bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, synthesis, and self‐assembly manipulating of polymerized ionic liquids contained imidazolium based on “Jacketing” effect
Authors: Weng Liang , Yan Jiao‐Jiao , Xie He‐Lou , Zhong Guan‐Qun , Zhu Si‐Qi , Zhang Hai‐Liang , Chen Er‐Qiang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA series of novel polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) contained imidazolium, poly (2,5‐bis{[6‐(1‐butyl‐3′‐imidazolium)hexyl] oxy carbonyl}styrene salts) (denoted as P1X−, X−Br−, BF4−, PF6− and TFSI−) were successfully synthesized via radical polymerization. The chemical structures of the monomers and their corresponding PILs were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis results showed that these PILs had excellent thermal stability. The phase transitions and liquid‐crystalline (LC) behaviors of these polymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy (PLM), and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The combined experimental results showed that all the PILs could form hexagonal columnar (ϕH) LC ordered structures because of the strong interaction between the anions and cations in the side groups except for P1TFSI−. The conductivities of monomers and PILs were sketchily investigated, and monomers had higher conductivities than those of conprespoding PILs. For comparison, we have synthesized a polymer without counter‐anion, but similar to the chemical structure of P1X−, poly (2, 5‐bis{[6‐(4‐butoxy‐4′‐oxy phenyl) hexyl] oxycarbonyl} styrene) (denoted as P2). In this case, phenyl took place of imidazolium of side chain, and LC ordered structure did not form. The comparison between P1X− and P2 suggested that ion played an important role in the constructing of LC ordered structure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Hydrophilic polymer foams with well‐defined open‐cell structure prepared from pickering high internal phase emulsions
Authors: Hua Ye , Zhang Shengmiao , Zhu Yun , Chu Yeqian , Chen Jianding 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOpen‐cell hydrophilic polymer foams are prepared through oil‐in‐water Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). The Pickering HIPEs are stabilized by commercial titania (TiO2) nanoparticles with adding small amounts of non‐ionic surfactant Tween85. The morphologies, such as average void diameter and interconnectivity, of the foams can be tailored easily by varying the TiO2 nanoparticles and Tween85 concentrations. Further, investigation of the HIPE stability, emulsion structure and the location of TiO2 nanoparticles in resulting foams shows that the surfactant tends to occupy the oil‐water interface at the contact point of adjacent droplets, where the interconnecting pores are hence likely to be formed after the consolidation of the continuous phase. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Synthesis of polymers containing 1,2,4‐oxadiazole as an electron‐acceptor moiety in their main chain and their solar cell applications
Authors: Agneeswari Rajalingam , Tamilavan Vellaiappillai , Song Myungkwan , Kang Jae‐Wook , Jin Sung‐Ho , Hyun Myung Ho 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTo explore the aptitude of 1,2,4‐oxadiazole‐based electron‐acceptor unit in polymer solar cell applications, we prepared four new polymers (P1–P4) containing 1,2,4‐oxadiazole moiety in their main chain and applied them to solar cell applications. Thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties of the polymers were studied using thermogravimetric, absorption, and cyclic voltammetry analysis, respectively. All four polymers showed high thermal stability (5% degradation temperature over 335 °C), and the optical band gaps were calculated to be 2.20, 1.72, 1.37, and 1.74 eV, respectively, from the onset wavelength of the film‐state absorption band. The energy levels of the polymers were found to be suitable for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell applications. The BHJ solar cells were prepared by using the synthesized polymers as a donor and PC71BM as an electron acceptor with the configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:PC71BM (1:3 wt %)/LiF/Al. One of the polymers was found to show the maximum power conversion efficiency of 1.33% with a Jsc of 4.95 mA/cm2, a Voc of 0.68 V, and a FF of 40%, measured using AM 1.5 G solar simulator at 100 mW/cm2 light illumination. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
The Distribution of CH3 Over the Film Thickness and Shrinkage of H2 Plasma‐Modified PDMS Films
Authors: Danilov Vladimir , Wagner Hans‐Erich , Meichsner Jürgen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe H2 plasma modification of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films of initial thickness up to 600 nm was studied. The main plasma component modifying the films is the VUV plasma radiation measured by a VUV monochromator. By variation of the plasma processing parameters, such as H2 pressure, RF forward power and treatment time, the optimum parameters are defined for the plasma chemical modification of liquid PDMS films. The thin films were analysed by Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy. Gradually changes in the vertical films structures is found with a top methyl‐free SiOx layer (≤60 nm), followed by a cross‐linked bulk material with a gradually increasing CH3 concentration over the film depth. Additionally, the PDMS plasma modifications results in films shrinkages as measured by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE). magnified image
Suppression of DHT‐induced paracrine stimulation of endothelial cell growth by estrogens via prostate cancer cells
Authors: Wen Juan , Zhao Yuan , Li Jinghe , Weng Chunyan , Cai Jingjing , Yang Kan , Yuan Hong , Imperato‐McGinley Julianne , Zhu Yuan‐Shan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDAndrogen modulation of angiogenesis in prostate cancer may be not directly mediated by androgen receptor (AR) as AR is not detected in the prostatic endothelial cells.METHODSWe examined the paracrine stimulation of cell proliferation by prostate tumor cells and its modulation by androgen and estrogens in a murine endothelial cell line (MEC) that does not express AR.RESULTSTumor cell conditioned media (TCM) collected from LAPC‐4 or LNCaP prostatic tumor cells produced a time‐ and concentration‐dependent induction of cell growth in MECs, which was parallel to the VEGF concentration in the TCM. This TCM‐induced cell growth in MECs was enhanced by the treatment of prostatic tumor cells with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Both the TCM‐stimulation and DHT‐enhancement effects in MECs were completely blocked by SU5416, a specific VEGF receptor antagonist. Co‐administration of 17α‐estradiol or 17β‐estradiol with DHT in prostatic tumor cells completely inhibited the DHT‐enhancement effect while treatment with DHT, 17α‐estradiol or 17β‐estradiol did not produce any significant direct effect in MECs. Moreover, administration of 17α‐estradiol or 17β‐estradiol in xenograft animals with LAPC‐4 or LNCaP prostate tumor significantly decreased the microvessel number in the tumor tissues.CONCLUSIONSOur study indicated that prostate tumor cells regulate endothelial cell growth through a paracrine mechanism, which is mainly mediated by VEGF; and DHT is able to modulate endothelial cell growth via tumor cells, which is inhibited by 17α‐estradiol and 17β‐estradiol. Thus, both17α‐estradiol and 17β‐estradiol are potential agents for anti‐angiogenesis therapy in androgen‐responsive prostate cancer. Prostate 73: 1069–1081, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radiation fields for nanoscale systems
Authors: Zhang Ming Liang , Drabold D. A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstractmagnified imageFor a group of charged particles obeying quantum mechanics (QM) and interacting with an electromagnetic field, the charge, and current density in a pure state of the system are expressed in terms of the many‐body wave function. Using these as sources, the microscopic Maxwell equations can be written down for any given pure state of a many‐body system. By employing semi‐classical radiation theory (SCRT) with these sources, the microscopic Maxwell equations can be used to compute the strong radiation fields produced by interacting charged quantal particles. For a charged particle, three radiation fields involve only the vector potential A. This is another example demonstrating the observability of the vector potential. Five radiation fields are perpendicular to the canonical momentum of a single charged particle. For a group of charged particles, a new type of radiation field is predicted. This kind of radiation does not exist for a single charged particle. The macroscopic Maxwell equations are derived from the corresponding microscopic equations for a pure state by the Russakoff–Robinson procedure which requires only a spatial coarse graining. Because the sources of fields are also the responses of a system to an external field, one also has to give up the temporal coarse graining of the current density which is often supposed to be critical to the kinetic approach of conductivity.
Ferromagnetic correlations in heavy fermions from an NMR point of view: YbNi4P2 vs. YbRh2Si2
Authors: Baenitz M. , Sarkar R. , Khuntia P. , Krellner C. , Geibel C. , Steglich F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFerromagnetic correlations are discussed on the basis of shift K4f and spin–lattice‐relaxation (SLR) rate R4f(T) = (1/T1T)4f investigations for YbNi4P2 and YbRh2Si2. For YbRh2Si2 the coexistence of antiferromagnetic (afm) and ferromagnetic (fm) fluctuations at the edge of magnetic order is strongly related to the non‐Fermi‐liquid behaviour (NFL). The analysis of the NMR results for YbNi4P2 in the modified Korringa framework for correlated local moment metals yields the enhancement factor $\cal K$(α) which is a measure of the q ‐space dependence of the complex dynamic susceptibility. Surprisingly the $\cal K$(α) behavior of YbNi4P2is very similar to YbRh2Si2and evidences strongly the evolution of an afm (q ≠ 0) component in the q = 0 dominated complex dynamic susceptibility χ’’ (q,ωn,T) at low temperatures and in small fields. This suggests the presence of ferro‐ and antiferromagnetic fluctuations at the QCP and the freezing out of the afm ones by applying magnetic fields and tuning towards FL state. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Calibration of excitonic photoluminescence to determine high aluminum concentrations in silicon
Authors: Lauer Kevin , Möller Christian , Schulze Dirk , Bartel Til , Kirscht Fritz 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe photoluminescence spectroscopy method for determining the concentration of shallow acceptors or donors in silicon is extended for the case of aluminum. A calibration function of the photoluminescence intensity ratio of the aluminum bound exciton AlTO(BE) and the free exciton ITO(FE) is reported in the aluminum concentration range of 1015–1017 atoms/cm3 and in the temperature range of 15 K < T < 27 K. It is described as AlTO(BE)/ITO( FE) = 10–15.1 × cAl0.84 × e5.9meV/kT.magnified imageDependence of the PL intensity ratio AlTO(BE)/ITO(FE) on the aluminum concentration. The line represents the calibration function. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging protocol for in situ characterization of tryptic peptide identity and distribution in formalin‐fixed tissue
Authors: Gustafsson Ove J. R. , Eddes James S. , Meding Stephan , McColl Shaun R. , Oehler Martin K. , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: February 2013

RATIONALEMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry provides the means to map the in situ distribution of tryptic peptides in formalin‐fixed clinical tissue samples. The ability to analyze clinical samples is of great importance to further developments in the imaging field. However, there is a requirement in this field of research for additional methods describing the characterization of tryptic peptides by MALDI imaging.METHODS AND RESULTSThis protocol gives highly detailed instructions, with examples, for (1) successfully performing tryptic peptide MALDI imaging on formalin‐fixed cancer tissue using a MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS instrument, (2) tentatively generating identifications through nLC/MS/MS, and (3) validating these identifications by in situ MS/MS of peptides of interest.CONCLUSIONSThis protocol provides a detailed and straightforward description of the methods required for groups new to MALDI imaging to begin analysis of formalin‐fixed clinical samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental Study to Improve the Castability of Aluminum Killed Cold Heading Steel
Authors: Jun Yang , Bo‐Tao Chen , Wei Tang , Fan‐Zheng Zeng , Gang Yu , Feng Shen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractExperimental study on the LF refining of aluminum killed cold heading steel shows that calcium content in the molten steel increased to about 0.0010% at the end of refining, and the aluminum deoxized products were transformed from Al2O3 to the complex inclusions CaO–MgO–Al2O3 with lower melting point by the high basicity, high Al2O3, and strong deoxidizing slag. The inclusions are in liquid state and can be easily floated up during LF refining and continuous casting. The total oxygen content of the steel falls to about 0.0020%. The experimental technology uses only 50 m calcium wire to the 80‐t heat or even without calcium treatment. As compared to the traditional technology with higher amount of calcium for treatment, which forms CaS and CaO–MgO–Al2O3 inclusions with high melting point, the experimental technology improves the castability and reduces the manufacturing cost.
A structural mapping of mutations causing succinyl‐CoA:3‐ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency
Authors: Shafqat Naeem , Kavanagh Kate L. , Sass Jörn Oliver , Christensen Ernst , Fukao Toshiyuki , Lee Wen Hwa , Oppermann Udo , Yue Wyatt W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSuccinyl‐CoA:3‐ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency is a rare inherited metabolic disorder of ketone metabolism, characterized by ketoacidotic episodes and often permanent ketosis. To date there are ∼20 disease‐associated alleles on the OXCT1 gene that encodes the mitochondrial enzyme SCOT. SCOT catalyzes the first, rate‐limiting step of ketone body utilization in peripheral tissues, by transferring a CoA moiety from succinyl‐CoA to form acetoacetyl‐CoA, for entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle for energy production. We have determined the crystal structure of human SCOT, providing a molecular understanding of the reported mutations based on their potential structural effects. An interactive version of this manuscript (which may contain additional mutations appended after acceptance of this manuscript) may be found on the web address: http://www.thesgc.org/jimd/SCOT.
International Exchange Training in Genetic Counseling: An Exploration of the Value in Exchange Experiences
Authors: Alexander Chelsea K. A. , Veach Patricia McCarthy , Lian Fengqin , LeRoy Bonnie S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractInternational exchange training in genetic counseling is increasing, but research examining these experiences is lacking. In this study 309 genetic counseling students and genetic counselors completed an anonymous survey investigating six major research questions: (1) How prevalent are international genetic counseling experiences? (2) What types are pursued and why? (3) What supports and barriers exist? 3) What are the demographic characteristics of individuals accruing international experience? (5) Does international experience promote professional development? and (6) Do genetic counseling students and professionals perceive international experiences as beneficial? Most respondents were Caucasian females born in one of 25 countries. The most prevalent experiences involved either clinical observation or clinical training. Common motivations for pursuing international experience were personal growth, exposure to a different healthcare system, and travel opportunities. Outcomes included professionally‐relevant experience and personal growth. Barriers included finances, limited availability of opportunities, and for those without international experience, family responsibilities. Additional findings, practice and training implications, and research recommendations are provided.
Computer-Aided Design of Manufacturing Chain Based on Closed Die Forging for Hardly Deformable Cu-Based Alloys
Authors: Pietrzyk Maciej , Kuziak Roman , Pidvysots’kyy Valeriy , Nowak Jarosław , Węglarczyk Stanisław , Drozdowski Krzysztof 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Two copper-based alloys were considered, Cu-1 pct Cr and Cu-0.7 pct Cr-1 pct Si-2 pct Ni. The thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of these alloys are given in the paper and compared to pure copper and steel. The role of aging and precipitation kinetics in hardening of the alloys is discussed based upon the developed model. Results of plastometric tests performed at various temperatures and various strain rates are presented. The effect of the initial microstructure on the flow stress was investigated. Rheologic models for the alloys were developed. A finite element (FE) model based on the Norton–Hoff visco-plastic flow rule was applied to the simulation of forging of the alloys. Analysis of the die wear for various processes of hot and cold forging is presented as well. A microstructure evolution model was implemented into the FE code, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of final products were predicted. Various variants of the manufacturing cycles were considered. These include different preheating schedules, hot forging, cold forging, and aging. All variants were simulated using the FE method and loads, die filling, tool wear, and mechanical properties of products were predicted. Three variants giving the best combination of forging parameters were selected and industrial trials were performed. The best manufacturing technology for the copper-based alloys is proposed.
The evolution of miscible gravity currents in horizontal porous layers
Authors: Szulczewski M. L. , Juanes R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGravity currents of miscible fluids in porous media are important to understand because they occur in important engineering projects, such as enhanced oil recovery and geologic CO2 sequestration. These flows are often modelled based on two simplifying assumptions: vertical velocities are negligible compared with horizontal velocities, and diffusion is negligible compared with advection. In many cases, however, these assumptions limit the validity of the models to a finite, intermediate time interval during the flow, making prediction of the flow at early and late times difficult. Here, we consider the effects of vertical flow and diffusion to develop a set of models for the entire evolution of a miscible gravity current. To gain physical insight, we study a simple system: lock exchange of equal-viscosity fluids in a horizontal, vertically confined layer of permeable rock. We show that the flow exhibits five regimes: (i) an early diffusion regime, in which the fluids diffuse across the initially sharp fluid–fluid interface; (ii) an S-slumping regime, in which the fluid–fluid interface tilts in an S-shape; (iii) a straight-line slumping regime, in which the fluid–fluid interface tilts as a straight line; (iv) a Taylor-slumping regime, in which Taylor dispersion at the aquifer scale enhances mixing between the fluids and causes the flow to continuously decelerate; and (v) a late diffusion regime, in which the flow becomes so slow that mass transfer again occurs dominantly though diffusion.
The PORSCE II framework: using AI planning for automated Semantic Web service composition
Authors: Hatzi Ourania , Vrakas Dimitris , Bassiliades Nick , Anagnostopoulos Dimosthenis , Vlahavas Ioannis 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper presents PORSCE II, an integrated system that performs automatic Semantic Web service composition exploiting artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, specifically planning. Essential steps in achieving Web service composition include the translation of the Web service composition problem into a solver-ready planning domain and problem, followed by the acquisition of solutions, and the translation of the solutions back to Web service terms. The solutions to the problem, that is, the descriptions of the desired composite service, are obtained by means of external domain-independent planning systems, they are visualized and finally evaluated. Throughout the entire process, the system exploits semantic information extracted from the semantic descriptions of the available Web services and the corresponding ontologies, in order to perform composition under semantic awareness and relaxation.
Exercise capacity, quality of life, and resilience after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a cross-sectional study of patients operated between 1964 and 2009
Authors: Frigiola Alessandra , Bull Catherine , Wray Jo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntroductionPatients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot have good long-term survival but less is known about the subjectively assessed quality of life or objectively measured functional status of those who have not required subsequent pulmonary valve replacement. We assessed these parameters in a group of children and adults free from pulmonary valve replacement after tetralogy of Fallot repair.Methods and resultsA random sample of 50 subjects – 16 children and 34 adults, aged 4.1–56.7 years – who had undergone tetralogy of Fallot repair and were free from subsequent pulmonary valve replacement underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing and completed standardised questionnaires assessing health-related quality of life and resilience. Patients were generally asymptomatic (median New York Heart Association class = I). Exercise capacity was within two standard deviations of normal for most children and adults (mean z VO2max: 0.20 ± 1.5; mean z VE/VCO2: −0.9 ± 1.3). Children reported a total health-related quality of life score similar to healthy norms (78 ± 10 versus 84 ± 1, p = 0.73). Adult survivors also reported quality of life scores comparable to healthy norms. Resilience was highly correlated with all domains of health-related quality of life (r = 0.713, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsPatients who have undergone tetralogy of Fallot repair in childhood and have not required pulmonary valve replacement have a good long-term health-related quality of life. The finding that patients with greater resilience had better health-related quality of life suggests that it may be beneficial to implement interventions to foster resilience.
Coordination and Resource Maximization during Disaster Relief Efforts
Authors: Lee Vernon J. , Low Edwin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntroduction:In the aftermath of the Earthquake and Tsunami in Southeast Asia, many relief organizations sent medical aid to affected areas.Objective:The aim of this paper is to examine the mix of healthcare workers resulting from an influx of aid to Meulaboh, Indonesia, and how they met local healthcare needs.Methods:Data were collected from the registration center for relief organizations in Meulaboh and daily hospital meetings on healthcare needs and available workers.Results:Prior to the Tsunami, there were 14 doctors and 120 nurses in the hospital. By the third week after the Tsunami, there were 21 surgeons performing 10 surgeries daily, and >20 non-surgical doctors in the 90-bed hospital. There were <70 nurses available during the month after the Tsunami, which was insufficient for the needs of the hospital. In the town of Meulaboh, the number of doctors exceeded the number of nurses, while public health workers comprised <5% of the healthcare workers.Conclusion:An initial disaster-coordinating agency, formed by the United Nations (United Nations) in conjunction with affected countries, should link actively with relief organizations. This will optimize help in meeting local needs, and direct relief to where it is needed most.