bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor fen succession over ombrotrophic peat related to late Holocene increased surface wetness in subarctic Quebec, Canada
Authors: VAN BELLEN SIMON , GARNEAU MICHELLE , ALI ADAM A. , LAMARRE ALEXANDRE , ROBERT ÉLISABETH C. , MAGNAN GABRIEL , ASNONG HANS , PRATTE STEVE 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTNorthern peatlands act as archives of environmental change through their sensitivity to water balance fluctuations, while being significant contributors to global greenhouse gas dynamics. Subarctic fens in north‐eastern Canada are characterized by a dominance of pools and flarks. We aimed to reconstruct the late Holocene hydrological conditions of these fens to establish the timing of the initiation of pool and flark formation and possible links with climate. Testate amoebae and plant macrofossils from five cores, sampled in three fens, were analysed to infer water tables with chronologies based on14C and210Pb dating. All sites showed the presence of relatively dry, ombrotrophic conditions with abundantPiceafrom 5000 cal a BP, followed by a first shift to wet, poor fen conditions with pool and flark development around 3000 cal a BP and a subsequent wet shift after ∼800 cal a BP. These trends coincide with previously observed Neoglacial and Little Ice Age cooler and wetter conditions and therefore climate may well have been a dominant factor in the initiation and development of pools and flarks over the late Holocene. The effect of anticipated climate change on subarctic peatlands remains unclear, although wetter conditions might enhance pool expansion to the detriment of terrestrial components.
Serum human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 levels as a real‐time marker for tumor burden in breast cancer patients
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Ah , Lee Jin Kyung , Kim Eun‐Kyu , Seol Hyesil , Noh Woo Chul 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, an important factor in the treatment of breast cancer patients, is usually determined using primary tumor tissue samples; however, the HER2 status of metastatic lesions may differ from that of the primary tumor, but biopsies cannot be performed in all cases. Here, we investigated whether serum HER2 levels can serve as an alternative to assessments of HER2 expression in cancer tissues.MethodsBetween April 2008 and July 2009, serum HER2 levels were evaluated in 295 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer, 1,068 patients under follow‐up care without recurrence after curative surgery, and 82 patients with disease recurrence.ResultsAmong 303 patients with histologically confirmed HER2‐positive tumors, the rates of serum HER2 elevation were 9.2% in preoperative patients, 0.9% in patients under follow‐up care without recurrence, and 44.0% in patients with recurrent disease; for patients with HER2‐negative primary tumors, the corresponding values were 0.8%, 2.6%, and 15.8%, respectively.ConclusionOur results suggest that serum HER2 could be a useful real‐time marker for tumor burden and recurrence in patients with HER2‐positive disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:421–425. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dual‐Functional PEI–Poly(γ‐Cholesterol‐l‐Glutamate) Copolymer for Drug/Gene Co‐delivery
Authors: Zhang Jinkun , Fang Dailong , Ma Qing , He Zhiyao , Ren Ke , Zhou Rui , Zeng Shi , Li Bo , He Lili , He Gu , Song Xiangrong 
Published: November 2013

Novel dual‐functional PEI‐poly(γ‐cholesterol‐l‐glutamate) (PEI‐PCHLG) copolymers are developed for the first time. A series of PEI‐PCHLG (PEI‐1, PEI‐2, PEI‐3, and PEI‐4) with various PEI percentages and molecular weights are successfully synthesized, among which the poor organic solvent solubility of PEI‐1 precludes its further application. The other three copolymers can spontaneously self‐assemble into micelles; the critical micelle concentration (CMC) values are 0.66, 1.3, and 0.95 μmol L−1, respectively. PEI‐2 and PEI‐4, with lower CMC, are worth being further developed as promising drug carriers because of their resistance to dilution in circulation after systemic administration. However, PEI‐4 can form smaller‐sized micelles than PEI‐2 and has similar in vitro cytotoxicity to PEI. Thus, PEI‐4 is further investigated. PEI‐4 micelles can not only incorporate docetaxel (DTX) with high encapsulation efficiency (91.0%) and drug loading (4.3%), but also load pDNA efficiently at a ratio of 8:1 (w/w). DTX‐loaded PEI‐4 micelles (DTX‐PEI‐4) can also carry genes with the same gene‐binding capacity as PEI‐4 micelles. The above three micelles (DTX‐PEI‐4, pDNA‐PEI‐4, and pDNA/DTX‐PEI‐4) are sub‐micrometer‐sized and spherical. The results indicate that PEI‐4 containing 28.9% PEI, one of the PEI‐PCHLG copoly­mers, is a potential carrier for gene delivery, drug delivery, or even drug/gene co‐delivery.
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Tuning Polarity of Polyphenylene Dendrimers by Patched Surface Amphiphilicity—Precise Control over Size, Shape, and Polarity
Authors: Stangenberg René , Saeed Irfan , Kuan Seah Ling , Baumgarten Martin , Weil Tanja , Klapper Markus , Müllen Klaus 
Published: November 2013

In the ideal case, a precise synthesis yields molecules with a constitutional as well as a conformational perfectness. Such a case of precision is demonstrated by the synthesis of semi‐rigid amphiphilic polyphenylene dendrimers (PPDs). Polar sulfonate groups are precisely placed on their periphery in such a manner that patches of polar and non‐polar regions are created. Key structural features are the semi‐rigid framework and shape‐persistent nature of PPDs since the limited flexibility introduces a nano‐phase‐separated amphiphilic rim of the dendrimer. This results in both attractive and repulsive interactions with a given solvent. Frustrated solvent structures then lead to a remarkable solubility in solvents of different polarity such as toluene, methanol, and water or their mixtures. Water solubility combined with defined surface structuring and variable hydrophobicity of PPDs that resemble the delicate surface textures of proteins are important prerequisites for their biological and medical applications based upon cellular internalization.
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Whole soy, but not purified daidzein, had a favorable effect on improvement of cardiovascular risks: A 6‐month randomized, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled trial in equol‐producing postmenopausal women
Authors: Liu Zhao‐min , Ho Suzanne C. , Chen Yu‐ming , Ho Stella , To Kenneth , Tomlinson Brian , Woo Jean 
Published: November 2013

ScopeEquol is produced by the intestinal bacteria from isoflavone daidzein. Studies have reported the health benefits of soy can only present or more pronounced in equol producers. This 6‐month randomized controlled trial examined the effect of whole soy (soy flour) and purified daidzein on cardiovascular biomarkers and carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) in prehypertensive postmenopausal women who were equol producers.Methods and resultsTwo hundred seventy eligible women were randomized to either one of the three treatments: 40 g soy flour (whole soy group), 40 g low‐fat milk powder + 63 mg daidzein (daidzein group), or 40 g low‐fat milk powder (placebo group) daily each for 6 months. Fasting venous samples were obtained at baseline and end of trial for testing glucose, lipids, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), and free fatty acid. Changes in common CIMT were also assessed. Serum LDL‐C decreased by 7.95% (95% CI: −15.09∼−0.81%) and 6.32% (95% CI: −13.45∼0.08%), and serum hs‐CRP decreased by 0.164 (95% CI: −0.309∼−0.019) and 0.054 (95% CI: −0.199∼0.012) in the whole soy group compared with daidzein and milk placebo groups, respectively. No significant change in CIMT was found.ConclusionWhole soy, but not purified daidzein, had a beneficial effect on reduction of LDL‐C and hs‐CRP among prehypertensive equol‐producing postmenopausal women.
A rounded corner triangular patch antenna for dual‐frequency application
Authors: Tiang Jun Jiat , Islam M T. , Misran Norbahaih , Mandeep J. Singh 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA single layer of equilateral triangular patch antenna is achieved, which operates at 870 MHz and 2.45 GHz suitable for UHF and microwave radio frequency identification application. By shaping the corners of triangular patch, the antenna excites the radiation modes of TM10 and TM21 and suppresses the unwanted TM20 mode to give boresight of directed radiation patterns. This also alters the excited surface distribution of the radiating patch to enhance the antenna gain. A good agreement is obtained between the simulated and experimental results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:69–72, 2014
Abnormal brain anatomical topological organization of the cognitive‐emotional and the frontoparietal circuitry in major depressive disorder
Authors: Qin Jiaolong , Wei Maobin , Liu Haiyan , Yan Rui , Luo Guoping , Yao Zhijian , Lu Qing 
Published: November 2013

PurposeDespite the increasing understanding of major depressive disorder (MDD) using neuroimaging techniques, the topological organization of anatomical networks underlying MDD remains unclear.MethodsThe topological organization of brain anatomical networks was explored using complex network approaches. Diffusion tensor image data of 29 MDD patients and 30 healthy controls were collected. Network metrics such as strength, efficiency, and centrality were computed after the construction of brain anatomical networks. Between‐group differences and correlations with clinical measurements were further explored.ResultsCompared with the healthy controls, MDD patients exhibited widely damaged information interactions in both cognitive‐emotional circuitry and frontoparietal circuitry. Moreover, the centralities in the right prefrontal cortex involving the right middle frontal gyrus and the right gyrus rectus were negatively correlated with the duration of disease. Additionally, the centrality in the right inferior frontal gyrus (triangular part) and the efficiency in the right superior frontal gyrus (orbital part) were both positively related to the depression severity.ConclusionThese findings suggest that altered connectivity involved in affective and cognitive processing procedures might contribute to the pathogenesis of MDD. Magn Reson Med 72:1397–1407, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterogeneity of axonal pathology in chinese patients with giant axonal neuropathy
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhao Danhua , Wang Zhaoxia , Zhang Wei , Lv He , Liu Xiao , Meng Lingchao , Yuan Yun 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the GAN gene. Herein we report ultrastructural changes in Chinese patients with GAN. Methods: General clinical assessment, sural nerve biopsy, and genetic analysis were performed. Results: Sural biopsy revealed giant axons in 3 patients, 2 with a mild phenotype and 1 with a classical phenotype. Ultrastructurally, all patients had giant axons filled with closely packed neurofilaments. In addition, the classical patient had some axons containing irregular tubular‐like structures. GAN mutation analysis revealed novel compound heterozygous c.98A>C and c.158C>T mutations in the BTB domain in 1 mild patient, a novel homozygous c.371T>G mutation in the BACK domain in another mild patient, and a novel c.1342G>T homozygous mutation in the Kelch domain in the classical patient. Conclusion: Closely packed neurofilaments in giant axons are common pathological changes in Chinese patients with GAN, whereas irregular tubular‐like structures appear in the classical type of this neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 50:200–205, 2014
Post‐licensing safety of fosamprenavir in HIV‐infected children in Europe
Authors: Judd Ali , Duong Trinh , Galli Luisa , Goetghebuer Tessa , Ene Luminita , Julian Antoni Noguera , Amador Jose Tomas Ramos , Pimenta Jeanne Marie , Thorne Claire , Giaquinto Carlo ,   on behalf of the European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group in EuroCoord
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeFosamprenavir, combined with low‐dose ritonavir (FPV/r), is indicated for treatment of HIV‐infected children aged ≥6 years in Europe. Our purpose was to assess the safety of licensed use of FPV/r in HIV‐infected children reported to six cohorts in the European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration.MethodsRetrospective analysis of individual patient data for all children aged 6–18 years taking the licensed dose of FPV up to 31/12/10. Adverse events (clinical events and absolute neutrophil counts, total cholesterol and triglycerides, and alanine transaminase) were summarised and DAIDS gradings characterised severity.ResultsNinety‐two HIV‐infected children aged 6–18 years took the licensed dose, comprising 3% of the total number of children in follow‐up in participating cohorts. Median age at antiretroviral therapy initiation was 6 years (interquartile range 1–11 years), and median age at start of FPV/r was 15 years (12–17 years). Estimated median time on an FPV‐containing regimen was 52 months, with a total of 266.9 patient years of exposure overall. Half (54%) were on an FPV‐containing regimen at last follow‐up. Rates of grade 3/4 events were generally low for all biochemical toxicity markers, and no serious adverse events considered to be causally related to FPV/r were reported.ConclusionsResults suggest that long‐term licensed dose FPV‐containing regimens appear to be generally well tolerated with few reported toxicities in HIV‐infected children in Europe, although relatively infrequently prescribed. No serious events were reported. © 2013 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thiol‐Michael coupling and ring‐opening metathesis polymerization: facile access to functional exo‐7‐oxanorbornene dendron macromonomers
Authors: Liu Meina , Burford Robert P. , Lowe Andrew B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis of the 2‐ and 4‐functional acrylic exo‐7‐oxanorbornene species 2‐((2‐((3aR,7aS)‐1,3‐dioxo‐1,3,3a,4,7,7a‐hexahydro‐2H‐4,7‐epoxyisoindol‐2‐yl)ethoxy) carbonyl)‐2‐methylpropane‐1,3‐diyl diacrylate and (((2‐((2‐((3aR,7aS)‐1,3‐dioxo‐1,3,3a,4,7,7a‐hexahydro‐2H‐4,7‐epoxyisoindol‐2‐yl)ethoxy) carbonyl)‐2‐methylpropane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(oxy))bis(carbonyl))bis(2‐methylpropane‐2,1,3‐triyl) tetraacrylate, and their use as common precursors for the preparation of a small library of dendronized thioether adducts via nucleophile‐mediated thiol‐Michael coupling chemistry. We subsequently demonstrate that the dendronized monomers can be (co)polymerized via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization employing Grubbs'‐type Ru‐based initiators to give novel functional dendronized (co)polymers of predictable molecular weights and acceptable dispersities (ĐM = w/ n). © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibition partially protects against 60% O2‐mediated lung injury in neonatal rats
Authors: Masood Azhar , Yi Man , Lau Mandy , Belcastro Rosetta , Li Jun , Kantores Crystal , Pace‐Asciak Cecil R. , Jankov Robert P. , Tanswell A. Keith 
Published: November 2013

SummaryRationaleUse of the anti‐inflammatory agent dexamethasone in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia has been curtailed, and no alternative anti‐inflammatory agents are approved for this use. Our objective was to use a neonatal rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia to determine if an highly selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor, 5,5‐dimethyl‐3‐(3‐fluorophenyl)4‐(4‐methylsulfonyl)phenyl‐2(5H)‐furanone (DFU; 10 µg/g body weight), could prevent inflammatory cell influx and protect against lung injury.MethodsNeonatal rats exposed to air or 60% O2 for 14 days from birth either received daily i.p. injections of (i) vehicle or DFU or (ii) vehicle or an EP(1) receptor antagonist, SC‐19220.ResultsDFU attenuated the lung macrophage and neutrophil influx, prevented interstitial thickening and prevented the loss of peripheral blood vessels induced by 60% O2, but did not protect against the variance in alveolar diameter induced by 60% O2. Exposure to 60% O2 caused both an increase in lung prostaglandin E2 content and a reduction in lung mesenchymal cell mass which was reversed by DFU. Prostaglandin E2 binding to the EP(1) receptor inhibited DNA synthesis in cultures of lung fibroblasts in a dose dependent fashion. Treatment with SC‐19220 attenuated the reduction in lung mesenchymal mass observed following exposure of rat pups to 60% O2.ConclusionsAn highly selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor is an effective anti‐inflammatory substitute for dexamethasone for preventing phagocyte influx into the neonatal lung during 60% O2‐mediated lung injury, and can modify the severity of that injury. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:991–1002. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the nature of pleural involvement in necrotizing pneumonia: A report of two cases of life threatening late complications
Authors: Demirel Nadir , Quizon Annabelle , Beltetón De Leon Edgar Leonel , Reiter Joel , Colin Andrew A. 
Published: November 2013

SummarySuppurative complications of pneumonia such as empyema, lung abscess, pyopneumothorax, and necrotizing pneumonia (NP) are uncommon in children. Over the last decade an increasing incidence of NP has been reported. Streptococcus pneumoniae continues to be the predominant causative organism of NP, and while sporadic cases were reported prior to routine administration of heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine, a marked increase in NP appears to relate to replacement pneumococcal strains. Pleural involvement is almost universal in NP, and the course of pleural disease often determines its duration and outcome, particularly as it relates to complication of bronchopleural fistula. Cavities are formed in NP within the lung parenchyma and in the pleural space as the fibrosing pleural process organizes. The similarity of the radiologic appearance of parenchymal and pleural space cavities often makes the differentiation of pneumatocele versus residua of loculated pneumothorax challenging. The prevailing perception from most reports on childhood NP is of a favorable outcome with conservative approach. We report two pediatric cases with pneumonia who presented with prolonged fever despite antibiotic treatment, eventually diagnosed with NP. After stabilization on prolonged IV antibiotics, and weeks after discharge, they presented with unexpected acute respiratory failure due to a life‐threatening tension air collection. In this article we discuss the nature of NP, its typical presentation, benign course and outcome, albeit its potential to cause serious late complications in the light of our recent experiences. Increasing awareness of such complications will result in more careful follow‐up and in providing appropriate recommendations to parents of patients recovering from NP. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E90–E95. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enzalutamide: new second‐line treatment for prostate cancer
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Payne Heather 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEnzalutamide is a new second‐line treatment for castration‐resistant prostate cancer. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects, and Dr Heather Payne discusses its place in treatment.
Low temperature plasma oxidation for advanced 3D CMOS‐based devices
Authors: Niess J. , Kegel W. , Lerch W. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe required temperature in semiconductor process technology is going towards two extreme directions. Either very high temperatures (up to 1300 °C) with very short durations on the order of milliseconds are required for highest dopant activation, or extremely low temperatures are needed for forming high‐quality dielectrics with minimum dopant deactivation and redistribution. This contribution describes a new microwave plasma oxidation apparatus with unique features addressing the before‐mentioned low‐temperature process requirements. With this new technique the oxide growth rate was studied as a function of time, gas ambient, pressure, applied microwave power and silicon substrate parameters to determine crystallographic oxidation rate anisotropy and dopant concentration independent oxidation at temperatures well below 500 °C. The “More Moore” approach of geometrical scaling in 2D will soon come to a physical end and therefore new requirements related to the thermal budget occur. Additionally the transition from 2D to 3D devices requires extremely conformal oxide growth. Both the low temperature and conformal oxide growth will be demonstrated on test structures. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetoresistance effects in current‐perpendicular‐to‐plane structures based on Fe3Si/FeSi2 artificial lattices
Authors: Sakai Ken‐ichiro , Noda Yuta , Takeda Kaoru , Takeda Masayasu , Yoshitake Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFrom Fe3Si/FeSi2 artificial lattices, wherein Fe3Si layers are partially epitaxially grown from the first layer on Si(111) up to the top layer across the FeSi2 layers with the same orientation relationship as that in the first layer, current‐perpendicular‐to‐plane (CPP) structures that partially contain current‐in‐to‐plane (CIP) structural portions were fabricated by a mask method. It was confirmed that the antiparallel alignment of magnetization at a zero magnetic field due to antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling is changed to parallel alignment with the applied magnetic field by polarized neutron reflectometry. The MR ratio was comparable to that of CIP structural films. It might be because a current should predominantly flow in the CIP portion since the CIP structural portion is dimensionally so large as compared with that of the CPP portion. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of BaSi2 films on (111)‐oriented Si layers formed by inverted Al‐induced crystallization method on glass structure
Authors: Numata Ryohei , Toko Kaoru , Usami Noritaka , Suemasu Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe formation process of high‐quality BaSi2 films on glass substrates was investigated. A polycrystal‐Si/Al/SiO2 structure was prepared by means of the inverted Al‐induced crystallization technique. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements revealed that the crystal orientation of the grown Si layer varied significantly depending on the Al/Si thickness: The (111) orientation fraction reached 97% for the 50‐nm‐thick sample and the (100) orientation fraction reached 88% for the 200‐nm‐thick sample. These oriented Si layers on SiO2 glass substrates were used as templates for BaSi2 growth. The θ ‐2θ X‐ray diffraction patterns indicated the formation of BaSi2 films. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of n+‐BaSi2/p+‐Si tunnel junction on Si(001) surface for characterization of photoresponse properties of BaSi2epitaxial films
Authors: Koike S. , Baba M. , Nakamura K. , Ajmal K. M. , Du W. , Toko K. , Suemasu T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe grew Sb doped n+‐BaSi2 on p+‐Si(001) to form a tunnel junction using undoped BaSi2 templates by reactive deposition epitaxy (RDE). When the RDE growth duration was 30 s, the current became the largest. In addition, a 250‐nm‐thick undoped BaSi2 film was epitaxially grown on the tunnel junction for photoresponse measurement. Photocurrents, measured under the bias voltages between top and bottom electrodes, increased sharply at photon energies greater than 1.25 eV. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)