bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flying lessons: Malaysia and other airlines avoiding Pan Am’s final destination
Authors: Thomas Mark 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– This article examines the strategic option of airlines facing a crisis. It analyses the current troubles faced by Malaysia Airlines (MAS). Having faced major crises in five months in 2014, the company has been saved only by nationalisation and has a very uncertain future. However, the article shows that the problems of the company can also be traced to bad strategic positioning and some poor management decisions. A comparison with the demise of another former premium airline, Pan American World Airlines (Pan Am), is drawn.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article draws upon over 100 research and press articles as well as discussion with managers in the airline industry.

Findings
– The article shows that bad luck certainly had a negative impact on MAS in 2014. However, just as with Pan Am, luck is not the sole explanation. Given that airlines cannot predict a disaster, maintaining a robust strategic position and healthy finances are vital their survival.

Originality/value
– By drawing parallels with history, the article gives a greater insight into the problems that one company has found itself in. It shows how companies need to be aware of the changing dynamics of an industry and to prepare for crises.
Strategic principles at Southwest Airlines
Authors: Thomas Mark 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– Southwest is the world’s fourth largest airline and has consistently been one of the most admired organisations in the USA. Its founder and Chairman Emeritus, Herb Kelleher, attributes much of this success to the use of strategic principles. This gives a guiding framework for employees within the company but allows them leeway to make their own decisions. The result is greater employee engagement, a more efficient organisation that is adapting to the needs of its major stakeholders and greater customer satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article analysis of the use of the strategic principle methodology at Southwest Airlines. It focuses on the position of Southwest as “THE low fare” airline and the use of humour and different working practices within the airline.

Findings
– The article shows that If this can be done in an industry as heavily regulated as aviation, it can be applied with the same success to many other business sectors and organisations.
Unbundling services: the route to profitability for airlines in India
Authors: Pathak Atul Arun 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to explain how airlines in India and customers can both benefit by the unbundling of services.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper explores how a recent regulatory change allowing unbundled services will affect the airline industry in India. Using illustrations, it highlights the benefits to the airlines and to the customers. It recommends the strategies that airlines can follow.

Findings
– Airlines in India can now offer unbundled services. However, regulatory authorities need to allow greater flexibility to airlines. Given more flexibility, airlines can design offerings that will improve their profitability while simultaneously benefiting customers.

Practical implications
– The government needs to go beyond the current regulatory changes. Providing increased flexibility will benefit both airlines and customers. Airlines would need to understand customers more intimately, experiment in the market, lobby for flexibility and develop strategic agility to benefit from the changed regulations on unbundled services.

Social implications
– It concedes that airlines can now design unbundled services such that only those customers who value a service get charged for the service. Those customers who do not need a service can get away by paying a lower fare. The government has taken the first steps in the right direction. Once it provides greater flexibility, the airlines in India can benefit significantly.

Originality/value
– The paper considers the unique context of the airline industry in India where recent regulatory changes are likely to make the industry more dynamic and improve profitability of airlines. It provides insights in to the challenges faced under the current system and recommends strategies for the government and companies to follow.
WestJet Airlines: hybrid but profitable
Authors: Thomas Mark 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The article looks at a Canadian airline, WestJet, that began as a low-cost carrier and is now adopting a more hybrid strategy. It analyses the difficulty of such a strategy and makes the comparison with Singapore Airlines (SIA) which has attempted to do the same.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article is a case study primarily of WestJet, but also of SIA.

Findings
– The airline industry is notorious for its low profits in the good years and appalling losses in the bad ones. The Canadian airline, WestJet, is one of the few companies that has defied this trend over the past decade. Indeed, it has reported positive net incomes for all but one year since it was created in 1996. In doing so, the Alberta-based firm is bucking not just the trend on profitability but also on strategic positioning.
Evolutionary response of plant interaction traits to nutrient enrichment modifies the assembly and structure of antagonistic‐mutualistic communities
Authors: Georgelin Ewen , Loeuille Nicolas 
Published: September 2015

SummaryNutrient enrichment is one of the major threats acting on natural communities. The ecological consequences of this disturbance for ecosystems have been largely studied, but we still have little knowledge on its evolutionary effects at community scale. We are interested in the evolutionary consequences of nutrient enrichment for plant interaction traits, embedded in complex communities made of antagonistic and mutualistic interactions.We built a mathematical model of a plant–pollinator–herbivore community confronted by nutrient enrichment. Plants have an interaction trait that is involved in an ecological trade‐off. An increase in this trait, leading to more attractive phenotypes, increases the strength of both interactions with pollinators and herbivores. A lower value of this trait leads to defensive phenotypes with weak interactions with both herbivores and pollinators. We use the framework of adaptive dynamics to study the evolutionary dynamics of this kind of traits and the consequences for community dynamics.We found that evolutionary dynamics of plants modify the assembly of the community along a nutrient enrichment gradient. Due to top‐down controls, herbivory leads to priority effects when only ecological dynamics are considered. Evolution of the plant interaction trait alleviates this priority effect and facilitates community assembly. In the three‐species community, we find that nutrient enrichment leads to more defended phenotypes of plants, at the expense of pollinator attraction.We find that, when the ecological trade‐off between pollination and herbivory is convex, evolution of interaction trait may lead to plant diversification. Two plant phenotypes then coexist in the community, one which is highly attractive and one which is highly defensive.Synthesis. Our results suggest that accounting for evolutionary dynamics will profoundly modify the dynamics of communities in the face of nutrient enrichment. Both community assembly and equilibrium dynamics are altered and enrichment may even lead to diversification. These results advocate for the development of an eco‐evolutionary theory of nutrient enrichment and may be particularly important in agro‐ecosystems relying on fertilization.
Fatal Insulin Overdoses: Case Report and Update on Testing Methodology
Authors: Sunderland Nick , Wong Sophia , Lee Carol K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSuicidal insulin overdoses are an under‐recognized and uncommon cause of death, often relying on scene and nonspecific autopsy findings. Here, we present a case report of a fatal exogenous insulin overdose in a patient with type 1 diabetes. In our case, there were no contributory autopsy findings; however, serum analog aspart insulin levels were c. 10× the predicted therapeutic upper limit (4000, reference 6.6–55 uU/mL), which correlated with scene findings. This was specifically determined by a newly developed immunocapture liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay, able to discriminate between various synthetic insulin analogs. Total insulin levels by immunoassay were highly elevated on the Siemens Advia Centaur, but not the Roche platforms (4741 vs. 5.2 uU/mL, respectively), showing variable sensitivity of detection within the same analog depending on assay. We discuss the prevalence and features to look for at autopsy in these types of cases. Additionally, analytical options for testing insulin levels, including new methodologies, guidance on collection of samples, as well as an outline of available historical reference range data are discussed.
Time and financial outcomes of private practice dietitians providing care under the Australian Medicare program: A longitudinal, exploratory study
Authors: Brown Jessica A. , Lee Patricia , Ball Lauren 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo better understand the income of dietitians delivering Medicare Chronic Disease Management services by comparing the amount of time dietitians spend on activities with remuneration received.MethodsData were collected on time invested and remuneration received for 179 consultations provided by 20 dietitians through the Medicare Chronic Disease Management initiative. Descriptive statistics and t‐tests were used to compare time spent and remuneration received. A mixed effects model was performed to assess the significant factors in predicting the mean hourly rate received for consultations.ResultsConsultations accrued an average of $67.32 ± $24.38 (range $0–$150) in remuneration, and required an average of 44 ± 20 minutes (range 14–136 minutes) including over 10 minutes of administration time. The average calculated gross rate of pay was $102.62/hour. Set‐fee consultations were longer than bulk‐billed consultations (51 minutes vs 39 minutes, P = 0.002), but resulted in greater remuneration ($83.20 vs $52.95, P < 0.001). Initial consultations resulted in greater remuneration than review consultations ($76.52 vs $60.75, P < 0.001). Dietitians without administration assistance spent more total time on consultations compared with dietitians with administration support (54 minutes vs 42 minutes, P = 0.001), but there was no difference in fees charged (P > 0.005).ConclusionsThe hourly income received by dietitians providing services under Medicare appears high; however, practice expenditures have not been considered in the present study. Dietitians should consider the logistical and financial outcomes of their practices in order to enhance financial sustainability.
A GIS Framework for Regional Modeling of Riverine Nitrogen Transport: Case Study, San Antonio and Guadalupe Basins
Authors: Tavakoly Ahmad A. , Maidment David R. , McClelland James W. , Whiteaker Tim , Yang Zong‐Liang , Griffin Claire , David Cédric H. , Meyer Lisa 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article presents a framework for integrating a regional geographic information system (GIS)‐based nitrogen dataset (Texas Anthropogenic Nitrogen Dataset, TX‐ANB) and a GIS‐based river routing model (Routing Application for Parallel computation of Discharge) to simulate steady‐state riverine total nitrogen (TN) transport in river networks containing thousands of reaches. A two‐year case study was conducted in the San Antonio and Guadalupe basins during dry and wet years (2008 and 2009, respectively). This article investigates TN export in urbanized (San Antonio) vs. rural (Guadalupe) drainage basins and considers the effect of reservoirs on TN transport. Simulated TN export values are within 10 percent of measured export values for selected stations in 2008 and 2009. Results show that in both years the San Antonio basin contributed a larger quantity than the Guadalupe basin of delivered TN to the coastal ocean. The San Antonio basin is affected by urban activities including point sources, associated with the city of San Antonio, in addition to greater agricultural activities. The Guadalupe basin lacks major metropolitan areas and is dominated by rangeland, rather than fertilized agricultural fields. Both basins delivered more TN to coastal waters in 2009 than in 2008. Furthermore, TN removal in the San Antonio and Guadalupe basins is inversely related to stream orders: the higher the order the more TN delivery (or the less TN removal).
Comparing the performance of three ancient DNA extraction methods for high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Gamba Cristina , Hanghøj Kristian , Gaunitz Charleen , Alfarhan Ahmed H. , Alquraishi Saleh A. , Al‐Rasheid Khaled A. S. , Bradley DANIEL G. , Orlando Ludovic 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe DNA molecules that can be extracted from archaeological and palaeontological remains are often degraded and massively contaminated with environmental microbial material. This reduces the efficacy of shotgun approaches for sequencing ancient genomes, despite the decreasing sequencing costs of high‐throughput sequencing (HTS). Improving the recovery of endogenous molecules from the DNA extraction and purification steps could, thus, help advance the characterization of ancient genomes. Here, we apply the three most commonly used DNA extraction methods to five ancient bone samples spanning a ~30 thousand year temporal range and originating from a diversity of environments, from South America to Alaska. We show that methods based on the purification of DNA fragments using silica columns are more advantageous than in solution methods and increase not only the total amount of DNA molecules retrieved but also the relative importance of endogenous DNA fragments and their molecular diversity. Therefore, these methods provide a cost‐effective solution for downstream applications, including DNA sequencing on HTS platforms.
Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth Disease Type 4H Resulting from Compound Heterozygous Mutations inFGD4from Nonconsanguineous Korean Families
Authors: Hyun Young Se , Lee Jinho , Kim Hye Jin , Hong Young Bin , Koo Heasoo , Smith Alec S.T. , Kim Deok‐Ho , Choi Byung‐Ok , Chung Ki Wha 
Published: September 2015

SummaryCharcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 4H (CMT4H) is an autosomal recessive demyelinating subtype of peripheral enuropathies caused by mutations in theFGD4gene. Most CMT4H patients are in consanguineous Mediterranean families characterized by early onset and slow progression. We identified two CMT4H patients from a Korean CMT cohort, and performed a detailed genetic and clinical analysis in both cases. Both patients from nonconsanguineous families showed characteristic clinical manifestations of CMT4H including early onset, scoliosis, areflexia, and slow disease progression. Exome sequencing revealed novel compound heterozygous mutations inFGD4as the underlying cause in both families (p.Arg468Gln and c.1512‐2A>C in FC73, p.Met345Thr and c.2043+1G>A (p.Trp663Trpfs*30) in FC646). The missense mutations were located in highly conserved RhoGEF and PH domains which were predicted to be pathogenic in nature byin silicomodeling. The CMT4H occurrence frequency was calculated to 0.7% in the Korean demyelinating CMT patients. This study is the first report of CMT4H in Korea.FGD4assay could be considered as a means of molecular diagnosis for sporadic cases of demyelinating CMT with slow progression.
Treatment outcomes in opioid dependent patients with different buprenorphine/naloxone induction dosing patterns and trajectories
Authors: Jacobs Petra , Ang Alfonso , Hillhouse Maureen P. , Saxon Andrew J. , Nielsen Suzanne , Wakim Paul G. , Mai Barbara E. , Mooney Larissa J. , S. Potter Jennifer , Blaine Jack D. 
Published: September 2015

Background and ObjectivesInduction is a crucial period of opioid addiction treatment. This study aimed to identify buprenorphine/naloxone (BUP) induction patterns and examine their association with outcomes (opioid use, retention, and related adverse events [AEs]).MethodsThe secondary analysis of a study of opioid‐dependent adults seeking treatment in eight treatment settings included 740 participants inducted on BUP with flexible dosing.ResultsLatent class analysis models detected six distinctive induction trajectories: bup1‐started and remained on low; bup2‐started low, shifted slowly to moderate; bup3‐started low, shifted quickly to moderate; bup4‐started high, shifted to low; bup5‐started and remained on moderate; bup6‐started moderate, shifted to high dose (Fig. 1). Baseline characteristics, including Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS), were important predictors of retention. When controlled for the baseline characteristics, bup6 participants were three times less likely to drop out the first 7 days than bup1 participants (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = .28, p = .03). Opioid use and AEs were similar across trajectories. Participants on ≥16 mg BUP compared to those on <16 mg at Day 28 were less likely to drop out (aHR = .013, p = .001) and less likely to have AEs during the first 28 days (aOR = .57, p = .03).Discussion and ConclusionsBUP induction dosing was guided by an objective measure of opioid withdrawal. Participants with higher baseline COWS whose BUP doses were raised more quickly were less likely to drop out in the first 7 days than those whose doses were raised slower.Scientific SignificanceThis study supports the use of an objective measure of opioid withdrawal (COWS) during BUP induction to improve retention early in treatment. (Am J Addict 2015;XX:XX–XX)
Contesting Urban Metabolism: Struggles Over Waste‐to‐Energy in Delhi, India
Authors: Demaria Federico , Schindler Seth 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRecent scholarship on the materiality of cities has been criticized by critical urban scholars for being overly descriptive and failing to account for political economy. We argue that through the conceptualization of urban metabolisms advanced by ecological economists and industrial ecologists, materialist and critical perspectives can be mutually enriching. We focus on conflict that has erupted in Delhi, India. Authorities have embraced waste‐to‐energy incinerators, and wastepickers fear that these changes threaten their access to waste, while middle class residents oppose them because of their deleterious impact on ambient air quality. We narrate the emergence of an unlikely alliance between these groups, whose politics opposes the production of a waste‐based commodity frontier within the city. We conclude that the materiality and political economy of cities are co‐constituted, and contestations over the (re)configuration of urban metabolisms span these spheres as people struggle to realize situated urban political ecologies.
First‐trimester glycosylated hemoglobin in women at high risk for gestational diabetes
Authors: Amylidi Sofia , Mosimann Beatrice , Stettler Christoph , Fiedler Georg Martin , Surbek Daniel , Raio Luigi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionOur aim was to investigate the prognostic value of first‐trimester glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in pregnant women with risk factors for developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Material and methodsThis is an observational retrospective cohort study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland. We included pregnant women at high risk for GDM (n = 208), who had an HbA1c measurement in the first trimester. We compared HbA1c values of women who later developed GDM with those who did not develop GDM. Diagnosis of GDM was made on the basis of a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test performed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. We further examined the prevalence of GDM in relation to the first‐trimester HbA1c value.ResultsThe prevalence of GDM in our high‐risk group was 14.7%. Women who developed GDM had significantly higher first‐trimester HbA1c values [5.43 ± 0.31% (36 ± 3 mmol/mol) vs. 5.23 ± 0.28% (34 ± 3 mmol/mol); p = 0.0026]. Moreover, all pregnant women with HbA1c ≥6.0% (42 mmol/mol) developed GDM, whereas those with <4.5% (26 mmol/mol) did not.ConclusionsWomen at risk for GDM have higher first‐trimester HbA1c levels and values ≥6.0% (42 mmol/mol) are predictive of GDM. This information may be useful for counseling these women and providing appropriate advice on diet and lifestyle modification early in pregnancy.
Attitudes towards the resuscitation of periviable infants: a national survey of American Muslim physicians
Authors: Arzuaga Bonnie , Adam Huda , Ahmad Maha , Padela Aasim 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo examine the associations between American Muslim physicians' characteristics and intended behaviours towards resuscitation of 22‐ and 23‐week gestation infants.MethodsThis national survey of physician members of the Islamic Medical Association of North America inquired about physician religiosity, their practice of referring to Islamic resources for bioethical guidance, their preferred model of patient–doctor decision‐making and the perceived importance of quality‐of‐life determinations with respect to medical decision‐making. Four vignettes described birth of a 22‐ and a 23‐week gestation infant. Respondents were given estimated survival data for each and asked whether they would attempt resuscitation.ResultsA total of 255 of 626 responses received. About 51% and 85% of respondents believed that a 22‐ and a 23‐week gestation infant should be resuscitated, respectively. If parents opposed resuscitation, 44% (22 weeks) and 46% (23 weeks) of respondents still endorsed resuscitating. Respondents who were more religious, referred more often to Islamic bioethical resources and did not believe that quality‐of‐life determinations were tied to life's value had greater odds of endorsing resuscitation in many of the scenarios.ConclusionAmerican Muslim physicians have high rates of support for delivery room resuscitation of periviable infants. Their intended behaviour appears to associate with religious values.
Association of house staff training with mortality in children with critical illness
Authors: Gupta Punkaj , Tang Xinyu , Rettiganti Mallikarjuna , Lauer Casey , Kacmarek Robert M. , Rice Tom B. , Markovitz Barry P. , Wetzel Randall C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association of house staff training with mortality in children with critical illness.MethodsPatients <18 years of age in the Virtual PICU Systems (VPS, LLC) Database (2009–2013) were included. The study population was divided in two study groups: hospitals with residency programme only and hospitals with both residency and fellowship programme. Control group constituted hospitals with no residency or fellowship programme. The primary study outcome was mortality before intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate association of training programmes with ICU mortality.ResultsA total of 336 335 patients from 108 centres were included. Case‐mix of patients among the hospitals with training programmes was complex; patients cared for in the hospitals with training programmes had greater severity of illness, had higher resource utilisation and had higher overall admission risk of death compared to patients cared for in the control hospitals. Despite caring for more complex and sicker patients, the hospitals with training programmes were associated with lower odds of ICU mortality.ConclusionOur study establishes that ICU care provided in hospitals with training programmes is associated with improved adjusted survival rates among the Virtual PICU database hospitals in the United States.