bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Huge clusters of embryonic stem cells in human embryos: A morphologic study
Authors: Terada Tadashi 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTBackground: Nothing is known about huge clusters (HC) of embryonic stem cells (ESC) in human fetal organs (HFO). Aim: To know the status of HC‐ESC in HFO. Methods: Morphology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 32 HFO of 7–40 gestational weeks (GW). Results: HC‐ESC were seen in many HFO including central nervous system, spinal cords, spine, soft tissue, bone, skin, thyroid, lung, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, extrahepatic bile duct, adrenal, kidney, bladder, foregut, midgut, hindgut, female and male genital organs, and neurons. HC‐ESC's were composed of two populations depending on constituting cells. One were large cells with ample acidophilic cytoplasms with vesicular nuclei and nucleoli. The other were small cells with scant cytoplasm with hyperchromatic nuclei without nucleoli, resembling lymphocytes. The HC‐ESC were frequently showed neuronal differentiation. HC‐ESC were positive for NCAM, synaptophysin, NSE, chromogranin, PDGFRA, AFP, ErbB2, bcl‐2, KIT, MET. They were negative for CD45, CD3, CD20, EMA, CEA, CA19‐9, cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK8, CK18, CK19, MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6. The mean Ki‐67 labeling index (LI) was 13% ± 7%. HC‐ESC showed a little glycogen but lacked mucins. These HC‐ESC were seen in 7–25 GW, and they were rarely seen in 26–40 GW. Conclusions: The morphology, IHC, and ontogeny of HC‐ESC were described. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:825–831, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radiation dose in coronary angiography and intervention: initial results from the establishment of a multi‐centre diagnostic reference level in Queensland public hospitals
Authors: Crowhurst James A. , Whitby Mark , Thiele David , Halligan Toni , Westerink Adam , Crown Suzanne , Milne Jillian 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIntroductionRadiation dose to patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is relatively high. Guidelines suggest that a local benchmark or diagnostic reference level (DRL) be established for these procedures. This study sought to create a DRL for ICA procedures in Queensland public hospitals.MethodsData were collected for all Cardiac Catheter Laboratories in Queensland public hospitals. Data were collected for diagnostic coronary angiography (CA) and single‐vessel percutaneous intervention (PCI) procedures. Dose area product (PKA), skin surface entrance dose (KAR), fluoroscopy time (FT), and patient height and weight were collected for 3 months. The DRL was set from the 75th percentile of the PKA.Results2590 patients were included in the CA group where the median FT was 3.5 min (inter‐quartile range = 2.3–6.1). Median KAR = 581 mGy (374–876). Median PKA = 3908 uGym2 (2489–5865) DRL = 5865 uGym2. 947 patients were included in the PCI group where median FT was 11.2 min (7.7–17.4). Median KAR = 1501 mGy (928–2224). Median PKA = 8736 uGym2 (5449–12,900) DRL = 12,900 uGym2.ConclusionThis study established a benchmark for radiation dose for diagnostic and interventional coronary angiography in Queensland public facilities.
Bayesian space–time model to analyse frost risk for agriculture in Southeast Australia
Authors: Crimp Steven , Bakar Khandoker Shuvo , Kokic Philip , Jin Huidong , Nicholls Neville , Howden Mark 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTDespite a broad pattern of warming in minimum temperatures over the past 50 years, regions of southeastern Australia have experienced increases in frost frequency in recent decades, and more broadly across southern Australia, an extension of the frost window due to an earlier onset and later cessation. Consistent across southern Australia is a later cessation of frosts, with some areas of southeastern Australia experiencing the last frost an average 4 weeks later than in the 1960s (i.e. mean date of last frost for the period 1960–1970 was 19 September versus 22 October for the period 2000–2009). We seek to model the spatial changes in frosts for a region exhibiting the strongest individual station trends, i.e. northern Victoria and southern New South Wales. We identify statistically significant trends at low‐lying stations for the month of August and construct and validate a Bayesian space–time model of minimum temperatures, using rates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as other well‐understood causal factors including solar radiation, the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO 3.4) and times series data relating to the position (STRP) and intensity (STRI) of subtropical highs and blocking high pressure systems. We assess the performance of this modelling approach against observational records as well as against additive and linear regression modelling approaches using root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) as well as false alarm and hit rate metrics. The spatiotemporal modelling approach demonstrated considerably better predictive skill than the others, with enhanced performance across all the metrics analysed. This enhanced performance was consistent across each decade and for temperature extremes below 2 °C.
The role of microbes in the pathogenesis of acute rhinosinusitis in young adults
Authors: Autio Timo J. , Tapiainen Terhi , Koskenkorva Timo , Närkiö Mervi , Lappalainen Maija , Nikkari Simo , Hemmilä Heidi , Koskela Katja A. , Koskela Markku , Koivunen Petri , Alho Olli‐Pekka 
Published: August 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo provide information on the course of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) with sequential nasal and paranasal microbiological data and their correlation with clinical outcomes.Study DesignWe conducted a prospective cohort study among 50 Finnish military recruits with clinically diagnosed ARS in spring 2012.MethodsWe collected symptom, nasal endoscopy, and cone‐beam CT (CBCT) scores during the early (2–3 days from onset) and later phases (9–10 days). We took viral samples from the nasopharynx (multiplex respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), bacterial culture from the middle meatus during both phases, and both viral and bacterial samples from the maxillary sinus aspirate (respiratory virus PCR, bacterial culture, broad‐range bacterial PCR) during the later phase. Cilia destruction and microbial biofilms were sought from a nasal mucosal biopsy sample.ResultsWe found that 42 (84%) of the subjects had viral nucleic acid in the nasopharynx during ARS. During the early phase, 28 (56%) of the subjects had nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) in the middle meatus, which was associated with wider paranasal mucosal changes in CBCT scans and increased symptoms during the study period. After 9 to 10 days from the onset, NTHi was found in the maxillary sinus in eight subjects (40%, 8/20) and led to prolonged symptoms. Bacterial biofilm was ruled out in 39 (78%) cases, and cilia destruction did not correlate with microbiological or clinical outcomes.ConclusionNasal and paranasal H. influenzae coinfection during viral infection may modify the symptoms and the extent of sinonasal mucosal disease observed in CBCT scans already from the beginning of the ARS episode.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 125:E1–E7, 2015
Myovascular innervation: Axon loss in small‐fiber neuropathies
Authors: Dori Amir , Lopate Glenn , Keeling Richard , Pestronk Alan 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionVascular denervation occurs in some neuropathies, but measurement of small perivascular axons has been difficult.MethodsWe evaluated 31 consecutive patients who had both muscle and skin biopsies. We quantitated myovascular innervation by staining unmyelinated axons with peripherin and non‐myelinating Schwann cells with neural cell adhesion molecule and comparing their areas.ResultsPerivascular unmyelinated axon−Schwann (UAS) ratios correlated with axon density in skin (r = 0.679; P < 0.0001). Low UAS ratios (≤0.25) had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 91% for a clinical diagnosis of small‐fiber neuropathy (P < 0.0001). Autonomic features were more common in patients with low perivascular UAS ratios (P = 0.002). A patient subgroup with myovascular, but not skin, denervation commonly had muscle discomfort and autonomic features.ConclusionsUAS ratio measurements, comparing axons and associated non‐myelinating Schwann cells, can quantitate perivascular innervation. Small‐fiber neuropathies are often associated with myovascular denervation. Some patients with muscle discomfort have selective myovascular denervation. Muscle Nerve 51: 514–521, 2015
Ultra simple way to encrypt non‐volatile main memory
Authors: Hou Fangyong , He Hongjun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBuilding non‐volatile main memory (NVMM) systems requires the memory data to be encrypted to remedy the potential security vulnerability caused by the non‐volatile property of NVMM. Existing solutions still have shortcomings as vulnerability of security, inadequate optimizing of performance, and other limitations hold back their deployment into real systems. This paper proposes an address‐based counter mode encrypted NVMM system. It constructs a stand‐alone memory‐side secure engine to make counter mode encryption and maintains the crucial encryption parameter of counter by adopting the address‐based strategy. Compared with existing techniques, it provides the distinct advantages of: (1) higher assurance of security through encrypting any data at any time; (2) better performance, as nearly all of the encryption/decryption latencies are removed; (3) good feasibility due to the lowest‐level protection, ultra simple structure with low implementation cost, as well as no need for further adjustments, and it can also be made available for a wide range of target platforms; (4) helpful to improve the lifetime of NVMM without side‐effects to wear‐leveling techniques. Performance evaluation shows the overall performance slowdown has an average value of 0.072%, which proves the proposed method is an effectual way to implement data protection for NVMM systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neue Ansätze für den Nachweis von zylindrischen Grout‐Verbindungen von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Mittelstaedt Marc , Ertel Christian , Klose Marcus , Probst Tom 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDas Tragverhalten und die Bemessung von Grout‐Verbindungen von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen ist Gegenstand gegenwärtiger Forschungsvorhaben, wie beispielsweise dem Projekt GROWup, und noch nicht hinreichend geregelt. Derzeit existieren mehrere Regelwerke und Leitfäden, welche in Folge von berichteten Schäden an Grout‐Verbindungen aus dem Jahre 2009 überarbeitet werden.Dieser Artikel behandelt im Wesentlichen Inhalte der Technical Note for the Certification of Grouted Connections for Offshore Wind Turbines [1]. Die Technical Note (TN) fasst den aktuellen Stand der Forschung zusammen und gibt neue Bemessungskonzepte an, die eine sichere und ökonomische Bemessung der Grout‐Verbindung gewährleisten sollen. Sie soll als erster Schritt in Richtung einer angestrebten Normenharmonisierung dienen, um eine einheitliche, wissenschaftlich abgesicherte Bemessung von Grout‐Verbindungen im Offshore Windsektor zu erreichen.New approaches for the verification of cylindrical grouted connections of offshore wind energy turbines. The bearing behavior and the assessment of grouted connections of offshore wind turbines is subject of research (e. g. the GROWup project) and not uniformly regulated in existing rules and standards. As a consequence of sliding damages at a number of offshore wind farms reported in 2009 existing rules and standards have been reviewed.This article basically deals with the content of the Technical Note for the Certification of Grouted Connections for Offshore Wind Turbines [1]. The technical note (TN) describes the current state‐of‐the‐art for the application of grouted connections under consideration of the latest state of research. Also new approaches were introduced to ensure a safe and economic assessment. The aim is to reach a harmonized standard for the design of grouted connections.
Basketballhalle Dongguan
Authors: Plieninger Sven , Mühlberger Jörg , Chen Wei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn Dongguan im Süden Chinas wurde nach mehrjähriger Bauzeit nun eine der modernsten Basketballhallen in China fertiggestellt. Basketball hat in China und Dongguan einen hohen Stellenwert und so fasst die neue Halle 15000 Zuschauer und ist in ihren Abmessungen und auch von der Ausstattung her mit einer modernen NBA Halle in den USA vergleichbar. Gleichzeitig soll sie, wie immer in China, eine möglichst positive und einmalige architektonische Erscheinung haben. Die Arena greift daher das Bild des Basketballkorbes auf, bestehend aus einer ringförmigen Dachstruktur, die eine Kombination aus Hängetragwerk und Stahlfachwerk darstellt, und das charakteristische Netz, das die Hallenfassade bildet. Diese doppelt gekrümmte Seilnetzfassade stellt wohl derzeit die längste Fassade ihrer Art in der Welt dar und ist das konstruktive Highlight des Projektes.Dongguan basketball stadium ‐ the supposedly longest cablenet façade of the world. Dongguan, South of China, has recently seen the completion of one of the most modern basketball arenas in China. At a capacity of 15.000 spectators, it illustrates the great importance of basketball in China and Dongguan in particular. Its dimensions and state‐of‐the‐art facilities are comparable to those of modern NBA stadia. Its elaborate design, the result of several years on‐site, apprehends the aspiration for positive and unique design omnipresent in China. The design tentatively evokes the image of a basketball hoop: The circular perimeter of the concentric roof structure, a combination of funicular form and steel trusses serves to suspend a light‐weight net, the building’s façade. This filigree, doubly‐curved cable net façade is probably the largest of its kind in the world and the constructional highlight of the project.
Berechnungsverfahren für biegebeanspruchte Grouted Joints in Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Schaumann Peter , Bechtel Anne , Lochte‐Holtgreven Stephan , Wilke Fabian 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGrout‐Verbindungen als hybride Rohr‐in‐Rohr‐Steckverbindungen mit hochfester Vergussbetonfuge werden vielfach in Monopile‐Tragstrukturen für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen eingesetzt. Gegenüber Grouted Joints in Jackets oder Tripods werden die Verbindungen in Monopiles überwiegend auf Biegung beansprucht. Etablierte Berechnungsverfahren liegen derzeit nur in begrenztem Umfang vor. Neben Ingenieurmodellen, die auf Grundlage der linearen Schalentheorie Spannungs‐ und Verzerrungszustände in der Verbindung vereinfacht approximieren, wurden in den letzten Jahren numerische Berechnungsverfahren entwickelt, die die geometrischen und materiellen Nichtlinearitäten biegebeanspruchter Verbindungen berücksichtigen. In diesem Beitrag werden drei Berechnungsverfahren vorgestellt, deren Detailierungsgrad anhand von gemessenen und berechneten Bauteilverformungen und Spannungen erläutert wird.Analysis methods for grouted joints in offshore wind energy converters under predominant bending. Grouted joints as hybrid tube‐to‐tube connections with high‐strength concrete annulus are often used in monopile substructures for offshore wind energy conversion systems. Compared to jackets or tripods, grouted joints in monopiles are loaded by predominant bending moments. Currently, only a limited number of design and calculation methods for the stress design are available. Besides simplified engineering models based on linear shell theory, numerical calculation methods and models have been developed in recent years. Those models include material and geometrical nonlinearities of a grouted joint under predominant bending. In this paper three different analysis methods are presented, their accuracy is described by calculated and measured displacements and stresses.
Vereinfachtes Verfahren für den Beulnachweis bei Ausnutzung plastischer Querschnittsreserven durch Einführung einer “wirksamen Blechdicke“
Authors: Naumes Johannes , Geißler Karsten , Bartzsch Matthias 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDer Nachweis der Beulsicherheit ebener Bleche nach dem im Eurocode 3, Teil 1‐5 angewendeten Verfahren der wirksamen Breiten bedingt einen hohen Rechenaufwand und ist für ermüdungsbeanspruchte Konstruktionen, z. B. im Brückenbau, nur eingeschränkt anwendbar. Das hier vorgestellte vereinfachte Nachweisverfahren erweitert die lineare Methode der reduzierten Spannungen durch die Einführung einer wirksamen Blechdicke. Dadurch gelingt es, bei deutlich vermindertem Aufwand plastische Reserven innerhalb des Querschnittes gleichwertig auszunutzen.Simplified Method to exploit the plastic buckling resistance by introducing an “effectivep plate thickness”. The verification of buckling resistance according to the effectivep width method given in EC3 part 1‐5 (section 4) is marked by a time consuming and complex calculation process. Moreover, for fatigue affected structures, such as bridges, the applicability is restricted. Within this paper, a simplified procedure is introduced which extends the linear approach of reduced stresses (EC3‐1‐5, section 10) by introducing an effective thickness. Thus, the plastic resistance of the resulting cross section can be exploited similar to the first approach, but at lower computational time.
iPSC Transplantation Increases Regeneration and Functional Recovery After Ischemic Stroke in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Chau Monica J. , Deveau Todd C. , Song Mingke , Gu Xiaohuan , Chen Dongdong , Wei Ling 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Limited treatments are available for perinatal/neonatal stroke. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold therapeutic promise for stroke treatment, but the benefits of iPSC transplantation in neonates are relatively unknown. We hypothesized that transplanted iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) would increase regeneration after stroke. Mouse pluripotent iPSCs were differentiated into neural progenitors using a retinoic acid protocol. Differentiated neural cells were characterized by using multiple criteria and assessments. Ischemic stroke was induced in postnatal day 7 (P7) rats by occluding the right middle cerebral artery and right common carotid artery. iPSC-NPCs (400,000 in 4 µl) were transplanted into the penumbra via intracranial injection 7 days after stroke. Trophic factor expression in the peri-infarct tissue was measured using Western blot analysis. Animals received daily bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) injections and were sacrificed 21 days after stroke for immunohistochemistry. The vibrissae-elicited forelimb placement test was used to evaluate functional recovery. Differentiated iPSCs expressed mature neuronal markers, functional sodium and potassium channels, and fired action potentials. Several angiogenic and neurogenic trophic factors were identified in iPSC-NPCs. Animals that received iPSC-NPC transplantation had greater expression of stromal cell-derived factor 1-α (SDF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the peri-infarct region. iPSC-NPCs stained positive for neuronal nuclei (NeuN) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) 14 days after transplantation. iPSC-NPC-transplanted animals showed greater numbers of BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/Collagen IV colabeled cells in the peri-infarct area compared with stroke controls and performed better in a sensorimotor functional test after stroke. iPSC-NPC therapy may play multiple therapeutic roles after stroke by providing trophic factors, increasing angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and providing new cells for tissue repair. Stem Cells 2014;32:3075–3087
The Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1 as a Novel Modulator of Neural Precursor Cell Proliferation
Authors: Stock Kristin , Garthe Alexander , de Almeida Sassi Felipe , Glass Rainer , Wolf Susanne A. , Kettenmann Helmut 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The capsaicin receptor (TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1) was first discovered in the peripheral nervous system as a detector of noxious chemical and thermal stimuli including the irritant chili pepper. Recently, there has been increasing evidence of TRPV1 expression in the central nervous system. Here, we show that TRPV1 is expressed in neural precursor cells (NPCs) during postnatal development, but not in the adult. However, expression of TRPV1 is induced in the adult in paradigms linked to an increase in neurogenesis, such as spatial learning in the Morris water maze or voluntary exercise. Loss of TRPV1 expression in knockout mice leads to an increase in NPC proliferation. Functional TRPV1 expression has been confirmed in cultured NPCs. Our results indicate that TRPV1 expression influences both postnatal and activity-induced neurogenesis in adulthood. Stem Cells 2014;32:3183–3195
Sensitivity and Specificity of Red Cell Distribution Width in Diagnosing Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in Patients with Abdominal Pain
Authors: Kisaoglu Abdullah , Bayramoglu Atif , Ozogul Bunyami , Atac Kenan , Emet Mucahit , Atamanalp Sabri Selcuk 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the utility of the red cell distribution width (RDW) in diagnosing acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) in patients with abdominal pain.MethodsThe patients were divided into two groups in this retrospective case–control study: patients with AMI and patients with abdominal pain who did not require urgent surgery. Venous blood was collected from the patients upon admission to the emergency department, and abdominal computed tomography angiography was performed. The RDW and hematological and biochemical parameters of the groups were compared. The primary outcome was AMI among the patients with abdominal pain. The secondary outcome was mortality, complaint period, and size of ischemia/necrosis among the AMI patients.ResultsThe RDW, white blood cell lactate dehydrogenase, and blood urea nitrogen of the patients with AMI were significantly different from those of the control group. When the average RDW (15.04 %) of the patients with AMI was used as a cut‐off value, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (+LR), and negative likelihood (−LR) were 40.8 %, 81.2 %, 2.17, and 0.73, respectively. When patients with AMI and anemia were included in the group, the sensitivity and specificity values did not change. There was no relation between the RDW and mortality, size of the ischemia/necrosis, and complaint period. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the average RDW between the patients with ischemia/necrosis in the small intestine only and those with ischemia/necrosis in the colon.ConclusionThe RDW on admission is of marginal help to diagnose AMI among patients with abdominal pain.
Synthesis and Properties of N‐Dodecyl Aspartic Acid and Its Sodium Salt
Authors: Shi Yingying , Wang Jun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA novel zwitterionic surfactant N‐dodecyl aspartic acid was synthesized with dodecylamine, maleic acid anhydride and sodium hydroxide in ethanol–water as the solvent. The chemical structure of N‐dodecyl aspartic acid was characterized by IR, 1H NMR and MS. The surface properties of the surfactant were studied by measuring the equilibrium surface tensions of the dilute aqueous solutions. The synthesized surfactant can reduce the surface tension of water to 29–32 mN m−1 at temperatures of 298–313 K, the surface activity reaches its highest under mild pH conditions. The water hardness has almost no effect on foam power and foam stability of the surfactant at lower and middle water hardnesses.