bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tout est-il colonial dans le Maghreb ? Ce que les travaux des historiens modernistes peuvent apporter
Authors: Grangaud Isabelle , Oualdi M’hamed 
Published: July 2014

L’histoire coloniale, par sa violence et par les transformations majeures qu’elle a impulsées dans les sociétés du Maghreb tend à constituer un horizon du passé qui opacifie des dynamiques historiques bien plus anciennes. Cet article n’entend pas seulement mettre en perspective la réalité de cette ancienneté. Il suggère que la considération de la longue durée peut transformer l’intelligibilité et les cadres d’analyse de l’histoire maghrébine en général et du moment colonial en particulier. Une première partie analyse les lignes de forces du champ des études coloniales ; elle souligne cependant les apories liées la rigidité des cadres temporels et spatiaux considérés. Dans une deuxième partie, l’article met en perspective les désenclavements que permettrait la prise en compte des temps modernes et avec eux des legs médiévaux en considérant trois directions : le temps, nos conceptions des territoires maghrébins et nos lectures des archives.
Maison du dauphin : maison fantôme pour une fonction dans l’ombre ?
Authors: Lahaye Matthieu 
Published: July 2014

Le Grand Dauphin ne bénéficiait pas d’une maison séparée de celle du roi. Ce dernier avait la haute main non seulement sur la comptabilité, mais aussi sur la nomination des différents serviteurs et domestiques qui accompagnaient le prince dans son quotidien. Mais peu à peu, notamment au début du xviiie siècle avec l’agrandissement de son domaine de Meudon, le dauphin sut s’attacher des serviteurs grâce aux revenus de sa « cassette », mais aussi du domaine de Meudon. Autour de lui, une maison informelle se développa. Malgré tout, on est bien obligé de constater son extrême dépendance financière qui montre à quel point la fonction delphinale, durant le règne de Louis XIV, était vraiment une fonction sous contrôle.
Éduquer le Dauphin : exempla, image du père, éducation exemplaire ?
Authors: Mormiche Pascale 
Published: July 2014

L’éducation du dauphin est indéniablement intégrée dans la culture politique de l’Ancien régime et dans le processus de représentation royale de la monarchie absolue. Cet article analyse le choix du personnel éduquant le fils du roi comme un choix essentiel pour le royaume, et tendant à l’équilibre des courants intellectuels dans la deuxième partie du xviie siècle. Ce choix fait apparaître les enjeux sous-jacents à la mise en œuvre d’un programme éducatif innovant depuis la petite enfance, les sept ans entre les mains des femmes suivis des sept ans entre les mains des hommes. Sont alors structurés pour le dauphin, les savoirs nécessaires à un prince qui, désormais, doit apprendre à régner. Dans le contexte de la réflexion sur les Anciens et les Modernes, se pose alors la question des modèles à proposer au dauphin, entre héros antiques, rois de la dynastie des Bourbons et image de son propre père.L’éducation du dauphin entraîne une rupture dans l’histoire de l’éducation des élites, entre le prince que ses vertus aident à régner et le prince qui acquière des savoirs, par des pratiques éducatives qui sont autant de premières missions confiées par le roi à son fils auprès de la cour, de l’armée, des artistes… L’éducation du dauphin a un périmètre beaucoup plus large que le sous-entend l’enseignement scolaire des collèges, par exemple.Ainsi créée, cette éducation devient un modèle pour les princes, ses contemporains, avant de déterminer un cadre pour l’éducation delphinale jusqu’à la fin de l’Ancien Régime. Elle se constitue également en modèle pour ses sujets en diffusant des outils pédagogiques et des ouvrages pour les éducations suivantes.
“Is It in My Head?”: The Pleasure and Pain of Listening to the Who, 1964-1973
Authors: Harison Casey 
Published: July 2014

The Who were a successful English rock and roll band known for their popular songs and albums in the 1960s and 1970s, as well as for a very loud and raw performing style. Indeed from the start of their career in 1964, the Who turned up the volume to a painfully high level and used guitar feedback in their live act, which also included the on-stage destruction of musical instruments. If the Who had done nothing else, they would have secured a place in rock and roll history for playing loud music and for smashing guitars and drums. This article examines the curious appeal of the Who’s loud, startling style for an early generation of rock music fans. It introduces the Who and suggests how their brand of music could find enthusiastic audiences among local fans in 1964-1965, and then across the Atlantic through the early 1970s.
Scavenger Receptor Function of Mouse Fcγ Receptor III Contributes to Progression of Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Hyperlipidemic Mice
Authors: Zhu Xinmei , Ng Hang Pong , Lai Yen-Chun , Craigo Jodi K. , Nagilla Pruthvi S. , Raghani Pooja , Nagarajan Shanmugam 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Recent studies showed loss of CD36 or scavenger receptor-AI/II (SR-A) does not ameliorate atherosclerosis in a hyperlipidemic mouse model, suggesting receptors other than CD36 and SR-A may also contribute to atherosclerosis. In this report, we show that apolipoprotein E (apoE)-CD16 double knockout (DKO; apoE-CD16 DKO) mice have reduced atherosclerotic lesions compared with apoE knockout mice. In vivo and in vitro foam cell analyses showed apoE-CD16 DKO macrophages accumulated less neutral lipids. Reduced foam cell formation in apoE-CD16 DKO mice is not due to change in expression of CD36, SR-A, and LOX-1. This led to a hypothesis that CD16 may have scavenger receptor activity. We presented evidence that a soluble form of recombinant mouse CD16 (sCD16) bound to malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDALDL), and this binding is blocked by molar excess of MDA- modified BSA and anti-MDA mAbs, suggesting CD16 specifically recognizes MDA epitopes. Interestingly, sCD16 inhibited MDALDL binding to macrophage cell line, as well as soluble forms of recombinant mouse CD36, SR-A, and LOX-1, indicating CD16 can cross-block MDALDL binding to other scavenger receptors. Anti-CD16 mAb inhibited immune complex binding to sCD16, whereas it partially inhibited MDALDL binding to sCD16, suggesting MDALDL binding site may be in close proximity to the immune complex binding site in CD16. Loss of CD16 expression resulted in reduced levels of MDALDL-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression. Finally, CD16-deficient macrophages showed reduced MDALDL-induced Syk phosphorylation. Collectively, our findings suggest scavenger receptor activity of CD16 may, in part, contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis.
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Neutrophils and Endothelium Contributes to Ischemic Brain Injury in Mice
Authors: Garcia-Bonilla Lidia , Moore Jamie M. , Racchumi Gianfranco , Zhou Ping , Butler Jason M. , Iadecola Costantino , Anrather Josef 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
NO produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) contributes to ischemic brain injury, but the cell types expressing iNOS and mediating tissue damage have not been elucidated. To examine the relative contribution of iNOS in resident brain cells and peripheral leukocytes infiltrating the ischemic brain, we used bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice in which the middle cerebral artery was occluded and infarct volume was determined 3 d later. iNOS−/− mice engrafted with iNOS+/+ BM exhibited larger infarcts (44 ± 2 mm3; n = 13; mean ± SE) compared with autologous transplanted iNOS−/− mice (24 ± 3 mm3; n = 10; p &lt; 0.01), implicating blood-borne leukocytes in the damage. Furthermore, iNOS+/+ mice transplanted with iNOS−/− BM had large infarcts (39 ± 6 mm3; n = 13), similar to those of autologous transplanted iNOS+/+ mice (39 ± 4 mm3; n = 14), indicating the resident brain cells also play a role. Flow cytometry and cell sorting revealed that iNOS is highly expressed in neutrophils and endothelium but not microglia. Surprisingly, postischemic iNOS expression was enhanced in the endothelium of iNOS+/+ mice transplanted with iNOS−/− BM and in leukocytes of iNOS−/− mice with iNOS+/+ BM, suggesting that endothelial iNOS suppresses iNOS expression in leukocytes and vice versa. To provide independent evidence that neutrophils mediate brain injury, neutrophils were isolated and transferred to mice 24 h after stroke. Consistent with the result in chimeric mice, transfer of iNOS+/+, but not iNOS−/−, neutrophils into iNOS−/− mice increased infarct volume. The findings establish that iNOS in both neutrophils and endothelium mediates tissue damage and identify these cell types as putative therapeutic targets for stroke injury.
Back into the Fold: The Influence of Offender Amends and Victim Forgiveness on Peer Reintegration
Authors: Gromet Dena M. , Okimoto Tyler G. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT:After a transgression has occurred within an organization, a primary concern is the reintegration of the affected parties (namely offenders and victims) back into the organizational community. However, beyond offenders and victims, reintegration depends on the views of organizational peers and their desire to interact with these parties. In two studies, we demonstrated that offender amends and victim forgiveness interact to predict peer reintegrative outcomes. We found evidence of backlash against unforgiving victims: Peers wanted to work the least with victims who rejected appropriate amends, thus penalizing them for their failure to contribute to the restoration process. This backlash effect was due to decreased liking of the victim and the perceived failure to repair the offender-victim relationship. These findings demonstrate that peers expect both offenders and victims to do their part to achieve reconciliation following transgression, and both may suffer the consequences of failing to meet peer expectations. Implications for reintegration within organizations are discussed.
Capillary Force Seeding of Hydrogels for Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Delivery in Wounds
Authors: Garg Ravi K. , Rennert Robert C. , Duscher Dominik , Sorkin Michael , Kosaraju Revanth , Auerbach Lauren J. , Lennon James , Chung Michael T. , Paik Kevin , Nimpf Johannes , Rajadas Jayakumar , Longaker Michael T. , Gurtner Geoffrey C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEffective skin regeneration therapies require a successful interface between progenitor cells and biocompatible delivery systems. We previously demonstrated the efficiency of a biomimetic pullulan-collagen hydrogel scaffold for improving bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell survival within ischemic skin wounds by creating a “stem cell niche” that enhances regenerative cytokine secretion. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) represent an even more appealing source of stem cells because of their abundance and accessibility, and in this study we explored the utility of ASCs for hydrogel-based therapies. To optimize hydrogel cell seeding, a rapid, capillary force-based approach was developed and compared with previously established cell seeding methods. ASC viability and functionality following capillary hydrogel seeding were then analyzed in vitro and in vivo. In these experiments, ASCs were seeded more efficiently by capillary force than by traditional methods and remained viable and functional in this niche for up to 14 days. Additionally, hydrogel seeding of ASCs resulted in the enhanced expression of multiple stemness and angiogenesis-related genes, including Oct4, Vegf, Mcp-1, and Sdf-1. Moving in vivo, hydrogel delivery improved ASC survival, and application of both murine and human ASC-seeded hydrogels to splinted murine wounds resulted in accelerated wound closure and increased vascularity when compared with control wounds treated with unseeded hydrogels. In conclusion, capillary seeding of ASCs within a pullulan-collagen hydrogel bioscaffold provides a convenient and simple way to deliver therapeutic cells to wound environments. Moreover, ASC-seeded constructs display a significant potential to accelerate wound healing that can be easily translated to a clinical setting.
A comparison of handling methods relevant to the religious slaughter of sheep
Authors: Bates LSW , Ford EA , Brown SN , Richards GJ , Hadley PJ , Wotton SB , Knowles TG 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLegislation governing non-stun slaughter of sheep in England requires that they are individually and mechanically restrained for slaughter and not moved for at least 20 s post neck cut, until unconsciousness or insensibility occurs. Complying with the need for individual handling, in what is a flock animal, has the potential to adversely affect welfare, in turn contravening the general legislative requirement to reduce any avoidable distress at slaughter. This study investigated the effects of individually loading and restraining lambs compared with the normal practice of group loading and restraint of lambs prior to slaughter when using a V-shaped restrainer. Rotating and static design loading pens were also compared to represent the range of conditions and facilities found across English abattoirs. Plasma cortisol and lactate concentrations were significantly lower in group-loaded animals and significant reductions were observed in the time duration of a range of components of handling as well as the average total time to load each lamb. Loading pen type had a less marked impact upon results, however, individual loading and restraint of lambs within a V-shaped restrainer appears particularly stressful for sheep in comparison with group loading. The loading pen type had a mixed effect although the rotating crowding pen is likely to have minimised physical exertion in lambs during loading and restraint. Based on these findings, group loading in a V-shaped restrainer, whilst complying with the 20-s standstill, is likely to be preferable in religious, non-stun slaughter of sheep.
Separation anxiety in dogs: the implications of predictability and contextual fear for behavioural treatment
Authors: Amat M , Camps T , Le Brech S , Manteca X 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSeparation anxiety (SA) is one of the most common canine behaviour problems and can have serious negative effects on dog welfare. Treatment of SA may include changing the environment around the dog, pharmacological treatment and behavioural therapy. The latter is considered the most important part of the treatment and is intended to habituate the dog to being alone and to reduce its dependence on the owner. The objective of this paper is to discuss two aspects of the treatment of SA that may be in contradiction with our current understanding of the stress response. Advice commonly given to owners of dogs with SA includes giving false departure cues to prevent the dog from anticipating the actual departure. Instead, we recommend increasing the predictability of the owner's departure by maintaining the cues that signal it. Animals suffering from anxiety disorders are likely to develop contextual fear, ie to be frightened by merely being exposed to the same location where they have experienced an aversive event. As a consequence, we suggest that whenever possible, fake departures done as part of the habituation exercises to being left are done in a place different from that where the dog is actually left alone.
Erosion dynamics following localized permafrost slope disturbances
Authors: Lamoureux Scott F. , Lafrenière Melissa J. , Favaro Elena A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSlope disturbances are key sources of sediment, and the impact and recovery of disturbance on downslope erosion is poorly understood. We measured the erosional response of varying extents of slope disturbance in small permafrost catchments for 5 years following disturbance by active layer detachments. Initial erosion rates increased with the size of disturbance, but subsequent fluxes depended on specific morphological evolution of disturbances. Varying degrees of (i) channel density within the disturbances, (ii) downstream channel connectivity, and (iii) geomorphic evolution of disturbances lead to significant differences in catchment response to disturbance. Our results indicate that new equilibrium states of sediment erosion are achieved within the most disturbed and channelized catchments and contribute to greater heterogeneity of erosion on the landscape.
Quantifying Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability dynamics observed in noctilucent clouds: 2. Modeling and interpretation of observations
Authors: Fritts David C. , Baumgarten Gerd , Wan Kam , Werne Joseph , Lund Tom 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA companion paper describes high‐resolution, ground‐based imaging of apparent Kelvin‐Helmholtz instabilities (KHI) observed in noctilucent clouds (NLCs) near the polar summer mesopause. Here we employ direct numerical simulations of KHI at Richardson numbers from Ri = 0.05 to 0.20 and relatively high Reynolds numbers to illustrate the dependence of KHI and secondary instabilities on these quantities and interpret and quantify the KHI events described by Baumgarten and Fritts (2014). We conclude that one event triggered by small‐scale gravity waves provides clear evidence of strong KHI initiated at Ri ~0.05–0.10. Events arising in a more uniform shear environment exhibit KHI and small‐scale dynamics that compare reasonably well with modeled KHI initiated at Ri ~0.20. Our application of numerical modeling in quantifying KHI dynamics observed in NLCs suggests that characteristics of KHI, and perhaps other small‐scale dynamics, that are defined well in NLC displays can be used to quantify the dynamics and spatial scales of such events with high confidence. Specifically, our comparisons of KHI observations and modeling appear to indicate a “turbulent” viscosity ~5–40 times the true kinematic viscosity at the NLC altitude. This offers an alternative, or an augmentation, to more traditional radar, lidar, and/or airglow measurements employed for such studies of small‐scale dynamics at coarser spatial scales during polar summer.
HPLC‐ELSD determination of kanamycin B in the presence of kanamycin A in fermentation broth
Authors: Zhang Yong , He Hui‐Min , Zhang Jin , Liu Feng‐Jiao , Li Chao , Wang Bing‐Wu , Qiao Ren‐Zhong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA novel method for the direct determination of kanamycin B in the presence of kanamycin A in fermentation broth using high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC‐ELSD) was developed. An Agilent Technologies C18 column was utilized, evaporation temperature of 40°C and nitrogen pressure of 3.5 bar, the optimized mobile phase was water–acetonitrile (65:35, v/v), containing 11.6 mm heptafluorobutyric acid (isocratic elution with flow rate of 0.5 mL/min) with the gain 11. Kanamycin B was eluted at 5.6 min with an asymmetry factor of 1.827. The method showed good linearity over the concentration range of 0.05 to 0.80 mg/mL for the kanamycin B (r2 = 0.9987). The intra‐day and inter‐day coefficients of variation obtained from kanamycin B were less than 4.3%. Mean recovery of kanamycin B from spiked fermentation broth was 95%. The developed method was applied to the determination of kanamycin B without any interference from other constituents in the fermentation broth. This method offers simple, rapid and quantitative detection of kanamycin B. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an Amperometric Microbial Biosensor Based on Thiobacillus thioparus Cells for Sulfide and Its Application to Detection of Sulfate‐Reducing Bacteria
Authors: Qi Peng , Zhang Dun , Wan Yi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper describes a novel electrochemical microbial biosensor based on Thiobacillus thioparus cells for sulfide detection. The morphology and electrochemical properties of the proposed biosensor were characterized by SEM and cyclic voltammetry, respectively. Working conditions of the microbial biosensor were optimized to obtain good electrochemical performances. Under the optimum conditions, analytical performances were evaluated, and the results suggested that the microbial biosensor could be used for selective detection of sulfide. The microbial biosensor was then successfully applied in detection of sulfate‐reducing bacteria by oxidizing its characteristic metabolite, sulfide, which was accumulated in culture media during bacterial growth.
Evaluation of NLDAS‐2 evapotranspiration against tower flux site observations
Authors: Xia Youlong , Hobbins Michael T. , Mu Qiaozhen , Ek Michael B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe North American Land Data Assimilation System project phase 2 (NLDAS‐2) has run four land surface models for a 30‐year (1979–2008) retrospective period. Land surface evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the most important model outputs from NLDAS‐2 for investigating land–atmosphere interaction or to monitor agricultural drought. Here, we evaluate hourly ET using in situ observations over the Southern Great Plains (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement/Cloud and Radiation Testbed network) for 1 January 1997–30 September 1999 and daily ET u‐sing in situ observations at the AmeriFlux network over the conterminous USA for an 8‐year period (2000–2007). The NLDAS‐2 models compare well against observations, with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Noah land surface model performing best, followed, in order, by the Variable Infiltration Capacity, Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting, and Mosaic models. Daily evaluation across the AmeriFlux network shows that for all models, performance depends on season and vegetation type; they do better in spring and fall than in winter or summer and better for deciduous broadleaf forest and grasslands than for croplands or evergreen needleleaf forest. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Connecting precipitation inputs and soil flow pathways to stream water in contrasting boreal catchments
Authors: Peralta‐Tapia A. , Sponseller R. A. , Tetzlaff D. , Soulsby C. , Laudon H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractStable isotopes of water are one of the most widely used tools to track the pathways of precipitation inputs to streams. In the past, soils have often been treated as black‐boxes through which precipitation is routed to streams without much consideration of how, when, and where water is transported along soil and groundwater flow paths. Here, we use time series of stable isotopes (18O) in precipitation, soil/groundwater, and stream water to evaluate how landscape structure and heterogeneity influence seasonal hydrological patterns characteristic of boreal headwater catchments. To do this, we collected water throughout a full year at three adjacent catchments draining forest, mire, and mire/lake ecosystems within the Krycklan Experimental Catchment of northern Sweden. Isotope time series from forest and mire groundwater piezometers showed spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the dominant hydrologic flow pathways connecting precipitation to stream flow at different sites. The isotopic signature of stream water suggested strong connections to the dominant landscape elements within each catchment. These connections translated into greater temporal variability in the isotopic response of streams draining lake and wetland patches, and a much more attenuated pattern in the forest‐dominated catchment. Overall, seasonal changes in the isotopic composition of streams and groundwater illustrate how differences in landscape structure result in variable hydrological patterns in the boreal landscape. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.