bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of nuclear factor kappa‐B in phenytoin‐induced gingival overgrowth
Authors: Arabaci T , Köse O , Kizildağ A , Albayrak M , Çiçek Y , Kara A 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveThis study investigates the expression of transcription factor nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and its relation to various cellular mediators that act in the pathogenesis of phenytoin‐induced gingival overgrowth.Materials and methodsEighteen epileptic patients had phenytoin‐induced gingival overgrowth (PHT‐GO), 20 patients with plaque‐induced gingivitis (Gingivitis), and 20 periodontally and systemically healthy individuals (Control) were included in this study. The expression of activated NF‐κB subunits (p50 and p65), IL‐1β, TNF‐α and TGFβ‐1 levels were examined in the gingival sections obtained from each participant.ResultsThe results demonstrated a significantly higher expression of p65 in fibroblasts in PHT‐GO group with respect to Gingivitis (P < 0.05) and control groups (P < 0.01). However, we found no statistically significant differences between PHT‐GO and Gingivitis groups according to the immunohistochemical staining in macrophages (P > 0.05). Immune‐reactive TGFβ‐1 levels in the gingival connective tissue cells were statistically higher in PHT‐GO group with respect to Gingivitis group(P < 0.05). Statistically significant correlations were found between the HI and activated TGFβ‐1 and p65 levels in PHT‐GO group.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that NF‐κB is activated in PHT‐related gingival overgrowth. This study may provide a basis for future research into specific NF‐κB inhibition for preventing of the side effects of this drug.
Effects of Intra‐Operative Ketamine Administration on Postoperative Catheter‐Related Bladder Discomfort: A Double‐Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Shariat Moharari Reza , Lajevardi Mahbod , Khajavi Mohammadreza , Najafi Atabak , Shariat Moharari Gazelle , Etezadi Farhad 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPurposeUrinary catheterization during surgery frequently leads to unfavorable signs and symptoms (ie urgency, discomfort, frequency) during recovery. These signs and symptoms are collectively called catheter‐related bladder discomfort (CRBD). We hypothesized that preemptive IV ketamine administration prior to intra‐operative catheterization would reduce the incidence of CRBD in the postoperative period when compared to placebo.MethodsThe study consisted of 114 adult patients undergoing elective nephrectomy. They were randomized to 2 equal groups of 57 subjects. In the intervention group, IV ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) was administered directly after induction of anesthesia, but before urinary catheterization. The control group received an injection of 2 mL of normal saline. The study evaluated the incidence and severity of CRBD at 0, 1, 2, and 6 hours after commencement of the recovery period. The study also compared the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, hallucinations, sedation, and respiratory depression in the 2 groups.ResultsAt the 0‐ and 1‐hour evaluations, the incidence and severity of CRBD were lower in the intervention group; however, at the 2‐ and 6‐hour evaluations, there were no significant differences in incidence and severity of CRBD between the 2 groups. A decreased incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) was observed at 2‐ and 6‐hour visits in the intervention group. Also, a higher occurrence of sedation was seen at the 0‐hour checkup in the intervention group.ConclusionPreemptive administration of IV ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) can reduce incidence and severity of CRBD in the early postoperative period
Ret transgenic mouse model of spontaneous skin melanoma: focus on regulatory T cells
Authors: Umansky Viktor , Sevko Alexandra 
Published: April 2013

SummaryRet transgenic mouse model of skin malignant melanoma is characterized by the overexpression of the human ret transgene in melanin‐containing cells. Transgenic mice spontaneously develop skin tumors with metastases in lymph nodes, lungs, liver, brain, and the bone marrow. Tumor lesions show typical melanoma morphology and express melanoma‐associated antigens. Although transgenic mice demonstrate an accumulation of melanoma antigen‐specific memory and effector T cells, their anti‐tumor effects could be blocked by highly immunosuppressive leukocytes enriched in the tumor microenvironment and in the periphery. Here, we discuss the role of one of the most potent immunosuppressive subset, regulatory T cells, in the melanoma progression in this model.
Counting Things
Authors: Eveling Stanley 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper argues that it is part of the concept of the positive integers that they are for the sake of numbering things (what Benacerraf calls transitive counting). Numbers are necessarily associated with standard, conventionally established counting sets constituted by the Peano axioms; they cannot be specified independently of a paradigm counting stock, any more than lengths can be part of a system of assessment without appeal to some standard object. Scepticism deriving from Kripke and Salmon is countered by acknowledgement that the paradigms themselves are among the means by which the terms of the system get applied and adjudicated.
In the Beginning Was the Deed
Authors: Cockburn David 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWinch's readings of Wittgenstein and Weil call for a significant rethinking of the relation between “metaphysics” and “ethics.” But there are confusions, perhaps to be found in all three of these writers, that we may slip into here. These are linked with the tendency to see idealist tendencies in Wittgenstein, and with his remark that giving grounds comes to an end, not in a kind of seeing on our part, but in our acting. The sense that we think we see in this suggestion is dependent on a distorted conception of “justification.” Getting clear about this involves coming to appreciate just how much of our nature as ethical beings is engaged when we do philosophy.
An effective hair removal algorithm for dermoscopy images
Authors: Toossi Mohammad Taghi Bahreyni , Pourreza Hamid Reza , Zare Hoda , Sigari Mohamad‐Hoseyn , Layegh Pouran , Azimi Abbas 
Published: April 2013

Background/purposeDermoscopy is one of the major imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions. Due to the difficulty and subjectivity of human interpretation, computerized image analysis techniques have become important tools in this research area. Hair removal from skin lesion images is one of the key problems for the precise segmentation and analysis of the skin lesions. In this study, we present a new scheme that automatically detects and removes hairs from dermoscopy images.MethodsThe proposed algorithm includes two steps: firstly, light and dark hairs and ruler marking are segmented through adaptive canny edge detector and refinement by morphological operators. Secondly, the hairs are repaired based on multi‐resolution coherence transport inpainting.ResultsThe algorithm was applied to 50 dermoscopy images. To estimate the accuracy of the proposed hair detection algorithm, quantitative analysis was performed using TDR, FPR, and DA metrics. Moreover, to evaluate the performance of the proposed hair repaired algorithm, three statistical metrics namely entropy, standard deviation, and co‐occurrence matrix were used.ConclusionThe results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is highly accurate and able to detect and repair the hair pixels with few errors. In addition, the segmentation veracity of the skin lesion is effectively improved after our proposed hair removal algorithm.
Consistent Identification of CFRP Viscoelastic Models from Creep to Dynamic Loadings
Authors: Berthe J. , Brieu M. , Deletombe E. , Portemont G. , Lecomte‐Grosbras P. , Deudon A. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTRate‐dependent models require creep or mechanical tests at various strain rates in order to be identified and validated. Different geometries coexist for creep and static tests (normative geometry) and for dynamic tests. Therefore, due to geometrical sample considerations, experimental results could be inconsistent for identification or validation procedures, inducing, for example, differences on the shear modulus only due to the change of geometry.The objective of this work is to present an improved sample geometry that allows to obtain consistent mechanical tests results at various strain rates highlighting the rate dependencies of laminates. In particular, a complete mechanical validation of the sample geometry for dynamic tests is successfully performed in order to avoid inconsistency. Results of static and dynamic tests on the validated geometry are analysed, and the rate dependency of the elastic properties of the UD T700GC/M21 mesoscopic ply is highlighted on a wide strain rate range (10−3 to 102 s−1). Finally, the identification of a non‐linear viscoelastic model is performed on dynamic and creep tests results in order to obtain a representative model for dynamic, static and creep loadings, and to demonstrate the importance of introducing the improved geometry for the dynamic tests.
The Emergence and Consolidation of the Urban‐Rural Region: Migration Patterns around Copenhagen 1986–2011
Authors: Fertner Christian 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn recent decades, urbanisation in Europe has been characterised by the development and expansion of functionally integrated urban regions. Areas around Copenhagen, Denmark, have also experienced continuous urbanisation and a considerable in‐migration, which has contributed to the development of a wider metropolitan region. Most recently, however, a shift of migration towards the urban centre has occurred. Was the emergence of the urban‐rural region just an ephemeral phenomenon? Migration patterns are used to analyse urban‐rural relationships. Generally, in‐migration was concentrated in areas located at medium to long‐distances from the city centre from 1996–2005, while in the years since 2006, this trend has been reversed. However, a differentiated view on migration shows a very diverse and non‐linear development. We focus on three migration types, Ex‐urbanisation, Displaced urbanisation and Anti‐urbanisation and compare their development since 1986 in three time periods. Each type shows a different behaviour, partially unstable over time.
Poverty in Peripheral Informal Settlements in Mexico City: The Case of Magdalena Contreras, Federal District
Authors: Aguilar Adrián G. , Guerrero Flor López 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to discuss the relationship between the difficult economic situation in Mexico over recent years and the increasing disadvantages in irregular settlements that are found on the periphery of the Federal District. The focus is on informal settlements in the Magdalena Contreras Delegation, a peripheral municipality where the research team applied 719 questionnaires to the inhabitants. The results offer an up‐to‐date socio‐economic analysis of the population. We are also in a position to suggest answers to the following questions: to what extent communal lands with a high ecological value act as territorial reserves for irregular settlements?; how do poverty levels in these settlements affect the consolidation process in terms of housing quality and access to public services?; how much heterogeneity is there inside irregular settlements and what is the level of poverty in these settlements and how grave is the situation?
Mutation of the GATA site in the erythroid cell–specific regulatory element of the ABO gene in a Bm subgroup individual
Authors: Nakajima Tamiko , Sano Rie , Takahashi Yoichiro , Kubo Rieko , Takahashi Keiko , Kominato Yoshihiko , Tsukada Junichi , Takeshita Haruo , Yasuda Toshihiro , Uchikawa Makoto , Isa Kazumi , Ogasawara Kenichi 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThe ABO blood group is important in blood transfusion. Recently, an erythroid cell–specific regulatory element has been identified in the first intron of ABO using luciferase reporter assays with K562 cells. The erythroid cell–specific regulatory activity of the element was dependent upon GATA‐1 binding. In addition, partial deletion of Intron 1 including the element was observed in genomic DNAs obtained from 111 Bm and ABm individuals, except for one, whereas the deletion was never found among 1005 individuals with the common phenotypes.Study Design and MethodsIn this study, further investigation was performed to reveal the underlying mechanism responsible for reduction of B antigen expression in the exceptional Bm individual. Peptide nucleic acid–clamping polymerase chain reaction was carried out to amplify the B‐related allele, followed by sequence determination. Electrophoretic mobility assays and promoter assays were performed to examine whether a nucleotide substitution reduced the binding of a transcription factor and induced loss of function of the element.ResultsSequence determination revealed one point mutation of the GATA motif in the element. The electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the mutation abolished the binding of GATA transcription factors, and the promoter assays demonstrated complete loss of enhancer activity of the element.ConclusionThese observations suggest that the mutation in the GATA motif of the erythroid‐specific regulatory element may diminish the binding of GATA transcription factors and down regulate transcriptional activity of the element on the B allele, leading to reduction of B antigen expression in erythroid lineage cells of the Bm individual.
ADAMTS13 unbound to larger von Willebrand factor multimers in cryosupernatant: implications for selection of plasma preparations for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treatment
Authors: Hori Yuji , Hayakawa Masaki , Isonishi Ayami , Soejima Kenji , Matsumoto Masanori , Fujimura Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is characterized by deficient ADAMTS13 activity. Treatment involves plasma exchange (PE). Both fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) and cryosupernatant (CSP) are used, but it remains to be determined which is more effective.Study Design and MethodsTo analyze the interaction between von Willebrand factor (VWF) and ADAMTS13, we used large‐pore isoelectric focusing (IEF) analysis followed by detection with anti‐ADAMTS13 monoclonal antibody. FFP, CSP, cryoprecipitate (CP), and purified ADAMTS13 were analyzed for their effects on high shear stress–induced platelet aggregation (H‐SIPA).ResultsIEF analysis of normal plasma revealed three groups of ADAMTS13 bands with pI of 4.9 to 5.6, 5.8 to 6.7, and 7.0 or 7.5. Two band groups (pI 4.9‐5.6 and 5.8‐6.7) were found in plasma of a patient with Type 3 von Willebrand disease, in which VWF is absent, whereas no bands were found in plasma of a patient with congenital ADAMTS13 deficiency. Mixing these plasmas generated the bands at pI 7.0 or 7.5, representing the VWF‐ADAMTS13 complex; these bands were absent in CSP. FFP and purified ADAMTS13 down regulated H‐SIPA in a dose‐dependent manner. However, CP did not inhibit H‐SIPA in the initial phase, and the degree of inhibition at the endpoint was almost indistinguishable from those of the other two plasma products.ConclusionBoth plasma products (FFP and CSP) are effective for PE in TTP patients. However, CSP may be more favorable, because it has lower levels of VWF and almost normal ADAMTS13 activity, but lower levels of ADAMTS13 in complex with larger VWF multimers.
Calcinosis cutis in dogs: histopathological and clinical analysis of 46 cases
Authors: Doerr Katherine A. , Outerbridge Catherine A. , White Stephen D. , Kass Philip H. , Shiraki Ryoji , Lam Andrea T. , Affolter Verena K. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundCalcinosis cutis is well recognized in dogs with endogenous hyperglucocorticism and iatrogenic hyperglucocorticism, but the pathogenesis is still unclear.ObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to identify possible correlations between histopathological patterns of dermal mineralization in skin biopsies and underlying causes for calcinosis cutis in dogs, as well as to determine breed predilection and age of onset for dogs within a hospital population. In addition, mineral analysis was performed on four biopsy samples.AnimalsForty‐six dogs with histopathologically confirmed calcinosis cutis were evaluated.MethodsMedical records and histological sections of dogs with calcinosis cutis diagnosed by histopathology over a 21 year period were reviewed. Infrared spectrometry was used to identify the mineral in the paraffin blocks. Exact chi‐squared test was used to identify breed predispositions, while a Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to identify age correlations.ResultsLabrador retrievers, Rottweilers, boxers and Staffordshire terriers were the breeds most commonly affected in this study. Most dogs had either an exogenous or an endogenous source of corticosteroids, with the exception of five dogs with renal insufficiency. In the majority of cases, mineralization was found throughout the entire dermis. The average age of onset of calcinosis cutis for dogs with endogenous hyperglucocorticism was older than that of dogs with iatrogenic hyperglucocorticism. Using infrared spectrometry, apatite crystals were found to be the source of mineral.Conclusions and clinical importanceThere was no observable difference in the histopathological pattern of calcinosis cutis from dogs with endogenous hyperglucocorticism versus iatrogenic hyperglucocorticism. While glucocorticoid therapy appears to predispose dogs to developing calcinosis cutis, it remains unclear whether there is a specific dose or combination of factors that initiates the mineral deposition. Furthermore, the mineral deposition in dogs with calcinosis cutis was found to be apatite.
On the Poleward Motion of Midlatitude Cyclones in a Baroclinic Meandering Jet
Authors: Oruba Ludivine , Lapeyre Guillaume , Rivière Gwendal 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The motion of surface depressions evolving in a background meandering baroclinic jet is investigated using a two-layer quasigeostrophic model on a beta plane. Synoptic-scale finite-amplitude cyclones are initialized in the lower and upper layer to the south of the jet in a configuration favorable to their baroclinic interaction. The lower-layer cyclone is shown to move across the jet axis from its warm-air to cold-air side. It is the presence of a poleward-oriented barotropic potential vorticity (PV) gradient that makes possible the cross-jet motion through the beta-drift mechanism generalized to a baroclinic atmospheric context.
The potential vorticity gradient associated with the jet is responsible for the dispersion of Rossby waves by the cyclones and the development of an anticyclonic anomaly in the upper layer. This anticyclone forms a PV dipole with the upper-layer cyclone that nonlinearly advects the lower-layer cyclone across the jet.
In addition, the background deformation is shown to modulate the cross-jet advection. Cyclones evolving in a deformation-dominated environment (south of troughs) are strongly stretched while those evolving in a rotation-dominated environment (south of ridges) remain quasi isotropic. It is shown that the more stretched cyclones trigger a more efficient dispersion of energy, create a stronger upper-layer anticyclone, and move perpendicularly to the jet faster than the less stretched ones. Both the intensity and location of the upper-layer anticyclone explain the distinct cross-jet speeds. A statistical study consisting in initializing cyclones at different locations south of the jet core confirms that the cross-jet motion is faster for the more meridionally elongated cyclones evolving in areas of strongest barotropic PV gradient.
“We Have Seen It with Our Own Eyes”: Why We Disagree about Climate Change Visibility
Authors: Rudiak-Gould Peter 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Can the phenomenon called “global climate change” be witnessed firsthand with the naked senses? The question provokes sharply divergent answers from different individuals and ideational communities. Physical scientists and experimental psychologists tend to regard climate change as inherently undetectable to the lay observer, while others, such as anthropologists, indigenous advocates, and environmentally inclined Western citizens, often claim that the phenomenon is not only visible in principle but is indeed already being seen. A third understanding of the visibility of climate change is held by some scholars who portray climate change as invisible at the outset but capable of being made visible via communication tactics such as the miner’s canary. This paper queries the motivations for and consequences of these divergent answers to a deceptively simple question, ultimately suggesting that the dispute between climate change “visibilism” and “invisibilism” is not scientific so much as political, being a proxy war for a larger debate on scientific versus lay knowledge and the role of expertise in democratic society.
Psychiatry in the 2000s: fear, risk and the internet
Authors: Wand Anne 
Published: April 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the experience of psychiatry training in the decade 2000–2010. This period was a time of consolidating previous advances made during the decade of the brain, and one in which world events shaped the focus of policy and clinical care. Terrorist acts and war, and their consequences (people seeking refuge and asylum) contributed to a climate of fear which flowed on to psychiatric practice. Training at this time appeared preoccupied with risk assessment. We became more aware of the complexity of physical health problems in people with mental illness and were taught to prevent and manage them in our patients. During this decade, the internet and mobile technology shaped the way we communicate. For psychiatry, it delivered new ways to enhance mental health literacy, and access to information and on-line therapy and support. Conclusions: Local and world events in the 2000s influenced psychiatric practice and consumer involvement. A focus on risk may have led to more conservative management but also to recognition of the profession’s responsibility for the physical health of their patients. The new decade promises even more use of internet technology, a new education program and opportunities for trainees.
Alkaline decomposition of synthetic jarosite with arsenic
Authors: Patiño Francisco , Flores Mizraim U , Reyes Iván A , Reyes Martín , Hernández Juan , Rivera Isauro , Juárez Julio C 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The widespread use of jarosite-type compounds to eliminate impurities in the hydrometallurgical industry is due to their capability to incorporate several elements into their structures. Some of these elements are of environmental importance (Pb2+, Cr6+, As5+, Cd2+, Hg2+). For the present paper, AsO4
3- was incorporated into the lattice of synthetic jarosite in order to carry out a reactivity study. Alkaline decomposition is characterized by removal of sulfate and potassium ions from the lattice and formation of a gel consisting of iron hydroxides with absorbed arsenate. Decomposition curves show an induction period followed by a conversion period. The induction period is independent of particle size and exponentially decreases with temperature. The conversion period is characterized by formation of a hydroxide halo that surrounds an unreacted jarosite core. During the conversion period in NaOH media for [OH-] > 8 × 10-3 mol L-1, the process showed a reaction order of 1.86, and an apparent activation energy of 60.3 kJ mol-1 was obtained. On the other hand, during the conversion period in Ca(OH)2 media for [OH-] > 1.90 × 10-2 mol L-1, the reaction order was 1.15, and an apparent activation energy of 74.4 kJ mol-1 was obtained. The results are consistent with the spherical particle model with decreasing core and chemical control.