bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of medium composition for 3‐hydroxycarboxylic acid production by Pseudomonas mendocina–biodegraded polyhydroxybutyrate
Authors: Wang Zhanyong , Mao Hailong , Liu Huifang , Su Tingting , Jiang Husheng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe optimized the culture medium for 3‐hydroxycarboxylic acid production by Pseudomonas mendocina DS‐04‐T–biodegraded polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) using the Plackett–Burman design, steepest ascent method, and Box–Behnken design. The optimized concentrations of the constituents of the culture medium were as follows: PHB (7.57 g/L), NH4Cl (5.0 g/L), KH2PO4 (2.64 g/L), Na2HPO4·12H2O (12 g/L), MgSO4·7H2O (0.5 g/L), and CaCl2·2H2O (5 mg/L). The yield of 3‐hydroxycarboxylic acid obtained using the optimized culture medium was 56.8 ± 1.64%, which was 2.5‐fold higher than that obtained when the unoptimized culture medium was used.
Novel validated spectrofluorimetric methods for the determination of taurine in energy drinks and human urine
Authors: Sharaf El Din M. K. , Wahba M. E. K. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTTwo sensitive, selective, economic and validated spectrofluorimetric methods were developed for the determination of taurine in energy drinks and spiked human urine. Method Ι is based on fluorimetric determination of the amino acid through its reaction with Hantzsch reagent to form a highly fluorescent product measured at 490 nm after excitation at 419 nm. Method ΙΙ is based on the reaction of taurine with tetracyanoethylene yielding a fluorescent charge transfer complex, which was measured at λex/em of (360 nm/450 nm). The proposed methods were subjected to detailed validation procedures, and were statistically compared with the reference method, where the results obtained were in good agreement. Method Ι was further applied to determine taurine in energy drinks and spiked human urine giving promising results. Moreover, the stoichiometry of the reactions was studied, and reaction mechanisms were postulated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of hybrid virus‐like particles to enhance the immunogenicity of a broadly protective HPV vaccine
Authors: Tyler Mitchell , Tumban Ebenezer , Peabody David S. , Chackerian Bryce 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTVirus‐like particles (VLPs) can serve as a highly immunogenic vaccine platform for the multivalent display of epitopes from pathogens. We have used bacteriophage VLPs to develop vaccines that target a highly conserved epitope from the human papillomavirus (HPV) minor capsid protein, L2.VLPs displaying an L2‐peptide from HPV16 elicit antibodies that broadly neutralize infection by HPV types associated with the development of cervical cancer. To broaden the cross‐neutralization further, we have developed a strategy to display two different peptides on a single, hybrid VLP in a multivalent, highly immunogenic fashion. In general, hybrid VLPs elicited high‐titer antibody responses against both targets, although in one case we observed an immunodominant response against only one of the displayed epitopes. Immunization with hybrid particles elicited antibodies that were able to neutralize heterologous HPV types at higher titers than those elicited by particles displaying one epitope alone, indicating that the hybrid VLP approach may be an effective technique to target epitopes that undergo antigenic variation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2398–2406. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Das Leuchten der Pflanzen
Authors: Burkart Andreas , Wrobel T.J. , Räsch A. , Rascher U. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn dieser Studie demonstrieren wir, wie man mit einfachen Mitteln, durch Visualisierung der Chlorophyllfluoreszenz, Einblicke in die Dynamik der Photosynthese erhält. Mithilfe eines Rotfilters und einer speziellen blauen Lampe wird das rote Leuchten der Chlorophyllfluoreszenz für das Auge oder eine normale Digitalkamera wahrnehmbar. Die Methode gibt nicht nur Forschern die Möglichkeit, Fluoreszenz auf die denkbar einfachste Weise direkt visuell wahrzunehmen, sondern ist durch den einfachen Aufbau und die direkte Informationsvermittlung optimal didaktisch einsetzbar.
Determination and pharmacokinetics of linarin in rat plasma after intramuscular administration of linarin solution and Yejuhua injection by HPLC
Authors: Zhao Xu , Mao Xin , Xu Xuan , Li Xiaolong , Bi Kaishun , Jia Ying 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA simple and sensitive HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of linarin in rat plasma. Plasma samples were carried out by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and separated on a Shim‐pack VP‐ODS analytical column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm). The calibration curve was linear in the measured range of 20.8–4160 ng/mL and the lower limit of quantification was 20.8 ng/mL for linarin. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of linarin in rat plasma after intramuscular administration of monomeric compound and traditional Chinese medicinal preparation – Yejuhua injection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of two parental imprinted miRNAs improves the risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients
Authors: Gattolliat Charles‐Henry , Le Teuff Gwénaël , Combaret Valérie , Mussard Eugénie , Valteau‐Couanet Dominique , Busson Pierre , Bénard Jean , Douc‐Rasy Sétha 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAge at diagnosis, stage, and MYCN amplification are the cornerstones of the risk‐stratification score of neuroblastoma that enables defining patients at low‐ and high risk. Refinement of this stratification is needed to optimize standard treatment and to plan future clinical trials. We investigated whether two parental imprinted miRNAs (miR‐487b and miR‐516a‐5p) may lead to a risk score with a better discrimination. Expression levels of maternal miR‐487b and paternal miR‐516a‐5p were determined using quantitative RT‐PCR both for 231 neuroblastoma tumors (derivation set) and 101 independent neuroblastoma tumors (validation set). Survival outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). Multivariable Cox models were developed from derivation set and their performance evaluated using Akaike's information criterion (AIC) (goodness‐of‐fit) and time‐dependent area under curves (discrimination). The selected model was validated using internal and external validation. The prognostic model including current prognostic factors plus miR‐487b, miR‐516a‐5p, and interaction between two miRNAs was selected. Performance of this model was better in terms of both predictive ability (smallest AIC) and discrimination power (AUC close to 0.70). This model identifies three risk groups: high (3), intermediate (2), and low (1). Hazard ratios (HR) across risk groups were HR2/1 = 6.3 (2.7–14.6), HR3/1 = 14.8 (7.2–30.2) for OS and HR2/1 = 2.8 (1.5–5.4), HR3/1 = 7.2 (3.9–13.4) for DFS. The rank between these three risk groups was maintained and validated when performing internal and external validation. Expression of maternal miR‐487b and paternal miR‐516a‐5p improves the risk stratification. This better discrimination at diagnosis is of clinical utility both for current and future treatments of neuroblastoma patients.
Replacement of Highly Conserved E222 by the Photostable Non‐photoconvertible Histidine in GFP
Authors: Auerbach Dagmar , Klein Martin , Franz Silke , Carius Yvonne , Lancaster C. Roy D. , Jung Gregor 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe widely used green fluorescent protein (GFP) decarboxylates upon irradiation; this involves removal of the acidic function of the glutamic acid at position 222, thereby resulting in the irreversible photoconversion of GFP. To suppress this phenomenon, the photostable, non‐photoconvertible histidine was introduced at position 222 in GFP. The variant E222H shows negligible photodynamic processes and high expression yield. In addition, the stable and bright fluorescence over a wide pH range makes the E222H protein an alternative for GFP in fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy. Other fluorescent proteins are predicted to benefit from replacement of the catalytic glutamic acid by histidine.
A Hybrid Supercapacitor based on Porous Carbon and the Metal‐Organic Framework MIL‐100(Fe)
Authors: Campagnol Nicolò , Romero‐Vara Ricardo , Deleu Willem , Stappers Linda , Binnemans Koen , De Vos Dirk E. , Fransaer Jan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractComposite supercapacitor electrodes based on carbon nanotubes, carbon black, and a metal–organic framework with iron(III) coordination centers [MIL‐100(Fe), MIL‐88B(Fe), or MIL‐53(Fe)] were prepared and tested with several aqueous electrolytes. A correlation between hydrated ion size and the electric response of the electrodes was found, which sheds light on how these materials work as energy‐storage devices. MIL‐100(Fe) shows the most promising results, and the capacitance obtained with the samples in the solutions used is higher than that of a mixture of carbon and nanotubes in the same solution. Unfortunately, shortcomings due to reductive dissolution still hamper the long‐term cyclability of the electrodes.
Protonation Switching to the Least‐Basic Heteroatom of Carbamate through Cationic Hydrogen Bonding Promotes the Formation of Isocyanate Cations
Authors: Kurouchi Hiroaki , Sumita Akinari , Otani Yuko , Ohwada Tomohiko 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe found that phenethylcarbamates that bear ortho‐salicylate as an ether group (carbamoyl salicylates) dramatically accelerate OC bond dissociation in strong acid to facilitate generation of isocyanate cation (N‐protonated isocyanates), which undergo subsequent intramolecular aromatic electrophilic cyclization to give dihydroisoquinolones. To generate isocyanate cations from carbamates in acidic media as electrophiles for aromatic substitution, protonation at the ether oxygen, the least basic heteroatom, is essential to promote CO bond cleavage. However, the carbonyl oxygen of carbamates, the most basic site, is protonated exclusively in strong acids. We found that the protonation site can be shifted to an alternative basic atom by linking methyl salicylate to the ether oxygen of carbamate. The methyl ester oxygen ortho to the phenolic (ether) oxygen of salicylate is as basic as the carbamate carbonyl oxygen, and we found that monoprotonation at the methyl ester oxygen in strong acid resulted in the formation of an intramolecular cationic hydrogen bond (>CO+H⋅⋅⋅O<) with the phenolic ether oxygen. This facilitates OC bond dissociation of phenethylcarbamates, thereby promoting isocyanate cation formation. In contrast, superacid‐mediated diprotonation at the methyl ester oxygen of the salicylate and the carbonyl oxygen of the carbamate afforded a rather stable dication, which did not readily undergo CO bond dissociation. This is an unprecedented and unknown case in which the monocation has greater reactivity than the dication.
Boronate Affinity Monolith with a Gold Nanoparticle‐Modified Hydrophilic Polymer as a Matrix for the Highly Specific Capture of Glycoproteins
Authors: Wu Ci , Liang Yu , Zhao Qun , Qu Yanyan , Zhang Shen , Wu Qi , Liang Zhen , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Yukui 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAs low abundance is the great obstacle for glycoprotein analysis, the development of materials with high efficiency and selectivity for glycoprotein enrichment is a prerequisite in glycoproteome research. Herein, we report a new kind of hydrophilic boronate affinity monolith by attaching 4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) with 2‐mercaptoethylamine (MPA) on the gold nanoparticle‐modified poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate)) monolith for glycoprotein enrichment. With poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as the cross‐linker and the further modification of gold nanoparticles, the matrix has advantages of good hydrophilicity and enhanced surface area, which are beneficial to improve the enrichment selectivity and efficiency for glycoproteins. The attachment of MPBA and MPA provide intramolecular BN coordination, which could further enhance the specificity of glycoprotein capture. Such a boronate affinity monolith was applied to enrich horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from the mixture of HRP and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and high selectivity was obtained even at a mass ratio of 1:1000. In addition, the binding capacity of ovalbumin on such monolith reached 390 μg g−1. Furthermore, the average recovery of HRP on the prepared affinity monoliths was (84.8±1.9) %, obtained in three times enrichment with the same column. Finally, the boronate affinity monolith was successfully applied for the human‐plasma glycoproteome analysis. As a result, 160 glycoproteins were credibly identified from 9 μg of human plasma, demonstrating the great potential of such a monolith for large‐scale glycoproteome research.
CAPE‐OPEN: Interoperability in Industrial Flowsheet Simulation Software
Authors: van Baten Jasper , Pons Michel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractChemical process modelling and simulation are widely used in process industries to progress in the understanding and in the improvement of many processes. Due to the complexity and variety of these processes, several pieces of software are often needed to model a given process, hence requiring interoperability between software. CAPE‐OPEN is an industry standard for interoperability between process simulation software. Compared to proprietary interfaces of software applications, CAPE‐OPEN allows for less overhead on programming and maintenance, fast access to market and a common basis for collaboration in joint projects.
CD117: A novel ancillary marker for papillary thyroid carcinoma in fine‐needle aspiration biopsies
Authors: Pusztaszeri Marc P. , Sadow Peter M. , Faquin William C. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDc‐KIT/CD117 down‐regulation has been described in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In this study, the authors investigated CD117 as an ancillary immunocytochemical test for PTC in fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB).METHODSThe expression of CD117 was assessed in cytologic samples of histologically confirmed classic PTC (n = 35) and in a control group of benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) (n = 30) using immunocytochemistry. The corresponding PTCs and BTNs from surgical resection specimens also were evaluated immunohistochemically for CD117. The expression of CD117 was assessed semiquantitatively using a scoring system from 0 to 5 that combined the proportion and the intensity of staining.RESULTSThe difference in immunoreactivity for CD117 between PTC and BTNs was highly significant both in FNAB samples and in the corresponding histology samples (P < .0001). On cytology, most PTCs (74%; n = 26) lacked immunoreactivity for CD117, and 9 samples (26%) had faint reactivity in <2% of tumor cells (score, 0). In contrast, all BTNs (100%; n = 30) were positive for CD117, and at least 50% of the cells (score, 2‐4) were positive in 79% (n = 24) of BTNs. Results with corresponding histology were similar to the cytology results; most PTCs (89%; n = 31) lacked immunoreactivity for CD117, and 4 samples (11%) had faint reactivity in <2% of tumor cells. In contrast, all BTNs (n = 30) were variably positive for CD117 (score, 2‐4). Normal follicular epithelium also was positive for CD117 (score, 2‐4).CONCLUSIONSCD117 is expressed in both normal follicular epithelium and in BTNs. In contrast, expression of CD117 is absent or weak in PTC. These results suggest that CD117 may be useful as an ancillary marker for PTC. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:596–603 © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Reading Cadaveric Decomposition Chemistry with a New Pair of Glasses
Authors: Stefanuto Pierre‐Hugues , Perrault Katelynn , Stadler Sonja , Pesesse Romain , Brokl Michał , Forbes Shari , Focant Jean‐François 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe chemical processes of human cadaver decomposition are complex and not well understood. The study of decomposition chemistry aims to elucidate the postmortem processes, particularly relating to the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) throughout the various decomposition stages. The use of thermal desorption coupled with comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TD‐GC×GC‐TOFMS) has allowed for the VOC profile of decomposition odor above pig carcasses (human analogues) to be determined. An enhanced data‐processing approach combining Fisher ratio calculations with principal component analysis assisted in the identification of the major classes of compounds that contribute to the VOC profile and their variation across decomposition stages. Detection and profiling of these VOCs is valuable for understanding the mechanisms by which human‐remains detection (HRD) dogs locate victims in mass disasters and forensic investigations.
Characterization of Layered LiMO2 Oxides for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction of Metal–Air Batteries (M=Mn, Co, Ni)
Authors: Augustyn Veronica , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe behavior of layered LiMO2 (M=transition metal) oxides has been investigated systematically as a function of composition for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolytes. The rich variety of LiMO2 compositions with the O3‐type layered structure makes this class of materials an excellent testbed for understanding the effects of the nature and oxidation states of the transition‐metal ions on the OER. Accordingly, the OER behaviors of a range of LiMO2 oxide solid solutions are presented here: LiCo1−xMnxO2, LiNi1−xMnxO2, and LiCo1−xNixO2 with 0.25≤x≤ 0.7. It is found that the OER activity increases with decreasing Mn content, and the Ni‐rich compositions exhibit high OER activities. Furthermore, the pre‐OER potential region displays contributions from surface faradaic reactions that involve Ni and Co. The overall higher activity of the Ni‐ and Co‐rich compositions might be due to the in situ transformation of the LiMO2 surface into a highly active electrocatalyst.
Descriptive review: Hormonal influences on risk for eating disorder symptoms during puberty and adolescence
Authors: Harden K. Paige , Kretsch Natalie , Moore Sarah R. , Mendle Jane 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivePuberty is an important period of risk for the onset of eating pathology in adolescent females. This review focuses on changes in reproductive hormones during puberty as one specific psychopathogenic mechanism.MethodStudies of puberty and eating disorder‐related phenotypes were identified using search databases and the reference sections of previous literature.ResultsCorrelational studies of adult women and experimental studies of animals provide evidence for the effects of reproductive hormones on eating disorder symptoms. Very few studies of puberty, however, have directly measured or tested the effects of hormonal change in samples of human adolescents. Commonly used measures of pubertal development, such as menarche or self‐reported pubertal status, are relatively poor indicators of individual differences in hormones. The extent to which puberty‐related hormonal change accounts for elevated risk for disordered eating remains unclear.DiscussionFuture research is necessary to elucidate the specific relations between hormonal change during puberty and risk for disordered eating. In particular, there is a need for longitudinal studies with multivariate measurement of pubertal development, including direct measures of change in reproductive hormones. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:718–726)
Efficacy and safety of the pulsed infusions of levosimendan in outpatients with advanced heart failure (LevoRep) study: a multicentre randomized trial
Authors: Altenberger Johann , Parissis John T. , Costard‐Jaeckle Angelika , Winter Andreas , Ebner Christian , Karavidas Apostolos , Sihorsch Kurt , Avgeropoulou Ekaterini , Weber Thomas , Dimopoulos Lida , Ulmer Hanno , Poelzl Gerhard 
Published: June 2014

AimsThe aim of this study was to determine whether intermittent ambulatory treatment with levosimendan would improve functional capacity, quality of life, and event‐free survival in patients with advanced heart failure.Methods and resultsThis was a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicentre, parallel‐group trial of pulsed infusions of levosimendan in 120 outpatients with advanced heart failure (EF ≤35%, NYHA class III or IV). The study was conducted at 11 centres in Austria, Greece, and Germany. Levosimendan (0.2 µg/kg/min) or placebo was administered for 6 h at 2‐week intervals over 6 weeks, in addition to standard care therapy. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a ≥20% improvement in the 6 min walk test and a ≥15% score increase on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire at the end of the 24‐week study period. Secondary outcomes included event‐free survival after 24 weeks. Analyses were performed on an intention‐to‐treat basis. The primary endpoint was reached in 19% of patients receiving levosimendan and 15.8% of patients receiving placebo (odds ratio 1.25; 95% confidence interval 0.44–3.59; P = 0.810). Cardiac death (four vs. one), heart transplants (two vs. one), and acute heart failure (14 vs. nine) were more frequent with placebo as compared with levosimendan. The incidence of side effects was comparable between groups.ConclusionIntermittent ambulatory treatment with levosimendan in patients with advanced heart failure did not improve significantly functional capacity or quality of life as compared with placebo. An adequately powered, event‐driven trial is warranted to enlarge on our findings.Trial registration:NCT01065194.
Electroactive Prussian Blue Encapsulated Iron Oxide Nanostructures for Mediator‐Free Cholesterol Estimation
Authors: Sharma Rachna , Sinha R. K. , Agrawal Ved Varun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIron oxide nanoparticles of size ∼10 nm have been encapsulated into four nanometer thick shells of Prussian blue and were then electrophoretically deposited onto an indium tin oxide substrate. The immobilization of cholesterol oxidase has been done onto the nanostructured film to investigate the kinetic parameters and biosensing characteristics. The fabricated bioelectrode exhibits an electron transfer coefficient and a charge transfer rate constant of 0.45 and 45.15 s−1, respectively. Direct electron transfer properties of the nanostructured film result in 3rd generation cholesterol biosensor. The bioelectrode exhibits high sensitivity (2.15 mAM−1 cm−2), a low Kmapp value (0.07 mM), good stability and high selectivity towards cholesterol.
Exploring Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Naproxen Detection
Authors: Montes Rodrigo H. O. , Stefano Jéssica S. , Richter Eduardo M. , Munoz Rodrigo A. A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe electrochemical oxidation of naproxen was investigated at a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐modified electrode. A decrease (200 mV) in the overpotential of the naproxen oxidation reaction and considerable (4‐fold) current increase (compared to the bare glassy‐carbon electrode) was observed. Two one‐electron transfers were verified at both bare and MWCNT‐modified electrodes and thus a new mechanism for the electrochemical oxidation of naproxen is proposed. Indicative of a mass transport regime that includes a thin‐layer diffusional process (entrapment of naproxen species within the MWCNT film) is presented as a possible explanation for the lowered oxidation potential and substantial current increase. The anti‐fouling properties of MWCNTs on the amperometric detection of naproxen using a batch‐injection analysis (BIA) system is demonstrated.