bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A recommendation system for repairing violations detected by static architecture conformance checking
Authors: Terra Ricardo , Valente Marco Tulio , Czarnecki Krzysztof , Bigonha Roberto S. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThis paper describes a recommendation system that provides refactoring guidelines for maintainers when tackling architectural erosion. The paper formalizes 32 refactoring recommendations to repair violations raised by static architecture conformance checking approaches; it describes a tool—called ArchFix—that triggers the proposed recommendations; and it evaluates the application of this tool in two industrial‐strength systems. For the first system—a 21 KLOC open‐source strategic management system—our approach has indicated correct refactoring recommendations for 31 out of 41 violations detected as the result of an architecture conformance process. For the second system—a 728 KLOC customer care system used by a major telecommunication company—our approach has triggered correct recommendations for 624 out of 787 violations, as asserted by the system's architect. Moreover, the architects have scored 82% of these recommendations as having moderate or major complexity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical derivatives, forces, force constants, molecular geometries, and related response properties in electronic structure theory
Authors: Pulay Peter 
Published: October 2013

Analytical calculation of energy derivatives with respect to nuclear coordinates revolutionized applied molecular quantum mechanics by allowing the routine calculation of molecular structures and related properties. The cost of calculating first derivatives (gradients, forces) is comparable to the calculation of the energy for most electronic structure methods. Thus analytical differentiation, compared to numerical one, increases efficiency by a factor proportional to the number of nuclei and greatly improves numerical accuracy. Coordinate derivatives, together with their generalizations to electric and magnetic perturbations, are crucial for the determination of transition states, vibrational frequencies, infrared and Raman intensities, non‐Born–Oppenheimer couplings, and magnetic properties: NMR spectra, magnetizability, vibrational circular dichroism, etc. Derivative theory, unlike perturbation theory, generally requires perturbation‐dependent basis sets. The inclusion of contributions originating from this dependence is a better alternative than using the Hellmann–Feynman theorem with an extended basis set. Analytical second derivatives, compared to the numerical differentiation of first derivatives, do not yield savings similar to first derivatives versus energy, in accordance with Wigner's 2n + 1 rule, but still improve greatly efficiency and numerical accuracy. Third and fourth derivatives have also been implemented for simpler wavefunctions. Analytical gradients were initially formulated for variational wavefunctions. It was realized only later that the penalty for nonvariational wavefunctions is modest. The Lagrangian formulation provides a simple, elegant framework for general derivative theory. Disadvantages of analytical derivatives are increased code complexity, and, particularly for higher derivatives, the requirement of large blocks of computer time and memory, both of which may interfere with code parallelization.This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Value of Scintigraphy for Assessing Delayed Gastric Emptying After Pancreatic Surgery
Authors: van Samkar Gan , Eshuis Wietse J. , Lemmers Marike , Gouma Dirk J. , Bennink Roel J. , Hollmann Markus W. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. , Busch Olivier R. C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground
Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) occurs frequently after pancreatic surgery. Recently a consensus definition of DGE was introduced, and this grading system is currently widely used. The aim of this study was to compare results of gastric emptying scintigraphy with the grade of DGE after pancreatic surgery.
MethodsIn 44 patients undergoing exploration for a pancreatic head or periampullary tumor, 28 pancreatoduodenectomies (PDs) and 16 double‐bypass procedures were performed. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative gastric emptying scintigraphy. We investigated whether the incidence of DGE was correlated with the results of gastric emptying scintigraphy.ResultsDGE occurred in 19 (43 %) patients. Clinically relevant DGE (grades B and C) prevailed in the PD group. Median postoperative residual activity at t = 2 h (%RA120) in these groups was 36 % (no DGE), 75 % (grade A), 93 % (grade B), and 95 % (grade C). DGE grade B or C was found in 7 of 10 patients with %RA120 of ≥94 % on postoperative day (POD) 7.ConclusionsPostoperative %RA120 on scintigraphy is positively associated with severity of DGE. Gastric emptying scintigraphy on POD 7 can predict the severity of DGE. When postoperative gastric emptying scintigraphy shows high residual radioactivity, the likelihood of further progression to grade B or C DGE is high and warrants investigation for underlying causes.
Recovery and Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater
Authors: Rahmanian Neda , Jafari Seid Mahdi , Galanakis Charis M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFood wastes are today considered as a cheap source of valuable components since the existent technologies allow the recovery of target compounds and their recycling inside the food chain as functional additives in different products. Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is generated from olive oil extraction systems. It has high added‐value compounds namely phenolics, recalcitrants, pectin, and some important enzymes. It causes a certain amount of toxicity/phytotoxicity because of its phenolic compounds. OMW also has significant impacts when discharged directly into surface waters. Therefore, the treatment of olive mill wastewater is very much needed. Several types of techniques have been investigated for OMW treatment along with recovery and removal of its phenolic compounds. Among these techniques, physical ones are utilized for extraction purposes, while chemical and biological methods are applied in order to diminish organic load. In this review, current status and recent developments in the recovery and removal of phenolic compounds from OMW have been critically examined.
The risk of non-union per fracture in children
Authors: Mills Leanora Anne , Simpson A. H. 
Published: October 2013

Background Non-union in children is considered a rare but real complication of fracture management; however there is no information available in the literature regarding its incidence. The aim of this work was to investigate the incidence of fractures and non-union in children for different anatomical regions/age groups, and for the first time to publish data regarding the rate of non-union per fracture in children in a large population. Method Prospective data for all hospital admissions for paediatric fractures and paediatric fracture non-union in Scotland between 2005 and 2010 was obtained. Regional data for total paediatric fracture numbers was also available enabling total fracture numbers and non-union incidence at a national level to be calculated. Results There were 180 non-unions in the 0–14 year olds and 242 non-unions in 15–19 year olds recorded over 5 years in a population of 1.2 million children (0–19 years). The number of fractures during this time period for the same age groups were 92,200 and 68,900 respectively. The risk of fracture increased steadily with age; it was greater in boys than girls and far higher in the upper than lower limb. The overall rate of non-union per fracture was 0.2 % in those 14 years and younger and 0.35 % in the 15–19 year olds. Non-union was highest in the male 15–19 year olds at 0.45 % of all fractures. The risk of non-union was far greater in the lower limb fractures than in the upper limb fractures throughout childhood until the age of 15 where the upper limb NU rate per fracture exceeded that of the lower limb. Conclusions The calculated risk of non-union per fracture is low throughout childhood with a risk of approximately 1 in 500 or less per fracture in boys aged under 14 years and in girls of all ages, however NU increases to approximately 1 in 200 fractures for the older teenage (15–19 years) boys.
Testing the Index of Problematic Online Experiences (I‐POE) with a national sample of adolescents
Authors: Mitchell Kimberly J. , Jones Lisa M. , Wells Melissa 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article assesses the utility of the Index of Problematic Online Experiences (I‐POE) in a national sample of adolescents in the United States. The study was based on a cross‐sectional national telephone survey of 1560 Internet users, ages 10 through 17. Data were collected between August, 2010 and January, 2011. The I‐POE is an 18‐item binary response index which can be used to assess problematic internet use across multiple behaviors and activities. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported a revised index with two factors: a 9‐item “excessive use” scale and a 9‐item “online social and communication problems” scale among this population. The I‐POE showed favorable psychometric properties including adequate internal consistency for the overall scale and for the two subscales. Scores correlate with offline emotional and behavioral difficulties and the I‐POE could have value for use as a part of broad mental health assessment procedures in clinical or school settings.
Pluripotency of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Feng Chunjing , Jia Yun-Dan , Zhao Xiao-Yang 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be generated by forced expression of four pluripotency factors in somatic cells. This has received much attention in recent years since it may offer us a promising donor cell source for cell transplantation therapy. There has been great progress in iPS cell research in the past few years. However, several issues need to be further addressed in the near future before the clinical application of iPS cells, like the immunogenicity of iPS cells, the variability of differentiation potential and most importantly tumor formation of the iPS derivative cells. Here, we review recent progress in research into the pluripotency of iPS cells.
Integration-Free Methods for Generating Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Zhou Yi-ye , Zeng Fanyi 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be generated from mouse or human fibroblasts by exogenous expression of four factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc, and hold great potential for transplantation therapies and regenerative medicine. However, use of retroviral vectors during iPS cell generation has limited the technique’s clinical application due to the potential risks resulting from genome integration of transgenes, including insertional mutations and altered differentiation potentials of the target cells, which may lead to pathologies such as tumorigenesis. Here we review recent progress in generating safer transgene-free or integration-free iPS cells, including the use of non-integrating vectors, excision of vectors after integration, DNA-free delivery of factors and chemical induction of pluripotency.
Experience of tubo‐ovarian abscess in western Turkey
Authors: Güngördük Kemal , Guzel Esra , Asicioğlu Osman , Yildirim Gokhan , Ataser Guler , Ark Cemal , Gulova Sıdıka S. , Uzuncakmak Cihangir 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical and laboratory parameters, treatments, and complications of patient with tubo‐ovarian abscess (TOA).MethodsData for 296 patients diagnosed with TOA (clinically and sonographically) between January 2005 and December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed at 3 tertiary referral hospitals in Turkey. Patients were compared on the basis of TOA size, demographic characteristics, clinical and sonographic presentation, and laboratory findings.ResultsSeventy‐six patients (25.7%) underwent surgery because antibiotic treatment was unsuccessful. The mean abscess size was larger and the mean C‐reactive protein (CRP) level and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were higher among patients who required surgery. The ESR had a diagnostic value of 83.6%, and a specificity and sensitivity of 73.7% and 82.7%, respectively, for the need for surgical intervention, based on a cut‐off value of 63.0 mm/hour. The CRP level had a diagnostic value of 80.4%, a specificity of 82.3%, and a sensitivity of 65.8% based on a cut‐off value of 21.0 mg/L.ConclusionThe combined use of the sonographic TOA diameter and laboratory parameters (ESR and CRP level) can aid clinical treatment decisions and improve the prediction of the outcome of medical TOA treatment.
A comparison of prophylactic intramuscular ergometrine and oxytocin for women in the third stage of labor
Authors: Ezeama Chukwuemeka O. , Eleje George U. , Ezeama Nkiru N. , Igwegbe Anthony O. , Ikechebelu Joseph I. , Ugboaja Joseph O. , Ezebialu Ifeanyichukwu U. , Eke Ahizechukwu C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and adverse effects of ergometrine and oxytocin given intramuscularly for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage during the third stage of labor.MethodsThe study included women with a singleton pregnancy of at least 28 weeks' gestation who had a vaginal delivery. High‐risk pregnancies were excluded. Oxytocin (10 IU) or ergometrine (0.5 mg) were administered intramuscularly in a blinded pattern immediately after delivery of the infant. An intention‐to‐treat analysis was performed.ResultsPostpartum blood loss (301.8 ± 109.2 mL versus 287.1 ± 84.4 mL, P = 0.011) and packed cell volume (30.7 ± 1.7% versus 31.6 ± 2.0%; Z = 0.00; P = 0.008) were considerably reduced among parturients who received intramuscular ergometrine. The rates of therapeutic oxytocics use, blood transfusion, placental retention, and manual removal of the placenta were significantly higher in the oxytocin group. No significant differences between the groups were observed in terms of adverse effects, with the exception of diastolic hypertension, which was more common in the ergometrine group (odds ratio, 0.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.00–0.75; P = 0.007).ConclusionIntramuscular ergometrine is superior to intramuscular oxytocin in averting postpartum hemorrhage during the third stage of labor. There are no significant risks of adverse effects except for diastolic hypertension.Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (www.pactr.org): 201105000292708.
Ten years of experience in molecular prenatal diagnosis and carrier testing for spinal muscular atrophy among families from Serbia
Authors: Miskovic Marijana , Lalic Tanja , Radivojevic Danijela , Cirkovic Sanja , Ostojic Slavica , Guc‐Scekic Marija 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe 10 years of experience of prenatal analysis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).MethodsData were retrospectively evaluated from prenatal analysis and carrier screening among parents and close relatives between January 2003 and December 2012. Screening was done before the parents were offered prenatal diagnosis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to detect the most frequent homozygous deletions in the SMN1 gene in fetal samples. A commercial MLPA kit (SALSA P060) was used to analyze SMN1 copy number for carrier status determination among healthy individuals. Bayesian calculation was used to accurately assess the risk of having a child affected with SMA.ResultsDuring the study period, 66 fetal samples from 44 Serbian families were analyzed, and 13 (19.7%) showed a homozygous deletion in the SMN1 gene. Among 28 healthy individuals, carrier status was confirmed for 16 (57.1%). For 7 couples, quantitative analyses and Bayesian calculation reduced the final risk of having a child with SMA from 1 in 200 to 1 in 2448.ConclusionOwing to disease severity and lack of a curative treatment, prenatal diagnosis of SMA is the best way to prevent recurrence. Carrier detection allows accurate risk assessment and appropriate genetic counseling for all family members.
Consequences of viscous anisotropy in a deforming, two-phase aggregate. Part 1. Governing equations and linearized analysis
Authors: Takei Yasuko , Katz Richard F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn partially molten regions of Earth, rock and magma coexist as a two-phase aggregate in which the solid grains of rock form a viscously deformable framework or matrix. Liquid magma resides within the permeable network of pores between grains. Deviatoric stress causes the distribution of contact area between solid grains to become anisotropic; in turn, this causes anisotropy of the matrix viscosity at the continuum scale. In this two-paper set, we predict the consequences of viscous anisotropy for flow of two-phase aggregates in three configurations: simple shear, Poiseuille, and torsional flow. Part 1 presents the governing equations and an analysis of their linearized form. Part 2 (Katz & Takei, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 734, 2013, pp. 456–485) presents numerical solutions of the full, nonlinear model. In our theory, the anisotropic viscosity tensor couples shear and volumetric components of the matrix stress/strain rate. This coupling, acting over a gradient in shear stress, causes segregation of liquid and solid. Liquid typically migrates toward higher shear stress, but under specific conditions, the opposite can occur. Furthermore, it is known that in a two-phase aggregate with a porosity-weakening viscosity, matrix shear causes porosity perturbations to grow into a banded or sheeted structure. We show that viscous anisotropy reduces the angle between these emergent high-porosity features and the shear plane. Laboratory experiments produce similar, high-porosity features. We hypothesize that the low angle of porosity bands in such experiments is the result of viscous anisotropy. We therefore predict that experiments incorporating a gradient in shear stress will develop sample-wide liquid–solid segregation due to viscous anisotropy.
Metaphor and Method in Concrete Ecclesiologies
Authors: Hawksley Theodora 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe past twenty-five years have seen a widespread turn to the concrete in theology, and an increased awareness of the importance of practices, believing communities and material culture for both Christian faith itself, and theological engagement with it. In ecclesiology, this turn to the concrete has manifested itself in the rise of concrete approaches to ecclesiology. These have developed over the past fifteen years or so, as ecclesiologists have integrated theological and social-scientific perspectives on the church, to create both general methodological studies, and smaller scale ‘ecclesiological ethnographies’ of particular church communities.This article critically explores some of the key methodological moves of the emerging discipline of concrete ecclesiology. In the first part of the article, I argue that concrete ecclesiologies display two characteristic methodological tendencies. First, they exhibit a tendency to define their approach as concrete and realistic in contrast to twentieth-century doctrinal approaches to ecclesiology, which they perceive as unhelpfully idealising and abstract. Second, they tend to express the task of ecclesiological ethnography as one of balancing the claims of two descriptive languages, theology and social science, with regard to a single object, the church. The underlying metaphor here is borrowed from christology: just as theological language about Christ's divine and human nature must be kept in balance, so doctrinal and social perspectives on the church must be kept in balance to avoid ‘ecclesiological Nestorianism’.In the second part of the article, I argue that these two methodological tendencies result in caricatured understandings of theology and ethnography as functional opposites. Theology tends to be regarded as an inherently abstracting and idealising influence in ecclesiology, while ethnography tends to be regarded as a means of straightforwardly accessing the ‘real’ church. This in turn creates a problematically thermostatic understanding of the relationship between theological and ethnographic insights in ecclesiology, casting them as mutually regulating and opposite influences. The article closes by proposing a potentially more fruitful alternative model for integrating theology and ethnography, by exploring the similarities between the ways in which the two disciplines understand and relate to their respective objects of study.
Some Provincial Black-Figure Workshops
Authors: Ure Annie D. 
Published: October 2013

In the small collection of Greek vases in Reading University there is a pyxis, complete with lid, and also an odd lid from a similar pyxis (Pl. 6, 1 and 3), with floral decoration of the kind that prevailed in Boeotia in the latter part of the fifth century. The painting is done with care, and both vase and lid have an elegance that contrasts with the rusticity of most vases with this sort of decoration.In shape and size the Reading vase corresponds with the well-known pyxis formerly in the Branteghem collection (Froehner Coll. Van Branteghem no. 211 PL. 46). The height of the Reading pyxis is 0·205 m., of the Branteghem pyxis 0·21 m. Its lid is flat, with an upward curve at the rim, the knob pagoda-like with six tiers, the foot in three sections, unpainted and ribbed horizontally.
Ambiguous Sanctuaries and Bektashi Propaganda
Authors: Hasluck F. W. 
Published: October 2013

The stratification of cults at famous sanctuaries of the ancient world, reflected for the most part in their local mythology, has long been interpreted as evidence of the invasion of older by newer gods and religious systems. A religion carried by a conquering race or by a missionary priesthood to alien lands superimposes itself, by force or persuasion, on an indigenous cult: the process is expressed in mythological terms under the figure of a personal combat between the rival gods or of the ‘reception’ of the new god by the old. Eventually either one god or the other succumbs and disappears or is relegated to an inferior position; or, again, the two may be more or less completely identified and fused.Of the religions of antiquity it is seldom possible to do more than conjecture by what methods and processes these transitions were actually carried out. The paper which follows is an attempt to examine some phenomena of the superimposition of cult in the case of a modern Mahommedan sect—the Bektashi—acting on the sanctuaries of the mixed populations of Turkey and in particular on Christian saint-cults. So far as we can see, where Bektashism has gained ground at the expense of Christianity this has been accomplished without violence, either by processes analogous to that known to the ancient world as the ‘reception’ of the new god by the old, or simply by the identification of the two personalities.