bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Phototransistor Array Enhanced by Coupling the Piezo‐Phototronic Effect and the Flexoelectric Effect for Strain/Optical Sensing and Imaging
Authors: Wang Yitong , Li Fangpei , Peng Wenbo , Xie Wanli , Zhao Xiaolong , He Yongning 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe piezo‐phototronic effect is widely used to regulate the interface of multilayer structures to tune the transportation of carriers by mechanical strain‐induced piezoelectric polarization charges. Besides, such modulation of the interface can also be achieved by the flexoelectric polarization charges induced by the mechanical strain gradients. Therefore, it is expected these two kinds of polarization charges can cooperate. In this work, a flexible phototransistor array based on n‐AZO/p‐Si/n‐ZnO structure is successfully demonstrated. The piezoelectric and flexoelectric polarization charges generated at the interfaces of the collector junction and the emitter junction, combined with the natural hole barrier at the emitter‐based interface, leads to the excellent performance of phototransistor for the ultraviolet (UV) –near infrared (NIR) range. Moreover, strain/optical imaging based on the flexible phototransistor array under different wavelengths of light is systematically investigated. The physical mechanism of the coupling between piezo‐phototronic and flexoelectric effects is further studied by analyzing the energy band and found to be attributed to the improvement of the emission efficiency and base transport efficiency. This work not only proposes a high‐performance flexible phototransistor array but also provides a new methodology to effectively modulate the interface by coupling the piezo‐phototronic effect and the flexoelectric effect.
Self‐Healing Optical Structures for Light‐Trapping in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wan Guanxiang , Alvianto Ezra , Guo Hongchen , Wang Xi , Shin Young‐Eun , Liang Fang‐Cheng , Hou Yi , Tee Benjamin C. K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSelf‐healing transparent polymers are advantageous for various optoelectronic devices to improve resilience and durability. However, most of these materials have been applied only as flat films and do not address the need for optical structures that can manipulate light. Here optical microstructures embossed on a self‐healing polyurea film are presented which can autonomously recover from damage in ambient conditions. The polyurea film have a high optical transmittance above 90% and haze below 1.3%, and Young's modulus of 3.4 MPa. When applied as a protective light‐trapping layer for perovskite solar cells, the champion device shows improved short circuit current density from 23.7 to 25.0 mA·cm−2, and power conversion efficiency from 21.5% to 23.0%. Furthermore, the solar cell with the light‐trapping layer has improved impact resistance and can recover its performance after being scratched. It is envisioned that self‐healing optical structures can be realized for different geometries and materials in a range of optoelectronic applications to produce resilient and durable devices.
Substrate‐Free Terahertz Metamaterial Sensors With Customizable Configuration and High Performance
Authors: Lin Tingling , Zeng Qiuming , Huang Yi , Zhong Shuncong , Shi Tingting , Zhong Yujie , Sun Fuwei , Zhang Qiukun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetamaterials based on quasi‐bound states in the continuum (qBICs) with manipulable resonance quality (Q) factors have provided a standout platform for cutting‐edge terahertz (THz) sensing applications. However, most so far have been implemented as conventional metal patch structures with adjacent substrate layers, incurring the limitation of insufficient light‐matter interaction due to substrate effects. Here, qBIC‐driven metamaterials with substrate‐free metallic aperture structures for tailoring light‐matter interactions and exhibiting near‐ideal sensing performance is introduced. Specifically, it is incorporated ultrafast femtosecond laser processing technology to fabricate H‐type metallic aperture metamaterials with accessible high‐contrast Q factor resonances allowed by in‐plane symmetry breaking. Correspondingly, stronger light field energies are applied to the interactions due to completely eliminating the confinement of the substrate effect, enabling experimental sensitivity of up to 0.86 THz RIU−1 for the qBIC resonance, 1.9 times that of the conventional dipole resonance. Moreover, a high Q qBIC resonance achieved by optimized asymmetry parameter is exploited for detecting ultrathin layers of L‐proline molecules as low as 0.87 nmol. It is envisioned that this approach will deliver insights for real‐time, precise, and high‐performance detection of trace biomolecules, and open new perspectives for realizing ideal performance metadevices.
Pursuing Reliability and Sensitivity of Pr3+ Fluorescence Temperature Sensing: Through the Lens of Excitation Strategy
Authors: Han Yingdong , Zhang Xingxing , Gao Xiaoqing , Wang Xiaohong , Ma Yu , Wu Liwei , Cui Jiao , Song Feng , Wei Tong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite the remarkable luminescent properties and temperature sensing capabilities of lanthanide materials, their photothermal effect in practical temperature measurement systems presents a major challenge to sensing reliability. Herein, taking Pr3+ as a typical exemplar, the influence of excitation wavelength and excitation approach on temperature sensing is systematically examined. The pulsed laser excitation method is identified as an efficient tactic to restrain the self‐heating of luminescence materials. In accordance with this principle, it is discovered that diverse excitation wavelengths give rise to alterations in the internal energy transport channels and further impact the temperature sensing performance. The 980 nm pulsed laser can result in the non‐thermal coupling occupying states of 3P0/3P1, which are recognized as thermal coupling energy levels in the conventional concept, and yield a relative sensitivity (Sr) performance more than three times superior to that of down‐shifting‐based sensing. The work provides a comprehensive analytical solution for achieving highly sensitive and stable temperature sensing based on excitation wavelength and working mode strategies.
Impacts of the Lattice Strain on Light Emission in Layered Perovskite Thin flakes
Authors: Zhang Zhonglong , Zhou Runhui , Li Meili , Zhang Yan‐Fang , Mo Yepei , Yu Yang , Xu Zhangsheng , Sun Boning , Wu Wenqiang , Lu Qiuchun , Lu Nan , Xie Jin , Mo Xiaoming , Du Shixuan , Pan Caofeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStrain engineering, as a non‐chemical tuning knob, can enhance the performance of semiconductor devices. Here, an efficient manipulation of light emission is revealed in thin‐layered 2D perovskite strongly correlated to layer numbers of [PbI6]4− octahedron (n) and [C6H5(CH2)2NH3]2(CH3NH3)n‐1PbnI3n+1 (N) by applying uniaxial strains (ɛ) via bending the flexible substrate. As <n> increases from 1 to 3, an efficient light emission redshift (ɛ from −0.97% to 0.97%) is observed from bandgap shrinkage, and the shrinkage rate increases from 1.97 to 10.38 meV/%, which is attributed to the predominant uniaxial intralayer deformation due to the anisotropy of the [PbI6]4− octahedron lattice strain. Conversely, as <N> increases from 7 to 48 for n = 3, the deformation related to bandgap shrinkage rate is more prominent in small‐N flakes (<N> ≈ 7, 15.2 meV/%) but is easily offset in large‐N flakes (<N> ≈ 48, 7.7 meV/%). This anisotropic lattice deformation, meanwhile, inevitably modulates the carrier recombination dynamics of [C6H5(CH2)2NH3]2(CH3NH3)n‐1PbnI3n+1, which is essential for the development of highly efficient photoelectronic devices.
Synergetic Carbonyl and Heptagonal Structure for Single‐Molecule White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Dual Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Yang Guo‐Xi , Chen Zijian , Yang Zhihai , Liu Denghui , Jiang Simin , Li Deli , Hu Juntao , Li Mengke , Su Shi‐Jian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecently, an ever‐growing interest has been paid on organic single‐molecule white light‐emitting materials for effective white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs). However, subject to Kasha's rule, photons can only be emitted from the lowest excited state and thus panchromatic or dual emissions are extremely forbidden, which results in a certain challenge in achieving white emission. Herein, a strategy of synergetic carbonyl and heptagonal structure is proposed for organic single‐molecule white light emission and demonstrated by TAO/TABO/TA2O organic luminescent materials that are modified on aryl ketones/amine fragments. Among them, due to the robust intermolecular interactions triggered by synergetic carbonyl and heptagonal structure, TA2O exhibits vibrant monomer and dimer photoluminescence with dual thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics. As a result, the first single‐molecule dual‐TADF WOLED based on the synergetic system is successfully fabricated with an external quantum efficiency of 7.2%. This study not only expands the scope of carbonyl and heptagonal structure for novel optoelectronic properties and applications but also opens new avenues for the development of efficient single‐molecule WOLEDs with dual TADF mechanisms.
Perspectives and Energy Applications of Magnetocaloric, Pyromagnetic, Electrocaloric, and Pyroelectric Materials
Authors: Klinar Katja , Law Jia Yan , Franco Victorino , Moya Xavier , Kitanovski Andrej 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis perspective provides an overview of the state of research and innovation in the areas of magnetocaloric and pyromagnetic materials, and electrocaloric and pyroelectric materials, including the overlapping sub‐areas of multicaloric and multipyro materials that can operate simultaneously under the application of magnetic and electric fields. These materials are critically examined for their potential to revolutionize cooling, heating, and energy‐harvesting applications. This perspective first summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art advancements and highlights recent significant developments. Then, it is identified and discussed that the prevailing challenges hindering the widespread adoption of technologies based on these materials. In this context, after consulting with members of the caloric and pyro communities, a technology roadmap is outlined to guide research efforts in overcoming current barriers to applications, with the goal of achieving impactful results by 2040. This roadmap emphasizes the importance of focusing on under‐researched materials, novel devices, and application spaces, paving the way for interdisciplinary efforts that can lead to significant reductions in carbon dioxide emissions.
Iron Single Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis: Toward Carbon Free Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Nittoor‐Veedu Radhika , Ju Xiaohui , Pumera Martin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAmmonia plays a pivotal role globally, profoundly impacting human activities, especially in agriculture, chemical production, and the textile sector. As the most efficient carbon‐free hydrogen carrier, ammonia is vital for transporting energy over long distances. Haber‐Bosch process producing ammonia from nitrogen accounts for ≈2% of global energy production. Electrochemical conversion offers a sustainable, long‐term solution for ammonia synthesis due to its environmentally friendly characteristics. This approach complements the traditional Haber‐Bosch process, known for its harsh operational conditions and significant CO2 emissions. Iron (Fe), serving as the active catalytic site in the Haber‐Bosch process and a vital nitrogenase component for biological nitrogen fixation, exhibits superiority over other non‐noble metals in catalyzing ammonia synthesis. Therefore, investigating single‐atom Fe is attracting significant attention for its potential application in electrochemical ammonia synthesis. In this review, the recent advancements in the design and synthesis of single‐atom Fe‐based catalysts for electrochemical ammonia production are summarized. The topic of synthesis and characterization of Fe single‐atom catalysts, as well as their application in the electrochemical reduction of nitrogen and nitrate to ammonia is covered. Additionally, insights are provided into the current challenges and considerations for future directions aimed at designing efficiently Fe single atom‐based catalysts.
Suppressed Degradation Process of Green‐Solvent Based Organic Solar Cells Through ZnO Modification With Sulfhydryl Derivatives
Authors: Li Zerui , Li Yunan , Zhang Jinsheng , Guo Renjun , Sun Kun , Jiang Xiongzhuo , Wang Peixi , Tu Suo , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Li Zhiyun , Ma Chang‐Qi , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe interface of organic solar cells plays a crucial role in device performance and stability. Several investigations demonstrated that the interface will affect the morphology and microstructure of the active layer, which is important for device performance. Here, several mercaptan derivatives are explored in green‐solvent based organic solar cells (PBDB‐TF‐T1: BTP‐4F‐12) as effective stabilization modifiers on ZnO. Operando grazing‐incidence wide/small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS/GISAXS) provides a deep understanding of the degradation process during operation. The degradation process is driven by a compression of the molecule stacking as well as a decrease in the donor crystallinity, besides the known decomposition of the acceptor at the interface. Solar cell degradation comprises three stages, where an unexpected component from the acceptor appears in the second stage, simultaneously with a shapely shrinking micro‐structure. Furthermore, the interface modifier pentaerythritol tetrakis(3‐mercapto‐propionate) (PETMP) stabilizes the crystallinity of the donor as well as suppresses the decomposition of the acceptor, thus improving the device stability. The modification effect is caused by the interaction between Zn and S from the sulfhydryl groups of the mercaptan derivatives. Thus, studies of changes in the active layer morphology extend the knowledge from ex situ characterizations, broadening the understanding of the degradation mechanisms.
Thermal Annealing Effects on Long‐Lived Fluorenol Room Temperature Phosphorescence for Styrene Detection
Authors: Hou Hui , Wang Hao , He Meiyi , Li Qiankun , Wang Xiaojuan , Guo Fengling , Chen Qingao , Qu Lunjun , Yang Chaolong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFluorene derivatives have been widely developed in OLEDs because of its efficient fluorescence quantum efficiency, but for which unique rigid biphenyl planar structure and large conjugated system, we hypothesize that they have a great potential for room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) applications, and confirmed this conjecture by subjecting polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and phosphors to thermal annealing. The cross‐linked structure formed during thermal annealing judiciously modulates the phosphorescence emission characteristics of the fluorenol with the synergistic interaction between PVA and fluorenol. Specifically, the lifetime exhibited a substantial increase from 1352.2 ms to 2874.1 ms, accompanied by a quantum yield augmentation from 4.8 % to 11.3 %, which substantiate that cross‐linked induced by thermal annealing effectively amplifies the phosphorescent intensity and stability of the phosphors, facilitating ultralong phosphorescent emission at ambient conditions. Furthermore, an effective probe based on this film is developed for its highly sensitive, quantitative and immediate detection of volatile organic compounds. This investigation not only proffers a novel paradigm for the development of advanced RTP materials but also imparts insightful considerations for optimizing the performance of polymers in conjunction with functional materials, encompassing bioimaging, sensing, and optoelectronic devices.
Nonflammable Fluorinated Electrolyte Realizing High Voltage Anode‐Free Zn Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Kang , Liu Gaohong , Zhu Xiao , Liu Gaopan , Yu Xiaomeng , Guo Ziyang , Wang Yonggang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to the low decomposition potential of H2O and its corrosive effect to Zn foil, the Zn metal battery with aqueous electrolytes operates within a narrow electrochemical window and exhibits low anode utilization ratio. Fluorinated carbonate ester, exhibiting low highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, is suitable for constructing high‐voltage batteries, yet its application in Zn metal battery has been scarcely explored. Herein, we propose an electrolyte based on fluorinated solvents and ethoxy (pentafluoro) cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) additive, which exhibits a high decomposition voltage of 2.75 V in Zn batteries. The fluorinated carbonate esters possess non‐flammability and exhibit reduced solvation capacity which in turn promotes the incorporation of anions into Zn2+ solvation shell. Consequently, an anion‐derived interface layer is formed on Zn anode, aiding the compact and planar growth of deposited Zn. Therefore, the Zn//Zn cell exhibits an impressive Zn utilization of 91 % for 140 h, a level seldom reported previously. Benefitting from the oxidation resistant solvents and cathode‐electrolyte interface layer formed by PFPN additive, the Zn//graphite dual‐ions battery shows an extended cycling life of 1000 cycles. Furthermore, an anode‐free cell was constructed and stably operated for 100 cycles, with a notably high average discharge midpoint voltage of 1.84 V.
Triazine‐Based Large‐Sized Single‐Crystalline Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hou Jiaheng , Liu Hui , Gao Meng , Pan Qingyan , Zhao Yingjie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA large‐sized single crystalline 2D COFs with excellent crystallinity and stability was prepared through the traditional thermal solvent method. The electrochemical performance can be significantly enhanced using a straightforward hybrid approach that involves in situ growth of the 2D COFs on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Both the advantages of COFs and CNTs are mutually enhanced. The single‐crystalline feature of the obtained COFs improves the structural integrity and brings excellent chemical and electrochemical stabilities for lithium‐ion battery applications. The resultant COF‐CNT core–shell hybrids greatly improved the conductivity and demonstrated excellent lithium‐ion storage performance with a high capacity of 228 mAh g−1 (0.2 A g−1).
Surface Reaction Induced Compressive Strain for Stable Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jiang Ying , Sun Xiangnan , Liu Tianjun , Zhang Wei , Xu Peng , Li Bowen , Zhao Xiaoming , Guo Wanlin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCesium‐based inorganic perovskites have emerged as promising light‐harvesting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their promising thermal‐ and photo‐stability. However, obstacles to commercialization remain regarding their phase instability. In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to regulate the surface compressive strain via in situ surface reaction to stabilize CsPbI3 perovskite. The use of a chelating ligand with a molecular configuration closely matching the integer multiples of the unit cell lattice parameters of CsPbI3 induces compressive strain at the surface of CsPbI3. The chemical bonding and strain modulation synergistically not only passivate film defects, but also inhibit perovskite phase degradation, thus significantly improving the intrinsic stability of inorganic perovskite. Consequently, enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.0 % and 18.6 % were respectively achieved in 0.16‐cm2 lab‐scale devices and 25.3‐cm2 solar modules. Further, surface reaction enables PSCs with enhanced thermal and operational stability; these devices retain over 95 % of their initial PCE after damp‐heat tests (i.e., in 85 °C and 85 % R. H. air) for 2000 h, and remain 99 % of their initial PCE after operating for 2000 h, representing one of the most stable inorganic PSCs reported so far.
Eliminating Hydrogen Fluoride through Piperidine‐Doped Separators for Stable Li Metal Batteries with Nickel‐Rich Cathodes
Authors: Ding Luoyi , Chen Yuanmao , Sheng Yeliang , Yue Xinyang , Liang Zheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydrofluoric acid (HF)‐induced electrode and interfacial structure degeneration poses a significant challenge for high‐voltage lithium metal batteries (LMBs). To address this issue, we propose a separator strategy that involves decorating a regular polyethylene (PE) separator with molecular sieves (TW) impregnated with piperidine (PI). The porous structure of the TW serves as a reaction chamber for PI and HF. As a result, the HF content in the controlled electrolyte with 500 ppm H2O (ELE‐500) is notably reduced when using TW@PI‐PE separators, thereby shielding nickel‐rich cathodes from HF etching. Simultaneously, due to the hydrolysis of Li salts, and the inertness of PI towards H2O, a uniform lithium fluoride (LiF)‐rich solid electrolyte interphase can form on the Li metal anode, further mitigating dendrite formation. The lifespan of the symmetric Li cell using the TW@PI‐PE separator is doubled in ELE‐500, exhibiting stable 500‐hour cycles at 3 mA cm−2 and 3 mAh cm−2. Additionally, with the effective limitation of transition metal (TM) dissolution, the 4.6‐V LMBs employing a LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode maintain an 81 % capacity retention over 100 cycles, even in ELE‐1000. The innovative TW@PI system presented here offers a fresh perspective for future research aimed at eliminating HF in LMBs.
Carbenoids with Sulfinate as Nucleofuge for Matteson‐Type Homologation: Direct Insertion of Oxygen‐ and Nitrogen‐Substituted Units into Carbon‐Boron Bonds
Authors: Liu Qianyi , Dong Guangbin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbenoid insertion into boronate carbon‐boron bonds, namely the Matteson‐type homologation, has been recognized as a powerful tool for constructing carbon‐carbon bonds. However, some limitations and inconvenience still exist with the carbenoids currently employed, such as the use of highly cryogenic and basic conditions. Herein, we report a new class of stable carbenoids with sulfinate as nucleofuge for Matteson‐type homologations, which directly introduce O‐ and N‐substituted methylenes into carbon‐boron bonds. Enabled by oxazaborolidines as the boronic substrates, the reaction is operatable at 0 °C or room temperature with weaker bases. Broad functional groups, including acidic C−H bonds, can be tolerated. The synthetic utility of this method has been demonstrated in the gram‐scale synthesis and iterative insertion of various carbenoids.
Synthesis and Solvent Free DLP 3D Printing of Degradable Poly(Allyl Glycidyl Ether Succinate)
Authors: Segal Maddison I. , Bahnick Alexander J. , Judge Nicola G. , Becker Matthew L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigital light processing (DLP) printing forms solid constructs from fluidic resins by photochemically crosslinking polymeric resins with reactive functional groups. DLP is used widely due to its efficient, high‐resolution printing, but its use and translational potential has been limited in some applications as state‐of‐the‐art resins experience unpredictable and anisotropic part shrinkage due to the use of solvent needed to reduce resin viscosity and layer dependent crosslinking. Herein, poly(allyl glycidyl ether succinate) (PAGES), a low viscosity, degradable polyester, was synthesized by ring opening copolymerization and used in combination with degradable thiol crosslinkers to afford a solvent free resin that can be utilized in DLP printing. Varying resin formulations of PAGES polymer are shown to decrease part shrinkage from 14 % to 0.3 %. Photochemically printed parts fabricated from PAGES possess tensile moduli between 0.43 and 6.18 MPa and degradation profiles are shown to vary between 12 and 40 days under accelerated conditions based on degree of polymerization and crosslink ratio.