bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cluster dynamics modeling of hydrogen retention and desorption in tungsten with saturation and multi-trapping effect of sinks
Authors: Chen Xiaoru , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wei Liuming , Zheng Qirong , Zhang Chuanguo , Li Yonggang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen (H) retention and desorption in tungsten (W)-based plasma-facing materials are still not well understood, largely due to the limitations of ex-situ observations in experimental detection methods like thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). In order to reveal the fundamental mechanisms behind H retention and desorption, we developed a cluster dynamics model, IRadMat-TDS, for theoretical modeling of depth distribution and TDS of deuterium (D) in polycrystalline W. The model newly includes the saturated absorption and emission of D in inherent sinks like grain boundaries (GBs), as well as the multi-trapping effect of D in various types of GBs with different trapping energies. The simulated TDS spectra are in agreement with experimental ones. For polycrystalline W under D ion irradiation within keV-energy range, two typical thermal desorption peaks in TDS at around 490 and 550 K are explicitly attributed to D emission from GBs and vacancies, respectively. And GBs play a major role in D retention. Moreover, the broad peaks in TDS come from the convolution of multi-trapping of D in sinks with different types of trapping sites rather than a single-site approximation.
Structural design of the acrylic vessel for the Jinping Neutrino Experiment
Authors: Wang Zongyi , Liu Yuhao , Chen Shaomin , Wang Yuanqing , Wang Zhe , Huang Ming 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Jinping neutrino experiment is designed to have multiple
purposes in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. Following the
acrylic vessel design requirements proposal, a structural scheme has
been developed and optimized. Subsequently, the stability of the
acrylic shell structure is calculated using finite element
analysis, as well as the load-bearing capacities under various
working conditions. Further, the effects of temperature changes,
rope failures, and Young's modulus of the ropes on the static
behavior of the structure are analyzed. The results indicated that
the stress level and structural displacement of the structure scheme
satisfy the design requirements, as well as the stability of the
vessel under compression. The acrylic vessel is safe in the given
working conditions. Temperature is not a controlling factor in
structural design. The structural scheme ensures basic safety if one
vertical rope, two vertical ropes, or one horizontal rope fails.
Development of indigenous pulse-shape discrimination algorithm for organic scintillation detectors
Authors: Karmakar Annesha , Anil Kumar G. , Bhavika  , Anand V. , Pal Anikesh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this study, we present the development of an indigenous
pulse shape discrimination (PSD) algorithm grounded in tail area and
total area analysis, effectively obviating the necessity for
specialized programmable hardware. Pulse data was collected
utilizing a BC501 detector paired with a Pu-Be source and digitized
in oscilloscope mode during experiments conducted at IIT-Kanpur. The
algorithm developed in this work encompasses essential functions
such as pulse normalization, shaping, peak identification and
removal, and threshold determination. Notably, the algorithm offers
the capability to derive neutron and γ-ray counts, generate
scatter plots, and calculate the figure-of-Merit (FoM). It is
essential to emphasize that the development of this indigenous
Tail-to-Total Area (TtoT) PSD algorithm was a direct response to the
unavailability of dedicated hardware for PSD in the experiment
conducted at IIT-Kanpur. The introduction of the TtoT algorithm
played a pivotal role in enabling offline PSD analysis at
IIT-Kanpur, effectively overcoming infrastructure limitations.
Importantly, the efficacy of our proposed algorithm was tested by
applying it to pulse data from a distinct source-detector
arrangement featuring a BC501A detector and an Cf-252 source. This
comparative analysis also included the Charge Integration (CI)
method and was conducted at IIT-Roorkee. The results obtained from
our algorithm and the CI method exhibited a strong concurrence
concerning the identification of neutrons and γ-rays, along
with FoM metrics.
Asynchrony of the seasonal dynamics of gross primary production and ecosystem respiration
Authors: Yang Linqing , Noormets Asko 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The phenological cycles of terrestrial ecosystems have shifted with the changing climate, and the altered timings of biogeochemical fluxes may also exert feedback on the climate system. As regulators of land carbon balance, relative shifts in photosynthetic and respiratory phenology under climate change are of great importance. However, the relative seasonal dynamics of these individual processes and their sensitivity to climate factors as well as the implications for carbon cycling are not well understood. In this study, we examined the relationship in the seasonality of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (RE) as well as their temperature sensitivities and the implications for carbon uptake with around 1500 site-years’ of data from FLUXNET 2015 and Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS) at 212 sites. The results showed that RE started earlier in the spring and ended later in the autumn than GPP over most biomes. Furthermore, the flux phenology metrics responded differently to temperature: GPP phenology was more sensitive to changes during the spring temperature than RE phenology, and less sensitive to autumn temperature than RE. We found large BEPS-observation discrepancies in seasonality metrics and their apparent temperature sensitivity. The site-based BEPS projections did not capture the observed seasonal metrics and temperature sensitivities in either GPP or RE seasonality metrics. Improved understanding of the asynchrony of GPP and RE as well as different sensitivity of environmental factors are of great significance for reliable future carbon balance projections.
Assessing the nonlinearity of wintertime PM2.5 formation in response to precursor emission changes in North China with the adjoint method
Authors: Lu Ni , Zhang Lin , Wang Xiaolin , Liu Zehui , Li Danyang , Xu Jiayu , Tan Haiyue , Zhou Mi , Henze Daven K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
While China’s clean air actions implemented since 2013 have been effective in mitigating PM2.5 air pollution, the large emission reductions during the COVID-19 lockdown period in early 2020 did not similarly alleviate PM2.5 pollution in North China, reflecting a distinct nonlinear chemical response of PM2.5 formation to emission changes. Here we apply emission-concentration relationships for PM2.5 diagnosed using the adjoint approach to quantitatively assess how chemical nonlinearity affects PM2.5 over Beijing in February 2020 in response to two emission reduction scenarios: the COVID-19 lockdown and 2013–2017 emission controls. We find that, in the absence of chemical nonlinearity, the COVID-19 lockdown would decrease PM2.5 in Beijing by 17.9 μg m–3, and the 2013–2017 emission controls resulted in a larger decrease of 54.2 μg m–3 because of greater reductions of SO2 and primary aerosol emissions. Chemical nonlinearity offset the decrease for Beijing PM2.5 by 3.4 μg m–3 during the lockdown due to enhanced sensitivity of aerosol nitrate to NO
x
emissions, but enhanced the efficiency of 2013–2017 emission controls by 11.9 μg m–3 due to the weakened heterogeneous reaction of sulfate. Such nonlinear chemical effects are important to estimate and consider when designing or assessing air pollution control strategies.
Can the court bridge the gap? Public perception of economic vs. generational inequalities in climate change mitigation policies
Authors: Schönhage Nanna Lauritz , Wieland Theresa , Bellani Luna , Spilker Gabriele 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Climate change and most climate policies affect and reinforce different forms of inequalities. For instance, climate change policies that aim to change consumer behavior by increasing the price tag of goods and services that cause carbon emissions often carry a disproportionately higher burden (in terms of financial cost) to those with lower incomes. They can thereby either exacerbate existing income inequalities or contribute to generating new ones. Meanwhile, refraining from engaging with climate mitigation policies will incur other detrimental societal costs: the financial burden and the harmful consequences of climate change that future generations will have to bear if nothing is done. In this paper, we examine how the immediate economic inequality citizens face from climate mitigation policies (regarding carbon taxation) weighs against the long-term generational inequalities future generations will experience. We study how both types of inequality relate to policy support for climate change mitigation policies in the context of Germany. The German case is of special interest because a recent court ruling of the Federal Constitutional Court allows us to test whether making people aware of a new legal reality can bridge the gap between the economic and generational inequality. Our findings using a between-subjects survey experiment fielded among German citizens (N = 6,319) in 2022 show that immediate economic concerns trump future generational concerns, generally making citizens less supportive of the policy. This negative support is however somewhat mitigated by the supportive signal from the court ruling.
Comparison of the vs30 model and site class based on MASW, microtremor and N-SPT data in the Opak River Basin
Authors: Budi Wibowo Nugroho , Faisal Fathani Teuku , Pramumijoyo Subagyo , Indah Marliyani Gayatri 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The utilization of vs30
data offers numerous applications within the geotechnical field, with one of its primary applications being the determination of site class and the microzonation of site class. vs30
data can be acquired through various methods, including Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW), microtremor measurements, and N-SPT data. This study seeks to compare vs30
data and site class criteria based on measurements obtained from MASW, microtremor, and N-SPT data in the Opak River Basin. For the vs30
data analysis, a total of 27 data points from MASW and microtremor measurements, along with 3 data points from N-SPT measurements, were employed. These measurements were conducted across various geological formations, encompassing the young volcanic deposits of Merapi Volcano, alluvial deposits, and the Nglanggran, Sentolo, Wonosari, and Semilir Formations. It is worth noting that all N-SPT data were specifically collected within the young volcanic deposits of the Merapi Volcano Formation. The results of this analysis revealed vs30
values ranging from 159 to 192 m/s for MASW measurements, 156 to 789 m/s for microtremor measurements, and 241 to 249 m/s for N-SPT measurements. In accordance with the SNI 1726-2019 site class criteria, the site classes determined based on vs30
values from MASW and microtremor data included rock (SB), very dense soil (SC), stiff soil (SD) and soft soil (SE), while the site class based on vs30
N-SPT data fell under the stiff soil (SD) criteria. The correlation between vs30
values obtained from MASW and microtremor measurements yielded a strong correlation coefficient (r) of 0.98, and the correlation between vs30
values from MASW and N-SPT measurements demonstrated a very strong correlation coefficient (r) of 0.99.
Numerical Modelling of the Potential Hazard Due to Future Flores Back Arc Thrust Earthquake Generated Tsunami
Authors: Wahyudi  , Sofia S , Armono H D , Mulyadi Y , Sambodho K , Silvianita  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Indonesia is situated at the conjunction of four major plates: Eurasia, India-Australia, the Pacific, and the Philippine Sea. Therefore, Indonesia is exposed to a considerable threat from natural hazards every day. Tectonic-related marine geohazards, particularly earthquakes-generated tsunamis periodically affect Indonesia, causing great loss of life and extensive damage to property and infrastructure in coastal areas. Many studies on tsunami modeling have been addressed in western Indonesia. In eastern Indonesia tsunamis, however, are even more frequent in occurrence and may be more hazardous, there is a lack of study and less attention. The Flores Back Arc Thrust (FBAT) is an active fault that lies on the sea floor of the Flores Sea in the north of Flores Island, extending from north of Bali to the east that may be connected to the Wetar thrust at the north of Wetar Island in the western Banda Sea. The FBAT is a source of seismicity in this area. From 1900 to 2022, there were 79 earthquakes with a magnitude of more than 6.0 Mw, and 11 of them generated tsunamis, and the most devastating one was the 1992 Flores earthquake tsunami. This study presents an estimated FBAT-induced future earthquake-generated tsunami runup based on numerical modeling.
Evaluation Of The Impact Of Liquefaction Potential On The Construction Of The Solo - Yogyakarta - NYIA Kulon Toll Road
Authors: Wicaksono A , Hardiyatmo H C , Satyarno I 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Solo - Yogyakarta - NYIA Kulon Progo Toll Road is one of the projects that aims to improve road network connectivity between Central Java and Yogyakarta. Liquefaction occurred in Yogyakarta after the 2006 earthquake, characterized by sand boiling and lateral spreading. This research was conducted to analyze the potential of liquefaction and evaluate the impacts that occur after liquefaction. The analysis of liquefaction potential uses the method developed by Idriss and Boulanger (2008), the maximum peak ground acceleration value using the earthquake return period of 100 years, 250 years, 1000 years, 2500 years, 5000 years, and 10000 years. Post-liquefaction analyses were conducted by calculating ground settlement developed by Yoshimine et al. (2006) and lateral displacement designed by Zhang (2004). The effect of liquefaction on bored pile foundations was assessed by comparing conditions without liquefaction and with liquefaction. The analysis showed 13 potential liquefaction borehole points with low - high liquefaction susceptibility levels. Post-liquefaction analysis shows that liquefaction can cause 0 cm - 27.32 cm settlement and lateral displacement of 0 cm - 199.24 cm.
Time Histories Finite Element Modelling for Irrigation Canal Stability Analysis under the Effects of Liquefaction in the Sibowi Sigi Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Pucangan A , Rifa’i A , Rahardjo A P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Gumbasa irrigation canals are one of the water resource infrastructures damaged by the 7.5 Mw Palu-Donggala Earthquake in 2018. Canal reconstruction was performed to restore the function of the irrigation network, supllying a potential area of 8000 ha. Main canal construction is known to pass through areas with liquefaction vulnerability, and seismic factors also play a role in the stability of construction. This study discusses the stability of construction under the influence of earthquake loads on the Gumbasa irrigation main canal in the Sibowi area, Tanambulava district, Sigi Regency. The irrigation main canals are built in a landfill on a subbase soil with the potential for liquefaction. Numerical simulations were carried out using the finite element method under two conditions, namely static and dynamic conditions on soil parameters obtained from the Standard Penetration Test (N-SPT) data obtained previously. Based on the analysis results, depths of 6.5 m to 9 m have partial potential for liquefaction, with no significant decrease in safety factor (SF). In the static analysis, the SF is 1.65 and 2.13. In the dynamic analysis, the SF is 1.64 and 2.12. The vertical displacement is minimum 0.03 m and maximum 0.10 m.
Post liquefaction effect on 1 and 2-dimensional model: a case study of Pasigala raw water transmission structure
Authors: Ikhsan M. , Rifai A. , Rahardjo A.P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Liquefaction phenomenon that occurred in Central Sulawesi in September 2018 was triggered by a powerful earthquake that caused extensive destruction and loss of life. Due to its location close to the most active fault in Central Sulawesi, Palu Koro fault, there is still a high probability of recurrence of liquefaction near the area. Ikhsan et al (2023) found that near Sigi regency, certain spots are susceptible to liquefaction occurrence, especially near Maranatha village. This research aims to find the effect after the liquefaction near the Pasigala raw water bridge transmission construction in Sigi Regency if a similar earthquake occurred. It needs to be done because Pasi gala raw water transmission is one of the main raw water supplies to central Sulawesi. Some geotechnical data were carried out in this research such as stratigraphy, SPT, groundwater level, and seismic data. The Post liquefaction analysis was carried out using Idriss and Boulanger (2008) to define one-dimensional settlement potential from the spatial distribution of the liquefaction zone. Numerical models were compared to analyze the settling behavior in a two-dimensional model. The Empirical and Numerical results indicate that the settlement near the abutment’s structure over the 2018 earthquake simulation exceeded the permissible limit of 15 centimeters. This finding may lead to the prediction of damage to the entire structure.
Photogrammetry of airborne image set at high landslide disaster risk region using Meshroom and Blender
Authors: Firdaus A N , Ritonga A R H , Rosandi Y 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We report the application of the photogrammetry method to reconstruct three-dimensional topographic mesh at a high disaster risk region. This work is aimed to identify the landslide potencies of the area by means of slope analysis of the given area around the Bandung Basin rim. Our method proposes a low-cost aerial survey and an effective algorithm in order to map the local landslide tendencies. In order to perform image processing and 3D representation we utilized the photogrammetric pipeline in the Meshroom software. The post-processing of the 3D model was performed using Blender. In this research, we use a commercial camera drone as an image capturing device. As a test case we processed 183 images of an area of 51 m². The image-processing takes about 39 minutes on a 12 cores computer accompanied with a GPU card. From this set of images, we have yielded a three-dimensional slope structure comprising a total of 85,850 mesh nodes. As the result of this research, we propose the optimization of the image set and a list of post processing works of the nodes that can be used in order to characterize landslide disaster risk of the disaster-prone region in a fast and accurate manner.
Rock Mass Quality Type Analysis On The New Kretek Girijati Road Construction Site Based On Reconnaissance Survey
Authors: Sasangka Daru Jaka , Ismanda Yayi , Saputra Bayu Sukarjono Bagus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The research activity was carried out at the location of the national road construction plan for The Kretek-Girijati Road Section. The National Kretek-Girijati Section is in the Nglanggran Formation, which consists of volcanic breccias, agglomerates, tuffs, andesitic-basalt and andesitic lava flows, and the Wonosari Formation, which is dominated by carbonate rocks consisting of layered limestone and massive limestone. This investigation aims to obtain a typical analogy of excavation slopes at road construction sites, making recommendations for additional drilling locations and geophysical surveys for appropriate data by making an engineering geological map. Based on the geological engineering description, the location plan for the construction of The Kretek-Girijati Road Section is dominated by limestone and andesite. The types of limestone rock mass quality consist of Massive limestone (very hard) with good to very good rock mass quality with a GSI value of >80 and Clastic limestone with poor to medium rock quality with a GSI value of 30 – 60. The types of andesite rock mass quality consist of massive andesite (weakly jointed) with good – excellent rock mass quality with an RMR value of 70-80 and moderately fractured andesite with moderate rock mass quality (good 50 – 70).
Investigation of the Extent of Hydrothermal Activities of the Sikidang Crater, Dieng Volcanic Complex (Central Java), Using Geomagnetic Method
Authors: Miftahcahyani N.I. F. , Utami P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Sikidang Crater (± 2000 m asl) is one of the active craters in the Dieng Volcanic Complex (DVC). It is situated on the southeastern flank of Mt. Pangonan. The crater is significant for development of both tourism and energy sectors in Dieng. Thermal manifestations inside the crater which consist of boiling mud pools and pots, hot springs, fumaroles, gas vents, steaming and altered ground make the place a popular tourist attraction. They also serve as windows to the shallow subsurface processes and help better understand the dynamics of the Dieng geothermal system. However, the land use of the crater and its vicinity disregards the fact that the actual extent of the hydrothermal activity of the crater has not been figured out, and that the foci of the thermal fluid discharges in the crater often shift. Some agriculture plots, housing areas, as well as tourism and geothermal infrastructures are located within or near the morphological boundary of the crater. The inherent hydrothermal hazard of the crater therefore, must be well mitigated to minimize the negative impacts to the people, as well as their assets. Our research aims to delineate the lateral and vertical extent of the hydrothermal activity of the crater by geomagnetic method. Geomagnetic anomaly in geothermal field occurs due to the difference in the intensity of hydrothermal alteration of the rocks. The equipment used was a pair of Proton Precision Magnetometers GEOTRON G5. Our result shows that low geomagnetic anomaly (-2200 to -400 nT) correlated with demagnetized, hydrothermally altered andesitic rocks covers an area of ≥ 1.15 km2, i.e., more than seven times larger than the area outlined by morphological boundary of the crater. The anomalous zone extends N/NE - S/SW from beyond the areas of inter-volcanic plain between Pangonan and Igir Binem in the north, to the areas beyond Sikunang and Kendil cones in the south. Below the Sikidang mud pool the demagnetized rock mass reaches a maximum thickness of 2000 m. The supporting data, i.e., the fluctuations of the gas discharge, and the seismicity of the DVC indicate that the recent dynamics of the Sikidang Crater is mostly controlled by the internal processes within the crater.