bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of orexin A and its receptor 1 in the human prostate
Authors: Valiante Salvatore , Liguori Giovanna , Tafuri Simona , Campese Roberto , Monaco Roberto , Paino Salvatore , Laforgia Vincenza , Staiano Norma , Vittoria Alfredo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe peptides orexin A (OXA) and orexin B, deriving from the cleavage of the precursor molecule prepro‐orexin, bind two G‐coupled transmembrane receptors, named as receptor 1 (OX1R) and receptor 2 for orexin, showing different affinity‐binding properties. First discovered in the rat hypothalamus, orexins and their receptors have been also found in many peripheral tissues where they exert neuroendocrine, autocrine and paracrine functions. Because inconclusive data on their localization in the mammalian prostate are reported, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of prepro‐orexin, OXA and OX1R in the human normal and hyperplastic gland. Immunohistochemistry revealed the localization of both OXA and OX1R in the cytoplasm of the follicular exocrine epithelium of all tested normal and hyperplastic prostates. Positive immunostaining was mainly observed in the basal cells of the stratified epithelium, and only rarely in the apical cells. The expression of mRNAs coding for prepro‐orexin and OX1R and of proteins in the tissues was also ascertained by polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis, respectively. In order to gain insights into the functional activity of OXA in the prostate, we administered different concentrations of OXA to cultured prostatic epithelial cells PNT1A. We first demonstrated that PNT1A cells express OX1R. The addition of OXA did not affect PNT1A cell proliferation, while it enhanced cAMP synthesis and Ca2+ release from intracellular storage. Overall, our results definitely demonstrate the expression of OXA and OX1R in the human prostate, and suggest an active role for them in the metabolism of the gland.
Reference‐free SNP discovery for the Eurasian beaver from restriction site–associated DNA paired‐end data
Authors: Senn Helen , Ogden Rob , Cezard Timothee , Gharbi Karim , Iqbal Zamin , Johnson Eric , Kamps‐Hughes Nick , Rosell Frank , McEwing Ross 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this study, we used restriction site–associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to discover SNP markers suitable for population genetic and parentage analysis with the aim of using them for monitoring the reintroduction of the Eurasian beaver (Castor fibre) to Scotland. In the absence of a reference genome for beaver, we built contigs and discovered SNPs within them using paired‐end RAD data, so as to have sufficient flanking region around the SNPs to conduct marker design. To do this, we used a simple pipeline which catalogued the Read 1 data in stacks and then used the assembler cortex_var to conduct de novo assembly and genotyping of multiple samples using the Read 2 data. The analysis of around 1.1 billion short reads of sequence data was reduced to a set of 2579 high‐quality candidate SNP markers that were polymorphic in Norwegian and Bavarian beaver. Both laboratory validation of a subset of eight of the SNPs (1.3% error) and internal validation by confirming patterns of Mendelian inheritance in a family group (0.9% error) confirmed the success of this approach.
Nuclear and chloroplast DNA phylogeography reveals Pleistocene divergence and subsequent secondary contact of two genetic lineages of the tropical rainforest tree species Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae) in South‐East Asia
Authors: Ohtani Masato , Kondo Toshiaki , Tani Naoki , Ueno Saneyoshi , Lee Leong S. , Ng Kevin K. S. , Muhammad Norwati , Finkeldey Reiner , Na'iem Mohamad , Indrioko Sapto , Kamiya Koichi , Harada Ko , Diway Bibian , Khoo Eyen , Kawamura Kensuke , Tsumura Yoshihiko 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTropical rainforests in South‐East Asia have been affected by climatic fluctuations during past glacial eras. To examine how the accompanying changes in land areas and temperature have affected the genetic properties of rainforest trees in the region, we investigated the phylogeographic patterns of a widespread dipterocarp species, Shorea leprosula. Two types of DNA markers were used: expressed sequence tag‐based simple sequence repeats and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequence variations. Both sets of markers revealed clear genetic differentiation between populations in Borneo and those in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra (Malay/Sumatra). However, in the south‐western part of Borneo, genetic admixture of the lineages was observed in the two marker types. Coalescent simulation based on cpDNA sequence variation suggested that the two lineages arose 0.28–0.09 million years before present and that following their divergence migration from Malay/Sumatra to Borneo strongly exceeded migration in the opposite direction. We conclude that the genetic structure of S. leprosula was largely formed during the middle Pleistocene and was subsequently modified by eastward migration across the subaerially exposed Sunda Shelf.
Optimization of Routine Identification of Clinically Relevant Gram-Negative Bacteria by Use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and the Bruker Biotyper
Authors: Ford Bradley A. , Burnham Carey-Ann D. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) might complement and one day replace phenotypic identification of bacteria in the clinical microbiology laboratory, but there is no consensus standard regarding the requirements for its validation prior to clinical use in the United States. The objective of this study was to assess the preanalytical variables influencing Gram-negative identification by use of the Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS system, including density of organism spotting on a stainless steel target plate and the direct overlay of organisms with formic acid. A heavy smear with formic acid overlay was either superior or equivalent to alternative smear conditions. Microbiological preanalytical variables were also assayed, such as culture medium, growth temperature, and use of serial subculture. Postanalytical analysis included the application of modified species-level identification acceptance criteria. Biotyper identifications were compared with those using traditional phenotypic methods, and discrepancies were resolved with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Compared to the recommended score cutoffs of the manufacturer, the application of optimized Biotyper score cutoffs for species-level identification increased the rate of identification by 6.75% for the enteric Gram-negative bacteria and 4.25% for the nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria. Various incubation temperatures, growth medium types, and repeat subcultures did not result in misidentification. We conclude that the Bruker MALDI Biotyper is a robust system for the identification of Gram-negative organisms in the clinical laboratory and that meaningful performance improvements can be made by implementing simple pre- and postanalytical techniques.
Combined use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and sedatives/hypnotics during pregnancy: risk of relatively severe congenital malformations or cardiac defects. A register study
Authors: Reis Margareta , Källén Bengt 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate the proposed synergistic teratogenic effect of use of selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRI) together with sedatives or hypnotics, primarily benzodiazepines, during pregnancy.DesignCohort study of congenital malformations after maternal use of SSRI, sedatives/hypnotics or the combination of the two drug categories.SettingSwedish national health registers.ParticipantsA total of 10 511 infants born of women who had used SSRI drugs but no other central nervous system (CNS)-active drug, 1000 infants born of women who had used benzodiazepines and no other CNS-active drug, and 406 infants whose mothers had used both SSRI and benzodiazepines but no other CNS-active drug.ResultsNone of the three groups showed a higher risk for any relatively severe congenital malformation or any cardiac defect when comparison was made with the general population risk (adjusted risk ratio (RR) for the combination of SSRI and benzodiazepines and a relatively severe malformation=1.17 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.73). Similar results were obtained for the combination of SSRI with other sedative/hypnotic drugs.ConclusionsThe previously stated increased risk associated with the combined use of these drug categories, notably for a cardiac defect, could not be replicated.
Serum human epididymis protein 4 vs carbohydrate antigen 125 for ovarian cancer diagnosis: a systematic review
Authors: Ferraro Simona , Braga Federica , Lanzoni Monica , Boracchi Patrizia , Biganzoli Elia Mario , Panteghini Mauro 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundHuman epididymis protein 4 (HE4) measurements in serum have been proposed for improving the specificity of laboratory identification of ovarian cancer (OC).ObjectiveTo critically revise the available literature on the comparison between the diagnostic accuracy of HE4 and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) to confirm the additional clinical value of HE4.MethodsA literature search was undertaken on electronic databases and references from retrieved articles; articles were analysed according to predefined criteria. Meta-analyses for HE4 and CA-125 biomarkers with OR, diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive (LR+) and negative (LR–) likelihood ratios as effect sizes were performed.Results16 articles were originally included in meta-analyses, but two for HE4 and one for CA-125 were eliminated as outliers. Furthermore, for HE4 a publication bias was detected. ORs for both HE4 (37.2, 95% CI 19.0 to 72.7, adjusted for publication bias) and CA-125 (15.4, 95% CI 10.4 to 22.8) were significant, although in a heterogeneous set of studies (p<0.0001). By combining sensitivity and specificity, the overall LR+ and LR– were 13.0 (95% CI 8.2 to 20.7) and 0.23 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.28) for HE4 and 4.2 (95% CI 3.1 to 5.6) and 0.27 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.31) for CA-125, respectively.ConclusionsHE4 measurement seems to be superior to CA-125 in terms of diagnostic performance for identification of OC in women with suspected gynaecological disease. Due to the high prevalence of OC in post-menopausal women and the need for data focused on early tumour stages, more studies tailored on these specific subsets are needed.
Has untargeted sexual health promotion for young people reached its limit? A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Elliott Lawrie , Henderson Marion , Nixon Catherine , Wight Daniel 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundTheoretically, there may be benefit in augmenting school-based sexual health education with sexual health services, but the outcomes are poorly understood.Healthy Respect2 (HR2) combined sex education with youth-friendly sexual health services, media campaigns and branding, and encouraged joint working between health services, local government and the voluntary sector.This study examined whetherHR2: (1) improved young people's sexual health knowledge, attitudes, behaviour and use of sexual health services and (2) reduced socioeconomic inequalities in sexual health.MethodsA quasi-experiment in which the intervention and comparison areas were matched for teenage pregnancy and terminations, and schools were matched by social deprivation. 5283 pupils aged 15–16 years (2269 intervention, 3014 comparison) were recruited to cross-sectional surveys in 2007, 2008 and 2009.ResultsThe intervention improved males’ and, to a lesser extent, females’ sexual health knowledge. Males’ intention to use condoms, and reported use of condoms, was unaffected, compared with a reduction in both among males in the comparison arm. Although females exposed to the intervention became less accepting of condoms, there was no change in their intention to use condoms and reported condom use. Pupils became more tolerant of sexual coercion in both the intervention and comparison arms. Attitudes towards same-sex relationships remained largely unaffected. More pupils in theHR2area used sexual health services, including those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. This aside, sexual health inequalities remained.ConclusionsCombining school-based sex education and sexual health clinics has a limited impact. Interventions that address the upstream causes of poor sexual health, such as a detrimental sociocultural environment, represent promising alternatives. These should prioritise the most vulnerable young people.
The relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dina Ciprian A. , Iancau Maria , Moţa Maria , Dina Raluca Costina , Vladu Iulia 
Published: February 2013

Abstract Periodontitis is a common complication in patients with diabetes. Their classificationis complex and it is based on the clinical presentation, rate of disease progression,age at diagnosis and local and systemic factors that may multiply the risk. The twomajor stages of periodontal diseases are gingivitis and periodontitis. Therelationship between these two diseases appears bidirectional insofar that theexistence of one disease tends to promote the other and that the meticulousmanagement of either may help the treatment of the other. Treatment of periodontitisusing a association of mechanical therapy, scaling and root planning, plus systemictetracycline antibiotics has been demonstrated to have important reductions inHbA1c values. Therefore, for a better control of diabetes we suggest that periodontalpatients with diabetes should be consulted and treated by a periodontist.
Reproductive Disorders in Streptozotocin-Treated Male Rats Following Co-Administration of Ethambutol, Rifampicin, Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide
Authors: Shayakhmetova Ganna M. , Bondarenko Larysa B. , Matvienko Anatoliy V. , Kovalenko Valentina M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATD) on indices ofreproductive capability, DNA fragmentation and offspring development of male ratswith testicular malfunction caused by experimental diabetes. Materials and Methods: Wistar albino male rats (body weight 160-200 g) were divided into threegroups: I - control, II - streptozotocin diabetes, III - streptozotocin diabetes + ATD.The testis DNA fragmentation was determined electrophoretically; spermatogeneticindices, offspring antenatal and postnatal development indices - by standardprocedures. Morphological analyses of gonadic structures were carried out by opticmicroscopy. Results: The study of the effects of diabetes and ATD administration ontestis cells morphologic and morphometric parameters and spermatogenesissuggested the presence of specific diabetes- and anti tuberculosis drugs - mediatedquantitative and qualitative changes in male rat reproductive organs,spermatogenetic epithelial cells, level and character of DNA fragmentation incomparison with normal rats. These changes were accompanied by alterations inprocesses of fertilisation (with intact females), embryogenesis and by lowering ofoffspring survival. Conclusions: Observed changes could hence affect the state andcorrect functioning of spermatogenetic epithelium and of other tissues ofreproductive organs, as well as offspring development in diabetic rats.
“Position Paper” Timely Insulinisation in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Barkai László , Hâncu Nicolae , Jermendy György , Konstantinova Maya , Lichiardopol Radu , Moţa Maria , Tankova Cvetalina , Temelkova Natalia , Winkler Gábor 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe objective of this position paper is to review the current medical evidence andguidelines regarding the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to issue medicalrecommendations strengthening the timely use of insulin in patients with T2DMuncontrolled on noninsulin therapy. When noninsulin therapy fails to achieve or tomaintain HbA1c targets, insulin therapy is required. Timely insulin therapy couldprovide proper metabolic control that might prevent complications, lead toimprovement of life expectancy and quality of life.
Intergenerational effects of in utero exposure to Ramadan in Tunisia
Authors: Alwasel S.H. , Harrath A. , Aljarallah J.S. , Abotalib Z. , Osmond C. , Al Omar S.Y. , Khaled I. , Barker D.J.P. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesWe have reported that changes in the lifestyle of pregnant women during Ramadan affect more than one generation. In a series of newborn babies in Saudi Arabia, those whose mothers had been in utero during Ramadan differed from those whose mothers had not been in utero during Ramadan. These were unexpected findings and require replication.MethodsWe examined body size at birth in 1,321 babies (682 boys and 639 girls) born in Gafsa, a small city in Tunisia.ResultsBabies whose mothers had been in utero during Ramadan were smaller and thinner, and had smaller placentas, than those whose mothers had not been in utero during Ramadan. After adjustment for sex, the babies were 93 g lighter (95% confidence interval, 32–153, P=0.003) than those whose mother had not been in utero during Ramadan, their mean ponderal index was 0.52 kg/m3 lower (0.24–0.79, P<0.001) and their placental weight was 21 g lower (5–37, P=0.01). The findings did not differ by trimester of maternal exposure to Ramadan. They were similar in boys and girls and in primiparous and multiparous mothersConclusionThis study provides further evidence that changes in lifestyle during Ramadan have intergenerational effects. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:341–343, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gesture Use by Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Differences Between Sexes in Inter‐ and Intra‐Sexual Interactions
Authors: SCOTT NICOLE M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCommunication and social relationships are two of the most important aspects of primate life, but few studies have focused on linking these aspects in apes. There are some shared social pressures between the two sexes (e.g., kin selection, alliance formation, and protection against attack), but there are also differences (e.g., mate selection, dispersal, and social ranking systems). The aim of this study was to identify the communication strategies of the sexes with respect to their particular communication partner. I hypothesized the sexes use different strategies in their gestural communication based on their different social pressures. Specifically, males should have more positive intra‐sexual relationships than females because of high focus on male–male alliance formation and maintaining high social rank, both of which directly affect their mating opportunities and relationships with all other members of the group. On the other hand, females should have more positive inter‐sexual relationships due to the abuse they could receive from insubordination to males and because there is less focus on maintaining multiple, positive relationships with other females. Furthermore, because of differences in social pressures, males should have higher incidence of reassurance in same‐sex interactions than females because it should be more important for males to mitigate negative interactions. I analyzed the characteristics of the gesture repertoire and frequency of gesture use for each sex in each of four contexts: (1) aggression, (2) submission, (3) greeting, and (4) reassurance. I looked at intra‐sexual and inter‐sexual interactions, separately. I found that, indeed, males and females utilize different strategies of gestural communication. I also found that females, but not males, have a distinct gesture strategy for communicating with the opposite sex than for the same sex. This study shows there are distinct strategies utilized by the two sexes and these differences may be explained by their differing social pressures. Am. J. Primatol. 75:555‐567, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alternative Metals for Homogeneous Catalyzed Hydroformylation Reactions
Authors: Pospech Jola , Fleischer Ivana , Franke Robert , Buchholz Stefan , Beller Matthias 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTransition‐metal‐catalyzed hydroformylation reactions constitute one of the most powerful tools for CC bond formation in organic synthesis and represent an outstanding example of the application of homogeneous catalysis on an industrial scale. This process allows for the straightforward conversion of inexpensive chemical feedstock into broadly applicable aldehydes, which serve as major building blocks for numerous chemical products. These products are highly valuable for the chemical industry and used as plasticizers, detergents, and surfactants on a million ton scale. Moreover, aldehydes serve as versatile chemical intermediates for the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Currently, most of the bulk hydroformylation processes rely on rhodium‐based catalysts. The increasing demand and resulting high cost of this precious metal has resulted in alternative transition‐metal catalysts becoming highly desirable. The following Review summarizes the progress achieved utilizing Ru, Ir, Pd, Pt, and Fe catalysts in hydroformylation reactions.
A novel nonwoven hybrid bioreactor (NWHBR) for enhancing simultaneous nitrification and denitrification
Authors: Meng Fangang , Wang Yuan , Huang Li‐Nan , Li Jie , Jiang Feng , Li Shiyu , Chen Guang‐Hao 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study proposed a nonwoven hybrid bioreactor (NWHBR) in which the nonwoven fabric played dual roles as a biofilm carrier and membrane‐like separation of the flocculent sludge in the reactor. The results of long‐term monitoring demonstrated that the NWHBR could achieve simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND), with nearly complete ammonium removal and 80% removal of total nitrogen. The biofilm attached to the nonwoven fabric removed 27% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 36% of the nitrate in the reactor, an enhanced elimination of nutrients that was attributed to the increased mass transfer within the biofilm due to permeate drag. The results of batch experiments showed that the flocculent sludge played a more dominant role in nitrification and denitrification (79% and 61%, respectively) than the biofilm (21% and 36%, respectively). The batch experiments also revealed that the enforced mass transfer, with an effluent recirculation rate of 4.3 L/m2h (which was the same as the flux during the reactor's long‐term operation), improved the denitrification rate by 58% (i.e., from 9.0 to 14.2 mg‐NO‐N/h). Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplification revealed a high microbial diversity in both the flocculent sludge and biofilm, with Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi as the dominant groups. A phylogenetic (P) test indicated that the NWHBR contained phylogenetically distinct microbial communities: those in the biofilm differed from those in the flocculent sludge. However, the communities on the exterior and interior of the biofilm were more similar to each other. Due to its good SND performance, low physical back‐washing frequency and low air‐to‐water ratio, the NWHBR represents an attractive alternative for the wider application of either low‐cost membrane bioreactors or biofilm reactors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1903–1912. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.