bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncologic results of transoral laser microsurgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the posterior pharyngeal wall
Authors: Canis Martin , Wolff Hendrik A. , Ihler Friedrich , Matthias Christoph , Steiner Wolfgang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate oncologic outcomes of transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) in patients with cancer of the oropharyngeal and/or hypopharyngeal posterior wall.MethodsBetween August 1986 and December 2006, 25 patients (oropharyngeal n = 12; hypopharyngeal n = 13) were treated by primary CO2 laser microsurgery. Treatment was exclusively TLM with or without selective neck dissection in 12 cases (48%); TLM with adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy was performed in 13 cases (52%).ResultsData were analyzed by using the Kaplan–Meier method. The median follow‐up was 41.6 months. The 5‐year overall, recurrence‐free, and disease‐specific survival rates for stages I/II were 36,5%, 60,0%, and 87,5% and for stages III/IVa 41,2%, 36,4%, and 56,3%, respectively.ConclusionWith respect to local control and survival, results are comparable to conventional surgery. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 156‐161, 2015
Activity‐dependent Wnt 7 dendritic targeting in hippocampal neurons: Plasticity‐ and tagging‐related retrograde signaling mechanism?
Authors: Tabatadze Nino , McGonigal Rhona , Neve Rachel L. , Routtenberg Aryeh 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTWnt proteins have emerged as transmembrane signaling molecules that regulate learning and memory as well as synaptic plasticity at central synapses (Inestrosa and Arenas (2010) Nat Rev Neurosci 11:77‐86; Maguschak and Ressler (2011) J Neurosci 31:13057‐13067; Tabatadze et al. (2012) Hippocampus 22: 1228‐1241; Fortress et al. (2013) J Neurosci 33:12619‐12626). For example, there is both a training‐selective and Wnt isoform‐specific increase in Wnt 7 levels in hippocampus seven days after spatial learning in rats (Tabatadze et al. (2012) Hippocampus 22: 1228‐1241). Despite growing interest in Wnt signaling pathways in the adult brain, intracellular distribution and release of Wnt molecules from synaptic compartments as well as their influence on synaptic strength and connectivity remain less well understood. As a first step in such an analysis, we show here that Wnt 7 levels in primary hippocampal cells are elevated by potassium or glutamate activation in a time‐dependent manner. Subsequent Wnt 7 elevation in dendrites suggests selective somato‐dendritic trafficking followed by transport from dendrites to their spines. Wnt 7 elevation is also TTX‐reversible, establishing that its elevation is indeed an activity‐dependent process. A second stimulation given 6 h after the first significantly reduces Wnt 7 levels in dendrites 3 h later as compared to non‐stimulated controls suggesting activity‐dependent Wnt 7 release from dendrites and spines. In a related experiment designed to mimic the release of Wnt 7, exogenous recombinant Wnt 7 increased the number of active zones in presynaptic terminals as indexed by bassoon. This suggests the formation of new presynaptic release sites and/or presynaptic terminals. Wnt signaling inhibitor sFRP‐1 completely blocked this Wnt 7‐induced elevation of bassoon cluster number and cluster area. We suggest that Wnt 7 is a plasticity‐related protein involved in the regulation of presynaptic plasticity via a retrograde signaling mechanism as previously proposed (Routtenberg (1999) Trends in Neuroscience 22:255‐256). These findings provide support for this proposal, which offers a new perspective on the synaptic tagging mechanism (Redondo and Morris (2011) Nat Rev Neurosci 12:17‐30). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pediatric hospital discharge interventions to reduce subsequent utilization: A systematic review
Authors: Auger Katherine A. , Kenyon Chén C. , Feudtner Chris , Davis Matthew M. 
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUNDReducing avoidable readmission and posthospitalization emergency department (ED) utilization has become a focus of quality‐of‐care measures and initiatives. For pediatric patients, no systematic efforts have assessed the evidence for interventions to reduce these events.PURPOSEWe sought to synthesize existing evidence on pediatric discharge practices and interventions to reduce hospital readmission and posthospitalization ED utilization.DATA SOURCESPubMed and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature.STUDY SELECTIONStudies available in English involving pediatric inpatient discharge interventions with at least 1 outcome of interest were included.DATA EXTRACTIONWe utilized a modified Cochrane Good Practice data extraction tool and assessed study quality with the Downs and Black tool.DATA SYNTHESISOur search identified a total of 1296 studies, 14 of which met full inclusion criteria. All included studies examined multifaceted discharge interventions initiated in the inpatient setting. Overall, 2 studies demonstrated statistically significant reductions in both readmissions and subsequent ED visits, 4 studies demonstrated statistically significant reductions in either readmissions or ED visits, and 2 studies found statistically significant increases in subsequent utilization. Several studies were not sufficiently powered to detect changes in either subsequent utilization outcome measure.CONCLUSIONSInterventions that demonstrated reductions in subsequent utilization targeted children with specific chronic conditions, providing enhanced inpatient feedback and education reinforced with postdischarge support. Interventions seeking to reduce subsequent utilization should identify an individual or team to assume responsibility for the inpatient‐to‐outpatient transition and offer ongoing support to the family via telephone or home visitation following discharge. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:251–260. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Accessing Raman spectral variability in human stratum corneum for quantitative in vitro depth profiling
Authors: Franzen Lutz , Windbergs Maike 
Published: December 2013

The opportunity of label‐free and non‐destructive detection of substances inside human skin by confocal Raman microscopy represents a novel approach for investigating drug penetration and permeation. Several studies already introduced confocal Raman microscopy for depth profiling in skin; however, the reported results show high deviations. Thus, analysis of the spectral variability of human skin itself is a necessary prerequisite for systematic quantitative investigations of drug penetration and permeation by confocal Raman microscopy.In our work, we acquired Raman depth profiles from excised human skin samples after abdominal plastic surgery and investigated the absolute intensity fluctuation of four major skin derived Raman peaks. The results prove the expected high variability in spectral intensity, but we could not detect dissimilarities between different skin donors. A detailed analysis of the major endogenous skin components revealed differences in spatial distribution which consequently affects their individual applicability as reference peaks for relative depth profiling. Furthermore, we discovered an increase in signal variability in deeper stratum corneum layers, which has to be considered in future substance depth profiling investigations. In addition, we discovered an exponential decay of the Raman signal for all major skin components accounting for signal attenuation inside biological tissue. Based on this mathematical description, quantitative follow‐up of substances in human skin can be realized. All in all, the results of this study elucidate the necessity of substantial understanding of endogenous spectral characteristics inside human skin as essential prerequisite for rational depth profiling of substances in human skin. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“I'm a Mac” versus “I'm a PC”: Personality Differences between Mac and PC Users in a College Sample
Authors: Nevid Jeffrey S. , Pastva Amy 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTOne hundred eight college students who had purchased either a Mac or PC laptop computer completed measures of the Big Five personality traits, ratings of brand characteristics of Macs and PCs, measures of implicit attitudes toward these products, and determinants of brand choices. Big Five personality traits did not differentiate between Mac and PC owners. Students overall rated Macs higher on various product attributes (attractive style, cool, youthful, and exciting) and PCs higher on reasonable price and good for gaming. Brand owners rated their own brands higher on characteristics of reliability, good for homework, ease of use, good for Internet surfing, and good features. PC owners placed greater importance on cost as a determinant of brand choice, whereas Mac owners placed greater emphasis on style. Personality traits may have more nuanced effects on brand choices, as shown by relationships between Neuroticism and greater importance placed on cost and lesser importance placed on ease of use. Openness to Experience was associated with greater importance placed on reliability and lesser importance placed on style. Supporting the predictive validity of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in predicting consumer preferences, Mac owners showed more favorable implicit attitudes and stronger implicit self‐identification with Macs than did PC owners. Implicit attitudes also predicted self‐reported ratings of various product characteristics.
Addressing the Location of Undesirable Facilities through the Dominance‐based Rough Set Approach
Authors: Abastante Francesca , Bottero Marta , Greco Salvatore , Lami Isabella 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe location problems of the so‐called undesirable facilities such as waste incinerators or landfills presents two main characteristics: (i) social opposition and (ii) a huge number of social, economic and environmental data that have to be taken into account. In this sense, the decision problem can be seen as an intrinsically complex problem because it involves different interconnected elements and must achieve objectives that are often in conflict.The work proposes the use of the theory of the dominance‐based rough set approach (DRSA). The DRSA is a development of the rough sets philosophy which concerns the possibility of extending this theory to multiple criteria decision analysis by providing the model with preference‐ordered aspects of the problem.This article presents an argument for the use of DRSA in decisions‐aiding processes concerning urban and territorial projects. Mention has to be made to the fact that there are very few applications of DRSA to real case studies, and in particular, there is no application concerning the localization of undesirable facilities. Given the very delicate nature of the problem, where the contrasts are not only theoretical but also concrete, it is essential to ‘test’ the various methods of decision support before using them in real contexts. In this article, we argue that a simulation phase should reclaim responsibility for reliability and validity by implementing verification and self‐correcting strategies during the development of the application itself.In particular, the paper presents an application to a real‐world problem, concerning the choice of the location for a waste incinerator in the Province of Turin (Italy). In the application, different sites are analysed and compared through the use of the DRSA on the basis of different attributes, such as presence of population, hydrogeological risk, landscape value, interferences on transport infrastructures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unsaturated aldehydes induce CCK secretion via TRPA1 in STC‐1 cells
Authors: Nakajima Shingo , Hira Tohru , Yahagi Asuka , Nishiyama Chigusa , Yamashita Takatoshi , Imagi Jun , Hara Hiroshi 
Published: December 2013

ScopeCholecystokinin (CCK) producing cells sense luminal contents to regulate the exocrine pancreas, gastric motility, and appetite. Although long‐chain fatty acids (FAs, ≥ C12) are well known to stimulate CCK secretion, the CCK‐releasing activities of other aliphatic compounds, such as aldehydes (Alds) or alcohols (Alcs), have not been studied.Methods and resultsWe tested the CCK‐releasing activities of various aliphatic compounds with various carbon chain lengths (C3‐C13) and degrees of unsaturation in the enteroendocrine cell line STC‐1. CCK released from the cell was measured using an ELISA, and intracellular calcium concentration was measured using Fura‐2. Mono‐ and di‐unsaturated Alds at 100 μM, but not saturated Alds, induced CCK secretion in STC‐1 cells. Alcs and FAs failed to induce CCK secretion, regardless of carbon chain length or degree of unsaturation. Unsaturated Alds increased intracellular calcium concentration, but saturated Alds, Alcs, and FAs did not. Intracellular calcium mobilization and CCK secretion induced by unsaturated Alds was abolished in the absence of extracellular calcium. In addition, the inhibition of the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel suppressed unsaturated Ald‐induced CCK secretion and intracellular calcium mobilization.ConclusionUnsaturated Alds are potent aliphatic stimulants for CCK secretion through the activation of TRPA1.
A posteriori error analysis for a boundary element method with nonconforming domain decomposition
Authors: Domínguez Catalina , Heuer Norbert 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe present and analyze an a posteriori error estimator based on mesh refinement for the solution of the hypersingular boundary integral equation governing the Laplacian in three dimensions. The discretization under consideration is a nonconforming domain decomposition method based on the Nitsche technique. Assuming a saturation property, we establish quasireliability and efficiency of the error estimator in comparison with the error in a natural (nonconforming) norm. Numerical experiments with uniform and adaptively refined meshes confirm our theoretical results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 947–963, 2014
Numerical solution of transient heat conduction equation with variable thermophysical properties by the Tau method
Authors: Talati Faramarz , Tavakoli Erfan , Shahmorad Sedaghat 
Published: December 2013

In this article, we proposed the operational approach to the Tau method for solving linear and nonlinear one‐dimensional transient heat conduction equations with variable thermophysical properties which can involve heat generation term.To solve heat conduction equation, first we recall the Tau method to obtain a matrix form of the governing differential equation. Then boundary and initial conditions are transformed into a matrix form. Finally the resulting systems of linear or nonlinear algebraic equations are given. Afterwards, efficient error estimation is also introduced for this method. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the efficiency and high accuracy of the proposed method and also results are compared with solutions obtained by other methods. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 964–977, 2014
The adipokine profile of metabolically benign obese and at‐risk normal weight postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study
Authors: Khan Unab I. , Ogorodnikova Alexandra D. , Xu Linzhi , Wang Dan , Wassertheil‐Smoller Sylvia , Ho Gloria Y.F. , Sowers Mary Fran R. , Rajpathak Swapnil N. , Allison Matthew A. , Mackey Rachel H. , Vitolins Mara Z. , Manson JoAnn E. , Wildman Rachel P. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveNearly, a third of obese individuals, termed metabolically benign obese, have a low burden of adiposity‐related cardiometabolic abnormalities, whereas a substantial proportion of normal‐weight individuals possess risk factors.MethodsIn cross‐sectional analyses of 699 normal weight and 1,294 overweight/obese postmenopausal women enrolled in a nested case‐control stroke study ancillary to the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, we compared levels of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin among metabolically benign normal weight, at‐risk normal weight, metabolically benign obese, and at‐risk obese women using components of the ATP III definition of the metabolic syndrome (metabolically benign: ≤1 of the four components; at‐risk phenotype: ≥2 components or diabetes).ResultsOverall, 382/699 normal‐weight women (54.6%) and 328/1,194 overweight/obese women (27.5%) were metabolically benign. Among normal‐weight women, at‐risk women had higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels compared to metabolically benign women; multivariate‐adjusted odds ratios were significant for having leptin (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.28‐5.01) and resistin (1.46; 1.03‐2.07) in the top tertile and adiponectin in the bottom tertile (2.64; 1.81‐3.84). Compared to metabolically benign overweight/obese women, at‐risk obese women had higher odds of having leptin in the top tertile (1.62; 1.24‐2.12) and adiponectin in the bottom tertile (2.78; 2.04‐3.77).ConclusionsOverall, metabolically benign overweight/obese women had an intermediate adipokine profile (between at‐risk obese and metabolically benign normal‐weight women), whereas at‐risk normal‐weight women had a less favorable profile compared to metabolically benign normal‐weight women. As adiponectin was the only adipokine independent of BMI, it may be most likely to have a role in the etiological pathway of these phenotypes.
Distinguishing incident and prevalent diabetes in an electronic medical records database
Authors: Mamtani Ronac , Haynes Kevin , Finkelman Brian S. , Scott Frank I. , Lewis James D. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo develop a method to identify incident diabetes mellitus (DM) using an electronic medical records (EMR) database and test this classification by comparing incident and prevalent DM with common outcomes related to DM duration.MethodsIncidence rates (IRs) of DM (defined as a first diagnosis or prescription) were measured in 3‐month intervals through 36 months after registration in The Health Improvement Network, a primary care database, from 1994 to 2012. We used Joinpoint regression to identify the point where a statistically significant change in the trend of IRs occurred. Further analyses used this point to distinguish those likely to have incident (n = 50 315) versus prevalent (n = 28 337) DM. Incident and prevalent cohorts were compared using Cox regression for all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic neuropathy. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, smoking, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and calendar year.ResultsTrends in DM IRs plateaued 9 months after registration (p = 0.04). All cause‐mortality was increased (hazard ratio (HR) 1.62, 95% CI 1.53–1.70) among patients diagnosed with DM prior to 9 months following registration (prevalent DM) compared to those diagnosed after 9 months (incident DM). Similarly, the risk of DM‐related complications was higher in prevalent versus incident DM patients [CVD, HR 2.24 (2.08–2.40); diabetic retinopathy, HR 1.31 (1.24–1.38); diabetic nephropathy, HR 2.30 (1.95–2.72); diabetic neuropathy, HR 1.28 (1.16–1.41)].ConclusionJoinpoint regression can be used to identify patients with newly diagnosed diabetes within EMR data. Failure to exclude patients with prevalent DM can lead to exaggerated associations of DM‐related outcomes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural characterization of a ligand‐bound form of Bacillus subtilis FadR involved in the regulation of fatty acid degradation
Authors: Fujihashi Masahiro , Nakatani Taiga , Hirooka Kazutake , Matsuoka Hiroshi , Fujita Yasutaro , Miki Kunio 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBacillus subtilis FadR (FadRBs), a member of the TetR family of bacterial transcriptional regulators, represses five fad operons including 15 genes, most of which are involved in β‐oxidation of fatty acids. FadRBs binds to the five FadRBs boxes in the promoter regions and the binding is specifically inhibited by long‐chain (C14–C20) acyl‐CoAs, causing derepression of the fad operons. To elucidate the structural mechanism of this regulator, we have determined the crystal structures of FadRBs proteins prepared with and without stearoyl(C18)‐CoA. The crystal structure without adding any ligand molecules unexpectedly includes one small molecule, probably dodecyl(C12)‐CoA derived from the Escherichia coli host, in its homodimeric structure. Also, we successfully obtained the structure of the ligand‐bound form of the FadRBs dimer by co‐crystallization, in which two stearoyl‐CoA molecules are accommodated, with the binding mode being essentially equivalent to that of dodecyl‐CoA. Although the acyl‐chain‐binding cavity of FadRBs is mainly hydrophobic, a hydrophilic patch encompasses the C1–C10 carbons of the acyl chain. This accounts for the previous report that the DNA binding of FadRBs is specifically inhibited by the long‐chain acyl‐CoAs but not by the shorter ones. Structural comparison of the ligand‐bound and unliganded subunits of FadRBs revealed three regions around residues 21–31, 61–76, and 106–119 that were substantially changed in response to the ligand binding, and particularly with respect to the movements of Leu108 and Arg109. Site‐directed mutagenesis of these residues revealed that Arg109, but not Leu108, is a key residue for maintenance of the DNA‐binding affinity of FadRBs. Proteins 2014; 82:1301–1310. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural basis of conformational variance in phosphorylated and non‐phosphorylated states of PKCβII
Authors: Grewal Baljinder K. , Krishnan R. Venkata , Sobhia M. Elizabeth 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTPKCβII activation is achieved by primary phosphorylation at three phosphorylation sites, followed by the addition of secondary messengers for full activation. Phosphorylation is essential for enzyme maturation, and the associated conformational changes are known to modulate the enzyme activation. To probe into the structural basis of conformational changes on phosphorylation of PKCβII, a comprehensive study of the changes in its complexes with ATP and ruboxistaurin was performed. ATP is a phosphorylating agent in its phosphorylation reaction, and ruboxistaurin is its specific inhibitor. This study provides insight into the differences in the important structural features in phosphorylated and non‐phosphorylated states of PKCβII. Less conformational changes when PKCβII is bound to inhibitor in comparison to when it is bound to its phosphorylating agent in both states were observed. The interactions of ruboxistaurin significant in restricting PKCβII to attain the conformational state competent for full activation are reported. Proteins 2014; 82:1332–1347. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the powers of powerful knowledge
Authors: Young Michael , Muller Johan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to explore and clarify the idea of ‘powerful knowledge’ as a sociological concept and as a curriculum principle. The paper seeks to clarify its conceptual basis and to make its meaning and the arguments it implies, less ambiguous and less open to misunderstanding. This will enable us to suggest some of the research and policy options that it opens up. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the origins of the contemporary usage of the concept in the sociology of education and its explains its roots in the often neglected sociology of knowledge of Emile Durkheim. We draw from Durkheim the idea that ‘powerful knowledge’ is differentiated and specialised knowledge and trace this argument through the work of Vygotsky and, in more detail, of Basil Bernstein. Following Bernstein's analysis of the different forms that specialised knowledge can take, we consider the curriculum implications of the view that some forms, the STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) subjects, are ‘intrinsically more powerful than others’. We indicate the limits of this argument and in the final section suggest how the idea of powerful knowledge can be more broadly conceived to include the arts and humanities.