bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using motivational interviewing for weight feedback to parents of young children
Authors: Dawson Anna M , Brown Deirdre A , Cox Adell , Williams Sheila M , Treacy Lee , Haszard Jill , Meredith‐Jones Kim , Hargreaves Elaine , Taylor Barry J , Ross Jim , Taylor Rachael W 
Published: March 2014

AimTo determine whether a single session of motivational interviewing (MI) for feedback of a child's overweight status promotes engagement in treatment following screening.MethodsOne thousand ninety‐three children aged 4–8 years were recruited through primary and secondary care to attend health screening, including assessment of parenting practices and motivation (questionnaire). Families with normal‐weight children were informed about their child's weight but had no further involvement. Parents of overweight (body mass index ≥85th percentile) children (n = 271) were randomised to receive weight feedback via MI or best practice care (BPC) using a traffic light concept to indicate degree of health risk. Follow‐up interviews were held 2 weeks later to examine intervention uptake, changes to motivation and behaviour, and parental response to feedback.ResultsRecruitment into the intervention was high (76%) and not altered by feedback condition (percentage difference 6.6 (95% confidence interval −2.9, 16.0). High scores on the Health Care Climate Questionnaire (rating of the interviewer) indicated satisfaction with how the information was provided to parents. No differences were observed in multiple indicators of harm. However, self‐determined motivation for healthy life‐styles was significantly higher in the MI condition at follow‐up (0.18: 0.00, 0.35), after only a single session of MI.ConclusionsMI and BPC were both successful in encouraging parents to participate in a family‐based intervention, with MI offering little significant benefit over BPC. A traffic light approach to weight feedback is a suitable way of providing sensitive information to parents not expecting such news.
Differential expression of Toll‐like receptor 4 in healthy and diseased human gingiva
Authors: Li J.‐P. , Chen Y. , Ng C. H. C. , Fung M.‐L. , Xu A. , Cheng B. , Tsao S. W. , Leung W. K. 
Published: March 2014

Background and ObjectiveLipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐mediated signaling in host cells involves Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) accessory molecules, including LPS‐binding protein (LBP), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and lymphocyte antigen 96 (MD‐2). However, expression of these innate defense molecules in various compartments of the human periodontium is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profile of TLR4 in human gingiva.Material and MethodsHuman gingival biopsies were collected from healthy gingival or chronic periodontitis tissue. Primary gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts were cultured. Immunohistochemical analysis for TLR4 was performed. Transcripts of TLR4, MD‐2, CD14 and LBP, and their protein products, were examined using RT‐PCR, immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. The interactions between these molecules in keratinocytes and fibroblasts were investigated by co‐immunoprecipitation.ResultsTLR4 immunoreactivity was found in healthy gingival epithelium and periodontitis tissue, and appeared to be lower in junctional epithelium ( p ≤ 0.01). Fibroblasts and inflammatory cells stained more strongly for TLR4 in diseased periodontal tissues (p < 0.001). Three TLR4 splicing variants, two MD‐2 splicing variants and one CD14 mRNA were expressed by gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Expression of TLR4, CD14 and MD‐2 proteins was detected in keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro. TLR4 protein from gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts could be co‐immunoprecipitated with CD14 or MD‐2, suggesting an association between the related molecules in vivo. LBP transcript was detected in gingival biopsies, but not in primary cultures of gingival keratinocytes or fibroblasts.ConclusionTLR4, CD14 and MD‐2, but not LBP, are expressed in human gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The TLR4 expression level in the junctional epithelium appeared to be lowest within the periodontal epithelial barrier.
Pathophysiological analysis of primary biliary cirrhosis focusing on choline/phospholipid metabolism
Authors: Kohjima Motoyuki , Enjoji Munechika , Yada Ryoko , Yoshimoto Tsuyoshi , Nakamura Tsukasa , Fukuizumi Kunitaka , Fukushima Nobuyoshi , Murata Yusuke , Nakashima Manabu , Kato Masaki , Kotoh Kazuhiro , Shirabe Ken , Maehara Yoshihiko , Nakajima Atsushi , Nozaki Yuichi , Honda Akira , Matsuzaki Yasushi , Nakamuta Makoto 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsInjury to biliary epithelial cells caused by disorders in bile composition may be the initial step in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We therefore examined choline/phospholipid metabolism in livers of patients with PBC.MethodsHepatic levels of mRNA encoded by choline metabolism‐related genes in early stage PBC patients were quantified by real‐time RT‐PCR. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in each lipoprotein compartment and serum/tissue choline levels were also measured. OCT1 expression was quantified by genotype (rs683369 and rs622342).ResultsSerum choline concentrations were significantly higher in PBC patients than in normal individuals, with the concentrations in the former lowered by treatment with fibrates. Hepatic choline levels were markedly lower in PBC patients than in controls. The levels of expression of genes associated with choline uptake (OCT1 and CTL1), phosphatidylcholine synthesis (PEMT and BHMT), and phosphatidylcholine transport (MDR3) were significantly upregulated in PBC compared with control livers. Serum cholesterol concentrations and the cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in serum very low density lipoprotein were markedly higher in PBC patients than in controls. In PBC liver, OCT1 protein levels were lower in patients with minor (CG/GG at rs683369 and/or CC at rs622342) than major (CC at rs683369 and AA at rs622342) genotypes of the OCT1 gene.ConclusionDuring early stage PBC, hepatocellular choline uptake and PC synthesis become dysregulated. OCT1 genotypes may influence the pathogenesis of PBC.
Mite species identification in the production of allergenic extracts for clinical use and in environmental samples by ribosomal DNA amplification
Authors: BEROIZ B. , COUSO‐FERRER F. , ORTEGO F. , CHAMORRO M. J. , ARTEAGA C. , LOMBARDERO M. , CASTAÑERA P. , HERNÁNDEZ‐CRESPO P. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract.The identification of allergy‐causing mites is conventionally based on morphological characters. However, molecular taxonomy using ribosomal DNA (rDNA) may be particularly useful in the analysis of mite cultures and purified mite fractions in the production of allergenic extracts. Full‐length internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) were obtained from Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides microceras and Euroglyphus maynei (Astigmata: Pyroglyphidae), Glycyphagus domesticus and Lepidoglyphus destructor (Astigmata: Glycyphagidae), Tyrophagus fanetzhangorum, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Tyrophagus longior, Tyrophagus neiswanderi, Acarus farris and Acarus siro (Astigmata: Acaridae), and Blomia tropicalis (Astigmata: Echymopodidae), using mite‐specific primers. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were digested with HpaII and RsaI restriction enzymes in order to produce species‐specific PCR restricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles. A semi‐nested re‐amplification step was introduced before the RFLP in order to apply the method to environmental samples. Results demonstrate that rDNA sequences can be used for the unambiguous identification of mite species. The PCR–RFLP system allows the identification of species in purified mite fractions when the availability of intact adult mite bodies for morphological identification is limited. This reliable and straightforward PCR–RFLP system and the rDNA sequences obtained can be of use in the identification of allergy‐causing mite species.
Response of accessions within tomato wild species, Solanum pimpinellifolium to late blight
Authors: Foolad Majid R. , Sullenberger Matthew T. , Ohlson Erik W. , Gugino Beth K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLate blight (LB), caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases of the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) worldwide. Most commercial cultivars of tomato are susceptible to LB. Previously, three major LB resistance genes (Ph‐1, Ph‐2, Ph‐3) were identified and incorporated into a few commercial cultivars of tomato. Reduced effectiveness and potential breakdown of the resistance genes has necessitated identification, characterization and utilization of new sources of resistance. We evaluated the response of 67 accessions of the wild tomato species, S. pimpinellifolium to LB, under multiple field and greenhouse (GH) conditions and compared them with six control genotypes. Sixteen accessions were identified with strong LB resistance in both field and GH experiments. However, 12 accessions exhibited resistance similar to a control line which was homozygous for Ph‐2 + Ph‐3. Genotyping accessions with molecular markers for Ph‐2 and Ph‐3 were not conclusive, indicating that resistance in these accessions could be due to these or other resistance genes. Strong correlations were observed between field and GH disease response and between foliar and stem infection.
Oxidative stress early in infancy and neurodevelopmental outcome in very low‐birthweight infants
Authors: Shoji Hiromichi , Ikeda Naho , Hosozawa Mariko , Ohkawa Natsuki , Matsunaga Nobuaki , Suganuma Hiroki , Hisata Ken , Tanaka Kyoko , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundReactive oxygen species may be involved in serious diseases in premature infants. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between neurodevelopmental outcome and oxidative stress marker level in the urine of very low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants.MethodsSpot urine samples were collected from 35 VLBW infants. Urinary excretion of 8‐hydroxy‐2″‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage, and 8‐iso‐prostaglandin F2α (8‐isoPGF), a marker of lipid peroxidation, was measured at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks of age. Neurodevelopmental outcome at 18 months’ corrected age was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID)‐II.ResultsSignificant correlations were found between urinary 8‐OHdG at 2 and 4 weeks and the Mental Development Index of the BSID‐II. No significant correlation was found between urinary 8‐isoPGF and indices of the BSID‐II.ConclusionsIn VLBW infants, urinary 8‐OHdG level correlated with mental development rather than psychomotor development at 18 months’ corrected age; urinary 8‐OHdG might be a predictive marker of neurodevelopmental outcome in VLBW infants.
An isolate morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from Botrytis cinerea obtained from withered grapes possibly represents a new species of Botrytis
Authors: Lorenzini M. , Zapparoli G. 
Published: March 2014

Grapes kept after harvest for withering in drying fruit rooms (fruttaio) are highly susceptible to Botrytis cinerea infection. A taxonomically undefined isolate (B83) was identified during a survey of B. cinerea populations in these specific environments. This isolate yielded negative results in B. cinerea‐specific PCRs and displayed a different colony morphology on potato dextrose agar. Based on this data, the isolate underwent a taxonomic investigation. Sequencing of the ITS–5·8S–ITS2 region indicated that the isolate belongs to the Botrytis genus. IGS‐RFLP analysis revealed that Botrytis sp. B83 was a different haplotype from genotypes of indigenous B. cinerea strains. Comparative sequence analysis of three housekeeping genes, G3PDH, HSP60 and RPB2, showed that the isolate constitutes a taxon related to Botrytis aclada, distant from B. cinerea. A phylogenetic tree built with NEP genes was in agreement with the combined tree built with G3PDH, HSP60 and RPB2 sequences. Botrytis sp. B83 is morphologically similar to B. aclada. Conversely, its host range indicates that it is polyphagous like B. cinerea, despite its lower virulence. This study provides evidence for the existence of a new species of Botrytis. Nevertheless, the description of only a single isolate and the need for further information on genetic divergence, reproductive isolation and host preference, prevent the classification and formal description of a new taxon.
Leaf‐derived cecidomyiid galls are sinks inMachilus thunbergii(Lauraceae) leaves
Authors: Huang Meng‐Yuan , Huang Wen‐Dar , Chou Hsueh‐Mei , Lin Kuan‐Hung , Chen Chang‐Chang , Chen Pei‐Ju , Chang Yung‐Ta , Yang Chi‐Ming 
Published: March 2014

Three relevant hypotheses – nutrition, environment and the enemies hypothesis – often invoked to explore source and sink relationships between galls and their host plants are still under dispute. In this research, chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange capacity, stomatal conductance, total carbon and nitrogen, total soluble sugars and starches, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy of two types of galls were used to investigate source–sink relationships. Compared with host leaves, these galls demonstrated slightly lower chlorophyll fluorescence; however, gas exchange capacity and stomatal conductance were not detected at all. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated that the abaxial epidermis of host leaves contain normal amounts of stomata, whereas no stomata were observed on the exterior and interior surfaces of both types of galls. In addition, gall inner surfaces were covered with many kinds of fungal hyphae. Gall total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) levels were lower but the C/N ratio was higher in galls than host leaves. Both types of galls accumulated higher total soluble sugars and starches than host leaves. Transmission electron micrographs also revealed that both types of galls contain plastoglobuli and giant starch granules during gall development. Results strongly indicate that leaf‐derived cecidomyiid galls are sinks inMachilus thunbergiileaves. However, it is perplexing how larvae cycle and balanceCO2andO2in gall growth chambers without stomata.
Integrating vibrational signals, mitochondrial DNA and morphology for species determination in the genus Aphrodes (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: BLUEMEL JOANNA K. , DERLINK MAJA , PAVLOVČIČ PETRA , RUSSO ISA‐RITA M. , ANDREW KING ROBERT , CORBETT EMMA , SHERRARD‐SMITH ELEANOR , BLEJEC ANDREJ , WILSON MICHAEL R. , STEWART ALAN J. A. , SYMONDSON WILLIAM O. C. , VIRANT‐DOBERLET META 
Published: March 2014

AbstractReliable delimitation and identification of species is central not only to systematics, but also to studies of biodiversity, ecology and pest management. In the era of Internet‐based biodiversity databases misidentifications are rapidly disseminated and may have far‐reaching consequences. Leafhoppers from the genus Aphrodes (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) are common and abundant, but, nevertheless, they are still a taxonomically challenging group whose members are often assessed in ecological studies and are also potential vectors of plant diseases. Previous study has shown that the syntype series for A. aestuarina (Edwards) includes also specimens of A. makarovi Zachvatkin and has suggested that misidentifications may be widespread in museum collections. We studied Aphrodes individuals collected from the U.K. and Slovenia in order to provide a more comprehensive analysis of this genus using multiple criteria. Combined work using male and female vibrational signals emitted during courtship, and a 600‐bp fragment within the barcoding region of the COI mtDNA gene, provided validated specimens that we also used for morphometric study. Analyses confirmed A. aestuarina, A. bicincta, A. diminuta and A. makarovi as behaviourally, genetically and morphologically distinct species. Although any of these approaches could be used alone to distinguish between species, combining morphological and molecular approaches will help to improve reliability, especially when identifying females. Morphological investigation of validated individuals from the U.K. and Slovenia also revealed geographic differences within species. By combining several body and aedeagus morphological characters males can be reliably identified, however, morphological differences between species are, nevertheless, relatively small. By contrast, observed genetic distances between Aphrodes species are relatively large (4.2–7.0%). At about half of our collecting sites more than one Aphrodes species was found and A. makarovi was collected together with every other species, including A. aestuarina on tidal saltmarshes. Due to low morphological variation between syntopic congeners it is likely that many museum specimens of Aphrodes have been assigned to the wrong species and species identification in ecological and vector studies may also be questionable.
High‐resolution conceptual hydrogeological model of complex basaltic volcanic islands: a Mayotte, Comoros, case study
Authors: Lachassagne Patrick , Aunay Bertrand , Frissant Nicolas , Guilbert Maud , Malard Arnauld 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe present a high‐resolution conceptual hydrogeological model for complex basaltic volcanic islands based on Mayotte Island in the Comoros. Its geological structure and hydrogeological functioning are deduced from a large dataset: geological mapping, geophysics, some forty new boreholes, piezometric data, hydraulic conductivity, hydrochemical data, etc. We describe previously unknown deep cut‐and‐fill palaeovalleys. The resulting conceptual geological and hydrogeological model of the island is very different from the Hawaiian model, in that it lacks a low‐elevation basal aquifer and dyke‐impounded high‐level aquifers. It is closer to the Canary Islands model, which has, however, not yet been described at a high‐resolution scale. It does not have a continuous aquifer, but rather a discontinuous succession of perched aquifers separated by aquicludes and aquitards. This results more from the complex geological structure of the island, which has experienced several phases of volcanism, erosion and weathering, than from its age, but is also a result of the high‐resolution scale of the model. High‐resolution conceptual modelling is now necessary to solve problems of applied geology and hydrogeology.
Autophagy Facilitates
Salmonella
Replication in HeLa Cells
Authors: Yu Hong B. , Croxen Matthew A. , Marchiando Amanda M. , Ferreira Rosana B. R. , Cadwell Ken , Foster Leonard J. , Finlay B. Brett 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Autophagy is a process whereby a double-membrane structure (autophagosome) engulfs unnecessary cytosolic proteins, organelles, and invading pathogens and delivers them to the lysosome for degradation. We examined the fate of cytosolic
Salmonella
targeted by autophagy and found that autophagy-targeted
Salmonella
present in the cytosol of HeLa cells correlates with intracellular bacterial replication. Real-time analyses revealed that a subset of cytosolic
Salmonella
extensively associates with autophagy components p62 and/or LC3 and replicates quickly, whereas intravacuolar
Salmonella
shows no or very limited association with p62 or LC3 and replicates much more slowly. Replication of cytosolic
Salmonella
in HeLa cells is significantly decreased when autophagy components are depleted. Eventually, hyperreplication of cytosolic
Salmonella
potentiates cell detachment, facilitating the dissemination of
Salmonella
to neighboring cells. We propose that
Salmonella
benefits from autophagy for its cytosolic replication in HeLa cells.

IMPORTANCE
As a host defense system, autophagy is known to target a population of
Salmonella
for degradation and hence restricting
Salmonella
replication. In contrast to this concept, a recent report showed that knockdown of Rab1, a GTPase required for autophagy of
Salmonella
, decreases
Salmonella
replication in HeLa cells. Here, we have reexamined the fate of
Salmonella
targeted by autophagy by various cell biology-based assays. We found that the association of autophagy components with cytosolic
Salmonella
increases shortly after initiation of intracellular bacterial replication. Furthermore, through a live-cell imaging method, a subset of cytosolic
Salmonella
was found to be extensively associated with autophagy components p62 and/or LC3, and they replicated quickly. Most importantly, depletion of autophagy components significantly reduced the replication of cytosolic
Salmonella
in HeLa cells. Hence, in contrast to previous reports, we propose that autophagy facilitates
Salmonella
replication in the cytosol of HeLa cells.
Can an Anthropocene Series be defined and recognized?
Authors: Zalasiewicz Jan , Williams Mark , Waters Colin N. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We consider the Anthropocene as a physical, chronostratigraphic unit across terrestrial and marine sedimentary facies, from both a present and a far future perspective, provisionally using an approximately 1950 CE base that approximates with the ‘Great Acceleration’, worldwide sedimentary incorporation of A-bomb-derived radionuclides and light nitrogen isotopes linked to the growth in fertilizer use, and other markers. More or less effective recognition of such a unit today (with annual/decadal resolution) is facies-dependent and variably compromised by the disturbance of stratigraphic superposition that commonly occurs at geologically brief temporal scales, and that particularly affects soils, deep marine deposits and the pre-1950 parts of current urban areas. The Anthropocene, thus, more than any other geological time unit, is locally affected by such blurring of its chronostratigraphic boundary with Holocene strata. Nevertheless, clearly separable representatives of an Anthropocene Series may be found in lakes, land ice, certain river/delta systems, in the widespread dredged parts of shallow-marine systems on continental shelves and slopes, and in those parts of deep-water systems where human-rafted debris is common. From a far future perspective, the boundary is likely to appear geologically instantaneous and stratigraphically significant.
Risk Estimation as a Decision‐Making Tool for Genetic Analysis of the Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes
Authors: Chang-Claude Jenny , Becher Heiko , Caligo Maria , Eccles Diana , Evans Gareth , Haites Neva , Hodgson Shirley , Møller Pål , Weber Bernhard H. F. , Stoppa-Lyonnet Dominique 
Published: March 2014

For genetic counselling of a woman on familial breast cancer, an accurate evaluation of the probability that she carries a germ‐line mutation is needed to assist in making decisions about genetic‐testing.We used data from eight collaborating centres comprising 618 families (346 breast cancer only, 239 breast or ovarian cancer) recruited as research families or counselled for familial breast cancer, representing a broad range of family structures. Screening was performed in affected women from 618 families for germ‐line mutations in BRCA1 and in 176 families for BRCA2 mutations, using different methods including SSCP, CSGE, DGGE, FAMA and PTT analysis followed by direct sequencing. Germ‐line BRCA1 mutations were detected in 132 families and BRCA2 mutations in 16 families. The probability of being a carrier of a dominant breast cancer gene was calculated for the screened individual under the established genetic model for breast cancer susceptibility, first, with parameters for age‐specific penetrances for breast cancer only [7] and, second, with age‐specific penetrances for ovarian cancer in addition [20]. Our results indicate that the estimated probability of carrying a dominant breast cancer gene gives a direct measure of the likelihood of detecting mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. For breast/ovarian cancer families, the genetic model according to Narod et al. [20] is preferable for calculating the proband′s genetic risk, and gives detection rates that indicate a 50% sensitivity of the gene test. Due to the incomplete BRCA2 screening of the families, we cannot yet draw any conclusions with respect to the breast cancer only families.