bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paving the Way? Penalty and Atonement in Thomas Aquinas's Soteriology
Authors: Peterson Brandon 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article explores the soteriology of Thomas Aquinas. In particular, it considers recent debates over whether Thomas altered Anselm's satisfaction theory in a way which opened the door to the later theory of penal substitution. The article argues that Thomas did indeed alter Anselm's atonement theory in this way insofar as he incorporates punishment within his concept of satisfaction; however, it further contends that his use of ‘placation’ or ‘appeasement’ language does not contribute to such an alteration.
Impact of age, gender and indigenous status on access to diagnostic coronary angiography for patients presenting with non‐ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes in Australia
Authors: Roe Y. L. , Zeitz C. J. , Mittinty M. N. , McDermott R. A. , Chew D. P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUsing Australian guidelines for management of acute coronary syndromes, we investigated the proportion of high‐risk patients enrolled in the Acute Coronary Syndromes Prospective Audit registry who received a coronary angiogram. A prospective nationwide multicentre registry involving 39 Australian hospitals was used. The study cohort were patients with high‐risk clinical features without ST segment elevation (n = 1948) admitted from emergency departments between 1 November 2005 and 31 July 2007. Eighty nine per cent of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and only 53% of eligible patients with high‐risk acute coronary syndromes with no ST elevation received a diagnostic angiogram. Increasing age was associated with lower rates of angiography; a high‐risk patient at the age of ≥70 years was 19% less likely to receive an angiogram than one at the age of <70 years (risk ratio (RR) = 0.81 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76, 0.76). Women were 26% less likely than men to receive an angiogram (RR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.65, 0.83). The adjusted RR from the multivariate analysis suggests that a patient at the age of ≥70 years was 35% less likely to receive an angiogram than one at the age of <70 years (RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.60, 0.73), and that women were 13% less likely than men to receive an angiogram (RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.80, 0.96). Indigenous patients were as likely to access angiography as eligible non‐indigenous patients (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.85, 1.25). There is underinvestigation of high‐risk patients without ST segment elevation in Australian hospitals, particularly for women and older patients. Indigenous patients are younger and have poorer risk profiles, and represent a group that would benefit from greater investment in prevention strategies.
Spectral decomposition with f−x−y preconditioning
Authors: Bonar David , Sacchi Mauricio 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTSpectral decomposition, or local time‐frequency analysis, tries to enhance the amount of information one can obtain from a seismic volume by finding the frequency content of the seismic data at each time sample. However, if a small amount of noise is present within the seismic amplitude volume, it has the potential to become more prominent in the spectrally decomposed data especially if high‐resolution or sparsity promoting methods are utilized. To combat this problem post‐processing noise removal has commonly been employed, but these techniques can potentially degrade the resolution of small‐scale geological structures in their attempt to remove this noise. Rather than de‐noising the spectrally decomposed data after they are generated, we propose to incorporate the ideas of f−x−y deconvolution within the spectral decomposition process to create an algorithm that has the ability to de‐noise the time‐frequency representation of the data as they are being generated. By incorporating the spatial prediction error filters that are utilized for f−x−y deconvolution with the spectral decomposition problem, a spatially smooth time‐frequency representation that maintains its sparsity, or high‐resolution characteristics, can be obtained. This spatially smooth high‐resolution time‐frequency representation is less likely to exhibit the random noise that was present in the more conventionally obtained time‐frequency representation. Tests on a real data set demonstrate that by de‐noising while the time‐frequency representation is being constructed, small‐scale geological structures are more likely to maintain their resolution since the de‐noised time‐frequency representation is specifically built to reconstruct the data.
In VitroBiomechanical Comparison of a 4.5 mm Narrow Locking Compression Plate Construct Versus a 4.5 mm Limited Contact Dynamic Compression Plate Construct for Arthrodesis of the Equine Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
Authors: Ahern Benjamin J. , Showalter Brent L. , Elliott Dawn M. , Richardson Dean W. , Getman Liberty M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo compare thein vitrobiomechanical properties of a 4.5 mm narrow locking compression plate (PIP‐LCP) with 2 abaxially located transarticular screws and a 4.5 mm limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC‐DCP) with 2 abaxially located transarticular screws using equine pasterns.Study DesignExperimental. Pairedin vitrobiomechanical testing of 2 methods for stabilizing adult equine forelimb PIP joints.AnimalAdult equine forelimbs (n = 8 pairs).MethodsEach pair of PIP joints were randomly instrumented with either a PIP‐LCP or LC‐DCP plate axially and 2 parasagitally positioned 5.5 mm transarticular screws. The proximal aspect of the proximal phalanx (P1) and the distal aspect of the middle phalanx (P2) were embedded to allow for mounting on a mechanical testing machine. Each construct was tested in both cyclic and subsequently single cycle to failure in 4‐point bending. The displacement required to maintain a target load of 1 kN over 3600 cycles at 1 Hz was recorded. Maximum bending moment at failure and construct stiffness was calculated from the single cycle to failure testing.ResultsIn cyclic testing, significantly more displacement occurred in the LC‐DCP (0.46 ± 0.10 mm) than for the PIP‐LCP (0.17 ± 0.11 mm) constructs (P = .016). During single cycle testing there was no significant difference in the bending moment between the LC‐DCP (148.7 ± 19.4 N m) and the PIP‐LCP (164.6 ± 17.6 N m) constructs (P = .553) and the stiffness of the LC‐DCP (183.9 ± 26.9 N mm) was significantly lower than for the PIP‐LCP (279.8 ± 15.9 N/mm) constructs (P = .011). All constructs failed by fracture of the bone associated with the transarticular screws and subsequently bending of the plates at the middle hole.ConclusionsUse of the PIP‐LCP resulted in a stiffer construct of the same strength as the LC‐DCPin vitrousing this 4‐point bending model.
The mouse transcription factor‐like 5 gene encodes a protein localized in the manchette and centriole of the elongating spermatid
Authors: Shi Y. , Zhang L. , Song S. , Teves M. E. , Li H. , Wang Z. , Hess R. A. , Jiang G. , Zhang Z. 
Published: February 2013

SummarySpermiogenesis is the final phase of spermatogenesis. During this process, haploid round spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa, with dramatic morphological changes, including elongation and condensation of the nuclei, and formation of the flagella.Meig1is one of many genes involved in the regulation of this process. Male mice deficient inMEIG1 are sterile with a severe defect in spermiogenesis, associated with dramatic disruption of the spermatid manchette and failure of flagellogenesis. A yeast two‐hybrid screen using full‐lengthMEIG1 as bait identified transcription factor‐like 5 protein (TCFL5) as a putative interacting proteins. Interestingly, this protein was also identified as a potential binding partner ofSPAG16, another protein essential for spermatogenesis, and also a binding partner ofMEIG1. The interaction betweenTCFL5 andMEIG1 was confirmed in cultured cells over‐expressing the two proteins. The mouseTcfl5transcript is present only in the testis, and its expression is significantly increased during spermiogenesis. However, little is known aboutTCFL5 protein and its role in male germ cells. A rabbit polyclonal antibody was generated against the C‐terminal region ofTCFL5. MouseTCFL5 protein was expressed in the testis but not in mature spermatozoa. During the first wave of spermatogenesis,TCFL5 expression was dramatically increased at day 30 after birth. In the testis and a mixture of dispersed testicular cells, the protein co‐localized with α‐tubulin, a manchette marker in early elongating spermatids. The protein also localized in the centrioles of late elongating spermatids. No obvious differences inTCFL5 epitope abundance and localization were observed between wild type and theMeig1‐deficient mice. These findings suggest thatTCFL5 may play a role upstream ofMEIG1 action, and based on putative binding partners and localization is likely to be involved in spermiogenesis and formation of the sperm flagella.
Long‐Term Efficacy and Safety of Two Different Rhythm Control Strategies in Elderly Patients with Symptomatic Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: BLANDINO ALESSANDRO , TOSO ELISABETTA , SCAGLIONE MARCO , ANSELMINO MATTEO , FERRARIS FEDERICO , SARDI DAVIDE , BATTAGLIA ALBERTO , GAITA FIORENZO 
Published: February 2013

Ablation versus Drugs in Elderly Persistent AFBackgroundWe prospectively compared the efficacy, safety, and quality of life (QoL) impact of catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) in elderly patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods and ResultsFour hundred and twelve consecutive patients, aged ≥ 70 years, underwent ablation (Group A, 153 patients) or AAD (Group B, 259 patients). Study endpoints: treatment failure (any AF/AT lasting >30 seconds) and treatment‐related adverse events (acute when ≤1 month of procedure and long term when >1 month). At a follow‐up of 60 ± 17 months, 43% and 46% patients in Group B versus 58% and 76% in Group A were in sinus rhythm (SR), respectively, after one (P = 0.003) and 2 procedures (P < 0.001). Fifteen acute adverse events occurred (6.7% in Group A vs 1% in Group B, P < 0.001), mainly periprocedural cerebral thromboembolism (3.3% in Group A vs 0.7% in Group B, P = 0.058). Previous TIA/stroke resulted the only independent predictor of periprocedural cerebrovascular accidents (OR 1.2, 95%IC 1.1–1.3). At follow‐up, 74 long‐term adverse events occurred (7.7% in Group A vs 23.9% in Group B, P < 0.001) with Group B patients more often experiencing AAD‐related adverse events (12.7% vs 2.6%, P < 0.001). Group A and absence of AF/AT recurrences significantly improved QoL scores (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn elderly persistent AF patients, catheter ablation is more effective in maintaining SR and in improving QoL than AAD but is affected by a higher risk of embolic complications, particularly in patients with previous TIA/stroke. Over time, Group A patients more likely discontinued AAD with a reduction of long‐term adverse events.
Latest Progress in Microsporidian Genome Research
Authors: Corradi Nicolas , Selman Mohammed 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMicrosporidia are obligate intracellular pathogens of medical and ecological importance whose genomes have been studied extensively over the last decade. Such studies have focused on the remarkably reduced gene content that characterizes all known species, and some have unraveled the mechanisms that are involved in their extreme genome compaction. In the last year, a large number of new genome sequences from several divergent members of the group have been finally released and analyzed, and these have revealed the presence of many features that were previously unsuspected to exist within the group. This study aims to shortly review the most recent progress in the field of microsporidian genomics, highlighting the importance of the most recently released genome data for our understanding of the biology and evolution of this important group of parasites.
Inhibition of interleukin‐17‐stimulated interleukin‐6 and ‐8 production by cranberry components in human gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells
Authors: Tipton D. A. , Cho S. , Zacharia N. , Dabbous M. K. 
Published: February 2013

Background and ObjectiveGingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts participate in periodontal inflammation and destruction, producing interleukin (IL)‐6, a regulator of osteoclastic bone resorption, and the neutrophil chemoattractant IL‐8. IL‐17, a product of T‐helper 17 cells, may play a role in periodontitis by stimulating cytokine production by gingival cells. The cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) is rich in polyphenols, particularly proanthocyanidins, which have antioxidant and other beneficial properties. Cranberry components inhibit pro‐inflammatory activities of lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated human macrophages, gingival fibroblasts, and epithelial cells, but little is known of its effects on IL‐17‐stimulated cytokine production. The objectives were to determine the effects of IL‐17 ± cranberry components on IL‐6 and IL‐8 production by human gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts.Material and MethodsCranberry high molecular weight non‐dialyzable material (NDM), which is rich in proanthocyanidins, was derived from cranberry juice. Human gingival epithelial cells and normal human gingival fibroblasts were incubated with NDM (5–50 μg/mL), IL‐17 (0.5–100 ng/mL), or NDM + IL‐17 in serum‐free medium for 6 d. IL‐6 and IL‐8 in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. Membrane damage and viability were assessed by lactate dehydrogenase activity released into cell supernatants and activity of a mitochondrial enzyme, respectively. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Scheffe's F procedure for post hoc comparisons.ResultsIn both cell lines, IL‐17 (≥ ~5–10 ng/mL) significantly stimulated production of IL‐6 (p < 0.005) and IL‐8 (p < 0.03). Non‐toxic levels of NDM inhibited constitutive IL‐6 and IL‐8 production by epithelial cells (p ≤ 0.01) and fibroblasts (p ≤ 0.03) as well as IL‐17‐stimulated cytokine production by epithelial cells [IL‐6 (maximum ~80% inhibition; p ≤ 0.0001); IL‐8 (maximum ~70% inhibition; p ≤ 0.03)] and fibroblasts [IL‐6 (maximum ~90% inhibition; p ≤ 0.0001); IL‐8 (maximum ~80% inhibition; p ≤ 0.008)].ConclusionCranberry NDM inhibition of constitutive and IL‐17‐stimulated IL‐6 and IL‐8 production by gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells suggests that cranberry components could be useful as a host modulatory therapeutic agent to prevent or treat periodontitis.
Cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase expression in fibroblasts from peri‐implantitis lesions in response to viable Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Irshad M. , Scheres N. , Anssari Moin D. , Crielaard W. , Loos B. G. , Wismeijer D. , Laine M. L. 
Published: February 2013

Background and ObjectiveTo assess inflammatory reactions of fibroblasts in the pathophysiology of peri‐implantitis, we compared the pro‐inflammatory and matrix‐degrading responses of gingival and granulation tissue fibroblasts from periodontally healthy controls, peri‐implantitis, and periodontitis lesions to an in vitro challenge with Porphyromonas gingivalis.MethodsFibroblasts from periodontally healthy, peri‐implantitis and periodontitis donors were challenged with viable P. gingivalis. The inflammatory reactions of fibroblasts were analyzed before and after 6 h P. gingivalis challenge, and 2.5 and 18 h after removal of the challenge. Gene expression and induction of pro‐inflammatory mediators, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were assessed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsNon‐challenged fibroblasts from peri‐implantitis and periodontitis lesions expressed higher levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐8, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1 than fibroblasts from periodontally healthy individuals. The P. gingivalis challenge induced expression of IL‐1β, IL‐8, IL‐6, MCP‐1, and MMP‐1 in periodontitis and peri‐implantitis fibroblasts, but not in fibroblasts from periodontally healthy individuals. MMP‐8 expression was higher in non‐challenged peri‐implantitis fibroblasts than in fibroblasts from periodontally healthy individuals. However, the P. gingivalis challenge downregulated MMP‐8 gene expression in peri‐implantitis fibroblasts. After removal of the P. gingivalis challenge, peri‐implantitis fibroblasts sustained higher induction of IL‐1β, MCP‐1, and MMP‐1 compared to periodontitis fibroblasts.ConclusionsFibroblasts from peri‐implantitis and periodontitis lesions gave a more pronounced inflammatory response to the P. gingivalis challenge than fibroblasts from healthy donors. They may therefore be involved in the development of inflammation in peri‐implantitis and periodontitis. Moreover, the sustained upregulation of inflammatory mediators and MMP‐1 in peri‐implantitis fibroblasts may play a role in the pathogenesis of peri‐implantitis.
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration leads to increased whole‐plant isoprene emission in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides)
Authors: Sun Zhihong , Niinemets Ülo , Hüve Katja , Rasulov Bahtijor , Noe Steffen M. 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Effects of elevated atmospheric [CO2] on plant isoprene emissions are controversial. Relying on leaf‐scale measurements, most models simulating isoprene emissions in future higher [CO2] atmospheres suggest reduced emission fluxes. However, combined effects of elevated [CO2] on leaf area growth, net assimilation and isoprene emission rates have rarely been studied on the canopy scale, but stimulation of leaf area growth may largely compensate for possible [CO2] inhibition reported at the leaf scale. This study tests the hypothesis that stimulated leaf area growth leads to increased canopy isoprene emission rates.

We studied the dynamics of canopy growth, and net assimilation and isoprene emission rates in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides) grown under 380 and 780 μmol mol−1 [CO2]. A theoretical framework based on the Chapman–Richards function to model canopy growth and numerically compare the growth dynamics among ambient and elevated atmospheric [CO2]‐grown plants was developed.

Plants grown under elevated [CO2] had higher C : N ratio, and greater total leaf area, and canopy net assimilation and isoprene emission rates. During ontogeny, these key canopy characteristics developed faster and stabilized earlier under elevated [CO2]. However, on a leaf area basis, foliage physiological traits remained in a transient state over the whole experiment.

These results demonstrate that canopy‐scale dynamics importantly complements the leaf‐scale processes, and that isoprene emissions may actually increase under higher [CO2] as a result of enhanced leaf area production.
The limited value of traditional morphometric features in stromatoporoid taxonomy
Authors: Wolniewicz Pawel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe morphological variation of stromatoporoids, which are solitary organisms, is partitioned into its presumably genetic and environmental components. Potentially heritable, environmentally mediated and residual components of morphological variability were estimated in a test set containing Devonian stromatoporoids of the genus Gerronostromaria from southern Poland using analysis of variance. The taxonomic importance of traditional morphometric features is limited, because they are dominated by the intra‐skeletal component of variance. Conventional metrics were therefore replaced by stereological and textural quantities. Both stereological and textural features are dominated by the inter‐skeletal and inter‐locality components of variation and thus may be valuable in taxonomic and environmental studies of stromatoporoids. Statistical analyses of these characters (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) were performed. Of 13 characters considered most useful in taxonomic studies, only five have been used previously in conventional species definitions.
Larval performance of the oriental fruit moth across fruits from primary and secondary hosts
Authors: NAJAR‐RODRIGUEZ ADRIANA , BELLUTTI NATHALIE , DORN SILVIA 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA common characteristic of many invasive herbivorous insects is their ability to utilize a broad range of host plants. By using various hosts in phenological succession, multivoltine herbivores may increase the number of successful annual generations, at the same time as potentially increasing their overall fitness. To achieve such success, herbivores must be able to develop efficiently on the nutritional resources offered by their hosts. The oriental fruit moth Cydia (= Grapholita) molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is one of the most damaging invasive insect species. Peach (Prunus persica) is its primary host, whereas the pome fruits apple (Malus × domestica Borkh) and pear (Pyrus communis) are considered as secondary hosts. In many parts of its geographical range, including southern Europe, populations of the moth switch from peach to apple or pear orchards during the growing season. The present study tests whether this temporal switch is supported by the physiological capability of the larvae with respect to developing efficiently on fruits of these taxonomically‐related host plants. Larvae are reared on peach, apple or pear fruits; several life‐history traits are measured; and correlations between the traits are calculated. The results obtained show that larvae do not have the same physiological capability with respect to using apple or pear fruits as hosts compared with using peach fruit. Pear fruit in particular is a sub‐optimal diet. These findings suggest that, in the case of continuous geographical expansion, concomitantly with global warming, apple orchards might support oriental fruit moth populations better than pear orchards, and that the switch onto novel hosts might be accompanied by restricted population growth.
Effects of diet and host access on fecundity and lifespan in two fruit fly species with different life‐history patterns
Authors: HARWOOD JAMES F. , CHEN KEHUI , MÜLLER HANS‐GEORG , WANG JANE‐LING , VARGAS ROGER I. , CAREY JAMES R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe reproductive ability of female tephritids can be limited and prevented by denying access to host plants and restricting the dietary precursors of vitellogenesis. The mechanisms underlying the delayed egg production in each case are initiated by different physiological processes that are anticipated to have dissimilar effects on lifespan and reproductive ability later in life. The egg‐laying abilities of laboratory‐reared females of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedmann) and melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett) from Hawaii are delayed or suppressed by limiting access to host fruits and dietary protein. In each case, this is expected to prevent the loss of lifespan associated with reproduction until protein or hosts are introduced. Two trends are observed in each species: first, access to protein at eclosion leads to a greater probability of survival and a higher reproductive ability than if it is delayed and, second, delayed host access reduces lifetime reproductive ability without improving life expectancy. When host access and protein availability are delayed, the rate of reproductive senescence is reduced in the medfly, whereas the rate of reproductive senescence is generally increased in the melon fly. Overall, delaying reproduction lowers the fitness of females by constraining their fecundity for the remainder of the lifespan without extending the lifespan. © 2013 The Royal Entomological Society