bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Media‐Related Fear
Authors: Hoffner Cynthia A. , Cohen Elizabeth L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFear responses to media exert a powerful influence over people's perceptions, expectations, and behavior. Grounded in emotion theory, this chapter provides a framework for understanding fear responses to mediated threats in three areas of media scholarship: immediate responses to media, risk perceptions, and intergroup relations. First, the chapter examines why and how mediated messages evoke fear, and the consequences of fear during and after media use. Second, theory and research on the relationship between media‐induced fear and risk perceptions are reviewed. Third, media‐related fear is examined in the context of social relations, focusing on (1) how framing various groups as threats can lead to fear, stereotyping, and behavioral responses, and (2) how groups portrayed as threats respond when anticipating media influence on others. Finally, limitations of the literature and suggestions for future research (including the role of new technologies) are discussed.
News and Political Entertainment Effects on Democratic Citizenship
Authors: Moy Patricia , Xenos Michael A. , Hussain Muzammil M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFor decades, political communication scholars have sought to better understand the various impacts of mediated communication on political behaviors that constitute the essence of democratic citizenship. Focusing on the key concepts of voter turnout, political participation, civic engagement, and political conversation, this chapter explores how various forms of media content shape individuals' political behaviors. It examines the extent to which these behaviors are a function not only of traditional news media, but also of political entertainment content, which in recent years has provided citizens with increasingly diverse perspectives about the political world. Discussion of these effects – and how they can change over time – is couched within larger issues related to the evolving media and political landscapes.
Digital Democracy
Authors: Bode Leticia , Edgerly Stephanie , Sayre Ben , Vraga Emily K. , Shah Dhavan V. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOver the past two decades, the Internet has increasingly become part of the everyday life of US citizens. This chapter considers the impact of the growing use of the Internet on media use and political behaviors. Specifically it addresses the theoretical, practical, and empirical consequences of various uses of the Internet for sociability, social capital, online formats of news and politics, political blogs, online public spheres, and political messaging. We further consider the emergence of online spaces as sources for information and social interaction, and the implications of these spaces for democracy. Highlighted in this discussion is the advent of social media (e.g., blogs, Facebook, YouTube), and the corresponding development of new spaces in which citizens may “do” politics.
Advances In Public Communication Campaigns
Authors: Atkin Charles K. , Rice Ronald E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis chapter presents an overview of the recent literature on the persuasive effects of public communication campaigns. The scope of the review is substantial, ranging from traditional media to new technologies and from US settings to developing countries. The campaign topics primarily deal with health promotion, along with prosocial behavior and environmental reforms. The chapter examines key theoretical concepts, processes, and strategic guidelines, including campaign design, evaluation (formative, process and summative), types of effects (direct and indirect), messages (prevention vs. promotion vs. informational vs. persuasive, and appeals), message sources, mediated communication, and quantitative dissemination factors. The chapter then illustrates these guidelines with three campaign foci: drug use, smoking, and risky drinking.
Changes And Continuities In The Media Effects Paradigm
Authors: Scharrer Erica 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe field known as “media effects” has both changed and remained the same. Some means of inquiry and topics of study persist in their command of the attention of scholars in this area whereas others represent new directions. This chapter reviews the status of media use around the globe, then discusses both changes and continuities in the field over time. One major change is the shift toward “media psychology,” as reflected in the title of this volume. Finally, this introduction reveals the logic used in the organization of the volume and a chapter‐by‐chapter review of the topics covered within, thereby serving as a detailed roadmap for the reader.
In Praise of Concept Production
Authors: Lovink Geert , Rossiter Ned 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In this chapter, Lovink and Rossiter argue that the field of media studies has yet to develop a theory of itself. Audience studies investigated fandom and the production of meaning, textual analysis preoccupied itself with signification processes attached to content, and political economy turned its gaze on institutional power. Medium theory, while close to the authors' own interests, still falls short, they argue, because it never changed the dialectic between old and new media or gave the relation a productive twist. Medium theory established a continuum between old and new media without considering how the media form itself gives rise to the production of new concepts. Media studies desperately needs new concept production, the authors argue, based in both online and face‐to‐face collaborative efforts. To develop new concepts, media researchers should begin with some reflexive mediation, examining how they use their object of study in the research methodology itself. From there, Lovink and Rossiter advocate moving the agenda beyond the analysis of visual representation to mobile media, miniaturization, smart technologies, and the integration of media into urban environments.
Media Visualization
Authors: Manovich Lev 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Over the last 20 years, information visualization became a common tool in science and also a growing presence in the arts and culture at large. This chapter outlines a taxonomy of new visualization techniques particularly useful for media research, what Manovich calls “media visualization.” Where information visualization involves translating the world into numbers and then visualizing the relationship between those numbers, media visualization involves translating a set of images into another image that can reveal patterns that might not otherwise be apparent in the collection of images. Using the open source image processing software called ImageJ (normally used in medical research and other scientific fields), Manovich and his collaborators have designed a set of tools for media visualization that can be used by other researchers interested in exploring large sets of images, even without knowing exactly what they are looking for beforehand. The techniques outlined here are based on the work in visualization of patterns in cinema, TV, animation, videogames, and other media carried out in the Software Studies Initiative at the University of California, San Diego.
The Study of the Internet in Latin America
Authors: Delarbre Raúl Trejo 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Latin American social research about the Internet and digital technologies has been defined by a multifaceted and copious development. Since the initial studies in the mid‐1990s, researchers have attended to general issues like the digital divide, national and regional politics of Internet expansion, and the distinctively Latin American political and social expressions on the web. Gradually, that research was oriented toward more specific issues like citizenship on the Internet, cyber‐journalism, the construction of personal relations, and, more recently, social networks. This chapter describes the trajectory of these studies and the arguments of leading Latin American scholars in this area. While the diverse collection of works that collectively comprise “Latin American Internet research” does not constitute a school with its own theoretical models, Trejo Delarbre explains, there are nevertheless common foci and priorities within this body of scholarship. The author recommends that his generation of media scholars seize their unique perspective, having experienced the transition from analog to digital and from mass media to Internet, with all of the disruptive challenges this transition has posed and imposed – especially in cultures so deeply defined by a lack of access for so many.
The Prehistoric Turn?
Authors: Coté Mark 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis chapter considers the increasingly important dimensions of location and mobility in networked new media. It examines the relationship between the human and technology by foregrounding the body. In particular, it asks how the mediated materiality of the body interfaces with the immateriality of global information flows in ubiquitous distributed media environments. Three main threads comprise this inquiry, all unfolding under the specter of the increasing precarity of labor amidst the broader temporal and spatial dimensions of the information economy under neoliberal globalization. The first two involve hallmarks of Web 2.0: the conflation of work and play, and the prominence of user‐generated content. These are situated in the deeper context of convergence by tracing the conceptual shift from the passive “audience commodity” of broadcasting to the interactive immaterial labor 2.0 of distributed digital networks. The final, interdisciplinary line counterintuitively takes a “prehistoric turn” via paleoanthropology to reevaluate the ubiquitous connectivity of our contemporary condition. Fresh insights from our earliest use of stone tools suggest that the human has always had a mutually constitutive relationship with technology. It also suggests the concepts of syntax and grammar for posing new questions about the sensuousness of technology, and the processual mediated environment of the (non)local body.
The Waning Distinction Between Private And Public
Authors: de Souza e Silva Adriana , Gordon Eric 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWhether browsing for location‐specific content on a desktop computer or using location services on a smartphone, physical location is a factor in how users experience information. In this chapter, Adriana de Souza e Silva and Eric Gordon name the context of located information production and retrieval “net locality.” They describe how net locality is transforming user experiences of the web and physical spaces by altering the logic with which data are organized and distributed. Net locality is changing how users occupy public and private spaces, they argue, as connections to other people and spaces become more flexible and porous. Finally, they identify two modes of surveillance inherent in net locality: top‐down and collateral monitoring. The tracking of user location by government and corporations facilitates the former; users tracking each other for the purpose of social connection facilitate the latter. Each is constructive of power relations that affect the nature of location‐based user interactions.
Mending the Gaps
Authors: Pickard Victor 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this chapter, Victor Pickard explores the systemic disconnect between media studies and media policy. By situating this gap within historical, intellectual, and ideological contexts, he proposes possible strategies for bridging the two areas. He suggests that, contrary to many assumptions and practices, media studies scholars should directly engage with media policy debates of critical import. The chapter addresses some of the challenges and opportunities for scholars to intervene in core media policy debates in the coming years, including discussions about the future of journalism, media ownership, public media, and Internet policies like net neutrality. Pickard concludes by arguing that media studies and communication scholars have a special role to play in helping to advance policy that enables greater democratic potentials for all of society.
“It's a Nigger in Here! Kill the Nigger!”
Authors: Nakamura Lisa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDigital games scholars who study race, gender, and sexuality predominantly focus on representations – namely, the racist and sexist images and narratives found within games themselves. In this chapter, Lisa Nakamura explains that in the age of networked gaming, players often experience virulent types of discrimination not only through these representations but also at the hands of other players. In response, some players are expressing resistance to this discriminatory culture of gameplay (Nakamura, 2011a,2011b). This chapter looks at born‐digital media campaigns against racism, sexism, and homophobia such as blogs, YouTube videos, and other web‐based media, examining how they document, archive, and critique instances of racism, sexism, and homophobia in live gameplay as well as within the texts of games themselves.
From “The Ultimate Display” to “The Ultimate Skinner Box”
Authors: Brandt Marisa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThough most virtual reality (VR) enthusiasts of the 1980s and 1990s now concede that the technology was overhyped, a new group of advocates believes it has found a practical use for it: as a tool for conducting psychotherapy for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health problems. Marisa Brandt argues that the use of VR as a therapeutic tool is premised on a way of thinking about how to intervene in disordered subjectivity using media ‐ what she callscybertherapeutic reason. In this chapter, Brandt gives a brief history of how early innovators discovered the therapeutic potential of VR and implemented cybertherapeutic reason by designing controllable virtual experiences. She then compares three proposed systems for treating combat‐related PTSD to show how the design of VR therapy systems can reflect diverse understandings of how the technology could intervene in subjectivity. Finally, she suggests some of the ways that widespread adoption of VR may affect the practice of psychotherapy.
Artificial Life on a Dead Planet
Authors: Thorpe Charles 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this chapter, Charles Thorpe argues that the trajectory of capitalist technology is toward artificial life on a dead planet. The destruction of ecosystems and species by deforestation, chemical pollution, and the effects of climate change is being accompanied by a parallel process of the creation of artificial forms of life. We currently face crisis in all the systems that sustain life on this planet: from the oceans, to the soil, to the atmosphere. But as capitalist industry devastates the existing natural world, capitalist‐aligned technoscience brings into being new forms of autonomous or lifelike technologies. The devastation of existing ecosystems and the construction of lifelike technologies are interrelated developments that are rooted in capitalist dynamics of alienation, reification, and subsumption. Just as, under capitalism, human life‐activity is transformed into abstract labor, the productive and reproductive capacities of living things are transformed into abstract life. Life is eviscerated, simplified, and reified, while the powers of the living are transferred to capital. At the same time that the living world is in a state of crisis, capital is becoming increasingly lifelike.
Greening Cultural Labor
Authors: Maxwell Richard , Miller Toby 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the early twenty‐first century, environmentally friendly accounting practices in the creative industries were confined to site‐specific budgets of individual films or studio operations. Any external environmental costs were either ignored or written off as too hard to measure. This chapter considers the media's future by imagining a new kind of accountancy freed from the bonds of corporate media. Richard Maxwell and Toby Miller have devised an imaginary world where accountants, imbued with the values of green citizenship, set off on a quest to uncover the environmental and labor conditions within the global supply chain of consumer electronics and information and communication technologies. This speculative fiction helps the authors conjure up conditions in which media producers and media studies scholars address human‐centric despoliation of the Earth's ecosystems and the toxic exploitation of media workers.
Perceptions of Media and Media Effects:
Authors: Tsfati Yariv , Cohen Jonathan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractResearch about the way people perceive news media has made progress in three parallel avenues. The first used the concept of credibility and trust; the second used the concept of hostile media perceptions; and the third – focusing on perceptions of media impact – used the concept of the third‐person perception. In this chapter, we argue that these three avenues are empirically and conceptually connected and that they are related to media effects in three ways. First, people's mistrust of media has been found to moderate the influence of media on the audience in an array of studies. Second, people's perceptions regarding media impact matter, albeit indirectly, because people react to these perceptions as if they were real. Third, the effects of perceptions of media influence are amplified when they are coupled with perceptions of media hostility, especially among audiences that are personally and emotionally involved in the issues on which media texts report.
Niedermolekulare transmembranäre Anionentransporter für biologische Anwendungen
Authors: Busschaert Nathalie , Gale Philip A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNiedermolekulare transmembranäre Anionentransporter für potenzielle Anwendungen in der Ionenkanalersatztherapie zur Behandlung von Krankheiten mit dysreguliertem Ionentransport (wie Mukoviszidose) und Krebs (durch Störung chemischer Gradienten in Zellen und Auslösen von Zelltod) sind derzeit ein intensiv bearbeitetes Forschungsgebiet. Dieser Kurzaufsatz fasst jüngste Entwicklungen beim Design niedermolekularer transmembranärer Anionentransporter zusammen. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf Studien zur Anwendung dieser Verbindungen in biologischen Systemen.
Do predators, handling stress or field acclimation periods influence the survivorship of hatchery‐reared abalone Haliotis kamtschatkana outplanted into natural habitats?
Authors: Hansen S. Christine , Gosselin Louis A. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) in British Columbia, Canada, are listed as endangered and are protected from fishing, yet their populations continue to decline. It is suspected that supplementation of wild populations with hatchery‐reared abalone will be necessary for the recovery of this species. This study examines the magnitude, timing, and causes of post‐outplanting mortality of hatchery‐reared late‐juvenile northern abalone.
Abalone survivorship declined precipitously following outplanting, with 83% of abalone surviving 24 h after release and only 34% surviving 2 weeks in the wild.
Handling, tagging, and temperature variations experienced during the outplanting procedure did not cause mortality. The majority of the abalone mortality in this study was attributable to predators. Additional factors accounted for only 1–2% mortality over 7 d.
A 1‐week acclimatization period within predator exclosures did not improve subsequent survival of outplants.
These results demonstrate that the ouplanting of hatchery‐reared abalone as a method of restoring wild populations of this endangered species is primarily constrained by high mortality during the first few days after outplanting, and that almost all of this early mortality is caused by predation. Predation mortality will therefore have to be overcome if outplanting of hatchery‐reared juvenile abalone is to be an effective restoration strategy.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holzfachwerke mit Verbindungsknoten aus Beton
Authors: Hartig Jens , Haller Peer , Heiduschke Andreas 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird ein neuartiges Verbindungskonzept mit Knoten aus Beton für den Ingenieurholzbau vorgestellt. Die Ziele der dazu durchgeführten Untersuchungen waren die Verbesserung des Tragverhaltens, der Gebrauchstauglichkeit, der Wirtschaftlichkeit und des ästhetischen Erscheinungsbildes von Holzfachwerkbindern. Dafür wurden hochbelastbare Knotenverbindungen entwickelt. Das innovative Konzept vereint die Vorzüge verschiedener Bauweisen: traditionelle Verbindungen des Zimmererhandwerks, formschlüssige Verbindungen des Holz‐Beton‐Verbundbaus sowie einbetonierte Zuganker des Stahl‐Beton‐Verbundbaus. Zudem werden die Materialien Holz, Stahl und Beton beanspruchungsgerecht eingesetzt. Die Kraftübertragung zwischen Streben und Gurten erfolgt dabei durch formschlüssig wirkende Knoten aus Beton. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse bestätigen das gute Tragverhalten der Verbindung. Damit liegt ein Verbindungskonzept vor, das die konstruktiven Details von Stab‐ und Fachwerken vereinfacht.Timber trussed girder with concrete joints – Part 1: Concept and experimental investigationsIn this contribution, a novel connection system for engineered timber structures is presented. The objectives of the investigations were the significant improvement of the load‐bearing behavior, the serviceability, the cost‐effectiveness and the esthetic appearance of timber trussed girders. For this purpose, joints with high load‐bearing capacity were developed. The innovative joint applies and combines advantages of various joint types like traditional carpentry, profiled shear planes used in timber‐concrete hybrid‐structures and casted tension anchors used in steel‐concrete hybrid‐structures. The efficiency of this novel concept results from the combination of these joint types as well as the stress‐related application of the materials timber, steel and concrete. The forces between the struts are transferred primarily by form fit with casted concrete joints. The results of experimental investigations confirm the efficiency of these joints and the potential for application in various strut‐and‐tie systems.