bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of Pre‐Eclampsia Registration in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway for Women Participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, 1999–2010
Authors: Klungsøyr Kari , Harmon Quaker E. , Skard Linn B. , Simonsen Ingeborg , Austvoll Elise T. , Alsaker Elin R. , Starling Anne , Trogstad Lill , Magnus Per , Engel Stephanie M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), a prospective population‐based pregnancy cohort, is a valuable database for studying causes of pre‐eclampsia. Pre‐eclampsia data in MoBa come from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN); thus, we wanted to study the validity of MBRN pre‐eclampsia registration for MoBa women.MethodsWe selected all MoBa pregnancies with pre‐eclampsia registered in the MBRN (n = 4081) and a random control group (n = 2000) without pre‐eclampsia registrations. After excluding two delivery units not participating in MoBa and one no longer operating, units were asked to provide copies of antenatal charts with blood pressure and urinary measurements from all antenatal visits during pregnancy, and hospital discharge codes from the delivery stay. We received data for 5340 pregnancies delivered 1999–2010 (87% of all eligible). We calculated positive predictive value (PPV), and sensitivity and specificity of MBRN registration, using hypertension and proteinuria on the antenatal charts and/or hospital discharge codes indicating pre‐eclampsia as gold standard.ResultsOverall PPV was 83.9% [95% CI 82.7, 85.1] and was higher when women were primiparous, or delivered preterm or low birthweight infants. Severe pre‐eclampsia in the MBRN was found to be a true severe pre‐eclampsia in 70% of cases. Extrapolating to the total MoBa population, the estimated sensitivity was low – 43.0% (38.7, 48.2) – while specificity was high – 99.2% (99.2, 99.3). False negative cases seemed to have mild forms of pre‐eclampsia.ConclusionsPPV and specificity of pre‐eclampsia registration in the MBRN during 1999–2010 was satisfactory, while sensitivity was low.
Amniotic membrane: New concepts for an old dressing
Authors: Litwiniuk Malgorzata , Grzela Tomasz 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe amniotic membrane is the innermost layer of fetal membranes that surrounds and protects the embryo. The amniotic epithelial cells are a rich source for biologically active factors known to promote cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, the amniotic membrane is considered to be an attractive wound dressing material. Despite a large number of publications reporting anti‐inflammatory, bacteriostatic, reepithelializing, and scar‐preventing properties of amniotic membrane, not all the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial actions of the amniotic membrane dressing have been fully elucidated. This review summarizes current knowledge on the properties of the amniotic membrane and its various clinical applications. It includes an overview of the main biologically active factors that may be responsible for the observed clinical effects of amnion dressings. This issue is briefly discussed in the context of the role of amnion processing and inter‐ and intradonor variations between amniotic membrane specimens. Finally, future directions for the use of amnion derivatives in wound care are indicated.
Hyaluronan enhances wound repair and increases collagen III in aged dermal wounds
Authors: Damodarasamy Mamatha , Johnson Richard S. , Bentov Itay , MacCoss Michael J. , Vernon Robert B. , Reed May J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAge‐related changes in the extracellular matrix contribute to delayed wound repair in aging. Hyaluronan, a linear nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan, promotes synthesis and assembly of key extracellular matrix components, such as the interstitial collagens, during wound healing. The biological effects of hyaluronan are mediated, in part, by hyaluronan size. We have previously determined that dermal wounds in aged mice, relative to young mice, have deficits in the generation of lower molecular weight hyaluronan (defined as <300 kDa). Here, we tested the effect of exogenous hyaluronan of 2, 250, or 1,000 kDa sizes on full‐thickness excisional wounds in aged mice. Only wounds treated with 250 kDa hyaluronan (HA250) were significantly improved over wounds that received carrier (water) alone. Treatment with HA250 was associated with increased expression of transcripts for the hyaluronan receptors CD44 and RHAMM, as well as collagens III and I. Analyses of dermal protein content by mass spectrometry and Western blotting confirmed significantly increased expression of collagen III in wounds treated with HA250 relative to control wounds. In summary, we find that HA250 improves wound repair and increases the synthesis of collagen III in aged dermal wounds.
Andrew's bridge system: an aesthetic and functional option for rehabilitation of compromised maxillary anterior dentition
Authors: Tambe Abhijit , Patil Sanjayagouda B , Bhat Sudhakara , Badadare Mokshada M 
Published: July 2014

SummaryA patient with several missing teeth in the anterior aesthetic region along with severe ridge defect poses a greater challenge for prosthodontic rehabilitation. In such cases treatment using fixed partial denture (FPD) may not be feasible because of the extent of edentulous span and the periodontal conditions of the abutment teeth. To present a case of multiple missing maxillary anterior teeth with class III ridge defect rehabilitated using FPD-removable partial denture. A 38-year-old female patient was successfully rehabilitated using Andrew's bridge system in the maxillary anterior region. The fixed-removable Andrew's bridge system provides a good prognosis if diagnosed and planned meticulously.
Can emergency physicians ‘rule in’ and ‘rule out’ acute myocardial infarction with clinical judgement?
Authors: Body Richard , Cook Gary , Burrows Gillian , Carley Simon , Lewis Philip S 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of emergency physician gestalt in emergency department (ED) patients with suspected cardiac chest pain, both alone and in combination with initial troponin level and ECG findings.MethodsWe prospectively included patients presenting to the ED with suspected cardiac chest pain. Clinicians recorded their ‘gestalt’ at the time of presentation using a five-point Likert scale, blinded to outcome. Troponin T and high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT; both Roche Diagnostics Elecsys) levels were measured in admission blood samples. All patients underwent troponin testing at least 12 h after peak symptoms. The primary outcome was acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Results458 patients were included in this study, 81 (17.7%) of whom had AMI. Clinician gestalt alone had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.82) for AMI. Immediately discharging patients with normal initial troponin and ECG in whom the clinician felt the diagnosis was ‘probably not’ or ‘definitely not’ acute coronary syndrome (ACS) would have avoided admission for 23.1% (95% CI 19% to 28%) patients with 100% sensitivity (95% CI 95.6% to 100%). With hs-cTnT, 100% sensitivity could have been achieved even if only patients with ‘probable’ or ‘definite’ ACS were investigated further, which would have allowed 41.7% patients to be discharged immediately.ConclusionsGestalt alone cannot be used to ‘rule in’ or ‘rule out’ ACS. By combining clinician gestalt with the admission ECG and troponin level, we found 100% sensitivity without the need for serial troponin testing. These findings have the potential to reduce unnecessary hospital admissions for suspected ACS but must be prospectively validated before considering clinical implementation.
Impaired Fibrous Repair
Authors: Edsfeldt Andreas , Gonçalves Isabel , Grufman Helena , Nitulescu Mihaela , Dunér Pontus , Bengtsson Eva , Mollet Inês G. , Persson Ana , Nilsson Marie , Orho-Melander Marju , Melander Olle , Björkbacka Harry , Nilsson Jan 
Published: July 2014

Objective—
Diabetes mellitus (DM) type II is increasing rapidly worldwide. Patients with DM II have a greater atherosclerotic burden and higher risk of developing cardiovascular complications. Inflammation has been proposed as the main cause for the high risk of atherosclerotic disease in DM II. In this study, we compared markers of inflammation and fibrous repair in plaques from subjects with and without DM II.

Approach and Results—
Carotid endarterectomy specimens were obtained from 63 patients with and 131 without DM. Plaque structure, connective tissue proteins, inflammatory cells, and markers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, ELISA, Mesoscale, and Luminex technology. Carotid plaques from diabetics had lower levels of extracellular matrix proteins, elastin, and collagen, which are critical for plaque stability. Plaques from diabetics had reduced levels of platelet-derived growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-2, both important for tissue repair. No differences were observed in inflammatory markers in plaques from diabetic and nondiabetic patients.

Conclusion—
This study suggests that atherosclerotic plaques in subjects with DM II are more prone to rupture because of impaired repair responses rather than to increased vascular inflammation. Although this study did not have a mechanistic design, our findings suggest that targeting impaired repair responses in carotid plaques may help to increase our understanding of atherosclerotic plaque development and vulnerability in patients with DM II.
Computer-Aided Image Analysis Algorithm to Enhance In Vivo Diagnosis of Plaque Erosion by Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Wang Zhao , Jia Haibo , Tian Jinwei , Soeda Tsunenari , Vergallo Rocco , Minami Yoshiyasu , Lee Hang , Aguirre Aaron , Fujimoto James G , Jang Ik-Kyung 
Published: July 2014

Background—
Recent reports show that plaque erosion can be diagnosed in vivo using optical coherence tomography in patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, quantitative optical coherence tomographic image criteria for computer-aided diagnosis of plaque erosion have not been established.

Methods and Results—

A total of 42 patients with acute coronary syndrome caused by plaque erosion were included. Plaque erosion was identified according to the previously established optical coherence tomography criteria. Both optical properties and morphological features of the focal-eroded region as well as erosion-adjacent region were analyzed using a custom-designed computer algorithm. Noneroded fibrous plaques remote from the erosion site within the same vessel were used as controls. Eroded plaques have significantly lower surface intensity (
P
<0.001), lower region of interest intensity (
P
<0.001), lower surface normalized SD (
P
<0.001), lower region of interest normalized SD (
P
<0.001), higher optical attenuation (
P
<0.001), larger tissue protrusion area (
P
<0.001), and greater surface roughness (
P
<0.001) when compared with control plaques. Erosion-adjacent regions also have lower region of interest normalized SD (
P
=0.008), higher attenuation (
P
<0.001), and greater surface roughness (
P
=0.005). Using a logistic regression model built on the quantitative features, plaque erosion can be accurately classified against intact fibrous plaques. There was low inter- and intraobserver variability associated with the algorithm-assisted quantitative assessment.

Conclusions—
Plaque erosion has distinctive optical properties and morphological features when compared with noneroded fibrous plaques. Quantitative image analysis may enhance diagnostic accuracy for plaque erosion in vivo.
Lacunar Strokes in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Risk Factors, Infarct Location, and Prognosis
Authors: Palacio Santiago , McClure Leslie A. , Benavente Oscar R. , Bazan Carlos , Pergola Pablo , Hart Robert G. 
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—
Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for lacunar strokes. Few data are available regarding patient features, infarct location, and recurrent vascular events for patients with diabetes mellitus with lacunar stroke.

Methods—
We compared features at study entry and prognosis during 3.6 years of follow-up of patients with diabetes mellitus versus patients without diabetes mellitus with recent lacunar stroke participating in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) randomized trial.

Results—

Among the 3020 participants, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 37% with a mean duration of 11 years. Diabetes mellitus was independently associated with slightly younger age (63 versus 64 years;
P
<0.001), Hispanic ethnicity (36% versus 28%;
P
<0.0001), ischemic heart disease (11% versus 6%;
P
=0.002), and peripheral vascular disease (5% versus 2%;
P
<0.001). Patients with diabetes mellitus more frequently had intracranial stenosis ≥50% (
P
<0.001), infarcts involving the brain stem or cerebellum (
P
<0.001), and more extensive white matter abnormalities (
P
<0.001). Patients with diabetes mellitus were almost twice as likely to have a recurrent stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–2.3), recurrent ischemic stroke (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4–2.4), disabling/fatal stroke (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2–2.9), myocardial infarction (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0–2.8), and death (HR, 2.1 95% CI, 1.6–2.8) compared with patients without diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions—
Patients with diabetes mellitus with lacunar stroke have a distinctive clinical profile that includes double the prevalence of systemic and intracranial atherosclerosis, preferential involvement of the posterior circulation, and a poor prognosis for recurrent stroke and death.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00059306.
Characterization of seasonal and inter-annual changes in the abundance of species of marine Cladocera on the Turkish coast of the northeastern Levantine Basin
Authors: Terbiyik Kurt Tuba , Polat Sevi°m 
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this study was to describe temporal variations in the abundance of cladocerans in the Mediterranean Sea in relation to environmental parameters. The study was conducted between 2008 and 2011 at five sampling stations located in the coastal waters of İskenderun Bay. Zooplankton samples were seasonally collected for four years using a 200-μm mesh WP-2 zooplankton net. The contribution of cladocerans to the total zooplankton community was 22.8% in 2008 and 9.3% in 2009. In 2010 (59.4%) and 2011 (63.4%), the annual mean abundance of cladocerans increased markedly from 473 ind. m−3to 3917 ind. m−3and accounted for more than half of the zooplankton population. A total of five species of Cladocera were found:Penilia avirostrisDana, 1849,Pseudevadne tergestina(Claus, 1877),Evadne spiniferaP. E. Müller, 1867,Pleopis polyphaemoides(Leuckart, 1859) andPodon intermediusLilljeborg, 1853.Penilia avirostriswas the most abundant species during all seasons, especially in April and July, for all four years of the study. The abundance of total cladocerans andP. avirostriswas negatively correlated with salinity () and picoplankton abundance ().P. avirostrisalso exhibited a positive correlation with phytoplankton abundance (), as well as withE. spinifera. In addition, the abundance ofE. spiniferaandP. tergestinawas positively correlated with temperature (), butP. tergestinacorrelated negatively with chlorophyll a. In conclusion, species composition and abundance of cladocerans seems to be greatly affected by the amount of available food and other environmental factors, such as temperature and salinity.
Artificial infection of the native Korean freshwater prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)
Authors: Yun J. M. , Kim B. S. , Hwang S. M. , Kim Y. B. , Choi W. B. , Choi T. J. 
Published: July 2014

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), an important shrimp pathogen that can affect both salt- and freshwater shrimp, has a high mortality rate that can reach up to 100% in 3-10 days. Therefore, we assessed the susceptibility of Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849), a freshwater prawn native to Korea, to artificial WSSV infection. Although rearing in water containing WSSV-infected carcasses did not result in infection, M. nipponense was infected with WSSV after being fed a WSSV-containing diet, per os infection, or injection with the purified virus. In the feeding test, the first mortality was observed on the 7th day and cumulative mortality reached 30% by 3 weeks post-infection. After per os infection, experimental animals started dying on the second day and within 3 weeks mortality had reached 90%. In the injection test, the mortality was found to be dose-dependent. Prawn injected with 2.5 × 104, 900 and 80 copies/g body weight exhibited the first mortality at 1, 2 and 4 days post inoculation, with 100, 100 and 50% final mortality at 2, 10 and 12 days post inoculation, respectively. Histological observation revealed inclusion bodies in the gills, antennal glands and other tissues of ectodermal origin. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed the increase of viral titers, indicating viral replication in the inoculated host. This forms the first report of the experimental susceptibility of M. nipponense to WSSV.
Using Initialized Hindcasts to Assess Simulations of 1970–2009 Equatorial Pacific SST, Zonal Wind Stress, and Surface Flux Trends
Authors: Solomon Amy 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Initialized decadal hindcasts are used to assess simulations of 1970–2009 equatorial Pacific SST, zonal wind stress, and surface flux trends. Initialized hindcasts are useful to assess how well the models simulate observed trends, as well as how simulations of observed trends (due primarily to natural variability) differ from ensemble-mean forecasted trends (due to the response to an increase in external forcing). All models forecast a statistically significant warming trend in both the warm-pool and cold-tongue regions. However, while the warm-pool warming trend is within the observed estimates, the cold-tongue warming trend is an order of magnitude larger than an ENSO residual estimated using SST instrumental reconstructions. Multimodel ensemble means formed using forecasts 6–10 years from initialization with 40 ensemble members do not produce an unambiguous zonal SST gradient response to an increase in external forcing. Systematic biases are identified in forecasts of surface fluxes. For example, in the warm-pool region all year-1 forecasts produce SST trends similar to observations but ocean mixed layer and net surface heat flux trends with an opposite sign to air–sea datasets. In addition, year-1 forecasts produce positive shortwave feedbacks on decadal time scales, whereas 6–10-yr forecasts produce negative or statistically insignificant shortwave flux feedbacks on decadal time scales, suggesting sensitivity to circulations forced by the initialized ocean state. In the cold-tongue region initialized ensembles forecast positive net radiative flux trends even though shortwave flux trends are negative (i.e., for increasing cloudiness). This is inconsistent with air–sea datasets, which uniformly show that the net surface radiative flux feedback is a damping of the underlying SSTs.
Simulations of Stratus Clouds over Eastern China in CAM5: Sensitivity to Horizontal Resolution
Authors: Zhang Yi , Chen Haoming , Yu Rucong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper evaluates the simulations of stratus clouds over eastern China (EC) in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5), with an emphasis on the impact of changing horizontal resolutions on the performance. CAM5 in all experiments generally satisfactorily simulates the cloud radiative features over EC, including the spatial distributions of the continental shortwave cloud radiative forcing (SWCF) and stratus regimes, the responses of SWCF to the dynamic and thermodynamic ambient environment, and several relations in the environmental fields that are favorable to the stratus formation. Meanwhile, all experiments suffer from similar biases. Models tend to underestimate the stratus amount because of a corresponding underestimate of stratus occurrence frequency, while the stratus amount when present (AWP) is generally higher than that in the observation. Models also simulate similar errors in the environmental fields. The differences between low- and high-resolution experiments are distinct. An increase of resolution enhances the SWCF in southern China, but the skill deteriorates in the Sichuan basin. Correspondingly, the stratus amount increases in southern China from low- to high-resolution experiments, mainly because of more stratus occurrences, which are found to be related to the better represented environmental fields in the high-resolution experiments, especially the dynamic component. Several relations in the ambient environment are also slightly improved in the high-resolution experiments. Meanwhile, the reason for the decrease of stratus AWP within the Sichuan basin, which is mainly responsible for the decreased stratus amounts and weaker SWCF from low- to high-resolution experiments, is also discussed.
Nonlinear Controls on the Persistence of La Niña*
Authors: DiNezio Pedro N. , Deser Clara 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A large fraction (35%–50%) of observed La Niña events last two years or longer, in contrast to the great majority of El Niño events, which last one year. Here, the authors explore the nonlinear processes responsible for the multiyear persistence of La Niña in the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), a coupled climate model that simulates the asymmetric duration of La Niña and El Niño events realistically. The authors develop a nonlinear delayed-oscillator (NDO) model of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to explore the mechanisms governing the duration of La Niña. The NDO includes nonlinear and seasonally dependent feedbacks derived from the CCSM4 heat budget, which allow it to simulate key ENSO features in quantitative agreement with CCSM4.
Sensitivity experiments with the NDO show that the nonlinearity in the delayed thermocline feedback is the sole process controlling the duration of La Niña events. The authors’ results show that, as La Niña events become stronger, the delayed thermocline response does not increase proportionally. This nonlinearity arises from two processes: 1) the response of winds to sea surface temperature anomalies and 2) the ability of thermocline depth anomalies to influence temperatures at the base of the mixed layer. Thus, strong La Niña events require that the thermocline remains deeper for longer than 1 yr for sea surface temperatures to return to neutral. Ocean reanalysis data show evidence for this thermocline nonlinearity, suggesting that this process could be at work in nature.