bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Effect of Melatonin on CCl4-Induced Fibrotic Liver Model by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway in Pinealectomized Rats
Authors: Cinar Derya , Altinoz Eyup , Elbe Hulya , Bicer Yasemin , Cetinavci Dilan , Ozturk Ipek , Colak Tuncay 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model in pinealectomized rats and biochemically, immunohistochemically, and histopathologically investigate the therapeutic effect of melatonin on liver fibrosis. The surgical procedure for pinealectomy was performed at the beginning of the study, and the sham and pinealectomized rats were administered CCl4 dissolved in corn oil (1:1) alone every other day to induce liver fibrosis or together with melatonin (10 mg/kg) therapy for 15 days. Melatonin is an essential therapeutic agent and offers an alternative therapeutic strategy in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Treatment with melatonin ameliorated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by restoring hepatocellular damage and reducing plasma AST, ALT, and ALP values. Melatonin increases the activity of SOD and CAT, which are important enzymes for antioxidant defence, and raises GSH levels, which further enhances antioxidant function. Also, melatonin reduced hepatic inflammation (IL-6 and IL-1β) and oxidative stress indices. Moreover, histopathological changes and immunohistochemical expression of TGF-β1 were restored following melatonin supplementation in the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model in pinealectomized rats. Our study shows that melatonin supplementation has a beneficial effect in protecting the liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in pinealectomized rats.
Developing College Students’ Jewish Appreciation: A Four-year Mixed-methods Study
Authors: Selznick Benjamin S. , Mayhew Matthew J. , Winkler Christa E. , Shaheen Musbah , Rockenbach Alyssa N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to understand the climates and contexts that promote college students’ development of appreciative attitudes toward Jews over four college years. Drawing on an established theoretical framework and a comprehensive literature foundation, we approached this question through an integrative mixed-methods perspective. We recruited a longitunidal sample of 9,470 students from 122 campuses in the United States and generated qualitative focus group data from 268 students at 18 campuses. Findings demonstrated that a host of student characteristics (e.g., political identification), psychological perceptions (e.g., space for support, negative engagement) and participation in formal and informal interfaith activities were associated with the development of Jewish appreciation. Meta-inferences are discussed, future directions offered, and initial conclusions provided.
Aspect-based drug review classification through a hybrid model with ant colony optimization using deep learning
Authors: Durga Putta , Godavarthi Deepthi , Kant Shashi , Basa Santi Swarup 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe task of aspect-level sentiment analysis is intricately designed to determine the sentiment polarity directed towards a specific target within a sentence. With the increasing availability of online reviews and the growing importance of healthcare decisions, analyzing drug reviews has become a critical task. Traditional sentiment analysis, which categorizes a whole review as positive, negative, or neutral, provides limited insights for consumers and healthcare professionals. Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) aims to overcome these limitations by identifying and evaluating the sentiment associated with specific aspects or attributes of drugs mentioned in the reviews. Various fields, including business, politics, and medicine, have been explored in the context of sentiment analysis. Automation of online user reviews allows pharmaceutical companies to assess large amounts of user feedback. This helps extract pharmacological efficacy and side effect insights. The data collected could improve pharmacovigilance. Reviewing user comments can provide valuable data that can be used to improve drug safety and efficacy monitoring procedures. This improves pharmacovigilance processes, improving pharmaceutical outcomes understanding and corporate decision-making. Therefore, we propose a pre-trained RoBERTa with a Bi-LSTM model to categorise drug reviews from online sources and pre-process the text data. Ant Colony Optimization can be used in feature selection for ABSA, helping to identify the most relevant aspects and sentiments. Further, RoBERTa is fine-tuned to perform ABSA on the dataset, enabling the system to categorize aspects and determine the associated sentiment. The outcomes reveal that the suggested framework has achieved higher accuracy (96.78%) and F1 score (98.29%) on druglib.com, and 95.02% on the drugs.com dataset, than several prior state-of-the-art methods.
Beyond Reasonableness: Argumentative Virtues in Pragma-Dialectics
Authors: Gascón José Ángel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe pragma-dialectical research program begins with a philosophical estate, in which a conception of reasonableness is offered that must serve as ground for the theoretical estate. Pragma-dialectics has produced many important insights in the theoretical estate, including the ideal model and the rules for critical discussions. However, here I will argue that the conception of reasonableness that the pragma-dialecticians adopt in the philosophical estate, based on anti-dogmatism, assumption of fallibilism and willingness to engage in critical discussion, is too narrow to support the whole system of pragma-dialectical rules. What the philosophical estate requires is a broad and rich conception of excellent performance in argumentative practice, which then the rules of the critical discussion are intended to capture systematically in the theoretical estate. In my view, a virtue approach to argumentation is the ideal framework for such a philosophical ground. Virtues such as intellectual empathy, intellectual honesty, faith in reason, or recognition of reliable authority, point towards aspects of a philosophical conception of excellent arguing that are absent in the pragma-dialectical view of reasonableness. Finally, I will argue that what pragma-dialecticians call “second-order conditions” for a critical discussion are better understood as minimal argumentative virtue, a basic degree of virtue that arguers are required to possess in order to be prepared to participate in a fruitful critical discussion. The possession of such a basic degree of argumentative virtue is, I believe, what we mean when we characterise someone as reasonable.
Black swans swimming in product streams: method for including unplanned events in life cycle assessment
Authors: Hermansson Frida , Arvidsson Rickard , Svanström Magdalena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Unplanned events such as accidents and more massive black-swan events are contingent to modern technology. However, varying approaches and inconsistent guidelines make the inclusion of unplanned events in life cycle assessment (LCA) uncommon and challenging. This paper discusses the relevance of considering unplanned events in LCA and shows how they can be included in LCA practice.

Method
A theoretical background to the concepts of black swans, accidents, and unplanned events is first provided. We then propose a method for how unplanned events can be included in LCA practice, illustrated through three cases: (i) a sabotage in the energy system, (ii) an accident in the use phase, and (iii) a sudden policy change.

Results
The results show that unplanned events can be included and may significantly affect LCA results, sometimes even fulfilling criteria for black-swan events.

Conclusions
We suggest that unplanned events should be included in LCA when relevant, e.g. as one scenario in LCAs of product systems sensitive to accidents. We also suggest that changes in flows due to unplanned events should be considered in unit processes, so that their impacts become distributed across downstream product systems depending on demand for the unit-process output.
A comparison of brown fat tissue related hormone levels in metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals with obesity
Authors: Mutlu Hacer Hicran , Koç Ada Saniye , Uzunlulu Mehmet , Mutlu Hasan Hüseyin , Sargın Mehmet , Oğuz Aytekin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
One of the key functions of brown adipose tissue is its positive impact on metabolism. This study aimed to examine the potential involvement of brown fat-related hormones in the development of metabolically healthy obesity. Specifically, we sought to compare the levels of NRG4, FGF21, and irisin between metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals with obesity.

Methods
Patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and aged between 20 and 50 years were included in the study. Among these patients, those who did not have any metabolic syndrome criteria except for increased waist circumference were defined as metabolically healthy obese. Age, gender, BMI, body fat, and muscle mass, matched metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese groups were compared in terms of FGF21, irisin, and NRG4 levels.

Results
Metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese groups were similar in terms of age and gender. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of BMI, weight, total body fat, muscle, fat-free mass, distribution of body fat and muscle mass. No statistically significant difference was found between irisin, NRG4, and FGF21 levels between metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals with obesity. It was found that irisin had a significant inverse correlation with BMI and body fat percentage.

Conclusion
The present study showed no difference between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals in terms of irisin, FGF21, and NRG4 levels. The weak association between irisin and BMI and body fat percentage may suggest a potential link between irisin with metabolic health.
Norwegian Health Professionals’ Attitudes Toward Addressing Sexual Health with People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Devik Siri Andreassen , Henriksen Stine Marlen , Areskoug-Josefsson Kristina , Olsen Rose Mari 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionStaff working with individuals with intellectual disabilities face challenges addressing sexual health. Professionals in this context have diverse backgrounds and education, and little is known about their attitudes and skills in providing support for a healthy sexual life and preventing abuse. Moreover, this topic has not been explored in the Norwegian context. The current study examined health professionals’ attitudes toward addressing sexual health with individuals with intellectual disabilities in Norwegian municipal health and care services.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using the Norwegian version of the professionals’ attitudes toward addressing sexual health among 72 health professionals working in municipal services for people with intellectual disabilities in Mid-Norway. The data was collected from November 2022 to January 2023.ResultsThe professionals reported feeling partially comfortable and prepared to address sexual health issues with clients. They consistently expressed a need for more basic knowledge about sexual health and training in communicating about sexuality. Attitudes toward addressing sexual health varied based on the professionals’ education, gender, age, and work experience.ConclusionsMore targeted training on sexual health is needed within the educational programmes in health and social sciences. Sexual health should also be continuously addressed in the workplace and among colleagues. The differences in attitudes between professionals indicate that the composition of the staff benefits from diversity.Policy ImplicationsHealthcare managers are responsible for ensuring greater openness and reflection on attitudes toward sexuality among individuals with intellectual disabilities in workplaces. Educational institutions must provide the necessary skill development and training in communication about sexual health for this client group.
Should We Discourage AI Extension? Epistemic Responsibility and AI
Authors: Naeem Hadeel , Hauser Julian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe might worry that our seamless reliance on AI systems makes us prone to adopting the strange errors that these systems commit. One proposed solution is to design AI systems so that they are not phenomenally transparent to their users. This stops cognitive extension and the automatic uptake of errors. Although we acknowledge that some aspects of AI extension are concerning, we can address these concerns without discouraging transparent employment altogether. First, we believe that the potential danger should be put into perspective – many unreliable technologies are unlikely to be used transparently precisely because they are unreliable. Second, even an agent who transparently employs a resource may reflect on its reliability. Finally, agents can rely on a process transparently and be yanked out of their transparent use when it turns problematic. When an agent is responsive to the reliability of their process in this way, they have epistemically integrated it, and the beliefs they form with it are formed responsibly. This prevents the agent from automatically incorporating problematic beliefs. Responsible (and transparent) use of AI resources – and consequently responsible AI extension – is hence possible. We end the paper with several design and policy recommendations that encourage epistemic integration of AI-involving belief-forming processes. Keywords: phenomenal transparency, artificial intelligence, cognitive extension, adversarial attack, cognitive integration.
Strategic Development of Ni–Cu–Fe2O3 Composite Coatings to Strengthen Mild Steel Against Corrosion
Authors: Krishnaraj P. , Navada Meghana K , Aroor Ganesha , Shetty Akshatha R 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMild steel is extensively employed in various industries due to its affordability and versatility. However, its susceptibility to corrosion poses a significant challenge. This study explores the efficacy of protecting mild steel by applying coatings composed of highly noble copper and its alloys. In this direction, Ni–Cu alloy and Ni–Cu–Fe2O3 coating have been developed from a sulfate citrate bath on mild steel through the electrodeposition method. The alloy and composite coating deposition was done at different current densities 1 A dm−2, 2 A dm−2, 3 A dm−2, and 4 A dm−2. The copper content of the coating has increased with an increase in current density in both alloy and composite coatings. The deposit with a high Copper content showed lower crystallite size with a lower corrosion rate value at a current density of 3 A dm−2. The trace addition of Fe2O3 into the Ni–Cu alloy matrix has improved the overall corrosion resistance of the mild steel materials as compared to bare Ni–Cu alloy coating.
Greener and Sustainable Production: Production of Industrial Zinc (II) Acetate Solution and Recovery of Some Metals (Zn, Pb, Ag) from Zinc Plant Residue by Ultrasound-Assisted Leaching
Authors: Sarı Zeynel Abidin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractZinc plant residue (ZPR) contains significant amounts of valuable metal (Zn, Pb, Ag, etc.) compounds, as well as various heavy metals and harmful compounds that pollute the environment. Processing such residues allows for the recovery and reuse of valuable metals, which is crucial for sustainable resource management. This study investigated a two-stage leaching process of Zn, Pb, and Ag recovery from ZPR. The first stage of ultrasonic-assisted leaching of ZPR was applied to produce an industrial selective zinc acetate solution. Leaching experiments were carried out with an ultrasonic device in the presence of acetic acid, known as organic acid. Under optimum leaching conditions, the extraction of Zn and Fe metals was obtained as 76.13% and 1.32% Fe, respectively. According to the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis results on the original sample and ultrasonic leaching residue (ULR), the BET surface area and micropore area increased. However, the mean adsorption pore width decreased. In the second stage, conventional sodium chloride leaching was applied to recover lead and silver from the remaining solid after the first stage. Under the optimum conditions in this stage, 80.12% of Pb and 96.2% of Ag were extracted. The presence of coordination between Zn2+/AcO− (acetate) and Pb2+/Cl− complexes in the leaching solution was revealed by Raman spectroscopy. Finally, according to the characterization analysis of the final leaching residue, it was determined that iron oxides and silicate species accumulated in the solid. In conclusion, a significant reduction in the rate of pollution and toxic metals in ZPR was noticed.
Graphical Abstract
Effect of Expanded Glass Lightweight Aggregate on the Performance of Geopolymer Mortar at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Al Mohammad Ahmad , ÇEVİK Abdulkadir , Jwaida Zahraa , Shubbar Ali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe greenhouse gas emissions associated with conventional concrete as a result of the cement industry have prompted scientists to search for eco-friendly alternatives. Among these promising alternatives is geopolymer concrete or mortar. This work studies the impact of using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and lightweight expanded glass (EG) aggregate on the mechanical behaviour of lightweight geopolymer mortar (LWGM) at various temperatures (room temperature, 250 °C, and 500 °C). EG was utilized to partially replace the sand by 10 and 20%. Limited studies dealt with geopolymer mortar based on such composition at high temperatures. The geopolymer mortar was created using slag as the main precursor activated by a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Various combinations were produced, and their behaviour was observed at room and high temperatures. Several tests such as workability, compressive and flexural strengths, density, stress-strain relationship, load-displacement behaviour, and uniaxial tensile strength were performed. The findings of the study indicate that the density and compressive strength of geopolymer mortar reduced with increasing the replacement level by the EG. However, the utilization of 10% EG can produce a lightweight mortar with a compressive strength of 17.9 at 28 days. Moreover, the use of 1% PVA significantly improves the mechanical performance. Furthermore, the mechanical characteristics of the materials were considerably altered when subjected to extreme temperatures of 500 °C as observed from experimental data.
Research-based learning as an innovative approach for teaching students of environmental engineering: a case study of the emerging field of microplastics in soil
Authors: Shah Tavseef Mairaj , Jannesarahmadi Sahar , Shokri-Kuehni Salome , Ellinger Dorothea , Brose Andrea , Or Dani , Shokri Nima 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe implemented research-based learning (RBL) as an alternative to traditional frontal classroom lectures and laboratory sessions to impart knowledge on the emerging topic of microplastics in soil to students. The RBL module aimed at studying how microplastics (MPs) affect soil processes. We designed low-cost, small-scale and simple experiments for master’s students in Environmental Engineering at the Hamburg University of Technology. Students reported a clear understanding of concepts underlined by their presentation of the results and enthusiasm towards future exploration for their master’s or doctoral projects evidenced by a number of students carrying out research projects in the same field after finishing the module. The experiments were consequently published as an online learning module with the Hamburg Open Online University, to make them accessible for other students. The recent push in the education sector to include innovative teaching and learning methodologies offers new opportunities for RBL that are practical and replicable learning experiences that foster students’ research and problem-solving skills in areas of chemical, soil physics and environmental engineering fields.
Replication to first-year undergraduate students’ knowledge of academic misconduct
Authors: Locquiao Jed , Ives Bob 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStudent academic misconduct continues to vex higher education institutions in the United States and internationally. The COVID pandemic learning environment yielded more rather than less reports of student academic misconduct. Substantial empirical research has considered the nature of academic misconduct in higher education institutions by identifying its antecedents and correlates. But given the reproducibility crisis in social research, the quality of knowledge that students have on academic misconduct warrants further empirical corroboration. With the intent to replicate, this study used Quantitative Content Analysis to examine 2631 written responses from first-year undergraduate students as they participated in academic misconduct programming implemented by a public university in the United States. Results reported a staggering proportion of first-year students possess piecemeal (at best) or non-existent (at worst) knowledge over citations/references and cheating. Furthermore, such proportions are uneven according to specific college membership. Results corroborate prior research that first-year undergraduate students hold limited understanding of academic misconduct in its premises, patterns, and processes. In turn, results support the design and use of systematic preventive mechanisms to address academic misconduct among higher education institutions.
Enhanced cooperation increases the capacity for conflict
Authors: McDermott Rose 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Enhanced cooperation increases the capacity for humans to engage in large-scale warfare. This ability provides the foundation for male coalitionary behavior, leaving open the question of whether cooperation evolved in the same way, or for the same purpose, in females. Such coalitionary behavior entrains hierarchical forms of leadership that remain inherently unstable, providing a spark for conflict to emerge.
Stability of H2O‐Rich Fluid in the Deep Mantle Indicated by the MgO‐SiO2‐H2O Phase Relations at 23 GPa and 2,000 K
Authors: Fei Hongzhan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Earth's mantle contains significant amounts of water in the form of hydroxyl in hydrous minerals, nominally anhydrous minerals, and hydrous silicate melts. H2O fluid is thought to be present only in the shallow regions because it will always dissolve tens of weight percent of silicates by forming hydrous silicate melt in the deep mantle. Here I investigated the phase relations in the MgO‐SiO2‐H2O system by high‐pressure experiments at a pressure of 23 GPa and a temperature of 2,000 K, corresponding to the conditions at the bottom of the mantle transition zone and the topmost lower mantle. The experimental results indicate that hydrous melt can contain more than 90 wt.% of H2O, that is, it becomes H2O‐rich fluid when coexists only with stishovite. In contrast, silicate‐rich hydrous melt is formed when the system is enriched with MgO component. Therefore, H2O‐rich fluid may be stabilized in locally SiO2‐enriched rocks even at the topmost lower mantle, acting as a water source for the deep lower mantle by slab subduction. The H2O fluid also provide a possible cause for the occurrence of natural ice‐VII originated from 660 km depth.