bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population affinities in pre‐colonial West Africa: The case of the burial cave Iroungou (Gabon, 14th–15th century CE)
Authors: Mounier Aurélien , Villotte Sébastien , Kacki Sacha , Mora Pascal , Espinasse Loic , Dempawo Jules Zamke , Gerin Christian , Meunier Quentin , Oslisly Richard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionOur knowledge of the populations of sub‐Saharan Africa in the periods before European colonization is limited. Few archeological sites containing human remains have been identified, and written sources for these periods are rare. The discovery in 2018 of the Iroungou sepulchral cave (Gabon), whose use predates the arrival of the Portuguese (14th–15th centuries CE), is an exceptional source of information: at least 28 individuals associated with numerous metal artifacts were found there. The anthropobiological remains were left in situ, but the eight best preserved crania were digitized.ObjectivesThis study focuses on the population affinities of these crania, whose morphology was described using 237 landmarks.Materials and MethodsGeometric morphometric analyses were used to compare the eight Iroungou specimens with 154 individuals representing 12 well‐defined African populations. After alignment (Generalized Procrustes Analysis), morphological affinity was assessed using Euclidean and Mahalanobis distances, and posterior probabilities of population membership (discriminant analysis).ResultsResults indicate that the eight Iroungou crania have, on average, more affinity with Bayaka Pygmy, followed by Central African Bantu. Nevertheless, individually, the Iroungou specimens show an important morphological variation and the eight crania can be separated into different affinity groups: Bayaka and Central African Bantu, KhoeSan, and East‐African Bantu. Finally, one individual presents strong affinity with Somalis.ConclusionThis phenetic mapping of the Iroungou sample raises questions about the profile of the individuals deposited in the cave in a geographical area known for the Loango pre‐colonial kingdom, which ruling class seemed to have had privileged relationships with the Pygmy populations.
Osteopontin: A novel marker of pre‐symptomatic sporadic Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Quesnel Marc James , Labonté Anne , Picard Cynthia , Bowie Daniel C. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Brinkmalm Ann , Villeneuve Sylvia , Poirier Judes ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   the PREVENT‐AD Research Group
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe investigate the role of osteopontin (OPN) in participants with Pre‐symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and in AD brains.METHODSCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) OPN, AD, and synaptic biomarker levels were measured in 109 cognitively unimpaired (CU), parental‐history positive Pre‐symptomatic Evaluation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease (PREVENT‐AD) participants, and in 167 CU and 399 participants with MCI from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. OPN levels were examined as a function of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau positivity. Survival analyses investigated the link between OPN and rate of conversion to AD.RESULTSIn PREVENT‐AD, CSF OPN was positively correlated with synaptic biomarkers. In PREVENT‐AD and ADNI, OPN was elevated in CSF Aβ42/40(+)/total tau(+) and CSF Aβ42/40(+)/phosphorylated tau181(+) individuals. In ADNI, OPN was increased in Aβ(+) positron emission tomography (PET) and tau(+) PET individuals, and associated with an accelerated rate of conversion to AD. OPN was elevated in autopsy‐confirmed AD brains.DISCUSSIONStrong associations between CSF OPN and key markers of AD pathophysiology suggest a significant role for OPN in tau neurobiology, particularly in the early stages of the disease.Highlights
In the Pre‐symptomatic Evaluation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease cohort, we discovered that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) osteopontin (OPN) levels can indicate early synaptic dysfunction, tau deposition, and neuronal loss in cognitively unimpaired elderly with a parental history.
CSF OPN is elevated in amyloid beta(+) positron emission tomography (PET) and tau(+) PET individuals.
Elevated CSF OPN is associated with an accelerated rate of conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Elevated CSF OPN is associated with an accelerated rate of cognitive decline on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive subscale 13, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mini‐Mental State Examination, and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes.
OPN mRNA and protein levels are significantly upregulated in the frontal cortex of autopsy‐confirmed AD brains.
COVID‐19 outcomes among patients with dementia and age‐matched controls who were hospitalized in 21 US health‐care systems
Authors: Johnson Adrienne L. , Chin Nathaniel A. , Piasecki Thomas M. , Conner Karen L. , Baker Timothy B. , Fiore Michael C. , Slutske Wendy S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONCOVID‐19 had devastating impacts worldwide. However, most research examining the impact of dementia on COVID‐19 outcomes has been conducted in Europe and Asia and has not examined dementia subtypes.METHODSA retrospective analysis of electronic health record data from 21 US health‐care systems examined relationships of all‐cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia with in‐hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and hospital stay duration.RESULTSAll‐cause dementia, but not AD or vascular dementia independently, was associated with increased mortality risk, the inclusion of discharge to hospice as a mortality equivalent increased risk for mortality for all‐cause dementia, and AD and vascular dementia. Patients with all‐cause dementia and AD were less likely to be admitted to the ICU than patients without. Patients with any form of dementia had longer hospital stays than patients without.DISCUSSIONDementia was associated with increased mortality or hospice discharge, decreased ICU admissions, and longer hospital stays.Highlights
Only all‐cause dementia was associated with increased mortality risk.
This risk was lower than what has been published in previous research.
Combining mortality and hospice discharge increased risk for all dementia subtypes.
All‐cause and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia were associated with decreased intensive care unit admissions.
All‐cause, vascular, and AD dementia were associated with longer hospital stays.
Facets of Correlated Non‐Markovian Channels
Authors: Sabale Vivek Balasaheb , Dash Nihar Ranjan , Kumar Atul , Banerjee Subhashish 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe domain of correlated non‐Markovian channels are investigated, exploring the potential memory arising from the correlated action of channels and the inherent memory due to non‐Markovian dynamics. The impact of channel correlations is studied using different non‐Markovianity indicators and measures. In addition, the dynamical aspects of correlated non‐Markovian channels, including entanglement dynamics as well as changes in the volume of accessible states, are explored. The analysis is presented for both unital and non‐unital correlated channels. A new correlated channel constructed with modified Ornstein–Uhlenbeck noise (OUN) is also presented and explored. Further, the geometrical effects of the non‐Markovianity of the correlated non‐Markovian channels are discussed with a study of change in the volume of the accessible states. The link between the correlation factor and error correction success probability is highlighted.
Substituted Maleimides: Self‐Reportable Linkers and Tags in Bioconjugation, Materials Science, and Nanotechnology
Authors: Barker Jake E. , Tibbetts Joshua D. , Ferguson Calum T. J. , Xie Yujie , O'Reilly Rachel K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSubstituted maleimides are customisable fluorescent linkers and probes with adaptable reactivity and optical properties. Their compact nature and tunability has led to their use in various applications. For example, their solvatochromic properties offer real‐time feedback on linking chemistry and environmental changes, essential for applications in material labelling, drug delivery, and nanoparticle functionalisation. This review focusses on developing, synthesising, and modifying substituted maleimides as environment‐sensitive fluorescent linkers and probes. It delves into their photophysical dynamics and strategic applications, highlighting their significant contributions to macromolecule conjugation and the development of self‐reporting materials.
Fuel‐Driven Dynamic Combinatorial Peptide Libraries
Authors: Späth Fabian , Soria‐Carrera Héctor , Stasi Michele , Sastre Judit , Kriebisch Brigitte A. K. , Boekhoven Job 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) creates libraries of molecules that are constantly interchanging in a dynamic combinatorial library. When a library member self‐assembles, it can displace the equilibria, leading to emergent phenomena like its selection or even its replication. However, such dynamic combinatorial libraries typically operate in or close to equilibrium. This work introduces a new dynamic combinatorial chemistry fueled by a catalytic reaction cycle that forms transient, out‐of‐equilibrium peptide‐based macrocycles. The products in this library exist out of equilibrium at the expense of fuel and are thus regulated by kinetics and thermodynamics. By creating a chemically fueled dynamic combinatorial library with the vast structural space of amino acids, we explored the liquid‐liquid phase separation behavior of the library members. The study advances DCCs by showing that peptide structures can be engineered to control the dynamic library′s behavior. The work paves the way for creating novel, tunable material systems that exhibit emergent behavior reminiscent of biological systems. These findings have implications for the development of new materials and for understanding life′s chemistry.
New Insights for High‐Through CO2 Hydrogenation to High‐Quality Fuel
Authors: Wang Chengwei , Jin Zhiliang , Guo Lisheng , Yamamoto Osami , Kaida Chiharu , He Yingluo , Ma Qingxiang , Wang Kangzhou , Tsubaki Noritatsu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the case of CO2 thermal‐catalytic hydrogenation, highly selective olefin generation and subsequent olefin secondary reactions to fuel hydrocarbons in an ultra‐short residence time is a huge challenge, especially under industrially feasible conditions. Here, we report a pioneering synthetic process that achieves selective production of high‐volume commercial gasoline with the assistance of fast response mechanism. In situ experiments and DFT calculations demonstrate that the designed NaFeGaZr presents exceptional carbiding prowess, and swiftly forms carbides even at extremely brief gas residence times, facilitating olefin production. The created successive hollow zeolite HZSM‐5 further reinforces aromatization of olefin diffused from NaFeGaZr via optimized mass transfer in the hollow channel of zeolite. Benefiting from its rapid response mechanism within the multifunctional catalytic system, this catalyst effectively prevents the excessive hydrogenation of intermediates and controls the swift conversion of intermediates into aromatics, even in high‐throughput settings. This enables a rapid one‐step synthesis of high‐quality gasoline‐range hydrocarbons without any post‐treatment, with high commercial product compatibility and space‐time yield up to 0.9 kggasoline ⋅ kgcat−1 ⋅ h−1. These findings from the current work can provide a shed for the preparation of efficient catalysts and in‐depth understanding of C1 catalysis in industrial level.
A Photocrosslinking Probe to Capture the Substrates of Caseinolytic Protease P
Authors: Gronauer Thomas F. , Eck Laura K. , Ludwig Christina , Sieber Stephan A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProtein homeostasis in bacteria is regulated by proteases such as the tetradecameric caseinolytic protease P (ClpP). Although substrates of ClpP have been successfully deciphered in genetically engineered cells, methods which directly trap processed proteins within native cells remain elusive. Here, we introduce an in situ trapping strategy which utilizes trifunctional probes that bind to the active site serine of ClpP and capture adjacent substrates with an attached photocrosslinking moiety. After enrichment using an alkyne handle, substrate deconvolution by mass spectrometry (MS) is performed. We show that our two traps bind substoichiometrically to ClpP, retain protease activity, exhibit unprecedented selectivity for Staphylococcus aureus ClpP in living cells and capture numerous known and novel substrates. The exemplary validation of trapped hits using a targeted proteomics approach confirmed the fidelity of this technology. In conclusion, we provide a novel chemical platform suited for the discovery of serine protease substrates beyond genetic engineering.
Tailoring candelilla wax‐based oleogels loaded with α‐tocopherol to mimic rheological properties of solid food fats and to increase nutritional value of food
Authors: Peixoto Vanessa Oliveira Di Sarli , Brito Gabriela Baptista , Chrisman Erika Christina Ashton Nunes , do Amaral Vendramini Ana Lúcia , Ract Juliana Neves Rodrigues , Rodrigues João Gabriel Passos , Dias Marcos Lopes , Magalhães Alvicler , do Rosário Denes Kaic Alves , Conte‐Junior Carlos Adam , Marinho Thiago Oliveira , Nele Márcio , Torres Alexandre Guedes , Castelo‐Branco Vanessa Naciuk 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to tailor candelilla wax (CLW)‐based oleogels loaded with α‐tocopherol to mimic the rheological properties of conventional solid fats and enhance the nutritional value of food products. Desirability approach was utilized to optimize oleogels formulations based on rheological parameters of yield stress and gel‐to‐sol transition temperature of conventional solid fats (hydrogenated fat, butter, and margarine). Fat‐tailored oleogels were also characterized by their texture, thermal behavior, and microstructure. The concentration of CLW (0.75–4.0 wt%), but not of α‐tocopherol (0.5–10 wt%), affected the rheological behavior of oleogels. Yield stress and the gel‐to‐sol transition increased, respectively, from 2.00 to 200.8 Pa and from 40.2 to 64.8°C as the CLW concentration increased. α‐Tocopherol can be added to improve the nutritional value of CLW‐based oleogels without affecting their rheological fingerprint. The optimum formulations to mimic the rheological fingerprint of butter, margarine, and hydrogenated fat comprised CLW between 2.12 and 2.51 wt%, showing desirability values of 0.58, 0.76, and 0.73, respectively. Increasing the CLW contents increased the crystal number (4194 ± 381 to 7646 ± 544) and hardness (6.45 ± 0.30 to 10.4 ± 0.36 N) of fat‐tailored oleogels, besides accelerating crystallization. Therefore, it was possible to tailor oleogels structured with low CLW concentration (<2.5 wt%) loaded with α‐tocopherol to fairly replicate the rheological properties of margarine and hydrogenated fat. Butter‐like properties were achieved to a lesser extent. These oleogels might enhance the nutritional value of food products by incorporating the antioxidant vitamin E when used as substitutes for solid fat.
Preparation of calcium aluminate and spinel by hydrolysis and calcination from secondary aluminum dross
Authors: Zhao Yuqin , Zuo Zhengping , Li Zhanbing , Zhang Jianbo , Wu Wen Fen , Ma Wei Ping , Zhu Ganyu , Li Shaopeng , Wang Fei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe direct extraction of alumina from secondary aluminum dross (SAD), which is a dangerous solid waste, is difficult. Moreover, this process easily produces a large amount of solid waste residue, which is not easily utilized. In this paper, a new green process was developed to prepare calcium aluminate and Mg‐Al spinel from SAD by hydrolysis–calcification roasting. The effects of calcium oxide (CaO) content, sintering temperature, and holding time on the properties of calcium aluminate were investigated by single‐factor experiments. The phase transformation mechanism of calcium aluminate was studied by thermodynamic analysis, X‐ray diffraction analysis, X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Under the optimal conditions (Ca/Al molar ratio of 0.8, sintering temperature of 1300°C, and holding time of 2 h), the main calcium aluminate phases are CaAl2O4 and Ca2Al2SiO7, the soluble alumina content of the calcium aluminate sample is 49.71 wt.%, and the main phases of the acid‐insoluble residue are Mg‐Al spinel and a very small amount of CaTiO3. The Ca/Al ratio is the key factor affecting the calcium aluminate phase—with increasing Ca/Al ratio, the calcium aluminate phase is transformed from CaAl4O7 to CaAl2O4 and eventually to Ca12Al14O33, and the Si‐containing phase changes from Ca2Al2SiO7 to CaSiO4.
The Risk of Lung Cancer in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Brooks Rebecca T. , Luedders Brent , Wheeler Austin , Johnson Tate M. , Yang Yangyuna , Roul Punyasha , Ganti Apar Kishor , Singh Namrata , Sauer Brian C. , Cannon Grant W. , Baker Joshua F. , Mikuls Ted R. , England Bryant R. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate lung cancer risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and RA‐interstitial lung disease (ILD).MethodsWe performed a retrospective, matched cohort study of RA and RA‐ILD within the Veterans Health Administration (VA) between 2000 and 2019. Patients with RA and RA‐ILD were identified with validated administrative‐based algorithms, then matched (up to 1:10) on age, gender, and VA enrollment year to individuals without RA. Lung cancers were identified from a VA oncology database and the National Death Index. Conditional Cox regression models assessed lung cancer risk adjusting for race, ethnicity, smoking status, Agent Orange exposure, and comorbidity burden among matched individuals. Several sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsWe matched 72,795 patients with RA with 633,937 patients without RA (mean age 63 years; 88% male). Over 4,481,323 patient‐years, 17,099 incident lung cancers occurred. RA was independently associated with an increased lung cancer risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.58 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52–1.64]), which persisted in never smokers (aHR 1.65 [95% CI 1.22–2.24]) and in those with incident RA (aHR 1.54 [95% CI 1.44–1.65]). Compared to non‐RA controls, prevalent RA‐ILD (n = 757) was more strongly associated with lung cancer risk (aHR 3.25 [95% CI 2.13–4.95]) than RA without ILD (aHR 1.57 [95% CI 1.51–1.64]). Analyses of both prevalent and incident RA‐ILD produced similar results (RA‐ILD vs non‐RA aHR 2.88 [95% CI 2.45–3.40]).ConclusionRA was associated with a >50% increased risk of lung cancer, and those with RA‐ILD represented a particularly high‐risk group with an approximate three‐fold increased risk. Increased lung cancer surveillance in RA, and especially RA‐ILD, may be a useful strategy for reducing the burden posed by the leading cause of cancer death.
Learning cardiac embryology on YouTube—What videos are there to view?
Authors: Mathew Ruth , Ramakrishnan Niveta , Boland Fiona , Pawlikowska Teresa , Holland Jane C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn modern medical curricula, embryology is typically taught through lectures, with a few institutions providing tutorials. The use of 3‐D videos or animations enables students to study these embryological structures and how they change with time. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of cardiac embryology videos available on YouTube. A systematic literature review regarding the use of YouTube in teaching or learning cardiac embryology identified no papers that examined this specific question, and next, a systematic search of YouTube was performed. A total of 1200 cardiac embryology videos were retrieved using 12 specific search terms, with 370 videos retrieved under two or more search terms and excluded. A further 511 videos were excluded under additional, specific criteria. The remaining 319 videos were evaluated with the YouTube Video Assessment Criteria (UTvAC), with 121 rated as “useful.” Videos on YouTube are uploaded with a wide audience in mind, from children to cardiologists, and content control is imperfect. Multiple videos were identified as duplicates of videos from original channels, typically without attribution. While 49 videos showed operations or human material, none contained an ethical statement regarding consent, and only 10 of these included an age restriction or graphical advisory. While there are useful videos for medical students studying cardiac embryology on YouTube, intuitive search strategies will also identify many with irrelevant content and of variable quality. Digital competence and search strategies are not innate skills, so educators should teach students to assess information so as to avoid overload or “filter failure.”
A pilot study exploring the effectiveness of binaural beats at reducing anxiety associated with cadaveric dissection
Authors: Mosheshe Liteboho Tlotliso , Correia Janine C. , Rampf Nadine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study explored the effects of a novel intervention, binaural beats (BB), on anxiety levels of anatomy students during cadaveric dissections and its impact on the learning environment. The study was quasi‐experimental, employing a purposive sampling strategy. State (SA) and trait (TA) anxiety levels were measured using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory during two routine dissection sessions. SA was measured at three time points: at the start, after a 3‐min control (silence)/intervention (10 Hz BB) session, and at the end of the dissection. A post‐study survey was distributed to the participants to obtain qualitative feedback on their perceptions of BB use during cadaveric dissections. Thirteen female students participated in this study (mean age 19.62 ± 0.65 years). Both control and intervention measures significantly reduced SA levels, with BB demonstrating a greater effect size (Hedges' g = 0.98 for intervention vs. 0.76 for control). SA decreased significantly after the BB intervention (t(12) = 3.78, p = 0.003) and remained low throughout the session, in contrast to the control session, where the reduction post‐measure was not sustained (t(12) = −0.64, p = 0.54). Feedback from the post‐study survey indicated that most students found the BB intervention effective in reducing their anxiety levels before the dissection. The BB intervention was effective in reducing and maintaining students' SA levels during dissection. Students reported positive experiences with BB. Further investigations are warranted to determine whether the findings of this study can be generalized to larger and more heterogeneous populations.