bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Alloying Elements on the Crevice Corrosion Behavior of Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys
Authors: Ebrahimi N. , Jakupi P. , Noël J.J. , Shoesmith D.W. 
Published: September 2015

The roles of the alloying elements Mo, Cr, and W in resisting crevice corrosion of UNS N06022, UNS N06625, and UNS N10362 have been studied under galvanostatic conditions in 5 mol/L NaCl at 150°C. Corrosion damage patterns were investigated using surface analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and optical imaging, and the corrosion products characterized by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. While the Cr content of the alloy is critical in controlling initiation of crevice corrosion, the rate of activation (passive-to-active transition) is influenced by both the Cr and the Mo (and W) contents. The alloy’s Mo content also determines the distribution of corrosion damage within the crevice. In alloys with high Mo content, corrosion propagates laterally across the surface, while in alloys with low Mo content, it penetrates into the alloy. This can be attributed to the accumulation of molybdates (and tungstates), which stifle alloy dissolution at active sites. Thus, as the Mo content of the alloy increases in the order N06625 (9 wt% Mo) &lt; N06022 (13 wt% Mo [3 wt% W]) &lt; N10362 (22 wt% Mo), the depth of corrosion penetration decreases. In addition, once crevice corrosion initiates and the crevice acidifies, metal oxidation can also couple to proton reduction inside the crevice. The role of internal proton reduction in driving the crevice corrosion of these Ni alloys was found to be quite significant; greater than 50% of the corrosion damage is caused by proton reduction inside the crevice.
Do Soaring Global Oil Prices Heat up the Housing Market? Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Le Thai-Ha 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This study analyses the effects of oil price and macroeconomic shocks on the Malaysian housing market using a SVAR framework. The specification of the baseline model is based on standard economic theory. The Gregory-Hansen (GH) cointegration test reveals that there is no cointegration among the variables of interest. The results obtained from the Toda-Yamamoto (TY) non-Granger causality test show that oil price, labor force and inflation are the leading factors responsible for changes in the Malaysian housing prices. The findings from estimating generalized impulse response functions (IRFs) and variance decompositions (VDCs) indicate that oil price and labor force shocks are responsible for substantial fluctuations in the price of housing in Malaysia.
Nicaragua y las preguntas necesarias. Comentario al libro “Ciudadanía y Violencia: Una aproximación a sus múltiples expresiones en Nicaragua”, de Mario Sánchez, Douglas Castro y Rony Rodríguez
Authors: Cruz José Miguel 
Published: September 2015

La violencia todavía gobierna en Centroamérica. Después de décadas de discriminación social y económica, violencia política, guerras civiles, revoluciones, transiciones políticas, pactos de paz y elecciones, múltiples expresiones de violencia siguen dictando la forma en que los centroamericanos viven, construyen su ciudadanía y ejercen el poder. Laviolencia ya no es prerrogativa exclusiva del Estado, pero el Estado sigue siendoun actor fundamental en su producción y propagación. La violencia ya no ladictan solo los poderosos, pero los poderosos todavía la entienden mejor y la usan más efectivamente. La violencia ya no es el último instrumento de contestación de los marginados. En realidad nunca lo fue. Pero muchos desposeídos siguen interpretando a la violencia como la mejor manera de recuperar el futuro y la dignidad.
Comentario al libro “Luchar por la justicia al viento del espíritu. Autobiografía y esbozo de historia de mi generación”, de Juan Hernández Pico
Authors: Vijil Josefina 
Published: September 2015

Los versos de Celaya convertidos en canción y que Piquito incluyó textualmente en el libro resumen su vida y el quehacer del sector dela Compañía de Jesús en la región de la que también nos habla. “Maldigo la poesía de quien no toma partido hasta mancharse” verbalizan lo que tantas personas sentimos: nuestra ética, nuestros principios exigen un compromiso con diferentes causas, no exento de riesgos: de equivocarnos, de apoyar a quien no debimos, de analizar superficialmenteuna situación, de tomar decisiones incorrectas. Pero el riesgo de “mancharse” no es excusa para no comprometerse.
Hacer el bien: alma en las palabras. Comentario al libro “Luchar por la justicia al viento del espíritu: Autobiografía y esbozo de historia de mi generación”, de Juan Hernández Pico, S.J.
Authors: Rocha Urtecho Luis 
Published: September 2015

El título de esta Presentación Hacer el bien,al igual que el párrafo que la antecede, los tomé del Prólogo que hizo a su libro Juan Hernández Pico,S.J., viejo amigo y jesuita con mayúscula florida, según decía, en casos como éste, el P. Azarías H. Pallais. Lo de alma en las palabras me lo sugirió su citade Javier Melloni: La palabra es el éxtasis del silencio…, que en este 148 aniversario del nacimiento de Rubén Darío me conducea evocar en Prosas Profanas que cada palabra tiene un alma. Verdad aquí cabalmente cumplida, pues recordar habiendo hecho el bien, a pesar de muchos pesares, es amar en la Cumbre de la Memoria, libro del poeta Angel Martínez Baigorri,S.J., sobre el que escribió Ignacio Ellacuría,S.J., mártir de la UCA de El Salvador, y uno de los más entrañables personajes de nuestra historia centroamericana y de este libro, calificando Ignacio a Angel de poeta esencial,como en el fondo siempre lo será el mismo Ellacuría, y también Pico (a quien meva costar, por el cariño que todos le tenemos, no llamar Piquito en este comentario), esencialmente poeta pues pone alma en sus palabras, y que en estas páginas nos recuerda una historia que jamás debe ser olvidada, de hacedores de la historia centroamericana, y de quienes ofrendaron su vida como el más alto de los cantos.
Comentario al libro “Nicaragua: mi lectura de su historia contemporánea” de Onofre Guevara
Authors: López Baltodano Mónica 
Published: September 2015

En casa de mis padres, como seguramente ocurre en otros hogares nicaragüenses, los asuntos políticos del país han sido siempre el pan de cada día.No sé si era una forma inconsciente de hacer que nosotros, sus hijos, nos interesáramos. Pero ellos siempre platicaban en la salao en el comedor, de manera que, aunque no quisiéramos, teníamos de alguna manera que atender lo que decían.Siendo estudiante, algunas veces les escuché decir cosas como éstas: “¿Ya leíste lo que escribió Onofre?.... Mirá, dale una ojeada al artículo de Onofre… yo creo que Onofre exagera…. es que Onofre es bien intransigente con esto de los socialistas…. Es muy importante este trabajo de Onofre. Hay que leer ese libro de Onofre…”.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Onto-Norms and Gender Equality: Unveiling the Invisible Gender Norms in AI Ecosystems in the Context of Africa
Authors: Ndaka Angella K. , Ratemo Harriet A. M. , Oppong Abigail , Majiwa Eucabeth B. O. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Populations are impacted differently by Artificial Intelligence (AI), due to different privileges and missing voices in STEM space. Continuation of biased gender norms is exhibited through data and propagated by the AI algorithmic activity in different sites. Specifically, women of colour continue to be underprivileged in relation to AI innovations. This chapter seeks to engage with invisible and elemental ways in which AI is shaping the lives of women and girls in Africa. Building on Annemarie Mol’s reflections about onto-norms, this chapter utilized informal sessions, participant observation, digital content analysis, and AI model character analysis, to identify the gender norms that shape and are shaped by different AI social actors and algorithms in different social ontologies using Kenya and Ghana as case studies. The study examines how onto-norms propagate certain gender practices in digital spaces through character and the norms of spaces that shape AI design, training and use. Additionally the study explores the different user behaviours and practices regarding whether, how, when, and why different gender groups engage in and with AI-driven spaces. By examining how data and content can knowingly or unknowingly be used to drive certain social norms in the AI ecosystems, this study argues that onto-norms shape how AI engages with the content that relates to women. Onto-norms specifically shape the image, behaviour, and other media, including how gender identities and perspectives are intentionally or otherwise, included, missed, or misrepresented in building and training AI systems. To address these African women related AI biases, we propose a framework for building intentionality within the AI systems, to ensure articulation of women’s original intentions for data, hence the use of personal data to perpetuate further gender biases in AI systems.
Trust Me, I Am an Intelligent and Autonomous System: Trustworthy AI in Africa as Distributed Concern
Authors: Nkwo Makuochi Samuel , Adamu Muhammad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Over the last decade, we’ve witnessed the re-convergence of Human–computer Interaction (HCI) to emerging spaces such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, edge computing and so on. Specific to the agentistic turn in HCI, researchers and practitioners have grappled with the central issues around AI as a research programme or a methodological instrument—from cognitive science emphasis on technical and computational cognitive systems to philosophy and ethics focus on agency, perception, interpretation, action, meaning, and understanding. Even with the proliferation of AI discourses globally, researchers have recognised how the discourse of AI from Africa is undermined. Consequently, researchers interested in HCI and AI in Africa have identified the growing need for exploring the potentials and challenges associated with the design and adoption of AI-mediated technologies in critical sectors of the economy as a matter of socio-technical interest or concern. In this chapter, we consider how the normative framing of AI in Africa—from ethical, responsible, and trustworthy—can be better understood when their subject matters are conceived as a Latourian “Distributed Concern”. Building on Bruno Latour’s analytical framing of “matters of facts” as “matters of concerns”, we argue that operationalising trustworthy AI as a distributed concern—which is ethical, socio-cultural, geo-political, economic, pedagogical, technical, and so on—entails a continual process of reconciling value(s). To highlight the scalable dimension of trustworthiness in AI research and design, we engaged in sustained discursive argumentation in showing how the procedural analysis of trust as a spectrum might explicate the modalities that sustained the normalisation of trustworthy AI as ethical, lawful, or robust.
Pathways to Repair or Remove Lysosomes Damaged by Extracellular Fine Particles
Authors: Kuma Akiko , Yoshimori Tamotsu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Exogenous and endogenous fine particles such as environmental materials (e.g., silica, asbestos, alum), toxic protein aggregates (e.g., α-synuclein, amyloid-β), and endogenous crystals (e.g., cholesterol crystals, uric acid crystals) are internalized into the cell by the endocytic pathway or phagocytosis. Because lysosomes are the terminal compartments of these pathways, lysosomes are known to be damaged by exocytosed extracellular fine particles. Lysosomal membrane damage allows the leakage of the lysosomal contents such as cathepsins, H+, Ca2+, and iron into the cytosol, which is harmful to the cell. Numerous studies have suggested that lysosomal damage is tightly associated with toxicity of exogenous particles, inflammatory responses, and diseases including those involving neurodegeneration. To preserve lysosomal integrity, cells have several mechanisms for the repair or elimination of compromised lysosomes collectively called the “lysosomal damage response”. This review summarizes recent findings on the responses to lysosomal damage, focusing on extracellular fine particles.
Neurodegenerative Disorder and Fine Particulate Matter
Authors: Kawahara Hironori , Hanayama Rikinari 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), diverse membranous vesicles secreted by cells, include microvesicles, exosomes, and other cell-specific types. They efficiently deliver proteins and nucleic acids to distal parts and are implicated in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, long-term exposure to extracellular microparticles, notably particulate matter (PM) 2.5, is suspected to induce neuroinflammation via oxidative stress mechanisms. Production of macrovesicles relies on the ARRDC1 and ARF6/RhoA pathways, whereas exosome production involves both ESCRT-dependent and ESCRT-independent pathways. In neurodegenerative disorders, EVs play various roles: microglia-derived EVs activate endothelial cells and neurons in stroke models, EVs accelerate α-synuclein aggregation and hinder autophagy in Parkinson's disease, patient-derived muscle cell small Extracellular vesicles (sEVs) worsen motor neuron death in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and microglia-derived EVs influence neuronal transmission through the hippocampus, leading to synaptic spine reduction in Alzheimer's disease. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the involvement of EVs in disease onset remain largely unknown, emphasizing the need for further investigations.
Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Analysis Using Nanowires
Authors: Chattrairat Kunanon , Yasui Takao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been considered as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in therapeutic treatments. Although applications of EVs in health care are being started and more are expected, EV studies have not yet provided a deep understanding of EV biogenesis and functions. So, comprehensive study of EVs continues. To gain a better understanding of EVs, the reliable isolation and analysis of EVs are necessary. In addition, the quality and quantity of isolated EVs play a crucial role in EV analysis. Large numbers of studies have been conducted to isolate or analyze EVs with high yield, purity, sensitivity, and selectivity. During the past decade, EV studies have been largely enabled by existing analytical techniques. However, these techniques are still deficient for the isolation of high-yield and high-purity homogeneous EVs and their specific subtypes from complex matrices such as physiological fluids. Nanowires are two-dimensional nanomaterials that have unique properties, such as a high volume-to-surface ratio, a high aspect ratio, and a capacity for integration with microfluidics. Demonstrations of nanowires capturing EVs from various biological samples, such as plasma, serum, and urine, have been made. Additionally, EVs captured on nanowires can be analyzed with their biomolecules, such as miRNAs and membrane proteins, for identification of various diseases. This chapter explores nanowire technology in EV studies, and looks at its challenges and future prospects.
Magnetic Nanoparticles for Diagnostics and Therapy
Authors: Ichiyanagi Yuko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Magnetic materials have long been essential to human life. Nanometer-sized magnetic particles have recently attracted attention for the development of magnetic materials, such as electronic devices, and other fields such as medicine. Here, we introduce the development of nanosized magnetic particles produced using our unique manufacturing method for biomedical applications. We discuss the possibility of cancer thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for therapeutic applications and magnetic resonance imaging for diagnostic applications. We expect a trend toward nano-theranostics in which MNPs can simultaneously be used for treatment and diagnosis.
Engineered and Artificial Exosomes for Non-viral Drug Delivery Nanocarriers
Authors: Maeki Masatoshi , Tokeshi Manabu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter overviews the expanding field of engineered and artificial exosomes as cutting-edge non-viral drug delivery nanoparticles. Exosomes are expected to be natural carriers for drug delivery systems and clinical trials are in progress for several exosome-based nanomedicines. While therapeutic potential of exosomes has been demonstrated, several challenges must be overcome for practical applications including the need for: scalable manufacturing, standardization, and efficient drug loading. To overcome them, various methodologies have been developed for the production of engineered and artificial exosomes through bioengineering and micro/nanobiotechnology, thereby presenting a promising solution to the limitations of natural exosomes. In this chapter, various production methods are discussed, including: top-down, bottom-up, and biohybrid methodologies; drug-loading techniques; and membrane fusion methods for engineered exosome production. Furthermore, this chapter highlights the use of microfluidic devices in the production of artificial exosomes and presents a novel approach for the precise control of particle size and composition. Utilizing nanotechnology, molecular biology, and pharmacology, engineered and artificial exosomes allow the development of novel non-viral drug delivery systems by improving biocompatibility, increasing specificity, and expanding payload capacity.
Toward Digital Bioanalysis of Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Shinoda Hajime , Watanabe Rikiya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A wide array of extracellular vesicles within living organisms plays a crucial role in mediating physiological functions and is involved in significantly to various diseases and viral infections. Understanding the composition of these vesicles is essential to identify disease origins and develop effective diagnostics and therapeutics. However, current technologies typically analyze groups of vesicles together, leading to averaged information that lacks insight into individual vesicle components, such as the number of molecular species and their correlation with diseases. To enhance our understanding of extracellular vesicles, we have developed SATORI, a cutting-edge technology capable of identifying and rapidly detecting RNA from viruses, which are examples of extracellular vesicles, at the single-molecule level. Additionally, we created an automated platform (opn-SATORI) and a portable platform (COWFISH) based on SATORI, which serve as the initial step in clinical applications for the high-throughput diagnosis of viral infections, such as COVID-19. In this chapter, we introduce our latest technology, SATORI, and discuss its future potential for the comprehensive analysis of extracellular vesicles and use in the diagnosis of viral infections.
Membrane Dynamics of Exosomes as Revealed by Single-Molecule Imaging
Authors: Suzuki Kenichi G. N. , Hirosawa Koichiro M. , Isogai Tatsuki , Yasuda Tomokazu , Hanashima Shinya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Exosomes or small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a pivotal role in diverse intercellular communications, notably in the selective metastasis of cancer cells. The membranes of sEVs exhibit abundance in raft-associated molecules such as sphingolipids. A recent elucidation revealed that sEV membranes manifested a composition characterized by the coexistence of raft-like and nonraft-like domains as discerned by the assessment of fluorescence anisotropy and lifetimes. Furthermore, it turned out that sEVs retain some asymmetry in the inner and outer leaflets. In light of the unequivocal heterogeneity inherent in sEVs, it is imperative to meticulously scrutinize the behaviors exhibited by each subtype of sEV particles. This review proposes a strategy to identify the subtypes of sEV, encapsulating extant findings and prospects.
Glycan Remodeling by Small Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Kizuka Yasuhiko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Glycosylation of proteins is a fundamental and frequent process that regulates protein functions and is associated with various diseases. Glycan biosynthesis is catalyzed by sequential actions of many glycosyltransferases in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, but how their intracellular activity is regulated remains largely unresolved. Recently, an increasing number of reports have demonstrated that glycans and related molecules are included in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), and their physiological and pathological roles in sEVs have been actively studied. Furthermore, a few glycosyltransferases, such as GnT-V (MGAT5), have also been demonstrated to be included in sEVs and transferred from cell to cell via incorporation of these glycosyltransferase-loaded sEVs by recipient cells. Moreover, glycan structures in the recipient cells have been shown to be remodeled by the incorporation of glycosyltransferase-positive sEVs. These findings demonstrate a novel non-genetic sEV-mediated mechanism of glycan remodeling of cells, highlighting a new concept in which glycosyltransferases are transferred among cells via sEVs for regulating glycan expression.
Analysis of Immune Responses Induced by Inhaled Fine Particulates
Authors: Kuroda Etsushi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Inhaled fine particulates, such as particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and sand dust, are closely associated with the onset of respiratory diseases, especially with allergic disorders. These fine particulates travel through the respiratory tract via inhalation and are deposited deep into the lungs. These deposited particulates are engulfed by alveolar macrophages, which serve as sentinel cells of the lungs, and subsequently removed from the lungs, indicating that alveolar macrophages play a crucial role in clearing particulates in the lungs. On the other hand, some particulates stimulate alveolar macrophages to induce inflammatory responses. Thus, the detailed role of alveolar macrophages in response to inhaled fine particulates is still unclear.
Harnessing DNA and Energy Cargo: Unveiling the Active Biogenesis and Applications of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Takano Sotaro , Okamoto Akihiro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Human microbiota, akin to human cells releasing exosomes, produce spherical biological nanoparticles, bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs). These BEVs are composed of lipid bilayers and encapsulate a variety of biological molecules from their source cells such as signaling molecules, genetic materials, and proteins.
Swarming rate and timing of unmanaged honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera carnica) in a forest environment
Authors: Rutschmann B. , Kohl P. L. , Steffan-Dewenter I. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Investigating the life history of social insect colonies and the demography of their populations are important for their conservation, but data collection is challenging. There is a growing interest in understanding the population status of wild-living honeybee colonies across Europe, for which it is critical to collect data on survival and natality rates. Although survival rates can be investigated through regular inspections of wild nests, the accurate quantification of natality rates (i.e., the number of swarms produced per colony per year) remains a significant challenge. Using digital weight scales, we remotely monitored the natural swarming behavior of ten unmanaged Apis mellifera carnica colonies housed in static-volume hives (45 L) in a forest region of southern Germany. During the 2019 season, between mid-May and late June, we recorded 17 swarming events, averaging 1.7 swarms per colony. Our observations offer a reference point for the timing, frequency, and size of honeybee swarms that helps us understand the natural reproductive patterns of wild-living honeybees in a temperate forest environment.