bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pladienolide B and Its 7‐Epimer with Insights into the Role of the Allylic Acetate.
Authors: Mueller Sarah , Sasse Florenz , Maier Martin E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe asymmetric synthesis of macrolactones pladienolide B (Ia) and its 7‐epimer (Ib) is described and their cytotoxicity against the L929 cell line is tested.
Parameters influencing dilute‐phase pneumatic conveying through pipe systems: A computational study by the Euler/Lagrange approach
Authors: Sommerfeld Martin , Lain Santiago 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe present contribution summarizes research related to the numerical computation of pneumatic conveying systems applying the Euler/Lagrange approach. For that purpose, a rigorous modelling of the particulate phase was aspired, including the relevant fluid dynamic forces, particle‐wall collisions with wall roughness and inter‐particle collisions. For the validation of the computations, experiments of Huber and Sommerfeld were selected for the conveying through a 80 mm stainless steel pipe with 5 m horizontal pipe, bend and 5 m vertical pipe. The majority of the computations were done for the same pipe system; however, in this instance, consisting of 150 mm stainless steel pipes. In these cases the average conveying velocity was 27 m/s and the particle mass loading was 0.3 (mass flow rate of particles/mass flow rate of air). For this configuration the influence of wall roughness, inter‐particle collisions, particle size, and mass loading on the resulting particle concentration distribution, the secondary flow as well as the pressure drop in the different pipe elements was analyzed. Moreover, a segregation parameter was defined which describes the location of the maximum particle concentration throughout the pipe system. The secondary flow intensity (SFI) was used to characterize the influence of the particle phase on the developing structure of the secondary flow.
Distribution of mixing efficiency in a split‐cylinder gas‐lift bioreactor for Yarrowia lipolytica suspensions
Authors: Caşcaval Dan , Matran Ramona Mihaela , Turnea Marius , Blaga Alexandra Cristina , Galaction Anca‐Irina 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe distribution of mixing efficiency in a split‐cylinder gas‐lift bioreactor has been investigated for Y. lipolytica suspensions with cells concentration varying between 10 and 50 g/l d.w. The results indicated important variation of mixing time on the height of riser or downcomer, as well as different behaviour of suspensions flows in these two regions. Thus, the less intense mixing for the upward circulation has been recorded for the bottom region, while the most efficient mixing was reached at the top position at higher biomass concentration and aeration rate. This variation is similar to that observed for the downcomer, the intermediary positions being associated with the lowest efficiency of mixing for concentrated yeast cells suspension, due to the bubbles entrapping coalescence and stratification phenomena. The influence of air input rate on turbulence extent is positive only for the superior regions of the riser. For the other positions inside the gas‐lift bioreactor this parameter effect depends on the biomass concentration. By means of the experimental data and using MATLAB software, mathematical correlations for mixing time have been proposed for each circulation region, taking into consideration both the operational parameters and the distance from the bioreactor bottom. These equations offer a good concordance with the experiment, the average deviation being 5.1 % for the riser and 5.6 % for the downcomer zone.
Reelin receptors ApoER2 and VLDLR are expressed in distinct spatiotemporal patterns in developing mouse cerebral cortex
Authors: Hirota Yuki , Kubo Ken‐ichiro , Katayama Kei‐ichi , Honda Takao , Fujino Takahiro , Yamamoto Tokuo T. , Nakajima Kazunori 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTIn mammalian developing brain, neuronal migration is regulated by a variety of signaling cascades, including Reelin signaling. Reelin is a glycoprotein that is mainly secreted by Cajal–Retzius neurons in the marginal zone, playing essential roles in the formation of the layered neocortex via its receptors, apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) and very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR). However, the precise mechanisms by which Reelin signaling controls the neuronal migration process remain unclear. To gain insight into how Reelin signaling controls individual migrating neurons, we generated monoclonal antibodies against ApoER2 and VLDLR and examined the localization of Reelin receptors in the developing mouse cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that VLDLR is localized to the distal portion of leading processes in the marginal zone (MZ), whereas ApoER2 is mainly localized to neuronal processes and the cell membranes of multipolar cells in the multipolar cell accumulation zone (MAZ). These different expression patterns may contribute to the distinct actions of Reelin on migrating neurons during both the early and late migratory stages in the developing cerebral cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:463–478, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatiotemporal profiles of dental pulp nociception in rat cerebral cortex: An optical imaging study
Authors: Nakamura Hiroko , Kato Risako , Shirakawa Tetsuo , Koshikawa Noriaki , Kobayashi Masayuki 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTSomatosensation is topographically organized in the primary (S1) and secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), which contributes to identify the region receiving sensory inputs. However, it is still unknown how somatosensory inputs from the oral region, especially nociceptive inputs from the teeth, are processed in the somatosensory cortex. We performed in vivo optical imaging and identified the precise cortical regions responding to electrical stimulation of the maxillary and mandibular dental pulp in rats. Electrical stimulation of the mandibular incisor pulp evoked neural excitation in two areas: the most rostroventral part of S1, and the ventral part of S2 caudal to the middle cerebral artery. Maxillary incisor pulp stimulation initially evoked responses only in the ventral part of S2, although later maximum responses were also observed in S1 similar to mandibular incisor stimulation responses. The maxillary and mandibular molar pulp‐responding regions were located in the most ventral S2, a part of which was histologically classified as the insular oral region (IOR). In terms of the initial responses, maxillary incisor and molar stimulation induced excitation in the S2/IOR rostral to the mandibular dental pulp‐responding region. Contrary to the spatially segregated initial responses, the maximum excitatory areas responding to both incisors and molars in the mandible and maxilla overlapped in S1 and the S2/IOR. Multielectrode extracellular recording supported the characteristic localization of S2/IOR neurons responding to mandibular and maxillary molar pulp stimulation. The discrete and overlapped spatial profiles of initial and maximum responses, respectively, may characterize nociceptive information processing of dental pain in the cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1162–1174, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Soliton Resolution for Equivariant Wave Maps to the Sphere
Authors: Côte Raphaël 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe consider finite energy corotational wave maps with target manifold . We prove that for a sequence of times, they decompose as a sum of decoupled harmonic maps in the light cone, and a smooth wave map (in the blowup case) or a linear scattering term (in the global case), up to an error which tends to 0 in the energy space. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving the user experience of the rCUDA remote GPU virtualization framework
Authors: Reaño Carlos , Silla Federico , Castelló Adrián , Peña Antonio J. , Mayo Rafael , Quintana‐Ortí Enrique S. , Duato José 
Published: October 2014

SummaryGraphics processing units (GPUs) are being increasingly embraced by the high‐performance computing community as an effective way to reduce execution time by accelerating parts of their applications. remote CUDA (rCUDA) was recently introduced as a software solution to address the high acquisition costs and energy consumption of GPUs that constrain further adoption of this technology. Specifically, rCUDA is a middleware that allows a reduced number of GPUs to be transparently shared among the nodes in a cluster. Although the initial prototype versions of rCUDA demonstrated its functionality, they also revealed concerns with respect to usability, performance, and support for new CUDA features. In response, in this paper, we present a new rCUDA version that (1) improves usability by including a new component that allows an automatic transformation of any CUDA source code so that it conforms to the needs of the rCUDA framework, (2) consistently features low overhead when using remote GPUs thanks to an improved new communication architecture, and (3) supports multithreaded applications and CUDA libraries. As a result, for any CUDA‐compatible program, rCUDA now allows the use of remote GPUs within a cluster with low overhead, so that a single application running in one node can use all GPUs available across the cluster, thereby extending the single‐node capability of CUDA. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating automatically parallelized versions of the support vector machine
Authors: Codreanu Valeriu , Dröge Bob , Williams David , Yasar Burhan , Yang Po , Liu Baoquan , Dong Feng , Surinta Olarik , Schomaker Lambert R.B. , Roerdink Jos B.T.M. , Wiering Marco A. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe support vector machine (SVM) is a supervised learning algorithm used for recognizing patterns in data. It is a very popular technique in machine learning and has been successfully used in applications such as image classification, protein classification, and handwriting recognition. However, the computational complexity of the kernelized version of the algorithm grows quadratically with the number of training examples. To tackle this high computational complexity, we have developed a directive‐based approach that converts a gradient‐ascent based training algorithm for the CPU to an efficient graphics processing unit (GPU) implementation. We compare our GPU‐based SVM training algorithm to the standard LibSVM CPU implementation, a highly optimized GPU‐LibSVM implementation, as well as to a directive‐based OpenACC implementation. The results on different handwritten digit classification datasets demonstrate an important speed‐up for the current approach when compared to the CPU and OpenACC versions. Furthermore, our solution is almost as fast and sometimes even faster than the highly optimized CUBLAS‐based GPU‐LibSVM implementation, without sacrificing the algorithm's accuracy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Production and Separation of Biodegradable Surfactants from Cellulose in 1‐Butyl‐3‐Methylimidazolium Chloride
Authors: Puga Alberto V. , Corma Avelino 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAlkyl glycoside biodegradable surfactants were produced from cellulose and 1‐octanol or 1‐dodecanol in a one‐pot, two‐step (hydrolysis–glycosidation) process in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride. Both surfactant productivity and separation efficiencies have been strikingly enhanced compared to other previously reported ionic liquid processes. Production temperatures were decreased to limit the extent of glucose dehydration and further degradation processes, but the conversions remained high. Surfactant molar yields up to 72 % were achieved by operating at 70 °C. Several separation procedures were tested to achieve high recoveries of both surfactant and ionic liquid. The use of a silica stationary phase was useful for isolation of the surfactant, whereas crystallization of the ionic liquid improved its separation efficiency. Finally, the precipitation of dodecyl glycosides in aqueous media was highly efficient for their isolation and for the recovery (>99 %) of the ionic liquid by using only water as the solvent for separation.
Path Integral Formalism for Line Broadening in Plasmas: Lyman‐α case
Authors: Bedida N. , Meftah M. T. , Difallah M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractUsing the path integral formalism, the fine structure and dynamics effects are taken into account for the study of the spectral line broadening in plasmas. A compact expression of the dipolar autocorrelation function (DAF) for an emitter in the plasma is derived for Lyman alpha lines with fine structure. The expression of the DAF takes into account the dynamics effects, which are represented by the time autocorrelation function of the electric microfield. The spectral line for the Lyman‐alpha case has been obtained in a compact form and plotted in the quasi‐static approximation and compared to a line obtained by a simulation. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ion Drift Measurements Around a Grounded Sphere in Magnetized Sub‐Sonic Plasma Flows
Authors: Brunner K. J. , Grulke O. , Niemczyk D. , Klinger T. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe ion kinetics around a spherical object immersed in a sub‐sonic flowing plasma has been investigated by non‐invasive laser induced fluorescence for direct measurement of the ion velocity distribution function. The measurements are compared to Langmuir probe and emissive probe measurements. Indications for ion focusing as observed by previous works were observed. The plasma under observation was varied in magnetization and mean parallel plasma drift. The experiments were conducted in the linear plasma device VINETA at the Max‐Planck‐Institute for Plasma Physics in Greifswald. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On a possible evolutionary link of the stomochord of hemichordates to pharyngeal organs of chordates
Authors: Satoh Noriyuki , Tagawa Kunifumi , Lowe Christopher J. , Yu Jr‐Kai , Kawashima Takeshi , Takahashi Hiroki , Ogasawara Michio , Kirschner Marc , Hisata Kanako , Su Yi‐Hsien , Gerhart John 
Published: October 2014

SummaryAs a group closely related to chordates, hemichordate acorn worms are in a key phylogenic position for addressing hypotheses of chordate origins. The stomochord of acorn worms is an anterior outgrowth of the pharynx endoderm into the proboscis. In 1886 Bateson proposed homology of this organ to the chordate notochord, crowning this animal group “hemichordates.” Although this proposal has been debated for over a century, the question still remains unresolved. Here we review recent progress related to this question. First, the developmental mode of the stomochord completely differs from that of the notochord. Second, comparison of expression profiles of genes including Brachyury, a key regulator of notochord formation in chordates, does not support the stomochord/notochord homology. Third, FoxE that is expressed in the stomochord‐forming region in acorn worm juveniles is expressed in the club‐shaped gland and in the endostyle of amphioxus, in the endostyle of ascidians, and in the thyroid gland of vertebrates. Based on these findings, together with the anterior endodermal location of the stomochord, we propose that the stomochord has evolutionary relatedness to chordate organs deriving from the anterior pharynx rather than to the notochord. genesis 52:925–934, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes Containing Six‐Membered N‐Heterocyclic Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, Interaction with DNA, DFT Calculation, and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Sun Ya‐guang , Guo Ying , Sun Di , Zhu Ming‐chang , Ding Fu , Liu Yi‐nan , Gao En‐jun , Wang Shu‐ju , Xiong Gang , Dragutan Ileana , Dragutan Valerian 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFour novel complexes based on the ligand piperazine (Pip) in a chair conformation have been synthesized, namely [Pd(5,5′‐dcbpy)Pip]·4H2O (1), [Pt(5,5′‐dcbpy)Pip]·3H2O (2), [Pd(4,4′‐dcbpy)Pip]·4H2O (3), and [Pt(4,4′‐dcbpy)Pip]·2H2O (4; 4,4′‐dcbpy = 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate, 5,5′‐dcbpy = 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐5,5′‐dicarboxylate). The four complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. In addition, gel electrophoresis was performed on the four complexes and further insight into these complexes was gained by quantum chemistry calculations. The interaction of these complexes with fish sperm DNA (FS‐DNA) was studied by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, which revealed that they have the ability to bind to FS‐DNA. The IC50 values of the four complexes range from 8.3 to 32.5 μM. Finally, we studied the cytotoxic activities of complexes 1–4 against two different cancer cell lines.
Unprecedented Borylene Insertion into a C–N Bond
Authors: Ghadwal Rajendra S. , Schürmann Christian J. , Engelhardt Felix , Steinmetzger Christian 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Rajendra S. Ghadwal at Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen, Germany. The cover image shows insertion of a borylene into a C–N bond with an N‐heterocyclic olefin (NHO) ligand.
Di‐tert‐butylneopentylphosphine (DTBNpP): An Efficient Ligand in the Palladium‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Ketones
Authors: Raders Steven M. , Jones Jessica M. , Semmes Jeffrey G. , Kelley Steven P. , Rogers Robin D. , Shaughnessy Kevin H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDi‐tert‐butylneopentylphosphine (DTBNpP) and palladium(II) acetate provide an efficient catalytic system for the α‐arylation of ketones. Aryl bromides were coupled with ketones using 0.25–0.5 mol‐% Pd(OAc)2/DTBNpP in toluene at 50 °C, whereas aryl chlorides required a higher catalyst loading (0.5–2.0 mol‐%) and a higher temperature (80 °C). Coupling of 2‐bromophenol with ketones using the Pd/DTBNpP system provides an efficient route for the synthesis of benzofurans.
Modified Gold Surfaces with Gold Nanoparticles and 6‐(Ferrocenyl)hexanethiol: Design of a Mediated Microbial Sensor
Authors: Yildirim Nimet , Demirkol Dilek Odaci , Timur Suna 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHerein, a mediated Gluconobacter oxydans biosensor was constructed by immobilizing the intact cells on the modified gold electrode. The surface was initially modified with gold nanoparticles and then, self‐assembled monolayers were formed by using 6‐(ferrocenyl) hexanethiol. Finally, G. oxydans cells were adsorbed onto the surfaces and the bio‐active layer was covered with a dialysis membrane. As well as the response characteristics, stabilities and substrate specificities ere investigated.
The scent of human diseases: a review on specific volatile organic compounds as diagnostic biomarkers
Authors: Buljubasic Fanis , Buchbauer Gerhard 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe use of body odours, emitted in the form of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), has become the focus of scientific research in recent years.Diseases such as cancer, metabolic disorders, infections and some other diseases can change the components of daily VOCs, often leading to the production of disease‐specific VOCs that might be used as diagnostic biomarkers if detected early enough. We summarize here scientific publications (2003–2013) related to the study of VOCs in human diseases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Putting the Patient in Patient Reported Outcomes: A Robust Methodology for Health Outcomes Assessment
Authors: McCarthy Ian M. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryWhen analyzing many health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQoL) outcomes, statistical inference is often based on the summary score formed by combining the individual domains of the HRQoL profile into a single measure. Through a series of Monte Carlo simulations, this paper illustrates that reliance solely on the summary score may lead to biased estimates of incremental effects, and I propose a novel two‐stage approach that allows for unbiased estimation of incremental effects. The proposed methodology essentially reverses the order of the analysis, from one of ‘aggregate, then estimate’ to one of ‘estimate, then aggregate’. Compared to relying solely on the summary score, the approach also offers a more patient‐centered interpretation of results by estimating regression coefficients and incremental effects in each of the HRQoL domains, while still providing estimated effects in terms of the overall summary score. I provide an application to the estimation of incremental effects of demographic and clinical variables on HRQoL following surgical treatment for adult scoliosis and spinal deformity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HOME ENVIRONMENTS OF INFANTS FROM IMMIGRANT FAMILIES IN THE UNITED STATES: FINDINGS FROM THE NEW IMMIGRANT SURVEY
Authors: Bradley Robert H. , Pennar Amy , Glick Jennifer 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTData from the New Immigrant Survey were used to describe the home environments of 638 children ages birth to 3 years whose parents legally immigrated to the United States. Thirty‐two indicators of home conditions were clustered into four domains: discipline and socioemotional in support, learning materials, enriching experiences, and family activities. Results revealed variation in how frequently infants from every country (Mexico, El Salvador, India, Philippines) and region (East Asia, Europe, Caribbean, Africa) studied experienced each home environmental condition. There were differences between countries and regions on many indicators as well as differences based on parents’ level of education. The experiences documented for children of recent legal immigrants were similar to those documented for children of native‐born families in other studies.
Pre‐existing immunity to adeno‐associated virus (AAV)2 limits transgene expression following intracerebral AAV2‐based gene delivery in a 6‐hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Janelidze Shorena , Nordström Ulrika , Kügler Sebastian , Brundin Patrik 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundAdeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors are used to deliver potentially therapeutic genes in clinical trials in Parkinson's disease (PD). Pre‐existing immunity to AAV and a local neuroinflammatory response might negatively affect the efficacy of such AAV‐mediated gene delivery.MethodsWe pre‐immunized rats with wild‐type AAV‐2. Three months later, we created PD‐like lesions by intrastriatal injections of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) in 50% of the animals. One month later, we injected AAV2 vector expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in the striatum. Using immunohistochemistry, we assessed eGFP expression, microglia activation and CD8 T cell infiltration. We also measured AAV‐2 specific neutralizing antibody titers in the serum.ResultsThe number of striatal cells transduced with AAV2 vector expressing eGFP was reduced by 71% in rats pre‐immunized with wild‐type AAV2 compared to non‐immunized animals. We detected elevated numbers of OX6+ activated microglia in the striatum and circulating AAV2‐specific neutralizing antibodies in pre‐immunized rats. We also observed that the intrastriatal 6‐OHDA injection promoted CD8+ T cell infiltration and enhanced microglia activation. Nevertheless, the 6‐OHDA lesion did not alter AAV2‐mediated expression of eGFP in either pre‐immunized or non‐immunized rats.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that intracerebral AAV2‐based gene therapy is compromised in rats with pre‐existing immunity to AAV2. By contrast, a local neuroinflammatory response, caused by intrastriatal a 6‐OHDA injection, does not affect viral vector‐mediated transgene expression. Our results emphasize the importance of monitoring circulating AAV‐specific neutralizing antibodies in patients undergoing intracerebral gene therapy using AAV vectors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.