bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPTIMAL MIX BETWEEN PAY AS YOU GO AND FUNDING FOR PENSION LIABILITIES IN A STOCHASTIC FRAMEWORK
Authors: Devolder Pierre , Melis Roberta 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper addresses the financing of public pensions in a stochastic environment. Traditionally, funded and unfunded pension schemes have been viewed as opposite solutions for the first pillar of public pensions. However, more recently countries as Sweden and Poland have explored mixed solutions that combine pay-as-you-go (PAYG) with funding mechanisms. The aims of this paper are to examine the rationality of such a combination using portfolio theory arguments and to find the optimal split of the contributions between the two systems. We first introduce the classical deterministic model leading to the well-known Samuelson–Aaron rule according to which diversification is never optimal. We then introduce different stochastic models in which the main processes (wage growth, population growth, financial rate of return) are random. In particular, we obtain conditions on parameters to justify diversification and explicit optimal sharing between PAYG and funding. We also introduce the possibility of investing in several financial assets and explore the impact of introducing systematic longevity risk.
Academic Institutions’ Critical Guidelines for Health Care Workers Who Deploy to West Africa for the Ebola Response and Future Crises
Authors: Cranmer Hilarie , Aschkenasy Miriam , Wildes Ryan , Kayden Stephanie , Bangsberg David , Niescierenko Michelle , Kemen Katie , Hsiao Kai-Hsun , VanRooyen Michael , Burkle Frederick M. , Biddinger Paul D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe unprecedented Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa, with its first cases documented in March 2014, has claimed the lives of thousands of people, and it has devastated the health care infrastructure and workforce in affected countries. Throughout this outbreak, there has been a critical lack of health care workers (HCW), including physicians, nurses, and other essential non-clinical staff, who have been needed, in most of the affected countries, to support the medical response to EVD, to attend to the health care needs of the population overall, and to be trained effectively in infection protection and control. This lack of sufficient and qualified HCW is due in large part to three factors: 1) limited HCW staff prior to the outbreak, 2) disproportionate illness and death among HCWs caused by EVD directly, and 3) valid concerns about personal safety among international HCWs who are considering responding to the affected areas. These guidelines are meant to inform institutions who deploy professional HCWs. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:586–590)
Antibubbles and fine cylindrical sheets of air
Authors: Beilharz D. , Guyon A. , Li E. Q. , Thoraval M.-J. , Thoroddsen S. T. 
Published: August 2015

Drops impacting at low velocities onto a pool surface can stretch out thin hemispherical sheets of air between the drop and the pool. These air sheets can remain intact until they reach submicron thicknesses, at which point they rupture to form a myriad of microbubbles. By impacting a higher-viscosity drop onto a lower-viscosity pool, we have explored new geometries of such air films. In this way we are able to maintain stable air layers which can wrap around the entire drop to form repeatable antibubbles, i.e. spherical air layers bounded by inner and outer liquid masses. Furthermore, for the most viscous drops they enter the pool trailing a viscous thread reaching all the way to the pinch-off nozzle. The air sheet can also wrap around this thread and remain stable over an extended period of time to form a cylindrical air sheet. We study the parameter regime where these structures appear and their subsequent breakup. The stability of these thin cylindrical air sheets is inconsistent with inviscid stability theory, suggesting stabilization by lubrication forces within the submicron air layer. We use interferometry to measure the air-layer thickness versus depth along the cylindrical air sheet and around the drop. The air film is thickest above the equator of the drop, but thinner below the drop and up along the air cylinder. Based on microbubble volumes, the thickness of the cylindrical air layer becomes less than 100 nm before it ruptures.
Extensional and shear flows, and general rheology of concentrated emulsions of deformable drops
Authors: Zinchenko Alexander Z. , Davis Robert H. 
Published: August 2015

The rheology of highly concentrated monodisperse emulsions is studied by rigorous multidrop numerical simulations for three types of steady macroscopic flow, (i) simple shear ($\dot{{\it\gamma}}x_{2}$, 0 0), (ii) planar extension (PE) ($\dot{{\it\Gamma}}x_{1},-\dot{{\it\Gamma}}x_{2},0$) and (iii) mixed ($\dot{{\it\gamma}}x_{2}$, $\dot{{\it\gamma}}{\it\chi}x_{1}$, 0), where $\dot{{\it\gamma}}$ and $\dot{{\it\Gamma}}$ are the deformation rates, and ${\it\chi}\in (-1,1)$ is the flow parameter, in order to construct and validate a general constitutive model for emulsion flows with arbitrary kinematics. The algorithm is a development of the multipole-accelerated boundary-integral (BI) code of Zinchenko & Davis (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 455, 2002, pp. 21–62). It additionally incorporates periodic boundary conditions for (ii) and (iii) (based on the reproducible lattice dynamics of Kraynik–Reinelt for PE), control of surface overlapping, much more robust controllable surface triangulations for long-time simulations, and more efficient acceleration. The emulsion steady-state viscometric functions (shear viscosity and normal stress differences) for (i) and extensiometric functions (extensional viscosity and stress cross-difference) for (ii) are studied in the range of drop volume fractions $c=0.45{-}0.55$, drop-to-medium viscosity ratios ${\it\lambda}=0.25{-}10$ and various capillary numbers $\mathit{Ca}$, with 100–400 drops in a periodic cell and 2000–4000 boundary elements per drop. High surface resolution is important for all three flows at small $\mathit{Ca}$. Large system size and strains $\dot{{\it\gamma}}t$ of up to several thousand are imperative in some shear-flow simulations to identify the onset of phase transition to a partially ordered state, and evaluate (although still not precisely) the viscometric functions in this state. Below the phase transition point, the shear viscosity versus $\mathit{Ca}$ shows a kinked behaviour, with the local minimum most pronounced at ${\it\lambda}=1$ and $c=0.55$. The ${\it\lambda}=0.25$ emulsions flow in a partially ordered manner in a wide range of $\mathit{Ca}$ even when $c=0.45$. Increase of ${\it\lambda}$ to 3–10 shifts the onset of ordering to much smaller $\mathit{Ca}$, often outside the simulation range. In contrast to simple shear, phase transition is never observed in PE or mixed flow. A generalized five-parameter Oldroyd model with variable coefficients is fitted to our extensiometric and viscometric functions at arbitrary flow intensities (but outside the phase transition range). The model predictions compare very well with precise simulation results for strong mixed flows, ${\it\chi}=0.25$. Time-dependent PE flow is also considered. Ways to overcome the phase transition and drop breakup limitations on constitutive modelling are discussed.
Estimation of transient heat transfer and fluid flow for alloy solidification in a rectangular cavity with an isothermal sidewall
Authors: Plotkowski A. , Fezi K. , Krane M. J. M. 
Published: August 2015

Transient scaling and integral analyses were performed to predict trends in alloy solidification in a rectangular cavity cooled by an isothermal sidewall. The natural convection fluid flow was approximated by a scaling analysis for a laminar boundary layer at the solidification front, and was coupled to scaling and integral analyses of the energy equation to predict the solidification behaviour of the system. These analyses predicted several relevant aspects of the solidification process, including the time required to extinguish the initial superheat and the maximum local solidification time as a function of the system parameters and material properties. These results were verified by comparison to numerical simulations for an Al–4.5 wt% Cu alloy for various initial and boundary conditions and cavity aspect ratios. The analysis was compared to previous attempts to analyse similar fluid flow and solidification processes, and the limitations of the assumptions used for this analysis were discussed.
Peri-urban conservation in the Mondah forest of Libreville, Gabon: Red List assessments of endemic plant species, and avoiding protected area downsizing
Authors: Walters G. , Ngagnia Ndjabounda E. , Ikabanga D. , Biteau J. P. , Hymas O. , White L. J. T. , Ndong Obiang A.-M. , Ndong Ondo P. , Jeffery K. J. , Lachenaud O. , Stévart T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUrban development is an increasing threat to the integrity of formerly remote protected areas, in some cases resulting in their downgrading, downsizing or degazetting. One-quarter of previously remote protected areas are now within 17 km of a city and thus face the threat of urbanization. Here we describe a case of avoided downgrading, downsizing and degazetting of a protected area in the Mondah forest of Gabon, north of Libreville. Since its creation in 1934 the Forêt Classée de la Mondah has been downsized regularly, losing 40% of its area over 80 years. During this time the forest surrounding the Forêt Classée was subject to usage for urban and peri-urban needs, including agriculture, sand extraction, collection of medicinal plants, ceremonies, and housing construction. In 2010 the area was threatened with further downsizing. The presence of narrowly endemic plant species in the area was suspected, and mapping and evaluation of these species was proposed in an effort to maintain the protected area boundaries. Botanical field work, including ex situ conservation measures and participant observation in nearby forest communities, was conducted; 24 endemic species, all threatened by urbanization, were evaluated using the criteria for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The borders of the protected area were maintained because of its role in maintaining irreplaceable habitat for threatened species. The area was renamed Raponda Walker Arboretum in 2012.
Depression and the risk of autoimmune disease: a nationally representative, prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Andersson N. W. , Gustafsson L. N. , Okkels N. , Taha F. , Cole S. W. , Munk-Jørgensen P. , Goodwin R. D. 
Published: August 2015

Background.Autoimmune diseases are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, yet the etiology remains unclear. Depression has been implicated as a risk factor for various immune-related disorders but little is known about the risk of autoimmune disease. This study examined the association between depression and the risk of autoimmune disease, and investigated the temporal and dose-response nature of these relationships.Method.A prospective population-based study including approximately 1.1 million people was conducted using linked Danish registries. Depression and autoimmune diseases were diagnosed by physicians and documented in medical records. In total, 145 217 individuals with depression were identified between 1995 and 2012. Survival analyses were used to estimate the relative risk of autoimmune disease among those with, compared to without, depression. Analyses were adjusted for gender, age, and co-morbid mental disorders.Results.Depression was associated with a significantly increased risk of autoimmune disease [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.25, 95% CI 1.19–1.31], compared to those without a history of depression. Results suggest a general increased risk of autoimmune diseases following the onset of depression during first year (IRR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05–1.58), which remained elevated for the ensuing 11 years and beyond (IRR 1.53, 95% CI 1.34–1.76). Findings did not support a dose-response relationship.Conclusions.Depression appears to be associated with an increased risk of a range of autoimmune diseases. Depression may play a role in the etiology of certain autoimmune conditions. If replicated, findings could highlight additional clinical implications in the treatment and management of depression. Future studies are needed to investigate the possible social, genetic, and neurobiological underpinnings of these relationships.
Seeing the Dao: conceptual metaphors and the philosophy of religion
Authors: HARRISON VICTORIA S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article suggests that different philosophical traditions have developed and matured around particular conceptual metaphors. It proposes that conceptual metaphor theory provides a useful tool with which to think about different world philosophical traditions, as it can reveal the deep structure of networks of ideas. Conceptual metaphors are not just linguistic devices; rather they organize whole networks of thought, experience, and activity. This idea is explored and special attention paid to the role of those conceptual metaphors that structure ways of thinking about knowledge within Western, Indian, and East Asian traditions. The article concludes with some reflections on the implications of this approach for inter-cultural philosophy of religion.
The modality of theism and probabilistic natural theology: a tension in Alvin Plantinga's philosophy
Authors: WUNDER TYLER 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn Wunder (2013) I observed a probabilistic blunder in Plantinga (2011) and argued that correcting it, while noting Plantinga's acceptance of logically non-contingent theism, had negative consequences for many other of his probabilistic claims. Professor Plantinga kindly replied to my correspondence, but the fruits of that conversation could not be incorporated into Wunder (2013). This article will explain the blunder and summarize my earlier arguments before addressing Plantinga's main replies. I conclude that these replies fail to circumvent most of the problems observed earlier: perhaps most significantly, the Evolutionary Argument against Naturalism and theism's logical non-contingency still appear jointly to imply theism's necessary falsehood.
Phase 2 trial of ixazomib in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma not refractory to bortezomib
Authors: Kumar S K , LaPlant B , Roy V , Reeder C B , Lacy M Q , Gertz M A , Laumann K , Thompson M A , Witzig T E , Buadi F K , Rivera C E , Mikhael J R , Bergsagel P L , Kapoor P , Hwa L , Fonseca R , Stewart A K , Chanan-Khan A , Rajkumar S V , Dispenzieri A 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis phase 2 trial was designed to evaluate ixazomib, an orally bioavailable proteasome inhibitor, in patients with myeloma who have limited prior exposure to bortezomib. Thirty-three patients with relapsed multiple myeloma were enrolled. Ixazomib was given at 5.5 mg weekly for 3 of 4 weeks. Dexamethasone was added for lack of a minor response (MR) by end of cycle 2 or lack of a partial response (PR) by end of cycle 4 or for disease progression at any time. Median age was 69 years; patients had a median of two prior therapies (range 1–7). A grade 3 or 4 adverse event considered at least possibly related to drug was seen in 19 (59%) and 6 (19%) patients, respectively. The most common adverse events were thrombocytopenia, fatigue, nausea and diarrhea. Dexamethasone was initiated in 22 (67%) patients, 17 for not reaching the desired response and 5 for progression. Response (⩾PR) to single agent was seen in five patients within four cycles of therapy including three patients with PR, one patient with complete response (CR) and one patient with stringent CR. Six additional patients with either an MR (2) or SD (4) achieved a PR after addition of dexamethasone, translating to an overall response rate of 34%.
Common and rare variants associated with kidney stones and biochemical traits
Authors: Oddsson Asmundur , Sulem Patrick , Helgason Hannes , Edvardsson Vidar O. , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Sveinbjörnsson Gardar , Haraldsdottir Eik , Eyjolfsson Gudmundur I. , Sigurdardottir Olof , Olafsson Isleifur , Masson Gisli , Holm Hilma , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Indridason Olafur S. , Palsson Runolfur , Stefansson Kari 
Published: August 2015

AbstractKidney stone disease is a complex disorder with a strong genetic component. We conducted a genome-wide association study of 28.3 million sequence variants detected through whole-genome sequencing of 2,636 Icelanders that were imputed into 5,419 kidney stone cases, including 2,172 cases with a history of recurrent kidney stones, and 279,870 controls. We identify sequence variants associating with kidney stones at ALPL (rs1256328[T], odds ratio (OR)=1.21, P=5.8 × 10−10) and a suggestive association at CASR (rs7627468[A], OR=1.16, P=2.0 × 10−8). Focusing our analysis on coding sequence variants in 63 genes with preferential kidney expression we identify two rare missense variants SLC34A1 p.Tyr489Cys (OR=2.38, P=2.8 × 10−5) and TRPV5 p.Leu530Arg (OR=3.62, P=4.1 × 10−5) associating with recurrent kidney stones. We also observe associations of the identified kidney stone variants with biochemical traits in a large population set, indicating potential biological mechanism.
Visualizing nanoscale 3D compositional fluctuation of lithium in advanced lithium-ion battery cathodes
Authors: Devaraj A. , Gu M. , Colby R. , Yan P. , Wang C. M. , Zheng J. M. , Xiao J. , Genc A. , Zhang J. G. , Belharouak I. , Wang D. , Amine K. , Thevuthasan S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe distribution of cations in Li-ion battery cathodes as a function of cycling is a pivotal characteristic of battery performance. The transition metal cation distribution has been shown to affect cathode performance; however, Li is notoriously challenging to characterize with typical imaging techniques. Here laser-assisted atom probe tomography (APT) is used to map the three-dimensional distribution of Li at a sub-nanometre spatial resolution and correlate it with the distribution of the transition metal cations (M) and the oxygen. As-fabricated layered Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 is shown to have Li-rich Li2MO3 phase regions and Li-depleted Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O2 regions. Cycled material has an overall loss of Li in addition to Ni-, Mn- and Li-rich regions. Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is shown to have a uniform distribution of all cations. APT results were compared to energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping with a scanning transmission electron microscope to confirm the transition metal cation distribution.
TRIzol and Alu qPCR-based quantification of metastatic seeding within the skeleton
Authors: Preston Campbell J. , Mulcrone P. , Masood S. K. , Karolak M. , Merkel A. , Hebron K. , Zijlstra A. , Sterling J. , Elefteriou F. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCurrent methods for detecting disseminated tumor cells in the skeleton are limited by expense and technical complexity. We describe a simple and inexpensive method to quantify, with single cell sensitivity, human metastatic cancer in the mouse skeleton, concurrently with host gene expression, using TRIzol-based DNA/RNA extraction and Alu sequence qPCR amplification. This approach enables precise quantification of tumor cells and corresponding host gene expression during metastatic colonization in xenograft models.
Stabilisation of Fe2O3-rich Perovskite Nanophase in Epitaxial Rare-earth Doped BiFeO3 Films
Authors: Zhang Huairuo , Reaney Ian M. , Marincel Daniel M. , Trolier-McKinstry Susan , Ramasse Quentin M. , MacLaren Ian , Findlay Scott D. , Fraleigh Robert D. , Ross Ian M. , Hu Shunbo , Ren Wei , Mark Rainforth W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractResearchers have demonstrated that BiFeO3 exhibits ferroelectric hysteresis but none have shown a strong ferromagnetic response in either bulk or thin film without significant structural or compositional modification. When remanent magnetisations are observed in BiFeO3 based thin films, iron oxide second phases are often detected. Using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, atomic resolution electron energy loss spectrum-mapping and quantitative energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, we reveal the existence of a new Fe2O3-rich perovskite nanophase, with an approximate formula (Fe0.6Bi0.25Nd0.15)3+ Fe3+O3, formed within epitaxial Ti and Nd doped BiFeO3 perovskite films grown by pulsed laser deposition. The incorporation of Nd and Bi ions on the A-site and coherent growth with the matrix stabilise the Fe2O3-rich perovskite phase and preliminary density functional theory calculations suggest that it should have a ferrimagnetic response. Perovskite-structured Fe2O3 has been reported previously but never conclusively proven when fabricated at high-pressure high-temperature. This work suggests the incorporation of large A-site species may help stabilise perovskite-structured Fe2O3. This finding is therefore significant not only to the thin film but also to the high-pressure community.
Integrated analysis of miRNA/mRNA network in placenta identifies key factors associated with labor onset of Large White and Qingping sows
Authors: Li Huanan , Wu Bin , Geng Junnan , Zhou Jiawei , Zheng Rong , Chai Jin , Li Fenge , Peng Jian , Jiang Siwen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLabour onset is a very complex physiological process and its mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we obtained the mRNA and miRNA expression profiles from the placentas of four groups of sows: Qingping sows 112 days after insemination with signs of labour onset (QS), Qingping sows 114 days after insemination with signs of labour onset (QL), Large White sows 114 days after insemination with signs of labour onset (LL) and Large White sows 112 days after insemination without signs of labour onset (LN). A set of differentially expressed genes, including 2164 mRNAs and 39 miRNAs, were found. A DAVID analysis of these differentially expressed genes revealed their critical roles in response to hormone stimulus, immune response. Cytoscape Network analysis of the functional genes found node mRNAs and that the regulatory network between the node mRNAs and miRNAs was established. A comparison of the sequencing data from the shorter gestation period (QS) and the normal gestation period (QL) indicated that these genes were responsible for the quicker and more sensitive reaction to the regulation of labour onset. This research not only detected the key factors that were involved in labour onset but also provided useful information for the research of gynaecological diseases.
Optimal GHZ Paradox for Three Qubits
Authors: Ren Changliang , Su Hong-Yi , Xu Zhen-Peng , Wu Chunfeng , Chen Jing-Ling 
Published: August 2015

AbstractQuatum nonlocality as a valuable resource is of vital importance in quantum information processing. The characterization of the resource has been extensively investigated mainly for pure states, while relatively less is know for mixed states. Here we prove the existence of the optimal GHZ paradox by using a novel and simple method to extract an optimal state that can saturate the tradeoff relation between quantum nonlocality and the state purity. In this paradox, the logical inequality which is formulated by the GHZ-typed event probabilities can be violated maximally by the optimal state for any fixed amount of purity (or mixedness). Moreover, the optimal state can be described as a standard GHZ state suffering flipped color noise. The maximal amount of noise that the optimal state can resist is 50%. We suggest our result to be a step toward deeper understanding of the role played by the AVN proof of quantum nonlocality as a useful physical resource.