bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paleoradiological and scientific investigations of the screaming woman mummy from the area beneath Senmut’s (1479–1458 BC) Theban tomb (TT71)
Authors: Saleem Sahar N. , El-Merghani Samia 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe Screaming Mummy of Cairo Egyptian-Museum Store, is an anonymous woman with a wide-open mouth coded as CIT8, discovered beneath Theban Tomb 71 (TT71) which is the burial site of Senmut’s relatives, the architect of 18th-Dynasty Queen Hatschepsut (1479–1458 BC). The study aims to evaluate if combining computed tomography (CT) with scientific investigations and archeological data of the Screaming Mummy CIT8 will reveal information about its physical appearance, health, cause of death, and mummification.MethodsWe CT-scanned the mummy and created reconstructed images. Scanning-Electron-Microscope (SEM), Fourier-Transform-Infrared-Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray-Diffraction-Analysis (XRD) were used to investigate mummy skin, hair, and wig samples. We compared our findings to previous data.ResultsComputed tomography estimated the age of death to be 48.1 years ±14.6 based on the pubic symphyseal surface. CT detected mild-to-moderate teeth attrition, and joints degeneration. The desiccated brain and viscera remained in situ. FTIR revealed the wig is formed of midrib date palm that shows in CT as spiral low density fibers. The wig fibers are partially coated with a thick substance that is inspected as black consolidation and identified as crystalline by XRD, comparable to material found in an ancient wig-making workshop. FTIR showed that the skin, hair, and wig samples were treated with imported juniper resin had anti-bacterial and insecticidal properties. The skin and wig samples contained frankincense, and the hair sample contained henna.DiscussionCombining the advantages of paleoradiology to the scientific investigations, provided enhanced comprehension of the mummy CIT8 and ancient Egyptian wig structure and material. CT scanning non-invasively showed the mummy’s inner and exterior morphology, and estimated the age of death as 48 years. CT evaluated the mummification technique based on retained viscera and absence of embalming packs. The scientific tests revealed expensive imported embalming materials, contradicting the traditional belief that the non-removal of the viscera implied poor mummification, resulting in careless embalmers sealing the mouth. The widely opened mouth could be a result of facial expression of suffering before death, fixed by cadaveric spasm. The study also explores how rigor mortis, tissue decomposition, burial techniques, and postmortem alterations may contribute to a mummy’s screaming appearance.
Targeting gut-microbiota for gastric cancer treatment: a systematic review
Authors: Marashi Amir , Hasany Saina , Moghimi Sadra , Kiani Reza , Mehran Asl Sina , Dareghlou Yasamin Alavi , Lorestani Parsa , Varmazyar Shirin , Jafari Fatemeh , Ataeian Shakiba , Naghavi Kiana , Sajjadi Seyed Mohammad , Haratian Negar , Alinezhad Arman , Azhdarimoghaddam Aida , Sadat Rafiei Seyed Kiarash , Anar Mahsa Asadi 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundPreclinical research has identified the mechanisms via which bacteria influence cancer treatment outcomes. Clinical studies have demonstrated the potential to modify the microbiome in cancer treatment. Herein, we systematically analyze how gut microorganisms interact with chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, specifically focusing on how gut bacteria affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cancer treatment.MethodThis study searched Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed until August 2023. Studies were screened by their title and abstract using the Rayyan intelligent tool for systematic reviews. Quality assessment of studies was done using the JBI critical appraisal tool.ResultAlterations in the gut microbiome are associated with gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. These alterations include reduced microbial alpha diversity, increased bacterial overgrowth, and decreased richness and evenness of gastric bacteria. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with reduced richness and evenness of gastric bacteria, while eradication only partially restores microbial diversity. The gut microbiome also affects the response to cancer treatments, with higher abundances of Lactobacillus associated with better response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and more prolonged progression-free survival. Antibiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis can reduce the anti-tumor efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil treatment, while probiotics did not significantly enhance it. A probiotic combination containing Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cereus can reduce inflammation, enhance immunity, and restore a healthier gut microbial balance in gastric cancer patients after partial gastrectomy.ConclusionProbiotics and targeted interventions to modulate the gut microbiome have shown promising results in cancer prevention and treatment efficacy.Systematic review registration:https://osf.io/6vcjp.
Multiparametric MRI radiomics for predicting disease-free survival and high-risk histopathological features for tumor recurrence in endometrial cancer
Authors: Renton Mary , Fakhriyehasl Mina , Weiss Jessica , Milosevic Michael , Laframboise Stephane , Rouzbahman Marjan , Han Kathy , Jhaveri Kartik 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundCurrent preoperative imaging is insufficient to predict survival and tumor recurrence in endometrial cancer (EC), necessitating invasive procedures for risk stratification.PurposeTo establish a multiparametric MRI radiomics model for predicting disease-free survival (DFS) and high-risk histopathologic features in EC.MethodsThis retrospective study included 71 patients with histopathology-proven EC and preoperative MRI over a 10-year period. Clinicopathology data were extracted from health records. Manual MRI segmentation was performed on T2-weighted (T2W), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps and dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images (DCE T1WI). Radiomic feature (RF) extraction was performed with PyRadiomics. Associations between RF and histopathologic features were assessed using logistic regression. Associations between DFS and RF or clinicopathologic features were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model. All RF with univariate analysis p-value &lt; 0.2 were included in elastic net analysis to build radiomic signatures.ResultsThe 3-year DFS rate was 68% (95% CI = 57%-80%). There were no significant clinicopathologic predictors for DFS, whilst the radiomics signature was a strong predictor of DFS (p&lt;0.001, HR 3.62, 95% CI 1.94, 6.75). From 107 RF extracted, significant predictive elastic net radiomic signatures were established for deep myometrial invasion (p=0.0097, OR 4.81, 95% CI 1.46, 15.79), hysterectomy grade (p=0.002, OR 5.12, 95% CI 1.82, 14.45), hysterectomy histology (p=0.0061, OR 18.25, 95% CI 2.29,145.24) and lymphovascular space invasion (p&lt;0.001, OR 5.45, 95% CI 2.07, 14.36).ConclusionMultiparametric MRI radiomics has the potential to create a non-invasive a priori approach to predicting DFS and high-risk histopathologic features in EC.
Role of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors after brain progression in platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lendinez-Sanchez Gonzalo , Diaz-Redondo Tamara , Iglesias-Campos Marcos , Garrido-Almazán Lucía , Alba-Conejo Emilio , Rueda-Dominguez Antonio , Sanchez-Muñoz Alfonso 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe incidence of brain metastases in ovarian cancer is quite rare, being approximately 1%–2%. According to retrospective studies, patients with BRCA 1/2 mutations present a higher risk. The trimodal approach based on surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy presents better outcomes, but the prognosis remains poor with overall survival since the brain progression is around 1 year. Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have provided a new alternative for the management of advanced ovarian cancer. The SOLO2, NOVA, and ARIEL3 clinical trials do not refer data on patients with brain metastases, and the published evidence for PARPi in this setting comes only from case reports and retrospective studies.Case reportWe present the case of a 54-year-old woman with stage IV ovarian high-grade serous papillary carcinoma who, after 37 months of treatment with olaparib, presented a single brain lesion. After radical treatment with surgery and adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy, she resumed olaparib with no evidence of disease during 15 months. After a second single brain relapse treated with stereotactic radiosurgery, the patient continued olaparib beyond the brain progression with no evidence of extracranial disease. Despite that there were no changes in size or number of brain lesions, the neurological situation progressively worsened and the patient died 8 months after the second progression.DiscussionThe higher incidence of brain metastases of ovarian cancer points out a possible tropism for the CNS in BRCA-mutated patients. In preclinical studies, PARPi has shown to cross the blood–brain barrier, with possible antitumor activity in the central nervous system (CNS) while maintaining control of extracranial disease. The best survival data are obtained with a trimodal approach, and adding a PARPi could improve the survival outcomes in the context of platinum-sensitivity disease. Targeted therapies combined with local treatments are also used in other malignancies, suggesting potential effectiveness due to tumor heterogeneity. PARPi before brain metastasis may delay its diagnosis, and using iPARP after brain metastases could improve the outcome of this population.ConclusionThe role that PARPi may have in the treatment of brain metastases of ovarian cancer requires more studies. In the context of radical treatment of brain metastasis (surgery and/or RT), with no evidence of extracranial disease, maintaining treatment with PARPi beyond the brain progression should be considered.
Natural herbal extract roles and mechanisms in treating cerebral ischemia: A systematic review
Authors: Yang Jiashuo , Yu Bo , Zheng Jian 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundStroke has been the focus of medical research due to its serious consequences and sequelae. Among the tens of millions of new stroke patients every year, cerebral ischemia patients account for the vast majority. While cerebral ischemia drug research and development is still ongoing, most drugs are terminated at preclinical stages due to their unacceptable toxic side effects. In recent years, natural herbs have received considerable attention in the pharmaceutical research and development field due to their low toxicity levels. Numerous studies have shown that natural herbs exert actions that cannot be ignored when treating cerebral ischemia.MethodsWe reviewed and summarized the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of different natural herbal extracts on cerebral ischemia to promote their application in this field. We used keywords such as “natural herbal extract,” “herbal medicine,” “Chinese herbal medicine” and “cerebral ischemia” to comprehensively search PubMed, ScienceDirect, ScienceNet, CNKI, and Wanfang databases, after which we conducted a detailed screening and review strategy.ResultsWe included 120 high-quality studies up to 10 January 2024. Natural herbal extracts had significant roles in cerebral ischemia treatments via several molecular mechanisms, such as improving regional blood flow disorders, protecting the blood-brain barrier, and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.ConclusionNatural herbal extracts are represented by low toxicity and high curative effects, and will become indispensable therapeutic options in the cerebral ischemia treatment field.
Influence of protocol variables on outcomes of the star excursion balance test group (SEBT, mSEBT, YBT-LQ) in healthy individuals: a systematic review
Authors: Zając Bartosz , Olszewski Maciej , Mika Anna 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe “SEBT group,” which includes the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), its modified version (mSEBT), and the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ), is used to assess the limits of stability. Interestingly, the testing protocol allows users a considerable degree of flexibility, which can affect the obtained results. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to analyze the impact of different protocol variants within the “SEBT group” on outcomes.MethodsData were acquired by searching 4 databases (MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Springer Link) focusing on studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals, empirical in nature, conducted on healthy individuals, and examining the effects of various protocol variants on test outcomes. Study quality was assessed with the NHLBI quality assessment tool for pre-post studies with no control group.ResultsThe calculation method based on the maximum repetition yields statistically significantly higher results compared to other calculation methods. Allowing unrestricted arm movements during the test results in statistically significantly higher scores compared to the procedure that restricts arm movements. The impact of a warm-up, wearing footwear during testing, and using a dedicated kit remains ambiguous. To obtain reliable results, 4–6 familiarization trials are necessary, though fewer may suffice for athletes experienced in performing the test.ConclusionThis systematic review highlights the significant impact of the calculation method and arm movement restrictions on the outcomes of the “SEBT group.” The effects of wearing footwear during testing, warm-up, and using a dedicated test kit remain unclear. The required number of familiarization repetitions may varies depending on biological maturity level of the person being tested. Future research should develop a warm-up protocol tailored to the needs of the “SEBT group,” and investigate the impact of heel elevation during testing on outcomes.Systematic review registrationThe protocol for this systematic review was prospectively registered in the OSF Registries (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JSKH2).
Different effects of visual occlusion on interpersonal coordination of head and body movements during dyadic conversations
Authors: Kodama Kentaro , Shimizu Daichi , Fujiwara Ken 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionIn recent decades, interpersonal coordination and synchrony have been extensively examined in the field of psychology and cognitive science. Studies suggest that perceptual information enables interpersonal coordination and that perceptual noise may even enhance coordination. However, how these perceptual factors influence interpersonal coordination dynamics between head and body movements remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of visual information on the interpersonal coordination of head and body movements during dyadic conversations.MethodsThe availability of visual information was manipulated by positioning a partition halfway between a pair of participants, and the conversations were recorded using a video camera. A video-based human pose estimation software (OpenPose) was used to quantify each interlocutor’s head and body movements, which were submitted for cross-recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA), to assess the degree of coordination between the interlocutors.ResultsThe results showed different effects between head- and body-movement coordination (i.e., a CRQA measure, maximum line length). The occlusion of visual information increased head-movement coordination, whereas it decreased body-movement coordination.DiscussionThe results suggest that a distinct mechanism may be present at the head- and body-movement coordination level and this study observed differing appearances of compensatory behaviors. Further studies should be conducted to investigate the complex relationships between interpersonal coordination dynamics and various kinds of communication constraints, such as long-term or short-term, and lower-order (perceptual-motor) or higher-order (cognitive-social) level constraints.
Scrolling for fun or to cope? Associations between social media motives and social media disorder symptoms in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Thorell Lisa B. , Autenrieth Milena , Riccardi Alice , Burén Jonas , Nutley Sissela B. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAlthough not yet recognized as an official disorder, Social Media Disorder (SMD) has recently received considerable interest in the research. However, relatively little is known about underlying motives for social media use and to what extent motives show differential associations with SMD symptom severity and SMD diagnosis. The overall aim of the present study was therefore to examine motives for social media use in relation to (1) which motives are most common, (2) associations between motives and both SMD symptom severity and SMD diagnosis, and (3) the effects of sex and age.MethodsData were collected through a digital survey (n = 1820) and included both high school students (n = 924) and university students (n = 896). Six different motives were assessed, and SMD was measured in relation to both Heavy Involvement and Negative Consequences of social media use.ResultsThe results showed that the most common social media use motives were Entertainment, Social Maintenance, and Information and Skills. However, it was the three least common motives – Social Compensation, Self-status, and Escape – that were most strongly associated with SMD symptom severity and SMD diagnosis. These three motives explained as much as 42% of the variance in negative consequences of social media use. Only a few small effects of sex or age were found.DiscussionSome social media use motives are much more strongly associated with SMD than others are. This could indicate that prevention and intervention programs should target these motives specifically, rather than focusing on social media use in general.
Development of a structured interview for the modified version of the Beth Israel Hospital psychosomatic questionnaire for alexithymia
Authors: Komaki Gen , Baba Takanobu , Yoshida Toshiyuki , Arimura Tatsuyuki , Moriguchi Yoshiya , Maeda Motonari 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundAn observer-rated questionnaire for alexithymia based on the original 17-item Beth Israel Hospital Psychosomatic Questionnaire for Alexithymia (BIQ) was developed by Sifneos in 1973 and modified into a 12-item version of BIQ by Taylor et al. in 1997. However, it has rarely been used in a clinical or research context and studies have not given satisfactory inter-rater reliability for the 12-item version.ObjectiveTo develop a structured interview in Japanese for the12-item modified version of BIQ (m-SIBIQ) to determine the reliability and validity of the m- scores and its factor structure model.MethodsNinety-two Japanese young adults were interviewed. The inter-rater reliability of the m-SIBIQ was assessed by exploratory factor analysis. For the concurrent and convergent validities, correlation analysis was done between the scores of m-SIBIQ and the self-reported questionnaires: 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Emotional Empathy Scale (EES), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Goodness of fit of the structure model of the m-SIBIQ was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis, and the results were examined through stepwise multiple regression analysis.ResultsGood reliability was obtained for the total score of m-SIBIQ: Cronbach’s α.950 (p&lt;.001) and ICC.75(p&lt;.05). The validity of the factor structure was obtained by confirmatory factor analysis using covariance. The model of the alexithymia constructs was configured by the operative thinking (la pensée opératoire) and affect awareness components. The stepwise multiple regression analysis extracted the total score of m-SIBIQ as significantly, negatively correlated with the Openness to experience score of NEO-FFI and significantly, positively correlated with the emotionally chilly score of EES and the score of difficulty describing feelings (DDF) of TAS-20. There were no correlations between the m-SIBIQ and BDI-II scores.ConclusionFor Japanese young adults, the m-SIBIQ is a reliable and valid instrument for overcoming weaknesses of the self-reported procedures by bringing to light the alexithymia construct and principal dimensions.
The adult ADHD assessment quality assurance standard
Authors: Adamou Marios , Arif Muhammad , Asherson Philip , Cubbin Sally , Leaver Laurence , Sedgwick-Müller Jane , Müller-Sedgwick Ulrich , van Rensburg Kobus , Kustow James 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) frequently persists into adulthood. There are practice guidelines that outline the requirements for the assessment and treatment of adults. Nevertheless, guidelines specifying what constitutes a good quality diagnostic assessment and report and the competencies required to be a specialist assessor are lacking. This can lead to variation in the quality and reliability of adult ADHD assessments. Poor quality assessments may not be accepted as valid indicators of the presence of ADHD by other clinicians or services, resulting in wasteful re-assessments and delays in providing treatment. To address this issue the UK Adult ADHD Network (UKAAN) proposes a quality framework for adult ADHD assessments - the Adult ADHD Assessment Quality Assurance Standard (AQAS).MethodsThe co-authors agreed on five questions or themes that then guided the development of a set of consensus statements. An initial draft was reviewed and amended in an iterative process to reach a final consensus.ResultsWhat constitutes a high-quality diagnostic assessment and report was agreed by consensus of the co-authors. The resulting guideline emphasises the need to evaluate impairment, describes core competencies required by the assessor and highlights the importance of linking the diagnosis to an appropriate post-diagnostic discussion. Assessments should be completed in the context of a full psychiatric and neurodevelopmental review, and need good interview skills, using a semi-structured interview with open questioning and probing to elicit real life examples of symptoms and impairments. It is recommended that 2 hours or more is required for an adequate assessment including both the diagnostic assessment and initial post-assessment discussions.ConclusionThe AQAS has been developed as a practical resource to support reliable and valid diagnostic assessments of adult ADHD. It is intended to complement formal training. A secondary objective is to empower patients by providing them with evidence-based information on what to expect from an assessment and assessment report.