bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Reactive Mixing at High Schmidt and Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Walter Matthias , Kornev Nikolai , Hassel Egon 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLarge eddy simulation is used to investigate the reactive scalar transport in a confined jet reactor at high Reynolds and Schmidt numbers. Numerical simulations are performed for a fast neutralization reaction of acid and base supported by experimental data. Based on detailed planar laser‐induced fluorescence measurements, a simple conditional micromixing model for infinitely fast chemistry is developed and successfully applied to the jet mixer configuration. Results obtained for the reactive scalar transport are in excellent agreement with measurements, whereas established micromixing approaches based on the eddy dissipation model, multi environment model, and presumed probability density function with infinetly fast chemistry models indicate discrepancies in the determination of micromixing rate and product concentration.
The application of nanomaterials in controlled drug delivery for bone regeneration
Authors: Shi Shuo , Jiang Wenbao , Zhao Tianxiao , Aifantis Katerina E. , Wang Hui , Lin Lei , Fan Yubo , Feng Qingling , Cui Fu‐zhai , Li Xiaoming 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBone regeneration is a complicated process that involves a series of biological events, such as cellular recruitment, proliferation and differentiation, and so forth, which have been found to be significantly affected by controlled drug delivery. Recently, a lot of research studies have been launched on the application of nanomaterials in controlled drug delivery for bone regeneration. In this article, the latest research progress in this area regarding the use of bioceramics‐based, polymer‐based, metallic oxide‐based and other types of nanomaterials in controlled drug delivery for bone regeneration are reviewed and discussed, which indicates that the controlling drug delivery with nanomaterials should be a very promising treatment in orthopedics. Furthermore, some new challenges about the future research on the application of nanomaterials in controlled drug delivery for bone regeneration are described in the conclusion and perspectives part. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3978–3992, 2015.
Deformation twinning evolution from a single crystal in a face-centered-cubic ternary alloy
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Yang Song , Guo Dongming , Yuan Boya , Guo Xiaoguang , Zhang Bi , Huo Yanxia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDeformation twinning evolution from a single crystal is conducted by molecular dynamics simulations, to elucidate a twinned face-centered-cubic alloy in an experiment with hardness up to 100 times as that of single crystals and with ductility simultaneously. Critical twinning stress of cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) calculated is 1.38 GPa. All the twin boundaries are along the (11-1) orientation, except the one with the (-111) plane that supports the indentation, interpreting the unidirectional and boundary-free characteristics, confirmed in the experiment. Three twin thicknesses after unloading are 3.2, 3.5 and 16 nm, which is consistent with the experimentally repeated pattern of a lamellar twin with thickness larger than 12.7 nm, followed by one or several twins with thicknesses smaller than 12.7 nm. An inverse triangle of a twin combining with three twins generate a synergistic strengthening effect through the hardening and softening functions, illuminating the ultrahigh hardness demonstrated in the experiment. Twinning takes place in loading and detwinning occurs in unloading, which expounds the high ductility observed in the experiment.
Transformational leadership and employee creativity
Authors: Mittal Swati , Dhar Rajib Lochan 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– Among the different styles of leadership, transformational leadership has gained most attention from organisational researchers and academics. Although transformational leadership and its work-associated outcomes have been examined in previous literature, only a small number of studies highlighted the role of transformational leadership style in fostering employee creativity, mediated through their creative self-efficacy (CSE) in the context of Indian organisations. The purpose of this paper is to observe the effect of transformational leadership on employee creativity in small and medium sized IT companies, where CSE is proposed as a mediator and knowledge sharing as a moderator through which a transformational leader tends to influence the creativity of the employees.Design/methodology/approach– Data were gathered from 348 manager-employee dyads of small and medium size IT companies operating in India. They replied to questions about their leader’s transformational leadership style, employee CSE, knowledge sharing and creativity.Findings– Findings of the present study, derived from a hierarchical regression analysis, using the data of 348 manager-employee dyads from Indian IT SMEs professionals, revealed that CSE mediates the relation between transformational leadership and employee creativity. In addition, knowledge sharing acts as a moderator for CSE and employee creativity.Research limitations/implications– A sample size is one probable limitation of the study. Another limitation of the study is that factors used for the survey were self-reported by the respondents. Self-reporting may not always produce reliable and accurate response.Practical implications– Based on the results, this study presents strong theoretical and managerial implications that can be used by IT organisations to evaluate the consequence of transformational leadership on employee creativity. Through transformational leadership style, leader can develop CSE and employee creativity to do things in a better way and develop knowledge sharing in employees for high performance. Therefore, the IT industry need to understand that creativity is one of the approaches to attaining and sustaining competitive advantage. In addition, it is important for them to find out more about the relation between transformational leadership, CSE and employee creativity.Originality/value– The study adds to the existing literature by illuminating the process through which transformational leadership has a significant effect on fostering CSE and employee creativity.
Does family involvement foster IPO value? Empirical analysis on Italian stock market
Authors: Cirillo Alessandro , Romano Mauro , Ardovino Otello 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the relationship between family involvement and Initial Public Offering (IPO) value in the Italian context.Design/methodology/approach– Based on a unique hand-collected data set, the authors test the hypotheses on companies that went public between 2000 and 2011, making inference on 113 firms using OLS hierarchical regressions. The authors quantify the IPO value from an outside investors’ perspective with two measures to proxy for IPO value in the short-term and apply robustness checks for long-run performance. In a stewardship framework, the authors examine demographic variables including family firm status, family involvement in managerial positions and family generations.Findings– The results suggest that family firm status positively influences IPO value, that greater family involvement corresponds to higher IPO value and lastly, that the beneficial effect of family control is mainly attributable to the first generation. The results are robust to alternative specifications of each phenomenon.Research limitations/implications– As a single-country study, the results refer exclusively to the Italian context and thus the evidence provided may not automatically be generalized to IPOs of comparable equity markets.Originality/value– This study expands current knowledge by showing how investors “price” family ownership in an IPO; furthermore the authors assess how certain characteristics of family firms affect the IPOs (e.g. family involvement and intergenerational).
Effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) on the oxidative stability and storage quality of chicken sausages
Authors: Bhat Z. F. , Kumar Sunil , Kumar Lokesh 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to explore the possibility of utilization of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) leaf extract as a natural preservative in muscle foods. The products incorporated with Ocimum sanctum leaf extract were assessed for various oxidative stability and storage quality parameters.

Design/methodology/approach
– The Ocimum sanctum leaf extract was incorporated at 300 mg/kg level in the formulation. Chicken sausages incorporated with Ocimum sanctum leaf extract along with control samples were aerobically packaged in low-density polyethylene pouches and assessed for lipid oxidation, physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics under refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) conditions.

Findings
– Ocimum sanctum leaf extract showed a significant (p
<
0.05) effect on the lipid stability, as the treated products exhibited significantly (p
<
0.05) lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (mg malonaldehyde/kg) and free fatty acid (% oleic acid) values in comparison to control. A significant (p
<
0.05) effect was also observed on the microbiological characteristics of the products, as the treated products showed significantly (p
<
0.05) lower values for total plate count, psychrophilic count and yeast and mould count. Significantly, (p
<
0.05) higher scores were also observed for various sensory parameters of the treated products.

Originality/value
– The paper has demonstrated the use of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract as a potential natural preservative, as it successfully improved the oxidative stability and storage quality of the products during refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) storage and may be commercially exploited as a natural preservative in muscle foods.
5‐Arylaminouracil Derivatives: New Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Matyugina Elena , Novikov Mikhail , Babkov Denis , Ozerov Alexander , Chernousova Larisa , Andreevskaya Sofia , Smirnova Tatiana , Karpenko Inna , Chizhov Alexander , Murthu Pravin , Lutz Stefan , Kochetkov Sergei , Seley‐Radtke Katherine L. , Khandazhinskaya Anastasia L. 
Published: June 2015

Three series of 5‐arylaminouracil derivatives, including 5‐(phenylamino)uracils, 1‐(4′‐hydroxy‐2′‐cyclopenten‐1′‐yl)‐5‐(phenylamino)uracils, and 1,3‐di‐(4′‐hydroxy‐2′‐cyclopenten‐1′‐yl)‐5‐(phenylamino)uracils, were synthesized and screened for potential antimicrobial activity. Most of compounds had a negative effect on the growth of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain, with 100% inhibition observed at concentrations between 5 and 40 μg/mL. Of those, 1‐(4′‐hydroxy‐2′‐cyclopenten‐1′‐yl)‐3‐(4‴‐hydroxy‐2‴‐cyclopenten‐1‴‐yl)‐5‐(4″‐butyloxyphenylamino)uracil proved to be the most active among tested compounds against the M. tuberculosis multidrug‐resistant strain MS‐115 (MIC90 5 μg/mL). In addition, the thymidylate kinase of M. tuberculosis was evaluated as a possible enzymatic target.
Good Work
Authors: Clark Samuel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWork is on one side a central arena of self‐making, self‐understanding, and self‐development, and on the other a deep threat to our flourishing. My question is: what kind of work is good for human beings, and what kind bad? I first characterise work as necessary productive activity. My answer to my question then develops a perfectionist account of the human good: (1) the good is the full development and expression of human potentials and capacities; (2) this development and expression happens over a lifetime through appropriate practice. Work is thus a problem of human development, and I address that problem by considering three central human capacities: that we are passionate choosers, skilled makers, and social negotiators. For each, I ask: what does this capacity need from our work if it is to develop towards full and flourishing expression? Answering that question leads to a three‐part account of good work as requiring: (1) a distinctive kind of pleasure, involving both unselfconscious flow and supervisory self‐attention; (2) skill, which I describe via the ideal of craft; and (3) democracy, which I define as a form of life in which each is able to develop and use both expressive and receptive capacities.
Equality as Comparative Fairness
Authors: Temkin Larry 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe goal of this article is modest. It is simply to help illuminate the nature of egalitarianism. More particularly, I aim to show what certain egalitarians are committed to, and to suggest that equality, as these egalitarians understand it, is an important normative ideal that cannot simply be ignored in moral deliberations. In doing this, I distinguish between equality as universality, equality as impartiality, and equality as comparability, and also between instrumental and non‐instrumental egalitarianism. I then characterise the version of egalitarianism with which I am concerned, which I call equality as comparative fairness. I discuss the relations between equality, fairness, luck, and responsibility, and defend egalitarianism against rival views that focus on subsistence, sufficiency, or compassion. I also defend egalitarianism against the Levelling Down and Raising Up Objections, and present several key examples to illustrate egalitarianism's distinct appeal, in contrast to prioritarianism's. I conclude by considering two common questions about my view: first, whether my ultimate concern is really with comparative fairness, rather than equality, so that my view is not, in fact, a substantive, non‐instrumental version of egalitarianism, and second, whether my view ultimately reduces to a theory about desert.
The impact of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir on patient‐reported outcomes in cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C: the SIRIUS study
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Stepanova Maria , Pol Stanislas , Bronowicki Jean‐Pierre , Carrieri Maria Patrizia , Bourlière Marc 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundInterferon‐ and ribavirin (RBV)‐free regimens can improve patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) during treatment.AimTo compare PROs during treatment with ledipasvir and sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) to placebo and to LDV/SOF + RBV.MethodsTreatment‐experienced CH‐C genotype 1 patients with compensated cirrhosis (N = 154) were randomized to receive 24 weeks of LDV/SOF or 12 weeks of placebo followed by 12 weeks of LDV/SOF + RBV (the SIRIUS clinical trial). While blinded to their HCV RNA level and study treatment, patients completed PRO questionnaires (SF‐36, FACIT‐F, CLDQ‐HCV, WPAI:SHP) at baseline, during and post‐treatment.ResultsBaseline PRO scores were similar between the two study arms. Patients receiving LDV/SOF showed improvement in a number of PROs (predominantly related to mental health) starting as early as 4 weeks after treatment initiation; no PRO decrement from baseline were noted, and no PRO scores were inferior to placebo (all P > 0.05). In the second 12 weeks, patients who were receiving LDV/SOF continued to improve PROs (up to +9.2% from a 100% maximum possible score, P < 0.05), while patients receiving LDV/SOF + RBV had less gains or no improvement in their PRO scores. However, regardless of the regimen, patients who successfully cleared the virus (N = 149) had significant improvement in all aspects of PROs (up to +12.2% by post‐treatment week 12, up to +16.9% by week 24).ConclusionsTreatment‐experienced cirrhotic patients experience a notable improvement of their PROs during treatment with LDV/SOF. Furthermore, achieving SVR‐12 is associated with significant PRO improvement, which further improves at post‐treatment week 24 in this difficult to treat group of patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Hippocrates on Pediatric Dermatology
Authors: Sgantzos Markos , Tsoucalas Gregory , Karamanou Marianna , Giatsiou Styliani , Tsoukalas Ioannis , Androutsos George 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHippocrates of Kos is well known in medicine, but his contributions to pediatric dermatology have not previously been examined. A systematic study of Corpus Hippocraticum was undertaken to document references of clinical and historical importance of pediatric dermatology. In Corpus Hippocraticum, a variety of skin diseases are described, along with proposed treatments. Hippocrates rejected the theory of the punishment of the Greek gods and supported the concept that dermatologic diseases resulted from a loss of balance in the body humors. Many of the terms that Hippocrates and his pupils used are still being used today. Moreover, he probably provided one of the first descriptions of skin findings in smallpox, Henoch–Schönlein purpura (also known as anaphylactoid purpura, purpura rheumatica, allergic purpura), and meningococcal septicemia.
Feasibility of Load-Shedding to Improve Efficiency and Reduce Energy Consumption on Passenger Locomotives
Authors: Shurland Melissa , Andersen David R. , Prabhakaran Anand , Singh Som P. 
Published: June 2015

This paper discusses the feasibility of shedding electrical demand associated with passenger coach HVAC systems during periods of peak traction needs, with the goal of right-sizing the main engine on a passenger locomotive, and possibly eliminating the HEP.
In this study, train operation simulations were conducted to determine the sustained durations of peak traction needs on typical commuter and long distance routes. The simulation results were combined with thermal analyses of a sample passenger coach to investigate whether the required comfortable temperature range could be maintained for the durations of peak traction needs, with the HVAC system deactivated. Additionally, a review of available technology for load-shedding, and an economic analysis were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of implementing load shedding on passenger trains. The study showed that an appropriate load shedding strategy can be implemented without adversely impacting the industrywide passenger comfort standards and eliminating the capital and maintenance costs associated with an HEP.
Hitting the Caspofungin Salvage Pathway of Human-Pathogenic Fungi with the Novel Lasso Peptide Humidimycin (MDN-0010)
Authors: Valiante Vito , Monteiro Maria Cândida , Martín Jesús , Altwasser Robert , El Aouad Noureddine , González Ignacio , Kniemeyer Olaf , Mellado Emilia , Palomo Sara , de Pedro Nuria , Pérez-Victoria Ignacio , Tormo José R. , Vicente Francisca , Reyes Fernando , Genilloud Olga , Brakhage Axel A. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Fungal infections have increased dramatically in the last 2 decades, and fighting infectious diseases requires innovative approaches such as the combination of two drugs acting on different targets or even targeting a salvage pathway of one of the drugs. The fungal cell wall biosynthesis is inhibited by the clinically used antifungal drug caspofungin. This antifungal activity has been found to be potentiated by humidimycin, a new natural product identified from the screening of a collection of 20,000 microbial extracts, which has no major effect when used alone. An analysis of transcriptomes and selected
Aspergillus fumigatus
mutants indicated that humidimycin affects the high osmolarity glycerol response pathway. By combining humidimycin and caspofungin, a strong increase in caspofungin efficacy was achieved, demonstrating that targeting different signaling pathways provides an excellent basis to develop novel anti-infective strategies.
UNderstanding uptake of Immunisations in TravellIng aNd Gypsy communities (UNITING): protocol for an exploratory, qualitative study
Authors: Jackson Cath , Bedford Helen , Condon Louise , Crocker Annie , Emslie Carol , Dyson Lisa , Gallagher Bridget , Kerr Susan , Lewis Helen J , Mytton Julie , Redsell Sarah A , Schicker Frieda , Shepherd Christine , Smith Lesley , Vousden Linda , Cheater Francine M 
Published: June 2015

IntroductionGypsies, Travellers and Roma (referred to here as Travellers) experience significantly poorer health and have shorter life expectancy than the general population. They are also less likely to access health services including immunisation. To improve immunisation rates, we need to understand what helps and hinders individuals in these communities in taking up immunisations. This study has two aims: (1) Investigate the barriers and facilitators to acceptability and uptake of immunisations among six Traveller communities in the UK; (2) Identify potential interventions to increase uptake in these Traveller communities.Methods and analysisA three-phase qualitative study with six Traveller communities. PHASE 1: In each community, we will explore up to 45 Travellers’ views about the influences on their immunisation behaviours and ideas for improving uptake in their community. PHASE 2: In each community, we will investigate 6–8 service providers’ perspectives on barriers and facilitators to childhood and adult immunisations for Traveller communities with whom they work, and ideas to improve uptake. Interview data will be analysed using the Framework approach. PHASE 3: The findings will be discussed and interventions prioritised in six workshops, each with 10–12 phase 1 and 3–4 phase 2 participants.Ethics and disseminationThis research received approval from NRES Committee Yorkshire and The Humber-Leeds East (Ref. 13/YH/02). It will produce (1) findings on the barriers and facilitators to uptake of immunisations in six Traveller communities; (2) a prioritised list of potentially feasible and acceptable interventions for increasing uptake in these communities; and (3) methodological development in undertaking research with diverse Traveller communities. The study has the potential to inform new ways of delivering services to ensure high immunisation uptake. Findings will be disseminated to participants, relevant UK organisations with responsibility for the implementation of immunisation policy and Traveller health/welfare; and submitted for publication in academic journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN20019630.
ПЕРЕБІГ ВАГІТНОСТІ І ПОЛОГІВ У ЖІНОК З ПРЕЕКЛАМПСІЄЮ ТА ІНФЕКЦІЯМИ ,ЯКІ ПЕРЕДАЮТЬСЯ СТАТЕВИМ ШЛЯХОМ
Authors: Маланчин І. М. 
Published: June 2015

Прееклампсія та інфекції, які передаються статевим шляхом, збільшують ризик патологічного перебігу вагітності пологів. Обстежено 165 жінок з прееклампсією, проведено комплексне обстеження вагітних та їх новонароджених. Доведено фактори ризику внутрішньоутробного інфікування. Виявлено терапевтичну ефективність кагоцелу і протефлазиду в комплексному лікуванні таких пацієнток. <br />
An ecological analysis of secondary school students’ drug use in Hong Kong: A case-control study
Authors: Tse Samson , Zhu Shimin , Yu Chong Ho , Wong Paul , Tsang Sandra 
Published: June 2015

Background: Youth drug use is a significant at-risk youth behaviour and remains as one of the top priorities for mental health services, researchers and policy planners. The ecological characteristics of secondary school students’ behaviour in Hong Kong are understudied. Aim: To examine individual, familial, social and environmental correlates of drug use among secondary students in Hong Kong. Method: Data were extracted from a school survey with 3078 students. Among the 3078 students, 86 students reported to have used drugs in the past 6 months. A total of 86 age- and gender-matched controls with no drug-use behaviour in the past 6 months were randomly selected from the remaining students. Multiple logistic analysis was used to examine differential correlates between those who used and did not use substance in the past 6 months. Result: Positive school experience and perspective to school and parental support are protective factors of drug use. Lower self-esteem, lower self-efficacy against using drugs and higher level of permissive attitude towards drugs were associated with drug use. Students who were low in self-esteem and rather impulsive tend to use drugs. Conclusion: To prevent students from drug use, efforts in individual, family, school and community-levels should be addressed.