bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Climatology and Interannual Variability of East Asian Summer Monsoon in CMIP5 Coupled Models: Does Air–Sea Coupling Improve the Simulations?
Authors: Song Fengfei , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The climatology and interannual variability of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) simulated by 34 coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are evaluated. To estimate the role of air–sea coupling, 17 CGCMs are compared to their corresponding atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The climatological low-level monsoon circulation and mei-yu/changma/baiu rainfall band are improved in CGCMs from AGCMs. The improvement is at the cost of the local cold sea surface temperature (SST) biases in CGCMs, since they decrease the surface evaporation and enhance the circulation. The interannual EASM pattern is evaluated by a skill formula and the highest/lowest eight models are selected to investigate the skill origins. The observed Indian Ocean (IO) warming, tropical eastern Indian Ocean (TEIO) rainfall anomalies, and Kelvin wave response are captured well in high-skill models, while these features are not present in low-skill models. Further, the differences in the IO warming between high-skill and low-skill models are rooted in the preceding ENSO simulation. Hence, the IO–western Pacific anticyclone (WPAC) teleconnection is important for CGCMs, similar to AGCMs. However, compared to AGCMs, the TEIO SST anomaly is warmer in CGCMs, since the easterly wind anomalies in the southern flank of the WPAC reduce the climatological monsoon westerlies and decrease the surface evaporation. The warmer TEIO induces the stronger precipitation anomaly and intensifies the teleconnection. Hence, the interannual EASM pattern is better simulated in CGCMs than that in AGCMs.
Modulation of Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity by the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) from 1905 to 2011
Authors: Klotzbach Philip J. , Oliver Eric C. J. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) has been demonstrated to play a role in tropical cyclone (TC) activity around the globe in a number of recent studies. While the impact of the MJO on TCs in the Atlantic basin since the mid-1970s has been well documented, a newly developed 107-yr-long index for the MJO allows for additional analysis of the impacts of the MJO on Atlantic TC activity. TC activity in the Atlantic increases when MJO-related convection is enhanced over Africa and the Indian Ocean, while TC activity in the Atlantic is suppressed when the MJO enhances convection over the western Pacific. This long-term record of the MJO also allows for the analysis of how the MJO’s impacts may be modulated by other climate modes, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over interannual time scales and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) over multidecadal time scales. When climatologically unfavorable conditions such as an El Niño event or a negative AMO phase are present, even TC-favorable MJO conditions are not enough to generate statistically significant increases in TC activity from the long-term average across the Atlantic basin. However, climatologically favorable conditions during a La Niña event or a warm AMO phase act to enhance the modulation of TC activity over the Atlantic basin by the MJO.
Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using Satellite-Derived Potential Evapotranspiration
Authors: Spies Ryan R. , Franz Kristie J. , Hogue Terri S. , Bowman Angela L. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Satellite-derived potential evapotranspiration (PET) estimates computed from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations and the Priestley–Taylor formula (M-PET) are evaluated as input to the Hydrology Laboratory Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM). The HL-RDHM is run at a 4-km spatial and 6-h temporal resolution for 13 watersheds in the upper Mississippi and Red River basins for 2003–10. Simulated discharge using inputs of daily M-PET is evaluated for all watersheds, and simulated evapotranspiration (ET) is evaluated at two watersheds using nearby latent heat flux observations. M-PET–derived model simulations are compared to output using the long-term average PET values (default-PET) provided as part of the HL-RDHM application. In addition, uncalibrated and calibrated simulations are evaluated for both PET data sources. Calibrating select model parameters is found to substantially improve simulated discharge for both datasets. Overall average percent bias (PBias) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values for simulated discharge are better from the default-PET than the M-PET for the calibrated models during the verification period, indicating that the time-varying M-PET input did not improve the discharge simulation in the HL-RDHM. M-PET tends to produce higher NSE values than the default-PET for the Wisconsin and Minnesota basins, but lower NSE values for the Iowa basins. M-PET–simulated ET matches the range and variability of observed ET better than the default-PET at two sites studied and may provide potential model improvements in that regard.
Submesoscale Instability and Generation of Mesoscale Anticyclones near a Separation of the California Undercurrent
Authors: Molemaker M. Jeroen , McWilliams James C. , Dewar William K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe California Undercurrent (CUC) flows poleward mostly along the continental slope. It develops a narrow strip of large negative vertical vorticity through the turbulent boundary layer and bottom stress. In several downstream locations, the current separates, aided by topographic curvature and flow inertia, in particular near Point Sur Ridge, south of Monterey Bay. When this happens the high-vorticity strip undergoes rapid instability that appears to be mesoscale in “eddy-resolving” simulations but is substantially submesoscale with a finer computational grid. The negative relative vorticity in the CUC is larger than the background rotation f, and Ertel potential vorticity is negative. This instigates ageostrophic centrifugal instability. The submesoscale turbulence is partly unbalanced, has elevated local dissipation and mixing, and leads to dilution of the extreme vorticity values. Farther downstream, the submesoscale activity abates, and the remaining eddy motions exhibit an upscale organization into the mesoscale, resulting in long-lived coherent anticyclones in the depth range of 100–500 m (previously called Cuddies) that move into the gyre interior in a generally southwestward direction. In addition to the energy and mixing effects of the postseparation instability, there is are significant local topographic form stress and bottom torque that retard the CUC and steer the mean current pathway.
Enhancement of Alongshore Freshwater Transport in Surface-Advected River Plumes by Tides
Authors: Chen Shih-Nan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A recent numerical study by Isobe showed that imposing alongshore tidal forcing on buoyant coastal discharge enhances the net freshwater transport in the coastal currents. The mechanisms for this transport enhancement are studied using a three-dimensional, primitive equation ocean model [Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)]. Lagrangian drifters are used to trace the freshwater transport paths. It is found that the river plume bulge circulation largely follows the rigid-body motion (i.e., constant vorticity). The buoyant fluid near the bulge’s outer edge is thinner and faster, behaving as a baroclinic jet. The bulge currents then split after impinging on the coast. The outer fluid feeds the downshelf-flowing coastal currents, while the inner fluid recirculates to form the bulge. The coastal current transport estimated from the present and prior studies corresponds well to a baroclinic jet theory, with the incident angle of bulge currents at the coast being a key parameter. Without tides, the bulge is approximately circular. The incident angle measured with respect to the cross-shore axis is small. With tides, the convergence of tidal momentum fluxes near the upshelf plume front leads to a positive pressure anomaly, which acts to compress the bulge shoreward. As a result, the incident angle increases, which in turn enhances the downshelf momentum input, thus increasing the freshwater transport in the coastal currents. Finally, the parameter space for coastal current transport in the presence of tidal forcing is explored with a conceptual model. A few observational examples are given.
Cloud-Resolving 4D-Var Assimilation of Doppler Wind Lidar Data on a Meso-Gamma-Scale Convective System
Authors: Kawabata Takuya , Iwai Hironori , Seko Hiromu , Shoji Yoshinori , Saito Kazuo , Ishii Shoken , Mizutani Kohei 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The authors evaluated the effects of assimilating three-dimensional Doppler wind lidar (DWL) data on the forecast of the heavy rainfall event of 5 July 2010 in Japan, produced by an isolated mesoscale convective system (MCS) at a meso-gamma scale in a system consisting of only warm rain clouds. Several impact experiments using the nonhydrostatic four-dimensional variational data assimilation system (NHM-4DVAR) and the Japan Meteorological Agency nonhydrostatic model with a 2-km horizontal grid spacing were conducted in which 1) no observations were assimilated (NODA), 2) radar reflectivity and radial velocity determined by Doppler radar and precipitable water vapor determined by GPS satellite observations were assimilated (CTL), and 3) radial velocity determined by DWL were added to the CTL experiment (LDR) and five data denial and two observational error sensitivity experiments. Although both NODA and CTL simulated an MCS, only LDR captured the intensity, location, and horizontal scale of the observed MCS. Assimilating DWL data improved the wind direction and speed of low-level airflows, thus improving the accuracy of the simulated water vapor flux. The examination of the impacts of specific assimilations and assigned observation errors showed that assimilation of all data types is important for forecasting intense MCSs. The investigation of the MCS structure showed that large amounts of water vapor were supplied to the rainfall event by southerly flow. A midlevel inversion layer led to the production of exclusively liquid water particles in the MCS, and in combination with the humid airflow into the MCS, this inversion layer may be another important factor in its development.
Impacts of Frequent Assimilation of Surface Pressure Observations on Atmospheric Analyses
Authors: Lei Lili , Anderson Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
To investigate the impacts of frequently assimilating only surface pressure (PS) observations, the Data Assimilation Research Testbed and the Community Atmosphere Model (DART/CAM) are used for observing system simulation experiments with the ensemble Kalman filter. An empirical localization function (ELF) is used to effectively spread the information from PS in the vertical. The ELF minimizes the root-mean-square difference between the truth and the posterior ensemble mean for state variables. The temporal frequency of the observations is increased from 6 to 3 h, and then 1 h. By observing only PS, the uncertainty throughout the entire depth of the troposphere can be constrained. The analysis error over the entire depth of the troposphere, especially the middle troposphere, is reduced with increased assimilation frequency. The ELF is similar to the vertical localization function used in the Twentieth-Century Reanalysis (20CR); thus, it demonstrates that the current vertical localization in the 20CR is close to the optimal localization function.
Detection and measurement of surface contamination by multiple antineoplastic drugs using multiplex bead assay
Authors: Smith Jerome P , Sammons Deborah L , Robertson Shirley A , Pretty Jack R , DeBord D Gayle , Connor Thomas H , Snawder John E 
Published: October 2014

Objectives Contamination of workplace surfaces by antineoplastic drugs presents an exposure risk for healthcare workers. Traditional instrumental methods to detect contamination such as liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) are sensitive and accurate but expensive. Since immunochemical methods may be cheaper and faster than instrumental methods, we wanted to explore their use for routine drug residue detection for preventing worker exposure. Methods In this study we examined the feasibility of using fluorescence covalent microbead immunosorbent assay (FCMIA) for simultaneous detection and semi-quantitative measurement of three antineoplastic drugs (5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin). The concentration ranges for the assay were 0–1000 ng/ml for 5-fluorouracil, 0–100 ng/ml for paclitaxel, and 0–2 ng/ml for doxorubicin. The surface sampling technique involved wiping a loaded surface with a swab wetted with wash buffer, extracting the swab in storage/blocking buffer, and measuring drugs in the extract using FCMIA. Results There was no significant cross-reactivity between these drugs at the ranges studied indicated by a lack of response in the assay to cross analytes. The limit of detection (LOD) for 5-fluorouracil on the surface studied was 0.93 ng/cm2 with a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 2.8 ng/cm2, the LOD for paclitaxel was 0.57 ng/cm2 with an LOQ of 2.06 ng/cm2, and the LOD for doxorubicin was 0.0036 ng/cm2 with an LOQ of 0.013 ng/cm2. Conclusion The use of FCMIA with a simple sampling technique has potential for low cost simultaneous detection and semi-quantitative measurement of surface contamination from multiple antineoplastic drugs.
BCR-ABL1 promotes leukemia by converting p27 into a cytoplasmic oncoprotein
Authors: Agarwal Anupriya , Mackenzie Ryan J. , Besson Arnaud , Jeng Sophia , Carey Alyssa , LaTocha Dorian H. , Fleischman Angela G. , Duquesnes Nicolas , Eide Christopher A. , Vasudevan Kavin B. , Loriaux Marc M. , Firpo Eduardo , Cortes Jorge E. , McWeeney Shannon , O’Hare Thomas , Roberts James M. , Druker Brian J. , Deininger Michael W. 
Published: October 2014

Key PointsCoordinated BCR-ABL1 kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms convert p27 from a nuclear tumor suppressor to a cytoplasmic oncogene. Oncogenic functions of p27 that persist despite effective BCR-ABL1 inhibition may contribute to resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Common variants in the human platelet PAR4 thrombin receptor alter platelet function and differ by race
Authors: Edelstein Leonard C. , Simon Lukas M. , Lindsay Cory R. , Kong Xianguo , Teruel-Montoya Raúl , Tourdot Benjamin E. , Chen Edward S. , Ma Lin , Coughlin Shaun , Nieman Marvin , Holinstat Michael , Shaw Chad A. , Bray Paul F. 
Published: October 2014

Key Points
White individuals have a high frequency of the common PAR4 gene (F2RL3) variant Ala120; blacks have a high frequency of Thr120. PAR4 Thr120 induces greater signaling and is associated with greater platelet aggregation and reduced inhibition by a PAR4 antagonist.
Water transport control in carbon nanotube arrays
Authors: Fasano Matteo , Chiavazzo Eliodoro , Asinari Pietro 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Abstract
Based on a recent scaling law of the water mobility under nanoconfined conditions, we envision novel strategies for precise modulation of water diffusion within membranes made of carbon nanotube arrays (CNAs). In a first approach, the water diffusion coefficient D may be tuned by finely controlling the size distribution of the pore size. In the second approach, D can be varied at will by means of externally induced electrostatic fields. Starting from the latter strategy, switchable molecular sieves are proposed, where membranes are properly designed with sieving and permeation features that can be dynamically activated/deactivated. Areas where a precise control of water transport properties is beneficial range from energy and environmental engineering up to nanomedicine.
A candidate factor that interacts with RF2, a restorer of fertility of Lead rice-type cytoplasmic male sterility in rice
Authors: Fujii Shinya , Kazama Tomohiko , Ito Yukihiro , Kojima Soichi , Toriyama Kinya 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background
The pollen function of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) plants is often recovered by the Restorer of fertility (Rf) gene encoded by the nuclear genome. An Rf gene of Lead rice type CMS, Rf2, encodes a small mitochondrial glycine-rich protein. RF2 is expected to function by interacting with other proteins, because RF2 has no motifs except for glycine-rich domain.

Findings
To elucidate the protein that interacts with RF2, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening. We identified four genes and named RF2-interacting candidate factors (RIF1 to RIF4). A study of subcellular localization demonstrated that only RIF2 was targeted to mitochondria. A pull-down assay using E. coli-produced recombinant GST-tagged RF2 and His-tagged RIF2 confirmed that RF2 interacted with RIF2. RIF2 encodes ubiquitin domain-containing protein.

Conclusions
These results suggest that RIF2 is a candidate factor of a fertility restoration complex of RF2.
Glaucoma—early diagnosis could prevent vision loss
Authors: Peate Ian , Jones Noleen 
Published: October 2014

Sight, one of the special senses, is often taken for granted—until it is impaired or lost. The number of people losing their vision is growing, yet much of this vision loss could be prevented. Many conditions can cause visual impairment and glaucoma is one of them. To understand how best to care for people with glaucoma, the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) must have an understanding of this special sense. This article discusses acute closure glaucoma and primary open angle glaucoma. This article provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the eye, the risk factors associated with glaucoma and the signs and symptoms people experience. There is a discussion concerning the various investigations required to make a diagnosis and the treatment and care required. Finally, a glossary of terms is provided.
Nieustająca admiracja dla starożytnego Rzymu
Authors: Kluczek Agata 
Published: October 2014

Recenzja książki: Atlante di Roma antica. Biogra! a e ritratti della Città, A cura di Andrea Carandini con Paolo Carafa, Mondadori Electa S.p.a., Milano 2012, 1: Testi e immagini, 638 s. + 216 il.; 2: Tavole e indici, 446 s.
Bibliothekar werden – noch immer eine gute Wahl?
Authors: Merkler Benjamin 
Published: October 2014

Zusammenfassung:
Ausgehend von der Frage, ob der Beruf des Bibliothekars eine Zukunft hat, soll gezeigt werden, dass es in den kommenden Jahren eine Menge spannender und interessanter Herausforderungen im Bibliothekswesen gibt, die diesen Beruf durchaus attraktiv machen. Neben bibliotheksinternen Perspektiven werden auch informationsgesellschaftliche Entwicklungslinien skizziert, die darstellen, dass die Bibliothek als feste Institution auch zukünftig wichtige Aufgaben wahrnehmen kann, insbesondere in einer digitalen Welt.
Vocational Training and Labor Market Outcomes in Brazil
Authors: Reis Mauricio 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This paper examines the effect of vocational training on labor market outcomes in Brazilian metropolitan areas. Estimates based on difference-in-differences matching indicate that vocational training increases monthly and hourly labor earnings, as well as the probability of getting a job. However, evidence does not indicate that this kind of training improves access to jobs in the formal sector. Also according to the results, vocational training in Brazil seems to be more effective for workers with more labor market experience and for those with a higher level of formal education than for individuals in disadvantaged groups.
A Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Study on Adsorptive Desulfurization of Model Gasoline Using Synthesized Ni–Y and Ce–Y Zeolites
Authors: Montazerolghaem Maryam , Rahimi Amir , Seyedeyn-Azad Fakhry 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this study, Ni–Y and Ce–Y zeolites are prepared using synthesized Na–Y zeolite through solid-state ion-exchange method. The adsorptive desulfurization of a model gasoline containing 194, 116 and 72 ppmw sulfur is evaluated in a batch system under ambient conditions. A dynamic model is established in order to investigate the performance of the adsorption process. The model predictions are compared with the obtained experimental results for thiophene adsorption on Ni–Y and Ce–Y zeolites from model solution containing different concentrations of thiophene, and a good agreement is observed. The model parameters: diffusivity and mass transfer coefficient are estimated by comparing the model predictions and experimental data.
Albendazole loaded albumin nanoparticles for ovarian cancer therapy
Authors: Noorani Lubna , Pourgholami Mohammad Hossein , Liang Mingtao , Morris David Lawson , Stenzel Martina 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAlbendazole (ABZ), a well-established antiparasitic drug, has been shown to suppress tumor growth in a number of preclinical models of cancer. However, the low solubility of ABZ limits its use as a systemic anticancer agent. To enable systemic administration, we have formulated ABZ into albumin nanoparticles with a size range of 200–300 nm, which were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to stabilize the nanoparticles and to introduce pH-responsive features. Drug release studies demonstrated that about 20% of ABZ was released at neutral pH within a week in comparison to 70% at slightly acidic condition (pH 5). Cellular uptake studies using ovarian cancer cells indicated that nanoparticles were internalized efficiently within 1 h of incubation. Further, cell proliferation results demonstrated that albumin nanoparticles alone showed no cytotoxicity to both normal and cancer cells. In contrast, the drug-loaded nanoparticles exhibited cellular toxicity and high killing efficacy to cancer cells compared to normal cells. Collectively, our results suggest that these albumin nanoparticles may hold great potentials as ABZ carriers for cancer therapy.
Progressive Filtering Approach for Query by Humming System Through Empirical Mode Decomposition and Multiresolution Histograms
Authors: Nagavi Trisiladevi C. , Bhajantri Nagappa U. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis research work proposes an implementation of adept content-based music retrieval technique that attempts to address the demands of the rising availability of digital music. The primary objective of this research work is to balance the perilous impact of non-relevant songs through progressive filtering (PF) for query by humming (QBH) music information retrieval system. The PF is a technique of searching in manifolds for problem solving through reduced search space. A new strategy for empirical mode decomposition (EMD) analysis is adopted, and outcomes are propelled as a significant source of information for multiresolution histogram (MRH) representations. Finally, the concept of PF is realized through MRH to retrieve the desired song by humming. The proposed multiresolution QBH system is evaluated on a music database of 1200 fragments, and the experimental results effectively locate the humming patterns and recite the eminence of EMD analysis for retrieving the desired song through humming.