bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection for Drinking in the Dark Alters Brain Gene Coexpression Networks
Authors: Iancu Ovidiu D. , Oberbeck Denesa , Darakjian Priscila , Metten Pamela , McWeeney Shannon , Crabbe John C. , Hitzemann Robert 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundHeterogeneous stock (HS/NPT) mice have been used to create lines selectively bred in replicate for elevated drinking in the dark (DID). Both selected lines routinely reach a blood ethanol (EtOH) concentration (BEC) of 1.00 mg/ml or greater at the end of the 4‐hour period of access in Day 2. The mechanisms through which genetic differences influence DID are currently unclear. Therefore, the current study examines the transcriptome, the first stage at which genetic variability affects neurobiology. Rather than focusing solely on differential expression (DE), we also examine changes in the ways that gene transcripts collectively interact with each other, as revealed by changes in coexpression patterns.MethodsNaïve mice (N = 48/group) were genotyped using the Mouse Universal Genotyping Array, which provided 3,683 informative markers. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis used a marker‐by‐marker strategy with the threshold for a significant logarithm of odds (LOD) set at 10.6. Gene expression in the ventral striatum was measured using the Illumina Mouse 8.2 array. Differential gene expression and the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) were implemented largely as described elsewhere.ResultsSignificant QTLs for elevated BECs after DID were detected on chromosomes 4, 14, and 16; the latter 2 were associated with gene‐poor regions. None of the QTLs overlapped with known QTLs for EtOH preference drinking. Ninety‐four transcripts were detected as being differentially expressed in both selected lines versus HS controls; there was no overlap with known preference genes. The WGCNA revealed 2 modules as showing significant effects of both selections on intramodular connectivity. A number of genes known to be associated with EtOH phenotypes (e.g., Gabrg1, Glra2, Grik1, Npy2r, and Nts) showed significant changes in connectivity.ConclusionsWe found marked and consistent effects of selection on coexpression patterns; DE changes were more modest and less concordant. The QTLs and differentially expressed genes detected here are distinct from the preference phenotype. This is consistent with behavioral data and suggests that the DID and preference phenotypes are markedly different genetically.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Alcohol Dehydrogenase‐1B and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase‐2 and Liver Cirrhosis, Chronic Calcific Pancreatitis, Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypertension Among Japanese Alcoholic Men
Authors: Yokoyama Akira , Mizukami Takeshi , Matsui Toshifumi , Yokoyama Tetsuji , Kimura Mitsuru , Matsushita Sachio , Higuchi Susumu , Maruyama Katsuya 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThe presence of the less‐active form of alcohol dehydrogenase‐1B encoded by ADH1B*1/*1 (vs. *2 allele) and active form of aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) encoded by ALDH2*1/*1 (vs. *2 allele) increases the risk of alcoholism in East Asians.MethodsThe subjects in this cross‐sectional survey were 1,902 Japanese alcoholic men (≥40 years) who underwent ADH1B/ALDH2 genotyping.ResultsAge‐adjusted daily alcohol consumption did not differ according to the ADH1B/ALDH2 genotypes. The age‐adjusted odds ratios (AORs; 95% confidence interval) for liver cirrhosis (LC; n = 359, 1.58 [1.19 to 2.09]), chronic calcific pancreatitis (CP; n = 80, 2.24 [1.20 to 4.20]), and diabetes mellitus (DM; n = 383, 1.51 [1.15 to 1.99]) were higher in the ADH1B*2 allele carriers than in the ADH1B*1/*1 carriers. The AORs for LC (1.43 [1.01 to 2.02]), CP (1.68 [0.80 to 3.53]), DM (1.63 [1.15 to 2.30]), and hypertension (HT; n = 495, 1.52 [1.11 to 2.07]) were higher in the ALDH2*1/*1 carriers than in the ALDH2*1/*2 carriers. The ADH1B*2‐associated AOR for LC was 2.08 (1.46 to 2.94) among those aged 40 to 59 years, but 0.89 (0.56 to 1.43) among those aged 60 years or over, and the interaction between ADH1B genotype and age on the LC risk was significant (p = 0.009). When the group with non‐LC and no/mild fibrosis was used as controls, the ADH1B*2‐associated AORs increased according to the severity of their liver disease: 1.67 (1.32 to 2.11) for the group with non‐LC and serum type IV collagen values ≥200 ng/ml, 1.81 (1.24 to 2.63) for the group of Child‐Pugh class A LC, and 3.17 (1.98 to 5.07) for the group with Child‐Pugh class B/C LC. Anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody was positive in 103 patients, and the groups with a high anti‐HCV antibody titer and either the ADH1B*2/*2 genotype or the ALDH2*1/*1 genotype had the highest AORs (8.83 and 4.90, respectively). The population attributable fraction (PAF) due to the ADH1B*2 allele was 29% for LC, 47% for CP, and 27% for DM, and the PAF due to the ALDH2*1/*1 genotype was 26% for LC, 34% for DM, and 30% for HT.ConclusionsThe ADH1B*2 allele increased the AORs for LC, CP, and DM of the alcoholics, and the ALDH2*1/*1 genotype increased their AORs for LC, DM, and HT. HCV infection and genetic susceptibility had a synergistic effect on the AOR for LC.
Acute Alcohol Produces Ataxia and Cognitive Impairments in Aged Animals: A Comparison Between Young Adult and Aged Rats
Authors: Novier Adelle , Van Skike Candice E. , Diaz‐Granados Jaime L. , Mittleman Guy , Matthews Douglas B. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundAging in both humans and rodents appears to be accompanied by physiological changes that increase biologic sensitivity to ethanol (EtOH) intoxication. However, animal models designed to investigate this increased alcohol sensitivity have yet to be established. For this reason, we sought to determine whether acuteEtOHadministration produces differential effects on motor coordination and spatial cognition in young adult and aged rats.MethodsMale young adult (postnatal day 70 to 72) and aged (~18 months)Sprague‐Dawley rats were assessed on 2 motor tasks (the accelerating rotarod [RR] and the aerial righting reflex [ARR]) and a single cognitive performance task (theMorris water maze [MWM]). Following acuteEtOHexposure via intraperitoneal injection, animals' performance was reassessed.ResultsAged rats showed a dramatic increase inEtOH‐induced ataxia on theRRand theARRrelative to young adult animals. Similarly, results from theMWMrevealed that aged animals had slightly greaterEtOH‐induced impairments compared with young adult animals. Importantly, the increased impairments produced byEtOHwere not due to differential bloodEtOHlevels.ConclusionsWe demonstrate for the first time that aged rats show greaterEtOH‐induced deficits compared with young adults in tasks of motor and cognitive performance. The possible role of protein kinaseCas a mechanism for increased sensitivity to the motor‐impairing effects ofEtOHis discussed. Given the high prevalence of alcohol use among the elderly, increased vulnerability to alcohol‐induced deficits may have a profound effect on injury in this population.
Effects of maternal smokeless tobacco use on selected pregnancy outcomes in Alaska Native women: a case–control study
Authors: England Lucinda J. , Kim Shin Y. , Shapiro‐Mendoza Carrie K. , Wilson Hoyt G. , Kendrick Juliette S. , Satten Glen A. , Lewis Claire A. , Tucker Myra J. , Callaghan William M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the potential effects of prenatal smokeless tobacco use on selected birth outcomes.DesignA population‐based, case–control study using a retrospective medical record review.PopulationSingleton deliveries 1997–2005 to Alaska Native women residing in western Alaska.MethodsHospital discharge codes were used to identify potential case deliveries and a random control sample. Data on tobacco use and confirmation of pregnancy outcomes were abstracted from medical records for 1123 deliveries. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between tobacco use and pregnancy outcomes. Adjusted odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and p‐values were calculated.Main outcomes measuresPreterm delivery, pregnancy‐associated hypertension, and placental abruption.ResultsIn unadjusted analysis, smokeless tobacco use was not significantly associated with preterm delivery (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.97–2.15). After adjustment for parity, pre‐pregnancy body mass index, and maternal age, the point estimate was attenuated and remained non‐significant. No significant associations were observed between smokeless tobacco use and pregnancy‐associated hypertension (adjusted OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.56–1.51) or placental abruption (adjusted OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.53–2.33).ConclusionsPrenatal smokeless tobacco use does not appear to reduce risk of pregnancy‐associated hypertension or to substantially increase risk of abruption. An association between smokeless tobacco and preterm delivery could not be ruled out. Components in tobacco other than nicotine likely play a major role in decreased pre‐eclampsia risk in smokers. Nicotine adversely affects fetal neurodevelopment and our results should not be construed to mean that smokeless tobacco use is safe during pregnancy.
Effect of self‐hypnosis on duration of labor and maternal and neonatal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Werner Anette , Uldbjerg Niels , Zachariae Robert , Nohr Ellen A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effect of a brief course in self‐hypnosis for childbirth on duration of the labor and other birth outcomes.DesignA randomized, controlled, single‐blind trial.SettingAarhus University Hospital Skejby, Denmark.PopulationA total of 1222 healthy nulliparous women.MethodsA hypnosis group receiving three 1‐h lessons in self‐hypnosis with additional audio‐recordings to ease childbirth, a relaxation group receiving three 1‐h lessons in various relaxation methods and mindfulness with audio‐recordings for additional training, and a usual‐care group receiving only the usual antenatal care were compared.Main outcome measuresDuration of labor, birth complications, lactation success, caring for the child, and preferred future mode of delivery.ResultsNo differences were found across the three groups on duration from arriving at the birth department until the expulsive phase of second stage of labor, the duration of the expulsive phase, or other birth outcomes. Fewer emergency and more elective cesarean sections occurred in the hypnosis group. No difference was seen across the groups for lactation success or caring for the child but fewer women in the hypnosis group preferred a cesarean section in future pregnancies because of fear of childbirth and negative birth experiences.ConclusionsLearning self‐hypnosis to ease childbirth taught as a brief course failed to show any effects on duration of childbirth and other birth outcomes.
Beneficial effects of adequate iodine supply on characteristics of thyroid autonomy
Authors: Gaberšček Simona , Bajuk Vid , Zaletel Katja , Pirnat Edvard , Hojker Sergej 
Published: March 2013

SummaryObjectiveOur aim was to establish the characteristics of thyroid autonomy (TA) in Slovenian patients and the required therapeutic dose of radioiodine before and ten years after the increase in mandatory salt iodization from previous 10 mg of potassium iodide to 25 mg per kg in 1999 because almost no data about TA and radioiodine treatment with respect to iodine supply are available.DesignRetrospective clinical study.PatientsWe reviewed records of all patients referred for the first time in 1998 and 2009 to the Thyroid Department at the University Medical Centre Ljubljana which is a tertiary referral centre with a stable catchment area for more than 20 years.MethodsTA was diagnosed by thyroid function, ultrasound, scintigraphy and negative TSH receptor antibodies. Demographic characteristics and the applied dose of radioiodine were evaluated.ResultsIn 1998, significantly more patients presented with TA than in 2009 (383 of 3243, 11·8% and 333 of 4546, 7·3%, respectively, P < 0·001). In 1998, the ratio between hyperthyroid and euthyroid patients was higher than in 2009 (6:1 and 2·1:1, respectively, P < 0·001). In 1998, patients were younger than in 2009 (mean 63·8 ± 13·9 and 66·8 ± 14·9 years, respectively, P < 0·004). Hyperthyroid patients were older than euthyroid in both years (P < 0·001). In 1998, mean applied dose of radioiodine was significantly lower than in 2009 (713 ± 306 and 791 ± 194 MBq, respectively, P = 0·003).ConclusionsIn adequate iodine supply, TA is less frequent, patients are less often hyperthyroid, they are older and cured with higher doses of radioiodine than in mild iodine deficiency.
Integration and Reuse in Cognitive Skill Acquisition
Authors: Salvucci Dario D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPrevious accounts of cognitive skill acquisition have demonstrated how procedural knowledge can be obtained and transformed over time into skilled task performance. This article focuses on a complementary aspect of skill acquisition, namely the integration and reuse of previously known component skills. The article posits that, in addition to mechanisms that proceduralize knowledge into more efficient forms, skill acquisition requires tight integration of newly acquired knowledge and previously learned knowledge. Skill acquisition also benefits from reuse of existing knowledge across disparate task domains, relying on indexicals to reference and share necessary information across knowledge components. To demonstrate these ideas, the article proposes a computational model of skill acquisition from instructions focused on integration and reuse, and applies this model to account for behavior across seven task domains.
The Modulation of Visual and Task Characteristics of a Writing System on Hemispheric Lateralization in Visual Word Recognition—A Computational Exploration
Authors: Hsiao Janet H. , Lam Sze Man 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThrough computational modeling, here we examine whether visual and task characteristics of writing systems alone can account for lateralization differences in visual word recognition between different languages without assuming influence from left hemisphere (LH) lateralized language processes. We apply a hemispheric processing model of face recognition to visual word recognition; the model implements a theory of hemispheric asymmetry in perception that posits low spatial frequency biases in the right hemisphere and high spatial frequency (HSF) biases in the LH. We show two factors that can influence lateralization: (a) Visual similarity among words: The more similar the words in the lexicon look visually, the more HSF/LH processing is required to distinguish them, and (b) Requirement to decompose words into graphemes for grapheme‐phoneme mapping: Alphabetic reading (involving grapheme‐phoneme conversion) requires more HSF/LH processing than logographic reading (no grapheme‐phoneme mapping). These factors may explain the difference in lateralization between English and Chinese orthographic processing.
Safety of lumbar puncture in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis
Authors: Canhão P. , Abreu L. F. , Ferro J. M. , Stam J. , Bousser M. G. , Barinagarrementeria F. , Fukujima M. M. ,   for the ISCVT Investigators
Published: March 2013

Background and purposeLumbar puncture (LP) may precipitate cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), but it is unclear if LP is deleterious in patients with CVT. We aimed to assess the safety of LP in the International Study on Cerebral Veins and Dural Sinus Thrombosis prospective cohort.MethodsIn 624 patients with CVT, we compared the prognosis of patients submitted or not to LP. The primary outcome was ‘death or dependency at 6 months’, as evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS; mRS = 3–6, with adjustment for variables associated with poor prognosis); secondary outcomes were: ‘worsening after admission’; ‘acute death’; and ‘complete recovery at 6 months’ (mRS = 0–1). We analyzed the same outcomes in subgroups of patients with brain lesions on the admission computer tomography/magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsLP was performed in 224 patients (35.9%). There was no difference in frequency of ‘death or dependency at 6 months’ between patients with or without LP [13.4% vs. 14.4%; odds ratio (OR) = 0.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6–1.5; P = 0.739]. LP was not associated with ‘worsening after hospitalization’ [21.5% vs. 23.5%; OR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.6–1.3; P = 0.577], ‘acute death’ [3.6% vs. 3.3%; OR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.5–2.7; P = 0.844] or ‘complete recovery’ [79.9% vs. 76.6%; OR = 1.2, 95% CI 0.8–1.7; P = 0.484]. In the subgroups of patients with brain lesions, the prognoses were not different between patients submitted or not to LP.ConclusionLP was not associated with the functional outcome of patients with CVT, suggesting that LP was not harmful in these patients. These results should not be generalized to patients with large brain lesions and risk of herniation where LP is contraindicated.
Assessing the influence of physical, geochemical and biological factors on anaerobic microbial primary productivity within hydrothermal vent chimneys
Authors: Olins H. C. , Rogers D. R. , Frank K. L. , Vidoudez C. , Girguis P. R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractChemosynthetic primary production supports hydrothermal vent ecosystems, but the extent of that productivity and its governing factors have not been well constrained. To better understand anaerobic primary production within massive vent deposits, we conducted a series of incubations at 4, 25, 50 and 90 °C using aggregates recovered from hydrothermal vent structures. We documented in situ geochemistry, measured autochthonous organic carbon stable isotope ratios and assessed microbial community composition and functional gene abundances in three hydrothermal vent chimney structures from Middle Valley on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Carbon fixation rates were greatest at lower temperatures and were comparable among chimneys. Stable isotope ratios of autochthonous organic carbon were consistent with the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle being the predominant mode of carbon fixation for all three chimneys. Chimneys exhibited marked differences in vent fluid geochemistry and microbial community composition, with structures being differentially dominated by gamma (γ) or epsilon (ε) proteobacteria. Similarly, qPCR analyses of functional genes representing different carbon fixation pathways showed striking differences in gene abundance among chimney structures. Carbon fixation rates showed no obvious correlation with observed in situ vent fluid geochemistry, community composition or functional gene abundance. Together, these data reveal that (i) net anaerobic carbon fixation rates among these chimneys are elevated at lower temperatures, (ii) clear differences in community composition and gene abundance exist among chimney structures, and (iii) tremendous spatial heterogeneity within these environments likely confounds efforts to relate the observed rates to in situ microbial and geochemical factors. We also posit that microbes typically thought to be mesophiles are likely active and growing at cooler temperatures, and that their activity at these temperatures comprises the majority of endolithic anaerobic primary production in hydrothermal vent chimneys.
The treatment of a maxillary lateral incisor with unusual morphology with long‐term follow‐up
Authors: De Rossi A. , Carvalho F. K. , Queiróz A. M. , Silva R. A. B. , Nelson‐Filho P. , Silva L. A. B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo report the treatment of an unusual combination of one dens evaginatus and two dens invaginatus in a single tooth and its healing outcome after 10 years.SummaryThe long‐term outcome of a maxillary lateral incisor with dens evaginatus combined with two Oehlers type II dens invaginatus and a large periradicular lesion in an 11‐year‐old female treated endodontically and restoratively is described. The endodontic treatment included intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide and canal filling using a thermoplastic root canal filling technique. The crown was restored with conventional composite resin. During periodic clinical and radiographic follow‐up, the patient remained symptom free, and the periradicular region was completely healed, meeting both aesthetic and functional expectations after 10 years.Key learning points

The co‐occurrence of dens evaginatus and two dens invaginatus in the same tooth is an unusual finding that compromises aesthetics and predisposes the patient to dental pulp infection.

The complex morphology observed in this case represented both endodontic and restorative challenges.
I thought we were good: social cognition, figurative language, and adolescent psychopathology
Authors: Im‐Bolter Nancie , Cohen Nancy J. , Farnia Fataneh 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundLanguage has been shown to play a critical role in social cognitive reasoning in preschool and school‐aged children, but little research has been conducted with adolescents. During adolescence, the ability to understand figurative language becomes increasingly important for social relationships and may affect social adjustment. This study investigated the contribution of structural and figurative language to social cognitive skills in adolescents who present for mental health services and those who do not.MethodOne hundred and thirty‐eight adolescents referred to mental health centers (clinic group) and 186 nonreferred adolescents (nonclinic group) aged 12–17 were administered measures of structural and figurative language, working memory, and social cognitive problem solving.ResultsWe found that adolescents in the clinic group demonstrated less mature social problem solving overall, but particularly with respect to anticipating and overcoming potential obstacles and conflict resolution compared with the nonclinic group. In addition, results demonstrated that age, working memory, and structural and figurative language predicted social cognitive maturity in the clinic group, but only structural language was a predictor in the nonclinic group.ConclusionsSocial problem solving may be particularly difficult for adolescents referred for mental health services and places higher demands on their cognitive and language skills compared with adolescents who have never been referred for mental health services.
The sleeper effect of intimate partner violence exposure: long‐term consequences on young children's aggressive behavior
Authors: Holmes Megan R. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundChildren who have been exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) experience a wide variety of short‐term social adjustment and emotional difficulties, including externalizing behavioral problems such as aggression. While children are affected by IPV at all ages, little is known about the long‐term consequences of IPV exposure at younger ages. Because early experiences provide the foundation for later development, children exposed to IPV as an infant or toddler may experience worse negative outcomes over time than children never exposed.MethodsUsing the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well‐Being (NSCAW), latent growth curve modeling was conducted to examine whether early IPV exposure occurring between birth and age three (n = 107), compared with no exposure (n = 339), affects the development of aggressive behavior over 5 years. This modeling allowed for empirical exploration of developmental trajectories, and considered whether initial social development trajectories and change over time vary according to early IPV exposure.ResultsChildren who were exposed to more frequent early IPV did not have significantly different aggressive behavior problems initially than children who were never exposed. However, over time, the more frequently children were exposed between birth and 3 years, the more aggressive behavior problems were exhibited by age eight.ConclusionsResults indicate a long‐term negative behavioral effect on children who have been exposed to IPV at an early age. An initial assessment directly following exposure to IPV may not be able to identify behavior problems in young children. Because the negative effects of early IPV exposure are delayed until the child is of school age, early intervention is necessary for reducing the risk of later aggressive behavior.