bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can socially responsible leaders drive Chinese firm performance?
Authors: Wang Shuo , Huang Wei , Gao Yuhui , Ansett Sean , Xu Shiyong 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The relationship between socially responsible leaders, the key driver of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices, and organizational financial performance is a salient issue in the global context for both CSR scholars and practitioners. The purpose of this paper is to provide much-needed insights into the interplay of responsible leadership, CSR practices, and organizational outcomes.Design/methodology/approach– It analyses 85 CEOs’ behaviors and their companies’ performance in a two-year database. It thereby enriches understanding of how leaders’ socially responsible decisions impact upon CSR engagement and firm performance.Findings– The results suggest that socially responsible leaders were positively related with organizational performance of return on equity (ROE). The aspects of integrity, morality, and stakeholder relationship aspects of responsible leadership are closely related to CSR. However, CSR practices were negatively related to ROA and ROE. It implies that in China CSR activities could not boost organizational performance in the short term, at least in two years.Research limitations/implications– Our research has clear limitations. First, most selected firms are renowned large corporations, state-owned, or private enterprises. Foreign-owned enterprises are excluded. Second, the evaluation of CSP is based on the content analysis of firms’ annual CSR reports. Our research has clear limitations. First, most selected firms are renowned large corporations, state-owned, or private enterprises. Foreign-owned enterprises are excluded. Second, the evaluation of CSP is based on the content analysis of firms’ annual CSR reports.Practical implications– Our research has practical implications for the business world. First, CSR practices in China shall be conducted in a strategic way. Second, responsible leadership is of significance for the Chinese MNCs that are overseas to build trustful stakeholder relations with local stakeholders.Originality/value– Based on the data analysis, this study provides in-depth discussion of CSR situation in China and its relationship with firm performance, which is one of the first studies to examine responsible leadership in Chinese context and investigate the relationship between responsible leadership and organizational performance.
What matters most in leader selection? The role of personality and implicit leadership theories
Authors: Carnes Andrew , Houghton Jeffery D. , Ellison Christopher N. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to determine the primary basis upon which raters make decisions in the context of selection for formal leadership positions. Specifically, this paper examines the applicant’s personality, the rater’s personality, and the congruence between the applicant’s personality and the rater’s implicit leadership theories (ILTs) as predictors of interview scores.Design/methodology/approach– The hypotheses were tested via random coefficient modeling analyses using HLM software with the control variables included in Step 1 and the main effects entered in Step 2, and interaction effects in Step 3 as appropriate.Findings– Analyses suggest that both applicant and rater personality impact interview scores, but raters do not appear to select leaders on the basis of their conceptualization of an ideal leader.Research limitations/implications– The results suggest that raters may not consider their own ILTs when attempting to identify future leaders. Given this lack of a natural tendency toward selecting individuals that match one’s perceptions of an ideal leader, future research should focus on adapting current selection methods to leader selection and the development of new selection methods that are more valid.Practical implications– These findings suggest that current staffing practices may not encompass the most effective tools for selecting future leaders of the organization. These results highlight the importance of clarifying the outcome goals of the selection process in advance by giving raters a clear representation of the qualities and ideals that should be present in potential leaders.Originality/value– This study is among the first to examine the relationships between personality and ILTs in the context of a formal leadership selection process and makes a significant contribution to the literature by providing insight into the influence of both rater and applicant personality differences along with rater conceptualizations of ideal leadership in the context of formal leadership selection.
Religion, religiosity, and leadership practices
Authors: Hage Joe , Posner Barry Z. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify and measure the relationship between a leader’s religion and religiosity (independent variables) and leadership practices (dependent variables) in the context of non-western Christian and Muslim organizational leaders.Design/methodology/approach– The quantitative correlation study involved 384 organizational leaders (150 Christians and 234 Muslims) working in various industries in Lebanon. Organizational leaders supplied their religious affiliation and self-rated their religiosity and leadership practices.Findings– Results were somewhat mixed, supporting some prior studies and contradicting others. Differences in the hypothesized relationship between the religious affiliation, religiosity, and leadership practices of organizational leaders were noted. The findings revealed that religion and religiosity both have an influence on the behavior and practices of organizational leaders; although the former is much more significant than the latter.Research limitations/implications– Organizational leaders reported their leadership practices and religiosity, hence self-rating bias. The data collection method allowed participant self-selection, thus potentially introducing self-selection bias in this study. Cultural response bias may be another possible limitation to this study. There were no controls for possible confounding factors (such as organizational, psychological, personal, or environmental variables) that may have influenced respondents.Practical implications– This study confirmed that leadership practices were significantly complicated by the respondents’ religious affiliation and religiosity. Scholars and practitioners may use the results as guidelines to further understand leadership dynamics generally, and more particularly in a non-western context. Leaders may gain practical insight about how to meet organizational challenges in a religiously diverse workplace.Originality/value– This study sheds new light on how leadership practices may be influenced by people’s religious affiliation and religiosity; and especially so in the Middle East where a paucity of empirical research on workplace issues exists.
Examining the quantitative determinants of organizational performance: evidence from China
Authors: Wang Ying , Bhanugopan Ramudu , Lockhart Pamela 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The aim of this paper is to examine the determinants of organizational performance (OP) of business enterprises located in China and to explore how individual demographic and organizational characteristics affect OP.Design/methodology/approach– This study applies quantitative methods to examine the OP. Data were collected from 405 managers across 306 organizations in China.Findings– The study finds that, overall, OP is related to five factors, namely, finance and customer, internal business, work satisfaction, pay and benefits and innovation and technology (INT). The results from this study provide new perspectives and support the overall validity of the nomological network of OP factors. The findings also provide guidelines on which perspectives of performance organizations should be enhanced.Practical implications– The five-factor model of OP provides benefit to any organization or individual who intends to examine OP in China. In addition, the findings suggest that organizations should explore ways to enforce their performance. The findings also inform organizational decision makers about practices for performance improvement.Originality/value– The present study was undertaken to advance understanding of OP in China in several ways. The most significant element of this study was the five-factor performance model generated from the structural equation modeling analysis. The results from MANOVA highlight the potential impact of organization theory on how demographic and organizational variables influence OP in China.
At what level is your organization managing knowledge?
Authors: Galati Francesco 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to combine different perspectives concerning knowledge management (KM), thus developing a theoretical framework that could be used, as a basic strategic tool, both to control and to plan KM level of implementation.Design/methodology/approach– Bringing together previous research in KM and providing an analysis of the main issues discussed in the literature, an integrative framework for evaluating the level of implementation of knowledge management within organizations is proposed.Findings– The major contribution is the final theoretical framework proposed, which allows the possibility to dynamically analyze the evolution of the KM maturity level of an organization, thus assuming a relevant strategic importance.Research limitations/implications– The model proposed provides only the basis for an extensive analysis on the topic. Further research could focus on the quantitative development of the suggested framework.Practical implications– The paper is very useful in practical terms. From a static perspective, a manager can use the resulted framework as a strategic tool able to portray the level of implementation of KM within his organization. From a dynamic perspective, the framework could be adopted to analyze the evolution of the KM within the organization, thus gaining deeper understanding on the link between KM and organizational change.Originality/value– This paper presents a novel framework. Unlike previous literature on KM, this paper combined numerous perspectives in the field and provides a useful strategic tool.
Effects of non‐amputative wide local excision on the local control and prognosis of in situ and invasive subungual melanoma
Authors: Nakamura Yasuhiro , Ohara Kuniaki , Kishi Akiko , Teramoto Yukiko , Sato Sayuri , Fujisawa Yasuhiro , Fujimoto Manabu , Otsuka Fujio , Hayashi Nobukazu , Yamazaki Naoya , Yamamoto Akifumi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSubungual melanomas (SUM) are rare, and amputation is often required. Non‐amputative wide local excision (WLE) of the nail unit with the periosteum of the distal phalanx, followed by skin graft, has been accepted for in situ or SUM of 0.5 mm or less thickness. However, previous reports have included a limited number of cases, and not all more than 0.5‐mm thick SUM exhibit invasion or attachment to the distal phalanx. The aim of the present study was to investigate the local recurrence and prognosis for in situ, minimally invasive and invasive SUM that were treated using WLE. We retrospectively reviewed 50 patients with in situ (n = 48) or minimally invasive SUM (n = 2) (in situ or minimally invasive group) and 12 patients with more than 0.5‐mm thick invasive SUM (invasive group) who were treated using WLE. All patients survived the follow‐up period (24–207 months), although four patients with in situ SUM experienced local recurrence at the lateral margin and re‐excision was required. In the invasive group, no patients experienced local recurrence, although one patient (8.3%) developed nodal metastasis at 86 months and regional lymph node dissection was required. WLE may provide acceptable local control for in situ and intermediate thickness SUM, without compromising the vital prognosis. However, a larger randomized prospective study with long‐term follow up is required to evaluate adequately the risks associated with a non‐amputative WLE for in situ and invasive SUM.
The role of a dominant predator in shaping biodiversity over space and time in a marine ecosystem
Authors: Ellingsen Kari E. , Anderson Marti J. , Shackell Nancy L. , Tveraa Torkild , Yoccoz Nigel G. , Frank Kenneth T. 
Published: May 2015

Summary

Exploitation of living marine resources has resulted in major changes to populations of targeted species and functional groups of large‐bodied species in the ocean. However, the effects of overfishing and collapse of large top predators on the broad‐scale biodiversity of oceanic ecosystems remain largely unexplored.

Populations of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were overfished and several collapsed in the early 1990s across Atlantic Canada, providing a unique opportunity to study potential ecosystem‐level effects of the reduction of a dominant predator on fish biodiversity, and to identify how such effects might interact with other environmental factors, such as changes in climate, over time.

We combined causal modelling with model selection and multimodel inference to analyse 41 years of fishery‐independent survey data (1970–2010) and quantify ecosystem‐level effects of overfishing and climate variation on the biodiversity of fishes across a broad area (172 000 km2) of the Scotian Shelf.

We found that alpha and beta diversity increased with decreases in cod occurrence; fish communities were less homogeneous and more variable in systems where cod no longer dominated. These effects were most pronounced in the colder north‐eastern parts of the Scotian Shelf.

Our results provide strong evidence that intensive harvesting (and collapse) of marine apex predators can have large impacts on biodiversity, with far‐reaching consequences for ecological stability across an entire ecosystem.
Grey seal predation impairs recovery of an over‐exploited fish stock
Authors: Cook Robin M. , Holmes Steven J. , Fryer Robert J. 
Published: May 2015

Summary

Grey seal predation has been blamed by fishers for the decline of Atlantic cod stocks and has led to calls for seal culls. In the West of Scotland, estimates of cod consumption by seals have exceeded reported catches and spawning biomass, focussing attention on the interaction between fishers and seals.

Bayesian models making different assumptions about seal predation were used to estimate the size of the West of Scotland cod stock between 1985 and 2005 and the mortalities due to fishing and seal foraging. A simple population model was used to identify the likely direction of cod population change at recent mortality rates.

All model configurations suggest that the total mortality of cod has remained fairly stable and high for many years regardless of the assumptions on seal predation. The high mortality explains the long‐term decline of the stock.

The best‐fitting model suggests that mortality due to fishing reduced substantially in the decade up to 2005, but has been replaced by increased seal predation mortality on a smaller cod stock. Given total mortality estimates, the stock is unlikely to recover even at present reduced levels of fishing.

Synthesis and applications. Our model offers a method of estimating seal predation mortality as part of routine stock assessments that inform fishery management. The analysis shows that predation by seals can be an important component of the total stock mortality. It also shows that assuming invariant natural mortality, as adopted in many standard fish stock assessments, may lead to incorrect perceptions of fishing mortality, over‐estimating the benefits of reducing fishing mortality when there is density‐dependent predation. It is essential to consider predation by top predators when formulating appropriate advice for managing the fishery.
Changes in secondary metabolic profiles of Microcystis aeruginosa strains in response to intraspecific interactions
Authors: Briand Enora , Bormans Myriam , Gugger Muriel , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Gerwick William H. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe cyanobacteria Microcystis proliferate in freshwater ecosystems and produce bioactive compounds including the harmful toxins microcystins (MC). These secondary metabolites play an important role in shaping community composition through biotic interactions although their role and mode of regulation are poorly understood. As natural cyanobacterial populations include producing and non‐producing strains, we tested if the production of a range of peptides by coexisting cells could be regulated through intraspecific interactions. With an innovative co‐culturing chamber together with advanced mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, we monitored the growth and compared the metabolic profiles of a MC‐producing as well as two non‐MC‐producing Microcystis strains under mono‐ and co‐culture conditions. In monocultures, these strains grew comparably; however, the non‐MC‐producing mutant produced higher concentrations of cyanopeptolins, aerucyclamides and aeruginosins than the wild type. Physiological responses to co‐culturing were reflected in a quantitative change in the production of the major peptides. Using a MS/MS‐based molecular networking approach, we identified new analogues of known classes of peptides as well as new compounds. This work provides new insights into the factors that regulate the production of MC and other secondary metabolites in cyanobacteria, and suggests interchangeable or complementary functions allowing bloom‐forming cyanobacteria to efficiently colonize and dominate in fluctuating aquatic environments.
Community‐Level Quality Improvement and the Patient Experience for Chronic Illness Care
Authors: McHugh Megan , Harvey Jillian B. , Kang Raymond , Shi Yunfeng , Scanlon Dennis P. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo determine whether chronically ill adults from communities participating in a community‐level quality improvement effort reported greater improvement on four domains of patient experience: care coordination, patient satisfaction, provider interaction and support, and receipt of recommended care for diabetes.Study SettingThe Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Aligning Forces for Quality (AF4Q) initiative provides multistakeholder alliances with funding and technical assistance to improve quality in their communities.Study DesignThis is a quasi‐experimental, pre‐post study. We used a difference‐in‐difference approach to detect relative changes over time on 16 survey‐based outcome measures representing the four patient experience domains.Data CollectionWe surveyed adults with chronic illness(es) in 14 AF4Q communities and a national comparison group. Wave 1 was completed in 2008 (8,140 respondents) and wave 2 in 2012 (9,565 respondents).Principal FindingsRespondents from AF4Q communities reported modestly greater improvement on patient satisfaction and receipt of recommended care for diabetes.ConclusionsResults suggest that community‐level QI efforts led by multistakeholder alliances hold the potential to improve patient satisfaction and receipt of recommended care for diabetes, but the magnitude of the effect may be limited. However, there is less evidence that community‐level QI can improve patient perceptions of care coordination or provider interaction and support.
Medicaid Expansions and Crowd‐Out: Evidence from HIFA Premium Assistance Programs
Authors: Atherly Adam , Call Kathleen , Coulam Robert , Dowd Bryan 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the Oregon and New Mexico Health Insurance Flexibility and Accountability (HIFA) demonstrations. HIFA is an optional state Medicaid expansion targeted at adults and children with incomes below 200 percent of the federal poverty level (FPL). The study has five research questions: What type of health insurance do HIFA enrollees self report in surveys? What are the demographic characteristics of these enrollees? What type of health insurance coverage, if any, did HIFA enrollees have just prior to enrollment in the HIFA program? Among those with prior coverage, what prompted participation in the HIFA program? What type of health insurance, if any, would HIFA enrollees have in the absence of HIFA?MethodsData were collected via telephone interviews with a total of 406 enrollees from Oregon and 409 enrollees from New Mexico. The survey was conducted between July 7 and September 20, 2009, for both states. The sample frame for the survey was based on administrative records of adults enrolled in June 2009. After completion of the survey, active enrollment status as of the date the telephone interview was confirmed. Respondents no longer enrolled at the time of the survey (7 cases in NM and 14 in OR) were excluded from the analysis. The final sample size was 794 verified HIFA enrollees.ResultsHIFA enrollees tended to be middle‐aged, male, and relatively unhealthy. Employment status varied tremendously from the self‐employed to retired to unable to work. HIFA enrollees were reasonably well educated with 80 percent having at least a high school education. Most HIFA enrollees (90 percent) reported being uninsured just prior to participation in HIFA. Of those who were uninsured, most reported having been uninsured for an extended time—a year or more. Most enrollees joined HIFA because they lacked access to health insurance or could not afford insurance on the private market. The overwhelming majority (76 percent) of respondents believed that they would be uninsured in the absence of HIFA, with few considering either an employer plan or private purchase to be a viable option. Over 90 percent of enrollees correctly indicated they had insurance coverage. However, characterization of the type of coverage was problematic, particularly in the absence of the program‐specific name.ConclusionsHIFA enrolled a relatively sick, male, middle‐aged population that tended to have been long‐term uninsured—the kind of enrollees for which the programs were designed—with little apparent crowd‐out of private insurance. The reported health status coupled with low incomes suggests that individual purchase is unlikely, a sentiment echoed by the respondents. In the absence of HIFA, most enrollees believed they would rejoin the ranks of the uninsured from where they came.