bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Care Contingency Planning: Phased Responses and Triaging Framework
Authors: Taylor Bruce , Kemp Verity , Goldhill David , Waldmann Carl 
Published: December 2014

As most of our readers will be aware from previous publications and from the special articles contained in this edition, a lot of work has gone into highlighting the implications of an influenza pandemic for critical care services and trying to work out how to make the best use of the resources that may be available. The latest Department of Health Document ‘Pandemic influenza: surge capacity and prioritisation in health services – provisional UK guidance’ (available on the DH website) has made an encouraging start in providing official recognition of the problems likely to be encountered as a result of limited bed capacity, and also supports the concept that triaging decisions cannot be left to secondary care (and particularly critical care specialists) alone. Regrettably, however, even if its recommendations for patient selection are fully followed and the number of inappropriate referrals to critical care is reduced significantly, there is still a strong probability that during the peak of a pandemic the number of patients who are likely to benefit from critical care will still significantly exceed bed capacity – even if this is maximally expanded. In the original working of the Critical Care Contingency Planning Group a draft document on Phased Responses and Triaging was produced as a starter to addressing these difficulties. Further work on this was then put on-hold pending the production of official ethical guidance and other documentation to address these problems. However, now that these have been finalised and we still face potential dilemmas about how ICUs will be able to cope, feedback from critical care network discussions has persuaded us that it may be useful to circulate a revised version of this document, updated to include more recent recommendations, in the hope that this may be of help in assisting local planning. In particular, the document addresses two concepts that were initially felt to be inappropriate or unacceptable, but which now may be considered reasonable/realistic. These are the possibility of using some method of lottery selection if there are several appropriate referrals but insufficient bed numbers, and the fact that at some point there may be a requirement to accept temporary closure of intensive care to further referrals if no beds are available. It is hoped that consensus support for the principles of this document may help to produce reassurance for staff (with the support of local PCTs and Trust Management) that if potentially preventable deaths occur in such circumstances they will not be vulnerable to litigation or professional criticism when no other treatment options were available.
Physical Rehabilitation following Critical Illness
Authors: Baker Catherine , Mansfield Leigh 
Published: December 2014

The effects of critical illness and associated significant periods of immobility often result in patients requiring lengthy periods of rehabilitation. Patients frequently have diminished cardiac and respiratory reserve, together with generally decreased muscle strength and endurance. Myopathies and neuropathies are sometimes evident, and patients are frequently unable to carry out simple functional tasks. Although the need for physical rehabilitation is well established, substantive evidence to guide rehabilitation services is lacking. Research has been conducted to establish safe commencement of mobilisation, and expert opinion is that there is a generally accepted hierarchy of mobilisation techniques. As well as progressively increasing mobility, there are also suggestions that specific exercise programmes can influence weaning time and length of stay. Post discharge, evidence suggests that there is a need for on-going rehabilitation, and early research shows encouraging results. However, many questions remain unanswered. More evidence is required in order to establish what the best practice is for acute rehabilitation and for rehabilitation as part of follow-up care.
High Intensity Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy does not Improve Mortality in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Hornsby J 
Published: December 2014

In critically ill patients with acute kidney injury, high intensity continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) (effluent flow rate >25mL/kg/h) shows no benefit on 90-day mortality and is associated with more hypophosphataemia. Level of evidence: 1+ (RCT with a low risk of bias)
Report of the NAP4 Airway Project
Authors: Cook Tim , Harper Jane , Woodall Nick 
Published: December 2014

Major complications related to airway management over a 12-month period were reported and examined by an expert panel in the Royal College of Anaesthetists' fourth National Audit Project. Thirty-six reports originated in the intensive care unit, just under 20% of all reports, but resulted in 60% of deaths or significant neurological injury of all cases examined. Cases could be broadly divided into: failed or unrecognised oesophageal intubation; airway displacement; haemorrhage; airway problems during patient transfer; and other. Capnography was not used routinely and contributed to delayed recognition of airway problems. Staff managing complex airways did not always have advanced airway skills. Equipment and back-up planning was frequently deficient. The panel have made recommendations to attempt to improve airway management in the intensive care environment. This article is a précis of two chapters (chapter 9, Intensive care; and chapter 15, Major airway events in patients with a tracheostomy) in the NAP4 audit report. The complete report is available as referenced below.1 The British Journal of Anaesthesia has also published a report of airway events in intensive care and emergency departments from NAP4.2
Use of LMA during Percutaneous Tracheostomy
Authors: Pratt Tom , Bromilow James 
Published: December 2014

During percutaneous tracheostomy in a predominantly neurosurgical ICU population, ventilation using a laryngeal mask airway compared to an endotracheal tube, was associated with an improved visulisation of the intratracheal structures. Level of evidence: 1+ (RCT with a low risk of bias)
Functional Disability 5 Years after Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Ramaiah Ravi S , Kirk-Bayley Justin 
Published: December 2014

This prospective, longitudinal study is an extension of the seminal work by Herridge,1 which sheds light into the physical and psychological impairment, and the increased costs of healthcare services associated with critical illness following survival from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This benchmark paper stresses the need for family-centred, long-term rehabilitation after a prolonged critical illness. Level of evidence: 2C (Outcome/follow-up study)
Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.42 versus Ringer's Acetate in Severe Sepsis
Authors: Taylor Matthew George , Bromilow James 
Published: December 2014

Using hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.42 instead of crystalloid for fluid resuscitation of adult intensive care patients with severe sepsis increases mortality. Level of evidence: 1B (RCT with narrow confidence intervals)
Transfusion Strategies for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Balthazor David , Jefferson Oliver , Torlinski Tomasz 
Published: December 2014

In patients with significant gastrointestinal haemorrhage, the use of a transfusion trigger of a haemoglobin level of 7 g/dL instead of 9 g/dL demonstrated a significant survival benefit (NNT 25) together with a significant reduction in rates of rebleeding, adverse events and use of blood products. Level of evidence: 2B (non-blind, single centre RCT with a risk of bias)
Assessing complement blockade in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria receiving eculizumab
Authors: Peffault de Latour Régis , Fremeaux-Bacchi Véronique , Porcher Raphaël , Xhaard Aliénor , Rosain Jérémie , Castaneda Diana Cadena , Vieira-Martins Paula , Roncelin Stéphane , Rodriguez-Otero Paula , Plessier Aurélie , Sicre de Fontbrune Flore , Abbes Sarah , Robin Marie , Socié Gérard 
Published: December 2014

Key Points
CH50 activity reflects C5 blockade in PNH patients treated with eculizumab and is directly related to circulating free eculizumab levels. Both CH50 and free eculizumab level markers look promising for the monitoring of complement blockade in patients with PNH receiving eculizumab.
How I treat type 2 variant forms of von Willebrand disease
Authors: Tosetto Alberto , Castaman Giancarlo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractType 2 von Willebrand disease (VWD) includes a wide range of qualitative abnormalities of von Willebrand factor structure and function resulting in a variable bleeding tendency. According to the current classification, 4 different subtypes can be identified, each with distinctive phenotypic and therapeutic characteristics. Current available laboratory methods allow a straightforward approach to VWD subtyping, and although the precise molecular characterization remains complex, it is not required for appropriate treatment of the vast majority of cases. Desmopressin can be useful only in a few type 2 cases compared with patients with actual quantitative deficiency (type 1), most often in variants with a nearly normal multimeric pattern (type 2M). However, since no laboratory test accurately predicts response to desmopressin, a trial test should always be performed in all type 2 VWD patients, with the exception of type 2B ones. Replacement therapy with plasma-derived von Willebrand factor-factor VIII concentrates represents the safe mainstay of treatment of all patients, particularly those not responding to desmopressin or requiring a sustained hemostatic correction because of major surgery or bleeding. A significant patient bleeding history correlates with increased bleeding risk and should be considered in tailoring the optimal antihemorrhagic prophylaxis in the individual patient.
Hausdorff quasi-distances, periodic and fixed points for Nadler type set-valued contractions in quasi-gauge spaces
Authors: Włodarczyk Kazimierz 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In a quasi-gauge space

(
X
,
P
)

with quasi-gauge

P

, using the left (right)

J

-families of generalized quasi-pseudodistances on X (

J

-families on X generalize quasi-gauge

P

), the left (right) quasi-distances

D
η

L
−
J

(

D
η

R
−
J

) of Hausdorff type on

2
X

are defined,

η
∈
{
1
,
2
,
3
}

, the three kinds of left (right) set-valued contractions of Nadler type are constructed, and, for such contractions, the left (right)

P

-convergence of dynamic processes starting at each point

w
0

∈
X

is studied and the existence and localization of periodic and fixed point results are proved. As implications, two kinds of left (right) single-valued contractions of Banach type are defined, and, for such contractions, the left (right)

P

-convergence of Picard iterations starting at each point

w
0

∈
X

is studied, and existence, localization, periodic point, fixed point and uniqueness results are established. Appropriate tools and ideas of studying based on

J

-families and also presented examples showed that the results: are new in quasi-gauge, topological, gauge, quasi-uniform and quasi-metric spaces; are new even in uniform and metric spaces; do not require completeness and Hausdorff properties of the spaces

(
X
,
P
)

, continuity of contractions, closedness of values of set-valued contractions and properties

D
η

L
−
J

(
U
,
V
)
=

D
η

L
−
J

(
V
,
U
)

(

D
η

R
−
J

(
U
,
V
)
=

D
η

R
−
J

(
V
,
U
)

) and

D
η

L
−
J

(
U
,
U
)
=
0

(

D
η

R
−
J

(
U
,
U
)
=
0

),

η
∈
{
1
,
2
,
3
}

,

U
,
V
∈

2
X

; provide information concerning localizations of periodic and fixed points; and substantially generalize the well-known theorems of Nadler and Banach types.

MSC:54A05, 54C60, 47H09, 37C25, 54H20, 54H25, 54E15.
Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone Status in Pregnancy: Effect on Insulin Sensitivity, β-cell Function, and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kramer Caroline K. , Swaminathan Balakumar , Hanley Anthony J. , Connelly Philip W. , Sermer Mathew , Zinman Bernard , Retnakaran Ravi 
Published: December 2014

Context:
Previous studies have yielded conflicting findings on the relationship between vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We hypothesized that PTH may be an underlying factor relevant to this potential association.

Objective:
This study sought to evaluate the effect of vitamin D and PTH status on insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and glycemia in pregnancy.

Setting and Design:
Five-hundred-twenty-four women underwent a glucose challenge test (GCT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in late second/early third trimester. The GCT/OGTT identified 142 women with GDM, 94 with gestational impaired glucose tolerance, 163 with an abnormal GCT and normal OGTT, and 125 with normal GCT and OGTT.

Main Outcomes:
Glycemia was assessed by glucose tolerance status and area under the glucose curve (AUCgluc) on the OGTT. Insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were assessed by Matsuda index and Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 (ISSI-2), respectively.

Results:
There were 166 women (31.7%) with vitamin D deficiency (25-OH-D &lt; 50 nmol/L), 178 (34%) with insufficiency (25-OH-D ≥ 50 nmol/L and &lt; 75 nmol/L), and 180 (34.3%) with sufficiency (25-OH-D ≥ 75 nmol/L). Vitamin D status was not associated with Matsuda index, ISSI-2, AUCgluc, or glucose tolerance status. In contrast, ISSI-2 decreased and AUCgluc increased across ascending tertiles of PTH (P = .06 and P = .002, respectively). Indeed, the prevalence of GDM progressively increased from the first (22.6%) to second (25.8%) to third (33.5%) tertile of PTH (P &lt; .001). On logistic regression analyses, the third tertile of PTH was independently associated with GDM (adjusted OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.09–3.02; P = .022), whereas vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were not significant predictors of GDM.

Conclusions:
Increased PTH, rather than vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, is independently associated with dysglycemia in pregnancy.
Improvement of Raman Spectroscopic Densimetry for Carbon Dioxide Fluid
Authors: Takahata Kohei , Torimoto Junji , Yamamoto Junji 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We improved Raman spectroscopic densimetry for a CO2 fluid using a micro-Raman spectrometer with high spectral resolution. For precise determination of CO2 density, we obtained Δ, the separation of wavenumbers between two main peaks of the CO2 Raman spectrum, with a precision of ±0.006 cm−1 (1σ). This precision will be enhanced to ±0.003 cm−1 by increasing counts, corresponding to a density precision of ±0.0009 g cm−3, which is approximately one order of magnitude less than that reported in earlier studies.
Rhodium(III) Porphyrin-catalyzed Reactions via Activation of Alkynes
Authors: Hasegawa Makoto , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The cycloisomerization of 1,6-enynes catalyzed by rhodium(III) porphyrin under mild reaction conditions successfully afforded a five-membered ring system. The rhodium porphyrin was found to be a strong π-Lewis acid that could activate alkynes. Thus, rhodium porphyrin-catalyzed intramolecular Friedel–Crafts-type reactions of alkynes with arenes were also accomplished. Furthermore, rhodium porphyrin-catalyzed intermolecular cyclization of alkynes with styrenes afforded the indene derivatives.
Photochemistry of Atropisomers: Non-biaryl Atropisomers for Stereospecific Phototransformations
Authors: Clay Anthony , Kumarasamy Elango , Ayitou Anoklase J-L , Sivaguru Jayaraman 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This review highlights the use of atropisomeric (axially chiral) chromophores for stereospecific photoreactions. The presence of axial chirality in the substrate imparts excellent stereo (enantio- and diastereo-) control affording high selectivities in point chiral photoproducts. 6π-Photocyclization and [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition are detailed as exemplars to highlight the richness and diversity of atropisomers undergoing photochemical transformations.
Secondary Thioamides as Multidentate Ligands for Functional Metal Complexes
Authors: Okamoto Ken , Kuwabara Junpei , Kanbara Takaki 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This highlight review describes recent progress in thioamide-based transition-metal complexes, including their preparation methods and functionalities. In particular, pincer organometallics with secondary thioamide ligands are unique tools that can be used for applications in various areas such as chemical-sensor materials, tunable redox-potential complexes, polymer hybrid-luminescence materials, building blocks for multinuclear complexes, and catalysts for cross-coupling reactions.
Physico-chemical models of galena flotation system
Authors: Chettibi M. , Abramov A. , Boutrid A. 
Published: December 2014

Main idea to prevent the ground contamination by heavy metals is to extract them maximally with minimum consumption of chemical reagents. So, a perfect studying of pulp ionic structure, an adjustment of the sulphuric ores flotation parameters and modelling of minerals selectivity variables, by using the thermodynamic method of analysis, the behavior of lead xanthenes surface state in solution and experimental investigation results, allow obtaining quantitative physico-chemical models of minimum necessary xanthenes concentration of lead sulphide complete flotation.The optimal pH values, ensuring a complete flotation of galena agree with the potential of zero or minimum charge of its surface, and the optimal composition of the collector sorption layer consisting both of chemisorbed xanthenes and physically adsorbed dixanthenes.In additional, it was obtained quantitative models for the necessary xanthenes concentration of lead sulphide complete flotation in the case of different oxidation products from the galena surface in pH values from 7,0 up to 12,0.The models derived can be used as the criteria for functional units of automation systems to control and regulate the flotation process in mineral processing plants. All these should conduct to increasing of metals extraction degree with minimum chemical reagents consumption and providing good environmental protection.
An evolutionarily significant unicellular strategy in response to starvation in Dictyostelium social amoebae
Authors: Dubravcic Darja , van Baalen Minus , Nizak Clément 
Published: December 2014

The social amoebaDictyostelium discoideumis widely studied for its multicellular development program as a response to starvation. Aggregates of up to 106cells form fruiting bodies containing (i) dormant spores (~80%) that can persist for months in the absence of nutrients, and (ii) dead stalk cells (~20%) that promote the dispersion of the spores towards nutrient-rich areas.It is often overlooked that not all cells aggregate upon starvation. Using a new quantitative approach based on time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and a low ratio of reporting cells, we have quantified this fraction of non-aggregating cells. In realistic starvation conditions, up to 15% of cells do not aggregate, which makes this third cell fate a significant component of the population-level response of social amoebae to starvation. Non-aggregating cells have an advantage over cells in aggregates since they resume growth earlier upon arrival of new nutrients, but have a shorter lifespan under prolonged starvation. We find that phenotypic heterogeneities linked to cell nutritional state bias the representation of cells in the aggregating vs. non-aggregating fractions, and thus affect population partitioning. Next, we report that the fraction of non-aggregating cells depends on genetic factors that regulate the timing of starvation, signal sensing efficiency and aggregation efficiency. In addition, interactions between clones in mixtures of non-isogenic cells affect the partitioning of each clone into both fractions. We further build a numerical model to test the evolutionary significance of the non-aggregating cell fraction. The partitioning of cells into aggregating and non-aggregating fractions is optimal in fluctuating environments with an unpredictable duration of starvation periods. Our study highlights the unicellular component of the response of social amoebae to starvation, and thus extends its evolutionary and ecological framework.
IFLA 2014 – Aktivitäten der Sektion Bibliotheksbau und -einrichtung
Authors: Sommer Dorothea 
Published: December 2014

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Jahr fand der 80. Kongress der Internationalen Föderation der Bibliotheksverbände und ‑institutionen (IFLA) in Lyon in Frankreich statt. Die Sektion Bibliotheksbau und ‑einrichtung der IFLA organisierte bereits vorab in Zusammenarbeit mit der Sektion Bestandsentwicklung und Erwerbung eine Satellitenkonferenz in Paris. In Lyon wiederum gestaltete sie die Open Session in Zusammenarbeit mit der Sektion Alte Drucke und Handschriften. Zu beiden Ereignissen soll an dieser Stelle kurz Rückschau gehalten werden.
Textkritisches zu Sapph. Fr. 90a, col. III 22–23 V.
Authors: Benelli Luca 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Textual notes and new reconstruction of Sappho Fr. 90a, col. III 22-23 V. (from a papyrus commentary: P. Oxy. XXI 2293). In l. 23 ἀν[εμ]ο̣φορητο[ cannot be a lemma from a poem of Sappho, as printed by Voigt, because it has an impossible metrical structure and seems to be a late and prose word, not a poetic one. It also belongs to the language of exegetic and scholiastic works. An analysis of its occurrences could help to reconstruct the original Sapphic passage.
A New Sapphic Intertext in Horace
Authors: Phillips Tom 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article argues for a connection between Sappho’s ‘Charaxus Poem’ and Horace C.1.9.9-12. Horace’s lines rework the third stanza of Sappho’s poem, with consequences both for how Horace presents himself in this poem, and for his wider relation to the Lesbian poets.
Little Horror Stories in an Oxyrhynchus Papyrus: A Re-Edition and Commentary of P.Oxy. II 218
Authors: Leyra Irene Pajón 
Published: December 2014

AbstractP.Oxy. II 218 transmits a curious mixture of ethnographic and mythographic material, one of the few testimonies to the circulation of paradoxographic literature in Antiquity. In the central column it offers two ethnographic descriptions: a severe punishment for male infidelity and a strange ritual to be held on the death of a priest of Ares. Other sections preserve the remnants of a story of a flood sent by a god and a very unusual version of the myth of Zeus and Metis. This article presents a re-edition of and a new commentary on the papyrus.
The Development of the Greek Dynastic Cult under Ptolemy V
Authors: Lanciers Eddy 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe dating formula of P.Stan. Class. Inv. 2 provides important information about the development of the Greek dynastic cult in the years 199-193 BC. (1) The Theoi Soteres were officially omitted from the dating formulae of the Greek papyri. (2) Eucharistos remained the official cult epithet in Alexandria till the year 193. (3) The apotheosis of Ptolemy V should probably be dated between 3 August and 11 October 199. (4) Cleopatra was not immediately incorporated in the dynastic cult after her marriage with Ptolemy in winter 194/3.