bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Late Devonian vertical movements and extensional deformation in northern Africa and Arabia: Integration in the geodynamics of the Devonian world
Authors: Frizon de Lamotte Dominique , Tavakoli‐Shirazi Saeid , Leturmy Pascale , Averbuch Olivier , Mouchot Nicolas , Raulin Camille , Leparmentier François , Blanpied Christian , Ringenbach Jean‐Claude 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Upper Paleozoic geodynamic evolution is discussed at the scale of a wide part of Gondwana from North Africa to Arabia. With the aim of giving an integrated tectonic scenario for the study domain, we revisit six key areas, namely, the Anti‐Atlas Belt (Morocco), the Bechar Basin (west Algeria), the Hassi R'Mel High (central Algeria), the Talemezane Arch (south Tunisia), the Western Desert (Egypt), and, finally, the High Zagros Belt (Iran). Below the so‐called “Hercynian unconformity,” which is in reality a highly composite discontinuity, surface and subsurface data display a well‐known arch‐and‐basin geometry, with basement highs and intervening Paleozoic basins. We show that this major feature results mainly from a Late Devonian event and can no longer be interpreted as a far effect of the Variscan Orogeny. This event is characterized by a more or less diffuse extensional deformation and accompanied either by subsidence, in the western part of the system, or by an important uplift of probable thermal origin followed by erosion and peneplanation. By the end of the Devonian, the whole region suffered a general subsidence governed by the progressive cooling of the lithosphere. Such a primary configuration is preserved in Arabia with typical sag geometry of the Carboniferous and Permian deposits but strongly disturbed elsewhere by the conjugated effects of the Variscan Orogeny during the Carboniferous and/or by subsequent uplifts linked to the central Atlantic and Neo‐Tethys rifting episodes. In conclusion, we try to integrate this new understanding in the geodynamics of the Late Devonian, which at world scale is characterized by the onset of the Variscan Orogeny on the one hand and by magmatism, rifting, and basement uplift on the other hand.
Feasible solution for dynamic economic load dispatch using feasible operation region
Authors: Hafiz Habibuddin M. , Yorino Naoto , Sasaki Yutaka , Zoka Yoshifumi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHigh penetration of renewable energy in the future power system will pose a big problem to the load dispatch operation. The large disturbance and high forecast error must be considered when scheduling a limited number of controllable generators to follow rapid change in load. This paper proposes a dynamic economic load dispatch (DELD) problem approach based on the concept of a feasible operation region (FOR). FOR is defined as the region that committed generators may operate in to match the load profile without violating the ramp‐rate constraints. The DELD problem is solved in two stages. In the first stage, FOR of each generator is computed using recent real‐time forecasted load as well as renewable energy generation. In the second stage, a generation schedule is determined by solving the DELD problem interval by interval while considering ramp‐rate constraints and FOR constraints. The method can gives feasible solution for feasible load and specify the amount of compensation required for feasible solution for infeasible load. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A novel probabilistic neural network‐based algorithm for classifying internal fault in transformer windings
Authors: Jettanasen Chaiyan , Ngaopitakkul Atthapol 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe major function of protective devices in a power system is to detect the occurrence of faults and to isolate the faulty sections from the rest of the system. Much progress has been made in the development algorithms for detecting faults in power transformers, which depend on transients‐based techniques. This paper presents an algorithm based on a combination of discrete wavelet transforms and probabilistic neural networks (PNNs) for classifying internal faults in a two‐winding three‐phase transformer. Fault conditions of the transformer are simulated using alternative transients program/electromagnetic transients program (ATP/EMTP) in order to obtain current signals. The mother wavelet Daubechies4 is employed to decompose the high‐frequency components from these signals. All three phases of the differential current signals are used in the fault detection decision algorithm. The variations of first‐scale high‐frequency component that detects fault are used as an input for the training pattern. The training process for the neural network and fault diagnosis decision is implemented using toolboxes on MATLAB/Simulink. Various cases and fault types based on the Thailand electricity transmission and distribution systems are studied to verify the validity of the algorithm. Backpropagation neural network is also compared with the PNN in this paper. It is found that the proposed method gives satisfactory accuracy with less training time, and will be particularly useful in the development of a modern differential relay for a transformer protection scheme. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Polymeric nanoparticles‐based topical delivery systems for the treatment of dermatological diseases
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Tsai Pei‐Chin , Ramezanli Tannaz , Michniak‐Kohn Bozena B. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHuman skin not only functions as a permeation barrier (mainly because of the stratum corneum layer) but also provides a unique delivery pathway for therapeutic and other active agents. These compounds penetrate via intercellular, intracellular, and transappendageal routes, resulting in topical delivery (into skin strata) and transdermal delivery (to subcutaneous tissues and into the systemic circulation). Passive and active permeation enhancement methods have been widely applied to increase the cutaneous penetration. The pathology, pathogenesis, and topical treatment approaches of dermatological diseases, such as psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and skin cancer, are then discussed. Recent literature has demonstrated that nanoparticles‐based topical delivery systems can be successful in treating these skin conditions. The studies are reviewed starting with the nanoparticles based on natural polymers especially chitosan, followed by those made of synthetic, degradable (aliphatic polyesters), and nondegradable (polyacrylates) polymers; emphasis is given to nanospheres made of polymers derived from naturally occurring metabolites, the tyrosine‐derived nanospheres (TyroSpheres™). In summary, the nanoparticles‐based topical delivery systems combine the advantages of both the nanosized drug carriers and the topical approach, and are promising for the treatment of skin diseases. For the perspectives, the penetration of ultra‐small nanoparticles (size smaller than 40 nm) into skin strata, the targeted delivery of the encapsulated drugs to hair follicle stem cells, and the combination of nanoparticles and microneedle array technologies for special applications such as vaccine delivery are discussed. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2013, 5:205–218. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1211This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Economic and conservation ramifications from the decline of waterfowl hunters
Authors: Vrtiska Mark P. , Gammonley James H. , Naylor Luke W. , Raedeke Andrew H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCurrent waterfowl populations provide liberal hunting seasons, but waterfowl hunter numbers have declined since the mid‐1990s. We hypothesized that trends in waterfowl hunter numbers, as indicated by Federal Migratory Bird Hunting Conservation Stamp (duck stamp) sales, have become independent of breeding duck populations, and we assess the impacts on habitat conservation. The relationship between duck breeding populations and duck stamp sales changed between 1955–1994 (r = 0.81) and 1995–2008 (r = 0.29). Based on the 1955–1994 relationship between total duck breeding population and duck stamp sales, about 600,000 fewer duck stamps than expected were sold annually during 1995–2008. This equates to a loss of US$126 million in gross revenue and from 42,500 to 80,900 fewer hectares of wetland and upland hectares protected. The current relationship between duck breeding population and duck stamp sales suggests future estimates of waterfowl hunters will decrease below 1 million when the breeding population declines below 32 million. Assuming current trends, expected losses of duck stamp revenues may result in an additional 2,800–13,900 unprotected ha/year if the duck breeding population declines to historical lows. Development and implementation of programs and policies that maintain or increase participation in waterfowl hunting will assist in habitat conservation efforts and continue waterfowl hunting traditions. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Population genetics of jaguarundis in Mexico: Implications for future research and conservation
Authors: Holbrook Joseph D. , Caso Arturo , Deyoung Randy W. , Tewes Michael E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) is a Neotropical felid that ranges from northern Mexico to South America. The population trend for jaguarundis is declining, yet much remains unknown about their ecology. We live‐trapped 11 jaguarundis during 1991–2004 in Tamaulipas, Mexico, and we collected blood for genetic analyses. Our objectives were to 1) estimate neutral diversity using microsatellite and mitochondrial (mtDNA) markers, 2) estimate potentially adaptive diversity in coat coloration via the melanocortin‐1 receptor gene (MC1R), and 3) provide recommendations on the use of genetic markers for noninvasive studies. We observed moderate levels of heterozygosity (HE = 0.49, SD = 0.22) and number of alleles (A = 4.00, SD = 1.65) at 12 feline microsatellite loci. The probability of identifying 2 different jaguarundis as the same individual was low using only 4–7 loci (P(ID) < 0.001 and P(ID)sib < 0.01, respectively). We observed one mtDNA haplotype, indicating no mtDNA diversity. However, we documented diversity with the MC1R assay. The frequency of the melanistic mutation (gray phenotype) was 0.33, whereas, the frequency was 0.67 for the ancestral allele (red phenotype). Microsatellite diversity of our sampled jaguarundis was less than that of sympatric populations of ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) in Tamaulipas; however, mtDNA diversity was much lower. The frequency of the melanistic mutation was lower in our sample than was previously reported in captive jaguarundis. Our microsatellite loci provided adequate diversity to implement noninvasive genetic tools to better understand the ecology of the elusive jaguarundi. To our knowledge, this work is the first genetic evaluation of wild jaguarundis and provides baseline information for future research and conservation. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Bringing Surgery to Rural Children: Chittagong, Bangladesh Experience
Authors: Banu Tahmina , Chowdhury Tanvir K. , Kabir Mahfuzul , Talukder Rupam , Lakhoo Kokila 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThere is unequal access to surgical health care in underdeveloped countries such as Bangladesh. Bangladesh has a large young population, with 70 % of the population living in rural areas. All of the pediatric surgical services of the country are situated in major cities. We therefore organized an outreach service with the aim of providing surgical services to these rural children by utilizing the existing facilities of primary and secondary care centers. The program originated at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chittagong Medical College and Hospital in Sept 2008. The data presented here are from its 2008 beginning to Nov 2011. A yearly plan is sent to the Divisional Director of Health Services for Chittagong Division, who notifies all of the concerned district hospitals (DHs) and Upazila Health Complexes (UHCs). A member of the outreach team contacts each center via telephone 1 month prior to the visit to help organize it. Doctors at each participating hospital in which day surgery is possible are informed as to which commonly performed day surgeries are available, and they then select the appropriate patients to be examined at that visit. The local doctors are also advised to choose other pediatric surgical patients as outpatients. The local doctors perform the follow‐up. If necessary, patients are referred to our department for further management. During the study period, we made 32 visits to 5 DHs and 10 UHCs. In all, 674 children were seen as outpatients, and 407 underwent surgery, of which inguinal hernia repair was the most common. There were no deaths. Outreach service is a good way to extend curative care to the grass‐roots population.
A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Semi‐mechanical versus Hand‐sewn or Circular Stapled Esophagogastrostomy for Prevention of Anastomotic Stricture
Authors: Wang Wen‐Ping , Gao Qiang , Wang Kang‐Ning , Shi Hui , Chen Long‐Qi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundSuccessful anastomosis is essential in esophagogastrectomy, and the application of the circular stapler effectively reduces the anastomotic leakage, although stricture formation has become more frequent. The present study, a randomized controlled trial, compared the recently developed semi‐mechanical anastomosis with a hand‐sewn or circular stapled esophagogastrostomy in prevention of anastomotic stricture.MethodsBetween November 2007 and September 2008, 160 consecutive patients with esophageal carcinoma underwent surgical treatment our department. Five patients were excluded from this study, and the remaining 155 patients were completely randomized to receive either an everted plus side extension esophagogastrostomy (semi‐mechanical [SM] group) or a conventional hand‐sewn esophagogastric anastomosis ([HS] group) or a circular stapled ([CS] group) esophagogastric anastomosis, after dissection of the esophageal tumor and construction of a tubular stomach. The primary outcome was the incidence of an anastomotic stricture at 3 months after the operation (defined as the diameter of the anastomotic orifice ≤0.8 cm on esophagogram). Secondary outcomes were the dysphagia score and reflux score, as well as the anastomotic diameter.ResultsThe anastomotic stricture rate was 0 % (0/45) in the SM group, 9.6 % (5/52) in the HS group, and 19.1 % (9/47) in the CS group (p < 0.001). The mean diameter of the anastomotic orifice was 18.2 ± 4.7 mm in the SM group, 11.5 ± 2.4 mm in the HS group, and 9.5 ± 3.0 mm in the CS group (p < 0.001). The reflux/regurgitation score among the three groups was similar.ConclusionsSemi‐mechanical esophagogastric anastomosis could prevent stricture formation more effectively than hand‐sewn or circular stapler esophagogastrostomy, without increasing gastroesophageal reflux.
Interaction Between an Ethoxylated Alkylphenol Polymer with Formaldehyde and Triblock polyEO–polyPO–polyEO Copolymer in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Xin Xia , Zhu Yanyan , Cao Xiaorong , Xu Guiying 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe interaction between an ethoxylated alkylphenol polymer with formaldehyde (EAPPF) and a triblock polyEO–polyPO–polyEO copolymer (TBCP) in aqueous solutions has been investigated in detail by means of surface tension, steady‐state fluorescence, dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and computer simulations. For comparison, the ethoxylated alkylphenol oligomer (EAPO), which is the monomer unit of EAPPF, and another nonionic water‐soluble polymer PEG were also selected to get more information about the interaction between different types of surfactants and polymers. The surface properties of mixed systems at the air/water surface were evaluated from surface tension measurements. Information about the hydrophobic microenvironment and size of the aggregates was obtained from steady‐state fluorescence using pyrene as a hydrophobic probe and DLS measurements, respectively. The dissipative particle dynamics simulation method was applied to simulate the interaction between EAPPF (or EAPO) and TBCP (or PEG) in aqueous solutions. The synergetic interaction between EAPPF (or EAPO) and TBCP in binary mixed solution enhanced the adsorption of surfactant molecules (EAPPF or EAPO) at the interface, while no obvious interaction between EAPPF (or EAPO) and PEG was observed.
Microstructure and Thermal Profile of Structured Lipids Produced by Continuous Enzymatic Interesterification
Authors: da Silva Roberta Claro , Ribeiro Ana Paula Badan , De Martini Soares Fabiana Andreia Schafer , Capacla Isabele Renata , Hazzan Marcia , dos Santos Adenilson Oliveira , Cardoso Lisandro Pavie , Gioielli Luiz Antonio 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEnzymatic interesterification has been shown to be an alternative for the production of structured lipids resembling human milk fat. The knowledge of the physical properties of fat is an important tool for the implementation of this fat in a food matrix. The enzymatic interesterification reaction modifies the composition of triacylglycerols changing the crystallization properties and polymorphic form of fats. Blends containing different proportions of lard and soybean oil (80:20, 70:30, 40:60, 30:70 and 20:80) were enzymatically interesterified in a continuous flow tubular reactor and analyzed for crystalline structure by polarized light microscopy, the polymorphic form using X‐ray diffraction and thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry. The structural modifications resulting from continuous enzymatic interesterification changed the crystallization behavior and thermal profile of the samples, reducing enthalpy values. Structural changes were also evident on polarized light microscopy images, disclosing an increase in the crystallization rate among the samples after the continuous enzymatic reaction.
Rapid Detection and Quantification by GC–MS of Camellia Seed Oil Adulterated with Soybean Oil
Authors: Xie Jia , Liu Tianshun , Yu Yingxin , Song Guoxin , Hu Yaoming 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCamellia seed oil with high nutritional value is widely used in southern China and southeastern Asia for cooking. Due to the high price of camellia seed oil, fraudulent traders blended the oil with inexpensive oils to increase profits. In this paper, a new method was introduced to detect the adulteration of camellia seed oil with soybean oil by GC–MS with consideration of a parameter which was defined by the total content of oleic and linoleic acid, the oleic to linoleic acid ratio and the content of linolenic acid. Oils samples were prepared by blending pure camellia seed oil with pure soybean oil at levels from 1 to 50 %. Fatty acids esterified by TMSH and TBME in seconds were separated and identified by GC–MS. The detection limit of adulteration was as low as 5 %, and even much lower than 5 % for most kinds of camellia seed oil, which was lower than those measured by other methods. All the results indicated that this simple, accurate and rapid method can also be recommended for the authentication of olive oil with some modification.
The rift origin of the Vilyui basin (East Siberia), from reconstructions of sedimentation and mechanical mathematical modeling
Authors: Polyansky O.P. , Prokop’ev A.V. , Babichev A.V. , Korobeynikov S.N. , Reverdatto V.V. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractResults of modeling of the formation of the Vilyui sedimentary basin are presented. We combine backstripping reconstructions of sedimentation and thermal regime during the subsidence with a numerical simulation based on the deformable solid mechanics. Lithological data and stratigraphic sections were used to “strip” the sedimentary beds successively and calculate the depth of the stratigraphic units during the sedimentation. It is the first time that the evolution of sedimentation which is nonuniform over the basin area has been analyzed for the Vilyui basin. The rift origin of the basin is proven. We estimate the spatial distribution of the parameters of crustal and mantle-lithosphere extension as well as expansion due to dike intrusion. According to the reconstructions, the type of subsidence curves for the sedimentary rocks of the basin depends on the tectonic regime of sedimentation in individual basins. The backstripping analysis revealed two stages of extension (sediments 4–5 km thick) and a foreland stage (sediments &gt; 2 km thick). With the two-layered lithosphere model, we conclude that the subcrustal layer underwent predominant extension (by a factor of 1.2–2.0 vs. 1.1–1.4 in the crust). The goal of numerical experiments is to demonstrate that deep troughs can form in the continental crust under its finite extension. Unlike the oceanic rifting models, this modeling shows no complete destruction or rupture of the continental crust during the extension. The 2D numerical simulation shows the possibility of considerable basement subsidence near the central axis and explains why mafic dikes are concentrated on the basin periphery.
Stoneley waves, radial waves, and method of measuring permeability and electroacoustic constant of saturated porous media
Authors: Dorovsky V.N. , Perepechko Yu.V. , Fedorov A.I. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A two-mode method of measuring permeability and electroacoustic constant in the course of borehole logging is considered. The first mode is the Stoneley wave with its electroacoustic ratio; the second mode is the radial wave in the formation around the borehole with the electric field it generates. The radial wave enables one to measure the electroacoustic constant and the Stoneley wave, the electroacoustic ratio, linearly dependent on permeability. Using these measurements jointly enables one to find permeability of the porous medium. All formation evaluation can be reduced to an additional measurement of electric conductivity.
Cycles de codimension 2 etH3non ramifié pour les variétés sur les corps finis
Authors: Colliot-Thélène Jean-Louis , Kahn Bruno 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLetXbe a smooth projective variety over a finite field$\mathbb{F}$. We discuss the unramified cohomology groupH3nr(X, ℚ/ℤ(2)). Several conjectures put together imply that this group is finite. For certain classes of threefolds,H3nr(X, ℚ/ℤ(2)) actually vanishes. It is an open question whether this holds for arbitrary threefolds. For a threefoldXequipped with a fibration onto a curveC, the generic fibre of which is a smooth projective surfaceVover the global field$\mathbb{F}$(C), the vanishing ofH3nr(X, ℚ/ℤ(2)) together with the Tate conjecture for divisors onXimplies a local-global principle of Brauer–Manin type for the Chow group of zero-cycles onV. This sheds new light on work started thirty years ago.