bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation Experience Enhances Physical Therapist Student Confidence in Managing a Patient in the Critical Care Environment
Authors: Ohtake Patricia J. , Lazarus Marcilene , Schillo Rebecca , Rosen Michael 
Published: January 2013

Background
Rehabilitation of patients in critical care environments improves functional outcomes. This finding has led to increased implementation of intensive care unit (ICU) rehabilitation programs, including early mobility, and an associated increased demand for physical therapists practicing in ICUs. Unfortunately, many physical therapists report being inadequately prepared to work in this high-risk environment. Simulation provides focused, deliberate practice in safe, controlled learning environments and may be a method to initiate academic preparation of physical therapists for ICU practice.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of participation in simulation-based management of a patient with critical illness in an ICU setting on levels of confidence and satisfaction in physical therapist students.

Design
A one-group, pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental design was used.

Methods
Physical therapist students (N=43) participated in a critical care simulation experience requiring technical (assessing bed mobility and pulmonary status), behavioral (patient and interprofessional communication), and cognitive (recognizing a patient status change and initiating appropriate responses) skill performance. Student confidence and satisfaction were surveyed before and after the simulation experience.

Results
Students' confidence in their technical, behavioral, and cognitive skill performance increased from “somewhat confident” to “confident” following the critical care simulation experience. Student satisfaction was highly positive, with strong agreement the simulation experience was valuable, reinforced course content, and was a useful educational tool.

Limitations
Limitations of the study were the small sample from one university and a control group was not included.

Conclusions
Incorporating a simulated, interprofessional critical care experience into a required clinical course improved physical therapist student confidence in technical, behavioral, and cognitive performance measures and was associated with high student satisfaction. Using simulation, students were introduced to the critical care environment, which may increase interest in working in this practice area.
Development of a Computerized Adaptive Test for Assessing Activities of Daily Living in Outpatients With Stroke
Authors: Hsueh I-Ping , Chen Jyun-Hong , Wang Chun-Hou , Hou Wen-Hsuan , Hsieh Ching-Lin 
Published: January 2013

Background
An efficient, reliable, and valid measure for assessing activities of daily living (ADL) function is useful to improve the efficiency of patient management and outcome measurement.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to construct a computerized adaptive testing (CAT) system for measuring ADL function in outpatients with stroke.

Design
Two cohort studies were conducted at 6 hospitals in Taiwan.

Methods
A candidate item bank (44 items) was developed, and 643 outpatients were interviewed. An item response theory model was fitted to the data and estimated the item parameters (eg, difficulty and discrimination) for developing the ADL CAT. Another sample of 51 outpatients was interviewed to examine the concurrent validity and efficiency of the CAT. The ADL CAT, as the outcome measure, and the Barthel index (BI) and Frenchay Activities index (FAI) were administered on the second group of participants.

Results
Ten items did not satisfy the model's expectations and were deleted. Thirty-four items were included in the final item bank. Two stopping rules (ie, reliability coefficient &gt;.9 and maximum test length of 7 items) were set for the CAT. The participants' ADL scores had an average reliability of .93. The CAT scores were highly associated with those of the full 34 items (Pearson r=.98). The scores of the CAT were closely correlated with those of the combined BI and FAI (r=.82). The time required to complete the CAT was about one fifth of the time used to administer both the BI and FAI.

Limitations
The participants were outpatients living in the community. Further studies are needed to cross-validate the results.

Conclusions
The results demonstrated that the ADL CAT is quick to administer, reliable, and valid in outpatients with stroke.
Comparison of the accuracy of ventricular catheter placement using freehand placement, ultrasonic guidance, and stereotactic neuronavigation
Authors: Wilson Thomas J. , Stetler William R. , Al-Holou Wajd N. , Sullivan Stephen E. 
Published: January 2013

Object
The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of 3 methods of ventricular catheter placement during CSF shunt operations: the freehand technique using surface anatomy, ultrasonic guidance, and stereotactic neuronavigation.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included all patients from a single institution who underwent a ventricular CSF shunting procedure in which a new ventricular catheter was placed between January 2005 and March 2010. Data abstracted for each patient included age, sex, diagnosis, method of ventricular catheter placement, site and side of ventricular catheter placement, Evans ratio, and bifrontal ventricular span. Postoperative radiographic studies were reviewed for accuracy of ventricular catheter placement. Medical records were also reviewed for evidence of shunt failure requiring revision through December 2011. Statistical analysis was then performed comparing the 3 methods of ventricular catheter placement and to determine risk factors for inaccurate placement.

Results
There were 249 patients included in the study; 170 ventricular catheters were freehand passed, 51 were placed using stereotactic neuronavigation, and 28 were placed under intraoperative ultrasonic guidance. There was a statistically significant difference between freehand catheters and stereotactic-guided catheters (p < 0.001), as well as between freehand catheters and ultrasound-guided catheters (p < 0.001). The only risk factor for inaccurate placement identified in this study was use of the freehand technique. The use of stereotactic neuronavigation and ultrasonic guidance reduced proximal shunt failure rates (p < 0.05) in comparison with a freehand technique.

Conclusions
Stereotactic- and ultrasound-guided ventricular catheter placements are significantly more accurate than freehand placement, and the use of these intraoperative guidance techniques reduced proximal shunt failure in this study.
Venous preservation–guided resection: a changing paradigm in parasagittal meningioma surgery
Authors: Tomasello Francesco , Conti Alfredo , Cardali Salvatore , Angileri Filippo Flavio 
Published: January 2013

Object
Surgical treatment of parasagittal meningiomas is challenging. Preserving the venous outflow is the key point, but this may preclude radical resection. Different surgical strategies have been proposed. To contribute to the debate on the optimal strategy for treating these tumors, a single-institutional, single-surgeon series of patients with parasagittal meningiomas was analyzed and the available literature reviewed.

Methods
Clinical charts of patients with parasagittal meningioma, managed at the University of Messina between 1988 and 2008, were retrospectively reviewed. A microsurgical resection, the goal of which was to preserve the venous outflow, was performed. Only if the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) was angiographically occluded, but if alternative venous outflow was clearly recognized, was the tumor resected, together with the sinus without further flow restoration. A MEDLINE review of the literature published between 1955 and 2011 was performed.

Results
Long-term follow-up (mean 80 months) data obtained in 67 patients with meningiomas involving the SSS were analyzed. The recurrence rate was 10.4%; the morbidity and mortality rates were 10.4% and 4.5%, respectively. The authors identified in the literature 19 relevant studies on this issue, and based on their review of the literature, there is no evidence that aggressive management offers an advantage in terms of recurrence rate.

Conclusions
Analysis of the data obtained in the 67 patients confirmed good outcome and long-term tumor control following a surgical strategy aimed to preserve venous outflow. These findings and the results of the authors' analysis of the literature emphasize that the goal of radical tumor resection should be balanced by an awareness of the increased surgical risk attendant on aggressive management of the SSS and bridging veins.
Distinct IDH1/IDH2 mutation profiles in purely insular versus paralimbic WHO Grade II gliomas
Authors: Gozé Catherine , Mansour Lamisse , Rigau Valérie , Duffau Hugues 
Published: January 2013

Object
The molecular profile of diffuse WHO Grade II gliomas involving the insular lobe, with a possible impact on outcome, is controversial. The authors undertook this study to investigate a possible difference of molecular patterns between purely insular Grade II gliomas and paralimbic Grade II gliomas that involve both the insular lobe and the frontal and/or temporal structures.

Methods
From a consecutive series of 47 patients who underwent resection of a Grade II glioma invading the insula, 2 subgroups were identified. The first subgroup included 11 patients with a purely insular tumor. The second subgroup included 36 patients with a paralimbic Grade II glioma also involving the frontal and/or temporal lobe. The authors searched systematically for TP53 mutations, 1p19q codeletion, and IDH1/IDH2 mutations.

Results
There was no significant difference between the 2 subgroups with respect to 1p19q codeletion or TP53 mutations rates. Conversely, IDH1/IDH2 mutations were found in all 11 (100%) of the insular Grade II gliomas but only 20 (55%) of 36 paralimbic Grade II gliomas (p = 0.008). Ten (28%) of the 36 patients in the paralimbic tumor group experienced a malignant transformation, and 6 of them died; whereas neither transformation nor death occurred in the insular tumor group (trend toward significance, p = 0.088).

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate for the first time distinct IDH1/IDH2 and consequently distinct “triplenegative” patterns in purely insular versus paralimbic Grade II gliomas. Such findings could explain discrepancies reported in the literature, because insular and paralimbic gliomas have not been separated in previous reports. These results may enable physicians to refine the management of Grade II gliomas involving the insula according to the presence or lack of invasion of the frontal and/or temporal areas.
Sociodemographic changes over 25 years of pediatric epilepsy surgery at UCLA
Authors: Hauptman Jason S. , Dadour Andrew , Oh Taemin , Baca Christine B. , Vickrey Barbara G. , Vassar Stefanie D. , Sankar Raman , Salamon Noriko , Vinters Harry V. , Mathern Gary W. 
Published: January 2013

Object
Low income, government insurance, and minority status are associated with delayed treatment for neurosurgery patients. Less is known about the influence of referral location and how socioeconomic factors and referral patterns evolve over time. For pediatric epilepsy surgery patients at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), this study determined how referral location and sociodemographic features have evolved over 25 years.

Methods
Children undergoing epilepsy neurosurgery at UCLA (453 patients) were classified by location of residence and compared with clinical epilepsy and sociodemographic factors.

Results
From 1986 to 2010, referrals from Southern California increased (+33%) and referrals from outside of California decreased (−19%). Over the same period, the number of patients with preferred provider organization (PPO) and health maintenance organization (HMO) insurance increased (+148% and +69%, respectively) and indemnity insurance decreased (−96%). Likewise, the number of Hispanics (+117%) and Asians (100%) increased and Caucasians/whites decreased (−24%). The number of insurance companies decreased from 52 carriers per 100 surgical patients in 1986–1990 to 19 per 100 in 2006–2010. Patients living in the Eastern US had a younger age at surgery (−46%), shorter intervals from seizure onset to referral for evaluation (−28%) and from presurgical evaluation to surgery (−61%) compared with patients from Southern California. The interval from seizure onset to evaluation was shorter (−33%) for patients from Los Angeles County compared with those living in non-California Western US states.

Conclusions
Referral locations evolved over 25 years at UCLA, with more cases coming from local regions; the percentage of minority patients also increased. The interval from seizures onset to surgery was shortest for patients living farthest from UCLA but still within the US. Geographic location and race/ethnicity was not associated with differences in becoming seizure free after epilepsy surgery in children.
Percutaneous posterior cervical fusion with the DTRAX Facet System for single-level radiculopathy: results in 60 patients
Authors: McCormack Bruce M. , Bundoc Rafael C. , Ver Mario R. , Ignacio Jose Manuel F. , Berven Sigurd H. , Eyster Edward F. 
Published: January 2013

Object
The authors present 1-year results in 60 patients with cervical radiculopathy due to spondylosis and stenosis that was treated with a bilateral percutaneous facet implant. The implant consists of a screw and washer that distracts and immobilizes the cervical facet for root decompression and fusion. Clinical and radiological results are analyzed.

Methods
Between 2009 and 2011, 60 patients were treated with the DTRAX Facet System in a multicenter prospective single-arm study. All patients had symptomatic clinical radiculopathy, and conservative management had failed. The majority of patients had multilevel radiographically confirmed disease. Only patients with single-level radiculopathy confirmed by history, physical examination, and in some cases confirmatory nerve blocks were included. Patients were assessed preoperatively with Neck Disability Index, visual analog scale, quality of life questionnaire (Short Form-12 version 2), CT scans, MRI, and dynamic radiographs. Surgery was percutaneous posterior bilateral facet implants consisting of a screw and expandable washer and iliac crest bone aspirate. Patients underwent postoperative assessments at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year with validated outcome questionnaires. Alterations of segmental and overall cervical lordosis, foraminal dimensions, device retention and fusion criteria were assessed for up to 1 year with CT reconstructions and radiographs. Fusion criteria were defined as bridging trabecular bone between the facets, translational motion < 2 mm, and angular motion < 5°.

Results
All patients were followed to 1 year postoperatively. Ages in this cohort ranged from 40 to 75 years, with a mean of 53 years. Forty-two patients were treated at C5–6, 8 at C6–7, 7 at C4–5, and 3 at C3–4. Fifty-six had bilateral implants; 4 had unilateral implants due to intraoperative facet fracture (2 patients) and inability to access the facet (2 patients). The Neck Disability Index, Short Form-12 version 2, and visual analog scale scores were significantly improved at 2 weeks and remained significantly improved up to 1 year. At the treated level, 93% had intrafacet bridging trabecular bone on CT scans, translational motion was < 2 mm in 100% and angular movement was < 5° in 83% at the 1-year follow-up. There was no significant change in overall cervical lordosis. There was a 1.6° loss of segmental lordosis at the treated level at 1 year that was significant. Foraminal width, volume, and posterior disc height was significantly increased at 6 months and returned to baseline levels at 1 year. There was no significant decrease in foraminal width and height at adjacent levels. There were no reoperations or surgery- or device-related complications, including implant failure or retained hardware.

Conclusions
Results indicate that the DTRAX Facet System is safe and effective for treatment of cervical radiculopathy.
Reproduction, growth, and defense trade‐offs vary with gender and reproductive allocation in Ilex glabra (Aquifoliaceae)
Authors: Buckley Nicholas E. , Avila‐Sakar Germán 
Published: January 2013

• Premise of the study: Male‐biased herbivory in dioecious species is expected as a consequence of selection for increased resistance (reduced attack) in the sex with higher reproductive costs—females. Empirical support of this prediction is taxonomically restricted and fraught with exceptions. Phenological changes in resource allocation to reproduction may change the trade‐offs among functions in a sex‐specific fashion, and may eliminate male‐biased herbivory.• Methods: We investigated variation in trade‐offs among reproduction, growth, and defense in relation to the reproductive period, and whether females were more resistant and less tolerant (maintaining fitness upon damage) than males in a natural population of Ilex glabra in Nova Scotia. We subjected plants to partial or full defoliation treatments during and after flowering in 2006 and before flowering in 2007, and measured their growth and reproductive output in 2007. We assessed resistance to herbivory using the proportion of leaf damage found on leaves obtained from the defoliation treatment.• Key results: Contrary to theoretical predictions, we did not find male‐biased herbivory. Males were more tolerant than females to being partially defoliated before or after flowering. Regardless of sex, plants either fully or overcompensated after partial defoliation, and under‐compensated in response to full defoliation, except when defoliated before flowering. Rather than a trade‐off, we found a weak, positive correlation between resistance and tolerance.• Conclusion: The timing of damage in relation to reproductive phenology influences both resistance and tolerance to herbivory, which must be considered when assessing predictions about gender dimorphism of biotic interactions.
Aux sources des théories positives : contribution à une analyse des changements de paradigme dans la recherche en comptabilité
Authors: Jeanjean Thomas , Ramirez Carlos 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Cet article a pour but de contribuer à l’histoire de la recherche comptable en analysant les facteurs qui permettent d’expliquer le succès des approches dites « positives ». En moins de dix ans, entre 1960 et 1967-1968, la recherche « positive » a pris le pas dans les grandes revues de recherche comptable sur les travaux se rattachant à la tradition « normative ». Les raisons de ce succès ne semblent pas clairement établies. Les propagateurs de l’approche positiviste (Ball et Brown 1968 ; Watts et Zimmerman 1986) mettent bien entendu en avant la fécondité de celle-ci. Leurs critiques soulignent la volonté de puissance, faite d’ostracisme et de dénigrement systématique des approches concurrentes qui les caractérise (Whittington 1987 ; Mouck 1988 ; Williams 1990 ; Mattessich 1995). Alors que les explications fournies par les uns et les autres font plutôt état d’une rupture de la recherche positive avec ce qui l’a précédée, associant ainsi un savoir nouveau à des acteurs nouveaux, nous nous proposons de montrer que l’évolution entre la théorie normative et cette dernière s’est opérée beaucoup plus progressivement. En effet, s’ils ont su tirer parti de la réforme de l’enseignement de la gestion aux États-Unis initiée dès la décennie 1950, les tenants de l’approche positive sont également redevables à leurs prédécesseurs d’avoir amorcé un découplage entre le monde académique et la pratique comptable dans lequel ils se sont engouffrés.
De l'obstination thérapeutique déraisonnable en cancérologie
Authors: Bouleuc Carole , Beaufils François 
Published: January 2013

Résumé La notion d’obstination thérapeutique déraisonnable vient questionner une pratique médicale et soignante traditionnellement orientée vers l’agir – en cancérologie notamment, où l’intégration d’une chimiothérapie dans la démarche de soins palliatifs peut être source de confusion. Poser des repères, discerner – pour l’équipe médicale et soignante – les enjeux d’une décision d’arrêt de soins, améliorer la communication avec le patient et ses proches : un nouveau champ de réflexions s’est ouvert autour du soin en fin de vie des personnes atteintes de cancer.
L'émergence des interprétations : une épistémologie des traces
Authors: Guigue Michèle 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Cet article explore un moment où l’enquête est déjà avancée, celui de l’interprétation des données recueillies. La démarche décrite s’inscrit dans la perspective épistémologique développée par C. Ginzburg : « le paradigme indiciaire ». En prenant appui sur des exemples précis qui ont fonctionné comme déclic, nous montrerons comment des détails et des traces attirent l’attention, peuvent devenir des indices signifiants qui ouvrent des pistes et des développements imprévus. Ces analyses permettront d’aborder des questions théorico-méthodologiques : quelle articulation entre intuition et recherche systématique de traces ?, quelles modalités de passage de discours singuliers à des régularités transversales?, jusqu’à quel point se passe-t-on de références issues du patrimoine des connaissances ?
Contrôle et autocensure dans l'enquête ethnographique. Pour une éthique minimaliste
Authors: Marchive Alain 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Dans son travail de terrain, l’ethnographe est amené à établir des relations de familiarité avec les enquêtés. Dans le même temps, il est confronté à des attentes plus ou moins explicites de ceux-ci, qu’il ne peut pas toujours ignorer. Les situations de restitution, à l’issue de la recherche, sont une manière de répondre à ces attentes. Mais dans de nombreux cas, l’ethnographe doit prendre des décisions en amont, dans le cours de la recherche : décisions sur ce qu’il faut dire ou ne pas dire, sur ce que l’on peut écrire et ce que l’on doit taire, etc. Dans cet article, l’auteur s’appuiera sur quelques exemples tirés de son expérience d’enquête ethnographique dans un collège, pour montrer les dilemmes devant lesquels se trouve placé l’ethnographe, qu’il s’agisse de la description des situations d’observation, ou de la restitution des propos tenus lors des entretiens de recherche. S’interrogeant sur les phénomènes de contrôle et d’autocensure, il préconise une éthique minimaliste guidée par le souci de ne pas nuire à autrui.
L'ethnographie à l'heure des « bonnes pratiques ». Retour sur une expérience tahitienne
Authors: Salaün Marie 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Cet article veut mettre au jour un faisceau de déterminations qui définissent de nouvelles conditions de travail pour l’anthropologue aujourd’hui : déterminations institutionnelles (modes de financement de la recherche), épistémologiques (place ambiguë du qualitatif ) et déontologiques (rapport enquêteur/enquêtés). Il le fait par un retour réflexif sur un travail de terrain réalisé en Polynésie française dans le cadre d’un programme financé par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche, programme visant à évaluer un dispositif d’enseignement renforcé du tahitien à l’école primaire. Il montre comment la pratique de l’enquête a été influencée par trois contextes : le financement « sur projets », l’injonction de la « pluridisciplinarité », le mot d’ordre de « décolonisation de la recherche » sur les terrains autochtones du Pacifique insulaire.