bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photoluminescent Properties of New Aza‐Indenofluorene Derivatives.
Authors: Jung Su Jin , Kim Won Sam , Park Byung Sun , Lee Jae Kyun , Park Jung Hwan , Choi Kihang , Lee So Ha 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSeveral new carbazole derivatives (VII), (IX) are synthesized via Suzuki coupling of boronic acid (I) with 1‐bromo‐2‐nitrobenzene (II), followed by the Cadogan ring closure reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis and Estrogenic Activity of Arylpyrrole‐Based Bisphenol Derivatives.
Authors: Ohta Kiminori , Taguchi Fumi , Endo Yasuyuki 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDerivatives (V) and (VI) bond weakly to ERα and exhibit estrogenic activity in MCF‐7 cell proliferation assay.
Hydrodynamics of High Pressure Bubble Columns
Authors: Rollbusch Philipp , Tuinier Martin , Becker Marc , Ludwig Martina , Grünewald Marcus , Franke Robert 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDie Hydrodynamik einer Blasensäule beeinflusst Größen wie Umsatz, Selektivität und Ausbeute einer Reaktion. Besondere Bedeutung erlangen die Rückvermischung der flüssigen Phase und der Gehalt an disperser Gasphase. Zur Ermittlung dieser Parameter steht eine Vielzahl an Korrelationen in der Literatur zur Verfügung. Diese Korrelationen wurden oftmals von Versuchsanlagen im Labormaßstab abgeleitet, die nicht unter industriell relevanten Bedingungen betrieben wurden. In diesem Beitrag wird der Stand der vorhandenen Untersuchungen an Blasensäulen hinsichtlich Gasgehalt und Dispersion unter erhöhtem Druck dargestellt und eine Empfehlung für weiterführende Untersuchungen gegeben.
Efficient and robust identity‐based handoff authentication for EAP‐based wireless networks
Authors: Han Qi , Zhang Yinghui , Chen Xiaofeng , Li Hui , Quan Jiaxiang 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYThe Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) framework aims to realize a flexible authentication for wireless networks. However, a full EAP authentication needs several round trips between a mobile node and the EAP server, and hence is unacceptable in a process of handoff authentication because of inefficient performance. Considering the advantage of the identity‐based cryptography, it is attractive to realize handoff authentication efficiently in the identity‐based setting. In this work, we propose a new identity‐based handoff authentication scheme in which a special double‐trapdoor chameleon hash function is used. Compared with the existing identity‐based handoff authentication construction, the main advantage of the proposed scheme eliminates the assumption that the private key generator is fully trusted. Besides, the detailed security analysis shows that the proposed scheme not only satisfies robust security properties but also enjoys desirable efficiency for the real‐world applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing diversity: Domestication and gene flow in Stenocereus stellatus Riccob. (Cactaceae) in Mexico
Authors: Cruse‐Sanders Jennifer M. , Parker Kathleen C. , Friar Elizabeth A. , Huang Daisie I. , Mashayekhi Saeideh , Prince Linda M. , Otero‐Arnaiz Adriana , Casas Alejandro 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMicrosatellite markers (N = 5) were developed for analysis of genetic variation in 15 populations of the columnar cactus Stenocereus stellatus, managed under traditional agriculture practices in central Mexico. Microsatellite diversity was analyzed within and among populations, between geographic regions, and among population management types to provide detailed insight into historical gene flow rates and population dynamics associated with domestication. Our results corroborate a greater diversity in populations managed by farmers compared with wild ones (HE = 0.64 vs. 0.55), but with regional variation between populations among regions. Although farmers propagated S. stellatus vegetatively in home gardens to diversify their stock, asexual recruitment also occurred naturally in populations where more marginal conditions have limited sexual recruitment, resulting in lower genetic diversity. Therefore, a clear‐cut relationship between the occurrence of asexual recruitment and genetic diversity was not evident. Two managed populations adjacent to towns were identified as major sources of gene movement in each sampled region, with significant migration to distant as well as nearby populations. Coupled with the absence of significant bottlenecks, this suggests a mechanism for promoting genetic diversity in managed populations through long distance gene exchange. Cultivation of S. stellatus in close proximity to wild populations has led to complex patterns of genetic variation across the landscape that reflects the interaction of natural and cultural processes. As molecular markers become available for nontraditional crops and novel analysis techniques allow us to detect and evaluate patterns of genetic diversity, genetic studies provide valuable insights into managing crop genetic resources into the future against a backdrop of global change. Traditional agriculture systems play an important role in maintaining genetic diversity for plant species.
Optimization of magnet arrangement in double‐layer interior permanent‐magnet motors
Authors: Yamazaki Katsumi , Kitayuguchi Kazuya 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe arrangement of permanent magnets in double‐layer interior permanent‐magnet motors is optimized for variable‐speed applications. First, the arrangement of magnets is decided by automatic optimization. Next, the superiority of the optimized motor is discussed by considering d‐ and q‐axis equivalent circuits that take into account the magnetic saturation of the rotor core. Finally, experimental veriﬁcation is carried out with a prototype motor. It is conﬁrmed that the maximum torque of the optimized motor under both low‐speed and high‐speed conditions is higher than that of conventional motors because of the relatively large q‐axis inductance and small d‐axis inductance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(4): 54–63, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22348
Inverter for interchangeable use as current source inverter and voltage source inverter for interconnecting to grid
Authors: Teraya Daisuke , Masukawa Shigeo , Iida Shoji 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe propose a novel inverter that can be operated either as a current source inverter (CSI) or as a voltage source inverter (VSI) by changing only the control signals. It is proper to use it for interconnecting systems with renewable energy, such as photovoltaic cells or wind generation systems, to a grid. This inverter is usually operated as a CSI connected to the grid. Even if the energy source has a lower voltage than the grid, energy can be supplied to the grid through the proposed inverter. The power factor can be brieﬂy maintained close to unity. When power supply from the grid is interrupted, the proposed circuit should be operated as a VSI in the stand‐alone operation mode. In this way, the circuit can maintain a constant output voltage to the loads. In this paper, the proposed circuit conﬁguration and the control schemes for both the CSI and the VSI are described. The circuit characteristics for both are also discussed experimentally. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(4): 45–53, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22349
Application of a modular multilevel cascade converter (MMCC‐SDBC) to a STATCOM. Control of active power and negative‐sequence reactive power
Authors: Hagiwara Makoto , Maeda Ryo , Akagi Hirofumi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper presents the application of a modular multilevel cascade converter based on single‐delta bridge‐cells (MMCC‐SDBC) to a STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM), particularly for negative‐sequence reactive‐power control. The SDBC is characterized by cascade connection of multiple single‐phase H‐bridge (or full‐bridge) converter cells per leg, which facilitates ﬂexible circuit design, low voltage steps, and low electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions. However, there is no published report on such a STATCOM with experimental veriﬁcation or a control strategy. This paper designs, constructs, and tests a 100‐V 5‐kVA PWM STATCOM based on the SDBC with focus on the operating principle and performance. Experimental results conﬁrm that this converter can control not only the positive‐sequence reactive power but also the negative‐sequence reactive power and low‐frequency active power intended for the ﬂicker compensation of arc furnaces. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(4): 33–44, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22365
First Homoleptic Complexes of the Tridentate Pyridine‐2,6‐ditetrazolate Ligand
Authors: Klein Axel , Krest Alexander , Nitsche Sara , Stirnat Kathrin , Valldor Martin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe synthesis and spectroscopic characterisation of a series of homoleptic complexes of the tridentate pyridine‐2,6‐di(5‐tetrazolate) ligand (pydtz2–) with CoII, NiII, CuII and ZnII are reported. Single‐crystal XRD data reveals the formation of octahedrally configured complexes [M(pydtz)2]2– for M = Zn or [M(Hpydtz)(pydtz)]– for M = Co or Ni, whereas for M = Cu a polymeric structure [Cu(pydtz)(EtOH)]n crystallised. In the latter, alternate short and long Cu···Cu distances were found. Magnetic measurements and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy reveal noncoupled S = 1/2 CuII ions for [Cu(pydtz)(EtOH)]n, S = 1/2 low‐spin configuration for the CoII complex and an S = 1 ground state for the NiII derivative. At T < 16 K the latter shows anomalies that resemble those of single‐ion molecular magnets. The ligand strength of pydtz2– is markedly higher than that of the bioisosteric pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylate (pydic2–) ligand and is very similar to that of the well‐established 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (terpy) ligand as revealed by the ligand field bands of the Co, Ni and Cu complexes and the magnetism of the Co and Ni derivatives. Solution electrochemical investigations suggest that essentially ligand‐centred reduction at rather negative potentials and metal‐centred oxidation processes occur.
High Temperature Co‐Electrolysis of Steam and CO2 in an SOC Stack: Performance and Durability
Authors: Chen M. , Høgh J. V. T. , Nielsen J. U. , Bentzen J. J. , Ebbesen S. D. , Hendriksen P. V. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this work, co‐electrolysis of steam and carbon dioxide was studied in a Topsoe Fuel Cell (TOFC®) 10‐cell stack, containing three different types of Ni/yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrode supported solid oxide electrolysis cells with a footprint of 12 × 12 cm. The stack was operated at 800 °C and –0.75 A cm–2 with 60% conversion for a period of 1,000 h. One type of the cells showed no long term degradation but actually activation during the entire electrolysis period, while the other two types degraded. The performance and durability of the different cell types is discussed with respect to cell material composition and microstructure. The results of this study show that long term electrolysis is feasible without notable degradation at 800 °C and a current density of –0.75 A cm–2.
The role of excess subcutaneous fat in pain and sensory sensitivity in obesity
Authors: Price R.C. , Asenjo J.F. , Christou N.V. , Backman S.B. , Schweinhardt P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies suggest pain sensitivity may be decreased in obesity, but it is unknown whether this is a global or a site‐specific phenomenon related to the amount of excess fat.MethodsDesign: a cross‐sectional study comparing obese and non‐obese participants on body sites with much and little excess subcutaneous fat in obesity. Hot and cold sensory detection thresholds, pain thresholds, pain tolerance and subjective ratings for a cold (0 °C) and hot (48 °C) stimulus were assessed using a 16 × 16 mm thermode (Medoc, Israel) on the forehead and abdomen. Pressure pain thresholds were measured on the hand. Cold water immersion tolerance duration and subjective ratings were assessed on the hand. Two indices of central pain processing, i.e., temporal summation and heterotopic noxious stimulation, were assessed.ResultsA total of 20 obese participants [10M/10F, BMI mean (SD) = 41.5 kg/m2 (9.4 kg/m2)] and 20 age‐ and gender‐matched non‐obese controls [10M/10F, BMI mean (SD) = 23.5 kg/m2 (2.9 kg/m2)] were studied. Compared with non‐obese, obese participants had higher thresholds and lower subjective ratings, indexing decreased sensitivity, for painful and non‐painful thermal stimuli on the abdomen, an area with much excess subcutaneous fat. Decreases in abdominal sensitivity correlated with measures of adiposity (i.e., waist‐to‐hip ratio and subcutaneous fat thickness). On areas with little excess subcutaneous fat (forehead and hand), obese and non‐obese groups did not differ in measures of thermal or pressure sensitivity, nor for indices of central pain processing.ConclusionObese participants are less sensitive than non‐obese individuals, but only on areas with excess subcutaneous fat.
Phasor analysis of multiphoton spectral images distinguishes autofluorescence components of in vivo human skin
Authors: Fereidouni Farzad , Bader Arjen N. , Colonna Anne , Gerritsen Hans C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSkin contains many autofluorescent components that can be studied using spectral imaging. We employed a spectral phasor method to analyse two photon excited autofluorescence and second harmonic generation images of in vivo human skin. This method allows segmentation of images based on spectral features. Various structures in the skin could be distinguished, including Stratum Corneum, epidermal cells and dermis. The spectral phasor analysis allowed investigation of their fluorescence composition and identification of signals from NADH, keratin, FAD, melanin, collagen and elastin. Interestingly, two populations of epidermal cells could be distinguished with different melanin content. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A silicon photonic biosensor using phase‐shifted Bragg gratings in slot waveguide
Authors: Wang Xu , Flueckiger Jonas , Schmidt Shon , Grist Samantha , Fard Sahba T. , Kirk James , Doerfler Matt , Cheung Karen C. , Ratner Daniel M. , Chrostowski Lukas 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe present a novel silicon photonic biosensor using phase‐shifted Bragg gratings in a slot waveguide. The optical field is concentrated inside the slot region, leading to efficient light‐matter interaction. The Bragg gratings are formed with sidewall corrugations on the outside of the waveguide, and a phase shift is introduced to create a sharp resonant peak within the stop band. We experimentally demonstrate a high sensitivity of 340 nm/RIU measured in salt solutions and a high quality factor of 1.5 × 104, enabling a low intrinsic limit of detection of 3 × 10–4 RIU. Furthermore, the silicon device was fabricated by a CMOS foundry, facilitating high‐volume and low‐cost production. Finally, we demonstrate the device's ability to interrogate specific biomolecular interactions, resulting in the first of its kind label‐free biosensor. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Production enhancement of 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural from fructose via mechanical stirring control and high‐fructose solution addition
Authors: Jiang Nan , Qi Wei , Huang Renliang , Wang Mengfan , Su Rongxin , He Zhimin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUND5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has attracted increasing attention so that an efficient process for HMF production from high‐sugar solution is needed for the successful commercialization of this versatile intermediate in the production of high value chemicals.RESULTSTwo simple operations, mechanical stirring control and high‐fructose solution addition, were applied to the water/butanol system for enhancing fructose‐to‐HMF reaction using HCl as catalyst. The optimization of stirring speed led to a high HMF yield of 81.7% with 92.0% fructose conversion (0.3 moL L−1 HCl, 1000 rpm). Moreover, a reasonable mechanism describing the effect of stirring speed on HMF yield was proposed. During the process of high‐fructose solution (54.6 wt%) addition, the yields of HMF after four additions in every experiment all exceeded 55%, and a HMF yield of 83.3% was achieved after three additions at 1000 rpm.CONCLUSIONSThe optimization of mechanical stirring in aqueous/butanol media led to a high HMF yield. By studying the kinetics of the fructose‐to‐HMF reaction, it was demonstrated that a low value of reaction rate constant is of benefit to obtain high HMF yield for this biphasic system. The simple addition process greatly reduced the side‐reaction and made the operation more continuous and stable, and thus provided a practical and effective method of HMF preparation in high‐fructose solution. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Coal tar recovery using enhanced ‘pump‐and‐treat’
Authors: Kostarelos Konstantinos , Yoon Sungho , Lee Kenneth Y. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDMost experts acknowledge that low aqueous solubility results in low mass recovery rates using pump‐and‐treat (P&T), making such systems ineffective for coal tar (a multi‐component NAPL) recovery. It is proposed to increase the apparent aqueous solubility of coal tar by orders of magnitude as an enhancement to conventional P&T schemes (or ‘P&T–E’), increasing coal tar recovery rates, reducing the pore volumes and time required for complete recovery, thus translating into cost savings.RESULTSBatch test results of aqueous solutions containing anionic surfactant, co‐solvent, and electrolyte are presented that were studied for both compatibility with a field‐obtained coal tar and effectiveness at solubilizing the coal tar above its aqueous solubility. Seven surfactants were tested at room temperature (23C) in aqueous solutions containing the surfactant with co‐solvents and electrolytes. The most promising surfactant solution solubilized upwards of 40 000 mg L−1 coal tar. A 1–D column test resulted in 97% recovery using the promising surfactant.CONCLUSIONSP&T–E could significantly increase coal tar solubility without causing the formation of a rate‐limiting, solid‐like film and offers a promising approach for the remediation of coal tar from the subsurface. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Identifying the active phase in Cs‐promoted MgO nanocatalysts for triglyceride transesterification
Authors: Woodford Julia J. , Parlett Christopher M.A. , Dacquin Jean‐Philippe , Cibin Gianantonio , Dent Andrew , Montero Janine , Wilson Karen , Lee Adam F. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundBiodiesel is a clean‐burning, renewable and biodegradable diesel fuel substitute derived from animal fats and plant oils, which may play an important role in replacing diminishing fossil fuel reserves and combating climate change. Conventional biodiesel production uses soluble base catalysts, such as Na or K alkoxides, to convert oils into fuel, and as a result requires energy intensive aqueous quench cycles to isolate the biodiesel product.ResultsCs‐doping nanoparticulate MgO, prepared via a novel, supercritical sol–gel method, yields a solid base catalyst with improved activity for the transesterification of pure triacylglycerides (TAGs) and olive oil.ConclusionHere, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is used to probe the local chemical environment of Cs atoms in order to identify the nature of the catalytically active species as Cs2Mg(CO3)2(H2O)4. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of sibutramine on platelet morphology of Spraque‐Dawley rats fed a high energy diet
Authors: Oberholzer Hester Magdalena , Van Der Schoor Ciska , Pretorius Etheresia 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Sibutramine on platelet ultrastructure and discuss the morphological observations in relation to known physiological effects of the compound. Six‐week‐old, female Spraque‐Dawley rats were used in this study. The animals were placed on a high energy diet after which sibutramine administration followed. Blood was drawn on the day of termination and platelet rich plasma was obtained to prepare plasma smears for analysis. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the ultrastructure of the platelets. Platelets of the Sibutramine‐treated animals showed smooth surface with limited pseudopodia formation when compared with that of the control animals. Higher magnification of the platelet surface showed membrane tears and swelling, typically seen in necrotic cells. It can therefore be concluded from these results that Sibutramine alters the membrane morphology of platelets to that typical of necrotic cells. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:653–657, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solid‐phase microextraction with fast GC combined with a high‐speed triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for targeted and untargeted food analysis
Authors: Tranchida Peter Quinto , Zoccali Mariosimone , Schipilliti Luisa , Sciarrone Danilo , Dugo Paola , Mondello Luigi 
Published: April 2013

The present contribution is focused on the evaluation of a high‐speed triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, carried out under moderately fast GC conditions (analysis time: 16.6 min). The mass spectrometric instrument can be operated under high‐speed GC conditions, in both full‐scan (maximum scan speed: 20 000 amu/s) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes (minimum dwell time: 0.01 s). Additionally, the mass spectrometric system can generate full scan and MRM information, simultaneously and rapidly. A headspace solid‐phase microextraction with fast GC coupled to triple quadrupole MS approach was developed for the: (i) qualitative untargeted analysis of brewed tea volatiles, and (ii) MRM qualitative and quantitative analysis of targeted volatiles (also in brewed tea), namely 30 phytosanitary contaminants. The performance of the triple quadrupole instrument was satisfactory both for identification and quantification purposes. Furthermore, the method sensitivity was more than sufficient for the requirements of current legislation. Method validation, related to the MRM analysis, was performed considering: precision of quantification data (maximum coefficient of variation value: 12.0%) and quantification/qualification ion ratios (maximum coefficient of variation value: 14.4%), along with limits of detection (4 parts per trillion–5 parts per billion range) and quantification (14 parts per trillion–16 parts per billion range).