bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regularity at infinity of Hadamard manifolds with respect to some elliptic operators and applications to asymptotic Dirichlet problems
Authors: Ripoll Jaime , Telichevesky Miriam 
Published: November 2014

Let

M
M

be Hadamard manifold with sectional curvature

K

M

≤
−

k

2

K_{M}\leq -k^{2}

,

k
>
0

k>0

. Denote by

∂

∞

M

\partial _{\infty }M

the asymptotic boundary of

M
M

. We say that

M
M

satisfies the strict convexity condition (SC condition) if, given

x
∈

∂

∞

M

x\in \partial _{\infty }M

and a relatively open subset

W
⊂

∂

∞

M

W\subset \partial _{\infty }M

containing

x
x

, there exists a

C

2

C^{2}

open subset

Ω
⊂
M

\Omega \subset M

such that

x
∈
Int
⁡

(

∂

∞

Ω
)

⊂
W

x\in \operatorname *{Int}\left ( \partial _{\infty }\Omega \right ) \subset W

and

M
∖
Ω

M\setminus \Omega

is convex. We prove that the SC condition implies that

M
M

is regular at infinity relative to the operator
\[

Q

[
u
]

:=

d
i
v

(

a
(

|

∇
u

|

)

|

∇
u

|

∇
u
)

,

\mathcal {Q}\left [ u\right ] :=\mathrm {{\,div\,}}\left ( \frac {a(|\nabla u|)}{|\nabla u|}\nabla u\right ) ,

\]
subject to some conditions. It follows that under the SC condition, the Dirichlet problem for the minimal hypersurface and the

p
p

-Laplacian (

p
>
1

p>1

) equations are solvable for any prescribed continuous asymptotic boundary data. It is also proved that if

M
M

is rotationally symmetric or if

inf

B

R
+
1

K

M

≥
−

e

2
k
R

/

R

2
+
2
ϵ

,

R
≥

R

∗

,

\inf _{B_{R+1}}K_{M}\geq -e^{2kR}/R^{2+2\epsilon },\,\,R\geq R^{\ast },

for some

R

∗

R^{\ast }

and

ϵ
>
0
,

\epsilon >0,

where

B

R
+
1

B_{R+1}

is the geodesic ball with radius

R
+
1

R+1

centered at a fixed point of

M
,

M,

then

M
M

satisfies the SC condition.
Taxator-tk: precise taxonomic assignment of metagenomes by fast approximation of evolutionary neighborhoods
Authors: Dröge J. , Gregor I. , McHardy A. C. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Metagenomics characterizes microbial communities by random shotgun sequencing of DNA isolated directly from an environment of interest. An essential step in computational metagenome analysis is taxonomic sequence assignment, which allows identifying the sequenced community members and reconstructing taxonomic bins with sequence data for the individual taxa. For the massive datasets generated by next-generation sequencing technologies, this cannot be performed with de-novo phylogenetic inference methods. We describe an algorithm and the accompanying software, taxator-tk, which performs taxonomic sequence assignment by fast approximate determination of evolutionary neighbors from sequence similarities.
Results: Taxator-tk was precise in its taxonomic assignment across all ranks and taxa for a range of evolutionary distances and for short as well as for long sequences. In addition to the taxonomic binning of metagenomes, it is well suited for profiling microbial communities from metagenome samples because it identifies bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic community members without being affected by varying primer binding strengths, as in marker gene amplification, or copy number variations of marker genes across different taxa. Taxator-tk has an efficient, parallelized implementation that allows the assignment of 6 Gb of sequence data per day on a standard multiprocessor system with 10 CPU cores and microbial RefSeq as the genomic reference data.
Availability and implementation: Taxator-tk source and binary program files are publicly available at http://algbio.cs.uni-duesseldorf.de/software/.
Contact: Alice.McHardy@uni-duesseldorf.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
How can older people's mental health services in the UK respond to the escalating prevalence of alcohol misuse among older adults?
Authors: Rakshi Maureen , Wilson Ian , Burrow Simon , Holland Mark 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThere is growing statistical and research evidence to suggest that the prevalence of alcohol misuse is increasing among older adults in the UK. This has been an under‐recognised problem, but is now a source of increasing concern for health and social care providers. Older adults with mental health problems have increased vulnerability to problematic alcohol use, and this is likely to have a significant impact on older people's mental health services (OPMHS).Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses some of the problems facing OPMHS in relation to increasing alcohol misuse among services users.FindingsThere is also evidence that alcohol misuse in older adults is often poorly identified and untreated within health and social care services including OPMHS. Use of an alcohol‐screening tool as part of a health care assessment is an effective way to improve detection. This paper also reviews the use of alcohol screening tools in the detection of alcohol related illness among older adults with mental health problems and proposes a care pathway for the management of alcohol misuse in OPMHS.Originality/valueCurrent evidence indicates that the prevalence of alcohol misuse among older adults is increasing and is likely to rise further due to the reasons discussed in this paper.
Reflections on 10 years of using drug detection dogs in medium secure units
Authors: Hearn Dave 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe use of drug detection (sniffer) dogs in psychiatric settings divides opinion among clinicians and service users alike. This paper provides an overview of the use of these dogs within a Medium Secure Unit (MSU). The approach described seeks to challenge preconceptions and suggests that dog searching should be one component of a wider therapeutic approach to working with patients with co‐existing mental health and substance misuse problems.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reflects on ten years' experience of using drug detection dogs in MSUs.FindingsA model is presented to promote a more therapeutic and recovery‐orientated use of dogs. This incorporates: using readily accessible dogs; carrying out proactive, rather than reactive, searches; operating in an informal and relaxed manner; being motivated by the information gained rather than the drugs found; responding differently to suppliers/dealers and users; and aiming to build therapeutic relationships with patients.Practical implicationsA scale is presented which categorises the severity of substance misuse within a service. Drug dogs can be used therapeutically on psychiatric wards to promote a drug‐free environment, but this practice should form part of a wider strategy to promote recovery. Investment in proactive searching may produce reductions in substance misuse.Originality/valueThe paper will be of value to clinicians and service/security managers involved in the management of substance misuse on inpatient wards (particularly MSUs) where there is a drive to integrate drug detection dogs within a recovery‐oriented framework.
Dormitory management and boarding students in China's rural primary schools
Authors: Yue Ai , Shi Yaojiang , Chang Fang , Yang Chu , Wang Huan , YI Hongmei , Luo Renfu , Liu Chengfang , Zhang Linxiu , Yanjey Chu James , Rozelle Scott 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore whether an in-service life teacher training program can improve boarding students’ health, behavior, and academic performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial to measure the effect of life teacher training on student health, behavior, and academic performance among 839 boarding students in ten central primary boarding schools in Shaanxi. And the authors also tried to identify why or why not life teacher training works. Both descriptive and multivariate analysis are used in this paper.

Findings
– The authors find significant improvements in health and behavior. Specifically, compared to boarding students in control schools, 15 percent fewer students in treatment schools reported feeling cold while sleeping at night. The results also showed that student tardiness and misbehaviors after class declined significantly by 18 and 78 percent, respectively. However, the in-service life teacher training program had no measurable impact on boarding students’ BMI-for-age Z-score, number of misbehaviors in class, and academic performance. The analysis suggests that improved communication between life teachers and students might be one mechanism behind these results.

Originality/value
– This is the first empirical work which explored how to improve the welfare of boarding students via their life teachers. Because of the sudden increase in boarding students in rural China, it is almost certain that school personnel lack experience in managing boarding students. As such, one promising approach to improving student outcomes might be in-service training for life teachers.
Is Chinese or American maize price effective for trading and policy-making reference?
Authors: Yan Yunxian , Tian Lu , Zhang Yuejie 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discover an effective maize price for trading and policy-making reference by assessing the price transmission of the US spot and futures maize prices to Chinese counterparts.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors apply a systematic, quantitative method to analyze the integration between US and Chinese maize markets. Based on the residuals of the variables through error correction model, the directed acyclic graph (DAG) among six price variables is conducted. With consideration of the dependence on and direction of six price variables, the variance decomposition of each variable is calculated.

Findings
– This paper shows that the vertical price transmission passes from wholesale price to farm-gate price. The horizontal price transmission ranges from spot price to futures price at the domestic market and from the American spot price to domestic spot price, from the American spot price to domestic futures price and from the American futures price to domestic futures price. The American maize spot and futures prices, and in particular the spot price, have greater effects on domestic maize prices contemporaneously. It also indicates that the American spot price is the leader price in the long run at both maize markets.

Originality/value
– This paper contributes by using the DAG method in this paper. It also contributes by helping policy makers and market participants find the leading prices and offers insight into ways of gaining power of price setting in the maize market.
Hukou's impact on labor occupation segmentation
Authors: Song Jin , Li Shi 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to take occupation opportunity as an indicator to examine the impact of hukou on labor market segmentation in China. It estimates the scale of the impact and identifies the way of the impact. Especially, the paper takes hukou uniform reform as an example and tests whether hukou reforms helped in eliminating labor market segmentation.Design/methodology/approach– The data sets this paper adopted are the 2000 Census and 2005 Mini Census data in China. Linear model and Probit model are used in estimating hukou's impact. Oaxaca/Blinder decomposition is used in decomposing the difference in occupation distribution among hukou statuses. DID evaluation method is used in comparing the region with hukou uniform reform and the region without to capture the influence of the reform.Findings– The result shows that occupation segmentation based on hukou significantly exists in urban labor market. Hukou uniform reform improved the occupation opportunity of local rural workers but migrating rural workers were somehow crowded out. Migrating urban workers did not benefit from the reform. To conclude these, the reform released employment segmentation between rural and urban workers within the reformed region but strengthened the segmentation between the local residents and outcomers which could influence future labor source and scale in reformed area.Originality/value– The paper evaluates the hukou uniform reform's impact on the labor market using an empirical way for the first time and makes concrete policy recommendations based on these findings.
Technical efficiency and metatechnology ratios under varying resource endowment in different production systems
Authors: Mohi Uddin Mohammad , Brümmer Bernhard , Johanes Peters Kurt 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to compare technical efficiency and metatechnology ratios (MTR) in three production systems confronted with different technological and resource endowments in Bangladesh to identify the suitable production systems for increasing productivity.Design/methodology/approach– The primary data collected by authors from 180 dairy farmers were sampled and modeled in a stochastic metafrontier framework due to its ability to estimate and compare the efficiency of firms among various groups with possibly different group-specific technologies and heterogeneous production environments.Findings– The empirical results show that farms from intensive system were closer to their production frontier than extensive and traditional system. Regarding productivity differences among systems, the MTR is by far highest for intensive, indicating the technological advantage of this system over others two systems. The estimation of farm-specific inefficiency model revealed that farmers’ access to extension and credit services are assumed to be significant determinants in reducing inefficiency.Practical implications– This study concludes that the ability of the farmers to increase productivity vary depending on the production systems due to variation in resource endowments and access to various inputs and support services. Thus, improving productivity depends on effective policy design on harmonizing access to resources and delivery of extension and credit services.Originality/value– The empirical analysis of data representing different production endowments by stochastic metafrontier make it possible to identify the efficiency level as well as technology gap, thus, ways to identify the possible policy options reducing those gaps and improving productivity.
Determinants of pork demand by income class in urban western China
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Chen Yongfu , Zheng Zhihao , Si Wei 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of pork consumption in urban western China and the different consumption patterns across income strata with respect to income elasticity and price elasticity of demand.Design/methodology/approach– The double-hurdle model is fit to the household data of Sichuan and Xinjiang provinces which is from the National Bureau of Statistics urban household surveys.Findings– The paper finds that consumers’ purchasing decisions regarding pork are related to both non-economic and economic factors. The results also indicate large differences among the determinants for decision of how much pork to buy across the three income strata. Low-income households have higher income elasticity than middle-income and high-income households. High-income and middle-income households’ level of pork consumption is more sensitive to pork price. High-income households have greater cross-price elasticity.Originality/value– In the previous studies, the non-economic determinants of pork consumption have not been addressed, and neither does the issue of difference pork purchasing behavior across income strata for urban households in western China. So this study uses the double-hurdle model to investigate the determinants of pork consumption in urban western China.
Bowen's disease with features resembling myrmecia wart
Authors: Hsu Chao‐Kai , Chen Yu‐Chia , Yang Wei‐Li , Hsu Keng‐Fu , Chao Sheau‐Chiou , Lee Julia Yu‐Yun 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe report the clinical and pathological findings of two cases of Bowen's disease (BD) with features resembling myrmecia wart, and tried to find evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in such lesions by immunohistological staining, genotyping systems, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electron microscopy. Both cases manifested unique barnacle‐like hyperkeratotic nodules or plaques clinically, and microscopically proliferation of atypical keratinocytes involving the entire thickness of the epidermis, hypergranulosis with eosinophilic and/or basophilic inclusion bodies, features that mimicked myrmecia wart. Electron microscopy revealed myrmecia inclusion‐like large intranuclear and cytoplasmic electron‐dense bodies. Immunohistological staining with anti‐HPV antibody, genotyping systems for HPV infection and specific PCR designed to detect HPV‐1 L1 sequences failed to detect evidence of HPV infection. P16INK4a was overexpressed in the atypical keratinocytes of both cases. This finding suggests that the pathogenesis of these two BD may involve certain unknown or undetectable HPV, or reflect disturbances of the Rb signaling pathway unrelated to HPV infection. The unique “myrmecioid” clinicopathological features in our cases suggest that this type of lesion may be a new variant of BD.
Do pathogens limit the distributions of tropical trees across a rainfall gradient?
Authors: Spear Erin R. , Coley Phyllis D. , Kursar Thomas A. 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Organisms are adapted to particular habitats; consequently, community composition changes across environmental gradients, enhancing regional diversity. In Panama, a rainfall gradient correlates with the spatial turnover of tree species. While strong evidence suggests that tree species common in the wetter forests are excluded from the drier forests by seasonal drought, the factor(s) excluding drought‐tolerant species, common in the drier forests, from the wetter forests remain ambiguous.

Here, we show that seedlings were significantly more likely to suffer pathogen‐caused damage and mortality in the wetter forest. While seedlings of dry‐ and wet‐forest species were equally likely to suffer pathogen attack, seedlings of dry‐forest species were significantly more likely to die when attacked and tended to suffer more pathogen‐caused mortality overall. Furthermore, seedlings of dry‐forest species suffered pathogen‐caused mortality in the forest in which they do not naturally occur and in which conspecific and/or congeneric adults are absent or rare, indicating that some pathogens are relatively widespread and/or are capable of damaging multiple host species.

Synthesis. Elevated risk of pathogen‐caused damage and mortality in the wetter forests and a greater impact to host fitness from pathogen attack for seedlings of dry‐forest species suggest that pathogens may enhance regional forest diversity by contributing to changes in tree species composition via the exclusion of dry‐forest tree species from the wetter forests. This study highlights a potentially widespread and under explored mechanism by which pathogens shape plant communities at the landscape scale. An understanding of how species’ distributions are shaped by the interplay between abiotic and biotic factors is essential for conservation biology.
Retinal‐binding proteins mirror prokaryotic dynamics in multipond solar salterns
Authors: Gomariz María , Martínez‐García Manuel , Santos Fernando , Constantino Marco , Meseguer Inmaculada , Antón Josefa 
Published: November 2014

SummaryMicrobial opsin (i.e. retinal‐binding protein) dynamics has been studied along a salinity gradient in Santa Pola solar salterns (Alicante, Spain) by using culture‐independent approaches and statistical analyses. Five ponds of salinities ranging from 18% to above 40% were sampled nine times along a year. Forty‐three opsin‐like sequences were retrieved by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and clustered into 18 different phylogroups, indicating that their diversity was higher than expected according to previous data. Moreover, the statistical correlation between environmental factors controlling microbial community structure and dynamics of environmental rhodopsin proteins indicated almost identical temporal fluctuations between the opsin‐related sequences and their corresponding putative ‘producers’ in nature. Although most sequences were related to others previously detected in hypersaline environments, some pond‐specific opsins putatively belonged to previously uncharacterized hosts. Furthermore, we propose that subtle changes in the bacteriorhodopsin ‘retinal proton binding pocket’, which is key in the photocycle function, could be the molecular basis behind a fine ‘photocycle‐tuning’ mechanism to avoid inter/intraspecies light‐competition in hypersaline environments.
Ink Dating Using Thermal Desorption and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: Comparison of Results Obtained in Two Laboratories
Authors: Koenig Agnès , Bügler Jürgen , Kirsch Dieter , Köhler Fritz , Weyermann Céline 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn ink dating method based on solvent analysis was recently developed using thermal desorption followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and is currently implemented in several forensic laboratories. The main aims of this work were to implement this method in a new laboratory to evaluate whether results were comparable at three levels: (i) validation criteria, (ii) aging curves, and (iii) results interpretation. While the results were indeed comparable in terms of validation, the method proved to be very sensitive to maintenances. Moreover, the aging curves were influenced by ink composition, as well as storage conditions (particularly when the samples were not stored in “normal” room conditions). Finally, as current interpretation models showed limitations, an alternative model based on slope calculation was proposed. However, in the future, a probabilistic approach may represent a better solution to deal with ink sample inhomogeneity.
Changes of Flavor Compounds of Hydrolyzed Chicken Bone Extracts during Maillard Reaction
Authors: Sun Hong‐Mei , Wang Jin‐Zhi , Zhang Chun‐Hui , Li Xia , Xu Xiong , Dong Xian‐Bing , Hu Li , Li Chun‐Hong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFlavor quality, including non‐volatile and volatile compounds, of hydrolyzed chicken bone extracts (HCBE) during Maillard reaction (MR) was evaluated with HPLC, tasting sensory system, Electronic‐Nose (E‐nose), and GC‐MS. Results showed that flavor amino acids (AA) accounted for 72% to 74% of total free AA in HCBE. Taste of umami increased first and then decreased during MR, while equivalent umami concentration remained at a stable level. Results of taste sensing system and bitter AA showed that MR could reduce the bitter taste of HCBE significantly. E‐Nose test showed there are great changes of volatile flavor during MR. And total of 59 volatile compounds were identified in HCBE during MR, which should responsible for the increase of flavor in HCBE. Our results indicated that MR could be used as an effective way to change the flavor compounds in HCBE, and therefore provide a strategy for preparation of meaty flavor enhancer from bone residue as a byproduct of meat industry.