bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Stannylenes Stabilized with Diethylenetriamido and ­Related Amido Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Chemical Properties
Authors: Huang Mengmeng , Kireenko Marina M. , Lermontova El'mira Kh. , Churakov Andrei V. , Oprunenko Yuri F. , Zaitsev Kirill V. , Sorokin Denis , Harms Klaus , Sundermeyer Jörg , Zaitseva Galina S. , Karlov Sergey S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractComplexes of divalent tin 7–12 with diethylenetriamines 1–3 and related ligands 4–6 were prepared from Lappert's stannylene, Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2, and the corresponding ligands. Reactivity of the stannylenes in insertion, oxidation and [1+4] cycloaddition reactions were studied. Composition and structures of the products were confirmed by elemental analyses and multinuclear (1H, 13C, 19F, and 119Sn) NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structures of the diethylenetriamines 1, 2, stannylenes 7, 8 and the product of the reaction of stannylene 8 with an azide, which contains an eight‐membered (SnNPO)2 ring, were determined by X‐ray diffraction study.
Measuring Arterial Oxygenation in a High Altitude Field Environment: Comparing Portable Pulse Oximetry With Blood Gas Analysis
Authors: Ross Elliot M. , Matteucci Michael J. , Shepherd Matthew , Barker Matthew , Orr Lance 
Published: February 2013

Objective High altitude environments present unique medical treatment challenges. Medical providers often use small portable pulse oximetry devices to help guide their clinical decision making. A significant body of high altitude research is based on the use of these devices to monitor hypoxia, yet there is a paucity of evidence that these devices are accurate in these environments. We studied whether these devices perform accurately and reliably under true mountain conditions. Methods Healthy unacclimatized active-duty military volunteers participating in mountain warfare training at 2100 m (6900 feet) above sea level were evaluated with several different pulse oximetry devices while in a cold weather, high altitude field environment and then had arterial blood gases (ABG) drawn using an i-STAT for comparison. The pulse oximeter readings were compared with the gold standard ABG readings. Results A total of 49 individuals completed the study. There was no statistically significant difference between any of the devices and the gold standard of ABG. The best performing device was the PalmSAT (PS) 8000SM finger probe with a mean difference of 2.17% and SD of 2.56 (95% CI, 1.42% to 2.92%). In decreasing order of performance were the PS 8000AA finger probe (mean ± SD, 2.54% ± 2.68%; 95% CI, 1.76% to 3.32%), the PS 8000Q ear probe (2.47% ± 4.36%; 95% CI, 1.21% to 3.75%), the Nonin Onyx 9500 (3.29% ± 3.12%; 95% CI, 2.39% to 4.20%), and finally the PS 8000R forehead reflectance sensor (5.15% ± 2.97%; 95% CI, 4.28% to 6.01%). Conclusions Based on the results of this study, results of the newer portable pulse oximeters appear to be closely correlated to that of the ABG measurements when tested in true mountain conditions.
Nonlinear wave propagation of large amplitude ion-acoustic solitary waves in negative ion plasmas with superthermal electrons
Authors: EL-LABANY S. K. , SABRY R. , EL-SHAMY E. F. , KHEDR D. M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractInvestigation of arbitrary amplitude nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary waves which accompany collisionless positive–negative ion plasmas with high-energy electrons (represented by kappa distribution) is presented. Arbitrary amplitude solitary waves are investigated by deriving an energy-integral equation involving a Sagdeev-like pseudopotential. The existence regions of solitary pulses are, defined precisely, modified by the superthermality of energetic electrons. Furthermore, numerical calculations reveal that both compressive and rarefactive pulses may exist for negative ion mass groups in Titan's atmosphere. The superthermality of energetic electrons are found to modify the existence domains of large amplitude ion-acoustic waves in Titan's atmosphere. The dependence of solitary excitation characteristics on the superthermal parameter, the negative ion concentration, the positive-to-negative ions mass ratio, and the Mach number have been investigated. The present study might be helpful to understand the excitation of fully nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary pulses that may appear in the interplanetary medium and/or in the astrophysical plasmas in general.
Zap's Prague: the city, the nation and Czech elites before 1848
Authors: BRYANT CHAD 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT:Karel Vladislav Zap, who came of age during the 1830 revolutions in Europe, belonged to a generation of Czech elites determined to promote national consciousness while actively carving out a space within Prague's middle-class social milieu. Zap, as his topographies of the city demonstrate, also called on his countrymen to claim the city and its structures from their German-speaking neighbours, thus contributing to a dynamic that would continue throughout the century.
Probing General Relativity with Accreting Black Holes
Authors: Fabian A. C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMost of the X-ray emission from luminous accreting black holes emerges from within 20 gravitational radii. The effective emission radius is several times smaller if the black hole is rapidly spinning. General Relativistic effects can then be very important. Large spacetime curvature causes strong lightbending and large gravitational redshifts. The hard X-ray, power-law-emitting corona irradiates the accretion disc generating an X-ray reflection component. Atomic features in the reflection spectrum allow gravitational redshifts to be measured. Time delays between observed variations in the power-law and the reflection spectrum (reverberation) enable the physical scale of the reflecting region to be determined. The relative strength of the reflection and power-law continuum depends on light bending. All of these observed effects enable the immediate environment of the black hole where the effects of General Relativity are on display to be probed and explored.
Dusty origin of the Broad Line Region in active galaxies
Authors: Czerny Bozena , Hryniewicz Krzysztof , Kaluzny Janusz , Maity Ishita 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe most characteristic property of active galaxies, including quasars, are prominent broad emission lines. I will discuss an interesting possibility that dust is responsible for this phenomenon. The dust is known to be present in quasars in the form of a dusty/molecular torus which results in complexity of the appearance of active galaxies. However, this dust is located further from the black hole than the Broad Line Region. We propose that the dust is present also closer in and it is actually responsible for formation of the broad emission lines. The argument is based on determination of the temperature of the disk atmosphere underlying the Broad Line Region: it is close to 1000 K, independently from the black hole mass and accretion rate of the object. The mechanism is simple and universal but leads to a considerable complexity of the active nucleus surrounding. The understanding the formation of BLR opens a way to use it reliably - in combination with reverberation measurement of its size - as standard candles in cosmology.
Outflows from Accretion Disks around Compact Objects
Authors: Jiao Cheng-Liang , Wu Xue-Bing 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe solve the set of hydrodynamic equations for accretion disks in the spherical coordinates (rθφ) to obtain the explicit structure along the θ direction. The results display thinner, quasi-Keplerian disks for Shakura-Sunyaev Disks (SSDs) and thicker, sub-Keplerian disks for Advection Dominated Accretion Flows (ADAFs) and slim disks, which are consistent with previous popular analytical models, while an inflow region and an outflow region always exist, which supports the results of some recent numerical simulation works. Our results indicate that the outflows should be common in various accretion disks and stronger in slim disks and ADAFs.
Formation of millisecond pulsars - NS initial mass and EOS constraints
Authors: Bejger Michał , Fortin Morgane , Haensel Paweł , Zdunik J. Leszek 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRecent measurement of a high millisecond pulsar mass (PSR J1614-2230, 1.97± 0.04 M⊙) compared with the low mass of PSR J0751+1807 (1.26± 0.14 M⊙) indicates a large span of masses of recycled pulsars and suggests a broad range of neutron stars masses at birth. We aim at reconstructing the pre-accretion masses for these pulsars while taking into account interaction of the magnetic field with a thin accretion disk, magnetic field decay and relativistic 2D solutions for stellar configurations for a set of equations of state. We briefly discuss the evolutionary scenarios leading to the formation of these neutron stars and study the influence of the equation of state.
Late-time evolution of ultracompact X-ray binaries
Authors: van Haaften L. M. , Nelemans G. , Voss R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUltracompact X-ray binaries (UCXBs) have orbital periods shorter than about 80 minutes and typically consist of a neutron star that accretes hydrogen-poor matter from a white dwarf companion. Angular momentum loss via gravitational wave radiation drives mass transfer via Roche-lobe overflow. The late-time evolution of UCXBs is poorly understood – all 13 known systems are relatively young and it is not clear why. One question is whether old UCXBs actually still exist, or have they become disrupted at some point? Alternatively they may be simply too faint to see. To investigate this, we apply the theories of dynamical instability, the magnetic propeller effect, and evaporation of the donor, to the UCXB evolution. We find that both the propeller effect and evaporation are promising explanations for the absence of observed long-period UCXBs.
Unveiling the super-orbital modulation of LS I + 61°303 in X-rays
Authors: Li Jian , Torres Diego F. , Zhang Shu , Hadasch Daniela , Rea Nanda , Caliandro G. Andrea , Chen Yupeng , Wang Jianmin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe found evidence for the super–orbital modulation in the X-ray emission of LS I + 61°303 from the longest monitoring date by the RXTE. The time evolution of the modulated fraction in the orbital light curves can be well fitted with a sinusoidal function having a super-orbital period of 1667 days. However, we have found a 281.8±44.6 day shift between the super-orbital variability found at radio frequencies and our X-ray data. We also find a super-orbital modulation in the maximum count rate of the orbital light curves, compatible with the former results, including the shift.
The Origin of Weak Emission-Line AGNs
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zhang Jin , Zhang Shuang-Nan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSome abnormal AGNs are discovered in the SDSS data recently. The usual UV/optical emission lines are exceptionally weak in their UV/optical spectroscopy, though the shapes and luminosities of their continua are comparable with that of the normal AGNs. We investigated the optical variations and the near-infrared spectra of these weak emission-line AGNs. We propose that these AGNs can be interpreted as the early stage of an active cycle of AGNs.
The AGN-Starburst Connection traced by the Nitrogen Abundance
Authors: Matsuoka Kenta , Nagao Tohru , Marconi Alessandro , Maiolino Roberto , Taniguchi Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe connection between the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and star formation activity is one of the most important issues in understanding the coevolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and galaxies. In our recent study, by using SDSS quasar spectra we found that the emission-line flux rations involving a nitrogen line correlate with the Eddington ratio. This correlation suggests that the mass accretion in quasars is associated with a post-starburst phase, when AGB stars enrich the interstellar medium with the nitrogen. Moreover, we focused on nitrogen-loud quasars, that have prominent emission lines of the nitrogen, to investigate whether this argument is correct. In this symposium, we present our results regarding the relation between the star formation and feeding to SMBHs traced by the nitrogen abundance.
Accretion Effects on Disks Around Non-Magnetic Compact Objects
Authors: Montgomery Michele M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAccretion disks in compact binaries are thought to sometimes tilt and precess in the retrograde direction as indicated by modulations in light curves and/or signals. Using 3D Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics and a low mass transfer rate, Montgomery (2012) shows the disk in non-magnetic Cataclysmic Variables tilts naturally after enough time has passed. In that work, twice the fundamental negative superhump signal 2ν_ is associated with disk tilt around the line of nodes, gas stream overflow approximately twice per orbital period, and retrograde precession. In this work, we show that after enough additional time has passed in the same simulation, the 4ν_ harmonic appears. The decrease in the 2ν_ amplitude approximately equals the amplitude of the 4ν_ harmonic. We discuss the implications.
Progenitors of type Ia supernovae and their surviving companion stars
Authors: Wang B. , Liu Z. , Chen H. , Jia S. , Han Z. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractType Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are the best cosmological distance indicator, however, there is still no agreement on the nature of their progenitors. There are mainly two progenitor scenarios, i.e., the single degenerate (SD) and double degenerate (DD) scenarios. In this article, we introduced our binary evolution models of various progenitor scenarios. We also obtained many properties of the surviving companions from various SD systems, which may be helpful for identifying SN Ia progenitor model. At present, it seems likely that more than one progenitor model may be required to explain the observed diversity of SNe Ia.
Parameter constrain in neutron star by twin kHz QPOs
Authors: Wang D. H. , Chen L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe use data on twin kHz QPOs and measured neutron star (NS) masses to test the relation between the lower (ν1) and upper (ν2) peak frequencies predicted with the MHD Alfvén wave oscillation model (AWOM) and the general relativistic precession model (GRPM). In the context of AWOM, the NS radius can be constrained from kHz QPO data and a measured NS mass.
On the Reclassification of Short GRBs
Authors: Zhang Zhibin , Huang Yongfeng , Liu Hongchao 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBy collecting 17 short gamma-ray bursts with necessary data, we find a correlation of Lp ∝ Ep,i1.7, which is very consistent with that derived from a greatly expanded sample of 148 Swift long gamma-ray bursts. It is argued that the radiation mechanism of both long and short gamma-ray bursts should be similar, i.e., of quasi-thermal origin caused by the photosphere and the dissipation occurring very near the central engine. In addition, we suggest that the Ep,i-Lp relation can be used to identified a burst among normal short bursts, short bursts with extended emission and long bursts with short-hard properties. We also find the ratio of peak energy to fluence in the prompt γ-ray band is a prospective discriminator, similar to the traditional duration time.
Black hole masses from X-rays
Authors: Zhou Xin-Lin , Soria Roberto 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe discuss two methods to estimate black hole (BH) masses using X-ray data only: from the X-ray variability amplitude and from the photon index Γ. The first method is based on the anti-correlation between BH mass and X-ray variability amplitude. Using a sample of AGN with BH masses from reverberation mapping, we show that this method shows small intrinsic scatter. The second method is based on the correlation between Γ and both the Eddington ratio Lbol/LEdd and the bolometric correction Lbol/L2−10keV.
On the Origins of Gender Roles: Women and the Plough
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Authors: Alesina Alberto , Giuliano Paola , Nunn Nathan 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The study examines the historical origins of existing cross-cultural differences in beliefs and values regarding the appropriate role of women in society. We test the hypothesis that traditional agricultural practices influenced the historical gender division of labor and the evolution of gender norms. We find that, consistent with existing hypotheses, the descendants of societies that traditionally practiced plough agriculture today have less equal gender norms, measured using reported gender-role attitudes and female participation in the workplace, politics, and entrepreneurial activities. Our results hold looking across countries, across districts within countries, and across ethnicities within districts. To test for the importance of cultural persistence, we examine the children of immigrants living in Europe and the United States. We find that even among these individuals, all born and raised in the same country, those with a heritage of traditional plough use exhibit less equal beliefs about gender roles today.
Decision support model for energy‐efficient improvement of entire building stocks
Authors: Junghans Antje 
Published: February 2013

PurposeIn recent years, steadily rising and ever‐changing energy prices have required the development of sustainable strategies to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. Measures to improve the energy efficiency of detached houses have already been implemented. This new procedure addresses the energy efficient modernization to entire building stocks of public authorities and therefore targets to meet a key niche issue.Design/methodology/approachAs result of literature research the demand for a strategic approach for energy efficient improvement was pointed out. The model framework refers to four main requirements for a new procedure within a comprehensive view of facilities management (FM), lifecycle orientation, efficient working processes, setting of objectives and monitoring of results. In addition the literature research recorded five main methods and tools which were utilized for the model development.FindingsThe new constructed facility‐energy‐efficiency model (FEE‐model) supports the decision process. The starting point is the selection of the buildings with the highest energy saving potential. The next step is a deeper analysis of the as‐is‐state in comparison with a defined target state. After that improvement areas were identified and finally a recommendation for the implementation is given. The model was tested within practical cases of which a municipal kindergarten is documented as example in this article.Originality/valueThe paper provides useful information on energy efficient improvement of entire building stocks.
Advancing the transformation of local services in Staffordshire
Authors: Ellis Matthew , Curry Kim , Watson Jenny 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the work between statutory sector partners in Staffordshire to establish a transformational rather than transactional health and well being board and its approach to resource allocation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes the principles and process of achieving a shared ambition for Staffordshire, and the practical and strategic considerations of taking a broader and more ambitious approach than current guidance recommends.FindingsSupporting individual organisations to achieve their statutory requirements within the context of the shared vision, and using customer insight intelligently to influence the decision‐making process, are critical to success. The challenge of moving resources in times of financial hardship and organisational flux should not be underestimated.Practical implicationsThe process of moving resources into prevention and early intervention cannot be done in a “one size fits all” way and has to be considered as part of a differentiated approach. In addition, organisations must be willing to cede influence and resources to support the vision, thus challenging culture and traditional organisational boundaries and structures.Social implicationsThe process described in the paper is designed to improve health and well being for citizens in Staffordshire, tackling inequality in an integrated, targeted and proportionate way.Originality/valueThis is an emerging example of “whole system” integration.
A Raman study of 8‐Hydroxyquinoline release from loaded TiO2 nanocontainer
Authors: Kordas G.C. , Balaskas A.C. , Kartsonakis I.A. , Efthimiadou E.K. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the release of corrosion inhibitor from nanocontainers and to show that it can be released due to reaction with the substrate induced by corrosion. This is called self‐healing of corrosion. Raman spectroscopy was used to show that reaction after scratching of the surface and corrosion of the substrate.Design/methodology/approachTiO2 nanocontainers loaded with 8‐hydroxyquinoline (8‐HQ) were placed onto a copper substrate and wetted with in 0.05 M NaCl solution. The Raman spectrum of the modified copper surface was attributed to the Cu(8‐Q)2 compound. The incorporation of loaded nanocontainers into epoxy coatings showed enhanced protection against corrosion. Artificial defects were formed on the coatings in order to evaluate the corrosion process and the possible self‐healing effect. The Raman spectra in the scratch tentatively assigned to Cu(8‐Q)2 compound. This result shows that the enhanced anti‐corrosive properties of the films with loaded nanocontainers can be attributed to the released inhibitor from the nanocontainer.FindingsThe authors found that the corrosion of copper substrate induces the release of hydroxyquinoline and formation of a chelate. This is the self‐healing phenomenon.Practical implicationsThis can be employed for self‐healing in all structures, such as mechanical properties of bridges, etc.Social implicationsDamage occurs in all structures: the cost is immense – millions of dollars. Damage also occurs after an earthquake, accidents, etc. Self‐repairing is the key issue in modern science, therefore this article is of great importance.Originality/valueThe originality is that the authors showed, with Raman spectroscopy, that the chemicals in the nanocontainers in the coatings are released by the corrosion induced in the metal. This is the first spectroscopic proof of self‐healing.