bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progression of Relapsing-Remitting Demyelinating Disease Does Not Require Increased TCR Affinity or Epitope Spread
Authors: Kersh Anna E. , Edwards Lindsay J. , Evavold Brian D. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the basis of T cell recognition of myelin that governs the progression from acute symptoms into disease remission, relapse, and chronic progression in a secondary progressive model of demyelinating disease. Until now, the frequency and affinity of myelin-reactive CD4 T cells that elicit relapsing-remitting disease have not been quantified. The micropipette adhesion frequency assay was used to obtain a sensitive and physiologically relevant two-dimensional measurement of frequency and TCR affinity for myelin, as the inherent low affinity does not allow the use of specific peptide:MHC-II tetramers for this purpose. We found the highest affinity and frequency of polyclonal myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–reactive cells infiltrate the CNS during acute disease, whereas affinities during remission, relapse, and chronic disease are not significantly different from each other. Frequency analysis revealed that the vast majority of CNS-infiltrating CD4 T cells are myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein reactive at all time points, demonstrating epitope spread is not a predominant factor for disease progression. Furthermore, time points at which mice were symptomatic were characterized by an infiltration of Th17 cells in the CNS, whereas symptom remission showed an enrichment of cells producing IFN-γ. Also, the ratio of regulatory T cells to Foxp3− CD4 T cells was significantly higher in the CNS at remission than during acute disease. The results of this study indicate that a high frequency of T cells specific for a single myelin Ag, rather than increased TCR affinity or epitope spread, governs the transition from acute symptoms through remission, relapse, and chronic disease states.
Plasma cell leukemia: A case series from South India with emphasis on rarer variants
Authors: Rajeswari G , Paul T Roshni , Uppin Megha S. , Uppin Shantveer G. , Rao D Raghunadha , Raju D D Sree Bhushan , Sadashindu G 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPlasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive variant of plasma cell dyscrasia. They occur de novo (primary) or as a late manifestation of multiple myeloma (secondary). Patients present with anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, organomegaly and extramedullary manifestations. We are presenting this series as it is the second largest series from India (16) with 4 young cases (under 40 years of age), more number of female patients and two having ′hairy cell′ morphology. It is recommended that techniques like immunophenotyping and protein electrophoresis be performed, whenever the morphology is not characteristic of plasma cells.
The seroprevalence of Kaposi′s sarcoma associated herpes virus and human herpes virus-6 in pediatric patients with cancer and healthy children in a Turkish pediatric oncology center
Authors: Tacyildiz Nurdan , Dincaslan Handan Ugur , Ozdemir Halil , Yavuz Gulsan , Unal Emel , Ikinciogullari Aydan , Dogu Figen , Guloglu Deniz , Suskan Emine , Kose Kenan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background: Many studies have tried to be establish a pathogenic role for human herpesvirus-6 and -8 (HHV-6, HHV-8) in malignant diseases, but whether these viruses plays a role in these pathologies remains unclear. HHV-6 and HHV-8 seropositivity were shown in a healthy population. There is no published data in Turkey about seroprevalence of these viruses. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HHV-6 and HHV-8 in pediatric cancer patients and to compare with healthy Turkish children′s viral seroprevalence. Patients and Methods: Ninety-three pediatric cancer patients and 43 age-matched healthy children were included in the study. All sera were screened for antibodies to HHV-6 and HHV-8 by ELISA. Results: HHV-8 immunoglobulin G (IgG) was positive in 3.3% of lymphoma patients, in 4.8% of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, in 4.8% of retinoblastoma patients and in 7% of healthy children. There was no significant difference in HHV-8 seroprevelance between these groups. HHV-6 seroprevalence was 81% in ALL patients, 70% in lymphoma group, 81% in retinoblastoma patients and 69.8% in healthy children. Although there was no significant difference in HHV-6 prevalence between healthy children and pediatric cancer patients, HHV-6 seropositivity tended to be higher in retinoblastoma patients under age of 4 years (odds ratio: 2.925). Conclusion: HHV-6 seroprevalence was higher than HHV-8 seropositivity in our study. Viral studies related HHV-6 seroprevelance in retinoblastoma patients would be useful to clarify if there is any etiological association between HHV-6 and retinoblastoma.
Comparison of 2 Different Barrier Solutions (icodextrin 4% vs. dextran 70) used as Adhesion-prevention Agents after Microsurgical Adnexal Operations
Authors: Deus Christiane , Kropf Siegfried , Kleinstein Jürgen 
Published: September 2014

In this prospective randomized clinical trial, 2 different barrier solutions (icodextrin 4% vs. dextran 70) were compared with regard to their antiadhesive properties, their tolerance and their persistence in situ. To this end, 45 patients suffering from infertility due to adnexal adhesions with indication for microsurgical adhesiolysis were randomized to 2 treatment groups. In advance of abdominal closure, patients were randomized to receive either 1,000 mL of icodextrin 4% solution (n = 23) or 300 mL dextran 70 instillation (n = 22). Serial transvaginal ultrasonographic scans were conducted on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after surgery to measure the remaining volumes of each barrier solution. Seven days after initial surgery, a second-look laparoscopy was performed; remaining fluids were aspirated and measured and adhesions were rescored (final adhesion score). Differences between treatment groups were not significant (p = 0.775). With regard to their tolerance, the advantages of the icodextrin 4% solution became obvious, as edema of vulva and abdomen occurred more frequently after dextran 70 instillation. In conclusion, microsurgical adhesiolysis and application of icodextrin 4% solution or dextran 70 as adhesion-prevention agent resulted in reduction of incidence, extent and severity of adhesions. Both solutions were well tolerated.
Determination of Total Chromium at Ultratrace Levels in Water and Soil Samples by Coprecipitation Microsample Injection System Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Baig Jameel Ahmed , Elci Latif , Khan Muhammad Irfan , Kazi Tasneem Gul 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A simple, robust, and novel analytical procedure was developed for determination of total chromium (Cr) by carrier element coprecipitation (CECP) coupled microsample injection system with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. For this method, Cr(III) was oxidized by Ce(SO4)2 in acidic media, and the resulting solution formed coprecipitates with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate in the presence of Ce(III). The effective parameters of the developed method have been optimized and studied in detail. The LOD and enrichment factor of CECP were 2.13 μg/L and 100 ± 2.8, respectively, with 40 mL initial volumes. The RSD values (n = 6) were &lt;5%. The applicability and accuracy of CECP were estimated by the analysis of total Cr in industrial effluent wastewater by the standard addition method (recoveries &gt; 96%). The accuracy of total Cr by CECP after microwave acid digestion was checked by using a certified reference material (GBW 07309 Stream Sediment). The difference between the found and certified values was not significant (P &gt; 0.05). The proposed method was successfully applied to natural drinking water, industrial effluent wastewater, and the exchangeable fraction of garden soil from Denizli, Turkey.
Use of Dipyridile Amine Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Preconcentration and Determination of Lead Ions in Food Samples
Authors: Karimi Mohammad , Aboufazeli Forouzan , Lotfi Zadeh Zhad Hamid Reza , Sadeghi Omid , Najafi Ezzatollah 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Novel dipyridile-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis, elemental analysis, high-angle X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. A novel nano-sorbent was used for rapid extraction, preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of lead(II) ions by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Various adsorption and desorption parameters were optimized during this study. The optimum conditions were pH 6.0; time of adsorption and desorption at 2 and 5 min, respectively; and a maximum capacity value of 192.6 ± 0.7 mg/g (0.93 mmol/g). The RSD and LOD of the method were 1.43% and 0.7 ng/mL, respectively. The LOQ was 2.4 ng/mL. Standard reference materials of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 1572 and NIST 1571 were used to verify the accuracy of this method. The sorbent allowed for the successful extraction and determination of low levels of Pb(II) ions in various samples of rice, baking powder, wheat, and other foodstuffs.
Determination of Sulfonamides in Pork, Egg, and Chicken Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as a Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbent Followed by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Haixiang , Ding Mingyu , Gao Yunbao , Deng Wei 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Twelve sulfonamide residues, namely, sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfadoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfadimethoxine, sulfanilamide, sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, and sulfamethizole were determined in pork tissue, chicken, and eggs by ultra-performance LC/MS/MS after SPE cleanup using multiwalled carbon nanotubes, which permitted extracted samples from animal tissue and eggs to be cleaned up under either normal phase (NP) or reversed phase (RP) conditions or both. In this method, the NP cleanup provided recoveries for nine of the 12 sulfonamides ranging from 71 to 90% and &lt;60% for the remaining three with RSDs lower than 10%. For the RP cleanup method, the recoveries for nine of the 12 sulfonamides ranged from 70 to 94% and &lt;60% for the remaining three with RSDs &lt;11.1%. The two cleanup methods can complement each other to complete the simultaneous analysis of the 12 sulfonamides.
Qualitative and Quantitative PCR-Based Detection Methods for Authorized Genetically Modified Cotton Events in India
Authors: Chhabra Rashmi , Randhawa Gurinder Jit , Bhoge Rajesh K , Singh Monika 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Qualitative diagnostics for all five commercialized genetically modified (GM) cotton events for insect resistance in India is being reported for the first time in this paper. The cost-effective and robust multiplex PCR (MPCR)-based detection assay, distinguishing the insect resistant transgenic Bt cotton events, viz., MON531, MON15985, Event 1, GFM-cry1A, and MLS-9124, has been developed. This decaplex PCR assay targets nine transgenic elements, viz., sequences of four transgenes, three transgene constructs, and two event-specific sequences along with one endogenous reference gene. The LOD of the qualitative MPCR assay was up to 0.1%. A quantitative detection method for four widely commercially cultivated GM cotton events, namely, MON531, MON15985, Event 1, and GFM-cry1A, covering 99.5% of the total area under GM cultivation in the country, is also reported. A construct-specific real-time PCR assay has been developed for quantification of these GM cotton events with LOQ &lt;0.05% and LOD &lt;0.025%. The developed assays will be of great use to screen for the presence/absence of authorized GM cotton events in unknown samples and to check the authenticity of GM cotton seed samples.
Matrix Extension Study: Validation of the ANSR®Salmonella Method for Detection of Salmonella spp. in Pasteurized Egg Products
Authors: Foti Debra , Zhang Lei , Biswas Preetha , Mozola Mark , Rice Jennifer 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A matrix extension study was conducted to validate the ANSR®Salmonella method for use with pasteurized egg products. Four diverse egg product types were tested by the ANSR method and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook reference culture procedure. There were no significant differences in the number of positive test portions by the two methods for any of the products examined. Independent laboratory testing of pasteurized liquid egg also found no significant difference in performance between the ANSR and reference culture procedures. There were no false-positive results obtained in either internal or independent laboratory testing. Inclusivity testing using a new enrichment medium specifically designed for use with pasteurized egg products produced 112 positive results out of 113 Salmonella spp. strains tested, with only a single strain of S. Weslaco testing negative by the ANSR assay. Exclusivity testing of 38 non-salmonellae produced all negative ANSR results. It is concluded that ANSR Salmonella is a reliable, sensitive, and specific method for detection of Salmonella spp. in pasteurized egg products.
DNAble® Molecular Detection Kit for Salmonella
Authors: Dutta Vikrant , Guerrette Tom , Davis Alan H , Crowley Erin , Flannery Jonathan , Bastin Benjamin , Bird Patrick , Benzinger M Joseph , Agin James , Goins David 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The DNAble Salmonella detection assay utilizes single overnight culture enrichment, user-friendly sample preparation, and isothermal DNA amplification for Salmonella detection. This report describes studies performed in support of AOAC Research Institute Performance Tested MethodSM certification of the DNAble assay. Selectivity (inclusivity and exclusivity) studies were performed in the sponsor's laboratory. DNAble detected 119 out of 120 Salmonella isolates, representing 100 Salmonella serovars, in the inclusivity study while none of the 35 diverse non-Salmonella strains (32 species) tested was detected in the exclusivity study. Consistency (lot-to-lot and stability), instrument variation, and robustness studies were also conducted by the sponsor. Statistically equivalent assay performance was observed in these studies demonstrating robust assay manufacture and performance despite variation of multiple parameters in these challenges. Matrix studies, performed in an independent laboratory, evaluated DNAble assay performance in dry pet food, on stainless steel surfaces, and poultry environmental drag swab samples. Two sample sizes (25 and 375 g) and two culture volumes (9:1 and 3:1, v/w) were evaluated in separate matrix studies for dry pet food to provide multiple certified testing options for assay users. DNAble assay performance for dry pet food and stainless steel was compared to the procedures described in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 5, Salmonella. Assay performance for drag swabs was compared to protocols dictated in the FDA Environmental Sampling and Detection of Salmonella in Poultry Houses guidelines. Matrix study results demonstrated statistically equivalent DNAble assay performance compared to these reference methods, ensuring that the DNAble assay provides results comparable to those of the reference methods.
The Chemical Profile of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from Selected Greek Endemic Boraginaceae Plants Determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Damianakos Harilaos , Jeziorek Malgorzata , Pietrosiuk Agnieszka , Chinou Ioanna 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Four Greek endemic Boraginaceae plants, Onosma erecta Sibth. & Sm., Onosma kaheirei Teppner, Onosma leptantha Heldr., and Cynoglossum columnae L. (aerial parts), were screened for their content of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). TLC with the Mattocks-Molyneux visualization reagent was used as a preliminary qualitative test for PA or PA N-oxide detection. The extracts of the species found to contain PAs and their N-oxides were further analyzed by GC/MS, so as to identify their structures by means of the mass spectra and retention index values of known PAs already published in the literature. Twenty-three PAs were identified. For additional peaks, recognized as possible PAs by their MS pattern, no exact structures were tentatively suggested, as a result of lack of matching literature data. Furthermore, a quantitative PA profile of the species was obtained.
Fingerprinting of the Volatile Fraction from Selected Thyme Species by Means of Headspace Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Detection
Authors: Staszek Dorota , Orłowska Marta , Rzepa Józef , Wróbel Michał S , Kowalska Teresa , Szymczak Grażyna , Waksmundzka-Hajnos Monika 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Thymus genus has a firm position in Mediterranean folk medicine and culinary tradition, and yet certain confusion is observed in its botanical taxonomy. Therefore, chemical analysis of secondary metabolites and selection of reliable chemotaxonomic markers can prove helpful. In this study, the volatile fraction derived from 20 different thyme specimens was analyzed by means of headspace GC with MS detection. From the obtained chromatographic fingerprints, the diversity of the volatile fraction originating from the different thyme species clearly emerged. Identification of volatile components was based on a software library of mass spectra. There was only one common component derived from all 20 investigated thyme species, i.e., ß-linalool. For three different Thymus species, a comparison was made of the performance of the headspace extraction and hydrodistillation. Characteristic differences in composition of the volatile fraction obtained with use of these two techniques were discussed. Finally, the obtained chromatographic fingerprints of the volatile fraction were analyzed by means of a chemometric approach (principal component analysis), in order to trace similarities in their chemical composition.
Plasmando a história: sofística, retórica do tempo e ficção
Authors: Moreira Veridiano Koeffender 
Published: September 2014

O artigo faz parte de uma investigação sobre o problema do falso e da ficção em história, tópico concernente aos estudos sobre a narrativa na historiografia. Partindo da controvérsia envolvendo a primeira sofística e a filosofia platônico-eleata acerca da referencialidade entre discurso e realidade, analisaremos possíveis analogias entre o logos sofístico e o narrativismo histórico enquanto valorizadores da multiplicidade de discursos. Em seguida, apresentaremos a crítica desferida pela retórica sofística (caracterizada como uma retórica inserida no tempo) ao historicismo. Por fim, avaliaremos a relação entre história e sofística enquanto atividades passíveis de serem plasmadas, i. é, moldadas, em uma operação que é ao mesmo tempo demiúrgica e ficcional.Palavras-chave: História; Historiografia; Sofista; Retórica.
Simultaneous observations of tropospheric turbulence from radiosondes using Thorpe analysis and the VHF MU radar
Authors: Luce H. , Wilson R. , Dalaudier F. , Hashiguchi H. , Nishi N. , Shibagaki Y. , Nakajo T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper deals with the detection and quantification of refractivity turbulence in the troposphere from radiosonde and very high frequency (VHF) band radar data. Balloon data processing methods based on Thorpe sorting and recently developed by Wilson et al. (2010, 2011, and 2013) can be applied for a direct identification of turbulent layers from the in situ profiles. The VHF band mid and upper atmosphere radar (MUR) can be operated in range‐imaging mode for detecting and monitoring turbulent layers at high time and range resolutions (of the order of 10 s and a few tens of meters, respectively). For cross validating the techniques, concurrent MUR and RS92‐SGP Vaisala radiosonde observations were made at the Shigaraki Middle and Upper atmosphere (MU) observatory (34.85°N, 136.15°E; Japan) during a field campaign of 3 weeks in September 2011. The radar signature, in terms of echo power and aspect ratio, of the turbulent layers identified from balloon data analyses is investigated from case studies and statistics. The deep (> ~100 m) layers are very often associated with echo power maxima and weak aspect ratios suggesting that the same events of isotropic turbulence were detected by both instruments. Some others are associated with relative minima of isotropic echo power, possibly indicating a later stage of turbulence. The ranges of strong aspect ratios are generally not associated with turbulent events in the balloon data supporting the hypothesis that anisotropic turbulence is not the cause of vertically enhanced radar echoes. Quantitative comparisons are made between radar echo power and refractive index constant structure estimated from temperature variance and additional parameters in the selected layers. Despite a large scatter between the radar and balloon estimates, the results are statistically significant (correlation coefficients ~0.5–0.88) even when the causes of systematic decrease with height of(humidity and density) are removed. Our studies therefore demonstrate that radar and balloon observations of turbulence are consistent between each other and that new insights on tropospheric turbulence can be obtained by the two techniques as stand‐alone systems.
S wave attenuation structure on the western side of the Nankai subduction zone: Implications for fluid distribution and dynamics
Authors: Takahashi Tsutomu , Obana Koichiro , Yamamoto Yojiro , Nakanishi Ayako , Kodaira Shuichi , Kaneda Yoshiyuki 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe estimated the S wave attenuation structure in southwestern Japan and the western Nankai Trough by analyzing maximum S wave amplitudes at 4–8, 8–16, and 16–32 Hz with a correction term for apparent amplitude attenuation due to multiple forward scattering. Because the estimated attenuation (Q−1) in our tomographic study was much larger than Q−1 due to wide‐angle scattering, our estimated Q−1 was composed mainly of intrinsic attenuation. High‐attenuation areas (Q−1 > 1/300 at 4–8 Hz) were imaged beneath Quaternary volcanoes and south off Shikoku. Low (<1/1500 at 4–8 Hz) or moderate Q−1 (1/500–1/1000 at 4–8 Hz) was imaged beneath Shikoku and nonvolcanic areas of Chugoku. High and moderate Q−1 in and around Shikoku are located near the top of subducting Philippine Sea Plate. This correspondence implies that these high and moderate Q−1 reflect fluid in the subducting slab. By applying a theoretical model of attenuation in water‐saturated porous random media, we examined wave‐induced fluid flow induced by lower frequency (<1 Hz) seismic waves that may be related with triggering of nonvolcanic tremor by surface waves. Even though Q−1 structure in this study cannot fully explain the tremor triggering by wave‐induced fluid flow, large uncertainties of Q−1 in tremor zone suggest that high resolution imaging of Q−1 and random inhomogeneities would give some constraints for the spatial variation of permeability and other medium properties.