bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemoecological studies on marine natural products: terpene chemistry from marine mollusks
Authors: Mudianta I. Wayan , White Andrew M. ,   Suciati, Katavic Peter L. , Krishnaraj Rahul R. , Winters Anne E. , Mollo Ernesto , Cheney Karen L. , Garson Mary J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSome species of nudibranchs (Mollusca) protect themselves from predatory attacks by storing defensive terpene chemicals acquired from dietary sponges (Porifera) in specialized body parts called MDFs (mantle dermal formations), often advertising their unpalatability to potential predators by means of bright coloration patterns. Consequently, the survival of these trophic specialist species is closely related to the possibility of obtaining the defensive tools from sponges that live in their immediate vicinity; therefore, it is important to determine as precisely as possible the chemical composition of nudibranch extracts prior to any ecological studies addressing issues that involve their alimentary behavior and their defensive strategies, including the significance of their color patterns. Some of our recent studies on the chemical composition of terpene extracts from nudibranchs belonging to the genera Chromodoris and Hypselodoris are summarized. We also report the development of a method to assay extracts and purified metabolites for their feeding deterrent activity against co-occurring generalist predators. In a recent chemoecological study, showing that repugnant terpene chemicals are accumulated at extremely high concentrations in exposed parts of the nudibranchs’ bodies, the feeding deterrence assays were carried out on the generalist marine shrimp Palaemon elegans, very common in the Mediterranean. We have modified this assay for use with the Australian shrimp species P. serenus, and confirmed the ecological validity of the assay by analysis of extracts from species of sponges and mollusks that live in the same habitat as P. serenus. The deterrent properties of haliclonacyclamine alkaloids isolated from the sponge Haliclona sp. were demonstrated, with the alkaloid mixture demonstrating palatability deterrence at concentrations as low as 0.05 mg/mL, and complete deterrence at 0.75 mg/mL. In contrast, the diterpene thuridillin metabolites from the sacoglossan mollusk Thuridilla splendens did not deter feeding by P. serenus.
Hydrogenation of carboxylic acid derivatives with bifunctional ruthenium catalysts
Authors: Ikariya Takao , Kayaki Yoshihito 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper focuses on recent advances in the chemistry of bifunctional Ru catalysts with chelate protic amine ligands effective for hydrogenation of polar carbonyl compounds. The rational design of the cooperating amine ligand that adjusts the balance of the electronic factors on the M/NH units in the bifunctional catalysts is crucial to exploit the characteristic catalytic performance with a wide scope and high practicability. These bifunctional molecular catalysts offer a great opportunity to develop new fundamental processes for the straightforward hydrogenation of carboxylic acid derivatives as a powerful alternative for classical reduction using stoichiometric amounts of metal hydride reagents.
Candidate biomarkers of multiple system atrophy in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Zhang Feng , Chen Jianwen , Zhao Li , Dong Chunbo 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease that presents as an autonomic dysfunction in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism and cerebellar ataxia. It comprises a pathologically widespread neuronal loss accompanied by gliosis in the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, inferior olivary nuclei, and spinal cord. As a rapidly progressive disorder, MSA develops with autonomic dysfunction and mobility problems in several years. These autonomic and motor function impairments severely disrupt the patients’ daily lives. Currently, the therapeutic management of this disease is only symptomatic. An early and accurate diagnosis is helpful not only in the clinical field but also in the research for new therapies. The biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum facilitate the differential diagnosis of MSA when the disease is difficult to recognize based on the clinical features or even presymptomatic. This review will summarize the biomarkers present in CSF that are potential candidates to accurately differentiate MSA from other similar neurodegenerative disorders.
Investigating the performance of AIC in selecting phylogenetic models
Authors: Jhwueng Dwueng-Chwuan , Huzurbazar Snehalata , O’Meara Brian C. , Liu Liang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe popular likelihood-based model selection criterion, Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC), is a breakthrough mathematical result derived from information theory. AIC is an approximation to Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence with the derivation relying on the assumption that the likelihood function has finite second derivatives. However, for phylogenetic estimation, given that tree space is discrete with respect to tree topology, the assumption of a continuous likelihood function with finite second derivatives is violated. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the expected log likelihood of a candidate model, and the expected KL divergence in the context of phylogenetic tree estimation. We find that given the tree topology, AIC is an unbiased estimator of the expected KL divergence. However, when the tree topology is unknown, AIC tends to underestimate the expected KL divergence for phylogenetic models. Simulation results suggest that the degree of underestimation varies across phylogenetic models so that even for large sample sizes, the bias of AIC can result in selecting a wrong model. As the choice of phylogenetic models is essential for statistical phylogenetic inference, it is important to improve the accuracy of model selection criteria in the context of phylogenetics.
High Doses of Methylprednisolone in the Management of Caustic Esophageal Burns
Authors: Usta Merve , Erkan Tülay , Cokugras Fugen Cullu , Urganci Nafiye , Onal Zerrin , Gulcan Mahir , Kutlu Tufan 
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE:
Caustic substance ingestion in childhood is a public health issue in developing countries, and several management protocols have been proposed to prevent the resulting esophageal strictures. The role of corticosteroids in preventing corrosive-induced strictures is controversial. Our aim was to study the influence of high doses of corticosteroids in preventing esophageal strictures.

METHODS:
Eighty-three children with a mean age of 4.10 ± 2.63 years and with grade IIb esophageal burns (an esophagogastroscopy was performed within 24–48 hours of injury) due to corrosive substance ingestion were enrolled in our study between 2005 and 2008. Forty-two children (study group) received methylprednisolone (1 g/1.73 m2 per day for 3 days), ranitidine, ceftriaxone, and total parenteral nutrition. Forty-one children (control group) were administered the same regimen excluding methylprednisolone. Stricture development was compared between groups based on endoscopic and radiologic findings.

RESULTS:
During the endoscopic examination, stricture development was observed in 4 patients (10.8%) in the study group and in 12 patients (30%) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P = .038). The stricture development rate in the upper gastrointestinal system with barium meal was 14.3% and 45.0% in the study and control groups, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P = .004). The duration of total parenteral nutrition was shorter in the study group compared with the control group (P = .001). High doses of methylprednisolone were well tolerated in the study group without any side effects.

CONCLUSIONS:
High doses of methylprednisolone used for the management of grade IIb esophageal burns may reduce stricture development.
Resolved Psychosis after Liver Transplantation in a Patient with Wilson’s Disease
Authors: Sorbello Orazio , Riccio Daniela , Sini Margherita , Carta Mauro , Demelia Luigi 
Published: May 2014

A psychiatric involvement is frequently present in Wilson’s disease. Psychiatric symptoms are sometimes the first and only manifestation of Wilson’s disease. More often a psychiatric involvement is present beside a neurologic or hepatic disease.
We describe the case of a 18 years-old male patient who shows a clinic and laboratoristic pattern of cirrhosis and an history of subchronic hallucinatory psychosis, behavioral symptoms and mood disturbances with depressed mood. He hadn’t familiar history of liver or psychiatric disease. Laboratory and imaging tests confirmed the diagnosis of Wilson’s disease with psichiatric involvement. After liver transplantation copper metabolism and liver function normalised and we noticed no recurrency of the psichiatric illness. Very few cases of psychiatric improvement after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has been described until now.
Canine Brief Pain Inventory scores for dogs with osteoarthritis before and after administration of a monoclonal antibody against nerve growth factor
Authors: Webster Ralph P. , Anderson Gail I. , Gearing David P. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine changes in Canine Brief Pain Inventory scores for dogs with osteoarthritis after administration of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against nerve growth factor (NGF) that was modified by use of a proprietary process for administration to dogs.
Animals—11 adult dogs.
Procedures—Dogs received the anti-NGF mAb (0.2 mg/kg, IV) at various evaluation times during the study period; at other evaluation times, dogs received an equivalent volume of PBS solution IV. Owners determined Canine Brief Pain Inventory pain severity (PS) and pain interference (PI) scores immediately before (baseline) and 2, 4, and 6 weeks after administration of the anti-NGF mAb; owners were unaware of the evaluation time at which the mAb had been administered.
Results—Compared with baseline PS scores (median, 4.75; range, 0.75 to 8.5), dogs had significantly lower PS scores 2 weeks (median, 3; range, 1 to 5.5) and 4 weeks (median, 2.25; range, 0.25 to 7.25) after administration of anti-NGF mAb. Compared with baseline PI scores (median, 5.33; range, 1.17 to 9.33), dogs had significantly lower PI scores 2 weeks (median, 3; range, 0.67 to 6.83) and 4 weeks (median, 3.33; range, 0.67 to 6.67) after administration of anti-NGF mAb. The PS and PI scores 6 weeks after mAb administration were lower than baseline scores, although values were not significantly different.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study suggested the evaluated anti-NGF mAb decreased PS and PI scores for 4 weeks after administration. This treatment may be effective for alleviation of signs of pain in dogs with osteoarthritis for up to 4 weeks.
Evaluation of four methods for inducing death during slaughter of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
Authors: Nevarez Javier G. , Strain George M. , da Cunha Anderson F. , Beaufrère Hugues 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate physical methods for inducing death during the slaughter of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis).
Animals—24 captive hatched-and-reared American alligators.
Procedures—Baseline electroencephalograms (EEGs) were obtained for awake and anesthetized alligators. Corneal reflex, spontaneous blinking, and EEGs were evaluated after severance of the spinal cord, severance of the spinal cord followed by pithing of the brain, application of a penetrating captive bolt, or application of a nonpenetrating captive bolt (6 alligators/group).
Results—Overall, alligators subjected to spinal cord severance alone differed from those subjected to the other techniques. Spinal cord severance alone resulted in postprocedure EEG power values greater than those in anesthetized alligators, whereas the postprocedure EEG power values were isoelectric for the other 3 techniques. Corneal reflex and spontaneous blinking were absent in all alligators immediately after application of a penetrating or nonpenetrating captive bolt. One of 6 alligators had a corneal reflex up to 1 minute after pithing, but all others within that group had immediate cessation of reflexes after pithing. Mean time to loss of spontaneous blinking and corneal reflex for alligators subjected to spinal cord severance alone was 18 minutes (range, 2 to 37 minutes) and 54 minutes (range, 34 to 99 minutes), respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Spinal cord severance followed by pithing of the brain and application of a penetrating or nonpenetrating captive bolt appeared to be humane and effective techniques for inducing death in American alligators, whereas spinal cord severance alone was not found to be an appropriate method.
Reproducibility and feasibility of acoustoelastography in the superficial digital flexor tendons of clinically normal horses
Authors: Ellison Michelle E. , Duenwald-Kuehl Sarah , Forrest Lisa J. , Vanderby Ray , Brounts Sabrina H. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the feasibility and repeatability of in vivo measurement of stiffness gradients by means of acoustoelastography in the superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFTs) of clinically normal horses.
Animals—15 clinically normal horses.
Procedures—For each horse, stiffness gradient index and dispersion values for SDFTs in both forelimbs were evaluated in longitudinal orientation by use of acoustoelastography at 3 sites (5, 10, and 15 cm distal to the accessory carpal bone) by 2 observers; for each observer, data were acquired twice per site. The left forelimb was always scanned before the right forelimb. Lifting of the contralateral forelimb with the carpus flexed during image acquisition resulted in the required SDFT deformation in the evaluated limb. Interobserver repeatability, intraobserver repeatability, and right-to-left limb symmetry for stiffness gradient index and dispersion values were evaluated.
Results—Stiffness gradient index and dispersion values for SDFTs at different locations as well as effects of age or sex did not differ significantly among the 15 horses. Interclass correlation coefficients for interobserver repeatability, intraobserver repeatability, and limb symmetry revealed good to excellent agreement (intraclass correlation coefficients, > 0.74).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that acoustoelastography is a feasible and repeatable technique for measuring stiffness gradients in SDFTs in clinically normal horses, and could potentially be used to compare healthy and diseased tendon states.
Effect of intramammary administration of prednisolone on the blood-milk barrier during the immune response of the mammary gland to lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Wellnitz Olga , Wall Samantha K. , Saudenova Makhabbat , Bruckmaier Rupert M. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Objective—To investigate effects of intramammary administration of prednisolone on the immune response of mammary glands in cows.
Animals—5 lactating Red Holsteins.
Procedures—Cows received a different intramammary infusion in each mammary gland (10 mg of prednisolone, 100 μg of lipopolysaccharide [LPS], 100 μg of LPS and 10 mg of prednisolone, or saline [0.9% NaCl] solution). Milk samples were collected before (time 0) and 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 36 hours after treatment. Somatic cell count (SCC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and concentrations of serum albumin (SA) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in milk and mRNA expression of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-1β in milk somatic cells were analyzed.
Results—Saline solution or prednisolone did not change SCC, LDH activity, and SA and TNF-α concentrations in milk and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 in milk somatic cells. The SCC and TNF-α concentration in milk increased similarly in glands infused with LPS, independent of prednisolone administration. However, the increase of LDH activity and SA concentration in milk after LPS infusion was diminished by prednisolone administration. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-1β in milk somatic cells increased after LPS infusion and was unaffected by prednisolone.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Intramammary administration of prednisolone did not induce an immune response and did not change mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-8, and L-1β during the response to intramammary administration of LPS. However, prednisolone reduced disruption of the blood-milk barrier. This could influence the severity and cure rate of mastitis.
In vitro evaluation of anatomic landmarks for the placement of suture to achieve effective arytenoid cartilage abduction by means of unilateral cricoarytenoid lateralization in dogs
Authors: Gauthier Christopher M. , Monnet Eric 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate anatomic landmarks to define the ideal suture placement location to achieve appropriate and consistent arytenoid cartilage abduction via unilateral cricoarytenoid lateralization (UCL) in dogs.
Sample—6 cadaveric canine larynges.
Procedures—Laryngeal airway resistance (LAR) was determined for each specimen before (baseline) and after suture placements with the epiglottis open and closed. To achieve UCL, suture was placed through the cricoid cartilage just caudal to the cricoarytenoid articulation (suture placement position [SPP] 1), one-fourth of the distance caudally between the cricoarytenoid and cricothyroid articulations (SPP 2), and three-fourths of the distance caudally between the cricoarytenoid and cricothyroid articulations (SPP 3). The LAR was again calculated after tensioning of each suture separately.
Results—With a closed epiglottis, median LAR was 30.0, 20.4, 11.4, and 3.3 cm H2O/L/s at baseline and SPPs 1, 2, and 3, respectively. After UCL at SPP 1, LAR with the epiglottis closed was not significantly different from that at baseline. With an open epiglottis, median LAR was 2.0, 0.4, 0.2, and 0.0 cm H2O/L/s at baseline and SPPs 1, 2, and 3, respectively. After UCL at SPPs 1, 2, or 3, LAR with an open epiglottis was significantly lower than that at baseline.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that placement of suture through the cricoid cartilage at the caudal border of the cricoarytenoid articulation was appropriate to sufficiently reduce LAR without increasing the risk of aspiration pneumonia through overabduction of the arytenoid cartilage.
Évaluation des politiques publiques : trois illustrations dans le champ culturel
Authors: Brodaty Thibault 
Published: May 2014

L’évaluation des politiques publiques permet de mesurer l’effectivité de la mise en œuvre d’une mesure et son efficacité, évaluée selon les objectifs définis et justifiant l’intervention publique. Les méthodologies d’évaluation des politiques publiques peuvent être de différentes natures et les sciences économiques disposent d’outils permettant une évaluation d’ordre économétrique. Comparer directement les bénéficiaires et les non-bénéficiaires d’une mesure fournit une évaluation biaisée dans la mesure où ces deux groupes ont en général des caractéristiques différentes. Les méthodes économétriques ont en commun de résoudre ce problème en permettant de raisonner « toutes choses égales par ailleurs », c’est-à-dire d’isoler l’effet de la mesure afin d’en apprécier l’impact propre. Conformément au modèle causal de Rubin, l’évaluation consiste ainsi à comparer la situation que l’on peut observer avec celle que l’on observerait en l’absence d’intervention publique. Cette dernière, appelée situation contrefactuelle, est fondamentalement inobservable et tout l’enjeu des méthodes économétriques est d’en fournir une estimation la plus précise possible. Les trois outils les plus classiques sont présentés ici et illustrés par trois dispositifs d’intervention publique dans le champ de la culture : le label lir , le dispositif École et cinéma et le crédit d’impôt audiovisuel. Dans le cas du label lir , il est proposé d’évaluer si le label a permis à certaines librairies d’améliorer leur taux de rentabilité. Le label lir permet d’exposer théoriquement la méthode des différences de différences ou estimateur en double différences, qui consiste à comparer avant et après la création du label les librairies labellisées et non labellisées pour évaluer son efficacité. Avec le dispositif École et cinéma, l’évaluateur se demande si le programme a permis de développer le goût des enfants pour le cinéma en analysant le taux de fréquentation annuelle des salles obscures des jeunes adultes. École et cinéma permet d’illustrer la méthode des variables instrumentales qui consiste à utiliser une source de variation exogène qui n’a pas d’effet direct sur le nombre d’entrées au cinéma des jeunes adultes mais qui explique la participation au programme de ces jeunes à l’école primaire. Enfin, la méthode de la régression avec discontinuité est proposée pour l’évaluation du crédit d’impôt audiovisuel afin d’analyser l’objectif de localisation française des dépenses de production en mesurant le nombre de jours de tournage sur le sol français des sociétés de production. Cette méthode consiste à profiter de l’existence d’un score de sélection des participants au programme, et de restreindre l’évaluation au voisinage du seuil donnant l’accès au crédit d’impôt afin de mimer une affectation aléatoire des individus dans le programme. Plutôt qu’une évaluation des dispositifs proposés ici à titre illustratif, cette publication vise à exposer des outils encore peu mobilisés pour l’évaluation de politiques culturelles.
Du « corps-handicap » au « corps pensant ». A propos d'une rencontre au psychodrame
Authors: Léon Julien , Denans Julien 
Published: May 2014

Dans cet article, les auteurs interrogent à partir de leur pratique du psychodrame le paradigme psychopathologique du retard mental, cela à contre-courant de l’idée d’un patient trop souvent réduit au corps-handicap, essentialisé dans son déficit et quelque part déclaré « inapte » à l’approche psychothérapique. Qu’il s’agisse de motricité élaborative, de processus de pensée, de capacité de représentation, l’enjeu devrait bien se cristalliser autour de la dimension éthique : se défaire du simple prisme imaginaire du handicap et favoriser alors la rencontre en ses fondements langagiers et symboliques.
Prendre le temps : pourquoi, comment ?
Authors: Schwab Emmanuel 
Published: May 2014

Si le temps s’accélère, il devient plus difficile de le « prendre. » Cela réinterroge les fondements du rapport de l’homme au temps. Cet article développe l’idée d’une temporalité humaine plurielle, faite de crises réorganisatrices. Il montre comment les négociations du cadre sont une façon d’inviter le dialogue avec le temps dans l’espace thérapeutique.
Complexité et transfert dans l'acquisition du français langue étrangère : le cas des apprenants chypriotes du FLE
Authors: Monville-Burston Monique 
Published: May 2014

Le but de cet article est de montrer l’intérêt que peut avoir le recours au concept de complexité dans l’étude de l’acquisition des langues étrangères. On examine d’abord certaines des perspectives dominantes récentes concernant la complexité en linguistique, sa définition et sa mesure. La complexité linguistique absolue (objective) et la complexité d’usage (relative) sont distinguées, la première étant une composante de la seconde dans l’appropriation des langues étrangères. Une fois ce cadre établi, suit une discussion de l’acquisition de deux domaines complexes du français, du point de vue d’apprenants chypriotes grecs : l’un est grammatical (la formation des relatives) et l’autre phonologique (l’opposition [+/- voisé] dans les occlusives). Une strate supplémentaire de complexité s’ajoute, du fait de la diglossie chypriote et donc de la dualité de la langue source (variété basse-dialecte chypriote et variété haute-grec standard soutenu). Les deux types de complexité, objective et relative, conspirent pour rendre l’acquisition difficile et pour provoquer des transferts et des restructurations – qui sont décrits et analysés.