bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CDKN2A mutations could influence the dermoscopic pattern of presentation of multiple primary melanoma: a clinical dermoscopic genetic study
Authors: De Giorgi V. , Savarese I. , D'Errico A. , Gori A. , Papi F. , Colombino M. , Cristina Sini M. , Stanganelli I. , Palmieri G. , Massi D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundPatients who develop cutaneous melanoma are at increased risk of developing a second primary melanoma. There are many aetiological reasons by which the risk of a second melanoma increases. Among others, genetic factors may contribute to modulating this risk. The risk of identifying a CDKN2A germline mutation increases with the number of primary melanomas and with the presence of familial history of melanoma. Patients with melanoma are especially encouraged to have regular follow‐up visits with their dermatologist to perform clinical and dermatoscopic examination. In particular, dermoscopy could be very useful in multiple primary melanoma (MPM) patients.ObjectivesTo analyse the clinical and dermatoscopic features of multiple melanomas, focusing on those features that are more frequently found in the same patient to recognize them earlier and understand whether they appear with the similar peculiar dermatoscopic features, especially in CDKN2A carriers.MethodsMedical records of MPM patients were selected from a database including 1065 patients with histopathologically proven melanoma diagnosis, all treated at the dermatology clinic of the University of Florence from 2000 to 2013. Pictures of melanoma were independently and blindly administered to three dermatologist experts in dermoscopy to evaluate the presence or absence of ABCD criteria for each clinical image, and the main pattern for the dermoscopic images. The results were then analyzed and crossed to rate the clinical and dermoscopic features of MPM.ResultsSeventy five (7.0%) of 1065 patients included in our database were found to carry an MPM disease. Among them, we selected 12 (16%) patients with three or more MPMs. The presence of the CDKN2A melanoma susceptibility gene was observed in 4/12 (33.33%) patients; two patients presented the C500G and c.5 + 1delG polymorphisms in the CDKN2A gene. In CDKN2A carriers, each patient showed a similar and specific dermatoscopic pattern in their lesions.ConclusionsEven being aware of the limitations of this study, according to hereditary characters and their modes of transmissions, we could speculate that for each patient with a CDKN2A germline mutation, it is possible to find the same kind of dermoscopical pattern among their melanocytic tumours.
Pityriasis rosea of Gibert: immunological aspects
Authors: Guarneri F. , Cannavò S.P. , Minciullo P.L. , Gangemi S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMore than 200 years after first description and 150 years after complete definition by Gibert, pityriasis rosea (PR) is still a clinical entity with many obscure aspects. Although great interest was focused on aetiology, studies on immunological mechanisms associated with this disease were rather discontinuous. We present a review of the literature on immunological features of PR, aimed to outline a unified picture of currently available knowledge in this field and create a useful starting point for future research.
Radiotherapy with soft X‐rays in Dupuytren's disease – successful, well‐tolerated and satisfying
Authors: Zirbs M. , Anzeneder T. , Bruckbauer H. , Hofmann H. , Brockow K. , Ring J. , Eberlein B. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundUp to present no curative treatment is known for Dupuytren's disease (DD). Surgery remains the most common treatment but lack of long‐term efficacy and complications limit this therapeutic option.ObjectiveIn a retrospective analysis, the results of radiotherapy with soft X‐rays in the treatment of DD were evaluated.MethodsA total of 206 patients (297 affected hands) with DD were included. Radiation therapy was carried out with soft X‐rays. A structured questionnaire considering patient and disease characteristics and effects of radiotherapy was evaluated after a median follow‐up time of 40 months.ResultsNinety‐three (45%) of the 206 treated patients were reported on a regression of symptoms after radiation. No further disease progression (including patients with regression) was present in 165 patients (80%). Satisfaction with the therapy was expressed with an average score of 7.9 points (visual analogue scale, 0 = not satisfied, 10 = extremely satisfied). Subjective therapeutic effects for 426 nodules and/or cords showed a reduction of 92 nodules and/or cords.ConclusionIn 206 DD patients further disease progression was stopped in most patients. Radiotherapy proved to be well‐tolerated, successful and satisfying for the patients.
The role of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 as prognostic markers in the early stages of tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Aparna Manikkath , Rao Lakshmi , Kunhikatta Vijayanarayana , Radhakrishnan Raghu 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundTongue cancer is the most common intra‐oral malignancy with a high rate of morbidity and mortality owing to its increased propensity for tumor invasion and metastasis. These processes require a controlled degradation of the extracellular matrix. Matrix Metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) and Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) are known to be important regulators of matrix lysis and play a significant role in the metastasis of malignancies.Aim and objectivesTo study the expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in the early stages of tongue squamous cell carcinoma and find the association between their expression and local recurrence, metastasis, and survival rates of the subjects.Materials and methodsFifty‐nine tumor biopsy samples of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in T1N0M0 and T2N0M0 stages were immunostained with MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 antibodies. The immunohistochemical expression was compared with the patient characteristics and outcome.ResultsCytoplasmic expression of MMP‐2 correlated with that of MMP‐9 (r = 0.716, P < 0.001). Greater expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 was observed in patients who subsequently developed local recurrence (P = 0.044 and P < 0.001, respectively), regional and/or distant metastasis (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) of the tumor. Further, a higher expression of these biomarkers was associated with shorter survival. MMP‐9 was found to have better specificity for local recurrence, metastasis and survival.ConclusionOur results showed that these biomarkers may serve as indicators of a patient's risk potential for poor prognosis and presage the need for more aggressive treatment measures.
Inhibition of autophagy augments apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma under nutrient depletion
Authors: Jiang Li‐Cheng , Xin Zhi‐Yuan , Deborah Baremberg , Zhang Jun‐Sheng , Yuan Dao‐Ying , Xu Kai , Liu Xian‐Bin , Jiang Hu‐Quan , Fan Qing‐Chun , Zhang Bin , Li Ke‐Yi 
Published: September 2014

There has been little research conducted regarding autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Given the prevalence of oral cancers which are OSCC and the severe side effects of current treatments, there is a pressing need to develop effective alternative therapies. In this study, we have endeavored to explore the biological characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line KB cells, in particular with regard to the role played by autophagy in their survival. Autophagy was activated by nutrient depletion via culturing cells in Earle's balanced salts (EBSS) and was measured via indices relating to Beclin 1, microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3 (MAPLC3, LC3), p62, and Green fluorescent protein–light chain 3 plasmid transfection (GFP‐LC3). Cell death and apoptosis induced by nutrient depletion was measured using both MTT assay and flow cytometry (FCM). Compared to initial levels at 0 h, Beclin 1 density in EBSS‐treated cells was found to have increased at 6, 12, and 18 h in a time‐dependent manner and was found to have subsequently declined at 24 and 48 h. p62 levels, LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio, and GFP‐LC3 levels increased at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 h in a time‐dependent manner. 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) was found to inhibit autophagy and the expression of Beclin 1 and significantly enhanced nutrient depletion‐induced apoptosis and death. We concluded that nutrient depletion enhances OSCC cell autophagy in time‐course patterns and that the inhibition of autophagy augments apoptosis in OSCC cells. We also deduced that Beclin 1 takes part in the development and progression of autophagy, potentially playing an important role in the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in OSCC cells. These findings suggest that nutrient depletion may be an effective way to explore autophagy and that autophagy inhibitors should be investigated as a potential novel agent for the adjuvant treatment of human OSCC.
The low‐affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75NTR identifies a transient stem cell‐like state in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Osman Tarig A. , Parajuli Himalaya , Sapkota Dipak , Ahmed Israa A. H. , Johannessen Anne Ch. , Costea Daniela Elena 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundAlthough several markers have been used for enrichment of cells with stem cell‐like properties in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), isolation of a pure subpopulation is still a challenging task. Normal oral and esophageal keratinocyte stem cells have been previously isolated using the low‐affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75NTR.ObjectiveTo investigate the potential of p75NTR as a marker for identification and isolation of oral cancer cells with stem cell‐like properties.MethodsSubpopulations of cells with high or low expression of p75NTR were sorted from OSCC‐derived cells and compared for sphere/colony formation, in vivo tumor formation ability, expression of stem cell‐related molecules, cell cycle distribution and drug resistance.Resultsp75NTRHigh cells exhibited statistically significant higher stem cell properties than p75NTRLow cells in all assays performed. Nevertheless, p75NTRLow subpopulation did also exhibit some stem cell features, but to a lesser extent. Propagation of p75NTRLow cells for several passages in culture showed that the expression of p75NTR could rise spontaneously. This finding was also supported by the similar expression of p75NTR by the xenografts generated by both subpopulations in NOD\SCID IL2Rgnullmice.Conclusionp75NTR can be used for isolating a subpopulation enriched for cells with stem cell‐like properties in OSCC. De novo generation of p75NTRHigh cells from p75NTRLow cells suggests either that there is another subpopulation with stem cell features within the p75NTRLow cells, or that the p75NTRLow cells can dedifferentiate due to a contextually regulated equilibrium between stem cell‐like cells and transit‐amplifying neoplastic progenitors.
Combating against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus – two fatty acids from Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) exhibit synergistic effects with erythromycin
Authors: Chan Ben C L , Han X Q , Lui Sau Lai , Wong C W , Wang Tina B Y , Cheung David W S , Cheng Sau Wan , Ip Margaret , Han Simon Q B , Yang Xiao-Sheng , Jolivalt Claude , Lau Clara B S , Leung Ping Chung , Fung Kwok Pui 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Objectives
The aims of this study were to identify the active ingredients from Portulaca oleracea L. (PO) that could provide synergism with antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and their possible mechanisms of resistance inhibition.

Methods
High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and a panel of laboratory MRSA strains were used for checkerboard and efflux inhibitory assays.

Key findings
Linoleic and oleic acids were identified from HSCCC fraction 18 of PO with synergistic antibacterial activity when combined with erythromycin against RN4220/pUL5054. Ethidium bromide efflux inhibitory studies revealed that linoleic and oleic acids may interfere the activity of MsrA pump. By comparing among a panel of linoleic and oleic acids analogues, unsaturated fatty acids in salt form with cis configuration and an increase in number of double bonds were found to further increase the antibacterial activity when used alone or in combination with antibiotics.

Conclusion
This study reported for the first time that two active ingredients, namely linoleic and oleic acids, were identified from PO with synergistic antibacterial activity when combined with erythromycin against MRSA RN4220/pUL5054 and possibly act by inhibiting the efflux pumps of the bacteria cells.
Clonal and bud bank traits: patterns across temperate plant communities
Authors: Klimešová Jitka , Herben Tomáš 
Published: September 2014

AbstractQuestionsWe examine patterns of clonal traits and below‐ground bud bank traits in plant communities over a large set of temperate vegetation types. We asked (i) how clonal traits are distributed in different community types and (ii) what are within‐community patterns of these traits as an indication of their role in species coexistence and community assembly.LocationCzech Republic.MethodsWe use a stratified set of more than 20,000 vegetation records from the Czech National Phytosociological Database as a source of species co‐occurrence and habitat type data, and combined it with data on clonal and bud bank traits from the CLO‐PLA database. We calculated both community trait means and dispersions for all records in the database and used a series of randomization tests to assess effects of environmental filtering and within‐community assembly.ResultsHabitat filtering was stronger in bud bank traits than in clonal traits. The key factors driving structure of clonal traits in Central Europe seem to be differences in productivity and in wetness. These gradients are responsible for a major change in clonal growth parameters, from clonal plants with short and persistent connections in dry and unproductive habitats to plants with long‐ and short‐lived connections in wet and productive sites. Size of the bud bank is rather uncorrelated with this gradient: species with small below‐ground bud bank size prevail in highly disturbed and in water habitats. None of the traits showed significant overdispersion, either at the level of the whole data set, or at the level of individual habitat types.ConclusionsCapacity for clonal growth occurs under many different environmental regimes and can give rise to very different growth forms. Therefore, using capacity for clonal growth as a proxy for clonal reproduction, capture of horizontal space or resprouting capacity may hinder understanding of its role. Absence of overdispersion after accounting for habitat filtering means that we found no evidence that clonal traits play a role in niche‐based coexistence processes.
Management of the unstable isolated zygomatic arch fracture: a case study and review of the literature
Authors: Veale B. , Varley I. , Lee N. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIsolated fractures of the zygomatic arch are a relatively common injury, and reduction of the fracture is usually accomplished via a ‘closed’ or ‘indirect’ technique such as a temporal approach. Such methods are extremely successful but, on the rare occasion when the reduction is unstable, do not afford access for direct fixation. Several methods of supporting the unstable fragments have been suggested. We compare the methods described and suggest an approach to management of the unstable arch with a case example.
The origin of annelids
Authors: Parry Luke , Tanner Alastair , Vinther Jakob 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAnnelids are a phylum of segmented bilaterian animals that have become important components of ecosystems spanning terrestrial realms to the deep sea. Annelids are remarkably diverse, possessing high taxonomic diversity and exceptional morphological disparity, and have evolved numerous feeding strategies and ecologies. Their interrelationships and evolution have been the source of much controversy over the past century with the composition of the annelid crown group, the relationship of major groups and the body plan of the ancestral annelid having undergone major recent revisions. There is a convincing body of molecular evidence that polychaetes form a paraphyletic grade and that clitellates are derived polychaetes. The earliest stem group annelids from Cambrian Lagerstätten are errant, epibenthic polychaetes, confirming that biramous parapodia, head appendages and diverse, simple chaetae are primitive for annelids. Current evidence from molecular clocks and the fossil record suggest that crown group annelids are a Late Cambrian – Ordovician radiation, with clitellates radiating in the Late Palaeozoic. Their body fossil record is largely confined to deposits showing exceptional preservation and is punctuated by the acquisition of hard parts in major groups. The discovery of an Ordovician fossil with soft tissues has shown that machaeridians are in fact a clade of crown polychaetes. They were in existence for more than 200 million years and possess unique calcitic dorsal armour, allowing their mode of life and phylogeny to be interpreted in the context of the annelid body plan. We identify a novel clade of machaeridians, the Cuniculepadida, which exhibit a series of adaptations for burrowing.
Effects of dexmedetomidine on cardiorespiratory regulation in spontaneously breathing newborn rats
Authors: Tamiya Junko , Ide Ryoji , Takahashi Masayuki , Saiki Chikako 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBackgroundDexmedetomidine, a selective α2‐adrenoceptor agonist, is a new sedative agent.ObjectiveTo examine the dexmedetomidine‐associated changes in cardiorespiratory indices in spontaneously breathing newborn rats.MethodsAn abdominal catheter to administer drugs and subcutaneous electrodes to record electrocardiographic data were inserted into 2‐ to 4‐day‐old rats under isoflurane anesthesia; the rats were then placed in individual chambers. After recovery from the anesthesia, the rats received intraperi‐toneal administrations of normal saline (NS, vehicle), dexmedetomidine (50 μg·kg−1), or dexmedetomidine (50 μg·kg−1) followed 5 min later with NS or the selective α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole (1 mg·kg−1) (n = 10 in each group). Cardiorespiratory indices were recorded for each animal throughout the experiment.ResultsDexmedetomidine administration significantly decreased heart rate (HR) and minute ventilation (V′E) (P < 0.05) compared with control, whereas NS administration did not. The decrease in HR and V′E after dexmedetomidine administration was significantly less in rats that received atipamezole (P < 0.05) than in those that received NS after dexmedetomidine administration. The dexmedetomidine‐associated V′E depression was attributed to a significant decrease in respiratory frequency (fR) but not tidal volume (VT). The change in fR was reversed by atipamezole administration, which itself induced no significant changes in HR and fR.ConclusionIn spontaneously breathing immature rats, dexmedetomidine administration significantly reduced HR and V′E. Because atipamezole fully reversed decreases in fR and therefore V′E, dexmedetomidine‐related respiratory suppression occurs predominantly through α2‐adrenoceptor‐related suppression of fR.
Why “Why?”? Action, Reasons and Language
Authors: Teichmann Roger 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn Intention, Anscombe characterises intentional actions as “the actions to which a certain sense of the question ‘Why?’ is given application”. Some philosophers have seen Anscombe's reference to “Why?”, and to other workings of language, as heuristic devices only. I argue that, on the contrary, we should see the enquiry‐and‐response dialogue, and related dialogues, as essential foci of the sort of investigation Anscombe is undertaking, one which looks to a certain kind of language‐game and the human purpose or purposes which lie behind it. This approach can be fruitfully extended to other questions in the philosophy of action and of mind.
Should Home‐Based Contraceptive Dispensing become a Routine part of Public Health Nurse Practice? Review of Nurse Perceptions
Authors: Jacob‐Files Elizabeth , Rdesinski Rebecca , Storey Marni , Gipson Teresa , Cohen Deborah J. , Olds David , Melnick Alan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveWe examined public health nurses’ beliefs about the safety of dispensing hormonal contraceptives in the home, the extent to which they considered contraceptive dispensing within their scope of practice, and the types of support needed to effectively dispense contraceptives in the home.Design and SampleWe conducted focus groups in Washington State with 24 home visiting nurses participating in a Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) randomized clinical trial in which nurses dispensed hormonal contraceptives during home visits.MeasuresWe assessed the feasibility of the intervention and barriers and facilitators to home dispensing of hormonal contraceptives.ResultsNurses were, on average 52 years old and had been working in nursing approximately 25 years, with between 5 and 18 years of experience working in a family planning setting. Overall, nurses believed that, with the right training and support, dispensing of hormonal contraceptives in the home was safe and fit within their scope of practice. Those nurses who reported resistance to the intervention cited inadequate training, lack of clear protocols, and sufficient support as important deterrents.ConclusionsHome‐based contraceptive dispensing by nurses is a feasible enhancement of the NFP program. To ensure that nurses are confident and able to dispense hormonal contraceptives, training, clinical protocols, consultation, and logistical support are needed.
Opposite regulation of inhibitory synaptic plasticity by α and β subunits of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II
Authors: Nagasaki Nobuhiro , Hirano Tomoo , Kawaguchi Shin‐ya 
Published: September 2014

Key points
At inhibitory synapses on a cerebellar Purkinje neuron, depolarization‐caused Ca2+ increase induces long‐term potentiation (known as rebound potentiation, RP).
We show that the subunit composition of a Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) holoenzyme, consisting of α‐ and βCaMKII, is critical for RP induction.
βCaMKII plays an essential role in RP induction depending on the high affinity for Ca2+/CaM but not on the F‐actin‐binding property, whereas αCaMKII negatively regulates it.
βCaMKII enrichment prolongs total CaMKII activation depending on Thr286/287 autophosphorylation.
α‐ and βCaMKII expression ratio might play critical roles in regulation of synaptic functions in the central nervous system.
AbstractInduction of several forms of synaptic plasticity, a cellular basis for learning and memory, depends on the activation of Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). CaMKII acts as a holoenzyme consisting of α and β subunits (α‐ and βCaMKII). However, it remains elusive how the subunit composition of a CaMKII holoenzyme affects its activation and hence synaptic plasticity. We addressed this issue by focusing on long‐term potentiation (LTP) at inhibitory synapses on cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs) (called rebound potentiation, RP). The contribution of each subunit to RP was examined by selective knock‐down or overexpression of that subunit. Electrophysiological recording from a rat cultured PN demonstrated that βCaMKII is essential for RP induction, whereas αCaMKII suppresses it. Thus, RP was negatively regulated due to the greater relative abundance of αCaMKII compared to βCaMKII, suggesting a critical role of CaMKII subunit composition in RP. The higher affinity of βCaMKII to Ca2+/CaM compared with αCaMKII was responsible for the predominant role in RP induction. Live‐cell imaging of CaMKII activity based on the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique revealed that βCaMKII enrichment enhances the total CaMKII activation upon a transient conditioning depolarization. Taken together, these findings clarified that α‐ and βCaMKII oppositely regulate CaMKII activation, controlling the induction of inhibitory synaptic plasticity in a PN, which might contribute to the adaptive information processing of the cerebellar cortex.