bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple Scan Tests for Spatial Clustering on a Square Lattice
Authors: Rogerson Peter A. , Wang Le 
Published: April 2013

Many data sets collected for study areas consist of data values collected on a square lattice or for a set of pixels. Remotely sensed data provide perhaps the most common example. Frequently, we wish to know whether there are subregions of the study area that exhibit spatial clustering. In this article, we suggest how an approach for finding spatial clusters may be combined with the common practice of using 3‐by‐3 and 5‐by‐5 smoothing filters or kernels to construct two simple and easy‐to‐implement scan‐type tests. A simulation experiment shows that the power of these tests to find clusters compares favorably with an alternative test that is more complicated. The tests use simulated data, changes in a remotely sensed image for a study region in Texas, and data about wheat yields.Muchas bases de datos que se recopilan para una zona de estudio, consisten en valores recopilados en una retícula cuadrada o en un conjunto de pixeles. Los datos obtenidos por sensores remotos son quizá el ejemplo más común. Frecuentemente deseamos saber si existen subregiones de la zona de estudio que exhiban agrupamiento espacial. En este artículo, sugerimos cómo una aproximación para ubicar agrupamientos espaciales se puede combinar con la práctica común de usar filtros de suavizado (kernels) de 3‐por‐3 y 5‐por‐5 filtros, para construir dos test tipo scan, sencillos y fáciles de implementar. Un experimento de simulación demuestra que el poder de estas pruebas para ubicar agrupamientos, se compara favorablemente frente a otra prueba alternativa, que resulta más complicada. Las pruebas usan datos simulados, cambios en una imagen de satélite para un área de estudio en Texas, y con data acerca de los rendimientos de cultivos de trigo.研究区收集的许多数据集是由基于方格网和像素采集的数据值组成的，遥感数据可能提供了最常见的范例。通常，我们希望了解研究区的子区域是否呈现空间集聚特征。本文提出了一种如何发现空间集聚的方法，可以与采用3*3和5*5平滑滤波或核函数的普通试验相结合，构造两个简单且易于操作的扫描试验。模拟实验结果显示，这些试验在寻找聚集特征的性能上优于更复杂的可替换性试验。文中所用的仿真模拟数据来源于德克萨斯州小麦产量的多时相遥感影像。
The sources and formation processes of brines from the Lunnan Ordovician paleokarst reservoir, Tarim Basin, northwest China
Authors: Chen J. , Liu D. , Peng P. , Yu C. , Zhang B. , Xiao Z. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe most important petroleum exploration target in the Tarim Basin, northwest China, is the paleokarst reservoir. To understand the source and evolution of brine in this type of reservoir, a total of 37 formation‐water samples were collected from the Middle‐Lower Ordovician paleokarst reservoir in the Lunnan oilfield. The δD‐δ18O correlation and Cl/Br ratios reflect the mixture of two fluids: meteoric water and evaporated seawater. The different degree of mixture divided samples into two groups. Group 1 samples, from deep strata (5150–6667 m.b.s.l.) in the east of the field, with elevated δD (−53.5 to −38.0‰), δ18O values (0.66–5.99‰), and lower Cl/Br ratios (336–478 for Cl/Br, except LN634‐1 and LN631‐1) were formed by evaporation of seawater plus a small contribution from meteoric water. Group 2 samples, from shallow strata (5038–6067 m.b.s.l.), in the west of the field, have contrasting features (−59.6 to −48.5‰ for δD, −0.47 to 2.17‰ for δ18O, and 501 to 871 for Cl/Br), which reflect a mixture of evaporated seawater with a high proportion of meteoric water. Both of the fluid types exchanged oxygen isotope with minerals. The investigation into cation composition reveals that, before entering into the current reservoir, waters suffered albitization of plagioclase; moreover, meteoric water dissolved evaporites and seawater experienced dolomitization. A mixing trend showed by strontium isotopes (0.709801–0.711628) gave further evidence for the mixture of two fluid types. Based on the correlation of geological history with our data, two infiltration models of meteoric waters can be constructed. According to the chemical and isotopic compositions of the waters, an east fluid regime (Group 1) and a west fluid regime (Group 2) have thus been defined. Better understanding of the subsurface fluid movement patterns may be helpful for the local exploration.
Delinquency, aggression, and attention‐related problem behaviors differentially predict adolescent substance use in individuals diagnosed with ADHD
Authors: Harty Seth C. , Galanopoulos Stavroula , Newcorn Jeffrey H. , Halperin Jeffrey M. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo measure the degree to which childhood and adolescent ratings of aggression, attention, and delinquency are related to adolescent substance use outcomes in youth diagnosed with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).BackgroundChildhood externalizing disorders have been shown to predict adolescent maladaptive substance use, but few studies have examined the differential predictive utility of two distinct dimensions of externalizing behavior: aggression and delinquency.MethodsNinety‐seven clinically referred children with ADHD initially took part in this research protocol when they were on average 9.05 years of age, and were seen again on average 9.30 years later. Participants' parents were administered the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at baseline and follow‐up, and youth completed the Youth Self Report (YSR) in adolescence. At follow‐up, substance use severity and diagnosis were assessed using semi‐structured psychiatric interviews administered separately to parents and adolescents. Linear and binary logistic regressions were used to determine the association of CBCL‐ and YSR‐rated attention problems, aggression, and delinquency to adolescent substance use.ResultsChildhood and adolescent delinquency, but not aggression, as rated by parents and youths, predicted adolescent substance use disorders and substance use severity (all p < .05). After accounting for the associations of delinquency and aggression with adolescent substance use, ratings of attention problems in childhood and adolescence were negatively associated with substance use outcome.ConclusionsChildren with ADHD who exhibit high rates of delinquency are at risk for later substance use and may require targeted prevention, intervention, and follow‐up services. (Am J Addict 2013;22:543–550)
Spatial and ecometric analyses of the Plio‐Pleistocene large mammal communities of the Italian peninsula
Authors: Meloro Carlo , Kovarovic Kris 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimKnowledge of mammal community composition across large areas is critical to the reconstruction of biogeographical trends in past ecosystems where mammalian fossils serve as palaeoecological proxies. We employed ‘ecometrics’ (taxon‐free trait analysis) to compare fossil communities of the Italian Plio‐Pleistocene across space and time. We tested the hypotheses that ecometric traits characterizing fossil mammal communities differ between time bins, and that they exhibit geographical correlations.LocationPeninsular Italy, excluding islands (Sardinia and Sicily).MethodsWe explored selected ecometric traits (body weight, biomass, hypsodonty and brachial index) in 69 local fossil assemblages at the scale of nine palaeocommunities (PCOMs), and at the broader scale of ‘mammal age’, or biochronological unit, to which they belong: Villafranchian, Galerian or Aurelian. Principal components analysis, MANOVA and linear discriminant analysis were used to describe differences in the PCOM and mammal age ecospaces. We also tested for the effects of latitude and longitude on the ecometric variables and mapped their distributions during individual mammal ages.ResultsSpatial analysis suggested that neither latitude nor longitude relate meaningfully to any of the ecological parameters under consideration. However, PCOMs in each biochronological interval were successfully discriminated using ecometric traits, with the exception of the localities from Triversa and Pirro, which bore more resemblance to the younger Aurelian localities. The mammal ages were more clearly distinct.Main conclusionsCommunities differ from one another particularly in relation to both the average body weight of herbivores and the entire mammalian fauna and the biomass of prey species. This is probably related to a climatic cooling trend that occurred between the Pliocene and Pleistocene and resulted in the evolution of larger forms. Hypsodonty trends are identified and we support hypsodonty as a valuable ecometric trait, but only at larger temporal scales.
Impact of 5‐Year Weight Change on Blood Pressure: Results From the Weight Loss Maintenance Trial
Authors: Tyson Crystal C. , Appel Lawrence J. , Vollmer William M. , Jerome Gerald J. , Brantley Phillip J. , Hollis Jack F. , Stevens Victor J. , Ard Jamy D. , Patel Uptal D. , Svetkey Laura P. 
Published: April 2013

In this secondary analysis of the Weight Loss Maintenance trial, the authors assessed the relationship between blood pressure (BP) change and weight change in overweight and obese adults with hypertension and/or dyslipidemia who were randomized to 1 of 3 weight loss maintenance strategies for 5 years. The participants were grouped (N=741) based on weight change from randomization to 60 months as: (1) weight loss, (2) weight stable, or (3) weight gain. A significant positive correlation between weight change and systolic BP (SBP) change at 12, 30, and 60 months and between weight change and diastolic BP (DBP) change at 30 months was observed. From randomization to 60 months, mean SBP increased to a similar degree for the weight gain group (4.2±standard error=0.6 mm Hg; P<.001) and weight stable group (4.6±1.1 mm Hg; P<.001), but SBP did not rise in the weight loss group (1.0±1.7 mm Hg, P=.53). DBP was unchanged for all groups at 60 months. Although aging may have contributed to rise in BP at 60 months, it does not appear to fully account for observed BP changes. These results suggest that continued modest weight loss may be sufficient for long‐term BP lowering.
Transcranial Doppler Identifies a Malfunctioning Extraventricular Drain
Authors: Mayans David R. , Meads Dana B. , Reynolds Patrick S. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTTranscranial Doppler (TCD) is an invaluable tool allowing real‐time monitoring of physiologic blood flow velocity changes. We present a case where TCD monitoring for vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage identified blood flow velocity changes consistent with sudden increased intracranial pressure (ICP) due to a malfunctioning extraventricular drain. The primary team was alerted to these findings, and immediately revised her shunt with normalization of ICP and TCD. Serial TCD monitoring allowed identification of an imminently fatal complication in time to allow a life saving intervention. TCD is a portable, inexpensive, real‐time tool providing important physiologic data regarding blood flow velocities and intracranial pressure that is crucial to the care of critically ill patients.
Child obesity prevention in primary health care: Investigating practice nurse roles, attitudes and current practices
Authors: Robinson Alison , Denney‐Wilson Elizabeth , Laws Rachel , Harris Mark 
Published: April 2013

AimOverweight and obesity affects approximately 20% of Australian pre‐schoolers. The general practice nurse (PN) workforce has increased in recent years; however, little is known of PN capacity and potential to provide routine advice for the prevention of child obesity. This mixed methods pilot study aims to explore the current practices, attitudes, confidence and training needs of Australian PNs surrounding child obesity prevention in the general practice setting.MethodsPNs from three Divisions of General Practice in New South Wales were invited to complete a questionnaire investigating PN roles, attitudes and practices in preventive care with a focus on child obesity. A total of 59 questionnaires were returned (response rate 22%). Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were also conducted with a subsample of PNs (n = 10).ResultsQuestionnaire respondent demographics were similar to that of national PN data. PNs described preventive work as enjoyable despite some perceived barriers including lack of confidence. Number of years working in general practice did not appear to strongly influence nurses' perceived barriers. Seventy per cent of PNs were interested in being more involved in conducting child health checks in practice, and 85% expressed an interest in taking part in child obesity prevention training.ConclusionsFindings from this pilot study suggest that PNs are interested in prevention of child obesity despite barriers to practice and low confidence levels. More research is needed to determine the effect of training on PN confidence and behaviours in providing routine healthy life‐style messages for the prevention of child obesity.
Standard Operating Procedures for Neurophysiologic Assessment of Male Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Giuliano Francois , Rowland David L. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Can neurophysiological testing in male patients with sexual dysfunction benefit the decision-making process? The answer remains unclear.

Aim
To provide standard operating procedures for the neurophysiologic assessment of male sexual dysfunction.

Methods
Medical literature was reviewed and combined with expert opinion of the authors.

Results
Bulbocavernosus reflex latency time, pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials, and sympathetic skin responses have been considered as potential candidates for the diagnosis and assessment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Currently, there is no consensus on a standardized methodology for these neurophysiological investigations in the overall assessment of ED. These procedures are unable to assess the integrity of the efferent parasympathetic proerectile penile innervation; accordingly, none of these assessment procedures is recommended for ED patients. Corpus cavernosum electromyography (CC-EMG) can detect abnormalities in cavernous smooth muscle although these alterations can be attributed both to damage to autonomic penile innervation and to degenerative processes of the cavernous smooth muscle. CC-EMG is still considered experimental. Evidence does not support that men with premature ejaculation (PE) are consistently characterized by penile hypersensitivity; accordingly, penile threshold determination is not recommended to in the diagnosis of PE. Neurophysiological investigation of other components of the penile sensory pathways in PE patients has not provided any definitive contribution to the diagnosis.

Conclusion
No neurophysiological assessment procedures yield additional information that consistently aids in the assessment of PE and ED.
The role of wind in the dispersal of floating seeds in slow‐flowing or stagnant water bodies
Authors: Sarneel Judith M. , Beltman Boudewijn , Buijze Anneke , Groen Roderick , Soons Merel B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractQuestionWhat is the role of wind in the dispersal of waterborne seeds in slow‐flowing and stagnant water bodies at different temporal and spatial scales? (i) Is there a direct effect of wind on seed dispersal speed and distance? (ii) Are prevailing wind conditions reflected in the seed deposition patterns during a year? (iii) What are the long‐term (multiple year) effects of prevailing wind conditions on the pattern and composition of shoreline seed banks?LocationThe Westbroekse Zodden (52˚10N; 5˚07E) and De Weerribben (52°46N; 5°55E) fen reserves in The Netherlands.MethodsReal‐time seed movement tracking experiments were conducted at different wind speeds. Additionally, we performed a seed trap experiment using artificial grass mats and carried out seed bank analyses using a seedling emergence test.ResultsWind speed and direction strongly determined the dispersal process and the resulting deposition patterns of floating seeds in shallow lakes or ponds. Wind speed directly influenced dispersal speed and distance. Increasing wind speed increased dispersal speed but decreased dispersal distance. Over multiple seasons, more seeds were deposited at downwind shorelines than at upwind shorelines, showing that wind‐driven hydrochory resulted in directional transport according to the prevailing wind direction. The species composition of deposited seeds was also affected, with proportionally more water‐dispersed seeds being deposited at down‐wind shorelines. These effects of wind speed and directionality will have consequences for the colonization of riparian zones in lentic systems and, therefore, also influence management and restoration. In the long term, local seed banks in riparian zones reflected the prevailing wind conditions poorly, showing that additional processes, such as differential germination and predation, also play important roles at longer time scales.ConclusionsWind plays an important role in the dispersal of waterborne seeds in lentic systems and (prevailing) wind speed and direction are reflected in seed dispersal trajectories and deposition patterns.
Germination of phytoplankton resting cells from surface sediments in two areas of the Southern Chinese coastal waters
Authors: Wang Zhao‐Hui , Fu Yong‐Hu , Kang Wei , Liang Ju‐Fang , Gu Yang‐Guang , Jiang Xiao‐Liang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTo understand the role of phytoplankton resting cells in the outbreak of algal blooms, particularly harmful algal blooms, surface sediments were collected monthly from April 2007 to March 2008 from two bays near the international ports in the Southern Chinese coastal waters. Sieved sediments were incubated for 20 and 40 days, and germinated vegetative cells were observed. Altogether, 97 taxa were recorded, of which 50 were diatoms and 35 dinoflagellates. Vegetative cells of cyanobacteria, chlorophytes, dictyophytes, euglenophytes, haptophytes, and raphidophytes were also observed. Centric diatoms such as Chaetoceros, Melosira, Skeletonema, and Thalassiosira dominated. Scrippsiella, Gymnodinium, and Alexandrium were common dinoflagellate taxa. Diatom spores germinated in samples from all seasons but were abundant in the autumn and winter samples. Low numbers of dinoflagellate cells germinated in the winter samples. The nanophytoplankton taxa, Gymnodinium corii and Chrysochromulina sp., which have not been recorded in the previous phytoplankton surveys, were abundant, suggesting either their new appearance in the water column or perhaps that they were overlooked in routine phytoplankton monitoring due to their small sizes. Vegetative cells of harmful or potentially harmful taxa were germinated, and some of them such as Amphidinium, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, and Coolia have not previously been reported in the study area. Based on the results of the incubation of sediments from the two bays near the international ports, it is suggested that international shipping increases the risk of the introduction of new phytoplankton species and thus promotes the incidence of harmful algal blooms.
Population dynamics of cryptogenic calcarean sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Cavalcanti Fernanda F. , Skinner Luís Felipe , Klautau Michelle 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe calcarean sponge Paraleucilla magna is classified as being an invasive species on the Mediterranean Sea, where it causes economic damages to mollusc farms. On the Brazilian coast, this species is considered to be cryptogenic, and information on its ecology is scarce. The same is true for Sycettusa hastifera, another calcarean sponge with a worldwide distribution. Data on the ecology of these species could help in elucidating their potential to become a threat if they are found to be exotic species in Brazil. In the present work, we studied habitat selection, growth and mortality of early juveniles of P. magna and habitat selection of S. hastifera in a Marine Reserve from Southeastern Brazil, where these species are abundant in the benthic community. Granite plates were used for habitat selection analysis, varying in substrate inclination (vertical and horizontal) and exposure to light and hydrodynamism (exposed and sheltered). To analyse the growth and mortality rates, sponges were mapped and then measured once a week for 10 weeks. If a monitored sponge was not found in the following week, it was considered to be dead. Our results showed that, although P. magna and S. hastifera are capable of inhabiting substrates exposed to different environmental conditions, they showed habitat preferences. Growth of the juveniles of P. magna seemed not to have damaged any neighbouring invertebrates. The mortality of juveniles of this species was higher during the first 2 weeks of life but its causes could not be elucidated.
Efficacy of N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide digit number for screening of cardiac disease in new haemodialysis patients
Authors: Iwasaki Masaki , Joki Nobuhiko , Tanaka Yuri , Ikeda Nobutaka , Hayashi Toshihide , Kubo Shun , Asakawa Takasuke , Takahashi Yasunori , Hirahata Koichi , Imamura Yoshihiko , Hase Hiroki 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimThe usefulness of the absolute N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐ProBNP) concentration and its digit number for screening for cardiac disease was explored in new haemodialysis patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study involving 71 (68 ± 14 years, 83% male) new dialysis patients was conducted. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was performed to identify the cutoff level of NT‐proBNP for identifying cardiac disease at the start of dialysis.ResultsThe median NT‐proBNP concentration was 6576 pg/mL just before the first dialysis session and its mean digit number was 4.3 ± 0.6. Overall, 67%, 52%, 9% and 35% of patients had left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, LV dilatation, systolic dysfunction and significant coronary artery disease, respectively. NT‐proBNP levels of about 6000, 10 000 and 14 000 pg/mL were the best cutoff levels for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (AUC, 0.754; P < 0.001), LV systolic dysfunction (area under the curve (AUC), 0.765, P = 0.001) and LV dilatation (AUC, 0.685, P = 0.008), respectively. Interestingly, 4.5 was the best digit number cutoff for all cardiac abnormalities. These findings suggest that a digit number of 5 or more means a potentially high risk for cardiovascular disease and a digit number of 3 or less means a relatively low risk.ConclusionsThe NT‐proBNP concentration just before the first dialysis session is a useful tool for screening for cardiac abnormalities. Considering the wide variation of the NT‐proBNP cutoff levels depending on each cardiac abnormality, the digit number could be potentially easier to use for initial risk stratification for cardiac disease in new dialysis patients.
Le Fort I osteotomy for non‐orthognathic surgery indications: a review
Authors: Pingarron Martin L. , Arias‐Gallo J. , Chamorro‐Pons M. , Demaria‐Martinez G. , Cebrian‐Carretero J.L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe authors review the historical evolution of the Le Fort I osteotomy, compiling the whole current indications and utilities of the maxillary mobilisation through this technique, the potential risks and sequelae of this surgical procedure and the evolution and improvement of this osteotomy to obtain higher stability and reliability with greater long‐term outcomes.