bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐defined former smokers consume the highest opioid quantities following knee and shoulder arthroscopy
Authors: Abdel Khalik Hassaan , Shanmugaraj Ajaykumar , Ekhtiari Seper , Horner Nolan S. , Gazendam Aaron , Simunovic Nicole , Ayeni Olufemi R. ,   NO PAin Investigators
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo identify risk factors associated with increased postoperative opioid consumption and inferior pain outcomes following knee and shoulder arthroscopy.MethodsUsing the data set from the NonOpioid Prescriptions after Arthroscopic Surgery in Canada (NO PAin) trial, eight prognostic factors were chosen a priori to evaluate their effect on opioid consumption and patient‐reported pain following arthroscopic knee and shoulder surgery. The primary outcome was the number of oral morphine equivalents (OMEs) consumed at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. The secondary outcome was patient‐reported postoperative pain using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. A multivariable linear regression was used to analyse these outcomes with eight prognostic factors as independent variables.ResultsTobacco usage was significantly associated with higher opioid usage at 2 (p < 0.001) and 6 weeks (p = 0.02) postoperatively. Former tobacco users had a higher 2‐week (p = 0.002) and cumulative OME (p = 0.002) consumption compared to current and nonsmokers. Patients with a higher number of comorbidities (p = 0.006) and those who were employed (p = 0.006) reported higher pain scores at 6 weeks. Patients in the ‘not employed/other’ category had significantly lower pain scores at 6 weeks postoperatively (p = 0.046).ConclusionFormer smoking status was significantly associated with increased post‐operative opioid consumption following knee and shoulder arthroscopy at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Increased pain was found to be significantly associated with employment status and an increasing number of comorbidities at 6 weeks postoperatively. These findings can aid clinicians in identifying and mitigating increased opioid utilization as well as worse pain outcomes in high‐risk patient populations.Level of EvidenceLevel III, cohort study.
When digital spaces matter: The influence of uniqueness and place attachment on self‐identity expression with brands using generative AI on the metaverse
Authors: Farah Maya F. , Ramadan Zahy , Nassereddine Yaman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenerative artificial intelligence technologies are transforming brand‐customer interactions by offering highly personalized and dynamic virtual experiences. This underscores the importance of studying their significant impact on customer experiences in the Metaverse. Accordingly, the study aims to explore how users' attachment to the Metaverse relates to the underlying psychological drivers of customer engagement with brands using generative AI in the digital realm. A mixed‐method approach was adopted, beginning with an exploratory study that involved in‐depth interviews with 24 participants to gain an initial understanding of consumers' psychological and behavioral reactions to brands in the Metaverse. An empirical study was then conducted, surveying 407 UK‐based users of virtual worlds who interacted with brands using generative AI on these platforms. The goal was to understand how the need for uniqueness influences self‐identity expression and to examine how these factors are affected by attachment to virtual places. The research highlights the nuanced relationship between the pursuit of uniqueness and the integration of brand narratives into one's identity particularly when supported by highly personalized, adaptive AI technologies.
Chemical treatment, fibre length, and fibre loading affecting the mechanical and morphological characteristics of flax fibre/polylactic acid (PLA) green composites developed by injection moulding
Authors: Debnath M. , Chakraborti P. , Rao G. S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the parametric investigation and optimization of various chemical treatment parameters that affect the mechanical performance of the green composite. The injection moulding method was used to produce the green composites using flax fibre (FF) and polylactic acid (PLA). The chemical parameters chosen to investigate their effects are chemical type (sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and potassium hydroxide), chemical concentrations (1 %, 2 %, and 3 % (w/v)), and duration for fibre treatment (2 h, 4 h, and 6 h). The mechanical performance of the green composites was assessed by evaluating the various properties namely strength, modulus, and elongation under tensile, share, flexural, and compression loading conditions. The morphological study was also performed to examine the failure behavior of the composite after mechanical testing. The effect of fibre length (2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, and 6 mm) and fibre loading (10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, and 30 wt.%) on the performance of the flax fibre (FF)/polylactic acid (PLA) composite was also investigated. The fibre dispersion, fibre orientation, and fibre length retention were investigated to assess the characteristics of fibre during injection moulding of the developed flax fibre (FF)/polylactic acid (PLA) composite.
Software‐assisted automated detection and identification of “unknown” analogues of benzodiazepines in liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Marder Dana , Gutman Ori , Bretler Uriel , Katz Yiffat , Yishai‐Aviram Lilach , Drug Eyal 
Published: August 2024

RationaleBenzodiazepines (BZDs) construct a large group of psychoactive drugs acting as depressants of the central nervous system (CNS) and used in medicine as sedatives and anxiolytic and antiepileptic agents. The illicit use of these materials is a worldwide problem, and for many years, part of the benzodiazepines have been abused as rape drugs. For example, flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) is most commonly linked by media reports to drug‐facilitated sexual assaults, more commonly referred to as “date rape.” Furthermore, there are growing concerns for other misuses of these drugs. Over the last few years, there was an increase in the number, type, and availability of new psychoactive substances (NPS) belonging to the benzodiazepine group, challenging standard forensic labs to fully identify the chemical structure of new, unknown benzodiazepines.MethodsThis work demonstrates a new application of the automated tool for the detection and identification of benzodiazepine analogues using high‐resolution‐accurate‐mass LC‐MS analysis, followed by “Compound Discoverer” (CD) software data processing, to automatically detect various benzodiazepine analogues by picking peaks and compare them to in silico calculated modifications made on a predefined basic backbone. Subsequently, a complete structural elucidation for the proposed molecular formula is obtained by MS/MS data analysis of the suspected component.ResultsThis method was found to be useful for the automated detection and putative identification of a series of nine “unknown” benzodiazepine analogues, at concentrations in the low ng/mL range.ConclusionsWe hereby present a general demonstration of this powerful tool for the forensic community in the detection and identification of hazardous unknown compounds.
The Pneumothorax And Symptom Evaluation (PASE) study: Bendopnoea in patients with pneumothorax
Authors: Iacopetta Bianca M. , Donaghy Michaela , Charlesworth Chloe , Peddle‐McIntyre Carolyn J. , Tan Ai Ling , Lee Y. C. Gary 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPneumothorax can cause distressing breathlessness, however the effect of the accumulated air in the pleural space and its association with diaphragmatic function and symptoms of breathlessness is not well understood. Bendopnoea is an evolving clinical symptom that has been demonstrated as clinically useful in some heart and lung conditions. Whether bendopnoea is present in patients with pneumothorax, and its potential clinical usefulness has not yet been investigated. The PASE study is a pilot study to explore the incidence and clinical relevance of bendopnoea in patients with pneumothorax and may provide better understanding of pneumothorax related dyspnoea.MethodsPASE is a prospective study. Eligible patients are assessed at baseline (pre air drainage/lung reinflation) and in patients whose pneumothorax resolves once the lung has re‐expanded (post conservative management or air drainage procedure). Outcome measures include the incidence of bendopnoea, correlation of the associated symptoms (pain and breathlessness) to the severity of bendopnoea and the size of pneumothorax; and correlation with clinical outcome (i.e., response to air drainage/lung reinflation). The study will recruit 50 participants.DiscussionThis is the first study to explore bendopnoea in patients with pneumothorax. The presence and significance of bendopnoea in relation to clinical and physiological parameters in patients with pneumothorax requires investigation. The findings of this study may further current understanding of dyspnoea related pneumothorax.Trial RegistrationName of the registry: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial RegistryTrial registration number: ACTRN12623001109695p.URL of the trial registry record for this trial: https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=386631&isReview=trueDate of registration: Registered on 24 October 2023.Funding of the trial: This study has not received grant support. The study is sponsored by the Institute for Respiratory Health, a not‐for‐profit organisation.Name and contact information for the trial sponsor: Mr Bi Lam; Finance manager. Level 2, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009.Role of sponsor: The funder is not involved in the planning of the study, gathering, analysing, and interpreting the data, or in preparing the manuscript.Protocol version: 1.
A hidden 2d CFT for self-dual Yang-Mills on the celestial sphere
Authors: Bu Wei , Seet Sean 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Self-dual Yang-Mills theory admits an underlying infinite dimensional symmetry algebra, which has been obtained from mode expansion of Mellin transformed 4d scattering amplitudes and separately, Koszul duality on twistor space. In this paper, we propose to derive an explicit 2d realization of the algebra by performing a particular gauge transformation on the twistor action for self-dual Yang-Mills. The gauge parameter used in the transformation generates pure gauge connections corresponding to large gauge transformations on 4d Minkowski space, which localises part of the twistor action to a ℂℙ1 on ℂ* reduction of twistor space. Under a projection, it can be mapped to the celestial sphere at the light-cone cut of the origin on $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
. Geometrically, this is the common boundary celestial sphere shared by Euclidean AdS3 or Lorentzian dS3 slices of Minkowski space. We comment on the geometric meaning of the derivation from the perspective of minitwistor spaces of the 3d slices embedded in 4d Minkowski space. Using the action functional of this 2d CFT, we compute its stress-energy tensor and central charge. By a further marginal deformation, we calculate correlation functions of current algebra generators purely from the 2d side which reproduce full 4d tree-level form factors.
Decreased AMPK/SIRT1/PDK4 induced by androgen excess inhibits human endometrial stromal cell decidualization in PCOS
Authors: Hong Ling , Xiao Shan , Diao Lianghui , Lian Ruochun , Chen Cong , Zeng Yong , Liu Su 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Ovulatory dysfunction is recognized as a primary infertile factor, however, even when ovulation is medically induced and restored, PCOS patients continue to experience reduced cumulative pregnancy rates and a higher spontaneous miscarriage rate. Hyperandrogenism, a hallmark feature of PCOS, affects ovarian folliculogenesis, endometrial receptivity, and the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Decidualization denotes the transformation that the stromal compart of the endometrium must undergo to accommodate pregnancy, driven by the rising progesterone levels and local cAMP production. However, studies on the impact of hyperandrogenism on decidualization are limited. In this study, we observed that primary endometrial stromal cells from women with PCOS exhibit abnormal responses to progesterone during in vitro decidualization. A high concentration of testosterone inhibits human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) decidualization. RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) expression was significantly lower in the endometrium of PCOS patients with hyperandrogenism compared to those without hyperandrogenism. We also characterized that the expression of PDK4 is elevated in the endometrium stroma at the mid-secretory phase. Artificial decidualization could enhance PDK4 expression, while downregulation of PDK4 leads to abnormal decidualization both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, testosterone excess inhibits IGFBP1 and PRL expression, followed by phosphorylating of AMPK that stimulates PDK4 expression. Based on co-immunoprecipitation analysis, we observed an interaction between SIRT1 and PDK4, promoting glycolysis to facilitate decidualization. Restrain of AR activation resumes the AMPK/SIRT1/PDK4 pathway suppressed by testosterone excess, indicating that testosterone primarily acts on decidualization through AR stimulation. Androgen excess in the endometrium inhibits decidualization by disrupting the AMPK/SIRT1/PDK4 signaling pathway. These data demonstrate the critical roles of endometrial PDK4 in regulating decidualization and provide valuable information for understanding the underlying mechanism during decidualization.
PIEZO1 targeting in macrophages boosts phagocytic activity and foam cell apoptosis in atherosclerosis
Authors: Pourteymour Shirin , Fan Jingxue , Majhi Rakesh Kumar , Guo Shuyuan , Sun Xin , Huang Zhen , Liu Ying , Winter Hanna , Bäcklund Alexandra , Skenteris Nikolaos-Taxiarchis , Chernogubova Ekaterina , Werngren Olivera , Li Zhaolong , Skogsberg Josefin , Li Yuhuang , Matic Ljubica , Hedin Ulf , Maegdefessel Lars , Ehrenborg Ewa , Tian Ye , Jin Hong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe rising incidences of atherosclerosis have necessitated efforts to identify novel targets for therapeutic interventions. In the present study, we observed increased expression of the mechanosensitive calcium channel Piezo1 transcript in mouse and human atherosclerotic plaques, correlating with infiltration of PIEZO1-expressing macrophages. In vitro administration of Yoda1, a specific agonist for PIEZO1, led to increased foam cell apoptosis and enhanced phagocytosis by macrophages. Mechanistically, PIEZO1 activation resulted in intracellular F-actin rearrangement, elevated mitochondrial ROS levels and induction of mitochondrial fragmentation upon PIEZO1 activation, as well as increased expression of anti-inflammatory genes. In vivo, ApoE−/− mice treated with Yoda1 exhibited regression of atherosclerosis, enhanced stability of advanced lesions, reduced plaque size and necrotic core, increased collagen content, and reduced expression levels of inflammatory markers. Our findings propose PIEZO1 as a novel and potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
Effect of curvature variations on the hydrodynamic performance of heaving and pitching foils
Authors: van Rees Wim M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe use of heaving and pitching fins for underwater propulsion of engineering devices poses an attractive outlook given the efficiency and adaptability of natural fish. However, significant knowledge gaps need to be bridged before biologically inspired propulsion is able to operate at competitive performances in a practical setting. One of these relates to the design of structures that can leverage passive deformation and active morphing in order to achieve optimal hydrodynamic performance. To provide insights into the performance improvements associated with passive and active fin deformations, we provide here a systematic numerical investigation in the thrust, power, and efficiency of 2D heaving and pitching fins with imposed curvature variations. The results show that for a given chordline kinematics, the use of curvature can improve thrust by 70% or efficiency by 35% over a rigid fin. Maximum thrust is achieved when the camber variations are synchronized with the maximum heave velocity, increasing the overall magnitude of the force vector while increasing efficiency as well. Maximum efficiency is achieved when camber is applied during the first half of the stroke, tilting the force vector to create thrust earlier in the cycle than a comparable rigid fin. Overall, our results demonstrate that curving fins are consistently able to significantly outperform rigid fins with the same chord line kinematics on both thrust and hydrodynamic efficiency.
Rearrangements and the Monge–Ampère equations
Authors: Błocki Zbigniew 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe show that the direct counterpart of the Talenti symmetrization estimate for the Laplacian does not hold neither for the complex nor real Monge–Ampère equations. We also use this Talenti result to improve some known estimates for subharmonic functions in $${\mathbb {C}},$$

C
,

where the constant depends on the area of the domain, instead of the diameter.
Filtration of cohomology via symmetric semisimplicial spaces
Authors: Banerjee Oishee 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the simplicial theory of hypercoverings we replace the indexing category $$\Delta $$
Δ
by the symmetric simplicial category$$\Delta S$$

Δ
S

and study (a class of) $$\Delta _{\textrm{inj}}S$$

Δ
inj

S

-hypercoverings, which we call spaces admitting symmetric (semi)simplicial filtration—this special class happens to have a structure of a module over a graded commutative monoid of the form $$\textrm{Sym}\,M$$

Sym

M

for some space M. For $$\Delta S$$

Δ
S

-hypercoverings we construct a spectral sequence, somewhat like the Čech-to-derived category spectral sequence. The advantage of working with $$\Delta S$$

Δ
S

over $$\Delta $$
Δ
is that various combinatorial complexities that come with working on $$\Delta $$
Δ
are bypassed, giving simpler, unified proof of results like the computation of (in some cases, stable) singular cohomology (with $$\mathbb {Q}$$
Q
coefficients) and étale cohomology (with $$\mathbb {Q}_{\ell }$$

Q
ℓ

coefficients) of the moduli space of degree n maps $$C\rightarrow \mathbb {P}^r$$

C
→

P

r

with C a smooth projective curve of genus g, of unordered configuration spaces, of the moduli space of smooth sections of a fixed $$\mathfrak {g}^r_d$$

g

d
r

that is m-very ample for some m etc. In the special case when a $$\Delta _{\textrm{inj}}S$$

Δ
inj

S

-object Xadmits a symmetric semisimplicial filtration byM, we relate these moduli spaces to a certain derived tensor.
Predicting recurrent glioblastoma clinical outcome to immune checkpoint inhibition and low-dose bevacizumab with tumor in situ fluid circulating tumor DNA analysis
Authors: Guo Guangzhong , Zhang Ziyue , Zhang Jiubing , Wang Dayang , Xu Sensen , Liu Guanzheng , Gao Yushuai , Mei Jie , Yan Zhaoyue , Zhao Ruijiao , Wang Meiyun , Li Tianxiao , Bu Xingyao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective
Most recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) patients do not benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition, emphasizing the necessity for response biomarkers. This study evaluates whether tumor in situ fluid (TISF) circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could serve as a biomarker for response to low-dose bevacizumab (Bev) plus anti-PD-1 therapy in rGBM patients, aiming to enhance systemic responses to immunotherapy.

Methods
In this phase II trial, 32 GBM patients with first recurrence after standard therapy were enrolled and then received tislelizumab plus low-dose Bev each cycle. TISF samples were analyzed for ctDNA using a 551-gene panel before each treatment.

Results
The median progression-free survival (mPFS) and overall survival (mOS) were 8.2 months (95% CI, 5.2–11.1) and 14.3 months (95% CI, 6.5–22.1), respectively. The 12-month OS was 43.8%, and the objective response rate was 56.3%. Patients with more than 20% reduction in the mutant allele fraction and tumor mutational burden after treatment were significantly associated with better prognosis compared to baseline TISF-ctDNA. Among detectable gene mutations, patients with MUC16 mutation, EGFR mutation & amplification, SRSF2 amplification, and H3F3B amplification were significantly associated with worse prognosis.

Conclusions
Low-dose Bev plus anti-PD-1 therapy significantly improves OS in rGBM patients, offering guiding significance for future individualized treatment strategies. TISF-ctDNA can monitor rGBM patients' response to combination therapy and guide treatment.

Clinical trial registration
This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05540275.
Clinical features associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor nephritis: a single-center clinical case series
Authors: Muddasani Ramya , Talwar Neel , Mambetsariev Isa , Fricke Jeremy , Lin Mercury , Schmolze Daniel , Yue Andrew , Rizvi Amna , Salgia Ravi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been well described as a complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. We present a series of patients, the majority with lung adenocarcinoma, who developed AKI while actively receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Methods
This is a retrospectively analyzed clinical case series of six patients treated at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center. Data were collected on gender, age, ethnicity, comorbidities, concomitant medications, type of malignancy, treatments, and renal function. All patients underwent renal biopsy for classification of the mechanism of AKI. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) was performed on tumor tissue for all patients.

Results
Patterns of AKI included acute interstitial nephritis and acute tubular necrosis. Contributing factors included the use of concomitant medications known to contribute to AKI. All but two patients had full resolution of the AKI with the use of steroids. There were several mutations found on CGP that was notable including an Exon 20 insertion as well as multiple NF1 and TP53 mutations. There was high PD-L1 expression on tumor tissue noted in two out of six patients. In addition to AKI, a subset of patients had proteinuria with biopsies revealing corresponding glomerular lesions of minimal change disease and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Conclusions
Our case series demonstrates that AKI from immune checkpoint inhibitors has a variable presentation that may require an individualized treatment approach. Further studies are needed to identify biomarkers that may help identify those at risk and guide the management of this condition.