bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terson syndrome in association with sub-arachnoid hemorrhage: a case report
Authors: Phuyal Prakash , Chhetri Suchit Thapa , Khanal Deepa , Phuyal Subash , Paudel Sushanta , Hamal Dipson , Regmi Bishal 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Terson syndrome is characterized by intraocular hemorrhage, which includes retinal, subretinal, subhyaloid, and vitreous hemorrhages, typically associated with sub-arachnoid, intracerebral, and traumatic brain injuries. The incidence of Terson syndrome varies significantly, ranging from 10 to 40% following sub-arachnoid hemorrhage.

Case presentation:
A 48-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a loss of consciousness for 1 h, 8 h prior to presentation, accompanied by teeth clenching, upward rolling of eyes, and frothing from the mouth. A non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the head revealed sub-arachnoid hemorrhage. Two days post-admission, the patient experienced decreased vision. Visual acuity tests showed significant impairment, and fundus examination revealed vitreous hemorrhage in both eyes. Digital subtraction angiography identified an aneurysm in the V4 segment of the left vertebral artery. Following flow diverter placement, the patient’s visual acuity improved and normalized after 21 days.

Discussion:
Terson syndrome is often linked with sub-arachnoid hemorrhage due to elevated intracranial pressure. It frequently occurs with aneurysms of the anterior communicating or internal carotid arteries. Diagnosis is often delayed until after patient stabilization. Ophthalmic evaluations, such as fundoscopic examinations and ocular ultrasonography, are crucial for early detection. The presence of Terson Syndrome correlates with higher mortality rates in SAH patients. While spontaneous resolution of intraocular hemorrhage is common, some cases necessitate surgical intervention for quicker recovery.

Conclusion:
Comprehensive ophthalmic assessments in sub-arachnoid hemorrhage patients are essential for early detection and intervention, potentially preventing long-term visual impairment.
Viral diarrheas – newer advances in diagnosis and management
Authors: Acevedo-Rodriguez J. Gonzalo , Contreras Carmen A. , Ochoa Theresa J. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
Viruses are the most common etiological agents of diarrhea in children. Despite rotavirus vaccine introduction, rotavirus remains as the leading cause of death globally, followed by norovirus, which represents a diagnostic challenge. Here, we describe new advances in the diagnosis and management of viral diarrheas.

Recent findings
Although immunoassays are widely used for their fast turnaround time and low cost, molecular techniques have become the most reliable diagnostic method due to their high sensitivity and capacity to analyze multiple pathogens in gastrointestinal panels. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification assays (LAMP and RPA) are promising techniques since they do not require sophisticated equipment and can be used as point-of-care testing. CRISPR/Cas nucleic acid detection systems are new diagnostic methods with great potential. Several recent published articles describe the role of human intestinal enteroids to characterize norovirus infection, to test new drugs, and for vaccine development. The interaction between the human gut microbiota and gastrointestinal viral infections has been extensively reviewed and offers some innovative mechanisms for therapeutic and preventive measures.

Summary
Although important advances have been made, more research is needed to address remaining challenges and further improve diagnostic capabilities and better management strategies for this critical infectious disease.
The Relationship Between Craniocervical Morphology and the Presence and Level of Cervical Facet Joint Degeneration
Authors: Torun Ebru , Yuksel Yavuz 
Published: August 2024

Objective
To investigate the relationship between craniocervical morphology and the presence and level of cervical facet joint degeneration (FJD).

Methods
A total of 108 consecutive female patients aged 45–55 years who had undergone neck + brain CT angiography were included in this retrospective sectional study. Only patients of a certain age and of the same gender were included in order to eliminate the differences that create a disposition to the development of spinal degeneration. The presence of facet joint (FJ) arthritis (grade ≥2 degeneration in at least one affected facet joint) and the grade of the facet joint degeneration for each patient were recorded. A total of 20 lengths and 3 angles of craniocervical morphology were measured. The differences between the individuals with and without FJ arthritis were investigated with the independent-sample t test, and the relationship between the FJD grade and craniocervical morphology was investigated using the Spearman correlation test.

Results
Individuals with FJ arthritis were found to have longer Grabb-Oakes measurement, shorter FM AP length, lower ADI, lower EOP thickness, higher clivus length, higher crista gall–ATS distance, lower CCA angle, lower distance between the C1 vertebra lateral masses, and higher BAI than those without FJ arthritis (P ˂ 0.05). Besides, we found that the FJD grade increased as the Grabb-Oakes measurement increased, ADI distance decreased, FM AP length decreased, EOP thickness decreased, clivus length increased, basal angle increased, distance between the C1 vertebra lateral masses decreased, and BAI increased (P ˂ 0.05).

Conclusions
Differences in craniocervical morphology are statistically associated with degenerative processes that result in degenerative changes in the facet joint. Therefore, some morphological changes in craniocervical anatomy cause changes in the momentum and distribution of the load on the facet joints, predisposing the patient to facet arthropathy and osteoarthritis.
Analysis of anticoagulant use in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion across nine Chinese cities (2016–2021)
Authors: Pang Xiao-Ying , Wang Xian-Li 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
In this study, we aimed to identify trends in anticoagulant usage among patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), assess the appropriateness of these prescriptions, and provide recommendations for future clinical practice.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed outpatient prescription data for patients with RSA from nine Chinese cities—Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Harbin, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang, Tianjin, and Zhengzhou—over the period 2016 to 2021.

Results:
A total of 10,293 outpatient prescriptions were reviewed. The number of prescriptions increased annually until peaking in 2019, after which a gradual decline was observed. From 2019 to 2021, enoxaparin was the most frequently prescribed anticoagulant. Among the eight anticoagulants analyzed, enoxaparin had the highest total prescription volume and defined daily doses (DDDs), followed by dalteparin, nadroparin, and fondaparinux. The proportion of fondaparinux prescriptions rose annually, and while its defined daily cost (DDC) was consistently the highest, there was a downward trend in value. The economic benefits of most anticoagulants were aligned with their social benefits. Although the percentage of prescriptions with inappropriate indications decreased each year, it remained high at 69%.

Conclusion:
Enoxaparin emerged as the predominant anticoagulant for RSA treatment in the nine cities studied. Fondaparinux usage increased in clinical practice, with a decreasing trend in DDC values. The alignment of economic and societal benefits indicates good cost-effectiveness. However, there remains a need to further improve the appropriateness of prescription indications.
Immediate intratesticular injection of circulating blood serum-derived exosomes may alleviate orchitis caused by cisplatin
Authors: Hemmatabadi Fuzieh Khani , Partovyan Marya , Chavoshinezhad Negin , Keivan Mona , Dadfar Reza , Moradi Maryamneghari Shima , Mansouri Torghabeh Fatemeh 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
Cisplatin (CIS), as a common chemotherapy drug, induces detrimental effects on the testis. Besides, exosomes represent various beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammation and proliferation. In this experimental study, the authors aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of circulating blood serum-derived exosomes on orchitis caused by CIS exposure.

Methods:
Male mice (n=18) were categorized into three main groups: control (no treatment), CIS (mice with orchitis caused by CIS injection), and CIS+Exosome (orchitis-induced animals followed by exosome treatment). Exosomes were extracted from circulating blood, and orchitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CIS (7.5mg/kg/day) for 5 consequence days. A day after the last dose of CIS, the exosome (10IU/20grmice) was injected intratesticularly. After a week, the samples, including blood serum and testis, were gathered. The levels of oxidative stress were assessed using Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) assays. Sperm parameters (morphology, viability, motility, and count), testosterone levels, and inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) gene expression were also evaluated. Histopathological and testicular apoptotic index (AI) were evaluated using H&E and TUNEL stainings, respectively. Finally, data analysis was applied by SPSS (v.19) software, and P<0.05 was considered as a significant level.

Results:
Following CIS administration, the sperm indices and testosterone levels were decreased (P<0.05); besides, NO, MDA, AI, and inflammatory gene expression were increased (P<0.05) in the CIS group compared to control animals. Following the prescription of Exosomes in CIS animals, the sperm indices and testosterone levels were increased (P<0.05), and NO, MDA, AI, and inflammatory genes were decreased (P<0.05). Histopathological assessments also revealed disruption of seminiferous tubules and free from sperms following CIS administration. Also, the histological structure of damaged seminiferous tubules was changed to normal status following Exoxome prescription in CIS-exposure animals.

Conclusion:
Immediate intratesticular injection of blood-derived exosomes can alleviate orchitis CIS-exposed animals through anti-inflammatory features.
Performance and Clinical Impact of Radiomics and 3D-CNN Models for the Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Parkinsonian Syndromes on 18F-FDOPA PET
Authors: Le Thi Khuyen , Comte Victor , Darcourt Jacques , Razzouk-Cadet Micheline , Rollet Anne-Capucine , Orlhac Fanny , Humbert Olivier 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the performance and added clinical value of a semiautomated radiomics model and an automated 3-dimensinal convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) model for diagnosing neurodegenerative parkinsonian syndromes on 18F-FDOPA PET images.

Patients and Methods
This 2-center retrospective study included 687 patients with motor symptoms consistent with parkinsonian syndrome. All patients underwent 18F-FDOPA brain PET scans, acquired on 3 PET systems from 2 different hospitals, and classified as pathological or nonpathological (by an expert nuclear physician). Artificial intelligence models were trained to replicate this medical expert’s classification using 2 pipelines. The radiomics pipeline was semiautomated and involved manually segmenting the bilateral caudate and putamen nuclei; 43 radiomic features were extracted and combined using the support vector machine method. The deep learning pipeline was fully automatic and used a 3D-CNN model. Both models were trained on 417 patients and tested on an internal (n = 100) and an external (n = 170) test set. The final models’ performance was evaluated using balanced accuracy and compared with that of a junior medical expert and nonexpert nuclear physician.

Results
On the internal test set, the 3D-CNN model outperformed the radiomic model with a balanced accuracy of 99% (vs 96%). It led to diagnostic performance similar to that of a junior medical expert (only 1 in 100 patients misclassified by both). On the external test set from a less experienced hospital, the 3D-CNN model allowed physicians to correctly reclassify the diagnosis of 10 out 170 patients (6%).

Conclusions
The developed 3D-CNN model can automatically diagnose neurodegenerative parkinsonian syndromes, also reducing diagnostic errors by 6% in less-experienced hospitals.
Recovery of the Infraorbital Nerve Following Open Reduction and Fixation Surgery of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures—A Prospective Cohort Study Based on Quantitative Sensory Testing
Authors: Wang Xiyue , Kang Yanfeng , Zhang Yi , An Jingang , Chen Shuo , He Yang 
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to assess the sensory function of the infraorbital nerve in patients with fractures of the zygomatic complex who underwent open reduction and internal fixation at different time points using quantitative sensory testing, which was established by the German Neuropathic Pain Research Network, comprising a 7-item mechanical and thermal sensory test. A total of 21 patients (age range 17–46 y, 14 males) with unilateral zygomatic complex fractures were included. Quantitative sensory testing was conducted before the operation and at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months operatively, with cold detection threshold, warmth detection threshold, cold pain threshold, heat pain threshold, mechanical detection threshold, mechanical pain threshold, pressure pain threshold, and vibration detection threshold being measured in bilateral infraorbital regions. Notable changes in sensitivity were observed in all values except for the mechanical pain threshold. In the majority of patients with zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, infraorbital hypoesthesia was significantly improved within 3 months postoperatively, and almost complete recovery could be achieved by 6 months postoperatively.
Sex-specific behavioral and thalamo-accumbal circuit adaptations after oxycodone abstinence
Authors: Alonso-Caraballo Y. , Li Y. , Constantino N.J. , Neal M.A. , Driscoll G.S. , Mavrikaki M. , Bolshakov V.Y. , Chartoff E.H 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOpioid use disorder is marked by a progressive change in the motivation to administer the drug even in the presence of negative consequences. After long periods of abstinence, the urge to return to taking the drug intensifies over time, known as incubation of craving. Conditioned responses to drug-related stimuli, can acquire motivational properties and exert control over motivated behaviors leading to relapse. Although, preclinical data suggest that the behavioral expression of opioid use is similar between male and female rodents, we do not have conclusive results on sex differences on craving and relapse across abstinence periods. Here, we investigated the effects of abstinence from oxycodone self-administration on neurotransmission in the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) to nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) pathway in male and female rats. Using optogenetics andex vivoelectrophysiology, we assessed synaptic strength and glutamate release probability in this pathway, as well as NAcSh medium spiny neurons (MSN) intrinsic excitability, in slices from rats which were subjected to either 1 (acute) or 14 (prolonged) days of forced abstinence after self-administration. Our results revealed no sex differences in oxycodone self-administration or somatic withdrawal symptoms following acute abstinence. However, we found a sex-specific enhancement in cue-induced relapse after prolonged, but not acute, abstinence from oxycodone self-administration, with females exhibiting higher relapse rates. Notably, prolonged abstinence led to similar increases in synaptic strength at PVT-NAcSh inputs compared to saline controls in both sexes, which was not observed after acute abstinence. Thus, prolonged abstinence results in a time-dependent increase in PVT-NAcSh synaptic strength and sex-specific effects on cue-induced relapse rates. These findings suggest that prolonged abstinence leads to significant synaptic changes, contributing to heightened relapse vulnerability, highlighting the need for targeted therapeutic strategies in opioid use disorder.
Co-activation of LIN28A and CTNNB1 disturbs cortical neuronal migration and pia mater integrity
Authors: Navolić Jelena , Hawass Sara , Moritz Manuela , Hahn Jan , Middelkamp Maximilian , Gocke Antonia , Dottermusch Matthias , Schumann Yannis , Ruck Lisa , Krisp Christoph , Godbole Shweta , Sumislawski Piotr , Schlüter Hartmut , Neumann Julia E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDevelopmental signalling pathways act in stage and tissue dependent relation and mis-activation can drive tumour formation. The RNA-binding protein LIN28A maintains stemness and is overexpressed in embryonal brain tumours. Activating mutations ofCTNNB1- the WNT pathway effector - have been reported in respective brain tumours. The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay of these oncogenic proteins during embryonal brain development.The combination of both oncogenic factors did not lead to brain tumour formation but resulted in disturbed lamination and impaired cell migration in the cerebral cortex. Spatially resolved proteome analysis revealed imbalances of the extracellular matrix protein LAMB1 and its receptors RPSA and ITGB1 accompanied by a porous pial border and overmigration of neural cells. Cajal-Retzius cells were misplaced in deeper cortex regions without affecting general REELIN levels and additional reduced levels of α-DYSTROGLYCAN.Taken together, the interplay of LIN28A and CTNNB1 resulted in a cortical migration disorder showing histomorphological and molecular similarities to human Cobblestone lissencephaly (type 2), highlighting novel implications of the oncogene LIN28A in extracellular matrix integrity.
Rapamycin Reduces Arterial Mineral Density and Promotes Beneficial Vascular Remodeling in a Murine Model of Severe Medial Arterial Calcification
Authors: Behzadi Parya , Cuevas Rolando A. , Crane Alex , Wendling Andrew A , Chu Claire C. , Moorhead William J , Wong Ryan , Brown Mark , Tamakloe Joshua , Suresh Swathi , Salehi Payam , Jaffe Iris Z. , Kuipers Allison L. , Lukashova Lyudmila , Verdelis Konstantinos , St. Hilaire Cynthia 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPeripheral artery disease (PAD) is the narrowing of the arteries that carry blood to the lower extremities. PAD has been traditionally associated with atherosclerosis. However, recent studies have found that medial arterial calcification (MAC) is the primary cause of chronic limb ischemia below the knee. MAC involves calcification of the elastic fibers surrounding smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in arteries. Matrix GLA protein (MGP) inhibits vascular calcification by binding circulating calcium and preventing hydroxyapatite crystal deposition, while also modulating osteogenic signaling by blocking BMP-2 activation of RUNX2.Mgp−/−mice develop severe MAC and die around 8 weeks after birth due to aortic rupture or heart failure. We previously discovered a rare genetic disease Arterial Calcification due to Deficiency in CD73 (ACDC) in which patients present with extensive MAC in their lower extremity arteries. Using a patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell model we found that rapamycin inhibited calcification. Here we investigated whether rapamycin could reduce MAC in vivo using theMgp−/−murine model.Mgp+/+andMgp−/−mice received 5mg/kg rapamycin or vehicle. Calcification content was assessed via microCT, and vascular morphology and extracellular matrix content assessed histologically. Immunostaining and western blot analysis were used to examine SMC phenotype and extracellular matrix content. Rapamycin prolongedMgp−/−mice lifespan, decreased mineral density in the arteries, maintained SMC contractile phenotype, and improved vessel structure, however, calcification volume was unchanged.Mgp−/−mice with SMC-specific deletion of Raptor or Rictor, did not recapitulate treatment with rapamycin. These findings suggest rapamycin promotes beneficial vascular remodeling in vessels with MAC.
Systems-level reconstruction of kinase phosphosignaling networks regulating endothelial barrier integrity using temporal data
Authors: Wei Ling , Aitchison John D. , Kaushansky Alexis , Mast Fred D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhosphosignaling networks control cellular processes. We built kinase-mediated regulatory networks elicited by thrombin stimulation of brain endothelial cells using two computational strategies: Temporal Pathway Synthesizer (TPS), which uses phosphoproteomics data as input, and Temporally REsolved KInase Network Generation (TREKING), which uses kinase inhibitor screens. TPS and TREKING predicted overlapping barrier-regulatory kinases connected with unique network topology. Each strategy effectively describes regulatory signaling networks and is broadly applicable across biological systems.
Light quality affects chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthetic performance in Antarctic Chlamydomonas
Authors: Poirier Mackenzie C. , Fugard Kassandra , Cvetkovska Marina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe perennially ice-covered Lake Bonney in Antarctica has been deemed a natural laboratory for studying life at the extreme. Photosynthetic algae dominate the lake food webs and are adapted to a multitude of extreme conditions including perpetual shading even at the height of the austral summer. Here we examine how the unique light environment in Lake Bonney influences the physiology of twoChlamydomonasspecies.Chlamydomonas priscuiiis found exclusively in the deep photic zone where is receives very low light levels biased in the blue part of the spectrum (400-500 nm). In contrast,Chlamydomonassp. ICE-MDV is represented at various depths within the water column (including the bright surface waters), and it receives a broad range of light levels and spectral wavelengths. The close phylogenetic relationship and psychrophilic character of both species makes them an ideal system to study the effects of light quality and quantity on chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthetic performance in extreme conditions. We show that the shade-adaptedC. priscuiiexhibits a decreased ability to accumulate chlorophyll and severe photoinhibition when grown under red light compared to blue light. These effects are particularly pronounced under red light of higher intensity, suggesting a loss of capability to acclimate to varied light conditions. In contrast, ICE-MDV has retained the ability to synthesize chlorophyll and maintain photosynthetic efficiency under a broader range of light conditions. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms of photosynthesis under extreme conditions, and have implications on algal survival in changing conditions of Antarctic ice-covered lakes.