bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One Size Does Not Fit All: Improving Clinical Practice in Older Children and Adolescents With Language and Learning Disorders
Authors: Scott Cheryl M. 
Published: April 2014

PurposeIn the lead article for this clinical forum, Kamhi (2014) suggests ways that current knowledge on instructional practices in learning and language can be applied to clinical practice in language disorders. I propose that Kamhi's suggestions are in need of fine-tuning for older children and adolescents with language disorders. A one-size-fits-all approach to language intervention across a broad age range is untenable due to unique needs and capabilities of this older population.MethodThree intervention goal priorities for older students are presented with supporting research: complex (multiclausal) sentences, verb structure, and expository text. Methodologies for teaching complex sentences are discussed next, including topics of content/form balance and treatment intensity. These goals and methods are designed to assist students with language disorders in the comprehension and production of complex language they encounter in school.ConclusionGuidance for high-priority language intervention goals with older students comes from a consideration of language needs in academic settings and language weaknesses that persist in this population. Although current research offers support for these goals, less is known about methodological variables such as treatment intensity.
Approaching Early Grammatical Intervention From a Sentence-Focused Framework
Authors: Hadley Pamela A. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
In this response to Kamhi (2014), a sentence-focused framework is presented to help clinicians select treatment targets as part of a comprehensive approach to early grammatical intervention.

Method
The literature on the relationship between lexical verbs, sentence structure, and tense/agreement morphemes is reviewed, and developmental expectations are summarized for each.

Conclusion
Given that the sentence is the basic unit of grammar, the author concludes that early grammatical intervention should promote sentence development for young children at risk for language disorders. Recommendations for selecting and facilitating grammatical objectives in early childhood are provided.
What Works in Therapy: Further Thoughts on Improving Clinical Practice for Children With Language Disorders
Authors: Eisenberg Sarita 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
In this response to Kamhi (2014), the author reviewed research about what does and does not help children with language impairment (LI) to learn grammatical features and considered how that research might inform clinical practice.

Method
The author reviewed studies about therapy dose (the number of learning episodes per session) and dose frequency (how learning episodes are spaced over time) and also reviewed studies about dose form, including input characteristics and therapy strategies.

Conclusion
Although the research is limited, it offers implications for how clinicians do therapy. Children with LI need many learning episodes clustered together within sessions but spread out over time across sessions. Input must be grammatical and consistent while providing varied exemplars of the target features. Learning episodes should actively engage children in producing utterances with the target form, but only after they have had the chance to hear some utterances with that feature. The author suggests a session plan that starts with a structured activity and then incorporates the target form into an embedded activity such as storytelling.
Double modulation control scheme for a DC/DC converter applied to a battery charger
Authors: Hamed Belloumi , Férid Kourda 
Published: April 2014

In this study, a novel control scheme for controlling a self‐oscillating half‐bridge series resonant converter for DC source and secondary battery interface is proposed. This new control scheme is used to control and regulate the DC output current of the converter. The proposed control scheme has the advantages of not only wide power regulation range, but also ease of output current control. In addition, it can achieve a stable and efficient zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) in a whole load range. The control principles of the proposed method are described in detail and its validity is verified through simulated and experimental results based on a 24 V 125 Ah battery charger. The maximum charging efficiency of the proposed topology during the overall charging period exceeds 90%.
Microfluidic single-cell whole-transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Streets Aaron M. , Zhang Xiannian , Cao Chen , Pang Yuhong , Wu Xinglong , Xiong Liang , Yang Lu , Fu Yusi , Zhao Liang , Tang Fuchou , Huang Yanyi 
Published: April 2014

Significance
RNA sequencing of single cells enables measurement of biological variation in heterogeneous cellular populations and dissection of transcriptome complexity that is masked in ensemble measurements of gene expression. The low quantity of RNA in a single cell, however, hinders efficient and consistent reverse transcription and amplification of cDNA, limiting accuracy and obscuring biological variation with high technical noise. We developed a microfluidic approach to prepare cDNA from single cells for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. The microfluidic platform facilitates single-cell manipulation, minimizes contamination, and furthermore, provides improved detection sensitivity and measurement precision, which is necessary for differentiating biological variability from technical noise.
How multiplicity determines entropy and the derivation of the maximum entropy principle for complex systems
Authors: Hanel Rudolf , Thurner Stefan , Gell-Mann Murray 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceThe maximum entropy principle (MEP) states that for many statistical systems the entropy that is associated with an observed distribution function is a maximum, given that prior information is taken into account appropriately. Usually systems where the MEP applies are simple systems, such as gases and independent processes. The MEP has found thousands of practical applications. Whether a MEP holds for complex systems, where elements interact strongly and have memory and path dependence, remained unclear over the past half century. Here we prove that a MEP indeed exists for complex systems and derive the generalized entropy. We find that it belongs to the class of the recently proposed (c,d)-entropies. The practical use of the formalism is shown for a path-dependent random walk.
Production of wild-type and mutant-type human DAP12 proteins byBombyx morinucleopolyhedrovirus vector
Authors: Uemura Nozomi , Tabunoki Hiroko , Suzuki Taiki , Ishikawa Kazuhiro , Nojima Yosui , Katsuma Susumu , Sato Ryoichi , Satoh Jun-ichi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA Japanese patient with Nasu-Hakola disease was found to have a serine-to-asparagine (S39N) substitution in human DNAX-activation protein 12 (DAP12). To elucidate the functional abnormalities of mutant-type DAP12, we expressed wild-type and mutant-type recombinant DAP12 protein with Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) vector, and successfully purified the respective proteins from the hemolymph of recombinant BmNPV infected B. mori larvae.
Insulin injection restored increased insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 protein during short-term protein restriction but did not affect reduced insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I mRNA or increased triglyceride accumulation in the liver of rats
Authors: Ozaki Yori , Takeda Tomoya , Akanishi Narumi , Hakuno Fumihiko , Toyoshima Yuka , Takahashi Shin-Ichiro , Takenaka Asako 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Dietary protein restriction reduces insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I synthesis and impairs growth. Moreover, insulin secretion is impaired and hepatic insulin signaling is activated presumably through upregulation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2, which can stimulate lipogenesis thereby resulting in steatosis. In order to determine whether impaired insulin secretion is the primary cause of these changes, we injected insulin into protein-restricted rats and compensated for the reduction in insulin secretion for 1 and 7 d. Insulin infusion did not overcome the reduction in liver IGF-I mRNA nor the hepatic triglyceride accumulation. In contrast, it clearly suppressed the upregulation of hepatic IRS-2 on day 1, but not on day 7. Furthermore, insulin elimination increased IRS-2 in H4IIE-C3 cells. In summary, we found that reduced insulin secretion during protein restriction directly increased hepatic IRS-2 as a rapid response on day 1, while additional mechanisms contributed to the upregulation of IRS-2 on day 7.
Transdisciplinary graduate education in marine resource science and management
Authors: Ciannelli Lorenzo , Hunsicker Mary , Beaudreau Anne , Bailey Kevin , Crowder Larry B. , Finley Carmel , Webb Colleen , Reynolds John , Sagmiller Kay , Anderies John M. , Hawthorne David , Parrish Julia , Heppell Selina , Conway Flaxen , Chigbu Paulinus 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this article we consider the current educational needs for science and policy in marine resource management, and we propose a way to address them. The existing literature on cross-disciplinary education in response to pressing environmental problems is vast, particularly in conservation biology. However, actual changes in doctoral-level marine science programs lag behind this literature considerably. This is in part because of concerns about the time investment in cross-disciplinary education and about the job prospects offered by such programs. There is also a more fundamental divide between educational programs that focus on knowledge generation and those that focus on professional development, which can reinforce the gap in communication between scientists and marine resource managers. Ultimately, transdisciplinary graduate education programs need not only to bridge the divide between disciplines, but also between types of knowledge. Our proposed curriculum aligns well with these needs because it does not sacrifice depth for breadth, and it emphasizes collaboration and communication among diverse groups of students, in addition to development of their individual knowledge and skills.
GALEX J194419.33+491257.0: An unusually active SU UMa-type dwarf nova with a very short orbital period in the Kepler data
Authors: Kato Taichi , Osaki Yoji 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We studied a background dwarf nova of KIC 11412044 in the Kepler public data and identified it with GALEX J194419.33+491257.0. This object turned out to be a very active SU UMa-type dwarf nova that has a mean supercycle of ∼ 150 d and frequent normal outbursts with intervals of 4–10 d. The object showed a strong persistent signal of the orbital variation with a period of 0.0528164(4) d (76.06 min) and superhumps with a typical period of 0.0548 d during its superoutbursts. Most of the superoutbursts were accompanied by a precursor outburst. All these features are unusual for this very short orbital period. We succeeded in detecting an evolving stage of superhumps (stage A superhumps) and obtained a mass ratio of 0.141(2), which is unusually high for this orbital period. We suggest that the unusual outburst properties are a result of this high mass ratio. We suspect that this object is a member of the recently recognized class of cataclysmic variables (CVs) with a stripped core evolved secondary which are evolving toward AM CVn-type CVs. The present determination of the mass ratio by using stage A superhumps is the first case in such systems.
Liver Enzyme Elevations Within 3 Months of Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Likelihood of Liver Disease
Authors: Goyal Alka , Hyams Jeffery S. , Lerer Trudy , Leleiko Neal S. , Otley Anthony R. , Griffiths Anne M. , Rosh Joel R. , Cabrera Jose M. , Oliva‐Hemker Maria M. , Mack David R. , Rick James N. , Pfefferkorn Marian D. , Carvalho Ryan , Grossman Andrew B. , Hitch Meredith C. , Sudel Boris , Kappelman Michael D. , Saeed Shehzad A. , Faubion William A. , Schaefer Marc E. , Markowitz James F. , Keljo David J. ,   Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collaborative Research Group
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTBackground:Inflammatory bowel disease–associated liver diseases (IBD‐LDs) include autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and an overlap syndrome. Prospective unbiased multicenter data regarding the frequency of IBD‐LD in patients with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are lacking. We examined early alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) elevations in children diagnosed as having IBD and assessed the likelihood of IBD‐LD.Methods:Data collected from the prospective observational Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collaborative Research Group Registry enrolling children of age <16 years within 30 days of diagnosis. AIH, PSC, and overlap syndrome were diagnosed using local institutional criteria.Results:A total of 1569 subjects had liver enzymes available. Of the total, 757 had both ALT and GGT, 800 had ALT only (no GGT), and 12 had GGT only (no ALT). Overall, 29 of 1569 patients (1.8%) had IBD‐LD. IBD‐LD was diagnosed in 1 of 661 (0.15%) of patients with both ALT and GGT ≤ 50 IU/L compared with 21 of 42 (50%) of patients with both ALT and GGT > 50 (odds ratio 660, P < 0.0001). Of the 29 patients with IBD‐LD, 21 had PSC, 2 had AIH, and 6 had overlap syndrome. IBD‐LD was more common in patients with ulcerative colitis and IBD‐unclassified (indeterminate colitis) than in those with Crohn disease (4% vs 0.8%, respectively, P < 0.001).Conclusions:Elevation of both ALT and GGT within 90 days after the diagnosis of IBD is associated with a markedly increased likelihood of IBD‐LD. Both ALT and GGT levels should be measured in all of the pediatric patients newly diagnosed as having IBD.
Reporting Outcome Measures in Trials of Infant Colic
Authors: Steutel Nina F. , Benninga Marc A. , Langendam Miranda W. , de Kruijff Ineke , Tabbers Merit M. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives:Infant colic (IC), with an estimated prevalence of 5% to 25%, has a high impact on health care costs. Furthermore, reported negative sequelae are disturbed parent–infant interaction, increased susceptibility to abdominal pain, and even child abuse. Its etiology remains unknown, leading to a wide variety in interventions. We hypothesize that definitions and outcome measures in studies on IC will be heterogeneous as well. Our objective is to systematically assess how definitions and outcome measures are reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of IC.Methods:CENTRAL, Embase, and MEDLINE/PubMed were searched from inception to December 2012. English‐language systematic reviews (SRs) and RCTs concerning IC in children ages 0 to 9 months were included. Bibliographies of included SRs were searched for additional articles. Quality was assessed using the Delphi list.Results:A total of 1702 studies were found; 55 articles were included (16 SRs, 39 RCTs). In 39 trials, we found 20 different definitions for IC, 11 different definitions for improvement, 28 different interventions, and 19 different outcomes. Fifty‐one percent of the trials were of good methodological quality. All of the trials used parental diaries; only 31% stated that their instrument was validated.Conclusions:Too many different definitions and outcome measures for IC are used in RCTs. Only a minority of the trials reported parental perception as primary outcome. Uniform definitions, outcomes, and validated instruments are needed to make a comparison between intervention studies possible.
EARLY FLOWERING3 Regulates Flowering in Spring Barley by Mediating Gibberellin Production and FLOWERING LOCUS T Expression
Authors: Boden Scott A. , Weiss David , Ross John J. , Davies Noel W. , Trevaskis Ben , Chandler Peter M. , Swain Steve M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3) is a circadian clock gene that contributes to photoperiod-dependent flowering in plants, with loss-of-function mutants in barley (Hordeum vulgare), legumes, and Arabidopsis thaliana flowering early under noninductive short-day (SD) photoperiods. The barley elf3 mutant displays increased expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (FT1); however, it remains unclear whether this is the only factor responsible for the early flowering phenotype. We show that the early flowering and vegetative growth phenotypes of the barley elf3 mutant are strongly dependent on gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. Expression of the central GA biosynthesis gene, GA20oxidase2, and production of the bioactive GA, GA1, were significantly increased in elf3 leaves under SDs, relative to the wild type. Inhibition of GA biosynthesis suppressed the early flowering of elf3 under SDs independently of FT1 and was associated with altered expression of floral identity genes at the developing apex. GA is also required for normal flowering of spring barley under inductive photoperiods, with chemical and genetic attenuation of the GA biosynthesis and signaling pathways suppressing inflorescence development under long-day conditions. These findings illustrate that GA is an important floral promoting signal in barley and that ELF3 suppresses flowering under noninductive photoperiods by blocking GA production and FT1 expression.
STM/BP-Like KNOXI Is Uncoupled from ARP in the Regulation of Compound Leaf Development inMedicago truncatula
Authors: Zhou Chuanen , Han Lu , Li Guifen , Chai Maofeng , Fu Chunxiang , Cheng Xiaofei , Wen Jiangqi , Tang Yuhong , Wang Zeng-Yu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractClass I KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOXI) genes are critical for the maintenance of the shoot apical meristem. The expression domain of KNOXI is regulated by ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1/ROUGHSHEATH2/PHANTASTICA (ARP) genes, which are associated with leaf morphology. In the inverted repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) of Fabaceae, the orthologs of LEAFY (LFY) function in place of KNOXI to regulate compound leaf development. Here, we characterized loss-of-function mutants of ARP (PHAN) and SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM)- and BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP)-like KNOXI in the model IRLC legume species Medicago truncatula. The function of ARP genes is species specific. The repression of STM/BP-like KNOXI genes in leaves is not mediated by PHAN, and no suppression of PHAN by STM/BP-like KNOXI genes was observed either, indicating that STM/BP-like KNOXI genes are uncoupled from PHAN in M. truncatula. Furthermore, comparative analyses of phenotypic output in response to ectopic expression of KNOXI and the M. truncatula LFY ortholog, SINGLE LEAFLET1 (SGL1), reveal that KNOXI and SGL1 regulate parallel pathways in leaf development. We propose that SGL1 probably functions in a stage-specific manner in the regulation of the indeterminate state of developing leaves in M. truncatula.
IDL framework to integrate disparate digital library systems: a case study
Authors: Alipour-Hafezi Mehdi 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The main purpose of this article is to provide a focal framework with the aim of making integrated digital libraries in technical and content level of syntactic interoperability between digital libraries.

Design/methodology/approach
– Literature review, library research method and analytical approach were used in the first step of this research in order to design IDL framework. Then a survey of 11 Iranian digital library applications was conducted for testing the proposed framework. Finally, based on the findings, conceptual integration architecture was proposed based on the framework.

Findings
– Based on the literature a framework for integration of digital library applications in syntax level is proposed which includes four core layers: models, protocols, metadata formats, and context-based layer. Based on the findings of the survey, integration architecture is proposed which includes all the mentioned layers in the IDL framework. So as to decrease cost of installing the architecture, cloud base technology architecture introduced to be used inverse.

Originality/value
– A gap exists between research and practice in the field of integrated digital libraries. In fact this article is an attempt to cover this gap by proposing a framework that can be implemented.
Design and implementation of a weighted features model for the evaluation of archival websites
Authors: Faba Pérez Cristina , María Sanz Caballero Isabel 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of the present work was to design a comprehensive weighted features model for the specific evaluation of archival websites, and to apply it in practice to the particular population of Spain's web archives, ranking them in terms of quality based on the features they include.Design/methodology/approach– The design of the weighted features model is based on two parameters: the weight assigned to each feature according to its relevance for information retrieval from archival websites, and the archival website's degree of compliance with that feature.Findings– The results of the practical application of the model to the case of Spanish web archives showed that, contrary to prior expectation, factors which are intrinsic to the geographical region of Spain that the archive belongs to, such as economic level or degree of commitment to specific archival legislation, do not directly influence its website's quality ranking. Instead, the authors conclude that the population of archival websites presents its own particular behaviour.Originality/value– There has been a general lack of research specific to the analysis of the features of archival websites. The present work represents a certain advance in this regard in its proposal of a comprehensive weighted model of indicators for the specific evaluation of archival websites.
Critical success factors of an effective repairs and maintenance service for social housing in the UK
Authors: Tucker Matthew , Turley Martin , Holgate Sam 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the critical success factors of an effective repairs service by initially identifying what the important considerations are.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using quantitative research methods the study then examines how important each of the factors is considered from the perspective of those responsible for such services in the Northwest of England, the level of implementation throughout the region is also examined.

Findings
– Respondents felt that all 11 factors are perceived as “very” important but only nine are “always” implemented within their place of work. Sustainability and innovation are identified as the two factors that are least critical. It can also be said that although important and well implemented, the in-house skills factor does not appear to be considered as critical in comparison to the other factors.

Originality/value
– The UK housing sector is under an enormous amount of pressure to meet the needs of a growing population in extremely uncertain financial conditions. Social housing is a potential solution but providers are currently contending with reduced budgets and cuts to staffing levels together with an expectation that service levels will be maintained and value for money maximised. Repairs and maintenance of their stock is at the forefront of their challenge to meet these expectations and it is therefore vital that the service they provide is effective.