bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Cenozoic Tectonic Activity of the Śnieżnik Massif Area (Sudetes, Sw Poland)in the Light of Lidar Dem Morphometric Analysis
Authors: Sobczyk Artur , Kasprzak Marek 
Published: April 2015

AbstractŚnieżnik Massif represents a prominent morphological feature in the East Sudetes, which is bounded by a system of faults controlling its differential uplift. Vertical movements originated at least during the Oligocene times, with culmination phase in Pliocene times, whereas estimated total uplift was in the range of 500-1000 meters. This study presents a qualitative (geomorphometric) and quantitative (morphotectonic) approach that combines Late Cenozoic tectonic uplift model with landscape evolution theories. Application of basin asymmetry factor (AF) and hypsometric integral (Hi) analyses allowed recognizing a NW trending tilted fault blocks. They originated as a result of Palaeogene planation surface braking and differential uplift. Uplift and later fault-block tilting in the Śnieżnik Massif morphotectonic unit, were generally realized along NE-SW striking Wilkanow fault to the west and WNW-ESE striking southern fault zone, as expressed here e.g. by Potoczek-Branna, Herˇmranice and Pisary faults.
Poblaciones de Copernicia tectorum (Arecaceae) en las tierras bajas del Caribe de Colombia: una palma pionera expuesta a la dinámica de un río
Authors: Torres Claudia , Galeano Gloria , Bernal Rodrigo 
Published: April 2015

<p><em>Copernicia tectorum</em> is a palm that grows in large populations on seasonally flooded savannas in the Caribbean region of Colombia, where its stems and expanded leaves are used in construction, and its unexpanded leaves are used to make handicrafts. We studied abundance and population structure in 34 plots of 20×10m (0.68 ha) of three localities (Plato, Córdoba and Magangué) at the Mompox Depression, an inner delta formed by the confluence of four large rivers. We recorded growth and mortality of 164 palms of different size classes over 13 months, and additionally we estimated seedling and juvenile mortality in two 10x10m plots within the same sites. Data analysis using Kolgomorov-Smirnov (KS), Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were made on Statgraphics Plus and SPSS.<em> </em>We related the structure and dynamics of the palm stands to flood intensity. <em>Copernicia tectorum </em>has the fastest leaf production rate recorded for any palm (19-23 leaves/year in subadults and adults), and a short life span of ca. 46 years. The abundance, density and high leaf production rate of this palm offers a great potential for the sustainable use of its unexpanded leaves (especially at Plato, where there are ca. 480ha of palm stands with 300-1 000 individuals/ha), as leaf harvest from subadult and adult individuals does not appear to affect population structure. The palm is a pioneer of the flood plain, and the palm stands at particular sites appear to wax and wane following sedimentation dynamics, in which the species plays in important role. Current population structure and the scarce recruitment of juveniles at the study site suggest that the population is waning in that site. Management actions should be taken to reestablish natural river dynamics at the lagoon complex where the palm grows. Appropriate management of palm stands may contribute to minimize any negative effects of river dynamics.</p><p> </p>
Low, T. 2014. Where Song Began: Australia’s birds and how they changed the world. Melbourne, Australia: Viking
Authors: Monge-Nájera Julián 
Published: April 2015

<p> In Where Song Began , Tim Low tells us</p><p>that he decided to write the book because of</p><p>one opposite of song: silence ; the silence of</p><p>the ornithological community about the recent</p><p>revolution in our understanding of birds.</p><p>For most of the Twentieth Century, it was</p><p>believed that birds originated in Europe. There</p><p>was good reason for this: the oldest known bird,</p><p>which looked much like a dinosaur, is Archaeopteryx</p><p>lithographica , described by Meyer in</p><p>1861. It lived in Germany during the Jurassic,</p><p>150 million years ago and no older, uncontestable</p><p>bird fossils have ever been found.</p>
Light Emitting Diodes in the Experimental Practice for the Characterization of Novel Photovoltaics
Authors: Pravettoni Mauro , Manni Loris , Dittmann Sebastian 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTLight Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have recently gained importance in the experimental practice of photovoltaic (PV) devices. LEDs have already been proposed as the alternative to conventional xenon or halogen based solar simulators. Multi-junction PV devices use coloured LEDs in experimental tools as well: LEDs can transform a conventional solar simulator in a spectrally adjustable simulator for spectral characterization of multi-junction modules. Other useful applications include evaluating the dependence of the electrical parameters on the average photon energy and spectral responsivity measurements of multi-junction PV devices.
Effects of Thermal Treatment on the Co-rolled U-Mo Fuel Foils
Authors: Jue Jan-Fong , Keiser Dennis D. , Trowbridge Tammy L. , Breckenridge Cynthia R. , Mackowiak Brady L. , Moore Glenn A. , Rabin Barry H. , Meyer Mitchell K. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA monolithic fuel design based on U–Mo alloy has been selected as the fuel type for conversion of United States’ high-performance research reactors (USHPRRs) from highly enriched uranium (HEU) to low-enriched uranium (LEU). In this fuel design, a thin layer of zirconium is used to eliminate the direct interaction between the U–Mo fuel meat and the aluminum-alloy cladding during irradiation. The co-rolling process used to bond the Zr barrier layer to the U–Mo foil during fabrication alters the microstructure of both the U–10Mo fuel meat and the U–Mo/Zr interface. This work studied the effects of post-rolling annealing treatment on the microstructure of the co-rolled U–Mo fuel meat and the U–Mo/Zr interaction layer. The U–Mo/Zr interaction-layer thickness increased with the annealing temperature with an Arrhenius constant for growth of 184kJ/mole, consistent with a previous diffusion-couple study. The phases in the U–Mo/Zr interaction layer produced by co-rolling, however, differ from those reported in the previous diffusion-couple study.
Release of 108Ag from Irradiated PWR Control Rod Absorbers under Deep Repository Conditions
Authors: Roth O. , Granfors M. , Puranen A. , Spahiu K. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn a future Swedish deep repository for spent nuclear fuel, irradiated control rods from PWR nuclear reactors are planned to be stored together with the spent fuel. The control rod absorber consists of an 80% Ag, 5% Cd, 15% In alloy with a steel cladding. Upon in-reactor irradiation 108Ag is produced by neutron capture. Release of 108Ag has been identified as a potential source term for release of radioactive substances from the deep repository.Under reducing deep repository conditions, the Ag corrosion rate is however expected to be low which would imply that the release rate of 108Ag should be low under these conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate the dissolution of PWR control rod absorber material under conditions relevant to a future deep repository for spent nuclear fuel. The experiments include tests using irradiated control rod absorber material from Ringhals 2, Sweden. Furthermore, un-irradiated control rod absorber alloy has been tested for comparison. The experiments indicate that the release of Ag from the alloy when exposed to water is strongly dependent on the redox conditions. Under aerated conditions Ag is released at a significant rate whereas no release could be measured after 133 days during leaching under H2.
Superstructures from lead sulfide quantum dots
Authors: Ushakova Elena V. , Golubkov Valery V. , Litvin Aleksandr P. , Parfenov Peter S. , Cherevkov Sergei A. , Fedorov Anatoly V. , Baranov Alexander V. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe superstructures of different morphology (superlattices and supercrystals) are obtained by self-organization of lead sulfide quantum dots (QDs) on a substrate. In contrast to the SAXS patterns of isolated QDs in solutions, the X-ray intensity from ordered superstructures is modulated by the interference from the QDs in SLs or SCs leading to occurrence of the intense peaks at small scattering angles. By indexing the peaks in the SAXS patterns it is concluded that QD SLs are close-packed QD ensembles with the lattice parameter close to the dot diameter and QD SCs have primitive orthorhombic crystal lattice. Absorption and photoluminescence bands of superstructures are also analyzed.
Influence of modification on descriptions of low-carbon steel of St1kp and wheeled KP-T
Authors: Polishko S. , Kushnir M. , Tatarko J. , Sanin A. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose. Establishment of influence of modification on chemical composition stabilizing, improvements of morphology and location of nonmetallics and increase of stability and level of mechanical properties of steels St1kp and KП-Т. Methodology. For the performance of the given goal the modern methods of researches are used: chemical and spectral; electron microscopy; metallography; determination of mechanical properties. Chemical composition of steels was determined on DSTU 2651-2006 and specifications U 35.2-23365425-600:2006. Findings. Influence of multifunction modifiers were set on chemical composition, forming of nonmetallics and mechanical properties in low-carbon steel of St1kp and wheeled KP-T. It is proved that multifunction modifiers diminish the amount of nonmetallics and improve their morphology, facilitate chemical composition stabilization and increase of mechanical properties level of probed steels. Originality. Possibility of chemical composition stabilization and mechanical properties, changes morphology of nonmetallics due to volume crystallization at modification were first proved. Practical value. Use of modifiers of different compositions at the enterprises of JSCo «ArselorMittal Krivoi Rog» and JSCo «INTERPAYP NTZ» at smelting of steels St1kp and KП-T allowed to promote mechanical descriptions, especially shock viscidity of the prepared wheels from steel KП-T at the average on 14 %. Two new modifiers of multifunction action for treatment low-carbon and wheeled steels were developed, the novelty of which was confirmed by the patents ofUkraine № 85254 and № 93684.
Mathematical modeling of AC electric point motor
Authors: Buryak S. YU. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose. In order to ensure reliability, security, and the most important the continuity of the transportation process, it is necessary to develop, implement, and then improve the automated methods of diagnostic mechanisms, devices and rail transport systems. Only systems that operate in real time mode and transmit data on the instantaneous state of the control objects can timely detect any faults and thus provide additional time for their correction by railway employees. Turnouts are one of the most important and responsible components, and therefore require the development and implementation of such diagnostics system.Methodology. Achieving the goal of monitoring and control of railway automation objects in real time is possible only with the use of an automated process of the objects state diagnosing. For this we need to know the diagnostic features of a control object, which determine its state at any given time. The most rational way of remote diagnostics is the shape and current spectrum analysis that flows in the power circuits of railway automatics. Turnouts include electric motors, which are powered by electric circuits, and the shape of the current curve depends on both the condition of the electric motor, and the conditions of the turnout maintenance. Findings. For the research and analysis of AC electric point motor it was developed its mathematical model. The calculation of parameters and interdependencies between the main factors affecting the operation of the asynchronous machine was conducted. The results of the model operation in the form of time dependences of the waveform curves of current on the load on engine shaft were obtained. Originality. During simulation the model of AC electric point motor, which satisfies the conditions of adequacy was built. Practical value. On the basis of the constructed model we can study the AC motor in various mode of operation, record and analyze current curve, as a response to various changes of the load on engine shaft.
Globally important agricultural heritage systems (giahs) of china: the challenge of complexity in research
Authors: Fuller Anthony M. , Min Qingwen , Jiao Wenjun , Bai Yanying 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The challenge of researching Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) as complex systems forms the subject matter of this study. Complex adaptive systems are those that combine natural ecological processes with human interactions to produce a mutually supportive agro‐ecological system. In China, these highly varied systems have the added dimension of long historical time, in that they have evolved over many centuries and thus add a historical dimension to the natural and human dimensions of complexity. In preparing research on GIAHS, it is clear that seeing GIAHS sites as whole systems is an essential starting and ending point. Examining the adaptive capacity of a GIAHS with its multiple scales and complex interdependencies is a major challenge for researchers accustomed to specialized disciplinary thinking. A GIAHS represents a mature agro‐ecological system with human agency as a central component that has been honed over many centuries, and has already adapted to many perturbations and changes. The beauty of the GIAHS is in the integration of custom, knowledge, and practice, and it should be studied for its “wholeness” as well as for its resilience and capacity for “self organization.” The agro‐ecological approach opens the possibility of researching a system as a whole and of taking its complexity seriously. This study reviews the essential features of the GIAHS as a complex adaptive system where uncertainty is normal and surprise is welcome and, in a case study of Qingtian rice–fish culture system, focuses on new perturbations, namely loss of young people and the introduction of tourism.
Guide to a Waulsortian Buildup
Authors: Kirkby Kent C. , Hunt Dave , Toni Simo J. A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Muleshoe Mound is a composite Waulsortian buildup that forms a distinctive promontory along the western escarpment of the Sacramento Mountains (New Mexico, U.S.A.). Excellent exposures allow detailed study of the mound's fades, paleontology, geometry, internal architecture, and off mound stratal relationships. Recent work suggests that many Waulsortian mounds may have originated and grown in more agitated, shallower water environments than previously thought. The previously 'enigmatic' character of these Lower Carboniferous buildups may largely be due to differences in basin stratification, oxygen and possibly nutrient levels.
Muleshoe Mound can be separated into at least five distinct stratal packages or 'growth phases'. Successive growth phases differ in fades, geometry, and symmetry, reflecting different environmental conditions (energy, carbonate production, oxygenation and accommodation space). Intervening surfaces represent periods of hiatus and erosion. The architecture of this mound growth phase pattern strongly suggests that accommodation space was a critical control on mound growth.
Field study, serial slabbing, and petrographic examination of the mound facies indicate that Muleshoe grew in appreciable currents and intermittent high energy. Much of the micrite in the buildup originated as a microbial precipitation within an organic (algal?) host, rather than as depositional carbonate mud. This process of microbial precipitation, combined with extensive marine cementation, built the mounds' depositional relief and created a relatively rigid growth framework.
These features appear to conflict with the common interpretation of Waulsortian mounds as deep, quiet water buildups and Muleshoe may have formed in depths and energy conditions not dissimilar to many modern reefs. These features are not unique to Muleshoe, but occur in many Waulsortian mound suites. Differences between these ancient buildups and modern reefs suggest the modern ocean is an imperfect model for Early Carboniferous seas.
Multigeneration Index in the Within‐Progenies Bulk Method for Breeding of Self‐pollinated Plants
Authors: de Resende Marcos D.V. , Ramalho Magno A.P. , Guilherme Scheila R. , de F.B. Abreu Ângela 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis study proposes a strategy for improving the bulk method within progenies in self‐pollinated plants. The proposal focuses on the use of a multigeneration index, which considers the whole information across generations and the covariance among successive generations with a view toward identification of the best progenies. The results of the simulation and analysis of field data from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were concordant and showed that the estimates of the accuracies were near 85% using the multigeneration index and 70% for the traditional methodology based on comparisons among progeny means of the generation F3:6 or of the last generation evaluated. Another advantage of the index is mitigation of the effect of the genotype × environment interaction, because it considers all the generations of assessment, thus involving interaction of the progenies with the sowing times. When selection is performed using only the information from the last generation assessed, performance of the progenies is inflated by this interaction. The efficiency of the strategy proposed leads to a 12% gain in relation to that which is normally used. This gain is considerable and equivalent in most cases to that which would be obtained through one additional selection cycle. It should be highlighted that this increase is obtained without any additional cost on experimentation, but simply through changing the procedure of identification of the best progenies after successive generations.
A Multi-Zone Model of the Combustion Process in an Si Engine as an External Cylinder of the Gt-Power Simulation Tool
Authors: Hvězda Jiří 
Published: April 2015

Shrnutí
Příspěvek představuje obecnou proceduru týkající se implementace uživatelského modelu jako externího válce simulačního nástroje GT-Power.
Konkrétně, vyvinutý vícezónový model vysokotlaké části termodynamického cyklu čtyřdobého spalovacího motoru je zde použit jako přizpůsobený simulační kód pro zajištění výpočtů souvisejících s chemickou transformací spalování, přestupem tepla a odpovídajícími stavovými veličinami.
Jsou zde prezentovány vybrané technické podrobnosti a výsledky tohoto propojení
Lagrangian modelling of frazil ice in the ocean
Authors: Matsumura Yoshimasa , Ohshima Kay I. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA new modelling framework using Lagrangian particle tracking has been developed to assess dynamic and thermodynamic effects of underwater frazil ice. This frazil-ice model treats a Lagrangian particle as a bulk cluster of many frazil crystals, and calculates the thermodynamic growth of each particle and the corresponding budget of latent heat and fresh water. The effective density and viscosity of sea water depend on the mass fraction of underwater frazil ice, and hence affect ocean convection. An idealized experiment using our model successfully reproduces the formation of underwater frazil ice and its transition to grease ice at the surface. Because underwater frazil ice does not reduce the atmosphere/ocean heat exchange, surface heat flux and net sea-ice production in the experiment with frazil ice are relatively high compared with the experiment where surface cooling directly leads to columnar growth of a solid ice cover which effectively insulates the heat flux. These results suggest that large-scale sea-ice models which do not take account of the effects of frazil ice might underestimate atmosphere/ocean heat exchange, particularly at times of active new ice formation.
NUTRITIONALLY VARIANT STREPTOCOCCI BACTEREMIA IN CANCER PATIENTS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY, 1999-2014
Authors: Yacoub Abraham Tareq , Krishnan Jayasree , Acevedo Ileana M. , Halliday Joseph , Greene John Norman 
Published: April 2015

BackgoundNutritionally variant Streptococci (NVS), Abiotrophia and Granulicatella are implicated in causing endocarditis and blood stream infections more frequently than other sites of infection. Neutropenia and mucositis are the most common predisposing factors for infection with other pathogens in cancer patients. In this study we investigated the clinical characteristics of NVS bacteremia in cancer patients and identified risk factors and outcomes associated with these infections. Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all cases of NVS bacteremia occurring from June 1999 to April 2014 at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute. The computerized epidemiology report provided by the microbiology laboratory identified thirteen cancer patients with NVS bacteremia. We collected data regarding baseline demographics and clinical characteristics such as age, sex, underlying malignancy, neutropenic status, duration of neutropenia, treatment, and outcome.ResultsThirteen patients were identified with positive NVS blood stream infection. Ten patients (77%) had hematologic malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (1), multiple myeloma (MM) (1), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (4), and non Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) (4). The non-hematologic malignancies included esophageal cancer (2) and bladder cancer (1).ConclusionNVS should be considered as a possible agent of bacteremia in cancer patients with neutropenia and a breach in oral, gastrointestinal and genitourinary mucosa (gingivitis/mucositis).
Imaging in rectal cancer with emphasis on local staging with MRI
Authors: Arya Supreeta , Das Deepak , Engineer Reena , Saklani Avanish 
Published: April 2015

AbstractImaging in rectal cancer has a vital role in staging disease, and in selecting and optimizing treatment planning. High-resolution MRI (HR-MRI) is the recommended method of first choice for local staging of rectal cancer for both primary staging and for restaging after preoperative chemoradiation (CT-RT). HR-MRI helps decide between upfront surgery and preoperative CT-RT. It provides high accuracy for prediction of circumferential resection margin at surgery, T category, and nodal status in that order. MRI also helps assess resectability after preoperative CT-RT and decide between sphincter saving or more radical surgery. Accurate technique is crucial for obtaining high-resolution images in the appropriate planes for correct staging. The phased array external coil has replaced the endorectal coil that is no longer recommended. Non-fat suppressed 2D T2-weighted (T2W) sequences in orthogonal planes to the tumor are sufficient for primary staging. Contrast-enhanced MRI is considered inappropriate for both primary staging and restaging. Diffusion-weighted sequence may be of value in restaging. Multidetector CT cannot replace MRI in local staging, but has an important role for evaluating distant metastases. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) has a limited role in the initial staging of rectal cancer and is reserved for cases with resectable metastatic disease before contemplating surgery. This article briefly reviews the comprehensive role of imaging in rectal cancer, describes the role of MRI in local staging in detail, discusses the optimal MRI technique, and provides a synoptic report for both primary staging and restaging after CT-RT in routine practice.