bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased polycystin 2 expression alters calcium-contraction coupling and changes β-adrenergic signaling pathways
Authors: Kuo Ivana Y. , Kwaczala Andrea T. , Nguyen Lily , Russell Kerry S. , Campbell Stuart G. , Ehrlich Barbara E. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
The main cause of death in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients is cardiac-related. However, the reasons why remain unclear. We show that mice lacking one copy of polycystin 2, a protein mutated in ADPKD, have altered calcium signaling and desensitized calcium-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes. We also show that decreased polycystin 2 levels affect cardiac function by altering responses to adrenergic stimulus. We propose that altering polycystin levels in the heart directly contributes to remodeling of the heart in patients with ADPKD in the absence of renal failure or high blood pressure.
Rapid changes in the gut microbiome during human evolution
Authors: Moeller Andrew H. , Li Yingying , Mpoudi Ngole Eitel , Ahuka-Mundeke Steve , Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. , Pusey Anne E. , Peeters Martine , Hahn Beatrice H. , Ochman Howard 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Human lifestyles profoundly influence the communities of microorganisms that inhabit the body, that is, the microbiome; however, how the microbiomes of humans have diverged from those found within wild-living hominids is not clear. To establish how the gut microbiome has changed since the diversification of human and ape species, we characterized the microbial assemblages residing within hundreds of wild chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas. Changes in the composition of the microbiome accrued steadily as African apes diversified, but human microbiomes have diverged at an accelerated pace owing to a dramatic loss of ancestral microbial diversity. These results suggest that the human microbiome has undergone a substantial transformation since the human–chimpanzee split.
A major nursery area around the Svalbard archipelago provides recruits for the stocks in both Greenland halibut management areas in the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Albert Ole Thomas , Vollen Tone 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Greenland halibut in the Northeast Atlantic currently have two separate management units: the Northeast Arctic (NEA) stock and the West Nordic (WN) stock. The biological basis for this separation is weak, and while the NEA stock has a well-described nursery area in the waters around the Svalbard archipelago, no such major nursery area is known for the WN stock. To examine the linkages between these two stocks, a tagging experiment was conducted in the Svalbard nursery area, which is the only known large nursery area for Greenland halibut in the Northeast Atlantic. A total of 25 149 juvenile Greenland halibut were tagged and released in the period 2005–2008, and as of January 2014, there were 155 recaptures: 92% were caught more than 170 km from the tagging site, while 59% had travelled more than 1500 km. During the first 2 years after tagging, recaptures were reported only from the fishing grounds in the NEA management area. Subsequently, the number of recaptures decreased in the NEA management area, while recaptures were beginning to be reported from the WN management area, which by 2014 accounted for 61% of the total number of reported recaptures. It was concluded that the stocks in the two management areas for Greenland halibut in the Northeast Atlantic have a common nursery ground, and that a recruitment index based on data from the nursery around Svalbard would reflect possible recruitment to the stocks of both management units. The lack of recaptures on the Southeast Greenland shelf suggests a stock boundary west of Iceland. It is suggested to further explore the stock delineation in these areas and that future stock assessments should explore the potential advantage of using a combined assessment model for the two current management units.
Recent multi-kiloton impact events: are they truly random?
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos C. , de la Fuente Marcos R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
It is customarily assumed that Earth-striking meteoroids are completely random, and that all the impacts must be interpreted as uncorrelated events distributed according to Poisson statistics. If this is correct, their impact dates must be uniformly spread throughout the year and their impact coordinates must be evenly scattered on the surface of our planet. Here, we use a time- and yield-limited sample of Earth-impacting superbolides detected since 2000 to explore statistically this critical though frequently overlooked topic. We show that the cadence of these multi-kiloton impact events is incompatible with a random fall pattern at the 0.05 significance level or better. This result is statistically robust and consistent with the observed distribution of the longitudes of the ascending nodes of near-Earth objects (NEOs). This lack of randomness is induced by planetary perturbations, in particular Jupiter's, and suggests that some of the recent, most powerful Earth impacts may be associated with resonant groups of NEOs and/or very young meteoroid streams. An intriguing consequence of this scenario is that the impact hazard of Chelyabinsk-like objects should peak at certain times in the year.
Improving Public Reporting and Data Validation for Complex Surgical Site Infections After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery and Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Calderwood Michael S. , Kleinman Ken , Murphy Michael V. , Platt Richard , Huang Susan S. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background.  Deep and organ/space surgical site infections (D/OS SSI) cause significant morbidity, mortality, and costs. Rates are publicly reported and increasingly used as quality metrics affecting hospital payment. Lack of standardized surveillance methods threaten the accuracy of reported data and decrease confidence in comparisons based upon these data.
Methods.  We analyzed data from national validation studies that used Medicare claims to trigger chart review for SSI confirmation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and hip arthroplasty. We evaluated code performance (sensitivity and positive predictive value) to select diagnosis codes that best identified D/OS SSI. Codes were analyzed individually and in combination.
Results.  Analysis included 143 patients with D/OS SSI after CABG and 175 patients with D/OS SSI after hip arthroplasty. For CABG, 9 International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) diagnosis codes identified 92% of D/OS SSI, with 1 D/OS SSI identified for every 4 cases with a diagnosis code. For hip arthroplasty, 6 ICD-9 diagnosis codes identified 99% of D/OS SSI, with 1 D/OS SSI identified for every 2 cases with a diagnosis code.
Conclusions.  This standardized and efficient approach for identifying D/OS SSI can be used by hospitals to improve case detection and public reporting. This method can also be used to identify potential D/OS SSI cases for review during hospital audits for data validation.
Increasing the effectiveness of reward management: an evidence‐based approach
Authors: Armstrong Michael , Brown Duncan , Reilly Peter 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper seeks to explore the reasons why many organisations do not evaluate the effectiveness of their reward policies and practices, examines the approaches used by those organizations which do evaluate, and develops a model of evidence‐based reward management which describes how evaluation can take place.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on a study of why organisations do or do not evaluate reward and an examination of what organizations taking evaluation seriously were doing about it. The study was based on a survey of 173 reward and HR practitioners and 13 case studies.FindingsThe survey found that only 46 per cent of respondents carried out a full evaluation. Other surveys have established that an even lower proportion evaluated. Those organisations which evaluate reward do so because they recognise that it is necessary to obtain value for money from their considerable expenditure on pay. Those who do not evaluate offer a number of reasons, but the most important was lack of resources or time. It was established that while an evidence‐based approach was desirable there was no set pattern of conducting an evaluation.Practical implicationsInformation about the evaluation practices of the case study organisations and the concept of evidence‐based reward management as an approach to evaluation provide guidance to practitioners on how they can measure the effectiveness of their reward policies and practices.Originality/valueThe paper extends the pioneering research of Corbyet al.to develop new insights into the process of reward evaluation.
Service Charges in Commercial Property: measuring code compliance
Authors: Eccles Timothy , Holt Andrew 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe paper seeks to measure compliance by owners and their managing agents with the RICS Code of Practice Service Charges in Commercial Property, emphasising the financial reporting to tenants in multi‐let financial services buildings.Design/methodology/approachData were hand collected by examining original source documents provided to commercial leaseholders as part of the service charge management process. This removes bias from relying on secondary respondents to provide data.FindingsThe paper finds that requirements of the Code of Practice are not onerous, and whilst service charge management has improved, the majority of landlords still fail to achieve its requirements.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample represents approximately 6.2 per cent of multi‐let office space in England and Wales 1998‐2009. The content analysis method used requires some subjective interpretation by the researchers.Originality/valueData are original to this research and the paper offers an analysis on the current standards of accounting practice by service charge managers.
A Biblical basis for localization
Authors: Beed Clive , Beed Cara 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a Biblical basis for localization as against globalization. This paper argues that the normative direction of Biblical thought is toward the localization of socio‐economic activity. A case study is made for the developing world today relevant to localization.Design/methodology/approachAn evaluation is made of normative Biblical teaching that might have bearing on the localization of socio‐economic activity. How this teaching could apply to the contemporary developing world is assessed.FindingsNormative Biblical teaching is oriented toward localization. This emphasis is capable of being applied in the developing world.Originality/valueThe case that normative Biblical teaching is in favour of localization rather then dispersal (and thereby globalization) has not been made previously. For those who believe that normative Biblical teaching has relevance today, the localization bias challenges the widespread acceptance of globalization.
The pattern of grey fuzzy forecasting with feedback
Authors: Li Xican , Yu Tao , Wang Xiao , Yuan Zheng , Shang Xiaodong 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to attempt to establish the pattern of multi‐objective and multi‐dimensional grey fuzzy forecasting with feedback based on the theories of grey system and fuzzy recognition.Design/methodology/approachFirst, according to the given weights, the weighting integrated value of samples were computed. Second, the method of fuzzy recognition with single index was employed to calculate the fuzzy classification of the integrated value. According to the cause analysis, the fuzzy classification of the integrated value is used to compute the weights of indexes. In the same way, repeating the above processes, the weighting integrated value and fuzzy classification with given accuracy are retrieved at the same time. Finally, the authors calculate the correlation coefficient between the weighting integrated values and forecasting objects, according to the principle of maximal relativity, optimizing the weighting integrated value of samples, establishing the fuzzy forecasting pattern, and checking the model's precision. A numeric example is also computed in the last part of the paper.FindingsThe results are convincing: not only that the pattern of multi‐objective and multi‐dimensional grey fuzzy forecasting with feedback based is valid, but also the model's applied prediction accuracy is higher, where the test samples' mean forecast accuracy of groundwater dynamic levels is 96.50 percent.Practical implicationsThe method exposed in the paper can be used to predict groundwater dynamic levels and even for other similar forecast problems.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in realising both a prediction pattern and application of predicting groundwater dynamic levels by using the newest developed theories of grey system and fuzzy recognition.
Interval number based comprehensive evaluation for breeding target character
Authors: Guo Ruilin , Wu Qiufang , Liu Yafei , Liu Yanzhen 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to attempt to solve a decision‐making problem for breeding target character showed as an interval number.Design/methodology/approachA new comprehensive evaluation method was proposed based on similarity‐difference theory and interval number theory. The data from Winter Wheat Group I Variety Regional Test in Henan Province in 2009‐2010 were analysed using the proposed method.FindingsThe results showed that Zhou 99233 was a good variety, Yuxhan No.7, An 05‐28, Xun K8, Jinyumai 378 and Zhoumai 18 were better ones, 08 luo 36, and Xuke 718 ordinary ones, and others worse ones. Based on this, the feasibility of the method was discussed. It showed that the proposed method had some obvious merits, such as arithmetic was simple, operation convenient, flexible and practical, fast and effective, etc.Practical implicationsApplication to a living example indicated that its evaluation effect was satisfactory. Consequently, the application prospect of the method will be very vast.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in solving a decision‐making problem for breeding target character shown as an interval number.
4‐stage distribution network optimization of supply chain with grey demands
Authors: Zhang Qishan , Wang Haiyan , Liu Hong 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to attempt to realize a distribution network optimization in supply chain using grey systems theory for uncertain information.Design/methodology/approachThere is much uncertain information in the distribution network optimization of supply chain, including fuzzy information, stochastic information and grey information, etc. Fuzzy information and stochastic information have been studied in supply chain, however grey information of the supply chain has not been covered. In the distribution problem of supply chain, grey demands are taken into account. Then, a mathematics model with grey demands has been constructed, and it can be transformed into a grey chance‐constrained programming model, grey simulation and a proposed hybrid particle swarm optimization are combined to resolve it. An example is also computed in the last part of the paper.FindingsThe results are convincing: not only that grey system theory can be used to deal with grey uncertain information about distribution of supply chain, but grey chance‐constrained programming, grey simulation and particle swarm optimization can be combined to resolve the grey model.Practical implicationsThe method exposed in the paper can be used to deal with distribution problems with grey information in the supply chain, and network optimization results with a grey uncertain factor could be helpful for supply chain efficiency and practicability.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in realising both a constructed model of the distribution of supply chain with grey demands and a solution algorithm of the grey mathematics model by using one of the newest developed theories: grey systems theory.
Elements of a cybernetic epistemology: output‐side attention directing systems
Authors: Nechansky Helmut 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to analyze cybernetic necessities of output‐side attention directing systems, i.e. how systems can decide to act towards one of various inputs.Design/methodology/approachComplex pattern recognition and sequence learning systems may recognize more than one pattern and deliver more than one output at a point in time. Therefore, they require an output‐side attention directing system to decide to act towards just one pattern. The necessary cybernetic structures of such systems are analyzed using a functional approach.FindingsAn output‐side attention directing system has to evaluate the effect of current observations (patterns, sequences, etc.) on highest level goal‐values (in a living system these are existential goal‐values like a body temperature or energy supply). Measure of this effect is the degree of goal‐approximation towards these goal‐values. This measure can either be preprogrammed for some patterns or sequences, or has to be determined in trial and error processes for new patterns or sequences learned by the system.Practical implicationsThe paper shows the cybernetic necessities of the development of the “know how” of sequence learning systems in time, starting with default behavior, via learning new patterns and sequences, and trial and error to develop goal‐orientated actions towards them, until finally the achieved results enable experience based directing of attention.Originality/valueThe paper shows basic cybernetic structures and functions for output‐side attention directing systems required for all complex pattern recognition and sequence learning systems.
The many facets of Poincare recurrence theorem of the logistic map
Authors: Karamanos Kostas , Mistakidis Ioannis , Mistakidis Simeon 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate the many aspects of Poincare recurrence time theorem for an archetype of a complex system, the logistic map.Design/methodology/approachAt the beginning of the twentieth century, Poincare's recurrence theorem had revolutionized modern mechanics and statistical physics. However, this theorem did not attract considerable attention, at least from a numerical and computational point of view. In a series of relatively recent papers, Balakrishnan, Nicolis and Nicolis have addressed the recurrence time problem in a firm basis, introducing notation, theory, and numerical studies. Motivated by this call, the paper proposes to illustrate the many aspects of Poincare recurrence time theorem for an archetype of a complex system, the logistic map. The authors propose here in different tests and computations, each one illuminating the many aspects of the problem of recurrence. The paper ends up with a short discussion and conclusions.FindingsIn this paper, the authors obtain new results on computations, each one illuminating the many aspects of the problem of recurrence. One striking aspect of this detailed work, is that when the sizes of the cells in the phase space became considerable, then the recurrence times assume ordinary values.Originality/valueThe paper extends previous results on chaotic maps to the logistic map, enhancing comprehension, making possible connections with number theory, combinatorics and cryptography.
Rethinking public ownership and participation
Authors: Cumbers Andrew , McMaster Robert 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper seeks to challenge the simplistic formulation of public ownership in terms of centralized planning and state bureaucracy. Instead, drawing on the works of Dewey and Veblen the paper aims to argue that public ownership is a critical aspect of forging progressive change through enhancing democratic participation in economic decision making.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a conceptual analysis of public ownership types and employs case examples to further illuminate the argument.FindingsThe conceptual analysis challenges the supposition of market superiority in standard economic approaches and in neoliberalism. Drawing from the instrumental valuation principle a wide corpus of public ownership modes can offer the prospect of enhanced democratic participation that challenges existing power structures.Originality/valueBy emphasising the association between ownership and democracy the paper challenges the assumption that markets necessarily offer the only route to democratic participation. It also identifies and challenges the market fundamentalism of standard economic approaches.
Teaching popular economics to less‐educated adults: principles and examples for teaching heterodox and critical economics
Authors: Kim Marlene 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper aims to describe how to teach economics to adult learners, many of whom are women, immigrants and do not hold college degrees, but who feel the effects of mainstream economics — and the brunt of economic policies and the ensuing lack of services that are provided — in their everyday lives.Design/methodology/approachThe article reviews popular education pedagogy and discusses and illustrates these in teaching lay audiences economics. Because they are lower‐educated adult learners, different pedagogy and curriculum are needed, which involve participatory methods that clearly illustrate how different economic policies affect different economic players and how these have and can affect their lives. Many examples of these principles are discussed. Discussing alternative policies is key, and these are also illustrated. Because they discuss alternative policies, this pedagogy naturally encompasses heterodox approaches, which is also illustrated. Impediments to teaching popular economics and how this differs from traditional classroom teaching are also discussed.FindingsWhen taught in the manner described, adult learners, even those with low levels of education, can learn about any economic issue or concept, including the intricacies of tax policy, the international economy, the recent financial crisis, and complex financial derivatives. With their new knowledge, participants feel empowered to take action in their communities and advocate for economic change.Originality/valueThis paper reflects on popular education pedagogy in applying and discussing issues and problems in teaching lay learners. The paper draws on the author's 20 years of experience in teaching economics to lay learners.