bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflict management and resolution in family-owned businesses
Authors: Alderson Keanon 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to review the literature concerning the negative effects of conflict among family businesses and to make practitioner focussed recommendations for the prevention, management, and resolution of conflict. This paper discusses the prevalence of conflict in family firms, differentiates the types of conflict present, and recommends proven approaches to prevent and manage the conflict, with a focus on corporate governance tools. Examples of well known companies are presented.Design/methodology/approach– A review was conducted of the literature concerning family business conflict and corporate governance.Findings– Conflict is a common problem in family firms that has significant consequences for the business and the family. Research has shown effective governance may reduce and manage conflict.Research limitations/implications– This was a literature review. As such it did not perform original research.Practical implications– This paper has practical implications for family business practitioners. The paper offers the negative aspects of conflict and recommends effective mechanisms such as governance tools to enable the prevention, management, and resolution of conflict.Social implications– Implications exist for practitioners and policy makers in order to reduce conflict and increase the viability of family firms.Originality/value– The scholarly literature has been reviewed and synthesized into distillation for family business owners.
Creating space for the business family
Authors: Seaman Claire 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider one of the major, under-researched themes in rural studies – the business family. Acting as an economic bedrock and entrepreneurial business base, families may support one or more businesses over varying time frames (Rouvinez, 2001).

Design/methodology/approach
– By reviewing related literature, the paper aims to encapsulate some thoughts on this topic and to consider ways in which future work in this field might be directed.

Findings
– Standing at the divide between entrepreneurship research, business research and research which looks at the family in a social paradigm, business families remain one of the under-researched areas which provide a vital function within rural communities (Getz et al., 2004, p. 3). One distinction drawn out within this paper is of the manner whereby a family business – defined here as a business with one or more family members where the owners perceive it to be a family business – stands in parallel to the business family. Difficulties in definition of the term family business (Sharma, 1996) have further complicated this distinction, but the importance of family businesses in a worldwide context is acknowledged (Poutziouris, 2006) alongside the need for further research in a UK context (Fletcher, 2002; Getz et al., 2004, p. 72). If the term family business is difficult to define, simpler definitions of the business family do appear: families with a distinct track record in portfolio or serial entrepreneurship but where the expertise is embedded within more than one individual.

Originality/value
– Developing thinking around the interaction between families and the businesses they run is a vital development in regional development and of especial importance where agriculture.
Animal personality meets community ecology: founder species aggression and the dynamics of spider communities
Authors: Quinn John L. 
Published: October 2015

Silken web‐reef created by the spider Anelosimus studiosus (main picture) and close‐up (insert picture) of multi‐female, adult colony of the same species. (photographs: T. Jones, J. Pruitt and A. Wild)imageSilken web‐reef created by the spider Anelosimus studiosus (main picture) and close‐up (insert picture) of multi‐female, adult colony of the same species. (photographs: T. Jones, J. Pruitt and A. Wild)In Focus: Pruitt, J.N. & Modlmeier, A.P. (2015) Animal personality in a foundation species drives community divergence and collapse in the wild. Journal of Animal Ecology, 84Interspecific interactions form the cornerstone of niche theory in community ecology. The 7‐year study In Focus here supports the view that variation within species could also be crucially important. Spider communities created experimentally in the wild, with either aggressive or docile individuals of the same founder species, were highly divergent in patterns of community succession for several years. Eventually, they converged on the same community composition only to collapse entirely shortly after, apparently because of the specific mix of aggression phenotypes within and between species just before collapse. These results suggest numerous avenues of research for behavioural ecology and evolutionary community ecology in metapopulations, and could help to resolve differences between competing theories.
The appropriateness and feasibility of an online e‐Portfolio for assessment of undergraduate allied health students
Authors: Cordier Reinie , McAuliffe Tomomi , Wilson Nathan J. , Totino Rebekah , Dender Alma , Smith Cally , Stephens Michaela 
Published: October 2015

Background/aimOnline technologies are widely used in tertiary institutions for both learning and assessment. There is a paucity of research into the use of e‐Portfolios for assessment in the field of occupational therapy and other allied health disciplines. This study aimed to determine if a new assessment platform, using a flexible online learning platform, PebblePad™, is appropriate and feasible for use with allied health university staff and students in their first and second year of study.MethodsA mixed methods approach was employed in two phases, before the development of a new assessment (Phase 1) and after completion of the new assessment (Phase 2), aimed to generate a comprehensive analysis of the appropriateness and feasibility of the new assessment platform. Inductive thematic analysis was used to investigate participants’ focus group responses in both phases. To assess learning outcomes survey responses were analysed using t‐tests, and descriptive ratings of the assessment and current use of online platforms were extracted.ResultsTriangulated results indicate that the assessment did not meet all five domains of appropriateness. Negative experiences and a lack of social and ecological validity were attributed to the PebblePad™. The PebblePad™ was not feasible, requiring extensive support in implementation.ConclusionsWhile PebblePad™ did not meet all domains of appropriateness and was not feasible, students reported learning gains after completing the assessment, suggesting that content may be more important than the assessment platform. More rigorous research is needed to determine the best online platform for assessment in the allied health disciplines.
Efficiency of genomic prediction for boar taint reduction in Danish Landrace pigs
Authors: Lukić B. , Pong‐Wong R. , Rowe S. J. , de Koning D. J. , Velander I. , Haley C. S. , Archibald A. L. , Woolliams J. A. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryGenetic selection against boar taint, which is caused by high skatole and androstenone concentrations in fat, is a more acceptable alternative than is the current practice of castration. Genomic predictors offer an opportunity to overcome the limitations of such selection caused by the phenotype being expressed only in males at slaughter, and this study evaluated different approaches to obtain such predictors. Samples from 1000 pigs were included in a design which was dominated by 421 sib pairs, each pair having one animal with high and one with low skatole concentration (≥0.3 μg/g). All samples were measured for both skatole and androstenone and genotyped using the Illumina SNP60 porcine BeadChip for 62 153 single nucleotide polymorphisms. The accuracy of predicting phenotypes was assessed by cross‐validation using six different genomic evaluation methods: genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) and five Bayesian regression methods. In addition, this was compared to the accuracy of predictions using only QTL that showed genome‐wide significance. The range of accuracies obtained by different prediction methods was narrow for androstenone, between 0.29 (Bayes Lasso) and 0.31 (Bayes B), and wider for skatole, between 0.21 (GBLUP) and 0.26 (Bayes SSVS). Relative accuracies, corrected for h2, were 0.54–0.56 and 0.75–0.94 for androstenone and skatole respectively. The whole‐genome evaluation methods gave greater accuracy than using only the QTL detected in the data. The results demonstrate that GBLUP for androstenone is the simplest genomic technology to implement and was also close to the most accurate method. More specialised models may be preferable for skatole.
Low indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase activity in persistent food allergy in children
Authors: Buyuktiryaki B. , Sahiner U. M. , Girgin G. , Birben E. , Soyer O. U. , Cavkaytar O. , Cetin C. , Arik Yilmaz E. , Yavuz S. T. , Kalayci O. , Baydar T. , Sackesen C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundIndoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO), which degrades tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn), has been demonstrated to contribute to modulation of allergic responses. However, the role of IDO in food allergy has not yet been elucidated.MethodsSerum Trp and Kyn concentrations were analyzed by high‐pressure liquid chromatography. Expression of IDO gene was measured by real‐time PCR. The levels of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐10, and interferon (IFN)‐γ in cell culture supernatants were measured by ELISA.ResultsKyn/Trp (IDO activity) was significantly lower in subjects with food allergy (n = 100) than in aged‐matched healthy controls (n = 112) (P = 0.004). Kyn/Trp was decreased from healthy through completely tolerant, partially tolerant, and reactive ones [LN transformation (mean ± SEM) healthy: 3.9 ± 0.02 μM/mM; completely tolerant: 3.83 ± 0.04; partially tolerant: 3.8 ± 0.06; reactive: 3.7 ± 0.04] (P = 0.008). The frequency of genetic polymorphisms of IDO did not reveal a significant association with Trp, Kyn, and Kyn/Trp in healthy and food‐allergic cases. Culture of PBMC experiments yielded that IDO mRNA expression was not different between tolerant and reactive groups. IL‐4 synthesis when stimulated with casein increased significantly in subjects who are reactive and tolerant to foods (P = 0.042, P = 0.006, respectively). Increase in IL‐10 synthesis was observed only in children tolerant to milk, but not in reactive ones. IFN‐γ synthesis, when stimulated with IL‐2 and β‐lactoglobulin in cell culture, was significantly higher in subjects tolerant to milk than in the reactive ones (P = 0.005 and P = 0.029, respectively).ConclusionOur results imply the probability of involvement of IDO in development of tolerance process, and we presume that high IDO activity is associated with nonresponsiveness to food allergens despite allergen sensitization.
Nitric therapy in preterm infants: rationalised approach based on functional neonatal echocardiography
Authors: Cheng Daryl R. , Peart Stacey , Tan Kenneth , Sehgal Arvind 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimUse of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in preterm infants is not supported by current evidence. In 2013, in Australia and New Zealand, 14% infants' ≤25 weeks of gestations were administered iNO. Within the cohort administered iNO, we aimed to identify subgroups where it may be more efficacious and compared characteristics before and after the set‐up of the functional echocardiography (fEcho) programme.MethodsA retrospective audit for the period 2000–2013 involving preterm infants administered iNO in the first four weeks of life was performed. Comparisons were made between the two time epochs: up to 2007 and post‐2007.ResultsEighty‐five infants fulfilled the inclusion criteria; 62 (73%) were ≤28 weeks of gestation; 51 (60%) survived. Amongst survivors, gestation and birthweight were higher and oxygenation index (OI) was lower. Fourteen (16.5%) infants weighed small for gestation age; survival was lower in this subgroup (6/14, 43%, p = 0.0005). The fEcho programme increased prenitric assessments for a definitive diagnosis and monitoring; iNO was started earlier, at a lower OI with a trend towards reduced usage (hours).ConclusionCharacteristics of subgroups (within the cohort of infants ≤34 weeks of gestation) more likely to benefit from iNO therapy were identified. Use of fEcho could rationalise usage.
Diversion and injection of buprenorphine–naloxone film two years post‐introduction in Australia
Authors: Larance Briony , Mattick Richard , Ali Robert , Lintzeris Nicholas , Jenkinson Rebecca , White Nancy , Kihas Ivana , Cassidy Rosemary , Degenhardt Louisa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsWe report 2 years of post‐marketing surveillance of the diversion and injection of buprenorphine–naloxone (BNX) film following its introduction in 2011.Design and MethodsInterviews were conducted with people who inject drugs regularly (PWID) (2004–2013), opioid substitution therapy clients (2013, n = 492) and key experts (n = 44). Key outcomes were unsanctioned removal of supervised doses, diversion, injection and street price. Prevalence of past 6‐month injection among PWID was adjusted for background availability of opioid substitution therapy medications using sales data.ResultsAmong out‐of‐treatment PWID, the levels of regular (weekly+) BNX film injection were comparable to methadone and BNX tablets, and lower than mono‐buprenorphine, adjusting for background availability. Fewer BNX film clients [3%; 95% (CI) 1–5] regularly injected their medication than mono‐buprenorphine clients (25%; 95% CI 11–39), but at levels equivalent to those among methadone (3%; 95% CI 1–6) and BNX tablet clients (2%; 95% CI 0–6). Key experts perceived BNX film needed less supervised dosing time as it dissolved rapidly and was harder to remove from the mouth than sublingual tablets; however, removal of supervised doses was higher among BNX film clients (15%; 95% CI: 10–20) than methadone clients (3%; 95% CI 1–6), and not significantly different from BNX tablet (11%; 95% CI 2–21) and mono‐buprenorphine clients (31%; 95% CI 16–46).Discussion and ConclusionsTwo years post‐introduction, levels of BNX film diversion and injection remained comparable with those for methadone and BNX tablets, and lower than mono‐buprenorphine. We found no evidence that BNX film has lower non‐adherence and diversion than the tablet formulation. [Larance B, Mattick R, Ali R, Lintzeris N, Jenkinson R, White N, Kihas I, Cassidy R, Degenhardt L. Diversion and injection of buprenorphine–naloxone film two years post‐introduction in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015]
Acute TrkB inhibition rescues phenobarbital‐resistant seizures in a mouse model of neonatal ischemia
Authors: Kang S. K. , Johnston M. V. , Kadam S. D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNeonatal seizures are commonly associated with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy. Phenobarbital (PB) resistance is common and poses a serious challenge in clinical management. Using a newly characterized neonatal mouse model of ischemic seizures, this study investigated a novel strategy for rescuing PB resistance. A small‐molecule TrkB antagonist, ANA12, used to selectively and transiently block post‐ischemic BDNF‐TrkB signaling in vivo, determined whether rescuing TrkB‐mediated post‐ischemic degradation of the K+–Cl− co‐transporter (KCC2) rescued PB‐resistant seizures. The anti‐seizure efficacy of ANA12 + PB was quantified by (i) electrographic seizure burden using acute continuous video‐electroencephalograms and (ii) post‐treatment expression levels of KCC2 and NKCC1 using Western blot analysis in postnatal day (P)7 and P10 CD1 pups with unilateral carotid ligation. ANA12 significantly rescued PB‐resistant seizures at P7 and improved PB efficacy at P10. A single dose of ANA12 + PB prevented the post‐ischemic degradation of KCC2 for up to 24 h. As anticipated, ANA12 by itself had no anti‐seizure properties and was unable to prevent KCC2 degradation at 24 h without follow‐on PB. This indicates that unsubdued seizures can independently lead to KCC2 degradation via non‐TrkB‐dependent pathways. This study, for the first time as a proof‐of‐concept, reports the potential therapeutic value of KCC2 modulation for the management of PB‐resistant seizures in neonates. Future investigations are required to establish the mechanistic link between ANA12 and the prevention of KCC2 degradation.
Big data and data science: what should we teach?
Authors: Song Il‐Yeol , Zhu Yongjun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe era of big data has arrived. Big data bring us the data‐driven paradigm and enlighten us to challenge new classes of problems we were not able to solve in the past. We are beginning to see the impacts of big data in every aspect of our lives and society. We need a science that can address these big data problems. Data science is a new emerging discipline that was termed to address challenges that we are facing and going to face in the big data era. Thus, education in data science is the key to success, and we need concrete strategies and approaches to better educate future data scientists. In this paper, we discuss general concepts on big data, data science, and data scientists and show the results of an extensive survey on current data science education in United States. Finally, we propose various approaches that data science education should aim to accomplish.
Gradient‐based back‐propagation dynamical iterative learning scheme for the neuro‐fuzzy inference system
Authors: Nejad Hadi Chahkandi , Farshad Mohsen , Rahatabad Fereidoun Nowshiravan , Khayat Omid 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a gradient‐based back propagation dynamical iterative learning algorithm is proposed for structure optimization and parameter tuning of the neuro‐fuzzy system. Premise and consequent parameters of the neuro‐fuzzy model are initialized randomly and then tuned by the proposed iterative algorithm. The learning algorithm is based on the first order partial derivative of the output with respect to the structure parameters. The first order derivative of the model output with respect to the structure parameters determines the sensitivity of the model to structure parameters. The sensitivity values are then used to set the tuning factors and parameters updating step sizes. Therefore, an adaptive dynamical iterative scheme is achieved which adapts the learning procedure to the current state of the performance during the optimization process. Larger tuning step sizes make the convergence speed higher and vice versa. In this regard, this parameter is treated according to the calculated sensitivity of the model to the parameter. The proposed learning algorithm is compared with the least square back propagation method, genetic algorithm and chaotic genetic algorithm in the neuro‐fuzzy model structure optimization. Smaller mean square error and shorter learning time are sought in this paper, and the performance of the proposed learning algorithm is versified regarding these criteria.
A mood‐ and situation‐based model for developing intuitive Pop music recommendation systems
Authors: Chen You‐Shyang , Cheng Ching‐Hsue , Chen Da‐Ren , Lai Cheng‐Huan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTraditionally, a per‐song‐purchased base recommendation system is used on most music websites, but this method produces unsatisfactory results under various situational practices. This study proposes a hybrid procedure that includes both an expert‐attributes selection capability and a mood/situation‐attributes categorization functionality. This procedure fosters the development of a so‐called MoMusic model as an unlimited online streaming service to replace current systems and artfully provide music to interested parties. This study employs a dataset consisting of 821 songs from the 2005–2010 annual music rankings as well as songs from the top artists from 2009 to 2010 from Taiwan's popular KKBOX music streaming service. The experimental dataset was assessed and coded by domain experts, and the expert‐attributes selections and mood/situation‐attributes categorizations were used to produce recommendation lists. These recommendation lists were then paired with questionnaire‐derived music preferences from experienced users. The experimental results conclusively show that the MoMusic model is approximately twice as accurate as the random selection‐based lists and the KKBOX‐like recommendation lists and performs better than the two listed recommendation systems. The MoMusic model scores 0.889 on the usefulness evaluation, whereas the system satisfaction is 0.96. The MoMusic model has the advantages of intuitive use and high performance.
Optimal method for measuring tumor extent in needle biopsy specimens to identify small‐volume prostate cancer
Authors: Kajikawa Keishi , Kanao Kent , Kobayashi Ikuo , Nishikawa Genya , Yoshizawa Takahiko , Kato Yoshiharu , Watanabe Masahito , Zennami Kenji , Nakamura Kogenta , Sumitomo Makoto 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo compare various methods for measuring tumor extent in prostate biopsy specimens to identify small‐volume prostate cancer.MethodsA total of 100 radical prostatectomy specimens were retrospectively analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to compare the abilities of prostate‐specific antigen density, and four measures of tumor extent in prostate biopsy specimens – positive core number, greatest percentage of cancer in a single core, greatest length of cancer in cores and total length of cancer in cores – to identify small volume prostate cancer. Four definitions of insignificant cancer volume were used in this analysis: index and total tumor volume <0.5 mL, index tumor volume <1.3 mL and total tumor volume <2.5 mL. Multivariate analysis was also used to evaluate variables for predicting small‐volume prostate cancer.ResultsTotal length of cancer in cores had the highest areas under the curve of all the measures defining small‐volume prostate cancer: index tumor volume <0.5 mL (0.855), total tumor volume <0.5 mL (0.877), index tumor volume <1.3 mL (0.784) and total tumor volume <2.5 mL (0.818). On multivariate analysis total length of cancer in cores was an independent predictive factor for prostate cancers with index tumor volume <0.5 mL (P < 0.001), <1.3 mL (P < 0.001) and total tumor volume <0.5 mL (P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionOur data suggest that total length of cancer in cores is the optimal measure of tumor extent in prostate biopsy specimens for identifying small‐volume prostate cancer.
Pattern Bargaining and Wage Leadership in a Small Open Economy*
Authors: Calmfors Lars , Seim Anna Larsson 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPattern bargaining with the tradables (manufacturing) sector as the wage leader is common in Europe. We question the conventional wisdom that such bargaining produces wage restraint. In our model, all forms of pattern bargaining give the same outcomes as uncoordinated bargaining under inflation targeting. Under a monetary union, wage leadership for the non‐tradables sector is conducive to wage restraint, whereas wage leadership for the tradables sector is not. Comparison thinking might lead the follower to set the same wage as the leader. Such equilibria can arise when the leader sector is the smaller sector, and these can promote high employment.
Network Effects in International Migration: Education versus Gender*
Authors: Beine Michel , Salomone Sara 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the impact that networks have on the structure of international migration flows. In particular, we investigate whether diaspora externalities are different across education levels and gender. Using new data that include both dimensions, we analyze the respective impact that networks have on the proportion of each category of migrant. Therefore, in contrast to the preceding body of literature on the macro determinants of international migration, we can identify the factors that influence the selection in terms of skills and in terms of gender. We find that network effects vary by education level, but not by gender.