bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does residential aged care need dental professionals? A qualitative study on dental professionals' perceptions in Australia
Authors: Britton Katherine F. , Durey Angela , O'Grady Martin J. , Slack‐Smith Linda M. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveAdults in residential aged care often retain their own teeth following restorative dental procedures during their lives. They may also have physical and psychological comorbidities impacting on oral health including side effects from medications. residents' poor oral hygiene, dental caries and periodontal disease raise questions about the quality of oral health care in aged care facilities. This paper presents findings from a study investigating dental professionals' perceptions of barriers and enablers to providing oral care to residents in such settings.Material and methodsFollowing university ethics approval, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 17 dental professionals [five dentists, three oral health therapists (OHTs) and nine dental hygienists] across Australia to address the issue. Interviews were transcribed and analysed for key themes, noting similarities and differences within and between groups that were compared to existing evidence.ResultsKey themes emerging from interviews included individual and organisational difficulties dental professionals experience when meeting residents' oral health needs; poor access to dental resources; limited oral health education for aged care staff; and lack of interprofessional collaboration. Suggested enablers to oral health included interprofessional education and practice, reflecting broader trends in health care that positively impact on health outcomes.ConclusionImproving residents' oral health requires appropriate organisational commitment to support dental and non‐dental health providers deliver high‐quality oral care. This study highlights the need to critically review barriers and enablers to providing such care, particularly as Australia's ageing population increases and longer periods are spent in residential aged care.
Dermoscopy of verrucous epidermal nevus: large brown circles as a novel feature for diagnosis
Authors: Carbotti Mattia , Coppola Rosa , Graziano Antonio , Verona Rinati Maria , Paolilli Francesco Luigi , Zanframundo Salvatore , Panasiti Vincenzo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe epidermal nevus is a hamartomatous proliferation of the epithelium that can involve keratinocytes, sebaceous glands, the pilosebaceous unit, and eccrine or apocrine glands. It occurs in one in 1000 live births and most commonly presents as the verrucous type. Dermoscopy is a non‐invasive technique commonly used to differentiate between melanocytic and non‐melanocytic lesions.ObjectivesThis study was performed to analyze dermoscopic aspects of verrucous epidermal nevi, which have not previously been described.MethodsDermoscopic analyses of eight different verrucous epidermal nevi were conducted. Each lesion was excised, and its diagnosis was histopathologically confirmed.ResultsIn non‐melanocytic lesions, a new dermoscopic feature of large brown circles was observed. This characteristic is useful in the diagnosis of verrucous epidermal nevi.ConclusionsLarge brown circles represent a specific dermoscopic feature for the diagnosis of verrucous epidermal nevus.
Povidone‐iodine induced post‐surgical irritant contact dermatitis localized outside of the surgical incision area. Report of 27 cases and a literature review
Authors: Borrego Leopoldo , Hernández Noelia , Hernández Zaida , Peñate Yeray 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundPovidone–iodine solution is an antiseptic that is used worldwide as surgical paint and is considered to have a low irritant potential. Post‐surgical severe irritant dermatitis has been described after the misuse of this antiseptic in the surgical setting.MethodsBetween January 2011 and June 2013, 27 consecutive patients with post‐surgical contact dermatitis localized outside of the surgical incision area were evaluated. Thirteen patients were also available for patch testing.ResultsAll patients developed dermatitis the day after the surgical procedure. Povidone‐iodine solution was the only liquid in contact with the skin of our patients. Most typical lesions were distributed in a double lumbar parallel pattern, but they were also found in a random pattern or in areas where a protective pad or an occlusive medical device was glued to the skin. The patch test results with povidone‐iodine were negative.ConclusionsPovidone‐iodine–induced post‐surgical dermatitis may be a severe complication after prolonged surgical procedures. As stated in the literature and based on the observation that povidone‐iodine–induced contact irritant dermatitis occurred in areas of pooling or occlusion, we speculate that povidone‐iodine together with occlusion were the causes of the dermatitis epidemic that occurred in our surgical setting. Povidone‐iodine dermatitis is a problem that is easily preventable through the implementation of minimal routine changes to adequately dry the solution in contact with the skin.
Uremic frost: a harbinger of impending renal failure
Authors: Saardi Karl M. , Schwartz Robert A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUremic frost is a striking cutaneous finding seen in patients with severe kidney disease. Familiarity with this condition can be a life‐saving signal to initiate urgent dialysis. Uremic frost generally occurs at blood urea nitrogen levels of approximately 200 mg/dl, although it may arise with less severe uremia. Recently confirmed urea transporters in the skin may play a role in the development of uremic frost. Alternatively, damage to the cutaneous microvasculature and pilosebaceous units, as seen in chronic kidney disease, could account for the high levels of urea deposited outside the skin. The treatment of uremic frost is largely aimed at correcting the underlying cause of uremia and the other life‐threatening conditions associated with renal failure.
Dermatology in the North American Indian/Alaska Native population
Authors: Kryatova Maria S. , Okoye Ginette A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDermatology is greatly understudied in the American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) population. This topic deserves attention in light of the changing demographics of the United States and the healthcare disparities faced by AIAN, including access to dermatologic care. In this review, we discuss disorders that are more prevalent or otherwise important in the AIAN population, such as cutaneous malignancies, photodermatoses, acanthosis nigricans, connective tissue disorders, cutaneous infections, hypertrophic scar formation, and Heck's disease. We aim to provide an updated review and increase awareness of the dermatologic needs of the AIAN population.
Medium‐dose ultraviolet A1 phototherapy and mRNA expression of TSLP, TARC, IL‐5, and IL‐13 in acute skin lesions in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Bogaczewicz Jaroslaw , Malinowska Karolina , Sysa‐Jedrzejowska Anna , Wozniacka Anna 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanisms responsible for the efficacy of ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) are not fully understood.ObjectivesThis study was designed to investigate mRNA expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), thymus‐ and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC), interleukin‐5 (IL‐5), and IL‐13 in AD before and after UVA1 therapy, to determine correlations among them, and to examine whether UVA1 influences their expression and whether it is associated with UVA1 efficacy.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with AD underwent medium‐dose UVA1 phototherapy. Before and after UVA1, biopsies from acute skin lesions were studied using reverse transcription and real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsLevels of mRNA TSLP correlated with those of TARC, IL‐5, and IL‐13, and levels of TARC correlated with those of IL‐5 and IL‐13, both before and after UVA1. Expression of IL‐5 correlated with that of IL‐13 only before UVA1. SCORAD (SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis) indices correlated with levels of TARC and IL‐5 before irradiation. After UVA1, no mRNA level correlated with the SCORAD index. Phototherapy with UVA1 improved SCORAD values (P < 0.001) and increased expression of TARC (P < 0.05) but did not affect mRNA expression of TSLP, IL‐5, or IL‐13.ConclusionsExpression levels of the mediators TSLP, TARC, IL‐5, and IL‐13 in AD are interrelated. Phototherapy with UVA1 improves SCORAD indices and increases expression of TARC but has no direct effects on the expression of other molecules. It is likely that UVA1 also interferes with or acts via intermediators on the link between IL‐5 and IL‐13.
Serum level of interleukin‐17A in patients with alopecia areata and its relationship to age
Authors: El‐Morsy Eman H. , Eid Amira A. , Ghoneim Hossam , Al‐Tameemi Khaleel A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is strong evidence for an autoimmune etiology of alopecia areata (AA). Interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) is a Th17 proinflammatory cytokine that has been linked to the pathogeneses of diverse autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.ObjectivesThis study aimed to measure serum IL‐17A in AA patients and to study associations between IL‐17A levels and AA severity, duration, and age of onset, and patient gender and age.MethodsThe study enrolled 39 AA patients and 37 healthy control subjects. Scalp involvement was assessed using the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT), and clinical disease severity was determined. Serum IL‐17A was measured using ELISAs.ResultsSerum IL‐17A was significantly higher in AA patients than in control subjects (P < 0.001). Correlations between serum IL‐17A and gender, disease duration, SALT score, and disease severity were non‐significant. Serum IL‐17A was significantly higher in patients aged ≤30 years than in patients aged >30 years (P = 0.045). Age and serum IL‐17A were significantly negatively correlated in patients with AA (rs = −0.363, P = 0.023) but not in control subjects (rs = −0.294, P = 0.077). Patients with juvenile‐onset AA had significantly higher IL‐17A levels than those with maturity‐onset disease (P = 0.034). There was a significant negative correlation between age at disease onset and serum IL‐17A (rs = −0.349, P = 0.029).ConclusionsIt is possible that IL‐17A plays a role in the pathogenesis of AA. Serum IL‐17A may be influenced by patient age and age of onset of AA but does not seem to influence disease severity.
Delusional infestation: a case series from a university dermatology center in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Martins Ana Claudia G. P. , Mendes Carolina P. , Nico Marcello M. S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundMonosymptomatic hypochondriac psychosis (MHP) patients present with a delusional ideation that revolves around one particular hypochondriac concern. Delusional infestation is the most common type of MHP seen by the dermatologist.ObjectivesThis study was designed to retrospectively investigate a group of patients with delusions of infestation seen in an academic medical center in São Paulo, Brazil.MethodsA retrospective study of patients presenting with delusional infestation between 2007 and 2014 was conducted. Records were reviewed to study personal data, symptoms, and treatments.ResultsThirty patients were studied (22 female, eight male). Their mean age was 58 years in men and 60 years in women. Twenty‐four patients spent most of their time at home (i.e. they were housewives, retired, or unemployed). The duration of disease varied from 3 months to 20 years. Fifteen patients brought in fragments of material that they believed to be parasites (“specimen sign”). Treatment consisted of the antipsychotic drugs pimozide (1–6 mg/d) or olanzapine (5–10 mg/d). Three patients did not return for follow‐up. Follow‐up varying from 2 months to 7 years was recorded in 24 patients. Two patients were treated with other psychoactive drugs prescribed by psychiatrists for additional psychiatric diagnoses. Control of symptoms was achieved in the majority of patients who underwent adequate follow‐up.ConclusionsDelusional infestation is an extremely chronic disease. Attempts to discontinue treatment in those patients in whom a lengthy follow‐up was performed inevitably resulted in symptom relapses.
Laser treatment of granuloma annulare: a review
Authors: Verne Sebastian H. , Kennedy Johnathan , Falto‐Aizpurua Leyre A. , Griffith Robert D. , Nouri Keyvan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGranuloma annulare (GA) is a benign asymptomatic dermatosis that typically manifests in papules arrayed in annular arrangements. Many methods of treatment have been used with variable degrees of success, but finding a consistent and long‐term treatment has proven a challenge. This study was conducted in order to review and evaluate the latest published research on the use of lasers in the treatment of GA. A systematic search of the National Library of Medicine's PubMed database was performed to identify relevant articles. Seven reports met the inclusion criteria for the review. Evidence for the use of pulsed dye laser, fractional photothermolysis, and excimer laser in the treatment of GA was found. Findings are limited by a lack of well‐designed clinical trials objectively evaluating the use of lasers in the treatment of GA. The literature review found a number of case reports and case series that report successful outcomes of the use of lasers in the treatment of GA. The promising results reported in the literature, coupled with the lack of a well‐designed review on this topic, reflect the importance of this article to the dermatologic literature as it emphasizes the need for larger and better‐designed studies on the use of lasers to treat GA.
Ruocco's immunocompromised cutaneous district
Authors: Piccolo Vincenzo , Baroni Adone , Russo Teresa , Schwartz Robert A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe concept of ‘locus minoris resistentiae’ (lmr) is an old but still effective way of thinking in Medicine. In Dermatology, there are many reports of privileged localization of cutaneous diseases on injured skin, which therefore represents a typical condition of lmr. Lately the innovative concept of immunocompromised cutaneous district (ICD) has been introduced to explain why a previously injured cutaneous site may become in time a privileged location for the outbreak of opportunistic infections, tumors, and immune reactions. An ample documentation of multifarious disorders (infectious, neoplastic, immune) appearing in ICDs was delineated by Ruocco et al. in 2009. These cases were grouped according to the clinical settings responsible for the local immune imbalance: regional chronic lymphedema; herpes‐infected sites, which feature the well‐known Wolf's isotopic response; and otherwise damaged areas, comprising sites of vaccination, ionizing or UV radiation, thermal burns, and traumas. In the following five years, what was a “novel” pathogenic concept has been extended to an enlarging variety of clinical conditions. This paper focuses on ICD and the expanding spectrum of this now established pathogenic concept.
Setting reference values in trichology
Authors: Rebora Alfredo , Guarrera Marcella , Drago Francesco , Rossi Alfredo , Fortuna Maria Caterina , D'Ovidio Roberto , Chieco Paolo , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Starace Michela 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn clinical trichology, reference values are often arbitrary. The difficulty in setting them up depends mostly on the presence of the androgenetic alopecia (AGA) genotype in subjects with clinically unapparent forms. Prepubertal children, who lack 5α‐reductase (a real indicator of the AGA phenotype), might provide reference values independent from AGA. We verified whether the vertex/occiput ratios (V/O) of hair density and the V/O of hair diameter are suitable parameters.MethodsIn sixty 4–10‐year‐old Caucasian children, we measured the ratio between the hair density at the vertex and the occiput. The same was done for the diameter.ResultsThe V/O of density averaged 1.07 ± 0.17 and the V/O of diameter 1.02 ± 0.11.ConclusionsTaking the mean ± 2SD as normal values, our “normal” V/O of density ranged between 0.73 and 1.41 and our “normal” V/0 of diameter between 0.8 and 1.24. People with lower ratios would have, therefore, AGA with 95% of probability. Moreover, we found that hair shedding using the hair pull test and the modified wash test come to 1‐2 hairs/day.
ZrB2–ZrCxN1−x Eutectic Composites Produced by Melt Solidification
Authors: Cheng Eric Jianfeng , Katsui Hirokazu , Goto Takashi 
Published: October 2015

Ceramic eutectics are naturally occurring in‐situ composites and can offer superior mechanical properties. Here, ZrB2–ZrCxN1−x quasi‐binary ceramic eutectic composites were produced by arc‐melting a mixture of ZrB2, ZrC, and ZrN powders in an N2 atmosphere. The arc‐melted ZrB2–ZrCxN1−x composites containing 50 mol% of ZrB2 (irrespective of the ZrC/ZrN ratio) showed rod‐like eutectic structures, where ZrCxN1−x single‐crystalline rods were dispersed in the ZrB2 single‐crystalline matrices. Multiple orientation relationships between the ZrCxN1−x rods and the ZrB2 matrices were observed, and one was determined as ZrB2 {} //ZrxN1−x {111} and ZrB2 < > //ZrCxN1−x < > . The rod‐like eutectic composites had higher hardness than the hypo‐ and hypereutectic composites and the 50ZrB2–40ZrC–10ZrN (mol%) eutectic composite showed the highest Vickers hardness (Hv) of 19 GPa.
Iron Deposition from Aluminosilicate Containing Trace Amount of Iron Oxide by Borate‐Enhanced Hydrogen Reduction
Authors: Tsuyumoto Isao 
Published: October 2015

Aluminosilicate containing 0.50 wt% of iron oxide as impurity yields metallic iron deposit by heating with sodium borate (3Na2O·B2O3) in H2 at 950°C, while it remains unchanged by heating without the borate under the same condition. The SEM and EDX measurements indicate that the metallic iron deposit is formed on the sodium borate glass layer. We first find that the reduction in minor constituents in oxides is enhanced by the addition of borate as a flux.
A Novel BiFeO3–BaTiO3–BaZrO3 Lead‐Free Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramic with Low‐Hysteresis and Frequency‐Insensitive Large Strains
Authors: Zheng Donggeng , Zuo Ruzhong 
Published: October 2015

A novel (0.67−x)BiFeO3–0.33BaTiO3–xBaZrO3 lead‐free relaxor ferroelectric ceramic was developed by a solid‐state reaction method. Measurements of temperature‐dependent dielectric permittivity and the polarization/strain hysteresis loops demonstrated an obvious evolution of dielectric relaxor behavior at room temperature (RT) from nonergodic to ergodic states. A significantly enhanced electrostrain of ~0.37% at 7 kV/mm with a relatively small hysteresis of ~39% and a low‐frequency sensitivity was found at x = 0.04, showing large potential for actuator applications. This was basically attributed to a rapid response of forward and backward switching between ergodic and ferroelectric phases owing to similar free energies and large local random fields.
Interplay of prior knowledge, self‐regulation and motivation in complex multimedia learning environments
Authors: Song H.S. , Kalet A.L. , Plass J.L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study examined the direct and indirect effects of medical clerkship students' prior knowledge, self‐regulation and motivation on learning performance in complex multimedia learning environments. The data from 386 medical clerkship students from six medical schools were analysed using structural equation modeling. The structural model revealed that medical students' prior knowledge directly positively affected their learning outcome, self‐efficacy and performance approach goal orientation. The learners' self‐regulation had a significant positive direct effect on learning outcome. The learners' mastery goal orientation directly affected their learning outcome. Interestingly, inconsistent with our hypothesis, the learners' performance approach goal orientation showed a significant negative direct effect on learning outcome, and performance avoidance goal orientation had a significant positive effect on learning outcome. These findings help develop a more comprehensive understanding of the role of individual characteristics on learning performance of complex tasks in multimedia learning environments.
Pre‐adapting parasitic phages to a pathogen leads to increased pathogen clearance and lowered resistance evolution with Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis bacterial isolates
Authors: Friman V‐P. , Soanes‐Brown D. , Sierocinski P. , Molin S. , Johansen H. K. , Merabishvili M. , Pirnay J‐P. , De Vos D. , Buckling A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRecent years have seen renewed interest in phage therapy – the use of viruses to specifically kill disease‐causing bacteria – because of the alarming rise in antibiotic resistance. However, a major limitation of phage therapy is the ease at with bacteria can evolve resistance to phages. Here, we determined whether in vitro experimental coevolution can increase the efficiency of phage therapy by limiting the resistance evolution of intermittent and chronic cystic fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung isolates to four different phages. We first pre‐adapted all phage strains against all bacterial strains and then compared the efficacy of pre‐adapted and nonadapted phages against ancestral bacterial strains. We found that evolved phages were more efficient in reducing bacterial densities than ancestral phages. This was primarily because only 50% of bacterial strains were able to evolve resistance to evolved phages, whereas all bacteria were able to evolve some level of resistance to ancestral phages. Although the rate of resistance evolution did not differ between intermittent and chronic isolates, it incurred a relatively higher growth cost for chronic isolates when measured in the absence of phages. This is likely to explain why evolved phages were more effective in reducing the densities of chronic isolates. Our data show that pathogen genotypes respond differently to phage pre‐adaptation, and as a result, phage therapies might need to be individually adjusted for different patients.
Speciation processes in putative island endemic sister bat species: false impressions from mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite data
Authors: Kuo Hao‐Chih , Chen Shiang‐Fan , Fang Yin‐Ping , Cotton James A. , Parker Joe D. , Csorba Gábor , Lim Burton K. , Eger Judith L. , Chen Chia‐Hong , Chou Cheng‐Han , Rossiter Stephen J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCases of geographically restricted co‐occurring sister taxa are rare and may point to potential divergence with gene flow. The two bat species Murina gracilis and Murina recondita are both endemic to Taiwan and are putative sister species. To test for nonallopatric divergence and gene flow in these taxa, we generated sequences using Sanger and next‐generation sequencing, and combined these with microsatellite data for coalescent‐based analyses. MtDNA phylogenies supported the reciprocally monophyletic sister relationship between M. gracilis and M. recondita; however, clustering of microsatellite genotypes revealed several cases of species admixture suggesting possible introgression. Sequencing of microsatellite flanking regions revealed that admixture signatures stemmed from microsatellite allele homoplasy rather than recent introgressive hybridization, and also uncovered an unexpected sister relationship between M. recondita and the continental species Murina eleryi, to the exclusion of M. gracilis. To dissect the basis of these conflicts between ncDNA and mtDNA, we analysed sequences from 10 anonymous ncDNA loci with *beast and isolation‐with‐migration and found two distinct clades of M. eleryi, one of which was sister to M. recondita. We conclude that Taiwan was colonized by the ancestor of M. gracilis first, followed by the ancestor of M. recondita after a period of allopatric divergence. After colonization, the mitochondrial genome of M. recondita was replaced by that of the resident M. gracilis. This study illustrates how apparent signatures of sympatric divergence can arise from complex histories of allopatric divergence, colonization and hybridization, thus highlighting the need for rigorous analyses to distinguish between such scenarios.