bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triaxial Experimental Study on Strength Characteristics of Saturated Soft Soil Under Different Shear Strain Rates
Authors: Liu Yongjian , Luo Lan , Zhang You , Lai Mingyang , Fu Yangpan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe China Nansha District of Guangzhou City is located at the geographical center of the Pearl River estuary and the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macau, is characterized by widely distributed saturated soft soil layers with poor engineering properties. Although many scholars have explored the influence of loading rate on the mechanical properties of soft soil, research on the variation of undrained shear strength of saturated soft soil under different shear strain rates is still limited. This article conducts an in-depth analysis of the mechanical behavior of saturated soft soil under different strain rates through true triaxial consolidated undrained shear tests. Under load, these layers exhibit a significant rate-dependent mechanical behavior. In order to reveal the influence of shear strain rate on the mechanical properties of highly saturated soft soils based on SPAX-2000 test system, a series of true triaxial consolidation undrained shear tests were carried out under different confining pressures and different strain rates, variation rules of undrained shear strength of saturated soft and the pore water pressure with strain rate were analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the strain-rate softening exists in saturated soft soil. Under the same consolidation conditions, the relative growth rate of shear strength is a monotonic increasing function of the logarithm of shear strain rate, and the smaller the intermediate principle stress, the more significant the effect of shear strain rate on shear strength. During the shearing process (The strain-rate range from 10–6/s to 10–2/s), the undrained shear strength of saturated soft soil increases with the growth of shear strain rate, following an exponential variation pattern. In the early stages of loading, the increase in pore water pressure and the maximum pore water pressure are significantly affected by the strain rate. Throughout the testing process, the variation of pore water pressure exhibits some fluctuation and hysteresis. Different from strongly structured clay, the strength of saturated soft soil undergoes a progressive change with the shear strain rate, without showing a distinct critical rate of transition.
A Comprehensive Study on Cracks in Multi-span Simply Supported Beam Bridges Through SolidWorks Analysis
Authors: Hussain Syed Musarat , Hussain Sadaqat , Awais Muhammad , Hussain Syed Sadiq 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on the significant issue of structural cracks in multi-span simply supported beam bridges. This study employs finite element analysis to assess the impact of various parameters, including load conditions, crack locations, and material qualities, on the strength of bridges. The maximum fatigue value recorded was 9.765e + 02, while the minimum was 1.000e + 02, suggesting potential reinforcement measures are necessary. Fatigue analysis helps identify possible structural deficiencies and assess the remaining fatigue life of the various bridge components. These results offer a thorough understanding of the behavior of bridges, hence contributing to the mitigation of risks and advancements in technology.The findings of this study can be used to improve bridge safety in the future through predictive maintenance models. Investigating novel structural materials and techniques will produce more robust, durable bridges.
Study on the Combined Bearing Characteristics of Cutoff Wall-Double Row Piles Composite Foundation
Authors: Wang Libo , Liu Wu , Jang Hao , Shang Jinhang , Yao Huayan , Li Renjie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe combination system of cutoff wall and double row piles, as a new type of composite reinforcement structure, can take into account the foundation reinforcement needs of the upper structure’s bearing capacity and the water-rich strata seepage interception. Based on a case of the cutoff wall and double-row piles combination reinforcement foundation at a large ship lock project in Lu’an City, Anhui Province, China, the combined bearing characteristics of the composite reinforcement structure are systematically studied in this study through three-dimensional refined modeling of the geological materials and the reinforcement structural systems. The numerical modeling results indicate that the joint-bearing characteristics of the composite foundation are significantly influenced by the elastic modulus of the material in the linking region between the cutoff wall and the upper structure, as well as the size of the upper load. As the elastic modulus of the linking region increases, the stress, displacement, and load-sharing ratio of the cutoff wall increases. The load-sharing ratio contributed by the cutoff wall decreases significantly from 22% to 3.8% when the elastic modulus of the linking region decreases from 20 GPa to 0.2 GPa. The smaller the upper load, the smaller the load-sharing ratio contributed by the cutoff wall. To protect the cutoff wall and better utilize its seepage-proofing performance, a flexible connection is suggested to be used in the linking region between the cutoff wall and the upper structure, and the upper load level should be controlled. The research has reference significance for better studying the bearing characteristics of composite foundations.
Analysis of Collapse Mechanism and Seismic Measures of RC Frame Structure with Side Corridor
Authors: Jin Huan , Li Shengqiang , Tan Yaokai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRC frame structure with side corridor is widely used in the construction of school buildings in southern China, but its seismic performance under strong earthquakes is much lower than the design expectations, and the seismic damage is very serious and even collapsed. Based on the seismic damage of the school building of in Wenchuan Xuankou Middle School, from experimental research to theoretical analysis, and from the RC frame unit model to the spatial frame model, the seismic collapse mechanism and reasons of RC frame structure with side corridor is deeply explored. The study shows that the complex interaction between the masonry infilled wall and the frame cannot be ignored. When infill panels is not arranged reasonably, it is easy to cause the stiffness imbalance of the structure and the relevant failure of the frame column, thereby causing the collapse of the structure, and some seismic measures are proposed.
The Effect of Heavy Loads and Cable Breakage on the Line Shape of Main Girders of One-Tower Cable-Stayed Bridges
Authors: Chen Chaoying , Shen Yinjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo study the adverse vibrations of overloading and cable breakage, a single tower cable-stayed bridge model was established using finite element software ANSYS. The fracture effects of cables at different positions were simulated, and the overall linear changes of the bridge before and after fracture were analyzed. Equivalent vehicle loads were applied to obtain the influence of the most unfavorable fracture on the main beam line shape when the load was distributed at the most unfavorable position. The analysis results show that the impact of cable breakage varies at different positions. Cable breakage at locations with higher cable forces and bending moments will cause more significant vibration in the main beam, resulting in more significant changes in the main beam line shape. It is only when the three cables break that the displacement exceeds the allowable value in the specifications.
Numerical Simulation Study on the Effect of Height to Width Ratio on the Force and Deformation of Netting
Authors: Yang Liulin , Wang Zhaocai , Chu Zhenhan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, based on the basic principle of finite element, the structure of metal mesh is simulated by beam unit in ABAQUS software, the contact parts of mesh are simulated by adding connection unit, and the calculation is carried out after adding steady-state oceanic flow characteristics by ABAQUS/Aqua module, and the mathematical model is verified by citing the experimental results of previous people. On this basis, the total area of the mesh and the flow velocity are guaranteed to be constant, and the height and width of the mesh are changed to analyze the overall mesh, the change law of the long and short sides of the stress and the deformation of the mesh. The results of the numerical simulation show that the total force of the mesh remains unchanged under each working condition; the force of the mesh is mainly transferred along the short side in the uniform incoming flow; the maximum deformation of the mesh is positively related to the mesh height and width ratio under the same flow velocity.
Simulation Research on Emergency Evacuation of Subway Station Based on Latent Class Model
Authors: Cao Zhen , Tang Chenggong , Wang Yuping , Geng Juan , Tian Zhun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn order to deeply study the influence of pedestrian psychological behavior on route choice in the emergency evacuation process of subway stations, and quantify the influence of pedestrian psychological heterogeneity on evacuation efficiency, this study establishes an emergency evacuation simulation model based on latent class model to describe the decision-making behavior of pedestrians. Firstly, the stated preference and revealed preference (SP&RP) survey method is used to investigate the psychological behavior of pedestrian groups and the behavior selection mode under different scenarios, and the latent class analysis (LCA) model is established to obtain the latent categories of pedestrians. Then, with the path length in the SP survey as the dependent variable, the distribution probability is obtained by using ordered multiple logistic regression. Finally, the evacuation environment is established in Anylogic for simulation and compared with the questionnaire results. The results show that the LCA model is in good agreement with the real observed values, and can better reflect the path choice behavior of evacuees in reality. There are differences in the influence degree of people with different psychological characteristics on evacuation efficiency. The calm type has the greatest influence on evacuation efficiency, followed by the autonomous type, and the influence of the mass type on evacuation efficiency can be ignored.
FgVAC1 is an Essential Gene Required for Golgi-to-Vacuole Transport and Fungal Development in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Kim Sieun , Park Jiyeun , Han You-Kyoung , Son Hokyoung 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen that causes head blight in cereal crops such as wheat, barley, and rice worldwide. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized FgVAC1, an essential gene in F. graminearum that encodes a Rab5 effector involved in membrane tethering functions. The essentiality of FgVAC1 was confirmed through a conditional promoter replacement strategy using the zearalenone-inducible promoter (PZEAR). Cytological analyses revealed that FgVac1 colocalizes with FgRab51 on early endosomes and regulates the proper transport of the vacuolar hydrolase FgCpy1 to the vacuole. Suppression of FgVAC1 led to inhibited vegetative growth, reduced asexual and sexual reproduction, decreased deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis, and diminished pathogenicity. Our findings highlight the significant role of FgVac1 in vacuolar protein sorting, fungal development, and plant infection in F. graminearum.
Catalytic coal gasification: mechanism, kinetics, and reactor model
Authors: Li Weiwei , Wang Chen , Yu Zhongliang , Song Yuncai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCatalytic coal gasification is a promising technology in the field of clean coal utilization. A comprehensive understanding of mechanisms, reaction kinetic, and reactor model is crucial. This article summarizes and analyzes the catalytic mechanisms of key reactions, such as C–O2, C–CO2, C–H2O, and CO–H2. It also compares various kinetic models, including shrinking core model, random pore model, volume model and their respective modifications. Additionally, the article delves into mathematical modellings of catalytic coal gasification, encompassing molecular models or density functional theory, empirical model, computational fluid dynamics, Aspen modeling, and artificial neural network. The aim is to provide a roadmap for the development and scale up of reactors used in catalytic coal gasification.
Plant-mediated green route to the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: in vitro antibacterial potential
Authors: Takcı Deniz Kadir , Ozdenefe Melis Sumengen , Huner Tahsin , Takcı Hatice Aysun Mercimek 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe plant-mediated, sustainable, facile, eco-friendly, and simple green approaches for the fabrication of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have recently attracted the ever-increasing attention of the scientific community. To date, there has not been any research on green synthesis of ZnO-NPs by Piper guineense (Uziza) seeds widely used as a therapeutic agent is the novelty of the current study. The bioaugmented ZnO-NPs have been manufactured by Uziza seed extract using zinc acetate dihydrate as the precursor and sodium hydroxide with calcination. The hexagonal/spherical crystalline structure at high purely with a mean size of 7.39 nm was confirmed via XRD and SEM analyses of ZnO-NPs. A strong absorption peak at about 350 nm, specific for ZnO-NPs, was observed by a UV-visible spectrometer. The optical bandgap of ZnO-NPs was estimated as about 3.58 eV by the Kubelka-Munk formula. FTIR findings indicated the presence of biofunctional groups responsible for the bioreduction of bulk zinc acetate to ZnO-NPs. The growth rates of E. coli (ATCC 25,922) significantly decreased with ZnO-NPs exhibited compared to the controls. This is making ZnO-NPs promising effective candidates for medical sectors and environmental applications. This current study is hoped to supply a better understanding of the phytosynthesis of ZnO-NPs and promote the advance of green approaches based on plants.
New perspectives on arteriosclerosis treatment using nanoparticles and mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Farokhi Simin , Razavi Zahra-Sadat , Mavaei Maryamosadat , Shadab Alireza , Afkhami Hamed , Sardarabadi Hadi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractArteriosclerosis (AS) presents a significant global health challenge, demanding innovative therapeutic strategies. This review explores the potential of nanoparticles (NPs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as promising modalities for treating AS. NPs enable targeted drug delivery, while MSCs possess immunomodulatory and regenerative capabilities. We discuss recent advances in NP-based drug delivery systems tailored for AS treatment and highlight MSCs’ roles in modulating inflammation and promoting vascular repair. Additionally, we examine the synergistic effects of combining NPs and MSCs for enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, this paper provides insights into targeting endothelial cells, T-cells, macrophages, lipid levels, and plaques in AS using MSCs. It also reviews various types of metal-based and non-metallic NPs utilized in AS therapy. This comprehensive overview underscores the potential synergies between MSCs and NPs in cardiovascular disease therapy, emphasizing the need for further research to fully realize their therapeutic implications.
Graphical Abstract
Learning quality, its inequality and sustainable development: evidence from global learning data
Authors: Piao Xiangdan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen studies investigate the impact of average schooling or learning scores on economic development, they rarely focus on the effect of inequality in learning quality on economic development. Human capital is defined as inclusive sources combining citizens’ knowledge and treatment skills. This study uses global learning data to investigate a novel effect of the inequality of reading, math, and science learning scores on economic development and energy selection based on links between and within countries. We found that reducing learning outcome inequality among secondary students is crucial for improving economic development from both short-term and long-term perspectives. Moreover, the positive association between students' learning quality and economic development is confirmed. Compared to the within-country effect, the greater between-country effect of the relationship between learning quality and economic development is confirmed, showing that expectations of the between-country effect might overestimate the favorable effect of education on economic development. On the contrary, the findings show that population learning inequality is less likely to affect national attitudes toward nuclear electricity generation or renewable energy adoption. The insightful policy implications suggest that policy makers should consider reducing learning outcome inequality among students and improving the within-country relationship between education and economic development.
Contributions to the knowledge of the geohydraulic model and geothermal potential of the São Vicente Medical Spa aquifer system (Central Portugal)
Authors: Ferreira-Gomes L. M. , Santos-Alves J. F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSão Vicente Medical Spa is located in mainland Portugal (Southwest Europe) and has been using thermal waters for therapeutic purposes for a long time. The Romans were known to have used its sulphureous waters around 2000 years ago. The spa has a Roman bathhouse that is still visible today, and its ruins were discovered during recent excavations. In this work are presented some elements of the Roman baths, the current baths, as well as the main aspects of the thermal park, with the location of the sulphureous water abstractions, including the classic thermal spring, which discharges water at a temperature of 18.6 ºC. The geomorphological, geological, and hydrogeological aspects are outlined, giving particular attention to the water chemistry of the various abstractions to develop multiple applications of geothermometers to contribute to the knowledge of the geohydraulic model at depth and the geothermal potential of the aquifer system. The conclusions are drawn from a conceptual model, including the reservoir depth, which, according to various scenarios, will be between 3 km and 8 km, in a favorable situation, respectively, to reach groundwater with temperatures between 112 ºC and 118 ºC. Finally, some remarks are made about the location of the new groundwater abstraction and the depth to be reached to increase the exploitation flows and their temperature. Lastly, it outlined new studies to improve the current geohydraulic model and to investigate its relationship with the deep aquifer systems in its neighborhood, namely the Entre-os-Rios hydromineral system.
Transforming waste into innovation: a review of plastic bricks as sustainable construction materials
Authors: Yadav Kundan , Singh Abhinandan , Bhat Ovais Nazir , Sharma R. L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlastic waste has become a pressing global issue, posing significant environmental challenges. As the construction industry continues to grow, there is a growing need for sustainable construction materials that can address this problem. This review paper focuses on the transformation of waste into innovation by exploring the use of plastic bricks as sustainable construction materials. The paper examines the manufacturing processes, properties, environmental benefits, challenges, case studies, and future research directions associated with plastic bricks. It highlights the potential of plastic bricks to reduce plastic waste, carbon emissions, and resource consumption. Additionally, the review addresses the challenges related to structural integrity, long-term durability, regulatory compliance, and public perception. Case studies showcase successful implementations of plastic bricks in construction projects, emphasizing their innovative design possibilities, cost-effectiveness, economic feasibility, and notable structural strength. These case studies illustrate that plastic bricks can achieve the necessary strength for construction applications, making them a viable alternative to traditional materials. The paper also discusses the environmental impact and circular economy perspectives of plastic bricks, highlighting their recyclability, reusability, waste management implications, and contribution to circular economy initiatives. Finally, the review concludes with future research directions and recommendations, focusing on advancements in manufacturing techniques, enhanced performance and engineering properties, and long-term performance monitoring and assessment. This comprehensive review sheds light on the transformative potential of plastic bricks as sustainable construction materials and provides insights for addressing the global plastic waste problem.
Longitudinally reinforced recycled aggregate beams without transverse steel: a review
Authors: Abdulla Nwzad Abduljabar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConcrete recycling has gained a lot of attention recently in an effort to lessen the material's harmful effects on the environment. Using concrete from construction and demolition debris as a recycled aggregate in fresh concrete can help achieve sustainability in civil construction. For structural applications, a number of studies have used coarse recycled material in concrete beams. The focus of this review is on studies that looked at the shear behavior of concrete beams made from recycled aggregate without shear reinforcement. A number of parameters linked to the mechanical properties and structural behavior of recycled aggregate concrete are evaluated based on experimental and numerical results. Computational methods adopted for shear capacity of recycled concrete beams without stirrups were also assessed. The current study offers fresh perspectives in this area of study, which helps to encourage the responsible usage of recycled aggregate in civil engineering applications.
Spin-filtering properties of topological structures based on stanene and bismuthene nanoribbons with one edge magnetism
Authors: Akhoundi Elaheh , Houssa Michel , Afzalian Aryan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe transport properties of spin filters based on two-dimensional magnetic topological insulators (TI) with magnetism at one edge are theoretically studied. The non-equilibrium-Green’s-function (NEGF) formalism based on density functional theory (DFT) derived Hamiltonian is used to study the one-way helical edge states in these structures. We investigated the electronic and magnetic properties of stanene and bismuthene nanoribbons with various metal edge modifications. Our DFT simulations predict the formation of one-way helical edge states in stanene nanoribbons with asymmetric edge passivation. Our results suggest that the spin filtering properties of such structures outperform a comparable spin filter based on spin-polarized quantum-anomalous-Hall effect, as it bypasses a need for a strict interplay of magnetism, topology, and a large electric field (around 2 V gate voltage difference).