bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristic calcification behavior of five surgical aortic valve bioprostheses models: An in vitro study
Authors: Sadat Najla , Lojenburg John H. , Scharfschwerdt Michael , Klinger Matthias , Fujita Buntaro , Ensminger Stephan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe durability of surgical aortic valve bioprostheses (SAV) is limited by the calcification of the leaflets, which results in degeneration. In clinical routine, there seems to be substantial variability in the degeneration of specific SAV models. Our study aims to establish an in vitro calcification model for prosthetic valves, characterizing the calcification behavior of different SAVs.MethodsFive commercially available SAV models (Epic™ Supra, Freestyle®, Intuity®, Perimount®, and Trifecta™) were perfused with double‐distilled water and physiological buffer with a defined calcium concentration (CaCl2 = 1.5 mM) at 37°C over 32.9 million cycles in a Hi‐Cycle tester which corresponds to approximately 1 patient‐year (calcified group). Untreated prosthetic valves served as the negative control group (noncalcified group). Calcium titration, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histological examination, and tissue thickness measurements were performed to evaluate noncalcified and calcified SAVs (n = 10).ResultsTreatment in the Hi‐Cycle tester with calcification buffer maintained significantly higher calcium absorption of SAVs compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Additionally, hydroxyapatite crystals were found in the calcified SAV in SEM. Porcine valves rarely demonstrated punctual calcification pattern, while bovine pericardial valves presented distinct planar calcification pattern in histological examination. Further, calcification content differed significantly depending on the SAV model, with the highest calcium content in Trifecta (213 µg/cm2) and the lowest in Epic Supra (8 µg/cm2) (p < 0.001).ConclusionData from our study revealed significant differences in leaflet calcification for the various aortic valve bioprostheses models. Further studies are necessary to investigate whether these findings can mimic the clinical data of the implanted prostheses.
Heat transfer analysis of nanofluid flow with entropy generation in a corrugated heat exchanger channel partially filled with porous medium
Authors: Mezaache A. , Mebarek‐Oudina F. , Vaidya H. , Fouad Y. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHeat exchanger research is mainly exploited to develop and optimize new engineering systems with high thermal efficiency. Passive methods based on nanofluids, fins, wavy walls, and the porous medium are the most attractive ways to achieve this goal. This investigation focuses on heat transfer and entropy production in a nanofluid laminar flow inside a plate corrugated channel (PCC). The channel geometry comprises three sections, partially filled with a porous layer located at the intermediate corrugate channel section. The physical modeling is based on the laminar, two‐dimensional Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer formulation for nanofluid flow and the local thermal equilibrium model for the heat equation, including the viscous dissipation term. Numerical solutions were obtained using ANSYS Fluent software based on the finite volume technique and the appropriate meshed geometries. The numerical results are validated with theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies. The simulations are performed for CuO–water nanofluid and AISI 304 porous medium. The coupled effects of porous layer thickness (δ), Reynolds number (Re), and nanoparticle fraction (φ) on velocity, streamlines, isotherm contours, Nusselt number (Nu), and entropy generation (S) are analyzed and illustrated. The simulation results demonstrate that heat transfer enhancement in clear PCC can be achieved using a porous layer insert. For the porous thickness range of [0.1–0.6], the corresponding range of average Nusselt number increase is [35.7%–176.9%], and the average entropy generation is [105.4%–771.9%]. The effect of the Reynolds number is more important in a porous duct than in a clear one. For δ = 0.4 and φ = 5%, the increase of Re in the range of [200–500] induces an increase in average Nusselt number in the range of [80.9%–108.4%] and average entropy in [222.9%–309.1%] comparatively to clear PCC. The effect of φ is practically the same for porous and clear channels. For φ = 5%, the increase on average Nu is about 9%, and entropy generation is 5%. Accordingly, important improvements in heat transfer in PCC can be achieved through the combined effect of flow Reynolds number and porous layer thickness.
A simple graphical method for sizing flat‐plate solar air heaters based on transversal and longitudinal aspect ratios
Authors: Mzad Hocine , Bennour Fethi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSolar air heaters (SAHs) are widely used for drying vegetables and fruits or for domestic heating. Certain sizing parameters are necessary to obtain the right dimensions for the required air temperature, flow rate, and thus useful thermal energy. The well‐known Hottel–Whillier–Bliss equation was used and made dimensionless by applying the collector longitudinal and transversal aspect ratios (rl and rt) of a double‐glazed flat plate solar air heater (DG‐FPSAH). The steady‐state equations are solved to determine the average temperatures. Thereafter, one could calculate the overall loss heat coefficient and efficiency factor, obtained analytically. A Matlab code was developed to estimate primarily unknown temperatures, useful energy, and the Nusselt number. An iterative numerical method is used until convergence occurs. The inlet cross‐sectional area and air flow velocity are defined as input data. The proposed sizing method depends on the output temperature required by the customer. This temperature can be determined from the plotted curves of the dimensionless ratios. Hence, the SAH‐needed dimensions are determined graphically depending on the functional requirements for construction planning, such as technology choice, work breakdown, and budgeting. In the present case study, based on the input parameters, an airflow rate of 1.2 kg/s entering a DG‐FPSAH with an output temperature of 41.5°C yields the dimensions of Lin = 3.824 m, Win = 2.735 m, and Hin = 0.1825, specifying the collector length, width, and air duct height. The gathered energy and thermohydraulic efficiency are: Qu = 7.91 kW, ηcol = 0.752, respectively.
Hydrohill: A landmark public work created by Wei‐Zu Gu that advances experimental hydrology
Authors: Liao Aimin , Liu Jiufu , Zhang Jianyun , Lin Jin , Liu Hongwei , Ma Tao , Wang Yue , Wang Wenzhong , Hu Pengcheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydrology has a long history, but is still considered a young science due to its lack of a solid scientific foundation as a natural science. Field experimentation is crucial when investigating hydrological processes and mechanisms, and is essential if hydrology is to have a solid, science‐based foundation. Professor Wei‐Zu Gu (1932–2022) was an internationally renowned scientist in the field of hydrology and is recognized as the greatest pioneer of experimental hydrology and isotope hydrology in China. He created the Hydrohill experimental catchment, which serves as both a great public facility for experimental hydrology and a valuable legacy for researchers that will enable them to conduct advanced hydrological experiments in the future. This legacy consists of innovative infrastructure that bridges the gap between natural watershed experiments and artificial physical models. The Hydrohill is an intensively instrumented experimental catchment that allows different elements of the hydrological cycle and their tracing indicators to be comprehensively measured. To provide an in‐depth understanding of the Hydrohill, this paper presents a short history of the site, its experimental objectives, a site description (including location, construction and instrumentation), site conditions (such as soil, hydrological and meteorological properties), and its contributions to hydrological science. We acknowledge Professor Gu for creating the Hydrohill experimental hydrology facility and enhancing our understanding of hydrological processes and mechanisms. Finally, we hope that Chuzhou Scientific Hydrology Laboratory, along with support from Professor Gu's friends, will ensure the continued growth of the Hydrohill so that it can address unsolved problems in hydrology.
Impact of partial prelabor rupture of membranes at term on labor and on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Bomal Ambre‐Marie , Faurant Marie‐Charlotte , El Hachem Hady , Vielle Bruno , Gillard Philippe , Madzou Sébastien , Biquard Florence , Legendre Guillaume , Bouet Pierre‐Emmanuel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess whether a partial term prelabor rupture of membranes (partial TPROM) had an impact on the spontaneous onset of labor compared to complete TPROM.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study in a French level III maternity hospital. We included all singleton cephalic pregnancies presenting with prelabor rupture of membranes ≥37 weeks gestational age. Patients with a partial TPROM (P group) were compared to patients with a complete TPROM (C group). Induction of labor was performed following expectative management of 24–48 h, and antibiotic prophylaxis was started 12 h after rupture. Our main outcome measure was the rate of patients who had spontaneous labor 24 h following prelabor rupture.ResultsOverall, 389 women were included in the study, 148 in the P group, 241 in the C group. The proportion of women who went into spontaneous labor in the 24 h following TPROM was significantly lower in the P group (45% vs 64%, P < 0.001). A partial TPROM was a predictive factor for absence of labor at 24 h following rupture (adjusted odds ratio: 0.44 [0.29–0.68]). There were more cases of induction of labor (50% vs 20%, P < 0.001) and antibiotic prophylaxis (91% vs 73%, P < 0.001) in the P group. However, obstetrical and neonatal outcomes were comparable between the two groups.ConclusionCompared to complete TPROM, partial TPROM is associated with a lower probability of spontaneous labor in the 24 h following rupture. The persistence of a residual membrane has been identified as a risk factor for delaying labor beyond 24 h.
Exploring the role of artificial intelligence, large language models: Comparing patient‐focused information and clinical decision support capabilities to the gynecologic oncology guidelines
Authors: Reicher Lee , Lutsker Guy , Michaan Nadav , Grisaru Dan , Laskov Ido 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGynecologic cancer requires personalized care to improve outcomes. Large language models (LLMs) hold the potential to provide intelligent question‐answering with reliable information about medical queries in clear and plain English, which can be understood by both healthcare providers and patients. We aimed to evaluate two freely available LLMs (ChatGPT and Google's Bard) in answering questions regarding the management of gynecologic cancer. The LLMs' performances were evaluated by developing a set questions that addressed common gynecologic oncologic findings from a patient's perspective and more complex questions to elicit recommendations from a clinician's perspective. Each question was presented to the LLM interface, and the responses generated by the artificial intelligence (AI) model were recorded. The responses were assessed based on the adherence to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and European Society of Gynecological Oncology guidelines. This evaluation aimed to determine the accuracy and appropriateness of the information provided by LLMs. We showed that the models provided largely appropriate responses to questions regarding common cervical cancer screening tests and BRCA‐related questions. Less useful answers were received to complex and controversial gynecologic oncology cases, as assessed by reviewing the common guidelines. ChatGPT and Bard lacked knowledge of regional guideline variations, However, it provided practical and multifaceted advice to patients and caregivers regarding the next steps of management and follow up. We conclude that LLMs may have a role as an adjunct informational tool to improve outcomes.
Space‐to‐tree: Architectural framework for real‐time monitoring of pines in natural and historical park
Authors: Fiorentino Costanza , AbdelRahman Mohamed A. E. , D'Antonio Paola , Toscano Francesco , Sannino Maura , Abate Nicodemo , Conte Domenico , Lasaponara Rosa , Masini Nicola 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe conservation and promotion of natural and cultural heritage, including landscapes, constitutes a subject of great economic and social importance. In recent times, there has been an increasing emphasis on the debate around strategies for developing an integrated approach to environmental and cultural heritage. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has highlighted these challenges in its conventions, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to protect cultural heritage. The European Space Agency project “From space to Tree” (S23) aimed to develop an alert system for real‐time monitoring of trees stability. The experimental site was the Archaeological Park of Colosseum in Rome. Inside the park there are countless pine trees of historical‐cultural interest. The System and Service Architecture (SSA) describes the structure of the pilot system, detailing the high‐level architecture and its constituent components. The monitoring system follows an integrated multi‐scale approach and combines the health status of trees monitored by multi‐temporal Sentinel‐2 remote sensing images, the movements of the trees in response to wind stress, monitored by four inertial measurement units (IMUs) installed at different heights on each individual tree to detect its movement in response to wind stress, a weather station equipped with an ultrasonic anemometer and the in‐field surveys and analyzes carried out by expert forestry agronomists. The acquired data is transmitted in real time to a dedicated server, by using the 5G network. Results show that data transmission system becomes more complex as the number of monitored trees increases, consequently the transmission system was designed taking this criticality into account. The data are displayed and analyzed in a dedicated Web‐GIS platform. The experimentation is still ongoing, during the first experimental year, the analysis algorithm was trained in the first 6 months. During the test period, an alert is generated when changes are found in the behavior of the pines, based on remote sensing images and trees' response to wind stress analysis, compared to the training period.
A novel oral medicine‐centered interprofessional curricular initiative to promote collaboration and build oral health capacity
Authors: Fatahzadeh Mahnaz , Sabato Emily , Singhal Vaishali , Wagner Mary , Fenesy Kim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionOral physicians should possess knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for functioning in the evolving integrated care systems. Paramount for addressing the existing oral health disparities is also adequate training of non‐dental health professionals in the foundations of oral health. We conducted interprofessional oral medicine‐centered case conferences to prepare dental students for collaborative care and to increase awareness of non‐dental students about the mouth‐body connection. Herein, we share our perspective and the students’ feedback about this educational program.MethodsStudents from seven health profession and social work programs attended an interactive, online oral medicine‐centered case conference facilitated by an oral medicine faculty and at least one faculty from another profession. Faculty facilitators guided students to identify key points and encouraged team‐based care. Anonymous, voluntary online surveys were distributed to participants immediately after each session. Descriptive data tabulated and analyzed.ResultsA total of 151 students participated in conferences between 11/11/2022 and 3/24/2023 and 132 (87%) submitted postexperience surveys. Students agreed that the case conference was applicable to their profession (95%) and meaningful (94%), they learned new information about other professions (94%), they could contribute to discussions (90%), interactions were respectful (99%), and discussions emphasized interprofessional collaboration (96%). Non‐dental respondents learned more about oral‐systemic link (95%), recognized a broader role for dentists (90%), and agreed with inclusion of more oral health content in their curricula (79%).ConclusionOral medicine‐centered case conferences provided an effective curricular path for demonstrating oral‐systemic connection, promoting meaningful interprofessional collaboration, and building oral health capacity among students of non‐dental health professions.
Developmental gene expression in the eyes of the pygmy squid Xipholeptos notoides
Authors: Koller David , Kocot Kevin M. , Degnan Bernard M. , Wollesen Tim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe eyes of squids, octopuses, and cuttlefish are a textbook example for evolutionary convergence, due to their striking similarity to those of vertebrates. For this reason, studies on cephalopod photoreception and vision are of importance for a broader audience. Previous studies showed that genes such as pax6, or certain opsin‐encoding genes, are evolutionarily highly conserved and play similar roles during ontogenesis in remotely related bilaterians. In this study, genes that encode photosensitive proteins and Reflectins are identified and characterized. The expression patterns of rhodopsin, xenopsin, retinochrome, and two reflectin genes have been visualized in developing embryos of the pygmy squid Xipholeptos notoides by in situ hybridization experiments. Rhodopsin is not only expressed in the retina of X. notoides but also in the olfactory organ and the dorsal parolfactory vesicles, the latter a cephalopod apomorphy. Both reflectin genes are expressed in the eyes and in the olfactory organ. These findings corroborate previous studies that found opsin genes in the transcriptomes of the eyes and several extraocular tissues of various cephalopods. Expression of rhodopsin, xenopsin, retinochrome, and the two reflectin genes in the olfactory organ is a finding that has not been described so far. In other organisms, it has been shown that Retinochrome and Rhodopsin proteins are obligatorily associated with each other as both molecules rely on each other for Retinal isomerisation. In addition, we demonstrate that retinochrome is expressed in the retina of X. notoides and in the olfactory organ. This study shows numerous new expression patterns for Opsin‐encoding genes in organs that have not been associated with photoreception before, suggesting that either Opsins may not only be involved in photoreception or organs such as the olfactory organ are involved in photoreception.
The association between adherence to antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression under dolutegravir‐based regimens: an observational cohort study from Uganda
Authors: Wagner Zachary , Wang Zetianyu , Stecher Chad , Karamagi Yvonne , Odiit Mary , Haberer Jessica E. , Linnemayr Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionMillions of people living with HIV (PLWH) take oral antiretroviral therapy (ART), which requires a lifetime of consistent medication adherence. The relationship between adherence and poor HIV outcomes is well documented. Newer ART regimens that include dolutegravir (DTG) could be more forgiving, but empirical evidence on the relationship between adherence and viral suppression under DTG is only emerging.MethodsIn this observational cohort study (secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial), we used data from 313 ART clients from a large HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda. Over the 4‐year study period (January 2018–January 2022), 91% switched from non‐DTG regimens to DTG regimens. We measured adherence using Medication Event Monitoring Systems‐caps and extracted prescription information and viral load measures from electronic health records. We estimated unadjusted linear regressions and adjusted models that included individual and time fixed‐effects.ResultsUnder non‐DTG regimens, 96% of participants were virally suppressed (defined as viral load < 200 copies/ml) when adherence was 90% or higher in the 3 months before viral load measurement. Viral suppression was 32 percentage points lower when adherence was between 0% and 49% (95% CI −0.44, −0.20, p < 0.01), 12 percentage points lower when adherence was between 50% and 79% (95% CI −0.23, −0.02, p < 0.01), and not significantly different when adherence was between 80% and 89% (effect of 0.00, 95% CI −0.06, 0.07, p = 0.81). In contrast, for participants taking DTG, there was no statistically significant difference in viral suppression among any of the four adherence levels; more than 95% were virally suppressed at each adherence level. On average, switching to DTG increased viral suppression by 6 percentage points in our adjusted models (95% CI 0.00, 0.13, p = 0.03).ConclusionsThere was no significant association between adherence levels and viral suppression among PLWH taking DTG regimens, suggesting a high degree of forgiveness for missed doses. The use of DTG should be prioritized over older regimens, particularly for those with low adherence.Clinical Trial NumberNCT03494777.
The effect of radiation or chemotherapy on the local recurrence, overall survival, and distant metastasis in patients with myxofibrosarcoma: A systematic review
Authors: Tibbo Meagan E. , Landau Rebecca , Markowitz Moses I. , Abuodeh Yousef , Thomas Temple H. , Crawford Brooke 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesManagement of myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is widely debated, and there is no consensus regarding the effect of adjuvant therapies on local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis (DM), or overall survival (OS). This study aims to determine the effect of adjuvant therapies on the aforementioned outcomes in patients with MFS.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review via Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar. Therapeutic studies that reported LR, DM, and OS following adjuvant therapies in patients with MFS were included. Statistical analysis and creation of hazard ratios were performed using Revman 5.3 (Cochrane Collaboration).ResultsWe identified 301 studies, 10 of which were included in the final analysis. Neither chemotherapy nor radiation affected the rate of LR (p = 0.73 and 0.17, respectively) or OS (p = 0.97 and 0.27, respectively). Chemotherapy was significantly associated with lower rates of DM (p = 0.03); however, there was no association between radiation and DM (p = 0.67).ConclusionThere is a lack of consensus regarding the effect of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies on LR, DM, and OS in patients with MFS. Our systematic review found that radiation and chemotherapy were not significantly associated with OS or LR in patients with MFS. However, we identified a significant association between chemotherapy and lower rates of DM.