bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of undifferentiated pleomorphic rectal sarcoma occurring after radiation exposure
Authors: Eizuka Makoto , Toya Yosuke , Yamada Shun , Oizumi Tomofumi , Yanai Shunichi , Kudara Norihiko , Yanagawa Naoki , Sugai Tamotsu , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA 72 year-old man was referred to our hospital for a detailed examination of a recurrent rectal polyp. He had past histories of surgery and radiation therapy for prostate cancer at the age of 66 and endoscopic excision of a rectal polyp at the age of 70. Colonoscopy revealed a semi-pedunculated lesion surrounded by friable mucosa, which was positive under positron-emission tomography-computed tomography. Histopathological examination of the endoscopically excised polyp revealed proliferation of atypical cells, characterized by strong pleomorphic or spindle morphology, which was immunohistochemically compatible with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. We diagnosed this case as sarcoma presumably associated with radiation proctitis.
Utilizing a forced Van der Pol-Rayleigh-Helmholtz oscillator under heptamodal-frequency operations in Casimir force measurement
Authors: Yilmaz Cagri 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, Casimir force sensitivity is investigated by utilizing a micro-cantilever under the driving forces in heptamodal operations. A novel forced Van der Pol-Rayleigh-Helmholtz nonlinear oscillator model is developed to describe the nonlinear dynamics of the micro-cantilever which is subject to the excitation and Casimir forces simultaneously. Demonstrating the effectiveness of the heptamodal operations, single- and tetramodal-frequency excitation schemes are also applied separately to resonate the micro-cantilever at the fundamental and higher eigenmodes. The oscillation observables of the externally driven micro-cantilever are determined in the presence of the Casimir forces in the separation distance range of 200–800 nm. Remarkable variations in amplitude ratio, phase shift, and frequency shift for different effective masses of the micro-cantilever are explored for the higher eigenmodes. In the current work, the AFM micro-cantilever exhibits the amplitude response of 0.82 nm to Casimir force at the fourth eigenmode for the separation distance ranging between 200 and 300 nm. The stable frequency shifts ranging between 103 and 106 Hz are also observed at the first four eigenmodes for larger separation distances (above around 500 nm). Moreover, the maximum phase shift response of around 150 degrees at the sixth eigenmode is achieved using heptamodal-frequency excitation of the lightest micro-cantilever (3.6 × 10−12 kg) at the separation distance of 200 nm. Thus, implementing heptamodal-frequency excitation schemes has considerable potential to improve the phase shift sensitivity to Casimir forces when compared with other excitation schemes. Additionally, the parameters of the nonlinear oscillator significantly determine the patterns of the time-domain sensitivities to the external forces. Correspondingly, displacements of the micro-cantilever under the driving and Casimir forces at different eigenmodes are obtained to investigate diverse system nonlinearities. Furthermore, the virial and dissipated power are also determined for different effective masses of the micro-cantilever to explain the energy dissipation process in the measurement of Casimir forces. Therefore, in the present work, the observable responses and energy quantities for particular system nonlinearities are introduced to be utilized for nanometrological applications.
The effects of temperature and pressure on optical properties of spherical core/shell/shell quantum dot
Authors: Al E. B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effects of temperature and hydro-static pressure on the electronic and optical properties of the spherical core/shell/shell quantum dot structure is determined numerically. The energy eigenvalues of the system and their corresponding eigenfunctions are calculated using the diagonalization method within the framework of the effective mass approach. Then, linear, nonlinear and total intersubbands absorption coefficients and relative refractive index changes are calculated theoretically by iterative method within the framework of compact density matrix approach. With the results to be obtained from the study, it is predicted that this system can be recommended as a building block for various applications in the THz electromagnetic spectrum region.
Highly idealized models of scientific inquiry as conceptual systems
Authors: Pesonen Renne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe social epistemology of science has adopted agent-based computer simulations as one of its core methods for investigating the dynamics of scientific inquiry. The epistemic status of these highly idealized models is currently under active debate in which they are often associated either with predictive or the argumentative functions. These two functions roughly correspond to interpreting simulations as virtual experiments or formalized thought experiments, respectively. This paper advances the argumentative account of modeling by proposing that models serve as a means to (re)conceptualize the macro-level dynamics of complex social epistemic interactions. I apply results from the epistemology of scientific modeling and the psychology of mental simulation to the ongoing debate in the social epistemology of science. Instead of considering simulation models as predictive devices, I view them as artifacts that exemplify abstract hypothetical properties of complex social epistemic processes in order to advance scientific understanding, hypothesis formation, and communication. Models need not be accurate representations to serve these purposes. They should be regarded as pragmatic cognitive tools that engender rather than replace intuitions in philosophical reasoning and argumentation. Furthermore, I aim to explain why the community tends to converge around few model templates: Since models have the potential to transform our intuitive comprehension of the subject of inquiry, successful models may literally capture the imagination of the modeling community.
Numerical and experimental behavior of fiber reinforced polymer type and layer number effect on the flexural properties of heat-treated black pine wood
Authors: Şimşek Türker Yasemin , Kılınçarslan Şemsettin , Işıldar Nuri 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHeat treatment is one of the environmentally friendly methods applied to improve the structural properties of wooden materials. While heat treatment improves some properties of wood material, it also negatively affects its mechanical properties depending on the heat treatment conditions applied. The decrease in mechanical properties due to heat treatment limits the use of wood material in various applications requiring mechanical strength. For this purpose, various fiber-reinforced polymers have been used in recent years. In this study, it was aimed to experimentally and numerically examine the flexural properties of unheat-treated and heat-treated black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) wood reinforced 1, 2 and 3 times with carbon, glass and aramid. Following the experimental flexural tests, the samples were modeled and analyzed in the finite element software program. The average flexural strength of the heat-treated sample is 11.72% lower, and the elasticity modulus is 1.23% lower than the unheat-treated sample.It has been determined that carbon-based polymer fabrics, among fiber-reinforced polymer fabrics, have the best reinforcement effect. The flexural strength of the UHT-C-3 sample is 6.1% and the elasticity modulus is 3.52% higher than the UHT-C-1 coded sample. Compared to the sample without reinforcement, flexural strength increased by 30% and elasticity modulus increased by 7%. It is seen that as the number of fiber reinforced polymer layers increases, the flexural properties also increase. When the experimental and numerical analysis results were examined, the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity values gave similar results at the R2: 0.88–0.99 level. In addition to technologies using kinds of reinforcement evaluated in conservation applications, it may be utilized for numerical analysis in the field of repairing or reinforcing different grades, patterns, and types of reinforcement in already-existing wooden structures.
Evaluation of the impact of combustion chamber geometries for biomass plancha-type cookstoves
Authors: Gómez-Heleria Delmer , Beltrán Alberto , Núñez José , Berrueta Víctor M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImproved cookstoves are used to reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere and the impact of deforestation, thus improving the quality of life of their users. The main objective of this work is to evaluate three combustion chamber geometries for biomass plancha-type cookstoves, in the range of 9.5–12.5 kW, which corresponds to real operating conditions. The first geometry corresponds to a traditional rocket elbow section that is widely used in this kind of device. The other two geometries are new modified designs. They make use of three and four chamfers above the rocket elbow. Additionally, for all the geometries, the effect of a baffle close to the exit of the chimney is evaluated. Numerical simulations for fluid flow, heat transfer, and gas-phase chemical reactions for the three-dimensional internal volume of the geometries are conducted using ANSYS Fluent 2019 R3. Results for the average temperature on the comal and total mass flow rate at the exit of the chimney are validated with experimental measurements and a theoretical model, respectively. The main findings are that the use of a baffle in all geometries increases the flow recirculation below the comal; as a result, the average temperature of the comal and hence the thermal efficiency reach higher values. Based upon numerical predictions, the cookstove with three chamfers and a baffle provided a more temperature homogeneous distribution on the comal.
How to compensate for frailty? The real life impact of geriatric co-management on morbi-mortality after colorectal cancer surgery in patients aged 70 years or older
Authors: Pille A. , Meillat H. , Braticevic C. , Lelong B. , Rousseau F. , Cecile M. , Tassy L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn Europe, CRC is the second most common cause of cancer death, and surgery remains the mainstay curative treatment. Age and frailty are associated with an increased risk of postoperative morbidity and 1-year mortality. Chronological age is not sufficient to assess the risk of postoperative complications. The CGA has been developed to better identify frail patients. Geriatric co-management have been developed to optimize the post-operative outcomes. We analyzed the real-life of geriatric co-management within an ERAS program on surgical outcomes at 90 days and oncologic outcomes at 1 year in patients aged 70 years or older after surgery for CRC. This was a retrospective study based on a prospective cohort. Fifty-one patients with a G8 score ≤ 14 were referred to geriatricians for preoperative CGA (Frail Group). They were compared with 151 patients with a G8 score ≥ 15 (Robust Group). In the Frail Group, patients were significantly older with more comorbidities than the patients in the Robust Group. Oncologic characteristics, treatments and global post-operative outcomes were comparable between the two groups. One year after surgery mortality and recurrence rates were similar between the two groups. Our study suggests that geriatric co-management is feasible and contributes to the reduction of postoperative morbimortality. Moreover, performing the CGA after G8 score screening and completion of geriatric interventions resulted in similar 90-day postoperative outcomes, in frail patients than in robust patients. Our results confirmed the benefit of geriatric co-management, involving G8 screening, CGA, and ERAS, for frail older patients undergoing surgery for CRC.
An update on the clinical implications of the microbiome in the development of allergy diseases
Authors: Koidl Larissa , Untersmayr Eva 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThis mini-review is an update on a previous review published in 2021 and aims to summarize recent findings on the influence of the microbiome on allergic diseases. We cover the topics of food allergy, airway allergies, and skin allergies with a particular focus on clinical implications. Articles published between January 2021 and March 2024 were screened to be included in this publication.
Performance Limits and Advancements in Single 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Transistor
Authors: Chen Jing , Sun Ming-Yuan , Wang Zhen-Hua , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Kai , Wang Shuai , Zhang Yu , Wu Xiaoming , Ren Tian-Ling , Liu Hong , Han Lin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) allow for atomic-scale manipulation, challenging the conventional limitations of semiconductor materials. This capability may overcome the short-channel effect, sparking significant advancements in electronic devices that utilize 2D TMDs. Exploring the dimension and performance limits of transistors based on 2D TMDs has gained substantial importance. This review provides a comprehensive investigation into these limits of the single 2D-TMD transistor. It delves into the impacts of miniaturization, including the reduction of channel length, gate length, source/drain contact length, and dielectric thickness on transistor operation and performance. In addition, this review provides a detailed analysis of performance parameters such as source/drain contact resistance, subthreshold swing, hysteresis loop, carrier mobility, on/off ratio, and the development of p-type and single logic transistors. This review details the two logical expressions of the single 2D-TMD logic transistor, including current and voltage. It also emphasizes the role of 2D TMD-based transistors as memory devices, focusing on enhancing memory operation speed, endurance, data retention, and extinction ratio, as well as reducing energy consumption in memory devices functioning as artificial synapses. This review demonstrates the two calculating methods for dynamic energy consumption of 2D synaptic devices. This review not only summarizes the current state of the art in this field but also highlights potential future research directions and applications. It underscores the anticipated challenges, opportunities, and potential solutions in navigating the dimension and performance boundaries of 2D transistors.
A Solvent-Free Covalent Organic Framework Single-Ion Conductor Based on Ion–Dipole Interaction for All-Solid-State Lithium Organic Batteries
Authors: Li Zhongping , Oh Kyeong-Seok , Seo Jeong-Min , Qin Wenliang , Lee Soohyoung , Zhai Lipeng , Li Changqing , Baek Jong-Beom , Lee Sang-Young 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSingle-ion conductors based on covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have garnered attention as a potential alternative to currently prevalent inorganic ion conductors owing to their structural uniqueness and chemical versatility. However, the sluggish Li+ conduction has hindered their practical applications. Here, we present a class of solvent-free COF single-ion conductors (Li-COF@P) based on weak ion–dipole interaction as opposed to traditional strong ion–ion interaction. The ion (Li+ from the COF)–dipole (oxygen from poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate embedded in the COF pores) interaction in the Li-COF@P promotes ion dissociation and Li+ migration via directional ionic channels. Driven by this single-ion transport behavior, the Li-COF@P enables reversible Li plating/stripping on Li-metal electrodes and stable cycling performance (88.3% after 2000 cycles) in organic batteries (Li metal anode||5,5’-dimethyl-2,2’-bis-p-benzoquinone (Me2BBQ) cathode) under ambient operating conditions, highlighting the electrochemical viability of the Li-COF@P for all-solid-state organic batteries.
A systematic literature review of sustainable water management in South Africa
Authors: Olley Jack , Cvitanovic Marin , Ginige Tilak , Bunt-MacRury Laura 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAddressing global challenges of inequitable and unsustainable natural resource management is imperative. South African water management serves as a critical case study allowing for the deep exploration of the intricate complexities surrounding these issues. South Africa's apartheid era witnessed inequitable water distribution and, despite the efforts made through the post-apartheid National Water Act of 1998 to prioritise equity and sustainability, challenges still persist in its implementation. This review aims to bridge knowledge gaps in sustainable water management in South Africa, focusing on environmental justice and sustainable development within the framework of the three pillars of sustainability. Through a systematic literature review of 57 scientific papers published in the Web of Science database between 1995 and 2021 this study aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the complex dynamics shaping water management in South Africa. Major themes, challenges, and solutions in sustainable water management are identified, emphasising the importance of stakeholder interactions, insufficient collaboration, and a lack of capacity building. The study also explores water policy implementation, environmental impacts of business, particularly in agriculture and mining, and the management of freshwater sources and their overexploitation. Economically, the mining industry's role and associated challenges such as acid mine drainage and water use competition are assessed. The Water-Energy-Food Nexus's influence on water management, water pricing efficiency, user willingness to pay, and the potential of decentralised systems and corporate social responsibility are also explored. With South Africa facing urgent challenges of water scarcity and resource management, integrated approaches that consider environmental, social, and economic dimensions, alongside robust multi-stakeholder collaboration, are essential. This review offers valuable insights for policymakers, water managers, and researchers working toward a sustainable water future in South Africa.
Appearance and prevalence of float glass inclusions with a diameter smaller than 500 µm, focused on the identification of nickel sulphide
Authors: Peters Timon , Schneider Jens 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn most float glass productions, quality control systems will remove glass inclusions with diameters above 500 µm, since smaller inclusions are usually not visible to the human eye. Yet, they can still become relevant in glass construction, one example being nickel sulphide which can cause spontaneous fracture of thermally prestressed glass. This research presents statistical data on the prevalence of inclusions in the size range with a diameter between 50 and 500 µm, obtained from thorough scans of commercial float glass, showing that the inclusion size distribution follows an exponential curve. Also, many of the found inclusions are investigated by ultra-high-resolution optical microscopy down to resolutions close to the wavelength of visible light, the physical limit of such inspection, while still in the intact glass. Images taken under different lighting conditions and with different types of microscope cameras help in the identification and differentiation of inclusion types. Photoelastic stress measurements and laser interferometry also non-destructively show mechanical stress and deformation inside the glass around inclusions. Due to the risks emerging from this inclusion type, a special focus of the presented work is on the identification of nickel sulphide and its precursors which can be identified by its characteristic surface structure and colour as well as its shape.
Vitamin D und Prädiabetes
Authors: Unterlechner Dominik , Amrein Karin 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungIn einer rezenten Analyse von drei randomisiert kontrollierten Studien wurde ein signifikanter Benefit durch Vitamin-D-Supplementierung für Menschen mit Prädiabetes gefunden in Bezug auf das Risiko, einen Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus zu entwickeln. Mit einer Number Needed to Treat (NNT) von 30 ist Vitamin D dabei nicht weit entfernt von anderen Interventionen wie z.B. radikaler Lebensstiländerung (NNT = 7) oder Metformin (NNT = 14). In absoluten Zahlen bedeutete eine Vitamin-D-Supplementierung eine 3,3 %ige Risikoreduktion. Patient:innen mit einem Body-Mass-Index (BMI) unter 30 kg/m2 sowie einem Vitamin-D-Mangel schienen besonders zu profitieren. Dies unterstreicht auch die Endocrine Society in ihren neuen klinischen Leitlinien zur Vitamin-D-Supplementierung, welche für eine breite Anzahl von Personengruppen empfohlen wird.Im Anbetracht der steigenden Zahlen von Insulinresistenz/Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus und der hohen Prävalenz des Vitamin-D-Mangels ist es wichtig, diese einfache und kostengünstige Möglichkeit der Vitamin-D-Supplementierung zu nützen.
A Novel Job Similarity Index for Career Transition in the Mining Industry
Authors: Soydan Hilal , Düzgün H.Şebnem , Brune Jurgen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, with the primary goal of capturing ongoing digital transformation and automation impacts on the mining industry and its workforce, we conduct several interviews with mining industry experts in the USA and analyze our survey reports qualitatively and quantitatively through exploratory analysis. After the interpretation of the insights of industry experts, we proceed to generate a personalized and customized data analysis through a novel metric based on skills, knowledge, competencies, and occupational requirements, which quantifies the job similarities for occupations in the mining industry based on the publicly available database of the United States Department of Labor. We utilize text analytics to tokenize and classify the interviews to capture a better understanding of major response categories. The temporal analysis shows that the critical competency needs in the data science and autonomy category increases from 28% in current demands to 43%. In defining our metric, we also calculate Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence for each job profile that enables determining whether and to what extent that job is transitionary in our test set based on the mean, standard deviation, and kurtosis of each job of interest. Our analysis reveals that the in-group job transitions are significantly easier than the between-group transitions, proving our initial assumptions and common sense. The generated heat maps provide the opportunity to present the gap between the current job and desired job profiles that provide feasible career change options, among others, offering individualized career paths for job seekers and promoting potential job transitions. Through the collection of industry-specific individual employee data, the AI system is envisaged to continue to learn as end users engage with the system, thus creating a central data hub specifically for the future workforce in the mining industry. Although the study has limitations on generalizability for qualitative assessments, it presents itself as a valuable application of how qualitative and quantitative approaches could be of value for future worker training in the mining sector.