bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central sets generated by uniformly recurrent words
Authors: BUCCI MICHELANGELO , PUZYNINA SVETLANA , ZAMBONI LUCA Q. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA subset $A$ of $ \mathbb{N} $ is called an IP-set if $A$ contains all finite sums of distinct terms of some infinite sequence $\mathop{({x}_{n} )}\nolimits_{n\in \mathbb{N} } $ of natural numbers. Central sets, first introduced by Furstenberg using notions from topological dynamics, constitute a special class of IP-sets possessing rich combinatorial properties: each central set contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions and solutions to all partition regular systems of homogeneous linear equations. In this paper we investigate central sets in the framework of combinatorics on words. Using various families of uniformly recurrent words, including Sturmian words, the Thue–Morse word and fixed points of weak mixing substitutions, we generate an assortment of central sets which reflect the rich combinatorial structure of the underlying words. The results in this paper rely on interactions between different areas of mathematics, some of which have not previously been directly linked. They include the general theory of combinatorics on words, abstract numeration systems, and the beautiful theory, developed by Hindman, Strauss and others, linking IP-sets and central sets to the algebraic/topological properties of the Stone-Čech compactification of $ \mathbb{N} $.
Ergodic properties of -adic Halton sequences
Authors: HOFER MARKUS , IACÒ MARIA RITA , TICHY ROBERT 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe investigate a parametric extension of the classical$s$-dimensional Halton sequence where the bases are special Pisot numbers. In a one-dimensional setting the properties of such sequences have already been investigated by several authors. We use methods from ergodic theory in order to investigate the distribution behavior of multidimensional versions of such sequences. As a consequence it is shown that the Kakutani–Fibonacci transformation is uniquely ergodic.
Bore-generated macrovortices on erodible beds
Authors: Brocchini M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe interaction of free-surface bores and an erodible porous channel bed in a shallow-water flow is analysed based on the assumption of weak coupling between free-surface discontinuities and bed discontinuities and on the simplest closure for the sediment transport rate (cubic with the mean flow velocity). It is shown that free-surface bores with finite cross-stream extent can evolve over the erodible bed by generating vertically oriented macrovortices in a manner similar to, but more complex than, that of free-surface bores of finite cross-stream extent over a rigid channel bottom. An equation for the potential vorticity is derived, which shows that on an erodible bed the vortices are generated by a combination of various mechanisms related to energy dissipation of both surface bores and bed discontinuities. The model is verified and the physics explored by comparison with a number of numerical simulations, typical of both riverine (dam-break test and pit test) and nearshore (bore on a beach test) flows, and with previously published experimental results. For all cases a fairly good agreement is found between the analytically estimated potential vorticity and that computed numerically.
Life-cycle assessment of biogas production under the environmental conditions of northern Germany: greenhouse gas balance
Authors: CLAUS S. , TAUBE F. , WIENFORTH B. , SVOBODA N. , SIELING K. , KAGE H. , SENBAYRAM M. , DITTERT K. , GERICKE D. , PACHOLSKI A. , HERRMANN A. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYA considerable expansion of biogas production in Germany, paralleled by a strong increase in maize acreage, has caused growing concern that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during crop substrate production might counteract the GHG emission saving potential. Based on a 2-year field trial, a GHG balance was conducted to evaluate the mitigation potential of regionally adapted cropping systems (continuous maize, maize-wheat-Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass ley), depending on nitrogen (N) level and N type. Considering the whole production chain, all cropping systems investigated contributed to the mitigation of GHG emissions (6·7–13·3 t CO2 eq/ha), with continuous maize revealing a carbon dioxide (CO2) saving potential of 55–61% compared with a fossil energy mix reference system. The current sustainability thresholds in terms of CO2 savings set by the EU Renewable Energy Directive could be met by all cropping systems (48–76%). Emissions from crop production had the largest impact on the mitigation effect (⩾50%) unless the biogas residue storage was not covered. The comparison of N fertilizer types showed less pronounced differences in GHG mitigation potential, whereas considerable site effects were observed.
Life cycle ofCryptosporidium murisin two rodents with different responses to parasitization
Authors: MELICHEROVÁ JANKA , ILGOVÁ JANA , KVÁČ MARTIN , SAK BOHUMIL , KOUDELA BŘETISLAV , VALIGUROVÁ ANDREA 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThis study focuses on mapping the life cycle ofCryptosporidium murisin two laboratory rodents; BALB/c mice and the southern multimammate ratMastomys coucha, differing in their prepatent and patent periods. Both rodents were simultaneously experimentally inoculated with viable oocysts ofC. muris(strain TS03). Animals were dissected and screened for the presence of the parasite using a combined morphological approach and nested PCR (SSU rRNA) at different times after inoculation. The occurrence of first developmental stages ofC. murisin stomach was detected at 2·5 days post-infection (dpi). The presence of Type II merogony, appearing 36 h later than Type I merogony, was confirmed in both rodents. Oocysts exhibiting different size and thickness of their wall were observed from 5 dpi onwards in stomachs of both host models. The early phase of parasitization in BALB/c mice progressed rapidly, with a prepatent period of 7·5–10 days; whereas inM. coucha, the developmental stages ofC. muriswere first observed 12 h later in comparison with BALB/c mice and prepatent period was longer (18–21 days). Similarly, the patent periods of BALB/c mice andM. couchadiffered considerably, i.e. 10–15 daysvschronic infection throughout the life of the host, respectively.
Notes on Doris
Authors: Foat F. W. G. 
Published: October 2013

The following report is written as the result partly of observations made by individual British officers stationed at Bralo during the war, and partly of educational work on topography and archaeology undertaken by Y.M.C.A. workers who were for a time in those camps. It was drawn up at the request of the Archaeological Committee at G.H.Q., Salonika, and is now published as a possible guide in the choice of sites for further exploration for anyone who can give the time, money, and labour necessary for a more scholarly and scientific survey.When I reached Bralo in September, 1918, I found that some four or five ancient fortified sites had been noted. Visits to these places confirmed the belief that the lines of masonry were of fourth century date and earlier; a few lectures on the topography and antiquities of ancient Doris elicited further information, while a visit paid to the camp by M. Papadakis, Ephor of Thebes, gave more precision to the investigations made by both officers and men in their spare time.
Notes on Prehistoric Mounds in the Caucasus and Turkestan
Authors: Casson S. 
Published: October 2013

On the occasion of a journey by railway across the Caucasus and into Western Turkestan in March, 1919, I found the opportunity of making a few notes upon objects of archaeological and ethnological interest in these areas. Unfortunately it was impossible to obtain any very detailed information as to mounds and other sites; and these notes are, in consequence, hardly more than a record of things observed en route. I was not able to obtain specimens of pottery from any of the mounds here referred to.The area dealt with is the ground in the Caucasus covered by the main railway line from Batum to Baku, and in Turkestan by the plains at the foothills of the Balkhan and Kopet Dagh ranges over which the Central Asiatic railway runs eastwards from Krasnovodsk, its Caspian terminus.
Saint Gerasimos and the English Admiral
Authors: Wace A. J. B. 
Published: October 2013

In the spring of 1917, during the blockade of Greece by the fleets of the Entente Powers, a pamphlet, of which a translation is given below, was published in Athens by one Georgios Papagiannakopoulos, describing the great miracle wrought by Saint Gerasimos on behalf of the island of Cephalonia, of which he is patron, at the expense of the admiral of a British fleet said to have then been anchored in the bay of Argostoli, the capital of the island.Saint Gerasimos, who, like his brother Saint Dionysios of Zante, is of comparatively recent date, and Hosios (Beatus), not Hagios (Sanctus), was born of the great family of Notaras, at Trikala in the Morea, on August 15th, 1500. It is remarkable that two of the largest Ionian Islands should have chosen for their patrons modern saints sprung from great local families; for Saint Dionysios was a son of the house of Sygouros.
Facts or Fancies?
Authors: Droop J. P. 
Published: October 2013

I am sorry to be compelled to say again in print what I said first nearly twenty years ago, and said again in 1926, and repeated in company with others in 1930. In 1926 I was stirred to testify by certain criticisms of Mr. Wace's Mycenae report, which criticisms appeared to me to scout the evidence of the facts ascertained in the excavation. I am stirred to it now by a paper by Miss M. Hartley on ‘Early Greek Vases from Crete.’With most of that paper I am not indeed concerned, since unfortunately I am not well acquainted with Greek vases from Crete, except on paper; but what does concern me is Miss Hartley's publication at the end of her paper of several fragments of a Laconian krater found in 1929 at Eleutherna (as it would appear, in an unstratified deposit), and the date, about the middle of the sixth century B.C., that she assigns to it for reasons chiefly derived from the development of parallel forms in Chalcidian and Corinthian pottery.
§ 4. Objects of Terracotta from Palaikastro and Praisos
Authors: Hutchinson R. W. 
Published: October 2013

[Though some of these objects have already been published, they are better represented in the photographs in Plates 17–20.The descriptions are based on notes left by Mr. Hutchinson when he left England for Crete in 1940, and it has not been possible to submit them to him for revision.]A Bull's-head of Terracotta (Plate 20 A; CM 2070) was found at Praisos, but the circumstances of the find are not recorded. It may be the fragment which Bosanquet thought (BSA Suppl. I (1923) 153 n.) to be the end of the ridge-pole of the larnax from Tholos B. The larnakes in Candia afford nothing like it, but Dr. Schachermayer reports a similar head on a LM.III larnax in the Museum at Hierapetra. This head is of pink clay, covered with a pink slip; across the horns (one of which is broken) it measures ·13m. and from the top of the head to the tip of the muzzle ·10m. One ear is missing. Strongly marked characteristics are the bold modelling of the eyes and brow, the incised lines above the nostrils, the slit for the mouth, the narrow neck and nose, and the forward stretching of the head.
The Wool Industry of Crete in the Late Bronze Age
Authors: Killen J. T. 
Published: October 2013

In this paper the writer examines the largest group of Linear B tablets from Knossos, the great archive of records dealing with sheep. The results of this inquiry provide, it is suggested, a plausible solution to a long-standing problem, the source of the wealth of Knossos in the Late Bronze Age.The account of the great archive of sheep records from Knossos (Series D) which Ventris and Chadwick present inDocuments in Mycenaean Greekremains the most influential treatment of this series taken as a whole, and must provide the starting-point for any further discussion of the texts which it contains. In the course of their account, V.C. consider what the purpose of these records is likely to have been, and rightly reject suggestions that the sheep listed on them are, for instance, hecatombs of sacrificial animals, or merely tokens of exchange, as sheep sometimes were in the ancient Near East.
The Topography of Megara
Authors: Casson S. 
Published: October 2013

According to early investigators of the topography of the Megarid, the sites of Minoa and Nisaea were identified, the former with the small hill surmounted by a mediaeval castle standing in the middle of the coast-line in front of Megara, and the latter as the hill upon which is the church of St. George, above the hamlet of Pachi (Fig. 4). Spratt was the first to suggest this identification, which he based both on the existence of remains of ancient buildings around the small hill and on the assumption that it was originally severed from the land (Fig. 1).His view was subsequently confirmed by Lolling.It has, however, recently been suggested that the site identified as Nisaea is really the site of Minoa, while that given to Minoa is the real Nisaea. This reversal of the accepted identification is based on the fact that when Demosthenes in 424 made his attempt to capture the Long Walls of Megara, reinforcements were sent from Athens by land via Eleusis. These reinforcements, it is urged, would have taken up their position immediately outside the eastern Long Wall of Megara, as it would have been both difficult and dangerous to make the long circuit round the north of Megara and camp outside the western wall.
Modern Greek Carols in Honour of Saint Basil
Authors: Halliday W. R. 
Published: October 2013

Upon the Eve of St. Basil, whose festival, in the Greek Church, falls upon New Year's Day, processions of carol-singers go from house to house making their collections under the pretext of wishing the inmates good fortune for the coming year. That the practice is of very considerable antiquity is shown by the existence of a carol of the Byzantine Age which I have discussed elsewhere. The name κάλαντα by which such songs are called is connected with the Latin kalendae. The procession, now usually composed of children, carries lanterns and often the paper model of a ship.Mention must further be made of the mumming plays, which have been discussed by Mr. Wace, since the performers in the two instances draw in part upon a common stock of popular poetical commonplace. It is clear that the tendency to transfer these mumming plays to the period of Carnival is modern and to be accounted for by European and ecclesiastical influences. Originally they too appear to be associated with the period between New Year's Day and the Epiphany rather than with Shrove Tuesday.
Stone Cults and Venerated Stones in the Graeco-Turkish Area
Authors: Hasluck F. W. 
Published: October 2013

The veneration of stones seems to have been world-wide at an early stage in religious development, and has left traces everywhere in the magical and ‘folklore’ practices of civilized peoples. Over the Semitic area stone worship, as such, survived later and more generally than among peoples more prone to anthropomorphism; and Islam, so far from being able to displace it, tacitly sanctioned it by allowing the reverence paid already by pagan Arabs to the Black Stone of the Kaaba to be perpetuated on the rather far-fetched hypothesis that the angel Gabriel had brought it to, Mecca.Christianity, somewhat in the same way, has permitted or encouraged the paying of reverence to stones associated by tradition with saintly personages, the Stone of Unction at Jerusalem being a typical example. In both the great religions of the Near East the arbitrary association of certain stones with sacred persons and events has been allowed to replace or mask the more primitive idea of worshipping stones as fetishes with independent power.
Geographical Distribution of the Bektashi
Authors: Hasluck F. W. 
Published: October 2013

In the following paper an attempt has been made to bring together scattered notices from printed sources regarding the geographical distribution of the Bektashi sect, as indicated by the position of existing or formerly existing convents of the order. I have further included such information on this subject as I have been able to obtain from my own journeys and enquiries (1913–15) among the Bektashi: nearly all this information is gathered from Bektashi sources, and much from more than one such source. I hope to have made a fairly complete record of Bektashi establishments in Albania, now the most important sphere of their activities, and a substantial basis for further enquiry in the other countries where the sect is to be found, with the exception of Asia Minor, for which my sources are at present inadequate.From the evidence at our disposal the Bektashi establishments in Asia Minor would seem to be grouped most thickly in the ‘Kyzylbash’ or Shia Mahommedan districts, especially in (1) the vilayets of Angora and Sivas, and (2) in the south-west corner (Lycia) of that of Konia, where the Shia tribes are known from their occupation as Tachtadji (‘wood-cutters’). For the third great stronghold of Anatolian Shias, the Kurdish vilayets of Kharput and Erzeroum, no information as to Bektashi tekkes is available.
The Lokrian Maidens
Authors: Leaf Walter 
Published: October 2013

When discussing in Troy: A Study in Homeric Geography the tribute of two maidens sent annually as temple-slaves to Athena at her temple in Ilion, I was able only to mention the existence of an inscription referring to the subject (pp. 131, 396). The inscription was then unpublished; I had been unable to obtain by correspondence any particulars other than an assurance that it contained no new material of importance.The inscription, discovered so long ago as 1896, and copied by Wilhelm in 1897, has at length appeared in the Jahreshefte des Oest. Arch. Institutes, xiv, dated 1911, but issued only in 1913. I have to thank Dr. Wilhelm for sending me a copy of his very full account and discussion (Die Lokrische Mädcheninschrift, pp. 163–256). I recur to the subject now because it seems to me that, contrary to my information, the inscription does throw a great deal of new light; and because, if I am not mistaken, the real significance of it has been entirely missed both by Dr. Wilhelm and by M. A. Reinach—unhappily lost to science in the battle of the Marne two years ago—who discussed it in the Revue de l'Histoire des Religions, lxix, 1 (Jan. 1914), pp. 12–54.
§ IV.—The Rhyton Well (Continued)
Authors: Wace A. J. B. 
Published: October 2013

To the account of this well and of the objects found in it the following additions should be made.A. There is one fragment of a funnel-shaped rhyton in stone from Mycenae in the National Museum at Athens. It is fluted and well-polished, and was found by Tsountas in his excavations on the acropolis (Athens Nat. Mus., No. 2669, height ·07, width ·065, thickness ·02 m.). A fragment of another was found in the Palace in 1923, see below, p. 183.
Rhodes and Hellenistic Sculpture
Authors: Lawrence A. W. 
Published: October 2013

The importance of Rhodes as an art centre in Hellenistic times has led to a theory that its sculpture was different in character from that of other places. My aim in this paper is to collect the more important objects of Rhodian provenance and to see if they support this view.The fourth-century work from the island is in no way distinctive, as is shown by two female heads in Boston, which date from the middle and the third quarter of the century. The latter so closely resembles Attic grave-stelae that Caskey suspects it of belonging to one: this is quite likely, since we know that these stelae were exported (e. g., the fragment in the Argos Museum which bears the head of a boy with his name Kephisodotos written above in Athenian lettering), and the mention of five colossal statues by Bryaxis and a Helios and quadriga by Lysippos proves that foreign artists were already employed for Rhodes. The influence of Lysippos may be traced in a colossal head of Helios in the collection of Hiller von Gaertringen, in another Alexandroid head of no great merit, and in the colossal head from Ialysos in New York (Pl. VIII, 1). This came from a high relief and is remarkably like the heads on the Alexander Sarcophagus (cf. Pl. IX); it may be significant that both are of Pentelic marble instead of the customary Parian.
Excavations at Sparta, 1924—25: The Acropolis. The Finds
Authors: Woodward A. M. 
Published: October 2013

The outstanding feature of the excavations of 1925 was the discovery, in the circumstances above described, of substantial portions of a marble statue, of more than life size, representing a helmeted warrior. These comprise (1) the head and armless torso down to the waist; (2) two portions of the marble crest, which join each other, and fit on to the helmet; (3) the left leg, from knee to ankle; (4) part of the right foot, lacking heel and toes (material, scale, and style as far as can be seen in its damaged condition, make the attribution practically certain); (5) a small piece from the rim of the marble shield, which we must restore the figure as holding.There are two cuttings for the crest on the top of the helmet, of which that nearer the front is ·085 m. long, the other ·10 m.; a plain surface lies between them, ·026 m. long; the cuttings are nearly straight-sided, but vary in width between ·028 and ·035 m. A part of the tenon of the crest was found broken off short in the rearward cutting, and has since been rejoined to the fragment to which it belongs.Damage: both arms are missing, being broken away at the shoulders, and in addition the surface has been flaked off from the back of the right shoulder and the chest close to the arm-pit.
Antiquities from Thiaki
Authors: Benton Sylvia 
Published: October 2013

In view of the proposed excavations it may be useful to consider some early finds from the island.Charles Philippe de Bosset, Swiss by birth but a Colonel in the British army, was the governor of Cephallenia 1810–13 and became the first collector of Mycenaean pottery. There is a large case in the Musée d'Histoire at Neuchâtel containing his finds, each object labelled with its provenience. Cephallenia provided the bulk of the spoil, among it the late Mycenaean vases from this collection that have already been published.Fig. 1, No. 1 and Fig. 2 shew a short bronze sword (length 15·8 in.), now in the Musée d'Histoire, which I publish by kind permission of the Director, M. de Pury, who gives me the following extract from the old catalogue of the Museum :—“ Il a été découvert dans une des tombes taillées dans le roc avec dalles pour couvertures que le Col. de Bosset a fait ouvrir à Ithaque au pied du Château d'Aito.” There is a note that a similar weapon was sold in England.
Two Protopalatial Houses at Knossos
Authors: Pendlebury H. W. , Pendlebury J. D. S. 
Published: October 2013

An interesting feature of the excavations in the West Court at Knossos in 1930 was the discovery of two more walled pits or ‘Koulouras’ lying between that already excavated and the great enceinte wall which was brought to light at the western extremity of the later Court (Fig. 1).At the bottom of each of these Koulouras appeared walls and floors belonging to houses dating from the beginning of the first Middle Minoan period, which had been covered in at the time when the Court was extended and the Koulouras constructed—i.e. in Middle Minoan I. b or at the beginning of Middle Minoan II.