bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONSIDERATION OF TOTAL VOLATILE HYDROCARBON EXPOSURE DURING OIL SPILL RESPONSE1
Authors: Grimes Alexandra , Olden Nicholas 
Published: January 2013

Public perception and environmental awareness place increasing demands on the petroleum industry to facilitate fast and efficient oil spill containment and recovery to mitigate environmental damage. HSE legislation also places increasing demands on Oil Spill Response Organisations to ensure a safe working environment for responders. This paper looks at the trade-offs facing oil spill response planning from the perspective of occupational exposure to Total Volatile Hydrocarbons (TVH).
TVH is a term used to represent a large group consisting of hundreds of chemical compounds that derive from crude oil. Under certain circumstances, in-situ response measures represent a significant risk to local air quality and human health. Mechanical and manual oil spill recovery in close proximity with TVHs place spill responders and potentially the general public at an increased risk from fire/ explosions as well as acute and chronic health implications.
Over the course of a spill, physical and chemical processes are continuously changing TVH composition. This requires rapid on-scene monitoring and/ or predictive modelling to optimise spill counter measures and responder safety. The use of personal and area TVH monitoring equipment is discussed in a practical spill recovery context, and an overview is provided of portable gaseous testing equipment with respect to key criteria such as; conformity, configuration, user-friendliness and robustness. Current developments in TVH monitoring models are reviewed and their contribution to future oil spill contingency planning assessed.
Consideration is given to hazardous vapour exposure and the resulting health and safety issues that were faced by OSRL during the Tasmin Spirit and an inland well-blow out in Georgia.
SAFETY FIRST IN MARINE SPILL RESPONSE
Authors: Brown Keith 
Published: January 2013

The Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) is the Australian Government agency responsible for managing Australia's National Plan to Combat Pollution of the Sea by Oil and other Noxious and Hazardous Substances (National Plan). AMSA achieves this by working with State/Northern Territory governments, the shipping, oil, exploration and chemical industries and emergency services to ensure there is an effective response to pollution incidents in the marine environment.
The National Plan has been in place since 1973. The purpose of the National Plan is to maintain a national integrated Government/industry organisational framework capable of effective response to oil or chemical pollution incidents in the marine environment and to manage associated funding, equipment and training programs to support National Plan activities.
Part of AMSA's management responsibilities under the National Plan is the coordination of a comprehensive National Training Program to familiarise personnel at all levels with the requirements of planning and responding to the needs arising from an oil or chemical spill.
Over many years the training program, developed and delivered by Commonwealth and State Governments and oil industry representatives, has been enhanced with a clear emphasis of improving and integrating responder Health and Safety into the overall management of a response.
IOSC WORKSHOP REPORT: A PROPOSED INTERNATIONAL GUIDE FOR OIL SPILL RESPONSE PLANNING AND READINESS ASSESSMENT
Authors: Taylor Elliott , Steen Alexis , Meza Mark , Couzigou Benjamin , Hodges Marc , Miranda Dario , Ramos Jeff , Moyano Miguel 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a proposed Oil Spill Response (OSR) Readiness assessment tool for international application that is designed to support spill response planning and readiness assessments by industry and government. This paper summarizes the content of a larger report developed by an IOSC Workshop Subcommittee and refined during an IOSC Special Workshop: Assessment of Oil Spill Response Capabilities held on 3 December 2007 in Gamboa, Panama.
Each nation and industry sector has different interests and areas of knowledge with respect to spill response priorities and capabilities. As personnel change jobs, their knowledge departs with them. Consequently, expectations for response capability and the manner by which it should be attained can vary. Requirements for levels of response competency may change over time, may not be balanced by the risk of spills, and may not support long-term readiness to meet actual spill risks.
There have been few attempts in the spill response community to prepare generic checklists or comprehensive guides for the assessment of response capability. Most guidance is focused on the content of OSR contingency plans. The current IOSC effort aims to be as comprehensive and as detailed as possible encompassing an entire OSR system or program. The IOSC Workshop Subcommittee prepared a broad suite of planning and readiness assessment elements to encourage improved response capacity by aiding development and maintenance of response management systems from a site level to a multi-national level and to reach beyond OSR contingency planning. This approach turns the document into a powerful management tool for evaluating oil spill response capacity at different planning levels, from local, to regional, national and multi-national.
Government and industry representatives from Latin America and the Wider Caribbean Region met in Panama on 3 December 2007 to review and discuss the preliminary IOSC Guidelines. This paper and its companion report are intended to advance best international practice for OSR planning and readiness assessment. It is hoped that this IOSC Guide can be maintained as an evergreen tool by consistent use and feedback from within the spill response community.
AUTORIZACIÓN DEL USO DE DISPERSANTES EN AMÉRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE
Authors: Miranda Darío , Casco Alberto , Moyano Miguel 
Published: January 2013

RESUMEN
Los dispersantes se vienen utilizando para combatir derrames de hidrocarburos desde hace muchos años en varias partes del mundo. En la actualidad, estos productos están formulados para mitigar con rapidez y seguridad el daño potencial al medio ambiente que plantea un gran derrame de hidrocarburos. De hecho, los dispersantes se consideran una de las primeras opciones de respuesta con las que cuentan los responsables de controlar un derrame e incluso pueden ser aplicados concomitantemente con otras alternativas de atención o como complemento de éstas. ARPEL (Asociación Regional de Empresas de Petróleo y Gas Natural en Latinoamérica y el Caribe) desarrolló una Guía para ayudar a los encargados de la toma de decisiones, bien sean éstos miembros de las empresas o funcionarios de las entidades gubernamentales, a responder los interrogantes básicos que rodean el proceso de toma de decisiones. Aún cuando el proceso de aprobación, para que el uso de los diversos dispersantes sea autorizado dentro de un país determinado es una decisión exclusiva de los organismos gubernamentales correspondientes de cada país, para el presente trabajo y como parte complementaria de la Guía elaborada por ARPEL, se elaboró una modelo de estrategia que puede ser útil para desarrollar un proceso de construcción de una política nacional para la aprobación del uso de dispersantes en el manejo de derrames mayores de hidrocarburos.
DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATION OF THE OPERATIONAL OIL SPILL FORECAST SYSTEM TESEO
Authors: Abasca ANA J. , Castanedo Sonia , Gutierrez A. David , Medina Raul , Losada Inigo J. , Comerma Eric 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
In the framework of the ESEOO Project (Spanish Operational Oceanography System) a complete set of models has been developed to simulate oil spills transport and fate processes. These models have been integrated in a user friendly operational system called TESEO. The main objective of the TESEO system is to integrate the meteorological and oceanographic data as well as the oil properties data required by the oil spill model to provide the evolution of contaminating spills at a regional scale. The system is linked with the operational winds and currents forecast system and, consequently, is able to provide useful information to decision-makers in a crisis situation. The performance of TESEO system has been successfully tested during four operational oil spills exercises organized by the Spanish Maritime Safety and Rescue Agency (SASEMAR) with the collaboration of the ESEOO Group. In these exercises, the TESEO system was used to provide forecast spill trajectories and fate processes to decision-makers in real time. Detailed information regarding the operational requirements of the system and its utilization during the Finisterre-2006 exercise is presented in this paper. The Finisterre-2006 exercise, as well as the other operational exercises performed, shows the TESEO system'S capability as a useful tool in an oil spill response.
THE NAPOLI INCIDENT, DEVON UK–THE FORMAL NCP ENVIRONMENT GROUP
Authors: Colcomb Kevin 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The concept of an ENVIRONMENT GROUP (EG) was introduced into the UK maritime incident response process shortly after the SEA EMPRESS incident. The Groups role is to provide public health and environmental advice to all response units.
The NAPOLI incident presented responders with a highly complex matrix of issues concerned with major salvage, oil pollution at sea and onshore, potential for HNS into the sea and subsequent concerns for environment and public health.
Two response cells were set up:- a Salvage Control Unit for all salvage activity and a Marine Response Cell to respond to all pollution at sea. Unusually for a UK incident the response to oil and cargo ashore was dealt with by contractors engaged by the insurers.
The NAPOLI EG was set up immediately the container vessel was in difficulties, chaired by a UK Environment Agency officer. The Group was immediately tasked with evaluating the likely impact of a series of possible scenarios involving oil and/or cargo loss.
The key to successful management of environmental considerations was the communications network set up between the response cells at Portland Coastguard, the operational EG and the specialist scientists and technicians in UK government departments/agencies. Whilst the EG individual members have specific responsibilities associated with their parent bodies regulatory status, the Groups remit is to present one voice to the response cells when consulted on any issue. That process can be challenging when meeting short timelines.
Advice taskings were essentially split between immediate environmental consultations e.g use of dispersants in the event of a spill, and discrete “project” risk evaluations and monitoring protocols e.g. modeling of releases of specific cargo and development of risk assessments and worst case scenarios. Project work was typically carried out by people away from the operations centre thus freeing up the operational EG to concentrate on live issues on a day by day basis.
The operational EG maintained regular conference calls with UK government specialists to discuss the need for, the modus operandi and the progress and outcomes of environmental monitoring.
CENTRO REGIONAL DE ENTRENAMIENTO DE RESPUESTA A DERRAMES DE HIDROCARBUROS EN EL MEDIO MARINO COSTERO GUATEMALA
Authors: de Navio Teniente 
Published: January 2013

RESUMEN
Después de trabajar con las Brigadas de Respuesta a Derrames de Hidrocarburos en las zona de los Litorales Atlíntico y Pacifico de Guatemala, y el desarrollo de los Planes de Contingencia a nivel local; se presenta el Proyecto de crear un Centro Regional de entrenamiento en respuesta a los Derrames de Hidrocarburos en el medio Marino Costero, que seria importante para los países de Centroamérica y el Caribe.
Este estaría ubicado en la zona del Caribe guatemalteco, en el Puerto de Santo Tomas de Castilla, Izabal; con la finalidad de capacitar y entrenar, a todas las personas que se desempeñen en esta írea.
Otra importancia que tiene Centro América y el Caribe es por sus características geogríficas, que la convierten como írea de ecosistemas vulnerable en lo que se refiere a la conservación de la flora y fauna marino costero.
Existen infinidad de proyectos para conservar el Golfo de Honduras, como actualmente se le conoce al írea marítima del Océano Atlíntico de los países de Belice, Guatemala y Honduras; pero, esta propuesta, unirí mís a todas las entidades privadas, del estado y del medio ambiente; en capacitar a todas las personas que participan en exportar petróleo o importar sus derivados por la vía marítima, y que tengan contacto con el mar.
CENTRO DE RESCATE DE TORTUGAS MARINAS DEL COMANDO NAVAL DEL PACÍFICO DE GUATEMALA
Authors: Navio Teniente de 
Published: January 2013

RESUMEN
El Comando Naval del Pacifico de la Marina de la Defensa Nacional de Guatemala, ha trabajado duro por mís de 15 años en conservar la flora y fauna marino costera de nuestro país; haciendo que se respeten las leyes nacionales e internacionales en salvar las especies marinas.
Un claro caso es la Tortuga Marina, o Padama; como se conoce en el litoral del Pacifico de Guatemala. Nace, crece y se reproduce desde México y los países de Centroamérica; pero presenta varios problemas durante su periodo de vida, como lo son, los depredadores y personas que les gusta consumir los huevos, creyendo que son afrodisíacos para la potencia sexual.
Por esta situación, el Comando Naval del Pacifico (antes Base Naval del Pacifico), como las personas de la región lo conocen; inicio el proyecto de conservar la tortuga marina. Este fue fundado en el año de 1990, recolectando los huevos de tortuga parlama y depositíndolos en un tor tugar io, para que; al tiempo que nacen los neonatos (aproximadamente de tres meses), se procede a liberarlos en la playa del comando naval.
UNITED STATES NATIONAL RESPONSE TEAM GUIDELINES FOR PLACES OF REFUGE DECISION-MAKING FOR VESSELS NEEDING ASSISTANCE
Authors: Bergmann Pamela , DeVries Mark 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The major oil spills that resulted from the T/V ERIKA and M/V PRESTIGE breaking up and sinking off the coasts of France in December 1999 and Spain in November 2002, respectively, underscored the need for regulatory authorities, natural resource trustees, and other stakeholders to conduct pre-incident planning for vessels needing assistance. Both of these incidents provided the impetus for the development of places of refuge guidelines. By the end of 2003, both the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the Australian Government had developed guidelines for places of refuges decision-making. By the end of 2006, places of refuge guidelines had also been developed and adopted by a number of entities in North America; including, the Alaska, Region 9, and Region 10 Regional Response Teams (RRTs) and the Pacific States/British Columbia Oil Spill Task Force (Pacific States/BC Task Force).
In August 2006, the United States (U.S.) National Response Team (NRT) created an NRT Places of Refuge Workgroup (NRT POR Workgroup) to develop nationwide places of refuge guidelines for use throughout the U.S. The resulting NRT Guidelines for Places of Refuge Decision-Making (NRT POR Guidelines), which were approved by the NRT in July 2007, were based on the places of refuge guidelines developed (and adopted) by the Alaska RRT in 2004.
This paper provides an overview of the development of the NRT POR Guidelines, a brief overview of key elements of the document, and a discussion of the successful implementation of the concepts included in the NRT POR Guidelines in five incidents in Alaska.
POTENTIAL PLACES OF REFUGE FOR SHIPS IN DISTRESS–THE CALIFORNIA APPROACH TO DEVELOPING DATA CAPTURE AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES
Authors: Faurot-Daniels Ellen , Dietrich Kelly 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
California'S coastal Area Contingency Planning Committees began the process to develop “California Distressed Vessel/Potential Places of Refuge (PPOR)” data-gathering and decision-making tools in July 2006. The first step in this process was for members of California'S statewide Area Contingency Plan (ACP) Committee to be open to the possibility they may allow a distressed vessels into their backyard. Next, they were challenged with representing non-situational data in a common data collection format for use by all six California coastal Area Committees. Modeled largely on the PPOR products developed in Alaska, the committee relied on the Regional Response Team IX Guidelines, and the Commandant Instruction (COMDTINST) 16451.9 U.S. Coast Guard Places of Refuge Policy Enclosure (2) (POR Job Aid) resources. Stakeholder involvement throughout this process helps to establish realistic expectations in advance and build trust between stakeholders and decision makers. The populated databases, located in the ACPs, will support incident-specific decision-making and risk assessment anywhere in California by any California Federal On-Scene Coordinator or Unified Command during an actual Places of Refuge (POR) event.
MODELING AS A SCIENTIFIC TOOL IN NRDA FOR OIL AND CHEMICAL SPILLS
Authors: French-McCay Deborah 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
In natural resource damage assessments, as well as in analyses of response alternatives, modeling is a useful and effective scientific tool in assessing injury and risk. Often field data documenting spill impacts are incomplete, such that injuries are underestimated or impossible to assess. In order to quantify impacts using field observations, comprehensive sampling of affected biota is needed in both exposed and unaffected areas. Because marine organisms are so patchy in their distribution, large numbers of stations and samples within stations are needed to accurately map abundance. Such extensive sampling of all (or even selected) species affected is often not feasible, given the rapidity at which the evidence disappears (by scavenging of killed organisms and by migration of animals into the impacted area). What is feasible and cost-effective, is to estimate impacts using existing scientific knowledge of the fates and toxicity of oil components, along with as much site-specific data as is available or feasible to collect. Oil and chemical fates and effects models integrate this information into a form that may be calibrated to and/or verified with field data, such that injuries are quantified with a combined field-based and modeling approach.
SMALL SCALE PILOT PROJECT AS A TOOL FOR PLANNING LARGE SCALE RESTORATION
Authors: Craig Leslie J. , Pride Tom 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The use of pilot studies can be a useful tool in determining the most appropriate location, method and design for a large scale restoration project. This paper provides a case study where Trustees implemented a small pilot project and feasibility study to determine the best approach for a large scale oyster reef creation project. While the specific case study is the result of a CERCLA settlement (Alafia River Acid Spill of 1997), this model is transferable to other instances where Trustees are scoping for the most appropriate sites and methods to conduct settlement funded restoration.
The Restoration Plan and Environmental Assessment on which the case settlement was based called for creation of approximately 4 acres of oyster reef in addition to 4 acres of estuarine marsh restoration. Through an initial scoping process, the Trustees determined that more information was needed to select the most appropriate locations and techniques to implement the large scale oyster restoration project. The Trustees identified 3 general locations with potential for larger scale oyster reef creation. A portion of settlement funding was used to contract for construction and monitoring of an oyster reef pilot project to examine the efficacy of oyster reef construction at the three locations using 4 different cultch materials. At each of the locations, 4 small reefs (approximately 75’ × 20’) were constructed and monitored for spat set, oyster survival and growth as well as subsidence. A baseline construction report and final monitoring report detailed the results. In addition, a separate report was completed that outlined the feasibility of constructing a 4 acre oyster reef in Hillsborough Bay, FL. This report included several construction considerations such as local sources and costs of cultch materials, shipping/transport, staging areas, construction equipment as well as potential local contractors.
This paper reports the results of the oyster pilot project and feasibility report as well as lessons learned from each approach.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE AVAILABILITY OF APPROPRIATE RESTORATION PROJECTS AND INJURY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Kern John , Dipinto Lisa , Rapp John 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) process under the Oil Pollution Act regulations is restoration-focused. In order to proceed with a NRDA after Preassessment Phase activities are completed, the natural resource trustees must determine that feasible restoration actions are available to address the potential injuries resulting from the discharge of oil. If this determination is made, the trustees can move forward and conduct injury assessment and injury quantification as part of the Restoration Planning Phase. The availability of appropriate restoration alternatives for natural resources can have a profound effect on the nature of both injury assessment and injury quantification that is necessary for a particular oil spill.
This paper examines that relationship, using some examples from settled oil spill NRDA cases to illustrate how the availability of appropriate and cost-effective restoration alternatives can reduce the overall cost of a NRDA and the length of time necessary to reach an appropriate settlement. The type of restoration and the degree to which it is scaleable can also influence both cost and time to reach settlement. It also discusses some of the factors that are important in determining to what degree restoration opportunities influence the injury assessment and quantification process for oil spills, including geographic location, previous experience with similar spills, and the degree of cooperation that exists between the trustees and the responsible party.