bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basic Nursing Care to Prevent Nonventilator Hospital‐Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Quinn Barbara , Baker Dian L. , Cohen Shannon , Stewart Jennifer L. , Lima Christine A. , Parise Carol 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPurposeNonventilator hospital‐acquired pneumonia (NV‐HAP) is an underreported and unstudied disease, with potential for measurable outcomes, fiscal savings, and improvement in quality of life. The purpose of our study was to (a) identify the incidence of NV‐HAP in a convenience sample of U.S. hospitals and (b) determine the effectiveness of reliably delivered basic oral nursing care in reducing NV‐HAP.DesignA descriptive, quasi‐experimental study using retrospective comparative outcomes to determine (a) the incidence of NV‐HAP and (b) the effectiveness of enhanced basic oral nursing care versus usual care to prevent NV‐HAP after introduction of a basic oral nursing care initiative.MethodsWe used the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Problems (ICD‐9) codes for pneumonia not present on admission and verified NV‐HAP diagnosis using the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention diagnostic criteria. We completed an evidence‐based gap analysis and designed a site‐specific oral care initiative designed to reduce NV‐HAP. The intervention process was guided by the Influencer Model™ (see Figure ) and participatory action research.FindingsWe found a substantial amount of unreported NV‐HAP. After we initiated our oral care protocols, the rate of NV‐HAP per 100 patient days decreased from 0.49 to 0.3 (38.8%). The overall number of cases of NV‐HAP was reduced by 37% during the 12‐month intervention period. The avoidance of NV‐HAP cases resulted in an estimated 8 lives saved, $1.72 million cost avoided, and 500 extra hospital days averted. The extra cost for therapeutic oral care equipment was $117,600 during the 12‐month intervention period. Cost savings resulting from avoided NV‐HAP was $1.72 million. Return on investment for the organization was $1.6 million in avoided costs.ConclusionsNV‐HAP should be elevated to the same level of concern, attention, and effort as prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in hospitals.Clinical RelevanceNursing needs to lead the way in the design and implementation of policies that allow for adequate time, proper oral care supplies, ease of access to supplies, clear procedures, and outcome monitoring ensuring that patients are protected from NV‐HAP.
The bovine patella as a model of early osteoarthritis
Authors: Hargrave‐Thomas E. J. , Thambyah A. , McGlashan S. R. , Broom N. D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe bovine patella model has been used extensively for studying important structure–function aspects of articular cartilage, including its degeneration. However, the degeneration seen in this model has, to our knowledge, never been adequately compared with human osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, bovine patellae displaying normal to severely degenerate states were compared with human tissue displaying intact cartilage to severe OA. Comparisons of normal and OA features were made with histological scoring, morphometric measurements, and qualitative observations. Differential interference contrast microscopy was used to image early OA changes in the articular cartilage matrix and to investigate whether this method provided comparable quality of visualisation of key structural features with standard histology. The intact bovine cartilage was found to be similar to healthy human cartilage and the degenerate bovine cartilage resembled the human OA tissues with regard to structural disruption, cellularity changes, and staining loss. The extent of degeneration in the bovine tissues matched the mild to moderate range of human OA tissues; however, no bovine samples exhibited late‐stage OA. Additionally, in both bovine and human tissues, cartilage degeneration was accompanied by calcified cartilage thickening, tidemark duplication, and the advancement of the cement line by protrusions of bony spicules into the calcified cartilage. This comparison of degeneration in the bovine and human tissues suggests a common pathway for the progression of OA and thus the bovine patella is proposed to be an appropriate model for investigating the structural changes associated with early OA.
Motivating student learning using a formative assessment journey
Authors: Evans Darrell J. R. , Zeun Paul , Stanier Robert A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractProviding formative assessment opportunities has been recognised as a significant benefit to student learning. The outcome of any formative assessment should be one that ultimately helps improve student learning through familiarising students with the levels of learning required, informing them about gaps in their learning and providing feedback to guide the direction of learning. This article provides an example of how formative assessments can be developed into a formative assessment journey where a number of different assessments can be offered to students during the course of a module of teaching, thus utilising a spaced‐education approach. As well as incorporating the specific drivers of formative assessment, we demonstrate how approaches deemed to be stimulating, interactive and entertaining with the aim of maximising enthusiasm and engagement can be incorporated. We provide an example of a mixed approach to evaluating elements of the assessment journey that focuses student reaction, appraisal of qualitative and quantitative feedback from student questionnaires, focus group analysis and teacher observations. Whilst it is not possible to determine a quantifiable effect of the assessment journey on student learning, usage data and student feedback shows that formative assessment can achieve high engagement and positive response to different assessments. Those assessments incorporating an active learning element and a quiz‐based approach appear to be particularly popular. A spaced‐education format encourages a building block approach to learning that is continuous in nature rather than focussed on an intense period of study prior to summative examinations.
Strategic Asset Allocation in Money Management
Authors: BASAK SULEYMAN , MAKAROV DMITRY 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the dynamic portfolio choice implications of strategic interaction among money managers who compete for fund flows. We study such interaction between two risk‐averse managers in continuous time, characterizing analytically their unique equilibrium investments. Driven by chasing and contrarian mechanisms when one is well ahead, they gamble in the opposite direction when their performance is close. We also examine multiple and mixed‐strategy equilibria. Equilibrium policy of each manager crucially depends on the opponent's risk attitude. Hence, client investors concerned about how a strategic manager may trade on their behalf should also learn competitors' characteristics.
Volatility, the Macroeconomy, and Asset Prices
Authors: BANSAL RAVI , KIKU DANA , SHALIASTOVICH IVAN , YARON AMIR 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTHow important are volatility fluctuations for asset prices and the macroeconomy? We find that an increase in macroeconomic volatility is associated with an increase in discount rates and a decline in consumption. We develop a framework in which cash flow, discount rate, and volatility risks determine risk premia and show that volatility plays a significant role in explaining the joint dynamics of returns to human capital and equity. Volatility risk carries a sizable positive risk premium and helps account for the cross section of expected returns. Our evidence demonstrates that volatility is important for understanding expected returns and macroeconomic fluctuations.
Cervical pregnancy: A report of four cases
Authors: Kochi Keiko , Hidaka Takao , Yasoshima Kuniaki , Yoneda Kenji , Arai Kazunori , Arai Takashi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractVarious conservative treatments for cervical pregnancy have been reported. However, unlike tubal ectopic pregnancy, the treatment of cervical pregnancy has not been well established. For patients who desire fertility preservation, treatment with methotrexate chemotherapy carries a high success rate for preservation of the uterus. When methotrexate is injected i.v. or i.m., expulsion of pregnant tissue occasionally takes up to 1 month. In this report, we present four cases of cervical pregnancy which were successfully managed by methotrexate injection into the bilateral uterine arteries. In cases presenting with massive bleeding, embolization of the bilateral uterine arteries was performed. Cervical pregnancy was aborted within 8 days safely, and fertility could be preserved without harmful side‐effects.
Collagen Plug Vascular Closure Devices and Reduced Risk of Bleeding with Bivalirudin Versus Heparin Plus Abciximab in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Non ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: LEIBUNDGUT GREGOR , PACHE JÜRGEN , SCHULZ STEFANIE , BERGER PETER B. , FERENC MIROSLAW , GICK MICHAEL , MEHILLI JULINDA , KASTRATI ADNAN , NEUMANN FRANZ‐JOSEF 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroductionIn ISAR‐REACT‐4 (abciximab and heparin vs. bivalirudin for non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI]), bivalirudin reduced the risk of bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with unfractionated heparin plus abciximab (UFH + abciximab). Vascular closure devices (VCDs) may also prevent bleeding complications, and thus attenuate the benefit of bivalirudin. This analysis examined whether there exists an interaction on bleeding between VCDs and bivalirudin versus UFH + abciximab after PCI.MethodsPatients with NSTEMI were randomly assigned to either receive UFH + abciximab or bivalirudin for PCI. The use of a VCD after femoral access was left to the operator's discretion. The effect of randomized treatment in patients who received a VCD was compared to that in patients with manual compression of the femoral access site. The primary end‐point of this analysis was the 30‐day incidence of ISAR‐REACT‐4 major bleeding.ResultsA total of 1,711 patients were enrolled in this analysis. Among the 365 (21.3%) patients receiving a VCD, 188 (51.5%) were treated with UFH + abciximab and 177 (48.5%) with bivalirudin. ISAR‐ REACT‐4 major bleeding was higher with UFH + abciximab than with bivalirudin, independent of whether a VCD was used (4.8% vs. 2.3% with VCD and 4.6% vs. 2.7% without VCD, Pint = 0.76). There were also no interactions between randomized treatment and VCDs with respect to any of the ischemic end‐points or net clinical outcome (Pint > 0.56).ConclusionsIn patients undergoing PCI for NSTEMI, the reduction of major bleeding by bivalirudin compared with UFH + abciximab was not affected whether a VCD was used.
Long‐Term Outcomes of Drug‐Eluting Stent Therapy for In‐Stent Restenosis Versus De Novo Lesions
Authors: GAO ZHAN , XU BO , YANG YUE‐JIN , YUAN JIN‐QING , CHEN JUE , CHEN JI‐LIN , QIAO SHU‐BIN , WU YONG‐JIAN , YAN HONG‐BIN , GAO RUN‐LIN 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundDrug‐eluting stents (DES) are currently the most popular treatment modality for restenosis in bare metal stents and DES. This study compares risks of adverse cardiovascular events between DES‐treated in‐stent restenosis (ISR) and de novo lesions, an area that has not been systematically studied thus far.Methods and ResultsOne thousand three hundred consecutive ISR patients were compared with 27,211 patients with de novo lesions who underwent DES treatment during the same period at the Fu Wai Hospital in Beijing. Angiographic success rate was similar between the ISR and de novo groups (98.0% vs. 98.2%; P = 0.61). Using logistic regression to derive the propensity score model, 1,266 matched patient pairs were compared. In this adjusted model, the rate of target lesion revascularization (TLR) was significantly higher in the ISR group (19.19% vs. 2.37%; P < 0.01) during an average 17‐month follow‐up, while rates of cardiac death and myocardial infarction (MI) were similar (0.71% vs. 0.79%; P = 0.93 and 3.48% vs. 1.26%; P = 0.13, respectively) between groups. In multivariate regression analysis, ISR was predictive of TLR, but not of cardiac death and MI.ConclusionCompared with those with de novo lesions, patients with ISR had a higher revascularization rate after DES treatment but no significant difference in rates of cardiac death and MI.
Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes with Everolimus Eluting Stents for the Treatment of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy
Authors: AZARBAL BABAK , ARBIT BORIS , RAMARAJ RADHAKRISHNAN , KITTLESON MICHELLE , YOUNG AMELIA , CZER LAWRENCE , RAFIEI MATTHEW , CURRIER JESSE , MAKKAR RAJ , KOBASHIGAWA JON 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to examine clinical efficacy, safety, and intermediate clinical outcomes with everolimus‐eluting stents (EESs) in patients with transplant coronary artery disease (TCAD).BackgroundTCAD is a major cause of mortality in patients following orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Systemic everolimus in OHT patients has been shown to reduce TCAD. The safety and efficacy of an EES, the Xience V, have not been evaluated in this population.MethodsPatients post‐OHT with hemodynamically significant CAD who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with EES were included. Participants were maintained on dual antiplatelet therapy for 1‐year post‐PCI. We examined procedural success, in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality, stent thrombosis, angiographic restenosis, and myocardial infarction rates. All patients had follow‐up angiography 1‐year after PCI. Target vessel revascularization (TVR), target lesion revascularization (TLR), in‐segment restenosis, target vessel failure (TVF), and lumen late loss were noted.ResultsPCI was performed in 34 de novo lesions in 21 patients, and 40 EES were placed. Procedural success rate was 100%. Average stent was 16.5 ± 5.1 mm long and 3.0 ± 0.6 mm in diameter. All patients had angiographic follow‐up (409 ± 201 days). There was no stent thrombosis, deaths, or myocardial infarctions during follow‐up. Two patients had focal in‐stent restenosis. TLR rate was 5.9% (2/34), and TVR rate was 11.1% (3/27). Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) showed stenosis diameter to be 19.98 ± 17.57%.ConclusionsUse of an EES is associated with a low incidence of TVR and TLR in patients with TCAD. Further studies are needed to determine whether PCI with EES changes long‐term outcomes. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:73–79)
Advantages and limitations of the new anticoagulants
Authors: Schulman S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDuring recent years, three new anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban) have been introduced to the market, probably with one more anticoagulant (edoxaban) in the next 2 years. This review is not intended to compare the efficacy and risks of these new agents, but rather to detail the advantages and limitations. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of these drugs have few drug and food interactions, predictable dose responses, and rapid onset and offset, thus resulting in simplified management of the patient requiring anticoagulant therapy. No routine laboratory monitoring is required. A somewhat unexpected, but exciting observation involving the new anticoagulants, is the uniform reduction in intracranial bleeding by one‐half compared with warfarin. The potential limitations of the new anticoagulants include uncertainty regarding assessment of drug levels, safe drug levels for major surgery, management of major bleeding, renal dependence, multiple dose regimens, adherence in the absence of frequent monitoring and unknown, rare side effects that were not captured in the trials. This review should clarify some of these concerns.
Red blood cell distribution width is associated with incidence of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Adamsson Eryd S. , Borné Y. , Melander O. , Persson M. , Smith J. G. , Hedblad B. , Engström G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesRed blood cell distribution width (RDW), a measure of variation in erythrocyte volume, has been associated with several cardiovascular disorders, but the relationship with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. We investigated the association between RDW and incidence of first hospitalization due to AF in a population‐based cohort.DesignRed blood cell distribution width was measured in 27 124 subjects from the general population (age 45–73 years, 62% women) with no history of AF, heart failure, myocardial infarction or stroke. The association between baseline RDW and incidence of AF identified from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register was evaluated.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up of 13.6 years, 1894 subjects (53% men) were hospitalized with a diagnosis of AF. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, including cardiovascular disease risk factors, nutrient intake (iron, vitamin B12 and folate) and several haematological parameters (haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume and corpuscular haemoglobin content), the hazard ratio (HR) for incidence of AF was 1.33 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–1.53] for the fourth versus first quartile of RDW (P for trend <0.001). The results were essentially unchanged when subjects with incident myocardial infarction or hospitalizations because of heart failure were censored from the analysis (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.13–1.51; P for trend = 0.001).ConclusionRed blood cell distribution width was associated with incidence of AF independently of several cardiovascular, nutritional and haematological factors in this study of middle‐aged subjects from the general population.
Ceruloplasmin and atrial fibrillation: evidence of causality from a population‐based Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Adamsson Eryd S. , Sjögren M. , Smith J. G. , Nilsson P. M. , Melander O. , Hedblad B. , Engström G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesInflammatory diseases and inflammatory markers secreted by the liver, including C‐reactive protein (CRP) and ceruloplasmin, have been associated with incident atrial fibrillation (AF). Genetic studies have not supported a causal relationship between CRP and AF, but the relationship between ceruloplasmin and AF has not been studied. The purpose of this Mendelian randomization study was to explore whether genetic polymorphisms in the gene encoding ceruloplasmin are associated with elevated ceruloplasmin levels, and whether such genetic polymorphisms are also associated with the incidence of AF.DesignGenetic polymorphisms in the ceruloplasmin gene (CP) were genotyped in a population‐based cohort study of men from southern Sweden (Malmö Preventive Project; n = 3900). Genetic polymorphisms associated with plasma ceruloplasmin concentration were also investigated for association with incident AF (n = 520) during a mean follow‐up of 29 years in the same cohort. Findings were replicated in an independent case–control sample (The Malmö AF cohort; n = 2247 cases, 2208 controls).ResultsA single nucleotide polymorphism (rs11708215, minor allele frequency 0.12) located in the CP gene promoter was strongly associated with increased levels of plasma ceruloplasmin (P = 9 × 10−10) and with AF in both the discovery cohort [hazard ratio 1.24 per risk allele, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.44, P = 0.006] and the replication cohort (odds ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.26, P = 0.02).ConclusionsOur findings indicate a causal role of ceruloplasmin in AF pathophysiology and suggest that ceruloplasmin might be a mediator in a specific inflammatory pathway that causally links inflammatory diseases and incidence of AF.
Increased risk of venous thromboembolism within the first year after Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a nationwide observational matched cohort study
Authors: Mejer N. , Westh H. , Schønheyder H. C. , Jensen A. G. , Larsen A.R. , Skov R. , Benfield T. ,   Danish Staphylococcal Bacteraemia Study Group
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesRecent evidence suggests that there is an association between infection and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Here, we examined the risk of VTE after Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) compared to the risk in control subjects.Design and settingRegister‐based nationwide observational cohort study of hospitalized patients and matched control subjects from the general population in Denmark between 1995 and 2008.ResultsAmongst 15 669 SAB cases and 156 690 controls, 182 and 511, respectively, experienced VTE within 1 year. The overall incidence rate (IR) of VTE amongst cases was highest within the first 30 days [IR of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 39.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 28.9–53.4)/1000 person‐years (PYs); IR of pulmonary embolism (PE), 16.3 (95% CI 10.1–26.2)/1000 PYs]. IRs of DVT were particularly increased amongst cases with a previous diagnosis of VTE, community‐acquired infection, a history of injection drug use and in younger age groups. The overall hazard ratio of VTE for cases compared to controls declined from 15.6 (95% CI 10.3–23.5) in the first 30 days after SAB to 4.5 (95% CI 3.2–6.2) from 181 to 365 days after infection. The increased risk of VTE amongst SAB patients persisted after excluding cases with identified VTE risk factors.ConclusionsThere was a particularly high risk of VTE during the first month following an episode of SAB. The risk declined over time, but remained at a threefold increased level compared to control subjects, suggesting that there are shared risk factors for SAB and VTE. Patients with SAB and well‐documented risk factors for VTE may benefit from thromboprophylaxis.
Accounting for the Influence of Overall Justice on Job Performance: Integrating Self‐Determination and Social Exchange Theories
Authors: Aryee Samuel , Walumbwa Fred O. , Mondejar Reuben , Chu Chris W. L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGrounded in self‐determination and social exchange theories, this study examined two pathways through which overall justice influences job performance. Specifically, we hypothesized need satisfaction as a mediator of the influence of overall justice on intrinsic motivation and trust in organization which, in turn, relate to job performance. Results of structural equation modelling using Mplus revealed that need satisfaction mediated the overall justice–intrinsic motivation relationship as well as the overall justice–trust in organization relationship. We also found that intrinsic motivation mediated the respective influence of need satisfaction and trust in organization on job performance. We interpret our findings as suggesting an integration of need‐based theories of motivation into explanations of the performance implications of justice.
How Does Project Termination Impact Project Team Members? Rapid Termination, ‘Creeping Death’, and Learning from Failure
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Patzelt Holger , Williams Trenton A. , Warnecke Dennis 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlthough extant studies have increased our understanding of the decision of when to terminate a project and its organizational implications, they do not explore the contextual mechanisms underlying the link between the speed at which a project is terminated and the learning of those directly working on the project. This is surprising because perceptions of project failure likely differ between those who own the option (i.e., the decision maker) and those who are the option (i.e., project team members). In this multiple case study, we explored research and development (R&D) subsidiaries within a large multinational parent organization and generated several new insights: (1) rather than alleviate negative emotions, delayed termination was perceived as creeping death, thwarting new career opportunities and generating negative emotions; (2) rather than obstructing learning from project experience, negative emotions motivated sensemaking efforts; and (3) rather than emphasizing learning after project termination, in the context of rapid redeployment of team members after project termination, delayed termination provided employees the time to reflect on, articulate, and codify lessons learned. We discuss the implications of these findings.