bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The usefulness of routine histopathology of bilateral nasal polyps – a systematic review, meta-analysis, and cost evaluation
Authors: Wong Jay SM , Hoffbauer Stephanie , Yeh David H , Rotenberg Brian , Gupta Michael , Sommer Doron D 
Published: November 2015

Background Controversy regarding the usefulness of routine histopathological examination of bilateral nasal polyps removed during endoscopic sinus surgery to identify occult diagnoses still exists. There is a paucity of high-level evidence in the literature. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Two independent reviewers were used. Pooled proportions and numbers needed to screen were calculated. A cost per life year model was generated based on varying survival benefits and compared to other Canadian screening programs to provide financial context. Results Six studies ( n = 3772 patients) were included. Of the 3772 patients, 3751 had a pre-operative clinical and post-operative pathological diagnosis of inflammatory nasal polyps. Agreement proportion was 99.44 %. There were 18 unexpected benign and three unexpected malignant diagnoses identified. This translated to a proportion of 0.48 and 0.08 % respectively. Number needed to screen was 210 and 1258 respectively. Pooled proportion for expected findings using a random effect model was 0.99 (95 % CI = 0.99–1). Pooled proportion for unexpected benign findings using a random effect model was 0.00522 (95 % CI = 0.00133–0.01). Pooled proportion for unexpected malignant findings using a random effect model was 0.00107 (95 % CI = 0.000147–0.00283). The cost to pick up one unexpected benign diagnosis was ․14557.2. The cost to pick up 1 unexpected malignant diagnosis was ․87204.56. Cost per quality life year calculated ranged from 3211.83 to ․64677.58 based on varying assumptions on the survival benefits of identifying an unexpected malignancy. Conclusions Routine pathological examination in screening for neoplasia may be low yield, however, no compelling evidence was found to cease such practice. Surgeons should exercise individual judgment in requesting routine examination.
A classic model animal in the 21st century: recent lessons from the leech nervous system
Authors: Wagenaar Daniel A. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
The medicinal leech (genus Hirudo) is a classic model animal in systems neuroscience. The leech has been central to many integrative studies that establish how properties of neurons and their interconnections give rise to the functioning of the animal at the behavioral level. Leeches exhibit several discrete behaviors (such as crawling, swimming and feeding) that are each relatively simple. Importantly, these behaviors can all be studied – at least at a basal level – in the isolated nervous system. The leech nervous system is particularly amenable to such studies because of its distributed nature; sensory processing and generation of behavior occur to a large degree in iterated segmental ganglia that each contain only ∼400 neurons. Furthermore, the neurons are relatively large and are arranged with stereotyped topography on the surface of the ganglion, which greatly facilitates their identification and accessibility. This Commentary provides an overview of recent work on the leech nervous system, with particular focus on circuits that underlie leech behavior. Studies that combine the unique features of the leech with modern optical and genetic techniques are also discussed. Thus, this Commentary aims to explain the continued appeal of the leech as an experimental animal in the 21st century.
Gas exchange and dive characteristics of the free-swimming backswimmer Anisops deanei
Authors: Jones Karl K. , Snelling Edward P. , Watson Amy P. , Seymour Roger S. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Many aquatic insects utilise air bubbles on the surface of their bodies to supply O2 while they dive. The bubbles can simply store O2, as in the case of an ‘air store’, or they can act as a physical ‘gas gill’, extracting O2 from the water. Backswimmers of the genus Anisops augment their air store with O2 from haemoglobin cells located in the abdomen. The O2 release from the haemoglobin helps stabilise bubble volume, enabling backswimmers to remain near neutrally buoyant for a period of the dive. It is generally assumed that the backswimmer air store does not act as a gas gill and that gas exchange with the water is negligible. This study combines measurements of dive characteristics under different exotic gases (N2, He, SF6, CO) with mathematical modelling, to show that the air store of the backswimmer Anisops deanei does exchange gases with the water. Our results indicate that approximately 20% of O2 consumed during a dive is obtained directly from the water. Oxygen from the water complements that released from the haemoglobin, extending the period of near-neutral buoyancy and increasing dive duration.
Chemical cues from fish heighten visual sensitivity in larval crabs through changes in photoreceptor structure and function
Authors: Charpentier Corie L. , Cohen Jonathan H. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Several predator avoidance strategies in zooplankton rely on the use of light to control vertical position in the water column. Although light is the primary cue for such photobehavior, predator chemical cues or kairomones increase swimming responses to light. We currently lack a mechanistic understanding for how zooplankton integrate visual and chemical cues to mediate phenotypic plasticity in defensive photobehavior. In marine systems, kairomones are thought to be amino sugar degradation products of fish body mucus. Here, we demonstrate that increasing concentrations of fish kairomones heightened sensitivity of light-mediated swimming behavior for two larval crab species (Rhithropanopeus harrisii and Hemigrapsus sanguineus). Consistent with these behavioral results, we report increased visual sensitivity at the retinal level in larval crab eyes directly following acute (1–3 h) kairomone exposure, as evidenced electrophysiologically from V–log I curves and morphologically from wider, shorter rhabdoms. The observed increases in visual sensitivity do not correspond with a decline in temporal resolution, because latency in electrophysiological responses actually increased after kairomone exposure. Collectively, these data suggest that phenotypic plasticity in larval crab photobehavior is achieved, at least in part, through rapid changes in photoreceptor structure and function.
Inhibition and Induction of Quorum Sensing Using Complexes between N-Acylhomoserine Lactone and Self-assembled Polymer Micelles
Authors: Okano Chigusa , Kato Norihiro 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A self-assembled micelle of a triblock copolymer, poloxamer 407, effectively forms a complex with N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) as a quorum-sensing (QS) signal in Gram-negative bacteria. The inhibitory effect of the poloxamer on QS in Serratia marcescens AS-1 enhanced at a concentration above a critical micelle concentration (CMC). The poloxamer micelle constitutes a novel class of QS regulator, which can activate the QS in AHL-negative strain S. marcescens AS-1S by the released AHL from AHL-loaded micelles added from outside.
Subdivisions of the adult zebrafish pallium based on molecular marker analysis
Authors: Ganz Julia , Kroehne Volker , Freudenreich Dorian , Machate Anja , Geffarth Michaela , Braasch Ingo , Kaslin Jan , Brand Michael 
Published: November 2015

Background: The telencephalon shows a remarkable structural diversity among vertebrates. In particular, the everted telencephalon of ray-finned fishes has a markedly different morphology compared to the evaginated telencephalon of all other vertebrates. This difference in development has hampered the comparison between different areas of the pallium of ray-finned fishes and the pallial nuclei of all other vertebrates. Various models of homology between pallial subdivisions in ray-finned fishes and the pallial nuclei in tetrapods have been proposed based on connectional, neurochemical, gene expression and functional data. However, no consensus has been reached so far. In recent years, the analysis of conserved developmental marker genes has assisted the identification of homologies for different parts of the telencephalon among several tetrapod species.Results: We have investigated the gene expression pattern of conserved marker genes in the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)pallium to identify pallial subdivisions and their homology to pallial nuclei in tetrapods. Combinatorial expression analysis ofascl1a,eomesa,emx1,emx2,emx3, and Prox1 identifies four main divisions in the adult zebrafish pallium. Within these subdivisions, we propose that Dm is homologous to the pallial amygdala in tetrapods and that the dorsal subdivision of Dl is homologous to part of the hippocampal formation in mouse. We have complemented this analysis be examining the gene expression ofemx1,emx2andemx3in the zebrafish larval brain.Conclusions: Based on our gene expression data, we propose a new model of subdivisions in the adult zebrafish pallium and their putative homologies to pallial nuclei in tetrapods. Pallial nuclei control sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, like memory, learning and emotion. The identification of pallial subdivisions in the adult zebrafish and their homologies to pallial nuclei in tetrapods will contribute to the use of the zebrafish system as a model for neurobiological research and human neurodegenerative diseases.
Dynamics of dissolved iron and other bioactive trace metals (Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn) in the Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica
Authors: Sherrell R.M. , Lagerström M.E. , Forsch K.O. , Stammerjohn S.E. , Yager P.L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The Amundsen Sea Polynya is experiencing large increases in glacial meltwater input and hosts an extremely productive and long-lasting summer phytoplankton bloom, suggesting a crucial role for natural Fe fertilization. Early summer distributions and dynamics of the dissolved bioactive metals Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Ni were investigated during a three week period in 2010–2011, using GEOTRACES-compliant methods. Dissolved Fe was very low (0.06–0.12 nmol kg−1) in the upper 20 m of the central polynya, suggesting that the sub-maximal rates of in situ primary productivity reported previously for this growth phase of the bloom are attributable to insufficient Fe availability. Weeks after the sampling period, phytoplankton biomass accumulated to peak bloom conditions, implying a continuous supply of bioavailable Fe to the euphotic zone. The dominant biologically-relevant Fe source was meltwater-enriched seawater flowing from the Dotson Ice Shelf cavity and delivering Fe at 0.7 nmol kg−1 to the broader polynya. The modest Fe content of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW; 0.3 nmol kg−1), invading through cross-shelf troughs, was strongly augmented by benthic Fe inputs, which may combine with glacial meltwater dFe in the Dotson outflow. Sea ice melting provided a modest local Fe flux, insufficient to drive large annual blooms. Dissolved Mn was strongly reduced in surface waters, but displayed a subsurface maximum likely advected through the region from shallow coastal sediments. Nutrient-type elements Zn, Cu and Ni had large to small dynamic ranges, respectively, and increasing concentrations with depth, indicating uptake and remineralization within the polynya system. Surface water drawdown ratios of metals and nutrients provided novel estimates of metal quotas (metal/P) for the dominant bloom phytoplankton, Phaeocystis antarctica. At one unique mature bloom station, Zn and Cu were scavenged to low concentrations throughout the 350 m water column, a possible result of intense removal onto sinking Phaeocystis biodetritus. The Amundsen Sea appears to be a model region for studying the biogeochemical consequences of increased glacial meltwater inputs.
Existence and multiplicity results for the fractional Laplacian in bounded domains
Authors: Mugnai Dimitri , Pagliardini Dayana 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper, first we study existence results for a linearly perturbed elliptic problem driven by the fractional Laplacian. Then, we show a multiplicity result when the perturbation parameter is close to the eigenvalues. This latter result is obtained by exploiting the topological structure of the sublevels of the associated functional, which permits to apply a critical point theorem of mixed nature due to Marino and Saccon.
Likelihood Inference for the Lifetime Performance Index under Progressive Type-II Censoring
Authors: Laumen Benjamin , Cramer Erhard 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Likelihood inference for the lifetime performance index CL
is discussed in the presence of progressive censoring. We illustrate that many results available in the literature can be traced back to the exponential case using appropriate transformations of the data. Further, we present procedures to compute the MLE of CL
under the assumption of gamma distributed lifetimes. The results are illustrated by a simulation study and applied to a data set.
Knowledge and perception of young adults in Nigeria on effectiveness of condom use in prevention of sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Anyanwu Philip Emeka , Fulton John 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Background:
Although sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a global health problem affecting every region of the world, the higher prevalence and mortality rate of STIs in developing countries of the world, like Nigeria, make them serious public health issues in this region.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and perception of young adults in Nigeria on the role of condom (both male and female condoms) as a preventive measure against STIs during heterosexual and homosexual intercourse.

Materials and methods:
Data was collected from participants selected from the northern and southern Nigeria using self-administered questionnaire specifically designed for this study.

Results:
Knowledge of condom efficacy in STI prevention was satisfactory. However, knowledge and practice of the correct use of condom was poor. Only 47.1% of the 102 participants in this study reported correct condom use of wearing condoms before staring intercourse and removing condoms after ejaculation. As a strategy to include the experiences, knowledge and perception of men who have sex with men, this study asked the question on condom use during anal sex. Only 24.4% of the male participants indicated they have never had anal sex while for females, the percentage was more than half (53.5%). Condom use during anal sex was low with only 20.6% of participants reporting condom use during anal sex. Negative perceptions about condom use – such as that condom use promotes sexual promiscuity, and not using condoms with steady sexual partners – were significant in this study. Also, condom use errors were common in this study.

Conclusion:
There is a wide gap in knowledge of correct condom use in this population. There is need for interventions that address the issue of condom use during anal and same-sex sexual intercourse in this population.
CFD Modelling of a Hollow Fibre Membrane for CO2 Removal by Aqueous Amine Solutions of MEA, DEA and MDEA
Authors: Gilassi Sina , Rahmanian Nejat 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A mass transfer model was developed to capture CO2 from a gas mixture in hollow fibre membrane contactors under laminar flow conditions. The axial and radial diffusions through membrane and convection in tube and shell sides with chemical reaction were investigated. COMSOL software was used to numerically solve a system of non-linear equations with boundary conditions by use of the finite element method. Three different amine solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA) and n-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) were chosen as absorbent in lumen to consider the mass transfer rate of CO2 and its removal efficiency. The modelling results were compared with experimental data available in the literature and a good agreement was observed. The CFD results revealed that MEA had the best performance for CO2 removal as compared to DEA and MDEA under various operating conditions due to the different CO2 loading factor of absorbents. Furthermore, efficiency of CO2 removal was highly dependent on the absorbent concentration and flow rate, increasing of the gas flow rate caused a reduction in gas residence time in the shell and consequently declined CO2 mass transfer. The modelling results showed the effect of absorbent concentration on the CO2 mass transfer was improved due to availability of absorbent reactants at the gas-liquid interface.
One-phase Stefan problem with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and
a boundary condition of Robin type
Authors: Briozzo Adriana C. , Natale María Fernanda 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We study a one-phase Stefan problem for a semi-infinite material with
temperature-dependent thermal conductivity with a boundary
condition of Robin type at the fixed face x = 0. We obtain sufficient
conditions for data in order to have a parametric representation of the
solution of similarity type for t ≥ t
0 > 0 with t
0 an arbitrary positive time. This explicit solution is obtained through the
unique solution of an integral equation with the time as a parameter.
Additive Nonparametric Instrumental Regressions: A Guide to Implementation
Authors: Centorrino Samuele , Feve Frederique , Florens Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe present a review on the implementation of regularization methods for the estimation of additive nonparametric regression models with instrumental variables. We consider various versions of Tikhonov, Landweber-Fridman and Sieve (Petrov-Galerkin) regularization. We review data-driven techniques for the sequential choice of the smoothing and the regularization parameters. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we discuss the finite sample properties of each regularization method for different smoothness properties of the regression function. Finally, we present an application to the estimation of the Engel curve for food in a sample of rural households in Pakistan, where a partially linear specification is described that allows one to embed other exogenous covariates.
Nonclassical Symmetry Analysis of Heated Two-Dimensional Flow Problems
Authors: Naeem Imran , Naz Rehana , Khan Muhammad Danish 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This article analyses the nonclassical symmetries and group invariant solution of boundary layer equations for two-dimensional heated flows. First, we derive the nonclassical symmetry determining equations with the aid of the computer package SADE. We solve these equations directly to obtain nonclassical symmetries. We follow standard procedure of computing nonclassical symmetries and consider two different scenarios, ξ
1≠0 and ξ
1=0, ξ
2≠0. Several nonclassical symmetries are reported for both scenarios. Furthermore, numerous group invariant solutions for nonclassical symmetries are derived. The similarity variables associated with each nonclassical symmetry are computed. The similarity variables reduce the system of partial differential equations (PDEs) to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in terms of similarity variables. The reduced system of ODEs are solved to obtain group invariant solution for governing boundary layer equations for two-dimensional heated flow problems. We successfully formulate a physical problem of heat transfer analysis for fluid flow over a linearly stretching porous plat and, with suitable boundary conditions, we solve this problem.
A Serotonin Circuit Acts as an Environmental Sensor to Mediate Midline Axon Crossing through EphrinB2
Authors: Xing Lingyan , Son Jong-Hyun , Stevenson Tamara J. , Lillesaar Christina , Bally-Cuif Laure , Dahl Tiffanie , Bonkowsky Joshua L. 
Published: November 2015

Modulation of connectivity formation in the developing brain in response to external stimuli is poorly understood. Here, we show that the raphe nucleus and its serotonergic projections regulate pathfinding of commissural axons in zebrafish. We found that the raphe neurons extend projections toward midline-crossing axons and that when serotonergic signaling is blocked by pharmacological inhibition or by raphe neuron ablation, commissural pathfinding is disrupted. We demonstrate that the serotonin receptorhtr2ais expressed on these commissural axons and that genetic knock-down ofhtr2adisrupts crossing. We further show that knock-down ofhtr2aor ablation of the raphe neurons increases ephrinB2a protein levels in commissural axons. AnephrinB2amutant can rescue midline crossing when serotonergic signaling is blocked. Furthermore, we found that regulation of serotonin expression in the raphe neurons is modulated in response to the developmental environment. Hypoxia causes the raphe to decrease serotonin levels, leading to a reduction in midline crossing. Increasing serotonin in the setting of hypoxia restored midline crossing. Our findings demonstrate an instructive role for serotonin in axon guidance acting throughephrinB2aand reveal a novel mechanism for developmental interpretation of the environmental milieu in the generation of mature neural circuitry.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe show here that serotonin has a novel role in regulating connectivity in response to the developmental environment. We demonstrate that serotonergic projections from raphe neurons regulate pathfinding of crossing axons. The neurons modulate their serotonin levels, and thus alter crossing, in response to the developmental environment including hypoxia. The findings suggest that modification of the serotonergic system by early exposures may contribute to permanent CNS connectivity alterations. This has important ramifications because of the association between premature birth and accompanying hypoxia, and increased risk of autism and evidence associatingin uteroexposure to some antidepressants and neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, this work demonstrates that the vertebrate CNS can modulate its connectivity in response to the external environment.
Dopamine D1 Binding Potential Predicts Fusiform BOLD Activity during Face-Recognition Performance
Authors: Rypma Bart , Fischer Håkan , Rieckmann Anna , Hubbard Nicholas A. , Nyberg Lars , Bäckman Lars 
Published: November 2015

The importance of face memory in humans and primates is well established, but little is known about the neurotransmitter systems involved in face recognition. We tested the hypothesis that face recognition is linked to dopamine (DA) activity in fusiform gyrus (FFG). DA availability was assessed by measuring D1 binding potential (BP) during rest using PET. We further assessed blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal change while subjects performed a face-recognition task during fMRI scanning. There was a strong association between D1 BP and BOLD activity in FFG, whereas D1 BP in striatal and other extrastriatal regions were unrelated to neural activity in FFG. These results suggest that D1 BP locally modulates FFG function during face recognition. Observed relationships among D1 BP, BOLD activity, and face-recognition performance further suggest that D1 receptors place constraints on the responsiveness of FFG neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe importance of face memory in humans and primates is well established, but little is known about the neurotransmitter systems involved in face recognition. Our work shows a role for a specific neurotransmitter system in face memory.