bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achene macro‐micromorphology of Pulicaria (Asteraceae) from Turkiye and its taxonomic significance
Authors: Gürdal Bahar , Özdemir Nath Ebru 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe genus Pulicaria Gaertn. belongs to the tribe Inuleae Cass. and it is represented by six species P. arabica (L.) Cass., P. armena Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss., P. dysenterica (L.) Gaertn., P. odora (L.) Rchb., P. sicula (L.) Moris, and P. vulgaris Gaertn. in Turkiye. P. armena is endemic to the country. In this study, fruit macro‐micromorphological characteristics of six Pulicaria species from Turkiye were demonstrated using stereo‐microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The colors of the achenes range from light‐brown to brown. The shapes are obovate to elliptic in outline. The pappus is persistent in all studied species, with two rows of pappus hairs except in P. sicula. Its pappus composed of one row of capillary bristles. Others have the outer row developing into a small crown and the inner row consisting of capillary bristles. All taxa have glandular trichomes, except for P. arabica. An identification key is also provided to differentiate between Pulicaria species. Fruit features provide a useful tool for differentiating the examined species.Research Highlights
Achene macro‐micromorphology of Pulicaria species was studied via LM and SEM.
A diagnostic key based on achene features was created for Pulicaria species.
Achene features provide a useful tool for differentiating the examined species.
Ulva lactuca polysaccharides combined with fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorated dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Liu Zhengqi , Wang Menghui , Hu Yuanyuan , Li Jinjin , Gong Wei , Guo Xiaoming , Song Shuang , Zhu Beiwei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of healthy donors improves ulcerative colitis (UC) patients by restoring the balance of the gut microbiota. However, donors vary in microbial diversity and composition, often resulting in weak or even ineffective FMT. Improving the efficacy of FMT through combination treatment has become a promising strategy. Ulva lactuca polysaccharides (ULP) have been found to benefit host health by regulating gut microbiota. The effect of the combination of ULP and FMT in ameliorating UC has not yet been evaluated.RESULTSThe present study found that supplementation with ULP combined with FMT showed better effects in ameliorating UC than supplementation with FMT alone. Results suggested that FMT or ULP combined with FMT alleviated the symptoms of UC in mice, as evidenced by prevention of body weight loss, improvement of disease activity index and protection of the intestinal mucus. Notably, ULP in combination with FMT was more effective than FMT in reducing levels of cytokines and related inflammatory enzymes. In addition, ULP combined with FMT effectively restored the dysbiosis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and further enriched probiotics (such as Bifidobacterium). The production of short‐chain fatty acids, especially acetic acid, was also significantly enriched by ULP combined with FMT.CONCLUSIONSupplementation of ULP combined with FMT could significantly ameliorate DSS‐induced colitis in mice by inhibiting inflammation and restoring dysbiosis of gut microbiota. These results suggested that ULP combined with FMT has potential application in ameliorating UC. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Population response of eastern wild turkey to removal of wild pigs
Authors: McDonough Matthew T. , Zenas Stephen J. , Gitzen Robert A. , Smith Mark D. , VerCauteren Kurt C. , Ditchkoff Stephen S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere is insufficient understanding of interspecific interactions with the eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) and wild pigs (Sus scrofa). Wild pigs compete with wild turkeys and predate nests and adults; however, population‐level effects on wild turkeys are not clear. Using cameras, we assessed responses of wild turkey populations to wild pig removal in central Alabama, USA, from 2018–2021. We compared wild turkey relative abundance and occupancy on 3 large‐scale pig‐removal treatment sites (3,407–5,531 ha) relative to a control site (2,510 ha) during 1 pre‐treatment year and 2 post‐treatment years, with analyses including a covariate expressing the cumulative number of pigs removed from each site standardized by the initial pig abundance on the site. We removed 1,851 wild pigs from the 3 treatment sites over 22 months. Based on N‐mixture modeling, when the number of pigs removed was equal to our baseline population estimates (i.e., 100% removal relative to initial population), there were 1.50 (95% CL = 1.01–2.23) times as many wild turkeys, and detection of wild turkeys was 2.01 (95% CL = 1.49–2.70) times as likely. Additionally, poults were 3.49 (95% CL = 1.12–10.89) times as likely to occupy an area when the number of pigs removed was equal to our baseline population estimates compared with poult occupancy at baseline pig abundance. Our data suggests that reduction of wild pig populations may lead to a localized increase in populations of wild turkeys.
Finding conserved low‐diameter subgraphs in social and biological networks
Authors: Pan Hao , Lu Yajun , Balasundaram Balabhaskar , Borrero Juan S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe analysis of social and biological networks often involves modeling clusters of interest as cliques or their graph‐theoretic generalizations. The ‐club model, which relaxes the requirement of pairwise adjacency in a clique to length‐bounded paths inside the cluster, has been used to model cohesive subgroups in social networks and functional modules or complexes in biological networks. However, if the graphs are time‐varying, or if they change under different conditions, we may be interested in clusters that preserve their property over time or under changes in conditions. To model such clusters that are conserved in a collection of graphs, we consider a cross‐graph ‐club model, a subset of nodes that forms a ‐club in every graph in the collection. In this article, we consider the canonical optimization problem of finding a cross‐graph ‐club of maximum cardinality in a graph collection. We develop integer programming approaches to solve this problem. Specifically, we introduce strengthened formulations, valid inequalities, and branch‐and‐cut algorithms based on delayed constraint generation. The results of our computational study indicate the significant benefits of using the approaches we introduce.
When Perceptions Meet Motivations: Dynamic Donation Decisions
Authors: Liu Huangjuan , Li Huafang 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAlumni contribute to better educational outcomes by giving to their alma maters and supporting institutional activities. While rational and emotional giving motivations have been extensively documented, little is known about how alumni's perceptions of organizations' environmental and organizational factors influence their giving motivations and decisions. To fill the research gap, this study typologizes giving motivations by examining three representative cases of Chinese universities and their alumni donors. The findings validate the new typology of giving motivations and provide evidence that alumni's perceptions of environmental and organizational factors impact their giving decisions by influencing their rational and emotional giving motivations.
Contemporary Practice and Considerations for Real‐World Data Source Identification and Feasibility Assessment
Authors: Patel Dony , Guleria Sonia , Titievsky Lina , Flaherty Susanna , Everage Nicholas , Korjagina Marta , Porkess Sheuli , Kou Tzuyung Douglas , Layton Deborah 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeThere has been rapid growth in the variety and number of real‐world data (RWD) sources, as well as the number of regulatory documents that provide guidance for assessing the suitability of RWD sources for pharmacoepidemiology studies. This study aims to assess differences in RWD guidance and variability in current practice for identifying and assessing RWD for studies with regulatory purpose.MethodsKey criteria for feasibility assessment were mapped against relevant regulatory guidance documents across US, EU, and Asia‐Pacific regions. An online survey was designed and deployed to International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology members to understand current practice. Findings were summarized and used to inform key considerations and recommendations.ResultsEleven RWD guidance documents were identified and mapped against 14 RWD assessment criteria. Variability was seen across these documents in guidance for these criteria. Between December 2022 and January 2023, 37 survey respondents reported having used RWD for post‐marketing commitments (34, 92%) and/or background epidemiology (28, 76%). RWD were mostly identified through literature (33, 89%) and data landscaping (26, 70%); guidance documents referenced included: Food and Drug Administration (20, 54%), European Network for Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance (17, 46%), European Medical Agency (16, 43%), and Structured Process to Identify Fit‐For‐Purpose Data (11, 30%). Challenges for conducting feasibility assessments included RWD accessibility, ability to complete validation, and RWD provider responsiveness.ConclusionsExisting guidelines are used extensively by researchers, but key criteria for RWD identification and feasibility assessment are not reflected consistently and challenges remain. Recommendations have been made reflecting study findings.
Quantitative Measurement of the Direct Public Health Impact of Medicines Withdrawals in Europe: Development of a Modelling Method and Proof‐of‐Concept Study to Estimate the Morbidity and Mortality Prevented by Regulatory Action
Authors: Lane Samantha , Lynn Elizabeth , Shakir Saad 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeRemoving medicines from market may benefit public health by preventing adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which should be quantified. This study's aim was to identify a model to quantify the impact of medicines' marketing authorisation (MA) withdrawal and revocation in terms of preventing morbidity and mortality.MethodsMA withdrawals and revocations for safety reasons in France, Germany and/or the United Kingdom between July 2012 and December 2016 were identified for prescription medicines. Annual exposure was estimated for each medicine, using IQVIA Medical Research Data (IMRD)‐France, IMRD‐Germany and IMRD‐UK primary care electronic health record databases. European Medicines Agency records provided reasons for regulatory action for each medicine. Absolute risks of ADRs which led to MA withdrawal were estimated for patients exposed to each medicine by systematic review of quantitative research. Public health impact, expressed as annual number of ADRs avoided, was estimated by modelling exposure and ADR risk.ResultsFour MA withdrawals and two revocations met study inclusion criteria. Each product's usage decreased following MA withdrawal or revocation. Absolute risk for ADRs was 0.1%–41.25%. To estimate impact of each withdrawal or revocation, its average annual exposure within each IMRD population was multiplied by the absolute risk to give the crude number of ADRs prevented annually due to regulatory action.ConclusionsThis model quantifies the public health impact of MA withdrawal and revocation in terms of serious morbidity, resulting from eliminated or reduced usage of medicines. This method can be applied to products in other settings to quantify the impact of other pharmacovigilance actions.
A matched analysis of the use of high flow nasal cannula for pediatric severe acute asthma
Authors: Rogerson Colin , AbuSultaneh Samer , Sanchez‐Pinto L. Nelson , Gaston Benjamin , Wiehe Sarah , Schleyer Titus , Tu Wanzhu , Mendonca Eneida 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRationaleThe high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) device is commonly used to treat pediatric severe acute asthma. However, there is little evidence regarding its effectiveness in real‐world practice.ObjectivesWe sought to compare the physiologic effects and clinical outcomes for children treated for severe acute asthma with HFNC versus matched controls.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective matched cohort study at a quaternary care children's hospital. Children ages 2–18 hospitalized for severe acute asthma from 2015 to 2022 were included. Encounters receiving treatment with HFNC within the first 24 h of hospitalization were included as cases. Controls were primarily treated with oxygen facemask. Logistic regression 1:1 propensity score matching was done using demographics, initial vital signs, and medications. The primary outcome was an improvement in clinical asthma symptoms in the first 24 h of hospitalization measured as percent change from initial.Measurements and Main ResultsOf 693 eligible cases, 443 were matched to eligible controls. Propensity scores were closely aligned between the cohorts, with the only significant difference in clinical characteristics being a higher percentage of patients of Black race in the control group (54.3% vs. 46.6%; p = 0.02). Compared to the matched controls, the HFNC cohort had smaller improvements in heart rate (–11.5% [−20.9; –0.9] vs. –14.7% [–22.6;‐5.7]; p < 0.01), respiratory rate (–14.3% [–27.9;5.4] vs. –16.7% [–31.5;0.0]; p = 0.03), and pediatric asthma severity score (–14.3% [–28.6;0.0] vs. –20.0% [–33.3;0.0]; p < 0.01) after 24 h of hospitalization. The HFNC cohort also had longer pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) length of stay (LOS) (1.5 days [1.1;2.1] vs. 1.2 days [0.9;1.8]; p < 0.01) and hospital LOS (2.8 days [2.1;3.8] vs. 2.5 days [1.9;3.4]; p < 0.01). When subgrouping to younger patients (2–3 years old), or those with the highest severity scores (PASS > 9), those treated with HFNC had no difference in clinical symptom improvements but maintained a longer PICU LOS.ConclusionsEncounters using HFNC for severe acute pediatric asthma had decreased clinical improvement in 24 h of hospitalization compared to matched controls and increased LOS. Specific subgroups of younger patients and those with the highest severity scores showed no differences in clinical symptom improvement suggesting differential effects in specific patient populations.
Conductive Carbon from Taro Stems for Simultaneous Detection of Hydroquinone and Catechol
Authors: Sultana Nasrin , Abu Nayem S. M. , Awal Abdul , Hoque Mozammal , Haque Aminul , Ahmed Nafees , Abdul Aziz Md , Saleh Ahammad A. J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study shows that incorporating taro carbon (TC) into a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) significantly enhanced surface charge transfer characteristics and conductivity and successfully separated the hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CT). Moreover, TC on the GCE surface reduced the overpotential of HQ and CT oxidation. Using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the surface morphology and elemental composition of TC was investigated. The enhanced electron transfer process at TC‐GCE was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) investigation. Scan rate analysis revealed that HQ and CT exhibited a higher oxidation affinity at TC‐GCE, with diffusion‐regulated anodic processes. Quantitative analysis showed a linear detection range of 5–200 μM for both HQ and CT, with LOD values of 0.47 μM for HQ and 0.51 μM for CT respectively. The modified electrode showed excellent selectivity, stability, and high recovery rates for detecting HQ and CT in tap water.
Super‐Elastic and Temperature‐Tolerant Hydrogel Electrodes for Supercapacitors via MXene Enhanced Ice‐Templating Synthesis
Authors: Han Dong , Wang Peng , Huang Haitao , Deng Jiahua , Chen Jiankang , Tang Weijie , Wang Tingyi , Li Binbin , Zhang Lili , Lai Linfei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDeveloping flexible energy storage devices with good deformation resistance under extreme operating conditions is highly desirable yet remains very challenging. Super‐elastic MXene‐enhanced polyvinyl alcohol/polyaniline (AMPH) hydrogel electrodes are designed and synthesized through vertical gradient ice templating‐induced polymerization. This approach allows for the unidirectional growth of polyaniline (PANI) and 2D MXene layers along the elongated arrayed ice crystals in a controlled manner. The resulting 3D unidirectional AMPH hydrogel exhibits inherent stretchability and electronic conductivity, with the ability to completely recover its shape even under extreme conditions, such as 500% tensile strain, 50% compressive strain. The presence of MXene in the hydrogel electrode enhances its resilience to mechanical compression and stretching, resulting in less variation in resistance. AMPH has a specific capacitance of 130.68 and 88.02 mF cm−2 at a current density of 0.2 and 2 mA cm−2, respectively, and retains 90% and 70% of its original capacitance at elongation of 100% and 200%, respectively. AMPH‐based supercapacitors demonstrate exceptional performance in high salinity environments and wide temperature ranges (−30–80 °C). The high electrochemical activity, temperature tolerance, and mechanical robustness of AMPH‐based supercapacitor endow it promising as the power supply for flexible and wearable electronic devices.
An Array of Carbon Nanofiber Bundle_Based 3D In Vitro Intestinal Microvilli for Mimicking Functional and Physical Activities of the Small Intestine
Authors: Jang Yeongseok , Kim Hyojae , Oh Jonghyun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearchers have developed in vitro small intestine models of biomimicking microvilli, such as gut‐on‐a‐chip devices. However, fabrication methods developed to date for 2D and 3D in vitro gut still have unsolved limitations. In this study, an innovative fabrication method of a 3D in vitro gut model is introduced for effective drug screening. The villus is formed on a patterned carbon nanofiber (CNF) bundle as a flexible and biocompatible scaffold. Mechanical properties of the fabricated villi structure are investigates. A microfluidic system is applied to induce the movement of CNFs villi. F‐actin and Occludin staining of Caco‐2 cells on a 2D flat‐chip as a control and a 3D gut‐chip with or without fluidic stress is observed. A permeability test of FD20 is performed. The proposed 3D gut‐chip with fluidic stress achieve the highest value of Papp. Mechano‐active stimuli caused by distinct structural and movement effects of CNFs villi as well as stiffness of the suggested CNFs villi not only can help accelerate cell differentiation but also can improve permeability. The proposed 3D gut‐chip system further strengthens the potential of the platform to increase the accuracy of various drug tests.
Magnetic Activation: A Novel Approach to Enhance Hydrogen Evolution Activity of Co0.85Se@CNTs Heterostructured Catalyst
Authors: Xue Hongyao , Wang Jiacheng , Li Xiyue , Liu Ziqi , Zhang Haiqin , Zhang Yaowen , Zhang Yixue , Pan Jiajing , Han Mei , He Yan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe heterostructure strategy is currently an effective method for enhancing the catalytic activity of materials. However, the challenge that is how to further improve their catalytic performance, based on the principles of material modification is must addressed. Herein, a strategy is introduced for magnetically regulating the catalytic activity to further enhance the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity for Co0.85Se@CNTs heterostructured catalyst. Building on heterostructure modulation, an external alternating magnetic field (AMF) is introduced to enhance the electronic localization at the active sites, which significantly boosts catalytic performance (71 to 43 mV at 10 mA cm−2). To elucidate the catalytic mechanism, especially under the influence of the AMF, in situ Raman spectroscopy is innovatively applied to monitor the HER process of Co0.85Se@CNTs, comparing conditions with and without the AMF. This study demonstrates that introducing the AMF does not induce a change in the true active site. Importantly, it shows that the Lorentz force generated by the AMF enhances HER activity by promoting water molecule adsorption and O─H bond cleavage, with the Stark tuning rate indicating increased water interaction and bond cleavage efficiency. Theoretical calculations further support that the AMF optimizes energy barriers for key reaction intermediates (steps of *H2O‐TS and *H+*1/2H2).
Triboelectric Nanogenerator with the Double‐Mass Pendulum Integrated Spacer for Galloping Energy Harvesting of Transmission Lines
Authors: Zhai Shijie , Zhang Xiaosong , Li Hengyu , Yu Yang , Wang Jianlong , Zhang Yaxun , Wang Zhong Lin , Cheng Xiaojun , Cheng Tinghai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe transmission lines galloping severely threatens the safety operation of the power grid. A reliable operation and maintenance alternative is to monitor the transmission lines by wireless sensing and warning devices. In this work, a triboelectric nanogenerator with the double‐mass pendulum integrated spacer (DMPS‐TENG) is proposed for harvesting the galloping energy of transmission lines and powering the wireless monitoring devices. Specifically, by introducing a double‐mass pendulum system, the response frequency of the DMPS‐TENG is reduced, allowing it to harvest energy at lower frequencies in the range of transmission lines galloping (0–3 Hz). Hereby, enhancing the energy harvesting bandwidth and the efficiency. The experiments show that with the introduction of the double‐mass pendulum, the optimum frequency of the harvester is reduced from 2.4 to 1.9 Hz, enhances the harvesting bandwidth by 18%, and enables an average power output of up to 0.32 mW. Additionally, to demonstrate the practical value, a prototype is designed and fabricated to perform three different application experiments in the multi‐split transmission lines simulation system. This work presents an innovative approach for galloping energy harvesting of transmission lines, which can be used to inform further development of sensor networks and visualization of the power grid.
Digitization in Genetics and Diagnostics Laboratories in Armenia
Authors: Babikyan Davit , Sarkisian Tamara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCancer is the second leading cause of death in Armenia. Over the past two decades, the country has seen a significant rise in cancer morbidity and mortality. Additionally, Familial Mediterranean Fever is the most common genetic disorder in Armenia. The current chapter presents an overview of the digitisation progress made within Armenia in the last decades, and how this is impacting healthcare provision. As a low-and middle-income country (LMIC), Armenia can set a useful example for other LMICs with regards to the digitisation implementation in clinical genetics and diagnostics laboratories.
Digitization in Dentistry and Dental Implantology in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Mikayelyan Hrach 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe use of digital technology in healthcare impacts dentistry and dental implantology as well. In high-income countries, digitization is already transforming the way dental treatments are planned and executed. However, the application in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) remains sporadic and limited to specific techniques and/or institutions. This chapter explores the current state of digitization in dentistry and dental implantology in LMICs, as well as the potential areas of opportunity for development in the field. While there are many potential opportunities to still be taken advantage of, digitization in dentistry and dental implantology in LMICs, require consistent support of infrastructure and incentivization of those opportunities for research and innovation, so that digitization can become a catalyst for transforming dental care.