bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A real-world pharmacovigilance study of FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) events for sunitinib
Authors: Zhang Xusheng , Ren Xiuli , Zhu Tianyu , Zheng Wanjin , Shen Chengwu , Lu Cuicui 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundSunitinib is approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), and advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET). This study aims to investigate the safety profiles of sunitinib through data mining of the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).MethodsThe individual case safety reports (ICSRs) on sunitinib from 2006 Q1 to 2024 Q1 were collected from the ASCII data packages in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). After standardizing the data, a variety of disproportionality analyses, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) were employed to identify the potential safety signals of sunitinib-associated AEs.ResultsA total of 35,923 ICSRs of sunitinib as the “primary suspected” drug were identified within the reporting period. The search detected 276 disproportionate preferred terms (PTs). The most common AEs, including diarrhea, asthenia, decreased appetite, hypertension, and dysgeusia, were consistent with the drug label and clinical trials. Unexpected significant AEs, such as uveal melanocytic proliferation, salivary gland fistula, yellow skin, eyelash discoloration, scrotal inflammation, were detected. The median onset time of sunitinib-related AEs was 57 days (interquartile range [IQR]16–170 days), with most of the ICSRs developing within the first month (n = 4,582, 39.73%) after sunitinib therapy as initiated.ConclusionThe results of our study were consistent with routine clinical observations, and some unexpected AEs signals were also identified for sunitinib, providing valuable evidence for the safe use of sunitinib in the real-world and contributing to the clinical monitoring and risk identification of sunitinib.
Prediction of non-dipper blood pressure pattern in Chinese patients with hypertension using a nomogram model
Authors: Sun Dandan , Li Zhihua , Xu Guomei , Xue Jing , Wang Wenqing , Yin Ping , Wang Meijuan , Shang Miaomiao , Guo Li , Cui Qian , Dai Yuchuan , Zhang Ran , Wang Xueting , Song Dongmei 
Published: July 2024

Non-dipper blood pressure has been shown to affect cardiovascular outcomes and cognitive function in patients with hypertension. Although some studies have explored the influencing factors of non-dipper blood pressure, there is still relatively little research on constructing a prediction model. This study aimed to develop and validate a simple and practical nomogram prediction model and explore relevant elements that could affect the dipper blood pressure relationship in patients with hypertension. A convenient sampling method was used to select 356 inpatients with hypertension who visited the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from January 2022 to September 2022. All patients were randomly assigned to the training cohort (75%, n = 267) and the validation cohort (25%, n = 89). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were utilized to identify influencing factors. The nomogram was developed and evaluated based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the ROC curve (AUC), and decision curve analyses. The optimal cutoff values for the prevalence of dipper blood pressure were estimated. The nomogram was established using six variables, including age, sex, hemoglobin (Hb), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), ejection fraction (EF), and heart rate. The AUC was 0.860 in the training cohort. The cutoff values for optimally predicting the prevalence of dipper blood pressure were 41.50 years, 151.00 g/L, 117.53 mL/min/1.73 m2, 64.50%, and 75 beats per minute for age, Hb, eGFR, ejection fraction, and heart rate, respectively. In summary, our nomogram can be used as a simple, plausible, affordable, and widely implementable tool to predict the blood pressure pattern of Chinese patients with hypertension.
Single-belt vs. split-belt treadmill symmetry training: is there a perfect choice for gait rehabilitation post-stroke?
Authors: Yang Chen , Veit Nicole , McKenzie Kelly , Aalla Shreya , Embry Kyle , Kishta Ameen , Roth Elliot , Jayaraman Arun 
Published: July 2024

Post-stroke gait asymmetry leads to inefficient gait and a higher fall risk, often causing limited home and community ambulation. Two types of treadmills are typically used for training focused on symmetry: split-belt and single belt treadmills, but there is no consensus on which treadmill is superior to improve gait symmetry in individuals with stroke. To comprehensively determine which intervention is superior, we considered multiple spatial and temporal gait parameters (step length, stride time, swing time, and stance time) and their symmetries. Ten individuals with stroke underwent a single session of split-belt treadmill training and single belt treadmill training on separate days. The changes in step length, stride time, swing time, stance time and their respective symmetries were compared to investigate which training improves both spatiotemporal gait parameters and symmetries immediately after the intervention and after 5 min of rest. Both types of treadmill training immediately increased gait velocity (0.08 m/s faster) and shorter step length (4.15 cm longer). However, split-belt treadmill training was more effective at improving step length symmetry (improved by 27.3%) without sacrificing gait velocity or step length. However, this step length symmetry effect diminished after a 5-min rest period. Split-belt treadmill training may have some advantages over single belt treadmill training, when targeting step length symmetry. Future research should focus on comparing the long-term effects of these two types of training and examining the duration of the observed effects to provide clinically applicable information.
Untargeted metabolomics reveals the mechanism of amantadine toxicity on Laminaria japonica
Authors: Wang Xiaohan , Lu Yao , He Jinxia , Li Xiaojie , Xu Yingjiang , Ren Lihua , Li Huanjun 
Published: July 2024

The antiviral agent amantadine is frequently detected in seawater and marine organisms. Because of increasing concentrations, amantadine has become a contaminant of emerging concern. This compound has toxic effects on the brown algae Laminaria japonica. The effects of amantadine on the biological processes of L. japonica and the corresponding toxic mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, amantadine toxicity on L. japonica was investigated using histopathological and physiological characteristics combined with metabolomics analysis. Changes in metabolites were determined by untargeted metabolomics after exposure to 107 ng/L amantadine for 72 h. The catalase activity in the exposure group slightly increased, whereas the superoxide dismutase activity greatly decreased. An increase in the malondialdehyde concentration was observed after amantadine exposure, which suggested that lipid peroxidation and cell damage occurred. Metabolomics analysis showed that there were 406 differentially expressed metabolites after amantadine exposure. These were mainly phospholipids, amino acids, purines, and their derivatives. Inhibition of the glycerophospholipid metabolism affected the lipid bilayer and cell structure, which was aligned with changes in histological observation. Changes in amino acids led to perturbation of protein synthesis and induced oxidative stress through interference with glutathione metabolism and tyrosine metabolism. Amantadine also interfered with energy metabolism in L. japonica by disturbing the tricarboxylic acid cycle and purine metabolism. The results of this study provide new insights into the mechanism of amantadine toxicity on L. japonica.
Assessing and recovering Alzheimer’s disease: a comparative analysis of standard neuropsychological approaches and virtual reality interventions with the use of digital storytelling
Authors: Stasolla Fabrizio , Di Gioia Mariacarla , Messina Irene , Treglia Francesco , Passaro Anna , Zullo Antonio , Dragone Mirella 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that predominantly affects the elderly population. Traditional assessment methods, including neuropsychological tests like the MMSE, have been the cornerstone of AD diagnosis for decades. These methods are grounded in a wealth of research and clinical experience, providing a robust framework for understanding the cognitive deficits of AD. The evolution of AD assessment and rehabilitation has recently been tackled with the introduction of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies.ObjectivesTo evaluate the use of storytelling and reminiscence therapy in virtual reality programs as a complementary and enhancing modality alongside standard assessment and rehabilitation for Alzheimer’s patients. To explore how regular interaction with VR narratives can slow cognitive decline or improve relevant features of cognitive functioning over the time. To propose a new assessment and rehabilitative tool based on the use of VR and digital storytelling.MethodA comparative analysis of Standard Neuropsychological Approaches and Virtual Reality Interventions in patients with Alzheimer disorder was carried out. A literature overview on the empirical studies between 2019 and 2024 was conducted.ResultsWe propose a new VR-based setup mediated by the use of storytelling for the assessment and recovery of AD.ConclusionThe employment of storytelling within VR programs for the assessment and rehabilitation of Alzheimer’s disease can positively impact both the cognitive and emotional realms of patients, with beneficial outcomes on caregivers’ and families’ burden. The successful implementation of this approach requires careful consideration of accessibility, data interpretation, and standard validation protocols.
An isochronic substitution benefit study of the effects of screen time on the cognitive abilities of 3–6 children
Authors: Zhenya Chang , Aifeng Zhu , Ling Wang 
Published: July 2024

PurposeTo investigate the impact of substituting screen time with other activities on children's cognitive ability.MethodA total of 583 children (299 males and 284 females), aged 3–6 years, were selected as participants. Correlation, regression, and isochronic substitution analyses were used.ResultsScreen entertainment time on TV (SET_TV) was negatively associated with children's math ability. However, screen learning time on other electronic devices besides TV (SLT_OED) and non-screen learning time by learning alone (NSLT_LA) were positively associated with math ability and language ability. After controlling for gender, age, and family socio-economic status, SET_TV remained negatively associated with math ability, while NSLT_LA remained positively correlated. Furthermore, substituting 10 min of SET_TV with NSLT_LA resulted in an increase of 0.55 in language ability and 0.87 in math ability. Similarly, substituting SLT_OED, sleeping at home, and exercising outside of kindergarten for 10 min of SET_TV resulted in an increase of 0.90, 0.43, and 0.61 in math ability, respectively.ConclusionsThere are cognitive benefits when screen recreation time is replaced with screen learning time, non-screen learning time, sleep time, and exercise time, with the highest benefits observed when screen recreation time is substituted with NSLT_LA.
Valid and accurate simple equation to predict 3,000-m steeplechase performance
Authors: Barbry Alexis , Lerebourg Lucie , Racil Ghazi , Jlid Mohamed Chedly , Coquart Jérémy 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionPredict running performances is very important for athletes and trainers. Sport researchers have therefore developed certain tools to predict running performances, but only in non-obstacle races. This study aimed to develop and test the validity and accuracy of an equation for predicting 3,000-m steeplechase performance (PerfSteeple).MethodsThe official rankings of French runners for the 3,000-m track-running (Perf3000) and 3,000-m steeplechase events were examined. Age, height and body mass were collected. From 146 included athletes, two groups were randomly composed: one comprising 80% of the sample (n = 117) to develop a simple equation to predict PerfSteeple (i.e., development group) and the other comprising the remaining 20% (n = 29) to test the validity and accuracy of the developed prediction equation (i.e., cross-validation group).ResultsThe simple prediction equation included Perf3000 and age: PerfSteeple=−57,165+1,147×Perf3000+0,955×age. No significant difference was noted between the actual and predicted performances. Predicted performances were significantly correlated with the actual ones, with a very high correlation coefficient (p &lt; 0.001; r = 0.929). Bias and 95% limits of agreement were −5 ± 24 s, i.e., −0.8 ± 7.6%. In 95 of 100 new predictions, the difference between actual and predicted performance would be less or equal to—5 ± 24 s.DiscussionThe study confirms the validity and accuracy of the equation for predicting PerfSteeple. Predictions using this simple equation may be used in training and competitions for athletes and coaches. PerfSteeple = −57,165 + 1,147 X Perf3000 + 0,955 X age.
Estimating the cost of young stock mortality in livestock systems—An application to sheep farming in Ethiopia
Authors: Otte Joachim , Schnier Christian , Allan Fiona K. , Salmon Gareth , Wong Johanna T. , Minjauw Bruno 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionIn sub-Saharan Africa, pre-weaning young stock mortality (YSM) is in the order of 20 to 30% across most livestock species and production systems. High YSM has significant economic implications for livestock keepers, but few studies provide estimates of the “cost of YSM.” This study explores a bio-economic herd modeling approach to estimate the “cost of YSM” at farming/livestock system level.MethodsThe static zero-growth version of DYNMOD was used to calculate the annual physical and monetary output of a sheep flock consisting of 100 breeding females at different levels of lamb mortality. Production parameter values and prices were taken from recently published research. Calculations were carried out for values of lamb mortality decreasing from 30% to 0% in 5% intervals, with 20% representing the “baseline” YSM. Calculations were repeated for a “high” fertility scenario (100% vs. 59% parturition rate) to gauge the sensitivity of the cost of YSM to another parameter determining flock productivity.ResultsThe relation of revenue per head and YSM is close to linear over the range of analyzed YSM with 1% decrease in YSM resulting in an increase in revenue per animal of approximately 1%. At the higher fertility rate, the absolute cost of YSM to sheep farmers is higher while the relative increase in revenue per animal resulting from YSM reduction is lower. The estimated difference in revenue of the 100-ewe flock between the 20% and 0% lamb mortality scenarios (at baseline fertility) amounts to approximately USD 90 per additionally surviving lamb, which is far above its market value.DiscussionReduced lamb mortality ultimately impacts flock revenue through increased sales of “mature” animals, which embody the value of a lamb plus the revenue/profit from raising it to marketable age/weight. The modeling results suggest that foregone profit is an important component of the systemic “cost of YSM.” Consequently, expected profit per animal, in addition to its current market value, is essential for estimating the absolute cost of YSM at farming system level.
Comparative study on corneal epithelium healing: effects of crosslinked hyaluronic acid and amniotic membrane extract eye drops in rats
Authors: Gonçalves e Souza Lenara , Vilardo Lóes Moreira Matheus , Sayuri Saçaki Claudia , Perlmann Eduardo , Guimarães Lopes Thacyana Beatriz , Ferreira Enio , Moreno Juan Carlos Duque , Montiani-Ferreira Fabiano 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionCorneal ulcers are common lesions in both human and veterinary medicine. However, only a few studies have evaluated the efficacy of cross-linked hyaluronic acid (X-HA) eye drops on corneal wound healing. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate and compare the efficacy of amniotic membrane extract eye drops (AMEED) and X-HA for corneal wound healing in rats.Material and methodsA total of 15 male Wistar rats (30 eyes) were used in this study. Then, 10 eyes were treated with X-HA, AMEED, or 0.9% saline. After general and topical anesthesia, a superficial corneal ulcer was created using a corneal trephine. The defect was further polished with a diamond burr. Three groups of 10 eyes each were treated with either one drop of 0.75% X-HA or AMEED or 0.9% saline (control), administered every 12 h for a duration of 72 h. The median epithelial defect area (MEDA), expressed as a percentage of the total corneal surface, was measured at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h. Re-epithelization time scores were also evaluated. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare median times for re-epithelization and histopathologic scores between groups, while the Friedman test (for paired data) was employed to compare results from the serial analysis of MEDA and vascularization scores between groups.ResultsMEDA was not significantly different between X-HA and AMEED. However, MEDA was significantly smaller in the X-HA group compared to the control group at 36 h (2.73 interquartile range (IQR) 5.52% x 9.95 IQR 9.10%, P=0.024) and 48 h (0.00 IQR 0.26% x 6.30 IQR 8.54%, P=0.030). The overall time for re-epithelization was significantly lower in the X-HA group (3.00 IQR 3.00) compared to the AMEED (6.5 IQR 3.00) and control (7.00 IQR 1.00) groups (P=0.035). Vascularization, hydropic degeneration, and epithelial-stromal separation were significantly less observed in samples in the X-HA-treated compared to samples in the AMEED- and saline-treated groups. Significantly more corneal epithelium cells were labeled for caspase3 in samples from the AMEED- and saline-treated groups compared to those from the X-HA-treated group.DiscussionTopical X-HA has been shown to accelerate corneal epithelial healing. AMEED did not decrease corneal re-epithelialization time. X-HA may also potentially be used as an adjunct therapy for treating corneal ulcers in clinical situations.
Identifying risk clusters for African swine fever in Korea by developing statistical models
Authors: Ko Kyeong Tae , Oh Janghun , Son Changdae , Choi Yongin , Lee Hyojung 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a disease with a high mortality rate and high transmissibility. Identifying high-risk clusters and understanding the transmission characteristics of ASF in advance are essential for preventing its spread in a short period of time. This study investigated the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of ASF in the Republic of Korea by analyzing surveillance data on wild boar carcasses.MethodsWe observed a distinct annual propagation pattern, with the occurrence of ASF-infected carcasses trending southward over time. We developed a rank-based statistical model to evaluate risk by estimating the average weekly number of carcasses per district over time, allowing us to analyze and identify risk clusters of ASF. We conducted an analysis to identify risk clusters for two distinct periods, Late 2022 and Early 2023, utilizing data from ASF-infected carcasses. To address the underestimation of risk and observation error due to incomplete surveillance data, we estimated the number of ASF-infected individuals and accounted for observation error via different surveillance intensities.ResultsAs a result, in Late 2022, the risk clusters identified by observed and estimated number of ASF-infected carcasses were almost identical, particularly in the northwestern Gyeongbuk region, north Chungbuk region, and southwestern Gangwon region. In Early 2023, we observed a similar pattern with numerous risk clusters identified in the same regions as in Late 2022.DiscussionThis approach enhances our understanding of ASF spatial dynamics. Additionally, it contributes to the epidemiology and study of animal infectious diseases by highlighting areas requiring urgent and focused intervention. By providing crucial data for the targeted allocation of resources for disease management and preventive measures, our findings lay vital groundwork for improving ASF management strategies, ultimately aiding in the containment and control of this devastating disease.
Unraveling Herpes Zoster Vaccine Hesitancy, Acceptance, and Its Predictors: Insights From a Scoping Review
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Shang Shuhui , Zhang Enming , Dai Zhengyue , Xing Yufei , Hu Jiale , Gao Yaojuan , Fang Qiong 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesHerpes zoster vaccination is critical in preventing herpes zoster virus infection and its associated consequences. Despite its relevance, global herpes zoster immunisation coverage remains alarmingly low. Understanding the factors that drive vaccine scepticism and acceptance is crucial for increasing immunisation rates and improving public health outcomes.MethodsThis scoping review, following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, included 18 studies examining vaccine hesitancy, acceptance, and associated factors. Meticulous data analysis revealed hesitancy’s intricate dynamics across countries and demographics.ResultsStudies displayed a wide range of acceptance rates (2.8%–89.02%), showcasing the complex interplay of attitudes and behaviors towards vaccination. Reasons for vaccine refusal were repeatedly identified in this setting, including worries about potential adverse effects, views of vaccine necessity, and vaccine supply constraints. Notably, individuals’ patterns of vaccine acceptance and hesitancy differed among countries, vaccines, and vaccination-related factors.ConclusionAddressing acceptance hurdles by improving accessibility, providing accurate information, and strengthening healthcare recommendations is crucial. Understanding the multifaceted factors influencing hesitancy allows for targeted interventions, elevating immunization rates and enhancing public health globally.