bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Acidic Environment on the Surface Microhardness of BiodentineTM
Authors: Poplai Gaurav , Jadhav Sameer K 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTAimTo compare the effects of various levels of acidic pH on surface microhardness of Biodentine.TMMaterials and methodsBiodentine was mixed and packed into stainless steel molds (diameter = 5 mm and height = 1.5 mm). Four groups of 10 specimens each were formed and exposed to pH: 7.4, 6.4, 5.4 and 4.4 respectively for 4 days. Vickers microhardness was measured for each of the specimens and was measured 4 days after the exposure.ResultsData was subjected to one-way ANOVA using Tukey's post hoc test. Group I (control pH = 7.4) showed greatest surface microhardness of 67.5 ± 4.1 HV. The least microhardness of 46.3 ± 5.0 HV was observed for group IV where the specimens were soaked at pH 4.4. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ConclusionUnder the limitations of the present study, surface hardness of Biodentine was impaired in the presence of acidic environment.How to cite this articlePoplai G, Jadhav SK, Hegde V. Effect of Acidic Environment on the Surface Microhardness of Biodentine„§ƒ| World J Dent 2013;4(2):100-102.
To Evaluate the Effect of Presence and Absence of Smear Layer with Different Instruments and Obturation Methods on Microleakage of Root Canal-Filled Teeth: An in vitro Study
Authors: Shetty Dinesh , Uppin Veerendra , Shetty Priyadarshini 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate the effects of presence and absence of smear layer with different instruments and obturation methods on microleakage of root canal-filled teeth.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 extracted human maxillary central incisors with closed apices and single roots were taken for the study. The teeth were divided into six groups A to F consisting of 15 teeth each. Control group consisted of 10 teeth with five positive and five negative teeth each.
Groups A, B, C and D were instrumented with rotary files and groups E and F were instumented with conventional stainless steel files.
Groups A, B, C and D were flushed with 3 ml of EDTA to remove the smear layer prior to obturation. All teeth were flushed with 5% NaOCl, then obturated with AH-26 sealer with lateral condensation technique on groups C, D, E, F and injectable thermoplasticized gutta-percha obturation technique on groups A and B.
Using electrochemical technique the current flow in the circuit was observed for 45 days. The magnitude of the current for each tooth was directly proportional to the extent of leakage. At the intervals of 10, 20, 30 and 45 days the groups A-F were compared to identify statistically significant differences using students t-test.

Results
Significantly less microleakage occurred when the smear layer was removed and when the canals were obturated with thermoplasticized gutta-percha. Canals instrumented with engine driven NiTi files exhibited less leakage than hand instrumented canals.

Conclusion
Rotary instrumentation of the root canals provides a superior preparation in comparison to hand instrumentation. Removal of smear layer increases the resistance of microleakage. Thermoplasticized gutta-percha obturation appears to provide a superior seal as compared to lateral condensation.

How to cite this article
Shetty P, Uppin V, Shetty D. To Evaluate the Effect of Presence and Absence of Smear Layer with Different Instruments and Obturation Methods on Microleakage of Root Canal-Filled Teeth: An in vitro Study. World J Dent 2013;4(2):103-107.
Fabrication of Overdenture against a Nonmodified Natural Dentition and Removable Partial Denture using Meyer's Technique: A Preventive Approach
Authors: Mishra Niraj , Singh Kamleshwar , Agrawal Kaushal K , Bhalla Gaurav 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
A clinical report of a patient having partially edentulous maxillary arch and dentulous mandibular arch has been presented. Patient came to the Department of Prosthodontics with the chief complaints of loosening of the prosthesis. The patient was rehabilitated with a maxillary complete overdenture and mandibular removable partial denture using the functionally generated path technique to achieve harmonious occlusion between the complete denture and the natural dentition.

How to cite this article
Singh K, Mishra N, Agrawal KK, Bhalla G. Fabrication of Overdenture against a Nonmodified Natural Dentition and Removable Partial Denture using Meyer's Technique: A Preventive Approach. World J Dent 2013;4(2): 131-133.
A Clinical Study to Correlate Maxillary Anterior Natural Teeth with that of the Commercially Available Acrylic and Porcelain Shade Guides
Authors: Khurana Punit RS , Thomas P Vivek , Rao Soudhamini V , Balamuragan R , Singh Mohan Preet 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
The success of the dental treatment as perceived by our patients is often preferentially evaluated on the appearance of the restoration. Usually visual determination is unreliable and inconsistent, complicated by the inability of the shade guide to cover the entire dental color range and also there is lack of logical order of arrangement of the tabs. Hence a clinical study is planned to perform visual shade selection in standardized conditions to correlate the shades of maxillary anterior natural teeth in adult subjects of Davengere district origin to one acrylic and three porcelain shade guides commercially available in India.

How to cite this article
Khurana PRS, Thomas PV, Rao SV, Balamuragan R, Singh MP. A Clinical Study to Correlate Maxillary Anterior Natural Teeth with that of the Commercially Available Acrylic and Porcelain Shade Guides. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(3):427-433.
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor
Authors: Galinde Jyotsna , Sidana Sunil , Ramaswami Radhika , Srivalli N 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIn 2005, the World Health Organization renamed the lesion, previously known as an odontogenic keratocyst, as the keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KOT or KCOT). The term odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) was first used by Philipson in 1963 and its clinical and histologic features were confirmed by Browne in 1970 and 1971. In this case report, a young patient with a histology report as an orthokeratinized variety of KCOT and it was a primary lesion with amcystic lining that was thick may be due to chronic irritation because of which it could be removed in toto. Resection was not advocated as it causes morbidity, peripheral ostectomy could not be performed as the buccal and lingual cortical plates were already thinned out with areas of perforation. Thus, enucleation with Carnoy's solution was considered ideal for this case. Also, this patient has been on regular follow-up for around 8 months showed good healing with no signs of recurrence.How to cite this articleRamaswami R, Galinde J, Srivalli N, Sidana S. Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(2):87-91.
L’enseignement de l’histoire au secondaire : de la certitude du récit sur la nation au vertige de la modernité
Authors: LeVasseur Louis , Cardin Jean-François 
Published: September 2013

Cet article s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un programme de recherche portant sur les liens entre les missions d’instruction et de socialisation de l’école québécoise à travers l’enseignement de diverses matières scolaires. Les premiers résultats de la recherche ont montré que pour les enseignants, la construction de l’identité de l’élève a beaucoup plus d’importance que la construction de l’identité collective. Cependant, le processus de subjectivation identifié ne signifie pas pour autant qu’il n’y ait plus aucune transmission ou production de « valeurs » ou de « références » communes dans l’enseignement des différentes matières. Par exemple, dans l’enseignement de l’histoire et éducation à la citoyenneté, la construction de l’identité individuelle et celle de l’identité collective sont en continuelle tension. Cependant, l’identité collective ne passe plus tant par le canal d’une mémoire identitaire ou d’un récit national que par la promotion d’une modernité articulée au pluralisme, à la critique, à la rationalité intersubjective et, paradoxalement, à la subjectivation précédemment évoquée. L’article portera donc particulièrement sur cette tendance observée au sein de l’enseignement du cours d’histoire et éducation à la citoyenneté.
Stereoselective Polymerization of Conjugated Dienes
Authors: Takeuchi Daisuke 
Published: September 2013

AbstractStereospecific polymerization of conjugated dienes, especially 1,3‐butadiene and isoprene, is summarized. Various transition metal catalysts are utilized for the stereospecific polymerization of conjugated dienes. For example, Ti, V, Co, Ni, and lanthanides forcis‐1,4‐polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene, V, Cr, Fe, and lanthanides fortrans‐1,4‐polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene, and Cr, Co, and Fe for 1,2‐polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene. Lanthanide catalysts are very effective for stereospecific polymerization of isoprene. Stereospecific living polymerization of conjugated dienes is also achieved. A mechanism of the polymerization affording stereoregular polymers and stereospecific polymerization of other diene monomers is also mentioned.
Diels–Alder Polymers
Authors: Yoshie Naoko 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe Diels–Alder (DA) cycloaddition is extensively used in polymer chemistry. Linear, network, and hyperbranched polymers have been prepared from monomers and prepolymers containing a diene and a dienophile. Because of the simple reaction conditions, high yield, and high selectivity, the DA reaction has recently been rerecognized as a member of the click‐chemistry family. Polymers with unique architectures (e.g., block and graft copolymers, star polymers, telechelic polymers, dendrimers, and dendronized polymers) have been prepared based on this concept. Many DA reactions are thermally reversible. Enthalpically favorable forward cycloaddition reaction proceeds at low temperature, whereas the opposite cycloreversion proceeds at moderate‐to‐high temperature. Among the various options for optimizing DA reactions in polymer synthesis, researchers have focused on the diene–dienophile combination. Ease of reactant preparation, reaction rate of the DA cycloaddition, equilibrium constant of the DA reaction at room temperature, and temperature above which the retro‐DA reaction proceeds are key points in choosing this option. In addition, reversibility has been exploited in developing various functional polymers such as recyclable gels and thermosets, shape‐memory polymers, and crack‐healing polymers. This article surveys DA reactions in polymer synthesis and coupling, including the click‐chemistry approach, and functionality of DA polymers mainly based on the reversibility.
Dilatometry
Authors: Zoller Paul 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDilatometry studies linear and volumetric changes of materials. Characterization of dimensional changes of polymers is important both for practical applications and phenomenological studies. For polymers, a variety of factors can produce dimensional changes including external stimuli (eg, temperature, pressure), chemical reactions, aging, phase transitions, crystallization, and sorption. This article overviews theoretical aspects of dilatometry (including the equations of state for melts, glasses, and crystals, expansion coefficients, and compressibility) and in detail experimental techniques including linear, volume, noncontact (eg, optical/interferometry), and capacitive dilatometers. Representative standards and commercially available dilatometers are also presented.
Comparative Effectiveness of Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Drugs on Health‐Related Quality of Life Among Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Chen Jian Sheng , Makovey Joanna , Lassere Marissa , Buchbinder Rachelle , March Lyn M. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo compare the relative effectiveness of anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapies on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) by inflammatory arthritis types.MethodsPatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who had anti‐TNF therapy (etanercept, adalimumab, or infliximab) in the Australian Rheumatology Association Database during 2001–2011 were assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF‐36), Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL), and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index (DI) on a biannual basis. Linear regression was used for the analysis; the lack of independence in outcomes for multiple assessments in the same patient was taken into account using generalized estimating equations.ResultsThere were 18,119 assessments (first‐time drug use n = 12,274, subsequent use n = 3,098, and no use n = 2,747) provided by 3,033 patients (2,240 RA, 507 AS, and 286 PsA patients) with the anti‐TNF therapies. The effects of subsequent use versus first‐time use were reduced on the SF‐36 physical component summary, AQoL, and HAQ DI scores among RA patients. After adjusting for therapy order, calendar year, sex, age, smoking status, and various medication uses, the 3 anti‐TNF preparations had similar effects on the HRQOL measures for patients with RA, AS, or PsA. However, differences between anti‐TNF therapies were observed in the AQoL score among PsA patients (infliximab versus etanercept: −0.06 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −0.12, −0.004]) and in the SF‐36 mental component summary score among RA patients (adalimumab versus etanercept: −1.17 [95% CI −1.88, −0.46]).ConclusionThis study revealed similar effectiveness of etanercept, adalimumab, and infliximab on the HRQOL measures among Australians with RA, AS, and PsA.
Societal Costs of Rheumatoid Arthritis in China: A Hospital‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Xu Chuanhui , Wang Xiuru , Mu Rong , Yang Li , Zhang Ye , Han Shuling , Li Xiaofeng , Wang Yongfu , Wang Guochun , Zhu Ping , Jin Hongtao , Sun Lin , Chen Haiying , Cui Liufu , Zhang Zhuoli , Li Zhenbin , Li Junfang , Zhang Fengxiao , Lin Jinying , Liu Xiaomin , Hu Shaoxian , Yang Xiuyan , Lai Bei , Li Xingfu , Wang Xiaoyuan , Su Yin , Li Zhanguo 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo estimate the annual direct and indirect costs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China and identify the predictors for cost of illness.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of cost of illness from the societal perspective was conducted on 829 patients with RA in 21 tertiary care hospitals in China between July 2009 and December 2010. Data on demographics, clinical variables, and components of costs were collected by physician interview. Costs were represented in 2009 US dollars using purchasing power parity estimates. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors for cost of illness.ResultsThe mean ± SD total cost of RA in China was $3,826 ± $5,659 per patient‐year, given a gross domestic product per capita of $6,798 in China in 2009. Direct costs and indirect costs comprised 90.0% and 10.0% of the total costs, respectively. Drug expense represented approximately half of the total costs, dominated by biologic agents (48.2%) and disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (23.5%). Additionally, the cost of extracted herbal drugs and traditional Chinese medicine comprised ∼17.6% of the drug expense. Higher education level, noninsured status, longer disease duration, more extraarticular manifestations, and higher Health Assessment Questionnaire score independently predicted higher total costs.ConclusionOur results provide the first study of costs of RA in China. This study not only demonstrates the economic burden of RA, but also identifies the predictors that could be interventional factors to reduce the societal costs of RA in China.
Depressive Symptoms and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Spouse Empathic Responding as a Buffer
Authors: Stephenson Ellen , DeLongis Anita , Esdaile John M. , Lehman Allen J. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of depressive symptoms and spouse empathic responding on patient disability and marital quality over time and to identify factors that contribute to patients perceiving their spouses as responding empathically to their rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsPatients diagnosed with RA and their spouses (n = 133 couples) independently completed mailed questionnaires at baseline and 1 year later. Patients completed measures of functional impairment, marital quality, depressive symptoms, and perceived empathic responding from their spouse. Spouses reported their own depressive symptoms and empathic responding behavior.ResultsPerceived empathic responding was found to interact with spouse depressive symptoms, contributing significantly to the prediction of patient functional impairment at followup. Only when spouse empathic responding was low was spouse depression associated with greater patient functional impairment 1 year later. Similarly, in the model predicting patient marital quality at followup, there were significant 2‐way interactions between perceived empathic responding and both spouse depressive symptoms and patient depressive symptoms. Only when spouse empathic responding was low did patient or spouse depression significantly predict poorer marital quality at followup. Patient perceptions of spouse empathic responding were found to depend on spouse reports of their own empathic responding, patient marital satisfaction, and the interaction of patient depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction.ConclusionEmpathic responding from the spouse was found to buffer against the negative effects of spouse depression on functional and marital outcomes for patients with RA. In developing couple‐oriented RA treatments, increasing perceived empathic responding could serve as a useful target for intervention.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Azide–Alkene Cyclo‐ addition: An Efficient Synthesis of Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Janreddy Donala , Kavala Veerababurao , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Chen Wen‐Chang , Ramesh Chintakunta , Kotipalli Trimurtulu , Kuo Ting‐Shen , Chen Mei‐Ling , He Chiu‐Hui , Yao Ching‐Fa 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA novel, copper(I)‐promoted azide–alkene aerobic oxidative cycloaddition protocol was developed for the regioselective synthesis of 1,4‐disubstituted/1,4,5‐trisubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles by using azides and electron‐deficient olefins under an oxygen atmosphere.magnified image
Carbonylative Sonogashira Coupling in the Synthesis of Ynones: A Study of “Boomerang” Phenomena
Authors: Genelot Marie , Dufaud Véronique , Djakovitch Laurent 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe behaviour of several organophosphino‐palladium complexes immobilized on mesoporous silica during the palladium‐catalyzed synthesis of propynone by carbonylative Sonogashira coupling was studied, particularly concerning leaching/redeposition phenomena. The results demonstrated that this cross‐coupling reaction is catalyzed by soluble species. Furthermore, it is shown that the palladium leaching is not initiated by the oxidative addition step but rather by palladium‐decoordination from grafted ligand. Despite this decoordination, catalyst performance after recycling is adequate. Additionally, several parameters linked either to catalyst preparation or reaction procedures were shown to reduce leaching allowing one to achieve metal contamination levels close to the recommendation of the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. Interestingly, this heterogeneous palladium‐catalyzed procedure is fully selective toward the formation of ynones, allowing the preparation of various target compounds.magnified image
Practical Asymmetric Catalytic Synthesis of Spiroketals and Chiral Diphosphine Ligands
Authors: Wang Xubin , Guo Peihua , Wang Xiaoming , Wang Zheng , Ding Kuiling 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA practical procedure has been developed for efficient synthesis of chiral aromatic spiroketals and the relevant diphosphine ligands. The procedure includes first asymmetric hydrogenation of readily available α,α′‐bis(2‐benzyloxyarylidene) ketones catalyzed by the Ir(I)/SpinPHOX (S,S)‐1a (0.5–1 mol%) and subsequent hydrogenative deprotection of the resultant benzyl ethers catalyzed by palladium on carbon (Pd/C), as well as simultaneous spiroketalization of the corresponding diphenolic ketones by (S,S)‐1a in one pot. The corresponding chiral aromatic spiroketals (R,R,R)‐4a–j have been obtained in high yields (77–94%) with good diastereoselectivities (trans/cis=81/19 to 96/4), and excellent enantioselectivities for the trans products (97–>99% ee). In addition, the reaction of aromatic spiroketal difluoride (R,R,R)‐4b with potassiodiarylphosphide (KPAr2) in refluxing tertahydrofuran (THF) has also provided an alternative and practical synthesis of chiral spiroketal‐based diphosphine (SKP) ligands in 78–95% yields on multigram scale.magnified image
A Distinct Human CD4+ T Cell Subset That Secretes CXCL13 in Rheumatoid Synovium
Authors: Kobayashi Shio , Murata Koichi , Shibuya Hideyuki , Morita Mami , Ishikawa Masahiro , Furu Moritoshi , Ito Hiromu , Ito Juichi , Matsuda Shuichi , Watanabe Takeshi , Yoshitomi Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveA subset of CD4+ T cells in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) produce CXCL13, a chemokine that is crucial for the formation of germinal centers. This study was undertaken to determine the relevance of this population to known subsets of T helper cells and to proinflammatory cytokines, and how these cells are generated.MethodsThe expression of Th markers and CXCL13 by CD4+ T cells in RA synovium and the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in CXCL13 production were assessed. We also investigated whether CXCL13+CD4+ T cells could be newly induced.ResultsCXCL13+CD4+ T cells in RA synovium were negative for interferon‐γ (IFNγ), interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), IL‐17, FoxP3, and CXCR5 and expressed low levels of inducible T cell costimulator, indicating that this population is a distinct human CD4 subset. T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation of CD4+ T cells, obtained from RA synovium with low expression of CXCL13, promptly induced CXCL13 production and addition of proinflammatory cytokines supported the long‐term production of CXCL13. These findings indicate that CXCL13‐producing CD4+ T cells can be in a memory state ready to be reactivated upon TCR stimulation and that proinflammatory cytokines are involved in persistent CXCL13 production. TCR stimulation of CD4+ T cells from the blood of healthy volunteers, together with proinflammatory cytokine supplementation, induced a population that produced CXCL13, but not IFNγ. Synovial T cells recruited CXCR5+ cells in a CXCL13‐dependent manner.ConclusionCXCL13‐producing CD4+ T cells induced in RA synovium may play a role in the recruitment of CXCR5+ cells, such as B cells and circulating follicular helper T cells, and in ectopic lymphoid neogenesis at sites of inflammation.