bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo T‐cell depletion using alemtuzumab in family and unrelated donor transplantation for pediatric non‐malignant disease achieves engraftment with low incidence of graft vs. host disease
Authors: Saif M. A. , Borrill R. , Bigger B. W. , Lee H. , Logan A. , Poulton K. , Hughes S. , Turner A. J. , Bonney D. K. , Wynn R. F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn vivo T‐cell depletion, using alemtuzumab therapy prior to SCT, can reduce the incidence of GVHD. This treatment has a potential to delay immune reconstitution resulting in increased morbidity due to viral illnesses. We retrospectively analyzed data on all pediatric patients with non‐malignant disorders who received alemtuzumab‐based conditioning regimens in our center over the last 10 yr (n = 91). Our data show an OS of 91.2%. The incidence of acute (grade 2–4) GVHD was 18.7% and that of chronic GVHD 5.5%. Viremia due to adenovirus, EBV and CMV was seen in 19.8%, 64.8% and 39.6% patients, respectively, with only two deaths attributed to viral infection (adenovirus). Chimerism level at three month was predictive of graft outcome. Nine patients, who had graft failure after first SCT, were salvaged with a second SCT using RIC and same donor (if available). Based on these results, we conclude that the use of in vivo T‐cell depletion is safe, achieves good chimerism and does not lead to increased morbidity and mortality due to viral infections. It is associated with a reduced incidence of chronic GVHD.
Offshore Aggregates Resources on the Northern Continental Shelf of the East China Sea
Authors: Qin Ya‐Chao , Yang Jinyu , Lan Xianhong , Zhang Zhixun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA large‐scale survey for offshore aggregates is carried out on the northern shelf of the East China Sea. Results show that most of them are directly exposed in the Yangtze Shoal and the linear sand ridges system at water depths 25–55 m and 60–120 m, respectively. The components of these deposits belong to fine aggregates in terms of the fineness modulus. The potential resources are as high as 147.8 × 1012 kg for the Yangtze Shoal yet only 36.68 × 1012 kg for the sand ridges area, respectively. A preliminary feasibility analysis suggests that the Yangtze Shoal is suitable for dredging under the present conditions of technology and economy.
Oxygen Isotopic Compositions of the Cape Ashizuri Granitoids in Southwest Japan
Authors: Ishihara Shunso , Qin Kezhang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOxygen isotopic composition was determined on representative samples of the Cape Ashizuri plutonic rocks, in order to estimate the genetic background of the biotite granite and alkaline granitoids. The biotite granite (70.1–76.1% SiO2) ranged from 8.61 to 9.30‰ δ18O and averaged as 8.9‰ δ18O (n = 3), which is much smaller than the same Miocene granitoids of the Okueyama (avg. 10.1‰) and Takakumayama (11.6‰) granitic bodies, which are associated with tin mineralization. Among the alkaline granitoids, quartz syenites also have values as low as 7.14–8.70‰, with an average of 8.0‰ (n = 3), and monzonite and gabbro vary from 6.14 to 7.86‰, with an average of 7.0‰ (n = 3). These alkaline granitoids may be lower crustal in origin. The gabbroids containing 12.5% MgO at the maximum with low Sr initial ratio, are considered to be derived from the upper mantle through the fore‐arc tectonic break‐up on the subducting slab.
Data Envelope Fitting with Constrained Polynomial Splines
Authors: Daouia Abdelaati , Noh Hohsuk , Park Byeong U. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryEstimation of support frontiers and boundaries often involves monotone and/or concave edge data smoothing. This estimation problem arises in various unrelated contexts, such as optimal cost and production assessments in econometrics and master curve prediction in the reliability programmes of nuclear reactors. Very few constrained estimators of the support boundary of a bivariate distribution have been introduced in the literature. They are based on simple envelopment techniques which often suffer from lack of precision and smoothness. Combining the edge estimation idea of Hall, Park and Stern with the quadratic spline smoothing method of He and Shi, we develop a novel constrained fit of the boundary curve which benefits from the smoothness of spline approximation and the computational efficiency of linear programmes. Using cubic splines is also feasible and more attractive under multiple shape constraints; computing the optimal spline smoother is then formulated as a second-order cone programming problem. Both constrained quadratic and cubic spline frontiers have a similar level of computational complexity to those of the unconstrained fits and inherit their asymptotic properties. The utility of this method is illustrated through applications to some real data sets and simulation evidence is also presented to show its superiority over the best-known methods.
Practices of Participation and Voluntarism among Older People in Rural Wales: Choice, Obligation and Constraints to Active Ageing
Authors: Jones Laura , Heley Jesse 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRural ageing is a significant issue for policy makers and academics, with the increasing proportion of older residents in rural areas placing heightened demands on service provision at a time of economic austerity. In this context, participation and volunteering in older age has been drawn into policy focus. Alongside broader discourses of social capital and active citizenship, the prospect of active ageing has emerged as a key component in the delivery of community‐based services under neoliberal welfare agendas. However, moves to formalise participation among the elderly are at risk of undermining everyday practices of voluntarism. Furthermore, the diversity of the older population means that the willingness and capacity of rural communities and individuals to undertake forms of voluntarism will vary considerably. These issues arise in rural Wales, where notions of participation have become intertwined with Welsh Government initiatives for community regeneration. Through empirical research, this article considers the different motivations of older people for engaging in forms of community participation, as well as constraints to these activities. In concluding, we reflect on the implications for local civil society in Wales.
Atg27 Tyrosine Sorting Motif is Important for Its Trafficking and Atg9 Localization
Authors: Segarra Verónica A. , Boettner Douglas R. , Lemmon Sandra K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDuring autophagy, the transmembrane protein Atg27 facilitates transport of the major autophagy membrane protein Atg9 to the preautophagosomal structure (PAS). To better understand the function of Atg27 and its relationship with Atg9, Atg27 trafficking and localization were examined. Atg27 localized to endosomes and the vacuolar membrane, in addition to previously described PAS, Golgi and Atg9‐positive structures. Atg27 vacuolar membrane localization was dependent on the adaptor AP‐3, which mediates direct transport from the trans‐Golgi to the vacuole. The four C‐terminal amino acids (YSAV) of Atg27 comprise a tyrosine sorting motif. Mutation of the YSAV abrogated Atg27 transport to the vacuolar membrane and affected its distribution in TGN/endosomal compartments, while PAS localization was normal. Also, in atg27(ΔYSAV) or AP‐3 mutants, accumulation of Atg9 in the vacuolar lumen was observed upon autophagy induction. Nevertheless, PAS localization of Atg9 was normal in atg27(ΔYSAV) cells. The vacuole lumen localization of Atg9 was dependent on transport through the multivesicular body, as Atg9 accumulated in the class E compartment and vacuole membrane in atg27(ΔYSAV) vps4Δ but not in ATG27 vps4Δ cells. We suggest that Atg27 has an additional role to retain Atg9 in endosomal reservoirs that can be mobilized during autophagy.
Alkaline phosphatase is a useful cytochemical marker for the diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic and monocytic leukemia in the dog
Authors: Stokol Tracy , Schaefer Deanna M. , Shuman Martha , Belcher Nicole , Dong Lynn 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundImmunophenotyping has replaced cytochemical staining as the preferred technique for classifying acute leukemia. However, some acute myeloid leukemias (AML) lack lineage‐associated markers. In our experience, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is expressed in immature canine monocytes. We hypothesized that ALP is a useful marker for monocytic AML.ObjectivesThe objective was to compare ALP expression in neoplastic cells from dogs with lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), and AML.MethodsAlkaline phosphatase results were retrieved from medical records of dogs with acute leukemia. Smears from dogs with lymphoma or leukemia were also prospectively stained for ALP activity. CLL was based on persistent lymphocytosis (10 × 109/L) and acute leukemia on ≥ 20% blasts in blood or bone marrow. ALL was classified based on positive phenotyping for T‐ or B‐lymphocyte antigens, and AML on positive phenotyping for CD11b, CD11c or CD14, or cytochemical staining for chloroacetate esterase, Sudan Black B, or myeloperoxidase.ResultsThere was no ALP activity in all 49 lymphomas and 7 CLLs. Weak ALP activity was seen in 31% of 14 ALL (all T‐ALL). ALP activity was seen in all 20 AML (P < .001 vs ALL) with strong activity in 64% (vs 25% ALL) in most neoplastic cells (median 75% vs 9% ALL, P = .020). Of AML, 80% were CD34+ (vs 39% ALL, P = .027) and 100% were MHCII− (vs 43% ALL, P = .002).ConclusionsALP activity may be useful for AML confirmation in dogs, particularly if neoplastic cells only express CD34+ on immunophenotyping.
Impact of appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy on outcome of dogs with septic peritonitis
Authors: Dickinson Amy E. , Summers Jennifer F. , Wignal Jamie , Boag Amanda K. , Keir Iain 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy influenced survival in dogs with septic peritonitis.DesignRetrospective case series (2003–2011).SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsEighty‐six dogs with cytological confirmation or positive bacterial culture of abdominal sepsis and subsequent surgical intervention.InterventionsNone.Measurement and Main ResultsForty‐nine of 86 dogs (57%) survived to hospital discharge. Thirty‐seven of 86 dogs were classified as having ‘‘abdominal infection,’’ 31/86 as ‘‘severe sepsis,’’ and the remaining 18/86 as in ‘‘septic shock.’’ Mortality was greatest in the ‘‘septic shock’’ category (94%). Empirical antimicrobial treatments were appropriate in 41/78 dogs (52.6%). Appropriateness was not associated with treatment outcome overall or when compared between sepsis severity groups. Antimicrobials had been given in the 30 days before admission in 63/86 (73.3%) dogs. Prior therapy with antimicrobials showed no association with outcome (P= 0.512) but was associated with subsequent inappropriate empirical antimicrobial selection (P= 0.031). Recent abdominal surgery was associated with subsequent inappropriate empirical antimicrobial selection (P= 0.021).ConclusionsIn this population, appropriateness of empirical antimicrobial choice was not associated with survival to discharge. Previous antimicrobial administration or abdominal surgery was associated with subsequent inappropriate empirical antimicrobial selection.
Detection of granulocyte‐reactive antibodies: a comparison of different methods
Authors: Heinzl M. W. , Schönbacher M. , Dauber E.‐M. , Panzer S. , Mayr W. R. , Körmöczi G. F. 
Published: December 2014

Background and ObjectivesGranulocyte‐reactive antibodies can cause autoimmune and neonatal immune neutropenias as well as transfusion‐related acute lung injury. The classical antibody‐detection methods granulocyte aggregation test (GAT), granulocyte immunofluorescence test (GIFT) and monoclonal antibody‐specific immobilization of granulocyte antigens (MAIGA) are time‐consuming and technically challenging. In recent years, flow cytometric white blood cell immunofluorescence test (Flow‐WIFT) and the microbeads assay LabScreen® Multi have emerged and are still subject of evaluation. These serological tests were compared on a screening and specification level.Materials and MethodsFor screening, the combination of GAT/GIFT was compared to Flow‐WIFT testing 333 samples. Positive samples were further analysed with MAIGA and LabScreen® Multi.ResultsGranulocyte aggregation test/GIFT detected 77 positive samples, Flow‐WIFT found 108 granulocyte‐reactive samples. Six Samples were only positive in GAT/GIFT, and 37 samples were only positive in Flow‐WIFT (κ = 0·682). Antibody specification with MAIGA and the microbeads assay confirmed granulocyte‐reactivity in 83 cases with 70 matching results (κ = 0·742). However, out of six detected human neutrophil antigen (HNA) reactivities only two specificities matched in both assays.ConclusionFlow‐WIFT may be a valuable addition to GIFT for granulocyte‐reactive antibody screening. MAIGA remains the most reliable laboratory method for antibody specification.
Pathogen inactivation of double‐dose buffy‐coat platelet concentrates photochemically treated with amotosalen and UVA light: preservation of in vitro function
Authors: Sandgren P. , Diedrich B. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundThe INTERCEPT Blood System for Platelets (PLT) utilizes amotosalen (S‐59) in combination with ultraviolet A (UVA) light to inactivate viruses, bacteria, protozoa and leucocytes that may contaminate PLT concentrates. However, limited data are available on the quality of INTERCEPT‐treated double‐dose (DD) buffy‐coat (BC) PLT units allowing a single treatment procedure to produce two pathogen‐inactivated PLT units for transfusion.Study Design and MethodsThe objective of this study was to evaluate potential in vitro effects of the INTERCEPT treatment on pools of 7 BCs as compared to untreated units. Functional, phenotypic and mitochondrial properties of DD BC PLTs during storage over 7 days were studied.ResultsFor some parameters measured, small yet significant differences were observed including PLT count (P < 0·05), pH, pCO2 and glucose concentration. Throughout storage, no significant differences were observed in ATP levels, ESC, HSR reactivity and CD62P expression. Similarly, no differences were observed in the expression of PAC‐1, CD42b and PECAM‐1 at any time‐points. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) determined by JC‐1‐labelling was well maintained until day 7 in all treated and untreated units (>90%). The release of sCD40L increased over time (P < 0·01) in all units but without any significant differences between treated and untreated PLTs.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that photochemical pathogen inactivation of DD‐BC PLT concentrates with the INTERCEPT Blood System had no influence on the PLT in vitro quality over the 7 day of storage. However, whether in vivo efficacy of INTERCEPT‐treated PLTs is affected may require clinical evaluation.
Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficients Over Ribbed Surfaces With Infrared Thermography
Authors: Brójo Francisco P. , Gonçalves Luís C. , Silva Pedro D. 
Published: December 2014

The scope of the present work is to characterize the heat transfer between a ribbed surface and an air flow. The convective heat transfer coefficients, the Stanton number and the Nusselt number were calculated in the Reynolds number range, 5.13 × 105 to 1.02 × 106.
The tests were performed inside a turbulent wind tunnel with one roughness height (e/Dh = 0.07). The ribs had triangular section with an attack angle of 60°.
The surface temperatures were measured using an infrared (IR) thermographic equipment, which allows the measurement of the temperature with a good spatial definition (10.24 × 10−6 m2) and a resolution of 0.1°C.
The experimental measures allowed the calculation of the convective heat transfer coefficient, the Stanton number and the Nusselt number. The results obtained suggested a flow pattern that includes both reattachment and recirculation. Low values of the dimensionless Stanton number, i.e. Stx*, are obtained at the recirculation zones and very high values of Stx* at the zones of reattachment. The reattachment is located at a dimensionless distance of 0.38 from the top of the rib. That distance seems to be independent of the Reynolds number. The local dimensionless Stanton number remains constant as the Reynolds number varies.
The convective heat transfer coefficient presents an uncertainty in the range of 3 to 6%.
Preventing Corrosion in Gas Turbine Fuel Systems
Authors: Purcell John E. 
Published: December 2014

Most failures of fuel system components, such as flow dividers and fuel pumps, are caused by the effects of corrosion. Rusting of iron and steel can jam rotating components, while surface pitting of many materials from traces of acids in the fuel can weaken parts. It can be shown that preventing fuel system corrosion can substantially increase the reliability and availability of the gas turbine.
Part of the reason that corrosion is such a problem in gas turbine liquid fuel systems is that most land based turbines operate most of the time on natural gas. This means that the liquid fuel system sits idle for most of the time. The liquid fuel almost always contains some water from sources such as condensation in the tank. Water also enters the fuel system from moisture rich combustion gases that can leak past check valves while the turbine is operating on natural gas. When the liquid fuel system is idle, this water separates from the fuel, collecting into a layer inside components. This forms an area of rust in the bottom of any unprotected component. This rust can prevent components from operating or can plug orifices and fuel nozzles downstream when the liquid fuel system is operated.
Corrosion in the fuel system can also come from traces of acid in the fuel. This usually comes about when operating on crude or residual oils with a high sulfur content. Water washing and heating of the fuel as part of the fuel treatment process may cause a chemical reaction that produces small amounts of sulfuric acid in the fuel. Over time, this acid may cause surface pitting in fuel system components. These pits can encourage and speed the formation of fatigue cracks in highly stressed parts such as shafts or bearings. These fatigue cracks will eventually cause the failure of these parts.
Two methods have been used to protect fuel system components against these corrosion problems. The first is to substitute inherently corrosion resistant materials, such as stainless steels, in place of existing materials. This is effective, but it is relatively expensive and creates lubrication and wear problems. These problems come from the poor wear characteristics of stainless steels and many other corrosion resistant materials when rubbing against other metals. Cathodic protection is the other method of protecting components against corrosion. This consists of introducing sacrificial anodes of a material, such as magnesium or zinc, that is more electrochemically active than frequently used materials such as cast iron or steel. The presence of these anodes reverses the corrosion process and makes the iron and steel parts the cathodic or protected end of the corrosion reaction. These anodes must be changed periodically since they are gradually consumed during use.
Numerical Investigation of Blade Packet Vibrations
Authors: Vorobev Iouri S. , Kanilo Serge P. , Nikulina Elena I. 
Published: December 2014

Vibrations are the great hazard for state-of-the-art gas and steam turbomachine blading. To improve the vibration behavior of the turbomachine blading, the blades are connected into packets. The influence of such connection on blading dynamics is complex, and additional investigations are required for every single structure.
In this paper, numerical vibration analyses of the blade packets are carried out using detailed three-dimensional finite element models. As such problems are complex and expensive to solve, a method, considerably reducing the cost of eigenproblem solution, is proposed. The efficiency of the technique described is achieved due to the assumption that the packeted blades are identical.
The results of the vibration analyses of the single blade and the blade packets using the technique discussed are presented. The complexity of the vibration mode shapes is shown. The numerical efficiency of the approach is analyzed.
Heat Exchanger Design and System Balance of an Air Source Heat Pump/Chiller Using Brazed Plate Heat Exchangers
Authors: Tolouee Changiz 
Published: December 2014

Air Source heat pump/chiller is used to provide chilled water for cooling and hot water for heating purposes. This is one investment for both applications with no requirement for boiler and fuel with the advantage of heat pump efficiency.
In this paper we are going to analyse both air side and water side heat exchangers used in air source heat pump/chiller with special attention and emphasis on brazed plate heat exchanger which is used in refrigerant to water side of this unit in order to achieve optimum performance in both the heat pump and chiller operations. Due to compactness of brazed plate heat exchangers it is very important to balance system volume in both operating conditions which will also be examined in this paper.
Evaporation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Refrigerant R134a in a Plate Heat Exchanger
Authors: Yan Yi-Yie , Lin Tsing-Fa , Yang Bing-Chwen 
Published: December 2014

The characteristics of evaporation heat transfer and pressure drop for refrigerant R134a flowing in a plate heat exchanger were investigated experimentally in this study. Two vertical counter flow channels were formed in the exchanger by three plates of commercialized geometry with a corrugated sine shape of a chevron angle of 60°. Upflow boiling of refrigerant R134a in one channel receives heat from the hot downflow of water in the other channel. The effects of the heat flux, mass flux, quality and pressure of R134a on the evaporation heat transfer and pressure drop were explored. The preliminary measured data for the water to water single phase convection showed that the heat transfer coefficient in the plate heat exchanger is about 9 times of that in a circular pipe at the same Reynolds number. Even at a very low Reynolds number, the present flow visualization in a plate heat exchanger with the transparent outer plate showed that the flow in the plate heat exchanger remains turbulent. Data for the pressure drop were also examined in detail. It is found that the evaporation heat transfer coefficient of R134a in the plates is quite different from that in circular pipe, particularly in the convective evaporation dominated regime at high vapor quality. Relatively intense boiling on the corrugated surface was seen from the flow visualization.
More specifically, the present data showed that both the evaporation heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop increase with the vapor quality. At a higher mass flux the pressure drop is higher for the entire range of the vapor quality but the heat transfer is only better at high quality. Raising the imposed wall heat flux was found to slightly improve the heat transfer. While at a higher system pressure the heat transfer and pressure drop are both slightly lower.