly within the North American craton, is traditionally considered a failed rift formed by isolated midplate volcanism and extension. We propose instead that the MCR formed as part of the rifting of Amazonia (Precambrian northeast South America) from Laurentia (Precambrian North America) and became inactive once seafloor spreading was established. A cusp in Laurentia's apparent polar wander path near the onset of MCR volcanism, recorded by the MCR's volcanic rocks, likely reflects the rifting. This scenario is suggested by analogy with younger rifts elsewhere and consistent with the MCR's extension to northwest Alabama along the East Continent Gravity High, southern Appalachian rocks having Amazonian affinities, and recent identification of contemporaneous large igneous provinces in Amazonia.
Greenland ice sheet melt from MODIS and associated atmospheric variability
Authors: Häkkinen Sirpa , Hall Dorothy K. , Shuman Christopher A. , Worthen Denise L. , DiGirolamo Nicolo E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDaily June‐July melt fraction variations over the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (2000–2013) are associated with atmospheric blocking forming an omega‐shape ridge over the GIS at 500 hPa height. Blocking activity with a range of time scales, from synoptic waves breaking poleward (<5 days) to full‐fledged blocks (≥5 days), brings warm subtropical air masses over the GIS controlling daily surface temperatures and melt. The temperature anomaly of these subtropical air mass intrusions is also important for melting. Based on the years with the greatest melt (2002 and 2012) during the MODIS era, the area‐average temperature anomaly of 2 standard deviations above the 14 year June‐July mean results in a melt fraction of 40% or more. Though the summer of 2007 had the most blocking days, atmospheric temperature anomalies were too small to instigate extreme melting.
Daytime wave characteristics in the mesosphere lower thermosphere region: Results from the Balloon‐borne Investigations of Regional‐atmospheric Dynamics experiment
Authors: Pallamraju Duggirala , Baumgardner Jeffrey , Singh Ravindra P. , Laskar Fazlul I. , Mendillo Christopher , Cook Timothy , Lockwood Sean , Narayanan R. , Pant Tarun K. , Chakrabarti Supriya 
Published: February 2014

AbstractResults obtained from a joint INDO‐US experiment on the investigations of mesosphere/lower thermosphere wave dynamics using balloon‐borne optical dayglow measurements in combination with ground‐based optical, radio, and magnetometer data are presented. Ultraviolet OI 297.2 nm dayglow emissions that originate at ~ 120 km were measured from low‐magnetic latitudes from onboard a balloon on 8 March 2010. This paper describes the details of a new spectrograph that is capable of making high spectral resolution (0.2 nm at 297.2 nm) and large (80°) field of view ultraviolet dayglow emission measurements and presents the first results obtained from its operation onboard a high‐altitude balloon. Waves of scale sizes ranging from 40 to 80 km in the zonal direction were observed in OI 297.2 nm emissions. Meridional scale sizes of similar waves were found to be 200 km as observed in the OI 557.7 nm emissions that originate from ~ 100 km. Periodicities were also derived from the variations of equatorial electrojet strength and ionospheric height on that day. Common periodicities of waves (in optical, magnetic, and radio measurements) were in the range of 16 to 30 min, which result in intrinsic horizontal wave speeds in the range of 21 to 77 m s−1. It is argued that gravity waves of such scale sizes and speeds at these heights are capable of propagating well into the thermosphere because the background wind directions were favorable. These waves were potentially capable of forming the seeds for the generation of equatorial plasma irregularities which did occur on that night.
The origin of Saturn's magnetic periodicities: Northern and southern current systems
Authors: Southwood D. J. , Cowley S. W. H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe recent survey by Andrews et al. (2012) of the separate northern and southern ~10.7 h periodic magnetic signals in Saturn's magnetosphere limits very much their governing current systems. The existence of signals with pure or close to pure northern or southern periods in respective polar caps taken with the relatively narrow bandwidth of the signals indicates that the actual periodicities are imposed independently from northern and southern polar regions, i.e., the open field line regions. Field‐aligned currents must flow on the boundaries of these regions to exclude signals from the other hemisphere. Equatorward of the polar cap, on closed magnetic shells, there are distinct north and south “cam” source currents, the distinction being made clear by a difference in polarization. We outline the consequences for the governing current systems and the implications for sustaining the energy and power dissipation in the system.
Pacific‐to‐Indian Ocean connectivity: Tasman leakage, Indonesian Throughflow, and the role of ENSO
Authors: van Sebille Erik , Sprintall Janet , Schwarzkopf Franziska U. , Sen Gupta Alex , Santoso Agus , England Matthew H. , Biastoch Arne , Böning Claus W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe upper ocean circulation of the Pacific and Indian Oceans is connected through both the Indonesian Throughflow north of Australia and the Tasman leakage around its south. The relative importance of these two pathways is examined using virtual Lagrangian particles in a high‐resolution nested ocean model. The unprecedented combination of a long integration time within an eddy‐permitting ocean model simulation allows the first assessment of the interannual variability of these pathways in a realistic setting. The mean Indonesian Throughflow, as diagnosed by the particles, is 14.3 Sv, considerably higher than the diagnosed average Tasman leakage of 4.2 Sv. The time series of Indonesian Throughflow agrees well with the Eulerian transport through the major Indonesian Passages, validating the Lagrangian approach using transport‐tagged particles. While the Indonesian Throughflow is mainly associated with upper ocean pathways, the Tasman leakage is concentrated in the 400–900 m depth range at subtropical latitudes. Over the effective period considered (1968–1994), no apparent relationship is found between the Tasman leakage and Indonesian Throughflow. However, the Indonesian Throughflow transport correlates with ENSO. During strong La Niñas, more water of Southern Hemisphere origin flows through Makassar, Moluccas, Ombai, and Timor Straits, but less through Moluccas Strait. In general, each strait responds differently to ENSO, highlighting the complex nature of the ENSO‐ITF interaction.
A mechanism for the latitudinal dependence of peak‐spectrum sea surface height variability
Authors: Lin Xiaopei , Yin Yuqi , Zhai Ping , Yang Jiayan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the power spectrum of satellite‐observed sea surface height (SSH) variability peaks at a certain frequency (or a wave number) band at a given latitude. Lin et al. (2008) attributed this latitudinal dependence to the critical frequency of the first baroclinic mode Rossby waves in the tropical and subtropical oceans. Their study was based on the linear Rossby wave theory and focused on SSH variability in the tropical and subtropical oceans since the altimetry data do not adequately resolve lengths of baroclinic Rossby waves at and near the critical frequency in high latitudes. In this study, we expand their analysis to high‐latitude oceanic basins and to include nonlinear eddy effects, by using a linear wave model and a high‐resolution model output from the OGCM for the Earth Simulator (OFES). It is found that the linear wave mechanism by and large remains valid in the tropical and subtropical oceans. In higher latitudes as well as in some regions in the western tropical and subtropical oceans, other mechanisms, like nonlinear eddy, play more important role in determining the SSH variability.