bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential query prediction based on multi-armed bandits with ensemble of transformer experts and immediate feedback
Authors: Puthiya Parambath Shameem A. , Anagnostopoulos Christos , Murray-Smith Roderick 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe study the problem of predicting the next query to be recommended in interactive data exploratory analysis to guide users to correct content. Current query prediction approaches are based on sequence-to-sequence learning, exploiting past interaction data. However, due to the resource-hungry training process, such approaches fail to adapt to immediate user feedback. Immediate feedback is essential and considered as a signal of the user’s intent. We contribute with a novel query prediction ensemble mechanism, which adapts to immediate feedback relying on multi-armed bandits framework. Our mechanism, an extension to the popular Exp3 algorithm, augments Transformer-based language models for query predictions by combining predictions from experts, thus dynamically building a candidate set during exploration. Immediate feedback is leveraged to choose the appropriate prediction in a probabilistic fashion. We provide comprehensive large-scale experimental and comparative assessment using a popular online literature discovery service, which showcases that our mechanism (i) improves the per-round regret substantially against state-of-the-art Transformer-based models and (ii) shows the superiority of causal language modelling over masked language modelling for query recommendations.
Plants as an alternative to the use of chemicals for crop protection against biotic threats: trends and future perspectives
Authors: Aremu Adeyemi Oladapo , Omogbene Temitope Olorunyomi , Fadiji Tobi , Lawal Ibraheem Oduola , Opara Umezuruike Linus , Fawole Olaniyi Amos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis review entails a critical appraisal on the potential of plants as alternatives to synthetic chemicals for crop protection, aligning with the global shift towards green-based approaches in agriculture. Utilising a defined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 235 papers were extracted from Scopus. These articles were analyzed to address specific research questions related to plant-based biocontrol methods. Approximately 25% of the literature was published in journals such as "Industrial Crops and Products", "Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry", "Pest Management Science", and "Frontiers in Microbiology". Thematic analysis identified core focus areas, including the chemical properties of antifungal agents, bioactive compounds, environmental protection, and the use of fungicides. Italy and China emerged as countries with the most represented authors, while China, India, and USA led in scientific production, corresponding authors' publications, and citation impact. We identified 91 plant species from 28 families, notably from the Lamiaceae, with strong potential as biocontrol agents. The most promising plants were Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco, Mentha piperita L., Foeniculum vulgare L., Coriandrum sativum L., and Allium ascalonicium L. This study offers valuable insights and practical applications in the field of plant-based biocontrol, thereby underscoring the relevance and efficacy of green-based approaches in contemporary agricultural practices. There is an increasing scientific interest in sustainable crop protection strategies and the potential of plant-based biocontrol agents in addressing biotic stresses in crops. Overall, this review contributes to the understanding of plant-based biocontrol for crop protection, providing a foundation for further research and application in sustainable agriculture.
Evaluation of Fe-doped calcium phosphate for 65Zn sorption
Authors: Moussa Saber Ibrahim , Dakroury Gehan Abdel Rahman Sadek , El Shazly Ehab Abu El Soud Abdel Halim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract65Zn, a fission product found in cooling water reactors, poses significant environmental risks due to its toxicity. This study explores the use of Ca–Fe2+ phosphate (SB1) and Ca–Fe3+ phosphate (SB2) as sorbents for Zn(II), prepared via the wet chemical method. The Zn(II) solution, spiked with 65Zn radionuclides, was analyzed radiometrically. Optimal sorption conditions were determined to be pH 4.5, a contact time of 24 h, and a sorbate volume to sorbent mass ratio of 1:10 at 20 °C. The Langmuir isotherm model best fit the adsorption data, indicating monolayer adsorption capacities of 0.574 mmol g−1 for SB1 and 0.621 mmol g−1 for SB2. Sorption kinetics followed a quasi-nth-order model. Furthermore, 0.1 M FeCl3 effectively desorbed 99% of Zn(II) from both sorbents. The sorption process was found to be spontaneous and endothermic. These findings suggest that SB1 and SB2 have potential applications in recycling Zn(II) from the black mass of expired batteries.
Designing a personalized thermo-mechanically optimized liner for transfemoral prosthetics
Authors: Rodríguez-Morales Ángel Luis , Ventura-Aquino Elisa , Elvira-Hernández Ernesto Alberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElastomeric interphases (liners) protect the residual limb and distribute mass bearing to the prosthetic socket. However, discomfort due to excessive sweat and heat in the residual limb is the most relevant factor that negatively affects the quality of life in transfemoral prosthetics users. Additionally, a warm and humid environment and the non-uniform mass distribution can compromise blood flow in the residual limb; these factors favor the development of skin lesions, the dropout rate of prosthetic use, and subsequent amputations. Previous mathematical models that predict skin temperature distribution based on Pennes' model and explain the Fourier and non-Fourier thermic response are available. However, these models require knowledge of difficult parameters to obtain in conditions that lead to amputation. Therefore, the current study aims to propose an experimentally based method to design a personalized liner with areas of different diffusivity rates by using perforations according to thermal needs, preserving the mechanical properties of the liner. After thermal and mechanical characterization, we elaborated a personalized plane liner according to the thermal expression of the anterior thigh using infrared analysis. We tested the liner to probe its ability to dissipate heat.
Bioactivity-driven fungal metabologenomics identifies antiproliferative stemphone analogs and their biosynthetic gene cluster
Authors: Ayon Navid J. , Earp Cody E. , Gupta Raveena , Butun Fatma A. , Clements Ashley E. , Lee Alexa G. , Dainko David , Robey Matthew T. , Khin Manead , Mardiana Lina , Longcake Alexandra , Rangel-Grimaldo Manuel , Hall Michael J. , Probert Michael R. , Burdette Joanna E. , Keller Nancy P. , Raja Huzefa A. , Oberlies Nicholas H. , Kelleher Neil L. , Caesar Lindsay K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Fungi biosynthesize chemically diverse secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities. Natural product scientists have increasingly turned towards bioinformatics approaches, combining metabolomics and genomics to target secondary metabolites and their biosynthetic machinery. We recently applied an integrated metabologenomics workflow to 110 fungi and identified more than 230 high-confidence linkages between metabolites and their biosynthetic pathways.

Objectives
To prioritize the discovery of bioactive natural products and their biosynthetic pathways from these hundreds of high-confidence linkages, we developed a bioactivity-driven metabologenomics workflow combining quantitative chemical information, antiproliferative bioactivity data, and genome sequences.

Methods
The 110 fungi from our metabologenomics study were tested against multiple cancer cell lines to identify which strains produced antiproliferative natural products. Three strains were selected for further study, fractionated using flash chromatography, and subjected to an additional round of bioactivity testing and mass spectral analysis. Data were overlaid using biochemometrics analysis to predict active constituents early in the fractionation process following which their biosynthetic pathways were identified using metabologenomics.

Results
We isolated three new-to-nature stemphone analogs, 19-acetylstemphones G (1), B (2) and E (3), that demonstrated antiproliferative activity ranging from 3 to 5 µM against human melanoma (MDA-MB-435) and ovarian cancer (OVACR3) cells. We proposed a rational biosynthetic pathway for these compounds, highlighting the potential of using bioactivity as a filter for the analysis of integrated—Omics datasets.

Conclusions
This work demonstrates how the incorporation of biochemometrics as a third dimension into the metabologenomics workflow can identify bioactive metabolites and link them to their biosynthetic machinery.
Clinical Performance Comparison of a Long Versus a Short Axial Field-of-View PET/CT Using EARL-Compliant Reconstructions
Authors: Roya Mostafa , van Snick Johannes H. , Slart Riemer H. J. A. , Noordzij Walter , Stormezand Gilles N. , Willemsen Antoon T. M. , Boellaard Ronald , Glaudemans Andor W. J. M. , Tsoumpas Charalampos , van Sluis Joyce 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To ensure comparable PET/CT image quality between or within centres, clinical inter-system performance comparisons following European Association of Nuclear Medicine Research Ltd. (EARL) guidelines is required. In this work the performance of the long axial field-of-view Biograph Vision Quadra is compared to its predecessor, the short axial field-of-view Biograph Vision.

Procedures
To this aim, patients with suspected tumour lesions received a single weight-based (3 MBq/kg) 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose injection and underwent routine clinical ($$\sim$$
∼
15 min) scans on the Vision and 3-min scans on the Quadra in listmode in balanced order. Image quality (IQ), image noise (IN), and tumour demarcation (TD) were assessed visually by four nuclear medicine physicians using a 5-point Likert scale and semiquantitative analysis was performed using standardised uptake values (SUVs). Inter-reader agreement was tested using Wilcoxon’s signed rank test and the SUVs were statistically compared using a paired t-test.

Results
Twenty patients (mean age, 60 years ± 8.8 [standard deviation], 16 male) were enrolled. Inter-reader agreement ranged from good to very good for IQ and IN (0.62 ≤ W ≤ 0.81), and fair for TD (0.29 ≤ W ≤ 0.39). Furthermore, a significant difference was found for TD (p = 0.015) between the systems, showing improved TD for the Quadra.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that the Quadra can be used in routine clinical practice with multiple PET/CT systems or in multicentre studies. This system provides comparable diagnostic image quality and semiquantitative accuracy, improved TD, and has the advantage of shorter scan durations.
Impact of Rare Earth Elements in sediments on the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of the benthic plant Myriophyllum aquaticum
Authors: Gjata Isidora , van Drimmelen Chantal K. E. , Tommasi Franca , Paciolla Costantino , Heise Susanne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are becoming more present in our everyday life. With this work, we aimed to study and compare the toxic responses of the REEs lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), and gadolinium (Gd) to the macrophyte Myriophyllum aquaticum. The scope was to evaluate if these elements trigger a response on the photosynthetic system (PSII), which causes inhibition of the growth rate of the plant.

Methods
We measured the fluorescence yield by pulse-amplitude-modulated chlorophyll fluorometer (PAM) which enabled simultaneous high-resolution fluorescence measurements of the whorls daily for the whole duration of the test (10 days) and fresh weight change (FWC) at the end of the test.

Results
Our findings suggest that La significantly decreased FWC at the highest concentration (500 mg kg−1) but did not cause any significant effects on the fluorescence yield. Ce and Nd significantly decreased the chlorophyll fluorescence between days 2 and 4, and after that the yield was not significantly different with respect to the control. Of all the REEs tested in this study, Gd showed the most negative effect as the whorls exhibited chlorosis/necrosis and the fresh weight at the end of the test decreased significantly compared to the same plant at day 0. The yield of M. aquaticum showed time-dependent effects for Gd at the highest concentration.

Conclusion
Gd was the most toxic REE, strongly affecting both the yield and FWC. The measurement of the fluorescence yield of the PSII is a useful effect observation and of high environmental importance. The difference in sensitivity between the functional and growth endpoints may give hints about the mode of action of contaminants to aquatic plants.
Adaptive neighborhood triplet loss: enhanced segmentation of dermoscopy datasets by mining pixel information
Authors: Xu Mohan , Wiese Lena 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose

The integration of deep learning in image segmentation technology markedly improves the automation capabilities of medical diagnostic systems, reducing the dependence on the clinical expertise of medical professionals. However, the accuracy of image segmentation is still impacted by various interference factors encountered during image acquisition.

Methods

To address this challenge, this paper proposes a loss function designed to mine specific pixel information which dynamically changes during training process. Based on the triplet concept, this dynamic change is leveraged to drive the predicted boundaries of images closer to the real boundaries.

Results

Extensive experiments on the PH2 and ISIC2017 dermoscopy datasets validate that our proposed loss function overcomes the limitations of traditional triplet loss methods in image segmentation applications. This loss function not only enhances Jaccard indices of neural networks by 2.42$$\%$$
%
and 2.21$$\%$$
%
for PH2 and ISIC2017, respectively, but also neural networks utilizing this loss function generally surpass those that do not in terms of segmentation performance.

Conclusion

This work proposed a loss function that mined the information of specific pixels deeply without incurring additional training costs, significantly improving the automation of neural networks in image segmentation tasks. This loss function adapts to dermoscopic images of varying qualities and demonstrates higher effectiveness and robustness compared to other boundary loss functions, making it suitable for image segmentation tasks across various neural networks.
Precision in prostate cancer detection: integrating prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) and the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) to provide additional risk stratification for a more accurate diagnostic decision
Authors: Hrubá Terézia , Kubas Viliam , Franko Martin , Baláž Vladimír , Spurný Martin , Mištinová Jana Poláková 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study focuses on integrating prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) and Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) for enhanced risk stratification in biopsy-naïve patients.

Methods
A prospective study was conducted on 339 patients with suspected prostate cancer, utilizing PSAD and PI-RADS in combination. Logistic regression models were employed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis performed to evaluate predictive performance. The patient cohort underwent multiparametric MRI, targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy.

Results
When patients were stratified into four PSAD risk groups, the rate of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) increased significantly with higher PSAD levels. Logistic regression confirmed the independent contribution of PI-RADS and PSAD, highlighting their role in the prediction of csPCa. Combined models showed superior performance, as evidenced by the area under the curve (AUC) for PI-RADS category and PSAD (0.756), which exceeded that of the individual predictors (PSA AUC, 0.627, PI-RADS AUC 0.689, PSAD AUC 0.708).

Conclusion
This study concludes that combining PSAD and PI-RADS improves diagnostic accuracy and predictive value for csPCa in biopsy-naïve men, resulting in a promising strategy to provide additional risk stratification for more accurate diagnostic decision in biopsy-naïve patients, especially in the PI-RADS 3 group.
How to Optimize Goal-Directed Medical Therapy (GDMT) in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Newman Emily , Kamanu Chukwuemezie , Gibson Gregory , Brailovsky Yevgeniy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome with signs and symptoms from underlying cardiac abnormality and evidence of pulmonary or systemic congestion on laboratory testing or other objective findings (Bozkurt et al. in Eur J Heart Fail 23:352–380, 2021). Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), when heart failure is due to underlying reduction in ejection fraction to $$\le$$
≤
40. The goal of this review is to briefly describe the mechanisms and benefits of the various pharmacological interventions described in the 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guidelines focusing on Stage C: Symptomatic Heart Failure HFrEF, while providing basic guidance on safe use of these medications.

Recent Findings
Use of medications from each class as recommended in the 2022 Guidelines can provide significant morbidity and mortality benefits for our patients.

Summary
Despite advances in therapeutics for patients with HFrEF, patients are frequently under treated and more research is needed to help optimize management of these complicated patients.
Prevalence of Frank’s sign in healthy young individuals, morphological characteristics, and its association with family history of chronic disease
Authors: Aksu Feyza , Akkoc Ramazan Fazil 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Frank’s sign (FS, earlobe crease) is known to be associated with many chronic diseases i.e. coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate the presence and grade of FS in healthy, young-adult individuals aging between 18 and 25. Furthermore, to evaluate the relationship between FS and the chronic disease history of first-degree family members. 853 healthy people with a mean age of 20.09 years were imvolved in the research on a voluntary basis. Of 853 individuals, 85.3% (n:728) had no FS, whereas 14.7% (n:125) had. Of the 125 people observed FS, 41.6% (n:52) were female and 58.4% (n:73) were male. Of the 125 people diagnosed with FS, 32.8% (n:41) had no family history of any chronic disease, and 67.2% (n:84) had at least 1 family history of chronic disease as well. It was determined that there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) relationship between FS identified in healthy individuals and familial chronic disease history. In this study, while no FS was observed in 85.3% of the participants, grade 1 was detected in 12.4% (n:105), grade 2a in 1.9% (n:16), grade 2b in 0.2% (n:2), and grade 3 in 0.2% (n:2). To the best of our knowledge, this study investigated the relationship between the presence and grade of FS in the healthy, young, Turkish population and the presence/absence of chronic disease in the first-degree relatives of individuals for the very first time. As a result of larger studies, being aware of the presence of FS, especially in young healthy individuals, may help predict some chronic diseases, and caution may be taken to avoid these diseases at an early age in at-risk individuals.
Pneumoperitoneum after placement of the temporary pacing wires: transverse colon injury at the base of a diverticulum
Authors: Gasparovic Ivo , Artemiou Panagiotis , Durdik Stefan , Drangova Erika , Hulman Michal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe present the successful management of a patient presenting with pneumo-peritoneum early after surgery due to transvere colon injury after placement of the temporary pacing wires. The patient was asymptomatic, underwent computed tomography, the temporary pacing wires were removed and he was managed conservatively.
Progesterone and brassinosteroids synergistically enhance progesterone removal and antioxidant capacity of Solanum nigrum L.
Authors: Pinto Ana , da Silva Daniela Correia , Cardoso Ana , Fernandes Fátima , Soares Cristiano , Valentão Patrícia , Fidalgo Fernanda , Teixeira Jorge 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProgesterone (PROG) has been detected at various concentrations in the environment and has adverse effects on humans and wildlife. This work evaluated the impact of PROG in Solanum nigrum L. plants, its removal capacity, and how 2,4-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) affects this process. Three treatments were used: (1) control, (2) irrigation with 0.8 µM PROG, and (3) treatment with 0.8 µM PROG after a pre-treatment with a foliar application of 1 µM 2,4-EBL (PROG/24EBL). After 20 days of treatment, no PROG was detected in the nutrient solution or plant tissues, indicating that the PROG was removed and metabolized. Lipid peroxidation significantly decreased in response to PROG in shoots and roots, and this effect was even more significant for both organs of the PROG/24EBL plants. Additionally, both treatments in both organs showed a decrease in H2O2 levels, and both steroid hormones increased the plants’ antioxidant system at both the biochemical and gene expression levels. In conclusion, S. nigrum can swiftly remove PROG without affecting its growth, and the use of 24-EBL synergistically decreases oxidative damage by increasing the activity of the antioxidant system and enhancing plant PROG removal ability.
Plasma Levels of Neuron/Glia-Derived Apoptotic Bodies, an In Vivo Biomarker of Apoptosis, Predicts Infarct Growth and Functional Outcome in Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Díaz-Maroto Inmaculada , Castro-Robles Beatriz , Villar Miguel , García-García Jorge , Ayo-Martín Óscar , Serrano-Heras Gemma , Segura Tomás 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEvidence demonstrating the involvement of apoptosis in the death of the potentially salvageable area (penumbra zone) in patients during stroke remains limited. Our aim was to investigate whether apoptotic processes occur in penumbral brain tissue by analyzing circulating neuron- and glia-derived apoptotic bodies (CNS-ApBs), which are vesicles released into the bloodstream during the late stage of apoptosis. We have also assessed the clinical utility of plasma neuronal and glial apoptotic bodies in predicting early neurological evolution and functional outcome. The study included a total of 71 patients with acute hemispheric ischemic stroke (73 ± 10 years; 30 women). Blood samples were collected from these patients immediately upon arrival at the hospital (within 9 h) and at 24 and 72 h after symptom onset. Subsequently, isolation, quantification, and phenotypic characterization of CNS-ApBs during the first 72 h post-stroke were performed using centrifugation and flow cytometry techniques. We found a correlation between infarct growth and final infarct size with the amount of plasma CNS-ApBs detected in the first 72 h after stroke. In addition, patients with neurological worsening (progressive ischemic stroke) had higher plasma levels of CNS-ApBs at 24 h after symptom onset than those with a stable or improving course. Circulating CNS-ApB concentration was further associated with patients’ functional prognosis. In conclusion, apoptosis may play an important role in the growth of the cerebral infarct area and plasma CNS-ApB quantification could be used as a predictive marker of penumbra death, neurological deterioration, and functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke.