bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acellular Dermal Matrix Use in Cleft Palate and Palatal Fistula Repair
Authors: Agir Hakan , Eren Gamze G. , Yasar Emrah K. 
Published: June 2015

Background:
In cleft palate repair, anatomically oriented, tension free, atraumatic total closure is the key to achieve a normal speech consecutive to a sufficient velopharyngeal closure and also to prevent postoperative fistula development. In this clinical study, we review our experience with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) which was used as an adjunct to facilitate difficult cleft palate and palatal fistula closure.

Methods:
From October 2009 till December 2013, primary cleft palate and fistula repairs in which ADM was used were culled from the cleft surgery files. Acellular dermal matrix was used as an extra layer in between palatal flaps of primary repairs and as a sandwiched sheet separating the flaps used to repair fistulas. In addition to patient, cleft and fistula demographics, records were evaluated for sizes, fistula development, fistula recurrence, extrusion, exposure, and infection.

Results:
Acellular dermal matrix was used in 35 patients with palatal clefts of mean size 15 ± 4 mm and in 15 palatal fistulas. Two-flap palatoplasty technique was the dominant technique for the palate repair. Fistula rate for the palate repair was 8.5% and fistula recurrence rate was 20%. Mean follow-up for the palate and fistula repair patients was 29 ± 15 months and 32 ± 11 months, respectively. In two cases of palatoplasty group and in four cases of fistula repair group, ADM was exposed resulting in total extrusion in two fistula cases.

Conclusions:
In this ongoing experience of application, ADM has been shown to be a simple, safe, and helpful tool to reduce fistula rate mainly in relatively wide and high tension tenuous cleft palate repairs but less favorable in challenging fistula closure attempts particularly along with poorly vascularized surrounding tissues. However, study design and its results are yet far from strongly recommending routine ADM use in cleft palate surgery.
Genome Sequencing of Arabidopsis abp1-5 Reveals Second-Site Mutations That May Affect Phenotypes
Authors: Enders Tara A. , Oh Sookyung , Yang Zhenbiao , Montgomery Beronda L. , Strader Lucia C. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Auxin regulates numerous aspects of plant growth and development. For many years, investigating roles for AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN1 (ABP1) in auxin response was impeded by the reported embryo lethality of mutants defective in ABP1. However, identification of a viable Arabidopsis thaliana TILLING mutant defective in the ABP1 auxin binding pocket (abp1-5) allowed inroads into understanding ABP1 function. During our own studies with abp1-5, we observed growth phenotypes segregating independently of the ABP1 lesion, leading us to sequence the genome of the abp1-5 line described previously. We found that the abp1-5 line we sequenced contains over 8000 single nucleotide polymorphisms in addition to the ABP1 mutation and that at least some of these mutations may originate from the Arabidopsis Wassilewskija accession. Furthermore, a phyB null allele in the abp1-5 background is likely causative for the long hypocotyl phenotype previously attributed to disrupted ABP1 function. Our findings complicate the interpretation of abp1-5 phenotypes for which no complementation test was conducted. Our findings on abp1-5 also provide a cautionary tale illustrating the need to use multiple alleles or complementation lines when attributing roles to a gene product.
Adalimumab markedly improves enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis: Evaluation with a magnetic resonance imaging scoring system
Authors: Yanaba Koichi , Sadaoka Akari , Yonenaga Takenori , Saeki Hidehisa , Umezawa Yoshinori , Tojo Shinjiro , Ito Toshihiro , Kikuchi Sota , Fukuda Kunihiko , Nakagawa Hidemi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPsoriatic arthritis (PsA), a seronegative arthropathy, may often result in progressive joint damage without treatment, leading to disability and impaired quality of life. Early therapeutic intervention of PsA is therefore crucial before the development of irreversible joint damage. Because psoriatic skin lesions generally precede the onset of PsA, dermatologists occupy an important position in treating patients with early PsA. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adalimumab in treating joint disease in patients with PsA, using the PsA magnetic resonance imaging scoring system (PsAMRIS). Five adult Japanese male patients with active PsA were treated with adalimumab. Magnetic resonance imaging was obtained at baseline and 8–32 weeks with 2–3 time points following adalimumab treatment and assessed using PsAMRIS. Adalimumab treatment markedly improved clinical symptoms and disease activities of joint disease, which was confirmed by the reduction of PsAMRIS scores in all patients. Bone marrow edema and periarticular inflammation, reflecting the presence of enthesitis, were dramatically improved at week 8, while improvement of synovitis and flexor tenosynovitis was observed later, at week 24 or 32. However, bone erosion was not improved by adalimumab treatment during the follow‐up period. These results indicate that adalimumab treatment is associated with dramatic improvement of enthesitis in patients with PsA, whereas bone erosion may be resistant to such treatment. PsAMRIS appears to be useful for the evaluation of treatment efficacy in PsA.
An integrated assessment model of seabird population dynamics: can individual heterogeneity in susceptibility to fishing explain abundance trends in Crozet wandering albatross?
Authors: Tuck Geoffrey N. , Thomson Robin B. , Barbraud Christophe , Delord Karine , Louzao Maite , Herrera Miguel , Weimerskirch Henri 
Published: June 2015

SummarySeabirds have been incidentally caught in distant‐water longline fleets operating in the Southern Ocean since at least the 1970s, and breeding numbers for some populations have shown marked trends of decline and recovery concomitant with longline fishing effort within their distributions. However, lacking is an understanding of how forms of among‐individual heterogeneity may interact with fisheries bycatch and influence population dynamics.We develop a model that uses comprehensive data on the spatial and temporal distributions of fishing effort and seabird foraging to estimate temporal overlaps, fishery catchability and consequent bycatch. We apply a population model that is structured by age, sex, life stage and spatially to Crozet Island wandering albatross and explore how heterogeneity in susceptibility to capture may have influenced the population's demography over time.A model where some birds were assumed to be more susceptible to fisheries bycatch was able to successfully replicate the observed trend in breeding pairs. Considerably poorer fits were found without this assumption. Results suggested that the more susceptible birds may have been removed from the population by the 1990s.The model was also able to highlight areas, times and fleets prone to increased bycatch. Knowledge of these factors should assist fisheries and conservation management bodies to quantify and reduce seabird bycatch through spatial management and fleet‐specific mitigation efforts.Synthesis and application. Many seabirds show complex life histories that make them highly susceptible to additional incidental mortality from fishing vessels. By applying a population model that integrates key aspects of seabird and fishery dynamics, we were able to explain the observed trends in the breeding population of Crozet wandering albatross and identify key areas and fleets where further mitigation may be required. In addition, the potential removal of a category of birds that shows increased susceptibility to capture has important implications for the conservation management of this population and other iconic species incidentally caught by large‐scale commercial fisheries.
Shining trinkets and unkempt gardens: on the materiality of care
Authors: van Hout Annemarie , Pols Jeannette , Willems Dick 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe increasing use of telecare will profoundly change nursing care. How to understand these changes is, however, far from clear. This is because (i) studies on telecare seldom consider the situation it replaces, and (ii) current concepts and methods used to study the impact of telecare may not allow us to fully grasp these changes. We suggest that an analysis of the changing materiality of care practices is a suitable way to articulate and reflect on possible concerns. It allows us to compare care practices in the same terms before and after telecare has been introduced. To demonstrate this, we study the materiality of the classical care setting, the nursing house call, to map the situation before telecare is introduced. Building on science and technology studies, we apply four categories as heuristics to analyse materiality in care: signs, dis/enablers (or scripted things), tools and practical arrangements. We leave open the question of how material arrangements could or should be matters of concern in nursing care, and instead argue for studies that give insights into the everyday tinkering with the materiality of care that both nurses and patients need to engage in.
Off‐label and unlicenced medicine administration to paediatric emergency department patients
Authors: McD Taylor David , Joffe Paul , Taylor Simone E , Jones Alicia , Cheek John A , Craig Simon S , Graudins Andis , Dhir Reetika , Krieser David , Babl Franz E 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and nature of off‐label and unlicenced (off‐label/unlicenced) medicine administration to paediatric ED patients.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective, observational study in six EDs (July 2011 to June 2012, inclusive). Patients, aged 0–17 years, who were administered a medicine in the ED were included. At each site, 50 eligible patients were randomly selected each month of the study period. An explicit review of each patient's records was undertaken. Medicines were classified as on or off‐label/unlicenced according to categories of use approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration.ResultsThere were 3343 patients enrolled (56.5% men, mean ± SD age 6.7 ± 5.4 years). Of the 6786 medicine doses administered, 2072 (30.5%, 95% CI 29.4–31.7%) were off‐label/unlicenced. The off‐label/unlicenced doses were administered to 1213 (36.3%, 95% CI 34.7–37.9%) patients. Patients administered an off‐label/unlicenced medicine were younger than those who were not (P < 0.01). Salbutamol, ondansetron, ipratropium, fentanyl and oxycodone were the medicines most commonly administered off‐label. In 910 (44.0%) cases, the dose/frequency was not approved; in 592 (28.6%), there was an unapproved indication for treatment; in 158 (7.6%), the medicine was administered via an unapproved route; in 154 (7.4%) the medicine was not approved for the weight or age; and in 74 (3.5%) an unlicenced product was administered. The remaining cases had combinations of reasons.ConclusionsOff‐label/unlicenced medicine administration is common. A registry of commonly used off‐label medicines is recommended in which the safety and efficacy of their off‐label use have been demonstrated by published evidence.
Metaphor and the Anthropocene: Presenting Humans as a Geological Force
Authors: RICKARDS LAUREN A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntellectually as well as materially, the Anthropocene is a deeply cultural phenomenon. This includes its communicative form, which is a contested trope‐rich narrative, even within the sciences. In this essay I focus on the role of metaphor in Anthropocene thought and in particular, on the provocative, ambiguous, and potentially far‐reaching idea of humans as a geological force. By considering the different interpretations and meaning this metaphor encourages – including differences in what is meant by geological and force, both within and beyond stratigraphy and Earth System Science – we gain a stronger sense of the deeply allegorical and theological character of the Anthropocene story and the way it promises to reposition humans in the world.
Dietary risk scores of toddlers are associated with nutrient intakes and socio‐demographic factors, but not weight status
Authors: Bell Lucinda K. , Golley Rebecca K. , Magarey Anthea M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo determine the convergent validity of the toddler dietary questionnaire (TDQ), previously shown to have good reliability and comparative validity, by assessing whetherTDQ‐derived dietary risk scores are associated with nutrient intakes, socio‐demographic characteristics and weight status.MethodsParents of 117Australian children aged 12–36 months completed a demographic questionnaire and the 19‐itemTDQthat assesses intake over the last 7 days of ‘core’ and ‘non‐core’ food‐groups, which is scored against a dietary risk criteria (0–100; higher score = higher risk). Nutrient intakes were established by applyingTDQfood‐group nutrient profiles to the amount consumed per week and tallying for all items. Energy and energy‐adjusted nutrient intakes across quartiles (Q1–Q4) of dietary risk scores were investigated using linear trend analysis for parametric data. Regression analysis was employed to determine the association between risk score, socio‐demographic characteristics and toddler body mass index (BMI) z‐score.ResultsToddler risk scores (Q1 20.0 ± 2.7vs Q4 41.6 ± 5.6) were positively associated with energy, total fat, saturated fat, sugar and sodium intakes and negatively associated with protein, fibre, iron, magnesium and phosphorus intakes. Higher risk scores were associated with higher number of people per household (n = 115; β = 2.26 [0.13, 4.38],P= 0.037) and toddler age (n = 115, β = 4.03 [1.10, 6.96],P= 0.008) but notBMIz‐scores (n = 114; β = −0.00 [−0.04, 0.03],P= 0.845).ConclusionsDietary risk scores are associated with selected nutrient intakes and socio‐demographic characteristics in expected directions, but notBMIz‐scores, providing support for use of theTDQas a dietary screening tool. Longitudinal investigation of the influence of dietary risk on weight status is warranted.
Comprehensive sampling of an isolated dune system demonstrates clear patterns in soil fungal communities across a successional gradient
Authors: Roy‐Bolduc Alice , Bell Terrence H. , Boudreau Stéphane , Hijri Mohamed 
Published: June 2015

SummaryCoastal sand dunes are extremely dynamic ecosystems, characterized by stark ecological succession gradients. Dune stabilization is mainly attributed to plant growth, but the establishment and survival of dune‐inhabiting vegetation is closely linked to soil microorganisms and to the ecological functions they fulfill. Fungi are particularly important in this context, as some interact intimately with plant roots, while others are critical to soil structure and nutrient availability.Our study aimed to describe wholly fungal diversity and community composition in a secluded coastal dune ecosystem at eight different stages of succession. We comprehensively sampled a relic foredune plain, which is part of an archipelago in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence (Québec, Canada), by collecting soils from 80 sites and measuring soil characteristics. Soil fungal communities were characterized by pyrosequencing, followed by taxonomic classification and assignment of putative roles. Even though we did not observe clear patterns in diversity, we were able to detect distinct taxonomic and community composition signatures across succession stages, which seemed to translate into variations in fungal life strategies. Our results show that a taxonomically and functionally diverse fungal community exists at each dune succession stage, even in the barren foredunes.
Wild bird‐associated Campylobacter jejuni isolates are a consistent source of human disease, in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
Authors: Cody Alison J. , McCarthy Noel D. , Bray James E. , Wimalarathna Helen M. L. , Colles Frances M. , Jansen van Rensburg Melissa J. , Dingle Kate E. , Waldenström Jonas , Maiden Martin C. J. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe contribution of wild birds as a source of human campylobacteriosis was investigated in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (UK) over a 10 year period. The probable origin of human Campylobacter jejuni genotypes, as described by multilocus sequence typing, was estimated by comparison with reference populations of isolates from farm animals and five wild bird families, using the STRUCTURE algorithm. Wild bird‐attributed isolates accounted for between 476 (2.1%) and 543 (3.5%) cases annually. This proportion did not vary significantly by study year (P = 0.934) but varied seasonally, with wild bird‐attributed genotypes comprising a greater proportion of isolates during warmer compared with cooler months (P = 0.003). The highest proportion of wild bird‐attributed illness occurred in August (P < 0.001), with a significantly lower proportion in November (P = 0.018). Among genotypes attributed to specific groups of wild birds, seasonality was most apparent for Turdidae‐attributed isolates, which were absent during cooler, winter months. This study is consistent with some wild bird species representing a persistent source of campylobacteriosis, and contributing a distinctive seasonal pattern to disease burden. If Oxfordshire is representative of the UK as a whole in this respect, these data suggest that the national burden of wild bird‐attributed isolates could be in the order of 10 000 annually.
Inferring the evolutionary history of outcrossing populations through computing a multiallelic linkage–linkage disequilibrium map
Authors: Zhu Xuli , Xu Fang , Zhao Shu , Bo Wenhao , Jiang Libo , Pang Xiaoming , Wu Rongling 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Linkage disequilibrium (LD), the non‐random association of alleles at different loci, has been used as an important parameter to study the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of natural populations. A joint analysis of LD with the linkage of the same marker pair has proven to gain more insight into the genetic signature of population diversification than LD analysis alone.

We develop a unifying framework for simultaneously estimating the linkage and LD across pairs of multiallelic markers. The framework has particular power to construct the LD map from any markers with an arbitrary number of alleles per locus. We provide an efficient strategy to manipulate disequilibrium parameters whose number increases exponentially with the number of alleles.

The model was tested through extensive simulation studies and validated by analysing a real marker data set from a population genetic research project of euphrates poplar, a desert tree, distributed in the north‐western China. For widespread undomesticated natural populations, compared with biallelic markers, multiallelic markers with a high level of polymorphism are more powerful to study their genetic structure and organization of an outcrossing population.

The model developed will potentially have an immediate implication for population and evolutionary genetic studies.
Auditory function following post‐dural puncture headache treated with epidural blood patch. A long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Darvish B. , Dahlgren G. , Irestedt L. , Magnuson A. , Möller C. , Gupta A. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundEpidural analgesia is commonly used for pain management during labor. Sometimes, accidental dural puncture (ADP) occurs causing severely debilitating headache, which may be associated with transient hearing loss. We investigated if auditory function may be impaired several years after ADP treated with epidural blood patch (EBP).MethodsSixty women (ADP group) without documented hearing disability, who received EBP following ADP during labor between the years 2005–2011 were investigated in 2013 for auditory function using the following tests: otoscopic examination, tympanometry, pure tone audiometry, and transient‐evoked otoacoustic emissions. Additionally, they responded to a questionnaire, the Speech, Spatial and Qualities (SSQ) of hearing, concerning perceived hearing impairment. The results were compared to a control group of 20 healthy, non‐pregnant women in the same age group.ResultsThe audiometric test battery was performed 5.2 (1.9) years after delivery. No significant differences were found between the ADP and the control groups in tympanometry or otoacoustic emissions. Pure tone audiometry revealed a significant but small (< 5 dB) difference between the ADP and control groups (P < 0.05). The ability to hear speech in noise as measured by SSQ was significantly reduced in the ADP group compared to the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsA minor hearing loss was detected in the ADP group compared to the control group in pure tone audiometry in some women and during speech‐in‐noise component several years after accidental dural puncture treated with an epidural blood patch. This small residual hearing loss has minor clinical significance.
Whole blood glutathione status and ICU morbidity in critically ill children
Authors: Fläring U. , Ekmark L. , Wernerman J. , Rooyackers O. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundA high reduced glutathione ratio is associated with high mortality in adult ICU patients. Whole blood glutathione status in critically ill children is less well characterized. In this study, whole blood glutathione status in pediatric intensive care (PICU) patients was determined and the relation between the redox status of whole blood glutathione and morbidity was investigated.MethodsA prospective consecutive cohort of critically ill children (n = 146) admitted to the PICU of a tertiary university hospital, and a reference group of healthy children (n = 60) and healthy adults (n = 10) were included in the study. The concentrations of total and reduced whole blood were determined at admission and patient characteristics were recorded.ResultsA high fraction of reduced glutathione in the glutathione redox status was associated with longer dependency of mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the PICU (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03 respectively). In patients with a prolonged stay in the PICU (> 5 days), a more reduced state of glutathione was seen in patients who had more than two organ failures as compared to patients with one or two failing organs (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05), respectively. A positive correlation was also seen between numbers of organ failures and redox status of glutathione (r = 0.45, P < 0.001).ConclusionA high reduced glutathione ratio was associated with longer PICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and multiple organ failure.
Registration of randomized clinical trials – a challenge
Authors: Østervig R. M. , Sonne A. , Rasmussen L. S. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundRegistration of interventional studies is necessary according to the Declaration of Helsinki but implementation has been a challenge for many journals. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica (Acta) requires registration for studies conducted after January 1st 2010. We aimed to assess the proportion of correctly registered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in Acta from 2009 to 2014.MethodsWe manually searched all Acta issues from 2009 to 2014 for RCTs. Information about timing of data collection and registration in trial registries was extracted. We classified RCTs as correctly registered when it could be verified that patient enrolment was started after registration in a trial registry.ResultsWe identified 200 RCTs. Dates for patient enrolment were not specified in 51 (25.5%). The proportion of correctly registered trials increased significantly from 17.1% (19/111) for trials starting enrolment before 2010 to 63.2% after 2010 (24/38, P < 0.01). Most clinical trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov.ConclusionMany published randomized controlled trials from Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica were not adequately registered but the requirement of trial registration has resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of correctly registered trials.