bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le savoir-rire en Chine
Authors: Steinmüller Hans 
Published: August 2013

En Chine, le bon usage du sourire et du rire fait l’objet de manuels détaillés, de conférences et de cours, qui recommandent expressément de toujours prendre en compte la situation sociale où se produit le rire, son apprentissage ne pouvant se faire hors contexte. Le rire et le sourire créent des « communautés de connivence », que caractérise une compréhension implicite partagée de l’« incongruité » de certaines formes ou discours sociaux. J’aborde en particulier l’« incongruité » qui existe entre les codes officiels et les codes locaux, arguant qu’ils renvoient à des usages distincts et à des rires ou à des sourires différents. Le bon usage, l’arrière-plan historique et la situation sociale apportent des indices contextuels sur la signification du rire. Des ambiguïtés subsistent toujours mais, en se livrant dans l’action à une interprétation pragmatique, un acteur social compétent assure la continuité de la communication. Si cela vaut pour le langage en général, le rire, lui, accentue les ambiguïtés, et c’est cette particularité qui lui confère toute son efficacité sociale.
The journey to antiretroviral therapy in Karnataka, India: who was lost on the road?
Authors: Shastri Suresh , Sathyanarayna Srinath , Nagaraja Sharath Burugina , Kumar Ajay MV , Rewari Bharat , Harries Anthony D , Zachariah Rony 
Published: August 2013

IntroductionOne important operational challenge facing antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes in low‐ and middle‐income countries is the loss to follow‐up between diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and initiation of ART. This is a major obstacle to achieving universal access to ART. This study from Karnataka, India, tried to measure such losses by determining the number of HIV‐positive individuals diagnosed, the number of them reaching ART centres, the number initiated on ART and the reasons for non‐initiation of ART.MethodsA review of records routinely maintained under the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) was carried out in six districts of Karnataka. HIV‐positive persons diagnosed during the months from January to June 2011 in 233 public HIV‐testing sites were followed up until December 2011 based on the pre‐ART registers. A chi‐square test was used to assess statistical significance.ResultsOf 2291 HIV‐positive persons diagnosed (52% male; mean age of 35 years), 1829 (80%) reached ART centres. Of the latter, 1166 (64%) were eligible for ART, and 959 (82%) were initiated on treatment. Overall losses (attrition) on the road between HIV diagnosis and ART initiation were 669 (29%). Deaths, migration and not willing to go to the ART centres were cited as the main known reasons for not reaching ART centres. For ART‐eligible individuals who did not initiate ART, the most common known reasons for non‐initiation included dying before initiation of ART and not being willing to start ART.ConclusionsIn a large state of India, eight in ten HIV‐positive persons reached ART centres, and of those found ART eligible, 82% start treatment. Although this is an encouraging achievement, the programme needs to take further steps to improve the current performance by further reducing pre‐ART attrition. We recommend online registering of diagnosed HIV‐positive patients to track the patients more efficiently.
Barriers to Optimal Disease Control for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With Moderate and High Disease Activity
Authors: Tymms Kathleen , Zochling Jane , Scott James , Bird Paul , Burnet Simon , de Jager Julien , Griffiths Hedley , Nicholls Dave , Roberts Lynden , Arnold Mark , Littlejohn Geoffrey 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate barriers that prevent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients from achieving Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐ESR) scores within the current recommended levels for low disease activity (LDA) or clinical remission (DAS28‐ESR score <3.2).MethodsUsing an electronic medical record program, clinical data for RA patients treated in Optimising Patient Outcomes in Australian Rheumatology clinics, with a recorded DAS28‐ESR score, were collected at one point in time. The data included demographics, medications, disease measures, and the rheumatologist's opinion of the main barriers preventing improvement to the recommended DAS28 score.ResultsOf the 4,037 patients with a recorded DAS28‐ESR score, 304 patients (7.5%) had high disease activity (HDA) and 1,211 patients (30%) had moderate disease activity (MDA). For 584 HDA or MDA patients, the barriers to disease control (BTCs) were recorded by the rheumatologist when there was no adjustment to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. The recorded BTCs were irreversible joint damage (19.7%), patient‐driven preference (14.7%), noninflammatory musculoskeletal pain (9.2%), insufficient time to assess the effect of recently initiated DMARDs (9.2%), safety concerns (7.5%), comorbidities (6.5%), resistant disease (6.3%), and other less common reasons. These patients received DMARDs (97.4%), including biologic agents (34.1%), methotrexate (74.8%), and oral corticosteroids (41.8%).ConclusionThis study identified clinical situations in which rheumatologists elected to continue RA patients with MDA or HDA on DMARD therapy without adjustment to achieve clinical remission or an LDA target of a DAS28‐ESR score <3.2.
Preworkshop Knowledge of Musculoskeletal Anatomy of Rheumatology Fellows and Rheumatologists of Seven North, Central, and South American Countries
Authors: Navarro‐Zarza José E. , Hernández‐Díaz Cristina , Saavedra Miguel A. , Alvarez‐Nemegyei José , Kalish Robert A. , Canoso Juan J. , Villaseñor‐Ovies Pablo 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo report the baseline knowledge of clinical anatomy of rheumatology fellows and rheumatologists from Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, the US, and Uruguay.MethodsThe invitation to attend a workshop in clinical anatomy was an open call by national rheumatology societies in 4 countries or by invitation from teaching program directors in 3 countries. Prior to the workshop, a practical test of anatomic structures commonly involved in rheumatic diseases was administered. The test consisted of the demonstration of these structures or their function in the participant's or instructor's body. At one site, a postworkshop practical test was administered immediately after the workshop.ResultsThere were 170 participants (84 rheumatology fellows, 61 rheumatologists, and 25 nonrheumatologists). The overall mean ± SD number of correct answers was 46.6% ± 19.9% and ranged from 32.5–67.0% by country. Rheumatology fellows scored significantly higher than nonrheumatologists. Questions related to anatomy of the hand scored the lowest of the regions surveyed.ConclusionRheumatology fellows and rheumatologists showed a deficit in knowledge of musculoskeletal anatomy that is of central importance in rheumatologic assessment and diagnosis. This gap may hinder accurate and cost‐effective rheumatologic diagnosis, particularly in the area of regional pain syndromes. Presently, widespread use of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) by rheumatologists may be premature, since a key component of expert‐level MSUS is the integration of an accurate knowledge of anatomy with the views obtained with the ultrasound probe.
Frequency of Radiographic Damage and Progression in Individual Joints in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Giancane Gabriella , Pederzoli Silvia , Norambuena Ximena , Ioseliani Maka , Sato Juliana , Gallo Maria Chiara , Negro Giorgia , Pistorio Angela , Ruperto Nicolino , Martini Alberto , Ravelli Angelo 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the presence and progression of radiographic joint damage, as assessed with the adapted Sharp/van der Heijde score (SHS), in individual joints in the hand and wrist in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to compare progression of damage among different JIA categories.MethodsA total of 372 radiographs of both wrists and hands obtained at first observation and at last followup visit (after 1–10 years) in 186 children with polyarticular‐course JIA were evaluated. All radiographs were scored using the adapted SHS by 2 independent readers. Radiographic assessment included evaluation of joint space narrowing (JSN) and erosions on baseline and last followup radiographs and of progression of radiographic changes from baseline to last followup radiographs.ResultsBoth JSN and erosions occurred in all adapted SHS areas. Overall, radiographic damage and progression were more common in the wrist and less common in metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. The hamate and capitate areas appeared particularly vulnerable to cartilage loss. Erosions were identified most frequently in the hamate and capitate bones as well as in the second and third metacarpal bases. Patients with extended oligoarthritis were distinctly less susceptible to JSN in hand joints, whereas patients with polyarthritis showed a greater tendency to developing erosions in hand joints.ConclusionRadiographic joint damage and progression in our patients with JIA were seen most commonly in the wrist and less commonly in MCP joints. The frequency and localization of structural abnormalities differed markedly across disease categories.
Quality of Life and Health Care Use in Patients With Arthralgias Without Synovitis Compared With Patients Diagnosed With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Data From an Early Arthritis Cohort
Authors: Kuijper T. Martijn , Luime Jolanda J. , Alves Celina , Barendregt Pieternella J. , van Zeben Jendé , Bindels Patrick J. E. , Hazes Johanna M. W. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo compare the burden of disease and its development over time in patients referred to an early arthritis cohort who were diagnosed either as having arthralgias without synovitis or as having rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsPatients diagnosed as having arthralgias without synovitis or RA were selected from the Rotterdam Early Arthritis Cohort. Data on clinical and psychological characteristics, demographics, pain scores (Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index), functional ability (Health Assessment Questionnaire), health‐related quality of life (HRQOL; Short Form 36), fatigue (visual analog scale and Fatigue Assessment Scale), and health care utilization (HCU) were collected at baseline and at 6 and 12 months of followup. The burden of disease measures (pain, functional ability, fatigue, and HRQOL) and HCU levels were plotted over time for both groups. A Poisson regression model for repeated data was used to identify determinants of HCU for both groups.ResultsAt baseline, 330 patients with arthralgias without synovitis (nonsynovitis [NS] group) and 244 RA patients (RA group) were included. Overall, the burden of disease measures and HCU levels were very similar between groups. Both groups showed improvement over time with respect to pain scores, functional ability, HRQOL, and HCU levels. Independent predictors of high HCU were identified as more pain, worse physical health, and external locus of control in the NS group and as shorter duration of symptoms, low chance locus of control, and worse physical functioning in the RA group.ConclusionDespite the absence of an inflammatory diagnosis, patients with arthralgias without synovitis experienced a similar burden of disease compared with RA patients.
Utility of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in a Department of Defense Rheumatology Practice: A Four‐Year Retrospective Experience
Authors: Kay Johnson C. , Higgs Jay B. , Battafarano Daniel F. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo analyze the utility of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) in a rheumatology department and characterize relevant clinical trends.MethodsElectronic medical records of all patients (n = 503) requiring MSUS in our department from January 2007 to December 2011 were reviewed. Rheumatologists performed MSUS using MyLab 25 or MyLab 70 systems. Clinical data were collected, including age, sex, symptoms, joint(s) examined, MSUS findings, procedures, further radiologic studies, and additional specialty consults. Results were tabulated from 717 total MSUS encounters and each was categorized as a completed encounter or an incomplete encounter. All magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports that followed MSUS were examined for concurrence. Cumulative numbers of MSUS examinations and MRIs were totaled. The Medicare global national average cost for MRIs and potential savings were calculated.ResultsA total of 789 joint sites were examined by MSUS. There were 84 US‐guided procedures. Overall, 158 specialty consults were generated. After MSUS, 55 additional radiologic studies were ordered. There were 613 (85.5%) primary completed MSUS encounters and 104 cases (14.5%) requiring further imaging studies or an orthopedic consultation. There was an increased use of MSUS and a concurrent decreased use of MRI in our department over 4 consecutive years. We calculated the total potential savings from our rheumatology service to the Department of Defense as approximately $27,937.80 to $38,047.20 over 4 years.ConclusionMSUS has a positive impact in a rheumatology practice. MSUS augments the clinical examination, influences diagnosis and management, decreases reliance on other imaging modalities, and reduces health care costs.
Agreement Among Musculoskeletal Pediatric Specialists in the Assessment of Radiographic Joint Damage in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Rodriguez‐Lozano Ana‐Luisa , Giancane Gabriella , Pignataro Rossana , Viola Stefania , Valle Maura , Gregorio Sandro , Norambuena Ximena , Ioseliani Maka , Pistorio Angela , Magnaguagno Francesca , Riganti Simone , Martini Alberto , Ravelli Angelo 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate agreement among musculoskeletal pediatric specialists in assessing radiographic joint damage in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsTwo pediatric rheumatologists, 2 pediatric radiologists, and 2 pediatric orthopedic surgeons evaluated independently 60 radiographs of both wrists and hands of children with polyarticular‐course JIA. Films were scored using an adapted and simplified version of the Larsen score, ranging from 0–5. Study radiographs were selected from 568 films used in a previous study aimed to validate an adapted pediatric version of the Sharp/van der Heijde (SHS) score. To enable comparison of specialists' scores with the adapted SHS score, the 60 radiographs were divided into 6 classes of severity of damage based on quintiles of the adapted SHS score. Agreement was evaluated in terms of absolute agreement and through weighted kappa statistics.ResultsThe pediatric radiologists tended to assign lower scores and to provide more frequently scores of 0 than did the other specialists. Weighted kappa for the 3 pairs of specialists ranged from 0.67–0.69, indicating substantial agreement. Absolute agreement ranged from 51.3–55.7%, depending on the pair of specialists examined. Both absolute and weighted kappa concordance between specialists' scores and the adapted SHS score were poorer for the pediatric radiologist than for the other specialists.ConclusionWe observed fair agreement in the assessment of radiographic damage among pediatric specialists involved in the care of children with JIA. The radiologists tended to be more reserved than the rheumatologists and orthopedic surgeons in labeling radiographs as damaged or in considering changes as important.
25th Anniversary Article: Recent Advances in n‐Type and Ambipolar Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhao Yan , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe advantages of organic field‐effect transistors, such as low cost, mechanical flexibility and large‐area fabrication, make them potentially useful for electronic applications such as flexible switching backplanes for video displays, radio frequency identifications and so on. A large amount of molecules were designed and synthesized for electron transporting (n‐type) and ambipolar organic semiconductors with improved performance and stability. In this review, we focus on the advances in performance and molecular design of n‐type and ambipolar semiconductors reported in the past few years.
Clinical and radiologic findings in a case series of maxillary sinusitis of dental origin
Authors: Pokorny Al , Tataryn Roderick 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundMaxillary sinusitis of dental origin (MSDO) has been described for decades, but tends to be overlooked as a possible cause of chronic sinusitis by both clinicians and radiologists. The incidence of MSDO in published series is reported to be from 10% to 40% in bacterial sinusitis. We present this series to highlight clinical and radiologic indicators of MSDO.MethodsDatabases from the authors' otolaryngology and endodontic practices were reviewed to identify patients who had been seen mutually. Sixty‐seven (67) patients were identified. Both authors then reviewed the clinical records and associated computed tomography (CT) scans and determined that 31 patients had MSDO and 2 of had bilateral MSDO, for a total of 33 cases. The clinical and radiologic features related to these cases were then tabulated.ResultsThe clinical characteristics of the 33 cases of MSDO were as follows: sinus pain (88%), postnasal drainage (64%), congestion (45%), maxillary toothache (39%), and foul drainage (15%). Radiographic CT findings of MSDO showed periapical abscess in 18 cases (55%), periodontal abscess in 3 cases (9%), and no obvious dental pathology in 12 cases (36%). The extent of associated sinusitis was variable from mucoperiosteal thickening to florid unilateral sinusitis involving multiple sinuses. Eighteen maxillary sinuses (55%) were found to have either patent maxillary infundibula or prior surgical antrostomy. Twenty‐four patients (77%) had unilateral maxillary sinus disease.ConclusionMSDO should be considered highly likely when radiographic evidence of dental pathology is associated with maxillary sinus disease. Regardless of negative CT evidence of dental pathology, MSDO should be suspected when unilateral maxillary sinus disease is seen, particularly when associated with a patent infundibulum. When MSDO is suspected, a clinical endodontic examination should be performed to rule out or treat an odontogenic etiology.
Memory Dysfunction in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Is Associated With Anti‐NR2 Antibodies
Authors: Lauvsnes Maria B. , Maroni Stian S. , Appenzeller Simone , Beyer Mona K. , Greve Ole J. , Kvaløy Jan T. , Harboe Erna , Gøransson Lasse G. , Tjensvoll Anne B. , Omdal Roald 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveOur understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is incomplete. In systemic lupus erythematosus, it has been reported that antibodies directed against N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor subtype NR2 (anti‐NR2) interfere with memory and learning function, as well as mood. This has not been investigated in primary SS; however, the present study was undertaken to advance our understanding of neuropsychiatric involvement in this disease.MethodsSixty‐six patients with primary SS and 66 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control subjects underwent clinical examination and neuropsychological evaluation. Anti‐NR2 antibodies were measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Hippocampus volume was estimated using software extensions to SPM5.ResultsPatients with primary SS had smaller hippocampi than healthy subjects (mean ± SD 8.15 ± 0.98 cm3 versus 8.49 ± 0.88 cm3; P = 0.01). In patients with primary SS, anti‐NR2 antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid were associated with a worse performance in 8 of 10 memory and learning tests, and anti‐NR2 antibodies in serum were associated with a worse performance in 6 of those same tests. In addition, a higher proportion of patients with depression than patients without depression had serum anti‐NR2 antibody levels above the cutoff value.ConclusionResults of this study indicate that anti‐NR2 antibodies may represent one of the pathogenetic mechanisms for cognitive disturbances and mood disorders in patients with primary SS.
Value of Isolated IgA Anti–β2‐Glycoprotein I Positivity in the Diagnosis of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Murthy Vijaya , Willis Rohan , Romay‐Penabad Zurina , Ruiz‐Limón Patricia , Martínez‐Martínez Laura A. , Jatwani Shraddha , Jajoria Praveen , Seif Alan , Alarcón Graciela S. , Papalardo Elizabeth , Liu Jigna , Vilá Luis M. , McGwin Gerald , McNearney Terry A. , Maganti Rashmi , Sunkureddi Prashanth , Parekh Trisha , Tarantino Michael , Akhter Ehtisham , Fang Hong , Gonzalez Emilio B. , Binder Walter R. , Norman Gary L. , Shums Zakera , Teodorescu Marius , Reveille John D. , Petri Michelle , Pierangeli Silvia S. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of isolated IgA anti–β2‐glycoprotein I (anti‐β2GPI) positivity and the association of these antibodies, and a subgroup that bind specifically to domain IV/V of β2GPI, with clinical manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in 3 patient groups and to evaluate the pathogenicity of IgA anti‐β2GPI in a mouse model of thrombosis.MethodsPatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) from a multiethnic, multicenter cohort (LUpus in MInorities, NAture versus nurture [LUMINA]) (n = 558), patients with SLE from the Hopkins Lupus Cohort (n = 215), and serum samples referred to the Antiphospholipid Standardization Laboratory (APLS) (n = 5,098) were evaluated. IgA anti‐β2GPI titers and binding to domain IV/V of β2GPI were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CD1 mice were inoculated with purified IgA anti‐β2GPI antibodies, and surgical procedures and ELISAs were performed to evaluate thrombus development and tissue factor (TF) activity.ResultsA total of 198 patients were found to be positive for IgA anti‐β2GPI isotype, and 57 patients were positive exclusively for IgA anti‐β2GPI antibodies. Of these, 13 of 23 patients (56.5%) in the LUMINA cohort, 17 of 17 patients (100%) in the Hopkins cohort, and 10 of 17 patients (58.9%) referred to APLS had at least one APS‐related clinical manifestation. Fifty‐four percent of all the IgA anti‐β2GPI–positive serum samples reacted with domain IV/V of anti‐β2GPI, and 77% of those had clinical features of APS. Isolated IgA anti‐β2GPI positivity was associated with an increased risk of arterial thrombosis (P < 0.001), venous thrombosis (P = 0.015), and all thrombosis (P < 0.001). The association between isolated IgA anti‐β2GPI and arterial thrombosis (P = 0.0003) and all thrombosis (P = 0.0003) remained significant after adjusting for other risk factors for thrombosis. In vivo mouse studies demonstrated that IgA anti‐β2GPI antibodies induced significantly larger thrombi and higher TF levels compared to controls.ConclusionIsolated IgA anti‐β2GPI–positive titers may identify additional patients with clinical features of APS. Testing for these antibodies when other antiphospholipid tests are negative and APS is suspected is recommended. IgA anti‐β2GPI antibodies directed to domain IV/V of β2GPI represent an important subgroup of clinically relevant antiphospholipids.