bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dipeptidyl‐Peptidase‐4 Inhibitor, Alogliptin, Attenuates Arterial Inflammation and Neointimal Formation After Injury in Low‐Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor‐Deficient Mice
Authors: Akita Koji , Isoda Kikuo , Shimada Kazunori , Daida Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2015

Background

The results of recent studies suggest that dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐4 inhibitors have antiatherogenic effects. However, whether or not dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐4 inhibitors could suppress arterial inflammation and intimal hyperplasia after injury remains undetermined. The present study aims to clarify the anti‐inflammatory effects of the dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐4 inhibitor, alogliptin (
AGP
), on the arteries of atherogenic low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐deficient (
LKO
) mice.

Methods and Results

We compared intimal hyperplasia in
LKO
mice 2 weeks after femoral artery injury using an external vascular cuff model. All mice received oral injection of
AGP
(20 mg/kg per day) or normal saline (control) once daily for 14 days. Fasting blood sugar levels, serum cholesterol levels, or blood pressure did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. Plasma levels of active glucagon‐like peptide‐1 were higher in the
AGP
than in the control
LKO
mice (22.2±1.9 versus 15.6±0.9 pg/mL;
P
<0.05). Compared with saline,
AGP
significantly reduced intimal hyperplasia (1087±127 versus 1896±140 μm
2
;
P
<0.001) as well as the intima/media ratio (0.08±0.01 versus 0.16±0.02;
P
<0.001). Immunostaining showed that
AGP
reduced proliferating cells (proliferating cell nuclear antigen–positive nuclei;
P
<0.001), percent smooth‐muscle cell area (α‐
SMA
‐positive cells;
P
<0.001), inflammatory cells infiltration (lymphocyte antigen 6 complex–positive cells;
P
<0.05), tumor necrosis factor‐α expression (
P
<0.05), and percent phospho‐
NF
‐
κB
‐positive cell compared with saline. Levels of tumor necrosis factor ‐α (0.5‐fold
P
<0.05), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (0.3‐fold
P
<0.01), and interleukin‐1β (0.2‐fold
P
<0.05)
mRNA
were lower in the injured arteries of the
AGP
than in the control group.

Conclusions

AGP
appeared to suppress neointimal formation by inhibiting inflammation, independently of its effects on glucose or cholesterol metabolism in atherogenic
LKO
mice.
The Patients Associated With TMPRSS3 Mutations Are Good Candidates for Electric Acoustic Stimulation
Authors: Miyagawa Maiko , Nishio Shin-ya , Sakurai Yuika , Hattori Mitsuru , Tsukada Keita , Moteki Hideaki , Kojima Hiromi , Usami Shin-ichi 
Published: March 2015

Objectives: To clarify the frequency of TMPRSS3 mutations in the hearing loss population, genetic analysis was performed, and detailed clinical characteristics were collected. Optical intervention for patients with TMPRSS3 mutations was also discussed. Methods: Massively parallel DNA sequencing (MPS) was applied for the target exon-sequencing of 63 deafness genes in a population of 1120 Japanese hearing loss patients. Results: Hearing loss in 5 patients was found to be caused by compound heterozygous TMPRSS3 mutations, and their detailed clinical features were collected and analyzed. Typically, all of the patients showed ski slope type audiograms and progressive hearing loss. Three of the 5 patients received electric acoustic stimulation (EAS), which showed good results. Further, the onset age was found to vary, and there were some correlations between genotype and phenotype (onset age). Conclusions: MPS is a powerful tool for the identification of rare causative deafness genes, such as TMPRSS3. The present clinical characteristics not only confirmed the findings from previous studies but also provided clinical evidence that EAS is beneficial for patients possessing TMPRSS3 mutations.
Psychological strains and suicide intent: Results from a psychological autopsy study with Chinese rural young suicides
Authors: Sun Long , Li Han , Zhang Jie , Wu Qiong 
Published: March 2015

Background: Previous studies have examined the prevalence of psychological strains among various suicide populations. However, it is still unexamined whether psychological strains can predict suicide intent directly. Aims: We planned to explore the prevalence of psychological strains and analyze the relationship between psychological strains and suicide intent among Chinese rural young suicides. Methods: Psychological autopsy method was used to investigate the environmental and other factors of rural young suicides. Psychological strains were identified from in-depth interviews by the proxy informants of each suicide. The first 8 items of Beck’s Suicidal Intention Scale (SIS) were used to estimate the suicide intent. Results: Results showed that 96.6% of the suicides had at least one type of strain, and those suicides who had more strains tended to score higher on the suicide intent scale. Conclusion: The study further supports that suicide intent can be predicted by psychological strains in Chinese rural young suicides. The scanning of psychological strains can be used for suicide prevention in Chinese rural young suicides.
Determinants of subjective and objective burden of informal caregiving of patients with psychotic disorders
Authors: Flyckt Lena , Fatouros-Bergman Helena , Koernig Thomas 
Published: March 2015

Background: In a previous study, the objective burden of informal caregiving to patients with psychotic disorders amounted to 22 hours/week, and the subjective burden was huge with predominately anxiety and depression as main symptoms. In this study, determinants of the informal caregiving burden are analyzed to find foci for interventions to ease the size of burden. Methods: Patients with psychotic disorders ( n = 107) and their informal caregivers ( n = 118) were included. They were assessed with a comprehensive battery of rating scales including patient and caregiver characteristics as well as the amount and quality of health-care provision. Results: A multiple linear regression analysis showed that the subjective burden was significantly lower when patients had higher levels of functioning and when the health status of the informal caregivers was good. No significant determinants were found for the objective burden, but an association was found between a higher socioeconomic status of the caregivers and the amount of money provided for the patient. An association was also found between a positive perception of caregiving and more hours spent on caregiving. Conclusion: The functioning level of the patients was the main determinant of the subjective burden of informal care. For the objective burden, no main determinant was found.
Religious psychopathology: The prevalence of religious content of delusions and hallucinations in mental disorder
Authors: Cook Christopher CH 
Published: March 2015

Background: Religious themes are commonly encountered in delusions and hallucinations associated with major mental disorders, and the form and content of presentation are significant in relation to both diagnosis and management. Aims: This study aimed to establish what is known about the frequency of occurrence of religious delusions (RD) and religious hallucinations (RH) and their inter-relationship. Methods: A review was undertaken of the quantitative empirical English literature on RD and RH. Results: A total of 55 relevant publications were identified. The lack of critical criteria for defining and classifying RD and RH makes comparisons between studies difficult, but prevalence clearly varies with time and place, and probably also according to personal religiosity. In particular, little is known about the content and frequency of RH and the relationship between RH and RD. Conclusion: Clearer research criteria are needed to facilitate future study of RD and RH, and more research is needed on the relationship between RD and RH.
Identifying depressive symptom trajectory groups among Korean adults and psychosocial factors as group determinants
Authors: Kwon Tae Yeon 
Published: March 2015

Background: Longitudinal research is needed to examine the depressive symptom trajectories of different groups during adulthood and their antecedents and consequences, because depressive symptoms may be changeable and heterogeneous over time. Aims: This study examined the number of trajectory groups describing the depressive symptoms of Korean adults, as well as the shape of the trajectories and the association between trajectory group membership and psychosocial factors identified based on the ecosystem model. Method: This study used Nagin’s semi-parametric group-based modeling to analyze Year 1 to Year 7 data from Korea Welfare Panel Survey ( N = 13,735), a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling adults. Results: Three distinct trajectory groups were identified: a low stable depressive symptoms group, a moderate depressive symptoms group and a high depressive symptoms group. Result from multinominal logit analysis showed that all psychosocial factors except family relationships affected the likelihood of membership in the three depressive symptoms groups. Especially, self-esteem was the psychosocial factor with the largest impact on depressive symptom trajectory group membership. When screening for depressive symptoms, individuals with a low socioeconomic status should be a primary concern and intervention should be made available to them. Conclusion: Prevention or intervention with members of the identified trajectory groups would likely require integrative approaches targeting psychosocial factors across multiple contexts.
Type of unit and population served matters when implementing a smoke-free policy in mental health settings: Perceptions of unit managers across England
Authors: Zabeen Sara , Tsourtos George , Campion Jonathan , Lawn Sharon 
Published: March 2015

Background: Globally, smoking remains a significant issue for mental health populations. Many mental health trusts in England are facing challenges of implementing the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance according to which all mental health settings, no matter the type, should be entirely smoke-free and provide comprehensive smoking cessation support. Aim: The aim of this paper was to determine if unit type and unit manager smoking status influence mental health smoke-free policy implementation. Method: This paper reports on the secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional survey of 147 mental health inpatient settings in England, in 2010. The original study’s main aim was to understand unit managers’ perceived reasons for success or failure of smoke-free policy. Results: Unit managers ( n = 131) held a positive stance towards supporting smoke-free policy and most perceived that the policy was successful. Non-smoker unit managers were more likely to adopt complete bans than smoker unit managers, whereas smoker unit managers were more likely than non-smoker unit managers to think that stopping smoking aggravated patients’ mental illness. Smoking rates for staff and patients remain high, as perceived by unit managers, regardless of unit type. Proportion of units offering nicotine replacement therapy and peer support to patients was significantly higher in locked units compared to semi-locked or residential rehabilitation. Applied strategies significantly vary by type of unit, whereas unit managers’ knowledge, attitude and practices vary by their smoking status. Discussion: There are nuanced differences in how smoke-free policy is enacted which vary by unit type. These variations recognise the differing contexts of care provision in different types of units serving different patient groups. Addressing staff smoking rates, promoting consistency of staff response to patients’ smoking and providing staff education and support continue to be key strategies to successful smoke-free policy. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the importance of taking into account the type of unit and acuity of patients when enacting smoke-free policy and addressing staff smoking.
Fuel for Success
Authors: Wang Xueli , Chan Hsun-yu , Phelps L. Allen , Washbon Janet I. 
Published: March 2015

Objective: Despite the fairly substantial body of literature devoted to understanding whether dual enrollment programs are related to academic success in college, less is known regarding how dual enrollment transmits its potentially positive influence, especially among two-year college students. In this study, we fill this gap by delving into the process of how dual enrollment is related to academic success among students attending two-year technical colleges. Specifically, we examine academic momentum as a potential mediator of the relationship between dual enrollment and educational outcomes. Methods: We draw on a sample of more than 15,000 first-time postsecondary students who entered Wisconsin’s two-year technical colleges in 2009 to 2010 after graduating from high school between 2007 and 2009. Using a path analysis, we investigate student transcript records, along with data from the National Student Clearinghouse. Results: Participation in dual enrollment is found to be related to more attempted credits, higher likelihood of college entry without delay, summer enrollment, as well as stronger academic performance. These early academic momentum indicators are then positively related to students’ college completion or retention, fully accounting for the positive relationship between dual enrollment participation and college outcomes. Contributions: Our study provides a finer look into two-year college students’ academic progress and success and how dual enrollment may fuel this process by promoting students’ academic momentum early during their college careers.
Blunted autonomic response in cluster headache patients
Authors: Barloese Mads , Brinth Louise , Mehlsen Jesper , Jennum Poul , Lundberg Helena Inez Sofia , Jensen Rigmor 
Published: March 2015

Background Cluster headache (CH) is a disabling headache disorder with chronobiological features. The posterior hypothalamus is involved in CH pathophysiology and is a hub for autonomic control. We studied autonomic response to the head-up tilt table test (HUT) including heart rate variability (HRV) in CH patients and compared results to healthy controls. Methods and materials Twenty-seven episodic and chronic CH patients and an equal number of age-, sex- and BMI-matched controls were included. We analyzed responses to HUT in the time and frequency domain and by non-linear analysis. Results CH patients have normal cardiovascular responses compared to controls but increased blood pressure. In the frequency analysis CH patients had a smaller change in the normalized low- (LF) (2.89 vs. 13.38, p < 0.05) and high-frequency (HF) (–2.86 vs. –13.38, p < 0.05) components as well as the LF/HF ratio (0.81 vs. 2.62, p < 0.05) in response to tilt. In the Poincaré plot, the change in ratio between long- and short-term variation was lower in patients (SD1/SD2, –0.05 vs. –0.17, p < 0.05). Conclusions CH patients show decreased autonomic response to HUT compared to healthy controls. This can be interpreted as dysregulation in the posterior hypothalamus and supports a theory of central autonomic mechanisms involvement in CH.
Lived experiences of multimorbidity: An interpretative meta-synthesis of patients’, general practitioners’ and trainees’ perceptions
Authors: Cottrell Elizabeth , Yardley Sarah 
Published: March 2015

Objectives Multimorbidity is an increasing challenge. Better understanding of lived experiences of patients, general practitioners and trainees, may advance patient care and medical education. This interpretative meta-synthesis sought to (i) understand lived experiences of patients, general practitioners and trainees regarding multimorbidity, (ii) identify how similarities and differences in experiences should shape future solutions. Methods Empirical studies containing qualitative data and pertaining to lived experiences from our recent realist synthesis (PROSPERO 2013:CRD42013003862) were included. Following quality assessment, data were extracted from key studies to build an integrated analytic framework. Data from remaining studies were utilised to expand and refine the framework through thematic analysis of concepts within and between perspectives. Results Twenty-one papers were included in the meta-synthesis. Analysis of 70 concepts produced five themes: (1) goals of care and decision making, (2) complexity, (3) meeting expectations, (4) logistics and (5) interpersonal dynamics. The complexities of multimorbidity lead to shared feelings of vulnerability, uncertainty and enforced compromises. Barriers to optimal care–education included system constraints, inadequate continuity and role uncertainty. Discussion There was little evidence of shared discussion of these challenges. Addressing these issues and more explicit exploration of the experiences of each group during interactions may improve delivery and satisfaction in care and education.
How I treat postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Pavord Sue , Maybury Helena 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Worldwide, ∼800 women die every day from preventable causes related to pregnancy or childbirth. The single most common cause is severe bleeding, which can kill a healthy woman within hours if care is substandard or delayed. Improved antenatal practices have led to the early identification of at-risk women and modern technology and new techniques have enabled effective management strategies so that now, in the western world, most of the morbidity and mortality arises from those cases which occur unexpectedly and could not have been predicted. Prompt and effective management and multidisciplinary involvement is paramount to save the lives of these women. We use a case report to illustrate and discuss the main elements of management of this condition.
Hydrindacenes as Versatile Supramolecular Scaffolds
Authors: Kawai Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This report describes the synthesis and structural features of supramolecular assemblies of s-hydrindacene (1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-s-indacene), such as macrocycles with directionally persistent peripheral functionality, allosteric receptors, adrenaline receptors, and rotaxane molecular shuttles. These hydrindacene-based assemblies also exhibit allostericity due to induced polarization of amides or to entropy-driven switching between the imine and hydrogen bonds.
Graph-Theoretical Modelling of Stability Constants of Copper(II) Complexes with Tripeptides Containing Glycine, Glutamic acid, and Histidine
Authors: Miličević Ante , Raos Nenad 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Logarithms of stability constants, log β, of copper(II) complexes with tripeptides containing glycine, glutamic acid, and histidine were modelled with 3χv connectivity index. The model developed on complexes with tripeptides formed of Gly and Glu yielded S.E. = 0.47, 0.38, and 0.55, depending on whether CuL, CuH−1L, or CuH−2L complexes were taken as referent. The model was also applied to complexes with tripeptides containing His, S.E. = 1.47, 1.39, and 1.80. Although a somewhat worse result for G/E/H tripeptide complexes, much bigger range of their log β’s (29.648), in contrast to 16.671 for G/E tripeptide complexes, has to be borne in mind.
Fastener Effect on Uniaxial Chemical Pressure for One-Dimensional Spin-Crossover System, [FeII(NH2-trz)3](CnH2n+1SO3)2·xH2O: Magnetostructural Correlation and Ligand Field Analysis
Authors: Kamebuchi Hajime , Nakamoto Akio , Yokoyama Toshihiko , Kojima Norimichi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
One-dimensional spin-crossover (SCO) polymers of formula [FeII(NH2-trz)3](CnH2n+1SO3)2·xH2O (trz: 4-substituted-1,2,4-triazole; n = 1–9) have been synthesized. They displayed hysteretic SCO transition around 280–350 K. The spin transition temperatures (T1/2) in the heating and cooling processes increased, and the hysteresis width became narrower with increasing alkyl chain length (n). From the analysis of EXAFS, the nearest-neighbor Fe–Fe distance decreased with increasing n, and it had a close relationship with T1/2. This is highly indicative of the increase of intrachain interaction of [FeII(NH2-trz)3] with n being attributed to the uniaxial chemical pressure effect induced by van der Waals force between alkyl chains, so-called “fastener effect.” To elucidate the physicochemical effect on T1/2, the ligand field and Racah parameter (B) were estimated by analysing the pre-edge region in Fe-K edge XANES spectra based on the ligand-field theory. B decreased with increasing n, which was closely consistent with the behavior of T1/2 and 57Fe Mössbauer isomer shift (IS). Judging from these results, a covalency between FeII 3d and ligand π* orbital is enhanced by the fastener effect, leading to the expansion of the 3d orbital, i.e. the remarkable decrease of B and IS, which is the dominating factor on T1/2 in our system.
Research roundup: March 2015
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: March 2015

In brief ▪ Certain antibiotics may increase the risk of sudden death among older patients taking spironolactone ▪ Heavy use of anticholinergics—including some over-the-counter treatments—seems to increase the likelihood of the development of Alzheimer's disease ▪ Gastroesophageal reflux disease may promote exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients who do not regularly take acid suppressants ▪ Pregnancy is eight times more common among women using copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) compared with levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs
Mainstream media and national identity constructions: A commentary on Kathleen Buddle’s ‘Consolidating codes: “Technosociability” and Winnipeg’s NDN youth networks’
Authors: Giang Vivian 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Kathleen Buddle’s contribution ‘Consolidating codes: “Technosociability” and Winnipeg’s NDN youth networks’ to this special issue on minority media pursues a different and special track as it deals with the impact of the media on minorities, in this case Canada’s First Nations, and how Photovoice/film-making projects empowered marginalized youth in Manitoba. In addition, it addresses the mission of the Journal of Applied Journalism and Media Studies as it attempts to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Vivian Giang comments on Buddle’s article and sheds more light on the role of alternative media not only in preserving minority identity, but also in contributing to national mainstream media.
Environmental ethics and Indigenous identity in Wawatay News
Authors: Riggins Stephen Harold 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter is a discourse analysis of news stories about mining in northern Ontario, which were published in the Indigenous newspaper Wawatay News. It examines the claim that the traditional environmental knowledge of the Indigenous populations in North America functions as an ethnic symbol distinguishing First Nations people from other Canadians. It was found that few news stories about mining in 2011 in the territory of the readers of Wawatay News portrayed a modern version of traditional environmental knowledge. Instead, the dominant discourse in most stories was a conservative environmental ethic consistent with Euro-Canadian values. In conclusion, it is argued that the dominant environmental discourse of Wawatay News reflects the weak organizational structure of Indigenous newspapers in Canada.