bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth Size and Brain Function 75 Years Later
Authors: Muller Majon , Sigurdsson Sigurdur , Kjartansson Olafur , Jonsson Palmi V. , Garcia Melissa , von Bonsdorff Mikaela B. , Gunnarsdottir Ingibjorg , Thorsdottir Inga , Harris Tamara B. , van Buchem Mark , Gudnason Vilmundur , Launer Lenore J. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND:
There are several lines of evidence pointing to fetal and other early origins of diseases of the aging brain, but there are no data directly addressing the hypotheses in an older population. We investigated the association of fetal size to late-age measures of brain structure and function in a large cohort of older men and women and explored the modifying effect of education on these associations.

METHODS:
Within the AGES (Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility)-Reykjavik population-based cohort (born between 1907 and 1935), archived birth records were abstracted for 1254 men and women who ∼75 years later underwent an examination that included brain MRI and extensive cognitive assessment.

RESULTS:
Adjustment for intracranial volume, demographic and medical history characteristics, and lower Ponderal index at birth (per kg/m3), an indicator of third-trimester fetal wasting, was significantly associated with smaller volumes of total brain and white matter; βs (95% confidence intervals) were −1.0 (−1.9 to −0.0) and −0.5 (−1.0 to −0.0) mL. Furthermore, lower Ponderal index was associated with slower processing speed and reduced executive functioning but only in those with low education (β [95% confidence interval]: −0.136 [−0.235 to −0.036] and −0.077 [−0.153 to −0.001]).

CONCLUSIONS:
This first study of its kind provides clinical measures suggesting that smaller birth size, as an indicator of a suboptimal intrauterine environment, is associated with late-life alterations in brain tissue volume and function. In addition, it shows that the effects of a suboptimal intrauterine environment on late-life cognitive function were present only in those with lower educational levels.
Initial force systems during bodily tooth movement with plastic aligners and composite attachments: A three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Gomez Juan Pablo , Peña Fabio Marcelo , Martínez Valentina , Giraldo Diana C. , Cardona Carlos Iván 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To describe, using a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model, the initial force system generated during bodily movement of upper canines with plastic aligners with and without composite attachments.

Materials and Methods:
A CAD model of an upper right canine, its alveolar bone and periodontal ligament, thermoformed plastic aligner, and two light-cured composite attachments were constructed. A FE model was used to analyze the effects of imposing a distal movement condition of 0.15 mm on the aligner (simulating the mechanics used to produce a distal bodily movement) with and without composite attachments.

Results:
In terms of tension and compression stress distribution, without composite attachments a compression area in the cervical third of the distal root surface and a tension area in the apical third of the mesial surface were observed. With composite attachments, uniform compression areas in the distal root surface and uniform tension area in the mesial root surface were observed. Compression areas in the active surfaces of the composite attachments were also observed. In terms of movement patterns, an uncontrolled distal inclination, with rotation axis between the middle and cervical root thirds, was observed without composite attachment. Distal bodily movement (translation) was observed with composite attachment.

Conclusions:
In a three-dimensional FE analysis of a plastic aligner system biomechanically supplementary composite attachments generate the force system required to produce bodily tooth movement; the absence of biomechanically supplementary composite attachments favors the undesired inclination of the tooth during the translation movements.
Proportion of and risk factors for open fractures of the appendicular skeleton in dogs and cats
Authors: Millard Ralph P. , Weng Hsin-Yi 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the proportion of and risk factors for open fractures of the appendicular skeleton in dogs and cats that were a result of acute trauma.
Design—Cross-sectional and case-control study.
Animals—84,629 dogs and 26,675 cats.
Procedures—Dogs and cats examined at Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital from January 1993 through February 2013 were identified; the proportion of open fractures was estimated from the medical records. Additionally, all incident cases of open (77 dogs and 33 cats) and closed (469 dogs and 80 cats) fractures between January 1993 and February 2013 and a random sample of nonfracture patients (722 dogs and 330 cats) in 2010 were used to assess risk factors for open appendicular fractures.
Results—Proportion of open fractures for the 20-year period was 0.09% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07% to 0.11%) in dogs and 0.12% (95% CI, 0.09% to 0.17%) in cats. Seventy-seven of 546 (14.1%) and 33 of 113 (29.2%) traumatic fractures were classified as open in dogs and cats, respectively. Comminuted fractures were more likely than other configurations to be open in dogs (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 2.9 to 12.2) and cats (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.0 to 12.0). Vehicle-related trauma was a significant risk factor for open fractures in dogs (OR, 13.8; 95% CI, 3.1 to 61.8).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The proportion of incident open fractures in dogs and cats was low. Age, body weight, affected bone or bone segment, fracture configuration, and method of trauma were associated with an open fracture.
Feeding practices of dog breeders in the United States and Canada
Authors: Connolly Kevin M. , Heinze Cailin R. , Freeman Lisa M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine the proportion of dog breeders who fed diets meeting the Association of American Feed Control Officials regulations for nutritional adequacy for reproduction and growth and to investigate factors that influenced feeding practices of breeders.
Design—Web-based cross-sectional survey.
Sample—2,067 dog breeders from the United States and Canada.
Procedures—A self-administered, anonymous, Web-based questionnaire was used to collect information on breeder demographics and feeding practices during 3 life stages of dogs: adult maintenance for nonpregnant dogs, gestation-lactation, and puppy growth. Appropriateness of commercial diets for each life stage was determined by respondent-reported nutritional adequacy statements on product labels. Data were also collected regarding breeder criteria for diet selection and sources of nutrition information.
Results—A substantial number of breeders reported feeding commercial diets not intended for that life stage during gestation-lactation (126/746 [16.9%]) and puppy growth (57/652 [8.7%]). Additionally, approximately one-seventh of breeders reported feeding home-prepared diets for ≥ 1 life stage. Unsubstantiated health and marketing information influenced diet selection of many breeders. Veterinarians, although generally viewed as a trusted source of nutrition information, were consulted by only 823 of 1,669 (49.3%) breeders and were viewed less favorably by breeders feeding home-prepared diets, compared with the opinion of breeders feeding commercial diets.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Veterinarians should consider taking a more proactive role in directing dog breeders and other pet owners toward scientifically substantiated sources of diet information and in explaining the importance of current nutritional standards for reproduction and early development of dogs.
Complications and outcomes following rectal pull-through surgery in dogs with rectal masses: 74 cases (2000–2013)
Authors: Nucci Daniel J. , Liptak Julius M. , Selmic Laura E. , Culp William T. N. , Durant April M. , Worley Deanna , Maritato Karl C. , Thomson Maurine , Annoni Maurizio , Singh Ameet , Matz Brad , Benson John , Buracco Paolo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the incidence of and factors associated with complications following rectal pull-through (RPT) surgery and the outcome for dogs with rectal tumors.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—74 dogs with rectal masses.
Procedures—Information regarding signalment, history, diagnostic testing, type of rectal disease, surgical details, and postoperative complications, treatments, and outcomes was obtained from medical records and follow-up communications. Survival times were calculated. Descriptive statistics were generated. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the effect of various variables on the development of postsurgical complications and survival time.
Results—58 (78.4%) dogs developed postsurgical complications, the most common of which was fecal incontinence with 42 (56.8%) dogs affected, of which 23 (54.8%) developed permanent incontinence. Other complications included diarrhea (n = 32), tenesmus (23), stricture formation (16), rectal bleeding (8), constipation (7), dehiscence (6), and infection (4). The rectal tumor recurred in 10 dogs. The median survival time was 1,150 days for all dogs and 726 days for dogs with malignant tumors. The 2 most common rectal masses were rectal carcinoma and rectal carcinoma in situ, and the dogs with these tumors had median survival times of 696 and 1,006 days, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dogs with rectal diseases that underwent RPT surgery had a high incidence of complications; however, those dogs had good local tumor control and survival times. The risk and impact of postsurgical complications on the quality of life and oncological outcomes should be discussed with owners before RPT surgery is performed in dogs with rectal masses.
Seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus in alpacas in the United States and assessment of risk factors for exposure, 2006–2007
Authors: Jarvinen Julie Ann C. , O'Connor Annette M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Objective—To estimate seroprevalence of antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and incidence of seroconversion in alpacas in the United States during 2006 to 2007 and to evaluate associations between BVDV seropositive status and potential risk factors for exposure to BVDV.
Design—Cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study.
Sample—Blood samples from 192 alpacas > 6 months old in 39 herds from 20 states; 40 owners who completed questionnaires.
Procedures—550 US alpaca owners, stratified by state and randomly selected from a list of approximately 4,300 owners, were mailed a study description, voluntary participation request, and questionnaire. Thirty-nine owners submitted blood samples from up to 6 alpacas > 6 months old; 27 of 39 owners submitted another blood sample from the same alpacas > 1 month later. Samples were tested for serum virus-neutralizing antibodies against BVDV. Seropositive status was used to indicate BVDV exposure. Associations between seropositive status and potential risk factors for BVDV exposure described in questionnaires were evaluated by use of a Fisher exact test.
Results—8 of 192 (4.2%) alpacas in 3 of 39 (7.7%) herds were seropositive. Larger herds had a greater percentage of seropositive alpacas than did smaller herds. No alpaca from which a second blood sample was obtained seroconverted during 292 to 1,460 alpaca-days (mean, 740 alpaca-days) of potential exposure.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results contributed to information on assessment of BVDV prevalence, risk factors for exposure, and alpaca industry practices in 2006 to 2007 during the emergence of BVDV as a major disease in alpacas.
Foreign Policy Making and the U.S. Vision of European Integration in the Nixon Era
Authors: Nguyen Hang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This paper offers an insight into Washington’s foreign policy establishment and its vision of European integration under the Nixon administration. It argues that President Nixon and his National Security Advisor, Henry Kissinger, managed to formulate many important aspects of foreign policy at the White House. From a realist perspective, the Nixon-Kissinger team saw the emergence of a new world order and in it the evolvement of European integration in a way different from previous U.S. administrations. The paper begins by discussing the Nixon administration’s realist approach to foreign policy before analyzing President Nixon’s determination to make decisions on foreign relations at the White House. Next, the paper examines the main features of the Nixon-Kissinger team’s vision of European integration. It concludes that, as realists, the Nixon administration supported integration in Western Europe, yet Washington was ambivalent if a united Europe with increasing self-confidence and self-assertiveness would be in the U.S. national interest. Henceforth, the European integration process had to be, in the Nixon-Kissinger view, taking place under U.S. control in the form of the consultative mechanism and the U.S. military umbrella.
Structural elastic and thermal properties of SrxCd1−x
O mixed compounds — a theoretical approach
Authors: Bhardwaj Purvee 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In the present paper, the structural and mechanical properties of alkaline earth oxides mixed compound SrxCd1−x
O (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) under high pressure have been reported. An extended interaction potential (EIP) model, including the zero point vibrational energy effect, has been developed for this study. Phase transition pressures are associated with a sudden collapse in volume. Phase transition pressure and associated volume collapses [ΔV (Pt)/V(0)] calculated from this approach are in good agreement with the experimental values for the parent compounds (x = 0 and x = 1). The results for the mixed crystal counterparts are also in fair agreement with experimental data generated from the application of Vegard’s law to the data for the parent compounds.
Studies of CdI2-Bi3 microstructures with optical methods, atomic force microscopy and positron annihilation spectroscopy
Authors: Karbovnyk Ivan , Bolesta Ivan , Rovetskii Ivan , Velgosh Sergiy , Klym Halyna 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Results of the comprehensive morphological study of CdI2-BiI3 layered crystals are presented. Direct AFM observations of micro- and nanostructures formed in the volume of the crystals confirm the predictions made on the basis of positron annihilation spectroscopy studies. The model explaining the possible pores formation mechanism is proposed and validated by the results of luminescence measurements at 8 K.
Men in Early Childhood: A Moral Panic? A research report from a UK University
Authors: Cronin Mark 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Significant changes in the role fathers play in their children’s care alongside the increased interest shown by teenage boys in working with young children has so far resulted in no noticeable increase in the numbers of men working in Early Childhood in the UK. Previous research has identified how the gendered nature of this workforce presents significant barriers to men’s involvement combined with an increasingly dogmatic media discourse which represents men solely as a threat to young children. The research reported in this paper explored the experiences of a group of undergraduate male students in their pursuit of a career working with young children and to what degree the dynamics of being othered had impacted them. It also sought to consider the rhetoric and reality of recent UK government attempts to address the imbalance in the Early Childhood workforce. Thirteen male students from two undergraduate programmes at a UK University were interviewed for this study. The research data identified a number of risk factors which present barriers to men’s involvement in Early Childhood such as gender stereotyping, marginalisation or ‘othering’ of men and negative media discourses. It also identified potential protective factors which enable men’s involvement such as supportive family and friends, male role-models and a sense of social responsibility. Broader reflections also identified the significant difference between the UK government rhetoric in support of increasing men’s participation in Early Childhood and the reality of the active indifference shown to challenging the barriers to participation driven by political motives which has effectively generated a new ‘moral panic’ around men working with young children.
How Do High School Seniors See Their Future? Parental and Peer Influences on Their Personal and Professional Plans
Authors: Iovu Mihai-Bogdan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Statement of problem: Future orientation is a multidimensional and multistage phenomenon. Studies have indicated that how adolescents anticipate and plan for their future is greatly influenced by the particular context in which they are placed, but most of the research in this area has been conducted with adolescents from western cultures. Aim: This study examined the personal (getting married, moving with the partner, having a child) and professional (having a job, starting a business) future planning of adolescents in contemporary Romania and its relation with adolescents’ background and with parents and friends support. Method: We administered a questionnaire measuring their future orientation and support from parents and friends to 3524 high school seniors from Romania. Results: Adolescents’ personal future planning varies across different life domains. Females were more likely to plan moving with the partner and getting married, while males were more likely to plan a career option. Family had an effect on professional plans, but the effect is negative, while friends were positive associated with all the future planning
On some Problem of Sierpiński and Ruziewicz Concerning the Superposition of Measurable Functions. Microscopic Hamel Basis
Authors: Karasińska Aleksandra , Wagner-Bojakowska Elżbieta 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
S. Ruziewicz and W. Sierpiński proved that each function f : ℝ → ℝ can be represented as a superposition of two measurable functions. Here, a strengthening of this theorem is given. The properties of Lusin set and microscopic Hamel bases are considered
On some Modification of Świtąkowski Property
Authors: Ivanova Gertruda , Wagner-Bojakowska Elzbieta 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We introduce some families of functions ƒ : ℝ → ℝ modifying the Darboux property analogously as it was done by [Maliszewski, A.: On the limits of strong Świątkowski functions, Zeszyty Nauk. Politech. Łódź. Mat. 27 (1995), 87-93], replacing continuity with A-continuity, i.e., the continuity with respect to some family A of subsets in the domain. We prove that if A has (*)-property then the family DA of functions having A-Darboux property is contained and dense in the family DQ of Darboux quasi-continuous functions.
Vestibular dysfunction in Apert Syndrome
Authors: Mills Heide , Perera Mark , Veness John , Raglan Ewa 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:
Apert syndrome affects the craniofacial structures resulting in craniosynostosis, craniofacial anomalies and syndactyly. Although many characteristic features are recognized, vestibular dysfunction is a little known feature that can often be present. This can cause a delay in the attainment of gross motor milestones and impair motor function. We aimed to examine this cohort to review the incidence of vestibular hypofunction and to assess the effect on motor function.

Study design:
We performed a retrospective analysis of 55 Apert syndrome patients who had undergone audiological review at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children.

Results:
50.9% of patients experienced balance difficulties; 18.1% of patients (all of whom had delayed motor milestones) underwent clinical examination and vestibular assessment. Results showed only 20% of patients had bilateral vestibular function present; 30% of patients had unilateral and 50% bilateral vestibular hypofunction. Two patients who initially presented with imbalance and vestibular hypofunction experienced significant improvement in symptoms on re-examination following vestibular physiotherapy.

Conclusion:
Vestibular dysfunction is a feature of Apert syndrome. Although the imbalance may be attributable to mechanical problems arising from syndactyly, it is important to recognize that a vestibular component can coexist. This is not well recognized, poorly understood and scarcely treated. We aim to increase awareness of vestibular dysfunction in Apert syndrome and advocate a high index of suspicion, particularly in the presence of motor milestone delay. Early detection, thorough vestibular assessment and prompt initiation of vestibular physiotherapy can aid vestibular compensation, rehabilitating patients and maximizing their functional attainment.
Group-mediated Physical Activity Promotion and Mobility in Sedentary Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Results from the IMPACT-Pilot Trial
Authors: Focht Brian C. , Garver Matthew J. , Devor Steven T. , Dials Justin , Lucas Alexander R. , Emery Charles F. , Hackshaw Kevin V. , Rejeski W. Jack 
Published: September 2014

Objective.To compare the effects of a group-mediated cognitive behavioral exercise intervention (GMCB) with traditional center-based exercise therapy (TRAD) on objectively assessed levels of physical activity (PA) and mobility in sedentary patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods.The Improving Maintenance of Physical Activity in Knee Osteoarthritis Trial-Pilot (IMPACT-P) was a 12-month, 2-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled pilot study designed to compare the effects of GMCB and TRAD on 80 sedentary patients with knee OA with self-reported difficulty in daily activities [mean age 63.5 yrs, 84% women, mean body mass index (BMI) 32.7 kg/m2]. Objective assessments of PA (LIFECORDER Plus Accelerometer) and mobility (400-m walk) were obtained at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months by study personnel blinded to participants’ treatment assignment.Results.Intent to treat 2 (treatment: GMCB and TRAD) × 2 (time: 3 mos and 12 mos) analyses of covariance of controlling for baseline, age, sex, and BMI-adjusted change in the outcomes demonstrated that the GMCB intervention yielded significantly greater increases in PA (p < 0.01) and a nonsignificant yet more favorable improvement in mobility (p = 0.09) relative to TRAD. Partial correlation analyses also revealed that change in PA was significantly correlated with the 400-m walk performance at 3-month (r = −0.51, p < 0.01) and 12-month (r = −0.40, p < 0.01) followup assessments.Conclusion.Findings from the IMPACT-P trial suggest that the GMCB treatment resulted in significantly greater improvement in PA and nonsignificant yet more favorable change in mobility relative to TRAD.