bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posttreatment Effects of Topiramate Treatment for Heavy Drinking
Authors: Kranzler Henry R. , Wetherill Reagan , Feinn Richard , Pond Timothy , Gelernter Joel , Covault Jonathan 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundWe examined whether the effects of topiramate and a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2832407) in GRIK1, which encodes a kainate receptor subunit, persisted following a 12‐week, placebo‐controlled trial in 138 heavy drinkers with a treatment goal of reduced drinking. During treatment, topiramate 200 mg/d significantly reduced heavy drinking days and increased the frequency of abstinent days (Am J Psychiatry, 2014, 171:445). In the European‐American (EA) subsample (n = 122), rs2832407 moderated the treatment effect on heavy drinking.MethodsPatients were re‐interviewed 3 and 6 months after the end of treatment. During treatment, we obtained 92.4% of drinking data, with 89.1 and 85.5% complete data at the 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up visits, respectively. We examined 4 outcomes over time in the overall sample and the EA subsample: percent heavy drinking days (PHDD), percent days abstinent (PDA), serum γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) concentration, and a measure of alcohol‐related problems.ResultsIn the full sample, the lower PHDD and higher PDA seen with topiramate treatment were no longer significant during follow‐up. Nonetheless, the topiramate‐treated patients had lower alcohol‐related problem scores during treatment and both follow‐up periods. Further, in the EA subsample, the greater reduction in PHDD seen with topiramate treatment in rs2832407*C‐allele homozygotes persisted throughout follow‐up, with no significant effects in A‐allele carriers. A reduction in GGTP concentration was consistent with the reduction in heavy drinking, but did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsThere are persistent therapeutic effects of topiramate in heavy drinkers, principally in rs2832407*C‐allele homozygotes.
Factors associated with over‐serving at drinking establishments
Authors: Buvik Kristin , Rossow Ingeborg 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimsTo address characteristics of drinking establishments, bartenders and patrons that may affect the likelihood of over‐serving.DesignA systematic examination of 425 purchase attempts with pseudo‐intoxicated patrons enacting scripts that, according to the law, should lead to the denial of alcohol sales.Setting and ParticipantsDrinking establishments in the three largest cities in Norway (Trondheim, Bergen and Oslo) were visited by male and female actors aged 20–30 years on weekend nights, with a total of 425 purchase items.MeasurementsOver‐serving was recorded when the pseudo‐intoxicated patron was served alcohol. Characteristics of the drinking establishment, the bartender and the pseudo‐intoxicated patron were recorded systematically.ResultsPseudo‐intoxicated patrons were served in 347 of 425 purchase attempts (82%). In bivariate analyses, the over‐serving rate increased with venue characteristics, music/noise level and intoxication level among patrons. These factors were intercorrelated and correlated with poor lighting. The over‐serving rate was also higher when the pseudo‐intoxicated patron was female and when the purchase attempt occurred after midnight. In multi‐variate analyses, two factors increased the likelihood of over‐serving significantly: a high problematic bar indicator score (poor lighting, high music/noise level and high intoxication level among patrons) [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.9, 6.4] and female gender of pseudo‐intoxicated patrons (adjusted OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.4, 4.7). The rate of over‐serving was 95% when both risk factors were present and 67% when both factors were absent.ConclusionsIn urban settings in Norway, it is likely that over‐serving occurs frequently, and is increased by the risk factors of poor lighting, loud music and high intoxication level among patrons.
Nonparametric Inference in Hidden Markov Models Using P-Splines
Authors: Langrock Roland , Kneib Thomas , Sohn Alexander , DeRuiter Stacy L. 
Published: January 2015

Summary
Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are flexible time series models in which the distribution of the observations depends on unobserved serially correlated states. The state-dependent distributions in HMMs are usually taken from some class of parametrically specified distributions. The choice of this class can be difficult, and an unfortunate choice can have serious consequences for example on state estimates, and more generally on the resulting model complexity and interpretation. We demonstrate these practical issues in a real data application concerned with vertical speeds of a diving beaked whale, where we demonstrate that parametric approaches can easily lead to overly complex state processes, impeding meaningful biological inference. In contrast, for the dive data, HMMs with nonparametrically estimated state-dependent distributions are much more parsimonious in terms of the number of states and easier to interpret, while fitting the data equally well. Our nonparametric estimation approach is based on the idea of representing the densities of the state-dependent distributions as linear combinations of a large number of standardized B-spline basis functions, imposing a penalty term on non-smoothness in order to maintain a good balance between goodness-of-fit and smoothness.
Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic ranking of pipizine flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) with implications for the evolution of aphidophagy
Authors: Mengual Ximo , Ståhls Gunilla , Rojo Santos 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe taxonomic rank and phylogenetic relationships of the pipizine flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae: Pipizini) were estimated based on DNA sequence data from three gene regions (COI, 28S and 18S) and 111 adult morphological characters. Pipizini has been treated as a member of the subfamily Eristalinae based on diagnostic adult morphological characteristics, while the larval feeding mode and morphology is shared with members of the subfamily Syrphinae. We analysed each dataset, both separately and combined, in a total evidence approach under maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. To evaluate the influence of different alignment strategies of rDNA 28S and 18S genes on the resulting topologies, we compared the topologies inferred from a multiple alignment using fast Fourier transform (MAFFT) program with those topologies resulting from aligning the secondary structure of these rDNA genes. Total evidence analyses resolved pipizines as a sister group of the subfamily Syrphinae. Although the structural alignment and the MAFFT alignment differed in the inferred relationships of some clades and taxa, there was congruence in the placement of pipizines. The homogeneous morphology of the Pipizini clade in combination with their unique combination of characters among the Syrphidae suggest a change of rank to subfamily. Thus, we propose to divide Syrphidae into four subfamilies, including the subfamily Pipizinae stat. rev.
Radiological sinus lift: a new minimally invasive CT‐guided procedure for maxillary sinus floor elevation in implant dentistry
Authors: Matern Jean‐François , Keller Pierre , Carvalho Jean , Dillenseger Jean‐Philippe , Veillon Francis , Bridonneau Thomas 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeImplant therapy has become an excellent treatment modality as its inception into the modern era of dentistry. However, when patients present with advanced atrophy of the maxillary alveolar ridge, the procedure of choice to restore the anatomic bone deficiency is surgical maxillary sinus floor elevation or sinus lift. The purpose of this study was to describe the CT guided sinus lift technique and to illustrate the minimally invasive aspect of this new radiological procedure called radiological sinus lift.Material and methodsFor this prospective study, 17 cadaver heads which met our inclusion criteria (edentulous posterior maxillary sector and bone height less than 5 mm) were analyzed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and orthopantomography (OPT). CT and sinus endoscopy was used to guide each step in the procedure. The radiological sinus lift technique consists of the following four stages: Approach. A 14.5 G OstyCut needle was inserted mesial to the canine eminence, and manual drilling was performed parallel to the sinus floor. Osteotomy. An inner obturator with a blunt tip was introduced to compress bone, to push it in close proximity to the sinus membrane and finally to create an osseous window opening into the submucosal space. Lifting. The sinus lift was performed using hydrodissection with dilute iodinated contrast medium. Filling. The submucosal space was then filled with an injection of dilute collagen. Success of the radiological sinus lift procedure was defined by the presence of a dome shape visible within the maxillary alveolar recess. All cases were imaged postoperatively using OPT and maxillary CBCT.ResultsTwelve maxillary sinuses underwent the radiological sinus floor elevation procedure. A dome shape of the Schneiderian membrane was achieved in eight maxillary sinuses (66.7%). All failures (n = 4) were caused by mucosal perforation at the time of maxillary sinus osteotomy. Mean height of membrane elevation was 12.0 mm, with a mean intervention time of 45 min.ConclusionThis experimental study evaluates a new minimally radiological procedure for maxillary sinus floor elevation, which provides an interventional radiological alternative to the classical surgical lateral approach and achieves an equivalent success rate to that cited in the literature for the surgical approach, a low morbidity and a shorter operating time.
Stability of depressive symptoms over 3 months post‐partum
Authors: Abdollahi Fatemeh , Zarghami Mehran , Sazlina Shariff‐Ghazali , Lye Munn‐Sann 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimProlonged depression during the post‐partum period is associated with maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Less attention has been given to factors that predict the persistence of depression beyond the first 3 months post‐partum.MethodsFrom a longitudinal cohort of 2279 women who attended Mazandaran's primary health centres in 2009, 478 women with an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score of 12 or greater in the third trimester of pregnancy were recruited. Persistently depressed women (depressed at all three occasions: during pregnancy, and at 2 and 12 weeks post‐partum) were compared with those without depression to determine demographic, cultural, obstetric and biopsychosocial predictors for persistence of depression. Data were analysed using chi‐square test, t‐test and logistic regression models.ResultsThe stability of depression was found in 193 (46.2 %) of 418 depressed cases who were followed up over the study period. Of those mothers who scored more than the threshold of 12 during the third trimester of pregnancy, 277 (66.3%) and 221 (52.9%) had high EPDS at 2 and 12 weeks post‐partum. Psychological distress (based upon the General Health Questionnaire), low maternal parental self‐efficacy (based upon the Parental Expectation Survey) and perceived social isolation (based upon the Network Orientation Scale) were independent predictors of persistent depression.ConclusionFewer depressed mothers in this study were found to recover during the first 3 months after giving birth. Psychosocial factors predicted sustained depression from pregnancy to 3 months post‐partum. The findings highlight the significance of support in enhancing maternal mental health.
Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy for youth with anxiety disorders at risk for bipolar disorder: a pilot trial
Authors: Cotton Sian , Luberto Christina M. , Sears Richard W. , Strawn Jeffrey R. , Stahl Lauren , Wasson Rachel S. , Blom Thomas J. , Delbello Melissa P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimChildren and adolescents with bipolar parents have an elevated risk for anxiety disorders. However, antidepressant medications commonly used to treat symptoms of anxiety may accelerate the onset of mania in these already at‐risk youth. Therefore, studies evaluating innovative non‐pharmacologic treatments for anxiety in this population are urgently needed.MethodsSubjects participated in 12 weekly sessions of mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy for children (MBCT‐C), a manualized group psychotherapeutic intervention utilizing cognitive behavioural principles and mindfulness exercises to increase regulation of attention and non‐judgmental acceptance of present moment thoughts, emotions and experiences. Independent raters administered symptoms rating scales prior to each treatment session. Spearman correlations and paired‐samples signed rank tests were used to examine outcomes. After‐intervention surveys and session transcripts were reviewed to assess feasibility and acceptability of the intervention.ResultsParticipants included 10 youth (meanage = 13.2; 80% girls; 40% biracial) with generalized, social and/or separation anxiety disorders, and a parent with bipolar disorder. Clinician‐rated anxiety was significantly reduced after intervention (meanbefore = 11.1; meanafter = 4.3; P < 0.01), as well as youth‐rated trait anxiety (P = 0.03). Parent‐rated emotion regulation significantly increased from before to after intervention (P = 0.05). Increases in mindfulness were associated with decreases in anxiety (P = 0.03). Finally, children and parents/guardians reported high levels of feasibility, acceptability and usefulness of the intervention.ConclusionFindings support the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of MBCT‐C for treating anxiety in youth at risk for bipolar disorder. Future controlled and larger studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Duration of active psychosis and first‐episode psychosis negative symptoms
Authors: Lyne John , Joober Ridha , Schmitz Norbert , Lepage Martin , Malla Ashok 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimDuration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been associated with negative symptoms in several studies; however, longitudinal findings have been inconsistent. No previous study has accounted for active psychosis after presentation, although this could impact on outcomes in a manner similar to DUP.MethodsWe measured Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms at frequent intervals during the 12 months after initial presentation to determine the active psychosis duration for 230 individuals with first‐episode psychosis. This duration was added to DUP prior to presentation to create a new variable, duration of active psychosis (DAP). Negative symptoms were divided into expressivity and motivation/pleasure domains as measured by Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). The relationship of DUP and DAP with negative symptoms at 24‐month follow up was determined and confounders controlled for using regression analysis.ResultsWhen DUP and DAP were compared as binary variables with long and short groups, 25.2% of individuals had differing category membership. DAP had a significant uncorrected association with both expressivity domain and motivation/pleasure domains at 24 months; however, relationship with DUP was not significant. DAP remained a significant predictor of 24‐month expressivity domain after controlling for potential confounders.ConclusionsActive psychosis after presentation is substantial, which is a limitation of DUP studies if active psychosis is considered as the key factor within DUP. DAP is a better predictor of negative symptoms than DUP at 2‐year follow up, which suggests this concept requires further research.
Intimate Partner Relationship Distress in the DSM‐5
Authors: Foran Heather M. , Whisman Mark A. , Beach Steven R. H. 
Published: January 2015

Over the past 40 years, a large body of literature has documented intimate partner relationship distress as a primary reason for seeking mental health services as well as an integral factor in the prognosis and treatment of a range of mental and physical health conditions. In recognition of its relevance to clinical care, the description of intimate partner relationship distress has been expanded in the DSM‐5. Nonetheless, this is irrelevant if the DSM‐5 code for intimate partner relationship distress is not reliably used in clinical practice and research settings. Thus, with the goal of dissemination in mind, the purpose of this paper was to provide clinicians and researchers with specific guidelines on how to reliably assess intimate partner relationship distress and how this information can be used to inform treatment planning. In addition to the implications for direct clinical care, we discuss the importance of reliable assessment and documentation of intimate partner relationship distress for future progress in epidemiology, etiology, and public health research.
Short‐Term Performance of U.S.‐Bound Chinese IPOs
Authors: Haggard K. Stephen , Walkup Brian R. , Xi Yaoyi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFirms from emerging markets, including China, increasingly seek to raise capital outside of their home markets. We examine the short‐term performance of U.S.‐bound Chinese initial public offerings (IPOs) and find that these IPOs have significantly lower underpricing than a matched sample of U.S. counterparts. We also find that the magnitude of IPO underpricing for U.S.‐bound Chinese firms is positively related to revisions in offer price.
Influence of Prostate Stem Cell Antigen Gene Polymorphisms on Susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori‐associated Diseases: A Case‐control Study
Authors: Ichikawa Hitomi , Sugimoto Mitsushige , Uotani Takahiro , Sahara Shu , Yamade Mihoko , Iwaizumi Moriya , Yamada Takanori , Osawa Satoshi , Sugimoto Ken , Miyajima Hiroaki , Yamaoka Yoshio , Furuta Takahisa 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundPatients with duodenal ulcer have a reduced risk of developing gastric cancer compared to those without. Recently, the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) rs2294008 C>T polymorphism was found to be associated with different pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer developments. However, whether PSCA rs2294008 C>T polymorphism is associated with severity of gastric mucosal atrophy is unclear. We examined the influence of the PSCA rs2294008 C>T polymorphism on susceptibility to H. pylori‐related diseases and the relationships between PSCA polymorphism and gastric mucosal atrophy.MethodsPSCA rs2294008 C>T polymorphism was assessed in H. pylori‐positive Japanese patients (n = 488) with noncardia gastric cancer (n = 193), gastric ulcer (n = 84), duodenal ulcer (n = 61), and atrophic gastritis (n = 150), as well as in H. pylori‐negatives (n = 266).ResultsFrequency of PSCA rs2294008 C/C genotype in duodenal ulcer was 36.1%, which was significantly higher than those with gastric cancer (12.4%), gastric ulcer (19.0%), gastritis (10.7%), and H. pylori‐negatives (19.5%) (p < .001). Compared with duodenal ulcer, having the T allele significantly increased the risk of gastric cancer (OR: 3.97, 95% CI: 2.02–7.80; p < .001), gastric ulcer (2.40, 1.13–5.10; p = .023), and gastritis (4.72, 2.26–9.86; p < .001). Mean pepsinogen (PG) I/PG II ratio in T allele carriers (2.17 ± 0.75) was significantly lower than that in C/C genotype (3.39 ± 1.27, p < .001).ConclusionsThe PSCA rs2294008 C>T polymorphism is associated with differing susceptibilities to H. pylori‐associated diseases. The PSCA rs2294008 C>T polymorphism may be acting through induction of gastric mucosal atrophy, finally leading to development of gastric ulcer and gastric cancer in PSCA rs2294008 T allele carriers, but not duodenal ulcer.
The Tennessee study: factors affecting treatment outcome and healing time following nonsurgical root canal treatment
Authors: Azim A. A. , Griggs J. A. , Huang G. T.‐J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimTo determine factors that may influence treatment outcome and healing time following root canal treatment.MethodologyRoot filled and restored teeth by pre‐doctoral students were included in this study. Teeth/roots were followed‐up regularly, and treatment outcome was evaluated at every follow‐up appointment (healed, healing, uncertain or unsatisfactory). Host (age, immune condition, pulp/periapical diagnosis, tooth/root type, location and anatomy) and treatment factors (master apical file size, apical extension, voids and density of root filling) were recorded from patient dental records. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the impact of the factors on treatment outcomes and healing times.ResultsA total of 422 roots from 291 teeth met the inclusion criteria with a mean follow‐up period of 2 years. The preoperative pulp condition, procedural errors during treatment, apical extension and density of root fillings significantly affected the treatment outcome. The average time required for a periapical lesion to heal was 11.78 months. The healing time increased in patients with compromised healing, patients older than 40 years, roots with Weine type II root canal systems, root canal systems prepared to a master apical file size <35, and roots with overextended fillings (P < 0.1).ConclusionMultiple host and treatment factors affected the healing time and outcome of root canal treatment. Follow‐up protocols should consider these factors before concluding the treatment outcome: patient's age, immune condition, as well as roots with overextended fillings, root canal systems with smaller apical preparations (size <35) or roots with complex canal systems. Intervention may be recommended if the treatment quality was inadequate or if patients became symptomatic.
Does Immigration Undermine Public Support for Integration in the European Union?
Authors: Toshkov Dimiter , Kortenska Elitsa 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIt is well established that negative attitudes towards immigrants are strongly associated with lower public support for European integration. But the impact of actual immigration levels on immigration attitudes is still contested. As a result, the relationship between immigration levels and EU public support remains uncertain from a theoretical point of view. We offer an empirical study of the link between immigration from the new EU member states from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and EU support at the regional level in Spain, France, Ireland and The Netherlands. The results of the analyses suggest that in all four countries immigration from CEE had negative effects on support for European integration in the host societies. In short, immigration seems to undermine integration, although internal migration within the EU is necessary for the successful functioning of its economic union and the future of political integration.