bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradation of C7 and C8iso‐alkanes under methanogenic conditions
Authors: Abu Laban Nidal , Dao Anh , Semple Kathleen , Foght Julia 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIso‐alkanes comprise a substantial proportion of petroleum and refined products that impact the environment, but their fate is cryptic under methanogenic conditions. We investigated methanogenic biodegradation of C7 and C8 iso‐alkanes found in naphtha, specifically 2‐methylhexane, 3‐methylhexane, 2‐methylheptane, 4‐methylheptane and 3‐ethylhexane. These were incubated as a mixture or individually with enrichment cultures derived from oil sands tailings ponds that generate methane from naphtha components; substrate depletion and methane production were monitored for up to 663 days. 3‐Methylhexane and 4‐methylheptane were degraded both singly and in the mixture, whereas 2‐methylhexane and 2‐methylheptane resisted degradation as single substrates but were depleted in the iso‐alkane mixture, suggesting co‐metabolism. 3‐Ethylhexane was degraded neither singly nor with co‐substrates. Putative metabolites consistent with succinylated C7 and C8 were detected, suggesting activation by addition of iso‐alkanes to fumarate and corresponding to detection of alkylsuccinate synthase‐like genes. 454 pyrotag sequencing, cloning and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16S rRNA genes revealed predominance of a novel member of the family Peptococcaceae (order Clostridiales) and Archaea affiliated with Methanoregula and Methanosaeta. We report here isomer‐specific metabolism of C7‐C8 iso‐alkanes under methanogenic conditions and propose their activation by a novel Peptococcaceae via addition to fumarate.
Complexes and imagination
Authors: Kast Verena 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFantasies as imaginative activities are seen by Jung as expressions of psychic energy. In the various descriptions of active imagination the observation of the inner image and the dialogue with inner figures, if possible, are important. The model of symbol formation, as Jung describes it, can be experienced in doing active imagination.There is a correspondence between Jung's understanding of complexes and our imaginations: complexes develop a fantasy life. Complex episodes are narratives of difficult dysfunctional relationship episodes that have occurred repeatedly and are internalized with episodic memory. This means that the whole complex episode (the image for the child and the image for the aggressor, connected with emotions) is internalized and can get constellated in everyday relationship.Therefore inner dialogues do not necessarily qualify as active imaginations, often they are the expression of complex‐episodes, very similar to fruitless soliloquies. If imaginations of this kind are repeated, new symbols and new possibilities of behaviour are not found. On the contrary, old patterns of behaviour and fantasies are perpetuated and become cemented. Imaginations of this kind need an intervention by the analyst. In clinical examples different kinds of imaginations are discussed.
Influences on my clinical practice and identity. Jungian analysis on the couch–what and where is the truth of it?
Authors: Schmidt Martin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe author considers the various influences that have shaped his clinical practice and particular identity as a Jungian analyst. It is hoped that the sharing of these observations will, like a shard of a hologram, reflect aspects of the Jungian community as a whole. The author also attempts to put Jungian analysis ‘on the couch’ by looking at the current debate in the Journal between traditional and relational psychoanalysis. This is compared to the discourse that philosophy has been struggling with for centuries concerning the nature of truth.
Early trauma and affect: the importance of the body for the development of the capacity to symbolize
Authors: Willemsen Hessel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this paper I aim to outline the importance of working clinically with affect when treating severely traumatized patients who have a limited capacity to symbolize. These patients, who suffer the loss of maternal care early in life, require the analyst to be closely attuned to the patient's distress through use of the countertransference and with significantly less attention paid to the transference. It is questionable whether we can speak of transference when there is limited capacity to form internal representations. The analyst's relationship with the patient is not necessarily used to make interpretations but, instead, the analyst's reverie functions therapeutically to develop awareness and containment of affect, first in the analyst's mind and, later, in the patient's, so that, in time, a relationship between the patient's mind and the body, as the first object, is made. In contrast to general object‐relations theories, in which the first object is considered to be the breast or the mother, Ferrari (2004) proposes that the body is the first object in the emerging mind. Once a relationship between mind and body is established, symbolization becomes possible following the formation of internal representations of affective states in the mind, where previously there were few. Using Ferrari's body‐mind model, two clinical case vignettes underline the need to use the countertransference with patients who suffered chronic developmental trauma in early childhood.
Use of stop‐smoking medications in the United States before and after the introduction of varenicline
Authors: Kasza Karin A. , Cummings K. Michael , Carpenter Matthew J. , Cornelius Monica E. , Hyland Andrew J. , Fong Geoffrey T. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimsTo evaluate trends in use of stop‐smoking medications (SSMs) before and after varenicline (Chantix™) was introduced to the market‐place in the United States, and to determine whether varenicline reached segments of the population unlikely to use other SSMs.DesignCohort survey.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsA nationally representative sample of adult smokers in the United States interviewed as part of the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey between 2004 and 2011. Primary analyses used cross‐sectional data from 1737 smokers who attempted to quit (∼450 per wave).MeasurementsReporting an attempt to quit smoking; use of each of the following types of SSMs for the purpose of quitting smoking: nicotine gum, nicotine patch, other nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion and varenicline.FindingsThere was a significant increase in the rate of use of any SSM among quit attempters across the study period [odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–1.21 per year]. This increase was largest after varenicline was introduced (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.07–1.26 per year); however, there was a decline in nicotine patch use during this time (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.76–0.99 per year). Varenicline users were generally similar to users of other SSMs but differed from those who did not use any SSMs, in that they tended to be older (OR = 5.46, P = 0.024), to be white (OR = 2.33, P = 0.002), to have high incomes (OR = 1.85, P = 0.005), to have high nicotine dependence prior to quitting (OR = 2.40, P = 0.001) and to have used medication in the past (OR = 3.29, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe introduction of varenicline in the United States coincided with a net increase in attempts to quit smoking and, among these, a net increase in use of stop‐smoking medications. The demographic profile of varenicline users is similar to the profile of those who use other stop‐smoking medications and different from the profile of those who attempt to quit without any medication.
Peyronie's disease: urologist's knowledge base and practice patterns
Authors: Sullivan J. , Moskovic D. , Nelson C. , Levine L. , Mulhall J. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryPeyronie's disease (PD) is a poorly understood clinical entity. We performed an in‐depth analysis of the knowledge base and current practice patterns of urologists in the United States. A 46‐question instrument was created by two experienced PD practitioners and emailed to current American Urology Association members nationally. Questions were either multiple‐choice or used a visual analogue scale. Responses regarding treatment options were answered by ranking a list of utilized therapies by preference. Data were aggregated and mean values for each category compiled. Responses were received from 639 urologists (67% in private practice). Almost all (98%) reported seeing PD patients with regularity. Twenty‐six percent believed PD prevalence is ≤1%, a small fraction (5%) reporting prevalence as ≥10%. Only 3% referred patients to a subspecialist in PD. Twenty‐six percent believed PD is a condition that does not warrant any treatment. The preferred initial management was with oral agents (81%). Of those who used intralesional injections as first line, verapamil was most commonly selected (67%). Seventy‐nine percent perform surgery for PD with 86% reporting the optimal timing at ≥12 months after onset of symptoms. Seventy percent perform penile plication, most commonly the Nesbit technique (54%), 61% perform implant surgery and 37% reported performing plaque incision/excision and grafting. Although PD is now a more recognized condition, there are still large variances in knowledge and management strategies. Prospective clinical studies are needed to elucidate standardized management guidelines and a more cohesive strategy to manage this common disease.
Modified methylene blue injection improves lymph node harvest in rectal cancer
Authors: Liu Jianpei , Huang Pinjie , Zheng Zongheng , Chen Tufeng , Wei Hongbo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of nodal metastases in rectal cancer plays an important role in accurate staging and prognosis, which depends on adequate lymph node harvest. The aim of this prospective study is to investigate the feasibility and survival benefit of improving lymph node harvest by a modified method with methylene blue injection in rectal cancer specimens.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐one patients with rectal cancer were randomly assigned to the control group in which lymph nodes were harvested by palpation and sight, or to the methylene blue group using a modified method of injection into the superior rectal artery with methylene blue. Analysis of clinicopathologic records, including a long‐term follow‐up, was performed.ResultsIn the methylene blue group, 678 lymph nodes were harvested by simple palpation and sight. Methylene blue injection added 853 lymph nodes to the total harvest as well as 32 additional metastatic lymph nodes, causing a shift to node‐positive stage in four patients. The average number of lymph nodes harvested was 11.7 ± 3.4 in the control group and 23.2 ± 4.7 in the methylene blue group, respectively. The harvest of small lymph nodes (<5 mm) and the average number of metastatic nodes were both significantly higher in the methylene blue group. The modified method of injection with methylene blue had no impact on overall survival.DiscussionThe modified method with methylene blue injection improved lymph node harvest in rectal cancer, especially small node and metastatic node retrieval, which provided more accurate staging. However, it was not associated with overall survival.
Dhanarajan, Gajaraj & Porter, David ed (2013) Open educational resources: An Asian perspectiveCommonwealth of learning (Vancouver) isbn 978‐1‐894975‐61‐2 274 pp CDN$12 (pdf free) http://www.col.org/resources/publications/Pages/detail.aspx?PID=441
Authors: Cannell Pete 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis book provides an up to date review of the higher education production and use of oer across Asia. It forms a valuable resource if you have a specific interest in the development of Open Education around the world but it also provides very useful background for broader issues around the development and use of oer. If the content of this book is likely to be relevant to you, I recommend that you arrange to borrow a copy for a while or, better, download your own copy.Pete Cannell
Patrut, Monica & Patrut, Bogdan ed (2013) Social media in higher educationIGI Global (Hershey & Eurospan, London) isbn 978‐1‐46662‐970‐7 474 pp £140 http://www.igi‐global.com/book/social‐media‐higher‐education/70774
Authors: Betts Lucy R. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis edited text is a comprehensive account of social media use in higher education. It includes chapters focusing on teaching, students, tools and technological issues, and educational and ethical issues—meaning that a range of social media and applications is systematically discussed. Get a copy on loan, I suggest, if this book may be relevant to you.Lucy R. Betts
Are trajectories of self‐regulation abilities from ages 2–3 to 6–7 associated with academic achievement in the early school years?
Authors: Sawyer A. C. P. , Chittleborough C. R. , Mittinty M. N. , Miller‐Lewis L. R. , Sawyer M. G. , Sullivan T. , Lynch J. W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to estimate the association between two key aspects of self‐regulation, ‘task attentiveness’ and ‘emotional regulation’ assessed from ages 2–3 to 6–7 years, and academic achievement when children were aged 6–7 years.MethodsParticipants (n = 3410) were children in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Parents rated children's task attentiveness and emotional regulation abilities when children were aged 2–3, 4–5 and 6–7. Academic achievement was assessed using the Academic Rating Scale completed by teachers. Linear regression models were used to estimate the association between developmental trajectories (i.e. rate of change per year) of task attentiveness and emotional regulation, and academic achievement at 6–7 years.ResultsImprovements in task attentiveness between 2–3 and 6–7 years, adjusted for baseline levels of task attentiveness, child and family confounders, and children's receptive vocabulary and non‐verbal reasoning skills at age 6–7 were associated with greater teacher‐rated literacy [B = 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.04–0.06] and maths achievement (B = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.03–0.06) at 6–7 years. Improvements in emotional regulation, adjusting for baseline levels and covariates, were also associated with better teacher‐rated literacy (B = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.01–0.04) but not with maths achievement (B = 0.01, 95% CI = −0.01–0.02) at 6–7 years. For literacy, improvements in task attentiveness had a stronger association with achievement at 6–7 years than improvements in emotional regulation.ConclusionsOur study shows that improved trajectories of task attentiveness from ages 2–3 to 6–7 years are associated with improved literacy and maths achievement during the early school years. Trajectories of improving emotional regulation showed smaller effects on academic outcomes. Results suggest that interventions that improve task attentiveness when children are aged 2–3 to 6–7 years have the potential to improve literacy and maths achievement during the early school years.
Social cognition in children with epilepsy in mainstream education
Authors: Lew Adina R , Lewis Charlie , Lunn Judith , Tomlin Pamela , Basu Helen , Roach Julie , Rakshi Karl , Martland Timothy 
Published: October 2014

AimTo establish whether deficits in social cognition are present in children with generalized or focal epilepsy in mainstream education, and whether any relation exists between social cognition, communication, and behaviour measures.MethodIn a cross‐sectional study, children with an epilepsy‐only diagnoses in mainstream education (n=20 with generalized epilepsy; eight males, 12 females; mean age 11y 6mo, SD 2y 6mo; and n=27 with focal epilepsy; 12 males, 15 females; mean age 11y 8mo, SD 2y 2mo) and comparison participants (n=57; 28 males, 29 females; mean age 11y 2mo, SD 2y 4mo) were administered the Strange Stories task and the Mind in the Eyes task, as well as an IQ assessment. Parents completed the Children's Communication Checklist‐2 and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).ResultsBoth groups of children with epilepsy performed more poorly than control children on the Mental Stories component of the Strange Stories task, F(2,101)=3.2, p<0.001. Performance on Mental Stories was related to pragmatic communication, but only in the generalized epilepsy group (r=0.51, p=0.03, 95% CI=0.2–0.8). There were no differences between epilepsy groups or control participants in the Mind in the Eyes task, F(2,101)=0.4, p=0.4.InterpretationChildren with ‘epilepsy only’ are at risk of deficits in social cognition and may require appropriate support.
Identifying Characteristics of Dissemination Success Using an Expert Panel
Authors: Bourrie David M. , Cegielski Casey G. , Jones‐Farmer L. Allison , Sankar Chetan S. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough considerable work has been done to develop new educational innovations, few have found widespread acceptance in the classroom. To improve the likelihood of adoption of educational innovations, researchers need to understand why some innovations are adopted and routinely used, while others are not. An initial aspect of the diffusion of innovations, as defined in the classical sociological literature, involves the communication of ideas and concepts related to innovations between individuals. This article presents an expert panel's answer to the following question: “What are the most important characteristics that relate to the dissemination of educational innovations?” As dissemination is a critical facet of the diffusion of an innovation, 45 researchers who received technology and engineering grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF) participated in a Delphi study designed to address this research question. In three rounds, the experts identified and ranked 11 characteristics of educational innovations, 6 characteristics of students, 13 characteristics of faculty members, and 5 characteristics of administrators that can relate to the successful dissemination of educational innovations. The results of this study led to the formation of a Characteristics of Dissemination Success (CODS) framework. This framework offers useful guidance for educational innovators seeking a better understanding of the influences on the dissemination of educational innovations.
Nocturnal stem cell mobilization in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a pilot study
Authors: Chou Kun‐Ta , Liu Chen‐Chi , Hsu Han‐Shui , Chang Shi‐Chuan , Chen Yuh‐Min , Perng Diahn‐Warng , Hsu Yuan‐Tong , Lee Yu‐Chin , Hung Shih‐Chieh 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundPatients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) experience repetitive cessation of breathing during sleep, leading to intermittent hypoxaemia, excessive oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. These insults may damage the vasculature and provoke the corresponding repair response, such as stem cell mobilization to peripheral blood. This study aimed to investigate nocturnal mobilization of stem cells in OSA.MethodsThirty‐five patients with OSA and thirteen healthy controls were enrolled. Polysomnography was performed, and severity of OSA was defined by apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI). Peripheral venous blood was drawn after and before sleep for measurement of CD34+ cell and SDF‐1α level. Stem cell mobilization was gauged by ratios of the CD34+ level in the morning to that at night or by their difference. Correlation analysis was performed to identify factors related to stem cell mobilization.ResultsCompared to controls, the nocturnal ratios and difference of CD34+ cell levels were larger in patients with OSA (ratios: 1·141 vs. 0·896, P = 0·036; difference: 340 vs. −166/cc blood, P = 0·036), suggestive of stem cell mobilization. The mobilization ratios were related to AHI, body mass index (BMI), SpO2 nadir, oxygen desaturation index and time sustaining hypoxaemia. After adjusting age, gender and BMI, AHI (r = 0·357, P = 0·016) and hypoxaemia‐related parameter remained significant. Paired nocturnal differences in CD34+ cell count (P = 0·009) and SDF‐1α (P = 0·001) were also significant in patients with OSA, but not in controls. After CPAP therapy for 6 months, the elevated mobilization ratios in patients with OSA tended to decline (P = 0·059).ConclusionCD34+ stem cell mobilization during sleep was observed in OSA.
Impact of body mass index on mortality in heart failure patients
Authors: Takiguchi Mai , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Miura Shunsuke , Shimizu Takeshi , Nakamura Yuichi , Yamauchi Hiroyuki , Iwaya Shoji , Owada Takashi , Miyata Makiko , Abe Satoshi , Sato Takamasa , Suzuki Satoshi , Suzuki Hitoshi , Saitoh Shu‐ichi , Takeishi Yasuchika 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundHigher body mass index (BMI) is associated with incident heart failure (HF), but paradoxically associated with better prognosis, recognized as the obesity paradox in HF. However, the impact of BMI on detailed prognosis on HF and the mechanism of obesity paradox remain still unclear.Materials and methodsWe researched consecutive 648 patients admitted for HF as follows: underweight (BMI < 18·5 kg/m2, n = 86), normal (18·5 ≤ BMI < 25, n = 380), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30, n = 147) and obese (30 ≤ BMI, n = 35) and compared the results from their laboratory tests and echocardiography. We also followed cardiac and all‐cause mortality.ResultsObese group had a higher prevalence of obesity‐related comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia); however, tumour necrosis factor‐α, adiponectin, troponin T and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure were higher in the underweight group than in the other groups (P < 0·05, respectively). Left and right ventricular systolic function did not differ among the groups. In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, cardiac and all‐cause mortality progressively increased from obese to overweight, normal and underweight group. Importantly, in the Cox proportional hazard analyses after adjusting for known risk factors, BMI was an independent predictor of cardiac and all‐cause mortality (P < 0·01, respectively) in HF patients.ConclusionsBody mass index was an independent predictor of cardiac death and all‐cause mortality in HF patients. Furthermore, lower BMI was associated with higher circulating levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α, adiponectin and troponin T and higher systolic pulmonary arterial pressure.