bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal improvement of the porous system through numerical solution of nanofluid under the existence of activation energy and Lorentz force
Authors: Nazeer Mubbashar , Usman Rafiq Muhammad , Islam Saba 
Published: July 2024

Background: The important physical phenomenon under the action of microgravity is called Marangoni convection. This convection occurs due to the surface tension gradient of the interface, which has various applications, such as crystal growth melt. Objective: This research aims to explore the effects of heat radiation, heat generation, viscous dissipation, and activation energy on the Marangoni flow of nanofluids. The development of the mathematical model takes into account the activation energy and uniform liquid properties. The Darcy–Forchheimer model is also used to emphasize the influence of porous media parameters. Method: The numerical algorithm of the shooting method based on Newton’s Raphson method is developed in MATLAB and used to find the numerical solution of the obtained equations. Findings: The temperature field is enhanced by thermophoresis parameters, Brownian motion parameters, Schmitt number, and magnetic number, but decreases in the range where the Marangoni ratio increases. The Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are increased and decreased via the Marangoni ratio parameter, respectively. Research gap: The numerical solution of the Marangoni flow of nanofluids in a porous medium under the effects of heat radiation, heat generation, viscous dissipation, and activation energy was not discussed before.
Improving Collection and Analysis of Overall Survival Data
Authors: Rodriguez Lisa R. , Gormley Nicole J. , Lu Ruixiao , Amatya Anup K. , Demetri George D. , Flaherty Keith T. , Mesa Ruben A. , Pazdur Richard , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Shan Minghua , Snapinn Steven , Theoret Marc R. , Umoja Rukiya , Vallejo Jonathon , Warren Nicholas J.H. , Xu Qing , Anderson Kenneth C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Advances in anticancer therapies have provided crucial benefits for millions of patients who are living long and fulfilling lives. Although these successes should be celebrated, there is certainly room to continue improving cancer care. Increased long-term survival presents additional challenges for determining whether new therapies further extend patients’ lives through clinical trials, commonly known as the gold standard endpoint of overall survival (OS). As a result, an increasing reliance is observed on earlier efficacy endpoints, which may or may not correlate with OS, to continue the timely pace of translating innovation into novel therapies available for patients. Even when not powered as an efficacy endpoint, OS remains a critical indication of safety for regulatory decisions and is a key aspect of the FDA’s Project Endpoint. Unfortunately, in the pursuit of earlier endpoints, many registrational clinical trials lack adequate planning, collection, and analysis of OS data, which complicates interpretation of a net clinical benefit or harm. This article shares best practices, proposes novel statistical methodologies, and provides detailed recommendations to improve the rigor of using OS data to inform benefit–risk assessments, including incorporating the following in clinical trials intending to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of cancer therapy: prospective collection of OS data, establishment of fit-for-purpose definitions of OS detriment, and prespecification of analysis plans for using OS data to evaluate for potential harm. These improvements hold promise to help regulators, patients, and providers better understand the benefits and risks of novel therapies.
Update on Genetic Counselor Practice and Recommendations for Pediatric Cancer Predisposition Evaluation and Surveillance
Authors: Zelley Kristin , Schienda Jaclyn , Gallinger Bailey , Kohlmann Wendy K. , McGee Rose B. , Scollon Sarah R. , Schneider Kami Wolfe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In July 2023, the American Association for Cancer Research held the second Childhood Cancer Predisposition Workshop, at which international experts in pediatric cancer predisposition met to update the previously published 2017 consensus statements on pediatric cancer predisposition syndromes. Since 2017, advances in tumor and germline genetic testing and increased understanding of cancer predisposition in patients with pediatric cancer have led to significant changes in clinical care. Here, we provide an updated genetic counseling framework for pediatric oncology professionals. The framework includes referral indications and timing, somatic and germline genetic testing options, testing for adult-onset cancer predisposition syndromes in children with and without cancer, evolving genetic counseling models to meet the increased demand for genetic testing, barriers to cancer genetic testing and surveillance in children, and psychosocial and equity considerations regarding cancer genetic testing and surveillance in children. Adaptable genetic counseling services are needed to provide support to pediatric oncology provider teams and diverse patients with pediatric cancer, cancer predisposition, and their families.
Targeting Tumor-Associated Sialic Acids Using Chimeric Switch Receptors Based on Siglec-9 Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of Engineered T Cells
Authors: Eisenberg Vasyl , Hoogi Shiran , Katzman Erel , Ben Haim Nimrod , Zur-Toledano Raphaelle , Radman Maria , Reboh Yishai , Zadok Oranit , Kamer Iris , Bar Jair , Sagi Irit , Hendel Ayal , Cohen Cyrille J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cancer exploits different mechanisms to escape T-cell immunosurveillance, including overexpression of checkpoint ligands, secretion of immunosuppressive molecules, and aberrant glycosylation. Herein, we report that IFNγ, a potent immunomodulator secreted in the tumor microenvironment, can induce α2,6 hypersialylation in cancer cell lines derived from various histologies. We focused on Siglec-9, a receptor for sialic acid moieties, and demonstrated that the Siglec-9+ T-cell population displayed reduced effector function. We speculated that Siglec-9 in primary human T cells can act as a checkpoint molecule and demonstrated that knocking out Siglec-9 using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system enhanced the functionality of primary human T cells. Finally, we aimed to augment cancer-specific T-cell activity by taking advantage of tumor hypersialylation. Thus, we designed several Siglec-9–based chimeric switch receptors (CSR), which included an intracellular moiety derived from costimulatory molecules (CD28/41BB) and different hinge regions. In an antigen-specific context, T cells transduced with Siglec-9 CSRs demonstrated increased cytokine secretions and upregulation of activation markers. Moreover, T cells equipped with specific Siglec-9 CSRs mediated robust antitumor activity in a xenograft model of human tumors. Overall, this work sheds light on tumor evasion mechanisms mediated by sialylated residues and exemplifies an approach to improve engineered T cell–based cancer treatment.
See related Spotlight by Abken, p. 1310
One-Year Outcomes of Transseptal Mitral Valve-in-Valve in Intermediate Surgical Risk Patients
Authors: Malaisrie S. Chris , Guerrero Mayra , Davidson Charles , Williams Mathew , de Brito Fábio Sândoli , Abizaid Alexandre , Shah Pinak , Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Poon Karl , Levisay Justin , Yu Xiao , Pibarot Philippe , Hahn Rebecca T. , Blanke Philipp , Leon Martin B. , Mack Michael J. , Zajarias Alan ,   on behalf of the PARTNER 3 Mitral Valve-in-Valve Study Investigators
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve replacement offers a less-invasive alternative for high-risk patients with bioprosthetic valve failure. Limited experience exists in intermediate-risk patients. We aim to evaluate 1-year outcomes of the PARTNER 3 mitral valve-in-valve study.

METHODS:
This prospective, single-arm, multicenter study enrolled symptomatic patients with a failing mitral bioprosthesis demonstrating greater than or equal to moderate stenosis and regurgitation and Society of Thoracic Surgeons score ≥3% and <8%. A balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valve (SAPIEN 3, Edwards Lifesciences) was used via a transeptal approach. The primary end point was the composite of all-cause mortality and stroke at 1 year.

RESULTS:
A total of 50 patients from 12 sites underwent mitral valve-in-valve from 2018 to 2021. The mean age was 70.1±9.7 years, mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score was 4.1%±1.6%, and 54% were female. There were no primary end point events (mortality or stroke) through 1 year, and no left-ventricular outflow tract obstruction, endocarditis, or mitral valve reintervention was reported. Six patients (12%) required rehospitalization, including heart failure (n=2), minor procedural side effects (n=2), and valve thrombosis (n=2; both resolved with anticoagulation). An additional valve thrombosis was associated with no significant clinical sequelae. From baseline to 1 year, all subjects with available data had none/trace or mild (grade 1+) mitral regurgitation and the New York Heart Association class improved in 87.2% (41/47) of patients.

CONCLUSIONS:
Mitral valve-in-valve with a balloon-expandable valve via transseptal approach in intermediate-risk patients was associated with improved symptoms and quality of life, adequate transcatheter valve performance, and no mortality or stroke at 1-year follow-up.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03193801.
HERMES-24 Score Derivation and Validation for Simple and Robust Outcome Prediction After Large Vessel Occlusion Treatment
Authors: Tanaka Koji , Brown Scott , Goyal Mayank , Menon Bijoy K. , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Mitchell Peter J. , Jovin Tudor G. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Muir Keith W. , White Phil M. , Bracard Serge , Guillemin Francis , Roos Yvo B.W.E.M. , van Zwam Wim H. , Najm Mohamed , Dowlatshahi Dar , Hill Michael D. , Demchuk Andrew M. ,   on behalf of the HERMES Collaborators
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Clinicians need simple and highly predictive prognostic scores to assist practical decision-making. We aimed to develop a simple outcome prediction score applied 24 hours after anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke treatment with endovascular thrombectomy and validate it in patients treated both with and without endovascular thrombectomy.

METHODS:
Using the HERMES (Highly Effective Reperfusion Evaluated in Multiple Endovascular Stroke Trials) collaboration data set (n=1764), patients in the endovascular thrombectomy arm were divided randomly into a derivation cohort (n=430) and a validation cohort (n=441). From a set of candidate predictors, logistic regression modeling using forward variable selection was used to select a model that was both parsimonious and highly predictive for modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤2 at 90 days. The score was validated in validation cohort, control arm (n=893), and external validation cohorts from the ESCAPE-NA1 (Efficacy and Safety of Nerinetide for the Treatment of Acute Ischaemic Stroke; n=1066) and INTERRSeCT (Identifying New Approaches to Optimize Thrombus Characterization for Predicting Early Recanalization and Reperfusion With IV Alteplase and Other Treatments Using Serial CT Angiography; n=614).

RESULTS:
In the derivation cohort, we selected 2 significant predictors of mRS ≤2 (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at 24 hours and age [β-coefficient, 0.34 and 0.06]) and derived the HERMES-24 score: age (years)/10+National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at 24 hours. The HERMES-24 score was highly predictive for mRS ≤2 (c-statistic 0.907 [95% CI, 0.879–0.935]) in the derivation cohort. In the validation cohort and the control arm, the HERMES-24 score predicts mRS ≤2 (c-statistic, 0.914 [95% CI, 0.886–0.944] and 0.909 [95% CI, 0.887–0.930]). Observed provability of mRS ≤2 ranged between 3.1% and 3.4% when HERMES-24 score ≥25, while it ranged between 90.6% and 93.0% when HERMES-24 score <10 in the derivation cohort, validation cohort, and control arm. The HERMES-24 score also showed c-statistics of 0.894 and 0.889 for mRS ≤2 in the ESCAPE-NA1 and INTERRSeCT populations.

CONCLUSIONS:
The post-treatment HERMES-24 score is a simple validated score that predicts a 3-month outcome after anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke regardless of intervention, which helps prognostic discussion with families on day 2.
Interhospital Transfer for Endovascular Stroke Treatment in Canada: Results From the OPTIMISE Registry
Authors: Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Poppe Alexandre , Swartz Rick H. , Mandzia Jennifer , Catanese Luciana , Shankar Jai , Yip Samuel , Verreault Steve , Medvedev George , Maran Ilavarasy , Legault Catherine , Ferguson Darren , Archer Brian , Bharatha Aditya , Volders David , Kelly Michael , Carpani Federico , Pikula Aleksandra , Tkach Alexander , Moreau Francois , Beaudry Michel , Appireddy Ramana , Deshmukh Aviraj , Almekhlafi Mohammed , Fahed Robert , Kamal Noreen , Menon Bijoy , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Williams Heather , Yu Amy Y.X. , Heran Manraj K.S. , Hill Michael D. , Sharma Mukul , Earl Karen , Demchuk Andrew M. , Stotts Grant 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Interhospital transfer for patients with stroke due to large vessel occlusion for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has been associated with treatment delays.

METHODS:
We analyzed data from Optimizing Patient Treatment in Major Ischemic Stroke With EVT, a quality improvement registry to support EVT implementation in Canada. We assessed for unadjusted differences in baseline characteristics, time metrics, and procedural outcomes between patients with large vessel occlusion transferred for EVT and those directly admitted to an EVT-capable center.

RESULTS:
Between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021, a total of 6803 patients received EVT at 20 participating centers (median age, 73 years; 50% women; and 50% treated with intravenous thrombolysis). Patients transferred for EVT (n=3376) had lower rates of M2 occlusion (22% versus 27%) and higher rates of basilar occlusion (9% versus 5%) compared with those patients presenting directly at an EVT-capable center (n=3373). Door-to-needle times were shorter in patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis before transfer compared with those presenting directly to an EVT center (32 versus 36 minutes). Patients transferred for EVT had shorter door-to-arterial access times (37 versus 87 minutes) but longer last seen normal-to-arterial access times (322 versus 181 minutes) compared with those presenting directly to an EVT-capable center. No differences in arterial access-to-reperfusion times, successful reperfusion rates (85% versus 86%), or adverse periprocedural events were found between the 2 groups. Patients transferred to EVT centers had a similar likelihood for good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2; 41% versus 43%; risk ratio, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.88–1.01]; adjusted risk ratio, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.91–1.05]) and a higher risk for all-cause mortality at 90 days (29% versus 25%; risk ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.05–1.27]; adjusted risk ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.03–1.28]) compared with patients presenting directly to an EVT center.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients transferred for EVT experience significant delays from the time they were last seen normal to the initiation of EVT.
Effect of Stroke Etiology on Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar-Artery Occlusion: A Post Hoc Analysis of the ATTENTION Randomized Trial
Authors: Yuan Guangxiong , Nguyen Thanh N. , Liu Lei , Li Rui , Xia Hong , Long Chen , Wu Junxiong , Xu Jun , Huang Feng , He Bo , Wu Derong , Wang Hailing , Feng Can , Liang Yong , Zhou Xianghong , Xiao Zhenhua , Luo Li , Hu Yanjuan , Liu Bin , Peng Weibo , Zhang Chao , Cui Tao , Zhao Gaoshan , Xu Lihua , Ma Gaoting , Hu Wei ,   for the ATTENTION Investigators
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Stroke etiology could influence the outcomes in patients with basilar-artery occlusion (BAO). This study aimed to evaluate the differences in efficacy and safety of best medical treatment (BMT) plus endovascular treatment (EVT) versus BMT alone in acute BAO across different stroke etiologies.

METHODS:
The study was a post hoc analysis of the ATTENTION trial (Trial of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Basilar-Artery Occlusion), which was a multicenter, randomized trial at 36 centers in China from February 2021 to September 2022. Patients with acute BAO were classified into 3 groups according to stroke etiology (large-artery atherosclerosis [LAA], cardioembolism, and undetermined cause/other determined cause [UC/ODC]). The primary outcome was a favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–3) at 90 days. Safety outcomes included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 90-day mortality.

RESULTS:

A total of 340 patients with BAO were included, 150 (44.1%) had LAA, 72 (21.2%) had cardioembolism, and 118 (34.7%) had UC/ODC. For patients treated with BMT plus EVT and BMT alone, respectively, the rate of favorable outcome at 90 days was 49.1% and 23.8% in the LAA group (odds ratio, 3.08 [95% CI, 1.38–6.89]); 52.2% and 30.8% in the cardioembolism group (odds ratio, 2.45 [95% CI, 0.89–6.77]); and 37.5% and 17.4% in the UC/ODC group (odds ratio, 2.85 [95% CI, 1.16–7.01]), with
P
=0.89 for the stroke etiology×treatment interaction. The rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in EVT-treated patients with LAA, cardioembolism, and UC/ODC was 8.3%, 2.2%, and 3.2%, respectively, and none of the BMT-treated patients. Lower 90-day mortality was observed in patients with EVT compared with BMT alone across 3 etiology groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among patients with acute BAO, EVT compared with BMT alone might be associated with favorable outcomes and lower 90-day mortality, regardless of cardioembolism, LAA, or UC/ODC etiologies. The influence of stroke etiology on the benefit of EVT should be explored by further trials.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04751708.
Functional connectivity across the human subcortical auditory system using an autoregressive matrix-Gaussian copula graphical model approach with partial correlations
Authors: Chandra Noirrit Kiran , Sitek Kevin R. , Chandrasekaran Bharath , Sarkar Abhra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The auditory system comprises multiple subcortical brain structures that process and refine incoming acoustic signals along the primary auditory pathway. Due to technical limitations of imaging small structures deep inside the brain, most of our knowledge of the subcortical auditory system is based on research in animal models using invasive methodologies. Advances in ultrahigh-field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquisition have enabled novel noninvasive investigations of the human auditory subcortex, including fundamental features of auditory representation such as tonotopy and periodotopy. However, functional connectivity across subcortical networks is still underexplored in humans, with ongoing development of related methods. Traditionally, functional connectivity is estimated from fMRI data with full correlation matrices. However, partial correlations reveal the relationship between two regions after removing the effects of all other regions, reflecting more direct connectivity. Partial correlation analysis is particularly promising in the ascending auditory system, where sensory information is passed in an obligatory manner, from nucleus to nucleus up the primary auditory pathway, providing redundant but also increasingly abstract representations of auditory stimuli. While most existing methods for learning conditional dependency structures based on partial correlations assume independently and identically Gaussian distributed data, fMRI data exhibit significant deviations from Gaussianity as well as high-temporal autocorrelation. In this paper, we developed an autoregressive matrix-Gaussian copula graphical model (ARMGCGM) approach to estimate the partial correlations and thereby infer the functional connectivity patterns within the auditory system while appropriately accounting for autocorrelations between successive fMRI scans. Our results show strong positive partial correlations between successive structures in the primary auditory pathway on each side (left and right), including between auditory midbrain and thalamus, and between primary and associative auditory cortex. These results are highly stable when splitting the data in halves according to the acquisition schemes and computing partial correlations separately for each half of the data, as well as across cross-validation folds. In contrast, full correlation-based analysis identified a rich network of interconnectivity that was not specific to adjacent nodes along the pathway. Overall, our results demonstrate that unique functional connectivity patterns along the auditory pathway are recoverable using novel connectivity approaches and that our connectivity methods are reliable across multiple acquisitions.
Longitudinal Analysis of Cancer Family Caregiver Perception of Sleep Difficulty During Home Hospice
Authors: Hull William , Donaldson Gary , Cloyes Kristin G. , Ellington Lee , Lee Kathryn , Mooney Kathleen 
Published: July 2024

Background Sleep difficulty in caregivers is associated with poor physical and psychological outcomes. The purpose of this study was to describe family caregivers’ perception of sleep difficulty through the hospice trajectory after a cancer diagnosis as predicted by age, sex, self-report of anxiety or depression, and cohabitation. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of longitudinal data using multilevel modeling with nested model comparisons. Beginning with an unconditional growth model, predictors were added to nested models to test differential impact. Results Caregivers (n = 164) were predominately white (n = 160; 97%) and female (n = 113, 69%). We hypothesized that age, sex, history of anxiety or depression, and cohabitation would predict sleep difficulty. The cohabitation predictor model was a statistically significant model for caregiver perception of sleep difficulty that worsened throughout hospice caregiving ( b = .184, [Formula: see text]2 = 7.199, P = 0.027) but age, sex, and history of depression or anxiety did not improve model fit. Conclusion Our findings indicate that family caregivers who cohabitate exhibit increased perception of sleep difficulty over the course of hospice. Future studies and interventions for hospice family caregivers’ sleep should consider cohabitation between the patient and the caregiver as a significant predictor of sleep difficulty to observe and potentially mediate the negative outcomes associated with caregiver sleep difficulty. Further, determining the underlying reasons for sleep difficulty in cohabitation (e.g., patient symptoms or treatments) should be explored.
Efferent pathways from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the horizontal limbs of diagonal band promote NREM sleep during the dark phase in mice
Authors: Chen Lei , Chen Changfeng , Jin Qiaoling , Liang Yue , Wu Jian , Zhang Pingping , Cheng Juan , Wang Liecheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe regulation of circadian rhythms and the sleep–wake states involves in multiple neural circuits. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a circadian pacemaker that controls the rhythmic oscillation of mammalian behaviors. The basal forebrain (BF) is a critical brain region of sleep–wake regulation, which is the downstream of the SCN. Retrograde tracing of cholera toxin subunit B showed a direct projection from the SCN to the horizontal limbs of diagonal band (HDB), a subregion of the BF. However, the underlying function of the SCN–HDB pathway remains poorly understood. Herein, activation of this pathway significantly increased non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep during the dark phase by using optogenetic recordings. Moreover, activation of this pathway significantly induced NREM sleep during the dark phase for first 4 h by using chemogenetic methods. Taken together, these findings reveal that the SCN–HDB pathway participates in NREM sleep regulation and provides direct evidence of a novel SCN-related pathway involved in sleep–wake states regulation.