bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Geometric Pottery from Crete
Authors: Droop J. P. 
Published: October 2013

In the spring of 1906 I spent some time in the Museum at Candia, studying the Cretan Geometric pottery. In particular my attention was devoted to two large groups hitherto unpublished, the one from Praesos excavated by Mr. R. C. Bosanquet and Mr. J. H. Marshall in 1901 and the other discovered by a local tomb-hunter, ᾿Ιωάμμης Χατζιλάρης in 1902, in a tomb near Adhromyloi, two hours south-west of Praesos, and confiscated by the local authorities.To these I added two groups, the one of five vases from Vavelloi, a village almost on the site of ancient Praesos, and the other, consisting of four vases, from a field on the road between Haghios Nikolaos and Mirabello, which latter group I have to thank Dr. Joseph Hazzidakes for permission to publish.The clay of the large majority of the vases is of a rather soft nature and buff in colour, often, however, especially in the Adhromyloi group, slightly tinged with pink. The paint used is generally a sepia without much glaze, varying in shade according to its thickness and the amount of baking which it received. This normal clay and paint is to be assumed in what follows, unless there be a note.
Dipylon Vases from the Kynosarges Site
Authors: Droop J. P. 
Published: October 2013

In the spring of 1896, a small excavation conducted by Mr. Cecil Smith, then Director of the British School, resulted in the discovery of the site of the Kynosarges gymnasium on the left bank of the Ilissus below Callirrhoe.The excavation also brought to light a considerable number of ‘Dipylon’ tombs. It is unfortunate that, according to the law as it then stood, the larger part of the vases found in these tombs passed into the hands of the owner of the site and are now beyond reach, but a certain number are preserved in the Museum of the British School, and these, to judge from a photograph of some of the lost vases, I believe to be good representatives of the whole group. I have to thank Mr. Cecil Smith for permission to publish them.There are in all forty-four vases, many unfortunately very fragmentary. Besides these there are three pieces which show traces of later oriental influence. The numbers are those of the Museum Catalogue.
II.—Excavations at Sparta, 1906: § 2.—The City Wall
Authors: Wace A.J.B. 
Published: October 2013

From the 3rd till the 26th of May a series of trial excavations was made along the river bank, north of the precinct of Artemis Orthia. These resulted in the discovery of the Greek wall of the city and of traces of an, at present, nameless Heroön close to it. The following description begins from the south. (General Plan, Pl. VII.)The part of the wall found south-east of the Artemisium is, as far as it has at present been uncovered, of a normal type (Plate VII.). It is three metres thick, built of hewn limestone blocks laid in courses with irregular jointing. Not more than two courses are preserved, and they rest on a foundation of small stones and rough blocks. Most remarkable is the deep drain running out through the wall, which here comes obliquely from the cliff to the south, between the Roman building and the river. Where the Eurotas has eaten into the bank and destroyed part of the Roman arena, the wall also has been carried away. On the cliff (General Plan, O 16) a few trial pits produced one tile-stamp (of type 17, see p. 348), and revealed a long block of hewn rock, but the line of the fortification has still to be found here.
II—Excavations at Sparta, 1906: § 9.—Inscriptions from the Artemisium
Authors: Tillyard H. J. W. 
Published: October 2013

The inscriptions may be classed as follows: (1) about fifty from the Artemisium; (2) a few fragments found near the Altar; (3) about forty from various other sites. The last class includes many which were found built into the late Byzantine walls and a few which were obtained outside the area of the excavation, but are undoubtedly of Spartan origin. A final section deals with the inscriptions copied by Fourmont.It has been thought best to publish without delay everything but small fragments. The commentary does not claim to be complete; this applies especially to the inscriptions from the Artemisium, where no finality of conclusion can be reached until all available stones have been dug out and read. With very few exceptions the inscriptions are given from my own copies and impressions.
The Excavations at Phylakopi in Melos, 1911: § 3.—Intramural Tombs of Infants
Authors: Dawkins R. M. 
Published: October 2013

In several places near the city remains of numerous rock-cut tombs exist, and it would appear from the prevalence of the local Geometric among the fragments of pottery picked up near them during the old excavation, that they belong in great measure to the end of the First and the beginning of the Second City. These tombs had all been robbed, and therefore no bones were found; if they had been undisturbed, it is now safe to say that at least all those with Geometric vases would have proved to be the tombs of adults, for a series of burials of children of this period has now been found, which shews a curious difference between the methods of disposing of the adult and of the infant dead.On the surface of the rock, upon which the foundations of the houses of the lowest stratum rest, there were found a number of shallow basin-like depressions, in which large pithoi were lying. Probably owing to the hardness of the rock these holes were not more than at most a foot deep, and the pithoi are consequently only partially sunk in them.
The Fortifications of Phokis
Authors: Tillard Laurence B. 
Published: October 2013

In May 1911 I made a systematic examination of the fortifications of Phokis. My attention was primarily directed to the fortifications quâ fortifications, but I have been led to some identifications which may help to add more certainty to the topography of Phokis (Fig. 1). Briefly, my results so far as concerns the plain of the Kephissos are as follows:—(i) Tithorea occupied the site of the earlier Neon, that is to say approximately the site of the modern village Velítza. Historically the town was of no importance; the military remains are among the finest and best preserved in Greece.(ii) Erochos was situated near the village of Kato-Souvála.(iii) Charadra is to be placed at Mariolátes.(iv) A Kastro, marked on the French Map as ‘Psili Kastro,’ may be identified as the Patronis of Plutarch.(v) Near some Hellenic remains, which have been conjectured to mark the position of the Phokikon in the valley of the Platanias, is a Kastro hitherto ignored or undiscovered by travellers. The presence of this fort—it was not a town—lends colour to the identification of these Hellenic remains as the Phokikon.The remainder of the article deals with the fortifications of Phokis, which with the exception of Abai, Hyampolis and the remains at Modi, are of a uniform type and date from the restoration after the battle of Chaironeia in 338 B.C.
Note on the Metre of the Inscriptions in Popular Greek
Authors: Bury J. B. 
Published: October 2013

The inscriptions in popular Greek on A and B are highly interesting as the earliest examples of the metrical cries of the Factions of the Hippodrome. Hitherto the earliest known example dated from about half a century later, in A.D. 561 (see Theophanes, ed. De Boor, 236). Then we have several acclamations in the record of A.D. 602. Phocas was greeted by the chant:—ὕπαγε, μάθε τὴν κατάστασιν, ‘Away, understand the situation,ὁ Μαυρίκιος οὐκ ἀπέθανεν, Maurice is not dead,<ὔπαγε> μάθε τὴν ἀλήθειαν (Away), learn the truth!’(See Theoph. Simoc, [304 ed. de Boor], and John of Antioch, 218d, in F.H.G. v. 37.) Each verse has ten syllables and the accent falls on the antepenultimate. In all this popular ‘poetry,’ the metre depends not on quantity but on the number of syllables and the accent.
A Note on the θήλεα νοῦσος of the Skythians
Authors: Halliday W. R. 
Published: October 2013

In a note on the Argive festival of the Hybristika I mentioned the diviners of Skythia as examples of that strange phenomenon familiar among many savage peoples, the magician who dresses as a woman. As the θήλεα νοῦσος has been somewhat of a crux to Herodotean scholars, I may perhaps be allowed to develop the point a little more at length.It has usually been suggested that the θήλεα νοῦσος must be explained either as a vice, or as a bodily disease, or as a mental affliction. None of these theories, however, accounts for all the features of the evidence which we possess, and can only be tortured into conformity by the Procrustean ingenuity of the scholar. Those, for example, who explain the θήλεα νοῦσος as a vice, have further to show why those who are afflicted with it form a definite class, why they are connected especially with Askalon, and why they are magicians.
The Transliteration of Modern Greek
Authors: Dawkins R. M. 
Published: October 2013

The present irregularities and inconsistencies in the transliteration of Modern Greek make it very desirable to draw up some short notes on the subject, in order to arrive at some reasoned system for future use.In September, 1908, a leaflet was issued to the contributors to the Annual of the British School at Athens containing a system of transliteration to be applied to Ancient Greek, and this may conveniently be reprinted here to serve as a starting-point for the present discussion.
The Kouretes and Zeus Kouros: A Study in Pre-Historic Sociology
Authors: Harrison Jane E. 
Published: October 2013

Ἰώ, μέγιστε Κοῦρε, Χαῖρέ μοι,Κρόνιε.The opening words of the Hymn to Diktaean Zeus recently found at Palaikastro instantly arrest attention. Zeus the Father of Gods and Men is invoked by a title that to our unaccustomed ears sounds strange and barely reverent.
Estimating the burden of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza in Finland during two seasons
Authors: SHUBIN M. , VIRTANEN M. , TOIKKANEN S. , LYYTIKÄINEN O. , AURANEN K. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYIn Finland, the pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 was the dominant influenza strain during the pandemic season in 2009/2010 and presented alongside other influenza types during the 2010/2011 season. The true number of infected individuals is unknown, as surveillance missed a large portion of mild infections. We applied Bayesian evidence synthesis, combining available data from the national infectious disease registry with an ascertainment model and prior information on A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza and the surveillance system, to estimate the total incidence and hospitalization rate of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. The estimated numbers of A(H1N1)pdm09 infections in Finland were 211 000 (4% of the population) in the 2009/2010 pandemic season and 53 000 (1% of the population) during the 2010/2011 season. Altogether, 1·1% of infected individuals were hospitalized. Only 1 infection per 25 was ascertained.
Economic evaluation of a crisis resolution service: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: McCrone Paul , Johnson Sonia , Nolan Fiona , Pilling Stephen , Sandor Andrew , Hoult John , McKenzie Nigel , Thompson Marie , Bebbington Paul 
Published: October 2013

SummaryAims – The use of specialised services to avoid admission to hospital for people experiencing mental health crises is seen as an integral part of psychiatric services in some countries. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact on costs and costeffectiveness of a crisis resolution team (CRT). Methods – Patients who were experiencing mental health crises sufficient for admission to be considered were randomised to either care provided by a CRT or standard services. The primary outcome measure was inpatient days over a six-month follow-up period. Service use was measured, costs calculated and cost-effectiveness assessed. Results – Patients receiving care from the CRT had non-inpatient costs £768 higher than patients receiving standard care (90% CI, £153 to £1375). With the inclusion of inpatient costs the costs for the CRT group were £2438 lower for the CRT group (90% CI, £937 to £3922). If one less day spent as an inpatient was valued at £100, there would be a 99.5% likelihood of the CRT being costeffective. Conclusion – This CRT was shown to be cost-effective for modest values placed on reductions in inpatient stays.
Socio-economic disparities in Australian adolescents’ eating behaviours
Authors: Niven Philippa , Scully Maree , Morley Belinda , Crawford David , Baur Louise A , Wakefield Melanie 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between socio-economic position (SEP) and poor eating behaviours in a large representative sample of Australian secondary-school students.DesignCross-sectional survey of students’ vegetable, fruit, sugar-sweetened beverage and fast-food consumption assessed using validated instruments and collected via a web-based self-report format.SettingSecondary schools across all Australian states and territories.SubjectsSecondary-school students (n 12 188; response rate: 54 %) aged 12–17 years participating in the 2009–10 National Secondary Students’ Diet and Activity (NaSSDA) survey.ResultsOverall, 25 % of students reported consuming ≤1 serving of vegetables/d and 29 % reported eating ≤1 serving of fruit/d. Fourteen per cent of students reported drinking at least 1–2 cups of sugar-sweetened beverages/d while 9 % reported eating fast food ≥3 times/week. After adjusting for other demographic factors, students of lower-SEP areas were more likely to report low intake of vegetables (F(4, 231) = 3·61, P = 0·007) and high frequency of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (F(4, 231) = 8·41, P < 0·001) and fast food (F(4, 231) = 4·59, P = 0·001) compared with students of high-SEP neighbourhoods. A positive SEP association was found for fruit consumption among female students only (F(4, 231) = 4·20, P = 0·003). Those from lower-SEP areas were also more likely to engage in multiple poor eating behaviours (F(4, 231)=5·80, P < 0·001).ConclusionsResults suggest that socio-economic disparities in Australian adolescents’ eating behaviours do exist, with students residing in lower-SEP neighbourhoods faring less well than those from high-SEP neighbourhoods. Reducing social inequalities in eating behaviours among young people should be a key consideration of future preventive strategies.
Size, separation, structural order and mass density of molecules packing in water and ice
Authors: Huang Yongli , Zhang Xi , Ma Zengsheng , Li Wen , Zhou Yichun , Zhou Ji , Zheng Weitao , Sun Chang Q. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe structural symmetry and molecular separation in water and ice remain uncertain. We present herewith a solution to unifying the density, the structure order and symmetry, the size (H-O length dH) and the separation (dOO = dL + dH or the O:H length dL) of molecules packing in water and ice in terms of statistic mean. This solution reconciles: i) the dL and the dH symmetrization of the O:H-O bond in compressed ice, ii) the dOO relaxation of cooling water and ice and, iii) the dOO expansion of a dimer and between molecules at water surface. With any one of the dOO, the density ρ(g·cm−3), the dL and the dH, as a known input, one can resolve the rest quantities using this solution that is probing conditions or methods independent. We clarified that: i) liquid water prefers statistically the mono-phase of tetrahedrally-coordinated structure with fluctuation, ii) the low-density phase (supersolid phase as it is strongly polarized with even lower density) exists only in regions consisting molecules with fewer than four neighbors and, iii) repulsion between electron pairs on adjacent oxygen atoms dictates the cooperative relaxation of the segmented O:H-O bond, which is responsible for the performance of water and ice.
Quantifying the effect of temporal resolution on time-varying networks
Authors: Ribeiro Bruno , Perra Nicola , Baronchelli Andrea 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTime-varying networks describe a wide array of systems whose constituents and interactions evolve over time. They are defined by an ordered stream of interactions between nodes, yet they are often represented in terms of a sequence of static networks, each aggregating all edges and nodes present in a time interval of size Δt. In this work we quantify the impact of an arbitrary Δt on the description of a dynamical process taking place upon a time-varying network. We focus on the elementary random walk and put forth a simple mathematical framework that well describes the behavior observed on real datasets. The analytical description of the bias introduced by time integrating techniques represents a step forward in the correct characterization of dynamical processes on time-varying graphs.
Human opinion dynamics: An inspiration to solve complex optimization problems
Authors: Kaur Rishemjit , Kumar Ritesh , Bhondekar Amol P. , Kapur Pawan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHuman interactions give rise to the formation of different kinds of opinions in a society. The study of formations and dynamics of opinions has been one of the most important areas in social physics. The opinion dynamics and associated social structure leads to decision making or so called opinion consensus. Opinion formation is a process of collective intelligence evolving from the integrative tendencies of social influence with the disintegrative effects of individualisation and therefore could be exploited for developing search strategies. Here, we demonstrate that human opinion dynamics can be utilised to solve complex mathematical optimization problems. The results have been compared with a standard algorithm inspired from bird flocking behaviour and the comparison proves the efficacy of the proposed approach in general. Our investigation may open new avenues towards understanding the collective decision making.
CMOS quasi‐digital temperature sensor for battery operated systems
Authors: Azcona C. , Calvo B. , Medrano N. , Celma S. 
Published: October 2013

A high performance 1.2 V–0.18 µm CMOS quasi‐digital temperature sensor is presented with frequency output suitable to be used in battery operated systems. It is based on a multivibrator current‐to‐frequency converter and works properly over a temperature range of –40 to + 120°C, exhibiting a linear sensitivity of 442 Hz/°C with accuracy better than 1.0°C and a power consumption of 1.8 µW.
Hardware stream cipher with controllable chaos generator for colour image encryption
Authors: Barakat Mohamed L. , Mansingka Abhinav S. , Radwan Ahmed G. , Salama Khaled N. 
Published: October 2013

This study presents hardware realisation of chaos‐based stream cipher utilised for image encryption applications. A third‐order chaotic system with signum non‐linearity is implemented and a new post processing technique is proposed to eliminate the bias from the original chaotic sequence. The proposed stream cipher utilises the processed chaotic output to mask and diffuse input pixels through several stages of XORing and bit permutations. The performance of the cipher is tested with several input images and compared with previously reported systems showing superior security and higher hardware efficiency. The system is experimentally verified on XilinxVirtex 4 field programmable gate array (FPGA) achieving small area utilisation and a throughput of 3.62 Gb/s.
Models of the family, women’s role and social policy
Authors: Hakim Catherine 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Is Europe converging on a single dominant model of the family and Women’s role which provides the basis for convergence on a single set of social policies? This paper concludes that the European Commission is wrong to expect a single dominant trend. On the contrary, recent research shows that three quite different, even conflicting, models of the family, and of women’s role, continue to attract roughly equal support across the European Union as a whole, and within all EU countries. Two revolutions have occurred: the contraceptive revolution and the equal opportunities revolution, which have given women genuine choices for the first time in history. In the new scenario, women make divergent choices, producing at least three family models. In the future, social policy and employment policy need to recognize, and support, all three models of the family and of women’s role. This makes EU policy-making more difficult, and sheds new light on national differences.
Ethnicity, multiculturalism and the problem of culture
Authors: Ålund Aleksandra 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This article discusses the complex meaning of ethnicity and identity in the multicultural society of today with reference to Swedish society. Sweden, a pronouncedly multiethnic society, is today undergoing division along ethnic lines. Social inequalities tend to be understood in terms of cultural difference. This development seems to be characteristic of most European countries. Culture is usually connected with ethnicity and race and understood as pure, as an ‘essence’, as related to some original and eternal ethnic core. In this way important aspects of cultural dynamic in multicultural society are left unobserved. What is usually not recognized are cultural crossings and the emergence of composite identities. Within the framework of multicultural society new cultures, identities and ethnicities are created. Departing from some general features of the dominant discourse on ethnicity, its historical roots and its relations to culture and multicutturalism, I discuss problems of cultural essentialism.
How penal common sense comes to europeans
Authors: Wacquant Loïc 
Published: October 2013

This article analyzes the processes whereby a new ‘penal common sense’ aiming to criminalize poverty and thereby normalize precarious wage labor has incubated in America and is being internationalized, alongside the neoliberal economic ideology which it translates and complements in the realm of ‘justice’. Three operations are distinguished in the transatlantic diffusion of this new doxa on ‘security’: (1) the gestation and dissemination of terms, theses, and measures that converge to penalize social insecurity and its consequences; (2) their borrowing, through a work of adaptation to the national cultural idiom and state tradition, by the officials of the different receiving countries; (3) the ‘academicization’ of the categories of neoliberal understanding by pseudo-social research that serves to legitimize the bolstering of the penal state.
Denunciations of ‘urban violence’ and increased surveillance of ‘problem neighborhoods’, curfews and the targeting of petty drug offenders, deregulation and privatization of criminal justice services, ‘prison works’ and ‘zero tolerance’: these mottos, notions, and policies promoted by neoconservative think-tanks in the United States and their British trading posts have spread throughout western Europe where they facilitate the transition from a social welfare to a penal management of the rising social misery. Thus one needs to extend the expression ‘Washington consensus’, commonly used to designate neoliberal measures of ‘structural adjustment’ imposed by the rulers of global finance on debtor nations, to encompass the policing and carceral management of the increased poverty and marginality that are the socio-logical consequence of these economic policies in advanced societies.