bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Priming with Ligands Secreted by Human Stromal Progenitor Cells Promotes Grafts of Cardiac Stem/Progenitor Cells After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Iso Yoshitaka , Rao Krithika S. , Poole Charla N. , Zaman A. K. M. Tarikuz , Curril Ingrid , Sobel Burton E. , Kajstura Jan , Anversa Piero , Spees Jeffrey L. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Transplantation of culture-expanded adult stem/progenitor cells often results in poor cellular engraftment, survival, and migration into sites of tissue injury. Mesenchymal cells including fibroblasts and stromal cells secrete factors that protect injured tissues, promote tissue repair, and support many types of stem/progenitor cells in culture. We hypothesized that secreted factors in conditioned medium (CdM) from adult bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) could be used to prime adult cardiac stem/progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs) and improve graft success after myocardial infarction (MI). Incubation of adult rat CPCs in CdM from human MSCs isolated by plastic adherence or by magnetic sorting against CD271 (a.k.a., p75 low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor; p75MSCs) induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and Akt in CPCs, supporting their proliferation under normoxic conditions and survival under hypoxic conditions (1% oxygen). Priming CSCs with 30× p75MSC CdM for 30 minutes prior to transplantation into subepicardial tissue 1 day after MI markedly increased engraftment compared with vehicle priming. Screening CdM with neutralizing/blocking antibodies identified connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and Insulin as key factors in p75MSC CdM that protected CPCs. Human CTGF peptide (CTGF-D4) and Insulin synergistically promoted CPC survival during hypoxia in culture. Similar to CdM priming, priming of CSCs with CTGF-D4 and Insulin for 30 minutes prior to transplantation promoted robust engraftment, survival, and migration of CSC derivatives at 1 week and 1 month after MI. Our results indicate that short-term priming of human CSCs with CTGF-D4 and Insulin may improve graft success and cardiac regeneration in patients with MI. Stem Cells 2014;32:674–683
Smad1 and 5 but Not Smad8 Establish Stem Cell Quiescence Which Is Critical to Transform the Premature Hair Follicle During Morphogenesis Toward the Postnatal State
Authors: Kandyba Eve , Hazen Virginia M. , Kobielak Agnieszka , Butler Samantha J. , Kobielak Krzysztof 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Hair follicles (HFs) are regenerative miniorgans that offer a highly informative model system to study the regulatory mechanisms of hair follicle stem cells (hfSCs) homeostasis and differentiation. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is key in both of these processes, governing hfSCs quiescence in the bulge and differentiation of matrix progenitors. However, whether canonical or noncanonical pathways of BMP signaling are responsible for these processes remains unresolved. Here, we conditionally ablated two canonical effectors of BMP signaling, Smad1 and Smad5 during hair morphogenesis and postnatal cycling in mouse skin. Deletion of Smad1 and Smad5 (dKO) in the epidermis during morphogenesis resulted in neonatal lethality with lack of visible whiskers. Interestingly, distinct patterns of phospho-Smads (pSmads) activation were detected with pSmad8 restricted to epidermis and pSmad1 and pSmad5 exclusively activated in HFs. Engraftment of dKO skin revealed retarded hair morphogenesis and failure to differentiate into visible hair. The formation of the prebulge and bulge reservoir for quiescent hfSCs was precluded in dKO HFs which remained in prolonged anagen. Surprisingly, in postnatal telogen HFs, pSmad8 expression was no longer limited to epidermis and was also present in dKO bulge hfSCs and matrix progenitors. Although pSmad8 activity alone could not prevent dKO hfSCs precocious anagen activation, it sustained efficient postnatal differentiation and regeneration of visible hairs. Together, our data suggest a pivotal role for canonical BMP signaling demonstrating distinguished nonoverlapping function of pSmad8 with pSmad1 and pSmad5 in hfSCs regulation and hair morphogenesis but a redundant role in adult hair progenitors differentiation. Stem Cells 2014;32:534–547
The Diammine Silver(I) Acetate [Ag(NH3)2]OAc
Authors: Woidy Patrick , Kraus Florian 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSilver acetate AgOAc reacts with dry liquid ammonia under the formation of colorless needle‐shaped crystals of diammine silver(I) acetate [Ag(NH3)2]OAc (1). The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 8.0205(2), b = 12.4161(3), c = 6.0938(2) Å, β = 107.741(4)°, and V = 577.98(3) Å3 at 123 K with Z = 4. The crystal structure shows the presence of almost linear [Ag(NH3)2]+ cations, which are arranged in a corrugated chain of equidistant silver atoms. The Ag–Ag distance is 3.1089(11) Å, which falls in the range of “argentophilic” interactions. After warming to room temperature and removal of the solvent, compound 1 was found unchanged as evidenced by powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric and mass‐spectrometric analysis, as well as IR and Raman spectroscopy.
THD Doppler procedure for hemorrhoids: the surgical technique
Authors: Ratto C. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD) is an effective treatment for hemorrhoidal disease. The ligation of hemorrhoidal arteries (called “dearterialization”) can provide a significant reduction of the arterial overflow to the hemorrhoidal piles. Plication of the redundant rectal mucosa/submucosa (called “mucopexy”) can provide a repositioning of prolapsing tissue to the anatomical site. In this paper, the surgical technique and perioperative patient management are illustrated. Following adequate clinical assessment, patients undergo THD under general or spinal anesthesia, in either the lithotomy or the prone position. In all patients, distal Doppler-guided dearterialization is performed, providing the selective ligation of hemorrhoidal arteries identified by Doppler. In patients with hemorrhoidal/muco-hemorrhoidal prolapse, the mucopexy is performed with a continuous suture including the redundant and prolapsing mucosa and submucosa. The description of the surgical procedure is complemented by an accompanying video (see supplementary material). In long-term follow-up, there is resolution of symptoms in the vast majority of patients. The most common complication is transient tenesmus, which sometimes can result in rectal discomfort or pain. Rectal bleeding occurs in a very limited number of patients. Neither fecal incontinence nor chronic pain should occur. Anorectal physiology parameters should be unaltered, and anal sphincters should not be injured by following this procedure. When accurately performed and for the correct indications, THD is a safe procedure and one of the most effective treatments for hemorrhoidal disease.
Prenatal programming in an obese swine model: sex-related effects of maternal energy restriction on morphology, metabolism and hypothalamic gene expression
Authors: Óvilo Cristina , González-Bulnes Antonio , Benítez Rita , Ayuso Miriam , Barbero Alicia , Pérez-Solana Maria L. , Barragán Carmen , Astiz Susana , Fernández Almudena , López-Bote Clemente 
Published: September 2013

Maternal energy restriction during pregnancy predisposes to metabolic alterations in the offspring. The present study was designed to evaluate phenotypic and metabolic consequences following maternal undernutrition in an obese pig model and to define the potential role of hypothalamic gene expression in programming effects. Iberian sows were fed a control or a 50 % restricted diet for the last two-thirds of gestation. Newborns were assessed for body and organ weights, hormonal and metabolic status, and hypothalamic expression of genes implicated in energy homeostasis, glucocorticoid function and methylation. Weight and adiposity were measured in adult littermates. Newborns of the restricted sows were lighter (P <0·01), but brain growth was spared. The plasma concentration of TAG was lower in the restricted newborns than in the control newborns of both the sexes (P <0·01), while the concentration of cortisol was higher in females born to the restricted sows (P <0·04), reflecting a situation of metabolic stress by nutrient insufficiency. A lower hypothalamic expression of anorexigenic peptides (LEPR and POMC, P <0·01 and P <0·04, respectively) was observed in females born to the restricted sows, but no effect was observed in the males. The expression of HSD11B1 gene was down-regulated in the restricted animals (P <0·05), suggesting an adaptive mechanism for reducing the harmful effects of elevated concentrations of cortisol. At 4 and 7 months of age, the restricted females were heavier and fatter than the controls (P< 0·01). Maternal feed restriction induces asymmetrical growth retardation and metabolic alterations in the offspring. Differences in gene expression at birth and higher growth and adiposity in adulthood suggest a female-specific programming effect for a positive energy balance, possibly due to overexposure to endogenous stress-induced glucocorticoids.
The Complexity of the Lie Module
Authors: Erdmann Karin , Lim Kay Jin , Tan Kai Meng 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe show that the complexity of the Lie module Lie(n) in characteristicpis bounded above bym, wherepmis the largestp-power dividingn, and, ifnis not ap-power, is equal to the maximum of the complexities of Lie(pi) for 1≤i≤m.
An examination of generalized anxiety disorder and dysthymic disorder by latent class analysis
Authors: Rhebergen D. , van der Steenstraten I. M. , Sunderland M. , de Graaf R. , ten Have M. , Lamers F. , Penninx B. W. J. H. , Andrews G. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundThe nosological status of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) versus dysthymic disorder (DD) has been questioned. The aim of this study was to examine qualitative differences within (co-morbid) GAD and DD symptomatology.MethodLatent class analysis was applied to anxious and depressive symptomatology of respondents from three population-based studies (2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing; National Comorbidity Survey Replication; and Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2; together known as the Triple study) and respondents from a multi-site naturalistic cohort [Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)]. Sociodemographics and clinical characteristics of each class were examined.ResultsA three-class (Triple study) and two-class (NESDA) model best fitted the data, reflecting mainly different levels of severity of symptoms. In the Triple study, no division into a predominantly GAD or DD co-morbidity subtype emerged. Likewise, in spite of the presence of pure GAD and DD cases in the NESDA sample, latent class analysis did not identify specific anxiety or depressive profiles in the NESDA study. Next, sociodemographics and clinical characteristics of each class were examined. Classes only differed in levels of severity.ConclusionsThe absence of qualitative differences in anxious or depressive symptomatology in empirically derived classes questions the differentiation between GAD and DD.
The Sepik River (Papua New Guinea) is not a dispersal barrier for lowland rain-forest frogs
Authors: Dahl Chris , Richards Stephen J. , Novotny Vojtech 
Published: September 2013

Abstract:Major tropical rivers have been suggested to be important dispersal barriers that increase the beta diversity of animal communities in lowland rain forests. We tested this hypothesis using assemblages of frogs in the floodplains of the Sepik River, a major river system in Papua New Guinea. We surveyed frogs at five sites within a continuous 150 × 500-km area of lowland rain forest bisected by the Sepik, using standardized visual and auditory survey techniques. We documented 769 frogs from 44 species. The similarity in species composition decreased with logarithm of geographical distance between the sites, which ranged from 82 to 465 km. The similarity decay did not depend on whether or not the compared sites were separated by the Sepik River or whether the species were aquatic or terrestrial breeders. Likewise, a DCA ordination of frog assemblages did not show separation of sites by the river as a significant factor explaining their composition. Our results suggest that even major rivers, such as the Sepik, may not act as dispersal barriers. Rivers may not limit the distribution of frogs and therefore have a limited effect on determining frog species abundance and assemblage structure in rain forests.
Lexical and phrasal prominence patterns in school-aged children's speech
Authors: SHPORT IRINA A. , REDFORD MELISSA A. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the integration of word- and phrase-level prominences in speech produced by twenty-five school-aged children (6;2 to 7;3) and twenty-five adults. Participants produced disyllabic number words in a straight count condition and in two phrasal conditions, namely, a stress clash and non-clash phrasal context. Duration and amplitude measures of syllable rhymes were used to assess the realization of lexical stress, and fundamental frequency (F0) measures were used to assess the realization of phrasal pitch accents across conditions. Results showed that the duration and F0 correlates varied independently of each other as a function of condition in child speech, but much less so in adult speech. The group differences were taken to indicate that six-year-old children have yet to develop prosodic structures with integrated prominence. Structural and pragmatic interpretations of the results are discussed.
Ulrich ideals and modules
Authors: GOTO SHIRO , OZEKI KAZUHO , TAKAHASHI RYO , WATANABE KEI-ICHI , YOSHIDA KEN-ICHI 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this paper we study Ulrich ideals of and Ulrich modules over Cohen--Macaulay local rings from various points of view. We determine the structure of minimal free resolutions of Ulrich modules and their associated graded modules, and classify Ulrich ideals of numerical semigroup rings and rings of finite CM-representation type.
The Story of Sāvitrī in theMahābhārata: a Lineal Interpretation
Authors: BRODBECK SIMON 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a new interpretation of the story of Sāvitrī as presented in theMahābhārata. Sāvitrī is viewed as an intendedputrikā, or lineal daughter, for her father, and the death of her husband and the misfortunes of her father-in-law are explained as corollaries of this circumstance; but at the last minute Sāvitrī switches her allegiance to her husband and his line, becoming apativratārather than aputrikā. Following a prompt in theMahābhāratatext, the paper concludes with an exploration, on the Sāvitrī model, of Draupadī's relationship to the Pāṇḍava line. The death of the Draupadeyas and the resuscitation of Parikṣit are viewed in terms of a symbolic switch from theputrikāto thepativratāmode of operation.
BMI and sociodemographic correlates of body image perception and attitudes in school-aged children
Authors: Duchin Ofra , Mora-Plazas Mercedes , Marin Constanza , de Leon Carlos Mendes , Lee Joyce M , Baylin Ana , Villamor Eduardo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to identify correlates of body image perception and dissatisfaction among school-aged children from Colombia, a country undergoing the nutrition transition.DesignCross-sectional study. Using child-adapted Stunkard scales, children were asked to indicate the silhouette that most closely represented their current and desired body shapes. Body image dissatisfaction (BID) score was estimated as current minus desired silhouette. Height and weight were measured in all children. Sociodemographic data were collected through questionnaires completed by the children's mothers.SettingPublic primary schools in Bogotá, Colombia.SubjectsChildren aged 5–12 years (n629) and their mothers.ResultsMean BID score was 0·1 (sd1·7). The strongest predictor of BID was actual BMI-for-ageZ-score (BAZ). Compared with children with BAZ ≥ −1 and <1, those with BAZ ≥ 2 had a 1·9 units higher BID score (Pfor trend <0·0001). BID tended to be higher in girls than boys at any level of BAZ. Other correlates of BID included child's height-for-ageZ-score, maternal BMI and dissatisfaction with the child's body, and home ownership.ConclusionsAmong school-aged children from a country experiencing the nutrition transition, body image perception was associated with the child's weight and height, and with maternal BMI, dissatisfaction with the child's body and socio-economic level.
Association of breakfast consumption with objectively measured and self-reported physical activity, sedentary time and physical fitness in European adolescents: the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study
Authors: Cuenca-García Magdalena , Ruiz Jonatan R , Ortega Francisco B , Labayen Idoia , González-Gross Marcela , Moreno Luis A , Gomez-Martinez Sonia , Ciarapica Donatella , Hallström Lena , Wästlund Acki , Molnar Dénes , Gottrand Frederic , Manios Yannis , Widhalm Kurt , Kafatos Anthony , De Henauw Stefaan , Sjöström Michael , Castillo Manuel J 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of breakfast consumption with objectively measured and self-reported physical activity, sedentary time and physical fitness.DesignThe HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Cross-Sectional Study. Breakfast consumption was assessed by two non-consecutive 24 h recalls and by a ‘Food Choices and Preferences’ questionnaire. Physical activity, sedentary time and physical fitness components (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness and speed/agility) were measured and self-reported. Socio-economic status was assessed by questionnaire.SettingTen European cities.SubjectsAdolescents (n2148; aged 12·5–17·5 years).ResultsBreakfast consumption was not associated with measured or self-reported physical activity. However, 24 h recall breakfast consumption was related to measured sedentary time in males and females; although results were not confirmed when using other methods to assess breakfast patterns or sedentary time. Breakfast consumption was not related to muscular fitness and speed/agility in males and females. However, male breakfast consumers had higher cardiorespiratory fitness compared with occasional breakfast consumers and breakfast skippers, while no differences were observed in females. Overall, results were consistent using different methods to assess breakfast consumption or cardiorespiratory fitness (allP≤ 0·005). In addition, both male and female breakfast skippers (assessed by 24 h recall) were less likely to have high measured cardiorespiratory fitness compared with breakfast consumers (OR = 0·33; 95 % CI 0·18, 0·59 and OR = 0·56; 95 %CI 0·32, 0·98, respectively). Results persisted across methods.ConclusionsSkipping breakfast does not seem to be related to physical activity, sedentary time or muscular fitness and speed/agility as physical fitness components in European adolescents; yet it is associated with both measured and self-reported cardiorespiratory fitness, which extends previous findings.
State Secularization and Religious Resurgence: Diverging Fates of Secularism in Turkey and Iran
Authors: Baskan Birol 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe recent Arab revolutions/rebellions/protests have raised once again an old question: what features should the Arab political systems ideally have? Inescapably, perhaps, the case of Turkey frequently appears as a model to be emulated in the Arab world. A variety of actors, from George W. Bush to Barack Obama, from Rashid Ganouchi to Hillary Clinton has in fact viewed Turkey in that role. Even though, many intellectuals and academics usually raise doubts about the suitability of Turkish model for the Arab world (see, for example, Mamedov and Makarov 2011), it may still prove fruitful to consider the case of Turkey more seriously.
Harnessing Third Parties for Transnational Environmental Crime Prevention
Authors: Ayling Julie 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBecause transnational environmental crime (TEC) can result in the demise of an environmental resource or irreversible damage to the environment and has implications for national and global security, its prevention is a critical issue. Deterrence through law enforcement can go only a limited distance towards preventing TEC. However, there is a huge potential for third parties to be active participants, alongside governmental authorities, in crafting and implementing strategies for TEC prevention. This article explores the ways in which states can catalyze third parties – non-state, non-offending actors – to contribute their own capacities towards the pursuit of preventive outcomes. It draws together concepts and theories from policing studies, criminology and regulatory studies to highlight changing relationships between the state and non-state actors with respect to crime control, and applies them to TEC. Examples and illustrations used in the article relate mainly to efforts to combat the illegal wildlife trade. The article concludes that a more systematic approach to TEC prevention involving third parties is needed, and that this requires dedicated strategic analysis and planning on the part of states, working individually and together.
A Smile Radiates Outwards and Biases the Eye Expression
Authors: Fernández-Martín Andrés , Gutiérrez-García Aida , Calvo Manuel G. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis study investigated how extrafoveally seen smiles influence the viewers’ perception of non-happy eyes in a face. A smiling mouth appeared in composite faces with incongruent (angry, fearful, neutral, etc.) eyes, thus producing blended expressions, or they appeared in intact faces with genuine expressions. Overt attention to the eye region was spatially cued, foveal vision of the mouth was blocked by gaze-contingent masking, and the distance between the eyes and the mouth was varied. Participants evaluated whether the eyes were happy or not. Results indicated that the same non-happy eyes were more likely to be judged as happy, and more slowly to be judged as not happy, in presence more than in absence of a smile. As (a) the smiling mouth was highly salient regardless of type of eyes, (b) the influence on the eyes increased gradually as a function of eye-mouth proximity, and (c) the effect occurred in the absence of fixations on the mouth, we conclude that a salient smile radiates outwards to other face regions through a projection mechanism, thus making the eye expression look happy.
Systems Pharmacology Models Can Be Used to Understand Complex Pharmacokinetic‐Pharmacodynamic Behavior: An Example Using 5‐Lipoxygenase Inhibitors
Authors: Demin O , Karelina T , Svetlichniy D , Metelkin E , Speshilov G , Demin O , Fairman D , van der Graaf PH , Agoram BM 
Published: September 2013

Zileuton, a 5‐lipoxygenase (5LO) inhibitor, displays complex pharmaokinetic (PK)‐pharmacodynamic (PD) behavior. Available clinical data indicate a lack of dose–bronchodilatory response during initial treatment, with a dose response developing after ~1–2 weeks. We developed a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model to understand the mechanism behind this phenomenon. The model described the release, maturation, and trafficking of eosinophils into the airways, leukotriene synthesis by the 5LO enzyme, leukotriene signaling and bronchodilation, and the PK of zileuton. The model provided a plausible explanation for the two‐phase bronchodilatory effect of zileuton–the short‐term bronchodilation was due to leukotriene inhibition and the long‐term bronchodilation was due to inflammatory cell infiltration blockade. The model also indicated that the theoretical maximum bronchodilation of both 5LO inhibition and leukotriene receptor blockade is likely similar. QSP modeling provided interesting insights into the effects of leukotriene modulation.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e74; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.49; advance online publication 11 September 2013