bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological Medicine in Bart’s: improving access and awareness
Authors: Pavlidou Areti 
Published: April 2015

AbstractProviding good quality psychiatric services to patients who attend general hospital has been an area that has attracted a lot of interest.(1)(2) We know that more than one quarter of general hospital patients have a mental disorder, mental ill health impedes recovery from physical illness, and mental disorders are often unrecognised in patients with physical illness. By improving the quality of our service we hope that we can achieve better integration with the medical teams and thus tackle the aforementioned problems.(3)(4) In our trust, relevant work has been completed by the clinical health psychology team in Cardiac Rehabilitation wards.Our liaison team provides psychiatric assessment and treatment to inpatients at St Bartholomew's hospital that have been referred to us by our medical colleagues. We first observed that not all the medical teams are fully aware of the referral process and that they were keen on having training sessions and further education on the area of psychological medicine. Another area that we focused on during this process was making sure that we maintained quality of service provision while our service was in transition due to relocation.Ward based information sessions and meetings were held. An introductory session to psychiatry was also provided on medical induction. Information leaflets with referral process and contact numbers were produced for staff at ward level and for administrative support . A liaison psychiatry pathway was created to incorporate the changes that occurred after the relocation of our service. Following these interventions there was significant improvement among the staff in recognising and referring patients with psychiatric issues through the use of liaison psychiatry pathway. There was also increase in satisfaction amongst staff.Education improves understanding and awareness of mental illness and a care pathway focuses attention on this area, improving patient safety and quality of care.(5)(6)
When is the set of embeddings finite up to isotopy?
Authors: Skopenkov Mikhail 
Published: April 2015

Given a manifold N and a number m, we study the following question: is the set of isotopy classes of embeddingsN → Smfinite? In case when the manifold N is a sphere the answer was given by A. Haefliger in 1966. In case when the manifold N is a disjoint union of spheres the answer was given by D. Crowley, S. Ferry and the author in 2011. We consider the next natural case when N is a product of two spheres. In the following theorem, FCS (i, j) ⊂ ℤ2 is a specific set depending only on the parity of i and j which is defined in the paper. Theorem.Assume thatm > 2p + q + 2andm < p + 3q/2 + 2. Then the set of isotopy classes ofC1-smooth embeddingsSp × Sq → Smis infinite if and only if eitherq + 1orp + q + 1is divisible by 4, or there exists a point(x, y)in the set FCS (m - p - q, m - q)such that(m - p - q - 2)x + (m - q - 2)y = m - 3. Our approach is based on a group structure on the set of embeddings and a new exact sequence, which in some sense reduces the classification of embeddings Sp × Sq → Sm to the classification of embeddings Sp+q ⊔ Sq → Sm and Dp × Sq → Sm. The latter classification problems are reduced to homotopy ones, which are solved rationally.
A matrix model for QCD
Authors: Balachandran A. P. , Vaidya Sachindeo , de Queiroz Amilcar R. 
Published: April 2015

Gribov's observation that global gauge fixing is impossible has led to suggestions that there may be a deep connection between gauge fixing and confinement. We find an unexpected relation between the topological nontriviality of the gauge bundle and colored states in SU (N) Yang–Mills theory, and show that such states are necessarily impure. We approximate QCD by a rectangular matrix model that captures the essential topological features of the gauge bundle, and demonstrate the impure nature of colored states explicitly. Our matrix model also allows the inclusion of the QCD θ-term, as well as to perform explicit computations of low-lying glueball masses. This mass spectrum is gapped. Since an impure state cannot evolve to a pure one by a unitary transformation, our result shows that the solution to the confinement problem in pure QCD is fundamentally quantum information-theoretic.
Recruitment of Oligoclonal Viral-Specific T cells to Kill Human Tumor Cells Using Single-Chain Antibody–Peptide–HLA Fusion Molecules
Authors: Noy Roy , Haus-Cohen Maya , Oved Kfir , Voloshin Tali , Reiter Yoram 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTumor progression is often associated with the development of diverse immune escape mechanisms. One of the main tumor escape mechanism is HLA loss, in which human solid tumors exhibit alterations in HLA expression. Moreover, tumors that present immunogenic peptides via class I MHC molecules are not susceptible to CTL-mediated lysis, because of the relatively low potency of the tumor-specific CLTs. Here, we present a novel cancer immunotherapy approach that overcomes these problems by using the high affinity and specificity of antitumor antibodies to recruit potent antiviral memory CTLs to attack tumor cells. We constructed a recombinant molecule by genetic fusion of a cytomegalovirus (CMV)-derived peptide pp65 (NLVPMVATV) to scHLA-A2 molecules that were genetically fused to a single-chain Fv Ab fragment specific for the tumor cell surface antigen mesothelin. This fully covalent fusion molecule was expressed in E. coli as inclusion bodies and refolded in vitro. The fusion molecules could specifically bind mesothelin-expressing cells and mediate their lysis by NLVPMVATV-specific HLA-A2–restricted human CTLs. More importantly, these molecules exhibited very potent antitumor activity in vivo in a nude mouse model bearing preestablished human tumor xenografts that were adoptively transferred along with human memory CTLs. These results represent a novel and powerful approach to immunotherapy for solid tumors, as demonstrated by the ability of the CMV–scHLA-A2–SS1(scFv) fusion molecule to mediate specific and efficient recruitment of CMV-specific CTLs to kill tumor cells. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(6); 1327–35. ©2015 AACR.
On the Road to Precision Cancer Medicine: Analysis of Genomic Biomarker Actionability in 439 Patients
Authors: Schwaederle Maria , Daniels Gregory A. , Piccioni David E. , Fanta Paul T. , Schwab Richard B. , Shimabukuro Kelly A. , Parker Barbara A. , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Despite the increased use of molecular diagnostics, the extent to which patients who have these tests harbor potentially actionable aberrations is unclear. We retrospectively reviewed 439 patients with diverse cancers, for whom next-generation sequencing (mostly 236-gene panel) had been performed. Data pertaining to the molecular alterations identified, as well as associated treatment suggestions (on- or off-label, or experimental), were extracted from molecular diagnostic reports. Most patients (420/439; 96%) had at least one molecular alteration: 1,813 alterations (in 207 distinct genes) were identified [the majority being mutations (62%) or amplifications (29%)]. The three most common gene abnormalities were TP53 (44%), KRAS (16%), and PIK3CA (12%). The median number of alterations per patient was 3 (range, 0–16). Nineteen patients (4%) had no alterations; 48 patients (11%) had only one alteration; and 372 patients had two or more abnormalities (85%). The median number of potentially actionable anomalies per patient was 2 (range, 0–8). Most patients (393/439; 90%) had at least one potentially actionable alteration, and in all these cases the aberration could at least be targeted by an experimental drug in a clinical trial. A total of 307 patients (70%) had an alteration that was actionable with an approved drug, but in only 89 patients (20%) was the drug approved for their disease (on-label). Next-generation sequencing identified theoretically actionable aberrations in 90% of our patients. Many of the drugs are, however, experimental or would require off-label use. Strategies to address drug access for patients harboring potentially actionable mutations are needed. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(6); 1488–94. ©2015 AACR.
Quality of Anticoagulation Control in Preventing Adverse Events in Patients With Heart Failure in Sinus Rhythm
Authors: Homma Shunichi , Thompson John L.P. , Qian Min , Ye Siqin , Di Tullio Marco R. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Mann Douglas L. , Sacco Ralph L. , Levin Bruce , Pullicino Patrick M. , Freudenberger Ronald S. , Teerlink John R. , Graham Susan , Mohr J.P. , Labovitz Arthur J. , Buchsbaum Richard , Estol Conrado J. , Lok Dirk J. , Ponikowski Piotr , Anker Stefan D. 
Published: April 2015

Background—
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between time in the therapeutic range (TTR) and clinical outcomes in heart failure patients in sinus rhythm treated with warfarin.

Methods and Results—

We used data from the Warfarin versus Aspirin in Reduced Cardiac Ejection Fraction (WARCEF) trial to assess the relationship of TTR with the WARCEF primary outcome (ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or death), with death alone, ischemic stroke alone, major hemorrhage alone, and net clinical benefit (primary outcome and major hemorrhage combined). Multivariable Cox models were used to examine how the event risk changed with TTR and to compare the high TTR, low TTR, and aspirin-treated patients, with TTR being treated as a time-dependent covariate. A total of 2217 patients were included in the analyses; among whom 1067 were randomized to warfarin and 1150 were randomized to aspirin. The median (interquartile range) follow-up duration was 3.6 (2.0–5.0) years. Mean (±SD) age was 61±11.3 years, with 80% being men. The mean (±SD) TTR was 57% (±28.5%). Increasing TTR was significantly associated with reduction in primary outcome (adjusted
P
<0.001), death alone (adjusted
P
=0.001), and improved net clinical benefit (adjusted
P
<0.001). A similar trend was observed for the other 2 outcomes, but significance was not reached (adjusted
P
=0.082 for ischemic stroke and adjusted
P
=0.109 for major hemorrhage).

Conclusions—
In patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm, increasing TTR is associated with better outcome and improved net clinical benefit. Patients in whom good quality anticoagulation can be achieved may benefit from the use of anticoagulants.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00041938.
MicroRNA-155 Exerts Cell-Specific Antiangiogenic but Proarteriogenic Effects During Adaptive Neovascularization
Authors: Pankratz Franziska , Bemtgen Xavier , Zeiser Robert , Leonhardt Franziska , Kreuzaler Sheena , Hilgendorf Ingo , Smolka Christian , Helbing Thomas , Hoefer Imo , Esser Jennifer S. , Kustermann Max , Moser Martin , Bode Christoph , Grundmann Sebastian 
Published: April 2015

Background—
Adaptive neovascularization after arterial occlusion is an important compensatory mechanism in cardiovascular disease and includes both the remodeling of pre-existing vessels to collateral arteries (arteriogenesis) and angiogenic capillary growth. We now aimed to identify regulatory microRNAs involved in the modulation of neovascularization after femoral artery occlusion in mice.

Methods and Results—
Using microRNA-transcriptome analysis, we identified miR-155 as a downregulated microRNA during hindlimb ischemia. Correspondingly, inhibition of miR-155 in endothelial cells had a stimulatory effect on proliferation and angiogenic tube formation via derepression of its direct target gene angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Surprisingly, miR-155–deficient mice showed an unexpected phenotype in vivo, with a strong reduction of blood flow recovery after femoral artery ligation (arteriogenesis) dependent on the attenuation of leukocyte-endothelial interaction and a reduction of proarteriogenic cytokine expression. Consistently, miR-155–deficient macrophages exhibit a specific alteration of the proarteriogenic cytokine expression profile, which is partly mediated by the direct miR-155 target gene SOCS-1.

Conclusions—
Our data demonstrate that miR-155 exerts an antiangiogenic but proarteriogenic function in the regulation of neovascularization via the suppression of divergent cell-specific target genes and that its expression in both endothelial and bone marrow–derived cells is essential for arteriogenesis in response to hindlimb ischemia in mice.
What Is the Representation of the Moisture–Tropopause Relationship in CMIP5 Models?*
Authors: Wu Yutian , Pauluis Olivier 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A dynamical relationship that connects the extratropical tropopause potential temperature and the near-surface distribution of equivalent potential temperature was proposed in a previous study and was found to work successfully in capturing the annual cycle of the extratropical tropopause in reanalyses. This study extends the diagnosis of the moisture–tropopause relationship to an ensemble of CMIP5 models.
It is found that, in general, CMIP5 multimodel averages are able to produce the one-to-one moisture–tropopause relationship. However, a few biases are observed as compared to reanalyses. First of all, “cold biases” are seen at both the upper and lower levels of the troposphere, which are universal for all seasons, both hemispheres, and almost all CMIP5 models. This has been known as the “general coldness of climate models” since 1990 but the mechanisms remain elusive. It is shown that, for Northern Hemisphere annual averages, the upper- and lower-level “cold” biases are, in fact, correlated across CMIP5 models, which supports the dynamical linkage. Second, a large intermodel spread is found and nearly half of the models underestimate the annual cycle of the tropopause potential temperature as compared to that of the near-surface equivalent potential temperature fluctuation. This implies the incapability of the models to propagate the surface seasonal cycle to the upper levels. Finally, while reanalyses exhibit a pronounced asymmetry in tropopause potential temperature between the northern and southern summers, only a few CMIP5 models are able to capture this aspect of the seasonal cycle because of the too dry specific humidity in northern summer.
High-Resolution Raindrop Size Distribution Retrieval Based on the Doppler Spectrum in the Case of Slant Profiling Radar
Authors: Unal Christine 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDoppler spectra from vertically profiling radars are usually considered to retrieve the raindrop size distribution (DSD). However, to exploit both fall velocity spectrum and polarimetric measurements, Doppler spectra acquired in slant profiling mode should be explored. Rain DSD samples are obtained from simultaneously measured vertical and slant profile Doppler spectra and evaluated. In particular, the effect of the horizontal wind and the averaging time are investigated.The Doppler spectrum provides a way to retrieve the DSD, the radial wind, and a spectral broadening factor by means of a nonlinear optimization technique. For slant profiling of light rain when the horizontal wind is strong, the DSD results can be affected. Such an effect is demonstrated on a study case of stratiform light rain. Adding a wind profiler mode to the radar simultaneously supplies the horizontal wind and Doppler spectra. Before the retrieval procedure, the Doppler spectra are shifted in velocity to remove the mean horizontal wind contribution. The DSD results are considerably improved.Generally, averaged Doppler spectra are input into this type of algorithm. Instead, high-resolution, low-averaged Doppler spectra are chosen in order to take into account the small-scale variability of the rainfall. Investigating the linear relations at fixed median volume diameter, measured reflectivity-retrieved rainfall rate, for a slant beam, the consistency of the integrated parameters is established for two averaging periods. Nevertheless, the corresponding DSD parameter distributions reveal differences attributed to the averaging of the Doppler spectra.The new aspects are to obtain the same retrieval quality as vertically profiling and highly averaged spectra in an automated way.
Potential role of electrostimulation in augmentation of venous blood flow after total knee replacement: A pilot study
Authors: Yilmaz Seyhan , Calbiyik Murat , Yilmaz Behice Kaniye , Aksoy Eray 
Published: April 2015

Aim To investigate the potential role of a novel electrostimulation device in augmenting the femoral vein venous blood flow following total knee replacement surgery. Material and methods A total of 30 consecutive patients undergoing total knee replacement were allocated to receive either peroneal nerve electrostimulation plus low molecular weight heparin and below-knee compression stockings (Group 1, electrostimulation group, n = 15, mean age: 63.40 ± 5.91 years, male: female ratio 9:6) or low molecular weight heparin and below-knee compression stockings alone (Group 2, control group, n = 15, mean age: 63.86 ± 7.47 years, male: female ratio 8:7). Electrostimulation was performed for 1 h in every 4 h after the operation. Peak blood velocity in the femoral vein was evaluated with Duplex ultrasonongraphy in supine position. Presence of leg edema and calf diameter was also taken into consideration as outcome measures, which were recorded both before surgery and at the time of discharge from hospital. Results Postoperative peak blood flow velocity in the femoral vein was significantly higher in electrostimulation group compared to control group (17.46 ± 2.86 cm/s vs. 13.84 ± 3.58 cm/s, p < 0.02). Electrostimulation group achieved a significant increase in peak blood flow velocity in the femoral vein after the operation (mean increase 67.48 ± 17.38%, p < 0.001). Conclusion Electrostimulation of the common peroneal nerve enhanced venous flow in the lower limb and may potentially be of use as a supplementary technique in deep venous prophylaxis following lower limb orthopedic operations.
Intensive Care Infection Score – A new approach to distinguish between infectious and noninfectious processes in intensive care and medicosurgical patients
Authors: Weimann Karin , Zimmermann Mathias , Spies Claudia D , Wernecke Klaus-Dieter , Vicherek Oldrich , Nachtigall Irit , Tafelski Sascha , Weimann Andreas 
Published: April 2015

Objectives Clinicians regularly encounter substantial time delays in diagnosing sepsis and administering appropriate antibiotic treatment. This study investigated the ability of the Intensive Care Infection Score (ICIS) to distinguish between infectious and noninfectious processes, and to assess the justified commencement of antibiotic therapy retrospectively, in line with hospital actual best practice and applied laboratory parameters. Methods Intensive-care unit (ICU) patients were enrolled in this retrospective, observational study. Clinical data and laboratory parameters were determined daily. The cohort was divided into infected and noninfected patient groups. Results Out of 172 ICU patients, including 72 postoperative patients, the predictive value for infection throughout the first 5 days in ‘all patients’ and the ‘postoperative patient’ group was highest for ICIS. An ICIS cut-off value of three could predict infection in postoperative patients with 82.9% sensitivity and 75.1% specificity. ICIS showed the lowest rate of potentially ‘falsely encouraged’ and ‘discouraged’ antibiotic therapies for noninfected and for septic postoperative patients, respectively, compared with C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and white blood cell levels. Conclusions In the ICU, particularly for postoperative patients, ICIS is a reliable marker for the timely identification of infection. ICIS may qualify as a new decision support tool for antibiotic therapy, when interpreted within the clinical context.
From Lévi-Strauss to Wittgenstein: The Idea of ‘Imperfectionism’ in Anthropology
Authors: Remotti Francesco 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAccording to the author, the most important lesson of Claude Lévi-Strauss at the epistemological level is the interpretation of anthropology as a transversal knowledge: its innovative definition of structure goes in this direction. The failure of its structuralism is however due to a strong and intolerable reduction of the wealth of aspects and dimensions of the ethnographic experience and the purpose to predispose a frame of limited possibilities (closed system). The author proposes to rehabilitate the thesis of anthropology as a transversal (cross-cultural) knowledge resorting to Wittgenstein's idea of family resemblances: a flexible approach (open system) that fits the needs and characteristics of anthropological research.
Implicit and Explicit Linguistics
Authors: Silvestri Domenico 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this paper the affiliation of Lévi-Strauss with the functional structuralism of Trubetzkoy and Jakobson is defined as “explicit linguistics” and the consonance with the works of Franz Boas is also thrown into relief. As “implicit linguistics” is defined his accurate attention to lexical facts, in the case of questions of nomenclature and in particular of the terminology of kinship. As this regards, Lévi-Strauss perfectly captures not only the differences between linguistic systems and anthropological systems, but also their respective integration. In this way he comes to surmount the model itself of the functional structuralism of a certain linguistics which is too predictive. Finally, in homage to the great scholar, two examples are proposed of the integration of linguistics “without adjectives” and anthropology “without adjectives” in relation to the etymology of gr. anthropos, seen from the point of view of a specific sociolinguistic hierarchy and within the frame of the Indo-Mediterranea area, and of the Indo-European name of the woman of marriageable age (gr. gyné) seen in the perspective of the innovative conditions of exogamous marriage.
The Prophet of Anthropology
Authors: Niola Marino 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNo anthropologist has been as influential outside the own discipline as Lévi-Strauss. From philosophy to history, from politics to literary criticism, from linguistics to sociology, from psychoanalysis to poetry, from art to contemporary music, the œuvre of the author of Tristes Tropiques has fallen on these fields like a beneficial rain, giving them new life. Such a great influence has several reasons. The design of a wide-ranging anthropological project, its philosophical implications, an immense and precious erudition which allows to build connections between the most different fields of humanistic and scientific knowledge, and lastly a great writing, rich of literary vibrations. All the great questions of the present, from the world's overpopulation to cultural relativism, from the resurgence of the myth to the return of localisms, from the war of the veil to genetic manipulations, all subjects appear in the œuvre of Lévi-Strauss, always in a provocative and anticipatory formulation which represents the precious heritage of the last of the classics.
Effect of Fertility on Female Labour Force Participation in the United Kingdom
Authors: Ukil Patralekha 
Published: April 2015

This article aims to estimate the causal effect of fertility on the labour force participation of British women. In order to account for the possible endogeneity of fertility variables, the sex composition of the two previous children of a mother has been used as an instrument for fertility. The Two-stage Residual Inclusion (2SRI) estimation method is used on a relatively new British data set—‘Understanding Society’. The results suggest that fertility is indeed endogenous to the labour force participation decisions of women in the sample, and that not accounting for the endogeneity of the fertility variable leads to an exaggeration of the negative effect of fertility on female labour force participation. Important policy recommendations are drawn from the results. JEL Classification: J13, J22