bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
I like that doll: Japanese children’s, parents’, and adults’ racial preferences toward dolls and peers
Authors: Okanda Mako , Xianwei Meng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Toys help shape children’s perceptions of others and the world (e.g., aspects like racial diversity). Despite Japan’s reputation as one of the most traditional Eastern regions, its doll market predominantly features dolls with whitish features rather than Asian or other ethnic characteristics. It remains uncertain whether this preference for whitish dolls is driven by the choices of Japanese children, adults, or both. This study investigated the preferences of Japanese children aged three to nine, parents, and non-parents regarding dolls of different races, including Asian, Black, and White. Participants were asked to choose their favorite, most attractive, or kindest dolls or peers. Additionally, we examined whether the doll or peer preferences of children aligned with those of parents. Children exhibited an anti-Black bias toward dolls but showed a preference for their racial peers. Both adult groups demonstrated a pro-White bias, particularly when selecting the most attractive dolls or peers. Notably, the dolls parents chose for their children did not align with the children’s preferences, indicating that Japanese parents prioritize their own preferences over those of their children. Furthermore, Japanese children could accurately identify themselves as Asian when presented with dolls and human peers.
Bias and negative values of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness estimates from a test-negative design without controlling for prior SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Wiegand Ryan , Fireman Bruce , Najdowski Morgan , Tenforde Mark , Link-Gelles Ruth , Ferdinands Jill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Test-negative designs (TNDs) are used to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE). Protection from infection-induced immunity may confound the association between case and vaccination status, but collecting reliable infection history can be challenging. If vaccinated individuals have less infection-induced protection than unvaccinated individuals, failure to account for infection history could underestimate VE, though the bias is not well understood. We simulated individual-level SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination histories. VE against symptomatic infection and VE against severe disease estimates unadjusted for infection history underestimated VE compared to estimates adjusted for infection history, and unadjusted estimates were more likely to be below 0%. TNDs assessing VE immediately following vaccine rollout introduced the largest bias and potential for negative VE against symptomatic infection. Despite the potential for bias, VE estimates from TNDs without prior infection information are useful because underestimation is rarely more than 8 percentage points.
Insilico Analysis of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Pathway in Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Sundeep Lakshmi , Shaffic Lusiba , R Rakshambika , Vaidani Mounika , S.K Roshifa , Y Aswin , Chevula Vijaya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Ischemic stroke is one of the types of strokes related to the low oxygen supply to the brain cells. It is subdivided into cardioembolic stroke, large artery atherosclerosis stroke, small vessel occlusion and cryptogenic stroke. The stroke is symptomized by body weakness or paralysis on one side. Its development is correlated to the genetic variations of the SERPINA1 gene that produces variants such as Z-allele variant where glutamic acid is replaced with lysine, S-allele variant where glutamic is replaced by valine and the normal M-allele variant which leads to the synthesis of less amount of AAT coupled with its deficiency (AATD) and lowering of AAT activity against the neutrophil elastase that degrades elastin in the lung tissue reducing the permeation of oxygen to the blood stream. In this study, various computational tools such as Heartbio portal, genotype-tissue expression platforms have been employed to retrieve data that relates to the stroke. The pathways in which SERPINA1 participates are identified and the genes involved in them with a regulation activity relating to the stroke were analyzed. The identified genes can be applied as biomarkers to trace the potential development of the stroke in patients with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity and others. Additionally, the genes can be employed in the therapeutical treatments of the stroke patients.
Consideration of Cybersecurity in the Benefit-Risk Analysis of Medical Devices: A Scoping Review and Recommendations
Authors: Freyer Oscar , Jahed Fatemeh , Ostermann Max , Rosenzweig Christian , Werner Pascal , Gilbert Stephen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The integration of connected medical devices (cMDs) in healthcare brings benefits but also introduces new, often challenging-to-assess risks related to cybersecurity. Addressing those risks in the benefit-risk analysis (BRA), an integral step in the approval process, is required by regulations in the EU and US. This scoping review aims to identify current legal frameworks, guidelines, and standards in the US and EU on how cybersecurity-related risks should be considered in the BRA. We identified 21 documents issued by multiple standard organisations and regulatory agencies. While guidelines recognise cybersecurity-related risks, they lack the description of detailed methods. Some standards and technical reports provide methods and examples for a security BRA, while others only loosely describe methods that could be adapted to consider cybersecurity-related risks. Some separate security and safety BRAs, while others call for holistic approaches. To enhance patient safety and device effectiveness, standardised frameworks for cybersecurity-related risks should be developed.
Evaluating two models of postpartum family planning counseling on contraceptive uptake: evidence from a repeated cross-sectional study in Ghana
Authors: Eustis-Guthrie Sarah , Williamson Ben , Awal Alhassan Mohammed , Abako Anthony Suguru , Issah Abdul Rahman , Fist Catherine , Gálvez Sofía Martínez 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Integrating family planning programming into postpartum care is widely established as an effective approach to improve access to family planning. We conducted a pilot in 6 hospitals in northern Ghana to evaluate the effectiveness of two approaches at improving contraceptive uptake. These approaches were: 1) family planning counseling during postnatal care (PNC) appointments and; 2) family planning messaging and referrals during immunization/child welfare clinic (CWC) sessions in the first year postpartum.
Methods
This study used a two-arm non-randomized repeated cross-sectional design. We surveyed 205 women pre-intervention and 226 women post-intervention.
Results
We observed no statistically significant effects on actual or intended contraceptive use in either arm at immediate surveying. Results from two-week phone surveying (n = 202) suggest a 22% increase in contraceptive use (p< .01) and a 25.3% increase in intended use (p <.05) post-intervention in the PNC arm and no statistically significant effects in the CWC arm; however, this data is only suggestive due to its small sample size. High rates of breastfeeding and prolonged postpartum abstinence suggest that the majority surveyed were not at high risk of pregnancy irrespective of modern contraceptive use.
Conclusions
While the relatively small sample size and non-randomized study design limit the generalizability of the findings, the results suggest that contraceptive counseling at CWC may have limited effect on contraceptive uptake, while counseling at PNC is more promising yet still mixed. High rates of breastfeeding and prolonged postpartum abstinence suggest that changes in contraceptive uptake in the first year postpartum in similar contexts may have a reduced effect on unintended pregnancies; this supports similar recent findings in the literature.
Trial registration
Not applicable.
Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of open angle glaucoma
Authors: Galvez-Olortegui Jose , Bernales-Urbina Susan , Jarroudi Rachid Bouchikh-El , Mollo-Bautista Rosmery , Silva-Ocas Isabel , Burgueño-Montañes Carmen , Galvez-Olortegui Tomas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Précis:
Clinical Practice Guidelines(CPGs) for Open Angle Glaucoma(OAG) have evolved through the years and differ in their methodological quality. NICE, IETSI and SNSG have a high methodological quality, appraised with AGREE-II.
Topic:
To assess the methodological quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for the diagnosis and management of open angle glaucoma (OAG).
Clinical relevance:
An assessment of the methodological quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for the diagnosis and management of open angle glaucoma (OAG) is reported.
Methods:
A systematic review of CPGs for the diagnosis and management of OAG, published between January-2017 and November-2023, was carried out with a search in databases, metasearch engines, CPG development institutions, ophthalmology associations and CPG repositories. A search update was run in January 2024. Protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO: CRD42024510656. Nine CPGs published in English/Spanish, between 2017 and 2024 were selected, and 5 authors evaluated them independently, using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE-II) instrument. An individual assessment by domain (AGREE-II), an overall assessment of the guide, and its use with or without modifications was performed. Additionally, a meta-synthesis of the recommendations for the most relevant outcomes of each CPG was performed.
Results:
The lowest scores were in applicability and rigour of development (mean 47.9% and 48% respectively). The highest score (mean 72.1%) was for domain 4 ‘clarity of presentation’. NICE (92.1%), IETSI (77.5%) and SNSG (75.8%) presented the best score in domain 3 ‘Rigour of development’. When evaluating the overall quality of the CPGs analysed, only NICE, EGS-5-TGG, SNS and MaHTAS could be recommended with modifications. All the CPGs used GRADE approach for making recommendations. In the meta-synthesis, recommendations are similar between CPG, however variability was found in selective laser trabeculoplasty and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery indications (MIGS).
Conclusions:
NICE, IETSI and SNSG CPGs for the diagnosis and management of OAG, have a high methodological quality, appraised with AGREE-II. NICE, EGS-5-TGG, IETSI and SNSG have high scores in applicability.
Effects of the interaction between Linnean and Darwinian shortfalls on diversification gradients
Authors: Tavares Guilherme Rogie Gonçalves , Frateles Lívia Estéfane Fernandes , Diniz-Filho José Alexandre F. 
Published: August 2024

It is now widely recognized that broad-scale patterns in species richness, particularly the Latitudinal Diversity Gradients (LDGs), are driven by complex interactions among ecological, evolutionary, and historical processes. However, even if it is now possible to better evaluate evolutionary explanations for LDGs based on speciation and diversification rates estimated from phylogenies, a subtle interaction between such estimates and the geographic structure of the Linnean shortfall, forming the Latitudinal Taxonomy Gradient (LTG), was recently recognized. Here, we expand on previous simulation results and show that a relatively small geographical bias in the Linnean shortfall, adding less than 20% of new species phylogenetically correlated with previously described ones in the southern (richer) region, would be enough to change the patterns in diversification rates, based on different methods (tip rates DR and GeoSSE). Further investigations of the magnitude of LTG and new empirical modeling of problems in species delimitation are thus necessary to evaluate the robustness of the estimates of the diversification gradients to biased knowledge and taxonomic uncertainty, allowing a better understanding of the evolutionary dynamics underlying LDGs.
Geographical patterns in the Linnean shortfall, creating Latitudinal Taxonomy Gradients (LTGs), may jeopardize robust estimates of diversification gradients and our understanding of processes underlying diversity patterns.
Simulations show that a relatively small geographic bias in the Linnean shortfall, adding new undiscovered species phylogenetically close to the known ones, is sufficient to invert patterns in diversification rates estimated by two distinct methods.
A more comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of diversification gradients in respect to the LTGs is necessary to evaluate the robustness of our understanding of LDGs.
Empirical modeling of species delimitation quality and simulations adding small branches in the phylogenies, mitigating simultaneously both Linnean and Darwinian shortfalls, may provide more consistent evidence for drivers of LDGs accounting for taxonomic uncertainty.
Peak beta diversity occurs at regional spatial grains
Authors: Ohyama Leo , Bogota-Gregory Juan D. , Jenkins David G. 
Published: August 2024

Beta diversity (β) quantifies the dissimilarity between communities and is thus fundamental to biogeography and spatial ecology. However, multiple and conflicting hypotheses exist to explain how β varies with spatial scale (here grain within a constant extent). Some resolution on spatial scaling of β may help clarify long-standing debate about: (a) β itself and (b) the ecological community concept, because the clearest spatial size of an ecological community corresponds to the scale with maximal β. Here we test five alternative hypotheses for β spatial scaling by calculating β for four very different taxa (ants, birds, diatoms, and trees) at spatial grains ranging from one to one million km2 in a constant spatial extent (contiguous USA). We also test repeatability for: (a) summer and winter bird β in six consecutive years; (b) trees through time (4 years, spaced 5 years apart). Specifically, we organize point data into hexagonal polygons, and then calculate mean pairwise β between each hexagon and its neighbors. We also calculate the deviation of β from two null models (assuming either spatial heterogeneity or homogeneity). For multiple reasons, β deviation based on spatial heterogeneity was preferable to that based on spatial homogeneity. For all taxa, β peaks at regional scales: trees ~300 km2; winter birds ~500 km2; summer birds ~2000 km2; ants ~2000 km2; diatoms ~11,000 km2. Also, spatial scaling is consistent inter-annually (birds, trees) and sensitive to seasonality (birds). Results broadly support the regional community concept and, based on the variety of taxa evaluated here, similar patterns are likely across the tree of life. Local ecological and evolutionary forces scale up to form regional community patterns and results here support efforts to coordinate local conservation efforts in regions (e.g., corridors and networks) to best conserve biodiversity.
Beta diversity peaked at substantial spatial scales for all taxa evaluated here (ants, birds, diatoms, trees), suggesting a general pattern.
The regional community concept advanced by Robert Ricklefs is supported empirically, in preference to four other hypotheses also tested.
Beta diversity calculations used a relatively new deviation from a spatially heterogeneous null, which modestly adjusted observed beta diversity.
Results support use of this newer beta deviation rather than the older beta deviation based on spatial homogeneity.
Given that ecological communities appear regional in scale, local biodiversity conservation work can best ensure success if it is regionally coordinated.
Response surface modelling and optimization for copper removal from acid mine drainage using oxidized Himalayan pine needle biochar
Authors: Mohan Chander , Bashir Misbah , Annachhatre Ajit , Dikshit Anil Kumar 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

This study aims to investigate and compare the adsorption behaviour of pine needle biochar (PNB) and H2O2-oxidized PNB (OPNB) in eliminating Cu(II) from acid mine drainage. The PNB and OPNB adsorbents undergo comprehensive characterization through various techniques (BET, FTIR, SEM, and pHPZC). A central composite design was employed for designing experiments and optimizing the impact of process factors (metal concentration, adsorbent doses, contact time, and pH) on adsorption capacity. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion kinetics models as well as Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used to analyze the experimental data. Langmuir isotherm best fit (R2 &gt; 0.99) the experimental data and adsorption capacities of 29.49 and 102.04 mg/g, were determined for PNB and OPNB, respectively. Under optimized experimental conditions, desorption studies revealed the reusability of OPNB about 80% even after four cycles. Fixed-bed column experiments were conducted at ambient temperature with an initial Cu(II) concentration of 125 mg/L and 5.0 g of adsorbent, utilizing a flow rate of 1 mL/min for both PNB and OPNB. These results indicate that oxidized biochar, synthesized for Cu(II) remediation, not only addresses Himalayan pine needle concerns sustainably but also exhibits potential applicability for removing other metal ions from aqueous environments.
Modeling climate change projection and its impact on the streamflow in the Yadot watershed, Genale Dawa basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Abdule Abay Mustefa , Muluneh Alemayehu , Woldemichael Abraham 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Varied streamflow response to climate between river basins and seasons highlight the importance of further research on different basins and watersheds in different seasons to help plan adaptation options at watershed scale. This study investigated the hydrological impacts of climate change over the Yadot watershed. The multi model ensemble of three regional climate models (CCLM4.8, RACMO22T, and RCA4) under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios for 2021 -2050 and 2051–2080 were used. The SWAT model was used to simulate the streamflow. Climate model projections have indicated that precipitation will slightly increase during both the wet and dry seasons from 0.59%–2.08% and 0.02%–1.59%, respectively. The annual projected precipitation will increase by 0.13%–1.66%. The change in the projected maximum and minimum temperatures in both dry and wet seasons increased by a range of 0.61°C–1.9°C and 0.65°C–2.07°C, respectively. Similarly, the change in the projected minimum temperatures in both dry and wet seasons increased by a range of 1.07°C–2.01°C and 0.06°C–1.66°C, respectively. The wet and dry season streamflow increased by 6.23%–9.36% and 3.16%–5.46%, respectively. The findings of this study can help to guide water resources planners and designers in planning and managing water resources effectively for future use.
Media Slide “BUSAN 3D” Berbasis Augmented Reality untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa terhadap Kebudayaan Nusantara
Authors: Ni Kadek Tania Amanda Marjaya  , Gede Wira Bayu  
Published: August 2024

Rendahnya pemahaman kebudayaan nusantara siswa SD dan minimnya penggunaan media pembelajaran yang inovatif dalam proses belajar. Tujuan penelitian pengembangan ini adalah menciptakan media slide “BUSAN 3D” berbasis augmented reality (AR) untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap kebudayaan nusantara bagi siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan menggunakan model ADDIE. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, angket, dan tes. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif, deskriptif kuantitatif, dan statistik inferensial. Subjek uji coba penelitian ini adalah media slide “BUSAN 3D” berbasis AR pada materi kebudayaan nusantara kelas IV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan validasi ahli materi diperoleh 97,27%, ahli media diperoleh 93,99% dengan kualifikasi sangat baik. Hasil tingkat kepraktisan media dari penilaian guru mendapatkan 100%, dari siswa mendapatkan 93,30%, maka tingkat kepraktisan media dikualifikasikan sangat praktis. Hasil uji-t menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan pemahaman terhadap kebudayaan nusantara yang signifikan siswa kelas IV SD setelah belajar menggunakan media slide “BUSAN 3D” berbasis AR. Disimpulkan bahwa media slide “BUSAN 3D” berbasis AR efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap kebudayaan nusantara bagi siswa kelas IV SD. Implikasi penelitian ini yaitu media slide “BUSAN 3D” berbasis AR dapat membantu guru dalam proses pembelajaran.
Effect of Zinc Application on Growth, Yield, Zinc uptake and Zinc Use Indices of Rice
Authors: Karmakar Mrinmoy , Sarkar Narayan Chandra , Shivay Yashbir Singh , Pramanik Kalipada 
Published: August 2024

A field experiment was conducted at the agriculture farm, Palli Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Birbhum, West Bengal, India during kharif (rainy) seasons (June–September) of 2016 and 2017 to study effect of zinc application on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of rice. The experiment was laid out in split plot design replicated thrice, consisting two main plot treatments i.e. crop establishment methods (CEMs) and seven sub-plot treatments (levels of zinc and methods of application). Two CEMs were direct seeded rice (DSR) and transplanted puddled rice (TPR) and seven levels of zinc and methods of application were namely control (Zn0), Seed coating of Zn @ 1250 mg kg-1 (Zn1), Seed coating of Zn @ 2500 mg kg-1 (Zn2), Seed coating of Zn @ 3750 mg kg-1 (Zn3), two foliar sprays @ 1050 mg kg-1 (Zn4), three foliar spray @ 1050 mg kg-1 (Zn5), 2500 mg kg-1 seed coating+2-foliar spray @ 1050 mg kg-1 (Zn6). In respect of yield attribute and yield, Zn6 resulted significantly highest number of Panicle m-2 as well as number of filled grains panicle-1. Zn3 though recorded 5.7% more grain yield than Zn6 but later Zn6 resulted highest zinc concentration and uptake. Zn1 recorded highest zinc use indices. Zn1 resulted much highest Zn use efficiency than foliar application and combined application of seed coating and foliar spray. Correlation between Zn levels and Zn concentration in both grain and straw of rice was highly positive; very highly positive correlation was recorded with the Zn levels and Zn uptake by both grain and straw.