bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Product Inspired N‐Terminal Hsp90 Inhibitors: From Bench to Bedside?
Authors: Khandelwal Anuj , Crowley Vincent M. , Blagg Brian S. J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe 90 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp90) are responsible for the conformational maturation of nascent polypeptides and the rematuration of denatured proteins. Proteins dependent upon Hsp90 are associated with all six hallmarks of cancer. Upon Hsp90 inhibition, protein substrates are degraded via the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. Consequentially, inhibition of Hsp90 offers a therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of cancer. Natural product inhibitors of Hsp90 have been identified in vitro, which have served as leads for the development of more efficacious inhibitors and analogs that have entered clinical trials. This review highlights the development of natural product analogs, as well as the development of clinically important inhibitors that arose from natural products.
A path to value creation for foreign entrepreneurs
Authors: Kulchina Elena 
Published: May 2015

Research summary: Firms founded by foreign entrepreneurs constitute an influential and growing part of the world economy. Yet, the existing research has given little consideration to the strategies of foreign entrepreneurs beyond their decisions to start a firm. In this article, we address this gap by examining how foreign entrepreneurs may bring value to their firms as firm managers. We argue that foreign owner‐managers may benefit their firms by having access to home‐country resources. We demonstrate that, compared to hired local managers, foreign owner‐managers reduce firms' operating costs by disproportionately hiring home‐country labor when this labor is more cost‐efficient. This effect is larger for labor‐intensive industries and for entrepreneurs from less wealthy countries.Managerial summary: Foreign entrepreneurs represent an important part of the world economy. Yet, we know little of how foreign entrepreneurs manage their firms. In this article, we examine whether foreign entrepreneurs and domestic managers hire different employees. We find that when foreign entrepreneurs manage their firms personally, they hire a larger number of foreign workers, and such workers are cheaper and more productive than the local labor. Conversely, domestic managers tend to hire local employees, despite their higher relative wages. Foreign owner‐managers are particularly valuable in labor‐intensive industries and when their home‐country labor is inexpensive. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carnivore diversity at a montane rainforest site in Ecuador's Gran Sumaco Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Hodge Anne-Marie C. , Arbogast Brian S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEcuador harbours a diverse assemblage of tropical mammals, yet the natural history and local-scale distributions of many species remain poorly understood. We conducted the first systematic camera-trap survey of terrestrial mammalian carnivores at Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary, a mid-elevation (1,250–1,450 m), montane rainforest site on the slopes of Sumaco Volcano, in the heart of the Tropical Andes biodiversity hotspot. We quantified trap success, latency to detection and temporal activity patterns for each species detected. We recorded nine carnivore species (four felids, two procyonids and three mustelids), including the first verified record of the jaguarundi Puma yagouaroundi in the region. These species comprise one-third of all terrestrial carnivore species known to occur in Ecuador and 82% of those thought to occur at mid-elevation. All except one of the carnivores we detected have reported elevational ranges ≤ 1,500 m; the one exception, the puma Puma concolor, occurs throughout mainland Ecuador at 0–4,500 m. No cloud forest or highland species (i.e. those with a reported lower elevational limit of ≥ 1,500 m) were detected. Trap success was highest, and latency to detection smallest, for the margay Leopardis wiedii, and temporal activity patterns for all species were consistent with those reported previously in the literature. Our results demonstrate that the mid-elevation montane rainforests of Sumaco Volcano support an exceptionally high diversity of co-existing mammalian carnivores, many of which appear to be near their upper elevational limits, and emphasize the conservation value of this area.
Considerations on State Pension Age in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hammond R. , Baxter S. , Bramley R. , Kakkad A. , Mehta S. , Sadler M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractState Pension Age (SPA) is an issue of topical interest in the United Kingdom at the time of writing owing to the Government’s plans to link SPA at future dates to estimates of the projected longevity of the population. This paper considers the background to the current position, how the linkage is proposed to work, other factors that may need to be considered and some changes in the proposed State pension regime that could be alternatives to, or complementary with, a changing SPA.
Teaching Adults With Intellectual Disability Manual Signs Through Their Support Staff: A Key Word Signing Program
Authors: Meuris Kristien , Maes Bea , Zink Inge 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
The goal of this study was to evaluate a key word signing (KWS) program in which adults with mild to severe intellectual disability (ID) were taught manual signs through their support staff. Our hypothesis was that spontaneous manual sign production of participants would increase significantly after 12 months of implementation of the KWS program.

Method
A KWS immersion program was implemented in a facility for adults with ID. First, 8 support workers received 8 hr of training. These KWS ambassadors then taught 2 manual signs per week to their colleagues, who modeled the use of the signs throughout the day in natural interactions with their clients. KWS use in 15 adults with ID and 15 of their support staff was evaluated before the start of the program and at a 12-month follow-up using a narrative task and during spontaneous conversation.

Results
Manual sign production of support workers and adults with ID had increased significantly 12 months after the start of the program. The adults with ID were able to express significantly more communicative functions in their narrative language after the intervention and when using KWS.

Conclusion
The KWS program was successful and can be applied in similar clinical settings.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170240
Urban drivers of plant‐pollinator interactions
Authors: Harrison Tina , Winfree Rachael 
Published: May 2015

Summary

Plant–pollinator interactions are affected by global change, with largely negative impacts on pollination and plant reproduction. Urban areas provide a unique and productive study system for understanding the impacts of many global change drivers on plant–pollinator interactions.

We review the mechanistic pathways through which urban drivers alter plant–pollinator interactions. The literature on urban drivers of plant–pollinator interactions is small but growing and has already produced exciting insights about how population processes or pollinator behaviour interacts with landscape urban drivers to affect pollination outcomes.

Habitat loss and fragmentation can change flower visitation rates and pollination success through changes in pollinator foraging behaviour or through population‐level effects on pollinators. Urban environments, where impermeable surface provides an inhospitable matrix, may allow researchers to identify habitat fragments more clearly than in many other environments.

Recent studies have found that non‐native plants are not differently preferred by pollinators relative to native plants, therefore removing the basis for expecting pollinator‐mediated competition between native and non‐native plants in urban habitats. However, non‐native species together with managed vegetation may have powerful effects in urban habitats via changes in community‐level plant phenology and consequent changes in pollinator phenology.

The current level of climate warming has not caused plants and pollinators to become detectably temporally separated, although at the same time, diversity among species’ phenological responses could buffer plant–pollinator interactions from climate variation. Due to the urban warming effect, cities provide a promising system for better understanding the warming effects on plant–pollinator interactions.

Environmental contaminants such as soil nitrogen and heavy metal pollution have been examined with respect to plant–pollinator interactions in small‐scale, mechanistic studies. The extent to which environmental contaminants drive plant–pollinator interactions in actual urban landscapes is, however, currently unknown.

Important knowledge gaps that require research attention include understanding the consequences of plant and pollinator trait filtering on plant–pollinator interactions, and expanding the literature to include underrepresented biomes and pollinator taxa.
Influence of Xanthan–Curdlan Hydrogel Complex on Freeze‐Thaw Stability and Rheological Properties of Whey Protein Isolate Gel over Multiple Freeze‐Thaw Cycle
Authors: Shiroodi Setareh Ghorban , Rasco Barbara A. , Lo Y. Martin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe effect of adding xanthan–curdlan hydrogel complex (XCHC) at 2 concentrations (0.25 and 0.5% w/w) on the freeze‐thaw stability of heat‐induced whey protein isolate (WPI) gel was investigated. Samples were stored at 4 °C for 24 h before subjected to 5 freeze‐thaw cycles alternating between −16 °C (18 h) and 25 °C (6 h). Adding XCHC to the WPI solution resulted in the reduction of a significant amount of syneresis up to 5 repeated freeze‐thaw cycles. Addition of XCHC decreased the amount of syneresis from 45% in the control sample (pure WPI gel) to 31.82% and 5.44% in the samples containing 0.25% and 0.5% gum, respectively, after the 5th freeze‐thaw cycle. XCHC increased the storage modulus (G′) of the gels and minimized the changes of the G′ values over the 5 freeze‐thaw cycles, indicating improvement of the stability of the system. Furthermore, the minimum protein concentration for gel formation decreased in the presence of the XCHC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that addition of XCHC resulted in the formation of a well‐structured gel with numerous small pores in the network, which consequently improved the water retention ability during the temperature abuses up to 5 freeze‐thaw cycles. These results have important implications for using XCHC in the formulation of the frozen WPI‐based products with improved freeze‐thaw stability and rheological properties.
The Receptor for the CD200 Tolerance‐Signaling Molecule Associated with Successful Pregnancy is Expressed by Early‐Stage Breast Cancer Cells in 80% of Patients and by Term Placental Trophoblasts
Authors: Clark David A. , Dhesy‐Thind Sukhbinder , Arredondo Jorge L. , Ellis Peter M. , Ramsay Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2015

ProblemThe CD200 tolerance‐signaling molecule that is expressed by a wide variety of tissues, including placental trophoblast and epithelial tumor cells, lacks an intracytoplasmic tail and must act by binding to CD200 receptors that have a limited expression on lymphomyeloid cells. This binding can inhibit inflammation and NK cells, promote macrophage secretion of indoleamine‐2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), and promote generation of Treg cells. Recently, CD200R1 was reported on human first trimester placental villous trophoblast cells. CD200R1 has not been described on malignant tumor cells. As malignant tumor cells exhibit a number of characteristics of trophoblast, is CD200R1 expressed?Method of studyAffinity‐purified rabbit polyclonal antibodies to CD200 and CD200R1 were used to immunostain tissue blocks available from cases in a previous cross‐sectional study of Stage 1‐IIIA human breast cancer cases and term placental trophoblast.ResultsAffinity‐purified anti‐CD200R1 stained primary breast cancer cells and term placental villous trophoblasts. Tumor cells were also stained by anti‐CD200 as in a previous study (correlation P = 0.0042), but CD200R1 and CD200 were not correlated. Presence or absence of strong CD200 expression in the tumor did not correlate with metastasis, and a similar result was obtained with CD200R1.ConclusionsThis is the first report of CD200R1 expression by human epithelial tumor cells, and specifically, early‐stage human breast cancer cells. It is also the first report of CD200R1 expression by term placental villous trophoblasts. The potential biological significance of CD200R1 expression in non‐hematopoietic cells is discussed.
2 Arqueología Patria: Mexican Archaeology and the Nation‐Building Process during the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Peniche May Nancy 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIt is currently accepted that state‐sponsored archaeological practice in Mexico falls under the rubric of nationalist archaeology. The Mexican state supports archaeological research and displays its results, which include archaeological remains, in order to strengthen a sense of national pride and unity. Traditional narratives have held that this practice began after the Revolution (1910). Nevertheless, the institutionalization and professionalization of archaeology dates back to the period known as the Porfiriato (1879–1911). This chapter describes the process through which archaeology was institutionalized during the Porfiriato and how this nationalist archaeology contributed to constructing a Mexican national identity.
4 The Role of Migrations in Creating Identities among Mesoamerica Peoples from Pre‐Hispanic to Modern Times
Authors: Xiuhtecutli Nezahualcoyotl 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTMigration stories abound in pre‐Hispanic Mesoamerican history. After the Conquest, indigenous groups continued to migrate as part of Spanish imperial expansive and within the cultural bounds of their own migratory tradition. In spite of state consolidation, people of Mesoamerica have continued moving between borders regardless of how they identify themselves. As these migrant groups have encountered hostility in the U.S. and Mexico, in recent history they have become activists, challenging traditional definitions of what an indigenous community is. A theme in their activism is a migration narrative that echoes those used by their ancestors from pre‐Hispanic to present times.
6 Of Ancestors and Books: Perception of the Past among Children in a Contemporary Yucatec Maya Community
Authors: Fernández Souza Lilia 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis chapter explores the preconceptions held by Yucatec children about the Maya past. The research was developed in the secondary school of San Antonio Siho, a community located 97 kilometers from Merida, the capital city of Yucatan, Mexico, and situated next to an archaeological site. I present and comment upon the results of observation, interviews, and surveys about topics such as the relationship of children with Yucatec Maya language, traditional clothing and ceremonies, the nearby archaeological site, and the pre‐Hispanic Maya. Finally I discuss how formal and informal education creates the frame for different modernities in contemporary Yucatan.
14 Archaeological Legacies of Knowledge
Authors: Frese Pamela R. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe scholars in this volume successfully illustrate that state and local governments, archaeologists, museums, and the tourist industries actively manipulate “truth” about the past in ways that reflect both an “authentic” heritage and contemporary ethnic, political and economic hegemonic structures. Overall, the volume contributes to current issues of identity construction; to questions of authenticity and commodification of culture; and, to issues surrounding tourism in Mesoamerica. Three significant themes are woven throughout the articles: the reliance on the historical and archaeological past to empower subaltern groups to resist hegemonic structures especially through forms of expressive culture, museums, and tourist venues; the active and powerful struggle for identity by individuals relying on their connections to archaeological sites and rich historical traditions; and finally, the promise of scholarship that incorporates a more holistic archaeological perspective in a four‐field anthropology.
Skeletal muscle homeostasis and plasticity in youth and ageing: impact of nutrition and exercise
Authors: Brook M. S. , Wilkinson D. J. , Phillips B. E. , Perez‐Schindler J. , Philp A. , Smith K. , Atherton P. J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSkeletal muscles comprise a substantial portion of whole body mass and are integral for locomotion and metabolic health. Increasing age is associated with declines in both muscle mass and function (e.g. strength‐related performance, power) with declines in muscle function quantitatively outweighing those in muscle volume. The mechanisms behind these declines are multi‐faceted involving both intrinsic age‐related metabolic dysregulation and environmental influences such as nutritional and physical activity. Ageing is associated with a degree of ‘anabolic resistance’ to these key environmental inputs, which likely accelerates the intrinsic processes driving ageing. On this basis, strategies to sensitize and/or promote anabolic responses to nutrition and physical activity are likely to be imperative in alleviating the progression and trajectory of sarcopenia. Both resistance‐ and aerobic‐type exercises are likely to confer functional and health benefits in older age, and a clutch of research suggests that enhancement of anabolic responsiveness to exercise and/or nutrition may be achieved by optimizing modifications of muscle‐loading paradigms (workload, volume, blood flow restriction) or nutritional support (e.g. essential amino acid/leucine) patterns. Nonetheless, more work is needed in which a more holistic view in ageing studies is taken into account. This should include improved characterization of older study recruits, that is physical activity/nutritional behaviours, to limit confounding variables influencing whether findings are attributable to age, or other environmental influences. Nonetheless, on balance, ageing is associated with declines in muscle mass and function and a partially related decline in aerobic capacity. There is also good evidence that metabolic flexibility is impaired in older age.
Increased tumor cell expression of Axl is a marker of aggressive features in breast cancer among African women
Authors: Ahmed Lavina , Nalwoga Hawa , Arnes Jarle B. , Wabinga Henry , Micklem David R. , Akslen Lars A. 
Published: May 2015

Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the Tyro/Axl/Mer (TAM) family, has been shown to be overexpressed in breast cancer with poor outcome. Moreover, Axl was associated with a basal‐like phenotype (BLP) in these tumors. Our aim was to investigate Axl expression in breast cancers from an African population since these tumors are known to be aggressive and have a high frequency of the basal‐like phenotype. We studied 170 paraffin‐embedded breast carcinoma cases by tissue microarrays and immunohistochemical methods. In total, 128 tumor cases (75%) had strong Axl expression and 42 cases (25%) had weak or negative staining. Strong expression of Axl was associated with high tumor grade (p < 0.0005), estrogen receptor (ER) negativity (p = 0.024), p53 expression (p = 0.004), P‐cadherin positivity (p = 0.017), and basal‐like phenotypic profiles BLP2 (p = 0.033) and BLP3 (p = 0.022). In addition, Axl overexpression also showed an association with markers of tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. In conclusion, our findings indicate strong expression of Axl in a high proportion of breast cancer cases among African women and associations with markers of aggressive features, indicating poor prognosis. These findings suggest Axl as a potential therapeutic target in this population.
What enhances the development of emotion understanding in young children? A longitudinal study of interpersonal predictors
Authors: Kårstad Silja B. , Wichstrøm Lars , Reinfjell Trude , Belsky Jay , Berg‐Nielsen Turid S. 
Published: May 2015

We studied potential determinants of the development of children's emotion understanding (EU) from age 4 to 6 in a Norwegian community sample (N = 974) using the Test of Emotion Comprehension. Interpersonal predictors included the accuracy of parental mentalization, parental emotional availability, and teacher‐reported child social skills. Intrapersonal child factors were child gender and verbal skills. Overall, children's EU increased significantly over time. After adjusting for child gender, age‐4 EU, and parental socio‐economic status, greater child verbal and social skills and greater parental mentalization each uniquely predicted growth in EU. Results are discussed in terms of theory and research on children's EU and parents' emotion socialization.
Thesaurus dataset of educational technology in Chinese
Authors: Wu Linjing , Liu Qingtang , Zhao Gang , Huang Huan , Huang Tao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe thesaurus dataset of educational technology is a knowledge description of educational technology in Chinese. The aims of this thesaurus were to collect the subject terms in the domain of educational technology, facilitate the standardization of terminology and promote the communication between Chinese researchers and scholars from various countries. This thesaurus contains 2367 subject terms and 752 relation pairs between subject terms. This thesaurus can be used in bilingual control, index and retrieval of information resources.
COPD and squamous cell lung cancer: aberrant inflammation and immunity is the common link
Authors: Bozinovski Steven , Vlahos Ross , Anthony Desiree , McQualter Jonathan , Anderson Gary , Irving Louis , Steinfort Daniel 
Published: May 2015

Cigarette smoking has reached epidemic proportions within many regions of the world and remains the highest risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Squamous cell lung cancer is commonly detected in heavy smokers, where the risk of developing lung cancer is not solely defined by tobacco consumption. Although therapies that target common driver mutations in adenocarcinomas are showing some promise, they are proving ineffective in smoking‐related squamous cell lung cancer. Since COPD is characterized by an excessive inflammatory and oxidative stress response, this review details how aberrant innate, adaptive and systemic inflammatory processes can contribute to lung cancer susceptibility in COPD. Activated leukocytes release increasing levels of proteases and free radicals as COPD progresses and tertiary lymphoid aggregates accumulate with increasing severity. Reactive oxygen species promote formation of reactive carbonyls that are not only tumourigenic through initiating DNA damage, but can directly alter the function of regulatory proteins involved in host immunity and tumour suppressor functions. Systemic inflammation is also markedly increased during infective exacerbations in COPD and the interplay between tumour‐promoting serum amyloid A (SAA) and IL‐17A is discussed. SAA is also an endogenous allosteric modifier of FPR2 expressed on immune and epithelial cells, and the therapeutic potential of targeting this receptor is proposed as a novel strategy for COPD–lung cancer overlap.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Inflammation: maladies, models, mechanisms and molecules. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2016.173.issue-4