bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering database hardware and software together
Authors: Loaiza Juan 
Published: September 2015

Since its inception, Oracle's database software primarily ran on customer configured off-the-shelf hardware. A decade ago, the architecture of conventional systems started to become a bottleneck and Oracle developed the Oracle Exadata Database Machine to optimize the full hardware and software stack for database workloads. Exadata is based on a scale-out architecture of database servers and storage servers that optimizes both OLTP and Analytic workloads while hosting hundreds of databases simultaneously on the same system. By using database specific protocols for storage and networking we bypass limitations imposed by conventional network and storage layers. Exadata is now deployed at thousands of Enterprises including 4 of the 5 largest banks, telecoms, and retailers for varied workloads such as interbank funds transfers, e-commerce, ERP, Cloud SaaS applications, and petabyte data warehouses.
Five years ago, Oracle initiated a project to extend our database stack beyond software and systems and into the architecture of the microprocessor itself. The goal of this effort is to dramatically improve the performance, reliability and cost effectiveness of a new generation of database machines. The new SPARC M7 processor is the first step. The M7 is an extraordinarily fast conventional processor with 32-cores per socket and an extremely high bandwidth memory system. Added to its conventional processing capabilities are 32 custom on-chip database co-processors that run database searches at full memory bandwidth rates, and decompress data in real-time to increase memory bandwidth and capacity. Further, the M7 implements innovative fine-grained memory protection to secure sensitive business data.
In the presentation we will describe how Oracle's engineering teams integrate software and hardware at all levels to achieve breakthrough performance, reliability, and security for the database and rest of the modern data processing stack.
Lipschitz conditions for the generalized Fourier transform associated with the Jacobi–Cherednik operator on ℝ
Authors: Ghabi Rabiaa , Mili Maher 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the generalized Fourier transform associated with the Jacobi–Cherednik operator on ℝ and we give conditions of quite different kind for a function to have a transform belonging to certain
Developing Chinese Complimenting in a Study Abroad Program
Authors: Jin Li 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article reports on an empirical study investigating what and how two college-level American learners of Mandarin Chinese developed their own understanding of the Chinese complimenting speech act while participating in a 7-week intensive language study abroad program. A case study approach was adopted with a focus on participants’ self-reflection data supplemented with the researcher’s observation data to unpack each participant’s pragmatic developmental process throughout the program. Guided by sociocultural theory, the study uncovered the dynamic, complex and highly individualized developmental process each participant experienced. The findings revealed that Chinese people’s special treatment of the two American students provided more constraints than opportunities for them to acquire Chinese complimenting. However, the learners’ own motivation and approaches to learning also significantly shaped their learning process and outcomes. Pedagogical suggestions for Chinese pragmatic development in study abroad contexts are provided.
Discrete dislocation modeling of stress corrosion cracking in an iron
Authors: Adlakha Ilaksh , Sadananda Kuntimaddi , Solanki Kiran N. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Material strengthening and embrittlement are controlled by interactions between dislocations and hydrogen that alter the observed deformation mechanisms. In this work, we used an energetics approach to differentiate two fundamental stress corrosion mechanisms in iron, namely, hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity and hydrogen-enhanced decohesion. Considering the small-scale yielding condition, we use a discrete dislocation framework with line dislocations to simulate the crack-tip plastic behavior. The crack growth was modeled using the change in surface energies (cohesive zone laws) due to hydrogen segregation. The changes in the surface energies as a function of hydrogen concentration are computed using atomistic simulations. Results indicate that, when hydrogen concentrations are low, crack growth occurs by alternating mechanisms of cleavage and slip. However, as the hydrogen concentrations increased above some critical value, the crack grows predominately by the cleavage-based decohesion process.
Synthesis and characterization of N-glucosylated dithiadiazepine derivatives through carbon-sulfur bond formation
Authors: Chavan Snehal A. , Ulhe Avinash G. , Berad Baliram N. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
New 4,7-bis(arylamino)-2-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosylimino-1,3,5,6-dithiadiazepines were synthesized via reaction of N-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl isocyanodichloride with 1,6-diaryl-2,5-dithio-bis-ureas without using any catalyst. Thus, the synthesis of 7-membered heterocycles containing two sulfur and two nitrogen atoms through carbon-sulfur bond formation was explored. The chemical structures of these new compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral, and elemental analyses.
Numerical solution of the multidimensional Gelfand–Levitan equation
Authors: Kabanikhin Sergey I. , Sabelfeld Karl K. , Novikov Nikita S. , Shishlenin Maxim A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The coefficient inverse problem for the two-dimensional wave equation is solved.
We apply the Gelfand–Levitan approach to transform the nonlinear inverse problem to a family of linear integral equations.
We consider the Monte Carlo method for solving the Gelfand–Levitan equation. We obtain the estimation of the solution of the Gelfand–Levitan equation in one specific point, due to the properties of the method. That allows the Monte Carlo method to be more effective in terms of span cost, compared with regular methods of solving linear system. Results of numerical simulations are presented.
Effect of Whey Protein in Conjunction With a Caloric-Restricted Diet and Resistance Training
Authors: Dudgeon Wesley D. , Kelley Elizabeth P. , Scheett Timothy P. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Dudgeon, WD, Kelley, EP, and Scheett, TP. Effect of whey protein in conjunction with a caloric-restricted diet and resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1353–1361, 2017—Caloric-restricted weight loss, especially rapid weight loss, results from a decrease in both lean and fat mass (FM). The goal for many is to lose FM while retaining lean body mass (LBM) and muscular performance thus many turn to supplements. Sixteen resistance-trained men (24 ± 1.6 years of age) completed a 4 d·wk−1 body building style split resistance training program for 8 weeks in conjunction with a pre-exercise, periexercise, and postexercise ingestion of whey protein (WHEY) nutritional supplement or carbohydrate (CON)-based nutritional supplement. There were no differences in body mass change between the WHEY and CON groups although both groups lost body mass (p ≤ 0.05); however, WHEY group maintained LBM whereas the CON group lost (p ≤ 0.05), and the WHEY group lost FM (p > 0.05) and the CON group did not, although the change in FM between groups was not different. Both the WHEY and CON (p ≤ 0.05) groups significantly increased lower-body strength. The WHEY group increased upper-body strength (p ≤ 0.05), whereas the CON did not change. Both groups (p ≤ 0.05) increased lower-body repetitions to fatigue with the increase greater in the CON group (p ≤ 0.05). The CON group also increased upper-body repetitions (p ≤ 0.05) whereas WHEY did not. WHEY group lost body mass, composed of FM, whereas CON also experienced a loss in body mass, but this loss was due to decrease in LBM. Neither group experienced a loss in muscle performance, with the WHEY group tending to show improvement in strength and CON group in endurance. These data indicate WHEY supplementation compared with carbohydrate supplementation, during a caloric-restricted “cut” diet can assist in maintaining LBM while allowing for the loss of FM.
Validity and Reliability of a Portable Isometric Mid-Thigh Clean Pull
Authors: James Lachlan P. , Roberts Llion A. , Haff G. Gregory , Kelly Vincent G. , Beckman Emma M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
James, LP, Roberts, LA, Haff, GG, Kelly, VG, and Beckman, EM. Validity and reliability of a portable isometric mid-thigh clean pull. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1378–1386, 2017—This study investigated the test-retest reliability and criterion validity of force-time curve variables collected through a portable isometric mid-thigh clean pull (IMTP) device equipped with a single-axial load cell. Fifteen males with ≥6 months of resistance training experience attended two testing sessions. In each session, participants performed an IMTP in 2 separate conditions in a randomized counterbalanced manner. The criterion condition consisted of a closed-chain IMTP configured with a force plate (IMTPf), whereas the experimental test was undertaken using a portable IMTP with data acquired through a single-axial load cell (IMTPl). A very high reliability (coefficient of variation [CV] = 3.10, 90% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4–4.6%; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.96, 90% CI: 0.90–0.98) and acceptable validity (CV = 9.2, 90% CI: 7–14%; ICC = 0.88, 90% CI: 0.71–0.95) were found in the experimental condition for the measure of peak force. However, significant differences were present between the IMTPf and IMTPl (p < 0.0001). Alternate force-time curve variables did not reach acceptable levels of validity or reliability in the experimental condition. The IMTPl is a valid and highly reliable method for assessing peak force. This provides evidence supporting the use of an IMTPl as a cost-effective and portable alternative for those who wish to assess maximal force production in a similar fashion to a traditional IMTP. However, practitioners should be aware that these are slightly different tests.
CSF and Blood Levels of GFAP in Alexander Disease
Authors: Jany Paige L. , Agosta Guillermo E. , Benko William S. , Eickhoff Jens C. , Keller Stephanie R. , Köehler Wolfgang , Koeller David , Mar Soe , Naidu Sakkubai , Marie Ness Jayne , Pareyson Davide , Renaud Deborah L. , Salsano Ettore , Schiffmann Raphael , Simon Julie , Vanderver Adeline , Eichler Florian , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Messing Albee 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlexander disease is a rare, progressive, and generally fatal neurological disorder that results from dominant mutations affecting the coding region ofGFAP, the gene encoding glial fibrillary acidic protein, the major intermediate filament protein of astrocytes in the CNS. A key step in pathogenesis appears to be the accumulation of GFAP within astrocytes to excessive levels. Studies using mouse models indicate that the severity of the phenotype correlates with the level of expression, and suppression of GFAP expression and/or accumulation is one strategy that is being pursued as a potential treatment. With the goal of identifying biomarkers that indirectly reflect the levels of GFAP in brain parenchyma, we have assayed GFAP levels in two body fluids in humans that are readily accessible as biopsy sites: CSF and blood. We find that GFAP levels are consistently elevated in the CSF of patients with Alexander disease, but only occasionally and modestly elevated in blood. These results provide the foundation for future studies that will explore whether GFAP levels can serve as a convenient means to monitor the progression of disease and the response to treatment.
Arginine Methyltransferase 1 in the Nucleus Accumbens Regulates Behavioral Effects of Cocaine
Authors: Li Yan , Zhu Ruiming , Wang Wenjing , Fu Dengqi , Hou Jing , Ji Sen , Chen Bo , Hu Zhengtao , Shao Xue , Yu Xuri , Zhao Qian , Zhang Baolai , Du Changman , Bu Qian , Hu Chunyan , Tang Yun , Zhong Lei , Yang Shengyong , Zhao Yinglan , Cen Xiaobo 
Published: September 2015

Recent evidence suggests that histone modifications play a role in the behavioral effects of cocaine in rodent models. Histone arginine is known to be methylated by protein arginineN-methyltransferases (PRMTs). Evidence shows that PRMT1 contributes to >90% of cellular PRMT activity, which regulates histone H4 arginine 3 asymmetric dimethylation (H4R3me2a). Though histone arginine methylation represents a chemical modification that is relatively stable compared with other histone alterations, it is less well studied in the setting of addiction. Here, we demonstrate that repeated noncontingent cocaine injections increase PRMT1 activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of C57BL/6 mice. We, subsequently, identify a selective inhibitor of PRMT1, SKLB-639, and show that systemic injections of the drug decrease cocaine-induced conditioned place preference to levels observed with genetic knockdown of PRMT1. NAc-specific downregulation of PRMT1 leads to hypomethylation of H4R3me2a, and hypoacetylation of histone H3 lysine 9 and 14. We also found that H4R3me2a is upregulated in NAc after repeated cocaine administration, and that H4R3me2a upregulation in turn controls the expression ofCdk5andCaMKII. Additionally, the suppression of PRMT1 in NAc with lentiviral-short hairpin PMRT1 decreases levels ofCaMKIIandCdk5in the cocaine-treated group, demonstrating that PRMT1 affects the ability of cocaine to induceCaMKIIandCdk5in NAc. Notably, increased H4R3me2a by repeated cocaine injections is relatively long-lived, as increased expression was observed for up to 7 d after the last cocaine injection. These results show the role of PRMT1 in the behavioral effects of cocaine.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis work demonstrated that repeated cocaine injections led to an increase of protein arginineN-methyltransferase (PRMT1) in nucleus accumbens (NAc). We then identified a selective inhibitor of PRMT1 (SKLB-639), which inhibited cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). Additionally, genetic downregulation of PRMT1 in NAc also attenuated cocaine-caused CPP and locomotion activity, which was associated with decreased expression of histone H4 arginine 3 asymmetric demethylation (H4R3me2a) and hypoacetylation of histone H3 lysine 9 and 14 (acH3K9/K14). This study also showed that H4R3me2a controlled transcriptions of Cdk5 and CaMKII, and that PRMT1 negatively affected the ability of cocaine to induce CaMKII and Cdk5 in NAc. Notably, increased H4R3me2a by repeated cocaine injection was relatively long-lived as increased expression was observed up to 7 d after withdrawal from cocaine. Together, this study suggests that PRMT1 inhibition may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for cocaine addiction.
A Simple Network Architecture Accounts for Diverse Reward Time Responses in Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Huertas Marco A. , Hussain Shuler Marshall G. , Shouval Harel Z. 
Published: September 2015

Many actions performed by animals and humans depend on an ability to learn, estimate, and produce temporal intervals of behavioral relevance. Exemplifying such learning of cued expectancies is the observation of reward-timing activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) of rodents, wherein neural responses to visual cues come to predict the time of future reward as behaviorally experienced in the past. These reward-timing responses exhibit significant heterogeneity in at least three qualitatively distinct classes: sustained increase or sustained decrease in firing rate until the time of expected reward, and a class of cells that reach a peak in firing at the expected delay. We elaborate upon our existing model by including inhibitory and excitatory units while imposing simple connectivity rules to demonstrate what role these inhibitory elements and the simple architectures play in sculpting the response dynamics of the network. We find that simply adding inhibition is not sufficient for obtaining the different distinct response classes, and that a broad distribution of inhibitory projections is necessary for obtaining peak-type responses. Furthermore, although changes in connection strength that modulate the effects of inhibition onto excitatory units have a strong impact on the firing rate profile of these peaked responses, the network exhibits robustness in its overall ability to predict the expected time of reward. Finally, we demonstrate how the magnitude of expected reward can be encoded at the expected delay in the network and how peaked responses express this reward expectancy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHeterogeneity in single-neuron responses is a common feature of neuronal systems, although sometimes, in theoretical approaches, it is treated as a nuisance and seldom considered as conveying a different aspect of a signal. In this study, we focus on the heterogeneous responses in the primary visual cortex of rodents trained with a predictable delayed reward time. We describe under what conditions this heterogeneity can arise by self-organization, and what information it can convey. This study, while focusing on a specific system, provides insight onto how heterogeneity can arise in general while also shedding light onto mechanisms of reinforcement learning using realistic biological assumptions.
“Visual” Cortex of Congenitally Blind Adults Responds to Syntactic Movement
Authors: Lane Connor , Kanjlia Shipra , Omaki Akira , Bedny Marina 
Published: September 2015

Human cortex is comprised of specialized networks that support functions, such as visual motion perception and language processing. How do genes and experience contribute to this specialization? Studies of plasticity offer unique insights into this question. In congenitally blind individuals, “visual” cortex responds to auditory and tactile stimuli. Remarkably, recent evidence suggests that occipital areas participate in language processing. We asked whether in blindness, occipital cortices: (1) develop domain-specific responses to language and (2) respond to a highly specialized aspect of language–syntactic movement. Nineteen congenitally blind and 18 sighted participants took part in two fMRI experiments. We report that in congenitally blind individuals, but not in sighted controls, “visual” cortex is more active during sentence comprehension than during a sequence memory task with nonwords, or a symbolic math task. This suggests that areas of occipital cortex become selective for language, relative to other similar higher-cognitive tasks. Crucially, we find that these occipital areas respond more to sentences with syntactic movement but do not respond to the difficulty of math equations. We conclude that regions within the visual cortex of blind adults are involved in syntactic processing. Our findings suggest that the cognitive function of human cortical areas is largely determined by input during development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHuman cortex is made up of specialized regions that perform different functions, such as visual motion perception and language processing. How do genes and experience contribute to this specialization? Studies of plasticity show that cortical areas can change function from one sensory modality to another. Here we demonstrate that input during development can alter cortical function even more dramatically. In blindness a subset of “visual” areas becomes specialized for language processing. Crucially, we find that the same “visual” areas respond to a highly specialized and uniquely human aspect of language–syntactic movement. These data suggest that human cortex has broad functional capacity during development, and input plays a major role in determining functional specialization.
Spontaneous Activity Patterns in Primary Visual Cortex Predispose to Visual Hallucinations
Authors: Pajani Auréliane , Kok Peter , Kouider Sid , de Lange Floris P. 
Published: September 2015

According to theoretical frameworks casting perception as inference, vision results from the integration of bottom-up visual input with top-down expectations. Under conditions of strongly degraded sensory input, this may occasionally result in false perceptions in the absence of a sensory signal, also termed “hallucinations.” Here, we investigated whether spontaneous prestimulus activity patterns in sensory circuits, which may embody a participant's prior expectations, predispose the observer toward false perceptions. Specifically, we used fMRI to investigate whether the representational content of prestimulus activity in early visual cortex is linked to subsequent perception during a challenging detection task. Human participants were asked to detect oriented gratings of a particular orientation that were embedded in noise. We found two characteristics of prestimulus activity that predisposed participants to hallucinations: overall lower prestimulus activity and a bias in the prestimulus activity patterns toward the to-be-detected (expected) grating. These results suggest that perceptual hallucinations may be due to an imprecise and biased state of sensory circuits preceding sensory evidence collection.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen sensory stimulation is strongly degraded, we occasionally misperceive a stimulus when only noise is present: a perceptual hallucination. Using fMRI in healthy participants, we investigated whether the state of early visual cortex preceding stimulus onset predisposes an observer to hallucinations. We found two characteristics of prestimulus activity that predisposed participants to hallucinations: overall lower prestimulus activity and a bias in the prestimulus activity patterns toward the expected grating. These results suggest that perceptual hallucinations are due to an imprecise and biased state of sensory circuits preceding sensation.