bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inpatient obesity intervention with postdischarge telephone follow‐up: A randomized trial
Authors: Wachsberg Kelley N. , Creden Amanda , Workman Moira , Lichten Abbey , Basil Alka , Lee Jungwha , Peng Jie , Williams Mark V. , Kushner Robert F. 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUNDObesity‐related comorbidities frequently contribute to acute illness. Obesity interventions during hospitalization are not often utilized but may be effective.OBJECTIVETo examine whether inpatient weight loss intervention with postdischarge follow‐up results in weight loss at 6 months when compared to control.DESIGNProspective, randomized controlled trial.SETTINGAcademic medical center in Chicago, Illinois.PATIENTSObese adult inpatients.INTERVENTIONIntervention subjects viewed a weight education video, underwent personalized counseling, and set specific weight loss, dietary, and fitness goals prior to discharge. All participants were followed by phone over the subsequent 6 months. The trial was unblinded to participants, physicians, and investigators.MEASUREMENTSPrimary outcome was weight change between groups at 6 months. Weight change from baseline and waist‐to‐hip ratios (WHR) were also assessed.RESULTSFor 176 participants in the intention‐to‐treat analysis, mean baseline weight for the intervention group was 107.7 kg (standard deviation [SD] = 16.7) and 105.1 kg (SD = 17.4) for controls. Mean weight loss at 6 months was 1.08 kg (SD = 4.33) for intervention subjects and 1.35 kg (SD = 3.65) among controls. There was no significant difference in weight loss between groups at 6 months (P = 0.26). As‐treated analysis yielded similar results. There were no differences in WHRs between the intervention and control at 6 months (0.04 vs 0.04, P = 0.59).CONCLUSIONSWe found no difference in weight loss between the intervention and control groups at 6 months. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:515–520. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
All‐sky radiation over a glacier surface in the Southern Alps of New Zealand: characterizing cloud effects on incoming shortwave, longwave and net radiation
Authors: Conway J. P. , Cullen N. J. , Spronken‐Smith R. A. , Fitzsimons S. J. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTClouds are important features of many high‐altitude and glaciated areas, yet detecting their presence and specifying their effects on incoming shortwave (SW↓), longwave (LW↓) and net all‐wave radiation (Rnet) remains challenging in these environments. These limitations hamper efforts to understand atmospheric controls on glacier surface mass balance (SMB) in the Southern Alps of New Zealand, as both cloud and airmass forcing accompanies key synoptic controls on SMB. Multi‐year datasets of four‐component broadband radiation from two sites at Brewster Glacier, Southern Alps of New Zealand, are used here to develop cloud metrics to account for the effects of clouds on SW↓, LW↓ and Rnet. On average 23% of top‐of‐atmosphere shortwave radiation (SWTOA) is attenuated by the clear‐sky atmosphere, while clouds attenuate a further 31%, resulting in <50% of SWTOA being received at the surface. The transmission of shortwave radiation by clouds (trc) during overcast conditions is found to vary with season and airmass characteristics. A simple parameterization is developed to account for lower trc observed during periods of higher water vapour pressure. Cloud metrics derived at the site show overcast conditions are frequent (45% of period) and strongly dependent on wind direction, highlighting the dominant role of orography in cloud formation and enhancement in the Southern Alps. The effect of clouds on Rnet exhibits a distinct seasonal variation; during summer when albedo and trc are lower, clouds decrease Rnet by 20–40 W m−2, while during autumn, winter and spring, clouds enhance Rnet by approximately 20 W m−2. Idealized modelling shows that these patterns are strongly dependent on albedo and extend across the elevation range of glaciers in the Southern Alps. Thus, overcast conditions appear to aid the extension of ablation into spring and autumn by increasing the energy available for snow and ice melt.
First trimester screening cannot predict adverse outcomes yet
Authors: Halscott Torre L. , Ramsey Patrick S. , Reddy Uma M. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe use of first trimester screening to detect aneuploidy has become an integral part of prenatal care. The application of similar screening algorithms to identify women at the highest risk for other adverse pregnancy outcomes in the first trimester could potentially have a major clinical impact. There has been much investigation into the ability to identify patients early in pregnancy at high risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes who may benefit from further surveillance and/or intervention. For this to be the case, however, as is true of any useful screening test, effective interventions need to be available. Unfortunately, for fetal growth restriction and stillbirth, no such interventions exist short of delivery. For preeclampsia, low dose aspirin has been demonstrated to be of benefit in specific subgroups. For preterm birth, although there are efficacious treatments, first trimester serum markers or cervical length measurements do not add significantly beyond historical or demographic factors, in prediction of preterm birth.Given the current evidence, first trimester screening, via serum or ultrasound markers, does not have sufficiently high enough positive predictive values for the development of preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth or stillbirth. In order to develop effective screening algorithms for adverse pregnancy outcomes in the first trimester, understanding the heterogeneous phenotype of these complications and the underlying pathophysiology is needed. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and characterization of a multispecific monoclonal antibody G2 against chicken prion protein
Authors: Kamatari Yuji O. , Ohta Shinri , Inoshima Yasuo , Oda Masayuki , Maruno Takahiro , Kobayashi Yuji , Ishiguro Naotaka 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe previously generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb), G2, by immunizing mice with Residues 174–247 of the chicken prion protein (ChPrPC). In this study, we found that G2 possessed an extremely unusual characteristic for a mAb; in particular, it could react with at least three proteins other than ChPrPC, the original antigenic protein. We immunoscreened a complementary DNA library from chicken brain DNA and found three proteins (SEPT3, ATP6V1C1, and C6H10orf76) that reacts with G2. There were no regions of amino acid sequence similarity between ChPrPC and SEPT3, ATP6V1C1, or C6H10orf76. We selected ATP6V1C1 as a representative of the three proteins and identified the epitope within ATP6V1C1 that reacts with G2. The amino acid sequence of the G2 epitope within ATP6V1C1 (Pep8) was not related to the G2 epitope within ChPrPC (Pep18mer). However, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments indicated that these two peptides have similar binding affinity for G2. The apparent KD values of Pep18mer and Pep8 obtained from SPR experiments were 2.9 × 10−8 and 1.6 × 10−8 M, respectively. Antibody inhibition test using each peptide indicated that the binding sites of the two different peptides overlapped each other. We observed that these two peptides substantially differed in several binding characteristics. Based on the SPR experiments, the association and dissociation rate constants of Pep18mer were higher than those of Pep8. A clear difference was also observed in ITC experiments. These differences may be explained by G2 adopting different binding conformations and undergoing different binding pathways.
Detergent screening of the human voltage‐gated proton channel using fluorescence‐detection size‐exclusion chromatography
Authors: Agharkar Amruta , Rzadkowolski Jennifer , McBroom Mandy , Gonzales Eric B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe human voltage‐gated proton channel (Hv1) is a membrane protein consisting of four transmembrane domains and intracellular amino‐ and carboxy‐termini. The protein is activated by membrane depolarization, similar to other voltage‐sensitive proteins. However, the Hv1 proton channel lacks a traditional ion pore. The human Hv1 proton channel has been implicated in mediating sperm capacitance, stroke, and most recently as a biomarker/mediator of cancer metastasis. Recently, the three‐dimensional structures for homologues of this voltage‐gated proton channel were reported. However, it is not clear what artificial environment is needed to facilitate the isolation and purification of the human Hv1 proton channel for structural study. In the present study, we generated a chimeric protein that placed an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to the amino‐terminus of the human Hv1 proton channel (termed EGFP‐Hv1). The chimeric protein was expressed in a baculovirus expression system using Sf9 cells and subjected to detergent screening using fluorescence‐detection size‐exclusion chromatography. The EGFP‐Hv1 proton channel can be solubilized in the zwitterionic detergent Anzergent 3–12 and the nonionic n‐dodecyl‐β‐d‐maltoside (DDM) with little protein aggregation and a prominent monomeric protein peak at 48 h postinfection. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the chimeric protein exhibits a monomeric protein peak, which is distinguishable from protein aggregates, at the final size‐exclusion chromatography purification step. Taken together, we can conclude that solubilization in DDM will provide a useable final product for further structural characterization of the full‐length human Hv1 proton channel.
Enhanced specificity for phosphatidylcholine analysis by positive ion mode matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: Zaima Nobuhiro , Yoshioka Sayaka , Sato Yayoi , Shinano Saki , Ikeda Yoshihiko , Moriyama Tatsuya 
Published: May 2014

RATIONALEVisualization of the spatial distribution of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in tissues by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI‐IMS) provides insights into key physiological and pathophysiological processes. In MALDI‐IMS analysis, the heterogeneity of adduct ions formed from PC lowers the specificity of detection of PC molecular species and poses a challenge in the identification of these species. To solve this problem, modified matrix solution and desalting with ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) buffer have been employed. However, the utility of these methods is limited to the analysis of brain sections.METHODSThe MALDI signal intensities of [PC+H], [PC+Na] and [PC+K] were compared after three different pretreatments (modified matrix solution, desalting with 150 mM ammonium acetate, treatment with 150 mM potassium acetate).RESULTSPretreatment of tissue sections with 150 mM potassium acetate resulted in an increase in the signal intensity of [PC+K] ions produced from cryosections of the pancreas, brain, and liver tissues.CONCLUSIONSPretreatment with potassium acetate can be a simple, improved, and highly useful method for the reliable analysis of PC in tissues. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution of lysophosphatidylcholine in the endosperm of Oryza sativa rice
Authors: Zaima Nobuhiro , Yoshimura Yukihiro , Kawamura Yukio , Moriyama Tatsuya 
Published: May 2014

RATIONALESake is made from fermented rice and has been drunk in Japan for more than 1000 years. The rice must be polished prior to fermentation to obtain high‐quality sake. It is traditionally recognized that the quality of sake is improved as the rice polishing ratio (percentage removed in the polishing process) increases. However, the underlying chemistry of the rice polishing process is incompletely understood. Herein, we analyzed the distribution of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) molecular species with unsaturated fatty acids in rice, as their presence is thought to exert a negative effect on the flavor of sake.METHODSThe distribution of LPC molecular species in rice was visualized via matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI).RESULTSLPC (16:0) is ubiquitously present in the endosperm of rice while LPC (18:0) is localized in the core of the endosperm. In contrast, LPC (18:2) and LPC (18:1) are present in the outer region of the endosperm.CONCLUSIONSThe enhancement of the quality of sake as the polishing ratio of the rice increases might be explained in terms of the distribution of LPC with unsaturated fatty acids in the rice. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pancreaticoduodenal Resection for Malignancy in a Low‐volume Center: Long‐term Outcomes from a Developing Country
Authors: Bhatti Abu Bakar Hafeez , Yusuf Mohammad Aasim , Kazmi Syed Ather Saeed , Syed Aamir Ali 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe technical complexity of pancreatic resection has made it a specialized procedure performed in high‐volume centers. It has been shown that patients operated on in high‐volume pancreatobiliary centers have fewer complications and better survival. The purpose of this study was to share our experience with and report long‐term outcomes of pancreaticoduodenal resections performed in a low‐volume center in Pakistan.MethodsData of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenal resection for adenocarcinoma at our institute from 1999 to 2012 were reviewed. A total of 39 patients were included in the study. Variables included patients’ clinical and histopathological characteristics. Outcome was determined based on complication rate, 30‐ and 90‐day mortality, disease‐free survival, and overall survival. For survival analysis, Kaplan–Meier curves were used and significance was determined using a log rank test. Univariate Cox analysis was performed to determine significant factors for multivariate analysis.ResultsThe majority of tumors [20 (51 %)] were moderate grade, T1/T2 [20 (51 %)], ampullary adenocarcinomas [18 (46 %)]. Mean hospital stay was 14 ± 8 days. The mean number of nodes removed was 13.9 ± 6.9, while mean number of positive nodes was 1 ± 1.7. Expected 5‐year overall survival and relapse‐free survival were 38 and 48 %, respectively. Overall 5‐year survival was significantly different with respect to nodal involvement, i.e., 47 vs. 28 % (P = 0.018). On univariate analysis, nodal involvement was the only factor associated with an increased risk of death (P = 0.02, hazard ratio [HR] 2.9, confidence interval [CI] 1.1–7.8).ConclusionLow‐volume centers are an acceptable alternate to high‐volume centers for performing pancreaticoduodenal resection in carefully selected patients. Efforts should be directed at developing specialized hepatobiliary centers in developing countries.
The Surgeon's Role in Relative Success of PCL-Retaining and PCL-Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ritter Merrill A. , Davis Kenneth E. , Farris Alex , Keating E. Michael , Faris Philip M. 
Published: May 2014

Background The orthopedic literature has not shown a universal and replicated difference, outside of flexion, in clinical results between posterior cruciate ligament retention and posterior cruciate ligament substitution in total knee arthroplasty. Questions/Purposes This study was performed to compare the restoration of flexion and knee function in a large series of cruciate-retaining and cruciate-substituting total knee arthroplasties (TKRs). In addition, we aimed to study how other variables, such as those unique to each surgeon, may have affected the results. Patients and Methods The current study evaluated 8,607 total knee arthroplasties in 5,594 patients performed by six surgeons, each using one of four prosthesis designs (two posterior cruciate ligament retaining, two posterior cruciate ligament substituting). Knees were compared at the level of cruciate-retaining and cruciate-substituting knees, at the level of the four prostheses, and at the level of surgeon-implant combinations. Least squared means scores were obtained through multiple linear regression, analysis of variance, and the maximum likelihood method. Results At the level of posterior cruciate ligament treatment, posterior cruciate ligament substitution as a whole showed 3.2° greater flexion than posterior cruciate ligament retention. At the prosthesis level, cruciate-substituting models provided greater flexion and cruciate-retaining models provided higher function scores. In the surgeon-implant combinations, surgeons provided mixed results that often did not reflect findings from other levels; one surgeon's use of a posterior cruciate ligament retaining prosthesis achieved 14.7° greater flexion than the surgeon's use of a corresponding posterior cruciate ligament substituting design. Conclusions Posterior cruciate ligament treatment is confounded by other variables, including the operating surgeon. The arthroplasty surgeon should choose a prosthesis based, not only on outside results, but also on personal experience and comfort.
Japanese guideline for the oncology FDG-PET/CT data acquisition protocol: synopsis of Version 2.0
Authors: Fukukita Hiroyoshi , Suzuki Kazufumi , Matsumoto Keiichi , Terauchi Takashi , Daisaki Hiromitsu , Ikari Yasuhiko , Shimada Naoki , Senda Michio 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This synopsis outlines the Japanese guideline Version 2.0 for the data acquisition protocol of oncology FDG-PET/CT scans that was created by a joint task force of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine Technology, the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine and the Japanese Council of PET Imaging, and was published in Kakuigaku-Gijutsu 2013; 33:377–420 in Japanese. The guideline aims at standardizing the PET image quality among PET centers and different PET camera models by providing criteria for the IEC body phantom image quality as well as for the patient PET image quality based on the noise equivalent count (NEC), NEC density and liver signal-to-noise ratio, so that the appropriate scanning parameters can be determined for each PET camera. This Version 2.0 covers issues that were not focused on in Version 1.0, including the accuracy of the standardized uptake value (SUV), effect of body size together with adjustment of scanning duration, and time-of-flight (TOF) reconstruction technique. Version 2.0 also presents data acquired with new PET camera models that were not tested in Version 1.0. Reference values for physical indicators of phantom image quality have been updated as well.
Cognitive styles in depressed children with and without comorbid conduct disorder
Authors: Schepman Karen , Fombonne Eric , Collishaw Stephan , Taylor Eric 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTLittle is known about patterns of cognitive impairment in depression comorbid with conduct disorder. The study included clinically depressed children with (N = 23) or without conduct disorder (N = 29), and controls without psychiatric disorder (N = 37). Cognitive biases typical of depression and patterns of social information processing were assessed. Both depressed groups had substantially higher rates of negative cognitive distortions, attributional biases and ruminative responses than non‐depressed children. Children in the comorbid group made more hostile attributions and suggested more aggressive responses for dealing with threatening social situations, whilst children with depression only were more likely to be unassertive. Depression has a number of similar depressotypic cognitive biases whether or not complicated by conduct disorder, and may be potentially susceptible to similar interventions. The results also highlight the importance of recognising social information processing deficits when they occur and targeting those too, especially in comorbid presentations.
Effect of positive surgical margins on biochemical failure, biochemical recurrence‐free survival, and overall survival after radical prostatectomy: Median long‐term results
Authors: Huri Emre , Aydogmus Yasin , Doluoglu Omer Gokhan , Dadali Mumtaz , Karakan Tolga , Emir Levent , Germiyanoglu Cankon 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the median long‐term effects of positive surgical margin (PSM) and other prognostic factors on biochemical recurrence‐free survival, overall survival, and biochemical failure in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Our study included 121 patients with pT2‐3N0 disease treated between March 2006 and August 2012. The patients were divided into two groups: those with PSM and those with negative surgical margin (NSM). We analyzed the age, clinical and pathological stages, preoperative and postoperative Gleason scores, duration of the follow‐up, adjuvant chemo‐/radiotherapy, biochemical failure, biochemical recurrence‐free survival, and overall survival in these patients. PSM was found in 25 (20%) patients, whereas 96 patients had NSM. The median follow‐up time was 46.6 months (range 12–72 months) for the PSM group and 48.3 months (range 7–149 months) for the NSM group. The biochemical failure rate was 24% in the PSM group and 8.3% in the NSM group (p = 0.029). The biochemical recurrence‐free survival was found as 76% in the PSM group and 91.7% in the NSM group. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.06). The overall survival was 100% in both groups. The surgical margins of the radical prostatectomy material is an important pathological indicator for biochemical failure at mid long‐term follow‐up. We did not find any effect of PSM on overall survival or biochemical recurrence‐free survival.
Climate Change And Migration: Law and Policy Perspectives in Bangladesh
Authors: NASER Mostafa Mahmud 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGlobal climate change and consequent potential migration pose a number of challenges and are becoming increasingly important policy issues for Bangladesh. Therefore, policy responses need to deal with diverse issues, including sustainable development (SD), adaptation to climate change, and humanitarian assistance, to address the future challenges posed by climate change and consequent human displacement. There is no simple and straightforward solution to the challenges posed by climate-induced migration, and a “one-size-fits-all” approach will not effectively resolve the complex nature, and patterns, of population displacement. Rather than any single approach, a multifarious, comprehensive, proactive, and coherent policy approach is imperative for managing climate-induced migration in an orderly and humane manner. Based on the available data regarding the environment, climate change, and migration, this paper suggests a range of policy tools and approaches. It also sets out a road map showing how policy interventions could contribute to better integrating the full spectrum of migration issues and concerns into an overall environmental and developmental policy, and vice versa, within Bangladesh.
Perception: Where Mind Begins
Authors: Burge Tyler 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWhat are the earliest beings that have minds in evolutionary order? Two marks of mind are consciousness and representation. I focus on representation. I distinguish a psychologically distinctive notion of representation from a family of notions, often called ‘representation’, that invoke information, causation, and/or function. The psychologically distinctive notion implies that a representational state has veridicality conditions as an aspect of its nature. Perception is the most primitive type of representational state. It is a natural psychological kind, recognized in a mature science: perceptual psychology. This kind involves a type of objectification, and is marked by perceptual constancies. The simplest animals known to exhibit perceptual constancies, perception, and representation in a distinctively psychological sense, are certain arthropods. Representational mind, or representational psychology, begins in the arthropods. We lack scientific knowledge about the beginnings of consciousness. Consciousness is neither necessary nor sufficient for perception. I conclude by reflecting on the kinds mind and psychology.