bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Vapor Extraction through Foamy-oil flow
Authors: Jia Xinfeng , Jiang Tao , Zeng Fanhua , Gu Yongan 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Hydrocarbon solvent-based enhanced oil recovery techniques, such as vapor extraction (VAPEX) and cyclic solvent injection (CSI), have showed great potential to recover heavy oil reserves. However, VAPEX suffers from low production rates because of the slow mass transfer and inefficient gravity drainage. CSI benefits from solution gas drive and foamy-oil flow; however, solvent gas release would cause the viscosity of the diluted oil to re-increase to slow down the oil flow. In addition, the oil rate of CSI might be uneconomical due to the long no-production injection/soaking period. This paper proposes a new process, named foamy-oil assisted VAPEX, to enhance the heavy oil recovery. This process applies the same production mode as a traditional VAPEX except the model pressure is reduced cyclically to induce foamy-oil flow.
Laboratory experiments are conducted to analyze the new process and compare it with VAPEX under the same well pattern and similar physical conditions. Sandpack permeability is about 5 Darcy. Propane is used to recover a heavy oil sample with a viscosity of 5,875 cP. For VAPEX, model pressure is kept at ~800 kPa. For foamy-oil assisted VAPEX, pressure control in each cycle consists of two periods: a constant pressure period and a pressure reduction period.
Results show that a strong foamy-oil flow can be induced through a pressure drawdown, which forms a foamy-oil zone. The foamy-oil flow pushes the solvent-diluted heavy oil inward the solvent chamber, which not only increases the oil production, but also helps solvent to contact the fresh heavy oil and accelerate the mass-transfer process. In the foamy-oil assisted VAPEX, oil that could not be produced in a traditional VAPEX by the gradititional force could be recovered in the foamy-oil assisted VAPEX process by a foamy-oil flow. Compared with a traditional VAPEX, foamy-oil assisted VAPEX can increase the oil production rate by 68.5 % and the final recover factor by 20.4%.
A Study on Energy Transfer During SADG and Its Effects on Flow Characteristics
Authors: Little L. , Romaniuk N. A. , Feland B. , Vivas F. A. , Babadagli T. , Ozum B. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In Alberta, Canada, over 80% of oil sand reserves are suitable for thermal in-situ processes such as the steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process. SAGD recovery is contingent on reducing the viscosity of bitumen, which is immobile at reservoir temperature, to increase its mobility, thus increasing recovery efficiency. Processes based on the co-injection of solvent and steam targeting further reduction of bitumen viscosity have been extensively investigated. These studies generally ignore the potential role of bitumen-water interfacial tension on bitumen mobility and bitumen recovery.
In this study, we propose a new analytical model approach to analyze flow characteristics of injected steam in a bitumen containing reservoir and to clarify the physics of the displacement process during SAGD. The thickness of the chamber front where viscosity reduction occurs is defined for different injection and reservoir conditions and flow patterns are created for different fluid (viscosity and interfacial tension) and reservoir properties (thickness). This model shows how bitumen-water interfacial tension affects bitumen mobility and thereby influences both SAGD displacement efficiency and ultimate bitumen recovery. A composite set of models including the effects of interfacial tension between the bitumen and water in addition to viscosity reduction are developed.
Finally, the observations obtained through analytical model studies are compared against SAGD field observations accumulated over the last two decades. The focus of this comparison is on the advancement rate of the chamber front and its growth characteristics. By understanding the bitumen to water interfacial tension effects, it will be possible to make a better prediction of the relative benefits of solvent or surfactant to accelerate the recovery rate and improve ultimate recovery.
Modeling Thermal and Solvent Injection Techniques as Post-CHOPS Applications Considering Geomechanical and Compositional Effects
Authors: Rangriz-Shokri A. , Babadagli T. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS) is considered to be a promising method for heavy-oil recovery from unconsolidated sands, but it offers low recovery factors (~10%). Increasing recovery from such reservoirs should be achieved through post-CHOPS enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications within an economic framework. Difficulties in modeling CHOPS are mainly due to the representation of wormhole network growth and foamy oil behavior. Also, the co-production of oil and sand simultaneously changes the fundamental reservoir properties including permeability, porosity, and formation compressibility, as well as in-situ stress conditions, making it even more difficult to model post-CHOPS EOR applications.
One of the missing elements in current literature is a representative model capturing the growing nature of the wormhole network and geo-mechanical effects due to production or injection after CHOPS. To this end, in this study, we implemented fractal patterns based on DLA (Diffusion Limited Aggregation) algorithm along with a step-by-step simulation technique using a commercial simulator, coupled with a finite element geo-mechanical module to account for the in-situ stresses induced from overburden and gravity, or fluid injection during EOR processes after CHOPS. A mathematical model was also introduced to populate the wormhole domain based on sand production history, initial in-situ stress conditions, wormhole pattern, its radius and its length.
The suggested approach was first validated using field data from a field in Alberta with fifteen CHOPS producers. Next, the model introduced and tested was used to assess post-CHOPS EOR processes such as thermal, solvent and their hybrid combinations using a black oil and compositional simulator. The latter raised certain difficulties which emerged from embedding the complex wormhole structure into the compositional model and the ways to overcome these difficulties were discussed. Finally, the model generated was used to test steam, solvent and their hybrid applications in the form of cyclic injection stimulation.
Lower incisor dentoalveolar compensation and symphysis dimensions among Class I and III malocclusion patients with different facial vertical skeletal patterns
Authors: Molina-Berlanga Núria , Llopis-Perez Jaume , Flores-Mir Carlos , Puigdollers Andreu 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To compare lower incisor dentoalveolar compensation and mandible symphysis morphology among Class I and Class III malocclusion patients with different facial vertical skeletal patterns.

Materials and Methods:
Lower incisor extrusion and inclination, as well as buccal (LA) and lingual (LP) cortex depth, and mandibular symphysis height (LH) were measured in 107 lateral cephalometric x-rays of adult patients without prior orthodontic treatment. In addition, malocclusion type (Class I or III) and facial vertical skeletal pattern were considered. Through a principal component analysis (PCA) related variables were reduced. Simple regression equation and multivariate analyses of variance were also used.

Results:
Incisor mandibular plane angle (P &lt; .001) and extrusion (P  =  .03) values showed significant differences between the sagittal malocclusion groups. Variations in the mandibular plane have a negative correlation with LA (Class I P  =  .03 and Class III P  =  .01) and a positive correlation with LH (Class I P  =  .01 and Class III P  =  .02) in both groups. Within the Class III group, there was a negative correlation between the mandibular plane and LP (P  =  .02). PCA showed that the tendency toward a long face causes the symphysis to elongate and narrow. In Class III, alveolar narrowing is also found in normal faces.

Conclusions:
Vertical facial pattern is a significant factor in mandibular symphysis alveolar morphology and lower incisor positioning, both for Class I and Class III patients. Short-faced Class III patients have a widened alveolar bone. However, for long-faced and normal-faced Class III, natural compensation elongates the symphysis and influences lower incisor position.
Musculoskeletal Predictors of Movement Quality for the Forward Step-down Test in Asymptomatic Women
Authors: Park Kyung-Mi , Cynn Heon-Seock , Choung Sung-Dae 
Published: June 2013

Study Design Cross-sectional. Objective To investigate the interrater reliability of movement-quality ratings for the forward step-down (FSD) test and to compare hip muscle strength and lower extremity joint range of motion and muscle flexibility among asymptomatic women with different levels of movement quality. Background The interrater reliability of the FSD test has not yet been investigated. Additionally, it is not known whether differences in musculoskeletal measures exist among individuals with different levels of movement quality during the FSD test. Methods Two physical therapists assessed movement quality during the FSD test in 26 asymptomatic women (mean ± SD age, 22.7 ± 0.9 years). Hip muscle strength and lower extremity joint range of motion and muscle flexibility were also assessed. The interrater reliability of the FSD test was estimated by using the kappa coefficient and percent agreement. Differences in musculoskeletal measures based on movement quality were assessed by independent t tests. Results The kappa coefficient and percent agreement for rating the quality of movement on the FSD test were 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.57, 1.00) and 85%, respectively. The subjects with moderate movement quality had significantly less strength of the hip abductors, less knee flexion range of motion measured in prone (quadriceps flexibility), and less hip adduction range of motion measured in sidelying (iliotibial band/tensor fascia latae flexibility) compared to those with good movement quality. Conclusion There was good agreement for the rating of movement quality during the FSD test, and there were physical attributes that distinguished those with moderate from those with good quality of movement. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(7):504–510. Epub 11 June 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4073
Abdominal Muscle Activity During a Standing Long Jump
Authors: Okubo Yu , Kaneoka Koji , Shiina Itsuo , Tatsumura Masaki , Miyakawa Shumpei 
Published: June 2013

Study Design Experimental laboratory study. Objectives To measure the activation patterns (onset and magnitude) of the abdominal muscles during a standing long jump using wire and surface electromyography. Background Activation patterns of the abdominal muscles, especially the deep muscles such as the transversus abdominis (TrA), have yet to be examined during full-body movements such as jumping. Methods Thirteen healthy men participated. Wire electrodes were inserted into the TrA with the guidance of ultrasonography, and surface electrodes were attached to the skin overlying the rectus abdominis (RA) and external oblique (EO). Electromyographic signals and video images were recorded while each subject performed a standing long jump. The jump task was divided into 3 phases: preparation, push-off, and float. For each muscle, activation onset relative to the onset of the RA and normalized muscle activation levels (percent maximum voluntary contraction) were analyzed during each phase. Comparisons between muscles and phases were assessed using 2-way analyses of variance. Results The onset times of the TrA and EO relative to the onset of the RA were −.13 ± 0.17 seconds and −.02 ± 0.07 seconds, respectively. Onset of TrA activation was earlier than that of the EO. The activation levels of all 3 muscles were significantly greater during the push-off phase than during the preparation and float phases. Conclusion Consistent with previously published trunk-perturbation studies in healthy persons, the TrA was activated prior to the RA and EO. Additionally, the highest muscle activation levels were observed during the push-off phase. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(8):577–582. Epub 11 June 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4420
Flowering date of taxonomic families predicts phenological sensitivity to temperature: Implications for forecasting the effects of climate change on unstudied taxa
Authors: Mazer Susan J. , Travers Steven E. , Cook Benjamin I. , Davies T. Jonathan , Bolmgren Kjell , Kraft Nathan J. B. , Salamin Nicolas , Inouye David W. 
Published: June 2013

•Premise of the study:Numerous long‐term studies in seasonal habitats have tracked interannual variation in first flowering date (FFD) in relation to climate, documenting the effect of warming on the FFD of many species. Despite these efforts, long‐term phenological observations are still lacking for many species. If we could forecast responses based on taxonomic affinity, however, then we could leverage existing data to predict the climate‐related phenological shifts of many taxa not yet studied.•Methods:We examined phenological time series of 1226 species occurrences (1031 unique species in 119 families) across seven sites in North America and England to determine whether family membership (or family mean FFD) predicts the sensitivity of FFD to standardized interannual changes in temperature and precipitation during seasonal periods before flowering and whether families differ significantly in the direction of their phenological shifts.•Key results:Patterns observed among specieswithinandacrosssites are mirrored among family meansacrosssites; early‐flowering families advance their FFD in response to warming more than late‐flowering families. By contrast, we found no consistent relationships among taxa between mean FFD and sensitivity to precipitation as measured here.•Conclusions:Family membership can be used to identify taxa of high and low sensitivity to temperature within the seasonal, temperate zone plant communities analyzed here. The high sensitivity of early‐flowering families (and the absence of early‐flowering families not sensitive to temperature) may reflect plasticity in flowering time, which may be adaptive in environments where early‐season conditions are highly variable among years.
Rate and Predictors of Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness Progression in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Infected and Uninfected Adults: A 48-Week Matched Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hileman Corrilynn O , Carman Teresa L , Longenecker Chris T , Labbato Danielle E , Storer Norma J , White Cynthia A , McComsey Grace A 
Published: June 2013

Background Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) progresses faster in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy (ART) than the general population. It is unclear if the rate of progression is similarly faster in ART-naive, HIV-infected adults. Methods This was a 48-week prospective cohort study to compare change in CIMT and inflammation markers in ART-naive, HIV-infected adults in no immediate need of ART (HIV-positive/ART-naive) and age/sex/body mass index (BMI)-matched controls (HIV-negative). Results A total of 85 HIV-positive/ART-naive and 45 HIV-negative participants were enrolled. In the HIV-positive/ ART-naive group, median baseline CD4+ T-cell count and HIV-1 RNA were 535 cells/mm3 and 6,916 copies/ml. Baseline common carotid artery (CCA) and bulb CIMTs were similar between groups. Changes in CIMT to 48 weeks at both sites were not different within- or between-groups (median [IQR] change in HIV-positive/ART-naive versus HIV-negative CCA CIMT -0.0071 mm [-0.0267–0.0233] versus 0.0113 mm [-0.0117–0.0306]; P=0.19 between-groups; and bulb CIMT 0.0017 mm [-0.0367–0.06167] versus 0.01 mm [-0.0383–0.0625]; P=0.54). After adjustment for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, change in CCA CIMT was greater in HIV-negative participants (-0.0046 versus 0.0177 mm for HIV-positive/ART-naive versus HIV-negative; P=0.01). In HIV-positive/ART-naive, interleukin (IL)-6, soluble tumour necrosis factor-α receptor (sTNFR)-II, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 were higher at both time points and D-dimer was higher at week 48 ( P<0.01 for all). IL-6, sTNFR-I and D-dimer increased over 48 weeks in HIV-positive/ART-naive participants ( P<0.01 for all). In HIV-positive/ART-naive participants, independent predictors of greater change in CCA CIMT were higher BMI ( P=0.05) and family history of CVD ( P<0.01) and of greater change in bulb CIMT were higher sTNFR-I ( P=0.03) and higher diastolic blood pressure ( P<0.01). Conclusions In ART-naive HIV-infected adults at low risk of HIV disease progression and low cardiovascular risk, CIMT progression rate was similar to matched controls. In addition to traditional CVD risk factors, higher levels of sTNFR-I predicted greater bulb CIMT changes.
Why the Bereavement Exclusion Was Introduced in
DSM-III
Authors: Hensley Paula L. , Clayton Paula J. 
Published: June 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Understand the usual range of symptoms and associated behaviors that are seen after a person has a significant loss, including psychological symptoms, health behavior, and use of alcohol and medications.

2.
Learn the course of “normal” symptoms of bereavement in the first year after the death of a loved one.

3.
Distinguish between the similarities and differences in ‘normal’ bereavement symptoms and the syndrome of depression and its course, as compared to the symptoms and course of the psychiatric disorder, major depression.

Bereavement is a universal human experience that most people endure with minimal morbidity. However, for some, losing a loved one can lead to the development of a psychiatric illness like chronic depression, the exacerbation of a substance use disorder or persistent complex bereavement disorder or to increased general medical morbidity or mortality. Thus, it is important to recognize the clinical features and time course of “normal” bereavement so that ordinary grief isn’t pathologized and to facilitate recognition of these important complications.
Investigating La Réunion Hot Spot From Crust to Core
Authors: Barruol Guilhem , Sigloch Karin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWhether volcanic intraplate hot spots are underlain by deep mantle plumes continues to be debated 40 years after the hypothesis was proposed by Morgan [1972]. Arrivals of buoyant plume heads may have been among the most disruptive agents in Earth's history, initiating continental breakup, altering global climate, and triggering mass extinctions. Further, with the temporary shutdown of European air traffic in 2010 caused by the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, a geologically routine eruption in the tail end of the presumed Iceland plume, the world witnessed an intrusion of hot spot activity into modern‐day life.
UTS‐based foresight optimization of sensor scheduling for low interception risk tracking
Authors: Zhang Zi‐ning , Shan Gan‐lin 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, we are concerned with the problem of non‐myopic sensor scheduling as a partially observable Markov decision process in which available sensors are assigned dynamically to observe targets for the trade‐off between the tracking accuracy and the interception risk. Our scheduling problem is difficult to solve using traditional methods due to continuous and high‐dimensional state space. However, foresight optimization restricts the sequence of action mappings to be a stationary action sequence and gives rise to the upper bound of the objective function value, leading to an approximate solution. Furthermore, unscented transformation sampling combined with extended Kalman filtering is proposed to provide an approximate evaluation of the upper bound that results from an action sequence. To determine the best action sequence efficiently, a pruning algorithm is incorporated into the tree‐search techniques. The feasibility and effectiveness of our non‐myopic schemes are verified in a simple simulation experiment that involves multiple radars tracking a single target. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Realization of a Titanium Spinal Implant with a Gradient in Porosity by 2‐Component‐Metal Injection Moulding
Authors: Barbosa Ana Paula Cysne , Bram Martin , Stöver Detlev , Buchkremer Hans Peter 
Published: June 2013

Abstract2‐Component‐Metal Injection Moulding (2‐C‐MIM) is a technique derived from plastics industry which has been adapted to metal powders. In the present work, the production of titanium implants with a gradient in porosity was demonstrated by using this technology, starting from titanium feedstocks with and without space holder particles (NaCl, 350–500 µm). Binder systems specially tailored for the application were developed. Compared to established production routes, the net‐shape fabrication of titanium implants by 2‐C‐MIM promises a significant reduction of cost if aiming at large scale production. The feasibility study was accompanied by a detailed characterisation of each production step of 2‐C‐MIM process including influence of MIM processing on mechanical properties.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Few‐Layer MoO3
Authors: Sreedhara M. B. , Matte H. S. S. Ramakrishna , Govindaraj A. , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNanosheets of MoO3 that consist of only a few layers have been prepared by using four methods, including the oxidation of MoS2 nanosheets, intercalation with LiBr, and ultrasonication. These nanosheets have been characterized by atomic force microscopy and other techniques. Besides showing a blue‐shift of the optical absorption band compared to the bulk sample, few‐layer MoO3 exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity. In combination with a borocarbonitride, few‐layer MoO3 shows good performance characteristics as a supercapacitor electrode.
Greater brain volumes are activated when performing simple calculating tasks in persons accustomed to lower altitudes than those to higher altitudes
Authors: Jiang Yan L. , Liang Willmann , Yao Hong , Yew David T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractChronic exposure to a hypoxic environment results in a number of physiological changes such as cardiac arrhythmia and pulmonary edema. We hereby studied the variations in activation of brain areas during simple calculation tasks between individuals originating from different altitudes. Two groups of subjects, one from 1700 m above sea level (lowlanders) and the other one from at least 3000 m above sea level (highlanders), performed a simple calculation task by heart. The fMRI were taken and horizontal, sagittal, and coronal sections were analyzed to identify activated brain areas. Both lowlanders and highlanders performed the calculation task successfully. Horizontal sections revealed similar activated areas in the deep and anterior part of the right parietal lobe of both lowlanders and highlanders. In the highlanders, coronal and sagittal sections showed lower activities. Smaller brain volumes were activated in the highlanders as shown by the computer brain templates, with fewer total voxels recorded than in the lowlanders (P = 0.003). Computerized comparison of overall active brain regions between lowlanders and highlanders also revealed that smaller brain regions were activated. The results showed that while all subjects completed the task successfully, the highlanders did so using smaller brain regions than the lowlanders.
Neuer Methanol‐Reformer arbeitet unter milden Bedingungen
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBrennstoffzellen sind eine wichtige Säule der Energiewende. Der Einsatz von Wasserstoff in Zellen mit Niedrigtemperatur‐PEM‐Technologie liefert Strom für mobile Anwendungen etwa in Elektromotoren. Ein neuer Katalysator macht Methanol als einfach handhabbaren Wasserstoffspeicher zugänglich, der unter milden Bedingungen Wasserstoff freisetzt.