bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal exposure to combustion generated PM inhibits pulmonary Th1 maturation and concomitantly enhances postnatal asthma development in offspring
Authors: Wang Pingli , You Dahui , Saravia Jordy , Shen Huahao , Cormier Stephania A 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies suggest that maternal exposure to environmental hazards, such as particulate matter, is associated with increased incidence of asthma in childhood. We hypothesized that maternal exposure to combustion derived ultrafine particles containing persistent free radicals (MCP230) disrupts the development of the infant immune system and results in aberrant immune responses to allergens and enhances asthma severity.MethodsPregnant C57/BL6 mice received MCP230 or saline by oropharyngeal aspiration on gestational days 10 and 17. Three days after the second administration, blood was collected from MCP230 or saline treated dams and 8-isoprostanes in the serum were measured to assess maternal oxidative stress. Pulmonary T cell populations were assayed in the infant mice at six days, three and six weeks of postnatal age. When the infant mice matured to adults (i.e. six weeks of age), an asthma model was established with ovalbumin (OVA). Airway inflammation, mucus production and airway hyperresponsiveness were then examined.ResultsMaternal exposure to MCP230 induced systemic oxidative stress. The development of pulmonary T helper (Th1/Th2/Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) cells were inhibited in the infant offspring from MCP230-exposed dams. As the offspring matured, the development of Th2 and Treg cells recovered and eventually became equivalent to that of offspring from non-exposed dams. However, Th1 and Th17 cells remained attenuated through 6 weeks of age. Following OVA sensitization and challenge, mice from MCP230-exposed dams exhibited greater airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia and pulmonary Th2 responses compared to offspring from non-exposed dams.ConclusionsOur data suggest that maternal exposure to MCP230 enhances postnatal asthma development in mice, which might be related to the inhibition of pulmonary Th1 maturation and systemic oxidative stress in the dams.
High-Risk Medulloblastoma: A Pediatric Oncology Group Randomized Trial of Chemotherapy Before or After Radiation Therapy (POG 9031)
Authors: Tarbell Nancy J. , Friedman Henry , Polkinghorn William R. , Yock Torunn , Zhou Tianni , Chen Zhengjia , Burger Peter , Barnes Patrick , Kun Larry 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To compare event-free survival (EFS) in children with high-risk medulloblastoma randomly assigned to receive either chemotherapy before radiation or chemotherapy after radiation. Patients and Methods One hundred twelve patients were randomly assigned to each arm. Criteria used to categorize patients as high risk included M1-4 disease by modified Chang staging classification, T3b/T4 disease, or greater than 1.5 cm3 of residual tumor after surgery. Postoperatively, children with high-risk medulloblastoma were randomly assigned to two arms, either chemotherapy entailing three cycles of cisplatin and etoposide before radiation (chemotherapy first [CT1]) or the same chemotherapy regimen after radiation (radiation therapy first [RT1]). Both groups received consolidation chemotherapy consisting of vincristine and cyclophosphamide. Results The median follow-up time was 6.4 years. Five-year EFS was 66.0% in the CT1 arm and 70.0% in the RT1 arm (P = .54), and 5-year overall survival in the two groups was 73.1% and 76.1%, respectively (P = .47). In the CT1 arm, 40 of the 62 patients with residual disease achieved either complete or partial remission. Conclusion Five-year EFS did not differ significantly whether, after surgery, patients received chemotherapy before or after radiotherapy.
Phase I Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of Pazopanib in Children With Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Other Refractory Solid Tumors: A Children's Oncology Group Phase I Consortium Report
Authors: Glade Bender Julia L. , Lee Alice , Reid Joel M. , Baruchel Sylvain , Roberts Timothy , Voss Stephan D. , Wu Bing , Ahern Charlotte H. , Ingle Ashish M. , Harris Pamela , Weigel Brenda J. , Blaney Susan M. 
Published: July 2013

Purpose Pazopanib, an oral multikinase angiogenesis inhibitor, prolongs progression-free survival in adults with soft tissue sarcoma (STS). A phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of two formulations of pazopanib was performed in children with STS or other refractory solid tumors. Patients and Methods Pazopanib (tablet formulation) was administered once daily in 28-day cycles at four dose levels (275 to 600 mg/m2) using the rolling-six design. Dose determination for a powder suspension was initiated at 50% of the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) for the intact tablet. Ten patients with STS underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) scanning at baseline and 15 ± 2 days after initiation of pazopanib at the tablet MTD. Results Fifty-three patients were enrolled; 51 were eligible (26 males; median age, 12.9 years; range, 3.8 to 23.9 years). Hematologic and nonhematologic toxicities were generally mild, with dose-limiting lipase, amylase, and ALT elevation, proteinuria, and hypertension. One patient with occult brain metastasis had grade 4 intracranial hemorrhage. The MTD was 450 mg/m2 for tablet and 160 mg/m2 for suspension. Steady-state trough concentrations were reached by day 15 and did not seem to be dose dependent. One patient each with hepatoblastoma or desmoplastic small round cell tumor achieved a partial response; eight patients had stable disease for ≥ six cycles, seven of whom had sarcoma. All patients with evaluable DCE-MRI (n = 8) experienced decreases in tumor blood volume and permeability (P < .01). Placental growth factor increased, whereas endoglin and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 decreased (P < .01; n = 41). Conclusion Pazopanib is well tolerated in children, with evidence of antiangiogenic effect and potential clinical benefit in pediatric sarcoma.
Photovoltaic Properties of OPV Devices Using cis- and trans-2,5-Diarylfulleropyrrolidines as Acceptor Partners with P3HT on an ITO Electrode with or without PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Yoshimura Ken , Sugawara Kiyotaka , Sakumichi Shigeki , Matsumoto Kei , Uetani Yasunori , Hayase Shuichi , Nokami Toshiki , Itoh Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Three types of 2,5-diarylfulleropyrrolidine derivatives, i.e., 2,5-diphenyl, 2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl), and 2,5-di(thiophen-3-yl)fulleropyrrolidines were used as acceptor molecules with P3HT of OPV devices using two types of ITO electrodes. Their PCE depended on both the stereochemistry and nature of the two aryl substituents at the 2,5-positions of the pyrrolidine ring: the PCE of the devices using trans-diphenyl or both cis- and trans-di(thiophen-3-yl) compounds were significantly lowered by using an ITO electrode with PEDOT:PSS, while the cis-diphenyl isomer was not influenced by PSS. Furthermore, both cis- and trans-2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)fulleropyrrolidine displayed high PCE using PEDOT:PSS.
Noninvasive Prenatal Methylomic Analysis by Genomewide Bisulfite Sequencing of Maternal Plasma DNA
Authors: Lun Fiona MF , Chiu Rossa WK , Sun Kun , Leung Tak Y , Jiang Peiyong , Chan KC Allen , Sun Hao , Lo YM Dennis 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDEpigenetic mechanisms play an important role in prenatal development, but fetal tissues are not readily accessible. Fetal DNA molecules are present in maternal plasma and can be analyzed noninvasively.METHODSWe applied genomewide bisulfite sequencing via 2 approaches to analyze the methylation profile of maternal plasma DNA at single-nucleotide resolution. The first approach used maternal blood samples and polymorphic differences between the mother and fetus to analyze the fetal methylome across the genome. The second approach used the methylation profile of maternal blood cells and the fractional fetal DNA concentration in maternal plasma to deduce the placental methylomic profile from maternal plasma DNA-sequencing data.RESULTSBecause of the noninvasive nature of these approaches, we were able to serially assess the methylation profiles of fetal, placental, and maternal plasma with maternal blood samples collected in the first and third trimesters and after delivery. Gestation-related changes were observed. The fetal methylation profile deduced from maternal plasma data resembled that of the placental methylome, both on a genomewide level and per CpG site. Imprinted genes and differentially methylated regions were identified from the maternal plasma data. We demonstrated one potential clinical application of maternal plasma bisulfite sequencing with the successful detection of fetal trisomy 21.CONCLUSIONSWe successfully analyzed fetal and placental methylomes on a genomewide scale, noninvasively and serially. This development offers a powerful method for research, biomarker discovery, and clinical testing for pregnancy-related disorders.
British press representations of Yasser Arafat’s funeral
Authors: Thomas Lisa 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The global symbol of the Palestinian liberation movement for over four decades, the death of Palestinian President Yasser Arafat from sudden multiple organ failure in a military hospital near Paris on 11 November 2004 generated extensive, and at times conflicting, international media coverage. Arafat’s state funeral began with a French presidential ceremony near Paris, followed by a funeral procession that took place in Cairo on 12 November 2004. Later that day, Arafat’s coffin was returned to Ramallah in the West Bank for interment. This article analyses representations of Arafat’s funeral in ten British national newspapers, all of which were published on 13 November 2004. Located within the wider paradigm of orientalist interpretations of Middle Eastern socio-political events, and taking British press coverage of Arafat’s funeral as an example, this study reveals how the media discourse serves positively to reinforce ‘familiar’ British cultural norms and values, whilst negatively devaluing and demonizing Palestinians and/or Arabs and Muslims. Moreover, it contends that the predominantly unfavourable coverage of Arafat’s funeral in the majority of British newspapers led to no subsequent change in the framing of Palestinians, and was arguably a continuity of the conventionally negative representation of the Palestinian narrative in the British media.
Beyond anthropomorphism: Odissi and the botanical
Authors: Gardner Sally 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Drawing on experiences that have entailed watching and learning forms of so-called ‘Indian dance’ (Bharata Natyam and Odissi), and watching Odissi dancers performing in various locations in Orissa’s ‘sacred triangle’ (Puri, Konark, Bhubaneswar), and against my own background in contemporary dance, I propose that the difference of the Odissi body is that the dancer dances with his or her feet in more than one kingdom – that is, he or she maintains a link between human bodies and the bodies of plants. Such a perception can help to displace questions of the dancer’s spatiality and representations, challenging western or westernized visions of the industrial or mechanical body, assumed hierarchies of body parts and their signifying powers, and assumptions about the role of the joints. The sense of a botanical imaginary or specific cultural body-schema at work in Odissi dance is supported by discussion of historical and ethnographic literature pertaining to the (former) female dancers of the Jagannath Temple in Puri; the temple’s links with Oriyan tribal cultures; the dancers’ traditional importance according to an axis of social auspiciousness/inauspiciousness as opposed to social purity/impurity; and the particular processes of the reconstruction of Odissi dance (separate from that of Bharata natyam) after independence.
Subversive bodies: Feminism and New Dance in India
Authors: Purkayastha Prarthana 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article explores how the Indian navanritya or ‘New Dance’ body, as crafted by choreographers Manjusri Chaki Sircar and Ranjabati Sircar, provided an alternative to the hegemonic representation of femininity in Indian classical dance. The Sircars’ feminist ideology-driven rebuttal of institutional and patriarchal dance pedagogy and praxis produced local critiques of cultural nationalism in and through the dancing body. This article discusses how these new bodies, shaped by a simultaneous eschewal and espousal of Indian cultural legacy, produce a complex picture of negotiation, one in which dialectical relationships between culture and the bodies that are situated within it are seen to emerge.
Welcome to Thebes: Process and methodology of intercultural theatre
Authors: Ruth Annie 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Community, purpose, context and an anchored presence in encountering difference – these are qualities stimulated by tikanga Māori frameworks as an approach to theatre. Viewpoints-based choreography contributes attention to time and space, playfulness, and ensemble connection. Both value the audience’s contribution as an integral part of the work through the immediacy of a real-time meeting. Together they provide a framework for setting up a dialogical performance environment in which a cast, drawn from all over India, are able to bring their traditions, psychologies, gestural languages and beliefs into the work. The choreographic approach allows extant text and body text an independence that is constantly negotiated, constantly changing and surprising. These frameworks hold a combination of the artistically fixed and the improvisationally free. Both encourage agency in all collaborators. These qualities make them powerful and repeatable tools for engagement with the present. They treat the audience as participating guests, moving their engagement from passive to active. The effect of this framing is performance that is filled with a sense of ‘alive-li-ness’ in an approach that is applicable in the Indian context.
The transcultural body: Kolkata re-membered
Authors: Ward Nigel 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article explores the tensions that surround the effort to make intercultural performance. In particular it draws on the author’s experience of making a cross-cultural devised theatre project for the British Council in India, working with Indian performers and largely western devising techniques. This is contextualized by a discussion of the work of some key practitioners in this area, such as Eugenio Barba, Jerzy Grotowski and Tatsumi Hijikata. Barba’s notion of ‘travellers of speed’ is discussed, as is the critique of such ideas by Phiip Zarilli, among others. The attempt to make a performance space that transcends culture is contrasted with the experience of making performance in a context where cultural specificity is written through every aspect of the work and expresses itself within the bodies of the performers themselves.
Strengths and weaknesses of Bogotá as an innovation hub: Towards the governance of the regional innovation system
Authors: Contreras Maria , Pineda Leonardo , Egade C. Scheel 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Bogotá is facing constraints implemented in order to strengthen its innovation capabilities and to institutionalize itself as a Regional Innovation System (RIS). Even though the city has the largest number of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), research institutions, and technological development centres in Colombia, it is not yet positioned as an RIS. It will be necessary to do an organizational redesign in terms of the entities that comprise Bogotá and thereof its governance.
The main key players of each environment were identified based on the primary role played by the different system elements. A comparative analysis was developed over time (evolution) and space (with other countries and levels of excellence) of some successful innovation cities through a methodology called Innovacities. This methodology allowed for identification of the size of the backlog confronted by the city at the frontier of technological development worldwide and the most critical factors needed to generate the breakthrough innovations to achieve world-class level.
Using innovation research to achieve sustainability in urban developments: The case of Masdar
Authors: Baydoun Mohammad 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The aim of this article is to explore how research on innovation can be used in order to achieve principles of sustainability in urban developments using the case of ‘Masdar’, the first sustainable and research-driven city in the region of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The selected case study was analysed in order to reveal its strengths and weaknesses in achieving principles of sustainability. This research is of particular importance in the context of GCC countries as a number of these countries are considering developing sustainable cities that foster research related to innovation and technology and promote reduction in energy consumption.
Impact of relaxation training according to the Yoga In Daily Life® system on anxiety after breast cancer surgery
Authors: Kovačič Tine , Zagoričnik Miha , Kovačič Miha 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study was to gather information on the immediate and short-term effects of relaxation training according to the Yoga In Daily Life® (YIDL®) system on anxiety of breast cancer patients. The YIDL® system is a holistic system being practised and taught worldwide and has been proven to be highly effective in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. The system aims to establish physical, mental, spiritual, and social health. Thirty-two patients at the Institute for Oncology Ljubljana were randomized to the experimental (n=16) and to the control groups (n=16). Both groups received the same standard physiotherapy for 1 week, while the experimental group additionally received 1-hour group relaxation training session according to the YIDL® system per day. At discharge, the experimental group was issued with audiocassette recordings containing similar instructions for relaxation training to be practiced for 3 weeks individually at home. Anxiety measures were obtained by blinded assessors using standardized questionnaires. The results indicate that relaxation training according to the YIDL® system could be a useful clinical physiotherapy intervention for breast cancer patients experiencing anxiety.
Erwin Rommel
Authors: Lieb Peter 
Published: July 2013

Vorspann
Wer war Erwin Rommel? Hitlers Lieblingsgeneral und überzeugter Nationalsozialist oder ein ritterlich kämpfender Offizier alter Schule, der letztlich sogar den Weg in den Widerstand gefunden hat und dafür 1944 mit seinem Leben bezahlen musste? Diese Fragen sind immer wieder gestellt, kontrovers diskutiert, aber bis heute nicht abschließend beantwortet worden. Peter Lieb setzt sich kritisch mit der biographischen Literatur auseinander, nimmt die wichtigsten Stationen von Rommels militärischer Karriere im Lichte der einschlägigen Quellen in den Blick und kommt schließlich zu einem ebenso differenzierten wie überraschenden Urteil.
The impact of low triiodothyronine levels on mortality is mediated by malnutrition and cardiac dysfunction in incident hemodialysis patients
Authors: Koo Hyang Mo , Kim Chan Ho , Doh Fa Mee , Lee Mi Jung , Kim Eun Jin , Han Jae Hyun , Han Ji Suk , Oh Hyung Jung , Han Seung Hyeok , Yoo Tae-Hyun , Kang Shin-Wook 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveLittle is known about the impact of low triiodothyronine (T3) levels on mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients starting hemodialysis (HD) and whether this impact is mediated by malnutrition, inflammation, or cardiac dysfunction.Design and methodsA prospective cohort of 471 incident HD patients from 36 dialysis centers within the Clinical Research Center for ESRD in Korea was selected for this study. Based on the median value of T3, patients were divided into ‘higher’ and ‘lower’ groups, and all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality rates were compared. In addition, associations between T3levels and various nutritional, inflammatory, and echocardiographic parameters were determined.ResultsCompared with those in the ‘higher’ T3group, albumin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, lean body mass estimated by creatinine kinetics (LBM-Cr), and normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) were significantly lower in patients with ‘lower’ T3levels. The ‘lower’ T3group also had a higher left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and a lower ejection fraction (EF). Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed significant associations between T3levels and nutritional and echocardiographic parameters. All-cause and CV mortality rates were significantly higher in patients with ‘lower’ T3levels than in the ‘higher’ T3group (113.4 vs 18.2 events per 1000 patient-years,P<0.001, and 49.8 vs 9.1 events per 1000 patient-years,P=0.001, respectively). The Kaplan–Meier analysis also showed significantly worse cumulative survival rates in the ‘lower’ T3group (P<0.001). In the Cox regression analysis, low T3was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality even after adjusting for traditional risk factors (hazard ratio=3.76,P=0.021). However, the significant impact of low T3on all-cause mortality disappeared when LBM-Cr, nPCR, LVMI, or EF were incorporated into the models.ConclusionLow T3has an impact on all-cause mortality in incident HD patients, partly via malnutrition and cardiac dysfunction.
Characteristics of Pain in Children and Youth With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Penner Melanie , Xie Wen Yan , Binepal Navneet , Switzer Lauren , Fehlings Darcy 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVES:
Pain in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is underrecognized, undertreated, and negatively affects quality of life. Communication challenges and multiple pain etiologies complicate diagnosis and treatment. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the impact of pain on activities and to identify the common physician-identified causes of pain in children and youth ages 3 to 19 years across all levels of severity of CP.

METHODS:
The study design was cross-sectional, whereby children/youth aged 3 to 19 years and their families were consecutively recruited. The primary caregivers were asked to complete a one-time questionnaire, including the Health Utilities Index 3 pain subset, about the presence and characteristics of pain. The treating physician was asked to identify the presence of pain and provide a clinical diagnosis for the pain, if applicable.

RESULTS:
The response rate was 92%. Of 252 participants, 54.8% reported some pain on the Health Utilities Index 3, with 24.4% of the caregivers reporting that their child experienced pain that affected some level of activities in the preceding 2 weeks. Physicians reported pain in 38.7% and identified hip dislocation/subluxation, dystonia, and constipation as the most frequent causes of pain.

CONCLUSIONS:
One-quarter of our sample experienced pain that limited activities and participation. Clinicians should be aware that hip subluxation/dislocation and dystonia were the most common causes of pain in children/youth with CP in this study. Potential causes of pain should be identified and addressed early to mitigate the negative impact of pain on quality of life.