bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Synthesis of Photo‐Responsive, Self‐Healing Silicone Elastomers with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability
Authors: Wang Chen , Qiao Lili , Li Sai , Duan Pengwei , Fu Xuewei , Duan Yatong , Cheng Hong‐Bo , Liu Jun , Zhang Liqun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhoto‐responsive materials have garnered significant interest for their ability to react to non‐contact stimuli, though achieving self‐healing under gentle conditions remains an elusive goal. In this research, an innovative and straightforward approach for synthesizing silicone elastomers is proposed that not only self‐heal at room temperature but also possess unique photochromic properties and adjustable mechanical strength, along with being both transparent and reprocessable. Initially, aldehyde‐bifunctional dithiophene‐ethylene molecules with dialdehyde groups (DTEM) and isocyanurate (IPDI) is introduced into the aminopropyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (H2N‐PDMS‐NH2) matrix. Subsequently, palladium is incorporated to enhance coordination within the matrix. These silicone elastomers transition to a blue state under 254 nm UV light and revert to transparency under 580 nm light. Remarkably, they demonstrate excellent thermal stability at temperatures up to 100 °C and show superior fatigue resistance. The optical switching capabilities of the silicone elastomers significantly affect both their mechanical characteristics and self‐healing abilities. Notably, the PDMS‐DTEM‐IPDI‐@Pd silicone elastomer, featuring closed‐loop photo‐switching molecules, exhibits a fracture toughness that is 1.3 times greater and a room temperature self‐healing efficiency 1.4 times higher than its open‐loop counterparts. This novel photo‐responsive silicone elastomer offers promising potential for applications in data writing and erasure, UV protective coatings, and micro‐trace development.
Using a Flexible Fountain Pen to Directly Write Organic Semiconductor Patterns with Crystallization Regulated by the Precursor Film
Authors: Liu Bingyang , Wang Jialin , Zhang Guoxin , Du Gengxin , Xia Huihui , Deng Weiwei , Zhao Xinyan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOrganic semiconductor (OSC) films fabricated by meniscus‐guided coating (MGC) methods are suitable for cost‐effective and flexible electronics. However, achieving crystalline thin films by MGC methods is still challenging because the nucleation and crystal growth processes are influenced by the intertwined interactions among solvent evaporation, stochastic nucleation, and the fluid flow instabilities. Herein, a novel flexible fountain pen with active ink supply is designed and used to print OSCs. This direct‐write method allows the flexible pen tip to contact the substrate, maintaining a robust meniscus by eliminating the gap found in conventional MGCs. An in situ optical microscopy observation system shows that the precursor film plays a critical role on the crystallization and the formation of coffee rings and dendrites. The computational fluid dynamics simulations demonstrate that the microstructure of the pen promotes extensional flows, facilitating mass transport and crystal alignment. Highly‐aligned ribbon‐shaped crystals of a small organic molecule (TIPS‐pentacene), as well as a semiconducting polymer (N2200) with highly‐ordered orientations, have been successfully printed by the flexible fountain pen. Organic field‐effect transistors based on the flexible pen printed OSCs exhibit high performances and strong anisotropic mobility. In addition, the flexible fountain pen is expandable for printing multiple lines or large‐area films.
International graduate students: Unique stories and missing voices in higher education
Authors: Bodine Al‐Sharif Mary Ann , Koo Katie , Bista Krishna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmid the globalized environment of higher education, international graduate students remain vital contributors to U.S. institutions as they contribute billions of dollars to the U.S. economy annually, drive innovation, and play a significant role in diversifying and globalizing U.S. institutions. Open Doors reported that international students constituted 4.7% of the U.S. higher education demographic in the 2021/2022 academic year and 40.6% of international students are enrolled in graduate degree programs. Despite such significant representation, research predominantly concentrates on undergraduate international students, often overlooking the graduate segment. This article seeks to amplify the voices of international graduate students, detailing their distinctive challenges and successes in the U.S. academic landscape. Addressing areas such as academic support, socioemotional well‐being, and professional development, the project underscores the critical roles these students play, both academically and in the U.S. workforce. By shedding light on the nuanced experiences of this cohort, we advocate for more informed, culturally sensitive approaches to supporting international graduate students.
Funktionale Beschichtung von Batteriepulvern
Authors: Höhn Mandy , Beaupain Jean Philippe , Siebecke Eleonore , Krug Mario , Höhn Sören 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungZwei Beschichtungsverfahren, zum einen die Atomlagenabscheidung (ALD) und zum anderen die nasschemische Sprühtrocknung, wurden ausgewählt, um Aktivmaterialien mit Schutzschichten zu versehen. Es wurden sowohl im ALD‐Prozess als auch in der Sprühtrocknung verschiedene Schichtmaterialien hinsichtlich Zusammensetzung und Schichtdicke herge‐stellt und bezüglich ihrer elektroche‐mischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Dabei zeigen sich positive Effekte im Ratentest und im Langzeittest von sehr dünner Al2O3 ALD‐Schichten auf LNMO. Für die mit nur 1 nm beschichtete LNMO‐Probe zeigt sich, dass der Verlust im Vergleich zur unbeschichteten Probe gering ist. Dagegen zeigen 5 nm Al2O3 bereits eine erhebliche Isolierung des Materials. Die Sprühtrocknungsversuche zur Beschichtung von NMC811 mit Li2O·WO3 zeigen nach der Kalzinierung eine Anlagerung von Wolfram an der Pulveroberfläche und entlang der Korngrenzen. Die elektrochemische Ratenfähigkeit und Zyklenstabilität des Aktivmaterials wird durch die Beschichtung mit 0,5 mol% Li2O·WO3 signifikant verbessert. Eine Skalierung der Beschichtungsprozesse ALD und Sprühtrocknung in einen technischen Maßstab wird als möglich erachtet.
Tribological behavior of TiAlCrSiN coated cutting tools
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Kalscheuer Christian , Tayyab Muhammad 
Published: July 2024

SummaryTiAlCrSiN nanocomposite tool coatings offer a potential solution for challenging cutting processes. Here, tribological behavior of the coated tool against workpiece material is paramount to improving the tool wear resistance. Hence, current study focuses on effect of TiAlCrSiN‐based tool coatings on friction behavior and chip formation under challenging cutting conditions. The investigated variants included cemented carbide cutting inserts with monolayer TiAlCrSiN, multilayer TiAl‐CrSiN/TiAlCrSiON and uncoated inserts. The tribological behavior of tools was analyzed during linear planing of highspeed steel PM HS6‐5‐3C with cutting speed vc = 110 m/min, width of cut b = 2 mm and uncut chip thicknesses h = 0.04 mm and h = 0.1 mm. Process forces and chip formation over cutting length L = 100 mm were recorded using dynamometer and high‐speed camera, respectively. The coated inserts showed a reduction in process forces and calculated apparent coefficient of friction. Among coated variants, multilayer coating resulted in lower process forces and apparent coefficient of friction at uncut chip thicknesses h = 0.04 mm. At h = 0.1 mm, both coated variants had a comparable performance. The adhesion of HS6‐5‐3C on tool was identified as one of the main contributing factors to the observed tribological behavior. Here, multilayer TiAlCrSiN/TiAlCrSiON showed promising potential to reduce workpiece material adhesion on tool surface and resultantly improve tribo‐logical behavior of the tool.
Ruptured jejunal diverticulum in a 7‐month‐old domestic shorthair cat
Authors: Stark Eden D. , Adams Tippy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 7‐month‐old, female, entire, domestic shorthair presented for acute onset vomiting and anorexia for 24 hours. Radiographs were concerning for mineralised foreign body and peritonitis due to decreased serosal detail and mineral opacities not associated with the lumen of the intestines. An abdominal ultrasound confirmed the presence of a mass or foreign body with a scant amount of fluid in the caudal abdomen. A celiotomy was performed revealing a 3 cm diameter mass at the antimesenteric border of the jejunum with adhered omentum to the jejunal wall. Resection and anastomosis were performed, and the cat recovered uneventfully. The mass was found to be a ruptured jejunal diverticulum. To date, there are few congenital diverticula reported in cats, and to the authors’ knowledge, no previous reports of ruptured diverticula in cats.
The role of sea hares as significant algal herbivores on the Southern Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Crofts Rory , Little Maxine , Ward Selina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSea hares are cryptic, herbivorous sea slugs present on many coral reefs worldwide. Although they are known to consume high quantities of macroalgae, they are rarely considered or quantified in assessing algal suppression. Their role as algal suppressors is not well understood, therefore this study sought to quantify sea hare herbivory on the abundant red algal genus Laurencia. The sea hares Aplysia dactylomela, Dolabella auricularia and Dolabella sp. were collected and used in herbivory trials in aquaria at Heron Island on the Southern Great Barrier Reef to quantify their rate of consumption. A. dactylomela consumed 76.9 g partially dried weight of Laurencia per 24-h, which was significantly more than the other species, with D. auricularia consuming an average of 22.5 g and Dolabella sp. consuming 37.4 g partially dried weight. Consumption of Laurencia by A. dactylomela increased with body size, with the exception of the smallest animals, which ate up to 12.5 times their body weight. D. auricularia consumed significantly more algae than was lost in control tanks. Although we observed Dolabella sp. feeding on Laurencia, the amount consumed was not significantly different to loss of algae in control tanks. The rate of herbivory on Laurencia by A. dactylomela is comparable or greater than that of more commonly studied reef herbivores such as fishes and urchins, which suggests that they may contribute to algal suppression on coral reefs and further studies are warranted to evaluate their possible role in coral-algal phase shift dynamics.
Pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes of low-dose nivolumab relative to conventional dose in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Gandhi Khushboo A. , Shirsat Aditi , HJ Sharat Kumar , Chavan Ashish , Dicholkar Parnika , Shah Saniya , Menon Nandini , Noronha Vanita , Joshi Amit , Prabhash Kumar , Patil Vijay , Gota Vikram 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Nivolumab is approved at various doses, including 3 mg/kg, 240 mg and 480 mg flat doses at various dosing intervals. The concept of low-dose immunotherapy is gaining traction in recent years. However, there is a need to better understand the pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes at lower doses.

Methods
Patients were either administered 40 mg flat dose or 3 mg/kg Q2W/Q3W, depending on affordability as per prevailing hospital practice. All patients were hospitalized on day 1 and pharmacokinetic samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 6.0, 24.0, 72.0 h and day 14 following administration of the first dose of nivolumab. Plasma nivolumab levels were measured by ELISA. Patients were followed up for response and toxicity.

Results
Twenty five patients were included in the study. Fourteen received nivolumab at conventional dose (3 mg/kg), while 11 patients received low-dose (40 mg flat). The geometric means of dose normalized Cmax and AUC0-t were comparable between those who received conventional dose and low-dose of nivolumab (0.28 versus 0.23 µg/mL/mg and 0.0014 versus 0.0011 d/mL respectively). Nineteen patients were evaluable for response. ORR among patients who received conventional dose was 5/11 (45.5%) whereas it was 4/9 (44.4%) in the low-dose cohort. All 14 (100%) patients in conventional dosing group and 7/11 patients (63.64%) in low-dose group had treatment emergent adverse events. Grade ≥ 3 toxicities were observed in 4/14 patients in conventional dose group and none in low-dose group.

Conclusion
Low-dose nivolumab leads to lower exposure in patients as compared with conventional dose, but low-dose was better tolerated, while response rates were comparable to conventional dose.
Metabolic Regulation in the Induction of Trained Immunity
Authors: Ferreira Anaisa V. , Domínguez-Andrés Jorge , Merlo Pich Laura M. , Joosten Leo A. B. , Netea Mihai G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe innate immune system exhibits features of memory, termed trained immunity, which promote faster and more robust responsiveness to heterologous challenges. Innate immune memory is sustained through epigenetic modifications, affecting gene accessibility, and promoting a tailored gene transcription for an enhanced immune response. Alterations in the epigenetic landscape are intertwined with metabolic rewiring. Here, we review the metabolic pathways that underscore the induction and maintenance of trained immunity, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and amino acid and lipid metabolism. The intricate interplay of these pathways is pivotal for establishing innate immune memory in distinct cellular compartments. We explore in particular the case of resident lung alveolar macrophages. We propose that leveraging the memory of the innate immune system may present therapeutic potential. Specifically, targeting the metabolic programs of innate immune cells is an emerging strategy for clinical interventions, either to boost immune responses in immunosuppressed conditions or to mitigate maladaptive activation in hyperinflammatory diseases.
Arctic Sea Ice Variations in the First Half of the 20th Century: A New Reconstruction Based on Hydrometeorological Data
Authors: Semenov Vladimir A. , Aldonina Tatiana A. , Li Fei , Keenlyside Noel Sebastian , Wang Lin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe shrinking Arctic sea-ice area (SIA) in recent decades is a striking manifestation of the ongoing climate change. Variations of the Arctic sea ice have been continuously observed by satellites since 1979, relatively well monitored since the 1950s, but are highly uncertain in the earlier period due to a lack of observations. Several reconstructions of the historical gridded sea-ice concentration (SIC) data were recently presented based on synthesized regional sea-ice observations or by applying a hybrid model–empirical approach. Here, we present an SIC reconstruction for the period 1901–2019 based on established co-variability between SIC and surface air temperature, sea surface temperature, and sea level pressure patterns. The reconstructed sea-ice data for March and September are compared to the frequently used HadISST1.1 and SIBT1850 datasets. Our reconstruction shows a large decrease in SIA from the 1920 to 1940 concurrent with the Early 20th Century Warming event in the Arctic. Such a negative SIA anomaly is absent in HadISST1.1 data. The amplitude of the SIA anomaly reaches about 0.8 mln km2 in March and 1.5 mln km2 in September. The anomaly is about three times stronger than that in the SIBT1850 dataset. The larger decrease in SIA in September is largely due to the stronger SIC reduction in the western sector of the Arctic Ocean in the 70°–80°N latitudinal zone. Our reconstruction provides gridded monthly data that can be used as boundary conditions for atmospheric reanalyses and model experiments to study the Arctic climate for the first half of the 20th century.
Anti-proliferative impact of resveratrol on gingival fibroblasts from juvenile hyaline fibromatosis
Authors: Saygun Işıl , Slezovic Melis Özgül , Özkan Cansel Köse , Bengi Vahdi Umut , Elçi Pınar , Serdar Muhittin , Kantarci Alpdogan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aim
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound with biological activities such as anti-inflammation and antioxidation. Its anti-fibrotic effect has been experimentally demonstrated in the pancreas and liver. This study aims to determine the anti-proliferative effect of resveratrol on fibroblasts obtained from hyperplastic gingival tissues from a patient diagnosed with Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis (JHF).

Materials and methods
Primary gingival fibroblast cell lines were obtained from gingival growth tissues by the gingivectomy of a patient with JHF. Gingival fibroblasts were treated with or without 3 different doses of resveratrol (50, 100, 200 µM). Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were evaluated after 24, 48, and 72 h. Collagen, TGF, and CTGF were analyzed by ELISA in the 48-hour supernatants.

Results
All three doses of resveratrol suppressed the proliferation of JHF gingival fibroblasts at 24 and 48 h without showing any cytotoxic effect compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). At 72 h, 100 and 200 µM resveratrol showed significantly less proliferation (p < 0.0001), less collagen, CTGF, and TGF- β (p < 0.001) than the control group.

Conclusion
Resveratrol had a profound anti-proliferative effect on gingival fibroblasts obtained from gingival enlargements with JHF, suggesting that it can be used as a therapeutic to prevent excessive cell growth by suppressing collagen, CTGF, and TGF- β synthesis in the pathogenesis of hyperplasia.
Enhanced molecular first hyperpolarizabilities with Reichardt’s type of zwitterions: a computational study on roles of various monocyclic aromatic bridges
Authors: Pant Divya , Sitha Sanyasi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Context
This work reports structure–property correlations of 27 zwitterions Reichardt’s types of zwitterions. Focuses are twofold, to see the (1) impacts of metamerism with Reichardt’s vs Brooker’s types of zwitterions and (2) impacts of monocyclic aromatic rings as bridges. All the molecules considered here have pyridinium (common acceptor: A) and p-phenylene-dicyanomethanide (common donor: D). Fundamental molecular properties like dipole moments (μ), polarizabilities (α), hyperpolarizabilities (β), and adiabatic absorptions were computed only for the Reichardt types and compared with the literature reported respective Brooker’s types of zwitterions. As an impact of metamerism, in general 2–3 times enhanced hyperpolarizabilities (β) were observed for Reichardt’s compared to Brooker’s types. Exceptions were observed with some triazine bridges and furan bridge, where Brooker’s types were found to be more efficient. As impacts of aromatic bridges, in general, 6–sevenfold enhanced β compared to well-known traditional bridges and enhanced β were observed compared to D-A directly connected zwitterion (benzene bridge: sixfold enhanced β). Current findings show that the aromatic bridge control with Reichardt’s types of zwitterions is more efficient and thus may be employed as an effective strategy for the designing of functional molecular chromophores for various other fundamental areas.

Methods
All computations were performed with Gaussian 09. Geometry optimizations and computations of fundamental properties were carried out with HF, B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, and ωB97xD methodologies, with 6-31G(d,p) and aug-cc-pVDZ basis sets. For adiabatic excitations, computations were carried out using TDDFT and TDHF approaches. For the computations of the response properties (like the nonlinear optical responses), CPHF approach was used.
Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in finance: a systematic literature review
Authors: Černevičienė Jurgita , Kabašinskas Audrius 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs the range of decisions made by Artificial Intelligence (AI) expands, the need for Explainable AI (XAI) becomes increasingly critical. The reasoning behind the specific outcomes of complex and opaque financial models requires a thorough justification to improve risk assessment, minimise the loss of trust, and promote a more resilient and trustworthy financial ecosystem. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) identifies 138 relevant articles from 2005 to 2022 and highlights empirical examples demonstrating XAI's potential benefits in the financial industry. We classified the articles according to the financial tasks addressed by AI using XAI, the variation in XAI methods between applications and tasks, and the development and application of new XAI methods. The most popular financial tasks addressed by the AI using XAI were credit management, stock price predictions, and fraud detection. The three most commonly employed AI black-box techniques in finance whose explainability was evaluated were Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Random Forest. Most of the examined publications utilise feature importance, Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), and rule-based methods. In addition, they employ explainability frameworks that integrate multiple XAI techniques. We also concisely define the existing challenges, requirements, and unresolved issues in applying XAI in the financial sector.
Application of Optogenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Zhang Qian , Li Tianjiao , Xu Mengying , Islam Binish , Wang Jianwu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOptogenetics, a revolutionary technique integrating optical and genetic methodologies, offers unparalleled precision in spatial targeting and temporal resolution for cellular control. This approach enables the selective manipulation of specific neuronal populations, inducing subtle electrical changes that significantly impact complex neural circuitry. As optogenetics precisely targets and modulates neuronal activity, it holds the potential for significant breakthroughs in understanding and potentially altering the course of neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by selective neuronal loss leading to functional deficits within the nervous system. The integration of optogenetics into neurodegenerative disease research has significantly advanced in the field, offering new insights and paving the way for innovative treatment strategies. Its application in clinical settings, although still in the nascent stages, suggests a promising future for addressing some of the most challenging aspects of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of these research undertakings.