bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress of Make-Up Torque on the Gas Storage Well Bore and Coupling Connecting Thread
Authors: Liu Peiqi , Zhang Liming , Xu Siyuan , Duan Zhixiang , Chen Zuzhi , Zhao Wenjing 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The structure of wellbore and coupling is connected by thread, it is the position where fatigue failure accidents are happened in gas storage well, and the make-up torque of thread is the key factor that influences the mechanical properties of this structure. In this pa- per, a finite element method was established to discuss the calculation method of make-up torque and the influence law on the stress of coupling in the gas storage well. Results show that the make-up torque cannot be simply ignored due to its great impact on internal stress distribution of gas storage well. Experimental results showed the correctness of the model. Under the action of the make-up torque, the overall stress level inside the wellbore is higher than the external coupling. However the maximum stress exists in the external coupling. The overall stress grad- ually increases with the increase of interference rotation number (abbr. RN) between coupling and wellbore, but the overall distribution trend is almost the same. The first thread on the left of the connection part is the area where fatigue failure is most likely to occur. The make-up torque between threads increases linearly with the increase of RN between cou- pling and wellbore.
Applied Study on Mechanics of Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanofillers
Authors: Petrova I. , Ivanov E. , Kotsilkova R. , Tsekov Y. , Angelov V. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The incorporation of small amount of hard and soft carbon nanofillers, such as nanoscale diamond, carbon ash and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have different effect on the surface properties of the neat polyester resin and polypropylene. The soft nanofiller, carbon ash did not influence the wear properties of the polyester resin up to 5 wt% filler content. In contrast, 0.5-5 wt% hard nanodiamond strongly decreased the wear mass loss of the polyester resin. The scratch resistance and the coefficient of friction of the polypropylene is improved significantly while there is 0.1-3 wt% MWCNT. Small amount of MWCNTs change significantly the molecular structure of the polypropylene, producing a nucleation effect. This was found to assist in the changes of surface prop- erties by increasing the hardness, friction and wear of polypropylene.
Quantum continuous measurements: The stochastic
Schrödinger equations and the spectrum of the output
Authors: Barchielli Alberto , Gregoratti Matteo 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The stochastic Schrödinger equation, of classical or quantum
type, allows to describe open quantum systems under measurement
in continuous time. In this paper we review the link
between these two descriptions and we study the properties
of the output of the measurement. For simplicity we deal
only with the diffusive case. Firstly, we discuss the quantum
stochastic Schrödinger equation, which is based on quantum
stochastic calculus, and we show how to transform it into
the classical stochastic Schrödinger equation by diagonalization
of suitable commuting quantum observables. Then,
we give the a posteriori state, the conditional system state
at time t given the output up to that time, and we link its
evolution to the classical stochastic Schrödinger equation.
Moreover, the relation with quantum filtering theory is shortly
discussed. Finally, we study the output of the continuous
measurement, which is a stochastic process with probability
distribution given by the rules of quantum mechanics. When
the output process is stationary, at least in the long run, the
spectrum of the process can be introduced and its properties
studied. In particular we show how the Heisenberg uncertainty
relations give rise to characteristic bounds on the possible
spectra and we discuss how this is related to the typical
quantum phenomenon of squeezing. We use a simple
quantum system, a two-level atom stimulated by a laser, to
discuss the differences between homodyne and heterodyne
detection and to explicitly show squeezing and anti-squeezing
of the homodyne spectrum and the Mollow triplet in the fluorescence
spectrum.
The Changes of Russia’s Business Strategies and their Influences on Mutual Foreign Trade with the EU during the Economic Crisis
Authors: Drieniková Kristína , Kašťáková Elena 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The paper analyses the economic situation in Russia during the economic crisis, with a focus on foreign trade relations and changes that have occurred in this period and try to direct the country towards modernization type of economic growth. The change to Russia’s foreign trade policy and investment climate associated with its accession to the WTO play an important part. This membership influenced not only tariff reduction, but at the same time it is a prerequisite for gradual improvement of country’s investment and business environment as well as increasing of its attractiveness. It is also expected to increase the effectiveness of the above mentioned processes of modernization and diversification of the Russian economy. The presented solution is the evaluation of these matters´ impacts on mutual cooperation and on Russia’s foreign trade relations with the EU.
Algebraic and Set-Theoretical Properties of Some Subsets of Families of Convergent and Divergent Permutations
Authors: Wituła Roman 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The paper presents a few basic algebraic and set-theoretical properties of some subsets of families of convergent and divergent permutations of ℕ, especially the compositions of families of the so-called one-sided convergent and one-sided divergent permutations.
Anomaly in thermal characterization of CaxMg1-xNb2O6 (x =0,0.4,0.6,1) towards LTCC applications
Authors: Satapathy Jyotirmayee , Reddy M.V.Ramana 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC), being the most advantageous technology related to the multilayer substrates for various applications, demands an extensive study of raw materials. In the present work, a series of CaxMg1−xNb2O6 (x =0, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0) were prepared using sol-gel synthesis route and sintered at a temperature of 900°C to study its applicability for LTCC technology. The phase formation has been confirmed using X-ray diffraction. Thermal properties like thermal conductivity and thermal expansion, which are very important aspects as the former defines the heat flow to avoid thermal instability in the layers and the latter provides the dimensional congruency of the dielectric material and the conductors, are studied here over high temperature range up to the firing temperature. Although the values are quite satisfactory from the application point view, the results have showed an anomaly over temperature. The anomalous thermal behavior was further analyzed using TG-DTA.
Dielectric and structural properties of iron- and sodium-fumarates
Authors: Skuban Sonja , Džomié Tanja , Kapor Agneš , Cvejić Željka , Rakic Srđan 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The behaviour of dielectric parameters such as the relative dielectric constant (ε''), the relative loss factor (ε'') and the ac conductivity of well known pharmaceutical materials Fe(II)-fumarate and Na-fumarate were studied as a function of temperature (in the range from 303K to 483 K) and frequency (in the range from 0.1 Hz to 100 kHz). The values of the conductivity are in the range of 10−5 Ω−1m−1 to 10−9 Ω−1m−1 for Fe(II)-fumarate and 10−6 Ω−1m−1 to 10−11 Ω−1m−1 for Na-fumarate. The conductivity of both materials increases with the increase in temperature and frequency. It was found that both ε' and ε'' decrease with increasing frequency and increase with increasing temperature for both materials. The highest changes are in the low frequency range. The obtained values of the dielectric parameters and conductivity suggest that these materials are dielectric with similar structure, most probably polymeric, with the mechanism of ionic conductivity.
Fruit structure in Magnoliaceae s.l. and Archaeanthus and their relationships
Authors: Romanov Mikhail S. , Dilcher David L. 
Published: August 2013

• Premise of the study: The family Magnoliaceae s.l. is a basal angiosperm family with two subfamilies—Magnolioideae and Liriodendroideae, which differ by the types and structure of their fruits and seeds. The late Albian genus Archaeanthus shares many features of its reproductive organs with Magnoliaceae s.l., but its pericarp anatomy was never studied in detail. A broad‐scale carpological investigation of Archaeanthus and Magnoliaceae s.l. was undertaken to reveal the nature of the similarities in fruit structure and to reconstruct Archaeanthus pericarp anatomy. These data are important to determine the early stages of fruit morphogenesis and thus to clarify relationships of Archaeanthus to the taxa of Magnoliaceae s.l.• Methods: The pericarp anatomy was studied with light microscopy, SEM, and polarizing microscopy.• Key results: The dehiscent, polyspermous follicles shed from the receptacle of Archaeanthus share similarities with dehiscent follicles of Magnoliaceae s.s. and shedding nutlets of Liriodendron. The seeds of Archaeanthus are dorsiventrally flattened, ovoid, and encircled with a single circular wing. The pericarps of all the taxa studied are differentiated into exocarp (epidermis), multilayered mesocarp, and endocarp (fiber‐like sclereids). The mesocarp consists of parenchyma with scattered secretory cells and sclereid clusters (Magnoliaceae s.s., Archaeanthus) or composed by sclerenchyma (Liriodendron).• Conclusions: The specializations of dehiscent multifollicles of unknown Cretaceous ancestors for different modes of seed and fruitlet dispersal formed the basis for the differentiation of two evolutionary lines with their divergence occurring more than 100 million years ago: Magnoliaceae s.s. and the Archaeanthus–Liriodendroidea–Liriodendron line (Liriodendraceae s.l.) within the order Magnoliales.
Groupe de relaxation
Authors: Raoult Patrick-Ange 
Published: August 2013

À partir des hypothèses de M. Milner et de R. Roussillon sur le médium malléable et des travaux de P. Fédida et P. Lafforgues, je soulignerai l’idée que le médium est le vecteur d’une fusion d’une partie de la réalité externe, permettant la constitution d’une interface, d’une discrimination et la création d’un symbole. Il est un opérateur de transformation de l’informel en formel, du quantitatif en qualitatif, du juxtaposé en conflictuel, à partir d’une activité appropriative, au travers d’un processus de subjectivation. Les éléments sur la malléabilité du médium (défonctionnalisation des objets, subversion du support, désignification des contenus, déqualification du matériau) seraient à inclure dans une théorie de la médiation, définie par une fonction « trans », précisée par, au moins, trois termes : la transcorporation, la transfiguration et la transsymbolisation. Ceux-ci renvoient à trois types de malléabilité : le médium esthétique, le médium figuratif et le médium représentatif. Au travers d’un exemple clinique, issu d’un groupe de relaxation, il s’agira de repérer la mise en œuvre de ces opérations comme modalités d’un travail de symbolisation.
L'accompagnement de la construction de la chaîne associative groupale dans un groupe de patients schizophrènes
Authors: Gimenez Guy , Pinel Jean-Pierre , Vivier-Vacheret Claudine 
Published: August 2013

Ce travail a pour but d’étudier, à partir de séquences cliniques d’un groupe de paroles, constitué de patients schizophrènes en institution spécialisée, le processus de construction d’une chaîne associative groupale. Les auteurs décrivent comment les productions morcelées et dissociées de patients schizophrènes, délirants et hallucinés, en situation de groupe, peuvent, dans certaines conditions, devenir progressivement une chaîne associative de groupe, prenant en compte les productions de chacun. Est plus particulièrement étudié comment ces patients, très régressés, sont pourtant aptes à « prêter à l’autre » des fonctions psychiques non disponibles pour eux-mêmes, comme, par exemple, la figuration. Il s’agit d’une fonction phorique particulière, le groupe devient un lieu de mise en commun et partage une « coopérative psychique » de fonctions non disponibles à chaque participant.
Réflexions sur le cadre en thérapie familiale psychanalytique... pour les familles recomposées
Authors: Lemaire Jean-Georges , Aubertel Françoise , Baron-Preter Brigitte 
Published: August 2013

Pour les familles recomposées, engager une thérapie familiale psychanalytique implique des préalables : l’accord du parent qui n’y participera pas, la prise de sens du lien de filiation et de la différence générationnelle pour chacun des partenaires. Les indications de TFP se réfèrent principalement aux pathologies de la fonction alpha familiale, aux pathologies du lien et à celles de la parentalité. La complexité du champ de ces pathologies familiales, ajoutée à celle de la recomposition familiale, nécessite un travail préliminaire avec le nouveau couple, ce qui permettra d’envisager au préalable les souffrances vécues au niveau de la ou des fratries. Jean-G. Lemaire et Françoise Aubertel insistent sur le temps et la réflexion nécessaires pour permettre une élaboration suffisante pendant ce travail préliminaire et fixer le cadre de la TFP .
Réflexions théorico-cliniques sur l'accompagnement de familles en « lieu neutre »
Authors: Desveaux Jean-Baptiste 
Published: August 2013

RÉSUMÉ Cet écrit témoigne d’une pratique au sein d’un « lieu neutre », un espace de rencontre pour parents et enfants séparés. À partir d’interrogations sur le dispositif, le cadre et les fonctions de l’institution, l’auteur propose une analyse des spécificités de l’accompagnement de l’exercice du droit de visite entre parent et enfant. La prise en compte du transfert permet de mettre en lumière comment l’accueillant et l’institution peuvent être « utilisés » par les familles. Cette pratique requiert de constamment s’interroger sur le positionnement des professionnels à l’égard des familles, afin de pouvoir mobiliser une implication des parents dans le dispositif d’accompagnement qui ne soit pas entravée par les effets du contretransfert.
Dépenses militaires et dynamiques de restructuration du secteur de la défense
Authors: Gentilucci Eleonora 
Published: August 2013

Cet article est développé en deux sections. Dans la première nous essayons d’expliquer la dynamique des dépenses militaires et d’autres dépenses sociales dans la période 1988-2010 aux États-Unis. D’après les données empiriques, nous soutenons la thèse selon laquelle il y a un remarquable effet d’arbitrage dans l’allocation des dépenses publiques, car souvent, l’augmentation des dépenses militaires est faite au détriment des dépenses pour l’éducation, la sécurité sociale et la santé. Dans la deuxième section, nous analysons la transition de l’ancien « complexe militaro-industriel » au nouveau « système militaro-sécuritaire », compte tenu de la restructuration de l’industrie de la défense. Nous mettons l’accent, en particulier, sur le rôle de la financiarisation et de la concentration industrielle des entreprises. Codes JEL : H, H56, L, N4, P
Injuries in a Japanese Division I Collegiate American Football Team: A 3-Season Prospective Study
Authors: Iguchi Junta , Yamada Yosuke , Kimura Misaka , Fujisawa Yoshihiko , Hojo Tatsuya , Kuzuhara Kenji , Ichihashi Noriaki 
Published: August 2013

Context:
Previous research on American football injuries in Japan has focused on incidence proportion in terms of the number of injuries divided by the number of players. This is the first study to examine injury rates over several seasons.

Objective:
To conduct a prospective study of injuries in a Japanese Division I collegiate American football team over the 2007 through 2009 seasons.

Design:
Cohort study.

Setting:
Collegiate football team at Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.

Patients or Other Participants:
All 289 athletes who played on the collegiate Division I football team during the 2007 through 2009 seasons.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
A certified athletic trainer kept a daily record of all practice and game injuries. Injury rates were calculated according to season, injury type, body part, severity, and mechanism. Injuries were also analyzed according to position of player, school year, and playing experience.

Results:
The game injury rate (GIR; 32.7 injuries/1000 athlete-exposures) was higher than the practice injury rate (PIR; 10.9 injuries/1000 athlete-exposures) over the 3 seasons (P &lt; .05). The PIR was higher among Japanese players than the comparable United States collegiate football injury rates (5.8–7.0 injuries/1000 athlete-exposures). Ankle and foot injuries occurred more frequently during games, whereas thigh and gluteal injuries occurred more frequently during practices.

Conclusions:
Our data show differences between games and practices in terms of injury rates, body parts injured, and positions of players injured. The high PIR in Japan may be due to the increased contact during practices and length of practices compared with the United States. Further research involving multiple teams is recommended to validate the trends noted in this study. The expanded data set could assist in the development of safety regulations and preventive interventions for Japanese football.
The TV in Your Pocket: Development of Liquid‐Crystal Materials for the New Millennium
Authors: Bremer Matthias , Kirsch Peer , Klasen‐Memmer Melanie , Tarumi Kazuaki 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNew liquid crystals with very low viscosity, good mesophase behavior, and high reliability are necessary to achieve the breakthrough from flat computer monitors to large displays for television. Fluorine plays a decisive role not only because of the polarity it induces in organic molecules but also because of its low polarizability and weak propensity for ion solvation. In addition, subtle stereoelectronic effects in fluorine‐containing liquid crystals influence material properties and allow these to be tuned to some extent to achieve the desired outcome. Some fairly sophisticated chemistry is required that is normally ruled out in the specialty chemicals industry because of cost. The television display market is now entering a phase of saturation. The broad availability of the internet has led to an ever increasing tendency for mobile products. Tablet PCs and smartphones require touch‐panel functionality and low power consumption. New LCD modes with high‐performance liquid crystals and additional components, such as polymerizable materials, can be used in such products.
Evaluation of highly compliant magneto‐active elastomers with colossal magnetorheological response
Authors: Stoll Andrea , Mayer Matthias , Monkman Gareth J. , Shamonin Mikhail 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTHighly compliant elastomers with a shear storage modulus as low as 25 Pa are prepared using commercially available silicone, plasticizer, and tactile mutator silicone additive. They are used as matrix material for magneto‐active elastomers (MAEs) with carbonyl iron contents between 0 and 85 wt %. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the storage modulus of MAEs based on two selected mixtures ranges between ∼100 Pa and ∼2000 Pa. Addition of a mutator to the matrix mixture results in a long post‐cure period depending on the curing temperature and the initial mixture. In the presence of a magnetic field, the presented MAEs exhibit a strong magneto‐induced change in storage modulus resulting in a colossal magnetorheological effect of >106 % which is ∼30 times higher than previously reported values. The results are of interest in applications using such elastomers as cell substrates with magnetically tunable rigidity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39793.
Mitochondrial fission‐fusion as an emerging key regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Mitra Kasturi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMitochondrial shape change, brought about by molecules that promote either fission or fusion between individual mitochondria, has been documented in several model systems. However, the deeper significance of mitochondrial shape change has only recently begun to emerge: among others, it appears to play a role in the regulation of cell proliferation. Here, I review the emerging interplay between mitochondrial fission‐fusion components with cell cycle regulatory machineries and how that may impact cell differentiation. Regulation of mitochondrial shape may modulate mitochondrial metabolism and/or energetics to promote crosstalk between signaling components and the cell cycle machinery. Focused research in this area will reveal the exact role of mitochondria in development and disease, specifically in stem cell regulation and tumorigenesis. Such research may also reveal whether and how the endosymbiotic event that gave rise to the mitochondrion was crucial for the evolution of cell cycle regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotes that are absent in prokaryotes.
Cell death proteins: An evolutionary role in cellular adaptation before the advent of apoptosis
Authors: Dick Sarah A. , Megeney Lynn A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractProgrammed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis is a broadly conserved phenomenon in metazoans, whereby activation of canonical signal pathways induces an ordered dismantling and death of a cell. Paradoxically, the constituent proteins and pathways of PCD (most notably the metacaspase/caspase protease mediated signal pathways) have been demonstrated to retain non‐death functions across all phyla including yeast, nematodes, drosophila, and mammals. The ancient conservation of both death and non‐death functions of PCD proteins raises an interesting evolutionary conundrum: was the primordial intent of these factors to induce cell death or to regulate other cellular adaptations? Here, we propose the hypothesis that apoptotic behavior of PCD proteins evolved or were co‐opted from core non‐death functions.
Quinary protein structure and the consequences of crowding in living cells: Leaving the test‐tube behind
Authors: Wirth Anna Jean , Gruebele Martin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlthough the importance of weak protein‐protein interactions has been understood since the 1980s, scant attention has been paid to this “quinary structure”. The transient nature of quinary structure facilitates dynamic sub‐cellular organization through loose grouping of proteins with multiple binding partners. Despite our growing appreciation of the quinary structure paradigm in cell biology, we do not yet understand how the many forces inside the cell – the excluded volume effect, the “stickiness” of the cytoplasm, and hydrodynamic interactions – perturb the weakest functional protein interactions. We discuss the unresolved problem of how the forces in the cell modulate quinary structure, and to what extent the cell has evolved to exert control over the weakest biomolecular interactions. We conclude by highlighting the new experimental and computational tools coming on‐line for in vivo studies, which are a critical next step if we are to understand quinary structure in its native environment.
Synthesis of Symmetrical and Nonsymmetrical Bisthienylcyclopentenes
Authors: Szalóki György , Pozzo Jean‐Luc 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDiarylethenes possess unique structural properties, which enabled them to find widespread applications in the field of photochromism. Nowadays, bisthienylcyclopentenes (BTCs) present the most popular subfamily of these compounds, which are widely used as P‐type chromophores. This minireview summarises the main strategies for the synthesis of symmetrical and nonsymmetrical BTCs. In addition, attention is drawn to desymmetrisations achieved by monosubstitutions, which is not frequently utilised, although it can be highly advantageous. This is supported with some of the authors’ latest results.