bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excursion to the World of Heptacyclic Compounds Made of Azulenes and Acetylenedicarboxylates
Authors: Chen Yi , Lehto Erja , Uebelhart Peter , Linden Anthony , Hansen Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAzulenes and acetylenedicarboxylates react under acid catalysis (Brønsted or Lewis) and form (2aRS,8aSR)‐2a,8a‐dihydrocyclopenta[cd]azulene‐1,2‐dicarboxylates as intermediate products, which then dimerize by central bond‐formation between C(2a1) and C(2′a1) and various peripheral C,C′‐atoms of the dihydroazulene fragments, depending on the substituents present. The reactions are often accompanied by the formation of side‐products, such as 2‐(azulen‐1‐yl)fumarates and ‐maleates and others caused by H‐shifts of the primary intermediates. H‐Shifts between the two tetrahydrocyclopenta[cd]azulene parts of the heptacyclic structures were also found.
Structural Safety Assessment of Ocean‐Floating Photovoltaic Structure Model
Authors: Choi Young‐Kwan , Lee Jae‐Hyeong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn designing photovoltaic (PV) structures made to float in oceans through use of a buoyant system, one must consider wave load and mooring load in addition to the load applied in PV generation systems installed on land. It is also necessary to study the safety of such floating structures during high tide and low tide, focusing on aspects such as mooring conditions caused by large differences in reservoir depth between low and high water levels. This study focuses on finite element analysis and strength assessment of an ocean‐floating PV structure. The aims of this study are to suggest a structure for a floating PV buoy with a tidal power plant to be installed in Sihwaho Lake, to analyze its safety, and to propose a suitable structure model for an ocean‐floating PV system. As a result of structural analysis and safety assessment of the proposed unit structure, the maximum unity check (UC) value of allowable stress design (ASD) for load conditions with maximum stress was found to be much smaller than the reference value, indicating a sufficient degree of safety. In the structural design of floating PV generation systems, wind and wave loads must be considered in the detailed design of the overall and local structure. A 20 kW ocean‐floating PV system was developed in November 2013 based on this study.
Pilins in gram‐positive bacteria: A structural perspective
Authors: Krishnan Vengadesan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPilins or fimbrilins are a class of proteins found in bacterial surface pilus, a hair‐like surface appendage. Both the Gram‐negative and ‐positive bacteria produce pilins to assemble pili on their cell‐surface for different purposes including adherence, twitching motility, conjugation, immunomodulation, biofilm formation, and electron transfer. Immunogenic properties of the pilins make them attractive vaccine candidates. The polymerized pilins play a key role in the initiation of host adhesion, which is a critical step for bacterial colonization and infection. Because of their key role in adhesion and exposure on the cell surface, targeting the pilins‐mediated adhesion (anti‐adhesion therapy) is also seen as a promising alternative approach for preventing and treating bacterial infections, one that may overcome their ever‐increasing repertoires of resistance mechanisms. Individual pilins interact with each other non‐covalently to assemble the pilus fiber with the help of associated proteins like chaperones and Usher in Gram‐negative bacteria. In contrast, the pilins in Gram‐positive bacteria often connect with each other covalently, with the help of sortases. Certain unique structural features present on the pilins distinguish them from one another across different bacterial strains, and these dictate their cellular targets and functions. While the structure of pilins has been extensively studied in Gram‐negative pathogenic bacteria, the pilins in Gram‐positive pathogenic bacteria have been in only during the last decade. Recently, the discovery of pilins in non‐pathogenic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, has received great attention, though traditionally the attention was on pathogenic bacteria. This review summarizes and discusses the current structural knowledge of pilins in Gram‐positive bacteria with emphasis on those pilins which are sortase substrates. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(7):533–543, 2015
Bridging In‐School and Out‐of‐School Literacies
Authors: Pyo Jeongsoo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAs new technology has changed adolescents’ literate life pathways outside of school in remarkable ways, new uses of terminology, such asmutiliteracies, are necessary to capture the multidimensional nature of literacy. However, there have been few studies on the multiliteracies experiences of Korean adolescent English learners (ELs). In this article, through a case study, Pyo examines how an adolescentELcultivated his literate identity through an inquiry‐based multimodal project. The findings reveal that the participant integrated his computer‐related practices and local experiences into the multimodal project. He used various modalities and orchestrated them for meaning making while inscribing an author's identity, which conveyed his message more comprehensively than writing alone could have done. This suggests that a multimodal literacy approach can be a powerful tool forELs to connect in‐school and out‐of‐school literacies.
Evaluating Shielding‐Based Ring‐Current Models by Using the Gauge‐Including Magnetically Induced Current Method
Authors: Du Dou , Sundholm Dage , Fliegl Heike 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMagnetically induced current densities and integrated ring‐current strength susceptibilities have been calculated at the density functional theory (DFT) level for a test set consisting of 17 ring‐shaped molecules using the gauge‐including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) method. Reliable values for the ring‐current strengths have been obtained by performing numerical integration of the current‐density susceptibility passing a cut plane perpendicularly to the molecular ring. The current densities and ring current strengths were calculated at the DFT level using the B3LYP functional and def2‐TZVP basis sets. Current densities and ring‐current strengths have also been calculated at the Hartree‐Fock self‐consistent field (HF‐SCF) level using Dunning’s aug‐cc‐pVTZ basis sets, which allow a direct comparison with ring‐current strengths that have previously been estimated using ring‐current models based on magnetic shielding calculations. Current density calculations at both levels of theory show that the magnetic shielding based ring‐current models are not a very accurate means to estimate the magnetically induced ring current strengths, whereas they provide qualitatively the correct aromaticity trends for the studied molecules.
Fetal nasal bone hypoplasia in the second trimester: Comparison of diagnostic methods for predicting trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
Authors: Has Recep , Akel Esra Gilbaz , Kalelioglu Ibrahim H. , Dural Ozlem , Yasa Cenk , Esmer Aytül Corbacioglu , Yuksel Atıl , Yildirim Alkan , Ibrahimoglu Lemi , Ermis Hayri 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of this prospective observational study was to identify the best method for use in diagnosing fetal nasal bone (NB) hypoplasia in the second trimester as a means of predicting trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).MethodsThe NB length (NBL), NBL percentiles, and NBL multiple‐of‐median (MoM) values and the biparietal diameter–to–NBL ratios were calculated and compared in an attempt to identify the best predictive method and most appropriate cutoff value. Predictive values for several cutoff points were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curves at a fixed 5% false‐positive rate were used to compare the four methods.ResultsNBL measurements were obtained from 2,211 (95.6%) of a total of 2,314 fetuses. Data from 1,689 of those 2,211 fetuses were used to obtain reference ranges, derive a linear regression equation, and calculate NBL percentiles and MoM values. Using a fixed 5% false‐positive rate, we found 25.5% sensitivity for NBL (95% confidence interval [CI], 15–39.1) and 23.5% sensitivity for NBL percentiles (95% CI, 13.4–37), NBL MoM values (95% CI, 13.4–37), and biparietal diameter–to–NBL ratios (95% CI, 13.4–37).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that all four methods can be used in the second trimester for diagnosing fetal NB hypoplasia as a means of predicting trisomy 21 because their predictive values are similar at a fixed 5% false‐positive rate. For simplicity of use, we recommend using 3 mm as the NBL cutoff value. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:106–112, 2016
Prenatally diagnosed single umbilical artery: The role and relationship of additional risk factors in the fetus for congenital heart disease
Authors: Chen Kai , Akoma Ugochi , Anderson Andrea , Mertz Heather , Quartermain Michael D. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeSingle umbilical artery (SUA) has been associated with an increased risk of congenital heart disease (CHD). Women carrying fetuses with an SUA are often referred for fetal echocardiography, but data to support the need for this testing remain controversial.MethodsA retrospective review of the records for all women carrying fetuses with an SUA who had undergone fetal echocardiography between 2009 and 2012 at our center was performed. Data on the maternal and fetal risk factors for CHD were collected, and the fetuses were categorized into three groups: low risk (LR; an SUA with no additional risk factors for CHD), moderate risk (MR; an SUA with one additional risk factor for CHD), and high risk (HR; an SUA with two or more additional risk factors for CHD).ResultsIn total, 101 such patients were identified: 69 LR, 26 MR, and 6 HR. No fetuses in the LR group, three in the MR group, and two in the HR group had CHD (p = 0.0005).ConclusionsAn SUA in an LR fetus did not increase the risk of CHD in our cohort, whereas an SUA in the presence of additional risk factors was associated with significantly increased risk for CHD. Our results suggest that referral for a fetal echocardiogram is indicated for women carrying fetuses with an SUA when additional risk factors for CHD are present. In an LR fetus with an SUA, however, echocardiography may not provide additional benefit unless CHD is suggested on screening obstetric sonography. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:113–117, 2016
Expression pattern of zebrafish rxfp2 homologue genes during embryonic development
Authors: Donizetti Aldo , Fiengo Marcella , del Gaudio Rosanna , Iazzetti Giovanni , Pariante Paolo , Minucci Sergio , Aniello Francesco 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTRXFP2 is one of the 4 receptors for relaxin insulin‐like peptides, in particular it binds with high affinity the INSL3 peptide. INSL3/RXFP2 pair is essential for testicular descent during placental mammalian development. The evolutionary history of this ligand/receptor pair has received much attention, since its function in vertebrate species lacking testicular descent, such as the fishes, remains elusive. Herein, we analyzed the expression pattern of three rxfp2 homologue genes in zebrafish embryonic development. For all the three rxfp2 genes (rxfp2a, rxfp2b, and rxfp2‐like) we showed the presence of maternally derived transcripts. Later in the development, rxfp2a is only expressed at larval stage, whereas rxfp2b is expressed in all the analyzed stage with highest level in the larvae. The rxfp2‐like gene is expressed in all the analyzed stage with a transcript level that increased starting at early pharyngula stage. The spatial localization analysis of rxfp2‐like gene showed that it is expressed in many cell clusters in the developing brain. In addition, other rxfp2‐like‐expressing cells were identified in the retina and oral epithelium. This analysis provides new insights to elucidate the evolution of rxfp2 genes in vertebrate lineage and lays the foundations to study their role in vertebrate embryonic development. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 605–613, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exposure to a novel feedstuff by goat dams during pregnancy and lactation versus pregnancy alone does not further improve post‐weaning acceptance of this feedstuff by their kids
Authors: Vu Hai Phan , Schonewille J Thomas , Dam Van Tien , Everts Henk , Hendriks Wouter H 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevious experiments demonstrated the existence of in utero learning in goats. However, in contrast to other animal species, in goats there is no information about the potential of flavour transmission from maternal feed to goat kids during lactation. The aim of the current study was to assess the role of post‐natal exposure of Chromonaela odorata leaf meal (COLM) in relation to the preferences to this feedstuff by goat kids after weaning. It was hypothesised that exposure of COLM to the dams during both pregnancy and lactation versus pregnancy alone, additionally affects post‐weaning intake of COLM by their offspring.RESULTSConsumption of COLM by the goat kids was similar during the first week post‐weaning for all treatments. However, after 4 weeks the intake of COLM was at least 1.8 times greater when kids were exposed to COLM during pregnancy whereas it remained virtually unchanged when kids were exposed to COLM during lactation only. The increase in COLM consumption was in line with the observations on latency to eat and meal size.CONCLUSIONTransmission of feeding behaviour from goat dams to offspring does not occur during lactation. However, the concept of in utero learning in goats was confirmed. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The Evolution of Gay Travel Research
Authors: Vorobjovas‐Pinta Oskaras , Hardy Anne 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper explores literature relating to the gay travel market. It argues that the current discourse in this area has largely concentrated on the demand‐led approaches such as the motivations and demographic profiles of gay travellers and the use of gay space. However, in light of societal change as well as the increasing role of technology, there is a need to revisit the demographic, motivational and behavioural characteristics of gay travellers, particularly in the context of their use of gay space. With this in mind, this paper highlights a number of significant opportunities for future research into the gay travel market. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure to Traumatic Events and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in France: Results From the WMH Survey
Authors: Husky Mathilde M. , Lépine Jean‐Pierre , Gasquet Isabelle , Kovess‐Masfety Viviane 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study examined the prevalence of traumatic events and the conditional probability of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) associated with both specific and broad classes of events in a nationally representative sample from France. The sample (N = 1,436) was a part of the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders Survey (ESEMeD), under the WHO World Mental Health Surveys‐2000 initiative. Overall, exposure to any traumatic event was 72.7%, which appeared to be lower than what has been reported in Sweden (80.8%), similar to data from the Netherlands (71.1%), and higher than what has been reported in Spain (54.0%), Italy (56.1%), Northern Ireland (60.6%) or the U.S (55.9%). Lifetime prevalence of PTSD was 3.9%, lower than in the United States (7.8%), Sweden (5.6%), or Northern Ireland (8.8%), but higher than in Spain (2.2%) or Italy (2.4%). Being beaten up by a romantic partner (25.0%), having a child with serious illness (23.5%), and rape (21.5%) were associated with the highest risk of PTSD. The average duration of PTSD was 5.3 years (0.2–28.1). The burden of PTSD in France appeared to come from the consequences of violence and social network events suggesting that prevention efforts might focus on limiting the occurrence of exposure to avoidable events such as violence as well as provide support for persons exposed to social network events.
Using beaver works to estimate colony activity in boreal landscapes
Authors: Johnston Carol A. , Windels Steve K. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBeaver ponds and beaver‐impounded vegetation are indicators of past or present beaver activity that can be detected from aerial photography. A method to quantitatively relate these beaver works with the density of active beaver colonies could benefit beaver management, particularly in areas lacking beaver population data. We compared historical maps (1961–2006) of beaver works at Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, USA with concurrent aerial surveys of beaver colonies. We tested 2 landscape‐scale models of beaver colony density previously developed for a period of beaver population expansion (1940–1986), but they failed to predict colony density after 1986, a period of declining beaver population. We developed a new landscape‐scale regression, calculating that 2.15% of the landscape would be flooded by every 100 additional beaver colonies (R2 = 0.53, P = 0.027). Classification tree analysis of individual pond sites showed that open water pond and impounded marsh area were the primary predictors of beaver colony presence or absence, but that the classification trees were far better at identifying inactive sites (>93% correct) than active sites (35–38% correct). The area of open water in beaver ponds is a good but not perfect indicator of beaver activity that can be used by wildlife managers as a landscape‐scale indicator of beaver colony density. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Detecting, estimating, and correcting for biases in harvest data
Authors: Schmidt Jennifer I. , Kellie Kalin A. , Chapin F. Stuart 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTHunting is important to many people because it provides food, recreation, and cultural identity, so proper management of wildlife is necessary. Wildlife agencies and researchers often rely on harvest data supplied by hunters, but interpretation of these data can be misleading when biases are not acknowledged, assessed, and corrected. We use harvest information collected by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) from moose (Alces alces gigas) hunters to examine and correct 3 common biases in harvest data: heaping in responses of estimated effort (i.e., rounding), changes in report design, and nonreporting. We found that bias due to heaping was limited (2.8%). A large increase in special permits in 2004 (6.1% in 2003 and 40.1% in 2004) corresponded with increases in individuals with multiple permits (8.6% and 17.3%), which biased estimates of hunt participation calculated from permit data. Failure to correct for multiple reports per hunter also resulted in an artificial decline in success over time. Road access influenced reporting rates; rural Alaska residents without a road had the lowest reporting rate (67%) and rural with a road the greatest (82%). A statewide trend of 663 additional hunters per year calculated from raw permit data was eliminated once data were corrected for both multiple permits and nonreporting. Late reporters were also less likely to hunt (11.8%) than all reporters. Our research shows that survey data bias can significantly influence data interpretation, and wildlife managers must balance information needs, time constraints, and financial resources when determining which biases to correct. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Functional expression, purification, and biochemical properties of subtilase SprP from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Pelzer Alexander , Schwarz Christian , Knapp Andreas , Wirtz Astrid , Wilhelm Susanne , Smits Sander , Schmitt Lutz , Funken Horst , Jaeger Karl‐Erich 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Pseudomonas aeruginosa genome encodes a variety of different proteolytic enzymes several of which play an important role as virulence factors. Interestingly, only two of these proteases are predicted to belong to the subtilase family and we have recently studied the physiological role of the subtilase SprP. Here, we describe the functional overexpression of SprP in Escherichia coli using a novel expression and secretion system. We show that SprP is autocatalytically activated by proteolysis and exhibits optimal activity at 50°C in a pH range of 7–8. We also demonstrate a significant increase in sprP promoter activity upon growth of P. aeruginosa at 43°C indicating a role for SprP in heat shock response.
The Core Assessment Program for Surgical Interventional Therapies in Parkinson's Disease (CAPSIT‐PD): Tolerability of Preoperative Neuropsychological Testing for Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Pal Gian D. , Persinger Virginia , Bernard Bryan , Ouyang Bichun , Goetz Christopher G. , Verhagen Metman Leo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe examined tolerability of preoperative neuropsychological testing (the Core Assessment Program for Surgical Interventional Therapies in Parkinson's Disease [CAPSIT‐PD] protocol) for DBS. We also examined factors that may influence tolerability, including fatigue, global cognitive function, depression, and patient‐based characteristics.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we reviewed preoperative neuropsychological testing results from 35 patients who were scheduled to undergo DBS. We examined the overall tolerability of the full battery and the tolerability of each test. We placed attention on a test's placement in the fixed order of the battery to measure whether there was a clustering of poorly tolerated tests toward the end of the battery as an indication of fatigue. Spearman's rank correlation was used to determine the relationship between tolerability and (1) global cognitive function, (2) depression, and (3) patient‐based characteristics.ResultsFourteen subjects (40%) were able to tolerate the full battery and completed all 10 tests. The domains that were least tolerated pertained to executive function and procedural memory. There was a consistent time‐based tolerability pattern that was observed. There was a significant correlation between tolerability and global cognitive function (ρ = 0.344; P = 0.043), but not depression (P = 0.197). There was a significant correlation between tolerability and age (ρ = −0.491; P = 0.003) and disease duration (ρ = −0.442; P = 0.008), but not UPDRS‐III scores (P = 0.284).ConclusionOur results have shown limited tolerability of the full neuropsychological battery as outlined by the CAPSIT‐PD protocol. We suggest the consideration of updating the neuropsychological assessment used in the CAPSIT‐PD protocol.
Development of Small‐Molecule Antivirals for Ebola
Authors: Janeba Zlatko 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEbola hemorrhagic fever is a deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species. Although a significant progress has recently been made in understanding of Ebola virus biology and pathogenesis, development of effective anti‐Ebola treatments has not been very productive, compared to other areas of antiviral research (e.g., HIV and HCV infections). No approved vaccine or medicine is available for Ebola but several are currently under development. This review summarises attempts in identification, evaluation, and development of small‐molecule candidates for treatment of Ebola viral disease, including the most promising experimental drugs brincidofovir (CMX001), BCX4430, and favipiravir (T‐705).