bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Division of the Monochord’ and the science of harmonics in the Hellenistic era<p>‘Kanon’un Bölünümü’ yazması ve Helenistik dönemde müzikbilim
Authors: Baysal Ozan 
Published: April 2015

<p>This study will discuss the importance of the manuscript <em>Division of the Monochord</em> (<em>Sectio Canonis</em> in Latin, <em>Katotomes Kanonos </em>in Greek) in the history of Greek harmonic science. Estimated to be a work dating from the early years of the Hellenistic Era, <em>Division of the Monochord</em> remains to be the earliest full-text document that presents the Pythagorean approach to harmonics in a systematic framework. Starting with a discussion on the nature of sound which – as it states - is based on movement as well as the reasons of consonance and dissonance, the work continues relating the rules of concordance with arithmetic principles and re-examines these principles within a musical framework, ultimately leading to the final part which teaches to establish the Greater Perfect System on a monochord (<em>kanon</em>). <em>Kanon</em> which bears meanings as rule, rightness, truthful model and scale in ancient Greek, thus becomes a instrumental device in Pythagorean musical theory, reflecting the truth along with its visual and audible counterparts. Besides presenting a detailed examination of this manuscript, the aim of this study is to evaluate the text along with the historical, philosophical and scientific dimensions that surround it. Considered from this point, it will be revealed that <em>Division of the Monochord</em> is much more than a simple music theory manuscript for the Pythagoreans, but rather a “project of truth”.</p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmada <em>Kanon’un Bölünümü</em> yazmasının Antik Çağ müzik-teori tarihindeki önemi tartışılacaktır. Helenistik dönemin ilk yüzyılından kalma bir eser olduğu tahmin edilen<em> Kanon’un Bölünümü</em>, Pisagorcuların müzik teorisine yaklaşımlarının sistematik bir çerçevede ele alındığının tarihte tespit edilebildiği ilk tam metindir. Sesin doğası, sesler arası uyumluluğun nedenleri, bu nedenlerin aritmetik prensiplerle açıklanması ve daha sonra bu prensiplerin müzikal bağlamda tekrar ele alındığı <em>Kanon’un Bölünümü </em>yazması, son önermelerinde monokort (kanon) enstrümanı üzerinde iki oktavlık diyatonik sistemin kurulması ile sonlanır. Antik Yunan’da doğru bir model ve ölçek anlamında kullanılan <em>kanon </em>kelimesi, böylelikle Pisagorcu müzik kuramında da doğru’yu gösteren bir bilgi ve bu doğru bilginin görsel ve duyumsal yansımalarının deneyimlendiği bir ölçek enstrüman olacaktır. Çalışmanın amacı, bu yazmanın detaylı bir incelemesi olmanın yanı sıra, yazmanın Helenistik dönem müzik biliminde, onu çevreleyen tarihsel, felsefi ve bilimsel boyutları ile birlikte değerlendirilmesidir. Bu açılardan değerlendirildiğinde <em>Kanon’un Bölünümü</em>’nün Pisagorcular için basit bir müzik teorisi yazmasından çok bir “hakikat projesi” olduğu ortaya çıkacaktır. </p>
Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): limitations on the way to become diagnosis
Authors: Kotsopoulou Ioanna , Tsoplou Panagiota , Mavrommatis Konstantinos , Kroupis Christos 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
With the discovery of existing circulating cell-free fetal DNA (ccffDNA) in maternal plasma and the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, there is substantial hope that prenatal diagnosis will become a predominately non-invasive process in the future. At the moment, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is available for high-risk pregnancies with significant better sensitivity and specificity than the other existing non-invasive methods (biochemical and ultrasonographical). Mainly it is performed by NGS methods in a few commercial labs worldwide. However, it is expected that many other labs will offer analogous services in the future in this fast-growing field with a multiplicity of in-house methods (e.g., epigenetic, etc.). Due to various limitations of the available methods and technologies that are explained in detail in this manuscript, NIPT has not become diagnostic yet and women may still need to undergo risky invasive procedures to verify a positive finding or to secure (or even expand) a negative one. Efforts have already started to make the NIPT technologies more accurate (even at the level of a complete fetal genome) and cheaper and thus more affordable, in order to become diagnostic screening tests for all pregnancies in the near future.
The Influence of a Ventilation on the Level of Carbon Dioxide in a Classroom at a Higher University / Wpływ Wentylacji Na Poziom Ditlenku Węgla W Pomieszczeniu Uczelni Wyższej
Authors: Cichowicz Robert , Sabiniak Henryk , Wielgosińsk Grzegorz 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Carbon dioxide can affect on human mood and working conditions in closed area. Knowledge about the level of air pollutants concentration in the room, should be a guideline to design a properly working ventilation system. For years carbon dioxide, appearing during human breathing, was not taken into consideration as a factor determining the process of ventilation systems design. At present the assessment of air quality in closed rooms is performed on the basis of measurement of concentration of carbon dioxide metabolically produced by humans that can be referred to the so-called hygienic minimum, eg the upper limit of CO2 concentration equal to 1000 ppm (0.1%).
The Development of Freshwater Deltas and their Environmental and Economic Significance / Rozwój I Znaczenie Środowiskowo-Użytkowe Delt W Zbiornikach Śródlądowych
Authors: Rzętała Martyna A. , Jaguś Andrzej , Machowski Robert , Rzętała Mariusz 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The article presents the results of studies concerning the delta forms that arise as a result of the sedimentation of the debris fed to water bodies by watercourses. The study covered several dozen anthropogenic water bodies in the Upper Silesia region, which is well known for its high degree of urbanisation and industrialisation. Basic research work included morphometric measurements of deltas, analyses of the mechanical and chemical composition of delta sediments and analyses of the chemical composition of the common reed growing on the deltas. The research has demonstrated that the deltas exhibit certain characteristics typical of anthropogenic forms that result from the pollutants found in watercourses. In delta sediments, grains of sand usually dominate, but in many cases the share of the < 0.02 mm fraction is as high as ca. 30%. Sediments often contain fine coal and other organic pollutants, which is reflected by high weight loss on ignition. The content of trace elements in delta sediments is usually many times higher than the geochemical background for all types of sedimentary rocks. Deltas are an environment where pollutants accumulate and some of them are assimilated by plants. The content of macro elements in common reed tissues from different deltas does not vary widely while the content of trace elements often results from their content in the sediments. The material that forms deltas can be extracted and in some cases even used as fuel
Abel transforms of convolution operators
Authors: Atlıhan Özlem Girgin , Ünver Mehmet 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The classical Korovkin approximation theory deals with the convergence of a given sequence

{

L
n

}

${\lbrace L_{n}\rbrace }$

of positive linear operators on
C[a,b]. When the sequence of positive linear operators does not converge to
the identity operator it may be useful to use some
summability methods. In this paper, we study some Korovkin type approximation
theorems for the sequences of convolution operators via the Abel method, which is a
sequence-to-function transformation. We also deal with the rate of Abel convergence.
Modeling of Water Flows around a Circular Cylinder with the SPH Method
Authors: Szmidt Kazimierz , Hedzielski Benedykt 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper describes the SPH modeling of a plane problem of fluid flow around a rigid circular cylinder. In the model considered, the cylinder is placed in a rectangular fluid domain at a certain distance from a horizontal plane boundary, and it is subjected to fluid flow forces. The fluid motion is induced by a piston type generator. The generator - fluid system starts to move from rest at a certain moment of time. The work aims at a discrete description of the fluid flow around the cylinder and, at the same time, calculation of the pressure distribution along the circumference of the cylinder and the resultant of the pressure on the cylinder. In order to solve the initial value problem considered, a new SPH formulation of boundary conditions on the cylinder surface is proposed which match the physical condition for the fluid velocity at this boundary. For a viscous fluid, an approximate description of the stress tensor is formulated which allows to reduce the differentiation of field functions to the first order in calculating the shear forces in the SPH approach.
Philometroides khalili n. sp., a new philometrid nematode (Philometridae) from the operculum of the cyprinid fish Labeo rosae in Zimbabwe
Authors: Moravec F. , Halajian A. , Tavakol S. , Nyagura I. , Luus-Powell W. J. 
Published: April 2015

Summary
A new nematode species, Philometroides khalili n. sp. (Philometridae), is described from female specimens recovered from the operculum of the freshwater cyprinid fish Labeo rosae Steindachner (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes) caught in the Bubi River, Zimbabwe. Based on light and scanning electron microscopical examination, the new species mainly differs from the only other African congeneric species P. africanus Moravec et Van As, 2001 in the body shape (filiform), length of gravid female (56 - 71 mm), in possessing a large oesophageal gland with a conspicuously large cell nucleus and in the shape (transversely oval), size (up to 33 - 36 μm high) and distribution of cuticular bosses. From other congeners it differs by a combination of morphological and biometrical features
Clinical and etiological study of a small familiar outbreak of trichinellosis in Tibet, China
Authors: Wang Z. Q. , Ciren  , Ren H. J. , Li L. Z. , Cui J. 
Published: April 2015

Summary
The diagnosis of trichinellosis is rather difficult because fever, myalgia and eosinophilia are nonspecific, and diagnosis may be delayed. We describe a small familiar outbreak of trichinellosis occurred in early 2009 in Tibet, southwestern China, due to consumption of raw pork. The patients with trichinellosis were diagnosed by muscle biopsy and serological tests (ELISA and IFA) early at 12 days after onset of disease. Both of the pre-encapsulated and encapsulated Trichinella larvae collected from biopsy muscles and residual pork were identified as Trichinella spiralis by multiplex PCR. This is the first species identification of Trichinella isolates from the biopsy muscles of patients with trichinellosis in China.
Helminth fauna and zoonotic potential of the European hamster Cricetus cricetus Linnaeus, 1758 in agrobiocoenoses from Vojvodina province (Serbia)
Authors: Bjelić-Čabrilo O. , Novakov N. , Ćirković M. , Čabrilo B. , Popović E. , Lujić J. 
Published: April 2015

Summary
A total of 359 European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus) captured at four localities in Vojvodina Province were examined for the presence of helminths. The majority of the captured animals (88 %) were infected with nematode species Heligmosomoides travassosi and six species of cestodes (Hymenolepis diminuta, Rodentolepis fraterna, R. straminea, Paranoplocephala omphalodes and Mesocestoides sp. - in larval stages). Nematodes were the dominant group. The dominant cestode species was H. diminuta. All of the tapeworm species reported here represent new findings for the European hamster in Serbia. The tapeworms H. diminuta and Mesocestoides sp. are capable of infecting humans and causing pathological symptoms, making the hamster a carrier of zoonoses and a potential threat to public health. In order to uncover the full range of helminths utilizing the European hamster as a host in Serbia and understanding the scope of its zoonotic potential, further research on the subject must be carried out.
Three new host species of Plagiorchis micracanthos (Macy, 1931) (Trematodes: Plagorchiidae) among North American bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Authors: Heddergott M. , Steinbach P. 
Published: April 2015

Summary
We report new records of the trematode, Plagiorchis micracanthos from three North American bats. For the first time, the parasite is reported to occur in the hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), California myotis (Myotis californicus) and the pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus). The western small-footed bat (Myotis ciliolabrum), little brown bat (M. lucifugus) and the western pipistrelle (Parastellus hesperus) are confirmed as host species. The trematodes were isolated from the small intestines of the host individuals. For the first time, we identified P. micracanthos in bats originating from Canada and Mexico. The results presented here suggest that the trematode P. micracanthos has a much larger host range and geographic distribution than previously recognised. It is likely that further studies will confirm this results and extent both host and geographic ranges even further.
If I Had Have Been… On the Web
Authors: Cehan Nadina , Cehan Anca 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper looks at the nonstandard, so called ‘plupluperfect’, construction If [Subject] had have [past particple]. Based on inquiries in WebCorp and the BNC and COCA, the paper shows the relative incidence of this construction in the available corpora. The investigation concludes that the construction is more likely to be found in Internet texts and communications. This prompts a brief discussion on the general nature of Internet language and its main characteristics. Moreover, taking into consideration the morpho-syntactic make-up of the construction, certain theories about its occurrence are presented. It is also noted that the construction is by no means new, having been attested centuries ago. Thus, the paper tries to tie in history with present-day trends in language and linguistics.
Heart of Darkness – Heart of Redness: Heartache and Pain in two Commonwealth Novels
Authors: Ştefan Ana-Maria 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Our study is conceived as a comparative analysis of Zakes Mda’s postcolonial and postmodern novel The Heart of Redness and Joseph Conrad’s canonical and colonial novella Heart of Darkness, from the viewpoint of a literarily encoded anthropology of the body. In both texts, body marks and body pain are prominent and recurrent motives, carrying along important cultural meanings, related to several classic themes of colonial and postcolonial literature: the birth and becoming of cultural identity and awareness, culture shock, cultural contacts, enculturation versus deculturation, and cultural memory, as a vehicle and repository of myths, history and (body) image stereotypes.
The Lecturer Coach
Authors: Catteeuw Paul 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Teaching has experienced dramatic changes in the last few decades. From ex cathedra lectures to the use of social media in a classroom is a giant leap for both lecturer and students. Paul Catteeuw, lecturer of intercultural communication at Charlemagne University College in Antwerp (Belgium), has explored the boundaries of the newest methods in competence teaching, but did not forget the knowledge component of the tuition process. As he developed a framework of intercultural competence for business students, he rethought his role as a lecturer. He moved from the central omniscient rostrum position to a place at the side of the classroom as a facilitator, coaching students in a new creative learning environment making use of activating learning forms such as zoom sessions, teamwork and many others. At the same time he introduced different forms of assessment. In this article Catteeuw describes the intensive, sometimes laborious process of the lecturer coach.
English Language Teacher Education: Notes on The Past And Future
Authors: Cook Guy 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The first part of this paper considers approaches to teacher education for EFL developed during the 1960s-1990s, drawing upon two sources: the taxonomy of three approaches proposed by Wallace (1991) and personal reminiscence. It discusses each of Wallace's approaches in turn: craft, 'applied science', and reflective practice.The second part considers whether these approaches are adequate models for teacher education now. I suggest that while they are still relevant, they are also too inward looking for contemporary needs.They need to be supplemented with a more outward looking approach, in which teachers are prepared to engage with four aspects of the contemporary context: new communication technologies, the new global linguistic landscape, the relationship between English and learners' own languages, and the rival political views of English language learning as promoting either a global neoliberal agenda or a global civil society.
The Circulation of Shakespeare Adaptations in Eastern Europe
Authors: Nicolaescu Mădălina 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper discusses the stage adaptations of Shakespeare's Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet that were circulated in the German Länders and the Habsburg Empire in the late 18th and early 19th century. The various forms of re-writing Shakespeare are linked with processes re-contextualizing the text and are discussed as forms of localizing a transnational Shakespeare. The analysis zooms in on the contexts of performance of the German adaptations in two Transylvanian cities. The paper highlights the cultural and linguistic negotiations performed when further translating the already multilayered rewritings of the Shakespearean text and focuses on a Romanian translation of a German adaptation of Hamlet.
Lagrangian simulation and analysis of the power-law fluid mixing in the two-blade circular mixers using a modified WCSPH method
Authors: Shamsoddini Rahim , Sefid Mohammad 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In the present study, we introduce a robust modified Weakly Compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (WCSPH) method in order to examine miscible mixing within a two-blade paddle mixer. Since it has a Lagrangian nature and it is based on particles, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is an appropriate and convenient method for simulating the moving boundary problems and tracking the particles in the mixing process. The present study thus introduces a convenient SPH method for modelling the mixing process for the power-law fluids. Two geometries for the mixer are examined and the effects of the power-law index on the fluid mixing are investigated. The results show that the geometric change from circular chamber to twin chamber considerably increases the mixing rate (by at least 49%). The results also indicate that the twin chamber mixer is more efficient for the fluids with higher power-law index.
Contestable motives of reporting sexual assault based on research conducted in the region of Silesia
Authors: Lach Bogdan 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Contestable motives of filing reports comprise a set of factors which were not present in the origin of the reported criminal act, as stated by the reporting individual. The objective of such reports is to create circumstances which would lead to the either an imaginary or implicated perpetrator being brought to criminal justice. These types of reports generate a number of doubts and investigative problems. Recently, in the light of newly introduced legislative changes into the methods of investigative procedures in relation to sexual assault (at present these are investigated as an indictable offence - prosecuted ex-officio), this issue has become much more significant. The following publication includes a detailed description of the legal and psychological situation of an individual who has been classified as a victim in a case of sexual assault. The article includes an analysis of statistical data encompassing the period after the introduction of the aforementioned legislative changes in the type of investigative procedures as well as a qualitative analysis of the major factors influencing the process of filing contestable reports of such crimes. The research has been conducted on the basis of analysing a total of 50 cases. It is the opinion of the author that an expert court psychologist, whose presence is mandatory in these types of cases and whose opinion formulated in the course of preparatory proceedings ought to play a key role in the disclosure of false pretences accompanying such reports
Context-dependent effect of mood: the regulatory role of personality
Authors: Zajusz-Gawędzka Dominika , Marszał-Wiśniewska Magdalena 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This study explored the influence of the context-dependent effect of mood as well as individual differences in neuroticism and action vs. state/volatility orientation on predecisional processing in a multiattribute choice task. One hundred and twenty participants acquired information about choice options after filling out personality questionnaires. Results showed that participants in a positive mood processed the information longer in enjoy than in done-enough context. In turn, participants in a negative mood processed the information more selectively in enjoy than in done-enough context. It also appeared that this effect is reinforced for participants with low neuroticism and volatility orientation, while it is weakened for those with low neuroticism and action orientation. Results were interpreted in accordance with the differential-processual approach.
QuEst for High Quality Machine Translation
Authors: Biçici Ergun , Specia Lucia 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In this paper we describe the use of QuEst, a framework that aims to obtain predictions on the quality of translations, to improve the performance of machine translation (MT) systems without changing their internal functioning. We apply QuEst to experiments with:
i. multiple system translation ranking, where translations produced by different MT systems are ranked according to their estimated quality, leading to gains of up to 2:72 BLEU, 3:66 BLEUs, and 2:17 F1 points;
ii. n-best list re-ranking, where n-best list translations produced by an MT system are reranked based on predicted quality scores to get the best translation ranked top, which lead to improvements on sentence NIST score by 0:41 points;
iii. n-best list combination, where segments from an n-best list are combined using a latticebased re-scoring approach that minimize word error, obtaining gains of 0:28 BLEU points; and
iv. the ITERPE strategy, which attempts to identify translation errors regardless of prediction errors (ITERPE) and build sentence-specific SMT systems (SSSS) on the ITERPE sorted instances identified as having more potential for improvement, achieving gains of up to 1:43 BLEU, 0:54 F1, 2:9 NIST, 0:64 sentence BLEU, and 4:7 sentence NIST points in English to German over the top 100 ITERPE sorted instances.
Exact Expected Average Precision of the Random Baseline for System Evaluation
Authors: Bestgen Yves 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Average precision (AP) is one of the most widely used metrics in information retrieval and natural language processing research. It is usually thought that the expected AP of a system that ranks documents randomly is equal to the proportion of relevant documents in the collection. This paper shows that this value is only approximate, and provides a procedure for efficiently computing the exact value. An analysis of the difference between the approximate and the exact value shows that the discrepancy is large when the collection contains few documents, but becomes very small when it contains at least 600 documents.