bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER STRESS SITUATIONS IN THE YELLOW RIVER BASIN, CHINA
Authors: Mu Jianxin , Liu Qunchang , Gabriel Hamza Farooq , Xu Di , Xu Jingdong , Wu Caili , Ren Hejing 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper used a back‐propagation (BP) neural network to conduct statistical downscaling based on the data (two factors: precipitation and temperature) downscaled by the National Climate Centre of China from over 20 global circulation models (GCMs) and input these downscaled data into the Basin‐wide Holistic Integrated Water Assessment (BHIWA) model to analyse irrigation water demand as well as water stress situations in both water quantity and quality in the Yellow River Basin, China. The results of the changes in climate in scenarios A1B, A2 and B1/B2 showed that irrigation water demand will increase and the water situation will become more stressed in 2030 and 2050, though there is still some increase in precipitation in most of the sub‐basins in these scenarios. Meanwhile, with the same variation range of precipitation and ET0, ET0 will have a bigger impact on irrigation water demand and water stress situations than precipitation, This implies that ET0 is a more dominant factor influencing water demand and water stress situations than other meteorological parameters such as precipitation. In addition to this, groundwater quality is more vulnerable to climate change than surface water quality and better water management will result in a decrease in irrigation water demand. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Site‐selective immobilization of anti‐CD34 antibodies to poly(l‐lactide) for endovascular implant surfaces
Authors: Petersen Svea , Strohbach Anne , Busch Raila , Felix Stephan B. , Schmitz Klaus‐Peter , Sternberg Katrin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAiming at a speed up of the re‐endothelialization process of biodegradable endovascular implants, novel approaches for the functionalization of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) with anti‐CD34 antibodies were established. We propose a three‐step process involving PLLA surface activation with functional amino groups, attachment of a protein repelling peptide spacer, and covalent random or site‐selective immobilization of the antibodies. Obtainable antibody surface densities and antigen binding capacities were thoroughly evaluated by means of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results indicate that a lower amount of anchoring sites on the antibody favors high coupling efficiency, while localization of the anchoring sites, facing the antigen binding moiety, strongly enhances the antigen capture capacity of the support. Besides minimization of physisorption and cell adhesion exemplarily shown with bovine serum albumin, avidin, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, respectively, the inclusion of the protein‐repelling spacer strengthened this effect, yielding antigen capture capacities exceeding values so far reported in literature. In contrast, the number of amino groups on the PLLA surfaces, which is indeed highly dependent on the applied activation procedure, does not seem to influence antibody coupling efficiency and antigen capture capacity considerably. This allows the choice of surface activation treatment, plasma or wet‐chemical, regarding other processing parameters as for instance sterilizability or favored modification depth. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 345–355, 2014.
Effect of a β‐TCP collagen composite bone substitute on healing of drilled bone voids in the distal femoral condyle of rabbits
Authors: Zheng Hellen , Bai Yajun , Shih Mei‐Shu , Hoffmann Christiane , Peters Fabian , Waldner Christoph , Hübner Wolf‐Dietrich 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this study, we tested the performance and biocompatibility of a composite of β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) to collagen as a bone void filler (Cerasorb® Ortho Foam) in a rabbit distal femoral condyle model. β‐TCP is a completely resorbable synthetic calcium phosphate and the addition of a collagen matrix couples the osteoconductive effects of the two components. Furthermore, the malleable properties of the implant material during surgical applications for shape control will be enhanced. A critical size defect of 6 mm in diameter and 10 mm in depth was drilled into each distal femur of the rabbits. One hole was filled with the test substance and the other was left empty for control. After 1, 3, and 6 months the animals were killed and the degree of bone healing analyzed. In total, 18 animals were investigated. When the β‐TCP composite was used, histological, histomorphometric, and biomechanical evaluations revealed significantly better bone healing in terms of quantity and quality of the newly formed bone. Moreover, no signs of inflammation were observed in the animals and no allergic or foreign body reaction was noted. This suggests high biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of the investigated material to a bone void in an immune responsive species. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 376–383, 2014.
Potential Role of Voltage‐Sensing Phosphatases in Regulation of Cell Structure Through the Production of PI(3,4)P2
Authors: Yamaguchi Shinji , Kurokawa Tatsuki , Taira Ikuko , Aoki Naoya , Sakata Souhei , Okamura Yasushi , Homma Koichi J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractVoltage‐sensing phosphatase, VSP, consists of the transmembrane domain, operating as the voltage sensor, and the cytoplasmic domain with phosphoinositide‐phosphatase activities. The voltage sensor tightly couples with the cytoplasmic phosphatase and membrane depolarization induces dephosphorylation of several species of phosphoinositides. VSP gene is conserved from urochordate to human. There are some diversities among VSP ortholog proteins; range of voltage of voltage sensor motions as well as substrate selectivity. In contrast with recent understandings of biophysical mechanisms of VSPs, little is known about its physiological roles. Here we report that chick ortholog of VSP (designated as Gg‐VSP) induces morphological feature of cell process outgrowths with round cell body in DF‐1 fibroblasts upon its forced expression. Expression of the voltage sensor mutant, Gg‐VSPR153Q with shifted voltage dependence to a lower voltage led to more frequent changes of cell morphology than the wild‐type protein. Coexpression of PTEN that dephosphorylates PI(3,4)P2 suppressed this effect by Gg‐VSP, indicating that the increase of PI(3,4)P2 leads to changes of cell shape. In addition, visualization of PI(3,4)P2 with the fluorescent protein fused with the TAPP1‐derived pleckstrin homology (PH) domain suggested that Gg‐VSP influenced the distribution of PI(3,4)P2. These findings raise a possibility that one of the VSP's functions could be to regulate cell morphology through voltage‐sensitive tuning of phosphoinositide profile. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 422–433, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unbound fraction of vancomycin in intensive care unit patients
Authors: Kees Martin G. , Wicha Sebastian G. , Seefeld Astrid , Kees Frieder , Kloft Charlotte 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPublished data on the unbound fraction of vancomycin in patient samples exhibit high variability. In the present study, a robust ultrafiltration method was developed and applied to 102 clinical samples from 22 intensive care unit patients who were treated with continuous infusion of vancomycin. A validated HPLC method was used for determination of total and unbound concentrations. The mean unbound fraction was 67.2% (standard deviation 7.5%, range 47.2–92.1%) and independent of total concentration of vancomycin or of albumin. The unbound fraction was significantly correlated (r = +0.67, P = .0009) with the renally filtered fraction (drug clearance/creatinine clearance), providing functional evidence for the validity of the measurements. Ultrafiltration proved to be susceptible to variations in the experimental conditions such as pH, temperature and centrifugal force. The measured unbound fraction increased from 60% at pH 6 to 100% at pH 9, from 57% at 4°C to 80% at 37°C, and was 76% at 1,000 g compared with 45% at 10,000 g. Lack of standardization may therefore partly explain the variable results reported in the literature.
Action of the insect growth regulator fluazuron, the active ingredient of the acaricide Acatak®, inRhipicephalus sanguineusnymphs (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Calligaris Izabela Braggião , De Oliveira Patricia Rosa , Roma Gislaine Cristina , Bechara Gervásio Henrique , Camargo‐Mathias Maria Izabel 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study evaluated the efficacy of fluazuron (active ingredient of the acaricide Acatak®) and its effects onRhipicephalus sanguineusnymphs fed on rabbits exposed to different doses of this insect growth regulator. Three different doses of fluazuron (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg) were applied on the back of hosts (via “pour on”), while distilled water was applied to the Control group. On the first day of treatment with fluazuron (24 h), hosts were artificially infested withR. sanguineusnymphs. Once fully engorged, nymphs were removed and placed in identified Petri dishes in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) incubator for 7 days. After this period, engorged nymphs were processed for ultramorphological analysis. The results revealed alterations in the ultramorphology of many chitinous structures (smaller hypostome and chelicerae, less sclerotized scutum, fewer sensilla, fewer pores, absence of grooves, marginal and cervical strips and festoons in the body, even the anal plaque was damaged) that play essential roles for the survivor of ticks and that can compromise the total or partial development of nymphs and emergence of adults after periodic molting. Our findings confirm the efficacy of fluazuron, a more specific and less aggressive chemical to the environment and human health, and that does not induce resistance, in nymphs of the tickR. sanguineusin artificially infested rabbits treated with this arthropod growth regulator (AGR), indicating that it could be used in the control of this stage of the biological cycle of the tickR. sanguineus.Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:1177–1185, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mars ionospheric response to solar wind variability
Authors: Opgenoorth H. J. , Andrews D. J. , Fränz M. , Lester M. , Edberg N. J. T. , Morgan D. , Duru F. , Witasse O. , Williams A. O. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAt planets with induced magnetospheres, the coupling between the ionosphere, the weak draped magnetosphere, and the solar wind is very direct in comparison to Earth. The weak induced magnetosphere itself is created by the prevailing Solar wind conditions and therefore in its shape and strength dynamically depending on it. In early 2010, Mars was located behind Earth in the Solar wind; thus, we can use coordinated data from multiple near‐Earth spacecraft (Stereo, Wind) to evaluate what kind of Solar wind disturbances have passed by Earth and might consecutively hit Mars, and when. We employ plasma data from the ESA Mars‐Express mission, the ASPERA‐3 particle instrument, and the MARSIS Active Ionospheric Sounder (AIS) to investigate, for a number of isolated events in March and April 2010, how the ionosphere and the induced magnetosphere at Mars develop and decay in response to Solar wind variability in the magnetic field, density, and velocity. In a dedicated campaign mode, we use frequent long‐duration MARSIS AIS operations for several consecutive orbits, to monitor for the first time the long‐term development of the Martian plasma environment during solar wind disturbances. We find that the magnetosphere and ionosphere of Mars can become considerably compressed by solar wind dynamic pressure variations, which usually are also associated with changes in the magnetic draping of the interplanetary magnetic field around the planet. These are typically associated with corotating interaction regions and coronal mass ejections, and can last for several days. During such episodes of compression, we see signatures of increased plasma transport over the terminator and enhanced ion outflow from the upper atmosphere.
Two different types of plasmoids in the plasma sheet: Cluster multisatellite analysis application
Authors: Zhang Y. C. , Shen C. , Liu Z. X. , Rong Z. J. , Zhang T. L. , Marchaudon A. , Zhang H. , Duan S. P. , Ma Y. H. , Dunlop M. W. , Yang Y. Y. , Carr C. M. , Dandouras I. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe fine magnetic field structure of two successive plasmoids previously reported is investigated by magnetic rotation analysis using four Cluster satellite data. Between these two plasmoids, opposite trends of curvature radius (Rc) variations of the magnetic field lines from the boundary to the inner part are found. The different variations of Rc reflect that the two plasmoids have different magnetic configurations. The electric current density distributions for both plasmoids are found distinct. The By increase and abundant field‐aligned currents in the narrow core region of the first plasmoid indicate that a possible magnetic flux rope (MFR) core exists inside. The results indicate that the first observed plasmoid is of a magnetic loop (ML) type (with possible MFR core) and the second plasmoid is of a magnetic flux rope (MFR) type. The coexistence of ML and MFR in the near‐Earth plasma sheet may imply that multiple X line reconnection can occur by either an antiparallel or a component‐parallel way.
Impacts of microphysical scheme on convective and stratiform characteristics in two high precipitation squall line events
Authors: Wu Di , Dong Xiquan , Xi Baike , Feng Zhe , Kennedy Aaron , Mullendore Gretchen , Gilmore Matthew , Tao Wei‐Kuo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of snow, graupel, and hail processes on simulated squall lines over the Southern Great Plains in the United States. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used to simulate two squall line events in Oklahoma during May 2007, and the simulations are validated against radar and surface observations. Several microphysics schemes are tested in this study, including the WRF 5‐Class Microphysics (WSM5), WRF 6‐Class Microphysics (WSM6), Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) Three Ice (3‐ice) with graupel, Goddard Two Ice (2‐ice), and Goddard 3‐ice hail schemes. Simulated surface precipitation is sensitive to the microphysics scheme when the graupel or hail categories are included. All of the 3‐ice schemes overestimate the total precipitation with WSM6 having the largest bias. The 2‐ice schemes, without a graupel/hail category, produce less total precipitation than the 3‐ice schemes. By applying a radar‐based convective/stratiform partitioning algorithm, we find that including graupel/hail processes increases the convective areal coverage, precipitation intensity, updraft, and downdraft intensities, and reduces the stratiform areal coverage and precipitation intensity. For vertical structures, simulations have higher reflectivity values distributed aloft than the observed values in both the convective and stratiform regions. Three‐ice schemes produce more high reflectivity values in convective regions, while 2‐ice schemes produce more high reflectivity values in stratiform regions. In addition, this study has demonstrated that the radar‐based convective/stratiform partitioning algorithm can reasonably identify WRF‐simulated precipitation, wind, and microphysical fields in both convective and stratiform regions.
Carbon monoxide (CO) vertical profiles derived from joined TES and MLS measurements
Authors: Luo Ming , Read William , Kulawik Susan , Worden John , Livesey Nathaniel , Bowman Kevin , Herman Robert 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTES (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer) nadir and MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) limb measurements from the Aura satellite are used to jointly estimate an atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) profile with extended vertical range compared to profiles retrieved from the individual measurement. We describe the algorithms, the processing procedures, the prototyping results, and the evaluations for this new joint product. TES and MLS “stand‐alone” CO profile retrievals are largely complementary, with TES being largely sensitive to lower to middle troposphere while MLS measures CO in the upper troposphere and above. We pair TES nadir and MLS limb tangent locations within 6–8 min and within 220 km. The paired radiance measurements of the two instruments in each location are optimally combined to retrieve a single CO profile along with other trace gases whose signal interferes with that from CO. This combined CO profile has a vertical resolution and vertical range that is an improvement over the two stand‐alone products, especially in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. For example, the degrees of freedom for signal (DOFS) between surface and 50 hPa for TES alone are < 2, and for the combined CO profiles are 2–4. This new Aura CO product will be made available to the public using TES V005 and MLS V003 processing results and will provide a unique data set for studying tropospheric transport of air pollutants and troposphere‐stratospheric exchange processes.
Effects of a semienclosed ocean on extratropical cyclogenesis: The dynamical processes around the Japan Sea on 23–25 January 2008
Authors: Yamamoto Masaru 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBased on a case study of an extratropical cyclone that developed rapidly near Japan on 23−25 January 2008, this paper proposes a new type of atmospheric response to a surface warming/cooling anomaly in the semienclosed Japan Sea, which is approximately half a synoptic‐scale baroclinic wavelength in size. The thermal effects of the Japan Sea during early cyclogenesis spread to the upper levels via an upward wind, when the trough of the baroclinic wave is located west of the Japan Sea. In the case of a relatively cold Japan Sea, the lower level air temperature decreases over the sea, and the baroclinic wave becomes weak around Japan in the early stage. As the cyclone progressively develops and travels east, the positive and negative geopotential height anomalies induced by the sea surface cooling increase over time in the lower level trough and the upper level ridge outside the Japan Sea, respectively. The temperature anomaly spreads to upper levels through the development of a warm conveyer belt. As the cyclone becomes fully developed, a geopotential height anomaly pattern similar to the west Pacific teleconnection forms as a result of the S‐shaped trough‐ridge structure in the middle and upper troposphere. The cooling/warming effect of the sea influences surface heat fluxes and precipitation in the Pacific region outside the Japan Sea via a synoptic‐scale atmospheric bridge caused by the traveling and developing cyclone and cold air outbreak.
Expression of metastasis suppressor BRMS1 in breast cancer cells results in a marked delay in cellular adhesion to matrix
Authors: Khotskaya Yekaterina B. , Beck Benjamin H. , Hurst Douglas R. , Han Zhenbo , Xia Weiya , Hung Mien‐Chie , Welch Danny R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMetastatic dissemination is a multi‐step process that depends on cancer cells' ability to respond to microenvironmental cues by adapting adhesion abilities and undergoing cytoskeletal rearrangement. Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor 1 (BRMS1) affects several steps of the metastatic cascade: it decreases survival in circulation, increases susceptibility to anoikis, and reduces capacity to colonize secondary organs. In this report, BRMS1 expression is shown to not significantly alter expression levels of integrin monomers, while time‐lapse and confocal microscopy revealed that BRMS1‐expressing cells exhibited reduced activation of both β1 integrin and focal adhesion kinase, and decreased localization of these molecules to sites of focal adhesions. Short‐term plating of BRMS1‐expressing cells onto collagen or fibronectin markedly decreased cytoskeletal reorganization and formation of cellular adhesion projections. Under 3D culture conditions, BRMS1‐expressing cells remained rounded and failed to reorganize their cytoskeleton and form invasive colonies. Taken together, BRMS1‐expressing breast cancer cells are greatly attenuated in their ability to respond to microenvironment changes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activation of AKT signaling promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and tumor growth in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Suman Suman , Kurisetty Vittal , Das Trinath P. , Vadodkar Aditi , Ramos Gabriel , Lakshmanaswamy Rajkumar , Damodaran Chendil 
Published: September 2013

AbstractActivation of the serine–threonine protein kinase AKT has emerged as a central feature of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is the initial step for metastasis in many cancer models, including colorectal cancer. The focus of our study was to dissect the role of AKT and its molecular regulation of EMT in colorectal cancer. HCT‐116 colorectal cancer cells stably overexpressing AKT (AKT/HCT‐116) showed significantly higher cell proliferation compared with vector‐transfected cells (pCMV/HCT‐116). Elevated expression of important EMT‐related transcription factors and genes such as Snail, Slug, β‐catenin, vimentin, and MMP‐9 correlated with increased migration and invasion by AKT/HCT‐116 cells. Further, in vivo studies confirmed that AKT/HCT‐116 xenografts were highly aggressive and angiogenic in nature compared with pCMV/HCT‐116 xenografts. Molecular analysis of tumor samples revealed transcriptional regulation of Snail, Slug, β‐catenin, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 in AKT/HCT‐116 tumors. These results were supported by immunohistochemistry analysis. Low levels of E‐cadherin expression with a concomitant increase in and nuclear localization of β‐catenin were evident in AKT/HCT‐116 tumors compared with control tumors. Increased microvessel formation coincident with high expression of Factor VIII and increased numbers of reticulocytes confirmed the angiogenic property of AKT/HCT‐116 tumors. Our results confirm the potential role of AKT signaling in regulating EMT and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer and suggest that inhibition of AKT can serve as an important therapeutic strategy in modulating EMT in colorectal cancer growth and metastasis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.