bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Insulin Glargine Increase the Risk of Cancer Compared With Other Basal Insulins?
Authors: Fagot Jean-Paul , Blotière Pierre-Olivier , Ricordeau Philippe , Weill Alain , Alla François , Allemand Hubert 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE
To explore in France the relationship between insulin glargine use and overall and specific cancer risks in type 2 diabetic patients compared with other basal insulins.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data were extracted from French health insurance information system (Système National d'Information Inter-Régimes de l'Assurance Maladie) linked with data from the French Hospital Discharge database (Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information). Included were 70,027 patients aged 40–79 years who started a basal insulin in 2007–2009. Cox proportional hazards models with age as time-scale were used to calculate multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for associations between type of basal insulin and risk of overall cancer, breast cancer, and seven other cancer sites.

RESULTS
The median follow-up was 2.67 years in patients exposed to insulin glargine. Absolute event rates for all cancer in patients exposed to glargine versus other basal insulin users were 1,622 and 1,643 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. No significant association was observed between glargine exposure and overall cancer incidence after adjustment for sex, with a hazard ratio of 0.97 (95% CI 0.87–1.07), or after additional adjustment for any other hypoglycemic agent use and duration of diabetes. No increased risk of breast cancer was observed for glargine users compared with other basal insulins users, with a fully adjusted hazard ratio of 1.08 (0.72–1.62).

CONCLUSIONS
In a large cohort of patients newly treated by basal insulin, no increased risk of any cancer was observed in insulin glargine users compared with other basal insulin users. Because follow-up did not exceed 4 years, longer-term studies are needed.
Differential Effect of Glycemia on the Incidence of Hypertension by Sex
Authors: Costacou Tina , Orchard Trevor J. 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Intervention and Complications analyses demonstrated that intensive insulin therapy was inversely associated with incident hypertension. We thus sought to confirm these observations and, given sex differences in other type 1 diabetes complications and risk factors, assessed whether any such associations differ by sex.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants of a prospective cohort of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes, free of hypertension at study entry (baseline mean age, 28 years; diabetes duration, 19 years), were selected for study (n = 510). Hypertension incidence was defined as blood pressure &gt;140/90 mmHg or use of hypertension medications in two consecutive visits. Intensive insulin therapy was defined as three or more injections (or pump) and four or more glucose tests daily. Baseline predictors of hypertension were examined using Cox proportional hazards models. Models with time-dependent updated means of baseline significant variables were also constructed.

RESULTS
Hypertension incidence over 18 years of follow-up was marginally higher in men than in women (43.2 vs. 35.4%, P = 0.07). A significant interaction was noted between sex and HbA1c, and separate models were constructed by sex. Multivariably, elevated HbA1c was a significant predictor only in men (hazard ratio 1.48 [95% CI 1.28–1.71]). In time-dependent models, although a significant effect of HbA1c was also seen in women (1.21 [1.00–1.46]), the effect of glycemic control on hypertension development remained stronger in men (1.59 [1.29–1.97], P interaction &lt;0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Although hyperglycemia is a risk factor for hypertension, its effect is stronger in men compared with women with type 1 diabetes.
Comparative Effectiveness of Lifestyle Intervention Efforts in the Community
Authors: Piatt Gretchen A. , Seidel Miriam C. , Powell Robert O. , Zgibor Janice C. 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE
To determine the comparative effectiveness of three lifestyle intervention modalities in decreasing risk for diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Five hundred and fifty-five individuals (86.1% female, 95.1% white, and 55.8% obese) from eight rural communities were screened for BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and waist circumference &gt;40 inches in men and &gt;35 inches in women. Communities with their eligible participants (n = 493; mean age 51 years, 87.6% female, 94.1% Caucasian) were assigned to four Group Lifestyle Balance (GLB) intervention groups: face to face (FF) (n = 119), DVD (n = 113), internet (INT) (n = 101), and self-selection (SS) (n = 101). SS participants chose the GLB modality. GLB is a comprehensive lifestyle behavior–change program.

RESULTS
A marked decline was observed in weight after the intervention in all groups (FF −12.5 lbs, P = 0.01; DVD −12.2 lbs, P &lt; 0.0001; INT −13.7 lbs, P &lt; 0.0001; and SS −14 lbs, P &lt; 0.0001). Participants in SS experienced the largest average weight loss. Weight loss was sustained in &gt;90% of participants in each group at 6 months (FF 90.7%, DVD 90.9%, INT 92.1%, and SS 100%). All groups experienced improvements in the proportion of participants with CVD risk factors. The proportion of individuals with CVD risk factors remained steady between 3 and 6 months in all groups and never returned back to baseline. All associations remained after multivariate adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite the modality, the GLB intervention was effective at decreasing weight and improving CVD risk factor control. SS and FF participants experienced greater improvements in outcomes compared with other groups, establishing the importance of patient-centered decision making and a support network for successful behavior change.
Maternal Physical Activity and Insulin Action in Pregnancy and Their Relationships With Infant Body Composition
Authors: Pomeroy Jeremy , Renström Frida , Gradmark Anna M. , Mogren Ingrid , Persson Margareta , Bluck Les , Wright Antony , Kahn Steven E. , Domellöf Magnus , Franks Paul W. 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE
We sought to assess the association between maternal gestational physical activity and insulin action and body composition in early infancy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
At 28–32 weeks' gestation, pregnant women participating in an observational study in Sweden underwent assessments of height, weight, and body composition, an oral glucose tolerance test, and 10 days of objective physical activity assessment. Thirty mothers and infants returned at 11–19 weeks postpartum. Infants underwent assessments of weight, length, and body composition.

RESULTS
Early insulin response was correlated with total physical activity (r = −0.47; P = 0.007). Early insulin response (r = −0.36; P = 0.045) and total physical activity (r = 0.52; P = 0.037) were also correlated with infant fat-free mass. No maternal variable was significantly correlated with infant adiposity.

CONCLUSIONS
The relationships between maternal physical activity, insulin response, and infant fat-free mass suggest that physical activity during pregnancy may affect metabolic outcomes in the mother and her offspring.
A global analysis of xylem vessel length in woody plants
Authors: Jacobsen Anna L. , Pratt R. Brandon , Tobin Michael F. , Hacke Uwe G. , Ewers Frank W. 
Published: September 2012

• Premise of the study: Vessels are the chief conduit for long‐distance water transport in the majority of flowering plants. Vessel length is a key trait that determines plant hydraulic efficiency and safety, yet relatively little is known about this xylem feature.• Methods: We used previously published studies to generate a new global data set of vessel length in woody plants. These data were used to examine how evolutionary history, plant habit, environment, and growth ring porosity influenced vessel length. We also examined the relationship between mean vessel length and mean vessel diameter and maximum vessel length.• Key results: Data on mean vessel length were available for stems of 130 species and on maximum vessel length for stems of 91 species. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that vessel length did not exhibit significant phylogenetic signal. Liana species had longer vessel lengths than in tree or shrub species. Vessel diameter was not predictive of mean vessel length, but maximum vessel length strongly predicted mean vessel length. Vessel length did not vary between species that differed in growth ring porosity.• Conclusions: Many traits often assumed to be linked to vessel length, including growth ring porosity and vessel diameter, are not associated with vessel length when compared interspecifically. Sampling for vessel length has been nonrandom, e.g., there are virtually no data available for roots, and sampling for environment has been confounded with sampling for habit. Increased knowledge of vessel length is key to understanding the structure and function of the plant hydraulic pathway.
Crise écologique et éducation
Authors: Monnier Claire 
Published: September 2012

Résumé La crise écologique actuelle a des caractéristiques propres : elle est crise de la représentation que nous nous faisons de la nature, crise de l’humanité, voire crise ontologique. La psychanalyse peut nous aider à la comprendre, notamment par la pulsion de mort. P. Legendre permet d’affiner nos hypothèses. Mélanie Klein aide à pénétrer les énigmes de la toute première enfance. Nous traversons une crise de dévalorisation de la terre-mère, mais aussi des tentatives de réparation dans lesquelles s’enracine le comportement éthique face à l’environnement. Nous serions capables d’avoir endommagé cette mère nourricière : c’est ce qu’exprimeraient l’actuel « souci écologique » et l’urgence de « réparation » de ce qui a été détruit. Il va s’agir de « répondre de » en éduquant à la posture éthique. L’homme contemporain est invité à éprouver responsabilité et gratitude à l’égard du vivant. Notons, à ce sujet, que le concept de « développement durable » est ambigu : il est trop lié au souci de conciliation avec certaines logiques de production économique.
L'homme du XXI e siècle et l'homme au XXI e siècle
Authors: de Broca Alain 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Le chrétien a une « bonne nouvelle » à annoncer. Une nouvelle qui crie la volonté de créer avant toute chose une relation entre Dieu et l’Homme. Une bonne nouvelle qui souligne que la foi est plus importante que l’écrit ou le faire. Une bonne nouvelle qui renvoie l’homme à son humanité, au sein de l’humanité, et qui contredit tout dualisme, demande à ce que l’amour d’autrui ne soit jamais chantage et que l’autre vaille toujours plus que ce qu’il montre... Comment une bonne nouvelle peut-elle trouver un écho dans une société où l’homme est tenaillé par les questions susmentionnées ? Comment répondre à un Dieu qui s’est incarné et ose nous dire qu’il nous aime ainsi et dans notre vie d’aujourd’hui, alors que l’incarnation est en soi refusée parce qu’elle est comprise comme le lieu de souffrances et d’échecs ?
Amour et justice dans la vie économique
Authors: Renouard Cécile 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Demander à la théologie comment elle peut accompagner les sujets dans leur activité professionnelle en entreprise, c’est aussi chercher en quoi elle peut interroger la justice des institutions économiques et financières en faisant place à la critique sociale. L’article fait l’hypothèse qu’étudier la relation entre amour et justice dans l’entreprise offre de bons jalons pour une telle réflexion. Il présente d’abord cette relation au niveau individuel : l’accompagnement des sujets en vue d’une unification personnelle et d’un engagement professionnel fécond soulève le double enjeu de la justesse de la relation à l’entreprise et de l’ouverture à une logique du don et de la gratuité, de l’amour, à l’intérieur de la sphère économique. Cette interrogation, relayée au niveau collectif et institutionnel, invite à regarder comment l’entreprise comme organisation peut mettre en œuvre une démarche à la fois éthique et supra-éthique. Dans un troisième temps, sont dégagées les implications de cette démarche pour une approche éthique et théologique visant la défaite des « structures de péché » et la réalisation de ce que nous nommons la « nouvelle économie du Royaume ».
Mannan-Binding Lectin-Associated Serine Protease (MASP)-1 Is Crucial for Lectin Pathway Activation in Human Serum, whereas neither MASP-1 nor MASP-3 Is Required for Alternative Pathway Function
Authors: Degn Søren E. , Jensen Lisbeth , Hansen Annette G. , Duman Duygu , Tekin Mustafa , Jensenius Jens C. , Thiel Steffen 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The lectin pathway of complement is an important component of innate immunity. Its activation has been thought to occur via recognition of pathogens by mannan-binding lectin (MBL) or ficolins in complex with MBL-associated serine protease (MASP)-2, followed by MASP-2 autoactivation and cleavage of C4 and C2 generating the C3 convertase. MASP-1 and MASP-3 are related proteases found in similar complexes. MASP-1 has been shown to aid MASP-2 convertase generation by auxiliary C2 cleavage. In mice, MASP-1 and MASP-3 have been reported to be central also to alternative pathway function through activation of profactor D and factor B. In this study, we present functional studies based on a patient harboring a nonsense mutation in the common part of the MASP1 gene and hence deficient in both MASP-1 and MASP-3. Surprisingly, we find that the alternative pathway in this patient functions normally, and is unaffected by reconstitution with MASP-1 and MASP-3. Conversely, we find that the patient has a nonfunctional lectin pathway, which can be restored by MASP-1, implying that this component is crucial for complement activation. We show that, although MASP-2 is able to autoactivate under artificial conditions, MASP-1 dramatically increases lectin pathway activity at physiological conditions through direct activation of MASP-2. We further demonstrate that MASP-1 and MASP-2 can associate in the same MBL complex, and that such cocomplexes are found in serum, providing a scenario for transactivation of MASP-2. Hence, in functional terms, it appears that MASP-1 and MASP-2 act in a manner analogous to that of C1r and C1s of the classical pathway.
Occupational Exposure to Sharp Instrument Injuries among Dental, Medical and Nursing Students in Mahatma Gandhi Mission's Campus, Navi Mumbai, India
Authors: Hussain Juveria Syed Ali , Galinde Jyotsna , Jingade Ranganatha Rao K 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundSharp instrument injuries among health care students significantly increase the risk of transmission of different blood-borne pathogens which can lead to serious consequences including death.ObjectivesThe study was carried out to determine the prevalence and factors associated with sharp instrument injuries among the health care students in the Mahatma Gandhi Mission's Campus, Navi Mumbai and to make recommendations to the institutional authorities about measures to be undertaken to prevent such injuries among the students.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 700 health care students which included dental, medical and nursing students during their clinical training at Mahatma Gandhi Mission's Campus, Navi Mumbai from May 2012 to July 2012. It was a self-administered questionnaire with a 1-year recall period for sharp instrument injury. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 627 students of which 76.4% of nursing, 75.4% of dental and 48.7% of the medical students had experienced sharp instrument injuries in the past 1 year with hollow-bore needle being the most common instrument causing such injuries. Overall, 77.4% of the students had not reported the incident of the injury and only 34.4% of the students had taken postexposure prophylaxis.ConclusionEducational interventions with effective training on proper handling and disposal of sharp instruments and postexposure prophylaxis along with the formation of a reporting center are some of the recommendations which can reduce the occupational exposure to sharp instrument injuries among the health care students.How to cite this articleHussain JSA, Ram SM, Galinde J, Jingade RRK. Occupational Exposure to Sharp Instrument Injuries among Dental, Medical and Nursing Students in Mahatma Gandhi Mission's Campus, Navi Mumbai, India. J Contemp Dent 2012;2(2):1-10.
A Comparative Shade Evaluation of Two Different All-Ceramic Materials over Three Core Build-up Materials: An in vitro Study
Authors: Batra Pranshu 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate and compare the shade of zirconia and alumina crowns over composite, all-ceramic and metal core material.Objectives(1) To evaluate the influence of composite core build-up material on the shade of zirconia and alumina crowns. (2) To evaluate the influence of all-ceramic core material on the shade of zirconia and alumina crowns. (3) To evaluate the influence of metal core material on the shade of zirconia and alumina crowns. (4) To compare the influence of composite, all-ceramic and metal core material on the shade of zirconia and alumina crowns.Materials and MethodsThe all-ceramic materials used for fabrication of crowns were zirconia (LAVA) and alumina (PROCERA). They were evaluated spectrophotometrically for the change in shade when placed over three core build-up materials.ResultsThe observations obtained were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance. Zirconia crowns when compared with alumina crowns showed the least shade change when placed on the three core materials. Among the three core materials used, composite core build-up material showed the least change in the shade.ConclusionZirconia crowns showed least shade change when placed on the three core materials.How to cite this articleBatra P, Ram SM. A Comparative Shade Evaluation of Two Different All-Ceramic Materials over Three Core Build-up Materials: Anin vitroStudy. J Contemp Dent 2012;2(2):15-21.
Facial Dog Bite Injury
Authors: Natarajan Srivalli , Galinde Jyotsna S , Asnani Usha , Sidana Sunil , Ramaswami Radhika 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe exposed position compounded by the short stature of children makes the face very vulnerable to dog bite injuries. Unlike wounds inflicted by assaults and accidents, animal bite wounds are distinctive as they are puncture type deep wounds which are injected by the bite force, with an inoculum of pathogenic bacteria from the saliva of the attacking dog. Hence, these wounds are at high-risk of infection which is further aggravated by the presence of crushed devitalized tissue, an outcome of the bite force. The key points in successful management of facial dog bites, are thorough cleansing of the wound, meticulous but not overzealous debridement, primary closure, appropriate antibiotic therapy and tetanus and rabies immunization where indicated. A case of a 8-year-old child who had succumbed to multiple facial bite injuries is presented. She was managed by a primary one stage closure with good esthetic and functional outcome.How to cite this articleNatarajan S, Galinde JS, Asnani U, Sidana S, Ramaswami R. Facial Dog Bite Injury. J Contemp Dent 2012;2(2):34-38
Restoration of Anterior Esthetics and Function through Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Joshi Mridula Nilesh , Abhyankar Vrushali Pavan , Joshi Nilesh Vaman 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTSmile is an integral part of dentistry. Patients come with the prime aim of achieving esthetics. The dentist may preserve or alter the relationships of the visible components of the oral region to give the desired esthetic result. But, it is our responsibility to attain this result through a scientifically based and thoroughly planned treatment.The appearance of gingival tissue surrounding the teeth plays an important role in the esthetics of anterior region. Abnormities in symmetry and contour can significantly affect the harmonious appearance of natural or prosthetic dentition.There are a variety of cases of teeth wear, wherein interdisciplinary intervention is essential. Also the factor causing severe wear of natural teeth must be identified and eliminated, or reduced before attempting restorative treatment to improve long-term prognosis of restorative treatment.This article deals with a case of anterior teeth wear, stressing upon diagnosis, treatment planning and progression of treatment with regards to perio-prostho esthetics.How to cite this articleJoshi MN, Abhyankar VP, Joshi NV. Restoration of Anterior Esthetics and Function through Interdisciplinary Approach. J Contemp Dent 2012;2(2):43-46.
Interappointment Flare-up in Endodontics: A Case Report and an Overview
Authors: Shenoy Vanitha 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTA problem that an endodontist can encounter during the course of root canal treatment is pain and swelling or both in the form of flare-ups. The causes for this flare-up are numerous which include mechanical, chemical, microbial injury to the pulp or periradicular tissues, whereby an acute periradicular inflammation results. This situation can be prevented by selection of instrumentation technique, that extrude lesser amount of debris apically, completion of biomechanical preparation in a single sitting, use of antimicrobial intracanal medicament between appointment in the treatment of infected cases with an appropriate coronal temporary restoration and maintaining asepsis throughout the root canal treatment. The flare-up phenomena are complex and not well-understood which involves a number of hypotheses for its etiology. A correct diagnosis and treatment aids in the resolution of the flare-up. This case report explains the management of an interappointment flare-up, with an overview of flare-ups.How to cite this articleShenoy V, Kumar R, Sumanthini MV. Interappointment Flare-up in Endodontics: A Case Report and an Overview. J Contemp Dent 2012;2(2):53-56.
Nonsurgical Treatment of a Patient with Class III Malocclusion and Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisors: A Combined Orthodontic-Prosthodontic Approach
Authors: Mhatre Amol , Doshi Sachin S , Jayarama M , Gaikwad Shashank , LNU Ravindranath 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTClass III treatment is a considerable clinical challenge and commonly includes (a) growth modification involving a chincup to restrain mandibular growth or a facemask to protract the maxilla, (b) dentoalveolar compensation or camouflage involving dental extractions and (c) orthognathic surgery. Surgical treatment is the preferred and most stable treatment for adult patients with severe skeletal class III malocclusion. Patients with borderline dentoalveolar compensation who are not willing to accept the costs, risks and potential complications of surgery can sometimes be treated successfully with camouflage orthodontics. In more extreme cases, however, conservative orthodontic treatment may lead to adverse side effects, such as periodontal disease and root resorption as well as poor long-term stability. It is not clear which mechanics are most appropriate or which patients are most likely to benefit from an orthodontic approach to severe skeletal class III malocclusion. In this list of alternatives, orthodontic treatment is often seen as either a less-desirable alternative to surgery or a treatment reserved for milder skeletal problems. This report questions this hierarchy of treatment options.How to cite this articleDoshi SS, Jayarama M, Gaikwad S Mhatre A, Ravindranath. Nonsurgical Treatment of a Patient with Class III Malocclusion and Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisors: A Combined Orthodontic-Prosthodontic Approach. J Contemp Dent 2012;2(2):57-63.