bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting range expansion into ecological traps: climate‐mediated shifts in sea turtle nesting beaches and human development
Authors: Pike David A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSome species are adapting to changing environments by expanding their geographic ranges. Understanding whether range shifts will be accompanied by increased exposure to other threats is crucial to predicting when and where new populations could successfully establish. If species overlap to a greater extent with human development under climate change, this could form ecological traps which are attractive to dispersing individuals, but the use of which substantially reduces fitness. Until recently, the core nesting range for the Critically Endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) was ca. 1000 km of sparsely populated coastline in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Over the past twenty‐five years, this species has expanded its range into populated areas of coastal Florida (>1500 km outside the historical range), where nesting now occurs annually. Suitable Kemp's ridley nesting habitat has persisted for at least 140 000 years in the western Gulf of Mexico, and climate change models predict further nesting range expansion into the eastern Gulf of Mexico and northern Atlantic Ocean. Range expansion is 6–12% more likely to occur along uninhabited stretches of coastline than are current nesting beaches, suggesting that novel nesting areas will not be associated with high levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Although the high breeding‐site fidelity of some migratory species could limit adaptation to climate change, rapid population recovery following effective conservation measures may enhance opportunities for range expansion. Anticipating the interactive effects of past or contemporary conservation measures, climate change, and future human activities will help focus long‐term conservation strategies.
Toll‐like receptors 3, 4 and 9 in hepatocellular carcinoma: Relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis
Authors: Eiró Noemí , Altadill Antonio , Juárez Luis M. , Rodríguez Manuel , González Luis O. , Atienza Sara , Bermúdez Sandra , Fernandez‐Garcia Belen , Fresno‐Forcelledo Manuel F. , Rodrigo Luis , Vizoso Francisco J. 
Published: June 2013

AimHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is in the 10 leading cancer types, being difficult to detect as most of patients who develop this tumor have no symptoms other than those related to their long‐standing liver disease. The liver is constantly exposed to bacterial products, viral infection, alcohol or other products, which may be the cause of chronic liver damage, and thus an increasing risk for HCC. Toll‐like receptors (TLR) have gained an extraordinary interest in cancer research due to their role in several biological processes such as innate immune responses, the induction of adaptive immune responses, regulation of inflammation, would healing and carcinogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical relevance of TLR3, 4 and 9 in HCC.MethodsThe expression levels of TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9 were analyzed in tumors from 30 patients with HCC. The analysis was performed by immunohistochemistry. Results were correlated with various clinicopathological findings and with overall survival.ResultsTLR3 was significantly high in large tumors (>4 cm in diameter) compared with small tumors (P < 0.05). Our results demonstrated that patients whose tumors showed both TLR4 and TLR9 positive immunostaining had poor prognosis. In addition, TLR9 expression by fibroblast‐like cells was significantly associated with a shortened overall survival (P = 0.015).ConclusionThe results demonstrated an association between TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9 expression and tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in HCC.
The willingness of informal caregivers to assist their care‐recipient to use Home Medicines Review
Authors: Carter Stephen R. , Moles Rebekah , White Lesley , Chen Timothy F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivesInformal caregivers experience daily hassles – a form of persistent stress, as a consequence of caregiving. This study aimed to develop and test a new theoretical model of health information‐seeking behaviour, the Knowledge Hassles Information Seeking Model (KHISM). KHISM hypothesized that the knowledge hassles of caregivers – daily stressors experienced while dealing with tasks which require knowledge about the safety and effectiveness of the care‐recipients' medicines – would influence caregivers' willingness to assist their care‐recipient to use an Australian medication management service, Home Medicines Review (HMR).MethodsA cross‐sectional postal survey was conducted among 2350 members of Carers (NSW, Australia). Respondents were included in the study if they were involved in medication‐related tasks for their care‐recipient and were not paid as caregivers. Also, their care‐recipient needed to be taking more than five medicines daily or more than 12 doses daily and had not yet experienced HMR. Structural equation modelling was used to test the model.ResultsA total of 324 useable surveys were returned yielding a response rate of 14%. Respondents were quite willing to assist their care‐recipient to use HMR (willingness). The model predicted 51% of the variation in willingness. Knowledge hassles increased positive outcome expectancy (β = 0.40, P < 0.05) and indirectly increased willingness.ConclusionsThe more caregivers experience hassles with medication knowledge, the more they perceive HMR to be a helpful information source and the more willing they are to use it. Targeted marketing centred on HMR as an information source may increase caregivers' demand for HMR. Further exploration of the phenomenon of knowledge hassles is warranted.
Higher vitamin D levels in HIV‐infected out‐patients on treatment with boosted protease inhibitor monotherapy
Authors: Cervero M , Agud JL , Torres R , García‐Lacalle C , Alcázar V , Jusdado JJ , Moreno S 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesWe investigated the vitamin D status of patients receiving frequently used types of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), including boosted protease inhibitor (PI) monotherapy.MethodsFor this cross‐sectional study, out of 450 HIV‐infected patients followed in the Hospital Severo Ochoa (Madrid, Spain), we selected 352 patients for whom vitamin D levels had been measured (January 2009 to December 2010). We collected the following data: demographics, cART duration, main cART regimen, viral load (VL), CD4 cell count, and concentrations of 25(OH)‐vitamin D [25(OH)‐D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin and calcium. Vitamin D status cut‐off points were: (1) deficiency (vitDd): 25(OH)‐D < 20 ng/mL; (2) insufficiency (vitDi): 25(OH)‐D from 20 to 29.99 ng/mL; and (3) optimal (vitDo): 25(OH)‐D ≥ 30 ng/mL.ResultsThe percentages of patients with vitDd, vitDi and vitDo were 44, 27.6 and 28.5%, respectively. Twenty‐nine out of 30 (96.7%) Black patients had vitDd or vitDi, vs. 71.6% in the global sample (P < 0.001). Former injecting drug users (IDUs) had a higher prevalence of vitDo (P < 0.001) than patients in other transmission categories. Among patients with vitDd, vitDi and vitDo, the proportions of patients with a VL ≤ 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL were 77.4, 68 and 91%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Of the cART regimens, only boosted PI monotherapy was associated with significant differences in vitamin D levels (P = 0.039). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an increased risk of vitDi or vitDd associated with the following variables: Black vs. Caucasian ethnicity [odds ratio (OR) 10.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–94; P = 0.033]; heterosexual (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.13–4.93; P = 0.022) or men who have sex with men (MSM) (OR 3.25; 95% CI 1.25–8.50; P = 0.016) transmission category vs. former IDU; and VL > 50 copies/mL (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.10–7.25; P = 0.040). A lower risk of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency was found in patients on boosted PI monotherapy vs. no treatment (OR 0.08; 95% CI 0.01–0.6; P = 0.018).ConclusionsOur data show an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in patients with detectable VL and a Black ethnic background. Among cART regimens, boosted PI monotherapy was associated with a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. The more favourable vitamin D status in former IDUs was probably attributable to a higher frequency of outdoor jobs in this group of patients.
Differences in oviposition strategies between two ecotypes of the endangered myrmecophilous butterfly Maculinea alcon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) under unique syntopic conditions
Authors: Czekes Zsolt , Markó Bálint , Nash David R. , Ferencz Márta , Lázár Bernadette , Rákosy László 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

The Alcon Blue Maculinea alcon and the Mountain Alcon Blue Maculinea ‘rebeli’ are obligate ant‐parasitic butterflies with no distinct morphological and genetic differences but clear ecological separation.

The two butterflies generally lay their eggs on distinct host plant species: M. alcon on Gentiana pneumonanthe and M. ‘rebeli’ on Gentiana cruciata. The egg‐laying behaviour of these two ecotypes has previously only been investigated in sympatric, but not in syntopic populations. We studied the egg‐laying preferences of M. alcon and M. ‘rebeli’ in a unique area where they co‐occur, and where they use different host plants.

The distance to the nearest other host plant does not seem to influence the decision of female butterflies as to whether to lay eggs on a specific host plant.

The two butterflies laid their eggs on different parts of their host plants: M. alcon preferred the sepals of G. pneumonanthe flower buds, while M. ‘rebeli’ laid most eggs on the leaves of G. cruciata.

The major factor correlated with the number of eggs laid on the host plant seemed to be plant quality (number of flowers, stem length, etc.) for both butterflies.

The present study reveals behavioural differences between the two Alcon Blue forms under unique syntopic conditions, a hidden intraspecific diversity that is worth conserving.
In Situ Synthesis of Nanostructured WC‐Co Within Silica Gel Matrix
Authors: Thakur Arpita Dalapati , Ghosh Chaudhuri Mahua , Das Gopes C. , Dey Rajib , Mitra Manoj K. , Mukherjee Siddhartha 
Published: June 2013

In situ reduction of tungstic acid and cobalt chloride by dextrose in silica gel resulted in co‐deposition of tungsten carbide‐cobalt (WC–Co) nanoparticles with different proportions of cobalt (5–15 wt % of WC). X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy have been used for characterizing these nanoparticles. WC‐Co aggregates of 25–30 nm size have been achieved, successfully.
Jubilación y prestaciones de salud de los trabajadores migrantes mexicanos que regresan de los Estados Unidos
Authors: Aguila Emma , Zissimopoulos Julie 
Published: June 2013

ResumenA falta de un convenio entre los Estados Unidos y México sobre la portabilidad y la totalización de los períodos computables a la seguridad social, en el presente artículo se examina el acceso a las pensiones y las prestaciones del seguro social, así como la situación laboral de los trabajadores migrantes mexicanos de edades más avanzadas que regresan a su país. Vemos que los migrantes que regresan tras haber pasado menos de un año en los Estados Unidos tienen un nivel similar de acceso que los no migrantes a las prestaciones de la seguridad social. Los migrantes que regresan tras haber pasado al menos un año en los Estados Unidos tienen menos posibilidades de tener un seguro de salud pública o prestaciones de la seguridad social que si no hubieran migrado, y su vulnerabilidad ante la pobreza en la vejez es mayor. Estos resultados aportan información para el debate sobre un acuerdo bilateral en materia de seguridad social entre los Estados Unidos y México con el objetivo de mejorar la seguridad social de los migrantes.
Effects of glutamine on wound healing
Authors: Kesici Ugur , Kesici Sevgi , Ulusoy Hulya , Yucesan Fulya , Turkmen Aygen U , Besir Ahmet , Tuna Verda 
Published: June 2013

AbstractStudies reporting the need for replacing amino acids such as glutamine (Gln), hydroxymethyl butyrate (HMB) and arginine (Arg) to accelerate wound healing are available in the literature. The primary objective of this study was to present the effects of Gln on tissue hydroxyproline (OHP) levels in wound healing. This study was conducted on 30 female Sprague Dawley rats with a mean weight of 230 ± 20 g. Secondary wounds were formed by excising 2 × 1 cm skin subcutaneous tissue on the back of the rats. The rats were divided into three equal groups. Group C (Control): the group received 1 ml/day isotonic solution by gastric gavage after secondary wound was formed. Group A (Abound): the group received 0·3 g/kg/day/ml Gln, 0·052 g/kg/day/ml HMB and 0·3 g/kg/day/ml Arg by gastric gavage after secondary wound was formed. Group R (Resource): the group received 0·3 g/kg/day/ml Gln by gastric gavage after secondary wound was formed. The OHP levels of the tissues obtained from the upper half region on the 8th day and the lower half region on the 21st day from the same rats in the groups were examined. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistics program SPSS version 17.0. No statistically significant differences were reported with regard to the OHP measurements on the 8th and 21st days (8th day: F = 0·068, P = 0·935 > 0·05; 21st day: F = 0·018, P = 0·983 > 0·05). The increase in mean OHP levels on the 8th and 21st days within each group was found to be statistically significant (F = 1146·34, P = 0·000 < 0·001). We conclude that in adults who eat healthy food, who do not have any factor that can affect wound healing negatively and who do not have large tissue loss at critical level, Gln, Arg and HMB support would not be required to accelerate secondary wound healing.
The Course of Sleep Disturbances in Early Alcohol Recovery: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Kolla Bhanu Prakash , Schneekloth Terry , Biernacka Joanna , Mansukhani Meghna , Geske Jennifer , Karpyak Victor , Hall‐Flavin Daniel , Louikianova Larissa , Frye Mark A. 
Published: June 2013

IntroductionUnderstanding the course and determinants of sleep disturbances in alcoholic patients may help identify patients at high risk of persistent sleep problems, relapse and guide treatment interventions.MethodsWe prospectively administered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to all patients (N = 196) admitted to a 1‐month residential treatment program. Our analysis excluded patients with active drug abuse/dependence. Demographic data, psychiatric diagnoses, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Inventory of Drug Taking Situations (IDTS) scores were obtained. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed using sex, age, hazardous alcohol use, PHQ‐9 scores, hypnotic use, and use of alcohol as a hypnotic as correlates to admission PSQI scores and improvement in PSQI scores.ResultsA total of 119 alcoholic patients met inclusion criteria (mean age 50.6 ± 13.2 years). The rates of sleep disturbances at admission and discharge were 69.3% and 49.1%, respectively. Self report of using alcohol to fall asleep and use of hypnotics were associated with elevated PSQI scores. Total PSQI scores improved over 4 weeks (p < .001). Change in PSQI scores was not effected by gender, use of hypnotics, hazardous alcohol use, use of alcohol as a hypnotic or co‐morbid psychiatric diagnosis. Older age predicted improvement in PSQI scores in patients with sleep disturbances (p = .004).ConclusionWhile a large proportion of alcoholics had sleep disturbances upon admission and at discharge from a residential treatment program, only older age was associated with improvements in sleep disturbances during early alcohol recovery. (Am J Addict 2014;23:21–26)
Hepatitis C infection in non‐treatment‐seeking heroin users: The burden of cocaine injection
Authors: Roux P. , Fugon L. , Jones J.D. , Comer S.D. 
Published: June 2013

Background and ObjectivesIn heroin dependent individuals, the HIV epidemic has been controlled in countries where access to opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) and needle exchange programs (NEP) have been implemented. However, despite similar routes of contamination for both viruses, the prevalence of hepatitis C (HCV) infection remains high in drug users. The objective of this analysis was to identify the prevalence of HCV and the correlates of being HCV‐positive in a sample of out‐of‐treatment heroin‐dependent individuals.MethodsData were collected from five inpatient studies (n = 120 participants) conducted at the New York State Psychiatric Institute. A logistic regression was used to identify correlates of being HCV‐positive at baseline.ResultsAmong the 120 heroin‐dependent volunteers, 42 were HCV‐positive. Participants who had heavier alcohol use, a longer duration of heroin use, or who reported using heroin by injection were more likely to be HCV‐positive. Interestingly, participants who had injected cocaine during the previous month had a ninefold greater risk of being HCV‐positive compared to non‐cocaine users and those who used cocaine by a non‐injecting route.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceThese findings confirm the risk of being HCV‐infected through intravenous drug use, especially with cocaine use. These results underscore the importance of rethinking interventions to prevent HCV infection with combined strategies using pharmacological approaches for cocaine dependence and tailored prevention for cocaine users. (Am J Addict 2013;22:613–618)
Linked exploitation and interference competition drives the variable behavior of a classic predator–prey system
Authors: Delong John P. , Vasseur David A. 
Published: June 2013

The potential connection between exploitation and interference competition was recognized long ago but has not been evaluated. We measured the levels of both forms of competition for the protist Didinium preying upon Paramecium. Across populations, exploitation intensity was tightly linked to interference intensity, and the form of this relationship follows from a simple model of interaction speeds. The variation in interference competition was as large across populations of Didinium as has been observed previously across species from a variety of taxa including birds, mammals, insects, crustaceans, flatworms and protists. The link between exploitation and interference competition alters our understanding of how interference competition influences population dynamics. Instead of simply stabilizing systems, variation in interference levels can shift population dynamics through qualitatively different regimes because of its association with exploitation competition. Strong interference competition pushes a system to a regime of deterministic extinction, but intermediate interference generates a system that is stable with a high competitive ability. This may help to explain why the distribution of interference values is unimodal and mostly intermediate in intensity.SynthesisExploitation and interference competition are typically viewed as separate processes. Exploitation is described with a functional response in which the inclusion of interference competition – the effect of predator density on foraging rates – is optional. Although recent work indicates that interference competition is widespread, there is little work linking the two forms of competition. In this article we present evidence that exploitation and interference competition are linked mechanistically through movement patterns that simultaneously generate beneficial interactions of consumers with resources and detrimental interactions with other consumers. This connection alters our view of the role that interference plays in ecological dynamics.
An insight into population structure and gene flow within pure‐bred cats
Authors: Leroy G. , Vernet E. , Pautet M.B. , Rognon X. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryInvestigation of genetic structure on the basis of pedigree information requires indicators adapted to the specific context of the populations studied. On the basis of pedigree‐based estimates of diversity, we analysed genetic diversity, mating practices and gene flow among eight cat populations raised in France, five of them being single breeds and three consisting of breed groups with varieties that may interbreed. When computed on the basis of coancestry rate, effective population sizes ranged from 127 to 1406, while the contribution of founders from other breeds ranged from 0.7 to 16.4%. In the five breeds, FIS ranged between 0.96 and 1.83%, with this result being related to mating practices such as close inbreeding (on average 5% of individuals being inbred within two generations). Within the three groups of varieties studied, FIT ranged from 1.59 to 3%, while values were estimated between 0.04 and 0.91%, which was linked to various amounts of gene exchanges between subpopulations at the parental level. The results indicate that cat breeds constitute populations submitted to low selection intensity, contrasting with relatively high individual inbreeding level caused by close inbreeding practices.
Overexpression of Smad2 inhibits proliferation of gingival epithelial cells
Authors: Shimoe M. , Yamamoto T. , Shiomi N. , Tomikawa K. , Hongo S. , Yamashiro K. , Yamaguchi T. , Maeda H. , Takashiba S. 
Published: June 2013

Background and ObjectiveSpatiotemporal inhibition of apical migration and proliferation of gingival epithelium are significant factors involved in periodontal regeneration. Transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) is important in multiple aspects of wound healing, and Smad2, a downstream transcription factor of TGF‐β, has an inhibitory effect on re‐epithelialization during gingival wound healing. Therefore, we investigated the effects on migration and proliferation status, and intra/extracellular signaling regulated by Smad2 overexpression in gingival epithelial cells.Material and MethodsGingival epithelial cells were isolated from the palatal gingival tissue of transgenic mice overexpressing Smad2 driven by the Keratin14 promoter. Smad2 expression was identified by western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Scratch assay and 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine staining were performed to assess cell migration and proliferation. To inactivate TGF‐β type I receptor, the cultures were supplemented with SB431542. Secreted TGF‐β was quantified by ELISA. Smad2 target gene expression was examined by real‐time RT‐PCR and in vivo immunofluorescence analysis of gingival junctional epithelium.ResultsSmad2‐overexpressing cells were confirmed to have significant phosphorylated Smad2 in the nucleus. Scratch assay and 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine staining indicated that Smad2‐overexpressing cells showed no significant differences in migration, but had reduced proliferation rates compared to wild‐type controls. SB431542 significantly inhibited Smad2 phosphorylation, which coincided with restoration of the proliferation rate in Smad2‐overexpressing cells. ELISA of TGF‐β release did not show any differences between genotypes. The cell cycle inhibitors, p15 and p21, showed significant upregulation in Smad2‐overexpressing cells compared to wild‐type controls. Moreover, junctional epithelium of the transgenic mice showed increased expression of P‐Smad2, p15 and p21.ConclusionThe signaling activation triggered by overexpression of Smad2 was dependent on TGF‐β type I receptor, and the activated Smad2 increased p15 and p21 expression, responsible for inhibiting cell cycle entry, resulting in antiproliferative effects on gingival epithelial cells. Understanding of Smad2‐induced signaling would be useful for possible clinical application to regulate gingival epithelial downgrowth.