bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell-type specific requirements for thiol/disulfide exchange during HIV-1 entry and infection
Authors: Stantchev Tzanko S , Paciga Mark , Lankford Carla R , Schwartzkopff Franziska , Broder Christopher C , Clouse Kathleen A 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
The role of disulfide bond remodeling in HIV-1 infection is well described, but the process still remains incompletely characterized. At present, the data have been predominantly obtained using established cell lines and/or CXCR4-tropic laboratory-adapted virus strains. There is also ambiguity about which disulfide isomerases/ reductases play a major role in HIV-1 entry, as protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and/or thioredoxin (Trx) have emerged as the two enzymes most often implicated in this process.

Results
We have extended our previous findings and those of others by focusing on CCR5-using HIV-1 strains and their natural targets - primary human macrophages and CD4+ T lymphocytes. We found that the nonspecific thiol/disulfide exchange inhibitor, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), significantly reduced HIV-1 entry and infection in cell lines, human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), and also phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Subsequent studies were performed using specific anti-PDI or Trx monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in HIV-1 envelope pseudotyped and wild type (wt) virus infection systems. Although human donor-to-donor variability was observed as expected, Trx appeared to play a greater role than PDI in HIV-1 infection of MDM. In contrast, PDI, but not Trx, was predominantly involved in HIV-1 entry and infection of the CD4+/CCR5+ T cell line, PM-1, and PHA-stimulated primary human T lymphocytes. Intriguingly, both PDI and Trx were present on the surface of MDM, PM-1 and PHA-stimulated CD4+ T cells. However, considerably lower levels of Trx were detected on freshly isolated CD4+ lymphocytes, compared to PHA-stimulated cells.

Conclusions
Our findings clearly demonstrate the role of thiol/disulfide exchange in HIV-1 entry in primary T lymphocytes and MDM. They also establish a cell-type specificity regarding the involvement of particular disulfide isomerases/reductases in this process and may provide an explanation for differences among previously published studies. More importantly, from an in vivo perspective, the preferential utilization of PDI may be relevant to the HIV-1 entry and establishment of virus reservoirs in resting CD4+ cells, while the elevated levels of Trx reported in the chronic stages of HIV-1 infection may facilitate the virus entry in macrophages and help to sustain high viremia during the decline of T lymphocytes.
Red blood cell distribution width and iron deficiency anemia among pregnant Sudanese women
Authors: Abdelrahman Esam G , Gasim Gasim I , Musa Imad R , Elbashir Leana M , Adam Ishag 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundIron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a major health problem during pregnancy and it has adverse effects on the mother and the newborn. Red cell distribution width (RDW), which is a quantitative measure for red cell size variation (anisocytosis), is a predictor of IDA. Little is known regarding RDW and IDA during pregnancy.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted at the antenatal clinic of Khartoum Hospital, Sudan, to determine the performance of RDW in the diagnosis of IDA using serum ferritin as a gold standard.ResultsAmong 194 pregnant women with a gestational period of 21.4 ± 6.5 weeks, 57 (29.4%) had IDA according to serum ferritin levels (<15 μg/l) and 61 (31.4%) had IDA according to RDW (>14.5). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of RDW where serum ferritin was the gold standard were 43.8% (95% CI: 31.4–57.0%), 73.7% (95% CI: 65.8–80.5%), 41.0% (95% CI: 29.2–53.6%), and 76.0% (95% CI: 68.1–82.6%), respectively.ConclusionsIn this study, we found that RDW has a poor performance in diagnosing IDA among pregnant women compared with serum ferritin as the gold standard.Virtual slidesThe virtual slides for this article can be found here:http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1721072967826303
Sudden death as presenting symptom caused by cardiac primary multicentric left ventricle rhabdomyoma, in an 11-month-old baby. An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Neri Margherita , Di Donato Sabina , Maglietta Rocco , Pomara Cristoforo , Riezzo Irene , Turillazzi Emanuela , Fineschi Vittorio 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This case report describes a sudden cardiac death in an apparent healthy 11-month-old infant caused by a multifocal cardiac rhabdomyoma. Parents reported that a few days before the child had fallen to the ground getting a little superficial injury to the scalp. The authors hypothesize that it may have been a transient loss of consciousness episode caused by the cardiac tumour. After the gross examination, histological investigation supported by immunohistochemical analysis using antibody anti- Myoglobin, Actin, Vimentin, Desmin, CD34, S-100, Ki-67 was carried out for the diagnosis. Death was attributed to a multifocal cardiac rhabdomyoma, a benign tumour of striated muscle, which has been completely asymptomatic. In particular, one mass filled the entire posterior wall of the left ventricle. The insidious development of benign cardiac tumours also in infants and children is outlined, focusing on the responsible mechanisms of sudden death in such cases and providing a reference for additional study on these subjects.

Virtual slides

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:

http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/7163626988365078
Whole-body gene expression pattern registration in Platynereis larvae
Authors: Asadulina Albina , Panzera Aurora , Verasztó Csaba , Liebig Christian , Jékely Gáspár 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Digital anatomical atlases are increasingly used in order to depict different gene expression patterns and neuronal morphologies within a standardized reference template. In evo-devo, a discipline in which the comparison of gene expression patterns is a widely used approach, such standardized anatomical atlases would allow a more rigorous assessment of the conservation of and changes in gene expression patterns during micro- and macroevolutionary time scales. Due to its small size and invariant early development, the annelid Platynereis dumerilii is particularly well suited for such studies. Recently a reference template with registered gene expression patterns has been generated for the anterior part (episphere) of the Platynereis trochophore larva and used for the detailed study of neuronal development.

Results
Here we introduce and evaluate a method for whole-body gene expression pattern registration for Platynereis trochophore and nectochaete larvae based on whole-mount in situ hybridization, confocal microscopy, and image registration. We achieved high-resolution whole-body scanning using the mounting medium 2,2’-thiodiethanol (TDE), which allows the matching of the refractive index of the sample to that of glass and immersion oil thereby reducing spherical aberration and improving depth penetration. This approach allowed us to scan entire whole-mount larvae stained with nitroblue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate (NBT/BCIP) in situ hybridization and counterstained fluorescently with an acetylated-tubulin antibody and the nuclear stain 4’6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Due to the submicron isotropic voxel size whole-mount larvae could be scanned in any orientation. Based on the whole-body scans, we generated four different reference templates by the iterative registration and averaging of 40 individual image stacks using either the acetylated-tubulin or the nuclear-stain signal for each developmental stage. We then registered to these templates the expression patterns of cell-type specific genes. In order to evaluate the gene expression pattern registration, we analyzed the absolute deviation of cell-center positions. Both the acetylated-tubulin- and the nuclear-stain-based templates allowed near-cellular-resolution gene expression registration. Nuclear-stain-based templates often performed significantly better than acetylated-tubulin-based templates. We provide detailed guidelines and scripts for the use and further expansion of the Platynereis gene expression atlas.

Conclusions
We established whole-body reference templates for the generation of gene expression atlases for Platynereis trochophore and nectochaete larvae. We anticipate that nuclear-staining-based image registration will be applicable for whole-body alignment of the embryonic and larval stages of other organisms in a similar size range.
Role of the Prescribing Observatory for Mental Health
Authors: Barnes Thomas R. E. , Paton Carol 
Published: December 2012

SummaryPositive change in prescribing practice in psychiatric services can be achieved with participation in the UK Prescribing Observatory for Mental Health (POMH-UK) quality improvement programmes. Key elements are feedback of benchmarked performance for local clinical reflection and customised change interventions informed by the national audit findings and parallel qualitative work. However, progress is gradual and gains generally modest.
Best interests provisions in the UK Mental Capacity Act 2005
Authors: Aribisala Olufunso B. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe Mental Capacity Act 2005 is a critical statute law for psychiatrists in England and Wales. Its best interests provision is fundamental to substitute decision-making for incapacitated adults. It prescribes a process of and gives structure to substitute decision-making. The participation of the incapacitated adult must be encouraged where practicable. In addition to this, ‘the best interests checklist’ must be applied in every case before a practitioner can arrive at a reasonable belief that the action or decision taken on behalf of an incapacitated adult is in his best interests. Most commentators have shown goodwill towards the workings of the Act and want it to succeed.
Heat Capacity, Excess Molar Volumes and Viscosity Deviation of Binary Systems of N-octylisoquinolinium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}imide Ionic Liquid
Authors: Domanska Urszula , Zawadzki Maciej , Krolikowski Marek 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Heat capacities were determined for two binary systems {N-octylisoquinolinium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl} imide, ([C8iQuin][NTf2]) + benzene, or butan-1-ol} from (288.15 to 388.15) K. Density and viscosity were determined for four binary mixtures containing {[C8iQuin][NTf2]) + benzene, or toluene, or thiophene or pyridine} at six temperatures (298.15, 308.15, 318.15, 328.15, 338.15 and 348.15) K, ambient pressure, and covering the entire composition range. The influence of temperature and composition was discussed. As usually the heat capacity increases with an increase of the ionic liquid concentration. The molar heat capacities, densities and viscosities were correlated with suitable equations. The excess molar heat capacities, Δ C
p, the excess molar volumes, V
m
E and dynamic viscosity deviations, Δη were described by the Redlich–Kister polynomial expansion. The Δ C
p was negative for benzene and S-shaped for butan-1-ol, the V
m
E and Δη were low and negative. From the experimental values, the volume expansivity and the excess volume expansivity was calculated. The obtained results indicate that ionic liquid interactions with aromatic hydrocarbons are strong dependent on the packing effects and π–π interactions.
Properties of water-soluble carboxymethyl chitosan film modified by hydrophobic poly(propylene glycol)
Authors: Zhu Guo-Quan , Wang Fa-Gang , Liu Yu-Ying , Gao Qiao-Chun 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA series of water-soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) blend films with various CMCS/PPG mole ratios were prepared by the solution casting method. Morphology of the CMCS/PPG blend films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties of the CMCS/PPG blend films were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile tests, and contact angle tests. It was found that the introduction of PPG can markedly affect the morphology and the properties of CMCS films.
Thin mesoporous polyaniline films manifesting a water-promoted photovoltaic effect
Authors: Gospodinova Natalia , Tomšík Elena , Romanova Julia 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPhotovoltaic cells composed of thin mesoporous polyaniline films sandwiched between an indium-tin oxide anode and aluminium cathode have been fabricated. The cells show an increase in the photo-generated open-circuit voltage (V oc) from 0.2 V to 0.6 V and stable-in-time V oc generation following the addition of water containing highly hydrated ions, e.g. tap water.We explain the waterpromoted photo-voltaic effect by the polarity of the water environment. Theoretical calculations show that increasing the solvent polarity increases the energy of the electronic transition related to the measured V oc. The stable-in-time V oc generation could be explained by the increase in the lifetime of the excitons as well as by their more efficient dissociation in the interpenetrating network of polyaniline and water. The penetration of water into the mesoporous polyaniline films is promoted by the presence of highly hydrated ions.
Nachhaltige Land- und Forstwirtschaft im Berggebiet: das Forschungsprojekt «Mountland»
Authors: Huber Robert , Walz Ariane , Rigling Andreas 
Published: December 2012

Sustainable agriculture and forestry in mountain regions: the “Mountland” project
Future climate and land-use changes are key challenges to maintain forest ecosystem goods and services especially in mountain regions. In this context, the goal of the “Mountland” project was to investigate the sensitivity of the provision of mountain ecosystem services to both climatic and land-use changes, and to suggest policies and governance structures for mitigating the impact of such changes and enhancing sustainable management practices in mountain regions. An integrative approach was applied in the project, combining methods from economics and the political and natural sciences. This introductory article of the present special issue illustrates the conceptual framework, presents the case study regions and the overall research questions of the project. This forms the basis for the five articles of this special issue which summarize the research with respect to forest ecosystems and policy.
Effect of Occlusion Amblyopia After Prescribed Full-Time Occlusion on Long-Term Visual Acuity Outcomes
Authors: Longmuir Susannah , Pfeifer Wanda , Scott William , Olson Richard 
Published: December 2012

Purpose:
To investigate the incidence and characteristics of occlusion amblyopia with prescribed full-time patching and determine its effect on long-term visual acuity outcomes.

Methods:
The records of patients younger than 10 years diagnosed as having amblyopia between 1970 and 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were prescribed full-time occlusion and observed until completion of therapy.

Results:

Of 597 patients treated for amblyopia by full-time patching, 115 were diagnosed as having occlusion amblyopia (19.3%). Seventy-five percent (86 of 115) developed occlusion amblyopia during the first episode of full-time patching. Occlusion amblyopia occurred more frequently in children prescribed full-time patching at an earlier age (
P
= .0002), with an odds ratio of 8.56 (95% confidence interval: 2.73, 26.84) in children younger than 36 months and 2.66 (95% confidence interval: 0.96, 7.37) in children between 36 and 59 months old. Seven of the patients with occlusion amblyopia did not reverse fixation and continued to fixate with the initially amblyopic eye after treatment. Final visual acuity in these eyes with occlusion amblyopia was 20/30 or better. After cessation of treatment, the final interocular difference in visual acuity was less in patients with a history of occlusion amblyopia (
P
= .003).

Conclusion:
Occlusion amblyopia occurred at all ages, but the incidence decreased with increasing age. Patients who developed occlusion amblyopia with prescribed full-time occlusion had less interocular visual acuity difference than patients who did not, suggesting that development of occlusion amblyopia can indicate the potential for the development of better vision in the originally amblyopic eye.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50:94–101.]
Educação, escola e ambiente urbano
Authors: De Carvalho Silva Cleonice 
Published: December 2012

Entrevistada: Cleonice de Carvalho Silva (Professora na Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre)Entrevistador: Leandro Belinaso Guimarães (Professor da UFSC)Entrevista realizada por e-mail, em outubro de 2011.
Silicon Nanofibrils on a Flexible Current Collector for Bendable Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Choi Jae‐Yong , Lee Dong Jin , Lee Yong Min , Lee Young‐Gi , Kim Kwang Man , Park Jung‐Ki , Cho Kuk Young 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA high‐energy‐capacity, flexible lithium‐ion battery is fabricated using a new nanofibril‐structured silicon anode on a flexible current collector. Silicon is known to be the highest capacity anode material. However, its huge volume changes during the lithium insertion and extraction results in pulverization, which is the cause of the rapid capacity fade that occurs as the charge‐discharge cycles progress. Nanostructured silicon can overcome this pulverization problem. A flexible current collector with high electric conductivity is prepared by a RF‐magnetron sputtering of a thin copper layer (<1 μm) onto a porous polymeric membrane. This provides not only flexibility of the electrode but also a template for simple fabrication of nanostructured silicon. Cells using the new, flexible current collector and corresponding silicon nanofibril‐structured anode exhibit energy capacities over 2000 mAh g−1 during 30 charge‐discharge cycles at C/2. In addition, the coulombic efficiency remains over 99% after the third cycle. These results demonstrate the potential of the new anode for use in commercial high‐capacity, flexible lithium‐ion batteries.
Assessment of commercial and recreational fishing effects on trophic interactions in the Cap Roux area (north‐western Mediterranean)
Authors: Seytre Catherine , Vanderklift Mathew A. , Bodilis Pascaline , Cottalorda Jean‐Michel , Gratiot Julien , Francour Patrice 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Assessing both direct and indirect effects of fishing, i.e. effects extending to two or more trophic levels, is becoming a key issue in restoration ecology. The present study compared the Cap Roux no‐take area (NW Mediterranean) with the surrounding non‐protected areas.
Direct effects of fishing were investigated using experimental net fishing and underwater visual census (UVC) specifically to survey species targeted by commercial fishing and angling. Indirect effects of fishing were deduced from predation and density of sea urchins.
Observations showed higher biomass and abundance (from catch rates) inside the MPA and differences in size composition (from UVC). The effect of protection from fishing was rapid, with differences apparent within 5 years of protection, and was most evident for highly targeted fish.
Rates of predation on two species of sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula) were dependent on protection level and season. This pattern was consistent with the presence of large Diplodus spp., known sea urchin predators, observed inside the reserve only in winter. However, the density of the sea urchins did not differ between the MPA and adjacent fished areas.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of (−)‐Bengamide E
Authors: Metri Prashant K. , Schiess Raphael , Prasad Kavirayani R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTotal synthesis of the polyhydroxy caprolactam amide natural product, bengamide E, is accomplished starting from tartaric acid. Key reactions in the synthesis include desymmetrization of the bis(dimethylamide) unit of tartaric acid, Zn(BH4)2‐mediated anti‐selective reduction, and a Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination.
A Theoretical Study on the Mechanism of Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution on BiVO4 in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yang Jingxiu , Wang Donge , Zhou Xin , Li Can 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is regarded as one of the key issues in achieving efficient photocatalytic water splitting. Monoclinic scheelite BiVO4 is a visible‐light‐responsive semiconductor which has proved to be effective for oxygen evolution. Recently, the synthesis of a series of monoclinic BiVO4 single crystals was reported, and it was found that the (010), (110), and (011) facets are highly exposed and that the photocatalytic O2 evolution activity depends on the degree of exposure of the (010) facets. To explore the properties of and photocatalytic water oxidation reaction on different facets, DFT calculations were performed to investigate the geometric structure, optical properties, electronic structure, water adsorption, and the whole OER free‐energy profiles on BiVO4 (010) and (011) facets. The calculated results suggest both favorable and unfavorable factors for OER on the (010) and the (011) facets. Due to the combined effects of the above‐mentioned factors, different facets exhibit quite different photocatalytic activities.
Radical‐Functionalised Gel: A Building‐Block Strategy for Magnetochiral Assembly
Authors: Mannini Matteo , Cicchi Stefano , Berti Debora , Caneschi Andrea , Brandi Alberto , Lascialfari Luisa , Sorace Lorenzo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA chiral organogelating scaffold is functionalised with a stable organic radical pendant. The morphology and spectroscopic properties of the gels are investigated as a function of the organogelator concentration and temperature. The combination of AFM and ESR spectroscopy provides firm evidence that the architecture responsible for the formation of the macroscopic gel (i.e., the fibrillar structure) is maintained below the gelling concentration. This opens relevant perspectives in terms of the realisation of complex supramolecular chiral structures incorporating paramagnetic functions, and demonstrates that the ESR technique is suitable as a fast and direct check of the sample state (gel, solution, or small aggregates).
Motivational Dynamics Among Eating‐disordered Patients With and Without Nonsuicidal Self‐injury: A Self‐Determination Theory Approach
Authors: Vansteenkiste Maarten , Claes Laurence , Soenens Bart , Verstuyf Joke 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe presence of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) in eating‐disordered (ED) patients is considered a complicating factor in treatment with a possibly adverse influence on patients' motivation to change. Using Self‐Determination Theory as a guiding framework, we compared ED patients with and without NSSI in terms of their well‐being and their motives to undertake psychotherapeutic change.MethodData were collected in a sample of 95 ED patients, including 37 patients displaying at least some type of NSSI.ResultsPatients with NSSI, relative to those without, felt more externally pressured to undertake change and reported lower overall well‐being. Mean level differences in well‐being between both patient groups were fully accounted for by patients' externally pressuring motives for pursuing change.DiscussionIn ED patients with NSSI, there is an important link between their more externally driven motivation to change and their lowered psychological well‐being. It is discussed how clinicians can approach these patients to pursue change. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.