bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of passion fruit juice as an endodontic irrigant compared with sodium hypochlorite solution: an in vitro study
Authors: Jayahari Nidhin Kumar , Niranjan Nandini T. , Kanaparthy Aruna 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness of several concentrations of two forms of passion fruit juice (PFJ) in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis and to compare the antibacterial property of PFJ with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as an intracanal irrigant.MethodsTwo types of PFJs, aqueous and alcohol extracts, were prepared and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test was performed with both the extracts against E. faecalis. Two concentrations of each extract were selected from the results given by the MIC test and subjected to a broth dilution test (BDT) for nine different time periods. After each time period, samples were inoculated in brain–heart infusion agar plates for 24 h at 37°C and results were compared statistically.ResultsThe MIC test showed that E. faecalis was sensitive to PFJ extracts at various concentrations. The results of the BDT showed a negative growth of E. faecalis by PFJ alcohol 20% at 30 min, PFJ aqueous 20% at 1 h, NaOCl 2.5% at 10 min and NaOCl 5.25% at 1 min. NaOCl showed a much better antibacterial efficacy than PFJ.ConclusionsThe PFJ alcoholic and aqueous extracts had an antibacterial effect against E. faecalis. As PFJ shows promising results, further research in this field could lead to much better results as compared to NaOCl.
The Global Circulation of the Literatures of Decadence
Authors: Gagnier Regenia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article for the Global Circulation Projecthttp://literature‐compass.com/global‐circulation‐project/begins to test whether the author’s previous characterization of British and European Decadence – as textual and social strategies used to critique the relation of part to whole, especially the individual in relation to the State, or subordinate States in relation to dominant – might also be relevant outside Britain, Europe and North America. By offering a survey of diverse literatures from the late‐nineteenth to the late‐twentieth centuries, I hypothesize that the factors contributing to the rise of the Decadent Movement in France and England – the decline of economic, social, religious, political, ethnic, and gendered traditions under the forces of modernization that disrupted numerous relations of part to whole – have had similar effects elsewhere, giving rise to similar literary strategies. Literary decadence did not simply spread from Europe to other countries as a cultural movement, but it arose repeatedly and distinctly in response to changes or crises within various nations and cultures.
Low root reserve accumulation during drought may lead to winter mortality in poplar seedlings
Authors: Galvez David A. , Landhäusser S. M. , Tyree M. T. 
Published: January 2013

Summary

Climate models suggest that more frequent drought events of greater severity and length, associated with climate change, can be expected in the coming decades. Although drought‐induced tree mortality has been recognized as an important factor modulating forest demography at the global scale, the mechanisms underlying drought‐induced tree mortality remain contentious.

Above‐ and below‐ground growth, gas exchange, water relations and carbon reserve accumulation dynamics at the organ and whole‐plant scale were quantified in Populus tremuloides and P. balsamifera seedlings in response to severe drought. Seedlings were maintained in drought conditions over one growing and one dormant winter season.

Our experiment presents a detailed description of the effect of severe drought on growth and physiological variables, leading to seedling mortality after an extended period of drought and dormancy. After re‐watering following the dormant period, drought‐exposed seedlings did not re‐flush, showing that the root system had died off.

The results of this study suggest a complex series of physiological feedbacks between the measured variables in both Populus species. Further, they reveal that reduced reserve accumulation in the root system during drought decreases the conversion of starch to soluble sugars in roots, which may contribute to the root death of drought‐exposed seedlings during the dormant season by compromising the frost tolerance of the root system.
Mitochondrial haplogroup B4 may be a protective factor to oral lichen planus susceptibility in Chinese
Authors: Wu D , Cheng S , Chen X , Sun M , Wang G , Fu S , Dong G , Wang L , Wu Y 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveOral lichen planus (OLP) is a common inflammatory disorder with a higher prevalence among women than men. The pathogenesis of OLP is still unclear, and its heredity is not well characterized. Maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) indicates its importance in human ethnic group classification as well disease susceptibility. So, this study was conducted to find whether mtDNA haplogroup associates with OLP susceptibility in Chinese, and determine the influence of C‐stretch structure of mtDNA on OLP susceptibility.Subjects and methodsWe sequenced three hypervariable regions of mtDNA from 242 patients with OLP and 237 healthy controls. The association between mtDNA haplogroups and OLP is tested by chi‐square test.ResultsSeventeen kinds of haplogroups were identified, and the frequency of haplogroup B4 was significantly higher in control group than that of the OLP group (P = 0.013, OR=0.429). In female samples, B4 declared even more significance (P = 0.003, OR=0.296). Meanwhile, the haplotypes of C‐stretch in mtDNA did not have any significant difference between case‐control groups.ConclusionsMitochondrial DNA haplogroup B4 might have a protective effect to OLP, and its protective effect resides predominantly in women. However, the association between C‐stretch haplotype and OLP susceptibility still needs more patients for evaluation.
Category‐based inhibition of focused attention across consecutive trials
Authors: Shin Eunsam , Bartholow Bruce D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe distractor previewing effect (DPE) refers to the behavioral phenomenon that search times increase for oddball targets containing features recently associated with the absence of a target. Previous work using a color‐oddball search task showed that the DPE covaried with the N2pc component of the event‐related potential (an index of attention allocation) but not with other components, suggesting that the DPE reflects shifts in attentional sets. We sought to determine whether the previous results could generalize to a category‐oddball search task. Results showed that the DPE co‐occurred with N2pc effects in about 60% of the participants, and the DPE occurred with no N2pc effects in the rest of the participants. These results support a domain‐general, attention‐based account of the DPE, but also suggest that the attention‐based DPE account requires some modifications.
Identification of Polymorphisms in the Osteopontin Gene and Their Associations with Certain Semen Production Traits of Water Buffaloes in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Rolim Filho ST , Ribeiro HFL , de Camargo GMF , Cardoso DF , Aspilcueta‐Borquis RR , Tonhati H , Nunes KB , Vale WG , Barbosa EM , de Sousa KC 
Published: January 2013

ContentsThe osteopontin gene may influence the fertility of water buffaloes because it is a protein present in sperm. The aim of this work was to identify polymorphisms in this gene and associate them with fertility parameters of animals kept under extensive grazing. A total of 306 male buffaloes older than 18 months, from two farms, one in the state of Amapá and the other in the state of Pará, Brazil were used in the study. Seven SNPs were identified in the regions studied. The polymorphisms were in gene positions 1478, 1513 and 1611 in the region 5′upstrem and positions 6690, 6737, 6925 and 6952 in the region amplified in intron 5. The SNPs were associated with the traits, namely scrotal circumference, scrotal volume, sperm motility, sperm concentration and sperm pathology. There were significant SNPs (p < 0.05) for all the traits. The SNP 6690 was significant for scrotal circumference, sperm concentration, sperm motility and sperm pathology and the SNP 6737 for scrotal volume. The genotype AA of SNP 6690 presented the highest averages for scrotal circumference, sperm concentration and motility and the lowest total number of sperm pathologies. For the scrotal volume trait, the animals with the largest volume were correlated with the presence of the genotype GG of SNP 6737. These results indicate a significance of the osteopontin gene as it seems to exert a substantial influence on the semen production traits of male buffaloes.
Acid suppression does not reduce symptoms from vocal cord dysfunction, where gastro‐laryngeal reflux is a known trigger
Authors: Woolnough Kerry , Blakey John , Pargeter Nicola , Mansur Adel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractVocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is characterized by paradoxical inspiratory abduction of the vocal cords. Gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a known trigger. We studied 77 patients referred to a tertiary VCD clinic. VCD was diagnosed in 62, of which 83.9% had proven GORD. Following 8 weeks of acid suppression, 24.2% reported improvement in the severity and frequency of VCD attacks. This study suggests that empirical treatment of GORD in VCD marginally improves symptom control.
Importance of distribution function selection for hydrothermal time models of seed germination
Authors: Mesgaran M B , Mashhadi H R , Alizadeh H , Hunt J , Young K R , Cousens R D 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe germination of a population of seeds was modelled using the concept of hydrotime or hydrothermal time. Typically, a Normal distribution for base water potential (Ψb(g)) was used within these models to relate variation in Ψb(g) to the variation in time to germination of a given fraction of seeds. We sought to examine empirically the validity of this assumption, to compare the fit of alternative distributions and make recommendations for improved germination modelling procedures. Eight statistical distributions (Gumbel, Weibull, Normal, Log‐Normal, Logistic, Loglogistic, Inverse Normal and Gamma) were fitted to data for four weed species Hordeum spontaneum, Phalaris minor, Heliotropium europaeum and Raphanus raphanistrum. Methods for incorporating each of these distributions into hydrotime are presented. For three species (H. spontaneum, P. minor and H. europaeum), the Normal distribution gave the worst fit (with AIC values: −124.2, −296.9 and −264.5, respectively) and would lead to biased predictions, whereas the Loglogistic distribution consistently provided the best explanation of Ψb(g) variation in these species (with AIC values: −188.6, −326.2 and −272.1 respectively). All distributions failed to provide an unbiased description of the observed distribution of Ψb(g) in R. raphanistrum. The Normal distribution is not necessarily the best function for base water potential in hydrothermal models and, indeed, may give much more biased predictions than alternative functions. The ‘best’ distribution may vary with species. The distribution of Ψb(g) within a seed sample should therefore be examined and an appropriate equation selected, before using a model to make predictions.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Streptococcus suis Temperate Bacteriophage ϕNJ2
Authors: Tang Fang , Bossers Alex , Harders Frank , Lu Chengping , Smith Hilde 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus suis
is an important cause of meningitis, arthritis, and sudden death in young piglets and of meningitis in humans. A novel temperate
S. suis
-specific bacteriophage (ϕNJ2) was identified. The phage was induced from the
S. suis
strain NJ2 by using mitomycin C, and the whole genome sequence was determined. The ϕNJ2 genome is 37,282 bp in length and contains 56 open reading frames (ORFs). While 31 ORFs (55%) encoded hypothetical proteins, other ORFs were predicted to be functional, clearly indicating the novelty of ϕNJ2.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Opportunistic Human Pathogen Morganella morganii SC01
Authors: Khatri Indu , Dureja Chetna , Raychaudhuri Saumya , Subramanian Srikrishna 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the 4.1-Mb draft genome sequence of
Morganella morganii
SC01, a gammaproteobacterium, isolated from an Indian human fecal sample.
Genome Sequence of the Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Desulfotomaculum hydrothermale Lam5T
Authors: Amin Oulfat , Fardeau Marie-Laure , Valette Odile , Hirschler-Réa Agnès , Barbe Valérie , Médigue Claudine , Vacherie Benoit , Ollivier Bernard , Bertin Philippe N. , Dolla Alain 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTHere, we report the draft genome sequence ofDesulfotomaculum hydrothermale, a sulfate-reducing, spore-forming bacterium isolated from a Tunisian hot spring. The genome is composed of 2.7 Mb, with aG+Ccontent of 49.48%, and it contains 2,643 protein-coding sequences.
Does a full bladder assist insertion of intrauterine contraception? A randomised trial
Authors: Cameron Sharon T , Glasier Anna , Cooper Amy , Johnstone Anne 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundBladder distension is thought to cause the uterine axis to become more aligned with the cervical canal. Among women undergoing assisted conception it has been demonstrated that having a full bladder facilitates the passage of an intrauterine catheter for embryo transfer.ObjectiveTo determine if insertion of intrauterine contraceptive devices is easier in women who have a full bladder at the time of insertion.Methods200 women requesting intrauterine contraception with a pre-filled bladder were randomised to delayed emptying (after insertion;n=100) or immediate emptying (before insertion;n=100). Comparisons were made between doctors’ reported ease of insertion and women's pain scores.ResultsThere was no significant difference with reported ease of insertion between the groups. Doctors reported that insertions were either ‘very easy’ or ‘quite easy’ in 82% and 83% of women in the immediate and delayed emptying groups, respectively (95% CIs for difference −10% to +11%). There was no significant difference in reported pain scores, with mean pain scores (out of 10) of 3.8 and 4.4 in the delayed and immediate emptying groups, respectively.ConclusionsBladder filling does not have a significant effect on ease of insertion of an intrauterine method of contraception. Insertion is mostly associated with low levels of discomfort, even in the presence of a full bladder.
Identifying the patient in George W Lambert'sChesham Street
Authors: Hammerschlag Keren Rosa 
Published: January 2013

This paper takes as its focus one of the Edwardian period's most dramatic and little-understood paintings of a medical examination: George Washington Lambert'sChesham Street(1910). The painting shows an upper-class male patient lifting his shirt to reveal a muscular torso for examination by the doctor in the scene and the viewers outside it. The subject of a medical examination, I argue, legitimised the scrutiny of exposed male flesh and offered an opportunity for sensual pleasure between men.By way of a comparison with other portraits of the artist from around the same period, I interpretChesham Streetas a patient self-portrait, which reveals the artist's dual personalities of bohemian artist and Australian boxer: two personae that did not combine seamlessly, as revealed by the composite nature of the patient inChesham Street. From a discussion of the artist as patient, I move to an analysis of other self-portraits by Lambert in which the artist is shown flexing his muscles, especially in the context of his passion for boxing. I consider how these portraits serve as complex inscriptions of illness and health and how this relates to the experience of living and working as an Australian expatriate artist in London in the early twentieth century.
40
Ar/
39
Ar Thermochronology on Central China Orogen: Cooling, uplift and implications for orogeny dynamics
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhu Rixiang , Hou Quanlin , Zheng Dewen , Yang Liekun , Wu Lin , Shi Wenbei , Feng Huile , Sang Haiqing , Zhang Hongyuan , Liu Qing 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

40
Ar/
39
Ar geochronology was carried out on the non-deformed synorogenic granitoid plutons from the Qinling–Dabie Orogen. The new model cooling history (MCH) method is applied to K-feldspar to obtain information about its cooling history. MCH is a quicker and easier method of calculating cooling histories compared with the multi-domain diffusion (MDD) model. Cooling histories indicate that Qinling–Dabie suffered differential uplift and denudation processes since the collision in the Late Triassic. East Qinling uplifted and denuded rapidly from
c.
181–187 to
c.
150 Ma at a rate of
c.
20 °C Ma
−1
, three times as fast as west Qinling which was exhumed at a rate of
c.
6.6 °C Ma
−1
from
c.
195–190 to
c.
100 Ma. Although west and east Qinling started uplift and denudation at the same time, east Qinling reached the 150 °C geothermal line (
c.
7.5 km deep) at
c.
150 Ma, earlier than west Qinling by
c.
50 myr, suggesting that earliest collision and strongest compression occurred in east Qinling. Dabie is characterized with a polyphased process of uplift and denudation, implying that the subduction of south China block in this region was multi-staged. The emplacement of the granitoids and uplift pattern along Qinling–Dabie may be due to delamination of the root of the mountains or the slab break-off. Cooling histories suggest that more mass had been removed from the root of east Qinling than west Qinling and Dabie; the final delamination occurred in Dabie at
c.
100 Ma but affected the whole Qinling–Dabie orogen.
40
Ar/
39
Ar ages of crystallization and recrystallization of rock-forming polyhalite in Alpine rocksalt deposits
Authors: Leitner C. , Neubauer F. , Genser J. , Borojević-Šoštarić S. , Rantitsch G. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Polyhalite rocks of the evaporitic Haselgebirge Formation are emplaced within a rocksalt–mudrock tectonite. The rheologically weak series served as a major detachment level during nappe stacking of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Eastern Alps). To test the mineral polyhalite [K
2
Ca
2
Mg(SO
4
)
4
·2H
2
O] as a useful geochronometer for various diagenetic and deformation fabric types,
40
Ar/
39
Ar age dating was combined with microstructural analysis. Vein infills, polyhalite intergrown with anhydrite and polyhalite within mudrock, crystallized in several stages between
c.
235 and 210 Ma. Mylonites of fine-grained polyhalite rock indicate subsequent stages of tectonothermal overprint between
c.
155 and 105 Ma, which is roughly consistent with previously measured feldspar and muscovite
40
Ar/
39
Ar data from the region. Illite crystallinity points to temperatures of
c.
200 °C. The peak temperature of overprint was at
c.
180 °C in the Berchtesgaden mine (vitrinite reflectance, fluid inclusions) and >240 °C in the Altaussee mine (fluid inclusions). These temperatures are below the value of 255 °C, where polyhalite starts to dehydrate. Disturbed age spectra patterns result from multiphase polyhalite growth; however, single phases and completely recrystallized fabrics yield good results. As in the Alpine test case, polyhalite may characteristically serve as a geochronometer for diagenetic and very-low-grade metamorphic processes.

Supplementary material:

A table of used materials and methods and the detailed
40
Ar/
39
Ar step-heating data for polyhalite are available at:
www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18574
.
Morphology and diversity of the mandibular symphysis of archosauriforms
Authors: Holliday Casey M. , Nesbitt Sterling J. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Archosauromorphs radiated into numerous trophic niches during the Mesozoic, many of which were accommodated by particular suites of cranial adaptations and feeding behaviours. The mandibular symphysis, the joint linking the mandibles, is a poorly understood craniomandibular joint that may offer significant insight into skull function and feeding ecology. Using comparative data from extant amniotes, we investigated the skeletal anatomy and osteological correlates of relevant soft tissues in a survey of archosauromorph mandibular symphyses. Characters were identified and their evolution mapped using a current phylogeny of archosauriforms with the addition of non-archosauriform archosauromorphs. Extinct taxa with the simple Class I condition (e.g. proterochampsids, ‘rauisuchians’), rugose Class II (aetosaurs, protosuchians, silesaurids) and interdigitating Class III symphyses (e.g. phytosaurs, crocodyliforms) and finally fused Class IV (avians) build the joints in expected ways, although they differ in the contributions of bony elements and Meckel’s cartilage. Optimization of the different classes of symphyses across archosauromorph clades indicates that major iterative transitions from plesiomorphic Class I to derived, rigid Class II–IV symphyses occurred along the lines to phytosaurs, aetosaurs, a subset of poposauroids, crocodyliformes, pterosaurs and birds. These transitions in symphyseal morphology also appear to track changes in dentition and potentially diet.
Piracy in Asian Waters Part 2: Piracy, Sovereignty, and the Early Modern Asian State—An Introduction
Authors: Prange Sebastian R. , Antony Robert J. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This is the second of a two-part special issue on piracy in Asian waters. Part 1 (vol. 16, no. 6) explored the social and economic dynamics of pan-Asian piracy, and here in Part 2, contributors delve into the political dimensions of piracy by focusing on its interrelationship with notions of sovereignty, the changing nature of states in early modern Asia, and the rise of global seaborne empires. The four articles here challenge the conventional wisdom that Asian waters were great voids in indigenous political imagination and that Asian polities never regulated maritime space before the arrival of the West. Piracy played a significant role in the intense economic rivalries and competing political claims over sovereignty, not just between Western imperial powers but also among indigenous polities. Maritime space, therefore, was actively contested by both European powers and by various Asian states. In this contestation the early modern Asian pirate served as both instrument and contender of nascent projects of empire-building and sovereignty.
The Empire’s Scorched Shore: Coastal China, 1633-1683
Authors: Ho Dahpon David 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In the mid-seventeenth century, the Qing empire of China reacted to piracy and rebellion by forcibly depopulating the coast and burning its shoreline into wasteland for twenty years. As unique as the scale and brutality of this response may be in maritime history, the Qing state was not inherently isolationist or anti-maritime. Its underlying imperatives were shared by other early modern states: a desire to establish sovereignty, impose subjecthood, and constrain the mobility of peripheral populations. This article places the Qing Coastal Depopulation of 1661-1683 in the context of fifty years of maritime militarization, invasion, and civil war in the coastal province of Fujian. It portrays the Depopulation as not just a military act to combat pirates or the powerful sealord Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong), but also an act of social engineering to subjugate the coastal population by removing it behind an artificial land boundary. At the same time, the article shows that the Qing state’s practice of “outsourcing” coastal control to regional lords helps to account for the policy’s longevity and some of its severest abuses.