bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Policy, Ethics, and the Kansas Legislative Health Academy
Authors: Blacksher Erika , Maree Gina , Schrandt Suzanne , Soderquist Chris , Steffensmeier Tim , St. Peter Robert 
Published: January 2015

We describe a unique program, the Kansas Legislative Health Academy, that brings together state legislators from across the political spectrum to build their capacity in advancing policies that can improve the health of Kansans.To that end, the academy helps legislators develop new skills to deliberate the ethics of health policy, use systems thinking to understand the long- and short-term effects of policy action and inaction, and engage in acts of civic leadership. The academy also seeks to foster an environment of respectful open dialogue and to build new cross-chamber and cross-party relationships.Among the most important outcomes cited by program participants is the value of sustained, personal interaction and problem solving with individuals holding differing political views.
Brief: Risk Analysis and Monte Carlo Simulation Applied to the Generation of Drilling AFE Estimates
Authors: Peterson S.K. , Murtha J.A. , Schneider F.F. 
Published: January 2015

Summary
This paper presents a method for developing an authorization-for-expenditure (AFE) -generating model and illustrates the technique with a specific offshore field development case study. The model combines Monte Carlo simulation and statistical analysis of historical drilling data to generate more accurate, risked, AFE estimates. In addition to the general method, two examples of making AFE time estimates for North Sea wells with the presented techniques are given.
Modelling the chlorine decay process in a distribution network using a pilot system
Authors: Buamah R. , Akodwaa-Boadi K. , Paintsil M. , Baah-Ennumh E. K. , Adjaottor A. A. 
Published: January 2015

Chlorine is one of the many disinfectants used to ensure bacteriological safety of drinking water. Usually residual chlorine is maintained within the distribution network to combat any probable re-contamination of the distributed water. This residual free chlorine, however, decays in water due to its reaction with the bulk water and the pipe material or deposits on the pipe walls.
This study aimed at determining and modelling chlorine decay in the Kumasi water distribution network (KWDN) and determined locations where residual chlorine boosting is necessary. A double-jacketed batch reactor and a constructed pilot distribution system (PDS) were used to determine the bulk and wall decay coefficients. The PDS was run using aged PVC pipes (15–20 years), asbestos concrete pipes (40–50 years) and cast iron pipes (84 years) that have been in use in the KWDN. The SynerGEE® hydraulic model was used to identify the ‘zero chlorine’ points and predict top-up quantities.
The bulk decay coefficient was found to be 0.053 h−1 within 8 hours at 26 °C and the residual chlorine decayed within the bulk fluid by 32–34% of its initial dose. Under the conditions tested, the cast iron pipes had the highest overall decay coefficients (K). Five locations within the network were identified as probable chlorine boosting points).
Factors that Influence the Purchase and Consumption of Alcoholic Drinks in Malawi Particularly among University Students
Authors: Kamanga Eliam Y.Z. 
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that influence the purchase and consumption of alcohol among university students in Malawi. The study sought to recommend strategies that can promote the marketing of alcohol among university students aged 18 and above. Results show that of the 138 respondents, 109 (72% males and 28% females) agreed that they consume alcohol. The study indicates that quality of alcohol influences most students to consume alcohol. In addition, promotions that emphasise on price cuts and special offers have a positive impact on the marketing of alcohol among students. Notable also are subjective social norms which play a significant role in influencing students to consume alcohol with friends other than alone. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i1.11682 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-1: 52-67
A clinical approach to ocular myasthenia gravis
Authors: Sitaula S , Sharma A K , Thapa M , Gajurel B P , Sah R P 
Published: January 2015

Myasthenia gravis is a common disorder of the neuromuscular junction characterized clinically by muscle weakness and fatigability. Ocular myasthenia is often misdiagnosed in the initial stages due to the fluctuating nature of ptosis and diplopia. Here, we describe the clinical characteristics of ocular myasthenia gravis along with the diagnostic difficulties in a tertiary eye care center in Nepal. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of the patients diagnosed as ocular myasthenia gravis in Neuro-ophthalmology clinic, BPKLCOS, from 2010 to 2013. The diagnosis of ocular myasthenia was based on the association of typical history and signs together with at least one of these features: unequivocal improvement of ocular signs after injection of neostigmine, positive response to electrophysiological tests and detection of serum antibodies to acetylcholine receptors. There were 24 cases of diagnosed ocular myasthenia gravis during the 3 years. Among them 11 cases (45.8%) were males and 13 cases (54.1%) were females. The mean age was 32.04±19.56 years with the age range from 9 years to68 years. The most common symptoms among patients were drooping of the lids (45.8%, n=11), followed by both double vision and drooping of the lids (37.5%, n=9) and only intermittent double vision in16.6% (n=4). In two patients (9.09%) CT-scan findings were suggestive of thymoma. The symptoms were resolved with anticholinesterases alone in 66.6% (n=16) and anticholinesterases were supplemented with immunosuppressive drugs in 33.3% (n=8) patients. Ocular myasthenia is often misdiagnosed in the initial stages due to its fluctuating nature. With a high index of clinical suspicion simple clinical tests accompanied by pharmacological tests can be useful in diagnosing the condition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i3.11931Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(3): 5-8
Implications of solute super-saturation in growth of vaporisation-induced recrystallised grains during heat treatment in Ni-base superalloys
Authors: D’Souza Neil , Welton Dean , Wang Hang 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The role of vaporisation in the evolution of surface micro-structural instability has been investigated in Ni-base superalloys during heat treatment below the solvus temperature. Initial nucleation of beta (β) grains at the surface with random orientations arose from vaporisation of Ni, Co and Cr with subsequent de-stabilisation of gamma (γ) phase. Further vaporisation and inter-diffusion resulted in a discontinuous reaction (secondary reaction zone – gamma prime (γ′) matrix + topologically close packed phases with needle-like morphology). On the other hand, advancement of the secondary reaction zone grain boundary was shown to be dependent only on the solute supersaturation ahead of the boundary. The driving force for growth of the secondary reaction zone was calculated from the Gibbs energy change and nearly all of this force was available to pull the grain boundary.
Role of chloride in the electrochemical behaviour of AZ31B Mg alloy
Authors: Fattah-alhosseini Arash , Joni Mahshid Sabaghi 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The role of chloride in the electrochemical behaviour of AZ31B Mg alloy in 0.05 M NaOH was investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarization, Mott–Schottky analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Potentiodynamic polarization curves indicated that chloride concentration increase leads to a narrower passivation region of AZ31B Mg alloy. Also, the polarization curves revealed that increasing chloride concentration leads to higher corrosion current density in AZ31B Mg alloy. The micrographs clearly showed that the number and depth of pits increased with increasing chloride concentration. The Mott–Schottky analysis showed that the passive films have n-type semiconductive characteristics, where the number of oxygen vacancies and interstitials predominate over the cation vacancies. Moreover, Mott–Schottky results showed that the donor densities are in the range of 1021 cm−3 and increase with increasing chloride concentration.
Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-5Al-3Zr-4Mo-3V alloy
Authors: Peng Shuang , Ji Haibin , Feng Xin , Qiu Jianke , Lei Jiafeng 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-5Al-3Zr-4Mo-3V alloy are investigated in this paper. The results showed that the microstructural evolution with temperature could be classified into three stages in terms of the variation in β matrix. At stage I (670–790°C), some acicular primary α phase was retained and coarsened in β matrix; at stage II (790–830°C), the acicular primary α phase almost completely dissolved and no secondary α phase formed in β matrix during the following air cooling, and stress-induced martensitic transformation during tensile testing at room temperature occurred which caused the “double yield” phenomenon; at stage III (830–910°C), the secondary α phase precipitated in β matrix during the cooling, which led to a significant increase in the tensile strength.
High foliar nutrient concentrations and resorption efficiency in Embothrium coccineum (Proteaceae) in southern Chile
Authors: Fajardo Alex , Piper Frida I. 
Published: January 2015

• Premise of the study: Southern South American (SA) Proteaceae species growing in volcanic soils have been proposed as potential ecosystem engineers by tapping phosphorus (P) from soil through their cluster roots and shedding nutrient‐rich litter to the soil, making it available for other species. We tested whether Embothrium coccineum (Proteaceae) has effectively lower P nutrient resorption efficiency and higher litter P concentrations than co‐occurring, non‐Proteaceae species.• Methods: In southern Chile, we assessed the P and nitrogen (N) resorption efficiency of senescent leaves and fresh litter of E. coccineum and co‐occurring tree species in a soil fertility and moisture gradient (600–3000 mm of annual precipitation) in Patagonia, Chile. We determined P and N concentrations, leaf mass per area (LMA), and ratios of N/P and C/N in mature and senescent leaf cohorts and fresh litter.• Key results: Embothrium coccineum showed significantly higher P and N resorption efficiency than co‐occurring species; in fact, E. coccineum fresh litter had the lowest P‐content. While E. coccineum showed significantly lower fresh litter P concentrations than the rest of the species, it showed significantly higher N concentrations. Embothrium coccineum also had lower LMA and similar N/P and C/N ratios when compared with co‐occurring tree species.• Conclusions: We found that E. coccineum efficiently mobilized P and, to a lesser extent, N before leaf shedding. We did not find support for the ecosystem engineering hypothesis via shedding P‐rich litter. We suggest that southern South American Proteaceae may be taking up other nutrients besides P, probably N, from the young, volcanic soils of this region.
Évaluer des attitudes, un défi pour le socle commun. Évaluation diagnostique de la cohérence entre compétences sociales et compétences d'autonomie
Authors: Janichon Daniel 
Published: January 2015

La nécessité de valider le socle commun pour obtenir le brevet confère à l’évaluation des compétences une importance toute particulière. Familière au monde de l’entreprise, la notion de compétence l’est, en France, moins à celui de l’éducation. Une transposition s’opère cependant, qui conjugue connaissances et capacités à les mettre en œuvre au service d’un savoir-être que le socle tente de définir. Les sixième et septième compétences de ce dernier proposent notamment plusieurs « attitudes ». Malgré les difficultés inhérentes à l’évaluation de ce type de compétences, une enquête, menée auprès de trois-cents élèves de troisième, montre un léger décalage entre les attitudes sociales (respect, non-violence, solidarité…) et l’autonomie (soif d’apprendre, capacité à choisir son orientation…) qui interroge sur la cohérence axiologique du socle.
« Se servir d'un Rembrandt comme planche à repasser ! »
Authors: Poirson Martial 
Published: January 2015

Les affinités électives entre l’art et le marketing – indissociables au sein d’un artketing – constituent désormais l’horizon d’attente d’un capitalisme artiste émergeant à la faveur de la mondialisation et de la mutation aussi bien de la production que des échanges. L’artiste, ainsi mis en demeure de contribuer à la dynamique du capitalisme, voire à sa refondation, peut tout aussi bien adhérer à un tel projet d’habilitation artistique de la production et de la consommation que décider d’en détourner, voire d’en subvertir les processus de légitimation en se constituant lui-même en entreprise : telle est l’ambiguïté de la posture nouvelle de l’artiste-entrepreneur.
Autonomie, marché et attention
Authors: Franck Georg , Valente Linsey , Citton Yves 
Published: January 2015

La supposition d’un antagonisme entre art et marché ne va pas de soi. Le fonctionnement intrinsèque de la culture représente un système de marchés – même s’il ne s’agit pas toujours de marchés commerciaux. Dans nos sociétés de l’information et des médias, une part considérable des produits de consommation courante tombe sous la rubrique de la consommation culturelle. Les marchés culturels ont toujours été de ce type : on y offre de l’information qui est payée, en contrepartie, sous forme d’attention. Cet article explore quelques-unes des implications de tels entrecroisements.
Évaluer l'architecture ?
Authors: Violeau Jean-Louis 
Published: January 2015

Évaluer l’architecture populaire ramène invariablement au savant, quelle que soit la variété des regards (confrontation, imitation, altération, recours, fascination ou rejet), à l’extrême construction savante du populaire et construction populaire du savant. Mais le désir d’architecture renvoie rarement à un désir d’architecte : quand et comment une œuvre architecturale échappe-t-elle à son auteur pour devenir signe d’une culture que chacun se sera appropriée ?
Quand le numérique transmute les valeurs
Authors: Kyrou Ariel 
Published: January 2015

Le numérique réalise une opération d’alchimie, déclinée ici en cinq thèses : 1) L’original disparaît, la copie numérique devient originale, et l’œuvre trouve sa valeur par la création d’un contexte. 2) Dès lors que la position d’auteur est partagée avec le public, l’œuvre se juge en termes de relation. 3) Il devient impossible de mesurer la vérité d’une œuvre, sa valeur repose donc sur sa justesse. 4) L’œuvre ne tient plus sa valeur du musée ou de la galerie, mais des espaces-temps qu’elle réussit à construire. 5) Les arts nés du numérique et des biotechnologies sont les labos in vivo d’autres valeurs que celle du marché de l’art.
Origine et inspiration
Authors: Lamau Marie-Louise 
Published: January 2015

Cicely Saunders créa au sud-est de Londres en 1967 le premier « hospice » dédié à ce que nous appelons désormais les soins palliatifs. Dans la foulée, de nombreux autres services de ce type ont été ouverts, par exemple à Montréal. Dès son adolescence Cicely Saunders se pencha sur la détresse d’autrui. La rencontre avec le juif polonais David Tasma, qui avait vécu dans le ghetto de Varsovie, et dont la vie était en train de s’achever loin de sa famille, fut pour elle fondatrice. Tous deux échangeaient beaucoup. L’engagement en médecine de Cicely prend sa source au contact de David ainsi que les grandes options à présent bien connues : « le care plutôt que le cure ». Beaucoup de choses devaient être concrètement changées. La création du St Christopher’s Hospice lui en offrit l’occasion. Deux textes majeurs tracent les lignes essentielles des choix à faire : The Need puis The Scheme . Cicely s’engagea avec détermination pour faire sortir de terre ce premier hospice qui fit travailler une équipe pluridisciplinaire affrontée à l’expérience de la douleur totale. Le mot d’ordre était : « veillez ! ». Cicely soutint le développement ultérieur d’autres hospices. Elle prit part aussi au débat sur l’euthanasie au milieu des années soixante-dix : si des soins de très bonne qualité sont prodigués au malade, il ne devrait pas être question prima facie d’euthanasie. Le piège d’une éventuelle légalisation consiste pour le malade dit incurable à interpréter pour lui le droit comme un devoir.
The Turner Mountain syenite, Maine, USA: geology, geochemistry, geochronology, petrogenesis, and post-orogenic exhumation
Authors: Wang Chunzeng , Ludman Allan , Xiao Long 
Published: January 2015

The Turner Mountain syenite is one of the few plutons located entirely within the Norumbega fault system in the northern Appalachian orogen. It is composed of texturally and mineralogically homogeneous biotite-amphibole syenite and is in faulted contact with mylonitic leucogranite and an unmetamorphosed redbed unit. It is intermediate in SiO2 content (58.7–65.1 wt%) and ultrapotassic (6.4–7.9 wt% K2O) with high K2O/Na2O ratios (2.75–4.15), yet is relatively primitive in terms of MgO (2.8–4.9 wt%), Ni (average 90.2 ppm), and Cr (average 210.1 ppm) contents. It has enriched large-ion-lithophile elements relative to high field strength elements, high contents of light rare-earth elements, and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7038–0.7068) similar to that of OIB basalts. It differs petrologically and geochemically from the neighboring Lucerne-Deblois plutons but is similar to Lincoln syenite located 100 km to the southwest, also within the Norumbega system. Zircon U-Pb dating using LA-ICP-MS yields a weighted mean age of 410.5 ± 2.4 Ma, slightly younger than the Lincoln syenite (418 ± 1 Ma). Based on their distinctive geochemical signatures, both were probably products of Late Silurian-Early Devonian ultrapotassic magmatism related to Acadian subduction, generated by partial melting of a mantle wedge metasomatized by potassium-rich fluids during west-directed subduction. This unique magmatism could be attributed to decompressional melting during Late Silurian-Early Devonian slab break-off or delamination. Based on Sr-Nd isotopic compositions, the Turner Mountain syenite magma probably had more crustal interaction than that which formed the Lincoln syenite. The syenite was later exhumed tectonically during brittle reactivation of the Norumbega fault. The reactivation involved regional-scale, high-angle, southeast-over-northwest reverse faulting in a transpressional environment and occurred during the Late Devonian and through Mississippian to Permian.
Blending satellite‐based snow depth products with in situ observations for streamflow predictions in the Upper Colorado River Basin
Authors: Liu Yuqiong , Peters‐Lidard Christa D. , Kumar Sujay V. , Arsenault Kristi R. , Mocko David M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn snowmelt‐driven river systems, it is critical to enable reliable predictions of the spatiotemporal variability in seasonal snowpack to support local and regional water management. Previous studies have shown that assimilating satellite‐station blended snow depth data sets can lead to improved snow predictions, which however do not always translate into improved streamflow predictions, especially in complex mountain regions. In this study, we explore how an existing optimal interpolation‐based blending strategy can be enhanced to reduce biases in satellite snow depth products for improving streamflow predictions. Two major new considerations are explored, including: (1) incorporating terrain aspect and (2) incorporating areal snow coverage information. The methodology is applied to the bias reduction of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR‐E) snow depth estimates, which are then assimilated into the Noah land surface model via the ensemble Kalman Filtering (EnKF) for streamflow predictions in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Our results indicate that using only observations from low‐elevation stations such as the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) in the bias correction can lead to underestimation in streamflow, while using observations from high‐elevation stations (e.g., the Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) network) along with terrain aspect is critically important for achieving reliable streamflow predictions. Additionally incorporating areal snow coverage information from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) can slightly improve the streamflow results further.
Cash Flow Statement
Authors: Nurnberg Hugo 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Under International Financial Accounting Standards (IFRS) and US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP), most business enterprises are required to provide a cash flow statement for each period for which results of operations are provided. IFRS and US GAAP requirements are similar, but there are some important differences. This article summarizes and compares IFRS and US GAAP requirements.
The cash flow statement explains the change during the period in cash and cash equivalents, and classifies all cash inflows and outflows as operating, investing, or financing activities. Additionally, net cash flow subtotals are reported for each of these activities.
IFRS (and US GAAP) permit several alternatives in the cash flow statement. Each reporting entity must establish a cash equivalents classification policy and decide whether to use the direct method or the indirect (reconciliation) method to report net cash flow from operating activities. Certain cash flows may be reported either net or gross.
This article examines the advantages and disadvantages of these alternatives. It also identifies some of the inconsistencies and ambiguities of the classification rules, and some of the proposals to amend IFRS (and US GAAP) to make the cash flow statement more consistent and more useful to report users.
Corporate Restructuring And Accounting Information
Authors: Stouraitis Aris 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Corporate restructuring refers to the restructuring of the firm's assets (mergers and acquisitions, leveraged buy‐outs (LBOs), management buy‐outs (MBOs), asset sales, voluntary liquidations, spin‐offs, layoffs, plant closures, and internal reorganizations) and the restructuring of its claims (initial public offerings (IPOs), equity carve‐outs, seasoned equity offerings (SEOs), and leveraged recapitalizations).
International Comparative Management Accounting
Authors: Bhimani Alnoor 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCross‐national studies of management accounting practices point to the existence of distinct national differences. These studies draw on a variety of methodological approaches. This article reviews these perspectives and considers methods in which accounting diversity is reported to exist across different countries. It comments on the way forward in the light of globalization and technological advancements which currently affect international management accounting practices.
Critical Accounting: After The Financial Crisis
Authors: Sy Aida , Tinker Tony 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe article describes the methods used in critical accounting. We investigates the relevant of critical research and the authors who write in the field and show how they responds to the current issues in the profession, in business in general and in capitalism. We show the differences with positive accounting where there are no solutions or explanations of crises that occur due to the contractions of capitalism.