bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomics and infectious disease: a call to identify the ethical, legal and social implications for public health and clinical practice
Authors: Geller Gail , Dvoskin Rachel , Thio Chloe L , Duggal Priya , Lewis Michelle H , Bailey Theodore C , Sutherland Andrea , Salmon Daniel A , Kahn Jeffrey P 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAdvances in genomics are contributing to the development of more effective, personalized approaches to the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Genetic sequencing technologies are furthering our understanding of how human and pathogen genomic factors - and their interactions - contribute to individual differences in immunologic responses to vaccines, infections and drug therapies. Such understanding will influence future policies and procedures for infectious disease management. With the potential for tailored interventions for particular individuals, populations or subpopulations, ethical, legal and social implications (ELSIs) may arise for public health and clinical practice. Potential considerations include balancing health-related benefits and harms between individuals and the larger community, minimizing threats to individual privacy and autonomy, and ensuring just distribution of scarce resources. In this Opinion, we consider the potential application of pathogen and host genomic information to particular viral infections that have large-scale public health consequences but differ in ELSI-relevant characteristics such as ease of transmission, chronicity, severity, preventability and treatability. We argue for the importance of anticipating these ELSI issues in advance of new scientific discoveries, and call for the development of strategies for identifying and exploring ethical questions that should be considered as clinical, public health and policy decisions are made.
Platelets induce a proinflammatory phenotype in monocytes via the CD147 pathway in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Rong Meng-yao , Wang Cong-hua , Wu Zhen-biao , Zeng Wen , Zheng Zhao-hui , Han Qing , Jia Jun-feng , Li Xue-yi , Zhu Ping 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Activated platelets exert a proinflammatory action that can be largely ascribed to their ability to interact with monocytes. However, the mechanisms that promote dynamic changes in monocyte subsets in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have not been clearly identified. The aim of this study was to determine whether platelet activation and the consequent formation of monocyte-platelet aggregates (MPA) might induce a proinflammatory phenotype in circulating monocytes in RA.

Methods
The surface phenotype of platelets and the frequencies of monocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of RA patients were determined using flow cytometry. Platelets were sorted and co-cultured with monocytes. In addition, monocyte activation was assessed by measuring the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. The disease activity was evaluated using the 28-joint disease activity score.

Results
Platelet activation, circulating intermediate monocytes (Mon2) and MPA formation were significantly elevated in RA, especially in those with active disease status. Furthermore, Mon2 monocytes showed higher CD147 expression and responded to direct cell contact with activated platelets with higher cytokine production and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) secretion, which increased the expression of CD147. After the addition of specific antibodies for CD147, those effects were abolished. Furthermore, the NF-κB-driven inflammatory pathway may be involved in this process.

Conclusions
These findings indicate an important role of platelet activation and the consequent formation of MPA in the generation of the proinflammatory cytokine milieu and for the promotion and maintenance of the pathogenically relevant Mon2 monocyte compartment in RA, which is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.
Potential role of the lectin pathway of complement in the pathogenesis and disease manifestations of systemic sclerosis: a case-control and cohort study
Authors: Osthoff Michael , Ngian Gene-Siew , Dean Melinda M , Nikpour Mandana , Stevens Wendy , Proudman Susanna , Eisen Damon P , Sahhar Joanne 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Repetitive episodes of ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) are a cardinal feature of the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc), which precedes tissue fibrosis. The complement system is a key mediator of tissue damage after I/R, primarily by activation of the lectin pathway. This study investigated whether serum levels and polymorphisms of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolin-2 (FCN2), two pattern recognition receptors of the lectin pathway, are associated with the predisposition to and clinical features of SSc.

Methods
A case-control study was undertaken involving 90 patients with SSc from a single SSc outpatient clinic and 90 age- and sex-matched blood donors. MBL and FCN2 levels and polymorphisms were measured in both groups, and in cases correlated with clinical data.

Results
MBL levels and genotypes were equally distributed in cases and controls while there were some significant differences in FCN2 polymorphisms. Median MBL levels were higher in SSc cases with diffuse disease compared with controls (2.6 versus 1.0 μg/ml, P <0.001).
In cases, higher MBL levels were associated with the presence of clinical findings associated with vascular dysfunction and local tissue damage (digital ulcers, calcinosis and pitting). Moreover, MBL levels were associated with fibrotic disease manifestations as evidenced by the presence of diffuse disease (median 2.6 versus 0.8 μg/ml, P = 0.002), the modified Rodnan skin score (r = 0.39, P <0.001), and interstitial lung disease as measured by forced vital capacity (r = −0.33, P = 0.001). Importantly, MBL levels also correlated with the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire scores (r = 0.33, P = 0.002). The results for FCN2 levels were less striking. Phenotypic MBL results were largely confirmed by analysis of MBL polymorphisms. MBL levels were not associated with the presence of autoantibodies or hypocomplementaemia.

Conclusions
Overall, predisposition to SSc was not influenced by the lectin pathway of complement in our matched case-control study. However, our preliminary data suggest that MBL, and to a lesser extent FCN2, may modulate disease manifestations of SSc, particularly in diffuse cutaneous disease.
Packaging efficiency in phosphor-converted white LEDs and its impact to the limit of luminous efficacy
Authors: Sun Ching-Cherng , Chang Yu-Yu , Yang Tsung-Hsun , Chung Te-Yuan , Chen Cheng-Chien , Lee Tsung-Xian , Li Dun-Ru , Lu Chun-Yan , Ting Zi-Yan , Glorieux Benoît , Chen Yi-Chun , Lai Kun-Yu , Liu Cheng-Yi 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we start from the study on the packaging efficiency of the phosphor-converted white LED via a new way to measure and calculate the blue light from the blue die to the encapsulation lens. Then we try to estimate the limit of luminous efficacy of a pcW-LED with Type VII structure. In the calculation, with the EQE of 81% of the blue die and Stokes loss, we obtain the optimal limit of luminous efficacy. The largest one reaches 300 lm/W, and occurs for green-white light with CCT from 4000K to 5000K. More practical limit is calculated in considering phosphor quantum loss and geometry loss, and the practical limit of luminous for CRI around 60 is around 210 lm/W, and for CRI larger than 80 is around 175 lm/W. Luminous efficacy will be sacrificed to obtain higher CRI. In order to know the real optical flux on the illuminated target, we introduce the optical utilization factor (OUF). Three application cases are discussed. The OUFs for light bulb, automotive head lamp, and street light are 90%, 60% and 45%, respectively. In considering human factors, it is interesting to find that a light source with lower luminous efficacy can perform higher illumination luminous efficacy (ILE). Therefore it is important to use ILE rather than LE when a light source is practically applied to lighting.
Safety and neurological assessments after autologous transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in subjects with chronic spinal cord injury
Authors: Mendonça Marcus Vinícius Pinheiro , Larocca Ticiana Ferreira , de Freitas Souza Bruno Solano , Villarreal Cristiane Flora , Silva Luiz Flávio Maia , Matos André Costa , Novaes Marco Antonio , Bahia Cláudia Maria Pinheiro , de Oliveira Melo Martinez Ana Carine , Kaneto Carla Martins , Furtado Sissi Brandão Carneiro , Sampaio Geraldo Pedral , Soares Milena Botelho Pereira , dos Santos Ricardo Ribeiro 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The administration of stem cells holds promise as a potential therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI). Mesenchymal stem cells have advantages for clinical applications, since they can be easily obtained, are suitable for autologous transplantation and have been previously shown to induce regeneration of the spinal cord in experimental settings. Here we evaluated the feasibility, safety and potential efficacy of autologous transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells in subjects with chronic complete SCI.

Method
We conducted a phase I, non-controlled study in 14 subjects of both genders aging between 18 to 65 years, with chronic traumatic SCI (>6 months), at thoracic or lumbar levels, classified as American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) A - complete injury. Baseline somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and urodynamics were assessed before and after treatment. Pain rating was performed using the McGill Pain Questionnaire and a visual analogue score scale. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and characterized by flow cytometry, cell differentiation assays and G-band karyotyping. Mesenchymal stem cells were injected directly into the lesion following laminectomy and durotomy.

Results
Cell transplantation was an overall safe and well-tolerated procedure. All subjects displayed variable improvements in tactile sensitivity and eight subjects developed lower limbs motor functional gains, principally in the hip flexors. Seven subjects presented sacral sparing and improved American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS) grades to B or C – incomplete injury. Nine subjects had improvements in urologic function. One subject presented changes in SSEP 3 and 6 months after mesenchymal stem cells transplantation. Statistically significant correlations between the improvements in neurological function and both injury size and level were found.

Conclusion
Intralesional transplantation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in subjects with chronic, complete spinal cord injury is safe, feasible, and may promote neurological improvements.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01325103 – Registered 28 March 2011
Gold Nanosweepers (AuNSs): A Novel Application of PEGylated AuNPs
Authors: Yang Guiying , Li Na , Chow Ho-Yin , Xu Qinying , Zhang Huanlin , Ruiz Jaime , Lai Xinchun , Astruc Didier , Wong Kwok-Yin , Zhao Pengxiang 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Simple PEGylated-AuNPs are prepared by a modified Turkevich method, followed with thiolate–mPEG ligand substitution. These widely used AuNPs are first investigated as a “gold nanosweeper” (AuNS) to remove the “dust” (acrylamide) both in hydrophobic and aqueous media.
Diphenyltetrahedrane Derivative: A Molecule with an Extended π–σ–π Conjugation
Authors: Kobayashi Yuzuru , Nakamoto Masaaki , Sekiguchi Akira 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The reaction of phenyltris(trimethylsilyl)tetrahedrane with MeLi results in the formation of isolable phenylbis(trimethylsilyl)tetrahedryllithium (4a), which was characterized by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. The derivatization of 4a via nucleophilic or cross-coupling reactions produced new tetrahedrane derivatives, including a diphenyltetrahedrane derivative with an extended π–σ–π conjugation between the σ-orbital of the tetrahedrane core and the two aryl π-systems.
Synthesis of SBA-15 Functionalized by a Sulfopropyl Group Anchored onto the Surface through a Si–C Covalent Bond
Authors: Kugita Tsuyoshi , Ambo Kanako 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
An allyl group was introduced to SBA-15 by the reaction of allylmagnesium bromide with chlorinated SBA-15 obtained by the treatment of calcined SBA-15 with thionyl chloride. The allyl group was converted to a mercaptopropyl group by photochemical reaction with liquid hydrogen sulfide, and then the sulfopropyl group-functionalized SBA-15 was obtained by acidification. The sulfopropyl group in the resulting material was anchored to the SBA-15 surface by a Si–C covalent bond and showed high thermal stability in comparison with that introduced by the conventional silane-coupling method.
Inpatient Prescribing and Monitoring of Fentanyl Transdermal Systems: Adherence to Safety Regulations
Authors: McEvoy Theresa , Moore Joann , Generali Joyce 
Published: November 2014

Background National safety guidelines were developed to minimize the occurrence of serious adverse drug events (ADEs) associated with the use of the fentanyl transdermal system (FTS), however, reports of use in opioid-naïve patients for treatment of acute pain and associated ADEs continue to occur. Objective To evaluate the prescribing patterns of the FTS for adherence to recent US regulatory recommendations and identify the impact of health information technology (HIT) on adherence rates. Methods A retrospective pre- and postintervention analysis was performed in hospitalized adult patients receiving FTS. Electronic medication order instructions and text questions were incorporated into FTS electronic medication orders. The primary outcome measure was adherence of FTS medication orders to regulatory guidelines defined as (a) a new order in an opioid-tolerant patient for use in moderate to severe chronic pain or (b) continuation of the documented home dose in use for at least 7 days. Safety measures included respiratory rate and documented ADEs. Results Adherence rates were significantly increased in the postintervention cohort as compared to the preintervention cohort (48.7% vs 85.0%; P < .0001). Incidence of ADEs was significantly lower post intervention (34.7% vs 23.3%; P = .043), including a lower incidence of respiratory depression (16.7% vs 8.3%; P = .043). Documentation was increased in the postintervention cohort (76% vs 100%). However, supporting documentation confirmed responses in only 59.2% of records reviewed. Conclusions Incorporation of HIT via electronic order text questions increased overall adherence rates to regulatory recommendations, increased documentation, and decreased the rate of associated ADEs.
The dancer at work: The aesthetic and politics of practice clothes and leotard costumes in ballet performance
Authors: Tomic-Vajagic Tamara 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article focuses on the aesthetic implications innate to the introduction of tight-fitting rehearsal-style costume, a leotard, to the dance studio and stage. In ballet, the pared-down and subtle design of such costumes is found in many dance works from the twentieth century until today, including the ‘black and white ballets’ by George Balanchine, or ‘ballet-ballets’ by William Forsythe. These works are also considered plotless and seem to deter the viewer from the theatrical conventions of plot lines, characters and narratives. This article is concerned with that which is highlighted in such works: the dancer’s moving body and the leotard as a costume that particularly refers to the performer at work and in own cultural setting. The look into the relationship between the dancers and leotard as a costume type communicates important information about the performer’s work and their development of roles in such repertoire. The closer consideration of this relationship in reference to the aesthetic of practice-clothes ballet also discloses plenty about the artistic potentials in such choreography and performance, revealing how the use of leotard as a stage costume has both furthered and challenged some of ballet’s traditions and cultural conventions.
Study of the Growth and Dislocation Blocking Mechanisms in InxGa1−xAs Buffer Layer for Growing High-Quality In0.5Ga0.5P, In0.3Ga0.7As, and In0.52Ga0.48As on Misoriented GaAs Substrate for Inverted Metamorphic Multijunction Solar Cell Application
Authors: Nguyen H. Q. , Yu H. W. , Hsu C. H. , Phan V. T. H. , Chang E. Y. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEffects of growth conditions and buffer structures on crystal quality of 1.9-eV In
On the restricted summability of Walsh–Kaczmarz–Fejér means
Authors: Nagy Károly 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to discuss the properties of the maximal operator of two-dimensional Walsh–Kaczmarz–Fejér means, where the set of indices is inside a cone-like set. We prove that the maximal operator σ
L

κ,* is bounded from Hp
to Lp
for 1/2 < p and is of weak type (1,1). As a corollary, we get Simon's theorem [Monatsh. Math. 131 (2000), no. 4, 321–334] on the convergence almost everywhere of cone-restricted two-dimensional Fejér means of integrable functions. In the endpoint case p = 1/2, we show that the maximal operator σ
L

κ,* is not bounded from the Hardy space H
1/2 to the space L
1/2.
Health on the Home Front: Infant Deaths and Industrial Accidents during Mobilization for World War II
Authors: Fishback Price V. , Jaworski Taylor 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The view that the US economy and living standards benefited from mobilization for World War II is commonplace. The main source of evidence is aggregate comparisons of standard macroeconomic variables over the Great Depression and war years. In this paper, we use newly collected data on infant health and industrial accidents to document changes in health conditions during World War II. The findings suggest that infant health and work conditions deteriorated in the early 1940s. Opening or expanding a plant for war production is associated with 7 additional infant deaths (per 1,000 live births) in 1942 and incidence of industrial accidents increased by 16 percent. The war years interrupted the long-run trend toward improved health along a number of dimensions, however, recovery to pre-war levels occurred quickly after 1945.
X-ray Reflectometry and Related Surface Near X-ray Scattering Methods
Authors: Seeck Oliver H. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Surface sensitive X-ray scattering methods are mostly non-destructive
tools which are frequently used to investigate the nature of thin
films, interfaces and artificial near surface structures. Discussed
here are diffraction based methods, namely reflectometry and the
related techniques grazing incidence diffraction and crystal
truncation rod measurements. For the experiment, an X-ray beam is
diffracted from surface near structures of the sample and detected by
adequate detectors. To analyze the data the according X-ray scattering
theory has to be applied. The full theory of surface sensitive X-ray
scattering is complex and based on general considerations from wave
optics. However, instructive insights into the scattering processes
are provided by the Born-approximation which in many cases yields
sufficient results. The methods are applied to solve the structure of
a mercury-electrolyte interface during a chemical reaction and to
determine the strain distribution in surface near SiGe quantum dots.
Closed loop microfluidic platform based on domain wall magnetic conduits: a novel tool for biology and medicine
Authors: Monticelli M. , Petti D. , Albisetti E. , Cantoni M. , Guerriero E. , Sordan R. , M.Carminati  , Ferrari G. , Sampietro M. , Bertacco R. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper we present an innovative on-chip platform suitable for the simultaneous manipulation and detection of the transit of a single magnetic bead. This system is based on the controlled displacement of constrained magnetic domain walls (DWs) that are used to move and sense particles in suspension over the chip. To this scope, the high stray field from the transverse DWs created at the corners of ferromagnetic zig-zag structures is used for particles manipulation, while electrical contacts flanking a single corner are employed to simultaneously monitor the DW passage through that corner, via anisotropic magneto resistance (AMR) measurements. A single DW carrying a magnetic particle is nucleated and manipulated within the zig-zag shaped magnetic conduit, trough the action of external magnetic fields. At the same time, the variation of the voltage drop across a corner flanked by a pair of electrical leads is measured, allowing to detect the transit of the DW thanks to the change of the relative orientation of current and spins at the corner related to the peculiar micromagnetic configuration of the DW (AMR). Work is in progress in order to selectively distinguish the transit of a naked DW from that of a DW bound to a magnetic particle. This work paves the way to the development of a closed-loop microlfuidic platform for on-chip bead manipulation, where single bead can be finely moved and their motion continuously checked, via AMR electrical detection and without need of optical monitoring, in a fully integrated closed-loop system.
Futuro e história: análise da temporalidade atual
Authors: De Almeida Gisele Iecker 
Published: November 2014

Ao final do século XX, a segurança da humanidade na unidade e direção do conhecimento foi abalada. Nesse contexto, desde 1970, a escrita da história se encontra em um momento crítico, e é evidente que, desde então, a historiografia vem perdendo terreno na sociedade. O “presentismo”, efeito do colapso da ideia de futuro e da concepção linear e progressiva do tempo, exige uma nova abordagem do passado histórico e requer uma produção de conhecimento relevante para a contemporaneidade. Informados pela filosofia e pela teoria da história contemporâneas, procuramos investigar qual poderia ser o papel desempenhado pela historiografia nesta estrutura emergente da temporalidade. Nesta proposta, o historiador passa a entender-se como um mediador da nossa relação com os eventos passados, formando uma ponte entre passado, presente e futuro.
Edgeless and eccentric cities or new peripheries?
Authors: Limonad Ester , Costa Heloisa 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Changes in the organisation of social space, set in motion by the third industrial revolution, affected the spatial distribution of production and population, challenging established conceptions of centralities and urban networks at different scales. Temporal continuities and simultaneities are replacing spatial ones, as urban agglomerations expand in scattered ways. Material and immaterial economic flows are followed by economic and political spatial rearrangements. Eccentric centralities outside urban agglomerations emerge as a result of these spatial movements. The concept of centre-periphery used to be essential to distinguish differences, inequalities and asymmetries in social space, but contemporary urban and metropolitan sprawl defies previous centre-periphery correlations. Our goal is to discuss the changing notion of centralities within contemporary urbanisation. Hence following a theoretical approach on centralities, poles and positioning, the spatial context of the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region is explored as it is experiencing an increasing spatial dispersion of economic activities, population and political power against an historical backdrop of strong centre-periphery relationships. Finally as a closure after analysing the spatial outcome of the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region and its perspectives, some questions are enrolled to help to understand the challenges posed to metropolitan planning, in the context of economic articulation with the more general global process and socio- environmental and political requirements usually prevailing at the local/metropolitan leve