bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common anion rule in oxide heterointerfaces: Experimental verification by in situ photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Hayasaka Ryotaro , Kanda Tatsuhiko , Masutake Yuuki , Nguyen Duy Khanh , Hasegawa Naoto , Inoue Seitaro , Wada Asato , Kitamura Miho , Shiga Daisuke , Yoshimatsu Kohei , Kumigashira Hiroshi 
Published: July 2024

The band alignment at the interface is one of the fundamental parameters for designing electronic devices and artificial functional materials. However, there is no firmly established guideline for oxide heterostructures, limiting the functional design of oxide heterostructures. Here, we provide spectral evidence that the band diagram of oxide heterointerfaces is well described by the Zhong and Hansmann scheme based on the common anion rule [Z. Zhong and P. Hansmann, Phys. Rev. X 7, 011023 (2017)]. By utilizing the elemental selectivity of Ti 2p–3d resonant photoemission for the Ti 3d state near the Fermi level, we directly visualize the presence or absence of charge transfer from the overlayer films to SrTiO3 in prototypical heterointerfaces of SrVO3/SrTiO3 and SrNbO3/SrTiO3. It is found that the charge transfer occurs in SrNbO3/SrTiO3 but not in SrVO3/SrTiO3, as predicted by the Zhong and Hansmann scheme, indicating that the presence or absence, as well as the sign and amount, of interfacial charge transfer is predicted by this scheme. Our findings provide guidelines for designing and controlling the functionalities in oxide nanostructures.
Functional transition from hear
to nonvisual sensory and hearsay evidential categories
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article presents a development of evidential categories derived from a verb related to the auditory sense in
the evidential system attested in rGyalthang Tibetan varieties. The language varieties under study possess a morphological
distinction of at least five evidentials in the access-to-information category and two evidentials in the source-of-information
category. The discussion focuses on one morpheme derived from the Literary Tibetan verb grag ‘resound, hear’ used
for both categories, and examines its process of grammaticalisation and degrammaticalisation. Elicited data illustrate the
following functions: (1) grag as a nonvisual sensory evidential suffix that was further degrammaticalised as a
copulative nonvisual sensory verb stem; (2) grag as a hearsay marker in a separate syntactic slot, which extended
from (1); and (3) grag as a lexical verb stem meaning ‘hear’ [the common origin to (1) and (2)], which underwent
two grammaticalisation processes.
Machine learning-based rapid analysis of the failure progress of thin-film electrodes from electric impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data
Authors: Li Shucai , Zhao Yuqi , Wu Zhenyu , Li Lei , Luo Chuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Parylene C is a common substrate and encapsulation material used in implantable microelectrodes. Its reliability and failure are of great significance in the research and application of microelectrodes. In this study, three different failure stages of Parylene C thin-film electrodes were modeled using equivalent circuits, and the electric impedance spectroscopy of the electrodes were rapidly analyzed 9 different machine learning algorithms to identify the failure stages. The results showed that the three equivalent circuit models (ECMs) can represent the dynamics of the three failure stages of the Parylene C thin-film electrodes. The support vector machine (SVM) algorithm achieves more than 93% accuracy in identifying the ECMs from electric impedance spectroscopy data with an average time of 0.0273 s. The SVM algorithm has great potential in fast analysis of electric impedance spectroscopy for the endurability study and application of implantable microelectrodes.
First-principles explorations on 2D transition metal diborides featuring inverse sandwich structures and their gas sensing properties
Authors: Wang Shukai , Shi Kai , Li Jie , Lyu Juan , Li Fengyu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
First-principles calculations were carried out to investigate the stability of two dimensional (2D) MB2 monolayers (TiB2-I, VB2-I, MnB2-I, TiB2-II, ScB2-II, NiB2-II) with an inverse sandwich configuration and their potential as efficient gas sensors to detect toxic gas molecules. We first identified six stable 2D MB2 configurations, based on stability evaluation covering thermodynamical, dynamical, and thermal aspects. To investigate the performance of these novel structures as gas sensors, the adsorption behavior of five toxic gas molecules (CO, NO, NO2, NH3, SO2) on MB2 has been explored, and the charge transfer and magnetic changes of these adsorption systems were analyzed. It is found that five gases are all chemisorbed on 2D MB2. Particularly, when CO is adsorbed on TiB2-II, the magnetism of the system undergoes a significant change from non-magnetism to antiferromagnetism, showing selectivity for CO. Furthermore, the current−voltage characteristics obtained from simulations confirm gas sensing performance. The TiB2-II is expected to be a candidate material for CO gas sensor with short recovery time (7.50 × 10−10 s). Our theoretical study provides new ideas for designing gas sensor nanomaterials with magnetism alteration as the indicator featuring easy measurement and fast response.
Spectral and microstructural analysis of the effect of the Ga+ implantation on diamond: a CL-EELS study
Authors: Valendolf J , Piñero J C , Lloret F , Alba G , Eon D , Araujo D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Due to its capacity to achieve nanometre-scale machining and lithography, a focused ion beam (FIB) is an extended tool for semiconductor device fabrication and development, in particular, for diamond-based devices. However, some technological steps are still not fully optimized for its use. Indeed, ion implantation seems to affect the crystalline structure and electrical properties of diamond. For this study, a boron-doped ([B] ∼ 1017 atoms·cm−3) diamond layer grown by chemical vapour deposition was irradiated using Ga+ by FIB, with 1 nA current and 5, 20, and 30 keV of acceleration voltage. The Ga+ implanted diamond layer has been analysed through cathodoluminescence (CL) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)-related techniques. The beam penetration depth has been simulated by Monte Carlo calculations of both Ga+ (FIB) and e− (CL) beams at different energies. The comparative CL analysis of the layer as-grown and after implantation revealed peaks related to defects, such as A band, H3 centre, and defects present in the green band region. The STEM studies for the 30 keV implanted sample showed that the diamond lattice is affected by the damage, evidencing amorphisation in the layer with a sp2/sp3 ratio of 1.37, estimated by electron energy loss spectroscopy. Therefore, this study highlights the effects of the Ga+ implantation on the optical and structural characteristics of diamond, using different methods.
Relative equilibria of mechanical systems with rotational symmetry
Authors: Arathoon Philip 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We consider the task of classifying relative equilibria for mechanical systems with rotational symmetry. We divide relative equilibria into two natural groups: a generic class which we call normal, and a non-generic abnormal class. The eigenvalues of the locked inertia tensor descend to shape-space and endow it with the geometric structure of a three-web with the property that any normal relative equilibrium occurs as a critical point of the potential restricted to a leaf from the web. To demonstrate the utility of this web structure we show how the spherical three-body problem gives rise to a web of Cayley cubics on the three-sphere, and use this to fully classify the relative equilibria for the case of equal masses.
PET digitization chain for Monte Carlo simulation in GATE
Authors: Salvadori Julien , Merlet Antoine , Presles Benoit , Cabello Jorge , Su Kuan-Hao , Cochet Alexandre , Etxebeste Ane , Vrigneaud Jean-Marc , Sarrut David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. We introduce a versatile methodology for the accurate modelling of PET imaging systems via Monte Carlo simulations, using the Geant4 application for tomographic emission (GATE) platform. Accurate Monte Carlo modelling involves the incorporation of a complete analytical signal processing chain, called the digitizer in GATE, to emulate the different count rates encountered in actual positron emission tomography (PET) systems. Approach. The proposed approach consists of two steps: (1) modelling the digitizer to replicate the detection chain of real systems, covering all available parameters, whether publicly accessible or supplied by manufacturers; (2) estimating the remaining parameters, i.e. background noise level, detection efficiency, and pile-up, using optimisation techniques based on experimental single and prompt event rates. We show that this two-step optimisation reproduces the other experimental count rates (true, scatter, and random), without the need for additional adjustments. This method has been applied and validated with experimental data derived from the NEMA count losses test for three state-of-the-art SiPM-based time-of-flight (TOF)-PET systems: Philips Vereos, Siemens Biograph Vision 600 and GE Discovery MI 4-ring. Main results. The results show good agreement between experiments and simulations for the three PET systems, with absolute relative discrepancies below 3%, 6%, 6%, 7% and 12% for prompt, random, true, scatter and noise equivalent count rates, respectively, within the 0–10 kBq·ml−1 activity concentration range typically observed in whole-body 18F scans. Significance. Overall, the proposed digitizer optimisation method was shown to be effective in reproducing count rates and NECR for three of the latest generation SiPM-based TOF-PET imaging systems. The proposed methodology could be applied to other PET scanners.
Electric and dielectric responses of Au/n-Si structure by Mn doped PVC interfacial layers
Authors: Badali Yosef , Güçlü Çiğdem Şükriye 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper has investigated and compared the impact of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) without/with manganese (Mn) metallic nanoparticles interfacial layer on the electric and impedance characteristics of Schottky diode (SD) with a structure of Au/n-Si (MS). The structures of these two metal-polymer-semiconductor (MPS) SDs are Au/PVC/n-Si and Au/PVC:Mn/n-Si. A detailed description of the SDs manufacturing process is given. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) images, and Electron Dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy are three methods that have been utilized to examine mean size of crystallite, morphology of surface, purity specification. The fundamental electronic variables of these devices are ascertained and contrasted with one another using the I-V characteristic measurement at ±6 V. Ohm’s law, Thermionic Emission (TE) theory, modified Norde, and Cheung functions are used to calculate the SDs’ leakage current (I0), ideality coefficient (n), potential barrier height (BH), shunt (Rsh), and series (Rs) resistances. Investigations are conducted on the energy dependence of surface states density (Nss) and the current conduction mechanisms (CCMs) for both reverse and forward biases. These interfacial layers are known to decrease the n, Rs, and Nss. The PVC polymer interlayer leads to improve the efficiency of the MS-type SD, but it does not when doped by Mn nanoparticles. Additionally, by measuring impedance at a bias of 1.5 V and 100 Hz-1 MHz frequency range, the frequency dependence of dielectric properties of the prepared SDs is studied. The dielectric permittivity, dielectric loss tangent, electronic modulus, and ac electronic conductivity of these SDs are all studied.
A unimodular Kaluza-Klein theory
Authors: Fabris Júlio C , Kerner Richard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Unimodular gravity became an object of increasing interest in the late 80-ties (see, e.g. M. Henneaux and C. Teitelboim, (1989 Phys. Lett. B
222, 195), W. Buchmüller and N. Dragon, N. (1989 Phys. Lett. B
223, 313), W.G. Unruh, (1989 Phys. Rev. D, 40, 1048) and was recently used in primordial Universe modeling with cosmological constant, in the context of the Brans-Dicke gravity including scalar field A. M. Almeida et al (2023 Universe
8, 429). In the present article we investigate the possibility of imposing the unimodular condition within the 5-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory including the scalar field. The variational principle is formulated in 5 dimensions first, and dimensional reduction is applied to the resulting set of equations. A cosmological model based on these equations is then presented and discussed.
Indoor air disinfection by non thermal atmospheric pressure plasma: a comparative study of performance in low and high humidity environments
Authors: Jangra Ramavtar , Ahlawat Kiran , Mohan Medicherla Krishna , Prakash Ram 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) has intrigued the interest of researchers for various applications such as disinfection, air purification, etc. In this context, a deeper understanding of the correlation between APP’s characteristics like discharge parameters, active species composition, and eradication of airborne microorganisms with varying relative humidity (RH) has been examined using a dielectric barrier discharge based atmospheric pressure plasma (DBD-APP) source. One of the electrodes of the developed DBD-APP source has been coated with TiO2 nanoparticles to enhance the generation of reactive species during the discharge process. The results show that, even with the same peak-to-peak applied voltage, the peak-to-peak current and discharge power decrease with increasing RH. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is used to determine the relative emission intensity of the reactive species, whereas spectrophotometry is used to quantify the reactive species produced by the plasma at various parameters. Instead of UV radiation, the plasma-produced highly energetic electrons activates the TiO2 nanoparticles for electron–hole pair generation. The geometry of the plasma device has played an important role in generating high energy electrons. From the developed DBD-APP source, the airborne microorganism’s disinfection efficiency of ∼95.8% and ∼98.7% has been achieved in the total bacterial counts (TBCs) and total fungal counts (TFCs) at an RH range of 70%–90%, in just 20 min of continuous operation. However, in the RH range of 20%–40%, the inactivation efficiency dropped to ∼78.8% and ∼87.5% for the TBCs and TFCs, respectively. The outcome indicates that higher humidity levels are better for indoor air purification using DBD-APP sources and that plasma with a circulation system can effectively disinfect indoor environments.
Change in nonlinear optical response of C24 nanocage upon doping with lithium based superalkalis
Authors: Kosar Naveen , Safdar Ayesha , Imran Muhammad , Younis Adnan , Mahmood Tariq 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to analyze the change in nonlinear optical (NLO) response, electronic and geometric properties of the Li based superalkalis doped C24 nanocage. It was observed that the adsorption of Li4N, Li3O and Li2F superalkalis on C24 nanocage results in thermodynamically stable isomers (A-F). The energy gap between the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (GH-L) is reduced after superalkalis doping on carbon (C24) nanocage. Density of states spectra depict the strong contribution of superalkalis in HOMOs of the considered complexes. Natural bond orbital (NBO) charge analysis showed that the charge is being transferred from superalkali toward C24 nanocage. The values of polarizability (α

o
) and hyperpolarizability (β

o
) showed that doping of superalkalis on C24 has a significant effect on its NLO response, resulting in a considerable increase in values of α

o
and β

o
. Li4N@C24 isomer E showed the highest β

o
value of 6470.74 au. Time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations are implemented to analyze the absorption spectra. This research provides unique and highly efficient superalkalis doped C24 isomers for their applications in future electronic devices.
Performance analysis of perovskite solar cell in presence and absence of defects
Authors: De Sarkar Pratik , Ghosh K K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Studies of the effect of defects in any solar cell are important in achieving a satisfactory level of its performance. A comparative study with a defect-free against the defect-induced cell carries instant and ready information on laboratory/industry-based fabricated cell performance, which is prone to unavoidably induced defects. In spite of good deal of works on defects of cells such a study in an organized and comparative way remains absent to the knowledge of the authors. Ready and classified presentation of such a study, therefore, is considered to be significant. Present work is a result of motivation to fulfil this gap. This article presents a study of the effects of bulk and interface defects in perovskite solar cells. On examining the effects of deep and shallow defect levels on key performance metrics such as open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and fill factor, the resulting study discusses an analysis of the impact of the defects on cell efficiency. A defect-free cell with optimal perovskite, hole-transport layer (HTL), and electron-transport layer (ETL) dimensions are analysed simultaneously to assess the level at which the defects can degrade the performance of a defect-free cell. It is observed that the defects, particularly in the deep levels, significantly impair the performance of a cell, including the open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, fill factor, and efficiency, compared to those in shallow levels.
Statistical inference for marshall-olkin bivariate Kumaraswamy distribution under adaptive progressive hybrid censored dependent competing risks data
Authors: Haghverdi Vardani Mohsen , Panahi Hanieh , Behzadi Mohammad Hassan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The statistical inference under competing risks model is of great significance in reliability analysis and it is more practical to assume that they have dependent competing causes of failure in actual situations. In this article, we make inference for unknown parameters of a Marshall-Olkin bivariate Kumaraswamy distribution under adaptive progressive hybrid censoring mechanism. The maximum likelihood estimations of the unknown parameters are derived, and the Fisher information matrix is then employed to construct asymptotic confidence intervals. Bayes estimates are evaluated against squared error and linex loss functions assuming ordered Gamma-Dirichlet and Gamma-Dirichlet prior distributions for order restriction and without order restriction cases respectively. The Metropolis-Hasting and Lindley techniques are applied to acquire the estimates of all unknown parameters. A thorough simulation analysis is demonstrated to assess the performance of the supplied approaches across various sample sizes. The usefulness of the techniques is illustrated using real engineering data to prove their versatility in practical applications.
A numerical aproach to dispersion-dissipation-reaction model: third order KdV-Burger-Fisher equation
Authors: Esen Alaattin , Karaagac Berat , Yagmurlu Nuri Murat , Ucar Yusuf , Manafian Jalil 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this study, an efficient numerical method is applied to KdV-Burger-Fisher equation which is one of the dispersion-dissipation–reaction model. The present method is based on the collocation method whose weight functions are taken from the family of the Dirac delta functions in finite element methods. The element functions are selected as quintic trigonometric B-spline basis. The error norms L
2 and L
∞ are calculated to measure the efficiency of the method. Numerical solutions and error norms which are obtained via collocation method and trigonometric basis are presented in tables and simulations of the solutions are exhibited as well. Additionally, stability analysis is investigated.
Image encryption scheme based on pseudo-DWT and cubic S-box
Authors: Qiao Linhao , Mei Qixiang , Jia Xingxing , Ye Guodong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Combining a pseudo-Discrete Wavelet Transform (pseudo-DWT) and a novel cubic S-box technique, an image encryption scheme using a newly-developed four-dimensional hyperchaotic system (NewHS) is presented in this paper. The principal advantage of this method resides in its enhanced security, with hash values (computed by SHA-256) of the plaintext, thereby bolstering resistance to chosen-plaintext attack. Initially, a novel three-dimensional cubic S-box is designed via chaotic sequence, increasing the complexity and randomness. Subsequently, the proposed scheme employs a Ladder permutation for image scrambling, achieving a one-time pad encryption effect. Finally, a pseudo-DWT is devised to segment and reconstruct the image, implementing scrambling and diffusion encryption. Moreover, experiments and security analysis also prove that the proposed encryption scheme can show good performance.
Use of Nash equilibrium in finding game theoretic robust security bound on quantum bit error rate
Authors: Dutta Arindam , Pathak Anirban 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Nash equilibrium is employed to find a game theoretic robust security bound on quantum bit error rate (QBER) for DL04 protocol which is a scheme for quantum secure direct communication that has been experimentally realized recently. The receiver, sender and eavesdropper (Eve) are considered to be quantum players (players having the capability to perform quantum operations). Specifically, Eve is considered to have the capability of performing quantum attacks (e.g., Wójcik’s original attack, Wójcik’s symmetrized attack and Pavičić attack) and classical intercept and resend attack. Game theoretic analysis of the security of DL04 protocol in the above scenario is performed by considering several game scenarios. The analysis revealed the absence of a Pareto optimal Nash equilibrium point within these game scenarios. Consequently, mixed strategy Nash equilibrium points are identified and employed to establish both upper and lower bounds for QBER. Further, the vulnerability of the DL04 protocol to Pavičić attack in the message mode is established. In addition, it is observed that the quantum attacks performed by Eve are more powerful than the classical attack, as the QBER value and the probability of detecting Eve’s presence are found to be lower in quantum attacks compared to classical ones.
Dynamical analysis of high-order Hopfield neural network with application in WBANs
Authors: Liu Dingfa , Zhang Juan , Njitacke Zeric Tabekoueng , Jean De Dieu Nkapkop , Jiang Donghua , Ruben Mouangue 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Given the increasing demand for privacy preservation of medical data, a novel medical image encryption scheme is proposed based on Invertible Neural Network (INN) in this paper. Firstly, a new High-Order Hopfield Neural Network (HOHNN) is designed to yield a cipher flow as the conditional input, thereby regulating the encryption process. Moreover, its intrinsic properties as well as various dynamic behaviors are both demonstrated through theoretical analysis and two-parameter Lyapunov exponential charts. Secondly, guided by a multi-objective loss function and a known prior distribution, the original medical image is encrypted into a noise-like cipher image through the proposed encryption scheme. Besides, it is worth mentioning that unlike the existing deep learning-based data encryption schemes, the decryption network shares the identical weight matrix and network structure with the corresponding encryption one in this work. Finally, extensive simulation experiments have validated the feasibility as well as the security of the proposed scheme.