bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining heterogeneity in the affect‐regulating function of suicidal ideation: Person‐specific analyses in male inpatients with depression
Authors: Hallensleben Nina , Kraiss Jannis , Glaesmer Heide , Forkmann Thomas , Spangenberg Lena 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionMen have an increased risk to die by suicide compared to women but are underrepresented in suicide research. To improve individual risk prediction for suicide‐related thoughts and behaviors (STBs), risk factors are increasingly being studied at an individual level. The possible affect‐regulatory function of suicidal ideation has hardly been investigated ideographically and has not yet been tested in a male sample.MethodsWe investigated the bidirectional associations between suicidal ideation and negative and positive affect in a sample of n = 21 male inpatients with unipolar depression and a history of suicidal ideation both at the group level and at the individual level. Participants underwent an intensive ecological momentary assessment for 6 days with 10 data points per day.ResultsWe found no evidence for an affect‐regulatory function of suicidal ideation at the group level, neither for effects of affect on subsequent suicidal ideation (antecedent affect‐regulatory hypothesis) nor for effects of suicidal ideation on subsequent affect (consequence affect‐regulatory hypothesis). Person‐specific analyses revealed substantial variability in strength and direction of the considered associations, especially for the associations representing the antecedent hypothesis.ConclusionThe demonstrated between‐person heterogeneity points to the necessity to individualize the investigation of risk factors to enhance prediction and prevention of STBs.
Hidradenitis suppurativa and cardiovascular diseases: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhou Ping , Jiang Xin , Wang Dan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrior investigation has indicated a link between Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), yet the causal relationship (CR) between these conditions remains unresolved.MethodsThis investigation utilized bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine the CR between HS and CVDs. Genetic instruments for both conditions were sourced from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). The GWAS summary data for CVD comprised coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), coronary atherosclerosis (CA), ischemic stroke (IS), and chronic heart failure (CHF). Four new approaches were added to the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method for the main analysis: weighted median, weighted MR‐Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode. The validity of the causal conclusions was verified by sensitivity tests that included leave‐one‐out analysis, heterogeneity, and pleiotropy.ResultsHS and CAD (OR = 1.024; 95%CI: 1.002–1.046, P = 0.033), MI (OR = 1.001; 95%CI: 1.000–1.002, P = 0.033), and CA (OR = 1.001; 95%CI: 1.000–1.002, P = 0.022) were identified to have a positive CR, according to the IVW analysis. Conversely, no significant association was identified between HS and either IS or CHF. Furthermore, the bidirectional analysis indicated no reverse causation between these diseases.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest a potential CR between HS and CAD, MI, and CA. Additional research is warranted to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying these associations.
Testing sociolinguistic theory and methods in world Englishes
Authors: Sharma Devyani 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article assesses mainstream sociolinguistic theory and methods in the context of world Englishes. Despite its obvious applicability, sociolinguistic theory has not always been the primary analytic model for world Englishes. The multilingual and sometimes mobile circumstances of world Englishes contexts do not always fit the usual definition of a Labovian speech community. This article extends classic sociolinguistic theory and method to studies of Outer Circle English situations to test their validity and scope. Predictions for class, gender, age, peer effects and identity are assessed, all initially developed in monolingual urban Western contexts. Methodological constructs such as apparent time, the sociolinguistics interview and social network metrics are also critically evaluated. The discussion shows that, although these new contexts challenge claims of universality, they often also uphold the original insights. A falsifiable theory of sociolinguistic variation and associated methods remain crucial for a principled understanding of variation and change in world Englishes.
Trend analysis and prediction of injury incidence in China from 1990 to 2019 based on Bayesian age–period–cohort model
Authors: Meng Yuanjie , Wang Chaocai , Liu Yan 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundInjury is a major challenge to global public health. Analysing the trend of injury incidence in China from 1990 to 2019 and predicting future trends in incidence can provide a theoretical basis for injury prevention and control in China.MethodsWe collected age-standardised incidence rates of injuries in China from 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. We analysed trends using joinpoint regression and age–period–cohort models. A prediction study was conducted using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, there was an increasing trend in transport injuries, a decreasing trend in unintentional injuries and a decreasing trend in self-harm and interpersonal violence. The high-risk age for transport injuries, unintentional injuries and self-harm and interpersonal violence were 20–69 years (relative risk (RR)>1), ≤14 and ≥80 years (RR>1) and 20–24 years (RR=2.311, 95% CI 2.296 to 2.326), respectively. Projections indicate that by 2030, the incidence of transport and unintentional injuries will increase, whereas the incidence of self-harm and interpersonal violence will decrease.ConclusionThe age group with the highest risk of transport injuries, unintentional injuries and self-harm and interpersonal violence were the 20–69 years, ≤ 14 and ≥80 years and 20–24 years age groups, respectively. Transport injuries and unintentional injuries will increase in 2020–2030, while self-harm and interpersonal violence will decrease. These can serve as a basis for developing measures to prevent and manage the impact of injuries.
Electrophoretic Deposition and Characterization of Curcumin/Chitosan Coatings
Authors: Karpiński Robert , Błoniarz Aleksandra , Moskalewicz Tomasz 
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study was to investigate the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) route, microstructure and surface properties of composite curcumin/chitosan coatings on commercially pure titanium substrates for biomedical applications. Multiple routes of preparation of the dispersed systems for the EPD process and their electrokinetic properties have been investigated to obtain homogeneous coatings. The zeta potential of solutions with various curcumin content in ethanol or isopropanol proved their relatively low electrophoretic mobility. Thus, curcumin was co-deposited with chitosan molecules on the cathode. The surface morphology of the coatings consisted of submicrometric curcumin particles embedded in the chitosan matrix. The increase in the curcumin content in the ethanol caused large agglomerates and undissolved curcumin particles to appear on the coating surface. The coatings were characterized by high adhesion to the substrate and a water contact angle in the range of 85° to 95°. The coatings changed the zeta potential of the titanium surface from significantly negative (−46.7 ± 2.3 mV) to less negative values (−20.6 ± 2.6 mV). The developed coatings are promising for mitigating biofilm formation on the surface of titanium bone implants.
Exploring Disparities in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Outcomes among Asian and Pacific Islander Subgroups
Authors: Wu Christopher , McLeod M. Chandler , Song Zhixing , Chen Herbert , Rose John Bart , Bhatia Smita , Gillis Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a challenging malignancy with known disparities in outcomes across ethnicities. Studies specifically investigating PDAC in Asian populations are sparse, overlooking the rich diversity within this group. This research seeks to fill that gap by examining survival differences across the broad spectrum of Asian ethnicities, acknowledging the complexity and varied experiences within these communities. Utilizing the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2019, we categorized patients into East Asian, Southeast Asian, South Asian, and Pacific Islander groups. Non-Asians or Pacific Islanders were excluded. Overall survival was analyzed using a Cox hazards model. The study consisted of 13,254 patients. Most patients were East Asian (59.4%, n = 7,866). Southeast Asians exhibited the poorest survival in unadjusted analysis (HR, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.23–1.42; P &lt; 0.001) compared with South Asians who exhibited the best survival. Multivariable analysis revealed significantly worse survival for East Asians and Pacific Islanders relative to South Asians, whereas Southeast Asians’ results were not significantly different. Asian subgroup differences notably affect PDAC outcomes. Research on genetic and cultural aspects, especially in Southeast Asians, and tackling health disparities are crucial for enhancing survival in this diverse disease.

Significance:
This study highlights the significant survival disparities among Asian subgroups with pancreatic cancer, utilizing a large national database. By differentiating among East Asian, Southeast Asian, South Asian, and Pacific Islander groups, it underscores the need for tailored research and healthcare approaches. Addressing these differences is essential for developing culturally sensitive interventions and potentially improving outcomes in a disease that uniquely affects these diverse populations.
Estimating the Impact of Hospital-Level Variation on the Use of Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities Versus Skilled Nursing Facilities on Individual Patients With Stroke
Authors: Simmonds Kent P. , Burke James , Kozlowski Alan , Andary Michael , Luo Zhehui , Reeves Mathew J. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
There is substantial hospital-level variation in the use of Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities (IRFs) versus Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs) among patients with stroke, which is poorly understood. Our objective was to quantify the net effect of the admitting hospital on the probability of receiving IRF or SNF care for individual patients with stroke.

METHODS:
Using Medicare claims data (2011–2013), a cohort of patients with acute stroke discharged to an IRF or SNF was identified. We generated 2 multivariable logistic regression models. Model 1 predicted IRF admission (versus SNF) using only patient-level factors, whereas model 2 added a hospital random effect term to quantify the hospital effect. The statistical significance and direction of the random effect terms were used to categorize hospitals as being either IRF-favoring, SNF-favoring, or neutral with respect to their discharge patterns. The hospital’s impact on individual patient’s probability of IRF discharge was estimated by taking the change in individual predicted probabilities (change in individual predicted probability) between the 2 models. Hospital-level effects were categorized as small (<10%), moderate (10%–19%), or large (≥20%) depending on change in individual predicted probability.

RESULTS:
The cohort included 135 415 patients (average age, 81.5 [SD=8.0] years, 61% female, 91% ischemic stroke) who were discharged from 1816 acute care hospitals to IRFs (n=66 548) or SNFs (n=68 867). Half of hospitals were classified as being either IRF-favoring (n=461, 25.4%) or SNF-favoring (n=485, 26.7%) with the remainder (n=870, 47.9%) considered neutral. Overall, just over half (n=73 428) of patients were treated at hospitals that had moderate or large independent effects on discharge settings. Hospital effects for neutral hospitals were small (ie, change in individual predicted probability <10%) for most patients (72.5%). However, hospital effects were moderate or large for 78.8% and 84.6% of patients treated at IRF- or SNF-favoring hospitals, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
For most patients with stroke, the admitting hospital meaningfully changed the type of rehabilitation care that they received.
Sex Differences in Profile and In‐Hospital Death for Acute Stroke in Chile: Data From a Nationwide Hospital Registry
Authors: Nuñez Marilaura , Allende Ma.Ignacia , González Francisca , Cavada Gabriel , Anderson Craig S. , Muñoz Venturelli Paula 
Published: July 2024

Background
Knowledge of local contextual sex differences in the profile and outcome for stroke can improve service delivery. We aimed to determine sex differences in the profile of patients with acute stroke and their associations with in‐hospital death in the national hospital database of Chile.

Methods and Results

We present a retrospective cohort based on the analysis of the 2019 Chilean database of Diagnosis‐Related Groups, which represents 70% of the operational expenditure of the public health system. Random‐effects multiple logistic regression models were used to determine independent associations of acute stroke (defined by main diagnosis
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
[
ICD‐10
] codes) and in‐hospital death, and reported with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Of 1 048 575 hospital discharges, 15 535 were for patients with acute stroke (7074 [45.5%] in women), and 2438 (15.6%) of them died during hospitalization. Differences by sex in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were identified for stroke and main subtypes. After fully adjusted model, women with ischemic stroke had lower in‐hospital death (OR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.69–0.91]) compared with men; other independent predictors included age per year increase (OR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.03–1.04]), chronic kidney disease (OR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.20–1.80]), atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.26–1.80]), and other risk factors. Conversely, for intracerebral hemorrhage, women had a higher in‐hospital mortality rate than men (OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.02–1.40]); other independent predictors included age per year increase (OR, 1.009 [95% CI, 1.003–1.01]), chronic kidney disease (OR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.23–1.97]), oral anticoagulant use (OR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.37–2.58]), and other risk factors.

Conclusions
Sex differences in characteristics and in‐hospital death of hospitalized patients exist for acute stroke in Chile. In‐hospital death is higher for acute ischemic stroke in men and higher for intracerebral hemorrhage in women. Future research is needed to better identify contributing factors.
Frataxin Loss Promotes Angiotensin II–Induced Endothelial‐to‐Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Guo Yuetong , Cheng Xingyi , Huang Chenglin , Gao Jing , Shen Weili 
Published: July 2024

Background
The metabolic flexibility of endothelial cells is linked to their phenotypic plasticity. Frataxin is critical in determining the iron metabolism and fate of endothelial cells. This study aimed to investigate frataxin‐mediated metabolic remodeling during the endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndoMT).

Methods and Results
Endothelial cell‐specific frataxin knockout and frataxin mutation mice were subjected to angiotensin II to induce hypertension. EndoMT and cardiac fibrosis were assessed using histological and protein expression analyses. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in microvascular endothelial cells was measured using a Seahorse XF96 analyzer. We showed that inhibition of FAO accompanies angiotensin II‐induced EndoMT. Frataxin knockout mice promote EndoMT, associated with increased cardiac fibrosis following angiotensin II infusion. Angiotensin II reduces frataxin expression, which leads to mitochondrial iron overload and subsequent carbonylation of sirtuin 3. In turn, carbonylated sirtuin 3 contributes to the acetylated frataxin at lysine 189, making it more prone to degradation. The frataxin/sirtuin 3 feedback loop reduces hydroxyl‐CoA dehydrogenase α subunit–mediated FAO. Additionally, silymarin is a scavenger of free radicals, restoring angiotensin II–induced reduction of FAO activity and sirtuin 3 and frataxin expression, improving EndoMT both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, frataxin mutation mice showed suppressed EndoMT and improved cardiac fibrosis.

Conclusions
The frataxin/sirtuin 3 feedback loop has the potential to attenuate angiotensin II–induced EndoMT by improving FAO.
Beat‐to‐Beat Blood Pressure Variability Within 24 Hours of Ischemic Stroke Onset: A Potential Predictor of Functional Prognosis
Authors: Ren Jia‐Xin , Qu Yang , Gao Yi , Ma Hong‐Yin , Zhang Peng , Guo Zhen‐Ni , Yang Yi 
Published: July 2024

Background
Beat‐to‐beat blood pressure variability (BPV) is based on each heartbeat and represents a dynamic equilibrium process modulated by artery and cardiac involvement of pressure‐receptive reflexes. To date, there remains a lack of prospective studies illustrating the clinical value of beat‐to‐beat BPV within 24 hours of acute ischemic stroke onset.

Methods and Results

This study prospectively monitored beat‐to‐beat blood pressure and heart rate in patients with acute ischemic stroke within 24 hours of onset using a noninvasive plethysmograph and calculated beat‐to‐beat BPV, heart rate variability, and the cross‐correlation baroreflex sensitivity. A modified Rankin Scale score of ≥2 at 90 days was defined as an unfavorable prognosis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed, and the nomogram model was developed by adding the beat‐to‐beat BPV to the traditional model for predicting prognosis. Beat‐to‐beat BPV increased significantly in the unfavorable outcome group (
P
<0.05) compared with that in the favorable outcome group, whereas no difference was observed in beat‐to‐beat heart rate variability and cross‐correlation baroreflex sensitivity between both groups (
P
>0.05). Furthermore, beat‐to‐beat BPV within 24 hours of acute ischemic stroke onset was independently associated with unfavorable outcome at 90 days (
P
<0.005). The addition of beat‐to‐beat BPV to the traditional model for predicting prognosis enhanced the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve from 0.816 to 0.830.

Conclusions
Increased beat‐to‐beat BPV within 24 hours of acute ischemic stroke onset was independently associated with a poor prognosis at 90 days and may be a potential predictor for discriminating unfavorable prognosis.
Dynamic insulation technology in buildings subject to intermittent heating and cooling, Part A: Iraqi case
Authors: Hosseinalipour S. M. , Al-Taee Ammar A. Hussain , Asiaei Sasan 
Published: July 2024

In harsh climates like Iraq, characterized by extreme temperatures and energy shortages, dynamic insulation technology holds great potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and enhance thermal comfort. Dynamic insulation technology reduces building energy consumption by adjusting thermal conductivity based on climate changes. This article reviews existing literature and numerically evaluates the effectiveness of dynamic insulation technology in buildings subject to harsh climates, specifically focusing on the case of Iraq. The first part of our articles aims to provide a comprehensive overview of dynamic insulation technology and its potential effectiveness in Iraqi structures subject to intermittent heating and cooling. The collected data guides the design and implementation of future studies and experiments. The study predicts the dynamic insulation performance of an office in Baghdad compared to conventional insulation, considering factors such as lighting, number of residents, equipment, and solar gains. The results indicate that applying dynamic insulation techniques in Iraqi buildings can reduce energy consumption by 28% during the heating season and 11% during the cooling season. Implementing this technology can make a significant contribution towards creating a more sustainable and comfortable environment in harsh climates, examined in Iraqi buildings, as a model case. Practical Applications: The study contributes to the evaluation of dynamic insulation technology in Iraqi buildings. Focusing on Iraq's harsh climate provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of this technology. Scientifically based recommendations guide the design of buildings in such environments. In addition, the study investigates the performance of intermittent cooling and heating, ensuring practicality. Overall, it enables professionals to create sustainable and efficient built environments in Iraq.
Managerial ethical principles and behaviours for nurse managers: A Delphi method
Authors: Ayan Güzin , Baykal Ülkü 
Published: July 2024

Background Managerial ethical principles and behaviours guide the roles, duties, responsibilities, behaviours, and relationships of nurse managers in healthcare institutions. Research objectives The aim of this study was to establish the managerial ethical principles and behaviours for nurse managers. Research question What are the managerial ethical principles and behaviours for nurse managers? Research design The Delphi method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in this study. The Delphi process consisted of two rounds. Data were collected by e-Delphi technique. Participations 42 experts were included in the first Delphi round and 39 in the second Delphi round. These experts consisted of nurse managers, academicians studying in the field of ethics and nursing management. Ethical considerations Participation in the study was voluntary and informed consent of the experts was obtained before the study. Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the university at which the researcher worked (Approval date: 24.07.2020, Decision No: 2020/12-16). Findings At the end of the Delphi rounds, eight managerial ethical principles and 29 ethical behaviours of these principles were identified. The distribution of these behaviours and principles were: justice (six behaviours), equality (two behaviours), honesty (two behaviours), fairness (two behaviours), responsibility (eight behaviours), confidentiality (two behaviours), clarity (two behaviours), and humanity (five behaviours). Conclusion These managerial ethical principles and behaviours are intended to guide nurse managers when providing nursing services but should be updated accordingly in line with changing conditions and developments.