bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional aspects of future precipitation and meteorological drought characteristics over Southern South America projected by a CMIP5 multi‐model ensemble
Authors: Penalba Olga Clorinda , Rivera Juan Antonio 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThis article addresses the regional impacts of climate change on precipitation and meteorological drought over Southern South America (SSA) through a CMIP5 multi‐model ensemble based on 15 General Circulation Models (GCMs) forced under two different greenhouse gas concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). An assessment of the biases in the representation of the precipitation annual cycle was performed over the 1979–2008 period over five regions within SSA, based on a comparison between the GCMs precipitation outputs with the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) dataset. The multi‐model ensemble well reproduces the shape of the annual cycle of precipitation over most of SSA, although the monthly totals were overestimated (underestimated) over the North‐West and South (North‐East and Central‐East) regions. Changes in precipitation and meteorological drought characteristics were identified by the difference for early (2011–2040) and late (2071–2100) 21st century values with respect to the 1979–2008 baseline, using the standardized precipitation index as a short‐ and long‐term drought indicator. Future climate conditions are expected to modify the regional characteristics of meteorological droughts over SSA, but the range of uncertainty in the expected changes is high. A significant increase in the number of drought events in all the regions for most of the 21st century sub‐periods is projected for the multi‐model ensemble. The mean duration of drought events will be shorter, with no significant changes in the severity of droughts and the occurrence of multi‐decadal changes in the number of critical dry months is likely, although the significance in the changes depends on the region, future time horizon and greenhouse gas concentration pathways. These results overlap with a projected increase in precipitation over most of the regions, which has a strong seasonality and, therefore, will have some implications upon the future meteorological drought developments and the agricultural and hydrological practices in SSA.
A Kinetic Study for the Noncatalytic Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate
Authors: Hong Seok Won , Cho Hyun Jun , Kim Jin‐Kuk , Ahmed Faisal , Yeo Yeong‐Koo 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, the reaction scheme for the esterification of palm fatty acid distillate performed under the noncatalytic and high‐temperature condition (230–290°C) was investigated with a rigorous mathematical modeling. The esterification reaction was assumed to be the pseudo–homogeneous second‐order reversible reaction, and the mass transfer effectiveness factor (η) was introduced in the modeling framework to systematically and collectively consider both evaporation and reaction, which are simultaneously and competitively occurred in the liquid phase. The nonlinear programming problem was constructed with the objective function consisting of the errors between experimental data and the estimated values from the reaction model. The problem was solved by using the Nelder–Mead simplex algorithm to identify kinetic parameters, reaction rate constants, and mass transfer coefficients. The values of mass transfer coefficients were found to follow the Hertz–Knudsen relation and expressed as a function of reaction temperature. From the reaction rate constants obtained from the proposed kinetic models, the apparent activation energy was estimated to be 43.98 kJ/mol, which is lower than the value obtained from the reaction using heterogeneous catalysts. This low value indicates that reactants and products behave as an acid catalyst at relatively high operating temperature and constant pressure.
Localized thermal tumor destruction using dye‐enhanced photothermal tumor therapy
Authors: Diddens‐Tschoeke Heyke C. , Hüttmann Gereon , Gruber Achim D. , Pottier Roy H. , Hanken Henning 
Published: June 2015

Background and ObjectiveIn an attempt to develop a new therapeutic approach for highly localized thermal destruction of tissue targets that lack natural pigmentation, the potential of in‐vivo dye‐enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT) was investigated. PTT involves the application of an exogenous absorber, which accumulates in metabolically active tissues, followed by non‐invasive light irradiation, using appropriate wavelengths, exposure durations, and irradiances. The chromophore used, palladium(II) octabutoxynaphthalocyanine (PdNc(OBu)8), strongly absorbs in the near infrared wavelength range which thus permits good penetration depth of the exciting light. The predominant de‐excitation routes of the chromophore are radiationless thermal processes.Materials and MethodsUsing a BALB/c mouse model with a subcutaneously implanted syngeneic EMT6 adenocarcinoma, 96–100 hours after intraperitoneal application of PdNc(OBu)8, tumor, and surrounding tissue were irradiated with a 830 nm continuous wave diode laser applying 30 Wcm−2 for 10–20 seconds. Treatment parameters were based on theoretical calculations.ResultsHistological evaluation of thermal effects on tumor and normal tissue showed that after PdNc(OBu)8‐enhanced photothermal treatment, highly localized and selective thermal damage of the tumors was achieved. The necrotic tumor area was invaded by inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and lymphocytes, thus reflecting a prominent host immune response. In tumors treated with PTT for 15 or 20 seconds, respectively, only few surviving tumor cells were detected underneath the epidermis. Adjacent peripheral normal tissue including skin and muscle remained completely unaffected.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential of achieving irreversible thermal tissue damage closely localized to the target tissue when PdNc(OBu)8 is used in combination with continuous‐wave light. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:452–461, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lived Experiences of Sex Life Difficulties in Men and Women with Early RA – The Swedish TIRA Project
Authors: Östlund Gunnel , Björk Mathilda , Valtersson Eva , Sverker Annette 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundMen and women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experience restrictions in everyday life, in spite of the development of new medications. Recent research has described in detail how participation limitations are experienced in everyday life from a patient perspective. However, knowledge of how sex and intimate relationships are affected is still scarce.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to explore sex life experiences in relation to sexual function and sexual relationships in men and women with early RA.MethodsThe study formed part of TIRA‐2 (the Swedish acronym for the prospective multicentre early arthritis project). The data collection included 45 interviews with 21 men and 24 women, aged 20–63, which were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The critical incident technique was used to collect data, and content analysis to categorize the results.ResultsHalf the participants stated that RA affected their sex life. The general descriptions formed five categories: sex life and tiredness; sex life and ageing; emotional consequences of impaired sexual function; facilitators of sexual function and sexual relationships; and strain on the sexual relationship.ConclusionsSex life is affected in early RA, in spite of new effective treatment strategies. New strategies of communication, assessment and self‐managing interventions concerning the sex lives of patients with RA need to be implemented by a multidisciplinary healthcare team. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuromuscular complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Ruzhansky Katherine M. , Brannagan Thomas H 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNeuromuscular diseases such as polymyositis, dermatomyositis, peripheral neuropathy, and disorders of neuromuscular transmission are reported to be complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although cases have been reported with allogeneic HSCT in the setting of chronic graft versus host disease, they are also known to occur without evidence thereof and even occur in the setting of autologous HSCT. The 2005 National Institutes of Health Consensus Criteria classify polymyositis and dermatomyositis as “distinctive” features, and neuropathy and MG as “other” features. These neuromuscular complications present very similarly to the idiopathic autoimmune disorders and respond to similar treatment modalities. Muscle Nerve, 2015 Muscle Nerve 52: 480–487, 2015
Pressure‐volume‐temperature and glass transition behavior of silica/polystyrene nanocomposite
Authors: Tao Ran , Simon Sindee L. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe pressure‐volume‐temperature (PVT) behavior and glass transition behavior of a 10 wt % silica nanoparticle‐filled polystyrene (PS) nanocomposite sample are measured using a custom‐built pressurizable dilatometer. The PVT data are fitted to the Tait equation in both liquid and glassy states; the coefficient of thermal expansion α, bulk modulus K, and thermal pressure coefficient γ are examined as a function of pressure and compared to the values of neat PS. The glass transition temperature (Tg) is reported as a function of pressure, and the limiting fictive temperature (Tf′) from calorimetric measurements is reported as a function of cooling rate. Comparison with data for neat PS indicates that the nanocomposite has a slightly higher Tg at elevated pressures, higher bulk moduli at all pressures studied, and its relaxation dynamics are more sensitive to volume. The results for the glassy γ values suggest that thermal residual stresses would not be reduced for the nanocomposite sample studied. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1131–1138
G protein‐coupled odorant receptors: From sequence to structure
Authors: de March Claire A. , Kim Soo‐Kyung , Antonczak Serge , Goddard William A. , Golebiowski Jérôme 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOdorant receptors (ORs) are the largest subfamily within class A G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). No experimental structural data of any OR is available to date and atomic‐level insights are likely to be obtained by means of molecular modeling. In this article, we critically align sequences of ORs with those GPCRs for which a structure is available. Here, an alignment consistent with available site‐directed mutagenesis data on various ORs is proposed. Using this alignment, the choice of the template is deemed rather minor for identifying residues that constitute the wall of the binding cavity or those involved in G protein recognition.
A 3D‐RISM/RISM study of the oseltamivir binding efficiency with the wild‐type and resistance‐associated mutant forms of the viral influenza B neuraminidase
Authors: Phanich Jiraphorn , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada , Sindhikara Daniel , Phongphanphanee Saree , Yoshida Norio , Hirata Fumio , Kungwan Nawee , Hannongbua Supot 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe binding affinity of oseltamivir to the influenza B neuraminidase and to its variants with three single substitutions, E119G, R152K, and D198N, is investigated by the MM/3D‐RISM method. The binding affinity or the binding free energy of ligand to receptor was found to be determined by a subtle balance of two major contributions that largely cancel out each other: the ligand‐receptor interactions and the dehydration free energy. The theoretical results of the binding affinity of the drug to the mutants reproduced the observed trend in the resistivity, measured by IC50; the high‐level resistance of E119G and R152K, and the low‐level resistance of D198N. For E119G and R152K, reduction of the direct drug‐target interaction, especially at the mutated residue, is the main source of high‐level oseltamivir resistance. This phenomenon, however, is not found in the D198N strain, which is located in the framework of the active‐site.
Impact of bismuth incorporation into (Ga,Mn)As thin films on their structural and magnetic properties
Authors: Levchenko K. , Andrearczyk T. , Domagala J. Z. , Wosinski T. , Figielski T. , Sadowski J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStructural and magnetic properties of thin films of the (Ga,Mn)(Bi,As) quaternary diluted magnetic semiconductor grown by the low‐temperature molecular‐beam epitaxy technique on GaAs substrates have been investigated. High‐resolution X‐ray diffraction has been applied to characterize the structural quality and misfit strain in the films. Ferromagnetic Curie temperature and magneto‐crystalline anisotropy of the films have been examined by using SQUID magnetometry and low‐temperature magneto‐transport measurements. Post‐growth annealing treatment of the films has been shown to reduce the strain in the films and to enhance their Curie temperature. Significant increase in the magnitude of magneto‐transport effects caused by incorporation of a small amount of Bi into the films is interpreted as a result of enhanced spin‐orbit coupling in the (Ga,Mn)(Bi,As) films. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Two‐energy‐scale model for description of the thermal quenching of photoluminescence in disordered Ga(As,Bi)
Authors: Shakfa M. K. , Wiemer M. , Ludewig P. , Jandieri K. , Volz K. , Stolz W. , Baranovskii S. D. , Koch M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe thermal quenching of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity in Ga(As,Bi)/GaAs heterostructures is studied experimentally and theoretically. We observed an anomalous plateau in the PL thermal quenching at intermediate temperatures under low excitation conditions. Our theoretical analysis based on a well‐approved theoretical approach shows that this peculiar behavior of the temperature‐dependent PL intensity cannot be interpreted assuming a single‐scale monotonously energy‐dependent density of localized states (DOS). Experimental data clearly point at a non‐monotonous DOS with at least two energy scales. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
“Not what it used to be”: Schemas of class and contradiction in the Great Recession
Authors: Jefferson Anna 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe U.S. housing crisis and Great Recession (2007–9) significantly exacerbated 40 years of rising inequality in America. Widespread concern about the “struggling middle class” epitomizes Americans' anxiety about inequality and the country's claim to great nationhood. This article provides ethnographically grounded analysis of the restructuring of class experiences and discourses in Michigan in 2009 and 2010, from the perspectives of homeowners facing foreclosure and of nonprofit housing counselors who mediate between homeowners and their banks. First I examine homeowners' downward mobility, then I turn to all participants' analyses of the American class system. Most homeowners facing foreclosure emphasized their fall from the middle class to poverty or an in‐between status like “middle working poor.” Such complex self‐locations are not only about class shame or the inadequacy of American class discourse; they are also about maintaining citizenship status. When Michiganders identify as “middle working poor” and other permutations, they struggle to reconcile downward mobility with claims to current rights and their own history as the emblem of the American middle class. Homeowners and housing counselors also tied current class polarization to the long‐term decline of the manufacturing economy and American greatness. Their perception that being middle class is “not what it used to be” underscores the ongoing importance of the mid‐20th century to definitions of the middle class as financially secure. These experiences show simultaneous angst over and normalization of inequality. Because of the centrality of middle‐classness to affirmative citizenship in the United States, the hollowing out of the middle class is experienced as a citizenship of lack and contradiction.
Inequalities beyond the Gini: Subsistence, social structure, gender, and markets in southwestern Madagascar
Authors: Tucker Bram , Lill Elaina , Tsiazonera  , Tombo Jaovola , Lahiniriko Rolland , Rasoanomenjanahary Louinaise , Razafindravelo Pirette Miza , Tsikengo Jean Roger 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDevelopment economists typically apply the same measures of inequality to the Global South as capitalist economies, such as Gini coefficients calculated over cash earnings (income) or asset value (wealth). Yet many rural peoples straddle the market economy of cash and wages and the nonmarket economy of gifts and obligations. We examine inequality in the context of Masikoro farmers, Mikea forager‐farmers, and Vezo marine fishers of rural southwestern Madagascar, using quantitative analyses (Gini scores) and qualitative ethnography (village case studies). Gini coefficients indicate greater inequality for cash income rather than total production, for cash income Gini scores confound income inequality with market dependency, and Gini coefficients indicate greater inequality over individuals rather than households, for the latter scale masks gendered inequality. Among farmers and fishers, inequality may occur due to monopolization of the means of production, but only if private property norms replace traditional redistributive and democratizing institutions. Inequality among Mikea foragers results from friction with nonforaging neighbors. Women may experience greater equality relative to men when the foraging ecology favors their subsistence contributions. Inequality varies in degree, form, and experience; economic inequality cannot be divorced from social and political inequality.
Main minerals of abnormally high-grade ores of the Tomtor deposit (Arctic Siberia)
Authors: Lazareva E.V. , Zhmodik S.M. , Dobretsov N.L. , Tolstov A.V. , Shcherbov B.L. , Karmanov N.S. , Gerasimov E.Yu. , Bryanskaya A.V. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The Tomtor massif of Paleozoic ultramafic alkaline rocks and carbonatites is located in the northern part of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The massif (its total area is ~ 250 km2) is ~20 km in diameter, with a rounded shape and a concentrically zoned structure. The core of the massif consists of carbonatites surrounded by a discontinuous ring of ultramafic rocks and foidolites. The outer part is composed of alkali and nepheline syenites. All rocks are weathered and covered with eluvium, which is the thickest after carbonatites enriched in phosphates and REE. The weathering profile consists of four layers, from the top: kaolinite–crandallite, siderite, goethite, and francolite. The highest-grade ores are observed in the bedded deposit which fills depressions in “sagging” eluvium. The ores are laminated and cryptogranular, with high Nb, Y, Sc, and REE contents (on average, 4.5% Nb2O5, 7–10% REE2O3, 0.75% Y2O3, and 0.06% Sc2O3). The highest-grade ores are natural Nb and REE concentrates. The total REE content in some layers is &gt; 10%. The morphologic features of the highest-grade phosphate ores from the northern part of the Burannyi site were studied. The ore-forming minerals belong to the pyrochlore group, crandallite group (goyazite), and monazite-Ce. The pyrochlore group minerals occur mainly as crystals that were completely replaced by barium–strontium pyrochlore and/or plumbopyrochlore but retained the original faces; also, they occur as numerous conchoidal fragments. The grains of the pyrochlore group minerals sometimes have a zonal structure, with an unaltered pyrochlore core and a reaction rim. Goyazite occurs predominantly as colloform grains. According to SEM and TEM data, monazite occurs in the ores as ~50 nm particles, which cover the outer part of halloysite tubes (800–3000 nm long and 300 nm in diameter) as a dense layer and make up peculiar biomorphic aggregates. The mineralogical data, the occurrence of biomorphic aggregates, and the close association of organic remains with ore minerals suggest that the high-grade ores of the Tomtor deposit, including the Burannyi site, resulted from a hydrothermal–sedimentary process with a presumably important role of bioaccumulation of REE phosphates.
The Medical Home and Care Coordination in Disaster Recovery: Hypothesis for Interventions and Research
Authors: Kanter Robert K. , Abramson David M. , Redlener Irwin , Gracy Delaney 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn postdisaster settings, health care providers encounter secondary surges of unmet primary care and mental health needs that evolve throughout disaster recovery phases. Whatever a community’s predisaster adequacy of health care, postdisaster gaps are similar to those of any underserved region. We hypothesize that existing practice and evidence supporting medical homes and care coordination in primary care for the underserved provide a favorable model for improving health in disrupted communities. Elements of medical home services can be offered by local or temporary providers from outside the region, working out of mobile clinics early in disaster recovery. As repairs and reconstruction proceed, local services are restored over weeks or years. Throughout recovery, major tasks include identifying high-risk patients relative to the disaster and underlying health conditions, assisting displaced families as they transition through housing locations, and tracking their evolving access to health care and community services as they are restored. Postdisaster sources of financial assistance for the disaster-exposed population are often temporary and evolving, requiring up-to-date information to cover costs of care until stable services and insurance coverage are restored. Evidence to support disaster recovery health care improvement will require research funding and metrics on structures, processes, and outcomes of the disaster recovery medical home and care coordination, based on adaptation of standard validated methods to crisis environments. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:337–343)
Shrewd Bargaining on the Moral Frontier: Toward a Theory of Morality In Practice
Authors: Gregory Dees J. , Cramton Peter C. 
Published: June 2015

From a traditional moral point of view, business practitioners often seem overly concerned about the behavior of their peers in deciding how they ought to act. We propose to account for this concern by introducing a mutual trust perspective, where moral obligations are grounded in a sense of trust that others will abide by the same rules. When grounds for trust are absent, the obligation is weakened. We illustrate this perspective by examining the widespread ambivalence with regard to deception about one's settlement preferences in negotiation. On an abstract level, such deception generally seems undesirable, though in many individual cases it is condoned, even admired as shrewd bargaining. Because of the difficulty in verifying someone's settlement preferences, it is hard to establish a basis for trusting the revelations of the other party, especially in competitive negotiations with relative strangers.Brer Rabbit had got himself caught by Brer Fox and was well on his way to becoming evening dinner. Brer Rabbit was in a great deal of deep trouble.There didn’t seem much he could do about this one, but he didn’t seem concerned at all at being the Fox’s dinner. He just said, “Brer Fox I don’t mind if you eat me. But, oh, whatever you do don’t throw me in that briar patch.”Now Brer Fox was surely looking forward to eating his old enemy, but he was mighty curious about Brer Rabbit’s sweating and crying about being thrown into the briar patch.And the more he questioned it the more Brer Rabbit wailed about how much he hated and feared that briar patch.Pretty soon it did seem that Brer Rabbit would rather be eaten than be set among those briars. So Brer Fox threw Brer Rabbit into the heart of the briar patch. Brer Rabbit gleefully scampered away.From the tales of Brer Rabbit