bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of different reactive oxygen species in the skin during various laser therapies and their inhibition by fullerene
Authors: Fujimoto Takahiro , Ito Shinobu , Ito Masayuki , Kanazawa Hideko , Yamaguchi Shigeru 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the mechanisms of laser irradiation in the skin, and there are beneficial and detrimental aspects to this reaction. Detrimental side effects after laser treatments, such as redness and pigmentation, can be reduced by using anti‐oxidants.Materials and MethodsElectron spin resonance (ESR) analysis using a free radical trapping agent revealed that different free radicals, including hydroxyl (·OH) and superoxide anion (O) radicals, were generated in the skin of hairless mice by irradiation with intense pulsed light (IPL), plasma, and radio frequency lasers.ResultsGeneration of O and ·OH radicals was significantly inhibited in a dose‐dependent fashion by fullerene and fullerene did not have any pro‐oxidant effects as no radical adduct signal was detected. Although ROS can increase expression of COX‐2 mRNA, an inflammatory marker, laser‐induced COX‐2 expression was significantly suppressed by the antioxidant activity of fullerene. In addition, imaging analysis of human skin has shown that erythema‐associated redness caused by laser‐induced inflammation is inhibited by fullerene gel.ConclusionThese data suggest that laser‐induced inflammation is suppressed by the ROS‐scavenging activity of fullerene and that application of fullerene is effective against oxidative skin damage caused by laser irradiation. Thus, fullerene has potential as an after‐care therapy following laser irradiation of the skin. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 685–694, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
European approach to increasing organ donation: European Union donor card, presumed consent, and other innovations
Authors: Garcia-Valdecasas Juan C. 
Published: August 2012

Key Points
1. Liver transplantation has become the standard of care for terminal liver disease.
2. Unfortunately, liver transplantation has become the victim of its own success because the number of available donors is not meeting the growing demand for organs. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
Distal acquired demyelinating symmetric polyneuropathy progressing to classic chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and response to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide
Authors: Leitch Megan M. , Sherman William H. , Brannagan Thomas H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Distal acquired demyelinating symmetric polyneuropathy (DADS) is proposed as a distinct entity from classic chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Methods: We report a 58‐year‐old woman with DADS that progressed to a severe case of classic CIDP. Results: She had distal numbness and paresthesias, minimal distal weakness and impaired vibratory sensation. She had anti‐MAG antibodies, negative Western blot, and lacked a monoclonal gammopathy. There were prolonged distal motor latencies. She remained stable for 6 years until developing proximal and distal weakness. Nerve conduction studies showed multiple conduction blocks. She developed quadriparesis despite first‐line treatment for CIDP. She was started on cyclophosphamide and fludarabine. Twenty‐five months after receiving chemotherapy, she had only mild signs of neuropathy off all immunotherapy. Conclusions: DADS may progress to classic CIDP and is unlikely to be a separate disorder. Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide may be effective for refractory CIDP. Muscle Nerve, 2013
MLH1‐silenced and non‐silenced subgroups of hypermutated colorectal carcinomas have distinct mutational landscapes
Authors: Donehower Lawrence A , Creighton Chad J , Schultz Nikolaus , Shinbrot Eve , Chang Kyle , Gunaratne Preethi H , Muzny Donna , Sander Chris , Hamilton Stanley R , Gibbs Richard A , Wheeler David 
Published: August 2012

AbstractApproximately 15% of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) exhibit a hypermutated genotype accompanied by high levels of microsatellite instability (MSI‐H) and defects in DNA mismatch repair. These tumours, unlike the majority of colorectal carcinomas, are often diploid, exhibit frequent epigenetic silencing of the MLH1 DNA mismatch repair gene, and have a better clinical prognosis. As an adjunct study to The Cancer Genome Atlas consortium that recently analysed 224 colorectal cancers by whole exome sequencing, we compared the 35 CRCs (15.6%) with a hypermutated genotype to those with a non‐hypermutated genotype. We found that 22 (63%) of the hypermutated CRCs exhibited transcriptional silencing of the MLH1 gene, a high frequency of BRAF V600E gene mutations, and infrequent APC and KRAS mutations, a mutational pattern significantly different from their non‐hypermutated counterparts. However, the remaining 13 (37%) hypermutated CRCs lacked MLH1 silencing, contained tumours with the highest mutation rates (‘ultramutated’ CRCs), and exhibited higher incidences of APC and KRAS mutations, but infrequent BRAF mutations. These patterns were confirmed in an independent validation set of 250 exome‐sequenced CRCs. Analysis of mRNA and microRNA expression signatures revealed that hypermutated CRCs with MLH1 silencing had greatly reduced levels of WNT signalling and increased BRAF signalling relative to non‐hypermutated CRCs. Our findings suggest that hypermutated CRCs include one subgroup with fundamentally different pathways to malignancy than the majority of CRCs. Examination of MLH1 expression status and frequencies of APC, KRAS, and BRAF mutation in CRC may provide a useful diagnostic tool that could supplement the standard microsatellite instability assays and influence therapeutic decisions.
Micromechanics of semicrystalline polymers: Yield kinetics and long‐term failure
Authors: Sedighiamiri Amin , Govaert Leon E. , Kanters Marc J.W. , van Dommelen Johannes A.W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe process of plastic deformation in semicrystalline polymers is complicated due to the operation of a variety of mechanisms at different levels and is strongly dependent on their underlying microstructure. The objective of this work is to establish a quantitative relation between the microstructure and the mechanical performance of semicrystalline polymers, as characterized by elasto‐viscoplastic deformation. To do that, a micromechanically based constitutive model is used. The model describes the material as an aggregate of two‐phase layered composite inclusions, consisting of crystalline lamellae and amorphous layers. The starting point for adding quantitative abilities to the model, in particular for the yield kinetics, is formed by experimental observations on both the yield kinetics and the time‐to‐failure of polyethylene at different temperatures, which reveal the contribution of two relaxation processes. To predict the thermo‐rheologically complex short‐term and long‐term failure behavior, the crystallographic slip kinetics and the amorphous yield kinetics are re‐evaluated, and the Eyring flow rule is modified by adding a temperature shift function. To enable the prediction of both tension and compression, a non‐Schmid effect is added to the constitutive relation of each slip system. The creep behavior of polyethylene is then simulated directly using the multiscale, micromechanical model, predicting the time‐to‐failure, controlled by plastic deformation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Leadership succession and firm performance in an emerging economy: Successor origin, relational embeddedness, and legitimacy
Authors: Chung Chi‐Nien , Luo Xiaowei Rose 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe examine how leadership transition affects firm performance in emerging economies. Building upon the social embeddedness and neo‐institutional perspectives, we argue for the importance of alignment between successor origin and social context for firm performance. We suggest that as a baseline outside successors enhance firm profitability because of the large‐scale and rapid changes in emerging markets. However, this outsider premium is reduced in firms embedded in family and business group relationships, where family and inside successors can better access network resources. But the outsider premium is amplified in firms embedded in a mature market‐based logic, such as high tech or foreign invested firms, because the perceived legitimacy of outsiders facilitates resource acquisition. Our arguments are supported through the analysis of Taiwanese listed firms between 1996 and 2005. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remodeling of Endogenous Mammary Epithelium by Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Parashurama Natesh , Lobo Neethan A. , Ito Ken , Mosley Adriane R. , Habte Frezghi G. , Zabala Maider , Smith Bryan R. , Lam Jessica , Weissman Irving L. , Clarke Michael F. , Gambhir Sanjiv S. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Poorly regulated tissue remodeling results in increased breast cancer risk, yet how breast cancer stem cells (CSC) participate in remodeling is unknown. We performed in vivo imaging of changes in fluorescent, endogenous duct architecture as a metric for remodeling. First, we quantitatively imaged physiologic remodeling of primary branches of the developing and regenerating mammary tree. To assess CSC-specific remodeling events, we isolated CSC from MMTV-Wnt1 (mouse mammary tumor virus long-term repeat enhancer driving Wnt1 oncogene) breast tumors, a well studied model in which tissue remodeling affects tumorigenesis. We confirm that CSC drive tumorigenesis, suggesting a link between CSC and remodeling. We find that normal, regenerating, and developing gland maintain a specific branching pattern. In contrast, transplantation of CSC results in changes in the branching patterns of endogenous ducts while non-CSC do not. Specifically, in the presence of CSC, we identified an increased number of branches, branch points, ducts which have greater than 40 branches (5/33 for CSC and 0/39 for non-CSC), and histological evidence of increased branching. Moreover, we demonstrate that only CSC implants invade into surrounding stroma with structures similar to developing mammary ducts (nine for CSC and one for non-CSC). Overall, we demonstrate a novel approach for imaging physiologic and pathological remodeling. Furthermore, we identify unique, CSC-specific, remodeling events. Our data suggest that CSC interact with the microenvironment differently than non-CSC, and that this could eventually be a therapeutic approach for targeting CSC.
Bombus cullumanus—an extinct European bumblebee species?
Authors: Williams Paul H. , Byvaltsev Alexandr , Sheffield Cory , Rasmont Pierre 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBombus cullumanus s. str. has attracted some of the greatest conservation concerns among bumblebees in Europe because it might now be extinct. However, there has been long-standing disagreement about whether it is conspecific with other eastern pale-banded bumblebees. We investigate these relationships using new data from DNA (COI) barcodes. The results support a Nearcticrufocinctus-group (Bombus rufocinctus) and a Palaearcticcullumanus-group, the latter with just three species:Bombus semenoviellus, Bombus unicusandB. cullumanus s. l. (including several differently coloured taxa). We conclude that, although any persistingB. cullumanus cullumanus s. str. might be a regional conservation priority within Europe, nevertheless, because the species remains common elsewhere within its range in Asia, globally a higher conservation priority should be given toB. unicus, which is genetically more distinct and appears to have a much smaller population in the Russian Far East.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of obstetric patients admitted to the intensive care unit
Authors: Rios Fernando G. , Risso‐Vázquez Alejandro , Alvarez Javier , Vinzio Mauricio , Falbo Pablo , Rondinelli Natalia , Bienzobas Dario H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the reasons for admitting pregnant women to intensive care units (ICUs) in Buenos Aires, Argentina.MethodsThe admission diagnoses of pregnant women hospitalized over 2 years at 4 ICUs were retrospectively studied.ResultsDuring the studied period, 242 (3.9%) of the 6271 ICU patients were pregnant women, for an incidence of 8.1 per 1000 deliveries. The main reasons for admitting them at ICUs were hypertensive disorders, followed by postpartum hemorrhage and sepsis. More than a third (39.7%) was in a first pregnancy. The main nonobstetric reason for admission was pneumonia. The median pregnancy duration on admission was 36 weeks (range, 33–38 weeks) but it was less than 34 weeks for 66 (27.2%) of the women, 12.4% on whom required ventilation. Mortality was highest among those admitted for nonobstetric reasons (13.3% vs 0.5%; P < 0.05). The median stay for obstetric or nonobstetric conditions was 2 versus 5 days (range, 2–3 days vs 2–8 days) (P < 0.001).ConclusionPostpartum hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders were the most common reasons for admitting pregnant women to an ICU, followed by sepsis. Nonobstetric causes of admission were associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates.
Mediterranean diet and CHD: the Greek European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort
Authors: Dilis Vardis , Katsoulis Michail , Lagiou Pagona , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Naska Androniki , Trichopoulou Antonia 
Published: August 2012

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been reported to improve CHD prognosis and to be inversely associated with CHD mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of adherence to the MD with CHD incidence and mortality in the Greek European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, a population with traditional Mediterranean roots. In a general population sample of 23 929 adult men and women with no CVD or cancer at enrolment, a validated FFQ was interviewer-administered, sociodemographic, physical activity and other characteristics were recorded, and arterial blood pressure and anthropometric characteristics were measured. In a median period of 10 years, 636 incident CHD cases and 240 CHD deaths were recorded. Associations of adherence to the MD, operationalised through a nine-component score (0, poor; 9, excellent), with CHD incidence and mortality were evaluated through Cox regression controlling for potentially confounding variables. A two-point increase in the MD score was associated with lower CHD mortality by 25 % (95 % CI 0·57, 0·98) among women and 19 % (95 % CI 0·67, 0·99) among men. The association of adherence to the MD with CHD incidence was again inverse, but weaker (hazard ratios 0·85 (95 % CI 0·71, 1·02) among women and 0·98 (95 % CI 0·87, 1·10) among men). With respect to score components, only meat among men (positively) and fruits and nuts among women (inversely) were associated with both the incidence of and mortality from CHD. The MD, as an integral entity, is inversely associated with CHD incidence and, particularly, mortality.
Effects of a rapeseed oil-enriched hypoenergetic diet with a high content of α-linolenic acid on body weight and cardiovascular risk profile in patients with the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Baxheinrich Andrea , Stratmann Bernd , Lee-Barkey Young Hee , Tschoepe Diethelm , Wahrburg Ursel 
Published: August 2012

In therapy of the metabolic syndrome, the optimal dietary approach with regard to its macronutrient composition and metabolically favourable food components, such as the plant-derivedn-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid (ALA), is still a matter of debate. We investigated the effects of a hypoenergetic diet with low energy density (ED) enriched in rapeseed oil, resulting in high MUFA content and an ALA intake of 3·5 g/d on body weight and cardiovascular risk profile in eighty-one patients with the metabolic syndrome in comparison with an olive oil diet rich in MUFA, but with a low ALA content. After a 6-month dietary intervention, body weight was significantly reduced in the rapeseed oil and olive oil groups ( − 7·8v.− 6·0 kg;P < 0·05). There were significant decreases in systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and insulin levels in both groups (P < 0·05). For all of these changes, no inter-group differences were observed. After the rapeseed oil diet, diastolic blood pressure declined more than after the olive oil diet (P < 0·05 for time × group interaction). Furthermore, concentrations of serum TAG were significantly reduced after the high ALA intake, but not in the low ALA group (P < 0·05 for time × group interaction). In conclusion, our dietary food pattern with a low ED and high intakes of MUFA and ALA may be a practical approach for long-term dietary treatment in patients with the metabolic syndrome, leading to weight reduction and an improvement in the overall cardiovascular risk profile.
New technologies for reporting real-time emergent infections
Authors: CHUNARA RUMI , FREIFELD CLARK C. , BROWNSTEIN JOHN S. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYNovel technologies have prompted a new paradigm in disease surveillance. Advances in computation, communications and materials enable new technologies such as mobile phones and microfluidic chips. In this paper we illustrate examples of new technologies that can augment disease detection. We describe technologies harnessing the internet, mobile phones, point of care diagnostic tools and methods that facilitate detection from passively collected unstructured data. We demonstrate how these can all assist in quicker detection, investigation and response to emerging infectious events. Novel technologies enable collection and dissemination of epidemic intelligence data to both public health practitioners and the general public, enabling finer temporal and spatial resolution of disease monitoring than through traditional public health processes.
One Perkinsus species may hide another: characterization of Perkinsus species present in clam production areas of France
Authors: ARZUL I. , CHOLLET B. , MICHEL J. , ROBERT M. , GARCIA C. , JOLY J.-P. , FRANÇOIS C. , MIOSSEC L. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYAlthough clam populations in France are known to be infected with protozoans of the genus Perkinsus, no molecular characterization was previously performed on these parasites. Considering that several members of this genus have been associated with mortalities of molluscs worldwide, a study was undertaken in order to characterize these parasites in France. For that purpose, clams, Ruditapes philippinarum and R. decussatus, collected from different production areas and found to be infected with Perkinsus sp. in thioglycolate culture medium, were selected for PCR-RFLP tests and sequencing. Perkinsus olseni was detected in all the investigated areas and results also suggested the presence of P. chesapeaki in Leucate, a lagoon on the Mediterranean coast and in Bonne Anse in Charente Maritime, on the Atlantic coast. Clonal cultures from both detected species were produced in order to describe and compare in vitro stages. Differences in size between both Perkinsus spp. were noticed especially for schizonts and zoosporangia. Lastly, in situ hybridization tests allowed confirmation of the presence of both species in the same R. decussatus population and even in same clams. This is the first detection of P. chesapeaki in Ruditapes species and outside North America, which questions its introduction into Europe.
Genetic and environmental influences on adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms: a large Swedish population-based study of twins
Authors: Larsson H. , Asherson P. , Chang Z. , Ljung T. , Friedrichs B. , Larsson J.-O. , Lichtenstein P. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently persists into adulthood. Family and twin studies delineate a disorder with strong genetic influences among children and adolescents based on parent- and teacher-reported data but little is known about the genetic and environmental contribution to DSM-IV ADHD symptoms in adulthood. We therefore aimed to investigate the impact of genetic and environmental influences on the inattentive and hyperactive–impulsive symptoms of ADHD in adults.MethodTwin methods were applied to self-reported assessments of ADHD symptoms from a large population-based Swedish twin study that included data from 15 198 Swedish male and female twins aged 20 to 46 years.ResultsThe broad heritability [i.e. A + D, where A is an additive genetic factor and D (dominance) a non-additive genetic factor] was 37% (A = 11%, D = 26%) for inattention and 38% (A = 18%, D = 20%) for hyperactivity–impulsivity. The results also indicate that 52% of the phenotypic correlation between inattention and hyperactivity–impulsivity (r = 0.43) was explained by genetic influences whereas the remaining part of the covariance was explained by non-shared environmental influences. These results were replicated across age strata.ConclusionsOur findings of moderate broad heritability estimates are consistent with previous literature on self-rated ADHD symptoms in older children, adolescents and adults and retrospective reports of self-rated childhood ADHD by adults but differ from studies of younger children with informant ratings. Future research needs to clarify whether our data indicate a true decrease in the heritability of ADHD in adults compared to children, or whether this relates to the use of self-ratings in contrast to informant data.
Perfect powers with few binary digits and related Diophantine problems, II
Authors: BENNETT MICHAEL A. , BUGEAUD YANN , MIGNOTTE MAURICE 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe prove that if q ≥ 5 is an integer, then every qth power of an integer contains at least 5 nonzero digits in its binary expansion. This is a particular instance of one of a collection of rather more general results, whose proofs follow from a combination of refined lower bounds for linear forms in Archimedean and non-Archimedean logarithms with various local arguments.