bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Homoleptic Ruthenium “Star” Complexes by Click Reaction for TiO2 Sensitization
Authors: Chitre Keyur P. , Guillén Elena , Yoon Audri Soojin , Galoppini Elena 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHomoleptic RuII complexes carrying rigid linkers for attachment to semiconductor surfaces were synthesized by using the click reaction. Star‐shaped complexes KStar‐TzC‐pBn (1a) and KStar‐TzC‐Ipa (1b), composed of 2,2′‐bipyridine ligands 4,4′‐disubstituted with 1,2,3‐triazole rings connected to the Ru complex through the C4 of the 1,2,3‐triazole (Tz) ring and capped with p‐benzoic (pBn) and isophthalic (Ipa) methyl esters, respectively, as well as KStar‐TzN‐pBn (1c), connected to the Ru complex through the N1 of the Tz ring, were studied in solution and bound to semiconducting TiO2 and insulating ZrO2 nanoparticle films.
LC–MSMS analysis of acetamiprid residue in crude palm oil
Authors: Yeoh Chee Beng , Chong Chiew Let 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA method for acetamiprid residue detection and quantification in crude palm oil (CPO) using LC–MSMS after the clean‐up with graphite packed SPE was developed. This method was validated in house and passed all important validation tests such as linearity, intermediate precision, and repeatability test. The limit of detection and quantification of the method were estimated from an acetamiprid standard calibration curve and the values were 4 and 10 ng/g, respectively. To examine the efficiency of the developed method, recovery experiment was carried out at the method limit of quantification using CPO, crude sunflower oil, crude rapeseed oil, and refined soybean oil. Results showed that this method was suitable for the analysis of acetamiprid residue in these oils with the recoveries ranged from 79 to 116%.
Specific procedure for analysing steryl glucosides in olive oil
Authors: Gómez‐Coca Raquel B. , Pérez‐Camino María del Carmen , Moreda Wenceslao 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAvoiding any kind of oil sample pretreatment, a fraction containing the steryl glucosides (SG) was directly isolated by SPE. This fraction was derivatised and analysed by GC in order to quantify the SG content. The limit of detection of the method was 0.37 mg/kg and the recovery 90%. Additionally, the identity of the SG was confirmed by MS. We applied the procedure to oil samples of different categories and origins indicating that the only SG that could be quantified in olive oil was β‐sitosteryl glucoside, which was present at concentrations not higher than 3.00 mg/kg.Practical applications: Olive oil is of upmost importance from both the nutritional point of view and from the economic repercussion that fraud may have. Among the many parameters required by the EU in order to determine olive oil characteristics, SG are completely overlooked and no specific methodology has been elaborated so far. We have developed a straightforward protocol for the determination of SG in olive oil. This method can be used to provide an additional identity parameter and a new blend indicator. This method is fast, cheap and easy to perform. Besides, it has a great potential for automation which would allow its routine application. The possibility of applying the procedure to study vegetable oils used in the biodiesel industry is also pointed out.
Limbic system structures differentially contribute to exploratory trip organization of the rat
Authors: Winter Shawn S. , Köppen Jenny R. , Ebert Tialia B.N. , Wallace Douglas G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe role of limbic system structures in spatial orientation continues to be debated. The hippocampus (HPC) has been implicated in encoding symbolic representations of environments (i.e., cognitive map), whereas entorhinal cortex (EC) function has been implicated in self‐movement cue processing (i.e., dead reckoning). These distinctions largely depend on the electrophysiological characteristics of cells within these regions and behavioral tasks that typically fail to dissociate environmental and self‐movement cue processing. Topographic and kinematic characteristics of exploratory trip organization have been shown to differentially depend on environmental and self‐movement cue processing. The present study examines the effects of either HPC or EC lesions on exploratory trip organization under varying lighting conditions. HPC lesions selectively impaired all measures of performance under dark conditions, but spared all measures of performance under light conditions. EC lesions impaired kinematic measures related to distance estimation under all conditions and impaired all measures of performance under light conditions. These results provide evidence that the HPC is involved in processing self‐movement cues but not environmental cues, and EC is involved in processing distance estimates generated from either self‐movement or environmental cues. These observations provide further support for serial processing of self‐movement cues through limbic system structures that converge on the HPC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterization of Shape‐Memory Polyurethane–Polybenzoxazine Compounds
Authors: Erden Numan , Jana Sadhan C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe study investigates the scope for significant enhancements in shape‐memory properties in blends of thermoplastic polyurethanes (PUs) and polybenzoxazine (PB). PB was expected to serve as a second fixed phase in addition to hard segment of PU. The shape‐memory compounds were prepared in three steps. First, benzoxazine monomer was dissolved in urethane prepolymer synthesized from 4,4′‐methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) and poly (tetramethylene) glycol (PTMG). Second, the prepolymer was chain extended with 1,4‐butanediol (BD) without curing of benzoxazine. Third, the benzoxazine was polymerized into PB by thermal curing at 180 °C for 3 h. A compound with 17 wt% PB exhibited a recovery stress (RS) of 13 MPa and strain recovery (SR) of 93% compared with RS of 6.8 MPa and SR of 72% for PU.magnified image
Poly(acrylic acid) Undergoes Partial Esterification During RAFT Synthesis in Methanol and Interchain Disulfide Bridging Upon NaOH Treatment
Authors: Pelet Jeisa M. , Putnam David 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this work, poly(acrylic acid) was synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using 4,4′‐azobis(4‐cyanopentanoic acid) and 4‐cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate as a radical initiator and chain transfer agent, respectively. By varying the reactant ratios, we achieved poly(acrylic acid) with molecular weights up to 55 100 and polydispersities of ≈1.2. Upon characterization of the final products, we detected, as a side reaction, partial esterification of the carboxyl side chain groups when the polymerization was conducted in methanol. Treatment of the esterified polymer with base resulted in acrylic acid homopolymers, but also led to end‐group disulfide bridging, which was reversed using a reducing buffer.
The neurobiology and neural circuitry of cognitive changes in Parkinson's disease revealed by functional neuroimaging
Authors: Ray Nicola J. , Strafella Antonio P. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often develop a spectrum of cognitive symptoms that can evolve into dementia. Dopamine (DA) replacement medications, though improving motor symptoms, can exert both positive and negative effects on cognitive ability, depending on the severity of the disease and the specific skill being tested. By considering the behavioral and clinical aspects of disease‐ and treatment‐mediated changes in cognition alongside the pathophysiology of PD, an understanding of the factors that govern the heterogeneous expression of cognitive impairment in PD is beginning to emerge. Here, we review the neuroimaging studies revealing the neural correlates of cognitive changes after DA loss and DA replacement as well as those that may accompany the conversion from milder stages of cognitive impairment to frank dementia. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Chemieunterricht in Vietnam — Begegnungen und Beobachtungen
Authors: Becker Hans‐Jürgen , Nguyen Minh Quang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEin objektiver Lerngegenstand wie die Naturwissenschaft Chemie bedeutet nicht, dass auch die fachdidaktischen Konzepte universell und kulturübergreifend anwendbar sind. Dies zeigt ein Blick nach Asien: Ein von Fachsprache und Fachstruktur geprägter, lehrerzentrierter Chemieunterricht ist in Vietnam selbstverständlich und verhindert nicht, dass Schüler positive Einstellungen entwickeln.
Von der Wagenremise zur prosperierenden Fabrik
Authors: Reschetilowski Wladimir 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAb Oktober ist in Radebeul die ehemalige Salicylsäurefabrik und spätere Chemische Fabrik Dr. F. von Heyden “Historische Stätte der Chemie”. Die GDCh würdigt damit das Wirken von bedeutenden Persönlichkeiten aus Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft: Friedrich von Heyden, Hermann Kolbe und Rudolf Schmitt hatten dort mit der Salicylsäureproduktion begonnen, später erfand Richard Seifert die Rezeptur für Odol. In den 1940er Jahren entwickelte Richard Müller in der Fabrik das Verfahren zur Silikonherstellung.
Deterministic deployment based on information coverage in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Zheng Jianying , Huang Yan , Wang Yiming , Xiao Yang 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTIn this study, a deterministic deployment problem in wireless sensor networks is examined. On the basis of information coverage, we study equilateral triangle and square deployment strategies, and we provide the maximum distance between sensors in order to reach the required detection probability for any point in the monitoring field. First, we provide a model of the signal attenuation. On the basis of the detected signal from the K sensors, the best linear and unbiased estimation is used to estimate the signal parameter with the corresponding error. For the equilateral triangle deployment, the maximum distance between sensors is computed and provided when the received signal data from two or three sensors is used. Similarly, we have computed and supplied the maximum distance between sensors in the square deployment. Simulations are performed to show the relationship between the number of sensors and the detection probability. The simulation results show that it is not a good choice to improve the detection probability with a larger number of sensors.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Operation Magpie’: Inspiring Teachers' Professional Learning Through Environmental Science
Authors: Zeegers Yvonne , Paige Kathryn , Lloyd David , Roetman Philip 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOperation Magpie was a citizen science project that involved the community in collecting data about magpies. This article describes one aspect of the project from an education perspective. The study began with a collaboration of teacher educators, environmental scientists and a local radio station. After an initial workshop with 75 teachers, three teacher educators met regularly with 13 primary teachers who each volunteered to plan and teach a unit of work on birds. Meeting regularly in focus groups, the teachers shared their pedagogical strategies that supported students to connect with their local environment. Findings include the importance of focused professional learning for teachers through ongoing, needs-based support during the planning and teaching of the unit, and the innovative ways that teachers approached the unit. One unexpected finding was that teachers tended to identify student learning in terms of the English curriculum rather than the science curriculum.
Drivers and Blockers: Embedding Education for Sustainability (EfS) in Primary Teacher Education
Authors: Wilson Sue 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe growing emphasis on sustainability in school curricula in Australia reflects international trends in education. Teacher education is a vital strategy for the incorporation of Education for Sustainability (EfS) in school curricula. Research to identify drivers and barriers to embedding EfS across a primary teacher education program in an Australian university is the focus of this article. Using a mixed methods approach, data were gathered through document and unit outline audits, a self-efficacy pre-service teacher (PST) survey, and staff and PST focus group interviews. The audits identified a foundation of EfS principles and content across units. Lecturers identified societal and personal drivers and blockers to embedding EfS across the course, with lack of time considered the biggest blocker, which is also consistent with existing school-based research on the nature of teachers' work. PST responses described successful learning outcomes; however, confidence towards teaching sustainability varied. PST reported that the incorporation of community networks in their course provided enriching experiences. Embedding EfS involves values, sustainability concerns and appropriate knowledge and skills. Successful implementation will depend on the development of appropriate understandings of teacher educators.
GROUP AGENCY AND EPISTEMIC DEPENDENCY
Authors: Dewitt Aaron 
Published: October 2012

AbstractModern epistemic questions have largely been focused around the individual and her ability to acquire knowledge autonomously. More recently epistemologists have begun to look more broadly in providing accounts of knowledge by considering its social context, where the individual depends on others for true beliefs. Hardwig explains the effect of this shift starkly, arguing that to reject epistemic dependency is to deny certain true beliefs widely held throughout society and, more specifically, it is to deny that science and scholarship can provide true belief. Alternatively, Hardwig argues that beliefs could be granted to communities or groups but denied to individuals. This paper approaches these broad assertions using a group agency model from List and Pettit. Through a discussion of the ‘epistemic desideratum’ of group agents, I conclude that List and Pettit give us reason to accept some of Hardwig's concerns, but that attributing beliefs to groups does not require us to deny them to individuals, rather an individual can use a group agent as a source of epistemic dependence.
Waterlogging tolerance in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.): genotypic variability and identification of tolerant genotypes
Authors: SULTANA R. , VALES M. I. , SAXENA K. B. , RATHORE A. , RAO S. , RAO S. K. , MULA M. G. , KUMAR R. V. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYPigeonpea is an important legume crop of the semi-arid tropics. In India, pigeonpea is mostly grown in areas prone to waterlogging, resulting in major production losses. It is imperative to identify genotypes that show tolerance at critical crop growth stages to prevent these losses. A selection of 272 diverse pigeonpea accessions was evaluated for seed submergence tolerance for different durations (0, 120, 144, 168 and 192 h) under in vitro conditions in the laboratory. All genotypes exhibited high (0·79–0·98) survival rates for up to 120 h of submergence. After 192 h of submergence, the hybrids as a group exhibited significantly higher survival rates (0·79) than the germplasm (0·71), elite breeding lines (0·68) and commercial varieties (0·58). Ninety-six genotypes representing the phenotypic variation observed during laboratory screening were further evaluated for waterlogging tolerance at the early seedling stage using pots, and survival rates were recorded for 8 days after completion of the stress treatment. Forty-nine of these 96 genotypes, representing the phenotypic variation for waterlogging tolerance, were chosen in order to evaluate their performance under natural field conditions. The following cultivated varieties and hybrids were identified as tolerant after three levels of testing (in vitro, in pots and in the field): ICPH 2431, ICPH 2740, ICPH 2671, ICPH 4187, MAL 9, LRG 30, Maruti, ICPL 20128, ICPL 332, ICPL 20237, ICPL 20238, Asha and MAL 15. These materials can be used as sources of waterlogging tolerance in breeding programmes.
The Vulnerable red pandaAilurus fulgensin Bhutan: distribution, conservation status and management recommendations
Authors: Dorji Sangay , Rajaratnam Rajanathan , Vernes Karl 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe red pandaAilurus fulgensis categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Pressurized by an expanding human population, it is mainly threatened by habitat destruction, with < 10,000 mature individuals remaining. The red panda has been studied in India, China, Nepal and, to a lesser extent, Myanmar, but no research has been published on this species in Bhutan. Here, we report on the current distribution and conservation status of the red panda in Bhutan using information gathered from field surveys, interviews and unpublished reports. Red pandas are most common at 2,400–3,700 m altitude in firAbies densaforests with an undergrowth of bamboo. They occur in most national parks and associated biological corridors within Bhutan's protected area network, overlapping with a rural human population that is undergoing increased socio-economic development. Although culturally respected, red pandas face threats from road construction, harvesting of timber, bamboo and minor forest products, livestock grazing, inefficiently managed tourism, and domestic dogs. We believe conservation of red pandas in Bhutan requires (1) inclusion of ecologically sound principles into future development, (2) implementation of programmes that improve rural socio-economy through ecotourism and cultivation of appropriate cash crops, (3) development of education programmes that raise awareness of red pandas for rural people, (4) management of rural dog populations, (5) greater capacity building for wildlife managers, and (6) more ecological research.
Do terrestrial protected areas conserve freshwater fish diversity? Results from the Western Ghats of India
Authors: Abraham Robin Kurian , Kelkar Nachiket 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTerrestrial protected areas are often designated in inaccessible high elevation regions, and usually targeted towards conservation of charismatic large mammals and birds. It has been suggested that such protected areas, with partial coverage of riverine habitats, may not be adequate for conservation of freshwater taxa such as fishes. Also, protected areas are often designated in upstream catchments of dam reservoirs, and conservation of freshwater biodiversity is usually not a priority. We investigated the importance of existing protected areas for conservation of stream fishes within and across three dammed and two undammed rivers in the southern Western Ghats, India (a global biodiversity hotspot). Comparisons of stream sites in protected and unprotected areas were restricted to mid elevations because of confounding factors of dams, elevation and stream order. For dammed rivers, endemic and total species richness was significantly higher inside protected areas than unprotected areas. Total fish species richness increased with decreasing elevation and endemic species richness peaked at mid elevations. Species found in comparable stream orders across dammed and undammed midland river reaches were similar. Intensity of threats such as sand mining, dynamite fishing, pollution and introduced invasive fishes was higher in unprotected than in protected areas. Lack of awareness among managers has also led to the occurrence of some threats within protected areas. However, existing protected areas are vital for conservation of endemic fishes. Our results support the need for extending the scope of terrestrial protected areas towards better representation of freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity.
The role of habitat creation in coral reef conservation: a case study from Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Fadli Nur , Campbell Stuart J. , Ferguson Kathryn , Keyse Jude , Rudi Edi , Riedel Arthur , Baird Andrew H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe describe the successful creation of new reef habitat on Pulau Weh, Indonesia. Coral cover on artificial reef modules increased from a mean of 24±SE 2.4% 1 year after the initial attachment of Acropora spp. coral fragments to 64±SE 4.8% after 3 years. The artificial reef modules were also rapidly colonized by coral recruits. Recruit densities were 53±SE 3.2 m−2 on modules that had been submerged for only 1 year, nearly twice as high as recruit densities on natural reef substratum (31±2.8 m−2). Consequently, the original Acropora assemblage had increased to include at least 23 coral taxa, including 10 additional Acropora species. The artificial reefs also supported at least 29 reef fish species, from 11 families. Unfortunately, this initial success in habitat creation was abruptly halted by a rapid rise in sea temperature in May 2010 that killed almost all corals on the artificial reefs and on nearby natural reefs. Notwithstanding the general view that reef rehabilitation is yet to deliver ecological and conservation benefits at meaningful scales, other benefits of this project included raising the awareness of reef conservation in the local community, promotion of tourism on Pulau Weh and job creation. We conclude, therefore, that habitat creation has a legitimate role as part of an integrated marine conservation strategy.
Novel approach for quantifying illegal bushmeat consumption reveals high consumption of protected species in Madagascar
Authors: Razafimanahaka Julie H. , Jenkins Richard K. B. , Andriafidison Daudet , Randrianandrianina Félicien , Rakotomboavonjy Victor , Keane Aidan , Jones Julia P. G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractInformation on the extent of bushmeat hunting is needed to assess the likely impact on hunted species, to provide information on the opportunity cost to local people of conservation, and to judge the efficacy of interventions at reducing pressure. However, where hunting is illegal, or socially unacceptable, respondents may not answer honestly to direct questions about hunting or consumption of bushmeat. We adapted a specialized method for investigating sensitive behaviours (the randomized response technique, RRT) and questioned 1,851 people in Madagascar about their consumption of six species, using either RRT or direct questions. For most species at most sites RRT and direct questions returned similar estimates of the proportion of the population who had consumed bushmeat in the previous year. However, RRT resulted in significantly higher estimates of bushmeat consumption in communities surrounding a protected area, where conservation activities made such questions sensitive. RRT has been predominately used in Europe and the USA; we demonstrate that it can provide a valuable approach for studying rule-breaking among people with poor literacy in low income countries. Between 12 and 33% of people across our sites had eaten brown lemur (Eulemur spp.), and 12–29% had eaten sifaka (Propithecus spp.) in the previous year. These results add to the growing body of evidence that hunting of protected species in Madagascar is a serious problem requiring urgent action. Conservation interventions to tackle bushmeat hunting will make questions about hunting or consumption more sensitive, increasing the need for researchers to use appropriate approaches for asking sensitive questions.