bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning how to develop a research question throughout the PhD process: training challenges, objectives, and scaffolds drawn from doctoral programs for students and their supervisors
Authors: Girard Nathalie , Cardona Aurélie , Fiorelli Cécile 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the higher education reform putting forward the professionalization of doctoral students, doctoral education has been strongly focused on generic transferable skills to ensure employability. However, doctoral training should not forget core skills of research and especially the ability to formulate research questions, which are the key to original research and difficult to develop at the same time. Learning how to develop a research question is traditionally seen as a one-to-one learning process and an informal daily transmission between a novice and a senior researcher. The objective of this paper is to offer a framework to design doctoral programs aimed at supporting the process of development of research questions for doctoral candidates guided by their supervisors. We base our proposal on two doctoral training programs designed with a pedagogical strategy based on dialogs with peers, whether they be students, supervisors, or trainers from a diversity of scientific backgrounds. The resulting framework combines three learning challenges faced by doctoral students and their supervisors when developing their research question, as well as training objectives corresponding to what they should learn and that are illustrated by the scaffolds we have used in our training programs. Finally, we discuss the conditions and originality of our pedagogical strategy based on the acquisition of argumentation skills, taking both the subjective dimensions of PhD work and the added value of interactions with a diversity and heterogeneity of peers into account.
Autoantibodies Neutralizing GM-CSF in HIV-Negative Colombian Patients Infected with Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans
Authors: Arango-Franco Carlos A. , Rojas Julian , Firacative Carolina , Migaud Mélanie , Agudelo Clara Inés , Franco José Luis , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Puel Anne , Lizarazo Jairo , Castañeda Elizabeth , Arias Andrés A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans or C. gattii. Neutralizing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in otherwise healthy adults with cryptococcal meningitis have been described since 2013. We searched for neutralizing auto-Abs in sera collected from Colombian patients with non-HIV-associated cryptococcosis in a retrospective national cohort from 1997 to 2016.

Methods
We reviewed clinical and laboratory records and assessed the presence of neutralizing auto-Abs against GM-CSF in 30 HIV negative adults with cryptococcosis (13 caused by C. gattii and 17 caused by C. neoformans).

Results
We detected neutralizing auto-Abs against GM-CSF in the sera of 10 out of 13 (77%) patients infected with C. gattii and one out of 17 (6%) patients infected with C. neoformans.

Conclusions
We report eleven Colombian patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis who had auto-Abs that neutralize GM-CSF. Among these patients, ten were infected with C. gattii and only one with C. neoformans.
Scientific Inference with Interpretable Machine Learning: Analyzing Models to Learn About Real-World Phenomena
Authors: Freiesleben Timo , König Gunnar , Molnar Christoph , Tejero-Cantero Álvaro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo learn about real world phenomena, scientists have traditionally used models with clearly interpretable elements. However, modern machine learning (ML) models, while powerful predictors, lack this direct elementwise interpretability (e.g. neural network weights). Interpretable machine learning (IML) offers a solution by analyzing models holistically to derive interpretations. Yet, current IML research is focused on auditing ML models rather than leveraging them for scientific inference. Our work bridges this gap, presenting a framework for designing IML methods—termed ’property descriptors’—that illuminate not just the model, but also the phenomenon it represents. We demonstrate that property descriptors, grounded in statistical learning theory, can effectively reveal relevant properties of the joint probability distribution of the observational data. We identify existing IML methods suited for scientific inference and provide a guide for developing new descriptors with quantified epistemic uncertainty. Our framework empowers scientists to harness ML models for inference, and provides directions for future IML research to support scientific understanding.
Cushing’s disease and bone
Authors: Zdrojowy-Wełna Aleksandra , Stachowska Barbara , Bolanowski Marek 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBone impairment associated with Cushing’s disease (CD) is a complex disorder, mainly involving deterioration of bone quality and resulting in an increased fracture rate, often despite normal bone mineral density. Bone complications are common in patients with CD at the time of diagnosis but may persist even after successful treatment. There is currently no agreement on the optimal diagnostic methods, thresholds for anti-osteoporotic therapy and its timing in CD. In this review, we summarize the current data on the pathophysiology, diagnostic approach and management of bone complications in CD.
Can the Promise of Free Education Improve College Attainment? Lessons from the Milwaukee Area Technical College Promise
Authors: Anderson Drew M. , Monaghan David B. , Richardson Jed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study found that the MATC Promise increased college attainment by encouraging Milwaukee high school students to access state and federal aid, and to consider matriculating to their local two-year college. The MATC Promise exemplifies the last-dollar model of college aid. If seniors at Milwaukee area public high schools complete academic milestones, apply for financial aid, qualify based on low family income, and matriculate to Milwaukee Area Technical College (MATC), then the Promise covers any remaining tuition charges. The message promoting free college was the program’s main element, since the funding support for eligible students came primarily from existing state and federal aid. We studied outcomes for the first four graduating classes after the Promise was launched, compared to the trend in Milwaukee for the previous six graduating classes. The rate of matriculation to MATC increased from 10 percent to 15 percent. There was no such increase in matriculation to other technical college districts around the state, suggesting that the increase was caused by the Promise. The increase in enrollment was larger among lower-income students and those in the urban Milwaukee Public Schools. Those students were more likely to apply for financial aid earlier, regardless of whether they ultimately qualified for the Promise, and their rate of matriculation to any college increased from 45 percent to 49 percent. There was no indication that attracting additional students to college led to lower graduation rates, though we were limited to examining credentials earned in two years or less.
Psychosocial factors that favor citizen participation in the generation of scientific knowledge
Authors: Sánchez Flor , Olmos Ricardo , Sandoval Leyla Angélica , Casani Fernando 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Citizen participation in the generation of scientific knowledge is one of the major challenges facing science and technology systems. This study takes a psychosocial approach to analyzing the process whereby citizens participate in science.

Method
A specific questionnaire was answered by 1002 residents of Spain belonging to different age groups, occupations, and education levels.

Results
Cluster analysis revealed two profiles: a minority group of people who are well informed, motivated, and interested, recognize the value and impact of science, and would be willing to donate money for and participate in science projects, and a group of people of the opposite profile who feel little if any interest in science. A logistic regression model designed to find the variables that contribute the most to participation showed that gender is a major predictor of participation and that knowing people who have participated in scientific projects is another important motivating factor.

Conclusions
Only a minority group of the population (young, university-educated women) participates prominently in scientific projects. Strategic initiatives are needed to increase the engagement of institutions and the public in citizen science.
Extra-abdominal trocar and instrument detection for enhanced surgical workflow understanding
Authors: Jurosch Franziska , Wagner Lars , Jell Alissa , Islertas Esra , Wilhelm Dirk , Berlet Maximilian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Video-based intra-abdominal instrument tracking for laparoscopic surgeries is a common research area. However, the tracking can only be done with instruments that are actually visible in the laparoscopic image. By using extra-abdominal cameras to detect trocars and classify their occupancy state, additional information about the instrument location, whether an instrument is still in the abdomen or not, can be obtained. This can enhance laparoscopic workflow understanding and enrich already existing intra-abdominal solutions.

Methods
A data set of four laparoscopic surgeries recorded with two time-synchronized extra-abdominal 2D cameras was generated. The preprocessed and annotated data were used to train a deep learning-based network architecture consisting of a trocar detection, a centroid tracker and a temporal model to provide the occupancy state of all trocars during the surgery.

Results
The trocar detection model achieves an F1 score of $$95.06\pm 0.88\%$$

95.06
±
0.88
%

. The prediction of the occupancy state yields an F1 score of $$89.29\pm 5.29\%$$

89.29
±
5.29
%

, providing a first step towards enhanced surgical workflow understanding.

Conclusion
The current method shows promising results for the extra-abdominal tracking of trocars and their occupancy state. Future advancements include the enlargement of the data set and incorporation of intra-abdominal imaging to facilitate accurate assignment of instruments to trocars.
Grape Seed Extract as an Environment-Friendly Green Inhibitor for Corrosion of Mild Steel in 1 M Sulfamic Acid
Authors: Kaushik Niharika P. , Rao Padmalatha , Kedimar Namitha , Rao Suma A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA corrosion inhibition study of mild steel in 1 M sulfamic acid was conducted using grape seed extract (GSE) as a possible green inhibitor. Electrochemical techniques were adopted to measure the corrosion rate in both the absence and presence of the GSE. Conditions were standardized to obtain optimum inhibition efficiency by varying the concentration of inhibitor and temperature. The kinetic parameters were calculated using the Arrhenius equation. Surface analysis was conducted by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques. A suitable mechanism was proposed for the corrosion inhibition process. Grape seed extract showed a maximum efficiency of 65%, with a concentration of 0.24 g/L at 303 K from potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) studies. With the increase in temperature, the efficiency decreased, resulting in the GSE inhibitor’s physical adsorption. Surface morphology studies supported the adsorption of GSE on mild steel. GSE acted as an efficient green inhibitor with environmental benefits.
Industrial Deportment of Minor and Trace Elements in Direct Nickel Matte Smelting
Authors: Astikainen Oskar , Klemettinen Lassi , Tammela Joonas , Taskinen Pekka , Michallik Radoslaw M. , O’Brien Hugh , Lindberg Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA sampling campaign was carried out at an industrial nickel flash smelter with the aim of evaluating the trace element distributions along the smelting line from raw materials to high-grade nickel matte and discard slag. The industrial technology was direct-to-nickel matte smelting without conventional Peirce–Smith converters, thus having two different nickel mattes as smelting products and feeds in the refinery: the sulfidic low-iron nickel matte from smelting furnace and the low-sulfur electric furnace matte from slag cleaning. Major and trace element concentrations were obtained from the solidified samples by electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Due to the industrial sampling environment, i.e., the slow cooling rate of the samples, not all the trace element concentrations were able to be measured at the lowest detection limits of the techniques used in some of the phases formed after cooling. However, the obtained results and element distribution coefficients were in good agreement with equilibrium values published in the literature.
Social Assistive Robotics: An Ethical and Political Inquiry Through the Lens of Freedom
Authors: Pareto Júlia , Coeckelbergh Mark 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of social assistive robots for supporting healthcare provision faces a lack of an ethical approach that adequately addresses the normatively relevant challenges regarding its deployment. Current ethical reflection is primarily informed by an individual-centered perspective focused on robots’ implications for their end-users and thereby limited to the dyadic human–robot interaction sphere. Considering that this is tightly correlated to the restricted understanding of core ethical concepts upon which reflection stands, this paper delves into the concept of freedom from a philosophical perspective to unfold its full normative breadth for a critical assessment of technological development. By bringing to the fore the political-structural dimension of freedom and, in turn, elaborating the political dimension of technology, the undertaken philosophical approach discloses freedom as a transversal ethical concept for a normative reflection on technology. Thereby, it broadens the scope of ethical attention beyond the sphere of human–robot interaction and turns attention to the so far overlooked structural dimension of human–robot relations. Drawing on conceptions of freedom as non-domination, among others, the paper approaches social assistive robotics and reexamines the terrain of relevant issues for its development. Since freedom is one major issue upon which current concerns revolve, the undertaken analysis substantially enriches the ongoing ethical discussion on social assistive robotics’ implications for human freedom. In this way, this work contributes to going beyond the current individual-centered ethical perspective by laying conceptual grounds for a comprehensive ethical approach to social assistive robotics’ development.
The regulatory mechanism of m6A modification in gastric cancer
Authors: Wu Si , Li Chunming , Zhou Hanghao , Yang Ying , Liang Na , Fu Yue , Luo Qingqing , Zhan YaLi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo the best of our knowledge, N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) exerts a significant role in the occurrence and development of various tumors. Gastric cancer (GC), originating from the mucosal epithelium in the digestive tract, is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer death around the world. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the specific mechanism of tumorigenesis of GC. As we all know, m6A modification as the most common RNA modification, is involved in the modification of mRNA and ncRNA at the post-transcriptional level, which played a regulatory role in various biological processes. As identified by numerous studies, the m6A modification are able to influence the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of GC. What’s more, m6A modification are associated with EMT, drug resistance, and aerobic glycolysis in GC. m6A related-ncRNAs may be a valuable biomarker used by the prediction of GC diagnosis in the future. This review summarizes the role of m6A modification in the mechanism of gastric cancer, with the aim of identifying biological progress.
An analysis of the role of GAB2 in pan-cancer from a multidimensional perspective
Authors: Yin Yi , Li Yong , Zhang Yaoyang , Jia Qiucheng , Tang Huiming , Chen Jiming , Ji Rui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
To explore the role of GAB2 in pan-cancer based on bioinformatics analysis.

Methods
Based on TCGA and GTEx databases, we used TIMER2.0 online analysis tool and R language to analyze the expression of GAB2 in pan-cancer. We used Kaplan–Meier Plotter to analyze the relationship between GAB2 and OS and RFS in pan-cancer. We utilized the CPTAC database to examine the expression of phosphorylated GAB2 in pan-cancer. We investigated the effects of mutation features on the occurrence and development of human cancers by cBioPortal and COSMIC. Using the database, we conducted an analysis of molecular compounds that have the potential to interact with GAB2 through molecular docking. Moreover, we use the TIMER to explore the relationship between GAB2 and immune cell infiltration, and draw relevant heatmaps by R language.

Results
GAB2 was abnormally expressed in various tumors and was associated with prognosis. There were differences in the expression of GAB2 phosphorylation in tumor tissues and corresponding normal tissues among different types of tumors. GAB2 interacts with Docetaxel and was associated with immune cell infiltration in various tumors.

Conclusion
GAB2 participates in regulating immune infiltration and affects the prognosis of patients. GAB2 may serve as a potential tumor marker.
CD147 TagSNP is associated with the vulnerability to lung cancer in the Chinese population: a case–control study
Authors: Xie Yuning , Huang Chu , Zhou Xianlei , Wu Hongjiao , Li Ang , Zhang Xuemei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Lung cancer, with its high morbidity and mortality, presents a major significant public health challenge. CD147, linked to cancer progression and metastasis, is a promising therapeutic target, including for lung cancer. The genetic variation may influence the expression of the gene and consequently the risk of lung cancer. This study aims to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CD147 to understand their association with the risk of developing lung cancer in the Han Chinese population.

Methods
A hospital-based case–control investigation was conducted, enrolling 700 lung cancer patients and 700 cancer-free controls. TagSNPs were selected using Haploview v4.2, and genotype data from the 1000 Genomes Project database were utilized. The selected SNPs (rs28992491, rs67945626, and rs79361899) within the CD147 gene were evaluated using the improved multiple ligation detection reaction method. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, logistic regression models, and interaction analyses.

Results
Baseline characteristics of the study population showed no significant differences in gender distribution between cases and controls, but there was a notable difference in smoking rates. No significant associations were found between the three TagSNPs and lung cancer susceptibility in the codominant model. However, stratification analyses revealed interesting findings. Among females, the rs79361899 AA/AG genotype was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. In individuals aged ≥ 65 years old, the rs28992491 GG and rs79361899 AA genotypes were linked to a higher susceptibility. Furthermore, an interaction analysis demonstrated significant genotype × gender interactions in the rs79361899 recessive model, indicating an increased lung cancer risk in female carriers of the heterozygous or homozygous polymorphic genotype.

Conclusions
CD147 polymorphisms play an important role in lung cancer development, particularly in specific subgroup of age and gender. These findings highlight the significance of incorporating genetic variations and their interactions with demographic factors in comprehending the intricate etiology of lung cancer.
From individual to inclusive: exploring the spectrum of service delivery models in occupational therapist—teacher collaborations
Authors: Jeremy Jill , Spandagou Ilektra , Hinitt Joanne 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCollaborative practice between teachers and occupational therapists is promoted as best-practice to support the inclusion of students with disabilities in mainstream classrooms. However, interprofessional practice across the disciplines of education and health is complicated, and success is mediated by personal, professional, and system factors. This qualitative ethnographic study used shadowing, contextual conversations, and interviews to explore collaboration between teachers (n = 11) and occupational therapists (n = 10) in mainstream primary schools (n = 10) in three Australian states to better understand how context impacts practice. Findings reveal that collaborative practice is influenced both by the model of occupational therapy service delivery employed as well as professional differences between teachers and therapists. A move from itinerant to embedded models of service delivery may support collaboration and help bridge differences between professionals through improved communication and mutual professional development.
Physician’s perspectives on skin prick testing and allergy diagnostics in Germany
Authors: Klimek Ludger , Wehrmann Wolfgang , Brehler Randolf , Becker Sven , Cuevas Mandy , Gröger Moritz , Hagemann Jan , Casper Ingrid , Sulk Mathias , Gorris Senne , Seys Sven F. 
Published: July 2024

Summary
Purpose
Novel technologies standardising the testing process of immediate hypersensitivities have been developed and validated in recent years. Meanwhile, challenges with regard to availability of testing agents and shortage of trained personnel have increased. Novel technologies could fight these challenges, but their distribution is at present not known. The current survey, conducted by the German Society for Allergology (AeDA), aimed to assess current practices of allergy diagnostics in Germany.

Methods
Members of AeDA were invited to complete an online questionnaire to obtain information on their perspectives on allergy testing and diagnostics.

Results
A total of 150 allergologists from different disciplines treating patients with allergy completed the questionnaire. This survey revealed that twice as many skin prick tests (SPT; 21.2 tests/week) compared to serum specific immunoglobulin E tests (IgE; 10.4 tests/week) are being performed. Nasal allergen provocation tests are being performed in 56.0% of hospitals and physicians’ offices. An individual standard allergen panel for SPT is applied in 78.0% of testing cases. Methods used to perform a read out of SPT are variable with measurement of the longest wheal diameter being used most frequently (68.0%), followed by a qualitative evaluation (46.6%) or the longest wheal diameter including pseudopods (34.4%). In all, 66% of allergologists indicated that a device that automating the SPT process would be valuable for clinical practice.

Conclusion
Skin prick tests and serum IgE tests are still the cornerstones in the diagnostic work-up of immediate-type allergies. Variability in the execution of skin prick tests exists between different hospitals and physicians’ offices in Germany. Inconsistent availability of testing reagents was considered most problematic for maintaining allergy diagnostics in Germany. A majority of allergologists are open to evaluating tools that may contribute to standardize skin prick tests.