bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental modelling, media equipment and screen-viewing among young children: cross-sectional study
Authors: Jago Russell , Sebire Simon J , Lucas Patricia J , Turner Katrina M , Bentley Georgina F , Goodred Joanna K , Stewart-Brown Sarah , Fox Kenneth R 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo examine whether parental screen-viewing, parental attitudes or access to media equipment were associated with the screen-viewing of 6-year-old to 8-year-old children.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingOnline survey.Main outcomeParental report of the number of hours per weekday that they and, separately, their 6-year-old to 8-year-old child spent watching TV, using a games console, a smart-phone and multiscreen viewing. Parental screen-viewing, parental attitudes and pieces of media equipment were exposures.ResultsOver 75% of the parents and 62% of the children spent more than 2 h/weekday watching TV. Over two-thirds of the parents and almost 40% of the children spent more than an hour per day multiscreen viewing. The mean number of pieces of media equipment in the home was 5.9 items, with 1.3 items in the child's bedroom. Children who had parents who spent more than 2 h/day watching TV were over 7.8 times more likely to exceed the 2 h threshold. Girls and boys who had a parent who spent an hour or more multiscreen viewing were 34 times more likely to also spend more than an hour per day multiscreen viewing. Media equipment in the child's bedroom was associated with higher TV viewing, computer time and multiscreen viewing. Each increment in the parental agreement that watching TV was relaxing for their child was associated with a 49% increase in the likelihood that the child spent more than 2 h/day watching TV.ConclusionsChildren who have parents who engage in high levels of screen-viewing are more likely to engage in high levels of screen-viewing. Access to media equipment, particularly in the child's bedroom, was associated with higher levels of screen-viewing. Family-based strategies to reduce screen-viewing and limit media equipment access may be important ways to reduce child screen-viewing.
High risk of ‘failure’ among emergency physicians compared with other specialists: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lee Yi-Kung , Lee Ching-Chih , Chen Chien-Chih , Wong Chun-Hing , Su Yung-Cheng 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThe intensive physical and psychological stress of emergency medicine has evoked concerns about whether emergency physicians could work in the emergency department for their entire careers. Results of previous studies of the attrition rates of emergency physicians are conflicting, but the study samples and designs were limited.ObjectiveTo use National Health Insurance claims data to track the work status and work places of emergency physicians compared with other specialists. To examine the hypothesis that emergency physicians leave their specialty more frequently than other hospital-based specialists.MethodsThree types of specialists who work in hospitals were enrolled: emergency physicians, surgeons and radiologists/pathologists. Every physician was followed up until they left the hospital, did not work anymore or were censored. A Kaplan–Meier curve was plotted to show the trend. A multivariate Cox regression model was then applied to evaluate the adjusted HRs of emergency physicians compared with other specialists.ResultsA total of 16 666 physicians (1584 emergency physicians, 12 103 surgeons and 2979 radiologists/pathologists) were identified between 1997 and 2010. For emergency physicians, the Kaplan–Meier curve showed a significantly decreased survival after 10 years. The log-rank test was statistically significant (p value <0.001). In the Cox regression model, after adjusting for age and sex, the HRs of emergency physicians compared with surgeons and radiologists/pathologists were 5.84 (95% CI 2.98 to 11.47) and 21.34 (95% CI 8.00 to 56.89), respectively.ConclusionEmergency physicians have a higher probability of leaving their specialties than surgeons and radiologists/pathologists, possibly owing to the high stress of emergency medicine. Further strategies should be planned to retain experienced emergency physicians in their specialties.
HIV, syphilis and sexual risk behaviours among men who have sex with men in Agadir and Marrakesh, Morocco
Authors: Johnston Lisa Grazina , Alami Kamal , El Rhilani M Houssine , Karkouri Mehdi , Mellouk Othoman , Abadie Alise , Rafif Nadia , Ouarsas Lahoucine , Bennani Aziza , Omari Boutaina El 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo collect baseline measurements of HIV and syphilis prevalence and sexual risk behaviours among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Agadir and Marrakech, Morocco, and provide strategic information to improve outreach programmes.Methods and DesignRespondent-driven sampling was used to recruit men who reported having anal sex with another man in the last 6 months, aged 18 years and older and living in either Agadir or Marrakech for the past 6 months, regardless of nationality. Data were analysed with the multiplicity estimator using respondent-driven sampling analysis tool V.6.0.Results323 MSM in Agadir and 346 in Marrakech were recruited into the survey. Most MSM in both cities reported being < 25 years, being unemployed, bisexual and in a couple with both a man and a woman. Most reported selling sex and having sex with women. HIV prevalence was 5.6% in Agadir and 2.8% in Marrakesh; syphilis was 7.0% in Agadir and 10.8% in Marrakesh. Among MSM who tested positive for HIV, 31.6% in Agadir and 56.4% in Marrakesh were co-infected with syphilis.ConclusionsHIV and syphilis findings coupled with high risk activities indicate the need for expanding programmes targeting MSM throughout Morocco. Selling sex and sex with women may be a strategy to cope with extreme stigma towards MSM. Criminalisation and discrimination of MSM in Morocco underscores the urgent need for long-term and sustainable risk reduction through legal reforms and promotion and protection of human rights.
Global Milankovitch cycles recorded in rock magnetism of the shallow marine lower Cretaceous Cupido Formation, northeastern Mexico
Authors: Hinnov Linda A. , Kodama Kenneth P. , Anastasio David J. , Elrick Maya , Latta Diana K. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Rock magnetic cyclostratigraphy was measured in the Barremian–Aptian Cupido (‘Cupidito’) Formation, northeastern Mexico. The goal was to develop an objective evaluation of palaeo-environmental variability recorded in the formation that is independent of facies analysis and interpretation. Anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) was used to estimate magnetic mineral concentration variations for the upper 143 m of the formation, which is characterized by metre-scale carbonate cycles representative of inner- and middle-shelf marine environments. Isothermal remanent magnetization acquisition experiments and scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination indicate that micron-sized detrital magnetite from eolian dust carries the ARM signal. At the sampled sections from Garcia and Chico canyons, 25 km apart, ARM records a synchronous 30–35 m oscillation with maxima coinciding with fourth-order sequence boundaries, superimposed with prominent high-frequency variability. Calibrating the 30–35 m oscillation to a 405 kyr period (long eccentricity cycle) focuses the high frequencies into short eccentricity, obliquity and precession index bands; the precession-band signal modulates with an eccentricity signature. The ARM signal is correlated between sections, but decoupled from the interpreted fifth-order depositional cycles. ARM amplitudes diminish up-section with facies suggesting deepening conditions that diluted magnetite concentration. This probably signals a warming, increasingly humid climate, changing global circulation and/or greater dispersal of magnetite grains.
SOCS3 Transactivation by PPARγ Prevents IL-17–Driven Cancer Growth
Authors: Berger Hélène , Végran Frédérique , Chikh Madijd , Gilardi Federica , Ladoire Sylvain , Bugaut Hélène , Mignot Grégoire , Chalmin Fanny , Bruchard Mélanie , Derangère Valentin , Chevriaux Angélique , Rébé Cédric , Ryffel Bernhard , Pot Caroline , Hichami Aziz , Desvergne Béatrice , Ghiringhelli François , Apetoh Lionel 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Activation of the transcription factor PPARγ by the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is implicated in controlling proinflammatory cytokine secretion, but the intracellular signaling pathways engaged by PPARγ are incompletely characterized. Here, we identify the adapter-encoding gene SOCS3 as a critical transcriptional target of PPARγ. SOCS3 promoter binding and gene transactivation by PPARγ was associated with a repression in differentiation of proinflammatory T-helper (TH)17 cells. Accordingly, TH17 cells induced in vitro displayed increased SOCS3 expression and diminished capacity to produce interleukin (IL)-17 following activation of PPARγ by DHA. Furthermore, naïve CD4 T cells derived from mice fed a DHA-enriched diet displayed less capability to differentiate into TH17 cells. In two different mouse models of cancer, DHA prevented tumor outgrowth and angiogenesis in an IL-17–dependent manner. Altogether, our results uncover a novel molecular pathway by which PPARγ-induced SOCS3 expression prevents IL-17–mediated cancer growth. Cancer Res; 73(12); 3578–90. ©2013 AACR.
A Review of Study Designs and Outcomes of Phase I Clinical Studies of Nanoparticle Agents Compared with Small-Molecule Anticancer Agents
Authors: Caron Whitney P. , Morgan Katherine P. , Zamboni Beth A. , Zamboni William C. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Nanoparticles or carrier-mediated agents have been designed to prolong drug circulation time, increase tumor delivery, and improve therapeutic index compared to their small-molecule counterparts. The starting dose for phase I studies of small molecules and nanoparticles anticancer agents is based on the toxicity profile of the most sensitive species (e.g., rat or canine), but the optimal animal model for these studies of nanoparticles is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the design, progression, and outcomes of phase I studies of nanoparticles compared with small-molecule anticancer agents.
Experimental design: In preclinical studies, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in rats and dogs was evaluated for nanoparticles and their respective small molecules. In phase I clinical trials in patients with advanced solid tumors, the basis for starting dose, the number of dose escalations, number of patients enrolled, and the ratio of MTD to starting dose was determined for nanoparticles and small molecules.
Results: The mean ratio of MTD to starting dose in clinical phase I studies was significantly greater for nanoparticles (13.9 ± 10.8) compared with small molecules (2.1 ± 1.1; P = 0.005). The number of dose levels in a clinical phase I study was also significantly greater for nanoparticles (7.3 ± 2.9) compared with small molecules (4.1 ± 1.5; P = 0.008).
Conclusions: The degree of dose escalation from starting dose to MTD was significantly greater for nanoparticles as compared with small-molecule anticancer drugs. These findings necessitate the need to identify the most appropriate preclinical animal model to use when evaluating nanoparticles toxicity. Clin Cancer Res; 19(12); 3309–15. ©2013 AACR.
Toward Prediction of Efficacy of Chemotherapy: A Proof of Concept Study in Lung Cancer Patients Using [11C]docetaxel and Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: van der Veldt Astrid A.M. , Lubberink Mark , Mathijssen Ron H.J. , Loos Walter J. , Herder Gerarda J.M. , Greuter Henri N. , Comans Emile F.I. , Rutten Hugo B. , Eriksson Jonas , Windhorst Albert D. , Hendrikse N. Harry , Postmus Pieter E. , Smit Egbert F. , Lammertsma Adriaan A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Pharmacokinetics of docetaxel can be measured in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) and a microdose of radiolabeled docetaxel ([11C]docetaxel). The objective of this study was to investigate whether a [11C]docetaxel PET microdosing study could predict tumor uptake of therapeutic doses of docetaxel.
Experimental Design: Docetaxel-naïve lung cancer patients underwent 2 [11C]docetaxel PET scans; one after bolus injection of [11C]docetaxel and another during combined infusion of [11C]docetaxel and a therapeutic dose of docetaxel (75 mg·m−2). Compartmental and spectral analyses were used to quantify [11C]docetaxel tumor kinetics. [11C]docetaxel PET measurements were used to estimate the area under the curve (AUC) of docetaxel in tumors. Tumor response was evaluated using computed tomography scans.
Results: Net rates of influx (Ki) of [11C]docetaxel in tumors were comparable during microdosing and therapeutic scans. [11C]docetaxel AUCTumor during the therapeutic scan could be predicted reliably using an impulse response function derived from the microdosing scan together with the plasma curve of [11C]docetaxel during the therapeutic scan. At 90 minutes, the accumulated amount of docetaxel in tumors was less than 1% of the total infused dose of docetaxel. [11C]docetaxel Ki derived from the microdosing scan correlated with AUCTumor of docetaxel (Spearman ρ = 0.715; P = 0.004) during the therapeutic scan and with tumor response to docetaxel therapy (Spearman ρ = −0.800; P = 0.010).
Conclusions: Microdosing data of [11C]docetaxel PET can be used to predict tumor uptake of docetaxel during chemotherapy. The present study provides a framework for investigating the PET microdosing concept for radiolabeled anticancer drugs in patients. Clin Cancer Res; 19(15); 4163–73. ©2013 AACR.
Adverse Outcomes in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma with Mutations of 3p21 Epigenetic Regulators BAP1 and SETD2: A Report by MSKCC and the KIRC TCGA Research Network
Authors: Hakimi A. Ari , Ostrovnaya Irina , Reva Boris , Schultz Nikolaus , Chen Ying-Bei , Gonen Mithat , Liu Han , Takeda Shugaku , Voss Martin H. , Tickoo Satish K. , Reuter Victor E. , Russo Paul , Cheng Emily H. , Sander Chris , Motzer Robert J. , Hsieh James J. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the impact of newly identified chromosome 3p21 epigenetic tumor suppressors PBRM1, SETD2, and BAP1 on cancer-specific survival (CSS) of 609 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from 2 distinct cohorts.
Experimental Design: Select sequencing on 3p tumor suppressors of 188 patients who underwent resection of primary ccRCC at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) was conducted to interrogate the genotype–phenotype associations. These findings were compared with analyses of the genomic and clinical dataset from our nonoverlapping The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort of 421 patients with primary ccRCC.
Results: 3p21 tumor suppressors are frequently mutated in both the MSKCC (PBRM1, 30.3%; SETD2, 7.4%; BAP1, 6.4%) and the TCGA (PBRM1, 33.5%; SETD2, 11.6%; BAP1, 9.7%) cohorts. BAP1 mutations are associated with worse CSS in both cohorts [MSKCC, P = 0.002; HR 7.71; 95% confidence interval (CI)2.08–28.6; TCGA, P = 0.002; HR 2.21; 95% CI 1.35–3.63]. SETD2 are associated with worse CSS in the TCGA cohort (P = 0.036; HR 1.68; 95% CI 1.04–2.73). On the contrary, PBRM1 mutations, the second most common gene mutations of ccRCC, have no impact on CSS.
Conclusion: The chromosome 3p21 locus harbors 3 frequently mutated ccRCC tumor suppressor genes. BAP1 and SETD2 mutations (6%–12%) are associated with worse CSS, suggesting their roles in disease progression. PBRM1 mutations (30%–34%) do not impact CSS, implicating its principal role in the tumor initiation. Future efforts should focus on therapeutic interventions and further clinical, pathologic, and molecular interrogation of this novel class of tumor suppressors. Clin Cancer Res; 19(12); 3259–67. ©2013 AACR.
Regorafenib Inhibits Growth, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis in a Highly Aggressive, Orthotopic Colon Cancer Model
Authors: Abou-Elkacem Lotfi , Arns Susanne , Brix Gunnar , Gremse Felix , Zopf Dieter , Kiessling Fabian , Lederle Wiltrud 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The combination of target-specific drugs like bevacizumab with chemotherapeutics has improved treatment efficacy in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the clinical prognosis of metastatic CRCs is still poor, and novel drugs are currently assessed with respect to their efficacies in patients with CRCs. In a phase III study, the multikinase inhibitor regorafenib (BAY 73-4506) has recently been shown to prolong survival of patients with CRCs after standard therapies failed. In the present study, the activity of regorafenib was investigated in comparison with the angiogenesis inhibitor DC101 in the highly aggressive, murine CT26 metastatic colon cancer model. While a treatment for 10 days with DC101 given at a dose of 34 mg/kg every third day significantly delayed tumor growth compared with vehicle-treated animals, regorafenib completely suppressed tumor growth at a daily oral dose of 30 mg/kg. Regorafenib also induced a stronger reduction in tumor vascularization, as longitudinally assessed in vivo by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, regorafenib inhibited the angiogenic activity more strongly and induced a three times higher apoptosis rate than DC101. Even more important, regorafenib completely prevented the formation of liver metastases, whereas in DC101-treated animals, the metastatic rate was only reduced by 33% compared with the vehicle group. In addition, regorafenib significantly reduced the amount of infiltrating macrophages. These data show that the multikinase inhibitor regorafenib exerts strong antiangiogenic, antitumorigenic, and even antimetastatic effects on highly aggressive colon carcinomas indicative for its high potential in the treatment of advanced CRCs. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(7); 1322–31. ©2013 AACR.
Outcome of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Piers Sebastiaan R.D. , Leong Darryl P. , van Taxis Carine F.B. van Huls , Tayyebi Mohammad , Trines Serge A. , Pijnappels Daniël A. , Delgado Victoria , Schalij Martin J. , Zeppenfeld Katja 
Published: April 2013

Background—
Ablation failure and recurrence rates after ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation in nonischemic cardiomyopathy are high and the optimal procedural end point is not well defined. This study assessed the outcome after ablation, the impact of noninducibility, and other potential predictors of VT recurrence.

Methods and Results—

Forty-five patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (60±16 years; left ventricular ejection fraction, 44±14%) accepted for VT ablation were included. Epicardial mapping was performed in 29 (64%). A median of 2 (first-to-third quartile, 2–4) VTs (cycle length, 342±77 ms) were induced per patient. After ablation, the complete programmed electric stimulation protocol (3 drive cycle length, 3 extrastimuli ≥200 ms, and burst≥2 sites) was repeated. Complete success (noninducibility of any monomorphic VT) was achieved in 17 patients (38%), partial success (elimination of clinical VT, persistent inducibility of nonclinical VT) in 17 patients (38%), and failure (persistent inducibility of clinical VT) in 11 patients (24%). During 25±15 months of follow-up, VT occurred in 24 patients (53%), but the 6-month VT burden was reduced by ≥75% in 79%. Recurrence rates were low after complete procedural success (18%), but high after both partial success (77%) and failure (73%). Non-complete procedural success was the strongest predictor of VT recurrence (hazard ratio, 8.20; 95% confidence interval, 2.37–28.43;
P
=0.001).

Conclusions—
Although 53% of patients had VT during follow-up, the 6-month VT burden was decreased by ≥75% in 79%. Recurrence rates are low after complete procedural success, but high after both partial success and failure. Non-complete procedural success was the strongest predictor of VT recurrence.
Yield of Catheter Angiography After Computed Tomography Negative, Lumbar Puncture Positive Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Wallace Adam N. , Dines Jeffrey N. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Derdeyn Colin P. 
Published: April 2013

Background and Purpose—
Patients suspected of having aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are initially evaluated with noncontrast head computed tomography. If the computed tomography is negative, but clinical concern for SAH is high, a lumbar puncture with cerebrospinal fluid analysis is typically performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid xanthochromia and erythrocytosis for aneurysmal SAH.

Methods—
Medical records of all patients who underwent catheter angiography at Barnes Jewish Hospital between July 2002 and April 2012 for clinical suspicion of a ruptured brain aneurysm after a negative computed tomography scan and a lumbar puncture suspicious for SAH were reviewed. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis results, angiographic findings, and outcomes of each case were recorded.

Results—
Fifty-seven patients were identified. Two angiographic lesions were identified in patients with xanthochromia (2/24 patients, ie, 8.3%), both of which were confirmed to have ruptured. The diagnostic yield in patients with nonclearing erythrocytosis and no xanthochromia was 6.3% (1/16 patients), although this lesion was not considered the source of SAH.

Conclusions—
Catheter angiography should be performed in patients with computed tomography negative but suspicious lumbar puncture, particularly in the presence of xanthochromia. The benefit of angiography in patients with erythrocytosis only is unclear and deserves future study.
Influence of age at diagnosis and duration of diabetes on the positivity of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody in South-Brazilian type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Maraschin Jorge de Faria , Weinert Letícia Schwerz , Murussi Nádia , Witter Vanessa , Rodrigues Ticiana da Costa , Rossato Egna Regina , Silveiro Sandra Pinho 
Published: April 2013

Aim To evaluate the influence of age of onset and duration of diabetes on the positivity of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) in South-Brazilian type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Methods GADA was evaluated in 92 patients with type 1 diabetes, in 147 gestational DM patients, and in 59 subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Results Type 1 patients with positive GADA ( N = 44, 48%) were older at the onset of diabetes (22 ± 9 versus 18 ± 10 y, P = 0.043) and had a shorter DM duration (12 ± 8 versus 19 ± 9 y, P < 0.001), as compared with negative GADA patients. A logistic regression with antibody positivity as the dependent variable and diabetes duration as the independent variable, showed that the shorter diabetes duration was related to the presence of the antibody with an odds ratio (OR) = 5.6; (CI 95% = 2.1–14.6); P < 0.001. Another model, with age at diagnosis as the independent variable, did not show any association with antibody positivity. However, analysing only men, a shorter DM duration (OR = 6.5; CI = 1.7–24.0; P = 0.006), and also a higher age at diagnosis (OR = 5.5; CI = 1.5–21.0; P = 0.01) were significantly related to the antibody positivity. The performance of GADA was similar in up to 15 y of duration of DM ( P = 0.78), but significantly diminished with higher duration ( P = 0.001). Conclusion GADA testing is a helpful tool in the diagnosis of type 1 DM starting in young adults and older individuals. Even though the positivity rate declines along the course of disease, it still provides useful information up to 15 y after the diabetes diagnosis.