bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tempering Procedure Effects on the Impact Toughness in Simulated Heat Affected Zone of Grade 22 Steel
Authors: Jang Eun , Alexandrov Boian , McCracken Steve , Barborak Darren 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Welding of thick low alloy steel components without elevated preheat imposes rapid cooling rates that may promote martensite formation in the coarse-grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ). Freshly formed martensite contains a distorted and supersaturated matrix with high dislocation densities. As a result, impact toughness properties of these regions are inherently low and postweld tempering procedures are typically required. Conventional postweld heat treatment (PWHT) involves extended isothermal holds at elevated temperature, which allows for considerable softening of the martensitic structure but has been found to have less effect on improving impact toughness. In contrast, short-term tempering processes with rapid heating and cooling rates and short exposures to elevated temperatures have been shown to greatly improve impact toughness through a shift in the kinetics of martensite tempering that produces high number densities of refined carbides. Temper bead welding (TBW) was developed for in-service repair of thick steel components where PWHT is impractical or not possible. With TBW, the heat-affected zone is tempered by one or more rapid reheat cycles from overlapping weld beads or weld layers. This study compares the Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact toughness and fracture morphology of the CGHAZ in the as-welded condition, with conventional PWHT, with a single TBW reheat and with multiple TBW reheats for an SA-387 Grade 22 alloy steel.
Prediction of Steam Turbine Blade Erosion Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Data and Hierarchical Machine Learning
Authors: Fukamizu Issei , Komatsu Kazuhiko , Sato Masayuki , Kobayashi Hiroaki 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The information of the degree of blade erosion is vital for the efficient operation of steam turbines. However, it is nearly impossible to directly measure the degree of blade erosion during operation. Moreover, collecting sufficient data of eroded cases for predictive analysis is challenging. Therefore, this paper proposes a blade erosion prediction method using numerical simulation and machine learning. Pressure data of several blade erosion cases are collected from the numerical turbine simulation. The machine learning approach involves training on collected simulation data to predict the degree of erosion for the first-stage stator (1S) and the first-stage rotor blade (1R) from internal pressure data. The proposed erosion prediction model employs a two-step hierarchical approach. First, the proposed model predicts the 1S erosion degree using the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) regression. Second, the proposed model estimates the 1R erosion degree with linear regression models. These models are tailored for each of the 1S erosion degrees, utilizing pressure data processed through fast Fourier transform (FFT). The evaluation shows that the proposed method achieves the prediction of the 1S erosion with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.000693 mm and the 1R erosion with an MAE of 0.458 mm. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed method can accurately capture the degree of turbine blade erosion from internal pressure data. As a result, the proposed method suggests that the erosion prediction method can be effectively used to determine the optimal timing for maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO).
Evaporation Dynamics of Deionized Water Droplets on Rough Substrates: The Coupling of Stick-Jump Motion and Evaporation
Authors: Bin Liu , Li Zhuorui , Bi Lisen , Hu Hengxiang , Zeng Tao , Li Rui , Theodorakis Panagiotis E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Substrate roughness can greatly affect the evaporation of sessile droplets, thus determining the efficiency of applications, such as ink-jet printing and coating. Here, we conduct experiments on the evaporation of de-ionized water droplets on glass substrates with roughness in the range 0.1–0.2 μm to investigate its effect on the dynamics of the contact angle and radius, as well as the heat and mass transfer during evaporation. We discover a “stick-jump” phenomenon as part of a five-stage process that is determined by the evolution characteristics of the contact angle and radius and includes the volume expansion, first stick, second stick, jump and final stages. Moreover, we find that the evaporation mode of the droplets is not affected by the increase of substrate roughness, whereas the heat and mass transfer processes intensify with the increase of substrate roughness in the presence of nonuniform evaporation effects. Also, the pinning–depinning mechanism of the “stick-jump” phenomenon during evaporation is carefully analyzed in terms of the Gibbs free energy, thus establishing a relation among Gibbs and excess Gibbs free energies and substrate roughness, which predicts the evaporation dynamics of the droplet. We anticipate that this study unravels key aspects of the droplet evaporation mechanisms on rough substates toward optimizing and advancing relevant technology applications.
“Falling Behind,” “Letting Go,” and Being “Outsprinted” as Distinct Features of Pacing in Distance Running
Authors: Foster Carl , Barroso Renato , Bok Daniel , Boullosa Daniel , Casado Arturo , Cortis Cristina , Fusco Andrea , Hanley Brian , Skiba Philip , de Koning Jos J. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: In distance running, pacing is characterized by changes in speed, leading to runners dropping off the leader’s pace until a few remain to contest victory with a final sprint. Pacing behavior has been well studied over the last 30 years, but much remains unknown. It might be related to finishing position, finishing time, and dependent on critical speed (CS), a surrogate of physiologic capacity. We hypothesized a relationship between CS and the distance at which runners “fell behind” and “let go” from the leader or were “outsprinted” as contributors to performance. Methods: 100-m split times were obtained for athletes in the men’s 10,000-m at the 2008 Olympics (N = 35). Split times were individually compared with the winner at the point of “falling behind” (successive split times progressively slower than the winner), “letting go” (large increase in time for distance compared with winner), or “outsprinted” (falling behind despite active acceleration) despite being with the leader with 400 m remaining. Results: Race times ranged between 26:55 and 29:23 (world record = 26:17). There were 3 groups who fell behind at ∼1000 (n = 11), ∼6000 (n = 16), and ∼9000 m (n = 2); let go at ∼4000 (n = 10), ∼7000 (n = 14), and ∼9500 m (n = 5); or were outkicked (n = 6). There was a moderate correlation between CS and finishing position (r = .82), individual mean pace (r = .79), “fell behind” distance (r = .77), and “let go” distance (r = .79). D′ balance was correlated with performance in the last 400 m (r = .87). Conclusions: Athletes displayed distinct patterns of falling behind and letting go. CS serves as a moderate predictor of performance and final placing. Final placing during the sprint is related to preservation of D′ balance.
Measuring Active Transportation on National Health Surveys in Canada From 1994 to 2020
Authors: Borhani Parya , Walker Kathryn L. , Butler Gregory P. , Lavergne Valérie , Contreras Gisèle , Prince Stephanie A. 
Published: June 2024

Background: Active transportation (AT), described as self-powered modes of travel (eg, walking and cycling), is an important source of health-promoting physical activity. While AT behaviors have been measured on national health surveys in Canada for over 2 decades, historic prevalence has not been previously reported. We aimed to document the measures of AT on Canada’s various national health surveys, examine AT over time, and interpret them within the context of evolving methods of assessment. Methods: We compiled and summarized the questions used to measure AT among Canadians on 4 national health surveys: National Population Health Survey (1994–1998), Canadian Community Health Survey (2000–2020), Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007–2019), and the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study (2010–2018). Among youth and adults (12+ y), we summarized over time: (1) the prevalence of AT participation and (2) time spent in AT (in hours per week) among those who report any AT participation. Where possible, we reported separate estimates of walking and cycling and produced an aggregate estimate of total AT. We stratified results by age group and sex. Results: Changes in AT survey questions over time and between surveys limit the interpretation and comparability of temporal trends. Nevertheless, a consistently higher proportion of females report walking, while a higher proportion of males report cycling. Irrespective of mode, males report spending more total time in AT. Participation in AT tends to decrease with age, with youth reporting the highest rates of AT and young adults often spending the most time in AT. Conclusions: Monitoring trends in AT can help assess patterns of behavior and identify whether promotion strategies are needed or whether population interventions are effective. Our evaluation of AT over time is limited by questions surveyed; however, consistent differences in AT by age and sex are evident over time. Moving forward, ensuring consistency of AT measurement over time is essential to monitoring this important behavior.
Climate change education in U.S. middle schools: changes over five pivotal years
Authors: Plutzer Eric , Branch Glenn , Townley Amanda L. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Climate change education is both important and challenging. Prior research suggests that many secondary school science teachers in the United States were conveying “mixed messages” to students that legitimized scientifically unwarranted explanations of recent global warming. In this paper, we focus on US climate education at the middle school level and assess whether teacher attention to recent global warming, and whether the messages conveyed to students, changed between 2014 and 2019. Pooling data from two nationally representative probability surveys of middle school science teachers, we show significant advances on several key criteria, but the prevalence of mixed messages remained high. Exploratory analysis suggests that improvements were spurred partly by the adoption of the Next Generation Science Standards by many states and by partly by shifts in the personal views of science educators.
The differences in cytokine signatures between severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)
Authors: Liu Zishuai , Xue Xiaoyu , Geng Shuying , Jiang Zhouling , Ge Ziruo , Zhao Chenxi , Xu Yanli , Wang Xiaolei , Zhang Wei , Lin Ling , Chen Zhihai 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus and hantavirus are categorized under the Bunyavirales order. The severe disease progression in both SFTS and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is associated with cytokine storms. This study aimed to explore the differences in cytokine profiles and immune responses between the two diseases. A cross-sectional, single-center study involved 100 participants, comprising 46 SFTS patients, 48 HFRS patients, and 6 healthy controls. The study employed the Luminex cytokine detection platform to measure 48 cytokines. The differences in cytokine profiles and immune characteristics between the two diseases were further analyzed using multiple linear regression, principal component analysis, and random forest method. Among the 48 cytokines tested, 30 showed elevated levels in SFTS and/or HFRS compared to the healthy control group. Furthermore, there were 19 cytokines that exhibited significant differences between SFTS and HFRS. Random forest analysis suggested that TRAIL and CTACK were predictive of SFTS, while IL2Ralpha, MIG, IL-8, IFNalpha2, HGF, SCF, MCP-3, and PDGFBB were more common with HFRS. It was further verified by the receiver operating characteristic with area under the curve >0.8 and
P
-values <0.05, except for TRAIL. Significant differences were observed in the cytokine profiles of SFTS and HFRS, with TRAIL, IL2Ralpha, MIG, and IL-8 being the top 4 cytokines that most clearly distinguished the two diseases.

IMPORTANCE
SFTS and HFRS differ in terms of cytokine immune characteristics. TRAIL, IL-2Ralpha, MIG, and IL-8 were the top 4 that differed markedly between SFTS and HFRS.
cAMP-independent DNA binding of the CRP family protein DdrI from
Deinococcus radiodurans
Authors: Wang Yudong , Hu Jing , Gao Xufan , Cao Yuchen , Ye Shumai , Chen Cheng , Wang Liangyan , Xu Hong , Guo Miao , Zhang Dong , Zhou Ruhong , Hua Yuejin , Zhao Ye 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The cAMP receptor proteins (CRPs) play a critical role in bacterial environmental adaptation by regulating global gene expression levels via cAMP binding. Here, we report the structure of DdrI, a CRP family protein from
Deinococcus radiodurans
. Combined with biochemical, kinetic, and molecular dynamics simulations analyses, our results indicate that DdrI adopts a DNA-binding conformation in the absence of cAMP and can form stable complexes with the target DNA sequence of classical CRPs. Further analysis revealed that the high-affinity cAMP binding pocket of DdrI is partially filled with Tyr113-Arg55-Glu65 sidechains, mimicking the
anti
-cAMP-mediated allosteric transition. Moreover, the second
syn
-cAMP binding site of DdrI at the protein-DNA interface is more negatively charged compared to that of classical CRPs, and manganese ions can enhance its DNA binding affinity. DdrI can also bind to a target sequence that mimics another transcription factor, DdrO, suggesting potential cross-talk between these two transcription factors. These findings reveal a class of CRPs that are independent of cAMP activation and provide valuable insights into the environmental adaptation mechanisms of
D. radiodurans
.

IMPORTANCE

Bacteria need to respond to environmental changes at the gene transcriptional level, which is critical for their evolution, virulence, and industrial applications. The cAMP receptor protein (CRP) of
Escherichia coli
(ecCRP) senses changes in intracellular cAMP levels and is a classic example of allosteric effects in textbooks. However, the structures and biochemical activities of CRPs are not generally conserved and there exist different mechanisms. In this study, we found that the proposed CRP from
Deinococcus radiodurans
, DdrI, exhibited DNA binding ability independent of cAMP binding and adopted an apo structure resembling the activated CRP. Manganese can enhance the DNA binding of DdrI while allowing some degree of freedom for its target sequence. These results suggest that CRPs can evolve to become a class of cAMP-independent global regulators, enabling bacteria to adapt to different environments according to their characteristics. The first-discovered CRP family member, ecCRP (or CAP) may well not be typical of the family and be very different to the ancestral CRP-family transcription factor.
Complete genome sequence of a metallo-β-lactamase-producing
Aeromonas dhakensis
strain, RYU-Ah62, isolated from a patient with an abdominal abscess
Authors: Nishiyama Naoya , Uechi Kohei , Arakaki Wakako , Utsumi Daisuke , Sato Yukuto , Nakamatsu Masashi , Kinjo Takeshi , Yamamoto Kazuko 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Aeromonas dhakensis
is highly virulent but often misidentified in clinical settings. The entire genome sequence of a metallo-β-lactamase-producing
A. dhakensis
strain from a clinical specimen has been presented in this study. The genome comprised a single chromosome of 4.89 Mbp with 61.6% G + C content.
Unveiling genome sequence of
Bacillus safensis
strain WOB7 KX774196, a linamarin-utilizing bacterium (LUB) isolated from cassava wastewater (CWW) in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunyemi Adewale K. , Buraimoh Olanike M. , Dauda Wadzani P. , Akapo Olufunmilayo O. , Ogunyemi Bukola C. , Samuel Titilola A. , Ilori Matthew O. , Amund Olukayode O. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacillus safensis
strain WOB7 is a linamarin-utilizing bacterium (LUB) that was isolated from cassava wastewater obtained from a processing factory. We present here the draft genome sequence of the strain (WOB7). These data provide valuable information on the prospects of the linamarase and other genes of importance associated with cyanogen detoxification.
Whole-genome sequence of
Micrococcus
sp. strain HOU01 isolated from potato root
Authors: Dao Van Hong Thi , Nguyen Loan To , Tran Phuong Minh Thi , Nguyen Truong Xuan , Le Ha Hai Thanh , Dinh Son Truong 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Endophytes play important roles in potato production. The whole genome of endophytic
Micrococcus
sp. Strain HOU01, isolated from potato root grown at Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam, was sequenced using Oxford Nanopore’s PromethION platform. The complete circular genome is 2,552,707 bp with a GC content of 72.5%.
Draft genome sequences of two wide-host-range phages of
Listeria monocytogenes
from food processing environments in the United States
Authors: Brown Phillip , Kilcher Samuel , Kim Jae-Won , Loessner Martin , Kathariou Sophia 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
is notorious for persistence in food facilities. Phages can significantly impact the ecology of
Listeria
, but there is a dearth of genome sequence data for
Listeria
phages from food processing ecosystems. We report the genome sequences of two
Listeria
phages from turkey processing facilities in the USA.
Complete genome sequences of two closely related isolates of
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
isolated from human fingertips
Authors: Zhang S. Q. , Leung K. M. , Lai G. K. K. , Griffin S. D. J. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Complete genomes of two closely related isolates of
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
from human fingertips, SZ.YL11 and SZ.PL35w, were established through hybrid assembly. Each possesses a single circular chromosome and a circular plasmid, totaling 2,611,553 and 2,611,619 bp, respectively (with G + C 33.14% for both).
Genome sequences of
Vibrio diabolicus
and
Algoriphagus
sp. isolated from the San Elijo coastal lagoons in San Diego
Authors: Terrell Kaziah J. , Petre Rana , Stock Emma K. , Dyadyukova Polina , Kyndt John A. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

We report two draft genome sequences related to the genera
Vibrio
and
Algoriphagus
, isolated from water samples at the San Elijo Lagoon Ecological Reserve, which is one of the largest remaining coastal wetlands in San Diego, California. The initial whole genome-based comparison illustrates the uniqueness of these species.
Complete genome sequence of Japanese RSSC phylotype-I strains infecting different host plants
Authors: Rana Lokendra , Satoh Miho , Tsuzuki Masayuki , Kiba Akinori , Hikichi Yasufumi , Ohnishi Kouhei 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Ralstonia solanacearum
species complex (RSSC) shows a broad host range and is classified into four phylotypes. To compare type III effectors, we have determined the complete genome sequences of several RSSC strains, especially phylotype-I strains isolated in Japan, with different host specificity.
Metabologenomics reveals strain-level genetic and chemical diversity of
Microcystis
secondary metabolism
Authors: Yancey Colleen E. , Hart Lauren , Hefferan Sierra , Mohamed Osama G. , Newmister Sean A. , Tripathi Ashootosh , Sherman David H. , Dick Gregory J. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Microcystis
spp. are renowned for producing the hepatotoxin microcystin in freshwater cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms around the world, threatening drinking water supplies and public and environmental health. However,
Microcystis
genomes also harbor numerous biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, including many with toxic properties. Most of these BGCs are uncharacterized and currently lack links to biosynthesis products. However, recent field studies show that many of these BGCs are abundant and transcriptionally active in natural communities, suggesting potentially important yet unknown roles in bloom ecology and water quality. Here, we analyzed 21 xenic
Microcystis
cultures isolated from western Lake Erie to investigate the diversity of the biosynthetic potential of this genus. Through metabologenomic and
in silico
approaches, we show that these
Microcystis
strains contain variable BGCs, previously observed in natural populations, and encode distinct metabolomes across cultures. Additionally, we find that the majority of metabolites and gene clusters are uncharacterized, highlighting our limited understanding of the chemical repertoire of
Microcystis
spp. Due to the complex metabolomes observed in culture, which contain a wealth of diverse congeners as well as unknown metabolites, these results underscore the need to deeply explore and identify secondary metabolites produced by
Microcystis
beyond microcystins to assess their impacts on human and environmental health.

IMPORTANCE

The genus
Microcystis
forms dense cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) and can produce the toxin microcystin, which has been responsible for drinking water crises around the world. While microcystins are of great concern,
Microcystis
also produces an abundance of other secondary metabolites that may be of interest due to their potential for toxicity, ecological importance, or pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we combine genomic and metabolomic approaches to study the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites as well as the chemical diversity of produced metabolites in
Microcystis
strains from the Western Lake Erie Culture Collection. This unique collection comprises
Microcystis
strains that were directly isolated from western Lake Erie, which experiences substantial cyanoHAB events annually and has had negative impacts on drinking water, tourism, and industry.