bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
6.1.2 Determining the Impact of Change within your Method‐ and Toolbox for System Development
Authors: Wenzel Stefan , Igenbergs Eduard , Negele Herbert 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTo be successful in a highly dynamic environment, with increased global competition, shorter life cycles, more demanding customers/users, and more complex products, we have to strive for an effective and efficient product development system. In order to reach this goal, the right methods and tools are an important aspect, besides the right products, processes, strategies, requirements, people, etc. There are lots of different methods and tools well known, e.g., QFD, Taguchi, CAX, PDM, Robust Design, or DFX and most of them are applied (successfully?) in daily industrial practice. But what method or tool should we use, and when?For the right product development method/tool box, a comprehensive framework is needed, which supports the selection, coordination, and assessment according to domain‐ and company‐specific needs and constraints. Unfortunately, tools and methods often are used because it is popular to use them, but not because they ideally support the solution of specific problems. Therefore, in earlier papers a systematic approach was proposed on how methods and tools can be selected for a successful product development system, independent of the industrial sector of a company, but dependent on its problems, market constraints, and declared goals (Wenzel & Bauch 1996, Negele et al. 1998, Wenzel et al. 2000).This paper is an extension and a more detailed workout of the derived structured model, the “House of IPD” (IPD: Integrated Product Development). It was initially derived from the analysis of different product development processes at commercial companies in Germany, England, and the US (Wenzel & Bauch 1996). Two papers have already been presented at INCOSE symposia describing the structure, goals, benefits, and usage of the House of IPD (Negele et al. 2000, Wenzel et al. 2000).In the House of IPD, the interdependencies and relations between goals and problems, essentials/ processes, and practices can be structured. It is possible to visualize in a matrix, how and to what extent (qualitative) the practices (HOWs) contribute to the realization of certain essentials (WHATs), and which essentials support which goals or solve which problems (WHYs).In this paper, after shortly refreshing the basic concepts of the House of IPD, we will explain a method to determine the impact of changes in an existing method‐ and toolbox for complex system development. Therefore, the qualitative relationships represented in the House of IPD will be transformed into quantitative relationships. These can then be used to study the impact of methods & tools (HOWs) on essentials/ key success (WHATs) factors.
7.1.1 SE Tool Selection: Fact or Fiction
Authors: Stemm Douglas J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper will discuss case studies of different processes for the selection of tools. There will be examples of each tool selection process, what drove the final decision, and what the aftermath of that decision was for particular projects involved. Finally, there will be conclusions about these case studies for selection of System Engineering tool processes and what should drive tool selection regardless of selection process. This paper is based on experiences in support of Navy ship developments, Air Defense Systems, Sonar Development, Command Control and Communications Integration.
7.1.2 Similarity Workshops as a Project Initiation Tool
Authors: Cavanagh Michael , Wood J.R.G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper discusses the theory and initial results of the application of the ideas regarding ‘similarity’ introduced by Verma (Verma 1998) as a means of improving ‘left shift’ in the Systems Engineering lifecycle at BAE SYSTEMS. In particular, it concentrates upon the practical application of these ideas in a real world environment.
7.1.3 Systems Engineering Based Analytical Tool for Pollution Prevention
Authors: Pai Sundeep V. , Doukas Louis 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper discusses the development and scope of application of a systems engineering based tool, termed PPAS (Pollution Prevention Analytical System), for environmental management of industrial estates with a major petrochemical component. The top‐level function of PPAS is to reduce/control the generation of pollutants over the whole life‐cycle of production and to minimise wastes and risks. The PPAS being developed at RMIT, is a synthesis of the systems engineering approach, cleaner production methods, optimisation techniques, microeconomic concepts, and the casual modelling and econometric methods which are relevant to the planning, design, and management of systems.
8.1.3 Quantitative Standards: Can INCOSE Survive Without Them?
Authors: Oliver David W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractINCOSE and its individual and corporate members have participated in the development of valuable systems engineering standards like 632, 1220, and 15288, for the propagation of best practices. These standards are qualitative in that they describe the work that needs to be done or list factors to be considered throughout the life cycle in vernacular text with illustrations. The information is exceptionally useful in instruction and in establishing best practices, but it is not measurable or executable.In contrast, our culture and civilization has been advanced over the millennia by quantitative, measurable standards like the gauge of the railroad, the metric system, or HTML, XML, and site names for the Internet. Presently there is a surge in development of quantitative standards for information transfer in both the software and hardware worlds. This paper touches on some of these developments and raises the issue of how INCOSE can survive as a world leader in systems engineering unless it becomes a recognized leader in the development of quantitative standards through individual member and corporate member application of significant manpower to quantitative standards issues.
How shall the existing qualitative standards be extended to become quantitative standards for rigorous information transfer, and
How shall INCOSE organize and focus to lead this while leveraging from other larger worldwide efforts.
8.1.4 A Project‐wide Document Review Database System
Authors: McCowan Roger 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBetween 1991 and 1997, the Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN) was being developed by Telstra Corporation, together with several major sub‐contractors, to meet the requirements laid down by the Australian Department of Defence, in a MIL and DOD Standards environment. The Project's Verification and Validation Programme was established using IEEE Std 1012–1986, to assure the integrity of the design at all stages during the development of the JORN. To fulfil its role, the Verification and Validation Section designed and developed a Document Review Database System which facilitated the review, correction, and release of documents, as well as provide traceability for all document changes. This paper outlines the problems identified with document reviews, and describes a Document Review Database System which mitigates these problems.
3.2.4 Modelling and Analysis of Internet Multimedia Protocols
Authors: Liu Lin , Billington Jonathan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractITU‐T recommendation H.323 is the dominant standard for multimedia communications over packet‐based networks, including the Internet. This paper firstly reviews the H.323 standard, then proposes a formal analysis methodology for H.323 using Coloured Petri Nets (CPN). Some initial CPN modelling and analysis results for H.323 are given, and further work is proposed.
5.3.1 Systems Engineering Integration of Conceptual Design and Marketing
Authors: Vollerthun Andreas , Igenbergs Eduard 
Published: November 2014

AbstractContinuing the thoughts that were presented at last years international INCOSE symposium this paper aims at integrating conceptual design and marketing by using a systems engineering approach. Applying a methodology that has been successfully implemented in a software tool for conceptual design‐ and cost‐modeling the next step that is taken in the presented work establishes the basis to also include marketing methods. By bringing technical product models and cost‐models together with a market model into one integrated model, an added value is generated for systems engineers since they are enabled to analyze entire business cases. Applying the described model allows designers to easily change parameters in the design and analyze the effects of these changes e.g. on market revenues. The paper describes some of the methods that the market model consists of, shows the interfaces to conceptual design and cost modeling, and discusses the integration into the overall design process as it is performed in many companies. As a reference on how the model can be applied data from the development of the European satellite navigation system ‘Galileo’ are presented.
5.3.3 The Journey of Software Process Improvement at ADI Limited
Authors: O'Brien Shaun 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOver the past three years, ADI Limited's Information Systems, Software and Services (IS3) business in Perth has undertaken an extensive journey in software process improvement. Along the way the organisation has implemented many improvements to it's project management and software engineering processes. All staff in the organisation have been involved in the improvements in some way – from developing new procedures through to adopting and following them.To make the journey even more challenging, the organisation has chosen to move Ada based development to Java, making extensive use of Internet/Intranet technologies.At the time of submitting this paper, ADI was preparing to undertake a full capability assessment using the new Capability Maturity Model Integrated (CMMI) and determine where exactly we are on the map. The case study will look at past highlights of our journey so far and also what the future holds for us.
5.3.4 Cost & Performance Measures in System Design
Authors: Mirchandani Chandru 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper will describe one model for optimizing the performance and reliability of a new system. The model defines cost‐performance and cost‐reliability measures. The paper provides an overview of how a design process using re‐configurable elements is accomplished. The process highlights the cost, performance benefits of a design currently being developed against currently available alternatives. The criteria for selecting performance and reliability metrics are cost optimization. This paper will demonstrate the improvement in reliability and performance as applied to a processing application, when this optimization process is used.
7.3.2 Measurements for the Safety and Mission Assurance of the International Space Station
Authors: Wade James W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEffective and efficient programmatic decisions are required throughout the design, development, and operation of the International Space Station (ISS), which involves sixteen countries, over one million pounds of flight hardware, and an on‐orbit assembly process spanning six years. Paramount to the success of the ISS, are the safety and mission assurance (S&MA) aspects of the program. Various S&MA products, such as critical items (CILs), safety nonconformances, and problem reports, all provide an individual assessment of the program's risk throughout the design, development, and operation phases of the ISS life cycle. However, until recently, no method existed for measuring the overall S&MA risk of NASA programs. The NASA International Space Station Program's Safety and Mission Assurance/Program Risk Office (S&MA/PR) has developed such a metric.
4.4.2 The Process to Tailor COTS to ROTS for Military Applications
Authors: Velagapudi Sunil , Bitetto Mark F. , Delgado Suzanne A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe defense industry has shifted away from detailed design specification‐based procurement to Off‐The‐Shelf procurement to reduce cost and development time, while taking advantage of increased availability and performance.The spectacular growth of the commercial electronic industry gives the military system developer a myriad of appealing options. However, despite the increased availability and affordability of commercial hardware, the complete solution to a given problem is often not found in supplier catalogs because of system level requirements (size, weight, power, performance, networking, and interface) and stringent environmental requirements (temperature, humidity, and vibration) levied on military hardware.Transition from the myth of Commercial Off‐The‐Shelf (COTS) to the reality of Ruggedized Off‐The‐Shelf (ROTS) is a difficult challenge. The challenge is to understand the product, the supplier capability and environment, and in response, tailor the requirements. Tailoring refers to the entire COTS selection and modification process, including changes to product requirements and system requirements.The focus of this paper is to define the process of tailoring a partially compliant COTS product to ROTS to meet the functional, environmental, and packaging requirements of a military application. To illustrate the process, an example of the tailoring of hardware from COTS to ROTS for the U.K. Ministry of Defence (MoD) Nimrod Maritime Reconnaissance Aircraft 4 (MRA4) project is presented.
8.5.3 A Framework for a Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge
Authors: Kasser Joseph , Massie Angus 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAt this time, systems engineering has no recognized body of knowledge. Without such a body of knowledge, systems engineers have difficulty agreeing on exactly what systems engineering should be and academia has difficulty in teaching it. This paper first summarizes a number of models of systems engineering and proposes a framework for a systems engineering body of knowledge (SEBOK) based on a combination of two of the models. The paper then proposes a road map for the development of the SEBOK, a way to offer a world class postgraduate degree and closes with some perspectives on systems engineering that become visible when system engineering is viewed within the framework.
8.5.4 Technological Forecasting: A Soft Systems Perspective
Authors: Stajnko Frank , Doukas Louis 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe art and science of technological forecasting is the greatest weakness of strategy making. In dynamic and complex environments it is extremely difficult and perhaps even impossible. This is because the future tends to emerge from these situations in ways that defy conventional forecasting techniques. In fact systemic emergence is often considered impossible to model in this way. Most of these techniques are linear, deterministic and inflexible in nature, which is why they are often described as being hard. A soft perspective is required in order to understand the subtle complexities involved and to show how existing models them selves can change with time. This paper looks at the common forecasting techniques used, the problems encountered and how the application of Soft Systems Engineering can make a difference.
2.6.1 The Value of Adding Digital Print Technology to Existing IPDT Collaboration Systems
Authors: Brown Phillip J. , Kuchelmeister Frank R. , Lavender Jack 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTimely and reliable information exchange is a hallmark of successful collaborative product development endeavors. The continuing challenge for organizations seeking to improve productivity is how to select and deploy technologies that provide the best return on their investment. This paper documents the process that LMMFC‐D (Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control ‐ Dallas) followed in selecting digital print technology to improve Integrated Product Development Teams (IPDT) performance across several programs. Cost benefit results are included.
4.6.2 Systems Thinking for Joint Force Capability Planning and Management
Authors: Matthews David , Burke Martin , Collier Phil , Cook Stephen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractJoint Forces are anticipated to play an increasingly important role in the Australian Defence Organisation. This paper provides a way of thinking about Joint Forces intended to support activities such as Joint Force capability planning and management. The central approach is that of systems thinking. This approach is applied to develop a set of core concepts associated with strategic planning for future capabilities. In particular the idea of a portfolio is introduced as a management tool for future capability planning. The concepts developed are presented as elements within a system of ideas designed for the activities of long term planning for Australia's Joint Force capabilities and the assessment and day‐to‐day management of these capabilities.
1.7.3 Conceptual Design of Building Automation System by Applying Systems Engineering Approach
Authors: Yoo Il Sang , Park Young Won 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAs the 21st century signifies an information‐oriented society, the computer integration takes place in all walks of human presence. Needs for computer and network‐integrated building present new challenges in building industry. After the first intelligent building appeared in USA in 1984, it gradually became an essential capability for the building industry requirement these days. Intelligent Building System(IBS) is very complex because there are many subsystems such as telecommunication(TC), office automation(OA), building automation(BA), construction environments, etc. During the planing phase of IBS development, therefore, systems engineering must be performed to analyze stakeholder's requirements to build an optimized system while minimizing trial‐and‐error expenses and risks. This paper presents a conceptual design of BAS by applying systems engineering methods. That is, we developed an IBS subsystem specification for building automation subsystem, which is a part of IBS, using the methodology of requirement analysis, functional analysis, synthesis, and verification where we used a computer‐aided systems engineering tool, RDD‐100, as an example s/w for system design efficiency and product design knowledge management.
5.7.2 The Data Standard AP‐233: An Invigorator for Global Systems Engineering
Authors: Johnson Julian , Herzog Erik 
Published: November 2014

AbstractContemporary systems engineering developments are frequently global in scope, and ‘distributed’ in both graphical and temporal senses, involving many different design and analysis tools, across systems engineering and various specialist engineering disciplines. Currently there is little interoperability between these suites of tools. This situation can have real stagnating effects on systems engineering activities, and considerable detrimental economic, productivity and quality consequences. Neutral data exchange is one solution to this problem. The AP‐233 systems engineering data interoperability standard will be fundamentally important, making global systems engineering in heterogeneous design environments possible. The aims, approach and results to date of the SEDRES‐2 project, the most recent AP‐233 data model, and the relationship to other areas of work, are described. Several business scenarios where AP‐233 has the potential to make a significant contribution are explained. A mature semantic‐level systems engineering interoperability standard is an essential enabler and a significant invigorator to distributed systems engineering.
3.1.4 Emergence: A Partial History of Systems Thinking
Authors: McConnell George R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSystems Engineers require a good knowledge of both engineering and systems concepts. Inevitably, there will be few who are equally strong in both areas of knowledge. This paper offers a brief overview of the history of systems thinking, concentrating primarily on those areas which relate specifically to the understanding of emergent properties of systems. Whilst inevitably only a whistle stop tour of the subject the paper offers insight into both the depth and the breadth of systems knowledge available. It is intended as a starting point for those interested in finding out more.
9.2.8 Value of Systems Engineering – SECOE Research Project Progress Report
Authors: Honour Eric , Mar Brian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper is a progress report on the results of a SECOE research project to collect and analyze data that describes project cost, schedule, and quality with systems engineering cost and quality. The original hypotheses to be tested were that (a) at low levels, increasing systems engineering effort results in better project quality, and (b) there is an optimum above which further increases are detrimental. The collection of data is much more difficult than anticipated. The preliminary results are presented in an attempt to encourage more individuals to submit data. Analysis of the preliminary data (25 project submissions) supports the hypotheses. The data suggests that dimensionless ratios of actual to planned cost and actual to planned schedule correlate with an independent variable defined as an index of systems engineering effort (product of systems engineering cost and systems engineering quality divided by total project cost).
1.6.3 A Systems Decision Modeling Approach to Electrical Generation Capacity Planning
Authors: Leeprechanon N. , Moorthy S. S. , Brooks R. D. , Ellis M. , Sappakitkamjorn J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper presents modeling techniques for planning electrical generation capacity where demand is uncertain. We present traditional solutions to the capacity generation problem using a deterministic programming model based on both simple and complex demand scenarios. We then present a systems approach, employing a unique two‐stage stochastic programming model that employs random parameters, which operate on deterministic model data, over the range of all possible scenarios. This systems model enables the expected cost of uncertain demand information to be calculated (ECII), and candidate stochastic solutions (VSS) to the capacity generation problem to be evaluated.
3.3.3 Assessing System Development Tool Integrity
Authors: Beland Steven C. , Dagli Cihan H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractComputing tools are often used to develop and evaluate complex systems in many industries. Use of such tools enables the increasing complexity of today's systems but introduces the potential for system problems due to potential errors introduced into the system by development tools or by misleading results from evaluation tools. The consequences of tool‐related problems may range from insignificant to catastrophic, introducing risk from both the economic and safety perspectives. This paper shows how to identify the risk of potential problems introduced by the use of such tools in an overall system development context and mitigate or eliminate these risks, building on guidance originally created for the lower system abstraction levels of software and electronic hardware for commercial aviation.
5.5.3 Predicting USMC SBIR Phase I to II Transition Success by Evaluating Use of Systems Engineering Capabilities
Authors: Petee Danny A. , Componation Paul J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDefense research & development budget cuts, increased pressure from the acquisition community to find research funding, and a congressional directive enforced by the under secretary of defense for acquisition and technology have created a climate where the u.s. marine corps SBIR program must improve its ability to transition technology it develops into acquisition programs. One approach to accomplishing this is by applying systems engineering to the SBIR process. Though no formal systems engineering process exists for its SBIR program, the marine corps wishes to understand the relationship between the systems engineering capability of phase I SBIR projects and their likelihood of transition to phase ii. This study seeks to shed light on that question.