bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A NEW LOOK AT GERIATRIC CARE
Authors: Kobrynski B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA geriatric program should meet the varying needs of elderly people, which may range from simple financial assistance to active medical rehabilitation and long‐term nursing, care. To make a geriatric program succeed, health, welfare and social agencies must work closely together. It is important that a full range of services be available in a community so as to assure the elderly person of proper care at the proper time. Because of the high incidence of crippling chronic disease in the older age group, there is a great need for hospital facilities which are equipped and staffed adequately to provide modern rehabilitation therapies. Elderly people with severe, irreversible conditions and terminal patients need a nursing facility where therapies which lessen discomfort and boost morale are available. This is best achieved when the nursing facility is closely associated with a hospital or is a part of a hospital.
AMYLOID IN THE WHITE PEKIN DUCK: A FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPIC STUDY*
Authors: Rigdon R. H. , Schwartz Philip 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNo amyloid was found in the liver of 6 normal white Pekin ducks, 72 days old, but hepatic amyloid was present in 14 of 15 ducks, 217 to 992 days old. The spleen, adrenals, heart, lungs, pancreas, intestine, oviduct, and sympathetic ganglion were also affected in some of the ducks.Fluorescence microscopic examination of histologic sections treated with thioflavin‐S is the most effective and reliable technique for the demonstration of amyloid deposits in ducks.The occurrence of amyloid in the duck is discussed in relation to the presence and location of amyloid in man and other animals, and in relation to aging.
ENDOTOXIC SHOCK AND HYPERPYREXIA IN UROLOGICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Seneca Harry 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDuring the six‐month period, February—August 1966, 400 cystoscopies and 228 urological operations were performed on ward and semiprivate patients on the Urological Service of Columbia‐Presbyterian Medical Center. Postoperative complications occurred in 63 cases:

There were 12 suspected cases of endotoxic shock, in only 5 of which was bacteremia proved to be present.
There were 51 cases of pyrexia with a temperature of more than 102° F.
Most of these complications were caused by urea‐splitting bacteria.If a urea‐splitting bacterium is present in the urine, instrumentation and/or operation should be deferred if possible until a specific bactericidal can be given. In emergency situations, two specific antibacterials should be available for the control of possible endotoxic shock.Attempts at prevention of postoperative endotoxic shock by means of prophylactic antibacterial therapy have been disappointing.In view of the fact that anabolic, relatively nonandrogenic steroids increase the resistance of animals to experimental infection with Aerobacter aerogenes and Streptococcus hemolyticus, and neutralize the effect on A. aerogenes endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), it is suggested that these steroids be used to supplement the present treatment of bacteremia or bacterial endotoxic shock.
A STUDY OF THE FATIGUE‐INDUCED INCREASE IN SKELETAL MUSCLE VOLTAGE IN TWO AGE GROUPS
Authors: Carlson Karl E. , Smyth Kenneth D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe voltage gain in human muscle under conditions of prolonged isometric contraction was measured in 24 subjects—12 “young normal” subjects whose ages ranged from 26 to 53 years, and 12 “normal over‐65” subjects whose ages ranged from 66 to 78 years.In terms of rate of voltage increase and initial voltage, there was little or no difference between the two age groups. The mean percentage increase in voltage for the older group was about half that for the younger group. However, this was interpreted on the basis of about a 50 per cent reduction in contraction time for the older group.Skeletal muscle fatigue when the biceps brachii muscles were subjected to prolonged isometric contraction developed in the over‐65 group in about the same manner (electrically) as in the young group. The only significant difference was the ability of the younger subjects to sustain the contraction about twice as long as did the older subjects.
METHAQUALONE—A SEDATIVE OR MILD TRANQUILIZER FOR GERIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: Cromwell Henry A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAn investigation of the sedative‐tranquilizing effects of methaqualone (Quaalude) by the double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover method was started on 50 patients (38 females and 12 males) with the anxiety‐tension syndrome, whose average age was 79 years; 35 patients completed the study.From analysis of the clinical data it is concluded that methaqualone is effective as a sedative or mild tranquilizer in geriatric patients. The subjective responses indicated that it improved the general condition of 30 of the 35 patients. There was a statistically significant difference between the number of patients who improved with methaqualone and the number who improved with placebo.Side effects were few and occurred about equally during the placebo and the methaqualone treatment periods.As a secondary observation—3 of 5 women who were taking nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis volunteered the information that the pain was less during methaqualone therapy.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN BLOOD GLUCOSE REGULATION
Authors: Cheraskin E. , Ringsdorf W. M. , Setyaadmadja A. T. S. H. , Barrett R. A. , Sibley G. T. , Reid R. W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTo investigate the influence of environment on the level of blood glucose, 639 adult subjects were studied, in three groups. One‐third consisted of married women; one‐third consisted of their husbands; and one‐third consisted of unrelated females (randomly drawn) age‐paired to the wives. Blood glucose concentration was measured by the Dextrostix method.In the two male‐female comparisons the blood glucose levels were alike only in the husband‐wife group, and in this group the correlation became more marked with advancing age. Since the husbands and their wives presumably lived under similar conditions, this may constitute evidence for the role of environment in the regulation of blood glucose, without in any way minimizing the role of genetic factors.
MANAGEMENT OF UREMIA IN OLDER PATIENTS: HEMODIALYSIS AND RENAL TRANSPLANTATION*
Authors: Figueroa Julio E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSixteen uremic patients aged 50 or older were treated at the Ochsner Medical Center by hemodialysis, renal transplantation, or both, during a 30‐month period. Nine had acute uremia, and 7 chronic uremia. Renal function was restored in 2 of the 9 patients with acute uremia, but only 1 survived. The most common causes of unsuccessful results were respiratory failure due to aspiration pneumonitis and death due to complicating diseases, usually arteriosclerosis. Of the 7 patients with chronic uremia, 5 survived; 2 of these have reduced renal function but the other 3 have been completely rehabilitated by hemodialysis (at home) or renal transplantation.As a result of our experience, we advocate that hemodialysis be used in all patients with acute renal failure, regardless of age, and that hemodialysis and renal transplantation be considered in all patients with chronic renal failure, regardless of age, as long as complicating diseases do not preclude long‐term survival.
ADULT PREVENTIVE MEDICINE: THE FOURTH PHASE IN THE EVOLUTION OF MEDICINE*
Authors: STILL JOSEPH W. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Adult preventive medicine is the presently emerging phase of scientifically based medicine. This article: 1) traces the necessity for the development of adult preventive medicine because of many social mutations that have taken place in this century, and 2) outlines its theoretical foundations, involving such matters as health education and adult preventive medicine programs (medical weight control, anti‐smoking, preventive endocrinology, health education in human physiology and how to cope with stress, potential and motivational analysis, and predictive physico‐chemical programs).The role of the physician will change from that of a supervisor of detection‐treatment medicine to that of an advisor and consultant in adult preventive medicine. Computerized pre‐disease diagnosis and health education (including knowledge concerning the use and abuse of stress) will be emphasized, to improve upon the present history‐and‐physical‐examination method.The total program will require a tremendous increase in professionals trained to manage its various aspects.
FOLLOW‐UP STUDY ON PATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM A CHRONIC DISEASE HOSPITAL TO DOMICILIARY CARE DURING 1965 AND 1966
Authors: WILSON MURIEL 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Follow‐studies were conducted on unselected groups of patients discharged from a chronic disease hospital to private homes or to domiciliary facilities. Most of these patients were between the ages of 70 and 72. Reports are presented on 105 patients discharged in 1965 to such facilities—at the end of one year from the time of discharge, at the end of one and a half years, and at the end of two years. Additional data are presented regarding the main diagnosis and length of hospital stay in relation to results after one year in 75 patients discharged during the first eight months of 1966.The 1965 data indicate that 45 per cent of those discharged were still functioning adequately at the end of one year, 39 per cent after one and a half years, and 32 per cent after two years, with an additional percentage (18 per cent at one year, 15 per cent at one and a half years and 17 per cent at two years) showing minor or gross deterioration but still able to be maintained outside of a hospital.In view of the advanced age, the multiplicity of diseases and the average life expectancy of these aged patients, the results represent a reasonable degree of success in the rehabilitation of long‐term patients, and also tend to refute a common belief that the chronically ill geriatric patient will inevitably deteriorate rapidly after discharge from the hospital.The numbers of patients are too small for drawing definite conclusions, but may indicate areas worthy of further study.
CHRONIC SUBDURAL HEMATOMA IN THE ELDERLY: A CURABLE LESION
Authors: RASKIND ROBERT , METCALF J. S. , WEISS S. R. , DORIA ALBERTO 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Thirty‐nine elderly patients were treated surgically for chronic subdural hematoma. Of the 34 who survived the postoperative period, 30 were restored to their pre‐illness states of activity and function; the remaining 4 had paraplegia or hemiparesis.Chronic subdural hematoma in patients past 60 years of age presents many difficulties in diagnosis. However, clues often may be elicited by careful inquiry into the history, thorough physical examination, echo‐encephalography, plain roentgenograms of the skull, and analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid. Subdural hematoma must be seriously considered in any person older than 60 with a history of recent personality changes, rapidly progressing senility, headaches, or neurological deficits, whether or not there has been any known trauma to the head.It is important to recognize that the lesion is often curable. The better results in our series were obtained in those cases in which diagnosis and surgical intervention were carried out early in the course of the illness.
STEREOTACTIC THALAMOTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS: CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF PARKINSONIAN PATIENTS
Authors: PERLMUTTER IRWIN , FAIRMAN DAVID 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Stereotactic thalamotomy has been performed to date on 370 patients with extrapyramidal disorders; 287 of these patients had Parkinson's disease.The proper selection of candidates for this operation, among elderly persons just as among younger ones, is essential for success. The criteria for selection of parkinsonian patients are listed, as are the contraindications for the operation in this disease.When properly selected elderly parkinsonian patients undergo accurately performed stereotactic thalamotomy, good results (complete or marked relief of tremor and/or rigidity) can be expected in about 75 per cent of the cases. Two representative case reports are included.
CONCENTRIC HYALIN INTRANEURONAL INCLUSIONS OF LEWY TYPE IN THE BRAINS OF ELDERLY PERSONS (50 INCIDENTAL CASES): RELATIONSHIP TO PARKINSONISM
Authors: Forno L. S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe significance of the intracytoplasmic hyalin neuronal inclusions first described by Lewy over fifty years ago is discussed on the basis of an analysis of 50 autopsy cases in which Lewy bodies were an incidental finding. Lewy bodies were not found in any person younger than 62 in this series. The distribution of the inclusions was similar to that in 21 cases of idiopathic parkinsonism, and in half the cases there was similar although less severe, nerve‐cell loss in the substantia nigra. Twenty‐two per cent of the incidental cases eventually proved to have had some mild clinical symptomatology that might indicate parkinsonism.It is suggested that Lewy bodies are related to a specific abnormality of nerve‐cell metabolism, affecting the neuromelanin‐containing nerve cells in particular, and related to idiopathic parkinsonism rather than to age alone. Incidental cases may represent mild, early and preclinical cases of parkinsonism.
PROVISION OF REHABILITATION IN NURSING HOMES*
Authors: Stone Lana B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInterviews were conducted with the administrators of 118 nursing homes in Minnesota. Data were collected regarding: 1) characteristics of the nursing home, 2) economic characteristics, 3) characteristics of the patients, and 4) characteristics of the administrators. Information also was collected on: 1) medical rehabilitation services, 2) psycho‐social rehabilitation services, 3) volunteer services, and 4) activity programs. Indices were developed and the data subjected to statistical analysis.Results of the study indicate that nursing homes differ in the kinds of rehabilitation services and programs provided to their elderly patients. Different nursing homes emphasize different aspects of rehabilitation. Moreover, although nursing homes differ as to kinds of rehabilitation services and programs provided, few nursing homes serve a homogeneous population, similar in terms of rehabilitation potential and rehabilitation needs. Patients with high potential are housed in nursing homes providing few, if any, medical rehabilitation services, and persons who might especially benefit from programs of nonmedical rehabilitation dwell in facilities placing little emphasis upon their psychological and social needs.An obvious conclusion is that nursing‐home patients should be classified according to rehabilitation potential and rehabilitation needs and matched with nursing homes which can best fulfill the requirements. Although both potential and needs for rehabilitation may be medically assessed, there are few criteria by which to classify nursing homes according to rehabilitation services offered. This study represents a first attempt to discover those characteristics of nursing homes which provide various kinds of rehabilitation services and programs for their aged residents.
FAMILIAL FACTORS IN PSYCHIC ADJUSTMENT
Authors: Cheraskin E. , Ringsdorf W. M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTo investigate the influence of environment upon the psychic (emotional) state, 150 adult subjects were studied, in three groups. One‐third consisted of married women; one‐third consisted of their husbands; and one‐third consisted of unrelated females (randomly drawn) age‐paired to the wives. Psychic state was determined by a simple self‐administered controlled association test (Cornell Word Form‐2).In the two male‐female comparisons, the psychic responses were related only in the husband‐wife group, and in this group the correlation increased with advancing age. Since the husbands and their wives presumably lived under similar conditions, this may constitute evidence for the role of environment in the psychic state, without in any way minimizing other causative factors.
HORMONES AND CHOLESTEROL ESTER METABOLISM
Authors: Schweppe John S. , Jungmann Richard A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA study was made of the effects of testosterone, estradiol, ACTH, insulin, epinephrine and l‐thyroxine on a microsomal preparation of female rat liver esterifying enzyme and cholesterol plus palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. In the doses used, these hormones modified the rate of ester synthesis. Further experiments showed that low doses of androgen or estrogen had a stimulating effect whereas high doses had an inhibitory effect.On the basis of our findings and a review of the literature, it is concluded that the concentration of cholesterol or its esters in the plasma at any given time is determined by the net rate: 1) of absorption, 2) synthesis, 3) transport and lipoprotein binding, and 4) fecal excretion and partial re‐absorption following oxidative degradation of cholesterol to bile acids.The turnover rate of free cholesterol is far more rapid than that of the ester. Also, the degree of unsaturation of the ester influences the rate of turnover. Mono‐unsaturated esters have the highest turnover rate. Lipoprotein binding in the very‐low‐density fraction is dependent upon diet; the more dense lipoproteins (> 1.061–1.21) are thought to be partially under genetic control.Hormones act at three levels: 1) biosynthesis, 2) compartmentalization and transport (binding), and 3) excretion. The first two mechanisms may be involved with androgens, estrogens and insulin.The atherosclerotic process involves many physicochemical factors. Diet and hormones modify the ester fraction. They also change the endogenous synthesis of cholesterol from acetate or mevalonate. Apparently the composition of the ester plays an important role in the deposition of cholesterol and its esters in sites of predilection.
HYPEROSMOLAR STATES IN THE CHRONICALLY ILL
Authors: Berenyi Magdalena R. , Straus Bernard 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThree chronically ill patients with hyperosmolar states of different origin were studied. The discussion involves hyperglycemic nonketotic coma, coma due to tube feeding of high‐protein nutrients, and hyperosmolality following diuretic administration and an inadequate intake of fluids. The hypertonic dehydration of these patients was caused by a deficit of water and an excess of solutes. Common to all 3 cases were urinary‐tract infections with probable pyelonephritis.The loss of concentrating power in the pyelonephritic kidney results in a reduction of the ability to conserve body water. In older patients, there is an increase in the obligatory water loss via the urine because tubular function in the aging arteriosclerotic kidney is diminished. Other important factors in the pathogenesis of hyperosmolar states are fever, infection, inability to respond to thirst, impairment of glucose tolerance, and the frequent use of diuretics. The essential elements of management are early recognition and prompt correction with hypotonic solutions.
DEPRESSION AND SUICIDE IN THE GERIATRIC PATIENT
Authors: Wolff Kurt 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA survey was made of 200 elderly male patients in a VA hospital; 100 (Group A) had depression of the psychoneurotic or psychosomatic type with no evidence of suicidal potential, and 100 (Group B) had a psychotic depressive reaction with suicidal tendencies. The behavioral features of each group are described.In Group A the symptoms of depression were related to “loss” (of physical health, of independence, of social status, of a spouse or close relative) or “failure.” These patients were of the passive‐dependent type. In Group B, the symptoms of depression were related to compulsivity (work, ambition, perfection). These patients “introjected” their hostile feelings. Eighty per cent had suicidal tendencies.It is very important to differentiate these types of depression because the proper treatment, and the fairly good prognosis, are based upon understanding the psychodynamics.
SULFATE‐CONTAINING GASTRIC MUCUS COMPONENTS AND PEPTIC ULCER: A POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Familiar R. G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUlcer‐producing agents or procedures may act by interfering with the production of sulfate‐containing components of the gastric mucus. The rate‐limiting step in the production of sulfate‐containing mucus components may be the stimulated formation of phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate by vitamin A.Research is required to establish, or deny, a link between ulcerogenic agents and this sulfate activation reaction.
MANAGEMENT OF THE HEMIPLEGIC PATIENT
Authors: Kurasik Steve , Sutton Bruce B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the past hemiplegic patients often have been considered hopeless cripples and relegated to some chronic disease institutions or nursing homes, there to vegetate for their remaining years. Our experience indicates that regardless of the extent of disability, the hemiplegic patient always can be helped to some degree by a dynamic program of rehabilitation.Presented briefly are discussions on the care and treatment of hemiplegic patients during the acute phase, the management of residual defects, and the objectives of a rehabilitation program. It is essential to learn the natural history of hemiplegia in order to suggest the proper treatment for the proper patient at the proper time. The goals of rehabilitation must be realistic. Evaluation should include long‐range planning and establishment of the therapeutic limitations. The patient's functioning and adjustment to his handicap depend greatly upon the family's attitudes toward him and his disability. With proper management of the disability, the hemiplegic patient can look forward with hope to years of useful life.
THE CHRONICALLY ILL AGED, FAMILY CONFLICT, AND FAMILY MEDICINE
Authors: Miller Michael B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe study of the chronically ill aged provides special opportunities to observe patient‐family interactions on exposure to the stress occasioned by the long‐term illness of a parent. The author and his associates have observed 9 patient‐family reactive patterns, 4 of which are inappropriate or paradoxical, and 5 of which are appropriate. The inappropriate patterns predominate among the more severely handicapped patients. Such observations contribute to the study of comprehensive care. The medical focus should be expanded to include the family in the treatment unit. An adequate nomenclature for “family diagnosis” is yet to be developed.The medical profession's traditional strong orientation towards the patient and his disease, almost to the exclusion of understanding the impact of the patient's illness on the immediate and remote social environment (and vice versa) impedes the development of comprehensive care. The diversity of socio‐cultural, religious, economic and other factors affecting patient‐family interactions and the practice of medicine is of such magnitude that the medical profession must learn to work in symbiotic association with its sister social sciences—sociology, psychology, anthropology, psychiatry and theology. Treatment of the patient as a whole person includes the study and management of the family as an entity and as part of the treatment unit that involves community health engrafted on the prevailing society or culture.
THE EDENTULOUS PATIENT. II. XEROSTOMIA AND THE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL
Authors: Cheraskin E. , Ringsdorf W. M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSixty‐seven edentulous patients with complete dentures were studied during 153 visits. Xerostomia was reported during 37 of the 153 visits, but usually it was mild and intermittent; it was constant in only 5 cases, and never severe. The blood sugar data indicated hypoglycemia during 6 per cent of the visits and hyperglycemia during 16 per cent; 3 out of 4 values were normal. In relation to xerostomia, statistical analysis showed that the blood sugar level was higher in patients with dry mouth.