bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying health insurance predictors and the main reported reasons for being uninsured among US immigrants by legal authorization status
Authors: Vargas Bustamante Arturo , Chen Jie , Fang Hai , Rizzo John A. , Ortega Alexander N. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThis study identifies differences in health insurance predictors and investigates the main reported reasons for lacking health insurance coverage between short‐stayed (≤10 years) and long‐stayed (>10 years) US immigrant adults to parse the possible consequences of the Affordable Care Act among immigrants by length of stay and documentation status. Foreign‐born adults (18‐64 years of age) from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey are the study population. Health insurance coverage predictors and the main reasons for being uninsured are compared across cohorts and by documentation status. A logistic‐regression two‐part multivariate model is used to adjust for confounding factors. The analyses determine that legal status is a strong health insurance predictor, particularly among long‐stayed undocumented immigrants. Immigration status is the main reported reason for lacking health insurance. Although long‐stayed documented immigrants are likely to benefit from the Affordable Care Act implementation, undocumented immigrants and short‐stayed documented immigrants may encounter difficulties getting health insurance coverage. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased Osteopontin Contributes to Inhibition of Bone Mineralization in FGF23-Deficient Mice
Authors: Yuan Quan , Jiang Yan , Zhao Xuefeng , Sato Tadatoshi , Densmore Michael , Schüler Christiane , Erben Reinhold G , McKee Marc D , Lanske Beate 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Excessive FGF23 has been identified as a pivotal phosphaturic factor leading to renal phosphate-wasting and the subsequent development of rickets and osteomalacia. In contrast, loss of FGF23 in mice (Fgf23−/−) leads to high serum phosphate, calcium, and 1,25-vitamin D levels, resulting in early lethality attributable to severe ectopic soft-tissue calcifications and organ failure. Paradoxically, Fgf23−/− mice exhibit a severe defect in skeletal mineralization despite high levels of systemic mineral ions and abundant ectopic mineralization, an abnormality that remains largely unexplained. Through use of in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and immunogold labeling coupled with electron microscopy of bone samples, we discovered that expression and accumulation of osteopontin (Opn/OPN) was markedly increased in Fgf23−/− mice. These results were confirmed by qPCR analyses of Fgf23−/− bones and ELISA measurements of serum OPN. To investigate whether elevated OPN levels were contributing to the bone mineralization defect in Fgf23−/− mice, we generated Fgf23−/−/Opn−/− double-knockout mice (DKO). Biochemical analyses showed that the hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia observed in Fgf23−/− mice remained unchanged in DKO mice; however, micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histomorphometric analyses showed a significant improvement in total mineralized bone volume. The severe osteoidosis was markedly reduced and a normal mineral apposition rate was present in DKO mice, indicating that increased OPN levels in Fgf23−/− mice are at least in part responsible for the osteomalacia. Moreover, the increased OPN levels were significantly decreased upon lowering serum phosphate by feeding a low-phosphate diet or after deletion of NaPi2a, indicating that phosphate levels contribute in part to the high OPN levels in Fgf23−/− mice. In summary, our results suggest that increased OPN is an important pathogenic factor mediating the mineralization defect and the alterations in bone metabolism observed in Fgf23−/− bones. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Female Mice Lacking Estrogen Receptor-Alpha in Osteoblasts Have Compromised Bone Mass and Strength
Authors: Melville Katherine M , Kelly Natalie H , Khan Sohaib A , Schimenti John C , Ross F Patrick , Main Russell P , van der Meulen Marjolein C H 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Reduced bioavailability of estrogen increases skeletal fracture risk in postmenopausal women, but the mechanisms by which estrogen regulates bone mass are incompletely understood. Because estrogen signaling in bone acts, in part, through estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), mice with global deletion of ERα (ERαKO) have been used to determine the role of estrogen signaling in bone biology. These animals, however, have confounding systemic effects arising from other organs, such as increased estrogen and decreased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) serum levels, which may independently affect bone. Mice with tissue-specific ERα deletion in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, or osteoclasts lack the systemic effects seen in the global knockout, but show that presence of the receptor is important for the function of each cell type. Although bone mass is reduced when ERα is deleted from osteoblasts, no study has determined if this approach reduces whole bone strength. To address this issue, we generated female osteoblast-specific ERαKO mice (pOC-ERαKO) by crossing mice expressing a floxed ERα gene (ERαfl/fl) with mice transgenic for the osteocalcin-Cre promoter (OC-Cre). Having confirmed that serum levels of estrogen and IGF-1 were unaltered, we focused on relating bone mechanics to skeletal phenotype using whole bone mechanical testing, microcomputed tomography, histology, and dynamic histomorphometry. At 12 and 18 weeks of age, pOC-ERαKO mice had decreased cancellous bone mass in the proximal tibia, vertebra, and distal femur, and decreased cortical bone mass in the tibial midshaft, distal femoral cortex, and L5 vertebral cortex. Osteoblast activity was reduced in cancellous bone of the proximal tibia, but osteoclast number was unaffected. Both femora and vertebrae had decreased whole bone strength in mechanical tests to failure, indicating that ERα in osteoblasts is required for appropriate bone mass and strength accrual in female mice. This pOC-ERαKO mouse is an important animal model that could enhance our understanding of estrogen signaling in bone cells in vivo. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Saturn chorus intensity variations
Authors: Menietti J. D. , Schippers P. , Katoh Y. , Leisner J. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Gurnett D. A. , Santolik O. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWhistler mode chorus plasma wave emissions have been observed at Saturn near the magnetic equator and the source region. During crossings of the magnetic equator along nearly constant L shells, the Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science Investigation often observes a local decrease in whistler mode intensity and bandwidth closest to the magnetic equator, where linear growth appears to dominate, with nonlinear structures appearing at higher latitudes and higher frequencies. We investigate linear growth rate using the Waves in a Homogeneous, Anisotropic, Multi‐component Plasma dispersion solver and locally observed electron phase space density measurements from the Electron Spectrometer sensor of the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer Investigation to determine the parameters responsible for the variation in chorus intensity and bandwidth. We find that a temperature anisotropy (T⊥/T∥ ~ 1.3) can account for linear spatiotemporal growth rate of whistler mode waves, which provides a majority of the observed frequency‐integrated power. At the highest frequencies, intense, nonlinear, frequency‐drifting structures (drift rates ~ 200 Hz/s) are observed a few degrees away from the equator and can account for a significant fraction of the total power. Chorus emission at higher frequencies is distinct from lower frequency whistler mode emission and is sometimes correlated with simultaneously observed low‐frequency electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. These electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves appear to modulate a slow frequency drift (~15 Hz/s) which develops into nonlinear growth with much larger frequency drift associated only with the higher‐frequency chorus.
Solar cycle dependence of High‐Intensity Long‐Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) events, relativistic electron predictors?
Authors: Hajra R. , Echer E. , Tsurutani B. T. , Gonzalez W. D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHigh‐Intensity, Long‐Duration, Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) events are studied using long‐term geomagnetic and solar wind/interplanetary databases. We use the strict definition of a HILDCAA event, that it occurs outside of the main phase of a magnetic storm, the peak AE is >1000 nT, and the duration is at least 2 days long. One hundred thirty‐three events have been identified from the AE indices in the 1975 to 2011 interval, a ~3½ solar cycle span. Of the 133 events, 99 had simultaneous interplanetary data available. The overwhelmed majority (94%) of these latter cases were associated with high‐speed solar wind stream (HSS) events. The remaining 6% of the cases occurred after the passage of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). The HSS‐related events were typically associated with large interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz variances. The ICME‐related events were characterized by steady southward Bz intervals or low‐frequency fluctuations, both of which we view as possible different interplanetary phenomena. HILDCAA events have been found to have their largest occurrence frequency in the solar cycle descending phase (~6.8/year) with the second largest at solar minimum (~3.5/year). The occurrence frequencies were considerably lower in the ascending phase (~2.5/year) and at solar maximum (~2.2/year). Thus, HILDCAAs can occur during all phases of the solar cycle, with the descending phase approximately three times more likely to have an event than at solar maximum and the ascending phase. The HILDCAA events that occurred in the declining phase and at solar minimum were >20% longer in duration than those in the ascending phase and solar maximum, respectively. The events during the recent solar and geomagnetic minima, 2007–2009, were, on the average, ~17% and 14% weaker in peak AE than the events during the previous two minima of 1995–1997 and 1985–1987, respectively. The recent minimum events were ~35% and 41% shorter in durations, respectively, than the events during those previous minima. The yearly occurrence of the events exhibited statistically significant correlation (>0.70) with yearly average speed and number of HSSs. No seasonal dependence of HILDCAA was noted.
The effects of ocean feedback on tropical cyclone energetics under idealized air‐sea interaction conditions
Authors: Ma Zhanhong , Fei Jianfang , Huang Xiaogang , Cheng Xiaoping 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe effects of ocean feedback on the energetic characteristics of the tropical cyclone (TC) are investigated based on idealized TC‐ocean coupling simulations. Results reveal notable impacts of ocean response on TC energetics. The ocean feedback reduces the latent energy of TCs, and consequently less latent heat is released in TC clouds, which leads to an evident decrease of the kinetic energy. A bulk equivalent potential temperature (θe) budget analysis demonstrates that the upward heat fluxes at the top of the boundary layer, of comparable magnitudes with the surface heat fluxes, are significantly diminished by the ocean feedback. A relatively higher portion of energy extracted from the ocean has been retained by the boundary layer under influences of the ocean feedback. The air parcels in contact with the cold wake possess evidently lowered moist static energy. To evaluate the evolution of moist static energy following these cooled air parcels, a three‐dimensional Lagrangian analysis is conducted using a large sample of trajectory seeds. Statistical results indicate that there is a mixing process between the cooled and ambient air parcels that lasts mostly less than 240 min. Over 70% of the seeded air parcels approach to a radius of 30–90 km from the TC center before they obtain adequate energy from surrounding air to balance their negative asymmetric θe. Most of the cooled air parcels are warmed up in the boundary layer, thereby producing impacts on TC energetics through changing directly the moist static energy of the boundary layer. More work of real case simulations is required to generalize the findings reported herein.
Venous thromboembolism prevention guidelines for medical inpatients: Mind the (implementation) Gap
Authors: Maynard Greg , Jenkins Ian H. , Merli Geno J. 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUNDHospital‐associated nonsurgical venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important problem addressed by new guidelines from the American College of Physicians (ACP) and American College of Chest Physicians (AT9).METHODSNarrative review and critique.RESULTSBoth guidelines discount asymptomatic VTE outcomes and caution against overprophylaxis, but have different methodologies and estimates of risk/benefit. Guideline complexity and lack of consensus on VTE risk assessment contribute to an implementation gap. Methods to estimate prophylaxis benefit have significant limitations because major trials included mostly screening‐detected events. AT9 relies on a single Italian cohort study to conclude that those with a Padua score ≥4 have a very high VTE risk, whereas patients with a score <4 (60% of patients) have a very small risk. However, the cohort population has less comorbidity than US inpatients, and over 1% of patients with a score of 3 suffered pulmonary emboli. The ACP guideline does not endorse any risk‐assessment model. AT9 includes the Padua model and Caprini point‐based system for nonsurgical inpatients and surgical inpatients, respectively, but there is no evidence they are more effective than simpler risk‐assessment models.CONCLUSIONSNew VTE prevention guidelines provide varied guidance on important issues including risk assessment. If Padua is used, a threshold of 3, as well as 4, should be considered. Simpler VTE risk‐assessment models may be superior to complicated point‐based models in environments without sophisticated clinical decision support. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:582–588. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Reduced replication capacity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus during the 2010–2011 winter season in Tottori, Japan
Authors: Tsuneki Akeno , Itagaki Asao , Tsuchie Hideaki , Tokuhara Misato , Okada Takayoshi , Narai Sakae , Kasagi Masaaki , Tanaka Kiyoshi , Kageyama Seiji 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA novel swine‐origin influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus has been circulating in humans since March–April, 2009. The 2009–2010 epidemic involved predominantly a single subtype of A(H1N1)pdm09 (at 96%, 46/48) in the sentinel sites of this study. However, A(H1N1)pdm09 started to circulate together with other type/subtype (49%, 33/68) at the first peak in the next epidemic season in 2010–2011: A(H1N1)pdm09/A(H3N2) (9%, 6/68), A(H1N1)pdm09/B (35%, 24/68), and A(H1N1)pdm09/A(H3N2)/B (4%, 3/68). Single infection of A(H1N1)pdm09 became a rare event (8%, 5/65) at the second peak of the same season in 2010–2011 compared with that at the first peak (50%, 34/68). Concurrently with this decline, single infections of others, A(H3N2) or B, became evident (6%, 4/65; 14%, 9/65, respectively). Triple infections were more common (29%, 19/65) at the second peak than at the first peak (4%). The A(H1N1)pdm09 detected in 2010–2011 produced less virus upon 72 hr of incubation in vitro after the inoculations at 104 and 3,300 copies/ml (2.3 × 109 and 2.3 × 109 copies/ml on average) than that in 2009–2010 (3.7 × 109 and 1.3 × 1010 copies/ml on average; P < 0.05 by ANOVA test), respectively. As described above, the replication capacity of A(H1N1)pdm09 seems to have deteriorated in the 2010–2011 season presumably due to substantial herd immunity and allowed the existence of other type/subtype. These results suggest that assessment of replication capacity is indispensable for analysis of influenza epidemics. J Med. Virol. 85:1871–1877, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta‐analysis of hypercoagulability genetic polymorphisms in perthes disease
Authors: Woratanarat Patarawan , Thaveeratitharm Charnwit , Woratanarat Thira , Angsanuntsukh Chanika , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPerthes disease is an osteonecrosis of the femoral epiphysis with unclear etiology. This study aimed to systematically review the association between genetic determinants of hypercoagulability (Factor V Leiden, prothrombin II, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; MTHFR) and Perthes disease. PubMed and Scopus searched from inception to January 2012, data extraction and quality assessment were performed. The odds ratio (OR) for the allele effect was pooled, and heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Twelve case–control studies met inclusion criteria and had sufficient data for extraction. There were 824 cases and 2,033 controls with a mean age range of 6.1–14.7 years. The prevalence of the minor allele in controls was 0.015 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.008, 0.023), 0.012 (95% CI: 0.008, 0.017), and 0.105 (95% CI: 0.044, 0.167) for factor V Leiden, prothrombin II, and MTHFR, respectively. The factor V Leiden allele increased the risk of Perthes with a pooled OR of 3.10 (95% CI: 1.68, 5.72), while prothrombin II and MTHFR had non‐significantly pooled OR 1.48 (95% CI: 0.71, 3.08), and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.72, 1.30), respectively. The factor V Leiden mutation is significantly related to Perthes disease, and its screening in at‐risk children might be useful in the future. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1–7, 2014.
Prolonged expansion of human nucleus pulposus cells expressing human telomerase reverse transcriptase mediated by lentiviral vector
Authors: Wu Jianhong , Wang Deli , Ruan Dike , He Qing , Zhang Yan , Wang Chaofeng , Xin Hongkui , Xu Cheng , Liu Yue 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTHuman degenerative disc disease (DDD) is characterized by progressive loss of human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells and extracellular matrix, in which the massive deposition are secreted by HNP cells. Cell therapy to supplement HNP cells to degenerated discs has been thought to be a promising strategy to treat DDD. However, obtaining a large quality of fully functional HNP cells has been severely hampered by limited proliferation capacity of HNP cells in vitro. Previous studies have used lipofectamine or recombinant adeno‐associated viral (rAAV) vectors to deliver human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) into ovine or HNP cells to prolong the activity of nucleus pulposus cells with limited success. Here we developed a lentiviral vector bearing both hTERT and a gene encoding green fluorescence protein (L‐hTERT/EGFP). This vector efficiently mediated both hTERT and EGFP into freshly isolated HNP cells. The expressions of both transgenes in L‐hTERT/EGFP transduced HNP cells were detected up to day 210 post viral infection, which was twice as long as rAAV vector did. Furthermore, we observed restored telomerase activity, maintained telomere length, delayed cell senescence, and increased cell proliferation rate in those L‐hTERT/EGFP transduced HNP cells. Our study suggests that lentiviral vector might be a useful gene delivery vehicle for HNP cell therapy to treat DDD. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:159–166, 2014.
Patient characteristics as predictors of clinical outcome of distraction in treatment of severe ankle osteoarthritis
Authors: Marijnissen A.C.A. , Hoekstra M.C.L. , Pré B.C. du , van Roermund P.M. , van Melkebeek J. , Amendola A. , Maathuis P. , Lafeber F.P.J.G. , Welsing P.M.J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a slowly progressive joint disease. Joint distraction can be a treatment of choice in case of severe OA. Prediction of failure will facilitate implementation of joint distraction in clinical practice. Patients with severe ankle OA, who underwent joint distraction were included. Survival analysis was performed over 12 years (n = 25 after 12 years). Regression analyses were used to predict failures and clinical benefit at 2 years after joint distraction (n = 111). Survival analysis showed that 44% of the patients failed, 17% within 2 years and 37% within 5 years after joint distraction (n = 48 after 5 years). Survival analysis in subgroups showed that the percentage failure was only different in women (30% after 2 years) versus men (after 11 years still no 30% failure). In the multivariate analyses female gender was predictive for failure 2 years after joint distraction. Gender and functional disability at baseline predicted more pain. Functional disability and pain at baseline were associated with more functional disability. Joint distraction shows a long‐term clinical beneficial outcome. However, failure rate is considerable over the years. Female patients have a higher chance of failure during follow‐up. Unfortunately, not all potential predictors could be investigated and other clinically significant predictors were not found. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:96–101, 2014.
Changes in WNT signaling‐related gene expression associated with development and cloning in bovine extra‐embryonic and endometrial tissues during the peri‐implantation period
Authors: Biase Fernando H. , Rabel Chanaka , Guillomot Michel , Sandra Olivier , Andropolis Kalista , Olmstead Colleen , Oliveira Rosane , Wallace Richard , Le Bourhis Daniel , Richard Christophe , Campion Evelyne , Chaulot‐Talmon Aurélie , Giraud‐Delville Corinne , Taghouti Géraldine , Jammes Hélène , Hue Isabelle , Renard Jean Paul , Lewin Harris A. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYWe determined if somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cloning is associated with WNT‐related gene expression in cattle development, and if the expression of genes in the WNT pathway changes during the peri‐implantation period. Extra‐embryonic and endometrial tissues were collected at gestation days 18 and 34 (d18, d34). WNT5A, FZD4, FZD5, LRP5, CTNNB1, GNAI2, KDM1A, BCL2L1, and SFRP1 transcripts were localized in extra‐embryonic tissue, whereas SFRP1 and DKK1 were localized in the endometrium. There were no differences in the localization of these transcripts in extra‐embryonic tissue or endometrium from SCNT or artificial insemination (AI) pregnancies. Expression levels of WNT5A were 11‐fold greater in the allantois of SCNT than AI samples. In the trophoblast, expression of WNT5A, FZD5, CTNNB1, and DKK1 increased significantly from d18 to d34, whereas expression of KDM1A and SFRP1 decreased, indicating that implantation is associated with major changes in WNT signaling. SCNT was associated with altered WNT5A expression in trophoblasts, with levels increasing 2.3‐fold more in AI than SCNT conceptuses from d18 to d34. In the allantois, expression of WNT5A increased 6.3‐fold more in SCNT than AI conceptuses from d18 to d34. Endometrial tissue expression levels of the genes tested did not differ between AI or SCNT pregnancies, although expression of individual genes showed variation across developmental stages. Our results demonstrate that SCNT is associated with altered expression of specific WNT‐related genes in extra‐embryonic tissue in a time‐ and tissue‐specific manner. The pattern of gene expression in the WNT pathway suggests that noncanonical WNT signal transduction is important for implantation of cattle conceptuses. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 977–987, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.