bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Open and Shut Case of Closed Questions: An Exploration of Joint Investigative Interview Training in Scotland
Authors: Goetzold Susanne 
Published: July 2015

Children in Scotland who are subject to child protection interviews should be interviewed jointly by specially trained police officers and social workers who have attended training based on a national curriculum. This study, which was conducted in two Strands, explores the effectiveness of the training, focusing specifically on the free narrative phase of the interview. Strand A explores respondents' self‐evaluation, obtained through semi‐structured interviews with 16 participants, while Strand B comprises an analysis of 21 role‐play interviews. The findings show a considerable discrepancy between perceived practitioner confidence in ability and actual skill levels observed in role‐plays, where interviewers showed a persistent overuse of specific and closed questions, while neglecting the use of open prompts and open questions to encourage free narrative. The study concludes that the national curriculum is not as effective in preparing participants for the free narrative phase of the interview as perceived by participants. Possible reasons are explored. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘A considerable discrepancy between perceived practitioner confidence in ability and actual skill levels’Key Practitioner Messages

Child protection interview staff were confident in their ability to conduct a free narrative phase in line with Scottish Government guidance.
The curriculum for joint investigative interview training in Scotland appears to be based on an overly optimistic view of baseline skills amongst police officers and social workers.
Greater attention may need to be given to ongoing support for both police officers and social workers involved in joint investigative interviews.
‘Greater attention may need to be given to ongoing support for both police officers and social workers’
Flexible Fiber Supercapacitor Using Biowaste‐Derived Porous Carbon
Authors: Senthilkumar S. T. , Selvan R. Kalai 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Dr. S. T. Senthilkumar and Dr. R. Kalai Selvan, Bharathiar University (Tamil Nadu, India). The image shows the conversion of dead leaves into porous carbons and their application in a fiber supercapacitor for wearable electronics. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201500090.
Synthesis of Nanoporous Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 Composites for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion‐Battery Anodes
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Zhongyi , Xiao Xingcheng , Liu Dawei 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis work reports the synthesis of Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 nanoporous composites through an effective, inexpensive, and easily scalable approach. The as‐synthesized products were calcined under a nitrogen atmosphere at 700, 750, or 800 °C. When used as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, the 750 °C nitrogen‐treated Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 sample showed significantly improved capacity as well as good rate capability and cycling stability compared with other samples. It delivered capacities of 220 and 213 mAh g−1 at a current density of 30 mA g−1 when tested at room temperature and 55 °C, respectively. It still had capacities of 184 and 197 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles, which was noticeably higher than the known theoretical capacity of pure Li4Ti5O12 (175 mAh g−1). The excellent electrochemical performance of the nitrogen‐treated nanoporous composites could be attributed to the improved morphology, dual phase crystal structure, and the presence of surface defects from nitrogen treatment.
Recognition of Artificial Nucleobases by E. coli Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase versus its Ser90Ala Mutant in the Synthesis of Base‐Modified Nucleosides
Authors: Fateev Ilja V. , Kharitonova Maria I. , Antonov Konstantin V. , Konstantinova Irina D. , Stepanenko Vasily N. , Esipov Roman S. , Seela Frank , Temburnikar Kartik W. , Seley‐Radtke Katherine L. , Stepchenko Vladimir A. , Sokolov Yuri A. , Miroshnikov Anatoly I. , Mikhailopulo Igor A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA wide range of natural purine analogues was used as probe to assess the mechanism of recognition by the wild‐type (WT) E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) versus its Ser90Ala mutant. The results were analyzed from viewpoint of the role of the Ser90 residue and the structural features of the bases. It was found that the Ser90 residue of the PNP 1) plays an important role in the binding and activation of 8‐aza‐7‐deazapurines in the synthesis of their nucleosides, 2) participates in the binding of α‐D‐pentofuranose‐1‐phosphates at the catalytic site of the PNP, and 3) catalyzes the dephosphorylation of intermediary formed 2‐deoxy‐α‐D‐ribofuranose‐1‐phosphate in the trans‐2‐deoxyribosylation reaction. 5‐Aza‐7‐deazaguanine manifested excellent substrate activity for both enzymes, 8‐amino‐7‐thiaguanine and 2‐aminobenzothiazole showed no substrate activity for both enzymes. On the contrary, the 2‐amino derivatives of benzimidazole and benzoxazole are substrates and are converted into the N1‐ and unusual N2‐glycosides, respectively. 9‐Deaza‐5‐iodoxanthine showed moderate inhibitory activity of the WT E. coli PNP, whereas 9‐deazaxanthine and its 2′‐deoxyriboside are weak inhibitors.
On Structural Features Necessary for Near‐IR‐Light Photocatalysts
Authors: Wang Gang , Huang Baibiao , Li Zhujie , Wang Zeyan , Qin Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaoyang , Dai Ying , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn the search for photocatalysts that can directly utilize near‐IR (NIR) light, we investigated three oxides Cu3(OH)4SO4 (antlerite), Cu4(OH)6SO4, and Cu2(OH)3Cl by photodecomposing 2,4‐dichlorophenol over them under NIR irradiation and by comparing their electronic structures with that of the known NIR photocatalyst Cu2(OH)PO4. Both Cu3(OH)4SO4 and Cu4(OH)6SO4 are NIR photocatalysts, but Cu2(OH)3Cl is not. Thus, in addition to the presence of two different CuOm and Cu′On polyhedra linked with CuOCu′ bridges, the presence of acceptor groups (e.g., SO4, PO4) linked to the metal oxygen polyhedra is necessary for NIR photocatalysts.
Designing Molecular Printboards: A Photolithographic Platform for Recodable Surfaces
Authors: Abt Doris , Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J. , Pop‐Georgievski Ognen , Quick Alexander S. , Danilov Denis , Kostina Nina Yu. , Bruns Michael , Wenzel Wolfgang , Wegener Martin , Rodriguez‐Emmenegger Cesar , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA light induced strategy for the design of β‐cyclodextrin (CD) based supramolecular devices is introduced, presenting a novel tool to fabricate multifunctional biointerfaces. Precision photolithography of a modified β‐CD was established on a light sensitive tetrazole surface immobilized on a bioinspired polydopamine (PDA) anchor layer via various shadow masks, as well as via direct laser writing (DLW), in order to craft any desired printboard design. Interfacial molecular recognition provided by light generated cavitate domains was demonstrated via spatially resolved encoding, erasing, and recoding of distinct supramolecular guest patterns. Thus, the light directed shaping of receptor monolayers introduces a powerful path to control supramolecular assemblies on various surfaces.
Cerium(IV) Hexanuclear Clusters from Cerium(III) Precursors: Molecular Models for Oxidative Growth of Ceria Nanoparticles
Authors: Mathey Laurent , Paul Mitali , Copéret Christophe , Tsurugi Hayato , Mashima Kazushi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractReactions of cerium(III) nitrate, Ce(NO3)3⋅6 H2O, with different carboxylic acids, such as pivalic acid, benzoic acid, and 4‐methoxybenzoic acid, in the presence of a tridentate N,N,N‐donor ligand, diethylenetriamine (L1), under aerobic conditions yielded the corresponding cerium hexamers Ce6O8(O2CtBu)8(L1)4 (1), Ce6O8(O2CC6H5)8(L1)4 (2), and Ce6O8(O2CC6H4‐4‐OCH3)8(L1)4 (3). Hexamers 1, 2, and 3 contain the same octahedral CeIV6O8 core, in which all interstitial oxygen atoms are connected by μ3‐oxo bridging ligands. In contrast, treatment of the CeIV precursor (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 (CAN) with pivalic acid and the ligand L1 under the same conditions afforded Ce6O4(OH)4(O2CtBu)12(L1)2 (4), exhibiting a deformed octahedral CeIV6O4(OH)4 core containing μ3‐oxo and μ3‐hydroxo moieties in defined positions. In contrast to the formation of 1–3, the use of N‐methyldiethanolamine (L) in the reaction with Ce(NO3)3⋅6 H2O and pivalic acid afforded a previously reported CeIII dinuclear cluster, Ce2(O2CtBu)6L2, even in the presence of dioxygen. ESI‐MS analysis of the reaction mixture clearly indicated the importance of the ligand L1 in promoting oxidation of the CeIII aggregates, [Cen(O2CtBu)3n(L1)2], which is necessary for the formation of CeIV hexamers.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Iridium Catalyzed Carbonyl (α‐Cyclopropyl)allylation via Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Tsutsumi Ryosuke , Hong Suckchang , Krische Michael J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe first examples of diastereo‐ and enantioselective carbonyl α‐(cyclopropyl)allylation are reported. Under the conditions of iridium catalyzed transfer hydrogenation using the chiral precatalyst (R)‐Ir‐I modified by SEGPHOS, carbonyl α‐(cyclopropyl)allylation may be achieved with equal facility from alcohol or aldehyde oxidation levels. This methodology provides a conduit to hitherto inaccessible inaccessible enantiomerically enriched cyclopropane‐containing architectures.
Involucratustones A–C: Unprecedented Sesquiterpene Dimers Containing Multiple Contiguous Quaternary Carbons from Stahlianthus involucratus
Authors: Li Qiang‐Ming , Luo Jian‐Guang , Zhang Yang‐Mei , Li Zhong‐Rui , Wang Xiao‐Bing , Yang Ming‐Hua , Luo Jun , Sun Hong‐Bin , Chen Yi‐Jun , Kong Ling‐Yi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractInvolucratustones A–C (1–3), three cadinane dimers containing multiple contiguous quaternary carbons, were isolated from the rhizomes of Stahlianthus involucratus. Their structures were determined by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, chemical conversion, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 are rearranged homodimers of cadinane sesquiterpene fused with a unique fully substituted 1‐oxaspiro[4.4]nonane core observed for the first time in natural products, and 3 is a novel 3′,4′‐seco‐cadinane‐dimer. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potent cytotoxic activities, and 3 showed notable anti‐inflammatory effect.
Manipulating the Coffee‐Ring Effect: Interactions at Work
Authors: Anyfantakis Manos , Baigl Damien 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe evaporation of a drop of colloidal suspension pinned on a substrate usually results in a ring of particles accumulated at the periphery of the initial drop. Intense research has been devoted to understanding, suppressing and ultimately controlling this so‐called coffee‐ring effect (CRE). Although the crucial role of flow patterns in the CRE has been thoroughly investigated, the effect of interactions on this phenomenon has been largely neglected. This Concept paper reviews recent works in this field and shows that the interactions of colloids with (and at) liquid–solid and liquid–gas interfaces as well as bulk particle–particle interactions drastically affect the morphology of the deposit. General rules are established to control the CRE by tuning these interactions, and guidelines for the rational physicochemical formulation of colloidal suspensions capable of depositing particles in desirable patterns are provided. This opens perspectives for the reliable control of the CRE in real‐world formulations and creates new paradigms for flexible particle patterning at all kinds of interfaces as well for the exploitation of the CRE as a robust and inexpensive diagnostic tool.
Mechanochemically Reduced SiO2 by Ti Incorporation as Lithium Storage Materials
Authors: Kim Kyungbae , Moon Janghyuk , Lee Jaewoo , Yu Ji‐Sang , Cho Maenghyo , Cho Kyeongjae , Park Min‐Sik , Kim Jae‐Hun , Kim Young‐Jun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study presents a simple and effective method of reducing amorphous silica (a‐SiO2) with Ti metal through high‐energy mechanical milling for improving its reactivity when used as an anode material in lithium‐ion batteries. Through thermodynamic calculations, it is determined that Ti metal can easily take oxygen atoms from a‐SiO2 by forming a thermodynamically stable SiO2−x/TiOx composite, meaning that electrochemically inactive a‐SiO2 is partially reduced by the addition of Ti metal powder during milling. This mechanically reduced SiO2−x/TiOx composite anode exhibits a greatly improved electrochemical reactivity, with a reversible capacity of more than 700 mAh g−1 and excellent cycle performance over 100 cycles. Furthermore, an enhancement in the mechanical and thermal stability of the composite during cycling can be mainly attributed to the in situ formation of the SiO2−x/TiOx phase. These findings provide new insight into the rational design of robust, high‐capacity, Si‐based anode materials, as well as their reaction mechanism.
Assessment and prevalence of pulmonary oedema in contemporary acute heart failure trials: a systematic review
Authors: Platz Elke , Jhund Pardeep S. , Campbell Ross T. , McMurray John J. 
Published: July 2015

AimsPulmonary oedema is a common and important finding in acute heart failure (AHF). We conducted a systematic review to describe the methods used to assess pulmonary oedema in recent randomized AHF trials and report its prevalence in these trials.Methods and resultsOf 23 AHF trials published between 2002 and 2013, six were excluded because they were very small or not randomized, or missing full‐length publications. Of the remaining 17 (n = 200–7141) trials, six enrolled patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HF‐REF) and 11, patients with both HF‐REF and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HF‐PEF). Pulmonary oedema was an essential inclusion criterion, in most trials, based upon findings on physical examination (‘rales’), radiographic criteria (‘signs of congestion’), or both. The prevalence of pulmonary oedema in HF‐REF trials ranged from 75% to 83% and in combined HF‐REF and HF‐PEF trials from 51% to 100%. Five trials did not report the prevalence or extent of pulmonary oedema assessed by either clinical examination or chest x‐ray. Improvement of pulmonary congestion with treatment was inconsistently reported and commonly grouped with other signs of congestion into a score. One trial suggested that patients with rales over >2/3 of the lung fields on admission were at higher risk of adverse outcomes than those without.ConclusionAlthough pulmonary oedema is a common finding in AHF, represents a therapeutic target, and may be of prognostic importance, recent trials used inconsistent criteria to define it, and did not consistently report its severity at baseline or its response to treatment. Consistent and ideally quantitative, methods for the assessment of pulmonary oedema in AHF trials are needed.
Borosulfates Cs2B2S3O13, Rb4B2S4O17, and A3HB4S2O14 (A = Rb, Cs) – Crystalline Approximants for Vitreous B2O3?
Authors: Daub Michael , Hillebrecht Harald 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNew borosulfates were obtained by reaction of B2O3 in oleum or concentrated H2SO4 at temperatures between 300 and 360 °C. They are the first examples of borosulfates with directly connected boron polyhedra, that is, ditetrahedral B2O7 or layers of trigonal‐planar BO3 units. Cs2B2S3O13 [P21/c, Z = 4, a = 14.765(3), b = 6.710(1), c = 12.528(3) Å, β = 104.60(3)°] contains layers of corner‐sharing BO4 and SO4 tetrahedra. The BO4 tetrahedra form dimers. SO4 tetrahedra connect four B2O7 dimers to rings containing 10 tetrahedra, which are condensed to a layer. A third SO4 tetrahedron connects two BO4 tetrahedra of the B2O7 unit. The layers are stacked in the [100] direction. One Cs+ cation is located within the layer of tetrahedra, the second one between the layers. In Rb4B2S4O17 or Rb4[B2O(SO4)4] [Pnna, Z = 4, a = 8.0415(9), b = 10.6466(11), c = 20.425(2) Å], there are isolated [B2O(SO4)4] units which consist of a central B2O7 unit. Besides one B–O–B bridge, two SO4 tetrahedra connect the BO4 tetrahedra. Additionally, each BO4 tetrahedron has a terminal SO4 unit. In the structure of A3HB4S2O14 or A3H(SO4)2(B2O3)2 [P63/m, Z = 2, A = Cs: a = 6.5648(2), c = 19.5669(5) Å; A = Rb: a = 6.502(6), c = 19.023(14) Å], the SO4 tetrahedra are isolated. Boron forms planar layers of corner‐sharing trigonal‐planar BO3 units. There are two different types of BO3 units in a ratio of 3:1. The first type forms six‐membered boroxol rings, B3O3, which are connected to the layers by the second type of BO3 units. The layers are separated by isolated SO42– tetrahedra and Cs+ cations. The “missing” proton could not be localized but was assumed to achieve electroneutrality and was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. Planar layers of B2O3 with trigonal‐planar BO3 units and boroxol rings are supposed to exist as structure elements in vitreous boron oxide.
Total Synthesis of Solandelactones A and B
Authors: Eichenauer Nils C. , Nordschild Anja C. M. , Bischop Martina , Schumacher Dominik , Mackwitz Marcel K. W. , Tschersich Roxanne , Wilhelm Thorsten , Pietruszka Jörg 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe total synthesis of solandelactones A and B is presented. The eastern cyclopropyl moiety was prepared following an exceptionally short chemoenzymatic approach whereas enantioselective synthesis of the western side‐chain relied on the application of diastereomerically pure allyl boronates. The natural products solandelactones A and B were isolated in good overall yields following convergence of each eastern and western element by application of the Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction.
Synthesis of 3‐Organoseleno‐Substituted Quinolines through Cyclization of 2‐­Amino­phenylprop‐1‐yn‐3‐ols Promoted by Iron(III) Chloride with Diorganyl Diselenides
Authors: Stein André Luiz , Rosário Alisson Rodrigues , Zeni Gilson 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe have described the application of iron(III) chloride and diorganyl diselenides as cooperative partners in the cyclization of (2‐aminoaryl)‐2‐ynols for the regioselective synthesis of 3‐organoseleno quinolines. The optimized reaction conditions were applied to (2‐aminoaryl)‐2‐ynols that contain a wide range of functional groups, including electron‐rich and electron‐poor substituents. The reaction showed regioselectivity for six‐membered quinoline products, which were formed by a 6‐endo‐dig ring closure, instead of a 5‐exo‐dig process for the formation of indole products. In addition, we also found that (2‐aminoaryl)‐2‐ynols and a catalytic amount of iron(III) chloride, in the absence of diorganyl diselenides, afforded the corresponding quinoline derivatives without the organoseleno moiety at the 3‐position.
The structural, geometric and volumetric changes of a polythermal Arctic glacier during a surge cycle: Comfortlessbreen, Svalbard
Authors: King Owen , Hambrey Michael J. , Irvine‐Fynn Tristram D. L. , Holt Tom O. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVarious parameters of the most recent surge of the polythermal glacier Comfortlessbreen in northwest Svalbard, have been assessed through a combination of remote sensing and ground observations. Analysis of a digital elevation model time‐series shows a marked change in the geometry of the glacier from quiescence (1990 and earlier) into the late surge phase (2009). The transfer of 0.74 km3 of ice caused up to 80 m of surface drawdown in the reservoir area, above the equilibrium line, whilst ice built up in a spatially concentrated manner in the receiving zone, below the equilibrium line. A ramp of ice, c. 100 m above quiescent level, developed in the lower reaches of the glacier late in the surge. Also in the lower reaches of the glacier, structures attributable to the passage of a kinematic wave are identified and the migration of a surge front on the glacier is thus inferred. In a conceptual model, we consider that a bend in the valley, in which the glacier resides, and convergence with tributary glaciers, to be significant factors in the style of surge evolution. Their flow‐restrictive interference results in slow initial mass‐transfer and the growth of a surge front within 3–4 km of the terminus. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wakeful rest promotes the integration of spatial memories into accurate cognitive maps
Authors: Craig Michael , Dewar Michaela , Harris Mathew A. , Della Sala Sergio , Wolbers Thomas 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTFlexible spatial navigation, e.g. the ability to take novel shortcuts, is contingent upon accurate mental representations of environments‐cognitive maps. These cognitive maps critically depend on hippocampal place cells. In rodents, place cells replay recently travelled routes, especially during periods of behavioural inactivity (sleep/wakeful rest). This neural replay is hypothesised to promote not only the consolidation of specific experiences, but also their wider integration, e.g. into accurate cognitive maps. In humans, rest promotes the consolidation of specific experiences, but the effect of rest on the wider integration of memories remained unknown. In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that cognitive map formation is supported by rest‐related integration of new spatial memories. We predicted that if wakeful rest supports cognitive map formation, then rest should enhance knowledge of overarching spatial relations that were never experienced directly during recent navigation. Forty young participants learned a route through a virtual environment before either resting wakefully or engaging in an unrelated perceptual task for 10 min. Participants in the wakeful rest condition performed more accurately in a delayed cognitive map test, requiring the pointing to landmarks from a range of locations. Importantly, the benefit of rest could not be explained by active rehearsal, but can be attributed to the promotion of consolidation‐related activity. These findings (i) resonate with the demonstration of hippocampal replay in rodents, and (ii) provide the first evidence that wakeful rest can improve the integration of new spatial memories in humans, a function that has, hitherto, been associated with sleep. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is groundwater response timing in a pre‐alpine catchment controlled more by topography or by rainfall?
Authors: Rinderer Michael , van Meerveld Ilja , Stähli Manfred , Seibert Jan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGroundwater levels in steep headwater catchments typically respond quickly to rainfall, but the timing of the response may vary spatially across the catchment. In this study, we investigated the topographic controls and the effects of rainfall and antecedent conditions on the groundwater response timing for 51 groundwater monitoring sites in a 20‐ha pre‐alpine catchment with low permeability soils. The median time to rise and median duration of recession for the 133 rainfall events were highly correlated to the topographic characteristics of the site and its upslope contributing area. The median time to rise depended more on the topographic characteristics than on the rainfall characteristics or antecedent soil wetness conditions. The median time to rise decreased with Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) for sites with TWI < 6 and was almost constant for sites with a higher TWI. The slope of this relation was a function of rainfall intensity. The rainfall threshold for groundwater initiation was also a function of TWI and allowed extrapolation of point measurements to the catchment scale. The median lag time between the rainfall centroid and the groundwater peak was 75 min. The groundwater level peaked before peak streamflow at the catchment outlet for half of the groundwater monitoring sites, but only by 15 to 25 min. The stronger correlations between topographic indices and groundwater response timing in this study compared to previous studies suggest that surface topography affects the groundwater response timing in catchments with low permeability soils more than in catchments with more transmissive soils. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.