bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein and fat intake impact on growth of primary school girls in Kerman, Iran
Authors: Jannati Nooshin , Mahmoodi Mohammad Reza , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe school age period is characterized by significant physical and intellectual growth, necessitating the monitoring of macronutrient intake and its impact on weight and height. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between the quality and quantity of protein and fat consumption with anthropometric indices in primary school girls in Kerman. This cross-sectional analysis was conducted on primary school girls aged 6–12 (n 330) from ten schools in Kerman, Iran. A validated and reliable dish-based 185-item food frequency questionnaire was used. We calculated the amount of proteins and fats as the percentage of daily calories and grams per day. Plant-based and animal-based proteins were used to assess the protein quality. To assess the fat quality, we considered trans fatty acids (TFA), cholesterol, vegetable oils, solid vegetable oils, animal oils, omega-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), omega-3 PUFA, and (PUFAs + Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs))/Saturated fatty acids (SFAs), PUFAs/SFA, and (MUFA + PUFA)/(SFA + TFA). There was a significant positive association between height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and plant protein (p < 0.001) and vegetable oils (p = 0.038) after adjustment. In higher tertiles of animal protein, weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) (p = 0.024) were significantly higher. A significant positive association was observed between omega-3 PUFA and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) (p = 0.039) and BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ) (p = 0.016). Our study emphasizes the importance of monitoring protein and fat intake in primary school girls for optimal growth. Positive associations were found between plant-based protein, vegetable oils and HAZ, as well as animal protein and WAZ, highlighting the impact of protein quality on growth indicators.
Dexamethasone treatment influences tendon healing through altered resolution and a direct effect on tendon cells
Authors: Dietrich-Zagonel Franciele , Alim Md Abdul , Beckman Leo Bon , Eliasson Pernilla 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInflammation, corticosteroids, and loading all affect tendon healing, with an interaction between them. However, underlying mechanisms behind the effect of corticosteroids and the interaction with loading remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of dexamethasone during tendon healing, including specific effects on tendon cells. Rats (n = 36) were randomized to heavy loading or mild loading, the Achilles tendon was transected, and animals were treated with dexamethasone or saline. Gene and protein analyses of the healing tendon were performed for extracellular matrix-, inflammation-, and tendon cell markers. We further tested specific effects of dexamethasone on tendon cells in vitro. Dexamethasone increased mRNA levels of S100A4 and decreased levels of ACTA2/α-SMA, irrespective of load level. Heavy loading + dexamethasone reduced mRNA levels of FN1 and TenC (p < 0.05), while resolution-related genes were unaltered (p > 0.05). In contrast, mild loading + dexamethasone increased mRNA levels of resolution-related genes ANXA1, MRC1, PDPN, and PTGES (p < 0.03). Altered protein levels were confirmed in tendons with mild loading. Dexamethasone treatment in vitro prevented tendon construct formation, increased mRNA levels of S100A4 and decreased levels of SCX and collagens. Dexamethasone during tendon healing appears to act through immunomodulation by promoting resolution, but also through an effect on tendon cells.
Bioimpedance analysis for identifying new indicators of exercise-induced muscle damage
Authors: Yamaguchi Shota , Inami Takayuki , Ishida Hiroyuki , Nagata Naoya , Murayama Mitsuyoshi , Morito Akihisa , Yamada Satoshi , Kohtake Naohiko 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA noninvasive, immediate, and convenient method for assessing muscle tissue status during exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) has not been established. This study was designed to assess and determine parameters suitable for measuring EIMD after eccentric exercise, using multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Thirty-five young male participants performed dumbbell exercises with their left arm, and their BIA parameters were measured at various time points up to 168 h post exercise using a multi-frequency BIA device. At all-time points, intra and extracellular water content was greater in the left arm than in the right arm, whereas the impedance, reactance, resistance, and phase angle were lower in the left arm than in the right arm. Established EIMD indices, such as maximal isometric voluntary contraction, were measured and used in correlational analyses. Only reactance was correlated with biomarkers, indicating muscle damage (r =  − 0.56 to − 0.49). Furthermore, reactance was found to correlate well with indirect indicators of EIMD, suggesting that it may be a suitable marker for evaluating EIMD. However, the relationship with the limited evaluation indices employed in this study is constrained. Future studies should investigate the correlation between reactance and direct damage indicators, such as structural damage, observed in biopsies.
Integrative network analysis of miRNA-mRNA expression profiles during epileptogenesis in rats reveals therapeutic targets after emergence of first spontaneous seizure
Authors: Khemka Niraj , Morris Gareth , Kazemzadeh Laleh , Costard Lara S. , Neubert Valentin , Bauer Sebastian , Rosenow Felix , Venø Morten T. , Kjems Jørgen , Henshall David C. , Prehn Jochen H. M. , Connolly Niamh M. C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEpileptogenesis is the process by which a normal brain becomes hyperexcitable and capable of generating spontaneous recurrent seizures. The extensive dysregulation of gene expression associated with epileptogenesis is shaped, in part, by microRNAs (miRNAs) – short, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate protein levels. Functional miRNA-mediated regulation can, however, be difficult to elucidate due to the complexity of miRNA-mRNA interactions. Here, we integrated miRNA and mRNA expression profiles sampled over multiple time-points during and after epileptogenesis in rats, and applied bi-clustering and Bayesian modelling to construct temporal miRNA-mRNA-mRNA interaction networks. Network analysis and enrichment of network inference with sequence- and human disease-specific information identified key regulatory miRNAs with the strongest influence on the mRNA landscape, and miRNA-mRNA interactions closely associated with epileptogenesis and subsequent epilepsy. Our findings underscore the complexity of miRNA-mRNA regulation, can be used to prioritise miRNA targets in specific systems, and offer insights into key regulatory processes in epileptogenesis with therapeutic potential for further investigation.
A hybrid finite-discrete element method for modelling cracking processes in sandy mudstone containing a single edge-flaw under cyclic dynamic loading
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Xu Wenjie , Zhang Xiaoping , Yu Yan , Xu Chong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRock mass deformation and failure are macroscopic manifestations of crack initiation, propagation, and coalescence. However, simulating the transition of rocks from continuous to discontinuous media under cyclic dynamic loading remains challenging. This study proposes a hybrid finite-discrete element method (HFDEM) to model crack propagation, incorporating a frequency-dependent cohesive-zone model. The mechanical properties of standard sandy mudstone under quasi-static and cyclic dynamic loading were simulated using HFDEM, and the method's reliability was verified through experimental comparison. The comparative analysis demonstrates that HFDEM successfully captures crack interaction mechanisms and accurately simulates the overall failure behavior of specimens. Additionally, the effects of pre-existing flaw inclination angle and dynamic loading frequency on rock failure mechanisms were investigated. The numerical results reveal that rock samples exhibit significantly higher compressive strength under dynamic loading compared to quasi-static loading, with compressive strength increasing with higher cyclic dynamic load frequencies. Furthermore, by analyzing the strength characteristics, crack propagation, and failure modes of the samples, insights into the failure mechanisms of rocks under different frequency loads were obtained. This study provides valuable insights into crack development and failure of rocks under seismic loads, offering guidance for engineering practices.
Progenitor mass and ejecta asymmetry of supernova 2023ixf from nebular spectroscopy
Authors: Ferrari Lucía , Folatelli Gastón , Ertini Keila , Kuncarayakti Hanindyo , Andrews Jennifer E. 
Published: July 2024

Context. Supernova (SN) 2023ixf was discovered in the galaxy M 101 in May 2023. Its proximity provided the scientific community an extremely valuable opportunity to study the characteristics of the SN and its progenitor. A point source detected on archival images and hydrodynamical modeling of the bolometric light curve have been used to constrain the former star’s properties. There is a significant variation in the published results regarding the initial mass of the progenitor. Nebular spectroscopy can be used to enhance our understanding of the SN and its progenitor.
Aims. We determined the SN progenitor mass by studying the first published nebular spectrum, taken 259 days after the explosion.
Methods. We analyzed the nebular spectrum taken with GMOS at the Gemini North Telescope. We identified typical emission lines, such as [O I], Hα, and [Ca II], among others. Some species’ line profiles show broad and narrow components, indicating two ejecta velocities and an asymmetric ejecta. We inferred the progenitor mass of SN 2023ixf by comparing its spectra with synthetic spectra and by measuring the forbidden oxygen doublet flux.
Results. Based on the flux ratio and the direct comparison with spectra models, the progenitor star of SN 2023ixf had a MZAMS between 12 and 15 M⊙. We find that using the [O I] doublet flux provides a less tight constraint on the progenitor mass. Our results agree with those from hydrodynamical modeling of the early light curve and pre-explosion image estimates that point to a relatively low-mass progenitor.
Silver-Catalyzed Dearomative [3+2] Spiroannulation of Aryl Oxamic Acids with Alkynes
Authors: Liang Ren-Xiao , Jin Cheng-An , Jia Yi-Xia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA silver-catalyzed dearomative decarboxylative [3+2] spiroannulation of aryl oxamic acids with alkynes is described. The reaction provides reliable access to a range of azaspiro[4,5]trienones in moderate yields in aqueous media. In addition, the reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility.
Hereditary Colorectal Cancer: From Diagnosis to Surgical Options
Authors: Aoun Rami James N. , Kalady Matthew F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndromes account for up to 5% of CRC. Patients have an increased risk of CRC and extracolonic cancers, both of which develop at an early age. The main polyposis syndromes include familial adenomatous polyposis, MYH-associated polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, and PTEN hamartoma syndrome. The non-polyposis syndromes include Lynch syndrome and familial colorectal cancer type X. Each of the syndromes have distinct but sometimes overlapping phenotypes. Clinical evaluation and ultimately the underlying germline genetic pathogenic variants define the syndromes. Each syndrome has polyp, CRC, and extracolonic risks and management is based on early and timely surveillance with therapeutic and often extended prophylactic surgery. Surgical intervention strategies are individualized, considering not only the earlier onset of malignancies and heightened risks for metachronous cancers but also the patient's needs and quality of life. This article reviews the different diagnostic approaches to hereditary CRC and highlights subsequent disease-specific management and surgical decision-making strategies.
Cross-border banking and bank stability: evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Gondwe Sopani , Gwatidzo Tendai , Mahonye Nyasha 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBased on bank-level data from 29 Sub-Saharan African countries between 2005 and 2019, we apply panel fixed effects (FE) and two-step system GMM estimators to investigate whether increased cross-border banking affects domestic banking sector stability. We find significant evidence that the stability of banks in host countries declines with an increased presence of foreign banks—and the impact is more pronounced on banks that are small and less efficient. The stability impact of foreign banks is also found to depend on the quality of governance institutional factors in the host country. The findings shed some important insights on the downside of financial liberalisation policy in developing countries and the need for increased cross-border collaboration between home and host supervisory authorities in the SSA region—especially in jurisdictions where the foreign bank affiliates are systemically important. The domestic supervisory authorities thus need to effectively manage the inherent trade-off between reaping the benefits from international financial integration while effectively safeguarding domestic banking systems against cross-border contagion and fragility.
Influence of cholesterol on hydrogen-bond dynamics of water molecules in lipid-bilayer systems at varying temperatures
Authors: Shikata Kokoro , Kasahara Kento , Watanabe Nozomi Morishita , Umakoshi Hiroshi , Kim Kang , Matubayasi Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2024

Cholesterol (Chol) plays a crucial role in shaping the intricate physicochemical attributes of biomembranes, exerting a considerable influence on water molecules proximal to the membrane interface. In this study, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations on the bilayers of two lipid species, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and palmitoyl sphingomyelin; they are distinct with respect to the structures of the hydrogen-bond (H-bond) acceptors. Our investigation focuses on the dynamic properties and H-bonds of water molecules in the lipid-membrane systems, with a particular emphasis on the influence of Chol at varying temperatures. Notably, in the gel phase at 303 K, the presence of Chol extends the lifetimes of H-bonds of the oxygen atoms acting as H-bond acceptors within DPPC with water molecules by a factor of 1.5–2.5. In the liquid-crystalline phase at 323 K, on the other hand, H-bonding dynamics with lipid membranes remain largely unaffected by Chol. This observed shift in H-bonding states serves as a crucial key to unraveling the subtle control mechanisms governing water dynamics in lipid-membrane systems.
Effect of pressure on microstructure and properties of Ti–Al coating on titanium alloy surface
Authors: Wei Xu , Yong Li , Jingfei Bai , Hu Du , Qing Su , RuTao Xu , Hong Liu , Dan Yu 
Published: July 2024

The effect of pressure on the microstructure and properties of Ti–Al coating on titanium alloy surface is studied. Ti–Al coating is prepared on the surface of titanium alloy by pressure-assisted high-temperature thermal diffusion. The manufacturing method is simple and easy to operate. The microstructure and element distribution of the coating are analyzed under different processes, and the composition of the coating is tested. The test results show that the substrate alloy and the coating alloy are not connected when the coating is diffused at 650 °C. The coating diffused at 750 °C without pressure is mostly connected to the substrate, but there are microscopic gaps in some areas. The main components of the coating diffused at 750 °C under 80 Pa pressure are TiAl, Ti3Al, and other intermetallic compounds. The boundary between the substrate and the coating is flat, and there is no obvious micro gap, so the metallurgical connection is fundamentally realized. In addition, the maximum hardness can reach 334.9HV0.2. The thickness of the coating diffused at 750 °C under 160 Pa pressure was greatly reduced, showing a gradient form. The surface quality of the outer coating is poor, the structure density of the binding layer is also poor, and there are no obvious penetrating cracks. The bonding between the coating and the substrate is effectively enhanced by an auxiliary action under certain pressure, and then the microstructure and properties of the coating are improved.
Subtle dynamics of the chaotic torsion pendulum: a detailed comparison between experiments and numerical simulations
Authors: Xie Guijin , Yan Zixiang , Gao Jian , Yang Hujiang , Lan Yueheng , Xiao Jinghua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We conduct a detailed experimental and numerical study on the subtle dynamics of the chaotic torsion pendulum (CTP). We first present experimental observations reported by students, and then propose a revised model of CTP based on laws of mechanics and insights about the experiment to understand these observations. Parameters of the revised model are fit using experimental data. The revised model agrees well with experimental observations. The subtle dynamics hidden in these phenomena, from the parameter sensibility to the influences of bisability, are thoroughly exhibited throughout this study, which we hope provides more insight into the nonlinear nature of CTP.
Evolution of level population in Ar interacting with XFEL pulses: impact of resonant absorptions
Authors: Yan Jie , Yan Guanpeng , Jin Fengtao , Li Yongjun , Gao Cheng , Zeng Jiaolong , Yuan Jianmin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Theoretical exploration of the population dynamics at fine-structure levels of Ar atoms interacting with ultrafast ultraintense x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) pulses is conducted. A time-dependent rate equation based on a detailed-level accounting approach is applied for tracking population levels, encompassing microscopic atomic processes such as photoexcitation, radiative decay, photoionization and Auger decay. A Monte Carlo algorithm is implemented to solve large-scale rate equations efficiently. The primary investigation centers on generating Ar17+ through resonant absorption by the second-harmonic radiation of the x-ray pulse. The calculated population ratios of Ar17+ to Ar16+ align well with the experimental measurements (LaForge et al 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett.
127 213202). In comparison to the transition energy of the strongest line,

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of Ar16+, there is a distinct ∼25 eV red shift in the peak ratio, which is attributed to the presence of intricate resonant channels in the lower ionization stages. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of the population ratio Ar17+/Ar16+ to the laser pulse parameters such as x-ray pulse duration, bandwidth and the contribution of second-harmonic radiation, indicating their potential as diagnostic tools in future experiments.
Magnetization dynamics in quasiperiodic magnonic crystals
Authors: Mehta Riya , Rana Bivas , Saha Susmita 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Quasiperiodic magnonic crystals, in contrast to their periodic counterparts, lack strict periodicity which gives rise to complex and localised spin wave spectra characterized by numerous band gaps and fractal features. Despite their intrinsic structural complexity, quasiperiodic nature of these magnonic crystals enables better tunability of spin wave spectra over their periodic counterparts and therefore holds promise for the applications in reprogrammable magnonic devices. In this article, we provide an overview of magnetization reversal and precessional magnetization dynamics studied so far in various quasiperiodic magnonic crystals, illustrating how their quasiperiodic nature gives rise to tailored band structure, enabling unparalleled control over spin waves. The review is concluded by highlighting the possible potential applications of these quasiperiodic magnonic crystals, exploring potential avenues for future exploration followed by a brief summary.
Data driven surrogate signal extraction for dynamic PET using selective PCA: time windows versus the combination of components
Authors: Whitehead Alexander C , Su Kuan-Hao , Emond Elise C , Biguri Ander , Brusaferri Ludovica , Machado Maria , Porter Joanna C , Garthwaite Helen , Wollenweber Scott D , McClelland Jamie R , Thielemans Kris 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. Respiratory motion correction is beneficial in positron emission tomography (PET), as it can reduce artefacts caused by motion and improve quantitative accuracy. Methods of motion correction are commonly based on a respiratory trace obtained through an external device (like the real time position management system) or a data driven method, such as those based on dimensionality reduction techniques (for instance principal component analysis (PCA)). PCA itself being a linear transformation to the axis of greatest variation. Data driven methods have the advantage of being non-invasive, and can be performed post-acquisition. However, their main downside being that they are adversely affected by the tracer kinetics of the dynamic PET acquisition. Therefore, they are mostly limited to static PET acquisitions. This work seeks to extend on existing PCA-based data-driven motion correction methods, to allow for their applicability to dynamic PET imaging. Approach. The methods explored in this work include; a moving window approach (similar to the Kinetic Respiratory Gating method from Schleyer et al (2014)), extrapolation of the principal component from later time points to earlier time points, and a method to score, select, and combine multiple respiratory components. The resulting respiratory traces were evaluated on 22 data sets from a dynamic [18F]-FDG study on patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This was achieved by calculating their correlation with a surrogate signal acquired using a real time position management system. Main results. The results indicate that all methods produce better surrogate signals than when applying conventional PCA to dynamic data (for instance, a higher correlation with a gold standard respiratory trace). Extrapolating a late time point principal component produced more promising results than using a moving window. Scoring, selecting, and combining components held benefits over all other methods. Significance. This work allows for the extraction of a surrogate signal from dynamic PET data earlier in the acquisition and with a greater accuracy than previous work. This potentially allows for numerous other methods (for instance, respiratory motion correction) to be applied to this data (when they otherwise could not be previously used).