bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Automatic Evaluation System for Contrast‐Detail Phantom Images in Digital Radiography
Authors: Lin Chuen‐Horng , Lin Chih‐Yang , Cheng Yu‐Jung , Chan Yung‐Kuan 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTCurrently, contrast‐detail phantom (CD phantom) images are widely used to assist medical experts for diagnosis, because these images can be used to study imaging quality and assess the radiation dose amount for digital X‐ray imaging systems. However, the quality of the CD phantom image varies from person to person, increasing the possibility of false diagnosis. In this article, we propose an automatic evaluation system to measure the quality of a phantom image an alternative to assessment by radiologists. The proposed method is based on bilinear pixel interpolation, geometric transformation, and region shifting to efficiently and objectively evaluate the quality of a phantom image. Moreover, misjudgment modification is also proposed to further improve the recognition accuracy. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is very close to that of the radiologists observations. The results have also proven that the proposed method is a feasible way to evaluate the quality of a phantom image in an objective and automatic manner.
Image deconvolution using incomplete Fourier measurements
Authors: Yang Hang , Zhang Zhongbo , Wu Danyang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this article, we propose a new deconvolution algorithm, which is based on image reconstruction from incomplete measurements in Fourier domain. Our algorithm has two steps. First, an initial estimator is obtained using Fourier regularized inverse operator. Second, parts of the estimator's Fourier coefficients are saved, and the others are removed to suppress noise energy, then the remaining coefficients are used to recover image based on the sparse constraints. This image reconstruction problem is an optimization problem that is solved by a fast algorithm named split Bregman iteration. Different from other deconvolution algorithms, our algorithm only uses parts of Fourier components to restore the blurred image and combines two different regularization strategies efficiently by applying a selection matrix. The experiment shows that our method gives better performance than many other competitive deconvolution methods. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 22, 233–240, 2012
Water PMF for predicting the properties of water molecules in protein binding site
Authors: Zheng Mingyue , Li Yanlian , Xiong Bing , Jiang Hualiang , Shen Jingkang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWater is an important component in living systems and deserves better understanding in chemistry and biology. However, due to the difficulty of investigating the water functions in protein structures, it is usually ignored in computational modeling, especially in the field of computer‐aided drug design. Here, using the potential of mean forces (PMFs) approach, we constructed a water PMF (wPMF) based on 3946 non‐redundant high resolution crystal structures. The extracted wPMF potential was first used to investigate the structure pattern of water and analyze the residue hydrophilicity. Then, the relationship between wPMF score and the B factor value of crystal waters was studied. It was found that wPMF agrees well with some previously reported experimental observations. In addition, the wPMF score was also tested in parallel with 3D‐RISM to measure the ability of retrieving experimentally observed waters, and showed comparable performance but with much less computational cost. In the end, we proposed a grid‐based clustering scheme together with a distance weighted wPMF score to further extend wPMF to predict the potential hydration sites of protein structure. From the test, this approach can predict the hydration site at the accuracy about 80% when the calculated score lower than −4.0. It also allows the assessment of whether or not a given water molecule should be targeted for displacement in ligand design. Overall, the wPMF presented here provides an optional solution to many water related computational modeling problems, some of which can be highly valuable as part of a rational drug design strategy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PaDEL‐DDPredictor: Open‐source software for PD‐PK‐T prediction
Authors: He Yuye , Liew Chin Yee , Sharma Nitin , Woo Sze Kwang , Chau Yi Ting , Yap Chun Wei 
Published: November 2012

AbstractADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity)‐related failure of drug candidates is a major issue for the pharmaceutical industry today. Prediction of PD‐PK‐T properties using in silico tools has become very important in pharmaceutical research to reduce cost and enhance efficiency. PaDEL‐DDPredictor is an in silico tool for rapid prediction of PD‐PK‐T properties of compounds from their chemical structures. It is free and open‐source software that, has both graphical user interface and command line interface, can work on all major platforms (Windows, Linux, and MacOS) and supports more than 90 different molecular file formats. The software can be downloaded from http://padel.nus.edu.sg/software/padelddpredictor. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Relation Between Mindfulness and Fear of Negative Evaluation Over the Course of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Burton Mark , Schmertz Stefan K. , Price Matthew , Masuda Akihiko , Anderson Page L. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesThis study examined the relation between mindfulness and fear of negative evaluation over the course of nonmindfulness based cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD). We expected that higher levels of mindfulness would be associated with a more positive response to treatment.MethodThis study is a secondary report from a randomized controlled trial in which participants (N = 65) diagnosed with SAD were randomly assigned to receive 8 weeks of 1 of 2 manualized treatments (exposure group therapy, n = 33; or virtual reality exposure therapy, n = 32) either immediately or following an 8 week waiting period.ResultsFear of negative evaluation decreased following treatment and was negatively related to mindfulness throughout treatment and follow‐up. Mindfulness did not moderate treatment outcome.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that while mindfulness is related to fear, it is not a moderator of symptom reduction in nonmindfulness‐based treatment. Implications for treatment and future research are discussed.
Membrane‐dispersion reactor in homogeneous liquid process
Authors: Jia Zhiqian , Liu Zhongzhou 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFor homogeneous liquid processes, mixing at molecular scale may influence selectivity, yield and quality of final products. In a membrane‐dispersion reactor, microporous membranes are employed as dispersion media for controlled feeding of one solution into another one to intensify micromixing. The reactor has been widely used in the preparation of nanoparticles, preparation of nanocapsules and liposomes, synthesis of polymers, parallel and consecutive reactions to improve nanoparticles quality, molecular weight distribution of polymer, or selectivity of complex reactions. This paper reviewed the progress of the membrane‐dispersion reactor in homogeneous liquid processing including features, applications, advantages and limits. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry.
Production and hydrolytic efficiency of enzymes from Trichoderma reeseiRUTC30 using steam pretreated wheat straw as carbon source
Authors: Alvira Pablo , Gyalai‐Korpos Miklós , Barta Zsolt , Oliva José Miguel , Réczey Kati , Ballesteros Mercedes 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundAdvances on enzyme technology have improved the economics of cellulosic ethanol. Nevertheless, there is still great interest to improve the production and the characteristics of the enzymatic preparations. One possibility to reduce the cost of the enzymes is on‐site enzyme production in a biorefinery plant, in which part of the lignocellulosic material already available can be used as a cheap carbon source in the enzyme production.ResultsSteam exploded wheat straw at two different severity conditions was evaluated as carbon source for enzyme production by Trichoderma reesei. The results showed that volumetric production of cellulases and β‐glucosidase increased when using a carbon source with high cellulose content. When a carbon source with a higher content of hemicellulose was used the enzymatic mixture showed significantly higher proportions of hemicellulase activities (xylanase, β‐xylosidase and α‐L‐arabinofuranosidase), which had a positive effect on subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis.ConclusionsThe proportion of cellulose and hemicellulose in the carbon source has an influence on the composition of the enzymatic cocktail. The higher the cellulose and hemicellulose content, the higher the titer of cellulase and hemicellulase produced by the fungus, respectively. The enzyme preparations with higher hemicellulase activities were more efficient in hydrolyzing xylan‐containing substrates. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mechanical properties, morphology and crystallization kinetic studies of bio‐based thermoplastic composites of poly(butylene succinate) with recycled carbon fiber
Authors: Han Hongyan , Wang Xiaodong , Wu Dezhen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundBio‐based thermoplastic composites with high‐performance and low cost have attracted much interest due to their sustainability and their potential applications. The reinforcement of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) with recycled carbon fiber (RCF) not only gives this biodegradable material excellent physical properties to compete with conventional composites, but also provides a new route to the use of RCF with well controlled cost.ResultsBio‐based PBS/RCF composites were prepared by simple melt extrusion through a twin‐screw extruder. The evaluation of mechanical properties confirms a significant enhancement effect of RCF on PBS as a result of surface treatment of RCF with silane coupling agent. Morphological study indicates a homogeneous dispersion of RCF in the matrix due to the good interfacial interaction between fibers and PBS. The investigation of crystallinity verifies that RCF plays the role of nucleation agent in the crystallization process of PBS matrix and remarkably accelerates its crystallization rate.ConclusionThe incorporation of RCF is advantageous for the enhancement of mechanical properties, heat resistance, and processability of PBS‐based materials. PBS/RCF composites can be used to many fields as a low‐cost biodegradable material having high performance. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry.
Monoethanolamine and ionic liquid aqueous solutions as effective systems for CO2 capture
Authors: Baj Stefan , Siewniak Agnieszka , Chrobok Anna , Krawczyk Tomasz , Sobolewski Aleksander 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDIonic liquids are regarded as future effective absorbents of CO2, however high viscosity of this medium limits its use in industry. To resolve the problem a mixture of alkanolamine, ionic liquids and water was proposed as a CO2 absorbent and the influence of solution composition on the volume of CO2 absorbed was determined.RESULTSIn most binary mixtures of ionic liquids and water tasted the presence of water does not affect the overall capacity of absorption mixture except for the 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate where each mol of water added to the mixture reduces the volume of CO2 that could be absorbed by more than one mole. The capture of CO2 using three‐component systems of water/ionic liquid/monoethanolamine (MEA) was systematically investigated with two selected ionic liquids: 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium octylsulfate. It was shown that the volume of CO2 absorbed is linearly dependent on the mass fraction of components for 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium octylsulfate over the entire experimental domain whereas in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate the interaction between ionic liquid and water substantially decreases the volume of CO2 absorbed.CONCLUSIONSThe best results for CO2 absorption were obtained using the three component system 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate/monoethanolamine/water. Optimization of the composition of an IL‐MEA‐water mixture allows tuning of the properties of the medium. The CO2 absorption capacity of the mixture is mainly a function of MEA concentration and, to a lesser degree, of the concentration of IL possessing chemisorption abilities. The presence of water decreases the viscosity of the mixture and therefore facilitates the application of IL‐based media in industrial applications. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Modeling and optimization of bioethanol production via a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process using starch
Authors: Jang Ming‐Feng , Chou Yi‐Shyong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDBioethanol is an attractive alternative fuel because it is less carbon‐intensive than oil and is also a renewable bio‐based energy source. The aim of this study is to present a mathematical modeling approach in order to describe the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPB‐G for the production of bioethanol using starch.RESULTSAn unstructured model was proposed for model parameters that are independent of initial operating conditions, but have a highly predictive capability that can be used in process optimization and control. The predictions of the proposed models were compared with experimental data and against the results of other models presented in the literature.CONCLUSIONA technique of gradually expanding the search domain combined with a genetic algorithm was proposed to successfully speed up the optimization computation of parameter estimation. Compared with an earlier model presented in the literature, the proposed model shows more versatility with fewer numbers of parameters and fixed values of parameters, and provides a satisfactory prediction capability. The proposed model was used to investigate the process optimization of batch culture. Numerical results may provide various process alternatives for planning the productivity of bioethanol. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Mapping Planar Graphs into Projective Cubes
Authors: Naserasr Reza 
Published: November 2012

AbstractProjective cubes are obtained by identifying antipodal vertices of hypercubes. We introduce a general problem of mapping planar graphs into projective cubes. This question, surprisingly, captures several well‐known theorems and conjectures in the theory of planar graphs. As a special case , we prove that the Clebsch graph, a triangle‐free graph on 16 vertices, is the smallest triangle‐free graph to which every triangle‐free planar graph admits a homomorphism.
REMITTANCES AS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY: STEPPING STONES OR SLIPPERY SLOPE?
Authors: Mughal Mazhar Y. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPakistan is one of the world's top 10 remittance receiving countries. This paper examines the potential for the use of remittances as a development strategy. Remittances to Pakistan do seem to promote growth and reduce economic inequality and poverty. However, they also cause the Dutch disease, are inflationary, and tend to be pro‐cyclical. The paper describes the challenges in employing remittances as the cornerstone of the country's development model, particularly the loss in competitiveness, volatility and the development of a dependency mindset that high remittance inflows can foster. In the end, some steps are suggested that are needed to be taken in this regard. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential effects of low‐ and high‐dose GW2974, a dual epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2 kinase inhibitor, on glioblastoma multiforme invasion
Authors: Wang Lulu , Liu Qian , Zhao Hong , Cui Kemi , Yao Linli , Nie Fang , Jin Guangxu , Hao Aijun , Wong Stephen T.C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAberrant expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB1) and HER2 (ErbB2) tyrosine kinases frequently occurs in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients and is considered to be associated with tumor malignancy and poor patient prognosis. In the present study, a dual EGFR and HER2 inhibitor (GW2974) was evaluated for its effects in GBM in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that low‐concentration GW2974 inhibited GBM cell invasion, whereas a high concentration of the same compound counteracted this effect. Similar results were observed in an intracranial GBM xenograft model, in which, although both doses of GW2974 slowed tumor growth, no improvement in survival was observed in mice treated with high‐dose GW2974, presumably because of the augmentation of tumor invasion. By protein microarray and Western blot analyses, the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was found to be activated in GBM cells under high‐concentration GW2974. Additionally, blockage of the p38 MAPK pathway reproduced the inhibitory effect of low‐concentration GW2974 on cell invasion. These data suggest that the p38 MAPK pathway might contribute to the differential regulation of cell invasion by GW2974. Taken together, our results indicate that GW2974 exerts different effects in GBM depending on drug dosage. This offers a new perspective on the role of GW2974 in tumor progression, providing a potential strategy for GBM treatment based on precise prescription. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Construction of a daily precipitation grid for southeastern South America for the period 1961–2000
Authors: Jones P. D. , Lister D. H. , Harpham C. , Rusticucci M. , Penalba O. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTDaily station precipitation totals are used to develop a gridded dataset for the region (14°–40°S, 45°–70°W) on a 0.5° × 0.5° latitude/longitude grid, primarily for comparison with regional climate model (RCM) simulations. The gridded dataset covers the period 1961–2000. Much of the paper discusses the quality control of the basic station precipitation series. Although the primary aim of the development has been RCM validation, we have assessed trends in seasonal precipitation totals as well as trends in two measures of precipitation extremes (R95p, the daily precipitation amount exceeded only 5% of the time and Rx5day, the maximum 5‐d precipitation total during each season). Relatively few regions across the large domain have statistically significant trends, but those that do tend to be located in the eastern two thirds of the grid, particularly over southeastern Brazil and Uruguay. Significant trends are also more evident in the DJF and MAM seasons. There is good spatial agreement between the trends in seasonal totals and trends in the extreme indices.
Spatial and temporal variations in air temperature and precipitation in the Chinese Himalayas during the 1971–2007
Authors: Yang Jianping , Tan Chunping , Zhang Tingjun 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe Chinese Himalayas (CH) is highly sensitive to global climate change. The analyses of monthly mean air temperature and monthly precipitation data during the 1971–2007 from 24 meteorological stations show a significant increase of 0.31 °C per decade or about 1.15 °C for annual mean air temperature over the entire region. The temperature rise occurs primarily during the period of 1991–2007, up to 0.73 °C per decade. Climate warming is characterized by all‐year temperature increase in particular during winters with the maximum value of 0.38 °C per decade during the 1971–2007, up to 1.24 °C per decade during 1991–2007. Distributions of annual temperature trends show significant south‐to‐north, low‐to‐high and east‐to‐west warming trends to increase with the latitude and elevation while to decrease with the longitude in the CH, respectively. Annual precipitation increases, but not significantly during the 1971–2007. Seasonal precipitation has no significant trend during the same period, either. Spatial discrepancy of the variations in precipitation is particularly great. It is evident that the climate was significantly warming and drying in the western CH over the past 37 years.
A synoptic characterization of the dust transport and associated thermal anomalies in the Mediterranean basin
Authors: Gaetani M. , Pasqui M. , Crisci A. , Guarnieri F. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIn this work the possibility to characterize the daily dust transport and associated thermal anomalies in the Mediterranean through circulation type classification (CTC) methods is explored. The dust loads are estimated through two different sources: the aerosol optical depth (AOD) simulated by the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model in the period 2000–2007 and AOD remote sensed by the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in the period 2001–2010. The dust transport from the Sahara is identified linking the AOD anomalies to the thermal anomalies into the Mediterranean, studying the covariance modes of AOD and air temperature at 850 hPa from the NASA Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) dataset. The time series of the expansion coefficients associated to the first two modes, explaining around 90% of the total covariance, allow to describe the dust transport and thermal anomalies in the eastern, western and central Mediterranean sub‐basins. The circulation types are classified using the MERRA geopotential height at 700 hPa in the period 1979–2010. Two classification methods are tested, based on T‐mode and S‐mode principal component analysis (PCA), with 6, 10 and 14 classes. The performance of the CTC methods in the characterization of the dust and thermal anomalies is evaluated and the best method is selected. Results show that a T‐mode PCA method with 14 classes allows the characterization of dust transport and thermal anomalies in the eastern and western Mediterranean, while the variability in the central Mediterranean is well characterized by a S‐mode PCA method with 10 classes.
WRFhigh resolution simulation of Iberian mean and extreme precipitation climate
Authors: Cardoso R. M. , Soares P. M. M. , Miranda P. M. A. , Belo‐Pereira M. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIn this study precipitation from a high resolutionWRFclimate simulation is presented and evaluated against daily gridded observations in the Iberian Peninsula. The simulation corresponds to a dynamical downscaling ofERA‐Interim, in the period 1989–2009, performed with two nested grids, at 27 and 9 km horizontal resolution. The higher resolution simulation indicates a significantly improved representation of Iberian precipitation fields, at all timescales, with emphasis on the representation of variability and of extreme weather statistics. Results compare well with recent studies with other models and/or for other regions, further supporting the use ofWRFas a regional climate model.