bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the factor Xa inhibitor apixaban after oral and intravenous administration to cats
Authors: Myers Jennifer A. , Wittenburg Luke A. , Olver Christine S. , Martinez Caitlyn M. , Bright Janice M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the novel factor Xa inhibitor apixaban in clinically normal cats.
ANIMALS 5 purpose-bred domestic shorthair cats.
PROCEDURES A single dose of apixaban (0.2 mg/kg, PO) was administered to each cat (time 0), and blood samples were obtained at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 240, 360, 480, and 1,440 minutes. After a 1-week washout period, another dose of apixaban (0.2 mg/kg, IV) was administered to each cat, and blood samples were obtained at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 240, 360, 480, and 1,440 minutes. Apixaban concentrations in plasma were measured via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacodynamic effects of apixaban were determined with a commercial assay for factor × activity, which measures endogenous factor Xa activity chromogenically.
RESULTS Factor Xa was inhibited as a function of time after a single dose of apixaban administered orally or IV, and a direct inverse correlation with the plasma apixaban concentration was detected. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed moderate clearance, short half-life, and high bioavailability for apixaban. A 2-compartment model was fit to the IV pharmacokinetic data; compartmental modeling could not be used to adequately describe the oral data because of substantial interindividual variability.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results inticated that apixaban was an effective inhibitor of factor Xa in cats. Further studies will be needed to determine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after multidose administration, effects of cardiac disease on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, dosing recommendations, and efficacy of apixaban for use in the treatment and prevention of thromboembolic disease in cats.
An acoustic analysis of Pahari oral vowels
Authors: Khan Abdul Qadir 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The aim of the current study is to present an acoustic account of the twelve oral vowels of Pahari by analyzing their formant pattern (F1 and F2) and duration. T o achieve this aim, an experiment was conducted. T em native speakers of Pahari participated in the study and were given a list of 12 oral vowels in CVC context for recording, where V is the target vowel. T he recorded material was analyzed by using Praat software. T he spectral analysis (F1 and F2) show that Pahari has four close, six mid and two open vowels. T he results also show that in term of duration these vowels occur in the form of long-short pairs that differ significantly quantatively (vowel duration).The study further exhibits that the short vowels are centralized as compared to their long counterpart
Early Incorporation of an Evidence-Based Aquatic-Assisted Approach to Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Rehabilitation: Prospective Case Study
Authors: Burmaster Chris , Eckenrode Brian J. , Stiebel Matthew 
Published: July 2015

Background and PurposeBoth traditional and progressive rotator cuff repair rehabilitation protocols often delay active motion of the shoulder for 6 weeks or more. The early inclusion of a comprehensive aquatic-assisted exercise program presents a unique approach to postoperative management. The purpose of this case study is to describe a comprehensive evidence-based, aquatic-assisted rehabilitation program following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.Case DescriptionA 73-year-old woman with a nonretracted, medium-size, full-thickness tear (2.5 cm) of the supraspinatus tendon underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and was referred for postoperative physical therapy. The rehabilitation program was initiated at 2 weeks postoperatively and consisted of concurrent land- and aquatic-based interventions over 6 weeks for a total of 18 physical therapy visits.OutcomesImprovements were made in all 5 patient-reported outcome measures that were recorded weekly over the course of care. Improvements reached or exceeded minimal detectable change levels for the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index and the Penn Shoulder Score. Her numeric pain rating scale score at rest decreased from 4/10 at the initial evaluation to 2/10 at 8 weeks postoperatively and with activity decreased from 9/10 to 6/10. Shoulder strength and range of motion values also exhibited improvement over the course of care. No adverse events occurred during the case study.DiscussionThis case study illustrates the safe inclusion of low-stress aquatic exercises as an early adjunct to traditional land-based rotator cuff repair rehabilitation programs in small- to medium-size repairs. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term effectiveness of adding aquatic therapy to traditional postoperative programs.
CD36 Is Essential for Regulation of the Host Innate Response to Staphylococcus aureus α-Toxin–Mediated Dermonecrosis
Authors: Castleman Moriah J. , Febbraio Maria , Hall Pamela R. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the primary cause of skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs) in the United States. α-Hemolysin (Hla), a pore-forming toxin secreted by S. aureus and a major contributor to tissue necrosis, prompts recruitment of neutrophils critical for host defense against S. aureus infections. However, the failure to clear apoptotic neutrophils can result in damage to host tissues, suggesting that mechanisms of neutrophil clearance are essential to limiting Hla-mediated dermonecrosis. We hypothesized that CD36, a scavenger receptor which facilitates recognition of apoptosing cells, would play a significant role in regulating Hla-mediated inflammation and tissue injury during S. aureus SSSI. In this study, we show that CD36 on macrophages negatively regulates dermonecrosis caused by Hla-producing S. aureus. This regulation is independent of bacterial burden, as CD36 also limits dermonecrosis caused by intoxication with sterile bacterial supernatant or purified Hla. Dermonecrotic lesions of supernatant intoxicated CD36−/− mice are significantly larger, with increased neutrophil accumulation and IL-1β expression, compared with CD36+/+ (wild-type) mice. Neutrophil depletion of CD36−/− mice prevents this phenotype, demonstrating the contribution of neutrophils to tissue injury in this model. Furthermore, administration of CD36+/+ but not CD36−/− macrophages near the site of intoxication reduces dermonecrosis, IL-1β production and neutrophil accumulation to levels seen in wild-type mice. This therapeutic effect is reversed by inhibiting actin polymerization in the CD36+/+ macrophages, supporting a mechanism of action whereby CD36-dependent macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils regulates Hla-mediated dermonecrosis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that CD36 is essential for controlling the host innate response to S. aureus skin infection.
Chest tuberculosis: Radiological review and imaging recommendations
Authors: Bhalla Ashu Seith , Goyal Ankur , Guleria Randeep , Gupta Arun Kumar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractChest tuberculosis (CTB) is a widespread problem, especially in our country where it is one of the leading causes of mortality. The article reviews the imaging findings in CTB on various modalities. We also attempt to categorize the findings into those definitive for active TB, indeterminate for disease activity, and those indicating healed TB. Though various radiological modalities are widely used in evaluation of such patients, no imaging guidelines exist for the use of these modalities in diagnosis and follow-up. Consequently, imaging is not optimally utilized and patients are often unnecessarily subjected to repeated CT examinations, which is undesirable. Based on the available literature and our experience, we propose certain recommendations delineating the role of imaging in the diagnosis and follow-up of such patients. The authors recognize that this is an evolving field and there may be future revisions depending on emergence of new evidence.
USG-guided needle-directed pulse-spray pharmaco-mechanical thrombolysis of hemodialysis grafts/fistula: A novel technique
Authors: Amitha Vikrama KS , Srivalli N , Raju Venkataramana S 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe incidence of end-stage renal disease is significantly increasing and most patients who require renal transplantation are undergoing hemodialysis through tunneled/non-tunneled dialysis catheters and arteriovenous fistulas. The greatest disadvantage of the hemodialysis access is  the limited durability of the arteriovenous fistulas and grafts, which, on average, remain patent for <3 years, but are the lifeline for hemodialysis patients. Catheter-directed interventions are successful in re-establishing flow in more than 80% of thrombosed hemodialysis fistulas and have become the treatment of choice for failing or thrombosed accesses. However, these interventions are expensive and require a tertiary center with well-equipped labs. The novel technique of needle-directed thrombolysis is less expensive and can be done on an OPD basis in any primary healthcare setup. To the extent we have searched, no such technique has been published so far in the English literature.
Perspectives in ultrasound-guided musculoskeletal interventions
Authors: Daftary Aditya Ravindra , Karnik Alpana Sudhir 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUltrasonography (USG) is a safe, easily available, and cost-effective modality, which has the additional advantage of being real time for imaging and image-guided interventions of the musculoskeletal system. Musculoskeletal interventions are gaining popularity in sports and rehabilitation for rapid healing of muscle and tendon injuries in professional athletes, healing of chronic tendinopathies, aspiration of joint effusions, periarticular bursae and ganglia, and perineural injections in acute and chronic pain syndromes. This article aims to provide an overview of the spectrum of musculoskeletal interventions that can be done under USG guidance both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia associated with intramuscular myxomas: Mazabraud syndrome
Authors: Samper Wamba Jose Daniel , Fernandez Bermudez Maria Jose , Dominguez Teresa Lorenzo , Pascua Luis Ramos 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe authors report a new case of Mazabraud syndrome in a 69-year-old woman complaining of pain in her right thigh. Plain radiographs demonstrated radiological findings consistent with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of the right femur and tibia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study showed soft tissue tumors located in the vastus intermedius muscle with typical signal features of intramuscular myxomas. Biopsy was not performed because of its benign nature. Symptomatic treatment was prescribed and all the lesions remained 1 year after the diagnosis.
Choledochal cyst of the cystic duct: Report of imaging findings in three cases and review of literature
Authors: Sethi Sonali , Upreti Lalendra , Verma Amit K , Puri Sunil K 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe choledochal cysts, which refer to the cystic dilatation of the biliary duct, are rare lesions generally seen in children. Choledochal cyst of the cystic duct is an uncommon entity. Often, it is associated with the choledochal cyst of the rest of the biliary tree. Isolated cystic duct choledochal cyst is quite rare. Most of these lesions have been recognized only on surgery. Modern cross-sectional imaging methods have facilitated preoperative recognition and characterization of cystic duct cyst enabling formulation of appropriate management strategy. We report the imaging findings in three cases of choledochal cyst involving the cystic duct. All these cases were correctly diagnosed preoperatively. A review of cases reported in the literature and the role of imaging in guiding the management are also presented.
Local Heuristics and an Exact Formula for Abelian Surfaces Over Finite Fields
Authors: Achter Jeffrey , Williams Cassandra 
Published: July 2015

AbstractConsider a quartic q-Weil polynomial ƒ. Motivated by equidistribution considerations, we define, for each prime ℓ, a local factor that measures the relative frequency with which ƒ mod ℓ occurs as the characteristic polynomial of a symplectic similitude over 𝔽ℓ. For a certain class of polynomials, we show that the resulting infinite product calculates the number of principally polarized abelian surfaces over 𝔽q with Weil polynomial ƒ.
The assessment of dog welfare in the waiting room of a veterinary clinic
Authors: Mariti C , Raspanti E , Zilocchi M , Carlone B , Gazzano A 
Published: July 2015

AbstractVeterinary visits are known to be stressful for many dogs. The aim of this study was to assess dog welfare in the waiting room of the veterinary clinic through a multi-modal, non-invasive approach. Forty-five dogs were each videoed for 3 min in the waiting room of a veterinary clinic where they went for a scheduled visit. The welfare of each dog was assessed using a thorough video analysis and two overall evaluations (low, medium and high stress); one performed by a veterinary behaviourist and one by the dog's owner. Two-thirds of dogs spent more than 20% of the time displaying at least one indicator of stress, and 53.3% showed four or more behavioural signs of stress. Assessments of stress by the behaviourist indicated that level of stress in the waiting room was high in 28.9% of cases. The agreement between owners’ and behaviourist's overall evaluations was quite low. The behaviourist's evaluations were strongly correlated with the time spent by dogs showing signs of stress and moderately correlated with the number of displayed signs, whilst owners’ evaluations were not closely correlated to those factors. Dogs rated as highly stressed by the behaviourist were more prone to display resistance (halting, refusing to budge) when moving from the waiting room to the consultation room. The results of this pilot study support the idea that the welfare of dogs in the veterinary waiting room is often impaired, and that owners are unable to accurately assess stress in their dogs in such situations.
Brachycephalic problems of pugs relevant to animal welfare
Authors: Bartels A , Martin V , Bidoli E , Steigmeier-Raith S , Brühschwein A , Reese S , Köstlin R , Erhard M 
Published: July 2015

AbstractExcessive breeding for brachycephaly (fore-shortened muzzle) has led to increasing problems in pugs related to brachycephalic airway syndrome (BAS). Consequently, the German Pug Club (Deutscher Mopsclub eV; DMC) established a stress test in 2009 that must be passed for breeding and requires normalised heart and respiratory rates 15 min after having covered a distance of 1 km. In this study, 42 pugs underwent the stress test under standardised conditions. Taking into account that this exercise should not be too physically demanding for any healthy dog, the results were surprising: 14 of the pugs failed, ie a failure rate of 33.3%. In addition to the stress test, the pugs were assessed according to their heart and respiratory rates at rest, which we predicted would be associated with BAS, and in this test, 21 out of 42 pugs failed. Thus, 50.0% of the pugs were in a severely compromised physical condition. A further group of seven retropugs, ie a crossbreed of pugs with a slightly longer muzzle, was included in the study to compare brachycephalic problems. All of the retropugs passed the test, even when respiratory and heart rates at rest were considered. However, the findings may not be transferable to all retropugs because of the small sample size, so further research is needed. In summary, this study has enabled the development of recommendations for future implementation of stress tests.
Automatic classification of measures of lying to assess the lameness of broilers
Authors: Aydin A , Bahr C , Berckmans D 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLeg disorders are a major cause of poor welfare in broilers. Previous studies have shown that at slaughter age at least 90% of chickens experienced some degree of gait problems and approximately 30% were seriously lame. In this study, a new and non-invasive technique was developed to automatically assess the lameness of the birds. For this purpose, video surveillance images of broilers with five different pre-defined gait scores were recorded as they walked along a test corridor. Afterwards, the image-processing algorithm was applied to detect the number of lying events (NOL) and latency to lie down (LTL) of broiler chickens. Then, the results of the algorithm were compared with visually assessed manual labelling data (reference method) and the relation between these measures and lameness was investigated. Eighty-three percent of NOL were correctly classified by the automatic monitoring system when compared to manual labelling using a data set collected from 250 broiler chickens. The results also showed a positive significant correlation between NOL and gait score and a significant negative correlation between LTL and gait-score level of broilers. Since strong correlations were found, on the one hand, between two measures and gait-score level of broiler chickens and, on the other, between the results of algorithm and manual labelling, the results suggest this automatic monitoring system may have the potential to be used as a tool for assessing lameness of broiler chickens.
Seasonal variation in concentration, size, and settling velocity of muddy marine flocs in the benthic boundary layer
Authors: Fettweis Michael , Baeye Matthias 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSuspended Particulate Matter (SPM) concentration profiles of the lowest 2 m of the water column and particle size distribution at 2 m above the bed were measured in a coastal turbidity maximum area (southern North Sea) during more than 700 days between 2006 and 2013. The long‐term data series of SPM concentration, floc size, and settling velocity have been ensemble averaged according to tidal range, alongshore residual flow direction, and season, in order to investigate the seasonal SPM dynamics and its relation with physical and biological processes. The data show that the SPM is more concentrated in the near‐bed layer in summer, whereas in winter, the SPM is better mixed throughout the water column. The decrease of the SPM concentration in the water column during summer is compensated by a higher near‐bed concentration indicating that a significant part of the SPM remains in the area during summer rather than being advected out of it. The opposite seasonality between near‐bed layer and water column has to our knowledge not yet been presented in literature. Physical effects such as wave heights, wind climate, or storms have a weak correlation with the observed seasonality. The argument to favor microbial activity as main driver of the seasonality lies in the observed variations in floc size and settling velocity. On average, the flocs are larger and thus settling velocities higher in summer than winter.
Thermal conductivity measurements in unsaturated hydrate‐bearing sediments
Authors: Dai Sheng , Cha Jong‐Ho , Rosenbaum Eilis J. , Zhang Wu , Seol Yongkoo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCurrent database on the thermal properties of hydrate‐bearing sediments remains limited and has not been able to capture their consequential changes during gas production where vigorous phase changes occur in this unsaturated system. This study uses the transient plane source (TPS) technique to measure the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate‐bearing sediments with various hydrate/water/gas saturations. We propose a simplified method to obtain thermal properties from single‐sided TPS signatures. Results reveal that both volume fraction and distribution of the pore constituents govern the thermal conductivity of unsaturated specimens. Thermal conductivity hysteresis is observed due to water redistribution and fabric change caused by hydrate formation and dissociation. Measured thermal conductivity increases evidently when hydrate saturation Sh > 30–40%, shifting upward from the geometric mean model prediction to a Pythagorean mixing model. These observations envisage a significant drop in sediment thermal conductivity when residual hydrate/water saturation falls below ~40%, hindering further gas production.
Slow magnetic Rossby waves in the Earth's core
Authors: Hori K. , Jones C. A. , Teed R. J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe westward drift component of the secular variation is likely to be a signal of waves riding on a background mean flow. By separating the wave and mean flow contributions, we can infer the strength of the “hidden” azimuthal part of the magnetic field within the core. We explore the origin of the westward drift commonly seen in dynamo simulations and show that it propagates at the speed of the slow magnetic Rossby waves with respect to a mean zonal flow. Our results indicate that such waves could be excited in the Earth's core and that wave propagation may indeed play some role in the longitudinal drift, particularly at higher latitudes where the wave component is relatively strong, the equatorial westward drift being dominated by the mean flow. We discuss a potential inference of the RMS toroidal field strength within the Earth's core from the observed drift rate.
Threshold for spacecraft charging in double‐Maxwellian plasma
Authors: Huang Jianguo , Liu Guoqing , Jiang Lixiang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCharging of geosynchronous satellites has been attracting much attention. The geosynchronous plasma is generally modeled by single‐Maxwellian distribution or better modeled by double‐Maxwellian distribution in disturbed environments. For single‐Maxwellian plasma, the critical temperature has been predicted theoretically for onset of negative surface charging. While for double‐Maxwellian plasma, in which charging determination becomes more complicated, there is not an analogous threshold condition developed so far. In this paper, the threshold condition for onset of negative charging in eclipse is developed theoretically, namely, the spacecraft charging can be triggered when the weighted average of the total averaged yields of secondary and backscattered electron for the two plasmas equals to unity. The threshold condition indicates that both temperatures and density ratio of the two components are decisive to onset of spacecraft charging. The charging behaviors for two typical cases are discussed; it is found that sudden potential jump at the threshold does not always occur, which is different from conventional understandings. Whether the potential jumps abruptly or transits smoothly to negative domain depends on the specific condition. The criterion for potential jump with a short form is acquired theoretically, and it predicts the necessary condition that a sudden potential jump or continuous transition occurs.