bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Adaptation of the Fast Fourier Transform for Parallel Processing
Authors: Pease Marshall C. 
Published: July 2002

A modified version of the Fast Fourier Transform is developed and described. This version is well adapted for use in a special-purpose computer designed for the purpose. It is shown that only three operators are needed. One operator replaces successive pairs of data points by their sums and differences. The second operator performs a fixed permutation which is an ideal shuffle of the data. The third operator permits the multiplication of a selected subset of the data by a common complex multiplier.
If, as seems reasonable, the slowest operation is the complex multiplications required, then, for reasonably sized date sets—e.g. 512 complex numbers—parallelization by the method developed should allow an increase of speed over the serial use of the Fast Fourier Transform by about two orders of magnitude.
It is suggested that a machine to realize the speed improvement indicated is quite feasible.
The analysis is based on the use of the Kronecker product of matrices. It is suggested that this form is of general use in the development and classification of various modifications and extensions of the algorithm.
Data and memory optimization techniques for embedded systems
Authors: Panda P. R. , Catthoor F. , Dutt N. D. , Danckaert K. , Brockmeyer E. , Kulkarni C. , Vandercappelle A. , Kjeldsberg P. G. 
Published: July 2002

We present a survey of the state-of-the-art techniques used in performing data and memory-related optimizations in embedded systems. The optimizations are targeted directly or indirectly at the memory subsystem, and impact one or more out of three important cost metrics: area, performance, and power dissipation of the resulting implementation.We first examine architecture-independent optimizations in the form of code transoformations. We next cover a broad spectrum of optimization techniques that address memory architectures at varying levels of granularity, ranging from register files to on-chip memory, data caches, and dynamic memory (DRAM). We end with memory addressing related issues.
Course and exercise sequencing using metadata in adaptive hypermedia learning systems
Authors: Fischer Stephan 
Published: July 2002

In the last few years the (semi-) automatic sequencing of course material has become an important research issue, particularly the standardization of metadata for educational resources. Sequencing can help to generate hypermedia documents which, at their best match the learner's needs. To perform (semi-) automatic course sequencing, a knowledge library as well as modular resources can be used. Both must be described by metadata.
First, metadata standards (IEEE Learning Objects Metadata, Instructional Management Systems Global Learning Consortium, Dublin Core) are analyzed with regard to course sequencing. As an application example, Multibook, an adaptive hypermedia system used to teach multimedia technology, is described. Multibook uses metadata to create course se- quences semi-automatically. In this article we explain how a knowledge library can be used to create exercises automatically. We give an example of how courses can be sequenced in general by analyzing the creation of exercises. An evaluation of our system shows the advantages and drawbacks of the automatic course sequencing approach.
Semantic database modeling: survey, applications, and research issues
Authors: Hull Richard , King Roger 
Published: July 2002

Most common database management systems represent information in a simple record-based format. Semantic modeling provides richer data structuring capabilities for database applications. In particular, research in this area has articulated a number of constructs that provide mechanisms for representing structurally complex interrelations among data typically arising in commercial applications. In general terms, semantic modeling complements work on knowledge representation (in artificial intelligence) and on the new generation of database models based on the object-oriented paradigm of programming languages.This paper presents an in-depth discussion of semantic data modeling. It reviews the philosophical motivations of semantic models, including the need for high-level modeling abstractions and the reduction of semantic overloading of data type constructors. It then provides a tutorial introduction to the primary components of semantic models, which are the explicit representation of objects, attributes of and relationships among objects, type constructors for building complex types, ISA relationships, and derived schema components. Next, a survey of the prominent semantic models in the literature is presented. Further, since a broad area of research has developed around semantic modeling, a number of related topics based on these models are discussed, including data languages, graphical interfaces, theoretical investigations, and physical implementation strategies.
Selected papers from the sixth international conference on information systems
Authors: Davis Gordon B. 
Published: July 2002

There are a number of alternative tools and methods for building and designing information systems for organizational use. Each tool or design alternative has its advocates. Benefits and advantages are proposed or claimed; little empirical evidence is presented.
The two selected papers from the 1985 International Conference on Information Systems (Indianapolis, December 15-18) present empirical laboratory experiments to provide evidence as to tools and design alternatives. The first paper by Dickson, DeSanctis, and McBride describes three experiments to compare traditional tabular presentation with graphic presentation. The experiments are designed to build cumulative research results around the issue of the task the reader of the information is to perform upon receiving the information. The second paper by Vessey and Weber provides experimental evidence comparing methods for documenting a problem: decision tree, decision table, and structured English. The three methods are frequently presented as alternatives; the experiments compare them.
Two studies do not settle an issue as complex as comparison of alternative tools and methods: they begin to provide the evidence needed. They also illustrate one well-established research approach—the laboratory experiment. The advantage of laboratory experiments is the control that can be obtained; field studies and experience of practitioners can be understood more fully in the context of such laboratory results.
Advances in In Situ Ultra-High Vacuum Electron Microscopy: Growth of SiGe on Si
Authors: Tromp Ruud M. , Ross Frances M. 
Published: July 2002

▪ Abstract  In situ Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV) electron microscopy, including Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) at 300 keV electron energy and Low-Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM) at 0-30 eV electron energy, has advanced enormously over the last decade. Growth of thin films such as epitaxial Si1−xGex alloy thin films on Si substrates has become routine, allowing high-resolution video-rate studies of processes such as misfit dislocation injection and interaction, surface roughening and faceting, self-assembly of quantum dots, and shape transitions in such quantum dots. We review results obtained in the SiGe/Si system in the last five years. In addition we discuss new directions in in situ electron microscopy as they apply to thin film formation in a range of materials and environments. [ Erratum ]
A Computational Model of Information Processing in the Frontal Cortex and Basal Ganglia
Authors: Amos Andrew 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Performance on the Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST) of patients with schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD) was simulated by a neural network model constructed on principles derived from neuroanatomic loops from the frontal cortex through the basal ganglia and thalamus. The model provided a computational rationale for the empirical pattern of perseverative errors associated with frontal cortex dysfunction and random errors associated with striatal dysfunction. The model displayed perseverative errors in performance when the gain parameter of the activation function in units representing frontal cortex neurons was reduced as an analog of reduced dopamine release. Random errors occurred when the gain parameter of the activation function in units representing striatal neurons was reduced, or when the activation level was itself reduced as an analog of a striatal lesion. The model demonstrated that the perseveration of schizophrenic, Huntington's, and demented Parkinsonian patients may be principally due to ineffective inhibition of previously learned contextual rules in the frontal cortex, while the random errors of Parkinson's and Huntington's patients are more likely to be due to unsystematic errors of matching in the striatum. The model also made specific, empirically falsifiable predictions that can be used to explore the utility of these putative mechanisms of information processing in the frontal cortex and basal ganglia.
Neural Specialization for Letter Recognition
Authors: Polk Thad A. , Stallcup Matthew , Aguirre Geoffrey K. , Alsop David C. , D'Esposito Mark , Detre John A. , Farah Martha J. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to estimate neural activity while subjects viewed strings of consonants, digits, and shapes. An area on or near the left fusiform gyrus was found that responded significantly more to letters than digits. Similar results were obtained when consonants were used whose visual features were matched with the digits and when an active matching task was used, suggesting that the results cannot be easily attributed to artifacts of the stimuli or task. These results demonstrate that neural specialization in the human brain can extend to a category of stimuli that is culturally defined and that is acquired many years postnatally.
IF THE LORD'S ANOINTED HAD LIVED
Authors: Davies Philip 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe assassination of a Jewish high priest in 171 bce removed the one figure who might have been able to unite the Jews of Judah and successfully mediate between them and the Seleucid king. Had this popular character survived and returned to Judah, the successful revolt of a Maccabean-led Judean faction against the Seleucids would probably not have happened, and there would have been no Hasmonean dynasty, no interlude of national independence and a different history of relations with Rome, one that did not result in loss of land or temple (or priesthood). What kind of Judaism, almost certainly without Christianity (and without Islam?) would have persisted? What kind of religion would a Constantine have officially adopted (if any)? What sort of Western civilization, if any, might have resulted?
SIMPLICIUS OR PRISCIANUS? ON THE AUTHOR OF THE COMMENTARY ON ARISTOTLE'S DE ANIMA (CAG XI): A METHODOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Hadot Ilsetraut 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis article represents a new contribution to the author's debate with C. Steel as to the authenticity of the Commentary on Aristotle's De Anima, attributed by the manuscripts to the 6th-century A.D. Neoplatonist philosopher Simplicius. On the basis of what he claims are stylistic and doctrinal differences between the In DA and Simplicius' other commentaries, Steel has argued that the In DA cannot be by Simplicius, but is instead to be attributed to his contemporary Priscian of Lydia. In the present article, it is argued (1) that the alleged stylistic differences between the In DA and Simplicius' other commentaries can be explained by other considerations: in particular, the vocabulary and style of the Neoplatonist commentators is largely determined by the text commented upon, as well as the level of studies of the audience for whom each commentary is intended. (2) The alleged doctrinal differences between the In DA and Simplicius' other commentaries simply do not exist. Careful examination of Steel's arguments shows that they suffer from serious methodological flaws, including the failure to take into consideration Simplicius' Commentary on the Manual of Epictetus, and the ambiguity of Neoplatonic philosophical terminology. It is concluded that in the whole of Steel's argumentation, there is not one decisive argument which would allow us to conclude that the commentary on the De Anima, attributed by direct and indirect tradition to Simplicius, is inauthentic.
SPRACHLICHE BEOBACHTUNGEN ZU PS. XC 5F.
Authors: Müller Hans-Peter 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDer Artikel beschäftigt sich mit cruces interpretum in Ps. xc 5f. zeramtām (V.5a) erschließt sich von phöniz. 'zrm „ich wurde fortgerissen“ KAI 14,3.13 her und bedeutet entsprechend „du raffst sie hinweg“. HLP I (5b.6a) meint nicht „vergehen“, sondern „sprießen“, was sich sowohl aus dem Kontext, als auch lexikalisch ergibt. Zur Syntax: zeramtām wird omnitemporal, jihjû (5a) konsekutiv(-final) gebraucht. wehālāp/ wejābāš (6) sind Habitative; Aramaismen liegen nicht vor.
ΣΧΟΙΝΟΣ IN THE SEPTUAGINT
Authors: Aitken James 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe lexeme σχο νοsigma 'reed, rush' in the LXX denotes a 'pen' once and translates twice the name 'Shittim'. Although some explanation is needed for these instances, they are explicable translations. In Jer. xviii 15, however, the glosses 'reed' or 'measure' do not make sense in the context, and 'way' is probably to be preferred. This would be a metaphorical application of the meaning 'measure', popular in Hellenistic geographers. The same meaning also makes sense of the context of LXX Ps. cxxxviii 3, where 'bed' is the normal gloss suggested. The meaning 'bed' is derived from Schleusner and Brenton, and, although it is not attested elsewhere in Greek, has been adopted by the Supplements to LSJ and even incorrectly categorized there under a gloss with a different denotation. The interpretation of σχο νοsigma as 'way' is supported by similar metaphorical uses in the LXX for words from the semantic field of 'way'.
FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY AMONG ENDEMIC POPULATIONS OF GASTEROSTEUS ACULEATUS
Authors: Bergstrom  , Reimchen  
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) has been used as a measure of developmental stability across many taxa, with asymmetric individuals presumed to have reduced fitness. FA has also been suggested for use in conservation biology as a measure of the health of populations. Here we assess the suitability of these uses of FA by using a novel measure of asymmetry in the bony lateral plates of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from 60 insular and endemic freshwater populations from the Queen Charlotte Islands. The frequency of asymmetric G. aculeatus individuals among populations varied from 1% to 76% with a mean of 42%. Extreme variation in the frequency of asymmetries among lateral plate positions within samples was also observed. Plates important to the structural integrity of predator defences were least asymmetric, either due to selection against asymmetry at these positions or to variation in the temporal development of the plates. These results emphasize the need for caution when interpreting differential levels of FA among traits in individuals and populations, as the differences may be due to variation in the strength or direction of selection for symmetry, and not exclusively to differences in fitness.
COPING IN FEMALE MICE FROM LINES BIDIRECTIONALLY SELECTED FOR MALE AGGRESSION
Authors: R.F.Benus  
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn male house mice, differences have been reported in behavioural strategies to cope with challenges. These differences are related to a differentiation in territorial aggression. In the present study it was investigated whether consistent differences exist in response to challenges among female mice. For this purpose, females from lines selected for male s hort and l ong a ttack l atency in a resident-intruder paradigm were used. SAL females were significantly and consistently more prone to engage a non-social challenge than LAL females, both during development as in adulthood. This was measured in an unfamiliar object test and an open field test. To assess the response of females to social challenges, SAL and LAL dams were confronted with an intruder at regular intervals during the lactation period. SAL as well as LAL dams showed very short attack latencies and there were no differences between SAL and LAL mice. It is suggested that the pup protection function of maternal aggression does not allow the development of significant variation in maternal aggression. This infers that maternal aggression is not a suited parameter to assess the response of female mice to a social challenge.
CYST PRODUCTION IN THE FAIRY SHRIMP, STREPTOCEPHALUS PROBOSCIDEUS (ANOSTRACA) IN RELATION TO ALGAL AND LORICATED ROTIFER DIET
Authors: Sarma  , Dumont  , Ali A. Jawahar 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAdult fairy shrimps, Streptocephalus proboscideus (Frauenfeld, 1873) reared separately using algae (Scenedesmus acutus Meyen), a large loricate rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas, 1766) and mixtures of algal and animal diets (1 : 1 ratio on a dry weight basis) at a rate of 17 mug DW ml 1 day 1 produced a mean number of 184 +/- 38, 111 +/- 14, and 160 +/- 14 cysts per brood, respectively. Of these, the rotifer-only diet was significantly inferior to both other food types. Measurements of cyst volume revealed an effect of food type. With all three types, S. proboscideus produced cysts in the size range of 3.0-9.0 x 106 mum3. However, sizes smaller than 3:0 x 106 mum3 occurred in algae-fed anostracans and those larger than 9:0 x 106 mum3 in rotifer-fed individuals. When the mean cyst production was expressed in terms of volume instead of numbers, there was a suggestion that the mixture of algae and rotifers was the superior combination, while females reared on rotifers produced a significantly (38%) lower total cyst volume. Hatchability of cysts, either dried or un-dried, was not significantly different between treatments. Des adultes de l'Anostrace Streptocephalus proboscideus (Frauenfeld, 1873), ont ete eleves en utilisant separement des algues (Scenedesmus acutus Meyen), un grand rotifere (Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas, 1766) et des melanges d'aliments algaux et animaux (proportion 1 : 1 sur la base du poids sec) a un taux de 17 mug DW ml-1 jour-1. Ils ont produit un nombre moyen de cystes de, respectivement, 184 +/- 38, 111 +/- 14 et 160 +/- 14 par ponte. Parmi ces regimes, celui de rotiferes exclusivement etait significativement inferieur aux deux autres. Les mesures de volume des cystes revelaient un effet du type de nourriture. Avec les trois types, S. proboscideus produisait des cystes dans la gamme de tailles de 3,0-9,0 x 106 mum3. Cependant, des tailles inferieures a 3,0 x 106 mum3 etaient observees chez les Anostraces algivores et des tailles superieures a 9,0 x 106 mum3 chez les individus nourris de rotiferes. Quand la production moyenne de cystes etait exprimee, non en terme de nombre, mains en volume, il semblait que le melange d'algues et de rotiferes etait la meilleure combinaison, alors que les femelles nourries de rotiferes produisaient un volume total de cystes significativement inferieur (38%). La capacite d'eclosion des cystes, seches ou non, ne differait pas de facon significative suivant les traitements.
New records of Criconematoidea (Nematoda) from South Africa, with the description of Criconema zantene n. sp.
Authors: Tiedt Louwrens , Van Den Berg Esther 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCriconema zantene n. sp., found in the rhizosphere of a Podocarpus sp. tree, is described and illustrated. Females are characterised by having 46-56 body annuli covered with tile-like scales, stylet 101-122 μm long, one lip annulus with a greater diameter than first body annulus, distinct submedian lobes, tooth-like lobes on posterior body annuli with a double row of lobes on first annulus directly posterior to vulva, a sigmoid vagina and an overhanging anterior vulval lip. Second, third and fourth stage juveniles with varying numbers of longitudinal rows of filamented scales on cuticle. Criconema princeps (Andrássy, 1962) Raski & Luc, 1985, Mesocriconema dherdei (De Grisse, 1967) Loof & De Grisse, 1989 and Paratylenchus straeleni (De Coninck, 1931) Oostenbrink, 1960 are reported from South Africa for the first time. These species are briefly discussed, illustrated and morphometrics given. Additional data is given for C. pauciannulatum Van den Berg, 1992.
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of mixed-layer clays dispersed in PVP-10: a new technique to distinguish detrital and authigenic illitic material
Authors: Uhlík P. , Šucha V. , Elsass F. , Čaplovičová M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe results of a new technique for the measurement of the thickness distribution of fundamental particles are reported. The technique is based on high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) of Na-saturated mixed-layer illite-smectite dispersed in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-10). Intercalation of PVP-10 increases the spacing of expandable interlayers and changes the arrangement of particles so that the number of layers per fundamental particle can be counted easily on HRTEM images. The data obtained by HRTEM on PVP-10-intercalated illite-smectite of hydrothermal origin are compared with data from the Pt-shadowing technique. A good agreement between the two methods for the measured thickness distributions, mean thickness and expandability confirms the reliability of the new technique. The same technique is applied to a set of four sedimentary samples with different expandabilities (83-18%). The thickness of illite particles from shales and claystones has a lognormal distribution. Detrital anddiscrete illite particles can be distinguished from the thickness distribution of authigenic illite.
Textural and geochemical micro-analysis in the interpretation of clay mineral characteristics: lessons from sandstone hydrocarbon reservoirs
Authors: Hurst A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBack-scattered electron images of clay minerals from sandstones are used, together with complementary micro-analytical methods, to identify and quantify mineral microporosity and geochemistry. Clay minerals typically have a range of microporosity from 10 to >90% dependent on texture and paragenesis. Fibrous clays are highly microporous; detrital clays have low microporosity but specific clay minerals have broad ranges of microporosity. The often quoted mineral-chemical association between thorium (Th) and kaolinite cannot be substantiated by micro-analysis. The Th content of clay minerals is associated with micro-inclusions within the kaolinite which form diagenetically or are derived from precursor minerals.