bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioreducible Branched Polyethyleneimine Derivatives Physically Loaded with Hydrophobic Pheophorbide A: Preparation, Characterization, and Light‐Induced Cytotoxicity
Authors: Cho Hana , Li Li , Bae You Han , Huh Kang Moo , Kang Han Chang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBranched‐type hydrophilic polyethyleneimine derivatives (i.e., bPEI derivatives) are developed polymeric carriers for photodynamic therapy. Their chemical structures which contain pH‐tunable hydrophobic/hydrophilic cavities enable efficient loading of hydrophobic drugs in basic pH environments. Intracellular stimuli trigger the release of the loaded drugs in bPEI derivatives. As expected, the hydrophobic photosensitizer known as pheophorbide A (PheoA) is solubilized by physical loading in the inner hydrophobic spaces of bPEI derivatives in environments with basic pH values. Interestingly, acidic pH environments induce aggregation, resulting in poor release of the loaded PheoA as well as in quenched photo‐activity of the PheoA‐loaded polymers. However, when reducible polycation derivatives of bPEI are used (i.e., RPC‐bPEI), intracellular thiols degrade the disulfide linkages in the polymers, resulting in rapid PheoA release. Particularly, a RPC‐bPEI containing 6 wt% PheoA (i.e., RPC‐bPEI0.8kDa‐PheoA6%) respond remarkably well to light exposure and display large differences between dark toxicity and light‐induced toxicity. Cellular uptake of RPC‐bPEI0.8kDa‐PheoA6% is approximately sevenfold to ninefold lower than that of free PheoA. Nevertheless, the photo‐toxicity of RPC‐bPEI0.8kDa‐PheoA6% was only two‐ to sixfold less potent than that of free PheoA. These results suggest that reducible bPEI materials may act as potential solubilizers and carriers for low‐molecular‐weight hydrophobic anti‐cancer drugs.
Translation of technical terminologies between English and Korean based on textual big data
Authors: Kim Taehong , Hwang Myunggwon , Hwang Mi‐Nyeong , Song Sa‐kwang , Jeong Do‐Heon , Jung Hanmin 
Published: August 2014

SummaryA number of web applications provide completely automated machine translation services, allowing users to easily translate information of interest. However, these services still generate inaccurate results when translating technical terminologies. Therefore, we propose a new method that collects reliable pairs of English–Korean technical terms and translates the given English terminology to Korean. To collect the pairs, we utilize textual big data, such as Korean academic papers, and develop a new statistical model to determine appropriate characteristics. Our method is evaluated in terms of the reliability of English–Korean pairs and the precision of translation. We thus confirm that our method can produce highly reliable data and can positively influence the translation quality of technical terminologies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient production of methionine from 2-amino-4-methylthiobutanenitrile by recombinant Escherichia coli harboring nitrilase
Authors: Jin Li-Qun , Li Zong-Tong , Liu Zhi-Qiang , Zheng Yu-Guo , Shen Yin-Chu 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Methionine as an essential amino acid has been attracting more attention for its important applications in food and feed additives. In this study, for efficient production of methionine from 2-amino-4-methylthiobutanenitrile, a codon-optimized nitrilase gene was newly synthesized and expressed, and the catalytic conditions for methionine production were studied. The optimal temperature and pH for methionine synthesis were 40 °C and 7.5, respectively. The recombinant nitrilase was thermo-stable with half-life of 5.52 h at 40 °C. The substrate loading was optimized in given amount of catalyst and fixed substrate/catalyst ratio mode to achieve higher productivity. Methionine was produced in 100 % conversion within 120 min with a substrate loading of 300 mM. The production of methionine with the immobilized resting cells in packed-bed reactor was investigated. The immobilized nitrilase exhibited good operation stability and retained over 80 % of the initial activity after operating for 100 h. After separation, the purity and the total yield of methionine reached 99.1 and 97 %, respectively. This recombinant nitrilase could be a potential candidate for application in production of methionine.
Structure of Microemulsion Formulated with Monoacylglycerols in the Presence of Polyols and Ethanol
Authors: Szumała Patrycja 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe influence of polyols as cosurfactants (propylene glycol PG; glycerol G) and short chain alcohol as a cosolvent (ethanol EtOH) on the formation and solubilization capacity of the systems: hexadecane/monoacylglycerols (MAG)/polyol/water:EtOH, at 60 °C, was investigated. Electrical conductivity measurement, and the DSC method were applied to determine the structure and type of microemulsions formed. The dimension of the droplets was characterized by DLS. It has been stated that concentration of EtOH has a strong influence on the shape and extend the microemulsion areas and helps to avoid rigid structures such as gels, precipitates, and liquid crystals. It was found that, depending on the concentration of five‐component systems, it was possible to obtain fully diluted microemulsions with dispersed particles size distribution ranging from 5 to 30 nm. Studied systems are changing the w/o structure into a bicontinuous system. The results of electrical conductivity showed that the electrical percolation threshold is dependent on the hydration of polar head groups in the whole system and the less rigid interfacial film due to the intercalation of ethanol. In addition, the surfactant/alcohol/polyol can strongly bind water in the inner phase so that it freezes below −10 °C and acts in part as ‘bound’ water. In the systems containing more than 50 mass% of polyols, with respect to the water, the all the water was non‐freezable. Propylene glycol and glycerol are cryoprotectants protecting biological systems from massive ice crystallization, since they lower the freezing point of water.
Community Outcome in Cognitively Normal Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Muharib Eva , Heinrichs R. Walter , Miles Ashley , Pinnock Farena , McDermid Vaz Stephanie , Ammari Narmeen 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRecent reports suggest that cognition is relatively preserved in some schizophrenia patients. However, little is known about the functional advantage these patients may demonstrate. The purpose of this study was to identify cognitively normal patients with a recently developed test battery and to determine the functional benefit of this normality relative to cognitively impaired patients. Average-range cognitive ability was defined by the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) composite score (T≥40) and applied to 100 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and to 81 non-psychiatric research participants. With group assignment adjusted for demographic variables, this procedure yielded 14 cognitively normal patients, 21 cognitively impaired patients, and 21 healthy adults with normal-range MCCB scores. Cognitively normal patients were indistinguishable from controls across all MCCB scales. Furthermore, their performance was superior to impaired patients on all scales except Social Cognition. Cognitively normal patients were also superior to impaired patients on a summary index of simulated life skills and functional competence. Nevertheless, both patient groups were equally disadvantaged relative to controls in independent community living. These findings suggest that normal-range cognition exists in schizophrenia, but fails to translate into enhanced community outcome. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–7)
Division of labour and terminal differentiation in a novel Bacillus thuringiensis strain
Authors: Deng Chao , Slamti Leyla , Raymond Ben , Liu Guiming , Lemy Christelle , Gominet Myriam , Yang Jingni , Wang Hengliang , Peng Qi , Zhang Jie , Lereclus Didier , Song Fuping 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A major challenge in bacterial developmental biology has been to understand the mechanisms underlying cell fate decisions. Some differentiated cell types display cooperative behaviour. Cooperation is one of the greatest mysteries of evolutionary biology and microbes have been considered as an excellent system for experimentally testing evolution theories. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a spore-forming bacterium, which is genetically closely related to B. anthracis, the agent of anthrax, and to B. cereus, an opportunistic human pathogen. The defining feature that distinguishes Bt from its relatives is its ability to produce crystal inclusions in the sporulating cells. These toxins are solubilized after ingestion and are cooperative public goods in insect hosts. In this study, we describe a Bt strain LM1212 that presents the unique ability to terminally differentiate into crystal producers and spore formers. Transcriptional analysis based on lacZ and gfp reporter genes suggested that this phenotype is the consequence of a new type of cell differentiation associated with a novel regulation mode of cry gene expression. The differentiating crystal-producer phenotype has higher spore productivity than a typical Bt strain and is better able to compete with Cry toxin null ‘cheaters’. Potentially, this division of labour provides additional fitness benefits in terms of spore viability or durability of Cry toxin.
Adaptation of an abundant Roseobacter RCA organism to pelagic systems revealed by genomic and transcriptomic analyses
Authors: Voget Sonja , Wemheuer Bernd , Brinkhoff Thorsten , Vollmers John , Dietrich Sascha , Giebel Helge-Ansgar , Beardsley Christine , Sardemann Carla , Bakenhus Insa , Billerbeck Sara , Daniel Rolf , Simon Meinhard 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The RCA (Roseobacter clade affiliated) cluster, with an internal 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of &gt;98%, is the largest cluster of the marine Roseobacter clade and most abundant in temperate to (sub)polar oceans, constituting up to 35% of total bacterioplankton. The genome analysis of the first described species of the RCA cluster, Planktomarina temperata RCA23, revealed that this phylogenetic lineage is deeply branching within the Roseobacter clade. It shares not &gt;65.7% of homologous genes with any other organism of this clade. The genome is the smallest of all closed genomes of the Roseobacter clade, exhibits various features of genome streamlining and encompasses genes for aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis (AAP) and CO oxidation. In order to assess the biogeochemical significance of the RCA cluster we investigated a phytoplankton spring bloom in the North Sea. This cluster constituted 5.1% of the total, but 10–31% (mean 18.5%) of the active bacterioplankton. A metatranscriptomic analysis showed that the genome of P. temperata RCA23 was transcribed to 94% in the bloom with some variations during day and night. The genome of P. temperata RCA23 was also retrieved to 84% from metagenomic data sets from a Norwegian fjord and to 82% from stations of the Global Ocean Sampling expedition in the northwestern Atlantic. In this region, up to 6.5% of the total reads mapped on the genome of P. temperata RCA23. This abundant taxon appears to be a major player in ocean biogeochemistry.
MicroRNAs differentially present in the plasma of HIV elite controllers reduce HIV infection in vitro
Authors: Reynoso Rita , Laufer Natalia , Hackl Matthias , Skalicky Susanna , Monteforte Rossella , Turk Gabriela , Carobene Mauricio , Quarleri Jorge , Cahn Pedro , Werner Roland , Stoiber Heribert , Grillari-Voglauer Regina , Grillari Johannes 
Published: August 2014

AbstractElite controllers maintain HIV-1 viral loads below the limit of detection. The mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are poorly understood. As microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of gene expression and some of them modulate HIV infection, we have studied the miRNA profile in plasma from HIV elite controllers and chronically infected individuals and compared against healthy donors. Several miRNAs correlate with CD4+ T cell count or with the known time of infection. No significant differences were observed between elite controllers and healthy donors; however, 16 miRNAs were different in the plasma of chronic infected versus healthy donors. In addition, levels of hsa-miR-29b-3p, hsa-miR-33a-5p and hsa-miR-146a-5p were higher in plasma from elite controllers than chronic infected and hsa-miR-29b-3p and hsa-miR-33a-5p overexpression significantly reduced the viral production in MT2 and primary T CD4+ cells. Therefore, levels of circulating miRNAs might be of diagnostic and/or prognostic value for HIV infection and hsa-miR-29b-3p and miR-33a-5p may contribute to the design of new anti-HIV drugs.
A Meta-Analysis of Endoscopic versus Conventional Open Radial Artery Harvesting for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Cao Christopher , Tian David H. , Ang Su C. , Peeceeyen Sheen , Allan James , Fu Benjamin , Yan Tristan D. 
Published: August 2014

Objective The radial artery has been demonstrated to provide superior long-term patency outcomes compared with saphenous veins for selected patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Recently, endoscopic radial artery harvesting has been popularized to improve cosmetic and perioperative outcomes. However, concerns have been raised regarding the effects on long-term survival and graft patency of this relatively novel technique. The present meta-analysis aimed to assess the safety and the efficacy of endoscopic radial artery harvesting versus the conventional open approach. Methods A systematic review of the current literature was performed on five electronic databases. All comparative studies on endoscopic versus open radial artery harvesting were included for analysis. Primary endpoints included mortality and recurrent myocardial infarction. Secondary endpoints included graft patency, wound infection, hematoma formation, and paresthesia. Results Twelve studies involving 3314 patients were included for meta-analysis according to predefined selection criteria. There were no statistically significant differences in overall mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction, or graft patency between the two surgical techniques. However, patients who underwent endoscopic harvesting were found to have significantly lower incidences of wound infection, hematoma formation, and paresthesia. Conclusions Current literature on endoscopic harvesting of the radial artery for coronary artery bypass graft surgery is limited by relatively short follow-up periods as well as differences in patient selection and surgical techniques. In addition, there are currently no randomized controlled trials to provide robust clinical data. However, the available evidence suggests that the endoscopic approach is associated with superior perioperative outcomes without clear evidence demonstrating compromised patency or survival outcomes.
Hematopoietic clonal dominance, stem cell mutations, and evolutionary pattern of JAK2V617F allele burden in polycythemia vera
Authors: Angona Anna , Alvarez‐Larrán Alberto , Bellosillo Beatriz , Martínez‐Avilés Luz , Camacho Laura , Fernández‐Rodríguez Concepción , Pairet Silvia , Longarón Raquel , Ancochea Águeda , Senín Alicia , Florensa Lourdes , Besses Carles 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectivesClonal dominance is characteristic of patients with post‐polycythemia vera myelofibrosis (post‐PV MF), whereas patients in chronic phase usually display polyclonal hematopoiesis. The aim of this work was to study the mutational burden of JAK2V617F at the progenitor level in patients with PV and correlate it with the evolutive phase of the disease and the presence of mutations in genes different to JAK2V617F.MethodsJAK2V617F was measured in stem cells, progenitor cells, and granulocytes of 45 patients with PV (early chronic phase n = 26, late chronic phase n = 10, post‐PV MF n = 9). In addition, screening of TET2, DNMT3A, ASXL1, SF3B1, SRSF2, U2AF1, and TP53 was performed with quantification of the mutation in CD34+ cells in positive cases. Moreover, we assessed whether JAK2V617F allele burden in granulocytes (at a single time point or monitoring) could be used as a surrogate of clonal dominance.ResultsTen patients presented clonal dominance at progenitor level (PV at diagnosis n = 2, late chronic phase n = 1, post‐PV MF n = 7). Additional mutations were identified in four patients at diagnosis, three in TET2, and one in DNMT3A gene, with clonal dominance present in three of them. At PV diagnosis, clonal dominance was demonstrated only in patients with additional mutations. JAK2V617F monitoring showed better diagnostic accuracy than single time point measurement as a marker of clonal dominance.ConclusionsClonal dominance may be present at diagnosis, especially in those cases carrying other mutations. JAK2V617F monitoring during follow‐up could help in the identification of patients with clonal dominance.
Reporting methodological search filter performance comparisons: a literature review
Authors: Harbour Jennifer , Fraser Cynthia , Lefebvre Carol , Glanville Julie , Beale Sophie , Boachie Charles , Duffy Steven , McCool Rachael , Smith Lynne 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundMethodological search filters are tools for retrieving database records reporting studies which use a specific research method. Choosing a filter is likely to be based on filter performance data. This review examines which measures are reported, and the way that filter performance is presented, in filter comparisons.MethodsStudies were identified from the current content and pending update (2010) of a filter website. Eligible studies compared two or more methodological search filters designed to identify randomised controlled trials, diagnostic test accuracy studies, systematic reviews or economic evaluations.ResultsEighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The number of filters compared in a single study ranged from 2 to 38. The most commonly reported measures were sensitivity/recall and precision. All studies displayed results in tables and gave results as percentages or proportions. Two studies supplemented results tables with graphical displays of data: a bar graph of the proportion of retrieved and missed gold standard references per filter; a forest plot of the overall sensitivity and specificity of each filter.ConclusionsSensitivity/recall and precision are the most frequently reported performance measures. This review highlights the potential for presenting results in novel and innovative ways to aid filter selection.
Testosterone deficiency and quality of life in Australasian testicular cancer survivors: a prospective cohort study
Authors: O'Carrigan B. , Fournier M. , Olver I. N. , Stockler M. R. , Whitford H. , Toner G. C. , Thomson D. B. , Davis I. D. , Hanning F. , Singhal N. , Underhill C. , Clingan P. , McDonald A. , Boland A. , Grimison P. ,   Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis is the first prospective study in a contemporary Australian/New Zealand population to determine the prevalence of testosterone deficiency in testicular cancer survivors at 12 months from treatment, and any association with poorer quality of life. Hormone assays from 54 evaluable patients in a prospective cohort study revealed biochemical hypogonadism in 18 patients (33%) and low‐normal testosterone in 13 patients (24%). We found no association between testosterone levels and quality of life (all P > 0.05). Hypogonadal patients should be considered for testosterone replacement to prevent long‐term morbidity.
Les risques de la flexibilité: le travail à temps partiel des femmes dans cinq pays d'Europe
Authors: BLÁZQUEZ CUESTA Maite , MORAL CARCEDO Julián 
Published: August 2014

RésuméLes marchés du travail européens sont segmentés, avec des emplois flexibles mais précaires, sources d'inégalités entre les travailleurs. La flexibilité du travail à temps partiel facilite la conciliation entre travail et vie de famille et accroît le taux d'activité des femmes, mais induit de nouvelles formes d'inégalités: les auteurs montrent que les travailleurs à temps partiel sont exposés à un plus grand risque de chômage. Ils en appellent donc à prendre des mesures pour instaurer plus d'égalité entre les travailleurs à plein temps et ceux à temps partiel en ce qui concerne la stabilité de l'emploi.
Ségrégation professionnelle selon le sexe en Espagne: exclusion ou confinement?
Authors: DUEÑAS FERNÁNDEZ Diego , IGLESIAS FERNÁNDEZ Carlos , LLORENTE HERAS Raquel 
Published: August 2014

RésuméEn Espagne, le degré de ségrégation professionnelle selon le sexe est parmi les plus élevés d'Europe. Les auteurs étudient les déterminants de la probabilité de travailler dans des professions à dominante masculine ou féminine. Combinant la technique de décomposition d'Oaxaca‐Blinder et une analyse contrefactuelle fondée sur un échantillon de «femmes hypothétiques», ils mettent en évidence les composantes inexpliquées des différentiels de probabilité observés. La dynamique sexuée du marché du travail explique l'essentiel de la ségrégation, plus en raison de la «discrimination positive» en faveur des femmes dans les professions féminisées que de la discrimination négative dans les professions à dominante masculine.
A longitudinal study of aspects of a hospital's family‐centred nursing: changing practice through data translation
Authors: White Chris , Wilson Valerie 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimsTo examine how results and data from multiple Family Centred Nursing Index surveys help the development of family‐centred nursing at organizational and ward levels.DesignA critical analysis of survey data.BackgroundThe Family Centred Nursing Index provides a valid and reliable assessment of aspects of nursing, through a comprehensive survey of traditional indicators of practice development and a broader range of aspects of practice.MethodsA survey with 113 questions, each to be answered on 7‐point Likert scale conducted six times in the last 7 years. Surveys have been in 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. All nurses employed by the organization can participate.ResultsThese are reported as means across 19 constructs linked to five key domains and their significance is examined by year and (in the clinical settings) and compared against the organizational (whole population) averages. Ongoing survey and analysis of nurses' views of their work is providing a valuable source of developmental data. The results show unexpected associations between constructs e.g. – a high level of work stress does not correlate with a lower level of job satisfaction (and vice versa). A clear historical picture of many elements of developing family‐centred care is emerging at both the organizational and individual‐ward levels.ConclusionThis study provides insights into aspects of organizational and wards working environment for nurses and how these aspects of nurses' work interact in unexpected ways. It is appropriate for providing information to organizations and ward teams in relation to their development towards family‐centred cultures.