bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulp Regeneration in Necrotic Teeth Based on Functionalized Scaffolds: a Review of Clinical and Experimental Strategies
Authors: De la cruz-Rocha Edwin Rafael , Parada-Sanchez Monica Tatiana , Arboleda-Toro David , Cañas-Gutierrez Ana Isabel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
This review aims to summarize the literature about the main concepts related to pulp regeneration in necrotic teeth as well as the functions of each of the elements applied, with special consideration on understanding the functionalization of the different biomaterials used in the scaffold design.

Recent Findings
Pulp necrosis, caused by trauma, caries, or periodontal disease, interrupts this tissue's formative, nutritive, reparative, and defense functions, making its regeneration challenging to favor the prognosis of the compromised tooth. Although current regenerative endodontic treatments do not fully regenerate the pulp-dentin complex with its vascular and neuronal components, the functionalization of biomaterials could favor the regeneration of functional pulp-like tissue through the strategy called Cell Homing.

Summary
The biomaterials used in pulp regeneration when functionalized with protein or pharmacological molecules have a great influence on the migratory, proliferative and differentiation response of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells residing within the dental and periodontal tissues. The structure and physiology of the pulp tissue are considered challenges in regenerative endodontics. However, the development of strategies based on functionalized bio-scaffolds, promoting cell migration and subsequent cell homing is a promising solution to improve the prognosis of tooth with pulp necrosis.
Understanding the Decoupled Effects of Cations and Anions Doping for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Tianxiang , Wang Yixi , Liu Kai , Liu Jia , Zhang Haoyang , Khan Qudrat Ullah , Dai Shijie , Qian Weifan , Liu Ruochen , Wang Yanyan , Li Chongyuan , Zhang Zhenru , Luo Mingxiang , Yue Xiaofei , Cong Chunxiao , Yongbo Yuan , Yu Anran , Zhang Jia , Zhan Yiqiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The past decade has witnessed the rapid increasement in power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, serious ion migration hampers their operational stability. Although dopants composed of varied cations and anions are introduced into perovskite to suppress ion migration, the impact of cations or anions is not individually explored, which hinders the evaluation of different cations and further application of doping strategy. Here we report that a special group of sulfonic anions (like CF3SO3
−) successfully introduce alkaline earth ions (like Ca2+) into perovskite lattice compared to its halide counterparts. Furthermore, with effective crystallization regulation and defect passivation of sulfonic anions, perovskite with Ca(CF3SO3)2 shows reduced PbI2 residue and metallic Pb0 defects; thereby, corresponding PSCs show an enhanced PCE of 24.95%. Finally by comparing the properties of perovskite with Ca(CF3SO3)2 and FACF3SO3, we found that doped Ca2+ significantly suppressed halide migration with an activation energy of 1.246 eV which accounts for the improved operational stability of Ca(CF3SO3)2-doped PSCs, while no obvious impact of Ca2+on trap density is observed. Combining the benefits of cations and anions, this study presents an effective method to decouple the effects of cations and anions and fabricate efficient and stable PSCs.
A First Look at the Gravettian Open-Air Site Ollersdorf-Heidenberg (Austria): Recent Fieldwork and First Results on Stratigraphy, Chronology, Organic Preservation and Combustion Activity
Authors: Bosch Marjolein D. , Pirson Stéphane , Damblon Freddy , Jambrina-Enríquez Margarita , Mallol Carolina , Pryor Alexander , Murphree William Chase , Viola Bence T. , Antl-Weiser Walpurga , Nigst Philip R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Middle Danube region is a key area for understanding Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer behaviours in a climatic context due to its long loess–palaeosol sequences and rich archaeological record spanning from the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic to the Last Glacial Maximum and beyond. Recently, new approaches focusing on high-resolution studies of the stratigraphy, geoarchaeological studies at microscopic scale and investigations of organic matter at molecular scale (biomarker analyses) have shown great new insights in human behaviour. Many sites in the Middle Danube region have been excavated a long time ago without opportunity to apply such approaches. The aim of this paper is to introduce Ollersdorf-Heidenberg, a loess open-air site. The site is located ~ 26 km northeast of Vienna close to the Morava River valley and preserves several Upper Palaeolithic archaeological horizons. The site has been known since a pipeline construction in 1998. Here, we report the first results of new research at the site including new excavations in two trenches. We describe and analyse the stratigraphy, present a first radiocarbon date, describe and analyse lithic and faunal collections, and assess potential in situ combustion activity and the preservation of organic matter. Research at the site is ongoing, but our preliminary results let us suggest good preservation of organic matter and, hence, Ollersdorf-Heidenberg has a remarkable potential for providing valuable insights in past hunter-gatherer behaviours at the climatic downturn towards the Last Glacial Maximum.
Is anomalous electron cross-field transport always detrimental?: potential applications of deliberately enhanced transport in Hall thrusters
Authors: Bak Junhwi , Kawashima Rei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Anomalous electron transport in Hall thrusters is traditionally viewed as detrimental to thruster performance due to the power consumption associated with electron back-flow. The electron back-flow can significantly increase when the magnetic barrier near the acceleration region is deteriorated. However, enhanced cross-field transport in the near-anode or plume region, which contributes less to the total resistivity across the space, can potentially control thruster operation while minimizing known detrimental effects. In this work, we explore how enhanced cross-field transport in such regions affects various aspects of Hall thruster operation and explore the potential applications of artificially enhanced cross-field transport using a radial-axial 2D hybrid particle-in-cell simulation. We report that, in certain cases, even though electron back-flow increases, induced changes in plasma formation and ion acceleration due to manipulated anomalous transport can occur favorably, overall improving thruster performance. This finding motivates further comprehensive studies focused on the control of cross-field electron transport.
Integrating Disease Investigation Escape Room and Preparedness Simulation into Nursing Education
Authors: Phan Quyen To , Chance-Revels Rebekah , Clark-Youngblood Morgan , Baker Helen , Kimble Laura P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
This report describes the implementation and evaluation of a unique escape room game/unfolding public health preparedness simulation into nursing education. The innovative approach was designed to teach disease investigation, epidemiological principles, and technical skills such as the tuberculosis (TB) skin testing techniques.

Methods
The escape room/unfolding health preparedness simulation was implemented with 29 pre-licensure nursing students and involved game-like activities as well as a realistic disaster simulation scenario with standardized patients.

Results
The project yielded positive outcomes, with students demonstrating increased knowledge and confidence. Students also recommended the simulation for teaching disaster preparedness, highlighting its effectiveness. Evaluation data also suggested refinement of the simulation around the nurses’ roles.

Conclusions
While implementing this teaching innovation had challenges, the approach enhanced active learning, critical thinking, and teamwork in nursing education, preparing students for real-world health care challenges. The project underscores the importance of such simulations in training nursing students for public health emergencies. It also highlights the need for further research to assess long-term impacts on student outcomes, indicating the potential for continued improvement and development in the field.
Patient safety as a measure of resilience in US hospitals: central line-associated bloodstream infections, July 2020 through June 2021
Authors: Sapiano Mathew R.P. , Dudeck Margaret A. , Patel Prachi R. , Binder Alison M. , Kofman Aaron , Kuhar David T. , Pillai Satish K. , Stuckey Matthew J. , Edwards Jonathan R. , Benin Andrea L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Resilience of the healthcare system has been described as the ability to absorb, adapt, and respond to stress while maintaining the provision of safe patient care. We quantified the impact that stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic had on patient safety, as measured by central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Network.

Design:
Acute care hospitals were mandated to report markers of resource availability (staffing and hospital occupancy with COVID-19 inpatients) to the federal government between July 2020 and June 2021. These data were used with community levels of COVID-19 to develop a statistical model to assess factors influencing rates of CLABSIs among inpatients during the pandemic.

Results:
After risk adjustment for hospital characteristics, measured stressors were associated with increased CLABSIs. Staff shortages for more than 10% of days per month were associated with a statistically significant increase of 2 CLABSIs per 10,000 central line days versus hospitals reporting staff shortages of less than 10% of days per month. CLABSIs increased with a higher inpatient COVID-19 occupancy rate; when COVID-19 occupancy was 20% or more, there were 5 more CLABSIs per 10,000 central line days versus the referent (less than 5%).

Conclusions:
Reporting of data pertaining to hospital operations during the COVID-19 pandemic afforded an opportunity to evaluate resilience of US hospitals. We demonstrate how the stressors of staffing shortages and high numbers of patients with COVID-19 negatively impacted patient safety, demonstrating poor resilience. Understanding stress in hospitals may allow for the development of policies that support resilience and drive safe care.
Does PCR-based pathogen identification reduce mortality in bloodstream infections? Insights from a difference-in-difference analysis
Authors: Gago Juan , Renson Audrey , Takats Courtney , Torres Victor J. , Shopsin Bo , Thorpe Lorna E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Bloodstream infections (BSI) are associated with high mortality rates, particularly when caused by resistant pathogens. Reducing the delay in diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment is crucial for improving clinical outcomes. The implementation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests in the diagnostic process offers a promising approach to achieving quicker identification of pathogens, thereby potentially reducing mortality associated with BSI.

Methods:
A difference-in-differences analysis was performed within a New York City hospital system, comparing mortality risk between patients with enterococcal BSI before and after the adoption of BCID2 PCR testing, using as control those with methicillin-sensitive S. aureus BSI, for which diagnostic protocol has been unchanged.

Results:
The study included 548 inpatients; 164 diagnosed with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) BSI and 384 with MSSA BSI. The mean 30-day mortality risk difference in the period post-intervention estimated in our difference-in-differences model was -6.03 per 100 (95% CI: -10.35 to -1.7), with event study plots suggesting minimal deviation from parallel trends in the pre-treatment period.

Conclusions:
Findings suggest that introduction of BCID2 PCR testing for enterococcal bloodstream infections (BSI) may be associated with a reduction in mortality, however, interpretation of the effects must be approached with caution given the relative imprecision of estimates. Further research with larger samples is essential to establish a definitive conclusion on the impact of rapid PCR testing on mortality in BSI. This is an innovative approach using causal methods to evaluate interventions aimed at the improvement of infection control and antimicrobial treatment strategies.
Simultaneous transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Emral Hicran Gül , Gupta Palak , Fraisse Alain 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We report simultaneous transcatheter closure of a secundum atrial septal defect, a perimembranous ventricular septal defect, and a patent ductus arteriosus in a 3-year-old female wıth symptoms of heart failure. As it was not possible to determine the impact of each defect on the patient’s symptoms, all of them were closed with good results, for a tiny residual venrricular septal defect.
The first series of implantations of the Harmony valve in Europe: the beginning of a new era for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation also in the Old Continent?
Authors: Gendera K. , Cheatham J. , Georgiev S. , Ewert P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For many patients with right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) dysfunction, percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) offers a less-invasive alternative treatment option to surgery with a similar long-term result. However, the implantation of the valves recently available on the European market was only possible in patients with a limited maximal RVOT diameter. In patients with large RVOT, surgical treatment has remained the only possible treatment modality until recently. The self-expandable Harmony transcatheter pulmonary valve is a valve dedicated for patients with severe pulmonary regurgitation in the native and surgically repaired wide RVOT. The initial experience worldwide with this valve is very promising. However, it has not been implanted in Europe until recently. We report on four young adult patients with severe pulmonary valve regurgitation who underwent a successful PPVI with Harmony valve implantation. There were no serious complications in our small study group. In conclusion, the Harmony valve may offer a less-invasive and safe treatment alternative to surgery for patients in whom the available balloon-expandable valves offer only limited applicability. This valve has only recently become accessible on the European market.
Treatment rates and delays for mental and substance use disorders: results from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Birrell Louise , Prior Katrina , Vescovi Joshua , Sunderland Matthew , Slade Tim , Chapman Cath 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
Prompt initial contact with a treatment provider is a critical first step in seeking help for a mental or substance use disorders (SUDs). The aim of the current study was to provide estimates of patterns and predictors of delay in making initial treatment contact based on the recently completed Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing.

Methods
Data came a nationally representative epidemiological survey of n = 15,893 Australians. Measures included DSM-IV lifetime diagnoses of mood (MD), anxiety (AD) and SUDs; age of disorder onset; and age of first treatment contact. Correlates of treatment delay were examined.

Results
SUDs exhibited the lowest lifetime treatment rate (27%), compared to MD (94%) and ADs (85%). Individuals with AD experienced the longest delay in seeking treatment (Mdn = 11 years), followed by those with SUDs (Mdn = 8 years) and MDs (Mdn = 3 years). Females had higher odds of seeking treatment for MD and AD but lower odds for SUDs. Recent birth cohorts showed increased treatment seeking across disorders, and higher education was associated with increased treatment seeking for MD and AD. Age of onset, country of birth and co-occurring disorders had mixed associations with treatment seeking.

Conclusions
The study reveals stark disparities in treatment-seeking behaviour and delays across mental and substance use disorders, with a pronounced underutilization of services for SUDs. Additionally, attention should be directed towards early intervention for individuals with earlier symptom onset, those from earlier cohorts and those with co-occurring SUDs.
Learning Propagators for Sea Surface Height Forecasts Using Koopman Autoencoders
Authors: Brettin Andrew E. , Zanna Laure , Barnes Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDue to the wide range of processes impacting the sea surface height (SSH) on daily‐to‐interannual timescales, SSH forecasts are hampered by numerous sources of uncertainty. While statistical‐dynamical methods like Linear Inverse Modeling have been successful at making forecasts, they often rely on assumptions that can be hard to satisfy given the nonlinear dynamics of the climate. Here, we train convolutional autoencoders with a dynamical propagator in the latent space to generate forecasts of SSH anomalies. Learning a nonlinear dimensionality reduction and the prediction timestepping together results in a propagator that produces better predictions for daily‐ and monthly‐averaged SSH in the North Pacific and Atlantic than if the dimensionality reduction and dynamics are learned separately. The reconstruction skill of the model highlights regions in which better representation results in improved predictions: in particular, the tropics for North Pacific daily SSH predictions and the Caribbean Current for the North Atlantic.
Preventing psychosis in people at clinical high risk: an updated meta-analysis by the World Psychiatric Association Preventive Psychiatry section
Authors: Minichino Amedeo , Davies Cathy , Karpenko Olga , Christodoulou Nikos , Ramalho Rodrigo , Nandha Sunil , Damiani Stefano , Provenzani Umberto , Esposito Cecilia Maria , Mensi Martina Maria , Borgatti Renato , Stefana Alberto , McGuire Philip , Fusar-Poli Paolo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recently published large-scale randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have questioned the efficacy of preventive interventions in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to include this new evidence and provide future directions for the field. We followed the PRISMA guidelines and a pre-registered protocol, with a literature search conducted from inception to November 2023. We included RCTs that collected data on psychosis transition (the primary outcome) in CHR-P. Secondary outcomes were symptoms severity and functioning. Investigated time points were 6,12,24,36, and +36 months. We used odd ratios (ORs) and standardised mean differences (SMD) as summary outcomes. Heterogeneity was estimated with the Higgins I2. Twenty-four RCTs, involving 3236 CHR-P individuals, were included. Active interventions were Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), family-focused therapy, Integrated Psychological Therapy, antipsychotics, omega-3 fatty acids, CBT plus risperidone, minocycline, and other non-pharmacological approaches (cognitive remediation, sleep-targeted therapy, brain stimulation). Results showed no evidence that any of the investigated active interventions had a sustained and robust effect on any of the investigated outcomes in CHR-P, when compared to control interventions, including CBT on transition to psychosis at 12 months (9 RCTs; OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.39–1.06; I2: 21%; P = 0.08). These results highlight the need for novel treatment approaches in CHR-P. Future studies should consider the heterogeneity of this clinical population and prioritise stratification strategies and bespoke treatments.
Molecular insights and rational engineering of a compact CRISPR-Cas effector Cas12h1 with a broad-spectrum PAM
Authors: Zheng Weiwei , Li Hongyu , Liu Mengxi , Wei Yuhang , Liu Bo , Li Zekai , Xiong Chenyang , Huang Shiqing , Hu Chunyi , Ouyang Songying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cas12h1 is a compact CRISPR-associated nuclease from functionally diverse type V CRISPR-Cas effectors and recognizes a purine-rich protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) distinct from that of other type V Cas effectors. Here, we report the nickase preference of Cas12h1, which predominantly cleaves the nontarget strand (NTS) of a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) substrate. In addition, Cas12h1 acts as a nickase in human cells. We further determined the cryo-EM structures of Cas12h1 in the surveillance, R-loop formation, and interference states, revealing the molecular mechanisms involved in the crRNA maturation, target recognition, R-loop formation, nuclease activation and target degradation. Cas12h1 notably recognizes a broad 5’-DHR-3’ PAM (D is A, G, or T; H is A, C, or T; R is A or G) both in vitro and in human cells. In addition, Cas12h1 utilizes a distinct activation mechanism that the lid motif undergoes a “flexible to stable” transition to expose the catalytic site to the substrate. A high-fidelity nucleic acid detector, Cas12h1hf, was developed through rational engineering, which distinguishes single-base mismatches and retains comparable on-target activities. Our results shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying Cas12h1 nickase, improve the understanding of type V Cas effectors, and expand the CRISPR toolbox for genome editing and molecular diagnosis.
One-carbon metabolism is distinct metabolic signature for proliferative intermediate exhausted T cells of ICB-resistant cancer patients
Authors: Park Ye-Chan , Hwang Yeseong , Jeong Jae Woong , Lee Chae Min , Kim Minki , Jo Sugyeong , Joo Seyeon , Hwang Nahee , Fang Sungsoon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
One-carbon metabolism (1CM) has been reported to promote cancer progression across various malignancies. While 1CM is critical for cell proliferation by enhancing nucleotide synthesis, its physiological roles within different cell types in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) still remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed bulk-RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients to elucidate the functional roles of 1CM within the TIME. Moreover, we examined scRNA-seq data from patients treated with immunotherapy across various cancers, including LUAD, glioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and triple-negative breast cancer. Compared to other cell types, 1CM gene profiles are significantly enriched in a specific subset of T cells. Intriguingly, these high-1CM T cells are identified as proliferative intermediate exhausted T cells (Texint). Furthermore, these proliferative Texint received the most robust CD137 signaling. Consistently, analysis of scRNA-seq data from LUAD patients undergoing anti-PD1 immunotherapy demonstrated that proliferative Texint exhibited higher 1CM scores and increased CD137 signaling. This observation was particularly pronounced in non-responders to immunotherapy, where the Texint population was significantly expanded. We further established that 1CM is a prominent signaling pathway in proliferative Texint in patients resistant to immunotherapy across multiple cancer types. Collectively, we identify CD137 signaling as a distinctive pathway in proliferative Texint of LUAD patients who do not respond to immunotherapy. These findings propose that targeting 1CM may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy by mitigating Texint proliferation in diverse cancers.