bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: evaluating treatment and survival in the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Smith Angela B. , Deal Allison M. , Woods Michael E. , Wallen Eric M. , Pruthi Raj S. , Chen Ronald C. , Milowsky Matthew I. , Nielsen Matthew E. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between patterns of care and patient survival for the treatment of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) using a large, national database.Patients and MethodsWe identified a cohort of 36 469 patients with MIBC (stage II) from 1998 to 2010 from the National Cancer Data Base. Patients were stratified into four treatment groups: radical cystectomy, chemo‐radiation, other therapy, or no treatment. Overall survival (OS) among the groups was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log rank test. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was fit to evaluate the association between treatment groups and OS.ResultsIn all, 27% of patients received radical cystectomy, 10% chemo‐radiation, 61% other therapy and 2% no treatment. Unadjusted Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significant differences by treatment group, with cystectomy having the greatest median OS (48 months) followed by chemo‐radiation (28 months), other therapy (20 months), and no treatment (5 months). When controlling for multiple covariates, the OS for cystectomy was similar to that for chemo‐radiation (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98, 1.12), but superior to other therapy (HR 1.42; 95% CI 1.35, 1.48), and no treatment (HR 2.40; 95% CI 2.12, 2.72). The OS time for chemo‐radiation was superior to other therapy and no treatment.ConclusionsRadical cystectomy and chemo‐radiation are significantly underused despite a substantial survival benefit compared with other therapies or no treatment. Future studies are needed to optimise care delivery and improve outcomes for patients with MIBC.
Metagovernance of urban governance networks in Canada: In pursuit of legitimacy and accountability
Authors: Doberstein Carey 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article introduces the concept of “metagovernance” into the Canadian public administration literature. The term captures the relationship and tension between the willingness of the state to engage with civil society representatives in substantive policy planning and decision‐making via purpose‐focused governance networks, while maintaining some degree of control over their activity consistent with traditional notions of democratic accountability. Examples of fifteen cases of network governance at the local level from all regions in Canada and various policy domains are compared. The article identifies patterns in the management of governance networks by the state and reflects on the implications for network governance and accountability.SommaireCet article introduit le concept de la « métagouvernance » dans les documents de l'administration publique canadienne. Le terme reflète la relation et la tension entre la volonté de l'État de s'engager avec les représentants de la société civile dans une importante planification et prise de décisions en matière de politiques par le biais de réseaux de gouvernance axés sur des objectifs, tout en maintenant un certain degré de contrôle sur leur activité, conforme aux notions traditionnelles d'imputabilité en démocratie. On y compare les exemples de quinze cas de gouvernance de réseaux à l'échelle locale de toutes les régions du Canada et dans divers domaines de politique. L'article identifie les tendances dans la gestion des réseaux de gouvernance par l'État et examine les implications pour la gouvernance des réseaux et l'imputabilité.
Does teleworking affect managing for results and constructive feedback? A research note
Authors: Caillier James Gerard 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTeleworking has been extensively examined, but little is known about the relationship between teleworking and management for results and between teleworking and constructive feedback. Using data on the Internal Revenue Service from the 2011 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey, this research note addresses the following questions. Are teleworkers more or less likely than non‐teleworkers to perceive they are held accountable for achieving results? Are teleworkers more or less likely than non‐teleworkers to perceive they are provided with constructive feedback? The findings reveal that teleworkers and non‐teleworkers generally reported similar levels of management for results and constructive feedback. Explanations and implications of these results are discussed, as well as avenues for further research.
Skewed B cell differentiation affects lymphoid organogenesis but not T cell-mediated autoimmunity
Authors: Colombo E , Tentorio P , Musio S , Rajewsky K , Pedotti R , Casola S , Farina C 
Published: December 2013

Summary
B cell receptor (BCR) signalling determines B cell differentiation and may potentially alter T cell-mediated immune responses. In this study we used two transgenic strains of BCR-deficient mice expressing Epstein–Barr virus latent membrane protein (LMP)2A in B cells, where either follicular and marginal zone differentiation (DHLMP2A mice) or B-1 cell development (VHLMP2A mice) were supported, and evaluated the effects of skewed B lymphocyte differentiation on lymphoid organogenesis and T cell responses in vivo.
Compared to wild-type animals, both transgenic strains displayed alterations in the composition of lymphoid organs and in the dynamics of distinct immune cell subsets following immunization with the self-antigen PLP185–206. However, ex-vivo T cell proliferation to PLP185–206 peptide measured in immunized DHLMP2A and VHLMP2A mice was similar to that detected in immunized control mice. Further, clinical expression of experimental autoimmune encephalitis in both LMP2A strains was identical to that of wild-type mice.
In conclusion, mice with skewed B cell differentiation driven by LMP2A expression in BCR-negative B cells do not show changes in the development of a T cell mediated disease model of autoimmunity, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms support the generation of T cell responses.
Plasma irisin depletion under energy restriction is associated with improvements in lipid profile in metabolic syndrome patients
Authors: de la Iglesia Rocio , Lopez‐Legarrea Patricia , Crujeiras Ana B. , Pardo Maria , Casanueva Felipe F. , Zulet Maria A. , Martinez Jose A. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryObjectiveA recently discovered myokine, irisin, may have an important role in energy metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between this hormone and the lipid profile of patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) following a hypocaloric diet.DesignNinety‐three Caucasian adults (52 men/41 women) diagnosed with MetS followed an 8‐week‐long energy‐restricted programme (−30% of the energy requirements). Anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers and plasma irisin levels were analysed before and after the nutritional intervention.ResultsGlobal plasma irisin levels were significantly reduced at the end of the study (−72·0 ± 100·9 ng/ml, P < 0·001) accompanying the weight loss (−6·9%). The depletion of irisin significantly correlated with changes in some atherogenic‐related variables: total cholesterol (B = 0·106, P = 0·018), total cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (B = 0·002, P = 0·036), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (B = 0·085, P = 0·037) and apolipoprotein B (B = 0·052, P = 0·002), independently of changes in body weight.ConclusionsAn association between the reduction in plasma irisin levels and the depletion of important lipid metabolism biomarkers was observed in patients with MetS undergoing an energy‐restricted programme.
Gender dependence of serum soluble Klotho in acromegaly
Authors: Sze Lisa , Neidert Marian C. , Bernays René L. , Zwimpfer Cornelia , Wiesli Peter , Haile Sarah R. , Brändle Michael , Schmid Christoph 
Published: December 2013

SummaryObjectivesIn acromegaly, disease activity is biochemically assessed by growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) levels. However, they are often discrepant, as several factors including gender influence their relationship. We recently found excessively high serum levels of soluble Klotho (sKl) in acromegalic patients, which depended on GH to a comparable extent as IGF‐1. To further elucidate the relationship between GH and sKl, we examined the effect of gender on sKl in patients with untreated acromegaly.Patients and DesignWe determined GH, IGF‐1 and sKl in sera of 62 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly (31 females/31 males, aged 20–85 years).ResultsFor their given GH excess at presentation with acromegaly, females had lower IGF‐1 (490 ± 33 vs 604 ± 33 ng/ml, P = 0·02), but higher sKl [5171 ± 590 vs 3439 ± 431 pg/ml (mean ± SE), P = 0·02] levels than males. In multiple regression analysis, IGF‐1 was closely associated with logGH (estimate 139, SE 47, P = 0·005) and BMI (estimate 14·2, SE 4·8, P = 0·005). sKl was closely associated with logGH (estimate 3088, SE 652, P = 0·0001) and gender (estimate 2034, SE 612, P = 0·002), and to a lesser extent with BMI (estimate 174, SE 66, P = 0·01).ConclusionsFor a given GH status, sKl concentrations are higher and IGF‐1 concentrations are lower in women than in men. GH is the strongest predictor for both sKl and IGF‐1, but gender needs to be considered when using these parameters for monitoring acromegalic patients.
“Anybody Can Do It”: Aesthetic Empowerment, Urban Citizenship, and the Naturalization of Indonesian Graffiti and Street Art
Authors: LEE DOREEN 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBased on ethnographic fieldwork in the cities ofJakarta andYogyakarta, this paper investigates the recent surge in the production and circulation of street art through technology and media in post‐NewOrderIndonesia. The global style of street art communicates how public space and the street have become emblematic of changing discourses of individual rights, urban aesthetics, and the practice of citizenship in urbanIndonesia. While the history of Western graffiti as a form of defacement and resistance continues to exert a powerful hold on the imagination of Indonesian street artists,Iargue that the vernacular meaning of street art and graffiti refuses an easy bifurcation of public and private spaces, while blurring the lines between commercial and cultural urban interventions. [Indonesia, street art, graffiti, media, citizenship]
Effect of insertion torque on titanium implant osseointegration: an animal experimental study
Authors: Duyck Joke , Roesems Rutger , Cardoso Marcio V. , Ogawa Toru , De Villa Camargos Germana , Vandamme Katleen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of implant insertion torque on the peri‐implant bone healing and implant osseointegration.Material and methodsBilaterally in the tibia of five adult New Zealand white rabbits, 20 implants were installed, subdivided into four groups, corresponding to two insertion torque conditions (low, < 10 Ncm vs. high > 50 Ncm) and 2 experimental periods (2 weeks vs. 4 weeks of healing). The implant insertion torque was determined by the surgical drill diameter relative to the implant diameter. Implant osseointegration was evaluated by quantitative histology (bone‐to‐implant contact with host bone [BIC‐host], with neoformed bone [BIC‐de novo], with both bone types [BIC‐total], and peri‐implant bone [BA/TA]). Every response was modelled over time using GEE (general estimation equation) with an unstructured variance–covariance matrix to correct for dependency between the measurements from one animal. The statistical significance level of α = 0.05 was applied.ResultsSignificantly, more BIC‐host and BIC‐total were recorded for H implants compared with L implants after 2 week of healing (P = 0.010 and P = 0.0001, respectively). However, this result was no longer found for the extended healing period. Furthermore, BIC‐total significantly increased over time for L implants (P < 0.00001). In contrast, the significant increase in BA/TA over time was found for H implants (P < 0.01). Finally, H insertion torque led to an increased BA/TA after 4 week of healing (P < 0.02) compared with the L insertion protocol.ConclusionL insertion torque implants installed in the rabbit tibial bone osseointegrate with considerable de novo bone formation. This bone neoformation enables L implants to catch up, already during the early osseointegration stage, the initial inferior amount BIC contact compared with that of H implants. A negative impact of the created strain environment accompanying H insertion torque implant installation on the biological process of osseointegration could not be observed, at least not at tissue level.
Assessment of body composition by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, bioimpedance analysis and anthropometrics in children: the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study
Authors: Tompuri Tuomo T. , Lakka Timo A. , Hakulinen Mikko , Lindi Virpi , Laaksonen David E. , Kilpeläinen Tuomas O. , Jääskeläinen Jarmo , Lakka Hanna‐Maaria , Laitinen Tomi 
Published: December 2013

SummaryObjective and methodsWe compared InBody720 segmental multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (SMF‐BIA) with Lunar Prodigy Advance dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in assessment of body composition among 178 predominantly prepubertal children. Segmental agreement analysis of body compartments was carried out, and inter‐relationships of anthropometric and other measures of body composition were defined. Moreover, the relations of different reference criteria for excess body fat were evaluated.ResultsThe prevalence of excess body fat varies greatly according to the used criteria. Intraclass and Pearson's correlations between SMF‐BIA and DXA were >0·92 in total body and >0·74 in regional measures. SMF‐BIA underestimated percentage body fat (%BF) and fat mass (FM), and overestimated lean mass (LM) and percentage LM with significant offset trend bias. Higher adiposity increased offsets, and overall agreement was poorer in girls. On average, %BF offsets (girls/boys) and limits of agreement (LA) were 3·9/1·6% [(−)1·4–9·2%/(−)3·4–6·7%]. Interestingly percentage offsets of fat content (%BF: 18·9/10·1%, FM: 18·8/11·1%) showed no significant bias trends indicating that the corresponding absolute methodological offset depends on the amount of fat content. The smallest percentage offset was found with LM: 4·3/0·1%, referring offset (LA) of 0·88/0·03 kg (±2·05/±1·71 kg). Correspondingly, segmental LM had poorer agreement than total body LM. All anthropometrics except for the waist‐to‐hip ratio showed strong correlations (r = 0·76–0·95) with abdominal and total body fat.ConclusionSegmental multifrequency bioimpedance analysis is precise enough for total‐LM analysis and had also sufficient trueness for total body composition analysis to be used in epidemiological purposes. There is need to generate scientifically and clinically relevant criteria and reference values for excess body fat.
Western Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) Eavesdrop on Alarm Calls of Black‐Tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)
Authors: D. Bryan Rebecca , B. Wunder Michael 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAnimals sharing a common habitat can indirectly receive information about their environment by observing information exchanges between other animals, a process known as eavesdropping. Animals that use an auditory alarm calling system are an important indirect information source for eavesdropping individuals in their environments. We investigated whether Western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) nesting on black‐tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies responded to broadcasts of prairie dog alarm calls. Western burrowing owls are closely associated with black‐tailed prairie dogs in Colorado and neighboring states on the Great Plains of the United States. Prairie dog burrows in active colonies can serve as nesting sites for Western burrowing owls, and prairie dogs may act as an alternative prey source for predators, potentially decreasing the burrowing owls' risk of predation through the dilution effect. Burrowing owls nesting on prairie dog colonies may also eavesdrop on prairie dog alarm calls, enhancing their survival and nesting success on prairie dog colonies. We performed broadcast experiments with three different sounds: a prairie dog alarm call, a biological control (cattle mooing), and a non‐biological control (an airplane engine), and characterized burrowing owl responses as either alert or relaxed. For each sound stimulus, we recorded the time to first alert response to broadcast sounds (latency) and also how frequently the target burrowing owl exhibited an alert response within the first ten seconds of the broadcast (intensity). Burrowing owls reacted more quickly to the prairie dog alarm than to the biological control. They significantly increased the intensity of alert behaviors in response to broadcasts of the alarm, but did not show an increased reaction to either the biological or the non‐biological control. Our results suggest that burrowing owls nesting on prairie dog colonies eavesdrop on, and increase their alert behaviors in response to, prairie dog alarm calls.
The effects of riverine impoundment on genetic structure and gene flow in two stream fishes in the Mobile River basin
Authors: Fluker Brook L. , Kuhajda Bernard R. , Harris Phillip M. 
Published: December 2013

Summary

Riverine impoundments (reservoirs) are thought to impede natural migration in small‐stream‐inhabiting fishes, resulting in spatially and genetically fragmented populations. However, this hypothesis remains poorly tested, and the genetic consequences of riverine impoundment for stream fishes with differing dispersal capabilities are not well understood.

This study utilised a combination of microsatellite DNA loci from 479 individuals and the mitochondrial (mt) DNA cytochrome b gene (810–1140 bp) from 83 individuals from eight streams to compare genetic structure and diversity between reservoir‐fragmented and non‐fragmented groups of two species of stream fishes with differing dispersal capabilities in the Mobile River basin of the south‐eastern United States.

For both species, analysis of microsatellite loci revealed genetic discontinuities between neighbouring tributaries that have been fragmented by reservoir construction. This finding was in stark contrast to the high degree of continuity for both species between reference tributaries in a natural river setting. Results from mtDNA revealed no significant genetic structure within reservoir‐fragmented or non‐fragmented groups, indicating a lack of historical genetic structure (i.e. prior to reservoir construction). Microsatellite‐based estimates of genetic diversity and migration were differentially affected in the two species, indicating that stream fishes with relatively high dispersal abilities may be equally or more susceptible to reservoir fragmentation when compared to species with relatively low dispersal abilities.

Collectively, our data revealed that riverine impoundment and reservoir‐induced habitat fragmentation adversely affect genetic characteristics in small‐stream‐inhabiting fishes. This is of particular interest in biodiversity hotspots such as the south‐eastern United States where hydroelectric and recreational reservoirs restrict connectivity in aquatic systems.
The relation between invertebrate drift and two primary controls, discharge and benthic densities, in a large regulated river
Authors: Kennedy Theodore A. , Yackulic Charles B. , Cross Wyatt F. , Grams Paul E. , Yard Michael D. , Copp Adam J. 
Published: December 2013

Summary

Invertebrate drift is a fundamental process in streams and rivers. Studies from laboratory experiments and small streams have identified numerous extrinsic (e.g. discharge, light intensity, water quality) and intrinsic factors (invertebrate life stage, benthic density, behaviour) that govern invertebrate drift concentrations (# m−3), but the factors that govern invertebrate drift in larger rivers remain poorly understood. For example, while large increases or decreases in discharge can lead to large increases in invertebrate drift, the role of smaller, incremental changes in discharge is poorly described. In addition, while we might expect invertebrate drift concentrations to be proportional to benthic densities (# m−2), the benthic–drift relation has not been rigorously evaluated.

Here, we develop a framework for modelling invertebrate drift that is derived from sediment transport studies. We use this framework to guide the analysis of high‐resolution data sets of benthic density and drift concentration for four important invertebrate taxa from the Colorado River downstream of Glen Canyon Dam (mean daily discharge 325 m3 s−1) that were collected over 18 months and include multiple observations within days. Ramping of regulated flows on this river segment provides an experimental treatment that is repeated daily and allowed us to describe the functional relations between invertebrate drift and two primary controls, discharge and benthic densities.

Twofold daily variation in discharge resulted in a >10‐fold increase in drift concentrations of benthic invertebrates associated with pools and detritus (i.e. Gammarus lacustris and Potamopyrgus antipodarum). In contrast, drift concentrations of sessile blackfly larvae (Simuliium arcticum), which are associated with high‐velocity cobble microhabitats, decreased by over 80% as discharge doubled. Drift concentrations of Chironomidae increased proportional to discharge.

Drift of all four taxa was positively related to benthic density. Drift concentrations of Gammarus, Potamopyrgus and Chironomidae were proportional to benthic density. Drift concentrations of Simulium were positively related to benthic density, but the benthic–drift relation was less than proportional (i.e. a doubling of benthic density only led to a 40% increase in drift concentrations).

Our study demonstrates that invertebrate drift concentrations in the Colorado River are jointly controlled by discharge and benthic densities, but these controls operate at different timescales. Twofold daily variation in discharge associated with hydropeaking was the primary control on within‐day variation in invertebrate drift concentrations. In contrast, benthic density, which varied 10‐ to 1000‐fold among sampling dates, depending on the taxa, was the primary control on invertebrate drift concentrations over longer timescales (weeks to months).