bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Dental Age Estimation Practice in United Arab Emirates’ Children
Authors: Altalie Salem , Thevissen Patrick , Fieuws Steffen , Willems Guy 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe aim of the study was to detect whether the Willems model, developed on a Belgian reference sample, can be used for age estimations in United Arab Emirates (UAE) children. Furthermore, it was verified that if added third molars development information in children provided more accurate age predictions. On 1900 panoramic radiographs, the development of left mandibular permanent teeth (PT) and third molars (TM) was registered according the Demirjian and the Kohler technique, respectively. The PT data were used to verify the Willems model and to develop a UAE model and to verify it. Multiple regression models with PT, TM, and PT + TM scores as independent and age as dependent factor were developed. Comparing the verified Willems‐ and the UAE model revealed differences in mean error of −0.01 year, mean absolute error of 0.01 year and root mean squared error of 0.90 year. Neglectable overall decrease in RMSE was detected combining PM and TM developmental information.
Climate Change and the Victim Slot: From Oil to Innocence
Authors: Hughes David McDermott 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTPeople change the climate. Ethnography, however, tends to look past these perpetrators and see only victims. In such accounts, parties vulnerable to climate change suffer, adapt, or do both. To varying degrees, their societies are resilient and may soon make themselves more so. These comparatively cheerful keywords overlook an entire moral field of responsibility, complicity, and culpability. High emitters of carbon dioxide bear the bulk of responsibility for the unfolding catastrophe. How do such people interpret and justify their actions? What ethics and mentalities with respect to the environment are high emitters, their firms, and their governments fabricating? In this article, I address these questions in the context of a society both complicit and vulnerable: the petrostate of Trinidad and Tobago. There, an overlapping set of environmental policymakers and environmentally minded industrialists consider Trinidad—including its oil industry—to be only vulnerable. Their “victim slot” relies on cultural constructions of insular geography, performances in diplomatic fora, and planning rubrics for hazards. In each instance, the slot allows Trinidadian institutions and corporations—including oil firms—to skirt accountability for carbon emissions. Nevertheless, some Trinidadian public figures are beginning to reconsider hydrocarbons in ways both painful and humane.
Storytelling, Language Shift, and Revitalization in a Transborder Community: “Tell It in Zapotec!”
Authors: Falconi Elizabeth 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, I examine storytelling practices in a Zapotec transborder community formed by migration between Oaxaca, Mexico, and Los Angeles, California. Amid dual patterns of language shift away from Zapotec toward Spanish among community youth living on both sides of the U.S.–Mexico border, there is a growing gap between storytelling ideologies that tightly link storytelling to Zapotec language use and the practices of storytellers, who increasingly use Spanish. As a discursive genre that is linked to processes of cultural reproduction, storytelling has particular significance for understanding language shift in this community. In this article, I demonstrate how speakers’ ideologies about how stories should be told are shaped by a widespread preoccupation with cultural continuity amid the transformations brought on by local migration practices. The varied responses to this transformation within the community, which range from acceptance to cultural revitalization activism, reflect distinct but overlapping ideologies of discursive authenticity as well as the role of traditional heritage language practices in contemporary social life.
The Politics of Pits and the Materiality of Mine Labor: Making Natural Resources in the American West
Authors: Rolston Jessica Smith 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThough workers play a crucial role in the process of procuring natural resources, their role in the anthropology of mining and extraction has continually declined over the past two decades. This gap obscures major industry transformations and their implications for theorizing labor and corporate practice. Ethnographic research in active surface coal mines in the American West suggests that relationships between workers and companies are mediated not just through social institutions and corporate policies but also through the material qualities and histories of the resource itself.
Anxious Belongings: Anxiety and the Politics of Belonging in Subnationalist Darjeeling
Authors: Middleton Townsend 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAcross South Asia and beyond, the politics of belonging continue to breed alarming volatility and violence. The embodied, affective dimensions of these politics remain an imminent concern. In this article, I question how anxiety informs these reckonings of who belongs and who does not. Capable of galvanizing bodies and the greater body politic, anxieties over national belonging remain a powerful, but less understood, political force. In Darjeeling, India, anxieties over belonging—what I term “anxious belongings”—have fueled a particularly mercurial subnationalist politics, involving recurrent agitations for a separate state of Gorkhaland. Situated amid these interplays of anxiety, politics, and belonging, I identify anxious belonging as a collectively embodied phenomenon—at once historical, social, and pregnant with political possibility. As I show, these anxieties are deeply rooted in body and time. Today, they remain as unsettling as they are formative of a people and their politics. Thinking anthropologically about the origins and sociopolitical life of anxiety in Darjeeling, with this article I signal new ways of understanding—and perhaps anticipating—the volatilities that attend the politics of belonging worldwide. Anxious belonging accordingly comes into view as a dimension of and potential for markedly agitated forms of life and politics.
Incidence and Outcome of Pediatric Patients With Intracranial Hemorrhage While Supported on Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Niebler Robert A. , Lew Sean M. , Zangwill Steven D. , Woods Ronald K. , Mitchell Michael E. , Tweddell James S. , Ghanayem Nancy S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPediatric patients supported on ventricular assist devices (VADs) require systemic anticoagulation and are at risk for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Little is known about the incidence or outcomes of pediatric patients with ICH while supported on a VAD. A retrospective chart review of all patients receiving VAD support was completed. Patients diagnosed with ICH while supported on a VAD were identified. Significant factors prior to diagnosis of ICH, medical/surgical treatment of ICH, and patient outcomes were assessed. Five of 30 (17%) patients supported on a VAD from January 2000 to November 2012 were diagnosed with an ICH. Four patients had an identified cerebral thromboembolic injury prior to the ICH. Four patients required interruption in their anticoagulation regimen due to other bleeding concerns prior to ICH. Neurosurgical intervention consisted of evacuation of hemorrhage in one, whereas two others required management of hydrocephalus with external ventricular drainage. Three of the five patients died on VAD support. Two deaths were directly related to ICH, whereas the third was unrelated. Two patients were successfully transplanted; one remains with a significant neurological impairment, and the other has recovered with minimal residual impairment following neurosurgical evacuation of a large subdural hematoma. ICH is a devastating complication of VAD support. Prior ischemic infarcts and interruptions to anticoagulation may put a patient at risk for ICH. Prompt neurosurgical evaluation/intervention can result in positive outcomes.
Major depressive disorder in hemodialysis patients in China
Authors: Hu Aimin , Xue Zhimin , Mwansisya Tumbwene E , Zhou An , Pu Weidan , Chen Xudong , Sun Meng , Wang Peng , Fan Hua , Wang Zheng , Ouyang Xuan , Liu Zhening , Rosenheck Robert 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) has been regarded as the most common psychiatric disorder among hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, few studies have investigated MDD in HD patients in Mainland China. This study sought to investigate the prevalence and treatment of MDD, as well as the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in this population.MethodsTwo hundred sixty HD patients were screened with the nine‐item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the formal diagnosis of MDD was further assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. Severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Finally, patients meeting diagnostic criteria were compared with those who did not on demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsAmong the 260 subjects, 26.2% screened positively and 10% were confirmed to have a diagnosis of MDD. Among HD patients with MDD, 69.2% had severe or very severe depressive symptoms. There was no evidence of a clinical diagnosis or of treatment for MDD in any of the patients' medical records. Those with shorter duration of HD, lower monthly income, and lower levels of blood urea nitrogen were significantly more likely to have a diagnosis of MDD.DiscussionMDD is frequent in HD patients. Regular screening and professional diagnosis should be undertaken to increase the detection and treatment of MDD in HD patients. The effectiveness of interventions for MDD in HD patients deserves further research.
Effects of vitamin D in skeletal muscle: falls, strength, athletic performance and insulin sensitivity
Authors: Girgis Christian M. , Clifton‐Bligh Roderick J. , Turner Nigel , Lau Sue Lynn , Gunton Jenny E. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryAccompanying the high rates of vitamin D deficiency observed in many countries, there is increasing interest in the physiological functions of vitamin D. Vitamin D is recognized to exert extra‐skeletal actions in addition to its classic roles in bone and mineral homeostasis. Here, we review the evidence for vitamin D's actions in muscle on the basis of observational studies, clinical trials and basic research. Numerous observational studies link vitamin D deficiency with muscle weakness and sarcopaenia. Randomized trials predominantly support an effect of vitamin D supplementation and the prevention of falls in older or institutionalized patients. Studies have also examined the effect of vitamin D in athletic performance, both inferentially by UV radiation and directly by vitamin D supplementation. Effects of vitamin D in muscle metabolic function, specifically insulin sensitivity, are also addressed in this review. At a mechanistic level, animal studies have evaluated the roles of vitamin D and associated minerals, calcium and phosphate, in muscle function. In vitro studies have identified molecular pathways by which vitamin D regulates muscle cell signalling and gene expression. This review evaluates evidence for the various roles of vitamin D in skeletal muscle and discusses controversies that have made this a dynamic field of research.
The portal vein‐variceal anastomosis: an important technique for establishing portal vein inflow
Authors: Alexopoulos Sophoclis P. , Thomas Elizabeth , Berry Emily , Whang Gilbert , Matsuoka Lea 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundAdequate portal vein inflow is critical to successful orthotopic liver transplantation. While an end‐to‐end donor to recipient portal vein anastomosis is fashioned in the majority of liver transplant recipients, approximately 2% of recipients will require a complex vascular reconstruction due to inadequate recipient portal vein inflow. In this series, we describe our experience with five patients in which porto‐variceal anastomosis was used to treat extensive porto‐mesenteric thrombosis.MethodsCharts for patients who underwent liver transplantation from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2011, were reviewed for patients requiring porto‐variceal anastomosis.ResultsFive patients had extensive porto‐splenomesenteric thrombosis requiring utilization of a varix as portal inflow. An iliac vein graft was utilized in four patients, and a direct anastomosis was performed in one patient. The patient with the direct anastomosis required revision with the use of an iliac vein graft the following day. Follow‐up imaging documented portal vein patency at a minimum of three months post‐transplant. No patients suffered post‐operative variceal hemorrhage and all five patients are alive with a functional primary graft at a median follow‐up of 2.3 yr.ConclusionsA porto‐variceal anastomosis should be feasible in the majority of patients with extensive porto‐mesenteric thrombosis with excellent durability.
Assessing the impacts of the establishment of Miscanthus on soil organic carbon on two contrasting land‐use types in Ireland
Authors: Zimmermann J. , Dondini M. , Jones M. B. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryIn recent years the use of biomass for energy production has become an increasingly important measure for mitigating global change. However, the scientific debate has been inconclusive with regard to the risks and benefits of bioenergy use. There is particular concern that land‐use change to bioenergy production can lead to increased CO2 emissions. These emissions result from the loss of vegetation and the soil disturbance. The use of Miscanthus x giganteus as a bioenergy feedstock offers a possible solution, as it shows a large soil carbon (C) sequestration potential. The aim of the present study was to analyse the impacts of land‐use change to Miscanthus on soil fractions and associated soil organic carbon (SOC). Four young commercial Miscanthus sites, as well as adjacent sites representing the former land‐use, in SE Ireland were analysed for changes in SOC stocks and newly sequestered Miscanthus‐derived C. The fraction with which the SOC is associated significantly influenced its decomposability and turnover time. Using the 13C natural abundance method, we found that newly sequestered C was found mainly as particulate organic matter (79.7% of Miscanthus‐derived C) and therefore in a labile state with short turnover times. No significant differences were found in the distribution of the different soil fractions and SOC between the Miscanthus and the control sites, and it was shown that the share of fractions on the bulk soil as well as the proportion of the SOC associated with these fractions in young Miscanthus sites depends mainly on the previous land‐use.
Lengthening of the duration of xylogenesis engenders disproportionate increases in xylem production
Authors: Rossi Sergio , Girard Marie‐Josée , Morin Hubert 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn cold climates, the expected global warming will lead to earlier cambial resumptions in spring, with a resultant lengthening of the growing season but unknown consequences on forest productivity. The phenological traits of cambium activity and xylem formation were analyzed at a short time scale along a thermal gradient represented by an alti‐latitudinal range from the 48th to 53rd parallels and covering the whole closed black‐spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP] forest in Quebec, Canada. A hypothesis was tested that warmer temperatures influence cambium phenology, allowing longer duration and higher intensity of growth, and resulting in proportionally increased xylem production. From April to October 2012, cell division in cambium and post‐cambial differentiation of xylem were observed on anatomical sections obtained from microcores collected weekly from the stem of fifty trees. The southern and warmer site was characterized by the highest radial growth, which corresponded to both the highest rates and longest durations of cell production. The differences in terms of xylem phenology and growth were marginal between the other sites. Xylem growth was positively correlated with rate and duration of cell production, with the latter explaining most variability in growth. Within the range analyzed, the relationship between temperature and most phenological phases of xylogenesis was linear. On the contrary, temperature was related with cell production according to an exponential pattern. Periods of xylogenesis of 14 days longer (+13.1%) corresponded to a massive increase in cell production (33 cells, +109%). This disproportionate change occurred at a May–September average temperature of ca. 14 °C and a snow‐free period of 210–235 days. At the lower boundary of the distribution of black spruce, small environmental changes allowing marginal lengthening of the period of cell division could potentially lead to disproportionate increases in xylem cell production, with substantial consequences for the productivity of this boreal species.
Carry‐over effects of multiple stressors on benthic embryos are mediated by larval exposure to elevated UVB and temperature
Authors: Fischer Jeannine , Phillips Nicole E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDamaging effects of UVB in conjunction with other stressors associated with global change are well‐established, with many studies focused on vulnerable early life stages and immediate effects (e.g., mortality, developmental abnormalities). However, for organisms with complex life cycles, experiences at one life stage can have carry‐over effects on later life stages, such that sublethal effects may mediate later vulnerability to further stress. Here, we exposed embryos in benthic egg masses of the New Zealand intertidal gastropod Siphonaria australis to treatments of either periodic stress (e.g., elevated UVB, salinity, and water temperature mimicking tidepool conditions in which egg masses are commonly found during summer) or control conditions (low UVB, ambient salinity, and water temperatures). Although there was high mortality from stressed egg masses, 24% of larvae hatched successfully. We then exposed the hatching larvae from both egg mass treatments to different combinations of water temperature (15 or 20 °C) and light (high UVB or shade) 12 h per day for 10 days. The most stressful larval conditions of 20 °C/high UVB resulted in low survival and stunted growth. Carry‐over effects on survival were apparent for shaded larvae exposed to elevated temperature, where those from stressed egg masses had 1.8× higher mortality than those from control egg masses. Shaded larvae were also larger and had longer velar cilia if they were from control egg masses, independent of larval temperature. These results demonstrate that previous experience of environmental stress can influence vulnerability of later life stages to further stress, and that focus on a single life stage will underestimate cumulative effects of agents of global change.
Important aspects concerning alendronate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a literature review
Authors: Iglesias Julia E. , Salum Fernanda G. , Figueiredo Maria A. , Cherubini Karen 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo conduct a literature review on sodium alendronate, focusing on osteonecrosis of the jaws, a serious potential side effect.BackgroundSodium alendronate is a bisphosphonate that is widely used for the treatment of osteopenia, osteoporosis and Paget's disease. Like other bisphosphonates, it inhibits bone resorption by inactivating osteoclasts. Alendronate has evident benefits in the treatment of these diseases, but it is associated with jaw osteonecrosis, although less frequently compared with intravenous bisphosphonates. Therefore, some preventive measures should be taken to avoid this side effect.Material and methodsWe reviewed the literature regarding the pharmacological aspects, mechanism of action, indications of use and side effects of sodium alendronate, as well as the management of patients under this therapy.ConclusionThe benefits of sodium alendronate are scientifically proven, but a serious adverse effect is osteonecrosis. Therefore, it is crucial to prepare the oral cavity before bisphosphonate therapy, providing a careful dental evaluation and all needed dental treatment.
Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber Syndrome (KTWS) and Spontaneous Spinal CSF Leak: Coincidence or Link
Authors: Mokri Bahram 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo highlight the occurrence of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in the setting of Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber syndrome (KTWS).BackgroundKTWS is a congenital multicomponent disorder of angiogenesis plus limb asymmetry. The cause of spontaneous CSF leaks often remains unknown, but the notion of a pre‐existing dural weakness related to a disorder of connective tissue matrix is gaining momentum.Report of Cases and MethodsTwo women with KTWS developed spontaneous CSF leaks. Each underwent extensive head and spine imaging studies. One patient underwent surgery to treat the CSF leak and later an epidural blood patch upon partial recurrence of her symptoms. The other patient, who had intermittent CSF leak, developed cerebral venous thrombosis requiring several months of anticoagulation therapy. Both patients have histories of visceral bleeding: gastrointestinal in 1 patient and genitourinary in the other.ResultsThe predominant site of vascular anomaly was the left lower limb in 1 patient and the right upper limb in the other, while the involved limb was larger in 1 patient and smaller in the other. Each patient presented with orthostatic headaches. One had additional choreiform movements and cognitive difficulties that responded to the treatment of the leak. Head magnetic resonance imaging in both patients showed diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement and evidence of sinking of the brain. Computed tomography myelography in 1 patient disclosed the site of the leak; and she underwent surgery to treat the leak, and later an epidural blood patch upon partial recurrence of her symptoms to which she responded well. The other patient had intermittent leak with history of long remission and was reluctant to go through invasive diagnostic or therapeutic measures.ConclusionThe occurrence of an uncommon disorder (spontaneous CSF leak) in the setting of a rare congenital disorder in 2 unrelated patients is intriguing. Whether this represents coincidence or a link is not clear but deserves further observations and investigation.
Evaluation of the Frequency and the Association of Sexual Pain and Chronic Headaches
Authors: Gordon Allan , Paneduro Denise , Pink Leah , Lawler Valerie , Lay Christine 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundSexual pain and chronic headaches are both complex conditions with associated high disability. Little research has examined whether there is a relationship between the 2. The aim of this survey‐based study was to explore the frequency of sexual pain in a population of women being treated for chronic headache. Peripheral aims included exploring the number of patients receiving treatment for sexual pain and the association between sexual pain and libido, and history of abuse.MethodsPatients presenting to an ambulatory chronic headache clinic were administered a short 10‐item survey.ResultsForty‐four percent of patients reported that they had pelvic region or genital pain brought on by sexual activity. Only half of these patients had ever discussed their pelvic pain with a health care provider, and 31% of these patients had not received treatment. Almost all patients would be interested in treatment if available. Seventy‐five percent of patients indicated a change in libido.ConclusionChronic headaches and sexual pain are both conditions that have a significant impact on patients and the health care system, and they do coexist. More research is needed to look at the relationship between these conditions in addition to epidemiology, symptomatology, evaluation, and treatments.