bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Over-investment, the marginal value of cash holdings and corporate governance
Authors: Huang Chih Jen , Liao Tsai-Ling , Chang Yu-Shan 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine how investors’ valuation of cash holdings is related to firm-level investment.

Design/methodology/approach
– As prior studies note that holding excess cash serve as a driver to would be over-investing, and that over-investment imposes substantial agency costs on shareholders, the authors focus on the value implications of holding cash in the presence of over-investment from the perspective of shareholders.

Findings
– By examining the publicly traded companies on Taiwan stock market, the authors uncover that cash is valued less in firms with over-investment than in those with under-investment and the magnitude of over-investment is negatively related to the marginal value of cash holdings (MVCH). It reveals that investment activities impact the value that shareholders place on cash holdings. Moreover, further tests indicate that higher block holdings and the presence of independent directors on boards can effectively mitigate the negative impact of over-investment on the MVCH.

Practical implications
– This paper enhances the understanding of the valuation implications of cash reserves held by firms with over-investment and the effectiveness of governance structures in containing the detrimental effect of investment-related agency costs on the value of holding cash.

Originality/value
– This paper provides pioneering evidence that outside investors discount cash assets in over-investing firms to reflect their expectations that they will not receive the full benefit of these assets; and this paper extends the literature on corporate governance by assessing the role of governance mechanisms in reversing the negative relation between over-investment and the MVCH.
Reconsidering the role of Tobin’s Q
Authors: Holmes Mark J. , Maghrebi Nabil 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to investigate nonlinearities in the behavior of investment expenditure. Conventional wisdom suggests that Tobin’s Q criterion is an important explanation of investment behaviour that bridges the financial and real sides of the economy. However, the empirical evidence in support of Q as a means of explaining aggregate business investment is rather weak. We answer a number of questions about the relationship between investment expenditure and Q. In particular, is the relationship governed by non-linearities? If so, what is the nature of the non-linearities present?

Design/methodology/approach
– The rationale for paying closer attention to non-linearities is based on the presence of information asymmetries and possible dependence of adjustments on non-linearities with respect to factors such as fixed costs, threshold effects and irreversibility, which are entertained in the investment literature. Using the non-linear vector error-correction model procedure advocated by Hansen and Seo, we show that in the context of the US economy, investment has a long-run relationship with Q that is based on threshold error correction.

Findings
– There are asymmetries present with respect to error correction or the speed of adjustment towards long-run equilibrium. We find that investment expenditure only responds significantly to long-run disequilibrium from Q during a particular regime. Such a regime is characterised by long-run disequilibrium based on high or rising investment expenditure compared with a relatively weak stock market.

Originality/value
– The authors provide new insights into the relationship between Tobin’s Q and real investment. In contrast to previous work, they find that error correction based on the adjustment of real investment is regime-specific and function of the size of departures from long-run equilibrium. The tests also allow for the identification of periods when error correction has occurred. Not only are these insights significant for future research on financial crises, market volatility and the impact of debt, but for policymaking purposes as well.
Evolution of the construction of Dublin City Council’s housing, with emphasis on wall construction
Authors: O'Neill Daniel , Gunnigan Louis , Clarke Peter 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present information on the construction technology used to build Dublin City Council’s (DCC’s) housing stock, with an emphasis on wall construction.

Design/methodology/approach
– The methodology applied was a mix of literature review and archival research. The research was undertaken as part of PhD research exploring the energy upgrade of a housing stock.

Findings
– The research uncovered details of the construction technology used in the construction of DCC’s housing stock, especially wall construction. These details disprove perceptions and assumptions made on the evolution of construction technology in Dublin and Ireland.

Research limitations/implications
– The research is limited in that it primarily focused on the period between 1887 to the introduction of the 1991 Building Regulations. Further research is required on both DCC’s housing stock and the Irish housing stock to identify the specific changes in construction technology.

Practical implications
– It is hoped this research will be a foundation for further research on the evolution of house construction technology, and housing stock asset intelligence in Ireland.

Originality/value
– This research provides information for researchers and professionals with an interest in the evolution of Irish house construction technology. This is an area which has not received significant attention in Irish built-environment research.
Parent? Carer? Mid-lifer? Older person? Similarities and diversities across different experiences of caring and their implications for practice
Authors: Manthorpe Jill , Moriarty Jo , Cornes Michelle 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider the experiences of carers caring for an adult child, particularly as they affect the transition from midlife into older age. It explores aspects affecting the vast majority of carers, such as accessing information and services, but focuses on the specific concerns of those caring for a child with a life-long disability or a child who acquires a long-term health problem in adolescence or adulthood. In the context of the introduction of the Care Act (2014) in England, the paper highlights ways in which support for carers could be improved.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper draws on interview data which consisted of 86 face-to-face interviews with purposefully selected participants based in four local authorities. At the end of the study in 2014 the authors held a series of five focus groups for practitioners and carers to explore how the emerging findings chimed with their experiences and to refine the study’s messages for practice. The data from interviews are set in the context of policy and practice developments in social care in England.

Findings
– The paper draws attention to the need for practitioners to find ways of involving carers in decision making without compromising the rights to autonomy and choice on the part of the person cared for. Both those commissioning services and practitioners need to acknowledge that parent carers need assurances about the long-term viability and quality of the plans that are developed for the person they support.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper is drawn on interviews with carers and practitioners in four areas of England; most of the carers interviewed were white British and female. The implications of planning research and conducting research with family carers are explored and their similarities with practice encounters identified.

Practical implications
– The key practice point in this paper highlights the necessity of talking about the future with parent carers, making plans for possible and highly likely events, addressing mortality, and being aware of the potential for a deeply held sense of pessimism and unspoken distress among carers. Some participants seemed to feel that practitioners conveyed a sense that they were inadequate or unwilling to discuss these matters and practitioners who suspect this may apply to them or their team could usefully consider seeking skills development to improve their practice.

Originality/value
– This paper is the first to consider practice perspectives in the context of the Care Act (2014) and personal budgets in England relating to parent carers.
Case of bilateral acroangiodermatitis due to symmetrical arteriovenous fistulas of the soles
Authors: Horiguchi Yuji , Takahashi Kenzo , Tanizaki Hideaki , Miyachi Yoshiki 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA 58‐year‐old woman presented painful chronic inflammation of the outside skin of the bilateral soles. A skin biopsy revealed chronic inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, as well as the marked dilatation and proliferation of capillaries and veins, and the thick deposition of elastic fibers around the thick‐walled veins. 3‐D contrasted computed tomography of the lower extremities demonstrated early bilateral imaging of the veins, and fistulas of the peroneal as well as posterior tibial artery and vein of the bilateral soles. On the basis of a diagnosis of bilateral acroangiodermatitis due to symmetrical arteriovenous fistulas, the patient underwent compression therapy using elastic bandages, and the symptoms reduced in several days.
REVIEW: Quantifying urban ecosystem services based on high‐resolution data of urban green space: an assessment for Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Authors: Derkzen Marthe L. , van Teeffelen Astrid J. A. , Verburg Peter H. 
Published: May 2015

Summary

The urban dimension of ecosystem services (ES) is underexposed, while the importance of ES for human well‐being is nowhere as evident as in cities. Urban challenges such as air pollution, noise and heat can be moderated by urban green space (UGS), simultaneously providing multiple other services. However, available methods to quantify ES cannot typically deal with the high spatial and thematic resolution land cover data that are needed to better understand ES supply in the urban context.

This study derives methods to quantify and map a bundle of six ES as supplied by UGS, using land cover data with high spatial and thematic resolution, and applies these to the city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Land cover data comprise eight classes of UGS. Methods are derived from an evidence base on the importance of UGS types for the supply of each of the six ES that was built using literature review.

The evidence base reveals that UGS types differ in their contribution to various ES, although the strength of the evidence varies. However, existing indicators for urban ES often do not discriminate between UGS types. To derive UGS‐specific indicators, we combined methods and evidence from different research contexts (ES, non‐ES, urban, non‐urban).

Rotterdam shows high spatial variation in the amount of UGS present, and accounting for this in ES supply reveals that ES bundles depend on UGS composition and configuration. While the contribution of UGS types to ES supply differed markedly with UGS type and ES considered, we demonstrate that synergies rather than trade‐offs exist among the ES analysed.

Synthesis and applications. Our findings underline the importance of a careful design of urban green space (UGS) in city planning for ecosystem services (ES) provision. Based on the latest insights on how different UGS provide ES, the methods presented in this study enable a more detailed quantification and mapping of the supply of ES in cities, allowing assessments of current supply of key urban ES and alternative urban designs. Such knowledge is indispensable in the quest for designing healthier and climate‐resilient cities.
Fermentation of Soybean Meal Hydrolyzates with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis for Ethanol Production
Authors: Luján‐Rhenals Deivis E. , Morawicki Rubén O. , Gbur Edward E. , Ricke Steven C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMost of the ethanol currently produced by fermentation is derived from sugar cane, corn, or beets. However, it makes good ecological and economic sense to use the carbohydrates contained in by‐products and coproducts of the food processing industry for ethanol production. Soybean meal, a co‐product of the production of soybean oil, has a relatively high carbohydrate content that could be a reasonable substrate for ethanol production after fermentable sugars are released via hydrolysis. In this research, the capability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y‐2233 and Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis NRRL B‐4286 to produce ethanol was evaluated using soybean meal hydrolyzates as substrates for the fermentation. These substrates were produced from the dilute‐acid hydrolysis of soybean meal at 135 °C for 45 min with 0, 0.5%, 1.25%, and 2% H2SO4 and at 120 °C for 30 min with 1.25% H2SO4. Kinetic parameters of the fermentation were estimated using the logistic model. Ethanol production using S. cerevisiae was highest with the substrates obtained at 135 °C, 45 min, and 0.5% H2SO4 and fermented for 8 h, 8 g/L (4 g ethanol/100 g fresh SBM), while Z. mobilis reached its maximum ethanol production, 9.2 g/L (4.6 g ethanol/100 g fresh SBM) in the first 20 h of fermentation with the same hydrolyzate.
Inactivation of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enterica on Blueberries in Water Using Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Liu Chuhan , Huang Yaoxin , Chen Haiqiang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUltraviolet light (UV) has antimicrobial effects, but the shadowing effect has limited its application. In this study, a novel setup using UV processing in agitated water was developed to inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on blueberries. Blueberries were dip‐ or spot‐inoculated with E. coli or Salmonella. Blueberries inoculated with E. coli were treated for 2 to 10 min with UV directly (dry UV) or immersed in agitated water during UV treatment (wet UV). E. coli was most easily killed on spot‐inoculated blueberries with a 5.2‐log reduction after 10‐min wet UV treatment. Dip‐inoculated blueberries were the most difficult to be decontaminated with only 1.6‐log reduction after 10‐min wet UV treatment. Wet UV treatment generally showed higher efficacies than dry UV treatment, achieving an average of 1.4 log more reduction for spot‐inoculated blueberries. For dip‐inoculated blueberries, chlorine washing and UV treatments were less effective, achieving <2 log reductions of E. coli. Thus, the efficacy of combinations of wet UV with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), levulinic acid, or chlorine was evaluated. Inoculated blueberries were UV‐treated while being immersed in agitated water containing 100 ppm SDS, 0.5% levulinic acid or 10 ppm chlorine. The 3 chemicals did not significantly enhance the wet UV treatment. Findings of this study suggest that UV treatment could be used as an alternative to chlorine washing for blueberries and potentially for other fresh produce.
Modeling Streamflow and Water Quality Sensitivity to Climate Change and Urban Development in 20 U.S. Watersheds
Authors: Johnson T. , Butcher J. , Deb D. , Faizullabhoy M. , Hummel P. , Kittle J. , McGinnis S. , Mearns L.O. , Nover D. , Parker A. , Sarkar S. , Srinivasan R. , Tuppad P. , Warren M. , Weaver C. , Witt J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWatershed modeling in 20 large, United States (U.S.) watersheds addresses gaps in our knowledge of streamflow, nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus), and sediment loading sensitivity to mid‐21st Century climate change and urban/residential development scenarios. Use of a consistent methodology facilitates regional scale comparisons across the study watersheds. Simulations use the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Climate change scenarios are from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program dynamically downscaled climate model output. Urban and residential development scenarios are from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated Climate and Land Use Scenarios project. Simulations provide a plausible set of streamflow and water quality responses to mid‐21st Century climate change across the U.S. Simulated changes show a general pattern of decreasing streamflow volume in the central Rockies and Southwest, and increases on the East Coast and Northern Plains. Changes in pollutant loads follow a similar pattern but with increased variability. Ensemble mean results suggest that by the mid‐21st Century, statistically significant changes in streamflow and total suspended solids loads (relative to baseline conditions) are possible in roughly 30‐40% of study watersheds. These proportions increase to around 60% for total phosphorus and total nitrogen loads. Projected urban/residential development, and watershed responses to development, are small at the large spatial scale of modeling in this study.
Aldehyde inhibition of antioxidant enzymes in the blood of diabetic patients
Authors: Lankin Vadim Z. , Konovalova Galina G. , Tikhaze Alla K. , Shumaev Konstantin B. , Belova (Kumskova) Elena M. , Grechnikova Maria A. , Viigimaa Margus 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to examine the effect of aldehyde modification on antioxidant enzyme activity in diabetic patients.MethodsThe activity of commercially available antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase [SOD]) was determined in vitro prior to and after aldehyde modification. The activity of erythrocyte Cu,Zn‐SOD was assayed in blood drawn from healthy donors, diabetic patients with decompensated carbohydrate metabolism, and diabetic patients after glucose‐lowering therapy.ResultsIn vitro aldehyde modification had no effect on catalase activity, but diminished GPx and Cu,Zn‐SOD activity. In diabetic patients with decompensated carbohydrate metabolism, glucose‐lowering therapy significantly increased Cu,Zn‐SOD activity, the effect being especially pronounced after administration of metformin.ConclusionsIt is likely that metformin antagonizes the aldehyde‐induced inhibition of erythrocyte Cu,Zn‐SOD in diabetic patients more effectively than sulfonylurea drugs.
Fibromyalgia with chronic rheumatic diseases in South Korea: a comparison of clinical and American College of Rheumatology criteria
Authors: Choi Hyo Jin , Han Jung Yoon , Seo Mi Ryoung , Ryu Hee Jung , Baek Han Joo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimTo describe the prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia (FM) in patients with underlying rheumatic disease, and to compare it by three different measures.MethodsWe studied 546 patients with chronic rheumatic diseases who attended our rheumatology clinic. If patients answered all of a screening questionnaire with yes, then we considered patients to be having widespread pain as assessed by the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ), widespread pain index (WPI), and symptom severity (SS). A physician administered the tender point (TP) exam and clinician's judgment of FM. We collected demographics, clinical and laboratory features.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐four (30.0%) patients among 546 cases had a further exam. The male‐to‐female count was 25 : 139. The mean age was 49.7 years, disease duration 3.7 years, TP counts 4.2, FIQ score 47.0 and WPI with SS score was 11.1. We classified 17 patients (10.4%) with concomitant FM with widespread pain by tender point exam, 56 patients (34.2%) by WPI with SS, and 36 patients (22.0%) by a clinician's judgment. A total of 70.6% (n = 12) of those classified as FM by 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria wee categorized as FM by clinician's judgment, while 33.3% by clinician's judgment were classified by 1990 ACR criteria.ConclusionsWe found a 10.4~34.2% prevalence of concomitant FM in the patients with chronic widespread pain. The 1990 ACR criteria were the most restrictive except for SLE. Although The 2010 ACR criteria had a wide spectrum, it can be used for FM diagnosis even in the patient with underlying rheumatic diseases.
Consortium of the ‘bichlorophyllous’ cyanobacterium Prochlorothrix hollandica and chemoheterotrophic partner bacteria: culture and metagenome‐based description
Authors: Velichko Natalia , Chernyaeva Ekaterina , Averina Svetlana , Gavrilova Olga , Lapidus Alla , Pinevich Alexander 
Published: May 2015

Summary‘Bacterial consortium’ sensu lato applies to mutualism or syntrophy‐based systems consisting of unrelated bacteria. Consortia of cyanobacteria have been preferentially studied on Anabaena epibioses; non‐photosynthetic satellites of other filamentous or unicellular cyanobacteria were also considered although structure‐functional data are few. At the same time, information about consortia of cyanobacteria which have light‐harvesting antennae distinct from standard phycobilisome was missing. In this study, we characterized first, via a polyphasic approach, the cultivable consortium of Prochlorothrix hollandica CCAP 1490/1 (filamentous cyanobacterium which contains chlorophylls a, b/carotenoid/protein complex in the absence of phycobilisome) and non‐photosynthetic heterotrophic bacteria. The strains of most abundant satellites were isolated and identified. Consortium metagenome reconstructed via 454‐pyro and Illumina sequencing was shown to include, except for P. hollandica, several phylotypes of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The ratio of consortium members was essentially stable irrespective of culture age, and restored after artificially imposed imbalance. The consortium had a complex spatial arrangement as demonstrated by FISH and SEM images of the association, epibiosis, and biofilm type. Preliminary data of metagenome annotation agreed with the hypothesis that satellite bacteria contribute to P. hollandica protection from reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Prescription Errors Before and After Introduction of Electronic Medication Alert System in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Sethuraman Usha , Kannikeswaran Nirupama , Murray Kyle P. , Zidan Marwan A. , Chamberlain James M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivesPrescription errors occur frequently in pediatric emergency departments (PEDs).The effect of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) with electronic medication alert system (EMAS) on these is unknown. The objective was to compare prescription errors rates before and after introduction of CPOE with EMAS in a PED. The hypothesis was that CPOE with EMAS would significantly reduce the rate and severity of prescription errors in the PED.MethodsA prospective comparison of a sample of outpatient, medication prescriptions 5 months before and after CPOE with EMAS implementation (7,268 before and 7,292 after) was performed. Error types and rates, alert types and significance, and physician response were noted. Medication errors were deemed significant if there was a potential to cause life‐threatening injury, failure of therapy, or an adverse drug effect.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in the errors per 100 prescriptions (10.4 before vs. 7.3 after; absolute risk reduction = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2 to 4.0). Drug dosing error rates decreased from 8 to 5.4 per 100 (absolute risk reduction = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.8 to 3.4). Alerts were generated for 29.6% of prescriptions, with 45% involving drug dose range checking. The sensitivity of CPOE with EMAS in identifying errors in prescriptions was 45.1% (95% CI = 40.8% to 49.6%), and the specificity was 57% (95% CI = 55.6% to 58.5%). Prescribers modified 20% of the dosing alerts, resulting in the error not reaching the patient. Conversely, 11% of true dosing alerts for medication errors were overridden by the prescribers: 88 (11.3%) resulted in medication errors, and 684 (88.6%) were false‐positive alerts.ConclusionsA CPOE with EMAS was associated with a decrease in overall prescription errors in our PED. Further system refinements are required to reduce the high false‐positive alert rates.