bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of metoprolol during pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Ryu Rachel J. , Eyal Sara , Easterling Thomas R. , Caritis Steve N. , Venkataraman Raman , Hankins Gary , Rytting Erik , Thummel Kenneth , Kelly Edward J. , Risler Linda , Phillips Brian , Honaker Matthew T. , Shen Danny D. , Hebert Mary F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the steady‐state pharmacokinetics of metoprolol during pregnancy and lactation. Serial plasma, urine, and breast milk concentrations of metoprolol and its metabolite, α‐hydroxymetoprolol, were measured over 1 dosing interval in women treated with metoprolol (25–750 mg/day) during early pregnancy (n = 4), mid‐pregnancy (n = 14), and late pregnancy (n = 15), as well as postpartum (n = 9) with (n = 4) and without (n = 5) lactation. Subjects were genotyped for CYP2D6 loss‐of‐function allelic variants. Using paired analysis, mean metoprolol apparent oral clearance was significantly higher in mid‐pregnancy (361 ± 223 L/h, n = 5, P < .05) and late pregnancy (568 ± 273 L/h, n = 8, P < .05) compared with ≥3 months postpartum (200 ± 131 and 192 ± 98 L/h, respectively). When the comparison was limited to extensive metabolizers (EMs), metoprolol apparent oral clearance was significantly higher during both mid‐ and late pregnancy (P < .05). Relative infant exposure to metoprolol through breast milk was <1.0% of maternal weight‐adjusted dose (n = 3). Because of the large, pregnancy‐induced changes in metoprolol pharmacokinetics, if inadequate clinical responses are encountered, clinicians who prescribe metoprolol during pregnancy should be prepared to make aggressive changes in dosage (dose and frequency) or consider using an alternate beta‐blocker.
Peer Effect on Students’ Creative Self‐Concept
Authors: Karwowski Maciej 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCreative self‐concept has become a notable construct of interest in creativity literature in the last decade. The predictors, correlates, determinants, and consequences of self‐rated creativity, creative self‐efficacy, creative personal identity, and creative metacognition―as well as other self‐concept constructs―have been studied intensively, showing something more and something different about creativity than personal, cognitive, or motivational factors. This paper looks at creative self‐concept variables from both metatheoretical and empirical perspectives. The metatheoretical approach is shown through the adaption of predictions formulated outside creativity theory, especially in the field of educational psychology, for the creativity literature. Specifically, I examine hypotheses regarding peer influences on creative self‐concept. The findings show the somewhat restricted generalizability of theories developed within different traditions of psychology to creativity theory: specifically, there is no sign of the expected negative effect of peers’ creative abilities on an individual's creative self‐concept. Quite the opposite: creative peers in the classroom tend to strengthen an individual's creative self‐concept.
Challenges in the Management of Inverted Papilloma: A Review of 72 Revision Cases
Authors: Adriaensen Gwijde F. J. P. M. , Lim Keng‐Hua , Georgalas Christos , Reinartz Susanne M. , Fokkens Wytske J. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisWe report on the treatment outcome of endoscopically managed sinonasal inverted papilloma, focusing on revision cases. Our aim was to identify the properties of revision cases that affect treatment outcome by comparing them to primary cases in a single center. We propose using 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in the postoperative management of inverted papilloma.Study DesignA retrospective single‐center case series. This study met the criteria for approval by the local medical ethics committee.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review identifying patients operated on between January 2003 and September 2013. Data were collected about patient demographics, symptoms, tumor attachment site, imaging, intraoperative and pathological findings, surgical approaches, postoperative treatment, follow‐up, and recurrence.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐one (72 revision and 49 primary) cases were retrieved with a minimum follow‐up of 1 year. Revision cases have significantly higher Krouse staging (P = 0.003), different distribution of tumor attachment sites, and higher recurrence rates. The recurrence rate was 4.1% for primary cases (mean follow‐up 35.5 months) and 18.1% for revision cases (mean follow‐up 45 months). Eight of the recurrent cases recurred within the first year. 5‐fluorouracil was applied postoperatively in 18 (5 primary and 13 revision) cases, which included one (5.6%) recurrence and one minor complication (transient periorbital swelling).ConclusionThe most important factors in preventing the recurrence of inverted papilloma are the determination of the location of the attachment and the completeness of resection in the primary endoscopic surgery. Revision cases have a higher recurrence rate, and the attachment sites are surgically more challenging. The use of 5‐FU might have a place in the postoperative treatment of surgically challenging inverted papilloma.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:322–328, 2016
Cochlear implantation in children with unilateral hearing loss: A systematic review
Authors: Peters Jeroen P. M. , Ramakers Geerte G. J. , Smit Adriana L. , Grolman Wilko 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo systematically review the literature on cochlear implantation (CI) for children with unilateral hearing loss (UHL).Data SourcesPubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Embase databases were searched for articles up to June 29, 2015 for UHL, children and CI, and all of their synonyms.MethodsAfter screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts for eligible articles, directness of evidence (DoE) and risk of bias (RoB) were assessed for the included articles. Study characteristics and data on our outcomes of interest (speech perception in noise, sound localization, quality of life, and speech and language development) were extracted.ResultsIn total, 296 unique articles were retrieved, of which five articles satisfied the eligibility criteria. All of these articles were case series or case reports and had a low to moderate DoE and a high RoB. In these studies, heterogeneous findings were reported in small patient samples. Speech perception in noise and localization ability improved in most patients. Although only measured in one study each, quality of life and speech and language development improved. Most of these results were not statistically significant.ConclusionsNo firm conclusions can be drawn on the effectiveness of CI in children with UHL, due to heterogeneous findings, small sample sizes, and the lack of high Level of Evidence studies. Based on the findings of this systematic review, cochlear implantation may be an effective treatment option in children with UHL. Laryngoscope, 126:713–721, 2016
Gene expression of NMDA and AMPA receptors in different facial motor neurons
Authors: Chen Pei , Song Jun , Luo Linghui , Cheng Qing , Xiao Hongjun , Gong Shusheng 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisFacial motor neurons (FMNs) are involved in the remodeling of the facial nucleus in response to peripheral injury. This study aimed to examine the gene expression of alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor (NMDAR) in reinnervating dormant FMNs after facial nerve axotomy.Study DesignAnimal study.MethodsRat models of facial‐facial anastomosis were set up and raised until the 90th day. By laser capture microdissection (LCM), the reinnervating neurons labeled by Fluoro‐Ruby (FR) were first captured, and the remaining (dormant) neurons identified by Nissl staining were captured in the facial nucleus of the operated side. The total RNA of two types of neurons were extracted, and the gene expressions of AMPAR and NMDAR were studied by real‐time quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).ResultsMessenger RNA (mRNA) of AMPAR subunits (GluR1, GluR2, GluR3, and GluR4) and NMDAR subunits (NR1, NR2a, NR2b, NR2c, and NR2d) was detected in reinnervating and dormant neurons. The relative ratios exhibited that the expressions of GluR1, GluR4, NR2a, NR2b, NR2c, and NR2d mRNA were lower, whereas the expressions of GluR2, GluR3, and NR1 mRNA were higher in dormant FMNs than in reinnervating counterparts.ConclusionsLCM in combination with real‐time qRT‐PCR can be employed for the examination of gene expression of different FMNs in a heterogeneous nucleus. The adaptive changes in AMPAR and NMDAR subunit mRNA might dictate the regenerative fate of FMNs in response to the peripheral axotomy and thereby play a unique role in the pathogenesis of facial nerve injury and regeneration.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:E6–E11, 2016
Prognostic implications of and audiometric evidence for hearing fluctuation in Meniere's disease
Authors: Hoa Michael , Friedman Rick A. , Fisher Laurel M. , Derebery M. Jennifer 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis1) To establish criteria for significant hearing fluctuation by assessing the range and occurrence of hearing fluctuations over the course of Meniere's disease; 2) to determine if audiometric evidence exists to support the notion that Meniere's disease is a pathophysiologic process involving the whole cochlea; and 3) to suggest prognostic implications for initial hearing fluctuation in patients with Meniere's disease.Study DesignRetrospective case series review.MethodsA total of 488 patients diagnosed by 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Meniere's disease criteria for whom audiometric data were prospectively collected (2 cohorts: 341 and 146 patients initially seen between April 2002 to July 2003 and between January to December 2010, respectively). Based on several definitions for significant hearing fluctuation, change in hearing was categorized as “same,” “worse,” or “better” between any two consecutive evaluations. The relationship of initial hearing fluctuation to future hearing fluctuation and future hearing loss was evaluated.ResultsHearing fluctuation was evident in Meniere's disease patients with heterogeneous audiometric follow‐up; and the characteristics of these hearing fluctuations, including the mean incidence, is described. Audiometric data suggests that there is a high congruence in Meniere's disease between changes in low‐ and high‐frequency thresholds. Initial hearing fluctuation is associated with the occurrence of future and more frequent hearing fluctuations.ConclusionUnderstanding the range of hearing fluctuations establishes a basis for determining audiometric thresholds used in evaluating future therapeutic trials aimed at the prevention of hearing loss in Meniere's disease. This knowledge will also inform the counseling directed toward patients diagnosed with Meniere's disease.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:S1–S12, 2015
Vocal fold myofibroblast profile of scarring
Authors: Branco Anete , Bartley Stephanie M. , King Suzanne N. , Jetté Marie E. , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold fibroblasts (VFF) are responsible for extracellular matrix synthesis supporting lamina propria in normal and diseased conditions. When tissue is injured, VFF become activated and differentiate into myofibroblasts to facilitate wound healing response. We investigated if vocal fold myofibroblasts can be utilized as surrogate cells for scarred VFF.Study DesignIn vitro.MethodsNormal VFF cell lines from a 21‐year‐old male (N21), 59‐year‐old female (N59), and a scar VFF cell line from a 56‐year‐old female (S56) were used in this study. 10 ng/mL of transforming growth factor (TGFβ1) was applied for 5 days to normal VFF. Myofibroblast differentiation was determined with immunocytochemistry and western blot, measuring alpha smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA). Cell growth, proliferation, contractile properties, and gene expression profiles were evaluated.ResultsN21, N59, and S56 VFF presented elongated configuration. N21+ and N21− VFF demonstrated significantly greater proliferation compared to N59+, N59−, and S56 VFF at 6 days. α‐SMA was expressed in all cells. Fibronectin, alpha smooth actin, connective tissue growth factor, and metallopeptidase inhibitor were the highest genes expression in VFF treated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). At 24 hours, S56 VFF showed lower contraction compared to N21+ and N59+ VFF, but at 60 hours S56 VFF had lower collagen contraction compared to all cell groups. Highest collagen contraction matrices were measured with VFF treated with TGFβ1 at 24 hours and N59− VFF at 60 hours.ConclusionVFF treated with TGFβ1 (myofibroblasts) appear to have similar phenotypic characteristics but different genotypic behavior compared to scar VFF.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 126:E110–E117, 2016
Predictors and outcomes for chronic tracheostomy after chemoradiation for advanced laryngohypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Jefferson Gina D. , Wenig Barry L. , Spiotto Michael T. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisAfter concurrent chemoradiation for head and neck squamous cell cancer, patients with laryngeal incompetence may not recover function. We assessed variables predicting tracheostomy dependence as a measure of poor laryngeal function after chemoradiation.Study DesignRetrospectiveMethodsAnalysis of 109 patients treated with chemoradiation for locoregionally advanced laryngohypopharyngeal squamous cell cancers between 1992 and 2013. Median follow‐up was 17.0 and 17.2 months for tracheostomy and nontracheostomy dependent patients, respectively.ResultsFor all patients, multivariate analysis demonstrated persistent tracheostomy was associated with pretreatment tracheostomy, subglottic extension, three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and postradiotherapy lymphadenectomy. When analyzed by primary site, tracheostomy dependence was associated with pretreatment tracheostomy, subglottic extension, and 3DCRT in larynx primaries, and with pretreatment tracheostomy and feeding tube dependency in hypopharynx primaries. Tracheostomy dependence did not impact local control, progression‐free survival or overall survival on univariate analysis.ConclusionAfter curative chemoradiation, long‐term tracheostomy was associated with pretreatment tracheostomy, subglottic extension, postradiotherapy lymphadenectomy, and 3DCRT but did not impact outcomes. These factors may inform treatment decision making regarding organ preservation approaches for locally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:385–391, 2016
Outcome of thyroid gene expression classifier testing in clinical practice
Authors: Witt Robert L. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisGene expression classifiers can safely reduce diagnostic thyroid surgery for fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) indeterminate thyroid nodules.Study DesignRetrospective review, single‐institution, single‐practice surgeon.MethodsThree‐year retrospective review of indeterminate FNAC that went on to gene expression classifier testing.ResultsA total of 520 patients met American Thyroid Association guideline criteria for surgeon‐performed ultrasound‐guided FNAC for a thyroid nodule with on‐site cytopathology. The indeterminate (Bethesda III or IV) FNAC rate was 9%. Prevalence of malignancy in FNAC indeterminate was 21%. Thirty‐two cases went on to gene expression classifier testing. Fourteen were benign, 15 suspicious, and three with no result.ConclusionsBenign gene expression classifier testing had an estimated negative predictive value of 100% during the study period. These patients have been observed for a mean and median duration of 14 and 7 months, respectively. In this small series, 14 of 29 patients with indeterminate FNAC were spared diagnostic surgery.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:524–527, 2016
Memory Effects of Different Relational Links between Brands and Sponsored Events
Authors: Wolfsteiner Elisabeth , Grohs Reinhard , Wagner Udo 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTSport sponsorship is an important marketing communication tool, and stakes in sponsorship deals are high. Therefore, sponsors strive to ensure that their investments are effective and protected from competitors—that is, ambusher marketers’ attacks. Still, little is known about how ambush marketing affects sponsor identification and misidentification of ambushers as sponsors. This study investigates levels of sponsor and ambusher identification in three experimental settings, controlling for the presence/absence of an ambusher, communication modality, and response formats. A field study in the context of a large sports event demonstrates the external validity of the findings. The results provide evidence of a nondestructive interference of ambush marketing, indicating that ambush marketing does not necessarily harm sponsor identification. Misidentification of nonsponsors as sponsors occurs because of the indirect link established between the event and the company through ambush marketing, but not as a consequence of other communication activities by a competitor with no link to the event. Finally, a combined sponsor–ambusher perspective indicates that sponsors do not necessarily have a consistent “official sponsor” advantage over ambushers. Findings are discussed with emphasis on implications for sponsors, ambushers, and marketing researchers.
Long non‐coding RNA regulation of reproduction and development
Authors: Taylor David H. , Chu Erin Tsi‐Jia , Spektor Roman , Soloway Paul D. 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYNoncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have long been known to play vital roles in eukaryotic gene regulation. Studies conducted over a decade ago revealed that maturation of spliced, polyadenylated coding mRNA occurs by reactions involving small nuclear RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs; mRNA translation depends on activities mediated by transfer RNAs and ribosomal RNAs, subject to negative regulation by micro RNAs; transcriptional competence of sex chromosomes and some imprinted genes is regulated in cis by ncRNAs that vary by species; and both small‐interfering RNAs and piwi‐interacting RNAs bound to Argonaute‐family proteins regulate post‐translational modifications on chromatin and local gene expression states. More recently, gene‐regulating noncoding RNAs have been identified, such as long intergenic and long noncoding RNAs (collectively referred to as lncRNAs)—a class totaling more than 100,000 transcripts in humans, which include some of the previously mentioned RNAs that regulate dosage compensation and imprinted gene expression. Here, we provide an overview of lncRNA activities, and then review the role of lncRNAs in processes vital to reproduction, such as germ cell specification, sex determination and gonadogenesis, sex hormone responses, meiosis, gametogenesis, placentation, non‐genetic inheritance, and pathologies affecting reproductive tissues. Results from many species are presented to illustrate the evolutionarily conserved processes lncRNAs are involved in. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 932–956, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supramolekulare Gele: einfach und funktionell
Authors: Mayr Judith , Häring Marleen , Schiller Jana , Díaz Díaz David 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDas Phasengleichgewicht zwischen Gelbildung, Kristallisation und Lösen zu verstehen und zu kontrollieren, ist der Schlüssel zu günstiger, einfacher und skalierbarer funktioneller weicher Materie.
Integriert digitalisiert — vom Plan bis zur Produktion
Authors: Keldenich Manuel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEin gemeinsames Datenmodell vom Design über das Engineering bis in den Betrieb und für den Service ist die Basis, um die Produktion effektiver zu gestalten. Sie lässt sich mit vorkonfigurierten Betriebseinheiten und standardisierten Schnittstellen flexibler planen und modernisieren.
Zulassung unter Reach — ein Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Schneider Klaus , Zarogiannis Panos , Persich Tom 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUnter Reach erfordert ein Antrag auf die Zulassung eines als kritisch angesehenen Stoffs viel Zeit und Einsatz. Dabei sind der Stoffsicherheitsbericht und die Analyse von Alternativen ebenso zu berücksichtigen wie die sozioökonomische Analyse.
Ist der Reaktor sauber?
Authors: Hupach Sascha 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDer Nachweis, dass Rückstände nach Reinigungsverfahren unterhalb einer Toleranzgrenze liegen, ist bei Geräten zur Medikamentenherstellung üblich. Mehr und mehr validiert auch die Lebensmittelindustrie die Reinigung ihrer Anlagen in Produktion und Verarbeitung.
Fast low‐rank approximations of multidimensional integrals in ion‐atomic collisions modelling
Authors: Litsarev M. S. , Oseledets I. V. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryAn efficient technique based on low‐rank separated approximations is proposed for computation of three‐dimensional integrals arising in the energy deposition model that describes ion‐atomic collisions. Direct tensor‐product quadrature requires grids of size 40003 that is unacceptable. Moreover, several of such integrals have to be computed simultaneously for different values of parameters. To reduce the complexity, we use the structure of the integrand and apply numerical linear algebra techniques for the construction of low‐rank approximation. The resulting algorithm is 103 faster than spectral quadratures in spherical coordinates used in the original DEPOSIT code. The approach can be generalized to other multidimensional problems in physics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Advantages of Being Small
Authors: Arnold Steffen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe demand for the smallest possible positioners and manipulators is increasing. Industrial microassembly, photonics as well as laser and optical metrology or research institutes with ultra‐high vacuum conditions and strong magnetic fields need even smaller, high precision positioning systems. Commercial applications developed from research at universities also have similar requirements. Typical examples for this are measuring and medical technology devices, in particular when they are intended for mobile use. Positioning systems based on piezo inertia drives open up interesting possibilities here. In miniaturized design, they offer a high resolution at theoretically unlimited travel ranges, are self‐locking and on top of that, they are also inexpensive.
A More Neutral Measure for Sensitivity
Authors: Holst Gerhard 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe quality of image recordings in research and industry depends significantly on the realness and accuracy of the depiction of reality that a given image sensor records. A number of key figures characterize this criterion of quality. Resolution and light sensitivity are often at the center of attention. Wrongly, less attention is usually paid to quantum efficiency since it happens to be the perfect parameter for describing the sensitivity of image sensors.
Leaving the Inspection Lab
Authors: Berggold Wolfgang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough inspections in the inspection lab provide maximum precision, they cannot be integrated into production and thus can cost valuable time. The operator self‐inspection takes these circumstances into account: The organizational model for quality inspections, in which the operator himself measures the produced parts directly at the production line, is now becoming a big success among manufacturing companies, years after its first introduction. Optical methods in particular, such as white‐light interferometry, can be adapted to in‐line production requirements in an intelligent way.