bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity in men's marijuana use in the 20s: Adolescent antecedents and consequences in the 30s
Authors: Washburn Isaac J. , Capaldi Deborah M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAdolescent psychopathology is commonly connected to marijuana use. How changes in these adolescent antecedents and in adolescent marijuana use are connected to patterns of marijuana use in the 20s is little understood. Another issue not clearly understood is psychopathology in the 30s as predicted by marijuana use in the 20s. This study sought to examine these two issues and the associations with marijuana disorder diagnoses using a longitudinal data set of 205 men with essentially annual reports. Individual psychopathology and family characteristics from the men's adolescence were used to predict their patterns of marijuana use across their 20s, and aspects of the men's psychopathology in their mid-30s were predicted from these patterns. Three patterns of marijuana use in the 20s were identified using growth mixture modeling and were associated with diagnoses of marijuana disorders at age 26 years. Parental marijuana use predicted chronic use for the men in adulthood. Patterns of marijuana use in the 20s predicted antisocial behavior and deviant peer association at age 36 years (controlling for adolescent levels of the outcomes by residualization). These findings indicate that differential patterns of marijuana use in early adulthood are associated with psychopathology toward midlife.
Cascading effects of interparental conflict in adolescence: Linking threat appraisals, self-efficacy, and adjustment
Authors: Fosco Gregory M. , Feinberg Mark E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study examined the longitudinal implications of adolescents' exposure to interparental conflict for their developmental success. In the proposed developmental cascade model, adolescents' perceptions of parental conflict as threatening is a risk factor for diminished self-efficacy, which would account for diminished adjustment. This study presents longitudinal data for 768 sixth-grade students and their families over four time points, ending in eighth grade. Analyses were conducted in three steps. First, replication of longitudinal support for threat as a mediator of the link between interparental conflict and emotional distress was found; however, findings did not support threat as a mediator of behavior problems or subjective well-being. Second, threat was found to mediate the longitudinal association between interparental conflict and self-efficacy. Third, a developmental cascade model supported a risk process in which interparental conflict was related to adolescents' threat appraisals, which undermined self-efficacy beliefs, and was then linked with emotional distress, behavior problems, and subjective well-being.
Analysis of the Binary Asymmetric Joint Sparse Form
Authors: HEUBERGER CLEMENS , KROPF SARA 
Published: July 2014

We consider redundant binary joint digital expansions of integer vectors. The redundancy is used to minimize the Hamming weight,i.e., the number of non-zero digit vectors. This leads to efficient linear combination algorithms in abelian groups, which are used in elliptic curve cryptography, for instance.If the digit set is a set of contiguous integers containing zero, a special syntactical condition is known to minimize the weight. We analyse the optimal weight of all non-negative integer vectors with maximum entry less thanN. The expectation and the variance are given with a main term and a periodic fluctuation in the second-order term. Finally, we prove asymptotic normality.
Family sociodemographic characteristics as correlates of children’s breakfast habits and weight status in eight European countries. The ENERGY (EuropeaN Energy balance Research to prevent excessive weight Gain among Youth) project
Authors: Manios Yannis , Moschonis George , Androutsos Odysseas , Filippou Christina , Van Lippevelde Wendy , Vik Froydis N , te Velde Saskia J , Jan Natasha , Dössegger Alain , Bere Elling , Molnar Denes , Moreno Luis A , Chinapaw Mai JM , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Brug Johannes 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the associations of family sociodemographic characteristics with children’s weight status and whether these potential associations are mediated by children’s breakfast habits.DesignA school-based survey among 10–12-year-old children was conducted in eight European countries. Children’s weight and height were measured and breakfast habits and family sociodemographic characteristics were self-reported by 5444 children and their parents. International Obesity Task Force cut-off points were used to categorize children as overweight/obese or normal weight. Mediation analyses were used to test the potential mediating effect of children’s breakfast consumption on the associations between family sociodemographic characteristics and children’s overweight/obesity.SettingSchools in eight European countries participating in the ENERGY (EuropeaN Energy balance Research to prevent excessive weight Gain among Youth) project.SubjectsChildren aged 10–12 years and their parents (n 5444).ResultsChildren’s reported daily breakfast consumption varied from 56 % in Slovenia to 92 % in Spain on weekdays and from 79 % in Greece to 93 % in Norway on weekends. Children of native parents, with both parents employed and with at least one parent having more than 14 years of education were more likely to consume breakfast daily and less likely to be overweight/obese. Finally, mediation analyses revealed that the association of parental nationality and parental educational status with children’s overweight/obesity was partially mediated by children’s daily breakfast consumption.ConclusionsThe study shows that the lower likelihood of being overweight/obese among 10–12-year-old children of native background and higher parental educational status was partially mediated by children’s daily breakfast consumption.
Resource needs for a socially just and sustainable urban agriculture system: Lessons from New York City
Authors: Cohen Nevin , Reynolds Kristin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMany urban agriculture programs, and the organizations that run them, require substantial resources to remain viable and provide the multifunctional benefits that practitioners and supporters hope to achieve. As urban agriculture activity expands, practitioners and supporters face significant challenges, including how to match resources to the needs of practitioners and expectations of municipalities, and how to distribute those resources effectively and equitably so that communities, and the city as a whole, capture the benefits of these projects. This is particularly important as cities face increasing pressure to reduce costs and maximize the return on public expenditures. A 2-year study called Five Borough Farm documented the goals and objectives of urban agriculture projects in New York City and the resources for their success. The data showed that resource needs go beyond the material and financial needs discussed in the urban agriculture literature (e.g., land, soil, money). Interviews documented that urban agriculture projects have broader goals than merely producing food, and that attaining these goals (e.g., environmental improvements, community development, social justice) requires the support of government and networks of practitioners, non-profit organizations and philanthropies. Moreover, interviewee comments suggested that significant disparities in access to resources make the urban agriculture system in New York unequal and constrain the efforts of some farms and gardens. This paper, based on the Five Borough Farm research, examines the resource needs of urban agriculture operations in terms of farm and garden viability and equity among practitioners. It describes the goals, expectations and resource needs of New York City urban agriculture from the perspectives of farmers and gardeners, and from the views of city officials, funders and supporting non-profits. It discusses the need for attention to the political and social structures that create disparity and precariousness to ensure a sustainable and just urban agricultural system, in addition to the financial and technical assistance resources that enable farmers and gardeners to produce food. The paper concludes with recommended strategies to align resource needs and urban agriculture goals and expectations in New York and other cities.
Employment and educational outcomes in early intervention programmes for early psychosis: a systematic review
Authors: Bond G. R. , Drake R. E. , Luciano A. 
Published: July 2014

Aims.Young adults with early psychosis want to pursue normal roles – education and employment. This paper summarises the empirical literature on the effectiveness of early intervention programmes for employment and education outcomes.Methods.We conducted a systematic review of employment/education outcomes for early intervention programmes, distinguishing three programme types: (1) those providing supported employment, (2) those providing unspecified vocational services and (3) those without vocational services. We summarised findings for 28 studies.Results.Eleven studies evaluated early intervention programmes providing supported employment. In eight studies that reported employment outcomes separately from education outcomes, the employment rate during follow-up for supported employment patients was 49%, compared with 29% for patients receiving usual services. The two groups did not differ on enrolment in education. In four controlled studies, meta-analysis showed that the employment rate for supported employment participants was significantly higher than for control participants, odds ratio = 3.66 [1.93–6.93],p < 0.0001. Five studies (four descriptive and one quasi-experimental) of early intervention programmes evaluating unspecified vocational services were inconclusive. Twelve studies of early intervention programmes without vocational services were methodologically heterogeneous, using diverse methods for evaluating vocational/educational outcomes and precluding a satisfactory meta-analytic synthesis. Among studies with comparison groups, 7 of 11 (64%) reported significant vocational/education outcomes favouring early intervention over usual services.Conclusions.In early intervention programmes, supported employment moderately increases employment rates but not rates of enrolment in education. These improvements are in addition to the modest effects early programmes alone have on vocational/educational outcomes compared with usual services.
Modelling and analysis of phase modulator based on silicon microring for long‐haul transmission
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Wang Pengjun , Yang Jianyi 
Published: July 2014

In this study, the authors numerically analyse the electrical and the optical properties of a silicon microring phase modulator using reverse‐biased pn junction configuration. The performance of the device is examined in terms of frequency chirp, switching time and intensity dip. They also evaluate the data transmission performance by varying the propagation distances at a bit rate of 10 Gbit/s. The simulation results show that the generated differential‐phase‐shift‐keying data at a drive signal with rise and fall times of 10 ps can achieve error‐free transmission for propagation distances up to 55.6 km, whereas the one at a drive signal with rise and fall times of 50 ps needs a 4.13 dB power penalty in a 17.5 km fibre transmission without dispersion compensation.
Self‐reported participation and beliefs about bowel cancer screening in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Varlow Megan , Stacey Ingrid , Dunlop Sally , Young Jane , Kite James , Dessaix Anita , McAulay Claire 
Published: July 2014

Issue addressedTo describe self‐reported bowel cancer screening participation, beliefs and attitudes in a sample of New South Wales (NSW) adults, and to identify beliefs and demographic factors associated with self‐reported bowel cancer screening participation.MethodsThis study used data from the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership Module 2, a representative populationbased telephone survey. Self‐reported participation in and beliefs about bowel cancer screening were measured using the Awareness and Beliefs about Cancer survey of people aged 50 years and over living in NSW, Australia (n = 2001). Logistic regression modelling was used to identify explanatory variables associated with bowel cancer screening participation.ResultsHalf of all women (54.1%, 95% CI: 50.8–57.4%) and two‐thirds of men (65.7%, 95% CI: 61.5–69.9%) reported screening for bowel cancer within the previous 5 years. Believing that screening was only necessary when experiencing symptoms was more likely to be endorsed by people aged 65 years and over (25.5%, 95% CI: 22.2–28.7%) rather than younger (50–64 years; 16.7%, 95% CI: 13.8–19.7%), non‐English‐speaking migrants (35.4%, 95% CI: 26.7–44.1%) versus others (18.6%, 95% CI: 16.4–20.7%), and people in metropolitan (23.3%, 95% CI: 20.4–26.1%) versus non‐metropolitan areas (16.4%, 95% CI: 12.8–20%). People who disagreed that screening was only necessary when experiencing symptoms were four times more likely to report screening participation (OR 3.96, 95% CI: 3.11–5.03).ConclusionsCommunity education about bowel cancer screening is needed to correct misperceptions regarding screening in the absence of symptoms. Tailored strategies for older, migrant and urban communities may be beneficial.So what?Education strategies that promote the need for screening in the absence of symptoms and correct misconceptions about bowel cancer screening amongst subgroups of the NSW population may improve screening rates and decrease the burden of bowel cancer in NSW.
Does recreational catch impact the TAC for commercial
fisheries?
Authors: Eero Margit , Strehlow Harry V. , Adams Charles M. , Vinther Morten 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The western Baltic cod is one of the first fish stocks in Europe that, since 2013, includes recreational catches in stock assessment and fisheries management advice. In this paper, we investigate the sensitivity of the calculated commercial total allowable catch (TAC) to including recreational catches in stock assessment. Our results show that the most crucial aspect in terms of the impact on commercial TAC is the assumption on recreational catch dynamics relative to that of commercial fisheries used in forecast. The results were less sensitive to the information on the historical amount and age structure of recreational catch. Our study is intended to inform potential debates related to resource allocation between the commercial and recreational sectors and contribute to developing a general framework for incorporating recreational catches in fisheries management advice in ICES.
SU‐E‐T‐333: Towards Customizable Radiotherapy Enhancement (CuRE) for Prostate Cancer Using Cisplatin Nanoparticles
Authors: Sinha N , Cifter G , Sajo E , Ngwa W 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:Replacing routinely used brachytherapy spacers with multifunctional ones loaded with cisplatin nanoparticles (CNP), which can be released into the tumor after implantation, could enable customizable radiation boosting to the prostate tumor in addition to chemotherapy effect. This study investigates the feasibility of customizing the intra‐tumor biodistribution and corresponding dose enhancement (DEF) over time for the released CNP as a function of nanoparticle size.Methods:Dose enhancement factors (DEF) due to photon‐induced emission of photo‐/Auger electrons from CNPs were calculated as a function of concentration using previously published analytical calculation method. An experimentally determined diffusion coefficient (D) for 10 nm nanoparticles in mouse tumor model was employed to estimate D for other sizes using the Stoke‐ Einstein equation. The error function diffusion model in the experimental study was applied to generate the intra‐tumor concentration profile for a burst release of CNPs from the spacer over time. The corresponding DEF profiles were then determined for brachytherapy using Pd‐103 and I‐125 sources.Results:As expected, the generated profiles showed greater DEF over time for smaller CNP sizes at sample distances from the spacer. For example, for a centrally located spacer, clinically significant DEF (> 20%) could be achieved near the tumor periphery (ca. 0.85 cm distance from the spacer for average PCa tumor size) after 20, and 100 days, respectively for CNPs sizes of 2 nm, and 10 nm, using I‐125. Meanwhile for Pd‐103, clinically significant DEF could be achieved at the same position after 22 and 108 days, respectively, for same size particles.Conclusion:Our preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of customizing dose enhancement to prostate tumors as a function of spacer location, brachytherapy source type or size of CNPs released from multifunctional spacers. Such an approach could enable customizable radiation boosting to tumor sub‐volumes, while minimizing dose to healthy tissues.
SU‐E‐T‐338: Ultrastable PRNA 3WJ Nanoparticles as Potential I‐125 and C‐131 Carriers for Targeted Radiation Therapy
Authors: Luo W , Li H , Guo P 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:To study the feasibility of using the pRNA 3WJ nanoparticles to carry I‐125 or Cs‐131 to target and treat cancer. As the first step, we investigated the stabilities of pRNA 3WJ nanoparticles that are essential for cancer targeting and treatment in this study.Methods:The thermodynamic stability of assembled RNA 3WJ nanoparticles was studied using the TGGE system. The nanoparticles were irradiated with I‐125 or Cs‐131 radioactive sources that were immersed in the RNA nanoparticle/DNA structure sample liquid contained in a small vial. The irradiation of the RNA samples was performed for different time periods and doses. The purpose was to distinguish the effects of radiation on DNA and RNA structures. Unradiated samples were used as control.Results:RNA nanoparticles were formed by mixing three pieces of oligos, 3WJa, 3WJb, and 3WJc at 1:1:1 molar ratio. Figure 4 demonstrates that 2′‐F modified 3WJ nanoparticles remained stable at temperatures as high as 66.8 ± 2°C, and exhibited melting temperatures of 71 ± 2°C. The radiation stability test was performed with I‐ 125 and Cs‐131 irradiation. Several DNA structures including plasmids were included as control. The first test introduced I‐125 and a low dose of 1 Gy to both RNA and DNA samples, but no change was observed. When the dose was increased to 30 Gy, DNA was damaged while RNA remained unchanged. Three tests were also conducted with Cs‐131 with 7 Gy, 21 Gy, 30 Gy, and 89 Gy, and the results were similar to those with I‐125.Conclusion:pRNA 3WJ nanoparticles are able to form efficiently by onepot self‐assembly. They remained stable at high temperatures and high therapeutic doses over a long time. These unique features suggest that RNA 3WJ nanoparticles have the potential to be used for targeted radiation therapy for cancer treatment.
SU‐E‐T‐340: Use of Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT) for Reducing the Dose to Cochlea in Craniospinal Irradiation (CSI) of Pediatric Patients
Authors: Dormer J , Kassaee A , Lin H , Ding X , Lustig R 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:To evaluate use of intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) and number of beams for sparing cochlea in treatment of whole brain for pediatric medulloblastoma patients.Methods:In our institution, craniospinal irradiation patients are treated in supine position on our proton gantries using pencil beam scanning with each beam uniformly covering the target volume (SFUD). Each treatment plan consists of two opposed lateral whole brain fields and one or two spinal fields. For sparing the cochlea for the whole brain treatment, we created three different plans using IMPT for five pediatric patients. The first plan consisted of two lateral fields, the second two lateral fields and a superior‐inferior field, and the third two lateral fields and two superior oblique fields. Optimization was performed with heavy weights applied to the eye, lens and cochlea while maintaining a dose prescription of 36 Gy to the whole brain.Results:IMPT plans reduce the dose to the cochlea. Increasing the number of treatment fields was found to lower the average dose to the cochlea: 15.0, 14.5 and 12.5 Gy for the two‐field, three‐field, and four‐field plans respectively. The D95 for the two‐field plan was 98.2%, compared to 100.0% for both the three‐field and four‐field plan. Coverage in the mid‐brain was noticeably better in the three‐ and four‐field plans, with more dose conformality surrounding the cochlea.Conclusion:IMPT plans for CSI and the whole brain irradiations are capable of sparing cochlea and reduce the dose considerably without compromising treating brain tissues. The reduction in average dose increases with three and four field plans as compared to traditional two lateral beam plans.
SU‐E‐T‐346: Validation of Beam Accuracy of a Gated Spot‐Scanning Proton Therapy System with Real‐Time Tumor‐Tracking at Hokkaido University
Authors: Yamada T , Matsuura T , Toramatsu C , Takao S , Nihongi H , Miyamoto N , Shimizu S , takayanagi t , Umezawa M , Matsuda K , Umegaki K , Shirato H 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:At Hokkaido University, we have developed a gated spot scanning proton beam therapy system with real‐time tumor‐tracking under collaborative work with Hitachi Ltd. This system has the ability to gate proton beams from the synchrotron, turning the beam on only when the actual positions of inserted fiducial markers monitored by two fluoroscopic X‐ray systems are within the planned positions [Shirato, 2012]. In this research, we validated the accuracy of the proton beams while utilizing external gating signals.Methods:The accuracy of spot positions, spot dose, absolute dose at the center of the SOBP, and range were measured while utilizing external gating signals. The following external gating signals were generated by an arbitrary waveform generator: (1) ON at all times (without gating), (2) an OFF period of 4 s followed by an ON period of 1 s, (3) two ON periods of 0.5 s with a 0.15 s OFF interval, (4) signals recorded during the treatment of real‐time tumor‐tracking X‐ray therapy in Hokkaido University. The spot positions and spot dose were measured by beam monitors in the nozzle. The ranges were measured with a multi‐layer ion chamber made by Hitachi Ltd. The absolute dose was measured with a Farmer ionization chamber and a RFA300 water phantom system.Results:The maximum error of the beam position in the isocenter plane was 0.8 mm without the gating signal and 1.0 mm with the gating signal. The maximum error of the spot dose was 0.0029 MU, below the criterion of 0.0032 MU. The maximum error of the absolute dose was 0.4% and the maximum variation of the range was 0.1 mm.Conclusion:It was confirmed with measurements of the beam that the accuracy of the proton beam met the criteria with external gating signals.This research was supported by the Cabinet Office, Government of Japan and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through the Funding Program for World‐Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program), initiated by the Council for Science and Technology Policy (CSTP).