bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocrust as a surface protection of erodible nebkhas
Authors: Tan Ning‐Jing , Luo Xiao‐Mei , Wang Zhen‐Ting 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince the timescale of a nebkha from the initial formation to the eventual destruction might be 1 to 200 years, little is known about the whole evolutionary path. In the phase of erosion and deflation, nebkhas are usually one source of aeolian sand and dust. Biocrust, a common living cover in arid and semiarid regions, could influence dune dynamic. In this study, the shear strength and hardness of the windward slope surface of erodible nebkhas are measured in the upwind margin of the Minqin oasis, China. It is found that both the shear strength and hardness of topsoil are commonly larger than these under the biocrust layer. From the force‐balance equation about the vane shear test, a novel expression for the shear strength of biocrust is derived. The field experiment in the windy season of 2023 shows that the biocrust layer of topsoil can effectively increase the resistance of nebkha surface against wind erosion. The relative larger strength and the self‐repair function of biocrust supported by the local non‐rain water are two main reasons the erodible nebkhas can exist for decades.
Validation of cubic EoS mixing rules and multi‐fluid helmholtz energy approximation EoS for the phase behaviour modelling of CO2‐rich binary mixtures at low temperatures
Authors: Okoro Franklin , Chapoy Antonin , Ahmadi Pezhman , Burgass Rod 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe transportation of CO2 from the capture site to the storage location is a crucial phase in carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) process. For offshore operations, ship transportation is considered a viable alternative, and this would entail operations at low temperatures (down to 223.15 K). A review of the literature revealed that there is limited experimental data on CO2‐rich systems at low temperatures, thus, the need to investigate the phase behaviour of CO2‐rich systems at these conditions. This study validated and compared the accuracies of Peng–Robinson (PR) equation of state (EoS) with three different mixing rules (the classical with original and adjusted binary interaction parameters, the Wong–Sandler, and the Orbey–Wong–Sandler mixing rules) against the multi‐fluid helmholtz energy approximation (MFHEA ‐ with original and adjusted binary‐specific reducing parameters) EoS in the prediction of bubble points of CO2‐rich binary systems (CO2‐CH4, CO2–O2, CO2–Ar, and CO2–N2) for CCUS applications. The experimental studies used for the validation of the models were conducted at low temperatures (228.15–273.15 K with overall uncertainties of 0.14 K) and for five different CO2 mole ratios (99.5, 99, 98.5, 98 and 95% with overall uncertainties of 0.032%) using the constant composition expansion method. The overall uncertainty of the pressure measurements was 0.03 MPa. From the study, it was observed that there was a significant effect of binary interaction parameters (BIP) adjustment on the performance of PR‐EoS with classical mixing rule, especially for the CO2–N2 system. For all the systems, the predictions of PR‐EoS with the classical mixing rules and the adjusted BIPs were the most accurate in terms of the average absolute deviations from the experimental data. The model also predicted the literature data well in comparison with the other models (with less than 5% deviations for all the data points). Further analysis also proved that the model dew point predictions were in reasonable agreement with the available literature data at the considered conditions. As a result, the model could be adopted to fill the existing knowledge gaps of the studied systems at conditions (143.15–223.15 K) where experimental studies were not feasible. © 2024 The Author(s). Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Patented innovation and left‐tail risk: Evidence from China
Authors: Jia Shaoqing , Yang Liuyong , Zhou Fangzhao , Li Jiayao , Qi Yawei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of patented innovation on the left‐tail risk of stock price, measured as the 1% value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES). Using the sample of all listed firms in the Chinese A‐share market from 2007 to 2020, we find that the quantity and quality of patents significantly decrease left‐tail risk. Second, the effect is more pronounced for firms in regions with patent pledge systems or stronger intellectual property rights protection. Short‐selling constraints and the engagement of retail investors hinder patented innovation from reducing left‐tail risk. Third, we further explore the mechanisms and find that patented innovation enhances financial performance, mitigates financial constraints, and attracts long‐term institutional investors, thereby decreasing left‐tail risk.
Establishment of a diagnostic model for urinary calculi in pregnant women: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Ruixue , Xu Zhikai , Wu Lifeng , Chen Lei , Yan Shaorong , Lin Yuzhan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe diagnosis of symptomatic urinary stones during pregnancy is challenging; ultrasonography has a low specificity and sensitivity for diagnosing urinary stones. This study aimed to develop a clinical diagnostic model to assist clinicians in distinguishing symptomatic urinary stones in pregnant women.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we consecutively collected clinical data from pregnant women who presented with acute abdominal, lumbar, and lumbar and abdominal pain at the emergency department of our hospital between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019. To distinguish patients with urinary calculi from those without, we reviewed the follow‐up records within 2 weeks post‐consultation, ultrasonography results within 2 weeks, or self‐reports of stone passage within 2 weeks. We selected risk factors from the baseline clinical and laboratory data of patients to establish a diagnostic model.ResultsOf the total patients included in the study, 105 patients were diagnosed as having symptomatic urinary stones and 126 were determined to have abdominal pain for reasons other than urinary stones. The initial model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9966. The No‐Lab Model had an AUC of 0.9856. The Lab Model had an AUC of 0.832. The Stone Model had an AUC of 0.9952. The simplified Stone Model did not show a decrease in discriminative ability.ConclusionOf the four diagnostic models that we established for preliminary diagnosis of symptomatic urinary tract stones in pregnant women, the simplified Stone Model demonstrated excellent performance. Users can scan quick response codes to access web‐based diagnostic model interfaces, facilitating easy clinical operation.
Analyzing the performance of ChatGPT in answering inquiries about cervical cancer
Authors: Yurtcu Engin , Ozvural Seyfettin , Keyif Betul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the knowledge of ChatGPT about cervical cancer (CC).MethodsOfficial websites of professional health institutes, and websites created by patients and charities underwent strict screening. Using CC‐related keywords, common inquiries by the public and comments about CC were searched in social media applications with these data, a list of frequently asked questions (FAQs) was prepared. When preparing question about CC, the European Society of Gynecological Oncology (ESGO), European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO), and European Society of Pathology (ESP) guidelines were used. The answers given by ChatGPT were scored according to the Global Quality Score (GQS).ResultsWhen all ChatGPT answers to FAQs about CC were evaluated with regard to GQS, 68 ChatGPT answers were classified as score 5, and none of ChatGPT answers for FAQs were scored as 2 or 1. Moreover, ChatGPT answered 33 of 53 (62.3%) CC‐related questions based on ESGO, ESTRO, and ESP guidelines with completely accurate and satisfactory responses (GQS 5). In addition, eight answers (15.1%), seven answers (13.2%), four answers (7.5%), and one answer (1.9%) were categorized as GQS 4, GQS 3, GQS 2, and GQS 1, respectively. The reproducibility rate of ChatGPT answers about CC‐related FAQs and responses about those guideline‐based questions was 93.2% and 88.7%, respectively.ConclusionChatGPT had an accurate and satisfactory response rate for FAQs about CC with regards to GQS. However, the accuracy and quality of ChatGPT answers significantly decreased for questions based on guidelines.
Taxonomic implications of trichome complements to Vernonia (Compositae) in India
Authors: Sahu T. R. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe trichome complements of 20 tax a of Vernonia (Compositae. Vernonicae) are studied for their ontogeny, structure, and organography distribution. In all twenty trichome types i.e., thirteen non glandular and seven glandular hairs are observed on vegetative parts whereas glandular hairs on floral parts. Conical flagellate, two armed with biseriate stalk, flagellate glandular and bicelled glandular hairs are the new forms for the family. Frequency distribution of achenial hair is found highest (57%) amongst all the trichome observed. All the trichome types originate from a single papillate epidermal cell and they are classified on the basis of form, structure and contents. Examination of the paired affinity indexes of the trichome complement indicate several natural groupings in the studied species of Vernonia. The use of the trichome complement as an aid to establishing relationships in Vernonia is also discussed.
Taxonomic revision of the subtribe Rhipsalinae Britt, et Rose, emend. F. Buxb. (Cactaceae — Cereoideae)
Authors: Volgin S. A. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryTaxonomic relations within the group of Cactaceae genera united under the subtribe Rhipsalinae Britt. et Rose emend. F. Buxb. have been examinated. The structure of the flower and seed in 20 representatives of the group shows the unnaturalness of the F. Buxbaum's (1958) taxonomic treatment of the subtribe. It must lx; raise into the rank of the tribe Rhipsalideae DC. emend. Volgin. A now classification of the tribe Rhipsalideae have been proposed in which 3 subtribes are established: Pfeifferinae Volgin subtr. nov. is the most primitive one; Rhipsalinae Britt. et Rose emend. Volgin and Schlumbergerinae Volgin subtr. nov. corresponding with two main evolutionary tranks within the tribe.
Les abris humides sous roches au Mali central
Authors: Aberlin J.‐P. 
Published: August 2024

ResuméDue association nouvelle pour le Mali control, à: Begonia rostrata (Hook. f.) Welw. et Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst. qui colonise les abris sous roches humides de la zone de Katibougou, est décrite. Elle représente une forme appauvrie du groupement homologue décrit par Monod à Bamako, à un latitude inférieure.
Taxonomic significance of stomatal complex in the Portulacaceae
Authors: Nyananyo Bio Louis 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe stomatal complex of 60 species in 19 genera of the family Portulacaceae have been investigated. Stomata are present on both the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of the leaf in all the species. Four types of subsidiary cells have been recorded: anomocytic. paracytic, tetracytic and parallelocytic. All the genera with anomocytic subsidiary cells, Lewisia Pursh, Montia L. and Wangerinia Franz are herbaceous. Majority of the genera have parallelocytic subsidiary cells. In Calandrinia H. B. & K. and Talinella Bâillon, the difference in subsidiary cell types aid in the delimitation of the genus into groups. The uniformity in subsidiary cell types in Anacampseros L. support its naturalness.
Die Lebermoosgattung Notoscyphus fossil in Europa
Authors: Grolle Riclef 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Lebermoosgattung Notoscyphus Mitt. (Jungermanniaceae), deren rezentes Areal sich auf feuchtere Teile der Tropen und Subtropen in Asien, Ozeanien und Afrika beschränkt, wird im Unteren Miozän von Mitteleuropa als Einschluß in Bitterfelder Bernstein nachgewiesen. Die Bernstein‐Pflanze wird beschrieben und abgebildet. Sie wird als artidentisch mit dem rezenten N. lutescens (Lehm. et Lindenb.) Mitt. sensu amplo angesehen. Diese Art hat demzufolge ein Mindestalter von 22 Millionen Jahren. Ihr rezentes und fossiles Areal wird in einer Karte dargestellt.
Eine Methodik zur quantitativen Beschreibung der Phytozönose terrestrischer Ökosysteme (phytozönotische Aufnahme): Teil I. Zielstellung, Beschreibung der Raumstruktur
Authors: Kuschka V. 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungZiel dieser Arbeiten ist es, eine Methodik zur quantitativen Beschreibung der Phytozönose als funktionalem Bestandteil terrestrischer Ökosysteme in ihrer konkreten Erscheinungsweise zu geben. Besondere Bedeutung kommt dieser Aufgabe dadurch zu, daß die Phytozönose im Stoff‐ und Energiewechselgefüge des Ökosystems eine primäre Rolle spielt.In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden vorwiegend Möglichkeiten der quantitativen Beschreibung der vertikalen und horizontalen Raumstruktur diskutiert. Die vertikale Raumstruktur ist am besten durch ein Deckungs‐Höhen‐Profil darstellbar. Mit diesem Profil wird auch die Abgrenzung der Hauptstraten der Phytozönose möglich. Die Methode der Aufstellung eines solchen Profils, einschließlich einer Formel zur Bildung von Höhenklassen, wird vorgestellt.Die Probleme der Anwendung von Frequenz, Soziabilität, Dispersionskoeffizient, Ballungsindex und Morisita‐Index zur Beschreibung der horizontalen Verteilung von Pflanzenarten werden diskutiert. Als alternative Größen werden die “Uniformitäts‐Frequenz” (fU) zur Beschreibung der Verteilung einzelner Pflanzenarten und die “Gewogene Uniformitäts‐Frequenz” (FU) zur Beschreibung der Homogenität der “Stratophytozönose” eingeführt.
Taxonomy of the Endemic African Genera of the Portulacacea (Centrospermae)
Authors: Nyananyo B. L. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe family Portulacaceae is represented in Africa (including Madagascar) by eight genera: Anacampseros L., Calyptrotheca Gilg, Ceraria Pearson & Stephens, Montia L., Portulaca L., Portulacaria Jacquin, Talinella Baillon and Talinum Adanson. Four of these, Calyptrotheca, Ceraria, Portulacaria and Talinella which amongst them have 12 species are, however, endemic to Africa. The generic limits of two of these endemics: Ceraria and Portulacaria has been ill defined while the taxonomy of all four genera is lacking in the literature. The generic limits of Ceraria and Portulacaria, and a contribution to the taxonomy of all four genera is evaluated on the basis of comparative palynology. leaf flavonoids, stomata, anatomy and cytology. A key to the genera is provided. Chromosome counts of 2n = 48, 48 and 72 are provided for Ceraria namaquensis, C. pygmaea and C. fruticulosa and 2n = 44 for Portulacaria afra respectively.
Systematic and Comparative value of Fruit Architecture in Trachyspermum Species
Authors: Dave Y. S. , Menon A. R. S. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe paper describes the fruit architecture of three species of Trachyspermum in relation to its taxonomic significance. Emergences in the form of warty trichomes are plenty on the fruits of T. ammi and T. stictocarpum. The pericarp which varies in thickness can be differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. A chloren‐chymatous hypodermis is present in T. roxburghiamum. Epicarp and the endocarp show variation in number of layers in the different species. The mesocarp embeds in it the oil canals and the vascular bundles. These finer details of the pericarp can be used for a taxonomic delimitation at the specific level
Histomorphological Studies in some Aristolochiaceae
Authors: Inamdar J. A. , Avita Sr. , Mohan J. S. S. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe epidermal structure, structure and ontogeny of stomata in vegetative and floral organs, leaf venation and internodal vessel elements of six species of Aristolochiaceae arc presented. Four types of trichomes and secretory cells are noticed. The mature stomata are anomocytic, paracytic and with a single subsidiary cell. The ontogeny of anomocytic stomata is perigenous that of stomata with a single subsidiary cell is mesogenous, while that of paracytic type is mesogenous or mesoperigenous (on pericarp only). Leaf venation pattern conforms to campylodromous or acrodromous imperfect basal type. The vessel elements size is categorized into long, medium and short. The length and diameter and shape may vary from species to species.
Composition of e‐cigarette aerosols: A review and risk assessment of selected compounds
Authors: Heywood Jonathan , Abele Grayson , Langenbach Blake , Litvin Sydney , Smallets Sarah , Paustenbach Dennis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe potential harms and benefits of e‐cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), have received significant attention from public health and regulatory communities. Such products may provide a reduced risk means of nicotine delivery for combustible cigarette smokers while being inappropriately appealing to nicotine naive youth. Numerous authors have examined the chemical complexity of aerosols from various open‐ and closed‐system ENDS. This body of literature is reviewed here, with the risks of ENDS aerosol exposure among users evaluated with a margin of exposure (MoE) approach for two non‐carcinogens (methylglyoxal, butyraldehyde) and a cancer risk analysis for the carcinogen N‐nitrosonornicotine (NNN). We identified 96 relevant papers, including 17, 13, and 5 reporting data for methylglyoxal, butyraldehyde, and NNN, respectively. Using low‐end (minimum aerosol concentration, low ENDS use) and high‐end (maximum aerosol concentration, high ENDS use) assumptions, estimated doses for methylglyoxal (1.78 × 10−3–135 μg/kg‐bw/day) and butyraldehyde (1.9 × 10−4–66.54 μg/kg‐bw/day) corresponded to MoEs of 227–17,200,000 and 271–280,000,000, respectively, using identified points of departure (PoDs). Doses of 9.90 × 10−6–1.99 × 10−4 μg/kg‐bw/day NNN corresponded to 1.4–28 surplus cancers per 100,000 ENDS users, relative to a NNN‐attributable surplus of 7440 per 100,000 cigarette smokers. It was concluded that methylglyoxal and butyraldehyde in ENDS aerosols, while not innocuous, did not present a significant risk of irritant effects among ENDS users. The carcinogenic risks of NNN in ENDS aerosols were reduced, but not eliminated, relative to concentrations reported in combustible cigarette smoke.
Preclinical evaluation of mucogingival defect treatment using piscine membranes: An in vivo assessment of wound healing
Authors: Sheinberg Derek S. , Almada Ricky , Parra Marcelo , Slavin Blaire V. , Mirsky Nicholas A. , Nayak Vasudev Vivekanand , Tovar Nick , Witek Lukasz , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPeriodontitis is a bacteria‐induced chronic inflammatory disease characterized by degradation of the supporting tissue and bone in the oral cavity. Treatment modalities seek to facilitate periodontal rehabilitation while simultaneously preventing further gingival tissue recession and potentially bone atrophy. The aim of this study was to compare two differently sourced membranes, a resorbable piscine collagen membrane and a porcine‐derived collagen membrane, in the repair of soft tissue defects utilizing a preclinical canine model. This in vivo component consisted of 10 beagles which were subjected to bilateral maxillary canine mucogingival flap defects, as well as bilateral soft tissue defects (or pouches) with no periodontal ligament damage in the mandibular canines. Defects received either a piscine‐derived dermal membrane, (Kerecis® Oral, Ísafjörður, Iceland) or porcine‐derived dermal membrane (Geistlich Mucograft®, Wolhusen, Switzerland) in a randomized fashion (to avoid site bias) and were allowed to heal for 30, 60, or 90 days. Statistical evaluation of tissue thickness was performed using general linear mixed model analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD) post hoc analyses with fixed factors of time and membrane. Semi‐quantitative analysis employed for inflammation assessment was evaluated using a chi‐squared test along with a heteroscedastic t‐test and values were reported as mean and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. In both the mucogingival flap defects and soft tissue gingival pouches, no appreciable qualitative differences were observed in tissue healing between the membranes. Furthermore, no statistical differences were observed in the thickness measurements between piscine‐ and porcine‐derived membranes in the mucogingival flap defects (1.05 mm [±0.17] and 1.29 mm [±0.17], respectively [p = .06]) or soft tissue pouches (1.36 mm [±0.14] and 1.47 mm [±0.14], respectively [p = .27]), collapsed over time. Independent of membrane source (i.e., piscine or porcine), similar inflammatory responses were observed in both the maxilla and mandible at the three time points (p = .88 and p = .79, respectively). Histologic and histomorphometric evaluation results indicated that both membranes yielded equivalent tissue responses, remodeling dynamics and healing patterns for the mucogingival flap as well as the soft tissue gingival pouch defect models.
Formal help‐seeking in intimate partner violence among Spanish‐born and immigrant women in Spain: A focus group study
Authors: Cuesta‐García Andrea , Haro Begoña , Fernández‐Lansac Violeta , Crespo María 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem. In Spain, although the prevalence of IPV is greater in immigrant women than in Spanish‐born women, immigrant women seem to access services to a lesser extent. This study aimed to explore and compare perceptions of barriers to and strategies for seeking formal help among Spanish‐born and immigrant women IPV survivors. A qualitative study was conducted based on three focus groups with women of Spanish (n = 9), Romanian (n = 4), and Latin American (n = 4) origin. The thematic analysis was supported by Atlas.ti. Three categories and 12 subcategories were identified: general characteristics of help‐seeking behavior (e.g., children as the main motivating factor), barriers (e.g., immigrant status, fear of the perpetrator), and strategies for accessing services (e.g., increasing education). Differences in help‐seeking behavior were found between groups. Relevant information for professionals to improve women's access to IPV support services is provided.