bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Analysis of the Chemical Absorption of Carbon Dioxide using an Aqueous Elastic Xanthan‐Gum Solution Containing NaOH
Authors: Kasthuri K. , Indira K. , Rajendran L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA theoretical approach is presented to express the concentrations of CO2 and NaOH along with the absorption rate of CO2 in a CO2–aqueous elastic xanthan gum (XG) solution containing NaOH. In this study, we obtain approximate analytical solutions for the system of nonlinear differential equations under steady‐state conditions by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and Padé approximation technique (PA). The homotopy analysis method is used for the analytical treatment of the equations and the Padé approximation for increasing the convergence region of the HAM analytical solution. The results reveal that the HAM with the enhancement of the Padé approximation is a very effective, convenient, and quite accurate method for such types of partial differential equations. Furthermore, in this work the numerical simulation of the problem is also reported using the Scilab/Matlab program. An agreement between analytical and numerical results is noted.
Large wood budget and transport dynamics on a large river using radio telemetry
Authors: Schenk Edward R. , Moulin Bertrand , Hupp Cliff R. , Richter Jean M. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTDespite the abundance of large wood (LW) river studies there is still a lack of understanding of LW transport dynamics on large low gradient rivers. This study used 290 radio frequency identification tagged (RFID) LW and 54 metal (aluminum) tagged LW, to quantify the percent of in‐channel LW that moves per year and what variables play a role in LW transport dynamics. Aluminum tags were installed and monitored on LW in‐transit during the rising limb of a flood, the mean distance traveled by those pieces during the week was 13.3 river kilometers (km) with a maximum distance of 72 km. RFID tagged LW moved a mean of 11.9 km/yr with a maximum observed at 101.1 km/yr. Approximately 41% of LW low on the bank moves per year. The high rate of transport and distance traveled is likely due to the lack of interaction between LW floating in the channel and the channel boundaries, caused primarily by the width of the channel relative to length of the LW. Approximately 80% of the RFID tags moved past a fixed reader during the highest 20% of river stage per year. LW transport and logjam dynamics are complicated at high flows as pieces form temporary jams that continually expand and contract. Unlike most other studies, key members that create a logjam were defined more by stability than jam size or channel/hydrologic conditions. Finally, using an existing geomorphic database for the river, and data from this study, we were able to develop a comprehensive LW budget showing that 5% of the in‐channel LW population turns over each year (input from mass wasting and fluvial erosion equals burial, decomposition, and export out of system) and another 16% of the population moving within the system. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
On the suitability of the 433 MHz band for M2M low‐power wireless communications: propagation aspects
Authors: Tuset‐Peiró Pere , Anglès‐Vazquez Albert , López‐Vicario José , Vilajosana‐Guillén Xavier 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe 433 MHz band is gaining relevance as an alternative to the 2.4 GHz band for machine‐to‐machine communications using low‐power wireless technologies. Currently, two standards are being developed that use the 433 MHz band, DASH7 Mode 2 and IEEE 802.15.4f. The article presents propagation models based on measurements conducted at the 433 MHz and 2.4 GHz bands that can be used for link budget calculations in both outdoor and indoor environments depending on node height. The results obtained show that the 433 MHz band has a larger communication range in both indoor and outdoor environments despite the negative effects of having a larger Fresnel zone. In addition, indoor propagation measurements are conducted in line‐of‐sight and nonline‐of‐sight conditions to determine the suitability of channel hopping to combat the effects of multipath propagation. Contrary to the 2.4 GHz band, the results show that channel hopping at 433 MHz does not provide any link robustness advantage because the channel coherence bandwidth is larger than the whole band bandwidth, and thus, all channels are highly correlated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The soil nitrogen dynamics in an inland salt marsh as affected by various experimental water levels
Authors: Huang Laibin , Bai Junhong , Xiao Rong , Shi Jianbin , Gao Haifeng 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn 87‐day incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of various water levels on the soil nitrogen content in an inland salt marsh of Xianghai, China. Soil samples were collected from depths in the range of 0 to 30 cm at 10‐cm intervals after 15, 54 and 87 days of incubation. The total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen (NO3−‐N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+‐N) contents and the nitrogen activation coefficient (NAC) were measured to investigate the soil nitrogen dynamics under three inundation treatments (−5, 0 and 5 cm). The results showed that TN was generally accumulated in all soil layers and exhibited a peak value in subsurface soils at the −5‐cm inundation level at the end of the incubation period, whereas no obvious changes were observed in the TN contents in the bottom soils at the three inundation levels. Compared with the initial contents in the soils, the NO3−‐N and NH4+‐N contents were significantly reduced in all soil layers at the 0‐cm and the 5‐cm inundation levels at the end of the incubation period. In general, the available nitrogen content was higher in the surface soils compared with the deeper soils at all inundation levels. The NAC values exhibited a pronounced change in the subsurface soils at all inundation levels, decreasing significantly from 0.17 to 0.04 at the 5‐cm inundation level; however, a higher mean NAC value (0.126) was found over the incubation period at the 0‐cm inundation level compared with the 5‐cm and the −5‐cm inundation levels. Nitrogen was released from plants into the soil under all inundation treatments over the incubation period. The soil organic matter exerted positive loadings on the TN and NO3−‐N contents and negative loadings on the NH4+‐N content at all inundation levels, and the water content generally exhibited a negative relationship with all forms of nitrogen. Additionally, the total phosphorus content exhibited a positive correlation with the TN and NO3−‐N contents. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic pathways leading to detoxification of triptolide, a major active component of the herbal medicine Tripterygium wilfordii
Authors: Du Fuying , Liu Zhaohua , Li Xinxiu , Xing Jie 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTTriptolide (TP) shows promising anti‐inflammatory and antitumor activity but with severe toxicity. TP is a natural reactive electrophile containing three epoxide groups, which are usually linked to hepatotoxicity via their ability to covalently bind to cellular macromolecules. In this study, metabolic pathways leading to detoxification of TP were evaluated in glutathione (GSH)‐depleted (treated with L‐buthionine‐S,R‐sulfoxinine, BSO) and aminobenzotriazole (ABT; a non‐specific inhibitor for P450s)‐treated mice. The toxicity of TP in mice was evaluated in terms of mortality and levels of serum alanine transaminase (ALT). In incubates with NADPH‐ and GSH‐supplemented liver microsomes, seven GSH conjugates derived from TP were detected. In mice, these hydrolytically unstable GSH conjugates underwent γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase/dipeptidases‐mediated hydrolysis leading to two major cysteinylglycine conjugates, which underwent further hydrolysis by dipeptidases to form two cysteine conjugates of TP. In ABT‐treated mice, the hydroxylated metabolites of TP were found at a lower level than normal mice, and their subsequent conjugated metabolites were not found. The level of cysteinylglycine and cysteine conjugates derived from NADPH‐independent metabolism increased in mice treated with both TP and BSO (or ABT), which could be the stress response to toxicity of TP. Compared with normal mice, mortality and ALT levels were significantly higher in TP‐treated mice, indicating the toxicity of TP. Pretreatment of ABT increased the toxicity caused by TP, whereas the mortality decreased in GSH‐depleted mice. Metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes to less reactive metabolites implied a high potential for detoxification of TP. The GSH conjugation pathway also contributed to TP's detoxification in mice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical imaging of lignocellulosic biomass by CARS microscopy
Authors: Pohling Christoph , Brackmann Christian , Duarte Alex , Buckup Tiago , Enejder Annika , Motzkus Marcus 
Published: July 2013

AbstractChemical and structural composition of wood biomass is studied by label‐free and chemically specific Coherent Anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy. A concept developed for assignment and semi‐quantitative imaging of sample components; cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin; by multiplex CARS microspectroscopy and subsequent data analysis is presented. Specific imaging without fluorescence backround is achieved an order of magnitude faster compared with conventional Raman microscopy. Laser polarization control yield information on molecular arrangement in wood fibers. Narrowband CARS excitation of single vibrations allows for three‐dimensional volume imaging. Thus, CARS microscopy has potential as an important instrument for characterization of lignocellulosic materials. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multi‐site downscaling of maximum and minimum daily temperature using support vector machine
Authors: Srinivas V. V. , Basu Bidroha , Nagesh Kumar D. , Jain Sanjay K. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTClimate change impact assessment studies involve downscaling large‐scale atmospheric predictor variables (LSAPVs) simulated by general circulation models (GCMs) to site‐scale meteorological variables. This article presents a least‐square support vector machine (LS‐SVM)‐based methodology for multi‐site downscaling of maximum and minimum daily temperature series. The methodology involves (1) delineation of sites in the study area into clusters based on correlation structure of predictands, (2) downscaling LSAPVs to monthly time series of predictands at a representative site identified in each of the clusters, (3) translation of the downscaled information in each cluster from the representative site to that at other sites using LS‐SVM inter‐site regression relationships, and (4) disaggregation of the information at each site from monthly to daily time scale using k‐nearest neighbour disaggregation methodology. Effectiveness of the methodology is demonstrated by application to data pertaining to four sites in the catchment of Beas river basin, India. Simulations of Canadian coupled global climate model (CGCM3.1/T63) for four IPCC SRES scenarios namely A1B, A2, B1 and COMMIT were downscaled to future projections of the predictands in the study area. Comparison of results with those based on recently proposed multivariate multiple linear regression (MMLR) based downscaling method and multi‐site multivariate statistical downscaling (MMSD) method indicate that the proposed method is promising and it can be considered as a feasible choice in statistical downscaling studies. The performance of the method in downscaling daily minimum temperature was found to be better when compared with that in downscaling daily maximum temperature. Results indicate an increase in annual average maximum and minimum temperatures at all the sites for A1B, A2 and B1 scenarios. The projected increment is high for A2 scenario, and it is followed by that for A1B, B1 and COMMIT scenarios. Projections, in general, indicated an increase in mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures during January to February and October to December.
Ionic liquids as hydraulic fluids: comparison of several properties with those of conventional oils
Authors: Regueira Teresa , Lugo Luis , Fernández Josefa 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIonic liquids possess several remarkable properties that make them striking for their use as lubricants for different applications. Isothermal compressibility (or bulk modulus) is a fundamental parameter in the hydraulic fluids field. Therefore, an analysis of the compressibility of different ionic liquids, mineral, synthetic and vegetable oils, as well as water, is presented in this work. Furthermore, thermal expansion coefficient, viscosity and viscosity index of these fluids are also analysed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multi‐cell multi‐objective self‐optimisation methodology based on genetic algorithms for wireless cellular networks
Authors: Sánchez‐González Juan , Sallent Oriol , Pérez‐Romero Jordi , Agustí Ramon 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYSelf‐organising networks (SON) are seen as one of the hottest topics in telecommunication network research and development, eagerly awaited by network operators to achieve a reduction in operational expenditures. However, there are still many challenges and difficulties when moving from the SON concept to practical implementation. In this context, this paper first provides a general formulation of the automated optimisation problem and a detailed description of the main challenges and difficulties ahead. Then, a generic multi‐cell multi‐objective self‐optimisation methodology based on genetic algorithms is proposed. The proposed framework is formulated in detail for a joint coverage and overlap optimisation problem in a multi‐cell scenario. A case study using real measurements of a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System network deployed in a medium‐size European city is presented to illustrate the proposed methodology. In the presented case study, the pilot power, antenna tilt and antenna azimuth of the different cells are optimised according to certain cell coverage and cell overlap targets. Results reveal that the genetic‐based approach is able to provide optimised solutions that efficiently achieve the desired targets accounting for inter‐cell coupling effects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A prospective multifactorial intervention on subpopulations of predominately hispanic children at high risk for obesity
Authors: Alexander Andrew G. , Grant Wanda L. , Pedrino Kyndra J. , Lyons Paul E. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveStudy the effects of multiple exercise and nutritional educational interventions on adverse body mass index (BMI) gain of BMI sub‐groups of predominately Hispanic six through eight year‐old children at high risk for obesity.MethodsBMI and demographic data were recorded at baseline and six months later in 749 first and second grade public school children at four elementary schools. Two schools (intervention group) received 150 min of extra physical education classes, weekly cooking classes, a structured nutritional curriculum, and parental counseling. BMI changes were calculated for each student and compared by BMI percentile subgroups using the two tailed T‐test.ResultsNo statistical BMI differences occurred between intervention and control group children below the 25th percentile. Significance differences in BMI gain were noted from the 25th to the 50th percentile (P = 0.027), 50th‐75th percentile (P = 0.045), and 75th‐95th percentile (P = 0.00007), but not for the 95th‐98th percentile (P = 0.288), 98th and above (P = 0.223), or both obese groups combined (P = 0.085).ConclusionsNutritional education and exercise can prevent but not treat obesity in predominately Hispanic first and second grade children. BMI subgroups should be studied to avoid masking differing outcomes of obese and nonobese children.
Weight bias internalization, core self‐evaluation, and health in overweight and obese persons
Authors: Hilbert Anja , Braehler Elmar , Haeuser Winfried , Zenger Markus 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveWeight bias has strong associations with psychopathology in overweight and obese individuals. However, self‐evaluative processes, as conceptualized in the process model of self‐stigma, and implications for other health‐related outcomes, remain to be clarified.Design and MethodsIn a representative general population sample of N = 1158 overweight and obese individuals, the impact of core self‐evaluation as a mediator between weight bias internalization and mental and global health outcomes as well as between weight bias internalization and health care utilization, was examined using structural equation modeling.ResultsIn overweight and obese individuals, greater weight bias internalization predicted lower core self‐evaluation, which in turn predicted greater depression and anxiety, lower global health, and greater health care utilization. These mediational associations were largely stable in subsample analyses and after controlling for sociodemographic variables.ConclusionsThe results show that overweight and obese individuals with internalized weight bias are at risk for impaired health, especially if they experience low core self‐evaluation, making them a group with which to target for interventions to reduce self‐stigma. Weight bias internalization did not represent a barrier to health care utilization, but predicted greater health care utilization in association with greater health impairments.
Adipose tissue 11βHSD1 gene expression, βcell function and ectopic fat in obese African Americans versus Hispanics
Authors: Gyllenhammer Lauren E. , Alderete Tanya L. , Mahurka Swapna , Allayee Hooman , Goran Michael I. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveThis study examined the contribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) 11βHSD1 to obese African Americans' (AA) elevated metabolic risk, despite a protective obesity phenotype of reduced visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and hepatic fat fraction (HFF) relative to obese Hispanics with similar metabolic risk.Design and MethodsObese AA and Hispanic adults (N = 36(16AA); BMI 35.2 ± 0.6 kg/m2, 18‐25y) participated, with VAT, SAT, and HFF measured by MRI, SAT gene expression measured by HT‐12 microarray and insulin sensitivity (SI), disposition index (DI) by IVGTT. Multiple linear regression examined relationships/interactions of ethnicity and 11βHSD1 expression on outcomes (covariates: age, sex, total fat mass), with standardized β (stβ) reported.ResultsSAT 11βHSD1 expression significantly associated with insulin parameters and this varied by ethnicity (Pinteraction<0.1). In AA, 11βHSD1 negatively associated with SI (stβ = ‐0.58, P = 0.03), DI (stβ = −0.62, P = 0.03) and positively associated with fasting insulin (stβ = 0.54, P = 0.04), with no significant relationship in Hispanics. SAT 11βHSD1 associated with HFF in the combined sample (stβ = 0.42, P = 0.008), with no difference between ethnicites (Pinteraction>0.1). After controlling for HFF, 11βHSD1 associations with metabolic risk in AA became nonsignificant.ConclusionsThese results suggested that in AA and not Hispanics, SAT 11βHSD1 is associated with SI and DI, and may be mediated by HFF.
Methylphenidate decreases fat and carbohydrate intake in obese teenagers
Authors: Danilovich N. , Mastrandrea L.D. , Cataldi L. , Quattrin T. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveDopamine is a neurotransmitter that mediates the reward value of food. Methylphenidate (MPH) selectively binds and inhibits the dopamine transporter, thus increasing brain dopamine levels shortly after oral administration. This investigation studied whether a single dose of MPH decreases energy intake (EI) in obese teenagers compared to placebo (P).MethodsThis study used a single‐blind, placebo‐controlled, within subject design. Teenagers with body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile underwent two identical meal tests (P or MPH) after a 10 h fast in random order. Food was weighed before and after the meals, and EI was calculated as energy content/gram of consumed foods. Total and macronutrient EI (mean ± SD) were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests.ResultsTwenty‐two subjects (15 females, 7 males) completed the study. Participants were 13.4 ± 2.2 years old and had BMI 34.9 ± 10.7 kg/m². EI from fat (167 vs. 203 kcal, P = 0.03) and carbohydrates (311 vs. 389 kcal, P = 0.04) was decreased for MPH compared to P meals, with a trend in decreased total EI (545 vs. 663 kcal, P = 0.06).ConclusionA single dose of MPH decreases EI from fat and carbohydrates in obese adolescents. This effect underscores the importance of central dopamine signaling on eating behavior.
Fetal isolated short femur in the second trimester and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Özlü Tülay , Ozcan Tulin 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the association of isolated short femur (ISF) in the second trimester ultrasound with adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodAll obstetric scans between 16 and 24 weeks of gestation from 1 January 2006 to 1 June 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. Multiple pregnancies, major congenital or chromosomal anomalies and subjects with incomplete outcome data were excluded. Femur length (FL) measurement from the earliest scan of singleton pregnancies was selected. An ISF was defined as a FL less than the tenth percentile in a fetus with an abdominal circumference greater than or equal to the tenth percentile. The primary outcomes were small for gestational age (SGA), birth weight below the third and fifth percentiles, low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB) and preeclampsia (PE). A 5‐min Apgar score of less than 7 and a neonatal intensive care unit admission were secondary outcomes.ResultsOf the 4992 eligible fetuses, 312 (6%) had an ISF. Mothers in the short femur group were shorter and had a lower prepregnancy and delivery weight than the group with normal FL (p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression revealed a significant increase in birth weight below fifth percentile, SGA, LBW infants and PTB (<32, <34 and <37 weeks) in the ISF group (p < 0.05). The incidence of PE was similar in both groups.ConclusionIsolated short femur in the second trimester increases the risk of LBW, SGA and PTB, but not of PE. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How Far do England's Second‐Order Cities Emulate London as Human‐Capital ‘Escalators’?
Authors: Champion Tony , Coombes Mike , Gordon Ian 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIn the urban resurgence accompanying the growth of the knowledge economy, second‐order cities appear to be losing out to the principal city, especially where the latter is much larger and benefits from substantially greater agglomeration economies. The view that any city can make itself attractive to creative talent seems at odds with the idea of a country having just one ‘escalator region’ where the rate of career progression is much faster, especially for in‐migrants. This paper takes the case of England, with its highly primate city‐size distribution, and tests how its second‐order cities (in size order, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Newcastle, Bristol, Sheffield, Liverpool, Nottingham, and Leicester) compare with London as human‐capital escalators. The analysis is based on the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Survey of linked census records for 1991–2001 and uses one key indicator of upward social mobility – the transition from White Collar Non‐core to White Collar Core. For non‐migrants, the transition rate for the second‐order cities combined is found to fall well short of London's, but in one case – Manchester – the rate is significantly higher than the rest of the country outside the Greater South East. Those moving to the second‐order cities during the decade experienced much stronger upward social mobility than their non‐migrants, but this ‘migrant premium’ was generally similar to that for London, suggesting that it results from people moving only after they have secured a better job. Second‐order cities, therefore, cannot rely on the speculative migration of talented people but need suitable jobs ready for them to access. © 2013 The Authors. Population, Space and Place. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.