bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Step Approach to 2,5‐Diformylfuran from Fructose by Using a Bifunctional and Recyclable Acidic Polyoxometalate Catalyst
Authors: Liu Ruliang , Chen Jinzhu , Chen Limin , Guo Yuanyuan , Zhong Jiawei 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA series of acidic cesium salts of molybdovanadophosphoric heteropolyacids (CsMVP‐HPAs) are developed as bifunctional and recyclable catalysts for a one‐step approach to 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) from fructose with molecular oxygen as the oxidant under environmentally benign conditions. The CsMVP‐HPAs afford the direct synthesis of DFF from fructose through acidic site (H)‐promoted fructose dehydration and metallic site (V)‐catalyzed successive aerobic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The catalytic performances of CsMVP‐HPA toward fructose dehydration and HMF oxidation are related to its acid density and V content, respectively. Moreover, the increase in the V content of CsMVP‐HPA results in its decreased acid density, which suggests its converse catalytic performance toward fructose dehydration and HMF oxidation. An optimum balance between the dehydration and oxidation functions of CsMVP‐HPAs reveals that a ratio of acid density to molar concentration of V between 1.64 and 3.34 achieves a maximum yield of 60 % for DFF from fructose with Cs3HPMo11VO40 as a catalyst under atmospheric pressure of oxygen. Moreover, Cs3HPMo11VO40 behaves as a heterogeneous catalyst and can be easily reused at least for four times. This research highlights an efficient bifunctional catalyst for transforming renewables into fine chemicals in tandem reactions of dehydration and oxidation.
A nurse‐based strategy reduces heart failure morbidity in patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure in Brazil: the HELEN‐II clinical trial
Authors: de Souza Emiliane Nogueira , Rohde Luis Eduardo , Ruschel Karen Brasil , Mussi Cláudia Mota , Beck‐da‐Silva Luis , Biolo Andréia , Clausell Nadine , Rabelo‐Silva Eneida Rejane 
Published: July 2014

AimsHome‐based interventions for heart failure (HF) patients might be particularly effective in middle‐income countries, where social, cultural, and economic constraints limit the effectiveness of HF treatment outside the hospital environment.Methods and resultsHELEN‐II was a randomized clinical trial conducted in Brazil designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a nurse‐based strategy, started after discharge following an acute decompensated HF (ADHF) admission. HELEN‐II compares the efficacy of home visits and telephone reinforcement (n = 123) with that of the conventional strategy, which is based on medical follow‐up (n = 129). The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of a first visit to the emergency department (≤24 h), a hospital readmission (>24 h), or all‐cause death, assessed during the first 6 months of follow‐up. Most enrolled subjects were middle‐aged (62 ± 13 years) males (63%) in NYHA functional class II–III (84%) with severe LV dysfunction (mean LVEF 29.6 ± 9%). The primary composite endpoint was decreased by 27% in the interventional group (relative risk 0.73; 95% confidence interval 0.54–0.99; P = 0.049). At the end of follow‐up, the rate of use of the standard‐of‐care HF medications was similar in both groups, except for the higher use of furosemide in the interventional group. Also, HF knowledge and self‐care were significantly increased in the interventional group.ConclusionsA post‐discharge, nurse‐led management strategy significantly decreases the morbidity of ADHF patients in the public health system of a developing middle‐income country.Trial registrationNCT01213875
Neutral and Cationic Alkyl and Amido Group 3 Metal Complexes of Amidine‐Amidopyridinate Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Polymerization Catalytic Activity
Authors: Rad'kov Vasily , Roisnel Thierry , Trifonov Alexander , Carpentier Jean‐François , Kirillov Evgeny 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlkane and amine elimination reactions between the amidine‐aminopyridine proligands (NR1NNR1CMeNR2)H [R1 = R2 = Me (1a), R1 = H, R2 = Me (1b), R1 = Me, R2 = iPr (1c)] and the precursors [Ln(CH2SiMe3)3(thf)2] (Ln = Sc and Y) and [Ln{N(SiHMe2)2}3(thf)x] (Ln = Sc, Y, and La) have been investigated. Bulky 1c and [Ln(CH2SiMe3)3(thf)2] (Ln = Sc and Y) selectively afforded dialkyl complexes 2c‐Sc and 2c‐Y. Yttrium and lanthanum diamido complexes 3a‐Y, 3b‐Y, 3c‐Y, and 3c‐La were synthesized and isolated in high yields; however, similar aminolysis reactions to prepare the scandium analogues were unsuccessful. Detailed 29Si NMR spectroscopic studies combined with X‐ray crystallography revealed the presence of β‐Si–H···Ln agostic interactions in the diamido complexes. Cationic monoamido complex 4a‐Y was obtained from the reaction of 3a‐Y with [Et3NH]+[BPh4]–. Both the dialkyl and diamido complexes, activated with [Ph3C]+[B(C6F5)4]–/AliBu3 or [PhNMe2H]+[B(C6F5)4]–/AliBu3, were found to be moderately active at 60 °C in the trans‐1,4‐selective polymerization of isoprene, and the diamido complexes promoted the ring‐opening polymerization of rac‐lactide with moderate activities.
Electrochemical Preparation of Yttrium Hexacyanoferrate on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Application to Analgesic Drug Sensor
Authors: Devadas Balamurugan , Yeh Huai‐Tse , Chen Shen‐Ming , Piraman Shakkthivel 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHerein, we report a template free and surfactant less electrochemical approach for the preparation of flower‐like yttrium hexacyanoferrate (YHCF) particles on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The morphology of YHCF particles has been controlled by varying the molar ratio of Y(NO3)2 and K3Fe(CN)6 for the first time. The surface morphology of as‐prepared RGO/YHCF composite was characterized using SEM, EDX, IR and XRD methods. The electrocatalytic activity of the RGO/YHCF composite modified GCE towards Paracetamol (PA) oxidation has been investigated by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). Besides, the practical feasibility of the fabricated modified GCE has been demonstrated through the determination of PA from commercially purchased Paracetamol tablets.
Ionic Organic Film Sensor for Determination of Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Silva Tânia Regina , Westphal Eduard , Gallardo Hugo , Vieira Iolanda Cruz 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a new sensor based on an ionic organic film. The amphiphilic molecule, 4‐[(4‐decyloxyphenyl)‐ethynyl]‐1‐methylpyridinium iodide (10PyI), which has liquid‐crystalline properties, was synthesized and applied in the construction of a GCE/10PyI sensor. Analytical parameters for caffeic acid, repeatability (4.8 %), reproducibility (2.8 %), linearity (two ranges: 9.9×10−7 to 3.8×10−5 mol L−1 and 4.7×10−5 to 9.9×10−5 mol L−1) and detection limits (9.0×10−7 mol L−1 and 8.7×10−6 mol L−1), were determined. The method was successfully applied in the determination of total phenolic compounds (TPC) in mate herb extracts.
Fundamentals on new capillaries inspired by photonic crystal fibers as optofluidic separation systems in CE
Authors: Calcerrada Matías , Fernández de la Ossa M. Ángeles , Roy Philippe , González‐Herráez Miguel , García‐Ruiz Carmen 
Published: July 2014

Two prototypes of microstructured capillaries (MSCs) were designed, manufactured, and used to carry out different experiments. MSC‐1 consisted of six holes of ≈28 μm id whereas MSC‐2 consisted of 85 holes of ≈7.7 μm id. A fundamental study on the hydrodynamic injection through a commercial CE equipment was conducted. Experimental times to flush specific volumes were approximately three times larger than the theoretical values. Then, the detection of starch was carried out by using the MSCs and conventional capillaries, and the electropherograms were compared on the basis of analytical parameters employed in CE. An improvement in peak asymmetry was obtained for the MSC‐1 compared to the conventional capillaries. S/N was one order of magnitude increased with the MSC, improving ten times the sensitivity. Considering this advantage, the separation and detection of nitrostarch was performed as a first application of the MSC‐1. Minimal sample amounts of nitrostarch (1.7 μg) were detected. Results present a real interest in forensics since this substance had not been previously detected through CE, leading to new investigations in the design of new capillaries capable of enhancing CE performance.
Protein Kinase CK2 Inhibition Induces Cell Death via Early Impact on Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Qaiser Fatima , Trembley Janeen H. , Kren Betsy T. , Wu Jing‐Jiang , Naveed A. Khaliq , Ahmed Khalil 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTCK2 (official acronym for casein kinase 2 or II) is a potent suppressor of apoptosis in response to diverse apoptotic stimuli—thus its molecular downregulation or activity inhibition results in potent induction of cell death. CK2 downregulation is known to impact mitochondrial apoptotic circuitry but the underlying mechanism(s) remain unclear. Utilizing prostate cancer cell lines subjected to CK2‐specific inhibitors which cause loss of cell viability, we have found that CK2 inhibition in cells causes rapid early decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). Cells treated with the CK2 inhibitors TBB (4,5,6,7‐tetrabromobenzotriazole) or TBCA (tetrabromocinnamic acid) demonstrate changes in Δψm which become apparent within 2 h, that is, significantly prior to evidence of activation of other mitochondrial apoptotic signals whose temporal expression ensues subsequent to loss of Δψm. Further, we have demonstrated the presence of CK2 in purified mitochondria and it appears that the effect on Δψm evoked by inhibition of CK2 may involve mitochondrial localized CK2. Results also suggest that alterations in Ca2+ signaling may be involved in the CK2 mediated regulation of Δψm and mitochondrial permeability. Thus, we propose that a key mechanism of CK2 impact on mitochondrial apoptotic circuitry and cell death involves early loss of Δψm which may be a primary trigger for apoptotic signaling and cell death resulting from CK2 inhibition. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 2103–2115, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imaging tumour distribution of a polymeric drug delivery platform in vivo by PET‐MRI
Authors: Puttick Simon , Boase Nathan R.B. , Blakey Idriss , Thurecht Kristofer J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDOver the past decade, molecular imaging has played a key role in the progression of drug delivery platforms from concept to commercialization. Of the molecular imaging techniques commonly utilized, positron emission tomography (PET) can yield a breadth of information not easily accessible by other methodologies and when combined with other complementary imaging modalities, is a powerful tool for pre‐ and clinical development of therapeutics. However, very little research has focused on the information available from complimentary imaging modalities. This paper reports on the data‐rich methodologies of contrast enhanced PET/CT and PET/MRI for probing efficacy of polymer drug delivery platforms.RESULTSThe information available from an ExiTron nano 6000 contrast enhanced PET/CT and a gadolinium (Gd) enhanced PET/MRI image of a 64Cu labeled HBP in the same mouse was compared qualitatively.CONCLUSIONSGd contrast enhanced PET/MRI offers a powerful methodology for investigating the distribution of polymer drug delivery platforms in vivo and throughout a tumour volume. Furthermore, information about depth of penetration away from primary blood vessels can be gleaned, potentially leading to development of more efficacious delivery vehicles for clinical use. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A review on fermentative hydrogen production from dairy industry wastewater
Authors: Karadag Dogan , Köroğlu Oguz Emre , Ozkaya Bestami , Cakmakci Mehmet , Heaven Sonia , Banks Charles 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHydrogen (H2) is one of the most promising alternative fuel sources for satisfying future energy demand, and fermentative hydrogen production is advantageous over other processes. In recent decades, considerable research has been conducted on H2 production from carbohydrate‐rich materials since it is a cost‐effective approach and has the ability to generate intensive renewable energy from organic wastes. Dairy wastewater is a high volume industrial wastewater and with its immense carbohydrate content is an attractive candidate for sustainable fermentative H2 production. The present paper provides comprehensive evaluation of recent reports on fermentative H2 production from dairy wastewater. Important effective parameters and current bioreactor technologies for H2 production from dairy wastewater are discussed. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioconversion of cholesterol to 4‐cholesten‐3‐one by recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing choM gene encoding cholesterol oxidase from Mycobacterium neoaurumJC‐12
Authors: Shao Minglong , Rao Zhiming , Zhang Xian , Xu Meijuan , Yang Taowei , Li Hui , Xu Zhenghong , Yang Shangtian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacillus subtilis 168 was used to express the cholesterol oxidase (EC 1.1.3.6) genes cloned from Mycobacterium neoaurum JC‐12 and the bioconversion of cholesterol to 4‐cholesten‐3‐one was realized.RESULTSExpression of cholesterol oxidase ChoM1 and ChoM2 from M. neoaurum in B. subtilis was confirmed by SDS‐PAGE and enzyme activity analysis. The activities of the recombinant ChoM1 and ChoM2 were 5.27 and 7.44 U mg−1, which were 5.2‐fold and 7.3‐fold, respectively, of the cholesterol oxidases activities in M. neoaurum JC‐12. Enzyme properties showed that the optimum pH and temperature for both ChoM1 and ChoM2 was 7.5 and 40 °C. Both enzymes were stimulated by Mg2+ and Mn2+ and showed higher activity towards the 3β‐hydroxy steroids with long alkyl chains at C17. Whole‐cells of the recombinant strains were used as catalysts, the recombinant strains B. subtilis 168/pMA5‐choM1 and B. subtilis 168/pMA5‐choM2 catalyzed the bioconversion of cholesterol to 4‐cholesten‐3‐one with a percentage conversion of 67% and 83% at 21 h.CONCLUSIONThe recombinant strains demonstrated efficient and stable enzyme activities and showed obvious pre‐eminence on the bioconversion of cholesterol into 4‐cholesten‐3‐one. As a safe microorganism, B. subtilis 168 would be a promising cell factory to produce 4‐cholesten‐3‐one in the pharmaceutical industry. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Observed changes in southwest monsoon rainfall over India during 1901–2011
Authors: Guhathakurta P. , Rajeevan M. , Sikka D. R. , Tyagi Ajit 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe trends and epochal variability of southwest monsoon over the country as a whole and four homogeneous regions are examined using monthly rainfall data (1901–2011) of 640 political districts of India. The district rainfall data is computed from station rainfall data. The same station data is used to analyse the trends in the frequency of rainfall events of different intensities for examining extreme rainfall events. The existence of the multidecadal epochal variability of rainfall is clearly established in the all‐India monsoon rainfall as well as monsoon rainfall over the four homogenous regions. However, over different homogenous regions, the phases of multidecadal variability are found to be different. Principal component analysis brings out Northeast India (NEI) rainfall as more dominant mode for all‐India rainfall. Significant decrease in southwest monsoon rainfall over NEI is observed during the post 1950 period. Decreasing trends are also observed over the monsoon core region during the post‐1950 period. Over these regions, monsoon rainfall has increased significantly during the pre‐1950 period. It has been shown that the decreasing trend in monsoon rainfall during the post 1950 period is the result of multidecadal epochal variability. Geographical regions that experienced significant changes in the frequency of days of rainfall with different intensities are also identified. Significant change/turning points are also detected in the southwest monsoon rainfall. Frequency of moderate rainfall events (5 mm ≤ daily rainfall < 100 mm) decreased significantly during the period 1951–2010 over the monsoon core region of India whereas no significant changes are observed in the frequencies of heavy (daily rainfall >100 mm) or very heavy rain (daily rainfall >150 mm) during the southwest monsoon season. Climatic shift or change point in monsoon rainfall in India is also detected by an established statistical test.
Properties of Carboxylated Nitrile Rubber/Hydrotalcite Composites Containing Imidazolium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Marzec Anna , Laskowska Anna , Boiteux Gisele , Zaborski Marian , Gain Olivier , Serghei Anatoli 
Published: July 2014

SummaryIn the present study, two types imidazolium salts containing the common cation 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium‐hydrophilic tetrachloroaluminate (BMIM AlCl4) and hydrophobic bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIM TFSI) are analyzed for effects on the ionic conductivity and the state of cure of carboxylated nitrile rubber/hydrotalcite composites (XNBR/HT). Imidazolium salt containing tetrachloroaluminate ions effectively participates in the crosslinking process of carboxylated nitrile rubber and contributes to an increase in the crosslink density of the composites. Hydrophobic 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide was found to be compatible with carboxylated nitrile rubber. In the presence of 15 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of BMIM TFSI, the ionic conductivity of the composites increases from 10−10 to 10−7 S·cm−1, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the XNBR shifts towards lower temperatures from ‐23 °C to ‐33 °C.
Effect of Mechanical Compression and Hydrostatic Pressure on the Molecular Mobility of Poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Bouthegourd Emilie , Esposito Antonella , Saiter Allisson 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe molecular mobility of an organic glass (PLA with 4.3% of D‐lactic acid content) was investigated by calculating the size of the Cooperative Rearranging Regions (CRR) at its glass transition. The samples were exposed to different external constraints – namely a large deformation by mechanical compression at T < Tg (prior to measurement) or different hydrostatic pressures (during the measurement). The measurements were performed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) techniques: standard, temperature modulated (TM‐DSC) and high pressure (HP‐DSC). It was shown that mechanical deformations above the elastic limit increase the CRR size and shift the Tg value to higher temperatures, but have no effect on the value of ΔCp(Tg). On the other hand, increasing the hydrostatic pressure during the measurement (1 to 100 bar) decreases the CRR size, slightly influences Tg and does not change the value of ΔCp(Tg).
Mechanisms involved in Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens removal during activated sludge wastewater treatment
Authors: Orruño Maite , Garaizabal Idoia , Bravo Zaloa , Parada Claudia , Barcina Isabel , Arana Inés 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWastewater treatment reduces environmental contamination by removing gross solids and mitigating the effects of pollution. Treatment also reduces the number of indicator organisms and pathogens. In this work, the fates of two coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens, were analyzed in an activated sludge process to determine the main mechanisms involved in the reduction of pathogenic microorganisms during wastewater treatment. These bacteria, modified to express green fluorescent protein, were inoculated in an activated sludge unit and in batch systems containing wastewater. The results suggested that, among the different biological factors implied in bacterial removal, bacterivorous protozoa play a key role. Moreover, a representative number of bacteria persisted in the system as free‐living or embedded cells, but their distribution into liquid or solid fractions varied depending on the bacterium tested, questioning the real value of bacterial indicators for the control of wastewater treatment process. Additionally, viable but nonculturable cells constituted an important part of the bacterial population adhered to solid fractions, what can be derived from the competition relationships with native bacteria, present in high densities in this environment. These facts, taken together, emphasize the need for reliable quantitative and qualitative analysis tools for the evaluation of pathogenic microbial composition in sludge, which could represent an undefined risk to public health and ecosystem functions when considering its recycling.
Population pharmacokinetics of maslinic acid, a triterpene from olives, after intravenous and oral administration in rats
Authors: Sánchez‐González Marta , Colom Helena , Lozano‐Mena Glòria , Juan M. Emília , Planas Joana M. 
Published: July 2014

ScopeMaslinic acid is a bioactive minor component of Olea europaea L. with health‐enhancing activities and no harmful effects. A pharmacokinetic (PK) study was conducted to determine its bioavailability for future studies of maslinic acid in humans.Methods and resultsIntravenous (1 mg/kg) and oral (50 mg/kg) administrations to Sprague‐Dawley rats were performed. Blood was obtained several times over 24 h and PKs were analyzed with NONMEM 7.2, applying a population approach. Body weight was included a priori in the model with fixed allometric exponents, based on allometric principles. Plasma concentrations versus time were best characterized by a two‐open compartment model with first‐order absorption and linear elimination. Maslinic acid had a relative rapid oral absorption with a peak concentration after administration at 0.51 h and a bioavailability of 5.13%. Once in bloodstream, it distributed extensively into tissues, since the central and peripheral distribution volumes were 8.41 L/70 kg and 63.6 L/70 kg, respectively. The clearance (8 L/h/70 kg) was related to unaltered renal excretion. The prediction‐corrected visual predictive check confirmed its stability and predictive ability.ConclusionAn allometric population PK model was performed for maslinic acid, which adequately described and predicted plasma concentrations.
Pharmacokinetics of prenylated hop phenols in women following oral administration of a standardized extract of hops
Authors: van Breemen Richard B. , Yuan Yang , Banuvar Suzanne , Shulman Lee P. , Qiu Xi , Alvarenga René F. Ramos , Chen Shao‐Nong , Dietz Birgit M. , Bolton Judy L. , Pauli Guido F. , Krause Elizabeth , Viana Marlos , Nikolic Dejan 
Published: July 2014

ScopeWomen seeking alternatives to hormone‐replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms often try botanical dietary supplements containing extracts of hops (Humulus lupulus L.). Hops contain 8‐prenylnaringenin (8‐PN), a potent phytoestrogen, the related flavanones 6‐prenylnaringenin and isoxanthohumol (IX), and the prenylated chalcone xanthohumol (XN).Methods and resultsAfter chemically and biologically standardizing an extract of spent hops to these marker compounds, an escalating dose study was carried out in menopausal women to evaluate safety and pharmacokinetics. 8‐PN, 6‐prenylnaringenin, IX, and XN, sex hormones, and prothrombin time were determined in blood samples and/or 24 h urine samples. There was no effect on sex hormones or blood clotting. The maximum serum concentrations of the prenylated phenols were dose‐dependent and were reached from 2 to 7 h, indicating slow absorption. The marker compounds formed glucuronides that were found in serum and urine. Secondary peaks at 5 h in the serum concentration‐time curves indicated enterohepatic recirculation. The serum concentration‐time curves indicated demethylation of IX to form 8‐PN and cyclization of XN to IX. Slow absorption and enterohepatic recirculation contributed to half‐lives exceeding 20 h.ConclusionThis human study indicated long half‐lives of the estrogenic and proestrogenic prenylated phenols in hops but no acute toxicity.