bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of cerebral amyloid angiopathy define histopathological phenotypes in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Allen N. , Robinson A. C. , Snowden J. , Davidson Y. S. , Mann D. M. A. 
Published: July 2013

AimsPathological heterogeneity of Aβ deposition in senile plaques (SP) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been long noted. The aim of this study was to classify cases of AD according to their pattern of Aβ deposition, and to seek factors which might predict, or predispose towards, this heterogeneity.MethodsThe form, distribution and severity of Aβ deposition (as SP and/or CAA) was assessed semiquantitatively in immunostained sections of frontal, temporal and occipital cortex from 134 pathologically confirmed cases of AD.ResultsFour patterns of Aβ deposition were defined. Type 1 describes cases predominantly with SP, with or without CAA within leptomeningeal vessels alone. Type 2 describes cases where, along with many SP, CAA is present in both leptomeningeal and deeper penetrating arteries. Type 3 describes cases where capillary CAA is present along with SP and arterial CAA. Type 4 describes a predominantly vascular phenotype, where Aβ deposition is much more prevalent in and around blood vessels, than as SP. As would be anticipated from the group definitions, there were significant differences in the distribution and degree of CAA across the phenotype groups, although Aβ deposition as SP did not vary. There were no significant differences between phenotype groups with regard to age of onset, age at death, disease duration and brain weight, or disease presentation. Women were over‐represented in the type 1 phenotype and men in type 2. Genetically, type 3 (capillary subtype) cases were strongly associated with possession of the APOE ε4 allele.ConclusionsThis study offers an alternative method of pathologically classifying cases of AD. Further studies may derive additional genetic, environmental or clinical factors which associate with, or may be responsible for, these varying pathological presentations of AD.
Down‐regulation of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in spinal motor neurones under oxidative stress
Authors: Chu Tak‐Ho , Guo Anchen , Wu Wutian 
Published: July 2013

AimApurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is an intermediate enzyme in base excision repair which is important for removing damaged nucleotides under normal and pathological conditions. Accumulation of damaged bases causes genome instability and jeopardizes cell survival. Our study is to examine APE1 regulation under oxidative stress in spinal motor neurones which are vulnerable to oxidative insult.MethodsWe challenged the motor neurone‐like cell line NSC‐34 with hydrogen peroxide and delineated APE1 function by applying various inhibitors. We also examined the expression of APE1 in spinal motor neurones after spinal root avulsion in adult rats.ResultsWe showed that hydrogen peroxide induced APE1 down‐regulation and cell death in a differentiated motor neurone‐like cell line. Inhibiting the two functional domains of APE1, namely, DNA repair and redox domains potentiated hydrogen peroxide induced cell death. We further showed that p53 phosphorylation early after hydrogen peroxide treatment might contribute to the down‐regulation of APE1. Our in vivo results similarly showed that APE1 was down‐regulated after root avulsion injury in spinal motor neurones. Delay of motor neurone death suggested that APE1 might not cause immediate cell death but render motor neurones vulnerable to further oxidative insults.ConclusionWe conclude that spinal motor neurones down‐regulate APE1 upon oxidative stress. This property renders motor neurones susceptible to continuous challenge of oxidative stress in pathological conditions.
Buddhist religious practices and blood pressure among elderly in rural Uttaradit Province, northern Thailand
Authors: Stewart Onwilasini , Yamarat Khemika , Neeser Karl J. , Lertmaharit Somrat , Holroyd Eleanor 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to test the relationship between Buddhist religious practices and blood pressure. A cross‐sectional survey of Buddhist religious practices and blood pressure was conducted with 160 Buddhist elderly in rural Uttaradit, northern Thailand. After controlling for the variables of gender, status, education, salary, underlying hypertension, exercise, salt intake, and taking antihypertensive medications, it was found that lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure is associated with the Buddhist religious practice of temple attendance. The Buddhist older people who regularly attended a temple every Buddhist Holy day (which occurs once a week) were found to have systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings lower than people who did not attend as regularly. It is recommended that nurses advocate for temple attendance in the care protocols for older Buddhist hypertensive patients both in Thailand and internationally.
Contrasting modes of inorganic carbon acquisition amongst Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae) phylotypes
Authors: Brading Patrick , Warner Mark E. , Smith David J. , Suggett David J. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Growing concerns over ocean acidification have highlighted the need to critically understand inorganic carbon acquisition and utilization in marine microalgae. Here, we contrast these characteristics for the first time between two genetically distinct dinoflagellate species of the genus Symbiodinium (phylotypes A13 and A20) that live in symbiosis with reef‐forming corals.

Both phylotypes were grown in continuous cultures under identical environmental conditions. Rubisco was measured using quantitative Western blots, and radioisotopic 14C uptake was used to characterize light‐ and total carbon dioxide (TCO2)‐dependent carbon fixation, as well as inorganic carbon species preference and external carbonic anhydrase activity.

A13 and A20 exhibited similar rates of carbon fixation despite cellular concentrations of Rubisco being approximately four‐fold greater in A13. The uptake of CO2 over was found to support the majority of carbon fixation in both phylotypes. However, A20 was also able to indirectly utilize by first converting it to CO2 via external carbonic anhydrase.

These results show that adaptive differences in inorganic carbon acquisition have evolved within the Symbiodinium genus, which thus carries fundamental implications as to how this functionally key genus will respond to ocean acidification, but could also represent a key trait factor that influences their productivity when in hospite of their coral hosts.
Pain, Pain Catastrophizing, and History of Intentional Overdoses and Attempted Suicide
Authors: Sansone Randy A. , Watts Daron A. , Wiederman Michael W. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe management of pain patients with analgesics is challenging, with one of the risks being overdose with prescribed medications and death. In this study, we examined relationships between pain and pain catastrophizing, and past history of intentional overdoses and suicide attempts.MethodUsing a cross‐sectional approach and a self‐report survey methodology, we examined 239 consecutive internal medicine outpatients in the United States. We inquired about pain “today, over the past month,” and “over the past year;” and assessed pain catastrophizing with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), past histories of intentional overdoses, and suicide attempts.ResultsThere were statistically significant relationships between all of the pain variables, as well as PCS scores, and history of intentional overdoses. There were also statistically significant relationships between all of the pain variables, as well as PCS scores, and history of suicide attempts.ConclusionsAlthough we cannot discern causal relationships, findings indicate that patients with pain complaints and pain catastrophizing have a greater likelihood of having past histories of intentional overdoses and suicide attempts. We discuss the potential implications of these findings.
Mapping powdery mildew resistance gene in V97‐3000 soybean
Authors: Wang Yueqiang , Shi Ainong , Zhang Bo , Chen Pengyin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractV97‐3000 is a maturity group (MG) V soybean breeding line derived from SS 516 × V90‐2592 (Vance × V81‐1325) with high stachyose, small seed and powdery mildew resistance. A total of 53 F2:3 families were derived from a cross between V97‐3000 and a powdery mildew susceptible line V99‐5089. The 53 F2:3 families, each with 30 plants, were grown in the greenhouse for powdery mildew evaluation, and the corresponding 53 F2 plants were genotyped using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Results showed that the 53 F2:3 families segregated in ratio of one resistant : two segregating : one susceptible (13 : 26 : 14) and the 26 segregating F2:3 families each exhibited a good fit to three resistant : one susceptible, indicating that resistance to powdery mildew is conditioned by a single dominant gene. The gene for powdery mildew resistance in V97‐3000 was mapped on chromosome 16 [linkage group (LG) J] flanked by Satt547 and Sat_396 on one side and Sat_393 on the other side with 3.8 cM and 3.9 cM distance, respectively. This study provides a new source of powdery mildew resistance and information of genetic location of the resistance gene and linked markers, which is useful for breeders selecting powdery mildew resistance through marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in soybean breeding programmes.
Association between Internet overuse and aggression in Korean adolescents
Authors: Kim Kitai 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine the association between Internet overuse and aggression.MethodsA total of 2336 high school students (boys, 57.5%; girls, 42.5%) in South Korea completed the structured questionnaire. The severity of Internet overuse was evaluated using Young's Internet Addiction Test. Aggression was measured using the Aggression Questionnaire, a modified hostility inventory by Buss and Perry.ResultsThe proportions of boys who were classified as severe addicts and moderate addicts were 2.5% and 53.7%, respectively. For girls, the corresponding proportions were 1.9% and 38.9%, respectively. manova results for univariate analysis showed that sex, duration of Internet use, most‐frequently used Internet activities, level of Internet addiction, smoking, alcohol, and caffeine were significantly associated with aggression scores. From multivariate analysis, it was found that smoking, alcohol, and level of Internet addiction were independently associated with all aggressive characteristics. Internet addiction scores were also significantly associated with all aggression scores from simple and multiple linear regression analyses (parameter estimate = 0.54–0.58 for total aggression). Pearson correlation results showed that Internet addiction scores revealed the highest correlation coefficients with aggression among Internet‐related factors, age, and sex. Severe Internet‐addicted boys showed higher scores in all aggression characteristics than severe Internet‐addicted girls, even though it was not statistically significant in every characteristic. However, there was no sex effect on the association between Internet overuse and aggression.ConclusionThis study shows that Internet overuse is strongly associated with aggression in adolescents.
Factors influencing the response to specific immunotherapy for asthma in children aged 5–16 years
Authors: Peng Wansheng , Liu Enmei 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the factors predicting the response to allergen‐specific immunotherapy (ASIT) in children with asthma.MethodsThe case notes of children with asthma who received ASIT for 2 years were retrospectively reviewed. The cases were then divided into an effective clinical response group, defined as absence of asthma symptoms without requirement for medication for at least 6 months during follow up; and an ineffective clinical response group. At the time of initiating treatment, blood was collected for analysis of serum total IgE. Family history of atopy, history of passive smoking, onset age of wheezing and so on was obtained from each patient. Ten factors that may influence children's response were analyzed on logistic regression analysis and compared between groups.ResultsA total of 99 children with asthma received ASIT s.c. for 2 years during September 2007–February 2010. The average age was 8.66 ± 0.30 years. Good response to ASIT was found in 72 cases, while an inadequate response was found in 27 cases. Of the 10 factors tested for correlation with clinical response to ASIT, a significant correlation was found with onset age of wheezing and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The odds ratio for the onset age of wheezing was 2.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40–5.65, P = 0.004) and that for AHR was 1.33 (95%CI: 1.04–1.70, P = 0.021).ConclusionPotential predictors for the response to ASIT in children with asthma were identified. Onset age of wheezing and AHR may influence response to ASIT.
Learning‐induced modulations of the stimulus‐preceding negativity
Authors: Morís Joaquín , Luque David , Rodríguez‐Fornells Antoni 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe neural basis of feedback expectation, which is crucial in learning theory, has only been minimally studied. Stimulus‐preceding negativity (SPN), an ERP component that appears prior to the presentation of feedback, has been proposed as being related to feedback expectation. The present study showed, for the first time, amplitude modulations of the SPN component during learning acquisition in a trial‐by‐trial associative learning task. The results indicate that SPN could be a plausible electrophysiological index of the cognitive processes engaged while expecting the appearance of relevant feedback during reinforcement learning.
The ward round – patient experiences and barriers to participation
Authors: Swenne Christine Leo , Skytt Bernice 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundPatients’ participation is essential to their well‐being and sense of coherence, as well as to their understanding of and adherence to prescribed treatments. Ward rounds serve as a forum for sharing information between patient and caregiver. The purpose of the ward round is to obtain information and plan medical and nursing care through staff–patient communication.Aim and ObjectiveThe aim and objective of this study was to investigate patients’ experiences during the ward round and their ability to participate in their care.Methodological design and justificationThe study was qualitative and descriptive in design. Fourteen inpatients at a cardiovascular ward were interviewed. Qualitative content analysis was used for the analysis.Ethical issues and approvalThe ethics of scientific work were adhered to. Each study participant gave his/her informed consent based on verbal and written information. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at Uppsala University.ResultsThe analysis revealed one theme and three subthemes related to patients’ experiences of ward rounds. The main theme was handling of information from the daily ward round while waiting for private consultation. The subthemes were making the best of the short time spent on ward rounds; encountering traditional roles and taking comfort in staff competency; and being able to choose the degree to which one participates in the decision‐making process.ConclusionsSeveral aspects of traditional ward round routines could be improved in regard to the two‐way information exchange process between caregivers and patient. Patients’ and caregivers’ ability to communicate their goals and the environment in which the communication occurs are of great importance. The information provided by nurses is easier to understand than that provided by physicians. The atmosphere must be open; the patient should be treated with empathy by staff; and patients’ right to participate must be acknowledged by all healthcare professionals involved.
Implementation of an intraoperative blood transport and storage initiative and its effect on reducing red blood cell and plasma waste
Authors: Brown Michael J. , Button Lisa M. , Badjie Karafa S. , Guyer Jean M. , Dhanorker Sarah R. , Brach Erin J. , Johnson Pamela M. , Stubbs James R. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundThe national waste rate for hospital‐issued blood products ranges from 0% to 6%, with operating room–responsible waste representing up to 70% of total hospital waste. A common reason for blood product waste is inadequate intraoperative storage.Study Design and MethodsOur transfusion service database was used to quantify and categorize red blood cell (RBC) and fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) units issued for intraoperative transfusion that were wasted over a 27‐month period. Two cohorts were created: 1) before implementation of a blood transport and storage initiative (BTSI)—RBC and plasma waste January 1, 2011‐May 31, 2012; 2) after implementation of BTSI—RBC and plasma waste June 1, 2012, to March 31, 2013. The BTSI replaced existing storage coolers (8‐hr coolant life span with temperature range of 1‐10°C) with a cooler that had a coolant life span of 18 hours and a temperature range of 1 to 6°C and included an improved educational cooler placard and an alert mechanism in the electronic health record. Monthly median RBC and plasma waste and its associated cost were the primary outcomes.ResultsAn intraoperative BTSI significantly reduced median monthly RBC (1.3% vs. 0.07%) and FFP (0.4% vs. 0%) waste and its associated institutional cost. The majority of blood product waste was due to an unacceptable temperature of unused returned blood products.ConclusionAn intraoperative BTSI significantly reduced median monthly RBC and FFP waste. The cost to implement this initiative was small, resulting in a significant estimated return on investment that may be reproducible in institutions other than ours.
Leukoreduction and ultraviolet treatment reduce both the magnitude and the duration of the HLA antibody response
Authors: Jackman Rachael P. , Deng Xutao , Bolgiano Douglas , Utter Garth H. , Schechterly Cathy , Lebedeva Mila , Operskalski Eva , Luban Naomi L. , Alter Harvey , Busch Michael P. , Slichter Sherrill J. , Norris Philip J. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundBoth leukoreduction and ultraviolet (UV) light treatment of blood products have been shown to reduce the incidence of HLA antibody development in recipients, but the impact of these treatments on the magnitude and persistence of the antibody response is less clear.Study Design and MethodsLongitudinal samples from 319 subjects taken from four different study cohorts were evaluated for HLA antibodies to determine the effects of leukoreduction and UV treatment on HLA antibody generation and persistence.ResultsSubjects receiving leukoreduced or UV‐treated blood products were less likely to generate Class I HLA antibodies, and those receiving leukoreduced blood were also less likely to generate Class II HLA antibodies. Among those receiving nonleukoreduced blood, 55% developed Class I HLA antibodies and 51% developed Class II HLA antibodies compared with 28% (Class I) and 15% (Class II) for those receiving leukoreduced blood and 36% (Class I) and 54% (Class II) for those receiving UV‐treated blood. Among alloimmunized subjects, leukoreduction resulted in a significant twofold reduction in the magnitude of Class I HLA antibodies, and UV treatment resulted in a significant threefold reduction in the magnitude of Class II HLA antibodies. Both treatments resulted in shorter persistence of Class I HLA antibodies.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that leukoreduction and UV treatment of blood products results not only in a reduction in the incidence of HLA antibody production, but also in lower and more transient HLA antibody levels among sensitized transfusion recipients.
Preclinical safety evaluation of human platelets treated with antimicrobial peptides in severe combined immunodeficient mice
Authors: Bosch‐Marcé Marta , Mohan Ketha V.K. , Gelderman Monique P. , Ryan Patricia L. , Russek‐Cohen Estelle , Atreya Chintamani D. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundBacterial sepsis is a complication attributed to room temperature (RT)‐stored platelets (PLTs) in transfusion medicine. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as new therapeutic agents against microbes. We had previously demonstrated bactericidal activity of select synthetic AMPs against six types of bacteria in stored PLTs. In this report, we tested these AMPs for their potential antibody response and interference with the recovery and survival of human PLTs in an animal model.Study Design and MethodsTwo separate studies were conducted to evaluate the safety of the synthetic AMPs. 1) Two AMPs (PD3 and PD4), derived from thrombin‐induced human PLT microbicidal protein, and four repeats of arginine‐tryptophan (RW), containing two to five repeats (RW2‐RW5), were tested in rabbits for potential antibody response. 2) RT‐stored human PLTs treated for 2 hours with each of the six AMPs individually or with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) alone were infused into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice to evaluate their in vivo recovery and survival by flow cytometry.ResultsExcept for PD3, which showed a weak immune response, all other peptides did not induce any detectable antibodies in rabbits. Furthermore, all six AMPs tested did not significantly affect the in vivo recovery and survival of human PLTs in SCID mice compared to PBS alone–treated PLTs.ConclusionPreclinical evaluation studies reported here demonstrate that the selected AMPs used in the study did not adversely affect the human PLT recovery and survival in the SCID mouse model, suggesting further study of AMPs toward addressing the bacterial contamination of PLTs.
Successful cord blood transplantation after repeated transfusions of unmobilized neutrophils in addition to antifungal treatment in an infant with chronic granulomatous disease complicated by invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Shigemura Tomonari , Nakazawa Yozo , Yoshikawa Kentaro , Hirabayashi Koichi , Saito Shoji , Kobayashi Norimoto , Sakashita Kazuo , Shiohara Masaaki , Wada Taizo , Shimodaira Shigetaka , Agematsu Kazunaga , Koike Kenichi 
Published: July 2013

Background:Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited primary immunodeficiency that affects phagocytic cells. CGD patients are susceptible to fungal infections, especially Aspergillus infections. The management of life‐threatening Aspergillus infections in CGD is particularly difficult because some infections cannot be eradicated with standard antifungal treatments and, hence, result in death.Case Report:A 2‐week‐old girl developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, which rapidly progressed to respiratory failure. Liposomal amphotericin B, micafungin, and voriconazole were not effective. At the age of 2 months, she was diagnosed with p67phox‐deficient CGD. In addition to antifungal treatment, the patient received 21 granulocyte transfusions (GTX), which were obtained from 300‐ or 400‐mL whole blood samples from healthy random donors who were not treated with granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor or dexamethasone. The median neutrophil count of the GTX was 1.88 × 108/kg body weight. Rituximab was administered to reduce alloimmunization to human leukocyte antigens (HLA) after the eighth GTX, resulting in their absence of anti‐HLA before and after cord blood transplantation (CBT). A marked improvement in her invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was achieved, although the first CBT was rejected. Complete hematopoietic recovery was obtained after the second CBT.Conclusion:Repeated GTX containing relatively low doses of neutrophils might be able to control severe Aspergillus infections in infants with CGD.