bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent Roles of PAX2 in the Etiology and Progression of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Al-Hujaily Ensaf M. , Tang Yong , Yao De-Sheng , Carmona Euridice , Garson Kenneth , Vanderhyden Barbara C. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
PAX2 is an essential transcription factor for development. Aberrant PAX2 expression in adult tissues is associated with carcinogenesis and experimental evidence shows that PAX2 generally exhibits oncogenic properties. Although PAX2 is not expressed in normal ovaries, it is highly expressed in low malignant potential and low-grade epithelial ovarian tumors, suggesting that PAX2 induction in ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) may contribute to transformation. Herein, we provide evidence that expression of PAX2 in normal murine OSE cells (mOSE) enhances their proliferation and survival and, with loss of p53, induces tumorigenicity. PAX2 expression in murine ovarian cancer cells enhanced or inhibited tumorigenicity, depending on the model system. In RM cells (mOSE transformed by K-RAS and c-MYC), PAX2 expression inhibited p53 and induced pERK1/2 and COX2, resulting in enhanced angiogenesis and decreased apoptosis of tumors arising from these cells. However, in a murine model of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (STOSE), PAX2 expression improved animal survival by reducing proliferation and metastasis, which correlated with increased Htra1 and decreased COX2. Thus, PAX2 may not be a classical oncogene or tumor suppressor but instead can act in either role by differential regulation of COX2 and/or HTRA1. Cancer Prev Res; 8(12); 1163–73. ©2015 AACR.
Effect of Extended‐Release Niacin on High‐Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Functionality, Lipoprotein Metabolism, and Mediators of Vascular Inflammation in Statin‐Treated Patients
Authors: Yadav Rahul , Liu Yifen , Kwok See , Hama Salam , France Michael , Eatough Ruth , Pemberton Phil , Schofield Jonathan , Siahmansur Tarza J. , Malik Rayaz , Ammori Basil A. , Issa Basil , Younis Naveed , Donn Rachelle , Stevens Adam , Durrington Paul , Soran Handrean 
Published: September 2015

Background

The aim of this study was to explore the influence of extended‐release niacin/laropiprant (
ERN
/
LRP
) versus placebo on high‐density lipoprotein (
HDL
) antioxidant function, cholesterol efflux, apolipoprotein B100 (apoB)‐containing lipoproteins, and mediators of vascular inflammation associated with 15% increase in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (
HDL
‐C). Study patients had persistent dyslipidemia despite receiving high‐dose statin treatment.

Methods and Results

In a randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial, we compared the effect of
ERN
/
LRP
with placebo in 27 statin‐treated dyslipidemic patients who had not achieved National Cholesterol Education Program‐
ATP III
targets for low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (
LDL
‐C). We measured fasting lipid profile, apolipoproteins, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (
CETP
) activity, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, small dense
LDL
apoB (sd
LDL
‐apoB), oxidized
LDL
(ox
LDL
), glycated apoB (glyc‐apoB), lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (Lp‐
PLA
2), lysophosphatidyl choline (lyso‐
PC
), macrophage chemoattractant protein (
MCP
1), serum amyloid A (
SAA
) and myeloperoxidase (
MPO
). We also examined the capacity of
HDL
to protect
LDL
from
in vitro
oxidation and the percentage cholesterol efflux mediated by apoB depleted serum.
ERN
/
LRP
was associated with an 18% increase in
HDL
‐C levels compared to placebo (1.55 versus 1.31 mmol/L,
P
<0.0001). There were significant reductions in total cholesterol, triglycerides,
LDL
cholesterol, total serum apoB, lipoprotein (a),
CETP
activity, ox
LDL
, Lp‐
PLA
2, lyso‐
PC
,
MCP
1, and
SAA
, but no significant changes in glyc‐apoB or sd
LDL
‐apoB concentration. There was a modest increase in cholesterol efflux function of
HDL
(19.5%,
P
=0.045), but no change in the antioxidant capacity of HDL
in vitro
or
PON
1 activity.

Conclusions

ERN
/
LRP
reduces
LDL
‐associated mediators of vascular inflammation, but has varied effects on
HDL
functionality and
LDL
quality, which may counter its
HDL
‐C‐raising effect.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01054508.
A Comparison of Economic and Social Implications of Rapid Urbanization in Lima and Santiago de Chile
Authors: Carpenter Ann , Quispe-Agnoli Myriam 
Published: September 2015

Peru and Chile have experienced an economic boom in recent decades that has transformed the urban form of their respective capital cities of Lima and Santiago. According to United Nations data, Lima and Santiago numbered just over one million inhabitants each in 1950. From 1950 to 2010 Lima’s population grew 740 percent and Santiago 351 percent, to 8.95 million inhabitants in Lima and 5.96 million in Santiago, part of a corresponding migration from rural to urban areas throughout Latin America. In this period, the urban form of each city was modified to accommodate growth.
Urban development has been typified by densification of the core, agricultural land conversion, and a rise in informal settlements (barriadas or pueblos jóvenes in Lima and callampas in Santiago). In both Lima and Santiago, fragmented, polycentric growth has had transformative effects.
The paper compares social, economic, and urban form indicators of urban sub-units in each city to understand the spatial and social connotations of growth and centrality in two South American cities. Given the largely unimpeded growth and resultant urban form, is decentralization a means for increasing access to amenities and citizen participation or is the lack of regional planning detrimental to vulnerable populations?
Passive Suppression of South African Rainfall by the Agulhas Current
Authors: Jury Mark R. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This study reconsiders the role of the Agulhas Current in South African climate variability. Here, the Agulhas Current is delimited by its anticyclonic looping flow and cluster analysis of detrended SST anomalies that lead to an area 28°–37°S, 18°–35°E, poleward of South Africa. Regression of detrended Agulhas SST with rainfall anomaly fields in the years 1950–2012 yields a surprising negative influence over the interior. In summer, the negative regression exhibits a northwest axis consistent with reduced cloud band activity. Positive influence is confined to the eastern escarpment in the September–November season when cutoff lows are prevalent. The overall negative influence of the Agulhas SST is confirmed by regression with the vegetation fraction and latent heat flux in the satellite era.
Mechanisms of South African rainfall suppression were investigated. The Agulhas SST index is positively related to the multivariate ENSO index at the 1–3-month lead time. Hence, warm years in the Agulhas Current follow Pacific El Niño. Composite ocean analysis shows enhanced westerly winds offshore and a westward extension of warm salty water from the anticyclonic south Indian Ocean gyre. Composite atmospheric analysis exhibits moist uplifted air over the Agulhas Current folding into an equatorward circulation that sinks over the interior plateau. Because Agulhas SST partially follows ENSO, its suppression of interior rainfall is concluded to be passive.
Integrated Optimal Fingerprinting: Method Description and Illustration
Authors: Hannart Alexis 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe present paper introduces and illustrates methodological developments intended for so-called optimal fingerprinting methods, which are of frequent use in detection and attribution studies. These methods used to involve three independent steps: preliminary reduction of the dimension of the data, estimation of the covariance associated to internal climate variability, and, finally, linear regression inference with associated uncertainty assessment. It is argued that such a compartmentalized treatment presents several issues; an integrated method is thus introduced to address them. The suggested approach is based on a single-piece statistical model that represents both linear regression and control runs. The unknown covariance is treated as a nuisance parameter that is eliminated by integration. This allows for the introduction of regularization assumptions. Point estimates and confidence intervals follow from the integrated likelihood. Further, it is shown that preliminary dimension reduction is not required for implementability and that computational issues associated to using the raw, high-dimensional, spatiotemporal data can be resolved quite easily. Results on simulated data show improved performance compared to existing methods w.r.t. both estimation error and accuracy of confidence intervals and also highlight the need for further improvements regarding the latter. The method is illustrated on twentieth-century precipitation and surface temperature, suggesting a potentially high informational benefit of using the raw, nondimension-reduced data in detection and attribution (D&A), provided model error is appropriately built into the inference.
Observations of Interannual Equatorial Freshwater Jets in the Western Pacific
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Clarke Allan J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObservations of TRITON moored array salinity and temperature in the very wet western equatorial Pacific at 137°E, 147°E, and 156°E since the late 1990s reveal the importance of rainfall to the interannual flow and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics. Past work has shown that in this region a fresher surface isohaline layer is embedded in a thicker isothermal layer. Array estimates of dynamic height relative to the 50–70-m isothermal layer depth (ILD) indicate a near-surface salinity-driven contribution to the monthly sea level anomaly that is uncorrelated with, and smaller than, monthly anomalous sea surface height (SSH) estimated from altimeter data. Despite the smaller size of , its meridional gradient dominates the total sea level meridional gradient. Thus, the corresponding shallow equatorially trapped interannual freshwater jet dominates the near-surface zonal interannual flow. This jetlike flow has a meridional scale of only about 2°–3° of latitude, an amplitude of 23 cm s−1, and is associated with the zonal back and forth displacement of the western equatorial warm/fresh pool that is fundamental to El Niño. The jet is not directly forced by the interannual freshwater surface flux but rather by wind stress anomalies that are mostly east of the warm/fresh pool edge during La Niña and mostly west of it during El Niño. A conceptual coupled ocean–atmosphere instability model is proposed to understand these observations. Calculations show that Aquarius satellite sea surface salinity (SSS) data match the TRITON in situ data well and that the satellite SSS can be used to estimate , and hence , geostrophically.
Fortnightly Variation in the Bottom Thermal Front and Associated Circulation in a Semienclosed Sea
Authors: Yu Xiaojie , Guo Xinyu , Takeoka Hidetaka 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSummer hydrographic data from 1971 to 2000 demonstrate the presence of bottom cold water (BCW) and a bottom thermal front around the BCW in a semienclosed sea in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan. The horizontal gradient of water temperature across the bottom front was larger in neap tide than in spring tide, which is the opposite the pattern observed in the fortnightly variations in other areas (e.g., the Irish Sea). A numerical model for the Inland Sea reproduced the presence of BCW and a bottom front as well as the same fortnightly variation in the horizontal gradient of water temperature across the bottom front as in observational data. Being the same BCW as those in other areas, the presence of BCW in the Inland Sea is also caused by spatial variation in tidal mixing. The intensification of the bottom front in neap tide in the Inland Sea results from a combination of tidal mixing and horizontal advection of warm water to the BCW. The presence of a bottom residual current in the direction across the bottom front results in the horizontal advection of warm water to the BCW, and its fortnightly variation is responsible for the fortnightly variation of the bottom front in the Inland Sea. The presence of the BCW induces a surface cyclonic circulation in the direction approximately along the bottom front; the intensification and weakening of the bottom front with the spring–neap tidal cycle, combined with the fortnightly variation in the bottom boundary layer thickness, produce a slightly stronger surface cyclonic circulation in neap tide than in spring tide.
Volume and Freshwater Flux Observations from Nares Strait to the West of Greenland at Daily Time Scales from 2003 to 2009
Authors: Münchow Andreas 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTime series observations of velocity, salinity, pressure, and ice draft provide estimates of advective fluxes in Nares Strait from 2003 to 2009 at daily to interannual time scales. Velocity and salinity are integrated across the 36-km-wide and 350-m-deep channel for two distinct multiyear periods of sea ice cover. These observations indicate multiyear mean fluxes that range from 0.71 ± 0.09 to 1.03 ± 0.11 Sverdrups (Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1 = 31 536 km3 yr−1) for volume and from 32 ± 5.7 to 54 ± 9.3 mSv (1 mSv ≡ 103 m3 s−1) for oceanic freshwater relative to a salinity of 34.8 for the first (2003–06) and second (2007–09) periods, respectively. Advection of ice adds another 8 ± 2 mSv or 260 ± 70 km3 yr−1 to the freshwater export. Flux values are larger when the sea ice is mobile all year. About 75% of the oceanic volume and freshwater flux variability is correlated at daily to interannual time scales. Flux variability peaks at a 20-day time scale and correlates strongly with along-channel pressure gradients (r2 = 0.68). The along-channel pressure gradient peaks in early spring when the sea ice is often motionless with higher sea level in the Arctic that drives the generally southward ocean circulation. Local winds contribute only when the sea ice is mobile, when they explain 60% of its variance (r2 = 0.60). Observed annual to interannual change in the duration of motionless sea ice conditions impacts ocean stratification and freshwater flux, while seasonal variations are small.
Mesoscale Vortex Development during Extreme Precipitation: Colorado, September 2013
Authors: Morales Annareli , Schumacher Russ S. , Kreidenweis Sonia M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
On 11–12 September 2013, portions of northern Colorado experienced flash flooding as a result of high rain rates accumulating over 180 mm of rain in 6 h. From 0400 to 0700 UTC 12 September a mesovortex was observed traveling northwestward toward the city of Boulder, Colorado, with enhanced upslope flow on its north side and localized deep convection. Although the mesovortex was observed in an area common for lee vortex formation, namely that associated with the Denver Cyclone, it is shown via ARW model simulations that the mesovortex intensified through the release of latent heat, similar to the processes leading to mesoscale convective vortices, rather than by dry topographic-flow dynamics. High rates of cloud water condensation at relatively low altitudes led to a strong vertical gradient in latent heating, resulting in a near-surface positive potential vorticity anomaly. Reducing the contribution of cloud water condensation to latent heating by 50% resulted in no mesovortex development in the model and a substantial decrease in precipitation. On the other hand, removing the topographical forcing in the model did not inhibit the mesovortex formation, confirming the secondary role of topography. The mesovortex enhanced upslope winds and convection, and was thus a key feature in the generation of intense precipitation over Boulder. The ability to forecast the development of these mesovortices and their subsequent environmental and hydrological effects could be critical for decision-makers and the public, given their association with high rainfall rates.
Evaluation of human papilloma virus communicative education strategies: A pilot screening study for cervical cancer
Authors: Barrera-Clavijo Lizeth K , Wiesner-Ceballos Carolina , Rincón-Martínez Lina M 
Published: September 2015

Background: High-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) is highly prevalent in sexually active men and women; HR-HPV has been classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) and as a necessary, but not sufficient, causal agent for cervical cancer. Women who test positive for HPV often experience serious psychosocial consequences such as fear, shame, fatalism and stigmatisation, as the result of popular perceptions of questionable moral and sexual conduct. To improve this situation, public health sector HPV communication and education strategies need to be improved. Objective: To evaluate the HPV communicative education strategies used in a pilot study for cervical cancer screening in Colombia using the HPV DNA test. Methodology: Analytic, qualitative research involving 10 focus groups (FGs) with women 30–65 years of age, grouped according to their test results (positive or negative) and age (younger or older than 50 years). Women participated in HPV communication and educational activities which included radio announcements, cartoon novel story books, flip charts and face-to-face communication. Content analysis of FGs discussions was conducted. Results: After participating in HPV communication and education activities, women were unable to differentiate clearly between infection and disease. HPV-negative women classified HPV as dangerous, primarily due to the vaccine communication strategies. The most remembered media were the cartoon novel story books, from which women were able to recall more details about the love story content than about the natural history of HPV. HPV-positive women felt afraid and fatalistic regarding their own HPV infection; face-to-face communication alleviated their anxiety and helped them recognise an HPV-positive report as good news. Conclusion: High-quality HPV vaccine communication strategies need to be implemented alongside screening messages. Face-to-face communication proved to be the most effective strategy for reducing the burden of stigmatisation among HPV-positive women, but timing is an essential component of communication.
A systematic review of the evidence on home care reablement services
Authors: Legg Lynn , Gladman John , Drummond Avril , Davidson Alex 
Published: September 2015

Objective: To determine whether publically funded ‘reablement services’ have any effect on patient health or use of services. Design: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies in which reablement interventions were compared with no care or usual care in people referred to public-funded personal care services. Data sources included: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EPOC register of studies, trials registers, Medline, EMBASE, and CINHAL. Searches were from 2000 up to end February 2015. Setting: Not applicable. Participants: Investigators’ definition of the target population for reablement interventions. Main outcome measures: Use of publically funded personal care services and dependence in personal activities of daily living. Results: We found no studies fulfilling our inclusion criteria that assessed the effectiveness of reablement interventions. We did note the lack of an agreed understanding of the nature of reablement. Conclusions: Reablement is an ill-defined intervention targeted towards an ill-defined and potentially highly heterogeneous population/patient group. There is no evidence to suggest it is effective at either of its goals; increasing personal independence or reducing use of personal care services.
Phase 2 study of frontline brentuximab vedotin monotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma patients aged 60 years and older
Authors: Forero-Torres Andres , Holkova Beata , Goldschmidt Jerome , Chen Robert , Olsen Gregg , Boccia Ralph V. , Bordoni Rodolfo E. , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Sharman Jeff P. , Palanca-Wessels Maria Corinna , Wang Yinghui , Yasenchak Christopher A. 
Published: September 2015

Key Points
Frontline brentuximab vedotin monotherapy provided a 92% ORR and was generally well tolerated in elderly HL patients.
Clinical and inflammatory characteristics of the European U-BIOPRED adult severe asthma cohort
Authors: Shaw Dominick E. , Sousa Ana R. , Fowler Stephen J. , Fleming Louise J. , Roberts Graham , Corfield Julie , Pandis Ioannis , Bansal Aruna T. , Bel Elisabeth H. , Auffray Charles , Compton Chris H. , Bisgaard Hans , Bucchioni Enrica , Caruso Massimo , Chanez Pascal , Dahlén Barbro , Dahlen Sven-Erik , Dyson Kerry , Frey Urs , Geiser Thomas , Gerhardsson de Verdier Maria , Gibeon David , Guo Yi-ke , Hashimoto Simone , Hedlin Gunilla , Jeyasingham Elizabeth , Hekking Pieter-Paul W. , Higenbottam Tim , Horváth Ildikó , Knox Alan J. , Krug Norbert , Erpenbeck Veit J. , Larsson Lars X. , Lazarinis Nikos , Matthews John G. , Middelveld Roelinde , Montuschi Paolo , Musial Jacek , Myles David , Pahus Laurie , Sandström Thomas , Seibold Wolfgang , Singer Florian , Strandberg Karin , Vestbo Jorgen , Vissing Nadja , von Garnier Christophe , Adcock Ian M. , Wagers Scott , Rowe Anthony , Howarth Peter , Wagener Ariane H. , Djukanovic Ratko , Sterk Peter J. , Chung Kian Fan 
Published: September 2015

U-BIOPRED is a European Union consortium of 20 academic institutions, 11 pharmaceutical companies and six patient organisations with the objective of improving the understanding of asthma disease mechanisms using a systems biology approach.This cross-sectional assessment of adults with severe asthma, mild/moderate asthma and healthy controls from 11 European countries consisted of analyses of patient-reported outcomes, lung function, blood and airway inflammatory measurements.Patients with severe asthma (nonsmokers, n=311; smokers/ex-smokers, n=110) had more symptoms and exacerbations compared to patients with mild/moderate disease (n=88) (2.5 exacerbationsversus0.4 in the preceding 12 months; p<0.001), with worse quality of life, and higher levels of anxiety and depression. They also had a higher incidence of nasal polyps and gastro-oesophageal reflux with lower lung function. Sputum eosinophil count was higher in severe asthma compared to mild/moderate asthma (median count 2.99%versus1.05%; p=0.004) despite treatment with higher doses of inhaled and/or oral corticosteroids.Consistent with other severe asthma cohorts, U-BIOPRED is characterised by poor symptom control, increased comorbidity and airway inflammation, despite high levels of treatment. It is well suited to identify asthma phenotypes using the array of “omic” datasets that are at the core of this systems medicine approach.