bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis due to human herpesvirus 6B after hematopoietic cell transplantation and a review of the literature
Authors: Hill J.A. , Myerson D. , Sedlak R.H. , Jerome K.R. , Zerr D.M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHuman herpesvirus 6B (HHV‐6B) is an opportunistic pathogen associated with a growing number of complications in immunocompromised patients. Multiple reports of HHV‐6B‐associated hepatitis following primary HHV‐6 infection and liver transplantation have appeared, but this has only been well documented in 1 patient after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). This report describes a case of acute hepatitis likely caused by HHV‐6B in an HCT recipient who was successfully treated with ganciclovir. HHV‐6B DNA was demonstrated in plasma and hepatic tissue using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical stains. Chromosomal integration was ruled out. We review the literature reporting HHV‐6B‐associated hepatitis, which may be an underappreciated cause of liver disease after HCT.
The practice and clinical implications of tablet splitting in international health
Authors: Elliott Ivo , Mayxay Mayfong , Yeuichaixong Sengchanh , Lee Sue J. , Newton Paul N. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTablet splitting is frequently performed to facilitate correct dosing, but the practice and implications in low‐income settings have rarely been discussed.MethodsWe selected eight drugs, with narrow therapeutic indices or critical dosages, frequently divided in the Lao PDR (Laos). These were split, by common techniques used in Laos, by four nurses and four laypersons. The mean percentage deviation from the theoretical expected weight and weight loss of divided tablets/capsules were recorded.ResultsFive of eight study drugs failed, on splitting, to meet European Pharmacopoeia recommendations for tablet weight deviation from the expected weight of tablet/capsule halves with 10% deviating by more than 25%. There was a significant difference in splitting accuracy between nurses and laypersons (P = 0.027). Coated and unscored tablets were less accurately split than uncoated (P = 0.03 and 0.0019 for each half) and scored (0.0001 for both halves) tablets.ConclusionThese findings have potential clinical implications on treatment outcome and the development of antimicrobial resistance. Investment by drug companies in a wider range of dosage units, particularly for narrow therapeutic index and critical dosage medicines, is strongly recommended.
Tuberculate fruit gene Tu encodes a C2H2 zinc finger protein that is required for the warty fruit phenotype in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Yang Xuqin , Zhang Weiwei , He Huanle , Nie Jingtao , Bie Beibei , Zhao Junlong , Ren Guoliang , Li Yue , Zhang Dabing , Pan Junsong , Cai Run 
Published: April 2014

SummaryCucumber fruits that have tubercules and spines (trichomes) are known to possess a warty (Wty) phenotype. In this study, the tuberculate fruit gene Tu was identified by map‐based cloning, and was found to encode a transcription factor (TF) with a single C2H2 zinc finger domain. Tu was identified in all 38 Wty lines examined, and was completely absent from all 56 non‐warty (nWty) lines. Cucumber plants transgenic for Tu (TCP) revealed that Tu was required for the Wty fruit phenotype. Subcellular localization showed that the fusion protein GFP–Tu was localized mainly to the nucleus. Based on analyses of semi‐quantitative and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and mRNA in situ hybridization, we found that Tu was expressed specifically in fruit spine cells during development of fruit tubercules. Moreover, cytokinin (CTK) content measurements and cytological observations in Wty and nWty fruits revealed that the Wty fruit phenotype correlated with high endogenous CTK concentrations. As a result of further analyses on the transcriptomic profile of the nWty fruit epidermis and TCP fruit warts, expression of CTK‐associated genes, and hormone content in nWty fruit epidermis, Wty fruit warts and epidermis, and TCP fruit warts and epidermis, we found that Tu probably promoted CTK biosynthesis in fruit warts. Here we show that Tu could not be expressed in the glabrous and tubercule‐free mutant line gl that contained Tu, this result that futher confirmed the epistatic effect of the trichome (spine) gene Gl over Tu. Taken together, these data led us to propose a genetic pathway for the Wty fruit trait that could guide future mechanistic studies.
The Arabidopsis mitochondrial membrane‐bound ubiquitin protease UBP27 contributes to mitochondrial morphogenesis
Authors: Pan Ronghui , Kaur Navneet , Hu Jianping 
Published: April 2014

SummaryMitochondria are essential organelles with dynamic morphology and function. Post‐translational modifications (PTMs), which include protein ubiquitination, are critically involved in animal and yeast mitochondrial dynamics. How PTMs contribute to plant mitochondrial dynamics is just beginning to be elucidated, and mitochondrial enzymes involved in ubiquitination have not been reported from plants. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis mitochondrial localized ubiquitin protease, UBP27, through a screen that combined bioinformatics and fluorescent fusion protein targeting analysis. We characterized UBP27 with respect to its membrane topology and enzymatic activities, and analysed the mitochondrial morphological changes in UBP27T‐DNA insertion mutants and overexpression lines. We have shown that UBP27 is embedded in the mitochondrial outer membrane with an Nin–Cout orientation and possesses ubiquitin protease activities in vitro. UBP27 demonstrates similar sub‐cellular localization, domain structure, membrane topology and enzymatic activities with two mitochondrial deubiquitinases, yeast ScUBP16 and human HsUSP30, which indicated that these proteins are functional orthologues in eukaryotes. Although loss‐of‐function mutants of UBP27 do not show obvious phenotypes in plant growth and mitochondrial morphology, UBP27 overexpression can change mitochondrial morphology from rod to spherical shape and reduce the mitochondrial association of dynamin‐related protein 3 (DRP3) proteins, large GTPases that serve as the main mitochondrial fission factors. Thus, our study has uncovered a plant ubiquitin protease that plays a role in mitochondrial morphogenesis possibly through modulation of the function of organelle division proteins.
Molecular and morphometric systematics of Diapterus (Perciformes, Gerreidae)
Authors: Vergara‐Solana Francisco Javier , García‐Rodriguez Francisco Javier , Tavera José Julián , De Luna Efraín , De La Cruz‐Agüero José 
Published: April 2014

The fish belonging to Gerreidae are common representatives of the coastal ichthyofauna of the tropics and subtropics of the world. The genus Diapterus has a neotropical distribution and currently includes four species: two in the Atlantic Ocean [Irish mojarra D. auratus Ranzani 1842 and rhombic mojarra D. rhombeus (Cuvier 1829)] and two in the Pacific Ocean [short‐beaked mojarra D. brevirostris (Sauvage 1879) and golden mojarra D. aureolus (Jordan & Gilbert 1882)]. This genus has uncertain taxonomy based on the remarkable and dissimilar morphology of D. aureolus. We evaluated the taxonomy and phylogeny of Diapterus with statistical (canonical discriminant analysis) and phylogenetic analyses (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) of geometric morphometric data (relative warps) and molecular data (12Sr RNA, 16Sr RNA, COI and RAG1 sequences). Our results indicate that the genus Diapterus as we currently conceive it is a polyphyletic group: [(Gerres cinereus – Eucinostomus spp. (D. aureolus – (Eugerres spp. (D. auratus – (D. brevirostris – D. rhombeus)))))]. Therefore, a taxonomic rearrangement is needed. To preserve the monophyly of the group, our proposal is to remove D. aureolus and place it in a new monotypic genus. A neotype is designated for D. aureolus as well as an artificial identification key for the genera and the species treated in this article.
Window shifts, flop equivalences and Grassmannian twists
Authors: Donovan Will , Segal Ed 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe introduce a new class of autoequivalences that act on the derived categories of certain vector bundles over Grassmannians. These autoequivalences arise from Grassmannian flops: they generalize Seidel–Thomas spherical twists, which can be seen as arising from standard flops. We first give a simple algebraic construction, which is well suited to explicit computations. We then give a geometric construction using spherical functors which we prove is equivalent.
The Role of Criticality on the Horizontal and Vertical Scales of Extratropical Eddies in a Dry GCM
Authors: Chai Junyi , Vallis Geoffrey K. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This paper discusses the sensitivity of the horizontal and vertical scales of extratropical eddies when criticality is varied in a dry, primitive-equation, general circulation model. Criticality is a measure of extratropical isentropic slope and when defined appropriately its value is often close to 1 for Earth’s climate. The model is forced by a Newtonian relaxation of temperature to a prescribed temperature profile, and criticality is increased by increasing the thermal relaxation rate on the mean flow. When criticality varies near 1, it is shown that there exists a weakly nonlinear regime in which the eddy scale increases with criticality without involving an inverse cascade, while at the same time the Rossby radius may in fact decrease. The quasigeostrophic instability of the Charney problem is revisited. It is demonstrated that both the horizontal and vertical scales of the most unstable wave depend on criticality, and simple estimates for the two scales are obtained. The authors reconcile the opposite trends of the eddy scale and Rossby radius and obtain an estimate for the eddy scale in terms of the Rossby radius and criticality that is broadly consistent with simulations.
Long-Term Changes of Lake Level and Water Budget in the Nam Co Lake Basin, Central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wu Yanhong , Zheng Hongxing , Zhang Bing , Chen Dongmei , Lei Liping 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Long-term changes in the water budget of lakes in the Tibetan Plateau due to climate change are of great interest not only for the importance of water management, but also for the critical challenge due to the lack of observations. In this paper, the water budget of Nam Co Lake during 1980–2010 is simulated using a dynamical monthly water balance model. The simulated lake level is in good agreement with field investigations and the remotely sensed lake level. The long-term hydrological simulation shows that from 1980 to 2010, lake level rose from 4718.34 to 4724.93 m, accompanied by an increase of lake water storage volume from 77.33 × 109 to 83.66 × 109 m3. For the net lake level rise (5.93 m) during the period 1980–2010, the proportional contributions of rainfall–runoff, glacier melt, precipitation on the lake, lake percolation, and evaporation are 104.7%, 56.6%, 41.7%, −22.2%, and −80.9%, respectively. A positive but diminishing annual water surplus is found in Nam Co Lake, implying a continuous but slowing rise in lake level as a hydrological consequence of climate change.
A Frequency-Dependent Description of Propagating Sea Level Signals in the Kuroshio Extension Region
Authors: Lin Hongyang , Thompson Keith R. , Hu Jianyu 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Hilbert empirical orthogonal function analysis is used to provide a frequency-dependent description of observed sea level variability in the Kuroshio Extension region, 1993–2012 inclusive. The dominant high-frequency mode (periods between 140 and 350 days) describes signals that propagate westward with the largest amplitudes in the vicinity of the Shatsky Rise and Emperor Seamounts. Based on the close correspondence between the variance of the high-frequency variability and the underlying bathymetry, it is speculated that this mode is driven by jet–bathymetry interactions. The dominant low-frequency mode (periods longer than 350 days) is explained in terms of wind-forced, jet-trapped Rossby waves that propagate along the mean Kuroshio Extension jet. One of the most surprising findings of this study is that sea level changes north of the jet in the meander region anticipate changes south of the jet by about 3 yr. Based on correlations of observed sea level with the Pacific decadal oscillation, and western boundary transport variability estimated from the Global Ocean Reanalysis and Simulations (GLORYS), it is speculated that this anticipation is due to the differences in time taken for (i) Rossby waves to travel from the eastern North Pacific to the meander region and (ii) the much faster barotropic response of western boundary transport, and sea level north of the jet, to large-scale forcing by the wind stress curl.
Gene expression profile analysis of Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) hemocytes after a Vibrio alginolyticus challenge using an immune-enriched oligo-microarray
Authors: Moreira Rebeca , Milan Massimo , Balseiro Pablo , Romero Alejandro , Babbucci Massimiliano , Figueras Antonio , Bargelloni Luca , Novoa Beatriz 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
The Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is a cultured bivalve with worldwide commercial importance, and diseases cause high economic losses. For this reason, interest in the immune genes in this species has recently increased. The present work describes the construction of the first R. philippinarum microarray containing immune-related hemocyte sequences and its application to study the gene transcription profiles of hemocytes from clams infected with V. alginolyticus through a time course.

Results
The complete set of sequences from R. philippinarum available in the public databases and the hemocyte sequences enriched in immune transcripts were assembled successfully. A total of 12,156 annotated sequences were used to construct the 8 ×15 k oligo-microarray. The microarray experiments yielded a total of 579 differentially expressed transcripts. Using the gene expression results, the associated Gene Ontology terms and the enrichment analysis, we found different response mechanisms throughout the experiment. Genes related to signaling, transcription and apoptosis, such as IL-17D, NF-κB or calmodulin, were typically expressed as early as 3 hours post-challenge (hpc), while characteristic immune genes, such as PGRPs, FREPs and defense proteins appeared later at 8 hpc. This immune-triggering response could have affected a high number of processes that seemed to be activated 24 hpc to overcome the Vibrio challenge, including the expression of many cytoskeleton molecules, which is indicative of the active movement of hemocytes. In fact functional studies showed an increment in apoptosis, necrosis or cell migration after the infection. Finally, 72 hpc, activity returned to normal levels, and more than 50% of the genes were downregulated in a negative feedback of all of the previously active processes.

Conclusions
Using a new version of the R. philippinarum oligo-microarray, a putative timing for the response against a Vibrio infection was established. The key point to overcome the challenge seemed to be 8 hours after the challenge, when we detected immune functions that could lead to the destruction of the pathogen and the activation of a wide variety of processes related to homeostasis and defense. These results highlight the importance of a fast response in bivalves and the effectiveness of their innate immune system.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Production of recombinant Entamoeba histolyticapyruvate phosphate dikinase and its application in a lateral flow dipstick test for amoebic liver abscess
Authors: Saidin Syazwan , Yunus Muhammad Hafiznur , Zakaria Nor Dyana , Razak Khairunisak Abdul , Huat Lim Boon , Othman Nurulhasanah , Noordin Rahmah 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background
Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is the most common clinical manifestation of extraintestinal amoebiasis especially in developing countries, causing up to 100 000 fatal cases annually. Accurate and early diagnosis is important to prevent the disease complications, however its diagnosis still poses many challenges due to the limitations of the available detection tools. Pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK), an excretory-secretory protein of E. histolytica, has been reported as a potential diagnostic marker for ALA, hence it may be exploited in the development of a new test for ALA.

Methods
Recombinant PPDK (rPPDK) was expressed, purified and evaluated by Western blot. In parallel, recombinant galactose-and-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine inhibitable lectin (Gal/GalNAc lectin) was produced and tested similarly. The protein identity was confirmed by analysis using MALDI-TOF/TOF. A lateral flow dipstick (LFD) test using rPPDK was subsequently developed (rPPDK-LFD) and evaluated for serodiagnosis of ALA.

Results
rPPDK was expressed as soluble protein after 4 hours of induction with 1 mM isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) at 30°C. Purification using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) resin yielded 1.5 mg of rPPDK from 1 L of culture with estimated molecular mass of 98 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Western blots using sera from patients with ALA, healthy individuals and other diseases probed with anti-human IgG4-HRP showed the highest sensitivity (93.3%) and specificity (100%); as compared to blots using IgG and IgG1 as secondary antibodies. Moreover, rPPDK showed better specificity when compared to rGal/GalNAc lectin. In the development of the LFD test, the optimum amount of rPPDK was 0.625 μg per dipstick and the optimum working concentration of colloidal gold conjugated anti-human IgG4 was optical density (OD) 5 (1.7 μg of anti-human IgG4). Evaluation of rPPDK-LFD using ALA patients and controls serum samples showed 87% diagnostic sensitivity and 100% specificity.

Conclusion
The developed rPPDK-LFD showed good potential for rapid diagnosis of ALA, and merit further multicentre validation using larger number of serum samples.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Identification of novel signaling components in N,N’-Dinitrosopiperazine-mediated metastasis of nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by quantitative phosphoproteomics
Authors: Huang Damao , Li Yuejin , Liu Na , Zhang Zhenlin , Peng Zhengke , Duan Chaojun , Tang Xiaowei , Tan Gongjun , Yan Guangrong , Tang Faqing 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly invasive and metastatic cancer. N,N’-dinitrosopiperazine (DNP), a carcinogen with specificity for nasopharyngeal epithelium, facilitates NPC metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism is not known.

Methods
Quantitative phosphoproteomics, using stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell cultures, was employed to identify phosphoproteins associated with NPC metastasis mediated by DNP. NPC cell line 6-10B, which is relatively less metastatic, was used to investigate DNP-mediated metastasis. Boyden chamber invasion assay was used to measure DNP-induced motility and invasion, and nude mice were used to verify DNP-mediated metastasis in vivo. Several different phosphoproteins detected by proteomics analysis were verified by immunoblotting. DNP-mediated metastasis facilitated by lysine-rich CEACAM1 co-isolated protein (LYRIC) phosphorylation at serine 568 was confirmed using mutations targeting the phosphorylation site of LYRIC. DNP-mediated metastasis through LYRIC phosphorylation was confirmed in the NPC cell line CNE1. DNP-mediated LYRIC phosphorylation at serine 568 was also verified in metastatic tumors of BABL/c nude mice.

Results
Boyden chamber invasion assay indicated that DNP mediated cell motility and invasion of NPC cell 6-10B in vitro, and experiments with nude mice indicated that DNP increased 6-10B metastasis in vivo. In the phosphoproteomics analysis, we detected 216 phosphorylation sites on 130 proteins; among these, 48 phosphorylation sites on 30 unique phosphopeptides were modulated by DNP by at least 1.5-fold. DNP mediated the expression of phosphorylated GTPase, ferritin, LYRIC, and RNA polymerase, and it decreased the expression of phosphorylated torsin-1A protein 1. Furthermore, DNP induced LYRIC phosphorylation at serine 568 to facilitate cell motility and invasion, whereas DNP-mediated motility and invasion was decreased when serine 568 in LYRIC was mutated. In another NPC cell line, CNE1, DNP also mediated cell motility and invasion followed by enhanced phosphorylation of LYRIC at serine 568. Finally, phosphorylated-LYRIC expression at serine 568 was significantly increased in metastatic tumors induced by DNP.

Conclusion
DNP regulates multiple signaling pathways through protein phosphorylation, including the phosphorylation of LYRIC at serine 568, and mediates NPC metastasis. These findings provide insights on the complexity and dynamics of DNP-facilitated metastasis, and may help to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms by clarifying NPC-induced metastasis.
Adaptive behavior in Chinese children with Williams syndrome
Authors: Ji Chai , Yao Dan , Chen Weijun , Li Mingyan , Zhao Zhengyan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by compelling psychological phenotypes. The symptoms span multiple cognitive domains and include a distinctive pattern of social behavior. The goal of this study was to explore adaptive behavior in WS patients in China.

Methods
We conducted a structured interview including the Infants-Junior Middle School Students Social-life Abilities Scale in three participant groups: children with WS (n = 26), normally-developing children matched for mental age (MA, n = 30), and normally-developing children matched for chronological age (CA, n = 40). We compared the mean scores for each domain between the three groups.

Results
Children with WS had more siblings than children in the two control groups. The educational level of the caregivers of WS children was lower than that of the control children. We found no differences in locomotion, work skill, socialization, or self-management between the WS and MA groups. WS children obtained higher scores of self-dependence (df = 54, Z = −2.379, p = 0.017) and had better communication skills (df = 54, Z = −2.222, p = 0.026) compared with MA children. The CA children achieved higher scores than the WS children for all dimensions of adaptive behavior.

Conclusions
WS children have better adaptive behavior skills regarding communication and self-dependence than normal children matched for mental age. Targeted intervention techniques should be designed to promote social development in this population.