bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mother‐Citizen and the Working Girl: First‐Wave Feminist Citizenship Claims in Canada and Discursive Opportunities for Twenty‐First Century Childcare Policy
Authors: Hallgrimsdottir Helga K. , Benoit Cecilia , Phillips Rachel 
Published: February 2013

L'État providence Canadien est déséquilibré: leader mondial dans certains domaines de l'investissement social—plus particulièrement en soins de santé et enseignement supérieur—il traîne dans d'autres domaines de la dépense d'aide sociale, y compris les politiques de garde d'enfants. Nous constatons qu'aujourd'hui la résistance dans la plupart des régions du Canada à la politique de garde d'enfants universel a des racines historiques profondes. Elle est de fait intégré dans le cadre même du bien‐être social canadien: le contrat de citoyenneté sociale. Nous employons une approche de “bas en haut” sur l'état du bien‐être en nous concentrant sur la façon dont les acteurs collectifs, en particulier, les féministes de la première vague et leurs contemporains au sein des organisations du mouvement ouvrier, ont encadrées et caractérisé la citoyenneté sociale féminine; Nous constatons que l'exclusion de l'adhésion des femmes employées tronque les possibilités discursives par lesquelles des revendications pour des provisions universelles de bien‐être sociale pourraient être apportées.Canada's welfare state is lopsided: while leading the world in some areas of social investment—most notably health care and higher education—it is a laggard in other areas of social welfare spending, including childcare policies. We find that policy resistance to universal childcare in most regions of Canada today has deep historical roots and is, indeed, embedded into the very framework of the Canadian welfare state: the social citizenship contract. We employ a “bottom‐up” perspective on the welfare state focusing on how collective actors, in particular, first‐wave feminists and their contemporaries within labor movement organizations, framed and characterized female social citizenship in ways that excluded employed women from full membership and, in this, truncated discursive opportunities by which claims for universal welfare state provisions could be made.
Preparation, Characterization, and Thermophysical Properties of (La0.95Sr0.05)2Ce2O6.95 Ceramic for Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Song , Lv Jian‐Guo , Li Gang , Chen Xiao‐Ge , Wang Xin‐Li 
Published: February 2013

The La2Ce2O7 powder doped with Sr was synthesized by sol‐gel method in this study and its dense bulk samples were also prepared by pressureless‐sintered at 1600°C for 10 h. Its phase composition, microstructure, and thermophysical property were investigated. Results reveal that pure (La0.95Sr0.05)2Ce2O6.95 with single fluorite structure was successfully synthesized. Microstructure of bulk sample is dense. Its thermal expansion coefficient is higher than that of Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) and its thermal conductivity is lower than that of YSZ. These results show that (La0.95Sr0.05)2Ce2O6.95 ceramic can be explored as the candidate material for thermal barrier coatings.
Assessment of capsule endoscopy scoring index, clinical disease activity, and C‐reactive protein in small bowel Crohn's disease
Authors: Yang Li , Ge Zhi‐Zheng , Gao Yun‐Jie , Li Xiao‐Bo , Dai Jun , Zhang Yao , Xue Han‐Bing , Zhao Yun‐Jia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and Study AimsSmall bowel Crohn's disease (SBCD) patients are frequently assessed by capsule endoscopy (CE), which enables direct visualization of small bowel mucosal abnormalities; however, the correlations between CE scoring index (CESI), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and disease activity indices remain undefined. We aimed to determine correlations between the CESI, clinical disease activity indices, and CRP in SBCD patients.Patients and MethodsA prospective study was conducted between October 2008 and February 2011 on 58 established SBCD patients and suspected patients who received a definitive SBCD diagnosis during study. Patients underwent complete CE and were scored according to the CESI and Harvey–Bradshaw index (HBI). Statistical correlation among CESI, HBI, and CRP was assessed.ResultsWeak, but significant, correlations were found between CESI and HBI (r = 0.4, P < 0.01). The correlation between CESI and CRP was moderate (r = 0.58, P < 0.01). The median CRP value was significantly higher in patients with moderate to severe CESI compared with the mild group (22.60 ± 16.79 mg/L vs 11.88 ± 8.39 mg/L, P < 0.01). Changes between baseline and follow‐up CESI failed to correlate with the delta‐HBI or delta‐CRP (both, P > 0.05).ConclusionsIn this cohort of SBCD patients, clinical disease activity index was not reliable predictors of mucosal inflammation. CRP, however, might be a useful inflammatory marker for evaluating the moderate to severe CE activity in SBCD patients. Furthermore, therapy‐induced clinical and biological improvement was not associated with repair of SBCD mucosal lesions.
THE CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM: MOVING BEYOND UNI‐ AND BIVARIATE ANALYSIS
Authors: Aguiar‐Conraria Luís , Soares Maria Joana 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA body of work using the continuous wavelet transform has been growing. We provide a self‐contained summary on its most relevant theoretical results, describe how such transforms can be implemented in practice, and generalize the concept of simple coherency to partial wavelet coherency and multiple wavelet coherency, moving beyond bivariate analysis. We also describe a family of wavelets, which emerges as an alternative to the popular Morlet wavelet, the generalized Morse wavelets. A user‐friendly toolbox, with examples, is attached to this paper.
The association between polyploidy and clonal reproduction in diploid and tetraploidChamerion angustifolium
Authors: Baldwin Sarah J. , Husband Brian C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractClonal reproduction is associated with the incidence of polyploidy in flowering plants. This pattern may arise through selection for increased clonality in polyploids compared to diploids to reduce mixed‐ploidy mating. Here, we test whether clonal reproduction is greater in tetraploid than diploid populations of the mixed‐ploidy plant,Chamerion angustifolium,through an analysis of the size and spatial distribution of clones in natural populations usingAFLPgenotyping and a comparison of root bud production in a greenhouse study. Natural tetraploid populations (N = 5) had significantly moreAFLPgenotypes ( = 10.8) than diploid populations ( = 6.0). Tetraploid populations tended to have fewer ramets per genotype and fewer genotypes with >1 ramet. In a spatial autocorrelation analysis, ramets within genotypes were more spatially aggregated in diploid populations than in tetraploid populations. In the greenhouse, tetraploids allocated 90.4% more dry mass to root buds than diploids, but tetraploids produced no more root buds and 44% fewer root buds per unit root mass than diploids. Our results indicate that clonal reproduction is significant in most populations, but tetraploid populations are not more clonal than diploids, nor are their clones more spatially aggregated. As a result, tetraploids may be less sheltered from mixed‐ploidy mating and diploids more exposed to inbreeding, the balance of which could influence the establishment of tetraploids in diploid populations.
Sucrose functions as a signal involved in the regulation of strawberry fruit development and ripening
Authors: Jia Haifeng , Wang Yuanhua , Sun Mingzhu , Li Bingbing , Han Yu , Zhao Yanxia , Li Xingliang , Ding Ning , Li Chen , Ji Wenlong , Jia Wensuo 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Fleshy fruits are classically divided into climacteric and nonclimacteric types. It has long been thought that the ripening of climacteric and nonclimacteric fruits is regulated by ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA), respectively. Here, we report that sucrose functions as a signal in the ripening of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), a nonclimacteric fruit.

Pharmacological experiments, as well as gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies, were performed to demonstrate the critical role of sucrose in the regulation of fruit ripening.

Fruit growth and development were closely correlated with a change in sucrose content. Exogenous sucrose and its nonmetabolizable analog, turanose, induced ABA accumulation in fruit and accelerated dramatically fruit ripening. A set of sucrose transporters, FaSUT1–7, was identified and characterized, among which FaSUT1 was found to be a major component responsible for sucrose accumulation during fruit development. RNA interference‐induced silencing of FaSUT1 led to a decrease in both sucrose and ABA content, and arrested fruit ripening. By contrast, overexpression of FaSUT1 led to an increase in both sucrose and ABA content, and accelerated fruit ripening.

In conclusion, this study demonstrates that sucrose is an important signal in the regulation of strawberry fruit ripening.
The reliability of online information regarding orthognathic surgery available to the public
Authors: Cobb R.J. , Scotton W.J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to assess the quality of online information regarding orthognathic surgery using common internet searches.MethodsFive common search engines were queried using the string ‘orthognathic surgery OR jaw osteotomy OR surgical orthodontics’. The first 30 sites revealed by each search engine were reviewed and the content quality of the following components was assessed by two independent reviewers: indications, surgical procedure, complications, post‐operative healing and long term outcome. Components were scored 0 to 2 depending on whether topics were addressed and if in accordance with current accepted practice patterns.ResultsOf the 150 links, 138 were accessible. Fifty‐two per cent were orientated for laypeople. Sixty‐six per cent had an affiliation with a medical institution or professional organisation. Authors were mainly maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists (56%) or unspecified (33%). High scoring content components included indications and surgical procedure. Poorly scoring components included complications and long‐term outcome. Virtually, none of the websites were accredited by a healthcare website accreditation organisation.ConclusionsOnline information available to the public regarding orthognathic surgery is generally of poor quality. Certain critical aspects of the surgical process are often overlooked by websites.
Erupted rootless type III dense in dente (dilated odontoma) masquerading as peripheral gingival pathosis
Authors: Ide F. , Ito Y. , Muramatsu T. , Saito I. , Mishima K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDense in dente, also known as dense invaginatus or dilated odontoma, is a developed malformed tooth and usually does not pose a diagnostic challenge. Described here is a unique case in which a rootless type III dense in dente (dilated odontoma) between the lower deciduous molars in a 2‐year‐old girl emerged through the gingiva mimicking a peripheral developing odontoma. At the time of examination, neither anchored in bone nor associated with an underlying un‐erupted tooth. The small size, the superficial position in the growing mandible, the absence of the overlying bone and the physiologic eruptive movement of the neighbouring teeth may predispose the present rootless dense in dente to erupt in the gingiva.
Mycobacterium bovis DNA Detection in Colostrum as a Potential Indicator of Vaccination Effectiveness against Bovine Tuberculosis
Authors: Herrera-Rodríguez Sara E. , Gordiano-Hidalgo María Alejandra , López-Rincón Gonzálo , Bojorquez-Narváez Luis , Padilla-Ramírez Francisco Javier , Pereira-Suárez Ana Laura , Flores-Valdez Mario Alberto , Estrada-Chávez Ciro 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTBovine tuberculosis (bTB) remains a problem on many dairy farms in Mexico, as well as a public health risk. We previously found a high frequency ofMycobacterium bovisDNA in colostrum from dairy cows using a nested PCR to detectmpb70. Since there are no reliablein vivotests to determine the effectiveness of boosterMycobacterium bovisBCG vaccination against bTB, in this work we monitoredM. bovisDNA in colostrum by using this nested PCR. In order to decrease the risk of adverse reactions in animals likely containing viableM. bovis, a single application of BCG and a subunit vaccine (EEP-1) formulated withM. bovisculture filtrate proteins (CFP) and a copolymer as the adjuvant was performed in tuberculin skin test-negative cattle (TST−), while TST reactor animals (TST+) received EEP-1 only. Booster immunization using EEP-1 was applied to both groups, 2 months after primary vaccination to whole herds and 12 months later to lactating cows. Colostrum samples were collected from 6 farms where the cows were vaccinated over a 12-month period postvaccination and, for comparison, from one control farm where the cows were not vaccinated with comparable bTB prevalence. We observed an inverse relationship between the frequency ofM. bovisDNA detection and time postvaccination at the first (P< 0.001) and second (P< 0.0001) 6-month periods. Additionally, the concentration of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was higher inmpb70PCR-positive colostrum samples (P= 0.0003). These results suggest thatM. bovisDNA frequency in colostrum could be a potentially useful biomarker for bTB vaccine efficacy on commercial dairy farms.
Genetic Screen of a Mutant Poxvirus Library Identifies an Ankyrin Repeat Protein Involved in Blocking Induction of Avian Type I Interferon
Authors: Laidlaw Stephen M. , Robey Rebecca , Davies Marc , Giotis Efstathios S. , Ross Craig , Buttigieg Karen , Goodbourn Stephen , Skinner Michael A. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Mammalian poxviruses, including vaccinia virus (VACV), have evolved multiple mechanisms to evade the host type I interferon (IFN) responses at different levels, with viral proteins targeting IFN induction, signaling, and antiviral effector functions. Avian poxviruses (avipoxviruses), which have been developed as recombinant vaccine vectors for permissive (i.e., poultry) and nonpermissive (i.e., mammals, including humans) species, encode no obvious equivalents of any of these proteins. We show that fowlpox virus (FWPV) fails to induce chicken beta IFN (ChIFN2) and is able to block its induction by transfected poly(I·C), an analog of cytoplasmic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). A broad-scale loss-of-function genetic screen was used to find FWPV-encoded modulators of poly(I·C)-mediated ChIFN2 induction. It identified
fpv012
, a member of a family of poxvirus genes highly expanded in the avipoxviruses (31 in FWPV; 51 in canarypox virus [CNPV], representing 15% of the total gene complement), encoding proteins containing N-terminal ankyrin repeats (ANKs) and C-terminal F-box-like motifs. Under ectopic expression, the first ANK of
fpv012
is dispensable for inhibitory activity and the CNPV ortholog is also able to inhibit induction of ChIFN2. FWPV defective in
fpv012
replicates well in culture and barely induces ChIFN2 during infection, suggesting that other factors are involved in blocking IFN induction and resisting the antiviral effectors. Nevertheless, unlike parental and revertant viruses, the mutants induce moderate levels of expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), suggesting either that there is sufficient ChIFN2 expression to partially induce the ISGs or the involvement of alternative, IFN-independent pathways that are also normally blocked by
fpv012
.
Colorectal Cancer Cells Refractory to Anti-VEGF Treatment Are Vulnerable to Glycolytic Blockade due to Persistent Impairment of Mitochondria
Authors: Xu Jie , Wang Jilin , Xu Bin , Ge Haiyan , Zhou Xiaolin , Fang Jing-Yuan 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Antiangiogenesis therapy has shed new light on cancer treatment, but its effectiveness, especially for overall patient survival, is still controversial. Here, we show that antiangiogenesis treatment causes a persistent suppression of mitochondria biogenesis in colorectal cancer cells, which renders them more sensitive to glycolytic blockade therapy. We first analyzed bevacizumab-resistant colon cancer xenografts by two-dimensional Blue Native/SDS-PAGE and found a serious and persistent loss of mitochondrial protein complex I. Further metabolic assays revealed significantly impaired mitochondrial function and hyperactive glycolysis, which were concomitant with the upregulation of HIF-1 and Hsp70. The treatment of bevacizumab-resistant cells with the glycolysis inhibitor 3-BrPA caused cell senescence in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of 3-BrPA to xenograft mice bearing bevacizumab-resistant cells also resulted in smaller tumor volume and longer survival. These data provide direct evidence for the mitochondrial destruction of bevacizumab-resistant tumor cells and suggest that glycolysis blockade may potentiate the therapeutic effect of antiangiogenesis treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(5); 717–24. ©2013 AACR.
Soluble CD40 ligand impairs the anti-platelet function of peripheral blood angiogenic outgrowth cells via increased production of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Khzam Lara , Hachem Ahmed , Zaid Younes , Boulahya Rahma , Mourad Walid , Merhi Yahye 
Published: February 2013

SummaryAdult peripheral blood angiogenic early outgrowth cells (EOCs), also known as early endothelial progenitor cells, interact with other blood and vascular cells and may regulate atherothrombosis. We have previously shown that endothelial progenitor cells inhibit platelet function and thrombus formation. The CD40L/CD40 axis is a thrombo-inflammatory mediator that affects platelet and endothelial functions. It has been shown that EOCs express CD40, whereas platelets represent the major source of its soluble ligand (sCD40L), which impairs EOC function. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the sCD40L/CD40 axis affects the anti-platelet function of EOCs. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived EOCs in culture inhibited platelet aggregation. Pre-treatment of EOCs with sCD40L reduced their in-hibitory effect on platelet aggregation in a CD40-dependent manner. EOCs viability and release of the anti-aggregating agents, prostacyclin and nitric oxide, were not affected by sCD40L. However, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased in sCD40L–treated EOCs. Blockade of ROS reversed the effects of sCD40L–treated EOCs on platelet aggregation. This study reveals that the sCD40L/CD40 axis impairs the anti-platelet properties of EOCs through increased production of ROS. These data may explain the link between elevated levels of sCD40L, impaired activity of EOCs and enhanced platelet reactivity, and consequently the occurrence of atherothrombotic disease.
Reconnecting Genes, Languages and Material Culture in Island Southeast Asia: Aphorisms on Geography and History
Authors: Denham Tim , Donohue Mark 
Published: February 2013

The Holocene history of Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) is dominated by the ‘Out-of-Taiwan’ hypothesis and derivatives, such as the spread of the Island Southeast Asian Neolithic. According to these ideas, approximately 4500–4000 years ago, farmer-voyagers from Taiwan migrated southward into ISEA to subsequently acculturate, assimilate or displace pre-existing inhabitants. These processes are considered to have produced a consilience between human genetics, Austronesian languages and the archaeological record within ISEA, although recurrent critiques have questioned these putative correspondences. These critiques have proposed that each line of evidence should be independently evaluated and considered, rather than assumed to correspond.
In this paper, the authors advocate a fuller engagement with and a deeper understanding of the spatial and temporal processes that structure archaeological, genetic and linguistic distributions within Island Southeast Asia. Geography and history are often marginalized in discussions of the Holocene history of ISEA, yet both are fundamental to the interpretation and reconciliation of multidisciplinary data within the region. These themes are discussed using aphorisms that are designed to be illustrative, namely to promote thought and reflection, rather than to be comprehensive.
The Rhinological Manifestations of Women's Health
Authors: Saxby Alexander J. , Pace‐Asciak Pia , Dar Santos Rachelle C. , Chadha Neil K. , Kozak Frederick K. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature and appraise the evidence reporting the effects of women's health, including pregnancy, postpartum, menstruation, oral contraception, menopause, and hormone replacement therapy, on common rhinological pathologies and nasal physiology.Data SourcesSystematic search strategy using MEDLINE (1966‐2012) and EMBASE (1980‐2012) databases.Review MethodsTitle review, abstract screening, and then full paper analysis were undertaken by 2 authors independently. Level of evidence was graded according to the Oxford Centre of Evidence Based Medicine 2011 criteria and risk of bias assessment using the Jadad scale for randomized controlled trials and Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale for cohort and case‐controlled studies.ResultsOver the 46 years analyzed, the search strategy produced 2904 titles. In total, 314 abstracts were screened, from which 192 full‐text articles were evaluated, and 145 research papers met all the criteria for inclusion in the study. Overall, the available evidence was of low quality. Seventy percent of studies (102 of 145) were case reports or case series from which only limited conclusions can be drawn. Only 3% of the included papers (4 of 145) were randomized controlled studies. The remaining data were mainly of a prospective cohort design. Study heterogeneity in design and measured outcomes resulted in data synthesis being limited to a descriptive/exploratory review. Study findings are presented by women's health category and then by rhinological manifestation with important clinical correlations highlighted.ConclusionPhysiological and hormonal changes occurring as a normal part of women's health have an important influence on rhinological function and disease.
Cochlear Implantation versus Hearing Amplification in Patients with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Pelosi Stanley , Wanna George , Hayes Cathrine , Sunderhaus Linsey , Haynes David S. , Bennett Marc L. , Labadie Robert F. , Rivas Alejandro 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivePatients with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) exhibit altered neural synchrony in response to auditory stimuli. Cochlear implantation (CI) is thought to improve neural synchrony in response to auditory stimuli and improve speech perception relative to conventional hearing amplification (HA).Study DesignRetrospective review.SettingTertiary otologic practice.Subjects and MethodsSubjects included patients with ANSD treated at Vanderbilt University from 1999 to 2011. Sixteen patients underwent CI, and 10 received binaural HAs. Pretreatment performance was assessed through speech reception thresholds and parent questionnaire (Infant‐Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale [IT‐MAIS]). Posttreatment outcomes were assessed using IT‐MAIS and closed‐/open‐set speech perception scores.ResultsTwo HA users underwent neuromaturation and were excluded from further analysis. For the remaining patients, median duration of device use was 48 months. All CI patients had a prior binaural HA trial with failure of auditory skills development. Median available pretreatment IT‐MAIS score was 13 and 30 for CI and HA groups, respectively (rank sum test, P =. 32). Posttreatment, 6 of 16 CI patients and 4 of 8 HA patients achieved open‐set speech perception scores ≥60%. No differences between groups were found in posttreatment IT‐MAIS scores (rank sum test, P =. 11) or the percentage of patients achieving the above levels of open‐set speech perception (Fisher exact test, P =. 67).ConclusionsA wide range of speech perception outcomes are observed in ANSD patients. In our ANSD population, patients who exhibited failure of auditory skills development with HAs were able to achieve comparable overall speech perception outcomes after CI relative to those who continued to make appropriate auditory progress with HAs alone.