bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of oro‐facial function in young subjects with temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Kobayashi F. Y. , Gavião M. B. D. , Montes A. B. M. , Marquezin M. C. S. , Castelo P. M. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate bite force (BF) and oro‐facial functions at different dentition phases (initial‐mixed, intermediate‐mixed, final‐mixed and permanent dentition) in children and adolescents diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The sample was selected from four public schools in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Of the 289 participants recruited, aged 8–14 years old, 46 were placed into the TMD group. TMD was diagnosed using Axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (2011). Oro‐facial functions were evaluated using the Nordic Orofacial Test‐Screening (NOT‐S), which involves both an interview and a clinical examination. BF was measured using a digital gnathodynamometer. Age and body mass index (BMI) were also considered. The data were analysed by the following tests: Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Student's t‐test, Spearman and Pearson coefficients, Qui‐square test, Fisher's exact or binomial test, as indicated. Moreover, univariate and multivariable logistic regression were applied. For the TMD group, scores associated with NOT‐S interview and NOT‐S total were higher than for the control group (P = 0·033 and P = 0·0062, respectively). No differences in BF between genders or groups (P > 0·05) were detected. Variables included in the multivariate logistic regression were BMI and NOT‐S total. Based on this analysis, NOT‐S total was associated with TMDs. Reported sensory function was the specific domain within NOT‐S interview that established the significant difference between the groups (P = 0·021). The TMD group also had a greater number of alterations in the face‐at‐rest domain of the NOT‐S exam (P = 0·007). Concluding, it did not detect an association between TMDs and either dentition phase or BF. Instead, BF correlated with age and BMI. Oro‐facial dysfunction was associated with TMD in the studied sample, but this association may be bidirectional, requiring further researches.
Effect of Duloxetine on Urethral Resting Pressure and on Sphincter Contractility in Response to Coughing and Magnetic Stimulation in Healthy Women
Authors: YONO Makoto , OTANI Masayuki , ITO Kazuya , INOUE Yumi , FURUKAWA Kohichiro , HORI Masaharu , TSUJI Shigeki , TANAKA Takanori , SAKATA Yukikuni , IRIE Shin 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesAs a proof‐of‐mechanism (POM) study of drugs developed to treat stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has not been conducted, this urodynamic study in healthy women was performed to determine an appropriate method to confirm POM, and to evaluate the effect of duloxetine, a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, on urethral resting pressure and on sphincter contractility in response to coughing and magnetic stimulation.MethodsThe urethral pressure profiles at rest, during coughing and during sacral root magnetic stimulation (SMS), and the motor threshold (MT) for urethral sphincter contraction in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were measured before and 6 h after the administration of 40 mg duloxetine in 10 healthy female subjects.ResultsOral administration of duloxetine significantly increased the mean and maximal urethral closure pressures at rest over the proximal and middle third of the urethra. During coughing, duloxetine marginally significantly increased the mean distal urethral pressure and significantly reduced the mean delay in the distal urethral pressure peak relative to the vesical peak. Although duloxetine did not change amplitudes of pressure spikes in response to SMS, this drug significantly lowered the MT in response to TMS.ConclusionThe proposed method for measuring the urethral resistance in healthy women can be used in POM studies of new drugs developed to treat SUI.Clinical trial registration number: UMIN000009096
Spatial discordance in fish, coral, and sponge assemblages across a Caribbean atoll reef gradient
Authors: Acosta Charles , Barnes Robin , McClatchey Rebecca 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCertain biodiversity patterns on coral reefs are generally consistent but we still lack fundamental insight into how assemblages vary across spatially heterogeneous reef systems. We compared fish, coral, and sponge assemblages across a symmetrical physiographical gradient (windward forereef, lagoon patch reef, leeward forereef) of the Glover's Reef atoll, Belize. Species richness of fishes and corals was highest in the deep habitat (15 m) on the windward forereef. Sponges were diverse and abundant on both deep windward and leeward forereefs but not on the exposed shallow (5 m) windward forereef. Fish and benthic assemblages were relatively distinct in each reef zone, with the lagoon patch reef communities consisting of a combination of leeward and windward species. Nevertheless, there were no clear patterns in community similarity matrices of fish and benthic assemblages, suggesting that overall coral and sponge assemblages had weak or no direct association with patterns in fish assemblages. A closer examination of fish trophic groups indicated that planktivores and predators were predictably associated with depth, whereas herbivores were associated with shallow protected reefs. None was specifically associated with spatial location along the atoll gradient. These patterns of diversity distribution are important for identifying spatial conservation priorities. A Marine Protected Area (MPA) at Glover's Reef encompasses substantial windward forereef and patch reef habitats. A much lesser extent of protection is afforded the leeward forereef that supports faunal assemblages that are unique and productive, if not as diverse as the windward forereef. Isolated coral atolls can serve as ideal systems to study spatial heterogeneity and biodiversity patterns, but more experimental studies are needed to reveal the mechanistic processes underlying these patterns.
Dairy consumption and pre‐school, school‐age and adolescent obesity in developed countries: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dror D. K. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryChildhood obesity, the primary health problem affecting children in developed countries, has been attributed in part to changes in dietary patterns. Secular trends suggest a decrease in childhood dairy consumption coinciding with the rise in obesity prevalence. The objective of the present systematic review and meta‐analysis was to consider evidence of associations between dairy intake and adiposity in pre‐schoolers, school‐age children and adolescents in developed countries. Of 36 studies included in the systematic review, sufficient data for effect size estimation and inclusion in the meta‐analysis were obtained from 22 studies. No significant association was found between dairy intake and adiposity in the aggregated data, although statistical heterogeneity was high (I2 = 0.72). Among adolescents, however, dairy intake was inversely associated with adiposity (effect size −0.26, [−0.38, −0.14], P < 0.0001). Effect size was not predicted by exposure variable (milk vs. dairy), study design, statistical methods, outcome variables or sex. Interpretation of results was complicated by variability in study methods and insufficient adjustment for relevant confounders, particularly dietary reporting accuracy, sweetened beverage intake and pubertal development. Despite limitations, available data suggest a neutral effect of dairy intake on adiposity during early and middle childhood and a modestly protective effect in adolescence.
Quid pro Quo: Political Trust and Policy Implementation inGreece during the Age of Austerity
Authors: Exadaktylos Theofanis , Zahariadis Nikolaos 
Published: March 2014

Why do national governments fail to implement deep reforms in light of strong international andEuropean pressures? Building on the top‐down implementation framework byMazmanian andSabatier, we argue that political trust underpins the government's implementation track record. We investigate this argument by looking at the failure of theGreek government to implement bailout reforms between 2010 and 2012 in two areas: tax and duty collection and liberalization of taxi licenses. Lower levels of trust decrease administrative capacity and widen problem intractability, creating a vicious cycle of noncooperation and economic recession. Our findings have policy implications for administrative reforms and offer amendments to theories of implementation and institutional rational choice.Related ArticlesButerbaugh,Kevin.1999. “.”Politics & Policy27():129‐150.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.1999.tb00526.x/abstractMcGrath,Robert J.2009. “.”Politics & Policy37():309‐336.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00174.x/abstractCaillier,James.2010. “.”Politics & Policy38():1015‐1035.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00267.x/abstractRelated Media.2013. “.”http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/assistance_eu_ms/greek_loan_facility/
Survival at the Threshold of Viability: a Nationwide Survey of the Opinions and Attitudes of Physicians in a Developing Country
Authors: Charafeddine Lama , Ammous Farah , Kayle Mariam , Arawi Thalia 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundTo explore physicians' opinions and attitudes regarding resuscitation of extremely premature infants (EPIs) in a developing country with suboptimal resources.MethodsA survey was developed, revised, and pilot‐tested. All 964 paediatricians registered in the Lebanese Order of Physicians were contacted; physicians involved in resuscitation of EPIs were eligible. Between February and April of 2009, anonymous surveys were mailed to consenting participants.ResultsThree hundred twenty‐eight eligible physicians agreed to participate. One hundred twenty (36%) returned the survey, 45.3% of which were neonatologists. The vast majority agreed that parents would like to be informed and to participate in the resuscitation decision of an EPI. The majority of physicians considered infants at gestational age of ≤25 weeks (78%) or ≤800 g (89%) as non‐viable. Physician's age, years of practice, and practising neonatal intensive care unit level were significantly associated with the choice of birthweight at which infants were considered non‐viable.ConclusionsThe majority of surveyed physicians consider infants at gestational age less than or equal to 25 weeks gestation or 800 g at birth as non‐viable, and therefore would not attempt their resuscitation. Factors influencing threshold of viability in developing countries need to be addressed and explored further.
Quantile Regression Adjusting for Dependent Censoring from Semicompeting Risks
Authors: Li Ruosha , Peng Limin 
Published: March 2014

SummaryWe study quantile regression when the response is an event time subject to potentially dependent censoring. We consider the semicompeting risks setting, where the time to censoring remains observable after the occurrence of the event of interest. Although such a scenario frequently arises in biomedical studies, most of current quantile regression methods for censored data are not applicable because they generally require the censoring time and the event time to be independent. By imposing quite mild assumptions on the association structure between the time-to-event response and the censoring time variable, we propose quantile regression procedures, which allow us to garner a comprehensive view of the covariate effects on the event time outcome as well as to examine the informativeness of censoring. An efficient and stable algorithm is provided for implementing the new method. We establish the asymptotic properties of the resulting estimators including uniform consistency and weak convergence. The theoretical development may serve as a useful template for addressing estimating settings that involve stochastic integrals. Extensive simulation studies suggest that the method proposed performs well with moderate sample sizes. We illustrate the practical utility of our proposals through an application to a bone marrow transplant trial.
The paradoxical effects of workforce shortages on rural interprofessional practice
Authors: McNeil Karen , Mitchell Rebecca , Parker Vicki 
Published: March 2014

Rationale and AimWhile interprofessional practice has been promoted as a solution to the challenges besetting rural health services, current evidence does not offer a clear explanation as to why it is effective in some domains and yet is not successful in others. At the same time, rural clinicians are frequently faced with major workforce pressures and this has a significant influence on professional practice. The aim of this study was to explore how these pressures impact on rural interprofessional practice.MethodThis study is part of a larger project investigating factors that enhance and detract from effective interprofessional working. We utilised a modified realistic evaluation approach to analyse the context, mechanisms and outcomes of rural interprofessional practice. Approval for this study was granted by an accredited research ethics committee. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 22 rural clinicians who were purposively recruited from a range of settings, roles, locations and professions.Findings and DiscussionWe found that clinicians often invested in interprofessional practice because of the need to manage intense workloads and this necessitated sharing of responsibilities across disciplines and blurring of role boundaries. Paradoxically, participants noted that workload pressures hampered interprofessional working if there were long‐term skill shortages. Sharing workload and responsibility is an important motivator for rural practitioners to engage in interprofessional practice; however, this driver is only effective under circumstances where there are sufficient resources to facilitate collaboration. In the context of intransient resource challenges, rural health service managers would be best to focus on enabling IPP through facilitating role understanding and respect between clinicians. This is most feasible via informal workplace learning and allowing time for teams to reflect on collaborative processes.
Sequencing of a new HLA‐A allele: HLA‐A*11:01:54
Authors: Ko S.‐Y. , Oh H.‐B. , Jun J.‐H. , Kwon O.‐J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe new allele A*11:01:54 shows one nucleotide difference from A*11:01:01 at codon 35 (CGG/AGG).
Draft Genome Sequence of Israeli Outbreak-Associated Vibrio vulnificus Biotype 3 Clinical Isolate BAA87
Authors: Phillips Kelsey E. , Schipma Matthew J. , Satchell Karla J. F. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Vibrio vulnificus
is a seafood-associated pathogen that causes severe wound and intestinal infections. Biotype 3 of
V. vulnificus
emerged in 1996 as the cause of an Israeli outbreak associated with the handling of infected tilapia. Here, we describe the whole-genome sequence of the ATCC biotype 3 clinical isolate BAA87 (CDC9530-96).
Draft Genome Sequence of Xylella fastidiosa Pear Leaf Scorch Strain in Taiwan
Authors: Su C.-C. , Deng W.-L. , Jan F.-J. , Chang C.-J. , Huang H. , Chen J. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

The draft genome sequence of
Xylella fastidiosa
pear leaf scorch strain PLS229, isolated from the pear cultivar Hengshan (
Pyrus pyrifolia
) in Taiwan, is reported here. The bacterium has a genome size of 2,733,013 bp, with a G+C content of 53.1%. The PLS229 genome was annotated and has 3,259 open reading frames and 50 RNA genes.
Genome Sequences of Four Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Strains with Diverse Drug Resistance Profiles Isolated from Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Murali Thokur Sreepathy , Paul Bobby , Parikh Hersh , Singh Rana Pratap , Kavitha Shettigar , Bhat Manoj K. , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
is a major pathogen associated with diabetic foot ulcer infections. To gain insight into their pathogenicity and virulence potential, we report draft genome sequences of four strains of
Staphylococcus aureus
, isolated from diabetic foot ulcers, showing profiles with various degrees of resistance to common antibiotics.
Genome Sequence of Rhodococcus erythropolis Strain CCM2595, a Phenol Derivative-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Strnad Hynek , Patek Miroslav , Fousek Jan , Szokol Juraj , Ulbrich Pavel , Nesvera Jan , Paces Vaclav , Vlcek Cestmir 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

We announce the completion of the genome sequence of a phenol derivative-degrading bacterium,
Rhodococcus erythropolis
strain CCM2595. This bacterium is interesting in the context of bioremediation for its capability to degrade phenol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroxybenzoate, hydroquinone,
p
-chlorophenol,
p
-nitrophenol, pyrimidines, and sterols.
Acute ischaemic stroke outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy in the elderly versus their younger counterpart: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Villwock Mark R , Singla Amit , Padalino David J , Deshaies Eric M 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesMany physicians debate the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy for ischaemic stroke, but most agree that to establish potential benefit, patient selection must be examined further. People >80 years are a growing population of patients with ischaemic stroke but are largely excluded from clinical trials. The benefit of thrombectomy for them may be greatly reduced due to diminishing neuroplasticity and a larger number of medical comorbidities. To address this knowledge gap, we examined clinical and economic outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy in the ischaemic stroke population from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Our null hypotheses were that elderly patients (>80 years) would have a similar rate of inpatient mortality in comparison to their younger counterparts and incur a similar economic expense.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingA 20% stratified sample of US community hospitals within the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.ParticipantsAll patients from 2008 to 2010 with a primary diagnosis of ischaemic stroke that received mechanical thrombectomy were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes included hospital charges and length of stay.ResultsLess than 1% of all ischaemic stroke cases (9300) were treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Of these, 18% involved patients over 80 years of age. The odds of inpatient mortality in elderly patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy were approximately twice that of their younger counterparts (OR1.993, p < 0.001). The elderly experienced no significant difference in hospital charges (p=0.105) and length of stay (p=0.498).ConclusionsThe odds of inpatient mortality after mechanical thrombectomy in patients over 80 years of age were twice that of their younger counterparts. This is consistent with the overall worse prognosis seen in the natural history of this age group. Studies to better identify patients that would benefit from endovascular mechanical thrombectomy may improve outcomes and reduce the gap currently observed in age stratifications.
Fatty liver predicts the risk for cardiovascular events in middle-aged population: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Pisto Pauliina , Santaniemi Merja , Bloigu Risto , Ukkola Olavi , Kesäniemi Y Antero 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveWe investigated if the differences in liver fat content would predict the development of non-fatal and fatal atherosclerotic endpoints (coronary heart disease and stroke).Design, setting and participantsOur study group is a population-based, randomly recruited cohort (Oulu Project Elucidating Risk of Atherosclerosis, OPERA), initiated in 1991. The cohort consisted of 988 middle-aged Finnish participants.InterventionTotal mortality and hospital events were followed up to 2009 based on the registry of the National Institute for Health and Welfare and the National death registry.Main outcome measureThe severity of hepatic steatosis was measured by ultrasound and divided into three groups (0–2). Cox regression analysis was used in the statistical analysis.ResultsIn the follow-up of years 1991–2009, 13.5% of the participants with non-fatty liver, 24.2% of participants having moderate liver fat content and 29.2% of the participants having severe fatty liver experienced a cardiovascular event during the follow-up time (p<0.001). Severe liver fat content predicted the risk for future risk of cardiovascular event even when adjusted for age, gender and study group (HR 1.92, CI 1.32 to 2.80, p<0.01). When further adjustments for smoking, alcohol consumption, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, body mass index and systolic blood pressure were conducted, the risk still remained statistically significant (HR 1.74, CI 1.16 to 2.63, p<0.01). Statistical significance disappeared with further adjustment for QUICKI.ConclusionsLiver fat content increases the risk of future cardiovascular disease event in long-term follow-up but it is seems to be dependent on insulin sensitivity.
THE THEORY OF PULSAR WIND NEBULAE
Authors: AMATO ELENA 
Published: March 2014

I will review the current status of our theoretical understanding of Pulsar Winds and associated nebulae (PWNe). In recent years, axisymmetric models of pulsar winds with a latitude dependent energy flux have proved very successful at explaining the morphology of PWNe as seen in the X-rays. This success has prompted developments aimed at using multi-wavelength observations of these nebulae as a diagnostics of the hidden physics of the pulsar wind and of the mechanism(s) through which particles are accelerated in these sources. I will discuss these most recent developments in terms of the information that we infer from detailed comparison of simulated non-thermal emission with current observations.
HD Chromoendoscopy Coupled with DNA Mass Spectrometry Profiling Identifies Somatic Mutations in Microdissected Human Proximal Aberrant Crypt Foci
Authors: Drew David A. , Devers Thomas J. , O'Brien Michael J. , Horelik Nicole A. , Levine Joel , Rosenberg Daniel W. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Despite increased implementation of screening colonoscopy, interval cancers in the proximal colon remain a major public health concern. This fact underscores the limitations of current screening paradigms and the need for developing advanced endoscopic techniques. The density of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), the earliest identifiable mucosal abnormality, may serve as a surrogate marker for colon cancer risk, but has rarely been studied in the proximal colon. To this end, high-definition (HD) chromoendoscopy was conducted to define the relevance of ACF in the proximal colon. In addition, due to limited ACF size, the development of a combinatorial approach was required to maximize data acquisition obtained from individual biopsy samples. Proximal and distal ACF samples were characterized for a total of 105 mutations across 22 known tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes using high-throughput Sequenom MassARRAY analysis. From this profiling, a discrete number of somatic mutations were identified, including APCR876* and FLT3I836M, as well as a deletion within the EGFR gene. Combined, these data highlight the significance of ACF within the context of colon cancer pathogenesis, particularly in the proximal colon.
Implications: The identification of cancer-related mutations in commonly overlooked mucosal lesions underscores the preventive benefit of implementing advanced endoscopic screening to larger patient populations, particularly in the proximal colon.
Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2014/05/22/1541-7786.MCR-13-0624/F1.large.jpg. Mol Cancer Res; 12(6); 823–9. ©2014 AACR.