bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular adaptations of striatal spiny projection neurons during levodopa-induced dyskinesia
Authors: Heiman Myriam , Heilbut Adrian , Francardo Veronica , Kulicke Ruth , Fenster Robert J. , Kolaczyk Eric D. , Mesirov Jill P. , Surmeier Dalton J. , Cenci M. Angela , Greengard Paul 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Parkinson's disease is characterized by a set of motor features that depend on a loss of dopamine-producing cells in the midbrain. The most common pharmacotherapy for Parkinson's disease is dopamine replacement with levodopa administration. The majority of patients receiving this treatment develop debilitating abnormal involuntary movements, termed “levodopa-induced dyskinesia.” It is known that striatal projection neurons (SPNs) are involved in the genesis of levodopa-induced dyskinesia, but the genes involved in this process are not fully understood. We reveal the gene-expression profiles of different classes of SPNs during chronic levodopa administration. We correlate gene expression to mouse behavior, predicting which genes are most likely involved in the emergence of levodopa-induced dyskinesia, and which are thus potential targets for new antidyskinetic treatments.
Ethylene-orchestrated circuitry coordinates a seedling’s response to soil cover and etiolated growth
Authors: Zhong Shangwei , Shi Hui , Xue Chang , Wei Ning , Guo Hongwei , Deng Xing Wang 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Seedlings’ ability to both adapt to their soil environment and acquire photoautotrophic capacity under various buried conditions is a life-or-death issue for terrestrial flowering plants. By designing and utilizing a standardized real-soil assay, we identify the key features of germinating seedlings’ soil response and deduce that the gaseous phytohormone ethylene acts as the primary regulator of soil-induced plant morphogenetic changes. Moreover, our study illustrates that an EIN3/EIL1-conducted PIF3–ERF1 molecular circuitry enables seedlings to synchronize the rate of protochlorophyllide biosynthesis with upward growth, a mechanism critical to the prevention of photooxidative damage during seedlings’ initial transition from dark to light in natural conditions.
Understanding Staff Perceptions about Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase–Producing Enterobacteriaceae Control Efforts in Chicago Long-Term Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Lyles Rosie D. , Moore Nicholas M. , Weiner Shayna B. , Sikka Monica , Lin Michael Y. , Weinstein Robert A. , Hayden Mary K. , Sinkowitz-Cochran Ronda L. ,   CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: March 2014

Objective.To identify differences in organizational culture and better understand motivators to implementation of abundle intervention to control Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase–producing Enterobacteriaceae (KPC).Design.Mixed-methods study.Setting.Four long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs) in Chicago.Participants.LTACH staff across 3 strata of employees (administration, midlevel management, and frontline clinical workers).Methods.Qualitative interviews or focus groups and completion of a quantitative questionnaire.Results.Eighty employees (frontline, 72.5%; midlevel, 17.5%; administration, 10%) completed surveys and participated in qualitative discussions in August 2012. Although 82.3% of respondents felt that quality improvement was a priority at their LTACH, there were statistically significant differences in organizational culture between staff strata, with administrative-level having higher organizational culture scores (ie, more favorable responses) than midlevel or frontline staff. When asked to rank the success of the KPC control program, mean response was 8.0 (95% confidence interval, 7.6–8.5), indicating a high level of agreement with the perception that the program was a success. Patient safety and personal safety were reported most often as personal motivators for intervention adherence. The most convergent theme related to prevention across groups was that proper hand hygiene is vital to prevention of KPC transmission.Conclusions.Despite differences in organizational culture across 3 strata of LTACH employees, the high degree of convergence in motivation, understanding, and beliefs related to implementation of a KPC control bundle suggests that all levels of staff may be able to align perspectives when faced with a key infection control problem and quality improvement initiative.
Extended-Spectrumβ-Lactamase–Producing Enterobacteriaceae in French Nursing Homes: An Association between High Carriage Rate among Residents, Environmental Contamination, Poor Conformity with Good Hygiene Practice, and Putative Resident-to-Resident Transmission
Authors: Cochard Hélène , Aubier Benjamin , Quentin Roland , van der Mee-Marquet Nathalie ,   Réseau des Hygiénistes du Centre
Published: March 2014

Objective.We evaluated the spread of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in 38 nursing homes (NHs) in the Centre region of France.Methods.We conducted a multicenter prevalence study and evaluated extended-spectrumβ-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLE and CPE, respectively) colonization of 1,155 residents. The colonizing isolates were studied by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA typing. We observed hygiene practices and studied the contamination of the environment in 8 NHs.Results.A total of 114 residents were ESBLE carriers (9.9%); none were CPE carriers. A total of 82.6% of the ESBLE wereEscherichia coli. ESBLE colonization was associated with poor health status (P= .002), malignancy (P= .006), urinary incontinence (P= .007), fecal incontinence (P= .002), previous hospitalization (P= .033), and carbapenem treatment (P= .040). The clonal relationship between isolates within NHs suggested resident-to-resident ESBLE transmission in 15 NHs. ESBLE isolates were recovered from 6 of 232 bedrooms studied. A total of 1,533 observations revealed low rates of conformity for hand hygiene (25.7%), the use of gloves (45.9%) and protective clothing (13.3%), and waste management (46.7%). Conformity rates correlated inversely with ESBLE carriage rates.Conclusions.In most of the participating NHs, improved application of standard precautions during incontinence care is needed, and greater efforts to clean the environment of residents are required.
Variation in Definitions and Isolation Procedures for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria: A Survey of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Research Network
Authors: Drees Marci , Pineles Lisa , Harris Anthony D. , Morgan Daniel J. 
Published: March 2014

Objective.To assess definitions, experience, and infection control practices for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB), including Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas species, in acute care hospitals.Design.Cross-sectional survey.Participants.US and international members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network.Methods.Online survey that included definitions, infection control procedures, and microbiology capability related to MDR-GNB and other MDR bacteria.Results.From November 2012 through February 2013, 66 of 170 SHEA Research Network members responded (39% response rate), representing 26 states and 15 countries. More than 80% of facilities reported experience with each MDR-GNB isolate, and 78% had encountered GNB resistant to all antibiotics except colistin (62% Acinetobacter, 59% Pseudomonas, and 52% Enterobacteriaceae species). Participants varied regarding their definitions of “multidrug resistant,” with 14 unique definitions for Acinetobacter, 18 for Pseudomonas, and 22 for Enterobacteriaceae species. Substantial variation also existed in isolation practices. Although isolation was commonly used for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), approximately 20% of facilities did not isolate for MDR Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter. The majority of those that isolated MDR organisms also removed isolation using a wide variety of criteria.Conclusion.Facilities vary significantly in their approach to preventing MDR-GNB transmission. Although practices for MRSA and VRE are relatively standardized, emerging pathogens CRE and other MDR-GNB have highly varied definitions and management. This confusion makes communication difficult, and varied use of isolation may contribute to emergence of these organisms. Public health agencies need to promote standard definitions and management to enable broader initiatives to limit emergence of MDR-GNB.
Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Producing New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase at an Acute Care Hospital, Colorado, 2012
Authors: Epson Erin E. , Pisney Larissa M. , Wendt Joyanna M. , MacCannell Duncan R. , Janelle Sarah J. , Kitchel Brandon , Rasheed J. Kamile , Limbago Brandi M. , Gould Carolyn V. , Kallen Alexander J. , Barron Michelle A. , Bamberg Wendy M. 
Published: March 2014

Objective.To investigate an outbreak of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)–producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and determine interventions to interrupt transmission.Design, Setting, and Patients.Epidemiologic investigation of an outbreak of NDM-producing CRE among patients at a Colorado acute care hospital.Methods.Case patients had NDM-producing CRE isolated from clinical or rectal surveillance cultures (SCs) collected during the period January 1, 2012, through October 20, 2012. Case patients were identified through microbiology records and 6 rounds of SCs in hospital units where they had resided. CRE isolates were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction for blaNDM. Medical records were reviewed for epidemiologic links; relatedness of isolates was evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Infection control (IC) was assessed through staff interviews and direct observations.Results.Two patients were initially identified with NDM-producing CRE during July–August 2012. A third case patient, admitted in May, was identified through microbiology records review. SC identified 5 additional case patients. Patients had resided in 11 different units before identification. All isolates were highly related by PFGE. WGS suggested 3 clusters of CRE. Combining WGS with epidemiology identified 4 units as likely transmission sites. NDM-producing CRE positivity in certain patients was not explained by direct epidemiologic overlap, which suggests that undetected colonized patients were involved in transmission.Conclusions.A 4-month outbreak of NDM-producing CRE occurred at a single hospital, highlighting the risk for spread of these organisms. Combined WGS and epidemiologic data suggested transmission primarily occurred on 4 units. Timely SC, combined with targeted IC measures, were likely responsible for controlling transmission.
Comparison of Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza and Noninfluenza Acute Respiratory Illness in Healthcare Personnel during the 2010–2011 Influenza Season
Authors: Henkle Emily , Irving Stephanie A. , Naleway Allison L. , Gaglani Manjusha J. , Ball Sarah , Spencer Sarah , Peasah Sam , Thompson Mark G. 
Published: March 2014

Objective.Compare the severity of illnesses associated with influenza and noninfluenza acute respiratory illness (ARI) in healthcare personnel (HCP).Design.Prospective observational cohort.Participants.HCP at 2 healthcare organizations with direct patient contact were enrolled prior to the 2010–2011 influenza season.Methods.HCP who were fewer than 8 days from the start of fever/feverishness/chills and cough were eligible for real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction influenza virus testing of respiratory specimen. Illness severity was assessed by the sum of self-rated severity (0, absent; 3, severe) of 12 illness symptoms, subjective health (0, best health; 9, worst health), activities of daily living impairment (0, able to perform; 9, unable to perform), missed work, and duration of illness.Results.Of 1,701 HCP enrolled, 267 were tested for influenza, and 58 (22%) of these tested positive. Influenza compared with noninfluenza illnesses was associated with higher summed 12-symptom severity score (mean [standard deviation], 17.9 [5.4] vs 14.6 [4.8]; P < .001), worse subjective health (4.5 [1.8] vs 4.0 [1.8]; P < .05), greater impairment of activities of daily living (4.9 [2.5] vs 3.8 [2.5]; P < .01), and more missed work (12.1 [10.5] vs 7.8 [10.5] hours; P < .01). Differences in symptom severity, activities of daily living, and missed work remained significant after adjusting for illness and participant characteristics.Conclusions.Influenza had a greater negative impact on HCP than noninfluenza ARIs, indicated by higher symptom severity scores, less ability to perform activities of daily living, and more missed work. These results highlight the importance of efforts to prevent influenza infection in HCP.
Phylogenetic tree shapes resolve disease transmission patterns
Authors: Colijn Caroline , Gardy Jennifer 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWhole genome sequencing is becoming popular as a tool for understanding outbreaks of communicable diseases, with phylogenetic trees being used to identify individual transmission events or to characterize outbreak-level overall transmission dynamics. Existing methods to infer transmission dynamics from sequence data rely on well-characterised infectious periods, epidemiological and clinical meta-data which may not always be available, and typically require computationally intensive analysis focusing on the branch lengths in phylogenetic trees. We sought to determine whether the topological structures of phylogenetic trees contain signatures of the transmission patterns underlying an outbreak.MethodologyWe use simulated outbreaks to train and then test computational classifiers. We test the method on data from two real-world outbreaks.ResultsWe show that different transmission patterns result in quantitatively different phylogenetic tree shapes. We describe topological features that summarize a phylogeny’s structure and find that computational classifiers based on these are capable of predicting an outbreak’s transmission dynamics. The method is robust to variations in the transmission parameters and network types, and recapitulates known epidemiology of previously characterized real-world outbreaks.Conclusions and implicationsThere are simple structural properties of phylogenetic trees which, when combined, can distinguish communicable disease outbreaks with a super-spreader, homogeneous transmission, and chains of transmission. This is possible using genome data alone, and can be done during an outbreak. We discuss the implications for management of outbreaks.
Singlet Oxygen Signatures Are Detected Independent of Light or Chloroplasts in Response to Multiple Stresses
Authors: Mor Avishai , Koh Eugene , Weiner Lev , Rosenwasser Shilo , Sibony-Benyamini Hadas , Fluhr Robert 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The production of singlet oxygen is typically associated with inefficient dissipation of photosynthetic energy or can arise from light reactions as a result of accumulation of chlorophyll precursors as observed in fluorescent (flu)-like mutants. Such photodynamic production of singlet oxygen is thought to be involved in stress signaling and programmed cell death. Here we show that transcriptomes of multiple stresses, whether from light or dark treatments, were correlated with the transcriptome of the flu mutant. A core gene set of 118 genes, common to singlet oxygen, biotic and abiotic stresses was defined and confirmed to be activated photodynamically by the photosensitizer Rose Bengal. In addition, induction of the core gene set by abiotic and biotic selected stresses was shown to occur in the dark and in nonphotosynthetic tissue. Furthermore, when subjected to various biotic and abiotic stresses in the dark, the singlet oxygen-specific probe Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green detected rapid production of singlet oxygen in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root. Subcellular localization of Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green fluorescence showed its accumulation in mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the nucleus, suggesting several compartments as the possible origins or targets for singlet oxygen. Collectively, the results show that singlet oxygen can be produced by multiple stress pathways and can emanate from compartments other than the chloroplast in a light-independent manner. The results imply that the role of singlet oxygen in plant stress regulation and response is more ubiquitous than previously thought.
Supply chain collaboration index: an instrument to measure the depth of collaboration
Authors: Kumar Gopal , Nath Banerjee Rabindra 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop and measure supply chain collaboration index and to arrange collaborative activities in terms of its importance.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study uses data from industries in India to compute the collaboration index. Weight for each activity of collaboration was calculated by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and this weight was used to compute the index combined with the formula proposed by Fornell et al.

Findings
– Supply chain collaboration index is computed as 40.44 on a scale of 1-100. The study also arranges collaborative activities in decreasing order of importance.

Practical implications
– By using model of this study, a firm can benchmark its collaborative practice. They can also identify extent of practice of internal and external focus areas. Further, firms can identify which activities should require more attention and improvement.

Originality/value
– The study proposed a supply chain collaboration index model and calculated the index using the proposed model and data collected from India. The study used model as proposed by Fornell et al. to compute collaboration index combined with the weight computed by employing AHP.
A discriminant model for measuring competition intensity of construction market
Authors: Ye Kunhui , Shen Liyin , Lu Weisheng 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– “Competition intensity” is a factor in addressing competitiveness. The understanding on competition intensity is prerequisite to the formulation of industrial competition policies as well as firms’ competition strategies. In the construction context, whereas competition intensity can be measured using a number of traditional approaches (e.g. competitor number, concentration), the measurement is often criticized for poor efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new model for measuring competition intensity in light of the theory of discriminant analysis.Design/methodology/approach– The proposed model is composed of predictor variables concerned with market operation as well as criterion variables that classify markets into a few predefined groups based on the values of competition intensity. Empirical data of China's local construction markets were collected to verify the proposed model.Findings– The research findings indicate that the model can offset the drawbacks of traditional measures in the construction market.Research limitations/implications– It is recommended using the proposed model to predict the competition trend of construction market especially when data for the traditional approaches are poor or not readily available.Originality/value– The proposed model is a development of the literature in examining competition intensity.
Cash flow modeling for construction projects
Authors: Zayed Tarek , Liu Yaqiong 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– Construction projects are well known for their complexity and ambiguity. These projects carry out higher risk than traditional ones because they entail high capital outlays and intricate site conditions. Poor financial management of these projects may lead to bankruptcy; therefore, effective cash flow management is essential. Although the peculiar characteristics of construction projects, the accuracy of cash flow forecasting has been a long lasting problem. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Many unforeseen factors affect the cash flow forecasting of construction projects. Therefore, the objective of the presented research in this paper is to examine the impact of these factors on contractor's cash flow. A model has been established by integrating analytic hierarchy process and simulation to examine the impact of various factors on cash flow. Data on the selected factors have been collected through questionnaires from various agencies in North America and China.

Findings
– Results show that the most significant factors are: change of progress payment, payment duration, financial position of the contractor, project delays, and poor planning. It also shows that the effect of cash inflow factors varied approximately from 9.7 to 16.3 percent with a mean value of 12.4 percent.

Research limitations/implications
– The implementation of the developed models are limited to few case study projects in testing the models. However, the developed models and framework are sound for future improvement. They are considered as a major step toward a broader cash flow planning.

Practical implications
– The developed methodology and models play essential roles in decision-making process.

Originality/value
– The developed model is expected to help contractors realistically forecast project cash flow under uncertainty. This may lead to more dependable and professional cash flow management, which might substantially reduce failures in construction business.
Service interaction and dignity in cleaning work: how important is the organizational context?
Authors: Alexandra Cruz Sofia , Abrantes Manuel 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which the nature of a particular work activity – cleaning – changes across organizational contexts, considering specific industry characteristics and working conditions in urban settings in Portugal.Design/methodology/approach– The paper draws on the qualitative analysis of data collected between 2010 and 2013 using open-ended interviews with employees and direct observation in two shopping malls.Findings– The empirical evidence illuminates how the contexts under study shape the behavior of actors and their power relations. By placing the perspective of employees at the core of the analysis, the paper demonstrates that workplaces provide a major site of conflict and negotiation regarding dignity in cleaning work, but this dispute takes on different contours and sources of tension across organizational contexts.Originality/value– The seminal comparative analysis of commercial cleaning and housecleaning undertaken in this paper sheds light on the varying distribution of roles and authority at work. Differently than in earlier studies, the actual modes of service interaction in this industry are documented in a detailed and critical manner.