bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose‐dependent effect of androgen deprivation therapy for localized prostate cancer on adverse cardiac events
Authors: Schmid Marianne , Sammon Jesse D. , Reznor Gally , Kapoor Victor , Speed Jacqueline M. , Abdollah Firas A. , Sood Akshay , Chun Felix K.‐H. , Kibel Adam S. , Menon Mani , Fisch Margit , Sun Maxine , Trinh Quoc‐Dien 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the dose‐dependent effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on adverse cardiac events in elderly men with non‐metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) stratified according to life expectancy.Patients and MethodsA total of 50 384 men diagnosed with localized PCa between 1992 and 2007 were identified within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry areas. We compared those who received ADT within 2 years of PCa diagnosis with those who did not, calculated as monthly equivalent doses of GnRH agonists (<8, ≥8 doses), or orchiectomy. Men were further stratified according to life expectancy (<5 years, 5–10 years and >10 years). Adjusted Cox hazard models assessed the risk of new‐onset coronary heart disease (CHD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), sudden cardiac death (SCD) and cardiac‐related interventions, as well as any of these events.ResultsOverall, patients receiving GnRH agonists were more likely to experience a cardiac event, with the most pronounced effect among those receiving ≥8 doses (hazard ratio [HR] <8 doses: 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.16, and HR ≥8 doses: 1.18, 95% CI 1.14–1.22; both P < 0.001). The effect of prolonged (≥8 doses) GnRH agonist use on cardiac events was sustained across all strata of life expectancy; however, there was no effect among men with a life expectancy of <5 years and when use of GnRH agonists was limited to <8 doses (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.67–1.46; P = 0.964). The use of GnRH agonists was associated with a higher risk of CHD (HR <8 doses: 1.13, 95% CI 1.09–1.17 and HR ≥8 doses: 1.17, 95% CI 1.13–1.21; both P < 0.001). Conversely, the use of GnRH was generally not associated with an increased risk of AMI or SCD, except for men who received ≥8 doses of GnRH agonists and had a life expectancy of ≥5 years, who were at a significantly higher risk of SCD (HR for life expectancy 5–10 years: 1.19, 95% CI 1.06–1.33; P = 0.003 and HR for life expectancy >10 years: 1.16, 95% CI 1.04–1.29; P = 0.006). Finally, orchiectomy was not associated with overall cardiac events, AMI or SCD, and was protective with regard to cardiac‐related interventions (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.68–0.90, P = 0.001).ConclusionExposure to ADT with GnRH agonists is associated with an increased risk of cardiac events in elderly men with localized PCa and a decent life expectancy. Clinicians should carefully weigh the risks and benefits of ADT in patients with a prolonged life expectancy. Routine screening and lifestyle interventions are warranted in at‐risk subpopulations treated with ADT.
Assessing the impact of mass media public health campaigns. Be Clear on Cancer ‘blood in pee’: a case in point
Authors: Hughes‐Hallett Archie , Browne Daisy , Mensah Elsie , Vale Justin , Mayer Erik 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo assess the impact on suspected cancer referral burden and new cancer diagnosis of Public Health England's recent Be Clear on Cancer ‘blood in pee’ mass media campaign.MethodsA retrospective cohort study design was used. For two distinct time periods, August 2012 to May 2013 and August 2013 to May 2014, all referrals of patients deemed to be at risk of urological cancer by the referring primary healthcare physician to Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust were screened. Data were collected on age and sex and whether the referral was for visible haematuria, non‐visible haematuria or other suspected urological cancer. In addition to referral data, hospital episode data for all new renal cell (RCC) and upper and lower tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), as well as testicular and prostate cancer diagnoses for the same time periods were obtained.ResultsOver the campaign period and the subsequent 3 months, the number of haematuria referrals increased by 92% (P = 0.013) when compared with the same period a year earlier. This increase in referrals was not associated with a significant corresponding rise in cancer diagnosis; instead changes of 26.8% (P = 0.56) and −3.3% (P = 0.84) were seen in RCC and TCC, respectively.ConclusionsThis study has shown that the Be Clear on Cancer ‘blood in pee’ mass media campaign significantly increased the number of new suspected cancer referrals, but there was no significant change in the diagnosis of target cancers across a large catchment. Mass media campaigns are expensive, require significant planning and appropriate implementation and, while the findings of this study do not challenge their fundamental objective, more work needs to be done to understand why no significant change in target cancers was observed. Further consideration should also be given to the increased referral burden that results from these campaigns, such that pre‐emptive strategies, including educational and process mapping, across primary and secondary care can be implemented.
Guided bone regeneration of peri‐implant defects with particulated and block xenogenic bone substitutes
Authors: Benic Goran I. , Thoma Daniel S. , Muñoz Fernando , Sanz Martin Ignacio , Jung Ronald E. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo test whether an equine bone substitute block used for guided bone regeneration (GBR) of peri‐implant defects renders different results from bovine block or particulated bone substitutes regarding the dimensions of the augmented ridge and the amount of new bone.Material and methodsMandibular premolars and molars were extracted in eight dogs. After 4 months, four semi‐saddle bone defects were created in each mandible and one titanium implant was inserted into every site. Bone augmentation by GBR was attempted using the following randomly assigned modalities: (i) particulated deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) + a collagen membrane (CM), (ii) block DBBM + CM, (iii) equine bone substitute block + CM, and (iv) empty controls. After 4 months, one central and two lateral sections of each site were prepared. Descriptive histological and histomorphometrical assessments were performed evaluating the augmented area (AA) within the former bone defect, the area of mineralized tissue (MT), non‐mineralized tissue (NMT), and residual bone substitute (BS) within AA, the horizontal thicknesses of the augmented region (HTaugm) and of the mucosa (HTmucosa).ResultsAt the central sections, AA measured 11.2 ± 3.3 mm2 for the equine block, 9.5 ± 2.6 mm2 for DBBM block, 7.9 ± 4.8 mm2 for particulated DBBM, and 2.4 ± 2.1 mm2 for the empty control. All GBR groups rendered significantly higher values of AA in comparison with control (P ≤ 0.05). The differences in AA between GBR groups did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). The equine block rendered the highest values in HTaugm, although only the differences between equine block and control as well as equine block and DBBM block were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). With respect to HTmucosa, all GBR groups reached significantly higher values compared to control (P ≤ 0.05). The equine block revealed the most pronounced signs of graft degradation.ConclusionsGuided bone regeneration lead to higher ridge dimensions and thicker covering mucosa than empty controls. The equine block with CM resulted in the most favorable outcomes regarding the maintenance of ridge contour. There were no significant differences regarding amount of new bone between GBR treatments.
The effect of zirconia or titanium as abutment material on soft peri‐implant tissues: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Linkevicius Tomas , Vaitelis Julius 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThe objective of this review was to analyze research with regard to the effect of zirconia or titanium as abutment material on soft peri‐implant tissues.MethodsClinical studies were selected via electronic and hand searches in English language journals until December 1, 2014. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and prospective controlled clinical trials (CCTs) showing direct comparison between zirconia (Zr) and titanium (Ti) abutments in the same patient were considered. The outcome measures were (1) soft tissue color, (2) soft tissue recession, (3) peri‐implant probing, (4) bleeding on probing, (5) esthetic indexes, (6) patient‐reported outcome, (7) marginal bone level, and (8) biological complications.ResultsNine relevant studies (11 papers) were identified: 4 RCTs and 5 CCTs. Due to heterogeneity in the study design, statistical methods, and reported results, a meta‐analysis of the data was feasible only for soft tissue color. The outcome was found to be significantly superior for Zr abutments. For the other outcome measures, a qualitative analysis of the selected articles was performed. The studies did not show any statistically significant differences between Zr and Ti abutments on soft tissue recession, probing depths, bleeding on probing, marginal bone level, and patient‐reported outcome. One study reported significantly higher pink esthetic score (PES) scores at Zr implants with Zr abutments, compared to metal implants and Ti abutments.ConclusionOverall, the research does not support any obvious advantage of Ti or Zr abutments over each other. However, there is a significant tendency in Zr abutments evoking better color response of peri‐implant mucosa and superior esthetic outcome measured by PES score.
The Bonebridge Bone Conduction Hearing Implant: indication criteria, surgery and a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Sprinzl G.M. , Wolf‐Magele A. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundHearing aids and implants employing bone conduction (BC) stimulation have a long tradition in the treatment of conductive or mixed hearing loss, with their indications being extended in the 2000s to include single‐sided deafness (SSD). Existing percutaneous bone conduction implants (BCI) provide significant audiological gain but are associated with a high rate of complications. This has led to the development of passive transcutaneous BCIs; however, audiological benefit may be compromised. An active transcutaneous BCI, the Bonebridge, was recently introduced and first implanted in 2011 as part of a clinical trial.Objective of reviewTo introduce and assess the safety and effectiveness of the Bonebridge for individuals with conductive or mixed hearing loss, and SSD.Type of reviewSystematic review.Search strategyThe Cochrane Library, PubMed and OVIDSP (MEDLINE) and EMBASE were searched to identify papers on the Bonebridge published as of June 2014. No exclusion criteria were set on publication language, study design or reported outcomes. The literature found was supplemented by presentations from relevant conferences.Evaluation methodStudy selection, data extraction and study quality assessment were carried out by a single reviewer with any uncertainties resolved with consulting a second reviewer. Studies were synthesised narratively and results were tabulated.ResultsA total of 29 studies, 17 published and 12 presentations, were identified. The highest quality evidence was from three single‐arm trials. In those assessing the safety of implantation, 6 of 117 patients experienced a minor adverse event with superficial revision surgery being required in one case. Studies demonstrated improved hearing thresholds and speech recognition with the Bonebridge when compared to no aiding in adults and children with either type of hearing loss. This was reflected in high device satisfaction rates. Data collected in the second year of device use further suggest the benefit to remain constant.ConclusionThe transcutaneous BCI system Bonebridge provides a valuable and stable audiological benefit to patients suffering from conductive or mixed hearing loss and SSD. With its active transcutaneous design, the Bonebridge offers a lower complication rate to percutaneous systems and higher and more reliable hearing gain compared to other transcutaneous or percutaneous systems. Moreover, the fast activation of the implant system enables the recipient of the system to benefit in a short time frame postoperatively from the intervention.
Small on the left, large on the right: numbers orient visual attention onto space in preverbal infants
Authors: Bulf Hermann , de Hevia Maria Dolores , Macchi Cassia Viola 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNumbers are represented as ordered magnitudes along a spatially oriented number line. While culture and formal education modulate the direction of this number–space mapping, it is a matter of debate whether its emergence is entirely driven by cultural experience. By registering 8–9‐month‐old infants’ eye movements, this study shows that numerical cues are critical in orienting infants’ visual attention towards a peripheral region of space that is congruent with the number's relative position on a left‐to‐right oriented representational continuum. This finding provides the first direct evidence that, in humans, the association between numbers and oriented spatial codes occurs before the acquisition of symbols or exposure to formal education, suggesting that the number line is not merely a product of human invention.
Electrophysiological correlates of observational learning in children
Authors: Rodriguez Buritica Julia M. , Eppinger Ben , Schuck Nicolas W. , Heekeren Hauke R. , Li Shu‐Chen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObservational learning is an important mechanism for cognitive and social development. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying observational learning in children are not well understood. In this study, we used a probabilistic reward‐based observational learning paradigm to compare behavioral and electrophysiological markers of individual and observational reinforcement learning in 8‐ to 10‐year‐old children. Specifically, we manipulated the amount of observable information as well as children's similarity in age to the observed person (same‐aged child vs. adult) to examine the effects of similarity in age on the integration of observed information in children. We show that the feedback‐related negativity (FRN) during individual reinforcement learning reflects the valence of outcomes of own actions. Furthermore, we found that the feedback‐related negativity during observational reinforcement learning (oFRN) showed a similar distinction between outcome valences of observed actions. This suggests that the oFRN can serve as a measure of observational learning in middle childhood. Moreover, during observational learning children profited from the additional social information and imitated the choices of their own peers more than those of adults, indicating that children have a tendency to conform more with similar others (e.g. their own peers) compared to dissimilar others (adults). Taken together, our results show that children can benefit from integrating observable information and that oFRN may serve as a measure of observational learning in children.
Child‐directed teaching and social learning at 18 months of age: evidence from Yucatec Mayan andUSinfants
Authors: Shneidman Laura , Gaskins Suzanne , Woodward Amanda 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn several previous studies, 18‐month‐old infants who were directly addressed demonstrated more robust imitative behaviors than infants who simply observed another's actions, leading theorists to suggest that child‐directed interactions carried unique informational value. However, these data came exclusively from cultural communities where direct teaching is commonplace, raising the possibility that the findings reflect regularities in infants' social experiences rather than responses to innate or a priori learning mechanisms. The current studies consider infants' imitative learning from child‐directed teaching and observed interaction in two cultural communities, a Yucatec Mayan village where infants have been described as experiencing relatively limited direct instruction (Study 1) and aUScity where infants are regularly directly engaged (Study 2). Eighteen‐month‐old infants from each community participated in a within‐subjects study design where they were directly taught to use novel objects on one day and observed actors using different objects on another day. Mayan infants showed relative increases in imitative behaviors on their second visit to the lab as compared to their first visit, but there was no effect of condition.USinfants showed no difference in imitative behavior in the child‐directed vs. observed conditions; however, infants who were directly addressed on their first visit showed significantly higher overall imitation rates than infants who observed on their first visit. Together, these findings call into question the idea that child‐directed teaching holds automatic or universal informational value.
Successful treatment of mast cell activation syndrome with sunitinib
Authors: Afrin Lawrence B. , Cichocki Frank M. , Patel Kamal , Molderings Gerhard J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMast cell (MC) activation syndrome (MCAS) is a recently recognized, likely prevalent collection of heterogeneous illnesses of inappropriate MC activation with little to no MC neoplasia likely driven by heterogeneous patterns of constitutively activating mutations in MC regulatory elements including various tyrosine kinases (TKs, dominantly KIT). MCAS typically presents as chronic multisystem polymorbidity of generally inflammatory ± allergic theme. As with indolent systemic mastocytosis (SM), treatment of MCAS focuses more against MC mediators than MC neoplasia, but some cases prove refractory even to the TK inhibitor (TKI) imatinib reported useful both in uncommon SM cases not bearing SM's usual imatinib‐resistant KIT‐D816V mutation and in some cases of MCAS (which rarely bears KIT‐D816V). Most allergy is principally a MC activation phenomenon and sunitinib is a multitargeted TKI shown helpful in controlling a murine model of oral allergy syndrome. We present the first report of use of sunitinib in life‐threatening MCAS refractory to multiple agents including imatinib achieving immediate, complete, sustained, non‐toxic remission suggesting a new option for treatment of aggressive MC disease.
G6PD deficiency and absence of α‐thalassemia increase the risk for cerebral vasculopathy in children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Joly Philippe , Garnier Nathalie , Kebaili Kamila , Renoux Céline , Dony Arthur , Cheikh Nathalie , Renard Cécile , Ceraulo Antony , Cuzzubbo Daniela , Pondarré Corinne , Martin Cyril , Pialoux Vincent , Francina Alain , Bertrand Yves , Connes Philippe 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the association between hematological/genetic factors and cerebral vasculopathy in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA). A group with cerebral vasculopathy (VASC) was composed of children who had stroke (n = 6), silent infarct (n = 11), or an abnormal transcranial Doppler (n = 5). Eighty‐four patients had neither positive history of stroke or silent infarct, nor abnormal transcranial Doppler (NORM group). An intermediate group (COND; n = 15) was composed of SCA children with a conditional transcranial Doppler. Biological analyses were performed on samples obtained at steady state and before the beginning of any chronic treatment. The comparisons of the three groups demonstrated a protective effect of α‐thalassemia against cerebral vasculopathy through its effects on hemoglobin and reticulocyte levels. Moreover, we observed higher frequency of G6PD deficiency in the VASC group compared with the other groups. Our study confirms the key role of α‐thalassemia and G6PD status in the pathophysiology of cerebral vasculopathy in SCA children.
Ubiquitin: a potential cerebrospinal fluid progression marker in Huntington's disease
Authors: Vinther‐Jensen T. , Simonsen A. H. , Budtz‐Jørgensen E. , Hjermind L. E. , Nielsen J. E. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundFinding early and dynamic biomarkers in Huntington's disease is a key to understanding the early pathology of Huntington's disease and potentially to tracking disease progression. This would benefit the future evaluation of potential neuroprotective and disease‐modifying therapies, as well as aid in identifying an optimal time point for initiating a potential therapeutic intervention.MethodsThis explorative proteomics study evaluated cerebrospinal fluid from 94 Huntington's disease gene‐expansion carriers (39 premanifest and 55 manifest) and 27 Huntington's disease gene‐expansion negative individuals using surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (SELDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry. Differences in peak intensity from SELDI‐TOF spectra were evaluated.ResultsLevels of 10 peaks were statistically significantly different between manifest gene‐expansion carriers and controls. One of them identified as ubiquitin was shown to be dependent on the Unified Huntington Disease Rating Scale Total Functional Capacity, a pseudo‐measure of disease severity (P = 0.001), and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (0.04) in manifest and CAG−age product score (P = 0.019) in all gene‐expansion carriers.Conclusions and relevanceMultiple studies have shown that the ubiquitin‐proteasome system is involved in Huntington's disease pathogenesis and understanding of this involvement may have therapeutic potential in humans. This is the first study on cerebrospinal fluid to confirm the involvement of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system in Huntington's disease. Furthermore it is shown that ubiquitin increases with disease progression and CAG−age product score and therefore may have the potential as a Huntington's disease progression marker, also prior to motor onset.
Motor complications in an incident Parkinson's disease cohort
Authors: Scott N. W. , Macleod A. D. , Counsell C. E. 
Published: June 2015

Background and purposeLevodopa treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) causes motor fluctuations and dyskinesias, but few data describe their development or severity in unselected incident cohorts.MethodsDemographic, clinical, treatment, smoking, caffeine and alcohol data from 183 people with PD were gathered from the Parkinsonism Incidence in Northeast Scotland (PINE) study, a community‐based, incident cohort. With Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression modelling the development, and severity, of dyskinesias and motor fluctuations and which factors independently influenced their onset were assessed.ResultsAfter a mean follow‐up of 59 months, 39 patients (21.3%) developed motor fluctuations and 52 (28.4%) developed dyskinesias. Kaplan–Meier estimates of the probability of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias after 5 years of dopaminergic treatment were 29.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 21.5%–38.8%] and 37.0% (95% CI 28.5%–47.1%) respectively. 19.8% developed motor fluctuations requiring treatment changes but only 4.0% (95% CI 1.5%–10.4%) developed dyskinesias requiring treatment changes by 5 years. Cumulative levodopa dose [hazard ratio (HR) 1.38 (95% CI 1.19–1.60)], female sex [HR 2.41 (1.19–4.89)] and younger age at diagnosis [HR 1.08 (1.04–1.11)] were independently associated with development of motor fluctuations. Cumulative levodopa dose [HR 1.23 (1.08–1.40)] and female sex [HR 2.51 (1.40–4.51)] were independently associated with dyskinesias. In exploratory analyses, moderate caffeine exposure was associated with fewer motor fluctuations, longer symptom duration with more dyskinesias, and tremor at diagnosis with higher rates of both complications.ConclusionsIn this community‐based incident PD cohort, severe dyskinesias were rare. Cumulative levodopa dose was the strongest predictor of both dyskinesias and motor fluctuations.