bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective and concurrent correlates of emotion perception in psychotic disorders: A naturalistic, longitudinal study of neurocognition, affective blunting and avolition
Authors: Vaskinn Anja , Johnsen Erik , Jørgensen Hugo A. , Kroken Rune A. , Løberg Else‐Marie 
Published: March 2013

This naturalistic study investigated longitudinal and cross‐sectional symptomatic and neurocognitive correlates of social cognition indexed by emotion perception. Participants were 31 persons admitted to a psychiatric emergency ward due to acute psychosis. Positive and negative (i.e., affective blunting and avolition) symptoms were assessed at baseline and 12‐month follow‐up using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Participants completed neuropsychological assessments with alternative versions of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status at baseline and at 12‐month follow‐up. Emotion perception was measured using the Face/Voice Emotion Test at 12‐month follow‐up. Correlational analyses (Spearman's rho) revealed strong and statistically significant associations between neurocognition and emotion perception (baseline r = 0.58, follow‐up r = 0.43). Associations between positive symptoms and emotion perception were weak or non‐existent (baseline r = 0.13, follow‐up r = –0.01). Emotion perception was moderately, but not significantly, associated with affective blunting at follow‐up (r = 0.33), but not at baseline (r = 0.21). The association with avolition was non‐existent (baseline r = –0.05, follow‐up r = 0.01). This study supports the notion that emotion perception has neurocognitive correlates. The cross‐sectional trend level association with affective blunting suggests that the ability to perceive emotions might be related to, but dissociable from the ability to express emotions.
Patient QA systems for rotational radiation therapy: A comparative experimental study with intentional errors
Authors: Fredh Anna , Scherman Jonas Bengtsson , Fog Lotte S. , Munck af Rosenschöld Per 
Published: March 2013

Purpose:The purpose of the present study was to investigate the ability of commercial patient quality assurance (QA) systems to detect linear accelerator‐related errors.Methods:Four measuring systems (Delta4®, OCTAVIUS®, COMPASS, and Epiqa™) designed for patient specific quality assurance for rotational radiation therapy were compared by measuring four clinical rotational intensity modulated radiation therapy plans as well as plans with introduced intentional errors. The intentional errors included increasing the number of monitor units, widening of the MLC banks, and rotation of the collimator. The measurements were analyzed using the inherent gamma evaluation with 2% and 2 mm criteria and 3% and 3 mm criteria. When applicable, the plans with intentional errors were compared with the original plans both by 3D gamma evaluation and by inspecting the dose volume histograms produced by the systems.Results:There was considerable variation in the type of errors that the various systems detected; the failure rate for the plans with errors varied between 0% and 72%. When using 2% and 2 mm criteria and 95% as a pass rate the Delta4® detected 15 of 20 errors, OCTAVIUS® detected 8 of 20 errors, COMPASS detected 8 of 20 errors, and Epiqa™ detected 20 of 20 errors. It was also found that the calibration and measuring procedure could benefit from improvements for some of the patient QA systems.Conclusions:The various systems can detect various errors and the sensitivity to the introduced errors depends on the plan. There was poor correlation between the gamma evaluation pass rates of the QA procedures and the deviations observed in the dose volume histograms.
Draft Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli Strain ATCC 23506 (Serovar O10:K5:H4)
Authors: Cress Brady F. , Greene Zachary R. , Linhardt Robert J. , Koffas Mattheos A. G. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the 5.101-Mbp high-quality draft assembly of the
Escherichia coli
strain ATCC 23506 (serovar O10:K5:H4, also known as NCDC Bi 8337-41) genome. This uropathogenic strain, commonly referred to as
E. coli
K5, produces
N
-acetyl heparosan, a glycosaminoglycan-like capsular polysaccharide and precursor to the anticoagulant pharmaceutical heparin. Metabolic reconstruction of this genome will enable the prediction of gene deletions and overexpressions that lead to increased heparosan production.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Myovirus Which Infects Atypical Strains of Edwardsiella tarda
Authors: Yasuike Motoshige , Sugaya Emi , Nakamura Yoji , Shigenobu Yuya , Kawato Yasuhiko , Kai Wataru , Nagai Satoshi , Fujiwara Atushi , Sano Motohiko , Kobayashi Takanori , Nakai Toshihiro 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

We present the genome sequence of a novel
Edwardsiella tarda
-lytic bacteriophage, MSW-3, which specifically infects atypical
E. tarda
strains. The morphological and genomic features of MSW-3 suggest that this phage is a new member of the dwarf myoviruses, which have been much less studied than other groups of myoviruses.
Plasmin-Mediated Activation of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Is Independent of the Viral Neuraminidase
Authors: Tse Longping V. , Marcano Valerie C. , Huang Weishan , Pocwierz Misty S. , Whittaker Gary R. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Influenza virus is well recognized to modulate host tropism and pathogenesis based on mutations in the proteolytic cleavage site of the viral hemagglutinin (HA), which activates HA and exposes the fusion peptide for membrane fusion. Instead of the conventional trypsin-mediated cleavage event, modification of the cleavage site allows extended use of host cell proteases and enhanced spread
in vivo
. For H1N1 influenza viruses, the mouse-adapted A/WSN/33 strain is known to replicate in the brain based on recruitment of plasminogen by the viral neuraminidase (NA), as well as a Ser-Tyr substitution at the P2 position of the HA cleavage site. Here, we show that an equivalent Ser-Tyr substitution has occurred in the HA of naturally occurring human H1N1 influenza viruses. We characterize one of these viruses (A/Beijing/718/2009), as well as the prototype A/California/04/2009 with a Ser-Tyr substitution in the cleavage site, and show that these HAs are preferentially cleaved by plasmin. Importantly, cleavage activation by plasmin/plasminogen was independent of the viral NA, suggesting a novel mechanism for HA cleavage activation. We show that the viral HA itself can recruit plasminogen for HA cleavage. We further show that cellular factors, as well as streptokinase from bacteria commonly coinfecting the respiratory tract of influenza patients, can be a source of activated plasminogen for plasmin-mediated cleavage of influenza virus HAs that contain a Ser-Tyr substitution in the cleavage site.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Encoded Viral IRF3 Modulates Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II (MHC-II) Antigen Presentation through MHC-II Transactivator-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms: Implications for Oncogenesis
Authors: Zuo Jianmin , Hislop Andrew D. , Leung Carol S. , Sabbah Shereen , Rowe Martin 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
Evasion of immune T cell responses is crucial for persistent viruses to establish a normal carrier state. Most studies on active immune modulation mechanisms have focused on the stage of virus production in infected cells, when large numbers of viral antigens and potential immune modulators are expressed. For oncogenic viruses such as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), which is carried as a lifelong infection, usually with little harmful effect, but can cause various tumors, the immune evasion strategies can also be relevant in the context of tumorigenesis. Here we report that the virus-encoded interferon regulatory factor 3 (vIRF3) latent viral gene expressed in KSHV-related tumors functions as a potent immunevasin. Expression of vIRF3 downregulates surface major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) DR expression with slow kinetics but, more importantly, can substantially inhibit recognition by KSHV-specific CD4 T cells prior to its effects on MHC-II DR downregulation in model cell systems. This property of vIRF3 is only partly due to its ability to inhibit the transcription of CIITA and, thus, MHC-II expression; CIITA-independent inhibition of MHC-II transcripts and another as yet unidentified posttranscriptional mechanism are also involved in qualitatively modulating the availability of specific peptide/MHC-II complexes at the cell surface. Consistent with these observations, the vIRF3-expressing KSHV-associated primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) lines are generally resistant to recognition by KSHV-specific CD4 T cells. Interestingly, some PEL lines exhibit small subpopulations with lower vIRF3 expression that can be recognized. These data implicate vIRF3 as a critical determinant of the MHC-II antigen presentation function in KSHV-associated PELs that is likely to be important in the pathogenesis of these tumors.
Maribavir Inhibits Epstein-Barr Virus Transcription through the EBV Protein Kinase
Authors: Whitehurst Christopher B. , Sanders Marcia K. , Law Mankit , Wang Fu-Zhang , Xiong Jie , Dittmer Dirk P. , Pagano Joseph S. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
Maribavir (MBV) inhibits Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication and the enzymatic activity of the viral protein kinase BGLF4. MBV also inhibits expression of multiple EBV transcripts during EBV lytic infection. Here we demonstrate, with the use of a BGLF4 knockout virus, that effects of MBV on transcription take place primarily through inhibition of BGLF4. MBV inhibits viral genome copy numbers and infectivity to levels similar to and exceeding levels produced by BGLF4 knockout virus.
Cognitive Socialization During Adolescence
Authors: Oerter Rolf 
Published: March 2013

Our knowledge of cognitive development in adolescence is still surprisingly limited, despite all the available data. It is possible that the primary subject-environment relations of adolescents have not been sufficiently considered. This paper seeks to describe the development of cognitive structure as establishing isomorphism between the subject and the environment, with regard to "primary content areas", using an ecological model of cognitive development as the theoretical framework. The primary content area chosen for this analysis was modern work structure. In the analysis clearly definable stages could be discerned along two dimensions. The first of these was the serial differentiation of the psychological concepts "effort-industry" (E), "aptitude-intelligence" (A) and "pure subject" (S). Once an individual has attained the level of S he can function independently of the work process by being liberated from the relationships between the subject and the environment and is capable of thinking independently. The data presented supports this and confirm the theoretical expectations regarding the development of implicit concepts. The second dimension is the development of planning in relation to the temporal sequence of tasks. The planning becomes more efficient in this respect and the data confirm the expected developmental sequence in efficiency: (a) reliable execution of tasks, first without and then with consideration of time limits; (b) systematic use of tools and machines; and (c) the delegation of tasks. An investigation of outsolving organisational problems confirmed the expected developmental sequences of planning.
Parental Attachment and Children's Socio-emotional Development: Some Findings on the Validity of the Adult Attachment Interview in The Netherlands
Authors: van Ijzendoorn Marinus H. , Kranenburg Marian J. , Zwart-Woudstra Hylda A. , van Busschbach Agnes M. , Lambermon Mirjam W.E. 
Published: March 2013

In this study, the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) was applied in The Netherlands, to test certain aspects of its validity, and to provide information about its relation to toddlers' socio-emotional adaptation. In the second year of life, a sample of 80 infants were seen with their father, mother, and professional caregiver in the Strange Situation procedure, and in a free-play situation to assess caregivers' sensitivity. Two years later, 68 children participated in a follow-up study, involving mothers, fathers, and professional caregivers. Parents were interviewed with the AAI, and completed the Parental Bonding Instrument that measures attachment experiences in childhood. Parents also completed the Nijmegen-California Q-sort, to measure their children's ego-resilience and ego-control. Professional caregivers rated children's sociability in pre-school using the Pre-School Behavior Inventory. As predicted the AAI and the Parental Bonding Instrument were related. Only the AAI, however, yielded classifications that corresponded with the quality of infant-parent attachment. Furthermore, AAI classifications for mothers were related to maternal sensitivity: Secure mothers are more sensitive to their daughters than insecure mothers, but for boys this was not true. In addition, AAI classifications for parents were related to their children's socio-emotional development in the pre-school years. Secure mothers have children with more ego-resilience and less ego-undercontrol. Dismissing fathers have children who are rated as more aggressive, less social, and less timid than secure or preoccupied fathers. The AAI appears to be a promising instrument for measuring parental state of mind with respect to attachment relationships in a variety of natural settings.
Fluid Resuscitation in Septic Shock
Authors: Sadaka Farid , Juarez Mayrol , Naydenov Soophia , O’Brien Jacklyn 
Published: March 2013

Purpose: To determine whether progressively increasing fluid balance after initial fluid resuscitation for septic shock is associated with increased mortality. Methods: A retrospective review of the use of intravenous fluids in patients with septic shock in a large university affiliated hospital with 56 medical–surgical intensive care unit beds. We analyzed the data of 350 patients with septic shock who were managed according to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. Based on net fluid balance at 24 hours, we examined the results of increase in positive fluid balance on the risk of in-hospital mortality. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on the amount of fluid balance by 24 hours, based on 6-L aliquots. Results: At 24 hours, the average fluid balance was +6.5 L. After correcting for age and sequential organ failure assessment score, a more positive fluid balance at 24 hours significantly increased the risk of in-hospital mortality. Using Cox proportional hazard analysis, excess 12-, 18-, and 24-L positive fluid balance had higher risk of mortality than those patients with a neutral to positive 6-L fluid balance (reference group). Adjusted hazard ratios, 1.519 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.353-1.685), 1.740 (95% CI, 1.467-2.013), and 1.620 (95% CI, 1.197-2.043), respectively, P < .05. Conclusion: In patients with septic shock resuscitated according to current guidelines, a more positive fluid balance at 24 hours is associated with an increase in the risk of mortality. Optimal survival occurred at neutral fluid balance and up to 6-L positive fluid balance at 24 hours after the development of septic shock.
A mechanistic role for DNA methylation in endothelial cell (EC)-enriched gene expression: relationship with DNA replication timing
Authors: Shirodkar Apurva V. , St. Bernard Rosanne , Gavryushova Anna , Kop Anna , Knight Britta J. , Yan Matthew Shu-Ching , Man Hon-Sum Jeffrey , Sud Maneesh , Hebbel Robert P. , Oettgen Peter , Aird William C. , Marsden Philip A. 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
Promoter DNA methylation, an epigenetic process, is functionally relevant for regulating the expression of endothelial cell–enriched genes.
Functional characterization of EZH2β reveals the increased complexity of EZH2 isoforms involved in the regulation of mammalian gene expression
Authors: Grzenda Adrienne , Lomberk Gwen , Svingen Phyllis , Mathison Angela , Calvo Ezequiel , Iovanna Juan , Xiong Yuning , Faubion William , Urrutia Raul 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) forms an obligate repressive complex with suppressor of zeste 12 and embryonic ectoderm development, which is thought, along with EZH1, to be primarily responsible for mediating Polycomb-dependent gene silencing. Polycomb-mediated repression influences gene expression across the entire gamut of biological processes, including development, differentiation and cellular proliferation. Deregulation of EZH2 expression is implicated in numerous complex human diseases. To date, most EZH2-mediated function has been primarily ascribed to a single protein product of the EZH2 locus.

Results
We report that the EZH2 locus undergoes alternative splicing to yield at least two structurally and functionally distinct EZH2 methyltransferases. The longest protein encoded by this locus is the conventional enzyme, which we refer to as EZH2α, whereas EZH2β, characterized here, represents a novel isoform. We find that EZH2β localizes to the cell nucleus, complexes with embryonic ectoderm development and suppressor of zeste 12, trimethylates histone 3 at lysine 27, and mediates silencing of target promoters. At the cell biological level, we find that increased EZH2β induces cell proliferation, demonstrating that this protein is functional in the regulation of processes previously attributed to EZH2α. Biochemically, through the use of genome-wide expression profiling, we demonstrate that EZH2β governs a pattern of gene repression that is often ontologically redundant from that of EZH2α, but also divergent for a wide variety of specific target genes.

Conclusions
Combined, these results demonstrate that an expanded repertoire of EZH2 writers can modulate histone code instruction during histone 3 lysine 27-mediated gene silencing. These data support the notion that the regulation of EZH2-mediated gene silencing is more complex than previously anticipated and should guide the design and interpretation of future studies aimed at understanding the biochemical and biological roles of this important family of epigenomic regulators.
Self-aggregating TIAF1 in lung cancer progression
Authors: Hong Qunying , Hsu Li-Jin , Chou Pei-Yi , Chou Ying-Tsen , Lu Chen-Yu , Chen Yu-An , Chang Nan-Shan 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1)-induced antiapoptotic factor (TIAF1) is able to form aggregates in the hippocampi of middle-aged normal individuals. The aggregating TIAF1 induces generation of amyloid beta (Aβ) for causing neurodegeneration. Intriguingly, TIAF1 aggregates are shown, together with Smad4 and Aβ, in the cancer stroma and peritumor capsules of many solid tumors. During lung cancer progression, for example, TIAF1 and amyloid fibrils are significantly upregulated in the cancer stroma. Aggregates of TIAF1 and Aβ are shown on the interface between metastatic lung cancer cells and the brain tissues. Conceivably, these peritumor materials are needed for cancer cells to survive. In vitro experiments revealed that TIAF1 is a crucial component for tumor suppressors p53 and WWOX-mediated tumor suppression and apoptosis. While metastatic lung cancer cells are frequently devoid of WWOX and p53, we provide new perspectives regarding the role of TIAF1 in the pathogenesis of lung cancer development, and propose a therapeutic approach for targeting TIAF1.
The Quantity Theory of Insanity by Will Self
Authors: Ginn Stephen 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThe Quantity Theory of Insanity is a short story by the English novelist and journalist Will Self. It is one of six stories in a collection of the same name. Its central conceit is that there is ‘only a fixed proportion of sanity available to any given society at any given time’. The story is a broad satire of academia, social science and our treatment and understanding of mental disorder.
Mental health service discrimination against older people
Authors: Anderson David , Connelly Peter , Meier Richard , McCracken Cherie 
Published: March 2013

Aims and methodTo provide a picture of availability and equality of access to mental health services for older people prior to the Equality Act. In 2010, a questionnaire was sent to health commissioners in England, Scotland and Wales under a Freedom of Information request.ResultsOverall, 132 (76%) replied. Of 11 services, 7 were either unavailable or did not provide equality of access to older people in more than a third of commissioning areas. When provided by specialist older people's mental health, services were more often considered to ensure equality.Clinical implicationsIncreasing need resulting from an ageing population is unlikely to be met in the face of current inequality. Inequality on the basis of age is the result of government policy and not the existence of specialist services for older people. Single age-inclusive services may create indirect age discrimination. Availability alone is insufficient to demonstrate equality of access. Monitoring the effects of legislation must take this into account.
A SAP domain-containing protein shuttles between the nucleus and cell membranes and plays a role in adhesion and migration in D. discoideum
Authors: Kelsey Jessica S. , Blumberg Daphne D. 
Published: March 2013

Summary
The AmpA protein reduces cell adhesion, thereby influencing cell migration in Dictyostelium. To understand how ampA influences cell migration, second site suppressors of an AmpA overexpressing cell line were created by REMI mutagenesis. Mutant candidates were identified by their ability to suppress the large plaques that the AmpA overexpressing cells form on bacterial lawns as a result of their increased rate of migration. One suppressor gene, sma, encodes an uncharacterized protein, which contains a SAP DNA-binding domain and a PTEN-like domain. Using sma gene knockouts and Sma-mRFP expressing cell lines, a role for sma in influencing cell migration was uncovered. Knockouts of the sma gene in a wild-type background enhanced chemotaxis. An additional role for Sma in influencing cell–cell adhesion was also demonstrated. Sma protein transitions between cytosolic and nuclear localizations as a function of cell density. In growing cells migrating to folic acid it is localized to regions of actin polymerization and absent from the nucleus. A role for Sma in influencing ampA mRNA levels is also demonstrated. Sma additionally appears to be involved in ampA pathways regulating cell size, actin polymerization, and cell substrate adhesion. We present insights to the SAP domain-containing group of proteins in Dictyostelium and provide evidence of a role for a SAP domain-containing protein shuttling from the nucleus to sites of actin polymerization during chemotaxis to folic acid and influencing the efficiency of migration.