bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re–Os and U–Pb Geochronology of Porphyry and Skarn Types Copper Deposits in Jilin Province, NE China
Authors: Zhang Yong , Xing Shu–Wen , Song Quan–Heng , Wang Yan , Yu Zheng–Tao , Du Xiao–Hui , Ma Yu–Bo , Zhang Zeng–Jie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractJilin Province in NE China lies on the eastern edge of the Xing–Meng Orogenic Belt. Mineral exploration in this area has resulted in the discovery of numerous large, medium, and small sized Cu, Mo, Au, and Co deposits. To better understand the formation and distribution of both the porphyry and skarn types Cu deposits of the region, we examined the geological characteristics of the deposits and applied zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os isotope dating to constrain the age of the mineralization. The Binghugou Cu deposit yields a zircon U–Pb age for quartz diorite of 128.1 ± 1.6 Ma; the Chang'anpu Cu deposit yields a zircon U–Pb age for granite porphyry of 117.0 ± 1.4 Ma; the Ermi Cu deposit yields a zircon U–Pb age for granite porphyry of 96.8 ± 1.1 Ma; the Tongshan Cu deposit yields molybdenite Re–Os model ages of 128.7 to 130.2 Ma, an isochron age of 129.0 ± 1.6 Ma, and a weighted mean model age of 129.2 ± 0.7 Ma; and the Tianhexing Cu deposit yields molybdenite Re–Os model ages of 113.9 to 115.2 Ma, an isochron age of 114.7 ± 1.2 Ma, and a weighted mean model age of 114.7 ± 0.7 Ma. The new ages, combined with existing geochronology data, show that intense porphyry and skarn types Cu mineralization was coeval with Cretaceous magmatism. The geotectonic processes responsible for the genesis of the Cu mineralization were probably related to lithospheric thinning. By analyzing the accumulated molybdenite Re–Os, zircon U–Pb, and Ar–Ar ages for NE China, it is concluded that the Cu deposits formed during multiple events coinciding with periods of magmatic activity. We have identified five phases of mineralization: early Paleozoic (~476 Ma), late Paleozoic (286.5–273.6 Ma), early Mesozoic (~228.7 Ma), Jurassic (194.8–137.1 Ma), and Cretaceous (131.2–96.8 Ma). Although Cu deposits formed during each phase, most of the Cu mineralization occurred during the Cretaceous.
Novel method to leukoreduce murine blood for transfusion: how to reduce animal usage
Authors: Fischer Dania , Büssow Julian , Meybohm Patrick , Zacharowski Kai , Jennewein Carla 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDBasic research on the pathomechanisms of transfusion‐related adverse events depends on murine transfusion models, in which leukoreduction (LR) is a prevalent standard. The commonly used neonatal LR filter (LRF) is associated with considerable animal numbers. A more efficient method would help support the guiding principles of “replacement, reduction, refinement” (3Rs).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSBlood from C57BL/6 and C57BL/6‐Tg(UBC‐GFP)30Scha/J mice was leukoreduced using 1) a neonatal LRF, 2) a syringe LRF, or 3) CD45 microbeads. Product quality was assessed according to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards. White blood cell numbers were analyzed by flow cytometry; hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit were measured and in vivo posttransfusion recoveries were determined after 2 weeks of storage.RESULTSUsing the neonatal filter, a LR of 99.56% was achieved with wastage of 12.4 mL in comparison to 99.68% and 1‐mL hold‐up volume with the syringe filter and 99.11 ± 0.24% LR and 0.1‐mL wastage using microbeads. All techniques achieved FDA quality standards, apart from posttransfusion recovery rate, which was only reached by the microbeads‐based technique.CONCLUSIONLR with CD45 microbeads not only reduces animal usage but also provides a more efficacious method regarding posttransfusion red blood cell recovery and, hence, provides a promising alternative to commonly used methods.
Effects of oral administration of trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole on tear production in clinically normal guinea pigs
Authors: Asadi Faezeh , Rajaei Seyed Mehdi , Golabdar Salar 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of short‐term oral administration of trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole on tear production in clinically normal guinea pigs.Animal studiedThirty‐two healthy adult Abyssinian guinea pigs were used in this study.ProcedureOne day before the start of the trial, the pretreatment baseline phenol red thread test (PRTT) values were recorded. Sixteen guinea pigs in the treated group received 25 mg/kg trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole orally twice a day for 14 days. The other sixteen guinea pigs were used as untreated controls and received a placebo during the study. All the ophthalmic tests were performed without chemical restraint. PRTT values were evaluated in both eyes of all the guinea pigs using a commercial PRTT strip of a single lot number on days 0 (baseline), 15, and 21 after starting the trial.ResultsThe pretreatment baseline mean ± SD PRTT values for the treatment and control groups were 11.12 ± 3.82 mm/15 s and 11.93 ± 2.73 mm/15 s, respectively. After 14 days of drug administration, the mean ± SD PRTT values for the treatment and control groups were 10.87 ± 3.11 mm/15 s and 13.00 ± 2.47 mm/15 s, respectively. On Day 21, the mean ± SD PRTT values for the treatment and control groups were 12.62 ± 4.05 mm/15 s and 12.87 ± 2.99 mm/15 s, respectively. Significant decreases in the PRTT values, compared with the pretreatment baseline values, were not observed in the treatment group on Day 15 (P = 0.14) and Day 21 (P = 0.31).ConclusionsTrimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole did not decrease tear production in the guinea pigs in this study.
A shift in paradigm towards human biology‐based systems for cholestatic‐liver diseases
Authors: Noor Fozia 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCholestatic‐liver diseases (CLDs) arise from diverse causes ranging from genetic factors to drug‐induced cholestasis. The so‐called diseases of civilization (obesity, diabetes, metabolic disorders, non‐alcoholic liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, etc.) are intricately implicated in liver and gall bladder diseases. Although CLDs have been extensively studied, there seem to be important gaps in the understanding of human disease. Despite the fact that many animal models exist and substantial clinical data are available, translation of this knowledge towards therapy has been disappointingly limited. Recent advances in liver cell culture such as in vivo‐like 3D cultivation of human primary hepatic cells, human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived hepatocytes; and cutting‐edge analytical techniques such as ‘omics’ technologies and high‐content screenings could play a decisive role in deeper mechanistic understanding of CLDs. This Topical Review proposes a roadmap to human biology‐based research using omics technologies providing quantitative information on mechanisms in an adverse outcome/disease pathway framework. With modern sensitive tools, a shift in paradigm in human disease research seems timely and even inevitable to overcome species barriers in translation.
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Del cuerpo social al cuerpo femenino callejero: una mirada de las políticas sociales en Bogotá
Authors: Rodríguez Lizarralde Carolina 
Published: September 2015

Este artículo hace parte de la tesis de Maestríaen Política Social “Cuerpos femeninos callejeros:hacia una construcción de política socialcon enfoque de género en Bogotá”, trabajoatravesado por mi experiencia corporal –comojoven y servidora del Instituto Distrital para laProtección de la Niñez y la Juventud (Idipron)–.Durante el proceso de investigación se intentóconstruir conocimiento desde quienes estuvimosinvolucradas en la problemática de estudio,cuestionando la construcción de las sexualidadesy los géneros en contextos de calle, así comola respuesta institucional que continúa reproduciendoroles y estereotipos de género en losservicios sociales del Distrito, dirigidos a la niñez y la juventud habitante de calle. El propósito delartículo es presentar el recorrido conceptual parala construcción de una nueva categoría: cuerposfemeninos callejeros.
Percepciones de corrupción de habitantes de Manizales y Pereira
Authors: Ángel Botero Adriana , Fuentes Juárez Álvaro 
Published: September 2015

Las cifras recientes muestran a Colombia como un país altamente corrupto. Sin embargo, a pesarde ser un fenómeno no solo característico, sino también costoso para la sociedad colombiana,la corrupción ha sido muy poco estudiada. Con el objetivo de contribuir al estudio de estefenómeno, este artículo describe y analiza laspercepciones de corrupción que tienen los habitantesdel Eje Cafetero. A través de un diseñocuantitativo, este texto mide y problematizadiferentes tipologías de corrupción que han sidosugeridas por diferentes expertos en el tema. El análisis de los datos recolectados problematiza algunas de estas tipologías y, específicamente, muestra que la corrupción es un fenómeno difícil de definir de manera a priori, pues está fuertemente influenciado por la percepción quelos individuos tienen sobre él. Adicionalmente,los datos muestran la estrecha relación que existe entre percepción de la corrupción y educación.
Hacia una contextualización de las migraciones de caboverdeanos en el Gran Buenos Aires a partir de sus diferencias generacionales
Authors: Martino María Cecilia 
Published: September 2015

El presente artículo se propone analizar las relaciones entre inmigrantes y descendientes de caboverdeanos en el Gran Buenos Aires a partir del análisis de las categorías generacionales en uso, que definen posicionamientos e identificaciones a lo largo del tiempo. Se proponen tres períodos para abordar este proceso de cambio y continuidad, y se analiza de qué forma la dimensión generacional se expresó, a partir de su incorporación al lenguaje institucional de las Sociedades de caboverdeanos, para promocionar la inclusión de los jóvenes en la actualidad, en un contexto de creciente movilización política de las agrupaciones de origen africano en el país. Se concluye que categorías emergentes como la de “afrodescendientes”, adoptadas por algunos jóvenes en la actualidad, permiten unificarlos en torno a la conformación de identidades colectivas que retoman la línea de continuidad con el pasado, y revierte el proceso de invisibilización transitado por las generaciones anteriores.
Comparison of Borate Bioactive Glass and Calcium Sulfate as Implants for the Local Delivery of Teicoplanin in the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Osteomyelitis in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Jia Wei-Tao , Fu Qiang , Huang Wen-Hai , Zhang Chang-Qing , Rahaman Mohamed N. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

There is growing interest in biomaterials that can cure bone infection and also regenerate bone. In this study, two groups of implants composed of 10% (wt/wt) teicoplanin (TEC)-loaded borate bioactive glass (designated TBG) or calcium sulfate (TCS) were created and evaluated for their ability to release TEC
in vitro
and to cure methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA)-induced osteomyelitis in a rabbit model. When immersed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), both groups of implants provided a sustained release of TEC at a therapeutic level for up to 3 to 4 weeks while they were gradually degraded and converted to hydroxyapatite. The TBG implants showed a longer duration of TEC release and better retention of strength as a function of immersion time in PBS. Infected rabbit tibiae were treated by debridement, followed by implantation of TBG or TCS pellets or intravenous injection with TEC, or were left untreated. Evaluation at 6 weeks postimplantation showed that the animals implanted with TBG or TCS pellets had significantly lower radiological and histological scores, lower rates of MRSA-positive cultures, and lower bacterial loads than those preoperatively and those of animals treated intravenously. The level of bone regeneration was also higher in the defects treated with the TBG pellets. The results showed that local TEC delivery was more effective than intravenous administration for the treatment of MRSA-induced osteomyelitis. Borate glass has the advantages of better mechanical strength, more desirable kinetics of release of TEC, and a higher osteogenic capacity and thus could be an effective alternative to calcium sulfate for local delivery of TEC.
K13-Propeller Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum Isolates from Patients in Mayotte in 2013 and 2014
Authors: Torrentino-Madamet Marylin , Collet Louis , Lepère Jean François , Benoit Nicolas , Amalvict Rémy , Ménard Didier , Pradines Bruno 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Plasmodium falciparum
isolates were collected from 29 malaria patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine in Mayotte in 2013 and 2014. Twenty-four cases (83%) consisted of imported malaria. Seventeen percent of the isolates presented mutations in one of the six K13-propeller blades (N490H, F495L, N554H/K, and E596G). A total of 23.8% of the isolates from the Union of Comoros showed K13-propeller polymorphisms. Three of the 18 isolates (16.7%) from Grande Comore showed polymorphisms (N490H, N554K, and E596G).
Different Therapeutic Outcomes of Benznidazole and VNI Treatments in Different Genders in Mouse Experimental Models of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection
Authors: Guedes-da-Silva F. H. , Batista D. G. J. , da Silva C. F. , Meuser M. B. , Simões-Silva M. R. , de Araújo J. S. , Ferreira C. G. , Moreira O. C. , Britto C. , Lepesheva G. I. , Soeiro Maria de Nazaré C. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

The lack of translation between preclinical assays and clinical trials for novel therapies for Chagas disease (CD) indicates a need for more feasible and standardized protocols and experimental models. Here, we investigated the effects of treatment with benznidazole (Bz) and with the potent experimental
T. cruzi
CYP51 inhibitor VNI in mouse models of Chagas disease by using different animal genders and parasite strains and employing distinct types of therapeutic schemes. Our findings confirm that female mice are less vulnerable to the infection than males, show that male models are less susceptible to treatment with both Bz and VNI, and thus suggest that male models are much more suitable for selection of the most promising antichagasic agents. Additionally, we have found that preventive protocols (compound given at 1 dpi) result in higher treatment success rates, which also should be avoided during advanced steps of
in vivo
trials of novel anti-
T. cruzi
drug candidates. Another consideration is the relevance of immunosuppression methods in order to verify the therapeutic profile of novel compounds, besides the usefulness of molecular diagnostic tools (quantitative PCR) to ascertain compound efficacy in experimental animals. Our study aims to contribute to the development of more reliable methods and decision gates for
in vivo
assays of novel antiparasitic compounds in order to move them from preclinical to clinical trials for CD.
Impact of Hydroxychloroquine-Loaded Polyurethane Intravaginal Rings on Lactobacilli
Authors: Traore Yannick Leandre , Chen Yufei , Bernier Anne-Marie , Ho Emmanuel A. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

The use of polymeric devices for controlled sustained delivery of drugs is a promising approach for the prevention of HIV-1 infection. Unfortunately, certain microbicides, when topically applied vaginally, may be cytotoxic to vaginal epithelial cells and the protective microflora present within the female genital tract. In this study, we evaluated the impact of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-loaded, reservoir-type, polyurethane intravaginal rings (IVRs) on the growth of
Lactobacillus crispatus
and
Lactobacillus jensenii
and on the viability of vaginal and ectocervical epithelial cells. The IVRs were fabricated using hot-melt injection molding and were capable of providing controlled release of HCQ for 24 days, with mean daily release rates of 17.01 ± 3.6 μg/ml in sodium acetate buffer (pH 4) and 29.45 ± 4.84 μg/ml in MRS broth (pH 6.2). Drug-free IVRs and the released HCQ had no significant effects on bacterial growth or the viability of vaginal or ectocervical epithelial cells. Furthermore, there was no significant impact on the integrity of vaginal epithelial cell monolayers, in comparison with controls, as measured by transepithelial electrical resistance. Overall, this is the first study to evaluate the effects of HCQ-loaded IVRs on the growth of vaginal flora and the integrity of vaginal epithelial cell monolayers.
In Vitro
Activity of Ceftaroline against Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Collected in 2012 from Latin American Countries as Part of the AWARE Surveillance Program
Authors: Biedenbach Douglas J. , Hoban Daryl J. , Reiszner Edina , Lahiri Sushmita D. , Alm Richard A. , Sahm Daniel F. , Bouchillon Samuel K. , Ambler Jane E. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

The
in vitro
activities of ceftaroline and comparators, using broth microdilution, were determined against 1,066
Staphylococcus aureus
isolates from hospitalized patients. Seventeen medical centers from Latin American countries contributed isolates. Methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) percentages ranged from 46% (Brazil) to 62% (Argentina). All methicillin-susceptible
S. aureus
(MSSA) isolates were susceptible to ceftaroline. Ceftaroline activity against MRSA varied with MIC
90
s of 0.5 (Venezuela) to 2 (Brazil, Chile, and Colombia) μg/ml, which was the highest MIC value. ST-5 was the most common sequence type.
The Pathogen-Derived Aminoglycoside Resistance 16S rRNA Methyltransferase NpmA Possesses Dual m
1
A1408/m
1
G1408 Specificity
Authors: Zelinskaya Natalia , Witek Marta A. , Conn Graeme L. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Chemical modification of 16S rRNA can confer exceptionally high-level resistance to a diverse set of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Here, we show that the pathogen-derived enzyme NpmA possesses dual m
1
A1408/m
1
G1408 activity, an unexpected property apparently unique among the known aminoglycoside resistance 16S rRNA (m
1
A1408) methyltransferases. Although the biological significance of this activity remains to be determined, such mechanistic variation in enzymes acquired by pathogens has significant implications for development of inhibitors of these emerging resistance determinants.
In Vitro
Activity of Miltefosine against Candida albicans under Planktonic and Biofilm Growth Conditions and
In Vivo
Efficacy in a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis
Authors: Vila Taissa Vieira Machado , Chaturvedi Ashok K. , Rozental Sonia , Lopez-Ribot Jose L. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

The generation of a new antifungal against
Candida albicans
biofilms has become a major priority, since biofilm formation by this opportunistic pathogenic fungus is usually associated with an increased resistance to azole antifungal drugs and treatment failures. Miltefosine is an alkyl phospholipid with promising antifungal activity. Here, we report that, when tested under planktonic conditions, miltefosine displays potent
in vitro
activity against multiple fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant
C. albicans
clinical isolates, including isolates overexpressing efflux pumps and/or with well-characterized Erg11 mutations. Moreover, miltefosine inhibits
C. albican
s biofilm formation and displays activity against preformed biofilms. Serial passage experiments confirmed that miltefosine has a reduced potential to elicit resistance, and screening of a library of
C. albicans
transcription factor mutants provided additional insight into the activity of miltefosine against
C. albicans
growing under planktonic and biofilm conditions. Finally, we demonstrate the
in vivo
efficacy of topical treatment with miltefosine in the murine model of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Overall, our results confirm the potential of miltefosine as a promising antifungal drug candidate, in particular for the treatment of azole-resistant and biofilm-associated superficial candidiasis.
Transcriptome Analysis of Aspergillus flavus Reveals
veA
-Dependent Regulation of Secondary Metabolite Gene Clusters, Including the Novel Aflavarin Cluster
Authors: Cary J. W. , Han Z. , Yin Y. , Lohmar J. M. , Shantappa S. , Harris-Coward P. Y. , Mack B. , Ehrlich K. C. , Wei Q. , Arroyo-Manzanares N. , Uka V. , Vanhaecke L. , Bhatnagar D. , Yu J. , Nierman W. C. , Johns M. A. , Sorensen D. , Shen H. , De Saeger S. , Diana Di Mavungu J. , Calvo A. M. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

The global regulatory
veA
gene governs development and secondary metabolism in numerous fungal species, including
Aspergillus flavus
. This is especially relevant since
A. flavus
infects crops of agricultural importance worldwide, contaminating them with potent mycotoxins. The most well-known are aflatoxins, which are cytotoxic and carcinogenic polyketide compounds. The production of aflatoxins and the expression of genes implicated in the production of these mycotoxins are
veA
dependent. The genes responsible for the synthesis of aflatoxins are clustered, a signature common for genes involved in fungal secondary metabolism. Studies of the
A. flavus
genome revealed many gene clusters possibly connected to the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Many of these metabolites are still unknown, or the association between a known metabolite and a particular gene cluster has not yet been established. In the present transcriptome study, we show that
veA
is necessary for the expression of a large number of genes. Twenty-eight out of the predicted 56 secondary metabolite gene clusters include at least one gene that is differentially expressed depending on presence or absence of
veA
. One of the clusters under the influence of
veA
is cluster 39. The absence of
veA
results in a downregulation of the five genes found within this cluster. Interestingly, our results indicate that the cluster is expressed mainly in sclerotia. Chemical analysis of sclerotial extracts revealed that cluster 39 is responsible for the production of aflavarin.
Interleukin-12-Producing CD103+CD11b−CD8+Dendritic Cells Are Responsible for Eliciting Gut Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Response against Encephalitozoon cuniculi
Authors: Moretto Magali M. , Harrow Danielle I. , Hawley Teresa S. , Khan Imtiaz A. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTMicrosporidia, which belong to the kingdomFungi, are important opportunistic pathogens in HIV-infected populations and organ transplant recipients that are often associated with a broad range of symptoms, such as diarrhea, nephritis, and encephalitis. Natural infection occurs via the oral route, and as a consequence, gut immunity plays an important role in restricting the dissemination of these pathogens. Studies from our laboratory have reported that the pathogens induce a rapid intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) response important for host protection. Although mucosal dendritic cells (DC) are likely involved in triggering an antigen-specific IEL response, the specific subset(s) responsible has yet to be identified. Toward this goal, we demonstrate a very important role for mucosal CD11b−CD8+DC in the initiation of an antigen-specific IELin vivo. Effectively, afterEncephalitozoon cuniculiinfection, CD11b−CD8+DC were activated in the lamina propria (LP) and acquired the ability to process retinoic acid (RA). However, this subset did not produce interleukin 12 (IL-12) but upregulated CD103, which is essential for migration to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Interestingly, CD103+CD11b−CD8+DC in the MLN, in addition to processing RA, also secreted IL-12 and were responsible for gut imprinting specificity on mucosal CD8 T cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the importance of MLN CD103+CD11b−CD8+DC isolated from infected animals in the generation of an IEL response against a live pathogen.