bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benzimidazole‐Linked Porous Polymers: Synthesis and Gas Sorption Properties
Authors: Cui Yi , Zhao Yanchao , Wang Tao , Han Baohang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA series of benzimidazole‐linked porous polymers are obtained by the condensation reaction between the o‐aminobenzol end groups of building blocks (2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexaaminotriphenylene, 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine or 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetraamine) and the aldehyde groups of building blocks [terephthalicaldehyde, 4,4′‐biphenyldicarboxaldehyde, 1,3,5‐tris(4‐acetylphenyl)benzene or 1,3,5‐tris(4‐formylbiphenyl)amine] in one‐pot synthesis without employing any catalyst or template. The existence of the imidazole ring in the obtained polymers could be identified by Fourier transform infrared and solid‐state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. The sphere‐shaped morphology of the obtained polymers is observed through scanning electron microscopy. The polymers possess Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller specific surface area values over 600 m2·g−1, showing hydrogen storage (up to 1.6 wt%, at 77 K and 1×105 Pa) and carbon dioxide capture (up to 12.6 wt%, at 273 K and 1×105 Pa) properties. Such polymers would possess good performance in the applications of gas storage and separation.
Ultrasensitive and Signal‐on Electrochemiluminescence Aptasensor Using the Multi‐tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II)‐β‐cyclodextrin Complexes
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Chen Hong , Chen Qiong , Qi Yantao , Yang Fan , Tang Jie , He Pingang , Zhang Fan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn ultrasensitive and signal‐on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor to detect target protein (thrombin or lysozyme) was developed using the host‐guest recognition between a metallocyclodextrin complex and single‐stranded DNA (ss‐DNA). The aptasensor uses both the photoactive properties of the metallocyclodextrins named multi‐tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II)‐β‐cyclodextrin complexes and their specific recognition with ss‐DNA, which amplified the ECL signal without luminophore labeling. After investigating the ECL performance of different multi‐tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II)‐β‐cyclodextrin (multi‐Ru‐β‐CD) complexes, tris‐tris(bipyridine)‐ruthenium(II)‐β‐cyclodextrin (tris(bpyRu)‐β‐CD) was selected as a suitable host molecule to construct an atasensor. First, double‐stranded DNA (ds‐DNA) formed by hybridization of the aptamer and its target DNA was attached to a glassy carbon electrode via coupling interaction, which showed low ECL intensity with 2‐(dibutylamino) ethanol (DBAE) as coreactant, because of the weak recognition between ds‐DNA and tris(bpyRu)‐β‐CD. Upon addition of the corresponding protein, the ECL intensity increased when target ss‐DNA was released because of the higher stability of the aptamer‐protein complex than the aptamer‐DNA one. A linear relationship was observed in the range of 0.01 pmol/L to 100 pmol/L between ECL intensity and the logarithm of thrombin concentrations with a limited detection of 8.5 fmol/L (S/N=3). Meanwhile, the measured concentration of lysozyme was from 0.05 pmol/L to 500 pmol/L and the detection limit was 33 fmol/L (S/N=3). The investigations of proteins in human serum samples were also performed to demonstrate the validity of detection in real clinical samples. The simplicity, high sensitivity and specificity of this aptasensor show great promise for practical applications in protein monitoring and disease diagnosis.
Carbon‐bridged Tri(cyclopentadiene): Synthesis and Coordination with Ytterbium
Authors: Sha Lin , Li Li , Yuan Fugen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractReaction of a mixture of 1,1‐bis(cyclopentadienyl)cyclohexane and pentamethylenefulvene with metallic sodium in THF led to a mixture of cyclohexylidene‐bridged bis(cyclopentadienyl) sodium and two‐cyclohexylidene‐bridged tri(cyclopentadienyl) sodium. Reaction of the salt solutions with anhydrous YbCl3 in THF afforded a ytterbium complex mixed‐ligated by bridged bis(cyclopentadienide) and bridged tri(cyclopentadienide).
Connectivity of pacemaker neurons in the neonatal rat superficial dorsal horn
Authors: Li Jie , Kritzer Elizabeth , Ford Neil C. , Arbabi Shahriar , Baccei Mark L. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTPacemaker neurons with an intrinsic ability to generate rhythmic burst‐firing have been characterized in lamina I of the neonatal spinal cord, where they are innervated by high‐threshold sensory afferents. However, little is known about the output of these pacemakers, as the neuronal populations that are targeted by pacemaker axons have yet to be identified. The present study combines patch‐clamp recordings in the intact neonatal rat spinal cord with tract‐tracing to demonstrate that lamina I pacemaker neurons contact multiple spinal motor pathways during early life. Retrograde labeling of premotor interneurons with the trans‐synaptic pseudorabies virus PRV‐152 revealed the presence of burst‐firing in PRV‐infected lamina I neurons, thereby confirming that pacemakers are synaptically coupled to motor networks in the spinal ventral horn. Notably, two classes of pacemakers could be distinguished in lamina I based on cell size and the pattern of their axonal projections. Whereas small pacemaker neurons possessed ramified axons that contacted ipsilateral motor circuits, large pacemaker neurons had unbranched axons that crossed the midline and ascended rostrally in the contralateral white matter. Recordings from identified spino‐parabrachial and spino‐periaqueductal gray neurons indicated the presence of pacemaker activity within neonatal lamina I projection neurons. Overall, these results show that lamina I pacemakers are positioned to regulate both the level of activity in developing motor circuits and the ascending flow of nociceptive information to the brain, thus highlighting a potential role for pacemaker activity in the maturation of pain and sensorimotor networks in the central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1038–1053, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Childhood and adolescent obesity and long‐term cognitive consequences during aging
Authors: Wang Jun , Freire Daniel , Knable Lindsay , Zhao Wei , Gong Bing , Mazzola Paolo , Ho Lap , Levine Samara , Pasinetti Giulio M. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of childhood/adolescent obesity and insulin resistance has reached an epidemic level. Obesity's immediate clinical impacts have been extensively studied; however, current clinical evidence underscores the long‐term implications. The current study explored the impacts of brief childhood/adolescent obesity and insulin resistance on cognitive function in later life. To mimic childhood/adolescent obesity and insulin resistance, we exposed 9‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice to a high‐fat diet for 15 weeks, after which the mice exhibited diet‐induced obesity and insulin resistance. We then put these mice back on a normal low‐fat diet, after which the mice exhibited normal body weight and glucose tolerance. However, a spatial memory test in the forms of the Morris water maze (MWM) and contextual fear conditioning at 85 weeks of age showed that these mice had severe deficits in learning and long‐term memory consolidation. Mechanistic investigations identified increased expression of histone deacetylases 5, accompanied by reduced expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, in the brains 61 weeks after the mice had been off the high‐fat diet. Electrophysiology studies showed that hippocampal slices isolated from these mice are more susceptible to synaptic impairments compared with slices isolated from the control mice. We demonstrated that a 15‐week occurrence of obesity and insulin resistance during childhood/adolescence induces irreversible epigenetic modifications in the brain that persist following restoration of normal metabolic homeostasis, leading to brain synaptic dysfunction during aging. Our study provides experimental evidence that limited early‐life exposure to obesity and insulin resistance may have long‐term deleterious consequences in the brain, contributing to the onset/progression of cognitive dysfunction during aging. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:757–768, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HKE‐BC: hierarchical key exchange for secure scheduling and auditing of big data in cloud computing
Authors: Liu Chang , Beaugeard Nick , Yang Chi , Zhang Xuyun , Chen Jinjun 
Published: November 2014

SummaryBig data is one of the most referred key words in recent information and communications technology industry. As the new‐generation distributed computing platform, cloud environments offer high efficiency and low cost for data‐intensive storage and computation for big data applications. Cloud resources and services are available in pay‐as‐you‐go mode, which brings extraordinary flexibility and cost‐effectiveness as well as minimal investments in their own computing infrastructure. However, these advantages come at a price—people no longer have direct control over their own data. Based on this view, data security becomes a major concern in the adoption of cloud computing. Authenticated key exchange is essential to a security system that is based on high‐efficiency symmetric‐key encryptions. With virtualisation technology being applied, existing key exchange schemes such as Internet key exchange become time consuming when directly deployed into cloud computing environment, especially for large‐scale tasks that involve intensive user–cloud interactions, such as scheduling and data auditing. In this paper, we propose a novel hierarchical key exchange scheme, namely hierarchical key exchange for big data in cloud, which aims at providing efficient security‐aware scheduling and auditing for cloud environments. In this novel key exchange scheme, we developed a two‐phase layer‐by‐layer iterative key exchange strategy to achieve more efficient authenticated key exchange without sacrificing the level of data security. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that when deployed in cloud environments with diverse server layouts, efficiency of the proposed scheme is dramatically superior to its predecessors cloud computing background key exchange and Internet key exchange schemes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Server‐side prefetching in distributed file systems
Authors: Liao Jianwei 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThis paper presents a proactive data prefetching mechanism on storage servers for distributed file systems to achieve better input/output (I/O) performance. This mechanism requires keeping tracks of what blocks were accessed and the information about client I/O requests to predict which blocks will be accessed in the future. Except for showing a linear access tendency, I/O access operations on blocks also reveal a random or similar‐random tendency but with certain access patterns. Thus, to address the prediction for future possible read operations, a linear regression algorithm and a chaotic prediction algorithm have been proposed to forecast the future access requests according to different access patterns. As a result, by employing the information, that is, offsets and request sizes, about the predicted future read requests on disk blocks, the storage servers in our newly presented mechanism can prefetch block data more precisely and then send it to associated client file system proactively. The experimental results illustrate that our proposed mechanism is able to shorten read latency to a great extent and then contribute to better read throughput significantly in certain application contexts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large Ultrathin Shelled Drops Produced via Non‐Confined Microfluidics
Authors: Chaurasia Ankur S. , Josephides Dimitris N. , Sajjadi Shahriar 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe present a facile approach for producing large and monodisperse core–shell drops with ultrathin shells using a single‐step process. A biphasic compound jet is introduced into a quiescent third (outer) phase that ruptures to form core–shell drops. Ultrathin shelled drops could only be produced within a certain range of surfactant concentrations and flow rates, highlighting the effect of interfacial tension in engulfing the core in a thin shell. An increase in surfactant concentrations initially resulted in drops with thinner shells. However, the drops with thinnest shells were obtained at an optimum surfactant concentration, and a further increase in the surfactant concentrations increased the shell thickness. Highly monodisperse (coefficient of variation smaller than 3 %) core–shell drops with diameter of ∼200 μm–2 mm with shell thickness as small as ∼2 μm were produced. The resulting drops were stable enough to undergo polymerisation and produce ultrathin shelled capsules.
Periodic Current Oscillation Catalyzed by δ‐MnO2 Nanosheets
Authors: Fan Xing , Yang Dianpeng , Ding Lifeng , Du Jun , Tao Changyuan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of wide interest for both fuel and hydrometallurgy applications. Different types of nanoscale MnO2, varying from nanosheets to nanoneedles, are synthesized and assembled on the anode to investigate their catalytic effect on the nonlinear kinetics of the MnO2‐catalyzed OER at high current. For δ‐MnO2 nanosheets, periodic current oscillations (PCO) occurr and occupy up to 40 % of the total energy consumption. The PCO can help to reduce the energy consumption under constant current conditions. Its amplitude could be twice of that for the previously reported MnO2 grown by an in situ electrochemical method. If the amount of γ‐MnO2 nanoneedles increases, the oscillation disappears. For different Mn oxides, the rate constants of H2O2 decomposition differ, resulting in changes in oscillation features. The results of this study may enable new ideas to improve the efficiency of industrial electrolysis and charging–discharging of supercapacitors.
Integrated, Cascading Enzyme‐/Chemocatalytic Cellulose Conversion using Catalysts based on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Yi‐Chun , Dutta Saikat , Wu Kevin C.‐W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Kevin Wu at the National Taiwan University. The image show the globe illuminated through the power of a platform molecule obtained via a novel cellulose deconstruction process that involves an integrated enzyme cascading chemocatalytic strategy with functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles as host materials. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201402605.
Preliminary associations between childhood neglect, MIF, and cortisol: Potential pathways to long‐term disease risk
Authors: Bick Johanna , Nguyen Victoria , Leng Lin , Piecychna Marta , Crowley Michael J. , Bucala Richard , Mayes Linda C. , Grigorenko Elena L. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe study examined Hypothalamus‐Pituitary‐Adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammatory signaling in 206 youth with histories of prenatal drug exposure and self‐reported histories of maltreatment. Youth with histories of severe neglect showed elevated levels of cortisol, the end product of the HPA axis, in comparison to youth with lower or minimal levels of neglect. Histories of severe neglect also were associated with increased levels of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF), a cytokine known to be intricately involved in HPA axis regulation. Salivary MIF levels also were positively associated with youth age and prenatal drug exposure. These MIF and cortisol alterations may signal pathophysiological disruptions in the neuro‐endocrine and immune systems, which may lead to trajectories of increased disease risk among vulnerable youth. Our findings also provide preliminary support for the validity and reliability of a noninvasive salivary assessment of MIF. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 131–139, 2015.
Does the addition of visceral manipulation alter outcomes for patients with low back pain? A randomized placebo controlled trial
Authors: Panagopoulos J. , Hancock M.J. , Ferreira P. , Hush J. , Petocz P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate whether the addition of visceral manipulation, to a standard physiotherapy algorithm, improved outcomes in patients with low back pain.MethodsSixty‐four patients with low back pain who presented for treatment at a private physiotherapy clinic were randomized to one of two groups: standard physiotherapy plus visceral manipulation (n = 32) or standard physiotherapy plus placebo visceral manipulation (n = 32). The primary outcome was pain (measured with the 0–10 Numerical Pain Rating Scale) at 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes were pain at 2 and 52 weeks, disability (measured with the Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) at 2, 6 and 52 weeks and function (measured with the Patient‐Specific Functional Scale) at 2, 6 and 52 weeks. This trial was registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12611000757910).ResultsThe addition of visceral manipulation did not affect the primary outcome of pain at 6 weeks (−0.12, 95% CI = −1.45 to 1.21). There were no significant between‐group differences for the secondary outcomes of pain at 2 weeks or disability and function at 2, 6 or 52 weeks. The group receiving addition of visceral manipulation had less pain than the placebo group at 52 weeks (mean 1.57, 95% CI = 0.32 to 2.82). Participants were adequately blinded to group status and there were no adverse effects reported in either group.ConclusionsOur study suggests that visceral manipulation in addition to standard care is not effective in changing short‐term outcomes but may produce clinically worthwhile improvements in pain at 1 year.
Towards more systematic perceptual model development: a case study using 3 Luxembourgish catchments
Authors: Wrede Sebastian , Fenicia Fabrizio , Martínez‐Carreras Núria , Juilleret Jérôme , Hissler Christophe , Krein Andreas , Savenije Hubert H. G. , Uhlenbrook Stefan , Kavetski Dmitri , Pfister Laurent 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of experimental understanding of catchment behaviour and its translation into qualitative perceptual models is an important objective of hydrological sciences. We explore this challenge by examining the cumulative understanding of the hydrology of three experimental catchments and how it evolves through the application of different investigation techniques. The case study considers the Huewelerbach, Weierbach and Wollefsbach headwater catchments of the Attert basin in Luxembourg. Subsurface investigations including bore holes and pits, analysis of soil samples and Electrical Resistivity Tomography measurements are presented and discussed. Streamflow and tracer data are used to gain further insights into the streamflow dynamics of the catchments, using end‐member mixing analysis and hydrograph separation based on dissolved silica and electrical conductivity. We show that the streamflow generating processes in all three catchments are controlled primarily by the subsolum and underlying bedrock. In the Huewelerbach, the permeable sandstone formation supports a stable groundwater component with little seasonality, which reaches the stream through a series of sources at the contact zone with the impermeable marls formation. In the Weierbach, the schist formation is relatively impermeable and supports a ‘fill and spill’‐type of flow mechanism; during wet conditions, it produces a delayed response dominated by pre‐event water. In the Wollefsbach, the impermeable marls formation is responsible for a saturation‐excess runoff generating process, producing a fast and highly seasonal response dominated by event water. The distinct streamflow generating processes of the three catchments are represented qualitatively using perceptual models. The perceptual models are in turn translated into quantitative conceptual models, which simulate the hydrological processes using networks of connected reservoirs and transfer functions. More generally, the paper illustrates the evolution of perceptual models based on experimental fieldwork data, the translation of perceptual models into conceptual models and the value of different types of data for processes understanding and model representation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drought projection based on a hybrid drought index using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Yang Tao , Zhou Xudong , Yu Zhongbo , Krysanova Valentina , Wang Bo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Tarim River Basin is a special endorheic arid drainage basin in Central Asia, characterized by limited rainfall and high evaporation as common in deserts, while water is supplied mainly by glacier and snow melt from the surrounding mountains. The existing drought indices can hardly capture the drought features in this region as droughts are caused by two dominant factors (meteorological and hydrological conditions). To overcome the problem, a new hybrid drought index (HDI), integrating the meteorological and hydrological drought regimes, was developed and tested in the basin in the work. The index succeeded in revealing the drought characteristics and the ensemble influence better than the single standardized precipitation index or the hydrological index. The Artificial Neural Network approach based on temperature and precipitation observations was set up to simulate the HDI change. The method enabled constructing scenarios of future droughts in the region using climate simulation of the GCMs under four RCP scenarios from the latest CMIP5 project. The simulations in the study have shown that the water budget patterns in the Tarim River Basin are more sensitive to temperature than to precipitation. Dominated by temperature rise causing an accelerating snow/glacier melt, the frequency of drought months is projected to decrease by about 14% in the next decades (until 2035). The drought duration is expected to be shortened to 3 months on average, with the severity alleviated. However, the region would still suffer more severe droughts with a high intensity in some years. The general decrease in drought frequency and intensity over the region in the future would be beneficial for water resources management and agriculture development in the oases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.