bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated socio-demographic factors among recruits during military training
Authors: Zubair Usama Bin , Mansoor S , Rana M H 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundMilitary training is a stressful and unusual event. It may predispose individuals towards mental health problems. The stress of military training has been shown to result in depressive symptoms that can potentially influence the combat ability of a soldier. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among recruits during military training in Northern Pakistan and analyse the associated socio-demographic factors.Subjects and methodThe study was carried out at the Mujahid Force Center, Bhimber, in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) in the North of Pakistan. This is one of the training institutes of the Pakistan Army. The sample population comprised of 313 adult men undergoing military training at Bhimber AJK. General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) was used to screen for any psychiatric illness, and those with a score >4 were administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to record the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. Age, service type (general duty soldier, cook or clerk), education, level of family income, marital status, tobacco smoking, use of naswar (tobacco based substance), worrying about future and social support status were correlated with depressive symptoms to evaluate the association of these factors with depression in the study population.ResultsOut of 313 recruits screened with GHQ-12, 232 were found to have a score of 4 or more as an indicator of the presence of psychiatric morbidity, and had the BDI administered. Of these 232 recruits, 31.5% had no depressive symptoms, 41.4% had mild, 17.7% had moderate and 9.5% had severe depressive symptoms. With logistic regression, we found significant correlation among depressive symptoms and level of family income, worrying about future and lack of social support.ConclusionsPrevalence of depressive symptoms was high among recruits. Special attention should be paid to recruits from low socioeconomic background and those who lack social support and who worry about the future.
AN ALGORITHMIC FRAMEWORK FOR SOLVING GEOMETRIC COVERING PROBLEMS — WITH APPLICATIONS
Authors: GHASEMI TAHA , GHASEMALIZADEH HOSSEIN , RAZZAZI MOHAMMADREZA 
Published: August 2014

In geometric covering problems, the aim is to cover a set of given points using a minimum number of shapes with prescribed properties. These problems extend in many ways such as covering in the presence of obstacles and partial covering. Since in most cases these problems are NP-hard, researchers have developed a large number of approximation algorithms to solve them. In this paper, with a more general view on these approaches, we propose an algorithmic framework that gives an approximation algorithm for the covering problem at hand, provided that its prerequisites are satisfied. As the result, we present a general class of geometric covering problems for which one can obtain polynomial-time approximation schemes (PTASs). This class of problems involves covering point sets with bounded shapes in a space with fixed dimension. For a problem to be in this class, it must be possible to find a polynomial number of maximal shapes and it must be possible to cover all the points in a small box with a small number of shapes. Using this framework, we present two new PTASs for the problems of covering with disks in the presence of polygonal obstacles and covering with sectors (pie-shaped wedges). The first problem has never been addressed before and for the second problem, only a logarithmic approximation algorithm was known in general and a 9-approximation algorithm for wide angles.
Road-RFSense: A Practical RF Sensing--Based Road Traffic Estimation System for Developing Regions
Authors: Sen Rijurekha , Maurya Abhinav , Raman Bhaskaran , Mehta Rupesh , Kalyanaraman Ramkrishnan , Singh Amarjeet 
Published: August 2014

An unprecedented rate of growth in the number of vehicles has resulted in acute road congestion problems worldwide, especially in many developing countries. In this article, we present Road-RFSense, a practical RF sensing--based road traffic estimation system for developing regions. Our first contribution is a new mechanism to sense road occupancy, based on variation in RF link characteristics, when line of sight between a transmitter-receiver pair is obstructed. We design algorithms to classify traffic states into two classes, free-flow versus congested, at timescales of 20 seconds with greater than 90% accuracy.
We also present a traffic queue length measurement system, where a network of RF sensors can correlate the traffic state classification decisions of individual sensors and detect traffic queue length in real time. Deployment of our system on a Mumbai road gives correct estimates, validated against 9 hours of image-based ground truth. Our third contribution is a large-scale data-driven study, in collaboration with city traffic authorities, to answer questions regarding road-specific classification model training. Finally, we explore multilevel classification into seven different traffic states using a larger set of RF-based features and careful choice of classification algorithms.
An Evaluation of High-Level Mechanistic Core Models
Authors: Carlson Trevor E. , Heirman Wim , Eyerman Stijn , Hur Ibrahim , Eeckhout Lieven 
Published: August 2014

Large core counts and complex cache hierarchies are increasing the burden placed on commonly used simulation and modeling techniques. Although analytical models provide fast results, they do not apply to complex, many-core shared-memory systems. In contrast, detailed cycle-level simulation can be accurate but also tends to be slow, which limits the number of configurations that can be evaluated. A middle ground is needed that provides for fast simulation of complex many-core processors while still providing accurate results.
In this article, we explore, analyze, and compare the accuracy and simulation speed of high-abstraction core models as a potential solution to slow cycle-level simulation. We describe a number of enhancements to interval simulation to improve its accuracy while maintaining simulation speed. In addition, we introduce the instruction-window centric (IW-centric) core model, a new mechanistic core model that bridges the gap between interval simulation and cycle-accurate simulation by enabling high-speed simulations with higher levels of detail. We also show that using accurate core models like these are important for memory subsystem studies, and that simple, naive models, like a one-IPC core model, can lead to misleading and incorrect results and conclusions in practical design studies. Validation against real hardware shows good accuracy, with an average single-core error of 11.1% and a maximum of 18.8% for the IW-centric model with a 1.5× slowdown compared to interval simulation.
Beyond DNA Repair: DNA-PK Function in Cancer
Authors: Goodwin Jonathan F. , Knudsen Karen E. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a pivotal component of the DNA repair machinery that governs the response to DNA damage, serving to maintain genome integrity. However, the DNA-PK kinase component was initially isolated with transcriptional complexes, and recent findings have illuminated the impact of DNA-PK–mediated transcriptional regulation on tumor progression and therapeutic response. DNA-PK expression has also been correlated with poor outcome in selected tumor types, further underscoring the importance of understanding its role in disease. Herein, the molecular and cellular consequences of DNA-PK are considered, with an eye toward discerning the rationale for therapeutic targeting of DNA-PK.
Significance: Although DNA-PK is classically considered a component of damage response, recent findings illuminate damage-independent functions of DNA-PK that affect multiple tumor-associated pathways and provide a rationale for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Cancer Discov; 4(10); 1126–39. ©2014 AACR.
Intravenous Injection of MVA Virus Targets CD8+ Lymphocytes to Tumors to Control Tumor Growth upon Combinatorial Treatment with a TLR9 Agonist
Authors: Fend Laetitia , Gatard-Scheikl Tanja , Kintz Jacqueline , Gantzer Murielle , Schaedler Emmanuelle , Rittner Karola , Cochin Sandrine , Fournel Sylvie , Préville Xavier 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Effector T-cell access to tumor tissue is a limiting step for clinical efficacy of antigen-specific T cell–based immunotherapies. Ectopic mouse tumor models, in which a subcutaneously (s.c.) implanted tumor is treated with s.c. or intramuscular therapeutic immunization, may not be optimal for targeting effector T cells to an organ-borne tumor. We used an orthotopic renal carcinoma model to evaluate the impact of injection routes on therapeutic efficacy of a Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara viral vector expressing the human mucin 1 tumor–associated xeno-antigen (MVA-MUC1). We show that intravenous (i.v.) administration of MVA-MUC1 displayed enhanced efficacy when compared with s.c. injection. Therapeutic efficacy of MVA-MUC1 was further enhanced by i.v. injection of a TLR9 agonist. In all cases, infiltration of tumor-bearing kidney by CD8+ lymphocytes was associated with control of tumor growth. Biodistribution experiments indicate that, following i.v. injection, MVA-encoded antigens are quickly expressed in visceral organs and, in particular, in splenic antigen-presenting cells, compared with those following s.c. injection. This appears to result in a faster generation of MUC1-specific CD8+ T cells. Lymphocytes infiltrating tumor-bearing kidneys are characterized by an effector memory phenotype and express PD-1 and Tim3 immune checkpoint molecules. Therapeutic efficacy was associated with a modification of the tumor microenvironment toward a Th1-type immune response and recruitment of activated lymphocytes. This study supports the clinical evaluation of MVA-based immunotherapies via the i.v. route. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(12); 1163–74. ©2014 AACR.
Platelets Are Highly Activated in Patients of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Yaoita Nobuhiro , Shirakawa Ryutaro , Fukumoto Yoshihiro , Sugimura Koichiro , Miyata Satoshi , Miura Yutaka , Nochioka Kotaro , Miura Masanobu , Tatebe Shunsuke , Aoki Tatsuo , Yamamoto Saori , Satoh Kimio , Kimura Tomohiro , Shimokawa Hiroaki , Horiuchi Hisanori 
Published: August 2014

Objective—
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a fatal disease that is distinct from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Although CTEPH is characterized by obstruction of major pulmonary artery because of chronic thrombus, it remains unclear whether CTEPH is associated with prothrombotic condition.

Approach and Results—

In addition to conventional markers, GTP-bound levels of Rap1, RhoA, RalA, Rac1, and Ras in platelets, which are implicated for platelet activation, were measured in patients without pulmonary hypertension (non-PH, n=15), patients with PAH (n=19), and patients with CTEPH (n=25). Furthermore, the responsiveness to ex vivo thrombin stimulation was also evaluated. The ratios of the P-selectin positive platelets in the non-PH patients, patients with PAH, and patients with CTEPH were 1.40% (median and interquartile range, 0.83–1.82), 2.40% (1.80–3.39), and 2.63% (1.90–8.22), respectively (non-PH versus CTEPH,
P
<0.01). The activated GPIIb/IIIa-positive platelets were 6.01% (1.34–7.87), 11.39% (5.69–20.86), and 9.74% (7.83–24.01), respectively (non-PH versus CTEPH,
P
=0.01). GTP-bound RhoA was 1.79% (0.94–2.83), 4.03% (2.01–5.14), and 2.01% (1.22–2.48), respectively (non-PH versus PAH,
P
=0.04), and GTP-bound RalA was 1.58% (1.08–2.11), 3.02% (2.03–3.54), and 2.64% (1.42–4.28), respectively (non-PH versus PAH,
P
=0.023; non-PH versus CTEPH,
P
=0.048). In contrast, Rac1, Rap1, or Ras was not activated in any groups. The platelets of patients with CTEPH exhibited hyperresponsiveness to ex vivo thrombin stimulation compared with those of non-PH patients when evaluated for the surface markers. Either D-dimer or fibrin degradation product level was not increased in patients with CTEPH.

Conclusions—
These results provide the first direct evidence that platelets of patients with CTEPH are highly activated and exhibit hyperresponsiveness to thrombin stimulation.
Multiple Associated Variants Increase the Heritability Explained for Plasma Lipids and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Tada Hayato , Won Hong-Hee , Melander Olle , Yang Jian , Peloso Gina M. , Kathiresan Sekar 
Published: August 2014

Background—
Plasma lipid levels as well as coronary artery disease (CAD) have been shown to be highly heritable with estimates ranging from 40% to 60%. However, top variants detected by large-scale genome-wide association studies explain only a fraction of the total variance in plasma lipid phenotypes and CAD.

Methods and Results—

We performed a conditional and joint association analysis using summary-level statistics from 2 large genome-wide association meta-analyses: the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (GLGC) study, and the Coronary Artery Disease Genome-Wide Replication and Meta-Analysis (CARDIoGRAM) study. There were 100 184 individuals from 46 GLGC studies for plasma lipids, and 22 233 cases and 64 762 controls from 14 studies for CAD. We detected several loci where multiple independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with lipid traits within a locus (12 out of 33 loci for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 10 of 35 loci for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 13 of 44 loci for total cholesterol, and 8 of 28 loci for triglycerides), reaching genome-wide significance (
P
<5×10
−8
), nearly doubling the heritability explained by genome-wide association studies (from 3.6 to 7.6% for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, from 5.0 to 8.8% for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, from 5.5 to 8.8% for total cholesterol, and from 5.7 to 8.5% for triglycerides). Multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms were also associated with CAD (3 of 15 loci; an increase from 9.6% to 11.4% of heritability explained).

Conclusions—
These results demonstrate that a portion of the missing heritability for lipid traits and CAD can be explained by multiple variants at each locus.
Association of Fat Density With Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Authors: Alvey Nicholas J. , Pedley Alison , Rosenquist Klara J. , Massaro Joseph M. , O'Donnell Christopher J. , Hoffmann Udo , Fox Caroline S. 
Published: August 2014

Background

Ectopic fat density is associated with cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) risk factors above and beyond fat volume. Volumetric measures of ectopic fat have been associated with
CVD
risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between fat density and subclinical atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results

Participants were drawn from the Multi‐Detector Computed Tomography (
MDCT
) substudy of the Framingham Heart Study (n=3079; mean age, 50.1 years; 49.2% women). Fat density was indirectly estimated by computed tomography attenuation (Hounsfield Units [
HU
]) on abdominal scan slices. Visceral fat (
VAT
), subcutaneous fat (
SAT
), and pericardial fat
HU
and volumes were quantified using standard protocols; coronary and abdominal aortic calcium (
CAC
and
AAC
, respectively) were measured radiographically. Multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between adipose tissue
HU
and the presence of
CAC
and
AAC
. Overall, 17.1% of the participants had elevated
CAC
(Agatston score [
AS
]>100), and 23.3% had elevated
AAC
(
AS
>age‐/sex‐specific cutoffs). Per 5‐unit decrement in
VAT HU
, the odds ratio (
OR
) for elevated
CAC
was 0.76 (95% confidence interval [
CI],
0.65 to 0.89;
P
=0.0005), even after adjustment for body mass index or
VAT
volume. Results were similar for
SAT HU
. With decreasing
VAT HU
, we also observed an
OR
of 0.79 (95%
CI,
0.67 to 0.92;
P
=0.004) for elevated
AAC
after multivariable adjustment. We found no significant associations between
SAT HU
and
AAC
. There was no significant association between pericardial fat
HU
and either
CAC
or
AAC
.

Conclusions

Lower
VAT
and
SAT HU
, indirect estimates of fat quality, are associated with a lower risk of subclinical atherosclerosis.
Morphological, Hemodynamic, and Clinical Independent Risk Factors for Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Kaspera Wojciech , Ładziński Piotr , Larysz Patrycja , Hebda Anna , Ptaszkiewicz Krzysztof , Kopera Marek , Larysz Dawid 
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—
The pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysms still raises some controversies. The aim of this study was to identify morphological, hemodynamic, and clinical independent risk factors for anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm development.

Methods—

Computed tomography angiography and transcranial color-coded sonography were performed in 77 patients with a nonbleeding ACoA aneurysm and in 73 controls. Symmetry of A1 segments of the anterior cerebral arteries, angles between A1 and A2 segments, tortuosity, diameter, mean velocity (
V
m
), pulsatility index, and volume flow rate in both A1 segments were determined. Moreover, all study participants completed a survey on their medical history. Multivariate backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for ACoA aneurysm development.

Results—

Smoking, hypertension, asymmetry of A1 segments, the angle between A1 and A2 segments, A1 segment diameter,
V
m
, pulsatility index, and volume flow rate turned out to be associated with the occurrence of ACoA aneurysms on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis identified smoking (odds ratio, 2.036; 95% confidence interval, 1.277–3.245), asymmetry of A1 segments >40% (odds ratio, 2.524; 95% confidence interval, 1.275–4.996), pulsatility index (odds ratio, 0.004; 95% confidence interval, 0.000–0.124), and the angle between A1 and A2 segments ≤100° (odds ratio, 4.665; 95% confidence interval, 2.247–9.687) as independent strong risk factors for ACoA aneurysm development.

Conclusions—
The risk of ACoA aneurysm formation is determined by several independent clinical, morphological, and hemodynamic factors. The strongest independent risk factors include smoking, asymmetry of A1 segments >40%, low blood flow pulsatility, and the angle between A1 and A2 segments ≤100°.
White Matter Lesions Are Associated With Hospital Admissions Because of Hip-Fractures and Trauma After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sibolt Gerli , Curtze Sami , Melkas Susanna , Pohjasvaara Tarja , Kaste Markku , Karhunen Pekka J. , Oksala Niku K.J. , Strandberg Timo , Erkinjuntti Timo 
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—
Cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs), a surrogate for cerebral small-vessel disease, have been shown to be associated with decreasing mobility, gait instability, and falls. The aim of this study was to investigate whether WMLs of the brain are associated with increased incidence of hospital admissions because of any trauma and hip-fractures in a cohort of patients with stroke.

Methods—
We included 383 consecutive patients aged 55 to 85 years with ischemic stroke admitted to the Helsinki University Central Hospital (The Stroke Aging Memory cohort) with a 12-year follow-up. National register data were reviewed for hip-fractures, other traumatic injuries, survival data, and causes of death. WMLs were rated using MRI and dichotomized as none to mild and moderate to severe. The data were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier plots (log-rank) and a complex Cox multivariable hazards models for multiple cases per subject to assess hazard ratios with their 95% confidence intervals.

Results—

During the 12-year follow-up, there were more hip-fractures (13.5% versus 6.5%; log-rank,
P
=0.01) and more hospital admissions because of traumatic injury (22.2% versus 16.7%; log-rank,
P
=0.04) in the moderate-to-severe than in the none-to-mild WMLs group. In the complex samples, Cox multivariable model adjusting for age, sex, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, infarct size, and poststroke dementia, moderate-to-severe WMLs were associated with increased incidences of hospital admissions because of hip-fractures (hazard ratio, 3.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.55–10.21) and traumatic injuries including hip-fractures (hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–2.87).

Conclusions—
Patients with ischemic stroke and moderate-to-severe WMLs are at high risk, who experience serious traumatic injuries and especially hip-fractures requiring hospital treatment.
Neural Entrainment to the Rhythmic Structure of Music
Authors: Tierney Adam , Kraus Nina 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The neural resonance theory of musical meter explains musical beat tracking as the result of entrainment of neural oscillations to the beat frequency and its higher harmonics. This theory has gained empirical support from experiments using simple, abstract stimuli. However, to date there has been no empirical evidence for a role of neural entrainment in the perception of the beat of ecologically valid music. Here we presented participants with a single pop song with a superimposed bassoon sound. This stimulus was either lined up with the beat of the music or shifted away from the beat by 25% of the average interbeat interval. Both conditions elicited a neural response at the beat frequency. However, although the on-the-beat condition elicited a clear response at the first harmonic of the beat, this frequency was absent in the neural response to the off-the-beat condition. These results support a role for neural entrainment in tracking the metrical structure of real music and show that neural meter tracking can be disrupted by the presentation of contradictory rhythmic cues.
Voice Identity Recognition: Functional Division of the Right STS and Its Behavioral Relevance
Authors: Schall Sonja , Kiebel Stefan J. , Maess Burkhard , von Kriegstein Katharina 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The human voice is the primary carrier of speech but also a fingerprint for person identity. Previous neuroimaging studies have revealed that speech and identity recognition is accomplished by partially different neural pathways, despite the perceptual unity of the vocal sound. Importantly, the right STS has been implicated in voice processing, with different contributions of its posterior and anterior parts. However, the time point at which vocal and speech processing diverge is currently unknown. Also, the exact role of the right STS during voice processing is so far unclear because its behavioral relevance has not yet been established. Here, we used the high temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography and a speech task control to pinpoint transient behavioral correlates: we found, at 200 msec after stimulus onset, that activity in right anterior STS predicted behavioral voice recognition performance. At the same time point, the posterior right STS showed increased activity during voice identity recognition in contrast to speech recognition whereas the left mid STS showed the reverse pattern. In contrast to the highly speech-sensitive left STS, the current results highlight the right STS as a key area for voice identity recognition and show that its anatomical-functional division emerges around 200 msec after stimulus onset. We suggest that this time point marks the speech-independent processing of vocal sounds in the posterior STS and their successful mapping to vocal identities in the anterior STS.