bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Fear Conditioning as an Animal Model of Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Toth Iulia , Neumann Inga D. , Slattery David A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSocial fear and avoidance of social situations represent the main behavioral symptoms of social anxiety disorder (SAD), a disorder that is poorly elucidated and has rather unsatisfactory therapeutic options. Therefore, animal models are needed to study the underlying etiology of the disorder and possible novel treatment approaches. However, the current paradigms modeling SAD‐like symptoms in rodents are not specific, as they induce numerous other behavioral deficits in addition to social fear and avoidance. Here, we describe the protocol for the social fear conditioning paradigm, an animal model of SAD that specifically induces social fear of unfamiliar con‐specifics without potentially confounding alterations in other behavioral measures. Theoretical and practical considerations for performing the social fear conditioning paradigm in both rats and mice, as well as for the analysis and interpretation of the obtained data, are described in detail. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 63:9.42.1‐9.42.13. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Autoimmune Myocarditis, Valvulitis, and Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Myers Jennifer M. , Fairweather DeLisa , Huber Sally A. , Cunningham Madeleine W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMyocarditis and valvulitis are inflammatory diseases affecting myocardium and valve. Myocarditis, a viral‐induced disease of myocardium, may lead to dilated cardiomyopathy and loss of heart function. Valvulitis leads to deformed heart valves and altered blood flow in rheumatic heart disease. Animal models recapitulating these diseases are important in understanding the human condition. Cardiac myosin is a major autoantigen in heart, and antibodies and T cells to cardiac myosin are evident in inflammatory heart diseases. This unit is a practical guide to induction and evaluation of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in several mouse strains and the Lewis rat. Purification protocols for cardiac myosin and protocols for induction of EAM by cardiac myosin and its myocarditis‐producing peptides, and coxsackievirus CVB3, are defined. Protocols for assessment of myocarditis and valvulitis in humans and animal models provide methods to define functional autoantibodies targeting cardiac myosin, β‐adrenergic, and muscarinic receptors, and their deposition in tissues. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 101:15.14.1‐15.14.51. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Unlocking the Latent Antimicrobial Potential of Biomimetically Synthesized Inorganic Materials
Authors: Dickerson Matthew B. , Lyon Wanda J. , Gruner William E. , Mirau Peter A. , Jespersen Michael L. , Fang Yunnan , Sandhage Kenneth H. , Naik Rajesh R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractInspired by biomineralization, biomimetic approaches utilize biomolecules and synthetic analogs to produce materials of controlled chemistry, morphology, and function under relatively benign conditions. A common characteristic of biological and biomimetic mineral‐forming processes is the generation of mineral/biomolecule nanocomposites. In this work, it is demonstrated that a facile chemical reaction may be utilized to halogenate the nitrogen‐containing moieties of the organics entrapped within bio‐inorganic composites to yield halamine compounds. This process provides rapid and potent bactericidal activity to biomimetically and biologically produced materials that otherwise lack such functionality. Additionally, bio‐inorganic composites containing the chlorinated peptide protamine are effective in rapidly neutralizing Bacillus spores (≥99.97% reduction in colony forming units within 10 min). The straightforward nature of the described process, and the efficacy of halamine compounds in neutralizing biological and chemical agents, provide new applicability to biogenic and biomimetic materials.
In Situ Observations and Tuning of Physical and Chemical Phenomena on the Surfaces of Strongly Correlated Oxides
Authors: Gai Zheng , Kalinin S. V. , Li An‐Ping , Shen Jian , Baddorf A. P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe characteristic aspect of strongly correlated oxides systems is the strong coupling between the structural, electronic and magnetic properties. A small change in one property can produce a large change in another. Controllable surface tuning provides the opportunity to study how structural, electronic, and magnetic properties respond to the broken symmetry and opens avenues for exploration of completely new physical properties. The extreme sensitivity of properties to external chemical and physical stimuli makes in situ characterization a requirement for controlled tuning of complex correlated materials. This paper reviews some recent progress in in situ observations and tuning of physical and chemical phenomena on the surfaces of strongly correlated oxides thin films and crystals, including atomic‐level structural studies, control, and tuning of the physical properties.
Giant Temperature Coefficient of Resistance in Carbon Nanotube/Phase‐Change Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Fernandes Gustavo E. , Kim Jin Ho , Sood Ashok K. , Xu Jimmy 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe temperature coefficient of resistance of a carbon nanotube nanocomposite with the non‐conductive phase‐change hydrogel Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) is studied. This nanocomposite is found to achieve the largest reported temperature coefficient of resistance, ≈−10%/°C, observed in carbon nanotube‐polymer nanocomposites to date. The giant temperature coefficients of resistance results from a volume‐phase‐transition that is induced by the humidity present in the surrounding atmosphere and that enhances the temperature dependence of the resistivity via direct changes in the tunneling resistance that electrons experience in moving between nearby carbon nanotubes. The bolometric photoresponses of this new material are also studied. The nanocomposite's enhanced responses to temperature and humidity give it great potential for sensor applications and uncooled infrared detection.
The Influence of MoOx Anode Stoicheometry on the Performance of Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Griffin Jonathan , Watters Darren C. , Yi Hunan , Iraqi Ahmed , Lidzey David , Buckley Alastair R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBulk heterojunction solar cells containing molybdenum oxide hole extracting anode contacts have been fabricated with varying stoicheometry using radio frequency reactive sputtering from a Molybdenum metal target. A blend of the newly synthesised conjugated polymer poly[9‐(heptadecan‐9‐yl)‐9H‐carbazole‐2,7‐diyl‐alt‐(5,6‐bis(octyloxy)‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole)‐5,5‐diyl] (PCDTBT‐8) and fullerene [6,6]‐Phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) was used as the photoactive layer and device results show that anodes with greater than 98% Molybdenum (VI) oxide result in peak power conversion efficiencies of 3.7%.The presence of up to 28% of Mo (V) results in no significant reduction in efficiency, however the presence of metallic Mo (IV) and lower oxidation states lead to severe reductions in device performance due to a combination of a large hole extraction energy barrier of approximately 0.9eV and reduced device stability.
Parasitic Absorption and Internal Quantum Efficiency Measurements of Solid‐State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Margulis George Y. , Hardin Brian E. , Ding I‐Kang , Hoke Eric T. , McGehee Michael D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of solid‐state dye sensitized solar cells (ssDSCs) is measured using a hybrid optical modeling plus absorptance measurement approach which takes into account the parasitic absorption of the hole transport material (HTM). Across device thicknesses of 1 to 4 microns, ssDSCs sensitized with Z907 and TT1 dyes display relatively constant IQEs of approximately 88% and 36%, respectively, suggesting excellent charge collection efficiencies for both dyes but poor carrier injection for TT1 devices. The addition of more coadsorbent is shown to increase the IQE of TT1 up to approximately 58%, but significantly lowers dye loading. Finally, optical losses due to absorption by the HTM are quantified and found to be a significant contribution to photocurrent losses for ssDSCs sensitized with poor absorbers such as Z907, as the weak absorption of the dye gives the HTM opportunity for significant parasitic absorption within the active layer.
Switched State Model Predictive Control of Fractional‐Order Nonlinear Discrete‐Time Systems
Authors: Domek Stefan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractModel predictive control is one of the more effective and frequently employed‐in‐industry control methods, especially for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) processes, in which a dynamic model of the process is used to predict its behavior over some time horizon and to determine the optimal future control policy. In this paper, a novel predictive algorithm for advanced process control for nonlinear and/or uncertain fractional‐order discrete‐time processes is proposed. First, a state model predictive controller for MIMO linear fractional‐order discrete‐time systems is introduced, and then the concept is extended to MIMO nonlinear and uncertain fractional‐order processes which can be modeled by means of linear multimodels of fractional order. The algorithm is based on fast model selection to cope with process uncertainty and represents a class of so‐called switched systems. Finally, a simulation example is provided.
Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of AZ66, a sigma receptor ligand, in rat plasma and its application to in vivo pharmacokinetics
Authors: Jamalapuram Seshulatha , Vuppala Pradeep Kumar , Abdelazeem Ahmed H. , McCurdy Christopher R. , Avery Bonnie A. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTMethamphetamine abuse continues as a major problem in the USA owing to its powerful psychological addictive properties. AZ66, 3‐[4‐(4‐cyclohexylpiperazine‐1‐yl)pentyl]‐6‐fluorobenzo[d]thiazole‐2(3H)‐one, an optimized sigma receptor ligand, is a promising therapeutic agent against methamphetamine. To study the in vivo pharmacokinetics of this novel sigma receptor ligand in rats, a sensitive ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) method was developed in rat plasma and validated. The developed method requires a small volume of plasma (100 μL) and a simple liquid–liquid extraction. The chromatographic separations were achieved in 3.3 min using an Acquity UPLC BEH Shield RP18 column. The mass spectrophotometric detection was carried out using a Waters Micromass Quattro MicroTM triple‐quadrupole system. Multiple reaction monitoring was used for the quantitation with transitions m/z 406 → m/z 181 for AZ66 and m/z 448 → m/z 285 for aripiprazole. The method was validated over a concentration range of 1–3500 ng/mL and the lower limit of quantitation was determined to be 1 ng/mL. Validation of the assay demonstrated that the developed UPLC/MS/MS method was sensitive, accurate and selective for the determination of AZ66 in rat plasma. The present method has been successfully applied to an i.v. pharmacokinetic study in Sprague–Dawley rats. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of Ultrasonic Enhanced Salt‐Containing Hydrodistillation by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Yu S. , Xie X. , Li S. , Li W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn ultrasonic enhanced salt‐containing hydrodistillation (UESHD) method for separating essential oil from lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) flowers was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental data obtained from a 27‐run experiment were fitted to a second‐order polynomial equation. The optimal conditions were determined by the 3D response surface and the contour plots derived from the models. The efficiency of UESHD and conventional hydrodistillation (HD) was compared. The extraction yield of UESHD was two‐fold higher than that of HD. In addition, GC‐MS results indicated some differences in composition and content between the two essential oils from UESHD and HD.
An Experimental Study on Binderless Briquetting of Low‐Rank Coals
Authors: Han Y. , Tahmasebi A. , Yu J. , Li X. , Meesri C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe potential of binderless briquetting as a means of transforming low‐rank coals into low moisture high grade solid fuel products has been studied. Using two dried low‐rank coals, binderless briquettes with high mechanical strength have been successfully produced through mechanical compression. An increase in heating value was achieved as a result of moisture reduction in the briquettes compared to as‐received coals. The residue moisture content in the briquettes had a predominant effect on briquetting characteristics and there existed an optimum moisture content for the maximum briquettes strength. The chemical structure and wettability of binderless briquettes were analyzed using FTIR and contact angle measurement. The results showed that hydrophobicity and chemical structure significantly affected the briquette properties.
Induction of Motion in a Synthetic Molecular Machine: Effect of Tuning the Driving Force
Authors: Baggerman Jacob , Haraszkiewicz Natalia , Wiering Piet G. , Fioravanti Giulia , Marcaccio Massimo , Paolucci Francesco , Kay Euan R. , Leigh David A. , Brouwer Albert M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRotaxane molecular shuttles were studied in which a tetralactam macrocyclic ring moves between a succinamide station and a second station in which the structure is varied. Station 2 in all cases is an aromatic imide, which is a poor hydrogen‐bond acceptor in the neutral form, but a strong one when reduced with one or two electrons. When the charge density on the hydrogen‐bond‐accepting carbonyl groups in station 2 is reduced by changing a naphthalimide into a naphthalene diimide radical anion, the shuttling rate changes only slightly. When station 2 is a pyromellitimide radical anion, however, the shuttling rate is significantly reduced. This implies that the shuttling rate is not only determined by the initial unbinding of the ring from the first station, as previously supposed. An alternative reaction mechanism is proposed in which the ring binds to both stations in the transition state.
A Novel Approach for the Evaluation of Positive Cooperative Guest Binding: Kinetic Consequences of Structural Tightening
Authors: Carrillo Romen , Morales Ezequiel Q. , Martín Víctor S. , Martín Tomás 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCooperativity is one of the most relevant features displayed by biomolecules. Thus, one of the challenges in the field of supramolecular chemistry is to understand the mechanisms underlying cooperative binding effects. Traditionally, cooperativity has been related to multivalent receptors, but Williams et al. have proposed a different interpretation based on the strengthening of noncovalent interactions within receptors upon binding. According to such an interpretation, positive cooperative binding operates through structural tightening. Hence, a quite counterintuitive kinetic behavior for positively cooperative bound complexes may be postulated: the more stable the complex, the slower it is formed. Such a hypothesis was tested in a synthetic system in which positive cooperative binding was previously confirmed by calorimetric experiments. Indeed, a linear correlation between the thermodynamics (ΔG°) and the kinetics (ΔG≠) of guest binding confirmed the expected behavior. These distinctive kinetics provide solid evidence of positive cooperative guest binding, which is particularly useful bearing in mind that kinetic experiments are frequently and accurately carried out in both synthetic and biological systems.
Patient–physician communication about code status preferences
Authors: Rhondali Wadih , Perez‐Cruz Pedro , Hui David , Chisholm Gary B. , Dalal Shalini , Baile Walter , Chittenden Eva , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDCode status discussions are important in cancer care, but the best modality for such discussions has not been established. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a physician ending a code status discussion with a question (autonomy approach) versus a recommendation (beneficence approach) on patients' do‐not‐resuscitate (DNR) preference.METHODSPatients in a supportive care clinic watched 2 videos showing a physician–patient discussion regarding code status. Both videos were identical except for the ending: one ended with the physician asking for the patient's code status preference and the other with the physician recommending DNR. Patients were randomly assigned to watch the videos in different sequences. The main outcome was the proportion of patients choosing DNR for the video patient.RESULTSA total of 78 patients completed the study, and 74% chose DNR after the question video, whereas 73% chose DNR after the recommendation video. Median physician compassion score was very high and not different for both videos. All 30 of 30 patients who had chosen DNR for themselves and 30 of 48 patients who had not chosen DNR for themselves chose DNR for the video patient (100% versus 62%). Age (odds ratio = 1.1/year) and white ethnicity (odds ratio = 9.43) predicted DNR choice for the video patient.CONCLUSIONSEnding DNR discussions with a question or a recommendation did not impact DNR choice or perception of physician compassion. Therefore, both approaches are clinically appropriate. All patients who chose DNR for themselves and most patients who did not choose DNR for themselves chose DNR for the video patient. Age and race predicted DNR choice. Cancer 2013;119:2067–2073. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
SIN1 promotes invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by facilitating epithelial‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Xu Jiangfeng , Li Xuedong , Yang Hao , Chang RuiMin , Kong Chenchen , Yang Lianyue 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDStress‐activated protein kinase (SAPK) interacting protein 1 (SIN1) is essential for early embryonic development and is the key regulator of Akt, which plays an important role in various pathological conditions such as cancer. However, the biological function and clinical significance of SIN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown.METHODSReal‐time quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical staining were used to test the expression level of SIN1, and its correlation with clinicopathologic parameters as well as the prognosis for patients with HCC were analyzed. In addition, the biological function and molecular mechanisms of SIN1 in HCC were investigated.RESULTSSIN1 levels were elevated predominantly in HCC tissues, and its level in solitary large HCC was significantly lower than those in nodular HCC (P = .016), but showed no significant differences between solitary large HCC and small HCC (P > .05). Levels of SIN1 were up‐regulated in highly metastatic HCC cell lines (HCCLM3 and MHCC97‐H), whereas their invasion and migration significantly decreased after depletion of SIN1. High expression of SIN1 was associated with tumor number (P = .012), capsular formation (P = .037), and venous invasion (P = .023) and was an independent risk factor for overall survival (P = .046). Finally, SIN1 was capable of promoting invasion and metastasis of HCC by facilitating epithelial‐mesenchymal transition.CONCLUSIONSThe current findings suggest that SIN1 plays an important role in HCC invasion and metastasis by facilitating epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Cancer 2013;119:2247–2257. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Chiral Induction and Amplification in Supramolecular Systems at the Liquid–Solid Interface
Authors: Xu Hong , Ghijsens Elke , George Subi J. , Wolffs Martin , Tomović Željko , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , De Feyter Steven 
Published: April 2013

AbstractChiral induction and amplification in surface‐confined supramolecular monolayers are investigated at the liquid–solid interface. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) proves that achiral molecules can self‐assemble into globally chiral patterns through a variety of approaches, including induction by chiral solvents or by a novel chiral amplification method. Our study demonstrates the aptness of both approaches, which have already been applied to (supramolecular) polymers in solution, to create chiral supramolecular monolayers at the liquid–solid interface.
Naloxone Reverses the Antinociceptive Synergistic Interaction Between Acetaminophen and Lysine Clonixinate in the Formalin Test
Authors: Isiordia‐Espinoza Mario A. , Tiznado‐Orozco Gaby E. , Pozos‐Guillén Amaury de J. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Preclinical Research

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive interaction between acetaminophen and lysine clonixinate in the formalin test, and the possible role of opioidergic and nitric oxide pathways in the interaction. The effect of individual drugs and their combination was evaluated using the 3% formalin test in mice. Acetaminophen (31.6, 100, 178, and 316 mg/kg, i.p.) or lysine clonixinate (5.6, 10, 17.8, and 31.6 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered 10 min before formalin injection. To assess the possible mechanism(s) of action for the combination, naloxone (1 mg/kg) and N (G)‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) (3 mg/kg) were used. Isobolographic analysis and the interaction index showed a synergistic effect. The experimental ED30 was lower when compared with theoretical ED30. Naloxone, but not L‐NAME, reduced the antinociceptive effect of the combination. Administration of antagonists alone did not modify formalin‐induced nociception. These data suggest that the acetaminophen–lysine clonixinate combination produces a synergistic effect involving opioid receptors.
Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes with Self‐Templating Assembly Behavior
Authors: Lei Youan , Du Lingzhi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe report the design, synthesis, and assembly of functionalized carbon nanotubes (f‐CNTs) in the absence of other templates by using a polysiloxane quaternary ammonium salt. Specifically, the perpendicular organic coating has a depth of ca. 3.2 nm and its hydrophobic nature provides the hydrophobic interactions (driving force) between near‐neighbor CNTs. Once a complete coverage (ca. 100 %) of CNTs is achieved, the upper‐layer nanotubes can spontaneously and readily interact with the sublayer tubes to assemble into oriented nanostructures with a tube distance of 26 nm along the tube axis. Therefore, the spontaneous assembly of f‐CNTs in aqueous solution becomes possible without the help of other templates. Additionally, further investigations suggest that it is easier to obtain arrayed nanostructures with straight f‐CNTs with 100 % coverage than with curved ones. Our strategy seems very attractive because the aligned CNT array can be achieved through simple control of the chemical functionalization of the nanotubes. This offers us a valuable insight into the bottom‐up design of f‐CNTs, one‐dimensional nanostructures, and building blocks for supramolecular chemistry and nanotechnology.
Molecular Tweezers with Freely Rotating Linker and Porphyrin Moieties
Authors: Murphy Rhys B. , Pham Duc‐Truc , Lincoln Stephen F. , Johnston Martin R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMolecular tweezers were synthesised by using a microwave accelerated alkene plus cyclobutane epoxide reaction between norbornyl appended porphyrin moieties and a diepoxide functionalised phenyl diimide spacer. The tweezers contain several rotational degrees of freedom; about the porphyrin with respect to the norbornyl linker, and between the two norbornyl backbone sections. The ability of ZnII metallated tweezer 1 to complex 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) was studied by UV/Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate global spectral analysis. The system was found to form a strong 1:1 intramolecular complex (1:DABCO) with an association constant of K11 = 8.1 × 107 M–1, transforming to a 1:2 open complex [1:(DABCO)2] with K12 = 2.7 × 109 M–2 at high concentrations of DABCO.