bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow Mechanism Study on the Effect of Controllable Speed Casing With Different Axial Starting Points on Transonic Compressor Rotor Stability
Authors: Zhao Jiayi , Wu Wanyang , Zhong Jingjun , Zeng Lingyan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The controllable speed casing represents an exploring approach to casing technology, designed to enhance the adaptability of casing in compressors under variable working conditions. This paper developed a numerical study into the effects of the axial starting point of the rotatable ring in the controllable speed casing on stability enhancement and performance. Additionally, the study sought to unveil the action mechanism of the rotating casing on various flow elements within the tip passage. The findings indicated that the optimal axial starting point for achieving the most pronounced stability enhancement effect in each rotating speed of the rotatable ring was located at the tip leading edge. In terms of the flow mechanism, the rotation of the rotatable ring was found to enhance the throughflow of the mainstream and the tip vortex, while exacerbating the backflow of the tip leakage flow, which occurred at middle and rear of the tip clearance and had not evolved into tip vortex.
LX1 Dual Targets AR Variants and AKR1C3 in Advanced Prostate Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ning Shu , Armstrong Cameron M. , Xing Enming , Leslie Amy R. , Gao Richard Y. , Sharifi Masuda , Schaaf Zachary A. , Lou Wei , Han Xiangrui , Xu Desiree H. , Yang Rui , Cheng Jeffrey , Mohammed Shabber , Mitsiades Nicholas , Liu Chengfei , Lombard Alan P. , Wu Chun-Yi , Cheng Xiaolin , Li Pui-Kai , Gao Allen C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The development of resistance to current standard-of-care treatments, such as androgen receptor (AR) targeting therapies, remains a major challenge in the management of advanced prostate cancer. There is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies targeting key resistant drivers, such as AR variants like AR-V7, and steroidogenic enzymes, such as aldo–keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3), to overcome drug resistance and improve outcomes for patients with advanced prostate cancer. Here, we have designed, synthesized, and characterized a novel class of LX compounds targeting both the AR/AR variants and AKR1C3 pathways. Molecular docking and in vitro studies demonstrated that LX compounds bind to the AKR1C3 active sites and inhibit AKR1C3 enzymatic activity. LX compounds were also shown to reduce AR/AR-V7 expression and to inhibit their target gene signaling. LX1 inhibited the conversion of androstenedione into testosterone in tumor-based ex vivo enzyme assays. In addition, LX1 inhibited the growth of cells resistant to antiandrogens including enzalutamide (Enza), abiraterone, apalutamide, and darolutamide in vitro. A synergistic effect was observed when LX1 was combined with antiandrogens and taxanes, indicating the potential for this combination in treating resistant prostate cancer. Treatment with LX1 significantly decreased tumor volume, serum PSA levels, as well as reduced intratumoral testosterone levels, without affecting mouse body weight. Furthermore, LX1 was found to overcome resistance to Enza treatment, and its combination with Enza further suppressed tumor growth in both the CWR22Rv1 xenograft and LuCaP35CR patient-derived xenograft models. Collectively, the dual effect of LX1 in reducing AR signaling and intratumoral testosterone, along with its synergy with standard therapies in resistant models, underscores its potential as a valuable treatment option for advanced prostate cancer.
Significance: LX1 simultaneously targets androgen receptor variants and the steroidogenic enzyme AKR1C3, offering a promising approach to combat drug resistance and enhancing therapeutic efficacy in conjunction with standard treatments for advanced prostate cancer.
Lifecourse Growth and Development Determinants of Mammographic Density in Black Women
Authors: Bigham Zahna , Holder Etienne X. , Rodday Angie Mae , Breeze Janis L. , Nelson Kerrie P. , Palmer Julie R. , Freund Karen M. , Bertrand Kimberly A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
High mammographic density is one of the strongest breast cancer risk factors; however, determinants of high mammographic density are understudied in Black women. We assessed growth and development factors across the lifecourse in relation to mammographic density.

Methods:
Within the Black Women’s Health Study, we used Cumulus software to assess percent mammographic density from digital screening mammograms for 5,905 women ages 40 to 74 years. We fit linear regression models to quantify the association of lifecourse characteristics including birthweight, childhood somatotype, age at menarche, body mass index (BMI) at age 18 years, height, BMI at mammography, and adulthood waist-to-hip ratio with density overall and by age. We also performed a path analysis to assess the total and mediating effects of the growth and development factors on density.

Results:
BMI at age 18 years, height, BMI at mammography, and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly and inversely associated with density. On path analysis, total effects of childhood somatotype (standardized β = −0.05, P &lt; 0.001), BMI at age 18 years (standardized β = −0.13, P &lt; 0.001), BMI at mammography (standardized β = −0.22, P &lt; 0.001), and waist-to-hip ratio (standardized β = −0.04, P &lt; 0.001) were associated with density.

Conclusions:
Several factors across the lifecourse—greater childhood somatotype, BMI at age 18 years, height, BMI at mammography, and waist-to-hip ratio—were associated with lower mammographic density in this cohort of Black women.

Impact:
Body size closer to the time of mammography may be more meaningful in determining mammographic density, though early-life adiposity also influences mammographic density.
See related In the Spotlight, p. 1541
A Lei de Defesa da Probidade Administrativa possui um regime jurídico coerente com o Direito Administrativo sancionador?
Authors: Magami Junior Roberto Tadao 
Published: August 2024

Law No. 14,230/2021 promoted a significant reconfiguration of the Administrative Improbity Law, as, among other aspects, it consolidated the application of the legal regime of Sanctioning Administrative Law (art. 1, §4), which has already been notoriously applied by the Superior Court of Justice, in contrast to the Federal Supreme Court's understanding that the nature of the assessments was civil. The STF, when the judgment of General Repercussion nº 1199 demonstrated the possible revision of its old understanding regarding the civil nature of the legal regime, but what was the extent and depth of this approach when deciding on the non-retroactivity of the provisions contained in the new legislation exclusively to convictions for negligent acts of improbity, as well as the recognition of the presence of the subjective element – ​​intent – ​​for the configuration of any and all acts of administrative improbity and, finally, the immediate application of the new general and intercurrent limitation periods? What is the true origin of Sanctioning Administrative Law? What is the legal nature of assessments arising from acts that constitute administrative improbity?
Bonobo geophagy at Wamba
Authors: Toda Kazuya , Fasbender David 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Geophagy, the deliberate consumption of earth materials, is widely observed in animals. While anecdotal evidence exists of bonobos (Pan paniscus) consuming soil from Cubitermes termite mounds, the functions of their geophagic behavior remains unexplored. This study aims to examine a preliminary hypothesis that termite mound geophagy of free-ranging bonobos at Wamba are helpful for iron supplementation. Here, we tested the following three predictions: (1) the soil of Cubitermes termite mounds at Wamba would have high iron content, (2) bonobos would engage in termite mound geophagy regularly across all seasons, and (3) termite mound soil would be more often consumed by (a) females than males, (b) pregnant than non-pregnant females, and (c) adolescents than adults. As predicted, soil samples collected from the pointy protrusions on the caps of the mushroom-shaped mounds, the part typically consumed by bonobos, had a much higher iron content than other food items for them. In addition, geophagic behavior was noted on 48 out of 116 days (41.3%) with full-day focal animal sampling, and was observed throughout the entire study duration without any bias in frequency toward a certain period. However, contrary to our prediction, there was no significant variation in the frequency of geophagic behavior by sex nor by pregnancy status, although it occurred more frequently among adolescents than adults. Our findings partially support the Iron Supplementation Hypothesis, suggesting that Cubitermes termite mound soils could offer a readily accessible source of iron for bonobos. However, we cannot draw definitive conclusions on the function of their geophagic behavior from our findings without in vitro studies examining whether the ingested iron is bioavailable and whether the soil does not have properties inhibiting iron absorption. Nonetheless, this study is a first step to explore the health implications of geophagy in bonobos, extending our knowledge of this behavior in primates.
The Effect of Intra-household Mobile Phone Use on Household Food and Nutrition Security in Tanzania
Authors: Ngwilizi David , Selejio Onesmo , Ruhinduka Remidius D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study explores the effect of intra-household mobile phone use on household food and nutrition security in Tanzania. It utilises the sample size of 1,184 households with information on male and female mobile phone use status from the National Panel Survey-Sex Disaggregated Data (NPS-SDD) collected in 2019/20. To offset the potential endogeneity bias from gender digital use choice, the study employs instrumental variable regression and a bivariate probit model in the analysis. The results indicate that the magnitude of the effect of female mobile phone users on household food and nutrition security is consistently larger and statistically significant than that of male mobile phone users. It also demonstrates that mobile phone users in rural areas have a more significant effect on a household’s welfare than their counterparts in urban areas. These findings highlight the importance of closing the gender digital inclusion gap and urban-rural digital disparities to expedite efforts to improve households’ well-being.
Transplantation in adult patients with Epstein-Barr virus–associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: yes or no?
Authors: Yao Shuyan , He Lingbo , Suolitiken Dina , Zou Heshan , Zhu Yingxin , Wang Yini 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome characterized by aberrant immunological activity with a dismal prognosis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–associated HLH (EBV-HLH) is the most common type among adults. Patients with EBV infection to B cells could benefit from rituximab, whereas lethal outcomes may occur in patients with EBV infection to T cells, nature killer cells, or multilineages. The necessity of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in adult patients with EBV-HLH remains controversial. A total of 356 adult patients with EBV-HLH entered this study. Eighty-eight received HSCT under medical recommendation. Four received salvage HSCT. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate for patients who underwent HSCT was 48.7% (vs 16.2% in patients who did not undergo transplantation; P &lt; .001). There was no difference in OS between patients who received transplantation at first complete response (CR1) and those at first partial response (PR1) nor between patients at CR1 and CR2. Patients who received transplantation at PR2 had inferior survival. The rate of reaching CR2 was significantly higher in patients with CR1 than PR1 (P = .014). Higher soluble CD25 levels, higher EBV-DNA loads in plasma after HSCT, poorer remission status, more advanced acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and the absence of localized chronic GVHD were associated with inferior prognosis (P &lt; .05). HSCT improved the survival of adult EBV-HLH significantly. For patients who achieved PR after initial treatment, HSCT was recommended. A wait-and-see strategy could be adopted for patients who achieved CR after initial treatment but with the risk of failing to achieve CR2.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase Herc1 modulates the response to nucleoside analogs in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jankovic Maja , Poon William W. L. , Gonzales-Losada Cristobal , Vazquez Gabriela Galicia , Sharif-Askari Bahram , Ding Yi , Craplet-Desombre Constance , Ilie Alexandru , Shi Jiantao , Wang Yongjie , Jayavelu Ashok Kumar , Orthwein Alexandre , Mercier François Émile 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
For several decades, induction therapy with nucleoside analogs, in particular cytarabine (Ara-C) and, to a lesser extent, fludarabine, has been the standard of care for patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the antitumor efficacy of nucleoside analogs is often limited by intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, thereby leading to poor therapeutic response and suboptimal clinical outcomes. In this study, we used genome-wide CRISPR-based pharmacogenomic screening to map the genetic factors that modulate the response to nucleoside analogs in AML and identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Herc1, as a key modulator of Ara-C response in mouse AML models driven by the KMT2A/MLLT3 fusion or by the constitutive coexpression of Hoxa9 and Meis1, both in vitro and in vivo. Loss of HERC1 enhanced nucleoside analog–induced cell death in both murine and human AML cell lines by compromising cell cycle progression. In-depth proteomic analysis and subsequent validation identified deoxycytidine kinase as a novel target of Herc1 in both mouse AML models. We observed that HERC1 is overexpressed in AML when compared with other cancer types and that higher HERC1 expression was associated with shorter overall survival in patients with AML in the The Cancer Gene Atlas program (TCGA) and BEAT-AML cohorts. Collectively, this study highlights the importance of HERC1 in the response of AML cells to nucleoside analogs, thereby establishing this E3 ubiquitin ligase as a novel predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AML.
The influence of exercise intensity on comorbid anxious behavior in psychiatric conditions
Authors: Hwang Dong-Joo , Kim Tae-Kyung 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany experts have extensively studied the potential of exercise as a treatment option for psychiatric conditions, including depression and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite their core symptoms, these conditions exhibits comparable component traits, an anxiety. In this study, we explored the effect of exercise on behavioral abnormalities in psychiatric conditions, focusing on its intensity and emotional resilience. Shank3B knockout (KOSED) mice displaying self-injurious repetitive behavior and C57BL/6J mice, susceptible to stress as ASD and depression model, respectively, were subjected to moderate-intensity exercise (ME) for 2 weeks. ME mitigated the core symptoms (excessive grooming traits and behavioral despair) but did not exert a significant anxiolytic effect. Notably, exercise intensity has emerged as a critical determinant of its efficacy, as evidenced by a lower ventilation threshold and anxiolytic effect mediated by low-intensity exercise. The findings substantiate the notion that exercise is promising as a disease-modifying treatment, but intensity matters for emotional resilience.
Graphical Abstract
Effect of dapagliflozin on readmission and loop diuretics use in patients with acute heart failure: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study
Authors: Wu Dong , Ma Zhen , Wang Xiaoying , Wang Xiaowu , Wang Xiaojuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with acute heart failure remains unclear.

Objective
To investigate the impact of dapagliflozin (DAPA) on loop diuretics use and 90-day readmission in patients with acute heart failure.

Methods
In a retrospective cohort study, patients diagnosed with acute heart failure or chronic heart failure with acute exacerbation admitted to Fuyang People’s Hospital from January 2021 to April 2023, this study used DAPA (at a dose of 10 mg once daily) in combination with standard treatment. The patients were divided into DAPA group and DAPA-Free group based on whether they used DAPA in acute heart failure. To minimize the influence of confounding factors and ensure comparability between groups, we used propensity score matching (PSM).

Results
A total of 399 patients were included, with 206 patients (51.63%) in the DAPA group and 193 patients (48.37%) in the DAPA-Free group. PSM produced 160 pairs. After PSM, there were no statistically significant differences between the DAPA and DAPA-Free groups in terms of readmission of all causes (16.88% vs. 18.12%, OR 0.9141, 95% CI 0.5385–1.552, log rank P = 0.739) or readmission for heart failure (11.88% vs. 15.0%, OR 0.9077, 95% CI 0.4441–1.469, log rank P = 0.484) after 90-day follow-up. Patients in the DAPA group had a lower mean daily dose of intravenous loop diuretics compared to the DAPA-Free group (20 mg/d vs. 30.00 mg/d, P<0.001), lower total loop diuretic dose during hospitalization (106.06 ± 31.23 mg vs. 144.50 ± 45.39 mg, P = 0.038) and a decreased number of diuretic types used (11.88% vs. 23.12%, P = 0.008).

Conclusions
DAPA reduced the dose of intravenous loop diuretics. However, it did not improve all-cause readmission for 90 days or readmission for heart failure after discharge.
“It’s just part of who I am…” Living with chronic headache: voices from the CHESS trial, a qualitative study
Authors: Nichols Vivien P. , Ellard David R. , Griffiths Frances E. , Underwood Martin , Haywood Kirstie L. , Taylor Stephanie J. C. ,   On behalf of the CHESS team (Consortium), Nichols Vivien , Griffiths Frances , Achana Felix , Carnes Dawn , Eldridge Sandra , Hee Siew Wan , Higgins Helen , Mistry Dipesh , Mistry Hema , Newton Sian , Norman Chloe , Padfield Emma , Patel Shilpa , Petrou Stavros , Pincus Tamar , Potter Rachel , Sandhu Harbinder , Stewart Kimberley , Matharu Manjit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Between 2015 and 2019 the Chronic Headache Education and Self-management Study (CHESS) developed and tested a supportive self-management approach that aimed to improve outcomes for people with chronic migraine or chronic tension type headache with/without episodic migraine. However, a paucity of qualitative research which explored the lived experiences of people with chronic headache was evidenced. In response, we undertook to explore the experiences of living with chronic headaches of people who participated in the CHESS study.

Methods
We adopted qualitative methodologies, inviting participants in the CHESS study to participate in semi-structured interviews. In phase 1 (feasibility study), a thematic analysis was conducted. In phase 2 (main CHESS trial), interviews were informed by topic guides developed from our learning from the phase 1 interviews. Pen portrait methodology and thematic analysis was employed allowing us to explore the data longitudinally.

Results
Phase 1, 15 interviews (10 female) age range 29 to 69 years (median 47 years) revealed the complexities of living with chronic headache. Six overarching themes were identified including the emotional impact and the nature of their headaches. Phase 2, included 66 interviews (26 participants; median age group 50s (range 20s-60s); 20 females. 14 were interviewed at three points in time (baseline, 4 and 12 months) Through an iterative process four overlapping categories of headache impact emerged from the data and were agreed: i) ‘I will not let headaches rule my life’; ii) ‘Headaches rule my life’; iii) ‘Headaches out of control—something needs to change’; and iv) ‘Headaches controlled—not ruling my life’. One of these categories was assigned to each pen portrait at each timepoint.
The remaining 12 participants were interviewed at two time points during a year; pen portraits were again produced. Analysis revealed that the headache impact categories developed above held true in this sample also providing some validation of the categories.

Conclusions
These data give an insight into the complexities of living with chronic headache. Chronic headache is unpredictable, permeating all aspects of an individual’s life; even when an individual feels that their headache is controlled and not interfering, this situation can rapidly change. It shows us that more work needs to be done both medically and societally to help people living with this often-hidden condition.

Trial registration
ISRCTN79708100
Understanding the impact of distance and disadvantage on lung cancer care and outcomes: a study protocol
Authors: McInnerney Daisy , Quaife Samantha L. , Cooke Samuel , Mitchinson Lucy , Pogson Zara , Ricketts William , Januszewski Adam , Lerner Anna , Skinner Dawn , Civello Sarah , Kane Ros , Harding-Bell Ava , Calman Lynn , Selby Peter , Peake Michael D. , Nelson David 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the third most common cancer in the UK and the leading cause of cancer mortality globally. NHS England guidance for optimum lung cancer care recommends management and treatment by a specialist team, with experts concentrated in one place, providing access to specialised diagnostic and treatment facilities. However, the complex and rapidly evolving diagnostic and treatment pathways for lung cancer, together with workforce limitations, make achieving this challenging. This place-based, behavioural science-informed qualitative study aims to explore how person-related characteristics interact with a person’s location relative to specialist services to impact their engagement with the optimal lung pathway, and to compare and contrast experiences in rural, coastal, and urban communities. This study also aims to generate translatable evidence to inform the evidence-based design of a patient engagement intervention to improve lung cancer patients’ and informal carers’ participation in and experience of the lung cancer care pathway.MethodsA qualitative cross-sectional interview study with people diagnosed with lung cancer < 6 months before recruitment (in receipt of surgery, radical radiotherapy, or living with advanced disease) and their informal carers. Participants will be recruited purposively from Barts Health NHS Trust and United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trusts to ensure a diverse sample across urban and rural settings. Semi-structured interviews will explore factors affecting individuals’ capability, opportunity, and motivation to engage with their recommended diagnostic and treatment pathway. A framework approach, informed by the COM-B model, will be used to thematically analyse facilitators and barriers to patient engagement.DiscussionThe study aligns with the current policy priority to ensure that people with cancer, no matter where they live, can access the best quality treatments and care. The evidence generated will be used to ensure that lung cancer services are developed to meet the needs of rural, coastal, and urban communities. The findings will inform the development of an intervention to support patient engagement with their recommended lung cancer pathway.Protocol registrationThe study received NHS Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 23/SC/0255) and NHS Health Research Authority (IRAS ID 328531) approval on 04/08/2023. The study was prospectively registered on Open Science Framework (16/10/2023;https://osf.io/njq48).