bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex chromosomes and the brain: a study of neuroanatomy in XYY syndrome
Authors: BRYANT DANIEL M , HOEFT FUMIKO , LAI SONG , LACKEY JOHN , ROELTGEN DAVID , ROSS JUDITH , REISS ALLAN L 
Published: October 2012

Aim  To assess global and regional brain matter variations associated with XYY syndrome by comparison with Klinefelter syndrome and typical development.Methods  We used two conceptually distinct voxel‐based magnetic resonance imaging methods to examine brain structure in young males with XYY syndrome: (1) volumetric comparison to assess global grey and white matter volumes and (2) support vector machine‐based multivariate pattern classification analysis to assess regional neuroanatomy. We assessed verbal, non‐verbal, and spatial abilities with the Differential Ability Scales (DAS), and we measured autism diagnostic criteria in eight males with XYY syndrome using the Social Responsiveness Scale and the Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised (ADI‐R).Results  A comparison of 36 typically developing males (mean age 11y, SD 1y 9mo), 31 males with Klinefelter syndrome (mean age 9y 8mo, SD 1y 8mo), and eight males with XYY syndrome (mean age 11y 6mo, SD 1y 11mo) showed that total white and grey matter volumes were significantly, or nearly significantly, higher in males with XYY syndrome than in males belonging to the other two groups (grey matter: XYY males vs typically developing males, p<0.006; XYY vs males with Klinefelter syndrome, p<0.001; white matter: XYY males vs typically developing males, p=0.061; XYY males vs males with Klinefelter syndrome, p=0.004). Voxel‐based multivariate pattern classification analysis indicates that, after controlling for global volumes, regional brain variations in XYY syndrome are more like those found in Klinefelter syndrome than those occurring in typical development. Further, visualization of classification parameters suggests that insular and frontotemporal grey matter and white matter, including known language areas, are reduced in males with XYY syndrome, similar to what is seen in Klinefelter syndrome. In males with XYY syndrome, DAS verbal and non‐verbal scores were significantly lower than in typically developing participants (both p<0.001). DAS scores were not significantly different between XYY and Klinefelter syndrome groups. In five of eight males with XYY syndrome, the Social Responsiveness Scale score exceeded the cut‐off for a likely diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In three of eight males with XYY syndrome, the ADI‐R score met the cut‐off for ASD diagnosis; in another two, ADI‐R scores within the social and communication domains met the cut‐off values for a diagnosis of ASD.Interpretation  The results suggest that genetic variations associated with XYY syndrome result in increased brain matter volumes, a finding putatively related to the increased frequency of ASDs in individuals with this condition. In addition, frontotemporal grey and white matter reductions in XYY syndrome provide a likely neuroanatomical correlate for observed language impairments.
When breastfeeding is unsuccessful – mothers' experiences after giving up breastfeeding
Authors: Larsen Jette Schilling , Kronborg Hanne 
Published: October 2012

Some mothers have to give up breastfeeding even though they want to breastfeed. To give up breastfeeding can be a sensitive issue in a time when breastfeeding is promoted as the healthiest for mother and child. The aim of this study was to describe mothers' experiences after they gave up breastfeeding even though they intended to breastfeed. A qualitative social constructive approach was used to describe mothers' experiences after giving up breastfeeding. Danish first‐time mothers who had expected and wanted to breastfeed were interviewed 4 months after birth. The interviews were analysed by meaning condensation. The mothers experienced that giving up breastfeeding was a crucial but necessary decision for the child's health and well‐being. They tried to ‘be on the side of the angels’ by caring for and bonding with the child. The mothers were divided between expressing milk or formula feeding and initially felt especially insecure about which method to choose when not breastfeeding. It was difficult for them to face the world with a bottle, but they did not ask for help. The mothers found it hard to explain the difficulty they had experienced breastfeeding and they were concerned about what to do the next time around. The mothers always tried to do what they perceived was best for their child, but they were in a vulnerable position and not always supported and understood by the surroundings. Therefore, health professionals who focus on making new mothers feel successful need to be aware that mothers who have to give up breastfeeding need special attention and support.
Bumetanide reduces seizure frequency in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Eftekhari Sanaz , Mehvari Habibabadi Jafar , Najafi Ziarani Massoumeh , Hashemi Fesharaki Seyed Sohrab , Gharakhani Marzieh , Mostafavi Hossein , Joghataei Mohammad Taghi , Beladimoghadam Nahid , Rahimian Elham , Hadjighassem Mahmoud Reza 
Published: October 2012

SummaryAlterations in the balance of K‐Na‐2Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) and Na‐Cl cotransporter (KCC2) activity may cause depolarizing effect of γ‐aminobutyric Acid (GABA), and contribute to epileptogenesis in human temporal lobe epilepsy. NKCC1 facilitates accumulation of chloride inside neurons and favors depolarizing responses to GABA. In the current pilot study we provide the first documented look at efficacy of bumetanide, a specific NKCC1 antagonist, on reduction of seizure frequency in adult patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. According to our results, seizure frequency was reduced considerably in these patients. Furthermore, epileptiform discharges decreased in two of our patients. If the efficacy of bumetanide is proven in large scale studies, it can be used as a supplemental therapy in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Resolution of epileptic encephalopathy following treatment with transdermal nicotine
Authors: Zerem Ayelet , Nishri Daniella , Yosef Yael , Blumkin Lubuv , Lev Dorit , Leshinsky‐Silver Esther , Kivity Sara , Lerman‐Sagie Tally 
Published: October 2012

SummaryWe report resolution of an epileptic encephalopathy by administration of transdermal nicotine patches in an adolescent with severe nonlesional refractory frontal lobe epilepsy. The 18.5‐year‐old female patient had refractory epilepsy from the age of 11. Recurrent electroencephalography (EEG) recordings showed mostly generalized activity, albeit with right frontal predominance. Almost all antiepileptic medications failed to provide benefit. She developed an encephalopathic state with cognitive decline. The nonlesional frontal lobe epilepsy and a family history of a cousin with nocturnal epilepsy with frontal origin suggested genetic etiology. Transdermal nicotine patches brought complete resolution of the seizures, normalization of the EEG, and a significant improvement in her thinking process and speech organization. Sequencing of the CHRNB2 and CHRNA4 genes did not detect a mutation. Transdermal nicotine patches should be considered in severe pharmacoresistant frontal lobe epilepsy.
Association between sociodemographic status and antiepileptic drug prescriptions in children with epilepsy
Authors: Mattsson Peter , Tomson Torbjörn , Edebol Eeg‐Olofsson Karin , Brännström Lars , Ringbäck Weitoft Gunilla 
Published: October 2012

SummaryPurpose:  We investigated whether in Sweden sociodemographic differences are associated with access to expert health care and antiepileptic drug (AED) prescriptions in children with epilepsy.Methods:  Data on epilepsy, prescription of AEDs, and sociodemographic variables were obtained from several national administrative registers. We linked individual data to examine whether access by pediatric epilepsy patients to neuropediatricians and the prescription of individual AEDs differed according to gender, age, parental education, place of residence, parental region of birth, and household income. We also assessed whether AEDs are prescribed differently to patients with epilepsy by neuropediatricians as compared to other physicians.Key Findings:  Of 1,788,382 children aged 1–17 years in 2006, living in the country by the end of 2006, 9,935 had a diagnosis of epilepsy (0.56%). Patients with epilepsy on AED treatment (n = 3,631) comprised 0.24% of the total Swedish population aged 1–17 years. Out of 3631 patients with epilepsy on AED treatment, 2301 (63.4%) received prescriptions from a neuropediatrician. Children with epilepsy aged 1–5 years old—as opposed to older children and adolescents—and children with epilepsy residing in large cities—as opposed to children living in smaller cities and rural areas—were more likely to be treated by a neuropediatrician. Children living in large cities received oxcarbazepine to a greater extent than children living in rural areas. Levetiracetam was prescribed more extensively to children whose parents had higher incomes. Of the five most frequently used AEDs, three (lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, and levetiracetam) were prescribed to a larger extent by a neuropediatrician rather than by other specialists, and one AED (carbamazepine) was prescribed to a lesser extent.Significance:  The results of this nationwide cross‐sectional study of children with epilepsy are important because they show that universal coverage for medical care does not eliminate inequalities of access to health care services among children and adolescents. No data are available that can guide us as to whether the density of child neurologists is of importance to access to expert health care, but this seems likely. Prescription patterns of AEDs differ between child neurologists and other specialists.
Accelerated long‐term forgetting in children with idiopathic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Gascoigne Michael B. , Barton Belinda , Webster Richard , Gill Deepak , Antony Jayne , Lah Suncica Sunny 
Published: October 2012

SummaryPurpose:  The rapid forgetting of information over long (but not short) delays (accelerated long‐term forgetting [ALF]) has been associated with temporal lobe epilepsy but not idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). Long‐term memory formation (consolidation) is thought to demand an interaction between medial temporal and neocortical networks, which could be disrupted by epilepsy/seizures themselves. The present study investigates whether ALF is present in children with IGE and whether it relates to epilepsy severity.Methods:  Sixty‐one children (20 with IGE and 41 healthy controls [HC]) of comparable age, sex, and parental socioeconomic status completed neuropsychological tests, including a measure of verbal learning and recall after, short (30‐min) and long (7‐day) delays, and recognition. Epilepsy severity was rated by treating neurologists.Key Findings:  A two‐way repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) found a significant Group x Delay interaction; the children with IGE recalled (and recognized) significantly fewer words after a long, but not short (2‐ and 30‐min) delay relative to the HC children. Moreover, greater epilepsy severity was associated with poorer recognition.Significance:  This study demonstrates, to our knowledge for the first time, that children with IGE present with ALF, which is related to epilepsy severity. These findings support the notion that epilepsy/seizures themselves may disrupt long‐term memory consolidation, which interferes with day‐to‐day functioning of children with IGE.
Psychosocial Antecedents and Consequences of Workplace Aggression for Hospital Nurses
Authors: Demir Defne , Rodwell John 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose: To test a full model of the antecedents to and consequences of various forms of workplace aggression, considering psychosocial factors, for hospital nursing staff.Design: Cross‐sectional survey design.Methods: Two hundred and seven nurses and midwives working across wards within a medium to large Australian hospital completed the survey. The survey response rate was 26.9%.Findings: High frequencies of nurses reported exposure to workplace bullying and internal and external emotional abuse violence types. In terms of antecedents, bullying was linked to high negative affectivity (NA), as well as low supervisor support and coworker support. Internal emotional abuse was associated with low levels of these support variables, as well as high outside work support and low job control. External threat of assault was related to high job demands and NA. In terms of consequences, bullying and verbal sexual harassment were linked to increased psychological distress levels. Bullying and internal emotional abuse were related to lowered organizational commitment. Changes in job satisfaction were not found for any of the workplace aggression types. NA was a significant covariate for all analyses examining consequences of aggression.Conclusions: Different combinations of work conditions (job demands‐resources) and individual levels of NA predicted certain types of aggression. Further, nurse perceptions of psychological distress and organizational commitment were affected by exposure to several types of aggression, even after controlling for NA as a potential perceptual bias. This study therefore extends previous research on workplace bullying as a stressor to other types of workplace aggression for nurses.Clinical Relevance: The findings highlight factors that are important in considering effective prevention and intervention of workplace aggression among nursing staff, particularly those working in hospital settings.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Na2Ba9Si20O50—An Intermediate Phase Along the Join Na2Si2O5‐BaSi2O5
Authors: Mayr Andreas , Kahlenberg Volker 
Published: October 2012

Single crystals of Na2Ba9Si20O50 were obtained from solid state reactions performed along the join Na2Si2O5‐BaSi2O5. The crystal structure has been determined from a data set collected at ambient temperatures and subsequently refined to a residual of R(|F|) = 0.0328 for 2211 independent reflections. The compound belongs to the group of phyllosilicates and adopts the monoclinic space group C2/m with the following lattice parameters: a = 39.111(3) Å, b = 7.6566(6) Å, c = 8.2055(6) Å, β = 97.319(6)°, V = 2437.2(3) Å3, Z = 2. Furthermore, weak one‐dimensional diffuse streaks running parallel to a* as well as a very small number of low intensity reflections at b*/3, indicating the presence of a superstructure, were observed. Basic buiding units are silicate layers parallel to (40‐1) which can be obtained from the condensation of single chains with a periodicity of four running along [010]. The sheets can be partitioned into two kinds of consecutive strips containing (i) a sequence of four‐ and eight‐membered rings and (ii) a four‐ring wide “zig‐zag shaped” unit consisting of exclusively six‐membered rings. The sodium and barium cations—distributed among six crystallographically independent positions—are sandwiched between subsequent layers and are linked to seven to nine nearest oxygen neighbors. The structure of Na2Ba9Si20O50 is closely related to that of K2Ba5Si12O30 and K2Ba7Si16O40, respectively. There are strong arguments that the previously claimed phase Na4Ba8Si20O50 is actually misinterpreted Na2Ba9Si20O50 and that the composition of the intermediate phase along the join Na2Si2O5–BaSi2O5 is slightly different from that described in the literature.
The Reliability of the Greulich and Pyle Atlas When Applied to a Modern Scottish Population
Authors: Hackman Lucina , Black Sue 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study examines the reliability of age estimation utilizing the Greulich and Pyle atlas in relation to a modern Scottish population. A total of 406 left‐hand/wrist radiographs (157 females and 249 males) were age‐assessed using the Greulich and Pyle atlas. Analysis showed that there was a strong correlation between chronological age and estimated age (females R2 = 0.939, males R2 = 0.940). When age groups were broken down into year cohorts, the atlas over‐aged females from birth until 13 years of age. The pattern for males showed that the atlas under‐estimated age until 13 years of age after which point it consistently over‐aged boys between 13 and 17 years of age. This study showed that the Greulich and Pyle atlas can be applied to a modern population but would recommend that any analysis takes into account the potential for over‐ and under‐aging shown in this study.
Cemented and screw‐retained implant reconstructions: a systematic review of the survival and complication rates
Authors: Sailer Irena , Mühlemann Sven , Zwahlen Marcel , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Schneider David 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the 5‐year survival rates and incidences of complications of cemented and screw‐retained implant reconstructions.MethodsAn electronic Medline search complemented by manual searching was conducted to identify randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), and prospective and retrospective studies giving information on cemented and screw‐retained single‐unit and multiple‐unit implant reconstructions with a mean follow‐up time of at least 1 year. Assessment of the identified studies and data abstraction were performed independently by three reviewers. Failure rates were analyzed using Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates and 95% confidence intervals of failure rates and 5‐year survival proportions.ResultsFifty‐nine clinical studies were selected from an initial yield of 4511 titles and the data were extracted. For cemented single crowns the estimated 5‐year reconstruction survival was 96.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 94.8–97.7%), for screw‐retained single crowns it was 89.3% (95% CI: 64.9–97.1%) (P = 0.091 for difference). The 5‐year survival for cemented partial fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) was 96.9% (95% CI: 90.8–99%), similar to the one for screw‐retained partial FDPs with 98% (95% CI: 96.2–99%) (P = 0.47). For cemented full‐arch FDPs the 5‐year survival was 100% (95% CI: 88.9–100%), which was somewhat higher than that for screw‐retained FDPs with 95.8% (95% CI: 91.9–97.9%) (P = 0.54). The estimated 5‐year cumulative incidence of technical complications at cemented single crowns was 11.9% and 24.4% at screw‐retained crowns. At the partial and full‐arch FDPs, in contrast, a trend to less complication at the screw‐retained was found than at the cemented ones (partial FDPs cemented 24.5%, screw‐retained 22.1%; full‐arch FDPs cemented 62.9%, screw‐retained 54.1%). Biological complications like marginal bone loss >2 mm occurred more frequently at cemented crowns (5‐year incidence: 2.8%) than at screw‐retained ones (5‐year incidence: 0%).ConclusionBoth types of reconstructions influenced the clinical outcomes in different ways, none of the fixation methods was clearly advantageous over the other. Cemented reconstructions exhibited more serious biological complications (implant loss, bone loss >2 mm), screw‐retained reconstructions exhibited more technical problems. Screw‐retained reconstructions are more easily retrievable than cemented reconstructions and, therefore, technical and eventually biological complications can be treated more easily. For this reason and for their apparently higher biological compatibility, these reconstructions seem to be preferable.
The epidemiology of peri‐implantitis
Authors: Mombelli Andrea , Müller Nada , Cionca Norbert 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimTo review the literature on the prevalence and incidence of peri‐implantitis.MethodsOut of 322 potentially relevant publications we identified 29 articles concerning 23 studies, with information on the presence of signs of peri‐implantitis in populations of at least 20 cases.Results and conclusionsAll studies provided data from convenience samples, typically from patients who were treated in a clinical center during a certain period, and most data were cross‐sectional or collected retrospectively. Based on the reviewed papers one may state that the prevalence of peri‐implantitis seems to be in the order of 10% implants and 20% patients during 5–10 years after implant placement but the individual reported figures are rather variable, not easily comparable and not suitable for meta‐analysis. Factors that should be considered to affect prevalence figures are the disease definition, the differential diagnosis, the chosen thresholds for probing depths and bone loss, differences in treatment methods and aftercare of patients, and dissimilarities in the composition of study populations. Smoking and a history of periodontitis have been associated with a higher prevalence of peri‐implantitis.
Consensus report ‐ reconstructions on implants. The Third EAO Consensus Conference 2012
Authors: Gotfredsen Klaus , Wiskott Anselm ,   Working Group 4
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroductionThis group was assigned the task to review the current knowledge in the areas of implant connections to abutments/reconstructions, fixation methods (cement vs. screw retained) for implant‐supported reconstructions, as well as the optimal number of implants for fixed dental prosthesis and implant‐supported overdentures.Material and methodsThe literature was systematically searched and critically reviewed. Four manuscripts were produced in the four subject areas based on systematically search strategy and consensus statements, clinical recommendations and implication for future research were formulated.ResultsThe following four position papers were the basis for the consensus statements, the clinical recommendations and directions for future research:
Internal vs. external connections for abutments/reconstructions: A systematic review.
Cemented and screw‐retained implant reconstructions: A systematic review of the survival and complication rates.
What is the optimal number of implants for fixed reconstructions? A systematic review.
What is the optimal number of implants for removable reconstructions? A systematic review on implant‐supported overdentures.
The remit of this working group was to update the existing knowledge in the areas of reconstructions on implants. The group acknowledged the results of previous workshops and systematic reviews were provided by the following position papers:
Stefano Gracis, Konstantinos Michalakis, Paolo Vigolo, Per Vult von Steyern, Marcel Zwahlen, Irena Sailer. Internal versus external connections for abutments/reconstructions: a systematic review.
Irena Sailer, S. Mühlemann, Marcel Zwahlen, Christoph Hämmerle, Daniel Schneider. Cemented and screw‐retained implant reconstructions: A systematic review of the survival and complication rates.
Guido Heydecke, Frank Renouard, Ailsa Nicol, Marcel Zwahlen, Tim Joda. What is the optimal number of implants for fixed reconstructions? A systematic review.
Mario Roccuzzo, Francesca Bonino, Luigi Gaudioso, Henny Meijer. What is the optimal number of implants for overdentures? A systematic review.