bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Diffraction and EXAFS Study of Palladium Tetrammine Dichromate, [Pd(NH3)4]Cr2O7
Authors: Borgna A. , Moraweck B. , Fessler P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPalladium tetrammine dichromate, [Pd(NH3)4]Cr2O7, was obtained by precipitation from [Pd(NH3)4]Cl2·H2O and (NH4)2Cr2O7. The X-ray diffraction pattern of this compound corresponds to a new phase, which was indexed in the triclinic system, but on a cell that should be considered as preliminary. From the chemical analysis and the X-ray absorption experiments at both K-edges of Pd and Cr, we conclude that the surrounding of these atoms is kept during formation.
Indexing Powder Patterns from Relative Axial Dimensions
Authors: Post Ben , McClune W. Frank 
Published: January 2013

The usefulness of an X-ray powder diffraction data base, such as the one published by the International Centre for Diffraction Data, is largely dependent on continued additions of indexed powder patterns of single-phase materials of interest to data-base users. The single-phase character of a specimen is generally established by using known values of the unit cell constants to index all its powder pattern lines.In this manuscript we describe indexing procedures based on crystal data which provide only relative values of the cell dimensions, rather than the absolute values usually considered to be essential to the indexing process. To the best of our knowledge, the use of such data for indexing powder diffraction patterns has generally been overlooked or ignored by X-ray crystallographers. We refer to the large numbers of goniometric measurements of crystals which have been published both before, and since, the discovery of X-ray diffraction. These provide useful descriptions of chemical and physical properties of crystals as well as measurements of relative dimensions of unit cell axes. The latter are presented in the form of a/b, b/b and c/b, together with the interaxial angle or angles, if the cell is nonorthogonal.
XPAS: An Interactive Computer Program for Analysis of X-Ray Powder Diffraction Patterns
Authors: Singh Balbir , Gilkes R.J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAn interactive computer program to display, process and analyze raw powder X-ray diffraction data is described. The program extensively employs graphic means of input and output with the help of “pop-up” windows and menus. In addition to those tasks that are common to most primary raw data analyzing programs, it performs many functions which are generally assigned to separate secondary programs. These functions include on-screen correction of d-spacing with reference to a standard compound, calculation of peak width and crystallite size, subtraction of patterns for differential X-ray diffraction and unrestricted overlay of patterns. The advantages of an integrated single program to process X-ray diffraction data in mineral research are illustrated and discussed.
X-Ray Powder Data for Ca4Al6O12SO4
Authors: Krstanović I. , Radaković A. , Karanović Lj. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAn indexed X-ray powder diffraction pattern is reported for Ca4A6O12SO4, prepared by solid state reaction. The compound crystallizes in the tetragonal system with a = 13.031(3) and c = 9.164(2) Å, V = 1556.1 (8) Å3, Z = 4.
Intensity Round Robin Report
Authors: Jenkins Ron , Schreiner Walter N. 
Published: January 2013

The intensity round-robin is one of a series of round-robins sponsored by the International Centre for Diffraction Data. The purpose of these round-robins is to attempt to quantify problems encountered in the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of powder diffraction data. Previous International Centre sponsored round-robins have addressed topics including: manual and automated search match methods; sample preparation methods; d-spacing accuracy; cell parameter refinement and peak profile calibration.The primary focus of the intensity round-robin was to study measured intensities obtained from modern computer controlled powder diffractometers. However, the tests were designed in such a way as to also yield information on the performance of data treatment software packages. To this end, participants were asked to submit both raw and treated data, thus allowing evaluation of, for example, the efficiency of peak hunting algorithms in finding peaks.
Crystal and X-Ray Powder Data for Three Orthovanadates M Th2 (VO4)3 (M = K, Rb, Cs)
Authors: Elfakir A. , Souron J.P. , Quartern M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThree isotopic orthovanadates MTh2 (VO4)3 with M = K, Rb, Cs have been syndiesized by solid state reaction. Single crystals of K Th2 (VO4)3 and Rb Th2 (VO4)3 were obtained. These compounds are isotypic with the corresponding orthophosphates: monoclinic, space group C2/c, Z = 4. Unit-cell parameters for die diree compounds were determined. Powder diffraction data for each phase are reported.
Crystallographic and X-Ray Powder Data for Ca8ZnSi4O16Cl2, a New Compound in The System CaO-ZnO-SiO2-CaCl2
Authors: Bolin Wu , Wei Shang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe synthesis, thermal behavior, crystallographic and X-ray powder diffraction data, and infrared spectral data for Ca8ZnSi4O16Cl2 have been determined. This compound is cubic with isolated silicate tetrahedra.
Short- and full-season soybean in stale seedbeds versus rolled-crimped winter rye mulch
Authors: Forcella Frank 
Published: January 2013

AbstractStale seedbeds are used by organic growers to reduce weed populations prior to crop planting. Rye mulches, derived from mechanically killed (rolled and crimped) winter rye cover crops, can serve the same purpose for spring-planted organic crops. Both methods can also be employed by conventional growers who face looming problems with herbicide resistant weeds. The objective of this research was to compare these methods over 2 years in central Minnesota in terms of weed seedling emergence, populations, biomass and manual-weeding times, as well as stands and yields of short-season and full-season soybean varieties planted late, in mid June. Rye mulch greatly lowered both pre- and post-planting weed populations of common annual weeds, which substantially affected necessity for augmented weed control. For instance, the need for within-crop manual-weeding was low for soybean planted into rye mulch (0–6 h ha−1), but ranged from 15 to 66 h ha−1of labor for soybean planted in stale seedbeds and augmented by inter-row cultivation. However, rye mulch lowered soybean yield potential by 800–1000 kg ha−1compared with stale seedbeds in 1 of 2 years. With organic feed-grade soybean seed valued at $1 kg−1, conventional soybean seed at $0.5 kg−1, and labor for manual-weeding at $10 h−1, the use of rye mulch compared with stale seedbeds augmented by manual-weeding are equally rational choices for organic growers in central Minnesota (assuming labor is available for hand-weeding), but rye mulches probably would be a wise financial option for conventional growers compared with hand-weeding. Lastly, full-season soybean had higher yields than short-season soybean and probably represents a prudent selection in central Minnesota, regardless of the late planting date requirements for both the rye mulch and stale seedbed systems.
Controlled variations in stimulus similarity during learning determine visual discrimination capacity in freely moving mice
Authors: Treviño Mario , Oviedo Tatiana , Jendritza Patrick , Li Shi-Bin , Köhr Georg , De Marco Rodrigo J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe mouse is receiving growing interest as a model organism for studying visual perception. However, little is known about how discrimination and learning interact to produce visual conditioned responses. Here, we adapted a two-alternative forced-choice visual discrimination task for mice and examined how training with equiprobable stimuli of varying similarity influenced conditioned response and discrimination performance as a function of learning. Our results indicate that the slope of the gradients in similarity during training determined the learning rate, the maximum performance and the threshold for successful discrimination. Moreover, the learning process obeyed an inverse relationship between discrimination performance and discriminative resolution, implying that sensitivity within a similarity range cannot be improved without sacrificing performance in another. Our study demonstrates how the interplay between discrimination and learning controls visual discrimination capacity and introduces a new training protocol with quantitative measures to study perceptual learning and visually-guided behavior in freely moving mice.
Predictors of Hearing Aid Use Time in Children With Mild-to-Severe Hearing Loss
Authors: Walker Elizabeth A. , Spratford Meredith , Moeller Mary Pat , Oleson Jacob , Ou Hua , Roush Patricia , Jacobs Shana 
Published: January 2013

Purpose
This study investigated predictors of hearing aid (HA) use time for children with mild-to-severe hearing loss (HL). Barriers to consistent HA use and reliability of parent report measures were also examined.

Method
Participants included parents of 272 children with HL. Parents estimated the amount of time the child used HAs daily. Regression analysis examined the relationships among independent variables and HA use time. To determine parental accuracy of HA use time, datalogging from the HAs was compared to the parents' estimates.

Results
Longer HA use related to older age, poorer hearing, and higher maternal education. Parental consistency ratings revealed similar findings—younger children and children with milder HL wore HAs less consistently than older children and children with more severe HL. Parents' estimates and datalogging were significantly correlated; however, results suggested that parents overestimate the amount of time their children wear their HAs.

Conclusion
Certain variables were significantly related to the amount of time children wore their HAs. Consistency rating scales provided insight into circumstances that were challenging for families. Use of both parent reports and datalogging may allow clinicians and researchers to obtain a general estimate of HA use time.
SIBER: systematic identification of bimodally expressed genes using RNAseq data
Authors: Tong Pan , Chen Yong , Su Xiao , Coombes Kevin R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMotivation: Identification of bimodally expressed genes is an important task, as genes with bimodal expression play important roles in cell differentiation, signalling and disease progression. Several useful algorithms have been developed to identify bimodal genes from microarray data. Currently, no method can deal with data from next-generation sequencing, which is emerging as a replacement technology for microarrays.Results: We present SIBER (systematic identification of bimodally expressed genes using RNAseq data) for effectively identifying bimodally expressed genes from next-generation RNAseq data. We evaluate several candidate methods for modelling RNAseq count data and compare their performance in identifying bimodal genes through both simulation and real data analysis. We show that the lognormal mixture model performs best in terms of power and robustness under various scenarios. We also compare our method with alternative approaches, including profile analysis using clustering and kurtosis (PACK) and cancer outlier profile analysis (COPA). Our method is robust, powerful, invariant to shifting and scaling, has no blind spots and has a sample-size-free interpretation.Availability: The R package SIBER is available at the website http://bioinformatics.mdanderson.org/main/OOMPA:Overview.Contact: kcoombes@mdanderson.orgSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Elizabeth I’s Former Tutor Reports on the Parliament of 1559: Johannes Spithovius to the Chancellor of Denmark, 27 February 1559
Authors: Adams Simon , Gehring David Scott 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The fragmentary nature of the evidence for the proceedings of the Parliament of 1559 is one of the more obvious reasons for the continuing debate over the Elizabethan religious settlement. Philip II’s representative, the count of Feria, whose reports have been in print for more than a century, has been the primary diplomatic source.1 As a consequence of the war with France, there was no French diplomatic representation at the English court. However, in February 1559 three further envoys arrived on relatively brief missions. George, count of Helfenstein, the Emperor Ferdinand I’s ambassador in Brussels, was commissioned to greet Elizabeth I on her accession, but also to assess her intentions over religion and marriage. He has left a reasonably well-known series of reports.2 The other two envoys are more or less unknown, but both were Lutherans. One was Ludovico Vergerio, nephew of Pier Paulo Vergerio, spiritual advisor to Christopher, duke of Württemberg.3 The last envoy was sent by Dorothea, the recently widowed queen of Denmark.4 His sole surviving report is the only known commentary on the situation in England in February 1559 by a foreign Protestant observer. But he was not a stranger; he had previously been one of Elizabeth’s tutors.
Baseline and serial measurements of galectin‐3 in patients with heart failure: relationship to prognosis and effect of treatment with valsartan in the Val‐HeFT
Authors: Anand Inder S. , Rector Thomas S. , Kuskowski Michael , Adourian Aram , Muntendam Pieter , Cohn Jay N. 
Published: January 2013

AimsThis study was conducted to determine whether galectin‐3, a β‐galactoside‐binding lectin, plays a role in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsGalectin‐3 was measured at baseline (n = 1650), after 4 months (n = 1346), and after 12 months (n = 1097) in the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val‐HeFT). Galectin‐3 levels at baseline ranged from 4.8 to 53 ng/mL. Higher levels were associated with features of worse HF. In a fully adjusted Cox regression model comprising 23 other prognostic variables, baseline galectin‐3 was not associated with the risks of all‐cause mortality, the composite of the first morbid event, or hospitalization for HF. However, when changes in galectin‐3 over time were examined, the increases in galectin‐3 between baseline and 4 months were independently and significantly associated with the risks of subsequent all‐cause mortality, first morbid event, and hospitalizations for HF, even after adjusting for all baseline and concurrent changes in all variables including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and NT‐proBNP. The strongest correlate of galectin‐3 levels was eGFR, which accounted for 20% of the variability in galectin‐3 levels at baseline. There was a significant interaction (P = 0.03) between baseline galectin‐3 and the effect of valsartan on hospitalizations for HF. Valsartan caused a significant 44% reduction in hospitalizations for HF in patients with galectin‐3 levels below the median level of 16.2 ng/mL, but not in patients with levels above the median.ConclusionsGalectin‐3 levels are elevated in a substantial proportion of patients with HF, particularly those with more severe HF and renal dysfunction. Galectin‐3 increased over time in this cohort, and the increase was independently associated with worse outcomes. Valsartan use was associated with a reduction in hospitalizations for HF in patients with low galectin‐3, but not in those with higher levels of galectin‐3.
Double dose vs. standard dose influenza vaccination in patients with heart failure: a pilot study
Authors: Van Ermen Amy , Hermanson Matthew P. , Moran John M. , Sweitzer Nancy K. , Johnson Maryl R. , Vardeny Orly 
Published: January 2013

AimsInfluenza infection leads to increased morbidity and mortality in those with heart failure, and individuals with heart failure exhibit reduced antibody responses to influenza vaccine. We hypothesized that patients with heart failure randomized to double dose (DD) influenza vaccine will mount more vigorous humoral immune responses compared with those given standard dose (SD) vaccine.Methods and resultsWe randomized 28 heart failure patients to DD (30 μg/strain) or SD (15 μg/strain) influenza vaccine. We assessed antibody production by haemagglutination inhibition assay (reported as log haemagglutination units) prior to, at 2–4 weeks and at 4–6 months following vaccination. Baseline antibody titres between DD (n = 12, mean age 64 ± 10 years) and SD (n = 16, mean age 63 ± 9 years) did not differ significantly. At 2–4 weeks, DD haemagglutination unit changes were significantly higher than those of SD (3.3 vs. 1.6 for A/H3N2, P < 0.001; 1.9 and 1.1 for A/H1N1, P = 0.009; and 1.7 and 1 for B‐type, P = 0.02). At 4–6 weeks, there were no differences in titres in any of the virus types between treatment groups and, although titres decreased, levels remained above the seroprotective threshold.ConclusionsHigher influenza vaccine doses may elicit increased antibody‐mediated responses in patients with heart failure; further studies should assess whether clinical outcomes are improved with this strategy.
Phenotype and function of B cells and dendritic cells from interferon regulatory factor 5-deficient mice with and without a mutation in DOCK2
Authors: Yasuda Kei , Nündel Kerstin , Watkins Amanda A. , Dhawan Tania , Bonegio Ramon G. , Ubellacker Jessalyn M. , Marshak-Rothstein Ann , Rifkin Ian R. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 5-deficient (IRF5−/−) mice have been used for many studies of IRF5 biology. A recent report identifies a mutation in dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) as being responsible for the abnormal B-cell development phenotype observed in the IRF5−/− line. Both dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) and IRF5 play important roles in immune cell function, raising the issue of whether immune effects previously associated with IRF5 are due to IRF5 or DOCK2. Here, we defined the insertion end-point of the DOCK2 mutation and designed a novel PCR to detect the mutation in genomic DNA. We confirmed the association of the DOCK2 mutation and the abnormal B-cell phenotype in our IRF5−/− line and also established another IRF5−/− line without the DOCK2 mutation. These two lines were used to compare the role of IRF5 in dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells in the presence or absence of the DOCK2 mutation. IRF5 deficiency reduces IFN-α, IFN-β and IL-6 production by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)- and TLR7-stimulated DCs and reduces TLR7- and TLR9-induced IL-6 production by B cells to a similar extent in the two lines. Importantly however, IRF5−/− mice with the DOCK2 mutation have higher serum levels of IgG1 and lower levels of IgG2b, IgG2a/c and IgG3 than IRF5−/− mice without the DOCK2 mutation, suggesting that the DOCK2 mutation confers additional Th2-type effects. Overall, these studies help clarify the function of IRF5 in B cells and DCs in the absence of the DOCK2 mutation. In addition, the PCR described will be useful for other investigators using the IRF5−/− mouse line.
Glycodendrimers prevent HIV transmission via DC-SIGN on dendritic cells
Authors: Garcia-Vallejo Juan J. , Koning Nathalie , Ambrosini Martino , Kalay Hakan , Vuist Ilona , Sarrami-Forooshani Ramin , Geijtenbeek Teunis B. H. , van Kooyk Yvette 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells efficient in capturing pathogens, and processing their antigenic determinants for presentation to antigen-specific T cells to induce robust immune responses. Their location at peripheral tissues and the expression of pattern-recognition receptors, among them DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), facilitates the capture of pathogens before spreading. However, some pathogens have developed strategies to escape the immune system. One of the most successful is HIV-1, which targets DC-SIGN for transport to the lymph node where the virus infects CD4 + T cells. Contact of HIV-1 with DC-SIGN is thus the first event in the pathogenic cascade and, therefore, it is the primary target point for therapies aimed at HIV infection prevention. DC-SIGN recognizes specific glycans on HIV-1 and this interaction can be blocked by competitive inhibition through glycans. Although the affinity of glycans is relatively low, multivalency may increase avidity and the strength to compete with HIV-1 virions. We have designed multivalent dendrimeric compounds based on Lewis-type antigens that bind DC-SIGN with high selectivity and avidity and that effectively block gp120 binding to DC-SIGN and, consequently, HIV transmission to CD4 + T cells. Binding to DC-SIGN and gp120 inhibition was higher on glycodendrimers with larger molecular diameter, indicating that the geometry of the compounds is an important factor determining their functionality. Our compounds elicited DC-SIGN internalization, a property of the receptor upon triggering, but did not affect the maturation status of DCs. Thus, Le X glycodendrimers could be incorporated into topic prophylactic approaches for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission.
How do healthcare professionals select the medical images they need?
Authors: Sedghi Shahram , Sanderson Mark , Clough Paul 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how healthcare professionals search for and select the medical images they need within medical settings.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 29 healthcare professionals participated in the study. Using a think‐aloud technique and face‐to‐face interviews, the authors asked participants to explain how they looked for medical images and how they judged the relevancy of retrieved images.FindingsA total of 15 criteria were applied by participants when determining the relevance of medical images in relation to their information needs. Topicality was found to be the primary and most important criterion used by participants.Originality/valueThis study compares the relevance criteria used for medical images with those identified in the literature and highlights six additional criteria that have not been suggested in previous work.
Setting goals for change in the information age
Authors: Yi Zhixian 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine how academic library directors set goals for change in the information age and the factors influencing the approaches used.Design/methodology/approachBolman and Deal's reframing change model provided the foundation for this research. An online survey was sent to 1,010 academic library directors in the USA. The response rate was 59 percent. The qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The collected quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using descriptive (frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations) and inferential statistics (binary and multinomial logistic regressions).FindingsMost directors used multiple approaches to set goals for change. The structural and human resource approaches were the most frequent single approaches. Regression analysis confirmed that demographics, human capital, and library variables played significant roles in setting goals for change.Research limitations/implicationsData in this study were collected from directors in libraries of doctoral granting, master‐granting, and baccalaureate‐only colleges and universities. Accordingly, the results of the study might not be generalized to college and university libraries outside this classification.Practical implicationsThis paper provides a useful overview of the approaches used to set goals for change and the factors influencing the approaches used.Originality/valueDirectors may use the results to reflect on different options of the strategies for setting goals for change in the information age and balance the weight of the factors' influences. The results may also help librarians better understand various approaches to setting goals for change in the information age.