bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1H‐Observe 1H2H Dipolar Recoupling by REDOR and Rotary Resonance Recoupling
Authors: Karki Ichhuk , Mihaliuk Eugene , Gullion Terry 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe measurement of heteronuclear dipolar couplings by solid‐state NMR is an important tool for determining structures in solids. 1H‐observe 1H2H REDOR and rotary resonance recoupling experiments with fast magic‐angle spinning are presented. These dipolar recoupling experiments show promise for measuring heteronuclear dipolar couplings with 1H nuclei. Potential limitations of the experiments include short transverse relaxation times of the 1H magnetization and BlochSiegert effects.
Two-Year Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Vertebroplasty for Acute Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures
Authors: Kroon Féline , Staples Margaret , Ebeling Peter R , Wark John D , Osborne Richard H , Mitchell Peter J , Wriedt Chris HR , Buchbinder Rachelle 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

We previously reported the results of a randomized controlled trial that found no benefit of vertebroplasty over a sham procedure for acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures up to 6 months. We report here the 12-month and 24-month clinical outcomes of this trial. Eligible participants (n = 78) were randomly assigned to receive either vertebroplasty (n = 38) or a sham procedure (n = 40). Randomization was stratified by treatment center, sex, and symptom duration (&lt;6 weeks or ≥6 weeks). Participants, investigators (except the treating radiologists), and outcome assessors were blinded to group assignments. Enrolment occurred between April 2004 and October 2008 with follow-up completed October 2010. The primary outcome was overall pain measured on a scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal imaginable pain). Secondary outcomes included pain at rest and at night, disability, quality of life, perceived recovery, and adverse events, including incident clinically apparent vertebral fractures. At 12 and 24 months, complete data were available for 67 (86%) and 57 (73%) participants, respectively. At 12 months participants in the active group improved by 2.4 ± 2.7 (mean ± SD) units in overall pain compared with 1.9 ± 2.8 units in the sham group, adjusted between-group mean difference (MD) 0.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.9 to 1.5), whereas at 24 months participants in the active group had improved by 3.0 ± 3.1 units compared with 1.9 ± 3.0 units in the sham group, MD 1.1 (95% CI, –0.3 to 2.4). No significant between-group differences were observed for any of the secondary efficacy outcomes at 12 or 24 months. There were no between-group differences in incident clinical vertebral fractures up to 24 months (active: n = 14, sham: n = 13), although the study had inadequate power for this outcome. These results provide further evidence that the use of this treatment in routine care is unsupported. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Safety of elective colorectal cancer surgery: Non‐surgical complications and colectomies are targets for quality improvement
Authors: Henneman Daniel , ten Berge Martijn G. , Snijders Heleen S. , van Leersum Nicoline J. , Fiocco Marta , Wiggers Theo , Tollenaar Rob A.E.M. , Wouters Michel W.J.M. ,   on behalf of the Dutch Surgical Colorectal Audit Group
Published: December 2013

BackgroundMortality following severe complications (failure‐to‐rescue, FTR) is targeted in surgical quality improvement projects. Rates may differ between colon‐ and rectal cancer resections.MethodsAnalysis of patients undergoing elective colon and rectal cancer resections registered in the Dutch Surgical Colorectal Audit in 2011–2012. Severe complication‐ and FTR rates were compared between the groups in univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsColon cancer (CC) patients (n = 10,184) were older and had more comorbidity. Rectal cancer (RC) patients (n = 4,906) less often received an anastomosis and had more diverting stomas. Complication rates were higher in RC patients (24.8% vs. 18.3%, P < 0.001). However, FTR rates were higher in CC patients (18.6% vs. 9.4%, P < 0.001). Particularly, FTR associated with anastomotic leakage, postoperative bleeding, and infections was higher in CC patients. Adjusted for casemix, CC patients had a twofold risk of FTR compared to RC patients (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.06–3.37).ConclusionsSevere complication rates were lower in CC patients than in RC patients; however, the risk of dying following a severe complication was twice as high in CC patients, regardless of differences in characteristics between the groups. Efforts should be made to improve recognition and management of postoperative (non‐)surgical complications, especially in colon cancer surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:567–573. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Socioeconomic disparities in the presentation of acute bacterial sinusitis complications in children
Authors: Sedaghat Ahmad R. , Wilke Claus O. , Cunningham Michael J. , Ishman Stacey L. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo identify characteristics and disparities associated with presentation of pediatric acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS) complications.Study DesignA cross‐sectional study of the 2008 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample database.MethodsA total of 101,660 children 18 years of age or younger diagnosed with ABS, 696 of whom had orbital or intracranial complications, were identified. Patient and hospital‐specific characteristics were investigated for association with childhood ABS complications.ResultsOrbital and intracranial complications occurred in 0.7% of children with ABS. Such complications were more common in boys (odds ratio [OR]: 1.65, P < .001) and children with chronic rhinosinusitis (OR: 7.89, P < .001), and were associated with presentation to metropolitan teaching (OR: 2.15, P < .001) and nonteaching (OR: 14.39, P< .001) hospitals. Orbital complications were associated with younger age (OR: 0.96, P < .001), whereas intracranial complications were associated with older age (OR: 1.11, P < .001). A dichotomy in socioeconomic background differentiated children with orbital ABS complications from those with intracranial complications. Although orbital complications were associated with higher income (OR: 2.13, P < .001) and private insurance (OR: 1.36, P = .003), intracranial complications were associated with Medicaid (OR: 2.96, P < .001) or no insurance at all (OR: 3.73, P = .001).ConclusionsSocioeconomic disparities exist in presentation of ABS complications in children. Although hinted at by the association with urban/metropolitan hospitals, explicit evidence is provided by association of intracranial complications with markers of low socioeconomic status and poor access to healthcare. Efforts to aid early diagnosis and treatment should target providers in metropolitan areas who treat children of lower socioeconomic status. Such interventions will ideally improve outcomes and limit healthcare costs related to the high morbidity of pediatric ABS complications.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 124:1700–1706, 2014
Medical management of chronic rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis: A systematic review
Authors: Liang Jonathan , Higgins Thomas , Ishman Stacey L. , Boss Emily F. , Benke James R. , Lin Sandra Y. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo systematically review existing literature on the effectiveness of medical management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.Study DesignSystematic review.MethodsWe performed a literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL from 1987 to 2012. Inclusion criteria included English language as containing original data, with five or more subjects, measurable clinical outcomes, and readily available interventions. Data were systematically collected on study design, patient demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes, and level of evidence. Two investigators independently reviewed all manuscripts and performed a comprehensive quality assessment.ResultsOf 415 abstracts identified, 12 articles were included. These 12 studies reported on 701 adult and pediatric CF patients who underwent medical therapy. Medical treatment included antibiotics (4/12), topical steroids (4/12), dornase alfa (3/12), and ibuprofen (1/12). Outcome measures included symptom scores (7/12), endoscopic findings (7/12), radiographic findings (4/12), pulmonary function testing (4/12), and rhinomanometry (2/12). Most studies found improvement in at least one of the outcome measures. There was statistical significance in clinical outcomes with dornase alfa, beclomethasone, and betamethasone. Most studies were level 3 or 4 evidence (9/12), but three studies were level 1 or 2 evidence (two dornase alfa studies, one betamethasone study).ConclusionsDornase alfa and, to a lesser extent, topical steroids demonstrated significant benefits in the medical treatment CRS in CF. There was a lack of evidence to support antibiotic therapy in the outcomes assessed. Further high‐quality studies should be carried out to determine the efficacy of various medical therapies for CRS in CF.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 124:1308–1313, 2014
Enhanced clinical outcome with manual massage following cryolipolysis treatment: A 4‐month study of safety and efficacy
Authors: Boey Gerald E. , Wasilenchuk Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2013

Background and ObjectivesCryolipolysis procedures have been shown to safely and effectively reduce the thickness of fat in a treated region. This study was conducted to determine whether the addition of post‐treatment manual massage would improve efficacy while maintaining the safety profile of the original cryolipolysis treatment protocol.Materials and MethodsThe study population consisted of an efficacy group (n = 10) and a safety group (n = 7). Study subjects were treated on each side of the lower abdomen with a Cooling Intensity Factor of 42 (−72.9 mW/cm2) for 60 minutes. One side of the abdomen was massaged post‐treatment and the other side served as the control. Immediately post‐treatment, the massage side was treated for 1 minute using a vigorous kneading motion followed by 1 minute of circular massage using the pads of the fingers. For the efficacy group, photos and ultrasound measurements were taken at baseline, 2 months, and 4 months post‐treatment. For the safety group, histological analysis was completed at 0, 3, 8, 14, 30, 60, and 120 days post‐treatment to examine the effects of massage on subcutaneous tissue over time.ResultsPost‐treatment manual massage resulted in a consistent and discernible increase in efficacy over the non‐massaged side. At 2 months post‐treatment, mean fat layer reduction was 68% greater in the massage side than in the non‐massage side as measured by ultrasound. By 4 months, mean fat layer reduction was 44% greater in the massage side. Histological results showed no evidence of necrosis or fibrosis resulting from the massage.ConclusionPost‐treatment manual massage is a safe and effective technique to enhance the clinical outcome from a cryolipolysis procedure. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:20–26, 2014. © 2013 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compatibility of nickel and silver‐based brazing alloys with E85 fuel blends
Authors: Dimatteo A. , Lovicu G. F. , Desanctis M. , Valentini R. , Santarelli S. , Cognetta F. 
Published: December 2013

In this study, the corrosion behavior of AISI 304 fuel rail brazed joints in presence of ethanolic E85 fuel has been evaluated. The galvanic corrosion resulting from coupling steel and copper brazing alloys has been studied as it represents a potential risk for the functionality of the fuel rail and injectors. The corrosion can lead to nozzle clogging by the increase of level of solute metallic ions or rupture of the joint itself. Tests have been carried out both on specimens simulating the brazed joints and on real fuel rail component. Static immersion tests and static filling tests in standard gasoline, E85 and modified E85 fuels have been carried out. The latter have been prepared by adding aggressive reagent, such as acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and chlorides, to the E85 fuel. Tests have been carried out at room temperature and at 60 °C.Alternative brazing materials to copper alloys (nickel‐ and silver‐based alloys) have also been tested, with the aim of comparing their corrosive resistance. From results here obtained, the nickel‐based brazing alloys, which have been tested because of their intrinsic ability to passivate, have proved to be more resistant to corrosion than copper, but only during exposure to commercial E85 and at room temperature. Silver‐based brazing alloys have shown poor resistance to corrosion and the tendency of soluted Ag ions to precipitate in presence of chloride ions.
Rod‐Like Nano‐Light Harvester
Authors: Ling Jun , Zheng Zhicheng , Köhler Anna , Müller Axel H. E. 
Published: December 2013

Imitating the natural “energy cascade” architecture, we present a single‐molecular rod‐like nano‐light harvester (NLH) based on a cylindrical polymer brush. Block copolymer side chains carrying (9,9‐diethylfluoren‐2‐yl)methyl methacrylate units as light absorbing antennae (energy donors) are tethered to a linear polymer backbone containing 9‐anthracenemethyl methacrylate units as emitting groups (energy acceptors). These NLHs exhibit very efficient energy absorption and transfer. Moreover, we manipulate the energy transfer by tuning the donor–acceptor distance.
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Comparison of sensitivity and specificity among 15 criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Breiner Ari , Brannagan Thomas H. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: There have been 15 formal sets of criteria published for the diagnosis of CIDP. No study to date has compared the sensitivity and specificity of all published criteria in the same patient population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with CIDP (n = 56) and controls with diabetic polyneuropathy (n = 37) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n = 39) who were followed in an academic neuromuscular practice. The sensitivity and specificity of each CIDP criterion was calculated, including clinical, laboratory, and electrodiagnostic components. Results: Sensitivities ranged from 1.8% to 87.5%; the Dyck (87.5%), Neuropathy Association (75%), and European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS; 73.2%) criteria ranked highest. Specificities ranged from 65.6% to 100% and, among the 3 most sensitive criteria, the EFNS (90.8%) and Neuropathy Association (82.9%) criteria were most specific. Conclusions: In our patient population, the EFNS and Neuropathy Association criteria stand out due to high sensitivity and specificity. Muscle Nerve 50: 40–46, 2014
Atypical presentation of late‐onset Tay‐sachs disease
Authors: Deik Andres , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Late‐onset Tay‐Sachs disease (LOTS) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by deficient Beta‐hexosaminidase A activity. Methods: We describe a 53‐year‐old woman who presented with adult‐onset leg weakness, and whose initial diagnosis was progressive muscular atrophy without identifiable etiology. Development of cerebellar ataxia in mid‐life prompted reassessment. Results: Beta‐hexosaminidase A quantification assay demonstrated absence of the isozyme. Genetic testing identified compound heterozygous mutations in the HEXA gene, confirming the diagnosis of LOTS. Conclusions: The phenotypic spectrum of LOTS includes motor neuronopathy, ataxia, choreoathetosis, neuropathy, and psychiatric symptoms in various combinations. This patient highlights the emergence of different clinical features over many years and emphasizes the need to consider LOTS in the differential diagnosis of progressive muscular atrophy. Muscle Nerve 49: 768–771, 2014
Can Real Time Location System Technology (RTLS) Provide Useful Estimates of Time Use by Nursing Personnel?
Authors: Jones Terry L. , Schlegel Cara 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAccurate, precise, unbiased, reliable, and cost‐effective estimates of nursing time use are needed to insure safe staffing levels. Direct observation of nurses is costly, and conventional surrogate measures have limitations. To test the potential of electronic capture of time and motion through real time location systems (RTLS), a pilot study was conducted to assess efficacy (method agreement) of RTLS time use; inter‐rater reliability of RTLS time‐use estimates; and associated costs. Method agreement was high (mean absolute difference = 28 seconds); inter‐rater reliability was high (ICC = 0.81–0.95; mean absolute difference = 2 seconds); and costs for obtaining RTLS time‐use estimates on a single nursing unit exceeded $25,000. Continued experimentation with RTLS to obtain time‐use estimates for nursing staff is warranted. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Particle simulation of granular media and homogenisation towards continuum quantities
Authors: Bidier Sami , Ehlers Wolfgang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFrom a microscopic point of view, various natural and engineering materials consist of individual grains, whose motion strongly influence the macroscopic material behaviour. Exemplarily, one may look at the development of shear zones in natural granular materials, such as sand, occurring as a result of local grain dislocations and the transition of the granulate from a denser to a looser packing. The intuitive modelling approach for granular assemblies is consequently the consideration of each grain as a rigid particle. In a numerical framework, this leads to the Discrete Element Method (DEM), wherein the motion of each particle can be obtained solving Newton's equations for each particle. The present contribution discusses the basic fundaments of modelling granular material on the microscopic scale by use of the DEM. Special interest is taken to the constitutive choice of the governing particle‐to‐particle contact forces, as they have to account for plastic material behaviour as well as for assumptions concerning particle shape, size and distribution. As engineering problems are regularly described on the macroscale by means of continuum mechanics, a homogenisation strategy transfers the information from the microscale towards continuum quantities via volume averaging. Therefore, characteristic Representative Elementary Volumes (REV) are constructed by an ensemble of particles, where each particle can be chosen as the centre of a REV. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Unsteady Flow and its Influence to Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic of VAWT's
Authors: Dumitrache Alexandru , Dumitrescu Horia , Frunzulica Florin , Bogateanu Radu 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA study is reported of the influence of unsteady flow on the aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of vertical axis wind turbines by numerical simulation. The combination of aerodynamic predictions with a discrete vortex method and aeroacoustic predictions based on Ffowcs Williams‐Hawkings equation is used to achieve this goal. The numerical results show that unsteady flow of the turbine has a significant influence on the turbine aerodynamics and can lead to a decrease in generated noise as compared to the conventional horizontal axis wind turbine at the similar aerodynamic performance. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Topology optimization methods for guided flow – comparison of optimality criteria vs. phase‐field method
Authors: Quarti Michael , Selzer Michael , Pandolfo da Veiga Arthur , Gottlieb Andreas , Bühler Karl , Kachel Gerhard , Nestler Britta 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOptimization of guided flow problems is an important task for industrial applications especially those with high Reynolds numbers. There exist several optimization methods to increase the energy efficiency of these problems. Different optimization methods are shown bei Klimetzek [1], Hinterberger [2] and Pingen [3]. In recent years the phase‐field method has been shown to be an applicable method for different kinds of topology optimization [4, 5].We present results of topology optimization methods with optimality criterion and by using a phase‐field model in the area of guided fluid flow problems. The two methods aim on the same main target reducing the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the flow domain. The first method is based on local optimality criterion, preventing the backflow in the flow domain [1, 6, 7]. The second method is based on a phase field model, which describes a minimization problem and uses a specially constructed driving force to minimize the total energy of the system [4, 5].We investigate the capabilities and limits of both methods and present examples of different resulting geometries. The initial configurations are prepared in a way that the same optimization problem is solved with both methods. We discuss these results regarding the shape of the improved flow geometry. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical Studies of Viscoelastic Flow Using the Software OpenFOAM
Authors: Guranov Iva , Ćoćić Aleksandar , Lečić Milan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractViscoelastic fluids are a special class of non‐Newtonian fluids. There are several types of viscoelastic fluid models, and all of them have a complex rheological response in comparison to Newtonian fluids. This response can be viewed as a combination of viscous and elastic effects and non‐linear phenomena. This complex physics makes a numerical simulation a rather challenging task, even in simple test‐cases. Studies presented in this paper are numerical studies of the viscoelastic fluid flow in several test cases. These studies have been done in OpenFOAM, an open‐source CFD package. Implementation of viscoelastic models and a solver is only available in a community driven version of software (OpenFOAM‐ext). One of the goals of research in this paper was to test the solver and models on some simple test cases. We considered start‐up and pulsating flows of viscoelastic fluid in a channel and a circular pipe. The important thing is that an analytical solution can be found in these cases, making in possible to test all aspects of numerical simulation in OpenFOAM. Obtained results showed an excellent agreement with the analytical solution for both velocity and stress components. These results encouraged authors' motivation and a choice to use OpenFOAM for simulation of viscoelastic flows. We hope that our research will make a contribution to the OpenFOAM community. Our plan for the further research is a simulation of blood flow in arteries with the viscoelastic solver. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)