bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensing Acetylcholine and Anticholinesterase Compounds
Authors: Schena Alberto , Johnsson Kai 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAcetylcholine is a key neurotransmitter, and anticholinesterase agents are essential compounds used as medical drugs, pesticides, and chemical warfare agents. A semisynthetic fluorescence‐based probe for the direct, real‐time detection of acetylcholine and anticholinesterase compounds is introduced. The probe possesses good sensitivity, tunable detection range, and can be selectively targeted to cell surfaces, thereby making it an attractive tool for applications in analytical chemistry and quantitative biology.
Highly Efficient Platinum Group Metal Free Based Membrane‐Electrode Assembly for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Pavel Claudiu C. , Cecconi Franco , Emiliani Chiara , Santiccioli Serena , Scaffidi Adriana , Catanorchi Stefano , Comotti Massimiliano 
Published: December 2013

AbstractLow‐temperature electricity‐driven water splitting is an established technology for hydrogen production. However, the two main types, namely proton exchange membrane (PEM) and liquid alkaline electrolysis, have limitations. For instance, PEM electrolysis requires a high amount of costly platinum‐group‐metal (PGM) catalysts, and liquid alkaline electrolysis is not well suited for intermittent operation. Herein we report a highly efficient alkaline polymer electrolysis design, which uses a membrane‐electrode assembly (MEA) based on low‐cost transition‐metal catalysts and an anion exchange membrane (AEM). This system exhibited similar performance to the one achievable with PGM catalysts. Moreover, it is very suitable for intermittent power operation, durable, and able to efficiently operate at differential pressure up to 3 MPa. This system combines the benefits of PEM and liquid alkaline technologies allowing the scalable production of low‐cost hydrogen from renewable sources.
Sequential mixing as effective method in the reduction of percolation threshold of multiwall carbon nanotube in poly(methyl methacrylate)/high‐density poly(ethylene)/MWCNT nanocomposites
Authors: Patra Rajat , Suin Supratim , Mandal Dipankar , Khatua B. B. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis work demonstrates sequential heating protocol to be an effective method in the reduction of percolation threshold of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) in (70/30 w/w) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/high‐density poly(ethylene) (HDPE)/MWCNT nanocomposites. Here, the percolation threshold (Pc) value was reduced to 0.08 wt % of MWCNT, which is the lowest among the ever reported values of Pc for the PMMA system. Moreover, a co‐continuous morphology of the minor HDPE phase was evident throughout the major PMMA phase in a highly asymmetric composition (70/30 w/w) of the blend constituents. The AC conductivity as well as the dielectric permittivity values were increased with increase in loading of MWCNT in the nanocomposites. The detailed analysis of electrical and morphological properties is discussed in depth in the article. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40235.
Effect of silica nanoparticles on microbial biomass and silica availability in maize rhizosphere
Authors: Rangaraj Suriyaprabha , Gopalu Karunakaran , Rathinam Yuvakkumar , Periasamy Prabu , Venkatachalam Rajendran , Narayanasamy Kannan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe effect of silica nanoparticles and conventional silica sources on the changes in microbial biomass and silica availability to pure soil and maize rhizosphere was studied. Nanosilica (20–40 nm) was synthesized from rice husk and comprehensively characterized. The efficiency of nanosilica was evaluated in terms of its effects on beneficial microbial population such as phosphate solubilizers, nitrogen fixers, silicate solubilizers, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content, and silica content in comparison with other silica sources such as microsilica, sodium silicate, and silicic acid. Nanosilica significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced microbial populations, total biomass content (C = 1508 μg g−1 and N = 178 μg g−1), and silica content (14.75 mg mL−1). Although microsilica sources enhanced factors associated with soil fertility, their use by maize roots and silicification in soil was found to be less. The results show that nanosilica plays a vital role in influencing soil nutrient content and microbial biota and, hence, may promote the growth of maize crop.
High‐Throughput Mapping of the Electrochemical Properties of (Ni‐Fe‐Co‐Ce)Ox Oxygen‐Evolution Catalysts
Authors: Haber Joel A. , Xiang Chengxiang , Guevarra Dan , Jung Suho , Jin Jian , Gregoire John M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDiscovering improved electrocatalysts is critical for many technologically important processes and for the development of new clean‐energy technologies. High‐throughput methods for measuring fundamental electrochemical properties are demonstrated through the investigation of oxygen‐evolution catalysis by using 665 oxide compositions containing nickel, iron, cobalt, and cerium. The behavior of each composition is characterized in 1.0 M NaOH(aq) by using a scanning drop three‐electrode cell to perform chronopotentiometry (CP) and cyclic voltammetry experiments. CP measurements at different current densities identify different composition–performance trends, owing to underlying variations in fundamental electrochemical behavior. We report systematic, coincident, composition‐dependent trends in the Tafel slopes and the reversible redox potentials of the catalysts. Applying high‐throughput electrochemical methods provides insight into composition–property–performance relationships and motivates new directions for the study of catalyst mechanisms by using informatics and theory.
Monovinyl Sulfone β‐Cyclodextrin. A Flexible Drug Carrier System
Authors: del Castillo Teresa , Marales‐Sanfrutos Julia , Santoyo‐González Francisco , Magez Stefan , Lopez‐Jaramillo F. Javier , Garcia‐Salcedo Jose A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCyclodextrins have been conjugated to target various receptors and have also been functionalized with carbohydrates for targeting specific organs. However, this approach is based on a rigid design that implies the ad hoc synthesis of each cyclodextrin‐targeting agent conjugate. We hypothesized that: 1) a modular design that decouples the carrier function from the targeting function leads to a flexible system, 2) combining the reactivity of the vinyl sulfone group toward biomolecules that act as targeting agents with the ability of cyclodextrin to form complexes with a wide range of drugs may yield a versatile system that allows the targeting of different organs with different drugs, and 3) the higher reactivity of histidine residues toward the vinyl sulfone group can be exploited to couple the cyclodextrin to the targeting system with a degree of regioselectivity. As a proof of concept, we synthesized a monovinyl sulfone β‐cyclodextrin (module responsible for the payload), which, after coupling to recombinant antibody fragments raised against Trypanosoma brucei (module responsible for targeting) and loading with nitrofurazone (module responsible for therapeutic action) resulted in an effective delivery system that targets the surface of the parasites and shows trypanocidal activity.
Detailed and simultaneous power and performance analysis
Authors: Servat Harald , Llort Germán , Giménez Judit , Labarta Jesús 
Published: December 2013

SummaryOn the road to Exascale computing, both performance and power areas are meant to be tackled at different levels, from system to processor level. The processor itself is the main responsible for the serial node performance and also for the most of the energy consumed by the system. Thus, it is important to have tools to simultaneously analyze both performance and energy efficiency at processor level.Performance tools have allowed analysts to understand, and even improve, the performance of an application that runs in a system. With the advent of recent processor capabilities to measure its own power consumption, performance tools can increase their collection of metrics by adding those related to energy consumption and provide a correlation between the source code, its performance and its energy efficiency. In this paper, we present a performance tool that has been extended to gather such energy metrics. The results of this tool are passed to a mechanism called folding that produces detailed metrics and source code references by using coarse grain sampling. We have used the tool with multiple serial benchmarks as well as parallel applications to demonstrate its usefulness by locating hot spots in terms of performance and power drained. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Two‐Stage Stochastic Mixed‐Integer Programming Approach to the Smart House Scheduling Problem
Authors: Ozoe Shunsuke , Tanaka Yoichi , Fukushima Masao 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYA “smart house” is a highly energy‐optimized house equipped with photovoltaic (PV) systems, electric battery systems, fuel cell (FC) cogeneration systems, electric vehicles (EVs), and so on. Smart houses are attracting much attention recently because of their enhanced ability to save energy by making full use of renewable energy and by achieving power grid stability despite an increased power draw for installedPVsystems. Yet running a smart house's power system, with its multiple power sources and power storages, is no simple task. In this paper, we consider the problem of power scheduling for a smart house with aPVsystem, anFCcogeneration system, and anEV. We formulate the problem as a mixed‐integer programming problem, and then extend it to a stochastic programming problem involving recourse costs to cope with uncertain electricity demand, heat demand, andPVpower generation. Using our method, we seek to achieve the optimal power schedule running at the minimum expected operation cost. We present some results of numerical experiments with data on real‐life demands andPVpower generation to show the effectiveness of our method. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(4): 48–58, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22336
tBu3P‐Coordinated 2‐Phenylaniline‐Based Palladacycle Complexes as Precatalyst for Pd‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides with Polyfluoroarenes by a C–H Activation Strategy
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Hai , Dong Jie , Hu Qiao‐Sheng 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA tBu3P‐coordinated 2‐phenylaniline‐based palladacycle complex was demonstrated to be an efficient precatalyst for Pd‐catalyzed coupling reactions of aryl halides with polyfluoroarenes that operates through a C–H activation strategy. The ready accessibility and ease of handling of the complex and the high yields of the reaction makes this palladacycle complex an attractive precatalyst for the cross‐coupling reaction of aryl halides with polyfluoroarenes.
Heteronuclear Spin Decoupling in Solid‐State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Overview and Outlook
Authors: Madhu P. K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHeteronuclear spin decoupling is a vital element in most of the solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance experiments for resolution and sensitivity reasons. The field has seen remarkable advancement in ideas, pulse schemes, and theoretical understanding. This review will take a look at a few such developments in the last two decades and the current perspectives. We expect and hope that the reader will get an overall idea of the decoupling field without getting into the rigour of the design and understanding of the pulse schemes.
The assessment of stat laboratory test ordering practice and impact of targeted individual feedback in an urban teaching hospital
Authors: Sorita Atsushi , Steinberg Daniel I. , Leitman Michael , Burger Alfred , Husk Gregg , Sivaprasad Latha 
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUNDOveruse of inpatient stat laboratory orders (“stat” is an abbreviation of the Latin word “statim,” meaning immediately, without delay) is a major problem in the modern healthcare system.OBJECTIVETo understand patterns of stat laboratory ordering practices at our institution and to assess the effectiveness of individual feedback in reducing these orders.INTERVENTIONMedicine and General Surgery residents were given a teaching session about appropriate stat ordering practice in January 2010. Individual feedback was given to providers who were the highest utilizers of stat laboratory orders by their direct supervisors from February through June of 2010.MEASUREMENTSThe proportion of stat orders out of total laboratory orders per provider was the main outcome measure. All inpatient laboratory orders from September 2009 to June 2010 were analyzed.RESULTSThe median proportion of stat orders out of total laboratory orders was 41.6% for nontrainee providers (N = 500), 38.7% for Medicine residents (N = 125), 80.2% for General Surgery residents (N = 32), and 24.2% for other trainee providers (N = 150). Among 27 providers who received feedback (7 nontrainees, 16 Medicine residents, and 4 General Surgery residents), the proportion of stat laboratory orders per provider decreased by 15.7% (95% confidence interval: 5.6%‐25.9%, P = 0.004) after feedback, whereas the decrease among providers who were high utilizers but did not receive feedback (N = 39) was not significant (4.5%; 95% confidence interval: 2.1%‐11.0%, P = 0.18). Monthly trends showed reduction in the proportion of stat orders among Medicine and General Surgery residents, but not among other trainee providers.CONCLUSIONSThe frequency of stat ordering was highly variable among providers. Individual feedback to the highest utilizers of stat orders was effective in decreasing these orders. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:13–18. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient value with prognostic parameters of endometrioid carcinoma
Authors: Inoue Chie , Fujii Shinya , Kaneda Sachi , Fukunaga Takeru , Kaminou Toshio , Kigawa Junzo , Harada Tasuku , Ogawa Toshihide 
Published: December 2013

PurposeTo correlate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of endometrioid carcinoma with histological tumor grade and degree of myometrial invasion.Materials and Methods3T diffusion‐weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) images of 63 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Two readers measured tumor ADC according to a freehand region of interest (ROI) and a round ROI. Mean and minimum ADCs were correlated with prognostic parameters.ResultsThe minimum ADC was 0.64 × 10−3mm2/s for grade 1 (G1, n = 42), 0.62 for grade 2 (G2, n = 14), 0.46 for grade 3 (G3, n = 7) on freehand ROI. There were significant differences between G1 and G3 (P = 0.007), and G2 and G3 (P = 0.038). No significant correlation was found between tumor grade and mean ADC (0.85 for G1, 0.82 for G2, and 0.72 for G3, P = 0.166). The minimum ADC was significantly lower for patients with deep (n = 21, 0.54) than for those with superficial (n = 39, 0.65) myometrial invasion. Conversely, mean ADC did not differ significantly (0.84 for superficial and 0.78 for deep myometrial invasion, P = 0.081). The same tendency was shown on round ROI.ConclusionThe minimum ADC correlates with prognostic parameters of endometrial carcinoma more strongly than mean ADC. Lower minimum ADC is associated with higher histological tumor grade and higher degree of myometrial invasion. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:213–219. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bio‐Based Aliphatic Polyurethanes Through ADMET Polymerization in Bulk and Green Solvent
Authors: Lebarbé Thomas , More Arvind Sudhakar , Sane Prakash Sudhir , Grau Etienne , Alfos Carine , Cramail Henri 
Published: December 2013

A new route to α,ω‐diene urethane monomer is proposed by converting 10‐undecenoic acid into the corresponding acyl azide, followed by urethanization with 10‐undecenol. ADMET polymerizations of this α,ω‐diene urethane monomer as well as other bio‐based α,ω‐dienes bearing various organic functions (ester, carbonate, ether, amide) were carried out in bulk and solution conditions. A screening of the most commonly used metathesis catalysts allows to evaluate their tolerance toward the urethane function as well as toward Polarclean, a “green” and nontoxic high boiling point solvent. The influence of the nature of the central organic function in these α,ω‐diene monomers on the thermomechanical properties is investigated.
image
Bioreducible Nanocapsules Prepared from the Self‐assembly of Branched Polymer in Nanodroplet
Authors: Wang Long‐Hai , Ding Sheng‐Gang , Yan Jun‐Jie , You Ye‐Zi 
Published: December 2013

Though great attention has been paid in constructing well‐defined nano‐structures via the self‐assembly of amphiphilic macromolecules, the self‐assembly of non‐amphiphilic macromolecules in nanodroplet has drawn less attention up to now. Recently, we prepared a temperature‐responsive PEG‐based branched polymer with disulfide bonds in its backbone via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of 2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate, oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, and N,N′‐cystamine bisacrylamide. Subsequently, we loaded the branched polymer into nanodroplets, and have found that the self‐assembly behaviors of this branched poly­mer in the nanodroplet are different from those in common solution. Bioreducible nanocapsules with tunable size can easily formed in nanodroplet even at high concentration.
image
Bio‐Inspired Dopamine Functionalization of Polypyrrole for Improved Adhesion and Conductivity
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yang Fut K. , Pan Zihe , Zhang Jian , Zhao Boxin 
Published: December 2013

We report the functionalization of polypyrrole (PPy) with a “sticky” biomolecule dopamine (DA), which mimics the essential component of mussel adhesive protein. PPy is one of the most promising electrically conductive polymers with good biocompatibility. The research findings reveal that the DA functionalization enhances the dispersibility and stability of PPy in water and its film adhesion to substrate surface significantly. The electrical conductivity of PPy increases to a maximum value and then decreases with the increasing DA concentration. An optimal DA to pyrrole (Py) mole ratio is found to be between 0.1 and 0.2, at which both conductivity and adhesion of DA‐functionalized PPy has been improved.
image
Precision Synthesis of Poly(Ionic Liquid)‐Based Block Copolymers by Cobalt‐Mediated Radical Polymerization and Preliminary Study of Their Self‐Assembling Properties
Authors: Coupillaud Paul , Fèvre Maréva , Wirotius Anne‐Laure , Aissou Karim , Fleury Guillaume , Debuigne Antoine , Detrembleur Christophe , Mecerreyes David , Vignolle Joan , Taton Daniel 
Published: December 2013

A poly(ionic liquid)‐based block copolymer (PIL BCP), namely, poly(vinyl acetate)‐b‐poly(N‐vinyl‐3‐butylimidazolium bromide), PVAc‐b‐PVBuImBr, is synthesized by sequential cobalt‐mediated radical polymerization (CMRP). A PVAc precursor is first prepared at 30 °C in bulk by CMRP of VAc, using bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt(II), Co(acac)2, and a radical source (V‐70). Growth of PVBuImBr from PVAc‐Co(acac)2 is accomplished by CMRP in DMF/MeOH (2:1, v/v). This PIL BCP self‐assembles in the sub‐micron size range into aggregated core–shell micelles in THF, whereas polymeric vesicles are observed in water, as evidenced by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thin‐solid sample cut from raw materials analyzed by TEM shows an ordered lamellar organization by temperature‐dependent synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Anion exchange can be accomplished to achieve the corresponding PIL BCP with bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide (Tf2N−) anions, which also gives rise to an ordered lamellar phase in bulk samples. A complete suppression of SAXS second‐order reflection suggests that this compound has a symmetric volume fraction (f ≈ 0.5). SAXS characterization of both di‐ and triblock PIL BCP analogues previously reported also shows a lamellar phase of very similar behavior, with only an increase of the period by about 8% at 60 °C.
image
Nitroxide‐Mediated Radical Ring‐Opening Copolymerization: Chain‐End Investigation and Block Copolymer Synthesis
Authors: Delplace Vianney , Harrisson Simon , Tardy Antoine , Gigmes Didier , Guillaneuf Yohann , Nicolas Julien 
Published: December 2013

Well‐defined, degradable copolymers are successfully prepared by nitroxide‐mediated radical ring opening polymerization (NMrROP) of oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) or methyl methacrylate (MMA), a small amount of acrylonitrile (AN) and cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) of different structures. Phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance allows in‐depth chain‐end characterization and gives crucial insights into the nature of the copoly­mer terminal sequences and the living chain fractions. By using a small library of P(OEGMA‐co‐AN‐co‐CKA) and P(MMA‐co‐AN‐co‐CKA) as macroinitiators, chain extensions with styrene are performed to furnish (amphiphilic) block copolymers comprising a degradable segment.
image
Kinase‐Kernel Models: Accurate Chemogenomic Method for the Entire Human Kinome
Authors: Tian Li , Mukherjee Prasenjit , Martin Eric 
Published: December 2013

AbstractChemogenomic kinase‐kernel virtual screening models interpolate between very accurate, empirically‐trained Profile‐QSAR models of the nearest binding‐site homologues with IC50 assay data. Between them, activity has been predicted for the entire human kinome.
Bird Remains from 5th – 17th Century AD Archaeological Sites in the Middle Volga Region of Russia
Authors: Galimova D. N. , Askeyev I. V. , Askeyev O. V. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis article presents research findings of bird remains from 22 archaeological sites of the 5th–17th centuries AD from the Middle Volga region of Russia. We identified 53 species: 50 wild species and three domestic. Remains of domestic chickens were most numerous. The predominance of bones of domestic birds and the variety of sizes at most archaeological sites of the 10th–17th centuries AD demonstrated that the people of the Middle Volga region had already developed domestic poultry keeping. Both domestic and wild birds were diverse and played an important role in the economy of the human populations in historic times in the Middle Volga region. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Diverse Origins of Bird Bones from Scottish Coastal Sites
Authors: Serjeantson D. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTBird bone assemblages from coastal sites in the north and west of Scotland are very diverse. Here, bird bones from 25 assemblages from 15 sites are compared. Many birds were caught for food, but there are also up to 50 incidental species, some of which are represented by one or two bones only. While the principal origin of the birds is seabird fowling, some were also obtained as a bycatch of fishing and others were collected casually. Some may have been collected accidentally with seaweed. Many are non‐anthropogenic, from raptor discards and bird pellets, but possibly also from other predators. These diverse origins of the bird bones have important implications for interpreting former avian distributions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.