bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Friends on Children’s Physical Activity: A Review
Authors: Maturo Claire C. , Cunningham Solveig A. 
Published: May 2013

We examined evidence for friendship influences on children's physical activity (PA) through systematic searches of online databases in May 2012. We identified 106 studies (25 qualitative) published in English since 2000 that analyzed indicators of friendship influences (e.g., communication about PA, friends’ PA, and PA with friends) among persons younger than 19 years. Children's PA was positively associated with encouragement from friends (43 of 55 studies indicating a positive relationship), friends' own PA (30/35), and engagement with friends in PA (9/10). These findings are consistent with friends influencing PA, but most studies did not isolate influence from other factors that could explain similarity. Understanding friendship influences in childhood can facilitate the promotion of lifelong healthy habits. PA with friends should be considered in health promotion programs.
Applying Community Engagement to Disaster Planning: Developing the Vision and Design for the Los Angeles County Community Disaster Resilience Initiative
Authors: Wells Kenneth B. , Tang Jennifer , Lizaola Elizabeth , Jones Felica , Brown Arleen , Stayton Alix , Williams Malcolm , Chandra Anita , Eisenman David , Fogleman Stella , Plough Alonzo 
Published: May 2013

Community resilience (CR) is a priority for preparedness, but few models exist. A steering council used community-partnered participatory research to support workgroups in developing CR action plans and hosted forums for input to design a pilot demonstration of implementing CR versus enhanced individual preparedness toolkits. Qualitative data describe how stakeholders viewed CR, how toolkits were developed, and demonstration design evolution. Stakeholders viewed community engagement as facilitating partnerships to implement CR programs when appropriately supported by policy and CR resources. Community engagement exercises clarified motivations and informed action plans (e.g., including vulnerable populations). Community input identified barriers (e.g., trust in government) and CR-building strategies. A CR toolkit and demonstration comparing its implementation with individual preparedness were codeveloped. Community-partnered participatory research was a useful framework to plan a CR initiative through knowledge exchange.
Non-standard lattices and o-minimal groups
Authors: Eleftheriou Pantelis E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe describe a recent program from the study of definable groups in certain o-minimal structures. A central notion of this program is that of a (geometric)lattice. We propose a definition of a lattice in an arbitrary first-order structure. We then use it to describe, uniformly, various structure theorems for o-minimal groups, each time recovering a lattice that captures some significant invariant of the group at hand. The analysis first goes through a local level, where a pertinent notion of pregeometry and generic elements is each time introduced.
Soda and Other Beverages and the Risk of Kidney Stones
Authors: Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Taylor Eric N. , Gambaro Giovanni , Curhan Gary C. 
Published: May 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Not all fluids may be equally beneficial for reducing the risk of kidney stones. In particular, it is not clear whether sugar and artificially sweetened soda increase the risk.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We prospectively analyzed the association between intake of several types of beverages and incidence of kidney stones in three large ongoing cohort studies. Information on consumption of beverages and development of kidney stones was collected by validated questionnaires.

Results
The analysis involved 194,095 participants; over a median follow-up of more than 8 years, 4462 incident cases occurred. There was a 23% higher risk of developing kidney stones in the highest category of consumption of sugar-sweetened cola compared with the lowest category (P for trend=0.02) and a 33% higher risk of developing kidney stones for sugar-sweetened noncola (P for trend=0.003); there was a marginally significant higher risk of developing kidney stones for artificially sweetened noncola (P for trend=0.05). Also, there was an 18% higher risk for punch (P for trend=0.04) and lower risks of 26% for caffeinated coffee (P for trend<0.001), 16% for decaffeinated coffee (P for trend=0.01), 11% for tea (P for trend=0.02), 31%–33% for wine (P for trend<0.005), 41% for beer (P for trend<0.001), and 12% for orange juice (P for trend=0.004).

Conclusions
Consumption of sugar-sweetened soda and punch is associated with a higher risk of stone formation, whereas consumption of coffee, tea, beer, wine, and orange juice is associated with a lower risk.
Mixing Insulin Glargine With Rapid-Acting Insulin: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Carroll Dana G. , Meade Lisa 
Published: May 2013

Purpose. To review the literature examining the mixing of insulin glargine with rapid-acting insulin (RAI).
Methods. A literature search was conducted via PubMed and Medline (from 1948 to August 2012) using the search terms “diabetes,” “insulin glargine,” “short acting insulin,” “rapid acting insulin,” and “mixing.” Literature was limited to English-language articles reporting on human studies. Studies with data describing mixing glargine with any short-acting insulin or RAI were included. Four studies met inclusion criteria.
Results. Of the four studies assessing mixing glargine, one was a pharmacokinetic study. The other three assessed clinical outcomes in “real-world” settings. All of these studies were conducted in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes.
Two of the clinical outcomes studies did not report significant differences in A1C levels or preprandial, postprandial, or nocturnal blood glucose levels from mixing glargine and RAI. One of the clinical outcome studies reported improved blood glucose control (A1C and fasting blood glucose) with RAI mixed with glargine compared to RAI mixed with NPH insulin. There were no significant differences in hypoglycemia in any of the clinical outcome trials at any time measured.
Conclusion. Initial small clinical trials indicate that there are no significant changes in clinical outcomes (blood glucose levels, A1C levels, and hypoglycemia) when mixing glargine with RAI. Additional studies with larger patient populations and longer trial durations are needed before mixing glargine with RAI can be recommended on a routine basis in clinical practice.
Glucose Pattern Management Teaches Glycemia-Related Problem-Solving Skills in a Diabetes Self-Management Education Program
Authors: Powers Margaret A. , Davidson Janet , Bergenstal Richard M. 
Published: May 2013

In Brief
Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) involves both the performance of glucose tests and glucose pattern management (GPM) and is a tool patients with diabetes can use to achieve their glucose goals. Seeing the effects that increased activity or modified carbohydrate intake can have on lowering glucose levels is a powerful motivator for patients and reinforces successful behaviors. This article describes how SMBG (including GPM) is integrated into a diabetes self-management education program to teach problem-solving skills and empower patients.
PEMFC membrane electrode assembly degradation study based on its mechanical properties
Authors: Sridhar Ranjani Lalitha , Krishnan Ramya 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The membrane electrode assembly determines the performance of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. Degradation of the membrane electrode assembly has been the subject of recent research with impedance measurements, cyclic voltammetry measurements, scanning electron microscopy, tunneling electron microscopy as the techniques currently in use for characterization. This paper considers the membrane electrode assembly as a laminate and uses the study of mechanical properties as a tool for identification of delamination. An attempt has also been made to compare the changes in the mechanical properties obtained due to delamination with the results obtained from impedance measurement, cyclic voltammetry studies and performance in the fuel cell. In this study mechanical properties such as stress, strain and modulus have been measured and the decrease in modulus as a result of delamination has been characterized. It has been found that study of the mechanical properties of the membrane electrode assembly compliments the other techniques and can be used in the post-mortem analysis of causes for degradation.
Nitrogen deficiency and metal dopant induced sub-stoichiometry in titanium nitride thin films: a comparative study
Authors: Vasu Kuraganti , Kiran Mangalampalli Sri Rama Narasimha , Krishna Mamidipudi Ghanashyam , Padmanabhan Kuppuswamy Anantha 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Sub-stoichiometric (nitrogen-deficient) and Nb-substituted (Ti1
–

y
Nb
y
N, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1) titanium nitride thin films were deposited by means of radio frequency magnetron sputtering on SiO2 and Si (311) substrates and compared. Thickness of TiN
x
films varied in the range 116–230 nm, while the value was constant, at 500 nm, for Ti1
–

y
Nb
y
N films. The sub-stoichiometric TiN
x
films deposited at room temperature are amorphous, independent of nitrogen partial pressure (in the range of 1.6 to 3.33 Pa). Annealing of the films at 600°C resulted in amorphous–crystalline transition only in the film deposited at 3.33 Pa, which crystallized into tetragonal ∊-Ti2N phase. The other films remained amorphous. The hardness and Young's modulus were highest for the film deposited at a nitrogen pressure of 3.33 Pa, viz., 5.9 GPa and 105 GPa respectively. In contrast, all as-deposited Nb substituted TiN (Ti1
–

y
Nb
y
N) films crystallized into rock salt structure with (111) orientation up to y = 0.77. The hardness and Young's modulus for Ti1
–

y
Nb
y
N films increased with increase in Nb concentration. The highest values of hardness and Young's modulus obtained were 29 GPa and 320 GPa respectively. This study shows that nitrogen deficient titanium nitrides are more difficult to crystallize and exhibit lower hardness than metal substituted nitrides.
Phase equilibria of the Zn–Al–Ti system at 370°C in the Zn-rich region
Authors: Xiao Lairong , Huang Jianfeng , Chen Yilei , Su Xuping , Wang Jianhua 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The isothermal section at 370°C of the Zn–Al–Ti ternary system in the Zn-rich region was investigated experimentally using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The experimental results reveal that T + TiZn16 + TiZn8, T + TiZn16 + η-Zn, T + TiZn+ TiZn8, TiZn + TiZn3 + TiZn8, T + η-Zn + (α-Al), T + (α-Al) + TiAl3 and T + TiAl3 + TiAl2 are the seven three-phase equilibria in the Zn–Al–Ti system. T phase is a true ternary phase and it is in equilibrium with TiAl3, α-Al, η-Zn, TiZn, TiZn8 and TiZn16 at 370°C, respectively. The content of Zn in T phase varies from 12.8 to 56.8 at.%, Al varies from 17.7 to 59.5 at.% and Ti varies from 24.2 to 27.8 at.%. Ti2Al5 was not found in the Zn–Al–Ti system at 370°C.
Influence of different contents of Si and Cu on the solidification pathways of cast hypoeutectic Al-(5–9)Si-(1–4)Cu (wt.%) alloys
Authors: Djurdjevic Mile B. , Manasijevic Srecko , Odanovic Zoran , Radisa Radomir 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the solidification process is of paramount importance for the control and prediction of actual casting characteristics. The present work presents the potential of cooling curve analysis to characterize the solidification path of a cast hypoeutectic series of Al–Si–Cu alloys. The aim of this work was to examine how variation in chemical composition of Si (from 5–9 wt.%) and Cu (from 1–4 wt.%) may affect characteristic solidification temperatures, their corresponding solid fraction, and thermal freezing ranges of the investigated alloys. All solidification parameters that have been calculated using cooling curve analysis show good correlation with the corresponding parameters calculated using commercial Pandat software. These parameters, either collected from the cooling curve analysis or calculated using Pandat software, can be easily incorporated into existing simulation software packages in order to improve their accuracy. In addition, cooling curve analysis can be used to estimate the effect of cooling rate on the above mentioned solidification parameters and used as additional input data for simulation.
Effect of Nano-Particles on Flow and Recovery of Polymer Nano-Composites in the Melt State
Authors: Hassanabadi H. M. , Rodrigue D. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The effect of nano-particle geometry on flow and recovery of polymer melts based on ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) was investigated. Two nano-particles, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and montmorillonite clay, were used with concentrations between 2.5 and 15% by weight. First, by using small amplitude oscillatory shear and transient step shear tests, the linear and non-linear response of the nano-composites was studied. Then, to examine the structure recovery, the same behavior was studied on pre-sheared samples. The linear and non-linear data revealed that the effect of nano-particles in material flow is more important for anisometric particles which can be attributed to their ability to form a fractal structure controlling the rheological properties while spherical particles are not able to form such networks. Recovery experiments revealed that while nano-composites containing spherical particles have relatively similar response in subsequent tests, the rheological properties decreased significantly for platelet particles. The recovery results were also interpreted based on a filler-network mechanism and the reduction of the nano effect for anisometric particles was related to the breakdown of the filler network. These observations were validated by morphological investigations.
Preparation and Characterization of CaCO3/High Density Polyethylene Composites with Various Shapes and Size of CaCO3
Authors: Shi X. , Wang J. , Cai X. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with various shapes and size was prepared using CaCl2 and Na2CO3 aqueous solutions containing various additives. High density polyethylene (HDPE)/4 wt% CaCO3 composites were prepared using a Haake Rotational Rheometer. The effects of the CaCO3 particle shapes and size on the thermal and mechanical properties were investigated and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and universal testing machine. The results show the addition of CaCO3 to HDPE can increase the crystallization and decrease the melting temperature and crystallization temperature. The tensile yield strength of the composites was higher than that of HDPE. Sphere-like CaCO3 is the best form in improving the thermal stability and cubic CaCO3 can cause negative effect to the toughness. The impact strength of the composites is significantly increased with decreasing CaCO3 particle size. SEM examination of the fractured surfaces of the composites shows that CaCO3 reacted in cavitations and “lance” functions which increase the impact strength of the HDPE/CaCO3 composites.
Processing of Thermally Stable Polymer Nanocomposites Reinforced Silicate Nanoparticles Based on N-trimellitylimido-L-phenyl alanine
Authors: Faghihi K. , Ghorbani S. , Hajibeygi M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In this article two polymer/nanocomposite films with 5 and 10% silicate particles based on Poly(amide-imide) (PAI) from N-trimellitylimido-L-phenyl alanine were prepared via solution intercalation method through blending of organoclay with the PAI solution. Poly(amide-imide) was synthesized by the direct polycondensation reaction of N-trimellitylimido-L-phenyl alanine with 4,4′-diamino diphenyl ether in the presence of triphenyl phosphite (TPP), CaCl2 and pyridine (Py). Morphology and structure of the resulting PAI-nanocomposite films were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of clay dispersion and the interaction between clay and polymeric chains on the properties of nanocomposites films were investigated by using Uv-vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and water uptake measurements.
Use of Y-shaped TPLO plates for the stabilization of supracotyloid ilial fractures in four dogs and one cat
Authors: Chou P. , Runyon C. , Bailey T. , Béraud R. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryObjectives: To describe the use of Y-shaped tibia plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) plates for the stabilization of supracotyloid ilial fracture in four dogs and one cat.Methods: Clinical cases with supracotyloid ilial fracture that were repaired with a Y-shaped TPLO plate were retrospectively reviewed. Fracture type, concurrent injuries, fracture management, radiographic outcome and clinical recovery were documented.Results: All fractures were reduced and a Y-shaped TPLO plate was applied with one short-term complication. Four fractures healed in original alignment. Screw loosening and malunion was documented in one patient at the six week follow-up examination. All patients had good to excellent limb function in the long-term follow-up.Clinical significance: The use of TPLO Y-shaped plates for supracotyloid ilial fractures allows good fracture reduction and fixation with a minimal approach and few postoperative complications.
Magnetic resonance imaging of plantar soft tissue structures of the tarsus and proximal metatarsus in foals and adult horses
Authors: Ludewig E. , Brehm W. , Budras K.-D. , Winter K. , Edinger J. , Lempe-Troillet A. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryObjectives: The object of this study was to describe previously defined soft tissue structures by using spin and gradient sequences in a 0.5 Tesla magnetic resonance system in order to improve the characterisation of tendon and ligaments at the plantar region of the equine tarsus and metatarsus while considering possible age-related variations.Methods: Cadaveric hindlimbs from twenty-two Warmblood horses with an age range from one month to twenty-five years were examined in spin and gradient echoes. The proximal suspensory ligament from six limbs was dissected to assign the signal intensities histologically. For statistical analysis, horses were divided into two groups (≤3 years and >3 years) for evaluating signal intensity and homogeneity of the plantar tendons and ligaments.Results: Focal increase of the signal intensity within the deep digital flexor tendon was significantly more present in horses older than three years. Signal alterations of the long plantar ligament were seen without a significant dependency to age. The accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon could not be visualized on all images within the region of interest. The morphology of the proximal suspensory ligament was not affected by age-related changes.Clinical relevance: Spin and gradient echoes in MRI were suitable to identify and assess soft tissue structures at the plantar aspect of the equine tarsus and proximal metatarsus. Age-related appearance must be considered when interpreting magnetic resonance images.
Radiographic changes of the pelvis in Labrador and Golden Retrievers after juvenile pubic symphysiodesis
Authors: Boiocchi S. , Vezzoni L. , Bronzo V. , Rossi F. , Vezzoni A. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryObjectives: The hypothesis of this study was that juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS) results in pelvic changes that can be identified radiographically in adult dogs.Methods: The medical records at the Clinica Veterinaria Vezzoni were searched for standard ventro-dorsal views of the pelvis of adult Labrador and Golden Retrievers that had undergone JPS or had not undergone surgery. The objective assessment of radiographs included the analysis of various pelvic measurements. Subjective evaluation of radiographs was undertaken by 18 specialists and 21 general practitioners and was based on five criteria relating to 1) the acetabular fossae, 2) the pubic symphysis, 3) the margin of the cranial pubic area, 4) the pubic rami, and 5) the obturator foramen.Results: The radiographs of 42 Labrador Retrievers and 16 Golden Retrievers were evaluated. The most useful criteria were the radiographic measurement of the shape of the obturator foramen and two different ratios of length to width of the pubic rami; these values were significantly smaller in dogs after JPS. The pelvic canal width was the same in both groups. All objective measurements were repeatable within and between evaluators. The most reliable subjective criterion was number 4, followed by number 5 in Golden Retrievers and by 2 in Labrador Retrievers.Conclusion: Our objective and subjective evaluations were simple and yielded useful and repeatable results. There was no significant difference between general practitioners and specialists with regard to subjective evaluation, which indicates that these evaluation criteria can be used by small animal clinicians after minimal training.
HLA-G 3′ Untranslated Region Polymorphisms Are Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in 2 Brazilian Populations
Authors: Lucena-Silva Norma , de Souza Veridiana Sales Barbosa , Gomes Renan Garcia , Fantinatti Alex , Muniz Yara Costa Netto , de Albuquerque Rafael Sales , Monteiro Alessandra Luna Ramos , Diniz George Tadeu Nunes , Coelho Maria Rosângela Cunha Duarte , Mendes-Junior Celso Teixeira , Castelli Erick da Cruz , Donadi Eduardo Antônio 
Published: May 2013

Objective.HLA-G has well recognized tolerogenic properties in physiological and nonphysiological conditions. The 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of theHLA-Ggene has at least 3 polymorphic sites (14-bpINS/DEL, +3142C/G, and +3196C/G) described as associated with posttranscriptional influence on messenger RNA production; however, only the 14-bpINS/DEL and +3142C/G sites have been studied in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.We investigated theHLA-G3′UTR polymorphic sites (14-bpINS/DEL, +3003C/T, +3010C/G, +3027A/C, +3035C/T, +3142C/G, +3187A/G, and +3196C/G) in 190 Brazilian patients with SLE and 282 healthy individuals in allele, genotype, and haplotype analyses. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the association of the disease features with theHLA-G3′UTR haplotypes.Results.Increased frequencies were observed of the 14-bpINS (p = 0.053), +3010C (p = 0.008), +3142G (p = 0.006), and +3187A (p = 0.013) alleles, and increased frequencies of the 14-bpINS-INS (p = 0.094), +3010 C-C (p = 0.033), +3142 G-G (p = 0.021), and +3187 A-A (p = 0.035) genotypes. After Bonferroni correction, only the +3142G (p = 0.05) and +3010C (p = 0.06) alleles were overrepresented in SLE patients. The UTR-1 haplotype (14-bpDEL/+3003T/+3010G/+3027C/+3035C/+3142C/+3187G/+3196C) was underrepresented in SLE (pcorr= 0.035).Conclusion.These results indicate thatHLA-G3′UTR polymorphic sites, particularly +3142G and +3010C alleles, were associated with SLE susceptibility, whereas UTR-1 was associated with protection against development of SLE.