bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Microdistortions in Bowman’s Layer Using Optical Coherence Tomography After SMILE Among Different Myopic Corrections
Authors: Luo Jie , Yao Peijun , Li Meiyan , Xu Guichun , Zhao Jing , Tian Mi , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: March 2015

PURPOSE:
To quantitatively analyze the characteristics of Bowman’s layer microdistortions after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) among different myopic corrections, and their correlations with stromal lenticule thickness.

METHODS:
In this nonrandomized, prospective, controlled study, 63 eyes of 32 consecutive patients undergoing SMILE were divided into three groups according to the preoperative spherical equivalent (SE): greater than −6.00 D (20 eyes), −3.00 to −6.00 D (26 eyes), and −3.00 D or less (17 eyes). Measurement by slit-lamp microscope, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), manifest refraction, and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) were conducted preoperatively and 1 day and 1 month postoperatively. Index M was calculated according to the OCT images to indicate the quantity of microdistortions in Bowman’s layer.

RESULTS:

Microdistortions in Bowman’s layer were observed in 65.0% (13 of 20 eyes) and 30.8% (8 of 26 eyes) in the greater than −6.00 D and −3.00 to −6.00 D groups, respectively, 1 day postoperatively, and in 60% (12 of 20 eyes) and 23.1% (6 of 26 eyes) 1 month later. No Bowman’s layer microdistortion was detected in the −3.00 D or less group postoperatively. The quantitative index M of microdistortions was higher in the greater than −6.00 D group than in the −3.00 to −6.00 D group at 1 day and 1 month (
P
< .05). There was no statistically significant difference between the indexes M on 1 day compared to 1 month. Index M was correlated with the preoperative SE and lenticule thickness (
P
< .05).

CONCLUSION:
The incidence and range of microdistortions in Bowman’s layer detected after SMILE are positively correlated with the myopic correction. High myopia tends to develop more microdistortions in Bowman’s layer after SMILE.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(2):104–109.]
Study of the Force Dynamics at the Capsular Interface Related to Ciliary Body Stimulation in a Primate Model
Authors: Alió Jorge L. , Ben-Nun Joshua 
Published: March 2015

PURPOSE:
To study the mechanical dynamics between the zonuli-capsular complex and an accommodating intraocular lens mechanics simulator using pharmacological stimulation of the ciliary body in a primate eye.

METHODS:
Following phacoemulsification removal of the lens, force/movement gauges simulating the accommodating intraocular lens mechanics were implanted in 8 primate eyes (4 positioned in-the-bag and 4 on-the-bag). The gauge readings were taken under full effect of pilocarpine 4% or atropine 1% starting 6 weeks after surgery and following 3-month intervals for 30 months.

RESULTS:

An average movement of 390
µ
m for on-the-bag gauges and 145
µ
m for in-the-bag gauges was documented at 3 months postoperatively. The mechanical compliance of in-the-bag gauges rapidly deteriorated with capsular fibrosis developing inside the gauge and the capsular bag shrinking around it. On-the-bag gauges remained functional but the initial compliance was compromised over time by the pressure build up caused by the fibrotic capsular bag.

CONCLUSIONS:
Following phacoemulsification, capsular fibrosis causes disappearance of the mechanical forces detected by an in-the-bag gauge. An on-the-bag gauge detects active forces at the sulcus lasting at least 5 years, although the contracting capsule pressure compromises its compliance. These findings have important implications for future accommodating intraocular lens designs.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2015;31(2):124–128.]
Modeling the Specific CD4+ T Cell Response against a Tumor Neoantigen
Authors: Flament Héloïse , Alonso Ramirez Ruby , Prémel Virginie , Joncker Nathalie T. , Jacquet Alexandra , Scholl Suzy , Lantz Olivier 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The antitumor activity of CD4+ T cells is increasingly acknowledged in both humans and mice. The involved mechanisms have been mostly studied using transplanted tumor mouse systems. In these models, many tumor cells die at the time of implantation leading to the release of Ag in an inflammatory context contrasting with the slow and nondestructive growth of early-stage human tumors. In this study, we show that the presentation of a MHC class II–restricted model Ag (male, DBY) released by dying tumor cells may last more than 4 wk. The duration of Ag presentation varies according to the way the cells are killed before implantation. To avoid this artifactual early priming of the host precluding the study of the interactions between the immune system and tumors at the steady state, we generated a cell line expressing the DBY Ag in an inducible manner. Ag expression can be efficiently induced in vivo several days after tumor implantation. We show that the Ag reaches the lymph node and activates naive CD4+ T cells to proliferate and recirculate. We did not observe de novo induction of tumor-specific regulatory T cells. However, we observed Th1/Th17 effector cells in the tumor draining lymph node and tumors. Thus, when a neoantigen appears in established tumors, the immune system is not ignorant and naive CD4+ T cells are not tolerized. This opens up the possibility of therapeutic vaccines improving the immune response toward tumor-specific neoantigens.
Therapeutic Regulatory T Cells Subvert Effector T Cell Function in Inflamed Islets To Halt Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Mahne Ashley E. , Klementowicz Joanna E. , Chou Annie , Nguyen Vinh , Tang Qizhi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Therapeutic regulatory T cells (Tregs) can reverse pre-established autoimmune pathology. In this study, using a mouse model of autoimmune diabetes, we aimed to determine the means by which therapeutic Tregs control islet inflammation. Islet Ag-specific Tregs infiltrated inflamed islets soon after infusion into prediabetic mice, which was quickly followed by a selective reduction of mRNA associated with effector T cells in the islets. This change was partially due to decreased CD8+ T cell accumulation in the tissue. CD8+ T cells that remained in the islets after Treg treatment were able to engage dendritic cells in a manner similar to that found in untreated mice, consistent with the retention of an activated phenotype by islet dendritic cells shortly after Treg treatment. Nonetheless, Treg treatment abrogated IFN-γ production by intraislet CD8+ and CD4+ T cells at the protein level with minimal effect on IFN-γ mRNA. Sustained expression of IFN-γ protein by effector T cells was dependent on common γ-chain cytokine activation of the mTOR pathway, which was suppressed in islet CD8+ T cells in vivo after Treg treatment. These multifaceted mechanisms underlie the efficacy of therapeutic Treg subversion of effector T cell functions at the site of inflammation to restore normal tissue homeostasis.
Quantum Unique Ergodicity on Locally Symmetric Spaces: the Degenerate Lift
Authors: Silberman Lior 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGiven a measureon a locally symmetric spaceobtained as a weak-* limit of probability measures associated with eigenfunctions of the ring of invariant differential operators, we construct a measureon the homogeneous spaceX= Γ\Gthat liftsand is invariant by a connected subgroupA1⊂Aof positive dimension, whereG=NAKis an Iwasawa decomposition. If the functions are, in addition, eigenfunctions of the Hecke operators, thenis also the limit of measures associated with Hecke eigenfunctions on X. This generalizes results of the author with A.Venkatesh in the case where the spectral parameters stay away from the walls of the Weyl chamber.
Hyperplanes in the Space of Convergent Sequences and Preduals of ℓ1
Authors: Casini Emanuele , Miglierina Enrico , Piasecki Łukasz 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to investigate various structural properties of hyperplanes of c, the Banach space of the convergent sequences. In particular, we give an explicit formula for the projection constants and prove that an hyperplane of c is isometric to the whole space if and only if it is 1-complemented. Moreover, we obtain the classification of those hyperplanes for which their duals are isometric to ℓ1 and give a complete description of the preduals of ℓ1 under the assumption that the standard basis of ℓ1 is weak*-convergent.
Local Fourier Analysis for Edge-Based Discretizations on Triangular Grids
Authors: Rodrigo Carmen , Sanz Francisco , Gaspar Francisco J. , Lisbona Francisco J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we present a local Fourier analysis framework for analyzing the different components within multigrid solvers for edge-based discretizations on triangular grids. The different stencils associated with edges of different orientation in a triangular mesh make this analysis special. The resulting tool is demonstrated for the vector Laplace problem discretized by mimetic finite difference schemes. Results from the local Fourier analysis, as well as experimentally obtained results, are presented to validate the proposed analysis.
Numerical Solution of the Inventory Balance Delay Differential Equation
Authors: Novotná Veronika 
Published: March 2015

Inventory represents an essential part of current assets, which are typically characterized by their transience. This paper aims to outline a numerical solution of the inventory balance equation supplemented by an order-up-to replenishment policy for a case in which the problem is described by a differential equation with delayed argument. The results are demonstrated on a specific example and the behaviour of the model is presented using a computer simulation. The results are graphically shown in the Maple system. The solution makes use of the theory of functional differential equations, especially the part dealing with differential equations with delayed arguments.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i geoambiental per la comarca de l’Anoia (subcomarca de l´Alta Segarra): des de la Panadella a Sant Martí Sesgueioles i a Calaf
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim 
Published: March 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 2 de febrer de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, es realitzarà un recorregut geològic que discorrerà en la seva totalitat per diferents indrets de la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre; i més concretament pels sectors corresponents a la seva Depressió Central, a l´igual que en els altres recorreguts que hem fet per la comarca de l’Anoia. D´aquesta manera, tot el recorregut transitarà entre afloraments dels materials terciaris (de l´Oligocè) i quaternaris que reblen aquesta depressió. Així, durant tot el recorregut, anirem trobant afloraments que corresponen als materials de la Formació Tàrrega, situant-se íntegrament dintre del Complex Lacustre de la Segarra. Així, veurem terrenys calcolutitics, carbonatats, argilosos i lignits, fonamentalment, al llarg de tot el recorregut de l´itinerari. Per d´altra banda, el recorregut transitarà inicialment per la comarca d´Anoia, pels sectors septentrionals i segarrencs de la comarca. Després, penetrarà breument a la comarca de la Segarra, per a tornar finalment a la comarca d´Anoia, discorrent els darrers trams del recorregut per la subcomarca de l´Alta Segarra (la també anomenada Segarra Calafina).
El Anciano Alado Del Edificio K De Tula, Hidalgo
Authors: Bernal Stephen Castillo 
Published: March 2015

ResumenEn este trabajo se analiza una Iápida tolteca de reciente excavación en el Edificio K de Tula, Hidalgo, México. Dicho objeto muestra a un anciano ataviado con un traje en forma de mariposa, que porta un báculo curvo o chicoacolli, además de una probable fecha calendárica. Se documenta el contexto de aparición de la Iápida y se interpretan los motivos iconográficos mediante una comparación con otros materiales arqueológicos toltecas y con algunas fuentes históricas del period Colonial Temprano. Entre los antiguos mexicanos, la mariposa se vinculó con el complejo simbólico de guerra y fuego, por lo que se postula que el anciano alado puede relacionarse con poderes calóricos, con el dios Quetzalcóatl, patrono mítico de los toltecas, con una probable fecha de entronización, así como con la legitimidad de los primeros dignatarios de la antigua ciudad de Tula.
Traduire les textes juridiques dans un contexte de plurilinguisme officiel : quelle formation pour quelles compétences spécifiques ?
Authors: Dullion Valérie 
Published: March 2015

Question fondamentale pour les systèmes plurilingues, la qualité de la traduction juridique est abordée ici sous l’angle non pas des aménagements institutionnels, mais des acteurs. Les spécificités des contextes de plurilinguisme officiel sont mises en relation avec la problématique de la compétence traductionnelle, de façon à tirer des conclusions applicables à la formation. Dans les systèmes plurilingues, la traduction juridique doit répondre à des exigences particulières liées à l’intertextualité, au statut du texte traduit, à la pluralité des destinataires et à l’institutionnalisation du processus. Ces exigences ont des implications sur plusieurs plans. À cet égard, l’article se réfère aux modèles généraux de compétence et à leur approfondissement interdisciplinaire dans la perspective de la traduction juridique. Il propose d’intégrer la question du plurilinguisme officiel dans un enseignement structuré autour des situations professionnelles, en mettant l’accent sur les aspects suivants : l’utilisation raisonnée des ressources documentaires ; l’acquisition de connaissances relatives au droit linguistique et au fonctionnement institutionnel ; la prévention des interférences et du jargon ; et le développement d’une capacité d’argumenter et d’interagir avec d’autres professionnels. Pour terminer, l’article illustre la singularité des divers contextes plurilingues. Il rejette l’idée selon laquelle ils représenteraient pour la traduction juridique une situation simplifiée, nécessitant des compétences purement techniques.
Pre-Priabonian Palaeogene formations in

southwestern Bulgaria and northern Greece:

stratigraphy and tectonic implications
Authors: ZAGORCHEV IVAN S. 
Published: July 2002

The Paril Formation (South Pirin and Slavyanka Mountains,

southwestern Bulgaria) and the

Prodromos Formation (Orvilos and Menikion Mountains, northern

Greece) consist of breccia and olistostrome

built up predominantly of marble fragments from the Precambrian

Dobrostan Marble Formation

(Bulgaria) and its equivalent Bos-Dag Marble Formation (Greece).

The breccia and olistostrome are

interbedded with thin layers of calcarenites (with occasional

marble pebbles), siltstones, sandstones and

limestones. The Paril and Prodromos formations unconformably

cover the Precambrian marbles, and are

themselves covered unconformably by Miocene and Pliocene

sediments (Nevrokop Formation). The rocks

of the Paril Formation are intruded by the Palaeogene (Late

Eocene–Early Oligocene) Teshovo granitoid

pluton, and are deformed and preserved in the two limbs of a

Palaeogene anticline cored by the Teshovo pluton

(Teshovo anticline). The Palaeocene–Middle Eocene age of

the formations is based on these contact

relations, and on occasional finds of Tertiary pollen, as well

as on correlations with similar formations of the

Laki (Kroumovgrad) Group throughout the Rhodope region.The presence of Palaeogene sediments within the pre-Palaeogene

Pirin–Pangaion structural zone invalidates

the concept of a ‘Rhodope metamorphic core

complex’ that supposedly has undergone Palaeogene

amphibolite-facies regional metamorphism, and afterwards has

been exhumed by rapid crustal extension in

Late Oligocene–Miocene times along a regional detachment

surface. Other Palaeogene formations of pre-Priabonian

(Middle Eocene and/or Bartonian) or earliest Priabonian age

occur at the base of the Palaeogene

sections in the Mesta graben complex (Dobrinishka Formation)

and the Padesh basin (Souhostrel and

Komatinitsa formations). The deposition of coarse continental

sediments grading into marine formations

(Laki or Kroumovgrad Group) in the Rhodope region at the

beginning of the Palaeogene Period marks the

first intense fragmentation of the mid- to late Cretaceous

orogen, in particular, of the thickened body of the

Morava-Rhodope structural zone situated to the south of the

Srednogorie zone. The Srednogorie zone itself

was folded and uplifted in Late Cretaceous time, thus dividing

Palaeocene–Middle Eocene flysch of the

Louda Kamchiya trough to the north, from the newly formed East

Rhodope–West Thrace depression to the south.
Geochronology and palaeoenvironment of marine Quaternary
deposits in Denmark: new evidence from northern Jutland
Authors: SEJRUP H. P. , KNUDSEN K. L. 
Published: July 2002

The degree of isoleucine epimerization in the benthic foraminiferal species Elphidium excavatum
and Bulimina marginata have been measured in four boreholes, penetrating marine interglacial
beds, from northern Jutland. The results of these analyses are compiled with results obtained from
other sites in Denmark and the North Sea region, and four aminozones (AZs) have been erected. AZ1
(aIle/Ile < 0.05) include the Late Weichselian and the Holocene part of the record. AZ2 (0.08–0.12)
includes samples of last interglacial age. AZ3 (0.14–0.16) includes samples from sites that have been
previously correlated with the Holsteinian, and marine isotope stage 7 age for this zone is suggested.
An age close to 400±100 ka is assigned to AZ4 (0.21–0.26). AZ4 is recorded in corings at Skagen and
Nørre Lyngby, and includes the here defined Skagerrak Interglacial, which is tentatively correlated
with marine isotope stage 11.The Skagerrak Interglacial sediments are characterized by boreal lusitanian benthic foraminiferal
faunas evidencing strong input of Atlantic water to the North Sea. These faunas are replaced by
assemblages indicating cooler conditions at least twice during this period. The sedimentation pattern
in northern Jutland during this interglacial seems to be different from the sedimentation regimes in the
same area at the classical Eemian sites and during the Holocene, which were characterized by large
sediment input from the Jutland Current. This difference may be attributed to a change in the geometry
of the sedimentary basin through the later part of the Quaternary, which is a result of repeated
periods of intense erosion in the confluence area of the Norwegian Channel ice stream. A strong influx
of Atlantic water to the North Sea during stage 11 has been suggested earlier, based on records from
the Devil's Hole area. However, the correlation of this event to the classic biostratigraphic based
schemes of northwest Europe is still problematic.
POLITICAL THOUGHT, ELITES, AND THE
STATE IN MODERN BRITAIN
Authors: STAPLETON JULIA 
Published: July 2002

In general it seems to me a primary condition of national health
that there shall be free and
abundant contact between the most advanced culture and the masses, that
due pains shall be taken
‘to marshall well the ranks behind’, and keep the whole army
together. Where there is a great
residuum of ignorance and stupidity, everything is dragged down... But
if ever this contact was
needful it is now and here; for evidently what has put the finishing touch
to our confusion is the
fact that the residuum of ignorance and stupidity has become our master
and our judge... Just
when the religious tradition had been dethroned by scepticism, and the
constitutional tradition
by radicalism, a new sovereign was crowned who knew nothing of either.
Ignorance was
proclaimed king, and an authority set up.Before whose fell approach and secret might Art after art goes out, and all is night!It is well worth pondering Seeley's gloomy cultural assessment
delivered to the Ethical
Society of Cambridge a few years before his death in 1895. It is not so
much the
pessimism attendant upon the era of mass politics and society that is so
arresting. He was
quick to acknowledge a brighter, more hopeful prospect in the passage which
followed.
It is more the idea, so fervently expressed, that national life is best
served by the
existence of an intellectual elite whose abiding concern is to tend the
cultural well-being
of the less advanced majority – to furnish and communicate moral
truths, a vibrant
atmosphere of thought, and a body of ideas that would at once provide unity
and
direction to society as a whole. He was not alone in entertaining these
hopes, but instead
expressed a common outlook among the leading thinkers of his day: despite
very real
divisions in the intellectual elite centring on such questions as free
thought versus
religion, tradition versus radicalism, imperialism versus ‘little
Englandism’, all sought
a prominent role for intellectuals in defining the central ‘public’
values and identities
of their society through their scholarship and personal conduct alike.
Seasonal variation in response of winter cereals to
nitrogen fertilizer and apparent recovery of fertilizer
nitrogen on chalk soils in southern England
Authors: GRYLLS J. P. , WEBB J. , DYER C. J. 
Published: July 2002

From 1985 to 1987, 20 experiments were carried out on shallow chalk
soils, in which soil N reserves
were expected to be small, to assess seasonal variations in the response of
winter cereals to applied
fertilizer N, and to relate these responses to measurements of soil mineral
N (SMN), temperature and soil moisture deficits (SMD).Soil mineral N measured in autumn varied from 21 kg/ha (1986) to
73 kg/ha (1985), while SMN
in spring ranged from 19 kg/ha (1987) to 91 kg/ha (1985), these values
were typical of soils in long-term arable rotations. Estimates of apparent net
N mineralization (AM) during the growing season
were small at c. 26 kg/ha and suggested large seasonal variation.
The small AM is considered to be
due to the shallow topsoil drying out during the growing season. Whole crop
N offtake without
fertilizer N was only c. 40kg/ha. Crop N offtake, grain yield
without fertilizer N and AFR (apparent
recovery of fertilizer N) could not be reliably predicted by regression
on SMN in autumn, SMN in
spring or AM. Little or none of the variation in crop yield could be
accounted for by regression on
accumulated temperature over winter, maximum SMD in April to July or
mean temperature in April to July.Despite optimum grain yields being only moderate at 6·59 t/ha for
winter wheat and 6·78 t/ha for
winter barley, response to applied fertilizer N was large, between
3·77 and 5·38 t/ha. In consequence
the requirement for fertilizer N (c. 240–250 kg/ha) was also
large, but differed little between seasons.
This large requirement is concluded to be a result of limited fertilizer
recovery and mineralization of soil N during the growing season.