bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable damping energy regenerative damper for self-powered sensors and self-sensing devices in smart electric buses
Authors: Abdelrahman Mansour , Fan Chengliang , Yi Minyi , Zhang Zutao , Ali Asif , Xia Xiaofeng , Mohamed A A , Mugheri Shoukat Ali , Ahmed Ammar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the increasing adoption of electric buses (EBs) worldwide has contributed significantly to reducing environmental pollution. Nevertheless, the most challenging obstacle hindering the efficiency of EBs is their power supply. In this study, a multi-purpose variable damping energy regenerative damper (VD-ERD) using a double coaxial slotted link motion conversion mechanism was proposed for health monitoring of the EBs suspension system, tunning the damping during the operation on different road conditions while providing electric energy for self-powered sensors in EBs. The VD-ERD consists of two identical generators; one is connected to optimal constant resistance for maximum energy harvesting, and the other is linked to adjustable resistance for fine-tuning the damping. Consequently, both generators connect to a rectifier and storage circuits. Furthermore, VD-ERD was developed in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate its performance in damping and energy harvesting in different road excitations. The VD-ERD achieved an 11.59 W peak and 1.84 W RMS power at 50 km h−1 on an ISO class A road and a 36.38 W peak and 6.34 W RMS power on an ISO class B road. In addition, the experimental finding indicated that controlling the external resistance is capable of tuning the damping. Simultaneously, the prototype achieved a peak power output of 10.29 W at 12 mm and 3 Hz. Furthermore, the voltage signals received from the generators were analyzed using a deep learning model to monitor the condition of the suspension system in four different modes, namely slow, medium, fast, and failure; the result shows 99.37% training accuracy. Feasibility analysis and performance testing showed that VD-ERD provides sufficient power to 10 sensors, indicating that it can power the self-powered and self-sensing devices of EBs.
Identification of potential external breakage of construction work areas in transmission corridors based on DETR
Authors: Yang Zhi , Wang Ke , Zhang Sihang , Liu Bin , Li Mengxuan , Liu Yi , Zhao Binbin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Construction work such as large-scale machinery may lead to transmission line failures and endanger the safe work of power grids. A DETR-based method for identifying the potential damage caused by construction work in transmission corridors is proposed, which combines the advantages of convolutional neural network (CNN) and transformer. Firstly, the ResNet-50 network is deployed to extract the image features of the construction work areas. Then, the DETR network with encoder-decoder structure is used for multi-scale training and prediction to obtain the identification results of the external breakage potentials in the construction areas of transmission corridors. Experiments show that the average accuracy (AP) of monitoring and identifying the construction work areas using the DETR network reaches 0.856, which can accurately identify the potential hazards in the construction work areas and provide data for the safe work of transmission corridors.
Fish-inspired tracking of underwater turbulent plumes
Authors: Gunnarson Peter , Dabiri John O 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Autonomous ocean-exploring vehicles have begun to take advantage of onboard sensor measurements of water properties such as salinity and temperature to locate oceanic features in real time. Such targeted sampling strategies enable more rapid study of ocean environments by actively steering towards areas of high scientific value. Inspired by the ability of aquatic animals to navigate via flow sensing, this work investigates hydrodynamic cues for accomplishing targeted sampling using a palm-sized robotic swimmer. As proof-of-concept analogy for tracking hydrothermal vent plumes in the ocean, the robot is tasked with locating the center of turbulent jet flows in a 13,000-liter water tank using data from onboard pressure sensors. To learn a navigation strategy, we first implemented RL on a simulated version of the robot navigating in proximity to turbulent jets. After training, the RL algorithm discovered an effective strategy for locating the jets by following transverse velocity gradients sensed by pressure sensors located on opposite sides of the robot. When implemented on the physical robot, this gradient following strategy enabled the robot to successfully locate the turbulent plumes at more than twice the rate of random searching. Additionally, we found that navigation performance improved as the distance between the pressure sensors increased, which can inform the design of distributed flow sensors in ocean robots. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness and limits of flow-based navigation for autonomously locating hydrodynamic features of interest.
Jet bundle geometry of scalar field theories
Authors: Alminawi Mohammad , Brivio Ilaria , Davighi Joe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
For scalar field theories, such as those effective field theories (EFTs) describing the Higgs, it is well-known that the 2-derivative Lagrangian is captured by geometry. That is, the set of operators with exactly 2 derivatives can be obtained by pulling back a metric from a field space manifold M to spacetime Σ. We here generalise this geometric understanding of scalar field theories to higher- (and lower-) derivative Lagrangians. We show how the entire EFT Lagrangian with up to 4-derivatives can be obtained from geometry by pulling back a metric to Σ from the 1-jet bundle that is (roughly) associated with maps from Σ to M. More precisely, our starting point is to trade the field space M for a fibre bundle

π
:
E
→
Σ

, with fibre M, of which the scalar field φ is a local section. We discuss symmetries and field redefinitions in this bundle formalism, before showing how everything can be ‘prolongated’ to the 1-jet bundle

J
1

E

which, as a manifold, is the space of sections φ that agree in their zeroth and first derivatives above each spacetime point. Equipped with a notion of (spacetime and internal) symmetry on

J
1

E

, the idea is that one can write down the most general metric on

J
1

E

consistent with symmetries, in the spirit of the effective field theorist, and pull it back to spacetime to build an invariant Lagrangian; because

J
1

E

has ‘derivative coordinates’, one naturally obtains operators with more than 2-derivatives from this geometry. We apply this formalism to various examples, including a single real scalar in 4d and a quartet of real scalars with O(4) symmetry that describes the Higgs EFTs. We show how an entire non-redundant basis of 0-, 2-, and 4-derivative operators is obtained from jet bundle geometry in this way. Finally, we study the connection to amplitudes and the role of geometric invariants.
Exact approaches on the string worldsheet
Authors: Demulder Saskia , Driezen Sibylle , Knighton Bob , Oling Gerben , Retore Ana L , Seibold Fiona K , Sfondrini Alessandro , Yan Ziqi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We review different exact approaches to string theory. In the context of the Green–Schwarz superstring, we discuss the action in curved backgrounds and its supercoset formulation, with particular attention to superstring backgrounds of the AdS
3 type supported by both Ramond–Ramond and Neveu–Schwarz–Neveu–Schwarz fluxes. This is the basis for the discussion of classical integrability, of worldsheet-scattering factorisation in the uniform lightcone gauge, and eventually of the string spectrum through the mirror thermodynamic Bethe ansatz, which for AdS
3 backgrounds was only derived and analysed very recently. We then illustrate some aspects of the Ramond–Neveu–Schwarz string, and introduce the formalism of Berkovits–Vafa–Witten, which has seen very recent applications to AdS
3 physics, which we also briefly review. Finally, we present the relation between M-theory in the discrete lightcone quantisation and decoupling limits of string theory that exhibit non-relativistic behaviors, highlighting the connection with integrable

T

T
¯

deformations, as well as the relation between spin-matrix theory and Landau–Lifshitz models.
This review is based on lectures given at the Young Researchers Integrability School and Workshop 2022 ‘Taming the string worldsheet’ at NORDITA, Stockholm.
Beam-steering by a phase-transition metal-based 1-bit programmable metasurface
Authors: Das Priyanka 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Here the beam-steering mechanism is demonstrated using a 1 bit coded metasurface at 2.5 THz. Each unit cell of the metasurface is loaded with vanadium dioxide (VO2) which undergoes phase transition upon excitation by an external stimulus. The electrical and magnetic properties of VO2 change as the transition takes place from insulator to metal resulting in a reflection phase change of 180°. When the metasurface is excited by a microstrip patch antenna placed at a focal distance above it, the reflected beam is directed at an angle of 22°, as a result of anomalous reflection. By changing the coding pattern of the metasurface, the reflected beam is redirected at −22°. Four different coding patterns have been proposed to depict beam-steering action by the metasurface. The maximum gain registered by the reflect-array integrated antenna is 21 dBi at 2.5 THz. THz beam steering assists in forming directional beams which can be deployed in wireless transmission of THz waves.
Surface enhancement on TIG welded dissimilar Al-Mg alloy with ER5356 and scandium composites filler rod
Authors: Raj R Ashok , Chanakyan C , Prabu D Antony , Prabagaran S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The effect of different process parameters on Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welded dissimilar aluminium magnesium alloy AA5083-H111 and AA5052-H32 by using ER5356 filler rod and scandium added ER5356 composites is investigated in this research. Extremely required in the automobile and aerospace industries, some defects like micro pores and weaken the fusion zone on the joint are identified with ER5356 filler rod. To resolve these defects, scandium added ER5356 composite filler rod is used to compose the TIG welded joints with free defects. There are three different TIG welding process parameters like Current (A), gas flow rate (L/min) and (0, 0.25 and 0.5 wt% of Scandium with ER5356 filler rod are used by Taguchi L9 method. The macrostructure, microstructure and mechanical properties of TIG welded joints are investigated on all the welded samples. To optimize the process parameter is more significant, therefore grey relational analysis used to optimize the parameters with identified mechanical properties tensile strength and micro hardness, respectively. Out of different process parameters, joint made with process parameter current at 190 A, gas flow rate 10 l min−1 and 0.50% scandium added ER5356 enhances the mechanical properties (264 MPa and 119 Hv) which is maximum than other scandium free ER5356 and 0.255 scandium filler rod and enhanced strength welded sample exhibited fine grain refinement on the weld seam. Due to added scandium on the welded zones, secondary phase particles are generated during SEM examination and the optimized samples were utilized for fractography test to exhibit the ductile nature in fractured area. The EDS mapping also shows the elemental distribution on the welded zones, the scandium plays the major role as a better reinforcement to improve intermetallic strength. Finally, the grey with ANOVA also proves that the scandium added joints achieves influencing process parameters.
Efficiency of reducing silver ions to silver nanoparticle using carbon dots
Authors: Le Thi Hoa , Nguyen Chi Thuan , Nguyen Quoc Hien , Tran Thai Hoa , Dang Xuan Du 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been suitably synthesized by reduction of silver ion (Ag+) using carbon dots (CDs) as a reducing agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizing agent. The purpose of this study was to clarify the efficiency of reducing agent (CDs) for the synthesis of AgNPs. The CDs and AgNPs have been characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were also used to characterize CDs. The particle size of CDs and AgNPs was determined by Dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results showed that the CDs with particle size of 4.6 nm could be efficiently reduce silver ion at a sufficient ratio of CDs/silver ion to be 100 ml 1 mM−1. The average size of AgNPs was 41 nm. The results of DLS measurement showed that the Zeta potential of AgNPs was −18, 8 mV. In addition, the duration of 60 min was needed to reduce silver ion completely at ambient temperature. The as-synthesized AgNPs may have a potential for antibacterial application and the other purposes as well namely catalysis, biosensor, electromagnetic coating...
Characterization of wood plastic composites made with recycled waste tire rubber
Authors: Shaneei Behnam , Rezvani Mohammad Hadi , Ghofrani Mohammad , Chotikhun Aujchariya , Ayrilmis Nadir 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Green materials are currently demanded for construction as well as other products since the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) in 2021. Using renewable and sustainable resources to innovate new materials such as composites is encouraged. This study aimed to investigate the physical and mechanical characteristics of wood plastic composites (WPCs) when adding waste tire rubber as filler for 10% or 20% by weight. The results showed that the density of the WPC samples (50 wt% wood − 50 wt% high density polyethylene) increased with the addition of the waste tire rubber (WTR) while the dimensional stability of samples was reduced. The mechanical properties of the WPC samples were determined, including flexural strength, flexural modulus, elongation at break, tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength. The WTR as filler in the WPC tended to decrease the tensile strength and flexural strength whereas it improved the impact strength of materials. The results indicated that the WTR as recycled material in WPC affected the physical and mechanical properties of the WPCs. Although the use of the WTR in the production of the WPC adversely affects the mechanical properties, the use of 10 wt% WTR was acceptable. The results of the study showed that the addition of the WTR to the WPC production process can be useful for its recycling and for reducing the cost of the WPC.
Critical Time Intervention in Rapid Re-housing
Authors: Hanesworth Carolyn , Herman Daniel B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent US policy shifts strongly promote so-called rapid re-housing strategies. Such strategies aim to minimize the reliance on homeless shelters via helping families and individuals experiencing homelessness quickly obtain and retain housing by providing a short-term rental subsidy combined with targeted, time-limited case management. Critical Time Intervention (CTI) has emerged as a potentially promising approach for delivering this assistance. This chapter describes the experience gained in a pilot study that adapted and implemented CTI to align it with the goals and population needs of persons served by multiple rapid re-housing programs in several regions of a large northeastern state. A process evaluation systematically assessed the successes achieved and challenges faced in successfully implementing the adapted model, leading to recommendations for further refinement of the program.
Critical Time Intervention Task-Shifting for People with Psychoses in Latin America
Authors: Mascayano Franco , Conover Sarah A , Susser Ezra S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Gaps in continuity of care and support for adults with severe mental disorder are an especially severe problem in developing countries. Critical Time Intervention task-shifting (CTI-TS) is an adaptation designed to address a fundamental gap in the services offered by community mental health clinics in such settings. A major limitation is that these clinics have inadequate resources and training in delivering services outside of the clinic, in homes or elsewhere in the community. The authors first describe their prior experience adapting the CTI model to community mental health clinics in Rio De Janeiro (Brazil). They then outline the main features of the new CTI-TS intervention, followed by quantitative and qualitative findings from a pilot randomized controlled trial testing the intervention in Rio De Janeiro and Santiago (Chile). Although the results were not encouraging for the intervention applied, much was learned about how the model could be improved for future use in this context.
Selected Issues for the Next Decade
Authors: Herman Daniel B , Conover Sarah A , Susser Ezra S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes several important concerns that either address unanswered questions about the Critical Time Intervention (CTI) model itself or bear on issues related to future adaptation and scale-up. These include the need to validate essential elements of the model via so-called dismantling studies; examination of how to best target the program in order to maximize effectiveness and efficiency; evaluating cost-effectiveness, ideally addressing both individual- and system-level benefits; and specifying ways in which CTI can best complement related intervention models such as permanent supportive housing and Assertive Community Treatment. The chapter also considers workforce issues, including greater use of persons with lived experience as CTI workers and supervisors; strategies for effectively delivering CTI via remote technology; and how CTI can be adapted for use in resource-scarce settings such as the Global South. It then identifies several unanswered research questions and considers important issues related to long-term sustainment of the model. The chapter concludes with a discussion of resources and strategies needed to ensure long-range model sustainment.
The Formula of Humanity Formulation
Authors: Zinkin Melissa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that, whereas the Formula of the Law of Nature is not deep enough thoroughly to explain why I ought to act on some maxim, the Formula of Humanity gives me a deeper explanation by providing the essential matter of the moral law—one’s humanity. It argues that what Kant means by humanity is our capacity for deep systematic thought. To treat someone as an end in themselves we must therefore respect their ability to think for themselves. The moral feeling that accompanies the Formula of Humanity is respect for reason, which is the only authority that can strike down my self-conceit and convince me that I cannot make an exception of myself. By respecting my own capacity for deep systematic thought, I am also compelled, when thinking of others, to think deeply about them and to comprehend that they are also ends in themselves.
Civil Wars: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Toft Monica Duffy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Prior to the 1990s most scholars approached civil wars as one-off events, with little general theorizing across them. That is no longer the case. In fact, in the past 30 years, the study of civil wars has been one of the largest growing segments of the international relations field. Civil wars are nasty, brutish and long. Their causes are complex; ranging from fights over access to housing, jobs, access to arable land or other resources, to political contests over offices, rights, and representation. Because civil wars tend to drag on, motives and relevant actors shift. Groups form, collapse, coalesce, align and realign, and then fight among themselves. Governments themselves change through elections, coups, military defeats, or revolutions. Understanding the origins of civil wars and their trajectories therefore demands some appreciation of the economic, political, social-cultural, and geographic order of societies. If there is one factor that best predicts why a civil war erupts, it is a prior civil war. That’s why knowledge of a country’s history of political violence, and associated narratives about who is to blame and why, are critical to understanding where a civil war might next occur. Moreover, once we have an understanding for why civil wars happen where and when they did, we have a much better sense for how a civil war might cross borders or eventually end.
Sylvia Plath: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Clark Heather 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Sylvia Plath: A Very Short Introduction provides an overview of the interplay of Sylvia Plath’s life and work. Plath is one of the most influential and iconic American writers of the 20th century. Moreover, Plath is simultaneously popular with academic and general audiences alike. The VSI then discusses the key themes in Plath’s poetry collections The Colossus and Ariel, her novel The Bell Jar, and her short stories. It also reframes her works into the broader context of poetic confessionalism, biography, feminism, politics, and mental illness before examining the ways in which Plath and her works were interpreted by successive generations.
The effects of marine heatwaves on a coral reef snapper: insights into aerobic and anaerobic physiology and recovery
Authors: McMahon Shannon J , Munday Philip L , Donelson Jennifer M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are increasing in frequency and intensity. Coral reefs are particularly susceptible to MHWs, which cause mass coral bleaching and mortality. However, little is known about how MHWs affect coral reef fishes. Here, we investigated how MHWs affect the physiology of a coral reef mesopredator, Lutjanus carponotatus. Specifically, we exposed mature adults to two different MHW intensities, +1°C (29.5°C) and + 2°C (30.5°C) and measured physiological performance at 2 and 4 weeks of exposure and at 2 weeks post-exposure. At these time points, we measured oxygen consumption at rest and after a simulated fishing capture event, recovery time, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) and associated biochemical markers in the blood (baseline lactate, post-capture lactate, glucose, haemoglobin levels and haematocrit proportion). We found that 2 weeks of exposure to MHW conditions increased resting oxygen consumption (+1°C = 23%, +2°C = 37%), recovery time (+1°C = 62%, +2°C = 77%), EPOC (+1°C = 50%, +2°C = 68%), baseline lactate (+1°C = 27%, +2°C = 28%), post-capture lactate (+1°C = 62%, +2°C = 109%) and haemoglobin levels (+1°C = 13%, +2°C = 28%). This pattern was maintained at 4 weeks of exposure except for post-capture lactate which was reduced (+1°C = −37%, +2°C = 27%). In combination, these results suggest a greater reliance on anaerobic glycolysis to maintain homeostasis in MHW conditions. At 2 weeks post-exposure, when compared to control fish, we found that capture oxygen consumption was increased (+1°C = 25%, +2°C = 26%), recovery rate was increased (+2°C = 38%) and haemoglobin was still higher (+1°C = 15%, +2°C = 21%). These results show that MHW conditions have direct physiological demands on adult coral reef snapper and ecologically relevant residual effects can last for at least 2 weeks post-MHW; however, individuals appear to recover from the negative effects experienced during the MHW. This provides new insight into the effects of MHWs on the physiological performance of coral reef fishes.