bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model order reduction by Krylov subspace methods with global error bounds and automatic choice of parameters
Authors: Peuscher Heiko 
Published: July 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Dissertation stellt rigorose Fehlerschranken und Verfahren zur
automatischen Entwicklungspunktwahl bei der Modellordnungsreduktion linearer,
zeitinvarianter Systeme mittels Krylow-Unterraum-Methoden vor.
Die örtliche Diskretisierung partieller Differentialgleichungen, welche zur
Beschreibung dynamischer Systeme in diversen ingenieurwissenschaftlichen
Bereichen zum Einsatz kommen, führt meist zu sehr großen Systemen gewöhnlicher
Differentialgleichungen, deren Anzahl mit steigenden Ansprüchen an die
Modellgenauigkeit zunimmt. Zur Erfüllung von Simulations-, Regelungs- oder
Optimierungsaufgaben ist eine Vereinfachung des Modells daher oft
unumgänglich; hierzu wurden zahlreiche Methoden mit spezifischen Vor- und
Nachteilen beschrieben. Krylow-Unterraum-Methoden, die im Zentrum dieser
Arbeit stehen, erfordern verhältnismäßig geringen numerischen Aufwand und sind
daher zur Reduktion auch sehr großer Modelle geeignet. Allerdings erhalten sie
nicht zwangsläufig die Stabilität des Modells, bieten keine Information über
die Reduktionsgüte und erfordern die günstige Wahl gewisser Parameter, der
sogenannten Entwicklungspunkte (,,Shifts“) sowie der Ordnung des reduzierten
Modells.
Ausgehend von einer neuen Formulierung des Fehlersystems werden neue Zugänge
zu diesen Problemstellungen aufgezeigt. Ein kumulatives Reduktionsvorgehen,
währenddessen das reduzierte Modell iterativ aufgebaut wird, ermöglicht die
adaptive Wahl der reduzierten Ordnung und der Entwicklungspunkte. Letztere
erfolgt mittels Optimierung in einem Abstiegsverfahren, das oft nur wenige
Schritte benötigt. Schließlich werden globale Fehlerschranken für eine Klasse
von Zustandsraummodellen eingeführt; der verursachten Überschätzung wird durch
Umformulierung des Optimierungsproblems begegnet. Die vorgestellten Methoden
können z.B. effizient auf viele Systeme zweiter Ordnung angewandt werden.
Fallstudien anhand von Modellen aus der Strukturmechanik, Elektrothermik,
Akustik u. a. belegen ihre Effektivität.
Lagrange'sche und Hamilton'sche Beschreibung partieller Differentialgleichungen
Authors: Schöberl Markus , Schlacher Kurt 
Published: July 2015

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag zeigen wir, dass für variationelle Feldtheorien erster Ordnung
die partiellen Differentialgleichungen und die Randbedingungen anhand der Lagrange'schen Dichte eindeutig bestimmt
werden können. Für Feldtheorien zweiter Ordnung schlagen wir ein Verfahren vor, welches es auch hier erlaubt (neben den PDEs)
die Randbedingungen systematisch zu ermitteln. Dies erfolgt im Rahmen der Variationsformulierung mithilfe
von Kontaktformen, welche als koordinatenfreie Variante der partiellen Integration verwendet werden. Ist man an einer
evolutionären Darstellung der partiellen Differentialgleichungen interessiert, bietet sich eine Hamilton'sche Sichtweise an.
In dieser Formulierung treten die Randbedingungen unter Umständen als Randtore in Erscheinung, was es erlaubt
Leistungsflüsse über die Systemgrenzen zu analysieren. Auch in diesem Szenario ist es entscheidend die physikalisch korrekten
Beziehungen am Rand zu gewinnen, was durch mehrfache partielle Integration nicht in eindeutiger Weise bewerkstelligbar ist.
Zahlreiche Beispiele veranschaulichen die vorgestellten Methoden.
Ansätze zur modellprädiktiven Regelung der longitudinalen Strahldynamik in Synchrotronen
Authors: Lens Dieter , Faulwasser Timm , Kellett Christopher M. 
Published: July 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Stabilisierung der longitudinalen Strahldynamik in Hadronensynchrotronen ist ein anspruchsvolles Regelungsproblem, da die
erforderlichen Abtastzeiten des Regelkreises im Bereich von wenigen Mikrosekunden bis hin zu einigen hundert Nanosekunden liegen. In
diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, ob modellprädiktive Verfahren für die Regelung der longitudinalen Strahldynamik eingesetzt werden
können. Durch eine geeignete Problemformulierung und effiziente numerische Algorithmen kann das Optimierungsproblem hinreichend schnell
auf einem High-End-FPGA gelöst werden. Simulationen für das Synchrotron SIS18 verdeutlichen, dass deutliche Performanzgewinne erreicht
werden können.
Konfigurationsflachheit linearer mechanischer Systeme
Authors: Knoll Carsten , Röbenack Klaus 
Published: July 2015

Zusammenfassung
Zusätzlich zum Konzept der differentiellen Flachheit existiert für mechanische Systeme der Begriff der Konfigurationsflachheit. Dieser
Spezialfall erfordert, dass der flache Ausgang nur von den Konfigurationskoordinaten abhängt, nicht aber von den Geschwindigkeiten und
dem Eingang. Zahlreiche Beispiele legen die Hypothese nahe, dass für konservative mechanische Systeme allgemeine Flachheit und
Konfigurationsflachheit äquivalent sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, dass diese Hypothese zumindest für lineare mechanische Systeme
erfüllt ist. Ausgangspunkt sind die Bewegungsgleichungen als rechteckige Polynommatrix zweiter Ordnung. Konfigurationsflachheit wird
dann als rein reelle Ergänzung dieser Polynommatrix zu einer unimodularen Matrix eingeführt. Mit Hilfe der Kronecker-Normalform wird
gezeigt, dass diese Ergänzung für konservative Systeme stets existiert.
Adaptive Trajektorienfolgeregelung für Quadrokopter basierend auf der
L1-adaptiven Regelungstheorie
Authors: De Monte Paul Sebastian 
Published: July 2015

Zusammenfassung
Diese Arbeit stellt eine adaptive Backsteppingregelung zur Trajektorienfolge für die Position und das Heading eines
Quadrokopters vor. Der Regelalgorithmus ist dafür entwickelt, schnelle Flugmanöver zu realisieren und alle Modellunsicherheiten sowie
eine Vielzahl an Störungen zu kompensieren. Dazu greift der Entwurf einen Ansatz der L1-adaptiven Regelung für nichtlineare und
zeitvariante Referenzsysteme auf, passt ihn an das Backsteppingschema an und modifiziert ihn, so dass die nominale Regelung von der
Adaption entkoppelt. Es werden zwei Nachweise geführt und verglichen, welche die Beschränktheit aller Systemsignale
zeigen. Simulationen und Experimente verifizieren den vorgestellten Ansatz und veranschaulichen dessen hohe Leistungsfähigkeit.
Analysis of global gene expression profiles
in tobacco roots under drought stress
Authors: Yin Fuqiang , Liu Ming , Gao Jian , Zhang Wenyou , Qin Cheng , Yang Aiguo , Luo Chenggang , Liu Haobao , Shen Yaou , Lin Haijian , Zhang Zhiming , Pan Guangtang 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an
economically important and relatively drought-tolerant
crop grown around the world. However, the molecular
regulatory mechanisms involved in tobacco root
development in response to drought stress are not wellknown.
To gain insight into the transcriptome dynamics
associated with drought resistance, genome-wide gene
expression profiling of roots from a tobacco cultivar
(Honghua Dajinyuan, a major flue-cured tobacco cultivar
in Southwest China) under 20% PEG6000 treatment for
0, 6 h and 48 h were conducted using Solexa sequencing
(Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Over five million
tags were generated from tobacco roots, including
229,344, 221,248 and 242,065 clean tags in three libraries,
respectively. The most differentially expressed tags, with
either log2FC > 2.0 for up-regulated genes or log2FC <
-2.0 for down regulated genes (p < 0.001), were analyzed
further. In comparison to the control, 1476 up-regulated and
1574 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs)
were identified, except for unknown transcripts, which were grouped into 43 functional categories involved in
seven significant pathways. The most enriched categories
were those that were populated by transcripts involved in
metabolism, signal transduction and cellular transport.
Many genes and/or biological pathways were found to be
common among the three libraries, for example, genes
participating in transport, stress response, auxin transport
and signaling, etc. Next, the expression patterns of 12 genes
were assessed with quantitative real-time PCR, the results
of which agreed with the Solexa analysis. In conclusion,
we revealed complex changes in the transcriptome during
tobacco root development related to drought resistance,
and provided a comprehensive set of data that is essential
to understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms
involved. These data may prove valuable in future studies
of the molecular mechanisms regulating root development
in response to drought stress in tobacco and other plants.
Split general quasi-variational inequality problem
Authors: Kazmi Kaleem Raza 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a split general quasi-variational inequality
problem which is a natural extension of a split variational inequality problem, quasivariational
and variational inequality problems in Hilbert spaces. Using the projection
method, we propose an iterative algorithm for a split general quasi-variational inequality
problem and discuss some special cases. Further, we discuss the convergence
criteria of these iterative algorithms. The results presented in this paper generalize,
unify and improve many previously known results for quasi-variational and
variational inequality problems.
Heterogeneously catalyzed reactive extraction for biomass valorization into chemicals and fuels
Authors: Ordomsky Vitaly V. , Khodakov Andrei Y. , Nijhuis Alexander T. , Schouten Jaap C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper focuses on the heterogeneously catalyzed reactive extraction and separation in reaction steps in organic and aqueous phases during the transformation of biomass derived products. Two approaches are demonstrated for decomposing and preserving routes for biomass transformation into valuable products. The decomposing approach has been validated by transformation of glycerol into building blocks like CO, CO
Evaluation of acoustical parameters and thermal conductivity of TiO2-ethylene glycol nanofluid using ultrasonic velocity measurements
Authors: Leena Mohan , Srinivasan Shanmugam , Prabhaharan Marimuthu 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The nanosized titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via sol-gel method. The crystalline nature of the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray powder diffractometry method. The surface morphology and particle size of the nanoparticles were analyzed by high-resolution scanning electron microscopic method. UV-visible spectroscopy was employed to determine its band gap energy value. The different concentrations of nanofluid samples of TiO2 NPs dispersed in ethylene glycol were prepared and mixed thoroughly by ultrasonication process. The value of ultrasonic velocity and density were measured for the different concentrations of TiO2 nanofluids. The acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, and acoustic impedance were calculated from the experimental data. It was observed that ultrasonic velocity showed linearity with particle concentration, and the results were discussed. In addition to the TiO2-ethylene glycol (particle-fluid) interaction studies, a new methodology was proposed to find the thermal conductivity of nanofluids using ultrasonic velocity.
Studies on Fluorescamine: Part I—Applications of Fluorescamine in Forensic Toxicological Analysis
Authors: Nowicki HG 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Weigele and co-workers [1,2] reported the structure and synthesis of the reagent 4-phenylspiro [furan-2(3H), 1'-phthalan]-3,3'-dione (fluorescamine), which reacts with substances containing primary amino groups to yield highly fluorescent products. Recently, Undenfriend and co-workers [3–5] published a paper describing the use of fluorescamine in biochemical analysis. This reagent was of interest because of its possible use to improve the detection and differentiation of amphetamine and its relatives in biological samples and solid dosage forms. The main subject of this paper is to present data which clearly demonstrate the use of fluorescamine in forensic toxicological analysis of amphetamine and differentiation from methamphetamine. This reagent also has potential application for analysis of other drugs containing a primary amine group.
Soft Tissue Radiography in Determining Contact and Near-Contact Gunshot Wounds
Authors: Rivers RL , Miller LB , Loquvam GS 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Determination of firing distance is an important consideration in the investigation of gunshot wounds. To define this distance as precisely as possible many studies have been proposed and conducted to correlate the deposits remaining on target surfaces with the muzzle-to-target distance. Among these have been microscopic tissue examination [1]; various chemical tests, including atomic absorption spectrophotometry, neutron activation analysis, and so forth [2,3]; and visual examination of powder patterns [4]. Some of these techniques allow correlation of the pattern with an approximate distance. Others only support conclusions of greater or less than a particular distance. Results of these methods become difficult or impossible to assess where surface deposits are destroyed or obliterated. This study describes the application of soft tissue radiography to the characterization of contact and near-contact gunshot wounds independent of surface integrity.
Probabilities and Human Pubic Hair Comparisons
Authors: Gaudette BD 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Often, when testifying in court, forensic scientists will state that an unknown substance is similar to a known source and that it could have originated from that source or from some other source with similar characteristics. When the substance in question is something like paint or fibers, the courts will have an intuitive feeling for the probabilities involved. However, with pubic hairs it is difficult for the courts to determine the weight to be placed on evidence concerning similarities. If a pubic hair from the scene of a crime is found to be similar to those from a known source, they do not know whether the chances that it could have originated from another source are one in two or one in a billion. In an attempt to provide a “ballpark” estimate of such probabilities, this study was begun.
Problems of Freedom and Responsibility in the Forensic Sciences
Authors: Joling RJ 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The past Presidential year has been both interesting and challenging. Yet, it has had its moments of tribulation, its hour of concern, and its day of dismay. It has brought insight into problems of momentous concern to the nation as a whole, to individual attitudes of Members and Fellows within the Academy, and to definitive needs for the re-examination of philosophies and purposes underlying the reason for the existence of the Academy.
A Precipitin-lnhibition Test on Denatured Bloodstains for the Determination of Human Origin
Authors: Lee HC , De Forest PR 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Since the initial discovery of precipitating antibodies by Kraus in 1897 [1] and the demonstration of the precipitin reaction with human blood in vitro by Uhlenhuth in 1901 [2], this reaction has become one of the essential tools of the forensic immunologist. Oudin's tube technique (single diffusion in one dimension) [3], Petrie's plate method (single radial diffusion) [4], Oakley's method of double diffusion in one dimension [5], Ouchterlony's immunodiffusion (double diffusion in two dimensions) [6], or Culliford's crossed-over electrophoresis [7] have been the generally accepted methods for the determination of the species origin of bloodstains. Recently, sensitized latex particles have been used with precipitin sera for the identification of the species of origin of bloodstains [8]. The basic principle of these methods is to bring the bloodstain extract into close-reacting contact with a suitable antiserum. The success of the reaction usually depends on the quality of the antiserum and the presence of soluble precipitin antigens in the bloodstain extract.
Thyrotoxicosis: Postmortem Diagnosis in an Unexpected Death
Authors: Simson LR 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Thyrotoxicosis, the clinical manifestation of extreme thyroid gland hyperfunction, is readily diagnosed and amenable to therapy. Although physicians recognize the lethal potential of thyrotoxicosis, it does not appear as a diagnosis in several series of unexpected deaths [1,2]. Coe [3], in 1973, discussed the difficulties in making this diagnosis postmortem. This report presents a case of clinically unrecognized thyrotoxicosis presenting as an unexpected death.
The Forensic Identification of Heroin
Authors: Manura JJ , Chao J-M , Saferstein R 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
As a result of the rapid increase in requests and the ever-rising backlog of cases, forensic science laboratories are developing an intense interest in analytical procedures that can provide rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive methods for identifying drugs. However, the forensic chemist must always be aware of the scientific accountability that is expected of him or her in our adversary system of justice. The necessity for performing a specific identification far outweighs any shortcuts that may be adopted to expedite a chemical analysis. As the importance of scientific testimony grows, the courts are becoming more conscious of criteria that must be met to support the admissibility of scientific evidence. The accuracy of heretofore accepted statements and descriptions relating to the identification and comparison of physical evidence is increasingly becoming subject to scrutiny and debate. Practitioners of the law are starting to take advantage of inconsistencies in the scientific literature and the lack of experimental data to discredit an entire scheme of analysis. One only has to examine recent court decisions pertaining to the forensic analysis of marihuana to confirm this trend. The contrasting opinions of experts regarding the number of Cannabis species have served to confuse and, in some instances, discredit a botanical and chemical scheme of analysis that until the present has found general acceptanee in the forensic science community [1,2].
Accelerant Detection in Fire Residues
Authors: Stone IC , Lomonte JN , Fletcher LA , Lowry WT 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In 1975 personnel at the Institute of Forensic Sciences realized that a full range of analytical technics was not being used in the examination of evidence from suspicious fires. Simple steam distillation was followed by infrared spectroscopic examination, but in a distressing number of cases no apparent accelerant was detected. Midkiff and Washington [1] described the use of gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) with headspace sampling, and Cain [2] followed with capillary column GLC. Later Yip and Clair [3] developed a system for identifying trace amounts of petroleum produced from fire debris. As they pointed out, the most common accelerants encountered are naphtha (C5 to C8 hydrocarbons), gasoline (C5 to C12 hydrocarbons), and fuel oils (C8 to C22 hydrocarbons). From work described in these papers, modifications suitable to available instrumentation evolved.
The Question of Disguise in Handwriting
Authors: Webb FE 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Is the handwriting disguised? This question almost constantly confronts the document examiner making comparisons of handwriting in the criminal evidence field. If the questioned writing is not disguised, the known specimens very likely may be. The question of whether the disguise, if present, has an effect on the comparison being made must be resolved before any positive results can be achieved, and there are times when skillful disguise may make it impossible to reach positive results.
Recovery of Morphine from Biological Samples by Hydrolysis and Solvent Extraction
Authors: Predmore DB , Christian GD , Loomis TA 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Quantitative recovery of drugs from biological samples is important when a response is to be related to the amount of drug present in a tissue sample. Morphine is one drug of interest in this regard because of its widespread use and its chemical peculiarities. Its relatively low dosage, amphoteric nature, and metabolism to a water-soluble product, 3-morphine monoglucuronide [1,2], make morphine relatively difficult to analyze in biological samples. Most quantitative analytical schemes of analysis require that the glucuronide be cleaved to free morphine for extraction into an organic solvent. Acid hydrolysis [3] and enzymatic cleavage [4] are the most popular methods for freeing the morphine. We report here a study of the recoveries of radioactively tagged morphine from biological samples of morphine-treated dogs by using hydrolysis and solvent extraction. It is possible to recover more than 90% of the morphine contained in a sample with acid hydrolysis and about 80% with enzymatic cleavage.
Drug Analyses of Skeletonizing Remains
Authors: Noguchi TT , Nakamura GR , Griesemer EC 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A 47-year old white female was reported missing by her family after an argument with her husband and son. The arguments were of long and continuing nature with sharp differences as to the use of real properties. Her body was discovered by the family dog eight months later in a desolate area on the family ranch on the slope of a hill.
Postmortem Intravascular Bubbling: A Decompression Artifact?
Authors: Brown CD , Kime W , Sherrer EL 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Rapid advances in diving technology over the past decade have opened the underwater world to thousands of professional and sport divers. As may be expected with any activity involving an element of risk, the number of diving-related accidents and deaths has also risen [1–3]. Unfortunately, at the present time too few physicians and pathologists have been adequately trained in the investigation of deaths occurring during diving activities.
Bilateral Linear Subconjunctival Hemorrhage in a Trauma Patient
Authors: Rothouse LS , Sayers RJ 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Subconjunctival hemorrhage may be associated with many forms of trauma including Valsalva's maneuvers induced by heavy lifting, straining at stool, vomiting, and coughing. It may also occur from innocuous minor trauma associated with merely rubbing the eye, or it may be associated with sudden venous congestion of the head. The accumulation of blood beneath the conjunctiva may also occur secondary to blunt trauma or blast injury [1–3]. This case report represents an incident of an extremely unusual manifestation of subconjunctival hemorrhage associated with a gunshot wound to the chest.
Frequency Distribution and Discrimination Probability of Twelve Protein Genetic Variants in Human Blood as Functions of Race, Sex, and Age
Authors: Grunbaum BW , Selvin S , Pace N , Black DM 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The identification of large numbers of genetic variants for antigens, enzymes, and other proteins, combined with knowledge of their frequencies of occurrence in the population, enhances the ability to detect the individuality of a given blood specimen. Furthermore, the greater the number of variant protein systems considered, the greater is the likelihood of discriminating between individuals. As new techniques become available, forensic scientists will have increasing need for statistical data to use in attempting to establish the individuality of a blood specimen.
A Rapid Method for Blood Alcohol Determination by Headspace Analysis Using an Electrochemical Detector
Authors: Jones AW 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The introduction of electrochemical sensors for the detection and analysis of volatile substances, in particular low concentrations of ethyl alcohol in the vapor phase, has led to the development of a range of breath alcohol instruments based on this principle [1]. The Alcolmeter Evidential Device is a breath-testing instrument that aspirates a sample of breath or vapor into an electrochemical cell for quantitative oxidation of ethanol [2]. The same device could well be used for headspace analysis of ethanol in biological materials, enabling rapid, on-the-spot screening of samples and even quantitative blood alcohol determinations.