bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cobb′s collar occurring in two brothers in a family: A rare entity revisited
Authors: Pal Partha , Ray Sayantan , Talukdar Arunansu , Sonthalia Nikhil , Chakraborty Sumit 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMost urethral strictures arise from iatrogenic, traumatic, or inflammatory causes. We report the familial occurrence of a congenital bulbar urethral stricture in two brothers. Retrograde and voiding cystourethrography was performed. A Cobb′s collar was diagnosed after radiological and endoscopic evaluation in both cases and was successfully managed with urethroplasty. Cobb′s collar is a rarely recognized cause of a membranous stricture of bulbar urethra that can lead to several urinary problems. In cases of adolescent and young adults presenting with symptoms of progressive urinary obstruction and enuresis with or without urinary tract infection, Cobb′s collar can be seen as a minor constriction in the bulbar urethra, but is not frequently symptomatic, and the familial occurrence of such a stricture is even rarer.
Prognostic Value of DNA and mRNA E6/E7 of Human Papillomavirus in the Evolution of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2
Authors: Discacciati Michelle G. , da Silva Ismael DCG. , Villa Luisa L. , Reis Leandro , Hayashi Priscila , Costa Maria C. , Rabelo-Santos Silvia H. , Zeferino Luiz C. 
Published: April 2014

Objective This study aimed at evaluating whether human papillomavirus (HPV) groups and E6/E7 mRNA of HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 are prognostic of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 outcome in women with a cervical smear showing a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). Methods This cohort study included women with biopsy-confirmed CIN 2 who were followed up for 12 months, with cervical smear and colposcopy performed every three months. Results Women with a negative or low-risk HPV status showed 100% CIN 2 regression. The CIN 2 regression rates at the 12-month follow-up were 69.4% for women with alpha-9 HPV versus 91.7% for other HPV species or HPV-negative status ( P < 0.05). For women with HPV 16, the CIN 2 regression rate at the 12-month follow-up was 61.4% versus 89.5% for other HPV types or HPV-negative status ( P < 0.05). The CIN 2 regression rate was 68.3% for women who tested positive for HPV E6/E7 mRNA versus 82.0% for the negative results, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions The expectant management for women with biopsy-confirmed CIN 2 and previous cytological tests showing LSIL exhibited a very high rate of spontaneous regression. HPV 16 is associated with a higher CIN 2 progression rate than other HPV infections. HPV E6/E7 mRNA is not a prognostic marker of the CIN 2 clinical outcome, although this analysis cannot be considered conclusive. Given the small sample size, this study could be considered a pilot for future larger studies on the role of predictive markers of CIN 2 evolution.
Análise epistemológica das teses e dissertações sobre atendimento educacional especializado: 2000 a 2009
Authors: Casagrande Rosana Castro , Cruz Gilmar De Carvalho 
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X6986 O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi realizar uma análise epistemológica de teses e dissertações sobre atendimento educacional especializado, produzidas no período de 2000 a 2009, a partir das dimensões técnica e teórica, analisadas através da adaptação do Esquema Paradigmático de Sánchez Gamboa (1987; 2007). Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, foi realizada análise documental de 18 teses e dissertações. Os resultados indicam: 1. No Nível Técnico: Em 2009 foi o período que mais se produziu pesquisas sobre AEE; 72% do total foram produzidas em Universidades Públicas; 44% não especificaram as técnicas de registro; 50% não especificaram o tipo de análise de dados; 84% apresentaram procedimentos qualitativos; 2. Nível Teórico: Os principais temas tratados foram “Deficiência Auditiva/Surdez” (27,7%); 61% apresentaram abordagens metodológicas e tipos de mudança do tipo Inespecífica; 17% caracterizarem-se como crítico-dialéticas e 22% fenomenológico-hermenêuticas. A maioria das pesquisas não pode ser caracterizada ou classificada segundo um padrão de abordagem metodológica, devido ao seu aspecto hibrido e ao fato de não apresentar uma fronteira metodológica. É fundamental que sejam ampliadas as pesquisas sobre análise epistemológica, a fim de contribuírem de forma significativa e efetiva para a melhoria na qualidade das pesquisas e para sua aproximação com a práxis.
Escolarização de alunos com deficiência e as inter-relações família, escola e gestores públicos da Educação Especial
Authors: Alves Edson Pantaleao , Sobrinho Reginaldo Celio 
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X8592 Neste texto objetiva-se evidenciar as implicações do processo de ressignificação do conhecimento social relativo à educabilidade da pessoa com deficiência na inter-relação família, escola e gestores públicos da educação especial. Articula-se os resultados de duas pesquisas que focalizaram as políticas de Educação Especial no Estado do Espírito Santo. A primeira pesquisa abordou as relações entre as instituições especializadas e a escola comum e ancorou-se na perspectiva de pesquisa do tipo etnográfico. A segunda, focalizou a formação continuada de gestores públicos de Educação Especial e assumiu os pressupostos da pesquisa-ação colaborativo-crítica. Ambas utilizaram como instrumento de coleta de dados: questionário, entrevista semiestruturada, estudo de documentos e a dinâmica de grupo focal. Na análise dos dados adotou-se os pressupostos da Sociologia Figuracional elaborada por Norbert Elias, fundamentalmente, a noção de conhecimento e suas implicações no processo de distribuição de chances de poder nas inter-relações humanas. Os dados evidenciam que os conhecimentos relativos à inclusão social, acessados de diferentes formas pelos participantes da pesquisa, assumem sentidos e significados que possibilitam a uns e a outros questionarem situações que limitam o percurso formativo-educativo do aluno com deficiência. Conclui-se que, nas sociedades recentes, as inter-relações dos pais e dos profissionais, balizadas pela ressignificação do conhecimento social sobre a educabilidade das pessoas com deficiência, vêm produzindo outras necessidades emocionais nessas pessoas, nos seus familiares e nos profissionais do ensino, movimentando a balança de poder nas suas inter-relações. Palavras-chave: Conhecimento. Equilíbrio de poder. Deficiência.
Os desafios da multideficiência: um olhar sobre uma unidade de apoio à multideficiência
Authors: Barroso Estefânia , Mesquita Helena 
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X8649 Uma das medidas implementadas em Portugal, nos últimos anos, com o objetivo de construir uma escola inclusiva, tem sido a criação de Unidades de Apoio Especializado para a educação de Alunos com Multideficiência e Surdocegueira Congénita (UAEM). Para compreender a problemática da multideficiência e a inclusão educativa de alunos com multideficiência importa verificar quais as opiniões dos professores do Ensino Regular que possuem alunos com multideficiência incluídos nas suas turmas e dos professores de Educação Especial acerca da presença de uma Unidade de Apoio à Multideficiência no Agrupamento de escolas em que lecionam. Para atingir esse objetivo a metodologia que pareceu mais adequada foi a do estudo de caso, tendo sido utilizado como técnica de recolha de dados a observação (participante) e o inquérito (por questionário). No decorrer da investigação observou-se o funcionamento de uma Unidade de Apoio Especializado para a Educação de Alunos com Multideficiência e analisou-se a opinião de 24 professores que integram a amostras selecionadas para este estudo. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho permitem concluir que para os professores inquiridos as UAEM são a melhor resposta educativa para crianças com multideficiência tanto para a realização de aprendizagens como para a sua socialização. Permitem ainda concluir que os professores de Educação Especial se sentem mais preparados para trabalhar com este tipo de público que os professores de Ensino Regular e que as opiniões sobre estas questões não divergem substancialmente entre os professores de Educação Especial e os professores de Ensino Regular.
Les enjeux politiques du « bien-vivre » en Amazonie autochtone
Authors: Sarmiento Barletti Juan Pablo , Beaudry Nicole 
Published: April 2014

Cet article propose une solution au dilemme imposé de force aux peuples autochtones alors qu’ils doivent adopter les méthodes de la politique moderne. D’une part, on a critiqué les organisations autochtones pour leur usage de concepts euroaméricains dans leurs discours élaborés spécifiquement pour faire état de leurs revendications politiques. D’autre part, on met en doute la crédibilité de ces mêmes groupes lorsque leur performance n’est pas à la hauteur de ce que les États et les ONG estiment être un indigénisme authentique. En s’appuyant sur ses recherches auprès du peuple ashaninka, la plus importante des nations autochtones amazoniennes, l’auteur soutient qu’il ne faut plus analyser la situation politique en la soumettant aux critères reflétés dans les discours tenus par les États et les ONG à propos des autochtones. Au lieu de cela, il faut accepter que ces critiques ne voient tout simplement pas la nature politique de certaines pratiques, notamment la pratique quotidienne dukametsa asaikiou le « bien-vivre ». Ces puissantes pratiques quotidiennes sont au coeur même de la création de vie humaine, et si leur nature politique risque de demeurer invisible pour l’État et pour les ONG, leurs effets sont tout ce qu’il y a de plus visible pour les Ashaninkas, conclut l’auteur.
Modeling deformation induced by seasonal variations of continental water in the Himalaya region: Sensitivity to Earth elastic structure
Authors: Chanard K. , Avouac J. P. , Ramillien G. , Genrich J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractStrong seasonal variations of horizontal and vertical positions are observed on GPS time series from stations located in Nepal, India, and Tibet (China). We show that this geodetic deformation can be explained by seasonal variations of continental water storage driven by the monsoon. For this purpose, we use satellite data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment to determine the time evolution of surface loading. We compute the expected geodetic deformation assuming a perfectly elastic Earth model. We consider Green's functions, describing the surface deformation response to a point load, for an elastic homogeneous half‐space model and for a layered nonrotating spherical Earth model based on the Preliminary Reference Earth Model and a local seismic velocity model. The amplitude and phase of the seasonal variation of the vertical and horizontal geodetic positions can be jointly adjusted only with the layered Earth model, while an elastic half‐space model fails, emphasizing the importance of using a realistic Earth elastic structure to model surface displacements induced by surface loading. We demonstrate, based on a formal inversion, that the fit to the geodetic data can be improved by adjusting the layered Earth model. Therefore, the study also shows that the modeling of geodetic seasonal variations provides a way to probe the elastic structure of the Earth, even in the absence of direct measurements of surface load variations.
Relative contribution of ENSO and East Asian winter monsoon to the South China Sea SST anomalies during ENSO decaying years
Authors: Wu Renguang , Chen Wen , Wang Guihua , Hu Kaiming 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPresent study investigates respective contributions of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) to two periods of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the South China Sea (SCS), one subsequent to the ENSO mature phase and the other in the following summer, during 1982–2010. It is found that the SST anomalies in the first period are related to the EAWM and the ENSO impact independent of EAWM is weak, which differs from previous studies. The SST anomalies in the second period are mainly due to the ENSO effect. A heat budget analysis shows that changes in shortwave radiation and wind‐related surface latent heat flux as well as horizontal advections are the processes leading to the EAWM‐related SST anomalies in the first period. The ENSO‐related SST anomalies in the second period are contributed by shortwave radiation and latent heat flux anomalies as well as meridional advection and vertical upwelling processes near the southeast coast of Indochina Peninsula. The ENSO contribution to the SCS SST anomalies in the first period is larger before than after the late 1970s. This is attributed to an earlier development of ENSO events that is followed by larger equatorial central and eastern Pacific SST anomalies in boreal summer and, subsequently, larger North Indian Ocean SST anomalies around October. Consequently, anomalous surface anticyclone over the SCS is stronger, leading to larger surface heat flux anomalies and thus a larger SST increase around October before than after the late 1970s.
Statistical characterization of atmospheric gravity waves by seismoacoustic observations
Authors: Hedlin Michael A. H. , Drob Douglas P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe examine acoustic‐to‐seismic coupled signals from ground‐truthed explosions in northern Utah that were observed by dense seismic networks. We simulate the observed signals using both classical ray theory and the parabolic equation method in order to better understand the influence of multiscale atmospheric structures on these signals. Atmospheric models correctly predict acoustic arrival times downwind of the source, but signals are commonly observed over a much larger area than predicted using baseline models including well within the shadow zones near the source. In order to properly explain the extent of the observed infrasound wavefield in range and azimuth, the results indicate that it is necessary to account for unresolved subgrid‐scale atmosphere structures. The results also clearly show the need to account for these structures in order to properly explain the observed wave signal duration. Without accounting for small‐scale atmospheric structure, the infrasound signals are predicted to last 5–10 s but are observed to last 30–80 s. Furthermore, the amplitudes of the coupled signals relative to background noise vary steadily with distance in a manner that matches the computed predictions. The results show that infrasound signals retain much information about the large‐ and small‐scale structures in the atmosphere through which they propagate suggesting that routine observations from dense regional seismic networks might also provide a novel means of atmospheric sounding.
Concentric gravity waves in polar mesospheric clouds from the Cloud Imaging and Particle Size experiment
Authors: Yue Jia , Thurairajah Brentha , Hoffmann Lars , Alexander Joan , Chandran Amal , Taylor Michael J. , Russell James M. , Randall Cora E. , Bailey Scott M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFive concentric atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) events have been identified in Polar Mesospheric Cloud (PMC) images of the summer mesopause region (~82–84 km) made by the Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) instrument on board the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere satellite during the Northern Hemisphere 2007 and 2009 PMC seasons. The AGWs modulate the PMC albedo, ice water content, and particle size, creating concentric ring patterns. On only one occasion (13 July 2007), the concentric AGWs in PMCs were aligned with AGWs with similar shapes observed in 4.3 µm radiance in the lower stratosphere, as measured by Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). Coincident AIRS and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer nadir measurements of 8.1 µm radiance reveal a region of deep convection in the troposphere close to the estimated centers of the AGWs in the stratosphere, strongly suggesting that convection is the wave source. The AGWs in CIPS on 13 July 2007 were ~1000 km away from the observed deep convection. Three other concentric AGWs in PMCs were 500–1000 km away from deep convection in the troposphere, while no convection was observed related to the wave on 29 July 2009. We perform a 2‐D ray tracing study for the AGW event on 13 July 2007. The calculated propagation distance is much shorter than the distance between the AGWs in PMCs and the observed convection. The 2‐D ray tracing study indicates that the AGWs in PMCs and in the stratosphere are probably excited by different tropospheric convective systems.
Glyoxal observations in the global marine boundary layer
Authors: Mahajan Anoop S. , Prados‐Roman Cristina , Hay Timothy D. , Lampel Johannes , Pöhler Denis , Groβmann Katja , Tschritter Jens , Frieß Udo , Platt Ulrich , Johnston Paul , Kreher Karin , Wittrock Folkard , Burrows John P. , Plane John M.C. , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso 
Published: April 2014

AbstractGlyoxal is an important intermediate species formed by the oxidation of common biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds such as isoprene, toluene, and acetylene. Although glyoxal has been shown to play an important role in urban and forested environments, its role in the open ocean environment is still not well understood, with only a few observations showing evidence for its presence in the open ocean marine boundary layer (MBL). In this study, we report observations of glyoxal from 10 field campaigns in different parts of the world's oceans. These observations together represent the largest database of glyoxal in the MBL. The measurements are made with similar instruments that have been used in the past, although the open ocean values reported here, average of about 25 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) with an upper limit of 40 pptv, are much lower than previously reported observations that were consistently higher than 40 pptv and had an upper limit of 140 pptv, highlighting the uncertainties in the differential optical absorption spectroscopy method for the retrieval of glyoxal. Despite retrieval uncertainties, the results reported in this work support previous suggestions that the currently known sources of glyoxal are insufficient to explain the average MBL concentrations. This suggests that there is an additional missing source, more than a magnitude larger than currently known sources, which is necessary to account for the observed atmospheric levels of glyoxal. Therefore, it could play a more important role in the MBL than previously considered.
Geomagnetic field excursion recorded 17 ka at Tianchi Volcano, China: New40Ar/39Ar age and significance
Authors: Singer Brad S. , Jicha Brian R. , He Huaiyu , Zhu Rixiang 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNew40Ar/39Ar dating of a comenditic lava atop Tianchi Volcano, China, indicates eruption at 17.1 ± 0.9 ka. The flow interior records a pair of transitional virtual geomagnetic poles and a low paleointensity of ~25 μT. Thus, it records a geomagnetic field excursion that is younger than the 41 ka Laschamp or 32 ka Auckland excursions. Implications are: (1) following a repose of several tens of kyr, Tianchi Volcano became highly active immediately following termination of the last glaciation maximum. The flare‐up of silicic eruptions may reflect rapid deglaciation of the edifice. (2) A 17 ka age for the Tianchi excursion provides the first direct radioisotopic evidence that excursional behavior, which is imprecisely dated and less well documented magnetically at several other sites, is a global feature of geodynamo behavior. (3) During the Brunhes chron, 13 well‐dated excursions cluster into two periods, including seven between 17 and 212 ka, and six between about 530 and 730 ka.
Very low frequency subionospheric remote sensing of thunderstorm‐driven acoustic waves in the lower ionosphere
Authors: Marshall R. A. , Snively J. B. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe present observations of narrowband subionospheric VLF transmitter signals on 20 March 2001, exhibiting coherent fluctuations of over 1 dB peak to peak. Spectral analysis shows that the fluctuations have periods of 1–4min and are largely coherent. The subionospheric propagation path of the signal from Puerto Rico to Colorado passes over two regions of convective and lightning activity, as observed by GOES satellite imagery and National Lightning Detection Network lightning data. We suggest that these fluctuations are evidence of acoustic waves launched by the convective activity below, observed in the 80–90 km altitude range to which nighttime VLF subionospheric remote sensing is sensitive. These observations show that VLF subionospheric remote sensing may provide a unique, 24h remote sensing technique for acoustic and gravity wave activity. We reproduce this event in simulations using a fluid model of gravity and acoustic wave propagation to calculate the ionospheric disturbance, followed by an electromagnetic propagation model to calculate the perturbation amplitude at the location of the VLF receiver. Simulation results show that a very large and coherent convective source is required to produce these amplitude perturbations.
Removal of Cr6+ Ions by Cross‐Linked Cassava Xanthate from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Shi Jinheng , Luo Hongsheng , Hu Jiwen , Xiao Dingshu , TU Yuanyuan , Lin Baofeng , Liang Xingquan 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe cross‐linked cassava xanthate (CCX) was synthesized and used to remove Cr6+ ions from aqueous solution. The influence of multiple factors on the sorption process, including pH, temperature, contact time, sulfur content, and sorbent/sorbate ratio, was quantitatively investigated. The sorption capacity of the CCX was confirmed under different conditions. The adsorption equilibrium was fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Cr‐containing cross‐linked cassava xanthate (CCX‐Cr) could be cyclically regenerated by HNO3 solution. The pyrolysis of the CCX and CCX‐Cr was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermo‐gravimetric/differential thermal analysis coupling method. The CCX had higher percentage of the residues than the CCX‐Cr due to the ion exchange mechanism in the adsorption process.
Adsorption of Hg(II) in aqueous solutions using mercapto‐functionalized alkali lignin
Authors: Zhou Yan , Zhang Jianping , Luo Xuegang , Lin Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTA novel adsorbent for Hg(II), mercapto‐functionalized alkali lignin (AL‐SH) was synthesized by Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction and nucleophilic substitution reactions. The adsorbent was characterized by the techniques of Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), elementary analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, and N2 adsorption techniques. The effect of various parameters on Hg(II) adsorption process such as initial pH, contact time, ionic strength, initial Hg(II) concentration, temperature, and adsorbent dosage were investigated in detail through batch static experiments. The results indicated that the adsorption process of Hg(II) on AL‐SH was mainly dependent on the pH and the optimal pH value was at pH ranging from 4.0 to 6.0. The adsorption process was found to follow pseudosecond‐order kinetics and the main process was chemical adsorption, which equilibrated at 8 h. The adsorption isotherm was better described by Langmuir and Temkin isotherm equations compared to Freundlich isotherm equation and the maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 101.2 mg g−1 (pH = 4.0, 20°C, initial Hg(II) concentration was 200 mg L−1). The thermodynamic parameters of
and
were positive while
was negative, revealed that the adsorption of Hg(II) onto AL‐SH was a spontaneous and endothermic process with increased entropy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40749.