bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two instances of successful oral desensitisation following hypersensitivity reaction in a patient receiving osimertinib: a case report
Authors: Bennett Georgia D. , Rosmalen‐Brinkley Krysti , Johnstone Kristoffer , Messina Genevieve 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundOsimertinib is an irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine‐kinase inhibitor (TKI) and an available therapy for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that have an EGFR or T790M mutation. It has become the preferred TKI in this patient group as it is superior to first‐generation TKIs; however, osimertinib may be discontinued due to various toxicities or reactions.AimWe report two instances of successful osimertinib desensitisation in a 70‐year‐old woman requiring treatment for NSCLC following two hypersensitivity reactions presenting as angioedema and urticaria.Clinical detailsOsimertinib desensitisation started at 5 mg/day and was gradually increased to 80 mg/day over a period of 30 days.OutcomesThe patient continued osimertinib 80 mg daily for over a year until treatment was withheld for 4 weeks due to thrombocytopenia and diverticulitis. She restarted osimertinib, completing a second desensitisation to a reduced dose of 40 mg daily without serious adverse effect. The patient continues reduced‐dose osimertinib with stable disease.ConclusionThis case report proposes an osimertinib desensitisation strategy useful for select patients experiencing osimertinib‐induced hypersensitivity reactions. It also demonstrates that if there is prolonged disruption to treatment, a second desensitisation can be completed successfully in the same patient so effective treatment in NSCLC may be continued.
Association of surgeon's sex, and surgeon‐patient dyad with financial outcomes among patients undergoing cancer surgery
Authors: Khan Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi , Munir Muhammad M. , Woldesenbet Selamawit , Khalil Mujtaba , Altaf Abdullah , Rashid Zayed , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSurgeon sex has been associated with perioperative clinical outcomes among patients undergoing oncologic surgery. There may be variations in financial outcomes relative to the surgeon‐patient dyad. We sought to define the association of surgeon's sex with perioperative financial outcomes following cancer surgery.MethodsPatients who underwent resection of lung, breast, hepato‐pancreato‐biliary (HPB), or colorectal cancer between 2014 and 2021 were identified from the Medicare Standard Analytic Files. A generalized linear model with gamma regression was utilized to characterize the association between sex concordance and expenditures.ResultsAmong 207,935 Medicare beneficiaries (breast: n = 14,753, 7.1%, lung: n = 59,644, 28.7%, HPB: n = 23,400, 11.3%, colorectal: n = 110,118, 53.0%), 87.8% (n = 182,643) and 12.2% (n = 25,292) of patients were treated by male and female surgeons, respectively. On multivariable analysis, female surgeon sex was associated with slightly reduced index expenditures (mean difference ‐$353, 95%CI ‐$580, ‐$126; p = 0.003). However, there were no differences in 90‐day post‐discharge inpatient (mean difference ‐$−225, 95%CI ‐$570, ‐$121; p = 0.205) and total expenditures (mean difference $133, 95%CI ‐$279, $545; p = 0.525).ConclusionsThere was minor risk‐adjusted variation in perioperative expenditures relative to surgeon sex. To improve perioperative financial outcomes, a diverse surgical workforce with respect to patient and surgeon sex is warranted.
Dense tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in liver metastasis from colorectal cancer are related to improved overall survival
Authors: Vaz da Silva Diego Greatti , de Ribeiro Heber Salvador de Castro , dos Santos Gabriel Oliveira , Lindote Marcus Vitor Nunes , Torres Silvio Mello , Diniz Alessandro Lansdskron , de Godoy André Luiz , de Farias Igor Correia , Felismino Tiago Cordeiro , da Costa Junior Wilson Luiz , Coimbra Felipe José Fernández 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent a host‐tumor interaction, frequently signifying an augmented immunological response. Nonetheless, implications with survival outcomes in patients with colorectal carcinoma liver metastasis (CRLM) warrant rigorous validation. The objective was to demonstrate the association between TILs and survival in patients with CRLM.MethodIn a retrospective evaluation conducted in a single institution, we assessed all patients who underwent hepatectomy due to CRLM between 2014 and 2018. Comprehensive medical documentation reviews were executed. TILs were assessed by a liver pathologist, blinded to the clinical information, in all surgical slides.ResultsThis retrospective cohort included 112 patients. Median overall survival (OS) was 58 months and disease‐free survival (DFS) was 12 months for the entire cohort. Comparison between groups showed a median OS of 81 months in the dense TILs group and 40 months in the weak/absent group (p = 0.001), and DFS was 14 months versus 9 months (p = 0.041). Multivariable analysis showed that TILs were an independent predictor of OS (HR 1.95; p = 0.031).ConclusionsDense TILs are a pivotal prognostic indicator, correlating with enhanced OS. Including TILs information in histopathological evaluations should refine the clinical decision‐making process for this group of patients.
A case of Halyomorpha halys‐related dermatitis
Authors: Amin Mohammad Ashraful , Nahin Sabrina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) has gained attention as an invasive agricultural pest, the dermatological implications of this bug's presence in human contacts are still relatively unknown. We provide a compelling example of contact dermatitis following the accidental crushing of a BMSB in a 35‐year‐old male.
Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on parturition and reproductive output in wolverines
Authors: Brøseth Henrik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne of the selective advantages of delayed implantation in carnivores is the flexibility to decouple the time between mating and parturition, allowing both to occur when conditions are most favorable. Terrestrial carnivores with delayed implantation have evolved reduced maternal energy expenditure through shorter gestation length, smaller neonates, and smaller litters, with a possible linkage between maternal body condition and time of birth or litter size. Using data on wolverine (Gulo gulo) females and cubs from management removals covering the entire latitudinal gradient of the Scandinavian population in 2001‐2022, I assessed the effect of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on variation in parturition date and litter size. Timing of parturition varied over 2 months, where 90% of the litters were born between 5 February and 11 March, with a birth peak on 23 February. Females living in winter grazing pastures of semi‐domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) gave birth earlier than those outside, and along an elevation gradient parturition date was delayed at higher altitudes. I did not find evidence of an effect of latitude on parturition date. Furthermore, older females had greater odds than younger females of having litters with 3 cubs rather than 1 cub. To minimize the risk of harvesting lactating females, management regulations should implement harvest seasons that extend no longer than the end of January.
Seagrass ecosystem recovery: Experimental removal and synthesis of disturbance studies
Authors: Tassone Spencer J. , Ewers Lewis Carolyn J. , McGlathery Karen J. , Pace Michael L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNet global losses of seagrasses have accelerated efforts to understand recovery from disturbances. Stressors causing disturbances (e.g., storms, heatwaves, boating) vary temporally and spatially within meadows potentially affecting recovery. To test differential recovery, we conducted a removal experiment at sites that differed in thermal stress for a temperate seagrass (Zostera marina). We also synthesized prior studies of seagrass recovery to assess general patterns. Seagrass shoots were removed from 28.3 m2 plots at edge and central sites of a meadow in South Bay, Virginia, USA. We hypothesized faster recovery for edge plots where greater oceanic exchange reduces thermal stress. Contrary to our hypothesis recovery was most rapid in the central meadow matching control site shoot density in 24 months. Recovery was incomplete at the meadow edge and estimated to require 158 months. Differences in recovery were likely due to storm‐driven sediment erosion at the edge sites. Based on data from prior recovery studies, which were primarily on monospecific meadows of Zostera, seagrasses recover across a broad range of conditions with a positive, nonlinear relationship between disturbance area and recovery time. Our experiment indicates position within a seagrass meadow affects disturbance susceptibility and length of recovery. Linking this finding to our literature synthesis suggests increased attention to spatial context will contribute to better understanding variation in recovery rates.
Angle‐Insensitive Spectral Imaging Based on Topology‐Optimized Plasmonic Metasurfaces
Authors: Yang Jiawei , Cui Kaiyu , Huang Yidong , Zhang Wei , Feng Xue , Liu Fang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOn‐chip spectral imaging based on engineered spectral modulation and computational spectral reconstruction provides a promising scheme for portable spectral cameras. However, the angle dependence of modulation units results in the angle sensitivity of spectral imaging, which limits its practical applications. Here, metal is utilized instead of dielectric materials to realize on‐chip angle‐robust computational spectral imaging based on a group of topology‐optimized plasmonic metasurface units under a 30° field‐of‐view, and demonstrate angle‐insensitive spectral imaging in the wavelength range of 450–750 nm for average polarization. Furthermore, it is experimentally verified that the angle‐insensitive spectral filtering effects of the fabricated metasurface units, and demonstrated angle‐robust spectral reconstruction with a fidelity of over 98% as well as spectral imaging for a standard color checker. This approach expands the application scale of spectral imaging, which has great potential on metal‐based on‐chip multimodal imaging with dimension of depth, polarization, spectrum and so on.
Nanostructures in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: Principles and Recent Advances in the Light Extraction Strategy
Authors: Kang Kyungnam , Byeon Inseop , Kim Young Gu , Choi Jong‐ryul , Kim Donghyun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) in recent years have emerged as a leading display technology and the popularity of OLEDs is attributed to their numerous advantages, including the ability to produce natural color, achieve a true black state, consume low consumption, exhibit fast response, and be compatible with flexible devices. However, limitations in the performance persist, e.g., the out‐coupling efficiency, which currently stands at ≈20% due to issues such as trapped modes and plasmon loss. Many researchers, therefore, have actively proposed the integration of various nanostructures to address the challenges and enhance OLED performance. The structures play a crucial role in facilitating strong optical interaction with surface plasmon and waveguide modes, thereby improving the extraction of trapped modes. To mitigate the confinement, layers to modulate the refractive index are introduced to extract the confined light and redirect it into the out‐coupled mode. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the principle and effectiveness of these nanostructures in enhancing OLED performance is provided. Various applications of OLEDs are explored based on nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanomeshes, metasurface, bioinspired structures, and scattering layers. By implementing and refining these nanostructures, significant advancements in OLED performance are anticipated.
A simply accessed approach of 2D‐shaping liquid metal in microwave device applications
Authors: Fang Xiaochuan , Kelly James R. , Alkaraki Shaker M. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this letter, a simply accessed approach of 2D‐shaping liquid metal (LM) is presented. This approach allows a microwave device to take advantage of LM in both stretchability and removability. This approach is achieved based on the Young–Laplace theory of liquid surface tension, as well as the surface oxidization that LM possesses. An application example of this approach is demonstrated by a functional changeable microwave device. The proposed device operates in antenna mode when LM is not incorporated. Then, it can change to resonator mode after filling 2D‐shaped LM into fluidic channels. To our knowledge, it is the first device that is capable of changing its function using LM. The measured gain of the proposed microwave device is 7.1 dBi at 2.68 GHz when it operates in antenna mode. The measured insertion loss of the proposed microwave is 1.8 dB at 2.62 GHz when it operates in resonator mode.
Wide‐angle band‐pass FSS with high‐frequency selectivity based on SIW cavity technology
Authors: Li Jiaying , Zhao Zhenzhen , Liu Jianxia , Zhang Anxue 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work proposes and investigates a wide‐angle band‐pass frequency selective surface (FSS) with two sharp sidebands. The presented FSS element is made up of three metallic layers and two substrate layers in between, which are surrounded by a substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity. The top metallic layer is identical to the bottom layer, composed of a square patch etched with a hexagonal groove, while the middle layer is a similar patch but with rectangular notch edges. This structure achieves a second‐order band‐pass response with highly frequency selectivity on either side of the passband. At the same time, this FSS demonstrates excellent stability for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations with incident angles between 0° and 60°. The electric current and field distributions are demonstrated for deep analysis. Furthermore, an equivalent circuit model is developed to further understand the operating mechanisms. To verify the validity of the design, we construct a prototype of the SIW‐based FSS (SIW‐FSS) and measured it. There is a fair degree of agreement between the measured and simulated results. Finally, we loaded it onto the horn antenna and tested its application in filtering antennas.
Non‐fragile reliable guaranteed cost control and L2‐gain analysis for saturated switched nonlinear systems
Authors: Chen Wenxiang , Zhang Xinquan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor the nonlinear continuous‐time saturated switched system, this article investigates the problem of non‐fragile reliable guaranteed cost control of the system. Due to the simultaneous occurrence of controller perturbation, actuator saturation and actuator failure, when designing the cost function, this article considers three scenarios affecting the system performance, controller perturbation, actuator saturation and actuator failure, simultaneously in the cost function, which has not been investigated in the existing literature. For nonlinear switched systems, we derive some sufficient conditions to satisfy simultaneously the stabilization of non‐fragile reliable guaranteed cost control and the performance index. In order to ensure the exponential stabilization of the nonlinear switched systems and minimize the upper bound of cost function, a switching law and the non‐fragile reliable guaranteed cost state feedback controllers are designed by using the minimum dwell‐time method. Furthermore, by solving optimization problems with linear matrix inequality constraints, the minimum upper bound of the cost function and the performance of the system are determined. At the end of the article, we give a numerical example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A conceptual framework to explore considerations of the social implications in internet of things and smart city governance and policy: The case of Thailand
Authors: Choi Yon Jung , Kenney Lisa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCities worldwide are increasingly turning to internet of things (IoT) and smart cities (SC) technologies to help address their needs and challenges. While many governments have developed smart city policies and plans, there is often a disproportionate focus on technological, digital, and economic aspects and a neglect for social implications like social justice, social equity, and social inclusion. Research has yet to fully explore how SC governance and policies consider these implications, and this is especially true in the Global South, where urbanization poses great challenges, but where resources are limited. Using Thailand as a case study, we created a conceptual framework to help explore the social implications of the country's IoT and SC governance and policies. Overall this exploration found that efforts to consider values such as social inclusion and social equity are generally missing from the country's national level SC governance and policies, but when looking at the local levels, we uncovered differences when SC efforts are top‐down versus bottom‐up. Our conceptual framework can be useful in other Global South contexts with emerging SC governance structures and policies.
Determining sulfur speciation in oxidatively crosslinked degradable polymers using sulfur K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Smith Melissa A. , Kalana U. L. D. Inush , Sterbinsky George E. , Wu Tianpin , Kiesewetter Matthew K. , Hayes Dugan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA new family of water‐degradable elastic polymers prepared by oxidative crosslinking of the parent polythionolactones shows promise in a broad range of applications, but the compositions of these materials elude conventional analytical methods. Here we use sulfur K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy to quantify the amounts of thioether, disulfide, sulfone, sulfate ester, and thionoester in each polymer and to rule out the presence of several other functional groups, including sulfonate, thiosulfonate, sulfate, and sulfoxide. We rationalize this speciation as a function of linker flexibility in the context of sulfinyl cycloaddition reactions and propose a mechanism of aggregation for the oxidized polymers. Our results correlate with swelling ratios but not with porosity nor crosslink density measurements, demonstrating the importance of pairing mechanical and chemical techniques when characterizing heterogeneous organic polymers. Finally, we take advantage of the proximity of the gold M4,5‐edges to the sulfur K‐edge to analyze the binding and reactivity of Au(III) with the crosslinked polymers.
Permafrost Distribution in the Southern Carpathians, Romania, Derived From Machine Learning Modeling
Authors: Popescu Răzvan , Filhol Simon , Etzelmüller Bernd , Vasile Mirela , Pleșoianu Alin , Vîrghileanu Marina , Onaca Alexandru , Șandric Ionuț , Săvulescu Ionuț , Cruceru Nicolae , Vespremeanu‐Stroe Alfred , Westermann Sebastian , Sîrbu Flavius , Mihai Bogdan , Nedelea Alexandru , Gascoin Simon 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTComputer modeling of sporadic and isolated patches of mountain permafrost distribution is difficult to implement without overestimating it. The main challenge is to determine the very areas where the criteria for permafrost maintenance are met. This paper aims to modeling the permafrost distribution in the Southern Carpathians (SC), a typical marginal periglacial mountain range. For this purpose, a collection of 883 bottom temperature of late winter snow cover (BTS) points was used as a proxy for permafrost presence or absence in order to train several machine learning models. The performances of each model were evaluated with AUC with varying between 0.99 for Maxent and 0.74 for K‐nearest neighbors and most models (five) exhibiting values between 0.82 and 0.86. Other tests such as confusion matrices, sensitivity analyses, data shuffling, and data size reduction tests indicated that Maxent, AdaBoost, and support vector machine offered the best results while logistic regression, neural network, and gradient boosting exhibited rather poor permafrost distributions. The final ensemble median model indicated a total permafrost area of 19.2 km2 occupying 1%–9% of the alpine area of the studied massifs. NDVI proved crucial for permafrost prediction because it allows delimiting the debris surfaces where permafrost is probable.
Full random effects models (FREM): A practical usage guide
Authors: Jonsson E. Niclas , Nyberg Joakim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe full random‐effects model (FREM) is an innovative and relatively novel covariate modeling technique. It differs from other covariate modeling approaches in that it treats covariates as observations and captures their impact on model parameters using their covariances. These unique characteristics mean that FREM is insensitive to correlations between covariates and implicitly handles missing covariate data. In practice, this implies that covariates are less likely to be excluded from the modeling scope in light of the observed data. FREM has been shown to be a useful modeling method for small datasets, but its pre‐specification properties make it a very compelling modeling choice for late‐stage phases of drug development. The present tutorial aims to explain what FREM models are and how they can be used in practice.
Fully Integrated and High‐Throughput Microfluidic System for Multiplexed Point‐Of‐Care Testing
Authors: Li Shunji , Zhang Ying , Liu Jingxuan , Wang Xing , Qian Chungen , Wang Jingjing , Wu Liqiang , Dai Chenxi , Yuan Huijuan , Wan Chao , Li Jiashuo , Du Wei , Feng Xiaojun , Li Yiwei , Chen Peng , Liu Bi‐Feng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor every epidemic outbreak, the prevention and treatments in resource‐limited areas are always out of reach. Critical to this is that high accuracy, stability, and more comprehensive analytical techniques always rely on expensive and bulky instruments and large laboratories. Here, a fully integrated and high‐throughput microfluidic system is proposed for ultra‐multiple point‐of‐care immunoassay, termed Dac system. Specifically, the Dac system only requires a handheld portable device to automatically recycle repetitive multi‐step reactions including on‐demand liquid releasing, dispensing, metering, collecting, oscillatory mixing, and discharging. The Dac system performs high‐precision enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays for up to 17 samples or targets simultaneously on a single chip. Furthermore, reagent consumption is only 2% compared to conventional ELISA, and microbubble‐accelerated reactions shorten the assay time by more than half. As a proof of concept, the multiplexed detections are achieved by detecting at least four infection targets for two samples simultaneously on a singular chip. Furthermore, the barcode‐based multi‐target results can rapidly distinguish between five similar cases, allowing for accurate therapeutic interventions. Compared to bulky clinical instruments, the accuracy of clinical inflammation classification is 92.38% (n = 105), with a quantitative correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9838, while the clinical specificity is 100% and the sensitivity is 98.93%.