bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions Intended to Reduce Pregnancy‐Related Outcomes Among Adolescents
Authors: Scher Lauren S. , Maynard Rebecca A. , Stagner Matthew 
Published: July 2013

This Campbell systematic review examines the effectiveness of teenage pregnancy prevention programs in promoting abstinence, encouraging the use of contraception and reducing the likelihood of pregnancy among teens.A thorough literature search was conducted up to April 2006. The review summarises findings from 31 studies which included 37,000 youth conducted in the US or in developed countries with higher than average rates of unplanned teen pregnancy, such as Canada, England, New Zealand, and Australia.This review finds no consistent evidence that the types of pregnancy prevention programs evaluated rigorously to date will alter in intended ways the sexual activity or pregnancy risks of youth. However, this overall pooling of studies mixes results of different program types serving different populations of adolescents.This review highlights the relative dearth of evidence to judge the overall effectiveness of particular intervention strategies. For this reason, further research and evaluation is necessary, including studying programs that have not yet been evaluated rigorously and programs that have been replicated and are serving new populations of adolescents in different communities.
Central Vascular Catheters versus Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Nurse Anesthesia. A Perspective within the Greek Health System
Authors: Konstantinou Evangelos A. , Karampinis Dimitrios F. , Mitsos Aristotelis P. , Konstantinou Maria I. , Mariolis-Sapsakos Theodoros , Kapritsou Maria , Stafylarakis Emmanuil , Katsoulas Theodoros , Elefsiniotis Ioannis 
Published: July 2013

Purpose We present a study comparing the insertion of central vascular catheter (CVC) and peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) by an anesthesia nurse at 2 Greek University Hospitals. Methods Eighty patients, aged 20-80 years, were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups. In group A (41 patients), a CVC was inserted in the internal jugular vein. In group B (39 patients), a pressure-injectable PICC was inserted in the basilica vein. Results Correlations between the methods applied, the patients' characteristics, the procedures' characteristics and the overall satisfaction scores for each procedure were examined. The final results show that the patients of group B (PICC method) were more satisfied with the procedure than the patients of group A (CVC method), at the statistical significance level of a=0.01. Also, according to the results of the analysis, the PICC method offers significantly more comfort and relative satisfaction than the CVC method, at the statistical significance level of a=0.01. The satisfaction scores of “physicians” were statistically more significant, at a=0.01, for the patients of group A (classic CVCs) mainly because of the insufficient flow rate of the PICCs when compared with the CVCs and especially if one considers the fact that the physicians did not have any experience with the PICC method at all. Conclusions PICCs under ultrasound guidance constitute the solution of choice for patients and they definitely surpass the CVCs focusing mainly on the improvement of the quality of life and the satisfaction of patients.
External Jugular Vein Cross-Over as a New Technique for Percutaneous Central Venous Port Access in Case of Left Central Venous Occlusion
Authors: Marcy Pierre Yves , Hajjam Mostafa El , Lacout Alexis , Nöel Caroline , Simon Jean Jacques , Figl Andrea 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To report the cross-over venous catheter technique in case of left-sided central venous (internal jugular, subclavian and innominate veins) occlusion and right-sided central vein patency. Methods A 60-year-old right breast cancer patient presented with a local recurrence requiring chemotherapy. He presented with a left-sided catheter-related central venous occlusion and radiodermatitis of the right chest and neck. The nonsymptomatic side of insertion was defined as the patient's left side. Successful percutaneous left-to-right external jugular vein (EJV) cross-over access tips and tricks are reported. They include performing (a) the EJV access at the lower neck, (b) the 0.032 hydrophilic guidewire (GW) catheterization of the venous curves, (c) the GW anchor technique into the inferior vena cava, (d) the GW + Glidecath catheter stiffening technique and (e) the over-the-stiff wire implantable catheter push. Results The cross-over technique was successful by using real-time ultrasonography/X-ray monitoring and interventional radiology tools (hydrophilic 0.032 in. and stiff 0.0035 in. GW and “J-shaped” Glidecath catheter) and the five-step technique. Conclusions In case of left innominate vein occlusion and necessity of left neck venous access, percutaneous EJV access should be attempted under real-time ultrasound/X-ray monitoring when other standard (subclavian venous port and internal jugular vein) routes are no longer available.
Efficacy of Taurolidine on the Prevention of Catheter-related Bloodstream Infections in Patients on Home Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Al-Amin Azzam H. , Sarveswaran Janahan , Wood Jonathan M. , Burke Dermot A. , Donnellan Clare F. 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To assess the efficacy of taurolidine (TauroLock™) line locks on the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Methods In our unit, any patient with ≥2 CRBSIs in six months is considered for TauroLock™ (2% taurolidine and 4% citrate) line locks. All such patients from May 2007 until January 2012 were identified, along with associated CRBSI rates. CRBSI was defined by differential time to positivity for positive blood cultures. CRBSIs were grouped into pre-taurolidine use and post-taurolidine commencement for each patient and the infection rate per 1000 catheter days calculated. Results were analyzed using Wilcoxon two-sided test. Results A total of nine patients were included (two men and seven women) with a median age of 51 (range 43-82) years. Infection rates after commencing taurolidine decreased markedly in all patients studied. The median CRBSI rate prior to taurolidine use was 6.39 per 1000 catheter days. This decreased to a median CRBSI rate of 0 per 1000 catheter days after commencing taurolidine. Conclusions Taurolidine is no substitute for careful aseptic technique. However, it is clearly effective at preventing CRBSIs and should be used in patients with recurrent infections to reduce morbidity.
Diagnosis of recurrent deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Schellong S. M. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryDeep vein thrombosis is a chronic disease with a continuing risk of recurrence. In a patient with recurrence long term prognosis and treatment are significantly altered both carrying their own risks not only in the acute phase but mainly in the long term perspective. Thus, accurate diagnosis of recurrence is of utmost importance for the fate of the patient. Diagnosis of a first DVT episode is well established and follows an algorithm including clinical prediction rules, D-Dimer testing and compression ultrasound. Due to the previous episode the efficiency of all three elements is impaired in a patient with suspected recurrence. This opens up areas of uncertainty which have to be filled by individual clinical judgement. Guidelines reflect this difficulty by providing mainly weak recommendations based on sparse data. The present review summarizes what is known about the performance of tools for DVT diagnosis, discusses recent guidelines, and finally gives personally weighed recommendations how to deal with this peculiar diagnostic situation. In conclusion, it will turn out that the well accepted diagnostic algorithm for a first DVT may be applied as well if the lower efficiency is regarded. Compression ultrasound largely benefits from a baseline assessment at the end of the previous episode. The order of tests may be discussed according to local and regional attitudes.
Evolução das organizações por meio das abordagens institucional, ecologia das organizações e equilíbrio pontuado
Authors: Santos Ana Clarissa 
Published: July 2013

DOI: 10.5902/198346592700 Within the functionalist paradigm, characterized by the philosophical objectivism and the sociology of status quo maintenance, the institutional theory and the ecology of organizations theory are thoroughly studied to explain why the organizations can be, paradoxically, so different and so similar. The theory of organizations ecology defends that there is a big difference among organizations and, as time goes by, those most adapt are selected by the environment. This makes the companies more alike, simply by natural selection or by the intention of aligning with the successful ones. This is the core idea of the institutional theory, where the existence of coercive, mimetic, and normative isomorphism standardizes organizations. When an important change occurs in the environment, the cycle restarts, a new selection takes place, and consequently we have the search for isomorphism. Finally, we can observe that one theory complements the other, generating a cycle for the organizations existence, and therefore they can not be considered as exclusive.
Uma análise do ambiente mercadológico de uma empresa do setor metal mecânico sob as perspectivas de Porter
Authors: Lopes Luis Felipe Dias , Machado Fransana Petter , Lopes Fillipe Grando , Lima Mauren Pimentel , Costa Vânia Medianeira Flores , Della Mea da Silva Diana 
Published: July 2013

DOI: 10.5902/198346592966 In a highly competitive market where consumers are increasingly demanding, the companies, in order to maintain themselves, seek competitive strategies, bringing as an alternative the differentiation in their products quality. To achieve this goal, companies guide their business strategies for an apropriate quality system, developing a Strategic Quality Planning. This paper presents the observation made in a metallurgical industry from Santa Maria with the purpose to describe how the Strategic Planning is committed to quality, in addition to an observation of its internal and external environments through the development of the SWOT matrix and the perception through the five competitive forces of Porter (1990). It was observed the cost of poor quality in the company, addressing to the flaws and defects caused by its lack and how much it represented in the company incomes. It was possible to notice how much the company lost in sales according to the flaws in the operational process. This paper intends to warn the administrators about the costs due to a lack of quality presented by the company and that the implementation of a quality system is seen as a tool to promote improvements and not only as a set of rules to obtain a certificate.
Respostas anunciadas pelas empresas brasileiras participantes do Carbon Disclosure Project para economia de baixo carbono
Authors: Farias Luana Das Graças Queiroz de , Andrade José Célio Silveira 
Published: July 2013

DOI: 10.5902/198346595252 Global climate change has emerged as the most important issue of sustainability, since it will negatively affect most biological systems, access to water, the economy and therefore have been of concern to society. The industry response to climate change are quite diverse, with emphasis on economic behavior and political-institutional. At first, the answers emphasize the macro-environment, the microenvironment and internal environment. And the second is to propose new rules for the formation of public-private partnerships such as the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), between 2005 and 2009 for the Low Carbon Economy. It was used for construction of secondary data from literature and reports available on the CDP website. The results point to the evolution of the responses of Brazilian companies participating in the CDP, especially in three performance levels: the macro-environment, the microenvironment and internal environment of organizations. However, the responses are concentrated in the service in the internal environment in which organizations are embedded and linked to environmental performance indicators and GHG emissions. However, the responses are concentrated in the service in the internal environment in which organizations are embedded and linked to environmental performance indicators and GHG.
Um estudo sobre as características do método Delphi e de grupo focal, como técnicas na obtenção de dados em pesquisas exploratórias
Authors: Munaretto Lorimar Francisco , Corrêa Hamilton Luiz , Carneiro da Cunha Júlio Araújo 
Published: July 2013

DOI: 10.5902/198346596243 This study aimed to describe the main characteristics of the Delphi method and focus group as data collection techniques in exploratory research. This is a bibliographic study, conducted with materials published in books, magazines, electronic networks etc.., Of primary and secondary sources. The results demonstrate that the focus group technique has no anonymity of the participants, as in Delphi, and that the interaction between the participants is carried out by uncontrolled feedback, unlike what occurs in the Delphi method. The research Delphie accomplished through structured questionnaires applied to experts, intensively and interspersed in several rounds. The main benefits of focus group techniques for exploratory research are: i) to assist in the formulation of hypotheses, since the discussion on specific topic leads to clarity of thought, helping to express research propositions ii) assist in identifying relevant concepts of research, which may be characteristic of a product or a service, working in the operational definition of a concept in the identification and testing of new research ideas. Denotes that both methods, Delphi and focus group contributions have efficient data collection for research of an exploratory nature.
<b>Alfabetização e formação de professores: algumas reflexões sobre a leitura e a escrita</b>
Authors: Antunes Helenise Sangoi 
Published: July 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464446661 Este artigo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre a leitura e a escrita, a partir do projeto de pesquisa intitulado “Laboratório de Alfabetização: repensando a formação de professores”, que pretende estabelecer intercâmbio entre as escolas em situação de vulnerabilidade social e a Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Esse trabalho objetiva colaborar no processo de alfabetização de alunos dos anos iniciais, e também contribuir para a formação dos acadêmicos dos cursos de Pedagogia e Educação Especial da UFSM, assim como dos professores das escolas envolvidas. Adotando uma metodologia qualitativa, baseada nos estudos de Bogdan e Bicklen (1994), o projeto busca auxiliar no processo de alfabetização ao propor a reflexão sobre a prática pedagógica vigente nas primeiras séries do ensino fundamental, principalmente nas salas de aula de escolas da periferia de Santa Maria, RS. O presente artigo apresenta ainda algumas reflexões sobre a relação existente entre a formação de professores e a alfabetização, a partir de observações realizadas no âmbito do referido projeto de pesquisa durante os nove anos de sua execução. Os resultados alcançados remetem à existência de práticas no ensino fundamental que ignoram, na maioria das vezes, a capacidade criadora dos alunos no processo de construção da leitura e da escrita. Concluiu-se que este projeto potencializou as relações entre a formação inicial e continuada de professores e as práticas de leitura e escrita, porque permitiu a imersão das acadêmicas da Pedagogia e da Educação Especial na escola durante a realização do curso de graduação e oportunizou trocas de experiência com as professoras que já estão atuando no ensino básico. Palavras-chave: Alfabetização; Leitura e Escrita; Formação de Professores.
The next generation of the World Health Organization's global antiretroviral guidance
Authors: Hirnschall Gottfried , Harries Anthony D , Easterbrook Philippa J , Doherty Meg C , Ball Andrew 
Published: July 2013

The 2013 World Health Organization’s (WHO) Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection provide more than 50 new recommendations across the continuum of HIV care, including recommendations on HIV testing, using antiretroviral drugs for prevention, linking individuals to HIV care and treatment services, initiating and maintaining antiretroviral therapy (ART) and monitoring treatment. Guidance is provided across all age groups and populations of adults, pregnant and breastfeeding women, adolescents and key populations. The guidelines are based on a public health approach to expanding the use of ARV drugs for HIV treatment and prevention, with a particular focus on resource‐limited settings.The most important new clinical recommendations include: treating adults, adolescents and older children earlier – starting ART in all individuals with a CD4 cell count of 500 cells/mm3 or less (but giving priority to those with advanced clinical disease or a CD4 cell count less than 350 cells/mm3); starting ART at any CD4 cell count in certain populations, including those with active TB (existing recommendation), Hepatitis B infection and severe chronic liver disease, HIV‐positive partners in serodiscordant couples (existing recommendation), pregnant and breastfeeding women, and children younger than 5 years of age; a preferred first‐line ART regimen of Tenofovir+3TC or FTC+ Efavirenz as a once‐daily fixed‐dose combination for adults, pregnant women, and children aged 3 years and older; and the use of viral load testing as the preferred approach to monitoring the response to ART and to diagnose treatment failure. Guidance is also provided on enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of HIV services, including strategies to improve retention in care, and adherence to ART; task‐shifting to address human resource gaps; decentralizing delivery of ART to primary health care, and integrating ART services within maternal and child health, TB or drug dependency clinics. There is additional guidance for programme managers on how to plan HIV programmes and use resources most efficiently.
Effects of Concurrent Low Back Conditions on Depression Outcomes
Authors: Angstman Kurt B. , Bansal Shalu , Chappell Daniel H. , Bock F. Andrew , Rasmussen Norman H. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Context: Depression and low back problems are common issues in primary care.

Objective: To compare 6-month depression outcomes (specifically, clinical results and number of outpatient visits) in patients with or without comorbid low back conditions (LBCs). The authors hypothesized that the presence of an LBC within 3 months of the diagnosis of depression would negatively affect clinical outcomes of depression treatment after 6 months.

Design: Retrospective record review.

Setting: Collaborative care management program in a large primary care practice.

Participants: Patients with a diagnosis of depression enrolled in collaborative care management (N=1326), including 172 with and 1154 without evidence of an LBC within 3 months of enrollment.

Main Outcome Measures: Clinical depression outcomes (remission and persistent depressive symptoms) and number of outpatient visits at 6 months.

Results: Regression modeling for clinical remission and persistent depressive symptoms at 6 months demonstrated that LBCs were not an independent factor affecting clinical remission (P=.24) but were associated with persistent depressive symptoms (odds ratio, 1.559; 95% confidence interval, 1.065-2.282; P=.02); LBCs remained an independent predictor of outlier status for outpatient visits (≥8 clinical visits after 6 months of enrollment), with an odds ratio of 1.581 (95% confidence interval, 1.086-2.30; P=.02).

Conclusion: Increased odds of persistent depressive symptoms and increased number of outpatient visits were found in patients with depression and concomitant LBCs 6 months after enrollment into collaborative care management, compared with those in patients with depression and without LBCs. The data suggest that temporally related LBCs could lead to worse outcomes in primary care patients being treated for depression, encouraging closer observation and possible therapeutic changes in this cohort.
A Research Primer: Basic Guidelines for the Novice Researcher
Authors: Brannan Grace D. , Dumsha Jane Z. , Yens David P. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Research can achieve many objectives, primarily by establishing a supportable, verifiable basis for clinical decisions. An evidence-based practice can streamline patient care, improving safety through consistency of care and making health care more affordable for patients. By cultivating research skills, osteopathic physicians and trainees can begin to forge a reciprocal relationship with medical literature and current findings, approaching research as active contributors as well as consumers. Many challenges, however, potentially hinder osteopathic physicians, residents, or medical students who wish to develop research skills. In the present article, the authors summarize research concepts and terminology that will enable novice researchers to interact effectively with more experienced researchers, statisticians, and methodologists.
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Facial Numbness and Pain After Whiplash Injury
Authors: Genese Josephine Sun 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Whiplash injury is often caused by rear-end motor vehicle collisions. Symptoms such as neck pain and stiffness or arm pain or numbness are common with whiplash injury. The author reports a case of right facial numbness and right cheek pain after a whiplash injury. Osteopathic manipulative treatment techniques applied at the level of the cervical spine, suboccipital region, and cranial region alleviated the patient's facial symptoms by treating the right-sided strain of the trigeminal nerve. The strain on the trigeminal nerve likely occurred at the upper cervical spine, at the nerve's cauda, and at the brainstem, the nerve's point of origin. The temporal portion of the cranium played a major role in the strain on the maxillary.