bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain levels associated with ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy for neck masses
Authors: Lo Wu‐Chia , Cheng Po‐Wen , Wang Chi‐Te , Yeh Shu‐Tin , Liao Li‐Jen 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the pain levels associated with ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of neck masses.MethodsThe pain immediately and 5 minutes after the procedure without use of local anesthesia was evaluated via 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS), 11‐point numeric rating scale (NRS), and 4‐category verbal rating scale (VRS) in 154 patients.ResultsThe mean scores (SDs) for VAS, NRS, and VRS immediately versus 5 minutes after the procedure were 30.5 (24.4) versus 7.3 (13.7), 3.3 (2.2) versus 0.8 (1.6), and 1.3 (0.6) versus 0.3 (0.6), respectively (all ps < .001). Immediately after ultrasound‐guided FNAB, the pain scores associated with lymph node aspiration (VAS, 36.7 [25.5]; NRS, 3.9 [2.1]) were significantly higher (both ps < .05) than those associated with thyroid nodule aspiration (VAS, 25.0 [21.2]; NRS, 2.8 [2.0]).ConclusionUltrasound‐guided FNAB of thyroid nodules was less painful than that of cervical lymphadenopathy. Most patients tolerated mild transient pain after the procedure without use of local anesthesia. Nevertheless, local anesthesia was necessary for the small subgroup of patients who experienced significant pain. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 252–256, 2014
Telomerase‐specific oncolytic adenovirus: Antitumor effects on radiation‐resistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Takahashi Hideaki , Hyakusoku Hiroshi , Horii Chihiro , Takahashi Masahiro , Nishimura Goshi , Taguchi Takahide , Kondo Norio , Sakakibara Atsuko , Urata Yasuo , Sano Daisuke 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundRadioresistance remains a critical issue in the use of radiotherapy for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study evaluated the efficacy of combination treatment with OBP‐301, a telomerase‐specific replication‐selective adenovirus, and radiotherapy in overcoming radioresistance by examining its effect on radiation‐resistant HNSCC cells.MethodsRadiation‐resistant HNSCC cells were treated with OBP‐301 and radiation in vitro and in an orthotopic nude mouse model in vivo and synergism was assessed. Apoptosis and expression of MRN complex, which plays a key role in DNA repair machinery, were also analyzed.ResultsInfection with OBP‐301 was found to enhance the antitumor efficacy of radiation both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting MRN complex expression and increasing apoptosis induction.ConclusionCombined OBP‐301 and radiation therapy seems to overcome radioresistance in HNSCC cells by inhibiting DNA repair machinery, and may thus be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating HNSCC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 411–418, 2014
Src inhibitors in suppression of papillary thyroid carcinoma growth
Authors: Henderson Ying C. , Toro–Serra Rafael , Chen Yunyun , Ryu Junsun , Frederick Mitchell J. , Zhou Ge , Gallick Gary E. , Lai Stephen Y. , Clayman Gary L. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundPapillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common thyroid malignancy. Most papillary thyroid carcinomas contain BRAF mutations or RET/PTC rearrangements, thus providing targets for biologic therapy. Our previous studies had suggested papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) with a BRAF mutation and the RET/PTC1 rearrangement have different sensitivities to MEK1/2 inhibitors, suggesting different signaling transduction pathways were involved.MethodsSrc signaling transduction pathway in PTC cells was examined using Src inhibitors (PP2, SU6656, or dasatinib) and si‐Src RNA in vitro by Western blot analysis and proliferation analysis. An orthotopic xenograft mouse model was used for the in vivo studies using dasatinib.ResultsIn PTC cells, Src inhibitors suppressed p‐Src and p‐FAK and inhibited cell growth. In addition, significant suppression and extension of the p‐ERK1/2 dephosphorylation were detected in RET/PTC1‐rearranged cells in combination with an MEK inhibitor (CI‐1040). The Src family kinase/ABL inhibitor, dasatinib, significantly decreased tumor volume in mice inoculated with PTC cells carrying the RET/PTC1 rearrangement. In BRAF‐mutated PTC cells, Src inhibitors effectively suppressed p‐Src expression and dasatinib significantly decreased tumor volume with twice daily treatment.ConclusionSrc inhibitors effectively inhibited the Src signaling transduction pathway in PTC cells in vitro and dasatinib suppressed tumor growth in vivo. These results suggested that Src signaling transduction pathway plays an important role in regulating growth in PTC cells. Combination of Src and MEK1/2 inhibitors extended the dephosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 in PTCs carrying the RET/PTC1 rearrangement suggesting that combination therapy with complementary inhibitors of other signaling transduction pathways may be needed to effectively suppress growth and induce apoptosis in these cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 375–384, 2014
Intensity‐modulated versus conventional radiation therapy for oropharyngeal carcinoma: Long‐term dysphagia and tumor control outcomes
Authors: McBride Sean M. , Parambi Ron J. , Jang Joanne W. , Goldsmith Tessa , Busse Paul M. , Chan Annie W. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the relative clinical benefits of intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) versus conventional radiotherapy (CRT) in the treatment of patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma.MethodsWe compared tumor control and toxicity outcomes in 132 patients with stage III to IVA/B oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with definitive chemoradiation in the human papillomavirus (HPV) era.ResultsPatients treated with IMRT had lower rates of xerostomia (p = .01) and shorter duration of gastrostomy‐tube dependence (p < .0001), but increased risk of cervical esophageal stricture (p = .03). The overall rates of late dysphagia were not different between the 2 groups (p = .40). In multivariate analysis, IMRT was a significant predictor of decreased disease‐specific mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.24; p = .03) after adjustment for T‐category and active smoking. After adjustment for T classification, IMRT use was associated with a trend toward a significant decrease in locoregional failure (HR = 0.17; p = .08).ConclusionThe incidence of late dysphagia is similar in IMRT and CRT, but the mechanism of dysphagia is different. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 492–498, 2014
Regeneration of facial nerve defects with xenogeneic acellular nerve grafts in a rat model
Authors: Zhu Guochen , Lou Weihua 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundBecause of ease of harvest and low immunogenicity, xenogeneic acellular nerve graft (XANG) may be an alternative to autologous nerve to repair facial nerve defects.MethodsFacial nerve defects of Wistar rats were repaired by XANG, and nerve gap regeneration was investigated by electrophysiological test, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing and histomorphometric analysis, as compared to autograft.ResultsTwenty weeks after the grafting, electrophysiology showed that whisker pad muscles responded to the electrical stimuli given at the site proximal to the transplantation in 2 groups. Some HRP‐labeled facial motorneurons were located on the facial nucleus of the operated side, and an abundance of myelinated axons were found at the middle of the grafts and obvious motor endplates in the target muscles in 2 groups, although they were inferior to the contralateral side in numbers.ConclusionXANG represents an alternative approach for the reconstruction of peripheral facial nerve defects. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 481–486, 2014
Ductal variation of the sublingual gland: A predisposing factor for ranula formation
Authors: Mun Sue Jean , Choi Hyo Geun , Kim Heejin , Park Joo Hyun , Jung Young Ho , Sung Myung‐Whun , Kim Kwang Hyun 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate ranula development according to anatomic variation of the sublingual gland (SLG).MethodsWe conducted a prospective, consecutive case series considering other clinical conditions. Twenty‐five cases treated by SLG excision were enrolled in this study. The ductal structures of the SLGs of another 11 patients undergoing similar surgeries for other conditions were compared.ResultsIn 19 of a total of 25 ranulas (76.0%) and 16 of 18 oral nonplunging ranulas (88.9%), the SLG showed an anatomic variation of the main duct called Bartholin's duct structure. Meanwhile, only 3 of 7 plunging ranulas (42.9%) had Bartholin's ducts. Bartholin's duct structure of the SLG was not found in the 11 control cases.ConclusionAnatomic variation of the ductal system of the SLG might be a possible cause of ranulas. Surgical resection of the SLG is a better treatment choice for ranulas than other, more conservative treatments. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 540–544, 2014
Autoimmune thyroiditis in benign and malignant thyroid nodules: 16‐year results
Authors: Giagourta Irene , Evangelopoulou Catherine , Papaioannou Garyfallia , Kassi Georgia , Zapanti Evangelia , Prokopiou Maria , Papapostolou Konstantinos , Karga Helen 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundIt is controversial whether autoimmune thyroiditis is associated with higher frequency of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, retrospective study. PTCs were compared to benign nodules regarding the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis over 16 years.ResultsA similar proportion of autoimmune thyroiditis was observed in both benign and/or malignant nodules. Mean nodule size in cases with autoimmune thyroiditis was smaller than those without autoimmune thyroiditis. Multivariate analysis showed a negative association between the coexistence of autoimmune thyroiditis and lymph node and/or distant metastases. Lymph nodes involvement and distant metastases were lower in the PTC with autoimmune thyroiditis compared to those without autoimmune thyroiditis. Capsular invasion was a strong predictor for distant metastases attenuated by the presence of autoimmune thyroiditis.ConclusionThyroid nodules with autoimmune thyroiditis are not more likely to be malignant than those without autoimmune thyroiditis. The coexistent autoimmune thyroiditis may be beneficial as a decreased incidence of lymph nodes involvement and distant metastasis was seen in those patients. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 531–535, 2014
Complexity‐reduction modelling for assessing the macro‐scale patterns of historical soil moisture in the Euro‐Mediterranean region
Authors: Diodato Nazzareno , Brocca Luca , Bellocchi Gianni , Fiorillo Francesco , Guadagno Francesco Maria 
Published: June 2013

AbstractComplexity‐reduction modelling can be useful for increasing the understanding of how the climate affects basin soil moisture response upon historical times not covered by detailed hydrological data. For this purpose, here is presented and assessed an empirical regression‐based model, the European Soil Moisture Empirical Downscaling (ESMED), in which different climatic variables, easily available on the web, are addressed for simplifying the inherent complexity in the long‐time studies. To accommodate this simplification, the Palmer Drought Severity Index, the precipitation, the elevation and the geographical location were used as input data in the ESMED model for predicting annual soil moisture budget. The test area was a large region including central Europe and Mediterranean countries, and the spatial resolution was initially set at 50 km. ESMED model calibration was made according to the soil moisture values retrieved from the Terrestrial Water Budget Data archive by selecting randomly 285 grid points (out of 2606). Once parameterized, ESMED model was performed at validation stage both spatially and temporally. The spatial validation was made for the grid points not selected in the calibration stage while the comparison with the soil moisture outputs of the Global Land Data Assimilation System–NOAH10 simulations upon the period 1950–2010 was carried out for the temporal validation. Moreover, ESMED results were found to be in good agreement with a root‐zone soil moisture product obtained from active and passive microwave sensors from various satellite missions. ESMED model was thus found to be reliable for both the temporal and spatial validations and, hence, it might represent a useful tool to characterize the long‐term dynamics of soil moisture–weather interaction. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pore space relevant for gas permeability in Opalinus clay: Statistical analysis of homogeneity, percolation, and representative volume element
Authors: Keller Lukas M. , Holzer Lorenz , Schuetz Philipp , Gasser Philippe 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLocal porosity theory in combination with percolation theory was applied to shale microstructures that were reconstructed on the basis of focused ion beam nanotomography and scanning transmission electron microscopy. This allowed characterizing pore microstructures in Opalinus clay with length scales on the order of tens of microns. In a sample from the sandy facies (with low clay content), the fraction of “larger” pores ϕ(radii~ > 15 nm) = 0.076 is substantially higher than that in the shaley facies (with a higher clay content), where ϕ(radii~ > 15 nm) = 0.015. The resolved porosity possesses a certain degree of homogeneity, and the representative volume element (RVE) of porosity can be determined in terms of a given relative error on porosity. For example, if we accept a relative error of 10%, the RVE is on the scale of a few hundreds of microns. Both pore microstructures from sandy and shaley facies show anisotropic characteristics with respect to connectivity and percolation threshold. Using finite scaling, we found percolation thresholds with critical porosities ϕc,b = 0.04–0.12 parallel to bedding and ϕc,perp = 0.11–0.19 perpendicular to bedding. The resolved porosity of the sandy facies (low clay content) is close to the percolation threshold, whereas the porosity of the shaley facies (high clay content) is below the percolation threshold. The porosity in carbonate layers is around ϕ = 0.027, and the pore size is substantially larger when compared to the pores in the clay matrix. In the analyzed sample, pores in carbonate layers are poorly connected.
Spatially variable fault friction derived from dynamic modeling of aseismic afterslip due to the 2004 Parkfield earthquake
Authors: Chang Shu‐Hao , Avouac Jean‐Philippe , Barbot Sylvain , Lee Jian‐Cheng 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe investigate fault friction from dynamic modeling of fault slip prior to and following the Mw 6.0 earthquake which ruptured the Parkfield segment of the San Andreas Fault in 2004. The dynamic modeling assumes a purely rate‐strengthening friction law, with a logarithmic dependency on sliding rate: . The initial state of stress is explicitly taken into account, and afterslip is triggered by the stress change induced by the earthquake source model given a priori. We consider different initial stress states and two coseismic models, and invert for the other model parameters using a nonlinear inversion scheme. The model parameters include the reference friction μ*, the friction rate dependency characterized by the quantity a‐b, assumed to be either uniform or depth dependent. The model parameters are determined from fitting the transient postseismic geodetic signal measured at continuous GPS stations. Our study provides a view of frictional properties at the kilometers scale over the 0–15 km depth illuminated by the coseismic stress change induced by the Parkfield earthquake. The reference friction is estimated to be between 0.1 and 0.5. With independent a priori constraints on the amplitude of differential stress, the range of possible values narrows down to 0.1–0.17. The friction rate coefficient a‐b is estimated to be ∼ 10− 3 − 10− 2 with a hint that it increases upward from about 1–3 × 10–3 at 3–7 km depth to about 4–7 × 10–3 at 0–1 km depth. It is remarkable that our results are consistent with frictional properties measured on rock samples recovered from the fault zone thanks to the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth experiment.
The common occurrence of highly supercooled drizzle and rain near the coastal regions of the western United States
Authors: Rosenfeld Daniel , Chemke Rei , DeMott Paul , Sullivan Ryan C. , Rasmussen Roy , McDonough Frank , Comstock Jennifer , Schmid Beat , Tomlinson Jason , Jonsson Haflidi , Suski Kaitlyn , Cazorla Alberto , Prather Kimberly 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHighly supercooled rain and drizzle from cloud tops at −12 to −21°C down to the 0° isotherm was documented by aircraft observations in clouds over a wide range of meteorological situations under relatively pristine marine aerosol conditions. The Gulfstream‐1 aircraft during the CalWater campaign in February and early March 2011 measured clouds over the coastal waters of northern California, orographically triggered convective clouds over the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, and orographic layer clouds over Yosemite National Park. Supercooled drizzle in layer clouds near Juneau, Alaska, was measured by the Wyoming King Air as part of a FAA project to study aircraft icing in this region. Low concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) were commonly observed in all of these clouds, allowing for the formation of clouds with small concentrations of mostly large drops that coalesced into supercooled drizzle and raindrops. Another common observation was the absence of ice nuclei (IN) and/or ice crystals in measurable concentrations, associated with persistent supercooled drizzle and rain. Average ice crystal concentrations were 0.007 l−1 at the top of convective clouds at −12°C and 0.03 l−1 in the case of layer clouds at −21°C. In combination, these two conditions of low concentrations of CCN and very few IN provide ideal conditions for the formation of highly supercooled drizzle and rain. These results help explain the anomalously high incidences of aircraft icing at cold temperatures in U.S. west coast clouds and highlight the need to include aerosol effects when simulating aircraft icing with cloud models.
Repetitive differential finger motion increases shear strain between the flexor tendon and subsynovial connective tissue
Authors: Tat Jimmy , Kociolek Aaron M. , Keir Peter J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTNon‐inflammatory fibrosis and thickening of the subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) are characteristic in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients. These pathological changes have been linked to repetitive hand tasks that create shear forces between the flexor tendons and SSCT. We measured the relative motion of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon and SSCT during two repetitive finger tasks using color Doppler ultrasound. Twelve participants performed flexion−extension cycles for 30 min with the long finger alone (differential movement) and with all four fingers together (concurrent movement). Shear strain index (SSI, a relative measure of excursion in flexion and extension) and maximum velocity ratio (MVR, the ratio of SSCT versus tendon during flexion and extension) were used to represent shear. A linear effect of exertion time was significant and corresponded with larger tendon shear in differential motion. The flexion SSI increased 20.4% from the first to the 30th minute, while MVR decreased 8.9% in flexion and 8.7% in extension. No significant changes were found during concurrent motion. These results suggest that exposure to repetitive differential finger tasks may increase the risk of shear injury in the carpal tunnel. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1533–1539, 2013.
The calculation of the distance to a nearby defective matrix
Authors: Akinola R. O. , Freitag M. A. , Spence A. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThe distance of a matrix to a nearby defective matrix is an important classical problem in numerical linear algebra, as it determines how sensitive or ill‐conditioned an eigenvalue decomposition of a matrix is. The concept has been discussed throughout the history of numerical linear algebra, and the problem of computing the nearest defective matrix first appeared in Wilkinsons famous book on the algebraic eigenvalue problem. In this paper, a new fast algorithm for the computation of the distance of a matrix to a nearby defective matrix is presented. The problem is formulated following Alam and Bora introduced in (2005) and reduces to finding when a parameter‐dependent matrix is singular subject to a constraint. The solution is achieved by an extension of the implicit determinant method introduced by Spence and Poulton in (2005). Numerical results for several examples illustrate the performance of the algorithm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliability of long-term monitoring data
Authors: Anderegg Peter , Brönnimann Rolf , Meier Urs 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Increasing loads, aging, new construction materials like CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymers) and also cost pressure are influences for fitness of traffic infrastructures, especially bridges. Prolonged health monitoring can be a means to compete with these challenges. The lifetime of infrastructure can reach 100 years, while that of sensors is typically much shorter. Therefore, sensors need to be long-term qualified and might have to be replaced by new sensors or even another sensor system during the life cycle of a structure. A reliable system for data acquisition and data analysis will be essential: Do the measurement data really relate to the monitored infrastructure and are not an effect of the degradation of the sensing system? We discuss measurement uncertainty and reliability of data obtained by different sensor types, including resistance strain gages, fiber optical sensors and other sensors systems which are in service up to 17 years.
Leveraging Metabolomics to Assess the Next Generation of Temozolomide-Based Therapeutic Approaches for Glioblastomas
Authors: St-Coeur Patrick-Denis , Touaibia Mohamed , Cuperlovic-Culf Miroslava , Morin Pier Jr 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common adult primary tumor of the central nervous system. The current standard of care for glioblastoma patients involves a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide. Several mechanisms underlying the inherent and acquired temozolomide resistance have been identified and contribute to treatment failure. Early identification of temozolomide-resistant GBM patients and improvement of the therapeutic strategies available to treat this malignancy are of uttermost importance. This review initially looks at the molecular pathways underlying GBM formation and development with a particular emphasis placed on recent therapeutic advances made in the field. Our focus will next be directed toward the molecular mechanisms modulating temozolomide resistance in GBM patients and the strategies envisioned to circumvent this resistance. Finally, we highlight the diagnostic and prognostic value of metabolomics in cancers and assess its potential usefulness in improving the current standard of care for GBM patients.