bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of emergency department observation units on United States emergency department admission rates
Authors: Capp Roberta , Sun Benjamin , Boatright Dowin , Gross Cary 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVEPrior studies suggesting that the presence of emergency department (ED) observation units decrease overall ED hospital admissions have been either single‐center studies or based on model simulations. The objective of this preliminary national study is to determine if the presence of ED observation units is associated with hospitals having lower ED admission rates.METHODSWe conducted a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis using the 2010 National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey and estimated ED risk‐standardized hospital admission rates (RSHAR) for each center. The following were excluded from the study: ages <18 years, leaving prior to completion of ED visit, died in the ED, transferred to another facility, and missing disposition. Hospitals with less than 30 ED visits or unknown observation unit status were also excluded. We used linear regression analysis to determine the association between ED RSHAR and presence of observation units.RESULTSThere were 24,232 ED visits in 315 hospitals in the United States. Of these, 82 (20.6%) hospitals had an ED observation unit. The average ED risk‐standardized hospital admission rates for hospitals with observation units and without hospital observation units were 13.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.3–16.0) and 16.0% (95% CI: 14.1–17.7), respectively. The difference of 2.3% was not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONSIn this preliminary study, we did not find an association between the presence of observation units and ED hospital admission rates. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be performed to further evaluate the impact of ED observation units on ED hospital admission rates. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:738–742. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Ageing Migrants and the Creation of Home: Mobility and the Maintenance of Transnational Ties
Authors: Buffel Tine 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper combines two strands of literature that hitherto have often been kept separate in studies of ageing migrants: research in environmental gerontology on the one hand and work dealing with transnational migration on the other. In doing so, it aims to contribute to the understanding of the ways in which ageing migrants experience the notion of ‘home’, both as a location and a set of relationships that contribute to feelings of belonging and identity. The paper is based on 34 interviews with first‐generation Turkish migrants living in inner‐city districts of Brussels. The paper reviews the variety of ways in which ‘home’ is experienced and created, the constraints and environmental pressures which may prevent people from developing a sense of home, and the meaning of transnational ties and mobility for the experience of home. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
G‐CSF administration attenuates brain injury in rats following carbon monoxide poisoning via different mechanisms
Authors: Ghorbani Maryam , Mohammadpour Amir Hooshang , Abnous Khalil , Movassaghi Ahmad Reza , Sarshoori Javad Raouf , Shahsavand Shabnam , Hashemzaei Mahmoud , Moallem Seyed Adel 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTAcute severe carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning induces hypoxia that leads to cardiovascular and nervous systems disturbances. Different complex mechanisms lead to CO neurotoxicity including lipid peroxidation, inflammatory and immune‐mediated reactions, myelin degeneration and finally neuronal apoptosis and necrosis. Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) is considered to be a novel neuroprotective agent. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of G‐CSF therapy on CO neurotoxicity in rats with acute CO poisoning. Rats were exposed to 3000 ppm CO in air (0.3%) for 1 h, and then different doses (50,100, and 150 µg/kg) of G‐CSF or normal saline were administrated intraperitoneally. Water content of brain as an indicator for total edema and blood brain barrier integrity (Evans blue extravasation) were evaluated. Malondialydehyde was determined in order to evaluate the effect of G‐CSF on CO‐induced lipid peroxidation in brain tissues. Also, the effect of G‐CSF on myeloperoxidase activity in the brain tissue was evaluated. The effect of G‐CSF administration on induced apoptosis in the brain was measured using TUNEL method. To evaluate the level of MBP, STAT3 and pSTAT3 and HO‐1 proteins and the effect of G‐CSF on these proteins Western blotting was carried out. G‐CSF reduced water content of the edematous poisoned brains (100 µg/kg) and BBB permeability (100 and 150 µg/kg) (P < 0.05). G‐CSF (150 µg/kg) reduced the MDA level in the brain tissues (P < 0.05 as compared to CO poisoned animals). G‐CSF did not decrease the MPO activity after CO poisoning in any doses. G‐CSF significantly reduced the number of apoptotic neurons and Caspase 3 protein levels in the brain. Western blotting results showed that G‐CSF treatment enhanced expression of HO‐1 and MBP, STAT3 and pSTAT3 proteins in the brain tissues. Based on our results, a single dose of G‐CSF immediately after CO poisoning significantly attenuates CO neurotoxicity via different mechanisms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 37–47, 2017.
Children's online coping strategies: Rethinking coping typologies in a risk‐specific approach
Authors: Vandoninck Sofie , d'Haenens Leen 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how children deal with problematic situations online is helpful in developing efficient awareness raising and online resilience building initiatives. In this article, we will discuss and develop typologies for online coping strategies. In a school survey, 2046 Flemish children aged 10–16 were asked about how they (would) respond when confronted with different types of online risks. Using principal component analyses and multi‐dimensional scaling, we identified different types of cross‐risk and risk‐specific coping strategies, and explored which types of coping have similar underlying meanings. The results suggest to distinguish behavioral avoidance tactics from mere passive responses or indifference. Young people tend to perceive online coping strategies along two dimensions: engagement versus disengagement and technical versus non‐technical measures. Behavioral avoidance is popular among younger children and is associated with a medium level of active engagement and often combined with communicative approaches. Girls are more communicative and respond more proactively.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Veterans' In‐home Program for Military Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury and Their Families: Report on Impact for Family Members
Authors: Moriarty Helene , Winter Laraine , Robinson Keith , Piersol Catherine Verrier , Vause‐Earland Tracey , Iacovone Delores Blazer , Newhart Brian , True Gala , Fishman Deborah , Hodgson Nancy , Gitlin Laura N. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) creates many challenges for families as well as for patients. Few intervention studies have considered both the needs of the person with TBI and his or her family and included both in the intervention process. To address this gap, we designed an innovative intervention for veterans with TBI and families—the Veterans' In‐home Program (VIP)—targeting veterans' environment, delivered in veterans' homes, and involving their families.ObjectivesTo determine whether the VIP is more effective than standard outpatient clinic care in improving family members' well‐being in 3 domains (depressive symptoms, burden, and satisfaction) and to assess its acceptability to family members.DesignIn this randomized controlled trial, 81 dyads (veteran/family member) were randomly assigned to VIP or an enhanced usual care control condition. Randomization occurred after the baseline interview. Follow‐up interviews occurred 3‐4 months after baseline, and the interviewer was blinded to group assignment.SettingInterviews and intervention sessions were conducted in veterans' homes or by telephone.ParticipantsA total of 81 veterans with TBI recruited from a Veterans Affairs (VA) polytrauma program and a key family member for each participated. Of the 81 family members, 63 completed the follow‐up interview.InterventionThe VIP, guided by the person–environment fit model, consisted of 6 home visits and 2 telephone calls delivered by occupational therapists over a 3‐ to 4‐month period. Family members were invited to participate in the 6 home sessions.Main Outcome MeasuresFamily member well‐being was operationally defined as depressive symptomatology, caregiver burden, and caregiver satisfaction 3‐4 months after baseline. Acceptability was operationally defined through 3 indicators.ResultsFamily members in the VIP showed significantly lower depressive symptom scores and lower burden scores when compared to controls at follow‐up. Satisfaction with caregiving did not differ between groups. Family members' acceptance of the intervention was high.ConclusionsVIP represents the first evidence‐based intervention that considers both the veteran with TBI and the family. VIP had a significant impact on family member well‐being and thus addresses a large gap in previous research and services for families of veterans with TBI.
Inverting Donaldson’s Framework: A Managerial Approach To International Conflicts Of Cultural And Economic Norms
Authors: Stark Andrew 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT:Thomas Donaldson’s framework for dealing with value-conflicts between a manager’s home and host country distinguishes between a “conflict of relative [economic] development”—conflicting norms that arise because home and host are at two different stages of economic development—and a “conflict of culture,” which arises because the home and host’s different cultures generate conflicting norms on the issue the manager faces. My question here is a thought experiment. What different insights might emerge if we flipped Donaldson’s framework around? Specifically: What if we viewed the kinds of conflicts that fall under Donaldson’s “conflicts of culture” as arising not because the home and host exhibit a “fundamental” conflict in cultural norms, but because they are at two different stages ofculturaldevelopment? And what if we viewed “conflicts of relative economic development” as conflicts that occur not because home and host are at two different stages of economic development but, simply, because their economies contemporaneously interact with each other in ways that generate normative conflict: call them “conflicts of economy”?
The analogical modeling of linguistic categories
Authors: CHANDLER STEVE 
Published: October 2015

abstractIn recent years proponents of usage-based linguistics have singled out ‘categorization’ as possibly the fundamental cognitive operation underlying the acquisition and use of language. Despite this increasing appeal to the importance of categorization, few researchers have yet offered explicit interpretations of how linguistic categories might be represented in the brain other than vague allusions to prototype theory, especially as implemented in connectionist-like frameworks. In this paper, I discuss in some detail the implications of superimposing the theoretical representations of linguistic structures onto domain-general models of categorization. I first review the evidence that instance-based, or exemplar-based, models of categorization provide empirically and theoretically better models of both domain-general categorization and of linguistic categorization than do the most commonly cited alternative models. I then argue that of the three exemplar-based models currently being applied to linguistic data, Skousen’s Analogical Model (AM) appears to provide the simplest, most straightforward account of the data and that it appears to be fully compatible with our current understanding of the psychological capabilities and operations that underlie categorization behavior.
China's Campaign to Build a New Socialist Countryside: Village Modernization, Peasant Councils, and the Ganzhou Model of Rural Development
Authors: Looney Kristen E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSince the mid-2000s, the Chinese government has promoted village modernization under the banner of “building a new socialist countryside.” To explain the origins and outcomes of this policy, this article examines the case of Ganzhou city in Jiangxi province. Ganzhou became a national model for rural development known for involving organizations called peasant councils in policy implementation. The study found that despite an initial emphasis on rural participation and moderate change, the new socialist countryside evolved into a top-down campaign to demolish and reconstruct villages. Three factors shaped this process: the strength of bureaucratic mobilization, the weakness of rural organizations, and shifting national policy priorities. After obtaining model status, Ganzhou's rural policy became more ambitious and politicized, leaving little space for participation. This insight suggests there are both benefits and costs to China's policy process. Despite the advantages of policy innovation, scaling up local experiments may actually undermine their success.
Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) SCNT embryos produced from somatic cells isolated from frozen–thawed semen: effect of trichostatin A on the in vitro and in vivo developmental potential, quality and epigenetic status
Authors: Selokar Naresh L. , Saini Monika , Agrawal Himanshu , Palta Prabhat , Chauhan Manmohan S. , Manik Radheysham , Singla Suresh K 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThis study examined the effects of trichostatin A (TSA) treatment of reconstructed buffalo embryos, produced by hand-made cloning using somatic cells isolated from over a decade old frozen–thawed semen, on their in vitro and in vivo developmental competence, quality and epigenetic status. Following treatment of reconstructed embryos with TSA (0, 50 or 75 nM) for 10 h prior to culture, the cleavage (100.0 ± 0, 94.5 ± 2.3 and 96.1 ± 1.2%, respectively) and blastocyst rate (50.6 ± 2.3, 48.4 ± 2.7 and 48.1 ± 2.6%, respectively), total cell number (275 ± 17.4, 289 ± 30.1 and 317 ± 24.2, respectively) and apoptotic index (5.6 ± 0.7, 3.4 ± 0.9 and 4.5 ± 1.4, respectively) were not significantly different among the three groups. However, TSA treatment increased (P < 0.05) the global level of H4K5ac and decreased (P < 0.05) that of H3K27me3 in blastocysts whereas the global level of H3K18ac was not affected significantly. Transfer of embryos treated with 75 nM TSA (n = 10) to recipients resulted in two pregnancies (20%), one out of which was aborted in the second and the other in the third trimester whereas transfer of control embryos (n = 20) or those treated with 50 nM TSA (n = 12) did not result in any pregnancy. In conclusion, these results suggest that TSA treatment of cloned buffalo embryos produced using somatic cells isolated from frozen–thawed semen improved their epigenetic status but not the in vitro developmental potential and offspring rate.
Measurement Uncertainty of Microscopic Laser Triangulation on Technical Surfaces
Authors: Mueller Thomas , Poesch Andreas , Reithmeier Eduard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLaser triangulation is widely used to measure three-dimensional structure of surfaces. The technique is suitable for macroscopic and microscopic surface measurements. In this paper, the measurement uncertainty of laser triangulation is investigated on technical surfaces for microscopic measurement applications. Properties of technical surfaces are, for example, reflectivity, surface roughness, and the presence of scratches and pores. These properties are more influential in the microscopic laser triangulation than in the macroscopic one. In the Introduction section of this paper, the measurement uncertainty of laser triangulation is experimentally investigated for 13 different specimens. The measurements were carried out with and without a laser speckle reducer. In the Materials and Methods section of this paper, the surfaces of the 13 specimens are characterized in order to be able to find correlations between the surface properties and the measurement uncertainty. The last section of this paper describes simulations of the measurement uncertainty, which allow for the calculation of the measurement uncertainty with only one source of uncertainty present. The considerations in this paper allow for the assessment of the measurement uncertainty of laser triangulation on any technical surface when some surface properties, such as roughness, are known.
Legislating against humanitarian principles: A case study on the humanitarian implications of Australian counterterrorism legislation
Authors: Wynn-Pope Phoebe , Zegenhagen Yvette , Kurnadi Fauve 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe humanitarian principles – humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence – have come to characterize effective humanitarian action, particularly in situations of armed conflict, and have provided a framework for the broader humanitarian system. Modern counterterrorism responses are posing significant challenges to these principles and the feasibility of conducting principled humanitarian assistance and protection activities. This article explores the origins of the principles, the history behind their development, and their contemporary contribution to humanitarian action. The article then discusses some of the ways in which the principles are threatened, both by practice and by law, in the Australian context, and finally makes suggestions as to how the principles can be reclaimed and protected for the future of effective, impartial humanitarian action.
Does Gender Moderate the Relationship between Callous-Unemotional Traits and Physical Aggression?
Authors: Nwafor Chidozie E. , Onyeizugbo Euckay U. , Anazonwu Charles O. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe study investigates the interaction effect of callous-unemotional (CU) traits and gender on physical aggression among Nigerian adolescents. Two hundred and ninety five (295) senior secondary school students who were between 14–16 years of age participated in the study. These participants included boys (152) and girls (143). They were selected from a public senior secondary school in Anambra a South Eastern State of Nigeria and all the participants were of Igbo ethnic group. The raw data for Callous-unemotional traits and Physical Aggression were collected using Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) by Frick (2004) and Aggression Scale by Orpinas and Frankowski (2001) respectively. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, and conditional process analysis (model number 1; Hayes, 2013). The results showed that gender correlated significantly with uncaring and physical aggression but did not correlate significantly with CU and callousness. The results further showed that gender, CU traits, uncaring and callousness subscales significantly predicted physical aggression. Gender also moderated the effect of CU traits and uncaring on physical aggression, but did not moderate the effect of callousness on physical aggression. The discussion focused on the ways of helping individuals with high level of CU traits to reduce aggression, also the limitations of the study, suggestions for further studies and the implications of the finding were highlighted.
Numb is required to prevent p53-dependent senescence following skeletal muscle injury
Authors: Le Roux Isabelle , Konge Julie , Le Cam Laurent , Flamant Patricia , Tajbakhsh Shahragim 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRegeneration relies on coordinated action of multiple cell types to reconstitute the damaged tissue. Here we inactivate the endocytic adaptor protein Numb in skeletal muscle stem cells prior to chronic or severe muscle injury in mice. We observe two types of senescence in regenerating muscle; a transient senescence in non-myogenic cells of control and Numb mutant mice that partly depends on INK4a/ARF activity, and a persistent senescence in myogenic cells lacking Numb. The senescence levels of Numb-deficient muscle is reduced to wild type levels by an anti-oxidant treatment or p53 ablation, resulting in functional rescue of the regenerative potential in Numb mutants. Ex vivo experiments suggest that Numb-deficient senescent cells recruit macrophages to sustain inflammation and drive fibrosis, two hallmarks of the impaired muscle regeneration in Numb mutants. These findings provide insights into previously reported developmental and oncogenic senescence that are also differentially regulated by p53.
High-temperature water–rock interactions and hydrothermal environments in the chondrite-like core of Enceladus
Authors: Sekine Yasuhito , Shibuya Takazo , Postberg Frank , Hsu Hsiang-Wen , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Masaki Yuka , Kuwatani Tatsu , Mori Megumi , Hong Peng K. , Yoshizaki Motoko , Tachibana Shogo , Sirono Sin-iti 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIt has been suggested that Saturn’s moon Enceladus possesses a subsurface ocean. The recent discovery of silica nanoparticles derived from Enceladus shows the presence of ongoing hydrothermal reactions in the interior. Here, we report results from detailed laboratory experiments to constrain the reaction conditions. To sustain the formation of silica nanoparticles, the composition of Enceladus’ core needs to be similar to that of carbonaceous chondrites. We show that the presence of hydrothermal reactions would be consistent with NH3- and CO2-rich plume compositions. We suggest that high reaction temperatures (>50 °C) are required to form silica nanoparticles whether Enceladus’ ocean is chemically open or closed to the icy crust. Such high temperatures imply either that Enceladus formed shortly after the formation of the solar system or that the current activity was triggered by a recent heating event. Under the required conditions, hydrogen production would proceed efficiently, which could provide chemical energy for chemoautotrophic life.
Lipophilic prodrugs of nucleoside triphosphates as biochemical probes and potential antivirals
Authors: Gollnest Tristan , de Oliveira Thiago Dinis , Schols Dominique , Balzarini Jan , Meier Chris 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe antiviral activity of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors is often limited by ineffective phosphorylation. We report on a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) prodrug approach in which the γ-phosphate of NTPs is bioreversibly modified. A series of TriPPPro-compounds bearing two lipophilic masking units at the γ-phosphate and d4T as a nucleoside analogue are synthesized. Successful delivery of d4TTP is demonstrated in human CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell extracts by an enzyme-triggered mechanism with high selectivity. In antiviral assays, the compounds are potent inhibitors of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in CD4+ T-cell (CEM) cultures. Highly lipophilic acyl residues lead to higher membrane permeability that results in intracellular delivery of phosphorylated metabolites in thymidine kinase-deficient CEM/TK− cells with higher antiviral activity than the parent nucleoside.