bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Receiving the Initial Down Syndrome Diagnosis: A Comparison of Prenatal and Postnatal Parent Group Experiences
Authors: Nelson Goff Briana S. , Springer Nicole , Foote Laura Cline , Frantz Courtney , Peak Madison , Tracy Courtney , Veh Taylor , Bentley Gail E. , Cross Kayli A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This study explored the preliminary experiences of parents upon learning of their child's diagnosis of Down syndrome. Qualitative data from a web-based, national survey were analyzed based on two groups: prenatal (n  =  46) or postnatal (n  =  115) diagnosis. Three primary categories emerged from the data analysis: prenatal screening/testing decisions by parents, the adjustment process for parents, and postdiagnosis resources and support for parents. Participants' rationale behind pursuing testing ranged from wanting to be better prepared to not pursuing testing because it was not a factor in continuing the pregnancy. Participant reactions to the diagnosis involved a range of intense preliminary emotions; participants described their extreme grief and loss experience at the initial news of the diagnosis, which also was ambiguous in nature and required differing timelines of adjustment. Finally, participants described experiences with medical professionals, information/education, and faith/religion as resources and areas of support, although not all were described as positive in nature. Participants in both groups identified having negative experiences with medical professionals during the diagnosis process. The results indicated the importance of these early experiences for parents of children with Down syndrome and emphasize providing effective education, resources, and practical information from reliable sources.
Reciprocity and Social Capital in Sibling Relationships of People With Disabilities
Authors: Kramer John , Hall Allison , Heller Tamar 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Sibling relationships are some of the longest-lasting relationships people experience, providing ample opportunities to build connections across the life span. For siblings and people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), these connections take on an increased significance as their families age and parents can no longer provide care. This article presents findings from a qualitative study that addresses the question, “How do siblings support each other after parents no longer can provide care to the person with IDD?” Findings in this study suggest that siblings with and without disabilities experience reciprocity as a transitive exchange, which occurs through the creation of social capital in their families and community, and that nondisabled siblings mobilize their social capital to provide support to their sibling after parents pass away. Implications for future research as well as policy and practice are discussed.
A Social–Ecological Analysis of the Self-Determination Literature
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper uses a social–ecological lens to examine self-determination research, attempting to organize what is known (and unknown) about contextual factors that have the potential to impact the development and expression of self-determined behavior in people with disabilities across multiple ecological systems. Identifying and categorizing the contextual factors that researchers suggest influence self-determination have the potential to allow for the development of a framework that promotes systematic consideration of contextual factors when designing, implementing, and evaluating supports to promote self-determination. Directions for future research and practice are discussed.
Increasing an AAC User's Classroom Community Membership Through Peer Social Networks: An Ecological Intervention
Authors: Fisher Kim W. , Shogren Karrie A. , Halle James W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIncreasingly, disability is being conceptualized through a social-ecological framework that emphasizes the match or mismatch between the person and their environment (Wehmeyer et al., 2008). With that, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers have examined what supports are necessary to create truly inclusive communities for individuals with disabilities, their families, and community members. In social interaction research within the schools, an effort to conceptualize social interaction supports for children with severe disabilities has emerged (Carter & Hughes, 2005). For children with severe disabilities who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), however, this is not the case (Snell, Chen, & Hoover, 2006). Instead, a majority of social interaction research for these children has focused on skill development (Fisher & Shogren, 2012). The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of social skills instruction on the classroom community membership of a child with severe disabilities (who used AAC) and her peers. We used (a) social interaction rate, (b) sociometric status, and (c) Social Cognitive Mapping (Cairns, Perrin, & Cairns, 1985) for analysis. Results and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Assistiertes und automatisiertes Rückwärtsrangieren mit Anhänger
Authors: Werling Moritz , Heidingsfeld Michael , Reinisch Philipp , Gröll Lutz 
Published: January 2014

Zusammenfassung
Das rückwärtige Manövrieren mit Anhänger stellt nicht nur
unerfahrene Freizeit-Gespannfahrer vor eine große
Herausforderung. Aus diesem Grund werden zwei Regler als Kern
eines Fahrerassistenzsystems entwickelt, das den Fahrer durch
automatische Lenkeingriffe gezielt entlastet.
Basierend auf den kinematischen Beziehungen von Fahrzeug und
Einachsanhänger wird hierfür zunächst mittels exakter
Ein-/Ausgangslinearisierung ein Regelungsgesetz hergeleitet, das
eine vorgegebene Sollkurskrümmung des Anhängers automatisch
umsetzt und stabilisiert. Hierdurch ist der Fahrer in der Lage,
z. B. mittels Drehknopf, den Anhänger direkt zu lenken; ein
irreversibles Einknicken wird automatisch verhindert.
Anschließend wird die Regelungsaufgabe dahingehend erweitert
und gelöst, dass nunmehr das Assistenzsystem in einem zweiten
Modus die gesamte Querführung entlang einer vorgegebenen Bahn
übernimmt, was in Kombination mit einem Bahnplanungsalgorithmus
z. B. ein automatisiertes Einparken ermöglicht.
Das Gesamtsystem ist prototypisch umgesetzt und wird im
Realversuch evaluiert.
Modellierung von Hybrid-Schrittmotoren für den optimierten, geregelten Betrieb
Authors: Henke Benjamin , Neumann Rüdiger , Sawodny Oliver 
Published: January 2014

Zusammenfassung
Hybrid-Schrittmotoren im geregelten Betrieb stellen für
einfache Anwendungen eine Alternative zu teuren Servomotoren
dar. Für den Reglerentwurf wird ein Modell benötigt, das die
Besonderheiten der Hybrid-Schrittmotoren berücksichtigt. In diesem
Beitrag wird ein Modell hergeleitet, das die Effekte der
ausgeprägten Pole berücksichtigt. Wichtige Modellparameter werden
dabei durch Minimierung des quadratischen Fehlers bestimmt. Das
Modell zeigt hohe Übereinstimmung mit Experimenten und kann zur
Optimierung des Servobetriebs hinsichtlich Energieverbrauch und
Drehmoment genutzt werden.
Entwurf von Fehlerisolationsbeobachtern für lineare Systeme mit unsicheren Parametern
Authors: Wahrburg Arne , Adamy Jürgen 
Published: January 2014

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird ein Verfahren zum Entwurf von
Fehlerisolationsbeobachtern für lineare Systeme mit unsicheren
Parametern vorgestellt. Grundlage hierfür ist die Vollständige
Modale Synthese, welche für nicht-quadratische Systeme mit mehr
linear unabhängigen Messgrößen als potentiellen Fehlern eine
Charakterisierung der sich ergebenden Freiheitsgrade
liefert. Diese werden anschließend genutzt, um die strukturellen
Anforderungen an die Fehlerisolation im Sinne unterschiedlicher
Optimierungskriterien trotz vorhandener Unsicherheiten bestmöglich
zu erfüllen und so die Robustheit bezüglich unsicherer Parameter
zu erhöhen.
Optimale Regelung linearer, zeitvarianter Deskriptorsysteme
Authors: Labisch Daniel , Konigorski Ulrich 
Published: January 2014

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beschreibt ein neues Verfahren zum Entwurf von
Riccatiregelungen für lineare, zeitvariante Deskriptorsysteme. Zur
Anwendung des Verfahrens ist lediglich die Regularität des zu
regelnden Deskriptorsystems notwendig, weshalb keine weiteren
Einschränkungen bezüglich Index oder Properheit des
Deskriptorsystems angenommen werden müssen. Darüber hinaus wird
gezeigt, dass eine optimale Lösung der
Matrix-Riccatidifferentialgleichung immer existiert und das
geregelte Deskriptorsystem stets regulär und proper ist. Zur
Anwendung kommen lineare, zeitvariante Deskriptorsysteme in vielen
Fällen bei der Linearisierung nichtlinearer Deskriptorsysteme
entlang von Trajektorien, weshalb dieser Fall eingehend behandelt
und speziell dafür ein alternativer Entwurfsweg angegeben
wird. Die exemplarische Darstellung der Ergebnisse erfolgt zuerst
in der Simulation einer Verladebrücke sowie anschließend an einem
realen Prüfstand eines Parallelroboters.
First record of the invasive red alga Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) on the Patagonian shores of the Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Raffo María P. , Geoffroy Alexandre , Destombe Christophe , Schwindt Evangelina 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Seaweed invasions are recognized as one of the major threats to biological diversity and coastal resources. Nevertheless, the number of introduced macroalgae has been underestimated due to the increasing number of cryptic invasions. Polysiphonia morrowii is native to the North Pacific and several cryptic introductions of this species have been reported over the past decade. In this study, we recorded the presence of the invasive P. morrowii in the Southwestern Atlantic (Patagonia Argentina) using a morphological and molecular approach for the identification at species level. Polysiphonia morrowii specimens from Argentina showed no morphological differences from members of invasive populations in France. We found two different haplotypes, suggesting that P. morrowii was probably introduced into this area by multiple introduction events. The increasing number of shipping and aquaculture activities worldwide and the ability of this species to be a successful invader suggest that P. morrowii is likely to be a cosmopolitan invasive species and that further management planning is required for its early detection and control.
Integral Semantics and Conceptual Metaphor: Rethinking Conceptual Metaphor Within an Integral Semantics Framework
Authors: Faur Elena 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper focuses, on the one hand, on two theoretical problems of Conceptual Metaphor Theory: namely, the cognitive status and the creative dimension of the conceptual metaphors; on the other, it aims at approaching some descriptive findings from Conceptual Metaphor Theory within the perspective of Coseriu’s semantics. Over the past years, the universalist claim of pre-linguistic embodiment via image schemas has been subject to much criticism. Recent attempts to simply situate conceptual metaphors within a social and cultural context did not bring the expected results. Therefore, the need for a radical breakthrough from the old conceptual and theoretical framework of Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory became urgent. The reconstruction of cognitive science on phenomenological and hermeneutical bases is on the way to being pursued within the rising of the third generation of cognitive science. It will certainly represent a major advance for bridging the gap between cognitive science and other traditions of research, such as integral semantics.
From Cognitive Linguistics to Social Science: Thirty Years after Metaphors We Live By
Authors: Leezenberg Michiel 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In the thirty years since the appearance of Metaphors We Live By, cognitive linguistics has developed into a flourishing autonomous branch of inquiry. Interdisciplinary contacts, however, have largely been restricted to literary studies and the cognitive sciences and hardly extended towards the social sciences. This is the more surprising as, in 1970s anthropology, metaphor was seen as a key notion for the study of symbolism more generally. This contribution explores the cognitive linguistic view of social and cultural factors. Lakoff and Johnson appear ambivalent regarding the relation between culture and cognition; but they share the belief, elaborated in detail by Gibbs and Turner (2002), that cultural factors can be accounted for in terms of cognitive processes. This view runs into both methodological and philosophical difficulties. Methodologically, it assumes that cultural factors can be reduced to cognitive processes; philosophically, it boils down to a Cartesian emphasis on inner experience explaining outer phenomena. There are substantial anti-Cartesian strains both in contemporary philosophy and in a major current of Eighteenth- Century philosophy. The latter, in particular, emphasized the importance of embodiment and metaphor in cognition. As an alternative, I will sketch a more consistently semiotic- and practice-oriented approach that proceeds from linguistic practices to cognitive processes rather than the other way around. It takes practices as irreducibly public and normative; on this approach, so-called linguistic ideologies (Silverstein 1979) play a constitutive role in both linguistic practice and language structure. This alternative builds on recent developments in linguistic anthropology and the work of Peirce and Bakhtin. It suggests a different look at the relation between cognition, language, and social practice from that suggested in cognitive linguistics.
CMT and the 'Work' of Metaphor
Authors: Pawelec Andrzej 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
I propose to show that, in their Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), Lakoff and his collaborators do not offer a new account of metaphor but rather a wide-ranging representation of analogies, reconstructed on the basis of selected linguistic material (primarily collocations and idioms). Consequently, CMT is valuable not as an explanation of metaphorical language in use, nor a hypothesis about the genesis and development of concepts in individual minds, but primarily as a way to represent the results of unexplored social processes of lexicalization involving metaphor. If one adopts a more 'ecological', situated perspective, this global, post hoc approach may perhaps provide useful material to speculate on the forces that drive meaning extension in history.
Deliberate Metaphor Affords Conscious Metaphorical Cognition
Authors: Steen Gerard 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Contrary to what is assumed in Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), the conceptual power of metaphor may not lie in its widespread unconscious use but in its more limited and targeted deliberate use, which may or may not give rise to conscious metaphorical cognition. Deliberate and conscious metaphorical thought is connected to the general functions of all conscious thought as described by Baumeister and Masicampo (2010). Their theory provides a basis for demonstrating how deliberate and conscious metaphorical cognition facilitate social and cultural interactions, by reconsidering Musolff’s (2004) analysis of metaphor in political discourse on European integration. The paper concludes by formulating some implications of CMT’s neglect of conscious metaphor and of deliberate metaphor more generally. If the power of metaphor lies in thought, as has been held by CMT for thirty years, it may be that conscious rather than unconscious cognition - or, more generally, deliberate rather than non-deliberate metaphor use - enables that power. Given the relative infrequency of deliberate and conscious metaphor use, this, in turn, may entail that the online effect of metaphor is more restricted than has been assumed over the past three decades.
A Re-examination of UNDERSTANDING IS SEEING
Authors: Deignan Alice , Cameron Lynne 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Cognitive metaphor theorists have identified a number of mappings that, it has been claimed, are both central to thinking and productive of linguistic metaphors. One of these is UNDERSTANDING IS SEEING. In this article, we re-examine UNDERSTANDING IS SEEING using two sources of naturally occurring data. Our first source is the Oxford English Corpus: a two-billion-word corpus of authentic contemporary English texts, from which we extracted a 1,000-citation concordance of the lemma SEE. We analyzed this into major sense groups and identified the most frequent lexico-grammatical patterns. Our second source of data is transcribed spoken English from focus-group discussions. We analyzed this dataset, using detailed discourse analysis, to identify the meanings of SEE and its most frequent phraseologies. Both analyses lead us to conclude that SEE is, indeed, used to talk about understanding, as claimed by Conceptual Metaphor theorists, but that the metaphor usually describes difficulties with understanding another speaker’s point of view or, more generally, the process of reaching an understanding: that is, it is used to talk about understanding or not understanding as processes, not states. Our findings are consistent with the construal of language and thought as a dynamic system.
The Role of Metaphor in the Structuring of Emotion Concepts
Authors: Sauciuc Gabriela-Alina 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) is one of the most prolific frameworks in the study of emotion concepts. Following the seminal work of Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and subsequent work by Kövecses (1986, 1990) and Kövecses and Lakoff (1987), an impressive number of studies in cognitive linguistics and psycholinguistics have sought to document and confirm the claim that conceptual metaphor (CM) structures affective concepts. I attempt a brief overview of CMT claims about and CMT-inspired research on emotion concepts. I continue by presenting a study based on data collected in six languages, to assess the role of CM in the structuring of emotion concepts. I introduce the procedure, the corpus, and the analyses that have been carried out, including a detailed discussion of the considerations that informed the coding decisions applied to the corpus in a tentative quantitative analysis. Finally, I highlight a series of difficulties and controversies raised by CMT-driven analysis of emotion concepts that could be employed in hypothesis-driven experiments to test conceptual processing claims made within CMT.
An Inquest into Metaphor Death: Exploring the Loss of Literal Senses of Conceptual Metaphors
Authors: Allan Kathryn 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In Metaphors We Live By, Lakoff and Johnson famously recast the notion of ‘dead’ metaphor. Rather than accepting conventionality as a criterion for ‘deadness’, they argued that only metaphors which ‘play no particularly interesting role in our conceptual system, and hence are not metaphors we live by... deserve to be called “dead”’ (1980: 55). In later work, Lakoff revisited this definition, suggesting that ‘dead’ was most accurately reserved for cases such as pedigree, a ‘one-shot’ metaphor that is not transparent for English speakers because no ‘literal’ sense exists. This paper examines a number of ‘dead’ or ‘historical’ linguistic metaphors for which no ‘literal’ sense exists in present day English, and considers how and why these ‘died’. Some, like pedigree, do not appear to reflect any system-wide mapping, and it is perhaps unsurprising that their metaphoric nature has become opaque. Others, like ardent and comprehend, demonstrate conceptual mappings that must have been active when their metaphorical senses first emerged, and which are still live in other lexemes. To date, there has been little interrogation of the reasons for the loss of literal senses of metaphorically motivated lexemes. I hope to demonstrate that an examination of the historical evidence for the different stages in the ‘life’ of particular linguistic metaphors can shed light on the nature of metaphor death.
Conceptual Metaphor Theory in Light of Research on Speakers’ Gestures
Authors: Cienki Alan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Research on speakers’ gestures1 supports the basic idea that metaphor is not just a matter of words but a means of thinking of and experiencing, through manual activity, one domain in terms of another. However, gestures as data also raise several theoretical and methodological questions for conceptual metaphor theory, given their dynamic nature, the variability of tiieir symbolic status, and the varying degrees to which speakers are even aware of producing them. The closer examination of these graded qualities that comes with gesture analysis leads to new insights into metaphoricity itself.
On Metaphor and Blending
Authors: Fauconnier Gilles , Lakoff George 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
There is a mistaken perception that ‘metaphor theory’ and ‘conceptual blending’ are competing views, and that there is some argument between us over this. The real situation is this: We have been good friends and colleagues for over forty years, and we remain so. We fully respect, and make use of, each other’s work. We are both scientists, who do both empirical research and theorizing. We see the research programs developed for metaphor and blending as mutually reinforcing and often deeply intertwined, rather than at odds with each other. So why do some see discord where we find remarkable convergence? The short answer is that over the years, we focused on what we were most interested in, with corresponding differences of emphasis and interpretation. To explain how all this unfolded, and dispel the view that pits metaphor against blending, we need to go over the basic developments over time in the study of conceptual metaphor and blends, and then do a comparison.
Polypyrrole microcontainer structures and doughnuts designed by electrochemical oxidation: an electrochemical and scanning electron microscopy study
Authors: Páramo-Garcia Ulises , Avalos-Perez Angelica , Guzman-Pantoja Javier , Díaz-Zavala Nancy Patricia , Melo-Banda Jose Aaron , Gallardo-Rivas Nohra Violeta , Reyes-Gómez Juan , Pozas-Zepeda Dario , Ibanez Jorge G. , Batina Nikola 
Published: January 2014

AbstractScanning electron microscopy (SEM) is employed to monitor the surface morphology of polypyrrole films (PPy) grown on different working electrodes (i.e., vitreous carbon and Au (111)) under diverse experimental conditions (i.e., dynamic vs. static potential protocols) and anion dopants (i.e., I-and F-). The morphology of the electrosynthesized films includes rings (doughnuts) and microcontainers, and depends on the synthesis parameters such as the electropolymerization method, the nature of the substrate, the anion dopant, and the sequence of sandwich composite growth. The formation of well-defined rings and microcontainers is attributed to overoxidation occurring during the formation of F--doped PPy. It is possible to design microcontainers by controlling the overoxidation and degradation of the polymer surface.