bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State and Private Accountability through the Rapid Response Labour Mechanism
Authors: Banks Kevin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Rapid Response Labor Mechanism (RRLM or Mechanism) established under the new United States–Canada–Mexico Agreement (USMCA) provides for the first time in a free trade agreement (FTA), and in public international law, remedies aimed at private actors in response to labour rights denials by such actors. This innovation has been described as radical, and as holding the promise of transforming the lives of many Mexican workers. This chapter will examine the Mechanism and its potential to live up to such hopes and expectations. It will first unpack the structure of obligations and understandings that can be enforced through it, and briefly outline the procedures and remedies available for that purpose. It will identify both the specific purposes of the RRLM and the larger labour rights purposes of the Agreement that it seeks to advance. Finally, it will reflect on the Mechanism’s foreseeable impacts and effectiveness in achieving those purposes.
Interactions Between Free Trade Agreements’ Sustainability Provisions and WTO Law
Authors: Fukunaga Yuka 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines interactions between environmental sustainability provisions in free trade agreements (FTAs) and environmental sustainability developments in the World Trade Organization (WTO). While most FTA sustainability provisions remain ‘defensive’, the ‘offensive’ sustainability provisions included in FTAs that set sustainable development as a primary goal using trade as a tool to achieve it are increasing. Insufficient in themselves, sustainability provisions in FTAs must be supplemented by multilateral or plurilateral trade and sustainability instruments in the WTO, given the need for global collective effort to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This chapter argues that some ‘defensive’ sustainability provisions in FTAs reflect and build upon WTO dispute settlement practice; other ‘offensive’ sustainability provisions that do not exist in the WTO have been invented in some FTAs. It discusses how these FTA environmental sustainability provisions have promoted relevant initiatives in the WTO and whether they constitute building blocks for multilateral or plurilateral sustainability provisions.
Critical Minerals Strategies, Net Zero, and Natural Resources Law
Authors: Barton Barry 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A central feature of the drive towards a net zero economy is technology for renewable energy and for electrification such as in electric vehicles, and this technology requires more metals and a greater range of them than the equivalent fossil fuel technology. Demand for lithium, copper, cobalt, rare earth elements, and a number of other metals has soared, amid international concern with undue dependence on a few supplier nations. In response, a number of developed nations have produced critical minerals strategies, as an exercise of their sovereignty over natural resources. This chapter enquires into their character and the effect that the strategies may have on natural resources law, particularly mining law, and on environmental regulation and provision for the circular economy. It may be difficult to reconcile a surge in mining with the interests of the environment, communities and indigenous groups, so hard choices may lie ahead in living within planetary boundaries.
Gender Justice and Net Zero Energy Transition
Authors: Akinsemolu Adebukola Adenike , Nsoh Walters 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines gender-based vulnerabilities and risks in the net zero transition and how natural resources law and policy can address those barriers. Achieving a just energy transition requires a gender-just approach. For decades, international legal instruments have emphasized the need to integrate gender perspectives in climate action and development efforts. However, women in many parts of the world continue to face deep vulnerabilities and barriers in the net zero energy transition process due to existing legal and social norms that make it difficult for them to participate in and influence decision-making processes. Drawing lessons from emerging gender mainstreaming efforts in the United Kingdom, this chapter examines transformative law and policy approaches for advancing gender-just planning and decision-making in the net zero transition. It identifies legal and institutional barriers to gender-just net zero policies in natural resources sectors in Africa and the dynamic legal innovation required to address them.
Effects of Breast Surgery on Interoceptive Awareness in Females
Authors: Weis Lauren E , Akhter Haris M , Hon Heidi H , Johnson Perry J , Figy Sean C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The driving force for many seeking plastic surgery is comfort in one's body. Along with comfort come satisfaction, improved self-awareness, and potential change in interoceptive awareness—a term defined as the conscious perception of one's body. Although conscious perception of bodily signals is influenced by many factors, sense of self and body image play significant roles. Studies show diminished interoceptive awareness in those with negative body image, but no research has assessed the impact of change in body image on interoceptive awareness.

Objectives
The purpose of this study is to investigate how interoceptive awareness changes following elective breast surgery.

Methods
The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Version 2 (MAIA-2) was administered to females undergoing breast surgery. A baseline survey was administered preoperatively, with follow-up surveys at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively.

Results
Data were collected from 39 females and analyzed using paired t-tests to compare MAIA-2 overall and subscores over time. Significance was seen at 1 week for subcategories of “not distracting” and “trust,” at 1 month for “trust,” and 3 months for “not worrying,” “emotional awareness,” “self-regulation,” and “trust.” Overall survey averages were significantly increased at all postoperative intervals.

Conclusions
From this study, it can be concluded that breast surgery positively impacts interoceptive awareness. These findings are clinically relevant as they offer providers’ insight into the psychological effects of breast procedures. A comprehensive understanding of procedure outcomes enables providers to educate patients on both anticipated physical results and changes in sense of self.

Level of Evidence: 2
Pangenome graph layout by Path-Guided Stochastic Gradient Descent
Authors: Heumos Simon , Guarracino Andrea , Schmelzle Jan-Niklas M , Li Jiajie , Zhang Zhiru , Hagmann Jörg , Nahnsen Sven , Prins Pjotr , Garrison Erik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Motivation
The increasing availability of complete genomes demands for models to study genomic variability within entire populations. Pangenome graphs capture the full genomic similarity and diversity between multiple genomes. In order to understand them, we need to see them. For visualization, we need a human-readable graph layout: a graph embedding in low (e.g. two) dimensional depictions. Due to a pangenome graph’s potential excessive size, this is a significant challenge.

Results
In response, we introduce a novel graph layout algorithm: the Path-Guided Stochastic Gradient Descent (PG-SGD). PG-SGD uses the genomes, represented in the pangenome graph as paths, as an embedded positional system to sample genomic distances between pairs of nodes. This avoids the quadratic cost seen in previous versions of graph drawing by SGD. We show that our implementation efficiently computes the low-dimensional layouts of gigabase-scale pangenome graphs, unveiling their biological features.

Availability and implementation
We integrated PG-SGD in ODGI which is released as free software under the MIT open source license. Source code is available at https://github.com/pangenome/odgi.
Racial Disparities in Civilian Response to Police Use of Force: Evidence From London
Authors: Braakmann Nils 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study explores the impact of police use of force on civilian interactions with the police, focussing on neighbourhoods with different ethnic compositions across London. Analysing the effects of three notable police-induced civilian fatalities as well as monthly fluctuations in the Metropolitan Police Service’s use of force, I find a decrease in reported crime and the proportion of crime without a suspect in Black neighbourhoods. These patterns suggest avoidance of police engagement, especially for crimes less likely to be solved. Individual survey data suggests no changes in victimization probabilities for any ethnic group, suggesting that estimates are due to reporting behaviour.
Mental Health Workforce Knowledge about LGBTIQ Identities and Related Responsiveness: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Kennon Tiffany , Kilicaslan Jan , Petrakis Melissa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
LGBTIQ people are at greater risk of mental health challenges, compared to the general population, and are overrepresented in mental health services. Past research has sought to understand how mental health workforce rate their knowledge to meet the needs of LGBTIQ consumers. However, this past research has largely aggregated the LGBTIQ identities, despite evidence that rates of mental health challenges vary within the LGBTIQ community. Using semi-structured interviews, this study sought to explore how seven mental health staff members from an Australian public health service rated and described their knowledge to responsively meet the needs of the different LGBTIQ identities. While participants tended to rate and describe themselves as having some knowledge about most of the LGBTIQ identities, there was a divide between sexual orientation, gender identities and intersex variations, with the former typically being rated and described as being better understood. This is the first known study to place central focus on disaggregating the LGBTIQ identities in mental health research and provides initial insights into how mental health workforce rate and describe their knowledge for nuanced and responsive practice.
Atrial fibrillation burden: a new outcome predictor and therapeutic target
Authors: Becher Nina , Metzner Andreas , Toennis Tobias , Kirchhof Paulus , Schnabel Renate B 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, is not a dichotomous disease trait. Technological innovations enable long-term rhythm monitoring in many patients and can estimate AF burden. These technologies are already used to detect and monitor AF. This review describes the relation between AF burden and outcomes and potential effects of AF burden reduction. A lower AF burden is associated with a lower risk of stroke and heart failure in patients with AF: stroke risk without anticoagulation is lower in patients with device-detected AF and a low AF burden (stroke rate 1%/year) than in patients with persistent and permanent AF (stroke rate 3%/year). Paroxysmal AF shows intermediate stroke rates (2%/year). Atrial fibrillation burden–reducing interventions can reduce cardiovascular outcomes in patients with AF: early rhythm control reduces cardiovascular events including stroke and heart failure in patients with recently diagnosed AF and cardiovascular conditions. In patients with heart failure and AF, early rhythm control and AF ablation, interventions that reduce AF burden, reduce mortality and heart failure events. Recent technological innovations allow to estimate AF burden in clinical care, creating opportunities and challenges. While evidence remains limited, the existing data already suggest that AF burden reduction could be a therapeutic goal. In addition to anticoagulation and treatment of cardiovascular conditions, AF burden reduction emerges as a therapeutic goal. Future research will define the AF burden that constitutes a relevant risk of stroke and heart failure. Technologies quantifying AF burden need careful validation to advance the field.
The link between gene duplication and divergent patterns of gene expression across a complex life cycle
Authors: DuBose James G , de Roode Jacobus C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The diversification of many lineages throughout natural history has frequently been associated with evolutionary changes in life cycle complexity. However, our understanding of the processes that facilitate differentiation in the morphologies and functions expressed by organisms throughout their life cycles is limited. Theory suggests that the expression of traits is decoupled across life stages, thus allowing for their evolutionary independence. Although trait decoupling between stages is well established, explanations of how said decoupling evolves have seldom been considered. Because the different phenotypes expressed by organisms throughout their life cycles are coded for by the same genome, trait decoupling must be mediated through divergence in gene expression between stages. Gene duplication has been identified as an important mechanism that enables divergence in gene function and expression between cells and tissues. Because stage transitions across life cycles require changes in tissue types and functions, we investigated the potential link between gene duplication and expression divergence between life stages. To explore this idea, we examined the temporal changes in gene expression across the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) metamorphosis. We found that within homologous groups, more phylogenetically diverged genes exhibited more distinct temporal expression patterns. This relationship scaled such that more phylogenetically diverse homologous groups showed more diverse patterns of gene expression. Furthermore, we found that duplicate genes showed increased stage-specificity relative to singleton genes. Overall, our findings suggest an important link between gene duplication and the evolution of complex life cycles.
Areas of modernization of the system of training and certification of forensic experts in Ukraine based on the adaptation of foreign experience
Authors: Martynenko Nataliia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the existing system of training and certification of forensic experts in Ukraine and to the provision of proposals for its modernization, taking into account the positive experience in the field of forensic science of the USA, UK and some countries of the European Union. In Ukraine, the procedure for the training and certification of forensic experts is determined by ministries and other central executive authorities, which manage state specialized institutions that carry out forensic activities. A study of foreign experience in the training and certification of forensic experts made it possible to identify general and specific elements, sustain the benefits of the implemented measures, and formulate priorities and guidelines. The research resulted in the justification of the need to develop a single regulatory act that would determine the procedure for training, internships, and certification of forensic experts, as well as the creation of a single qualification body that would help ensure uniform approaches to determining the qualification of forensic experts working in state specialized forensic institutions, their territorial branches, expert institutions of municipal ownership, and forensic experts who are not employees of these institutions. It is proved that the development and implementation of uniform standards for training forensic experts on the basis of a centralized approach, regardless of where these specialists will work in the future, will help address the problem of training personnel. The author concludes that improving the quality of training, internship, and certification of forensic experts requires new approaches to organizational, economic, teaching, methodological, and technical provision. The author substantiates the need for fundamentally new forms of activity which will ensure the effectiveness and transparency of the assessment of knowledge by means of modern information technologies in the current reform environment. It is stated that Ukraine should raise the criteria for admission to the profession of a forensic expert. The author specifies the issues that need to be enshrined in law.

Key points
Improving signal-to-noise ratios of ambient noise cross-correlation functions using local attributes
Authors: He Bin , Zhu Hejun , Lumley David 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARY
For seismographic stations with short acquisition duration, the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of ambient noise cross-correlation functions (CCFs) are typically low, preventing us from accurately measuring surface wave dispersion curves or waveform characteristics. In addition, with noisy CCFs, it is difficult to extract relatively weak signals such as body waves. In this study, we propose to use local attributes to improve the SNRs of ambient noise CCFs, which allows us to enhance the quality of CCFs for stations with limited acquisition duration. Two local attributes: local cross-correlation and local similarity, are used in this study. The local cross-correlation allows us to extend the dimensionality of daily CCFs with computational costs similar to global cross-correlation. Taking advantage of this extended dimensionality, the local similarity is then used to measure non-stationary similarity between the extended daily CCFs with a reference trace, which enables us to design better stacking weights to enhance coherent features and attenuate incoherent background noises. Ambient noise recorded by several broad-band stations from the USArray in North Texas and Oklahoma, the Superior Province Rifting EarthScope Experiment in Minnesota and Wisconsin and a high-frequency nodal array deployed in the northern Los Angeles basin are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach for improving the SNR of CCFs.
Azimuth correction for passive surface wave dispersion based on polarization analysis
Authors: Hong Yu , Xia Jianghai , Zhang Hao , Pang Jingyin , Guan Bo , Zhou Jie , Ma Yulong 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARY
Passive surface wave methods have found extensive application in near-surface investigation due to their benefits of low costs, non-invasiveness and high accuracy. Linear arrays are usually adopted in urban environments for their convenience and efficiency. However, the distribution of noise sources in densely populated urban areas varies rapidly in time and space, making it challenging to estimate accurate dispersion spectra using a linear array. To solve this problem, we propose a polarization analysis-based azimuthal correction method. We first obtain the azimuth of each segment by calculating the correlation coefficient of three-component ambient noise data. The normalized correlation coefficient is then applied for quality control to select reliable segments. For selected segments, the overestimated velocity caused by directional sources are corrected to obtain accurate dispersion spectra. A synthetic test is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of our method. Compared with the dispersion spectra obtained without any correction, the dispersion spectra obtained following the suggested scheme are more consistent with the theoretical dispersion curves. Two real-world examples at crossroads show the superiority of the proposed technique in obtaining higher resolution dispersion energy and more accurate phase velocities. In addition, our approach can attenuate the artefacts and improve the dispersion measurements.
The Warsaw Ghetto Poet—Zionist? Revisionist? ŻZW Member? On the Ideological Context and National Outlook of Władysław Szlengel
Authors: Suede Yossi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the cultural and ideological representation of the Jewish Polish poet Władysław Szlengel in historical and historiographic research. The author maintains that while many researchers have described Szlengel as universal, cosmopolitan, sympathetic to assimilation, with socialist leanings, or, at least, apolitical or indifferent toward the national issue, the “Warsaw Ghetto poet” in fact had firm Zionist-Revisionist leanings before the war, and was connected to the Betar-founded1 Jewish Military Union (Żydowski Związek Wojskowy, ŻZW) underground during the war and Warsaw Ghetto uprising. Thus, the author presents evidence and quotations previously unexplored in the field, which shed new light on the life and works of Szlengel.
Relevance and regulation of alternative splicing in plant secondary metabolism: current understanding and future directions
Authors: Xu Zihan , Xiao Ying , Guo Jinlin , Lv Zongyou , Chen Wansheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The secondary metabolism of plants is an essential life process enabling organisms to navigate various stages of plant development and cope with ever-changing environmental stresses. Secondary metabolites, abundantly found in nature, possess significant medicinal value. Among the regulatory mechanisms governing these metabolic processes, alternative splicing stands out as a widely observed post-transcriptional mechanism present in multicellular organisms. It facilitates the generation of multiple mRNA transcripts from a single gene by selecting different splicing sites. Selective splicing events in plants are widely induced by various signals, including external environmental stress and hormone signals. These events ultimately regulate the secondary metabolic processes and the accumulation of essential secondary metabolites in plants by influencing the synthesis of primary metabolites, hormone metabolism, biomass accumulation, and capillary density. Simultaneously, alternative splicing plays a crucial role in enhancing protein diversity and the abundance of the transcriptome. This paper provides a summary of the factors inducing alternative splicing events in plants and systematically describes the progress in regulating alternative splicing with respect to different secondary metabolites, including terpenoid, phenolic compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds. Such elucidation offers critical foundational insights for understanding the role of alternative splicing in regulating plant metabolism and presents novel avenues and perspectives for bioengineering.