bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yin and yang, or peas in a pod? Individual-sport versus team-sport athletes and altitude training
Authors: Aughey Robert J , Buchheit Martin , Garvican-Lewis Laura A , Roach Gregory D , Sargent Charli , Billaut François , Varley Matthew C , Bourdon Pitre C , Gore Christopher J 
Published: November 2013

The question of whether altitude training can enhance subsequent sea-level performance has been well investigated over many decades. However, research on this topic has focused on athletes from individual or endurance sports, with scant number of studies on team-sport athletes. Questions that need to be answered include whether this type of training may enhance team-sport athlete performance, when success in team-sport is often more based on technical and tactical ability rather than physical capacity per se.This review will contrast and compare athletes from two sports representative of endurance (cycling) and team-sports (soccer). Specifically, we draw on the respective competition schedules, physiological capacities, activity profiles and energetics of each sport to compare the similarities between athletes from these sports and discuss the relative merits of altitude training for these athletes. The application of conventional live-high, train-high; live-high, train-low; and intermittent hypoxic training for team-sport athletes in the context of the above will be presented. When the above points are considered, we will conclude that dependent on resources and training objectives, altitude training can be seen as an attractive proposition to enhance the physical performance of team-sport athletes without the need for an obvious increase in training load.
The South Barra shear zone: A composite Inverian–Laxfordian shear zone and possible Terrane boundary in the Lewisian gneiss complex of the Isle of Barra, NW Scotland
Authors: MacDonald John M. , Goodenough Kathryn M. 
Published: November 2013

Synopsis
The Lewisian Gneiss Complex (LGC) of NW Scotland largely comprises Archaean tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) gneisses variably reworked in the Palaeoproterozoic. One form of this heterogeneous reworking is the formation of major shear zones in the earliest Palaeoproterozoic which are then reactivated in the late Palaeoproterozoic. Recent remapping of the LGC of SE Barra, in the southern Outer Hebrides, has led to the interpretation of such a composite shear zone, the Southeast Barra Shear Zone (SBSZ). The SBSZ separates a block of heterogeneously overprinted pyroxene-bearing TTG gneisses from a dioritic meta-igneous complex to the west. Despite a lack of geochronological data, the juxtaposition of different protolith rocks along the SBSZ raises the possibility it may be a previously unrecognized terrane boundary.
Cardiac Structure and Function in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Shah Amil M. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Anand Inder S. , Sweitzer Nancy K. , O’Meara Eileen , Heitner John F. , Sopko George , Li Guichu , Assmann Susan F. , McKinlay Sonja M. , Pitt Bertram , Pfeffer Marc A. , Solomon Scott D. 
Published: November 2013

Background—
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Existing data on cardiac structure and function in HFpEF suggest significant heterogeneity in this population.

Methods and Results—
Echocardiograms were obtained from 935 patients with HFpEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥45%) enrolled in the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) trial before initiation of randomized therapy. Average age was 70±10 years, 49% were women, 14% were of African descent, and comorbidities were highly prevalent. Centralized quantitative analysis in a blinded core laboratory demonstrated a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 59.3±7.9%, with prevalent concentric left ventricular remodeling (34%) and hypertrophy (43%), and left atrial enlargement (53%). Diastolic dysfunction was present in 66% of gradable participants and was significantly associated with greater left ventricular hypertrophy and a higher prevalence of left atrial enlargement. Doppler evidence of pulmonary hypertension was present in 36%. At least 1 measure of structural heart disease was present in 93% of patients.

Conclusions—
Patients enrolled in TOPCAT demonstrated heterogeneous patterns of ventricular remodeling, with high prevalence of structural heart disease, including left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial enlargement, in addition to pulmonary hypertension, each of which has been associated with adverse outcomes in HFpEF. Diastolic function was normal in approximately one third of gradable participants, highlighting the heterogeneity of the cardiac phenotype in this syndrome. These findings deepen our understanding of the TOPCAT trial population and expand our knowledge of the diversity of the cardiac phenotype in HFpEF.

Clinical Trial Registration—URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00094302.
High-Density Lipoprotein Particle Subclass Heterogeneity and Incident Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Akinkuolie Akintunde O. , Paynter Nina P. , Padmanabhan Latha , Mora Samia 
Published: November 2013

Background—
Raising the cholesterol of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles is targeted as a cardiovascular disease prevention strategy. However, HDL particles are heterogeneous in composition and structure, which may relate to differences in antiatherogenic potential. We prospectively evaluated the association of HDL subclasses, defined by a recently proposed nomenclature, with incident coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods and Results—

Baseline HDL particle concentrations were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and categorized into 5 subclasses (very large, large, medium, small, and very small) among 26 332 initially healthy women. During a median follow-up of 17 years, 969 cases of incident CHD (myocardial infarction, revascularization, and CHD death) were ascertained. In Cox models that adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, blood pressure, smoking, postmenopausal status, and hormone therapy, associations with incident CHD were inverse (
P
trend<0.0001) for concentrations of very large (hazard ratio for top versus bottom quartile, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.41–0.60), large (0.54; 0.45–0.64), and medium (0.69; 0.58–0.83) HDL subclasses. Conversely, hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for small and very small HDL were 1.22 (1.01–1.46;
P
trend=0.08) and 1.67 (1.39–2.02;
P
trend<0.0001), respectively. However, after additionally adjusting for metabolic and lipoprotein variables, associations for the spectrum of large, medium, and small HDL subclasses were inverse (
P
trend<0.05 for large and small and 0.07 for medium), whereas subclasses at either end of the spectrum were not associated with CHD (
P
trend=0.97 for very large and 0.21 for very small HDL).

Conclusions—
In this prospective study, associations with incident CHD differed by HDL particle subclass, which may be relevant for developing HDL-modulating therapies.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00000479.
Intra-specific variation in advertisement call of Odontophrynus cordobae (Anura, Cycloramphidae): a multilevel and multifactor analysis
Authors: Grenat Pablo R. , Valetti Julián A. , Martino Adolfo L. 
Published: November 2013

Advertisement call is a complex signal that can vary at different scales and the characterization of this variation is crucial to understand its adaptive function. In our study, we examined different factors that could influence intra and inter-population call variation in Odontophrynus cordobae. We analyzed calls of individuals from different breeding sites across the species distribution, including a syntopic site with their related species O. americanus. Dominant frequency, pulse rate, call duration and pulses/call were the acoustic parameters that showed the lowest intra-individual variation (CV ≤ 3%). The discriminant function analysis (DFA) assigned 92% of calls to the correct individual, indicating that the advertisement calls of O. cordobae are individually distinctive. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis showed a significant contribution of pulse rate in differentiation of populations. Interpulse interval and pulse rate showed a moderate clinal variation, even when syntopic populations were excluded from the analysis. We found no association between acoustic and linear geographical or altitudinal distances and observed an evident divergence between the syntopic population and the other populations analyzed. This result is reinforced by DFA, which showed a differentiation among syntopic and allopatric populations of O. cordobae. We discuss our results from the hypothesis of a possible character displacement influencing call properties in this species in syntopy with their related species O. americanus. However, new syntopic areas and tests of female preferences would be needed to strengthen our results.
A Family-Based Diabetes Intervention for Hispanic Adults and Their Family Members
Authors: Hu Jie , Wallace Debra C. , McCoy Thomas P. , Amirehsani Karen A. 
Published: November 2013

Aims The purpose of this quasi-experimental, 1-group longitudinal study is to examine the effects of a family-based intervention program on diabetes self-management behaviors, A1C, other biomarkers, psychosocial factors, and health-related quality of life in Hispanics with diabetes. Methods Adult patients with diabetes (n = 36) and family members (n = 37) were recruited from a community clinic in rural central North Carolina. Patients and family members attended an 8-week culturally tailored diabetes educational program taught in Spanish. Data were collected pre- and post-intervention for both patients and family members, with an additional data collection for patients 1 month post-intervention. Results Most patients and family members were female, and almost all were immigrants. A1C decreased by 4.9% on average among patients from pre-intervention to 1 month post-intervention. Patients showed significant improvements in systolic blood pressure, diabetes self-efficacy, diabetes knowledge, and physical and mental components of health-related quality of life. Higher levels of intake of healthy foods and performance of blood glucose tests and foot inspections were reported. Family members significantly lowered body mass index and improved diabetes knowledge from pre-intervention to immediately post-intervention. No significant changes in levels of physical activity were found among patients with diabetes or family members. Conclusions Findings suggest that including family members in educational interventions may provide emotional and psychological support to patients with diabetes, help to develop healthy family behaviors, and promote diabetes self-management.
The energy-absorbing characteristics of polymer foams reinforced with bamboo tubes
Authors: Umer R , Balawi S , Raja P , Cantwell WJ 
Published: November 2013

This paper investigates for the first time, the energy-absorbing characteristics of a range of lightweight bamboo-reinforced foam structures. Initial attention focuses on characterizing the energy-absorbing characteristics of the individual bamboo tubes and assessing the influence of tube geometry on energy absorption. Here, it has been shown that the specific energy absorption of the bamboo tubes decreases with increasing tube length as a result of axial splitting associated with barreling of the samples under compressive loading. The influence of the tube inner diameter/thickness (D/t) ratio was also investigated using a number of tube sizes, where it was shown that there is a small increase in specific energy absorption with decreasing D/t. The tubes were then embedded in crosslinked PVC foams in order to investigate the influence of varying degree of external support applied to the reinforcement on the failure modes in the tubes as well as the measured specific energy absorption values. Finally, alternative techniques for enhancing the energy-absorbing capacity of the tubes were investigated. Here, tubes of different length were wrapped circumferentially in epoxy-impregnated kenaf fibers to enhance their resistance to axial spitting. It was shown that reinforcing the tubes in this manner can significantly enhance the ability of the tubes to absorb energy under conditions of axial quasi-static crushing.
Losing my profession: Age, experience and expertise in the changing newsrooms
Authors: Nikunen Kaarina 
Published: November 2013

The article examines how the crisis in journalism was experienced in the Finnish newsrooms in the spring of 2010. Based on interviews conducted in six newsrooms, this article highlights changes in journalistic practices, and the ways in which these changes have affected professional identity and journalistic expertise, in particular, in terms of age. The change does not affect everyone in a similar way. Its implications are experienced differently according to the position and work history of individual journalists. The article points out two particular factors that had a specific impact on shaping the boundaries of the journalistic profession, and notions of journalistic identity, skills and values. These are the concurrent processes of the move towards convergent newsrooms and the implementation of pension packages to downsize the newsrooms. With the implementation of pension packages as a solution to downsize newsrooms, age became the defining factor for professional identity, capacities and skills in the Finnish newsrooms. This particular time of change was also characterized by the implementation of new technology in the newsrooms. Thus, the measures taken in newsrooms emphasized speed, technological skills and youth as characteristics that were needed to compete in the changing and increasingly convergent media markets. It is argued that journalistic identity is tightly bound to its practice. Changes in practice are reflected in professional identity and the qualities that are valued within the profession. During this time of transition, the older journalists, particularly, struggled to hold on to their professional values and notions of expertise when, in practice, they had difficulties in bringing their expertise into use in the new technology-centered newsroom structure. Research highlights the multiplicity and complexity of change, where taken-for-granted positions are challenged and put into circulation. It provides insight into changes in the professional imagination and shared journalistic values.
Noninvasive Evaluation of Endothelial Activity in Healthy and Diseased Individuals
Authors: Fronek Arnost , Allison Matthew 
Published: November 2013

Background: Diminished endothelial activity (EA) has been associated with an increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CAD) events. Methods: Vasodilatory responses (EA and relative distensibility [RD]) were evaluated noninvasively using iontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACH) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and recorded by laser Doppler fluxmetry (LDF) and photoplethysmography (PPG) among 324 patients. Results: The EA after ACH iontophoresis measured by LDF was significantly higher in the younger (<50 years) group than in the older (>50 years) group, 125.4 versus 103.3 integrated arbitrary unit ( P < .005). Compared to the older patients, the EA values recorded by LDF were significantly lower in patients with diabetes mellitus (64.9), hypercholesterolemia (83.3), hypertension (88.7), CAD (61.0), and peripheral artery disease (67.4). The findings of RD were similar. Conclusions: The results indicate that measuring EA using the iontophoresis of ACH or SNP and combined with either LDF or PPG is a viable approach that can discriminate between different clinical groups.
Thrombectomy in Patients With Large Cerebral Artery Occlusion
Authors: Broussalis Erasmia , Trinka Eugen , Wallner Anna , Hitzl Wolfgang , Killer Monika 
Published: November 2013

Introduction: The Trevo device, a new stent retriever, may be utilized in patients with large cerebral artery occlusion. Methods: Fifty patients with large cerebral artery occlusion and treated with the Trevo device were analyzed. Patients may have received intravenous thrombolysis as a bridging concept in addition to thrombectomy. Outcome and recanalization parameters were documented using the National Institutes of Health Scale, the modified Ranking Scale (mRS) and Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) score. Results: In all, 82% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 69%-91%) were documented with TICI 2b and 3. Good clinical outcome after 90 days (mRS ≤ 2) was assessed in 61% (95% CI: 46%-75%). Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in 6 patients (12%, 95% CI: 1%-17%). The overall mortality rate was 14% (95% CI: 6%-27%). Conclusion: Thrombectomy with the new stent retriever device is feasible and effective and has an acceptable risk of intra-cerebral hemorrhage even in combination with pharmacological revascularization techniques.
Plasmodium falciparum picks (on) EPCR
Authors: Aird William C. , Mosnier Laurent O. , Fairhurst Rick M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOf all the outcomes of Plasmodium falciparum infection, the coma of cerebral malaria (CM) is particularly deadly. Malariologists have long wondered how some patients develop this organ-specific syndrome. Data from two recent publications support a novel mechanism of CM pathogenesis in which infected erythrocytes (IEs) express specific virulence proteins that mediate IE binding to the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR). Malaria-associated depletion of EPCR, with subsequent impairment of the protein C system promotes a proinflammatory, procoagulant state in brain microvessels.
High-throughput sequencing identification of novel and conserved miRNAs in the Brassica oleracea leaves
Authors: Lukasik Anna , Pietrykowska Halina , Paczek Leszek , Szweykowska-Kulinska Zofia , Zielenkiewicz Piotr 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Plant microRNAs are short (~21 nt) non-coding molecules that regulate gene expression by targeting the mRNA cleavage or protein translation inhibition. In this manner, they play many important roles in the cells of living organisms. One of the plant species in which the entire set of miRNAs has not been yet completely identified is Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage). For this reason and for the economic and nutritional importance of this food crop, high-throughput small RNAs sequencing has been performed to discover the novel and conserved miRNAs in mature cabbage leaves.

Results
In this study, raw reads generated from three small RNA libraries were bioinformatically processed and further analyzed to select sequences homologous to known B. oleracea and other plant miRNAs. As a result of this analysis, 261 conserved miRNAs (belonging to 62 families) have been discovered. MIR169, MIR167 and MIR166 were the largest miRNA families, while the highest abundance molecules were miR167, miR166, miR168c and miR157a. Among the generated sequencing reads, miRNAs* were also found, such as the miR162c*, miR160a* and miR157a*. The unannotated tags were used in the prediction and evaluation of novel miRNAs, which resulted in the 26 potential miRNAs proposal. The expressions of 13 selected miRNAs were analyzed by northern blot hybridization. The target prediction and annotation for identified miRNAs were performed, according to which discovered molecules may target mRNAs encoding several potential proteins – e.g., transcription factors, polypeptides that regulate hormone stimuli and abiotic stress response, and molecules participating in transport and cell communication. Additionally, KEGG maps analysis suggested that the miRNAs in cabbage are involved in important processing pathways, including glycolysis, glycerolipid metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation.

Conclusions
Conclusively, for the first time, the large set of miRNAs was identified in mature cabbage leaves. Potential targets designation for these miRNAs may suggest their essential role in many plants primary biological processes. Presented study not only supplements the knowledge about B. oleracea miRNAs, but additionally it may be used in other research concerning the improvement of the cabbage cultivation.
A whole transcriptomal linkage analysis of gene co-regulation in insecticide resistant house flies, Musca domestica
Authors: Li Ming , Reid William R , Zhang Lee , Scott Jeffery G , Gao Xiwu , Kristensen Michael , Liu Nannan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundStudies suggest that not only is insecticide resistance conferred via multiple gene up-regulation, but it is mediated through the interaction of regulatory factors. However, no regulatory factors in insecticide resistance have yet been identified, and there has been no examination of the regulatory interaction of resistance genes. Our current study generated the first reference transcriptome from the adult house fly and conducted a whole transcriptome analysis for the multiple insecticide resistant strain ALHF (wild-type) and two insecticide susceptible strains: aabys (with morphological recessive markers) and CS (wild type) to gain valuable insights into the gene interaction and complex regulation in insecticide resistance of house flies,Musca domestica.ResultsOver 56 million reads were used to assemble the adult femaleM. domesticatranscriptome reference and 14488 contigs were generated from thede novotranscriptome assembly. A total of 6159 (43%) of the contigs contained coding regions, among which 1316 genes were identified as being co-up-regulated in ALHF in comparison to both aabys and CS. The majority of these up-regulated genes fell within the SCOP categories of metabolism, general, intra-cellular processes, and regulation, and covered three key detailed function categories: redox detailed function category in metabolism, signal transduction and kinases/phosphatases in regulation, and proteases in intra-cellular processes. The redox group contained detoxification gene superfamilies, including cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases, and esterases. The signal transduction and kinases/phosphatases groups contained gene families of rhodopsin-like GPCRs, adenylate and guanylate cyclases, protein kinases and phosphatases. The proteases group contained genes with digestive,catalytic, and proteinase activities. Genetic linkage analysis with house fly lines comparing different autosomal combinations from ALHF revealed that the up-regulation of gene expression in the three key SCOP detailed function categories occurred mainly through the co-regulation of factors among multiple autosomes, especially between autosomes 2 and 5, suggesting that signaling transduction cascades controlled by GPCRs, protein kinase/phosphates and proteases may be involved in the regulation of resistance P450 gene regulation.ConclusionTaken together, our findings suggested that not only is insecticide resistance conferred via multi-resistance mechanisms or up-regulated genes, but it is mediated through thetransand/orcisco-regulations of resistance genes.