bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TheLeporidDatum: a lateMiocene biotic marker
Authors: Flynn Lawrence J. , Winkler Alisa J. , Erbaeva Margarita , Alexeeva Nadia , Anders Ulrike , Angelone Chiara , Čermák Stanislav , Fladerer Florian A. , Kraatz Brian , Ruedas Luis A. , Ruf Irina , Tomida Yukimitsu , Veitschegger Kristof , Zhang Zhaoqun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAlthoughLagomorpha (rabbits, hares and pikas) have a long evolutionary history inEurasia andAfrica, including primitive genera ofEurasia historically considered assignable at the family level toLeporidae, the predecessors of modern rabbits were absent throughout this vast region for most of theMiocene until late in that epoch. During the early and middleMiocene, crown groupLeporidae differentiated inNorthAmerica, then dispersed to northernAsia in the lateMiocene around 8 Ma(million years before present) and afterward. They then spread widely and apparently rapidly throughoutEurasia, reachingSouthAsia by 7.4 Maand penetratingAfrica about 7 Ma.The apparently abrupt introduction ofLeporidae is a striking lateMiocene event that we call theLeporidDatum. Perceived in terms of biochrons, theLeporidDatum includes localities inEurope and westernAsia of lateMN11 (MammifèresNéogènes system) age and younger, and precedes by less than one million years theBahean‐Baodean land mammal age boundary inChina.The lateMiocene spread ofLeporidae throughoutEurasia was a successful invasion in terms of the numerous occurrences and abundant fossils preserved. Where dating is sufficiently robust, theLeporidDatum is lateMiocene, nowhere certainly more than ∼8 Ma.In contrast to this sudden and widespread invasion, rare older finds suggest two possible refinements to this scenario: stem lagomorphs close to modernLeporidae may have lingered into the middleMiocene ofEurasia, or an independent, unsuccessful leporid invasion fromNorthAmerica may have preceded the 8 Madatum.TheLeporidDatum marks an important palaeoecological event for theOldWorld and complements the significance of molecular dates for origins of modern genera.
A complex regulatory network controlling intrinsic multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Bowman Joshua , Ghosh Pallavi 
Published: November 2013

SummaryMycobacteria are intrinsically resistant to a variety of stresses including many antibiotics. Although a number of pathways have been described to account for the observed resistances, the mechanisms that control the expression of genes required in these processes remain poorly defined. Here we report the role of a predicted anti‐sigma factor, MSMEG_6129 and a predicted eukaryotic like serine/threonine protein kinase, MSMEG_5437, in the intrinsic resistance of Mycobacterium smegmatis to a variety of stresses including the genotoxic agent mitomycin C, hydrogen peroxide and at least four different antibiotics – isoniazid, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline. We show that MSMEG_5437 influences the phosphorylation state of MSMEG_6129. Further, MSMEG_6129 controls the expression of a plethora of genes including efflux pumps, ABC transporters, catalases and transcription factors, either directly or via regulators like WhiB7, which account for the observed multi‐drug resistance phenotypes. MSMEG_6129 in turn phosphorylates a contiguously located putative anti‐anti‐sigma factor, MSMEG_6127. We therefore propose that MSMEG_5437, MSMEG_6129 and MSMEG_6127 are components of a master regulatory network, upstream of whiB7, that controls the activity of one or more of the 28 sigma factors in M. smegmatis. Together, this network controls the expression of a regulon required for resistance to several unrelated antibiotics.
Stem girdling affects the quantity of CO2 transported in xylem as well as CO2 efflux from soil
Authors: Bloemen Jasper , Agneessens Laura , Van Meulebroek Lieven , Aubrey Doug P. , McGuire Mary Anne , Teskey Robert O. , Steppe Kathy 
Published: November 2013

Summary

There is recent clear evidence that an important fraction of root‐respired CO2 is transported upward in the transpiration stream in tree stems rather than fluxing to the soil. In this study, we aimed to quantify the contribution of root‐respired CO2 to both soil CO2 efflux and xylem CO2 transport by manipulating the autotrophic component of belowground respiration.

We compared soil CO2 efflux and the flux of root‐respired CO2 transported in the transpiration stream in girdled and nongirdled 9‐yr‐old oak trees (Quercus robur) to assess the impact of a change in the autotrophic component of belowground respiration on both CO2 fluxes.

Stem girdling decreased xylem CO2 concentration, indicating that belowground respiration contributes to the aboveground transport of internal CO2. Girdling also decreased soil CO2 efflux.

These results confirmed that root respiration contributes to xylem CO2 transport and that failure to account for this flux results in inaccurate estimates of belowground respiration when efflux‐based methods are used. This research adds to the growing body of evidence that efflux‐based measurements of belowground respiration underestimate autotrophic contributions.
Travertine: Distinctive depositional fabrics of carbonates from thermal spring systems
Authors: Gandin Anna , Capezzuoli Enrico 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe terrestrial limestones forming at the emergence of thermal springs show a variety of unusual depositional facies. The specific lithological and petrological features of these deposits have few counterparts in the marine, and continental, karst‐related carbonates, but they are typical of the epigean limestone that has been quarried since antiquity in the surroundings of Tivoli (Rome) under the name of travertine, where it is still forming in hydro‐geothermal fields linked to extensional tectonics. The physicochemical, hydrodynamic and geological conditions specific to the Tivoli thermal spring system imply hypersaturated alkaline–sulphate, warm to hot waters, upwelling from springs fed through open fractures/faults in extensional and/or volcanic regimes. These features, together with the hydrodynamic behaviour of the water flows running from the vents, control the petrogenetic features of the travertine, a well‐bedded, mostly finely laminated, porous but quite compact limestone. The results of a detailed comparative petrological analysis carried out on the lithofacies of travertine limestones, and of those observed during formation within numerous active thermal spring fields, provide the elements required for an exhaustive textural classification of the travertine lithofacies, which has not yet been described systematically. According to the genetic processes and fabrics, the thermal deposits that originate from such hypersaturated alkaline–sulphate, warm to hot waters, can be subdivided into: abiotic crystalline crusts, microbially mediated crusts (microbialites) and granular deposits mostly represented by small accumulations of lime‐mudstone. Some of the granular deposits and the microbialites are only partially comparable with analogous sediments forming on tidal flats/sabkhas or other continental sites; however, the facies association of crystalline crusts and laminar curled microbialites has no counterpart in the marine realm. The widespread presence of thermophile bacteria and sulphobacteria, and the general absence of autochthonous eukaryote organisms, unable to live in poisonous sulphate waters, are also undeniable evidence of their thermal origin.
AtRH57, a DEAD‐box RNA helicase, is involved in feedback inhibition of glucose‐mediated abscisic acid accumulation during seedling development and additively affects pre‐ribosomal RNA processing with high glucose
Authors: Hsu Yi‐Feng , Chen Yun‐Chu , Hsiao Yu‐Chun , Wang Bing‐Jyun , Lin Shih‐Yun , Cheng Wan‐Hsing , Jauh Guang‐Yuh , Harada John J. , Wang Co‐Shine 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe Arabidopsis thaliana T‐DNA insertion mutant rh57‐1 exhibited hypersensitivity to glucose (Glc) and abscisic acid (ABA). The other two rh57 mutants also showed Glc hypersensitivity similar to rh57‐1, strongly suggesting that the Glc‐hypersensitive feature of these mutants results from mutation of AtRH57. rh57‐1 and rh57‐3 displayed severely impaired seedling growth when grown in Glc concentrations higher than 3%. The gene, AtRH57 (At3g09720), was expressed in all Arabidopsis organs and its transcript was significantly induced by ABA, high Glc and salt. The new AtRH57 belongs to class II DEAD‐box RNA helicase gene family. Transient expression of AtRH57‐EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) in onion cells indicated that AtRH57 was localized in the nucleus and nucleolus. Purified AtRH57‐His protein was shown to unwind double‐stranded RNA independent of ATP in vitro. The ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone profoundly redeemed seedling growth arrest mediated by sugar. rh57‐1 showed increased ABA levels when exposed to high Glc. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that AtRH57 acts in a signaling network downstream of HXK1. A feedback inhibition of ABA accumulation mediated by AtRH57 exists within the sugar‐mediated ABA signaling. AtRH57 mutation and high Glc conditions additively caused a severe defect in small ribosomal subunit formation. The accumulation of abnormal pre‐rRNA and resistance to protein synthesis‐related antibiotics were observed in rh57 mutants and in the wild‐type Col‐0 under high Glc conditions. These results suggested that AtRH57 plays an important role in rRNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis and participates in response to sugar involving Glc‐ and ABA signaling during germination and seedling growth.
Critical Long Bone Defect Treated by Magnetic Scaffolds and Fixed by Permanent Magnets
Authors: Russo Alessandro , Panseri Silvia , Shelyakova Tatiana , Sandri Monica , Dionigi Chiara , Ortolani Alessandro , Meikle Steve , Lacey Joe , Tampieri Anna , Dediu Valentin , Santin Matteo , Marcacci Maurilio 
Published: November 2013

Diaphyseal bone defect represents a significant problem for orthopaedic surgeons and patients. In order to improve and fasten bone regenerating process we implanted HA biodegradable magnetized scaffolds in a large animal model critical bone defect.
A critical long bone defect was created in 6 sheep metatarsus diaphysis; then we implanted a novel porous ceramic composite scaffold (20.0 mm in length; 6.00 mm inner diameter and 17.00 mm outer diameter), made of Hydroxyapatite that incorporates magnetite (HA/Mgn 90/10), proximally fixated by two small cylindrical permanent parylene coated NdFeB magnets (one 6.00 mm diameter magnetic rod firmly incorporated into the scaffold and one 8.00 mm diameter magnetic rods fitted into proximal medullary canal, both 10.00 mm long); to give stability to the complex bone-scaffold-bone, screws and plate was used as a bridge. Scaffolds biocompatibility was previously assessed in vitro using human osteoblast-like cells. Magnetic forces through scaffold were calculated by finite element software (COMSOL Multiphysics, AC/DC Model).
One week after surgery, magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were injected at the mid portion of the scaffold using a cutaneous marker positioned during surgery as reference point. After sixteen weeks, sheep were sacrificed to analyze metatarsi. Macroscopical, radiological and microCT examinations were performed.
Macroscopical examination shows bone tissue formation inside scaffold pores and with complete coverage of scaffolds, in particular at magnetized bone-scaffold interface. X-rays show a good integration of the scaffold with a good healing process of critical bone defect, and without scaffolds mobilization. These datas were confirmed by the microCT that shown new formation of bone inside the scaffolds, in particular at magnetized bone-scaffold interface.
These preliminary results lead our research to exploiting magnetic forces to stimulate bone formation, as attested in both in vitro and in vivo models and to improve fixation at bone scaffold interface, as calculated by finite element software, and moreover to guide targeted drug delivery without functionalized magnetic nanoparticles dissemination in all body.
Histological analysis will be performed to confirm and quantify bone tissue regeneration at both interfaces.
The effect of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist on glucose tolerance in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus: protocol for an investigator-initiated, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel intervention trial
Authors: Foghsgaard Signe , Vedtofte Louise , Mathiesen Elisabeth R , Svare Jens A , Gluud Lise L , Holst Jens J , Damm Peter , Knop Filip K , Vilsbøll Tina 
Published: November 2013

IntroductionPregnancy is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity, which is usually overcome by a compensatory increase in insulin secretion. Some pregnant women are not able to increase their insulin secretion sufficiently, and consequently develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The disease normally disappears after delivery. Nevertheless, women with previous GDM have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) later in life. We aim to investigate the early development of T2D in women with previous GDM and to evaluate whether treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, liraglutide, may modify their risk of developing T2D.Methods and analyses100 women with previous GDM will be randomised to either liraglutide or placebo treatment for 1 year (blinded) with an open-label extension for another 4 years. Additionally, 15 women without previous GDM will constitute a baseline control group. Women will be tested with an oral glucose tolerance test (primary endpoint: area under the curve for plasma glucose) and an isoglycaemic intravenous glucose infusion at baseline, after 1 year and after 5 years. Additional evaluations include a glucagon test, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, imaging of the liver (ultrasound elastography and fibroscanning), anad libitummeal for food intake evaluation and questionnaires related to appetite, quality of life and alcohol consumption habits.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has been approved by the Danish Medicines Agency, the Scientific-Ethical Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark, and the Danish Data Protection Agency and will be carried out under the surveillance and guidance of the GCP unit at Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg in compliance with the ICH-GCP guidelines and in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Positive, negative and inconclusive results will be published at scientific conferences and as one or more scientific manuscripts in peer-reviewed journals.RegistrationsThe trial is registered at https://eudract.ema.europa.eu (2012-001371-37) andhttp://www.clinicaltrials.gov(NCT01795248).
Loss of Androgen Receptor Expression Promotes a Stem-like Cell Phenotype in Prostate Cancer through STAT3 Signaling
Authors: Schroeder Anne , Herrmann Andreas , Cherryholmes Gregory , Kowolik Claudia , Buettner Ralf , Pal Sumanta , Yu Hua , Müller-Newen Gerhard , Jove Richard 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is important for prostate cancer progression. However, androgen-deprivation and/or AR targeting-based therapies often lead to resistance. Here, we demonstrate that loss of AR expression results in STAT3 activation in prostate cancer cells. AR downregulation further leads to development of prostate cancer stem-like cells (CSC), which requires STAT3. In human prostate tumor tissues, elevated cancer stem-like cell markers coincide with those cells exhibiting high STAT3 activity and low AR expression. AR downregulation-induced STAT3 activation is mediated through increased interleukin (IL)-6 expression. Treating mice with soluble IL-6 receptor fusion protein or silencing STAT3 in tumor cells significantly reduced prostate tumor growth and CSCs. Together, these findings indicate an opposing role of AR and STAT3 in prostate CSC development. Cancer Res; 74(4); 1227–37. ©2013 AACR.
Mast Cells: Potential Positive and Negative Roles in Tumor Biology
Authors: Marichal Thomas , Tsai Mindy , Galli Stephen J. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Mast cells are immune cells that reside in virtually all vascularized tissues. Upon activation by diverse mechanisms, mast cells can secrete a broad array of biologically active products that either are stored in the cytoplasmic granules of the cells (e.g., histamine, heparin, various proteases) or are produced de novo upon cell stimulation (e.g., prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors). Mast cells are best known for their effector functions during anaphylaxis and acute IgE-associated allergic reactions, but they also have been implicated in a wide variety of processes that maintain health or contribute to disease. There has been particular interest in the possible roles of mast cells in tumor biology. In vitro studies have shown that mast cells have the potential to influence many aspects of tumor biology, including tumor development, tumor-induced angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling, and the shaping of adaptive immune responses to tumors. Yet, the actual contributions of mast cells to tumor biology in vivo remain controversial. Here, we review some basic features of mast cell biology with a special emphasis on those relevant to their potential roles in tumors. We discuss how using in vivo tumor models in combination with models in which mast cell function can be modulated has implicated mast cells in the regulation of host responses to tumors. Finally, we summarize data from studies of human tumors that suggest either beneficial or detrimental roles for mast cells in tumors. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(5); 269–79. ©2013 AACR.
Interrelationship Among Common Medical Complications After Acute Stroke
Authors: Ji Ruijun , Wang David , Shen Haipeng , Pan Yuesong , Liu Gaifen , Wang Penglian , Wang Yilong , Li Hao , Wang Yongjun 
Published: November 2013

Background and Purpose—
Medical complications are common among patients with stroke. However, little is known about the potential interrelationship among them. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between common in-hospital medical complications after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods—
We analyzed patients enrolled in the China National Stroke Registry from 2007 to 2008. The occurrence of 11 common stroke-associated medical complications during acute hospitalization was prospectively registered. Multivariable analysis using generalized estimation equation was performed to assess association between medical complications in AIS and ICH cohort, respectively.

Results—

A total of 14 702 patients with AIS and 5221 patients with ICH were enrolled. The median age was 65 years (interquartile range, 55–74 years), and 38.1% were female. The median length of hospital stay was 14 days (interquartile range, 10–20 days) for AIS and 18 days (interquartile range, 11–26 days) for ICH. Pneumonia was the most common medical complication after AIS (11.4%) and ICH (16.8%). In the AIS cohort, after adjusting for potential confounders, pneumonia was significantly associated with development of gastrointestinal bleeding (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 8.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.27–11.1;
P
<0.001), decubitus ulcer (adjusted OR, 5.31; 95% CI, 3.39–8.31;
P
<0.001), deep vein thrombosis (adjusted OR, 4.27; 95% CI, 2.41–7.59;
P
<0.001), epileptic seizure (adjusted OR, 3.96; 95% CI, 2.67–5.88;
P
<0.001), urinary tract infection (adjusted OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 2.73–4.10;
P
<0.001), atrial fibrillation/flutter (adjusted OR, 3.17; 95% CI, 2.58–3.90;
P
<0.001), and recurrent stroke (adjusted OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 2.07–3.40;
P
<0.001). Similar significant association between pneumonia and development of several nonpneumonia medical complications was verified in ICH cohort as well.

Conclusions—
Pneumonia is closely associated with the development of several nonpneumonia medical complications after AIS and ICH.
Tropical Pacific Influence on the Source and Transport of Marine Aerosols to West Antarctica*
Authors: Criscitiello Alison S. , Das Sarah B. , Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Evans Matthew J. , Frey Karen E. , Joughin Ian , Steig Eric J. , McConnell Joseph R. , Medley Brooke 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The climate of West Antarctica is strongly influenced by remote forcing from the tropical Pacific. For example, recent surface warming over West Antarctica reflects atmospheric circulation changes over the Amundsen Sea, driven by an atmospheric Rossby wave response to tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Here, it is demonstrated that tropical Pacific SST anomalies also influence the source and transport of marine-derived aerosols to the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Using records from four firn cores collected along the Amundsen coast of West Antarctica, the relationship between sea ice–modulated chemical species and large-scale atmospheric variability in the tropical Pacific from 1979 to 2010 is investigated. Significant correlations are found between marine biogenic aerosols and sea salts, and SST and sea level pressure in the tropical Pacific. In particular, La Niña–like conditions generate an atmospheric Rossby wave response that influences atmospheric circulation over Pine Island Bay. Seasonal regression of atmospheric fields on methanesulfonic acid (MSA) reveals a reduction in onshore wind velocities in summer at Pine Island Bay, consistent with enhanced katabatic flow, polynya opening, and coastal dimethyl sulfide production. Seasonal regression of atmospheric fields on chloride (Cl−) reveals an intensification in onshore wind velocities in winter, consistent with sea salt transport from offshore source regions. Both the source and transport of marine aerosols to West Antarctica are found to be modulated by similar atmospheric dynamics in response to remote forcing. Finally, the regional ice-core array suggests that there is both a temporally and a spatially varying response to remote tropical forcing.
Scaling Potential Evapotranspiration with Greenhouse Warming
Authors: Scheff Jacob , Frierson Dargan M. W. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is a supply-independent measure of the evaporative demand of a terrestrial climate—of basic importance in climatology, hydrology, and agriculture. Future increases in PET from greenhouse warming are often cited as key drivers of global trends toward drought and aridity. The present work computes recent and “business as usual” future Penman–Monteith PET fields at 3-hourly resolution in 13 modern global climate models. The percentage change in local annual-mean PET over the upcoming century is almost always positive, modally low double-digit in magnitude, usually increasing with latitude, yet quite divergent between models.
These patterns are understood as follows. In every model, the global field of PET percentage change is found to be dominated by the direct, positive effects of constant-relative-humidity warming (via increasing vapor deficit and increasing Clausius–Clapeyron slope). This direct-warming term accurately scales as the PET-weighted (warm-season daytime) local warming, times 5%–6% °C−1 (related to the Clausius–Clapeyron equation), times an analytic factor ranging from about 0.25 in warm climates to 0.75 in cold climates, plus a small correction. With warming of several degrees, this product is of low double-digit magnitude, and the strong temperature dependence gives the latitude dependence. Similarly, the intermodel spread in the amount of warming gives most of the spread in this term. Additional spread in the total change comes from strong disagreement on radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed changes, which make smaller yet substantial contributions to the full PET percentage change fields.