bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Früherkennung der Komorbidität bei Psoriasis: Konsensusempfehlungen der Nationalen Konferenz zur Versorgung der Psoriasis
Authors: Radtke Marc Alexander , Mrowietz Ulrich , Feuerhahn Julia , Härter Martin , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Nast Alexander , Reich Kristian , Strömer Klaus , Wohlrab Johannes , Augustin Matthias 
Published: June 2015

ZusammenfassungHintergrundPsoriasis ist mit einer erhöhten Rate an Komorbidität assoziiert, deren frühzeitige Erkennung in die Nationalen Versorgungsziele aufgenommen worden ist. Bislang fehlte eine konsentierte Empfehlung zur Früherkennung innerhalb einer dermatologischen Routineversorgung. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die interdisziplinäre Entwicklung von Algorithmen zur Früherkennung.MethodikDie Entwicklung des Konsensuspapiers beruht auf einem dreistufigen Vorgehen: In der ersten Stufe erfolgte in einer nationalen Versorgungskonferenz zur Psoriasis im Auftrag der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft (DDG) und des Berufsverbandes der Deutschen Dermatologen (BVDD) eine Definition von Bedarfen, Einsatzbereichen, Konzeption und Methodik eines Tools zur Früherkennung. Im zweiten Schritt wurde durch einzelne Arbeitsgruppen auf Basis einer Literaturrecherche die Evidenz für den Einsatz von Screening‐Parametern zusammengetragen. Im dritten Schritt erfolgte von einer interdisziplinären Arbeitsgruppe die Verabschiedung der Algorithmen mittels Delphi‐Befragung.ErgebnisseIn den Literaturrecherchen der assoziierten Arbeitsgruppen wurden für 15 Gruppen von Komorbidität über 2 000 Publikationen gesichtet. Für die nachfolgenden zwölf Indikationen wurde ein Screening‐Algorithmus konsentiert: Arterielle Hypertonie, Dyslipidämie, Adipositas, Diabetes, metabolisches Syndrom, nicht‐alkoholische Steatohepatitis, Depression, Nikotinabusus, Alkoholabusus, chronische entzündliche Darmerkrankungen, Psoriasisarthritis, maligne Lymphome. Es wurde dabei auf die Belange in der dermatologischen Versorgung eingegangen.SchlussfolgerungEs stehen für das Screening auf Komorbidität bei Psoriasis vereinheitlichte und im Expertenkonsens verabschiedete Schemata zur Verfügung, die bundesweit im Rahmen von „PsoNet –Regionale Psoriasisnetze in Deutschland“ umgesetzt werden können.
Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus in rural China: results from Shandong Province
Authors: Yang F. , Qian D. , Chen J. , Hu D. , Hou M. , Chen S. , Wang P. ,   the LWS Project Group
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsTo estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes in rural areas in Shandong Province, China.MethodsThe Luxemburg–WHO–Shandong Project on Rural Health Personnel Training and Chronic Disease Control, a cross‐sectional study, examined 16 375 rural residents aged 25 years and over using multistage cluster sampling in April 2007. An overnight fasting blood specimen was collected to measure plasma glucose and a 2–h 75–g oral glucose tolerance test was conducted among people with a fasting blood glucose of ≥ 6.1 mmol/l. Information on the history of diabetes and hypoglycaemic medication was obtained using a standard questionnaire. Diabetes and prediabetes were defined according to the 1999 World Health Organization diagnostic criteria.ResultsOverall, the prevalence rates for diabetes, prediabetes and previously diagnosed diabetes in the rural population were estimated to be 3.5%, 6.0% and 1.2%, respectively. Among those with diabetes, only 34.8% were aware of their condition, 30.6% were currently undergoing medication treatment, and 11.5% achieved glycaemic control.ConclusionsThese results indicate that diabetes has become a public health problem in poor rural areas of China and the rates of awareness, treatment and control of diabetes were relatively low. There is an urgent need for strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of diabetes in the rural population in Shandong Province, China.
Dorsolateral striatum is critical for the expression of surprise‐induced enhancements in cue associability
Authors: Asem Judith S. A. , Schiffino Felipe L. , Holland Peter C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe dorsolateral striatum (DLS) is frequently implicated in sensory‐motor integration, including the performance of sensory orienting responses (ORs) and learned stimulus–response habits. Our laboratory previously identified a role for the DLS in rats' performance of conditioned ORs to Pavlovian cues for food delivery. Here, we considered whether DLS is also critical to another aspect of attention in associative learning, the surprise‐induced enhancement of cue associability. A large behavioral literature shows that a cue present when an expected event is omitted enters into new associations more rapidly when that cue is subsequently paired with food. Research from our laboratory has shown that both cue associability enhancements and conditioned ORs depend on the function of a circuit that includes the amygdala central nucleus and the substantia nigra pars compacta. In three experiments, we explored the involvement of DLS in surprise‐induced associability enhancements, using a three‐stage serial prediction task that permitted separation of DLS function in registering surprise (prediction error) and enhancing cue associability, and in using that increased associability to learn more rapidly about that cue later. The results showed that DLS is critical to the expression, but not the establishment, of the enhanced cue associability normally produced by surprise in this task. They extend the role of DLS and the amygdalo‐nigro‐striatal circuit underlying learned orienting to more subtle aspects of attention in associative learning, but are consistent with the general notion that DLS is more important in the expression of previously acquired tendencies than in their acquisition.
Evolutionary rescue can be impeded by temporary environmental amelioration
Authors: Hao Yi‐Qi , Brockhurst Michael A. , Petchey Owen L. , Zhang Quan‐Guo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRapid evolutionary adaptation has the potential to rescue from extinction populations experiencing environmental changes. Little is known, however, about the impact of short‐term environmental fluctuations during long‐term environmental deterioration, an intrinsic property of realistic environmental changes. Temporary environmental amelioration arising from such fluctuations could either facilitate evolutionary rescue by allowing population recovery (a positive demographic effect) or impede it by relaxing selection for beneficial mutations required for future survival (a negative population genetic effect). We address this uncertainty in an experiment with populations of a bacteriophage virus that evolved under deteriorating conditions (gradually increasing temperature). Periodic environmental amelioration (short periods of reduced temperature) caused demographic recovery during the early phase of the experiment, but ultimately reduced the frequency of evolutionary rescue. These experimental results suggest that environmental fluctuations could reduce the potential of evolutionary rescue.
Success, failure and ambiguity of the dilution effect among competitors
Authors: Strauss Alexander T. , Civitello David J. , Cáceres Carla E. , Hall Spencer R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIt remains challenging to predict variation in the magnitude of disease outbreaks. The dilution effect seeks to explain this variation by linking multiple host species to disease transmission. It predicts that disease risk increases for a focal host when host species diversity declines. However, when an increase in species diversity does not reduce disease, we are often unable to diagnose why. Here, we increase mechanistic and predictive clarity of the dilution effect with a general trait‐based model of disease transmission in multi‐host communities. Then, we parameterise and empirically test our model with a multi‐generational case study of planktonic disease. The model‐experiment combination shows that hosts that vary in competitive ability (R*) and potential to spread disease (R0) can produce three qualitatively disparate outcomes of dilution on disease: the dilution effect can succeed, fail, or be ambiguous/irrelevant.
Synthesis and evaluation of 1,4–naphthoquinone ether derivatives as SmTGR inhibitors and new anti‐schistosomal drugs
Authors: Johann Laure , Belorgey Didier , Huang Hsin‐Hung , Day Latasha , Chessé Matthieu , Becker Katja , Williams David L. , Davioud‐Charvet Elisabeth 
Published: June 2015

Investigations regarding the chemistry and mechanism of action of 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (or menadione) derivatives revealed 3‐phenoxymethyl menadiones as a novel anti‐schistosomal chemical series. These newly synthesized compounds (1–7) and their difluoromethylmenadione counterparts (8, 9) were found to be potent and specific inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni thioredoxin‐glutathione reductase (SmTGR), which has been identified as a potential target for anti‐schistosomal drugs. The compounds were also tested in enzymic assays using both human flavoenzymes, i.e. glutathione reductase (hGR) and selenium‐dependent human thioredoxin reductase (hTrxR), to evaluate the specificity of the inhibition. Structure–activity relationships as well as physico‐ and electro‐chemical studies showed a high potential for the 3‐phenoxymethyl menadiones to inhibit SmTGR selectively compared to hGR and hTrxR enzymes, in particular those bearing an α‐fluorophenol methyl ether moiety, which improves anti‐schistosomal action. Furthermore, the (substituted phenoxy)methyl menadione derivative (7) displayed time‐dependent SmTGR inactivation, correlating with unproductive NADPH‐dependent redox cycling of SmTGR, and potent anti‐schistosomal action in worms cultured ex vivo. In contrast, the difluoromethylmenadione analog 9, which inactivates SmTGR through an irreversible non‐consuming NADPH‐dependent process, has little killing effect in worms cultured ex vivo. Despite ex vivo activity, none of the compounds tested was active in vivo, suggesting that the limited bioavailability may compromise compound activity. Therefore, future studies will be directed toward improving pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability.
Will a warmer and wetter future cause extinction of native Hawaiian forest birds?
Authors: Liao Wei , Elison Timm Oliver , Zhang Chunxi , Atkinson Carter T. , LaPointe Dennis A. , Samuel Michael D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIsolation of the Hawaiian archipelago produced a highly endemic and unique avifauna. Avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum), an introduced mosquito‐borne pathogen, is a primary cause of extinctions and declines of these endemic honeycreepers. Our research assesses how global climate change will affect future malaria risk and native bird populations. We used an epidemiological model to evaluate future bird–mosquito–malaria dynamics in response to alternative climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Climate changes during the second half of the century accelerate malaria transmission and cause a dramatic decline in bird abundance. Different temperature and precipitation patterns produce divergent trajectories where native birds persist with low malaria infection under a warmer and dryer projection (RCP4.5), but suffer high malaria infection and severe reductions under hot and dry (RCP8.5) or warm and wet (A1B) futures. We conclude that future global climate change will cause significant decreases in the abundance and diversity of remaining Hawaiian bird communities. Because these effects appear unlikely before mid‐century, natural resource managers have time to implement conservation strategies to protect this unique avifauna from further decimation. Similar climatic drivers for avian and human malaria suggest that mitigation strategies for Hawai'i have broad application to human health.
High night temperatures during grain number determination reduce wheat and barley grain yield: a field study
Authors: García Guillermo A. , Dreccer M. Fernanda , Miralles Daniel J. , Serrago Román A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWarm nights are a widespread predicted feature of climate change. This study investigated the impact of high night temperatures during the critical period for grain yield determination in wheat and barley crops under field conditions, assessing the effects on development, growth and partitioning crop‐level processes driving grain number per unit area (GN). Experiments combined: (i) two contrasting radiation and temperature environments: late sowing in 2011 and early sowing in 2013, (ii) two well‐adapted crops with similar phenology: bread wheat and two‐row malting barley and (iii) two temperature regimes: ambient and high night temperatures. The night temperature increase (ca. 3.9 °C in both crops and growing seasons) was achieved using purpose‐built heating chambers placed on the crop at 19:000 hours and removed at 7:00 hours every day from the third detectable stem node to 10 days post‐flowering. Across growing seasons and crops, the average minimum temperature during the critical period ranged from 11.2 to 17.2 °C. Wheat and barley grain yield were similarly reduced under warm nights (ca. 7% °C−1), due to GN reductions (ca. 6% °C−1) linked to a lower number of spikes per m2. An accelerated development under high night temperatures led to a shorter critical period duration, reducing solar radiation capture with negative consequences for biomass production, GN and therefore, grain yield. The information generated could be used as a starting point to design management and/or breeding strategies to improve crop adaptation facing climate change.
Differential effects of environmental heterogeneity on global mammal species richness
Authors: Stein Anke , Beck Jan , Meyer Carsten , Waldmann Elisabeth , Weigelt Patrick , Kreft Holger 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimSpatial environmental heterogeneity (EH) is an important driver of species richness, affecting species coexistence, persistence and diversification. EH has been widely studied in ecology and evolution and quantified in many different ways, with a strong bias towards a few common measures of EH like elevation range. Here, we calculate 51 measures of EH within grid cells world‐wide across three spatial grains to investigate similarities and differences among these measures. Moreover, we compare the association between species richness of terrestrial mammals and each EH measure to assess the impact of methodological choices on EH–richness relationships found by standard macroecological modelling approaches.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe derive 51 measures of EH from nine variables related to the five subject areas land cover, vegetation, climate, soil and topography, using nine calculation methods. We first explore differences among these EH measures with correlation and principal components analyses. We then analyse the relationship between mammal species richness and each EH measure alone and while accounting for effects of current climate, regional biogeographic history and human influence. We assess the impact of subject area and method of calculation of EH measures on model support using conditional inference trees.ResultsDespite some redundancy, correlations (rs = −0.45 to 1.00, median 0.35) and spatial patterns indicate clear differences between the EH measures. We find clear effects of subject area and calculation method on the importance of EH measures for mammal species richness. Measures of climatic and topographic EH and measures calculated as counts and ranges (as against, for example, coefficient of variation) receive particularly high model support across all spatial grains.Main conclusionsThe outcome of broad‐scale EH–richness studies is greatly determined by methodological decisions on calculation of measures and statistical analysis. These decisions should therefore be made carefully with regard to the hypothesis and mechanism of interest.
On the island biogeography of aliens: a global analysis of the richness of plant and bird species on oceanic islands
Authors: Blackburn Tim M. , Delean Steven , Pyšek Petr , Cassey Phillip 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAim(1) To characterize the relationship(s) between species richness and area for alien plant and bird species on islands, and to identify commonalities and differences in those relationships for these different taxa, and between alien and native species; (2) to test whether area per se, native species richness or human factors related to area is the primary determinant of alien species richness; and (3) to explore the effects on alien island biogeography of isolation, productivity and the time since first European landfall.LocationIslands around the world.MethodsWe used structural equation models (SEMs; supported by generalized linear models) to interrogate data on the alien and native species richness of birds and plants on islands.ResultsAlien plant and bird species richness were both strongly correlated with island area, with similar slopes on logarithmic axes. SEMs for both plants and birds revealed positive direct effects of native species richness and human population size, and positive indirect effects of area, on alien species richness. The models also identified indirect effects of temperature (positive) and isolation (negative) on alien species richness. Native plant and bird species richness were both predicted by direct effects of area (positive), temperature (positive) and isolation (negative). However, native plant richness was the only direct predictor of native bird species richness, and the strongest direct predictor of alien bird species richness, for islands with both plant and bird richness data.Main conclusionsOur analyses recover the species–area, species–isolation and productivity relationships in native richness. Alien species richness was most strongly related to native species richness, with additional effects of human population size. Human population size most likely determines the number of alien species that arrive on an island, while the effect of native species richness may be driven by the influence of habitat heterogeneity on the likelihood that those populations persist (establishment success).
Successful treatment of oral pemphigus vulgaris in an insulin‐dependant geriatric patient
Authors: González‐Serrano José , Paredes Víctor Manuel , López‐Pintor Rosa María , de Arriba Lorenzo , Hernández Gonzalo 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo present a clinical report of a patient treated with corticosteroids for oral pemphigus vulgaris (PV) lesions.BackgroundPV is the type of pemphigus that most often affects the oral mucosa and tends not to appear in elderly people.MethodsTwo biopsies were needed for diagnosis. She was treated with oral prednisone and topically with 0.05% clobetasol propionate.ConclusionAn early diagnosis and treatment is needed for a good prognosis, especially in elderly patients with multiple systemic pathology.
The Significance of the Secondhand Trade in Europe, 1200–1600
Authors: Staples Kate Kelsey 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe tend to think of the trade in used clothing and other goods in past economies as secondary to the trade in wholesale or luxury items. Instead, the medieval economy was a multifaceted one, with many points of entry. The concurrent expansion in both trade and fashion in the Middle Ages resulted in a larger inventory for secondhand dealers, and the ways in which credit undergirded exchange allowed for a deep and varied clientele. The purpose of this article is to suggest, through a review of what we know about the trade in secondhand goods, that by considering this vital commerce, we can expand our knowledge of asset preservation, sartorial expression, and commercial exchange in medieval Europe. Rather than an indication of poverty, the trade in used clothing and goods was an expansive and adaptable trade that reflects the complexity of the medieval European economy. Further, it was a trade to which the majority of people had access. By selling, loaning, renting, coveting, valuing, and refurbishing secondhand clothing and other goods, women and men actively shaped their economy, and the space in which they lived and worked.Video abstract (click to view)tabular image
The effect of initiation of antiretroviral therapy on monocyte, endothelial and platelet function in HIV‐1 infection
Authors: O'Halloran JA , Dunne E , Gurwith MMP , Lambert JS , Sheehan GJ , Feeney ER , Pozniak A , Reiss P , Kenny D , Mallon PWG 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesMonocyte activation, endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation all potentially contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) reported in those with HIV‐1 infection. To date, no study has examined how initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) affects markers of all three processes. We aimed to compare markers of monocyte, endothelial and platelet function between untreated HIV‐positive subjects and HIV‐negative controls and to examine the early effects of ART initiation on these markers.MethodsWe measured monocyte [soluble CD14 (sCD14) and sCD163], endothelial [von Willebrand factor (vWF), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and vascular adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1)] and platelet [soluble P‐selectin (sP‐selectin), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and soluble glycoprotein VI (sGPVI)] biomarkers before and at weeks 4 and 12 post ART initiation in HIV‐positive and well‐matched HIV‐negative controls.ResultsWe examined 40 subjects, 25 HIV‐positive subjects and 15 controls, with a median age of 34 years [interquartile range (IQR) 31, 40 years], of whom 60% were male and 47.5% Caucasian. Pre‐ART, all biomarkers (monocyte, endothelial and platelet) were significantly higher in HIV‐positive patients versus controls (all P < 0.05) and decreased with ART initiation, except for sCD14, which remained unchanged [median 1680 (IQR 1489, 1946) ng/mL at week 12 versus 1570 (IQR 1287, 2102) ng/mL at week 0; P = 0.7]. Although platelet activation markers reduced to levels comparable to those in controls, endothelial dysfunction markers remained elevated, as did sCD163 [at week 12, median 1005 (IQR 791, 1577) ng/mL in HIV‐positive patients versus 621 (IQR 406, 700) ng/mL in controls; P < 0.0001].ConclusionsART initiation resulted in reductions in levels of CVD‐associated biomarkers; however, although they improved, markers of endothelial dysfunction and monocyte activation remained elevated. How these persistent abnormalities affect CVD risk in HIV infection remains to be determined.
Amblyomma americanum tick saliva insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐related protein 1 binds insulin but not insulin‐like growth factors
Authors: Radulović Ž. M. , Porter L. M. , Kim T. K. , Bakshi M. , Mulenga A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSilencing Amblyomma americanum insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐related protein 1 (AamIGFBP‐rP1) mRNA prevented ticks from feeding to repletion. In this study, we used recombinant (r)AamIGFBP‐rP1 in a series of assays to obtain further insight into the role(s) of this protein in tick feeding regulation. Our results suggest that AamIGFBP‐1 is an antigenic protein that is apparently exclusively expressed in salivary glands. We found that both males and females secrete AamIGFBP‐rP1 into the host during feeding and confirmed that female ticks secrete this protein from within 24–48 h after attachment. Our data suggest that native AamIGFBP‐rP1 is a functional insulin binding protein in that both yeast‐ and insect cell‐expressed rAamIGFBP‐rP1 bound insulin, but not insulin‐like growth factors. When subjected to anti‐blood clotting and platelet aggregation assays, rAamIGFBP‐rP1 did not have any effect. Unlike human IGFBP‐rP1, which is controlled by trypsinization, rAamIGFBP‐rP1 is resistant to digestion, suggesting that the tick protein may not be under mammalian host control at the tick feeding site. The majority of tick‐borne pathogens are transmitted 48 h after the tick has attached. Thus, the demonstrated antigenicity and secretion into the host within 24–48 h of the tick starting to feed makes AamIGFBP‐rP1 an attractive target for antitick vaccine development.