bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suberin-Associated Fatty Alcohols in Arabidopsis: Distributions in Roots and Contributions to Seed Coat Barrier Properties
Authors: Vishwanath Sollapura J. , Kosma Dylan K. , Pulsifer Ian P. , Scandola Sabine , Pascal Stéphanie , Joubès Jérôme , Dittrich-Domergue Franziska , Lessire René , Rowland Owen , Domergue Frédéric 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Suberin is found in a variety of tissues, such as root endoderms and periderms, storage tuber periderms, tree cork layer, and seed coats. It acts as a hydrophobic barrier to control the movement of water, gases, and solutes as well as an antimicrobial barrier. Suberin consists of polymerized phenolics, glycerol, and a variety of fatty acid derivatives, including primary fatty alcohols. We have conducted an in-depth analysis of the distribution of the C18:0 to C22:0 fatty alcohols in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots and found that only 20% are part of the root suberin polymer, together representing about 5% of its aliphatic monomer composition, while the remaining 80% are found in the nonpolymeric (soluble) fraction. Down-regulation of Arabidopsis FATTY ACYL REDUCTASE1 (FAR1), FAR4, and FAR5, which collectively produce the fatty alcohols found in suberin, reduced their levels by 70% to 80% in (1) the polymeric and nonpolymeric fractions from roots of tissue culture-grown plants, (2) the suberin-associated root waxes from 7-week-old soil-grown plants, and (3) the seed coat suberin polymer. By contrast, the other main monomers of suberin were not altered, indicating that reduced levels of fatty alcohols did not influence the suberin polymerization process. Nevertheless, the 75% reduction in total fatty alcohol and diol loads in the seed coat resulted in increased permeability to tetrazolium salts and a higher sensitivity to abscisic acid. These results suggest that fatty alcohols and diols play an important role in determining the functional properties of the seed coat suberin barrier.
Identification of Cyclic GMP-Activated Nonselective Ca2+-Permeable Cation Channels and Associated CNGC5 and CNGC6 Genes in Arabidopsis Guard Cells
Authors: Wang Yong-Fei , Munemasa Shintaro , Nishimura Noriyuki , Ren Hui-Min , Robert Nadia , Han Michelle , Puzõrjova Irina , Kollist Hannes , Lee Stephen , Mori Izumi , Schroeder Julian I. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ in guard cells plays an important role in stomatal movement responses to environmental stimuli. These cytosolic Ca2+ increases result from Ca2+ influx through Ca2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane and Ca2+ release from intracellular organelles in guard cells. However, the genes encoding defined plasma membrane Ca2+-permeable channel activity remain unknown in guard cells and, with some exceptions, largely unknown in higher plant cells. Here, we report the identification of two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cation channel genes, CNGC5 and CNGC6, that are highly expressed in guard cells. Cytosolic application of cyclic GMP (cGMP) and extracellularly applied membrane-permeable 8-Bromoguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate-cGMP both activated hyperpolarization-induced inward-conducting currents in wild-type guard cells using Mg2+ as the main charge carrier. The cGMP-activated currents were strongly blocked by lanthanum and gadolinium and also conducted Ba2+, Ca2+, and Na+ ions. cngc5 cngc6 double mutant guard cells exhibited dramatically impaired cGMP-activated currents. In contrast, mutations in CNGC1, CNGC2, and CNGC20 did not disrupt these cGMP-activated currents. The yellow fluorescent protein-CNGC5 and yellow fluorescent protein-CNGC6 proteins localize in the cell periphery. Cyclic AMP activated modest inward currents in both wild-type and cngc5cngc6 mutant guard cells. Moreover, cngc5 cngc6 double mutant guard cells exhibited functional abscisic acid (ABA)-activated hyperpolarization-dependent Ca2+-permeable cation channel currents, intact ABA-induced stomatal closing responses, and whole-plant stomatal conductance responses to darkness and changes in CO2 concentration. Furthermore, cGMP-activated currents remained intact in the growth controlled by abscisic acid2 and abscisic acid insensitive1 mutants. This research demonstrates that the CNGC5 and CNGC6 genes encode unique cGMP-activated nonselective Ca2+-permeable cation channels in the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis guard cells.
Reduced Wall Acetylation Proteins Play Vital and Distinct Roles in Cell Wall O-Acetylation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Manabe Yuzuki , Verhertbruggen Yves , Gille Sascha , Harholt Jesper , Chong Sun-Li , Pawar Prashant Mohan-Anupama , Mellerowicz Ewa J. , Tenkanen Maija , Cheng Kun , Pauly Markus , Scheller Henrik Vibe 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The Reduced Wall Acetylation (RWA) proteins are involved in cell wall acetylation in plants. Previously, we described a single mutant, rwa2, which has about 20% lower level of O-acetylation in leaf cell walls and no obvious growth or developmental phenotype. In this study, we generated double, triple, and quadruple loss-of-function mutants of all four members of the RWA family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In contrast to rwa2, the triple and quadruple rwa mutants display severe growth phenotypes revealing the importance of wall acetylation for plant growth and development. The quadruple rwa mutant can be completely complemented with the RWA2 protein expressed under 35S promoter, indicating the functional redundancy of the RWA proteins. Nevertheless, the degree of acetylation of xylan, (gluco)mannan, and xyloglucan as well as overall cell wall acetylation is affected differently in different combinations of triple mutants, suggesting their diversity in substrate preference. The overall degree of wall acetylation in the rwa quadruple mutant was reduced by 63% compared with the wild type, and histochemical analysis of the rwa quadruple mutant stem indicates defects in cell differentiation of cell types with secondary cell walls.
Molecular Steps in the Immune Signaling Pathway Evoked by Plant Elicitor Peptides: Ca2+-Dependent Protein Kinases, Nitric Oxide, and Reactive Oxygen Species Are Downstream from the Early Ca2+ Signal
Authors: Ma Yi , Zhao Yichen , Walker Robin K. , Berkowitz Gerald A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Endogenous plant elicitor peptides (Peps) can act to facilitate immune signaling and pathogen defense responses. Binding of these peptides to the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plasma membrane-localized Pep receptors (PEPRs) leads to cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, an early event in a signaling cascade that activates immune responses. This immune response includes the amplification of signaling evoked by direct perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by plant cells under assault. Work included in this report further characterizes the Pep immune response and identifies new molecular steps in the signal transduction cascade. The PEPR coreceptor BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 Associated Kinase1 contributes to generation of the Pep-activated Ca2+ signal and leads to increased defense gene expression and resistance to a virulent bacterial pathogen. Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) decode the Ca2+ signal, also facilitating defense gene expression and enhanced resistance to the pathogen. Nitric oxide and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species generation (due to the function of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog proteins D and F) are also involved downstream from the Ca2+ signal in the Pep immune defense signal transduction cascade, as is the case with BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 Associated Kinase1 and CPK5, CPK6, and CPK11. These steps of the pathogen defense response are required for maximal Pep immune activation that limits growth of a virulent bacterial pathogen in the plant. We find a synergism between function of the PEPR and Flagellin Sensing2 receptors in terms of both nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species generation. Presented results are also consistent with the involvement of the secondary messenger cyclic GMP and a cyclic GMP-activated Ca2+-conducting channel in the Pep immune signaling pathway.
Performance-based procurement for low-disturbance bridge construction projects
Authors: Sebastian Rizal , Claeson-Jonsson Christina , Di Giulio Roberto 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to introduce a method of performance-based procurement, based on the most economically advantageous tender (MEAT), for low-disturbance bridge construction projects in urban environment.

Design/methodology/approach
– The first part of this paper reviews the key performance indicators (KPIs) of low-disturbance construction and the procurement procedure based on the MEAT principles. The second part reflects on two actual bridge projects (the Rotebro bridge in Sweden and the Arno river bridge in Italy) as observatory case studies to analyse how clients and contractors can implement the KPIs in MEAT.

Findings
– The research findings demonstrate the possible inclusion of the KPIs of low-disturbance construction into the MEAT criteria. The MEAT principles can then be used in combination with either a traditional or an integrated procurement strategy.

Research limitations/implications
– The implementation of MEAT to achieve low-disturbance construction projects is considerably new and still requires an empirical validation. A further elaboration of the procurement strategy within the EU regulatory framework is strongly recommended in order to assure the broader impacts of sustainable construction.

Practical implications
– The findings and recommendations support the practical development and the use of MEAT in construction projects in the EU.

Originality/value
– This paper presents on-going investigation within the FP7 collaborative research project “PANTURA”, which addresses the actual research agenda of the European Commission on low-disturbance and urban-friendly civil infrastructure projects.
Doing qualitative research in Chinese contexts
Authors: Zhou Lihong , Baptista Nunes Miguel 
Published: September 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss the process of doing qualitative inductive research in China, drawing its conclusions from a grounded theory study. To be more specific, this paper reflects on the process of approaching interviewees, guaranteeing their participation, conducting the interviews and encouraging responses in the context of Chinese culture.Design/methodology/approach– The discussion in the paper uses Hofstede's cultural dimensions as a tool in the interpretation and understanding of both the behaviour and the preconceptions of the interview participants involved in a research project focused on exploring and explaining barriers and enablers to knowledge sharing between traditional and Western healthcare professionals in China. The context for the study was a public hospital in the province of Hubei in Central China. A total of 49 semi-structured interviews were carried out and analysed.Findings– Despite the grounded theory methodology being applicable in different cultural contexts, the culture itself may present challenges and barriers at both the data collection and analysis stages. These cultural problems may hinder interaction with informants, misunderstanding of responses and behaviours, and thus significantly impair the research validity and reliability.Practical implications– The paper provides advice and recommendations to researchers aiming at doing this type of study in China.Originality/value– The paper is of interest to inductive researchers, in particular those using grounded theory, as it describes and discusses the actual application of the methodology in a non-Western context. The paper is also of interest to any researchers intending to undertake participative research in China.
Global village: mobile access to library resources
Authors: Hoivik Jingru 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– This paper describes an ongoing mobile library project for the National Library of Norway. The purpose is to develop a visual web service prototype providing mobile access to the library's growing repository of digital data.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author has set up several test databases and developed a number of Android applications (apps) for testing purposes: image presentation; library's digital exhibition “in the pocket”; traditional free text search; location based search; barcode scan for ISBN search / QR encapsulation; and voice/spoken search.

Findings
– These six approaches were found to be promising using mobile technology. Cloud technology has changed the mobile phone from a voice transmitter to a multi-purpose device connected to the network. Library resources may now be distributed in the cloud, with global mobile access, to really achieve a global library network.

Originality/value
– The applications developed here are innovative and unique, and will add to the general body of use cases.
Mapping of moveout in tilted transversely isotropic media
Authors: Stovas Alexey , Alkhalifah Tariq 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe computation of traveltimes in a transverse isotropic medium with a tilted symmetry axis tilted transversely isotropic is very important both for modelling and inversion. We develop a simple analytical procedure to map the traveltime function from a transverse isotropic medium with a vertical symmetry axis (vertical transversely isotropic) to a tilted transversely isotropic medium by applying point‐by‐point mapping of the traveltime function. This approach can be used for kinematic modelling and inversion in layered tilted transversely isotropic media.
Regulation of fetal lung development in response to maternal overnutrition
Authors: Lock Mitchell , McGillick Erin V , Orgeig Sandra , McMillen I Caroline , Morrison Janna L 
Published: September 2013

Summary

With the worldwide obesity epidemic, the proportion of women entering pregnancy overweight or obese has increased significantly in recent years.

Babies born to obese women are at an increased risk of respiratory complications at birth and in childhood.

In addition to maternal diabetes, there are a number of metabolic changes that the fetus of an overnourished mother experiences in utero that may modulate lung development and represent the mechanisms underlying the increased risk of respiratory complications.

Herein we highlight a series of factors associated with the intrauterine environment of an overnourished mother that may impact on fetal lung development and lead to an increased risk of complications at birth or in postnatal life.
Urban Responses to Climate Change: Theories and Governance Practice in Cities of the Global South
Authors: Heinrichs Dirk , Krellenberg Kerstin , Fragkias Michail 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCities around the world have recently started to become ‘proactive’ initiators of climate strategies containing both mitigation and adaptation elements. The experience of these first movers has been studied and documented both empirically and, to a lesser extent, theoretically, primarily for cities in the global North. This symposium addresses related knowledge gaps by exploring case studies of urban regions in the global South confronting their projected climate change challenges, showcasing the experiences of Delhi, Santiago de Chile and Bogotá. Its specific aim is to explore the urban social response to nature change, the adaptation challenges faced by cities across the world and current practices of urban adaptation. Further, the symposium seeks to understand to what extent and in what respect current conceptual frameworks — which highlight urban ecological security and vulnerability — provide a useful context/framing to assist cities in confronting their challenges and to explain their actions. This introductory article examines current knowledge of the theory and practice of urban climate response. It introduces the concepts of ecological security and vulnerability and discusses the adaptive capacity of cities and how they are starting to respond to the emerging challenges of climate change. It concludes with a synthesis of the case articles and highlights some of the findings.
Australasian Resuscitation In Sepsis Evaluation trial statistical analysis plan
Authors: Delaney Anthony , Peake Sandra L , Bellomo Rinaldo , Cameron Peter , Holdgate Anna , Howe Belinda , Higgins Alisa , Presneill Jeffrey , Webb Steve ,   ARISE Investigators
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe Australasian Resuscitation In Sepsis Evaluation (ARISE) study is an international, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of early goal‐directed therapy compared with standard care for patients presenting to the ED with severe sepsis.ObjectiveIn keeping with current practice, and taking into considerations aspects of trial design and reporting specific to non‐pharmacologic interventions, this document outlines the principles and methods for analysing and reporting the trial results. The document is prepared prior to completion of recruitment into the ARISE study, without knowledge of the results of the interim analysis conducted by the data safety and monitoring committee and prior to completion of the two related international studies.MethodsThe statistical analysis plan was designed by the ARISE chief investigators, and reviewed and approved by the ARISE steering committee. The data collected by the research team as specified in the study protocol, and detailed in the study case report form were reviewed. Information related to baseline characteristics, characteristics of delivery of the trial interventions, details of resuscitation and other related therapies, and other relevant data are described with appropriate comparisons between groups. The primary, secondary and tertiary outcomes for the study are defined, with description of the planned statistical analyses.ResultsA statistical analysis plan was developed, along with a trial profile, mock‐up tables and figures. A plan for presenting baseline characteristics, microbiological and antibiotic therapy, details of the interventions, processes of care and concomitant therapies, along with adverse events are described. The primary, secondary and tertiary outcomes are described along with identification of subgroups to be analysed.ConclusionA statistical analysis plan for the ARISE study has been developed, and is available in the public domain, prior to the completion of recruitment into the study. This will minimise analytic bias and conforms to current best practice in conducting clinical trials.
Accuracy of computed tomography of the kidneys, ureters and bladder interpretation by emergency physicians
Authors: Rafi Momtaz , Shetty Amith , Gunja Naren 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims to determine the interpretation accuracy of computed tomography of the kidneys, ureters and bladder (CT‐KUB) by emergency physicians (EPs) compared with the formal radiology report, as the reference standard, in patients with suspected acute urinary tract calculous disease.MethodsA sample of 20 consecutive CT‐KUB scans for suspected acute calculous disease was compiled from the medical imaging department of an adult tertiary teaching hospital. Ten EPs with a minimum of 2 years' experience post‐Fellowship interpreted each scan using a template form. The total sample of 200 reports by EPs was compared with the formal radiology report for agreement in detecting renal tract stones, signs of obstruction and other clinical findings. Interrater agreement and the kappa statistic were used for comparative data analysis.ResultsThere was a high level of agreement (%, kappa value) between EPs and radiologists for the detection of large (≥5 mm) calculi (94.5%, κ 0.89), signs of obstruction (93%, κ 0.86) and clinically significant findings (90%, κ 0.78). The level of agreement was low for the detection of small (<5 mm) calculi (79%, κ 0.48) and clinically non‐significant findings (67.5%, κ 0.33).ConclusionEPs can accurately detect clinically significant acute calculous disease and signs of obstruction on CT‐KUB, allowing for ongoing acute management and early disposition of the patient. However, their findings should be verified against the formal radiology report when available.
Current status of emergency airway management for elderly patients in Korea: Multicentre study using the Korean Emergency Airway Management Registry
Authors: Cho Junho , Cho Young Soon , You Je Sung , Lee Hye Sun , Kim Hyunjong , Chung Hyun Soo ,   Korean Emergency Airway Management Society
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveWe report the current status of emergency airway management in elderly Korean patients by analysing a multicentre registry database in order to provide quality emergency airway management to elderly patients.MethodsThe present study was designed as a retrospective, subgroup analysis of the registry of Korean Emergency Airway Management Society. We analysed rapid sequence intubation rate, first pass success rate and complications.ResultsThe study consisted of 4891 patients aged 65 years and older. The anticipation rate of difficult airway for age younger than 65 years, age 65 years and older and age 80 years and older was 15.8% (805/5090; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.8–16.8), 12.0% (376/3146; 95% CI, 10.9–13.1) and 8.5% (97/1140; 95% CI, 7.0–10.0) respectively (P < 0.001). Rapid sequence intubation was performed on 27.8% (1683/6051; 95% CI, 26.7–29.0) of the patients aged younger than 65 years, 26.5% (954/3599; 95% CI, 25.1–28.0) of the patients aged between 65 and 79 years and 25.2% (325/1292; 95% CI, 22.8–27.6) of the patients aged 80 years and older (P = 0.097). First pass success was shown in 4837 (79.9%; 95% CI, 78.9–80.9) of 6051 patients aged less than 65 years, 2868 (79.7%; 95% CI, 78.3–81.0) of 3599 patients aged between 65 and 79 years and 1069 (82.7%; 95% CI, 80.5–84.7) of 1292 patients aged 80 years and older (P = 0.047). No differences were found between each group in the comparison of complication incidence by age (P = 0.686).ConclusionsSimilar success and complication rates were found for emergency airway management in elderly patients compared with patients aged less than 65 years.
Level of agreement between prehospital and emergency department vital signs in trauma patients
Authors: Dinh Michael M , Oliver Matthew , Bein Kendall , Muecke Sandy , Carroll Therese , Veillard Anne‐Sophie , Gabbe Belinda J , Ivers Rebecca 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectivesDescribe the level of agreement between prehospital (emergency medical service [EMS]) and ED vital signs in a group of trauma patients transported to an inner city Major Trauma Centre. We also sought to determine factors associated with differences in recorded vital sign measurements.MethodsAll adult patients meeting trauma triage criteria and transported directly from scene of injury by New South Wales Ambulance to our institution were included. The primary outcome was the difference in vital signs: heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), respiratory rate (RR) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), between ED and EMS recorded measurements. Agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and enhanced Bland–Altman plots. Multivariable linear regression models were used to determine factors associated with vital sign differences.ResultsThe 1181 trauma patients met inclusion criteria. Intraclass correlation coefficients were as follows: GCS 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37, 1.12); HR 0.41 (95% CI, 0.30, 0.53); SBP 0.37 (95% CI, 0.27, 0.46); and RR 0.29 (95% CI, 0.06, 0.51). Bland–Altman derived 95% limits of agreement lay outside a priori limits of clinical agreement for SBP and RR and were within limits of clinical agreement for GCS and HR. SBP and HR differences were associated with prehospital airway and fluid intervention.ConclusionsAgreement was demonstrated between EMS and ED GCS scores but not RR and SBP recordings. Discrepancies appeared to reflect physiological changes in response to EMS initiated interventions. Trauma triage algorithms and risk models might need to take these measurement differences, and factors associated with them, into account.