bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approaches towards the synthesis of a novel class of 2-amino-5-arylazonicotinate, pyridazinone and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents
Authors: Ibrahim Hamada Mohamed , Behbehani Haider , Elnagdi Mohamed H 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Despite significant progresses in antimicrobial therapy, infectious diseases caused by bacteria and fungi remain a major worldwide health problem because of the rapid development of resistance to existing antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, there is a constant need for new antimicrobial agents. There are a large number of heterocyclic derivatives containing nitrogen atoms that possess a broad spectrum of biological activities including pyridine and pyridazine, which are two of the most important heterocycles in medicinal chemistry.

Results
The reaction of 3-oxo-2-arylhydrazonopropanals 2 with ethyl cyanoacetate and malononitrile 3a,b has led to the formation of 2-amino-5-arylazo-6-aryl substituted nicotinates 8a-k as sole isolable products when the aryl group in the arylazo moiety was substituted with an electron-withdrawing group like Cl, Br, NO2. The pyridazinones 10 were formed from the same reaction when the arylazo moiety was phenyl or phenyl substituted with an electron-donating group. The 2-aminoazonicotinates 8 were condensed with DMF-DMA to afford the amidines 13a,b, which then were cyclized to afford the targeted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 15a,b, respectively. The structures of all new substances prepared in this investigation were determined by using X-ray crystallographic analysis and spectroscopic methods. Most of the synthesized compounds were tested and evaluated as antimicrobial agents and the results indicated that many of the obtained compounds exhibited high antimicrobial activity comparable to ampicillin, which was used as the reference compound.

Conclusion
A general rule for the synthesis of 2-amino-5-arylazo-6-aryl substituted nicotinic acid and pyridazinone was established using 3-oxo-2-arylhydrazonopropanal as a precursor. Moreover, a novel route to pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine was achieved. Most of the synthesized compounds were found to exhibit strong inhibitory effects on the growth of Gram-positive bacteria especially Bacillus subtilis. Compounds 1a, 8a-h, 10a-c, 15b and 16 showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis.
Systemic administration of 3-bromopyruvate reveals its interaction with serum proteins in a rat model
Authors: Kunjithapatham Rani , Geschwind Jean-Francois H , Rao Pramod P , Boronina Tatiana N , Cole Robert N , Ganapathy-Kanniappan Shanmugasundaram 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) is a glycolytic inhibitor that affects cancer cells by targeting energy metabolism. Preclinical reports have established that a 1.75 mM dose of 3-BrPA is effective and sufficient to inhibit tumor growth when administered under a loco-regional approach (intraarterial and intratumoral). This loco-regional therapeutic dose was found to be nontoxic when given systemically as well. Yet, the mechanism underlying this lack of toxicity of 1.75 mM 3-BrPA during systemic delivery is unknown. Here, we investigated the mechanism associated with the lack of organ toxicity when 1.75 mM 3-BrPA was administered systemically using radiolabeled (14C)-3-BrPA in Sprague–Dawley rats.

Findings
Data obtained from tissue-autoradiography of rats infused with 14C-3-BrPA showed strong 14C-signal in tissue sections of various organs except the brain corroborating that 3-BrPA does not cross the blood–brain barrier. Significantly, Hematoxylin & Eosin staining and apoptosis assay of tissue sections positive for 14C-signal showed no signs of toxicity or apoptosis. Convincingly, the 14C-signal observed in tissue-autoradiography emanates from 3-BrPA that is non-reactive or non-toxic, hence we further investigated whether the lack of toxicity is due to its interaction or alkylation with serum components. Analysis of serum proteins by 1D and 2D-gel electrophoretic autoradiography showed that 14C-BrPA selectively binds to peptides of molecular mass ~50-60 kDa. Mass spectrometry data suggested that 14C-BrPA could interact with alpha1-antitrypsin and a peptide of albuminoid-family.

Conclusion
Our data indicate that selective interaction of 3-BrPA with serum proteins could contribute to the apparent lack of tissue-toxicity at the indicated close when the drug is given systematically in Sprague–Dawley rats.
Hydride Reductions of Transition Metal Oxides
Authors: Yamamoto Takafumi , Kageyama Hiroshi 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Low-temperature reactions are a powerful approach to generate new transition metal oxides that are inaccessible by conventional high-temperature reactions. In this review, we describe the recent progress of the topochemical reduction method using metal hydrides for transition metal oxides, in particular, focusing on structural modifications (relations), chemical and physical properties, and the factors that direct selective and rational preparations. The hydride reduction has been so far extensively applied to 3d transition metal perovskite oxides, yielding highly reduced products with unusual coordination environment (e.g., FeO4 square-planar coordination), and extremely low-valent metal centers (e.g., Mn(I) and Co(I)). Non-perovskite oxides like pyrochlore and hexagonal perovskite can be also reduced. Moreover, this method allows access to oxyhydride materials (LaSrCoO3H0.7 and BaTiO3−xHx) that are promising for use as hydride ion conductors. Morphology-controlled oxides (thin film- and nano-oxides) are useful targets for hydride reduction, opening new possibilities for extending functions.
The fool’s journey and poisonous mushrooms
Authors: Benjamin Adam 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article has arisen out of a pleasure in the abundance and unexpectedness of the lived experience and its connectivity with the performative experience. It is written in a spirit that acknowledges the need to reflect while accepting the inherent impossibility of language to adequately capture the immediacy of the improviser’s world, a world in which acausal connections subvert the seriousness of the research imperative. The writing intentionally blurs the line between the physical practice and the teaching of improvisation, the lived and the written experience, through a consideration of pattern and coincidence. I aim to reflect on the relationship of improvisation as it is taught and performed and it’s perceived connection to everyday life. The word aim here is important, in that improvisation refuses to be neatly categorized or pinned down, and while I attempt to draw some conclusions about how the recognition of pattern may be a pointer towards certain human qualities, the enquiry remains open ended, spiracular.
A meeting place: Translating Ben Wright’s Passing Strange and Wonderful to the screen
Authors: Zanotti Marisa 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article is an idea for screen collaboration that places at its centre not spectacle but corporeality as well as being a reflection on the process of translation to the screen of UK choreographer Ben Wrights’ duet Passing Strange and Wonderful (2007).1 The image that tries to show us how we experience the surface of space through skin, or of the difference between glancing contact and full body impact, is trying to bring the viewer closer to the dancer’s experience, not by showing what she sees, but what she senses. The writing explores Brannigan’s idea of a corporeal mise-en-scène (2011) and suggests a meeting place for the choreographer and the film-maker where we might begin the process of translation from live to screen by asking what we know about the experience of dancing, of space and of the body and what we might discover through creating images of this knowledge.
A Simple Bargaining Procedure for the Myerson Value
Authors: Navarro Noemí , Perea Andres 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe consider situations where the cooperation and negotiation possibilities between pairs of agents are given by an undirected graph. Every connected component of agents has a value, which is the total surplus the agents can generate by working together. We present a simple, sequential, bilateral bargaining procedure, in which at every stage the two agents in a link, (i,j) bargain about their share from cooperation in the connected component they are part of. We show that this procedure yields the Myerson value (Myerson, 1997) if the marginal value of any link in a connected component is increasing in the number of links in that connected component.
The integration of the detection of systemic sclerosis-associated antibodies in a routine laboratory setting: comparison of different strategies
Authors: Bonroy Carolien , Smith Vanessa , Van Steendam Katleen , Van Praet Jens , Deforce Dieter , Devreese Katrien , De Keyser Filip 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background: Detection of systemic sclerosis-associated autoantibodies (SSc-Ab) is mostly restricted to anti-centromere and anti-topoisomerase-I. However, anti-RNA-polymerase-III and anti-PM/Scl are also important diagnostic markers for the disease supporting their incorporation in the laboratory repertoire. The aim of this study was to compare different testing strategies integrating the identification of these extra SSc-Ab in a routine testing algorithm.

Methods: Sera from 144 consecutive SSc-patients and 265 controls were screened for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by indirect immunofluorescence (ANA IIF) and tested for anti-extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) using five different assays that differ in their ability to detect SSc-Ab [two screening enzyme immunossays (EIA) with antigen mixtures, one multi-parameter line-immunoassay and two EIA with individual antigens].

Results: The application of SSc-Ab testing in cascade with the routine ANA/anti-ENA tests improved diagnostic performance characteristics. Besides the type of algorithm, also the number of antigens included in the screening EIA as well as the expected patient/control ratio, influenced the average expected costs and the number of additional SSc-Ab tests to be performed. In laboratories with an expected patient/control ratio of 0.002, cascade testing was most exploited by the use of a screening EIA that included all SSc-Ab as a secondary test after ANA IIF.

Conclusions: Restriction of the performance of additional SSc-Ab assays based on the results of prior ANA/anti-ENA tests is a cost-effective strategy allowing optimized use of laboratory resources with minimal loss in diagnostic capacity.
Congruence in demersal fish, macroinvertebrate, and macroalgal community turnover on shallow temperate reefs
Authors: Thomson Russell J. , Hill Nicole A. , Leaper Rebecca , Ellis Nick , Pitcher C. Roland , Barrett Neville S. , J. Edgar Graham 
Published: July 2013

To support coastal planning through improved understanding of patterns of biotic and abiotic surrogacy at broad scales, we used gradient forest modeling (GFM) to analyze and predict spatial patterns of compositional turnover of demersal fishes, macroinvertebrates, and macroalgae on shallow, temperate Australian reefs. Predictive models were first developed using environmental surrogates with estimates of prediction uncertainty, and then the efficacy of the three assemblages as biosurrogates for each other was assessed.Data from underwater visual surveys of subtidal rocky reefs were collected from the southeastern coastline of continental Australia (including South Australia and Victoria) and the northern coastline of Tasmania. These data were combined with 0.01°‐resolution gridded environmental variables to develop statistical models of compositional turnover (beta diversity) using GFM. GFM extends the machine learning, ensemble tree‐based method of random forests (RF), to allow the simultaneous modeling of multiple taxa. The models were used to generate predictions of compositional turnover for each of the three assemblages within unsurveyed areas across the 6600 km of coastline in the region of interest.The most important predictor for all three assemblages was variability in sea surface temperature (measured as standard deviation from measures taken interannually). Spatial predictions of compositional turnover within unsurveyed areas across the region of interest were remarkably congruent across the three taxa. However, the greatest uncertainty in these predictions varied in location among the different assemblages. Pairwise congruency comparisons of observed and predicted turnover among the three assemblages showed that invertebrate and macroalgal biodiversity were most similar, followed by fishes and macroalgae, and lastly fishes and invertebrate biodiversity, suggesting that of the three assemblages, macroalgae would make the best biosurrogate for both invertebrate and fish compositional turnover.
Randomized Clinical Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of Four Professional At-home Tooth Whitening Gels
Authors: de la Peña V Alonso , Ratón M López 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARY

Objective
This randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of four gels of differing concentrations used for at-home vital bleaching.

Materials and Methods
Ninety-six volunteers participated in the study and were divided into four groups of 24 individuals. A gel of differing concentration was used for each group: 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide and 7.5% and 9.5% hydrogen peroxide. The patients used the whitening agent in a tray without reservoirs for one hour per day for two weeks. The measurement of the change in tooth color was made by two observers in the maxillary right central incisor and with a colorimeter in both upper central incisors and canines, using the CIE L*a*b* and CIE L*C*h* values. Sensitivity was evaluated by the participants on a scale with values as follows: 0 = absent, 1 = minor, 2 = moderate, 3 = considerable, 4 = severe.

Results
At the baseline, the observers noted darker colors than the colorimeter (p&lt;0.01), and there were differences between incisors and canines in all the CIE L*a*b* and CIE L*C*h* values (p&lt;0.001). In all of the groups and for all of the CIE L*a*b* and CIE L*C*h* parameters, there were color changes in the assessments made in the four maxillary teeth after treatment (p&lt;0.001). There were no differences in ΔL* and ΔE* between the groups. The number of patients who experienced sensitivity and the intensity of the sensitivity were not significant.

Conclusions
There were no differences in the degree of whitening among the different products. With all of the products there was an increase in L*, a decrease in chromatic intensity (C*), and an increase in the value (tone) or hue (h*).
Operator inequalities of Jensen type
Authors: Moslehian M. S. , Mićić J. , Kian M. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract We present some generalized Jensen type operator inequalities involving sequences of self-adjoint operators. Among other things, we prove that if f : [0;1) → ℝ is a continuous convex function with f(0) ≤ 0, thenfor all operators Ci such that (i=1 , ... , n) for some scalar M ≥ 0, where and
Central auditory development in children with hearing impairment
Authors: Sharma Anu , Glick Hannah , Campbell Julia , Biever Allison 
Published: July 2013

Objective:
We review the development and plasticity of the central auditory pathways in infants and children with hearing loss who are fitted with cochlear implants (CIs). Secondly, we describe case studies demonstrating the clinical utility of the P1 central auditory evoked potential (CAEP) for evaluating cortical auditory maturation in the rapidly increasing number of cochlear-implanted children who have multiple disabilities.

Study design:
Children who receive CIs provide a platform to examine the trajectories of deprivation-induced and experience-dependent plasticity in the central auditory system. We review the evidence for, and time-limits of, sensitive periods for cortical auditory maturation framing an optimal period for cochlear implantation. Finally, we evaluate the use of the P1 biomarker as an objective assessment tool in the special case of children with multiple disabilities.

Results:
The P1 response was useful in assessing central auditory maturation in patients with CHARGE association, ANSD, and Pallister-Killian syndrome concomitant with hearing loss.

Conclusion:
The presence of coexisting disabilities in addition to hearing loss poses unique challenges regarding both pre-intervention evaluation and post-intervention rehabilitation for children with multiple disabilities. When combined with a standard audiological test battery, the P1 CAEP biomarker has a useful role in objectively evaluating the maturation of central auditory pathways to determine the effectiveness of various intervention strategies in hearing-impaired children with multiple disabilities.
Rewriting Distance: Bridging the Space between Dramaturg and Dancer
Authors: Muneroni Stefano , Cools Guy 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT: ”Rewriting Distance: Bridging the Gap between Dramaturg and Dancer’ examines a recent collaboration between Lin Snelling, Guy Cools, and Stefano Muneroni in which the three participants tested how writing can be an integral part of the dramaturgical process. During an intensive workshop in 2012, the participants explored the effectiveness of writing as a dramaturgical tool when writing develops simultaneously to dancing, and how the two activities meaningfully affect each other in the creation of a movement piece. The three collaborators took turns occupying the roles of ”performer’, ”writer’, and ”observer’ and in so doing they experienced how writing and dancing shape each other when they develop together during rehearsal, and, even more importantly, how they foster a strong interdisciplinary collaboration by blending the role of the dramaturg and that of the dancer. By bridging the gap existing between the functions of the dramaturg and those of the dancer, Rewriting Distance constructed a non-hierarchical space and showed new critical avenues to reconfigure the working relationship between dramaturgs and dancers.
Wheat Production Simulation Based on the ALMANAC Model of North China Region
Authors: Rong Liming , Zhang Chengliang , Zhang Xuexia , Wu Shineng , Wang Zijun 
Published: July 2013

<p>Wheat (<em>Triticumaestivum</em>) is one of the world's three major food crops, whose production is related to regional food security issues. Studies have shown that technological progress and climate change have a significant impact on wheat yield. We selected North China region as the study site because it is the main producer of wheat and because it experiences active climate change. Using the Agricultural Land Management Alternatives with Numerical Assessment Criteriamodel and statistical analysis method, the following factors were considered to determine the dominant factor that affects wheat production: temperature, precipitation, sunshine, and other climatic factors, mechanical power, irrigation area, chemical fertilizer amount, reservoir total storage capacity, and other technical factors.Results showed that wheat productionis affected by both climatic and non-climatic factors in North China region. Increased temperature has a positive impact on wheat production, whereas reduceds unshine has a negative effect. Warm and dry climate trends areconducive to wheat production. Mechanical tillage and fertilization, irrigation, and water conditions are conducive to the production of wheat, among which water condition has the most significant effect onwheat yield improvement. Compared withthe effects of climaticfactors, those of technical factors are more obvious and direct. In the premise of guaranteed technical conditions, the impactof climate changeonwheat production is more evidentindeveloped areas. Underdeveloped areas of wheat production are more dependent on technological progress; in particular, they rely on the use of chemical fertilizers.</p><p> </p>
Lead core heating in lead rubber bearings subjected to bidirectional ground motion excitations in various soil types
Authors: Ozdemir Gokhan 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the response of lead rubber bearings (LRBs) under bidirectional earthquake excitations when lead core heating effect is of concern. For this purpose, a series of nonlinear response history analyses were conducted with a bilinear force‐deformation relation for LRBs. In the considered bilinear representation, the strength of LRBs deteriorates because of lead core heating under cyclic motions. Response of LRBs was studied in terms of maximum isolator displacements (MIDs) and maximum lead core temperature as a function of isolator characteristics (characteristic strength to weight ratio, Q/W, and post‐yield isolation period, T). Nonlinear response history analyses were performed using two sets of ground motions clustered according to their soil classifications. To quantify the interacted effects of coupled analysis and lead core heating on MID, unidirectional analyses were also performed. Furthermore, the efficacy of equivalent lateral force procedure in estimating the MID of LRBs was also tested for the cases in which temperature‐dependent behavior of LRBs was considered. The results demonstrate that the temperature rises in the lead core of LRBs in bidirectional analyses are approximately 50% higher than that of unidirectional ones. It decreases with increasing Q/W ratio and T. It is also revealed that equivalent lateral force procedure gives close estimations for MID with some overestimation even for temperature‐dependent behavior of LRBs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parent–Therapist Alliance in Family‐Based Treatment for Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Forsberg Sarah , LoTempio Elizabeth , Bryson Susan , Fitzpatrick Kathleen Kara , Le Grange Daniel , Lock James 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the role of parent alliance in Family‐Based Treatment (FBT) for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). Differences between parent and child alliance with the therapist, mothers' and fathers' alliance, and their relationship to outcome were examined.MethodIndependent observers rated audiotapes of early therapy sessions to assess the therapeutic alliance of parents and adolescents with AN in FBT. Outcome was defined using a previously established cut‐point for recovery from AN.ResultsMothers' and fathers' alliance scores with the therapist were similar and significantly higher than adolescent alliance scores early in treatment. Combined parent alliance did not predict recovery at the end of treatment. Difference in alliance scores between mothers and fathers, and parents and their child also did not predict recovery at the end of treatment.ConclusionsIn FBT, parents developed a strong alliance with the therapist early in treatment. These scores were consistent with the focus in FBT on parental management of eating disorder symptoms, as was the fact that alliance between adolescents and therapists was lower. Although parental therapeutic alliance was likely important in FBT, its role in treatment response remains uncertain. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.