bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related increases in stroop interference: Delineation of general slowing based on behavioral and white matter analyses
Authors: Wolf Dominik , Zschutschke Lisa , Scheurich Armin , Schmitz Florian , Lieb Klaus , Tüscher Oliver , Fellgiebel Andreas 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe Stroop interference task is a widely used paradigm to examine cognitive inhibition, which is a key component of goal‐directed behavior. With increasing age, reaction times in the Stroop interference task are usually slowed. However, to date it is still under debate if age‐related increases in reaction times are merely an artifact of general slowing. The current study was conducted to investigate the role of general slowing, as measured by Trail‐Making‐Test‐A, in age‐related alterations of Stroop interference. We applied Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to determine the topography of neuronal networks underlying Stroop interference under control of general slowing. On the behavioral level, linear regression analysis demonstrated that age accounted for significant variance on Stroop interference, whereas TMT‐A performance did not. Controlling for TMT‐A, DTI based white matter analyses demonstrated a strong association of Stroop interference with integrity measures of genu of corpus callosum, bilateral anterior corona radiata, and bilateral anterior limb of capsula interna. These pathways are associated with frontal brain regions by either connecting the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or the anterior cingulate cortex with frontal and subcortical regions or by containing fibers which are part of cortico‐thalamic circuits that cross prefrontal regions. Importantly, results expand our knowledge of the neural basis of Stroop interference and emphasize the importance of white matter integrity of frontal pathways in the modulation of Stroop interference. Combining behavioral and DTI findings our results further suggest that cognitive inhibition, as measured by Stroop task, is a qualitatively distinct cognitive process that declines with age. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2448–2458, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gray and white matter correlates of navigational ability in humans
Authors: Wegman Joost , Fonteijn Hubert M. , van Ekert Janneke , Tyborowska Anna , Jansen Clemens , Janzen Gabriele 
Published: September 2013

AbstractHumans differ widely in their navigational abilities. Studies have shown that self‐reports on navigational abilities are good predictors of performance on navigation tasks in real and virtual environments. The caudate nucleus and medial temporal lobe regions have been suggested to subserve different navigational strategies. The ability to use different strategies might underlie navigational ability differences. This study examines the anatomical correlates of self‐reported navigational ability in both gray and white matter. Local gray matter volume was compared between a group (N = 134) of good and bad navigators using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM), as well as regional volumes. To compare between good and bad navigators, we also measured white matter anatomy using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and looked at fractional anisotropy (FA) values. We observed a trend toward higher local GM volume in right anterior parahippocampal/rhinal cortex for good versus bad navigators. Good male navigators showed significantly higher local GM volume in right hippocampus than bad male navigators. Conversely, bad navigators showed increased FA values in the internal capsule, the white matter bundle closest to the caudate nucleus and a trend toward higher local GM volume in the caudate nucleus. Furthermore, caudate nucleus regional volume correlated negatively with navigational ability. These convergent findings across imaging modalities are in line with findings showing that the caudate nucleus and the medial temporal lobes are involved in different wayfinding strategies. Our study is the first to show a link between self‐reported large‐scale navigational abilities and different measures of brain anatomy. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2561–2572, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Economic impact of a head and neck oncologic surgeon: The case mix index
Authors: Jalisi Scharukh , Sanan Akshay , Mcdonough Katie , Hussein Khalil , Platt Michael , Truong Minh Tam , Couch Marion , Burkey Brian B. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck oncologic surgery is a time‐consuming specialty that requires extensive resources and manpower. Case mix index (CMI) is used in evaluating the complexity and economic impact of surgeons. Head and neck oncologic surgeons generate significant revenue for hospitals, yet compensation is relatively low.MethodsRetrospective review of a tertiary hospital's case mix data for 605 otolaryngology admissions from 2009 to 2011 was performed. CMI comparison for head and neck oncologic surgeons versus general otolaryngology was performed.ResultsIn an otolaryngology department of 9 surgeons; there was a significant difference (p < .01) in the CMI and a significantly greater chance to have a “good CMI” (CMI >1) favoring head and neck oncologic surgeons.ConclusionHead and neck oncologic surgeons increase the CMI for hospitals and ultimately influence the hospital's reimbursement. There is a need for increased collaboration between hospitals and departments in fostering and furthering their head and neck surgical oncology programs by taking CMI into consideration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 36: 1420–1424, 2014
MHC Class II Transactivator Is an In Vivo Regulator of Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Homeostasis Co-opted From Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Benasciutti Elisa , Mariani Elisabetta , Oliva Laura , Scolari Maria , Perilli Egon , Barras Emmanuele , Milan Enrico , Orfanelli Ugo , Fazzalari Nicola L , Campana Lara , Capobianco Annalisa , Otten Luc , Particelli Francesca , Acha-Orbea Hans , Baruffaldi Fabio , Faccio Roberta , Sitia Roberto , Reith Walter , Cenci Simone 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

The molecular networks controlling bone homeostasis are not fully understood. The common evolution of bone and adaptive immunity encourages the investigation of shared regulatory circuits. MHC Class II Transactivator (CIITA) is a master transcriptional co-activator believed to be exclusively dedicated for antigen presentation. CIITA is expressed in osteoclast precursors, and its expression is accentuated in osteoporotic mice. We thus asked whether CIITA plays a role in bone biology. To this aim, we fully characterized the bone phenotype of two mouse models of CIITA overexpression, respectively systemic and restricted to the monocyte-osteoclast lineage. Both CIITA-overexpressing mouse models revealed severe spontaneous osteoporosis, as assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry, associated with increased osteoclast numbers and enhanced in vivo bone resorption, whereas osteoblast numbers and in vivo bone-forming activity were unaffected. To understand the underlying cellular and molecular bases, we investigated ex vivo the differentiation of mutant bone marrow monocytes into osteoclasts and immune effectors, as well as osteoclastogenic signaling pathways. CIITA-overexpressing monocytes differentiated normally into effector macrophages or dendritic cells but showed enhanced osteoclastogenesis, whereas CIITA ablation suppressed osteoclast differentiation. Increased c-fms and receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) signaling underlay enhanced osteoclast differentiation from CIITA-overexpressing precursors. Moreover, by extending selected phenotypic and cellular analyses to additional genetic mouse models, namely MHC Class II deficient mice and a transgenic mouse line lacking a specific CIITA promoter and re-expressing CIITA in the thymus, we excluded MHC Class II expression and T cells from contributing to the observed skeletal phenotype. Altogether, our study provides compelling genetic evidence that CIITA, the molecular switch of antigen presentation, plays a novel, unexpected function in skeletal homeostasis, independent of MHC Class II expression and T cells, by exerting a selective and intrinsic control of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vivo. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Moderating Effects of Impulsivity on Chinese Rural Young Suicide
Authors: Zhang Jie , Lin Lin 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesAs only about 50% of Chinese suicides have mental disorders, nonpsychiatric factors such as social environment and personality may account for the variance that is not explained by mental problems. We try to explore the effects of impulsivity on Chinese suicides and the role impulsivity plays in the relationship between negative life events (NLEs) and suicidal behavior.MethodA total of 392 suicide cases (178 female and 214 male, aged 15–34 years) and 416 community controls (202 males and 214 females) of the same age range were sampled in China. The case‐control data were obtained using psychological autopsy method with structured and semistructured instruments.ResultsImpulsivity was an important predictor of Chinese rural young suicides and it was a moderator between NLEs and suicide.ConclusionsFindings of the study may be translated into practical measures in suicide prevention in China as well as elsewhere in the world.
Interleukin‐15 gene therapy and the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus inhibit the growth of metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Zhao Na , Li Xiaodan , He Xianghui , Qiu Yujie , Zhu Liwei , Qi Feng 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundNovel methods to control and treat metastatic breast cancer are needed. Interleukin (IL)‐15 is a promising cytokine for cancer immunotherapy, and everolimus is an orally administered mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, which is already approved for cancer treatment. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of IL‐15 gene therapy and explored the possibility of combining IL‐15 therapy with everolimus to treat metastatic breast cancer.MethodsA plasmid encoding IL‐15 and everolimus were given to mice inoculated with 4 T1 mouse breast cancer cells. Tumor size and metastasis were monitored to assess the effect of different treatment regimens. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CD4+, CD8+ and NKG2D+ cells and also the expression of Ki‐67 in tumor tissue; these analyses helped establish the immunization status and tumor proliferation rate of different treatment groups. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays were performed to assess cellular apoptosis in tumor tissues.ResultsBoth IL‐15 and everolimus significantly decreased tumor size. IL‐15 gene therapy increased the proportion of CD4+ T and natural killer (NK) cells but had no effect on CD8+ T cells. By contrast, everolimus decreased the number of CD8+ T cells but had no effect on CD4+ T and NK cells compared to the control group. Both IL‐15 and everolimus decreased expression of Ki‐67 and increased rates of apoptosis. Although effective on their own, no synergistic effect was observed with a combined treatment of everolimus and IL‐15 gene therapy.ConclusionsIL‐15 gene therapy was potentially useful for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. The possibility of combining immunotherapy with everolimus requires further study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Four‐dimensional numerical modeling of crustal growth at active continental margins
Authors: Zhu Guizhi , Gerya Taras V. , Tackley Paul J. , Kissling Eduard 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCrustal growth and topography development in subduction‐related arcs are intimately related to magmatic processes and melt production above subducting slabs. Lateral and temporal variations in crustal thickness and composition have been observed in nature, but until now no integrated approach has been developed to comprehensively understand magmatic activity in subduction‐related arcs. Here we investigate the 4‐D spatial, temporal, and compositional character of continental crustal growth at active margins using a new 4‐D (space‐time) petrological‐thermomechanical numerical model of a subduction‐related magmatic arc. Based on a series of numerical experiments, we demonstrate that crustal growth inside the arc is inherently clustered in both space and time. The characteristic wavelength of variations in crustal thickness and topography along the arc is on the order of 30–80 km and is comparable to volcano clustering in natural arcs. The clusters of new crust are formed mainly by basaltic melt episodically extracted from partially molten peridotite due to lateral variation of water release and transport in the mantle wedge. Melts derived from subducted oceanic crust and sediments could contribute up to 15–50 vol% to the arc crust growth and their relative proportion is maximal at the onset of subduction. The total amount of newly formed crust correlates mainly with the amount of convergence since the beginning of subduction and is not strongly influenced by the plate convergence velocity. Indeed, slower subduction and lower melt extraction efficiency helps partially molten sediments and oceanic crust to be transported into the mantle wedge by hydrated, partially molten diapiric structures. For the modeled regime of stable subduction, the maximum crustal additional rate (25–40 km3/km/Myr) occurs when the amount of convergence reaches around 700 km. Mantle wedge structures developed in our models correlate well with available geophysical (seismological) observations for the Alaskan subduction zone. In particular, partially molten mantle plumes found in our models could explain low seismic anomalies in the mantle wedge, whereas mobile water and water release patterns could reflect paths and sources for magmatic activity evidenced by seismic b‐value and Vp/Vs ratio analysis.
The effect of pre‐treatment and modified atmosphere packaging on contents of phenolic compounds and sensory and microbiological quality of shredded celeriac
Authors: Radziejewska‐Kubzdela Elżbieta , Czapski Janusz , Czaczyk Katarzyna , Biegańska‐Marecik Róża 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of washing (4 °C, 120 s) or soaking (4 °C, 600 s) of shredded celeriac in tap water on changes in contents of phenolic compounds, including furanocoumarins, and sensory and microbiological quality during 12 days of storage. The product was packaged in air or modified atmosphere containing 2/10/88 kPa O2/CO2/N2.RESULTSThe applied pre‐treatment consisting of washing or soaking of shredded celeriac in water resulted in decreases in 8‐methoxypsoralen content by approximately 50 and 70% respectively and phenolic content by 30% compared with samples that were not subjected to pre‐treatment. During storage of shredded celeriac, a further significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in phenolic compounds and an approximately 2.5‐fold increase in the total content of furanocoumarins were found. The application of modified atmosphere packaging had a significant effect on the maintenance of good sensory and microbiological quality of the tested product.CONCLUSIONModified atmosphere packaging of shredded celeriac not subjected to pre‐treatment made it possible to obtain a product with good sensory and microbiological quality and the highest content of phenolic compounds. The level of furanocoumarins recorded in the tested product does not constitute a health hazard. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Gas‐Phase Reaction of Monomethylhydrazine with Ozone: Kinetics and OH Radical Formation
Authors: Richters S. , Berndt T. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe gas‐phase reaction of monomethylhydrazine (CH3NHNH2; MMH) with ozone was investigated in a flow tube at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 295 ± 2 K using N2/O2 mixtures (3–30 vol% O2) as the carrier gas. Proton transfer reaction–mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS) and long‐path FT‐IR spectroscopy served as the main analytical techniques. The kinetics of the title reaction was investigated with a relative rate technique yielding kMMH+O3 = (4.3 ± 1.0) × 10−15 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. Methyldiazene (CH3NNH; MeDia) has been identified as the main product in this reaction system as a result of PTR‐MS analysis. The reactivity of MeDia toward ozone was estimated relative to the reaction of MMH with ozone resulting in kMeDia+O3 = (2.7 ± 1.6) × 10−15 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. OH radicals were followed indirectly by phenol formation from the reaction of OH radicals with benzene. Increasing OH radical yields with increasing MMH conversion have been observed pointing to the importance of secondary processes for OH radical generation. Generally, the detected OH radical yields were definitely smaller than thought so far. The results of this study do not support the mechanism of OH radical formation from the reaction of MMH with ozone as proposed in the literature.
Beschriften mit Licht
Authors: Over Daniela 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn der Automobilindustrie, im medizintechnischen Bereich oder in der Getränkeindustrie: Heutzutage kommen Laser in vielen Branchen zum Kennzeichnen von Bauteilen oder Produkten zum Einsatz. Denn sie bieten gegenüber anderen Kennzeichnungstechnologien einige Vorteile: Nahezu jedes Material ist mittels Laser beschreibbar. Die Markierungen sind dauerhaft und präzise. Laser benötigen keine Verbrauchsmaterialien wie Etiketten, Tinte oder Solvent und die Technologie ist nahezu wartungsfrei.
Laserstrahl‐Remoteschweißen
Authors: Albert Florian , Müller Alexander , Sievi Pravin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDas Laserstrahl‐Remoteschweißen erfährt zunehmend an industrieller Bedeutung. Immer neue Aufgabengebiete erschließen sich mit dieser Technologie. Als Vorreiter treten neben dem Automobilbau heute zunehmend auch mittelständische Unternehmen aus dem metallverarbeitenden Gewerbe in den Vordergrund. Für alle Anwender stellt sich jedoch stets die Frage: Welche der am Markt verfügbaren Systeme sind für mich technisch sinnvoll und wirtschaftlich betreibbar? Der Beitrag soll anhand system‐ und prozesstechnischer Beispiele darauf Bezug nehmen.
Synthesis and 13C NMR Spectroscopy Analysis of Ethylene Copolymer with High Content of 4‐Penten‐1‐ol
Authors: Wang Wei , Hou Liping , Luo Shuiyuan , Zheng Gang , Wang Hongtao 
Published: September 2013

Copolymerization of ethylene with 4‐penten‐1‐ol (4P1O) is conducted by using a half‐titanocene catalyst. The incorporation of 4P1O is high as approximately 10 mol%. The assignments of the 13C NMR spectrum and the analysis of the sequence distribution show the existence of not only the alternative structure but also the repeated 4P1O units. The product of the reactive ratios is calculated as ca. 2.
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Increased 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate deaminase activity enhances Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated gene delivery into plant cells
Authors: Someya Tatsuhiko , Nonaka Satoko , Nakamura Kouji , Ezura Hiroshi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAgrobacterium‐mediated transformation is a useful tool for the genetic modification in plants, although its efficiency is low for several plant species. Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation has three major steps in laboratory‐controlled experiments: the delivery of T‐DNA into plant cells, the selection of transformed plant cells, and the regeneration of whole plants from the selected cells. Each of these steps must be optimized to improve the efficiency of Agrobacterium‐mediated plant transformation. It has been reported that increasing the number of cells transformed by T‐DNA delivery can improve the frequency of stable transformation. Previously, we demonstrated that a reduction in ethylene production by plant cells during cocultivation with A. tumefaciens‐expressing 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase resulted in increased T‐DNA delivery into the plant cells. In this study, to further improve T‐DNA delivery by A. tumefaciens, we modified the expression cassette of the ACC deaminase gene using vir gene promoter sequences. The ACC deaminase gene driven by the virD1 promoter was expressed at a higher level, resulting in a higher ACC deaminase activity in this A. tumefaciens strain than in the strain with the lac promoter used in a previous study. The newly developed A. tumefaciens strain improves the delivery of T‐DNA into Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Erianthus ravennae plants and thus may be a powerful tool for the Agrobacterium‐mediated genetic engineering of plants.
Venous coupler size in autologous breast reconstruction—does it matter?
Authors: Broer P. Niclas , Weichman Katie E. , Tanna Neil , Wilson Stelios , Ng Reuben , Ahn Christina , Choi Mihye , Karp Nolan S. , Levine Jamie P. , Allen Robert J. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundAutologous microvascular breast reconstruction is an increasingly common procedure. While arterial anastomoses are traditionally being hand‐sewn, venous anastomoses are often completed with a coupler device. The largest coupler size possible should be used, as determined by the smaller of either the donor or recipient vein. While its efficacy has been shown using 3.0‐mm size and greater couplers, little is known about the consequences of using coupler sizes less than or equal to 2.5 mm. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing autologous breast reconstruction was conducted at NYU Medical Center between November 2007 and November 2011. Flaps were divided into cohorts based on coupler size used: 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, and 3.0 mm. Outcomes included incidence of arterial or venous insufficiency, hematoma, fat necrosis, partial flap loss, full flap loss, and need for future fat grafting. Results: One‐hundred ninety‐seven patients underwent 392 flaps during the study period. Patients were similar in age, type of flap, smoking status, and radiation history. Coupler size less than or equal to 2.0 mm was found to be a significant risk factor for venous insufficiency (P = 0.038), as well as for development of fat necrosis (P = 0.041) and future need for fat grafting (P = 0.050). In multivariate analysis, body mass index was found to be an independent risk factor for skin flap necrosis (P = 0.010) and full flap loss (P = 0.035). Conclusions: Complications were significantly increased in patients where couplers of 2.0 mm or less were used, therefore to be avoided whenever possible. When needed, more aggressive vessel exposure through rib harvest, the use of thoracodorsal vessels or hand‐sewing the anastomosis should be considered in cases of internal mammary vein caliber of 2.0 mm or less.Clinical QuestionTherapeuticLevel of EvidenceLevel III. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 33:514–518, 2013.