bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urethral Diverticulum in Young Nulliparous with Unusual Presentation
Authors: LU Buo‐Jia , PUE Leng Boi , WU Pei‐Ying , LO Tsia‐Shu 
Published: August 2013

CaseWe highlight a case of chronic skenitis leading to the formation of Urethral diverticulum. A young nulliparous woman presented with dysuria, intermittent hematuria and a 3 cm cystic swelling adjacent to the left distal urethra. Aspiration of the cyst was done initially. Excisional biopsy was followed when it recurred. Urethral diverticulum was revealed when the excisional operation traced up to left distal urethral wall. The cystic swelling urethral diverticulum was completely enucleated.OutcomeThe pathology report showed fibrous tissue with cystic spaces lined by squamous epithelium with inflammation, which was consistent with a urethral diverticulum.ConclusionThe presenting symptoms and signs of female urethral diverticulum are often diverse and easily overlooked, we have to keep in mind that cases with unusual age, location and presentation can also exist.
Long‐term stasis and short‐term divergence in the phenotypes of microsnails on oceanic islands
Authors: Wada Shinichiro , Kameda Yuichi , Chiba Satoshi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPhenotypic divergence is often unrelated to genotypic divergence. An extreme example is rapid phenotypic differentiation despite genetic similarity. Another extreme is morphological stasis despite substantial genetic divergence. These opposite patterns have been viewed as reflecting opposite properties of the lineages. In this study, phenotypic radiation accompanied by both rapid divergence and long‐term conservatism is documented in the inferred molecular phylogeny of the micro land snailsCavernacmella(Assimineidae) on theOgasawaraIslands. The populations ofCavernacmellaon theSekimon limestone outcrop ofHahajimaIsland showed marked divergence in shell morphology. Within this area, one lineage diversified into types with elongated turret shells, conical shells and flat disc‐like shells without substantial genetic differentiation. Additionally, a co‐occurring species with these types developed a much larger shell size. Moreover, a lineage adapted to live inside caves in this area. In contrast, populations in the other areas exhibited no morphological differences despite high genetic divergence among populations. Accordingly, the phenotypic evolution ofCavernacmellainOgasawara is characterized by a pattern of long‐term stasis and periodic bursts of change. This pattern suggests that even lineages with phenotypic conservatism could shift to an alternative state allowing rapid phenotypic divergence.
Shaping and Remodeling of the Fetoplacental Circulation: Aspects of Health and Disease
Authors: Haas Tara L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractExtensive vascular adaptations occur during pregnancy, and these result in the formation of a low‐resistance placental circulation that maintains high blood flow to the developing fetus. These adaptations encompass both functional and structural alterations, including altered vasoreactivity of resistance vessels, arterial remodeling and angiogenesis. This Special Topics issue presents a collection of expert reviews that summarize the current state of knowledge on the regulation of the structural and functional changes that occur within the fetoplacental circulation, as well as introduce emerging research questions and tools. Emphasis is placed on defining the mechanisms that underlie these physiological adaptations, as a foundation for applying this knowledge to the development of improved early detection markers and treatments for pathological conditions such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and fetal growth restriction.
Regulation of Placental Angiogenesis
Authors: Chen Dong‐bao , Zheng Jing 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAmple interest has been evoked in using placental angiogenesis as a target for the development of diagnosis tools and potential therapeutics for pregnancy complications based on the knowledge of placental angiogenesis in normal and aberrant pregnancies. Although these goals are still far from reach, one would expect that two complementary processes should be balanced for therapeutic angiogenesis to be successful in restoring a mature and functional vascular network in the placenta in any pregnancy complication: (i) pro‐angiogenic stimulation of new vessel growth and (ii) anti‐angiogenic inhibition of vessel overgrowth. As the best model of physiological angiogenesis, investigations of placental angiogenesis provide critical insights not only for better understanding of normal placental endothelial biology but also for the development of diagnosis tools for pregnancy complications. Such investigations will potentially identify novel pro‐angiogenic factors for therapeutic intervention for tissue damage in various obstetric complications or heart failure or anti‐angiogenic factors to target on cancer or vision loss in which circulation needs to be constrained. This review summarizes the genetic and molecular aspects of normal placental angiogenesis as well as the signaling mechanisms by which the dominant angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor regulates placental angiogenesis with a focus on placental endothelial cells.
Regulated DNA rearrangement during sporulation in Bacillus weihenstephanensis KBAB4
Authors: Abe Kimihiro , Yoshinari Akira , Aoyagi Takahiro , Hirota Yasunori , Iwamoto Keito , Sato Tsutomu 
Published: August 2013

SummaryTemperate phages can integrate their genomes into a specific region of a host chromosome to produce lysogens (prophage). During genome insertion, prophages may interrupt the gene coding sequence. In Bacillus subtilis, the sigma factor gene sigK is interrupted by a 48 kb prophage‐like element. sigK is a composite coding sequence from two partial genes during sporulation. For over two decades, however, no further examples of DNA element‐mediated gene reconstitution other than sigK have been identified in spore formers. Here we report that the gene for dipicolinic acid (DPA) synthetase β subunit spoVFB in B. weihenstephanensis KBAB4 is interrupted by a prophage‐like element named vfbin. DPA is synthesized in the mother cell and required for maintaining spore dormancy. We found that spoVFB was a composite coding sequence generated in the mother cell via chromosomal rearrangement that excised vfbin. Furthermore, vfbin caused excision after phage‐inducer treatment, but vfbin appeared to be defective as a prophage. We also found various spore‐forming bacteria in which sporulation‐related genes were disrupted by prophage‐like DNA elements. These results demonstrate the first example of a similar mechanism that affects a sporulation gene other than sigK and suggest that this prophage‐mediated DNA rearrangement is a common phenomenon in spore‐forming bacteria.
Nucleocapsid of Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus forms mobile particles that traffic on an actin/endoplasmic reticulum network driven by myosin XI‐K
Authors: Feng Zhike , Chen Xiaojiao , Bao Yiqun , Dong Jiahong , Zhang Zhongkai , Tao Xiaorong 
Published: August 2013

Summary

A number of viral proteins from plant viruses, other than movement proteins, have been shown to traffic intracellularly along actin filaments and to be involved in viral infection. However, there has been no report that a viral capsid protein may traffic within a cell by utilizing the actin/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network.

We used Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) as a model virus to study the cell biological properties of a nucleocapsid (N) protein.

We found that TSWV N protein was capable of forming highly motile cytoplasmic inclusions that moved along the ER and actin network. The disruption of actin filaments by latrunculin B, an actin‐depolymerizing agent, almost stopped the intracellular movement of N inclusions, whereas treatment with a microtubule‐depolymerizing reagent, oryzalin, did not. The over‐expression of a myosin XI‐K tail, functioning in a dominant‐negative manner, completely halted the movement of N inclusions. Latrunculin B treatment strongly inhibited the formation of TSWV local lesions in Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun NN and delayed systemic infection in N. benthamiana.

Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence that the capsid protein of a plant virus has the novel property of intracellular trafficking. The findings add capsid protein as a new class of viral protein that traffics on the actin/ER system.
Visual fatigue effects on vergence dynamics in asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Thiagarajan Preethi , Ciuffreda Kenneth J 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate objectively changes in vergence dynamics following intentional visual fatiguing tasks using congruent (C) and non‐congruent (NC) vergence stimulus demands.MethodsPre‐ and post‐task vergence dynamics to a 10.3° disparity stimulus were recorded objectively in 12 adult, asymptomatic individuals for both convergence and divergence. There were two fatigue‐inducing tasks: Congruent or C‐task: Subjects altered bifixation (50 cycles) between reduced Snellen charts at 2 m and at 20 cm every 3 s. Non‐congruent orNCtask: Subjects performed 50 cycles of vergence flipper (7ΔBO/BI), while bifixating a reducedSnellen chart at 40 cm. Pre‐ and post‐task mean amplitude, time constant, peak velocity, and steady‐state response variability were compared.ResultsThere was a significant increase in mean post‐task, steady‐state response variability for both the C andNCtasks. However, there were no significant group differences for either convergence or divergence between the pre‐ and post‐mean amplitude, time constant, and peak velocity parameters for both the C andNCtasks, although post‐task peak velocity was consistently reduced.ConclusionsSteady‐state vergence response variability was found to be the critical objective parameter to demonstrate significant fatigue effects in the group. Peak velocity was also consistently reduced to a small extent in theNCtask. We speculate that these fatigue effects are of a central, and not of peripheral, origin.
Young people at risk of psychosis: Their subjective experiences of monitoring and cognitive behaviour therapy in the early detection and intervention evaluation 2 trial
Authors: Byrne Rory E. , Morrison Anthony P. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo explore participants' experiences of ‘enhanced monitoring’ and cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) within a randomized controlled trial evaluating early detection and prevention of psychosis (‘early detection and intervention evaluation [EDIE] 2’).DesignSemi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of participants at the end of their involvement with the trial.MethodsTen young people were interviewed; six males and four females, with a mean age of 27.5. Nine participants identified themselves as White British and one Black British. All participants had received ‘enhanced monitoring’ during the trial, and 8 of 10 also received CBT. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis to identify central themes within and among participants' accounts.ResultsThree super‐ordinate thematic areas were identified: ‘a chance to talk’, monitoring‐specific themes, and CBT‐specific themes. The central theme (‘a chance to talk’) was drawn from across all participants' accounts and represents the most consistently valued attribute of participants' experiences of the EDIE 2 trial. Sub‐themes of this topic were identified as follows: interpersonal engagement, informality and normalization, and ‘opening up’. Sub‐themes related to monitoring include the following: clarity and reassurance, ‘a therapeutic process’, and challenges. CBT experience was most consistently conceptualized as ‘rethinking things’, and two additional CBT‐specific sub‐themes were identified: hard work and moving forward.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that for young people at risk of psychosis, a normalizing psychosocially oriented assessment and monitoring process may have benefits for many, while CBT may help to reduce the negative impact of unusual psychological experiences for both the short‐ and long term.Practitioner points

Young people considered at risk of psychosis highly value normalizing, collaborative, and flexible approaches when engaging with research or clinical staff.

All of our participants highlighted the primary value of their engagement with staff members as having a ‘chance to talk’ about their experiences and difficulties.

CBT seems to be widely acceptable among ‘at‐risk’ participants, though further research is required to establish the ‘key ingredients’ of effective CBT for ‘at‐risk’ individuals.

Valued CBT‐related outcomes highlighted by participants included improved psychosocial understanding of their difficulties, improved coping ability, and greater optimism for the future.
Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance Patterns in Pediatric Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
Authors: Braunstein Inbal , Wanat Karolyn A. , Abuabara Katrina , McGowan Karin L. , Yan Albert C. , Treat James R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHistorical resistance patterns often guide empiric antibiotic choices in staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), but little is known about the difference in susceptibility between SSSS and other childhood staphylococcal infections. A retrospective chart review of culture‐confirmed cases of SSSS seen in the inpatient dermatology consultation service at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 2005 and 2011 was performed. Most cases of SSSS at our institution are due to oxacillin‐susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, and approximately half of the cases are due to clindamycin‐resistant strains. Clindamycin and a penicillinase‐resistant penicillin are suggested as empiric treatment for SSSS until culture susceptibility data are available to guide therapy.
Friendship characteristics, psychosocial development, and adolescent identity formation
Authors: JONES RANDALL M. , VATERLAUS JOHN M. , JACKSON MARK A. , MORRILL TORREY B. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractYoung adults (n = 702; 18–23 years old) completed measures of psychosocial development, identity status, and friendship. Friendship conflict and support were related with psychosocial development, and with the identity statuses. As per Erikson's prescription, early psychosocial stages were relevant to the identity statuses. After statistically controlling for the predictive variability contributed by trust, autonomy, initiative, and industry with the identity status measures, conflict and support within friendships contributed predictive variability to identity achievement (3.2%), moratorium (2.4%), and diffusion (2.5%), but neither conflict nor support within friendships was related to foreclosure scores. Conflict within friendships was positively related with moratorium and diffusion, and support within friendships was negatively related with diffusion.
“Tell me I'm sexy . . . and otherwise valuable”: Body valuation and relationship satisfaction
Authors: MELTZER ANDREA L. , McNULTY JAMES K. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlthough extant research demonstrates that body valuation by strangers has negative implications for women, Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that body valuation by a committed male partner is positively associated with women's relationship satisfaction when that partner also values them for their nonphysical qualities, but negatively associated with women's relationship satisfaction when that partner is not committed or does not value them for their nonphysical qualities. Study 3 demonstrates that body valuation by a committed female partner is negatively associated with men's relationship satisfaction when that partner does not also value them for their nonphysical qualities but unassociated with men's satisfaction otherwise. These findings join others demonstrating that fully understanding the implications of interpersonal processes requires considering the interpersonal context.
Individual and organisational factors influencing registered nurses’ attitudes towards patient advocacy in Swedish community health care of elders
Authors: Josse‐Eklund Anna , Wilde‐Larsson Bodil , Petzäll Kerstin , Sandin‐Bojö Ann‐Kristin 
Published: August 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to describe and explore individual and organisational factors potentially influencing registered nurses’ (RNs) attitudes towards patient advocacy.Methods and SampleIn a quantitative cross‐sectional study, data were collected from 226 RNs in community health care of elders. A questionnaire was used to measure a number of factors including attitudes towards patient advocacy, nursing competence, personality traits, individual preferences regarding the quality of health care and working climate. A multiple regression analysis was performed.ResultsThe results showed that individual factors of nursing competence and individual preferences of the quality of health care, as well as organisational factors of the working climate, explained 26.2% of the variance in the RNs’ attitudes towards patient advocacy.ConclusionsAlthough the mentioned individual factors may be intertwined, the conclusion is that both individual and organisational factors influenced RNs’ attitudes towards patient advocacy. The results do not verify that nursing experience, workplace experience, educational level or personality traits influence the RNs’ attitudes towards patient advocacy. The proportion of explained variance indicates that additional factors also influence attitudes towards patient advocacy, and more research is needed to shed further light on these factors.
The phylogeny of the superfamily Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) based on the morphology of extant and extinct macropterous males
Authors: HODGSON CHRIS J. , HARDY NATE B. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCurrently, 49 families of scale insects are recognised, 33 of which are extant. Despite more than a decade of DNA sequence‐based phylogenetic studies of scales insects, little is known with confidence about relationships among scale insects families. Multiple lines of evidence support the monophyly of a group of 18 scale insect families informally referred to as the neococcoids. Among neococcoid families, published DNA sequence‐based estimates have supported Eriococcidae paraphyly with respect to Beesoniidae, Dactylopiidae, and Stictococcidae. No other neococcoid interfamily relationship has been strongly supported in a published study that includes exemplars of more than ten families. Likewise, no well‐supported relationships among the 15 extant scale insect families that are not neococcoids (usually referred to as ‘archaeococcoids’) have been published. We use a Bayesian approach to estimate the scale insect phylogeny from 162 adult male morphological characters, scored from 269 extant and 29 fossil species representing 43/49 families. The result is the most taxonomically comprehensive, most resolved and best supported estimate of phylogenetic relationships among scale insect families to date. Notable results include strong support for (i) Ortheziidae sister to Matsucoccidae, (ii) a clade comprising all scale insects except for Margarodidae s.s., Ortheziidae and Matsucoccidae, (iii) Coelostomidiidae paraphyletic with respect to Monophlebidae, (iv) Eriococcidae paraphyletic with respect to Stictococcidae and Beesoniidae, and (v) Aclerdidae sister to Coccidae. We recover strong support for a clade comprising Phenacoleachiidae, Pityococcidae, Putoidae, Steingeliidae and the neococcoids, along with a sister relationship between this clade and Coelostomidiidae + Monophlebidae. In addition, we recover strong support for Pityococcidae + Steingeliidae as sister to the neococcoids. Data from fossils were incomplete, and the inclusion of extinct taxa in the data matrix reduced support and phylogenetic structure. Nonetheless, these fossil data will be invaluable in DNA sequence‐based and total evidence estimates of phylogenetic divergence times.
Genetic polymorphism of KIR2DL4 (CD158d), a putative NK cell receptor for HLA‐G, does not influence susceptibility to asthma
Authors: Le Page M. E. L. , Goodridge J. P. , Zhang G. , Holt P. G. , Sly P. , Witt C. S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐G is upregulated on the bronchial epithelium of asthma patients and genetic polymorphism affecting expression of HLA‐G has been reported to influence susceptibility to asthma. As the NK cell receptor KIR2DL4 has been reported to induce interferon gamma (IFNγ) secretion when ligated with HLA‐G, we postulated that the 9A/10A genetic polymorphism of KIR2DL4 which influences receptor structure may influence susceptibility to asthma. KIR2DL4 genotypes were determined in two cohorts of children (n = 219 and n = 1356) in whom total serum IgE, allergen‐specific IgE, atopy, bronchial reactivity and asthma symptoms had been studied between birth and 14 years. No reproducible associations with KIR2DL4 genotype were identified, leading us to conclude that the KIR2DL4 9A/10A polymorphism has no influence on susceptibility to asthma.
Maternal mortality, birth with a health professional and distance to obstetric care in Indonesia and Bangladesh
Authors: Scott S. , Chowdhury M. E. , Pambudi E. S. , Qomariyah S. N. , Ronsmans C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between distance to a health facility, consulting a health professional and maternal mortality.MethodsRetrospective cohort study in Matlab, Bangladesh (1987–2005), to collect data on all pregnancies, births and deaths. In Java, Indonesia (2004–2005), an informant‐based approach indentified maternal deaths and a population‐based survey sampled women who survived birth. Logistic regression was used to examine the influence of distance to a health facility and uptake of a health professional on odds of dying.ResultsMaternal mortality was 320 per 100 000 births (95% CI: 290, 353) in Indonesia and 318 per 100 000 (95% CI: 272, 369) in Bangladesh. Women who lived further from health centres in both countries were less likely to have their births attended by health professionals than those who lived closer. For women who were assisted by a health professional, the odds of dying increased with increasing distance from a health centre [odds ratio per km; Indonesia: 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02–1.11), Bangladesh: 1.47 (95% CI: 1.22–1.78)]. There was no evidence for an association between distance to a health centre and maternal death for women who were not assisted by a health professional.ConclusionsEven in settings where health services are relatively close to women's homes, distance to a health facility affects maternal mortality for women giving birth with a health professional. Women may only seek professional care in an emergency and may be unable to reach timely care when living far away from a health centre.