bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The risk of placenta accreta following primary elective caesarean delivery: a case–control study
Authors: Kamara M , Henderson JJ , Doherty DA , Dickinson JE , Pennell CE 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of placenta praevia accreta following primary (first) elective or primary emergency caesarean section in a pregnancy complicated by placenta praevia.DesignRetrospective matched case–control study, employing variable matching.SettingTertiary referral centre between 1993 and 2008.PopulationSixty‐five cases and 102 controls were used for the analysis from a total of 82 667 births during the study period.MethodsRelevant data were abstracted from clinical records. Matching of cases with controls was based on co‐existing placenta praevia, number of previous caesarean sections, and age, with one or two controls per case. Results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).Main outcome measuresPlacenta accreta in a pregnancy complicated by placenta praevia following a primary elective or emergency caesarean section, and morbidity associated with pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta.ResultsSignificantly more cases than controls had an elective caesarean section for their primary caesarean delivery (46.2 versus 18.6%; P < 0.001). There were no differences between groups for previous pregnancy loss, uterine surgery, and vaginal delivery, before or after the primary caesarean section. Compared with primary emergency caesarean section, primary elective caesarean section significantly increased the risk of placenta accreta in a subsequent pregnancy in the presence of placenta praevia (OR 3.00; 95% CI 1.47–6.12; P = 0.025).ConclusionsOur results suggest that women with a primary elective caesarean section without labour are more likely, compared with those undergoing primary emergency caesarean section with labour, to develop an accreta in a subsequent pregnancy with placenta praevia.
Nursing Home Staffing Requirements and Input Substitution: Effects on Housekeeping, Food Service, and Activities Staff
Authors: Bowblis John R. , Hyer Kathryn 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo study the effect of minimum nurse staffing requirements on the subsequent employment of nursing home support staff.Data SourcesNursing home data from the Online Survey Certification and Reporting (OSCAR) System merged with state nurse staffing requirements.Study DesignFacility‐level housekeeping, food service, and activities staff levels are regressed on nurse staffing requirements and other controls using fixed effect panel regression.Data Extraction MethodOSCAR surveys from 1999 to 2004.Principal FindingsIncreases in state direct care and licensed nurse staffing requirements are associated with decreases in the staffing levels of all types of support staff.ConclusionsIncreased nursing home nurse staffing requirements lead to input substitution in the form of reduced support staffing levels.
Subcontracting and Labour Standards: Reassessing the Potential of International Framework Agreements
Authors: Williams Glynne , Davies Steve , Chinguno Crispen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAttempts to regulate labour standards in multinational companies face clear difficulties, not least because companies themselves may not have the executive power to enforce terms throughout complex and fragmented subcontracting structures. In the case of international framework agreements (IFAs), this might suggest a fundamental weakness. Taking our example from the South African construction industry, this article presents an IFA in the context of both employer and union strategy. We demonstrate that a two‐track approach exists: highly interventionist approach to quality‐critical issues compared with labour‐related issues. On this basis, we suggest that, far from being over‐hyped, IFAs have yet to be taken seriously enough.
Social cognition training as an intervention for improving functional outcome in first‐episode psychosis: a feasibility study
Authors: Bartholomeusz Cali F. , Allott Kelly , Killackey Eoin , Liu Ping , Wood Stephen J. , Thompson Andrew 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundSocial cognitive deficits have a detrimental effect on social and role functioning at both early and late stages of psychotic illness.AimTo assess the feasibility of social cognition and interaction training (SCIT) in first‐episode psychosis (FEP).MethodsA total of 12 FEP participants were sequentially allocated to one of two SCIT groups, each of which met once per week for 10 consecutive weeks. Social cognition and functioning was assessed at baseline and post‐intervention.ResultsSCIT was well‐tolerated and retention was good. FEP participants improved significantly on measures of emotion recognition and social and occupational functioning.ConclusionsThis study extends previous research by applying SCIT early in the course of illness, with the rationale that there is greater brain plasticity in this developmental phase of life, and greater scope to reduce or prevent disability. Results suggest SCIT is acceptable to and potentially helpful for this young population, thus a large randomized controlled trial is warranted.
Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP‐Lausanne): implementation of an early intervention programme for psychosis in Switzerland
Authors: Baumann Philipp Sebastian , Crespi Sara , Marion‐Veyron Régis , Solida Alessandra , Thonney Jacques , Favrod Jérôme , Bonsack Charles , Do Kim Quang , Conus Philippe 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimIn a survey conducted in the Lausanne catchment area in 2000, we could estimate on the basis of file assessment that first‐episode psychosis (FEP) patients had psychotic symptoms for more than 2 years before treatment and that 50% did not attend any outpatient appointment after discharge from hospital. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a specialized programme aimed at improving engagement and quality of treatment for early psychosis patients in the Lausanne catchment area in Switzerland.MethodThe Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program‐Lausanne is a comprehensive 3‐year programme composed of (i) an outpatient clinic based on assertive case management; (ii) a specialized inpatient unit; and (iii) an intensive mobile team, connected for research to the Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience.ResultsEight years after implementation, the programme has included 350 patients with a disengagement rate of 9% over 3 years of treatment. All patients have been assessed prospectively and 90 participated in neurobiological research. Based on this experience, the Health Department funded the implementation of similar programmes in other parts of the state, covering a total population of 540 000 people.ConclusionProgrammes for early intervention in psychosis have a major impact on patients' engagement into treatment. While development of mobile teams and assertive case management with specific training are crucial, they do not necessitate massive financial support to be started. Inclusion of a research component is important as well, in terms of service planning and improvement of both quality of care and impact of early intervention strategies.
Prospective study of POLG mutations presenting in children with intractable epilepsy: Prevalence and clinical features
Authors: Uusimaa Johanna , Gowda Vasantha , McShane Anthony , Smith Conrad , Evans Julie , Shrier Annie , Narasimhan Manisha , O'Rourke Anthony , Rajabally Yusuf , Hedderly Tammy , Cowan Frances , Fratter Carl , Poulton Joanna 
Published: March 2013

SummaryPurposeTo assess the frequency and clinical features of childhood‐onset intractable epilepsy caused by the most common mutations in the POLG gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma.MethodsChildren presenting with nonsyndromic intractable epilepsy of unknown etiology but without documented liver dysfunction at presentation were eligible for this prospective, population‐based study. Blood samples were analyzed for the three most common POLG mutations. If any of the three tested mutations were found, all the exons and the exon–intron boundaries of the POLG gene were sequenced. In addition, we retrospectively reviewed the notes of patients presenting with intractable epilepsy in which we had found POLG mutations. All available clinical data were collected by questionnaire and by reviewing the medical records.Key FindingsWe analyzed 213 blood DNA samples from patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria of the prospective study. Among these, five patients (2.3%) were found with one of the three common POLG mutations as homozygous or compound heterozygous states. In addition, three patients were retrospectively identified. Seven of the eight patients had either raised cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate (n = 3) or brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes (n = 4) at presentation with intractable epilepsy. Three patients later developed liver dysfunction, progressing to fatal liver failure in two without previous treatment with sodium valproate (VPA). Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that one patient presented first with an autism spectrum disorder before seizures emerged.SignificanceMutations in POLG are an important cause of early and juvenile onset nonsyndromic intractable epilepsy with highly variable associated manifestations including autistic features. This study emphasizes that genetic testing for POLG mutations in patients with nonsyndromic intractable epilepsies is very important for clinical diagnostics, genetic counseling, and treatment decisions because of the increased risk for VPA‐induced liver failure in patients with POLG mutations. We recommend POLG gene testing for patients with intractable seizures and at least one elevated CSF lactate or suggestive brain MRI changes (predominantly abnormal T2‐weighted thalamic signal) with or without status epilepticus, epilepsia partialis continua, or liver manifestations typical for Alpers disease, especially when the disease course is progressive.
Dedolomitization and reservoir quality: insights from reactive transport modelling
Authors: Escorcia L‐.C. , Gomez‐Rivas E. , Daniele L. , Corbella M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDedolomitization or calcitization, the replacement of dolomite by calcite, modifies the porosity and permeability of carbonate rocks. This study evaluates the effects of dedolomitization on the porosity of carbonates by means of geochemical and reactive transport simulations. The obtained results indicate that dedolomitization is a slow process that may be triggered by cold meteoric water but also by warm groundwater at temperatures of ≤50°C. Dedolomitization is more efficient with fluid fluxes on the order of tens of metres per year. Most of the simulations performed in this study resulted in a loss of porosity due to calcitization. The rate of the dedolomitization reaction increases significantly when calcium‐bearing minerals with faster dissolution kinetics and smaller molar volume than calcite, such as anhydrite, are present in the system. In such situations, the porosity of the rock increases significantly (approximately 10%) during a time span of hundreds of thousands of years. Therefore, depending on its original composition, fluid flow conditions and fluid composition, the porosity of a tight dolostone can be enhanced and reach porosity values of reservoir rocks after being calcitized.
Primary rhabdoid adrenocortical carcinoma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of three cases
Authors: Weissferdt Annikka , Phan Alexandria , Suster Saul , Moran Cesar A 
Published: March 2013

AimsWe describe three cases of primary adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) with prominent rhabdoid features and study their clinicopathological and immunohistochemical properties.Methods and resultsThe patients were three females aged 45–55 years (mean 49 years), none of whom had any hormone‐related symptoms. Histologically, the characteristic features were rhabdoid tumour cells with prominent eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, eccentric vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Areas of more conventional ACC were present in all cases. Immunohistochemically, the rhabdoid component showed a similar staining pattern to conventional ACC, being positive for steroid receptor cofactor 1, inhibin, melan A, calretinin and synaptophysin, while negative for high molecular weight cytokeratin and Pax8. In addition, antimitochondrial antibodies showed a weak reaction and nuclear expression of integrase interactor 1 (INI1) was preserved. Clinical follow‐up information for two patients demonstrated that one patient was alive 237 months after diagnosis, and one patient had died of disease 4 months after diagnosis.ConclusionsACC with rhabdoid features are rare tumours that seem to mirror the clinical and immunohistochemical features of conventional ACC. In addition, they appear to display similar biological behaviour. Adrenocortical carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis when evaluating tumours of unknown origin with rhabdoid morphology.
Clinical features and treatment of intracranial chordoid meningioma: a report of 30 cases
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Qiang , Mei Guang‐Hai , Zhao Lin , Li Shi‐Ting , Gong Ye , Zhong Jun , Chen Hong , Jiang Cheng‐Chuan 
Published: March 2013

AimsTo discuss the clinical characteristics and prognosis of chordoid meningioma (CM).Methods and resultsTumour samples of CM from 30 patients were re‐examined. The postoperative outcomes were analyzed on the basis of clinical observations. The survival probabilities were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Thirty‐two operations were performed in 30 cases, including 27 operations for total removal and five operations for subtotal removal. The median follow‐up period was 34.0 months. Tumour recurred in five patients, with a median recurrence time of 32.0 months. No systemic manifestations of Castleman's syndrome were found. The majority (80%) of tumours were found in the supratentorial compartments. The MIB‐1 labelling index (MIB‐1 LI) varied from 1% to 10%. In univariate analyses, the presence of aggressive factors (P = 0.001) and the extent of resection (P = 0.037) were related to progression‐free survival (PFS). The MIB‐1 LI (P = 0.50) and postoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.62) were not related to PFS.ConclusionsChordoid meningioma is a rare subtype of meningioma, and is often found supratentorially. There is an absence of association with Castleman's syndrome. Aggressive factors and the extent of resection are helpful in predicting recurrence. It might be more pertinent to downgrade CM to grade I, unless it shows aggressive factors.
Theoretical and quantitative analyses of the fault slip rate uncertainties from single event and erosion of the accumulated offset
Authors: Ren Zhikun , Zhang Zhuqi , Chen Tao , Wang Weitao 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFault slip rate is one of the most important subjects in active tectonics research, which reveals the activity and seismic potential of a fault. Due to the improvement of dating precision with the development of dating methods, Holocene geological markers, even the young markers of thousands or hundreds of years old, are widely used in fault slip rate calculation. Usually, uncertainties from a single event and erosion of the accumulated offsets are involved in fault slip rate determination. Two types of uncertainties are related to a single event; the first is the time elapsed since the latest (the most recent) event; the second is the period since the formation of the geological marker to the occurrence of the first event. High‐slip‐rate faults are more sensitive to these uncertainties than low‐slip‐rate faults. In this study, we studied quantitatively the effects of a single event on fault slip rate following the three classic earthquake models: the characteristic earthquake, uniform slip and variable slip models. We suggest that the erosion of the accumulated offset–lateral erosion on a strike‐slip fault, should also be considered in fault slip estimation. Therefore, we propose a differential method to obtain a reliable fault slip rate. In the differential method, the slip rate is the ratio of offset differentials and corresponding age differentials between the older and younger terraces along strike‐slip faults. This kind of differential method could avoid the uncertainties from the first and latest events, as well as that from the lateral erosion. By applying the differential method, we got the revised slip rates of ∼5–10 mm/year on theAltynTagh andKunlun faults. These low slip rates could fit previous geodetic and geological fault slip rates and shortening rates as well as the millennial recurrence intervals of strong earthquakes along the major segments of these faults.
Geographical patterns of Triatominae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) richness and distribution in the Western Hemisphere
Authors: Diniz‐Filho José A. F. , Ceccarelli Soledad , Hasperué Waldo , Rabinovich Jorge 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Broad‐scale spatial patterns in species richness have been widely investigated with spatial statistics tools in the past few years. The primary goal of these investigations has been to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes underlying such patterns. Nevertheless, most of the current (climate) explanations for these patterns actually rely on the geographical range limits of species, so that a better understanding of such processes may be achieved by coupling richness and distribution (niche) models.
We analysed the geographical ranges and richness patterns for 115 triatomine species in the Neotropics, modelled as a function of 12 environmental variables expressing alternative hypotheses that have been used to explain richness gradients. These analyses were based on spatial [spatial eigenvector mapping (SEVM)] and non‐spatial ordinary least‐squares multiple regression models. The geographical ranges of species were also individually analysed using a general linear model (GLM). The coefficients of the regression models for richness and distribution were then compared.
Spatial analyses revealed that the unique contributions of spatial eigenvectors and environmental variables to richness were, respectively, equal to 24.2% and 12.2%, with high coefficient values for temperature, actual evapotranspiration, and seasonality. Similar results were obtained using a GLM, and the mean GLM coefficients had a relatively high correlation with those obtained with SEVM (r = 0.586; P < 0.05).
Our analyses show that the drivers of Neotropical Triatominae richness and of its species ranges show a high correlation, although the differences among the drivers may be important for understanding the emergent properties (historical processes and species‐specific environmental drivers) that explain richness patterns. Moreover, although our analyses identified an important role for temperature and temperature seasonality in explaining both species richness and distributions, other spatially structured environmental variables and historical factors may explain a large part of the variation in diversity patterns.
Expansion of interferon‐γ‐secreting HIV‐specific T cells during successful antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Gasser O , Brander C , Wolbers M , Brown NV , Rauch A , Günthard HF , Battegay M , Hess C ,   Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesAntiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV viraemia, thereby reducing the antigenic drive for T cells to proliferate. Accordingly, selected HIV‐specific T‐cell responses have been described to contract within weeks of ART initiation. Here, we sought to investigate whether these findings apply to the entire repertoire of HIV‐specific T cells.MethodsUsing interferon (IFN)‐γ enzyme linked immuno spot (ELISpot), we performed retrospective 2‐year proteome‐wide monitoring of HIV‐specific T cells in 17 individuals with undetectable viral loads during ART. The sample pool for each study subject consisted of one pre‐ART time‐point and at least two time‐points after initiation of therapy.ResultsPeripheral pools of HIV‐specific T cells decreased nonsignificantly within the first 2 years under ART in our cohort of patients, in terms of both breadth and magnitude. However, in most cases, the seeming decrease masked ongoing expansion of individual HIV‐specific T‐cell responses. We detected synchronous contraction and expansion of T‐cell responses – with different peptide specificities – in 12 out of 17 study participants during follow‐up. Importantly, the observed expansions and contractions of individual HIV‐specific T‐cell responses reached similar ranges, supporting the biological relevance of our findings.ConclusionsWe conclude that successful ART enables both contraction and expansion of HIV‐specific T‐cell responses. Our results should prompt a renewed interest in HIV‐specific T‐cell dynamics under ART, in particular to elucidate the mechanisms that uncouple, to some extent, particular HIV‐specific T‐cell responses from variations in circulating antigen load and functionally characterize expanding/contracting T‐cell populations beyond IFN‐γ secretion. Assuming that expanding HIV‐specific T‐cell responses under ART are protective and functional, harnessing those mechanisms may provide novel opportunities for assisting viral control in chronically infected individuals.
La Revue internationale du Travail, le BIT, l'OIT: fragments d'une histoire
Authors: BOLLÉ Patrick 
Published: March 2013

Résumé.La Revue internationale du Travail, comme l'OIT, approche un siècle d'existence. C'est l'occasion de revenir sur son histoire, en introduction de ce numéro hors‐série où nous avons choisi de publier essentiellement des articles écrits pour la Revue par des lauréats de prix Nobel de la paix ou d'économie. L'auteur rappelle les origines de la Revue– e traité de Versailles où elle est inscrite – et ses débuts, l'extension internationale de son lectorat et sa situation présente à l'heure de la diffusion électronique. Il présente ensuite brièvement les auteurs et les articles publiés qu'il met en perspective avec les débats et recherches d'aujourd'hui, dont la Revue continue de rendre compte.
La Revista Internacional del Trabajo y la OIT. Fragmentos de su historia
Authors: BOLLÉ Patrick 
Published: March 2013

Resumen.La Revista Internacional del Trabajo y la OIT cumplirán pronto 100 años. Consagramos a su historia la introducción al presente número extraordinario retrospectivo, que contiene esencialmente artículos escritos para nuestra publicación por autores galardonados con el Premio Nobel, de la paz o de economía. Recordaremos los orígenes de la Revista (el Tratado de Versalles, del que parte su publicación), la extensión internacional de su público lector y su situación actual en la era de la cultura electrónica. Después presentaremos brevemente a los autores y los artículos publicados a la luz de los debates e investigaciones actuales, que la Revista continúa difundiendo […] Seguir leyendo