bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genre, heteroglossic performances, and new identity: Stand-up comedy in modern French society
Authors: Vigouroux Cécile B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article analyses the ways in which stand-up comedy has been taken up by French comics of North and sub-Saharan African origins as a space of visibility and hearability. Following Bakhtin (1986), who argues that a genre reflects the social changes taking place in a society, I argue that such an appropriation should be considered as an important sociolinguistic fact that gives us privileged access to Hexagonal France's contemporary sociopolitical dynamics. I show that through their display of heteroglossic repertoires (viz. Maghrebi Arabic, several varieties of vernacular French, Hexagonal standard French, mesolectal African French, stylized chunks of English) comics challenge, at least symbolically, France's monoglot and highly centralized linguistic ideology. They also contribute to unsettling France's Republican model, which is marked by the institutional denial of the social and cultural diversity of the French population. The comics use heteroglossic resources to align with and disalign from multiple chronotopes associated with different social personae. From this emerges a new identity,urban,which both encompasses and transcends racial and ethnic categories. By contrast, I show that this identity is constructed through and received by the nonratified audience with ambivalence. (France, stand-up comedy, genre, urban, identity, chronotope, intertextuality.)*
Four Worlds of Welfare: Understanding Subnational Variation in Chinese Social Health Insurance
Authors: Huang Xian 
Published: April 2015

AbstractChina's social health insurance has expanded dramatically over the past decade. The increasing number of beneficiaries and benefits, however, has aggravated rather than mitigated regional disparities in health care. How can the regional variation in Chinese social health insurance be explained? This paper argues that the subnational variation in China's social health insurance results from the policy choices of central and local states. The central leadership, which is concerned about regime stability, delegates substantial discretionary authority to local state agents to accommodate diverse social needs and local circumstances. Local officials, who care about their political careers in the centralized personnel system, proactively design and implement social health insurance policy according to local situations such as fiscal resources and social risk. In specifying the rationale, conditions and patterns of regional variation in Chinese social health insurance, this paper addresses the general issue of how political leaders in an authoritarian regime respond to social needs.
Scoping review to identify potential non-antimicrobial interventions to mitigate antimicrobial resistance in commensal enteric bacteria in North American cattle production systems
Authors: MURPHY C. P. , FAJT V. R. , SCOTT H. M. , FOSTER M. J. , WICKWIRE P. , McEWEN S. A. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYA scoping review was conducted to identify modifiable non-antimicrobial factors to reduce the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in cattle populations. Searches were developed to retrieve peer-reviewed published studies in animal, human andin vitromicrobial populations. Citations were retained when modifiable non-antimicrobial factors or interventions potentially associated with antimicrobial resistance were described. Studies described resistance in five bacterial genera, species or types, and 40 antimicrobials. Modifiable non-antimicrobial factors or interventions ranged widely in type, and the depth of evidence in animal populations was shallow. Specific associations between a factor or intervention with antimicrobial resistance in a population (e.g. associations between organic systems and tetracycline susceptibility inE. colifrom cattle) were reported in a maximum of three studies. The identified non-antimicrobial factors or interventions were classified into 16 themes. Most reported associations between the non-antimicrobial modifiable factors or interventions and antimicrobial resistance were not statistically significant (P> 0·05 and a confidence interval including 1), but when significant, the results were not consistent in direction (increase or decrease in antimicrobial resistance) or magnitude. Research is needed to better understand the impacts of promising modifiable factors or interventions on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance before any recommendations can be offered or adopted.
Loss of Caspase-3 sensitizes colon cancer cells to genotoxic stress via RIP1-dependent necrosis
Authors: Brown M F , Leibowitz B J , Chen D , He K , Zou F , Sobol R W , Beer-Stolz D , Zhang L , Yu J 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCaspase-3 is the best known executioner caspase in apoptosis. We generated caspase-3 knockout (C3KO) and knockdown human colorectal cancer cells, and found that they are unexpectedly sensitized to DNA-damaging agents including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), etoposide, and camptothecin. C3KO xenograft tumors also displayed enhanced therapeutic response and cell death to 5-FU. C3KO cells showed intact apoptosis and activation of caspase-7 and -9, impaired processing of caspase-8, and induction of necrosis in response to DNA-damaging agents. This form of necrosis is associated with HMGB1 release and ROS production, and suppressed by genetic or pharmacological inhibition of RIP1, MLKL1, or caspase-8, but not inhibitors of pan-caspases or RIP3. 5-FU treatment led to the formation of a z-VAD-resistant pro-caspase-8/RIP1/FADD complex, which was strongly stabilized by caspase-3 KO. These data demonstrate a key role of caspase-3 in caspase-8 processing and suppression of DNA damage-induced necrosis, and provide a potentially novel way to chemosensitize cancer cells.
NF-κB inhibition reveals a novel role for HGF during skeletal muscle repair
Authors: Proto J D , Tang Y , Lu A , Chen W C W , Stahl E , Poddar M , Beckman S A , Robbins P D , Nidernhofer L J , Imbrogno K , Hannigan T , Mars W M , Wang B , Huard J 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/p65 is the master regulator of inflammation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Disease severity is reduced by NF-κB inhibition in the mdx mouse, a murine DMD model; however, therapeutic targeting of NF-κB remains problematic for patients because of its fundamental role in immunity. In this investigation, we found that the therapeutic effect of NF-κB blockade requires hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) production by myogenic cells. We found that deleting one allele of the NF-κB subunit p65 (p65+/−) improved the survival and enhanced the anti-inflammatory capacity of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) following intramuscular transplantation. Factors secreted from p65+/− MDSCs in cell cultures modulated macrophage cytokine expression in an HGF-receptor-dependent manner. Indeed, we found that following genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of basal NF-κB/p65 activity, HGF gene transcription was induced in MDSCs. We investigated the role of HGF in anti-NF-κB therapy in vivo using mdx;p65+/− mice, and found that accelerated regeneration coincided with HGF upregulation in the skeletal muscle. This anti-NF-κB-mediated dystrophic phenotype was reversed by blocking de novo HGF production by myogenic cells following disease onset. HGF silencing resulted in increased inflammation and extensive necrosis of the diaphragm muscle. Proteolytic processing of matrix-associated HGF is known to activate muscle stem cells at the earliest stages of repair, but our results indicate that the production of a second pool of HGF by myogenic cells, negatively regulated by NF-κB/p65, is crucial for inflammation resolution and the completion of repair in dystrophic skeletal muscle. Our findings warrant further investigation into the potential of HGF mimetics for the treatment of DMD.
Acquisition of meiotic DNA repair regulators maintain genome stability in glioblastoma
Authors: Rivera M , Wu Q , Hamerlik P , Hjelmeland A B , Bao S , Rich J N 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM), the most prevalent type of primary intrinsic brain cancer in adults, remains universally fatal despite maximal therapy, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Cytotoxic therapy generates double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs), most commonly repaired by homologous recombination (HR). We hypothesized that cancer cells coopt meiotic repair machinery as DSBs are generated during meiosis and repaired by molecular complexes distinct from genotoxic responses in somatic tissues. Indeed, we found that gliomas express meiotic repair genes and their expression informed poor prognosis. We interrogated the function of disrupted meiotic cDNA1 (DMC1), a homolog of RAD51, the primary recombinase used in mitotic cells to search and recombine with the homologous DNA template. DMC1, whose only known function is as an HR recombinase, was expressed by GBM cells and induced by radiation. Although targeting DMC1 in non-neoplastic cells minimally altered cell growth, DMC1 depletion in GBM cells decreased proliferation, induced activation of CHK1 and expression of p21CIP1/WAF1, and increased RPA foci, suggesting increased replication stress. Combining loss of DMC1 with ionizing radiation inhibited activation of DNA damage responses and increased radiosensitivity. Furthermore, loss of DMC1 reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival in vivo. Our results suggest that cancers coopt meiotic genes to augment survival under genotoxic stress, offering molecular targets with high therapeutic indices.
Structure of the Bacillus subtilis 70S ribosome reveals the basis for species-specific stalling
Authors: Sohmen Daniel , Chiba Shinobu , Shimokawa-Chiba Naomi , Innis C. Axel , Berninghausen Otto , Beckmann Roland , Ito Koreaki , Wilson Daniel N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRibosomal stalling is used to regulate gene expression and can occur in a species-specific manner. Stalling during translation of the MifM leader peptide regulates expression of the downstream membrane protein biogenesis factor YidC2 (YqjG) in Bacillus subtilis, but not in Escherichia coli. In the absence of structures of Gram-positive bacterial ribosomes, a molecular basis for species-specific stalling has remained unclear. Here we present the structure of a Gram-positive B. subtilis MifM-stalled 70S ribosome at 3.5–3.9 Å, revealing a network of interactions between MifM and the ribosomal tunnel, which stabilize a non-productive conformation of the PTC that prevents aminoacyl-tRNA accommodation and thereby induces translational arrest. Complementary genetic analyses identify a single amino acid within ribosomal protein L22 that dictates the species specificity of the stalling event. Such insights expand our understanding of how the synergism between the ribosome and the nascent chain is utilized to modulate the translatome in a species-specific manner.
Three-dimensional nanoscale molecular imaging by extreme ultraviolet laser ablation mass spectrometry
Authors: Kuznetsov Ilya , Filevich Jorge , Dong Feng , Woolston Mark , Chao Weilun , Anderson Erik H. , Bernstein Elliot R. , Crick Dean C. , Rocca Jorge J. , Menoni Carmen S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAnalytical probes capable of mapping molecular composition at the nanoscale are of critical importance to materials research, biology and medicine. Mass spectral imaging makes it possible to visualize the spatial organization of multiple molecular components at a sample’s surface. However, it is challenging for mass spectral imaging to map molecular composition in three dimensions (3D) with submicron resolution. Here we describe a mass spectral imaging method that exploits the high 3D localization of absorbed extreme ultraviolet laser light and its fundamentally distinct interaction with matter to determine molecular composition from a volume as small as 50 zl in a single laser shot. Molecular imaging with a lateral resolution of 75 nm and a depth resolution of 20 nm is demonstrated. These results open opportunities to visualize chemical composition and chemical changes in 3D at the nanoscale.
Association of vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and risk of bladder cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Fuqiang , Li Qingshu , Yu Yang , Yang Wenrong , Shi Fei , Qu Yan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association of vitamin C, D, E with risk of bladder cancer. Pertinent studies were identified in PubMed and Embase. The random-effect model was used. The relative risk (95% confidence interval) of bladder cancer was 0.99 (0.95–1.03) for every 100 IU/day increment in vitamin D from diet plus supplement and 0.95 (0.90–1.00) for every 10 nmol/L increment in circulating vitamin D. The effect for every 10 mg/day increment was 0.96 (0.90–1.02) for vitamin E from diet plus supplement, 0.83 (0.72–0.95) from diet and 0.88 (0.67–1.15) from supplement and the effect was 0.84 (0.76–0.94) for every 1 mg/dL increment in circulating α-Tocopherol and 1.22 (1.00–1.49) for every 0.1 mg/dL increment in circulating γ-Tocopherol. The observed association for vitamin D and vitamin E was significant among smokers but not among non-smokers. No significant association was found between vitamin C and risk of bladder cancer in the dose-response analysis. Based on the dose-response analysis, the risk of bladder cancer might be inversely associated with vitamin D and E (especially α-Tocopherol), but positively associated with γ-Tocopherol.
Enhanced Crystallinity of Epitaxial Graphene Grown on Hexagonal SiC Surface with Molybdenum Plate Capping
Authors: Jin Han Byul , Jeon Youngeun , Jung Sungchul , Modepalli Vijayakumar , Kang Hyun Suk , Lee Byung Cheol , Ko Jae-Hyeon , Shin Hyung-Joon , Yoo Jung-Woo , Kim Sung Youb , Kwon Soon-Yong , Eom Daejin , Park Kibog 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe crystallinity of epitaxial graphene (EG) grown on a Hexagonal-SiC substrate is found to be enhanced greatly by capping the substrate with a molybdenum plate (Mo-plate) during vacuum annealing. The crystallinity enhancement of EG layer grown with Mo-plate capping is confirmed by the significant change of measured Raman spectra, compared to the spectra for no capping. Mo-plate capping is considered to induce heat accumulation on SiC surface by thermal radiation mirroring and raise Si partial pressure near surface by confining the sublimated Si atoms between SiC substrate and Mo-plate, which would be the essential contributors of crystallinity enhancement.
Work-Hardening Induced Tensile Ductility of Bulk Metallic Glasses via High-Pressure Torsion
Authors: Joo Soo-Hyun , Pi Dong-Hai , Setyawan Albertus Deny Heri , Kato Hidemi , Janecek Milos , Kim Yong Chan , Lee Sunghak , Kim Hyoung Seop 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe mechanical properties of engineering materials are key for ensuring safety and reliability. However, the plastic deformation of BMGs is confined to narrow regions in shear bands, which usually result in limited ductilities and catastrophic failures at low homologous temperatures. The quasi-brittle failure and lack of tensile ductility undercut the potential applications of BMGs. In this report, we present clear tensile ductility in a Zr-based BMG via a high-pressure torsion (HPT) process. Enhanced tensile ductility and work-hardening behavior after the HPT process were investigated, focusing on the microstructure, particularly the changed free volume, which affects deformation mechanisms (i.e., initiation, propagation and obstruction of shear bands). Our results provide insights into the basic functions of hydrostatic pressure and shear strain in the microstructure and mechanical properties of HPT-processed BMGs.
A National Assessment of the Epidemiology of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome, China
Authors: Liu Kun , Zhou Hang , Sun Ruo-Xi , Yao Hong-Wu , Li Yu , Wang Li-Ping , Di Mu  , Li Xin-Lou , Yang Yang , Gray Gregory C. , Cui Ning , Yin Wen-Wu , Fang Li-Qun , Yu Hong-Jie , Cao Wu-Chun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFirst discovered in rural areas of middle-eastern China in 2009, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne zoonosis affecting hundreds of cases reported in China each year. Using the national surveillance data from 2010 to 2013, we conducted this retrospective epidemiological study and risk assessment of SFTS in China. We found that the incidence of SFTS and its epidemic areas are continuing to grow, but the case fatality rate (CFR) has steadily decreased. SFTS most commonly affected elderly farmers who acquired infection between May and July in middle-eastern China. However, other epidemiological characteristics such as incidence, sex ratio, CFR and seasonality differ substantially across the affected provinces, which seem to be consistent with local agricultural activities and the seasonal abundance of ticks. Spatial scan statistics detected three hot spots of SFTS that accounted for 69.1% of SFTS cases in China. There was a strong association of SFTS incidence with temporal changes in the climate within the clusters. Multivariate modeling identified climate conditions, elevation, forest coverage, cattle density and the presence of Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks as independent risk factors in the distribution of SFTS, based on which a predicted risk map of the disease was derived.
Enhancing participation to health screening campaigns by group interactions
Authors: Burioni Raffaella , Contucci Pierluigi , Fedele Micaela , Vernia Cecilia , Vezzani Alessandro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractImproving the prevention efficacy of health screening campaigns by increasing their attendance rate represents a challenge that calls for new strategies. This paper analyzes the response to a Pap test screening campaign of 155,000 women over the last decade. Using a mathematical model of statistical physics origins we derive a quantitative estimate of the mutual influence between participating groups. Different scenarios and possible actions are studied from the cost-benefit perspective. The performance of alternative strategies to improve participation are forecasted and compared. The results show that the standard strategies with incentives concentrated toward the low participating groups are outperformed by those toward pivotal groups with higher influence power. Our method provides a flexible tool useful to support policy maker decisions while complying with ethical regulations on privacy and confidentiality.
Three‐leg inverter configuration for simultaneous dual‐frequency induction hardening with independent control
Authors: Porpandiselvi S. , Vishwanathan Neti 
Published: April 2015

Parts of certain objects need hardening. Hardening is a heat treatment process which can be achieved by induction heating. Certain objects like gears require alternating source with two different frequencies. Simultaneous application of dual frequencies is desirable for proper hardening of a gear. This study proposes a three‐leg inverter topology with a load resonant circuit which can provide independent and simultaneous control of low‐frequency (LF) and high‐frequency (HF) currents through the load coil. The load circuit is a combination of two series resonant circuits which operates at the desired LF and HF. Power control is achieved with phase modulation and asymmetric duty cycle control techniques. A 240 W prototype of the proposed dual‐frequency inverter is implemented and tested. Experimental results obtained are in good agreement with the simulation results.
Low‐power single‐stage power factor rectifier based on discontinuous capacitor voltage mode double‐ended forward converter
Authors: Yang Jianbo , Faris Al‐Naemi , Zhang Weiping 
Published: April 2015

A double‐ended forward converter with an input inductor‐capacitor (LC) filter operating in discontinuous capacitor voltage mode is proposed in this study. The most important advantage of the proposed topology is that the operations of the proposed converter make the switches bear only a portion of the peak capacitor voltage without any extra control and auxiliary winding, which result in a relatively low switches voltage stress. This study presents a detailed analysis of the switch voltage stress. The experimental results for a 36 Vdc/100 W are presented.
Injury alters intrinsic functional connectivity within the primate spinal cord
Authors: Chen Li Min , Mishra Arabinda , Yang Pai-Feng , Wang Feng , Gore John C. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
This is the first study, to our knowledge, to demonstrate intrinsic functional connectivity within the spinal cords of monkeys, replicating and extending recent similar discoveries in humans. Our observations of spatially correlated patterns of MRI signals at rest indicate that neurons in different parts of the spinal horns show synchronized fluctuations in activity at rest just as found in the brain. Injury to the cord disrupts the integrity of this interhorn connectivity within and across spinal segments, showing these intrinsic correlations have functional relevance and mirror behavioral deficits in the injured monkeys. Quantification of the intrinsic functional connectivity within the spine after injury therefore has considerable potential as an imaging biomarker of spinal cord functional integrity, something long needed in clinical practice.
Evaluation of Dietary Soy Sensitivity in Snake River Cutthroat Trout
Authors: Ham Brian R , Barrows Frederic T , Huttinger Amberly , Duff Glenn C , Yeoman Carl J , Maskill Mark G , Sealey Wendy M 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The shift in commercial diet formulations for Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss toward formulations that include more plant ingredients, specifically an increased inclusion of soy products, may have negative implications for less-domesticated trout species fed these modern diets. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of increasing dietary soybean meal and soy protein concentrate inclusion on growth efficiency and intestinal health of Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii. To achieve this objective, a feeding trial was conducted with juvenile Snake River Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii behnkei fed a practical type formulation that included 0, 5, 10, 15, or 30% dietary soybean meal or soy protein concentrate. Feed and consumption, weight gain, proximate composition, intestinal health, and survival were compared. Juvenile Snake River Cutthroat Trout (initial weight, 28.1 ± 1.0 g/fish [mean ± SD]) were stocked at 20 fish per tank in 200-L tanks with three replicate tanks per diet. Fish were fed their respective diets for 10 weeks. Final fish weight was affected by dietary soy inclusion level (P = 0.0001) but not type (P = 0.7790), and no interaction was observed (P = 0.6019). Snake River Cutthroat Trout fed the diets with the highest level of soy protein inclusion (30%) were significantly larger than fish fed all other diets and had a final average fish weight of greater than 130 g (P = 0.0001). Feed conversion ratios were higher in fish fed diets with 0% and 5% soy inclusion than in fish fed the 10% or 30% soy inclusion diets (P = 0.0044). No significant effect of soy inclusion level (P = 0.0825) on feed intake was observed. Increased inflammation and decreased vacuolization, however, was observed in histological samples of the intestine of Cutthroat Trout fed the 30% soybean meal and soy protein concentrate diets. Additional research is necessary to determine whether the intestinal pathology observed can predispose Cutthroat Trout to pathogenic disease and/or negatively affect growth with extended feeding.