bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A contribution to understanding the influence of concrete cracking on timber concrete composite bridge beams
Authors: Schanack Frank , Ramos Óscar Ramón , Osman Juan Pablo , Oyarzún Pablo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDespite of widely implemented advances in TCC bridge technology, there are still no satisfying design recommendations that consider the influence of concrete cracking on the distribution of forces and deformation. A research project at Universidad Austral de Chile studied several aspects of concrete cracking in TCC bridges with timber beams of greater depth than width using elastic dowel‐type shear connectors. One of the results of concrete cracking is a reduction of the slip modulus of the connectors. This weakening was simulated in shear tests by a small gap between the timber and the concrete. A test calibrated FEM model was used for a parametric study of 120 different cases, most of which did not show concrete cracking. Where concrete cracking occurred, it caused an increase in the timber tensile stresses and beam deflection of up to 20 %. We conclude that concrete cracking occurs when the timber‐concrete depth ratio is less than four times the cubic root of the effective flange width of the concrete slab.Beitrag zur Berücksichtigung des Einflusses der Rissbildung im Beton in Holz‐Beton‐VerbundbrückenTrotz des hohen Entwicklungsstands der Holzverbundbrückentechnologie, fehlen ausreichende Entwurfsgrundlagen für die Berücksichtigung des Einflusses der Rissbildung auf die Schnittkraft‐ und Verformungsverteilung. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts an der Universidad Austral de Chile werden verschieden Aspekte der Rissbildung in Holzverbundbrücken mit Holzbalken mit größerer Höhe als Breite und elastischen stiftförmigen Verbindungsmitteln untersucht. Dabei wurde festgestellt, dass sich die Rissbildung auf den Schubmodul del Verbindungsmittel auswirkt. Dieser Einfluss wurde in Scherversuchen durch einen kleinen Spalt zwischen Holz und Beton simuliert. Anhand eines mit Versuchen kalibrierten FEM‐Modells wurden eine Parameterstudie mit 120 verschieden Fälle durchgeführt. In den meisten Fällen tritt keine Rissbildung auf. Wenn es zu Rissbildung kommt, vergrössern sich die Holzzugspannungen und die Durchbiegung um bis zu 20 %. Wir stellen fest, dass Rissbildung auftritt, wenn das Bauhöhenverhältniss von Holz und Beton kleiner als die vierfache Kubikwurzel der mitwirkenden Plattenbreite der Betonplatte ist.
Erfurt – Brücken der Gründerzeit
Authors: Vockrodt Hans‐Jörg 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBetrachtet man die städtebauliche Entwicklung der Stadt Erfurt in der Gründerzeit, so stehen oftmals nur die Architektur und die künstlerische Intension ihrer Schöpfer im Vordergrund. Die bautechnische Leistung der Ingenieure jener Zeit, die auf natur‐ und technikwissenschaftlicher Grundlage planten, entwarfen, konstruierten und berechneten, bleibt im Hintergrund. Dieser Beitrag soll daher die Erfurter Brücken der Gründerzeit und die Ingenieure, die sie erschufen, würdigen.Erfurt – Bridges of the 19th CenturyIf we examine the town planning development of the City of Erfurt during Germany's period of expansion in the 19th century, we often focus solely on the architecture and the artistic intentions of its creators. The structural achievements of the engineers of that time, who planned, designed, built and calculated on a scientific and technical basis, are often ignored. This article therefore aims to pay tribute to the Erfurt bridges of this part of the 19th century and the engineers who created them.
Die neue Allerbrücke bei Verden
Authors: Keil Andreas , Fackler Thomas , Steigerwald Tobias 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEin innovativer Brückenneubau ersetzt auf der zweigleisigen DB‐Strecke Wunstorf‐Bremerhaven das mittlerweile stark geschädigte Bestandsbauwerk und fügt sich harmonisch in den Landschaftsraum der Allerniederung. Die durchlaufende schlanke Trogbrücke überzeugt durch materialgerechte, entsprechend dem Momentenverlauf gewellte Stege aus Stahl, die beidseits an die orthotrope Stahlfahrbahnplatte angeschlossen sind. Fächerförmig sind die Steifen der Stege im Bereich der Hauptspannweite über der Aller dem Kraftfluss folgend angeordnet. Im Vorlandbereich sind zur Harmonisierung eine konstante Höhe der außen liegenden Stahlträger sowie rein vertikale Stegsteifen vorgesehen. Der Brückenüberbau ist über Lager auf die schlanken Pfeilerscheiben und die Widerlager abgesetzt, der Festpunkt in Brückenlängsrichtung befindet sich auf dem nördlichen Strompfeiler. Die neue Allerbrücke wird in paralleler Lage östlich des vorhandenen Brückenbauwerks ohne nennenswerte Beeinträchtigung des laufenden Bahnbetriebs errichtet. Das gewählte Taktschiebeverfahren ermöglicht eine vom Hochwasser unabhängige Herstellung, der Eingriff in die Umwelt wird dadurch minimiert.The new Allerbrücke near VerdenAn innovative new bridge along the dual track DB‐railroad line Wunstorf‐Bremerhaven replaces the already heavily damaged existing bridge. The new bridge inserts itself harmoniously into the surrounding country side. The continuous, slender trough bridge convinces through its appropriate material application and moment‐diagram formed webs, which are connected on both sides with the orthotropic steel deck. The stiffeners of the web in the region of the main span across the Aller are arranged in a fan‐shape, following the flow of forces. To harmonize the alignment of the approach ramp, the height of the outer steel girders remains constant and the arrangement of the web stiffeners is purely vertical. The bridge superstructure is supported by bearings on slender pier walls and abutments, where the fixed point in the longitudinal axis is located on the northern pier. The new Allerbrücke will be assembled in parallel position next to the existing bridge structure, without significant disruption to the running rail traffic. The chosen incremental launching method allows a manufacturing process that is largely independent from flood waters, which means only a minimal intervention in the environment.
Optimal control strategy for fed‐batch enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass based on epidemic modeling
Authors: Tai Chao , Keshwani Deepak R. , Voltan Diego S. , Kuhar Pankaj S. , Engel Aaron J. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA mathematical optimal control strategy for feeding operation was developed for fed‐batch enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute acid pretreated lignocellulosic biomass based on a modified epidemic model. Cellulose conversion was maximized and glucose concentration achieved highest possible value over a fixed hydrolysis time. Boundaries of feeding rate and lignin content were set for feasible controls. Using the optimal control feeding strategy, glucose concentration and accumulated cellulose conversion reached up to 77.31 g/L and 72.08% in 100 h, which are 108.76% and 37.50% higher than in batch hydrolysis with same amount of enzyme consumption. Solids content in feeding source has a significant interference on system mass transfer. Optimal control is a useful tool for guiding operations in fed‐batch and continuous processes as it enables process optimization through clear objective functions and feasible controls. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1376–1382. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cervical cancer screening with clinic‐based Pap test versus home HPV test among Somali immigrant women in Minnesota: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sewali Barrett , Okuyemi Kolawole S. , Askhir Asli , Belinson Jerome , Vogel Rachel I. , Joseph Anne , Ghebre Rahel G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCervical cancer is more common in the Somali immigrant population than the general population in the United States (US). There are low rates of cervical cancer screening among Somali women. This study compares cervical cancer screening test completion rates for a home human papilloma virus (HPV) test and standard clinic Pap test. Sixty‐three Somali immigrant women aged 30–70 years who had not undergone cervical cancer screening within the past 3 years were randomly assigned to a home HPV test group (intervention) or a clinic Pap test group (control). Test completion rates were measured at 3 months. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore factors associated with test completion (intention‐to‐treat analysis). Participants in the HPV test group were 14 times more likely to complete the test compared to those in the Pap test group (P = 0.0002). Women who reported having friends/family members to talk about cancer screening were approximately three times more likely to complete any screening test than those who did not (P = 0.127) and participants who reported residing in the US longer were more likely to complete a screening test (P = 0.011). Future research should explore the potential of using the home‐based HPV test kits as an initial approach to cervical cancer screening. Impact: The use of a self‐sampling HPV kit has the potential to increase cervical cancer screening in under‐served communities in the US.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Highly Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Aldehydes
Authors: Bonomo Lucia , Kermorvan Laurent , Dupau Philippe 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe use of a [(ethylenediamine)(dppe)Ru(OCOtBu)2] [dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane] complex under base‐free conditions allowed highly efficient and selective hydrogenation of aldehydes in the presence of ketones in addition to olefins. Even in the case of highly sensitive 1,6‐ketoaldehydes, the desired ketoalcohols were obtained in high yields with 94–99 % overall selectivity at complete aldehyde conversion with a TON up to 30 000. The lack of requirement for strong basic co‐catalysts and polar protic solvents also allowed efficient and highly chemoselective reduction of aldehydes bearing other functional groups, such as epoxides, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, and nitriles emphasizing the potential synthetic utility of the catalyst.
Structural and Theoretical Insights into the AIE Attributes of Phosphindole Oxide: The Balance Between Rigidity and Flexibility
Authors: Bu Fan , Wang Erjing , Peng Qian , Hu Rongrong , Qin Anjun , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMultiple intramolecular motions consume the excited‐state energy of luminogenic molecules upon photoexcitation and lower the emission efficiency. The low frequency rotational motion of aromatic rings can be facilely restricted by steric constraint in the condensed phase, but the high frequency bond stretching motion can hardly be suppressed by aggregation. In this work, three phosphorus‐containing heterocycles, 1,2,3,4,5‐pentaphenylphosphole‐1‐oxide (PPPO), 1,2,3‐triphenylphosphindole‐1‐oxide (TPPIO), and 1,2,3‐triphenylphosphindole (TPPI), were synthesized and characterized. Their optical properties, crystal‐packing manners, electronic features, and fluorescence dynamics were systematically investigated, and theoretical calculations were performed to decipher structure–property relationships. The results reveal that these luminogens are weak emitters in solutions but show strong emission in aggregates, exhibiting obvious aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) features. The aggregation‐insensitive stretching motion, which is dominant in PPPO, is lowered in TPPIO, enabling TPPIO to fluoresce much more efficiently than PPPO in aggregates. The stretching motion is even more lowered in TPPI, but its relatively planar conformation suffers emission quenching due to strong π–π stacking interactions in aggregates. Therefore, a twisted molecular conformation consisting of a rigid stator and a rotatable periphery is demonstrated to be a rational design for more efficient AIE luminogens.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Magnetic Study of Yb3+ in the Perovskites Sr2YbMO6 (M: Nb, Ta, Sb).
Authors: Coomer Fiona C. , Campbell John , Giordano Nico , Collins Oonagh M. , Cussen Edmund J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSr2YbNbO6, Sr2YbTaO6, and Sr2YbSbO6 are prepared by calcination of stoichiometric amounts of SrCO3, Yb2O3, and Nb, Ta, or Sb(V) oxides in air (1400 °C, 30 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrahigh Energy Density Realized by a Single‐Layer β‐Co(OH)2 All‐Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitor.
Authors: Gao Shan , Sun Yongfu , Lei Fengcai , Liang Liang , Liu Jiawei , Bi Wentuan , Pan Bicai , Xie Yi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLarge‐scale β‐Co(OH)2 single‐layers with five‐atomic‐layer‐thicknesses are prepared under ambient atmospheric conditions by injection of an aminoethanol solution into a CoCl2 solution under N2 (36 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Pb5Bi24Se41: A New Member of the Homologous Series Forming Topological Insulator Heterostructures.
Authors: Segawa Kouji , Taskin A. A. , Ando Yoichi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe title compound, which is the m = 4 member of the (PbSe)5(Bi2Se3)3m homologous series is synthesized from the elements (1173 K, 6 h, followed by slowly sweeping the temperature from 1023 to 923 K).
ChemInform Abstract: Chincona Alkaloid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Trifluoromethylthiolation of Oxindoles.
Authors: Yang Tao , Shen Qilong , Lu Long 
Published: February 2015

Abstractusing trifluoromethyl‐substituted thioperoxide as electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolating reagent
ChemInform Abstract: A Dual Arylboronic Acid—Aminothiourea Catalytic System for the Asymmetric Intramolecular Hetero‐Michael Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Azuma Takumi , Murata Akihiro , Kobayashi Yusuke , Inokuma Tsubasa , Takemoto Yoshiji 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFor the first time aminoboronic acids (such as BNP) are used as efficient catalysts for the direct intramolecular hetero‐Michael addition to α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids to give a wide variety of O‐ and N‐containing heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective α‐Chlorination of β‐Oxo Esters Catalyzed by Chiral Diterpenoid Alkaloid Derivatives.
Authors: Li Zhi , Yang Fan , Meng Qingwei , Gao Zhanxian 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA chiral diterpenoid easily accessible by N‐deethylation of lappaconitine is described as efficient organocatalyst for the enantioselective α‐chlorination of β‐oxo esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Difluoro(phenylsulfonimidoyl)methylation of Unactivated Alkyl Bromides with PhSO(NTBS)CF2H: Facile Entry into gem‐Difluoroalkenes.
Authors: Shen Xiao , Liu Qinghe , Ni Chuanfa , Hu Jinbo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe advantages of the method are: (1) unactivated alkyl bromides can serve as substrates; (2) only slight excess of alkyl bromides is necessary.
ChemInform Abstract: Deammoniative Condensation of Primary Allylic Amines with Nonallylic Amines.
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Manbo , Ma Xiantao , Liu Congrong , Gu Yonghong , Tian Shi‐Kai 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe first examples of an efficient deammoniative condensation of primary allylic amines with nonallylic amines are given.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Trifluoromethylthiosaccharin: An Easily Accessible, Shelf‐Stable, Broadly Applicable Trifluoromethylthiolating Reagent.
Authors: Xu Chunfa , Ma Bingqing , Shen Qilong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractN‐Trifluoromethylthiosaccharin (III) is a highly stable crystalline compound and a powerful trifluoromethylthiolating reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition of Keteniminium with Terminal Alkynes Toward Cyclobuteniminium and Their Use in Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Lumbroso Alexandre , Catak Saron , Sulzer‐Mosse Sarah , De Mesmaeker Alain 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCyclobutinium salts react with dienes to form bicyclic compounds with high regio‐ and stereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient “On Water” Catalyst‐Free Nucleophilic Addition Reactions Using Difluoroenoxysilanes: Dramatic Fluorine Effects.
Authors: Yu Jin‐Sheng , Liu Yun‐Lin , Tang Jing , Wang Xin , Zhou Jian 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIt is demonstrated that C—F and O—H interactions between fluorinated silanes and the hydrogen‐bond network at phase boundaries facilitates on water reactions with various carbonyl compounds and isatylidene malononitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Trifluoroacetate‐Promoted Mono‐Arylation of the β‐Methyl Group of Alanine at Room Temperature: Synthesis of β‐Arylated α‐Amino Acids Through Sequential C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Wang Bo , Nack William A. , He Gang , Zhang Shu‐Yu , Chen Gong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA procedure for the palladium‐catalyzed trifluoroacetate‐promoted mono‐arylation of the β‐methyl group of alanine at room temperature is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Transformation of Methylarenes into Aromatic Nitriles with Inorganic Metal‐Free Reagents.
Authors: Kawagoe Yuhsuke , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractStepwise oxidation of methylarenes with a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and concentrated HBr followed by oxidation with iodine in the presence of ammonia offers a facile synthesis of the corresponding nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: High Enantioselective Michael Addition of Malonates to β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Ketoesters Catalyzed by Bifunctional Thioureas.
Authors: Konda Swapna , Zhao John C.‐G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe use of a bifunctional quinidine thiourea catalyst (QUI) allows the synthesis of Michael addition products in excellent yields with high enantioselectivities up to 99% ee.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzil Derivatives via Oxidation of Alkynes Catalyzed by Pd—Fe3O4 Heterodimer Nanocrystals.
Authors: Byun Sangmoon , Chung Jooyoung , Lim Taehyun , Kwon Jungmin , Kim B. Moon 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe catalyst is magnetically recycled and reused with slightly decreasing activity after the fourth cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: New Methods for the Synthesis of Naphthyl Amines; Application to the Synthesis of Dihydrosanguinarine (IXa), Sanguinarine (X), Oxysanguinarine (IXb) and (.+‐.)‐Maclekarpines B (XI) and C (XII).
Authors: Tatton Matthew R. , Simpson Iain , Donohoe Timothy J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNatural products (IX)‐(XII) are synthesized from the common precursor (VIII), which requires the change of the general procedure to the use of ZnCl2 as a catalyst because the more vigorous acetic acidic method leads to the products in significantly lower yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Substituted β‐Lactones Through Oxidative Carbene Catalysis with LiCl as Cooperative Lewis Acid.
Authors: Bera Srikrishna , Samanta Ramesh C. , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe novel cascade reaction of enals with β‐diketones, β‐ketoesters, or malonates uses an NHC catalyst and a bisquinone oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of Bis‐azetidinones in the Presence of Zeolite.
Authors: Jetti Venkateshwarlu , Chidurala Praveen , Pagadala Ramakanth , Meshram Jyotsna S. , Ramakrishna Chowdam 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe title compounds (IV) are obtained by Staudinger reaction ([2+2] ketene‐imine cycloaddition reaction) under both conventional or ultrasound irradiation conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Azide Trapping of Metallocarbenes: Generation of Reactive C‐Acylimines and Domino Trapping with Nucleophiles.
Authors: Bott Tina M. , Atienza Bren Jordan , West F. G. West F. G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe reactive intermediate C‐acylimines are generated from azide‐tethered diazocarbonyl compounds under Cu catalyzed conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal [3 + 3] Cycloaddition of Indol‐2‐yl Carbinol with Azadiene and the Oxidative Ring Expansion Reaction for the Synthesis of Indole Azepinones.
Authors: Zhong Xue , Li You , Zhang Jing , Zhang Wu‐Xia , Wang Shi‐Xue , Han Fu‐She 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAn unprecedented [3 + 3] annulation of indol‐2‐yl carbinol (I) with azadiene (II) that allows for rapid construction of 6,5,6,6‐tetracyclic indoles bearing two quaternary carbon centers is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Access to 1H‐Indazoles Through Iodobenzene‐Catalyzed C—H Amination under Mild, Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Kashiwa Mitsuhiro , Sonoda Motohiro , Tanimori Shinji 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMultisubstituted 1H‐indazoles having an N‐aryl substituent are prepared by iodobenzene‐catalyzed oxidative intramolecular C‐H amination of hydrazones.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Proline Promoted Green and Regioselective Synthesis of a Novel Pyrazole Based Trifluoromethylated Fused Thiazolopyran Scaffold and Its Biological Evaluation.
Authors: Kalaria Piyush N. , Satasia Shailesh P. , Raval Dipak K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTitle compounds (V) are synthesized in high yields by a one‐pot four‐component tandem type reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution of Free Alcohols: An Enantioselective Approach to Chiral Chromans with Quaternary Stereocenters for the Synthesis of Vitamin E and Analogues.
Authors: Uria Uxue , Vila Carlos , Lin Ming‐Yuan , Rueping Magnus 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis new gold‐catalyzed intramolecular allylic alkylation reaction provides chiral chromans for the synthesis of α‐tocopherol [vitamin E (IVc)], γ‐tocopherol (IVe), and its analogs (VII), as well as trolox (VIII) and (S)‐LLU‐a (IX) via a following metathesis reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Unique Divergent Reactivity of Boc‐Protected Homopropargylic Alkoxyalkylamines in the Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Domino Catalytic Reactions: Application to the Formal Synthesis of (—)‐Pseudodistomin B.
Authors: Lee Ji Hyung , Jeong Wook , Rhee Young Ho 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTrisubstituted piperidines [(II), (III), and (V)] are formed from homopropargylic alkoxyamines by Au(I)‐catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl‐ and Alkyl‐Substituted 1‐(o‐Aminophenyl)‐2‐propyn‐1‐ones to the Corresponding 2‐Substituted 4‐Quinolones.
Authors: Seppaenen Otto , Muuronen Mikko , Helaja Juho 
Published: February 2015

Abstract2‐Substituted 4‐quinolines are readily achieved by cyclization of aniline‐2‐propynones (I) in the presence of the cationic Au(I)‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Formation of Cyano‐Bearing All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters: Desymmetrization by Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation.
Authors: Zhou Fengtao , Cheng Gui‐Juan , Yang Wenqiang , Long Yan , Zhang Shasha , Wu Yun‐Dong , Zhang Xinhao , Cai Qian 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe cyano group at the prochiral center plays a key role for the high enantioselectivity of the copper‐catalyzed intramolecular N‐arylation reactions to give tetrahydroquinoline and tetrahydrobenzoazepine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Methylimidazole Promotes the Reaction of Homophthalic Anhydride with Imines.
Authors: Liu Jian , Wang Zheng , Levin Aaron , Emge Thomas J. , Rablen Paul R. , Floyd David M. , Knapp Spencer 
Published: February 2015

AbstractN‐Methylimidazole is an efficient additive in the formal cycloaddition of aldimines with homophthalic anhydride to improve yields as well as the regioselectivity with regard to cyclization over elimination.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heterocycles via Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Activation/Cyclization of Diazonium Salts. Part 3. Phenanthridin‐6‐(5H)‐ones.
Authors: Du Zhen‐Ting , Han Pan , Zhou Jing , Zhang Cong‐Cong , Chen Ke 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOptimum reactions are examined for the synthesis of 17 phenanthridin‐6‐(5H)‐ones (II) by palladium‐catalyzed cyclization of diazonium salts (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines via the Pictet—Spengler Reaction in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP).
Authors: Wang Li‐Na , Shen Su‐Li , Qu Jin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHexafluoro‐2‐propanol acts as both the solvent and the catalyst to promote the title reaction between tryptamine derivatives [(I) or (VI)] or tyramine derivative (IX), resp., and aldehydes (II) or ketones (IV), respectively.