bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Results of a 2-Year Randomized Trial of a Worksite Weight Management Intervention
Authors: Williams Andrew E. , Stevens Victor J. , Albright Cheryl L. , Nigg Claudio R. , Meenan Richard T. , Vogt Thomas M. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose. We assessed the effectiveness of a worksite management intervention (the 3W program) for overweight and obese hotel employees. Design. The program was tested in a 2-year cluster-randomized trial involving 30 hotels that employed nearly 12,000 individuals. Setting. All participating hotels were on Oahu, Hawaii. The intervention was implemented within hotel worksites. Subjects. Participants were included in the analysis if they had an initial body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25, were assessed at least twice, were not missing other data needed for the analysis, and did not switch to employment at a hotel in a different experimental condition. Of the 6519 employees we assessed, data from 1207 individuals (intervention: 598; control: 610) met these criteria and contributed to the analysis. Intervention. The intervention had two components: (1) group meetings and (2) a workplace environment intervention. Measures. Weight and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were measured at three annual assessments. Analysis. The effect of the intervention on change in BMI and WHtR was estimated in hierarchical mixed regression models using full maximum likelihood to estimate model parameters. Results. The effects on change in BMI and WHtR were in the expected direction but were not statistically significant. Conclusion. The 3W program was not effective. The low intensity of the intervention may have contributed to its ineffectiveness.
A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of a Nutrition Intervention Program in a Multiethnic Adult Population in the Corporate Setting Reduces Depression and Anxiety and Improves Quality of Life: The GEICO Study
Authors: Agarwal Ulka , Mishra Suruchi , Xu Jia , Levin Susan , Gonzales Joseph , Barnard Neal D. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose. To determine whether a plant-based nutrition program in a multicenter, corporate setting improves depression, anxiety, and productivity. Design. A quasi-experimental study examined the impact of diet on emotional well-being and productivity. Setting. The study was conducted in 10 corporate sites of a major U.S. insurance company. Subjects. There were 292 participants (79.8% women, 20.2% men), with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 and/or previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Intervention. Either weekly instruction in following a vegan diet or no instruction was given for 18 weeks. Measures. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Short Form-36 questionnaire. Work productivity was measured using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire. Analysis. Baseline characteristics were examined by t-test for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables. Analysis of covariance models were adjusted for baseline covariates. Paired t-tests were used to determine within-group changes and t-tests for between-group differences. Results. In an intention-to-treat analysis, improvements in impairment because of health (p < .001), overall work impairment because of health (p = .02), non-work-related activity impairment because of health (p < .001), depression (p = .02), anxiety (p = .04), fatigue (p < .001), emotional well-being (p = .01), daily functioning because of physical health (p = .01), and general health (p = 0.02) in the intervention group were significantly greater than in the control group. Results were similar for study completers. Conclusion. A dietary intervention improves depression, anxiety, and productivity in a multicenter, corporate setting.
Experimental determination of L X-ray fluorescence cross sections for elements with 45 < Z < 50 at 10 keV
Authors: Bonzi Edgardo , Grad Gabriela , Barrea Raúl 
Published: February 2014

Synchrotron radiation at 10 keV was used to experimentally determine the Ll, L, LI, LII, LI and LII fluorescence cross sections for elements with 45 < Z < 50, as part of an ongoing investigation at low energies. The measured data were compared with calculated values obtained using coefficients from Scofield, Krause and Puri et al.Received: 19 December 2013, Accepted: 20 January 2014; Reviewed by: J. P. Marques, Departamento de Física, Centro de Física Atómica, Fac. de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.; Edited by: P. Weck; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060001Cite as: E V Bonzi, G B Grad, R A Barrea, Papers in Physics 6, 060001 (2014)
Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Therapy for Vascularized Pigment Epithelium Detachment in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Giansanti Fabrizio , Bacherini Daniela , Giacomelli Giovanni , Virgili Gianni , Finocchio Lucia , Fiore Tito , Vannozzi Lorenzo , Menchini Ugo 
Published: February 2014

Purpose To assess the efficacy of intravitreal anti—vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment of vascularized pigment epithelial detachment (PED) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods A total of 26 patients with vascularized PED secondary to AMD were retrospectively analyzed and treated with anti-VEGF intravitreal injections according to a PRN regimen after 3 initial injections. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography were performed at baseline and quarterly. Results Mean follow-up ranged from 9 to 26 months (mean 13.5). There was a deterioration in mean BCVA from 0.46 at baseline to 0.79 logMAR at 12 months (p<0.001). The mean PED greatest linear diameter (GLD) increased from 4499 at baseline to 5206 μm at 1-year follow-up (p<0.001). The mean PED maximum height decreased from 669 μm at baseline to 305 μm at 1-year follow-up (p = 0.001). The mean central retinal thickness (CRT) was unchanged (from 277 to 209 μm at 1 year follow-up) (p = 0.099). No effect was seen on the change of VA according to groups of baseline predictors as defined by the medial value: baseline VA, PED height, and CRT (p>0.10). There was a borderline trend (p = 0.064) that GLD affected response to treatment. The mean number of injections was 5.5 (3 to 9). Seven out of 26 (27%) patients developed a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear. Conclusions Intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy, with a PRN regimen, did not prevent visual acuity loss or RPE tear.
Effect of EMIC waves on relativistic and ultrarelativistic electron populations: Ground‐based and Van Allen Probes observations
Authors: Usanova M. E. , Drozdov A. , Orlova K. , Mann I. R. , Shprits Y. , Robertson M. T. , Turner D. L. , Milling D. K. , Kale A. , Baker D. N. , Thaller S. A. , Reeves G. D. , Spence H. E. , Kletzing C. , Wygant J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe study the effect of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves on the loss and pitch angle scattering of relativistic and ultrarelativistic electrons during the recovery phase of a moderate geomagnetic storm on 11 October 2012. The EMIC wave activity was observed in situ on the Van Allen Probes and conjugately on the ground across the Canadian Array for Real‐time Investigations of Magnetic Activity throughout an extended 18 h interval. However, neither enhanced precipitation of >0.7 MeV electrons nor reductions in Van Allen Probe 90° pitch angle ultrarelativistic electron flux were observed. Computed radiation belt electron pitch angle diffusion rates demonstrate that rapid pitch angle diffusion is confined to low pitch angles and cannot reach 90°. For the first time, from both observational and modeling perspectives, we show evidence of EMIC waves triggering ultrarelativistic (~2–8 MeV) electron loss but which is confined to pitch angles below around 45° and not affecting the core distribution.
Ionospheric feedback instability and active discrete auroral forms
Authors: Jia N. , Streltsov A. V. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe present results from time‐dependent, three‐dimensional numerical simulations of ULF Alfvén waves generated by the ionospheric feedback instability at high latitudes. The goal of this study is to understand physical mechanisms responsible for the formation of active discrete auroral forms (curls and folds) typically observed during the substorm onset. Our simulations demonstrate that active feedback of the auroral ionosphere on magnetic field‐aligned currents carried by ULF Alfvén waves can explain wide variety of auroral structures. The main reason for this variety is a susceptibility of the electrodynamics of the coupled magnetosphere‐ionosphere system to parameters of the electric field and plasma in the ionosphere and magnetosphere of the Earth. Due to the highly nonlinear character of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere interactions, different combinations of these parameters lead to different spatial and temporal behavior of the magnetic field‐aligned currents producing aurora. One of the main conclusions from our study is that the ionosphere is responsible for the formation of small‐scale curls and folds in the discrete aurora and for the intensification of magnetic field‐aligned currents, observed during substorms. The results from our 3‐D simulations are applied for the explanation of structure of discrete auroral arcs observed during the 29 October 2013 substorm at Fort Yukon, Alaska.
Classifying Asian dust aerosols and their columnar optical properties using fuzzy clustering
Authors: Wu Lin , Zeng Qing‐Cun 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe Gustafson‐Kessel fuzzy clustering algorithm is used to classify Asian dust aerosols from Aerosol Robotic Network inversions, and properties within different membership degree intervals are analyzed. Five typical Asian dust sites are selected for source data. Based on dust aerosol physics, seven key parameters are selected as clustering inputs. The two clusters, dust and nondust, are then divided by a membership degree threshold of 0.5 on a scale of 0 to 1. The membership degree denotes the level of confidence that a record belongs to a cluster. The degree of mixing is denoted by diminishing membership values; e.g., the classified dust aerosol associated with higher membership degree denotes the purer dust. The two‐dimensional principle component projections, together with the properties of the clusters, show the capability of fuzzy clustering to classify a pure aerosol type based on a membership degree. Then the detailed dust properties within different membership degree intervals are analyzed. The results show that both the optical properties and volume size distributions vary significantly with membership degrees and range diversities can be reduced within each interval. The proposed method can also be used to determine weights in an aerosol fitting model to improve the parameterization. The method is most suited to air masses with multicomponent aerosol mixtures and can easily be extended to other types of aerosols.
Predictors of New‐Onset Widespread Pain in Older Adults: Results From a Population‐Based Prospective Cohort Study in the UK
Authors: McBeth John , Lacey Rosie J. , Wilkie Ross 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveIn older adults, widespread pain (WP) is common, although its etiology is unclear. This study sought to identify factors associated with an increased risk of developing WP in adults age ≥50 years.MethodsA population‐based prospective study was conducted. A baseline questionnaire was administered to subjects to collect data on pain, psychological status, lifestyle and health behaviors, and sociodemographic and clinical factors. Participants free of WP (as defined by the American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for fibromyalgia) were followed up for 3 years, and those with new‐onset WP at followup were identified. Logistic regression analyses were used to test the relationship between baseline factors and new‐onset WP. Multiple imputation was used to test the results for sensitivity to missing data.ResultsIn this population‐based study, 4,326 subjects (1,562 reporting no pain at baseline and 2,764 reporting some pain at baseline) participated at followup. Of these participants, 800 (18.5%) reported a status of new WP at followup (of whom, 121 [7.7%] had reported no pain at baseline and 679 [24.6%] had reported some pain at baseline). The majority of the study factors were associated with new‐onset WP. However, only a few factors showed a persistent association with new‐onset WP in the multivariate analysis, including age (odds ratio [OR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.96–0.99), baseline pain status (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.08–1.2), anxiety (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.01–2.1), physical health‐related quality of life (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.5), cognitive complaint (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.04–1.6), and nonrestorative sleep (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–2.8). These associations persisted after adjustment for the presence of diffuse osteoarthritis (OA), which led to a modest increase in model fit (C‐statistic 0.738, compared with 0.731 in the model excluding diffuse OA). The results were not sensitive to missing data.ConclusionOf the factors measured in this study, nonrestorative sleep was the strongest independent predictor of new‐onset WP.
Structural elucidation of rat biliary metabolites of corynoxeine and their quantification using LC‐MSn
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Xinmei , Chen Yaping , Hattori Masao 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTCorynoxeine (COR) is one of 4 bioactive oxindole alkaloids in Uncaria species. In this work two phase I metabolites, namely 11‐hydroxycorynoxeine (M1) and 10‐hydroxycorynoxeine (M2), and two phase II metabolites, namely 11‐hydroxycorynoxeine 11‐O‐β‐d‐glucuronide (M3) and 10‐hydroxycorynoxeine 10‐O‐β‐d‐glucuronide (M4), were detected in rat bile after oral dose of COR (0.105 mmol/kg), by optimized high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MSn) with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. Structures of M1–4 were determined by LC‐MSn, nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism and high‐resolution MS spectra. COR and its metabolites in rat bile were quantified by LC‐MSn. The LC‐MSn quantification methods for COR and its metabolites yielded a linearity with coefficient of determination ≥0.995 from 5.0 × 10−10 to 5.0 × 10−7 m. The recoveries of stability tests varied from 96.80 to 103.10%. Accuracy ranged from 91.00 to 105.20%. Relative standard deviation for intra‐day and inter‐day assay was <5.0%. After the oral dose 0.14% of COR was detected in rat bile from 0 to 8 h, in which in total 97.8% COR biotransformed into M1–4. M1 and M2 yielded 48.1 and 49.7%, which successively glucuronidated to M3 and M4 at 47.2 and 43.8%, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First use of 18F‐labeled ML‐10 PET to assess apoptosis change in a newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme patient before and early after therapy
Authors: Oborski Matthew J. , Laymon Charles M. , Lieberman Frank S. , Drappatz Jan , Hamilton Ronald L. , Mountz James M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe authors present the first use of the novel positron emission tomography (PET) apoptosis tracer 18F‐labeled 2‐(5‐fluoro‐pentyl)‐2‐methyl‐malonic acid (18F‐ML‐10) for early‐therapy response assessment of a newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patient.Case reportA 71‐year‐old male with a newly diagnosed GBM received 18F‐ML‐10 PET scans prior to therapy initiation (baseline) and after completing 3 weeks of whole‐brain radiation therapy with concomitant temozolomide chemotherapy (early‐therapy assessment, ETA). The baseline 18F‐ML‐10 PET scan showed increased tracer uptake at the site of the GBM, with highest activity toward the central portion of the tumor. At the ETA time point, a new distribution of tracer uptake was observed compared to baseline. Normalized pixel‐by‐pixel subtraction of baseline from ETA was used to quantify change in tracer distribution between 18F‐ML‐10 PET imaging time points. Results of this analysis showed reduction in 18F‐ML‐10 uptake at the site of greatest baseline uptake, but increased uptake around the periphery of the tumor at the early‐therapy time point.ConclusionThe changing patterns of 18F‐ML‐10 uptake between baseline and ETA are suggestive for therapy‐induced tumor cellular apoptosis.
Limonoids with an Oxygen Bridge between C(1) and C(29) from the Seeds of a Krishna Mangrove, Xylocarpus granatum
Authors: Li Min‐Yi , Xiao Qiang , Satyanandamurty Tirumani , Wu Jun 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTen limonoids, named granatumins L–U (1–10, resp.), were isolated from the seeds of an Indian mangrove, Xylocarpus granatum, collected in the estuary of Krishna, Andhra Pradesh. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic data. The relative configuration of granatumin L (1) was confirmed by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Granatumins L–T (1–9, resp.) belong to the small group of limonoids with an oxygen bridge between C(1) and C(29), while granatumin U (10) is a 28‐Me‐oxidized mexicanolide. This is the first report of limonoids with an O‐bridge between C(1) and C(29) from the Indian X. granatum. The pronounced structural diversity of limonoids from this mangrove might originate from environmental factors.
Inhibition of NO Production by Grindelia argentina and Isolation of Three New Cytotoxic Saponins
Authors: Alza Natalia P. , Pferschy‐Wenzig Eva‐Maria , Ortmann Sabine , Kretschmer Nadine , Kunert Olaf , Rechberger Gerald N. , Bauer Rudolf , Murray Ana P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA bioassay‐guided phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of Grindelia argentina Deble & Oliveira‐Deble (Asteraceae) allowed the isolation of a known flavone, hispidulin, and three new oleanane‐type saponins, 3‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2β,3β,16α,23‐tetrahydroxyolean‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl ester (2), 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2β,3β,23‐trihydroxyolean‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl ester, (3) and 3‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2β,3β,23‐trihydroxyolean‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl ester (4), named grindeliosides A–C, respectively. Their structures were determined by extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments along with mass spectrometry and chemical evidence. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against LPS/IFN‐γ‐induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages and for their cytotoxic activities against the human leukemic cell line CCRF‐CEM and MRC‐5 lung fibroblasts. Hispidulin markedly reduced LPS/IFN‐γ‐induced NO production (IC50 51.4 μM), while grindeliosides A–C were found to be cytotoxic, with grindelioside C being the most active against both CCRF‐CEM (IC50 4.2±0.1 μM) and MRC‐5 (IC50 4.5±0.1 μM) cell lines.
Design, Synthesis, Lipophilic Properties, and Binding Affinities of Potential Ligands in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for Visualization of Brain Dopamine D4 Receptors
Authors: Lacivita Enza , De Giorgio Paola , Colabufo Nicola A. , Berardi Francesco , Perrone Roberto , Niso Mauro , Leopoldo Marcello 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe report the synthesis of compounds structurally related to the high‐affinity dopamine D4 receptor ligand N‐{2‐[4‐(3‐cyanopyridin‐2‐yl)piperazin‐1‐yl]ethyl}‐3‐methoxybenzamide (1e). All compounds were specifically designed as potential PET radioligands for brain D4 receptor visualization, having lipophilicity within a range for brain uptake and weak non‐specific binding (0.75<cLogP<3.15) and bearing a substituent for easy access to labeling with the positron emitter isotope 11C or 18F. The best compound of the series, N‐{2‐[4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]ethyl}‐6‐fluoropyridine‐3‐carboxamide (7a), displayed excellent selectivity over D2 and D3 receptors (>100‐fold), but its D4 receptor affinity was suboptimal for imaging of brain D4 receptors (Ki=30 nM).
Bark Essential Oil of Cedrelopsis grevei from Madagascar: Investigation of Steam‐Distillation Conditions
Authors: Rakotobe Miarantsoa , Menut Chantal , Andrianoelisoa Hanitriniaina Sahondra , Rahajanirina Voninavoko , Tsy Jean Michel Leong Pock , Rakotoarimanana Vonjison , Ramavovololona Perle , Danthu Pascal 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe effect of the distillation time on the yield and chemical composition of the bark essential oil of Cedrelopsis grevei Baill. was investigated. Distillation kinetics were determined for three batches of bark sampled from two sites, i.e., Itampolo (batches IT1 and IT2) and Salary (SAL), located in a region in the south of Madagascar with characteristically large populations of C. grevei. The bark samples were subjected to steam distillation, and the essential oil was collected at 3‐h intervals. The total yield (calculated after 14 h of distillation) varied from 0.9 to 1.7%, according to the batch tested. Moreover, the essential oils obtained were characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. During the course of the distillation, the relative percentages of the most volatile components (monoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons) diminished progressively, whereas the least volatile ones (oxygenated derivatives) increased at a consistent rate. Principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis (AHC) of the results, performed on 13 principal components, allowed distinguishing three chemical groups, corresponding to the three batches, irrespective of the distillation time. This indicated that the chemical variability currently observed with commercial samples is not mainly linked to the experimental conditions of the extraction process, as the distillation time did not significantly alter the chemical composition of the essential oils.
Small CyclenImidazolium‐Containing Molecules and Their Interactions with DNA
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Chun‐Yan , Zhang Ji , Yi Wen‐Jing , Yu Xiao‐Qi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThree small organic molecules containing different numbers of cyclen and imidazolium units were synthesized. Their interactions with plasmid DNA and their potential for gene delivery vectors were investigated. Agarose gel retardation and ethidium bromide exclusion assays revealed that these molecules can effectively condense DNA, and compounds with higher molecular weights are needed to lower w/w ratio for full condensation. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that these compounds may form nanosized spherical particles with DNA. Furthermore, the complex formed from 10, i.e., 10/DNA, can partially release DNA from compact state at a relatively higher concentration of NaCl (200 mM). In the presence of the lipid 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), 10 could transfer plasmid DNA into BEL‐7402 cells. In addition, these compounds exhibited much lower cytotoxicity than PEI 25 kDa.