bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hazard communication of fragrance allergens must be improved
Authors: Klaschka Ursula 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Contact allergy is a global health problem that could be alleviated considerably if the general public could reduce contact to sensitizers. Efficient hazard communication would be a valuable instrument to achieve this. What do current regulations concerning fragrance sensitizers in cosmetic products in Europe contribute? For example, there are bans and restrictions according to the Cosmetic Regulation, there is the “26 allergens rule” that requires that the names of some allergenic fragrance ingredients are listed on the containers, there is labeling and classification of hazardous products according to Regulation 1272/2008, and there is the regulation concerning the registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals (REACH). Do these regulations increase consumer protection by suitable hazard communication instruments? Four main problems were identified. First, according to the 26 allergens rule, consumers carry a very large part of the responsibility for risk reduction management. They need to be capable and motivated to recognize the names of strong allergens listed in the ingredient list and decide for themselves whether they want to run the risk or not, provided that they are aware of their responsibility. Second, cosmetic products do not need to be classified and labeled like other consumer goods, according to the European Commission Regulation 1272/2008, if they contain hazardous substances. Third, some pictograms for hazardous substances, for example, the exclamation mark for sensitizers, are not well understood by the majority of the general public. Fourth, very often, the design of cosmetic containers implies health and well being, even if the respective products contain sensitizers or other hazardous substances. Against this background, the following improvements are proposed: 1) the 26 allergens rule needs revision, 2) the exception for cosmetic products from labeling and classification should be abolished, 3) a new self-explanatory pictogram for skin sensitizers and skin irritants should become mandatory for consumer products containing allergens, and 4) packaging of products containing hazardous substances should not be allowed to be attractive and evoke feelings that the products were harmless. Labeling of consumer products can be a very efficient tool for risk communication, however, the addressees must be sufficiently trained to understand the system and know the consequences of their behavior. Transparent labeling will increase the credibility of manufacturers and can lead to a subsequent improved risk management with a benefit for all stakeholders. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:358–362. © 2013 SETAC
The practicalities and pitfalls of establishing a policy-relevant and cost-effective soil biological monitoring scheme
Authors: Faber Jack H , Creamer Rachel E , Mulder Christian , Römbke Jörg , Rutgers Michiel , Sousa J Paulo , Stone Dorothy , Griffiths Bryan S 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
A large number of biological indicators have been proposed over the years for assessing soil quality. Although many of those have been applied in monitoring schemes across Europe, no consensus exists on the extent to which these indicators might perform best and how monitoring schemes can be further optimized in terms of scientific and policy relevance. Over the past decade, developments in environmental monitoring and risk assessment converged toward the use of indicators and endpoints that are related to soil functioning and ecosystem services. In view of the proposed European Union (EU) Soil Framework Directive, there is an urgent need to identify and evaluate indicators for soil biodiversity and ecosystem services. The recently started integrated project, Ecological Function and Biodiversity Indicators in European Soils (EcoFINDERS), aims to address this specific issue within the EU Framework Program FP7. Here, we 1) discuss how to use the concept of ecosystem services in soil monitoring, 2) review former and ongoing monitoring schemes, and 3) present an analysis of metadata on biological indicators in some EU member states. Finally, we discuss our experiences in establishing a logical sieve approach to devise a monitoring scheme for a standardized and harmonized application at European scale. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013; 9: 276–284. © 2013 SETAC
Pulsed radiofrequency treatment for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: A retrospective analysis of the causes for ineffective pain relief
Authors: Luo F. , Meng L. , Wang T. , Yu X. , Shen Y. , Ji N. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe retrospectively analyzed the reasons for ineffective pain relief in patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) who had undergone pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment guided by computed tomography scan. We found that intraoperative PRF output voltage and electrical field intensity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the group who had received effective treatment than in the ineffective group. These findings suggest that optimizing PRF parameters and increasing the intraoperative output voltage (electric field intensity) may therefore, provide better pain relief in patients with TN.
Exome sequencing reveals FAM20c mutations associated with fibroblast growth factor 23–related hypophosphatemia, dental anomalies, and ectopic calcification
Authors: Rafaelsen Silje Hjorth , Ræder Helge , Fagerheim Anne Kristine , Knappskog Per , Carpenter Thomas O , Johansson Stefan , Bjerknes Robert 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) plays a crucial role in renal phosphate regulation, exemplified by the causal role of PHEX and DMP1 mutations in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and autosomal recessive rickets type 1, respectively. Using whole exome sequencing we identified compound heterozygous mutations in family with sequence similarity 20, member C (FAM20C) in two siblings referred for hypophosphatemia and severe dental demineralization disease. FAM20C mutations were not found in other undiagnosed probands of a national Norwegian population of familial hypophosphatemia. Our results demonstrate that mutations in FAM20C provide a putative new mechanism in human subjects leading to dysregulated FGF23 levels, hypophosphatemia, hyperphosphaturia, dental anomalies, intracerebral calcifications and osteosclerosis of the long bones in the absence of rickets.
Influence of pre‐slaughtering feed restriction on muscle characteristics of farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) during cold storage
Authors: Sáez María I , Navarro Ginés , García‐Mesa Sergio , Martínez Tomás F , García‐Gallego Manuel , Suárez María D 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis paper deals with the consequences of dietary restriction or complete starvation before slaughtering on the biochemical and textural characteristics of sea bass muscle.RESULTSResults showed that only severe feed restriction influenced negatively total body and individual organ weights, and these animals showed lower condition factor as well. Neither moderate feed restriction (up to 50% of the standard ration) kept for 30 days nor total starvation up to 12 days caused significant effects on fish weight and fillet yield. Muscle lipid content was lower in feed‐restricted fish, although this parameter was not altered by starvation time. Differences between the two feeding strategies studied were observed in muscle textural and biochemical parameters, and the results point to an influence of the nutritional status on the post‐mortem evolution of collagen and myofibrillar proteins, although firmness was not modified.CONCLUSIONSModerate feed restriction prior to slaughtering could be advisable in sea bass culture, given that no detrimental effects on fish quality or fish performance were noticed, whereas substantial amounts of feed can be saved. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of alkali and oxidative treatments on the physicochemical, pasting, thermal and morphological properties of corn starch
Authors: Spier Franciela , Zavareze Elessandra da Rosa , Marques e Silva Ricardo , Elias Moacir Cardoso , Dias Alvaro Renato Guerra 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundFew studies on starch modifications using different chemical agents are available in the literature, and no reports were found on the combined effect of oxidation and alkaline treatment of corn starch. Thus this work evaluated the physicochemical, pasting, morphological, cystallinity and thermal properties of chemically modified corn starch, after either the isolated or combined action of alkaline (sodium hydroxide) and oxidative (sodium hypochlorite) treatments.ResultsThe highest values for the sum of carbonyl and carboxyl and enzymatic hydrolysis occurred in starches submitted to oxidative treatment at high active chlorine concentrations. The alkali treatment in isolation modified the pasting properties, reduced the paste temperature and increased the peak viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity and setback of starches. Starch modified by the action of sodium hypochlorite and hydroxide in combination presented more severe damage on granule surfaces.ConclusionThe results show that corn starch modified by the combined action of oxidative and alkaline treatments should be studied more, especially at the concentration limit of sodium hydroxide where gelatinization occurs. Under these conditions the effect of oxidation can be more intense and thus allow the production of starches with different properties and an increase in their industrial applications. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Beavers (Castor fiber) in the Past: Holocene Archaeological Evidence for Beavers in Romania
Authors: Bejenaru L. , Stanc S. , Popovici M. , Balasescu A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractArchaeological beaver (Castor fiber) remains from Romanian sites dating from the Mesolithic to the Middle Ages are described in terms of their frequencies (based on the number of identified specimens), morphology and size. A summary of previous archaeozoological studies in the geographical and historical regionalization of the Romanian territory (i.e. Banat, Dobrudja, Moldavia, Muntenia, Oltenia and Transylvania) shows that temporal and regional variation characterizes the assemblages. The data also reveal that beaver hunting contributed little to local economies, although some spatial and temporal variations are apparent and are here compared with the evidence from the historical record. In addition, univariate, bivariate and geometric morphometric analyses are employed to examine different anatomical elements. Studies of the lower third molar (M3) reveal that there is a statistically significant intraspecific variability between the Neolithic and Iron Age populations, situated also in different regions, Muntenia and Moldavia, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Online discussion of drug side effects and discontinuation among breast cancer survivors
Authors: Mao Jun J. , Chung Annie , Benton Adrian , Hill Shawndra , Ungar Lyle , Leonard Charles E. , Hennessy Sean , Holmes John H. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeWhile patients often use the internet as a medium to search for and exchange health‐related information, little is known about the extent to which patients use social media to discuss side effects related to medications. We aim to understand the frequency and content of side effects and associated adherence behaviors discussed by breast cancer patients related to using aromatase inhibitors (AIs), with particular emphasis on AI‐related arthralgia.MethodsWe performed a mixed methods study to examine content related to AI associated side effects posted by individuals on 12 message boards between 2002 and 2010. We quantitatively defined the frequency and association between side effects and AIs and identified common themes using content analysis. One thousand randomly selected messages related to arthralgia were coded by two independent raters.ResultsAmong 25 256 posts related to AIs, 4589 (18.2%) mentioned at least one side effect. Top‐cited side effects on message boards related to AIs were joint/musculoskeletal pain (N = 5093), hot flashes (1498), osteoporosis (719), and weight gain (429). Among the authors posting messages who self‐reported AI use, 12.8% mentioned discontinuing AIs, while another 28.1% mentioned switching AIs. Although patients often cited severe joint pain as the reason for discontinuing AIs, many also offered support and advice for coping with AI‐associated arthralgia.ConclusionOnline discussion of AI‐related side effects was common and often related to drug switching and discontinuation. Physicians should be aware of these discussions and guide patients to effectively manage side effects of drugs and promote optimal adherence. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the mechanical properties of laser‐sintered polyamide 12 through incorporation of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Bai Jiaming , Goodridge Ruth D. , Hague Richard J.M. , Song Mo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWell‐dispersed nanocomposite powder with spherical morphology and suitable particle size for processing by laser sintering was successfully produced by coating polyamide 12 (PA12) powder particles with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Flexural, impact, and tensile test specimens produced by laser sintering the PA12–CNT powder showed no distortion and good definition. The density of the PA12–CNT laser‐sintered parts was higher than that of neat PA12, which the authors propose is mainly due to higher laser absorption by the CNT particles. Compared to the laser‐sintered PA12 parts, PA12–CNT parts showed enhanced flexural, impact, and tensile properties without sacrificing elongation at break. This enhancement may be attributed to the good dispersion of the CNT in the PA12 matrix and denser laser‐sintered parts. Considering the low weight percentage of CNT used (0.1 wt%), it would seem that the method used in this work is a cost efficient and effective way to produce polymer nanocomposite powders for laser sintering, while maintaining the optimum powder morphology for the laser sintering process and enhancing the mechanical properties of the laser‐sintered part. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Electron spin resonance of the Yb 4f‐moment in Yb(Rh1−xFex)2Si2
Authors: Sichelschmidt J. , Jeevan H. S. , Mchalwat M. , Gegenwart P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe electron spin resonance (ESR) signal of the heavy‐fermion metal YbRh2Si2 is investigated in terms of its dependence on the partial substitution of Rh by Fe. This non‐isovalent substitution gives rise to a chemical pressure and also leads to a reduction of the conduction electron density of states (hole doping). The values and anisotropy of the ESR parameters are comparable with those of Yb(Rh1−x Cox)2Si2 for Fe‐contents up to at least 10%. This result provides additional evidence that the Kondo interaction allows narrow ESR spectra in a heavy fermion compound. The absence of an ESR signal for 30% Fe content points towards a distribution of different crystal electric field symmetries at the Yb‐sites, leading to a dominating disorder‐related broadening.
Determination of bromadiolone and brodifacoum in human hair by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and its application to poisoning cases
Authors: Zhu Lin , Yan Hui , Shen Baohua , Shi Yan , Shen Min , Xiang Ping 
Published: January 2013

RATIONALEBromadiolone and brodifacoum, two common anticoagulant rodenticides, are involved in the majority of anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning cases in humans in China. Hair analysis can provide long‐term information on drug exposure. A method using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was developed and validated for the measurement of bromadiolone and brodifacoum in human hair.METHODSA 1 mL aliquot of a phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) was added to 20 mg of pulverized hair followed by ultrasonication and liquid‐liquid extraction. Liquid chromatography was performed using a C18 column with a mobile phase gradient of ammonium acetate (10 mM) and methanol. A tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode with a negative electrospray ionization source was employed for detection. Warfarin‐d5 was used as an internal standard for both analytes.RESULTSThe limits of detection (LODs) for bromadiolone and brodifacoum were 0.010 and 0.025 ng/mg, respectively. The calibration curves for both analytes were linear from 0.025 to 1 ng/mg. The accuracy ranged from 90.3 to 109.3%, and the intra‐day and inter‐day imprecisions were less than 15%.CONCLUSIONSThe established method was found effective when applied to the analyses of bromadiolone or brodifacoum in five cases, indicating that segmental hair analysis could be useful for clinical and forensic purposes by identifying the time of ingestion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collision‐induced dissociation of aflatoxins
Authors: Tóth Katalin , Nagy Lajos , Mándi Attila , Kuki Ákos , Mézes Miklós , Zsuga Miklós , Kéki Sándor 
Published: January 2013

RATIONALEThe aflatoxin mycotoxins are particularly hazardous to health when present in food. Therefore, from an analytical point of view, knowledge of their mass spectrometric properties is essential. The aim of the present study was to describe the collision‐induced dissociation behavior of the four most common aflatoxins: B1, B2, G1 and G2.METHODSProtonated aflatoxins were produced using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry (MS) combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments nitrogen was used as the collision gas and the collision energies were varied in the range of 9–44 eV (in the laboratory frame).RESULTSThe major APCI‐MS/MS fragmentations of protonated aflatoxins occurred at 30 eV collision energy. The main fragmentation channels were found to be the losses of a series of carbon monoxide molecules and loss of a methyl radical, leading to the formation of radical‐type product ions. In addition, if the aflatoxin molecule contained an ether‐ or lactone‐oxygen atom linked to a saturated carbon atom, loss of a water molecule was observed from the [M + H]+ ion, especially in the case of aflatoxins G1 and G2.CONCLUSIONSA relatively small modification in the structure of aflatoxins dramatically altered the fragmentation pathways and this was particularly true for aflatoxins B1 and B2. Due to the presence of a C = C double bond connected to the ether group in aflatoxin B1 no elimination of water was observed but, instead, formation of radical‐type product ions occurred. Fragmentation of protonated aflatoxin B1 yielded the most abundant radical‐type cations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genomics and epigenomics of colorectal cancer
Authors: Schweiger Michal‐Ruth , Hussong Michelle , Röhr Christina , Lehrach Hans 
Published: January 2013

AbstractColorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer types worldwide and accounts for approximately 600,000 deaths annually. Work over the last decades has uncovered a number of tumor‐suppressor and oncogenes which are frequently mutated and might thus be responsible for the malignant transformation. However, only with the development of new high‐throughput technologies systematic analyses of the genome and epigenomes became feasible. While data generation has increased exponential, we are now faced with new challenges to transform these data into useful models that help predicting the outcome of genomic aberrations and to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. As a basis for the modeling it is essential to understand and integrate current knowledge. We review previous and current ideas in colorectal cancer development and focus on a pathway oriented view. We show that colorectal cancer is a multilayer complex disease affecting the genome as well as the epigenome with direct consequences on the gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression signatures. The goal is to illustrate the current principles of colorectal cancer pathogenesis and to illustrate the need for elaborate computer modeling systems. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2013, 5:205–219. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1206This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Analytical Methods
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Therapeutic Methods
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
How Many Contralateral Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas Can Be Missed?
Authors: Lee Kwan Ju , Cho Yun Jung , Kim Jeong Goo , Lee Dong Ho 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundWhen surgeons decide to perform lobectomy as the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), they must consider the possibility of contralateral cancer. We wanted to determine the incidence of bilateral PTCs (bPTCs) and analyze their characteristics. We also wanted to determine how many patients with bPTC were missed preoperatively.MethodsFrom January 2007 to May 2011, a total of 466 patients with PTC who were treated by total thyroidectomy at a single institution were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups based on bilaterality. The patients with bPTCs were further investigated regarding the preoperative presence of the contralateral tumor.ResultsBilaterality was seen in 29.8 % of PTC patients. In all, 36.8 % of PTCs ≥1 cm, and 25.7 % were papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs). The presence of PTC in the contralateral lobe was missed in 15.8 % of bPTCs and in 21.3 % of bPTMCs. The rates of preoperatively nondetected contralateral cancer were 4.7 and 5.5 % for PTCs and PTMCs, respectively. Tumor size and multifocality were factors associated with bilaterality (p = 0.014 and p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsBilaterality is found more frequently when the tumor is large. Multifocality also can help predict the possibility of bilaterality. Therefore, total thyroidectomy may be necessary for patients with a multifocal or large tumor. It should be noted that the presence of a contralateral cancer is missed in 4.7 and 5.5 % of patients with preoperatively diagnosed unilateral PTC and PTMC, respectively.
Allocleaning behavior by the sentinel crab Macrophthalmus banzai: a case of mutual cooperation
Authors: Fujishima Yurika , Wada Keiji 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The macrophthalmid crab Macrophthalmus banzai performs allocleaning behavior, in which an individual feeds off the carapace or walking legs of a conspecific male or female. Cleaning continues until the recipient (‘cleanee’) rejects the cleaning or the cleaner ceases cleaning. In cases where the recipient did not reject the cleaning, the cleanee often retreated to its own burrow site after the cleaner ceased cleaning, allowing the cleaner to feed on its territory. We suggest that this is mutual cooperation, in which the cleaner assists the recipient to clean the body surface, and the recipient in return provides a feeding ground for the cleaner. Using field observation, we explored the factors responsible for the retreat of the cleanee in response to the cleaning behavior. Factors influencing the retreat of the cleanee were the time of the cleaning incident relative to low tide, the cleanee’s position relative to its own burrow, and the duration of the cleaning bout. The third factor showed that retreat was more common when the cleaning was thorough, which suggests that allocleaning is a form of mutual cooperation in M. banzai.