bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Quaternary Deformation and Palaeoseismicity: Insight into Geomorphotectonic Evolution of Kachchh, Western Indian Subcontinent
Authors: Roy A. B. , Chatterjee Alokesh , Chauhan N. K. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Kachchh in western Indian Shield, according to the Bureau of Indian Standard (IS:1893:2002), falls in Seismic Zone V. This is intriguing considering that the region is far away from active Plate margin. Apart from the recent incidences of earthquakes, there are several pre-historic/archaeological records of earthquakes in the region. Beyond these, the geological evidence of earth-movements (causing earthquakes) is provided by the occurrence of several ‘active’ faults, which are considered geological markers of palaeoseismicity. There are records of innumerable incidences of faulting in the region in not so distant geological past. Study of fault features especially the scarp faces marking abrupt change in physical relief proves that the different levels of topography in the entire terrain are fault-bound features. Studies also confirm that the topographic difference between the high and ‘sunken’ features have formed due to uplift and relative down-sagging during the geomorphotectonic evolution of the terrain. Features that make the region unique are: (i) restriction of fault-related deformation zone to a narrow strip between the southern margin of Thar Desert and the south coast line of the Kachchh Peninsula; (ii) overall sub-horizontality of bedding and other topographic and planation surfaces over the entire region; (iii) evidence of fault-controlled geomorphology indicating vertical movement along fault planes; (iv) evidence constraining the time of geomorphological evolution of the terrain only during the Late Quaternary, making it the youngest neotectonically evolved terrain in the Precambrian Indian Shield.
First Carbonatite Hosted REE Deposit from India
Authors: Bhushan S. K. , Kumar Ashish 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Based on geological mapping and grid channel geochemical sampling, a carbonatite plug hosted REE deposit has been discovered at Kamthai, Barmer district, Rajasthan. The main REE minerals hosted by carbonatite plug are bastanesite (La), basnaesite (Ce), synchysite (Ce), carbocernaite (Ce), cerianite (Ce), ancylite and parisite. The highest value of LREE is 17.31%, whereas, mean works out 3.33% and weighted average is 2.97%. The carbonatite plug covers 19475 sq. meters and the resources have been estimated upto 84 m depth under Proved, Probable and Possible categories. The total resource estimation for carbonatite plug and other carbonate sills, dykes and veins is 4.91 million tons, making this as truly world class deposit. The TMC of individual LREO (lower rare earth oxide) calculated for carbonatite plug only are La=52196 tonnes, Ce =66026 tonnes, Nd = 13663 tonnes, Pr = 5415 tonnes, Sm = 920 tonnes and Eu = 207 tonnes. Besides these REE, the Kamthai resource will produce 551 tonnes of Ga, 44 tonnes of Ge and 1,12,830 tonnes of SrO during its mining life.
QUESTIONS OF OWNERSHIP: PROPRIETORSHIP AND CONTROL IN A CHANGING RURAL TERRAIN – A CASE STUDY FROM GHANA
Authors: Berry Sara 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTUsing a case study of a rural town in the Ashanti Region, this article explores transformations in enterprise, property relations and informal governance that have occurred since Ghana embarked on a period of neo-liberal economic and political restructuring in the mid-1980s. Rather than a linear move away from state-controlled markets and authoritarian rule toward privatization and democratic decentralization, Ghana has witnessed a proliferation of authorities and economic enterprises, both formal and informal, that defy clear-cut distinctions between public and private property and institutions. In the town described here, as in many other localities in Ghana, chiefs have figured prominently as both instigators and examples of transformations in economic and governing practices and institutions.
POINTING TO PROPERTY: COLONIALISM AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT LAND TENURE IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
Authors: Pierce Steven 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTColonial contact created many African ‘traditions’ that are in fact novel; part of this process involved translation, in which cultural accommodations were determined not just by the political interests of negotiators but by the challenges of moving between languages and conceptual universes. This article focuses on the cultural translation of land tenure and property in colonial northern Nigeria, as legal paradigms and principles of governance. Beginning in the early colonial period, Western paradigms came to shape the ways colonial authorities understood indigenous landholding, which in turned influenced how they governed small-scale farmers. The article traces how different intellectual traditions came together to create a ‘traditional’ system of land tenure with very little purchase on past practices, and a somewhat attenuated relationship with the lives of ordinary farmers.
V.—The Geology of Ardgour, Argyllshire
Authors: Drever H. I. 
Published: January 2013

Between 1897 and 1903 Ardgour was investigated and surveyed for the Geological Survey by J. S. Grant Wilson. His results were published in the Summaries of Progress of the Geological Survey for 1897, 1898, 1900, and 1903, and were later included in Sheet 53 of the Survey's 1 inch to 1 mile maps and in the Glencoe Memoir. Little additional work had been attempted until 1933 when R. M. Shackelton commenced remapping the area. Shackelton was prevented from completing this work, and the writer supplanted him to continue research on the area from 1934 to 1937 under the direction of Professor C. E. Tilley.The Ardgour estate comprises a rugged, mountainous tract of Argyllshire north of Loch Linnhe. One large and several smaller masses of epidiorite discovered by Grant Wilson (text-fig. 1) have been intruded into rocks of the Moine Series. Apart from large areas occupied by felspathic granulite and other quartzose types there are also limestones in an amount unusual in the normal Moine Series, some finely banded hornfelses and a zone surrounding the epidiorite masses composed apparently of a felspathised or granitised granulite (indicated by a broken line in text-fig. 1). Pelitic types are important in the western part of the area, and, round Sgurr Dhomhnuill in particular, they have apparently been injected by acid material. This at least is the present view, although the ground has yet to be thoroughly studied. There are a number of lamprophyre and basalt dykes, and some granite, in most places brecciated (with the occasional production of mylonite, e.g. Ben Ba), occurs along the line of the Great Glen Fault. Most of the ground is well exposed, although there may be glacial deposits inland and marine deposits round the coast (not differentiated in text-fig. 1).
VII.—The Origin of Frogs
Authors: Watson D. M. S. 
Published: January 2013

Since 1912 I have had the intention of re-examining all the available material of palæozoic amphibia, and have done so personally in the case of the Labyrinthodontia, and through my students Drs Bulman, Whittard, and Steen for the Branchiosaurs, and all the small animals from the famous localities of Czechoslovakia; Linton, Ohio; and South Joggins, Nova Scotia. But these researches, although they have included as complete an account as can be made of Hylonomus lyelli, the first animal called a Microsaurian, still left us without a clear conception of that group, if indeed it has any real existence.Last year, however, Dr Steen was able to show that Microbrachis and Hyloplesion from the Upper Coal Measures of Nýřany were related to Hylonomus and were Adelospondyli.It therefore became important to examine the well-preserved skeleton, from the Coal Measures of Mazon Creek, Ill., which R. L. Moodie described and restored as a Microsaur. The unexpected results form the paper which follows.
II. An Account of the Method of making the Otter of Roses, as it is prepared in the East Indies
Authors: Monro Donald 
Published: January 2013

Sir,I had the following receipt for making the Otter of Roses, as it is prepared in the East Indies, from Major Mackenzie of Coull, in the county of Ross, who told me he got the account from an officer of his corps, who was up in the country where it is prepared, and assisted in making it himself.
VII. Observations of the Places of the Georgian Planet, made at Edinburgh with an Equatoreal Instrument
Authors: Robison John 
Published: January 2013

Hence it may be deduced, (by following the method described in a paper formerly read to this Society) that the planet was in opposition January 13a. 04b. 56′ M. T. Greenwich, in longitude, 3a. 23°. 32′. 24″ from the mean equinox, with −°. 30′. 38″ north heliocentric latitude.The error of the theory in longitude is nearly +5″, and in latitude nearly −18″.I attribute this error in latitude to the different manner in which I observed the declinations. I formerly obferved the difference of declination between the planet and fixed star by means of a common micrometer. But I was obliged to substitute Dr Bradley's rhombus for my micrometer, which had received an injury which I could not get repaired in time. If this be allowed, the error in longitude will be diminished nearly 2″.
Landscape‐Scale Evaluation of Asymmetric Interactions between Brown Trout and Brook Trout Using Two‐Species Occupancy Models
Authors: Wagner Tyler , Deweber Jefferson T. , Detar Jason , Sweka John A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPredicting the distribution of native stream fishes is fundamental to the management and conservation of many species. Modeling species distributions often consists of quantifying relationships between species occurrence and abundance data at known locations with environmental data at those locations. However, it is well documented that native stream fish distributions can be altered as a result of asymmetric interactions between dominant exotic and subordinate native species. For example, the naturalized exotic Brown Trout Salmo trutta has been identified as a threat to native Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in the eastern United States. To evaluate large‐scale patterns of co‐occurrence and to quantify the potential effects of Brown Trout presence on Brook Trout occupancy, we used data from 624 stream sites to fit two‐species occupancy models. These models assumed that asymmetric interactions occurred between the two species. In addition, we examined natural and anthropogenic landscape characteristics we hypothesized would be important predictors of occurrence of both species. Estimated occupancy for Brook Trout, from a co‐occurrence model with no landscape covariates, at sites with Brown Trout present was substantially lower than sites where Brown Trout were absent. We also observed opposing patterns for Brook and Brown Trout occurrence in relation to percentage forest, impervious surface, and agriculture within the network catchment. Our results are consistent with other studies and suggest that alterations to the landscape, and specifically the transition from a forested catchment to one that contains impervious surface or agriculture, reduces the occurrence probability of wild Brook Trout. Our results, however, also suggest that the presence of Brown Trout results in lower occurrence probability of Brook Trout over a range of anthropogenic landscape characteristics, compared with streams where Brown Trout were absent.
Chinook Salmon Foraging Patterns in a Changing Lake Michigan
Authors: Jacobs Gregory R. , Madenjian Charles P. , Bunnell David B. , Warner David M. , Claramunt Randall M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSince Pacific salmon stocking began in Lake Michigan, managers have attempted to maintain salmon abundance at high levels within what can be sustained by available prey fishes, primarily Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus. Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha are the primary apex predators in pelagic Lake Michigan and patterns in their prey selection (by species and size) may strongly influence pelagic prey fish communities in any given year. In 1994–1996, there were larger Alewives, relatively more abundant alternative prey species, fewer Chinook Salmon, and fewer invasive species in Lake Michigan than in 2009–2010. The years 2009–2010 were instead characterized by smaller, leaner Alewives, fewer alternative prey species, higher abundance of Chinook Salmon, a firmly established nonnative benthic community, and reduced abundance of Diporeia, an important food of Lake Michigan prey fish. We characterized Chinook Salmon diets, prey species selectivity, and prey size selectivity between 1994–1996 and 2009–2010 time periods. In 1994–1996, Alewife as prey represented a smaller percentage of Chinook Salmon diets than in 2009–2010, when alewife comprised over 90% of Chinook Salmon diets, possibly due to declines in alternative prey fish populations. The size of Alewives eaten by Chinook Salmon also decreased between these two time periods. For the largest Chinook Salmon in 2009–2010, the average size of Alewife prey was nearly 50 mm total length shorter than in 1994–1996. We suggest that changes in the Lake Michigan food web, such as the decline in Diporeia, may have contributed to the relatively low abundance of large Alewives during the late 2000s by heightening the effect of predation from top predators like Chinook Salmon, which have retained a preference for Alewife and now forage with greater frequency on smaller Alewives.
SELF‐REPORTED EXPRESSION AND CONSEQUENCES OF EMBARRASSMENT IN PORTUGAL AND THE U.K.
Authors: Edelmann Robert J. , Neto Felix 
Published: January 2013

Data was collected by questionnaire from Portuguese and U.K. college students in order to compare self‐reports of the physiological/behavioural response associated with embarrassment, coping attempts and observer reactions to the actor's embarrassment in the two cultures. Blushing/increased temperature, increased heart rate and smiling/grinning characterised embarrassment in both cultures, although blushing was referred to with less frequency by the Portuguese sample; gaze aversion was a response specific to the U.K. sample. Smiling/grinning as a method of coping with embarrassment and as a reported reaction from an observer was reported with similar frequency by both samples; gaze aversion as a method of coping with embarrassment was referred to with greater frequency by the U.K. sample; staring by observers was mentioned with greater frequency by the Portuguese sample. More intense experiences of embarrassment were reported by the Portuguese sample who also reported being more successful in attempts to control their embarrassment. The results are discussed in relation to national stereotypes.Un questionnaire a été utilisé pour ramasser des données chez des étudiants portugais et britanniques, afin de comparer leurs auto‐évaluations de la réaction psychologique/comportementale associée i rembarras, avec les tentatives d'adaptation et les réactions des observateurs à l'embarras de l'acteur dans les deux cultures. Le fait de rougir associé à une élévation de la température, la tachycardie, ainsi que le sourire caractérisaient l'embarras dans les deux cultures, bien que le fait de rougir était moins souvent mentionné par les sujets portugais; détourner le regard était une réponse particulière des sujets britanniques. Le sourire comme façon d'éviter l'embarras et en tant que réaction d'un observateur était rapporté tout aussi fréquemment par les deux échantillons de sujets; détourner le regard comme façon de se sortir d'embarras était rapporté beaucoup plus fréquemment par les sujets britanniques; par contre, fixer quelqu'un du regard était mentionné plus fréquemment par les observateurs portugais. Des expériences embarrassantes plus intenses étaient rapportées par les sujets portugais, qui ont aussi rapporté un succès plus grand pour ce qui est du contrôle de leur embarras. Les résultats sont discutés en relation avec des stéréotypes nationaux.
MALE ACCEPTANCE OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PROGRAMS FOR WOMEN: THE RESULTS OF ALTRUISTIC OR EGOISTICAL MOTIVES?
Authors: Veilleux France , Tougas Francine 
Published: January 2013

It has been argued in the past that self‐interest plays an important role in the reaction of men to affirmative action programs that are designed to promote women in non‐traditional jobs. In the main, this hypothesis has received limited support apparently because the conception of self‐interest was understood in terms of one's private well‐being. It is clear, however, that self‐interest also refers to group status or position in society. In this study self‐interest was measured through the concept of collective relative deprivation. The effects of relative deprivation on behalf of others, and the procedure employed to implement affirmative action programs on men's attitudes toward these programs were also assessed. One hundred and forty‐five male managers or professionals participated in the study. According to predictions, results show that collective relative deprivation and preferential treatment for women have negative effects on affirmative action attitudes. Findings are thus supportive of the broader conception of self‐interest and relative deprivation arguments. Finally, the positive link between relative deprivation on behalf of others and affirmative action indicates that men who disapprove of sex inequalities support these programs.Il a été postulé que le ‘self‐interest’ influence les réactions des hommes aux programmes d'action positive mis sur pied pour assurer une représentativité plus équitable des femmes dans les secteurs non‐traditionnels d'emploi. Cette hypothèse n'a pas été confirmée en raison de la conception individualiste du ‘self‐interest’. Le ‘self‐interest’ réfère tout autant à la situation de l'individu qu'à celle de son groupe. Dans la présente étude, le ‘self‐interest’ a été mesuré par le biais du concept de privation relative collective. Les effets de la privation relative pour autrui et de la procédure d'implantation des programmes d'action positive sur les attitudes des hommes face à l'action positive ont également été évalués. En tout, 145 cadres ou professionnels masculins ont participé à la présente étude. Les résultats confirment les hypothèses voulant que la privation relative collective et le traitement préférentiel ont des effets négatifs sur les attitudes aux programmes d'action positive, ce qui milite en faveur d'une conception élargie du ‘self‐interest’. Finalement, le lien positif entre la privation relative autrui et l'action positive montre que les hommes qui sont défavorables aux inégalités de sexe favorisent les programmes.
The National Ecological Observatory Network: An Observatory Poised to Expand Spatiotemporal Scales of Inquiry in Aquatic and Fisheries Science
Authors: Utz Ryan M , Fitzgerald Michael R , Goodman Keli J , Parker Stephanie M , Powell Heather , Roehm Charlotte L 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Large spatiotemporal-scale fisheries research amid pervasive environmental change requires scientific resources beyond the capabilities of individual laboratories. Here we introduce the aquatics program within a novel institution, the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), poised to substantially advance spatiotemporal scales of inquiry in fisheries research. NEON will collect high-quality data from sites distributed throughout the United States, including Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, for 30 years. Data products will include hundreds of metrics that comprehensively quantify the biological, chemical, and hydrogeomorphic attributes of streams, lakes, and rivers in the observatory network. Coupling observations from NEON terrestrial, atmospheric, and airborne programs will facilitate unique inquiries in ecohydrology. All NEON-generated data will be rigorously quality controlled and posted to an entirely open-access web portal. Proposals that expand the observatory scope through additional observations, sites, or experiments are encouraged. Thus, NEON represents an unprecedented and dynamic resource for fisheries researchers in the coming decades.
RESUMEN
La investigación pesquera en grandes escalas espacio-temporales, dentro de un ambiente cambiante, requiere de recursos científicos que van más allá de las capacidades de laboratorios individuales. En la presente contribución se introduce el programa “aquatics” concebido en el seno de una institución de reciente formación, el Observatorio Ecológico Nacional (NEON) que fue diseñado para mejorar de forma sustancial la escala de investigación espacio-temporal de las ciencias pesqueras. NEON recolectará datos de alta calidad, dentro de un periodo de 30 años, de distintos sitios distribuidos a lo largo de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, incluyendo Alaska, Hawái y Puerto Rico. Los datos incluirán cientos de medidas que cuantifican los atributos biológicos, químicos e hidrogeomorfológicos de arroyos, lagos y ríos que abarca el observatorio. El acoplamiento de observaciones de los programas terrestres, atmosféricos y aéreos de NEON facilitará la investigación eco-hidrológica. Todos los datos generados por NEON pasarán por un riguroso control de calidad y serán puestos a disposición del público en general en un portal de internet. Se exhortan aquellas propuestas que, a través de la adición de observaciones, sitios o experimentos, estén encaminadas a expandir el ámbito del observatorio. Así, NEON representa un recurso, dinámico y sin precedentes, para los investigadores pesqueros en las próximas décadas.
Experimental Infection of Australian Freshwater Fish with Epizootic Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus (EHNV)
Authors: Becker Joy A. , Tweedie Alison , Gilligan Dean , Asmus Martin , Whittington Richard J. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The ranavirus, epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV), is endemic to southern Australia with natural outbreaks resulting in mass mortality events in wild Redfin Perch Perca fluviatilis (also known as Eurasian Perch) and less severe disease in farmed Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. To further investigate the host range for EHNV, 12 ecologically or economically important freshwater fish species from southeastern Australia were exposed experimentally to the virus. A bath-challenge model at 18 ± 3°C was employed with limited use of intraperitoneal inoculation to determine if a species was likely to be susceptible to EHNV. Of the species tested, Murray–Darling Rainbowfish Melanotaenia fluviatilis and Dewfish Tandanus tandanus (also known as Freshwater Catfish) were considered to be potentially susceptible species. EHNV was isolated from approximately 7% of surviving Eastern Mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki, indicating this widespread alien fish species is a potential carrier. The infection of Silver Perch Bidyanus bidyanus and Macquarie Perch Macquaria australasica and the lack of infection in Murray Cod Maccullochella peelii peelii and Golden Perch Macquaria ambigua ambigua after exposure to EHNV via water confirmed earlier data from Langdon (1989). Five other species of native fish were potentially not susceptible to the virus or the fish were able to recover during the standard 35-d postchallenge observation period. Overall, it appeared that EHNV was less virulent in the present experimental model than in previous studies, but the reasons for this were not identified.
Received May 21, 2012; accepted November 1, 2012