bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochronology, geochemistry, and geological implications of late Carboniferous – early Permian mafic and felsic intrusive rocks from Urad Zhongqi, western Inner Mongolia
Authors: WANG YINGDE , SUN FENGYUE , LI LIANG , LI RUIHUA , WANG JIAN , XIN WEI 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe mafic and felsic Haertaolegai intrusions crop out in Urad Zhongqi, western Inner Mongolia and are dominated by monzogranite, porphyritic granite, and gabbroic diorite intrusions. We investigate the tectonic setting, geochronology, and anorogenic characteristics of the western Inner Mongolia through field investigation, microscopic and geochemical analyses of samples from the Haertaolegai bimodal intrusions and laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) zircon U–Pb dating of gabbroic diorite and adakitic granites. Petrographic and geochemical studies of the bimodal intrusions indicate that the gabbroic diorites formed from a primary magma generated by the partial melting of lithospheric mantle material that had previously been modified by subduction-related fluids. The felsic rocks are high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous, have characteristics of adakitic rocks and were generated during the partial melting of juvenile crustal material. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the felsic portion of this pluton was emplaced during late Carboniferous – early Permian time, with the mafic portion of the pluton emplaced during early Permian time. The zircons of adamellites have ɛHf(t) values andTDM2ages of +1.0 to +2.7 and 1032–1128 Ma, respectively, suggesting that they formed from magmas generated by partial melting of juvenile Mesoproterozoic lower crust. These data, combined with the geology of the region, indicate that the late Carboniferous – early Permian bimodal intrusive rocks in western Inner Mongolia record a transitional period from collisional compression to post-collisional extension. These results indicate that the Paleo-Asian Ocean in western Inner Mongolia closed before 300 Ma.
Revisiting the Debate on Constructing a Theory of International Relations with Chinese Characteristics
Authors: Noesselt Nele 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAfter decades of policy learning and adoption of “Western” theories of international politics, the Chinese academic community has (re-)turned to the construction of a “Chinese” theory framework. This article examines the recent academic debates on theory with “Chinese characteristics” and sheds light on their historical and philosophical foundations. It argues that the search for a “Chinese” paradigm of international relations theory is part of China's quest for national identity and global status. As can be concluded from the analysis of these debates, “Chinese” theories of international politics are expected to fulfil two general functions – to safeguard China's national interests and to legitimize the one-party system.
An empirical understanding of use of internal analogies in conceptual design
Authors: Srinivasan V. , Chakrabarti Amaresh , Lindemann Udo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInternal analogies are created if the knowledge of source domain is obtained only from the cognition of designers. In this paper, an understanding of the use of internal analogies in conceptual design is developed by studying: the types of internal analogies; the roles of internal analogies; the influence of design problems on the creation of internal analogies; the role of experience of designers on the use of internal analogies; the levels of abstraction at which internal analogies are searched in target domain, identified in source domain, and realized in the target domain; and the effect of internal analogies from the natural and artificial domains on the solution space created using these analogies. To facilitate this understanding, empirical studies of design sessions from earlier research, each involving a designer solving a design problem by identifying requirements and developing conceptual solutions, without using any support, are used. The following are the important findings: designers use analogies from the natural and artificial domains; analogies are used for generating requirements and solutions; the nature of the design problem influences the use of analogies; the role of experience of designers on the use of analogies is not clearly ascertained; analogical transfer is observed only at few levels of abstraction while many levels remain unexplored; and analogies from the natural domain seem to have more positive influence than the artificial domain on the number of ideas and variety of idea space.
Neutrino oscillation studies with reactors
Authors: Vogel P. , Wen L.J. , Zhang C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNuclear reactors are one of the most intense, pure, controllable, cost-effective and well-understood sources of neutrinos. Reactors have played a major role in the study of neutrino oscillations, a phenomenon that indicates that neutrinos have mass and that neutrino flavours are quantum mechanical mixtures. Over the past several decades, reactors were used in the discovery of neutrinos, were crucial in solving the solar neutrino puzzle, and allowed the determination of the smallest mixing angle θ13. In the near future, reactors will help to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to solve the puzzling issue of sterile neutrinos.
Ultra-Small, High-Frequency and Substrate-Immune Microtube Inductors Transformed from 2D to 3D
Authors: Yu Xin , Huang Wen , Li Moyang , Comberiate Thomas M. , Gong Songbin , Schutt-Aine Jose E. , Li Xiuling 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMonolithic on-chip inductors are key passive devices in radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs). Currently, 70–80% of the on-wafer area of most RFIC chips is occupied by the sprawling planar spiral inductors and its operation frequency is limited to a few GHz. With continuous scaling of the transistor technology, miniaturization and high frequency operation of inductors have become the bottleneck to meet future demands of wireless communication systems. Here we report on-chip self-rolled-up 3D microtube inductors with extremely small footprint, unprecedented high frequency performance and weak dependence on substrate conductivity. The serpentine metal strips are deposited on an oppositely strained silicon nitrides (SiNx) bilayer. After releasing from the sacrificial layer underneath, the metal/SiNx layer is scrolled into a 3D hollow tubular structure by the strain induced unidirectional self-rolled-up technology. Compared to the planar spiral inductors with similar inductances and quality (Q) factors, the footprint of tube inductors is reduced by as much as two orders of magnitude and the frequency at peak Q factor improves more than 5 times on doped substrates. The self-rolled-up 3D nanotechnology platform employed here, that “processes in 2D but functions in 3D”, is positioned to serve as a global solution for extreme RFIC miniaturization with improved performance.
Harvesting the Beach Clam Tivela mactroides: Short- and Long-Term Dynamics
Authors: Denadai Márcia Regina , Pombo Maíra , Bernadochi Ligia Coletti , Turra Alexander 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Small-scale fisheries are frequently overlooked for research and management, and their social and environmental impacts are often overlooked as well, preventing the implementation of appropriate actions for their sustainability. Additionally, the dynamics of beach clam fisheries and their importance for local communities are not well understood. A study on the population biology of the clam Tivela mactroides in Caraguatatuba Bay, southeastern Brazil, revealed intense harvesting of this resource by both residents and tourists. To assess the extent and dynamics of clamming, the number of harvesters was recorded during the course of the day in vacation and nonvacation periods throughout 2003–2005 and 2007–2008; the number of other beach users, weather conditions, and tide height were also recorded. The overall amount of clams harvested was estimated based on censuses of clammers and interviews to calculate the amount of clams harvested per collecting event. The intensity and dynamics of the harvesting activity varied on all the temporal scales evaluated. The estimated amount of clams harvested per year decreased from the first (24.6 kg/year) to the second (8.8 kg/year) group of sampling years, presumably due to clam mass-mortality events and smaller shell sizes in 2007–2008, although clam abundance increased enormously. Vacation periods (presence of tourists) influenced the number of harvesters and the daily dynamics of clamming activity, although this relationship was only evident during 2003–2004. The number of harvesters increased with the number of tourists, except in periods of very high tourist activity, when harvesting decreased. Clamming was more widespread during the day under high tourist activity but during nonvacation times was concentrated in morning low-tide periods. Weather had a partial influence on clamming, with harvesters absent only during intense rain occasions. The understanding of the dynamics of this Tivela mactroides fishery highlights key points for planning and implementing management measures, which will involve continuous monitoring of stocks, harvesting, and food safety.
Received February 4, 2014; accepted December 21, 2014
Role Played by Prx1‐Dependent Extracellular Matrix Properties in Vascular Smooth Muscle Development in Embryonic Lungs
Authors: Ihida‐Stansbury Kaori , Ames Juliana , Chokshi Mithil , Aiad Norman , Sanyal Sonali , Kawabata Kimihito C. , Levental Ilya , Sundararaghavan Harini G. , Burdick Jason A. , Janmey Paul , Miyazono Kohei , Wells Rebecca G. , Jones Peter L. 
Published: April 2015

Although there are many studies focusing on the molecular pathways underlying lung vascular morphogenesis, the extracellular matrix (ECM)–dependent regulation of mesenchymal cell differentiation in vascular smooth muscle development needs better understanding. In this study, we demonstrate that the paired related homeobox gene transcription factor Prx1 maintains the elastic ECM properties, which are essential for vascular smooth muscle precursor cell differentiation. We have found that Prx1null mouse lungs exhibit defective vascular smooth muscle development, downregulated elastic ECM expression, and compromised transforming growth factor (TGF)–β localization and signaling. Further characterization of ECM properties using decellularized lung ECM scaffolds derived from Prx1 mice demonstrated that Prx1 is required to maintain lung ECM stiffness. The results of cell culture using stiffness‐controlled 2‐D and 3‐D synthetic substrates confirmed that Prx1‐dependent ECM stiffness is essential for promotion of smooth muscle precursor differentiation for effective TGF‐β stimulation. Supporting these results, both decellularized Prx1null lung ECM and Prx1WT (wild type) ECM scaffolds with blocked TGF‐β failed to support mesenchymal cell to 3‐D smooth muscle cell differentiation. These results suggest a novel ECM‐dependent regulatory pathway of lung vascular development wherein Prx1 regulates lung vascular smooth muscle precursor development by coordinating the ECM biophysical and biochemical properties.
Technology-sourcing investment abroad as an enhancer of Chinese MNEs’ innovative capabilities
Authors: Gugler Philippe , Vanoli Laura 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to focus on Chinese firms’ innovation processes that are induced by foreign direct investment abroad. The study uses a patent and citation analysis to examine the extent to which investments abroad contribute to enhancing these firms’ innovative capabilities. More specifically, this study focusses on the role of foreign location competitiveness as an asset to provide technological capabilities to Chinese affiliates.Design/methodology/approach– Patents are good indicators of firms’ innovative capabilities. Moreover, patents allow to track the inter-firm knowledge transfer through the citations of patents on which they are based. The authors use an OECD patent database called “OECD REGPAT July 2013” that compiles patents registered with the European Patent Office (EPO) over the period from 1986 to 2013. The authors focus the analysis on patents registered by Chinese multinational enterprises’ (MNEs) based in Europe because the authors assume inter alia that innovations patented by Chinese affiliates in Europe are registered with the EPO. The sample comprises 3,010 patents involving 5,749 citations that the authors have individually examined.Findings– The findings suggest that Chinese MNEs ability to generate innovation based on their own knowledge is low, with a self-citation rate of approximately 4 percent. Patents by Chinese MNEs are largely based on foreign patents, especially from developed economies (at least 90 percent). The citation analysis also suggests that 39.2 percent of citations represent domestic firms in the local recipient country. This subgroup of citations is categorized as follows: 1.04 percent are M&A linkages, 13.8 percent are cluster linkages, and 24.36 percent are localization linkages. The remaining 60.8 percent of the total sample demonstrates that firms do not necessarily need to be collocated in foreign locations with domestic firms to exchange assets.Research limitations/implications– Patent and citation analysis considers only a part of the inter-firm knowledge diffusion. Some innovations are not patented and tacit knowledge diffusion is not observable. Moreover, the analysis focusses only on Chinese outward foreign direct investment to Europe, but a large part of knowledge is accumulated in China thanks to inward foreign direct investment.Originality/value– Many scholars have scrutinized emerging markets multinational enterprises’ strategic asset-seeking investments abroad that are designed to upgrade the companies’ technological capabilities (Cui and Jiang, 2009; Zhang and Filippov, 2009; Huang and Wang, 2013; Amighiniet al., 2014; De Beuleet al., 2014; Nicolas, 2014). However, few studies analyze the results of these strategies in terms of innovation output.
Interorganizational network and innovation: a bibliometric study and proposed research agenda
Authors: Dagnino Giovanni Battista , Levanti Gabriella , Minà Anna , Picone Pasquale Massimo 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to explore the latent structure of the literature on interorganizational network and innovation as well as to map the main themes and empirical advances in this research stream.Design/methodology/approach– Using bibliometric coupling, the authors analyze the citation patterns in 67 management studies regarding innovation networks, published in ISI-journals from January 1996 to October 2012.Findings– The authors identify the conceptual orientations that studies share. Bibliometric analysis allows us to draw an overview of how this field of research has developed, recognizing in essence six main clustered research themes: networks as a framework that sustains firm innovativeness in specific contexts; network dimensions and knowledge processes; networks as a means to access and share resources/knowledge; the interplay between firm and network characteristics and its effects on innovative processes; empirical research on networks in highly dynamic industries; and the influence of industry knowledge domain’s peculiarities on network dimensions and characteristics.Research limitations/implications– By providing a comprehensive survey of current trends in the literature on interorganizational network and innovation, the authors eventually identify the major gaps in our knowledge and help refocusing the current research agenda in this increasingly relevant research stream.Practical implications– The systematic introduction to the field of innovation networks is of notable interest to scholars and practitioners, who have (or desire to have) some awareness in the topic. Here, practitioners may find their compass to acquire some knowledge on innovation networks and orient their choices.Originality/value– First, the spatially organized picture of the intellectual structure of the literature the authors offer is the initial thought-out comprehensive introduction to the field of on interorganizational network and innovation. Second, by developing a thorough bibliometric analysis of the extant bulk of the innovation networks literature, the authors develop specific methodological contribution. Third, we are able to map the intellectual structure in a two-dimensional space to visualize spatial distances between intellectual themes.
Innovative and networked business functions: customer-driven procurement
Authors: Tunisini Annalisa , Sebastiani Roberta 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to highlight the evolving and articulated role of purchasing as a “mediator” between the company’s customers and suppliers, thus showing the opportunities connected to the evolution of purchasing from a business function to a strategic business for companies.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper reports on an in-depth analysis to investigate the case of IBM, which turned to the offering of services to transform itself from a pure product manufacturer into an outstanding service provider.

Findings
– The paper shows that as the company’s business strategy becomes focused on client value, its success is strongly dependent on the development of a customer-driven procurement. The evolution of the role of procurement is accompanied by the growing integration between the company’s procurement and sales functions, as well as by the growing interconnection and interaction between the procurement function and the company’s clients.

Originality/value
– The paper applies the conceptual approach and theoretical tools connected to servitization and procurement development processes to an innovative case study. The results make possible original suggestions both for literatures and management practices.
Knowledge transfer between actors in the innovation system: a study of higher education institutions (HEIS) and SMES
Authors: Corral de Zubielqui Graciela , Jones Janice , Seet Pi-Shen , Lindsay Noel 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to understand how and why small to medium enterprises (SMEs) access knowledge from external actors in general and from higher education institutions (HEIs) in particular and what is the extent to which these knowledge access pathways affect SME innovativeness.Design/methodology/approach– The paper involved both quantitative and qualitative approaches: a survey of 1,226 SMEs and a mini case study to follow-up on issues arising from the survey analysis. Survey data were analysed using both non-parametric and multivariate Poisson regression analysis. The case study was based on a medium-sized manufacturing firm in South Australia.Findings– While there are significant differences between the micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, the evidence suggests that SMEs generally use “generic” university–industry knowledge transfer pathways (e.g. published research results) rather than university–industry links with high “relational” involvement. More significantly, the results indicate that SMEs are more likely to rely on organisations other than universities and related R&D enterprises for knowledge acquisition like clients/customers or suppliers. While collaboration is most likely to occur within the same state/territory, or Australia, many SMEs also collaborate internationally, usually as part of normal supplier–customer relationships, reinforcing knowledge acquisition from organisationally proximate partners. These findings are also supported by the case study.Research limitations/implications– This research was limited to surveying SMEs in one geographic (metropolitan) region in Australia. It also does not account for the different patterns of HEI–SME interactions in different industry sectors. There is also only one case study.Originality/value– First, the research adds to the few field studies that have investigated accessing knowledge for innovation among SMEs. Specifically, the research contributes to an understanding of the heterogeneous roles that different actors play in facilitating knowledge access for improving innovative SMEs outcomes. Second, the research does not treat all SMEs similarly in terms of size effects but instead accounts for differing SME sizes and how this affects their selection of knowledge access pathways. Third, the research contributes to a small number of studies that attempt to understand how HEIs and SMEs can work better together in the context of a regional innovation system, especially one that is relatively less competitive to the larger economy.
Drivers of institutional innovation in networks: unleashing the innovation potential of domesticated markets
Authors: Van Bockhaven Wouter MG , Matthyssens Paul , Vandenbempt Koen 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to apply innovation networks (INs) theory to the context of domesticated markets, where innovation triggers deinstitutionalization. In such contexts, the success of INs depends on their capacity to transform the business field in which they are embedded, so that it accommodates innovative business models. Such “institutional INs” beget a meso-level finality, and this poses different requirement on their effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to confront extant models of collaborative innovation in networks with this specific context to offer exploratory insights into how innovation can be achieved in domesticated contexts and what the differential implications are for network configurations and strategic “reinstitutionalization” practices.Design/methodology/approach– Based on an illustrative embedded case study in the Dutch steel industry, a framework offering indications on the effectiveness of discrete configurational dimensions and their fit with reinstitutionalization practices for institutional INs is suggested. The case builds on 26 semi-structured interviews and 4 focus groups with top managers in the industry. As the aim is to extend theoretical models of INs to this under-researched context, an abductive approach to theorizing, consistent with the extended case method, is adopted.Findings– Findings suggest that collaborating to redesign an institutionalized business field collectively implies a more explicit attention to interdependencies within the business field.Practical implications– Besides suggesting modifications to extant frames regarding heterogeneity in and the configuration of networks, this paper has some practical implications. The framework proposed offers managers some support in the largely ignored issue of developing a collective action network. With these findings, we aspire to stimulate further research into this relevant, yet underdeveloped, topic.Originality/value– The study extends IN theory toward innovation realization in domesticated contexts. In such contexts, IN’s success depends on their capacity to transform the business field in which they are embedded, so that it enables innovative ways of creating end-customer value. Besides suggesting a new area for theorizing about innovation networks, institutional innovation networks are also a useful template for institutional innovation and collective action research. The paper offers a framework to support managers in the largely ignored challenge of developing a collective action network. In an increasingly transparent, connected and consolidated business environment, such a challenge becomes ever more essential.