bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic Effects of Ropivacaine, Bupivacaine, and Lidocaine on Rotator Cuff Tenofibroblasts
Authors: Sung Chang-Meen , Hah Young-Sool , Kim Jin-Su , Nam Jeoung-Bin , Kim Ra Jeong , Lee Sang-Jin , Park Hyung Bin 
Published: October 2014

Background: Concern has recently arisen over the safety of local anesthetics used on human tissues. Hypothesis: Aminoamide local anesthetics have cytotoxic effects on human rotator cuff tenofibroblasts. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Cultured human rotator cuff tenofibroblasts were divided into control, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and local anesthetic study groups; the PBS study group was further subdivided by pH level (pH 7.4, 6.0, and 4.4). The 6 local anesthetic subgroups (0.2% and 0.75% ropivacaine, 0.25% and 0.5% bupivacaine, and 1% and 2% lidocaine) were also studied at 10% dilutions of their original concentrations. Exposure times were 5, 10, 20, 40, or 60 minutes for the higher concentrations and 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, or 72 hours for the lower concentrations. Cell viability was evaluated through live, apoptotic, and necrotic cell rates using the annexin V–propidium iodide double-staining method. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and caspase-3/7 were investigated. Results: The control and PBS groups showed no significant differences in cell viability ( P > .999). In the local anesthetic study groups, cell viability decreased significantly with increases in anesthetic concentrations ( P < .001) and exposure times ( P < .001), with the exception of the lidocaine subgroups, where this effect was masked by the very high cytotoxicity of even low concentrations. Among the studied local anesthetic subgroups, 0.2% ropivacaine was the least toxic. The levels of intracellular ROS of each local anesthetic subgroup also increased significantly ( P < .05). The studied local anesthetics showed increases in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 as well as in levels of caspase-3/7 activity ( P < .001). Conclusion: The cytotoxicity of the anesthetics studied to tenofibroblasts is dependent on exposure time and concentration. Of the evaluated anesthetics, ropivacaine is the least toxic in the clinically used concentration. The studied anesthetics induce tenofibroblast cell death, mediated by the increased production of ROS, by the increased activation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 and by the activation of caspase-3/7. Clinical Relevance: This study identified the cytotoxic mechanisms of aminoamide local anesthetics acting on rotator cuff tenofibroblasts. The greatest margin of safety was found in lower anesthetic concentrations in general and more specifically in the use of ropivacaine.
‘I wish they would remember that I forget:’ The effects of memory loss on the lives of individuals with mild-to-moderate dementia
Authors: Powers Sara M , Dawson Nicole T , Krestar Maura L , Yarry Sarah J , Judge Katherine S 
Published: October 2014

Purpose of study Due to changing cognitive and functional capabilities, individuals with dementia face challenging care-related issues such as feelings of embarrassment, relationship strain, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Limited research exists examining individuals with dementia's perceptions and concerns about these issues and how their perspectives can impact the quality and process of their illness experience. Design and methods As part of a larger study, individuals with dementia ( n = 114) answered five open-ended questions about their illness experience including: (1) daily routine, (2) concerns about memory loss, (3) relationships with others, (4) fears, and (5) what they wish others understood/knew. For each question, individuals with dementia’s responses were analyzed for common themes within and across questions. Results Individuals with dementia commented on a wide range of issues involving their memory loss, including negative emotional impacts, future concerns and illness progression, forgetting, loss of independence, and the negative and positive influences on interpersonal relationships. Across questions, many individuals also stated that their memory loss did not significantly impact their lives. Implications Discussion highlights how these findings can be used to expand our understanding of individuals with dementia's illness experience and to develop efficacious interventions for addressing negative aspects of living with memory loss while supporting positive aspects.
Listening to Mozart K.448 decreases electroencephalography oscillatory power associated with an increase in sympathetic tone in adults: a post-intervention study
Authors: Lin Lung-Chang , Ouyang Chen-Sen , Chiang Ching-Tai , Wu Rong-Ching , Wu Hui-Chuan , Yang Rei-Cheng 
Published: October 2014

Summary Objective Listening to Mozart K.448 has been demonstrated to improve spatial task scores, leading to what is known as the Mozart Effect. However, most of these reports only describe the phenomena but lack the scientific evidence needed to properly investigate the mechanism of Mozart Effect. In this study, we used electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) to evaluate the effects of Mozart K.448 on healthy volunteers to explore Mozart Effect. Design An EEG-based post-intervention analysis. Setting Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Participants Twenty-nine college students were enrolled. They received EEG and electrocardiogram examinations simultaneously before, during and after listening to the first movement of Mozart K.448. Main outcome measure EEG alpha, theta and beta power and HRV were compared in each stage. Results The results showed a significant decrease in alpha, theta and beta power when they listened to Mozart K.448. In addition, the average root mean square successive difference, the proportion derived by dividing NN50 by the total number of NN intervals, standard deviations of NN intervals and standard deviations of differences between adjacent NN intervals showed a significant decrease, while the high frequency revealed a significant decrease with a significantly elevated low-frequency/high-frequency ratio. Conclusion Listening to Mozart K.448 significantly decreased EEG alpha, theta and beta power and HRV. This study indicates that there is brain cortical function and sympathetic tone activation in healthy adults when listening to Mozart K.448, which may play an important role in the mechanism of Mozart Effect.
How I treat smoldering multiple myeloma
Authors: Ghobrial Irene M. , Landgren Ola 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Smoldering myeloma is a heterogeneous clinical entity where a subset of patients has an indolent course of disease that mimics monoclonal gammopathy of undermined significance, whereas others have a more aggressive course that has been described as “early myeloma.” It is defined as either serum M-protein ≥3 g/L or ≥10% monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. There are currently no molecular factors to differentiate risks of progression for these patients. Current recommendations of therapy continue to be patient observation or patient enrollment in clinical trials. However, new definitions of active multiple myeloma recently agreed upon by the International Myeloma Working Group may alter the timing of therapy. On the basis of emerging data of therapy in these patients, it seems reasonable to believe that future recommendations for therapy of patients with smoldering myeloma will become an increasingly important topic. In this article, we review the current knowledge of this disease and risk factors associated with progression. We also examine biological insights and alterations that occur in the tumor clone and the surrounding bone marrow niche. Finally, we review clinical trials that have been performed in these patients and provide recommendations for follow-up of patients with this unique disease entity.
Resting heart rate as a marker for identifying the risk of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Li Yu-qian , Sun Chang-qing , Li Lin-lin , Wang Ling , Guo Yi-rui , You Ai-guo , Xi Yuan-lin , Wang Chong-jian 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background
Fast resting heart rate might increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it is unclear whether resting heart rate could be used to predict the risk of undiagnosed T2DM. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to examine the association between resting heart rate and undiagnosed T2DM, and evaluate the feasibility of using resting heart rate as a marker for identifying the risk of undiagnosed T2DM.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Resting heart rate and relevant covariates were collected and measured. Fasting blood samples were obtained to measure blood glucose using the modified hexokinase enzymatic method. Predictive performance was analyzed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results
This study included 16, 636 subjects from rural communities aged 35–78 years. Resting heart rate was significantly associated with undiagnosed T2DM in both genders. For resting heart rate categories of <60, 60–69, 70–79, and ≥80 beats/min, adjusted odds ratios for undiagnosed T2DM were 1.04, 2.32, 3.66 and 1.05, 1.57, 2.98 in male and female subjects, respectively. For male subjects, resting heart rate ≥70 beats/min could predict undiagnosed T2DM with 76.56% sensitivity and 48.64% specificity. For female subjects, the optimum cut-off point was ≥79 beats/min with 49.72% sensitivity and 67.53% specificity. The area under the ROC curve for predicting undiagnosed T2DM was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.64-0.66) and 0.61(95% CI: 0.60-0.62) in male and female subjects, respectively.

Conclusions
Fast resting heart rate is associated with an increased risk of undiagnosed T2DM in male and female subjects. However, resting heart rate as a marker has limited potential for screening those at high risk of undiagnosed T2DM in adults living in rural areas.
Analysis of the surface-roughening phenomenon in P-added bake-hardened steel sheets
Authors: Goo Nam Hoon , Kang Chungu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe surface-roughening problem with phosphorous-added bake-hardened steel sheets was investigated. Surface undulation in the sheets occurs after 2% to 3% deformation during press forming action and disappears with further deformation over 10%. The roughened sheets exhibit heterogeneity of the elemental P (phosphorous) distribution, and the segregation of P increases the hardiness of ferrite grains locally. This local strengthening of ferrite grains causes a concentration of strains in the other ferrite regions that do not contain the elemental P-segregation. The strain concentration is because of the surface undulation in the sheets under small amount of straining. The evolution of the deformation texture and the corresponding Lankford values are shown using a series of viscoplastic self-consistent (VSPC) simulations, which indicated that a strong {554}[225] texture develops, and subsequently, the Lankford value increases in the non-segregated ferrite region. The higher Lankford value makes it more difficult to deform the sheet in the through-thickness direction. The different texture developments of the segregated and segregation-free regions are the main causes of the disappearance of the surface undulation with a high amount of plastic straining greater than 10%. Finally, we conclude that the segregation of P inherited from hot band affects the plastic deformation and developed textures of the thin steel sheets.
‘The air that we breathe’: Assessment of laser and electrosurgical dissection devices on operating theater air quality
Authors: Brace Matthew D , Stevens Elizabeth , Taylor S Mark , Butt Sarah , Sun Zhennan , Hu Licai , Borden Megan , Khanna Neeraj , Kuchta James , Trites Jonathan , Hart Robert , Gibson Mark D 
Published: October 2014

Objectives To measure changes in air quality during surgery. Methods Operating room (OR) and hallway air quality was continuously monitored over a 3-month period. Rooftop monitoring was used to control for environmental changes and to account for the infiltration of outdoor air pollutants. Air quality measurements were correlated with operative times and electro-dissection equipment used. Results OR air is cooler and drier compared to the adjacent hallway. Volatile organic compounds and other gases are below indoor air exposure limit guidelines. Lasers create greater 2.5 μm particulate matter (PM2.5) mass concentration, and greater fine and coarse particle number than cautery or cold tissue dissection. Cautery produces more ultrafine particles (UFP) than other dissection techniques. OR air has lower particle counts than outdoor environmental air by virtue of air conditioning HEPA filtration. Conclusion Compared to the outside air, operating room air has lower particle counts. Lasers produce higher concentrations of PM2.5 mass and, fine and coarse particle number counts. Cautery produces higher concentrations of UFP number counts than other modalities and warrants consideration of the use of masks with ultrafine particle filtration capacity. Operating room air is consistently cooler with decreased humidity, which may cause airway irritation.
Synthesis and Properties of Extended π-Conjugated Compounds with 9,10-Bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene Units
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Karashima Sayaka , Iwanaga Tetsuo 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
New extended π-conjugated compounds with two 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene units and various linkers were synthesized by one-shot double-elimination reactions and Sonogashira coupling. Their UV–vis and fluorescence spectra were measured to evaluate the effects of the linkers on the π-conjugation. Their photophysical properties are discussed in terms of structures and molecular orbitals obtained by DFT calculations.
Predictive factors for difficult mask ventilation in the obese surgical population
Authors: Cattano Davide , Katsiampoura Anastasia , Corso Ruggero M. , Killoran Peter V. , Cai Chunyan , Hagberg Carin A. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundDifficult Mask Ventilation (DMV), is a situation in which it is impossible for an unassisted anesthesiologist to maintain oxygen saturation >90% using 100% oxygen and positive pressure ventilation to prevent or reverse signs of inadequate ventilation during mask ventilation. The incidence varies from 0.08 – 15%. Patient-related anatomical features are by far the most significant cause. We analyzed data from an obese surgical population (BMI> 30 kg/m2) to identify specific risk and predictive factors for DMV.MethodsFive hundred and fifty seven obese patients were identified from a database of 1399 cases associated with preoperative airway examinations where mask ventilation was attempted. Assessment of mask ventilation in this group was stratified by a severity score (0-3), and a step-wise selection method was used to identify independent predictors. The area under the curve of the receiver-operating-characteristic was then used to evaluate the model’s predictive value. Adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were also calculated.ResultsDMV was observed in 80/557 (14%) patients. Three independent predictive factors for DMV in obese patients were identified: age 49 years, short neck, and neck circumference 43 cm. In the current study th sensitivity for one factor is 0.90 with a specificity 0.35. However, the specificity increased to 0.80 with inclusion of more than one factor.ConclusionAccording to the current investigation, the three predictive factors are strongly associated with DMV in obese patients. Each independent risk factor alone provides a good screening for DMV and two factors substantially improve specificity. Based on our analysis, we speculate that the absence of at least 2 of the factors we identified might have a significant negative predictive value and can reasonably exclude DMV, with a negative likelihood ratio 0.81.
Lectotypification of the name Chrysobaphus roxburghii (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Bhattacharjee Avishek , Chowdhery Harsh Jee 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA lectotype is selected for Chrysobaphus roxburghii Wall. (≡ Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl.) using a specimen from WU. Specimens from the Wallichian Catalogue (Numer. List), cited as types for C. roxburghii in some recent publications, are determined as not original material for the name. The only other original element known is a Rumphius illustration, t. 41. fig. 3 (miscited as t. 51 fig. 3 in the protologue). The Rumphius illustration is not a good choice for lectotype becasue its identity is ambiguous.
Coreopsis sect. Pseudoagarista (Asteraceae: Coreopsideae): Molecular phylogeny, chromosome numbers, and comments on taxonomy and distribution
Authors: Crawford Daniel J. , Tadesse Mesfin , Kimball Rebecca T. , Carrillo-Reyes Pablo , Sánchez-Vega Isidoro , Mort Mark E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCoreopsis (Asteraceae) sect. Pseudoagarista is the largest section in the genus. It is disjunct between the high mountains of Mexico and high elevations in the Andes. Most species in the section are similar in floral and fruit characters, and are distinguished primarily by leaf characters. Despite the morphological similarity among all species, the monophyly of the section has been called into question by molecular data. Prior studies of tribe Coreopsideae have been equivocal with, cpDNA markers indicating monophyly but nrDNA ITS sequences have not resolved the section as monophyletic. Expanded cpDNA and nrDNA ITS datasets, and statistical (i.e., AU) tests of the ITS and cpDNA topologies provide support that sect. Pseudoagarista is not monophyletic. Both data partitions strongly support the Mexican and South American subclades as monophyletic. The low cpDNA sequence variation within each subclade provides no resolution, and thus patterns of evolution within each were examined using a phylogenetic framework estimated from ITS data. Sequences from ITS fail to provide high resolution of relationships among South American species, a likely result of a recent, rapid radiation, as is known in other Andean lineages. Divergence among species is generally higher in the Mexican species, resulting in better resolution of phylogenetic relationships compared to South American species. Three ploidy levels (diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid) are known in species from South America, and diploids and tetraploids have been documented in Mexico. Multiple origins of polyploidy are indicated for both geographic areas.
Measuring facial symmetry: a perception-based approach using 3D shape and color
Authors: Berssenbrügge Philipp , Lingemann-Koch Maren , Abeler Amalia , Runte Christoph , Jung Susanne , Kleinheinz Johannes , Denz Cornelia , Dirksen Dieter 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFacial symmetry is an important factor affecting esthetics. Thus, its restoration is an essential task in maxillofacial surgery. The aim of this study is to develop an objective measure of facial asymmetry by a novel approach where both the shape and the color are taken into account and to validate its correlation with perception.Optical three-dimensional (3D) face scans of 30 healthy adults are performed. Face-specific asymmetry indices are calculated by quantifying color differences as well as spatial distances between 3D data of a face and its mirrored copy. Subjective ratings of symmetry and attractiveness of the faces by 100 subjects are used to validate these indices.The symmetry ratings show significant correlations with color and geometric asymmetry indices. The attractiveness ratings correlate only weakly with both indices. However, the product of the indices exhibits significant correlations with both attractiveness and symmetry ratings.The presented combined asymmetry index comprising shape and coloring turned out to reflect subjective perception of both facial symmetry and attractiveness. It thus promises to be a valid objective measure for facial esthetics, which could contribute, e.g., to the evaluation of surgical methods as well as to the design of craniofacial prostheses.
Protection and mechanism of action of a novel human respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate based on the extracellular domain of small hydrophobic protein
Authors: Schepens Bert , Sedeyn Koen , Vande Ginste Liesbeth , De Baets Sarah , Schotsaert Michael , Roose Kenny , Houspie Lieselot , Van Ranst Marc , Gilbert Brian , van Rooijen Nico , Fiers Walter , Piedra Pedro , Saelens Xavier 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInfections with human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) occur globally in all age groups and can have devastating consequences in young infants. We demonstrate that a vaccine based on the extracellular domain (SHe) of the small hydrophobic (SH) protein of HRSV, reduced viral replication in challenged laboratory mice and in cotton rats. We show that this suppression of viral replication can be transferred by serum and depends on a functional IgG receptor compartment with a major contribution of FcγRI and FcγRIII. Using a conditional cell depletion method, we provide evidence that alveolar macrophages are involved in the protection by SHe‐specific antibodies. HRSV‐infected cells abundantly express SH on the cell surface and are likely the prime target of the humoral immune response elicited by SHe‐based vaccination. Finally, natural infection of humans and experimental infection of mice or cotton rats does not induce a strong immune response against HRSV SHe. Using SHe as a vaccine antigen induces immune protection against HRSV by a mechanism that differs from the natural immune response and from other HRSV vaccination strategies explored to date. Hence, HRSV vaccine candidates that aim at inducing protective neutralizing antibodies or T‐cell responses could be complemented with a SHe‐based antigen to further improve immune protection.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Main air pollutants and diabetes-associated mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Chengqian , Fang Dongdong , Xu Donghua , Wang Bin , Zhao Shihua , Yan Shengli , Wang Yangang 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveExposure to high levels of air pollutants may be linked to diabetes-associated mortality, but the associations remain unclear. To assess the associations between main air pollutants and diabetes-associated mortality, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.MethodsPubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for studies investigating the associations between increments in gaseous (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide, ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide) and particulate matter (PM; diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) or <10 μm (PM10)) air pollutants and diabetes-associated mortality. Using a random-effects model, relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were calculated per interquartile range (IQR) increment or per 10 μg/m3increment in pollutant concentrations.ResultsOut of 925 identified articles, 36 were reviewed in depth and 12 studies from 13 articles satisfying the inclusion criteria (five time-series, five case-crossovers and two cohorts) were finally included. Increased risk of diabetes-associated mortality was associated with higher levels of PM2.5 (per 10 μg/m3: RR=1.123, 95% CI 1.036–1.217,P=0.005,I2=96.1%), PM10 (per 10 μg/m3: RR=1.008, 95% CI 1.004–1.013,P<0.001,I2=0%), NO2(per 10 μg/m3: RR=1.024, 95% CI 1.007–1.041,P=0.006,I2=49.7%) and O3(per IQR increment: RR=1.065, 95% CI 1.017–1.115,P=0.007,I2=0.0%). No obvious risk of publication bias was observed.ConclusionsExposure to high levels of air pollutants is significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes-associated mortality.