bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notes on pondweeds — outlines for a monographical treatment of the genus Potamogeton L.
Authors: Wiegleb Gerhard 
Published: August 2024

SummaryA review of the systematics of the genus Potamogeton L. on a world wide scale is presented. There exist several problems, the causes of which are analyzed, and for which solutions are outlined as far as possible.The variability of many Potamogeton species is often underestimated leading still to superfluous descriptions of new species and hybrids. Based on own experience and reliable literature records the species are classified into three groups according to their degree of variability.The value of stem anatomical and fruit morphological characters both having received special recognition in the history of Potamogeton systematics is investigated. Both groups of characters, if handled carefully. can give a valuable contribution to the distinction of species.The hybrid problem is discussed extensively. The frequency of hybrids shows strong regional differences, which led to different judgement in the past. Those hybrids that can be regarded as sufficiently described are presented in a list. Only few of them really occur frequently.The importance of the analysis of life history and growth form in Potamogeton systematics is stressed. There exists a strong deficit in knowledge, particularly as to quantitative data. Necessary requirement for progress in study of this subject is a more precise definition of morphological terms in Potamogeton.The analysis of the geographical distribution of the species is still preliminary, as identity or non‐identity of various species of different parts of the world is un‐proven. Nevertheless, species can be classified in appr. 17 distribution types. The highest density of species occurs in Eastern North America.Evolutionary questions are discussed using certain species groups as models. The broad‐leaved, reticulateveined species are considered as most primitive, which is supported by morphological, physiological and biogeographical evidence. Appr. 15 species groups can be distinguished the actual relation of which, however, is not yet clear. Also the distribution of chromosome numbers gives no direct information, as polyploidy and aneuploidy are more frequent than so far assumed.The biosystematical problems described have caused a great taxonomical confusion. A literature research revealed more than 1300 names (incl. hybrid combinations), which most probably refer to only 80 to 90 actually existing species (plus appr. 40 confirmed hybrids). The recognized species are presented in a list ordered according to their supposed affinity. Herbarium studies showed that several not yet described species may be added in the future. Some controversial cases like P. pusillus, P. tepperi, P. fluitans, and P. pedersenii are used to illustrate typical taxonomical problems.
The association between school bullying and executive functions in children and adolescents: A three‐level meta‐analysis
Authors: Jia Wei , Huang Chenhui , Hu Na , Cai Dan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionEven though existing amounts of results have shown that school bullying could be related to the main components of executive functions (EFs) (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility), research focused on this association yields inconsistent results.MethodTo address this research gap, the current study conducted a three‐level meta‐analysis approach and simultaneously considered the two perspectives of the bully and victim to clarify the relationship between school bullying experienced by children and EFs. It also explored the moderating variables that affect the relationship between school bullying and EFs.ResultsBased on 18 studies reporting 73 effect sizes (N = 21,725), the results revealed that the overall effect size for the association between both the bullies and victims of school bullying incidents with EFs (rbullies = −0.154, p < .05; rvictims = −0.187, p < .001). Moderator analyses revealed that the negative correlation between bullies of school bullying and EFs was moderated by EF components, but it was not affected by gender, age, and the EF measurement method. Moreover, the negative correlation between victims of school bullying and EFs was not affected by the form of bullying, source of report, facet of EFs, EF measurement, gender, age, and culture.ConclusionsThe present meta‐analysis revealed a relationship between school bullying and EFs. Both bullies and victims appear to have lower EF levels. The results also emphasized that lower inhibitory control was more likely to be a crucial risk factor for bullying behavior.
Optical Longitudinal‐Lateral Force Directed in Arbitrary Directions by a Linearly Polarized Beam
Authors: Li Hang , Zhu Tongtong , Cao Yongyin , Jia Qi , Shi Bojian , Zhang Yanxia , Tang Donghua , Li Xiaoxin , Feng Rui , Sun Fangkui , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Ding Weiqiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOptical forces arise from the transfer of linear momentum between light and objects, while the tailoring schemes for longitudinal and lateral forces are always complicated and incompatible, which prevents them from achieving the same configuration. Here it is demonstrated that the exclusive longitudinal and lateral forces can be harnessed collaboratively, i.e., optical longitudinal‐lateral force (OLLF), which can scan the whole 2π space by solely rotating the half‐wave plate to switch the linear polarization of the incident beam. It is found that, through the interplay between s‐ and p‐polarized light induced by a particle on the interface, the longitudinal force can be altered from pushing to pulling, while the lateral force can be altered from left to right independently. Due to the merit of large amplitude and flexible tunability, the OLLF can act as the engine to drive a micro vehicle along the arbitrary direction in a 2D plane. This work paves a new way for versatile applications of optical manipulation in theory and applications.
MEMS‐enabled Ultralow Power Consumption Programmable Arbitrary Order Mode Switch
Authors: Sun Haoyang , Qiao Qifeng , Lee Chengkuo , Zhou Guangya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMode‐division‐multiplexing (MDM) recently attracted much interest due to its ability to enhance the capacity for optical information communication. To meet growing data transmission demands and enable flexible on‐chip mode manipulation, programmable optical mode converter switches are essential. This work introduces a micro‐electromechanical‐system (MEMS)‐enabled programmable arbitrary order mode switch, capitalizing on the benefits of MEMS technology such as low power consumption, robust modulation capabilities, and seamless large‐scale integration. Employing newly developed MEMS‐tunable mode converter (MTMC) units, the system achieves high conversion efficiencies from the fundamental mode to arbitrary higher‐order modes and supports programmable power distribution among different modes by cascading multiple MTMCs. As a proof‐of‐concept, a programmable TE0–TE0/1/2 mode switch operates in the 3.64 to 3.71 µm wavelength range, achieving maximum crosstalk values of –9.56 and –9.88 dB for TE0 to TE1 and TE0 to TE2 mode conversion, respectively, and a remarkably low power consumption of 67 pW. Furthermore, a programmable mode multiplexer is developed by simultaneously actuating two MEMS actuators to modulate phase matching conditions, enabling arbitrary power splitting ratios among these modes. The demonstrated scalability and flexibility of the proposed system highlight its potential as a foundational component for MDM systems.
Surgical management of rare tumors (Part 1)
Authors: Stetson Alyssa , Saluja Saurabh , Cameron Danielle B. , Mansfield Sara A. , Polites Stephanie F. , Honeyman Joshua N. , Dahl John P. , Austin Mary T. , Aldrink Jennifer H. , Christison‐Lagay Emily R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith an annual cumulative occurrence of approximately 15,000 in North America, all childhood cancers are rare. Very rare cancers as defined by both the European Cooperative Study Group for Rare Pediatric Cancers and the Children's Oncology Group fall into two principal categories: those so uncommon (fewer than 2 cases/million) that their study is challenging even through cooperative group efforts (e.g., pleuropulmonary blastoma and desmoplastic small round cell tumor) and those that are far more common in adults and therefore rarely studied in children (e.g., thyroid, melanoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor). Treatment strategies for these latter tumors are typically based on adult guidelines, although the pediatric variants of these tumors may harbor different genetic signatures and demonstrate different behavior. If melanoma and differentiated thyroid cancer are excluded, other rare cancer types account for only 2% of the cancers in children aged 0 to 14. This article highlights several of the most common rare tumor types.
Tensile and bending properties of sandwich films of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics‐polypropylene sheet processed by a simple hot‐press method
Authors: Xu Kai , Chu Pinjung , Rumon Rokibul Hasan , Fujimori Atsuhiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo develop a material with strong impact resistance, bending direction and in‐plane direction, the tensile and bending properties of sandwich films obtained by placing and re‐pressing a compression‐molded polypropylene sheet between two sheets of carbon‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) were evaluated. Three types of CFRTP were investigated, and thermoplastic nylon 66, polyurethane, and polyphenylene sulfite were used as the resin base materials to wrap the carbon fiber. Regarding the tensile properties of the sandwich films, the Young's modulus and maximum stress values were lower compared with those of the CFRTP sheets, regardless of the resin base material. However, improvements in elongation properties of 97%, 109%, and 156%, respectively were found, transforming the film into a softer and stronger film. Regarding the bending properties of the sandwich films, the Young's modulus and maximum stress values were higher compared with those of the CFRTP sheet. To examine the influence of the number of layers, the five‐layer sheet, in which the sandwich film was placed in two CFRTP sheets, exhibited inferior elongation properties to the three‐layer sheet during the tensile test. However, the results of the bending test found a significant improvement in Young's modulus of approximately 2.5 times and final strength of approximately three times. We anticipate that this material could be applicable to components requiring specific mechanical properties in both bending and in‐plane directions in future applications.Highlights
CFRTP sandwich sheets were fabricated using a simple hot‐press method.
The sandwich sheet showed improved mechanical properties in the in‐plane directions.
Both the tensile modulus and the bending modulus have reached the GPa‐order.
The sandwich film in question had particularly excellent bending properties.
The sandwich film showed dependence on the number of layers.
In‐plane elasticity of the films was evaluated using a falling ball test.
Advanced hybrid malware identification framework for the Internet of Medical Things, driven by deep learning
Authors: Safeer Ehtesham , Tahir Sidra , Nawaz Asif , Humayun Mamoona , Shaheen Momina , Khan Maqbool 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) effortlessly enables communication between items on the World Wide Web and other systems. This extensive use of IoTs has created new services and automation in numerous industries, enhancing the standard of living, especially in healthcare. Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) adoption has been beneficial during pandemic conditions by enabling remote patient monitoring and therapy. Nevertheless, the excessive use of IoMT has raised security concerns as it can compromise critical data. This breach in security can result in an inaccurate diagnosis or violate privacy. This research presents a novel approach to hybrid deep learning‐based detection of malware solutions for the IoT. This study uses RNN‐Bi‐LSTM to detect and extract significant features related to an already existing dataset. The proposed model exhibits a detection accuracy of 98.38% when evaluated using these existing datasets. Statistical tests like Mathew co‐relation and Log Loss also indicated reliability of proposed framework. The distinguished feature of our framework is its ability to combine complex deep learning models for IoMT security, which is of economic and scientific importance. It certainly offers a reliable solution for healthcare applications that rely on real‐time functionality and dependency on IoMT systems.
Ecological and geological security risk assessment of underground space development in cold and arid canyon cities—Taking Ping'an District, Haidong City, Qinghai Province, as an example
Authors: Wang Shuaiwei , Sun Weichao , Peng Hongming , Yuan Youjing , Wang Xiuyan , Liu Changli 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe ecological and geological problems caused by the rise of groundwater level due to the development of underground space in cold and arid canyon cities are particularly typical. Reasonably assessing the ecological and geological security risks of utilizing underground space is conducive to reducing the occurrence of ecological and geological problems during the construction and operation of underground engineering projects. Taking Ping'an District of Haidong City as an example, the topography and geomorphology of the research area were investigated in the field, and the distribution of topography and geomorphology in the research area was understood; through geological drilling and geotechnical engineering testing, the distribution of different strata in the research area was obtained; through pumping and seepage experiments, the recharge, runoff, and discharge relationship between surface water and groundwater in the research area and the water abundance of different strata are obtained, and the causes and mechanisms of geological safety risks in forest and grassland ecosystems, farmland ecosystems, and human settlements ecosystems were analyzed based on literature. Corresponding ecological geological safety risk assessment index systems and methods were established, and the ecological geological safety risks before and after the development of underground rail transit projects along both banks of the Huangshui River in the study area were evaluated.Practitioner Points
The development of underground space in canyon type cities can easily lead to ecological and geological problems.
Taking Haidong City, Qinghai Province, as an example, this study investigates the causes of ecological and geological problems caused by the development of underground spaces in canyon type cities.
An ecological geological security risk assessment index system and method for canyon‐type cities were established.
An evaluation was conducted on the ecological and geological safety risks before and after the development of the underground rail transit projects on both sides of the research area.
Einleitung
Authors: Mueller Nicole Marion 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungNicole M. Mueller nähert sich mithilfe digitaler Methoden dem japanischen Übersetzungspluralismus im 20. Jahrhundert und seinen historischen Rahmenbedingungen an. Dabei bezieht sie sich auf Thomas Mann, der Japans Intellektuelle wie kaum ein anderer deutscher Autor geprägt hat, sodass Erzählwerke wie Tonio Kröger intensiv rezipiert und in zweistelliger Anzahl übersetzt wurden. Diese Übersetzungsvielfalt, einschließlich der zuvor verborgenen Wechselwirkungen zwischen unterschiedlichen Übersetzungsvarianten sowie der Zusammenhänge mit historischen Kontextfaktoren, wird durch Implementierung eines auf digitalen Themenmodellen basierenden Mixed Method-Ansatzes erstmalig erschlossen.
Äußere Übersetzungsgeschichte II: Kontexte erster Ordnung
Authors: Mueller Nicole Marion 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDas sich ebenfalls mit der äußeren Übersetzungsgeschichte von Tonio Kröger in Japan auseinandersetzende Kapitel 4 knüpft unmittelbar an Kapitel 3 an, befasst sich jedoch mit Einflusskontexten erster Ordnung. Während im dritten Kapitel also der weiter gefasste historische Rahmen der japanischen Thomas Mann-Übersetzung abgesteckt worden ist, setzt sich das vierte Kapitel mit den die Texte unmittelbarer und konkreter tangierenden Kontextfaktoren auseinander, zu denen der jeweilige Publikationsrahmen, die öffentliche Wahrnehmung sowie die Individualbiografien der Übersetzenden gehören.
From United Steel to Waymo: industrializing simulation
Authors: Hind Sam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe use of computers for simulation work can be traced back to the 1950s, and the pioneering work of Stafford Beer, KD Tocher and others at Cybor House in Sheffield, UK, the research and development (R&D) department of British steelmakers, United Steel. This innovative simulation work sought to offer an abstracted, ‘total’ environment of the steelmaking process in which different operational activities could be modeled. Critical to this work was the ability of computer simulations to perform such modelling at a fraction of the cost, wasting fewer material resources, and in a considerably shorter timeframe. Such work can be understood as the earliest example of the application of industrial-scale ‘automated computation’ to a real-world industrial process. Similarly indebted to the early principles of computer simulation, Waymo engineers are also engaged in the building of so-called ‘conflict typologies’ designed to encode material properties of everyday driving interactions between road users, rather than simply road users themselves. Through ‘motion planning’, coupled with the categorization of driving interactions, Waymo engineers build instrumental understanding of their own system’s purported intelligence in navigating everyday driving situations. Functioning as ‘generative mechanisms’ rather than simply evaluative devices, engineers seek to industrialize—instrumentalize, scale up, rationalize—everyday driving knowledge. Through conflict typologies, instrumental knowledge of the actual capacities of autonomous vehicles is industrialized, materialized, and realized.
Characterization of fatigue behavior of 3D printed pneumatic fluidic elastomer actuators
Authors: Torzini Lorenzo , Puggelli Luca , Volpe Yary , Governi Lapo , Buonamici Francesco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSoft robots have gained significant interest due to their high flexibility and adaptability to various working conditions. Recent advancements in engineering and innovative materials have enabled the design and production of sophisticated soft robotic systems with enhanced capabilities. This study aims to evaluate the fatigue behavior of bellow-type pneumatic soft actuators fabricated through fused filament fabrication (FFF) using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), compared to silicone rubber cast actuators. The actuators were equipped with resistive flex sensors to monitor bending motion, and fatigue tests were performed with cycles of inflation and deflation until failure. Results showed that 3D printed TPU actuators could withstand a significant number of cycles before failure, with an average of 6410 cycles at 3 bar pressure, compared to 3439 cycles at 1 bar pressure for the silicone actuators. The study identified a set of fabrication parameters that positively affect the durability of TPU actuators, providing valuable insights for replicating these results. Additionally, the study established a plausible range of utilization for 3D-printed FFF actuators in terms of the number of cycles they can endure, offering critical data for engineers and designers to make informed decisions about the design and application of these actuators in various practical scenarios. The findings demonstrate the potential of FFF for producing durable, long-lasting pneumatic soft actuators.
Central bank information effects in Japan: the role of uncertainty channel
Authors: Morita Hiroshi , Matsumoto Ryo , Ono Taiki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study identifies central bank information shocks and pure monetary policy shocks for Japan by combining high-frequency identification with sign restrictions. The empirical findings provide robust evidence of the central bank information effect in Japan. Specifically, the central bank’s optimistic outlook, conveyed through contractionary monetary actions, reduces economic uncertainty and leads to increases in stock prices and output. Additionally, changes in uncertainty play a significant role in the transmission of the central bank’s information effect. The overall impact of monetary policy and information shocks, as identified through our method, is found to be larger than that identified using conventional techniques such as Cholesky decomposition.
ESR Essentials: imaging of middle ear cholesteatoma—practice recommendations by the European Society of Head and Neck Radiology
Authors: Touska Philip , Connor Steve E. J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Although non-malignant, middle ear cholesteatoma can result in significant complications due to local bone erosion and infection. The treatment of cholesteatoma is surgical, but residual disease is common and may be clinically occult, particularly when the canal wall is preserved or reconstructive techniques are employed. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the management of patients with middle ear cholesteatoma—aiding clinical diagnosis, identifying complications, planning surgery, and detecting residual disease at follow-up. Computed tomography is the primary imaging tool in the preoperative setting since it can provide both a surgical roadmap and detect erosive complications of cholesteatoma. The ability of magnetic resonance imaging with non-echoplanar diffusion-weighted sequences to accurately detect residual disease has led to a shift in the diagnostic paradigm for post-surgical follow-up of cholesteatoma, such that routine “second-look” surgery is no longer required. The following practice recommendations are aimed at helping the radiologist choose appropriate imaging approaches and understand the key diagnostic considerations for the evaluation of pre- and post-surgical middle ear cholesteatoma.

Key Points

In the preoperative setting, CT is the first-line imaging modality and MRI is reserved for rare clinical scenarios (low evidence).

Non-echoplanar imaging (EPI) DWI is the optimal MRI sequence for the detection of residual cholesteatoma (moderate evidence).

Non-EPI DWI plays an important role in the postoperative surveillance of cholesteatoma (moderate evidence).