bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multisensory hand representations in early life
Authors: Bremner Andrew J. , van Velzen José , Rigato Silvia 
Published: November 2012

Research into perceptual and cognitive development has, with notable exceptions, neglected both multisensory processes, and embodied representations. In an attempt to address these issues, I will describe our programme of research tracing the early development of multisensory representations of the hand. I will mention several studies currently being conducted in our lab, including investigations of: (i) the emergence of multisensory processes in hand localisation and ownership in early childhood, (ii) the development of categorical representation of the hand as a discrete body part, (iii) the representation of the location of tactile stimuli on the hand. I will focus mainly on the last of these investigations, relating both behavioural and physiological measures of infants’ and young children’s emerging abilities to use multisensory information to locate the hand and stimuli applied to it across changes in arm posture.
Materiality and Spiritual Economies in Premodern Japanese Buddhism: A Problem in Historical Change
Authors: Amstutz Galen 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The recent emphasis on materiality in religion has encouraged a good deal of attention to materiality in Buddhism, but that attention has fallen entirely on Buddhist traditions with conventional monastic orientations. Yet the major Japanese Buddhist school known as True Pure Land Buddhism (Jōdo Shinshū) has also historically possessed a highly important, if different, material dimension, for which one touchpoint has been its merchant members called Ōmi shōnin who flourished in later premodern Japanese history. After alluding to the difficulty of isolating the ‘material’ in any religious culture, the article sketches the transition in Christian materialities in Europe which marked a cognitive shift from medieval modes of thinking (exteriorized, animistic-monistic, oriented to relics and ancestor religion) towards modern modes (interiorized, oriented to abstraction and the psychological individual). Against that paradigm, almost all premodern Buddhist materialities, including those in Japan, can be seen as medieval in nature. However, Jōdo Shinshū was a departure employing an innovatively interiorized doctrine. From that perspective, both Europe and Japan were highly complex civilizations displaying a long-term medieval-to-modern shift, which impacted the material manifestations of religions by gradually replacing older economies of ritual exchange with more modern-looking economies of preaching, religious publication and commercial life. Western scholarship has resisted appreciating these issues in an Asian setting.
Religion, Hybrid Forms, and Cultural Chauvinism in Japan
Authors: Dessì Ugo 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This article analyzes a few selected case studies from different religious traditions in contemporary Japan to illustrate, first, the active role played by religion in Japan in the creation of hybrid forms and, secondly, the potentiality in two instances to promote cultural chauvinism. The topics explored here are Japanese Buddhism and the issue of human rights, Shintō’s self-representation as a ‘religion of the forest,’ and Kōfuku no Kagaku’s adoption of Theosophical themes. The discourse of human rights found in traditions such as Jōdo Shinshū, Jōdoshū, and Sōtōshū shows how this western idea is made to resonate with religious concepts from the Buddhist tradition, thus making possible a reshaping of local religious identities. While in this case the catalyst in the process is provided by an external source, the recent reshaping of Shintō as a ‘religion of the forest’ may be characterized as a glocalization leaning to ‘native’ sources, in which the ‘native’ religious tradition is subject to a creative reading following the worldwide growing awareness of ecology. Here a tendency to emphasize the superiority of the ‘native’ culture may also be noticed. However, as the case of Kōfuku no Kagaku’s adoption of various Theosophical themes illustrates, also glocalization leaning to external sources may be accompanied by forms of cultural chauvinism.
The Chinese Legionaries at the Western Frontier: The Military Role of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, 1960-1975
Authors: Cai Yuan 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) is an important paramilitary organization in Xinjiang with the mandate of checking the Uyghur independence movement. However, in the past the XPCC also played an important military role as a strategic reserve force for the defence of Xinjiang, especially during the period of Sino-Soviet confrontation. This paper examines available documentary and archival materials on the national defence role played by the XPCC during the height of the Sino-Soviet split, especially with reference to the XPCC militia and frontier farms.
Dilute nitride and GaAs n-i-p-i solar cells
Authors: Mazzucato Simone , Royall Benjamin , Ketlhwaafetse Richard , Balkan Naci , Salmi Joel , Puustinen Janne , Guina Mircea , Smith Andy , Gwilliam Russell 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We demonstrate for the first time the operation of GaInNAs and GaAs n-i-p-i doping solar cells with ion-implanted selective contacts. Multiple layers of alternate doping are grown by molecular beam epitaxy to form the n-i-p-i structure. After growth, vertical selective contacts are fabricated by Mg and Si ion implantation, followed by rapid thermal annealing treatment and fabrication into circular mesa cells. As means of characterisation, spectral response and illuminated current–voltage (I-V) were measured on the samples. The spectral response suggests that all horizontal layers are able to contribute to the photocurrent. Performance of the devices is discussed with interest in the n-i-p-i structure as a possible design for the GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs tandem solar cell.
Unique and Universal Barriers: Hospice Care for Aging Adults with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Friedman Sandra L. , Helm David T. , Woodman Ashley C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAs life expectancy of people with intellectual disability (ID) has increased, there has been a concurrent increase in age-related illnesses and conditions similar to that of the general population. These circumstances result in people with ID dying from typical life-ending conditions, and thus, they require similar end-of-life services such as palliative and hospice care. Although there are notable barriers to hospice for all, people with ID face additional challenges in accessing the benefits of these services. This article presents a review of the literature on these issues, underscoring the multiple challenges and the importance of a more collaborative approach between hospice and palliative care workers with people with ID, their families, and other important stakeholders.
Radical intermediates of low temperature radiolysis of di-tert-butylcyclohexano-18-crown-6/1-octanol extractant
Authors: Zakurdaeva O. A. , Nesterov S. V. , Feldman V. I. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntermediates of low temperature (77 K) X-rays radiolysis of 1-octanol and di-tert-butylcyclohexano-18-crown-6 solutions in 1-octanol were studied by ESR spectroscopy. Hydroxyalkyl CH3(CH2)6C•HOH and interior-type alkyl R1C•HR2OH radicals were found to be main paramagnetic products stabilized in 1-octanol irradiated at 77 K. In addition to abovementioned radicals, macrocyclic –O–CH2–C•H– and acyclic –C•H–C(H)=O radicals produced from crown ether were identified in irradiated 1.0 M DtBuCH18C6 solution in octanol. No deviation in radiation-chemical yield of the stabilized acyclic radicals from the value expected in accord with “additive” rule was observed in the latter case. It was supposed that macrocycle cleavage in DtBuCH18C6 occurred at early stages of radiolysis rather than in secondary radical reactions between products of 1-octanol radiolysis and crown ether. Meanwhile, alkyl radicals formed from 1-octanol can react with crown ether, resulting in formation of macrocyclic products of radiolysis.
Speciation of Am(III)/Eu(III) sorbed on γ-alumina: effect of metal ion concentration
Authors: Kumar S. , Godbole S. V. , Tomar B. S. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The present paper describes the speciation of Am(III)/Eu(III) sorbed on γ-alumina, and its evolution with changing metal ion concentration, studied using batch sorption experiment, time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and surface Complexation modeling (SCM). Though numerous studies exist in the literature on the speciation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides on alumina surface, the mechanism of sorption at high metal ion concentrations is not yet fully understood. Batch sorption experiments of Am(III) on γ-alumina under varying condition of pH (3–10), ionic strength (0.005–0.1 M NaClO4) and metal ion concentration (10−7–10−4 M) were performed. Higher metal ion concentration was achieved by the addition of Eu(III) considering it as an analogue of Am(III). Time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS) study of Eu(III) sorbed on γ-alumina at the metal ion concentration of 5.0 × 10−5 M was carried out over pH 4 to 7. TRFS showed the presence of two surface species, with distinctly different fluorescence decay life times. The shorter lifetime value and its changing pattern with pH indicate the surface species corresponding to this component to be monodentate species >AlOAm2+ and its hydrolyzed forms. The sorbed Eu3+ species corresponding to the longer lifetime value has 2–3 water molecules in its first coordination sphere and is multidentate in its binding on alumina surface. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurement of Eu:γ-Al2O3 sorption systems at pH 6.18 and 7.15 corroborate the existence of two surface complexes. Further it suggests the edge sharing bidentate binding of Eu on AlO6 octahedra as the co-ordination mode of the higher lifetime component. Surface Complexation Modeling (SCM) of Am(III)/Eu(III) sorption onto γ-alumina at pH ≤ 7 has been carried out using these two surface species. 2-pK surface complexation modeling coupled with constant capacitance model for surface charge, revealed monodentate surface speciation as the predominant species at 10−7–10−6 M, while at 10−5 M, above pH 5.5, bidentate surface species starts to compete with monodentate speciation, and becomes the predominant surface species of Am(III)/Eu(III) on alumina surface at 10−4 M.
The Relationship Between Long-Range Chromatin Occupancy and Polymerization of theDrosophilaETS Family Transcriptional Repressor Yan
Authors: Webber Jemma L , Zhang Jie , Cote Lauren , Vivekanand Pavithra , Ni Xiaochun , Zhou Jie , Nègre Nicolas , Carthew Richard W , White Kevin P , Rebay Ilaria 
Published: November 2012

AbstractETS family transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved downstream effectors of Ras/MAPK signaling with critical roles in development and cancer. In Drosophila, the ETS repressor Yan regulates cell proliferation and differentiation in a variety of tissues; however, the mechanisms of Yan-mediated repression are not well understood and only a few direct target genes have been identified. Yan, like its human ortholog TEL1, self-associates through an N-terminal sterile α-motif (SAM), leading to speculation that Yan/TEL1 polymers may spread along chromatin to form large repressive domains. To test this hypothesis, we created a monomeric form of Yan by recombineering a point mutation that blocks SAM-mediated self-association into the yan genomic locus and compared its genome-wide chromatin occupancy profile to that of endogenous wild-type Yan. Consistent with the spreading model predictions, wild-type Yan-bound regions span multiple kilobases. Extended occupancy patterns appear most prominent at genes encoding crucial developmental regulators and signaling molecules and are highly conserved between Drosophila melanogaster and D. virilis, suggesting functional relevance. Surprisingly, although occupancy is reduced, the Yan monomer still makes extensive multikilobase contacts with chromatin, with an overall pattern similar to that of wild-type Yan. Despite its near-normal chromatin recruitment, the repressive function of the Yan monomer is significantly impaired, as evidenced by elevated target gene expression and failure to rescue a yan null mutation. Together our data argue that SAM-mediated polymerization contributes to the functional output of the active Yan repressive complexes that assemble across extended stretches of chromatin, but does not directly mediate recruitment to DNA or chromatin spreading.
Transposing from the Laboratory to the Classroom to Generate Authentic Research Experiences for Undergraduates
Authors: Burnette James M , Wessler Susan R 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Large lecture classes and standardized laboratory exercises are characteristic of introductory biology courses. Previous research has found that these courses do not adequately convey the process of scientific research and the excitement of discovery. Here we propose a model that provides beginning biology students with an inquiry-based, active learning laboratory experience. The Dynamic Genome course replicates a modern research laboratory focused on eukaryotic transposable elements where beginning undergraduates learn key genetics concepts, experimental design, and molecular biological skills. Here we report on two key features of the course, a didactic module and the capstone original research project. The module is a modified version of a published experiment where students experience how virtual transposable elements from rice (Oryza sativa) are assayed for function in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. As part of the module, students analyze the phenotypes and genotypes of transgenic plants to determine the requirements for transposition. After mastering the skills and concepts, students participate in an authentic research project where they use computational analysis and PCR to detect transposable element insertion site polymorphism in a panel of diverse maize strains. As a consequence of their engagement in this course, students report large gains in their ability to understand the nature of research and demonstrate that they can apply that knowledge to independent research projects.
Smoking Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Contrasting With Increased Risk in Overweight Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rasouli Bahareh , Grill Valdemar , Midthjell Kristian , Ahlbom Anders , Andersson Tomas , Carlsson Sofia 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between smoking habits and risk of autoimmune diabetes in adults and of type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used data from the three surveys of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, spanning 1984–2008 and including a cohort of 90,819 Norwegian men (48%) and women (52%) aged ≥20 years. Incident cases of diabetes were identified by questionnaire and classified as type 2 diabetes (n = 1,860) and autoimmune diabetes (n = 140) based on antibodies to glutamic decarboxylase (GADA) and age at onset of diabetes. Hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for confounders were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression models.

RESULTS
The risk of autoimmune diabetes was reduced by 48% (HR 0.52 [95% CI 0.30–0.89]) in current smokers and 58% in heavy smokers (0.42 [0.18–0.98]). The reduced risk was positively associated with number of pack-years. Heavy smoking was associated with lower levels of GADA (P = 0.001) and higher levels of C-peptide (964 vs. 886 pmol/L; P = 0.03). In contrast, smoking was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, restricted to overweight men (1.33 [1.10–1.61]). Attributable proportion due to an interaction between overweight and heavy smoking was estimated to 0.40 (95% CI 0.23–0.57).

CONCLUSIONS
In this epidemiological study, smoking is associated with a reduced risk of autoimmune diabetes, possibly linked to an inhibitory effect on the autoimmune process. An increased risk of type 2 diabetes was restricted to overweight men.
Sex Differences in the Association Between Serum Ferritin and Fasting Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Among South Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, and Ethnic Dutch
Authors: Dekker Louise H. , Nicolaou Mary , van der A Daphne L. , Busschers Wim B. , Brewster Lizzy M. , Snijder Marieke B. , Stronks Karien , van Valkengoed Irene G.M. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
Moderately elevated iron stores below the levels commonly associated with hemochromatosis have been implicated in the etiology of diabetes. Studies suggest that iron status (measured by serum ferritin) differs significantly according to sex, but inconsistent findings have been reported. Our aim is to test the association between serum ferritin and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose concentrations in a population-based, multiethnic, cross-sectional study including men and women of African Surinamese, South Asian Surinamese, and ethnic Dutch origin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed data on 508 ethnic Dutch, 597 African Surinamese, and 339 South Asian Surinamese aged 35–60 years. Type 2 diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose level ≥7.0 mmol/L or a self-reported diagnosis.

RESULTS
Serum ferritin was positively associated with type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose, but differences in the associations according to sex were observed. Serum ferritin concentration was positively associated with type 2 diabetes among women in all ethnic groups (odds ratio [OR] ethnic Dutch: 1.07 [95% CI 1.01–1.13]; OR South Asian Surinamese: 1.05 [1.00–1.10]; OR African Surinamese: 1.05 [1.01–1.10]), but not among men. Serum ferritin was also more strongly associated with fasting glucose in women than in men. Moreover, the magnitude of sex differences in the association between serum ferritin and fasting glucose, but not type 2 diabetes, was more pronounced in the African Surinamese group than in the other ethnic groups (P for interaction ≤0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
We found a positive association between serum ferritin and type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose in our multiethnic population, which appeared stronger among women than men. Further evaluation of the variation in sex differences between ethnic groups is warranted, particularly among the African Surinamese, to understand the mechanisms behind these sex differences.
Translational strategies in peripheral neuroinflammation and neurovascular repair
Authors: Ubogu Eroboghene 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Current therapies for immune-mediated inflammatory disorders in peripheral nerves are non-specific, and partly efficacious. Peripheral nerve regeneration following axonal degeneration or injury is suboptimal, with current therapies focused on modulating the underlying etiology and treating the consequences, such as neuropathic pain and weakness. Despite significant advances in understanding mechanisms of peripheral nerve inflammation, as well as axonal degeneration and regeneration, there has been limited translation into effective new drugs for these disorders. A major limitation in the field has been the unavailability of reliable disease models or research tools that mimic some key essential features of these human conditions. A relatively overlooked aspect of peripheral nerve regeneration has been neurovascular repair required to restore the homeostatic microenvironment necessary for normal function. Using Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) as examples of human acute and chronic immune-mediated peripheral neuroinflammatory disorders respectively, we have performed detailed studies in representative mouse models to demonstrate essential features of the human disorders. These models are important tools to develop and test treatment strategies using realistic outcomes measures applicable to affected patients. In vitro models of the human blood-nerve barrier using endothelial cells derived by endoneurial microvessels provide insights into pro-inflammatory leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions relevant to peripheral neuroinflammation, as well as potential mediators and signaling pathways required for vascular proliferation, angiogenesis, remodeling and tight junction specialization necessary to restore peripheral nerve function following injury. This review discusses some of the progress being made in translational peripheral neurobiology and some future
Responses to violence in some lament Psalms of the individual
Authors: Firth D.G. 
Published: November 2012

Responses to violence in some lament Psalms of the individual Lament psalms of the individual that reflect a motif of violence are here examined so as to determine whether or not the editors of the Psalter had a pattern of instruction that they wished to inculcate with respect to the experience of violence. An examination of prayers of the accused and prayers of sickness as sub-groups within the Gattung indicates the presence of such a pattern, and suggests that the editors wished to model a pattern that rejects the right of human retribution. This pattern needs to be tested further through an examination of a third sub-group, the prayers for protection.
Psalm 47: Partikularisme en universalisme. Jahwe is ons ons koning én koning oor die hele aarde
Authors: Prinsloo W.S. 
Published: November 2012

Psalm 47: Particularism and universalism. Jahwe is our king and king of all the earth In this article, Psalm 47 is considered from a text immanent perspective and particular attention is given to the morphological, syntactical, stylistic and semantic facets of the psalm. Although problems of interpretation experienced in respect of Psalm 47 are the same as those for the so-called enthronement psalms, this article concentrates mainly on those research problems that are peculiar to this psalm. Psalm 47 is a hymn comprising of two parallel strophes (w. 2-6 and 7-10). The reason for the exhortations to praise is the fact that in his deeds of salvation towards Israel, Yahweh has also proved himself to be the mighty, universal king. Psalm 47 probably dates from the exilic or post-exilic period.
Moet ons die Belydenis van belhar (1986) as 'n nuwe Belydenisskrif aanvaar?
Authors: Van Niekerk A.C.J. 
Published: November 2012

Can we accept the Confession of Belhar (1986) as a new doctrinal confession? The possibility exists that the Dutch Refonned Church (DRC) could stop the process of church unity in its own family due to its refusal to accept The Confession 1986 (Confession of Belhar) as afourth refonned confession. In this article the question of acceptance is examined from four perspectives and it is concluded that it should be accepted if the DRC wants to gain credibility. First the nature, characteristics and history of confessions oblige the Church in difficult situations to adopt new confessions. Secondly the history of the DRC and its family makes it imperative to overcome the gulf between believers from the same tradition through the "language of confession". Thirdly the main contents of the confession is biblically sound while absolutism of different kinds is avoided. Lastly it is argued that the confession satisfies the requirement for both contextual relevance and universal applicability.
Perspektiewe vanuit die psigologie en sosiale wetenskappe vir kerklike bediening aan die adolossent. Deel 2: Ondersoek na die leefwêreld van die adolessent
Authors: Erasmus J A , De Klerk B J 
Published: November 2012

In this article meta-theoretical perspectives for youth ministry are obtained specifically from the fields of psychology and sociology. In the first place, the various psychological development phases of the adolescent are determined, as well as how they have to be accounted for in youth ministry. In the second place, the characteristics of the world in which the adolescent lives are indicated together with their influence on the adolescents.