bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bank lending channel and monetary policy rules for Eurozone banks: further extensions
Authors: Apergis Nicholas , Miller Stephen M. , Alevizopoulou Effrosyni 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe monetary authorities affect macroeconomic activity through various channels of influence. This paper examines the bank lending channel, which considers how central bank actions affect the loan supply through its main indicator of policy, the real short-term interest rate. This paper employs the endogenously determined target interest rate, emanating from the European Central Bank’s monetary policy rule, to examine the operation of the bank lending channel. Furthermore, it examines whether different bank-specific characteristics affect how Eurozone banks react to monetary shocks. That is, do sounder banks react more to the monetary policy rule than less-sound banks? The paper finds evidence of an active and statistically and economically significant bank lending channel for the Eurozone between 2000 and 2009.
Superfast Wavelet Transform Using Quantics-TT
Approximation. I. Application to Haar Wavelets
Authors: Khoromskij Boris N. , Miao Sentao 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We propose a superfast discrete Haar wavelet transform (SFHWT) as
well as its inverse, using the low-rank Quantics-TT (QTT) representation for
the Haar transform matrices and input-output vectors. Though the Haar matrix
itself does not have a low QTT rank approximation, we show that factor matrices
used at each step of the traditional multilevel Haar wavelet transform
algorithm have explicit QTT representations of low rank.
The SFHWT applies to a vector representing a signal sampled on a uniform grid
of size

N
=

2
d

${N=2^d}$

. We develop two algorithms which roughly require square
logarithmic time complexity

O
(

log
2

N
)

${O(\log ^2 N)}$

with respect to the grid size,
hence outperforming the traditional fast Haar wavelet transform (FHWT) of
linear complexity O(N). Our approach also applies to the FHWT inverse as
well as to the multidimensional wavelet transform. Numerical experiments
demonstrate that the SFHWT algorithm is robust in keeping low rank of the
resulting output vector and it outperforms the traditional FHWT for grid sizes
larger than a certain value depending on the spacial dimension.
The Conditional Distribution of Waiting Time Given Queue Length
Authors: Patil Dipak D. , Naik-Nimbalkar Uttara V. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper we propose a conditional distribution of the waiting time given the queue length. We assume that the number of customers in a queue, that is the queue length, follows a geometric distribution and the waiting time of a newly arrived customer in a queue follows an exponential distribution. We model the conditional distribution of the waiting time given the queue length using Gumbel's bivariate exponential copula. Parameters are estimated using the likelihood approach with a two stage estimation procedure. A simulation study indicates the performance of the estimators. Asymptotic properties of the estimators of the parameters are studied. We apply the model to a real data set to illustrate the dependence between the waiting time and the queue length.
Design and Development of Low-Cost Makhana Grading and Roasting Machine
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Rajak Dinesh , Kumar Raushan , Kumar Vikash , Devi Sharma Pratibha 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The currently available technology of Makhana processing is not only indigenous and manual but also cumbersome and painstaking. The process involves handling of hot roasted seeds which require two to three laborers to process 8–9 kg of popped Makhana per day. With the view to mechanize the unit operation involved in Makhana processing, grading and roasting machine were designed and developed. Grader was developed based on engineering properties of Makhana while the roaster was designed based on preliminary experiments for Makhana, i.e. shell breaking force at different temperatures and for varying residence time. The grader performed best at feed rate of 20 kg/h with grading effectiveness of 0.99, 0.955 and 0.95 for grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 Makhana seeds respectively. The developed roasting machine worked satisfactorily with 100% popping efficiency at machine capacity around 23.0 kg/h. The residence time of seeds in the roaster was 2.6 min and the average temperature of roasted seeds of grade 1, grade 2, grade 3 was found to be 271.33°C, 281.1°C and 280.7°C respectively.
Lachen und Politik. Zur Funktion von Humor in der politischen Kommunikation des römischen Principats
Authors: Meister Jan B. 
Published: June 2014

Zusammenfassung
Humor ist ein schwer fassbares Phänomen: Obwohl universell, ist er jeweils stark kulturell geprägt und daher in der Rückschau keineswegs immer leicht zu erkennen. Der vorliegende Beitrag möchte die Funktion von Humor in der politischen Kommunikation im frühen Principat genauer untersuchen. Ausgangspunkt ist die doppelbödige Kommunikation, die sich aus der Gleichzeitigkeit von Republik und Monarchie ergab. Vergleicht man diese kommunikative Situation mit modernen Theorien zu Humor und Komik, so zeigt sich, dass genau in dieser Doppelbödigkeit ein latentes humoristisches Potential lag. In der historischen Rückschau konnte daher bereits in der Antike Komik dort gesehen werden, wo ursprünglich gar keine intendiert war. Doch in der politischen Praxis musste die Realisierung des komischen Potentials, welches das System barg, zwingend vermieden werden, da die für das System lebensnotwendige Doppelbödigkeit im Lachen verloren gegangen wäre. Gelacht werden konnte nur über scheinbar banale Dinge, doch gerade ein solches Lachen konnte systemstabilisierend sein, wie abschließend anhand der Rede des Claudius über das ius honorum der Gallier gezeigt wird.
The Idea of aeternitas of State, City and Emperor in Augustan Poetry
Authors: Balbuza Katarzyna 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The years of the early Principate, especially the rule of Augustus, are witness to the radical change, on the contrary to Republic, in the number of references of aeternitas especially in Roman poetry. Famous Augustan poets close to the idea of aeternitas are Virgil, Tibullus, Propertius, Horace and Ovid. Numerous references to the concept of aeternitas constituted the outcome of the contemporary mentality and specific world views towards the issue of the permanence and stability of the state; they resulted from social expectations as well as from ideological creations of the new power. The notion of aeternitas, which Augustan authors referred to, was deliberately set in the religious and political tradition of Rome. By means of this notion, poets extremely frequently conveyed the idea of the permanence and stability of the state as well as of the prevailing political system. Most often the concept was evoked in the context of the tradition of the foundation myths of Rome, especially with reference to the heroes of those myths (e.g. Romulus, Aeneas), ancient cults (e.g. of Vesta) as well as religious and political institutions (e.g. Pontifex Maximus). The tendency to treat the state as eternal seems to have increased in 12 B.C. This coincided with two events – the assumption of the function of Pontifex Maximus by Augustus (6th of March 12 B.C.) and attending with care to Vesta, who was linked to the House of Augustus on the Palatine.
Zu den Heeresformationen Roms an Rhein und oberer Donau in der Zeit des Alexander Severus und Maximinus Thrax
Authors: Wiegels Rainer 
Published: June 2014

Zusammenfassung
Die Ergebnisse der archäologischen Ausgrabungen am Harzhorn lassen sich mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit mit dem Kriegszug des Maximinus Thrax in das Gebiet der Germania magna 235/236 n. Chr. in Verbindung bringen. Dennoch besteht angesichts der Quellenlage weder über Zielsetzung und Verlauf der militärischen Aktionen Roms noch über die Heeresformationen, welche schon von Alexander Severus bei Mainz zusammengezogen worden waren, hinreichend Klarheit. Der Beitrag versucht durch eine umfassende Interpretation der verfügbaren literarischen und epigraphischen Quellen, die vom Kriegszug des Severus Alexander gegen die Parther ihren Ausgang nimmt, die Heeresgeschichte an Rhein und oberer Donau mit Fokus auf die Heeresformationen zumindest in einigen wesentlichen Grundzügen zu klären. Dabei soll insbesondere auf die Rolle von Spezialtruppen – Mauri, Osrhoeni, Catafractarii – im Heer der Römer eingegangen werden und die Zuordnung von Inschriften aus dem rechtsrheinischen Bereich, in denen catafractarii genannt werden und die gewöhnlich mit dem Feldzug des Maximinus nach Germanien in Verbindung gebracht werden, überprüft werden. Kurz Stellung genommen wird zuvor zur militärischen Lage an Rhein und oberer Donau (Raetien) im Jahr 235 n. Chr. und zu den Disposition der verschiedenen Formationen an diesen Grenzabschnitten.
The Cult of Mithras in Early Christian Literature – an Inventory and Interpretation
Authors: Roselaar Saskia 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This article investigates references to Mithraism in early Christian works, dating from the second to fifth centuries AD. It argues that the way the Mithras cult was described and/or addressed transformed as the relative positions in society of Christianity and pagan cults changed. In the earliest period Christianity was only one religious group among many, and its later dominance could not be foreseen. This may have made Christian writers eager to distinguish themselves from other religious groups by a detailed explanation of the differences between their religion and others, and by a careful exposition of what their cult entailed and why other cults were wrong. In later periods, when the position of Christianity was much stronger, a systematic refutation of other religions was no longer necessary. Most references to the cult of Mithras in later periods therefore merely seem to emphasize the superiority felt by Christians over other religions. An Appendix collects all references to the Mithras cult in patristic literature from the second to fifth century AD.
Bicaudal‐D1 regulates the intracellular sorting and signalling of neurotrophin receptors
Authors: Terenzio Marco , Golding Matthew , Russell Matthew R G , Wicher Krzysztof B , Rosewell Ian , Spencer‐Dene Bradley , Ish‐Horowicz David , Schiavo Giampietro 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe have identified a new function for the dynein adaptor Bicaudal D homolog 1 (BICD1) by screening a siRNA library for genes affecting the dynamics of neurotrophin receptor‐containing endosomes in motor neurons (MNs). Depleting BICD1 increased the intracellular accumulation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)‐activated TrkB and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) by disrupting the endosomal sorting, reducing lysosomal degradation and increasing the co‐localisation of these neurotrophin receptors with retromer‐associated sorting nexin 1. The resulting re‐routing of active receptors increased their recycling to the plasma membrane and altered the repertoire of signalling‐competent TrkB isoforms and p75NTR available for ligand binding on the neuronal surface. This resulted in attenuated, but more sustained, AKT activation in response to BDNF stimulation. These data, together with our observation that Bicd1 expression is restricted to the developing nervous system when neurotrophin receptor expression peaks, indicate that BICD1 regulates neurotrophin signalling by modulating the endosomal sorting of internalised ligand‐activated receptors.
Affinity proteomics within rare diseases: a BIO‐NMD study for blood biomarkers of muscular dystrophies
Authors: Ayoglu Burcu , Chaouch Amina , Lochmüller Hanns , Politano Luisa , Bertini Enrico , Spitali Pietro , Hiller Monika , Niks Eric H , Gualandi Francesca , Pontén Fredrik , Bushby Kate , Aartsma‐Rus Annemieke , Schwartz Elena , Le Priol Yannick , Straub Volker , Uhlén Mathias , Cirak Sebahattin , ‘t Hoen Peter A C , Muntoni Francesco , Ferlini Alessandra , Schwenk Jochen M , Nilsson Peter , Al‐Khalili Szigyarto Cristina 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDespite the recent progress in the broad‐scaled analysis of proteins in body fluids, there is still a lack in protein profiling approaches for biomarkers of rare diseases. Scarcity of samples is the main obstacle hindering attempts to apply discovery driven protein profiling in rare diseases. We addressed this challenge by combining samples collected within the BIO‐NMD consortium from four geographically dispersed clinical sites to identify protein markers associated with muscular dystrophy using an antibody bead array platform with 384 antibodies. Based on concordance in statistical significance and confirmatory results obtained from analysis of both serum and plasma, we identified eleven proteins associated with muscular dystrophy, among which four proteins were elevated in blood from muscular dystrophy patients: carbonic anhydrase III (CA3) and myosin light chain 3 (MYL3), both specifically expressed in slow‐twitch muscle fibers and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) and electron transfer flavoprotein A (ETFA). Using age‐matched sub‐cohorts, 9 protein profiles correlating with disease progression and severity were identified, which hold promise for the development of new clinical tools for management of dystrophinopathies.
Plasma irisin levels progressively increase in response to increasing exercise workloads in young, healthy, active subjects
Authors: Daskalopoulou Stella S , Cooke Alexandra B , Gomez Yessica-Haydee , Mutter Andrew F , Filippaios Andreas , Mesfum Ertirea T , Mantzoros Christos S 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundIrisin, a recently discovered myokine, has been shown to induce browning of white adipose tissue, enhancing energy expenditure and mediating some of the beneficial effects of exercise. We aimed to estimate the time frame of changes in irisin levels after acute exercise and the effect of different exercise workloads and intensities on circulating irisin levels immediately post-exercise.MethodsIn a pilot study, four healthy subjects (22.5±1.7 years) underwent maximal workload exercise (maximal oxygen consumption, VO2 max) and blood was drawn at prespecified intervals to define the time frame of pre- and post-exercise irisin changes over a 24-h period. In the main study, 35 healthy, non-smoking (23.0±3.3 years) men and women (n=20/15) underwent three exercise protocols ≥48-h apart, in random order: i) maximal workload (VO2 max); ii) relative workload (70% of VO2 max/10 min); and iii) absolute workload (75 W/10 min). Blood was drawn immediately pre-exercise and 3 min post-exercise.ResultsIn the pilot study, irisin levels increased by 35% 3 min post-exercise, then dropped and remained relatively constant. In the main study, irisin levels post-exercise were significantly higher than those of pre-exercise after all workloads (all,P<0.001). Post-to-pre-exercise differences in irisin levels were significantly different between workloads (P=0.001), with the greatest increase by 34% following maximal workload (P=0.004 vs relative and absolute).ConclusionsCirculating irisin levels were acutely elevated in response to exercise, with a greater increase after maximal workload. These findings suggest that irisin release could be a function of muscle energy demand. Future studies need to determine the underlying mechanisms of irisin release and explore irisin's therapeutic potential.
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND ADOLESCENCE: Aerobic exercise reduces insulin resistance markers in obese youth: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: García-Hermoso Antonio , Saavedra Jose M , Escalante Yolanda , Sánchez-López Mairena , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveThe purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the evidence for the effectiveness of aerobic exercise interventions on reducing insulin resistance markers in obese children and/or adolescents. A secondary outcome was change in percentage of body fat.MethodsA computerized search was made from seven databases: CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Science Citation Index. The analysis was restricted to randomized controlled trials that examined the effect of aerobic exercise on insulin resistance markers in obese youth. Two independent reviewers screened studies and extracted data. Effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated, and the heterogeneity of the studies was estimated using Cochran'sQ-statistic.ResultsNine studies were selected for meta-analysis as they fulfilled the inclusion criteria (n=367). Aerobic exercise interventions resulted in decreases in fasting glucose (ES=−0.39; low heterogeneity) and insulin (ES=−0.40; low heterogeneity) and in percentage of body fat (ES=−0.35; low heterogeneity). These improvements were specifically accentuated in adolescents (only in fasting insulin), or through programs lasting more than 12 weeks, three sessions per week, and over 60 min of aerobic exercise per session.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis provides insights into the effectiveness of aerobic exercise interventions on insulin resistance markers in the obese youth population.
The Next Generation of Users: Prevalence and Longitudinal Patterns of Tobacco Use Among US Young Adults
Authors: Richardson Amanda , Williams Valerie , Rath Jessica , Villanti Andrea C. , Vallone Donna 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We monitored the prevalence and patterns of use of the array of tobacco products available to young adults, who are at risk for initiation and progression to established tobacco use. Methods. We used data from waves 1 to 3 of GfK’s KnowledgePanel (2011–2012), a nationally representative cohort of young adults aged 18 to 34 years (n = 2144). We examined prevalence and patterns of tobacco product use over time, associated demographics, and state-level tobacco policy. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine predictors of initiation of cigarettes as well as noncombustible and other combustible products. Results. The prevalence of ever tobacco use rose from 57.28% at wave 1 to 67.43% at wave 3. Use of multiple products was the most common pattern (66.39% of tobacco users by wave 3). Predictors of initiation differed by product type and included age, race/ethnicity, policy, and use of other tobacco products. Conclusions. Tobacco use is high among young adults and many are using multiple products. Efforts to implement policy and educate young adults about the risks associated with new and emerging products are critical to prevent increased initiation of tobacco use.
Prevalence, Harm Perceptions, and Reasons for Using Noncombustible Tobacco Products Among Current and Former Smokers
Authors: Richardson Amanda , Pearson Jennifer , Xiao Haijun , Stalgaitis Carolyn , Vallone Donna 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We provided estimates of noncombustible tobacco product (electronic nicotine delivery systems [ENDS]; snus; chewing tobacco, dip, or snuff; and dissolvables) use among current and former smokers and examined harm perceptions of noncombustible tobacco products and reasons for their use. Methods. We assessed awareness of, prevalence of, purchase of, harm perceptions of, and reasons for using noncombustible tobacco products among 1487 current and former smokers from 8 US designated market areas. We used adjusted logistic regression to identify correlates of noncombustible tobacco product use. Results. Of the sample, 96% were aware of at least 1 noncombustible tobacco product, but only 33% had used and 21% had purchased one. Noncombustible tobacco product use was associated with being male, non-Hispanic White, younger, and more nicotine dependent. Respondents used noncombustible tobacco products to cut down or quit cigarettes, but only snus was associated with a higher likelihood of making a quit attempt. Users of noncombustible tobacco products, particularly ENDS, were most likely to endorse the product as less harmful than cigarettes. Conclusions. Smokers may use noncombustible tobacco products to cut down or quit smoking. However, noncombustible tobacco product use was not associated with a reduction in cigarettes per day or cessation.
Tobacco Smoke Incursions in Multiunit Housing
Authors: Wilson Karen M. , Torok Michelle , McMillen Robert , Tanski Susanne , Klein Jonathan D. , Winickoff Jonathan P. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We sought to describe the prevalence of secondhand tobacco smoke incursions reported by multiunit housing (MUH) residents, pinpoint factors associated with exposure, and determine whether smoke-free building policy was associated with prevalence of reported tobacco smoke incursions. Methods. Data are from a 2011 nationally representative dual-frame survey (random-digit-dial and Internet panels) of US adults aged 18 years and older. Individuals who lived in MUH and who reported no smoking in their homes for the past 3 months, whether or not they reported being smokers themselves, were included in this study. Incursions were defined as smelling tobacco smoke in their building or unit. Results. Of 562 respondents, 29.5% reported smoke incursions in their buildings. Of these, 16% reported incursions in their own unit, 36.2% of which occurred at least weekly. Government-subsidized housing and partial smoke-free policies were associated with a higher likelihood of reporting smoke incursions. Conclusions. Many residents of multiunit housing are exposed to tobacco smoke in their units and buildings. Partial smoke-free policies do not appear to protect residents and might increase the likelihood of incursions in residents’ individual units.
Triple Comorbid Trajectories of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use as Predictors of Antisocial Personality Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Among Urban Adults
Authors: Brook Judith S. , Lee Jung Yeon , Rubenstone Elizabeth , Brook David W. , Finch Stephen J. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We modeled triple trajectories of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use from adolescence to adulthood as predictors of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods. We assessed urban African American and Puerto Rican participants (n = 816) in the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study, a psychosocial investigation, at 4 time waves (mean ages = 19, 24, 29, and 32 years). We used Mplus to obtain the 3 variable trajectories of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use from time 2 to time 5 and then conducted logistic regression analyses. Results. A 5-trajectory group model, ranging from the use of all 3 substances (23%) to a nonuse group (9%), best fit the data. Membership in the trajectory group that used all 3 substances was associated with an increased likelihood of both ASPD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 6.83; 95% CI = 1.14, 40.74; P < .05) and GAD (AOR = 4.35; 95% CI = 1.63, 11.63; P < .001) in adulthood, as compared with the nonuse group, with control for earlier proxies of these conditions. Conclusions. Adults with comorbid tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use should be evaluated for use of other substances and for ASPD, GAD, and other psychiatric disorders. Treatment programs should address the use of all 3 substances to decrease the likelihood of comorbid psychopathology.