bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TGR5 signalling inhibits the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by in vitro differentiated inflammatory and intestinal macrophages in Crohn's disease
Authors: Yoneno Kazuaki , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Shimamura Katsuyoshi , Kamada Nobuhiko , Ichikawa Riko , Kitazume Mina T. , Mori Maiko , Uo Michihide , Namikawa Yuka , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Sato Toshiro , Koganei Kazutaka , Sugita Akira , Kanai Takanori , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: April 2013

SummaryBile acids (BAs) play important roles not only in lipid metabolism, but also in signal transduction. TGR5, a transmembrane receptor of BAs, is an immunomodulative factor, but its detailed mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aimed to delineate how BAs operate in immunological responses via the TGR5 pathway in human mononuclear cell lineages. We examined TGR5 expression in human peripheral blood monocytes, several types of in vitro differentiated macrophages (Mϕs) and dendritic cells. Mϕs differentiated with macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and interferon‐γ (Mγ‐Mϕs), which are similar to the human intestinal lamina propria CD14+ Mϕs that contribute to Crohn's disease (CD) pathogenesis by production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, highly expressed TGR5 compared with any other type of differentiated Mϕ and dendritic cells. We also showed that a TGR5 agonist and two types of BAs, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, could inhibit tumour necrosis factor‐α production in Mγ‐Mϕs stimulated by commensal bacterial antigen or lipopolysaccharide. This inhibitory effect was mediated by the TGR5–cAMP pathway to induce phosphorylation of c‐Fos that regulated nuclear factor‐κB p65 activation. Next, we analysed TGR5 levels in lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) obtained from the intestinal mucosa of patients with CD. Compared with non‐inflammatory bowel disease, inflamed CD LPMCs contained more TGR5 transcripts. Among LPMCs, isolated CD14+ intestinal Mϕs from patients with CD expressed TGR5. In isolated intestinal CD14+ Mϕs, a TGR5 agonist could inhibit tumour necrosis factor‐α production. These results indicate that TGR5 signalling may have the potential to modulate immune responses in inflammatory bowel disease.
Benefit dependency: The pros and cons of using “caseload” data for national and international comparisons
Authors: De Deken Johan , Clasen Jochen 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPolicy‐makers in advanced welfare states have increasingly expressed concerns over large numbers of working‐age people claiming social security support. Accordingly, policies aimed at reducing the level of “benefit dependency” have gained prominence. However, such policies rest on shaky empirical evidence. Systematic collections of national “caseload” data are rare, social security programmes overlap and administrative categories vary over time. The internationally inconsistent treatment of national transfer programmes provides a further challenge for cross‐national comparisons. This article first identifies and discusses several of these problems, and ways in which they may be addressed. It then employs administrative claimant data from six European countries as a way of illustrating trends over time and across countries. The underlying aim is to explore the scientific potential of benefit recipient numbers as an indicator for welfare state change over time and across countries.
Retirement and health benefits for Mexican migrant workers returning from the United States
Authors: Aguila Emma , Zissimopoulos Julie 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the absence of a bilateral agreement for the portability and totalization of social security contributions between the United States and Mexico, this article examines the access to pension and health insurance benefits and employment status of older Mexican return migrants. We find that return migrants who have spent less than a year in the United States have a similar level of access to social security benefits as non‐migrants. Return migrants who have spent at least a year in the United States are less likely to have public health insurance or social security benefits, and could be more vulnerable to poverty in old age. These results inform the debate on a bilateral social security agreement between the United States and Mexico to improve return migrants' social security.
Mapping Heterotic Loci for Yield and Agronomic Traits Using Chromosome Segment Introgression Lines in Cotton
Authors: Guo Xian , Guo Yuping , Ma Jun , Wang Fang , Sun Mizhen , Gui Lijuan , Zhou Jiajia , Song Xianliang , Sun Xuezhen , Zhang Tianzhen 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the present study, a set of chromosome segment introgression lines (CSILs) using Gossypium hirsutum L. TM‐1 as the recipient parent and G. barbadense Hai7124 as the donor parent were used to explore the genetic basis of heterosis for interspecific hybrids. Two sets of F1 populations individually derived from CSILs crossing with both parents were configured to investigate heterotic loci (HL) and substitution effect loci (SL). A total of 58 HL and 39 SL were identified in 3 years. One stable HL, hLP‐A4‐3, could be detected in all 3 years. Three HLs, hBS‐A8‐1, hLP‐D6‐1, and hSI‐D7‐11, could be detected in 2 years. Four SLs, sBS‐D7‐1, sLP‐A8‐1, sLP‐D7‐1, and sLP‐D12‐1, could be detected in 2 years. HL and SL tended to be distributed in some HL‐rich chromosome segments with close positions. Compared with QTL detected in a former study, HL showed little overlap with QTL, indicating that trait phenotype and heterosis might be controlled by different sets of loci. All three forms of genetic effects (partial‐, full‐, over‐dominant) were identified, while the over‐dominant effect made the main contribution to heterosis. These results may help lay the foundation for clarifying the heredity mechanism of heterosis in cotton.
N‐docosahexaenoylethanolamine is a potent neurogenic factor for neural stem cell differentiation
Authors: Rashid Mohammad A. , Katakura Masanori , Kharebava Giorgi , Kevala Karl , Kim Hee‐Yong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to promote neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vivo and in vitro. Previously, we found that N‐docosahexaenoylethanolamine (synaptamide), an endogenous DHA metabolite with an endocannabinoid‐like structure, promotes neurite growth, synaptogenesis, and synaptic function. In this study, we demonstrate that synaptamide potently induces neuronal differentiation of NSCs. Differentiating NSCs were capable of synthesizing synaptamide from DHA. Treatment of NSCs with synaptamide at low nanomolar concentrations significantly increased the number of MAP2 and Tuj‐1‐positive neurons with concomitant induction of protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. Conversely, PKA inhibitors or PKA knockdown abolished the synaptamide‐induced neuronal differentiation of NSCs. URB597, a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, elevated the level of DHA‐derived synaptamide and further potentiated the DHA‐ or synaptamide‐induced neuronal differentiation of NSCs. Similarly, NSCs obtained from FAAH KO mice exhibited greater capacity to induce neuronal differentiation in response to DHA or synaptamide compared to the wild type NSCs. Neither synaptamide nor DHA affected NSC differentiation into GFAP‐positive glia cells. These results suggest that endogenously produced synaptamide is a potent mediator for neurogenic differentiation of NSCs acting through PKA/CREB activation.
Organizational Safety Culture and Medical Error Reporting by Israeli Nurses
Authors: Kagan Ilya , Barnoy Sivia 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the association between patient safety culture (PSC) and the incidence and reporting rate of medical errors by Israeli nurses.DesignSelf‐administered structured questionnaires were distributed to a convenience sample of 247 registered nurses enrolled in training programs at Tel Aviv University (response rate = 91%).MethodsThe questionnaire's three sections examined the incidence of medication mistakes in clinical practice, the reporting rate for these errors, and the participants’ views and perceptions of the safety culture in their workplace at three levels (organizational, departmental, and individual performance). Pearson correlation coefficients, t tests, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data.FindingsMost nurses encountered medical errors from a daily to a weekly basis. Six percent of the sample never reported their own errors, while half reported their own errors “rarely or sometimes.” The level of PSC was positively and significantly correlated with the error reporting rate. PSC, place of birth, error incidence, and not having an academic nursing degree were significant predictors of error reporting, together explaining 28% of variance.ConclusionsThis study confirms the influence of an organizational safety climate on readiness to report errors. Senior healthcare executives and managers can make a major impact on safety culture development by creating and promoting a vision and strategy for quality and safety and fostering their employees’ motivation to implement improvement programs at the departmental and individual level.Clinical RelevanceA positive, carefully designed organizational safety culture can encourage error reporting by staff and so improve patient safety.
Insight into a single halobacterium using a dual‐bacteriorhodopsin system with different functionally optimized pH ranges to cope with periplasmic pH changes associated with continuous light illumination
Authors: Fu Hsu‐Yuan , Yi Hsiu‐Ping , Lu Yen‐Hsu , Yang Chii‐Shen 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe light‐driven outward proton transporter assists energy production via an ATP synthase system best exemplified by the bacteriorhodopsin (BR) from Halobacterium salinarum, HsBR. As the only archaea able to survive in the resource‐limited ecosystem of the Dead Sea, Haloarcula marismortui has been reported to have a unique dual‐BR system, consisting of HmBRI and HmBRII, instead of only a single BR in a cell (solo‐BR). The contribution of this dual‐BR system to survival was investigated. First, native H. marismortui and H. salinarum cells were tested in water that had been adjusted to mimic the conditions of Dead Sea water. These archaea were shown to accumulate protons and reduce pH in their periplasmic regions, which disabled further proton transportation functionality in H. salinarum but not in H. marismortui. Then, pH‐dependent photocurrent measurements using purified BR proteins demonstrated that HsBR and HmBRI were functional at pH > 5.0 and that HmBRII was functional at pH > 4.0. Our results indicate that the dual‐HmBR system is composed of two BRs with different optimal functional pH ranges and together they maintain light‐driven proton transport activity under pH > 4.0, which might contribute the survival of H. marismortui under the acidic pH of the Dead Sea.
The HtrA protease of Borrelia burgdorferi degrades outer membrane protein BmpD and chemotaxis phosphatase CheX
Authors: Coleman James L. , Crowley Jameson T. , Toledo Alvaro M. , Benach Jorge L. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryBorrelia burgdorferi, the spirochaetal agent of Lyme disease, codes for a single HtrA protein, HtrABb (BB0104) that is homologous to DegP of Escherichia coli (41% amino acid identity). HtrABb shows physical and biochemical similarities to DegP in that it has the trimer as its fundamental unit and can degrade casein via its catalytic serine. Recombinant HtrABb exhibits proteolytic activity in vitro, while a mutant (HtrABbS198A) does not. However, HtrABb and DegP have some important differences as well. Native HtrABb occurs in both membrane‐bound and soluble forms. Despite its homology to DegP, HtrABb could not complement an E. coli DegP deletion mutant. Late stage Lyme disease patients, as well as infected mice and rabbits developed a robust antibody response to HtrABb, indicating that it is a B‐cell antigen. In co‐immunoprecipitation studies, a number of potential binding partners for HtrABb were identified, as well as two specific proteolytic substrates, basic membrane protein D (BmpD/BB0385) and chemotaxis signal transduction phosphatase CheX (BB0671). HtrABb may function in regulating outer membrane lipoproteins and in modulating the chemotactic response of B. burgdorferi.
Immunolesion‐induced loss of cholinergic projection neurones promotes β‐amyloidosis and tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus of triple‐transgenic mice
Authors: Härtig W. , Saul A. , Kacza J. , Grosche J. , Goldhammer S. , Michalski D. , Wirths O. 
Published: April 2013

AimsCurrently available animal models incompletely capture the complex pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), typically involving β‐amyloidosis, neurofibrillary tangle formation and loss of basal forebrain cholinergic projection neurones (CPN). While age‐dependent β‐amyloidosis and tau hyperphosphorylation are mimicked in triple‐transgenic mice (3xTg), experimental induction of CPN loss in these mice is still lacking. Here, we introduce a more‐complex animal model of AD by inducing cellular loss of CPN in an already existing transgenic background aiming to elucidate subsequent changes of hippocampal β‐amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathology.MethodsTwelve‐month‐old 3xTg mice intracerebroventricularly received the rabbit‐anti‐low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75‐saporin, an immunotoxin specifically targeting forebrain CPN. After histochemical verification of immunolesion in immersion‐fixed forebrains, markers of Aβ and tau metabolism were analysed using quantitative Western blot analyses of hippocampi from these mice. In parallel, these markers and glial activation were investigated by multiple immunofluorescence labelling of perfusion‐fixed hippocampi and confocal laser‐scanning microscopy.ResultsFour months after immunolesion, the selective lesion of CPN was verified by disappearance of choline acetyltransferase and p75 immunolabelling. Biochemical analysis of hippocampi from immunolesioned mice revealed enhanced levels of Aβ, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its fragment C99. Furthermore, immunolesion‐induced increase in levels of phospho‐tau and tau with AD‐like conformation were seen in 16‐month‐old mice. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed an age‐dependent occurrence of hippocampal Aβ‐deposits and phospho‐tau, and demonstrated drastic gliosis around Aβ‐plaques after immunolesion.ConclusionOverall, this extended model promises further insights into the complexity of AD and contributes to novel treatment strategies also targeting the cholinergic system.
Confessions of a Pracademic: Searching for a Virtuous Cycle of Theory Building, Teaching, and Action Research
Authors: Susskind Lawrence 
Published: April 2013

In this article, I describe my career as a pracademic. Over several decades, I have been able to maintain a substantial private practice in public dispute resolution and also meet the teaching, advising, and research demands of an academic career. I have achieved this by engaging primarily in action research: I begin with “problems” in the field and work collaboratively with stakeholders to generate “solutions” that meet their interests. I then document and analyze these interventions to build prescriptive theory through systematic reflection on my own involvement.In this article, I discuss how I have been able to achieve success as a “pracademic,” but also consider the challenges that young scholars who seek to engage in practice confront today. I further describe some possible strategies for successfully integrating a substantial practice component into an academic career in conflict resolution.
Role of duodenal mucosal nerve endings in the acid‐induced duodenogastric sensorimotor reflex: Effect of benzocaine in healthy humans
Authors: Vanuytsel T. , Karamanolis G. , Vos R. , Van Oudenhove L. , Farré R. , Tack J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundDuodenal acid exposure induces a duodenogastric reflex resulting in gastric relaxation, inhibition of antral motility, and sensitization of the proximal stomach to distension. Duodenal hypersensitivity to acid has been identified as a potential pathogenic mechanism in functional dyspepsia. The nature and localization of the duodenal acid‐sensitive receptors are still elusive. We hypothesize that acid directly activates superficial afferent nerve endings in the duodenal mucosa, triggering the duodenogastric reflex.MethodsIn a double‐blind, randomized, crossover study in 13 healthy volunteers, benzocaine, a local anesthetic, vs saline was perfused in the duodenum 15 min before duodenal acid perfusion. Gastric responses were monitored by a barostat. Stepwise isobaric gastric distensions were performed before and during acid perfusion. Symptoms were evaluated by visual analogue scales for six dyspeptic symptoms and an overall perception score.Key ResultsBenzocaine perfusion caused a relaxation of the stomach prior to duodenal acidification, indicating the existence of an excitatory duodenogastric tone. Pretreatment of the duodenum with benzocaine reduced the acid‐induced gastric relaxation by 50% and abolished the inhibition of phasic motility of the proximal stomach. Finally, sensitization to distension was more pronounced in the benzocaine condition because of higher proximal gastric volumes.Conclusions & InferencesThese findings support a model in which different neuronal subpopulations are responsible for the motor and sensory limb of the acid‐sensitive duodenogastric reflex, making benzocaine an unsuitable drug to treat duodenal hypersensitivity to acid. These data provide more insight in the contribution of duodenal neuronal input to gastric physiology in the fasting state.
Remote sensing methods to detect land‐use/cover changes inNewZealand's ‘indigenous’ grasslands
Authors: Weeks Emily S. , Ausseil Anne‐Gaelle E. , Shepherd James D. , Dymond John R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe compared four remote sensing methods to detect changes inNewZealand's grasslands (image differencing, normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) differencing post‐classification and visual interpretation). The visual interpretation resulted in the best classification results, with a 98% overall accuracy when compared with ground‐truthed data. The tests on automatic classification (image differencing,NDVIdifferencing) and post classification had much lower accuracies, ranging from 47% to 56%. In theNewZealand grassland landscape, automatic detection methods were not able to differentiate between variations of soil moisture and vegetation phenology from variations in land‐use change. This, in combination with topographic effects, which have hampered the automated mapping of vegetation, is the main reason why visual interpretation of high‐resolution imagery is still needed.
Calving retreat and proglacial lake growth at Hooker Glacier, Southern Alps, New Zealand
Authors: Robertson Clare M. , Brook Martin S. , Holt Kat A. , Fuller Ian C. , Benn Douglas I. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHooker Glacier in the central Southern Alps of New Zealand has undergone significant downwasting and recession (∼2.14 km) during the last two centuries. High retreat rates (51 m a−1 1986–2001, 43 m a−1 2001–2011) have produced a large (1.22 km2) proglacial lake. We present a retreat scenario for Hooker Glacier. A retreat scenario predicts that the glacier terminus will stabilise >3 km up‐valley of the current lake outlet after 2028 when ice velocity equals calving rate.
Contested and congested spaces: Exploring authenticity in New Zealand farmers' markets
Authors: Joseph Alun , Chalmers Lex , Smithers John 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper considers issues of authenticity as they apply to the evolution of farmers' markets in New Zealand. Following a discussion of the nature of authenticity and its deployment by farmers' market organisations in several jurisdictions, a two‐part case study is presented. An analysis of the strategies adopted by Farmers' Markets New Zealand to ‘protect its brand’ nationally and an examination of the disputation of authenticity in the Marlborough Farmers' Market reveals the potential of the ‘authenticity project’ to be a lightning rod for heightened tension and the fracturing of the relationship between competing interests in New Zealand farmers' markets.
Zooarchaeological Evidence for Domestic Rituals in the Iron Age Communities of North‐Eastern Iberia (Present‐Day Catalonia) (Sixth–Second Century BC)
Authors: Belarte Maria Carme , Valenzuela‐Lamas Silvia 
Published: April 2013

SummaryMany socio‐economic changes occurred in southern Europe during the first millennium BC. In north‐eastern Iberia societies evolved from the small‐scale local groups of the Late Bronze Age to the more complex societies of the Iron Age. Together with a diversity of material changes (detected in pottery, agricultural techniques, architecture, etc.), a new ritual manifestation is attested in the Ancient Iberian Period (about 550 BC), lasting until some time after the Roman conquest. This consisted of sheep and goats (among other species) being carefully deposited below the floors of some domestic buildings. In this article the characteristics of these associated bone groups are described and their significance is discussed.
Opioid‐sparing effects of perioperative paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in children
Authors: Wong Ivan , St John‐Green Celia , Walker Suellen M. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesPerioperative pain in children can be effectively managed with systemic opioids, but addition of paracetamol or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may reduce opioid requirements and potentially improve analgesia and/or reduce adverse effects.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted to identify trials evaluating postoperative opioid requirements in children and comparing NSAID and/or paracetamol with placebo. Studies were stratified according to design: continuous availability of intravenous opioid (PCA/NCA) vs intermittent ‘as needed’ bolus; and single vs multiple dose paracetamol/NSAIDs. Primary outcome data were extracted, and the percentage decrease in mean opioid consumption was calculated for statistically significant reductions compared with placebo. Secondary outcomes included differences in pain intensity, adverse effects (sedation, respiratory depression, postoperative nausea and vomiting, pruritus, urinary retention, bleeding), and patient/parent satisfaction.ResultsThirty‐one randomized controlled studies, with 48 active treatment arms compared with placebo, were included. Significant opioid sparing was reported in 38 of 48 active treatment arms, across 21 of the 31 studies. Benefit was most consistently reported when multiple doses of study drug were administered, and 24 h PCA or NCA opioid requirements were assessed. The proportion of positive studies was less with paracetamol, but was influenced by dose and route of administration. Despite availability of opioid for titration, a reduction in pain intensity by NSAIDs and/or paracetamol was reported in 16 of 29 studies. Evidence for clinically significant reductions in opioid‐related adverse effects was less robust.ConclusionThis systematic review supports addition of NSAIDs and/or paracetamol to systemic opioid for perioperative pain management in children.