bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Bone fragment in the third ventricle of a 22 year-old woman
Authors: Munakomi Sunil , Srinivas Balaji , Cherian Iype 
Published: March 2015

Here we present a very rare case of a woman with a bone fragment in the third ventricle of the brain following compound-depressed skull fractures due to a road traffic accident.There are only few case reports of bullets and textiloma being removed from the third ventricle. Following operative removal of the fragment, the patient was started on cortisol, mineralocorticoid and thyroid hormone replacement. However, the patient eventually died of the severe traumatic hypothalamic insult.
A communication hub for a decentralized collaboration on studying real-life cognition
Authors: Hanke Michael , Halchenko Yaroslav O. 
Published: March 2015

Studying the brain’s behavior in situations of real-life complexity is crucial for an understanding of brain function as a whole. However, methodological difficulties and a general lack of public resources are hindering scientific progress in this domain. This channel will serve as a communication hub to collect relevant resources and curate knowledge about working paradigms, available resources, and analysis techniques.
Estudo Comparativo em Três Municípios da Política de Inclusão Escolar na Percepção de Alunos com Deficiência Física
Authors: Andrade Emanuele Teixeira , Mendes Enicéia Gonçalves 
Published: March 2015

Nos últimos anos, estudos relativos à eficiência e práticas embasadas em políticas de inclusão escolar têm apresentado resultados muitas vezes controversos além de enfocarem experiências singulares, incapazes de avaliar em larga escala o impacto de tais políticas educacionais nas escolas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar e comparar as barreiras encontradas pelos próprios alunos com deficiências físicas que estão sendo escolarizados em escolas comuns em três diferentes municípios. Os participantes foram 24 escolares com deficiências físicas, na faixa etária entre 7 a 16 anos, que frequentavam classes comuns do ensino regular de três diferentes municípios (A, B, e C). Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um roteiro de entrevistas para o contexto escolar elaborado por pesquisadores escoceses, traduzido e adaptado para a realidade brasileira. Os resultados indicaram as variações no número e tipos de barreiras, em função dos municípios, nos quais, em geral, as políticas foram bem avaliadas por esses alunos, considerando os 16 indicadores analisados. Entretanto, houve diferenças notáveis entre os três municípios, e mesmo no município mais bem avaliado a análise qualitativa dos relatos dos alunos permitiu identificar e exemplificar várias barreiras ainda existentes. Discute-se a importância da política de inclusão escolar de responsabilizar os sistemas para avançar removendo todas as barreiras identificadas pelos alunos e não apenas intervir naquelas que forem economicamente mais viáveis.
Role of Sintering Atmosphere and Synthesis Parameters on Electrical Conductivity of ZnO
Authors: Zhao Yu , Wang Jue , Huxtable Scott , Khodaparast Giti A. , Priya Shashank 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
ZnO-based compositions are of great interest for high-temperature thermoelectric applications. In this study, n-type Al-doped ZnO was sintered under varying atmospheres and the changes in electrical conductivity along with chemical defects were analyzed. The electrical conductivity of Al-doped ZnO (ZnO-Al) exhibited large variation from 10−5 to 103 S/cm as the sintering atmosphere was changed from air to nitrogen to vacuum. The low oxygen partial pressure assisted Al substitution in ZnO and increased the interstitial Zn, which increased the carrier concentration and improved the electrical conductivity. Using vacuum sintering, the electrical conductivity of ZnO was enhanced as the concentration of Al doping was increased from 1 to 3 at.%. Two sets of starting powders were used for sintering studies, one synthesized through the ball-milling and other through the sol–gel chemical synthesis. It was found that the Al substitution is improved by using chemically synthesized ZnO-Al powders.
Solvent screening for the fractionation of industrial kraft lignin
Authors: Duval Antoine , Vilaplana Francisco , Crestini Claudia , Lawoko Martin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe polydispersity of commercially available kraft lignins (KLs) is one of the factors limiting their applications in polymer-based materials. A prerequisite is thus to develop lignin fractionation strategies compatible with industrial requirements and restrictions. For this purpose, a solvent-based lignin fractionation technique has been addressed. The partial solubility of KL in common industrial solvents compliant with the requirements of sustainable chemistry was studied, and the results were discussed in relation to Hansen solubility parameters. Based on this screening, a solvent sequence is proposed, which is able to separate well-defined KL fractions with low polydispersity.
Effect of Temperature Dropping During Reheat Treatments on GTD-111 Microstructure
Authors: Wongnawapreechachai Piyapat , Hormkrajai Weerasak , Lothongkum Gobboon , Wangyao Panyawat 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe general standard reheat treatment condition to refurbishment long-term serviced turbine blades, which are made of cast nickel based superalloy, GTD-111, is usually following by solution treatment at 1438 K, 1458 K and 1478 K for 10.8 to 14.4 ks, combination with primary aging at 1328 K for 3.6 ks, and secondary aging at 1118 K for 86.4 ks. However, in practical reheat treatment process, the change of temperature during any heat treating could occur accidentally any time. To simulate this effect, the droppings of temperatures during solution treatment were chosen and carried out to temperature level of 1118 K then heating again to the solution temperature levels. The temperature droppings (according to various programs) were performed during solution treatment. From the results, it was found that effect of temperature dropping during solution treatment greatly influenced the final rejuvenated microstructures.
Interaction Parameters in Metallic Solutions Estimated from Liquid Structure and the Heat of Solution at Infinite Dilution
Authors: Waseda Yoshio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe interaction parameters have been calculated for 120 ferrous alloy solutions using the pseudo-potential formalism coupled with the free energy of the hard sphere model. An agreement between calculation and experimental data appears to be reasonable with the 83%reliability in predicting the correct sign. The interaction parameters of oxygen in silicon melt were also estimated for 10 minor elements. The results, obtained only from some fundamental physical constants as inputs, are found to be useful in making qualitative discussion about the solubility of the desired element in metallic solutions.
Calculation of Activation Energy in Multiphase Reaction
Authors: Chou Kuo-Chih , Zhang Guo-Hua 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMost of reactions in the metallurgy are heterogeneous that have a complicated mechanism, for which the kinetic treatment is complex. In general, one has to find the controlling step first, and based on which to derive the corresponding kinetic formula to describe the kinetic behavior. Currently, the most popular method to determine the controlling step is so called the Sharp method, that is, deriving a series of formulae based on different assumed controlling steps in a consecutive heterogeneous reaction, then comparing the experimental data with various kinds of formulae to decide which formula can meet the experiment data well, and from which to select the most suitable controlling step. Nevertheless, because all these formulae used in estimating the controlling step involve some unknown parameters, for instance, the Jander equation, Gingstling-Brounshtein equation, parabolic equation… etc. all involve an unknown parameter “
Effect of HIP Temperature on Microstructure and Creep Property of FGH95 Alloy
Authors: Xie Jun , Tian Su-Gui , Zhou Xiao-Ming 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBy means of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment, microstructure observation and creep properties measurement, the effects of the HIP temperatures on the microstructure and creep properties of FGH95 nickel-base superalloy are investigated. The results show that, when the HIP temperature is lower than solubility of
Effect of Grain Size on Oxidation Behavior of Fe-40Ni-15Cr Alloys
Authors: Cao Z. Q. , Sun Y. , Sun H. J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFe-40Ni-15Cr alloys with different grain size were prepared by powder metallurgy (PM) and mechanical alloying (MA) through hot pressing technique. Their oxidation behavior was examined at 1073–1173 K in 1.01
Oral health habits, attitudes and behaviors of Portuguese adolescents
Authors: Soares Luís Henrique Pedro , Assunção Victor Abreu , Soares Luís Luís Francisco 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Oral health has a profound impact on the health of adolescents. The aim of the present study was to obtain information on habits, knowledge and oral hygiene attitudes of Portuguese teenagers and to study the gender differences concerning these issues.
Methods: A total of 1203 adolescents participated in the study (55.8% females; mean age, 14.9 years). To recruit participants, a national network of community dental hygienists, working in the health centers, was created, and adolescents were contacted at the schools. A questionnaire was applied in the classroom, during school hours, under supervision of one researcher and the classroom teacher, after collection of informed consent forms.
Results: Portuguese adolescents do not seem to have dental fear but have some anxiety when at the dental office; girls are more anxious than boys. Girls are also more concerned with esthetics and aware of dental problems and care about oral health of family and friends. Parental supervision is more relevant for boys in order to obtain better compliance with dental care; however, 97.2% of the adolescents do not consider maintaining teeth throughout the lifetime as relevant.
Conclusion: Teenagers recognize dental professionals as educators and oral health as relevant in their lives. It is possible to assume that gender has an influence on adolescent’s habits, behavior and attitudes regarding oral hygiene. There is a difference between boys and girls concerning their habits, knowledge and attitudes in dental hygiene; this difference may show the need to create different strategies for oral health promotion for these two groups of adolescents.
Using UV photoaged photography to better understand Western Australian teenagers’ attitudes towards adopting sun-protective behaviors
Authors: Taylor Myra F. , Westbrook Dominique , Chang Paul 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to determine whether the viewing of a personal photoaged photograph had the capacity to alter Western Australian teenagers’ pro-tanning attitudes.
Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen teenagers.
Findings: The teenagers’ pro-tanning attitudes prior to viewing their photoaged photograph are encapsulated in the study’s central theme: ‘You’ve got to look after your skin and use sunscreen, but I always forget!’. Post-viewing their photoaged facial image many teenagers reiterated their intentions to adopt (when they remembered) skin-protective measures. However, photoaged photography did not alter other teenagers’ intention to tan.
New knowledge: Teenagers who choose to continue to tan were aware of the long-term health risks associated with ultra-violet over-exposure. However, their desire remained strong to emulate the media promoted image of bronzed youth being popular individuals. Indeed, the social benefits of being considered attractive to their peers became an attitudinal barrier to the teenagers’ adoption of skin-protective behaviours. Those teenagers who changed their pro-tanning attitudes following their viewing of their ultra-violet photoaged photograph did so because of the shock they received when they saw their sun-damaged facial image. This suggests that photoageing photography can be effective with many adolescents because it reduces the cause-and-effect delay that exists between the occurrence of sun-damage and its visual presentation in later-life.
Conclusion: Greater effort needs to be focused on increasing teenagers’ understanding of how sun-damage occurs, when it is appropriate to apply sunscreen, as well as in changing the prevailing media image of an attractive body being a tanned body.
Flexible Regression Models for Rate Differences, Risk Differences and Relative Risks
Authors: Donoghoe Mark W. , Marschner Ian C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGeneralized additive models (GAMs) based on the binomial and Poisson distributions can be used to provide flexible semi-parametric modelling of binary and count outcomes. When used with the canonical link function, these GAMs provide semi-parametrically adjusted odds ratios and rate ratios. For adjustment of other effect measures, including rate differences, risk differences and relative risks, non-canonical link functions must be used together with a constrained parameter space. However, the algorithms used to fit these models typically rely on a form of the iteratively reweighted least squares algorithm, which can be numerically unstable when a constrained non-canonical model is used. We describe an application of a combinatorial EM algorithm to fit identity link Poisson, identity link binomial and log link binomial GAMs in order to estimate semi-parametrically adjusted rate differences, risk differences and relative risks. Using smooth regression functions based on B-splines, the method provides stable convergence to the maximum likelihood estimates, and it ensures that the estimates always remain within the parameter space. It is also straightforward to apply a monotonicity constraint to the smooth regression functions. We illustrate the method using data from a clinical trial in heart attack patients.
Making the Most of Simulated Learning: Understanding and Managing Perceptions
Authors: Livesay Karen , Lawrence Karen , Miller Clive 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIncreased emphasis on the use of simulation by nursing education providers is evident world-wide. It is unclear what the implications of this initiative are for academic staff within nursing programs. Programs report a range of responses to simulation pedagogy amongst faculty ranging from enthusiasm to avoidance. This study identified a wide range of concerns encapsulating the staff themselves, their concern for students as well as organisational considerations that impact staff perceptions.
Bovine colostrum: an emerging nutraceutical
Authors: Bagwe Siddhi , Tharappel Leo J.P. , Kaur Ginpreet , Buttar Harpal S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNutraceutical, a term combining the words “nutrition” and “pharmaceuticals”, is a food or food product that provides health benefits as an adjuvant or alternative therapy, including the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases in children and adults. There is emerging evidence that bovine colostrum (BC) may be one of the promising nutraceuticals which can prevent or mitigate various diseases in newborns and adults. Immunity-related disorders are one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. BC is rich in immunity, growth and antimicrobial factors, which promote tissue growth and the maturation of digestive tract and immune function in neonatal animals and humans. The immunoglobulins and lactoferrin present in colostrum are known to build natural immunity in newborns which helps to reduce the mortality rate in this population. Also, the side-effect profile of colostrum proteins and possible lactose intolerance is relatively less in comparison with milk. In general, BC is considered safe and well tolerated. Since colostrum has several important nutritional constituents, well-designed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with colostrum products should be conducted to widen its therapeutic use. The objectives of this review are to create awareness about the nutraceutical properties of colostrum and to discuss the various ongoing alternative treatments of colostrum and its active ingredients as well as to address colostrum’s future nutraceutical and therapeutic implications in humans.
Anti-inflammatory activity of Buchholzia coriacea Engl. (Capparaceae) leaf extract: evaluation of components of the inflammatory response involved
Authors: Ezike Adaobi C. , Onyeto Collins A. , Nwabunike Ifeoma A. , Mbaoji Florence N. , Attah Blessing E. , Amanambu Stella O. , Okoli Charles O. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background: Earlier studies in our laboratory demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity of Buchholzia coriacea Engl. (Capparaceae) leaf extract, a herbal remedy used to treat disorders of inflammation. This study was undertaken to evaluate its anti-inflammatory mechanism(s).

Methods: The effects of methanol leaf extract of B. coriacea (200 and 400 mg/kg) on vascular permeability and leukocyte migration were studied in rodents, while activity on complement system and membrane stabilization were evaluated in vitro.

Results: The extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) inhibited acetic acid-induced increase in vascular permeability in a non-dose-related manner and significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total and differential leukocyte counts, respectively, in a dose-related manner. It also significantly (p<0.05) inhibited complement-induced hemolysis of sheep red blood cells (40–72 %) and moderately inhibited heat- (6 %) and hypotonic solution-(24 %) induced hemolysis in vitro in a non-dose-related manner.

Conclusions: Results demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory activity of B. coriacea leaf extract is mediated through inhibition of increase in vascular permeability, leukocyte migration and complement system, and enhanced membrane stabilization.
Methoden der Wörterbuchbenutzungsforschung [Methods of research in dictionary use / Méthodes de la recherche sur l’utilisation des dictionnaires]
Authors: Müller-Spitzer Carolin 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The methods utilized in the area of research into dictionary use are established research methods in the social sciences. After explicating the different steps of a typical empirical investigation, this article provides examples of how these different methods are used in various user studies conducted in the field of using online dictionaries. Thereby, different kinds of data collection (surveys as online questionnaires, log files and eye tracking) as well as different research design structures (for instance, ex-post-facto design or experimental design) are discussed.
Méthodes pour la représentation informatisée de données lexicales / Methoden der Speicherung lexikalischer Daten [Methods of saving lexical data]
Authors: Romary Laurent , Witt Andreas 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In recent years, new developments in the area of lexicography have altered not only the management, processing and publishing of lexicographical data, but also created new types of products such as electronic dictionaries and thesauri. These expand the range of possible uses of lexical data and support users with more flexibility, for instance in assisting human translation.
In this article, we give a short and easy-to-understand introduction to the problematic nature of the storage, display and interpretation of lexical data. We then describe the main methods and specifications used to build and represent lexical data.
This paper is targeted for the following groups of people: linguists, lexicographers, IT specialists, computer linguists and all others who wish to learn more about the modelling, representation and visualization of lexical knowledge. This paper is written in two languages: French and German.
Methoden der Übersetzungswissenschaft und der zweisprachigen Lexikographie [Methods of translation science and bilingual lexicography / Méthodes en traductologie et lexicographie bilingue]
Authors: Bielińska Monika 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The objective of the present paper is to examine methods used in both translation studies and bilingual lexicography. The starting point of the analysis is a description of the close relationship between translation and bilingual dictionaries and of the role these dictionaries, also known as translating dictionaries, play in the translation process. This is followed by the examination of the status of translation studies and lexicography, methods which they employ as well as their relations to neighbouring (sub)disciplines. It is these interrelations that result in the multitude and diversity of the methods as these are for the most part taken over from the related fields of science.
The most important concept common for the two investigated fields, i.e. translation studies and lexicography, is equivalence, on which issue the author concentrates in the ensuing part of the paper as she analyses methods of establishing the equivalence between the units of the source and target language.
Why relevance theory is relevant for lexicography
Authors: Bothma Theo J. D. , Tarp Sven 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This article starts by providing a brief summary of relevance theory in information science in relation to the function theory of lexicography, explaining the different types of relevance, viz. objective system relevance and the subjective types of relevance, i.e. topical, cognitive, situational, socio-cognitive and affective relevance. It then shows, at the hand of examples, why relevance is important from a user perspective in the extra-lexicographical pre- and post-consultation phases and in the intra-lexicographical consultation phase. It defines an additional type of subjective relevance that is very important for lexicography as well as for information science, viz. functional relevance. Since all lexicographic work is ultimately aimed at satisfying users’ information needs, the article then discusses why the lexicographer should take note of all these types of relevance when planning a new dictionary project, identifying new tasks and responsibilities of the modern lexicographer. The article furthermore discusses how relevance theory impacts on teaching dictionary culture and reference skills. By integrating insights from lexicography and information science, the article contributes to new ideas for both disciplines.
Ln-Ag heterometallic coordination polymers
Authors: Fang Ming , Zhao Bin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe last few years have seen an increasing interest in the study of lanthanide-silver (Ln-Ag) heterometallic coordination polymers due to their potential applications. It has led to intense activity of chemists to produce Ln-Ag heterometallic coordination polymers and investigate their properties. In this review, we summarize recent research development in the fascinating and challenging field of Ln-Ag heterometallic coordination polymers. This review covers 182 Ln-Ag heterometallic coordination polymers, which are categorized by the kind of ligand as N-heterocyclic carboxylate ligands and others. There are three categories of Ln-Ag coordination polymer based on N-heterocyclic carboxylate ligands: one dimensional (1D), 2D, and 3D. The 3D part was divided into Ln-Ag coordination polymers based on pyridine carboxylate ligands and other N-heterocyclic carboxylate ligands. This perspective illustrates the coordination features of compounds constructed by N-heterocyclic carboxylate ligands. Luminescent properties are also discussed.
Moment based estimation of supOU processes and a related stochastic volatility model
Authors: Stelzer Robert , Tosstorff Thomas , Wittlinger Marc 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
After a quick review of superpositions of OU (supOU) processes, integrated supOU processes and the supOU stochastic volatility model we estimate these processes by using the generalized method of moments (GMM). We show that the GMM approach yields consistent estimators and that it works very well in practice. Moreover, we discuss the influence of long memory effects.