bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JS4Cloud: script‐based workflow programming for scalable data analysis on cloud platforms
Authors: Marozzo Fabrizio , Talia Domenico , Trunfio Paolo 
Published: June 2015

SummaryWorkflows are an effective paradigm to model complex data analysis processes, such as knowledge discovery in databases applications, which can be efficiently executed on distributed computing systems such as a Cloud platform. Data analysis workflows can be designed through visual programming, which is a convenient design approach for high‐level users. On the other hand, script‐based workflows are a useful alternative to visual workflows, because they allow expert users to program complex applications more effectively. In order to provide Cloud users with an effective script‐based data analysis workflow formalism, we designed the JS4Cloud language. The main benefits of JS4Cloud are as follows: (i) it extends the well‐known JavaScript language while using only its basic functions (arrays, functions, and loops); (ii) it implements both a data‐driven task parallelism that automatically spawns ready‐to‐run tasks to the Cloud resources and data parallelism through an array‐based formalism; and (iii) these two types of parallelism are exploited implicitly so that workflows can be programmed in a fully sequential way, which frees users from duties like work partitioning, synchronization, and communication. We describe how JS4Cloud has been integrated within the data mining cloud framework (DMCF), a system supporting the scalable execution of data analysis workflows on Cloud platforms. In particular, we describe how data analysis workflows modeled as JS4Cloud scripts are processed by DMCF by exploiting parallelism to enable their scalable execution on Clouds. Finally, we present some data analysis workflows developed with JS4Cloud and the performance results obtained by executing such workflows on DMCF. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novo‐G#: a multidimensional torus‐based reconfigurable cluster for molecular dynamics
Authors: Lawande Abhijeet G. , George Alan D. , Lam Herman 
Published: June 2015

SummaryMolecular dynamics (MD) is a large‐scale, communication‐intensive problem that has been the subject of high‐performance computing research and acceleration for years. Not surprisingly, the most success in accelerating MD comes from specialized systems such as the Anton machine. In this paper, we describe Novo‐G# (novo‐jee‐sharp), a multi‐node reconfigurable system designed for the acceleration of communication‐intensive scientific problems in general, and MD in particular. This system provides a high‐bandwidth, low‐latency 3D torus network to allow direct communication between kernels running on multiple field‐programmable gate arrays. We also present a performance model for Novo‐G# running the 3D Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) kernel that forms the core of MD simulations. We validate the model against published Anton performance data and through initial hardware experiments on Novo‐G#. Finally, through simulation studies, we show that this system at scale performs better than specialized systems like Anton and outperforms established CPU‐based clusters like Blue Gene/Q by an order of magnitude for the 3D FFT kernel, with greater flexibility and lower costs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phylogeography ofPogonomyrmex barbatusandP. rugosusharvester ants with genetic and environmental caste determination
Authors: Mott Brendon M. , Gadau Jürgen , Anderson Kirk E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe present a phylogeographic study of at least six reproductively isolated lineages of new world harvester ants within thePogonomyrmex barbatusandP. rugosusspecies group. The genetic and geographic relationships within this clade are complex: Four of the identified lineages show genetic caste determination (GCD) and are divided into two pairs. Each pair has evolved under a mutualistic system that necessitates sympatry. These paired lineages are dependent upon one another because theirGCDrequires interlineage matings for the production of F1 hybrid workers, and intralineage matings are required to produce queens. ThisGCDsystem maintains genetic isolation among these interdependent lineages, while simultaneously requiring co‐expansion and emigration as their distributions have changed over time. It has also been demonstrated that three of these fourGCDlineages have undergone historical hybridization, but the narrower sampling range of previous studies has left questions on the hybrid parentage, breadth, and age of these groups. Thus, reconstructing the phylogenetic and geographic history of this group allows us to evaluate past insights and hypotheses and to plan future inquiries in a more complete historical biogeographic context. Using mitochondrialDNAsequences sampled across most of the morphospecies’ ranges in the U.S.A. and Mexico, we conducted a detailed phylogeographic study. Remarkably, our results indicate that one of theGCDlineage pairs has experienced a dramatic range expansion, despite the genetic load and fitness costs of theGCDsystem. Our analyses also reveal a complex pattern of vicariance and dispersal inPogonomyrmexharvester ants that is largely concordant with models of late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene range shifts among various arid‐adapted taxa in North America.
Population substructure and space use of Foxe Basin polar bears
Authors: Sahanatien Vicki , Peacock Elizabeth , Derocher Andrew E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractClimate change has been identified as a major driver of habitat change, particularly for sea ice‐dependent species such as the polar bear (Ursus maritimus). Population structure and space use of polar bears have been challenging to quantify because of their circumpolar distribution and tendency to range over large areas. Knowledge of movement patterns, home range, and habitat is needed for conservation and management. This is the first study to examine the spatial ecology of polar bears in the Foxe Basin management unit of Nunavut, Canada. Foxe Basin is in the mid‐Arctic, part of the seasonal sea ice ecoregion and it is being negatively affected by climate change. Our objectives were to examine intrapopulation spatial structure, to determine movement patterns, and to consider how polar bear movements may respond to changing sea ice habitat conditions. Hierarchical and fuzzy cluster analyses were used to assess intrapopulation spatial structure of geographic position system satellite‐collared female polar bears. Seasonal and annual movement metrics (home range, movement rates, time on ice) and home‐range fidelity (static and dynamic overlap) were compared to examine the influence of regional sea ice on movements. The polar bears were distributed in three spatial clusters, and there were differences in the movement metrics between clusters that may reflect sea ice habitat conditions. Within the clusters, bears moved independently of each other. Annual and seasonal home‐range fidelity was observed, and the bears used two movement patterns: on‐ice range residency and annual migration. We predict that home‐range fidelity may decline as the spatial and temporal predictability of sea ice changes. These new findings also provide baseline information for managing and monitoring this polar bear population.
Hydrological resilience of a Canadian Rockies headwaters basin subject to changing climate, extreme weather, and forest management
Authors: Harder Phillip , Pomeroy John W. , Westbrook Cherie J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMarmot Creek Research Basin in the Canadian Rockies has been the site of intensive streamflow, groundwater, snow accumulation, precipitation, and air temperature observations at multiple elevations. The basin was instrumented in 1962, subjected to forestry experiments in the mid‐1970s, and experienced extreme flooding in 2013. Climate change, forest cover change, and recent extreme weather make the basin an ideal laboratory for studying hydrological resilience. Observations show increases in low elevation air temperature, multiple day and spring precipitation, interannual variability of precipitation, and high elevation groundwater levels. Observations also show decreases in peak seasonal snow accumulation and low elevation groundwater levels. Despite these substantial hydrometeorological and groundwater changes, streamflow volume, timing of peak, and magnitude of the peak are not changing. Streamflow volumes are also insensitive to forest cover changes and teleconnections. The June 2013 flood was unprecedented in the period of record, and the basin significantly moderated the hydrological response to the extreme precipitation; the 2013 storm precipitation depth was 65% greater than the next highest storm total over 51 years; however, the 2013 peak streamflow was only 32% greater than the next highest peak flow recorded. The hydrology of Marmot Creek Research Basin displays remarkable resilience to changing climate, extreme weather, and forest cover change. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring the freshness of fish: development of a qPCR method applied to MAP chilled whiting
Authors: Dehaut Alexandre , Krzewinski Frédéric , Grard Thierry , Chollet Marlène , Jacques Philippe , Brisabois Anne , Duflos Guillaume 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDMonitoring of early stages of freshness decay is a major issue for the fishery industry to guarantee the best quality for this highly perishable food matrix. Numerous techniques have been developed, but most of them have the disadvantage of being reliable only either in the last stages of fish freshness or for the analysis of whole fish. This study describes the development of a qPCR method targeting the torA gene harboured by fish spoilage microorganisms. torA encodes an enzyme that leads to the production of trimethylamine responsible for the characteristic spoiled‐fish odour.RESULTSA degenerate primer pair was designed. It amplified torA gene of both Vibrio and Photobacterium with good efficiencies on 7‐log DNA dilutions. The primer pair was used during a shelf‐life monitoring study achieved on modified atmosphere packed, chilled, whiting (Merlangius merlangus) fillets. The qPCR approach allows the detection of an increase of torA copies throughout the storage of fillets in correlation with the evolution of both total volatile basic nitrogen (−0.86) and trimethylamine concentrations (−0.81), known as spoilage markers.CONCLUSIONThis study described a very promising, sensitive, reliable, time‐effective, technique in the field of freshness characterisation of processed fish. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Mitigation of topological inconsistency attacks in RPL‐based low‐power lossy networks
Authors: Mayzaud Anthéa , Sehgal Anuj , Badonnel Rémi , Chrisment Isabelle , Schönwälder Jürgen 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe RPL is a routing protocol for low‐power and lossy networks. A malicious node can manipulate header options used by RPL to create topological inconsistencies, thereby causing denial of service attacks, reducing channel availability, increasing control message overhead, and increasing energy consumption at the targeted node and its neighborhood. RPL overcomes these topological inconsistencies via a fixed threshold, upon reaching which all subsequent packets with erroneous header options are ignored. However, this threshold value is arbitrarily chosen, and the performance can be improved by taking into account network characteristics. To address this, we present a mitigation strategy that allows nodes to dynamically adapt against a topological inconsistency attack based on the current network conditions. Results from our experiments show that our approach outperforms the fixed threshold and mitigates these attacks without significant overhead. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bisector and zero‐macrospin co‐rotational systems for shell elements
Authors: Izzuddin B. A. , Liang Y. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryA principal issue in any co‐rotational approach for large displacement analysis of plates and shells is associated with the specific choice of the local reference system in relation to the current deformed element configuration. Previous approaches utilised local co‐rotational systems, which are invariant to nodal ordering, a characteristic that is deemed desirable on several fronts; however, the associated definitions of the local reference system suffered from a range of shortcomings, including undue complexity, dependence on the local element formulation and possibly an asymmetric tangent stiffness matrix. In this paper, new definitions of the local co‐rotational system are proposed for quadrilateral and triangular shell elements, which achieve the invariance characteristic to the nodal ordering in a relatively simple manner and address the aforementioned shortcomings. The proposed definitions utilise only the nodal coordinates in the deformed configuration, where two alternative definitions, namely, bisector and zero‐macrospin definitions, are presented for each of quadrilateral and triangular finite elements. In each case, the co‐rotational transformations linking the local and global element entities are presented, highlighting the simplicity of the proposed approach. Several numerical examples are finally presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and relative accuracy of the alternative definitions proposed for the local co‐rotational system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matching on the disease risk score in comparative effectiveness research of new treatments
Authors: Wyss Richard , Ellis Alan R. , Brookhart M. Alan , Jonsson Funk Michele , Girman Cynthia J. , Simpson Ross J. , Stürmer Til 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeWe use simulations and an empirical example to evaluate the performance of disease risk score (DRS) matching compared with propensity score (PS) matching when controlling large numbers of covariates in settings involving newly introduced treatments.MethodsWe simulated a dichotomous treatment, a dichotomous outcome, and 100 baseline covariates that included both continuous and dichotomous random variables. For the empirical example, we evaluated the comparative effectiveness of dabigatran versus warfarin in preventing combined ischemic stroke and all‐cause mortality. We matched treatment groups on a historically estimated DRS and again on the PS. We controlled for a high‐dimensional set of covariates using 20% and 1% samples of Medicare claims data from October 2010 through December 2012.ResultsIn simulations, matching on the DRS versus the PS generally yielded matches for more treated individuals and improved precision of the effect estimate. For the empirical example, PS and DRS matching in the 20% sample resulted in similar hazard ratios (0.88 and 0.87) and standard errors (0.04 for both methods). In the 1% sample, PS matching resulted in matches for only 92.0% of the treated population and a hazard ratio and standard error of 0.89 and 0.19, respectively, while DRS matching resulted in matches for 98.5% and a hazard ratio and standard error of 0.85 and 0.16, respectively.ConclusionsWhen PS distributions are separated, DRS matching can improve the precision of effect estimates and allow researchers to evaluate the treatment effect in a larger proportion of the treated population. However, accurately modeling the DRS can be challenging compared with the PS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do case‐only designs yield consistent results across design and different databases? A case study of hip fractures and benzodiazepines
Authors: Requena Gema , Logie John , Martin Elisa , Boudiaf Nada , González González Rocío , Huerta Consuelo , Alvarez Arturo , Webb David , Bate Andrew , García Rodríguez Luis A. , Reynolds Robert , Schlienger Raymond , Gardarsdottir Helga , de Groot Mark , Klungel Olaf H. , de Abajo Fancisco , Douglas Ian J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe case‐crossover (CXO) and self‐controlled case series (SCCS) designs are increasingly used in pharmacoepidemiology. In both, relative risk estimates are obtained within persons, implicitly controlling for time‐fixed confounding variables.ObjectivesTo examine the consistency of relative risk estimates of hip/femur fractures (HFF) associated with the use of benzodiazepines (BZD) across case‐only designs in two databases (DBs), when a common protocol was applied.MethodsCXO and SCCS studies were conducted in BIFAP (Spain) and CPRD (UK). Exposure to BZD was divided into non‐use, current, recent and past use. For CXO, odds ratios (OR; 95%CI) of current use versus non‐use/past were estimated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for co‐medications (AOR). For the SCCS, conditional Poisson regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR; 95%CI) of current use versus non/past‐use, adjusted for age. To investigate possible event‐exposure dependence the relative risk in the 30 days prior to first BZD exposure was also evaluated.ResultsIn the CXO current use of BZD was associated with an increased risk of HFF in both DBs, AORBIFAP = 1.47 (1.29–1.67) and AORCPRD = 1.55 (1.41–1.70). In the SCCS, IRRs for current exposure was 0.79 (0.72–0.86) in BIFAP and 1.21 (1.13–1.30) in CPRD. However, when we considered separately the 30‐day pre‐exposure period, the IRR for current period was 1.43 (1.31–1.57) in BIFAP and 1.37 (1.27–1.47) in CPRD.ConclusionsCXO designs yielded consistent results across DBs, while initial SCCS analyses did not. Accounting for event‐exposure dependence, estimates derived from SCCS were more consistent across DBs and designs. © 2015 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Record 12.34% stabilized conversion efficiency in a large area thin‐film silicon tandem (MICROMORPH™) module
Authors: Cashmore Julian S. , Apolloni Marco , Braga Antonio , Caglar Onur , Cervetto Valentina , Fenner Yves , Goldbach‐Aschemann Stephanie , Goury Celine , Hötzel Jochen E. , Iwahashi Takashi , Kalas Jiri , Kitamura Masayuki , Klindworth Markus , Kupich Markus , Leu George‐Felix , Lin Jun , Lindic Marie‐Helene , Losio Paolo A. , Mates Tomas , Matsunaga Daisuke , Mereu Bogdan , Nguyen Xuan‐Viet , Psimoulis Ioanna , Ristau Sergej , Roschek Tobias , Salabas Aurel , Salabas Elena Lorena , Sinicco Ivan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMass‐adoption of thin‐film silicon (TF‐Si) photovoltaic modules as a renewable energy source can be viable if the cost of electricity production from the module is competitive with conventional energy solutions. Increased module performance (electrical power generated) is an approach to reduce this cost. Progress towards higher conversion efficiencies for ‘champion’ large area modules paves the way for mass‐production module performance to follow. At TEL Solar AG, Trübbach, Switzerland, significant progress in the absolute stabilized module conversion efficiency has been achieved through optimized solar cell design that integrates high‐quality amorphous and microcrystalline TF‐Si‐deposited materials with efficient light management and transparent conductive oxide layers in a tandem MICROMORPH™ module. This letter reports a world record large area (1.43 m2) stabilized module conversion efficiency of 12.34% certified by the European Solar Test Installation; an increase of more than 1.4% absolute compared with the previous record for a TF‐Si triple junction large area module. This breakthrough result generates more than 13.2% stabilized efficiency from each equivalent 1 cm2 of the active area of the full module. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermo‐ and pH‐sensitive triblock copolymers with tunable hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties
Authors: Pottier Christophe , Morandi Gaëlle , Dulong Virginie , Souguir Zied , Picton Luc , Le Cerf Didier 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPolymers consisting of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and statistical poly[(acrylic acid)‐co‐(tert‐butylacrylate)] (P(AA‐co‐tBA)), attached to both extremities of Jeffamine® (D series based on a poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) with one amine function at each end) using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) are presented in this article. An original bifunctional amide‐based macroinitiator was first elaborated from Jeffamine®. tBA polymerization was subsequently initiated from this macroinitiator. This polymerization occurs in a well‐controlled manner leading to narrow molecular weights distribution. Amphiphilic copolymers were finally obtained after complete or partial hydrolysis of the PtBA blocks into PAA. The control of the partial hydrolysis of tBA units, conducted in a concentrated HCl/tetrahydrofuran mixture, is demonstrated. The properties of the triblock copolymers were preliminary investigated in aqueous solution by absorbance, DLS measurements and SEC/MALS/DV/DRI analysis as a function of temperature and pH modifications, providing evidences of thermo‐ and pH‐sensitive self‐assembly of the copolymers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2606–2616
Control through monomer placement of surface properties and morphology of fluoromethacrylate copolymers
Authors: Chen Ao , Blakey Idriss , Jack Kevin S. , Whittaker Andrew K. , Peng Hui 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe arrangement of monomers and morphology of fluorinated copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) were found to be important for controlling the surface energy of the materials when formed into thin films. Novel copolymers of MMA and 2,2,3,3,4,4,4‐heptafluorobutyl methacrylate (F3MA) were prepared with different monomer placement, namely statistical and block arrangements of the monomer units. The surface energies decreased with increasing incorporation of F3MA, in a manner consistent with previous reports for similar copolymers; however, the surface energies of the block copolymers were consistently lower than the statistical copolymers. This was interpreted as arising from conformational restriction of presentation of the fluoromonomers to the surface in the statistical copolymers, and formation of phase‐separated domains at the surface of the block copolymers. The morphology of the block copolymers was confirmed by small angle X‐ray scattering measurements, which allowed calculation of a solubility parameter for the fluorinated segments. The results have implications for the design of more environmentally acceptable materials with ultra‐low surface energies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2633–2641
How active ingredient localisation in plant tissues determines the targeted pest spectrum of different chemistries
Authors: Buchholz Anke , Trapp Stefan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe efficacies of four commercial insecticides and of two research compounds were tested against aphids (Aphis craccivora and Myzus persicae), whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and red‐spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) in intrinsic (oral administration), curative (direct contact spray) and translaminar (arthropods infested on untreated leaf underside) assays. With a new translaminar model, the transport across the leaf cuticle and tissues and the electrochemical distribution of test compounds in cellular compartments and apoplast were calculated.RESULTSThe comparison of both information sets revealed that the intracellular localisation of active ingredients determines the performance of test compounds against different target pests because of different feeding behaviours: mites feed on mesophyll, and aphids and whiteflies mostly in the vascular system. Polar compounds have a slow adsorption into leaf cells and thus a favourable distribution into apoplast and xylem sap. Slightly lipophilic bases get trapped in vacuoles, which is a less suited place to control hemipteran pests but appropriate to control mites. Non‐favourable cellular localisation led to a strong reduction in translaminar efficacy against phloem feeders.CONCLUSIONPrediction and optimisation of intracellular localisation of pesticides add valuable new information for targeted bioavailability and can indicate directions for improved pesticide design. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry