bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-residue insertion switches the quaternary structure and exciton states of cryptophyte light-harvesting proteins
Authors: Harrop Stephen J. , Wilk Krystyna E. , Dinshaw Rayomond , Collini Elisabetta , Mirkovic Tihana , Teng Chang Ying , Oblinsky Daniel G. , Green Beverley R. , Hoef-Emden Kerstin , Hiller Roger G. , Scholes Gregory D. , Curmi Paul M. G. 
Published: June 2014

SignificanceThere is intense interest in determining whether coherent quantum processes play a nontrivial role in biology. This interest was sparked by the discovery of long-lived oscillations in 2D electronic spectra of photosynthetic proteins, including the phycobiliproteins (PBPs) from cryptophyte algae. Using X-ray crystallography, we show that cryptophyte PBPs adopt one of two quaternary structures, open or closed. The key feature of the closed form is the juxtaposition of two central chromophores resulting in excitonic coupling. The switch between forms is ascribed to the insertion of a single amino acid in the open-form proteins. Thus, PBP quaternary structure controls excitonic coupling and the mechanism of light harvesting. Comparing organisms with these two distinct proteins will reveal the role of quantum coherence in photosynthesis.
Evaluating big deal journal bundles
Authors: Bergstrom Theodore C. , Courant Paul N. , McAfee R. Preston , Williams Michael A. 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Little is known about the prices that universities pay for bundled access to the journals published by large commercial publishers. Publishers have insisted that libraries sign confidentiality clauses that keep these prices secret. We used Freedom of Information Act requests to obtain copies of the contracts signed by a large number of institutions. We report the results of this investigation and compare the bundled subscription prices charged by for-profit and nonprofit publishers.
Algorithms, games, and evolution
Authors: Chastain Erick , Livnat Adi , Papadimitriou Christos , Vazirani Umesh 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Theoretical biology was founded on the mathematical tools of statistics and physics. We believe there are productive connections to be made with the younger field of theoretical computer science, which shares with it an interest in complexity and functionality. In this paper, we find that the mathematical description of evolution in the presence of sexual recombination and weak selection is equivalent to a repeated game between genes played according to the multiplicative weight updates algorithm, an algorithm that has surprised computer scientists time and again in its usefulness. This equivalence is informative for the pursuit of two key problems in evolution: the role of sex and the maintenance of variation.
Overexpression of the NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (icdA) in citric acid-producing Aspergillus niger WU-2223L
Authors: Kobayashi Keiichi , Hattori Takasumi , Hayashi Rie , Kirimura Kohtaro 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+-ICDH) catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation of isocitric acid to form α-ketoglutaric acid with NADP+ as a cofactor. We constructed an NADP+-ICDH gene (icdA)-overexpressing strain (OPI-1) using Aspergillus niger WU-2223L as a host and examined the effects of increase in NADP+-ICDH activity on citric acid production. Under citric acid-producing conditions with glucose as the carbon source, the amounts of citric acid produced and glucose consumed by OPI-1 for the 12-d cultivation period decreased by 18.7 and 10.5%, respectively, compared with those by WU-2223L. These results indicate that the amount of citric acid produced by A. niger can be altered with the NADP+-ICDH activity. Therefore, NADP+-ICDH is an important regulator of citric acid production in the TCA cycle of A. niger. Thus, we propose that the icdA gene is a potentially valuable tool for modulating citric acid production by metabolic engineering.
Archaeology, Theory, and War-Related Violence
Authors: Vandkilde Helle 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Warfare may be understood as violent social encounter with the Other, and has in this sense occurred from the first hominid societies until today. Ample evidence of war-related violence exists across time and space: skeletal traumata, material culture, weapons, war-related ritual finds, fighting technologies, fortifications, and martial iconographies. The archaeology of war is a late ‘discovery’ of the mid 1990s, but advances have recently been made in understanding the scale and roles of warfare in pre- and protohistory and how warfare and warriorhood relate to society, culture, evolution and human biology. This chapter ventures into this discursive field from a theoretical and archaeological point of view while reflecting upon the effectiveness and role of war as a prime mover in history. It is argued that war was often present but never truly endemic, and that war essentially is a matter of culture.
Toll-like Receptor 4 Is Essential to Preserving Cardiac Function and Survival in Low-grade Polymicrobial Sepsis
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zou Lin , Feng Yan , Chen Yu-Jung , Zhou Qichang , Ichinose Fumito , Chao Wei 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background:
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the receptor for endotoxin, mediates hyperinflammatory response and contributes to high mortality during both endotoxin shock and severe sepsis. However, little is known about the role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of low-grade polymicrobial sepsis, which is often associated with immunosuppression.

Methods:
Low-grade polymicrobial sepsis was generated by cecum ligation and puncture. Mortality was monitored in wild- type (C57BL/10ScSn) and TLR4def (C57BL/10ScCr) mice. Ex vivo heart and individual cardiomyocyte function were assessed in Langendorff (Hugo Sachs Elektronik; Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA) and IonOptix systems (IonOptix, Milton, MA), respectively. Serum chemistry was tested for liver and kidney injury. Cytokines were examined using a multiplex immunoassay. Neutrophil migratory and phagocytic functions were assessed using flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species were measured using redox-sensitive dichlorodihydrofluorescein dye.

Results:
Following cecum ligation and puncture, wild-type mice developed bacterial peritonitis with mild cardiac dysfunction (n = 3 in sham and n = 8 in cecum ligation and puncture) and a mortality of 23% within 14 days (n = 22). In comparison, septic TLR4def mice had deleterious cardiac dysfunction (n = 6 in sham and n = 10 in cecum ligation and puncture), kidney and liver injury (n = 7), and much higher mortality at 81% (n = 21). The deleterious effects observed in septic TLR4def mice were associated with increased local and systemic cytokine response, reduced neutrophil migratory and phagocytic function, increased reactive oxygen species generation in leukocytes, and impaired bacterial clearance.

Conclusion:
TLR4 plays an essential role in host defense against low-grade polymicrobial sepsis by mediating neutrophil migratory/phagocytic functions, attenuating inflammation, reducing reactive oxygen species generation, and enhanced bacterial clearance.
Subcellular Relocalization and Positive Selection Play Key Roles in the Retention of Duplicate Genes ofPopulusClass III Peroxidase Family
Authors: Ren Lin-Ling , Liu Yan-Jing , Liu Hai-Jing , Qian Ting-Ting , Qi Li-Wang , Wang Xiao-Ru , Zeng Qing-Yin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGene duplication is the primary source of new genes and novel functions. Over the course of evolution, many duplicate genes lose their function and are eventually removed by deletion. However, some duplicates have persisted and evolved diverse functions. A particular challenge is to understand how this diversity arises and whether positive selection plays a role. In this study, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of the class III peroxidase (PRX) genes from the Populus trichocarpa genome. PRXs are plant-specific enzymes that play important roles in cell wall metabolism and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. We found that two large tandem-arrayed clusters of PRXs evolved from an ancestral cell wall type PRX to vacuole type, followed by tandem duplications and subsequent functional specification. Substitution models identified seven positively selected sites in the vacuole PRXs. These positively selected sites showed significant effects on the biochemical functions of the enzymes. We also found that positive selection acts more frequently on residues adjacent to, rather than directly at, a critical active site of the enzyme, and on flexible regions rather than on rigid structural elements of the protein. Our study provides new insights into the adaptive molecular evolution of plant enzyme families.
Transposable Element Insertion and Epigenetic Modification Cause the Multiallelic Variation in the Expression of FAE1 in Sinapis alba
Authors: Zeng Fangqin , Cheng Bifang 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Naturally occurring heritable variation provides a fundamental resource to reveal the genetic and molecular bases of traits in forward genetic studies. Here, we report the molecular basis of the differences in the four alleles E1, E2, E3, and e of the FATTY ACID ELONGATION1 (FAE1) gene controlling high, medium, low, and zero erucic content in yellow mustard (Sinapis alba). E1 represents a fully functional allele with a coding DNA sequence (CDS) of 1521 bp and a promoter adjacent to the CDS. The null allele e resulted from an insertional disruption in the CDS by Sal-PIF, a 3100-bp PIF/Harbinger-like DNA transposon, whereas E2 and E3 originated from the insertion of Sal-T1, a 4863-bp Copia-like retrotransposon, in the 5′ untranslated region. E3 was identical to E2 but showed cytosine methylation in the promoter region and was thus an epiallele having a further reduction in expression. The coding regions of E2 and E3 also contained five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) not present in E1, but expression studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated that these SNPs did not affect enzyme functionality. These results demonstrate a comprehensive molecular framework for the interplay of transposon insertion, SNP/indel mutation, and epigenetic modification influencing the broad range of natural genetic variation in plants.
Management accounting systems, enterprise risk management and organizational performance in financial institutions
Authors: Zaleha Abdul Rasid Siti , Ruhana Isa Che , Khairuzzaman Wan Ismail Wan 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the linkages between management accounting systems (MAS), enterprise risk management (ERM) and organizational performance by examining MAS information characteristics that match ERM implementation and joint effects of MAS and ERM on organizational performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research method involved administering a questionnaire to 106 financial institutions (FIs) in Malaysia. The respondents were chief financial officers or staff members holding the most senior positions in the finance department of the institutions.

Findings
– The significant findings on the association between ERM and MAS show that implementation of ERM requires the use of sophisticated MAS information. ERM and MAS complement each other as both are integral to decision making, planning and control in an organization. The finding also substantiates the important role of ERM in enhancing non-financial performance.

Research limitations/implications
– This study covered only MAS as part of sub-control systems in an organization. Future studies could investigate the link between a more comprehensive management accounting and control system and ERM. Furthermore, this study used perceptual measures of MAS, ERM and organizational performance.

Practical implications
– The regulating body should promote best management practices of sophisticated MAS and ERM among FIs as these practices will create competitive advantage as well as help those institutions comply with regulations.

Originality/value
– This study has contributed to the body of knowledge on the linkages between MAS, risk management system and organizational performance.
The engagement with business ethics
Authors: Callaghan Michael , Wood Greg 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The aim of this research was to determine the evolution of engagement with business ethics in the top 500 Australian corporations operating in the private sector from 1995 to 2010.Design/methodology/approach– Primary data were obtained via a non-sponsored and unsolicited self-administered mail questionnaire distributed to a census of the top 500 Australian companies operating in the private sector administered in both 1995 and 2010. This paper examines and compares the responses of the companies that possessed a code of ethics at those times.Findings– This paper finds that business ethics has continued to evolve over the period of the study and that, in most cases, such an evolution has been positive, with the majority of companies exhibiting high levels of engagement.Research limitations/implications– While the responses provided a rich picture of the evolution of Australian corporate engagement with business ethics, further longitudinal research exploring international and cross-cultural contexts would add to this understanding of organisational engagement.Practical and social implications– It would seem that codes of ethics have evolved beyond a regulatory requirement and are now considered an integral component of the corporate culture and commercial practice in the majority of Australia’s top 500 companies.Originality/value– Despite a history of business ethics research, longitudinal studies seeking to understand the evolution of corporate engagement to business ethics are exceedingly rare. This paper, unique and original in its focus on an Australian context, provides a basis for future studies focused on exploring international and cross-cultural contexts. This paper makes a substantive and valuable contribution to the literature as it quantifies the evolution of corporate engagement over a 15-year period.
Chinese students’ participation: the effect of cultural factors
Authors: S. Hodkinson Chris , E. Poropat Arthur 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide for Western educators of international Chinese and Confucian Heritage Culture (CHC) students the first integrated review ofkiasu, the “fear of missing out”, and its consequences for learning, teaching, and future research.Design/methodology/approach– A review of the economic importance of international Chinese students is provided, followed by consideration of the pedagogical consequences of restricted participation in educational activities by the so-called “silent Chinese student”. Examination of research on international Chinese students and their source cultures established significant gaps and misunderstandings in the generally accepted understandings of CHCs, especially with respect to the actual practices used in Western and Chinese teaching. More importantly, the participation-related implications ofkiasuwithin the context of broader cultural characteristics are described and implications drawn for teaching practices and research.Findings– While many Western university teachers are aware of the “silent Chinese student” phenomenon, few understand its underlying reasons, especially thekiasumindset and its relationship to other cultural elements.Kiasuactively impedes the interaction of international Chinese students with their teachers and restricts collaboration with peers, thereby limiting educational achievement. Specific tactics for amelioration are reviewed and recommendations are provided, while an agenda for future research is outlined.Practical implications– Western teachers need to normalise and encourage Chinese student participation in class activities using tactics that have been demonstrated to improve outcomes for Chinese students, but that also assist students generally. These include both within-class and electronic interaction tools.Social implications– More culturally sensitive understanding of the impact of cultural differences on teaching effectiveness. While some effective responses to these already exist, further research is needed to expand the skill-set of Western teachers who work with international Chinese students.Originality/value– This paper provides the first systematic integration of thekiasuphenomenon with educational practice and research.
Africa's statistical tragedy: best statistics, best government effectiveness
Authors: Kodila-Tedika Oasis 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The author aims to analyze the effect of statistical capacity on government effectiveness/efficiency using cross-sectional from a sample of 48 African countries for the period 2003-2008.

Design/methodology/approach
– The estimation technique used is a two-stage least squares instrumental variable methodology and ordinary least square.

Findings
– The results show that statistical capacity positively affects government effectiveness/efficiency. It follows that countries with higher statistical capacity levels enjoy institutions of better quality than countries with low levels of statistical capacity.

Practical implications
– As a policy implication, if Africa does not have effective governments, it is partly because it has a very weak statistical capacity. In such an environment, access to information for effective governance is compromised.

Originality/value
– This paper contributes to existing literature on the determinants of institution by focusing on the distribution of the dependent variable (government effectiveness). The author stressed the importance of information and statistics capabilities.
What drives learning orientation in fast growth SMEs?
Authors: Swee Lin Tan Caroline , X. Smyrnios Kosmas , Xiong Lin 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate drivers of learning orientation (LO) in 253 Australian fast-growth small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) through an examination of the interrelationships between transformational leadership (TL), human resource (HR) practices, and organizational climate.Design/methodology/approach– CEOs/managers of fast growth SMEs completed either an online or mailout survey. Statistical analyses involved tests for confounding and mediational effects, the use of exploratory factor analytic techniques and structural equation modelling.Findings– Findings reveal that TL is a significant antecedent of supportive and open organizational climates, and reward and job-related HR practices. Job-related HR practices and organizational climate fully mediate relationships between TL and LO. However, providing monetary incentives linked to performance does not motivate staff to learn. Instead, leaders need to act as role models, stimulate employees intellectually, provide a road map for staff, and focus on creating a supportive, open, and friendly environment.Research limitations/implications– Sample size is modest, reducing statistical power. The use of a cross-sectional, non-experimental design limits causal inferences. This study relied on the views of only entrepreneurs.Practical implications– These findings have important implications for management practice in terms of leadership, HR practices, and organizational learning in entrepreneurial ventures. Businesses who provide benefits and bonuses linked to performance do not necessarily engage employees to commit to learning, subscribe to a shared vision, or think innovatively. LO is enhanced only when employees are motivated, empowered, and treated as valuable resources. The establishment of personal relationships and open communication between owner-managers and employees, fosters firm LO.Originality/value– The present research contributes to the theoretical debate on the central role of leadership in fostering HRM practices, organizational climate and LO in fast-growth entrepreneurial companies. This study is the first to empirically test drivers of LO in FGSMEs. A simple linear model is insufficient to explain the influence of TL on LO.
Determinants of mobile coupon service adoption: assessment of gender difference
Authors: Ha Young , Im Hyunjoo 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop and empirically examine a comprehensive model describing the effects of perceived characteristics of mobile coupon services on attitudes and the effects of personal innovativeness and subjective norm (SN) on behavioral intention (BI) to use such services. Gender differences in the process of mobile coupon service adoption were also investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
– The online survey was distributed to US adult consumers (age 19 and over) recruited through an online sampling service company. A total of 657 useable responses were obtained.

Findings
– The results showed that in general, compatibility and enjoyment are stronger determinants of attitudes toward mobile coupon adoption than ease of use and usefulness of mobile coupon services. Innovativeness and SN showed strong effects on BI to use mobile coupon services. Furthermore, the results demonstrated gender differences in the relative strength of perceived characteristics that affect attitudes toward mobile coupon services. Enjoyment and usefulness of mobile coupons appear to be more important for females than males while perceived ease of use is a stronger determinant for males.

Originality/value
– The results of this study furthers understanding of the commercial use of mobile coupons by providing insights into the factors determining consumer adoption of such mobile services.
Using social media in the wine business
Authors: Szolnoki Gergely , Taits Dimitri , Nagel Moritz , Fortunato Alessio 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to conduct two studies to investigate the use of social media tools by wineries in Germany and assess the impact of Facebook membership on customers by comparing them with customers who were not members. Today, a vast number of books and studies are being published about social media in general, but less is known about their usage and effectiveness in the wine industry.

Design/methodology/approach
– The first study was conducted among 321 German wineries. It focused on the attitudes and preferences of the winemakers regarding social media, and it analysed the daily use of this new communication tool. The second study took place in August 2012, and it set out to define the value that accrued to a winery from having Facebook fans. This analysis was based on an online survey with customers of the winery as well as on a comparative analysis of the buying patterns of customers who were Facebook fans and those who were not. The analysis compared the turnover from the purchases of both groups over a period of three years.

Findings
– It was determined that 60 per cent of German wineries did communicate with their customers using social media. Facebook was the most important social media channel, followed by Twitter and YouTube. Of the winemakers interviewed, 40 per cent planned, in the near future, to implement additional activities involving social media. The consumer study proved that Facebook fans had a higher turnover compared to the non-Facebook fans of the winery studied. This finding emphasises the loyalty of Facebook fans. In addition, the study revealed that Facebook fans are open to receiving sales offers from the company which they support.

Practical implications
– Winery owners should be aware of the effectiveness of this modern communication tool. This is not only because Facebook fans generate a much higher turnover but also because of the possibility that they are interested in additional special offers on Facebook, which could mean an expansion of the available sales channels.

Originality/value
– To our knowledge, this kind of overview about the Germany wine sector as well as about the value of a Facebook-fan of a winery has not yet been undertaken.