bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host sex‐specific parasites in a functionally dioecious fig: a preference way of adaptation to their hosts
Authors: Wang Qi , Jiang Zi‐Feng , Wang Ning‐xin , Niu Li‐ming , Li Zi , Huang Da‐Wei 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHost–parasites interaction is a common phenomenon in nature. Diffusive coevolution might maintain stable cooperation in a fig–fig wasps system, in which the exploiter might diversify their genotype, phenotype, or behavior as a result of competition with pollinator, whereas the figs change flower syconia, fruits thickness, and syconia structure. In functionally dioecious Ficus auriculata, male figs and female figs contain two types of florets on separate plant, and share high similarities in outside morphology. Apocryptophagus (Sycophaginae, Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera) is one of few groups of nonpollinating fig wasps that can reproduce within both male and female figs. On the basis of the morphology and DNA barcoding, evidence from partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2, we found that there are two nonsibling Apocryptophagus species living on male and female F. auriculata figs, respectively. We estimated that these two species diverged about 19.2 million years ago. Our study suggests that the host shift from Ficus variegate or Ficus prostrata fig species to male figs is a preference way for Apocryptophagus wasps to adapt to the separation of sexual function in diecious figs. Furthermore, to escape the disadvantage or sanction impact of the host, the exploiter Apocryptophagus wasps can preferably adapt to exploiting each sex of the figs, by changing their oviposition, niche shift, and habitat.
Coevolutionary analyses of the relationships between piroplasmids and their hard tick hosts
Authors: Gou Huitian , Guan Guiquan , Liu Aihong , Ma Miling , Chen Ze , Liu Zhijie , Ren Qiaoyun , Li Youquan , Yang Jifei , Yin Hong , Luo Jianxun 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHost–parasite coevolution is a key driver of biological diversity. To examine the evolutionary relationships between piroplasmids and their hard tick hosts, we calculated the molecular clock and conducted phylogenetic analyses of both groups. Based on our results, we conclude that the divergence time of piroplasmids (~56 Mya) is later than divergence time of their hard tick hosts (~86 Mya). From analyses of the evolution of both piroplasmid and vector lineages and their association, we know that hard ticks transmit piroplasmids with high genus specificity and low species specificity.
Autism Spectrum Disorders in Eating Disorder Populations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Huke Vanessa , Turk Jeremy , Saeidi Saeideh , Kent Andy , Morgan John. F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveEmpirical research addressing cognitive processing deficits in eating disorders has noted an overlap with autism spectrum disorders. We conducted a systematic review investigating the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in its entirety in eating disordered populations.MethodsA comprehensive search for relevant studies was performed on five electronic databases. Studies were not included if solely focused on specific traits of autism spectrum disorders, for instance, theory of mind, set shifting or central coherence. Titles, abstracts and full texts were screened by two members of the research team independently. Quantitative studies published in English were included.ResultsA total of eight studies were found to fit the inclusion criteria. Results showed significantly raised prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorder in eating disorder populations compared with those in healthy control participants.DiscussionThis discovery has clinical implications and may assist in deciphering poor responses to conventional treatment, facilitating new psychological interventions for eating disorders. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Prediction of mono-, bi-, and trivalent metal cation relative toxicity to the seaweed Gracilaria domingensis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in synthetic seawater
Authors: Mendes Luiz Fernando , Zambotti-Villela Leonardo , Yokoya Nair Sumie , Bastos Erick Leite , Stevani Cassius Vinicius , Colepicolo Pio 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

The present study reports a 48-h aquatic metal-toxicity assay based on daily growth rates of the red seaweed Gracilaria domingensis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in synthetic seawater. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) for each metal cation was experimentally determined, and the ratios of free ions (aqueous complex) were calculated by software minimization of the total equilibrium activity (MINTEQA2) to determine the free median inhibitory concentration (IC50F). A model for predicting the toxicity of 14 metal cations was developed using the generic function approximation algorithm (GFA) with log IC50F values as the dependent variables and the following properties as independent variables: ionic radius (r), atomic number (AN), electronegativity (Xm), covalent index (Xm2r), first hydrolysis constant (|log KOH|), softness index (σp), ion charge (Z), ionization potential (ΔIP), electrochemical potential (ΔEo), atomic number divided by ionization potential (AN/ΔIP), and the cation polarizing power for Z2/r and Z/AR. The 3-term independent variables were predicted as the best-fit model (log IC50F: –23.64 + 5.59 Z/AR + 0.99 |log KOH| + 37.05 σp ; adjusted r2: 0.88; predicted r2: 0.68; Friedman lack-of-fit score: 1.6). This mathematical expression can be used to predict metal–biomolecule interactions, as well as the toxicity of mono-, bi-, and trivalent metal cations, which have not been experimentally tested in seaweed to date. Quantitative ion–character relationships allowed the authors to infer that the mechanism of toxicity might involve an interaction between metals and functional groups of biological species containing sulfur or oxygen. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2571–2575. © 2013 SETAC
Inter‐individual differences in audio‐motor learning of piano melodies and white matter fiber tract architecture
Authors: Engel Annerose , Hijmans Brenda S. , Cerliani Leonardo , Bangert Marc , Nanetti Luca , Keller Peter E. , Keysers Christian 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHumans vary substantially in their ability to learn new motor skills. Here, we examined inter‐individual differences in learning to play the piano, with the goal of identifying relations to structural properties of white matter fiber tracts relevant to audio‐motor learning. Non‐musicians (n = 18) learned to perform three short melodies on a piano keyboard in a pure audio‐motor training condition (vision of their own fingers was occluded). Initial learning times ranged from 17 to 120 min (mean ± SD: 62 ± 29 min). Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used to derive the fractional anisotropy (FA), an index of white matter microstructural arrangement. A correlation analysis revealed that higher FA values were associated with faster learning of piano melodies. These effects were observed in the bilateral corticospinal tracts, bundles of axons relevant for the execution of voluntary movements, and the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, a tract important for audio‐motor transformations. These results suggest that the speed with which novel complex audio‐motor skills can be acquired may be determined by variability in structural properties of white matter fiber tracts connecting brain areas functionally relevant for audio‐motor learning. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2483–2497, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone enhances morphine antinociception
Authors: Lilius T.O. , Jokinen V. , Neuvonen M.S. , Väänänen A.J. , Niemi M. , Rauhala P.V. , Kalso E.A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundSpironolactone, a commonly used mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, has been reported to potentiate the effect of morphine in the rat. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of spironolactone on morphine antinociception and tissue distribution.MethodsThe effects of spironolactone on acute morphine‐induced antinociception, induction of morphine tolerance and established morphine tolerance were studied with tail‐flick and hot plate tests in male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Serum, brain, and liver morphine and its metabolite concentrations were quantified using high‐pressure liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Spironolactone was also administered with the peripherally acting, P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) substrate loperamide to test whether spironolactone allows loperamide to pass the blood–brain barrier.ResultsSpironolactone (50 mg/kg, i.p.) had no antinociceptive effects of its own, but it enhanced the antinociceptive effect of morphine in both thermal tests. Two doses of spironolactone enhanced the maximum possible effect (MPE) from 19.5% to 100% in the hot plate test 90 min after administration of 4 mg/kg morphine. Morphine concentrations in the brain were increased fourfold at 90 min by spironolactone. Spironolactone did not inhibit the formation of morphine‐3‐glucuronide. Acute spironolactone restored morphine antinociception in morphine‐tolerant rats but did not inhibit the development of tolerance. The peripherally restricted opioid, loperamide (10 mg/kg), had no antinociceptive effects when administered alone, but co‐administration with spironolactone produced a 40% MPE in the hot plate test.ConclusionsSpironolactone has no antinociceptive effects in thermal models of pain, but it enhances the antinociceptive effects of morphine mainly by increasing morphine central nervous system concentrations, probably by inhibiting P‐gp.
Struggle for the Soul of Science
Authors: RUSE MICHAEL 
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and its Quarrels with Science by Paul R. Gross and Norman LevittArticulate, Well‐placed Scholars argue that science is biased to its deepest roots. The hatred of science is real and deep.Should Science‐and Scientists‐respond to the Attacks from the so‐called left? Unfortunately, yes; the situation is too dangerous to leave to chance.
Human acellular cartilage matrix powders as a biological scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering with synovium‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Chang Chih‐Hung , Chen Chia‐Chun , Liao Cheng‐Hao , Lin Feng‐Huei , Hsu Yuan‐Ming , Fang Hsu‐Wei 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn our previous study, we found that cartilage fragments from osteoarthritic knee promoted chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, we further transformed the cartilage tissues into acellular cartilage matrix (ACM) and explored the feasibility of using ACM as a biological scaffold. Nonworn parts of cartilage tissues were obtained during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery and were successfully fabricated into ACM powders. The ACM powders and human synovium‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) were mixed into collagen gel for in vitro culture. Histological results showed a synergistic effect of ACM powders and chondrogenic growth factors in the formation of engineered cartilage. The findings of real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) suggested that ACM powders had the potential of promoting type II collagen gene expression in the growth factors‐absent environment. Moreover, with growth factors induction, the ACM powders could reduce the hypertrophy in chondrogenesis of SMSCs. In summary, ACM powders could serve as a functional scaffold that benefited the chondrogenesis of SMSCs for cartilage tissue engineering. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2248–2257, 2014.
Engineering multiple biological functional motifs into a blank collagen‐like protein template from Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Peng Yong Y. , Stoichevska Violet , Schacht Kristin , Werkmeister Jerome A. , Ramshaw John A. M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBacterially derived triple‐helical, collagen‐like proteins are attractive as potential biomedical materials. The collagen‐like domain of the Scl2 protein from S. pyogenes lacks any specific binding sites for mammalian cells yet possesses the inherent structural integrity of the collagen triple‐helix of animal collagens. It can, therefore, be considered as a structurally‐stable “blank slate” into which various defined, biological sequences, derived from animal collagens, can be added by substitutions or insertions, to enable production of novel designed materials to fit specific functional requirements. In the present study, we have used site directed mutagenesis to substitute two functional sequences, one for heparin binding and the other for integrin binding, into different locations in the triple‐helical structure. This provided three new constructs, two containing the single substitutions and one containing both substitutions. The stability of these constructs was marginally reduced when compared to the unmodified sequence. When compared to the unmodified bacterial collagen, both the modified collagens that contain the heparin binding site showed marked binding of fluorescently labeled heparin. Similarly, the modified collagens from both constructs containing the integrin binding site showed significant adhesion of L929 cells that are known to possess the appropriate integrin receptor. C2C12 cells that lack any appropriate integrins did not bind. These data show that bacterial collagen‐like sequences can be modified to act like natural extracellular matrix collagens by inserting one or more unique biological domains with defined function. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2189–2196, 2014.
Modeling the ionospheric E and F1 regions: Using SDO‐EVE observations as the solar irradiance driver
Authors: Sojka Jan J. , Jensen Joseph , David Michael , Schunk Robert W. , Woods Tom , Eparvier Frank 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTOver the altitude range of 90–150 km, in dayside nonauroral regions, ionization is controlled almost entirely by solar ultraviolet irradiance; the response time for ionization during solar exposure is almost instantaneous, and likewise, the time scale for recombination into neutral species is very fast when the photoionizing source is removed. Therefore, if high‐resolution solar spectral data are available, along with accurate ionization cross sections as a function of wavelength, it should be possible to model this ionospheric region with greater accuracy. The Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) instrument on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) satellite, launched in February 2010, is intended to provide just such solar data, at high resolution in both wavelength and time cadence. We use the Utah State University time‐dependent ionospheric model to assess the sensitivity in modeling that this solar irradiance data provide, under quiet solar conditions as well as during X‐class flares. The sensitivity studies show that the E and F1 regions, as well as the valley region, are strongly dependent upon wavelength in both electron density and ion composition.
Curcumin protects neuronal‐like cells against acrolein by restoring Akt and redox signaling pathways
Authors: Doggui Sihem , Belkacemi Abdenour , Paka Ghislain Djiokeng , Perrotte Morgane , Pi Rongbiao , Ramassamy Charles 
Published: July 2013

ScopeThe aim of the present study was to examine the neuroprotective effect of curcumin against the toxicity induced by acrolein and to identify its cellular mechanisms and targets.Methods and resultsHuman neuroblastoma cells SK‐N‐SH were treated with acrolein. Curcumin, from 5 μM, was able to protect SK‐N‐SH cells against acrolein toxicity. The addition of curcumin restored the expression of γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species levels but had no effect on the decrease of glutathione (GSH) and on the elevation of protein carbonyls. Acrolein induced the activity of Nrf2, NF‐κB, and Sirt1. These activations were prevented by the presence of curcumin. Acrolein also induced a decrease of the pAkt, which was counteracted by curcumin. To increase its solubility, we have encapsulated curcumin in a biodegradable poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) based nanoparticulate formulation (Nps‐Cur). Our results showed that 0.5 μM of Nps‐Cur can protect neuronal cells challenged with acrolein while free curcumin was not able to display neuroprotection.ConclusionOur results provided evidence that curcumin was able to protect SK‐N‐SH cells against acrolein toxicity. This protection is mediated through the antioxidant, the redox, and the survival regulated pathways by curcumin. Moreover, our results demonstrated that Nps‐Cur had higher capacity than curcumin to protect SK‐N‐SH cells against acrolein.
Normal personality versus pathological personality: dimensional and predictive study
Authors: Aluja Anton , Blanch Angel , Balada Ferran 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to replicate the previous relationship between the Zuckerman personality model and the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology‐Basic Questionnaire (DAPP‐BQ) and to evaluate the contribution of the facets and factors from Zuckerman's new instrument Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA‐PQ) versus the old Zuckerman–Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire to the four clusters of the DAPP‐BQ. The sample consisted of 443 subjects from the general population of both sexes. The ZKA‐PQ dimensions predicted between 35 % and 61% of the DAPP‐BQ cluster variance and facets between 54% and 63%. Local regression graphical analysis (LOESS) showed that neuroticism and aggressiveness are the dimensions most related with emotional dysregulation. Sensation seeking and aggressiveness were associated with dissocial behaviour. Neuroticism and extraversion (negative) were associated with social avoidance and activity and sensation seeking (negative) with compulsiveness. The new ZKA‐PQ improves the psychometric properties of the old Zuckerman–Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire. Both dimensional personality measures can play a role in the prediction of the future DSM‐V personality disorder dimensional system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ‘information spectrum’: a qualitative study of how breast cancer surgeons give information and of how their patients experience it
Authors: Mendick Nicola , Young Bridget , Holcombe Christopher , Salmon Peter 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveCancer clinicians are routinely criticised for communicating information poorly to patients, but expert guidance is sometimes contradictory or impractical. We wanted to understand how, and how well, breast cancer surgeons in their normal practice balanced the competing tasks of informing patients while keeping them hopeful.MethodIn a post‐operative surgical outpatient clinic in a UK breast unit, we recruited 9 surgeons and 20 breast cancer patients with whom they consulted. We audio recorded and interviewed both patients and surgeons about their consultations, then analysed data qualitatively within and across cases taking a constant comparative approach.ResultsEvery consultation contained biomedical factually explicit information, but the information that was most significant for patients was factually less explicit. Progressively less explicit forms, along a ‘spectrum’ of information, included: judgments about treatment implications; judgments about prognosis; evaluative comments; and clues about what information signified. Surgeons used the less explicit types of information to communicate hope. Where prognosis was poor, communication was confined to more explicit information. Surgeons' practice was closely aligned with what patients sought.ConclusionCommon criticisms of cancer clinicians for giving ‘too little’ information belie the complexity of their task in simultaneously managing information needs and hope. The ‘information spectrum’ could help educators and clinicians to understand this task. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal Perturbation and Rainfall Runoff have Greater Impact on Seasonal Solute Loads than Physical Disturbance of the Active Layer
Authors: Lafrenière Melissa J. , Lamoureux Scott F. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTClimate warming in the Arctic will alter hydrological processes and biogeochemical exports from the landscape. Studies have reported that thermokarst disturbances and active‐layer deepening increase solute concentrations in surface waters, but neither the spatial extent nor duration of the impacts of these changes is well understood. We measured total dissolved solute (TDS) concentrations and normalised seasonal TDS fluxes (kg mm‐1) in a series of small headwater catchments in the Canadian High Arctic over three consecutive summers (2007–09) to examine the impact of thermal perturbation (increased soil temperatures) and physical disturbance (active‐layer detachment slides) on solute dynamics in permafrost catchments. We find that usually high July soil temperatures (thermal perturbation) in 2007 resulted in a near‐doubling of solute fluxes during the two subsequent summers, including in a catchment where there was no physical disturbance despite significantly cooler conditions. Solute concentrations increased with the spatial extent of physical disturbances, especially towards the end of the melt season. However, total seasonal solute fluxes did not always increase with the spatial extent of physical disturbances. The results show that the impact of the disturbance area on seasonal solute flux is limited by discharge and hydrological connectivity of the disturbed areas, and that summer rainfall allows for enhanced export of solutes from catchments subject to physical disturbance. Hence, seasonal solute export in these permafrost catchments was more sensitive to thermal perturbations and rainfall runoff than to physical disturbance of the active layer. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural insights into the recognition of β3 integrin cytoplasmic tail by the SH3 domain of Src kinase
Authors: Katyal Priya , Puthenveetil Robbins , Vinogradova Olga 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSrc kinase plays an important role in integrin signaling by regulating cytoskeletal organization and cell remodeling. Previous in vivo studies have revealed that the SH3 domain of c‐Src kinase directly associates with the C‐terminus of β3 integrin cytoplasmic tail. Here, we explore this binding interface with a combination of different spectroscopic and computational methods. Chemical shift mapping, PRE, transferred NOE and CD data were used to obtain a docked model of the complex. This model suggests a different binding mode from the one proposed through previous studies wherein, the C‐terminal end of β3 spans the region in between the RT and n‐Src loops of SH3 domain. Furthermore, we show that tyrosine phosphorylation of β3 prevents this interaction, supporting the notion of a constitutive interaction between β3 integrin and Src kinase.