bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guest Editor's Introduction—Expansive Trajectories: Remapping Transnationalism in the Global China Era
Authors: Martin Fran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This introductory article reflects critically on the history of Chinese transnationalism studies in relation to intensifying cross-border engagements by PR Chinese state and nonstate actors today. Revisiting 1990s scholarship on Chinese transnationalism(s), it argues that the global China concept helps us attend to the significant impacts of China’s economic and geopolitical rise on earlier patterns of transborder cultural flows, hence to the ways that new patterns can be interpreted. The article considers the continuities and tensions the seven articles in this issue elucidate between state-led transnationalism “from above” and the myriad forms of transnationalism “from below” instantiated in the lived experiences of ordinary people. From an ethnographic perspective, this issue considers a wide range of transnational movements affecting cultural life within and beyond the PRC, investigating how these intensified transborder flows are reconfiguring social identities this century. Three core themes emerge: the often unpredictable responses to state initiatives by Chinese people living transnational lives; the transnationalization of class reproduction for both working-class and middle-class subjects as a consequence of new cross-border flows; and the revitalization of old forms of racism and the emergence of new ones as a result of evolving transnational mobilities of Chinese media, people, and capital today.
Clashing Gender in the Age of Transnational Infrastructural Capitalism: The Vocational Education and Subject Making of China's Future Workers
Authors: Koo Anita , Pun Ngai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Accompanying the “China Dream” as a symbol of the advent of Chinese transnational infrastructural capitalism, a new project of subject making is emerging: an increasing number of Chinese youth, especially those from working-class backgrounds, have entered the expanded urban vocational education system for training as future workers. As a national project attempting to (re)invent educated, skilled labor subjects to serve the state goal of industrial upgrading, vocational education is geared toward entrance into the labor market, producing valuable “marketable subjects” specifically for the enhancement of the export manufacturing sector and a new service sector now increasingly extending to overseas markets. Engaging in a participatory action project in vocational schools between 2016 and 2019, this article’s authors studied students’ learning experiences and examined how the larger structural, political, economic, and cultural forces shape the girls’ and boys’ educational and occupational decisions. To understand the subject making of young Chinese workers, the concept of “clashing gender” is used to illustrate how gender plays a central yet conflicted role, torn between forces of state, market, school, and individual desire, during these young people’s years of vocational training. The article thus illustrates how the postsocialist state’s linking of China’s new economic sectors into the circuits of transnational capitalism produces intimately gendered and subjective effects for working-class youth.
Continuity and Disjuncture: The Translocal-Transnational Experiences of Chinese Skilled Trade Workers in Western Australia
Authors: Gong Qian , Wu Huan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Research on transnational migration from China since the 1990s has focused on stories about highly educated, skilled migrants. Little research has been done about the transnational migration of skilled trade workers who moved from China to Western countries. This article endeavors to analyze the experiences of this cohort through a case study of skilled trade workers who migrated to the state of Western Australia (WA) from China in the early 2000s. The life trajectories of these workers saw them migrate from villages to cities in China and then from Chinese cities to WA. By conducting semistructured in-depth interviews with eleven skilled trade workers, this study has found that trade workers’ translocal and transnational experiences should be viewed as a continuous process with both consistencies and discontinuities between the two scales of mobility. International migration strengthens the economic capital of these workers in their new context. Although the sense of social status disparity in internal migration is reduced, the language barrier becomes more salient. The workers have developed a dependence on bonding social capital by using social media to maintain their social networks in their host and home countries. These migration narratives demonstrate new modes of transnational mobility emerging from China’s rise on the global stage and the fluidity and mutability of class identities and personal capital in transnational migration.
Caught between Two Transnationalisms: Mainland Chinese Students’ Emotional Conflicts in Recent Hong Kong Protests
Authors: Song Lin , Liu Shih-Diing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article discusses minor transnationalism in China through a case study of mainland students’ emotional conflicts in the recent Hong Kong protests. Examining the emotional representations and experiences of mainland students through analysis of media texts and interviews, the article explains how their experiences are a product of tensions between two competing Chinese transnationalisms in Hong Kong against a backdrop of China’s rise. Further unpacking the ways in which mainland students negotiate both nationalist and localist politics through their cross-border mobility, the article reflects on the possibility of a minor transnational positionality that decenters statist configurations of identity. It argues that the case of mainland students in Hong Kong illuminates how a hybridized political subject could emerge amid the effects of the new, Sino-centric version of Chinese transnationalism.
From Golden Venture to Golden Visas: The Reenchantment of Culture and Flexible Citizenship in a Nativist World
Authors: Nyíri Pál , Beck Fanni 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Since the 1980s, China has become the source of a new type of international migration. In the liberal world of the 1990s, Chinese migrants became the epitome of “flexible citizenship” aimed at maximizing economic advantages. In the postliberal world of which a powerful, affluent, and repressive China is a key player, however, middle-class migrants increasingly leave China to pursue a better life defined in nonmaterial terms such as cultural authenticity, environmental purity, social solidarity, and individual freedom. As a new wave of middle-class migrants relocates to semiperipheral European destinations like Hungary, they seek refuge from the pressures of a society they see as polluted, competitive, and overly materialistic. Counterintuitively, some of these aspirations chime in with nativist ideologies espoused by the populists in their chosen homes.
China Anxiety: Deracializing Debates about Housing and Education
Authors: Ho Christina , Rogers Dallas , Nelson Jacqueline 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The rise of China and the rapid expansion of its middle class are having far-reaching impacts around the world. In Australia all manner of economic, social, and political issues are now infused with an anxiety about Chinese influence. This article explores two arenas that have to date received less public attention: the role of Chinese migrants and Chinese capital in Australian housing and education. In Australia and elsewhere, there is growing competition for desirable places in both the housing and education markets. In this competition, “Chinese” individuals are often seen as being “too successful.” In housing, the “Chinese” are successful in making strategic real estate purchases. In education, Chinese migrants’ children dominate enrollments in high-performing selective schools, and perform disproportionately well in standardized tests. In both areas, public debates have included expressions of anxiety and resentment at “others” taking up valuable positions in these increasingly competitive markets. This article documents how the growth of new Chinese mobilities, in the form of people and capital, has been enabled by Australian government policies attempting to engage with a rising China. In the process, however, these new mobilities have generated anxieties about “locals” being left behind. These anxieties reflect larger-scale concerns about the shifting world order, with the Chinese ascension threatening the dominance of Western powers, as well as concerns about new class formations locally.
Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for “Trial-Ineligible” Chronic Subdural Hematomas
Authors: Ma Li , Hoz Samer S. , Doheim Mohamed F. , Fadhil Ali , Sultany Abdullah , Al-Bayati Alhamza R. , Nogueira Raul G. , Lang Michael J. , Gross Bradley A. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The benefit of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) has been recently demonstrated in a series of clinical trials. Whether MMAE benefits “trial-ineligible” patients remains elusive. We thus sought to explore the potential benefit of MMAE in neurologically stable (modified Rankin Scale ≤3) patients with “trial-ineligible” CSDHs because of large size: Thickness >15 mm and/or midline shift ≥5 mm.

METHODS:
A prospectively maintained database was reviewed to identify trial-ineligible CSDHs undergoing standalone MMAE. Surgical rescue rate, hematoma resolution, and neurological deterioration after hematoma progression were evaluated and compared with trial-eligible counterparts. Effect sizes were adjusted for demographic, clinical, and radiological features using multivariable regression.

RESULTS:
Of 150 standalone MMAE procedures, 92 (61%) were performed in “trial-ineligible” cases: 41% with CSDH thickness >15 mm, 21% with midline shift ≥5 mm, and 38% with both. The surgical rescue rate was 7.6% in the trial-ineligible cohort. Over a median follow-up of 62.5 days, 88.9% cases achieved satisfactory hematoma resolution (≥50% in thickness); 76% had satisfactory resolution at 90-day follow-up. Antithrombotic resumption was a risk factor for surgical rescue (adjusted odds ratio 9.64 [95% CI, 1.33-69.74]; P = .02). Surgical rescue and hematoma resolution did not significantly differ between trial-ineligible and trial-eligible cohorts (P = .87 for surgical rescue rate and P = .85 for hematoma resolution rate).

CONCLUSION:
This study emphasizes the considerable prevalence of potentially “trial-ineligible” patients with CSDHs because of large size that may still benefit from standalone MMAE.
A change in cis-regulatory logic underlying obligate versus facultative muscle multinucleation in chordates
Authors: Johnson Christopher J. , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Haifeng , Shang Renjie , Piekarz Katarzyna M. , Bi Pengpeng , Stolfi Alberto 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Vertebrates and tunicates are sister groups that share a common fusogenic factor, Myomaker (Mymk), that drives myoblast fusion and muscle multinucleation. Yet they are divergent in when and where they express Mymk. In vertebrates, all developing skeletal muscles express Mymk and are obligately multinucleated. In tunicates, Mymk is expressed only in post-metamorphic multinucleated muscles, but is absent from mononucleated larval muscles. In this study, we demonstrate that cis-regulatory sequence differences in the promoter region of Mymk underlie the different spatiotemporal patterns of its transcriptional activation in tunicates and vertebrates. Although in vertebrates myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) such as MyoD1 alone are required and sufficient for Mymk transcription in all skeletal muscles, we show that transcription of Mymk in post-metamorphic muscles of the tunicate Ciona requires the combinatorial activity of MRF, MyoD and Early B-cell Factor (Ebf). This macroevolutionary difference appears to be encoded in cis, likely due to the presence of a putative Ebf-binding site adjacent to predicted MRF binding sites in the Ciona Mymk promoter. We further discuss how Mymk and myoblast fusion might have been regulated in the last common ancestor of tunicates and vertebrates, for which we propose two models.
Dual-ring resonator design for enhanced thermal isolation and optical performance
Authors: Dede Ercan M. , Wang Jiahui , Schmalenberg Paul D. , Rodrigues Sean P. , Fan Shanhui 
Published: August 2024

We report on the design of a dual-ring resonator for enhanced thermal isolation between rings and associated improved optical performance. Two 20 µm diameter silicon (Si) ring resonators, each embedded in silicon dioxide (SiO2) and having a semi-circular arc-shaped overclad heater, are spaced apart by 200 nm as a base configuration. The optimization of the topology of a surrounding 4 µm deep custom air trench results in a 10.3°C increase in the steady-state average temperature of a specified heated ring relative to the thermal performance of the baseline structure. An additional thermal isolation trench between rings in combination with a thermally conductive overlay structure is also investigated and shown to provide further enhanced anisotropic heat flow control and device transient response. From an optical perspective, the custom trench plus thermal overlay strategy for heat transfer enhancement reduces the throughput at the device drop port by −3.36 dB across the double-ring structure and produces a 37% larger difference between ring resonances when comparing performance with a simply heated, non-etched device design.
Efficient mass manufacturing of high-density, ultra-low-loss Si3N4 photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Ji Xinru , Ning Wang Rui , Liu Yang , Riemensberger Johann , Qiu Zheru , Kippenberg Tobias J. 
Published: August 2024

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) photonic integrated circuits (PICs) offer significant advantages over traditional silicon photonics, including low loss and superior power handling at optical communication wavelength bands. To facilitate high-density integration and effective nonlinearity, the use of thick, stoichiometric Si3N4 films is crucial. However, when using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) to achieve high optical material transparency, Si3N4 films exhibit large tensile stress on the order of GPa, leading to wafer cracking that challenges mass production. Methods for crack prevention are therefore essential. The photonic Damascene process has addressed this issue, attaining record low-loss Si3N4 PICs, but it lacks control of the waveguide height, leading to large random variations of waveguide dispersion and unpredictable spectrum responses of critical functional devices such as optical couplers. Conversely, subtractive processes achieve better dimension control but rely on techniques unsuitable for large-scale production. To date, an outstanding challenge is to attain both lithographic precision and ultra-low loss in high-confinement Si3N4 PICs that are compatible with large-scale foundry manufacturing. Here, we present a single-step deposited, DUV-based subtractive method for producing wafer-scale ultra-low-loss Si3N4 PICs that harmonize these necessities. By employing deep etching of densely distributed, interconnected trenches into the substrate, we effectively mitigate the tensile stress in the Si3N4 layer, enabling direct deposition of thick films without cracking and substantially prolonged storage duration. A secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis reveals that these deep trenches simultaneously serve as gettering centers for metal impurities, in particular copper, thereby reducing the absorption loss in Si3N4 waveguides. Lastly, we identify ultraviolet (UV)-radiation-induced damage that can be remedied through a rapid thermal annealing. Collectively, we develop ultra-low-loss Si3N4 microresonators and 0.5-m-long spiral waveguides with losses down to 1.4 dB/m at 1550 nm with high production yield. This work addresses the long-standing challenges toward scalable and cost-effective production of tightly confined, low-loss Si3N4 PICs as used for quantum photonics, large-scale linear and nonlinear photonics, photonic computing, and narrow-linewidth lasers.
Professionelle Softwareentwicklung mit Low Code optimieren – eine Fallstudie
Authors: Baumgarten Christoph , Endl Rainer , Stich Silvan 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Fähigkeit, benötigte Softwareapplikationen effizient bereitstellen zu können, ist für Unternehmen heute ein kritischer Erfolgsfaktor. Gefragt sind signifikante Produktivitätsfortschritte für die professionelle Applikationsentwicklung; einen Lösungsansatz hierzu versprechen sog. Low-Code-Plattformen. Die vorliegende Fallstudie vergleicht zwei mit Low Code durchgeführte Softwareentwicklungsprojekte. Ausgehend von den Low-Code-getriebenen erwartbaren Optimierungspotenzialen wird analysiert, welche Einflussfaktoren eine gelungene Realisierung dieser Potenziale in den Projekten sicherstellen. Eruierte Einflussfaktoren sind: die adäquate Verwendung plattformseitig angebotener Abstraktionsebenen, die Nutzung Low-Code-spezifischer Zusammenarbeitsformen, eine strategische Plattformpositionierung, die Vermeidung statischer Anwendungsszenarien, ein internes Citizen Development auf Anbietendenseite und die richtige Plattformwahl.
Health-related quality of life and hypertension in people with HIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy in Uganda
Authors: Batte Charles , Semulimi Andrew Weil , Mukisa John , Nakabuye Mariam , Nidoi Jasper , Mukunya David , Ratanshi Rosalind Parkes , Castelnuovo Barbara , Lamorde Mohammed , Meya David , Checkley William , Kalyesubula Robert , Siddharthan Trishul , Babigumira Joseph B. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
The presence of hypertension could reduce the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with HIV (PWH). Yet, literature describing the HRQoL of PWH who have hypertension in Uganda is scarce making the design of locally adapted interventions cumbersome. In our study, we compared HRQoL scores of people with HIV with and without hypertension on long term antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Uganda.

Methods
We recruited 149 PWH with hypertension and 159 PWH without hypertension in the long-term ART cohort at an urban clinic in Kampala, Uganda. Data on socio-demographics were collected using an interviewer designed questionnaire while data on the World Health Organisation clinical stage viral load and CD4 count as well as ART duration were extracted from clinic electronic database and a generic EuroQol -5D- 5L (EQ-5D- 5L) and Medical Outcome Study (MOS-HIV) questionnaire used to collect HRQoL data. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics while inferential statistics were used to determine associations between key variables and HRQoL. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare HRQoL between groups of interest.

Results
One hundred ninety (61.7%) participants were female. PWH who had hypertension were older (Mean ± SD: 53.7 ± 8.3 vs 49.9 ± 8.6, p value <0.001) than those without hypertension. Participants with hypertension had lower overall median health utility scores (0.71 (0.33–0.80) vs 0.80 (0.44–0.80), p value = 0.029) and mean physical health score (48.44 ± 10.17 vs 51.44 ± 9.65, p value < 0.001) as opposed to those without hypertension. Hypertension (p value = 0.023), high income status, >70,000 UGX, (p value = 0.044), disclosure of the HIV status of the participants to their partner (p value = 0.026), and current history of smoking (p value = 0.029) were associated with low HRQoL scores.

Conclusion
Among people with HIV, those with hypertension had lower HRQoL compared to those without. This calls for inclusion of quality-of-life assessment in the management of PWH who have been diagnosed with hypertension to identify those at risk and plan early interventions.
Mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events after glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist initiation in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and type 2 diabetes: A population-based study
Authors: Karacabeyli Derin , Lacaille Diane , Lu Na , McCormick Natalie , Xie Hui , Choi Hyon K. , Aviña-Zubieta J. Antonio 
Published: August 2024

Objective
To assess the risk of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and type 2 diabetes newly initiating glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RAs) versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is).

Methods
We performed a population-based cohort study using administrative health data from British Columbia. Patients with an IMID (i.e., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic disease, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, or a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease) and type 2 diabetes who newly initiated a GLP-1-RA or DPP-4i between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2021 were identified using ICD-9/10 codes. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included MACE and its components (i.e., cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke). Cox proportional hazard regressions were used with propensity score overlap weighting. The analysis was repeated in age- and sex-matched adults without IMIDs.

Results
We identified 10,855 adults with IMIDs and type 2 diabetes who newly initiated a GLP-1-RA or DPP-4i. All-cause mortality rate was lower among initiators of GLP-1-RAs compared to initiators of DPP-4is, with a weighted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31–0.75) and rate difference (RD) of -9.4 (95% CI, -16.0 to -2.7) per 1000 person-years. Rate of MACE was also lower with GLP-1-RA exposure (HR 0.66 [0.50–0.88], RD -10.5 [-20.4 to -0.8]). Effect sizes were similar in adults without IMIDs.

Conclusion
In patients with IMIDs and type 2 diabetes, GLP-1-RA exposure is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality and MACE compared to a cardioneutral active comparator.