bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pacifier
Authors: Qian Xuehai , Sahelices Benjamin , Qian Depei 
Published: October 2014

Record and Deterministic Replay (R&R) of multithreaded programs on relaxed-consistency multiprocessors with distributed directory protocol has been a long-standing open problem. The independently developed RelaxReplay [8] solves the problem by assuming write atomicity.
This paper proposes Pacifier, the first R&R scheme to provide a solution without assuming write atomicity. R&R for relaxed-consistency multiprocessors needs to detect, record and replay Sequential Consistency Violations (SCV). Pacifier has two key components: (i) Relog, a general memory reordering logging and replay mechanism that can reproduce SCVs in relaxed memory models, and (ii) Granule, an SCV detection scheme in the record phase with good precision, that indicates whether to record with Relog. We show that Pacifier is a sweet spot in the design space with a reasonable trade-off between hardware and log overhead. An evaluation with simulations mof 16, 32 and 64 processors with Release Consistency (RC) running SPLASH-2 applications indicates that Pacifier incurs 3.9% ~ 16% larger logs. The slowdown of Pacifier during replay is 10.1% ~ 30.5% compared to native execution
CODOMs
Authors: Vilanova Lluïs , Ben-Yehuda Muli , Navarro Nacho , Etsion Yoav , Valero Mateo 
Published: October 2014

Today's complex software systems are neither secure nor reliable. The rudimentary software protection primitives provided by current hardware forces systems to run many distrusting software components (e.g., procedures, libraries, plugins, modules) in the same protection domain, or otherwise suffer degraded performance from address space switches.
We present CODOMs (COde-centric memory DOMains), a novel architecture that can provide finer-grained isolation between software components with effectively zero run-time overhead, all at a fraction of the complexity of other approaches. An implementation of CODOMs in a cycle-accurate full-system x86 simulator demonstrates that with the right hardware support, finer-grained protection and run-time performance can peacefully coexist.
Eliminating redundant fragment shader executions on a mobile GPU via hardware memoization
Authors: Arnau Jose-Maria , Parcerisa Joan-Manuel , Xekalakis Polychronis 
Published: October 2014

Redundancy is at the heart of graphical applications. In fact, generating an animation typically involves the succession of extremely similar images. In terms of rendering these images, this behavior translates into the creation of many fragment programs with the exact same input data. We have measured this fragment redundancy for a set of commercial Android applications, and found that more than 40% of the fragments used in a frame have been already computed in a prior frame.
In this paper we try to exploit this redundancy, using fragment memoization. Unfortunately, this is not an easy task as most of the redundancy exists across frames, rendering most HW based schemes unfeasible. We thus first take a step back and try to analyze the temporal locality of the redundant fragments, their complexity, and the number of inputs typically seen in fragment programs. The result of our analysis is a task level memoization scheme, that easily outperforms the current state-of-the-art in low power GPUs
More specifically, our experimental results show that our scheme is able to remove 59.7% of the redundant fragment computations on average. This materializes to a significant speedup of 17.6% on average, while also improving the overall energy efficiency by 8.9% on average.
Changes in Vowel Articulation with Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Dysarthric Speakers with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Martel Sauvageau Vincent , Macoir Joël , Langlois Mélanie , Prud’Homme Michel , Cantin Léo , Roy Johanna-Pascale 
Published: October 2014

Purpose. To investigate changes in vowel articulation with the electrical deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in dysarthric speakers with Parkinson’s disease (PD).Methods. Eight Quebec-French speakers diagnosed with idiopathic PD who had undergone STN DBS were evaluated ON-stimulation and OFF-stimulation (1 hour after DBS was turned off). Vowel articulation was compared ON-simulation versus OFF-stimulation using acoustic vowel space and formant centralization ratio, calculated with the first (F1) and second formant (F2) of the vowels /i/, /u/, and /a/. The impact of the preceding consonant context on articulation, which represents a measure of coarticulation, was also analyzed as a function of the stimulation state.Results. Maximum vowel articulation increased during ON-stimulation. Analyses also indicate that vowel articulation was modulated by the consonant context but this relationship did not change with STN DBS.Conclusions. Results suggest that STN DBS may improve articulation in dysarthric speakers with PD, in terms of range of movement. Optimization of the electrical parameters for each patient is important and may lead to improvement in speech fine motor control. However, the impact on overall speech intelligibility may still be small. Clinical considerations are discussed and new research avenues are suggested.Corrigendum to “Changes in Vowel Articulation with Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Dysarthric Speakers with Parkinson’s Disease”
Hypertension in the United States, 1999 to 2012
Authors: Egan Brent M. , Li Jiexiang , Hutchison Florence N. , Ferdinand Keith C. 
Published: October 2014

Background—
To reduce the cardiovascular disease burden, Healthy People 2020 established US hypertension goals for adults to (1) decrease the prevalence to 26.9% and (2) raise treatment to 69.5% and control to 61.2%, which requires controlling 88.1% on treatment.

Methods and Results—

To assess the current status and progress toward these Healthy People 2020 goals, time trends in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999 to 2012 data in 2-year blocks were assessed in adults ≥18 years of age age-adjusted to US 2010. From 1999 to 2000 to 2011 to 2012, prevalent hypertension was unchanged (30.1% versus 30.8%,
P
=0.32). Hypertension treatment (59.8% versus 74.7%,
P
<0.001) and proportion of treated adults controlled (53.3%–68.9%,
P
=0.0015) increased. Hypertension control to <140/<90 mm Hg rose every 2 years from 1999 to 2000 to 2009 to 2010 (32.2% versus 53.8%,
P
<0.001) before declining to 51.2% in 2011 to 2012. Modifiable factor(s) significant in multivariable logistic regression modeling include: (1) increasing body mass index with prevalent hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.44); (2) lack of health insurance (OR, 1.68) and <2 healthcare visits per year (OR, 4.24) with untreated hypertension; (3) healthcare insurance (OR, 1.69), ≥2 healthcare visits per year (OR, 3.23), and cholesterol treatment (OR, 1.90) with controlled hypertension.

Conclusions—
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2012 analysis suggests that Healthy People 2020 goals for hypertension ([1] prevalence shows no progress, [2] treatment was exceeded, and [3] control) have flattened below target. Findings are consistent with evidence that (1) obesity prevention and treatment could reduce prevalent hypertension, and (2) healthcare insurance, ≥2 healthcare visits per year, and guideline-based cholesterol treatment could improve hypertension control.
Incident Atrial Fibrillation and Risk of Death in Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bansal Nisha , Fan Dongjie , Hsu Chi‐yuan , Ordonez Juan D. , Go Alan S. 
Published: October 2014

Background

Atrial fibrillation (
AF
) frequently occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease (
CKD
); however, the long‐term impact of development of
AF
on the risk of death among patients with
CKD
is unknown.

Methods and Results

We studied adults with
CKD
(glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation) identified between 2002 and 2010 who were enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Northern California and had no previously documented
AF
. Incident
AF
was identified using primary hospital discharge diagnoses or ≥2 outpatient visits for
AF
. Death was comprehensively ascertained from health plan administrative databases, Social Security Administration vital status files, and the California death certificate registry. Covariates included demographics, comorbidity, ambulatory blood pressure, laboratory values (hemoglobin, proteinuria), and longitudinal medication use. Among 81 088 adults with
CKD
, 6269 (7.7%) developed clinically recognized incident
AF
during a mean follow‐up of 4.8±2.7 years. There were 2388 cases of death that occurred after incident
AF
(145 per 1000 person‐years) compared with 18 865 cases of death during periods without
AF
(51 per 1000 person‐years,
P
<0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, incident
AF
was associated with a 66% increase in relative rate of death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.66, 95% CI 1.57 to 1.77).

Conclusion

Incident
AF
is independently associated with an increased risk of death in adults with
CKD
. Further study is needed to understand the mechanisms by which
CKD
is associated with
AF
and to identify potentially modifiable risk factors to decrease the burden of
AF
and subsequent risk of death in this high‐risk population.
Asymmetry of Winter European Surface Air Temperature Extremes and the North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Diao Yina , Xie Shang-Ping , Luo Dehai 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Interannual variations of winter warm and cold extremes in Europe are investigated. It is found that the variations are closely connected to the phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The leading EOF of the winter cold (warm) surface air temperature (SAT) extreme frequency shows an enhanced occurrence over western (eastern) Europe. The SAT probability distribution function of the cold extreme winter exhibits both a decrease of the mean SAT and a marked increase in SAT variance, whereas it shows only a shift of the mean SAT to the warmer side for extreme warm winters.
This study reveals an asymmetry in location between the cold and warm extremes, caused by the NAO modulations of blocking events and other submonthly variations. Winters with frequent cold extremes are mainly accompanied by the eastern Atlantic blocking. The circulation causes not only marked local cooling but also increased SAT gradient, resulting in both enhanced SAT variance and increased occurrence of cold extremes. By contrast, winters with frequent warm extremes are associated with the northeast–southwest tilted positive NAO pattern. The warm advection by the submonthly perturbations is responsible for the development of warm extremes. The reduced SAT gradient due to enhanced warm advection weakens SAT variance over northern Europe. Thus, the cold extremes are larger in terms of deviations from the monthly mean than the warm extremes.
European-Scale Drought: Understanding Connections between Atmospheric Circulation and Meteorological Drought Indices
Authors: Kingston Daniel G. , Stagge James H. , Tallaksen Lena M. , Hannah David M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Quantification of large-scale climate drivers of drought is necessary to understand better and manage these spatially extensive and often prolonged natural hazards. Here, this issue is advanced at the continental scale for Europe. Drought events are identified using two indices—the 6-month cumulative standardized precipitation and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration indices (SPI-6 and SPEI-6, respectively)—both calculated using the gridded Water and Global Change (WATCH) Forcing Dataset for 1958–2001. Correlation of monthly time series of the percentage of European area in drought with geopotential height for 1958–2001 indicates that a weakening of the prevailing westerly circulation is associated with drought onset. Such conditions are linked to variations in the eastern Atlantic/western Russia (EA/WR) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) atmospheric circulation patterns. Event-based analysis of the most widespread European droughts reveals that a higher number are identified by the SPEI-6 than the SPI-6, with SPEI-6 drought events showing a greater variety of spatial locations and start dates. Atmospheric circulation drivers also vary between the two types of events, with EA/WR-type variation associated most frequently with SPEI-6 drought, and the NAO associated with SPI-6. This distinction reflects the sensitivity of these drought indices to the underlying drought type (meteorological water balance versus precipitation, respectively) and associated differences in their timing and location (Europe-wide year round versus northern Europe winter). As such, this study provides new insight into both the identification of Europe-wide drought and patterns of large-scale climate variation associated with two different drought indices.
Use of diffusion tensor imaging in assessing superficial myometrial invasion by endometrial carcinoma: a preliminary study
Authors: Zhang Longmin , Liu Ailian , Zhang Ting , Song Qingwei , Wei Qiang , Wang Heqing 
Published: October 2014

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the standard modality for local staging of gynecological malignancies, but it has several limitations, especially when differentiating a cancer limited to the endometrium from a cancer invading the superficial myometrium. Purpose To explore 1.5 T diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in assessing superficial myometrial infiltration by endometrial carcinoma. Material and Methods We analyzed the sensitivity of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) versus fractional anisotropy (FA) in diagnosing superficial myometrial infiltration compared to DCE-MRI and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) in 35 patients with endometrial cancer. For each patient, T2WI-DWI fusion images were generated, and five regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on corresponding DTI images. ADC and FA were calculated, and fiber tractography (FT) images for each level were obtained. ADC and FA values for the five ROIs were compared. Results In distinguishing cancerous versus non-cancerous areas within superficial myometrium, median ADC values were significantly lower (1.16 vs. 1.48, respectively; P < 0.001) and median FA values were significantly higher (0.41 vs. 0.27; P < 0.001, respectively). ADC’s versus FA’s sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy for diagnosing superficial myometrial invasion were 74.3%, 88.6%, 86.7%, 77.5%, 81.4% versus 88.6%, 97.1%, 96.9%, 89.5%, 92.9%, respectively. T2WI and DCE-MR showed a sensitivity of 80.0% and 77.1%, respectively, in diagnosing myometrial invasion. Conclusion Both ADC and FA were able to distinguish between cancerous verss non-cancerous areas within superficial myometrium (although FA was more sensitive based on AUC values). In addition, FA was superior to ADC, and more sensitive than T2WI and DCE-MR, in evaluating myometrial invasion. FT images provided visual confirmation of irregular arrangement and direction of the fibers due to proliferation of stromal cells caused by superficial myometrial invasion.
Relationship between expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Xie Shuan-Shuan , Hu Feng , Tan Min , Duan Yu-Xiang , Song Xiao-Lian , Wang Chang-Hui 
Published: October 2014

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and expression of adenylyl cyclase-associated protein (CAP)-1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Patients with possible respiratory disease were recruited into the study and divided into a COPD group and a non-COPD group on diagnosis. Pulmonary function tests were performed and serum concentrations of MMP-9 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MMP-9 and CAP1 expression were analysed in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in all available samples using immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. In addition, expression of MMP-9 and CAP1 in vitro was investigated using immunofluorescence. Expression of CAP1 in response to MMP-9 was measured in the human alveolar epithelial cell line HP-AEpiC, using Western blot. Results A total of 90 patients were included in the study: 52 were in the COPD group and 38 in the non-COPD group. Serum MMP-9 concentrations were significantly higher in the COPD than in the non-COPD group. MMP-9 serum concentrations were negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1 as a percentage of the normal predicted value and the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity, and were positively correlated with residual volume (RV), total lung capacity (TLC) and RV/TLC values. In lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples, MMP-9 and CAP1 expression were inversely related. This relationship was confirmed in HP-AEpiC cells. High expression of MMP-9 and low expression of CAP1 was demonstrated in the COPD group compared with the non-COPD group. Conclusions This study demonstrated an inverse relationship between CAP1 and MMP-9 expression, and high expression of MMP-9 and low expression of CAP1 in those with COPD compared with the non-COPD group. Overexpression of MMP-9 in lung tissue and its interaction with CAP1 is likely to play a major role in airway obstruction in COPD.
Study of neurovascular coupling during cold pressor test in patients with migraine
Authors: Fabjan Andrej , Bajrović Fajko F , Musizza Bojan , Vidmar Jernej , Štrucl Martin , Zaletel Marjan 
Published: October 2014

Background Altered neurovascular coupling in migraineurs could be a consequence of impaired function of modulatory brainstem nuclei. The cold pressor test (CPT) should activate brainstem structures. We measured visually evoked cerebral blood flow velocity response (VEFR) to CPT in migraine. Methods Twenty-three healthy volunteers and 29 migraineurs participated in the study. We measured arterial blood pressure, end-tidal CO2, heart rate and cerebral blood flow velocity in posterior and middle cerebral artery using transcranial Doppler. VEFR was calculated as cerebrovascular reactivity to photic stimulation before, during and after CPT. Results In healthy individuals, there was a significant decrease in peak systolic VEFR from CPT phase to recovery phase ( p < 0.05). There was an increase in mean VEFR from basal to CPT phase and a decrease from CPT to recovery phase, both significant ( p < 0.05). End-diastolic VEFR increased from basal to CPT phase and decreased in recovery phase below the basal phase values, all changes significant ( p < 0.05). In migraine, no statistically significant changes in peak systolic, mean or end-diastolic VEFRs were observed between phases ( p > 0.05). The differences in phases in mean and end-diastolic VEFRs between the basal phase and the CPT phase and between the CPT phase and the recovery phase were significantly higher in healthy individuals ( p < 0.05). Conclusions The absence of the effect of CPT on VEFR in migraine is likely to be a consequence of impaired subcortical modulation of neurovascular coupling.
The Psychometric Properties of the Swedish Version of the EBP Process Assessment Scale
Authors: Nyström Siv , Åhsberg Elizabeth 
Published: October 2014

Objective: This study examines whether the psychometric properties of the short version of the Evidence-Based Practice Process Assessment Scale (EBPPAS) remain satisfactory when translated and transferred to the context of Swedish welfare services. Method: The Swedish version of EBPPAS was tested on a sample of community-based professionals in social care services and health care services ( n = 710). Internal consistency, test–retest reliability ( n = 95), and the factor structure were examined. Results: The findings support the scale’s reliability. Both α values and test–retest coefficients were satisfactory or excellent for the entire scale and for each of its four sections. A four-component structure was achieved. Thus, the results are consistent with previous research on the EBPPAS. Conclusion: The study provides support for the EBPPAS, short version, to be used in evaluating EBP implementation efforts in Sweden.
Predictors of Peroneal Pathology in Broström–Gould Ankle Ligament Reconstruction for Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Burrus M. Tyrrell , Werner Brian C. , Hadeed Michael M. , Walker Joseph B. , Perumal Venkat , Park Joseph S. 
Published: October 2014

Background: Chronic ankle instability has a well-known association with intra- and extraarticular ankle pathologies, including peroneal tendonitis and subluxation. Patients with peroneal pathology are at risk for failure of conservative treatment for their ankle instability, thus identifying these patients is important and helps to guide management. There has been no literature looking at, in patients with chronic ankle instability, which associated ankle pathologies and patient characteristics are predictive of peroneal pathology. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients (N = 136) who underwent a Broström–Gould ankle ligament reconstruction at a single institution from 2010 to 2014. Preoperative clinical examinations and MRIs as well as operative procedures were documented. Patients with and without peroneal pathology were divided into 2 cohorts, and their preoperative characteristics underwent a univariate analysis with P < .05 defined as showing a significant difference. Results: Of patients undergoing lateral ankle ligament reconstruction, 53.3% required operative intervention for symptomatic peroneal tendon pathology. Female gender was the only significant predictor of peroneal pathology ( P = .008). The presence of an osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) was a significant negative predictor of peroneal pathology ( P < .001). The remainder of the variables (age, BMI, duration of symptoms, tobacco, traumatic etiology, worker’s compensation, global hyperlaxity, contralateral ankle instability, sport participation, ankle tilt, and deltoid tear) did not show a significant difference between cohorts. Conclusion: In patients who underwent Broström–Gould ankle ligament reconstruction for chronic lateral ankle instability, female gender was significantly associated with concomitant peroneal tendon pathology. Conversely, preoperative MRI findings of an OLT showed a significant negative association with peroneal pathology. All of the other variables did not show a positive or negative association. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative case series.