bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screen exposure, mental health and emotional well-being in the adolescent population: is it time for governments to take action?
Authors: Alvarez de Mon Miguel Angel , Sánchez-Villegas Almudena , Gutiérrez-Rojas Luis , Martinez-Gonzalez Miguel A 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDuring the last decade, a multitude of epidemiological studies with different designs have been published assessing the association between the use of digital media and psychological well-being, including the incidence of mental disorders and suicidal behaviours. Particularly, available research has very often focused on smartphone use in teenagers, with highly addictive potential, coining the term ‘problematic smartphone use’ and developing specific scales to measure the addictive or problematic use of smartphones. Available studies, despite some methodological limitations and gaps in knowledge, suggest that higher screen time is associated with impaired psychological well-being, lower self-esteem, higher levels of body dissatisfaction, higher incidence of eating disorders, poorer sleeping outcomes and higher odds of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Moreover, a significant association has also been found between screen time and higher suicide risk. Finally, problematic pornography has been shown to be highly prevalent and it is a strong cause of concern to many public health departments and national governments because it might be eventually associated with aggressive sexual behaviours.
Adiposity, fat-free mass and incident heart failure in 500 000 individuals
Authors: Oguntade Ayodipupo S , Taylor Hannah , Lacey Ben , Lewington Sarah 
Published: July 2024

Background and aimsThe independent role of body fat distribution and fat-free mass in heart failure (HF) risk is unclear. We investigated the role of different body composition compartments in risk of HF.MethodsPresent analyses include 428 087 participants (mean age 55.9 years, 44% male) from the UK Biobank. Associations of long-term average levels of body composition measures with incident HF were determined using adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsOver a median follow-up of 13.8 years, there were 10 455 first-ever incident HF events. Overall, HF risk was more strongly associated with central adiposity (waist circumference (WC) adjusted for body mass index (BMI); HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.45) than general adiposity (BMI adjusted for WC; HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.27). Although dual X-ray absorptiometry-derived body fat remained positively related to HF after adjustment for fat-free mass (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.59), the association of fat-free mass with HF was substantially attenuated by fat mass (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.26) while visceral fat (VAT) remained associated with HF independent of subcutaneous fat (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.33). In analyses of HF subtypes, HF with preserved ejection fraction was independently associated with all fat measures (eg, VAT: HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.35; body fat: HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.57) while HF with reduced ejection fraction was not independently associated with fat measures (eg, VAT: HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.68; body fat: HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.07).ConclusionsThis large-scale study shows that excess adiposity and fat mass are associated with higher HF risk while the association of fat-free mass with HF could be explained largely by its correlation with fat mass. The study also describes the independent relevance of body fat distribution to HF subtypes, suggesting different mechanisms may be driving their aetiopathogenesis.
Accretion of microcontinents and arcs in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: insights from provenance analyses of early Paleozoic sedimentary records in Beishan
Authors: Huo Ning , Ao Songjian , Xiao Wenjiao , Guo Qianqian , Mao Qigui , Song Dongfang 
Published: July 2024

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt involves amalgamation of numerous magmatic arcs, accretionary complexes and continental fragments during long-lived subduction and accretion. However, the nature of key microcontinental terranes, as well as their continuity, remains unclear. This study conducted outcrop observation, heavy mineral assemblage, whole-rock geochemistry, detrital zircon U–Pb dating and Lu–Hf isotope analysis on sandstones in the Beishan orogenic belt. The findings from field observations, petrographic analysis and weathering indices show that the tectonic setting of the sandstone is a forearc sedimentary basin. The maximum depositional ages (MDAs) of sandstones are 503.8 ± 6.9

Ma and 431.9 ± 6.0

Ma. The provenance of the sandstone is complex, which probably originates from the Shuangyingshan and Hanshan blocks. By comparing the detrital zircon U–Pb ages with adjacent terranes such as Central Tianshan, Dunhuang and Tarim, it was observed that the Shuangyingshan block shares similar provenance with the Dunhuang terrane, while the Mazongshan–Hanshan shows affinity to the Central Tianshan terrane. This study highlights the complex nature of sediment provenance in the Beishan orogenic belt, influenced by tectonic processes involving thrusting, accretionary complexes and the presence of multiple terranes.
Structural and geomorphological constraints on the activity of the Sparta Fault (Greece)
Authors: Çal Çağatay , Boulton Sarah J. , Mildon Zoë 
Published: July 2024

The ancient city of Sparti (Greece) suffered extensive damage from an estimated M
w
7.2 earthquake in 464
bce
, resulting in
c.
20 000 fatalities, but questions remain about the short- (
c.
10
4
years) and long-term (10
5
–10
6
years) activity of this important structure. This paper presents new structural data and fluvial geomorphological analysis from the Sparta Fault and, in particular, considers the less well-known northern fault segment. A new topographic profile on the well-developed post-glacial fault scarp from the northern strand indicates a 7.53 m offset over the last
c.
15 ka, suggesting a throw-rate of
c.
0.5 mm a
−1
. The longitudinal profiles of rivers flowing across the fault allow the elucidation of longer term fault activity. Along the strike of the fault, rivers exhibit up to two slope-break knickpoints, which decrease in height from south to north. These knickpoints are interpreted to have formed as a result of the initiation of faulting and a subsequent slip-rate acceleration. The post-glacial fault scarp and fluvial geomorphology both indicate that the entire fault is active and has an asymmetrical throw profile that results in the highest slip-rate in the south.
MERCI: Mixed Curvature-Based Elements for Computing Equilibria of Thin Elastic Ribbons
Authors: Charrondière Raphaël , Neukirch Sébastien , Bertails-Descoubes Florence 
Published: July 2024

Thin elastic ribbons represent a class of intermediary objects lying in-between thin elastic plates and thin elastic rods. Although the two latter families of thin structures have received much interest from the Computer Graphics community over the last decades, ribbons have seldom been considered and modelled numerically so far, in spite of a growing number of applications in Computer Design.

In this article, starting from the reduced developable ribbon models [Sadowsky
1929
; Wunderlich
1962
] recently popularised in Soft Matter Physics, we propose a both accurate and efficient algorithm for computing the statics of thin elastic ribbons. Inspired by the super-clothoid model for thin elastic rods, our method relies on compact ribbon elements whose normal curvature varies linearly with respect to arc length
s
, while their geodesic torsion is quadratic in
s
. In contrast, however, for the sake of efficiency, our algorithm avoids building a fully reduced kinematic chain and instead treats each element independently, gluing them only at the final solving stage through well-chosen bilateral constraints.

Thanks to this mixed variational strategy, which yields a banded Hessian, our algorithm recovers the linear complexity of low-order models while preserving the high-order convergence of curvature-based models. As a result, our approach is scalable to a large number of elements, and suitable for various boundary conditions and unilateral contact constraints, making it possible to handle challenging scenarios such as confined buckling experiments or Möbius bands with contact. Remarkably, our mixed algorithm proves an order of magnitude faster compared to Discrete Elastic Ribbon models of the literature while achieving, in a few seconds only, high accuracy levels that remain out of reach for such low-order models. Additionally, our numerical model can incorporate various ribbon energies, including the
RibExt
model for quasi-developable ribbons recently introduced in Physics [Audoly and Neukirch
2021
], which allows to transition smoothly between a rectangular Kirchhoff rod and a (developable) Sadowsky ribbon. Our numerical scheme is carefully validated against demanding experiments of the Physics literature, which demonstrates its accuracy, efficiency, robustness, and versatility.

Our
Merci
code is publicly available at https://gitlab.inria.fr/elan-public-code/merci for the sake of reproducibility and future benchmarking.
A Generalized Method for Proving Polynomial Calculus Degree Lower Bounds
Authors: Mikša Mladen , Nordström Jakob 
Published: July 2024

We study the problem of obtaining lower bounds for polynomial calculus (PC) and polynomial calculus resolution (PCR) on proof degree, and hence by [Impagliazzo et al. ’99] also on proof size. [Alekhnovich and Razborov’03] established that if the clause-variable incidence graph of a conjunctive normal form (CNF) formula
F
is a good enough expander, then proving that
F
is unsatisfiable requires high PC/PCR degree. We further develop their techniques to show that if one can “cluster” clauses and variables in a way that “respects the structure” of the formula in a certain sense, then it is sufficient that the incidence graph of this clustered version is an expander. We also show how a weaker structural condition is sufficient to obtain lower bounds on width for the resolution proof system, and give a unified treatment that highlights similarities and differences between resolution and polynomial calculus (PC) lower bounds.

As a corollary of our main technical theorem, we prove that the functional pigeonhole principle (FPHP) formulas require high PC/PCR degree when restricted to constant-degree expander graphs. This answers an open question in [Razborov’02], and also implies that the standard CNF encoding of the FPHP formulas require exponential proof size in polynomial calculus resolution (PCR). Thus, while onto-FPHP formulas are easy for polynomial calculus, as shown in [Riis’93], both FPHP and onto-PHP formulas are hard even when restricted to bounded-degree expanders.
A new species of Haminoea in Brazilian coast (Cephalaspidea, Haminoeidae) as part of H. elegans group
Authors: Galvão Filho Hilton de Castro , Lima Patricia Oristanio Vaz de , Simone Luiz Ricardo L. 
Published: July 2024

Haminoea maray is introduced as a replacement for what was previously identified as H. elegans, now recognized as a complex comprising several species found on both sides of the Atlantic. This descriptive paper presents a comprehensive phenotypic study based on specimens collected from Ceará to São Paulo, Brazil, and had been previously recognized as a molecular variant. The newly described species inhabits estuarine environments with low salinity, exhibiting distinct conchological and anatomical features compared to other populations of H. elegans and related congeners. https://zoobank.org/936AAD86-91A6-459D-A6ED-9C3DC7F2E8FF.
Clavícula, cantareira e saboneteira: as variedades do português formosense
Authors: Araujo Karina de Jesus , Santiago-Almeida Manoel Mourivaldo 
Published: July 2024

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a forma “clavícula” a partir do(s) falar/falares dos moradores/migrantes de Formoso do Araguaia - TO, traçando representações sociolinguísticas no contexto semântico-lexical dos que nasceram ou vivem nessa comunidade. A questão central é compreender de que maneira essa lexia apresenta tais variações. Utiliza-se a abordagem qualitativa, baseada na Dialetologia Pluridimensional e Relacional de Thun (2010) e, a técnica dos três passos: perguntar, insistir e sugerir, a aplicação da questão 106 do QSL: “Como se chama o osso que vai do pescoço até o ombro?” A coleta dividiu-se em dois pontos de inquérito: urbano e rural, com 48 informantes em quatro grupos, das variedades do português: maranhense (PM), gaúcho (PG), caipira (PC) e ribeirinho (PR) e, em duas gerações, mais jovens (GI) e mais velhas (GII), do sexo masculino e feminino. As análises se concentraram na ocorrência, frequência e divergência das lexias. E, foram documentados em mapas polifórmicos e de status da forma. Assim, esta pesquisa contribui ao destacar as lexias predominantes na comunidade, além de oferecer insights relevantes para a sociedade em geral e para os estudos dialetais em todo o país.
Variação morfofonológica da variável (gente) na fala de moradores da comunidade Ariri (Am)
Authors: Margotti Felício Wessling , Azevedo Orlando da Silva , Santos Ilna Kelly Ferreira dos 
Published: July 2024

Neste artigo, são descritas as variantes morfofonológicas da variável (gente) na fala de moradores da comunidade Ariri, localizada no rio Coari Grande, que pertence ao município de Coari, no Estado do Amazonas. O corpus foi retirado de oito respostas discursivas que constam no questionário semântico-lexical da tese de Azevedo (2013). Trata-se de um trabalho dialetológico e geolinguístico por trabalhar a variação dialetal no espaço territorial. A análise descritiva foi feita nas dimensões intralinguística, diatópico-diafásica diatópico-diassexual, diatópico-diastrática e diatópico-diageracional. Os resultados transcritos grafematicamente foram inseridos em cinco cartas morfofonológicas, as quais mostram que os moradores locais usam quatro variantes que testificam um processo de mudança linguística em curso.
Inhaled alkaline hypertonic divalent salts reduce refractory chronic cough frequency
Authors: Abubakar-Waziri Hisham , Edwards David A. , Bhatta Deen Bhandu , Hull James H. , Rudd Matthew , Small Peter , Chung Kian Fan 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundTreatment of chronic cough remains a challenge. We hypothesised that inhaled alkaline hypertonic divalent salts (alkaline HDS) might provide relief for refractory chronic cough by laryngeal and tracheal hydration.MethodsWe conducted an exploratory, single-blinded, nasal saline-controlled study in 12 refractory chronic cough patients to examine cough suppression efficacy of an alkaline HDS composition (SC001) at pH 8 or pH 9 administered by nasal inhalation. As control, we used nasal saline with the same hand-held pump spray aerosol device. Each subject was monitored continuously using a digital cough monitor watch for 1 week of baseline, 1 week of control treatment and 1 week of active treatment.ResultsBaseline daily cough rates ranged from 4 to 34 coughs·h−1with mean visual analogue score 65±17 pre- and post-baseline testing. Control-adjusted efficacy of cough rate reduction ranged from 15% (p=0.015) (from Day 1) to 23% (p=0.002) (from Day 3). Control-adjusted efficacy was highest with SC001 pH 9 (n=5), ranging from 25% (p=0.03) (from Day 1) to 35% (p=0.02) (from Day 3), and lowest for SC001 pH 8 (n=7), ranging from 9% (p=0.08) (from Day 1) to 16% (p=0.02) (from Day 3). Hourly cough counts and visual analogue score correlated for baseline (r=0.254, p=0.02) and control (r=0.299, p=0.007) monitoring weeks. Treatment improved this correlation (r=0.434, p=0.00006). No adverse events were reported.ConclusionsAlkaline (pH 9) HDS aerosol is a promising treatment for refractory chronic cough and should be further evaluated.
The effect of sulthiame on potential biomarkers in moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Hoff Erik , Musovic Saliha , Komai Ali M. , Zou Ding , Strassberger Christian , Stenlöf Kaj , Grote Ludger , Hedner Jan 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disease with breathing disturbances during sleep. Sulthiame (STM), a carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor, was recently shown to reduce OSA in a significant proportion of patients. CA activity and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α are two potential biomarkers reported in severe OSA and hypoxia. Both have been considered to play roles in the development of OSA comorbidities. This study investigated the effects of STM on these biomarkers in OSA.MethodsThis was an exploratory analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of STM in OSA. Patients with moderate to severe OSA, body mass index 20–35 kg·m−2, aged 18–75 years and not accepting positive airway pressure treatment were randomised to 4 weeks with placebo, STM 200 mg or STM 400 mg. CA activity (n=43) and HIF-1α concentration (n=53) were determined at baseline, after 4 weeks of treatment and 2 weeks after treatment completion.ResultsIn the 400 mg group, both CA activity and HIF-1α concentration were reduced (median difference −26% (95% CI −32– −12%) and −4% (95% CI −8– −2%); both p<0.05versusplacebo). The reductions were sustained 2 weeks after treatment completion. In the 200 mg group, both CA activity and HIF-1α were numerically reduced. The STM-induced reductions in CA activity and HIF-1α correlated significantly (r=0.443, p=0.023).ConclusionsSTM treatment in OSA induced a reduction of both CA activity and HIF-1α concentration. The effects remained 2 weeks after treatment completion, suggesting prolonged effects of STM in OSA.
Chronic cough as a disease
Authors: Turner Richard D. , Birring Surinder S. 
Published: July 2024

Chronic cough is a frequent reason for medical consultation and has significant impact on quality of life. Due to the limited effectiveness of currently available treatments, and delays in accessing care, patients are often inadequately managed. There remains an overreliance by clinicians on outdated management algorithms, addressing chronic cough only as symptom of other medical conditions, and advocating investigation and trials of treatment of diseases which are often not present. This may lead to unnecessary cost, frustration and potential harm. Newer clinical guidelines in essence consider chronic cough as a disease in itself, resulting from afferent neuronal hypersensitivity and central nervous system dysfunction. Secondary factors which aggravate chronic cough (smoking, asthma, gastro-oesophageal reflux,etc.) are better considered as treatable traits associated with the primary disease process rather than direct “causes” of cough.Explicitly approaching chronic cough as a discrete entity is consistent with the way in which “diseases” are generally characterised, and has advantages. The patient should be better able to understand their condition, and may have better confidence in attempts at management. The clinician should have better focus and avoid unfruitful treatments and investigation. In general, considering chronic cough as a disease should help to raise the profile of the condition, improve organisation of health service pathways, increase attention for research, and further the development of new treatments.
A new phenotype of patients with post-COVID-19 condition is characterised by a pattern of complex ventilatory dysfunction, neuromuscular disturbance and fatigue symptoms
Authors: Steinbeis Fridolin , Kedor Claudia , Meyer Hans-Jakob , Thibeault Charlotte , Mittermaier Mirja , Knape Philipp , Ahrens Katharina , Rotter Gabriele , Temmesfeld-Wollbrück Bettina , Sander Leif Erik , Kurth Florian , Witzenrath Martin , Scheibenbogen Carmen , Zoller Thomas 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundPatients with post-COVID-19 condition frequently suffer from chronic dyspnoea. The causes and mechanism for dyspnoea in these patients without evidence of structural lung disease are unclear.MethodsPatients treated for COVID-19 at Charité University Hospital in Berlin received pulmonary function testing including respiratory muscle strength tests and completed health-related quality-of-life questionnaires during follow-up. Patients with post-COVID-19 condition during outpatient follow-up with fatigue and exertional intolerance (PCF) were compared to patients with post-COVID-19 condition with evidence of chronic pulmonary sequelae (post-COVID-19 restriction (PCR)) as well as to patients without post-COVID-19 condition (NCF).ResultsA total of 170 patients presented for follow-up. 36 participants met criteria for PCF, 28 for PCR and 24 for NCF. PCF patients reported dyspnoea in 63.8%. % predicted value of respiratory muscle strength (median (IQR)) was reduced in PCF (55.8 (41.5–75.9)) compared to NCF and PCR (70.6 (66.3–88.9) and 76.8 (63.6–102.2), respectively; p=0.011). A pattern of reduced forced vital capacity (FVC), but normal total lung capacity (TLC), termed complex ventilatory dysfunction defined as TLC − FVC >10% predicted was observed and occurred more frequently in PCF (88.9%) compared to NCF and PCR (29.1% and 25.0%, respectively; p<0.001).ConclusionDyspnoea in PCF is characterised by reduced respiratory muscle strength and complex ventilatory dysfunction indicating neuromuscular disturbance as a distinct phenotype among patients with post-COVID-19 condition. These observations could be a starting point for developing personalised rehabilitation concepts.
Persistent effectiveness of CGRP antibody therapy in migraine and comorbid medication overuse or medication overuse headache - a retrospective real-world analysis
Authors: Scheffler Armin , Basten Jale , Menzel Lennart , Binz Dominik , Becker Wolfgang Alexander , Breunung Vincent , Schenk Hannah , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Nsaka Michael , Lindner Diana , Holle Dagny 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Management of patients with migraine who have concomitant medication overuse (MO) or medication overuse headache (MOH) is a major problem in clinical practice. Detoxification of acute analgesics before or during initiation of prophylactic therapy has long been recommended although this concept has recently been questioned. Additionally, relapse after detoxification is a common problem. This real-world study analyses the initial and sustained effectiveness of prophylactic migraine therapy with CGRP (receptor) antibodies without prior detoxification in patients with comorbid MO or MOH for up to one year.

Methods
A retrospective real-world analysis was performed on 291 patients (episodic migraine (EM) with MO (EM-MO; n = 35), EM without MO (EM-noMO; n = 77), chronic migraine (CM) with MOH (CM-MOH; n = 109), CM without MOH (CM-noMOH; n = 70). All patients began treatment with either erenumab (n = 173), fremanezumab (n = 70) or galcanezumab (n = 48) without prior detoxification. Data were available for up to 12 months of treatment. Responder rates for monthly headache days (MHD), monthly migraine days (MMD) and monthly acute medication intake (AMD) were analysed.

Results
All groups showed a significant reduction in MHD, MMD and AMD at the last observed time point compared to baseline. In patients with CM and MOH, 60.6% (66/109) no longer fulfilled the definition of MO or MOH and a further 13.8% (15/109) had only EM-MO. In the EM cohort, 89% (31/35) of MO patients lost their MO during therapy. MHD and AMD 30% responder rates were comparable for CM-MOH and CM-noMOH (MHD: CM-MOH: 56.0% vs. CM-noMOH: 41.4%, p = 0.058, AMD: CM-MOH: 66.1% vs. CM-noMOH: 52.9%, p = 0.077). MMD responder rate did not differ significantly (after Bonferroni adjustment) (CM-MOH: 62.4% vs. CM-noMOH: 47.1%, p = 0.045, α = 0.017). After successful initiation of therapy, 15.4% of the initial CM-MOH patients relapsed and met the criterion for CM-MOH at the end of follow-up. There were no antibody specific differences in response to therapy.

Conclusions
Our data confirms the effectiveness of CGRP antibody treatment in migraine patients with additional MOH or MO in a real-world setting. Low relapse rates after initial successful therapy support an early start of CGRP antibody treatment in patients with MOH or MO.

Trial registration
No registration, retrospective analysis.

Graphical Abstract