bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral Cyclic Trinuclear Gold(I) Complexes with a Helical Columnar Phase
Authors: Beltrán Eduardo , Barberá Joaquín , Serrano José Luis , Elduque Anabel , Giménez Raquel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCyclic trinuclear gold(I) complexes with chiral 3,5‐diarylpyrazolate ligands have been synthesized and characterized with the aim of obtaining helical columnar liquid‐crystal phases as a way to control the stacking geometry and orientation of the trigold metallacycle in the bulk phase. The compounds bear n‐decyloxy‐ and/or (S)‐3,7‐dimethyloctyloxy terminal groups in a number varying from twelve to eighteen. The compounds behave like isotropic glasses, crystalline solids, or columnar liquid crystals (of hexagonal or rectangular symmetry), with isotropization temperatures close to room temperature. In the case of the compound bearing nine n‐decyloxy‐ and nine (S)‐3,7‐dimethyloctyloxy terminal groups, a helical columnar phase is obtained that exhibits a well‐formed hexagonal bidimensional lattice made of columns that consist of molecules stacked at regular distances and mutually rotated by 40° in a helical mode. Thin films display emission bands at room temperature in the blue region of the visible spectra, regardless of the phase or the molecular structure.
Growth of Uranyl Hydroxide Nanowires and Nanotubes by the Electrodeposition Method and Their Transformation to One‐Dimensional U3O8 Nanostructures
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhao Ran , Gu Zhan‐jun , Zhao Yu‐liang , Chai Zhi‐fang , Shi Wei‐qun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractActinide nanomaterials have great potential for application in the fabrication of nuclear fuels and spent fuel reprocessing in advanced nuclear energy systems. In this work, we used track‐etched nanoporous membranes as hard templates to synthesize uranium‐based nanomaterials with new structures by electrodeposition. Through electrochemical behavior investigations and subsequent product characterization, the chemical compositions of the deposition product has been confirmed to be uranyl hydroxide. More importantly, accurate control of the morphologies of the deposition product (i.e., nanowires and nanotubes) could be achieved by carefully adjusting the growth parameters such as deposition time and current density. The preferred morphology of the electrodeposition product was nanowires when a low current density was applied, whereas nanotubes could be formed only when a high current density and a short deposition time were both applied. The formation of nanotubes is attributed to the hydrogen bubbles generated by water electrolysis under the overpotential electroreduction conditions. Additionally, we transformed the main chemical composition of the deposition products from uranyl hydroxide to triuranium octoxide by calcination, and SEM results showed that the morphologies of the nanowires and nanotubes were very well maintained after the calcination. Our work provides a useful protocol for the synthesis of one‐dimensional uranium‐based nanomaterials.
A Chiral Pool and Cross Metathesis Based Synthesis of Gingerdiols
Authors: Wan Zhi‐Li , Zhang Guo‐Liang , Chen Hui‐Jun , Wu Yikang , Li Yan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBoth (3R,5S)‐ and (3R,5R)‐gingerdiols were synthesized. Their 1,3‐diol motifs were derived from enantiopure epoxy chiral building blocks that were readily accessible from D‐gluconolactone. The effect of deuterating the OH groups of the natural isomer on its optical rotation was also examined. In the course of the syntheses of the targets, an unexplored cross‐metathesis (CM) reaction of unprotected 5‐substituted pent‐1‐ene‐3,5‐diols was investigated, in which the CM product readily underwent an allylic epimerization and oxidation, as the starting diols rearranged into ketones with unprecedented ease. These problems were eventually resolved by performing the CM reaction in toluene in the presence of phenol. The cause of these unexpected, yet very interesting phenomena, was determined to be the presence of the unprotected OH group at C‐5 of the 5‐substituted pent‐1‐ene‐3,5‐diol. A mechanistic rationale is also presented.
Hydroxyapatite Wrapped Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Ionic Liquid Composite Electrode: A High Performance Sensor for Trace Determination of Lead Ions
Authors: Safavi Afsaneh , Sorouri Mohsen , Khanipour Peyman 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA nanocomposite consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes wrapped with hydroxyapatite (HA/MWCNTs) was used in the construction of a new composite paste electrode using an ionic liquid as the binder. The stable surface in aqueous solutions as well as the high sorptive behaviors towards heavy metal ions and the favorable charge transfer make the electrode highly efficient especially for stripping or adsorptive analysis. The analysis of Pb2+ as a model of heavy metal ions has been performed. Good sensitivity, detection limit, selectivity and reproducibility were obtained for the suggested sensor. The linear range of the electrode response covered four orders of magnitude (1 nM–10 µM), in two linear ranges. The obtained detection limit for Pb2+ was 2×10−11 M.
Optical and Electrochemical Combination Sensor with Poly‐Aniline Film Modified Gold Surface and Its Application for Dissolved Oxygen Detection
Authors: Li Meng , Liu Wei , P.Correia Jorge , Mourato Ana C. , Viana Ana S. , Jin Gang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPoly‐aniline (PAn) film can be oxidized by contacting oxygen in an electron‐transfer reaction and its redox state, for instance the open circuit potential and the dielectric constant, is quantitatively related to oxygen concentration. This feature may contribute to an improved application of dissolved oxygen (DO) detection with the combined optical and electrochemical sensor. In this paper, PAn is used as a sensing surface to detect DO by the combination sensor composed of electrochemistry and total internal reflection imaging ellipsometry (EC‐TIRIE). Results demonstrate that both optical and electrical signals show a logarithmic correlation with DO concentration (0–20 ppm). Compared with the results obtained only with the gold surface, both the optical and electrical signals of the EC‐TIRIE sensor for DO detection are amplified with the PAn modified gold surface.
Delayed transplantation of precursor cell‐derived astrocytes provides multiple benefits in a rat model of Parkinsons
Authors: Proschel Christoph , Stripay Jennifer L , Shih Chung‐Hsuan , Munger Joshua C , Noble Mark D 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn addition to dopaminergic neuron loss, it is clear that Parkinson disease includes other pathological changes, including loss of additional neuronal populations. As a means of addressing multiple pathological changes with a single therapeutically‐relevant approach, we employed delayed transplantation of a unique class of astrocytes, GDAsBMP, that are generated in vitro by directed differentiation of glial precursors. GDAsBMP produce multiple agents of interest as treatments for PD and other neurodegenerative disorders, including BDNF, GDNF, neurturin and IGF1. GDAsBMP also exhibit increased levels of antioxidant pathway components, including levels of NADPH and glutathione. Delayed GDABMP transplantation into the 6‐hydroxydopamine lesioned rat striatum restored tyrosine hydroxylase expression and promoted behavioral recovery. GDABMP transplantation also rescued pathological changes not prevented in other studies, such as the rescue of parvalbumin+ GABAergic interneurons. Consistent with expression of the synaptic modulatory proteins thrombospondin‐1 and 2 by GDAsBMP, increased expression of the synaptic protein synaptophysin was also observed. Thus, GDAsBMP offer a multimodal support cell therapy that provides multiple benefits without requiring prior genetic manipulation.
The Treatment of Perfectionism within the Eating Disorders: A Pilot Study
Authors: Goldstein Mandy , Peters Lorna , Thornton Christopher E. , Touyz Stephen W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe aim of this pilot study was to investigate the impact of the direct treatment of perfectionism on the outcome of perfectionism and eating disorder pathology. Sixty‐one participants, attending day hospital treatment, participated in a randomised controlled study, in which treatment as usual (TAU) was compared with TAU combined with a clinician‐lead cognitive behavioural treatment for perfectionism (TAU + P). Linear mixed model analysis revealed no significant interaction effects but significant main effects for time on variables measuring eating pathology and perfectionism. Outcomes supported the effectiveness of overall treatment but suggested that adding direct treatment of perfectionism did not enhance treatment. The results are discussed in relation to the existing literature on the treatment of perfectionism. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Effect of straw leachates from Cry1Ca-expressing transgenic rice on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Authors: Wang Jiamei , Chen Xiuping , Li Yunhe , Zhu Haojun , Ding Jiatong , Peng Yufa 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Because of the prevalence of algae in rice paddy fields, they will be exposed to Bacillus thurigiensis (Bt) proteins released from Bt protein-expressing genetically engineered rice. To assess the effects of leachates extracted from Cry1Ca-expressing transgenic rice (T1C-19) straw on the microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa, the authors added purified Cry1Ca (10 µg/L, 100 µg/L, and 1000 µg/L) and 5 concentrations of diluted extracts (5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%) from T1C-19 and the nontransformed control strain Minghui 63 (MH63) to the medium of C. pyrenoidosa. The authors found that the growth curves of C. pyrenoidosa treated with purified Cry1Ca overlapped with the medium control; that the order of C. pyrenoidosa growth rates for the T1C-19 leachate concentrations was 5% &gt; 10% &gt; 20% &gt; control &gt; 40% &gt; 80%, and for the MH63 concentrations the order was 5% &gt; 10% &gt; control &gt; 20% &gt; 40% &gt; 80%, but there were no statistical differences between the 20% T1C-19 or 20% MH63 leachate treatment and the medium control on day 8; and that after 7 d of culture, Cry1Ca could be detected in C. pyrenoidosa treated with different concentrations of T1C-19 leachate. The results demonstrated that Cry1Ca protein released from T1C-19 rice can be absorbed into C. pyrenoidosa but that purified Cry1Ca and leachates from T1C-19 rice have no obvious adverse effects on the growth of C. pyrenoidosa. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1156–1162. © 2014 SETAC
The effects of humic acid on the uptake and depuration of fullerene aqueous suspensions in two aquatic organisms
Authors: Chen Qiqing , Yin Daqiang , Li Jing , Hu Xialin 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

The authors investigated the uptake and depuration of fullerene aqueous suspensions (nC60) in 2 aquatic organisms: Daphnia magna and zebrafish. The effects of humic acid were examined to elucidate its possible mechanisms in the aquatic environment. The uptake was concentration-dependent in both organisms, and the maximum uptake concentration of nC60 in Daphnia (2268 ± 158 mg/kg) was approximately 1 order of magnitude higher than that in zebrafish (222 ± 30 mg/kg) because of the larger gut volume ratio to the mass of Daphnia or its high uptake efficiency. Humic acid reduced the uptake of nC60 in Daphnia and zebrafish as a result of the size effect and the polarity alternation of nC60. The depuration patterns were rapid for Daphnia and slow for zebrafish, and the differences were most likely the result of different water exchange frequencies between organisms. The remaining nC60 percentages were approximately 20% for Daphnia and 30% for zebrafish after 48-h depuration, suggesting that a large nC60 burden still existed for both aquatic organisms and that there is a need for further studies on the potential for trophic transfer. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1090–1097. © 2014 SETAC
Developing a national framework of quality indicators for public hospitals
Authors: Simou Effie , Pliatsika Paraskevi , Koutsogeorgou Eleni , Roumeliotou Anastasia 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYBackgroundThe current study describes the development of a preliminary set of quality indicators for public Greek National Health System (GNHS) hospitals, which were used in the “Health Monitoring Indicators System: Health Map” (Ygeionomikos Chartis) project, with the purpose that these quality indicators would assess the quality of all the aspects relevant to public hospital healthcare workforce and services provided.MethodsA literature review was conducted in the MEDLINE database to identify articles referring to international and national hospital quality assessment projects, together with an online search for relevant projects. Studies were included if they were published in English, from 1980 to 2010. A consensus panel took place afterwards with 40 experts in the field and tele‐voting procedure.ResultsTwenty relevant projects and their 1698 indicators were selected through the literature search, and after the consensus panel process, a list of 67 indicators were selected to be implemented for the assessment of the public hospitals categorized under six distinct dimensions: Quality, Responsiveness, Efficiency, Utilization, Timeliness, and Resources and Capacity.ConclusionData gathered and analyzed in this manner provided a novel evaluation and monitoring system for Greece, which can assist decision‐makers, healthcare professionals, and patients in Greece to retrieve relevant information, with the long‐term goal to improve quality in care in the GNHS hospital sector. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular‐Level StructureProperty Relationships in Biogenic Calcium Carbonates: The Unique Insights of Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Shir Ira Ben , Kababya Shifi , Schmidt Asher 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe biomineralization process produces materials with exceptional microscopic, morphologic, and mechanical qualities, which are finely tuned for specific functionality. This control of the properties is obtained through interactions with bioorganic and inorganic molecules that regulate the formation and/or become incorporated into the final biomineral. Although the interfacial regions comprise a minute fraction of the mineral, they are of paramount importance. Modern solid‐state NMR spectroscopy techniques enable to focus on these biomineral interfaces and defects, and to determine their molecular‐level structures; a task that is barely attainable by other methods. Biogenic calcium carbonates are highly abundant and extensively investigated. Currently, only a limited number of such systems have been studied by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. Reviewing these herein, we demonstrate the power and adequacy of NMR spectroscopy to probe biogenic systems and highlight many questions that remain open and can benefit from further application of advanced NMR spectroscopy techniques.
Precision‐guided sampling schedules for efficient T1ρ mapping
Authors: Johnson Casey P. , Thedens Daniel R. , Magnotta Vincent A. 
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo describe, assess, and implement a simple precision estimation framework for optimization of spin‐lock time (TSL) sampling schedules for quantitative T1ρ mapping using a mono‐exponential signal model.Materials and MethodsA method is described for estimating T1ρ precision, and a cost function based on the precision estimates is evaluated to determine efficient TSL sampling schedules. The validity of the framework was tested by imaging a phantom with various sampling schedules and comparing theoretical and experimental precision values. The method utility was demonstrated with in vivo T1ρ mapping of brain tissue using a similar procedure as the phantom experiment. To assist investigators, optimal sampling schedules are tabulated for various tissue types and an online calculator is implemented.ResultsTheoretical and experimental precision values followed similar trends for both the phantom and in vivo experiments. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of theoretical estimates of T1ρ map signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) was typically 5% in the phantom experiment and 33% in the in vivo demonstration. In both experiments, optimal TSL schedules yielded greater T1ρ map SNR efficiency than typical schedules.ConclusionThe framework can be used to improve the imaging efficiency of T1ρ mapping protocols and to guide selection of imaging parameters. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:242–250. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flexion–extension gap in cruciate‐retaining versus posterior‐stabilized total knee arthroplasty: A cadaveric study
Authors: Matthews Joshua , Chong Alexander , McQueen David , O'Guinn Justin , Wooley Paul 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTWe re‐examined experimental model results using half‐body specimens with intact extensor mechanisms and navigation to evaluate cruciate‐retaining (CR) and posterior stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) component gaps through an entire range of motion. Six sequential testing regimens were conducted with the knee intact, with a CR TKA in place, and with a PS TKA in place, with and without 22 N traction in place at each stage. Each of 10 knees was taken through six full ranges of motion from 0° to 120° at every stage using a navigated knee system to record component gapping. No significant difference was found between loaded and unloaded component gaps, and no significant differences were found in component gapping between CR and PS TKAs throughout a full range of motion. Flexion–extension gap measurements were significantly different from previously published data (at 90° flexion). No difference was found in kinematics when comparing CR and PS TKA component designs. Our results suggest that intact extensor mechanisms may be required to perform proper kinematic studies of TKA. Our findings provide evidence that the extensor mechanism may play a major role in the flexion–extension gaps in cadaveric knees. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:627–632, 2014.
Reconciling 14C and minirhizotron‐based estimates of fine‐root turnover with survival functions
Authors: Ahrens Bernhard , Reichstein Markus 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe turnover of fine‐roots is a crucial component for the input of C to the soil. The amount of root litter input is depending on estimates of turnover times from different techniques. Turnover times from fine‐root cameras (minirhizotrons) often yield 75% higher root litter input estimates than turnover times estimated with the bomb‐radiocarbon signature of fine roots. We introduce a generic framework for the analysis of fine‐root 14C with different survival functions. So far, mostly an exponential function has been used to estimate the turnover time and mean age of fine roots. In the context of the introduced survival function framework we clarify the terms turnover time, mean residence time, mean longevity, and mean age, which are commonly used in studies of root turnover. Using a unique time series of fine‐root 14C (Fröberg 2012), we test if survival functions other than the exponential function are better in accordance with turnover‐time estimates commonly found with other methods. A survival function that corresponds to a two‐pool model was best in agreement with minirhizotron‐based estimates (mean residence time of 1.9 y). We argue that using fine‐root 14C and minirhizotron time‐to‐death data together would give the best constraints on fine‐root turnover. At the same time this could allow quantifying systematic biases inherent to both techniques.
Do Circumstances of the Death Matter? Identifying Socioenvironmental Risks for Grief‐Related Psychopathology in Bereaved Youth
Authors: Kaplow Julie B. , Howell Kathryn H. , Layne Christopher M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe examined bereaved children's and surviving caregivers’ psychological responses following the death of the other caregiver as a function of the stated cause of death. Participants included 63 parentally bereaved children and 38 surviving caregivers who were assessed using self‐report instruments and in‐person interviews. Surviving caregivers reported the causes of death as resulting from sudden natural death (34.9%), illness (33.3%), accident (17.5%), and suicide (14.3%). Results revealed differences between caregiver‐reported versus child‐reported cause of death, particularly in cases of suicide. Children who lost a caregiver due to a prolonged illness exhibited higher levels of both maladaptive grief (d = 3.13) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS; d = 3.33) when compared to children who lost a caregiver due to sudden natural death (e.g., heart attack). In contrast, surviving caregivers did not differ in their levels of maladaptive grief and PTSS as a function of the cause of death; however, caregivers bereaved by sudden natural death reported higher levels of depression than those bereaved by prolonged illness (d = 1.36). Limited sample size prevented analysis of outcomes among those bereaved by suicide or accident. These findings suggest that anticipated deaths may contain etiologic risk factors for maladaptive grief and PTSS in children.
Injection laryngoplasty outcomes in irradiated and nonirradiated unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Chang Joseph , Courey Mark S. , Al‐Jurf Soha A. , Schneider Sarah L. , Yung Katherine C. 
Published: January 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the effect of radiation therapy on voice outcome and duration of effect of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) injection laryngoplasty in unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) patients.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsUVFP patients treated with CaHA injection laryngoplasty at the University of California San Francisco Voice and Swallowing Center were identified. Demographic information, history of irradiation to the larynx, and time to additional medialization procedures were obtained. Examinations at presentation and follow‐up were analyzed for laryngostroboscopic parameters and CAPE‐V scores.ResultsFour nonirradiated and five irradiated patients underwent a total of six and nine injection laryngoplasties, respectively. Time to additional procedures was longer in irradiated patients (P = 0.02). Prior to injection, nonirradiated patients had more severe glottic insufficiency (P = 0.007, 0.002) than did irradiated patients. Postinjection, irradiated patients demonstrated improvement in overall voice quality, breathiness, and loudness, while nonirradiated patients demonstrated improved overall quality, breathiness, pitch, and loudness. Voice quality was not statistically different between patient groups.ConclusionCaHA injection laryngoplasty improved voice quality in both irradiated and nonirradiated patients. Nonirradiated patients experience greater vocal improvement compared to irradiated patients. Vocal cord stiffness due to radiation‐induced changes may be responsible for the lack of improvement in pitch. Time to additional procedures was longer in irradiated patients and may be secondary to effects of prior radiation on graft resorption. Vocal fold medialization with CaHA injection remains a safe and efficacious treatment for UVFP in both irradiated and nonirradiated patients.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1895–1899, 2014