bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’écriture du spectacle Seuls de Wajdi Mouawad : poétique et détours transculturels
Authors: Fisher Dominique D. 
Published: August 2013

DansSeuls, Wajdi Mouawad exploite une nouvelle forme de transposition d’écriture scénique qu’il nomme « polyphonie d’écriture ». Ce texte se donne comme le produit d’une pratique théâtrale polymorphe qui met en dialogue plusieurs arts et/ou médias sur l’espace de la page. Cet article examine les multiples facettes de cette pratique scripturale dans un contexte transculturel et post-orientaliste ainsi que la manière dont Mouawad met en crise les modèles artaudien et lepagien qu’il recycle.
Implications for Osmorespiratory Compromise by Anatomical Remodeling in the Gills of Arapaima gigas
Authors: Ramos Cleverson Agner , Fernandes Marisa Narciso , da Costa Oscar Tadeu Ferreira , Duncan Wallice Paxiuba 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe gill structure of the Amazonian fish Arapaima gigas, an obligatory air breather, was investigated during its transition from water breathing to the obligatory air breathing modes of respiration. The gill structure of A. gigas larvae is similar to that of most teleost fish; however, the morphology of the gills changes as the fish grow. The main morphological changes in the gill structure of a growing fish include the following: (1) intense cell proliferation in the filaments and lamellae, resulting in increasing epithelial thickness and decreasing interlamellar distance; (2) pillar cell system atrophy, which reduces the blood circulation through the lamellae; (3) the generation of long cytoplasmic processes from the epithelial cells into the intercellular space, resulting in continuous and sinuous paracellular channels between the epithelial cells of the filament and lamella that may be involved in gas, ion, and nutrient transport to epithelial cells; and (4) intense mitochondria‐rich cell (MRC) proliferation in the lamellar epithelium. All of these morphological changes in the gills contribute to a low increase of the respiratory surface area for gas exchange and an increase in the water–blood diffusion distance increasing their dependence on air‐breathing as fish developed. The increased proliferation of MRCs may contribute to increased ion uptake, which favors the regulation of ion content and pH equilibrium. Anat Rec, 296:1664–1675, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ATG8 IN LEPIDOPTERAN INSECT CELLS
Authors: Gai Zhongchao , Zhang Xiaojuan , Islam Mayira , Wang Xia , Li Aiying , Yang Yongbo , Li Yi , Peng Jianxin , Hong Huazhu , Liu Kaiyu 
Published: August 2013

Yeast Atg8 and mammalian microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) are landmark proteins essential for autophagy. Here the lepidopteran Atg8, a homolog of LC3, is characterized. Sequence analysis reveals that Atg8 proteins are highly conserved in lepidopteran species. The abundance of endogeous Atg8 and the ratios of Atg8 conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (Atg8‐PE)/Atg8 are different among several lepidopteran cell lines and different tissues of Helicoverpa armigera larvae. Both the density of fluorescent pre‐autophagosomal structures with GFP‐Ha Atg8 and the abundance of Atg6 are positively correlated with levels of Atg8‐PE in different cell lines. The mutant GFP‐Atg8G116A has lost the function in punctual formation, suggesting that G116 is important for autophagy.Exogenous factors have significant influences on the conversion of Atg8 in lepidopteran cells. Bacillus thuringiensis enhances the degradation of Atg8 in Spodoptera litura Sl‐HP cells. Atg8‐PE degrades gradually with extension of amino acid starvation, and bafilomycin A1 can block the decrease through the inhibition of autophagosome fusion with lysosome. Interestingly, high pH is more effective than amino acid starvation in Bombyx mori Bme cells to induce the conversion of BmAtg8 to BmAgt8‐PE. Change of the quality of fetal bovine serum in the culture medium results in alteration of the ratio of Atg8‐PE/Atg8 in some lepidopteran cell lines.
Three‐dimensional culture of differentiated endometrial stromal cells to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in fibrin hydrogel
Authors: Asmani Mohammad Nabi , Ai Jafar , Amoabediny Ghasem , Noroozi Abbas , Azami Mahmoud , Ebrahimi‐Barough Somayeh , Navaei‐Nigjeh Mona , Ai Armin , Jafarabadi Mina 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNeural tissue engineering is one of the most promising strategies for treatment of nerve tissue injuries. Three‐dimensional (3D) environment mimics in vivo conditions for cells. 3D distribution and growth of the cells within the scaffold are both important for neural tissue engineering. In this study, endometrial stromal cell‐derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (EnSC‐derived OPCs) were cultured in fibrin gel and cell differentiation and viability were evaluated after 8 days of post‐culture. The structural and mechanical characteristics of fibrin gel‐like scaffold were examined with rheological analysis. EnSCs were isolated from donor tissue and were induced to OPCs with growth factors (FGF2/EGF/PDGF‐AA) for 12 days, then were cultured in fibrin gel with Triiodothyronine (T3) medium for another 8 days. The viability of cells was analyzed using MTT assay for a period of 8 days culturing in a fibrin matrix. Structure of fibrin matrix and cell morphology was analyzed with SEM. TEM, immunostaining and quantitative RT‐PCR was performed for OPCs markers after cell culturing in fibrin matrix. Cell viability is enhanced in fibrin matrix after 8 days. SEM and TEM show that cells are in good integration with nano‐fibers. Moreover, immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT‐PCR of OPCs differentiation markers showed that Olig2, Sox10, PDGFRa, CNP, and A2B5 are expressed after 8 days culturing within fibrin matrix. Fibrin can provide a suitable 3‐D scaffold for EnSCs differentiated cells for the regeneration of CNS.
Heteroleptic Tin(II) Initiators for the Ring‐Opening (Co)Polymerization of Lactide and Trimethylene Carbonate: Mechanistic Insights from Experiments and Computations
Authors: Wang Lingfang , Kefalidis Christos E. , Sinbandhit Sourisak , Dorcet Vincent , Carpentier Jean‐François , Maron Laurent , Sarazin Yann 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe tin(II) complexes {LOx}Sn(X) ({LOx}−=aminophenolate ancillary) containing amido (1–4), chloro (5), or lactyl (6) coligands (X) promote the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters. Complex 6, which models the first insertion of L‐lactide, initiates the living ROP of L‐LA on its own, but the amido derivatives 1–4 require the addition of alcohol to do so. Upon addition of one to ten equivalents of iPrOH, precatalysts 1–4 promote the ROP of trimethylene carbonate (TMC); yet, hardly any activity is observed if tert‐butyl (R)‐lactate is used instead of iPrOH. Strong inhibition of the reactivity of TMC is also detected for the simultaneous copolymerization of L‐LA and TMC, or for the block copolymerization of TMC after that of L‐LA. Experimental and computational data for the {LOx}Sn(OR) complexes (OR=lactyl or lactidyl) replicating the active species during the tin(II)‐mediated ROP of L‐LA demonstrate that the formation of a five‐membered chelate is largely favored over that of an eight‐membered one, and that it constitutes the resting state of the catalyst during this (co)polymerization. Comprehensive DFT calculations show that, out of the four possible monomer insertion sequences during simultaneous copolymerization of L‐LA and TMC: 1) TMC then TMC, 2) TMC then L‐LA, 3) L‐LA then L‐LA, and 4) L‐LA then TMC, the first three are possible. By contrast, insertion of L‐LA followed by that of TMC (i.e., insertion sequence 4) is endothermic by +1.1 kcal mol−1, which compares unfavorably with consecutive insertions of two L‐LA units (i.e., insertion sequence 3) (−10.2 kcal mol−1). The copolymerization of L‐LA and TMC thus proceeds under thermodynamic control.
Distinct roles of Drosophila cacophony and Dmca1D Ca2+ channels in synaptic homeostasis: Genetic interactions with slowpoke Ca2+‐activated BK channels in presynaptic excitability and postsynaptic response
Authors: Lee Jihye , Ueda Atsushi , Wu Chun‐Fang 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTCa2+ influx through voltage‐activated Ca2+ channels and its feedback regulation by Ca2+‐activated K+ (BK) channels is critical in Ca2+‐dependent cellular processes, including synaptic transmission, growth and homeostasis. Here we report differential roles of cacophony (CaV2) and Dmca1D (CaV1) Ca2+ channels in synaptic transmission and in synaptic homeostatic regulations induced by slowpoke (slo) BK channel mutations. At Drosophila larval neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), a well‐established homeostatic mechanism of transmitter release enhancement is triggered by experimentally suppressing postsynaptic receptor response. In contrast, a distinct homeostatic adjustment is induced by slo mutations. To compensate for the loss of BK channel control presynaptic Sh K+ current is upregulated to suppress transmitter release, coupled with a reduction in quantal size. We demonstrate contrasting effects of cac and Dmca1D channels in decreasing transmitter release and muscle excitability, respectively, consistent with their predominant pre‐ vs. postsynaptic localization. Antibody staining indicated reduced postsynaptic GluRII receptor subunit density and altered ratio of GluRII A and B subunits in slo NMJs, leading to quantal size reduction. Such slo‐triggered modifications were suppressed in cac;;slo larvae, correlated with a quantal size reversion to normal in double mutants, indicating a role of cac Ca2+ channels in slo‐triggered homeostatic processes. In Dmca1D;slo double mutants, the quantal size and quantal content were not drastically different from those of slo, although Dmca1D suppressed the slo‐induced satellite bouton overgrowth. Taken together, cac and Dmca1D Ca2+ channels differentially contribute to functional and structural aspects of slo‐induced synaptic modifications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 1–15, 2014
Making scent of the presence and local translation of odorant receptor mRNAs in olfactory axons
Authors: Dubacq Caroline , Fouquet Coralie , Trembleau Alain 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTRodents contain in their genome more than 1000 functional odorant receptor genes, which are specifically expressed by the olfactory sensory neurons projecting from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb. Strong evidence for the presence and local translation of odorant receptor mRNAs in the axon of olfactory sensory neurons was obtained, but no function has been assigned to these axonal mRNAs yet. The aim of this review is to discuss the evidence for the presence and local translation of odorant receptor mRNAs in olfactory sensory axons, and to speculate on their possible function in the wiring of the mouse olfactory sensory projections. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 259–268, 2014
Optimization of the Protonation Level of Polyaniline‐Based Hole‐Transport Layers in Bulk‐Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Abdulrazzaq Omar , Bourdo Shawn E. , Saini Viney , Bairi Venu G. , Dervishi Enkeleda , Viswanathan Tito , Nima Zeid A. , Biris Alexandru S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this work, polyaniline (PANI) protonated with various levels of camphor sulfonic acid (HCSA) has been used as a hole‐transport layer (HTL) in organic bulk‐heterojunction solar cells. Polyaniline with three different protonation levels was inserted between poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) and the indium‐tin oxide (ITO) glass transparent electrode to explore the effects of varying the protonation level to optimize the hole‐transport properties. The three protonation concentrations (in molar ratios) of PANI are zero‐protonated (PANI/HCSA, 1:0), half‐protonated (PANI/HCSA, 1:1), and fully protonated (PANI/HCSA, 1:2) thin films. Current–voltage measurements under AM 1.5 conditions revealed that a conversion efficiency of 1.3 % was achieved if half‐protonated PANI was used as the HTL. Several analytical methods were utilized for characterizing PANI to understand the effects of the protonation level on the electrical, optoelectronic, and structural characteristics, and their correlation with final device properties.
The role of CO2 variability and exposure time for biological impacts of ocean acidification
Authors: Shaw Emily C. , Munday Philip L. , McNeil Ben I. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBiological impacts of ocean acidification have mostly been studied using future levels of CO2 without consideration of natural variability or how this modulates both duration and magnitude of CO2 exposure. Here we combine results from laboratory studies on coral reef fish with diurnal in situ CO2 data from a shallow coral reef, to demonstrate how natural variability alters exposure times for marine organisms under increasingly high‐CO2 conditions. Large in situ CO2 variability already results in exposure of coral reef fish to short‐term CO2 levels higher than laboratory‐derived critical CO2 levels (~600 µatm). However, we suggest that the in situ exposure time is presently insufficient to induce negative effects observed in laboratory studies. Our results suggest that both exposure time and the magnitude of CO2 levels will be important in determining the response of organisms to future ocean acidification, where both will increase markedly with future increases in CO2.
Trends in Fracture Incidence: A Population-Based Study Over 20 Years
Authors: Amin Shreyasee , Achenbach Sara J , Atkinson Elizabeth J , Khosla Sundeep , Melton L Joseph 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

To assess recent trends in fracture incidence from all causes at all skeletal sites, we used the comprehensive (inpatient and outpatient) data resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to estimate rates for Olmsted County, MN, USA, residents in 2009 to 2011 compared with similar data from 1989 to 1991. During the 3-year study period, 2009 to 2011, 3549 residents ≥50 years of age experienced 5244 separate fractures. The age- and sex-adjusted (to the 2010 US white population) incidence of any fracture was 2704 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 2614 to 2793) and that for all fractures was 4017 per 100,000 (95% CI 3908 to 4127). Fracture incidence increased with age in both sexes, but age-adjusted rates were 49% greater among the women. Overall, comparably adjusted fracture incidence rates increased by 11% (from 3627 to 4017 per 100,000 person-years; p = 0.008) between 1989 to 1991 and 2009 to 2011. This was mainly attributable to a substantial increase in vertebral fractures (+47% for both sexes combined), which was partially offset by a decline in hip fractures (−25%) among the women. There was also a 26% reduction in distal forearm fractures among the women; an increase in distal forearm fractures among men aged 50 years and over was not statistically significant. The dramatic increase in vertebral fractures, seen in both sexes and especially after age 75 years, was attributable in part to incidentally diagnosed vertebral fractures. However, the fall in hip fracture incidence, observed in most age groups, continues the steady decline observed among women in this community since 1950. More generally, these data indicate that the dramatic increases in the incidence of fractures at many skeletal sites that were observed decades ago have now stabilized. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sc65 Is a Novel Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein That Regulates Bone Mass Homeostasis
Authors: Gruenwald Katrin , Castagnola Patrizio , Besio Roberta , Dimori Milena , Chen Yuqing , Akel Nisreen S , Swain Frances L , Skinner Robert A , Eyre David R , Gaddy Dana , Suva Larry J , Morello Roy 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Members of the Leprecan family of proteins include enzymes, prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 (P3h1), P3h2, and P3h3, and nonenzymatic proteins, Crtap and Sc65. Mutations in CRTAP and LEPRE1 (encoding P3H1) have been associated with human disease such as recessive osteogenesis imperfecta; however, the function of Sc65, which is closely related and highly homologous to Crtap, is unknown. Sc65 has been described as a synaptonemal complex protein, a nucleolar protein, and a cytoplasmic adapter protein. In light of its high sequence similarity with Crtap, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein, and the importance of post-translational modifications such as collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation in bone metabolism, we hypothesized that Sc65 was an ER-resident protein that would have an important role in bone homeostasis. In this study, we demonstrate that Sc65 is a previously unrecognized ER protein and that it does not localize in the nucleus of somatic cells. Moreover, Sc65 is expressed and functional during skeletal development because loss of Sc65 results in a progressive osteopenia that affects both trabecular and cortical bone. Bone loss is the result of increased bone resorption mediated by a non-cell–autonomous effect on osteoclasts. Therefore, Sc65, like its related family member Crtap, is an important modulator of bone homeostasis, acting as a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
The Diadenosine Homodinucleotide P18 Improves In Vitro Myelination in Experimental Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth Type 1A
Authors: Nobbio Lucilla , Visigalli Davide , Mannino Elena , Fiorese Fulvia , Kassack Matthias U. , Sturla Laura , Prada Valeria , De Flora Antonio , Zocchi Elena , Bruzzone Santina , Schenone Angelo 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTCharcot‐Marie‐Tooth 1A (CMT1A) is a demyelinating hereditary neuropathy whose pathogenetic mechanisms are still poorly defined and an etiologic treatment is not yet available. An abnormally high intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) occurs in Schwann cells from CMT1A rats (CMT1A SC) and is caused by overexpression of the purinoceptor P2X7. Normalization of the Ca2+ levels through down‐regulation of P2X7 appears to restore the normal phenotype of CMT1A SC in vitro. We recently demonstrated that the diadenosine 5′,5′′′‐P1, P2‐diphosphate (Ap2A) isomer P18 behaves as an antagonist of the P2X7 purinergic receptor, effectively blocking channel opening induced by ATP. In addition, P18 behaves as a P2Y11 agonist, inducing cAMP overproduction in P2Y11‐overexpressing cells. Here we investigated the in vitro effects of P18 on CMT1A SC. We observed that basal levels of intracellular cAMP ([cAMP]i), a known regulator of SC differentiation and myelination, are significantly lower in CMT1A SC than in wild‐type (wt) cells. P18 increased [cAMP]i in both CMT1A and wt SC, and this effects was blunted by NF157, a specific P2Y11 antagonist. Prolonged treatment of organotypic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cultures with P18 significantly increased expression of myelin protein zero, a marker of myelin production, in both CMT1A and wt cultures. Interestingly, P18 decreased the content of non‐phosphorylated neurofilaments, a marker of axonal damage, only in CMT1A DRG cultures. These results suggest that P2X7 antagonists, in combination with [cAMP]i‐increasing agents, could represent a therapeutic strategy aimed at correcting the molecular derangements causing the CMT1A phenotype. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 161–167, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Herpesvirus detection and cytokine levels (IL‐10, IL‐6, and IFN‐γ) in ocular fluid from Tunisian immunocompetent patients with uveitis
Authors: Nahdi Imen , Abdelwahed Rym Ben , Boukoum Hannen , Bressollette‐Bodin Celine , Attia Sonia , Yahia Salim Ben , Fisson Sylvain , Khairallah Moncef , Aouni Mahjoub 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHuman herpesviruses (HHVs) are involved in the pathogenesis of different types of uveitis. Cytokine response plays an important role in virus‐induced immunopathology. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of HHVs in aqueous humor samples of immunocompetent patients with suspected viral uveitis and cytokine (IL‐10, IL‐6, and IFN‐γ) expression profiling. Forty‐seven aqueous humor samples were collected from immunocompetent patients with viral uveitis. Samples were assayed for HHV‐1 to HHV‐8 by in‐house real‐time polymerase chain reactions. IL‐6, IL‐10, and IFN‐γ were quantified with a cytometric bead array. Relations between viral detection, cytokine profiles, and clinical data were studied. At least one viral genome was detected in 21 aqueous humor samples analyzed. Varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) was detected in 14 of the positive samples, cytomegalovirus (CMV) in 8, HSV‐1 in 1, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in 4, and HHV‐6 in 2. More than one viral genome was detected in seven aqueous humor samples. Aqueous humor samples positive for HHV‐DNA contained significant levels of IL‐6, IL‐10, and IFN‐γ, compared to HHV‐DNA negative samples. High levels of IL‐6 were detected in patients with CMV‐DNA in their aqueous humor samples. Significantly higher levels of IL‐10 and IFN‐γ were found in positive samples for VZV, EBV, and HHV‐6 DNA than in negative aqueous humor ones. VZV was the principal etiologic agent of uveitis in this Tunisian series, with CMV the second most common agent. Knowledge of immunoregulatory interactions and dynamic changes in viral uveitis may be a key to understand the pathogenesis leading to more‐effective treatments. J. Med. Virol. 85:2079–2086, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Green's function approach for modeling of electrostatic effects in nanoscale fully depleted double‐gate silicon‐on‐insulator metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors
Authors: Sharma Rajiv , Pandey Sujata , Jain Shail Bala 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTExact solution of two‐dimensional (2D) Poisson's equation for fully depleted double‐gate silicon‐on‐insulator metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor is derived using three‐zone Green's function solution technique. Framework consists of consideration of source–drain junction curvature. 2D potential profile obtained forms the basis for estimation of threshold voltage. Temperature dependence of front surface potential distribution, back surface potential distribution and front‐gate threshold voltage are modeled using temperature sensitive parameters. Applying newly developed model, surface potential and threshold voltage sensitivities to gate oxide thickness have been comprehensively investigated. Device simulation is performed using ATLAS 2D (SILVACO, 4701 Patrick Henry Drive, Bldg. Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA) device simulator, and the results obtained are compared with the proposed 2D model. The model results are found to be in good agreement with the simulated data. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aluminum resistance and cell‐wall characteristics of pineapple root apices
Authors: Lin Yong‐Hong , Chen Jen‐Hshuan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merrill) is one of the economically cultivated crops in Taiwan, which is grown mostly on acid soil. Aluminum (Al) is phytotoxic and sometimes inhibits root growth of crops in strongly acid soils. This study was conducted to evaluate the role in Al resistance of root‐apex cell walls of four important pineapple cultivars (Cayenne, Tainung No. 6, Tainung No. 13, and Tainung No. 17). The cell‐wall characteristics of root apices were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and solid‐state 13C‐nuclear–magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C‐NMR). The results show that the carboxylic and phenolic groups were highest in the cell wall of Tainung No.17 and lowest in that of Cayenne. Aluminum adsorption by cell wall could be described by Freundlich equation. The adsorption of Al by the cell wall of root apices was highest in Tainung No.17 and lowest in Cayenne. Tainung No.17 contained more carboxylic and phenolic groups in its cell wall of the root apices, causing more Al adsorption and so more damage to its root apices than that of the other three pineapple cultivars.