bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indirect prediction of total body water content in healthy adult Beagles by single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis
Authors: Yaguiyan-Colliard Laurence , Daumas Caroline , Bousbiat Sana , Jaffrin Michel , Cardot Philippe , Grandjean Dominique , Priymenko Nathalie , Nguyen Patrick , Roux Françoise 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop equations for prediction of total body water (TBW) content in unsedated dogs by combining impedance (resistance and reactance) and morphological variables and to compare the results of those equations with TBW content determined by deuterium dilution (TBWd).
ANIMALS 26 healthy adult Beagles.
PROCEDURES TBW content was determined directly by deuterium dilution and indirectly with equations developed from measurements obtained by use of a portable bioelectric impedance device and morphological variables including body length, height, weight, and thoracic and abdominal circumferences.
RESULTS Impedance and morphological data from 16 of the 26 dogs were used to determine coefficients for the following 2 equations: TBW1 = −0.019 (BL2/R) + −0.199 (RC + AC) + 0.996W + 0.081H + 12.31; and TBW2 = 0.048 (BL2/R) + −0.144 (RC + AC) + 0.777W + 0.066H + 0.031X + 7.47, where AC is abdominal circumference, H is height, BL is body length, R is resistance, RC is rib cage circumference, W is body weight, and × is reactance. Results for TBW1 (R21 = 0.843) and TBW2 (R22 = 0.816) were highly correlated with the TBWd. When the equations were validated with data from the remaining 10 dogs, the respective mean differences between TBWd and TBW1 and TBW2 were 0.17 and 0.11 L, which equated to a nonsignificant underestimation of TBW content by 2.4% and 1.6%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that impedance and morphological data can be used to accurately estimate TBW content in adult Beagles. This method of estimating TBW content is less expensive and easier to perform than is measurement of TBWd, making it appealing for daily use in veterinary practice.
Evaluation of the ability of a gravitational filtration system to enhance recovery of equine bone marrow elements
Authors: Mundy Lauren N. , Ishihara Akikazu , Wellman Maxey L. , Bertone Alicia L. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess efficiency of gravity filtration to enhance recovery of equine bone marrow elements including stem and progenitor cells.
ANIMALS 12 healthy adult horses.
PROCEDURES Bone marrow aspirates were collected from the fifth sternebral body and filtered by gravitational flow to obtain bone marrow elements. Raw and harvested bone marrow and marrow effluent were evaluated for WBC and platelet counts, automated and cytomorphologic cell differential counts, mesenchymal stem cell CFUs, cell viability, and differentiation capacity. Isolated cells were analyzed for CD90 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II antigens.
RESULTS Mean cell viability of harvested bone marrow was 95.9%. Total WBCs and platelets were efficiently captured on the filter (> 95%), and mean recovery in harvested bone marrow was 30%. Cytologic cell differential counts indicated that the percentage of neutrophils was significantly less and the progenitor cell population was significantly higher and concentrated 1.56-fold in harvested bone marrow, compared with results for raw bone marrow. Flow cytometry and cell culture were used to characterize harvested bone marrow cells as positive for expression of CD90 and negative for MHCI and MHCII, which indicated stem cells with a multipotent phenotype that differentiated into chondrocytes, osteocytes, adipocytes, and tenocytes.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Gravitational filtration of bone marrow efficiently yielded platelets and cells and produced a progenitor-enriched, leukocyte-reduced product, compared with raw bone marrow.
Seismic signals from large, tabular icebergs drifting along the Dronning Maud Land coast, Antarctica, and their significance for iceberg monitoring
Authors: Pirli Myrto , Matsuoka Kenichi , Schweitzer Johannes , Moholdt Geir 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this study, we analyze a large dataset of seismic signals, recorded by station TROLL in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The signals, recorded in April–December 2012, came from sources near the edge of the ice shelves, at distances of 230–500 km from TROLL. The sources, which moved westward with time, could be associated with four large, tabular icebergs, drifting between 15° E and 8° W. Combining the seismological data with information from satellite remote sensing, we find that one-third of the signals can be attributed to individual icebergs. The trajectories of three of the associated icebergs are known through iceberg-tracking databases, whereas the fourth, a fragment of one of the other three, is untracked, and only scarce information is available from satellite imagery. The observed seismic signals exhibit a wide variety of frequency characteristics, from unstructured episodes to occurrences of iceberg harmonic tremor. Although we are not able to determine the exact cause of the signals, we classify them into five classes on a phenomenological basis. This study demonstrates the potential of regional seismic networks for iceberg monitoring as supplementary resources to information obtained with remote-sensing technologies.
*informatics: Identifying and Tracking Informatics Sub-Discipline Terms in the Literature
Authors: Sarkar I. N. , Chen E. S. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryObjective: To identify the breadth of informatics sub-discipline terms used in the literature for enabling subsequent organization and searching by sub-discipline.Methods: Titles in five literature sources were analyzed to extract terms for informatics sub-disciplines: 1) United States (U.S.) Library of Congress Online Catalog, 2) English Wikipedia, 3) U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) Catalog, 4) PubMed, and 5) PubMed Central. The extracted terms were combined and standardized with those in four vocabulary sources to create an integrated list: 1) Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), 2) Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), 3) U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus (NCIt), and 4) EMBRACE Data and Methods (EDAM). Searches for terms in titles from each literature source were conducted to obtain frequency counts and start years for characterizing established and potentially emerging sub-disciplines.Results: Analysis of 6,949 titles from literature sources and 67 terms from vocabulary sources resulted in an integrated list of 382 terms for informatics sub-disciplines mapped to 292 preferred terms. In the last five decades, “bioinformatics”, “medical informatics”, “health informatics”, “nursing informatics”, and “biomedical informatics” were associated with the most literature. In the current decade, potentially emerging sub-disciplines include “disability informatics”, “neonatal informatics”, and “nanoinformatics” based on literature from the last five years.Conclusions: As the field of informatics continues to expand and advance, keeping upto-date with historical and current trends will become increasingly challenging. The ability to track the accomplishments and evolution of a particular sub-discipline in the literature could be valuable for supporting informatics research, education, and training.
In vitro biomechanical testing of different configurations of acrylic external skeletal fixator constructs
Authors: Tyagi S. K. , Kinjavdeka P. , Amarpal Sharma , Pawde A. M. , Srivastava T. , Singh J. , Madhu D. N. , Aithal H. P. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryObjective: To evaluate the in vitro biomechanical properties of four different configurations of acrylic external skeletal fixator constructs.Materials and methods: Simulated bone constructs were prepared using two segments of 20 mm ultra-high-density polyethylene rods with a gap of 5 mm. The full pins (1.5 mm) were passed through the proximal and distal segments of ultra-high-density polyethylene rods, in the same plane, parallel to each other in configuration U, and were crossed in the M1, M2 and C configurations at a 90° angle to each other. Configuration U was a single bilateral uniplanar construct, M1 was a double orthogonal bilateral construct, M2 was a double orthogonal bilateral construct with proximal and distal connecting articulations, and C was a double orthogonal bilateral construct with proximal and distal circumferential articulations. Temporary scaffolds of different external skeletal fixator configurations were constructed using commercially available polyvinyl chloride pipes (20 mm) connected and secured to the fixation pins at a fixed distance from the rods. Acrylic powder (polymer) mixed with liquid (monomer) was poured into the pipes and allowed to solidify to form the side bars and rings. The external skeletal fixator constructs were then subjected to axial compression, cranio-caudal three-point bending and torsion (n = 4 each) using a universal testing machine. Mechanical parameters, namely stress, strain, modulus of elasticity, stiffness and bending moment of fixator constructs, were determined from load-displacement curves.Results: Configuration U was the weakest and configuration C was the strongest under all the testing modes. Under compression, the M1, M2 and C configurations were similar. Under bending, a significant difference was observed among the uniplanar, multi -planar and circular configurations with no difference between M1 and M2. However, under torsion, all the external skeletal fixator configurations differed significantly.Clinical significance: The freeform external skeletal fixator using acrylic as a replacement for a metallic bar may be useful to treat bone fractures and luxations in small animals, as it is mechanically strong, lightweight, economical, and pins can be passed from any direction depending upon the clinical situation.
La montée en charge des risques sociaux depuis 1945
Authors: Mikou Myriam , Solard Julie , Roussel Romain 
Published: May 2015

Mise en œuvre dès 1945, la Sécurité sociale française a instauré un système d’assurances sociales obligatoires contre les risques sociaux. Toutefois, les différents risques de protection sociale sont montés en charge progressivement et selon leur calendrier propre, en réponse aux différents besoins sociaux dont l’importance s’est révélée au fil des années. Très rapidement, les risques famille et accidents du travail-maladies professionnelles ont fait l’objet d’une attention particulière. Les principaux piliers du système, en termes de montants de dépenses, se sont constitués pendant les Trente Glorieuses autour des branches maladie et vieillesse, cette dernière demeurant encore à ce jour assez émiettée. Plus récemment, dans un contexte financier plus difficile, ont émergé des problématiques nouvelles, qui n’ont pas nécessairement été intégrées à la Sécurité sociale stricto sensu : il s’agit en particulier de l’assurance chômage, des dispositifs mis en œuvre pour lutter contre la pauvreté et aider les plus modestes à se loger ou encore de la prise en charge de la dépendance.
États providence en devenir, devenir des États providence
Authors: Merrien François-Xavier 
Published: May 2015

L’invention du « Welfare State » moderne ne peut être comprise sans être située dans un mouvement international plus large qui débute à la fin du xix e siècle et pousse toutes les nations industrielles à prendre au sérieux la question de l’insécurité ouvrière, puis à vouloir stabiliser le salariat, quitte à remettre en cause les principes de l’ordre libéral. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le social est considéré comme le complément indispensable de l’économique (Déclaration de Philadelphie 1944). Les réalisations qui en sont issues permettront à Esping Andersen de parler de trois idéaux types : national universaliste, corporatiste continental et résiduel. Dans les années soixante-dix, l’installation durable dans la crise économique et sociale s’accompagne d’un nouveau référentiel libéral de l’action publique : les juristes reculent devant les économistes et les « managers ». Il faut « responsabiliser l’acteur social ». Au début du xxi e siècle un troisième moment se fait jour avec les Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement ( omd ), le social est réévalué comme condition de la cohésion sociale et de la croissance.
Perspectives sur la protection sociale
Authors: Laroque Michel , de Montalembert Marc 
Published: May 2015

Cet article de conclusion ouvre, notamment à partir des articles de ce numéro, des perspectives sur les limites et réformes souhaitables de la protection sociale française. Il constate, au regard des leçons de l’histoire, plusieurs limites : échec de l’objectif d’unité de la protection sociale légale, brouillage des concepts, des politiques et des gestions, prédominance des stratégies financières à court terme, difficulté des réformes. Il se positionne sur les débats en cours : équilibre financier ou déficit, remplacement des cotisations sociales salariées par la contribution sociale généralisée, cotisation sociale du xxi e siècle, et mise en place d’une tva sociale ; adaptation de la gouvernance sociale, notamment par une réorganisation territoriale ; poursuite des réformes de l’assurance vieillesse pour un équilibre entre actifs et retraités, une unification de l’organisation et un aménagement des droits des femmes et des hommes ; fusion des organismes d’assurance maladie et poursuite de la maîtrise des dépenses de santé ; prestations familiales équilibrant redistribution horizontale et verticale pour ne pas désinciter à l’emploi formel ; remise en ordre de la protection de l’invalidité, du handicap et de la dépendance ; activation mesurée des dépenses sociales. Il émet des suggestions sur des questions négligées en pratique : démocratie sociale et participation des bénéficiaires, logement, jeunes, solidarité européenne et internationale.
Alteration in Activation Pattern of Neck Muscles in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain
Authors: Chahal Rajwant Kaur , Kumar Pravin 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate activation pattern of neck muscles in patients with chronic neck pain of nontraumatic origin during static tasks.

Materials and methods
Fifteen normal subjects were taken in group A and 15 patients with chronic neck pain of nontraumatic origin were taken in group B. Electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded from the sternocleidomastoid, anterior scalene, levator scapulae and upper trapezius muscles. Percentage maximum voluntary isometric contraction were calculated during static tasks, which included shoulder abduction to 90° and hold, shrug and hold, craniocervical flexion and hold.

Results
There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference found in activation pattern of neck muscles when we compared right and left sides within groups A and B. But when we compared between groups, group B showed a significant (p < 0.05) increased activation pattern in anterior scalene, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius compared to normal subject's neck muscles except levator scapulae which shows no significant difference between groups.

Conclusion
It is concluded from the study that, in patient of nontraumatic origin of chronic neck pain, all the patients showed a significant increased level of EMG activity in neck muscles during performance of static activities as compared to asymptomatic controls.

How to cite this article
Chahal RK, Kumar P. Alteration in Activation Pattern of Neck Muscles in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):1-7.
Sinonasal Verrucous Carcinoma
Authors: Qazi Sajad M , Iqbal Irfan , Mirza Aneesa , Ali Ihshan , Kumari Sheetal 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTVerrucous carcinoma is a low grade malignancy and is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It is a rare tumor of the sinonasal tract. The neoplasm occurs in older people usually in the seventh or eighth decade of life. Our cases were both of sinonasal origin and of younger age group.How to cite this articleQazi SM, Iqbal I, Mirza A, Ali I, Kumari S. Sinonasal Verrucous Carcinoma. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):8-9.
Schwannoma of the Lower Lip Mucosa: An Unexpected Finding
Authors: Raikwar Kanchan Rajesh , Ghodke Monali H , Deshmukh Vikramsinh B , Garde Janardan B , Suryavanshi Rajendrakumar K 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTOf all the neurogenic tumors, about half are seen in the head and neck region. Schwannomas are benign tumors of nerve sheath schwann cells and are quite uncommon in the oral cavity, rarely occurring in the lip area. A MEDLINE search in the English literature from 1969 to 2013 revealed only 20 documented cases of schwannomas of the lip.Although rare, schwannoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any nodule or mass in the oral mucosa. In the current study, authors report a case of an intraoral schwannoma situated in the lower lip. The diagnosis was established based on clinical and histopathological aspects, which was treated by complete surgical excision.How to cite this articleRaikwar KR, Ghodke MH, Deshmukh VB, Garde JB, Suryavanshi RK. Schwannoma of the Lower Lip Mucosa: An Unexpected Finding. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):35-37.
Can Whitening Strips interfere with the Bond Strength of Composite Resins?
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , de Jesus Tavarez Rudys Rodolfo , Firoozmand Leily Macedo , Bandeca Matheus Coelho , Bhandi Shilpa H , Bramante Fausto Silva , Reis Washington Luís Machado dos , Vieira Mercêdes Aroucha , Nunes Adriana Gomes , de Oliveira Roma Regina Vieira 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the bond strength of composite resins on enamel previously treated with whitening strips.

Materials and methods
A total of 48 bovine incisors were allocated to four experimental groups (n = 12 each): G1 (WSC)— treated with 9.5% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips (3D White Whitestrips® Advanced Vivid/CREST); G2 (WSO)—treated with 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips (3D WhiteTM/Oral B); G3 (WG)—treated with 7.5% hydrogen peroxide gel with fluorine, calcium and potassium nitrate (White Class®/FGM); and G4 (C)—control not subjected to bleaching treatment. The specimens were subjected to bleaching over 2 weeks following the manufacturers’ instructions. Following the elaboration of the composite resin test specimens, the samples were stored in artificial saliva and subsequently subjected to the microshear test using the universal testing machine (EMIC®). The bond strength values were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's statistical test (5%).

Results
Significant differences were observed among the investigated groups (p < 0.05). The G3-WG exhibited greater values compared with the control group and the groups treated with strips, G1-WSC and G2-WSO. Analysis of the bond interface revealed that a large fraction of the failures occurred at the enamel-resin interface.

Conclusion
The bond strength decreased following 14 days of treatment with bleaching strips, whereas the whitening gel with 7.5% hydrogen peroxide, calcium and fluorine increased the bond strength.

How to cite this article
Firoozmand LM, dos Reis WLM, Vieira MA, Nunes AG, de Jesus Tavarez RR, Tonetto MR, Bramante FS, Bhandi SH, de Oliveira Roma RV, Bandeca MC. Can Whitening Strips interfere with the Bond Strength of Composite Resins? J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(4):259-263.
Salivary Flow Rates of Nigerian Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-control Study
Authors: Oyetola Elijah Olufemi , Owotade Foluso John , Agbelusi Gbemisola Adewumi , Fatusi Olawumi , Sanusi Abubakar , Adesina Olufunlola M 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Aims and objectives
The study determined the relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and changes in salivary flow and the complications of reduced salivary flow among African subjects with CKD compared with the controls.

Materials and methods
One hundred and eighty patients, 90 CKD and 90 controls were recruited, interviewed and examined. Stimulated and unstimulated saliva collection was done with standardized spitting method. Urinalysis and blood creatinine levels were determined and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of each patient was calculated from the blood creatinine using Cockcroft and Gault formula. Statistical analysis was done using STATA 11 software.

Results
The mean stimulated and unstimulated whole salivary flow rate among CKD subjects were 4.07 ± 1.91 and 2.34 ± 0.99 ml/5 min respectively and is significantly lower than that of the controls which were 8.05 ± 3.95 ml/5 min and 3.82 ± 2.27 ml/5 min for stimulated and unstimulated flow rates. Oral signs of reduced salivary flow were found in 80% of CKD patients. The commonest oral finding was taste abnormalities others are burning sensation, halitosis and difficulty in mastication.

Conclusion
Patients with CKD had reduced stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate. Reduced salivary flow was associated with oral lesions in majority (80%) of CKD patients, the commonest finding being taste abnormalities.

How to cite this article
Oyetola EO, Owotade FJ, Agbelusi GA, Fatusi O, Sanusi A, Adesina OM. Salivary Flow Rates of Nigerian Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-control Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(4):264-269.
Effects of Diode Laser Debonding of Ceramic Brackets on Enamel Surface and Pulpal Temperature
Authors: Yassaei Soghra , Soleimanian Azadeh , Nik Zahra Ebrahimi 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
Debonding of ceramic brackets due to their high bond strength and low fracture toughness is one of the most challenging complications of orthodontic clinicians. Application of lasers might be effective in the debonding of ceramic brackets as they reduce bond strength of resins and, therefore, can eliminate the risk of enamel damage. However, the thermal effects of laser radiation on dental tissue can cause undesirable results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the enamel surface characteristics and pulpal temperature changes of teeth after debonding of ceramic brackets with or without laser light.

Materials and methods
Thirty polycrystalline brackets were bonded to 30 intact extracted premolars, and later debonded conventionally or through a diode laser (2.5 W, 980 nm). The laser was applied for 10 seconds with sweeping movement. After debonding, the adhesive remnant index (ARI), the lengths and frequency of enamel cracks were compared among the groups. The increase in intrapulpal temperature was also measured. The collected data were analyzed by Chi-squared test and paired t-test using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

Results
There was no case of enamel fracture in none of the groups. Laser debonding caused a significant decrease in the frequency and lengths of enamel cracks, compared to conventional debonding. In laser debonding group, the increase in intrapulpal temperature (1.46Â°C) was significantly below the benchmark of 5.5Â°C for all the specimens. No significant difference was observed in ARI scores among the groups.

Conclusion
Laser-assisted debonding of ceramic brackets could reduce the risk of enamel damage, without causing thermal damage to the pulp. However, some increases in the length and frequency of enamel cracks should be expected with all debonding methods.

How to cite this article
Yassaei S, Soleimanian A, Nik ZE. Effects of Diode Laser Debonding of Ceramic Brackets on Enamel Surface and Pulpal Temperature. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(4):270-274.