bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroactive perovskite lead zirconate particles embedded in an acrylic elastomer
Authors: Tangboriboon Nuchnapa , Sirivat Anuvat , Kunanuruksapong Ruksapong , Wongkasemjit Sujitra 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLead zirconate was synthesized via the sol-gel process and calcined at 300°C for 1 h to obtain a Perovskite structure of an orthorhombic form. SEM micrographs indicate that the lead zirconate particles are moderately dispersed in a solid acrylic rubber, AR71. Without an electric field, the particles merely act as a dielectric filler that can absorb and store additional stress. Under electrical field, particle-induced dipole moments are generated, leading to the interparticle interactions, thus creating a substantial increase in the storage modulus. At the small volume fraction of lead zirconate particles of 0.02 embedded in the elastomer matrix, the electrical conductivity increases dramatically by two orders of magnitude. At the volume fraction of merely 0.0002, the storage modulus, or the composite rigidity, increases by a factor of two as the electric field strength is varied from 0 to 2 kV/mm.
Characterization of molecular orientation under tensile deformation by near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Mizushima Masami , Kawamura Takanobu , Takahashi Kenji , Nitta Koh-hei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe present a novel method for characterizing orientation behavior of typical polyethylene (PE) materials such as HDPE, LLDPE, and LDPE. The chain orientation to the stretching direction was examined under uniaxial deformation by near infrared spectroscopy. Then we obtained directly the orientation function of PE chain axis (c-axis) from the CH stretching vibration of NIR spectra as a function of extension time or strain. We compared the present method with the conventional infrared IR method where the orientation function of PE c-axis (chain-axis) has been indirectly obtained from the b-and a-axis’s assuming the orthogonal crystal form by using the CH2 rocking vibrations in IR spectra
Effect of ball milling on lignin polyesterification with ε-caprolactone
Authors: Kandula Maja , Schwenke Tasja , Friebel Stefan , Salthammer Tunga 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Industrially produced lignins are by-products of the pulp and paper industry and depending on the source and pulping technology they have deviating functional groups, solubility behavior and reactivity. In the present paper, kraft lignin was pretreated by mechanical milling and polyesterified with ε-caprolactone to create hydroxyl groups that are more easily available for further reactions. The products obtained were analysed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and functional group determination. The analytical data are presented as a function of reaction time, crosslinking reactions and the amount of ε-caprolactone input.
Fingierte Lernersprachen
Authors: Fobbe Eilika 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
One of the most significant tasks in forensic analysis of written discourse is to examine whether a text is genuine or in some way falsified. In order to deceive the addressee of a blackmail letter, authors often try to disguise their mother tongue by introducing different kinds of artificial errors. The paper firstly deals with the difficulties one has in judging the authenticity of an error, the cognitive conditions of deliberate error production, and its intended purposes. This is followed by a presentation of the results of a study carried out with 98 German native speakers who were asked to write a blackmail letter simulating a non-native speaker identity. The focus of the corpus analysis lies in the description and interpretation of the morphological and syntactical errors produced by the participants. It shows that many participants singled out identical grammatical categories, and produced similar patterns of errors, resembling the defective structures of German foreigner talk. The results from this study suggest that deliberate error production is affected by the cognitive load caused by the asignment, and is automated to a higher degree, and that its patterns are noticeably shaped by the grammatical structures of the mother tongue.
Human Factors and Health Information Technology: Current Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Kannampallil T. G. , Patel V. L. 
Published: August 2014

Summary
Objectives: Recent federal mandates and incentives have spurred the rapid growth, development and adoption of health information technology (HIT). While providing significant benefits for better data integration, organization, and availability, recent reports have raised questions regarding their potential to cause medication errors, decreased clinician performance, and lowered efficiency. The goal of this survey article is to (a) examine the theoretical and foundational models of human factors and ergonomics (HFE) that are being advocated for achieving patient safety and quality, and their use in the evaluation of health-care systems; (b) and the potential for macroergonomic HFE approaches within the context of current research in biomedical informatics.
Methods: We reviewed literature (2007-2013) on the use of HFE approaches in healthcare settings, from databases such as Pubmed, CINAHL, and Cochran.
Results: Based on the review, we discuss the systems-oriented models, their use in the evaluation of HIT, and examples of their use in the evaluation of EHR systems, clinical workflow processes, and medication errors. We also discuss the opportunities for better integrating HFE methods within biomedical informatics research and its potential advantages.
Conclusions: The use of HFE methods is still in its infancy - better integration of HFE within the design lifecycle, and quality improvement efforts can further the ability of informatics researchers to address the key concerns regarding the complexity in clinical settings and develop HIT solutions that are designed within the social fabric of the considered setting.
Long-term effects of ACE inhibitor on vascular remodelling
Authors: Tuleta Izabela , Bauriedel Gerhard , Krämer Stefan , Nickenig Georg , Skowasch Dirk 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The long-term pathomorphological changes of the injured vessels under angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor are still not known. Therefore, we assessed the alternations of vascular architecture after three-month therapy with ACE inhibitor and identified new target cells for this medication. Carotid arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats underwent balloon angioplasty. 14 days prior intervention, half of the animals was treated with ACE inhibitor. After three months of vascular trauma, the injured vessels were explored by histomorphology and immunohistochemistry for angiotensin-II receptor (AT1R), dendritic and HSP47+ cells. The neointimal growth decreased significantly only up to 28 days under ACE inhibitor. In contrast, the reductive effect of ACE inhibitor on media area persisted up to three months after intervention. A significant fraction of early neointimal cells was of a dendritic cell type. The relevant portion of these cells showed an expression of AT1R and HSP47. AT1R was present in 70% and HSP47 in 18% of all early neointimal cells in both groups. ACE inhibitor may at least temporarily diminish remodelling processes in injured vessels. The detection of AT1R on dendritic cells identifies these cells as important targets for therapeutic strategies involving modulation of the renin-angiotensin system.
The hemiface transplant in rodent model
Authors: Ghimis Iulian , Enescu Dan , Lascar Ioan 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The composite allotransplant of tissues was recently introduced on the list of potential procedures for complex face reconstruction. To assess the technical and immunological aspects and the potential of the clinical applicability of this new approach in facial reconstruction, samples of total and hemifacial transplant with rats have been introduced. We have proposed in this study checking the versatility of the facial transplant sample in rats by performing the hemiface transplant between two neco-blood species of laboratory rats. Meanwhile, study included the verification of mono-therapy efficiency with A cyclosporine in inducing immune tolerance against the composite tissue graft, which consists of skin, subcutaneous tissue, blood vessels and ear cartilage, transferred against the hystocompatibility barriers, as well as the verification of the procedures adjacent to transplant: anesthesia and surgical technique. In this study,14 laboratory rats have been included and divided into 3 lots. Lot No. 1 was represented by 2 Brown Norway rats used for the anatomic study of the vascular formations which are going to be coopted during a facial transplant. Lot No. 2 consisted of 3 Brown Norway rats used as donors and 3 Wistar rats used as acceptors, with these transplants being associated immunosuppression protocols postop. Llot No. 3 consisted of 3 Brown Norway rats used as donors and 3 Wistar rats used as acceptors, which, after the intervention, did not receive an immunosuppression treatment. Conclusions. The experimental sample of the facial transplant is an essential and mandatory stage in preparing the clinical application of the face transplant. Our study confirms the good tolerance of the hemiface transplant against the major hystocompatibility complex granted by the immunosuppression with A Cyclosporine in rodents.
Split-hand/split-foot malformation (SHFM)
Authors: Mondal Monojit , Rana Kriti Sundar , Banerji Nayan , Bose Sayan , Biswas Tanmoy , Biswas Biswajit , Mandal Pijush Kanti 
Published: August 2014

Split-hand/split-foot malformation (SHFM), also known as ectrodactyly or lobster claw hand is a congenital limb malformation, characterized by a deep median cleft of the hand and/or foot due to the absence of the central rays of the autopod. It may occur singly or in association with syndromes, former being mostly autosomal dominant but autosomal recessive variety is rare. We are reporting a case of ectrodactyly with autosomal recessive mode of inheritance DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i1.10018 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(1) 2015 122-123
Head shape determination and cranial evaluation using anatomical landmarks in children with sickle cell disease (SCD)
Authors: Musa MA , Zagga AD , Musa K , Danfulani M , Ahmed H 
Published: August 2014

Background: Sickle cell disease is one of the commonest diseases widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria in particular. This study investigated the possible effects of sickle cell disease (SCD) on the cranial index and pattern of head shapes of children with sickle cell disease in comparison with that of children without SCD. Methods: The head length, head width of 103 children (54 males and 49 females) with sickle cell disease and 218 normal growing non-sickle cell disease children (121 males and 97 females) aged 0-18 years old were measured and their cranial indices calculated. Results: The mean CI for normal growing non sickle cell disease children was 79.82±3.35 and that of the sickle cell disease children was 80.12±3.39 which was not statistically signifi cant (p=0.4526). However, the difference between the mean CI of males in both groups was not signifi cant (p=0.9535) likewise in females (p=0.3127). The mean head circumference in sickle cell disease children was 48.89±3.15 as against that of the normal growing non-sickle cell disease children 44.97±6.07 and this difference was also not statistically signifi cant (p=>0.05). Conclusion: The head shapes as per the present study could be classifi ed as mesocephalic in normal growing non-sickle cell disease children and brachycephalic in sickle cell disease children. Thus, it has been deduced that sickle cell disease could probably have an effect on head length, head width, cranial index and head circumference of affected children. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i1.9160 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(1) 2015 98-102
Flow routing with Semi-distributed hydrological model HEC- HMS in case of Narayani River Basin
Authors: Gautam Narayan Prasad 
Published: August 2014

Routing is the modeling process to determine the outflow at an outlet from given inflow at upstream of the channel. A hydrological simulation model use mathematical equations that establish relationships between inputs and outputs of water system and simulates the catchment response to the rainfall input. Several hydrological models have been developed to assist in understanding of hydrologic system and water resources management. A model, once calibrated and verified on catchments, provides a multi-purpose tool for further analysis. Semi-Distributed models in hydrology are usually physically based in that they are defined in terms of theoretically acceptable continuum equations. They do, however, involve some degree of lumping since analytical solutions to the equations cannot be found, and so approximate numerical solutions, based on a finite difference or finite element discretization of the space and time dimensions, are implemented. Many rivers in Nepal are either ungauged or poorly gauged due to extreme complex terrains, monsoon climate and lack of technical and financial supports. In this context the role of hydrological models are extremely useful. In practical applications, hydrological routing methods are relatively simple to implement reasonably accurate. In this study, Gandaki river basin was taken for the study area. Kinematic wave method was used for overland routing and Muskingum cunge method was applied for channel routing to describe the discharge on Narayani river and peak flow attenuation and dispersion observed in the direct runoff hydrograph. Channel cross section parameters are extracted using HEC- GeoRAS extension tool of GIS. From this study result, Annual runoff, Peak flow and time of peak at the outlet are similar to the observed flow in calibration and verification period using trapezoidal channel. Hence Hydrological modeling is a powerful technique in the planning and development of integrated approach for management of water resources. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v10i1.10877Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2014 pp. 45-58
The Thermal Performance of Traditional Residential Buildings in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Bajracharya Sushil B. 
Published: August 2014

This paper seeks to investigate into the aspects of thermal performance of traditional residential buildings in traditional settlements of Kathmandu valley. This study proceeds to analyze the detailed field data collected, with a view to identify the indoor thermal environment with respect to outdoor thermal environment in different seasons. This paper also compares the thermal performance of traditional buildings with modern residential buildings of traditional settlements of the valley. There is a regression analysis to obtain information about the thermal environment of different traditional and modern residential buildings with different conditions. The paper concludes that, thermal performance of traditional residential building, adapted in various ways to the changing thermal regime for thermal comfort is better than that of contemporary buildings.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v10i1.10898Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2014, pp. 172–183
Quantitative modeling of the newly formed magnetic minerals in the fault gouge of 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake (Mw 7.6), Taiwan
Authors: Chou Yu‐Min , Song Sheng‐Rong , Aubourg Charles , Lee Teh‐Quei , Song Yen‐Fang , Yeh En‐Chao 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWhen an earthquake occurs, magnetic minerals are formed in the gouge under the combined action of frictional heating and fluid. Generally, the gouge is altered, and a detailed analysis of neoformed minerals is difficult. The Taiwan Chelungpu fault Drilling Project provided continuous records of the active Chelungpu fault gouges. By analyzing the magnetic parameters along the 16 cm thick gouge which houses the principal slip zone of the 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake (Mw 7.6), we observed a 4 cm shift between the maximum of magnetic susceptibility and the maximum of remanence. The maximum magnetic susceptibility is localized along the principal slip zone. The main identified magnetic minerals are magnetite and goethite, which have very different magnetic parameters. We propose that the maximum of the concentration of magnetite and goethite corresponds to the maximum of magnetic susceptibility and remanence, respectively. By modeling the concentration of these two magnetic minerals, we explain satisfactorily the profiles of magnetic susceptibility and remanence. This quantitative modeling indicates that ~200 ppmv of magnetite formed in the principal slip zone and its main contact area. Similarly, ~1% of goethite is formed in the center of the gouge, where the fluids are more enriched in iron. We propose that the magnetite and goethite are formed and altered during seismic cycles.
Ice nucleation of bare and sulfuric acid‐coated mineral dust particles and implication for cloud properties
Authors: Kulkarni Gourihar , Sanders Cassandra , Zhang Kai , Liu Xiaohong , Zhao Chun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIce nucleation properties of atmospherically relevant dust minerals coated with soluble materials are not yet well understood. We determined ice nucleation ability of bare and sulfuric acid‐coated mineral dust particles as a function of temperature (−25 to −35°C) and relative humidity with respect to water (RHw; 75 to 110%) for five different mineral dust types: (1) Arizona test dust, (2) illite, (3) montmorillonite, (4) K‐feldspar, and (5) quartz. The particles were dry dispersed and size selected at 200 nm, and we determined the fraction of dust particles nucleating ice at various temperatures and RHw. Under water‐subsaturated conditions, compared to bare dust particles, we found that coated particles showed a reduction in their ice nucleation ability. Under water‐supersaturated conditions, however, we did not observe a significant coating effect (i.e., the bare and coated dust particles had nearly similar nucleating properties). X‐ray diffraction patterns of the coated particles indicated that acid treatment altered the crystalline nature of the surface and caused structural disorder; thus, we concluded that the lack of such structured order reduced the ice nucleation efficiency of the coated particles in deposition ice nucleation mode. In addition, our single column model results show that coated particles significantly modify cloud properties such as ice crystal number concentration and ice water content compared to bare particles in water‐subsaturated conditions. However, in water‐supersaturated conditions, cloud properties differ only at warmer temperatures. These modeling results imply that future aged dust particle simulations should implement coating parameterizations to accurately predict cloud properties.
Olfactory Receptor Genes: Evolution
Authors: Niimura Yoshihito 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Many mammal genomes have approximately 1000 genes encoding olfactory receptors (ORs), and OR genes constitute the largest multigene family in mammals. Comparisons among the OR gene repertoires in a broad range of species demonstrates that gene duplication and pseudogenization cause frequent gene gain and loss in this family, causing drastic evolutionary changes in the number of genes depending on species' ecological niches and other sensory modalities. For example, higher primates are equipped with a well‐developed visual system, and they have a reduced OR gene repertoires relative to mammals with lesser visual systems. Additionally, aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates retain different sets of OR genes, and these sets reflect the capacity to detect water‐soluble and airborne odorants, respectively. The origin of vertebrate OR genes can be traced back to the common ancestor of chordates, but insects and nematodes each use a distinct family of genes to encode chemoreceptors; therefore, multiple distinct chemoreceptor gene families emerged independently during animal evolution.

Key Concepts:

Olfactory receptor (OR) genes are the largest multigene family in mammals.

OR gene repertoires changed dynamically during mammalian evolution and these changes depended on each species' ecological niches and other sensory modalities.

Distinct chemoreceptor gene families have emerged independently multiple times during animal evolution.

Comparative evolutionary analysis of OR genes provides insights into the interactions between genomes and environments.
Molecular Genetics of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Hernández‐Sánchez María , Rodríguez Vicente Ana Eugenia , Hernández‐Rivas Jesús María 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease with marked variability in the clinical course. Some patients survive for decades and never require treatment, whereas other patients may progress rapidly from time of the diagnosis, and some of them die within 2–3 years with refractory disease. Numerous studies have stated that this clinical heterogeneity is a clear reflex of a marked biological diversity. Our understanding of the complexity of the molecular genetics of CLL has broadened profoundly through studies of chromosomal alterations, the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, genetic lesions identified by whole genome sequencing, deregulated gene expression,
micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA)
deregulation, epigenome and microenviroment. Expanding knowledge of the molecular genetics of CLL and identification of new molecular markers with potential prognostic and therapeutic significance will have an important future effect on the clinical management of the disease.

Key Concepts:

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is a haematological malignancy with an extremely heterogeneous clinical course.

Molecular studies have provided biological evidence underlying the clinical heterogeneity of this disease.

The most common recurrent chromosomal abnormalities include deletion 13q, trisomy 12 and deletions 11q, 17p and 6q, and by association of these lesions with the course of the disease, a hierarchical model based on five risk categories was established.

One of the most important molecular parameters to define the outcome of CLL patients is the
IGHV
mutational status.

Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have provided a better knowledge of the genetic complexity and heterogeneity of CLL.

The integration of the most recurrent and clinically relevant new molecular lesions into the backbone of the FISH hierarchical model has allowed a better understanding of the genetic basis of CLL heterogeneity and led to a significant improvement in patient prognostication.

Identification of molecular markers with potential prognostic and therapeutic significance will impact the clinical management of the disease.