bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case review analysis of operating room decisions to cancel surgery
Authors: Chang Ju-Hsin , Chen Ke-Wei , Chen Kuen-Bao , Poon Kin-Shing , Liu Shih-Kai 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Cancellation of surgery close to scheduled time causes a waste of healthcare resources. The current study analyzes surgery cancellations occurring after the patient has been prepared for the operating room, in order to see whether improvements in the surgery planning process may reduce the number of cancellations.

Methods
In a retrospective chart review of operating room surgery cancellations during the period from 2006 to 2011, cancellations were divided into the following categories: inadequate NPO; medical; surgical; system; airway; incomplete evaluation. The relative use of these reasons in relation to patient age and surgical department was then evaluated.

Results
Forty-one percent of cancellations were for other than medical reasons. Among these, 17.7% were due to incomplete evaluation, and 8.2% were due to family issues. Sixty seven percent of cancelled cases eventually received surgery. The relative use of individual reasons for cancellation varied with patient age and surgical department. The difference between cancellations before and after anesthesia was dependent on the causes of cancellation, but not age, sex, ASA status, or follow-up procedures required.

Conclusion
Almost half of the cancellations were not due to medical reasons, and these cancellations could be reduced by better administrative and surgical planning and better communication with the patient and/or his family.
A traffic flow-oriented routing protocol for VANETs
Authors: Abbasi Irshad A , Nazir Babar , Abbasi Aftab , Bilal Sardar M , Madani Sajjad A 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a novel position-based routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) to enhance traffic safety and traffic organization and facilitate driving through a smart transportation system. The protocol is referred to as the traffic flow-oriented routing (TFOR) protocol for VANETs. It considers a real-time urban scenario with multi-lane and bi-directional roads. It chooses junction optimally considering vehicular traffic flows to accomplish robust routing paths and thereby forwarding the data packets. The new junction selection mechanism and routing between the junctions is based on two-hop neighbor information, which increases packet-delivery ratio and decreases end-to-end delay. We designed, implemented, and compared TFOR against existing routing protocols of VANETs (greedy-perimeter stateless routing (GPSR), geographic source routing (GSR), and enhanced greedy traffic-aware routing (E-GyTAR)). Simulation outcomes in urban scenarios show that TFOR minimizes average end-to-end delay and routing overhead by on average 15.3% and 19.5%, respectively, compared to GPSR. It reduces routing overhead up to 17% compared to GSR. TFOR maximizes packet-delivery ratio on an average of 17.5%, 10.7%, and 7.2% compared to GPSR, GSR, and E-GyTAR, respectively.
Effect of osteoconductive hyaluronate hydrogels on calvarial bone regeneration
Authors: Yeom Junseok , Hwang Byung Woo , Yang Dong Jun , Shin Hong-In , Hahn Sei Kwang 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Without exploitation of possibly immunogenic and carcinogenic bone morphogenetic protein, we developed simple but clinically feasible artificial bone graft using osteoconductive hyaluronate (HA) hydrogels and bioactive MegaGen synthetic bone (MGSB).

Methods
HA hydrogels were synthesized by the crosslinking reaction between carboxyl groups of HA and amine groups of gelatin (GEL). Then, artificial bone grafts were prepared by mixing MGSB with HA-GEL hydrogels. The bone regeneration by the MGSB/HA-GEL hydrogel complex was assessed in the skull of New Zealand white male rabbits in 4 and 8 weeks.

Results

HA hydrogels were synthesized by the crosslinking reaction between carboxyl groups of HA and amine groups of gelatin (GEL). Then, artificial bone grafts were prepared by mixing MGSB with HA-GEL hydrogels.
In vitro
proliferation of preosteogenic cells was enhanced with increasing molecular weight of HA. In addition, histological analysis of dissected tissues with hematoxylin and eosin staining confirmed the effective
in vivo
bone regeneration by the MGSB/HA-GEL hydrogel complex. The MGSB/HA-GEL hydrogels were well resorbed and partially substituted to the lamellar bone after implantation for 8 weeks.

Conclusions
The novel artificial bone graft of MGSB/HA-GEL hydrogel complex for effective bone regeneration might be clinically feasible for further development.
In vitro propagation of Gentiana scabra Bunge – an important medicinal plant in the Chinese system of medicines
Authors: Huang Shih-Hung , Agrawal Dinesh Chandra , Wu Fang-Sheng , Tsay Hsin-Sheng 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background

Gentiana scabra Bunge commonly known as ‘Long dan cao’ in China has been used in traditional Chinese medicines for more than 2000 years. Dry roots and rhizome of the herb have been used for the treatment of inflammation, anorexia, indigestion and gastric infections. Iridoids and secoiridoids are the main bioactive compounds which attribute to the pharmacological properties of this plant. The species is difficult to mass propagate by seed due to the low percentage of germination and limited dormancy period. Wild populations in some locations are considered to be in the endangered category due to over exploitation.

Results
In the present study, we report an efficient micropropagation system. Shoot apices of six weeks old in vitro grown G. scabra plants were used as explants for the in vitro propagation. Induction of multiple shoots (9.1/explant) was achieved on the culture of shoot apices on half strength Murashige and Skoog’s basal medium (MSBM) containing 2.0 mg/L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 3% sucrose and 0.9% Difco agar. In vitro shoots induced profuse rooting on half strength of MSBM supplemented with 0.1 mg/L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 3% sucrose and 0.3% gelrite. A two-stage ventilation closure procedure during the in vitro culture, and transparent sachet technique enhanced the survival rate of G. scabra plantlets to 96% in the greenhouse. Tissue culture plants flowered after 5 months of transfer to pots.

Conclusions
A simple and an efficient in vitro propagation protocol of Gentiana scabra Bunge by optimizing the medium composition and ventilation closure treatments has been developed. The protocol can be very useful in germplasm conservation and commercial cultivation of G. scabra plants.
Sigurd Ottovich Schmidt — Historian, Community Leader, Political Writer
Authors: Извеков  , Izvekov Igor 
Published: July 2014

This article tells about the author&#180;s meetings with
S.O. Schmidt in the Historical Archives Institute RSUH traditional
conferences about discussing the problems and special auxiliary
historical disciplines in the modern scientific knowledge the
20th century — beginning of the 21st century. Meetings, communications
and interactions with the S.O. Schmidt and his colleagues
have allowed the author to develop the innovative technologies of
youth’s genealogical culture during the integration of pedagogy and
genealogy in education.
Value Orientation in the System of Spiritual and Moral Development of a Cossack
Authors: Каприков  , Kaprikov Aleksandr 
Published: July 2014

Based on ascetical Psychology and integrated Christian
anthropology and Christian Psychology the paper considers value
and conceptual orientation of Cossack spiritual and moral development.
Featured are the main conflicts between Christian morality
and secular morality, which the Cossacks encounter in everyday
life. The author reveals psychological meaning of principles underpinning
the Cossacks’ Christian self-actualization. Based on Christian
Psychology premises, trends and stages in the religiosity evolution
are highlighted; crises of spiritual development are considered in
the context of Christian morality.
Pedagogical Technologies for Customization of Training Within Information and Educational Space of a Higher School Institution
Authors: Зимовина  , Zimovina Olga 
Published: July 2014

The paper considers issues related to customization of
training with regard to cognitive styles within the information and
educational space of an educational institution. Analyzed challenges
of innovative educational technologies, designed to customize
student training in a higher school networked educational environment.
The author considers the task of developing technologies
for customizing educational process as a sine qua non for
creating intellectual foundation of the information-oriented society.
Innovative technologies for customizing educational process
helps to radically enhance effectiveness and quality of training.
Teambuilding as an Effective Means of Adapting Students to Higher Learning
Authors: Поляница  , Polyanitsa N. 
Published: July 2014

Training is a technique of active learning through life
experience acquisition, modeled in the course of team interaction.
Being a new trend for this country, exercises (trainings) on teambuilding
with the goals to rally team members, to remove barriers
of personal communications, to nurture positive atmosphere, to
enhance self-esteem and peer assessment of team members, to
activate personal qualities, not involved in everyday activities, to
encourage newcomers to the group to adapt quickly, to identify and
often to resolve intra-group conflicts.
Professional Self-Actualization as One of the Core Values for the Modern Teacher
Authors: Василюта  , Vasilyuta A. 
Published: July 2014

Swift changes in the educational sphere call for the teachers
to unlock their professional and personal potential. At the same
time, effectiveness of teachers’ professional potential is directly
related to their individual axiological choices and reorientation of
personal value system in the context of reforms that are under way
in the higher education system. The most relevant ability of the day
is the ability to lay down the most significant professional goals and
to reveal within the role requirements new meaningful ideas and
values, which would form a basis for their self-actualization.
Solar-powered shadow puppetry in a high school science classroom ‘illuminates’ a Navajo student energy forum
Authors: Osnes Beth , Hunt Angela 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Enacting an energy forum using solar power-illuminated shadow puppets can serve as an effective method for actively engaging Navajo students in understanding the applicability and relevance of alternative energy in their lives and their communities. This article focuses on an education/outreach project that took place over the course of two days in a science classroom at Thoreau High School (THS) in Thoreau, New Mexico, with predominantly Navajo students. The education/outreach project described in this article is attempting to energize the National Science Education Standards for scientific literacy within the Navajo Nation with a dynamic and interactive artistic medium – solar-powered shadow puppet theatre – that is uniquely suited to the study of alternative energy. It not only supports scientific literacy, but also casts the students as authors of solutions to student-identified energy issues specific to their lives, their land and their concerns.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bala Sruti , Acworth Jami Leigh 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Wenn die Burka plötzlich fliegt. Einblicke in die Arbeit mit dem Theater der Unterdrückten in Afghanistan. [When the Burqa is Suddenly Bared: Insights from Working with the Theatre of the Oppressed in Afghanistan] by Hjalmar Jorge Joffre-Eichhorn (2013) Stuttgart: Ibidem Verlag, Berliner Schriften zum Theater der Unterdrückten, Vol. 5, 220 pp. ISBN: 9 7838 3820 4727.
Shakespeare Saved My Life: Ten Years in Solitary with the Bard (2013), by Laura Bates (2012) Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, ISBN 1 3978 1402 2731 48, US$14.99
Estrategias identitarias de los emigrantes canarios retornados de Venezuela
Authors: Buraschi Daniel 
Published: July 2014

Los emigrantes canarios retornados de Venezuelason sujetos que por su trayectoria migratoria se encuentran en unhorizonte cultural en el cual confluyen elementos propios de tresculturas: la cultura canaria que habían abandonado, elementos delhorizonte cultural venezolano en donde han vivido y elementos dela sociedad canaria actual a la cual regresan. En este artículo sepresentan los resultados de una investigación sobre las estrategiasidentitarias llevadas a cabo por los emigrantes retornados de Venezuela residentes en Tenerife con el objetivo de generar una tipología sistemática de las mismas y estudiar las interacciones a través de las cuales estos emigrantes construyen y reconstruyen sus identidades culturales a lo largo de su trayectoria migratoria.En este análisis se ha seguido el esquema metodológico propiode la teoría fundamentada, es decir, una estrategia inductiva deanálisis cualitativo. El resultado final de esta investigación ha sidola identificación y categorización de dos procesos sociales básicosrelacionados con las dinámicas identitarias: las estrategias pragmáticas y las estrategias ontológicas.
Conocer al vecino, juntar mundos: la comunidad marroquí en Valladolid
Authors: Ares Mateo S.J. Alberto 
Published: July 2014

La inmigración es un fenómeno global que incide yse vive de forma especial cuando se produce en comunidades consideradas homogéneas en los elementos identitarios que las definen y que en breve tiempo se convierten en comunidades de acogida interrogadas en sus valores sociales, culturales, religiosos, ideológicos y políticos. Este trabajo presenta la incorporación de la comunidad marroquí a la ciudad de Valladolid, analizando su proceso que va desde el conocimiento de sus lugares de origen y las motivaciones para la salida, a la llegada y las características de la convivencia entre las comunidades autóctona y alóctona, su interacción recíproca, muchas veces presidida por el recelo que genera el mutuo desconocimiento. El resultado de este análisis permite percibir la incidencia de actitudes que pueden suponer una vulneración en el grado de disfrute de derechos humanos.
Human inhalation exposure to iron oxide particles
Authors: Lewinski Nastassja , Graczyk Halshka , Riediker Michael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn the past decade, many studies have been conducted to determine the health effects induced by exposure to engineered nanomaterials (NMs). Specifically for exposure via inhalation, numerous in vitro and animal in vivo inhalation toxicity studies on several types of NMs have been published. However, these results are not easily extrapolated to judge the effects of inhaling NMs in humans, and few published studies on the human response to inhalation of NMs exist. Given the emergence of more industries utilizing iron oxide nanoparticles as well as more nanomedicine applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), this review presents an overview of the inhalation studies that have been conducted in humans on iron oxides. Both occupational exposure studies on complex iron oxide dusts and fumes, as well as human clinical studies on aerosolized, micron-size iron oxide particles are discussed. Iron oxide particles have not been described to elicit acute inhalation response nor promote lung disease after chronic exposure. The few human clinical studies comparing inhalation of fine and ultrafine metal oxide particles report no acute changes in the health parameters measured. Taken together existing evidence suggests that controlled human exposure to iron oxide nanoparticles, such as SPIONs, could be conducted safely.
Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation with Effective Utilization of Polling Interval over WDM/TDM PON
Authors: Ni Cuiping , Gan Chaoqin , Gao Ziyue 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWDM/TDM (wavelength-division multiplexing/time-division multiplexing) PON (passive optical network) appears to be an attractive solution for the next generation optical access networks. Dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) plays a crucial role in efficiently and fairly allocating the bandwidth among all users in WDM/TDM PON. In this paper, two dynamic bandwidth allocation schemes (DBA1 and DBA2) are proposed to eliminate the idle time of polling cycles (i.e. polling interval), improve bandwidth utilization and make full use of bandwidth resources. The two DBA schemes adjust the time slot of sending request information and make fair scheduling among users to achieve the effective utilization of polling interval in WDM/TDM PON. The simulation and theoretical analyses verify that the proposed schemes outperform the conventional DBA scheme. We also make comparisons between the two schemes in terms of bandwidth utilization and average packet delay to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme of DBA2.
What Happens When Growth Hormone is Discontinued at Completion of Growth? Metabolic Aspects
Authors: Johannsson Gudmundur 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Continuing growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in patients with childhood-onset GH deficiency (GHD) that persists into adulthood is an emerging issue. The prospective, long-term metabolic consequences of discontinuing GH therapy in adolescent patients with childhood-onset GHD and short stature have only recently been reported. These studies demonstrate that serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and apolipoprotein В are higher in adolescents in whom severe GHD continues into adulthood. Upon discontinuation of GH therapy, serum concentrations of high-density lipoproteincholesterol have been found to decrease in patients with severe GHD and increase in patients regarded as GH sufficient when retested for GHD. Furthermore, total body fat and truncal fat mass increase after discontinuation of GH in both these patient groups, but more markedly in the patients with severe GHD. In adolescents with severe GHD persisting into adulthood, the discontinuation of GH therapy produces, over a period of 2 years, the accumulation of important cardiovascular risk factors that are associated with GHD in adults. Continuing replacement therapy into adulthood should therefore be considered.
Growth Hormone Deficiency and Peak Bone Mass
Authors: Bouillon Roger , Prodonova Albena 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
In order to define the relationship between growth hormone (GH) and peak bone mass, and the importance of the role played by GH in reaching optimal peak bone mass, several questions, discussed in this article, have first to be answered. Although the answers to some of these questions are already becoming apparent, some await the findings of further research. It is doubtful whether the results of these studies, which by definition should be long-term because of the long lag between the end of linear growth and the attainment of peak bone mass, will soon be available. In the absence of evidence-based medicine one can, however, conclude that longterm GH replacement therapy for GH deficiency in adults has no deleterious effects on bone. Indeed, despite an increase in bone turnover and an increase in remodeling space, bone mineral density and bone mineral content have been shown to increase slowly over time and to the same degree in both controlled and uncontrolled studies.
Evidence-Based Approach to Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy in Adults, with Special Emphasis on Body Composition
Authors: Conceicao Flavia Lucia , Lunde Jorgensen Jens Otto , Vahl Nina , Norrelund Helene , Sandahl Christiansen Jens 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
In the past decade, a large number of controlled clinical trials have reported positive effects of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in GH-deficient adults. The majority of these studies have been carried out in accordance with the guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. The data thus accumulated offer a solid baseline for practicing evidence-based medicine within this area of endocrinology
Emergence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children: Epidemiological Evidence
Authors: Fagot-Campagna Anne 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
There have been numerous recent reports of case series of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in American Indian, African-American, Hispanic, Asian-American and white children from North America. A similar phenomenon has also been described in several other countries. Prevalence and incidence estimates vary depending on the age and ethnicity of the population, but it is estimated that type 2 DM represents 8-45% of patients with DM currently diagnosed in large US pediatric centers; however, this is likely to be an underestimation and incidence is probably rising. The young patients diagnosed with type 2 DM in the USA were generally overweight, had a strong family history of type 2 DM and often had signs of insulin resistance. The majority belonged to ethnic groups at high risk for type 2 DM. More girls than boys were diagnosed. The few data on follow-up available suggest a high prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications among young adults who developed type 2 DM during childhood. Type 2 DM in children has recently been recognized as a potential public health problem in North America. As obesity is currently on the increase in several industrialized or industrializing countries, a similar increase in type 2 DM in children may soon emerge worldwide, and this will require preventative measures.
Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Silverstein Janet H. , Rosenbloom Arlan L. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
The treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is directed at decreasing insulin resistance and increasing insulin secretion. α-Glucosidase inhibitors slow carbohydrate absorption, resulting in reduced postprandial hyperglycemia; thiazolidinediones increase insulin sensitivity, especially in muscle and adipocytes; metformin decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis; sulfonylureas result in prolonged increases in insulin secretion; and meglitinide causes rapid, short-lived increases in insulin secretion. A survey of 130 pediatric endocrinology practices in the USA and Canada indicated that 48% of children with type 2 DM were treated with insulin and 44% with one or more oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA). Of those treated with OHA, 71% received metformin, 46% sulfonylureas, 9% thiazolidinediones and 4% meglitinide. Similarly, in the three university-based diabetes centers in Florida, 50% of the children with type 2 DM were treated with OHA. Treatment is based on symptoms at presentation. Patients identified on routine testing are often treated with exercise and diet alone. Those who are mildly symptomatic at onset are often started on OHA. Patients with substantial ketosis, ketoacidosis or markedly elevated blood glucose levels are initially treated with insulin, followed by a tapering of the dose and the addition of an OHA after blood glucose control is established and symptoms subside. There are no studies of the efficacy or compliance with treatment for type 2 DM in adolescents. Treatment is currently based on the clinical experience with adults. Controlled clinical trials in children are essential.