bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral sildenafil and inhaled iloprost in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Authors: Kahveci Hasan , Yilmaz Osman , Avsar Ummu Zeynep , Ciftel Murat , Kilic Omer , Laloglu Fuat , Ozturk Kezban 
Published: January 2014

SummaryObjectiveThis study was performed to examine the effectiveness and safety of oral sildenafil and inhaled iloprost in term newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).Patients and MethodsOral sildenafil and inhaled iloprost were administered to 27 and 20 neonates, respectively, for treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension. All patients were term infants at 37 gestational weeks or older. In the sildenafil group, 14 patients had meconium aspiration syndrome, 8 had asphyxia (hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy stages II and III), 3 had congenital pneumonia, 1 had transient tachypnea, and 1 had idiopathic PPHN. In the iloprost group, 9 patients had meconium aspiration syndrome, 7 had asphyxia (hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy stages II and III), 3 had congenital pneumonia, and 1 had transient tachypnea. Sildenafil citrate was administered via an oral feeding tube. Iloprost was administered endotracheally to patients on mechanical ventilation using a jet nebulizer.ResultsIloprost appeared to be more effective than sildenafil in the treatment of PPHN with regard to time to adequate clinical response, ventilatory parameters, duration of drug administration, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of return to normal values of respiratory failure indices, use of MgSO4 as a second vasodilator and requirement for support with inotropic agents. We observed no side effects on blood pressure or homeostasis in any of the patients in the iloprost group. Systemic hypotension was significantly elevated in the sildenafil group. Four and three infants died of PPHN in the sildenafil and iloprost groups, respectively. Pulmonary systolic arterial pressure decreased to normal levels in the remaining 40 patients, and they were discharged from hospital.ConclusionWe suggested that inhaled iloprost may be a safe and effective treatment choice in newborn infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension. In cases where treatment with inhaled iloprost, ECMO or INO is not possible, oral sildenafil can be an alternative therapy option in the treatment of PPHN. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:1205–1213. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Planting Houses in Shenzhen: A Real Estate Market without Legal Titles1
Authors: Qiao Shitong 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Can a real estate market operate without legal titles? The answer has conventionally been no. But in Shenzhen, the iconic city of China’s market economy, an opposite phenomenon exists: half of the buildings within the city, which has 1,993 square kilometers of land and over 10 million people, have no legal titles and have been rented or sold to millions of people illegally. These illegal buildings are called small properties, because their property rights are “smaller” (weaker) than legal properties. Based on my one-year fieldwork, this paper is a first step toward explaining the small-property market. It reveals that legitimate organizations and professionals have developed a network to facilitate impersonal transactions of illegal small properties. Set against the backdrop and context of China’s transition, this paper presents a feasible plan for building a market economy in transitional countries, where property laws are often less than ideal.
Non-syndromic hereditary sensorineural hearing loss: review of the genes involved
Authors: Stelma F , Bhutta M F 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackground:Hereditary sensorineural hearing loss is the most frequently occurring birth defect. It has profound effects for the individual and is a substantial burden on society. Insight into disease mechanisms can help to broaden therapeutic options and considerably lower lifetime social costs. In the past few decades, the identification of genes that can cause this type of hearing loss has developed rapidly.Objective:This paper provides a concise overview of the currently known genes involved in non-syndromic hereditary hearing loss and their function in the inner ear.
Head and neck tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Khuzwayo Z B , Naidu T K 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjective:To describe the clinical features of head and neck tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Study design:Retrospective, observational study.Method:The study included 358 patients who received a histopathologically and/or microbiologically confirmed diagnosis of tuberculosis in the head and neck region between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2011.Results:A total of 358 new cases of head and neck tuberculosis were identified during the study period, involving 196 males (54.7 per cent) and 162 females (45.3 per cent). These patients had a median age of 31 years (range, 3 months to 83 years). Testing for human immunodeficiency virus was positive in 233 (65.1 per cent) and negative in 125 (34.9 per cent). Right-sided cervical lymphadenitis was the commonest form of presentation of head and neck tuberculosis.Conclusion:In this study, right-sided cervical lymphadenopathy was the commonest presentation of head and neck tuberculosis in both human immunodeficiency virus infected and non-infected individuals. Head and neck tuberculosis should not be excluded solely based on a normal chest X-ray, nor on the absence of constitutional symptoms.
Intergenerational differences in acculturation experiences, food beliefs and perceived health risks among refugees from the Horn of Africa in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Wilson Alyce , Renzaho Andre 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the differences in acculturation experiences between parent and adolescent refugees from the Horn of Africa in Melbourne, Australia and to explore food beliefs and perceived health risks from an intergenerational perspective.DesignQualitative cross-sectional study involving a combination of semi-structured one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions.SettingNorth-West suburbs of Melbourne, Australia.SubjectsEritrean, Ethiopian, Somali and Sudanese refugees.ResultsUsing a purposeful sampling technique, twelve semi-structured face-to-face interviews (nine adults and three adolescents) and four in-depth focus groups (two with adolescents each containing six participants and two with adults one containing six participants and the other ten participants) were carried out. Thus overall data were obtained on fifteen adolescents and twenty-five parents. Qualitative analysis identified differences between parents and adolescents in relation to lifestyle, diet and physical activity. Views regarding health consequences of their changed diets also differed. Parental feeding practices encompassed a variety of methods and were enforced in an attempt by parents to control their children's dietary behaviours and prevent their drift away from traditional eating habits.ConclusionsThese findings call for more research to contextualise dietary acculturation among refugee youth and the impact of migration on parenting styles and feeding practices in communities from the Horn of Africa. Preventive health programmes with Horn of Africa refugees need to acknowledge the effect of acculturation on diet and physical activity levels and a socio-cultural framework needs to be developed with respect to the importance and influence of the family environment.
Disentangling planetary orbits from stellar activity in radial-velocity surveys
Authors: Haywood R. D. , Cameron A. Collier , Queloz D. , Barros S.C.C. , Deleuil M. , Fares R. , Gillon M. , Hatzes A. , Lanza A.F. , Lovis C. , Moutou C. , Pepe F. , Pollacco D. , Santerne A. , Ségransan D. , Unruh Y. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe majority of extra-solar planets have been discovered (or confirmed after follow-up) through radial-velocity (RV) surveys. Using ground-based spectrographs such as High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planetary Search (HARPS) and HARPS-North, it is now possible to detect planets that are only a few times the mass of the Earth. However, the presence of dark spots on the stellar surface produces RV signals that are very similar in amplitude to those caused by orbiting low-mass planets. Disentangling these signals has thus become the biggest challenge in the detection of Earth-mass planets using RV surveys. To do so, we use the star's lightcurve to model the RV variations produced by spots. Here we present this method and show the results of its application to CoRoT-7.
Embodied social interaction constitutes social cognition in pairs of humans: A minimalist virtual reality experiment
Authors: Froese Tom , Iizuka Hiroyuki , Ikegami Takashi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractScientists have traditionally limited the mechanisms of social cognition to one brain, but recent approaches claim that interaction also realizes cognitive work. Experiments under constrained virtual settings revealed that interaction dynamics implicitly guide social cognition. Here we show that embodied social interaction can be constitutive of agency detection and of experiencing another's presence. Pairs of participants moved their “avatars” along an invisible virtual line and could make haptic contact with three identical objects, two of which embodied the other's motions, but only one, the other's avatar, also embodied the other's contact sensor and thereby enabled responsive interaction. Co-regulated interactions were significantly correlated with identifications of the other's avatar and reports of the clearest awareness of the other's presence. These results challenge folk psychological notions about the boundaries of mind, but make sense from evolutionary and developmental perspectives: an extendible mind can offload cognitive work into its environment.
Materazzi effect and the strategic use of anger in competitive interactions
Authors: Gneezy Uri , Imas Alex 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Emotions play a critical role in social interactions and decision-making. We present evidence that individuals understand the behavioral effects of emotions, particularly anger, and use them strategically in interactions. In our study, individuals competed on a task, and one of them was given the opportunity to anger the other. The first task was strength-based, where we expected anger to improve performance. Other participants competed on a mental task in which we expected anger to impair performance—angering one’s opponent here may benefit the offender. Anger affected behavior in line with our predictions. Importantly, individuals seemed to anticipate this reaction and took the strategic opportunity to anger their counterpart significantly more in the mental task than in the strength task.
Reconciling disagreement over climate–conflict results in Africa
Authors: Hsiang Solomon M. , Meng Kyle C. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Whether climatic changes affect civil conflicts has been the subject of intense academic debate. Much of this controversy originates from a highly cited dispute between a previous PNAS paper—which finds that civil war incidence in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with increasing local temperature—and a subsequent rebuke of this result, also published in PNAS. We reexamine this apparent disagreement by comparing the statistical models from the two papers using formal tests. When we implement the correct statistical procedure, we find that the evidence presented in the second paper is actually consistent with that of the first. We conclude that the original grounds for the dispute over whether the climate–conflict relationship exists were erroneous.
Origin of regenerating tubular cells after acute kidney injury
Authors: Berger Katja , Bangen Jörg-Martin , Hammerich Linda , Liedtke Christian , Floege Jürgen , Smeets Bart , Moeller Marcus Johannes 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and significant clinical problem for which no specific therapy has been developed. There is controversy about the origin of the regenerating tubular cells after AKI. Attention has recently focused on “scattered tubular cells” (STCs), which are by far the best candidate cells for the postulated fixed progenitor population of kidney tubular cells. In the present study, we clarify this question by genetic cell fate labeling using a unique transgenic mouse. We show that STCs may arise from any tubular cell and that these cells do not represent fixed progenitor cells. Rather, upon different injuries, proximal tubular cells transiently acquire the STC phenotype, which we show to have reparative characteristics.
Hierarchical self-assembly of a striped gyroid formed by threaded chiral mesoscale networks
Authors: Kirkensgaard Jacob J. K. , Evans Myfanwy E. , de Campo Liliana , Hyde Stephen T. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Chirality and hierarchical ordering are two fundamental properties found in many of nature’s most complex self-assembled structures such as living cells. Simultaneous control over these properties in synthetic systems is vital to mimic or even surpass nature’s designs. Via numerical simulations, we describe a class of complex morphologies that afford radically new architectures for self-assembled shapes. Specifically, a mixture of two star block-copolymers are shown to form multiple interwoven 2D and 3D labyrinths—all chiral—and hierarchically ordered on two different length scales. Furthermore, we show that such intricate network morphologies forming at a confined, hyperbolic interface can be classified and modeled in terms of a much simpler isotropic model of packing based on tilings of the hyperbolic plane.
Pelvic girdle and fin ofTiktaalik roseae
Authors: Shubin Neil H. , Daeschler Edward B. , Jenkins Farish A. 
Published: January 2014

SignificanceThe earliest tetrapods have robust limbs, particularly hind limbs that are enlarged and supported by a number of modifications to the pelvic girdle. In contrast, the closest relatives of tetrapods maintain small and weakly ossified pelvic appendages as compared with the pectorals. This observation has led to the “front wheel drive” hypothesis that held that the closest relatives of tetrapods emphasized pectoral support and locomotion whereas significant pelvic support and locomotion was a tetrapod innovation. The discovery of pelvic girdle and fin material of the tetrapodomorphTiktaalik roseaereveals a transitional stage in the origin of the pelvic girdle and appendage: although retaining primitive skeletal architecture, these elements are enhanced in size and robusticity much like tetrapods.
The role of fisheries and the environment in driving the decline of elasmobranchs in the northern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Barausse Alberto , Correale Vittoria , Curkovic Aleksia , Finotto Licia , Riginella Emilio , Visentin Eleonora , Mazzoldi Carlotta 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Elasmobranch populations are declining worldwide, calling for urgent assessment of fishery exploitation and application of effective conservation strategies. Here, we applied a novel approach, integrating long-term time-series of landings (1945–2012) and extensive surveys at the fish market of Chioggia, Italy, home of the major fishing fleet of the northern Adriatic Sea, to evaluate the status of elasmobranch populations and fisheries in the one of the most fished Mediterranean basins. The time-series highlight a dramatic decline in elasmobranch landings, particularly for skates and catsharks (Scyliorhinus spp.), whose current catch rates are 2.4 and 10.6% of the average 1940s levels, respectively. These data likely reflect similar large reductions in abundance, as indicated by the analysis of catch-per unit-effort time-series. The biomass of landed skates and catsharks showed regular fluctuations that disappeared after the collapse of the landings. Elasmobranch market composition, assessed through the sampling of 11 900 specimens from 2006 to 2013, included 14 species, but was dominated by just two: Mustelus mustelus and M. punctulatus, which represented more than 60% of the catch. The proportion of sexually immature individuals was generally very high, up to 83% of landed females and 71% of landed males, depending on the species. Although some correlations were detected between landings and local hydrography or climatic indices, the analyses of landings and surveys at the fish market identified fishery exploitation as the main driver of the striking, long-term elasmobranch decline in the northern Adriatic Sea, calling for urgent management actions to improve the conservation status of these fish.
Effects of Thermomechanical Extrusion and Particle Size Reduction on Bioconversion Rate of Corn Fiber for Ethanol Production
Authors: Lin Myat , Ryu Gi‐Hyung 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of thermomechanical extrusion and particle size (PS) reduction on the bioconversion rate of corn fiber for ethanol production. Extrusion was conducted at a screw speed of 300 rpm, feed rate of 120 g/min, feed moisture content of 30%, melt temperature of 140°C, and die diameter of 3 mm. Raw and extruded corn fiber were separated into three different PSs (1 > PS ≥ 0.5, 0.5 > PS ≥ 0.3, and 0.3 > PS ≥ 0.15 mm) with a wire sieve. Extrusion pretreatment and PS reduction resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) difference in physical properties and color values of extruded corn fiber as a result of accelerated degradation of corn fiber structure. Significant increase in water solubility index of extruded corn fiber at 0.3 > PS ≥ 0.15 mm was an indication of high degradation of starch during extrusion for higher release of polysaccharides. Moreover, extruded corn fiber at PS reduction 0.3 > PS ≥ 0.15 mm also significantly increased (P < 0.05) ethanol yield (69.11 g/L) and conversion (68.18%) by increasing protein digestibility and free amino nitrogen, which are essential for higher fermentation efficiency.
Expression, Purification, and Functional Analysis of Three Low‐Molecular‐Weight Glutenin Subunits from Wheat Cultivar Cheyenne
Authors: Shen Xing , Chen Mei‐Rong , Li Lin , Hu Song‐Qing 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTGlutenins, which form the network of gluten protein, are of great importance for the quality of flour products. Glutenins can be divided into HMW and LMW subunits according to molecular weight. Three genes for LMW glutenin subunits (LMW‐GS), named lmw‐cnd1, lmw‐cnd2, and lmw‐cnd3 with open reading frames of 1,053, 903, and 969 bp, respectively, were cloned from wheat cultivar Cheyenne. Heterologous expression vectors of the three LMW‐GS were constructed, and the recombinant proteins LMW‐CND1, LMW‐CND2, and LMW‐CND3 were overexpressed in Escherichia coli. After cell disruption with ultrasound, target proteins of high purity were obtained by using Ni2+ affinity chromatography. Farinograph and TAPlus measurements were used to investigate the effects of the three LMW‐GS on the characteristics of flour and dough. The results showed that the addition of each LMW‐GS can lead to an increase in the elasticity of the dough. Moreover, LMW‐CND2 and LMW‐CND3 promoted the strength of the dough. All three LMW‐GS caused a decrease of hardness and increase of springiness and cohesiveness of dough according to texture profiling results. Consequently, all three LMW‐GS have positive effects on the processing characteristics of dough and can improve bread quality to different extents.
Giant Cell Hepatitis With Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in Children
Authors: Bakula Agnieszka , Socha Piotr , Klaudel‐Dreszler Maja , Karolczyk Grazyna , Wozniak Malgorzata , Rutynowska‐Pronicka Olga , Matysiak Michal 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBackground and Objective:Giant cell hepatitis (GCH) with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare, progressive disorder in infants and young children. The disease is aggressive and may lead to liver or multiorgan failure with fatal prognosis. Therapy with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab (Rtx), proved effective. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate therapy for severe GCH with AIHA.Methods:We report on 5 cases of severe GCH with AIHA treated in our department between 2006 and 2011.Results:The median age of the children was 7 months (2–12 months), follow‐up lasted 44 months (12–78 months), median (min‐max), and the main observed symptoms were jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly. All of the children had positive direct Coombs test and biopsy‐proven giant cell transformation of hepatocytes. Liver failure was observed in 3 children. First‐line therapy (prednisone, azathioprine) proved ineffective in all but 1 of the patients, who initially responded to the treatment but relapsed after 4 months. The child subsequently developed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and died 2 months after hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. Four remaining patients finally achieved complete remission after 4 to 6 doses of Rtx.Conclusions:We propose Rtx as the treatment of choice for severe GCH with AIHA in the early stages of the disease, provided steroids and azathioprine are ineffective.
Assessment of Dialysis Dose in Critically Ill Maintenance Dialysis Patients
Authors: Schiffl Helmut , Fischer Rainald , Lang Susanne M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMaintenance dialysis patients are admitted more frequently to the intensive care unit (ICU) and have higher ICU mortality than the general population. It is unclear if such dialysis patients receive adequate dialysis in the ICU setting. Using the Daugirdas formula for calculation of spKt/Vurea, single treatment delivered dialysis dose was assessed in 85 critically ill maintenance hemodialysis patients during their first ICU dialysis session. Weekly delivered spKt/Vurea was determined in the surviving 64 patients and compared with their corresponding delivered outpatient dialysis dosages. Outcome measures were ICU and in‐hospital mortality and mortality at 6 and 12 months after discharge. Prescribed dose of the first ICU dialysis was a spKt/Vurea of 1.43 ± 0.11, the single treatment delivered dose was 1.02 ± 0.14. The weekly prescribed ICU Kt/Vurea was 4.25 ± 0.12 and delivered ICU Kt/Vurea was 3.48 ± 0.19. Patients with sepsis had the lowest mean spKt/Vurea values (0.87 ± 0.12). Serial measurements of delivered dialysis dose suggest that this gap is explained by variability of volume of urea distribution. ICU mortality was 25% and was related to APACHE II score, but not to delivered intermittent hemodialysis dose. Critically ill maintenance dialysis patients receive suboptimal dialysis doses. The impact of short‐term underdialysis on survival of hospitalized maintenance dialysis patients remains unknown. Assessment of dialysis adequacy should be routinely performed in these patients and delivered dialysis should be tracked through the initial clinical course.
Identification of anaerobic arsenite‐oxidizing and arsenate‐reducing bacteria associated with an alkaline saline lake in Khovsgol, Mongolia
Authors: Hamamura Natsuko , Itai Takaaki , Liu Yitai , Reysenbach Anna‐Louise , Damdinsuren Narantuya , Inskeep William P. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryMicrobial arsenic transformation pathways associated with a saline lake located in northern Mongolia were examined using molecular biological and culturing approaches. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences recovered from saline lake sediments and soils were affiliated with haloalkaliphiles, including Bacillus and Halomonas spp. Diverse sequences of arsenate respiratory reductase (arrA) and a new group of arsenite oxidase (arxA) genes were also identified. Pure cultures of arsenate‐reducing Nitrincola strain and anaerobic arsenite‐oxidizing Halomonas strain were isolated. The chemoorganotrophic Halomonas strain contains arxA gene similar to that of a chemoautotrophic arsenite‐oxidizing Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii strain MLHE‐1. These results revealed the diversity of arsenic transformation pathways associated with a geographically distinct saline system and the potential contribution of arx‐dependent arsenite oxidation by heterotrophic bacteria.