bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ammonium accumulation in soil: the long‐term effects of tillage, rotation and N rate in a Mediterranean Vertisol
Authors: López‐Bellido L. , Muñoz‐Romero V. , Fernández‐García P. , López‐Bellido R. J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPlant nutrition requires organic nitrogen to be mineralized before roots can absorb it. A 13‐year field study was conducted on typical rain‐fed Mediterranean Vertisol to determine the effects of tillage system, crop rotation and N fertilizer rate on the long‐term NH4+–N content in the soil profile (0–90 cm). The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block with a split–split plot arrangement and three replications. The main plots tested the effects from the tillage system (no‐tillage and conventional tillage); the subplots tested crop rotation with 2‐year rotations (wheat–wheat, wheat–fallow, wheat–chickpea, wheat–faba bean and wheat–sunflower) and the sub‐subplots examined the N fertilizer rate (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha). Soil NH4+–N content was greatest in the rainiest years and greater under the no‐tillage (NT) system than the conventional tillage (CT) system (57 and 48 kg/ha, respectively). The deepest soil (30–60 and 60–90 cm) contained a greater NH4+–N content (21.0 and 21.4 kg/ha, respectively) than the shallowest soil (19.5 kg/ha in 0–30 cm). This observation may be related to Vertisol characteristics, especially crack formation that allows greater mineralization in the deepest layers by displacing organic matter.
Participation in medical research as a resource‐seeking strategy in socio‐economically vulnerable communities: call for research and action
Authors: Ravinetto Raffaella M. , Afolabi Muhammed O. , Okebe Joseph , Van Nuil Jennifer Ilo , Lutumba Pascal , Mavoko Hypolite Muhindo , Nahum Alain , Tinto Halidou , Addissie Adamu , D'Alessandro Umberto , Grietens Koen Peeters 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe freedom to consent to participate in medical research is a complex subject, particularly in socio‐economically vulnerable communities, where numerous factors may limit the efficacy of the informed consent process. Informal consultation among members of the Switching the Poles Clinical Research Network coming from various sub‐Saharan African countries, that is Burkina Faso, The Gambia, Rwanda, Ethiopia, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Benin, seems to support the hypothesis that in socio‐economical vulnerable communities with inadequate access to health care, the decision to participate in research is often taken irrespectively of the contents of the informed consent interview, and it is largely driven by the opportunity to access free or better quality care and other indirect benefits. Populations' vulnerability due to poverty and/or social exclusion should obviously not lead to exclusion from medical research, which is most often crucially needed to address their health problems. Nonetheless, to reduce the possibility of exploitation, there is the need to further investigate the complex links between socio‐economical vulnerability, access to health care and individual freedom to decide on participation in medical research. This needs bringing together clinical researchers, social scientists and bioethicists in transdisciplinary collaborative research efforts that require the collective input from researchers, research sponsors and funders.
Potential deleterious role of anti‐Neu5Gc antibodies in xenotransplantation
Authors: Salama Apolline , Evanno Gwénaëlle , Harb Jean , Soulillou Jean‐Paul 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHuman beings do not synthesize the glycolyl form of the sialic acid (Neu5Gc) and only express the acetylated form of the sugar, whereas a diet‐based intake of Neu5Gc provokes a natural immunization and production of anti‐Neu5Gc antibodies in human serum. However, Neu5Gc is expressed on mammal glycoproteins and glycolipids in most organs and cells. We review here the relevance of Neu5Gc and anti‐Neu5Gc antibodies in the context of xenotransplantation and the use of animal‐derived molecules and products, as well as the possible consequences of a long‐term exposure to anti‐Neu5Gc antibodies in recipients of xenografts. In addition, the importance of an accurate estimation of the anti‐Neu5Gc response following xenotransplantation and the future contribution of knockout animals mimicking the human situation are also assessed.
Twenty Whole-Genome
Bacillus
sp. Assemblies
Authors: Daligault H. E. , Davenport K. W. , Minogue T. D. , Bishop-Lilly K. A. , Broomall S. M. , Bruce D. C. , Chain P. S. , Coyne S. R. , Frey K. G. , Gibbons H. S. , Jaissle J. , Koroleva G. I. , Ladner J. T. , Lo C.-C. , Munk C. , Palacios G. F. , Redden C. L. , Rosenzweig C. N. , Scholz M. B. , Johnson S. L. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Bacilli are genetically and physiologically diverse, ranging from innocuous to highly pathogenic. Here, we present annotated genome assemblies for 20 strains belonging to
Bacillus anthracis
,
B. atrophaeus
,
B. cereus
,
B. licheniformis
,
B. macerans
,
B. megaterium
,
B. mycoides
, and
B. subtilis
.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Sphingobacterium
sp. Strain PM2-P1-29, a Tetracycline-Degrading TetX-Expressing Aerobic Bacterium Isolated from Agricultural Soil
Authors: Ghosh Sudeshna , LaPara Timothy M. , Sadowsky Michael J. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

The genome of
Sphingobacterium
sp. strain PM2-P1-29 was sequenced. The bacterium contains a physiologically active
tet
(X) gene, encoding a tetracycline-degrading monooxygenase. To our knowledge, this is the only bacterium naturally harboring
tet
(X) for which tetracycline degradation has been demonstrated.
Genome Sequence of the Sponge-Associated Ruegeria halocynthiae Strain MOLA R1/13b, a Marine
Roseobacter
with Two Quorum-Sensing-Based Communication Systems
Authors: Doberva Margot , Sanchez-Ferandin Sophie , Ferandin Yoan , Intertaglia Laurent , Croué Julie , Suzuki Marcelino , Lebaron Philippe , Lami Raphaël 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Ruegeria halocynthiae
MOLA R1/13b is an alphaproteobacterium isolated from the Mediterranean sea sponge
Crambe crambe
. We report here the genome sequence and its annotation, revealing the presence of quorum-sensing genes. This is the first report of the full genome of a
Ruegeria halocynthiae
strain.
Draft Genome Sequence of the First Isolate of Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ireland
Authors: Roycroft Emma , Mac Aogáin Micheál , O'Toole Ronan F. , Fitzgibbon Margaret , Rogers Thomas R. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
Extensive drug resistance is an emerging threat to the control of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide, even in countries with low TB incidence. We report the draft whole-genome sequence of the first reported extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) strain isolated in Ireland (a low-incidence setting) and describe a number of single-nucleotide variations that correlate with its XDR phenotype.
Draft Genome Sequences of Streptococcus bovis Strains ATCC 33317 and JB1
Authors: Benahmed Faiza H. , Gopinath Gopal R. , Harbottle Heather , Cotta Michael A. , Luo Yan , Henderson Carol , Teri Plona , Soppet Daniel , Rasmussen Mark , Whitehead Terence R. , Davidson Maureen 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequences of
Streptococcus bovis
strain ATCC 33317 (CVM42251) isolated from cow dung and strain JB1 (CVM42252) isolated from a cow rumen in 1977. The strains were sequenced using the Genome Sequencer FLX 454 system. The genome sizes are approximately 2 Mb and 2.2 Mb, respectively.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Cellulosimicrobium
sp. Strain MM, Isolated from Arsenic-Rich Microbial Mats of a Himalayan Hot Spring
Authors: Sharma Anukriti , Hira Princy , Shakarad Mallikarjun , Lal Rup 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Microbial mats situated at the Manikaran hot springs (>95°C) are characterized by their high arsenic content (140 ppb), qualifying as a stressed niche. Here, we report the annotated draft genome (3.85 Mb) of
Cellulosimicrobium
sp. strain MM, isolated from these microbial mats, consisting of 3,718 coding sequences, with an average % G+C of 74.4%.
Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Choleraesuis Vaccine Strain C500 Attenuated by Chemical Mutation
Authors: Li Qiuchun , Hu Yachen , Xu Lijuan , Xie Xiaolei , Tao Mingxin , Jiao Xinan 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTSalmonella entericaserovar Choleraesuis strain C500 is a live vaccine attenuated by chemical methods. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the strain, which may be helpful for elucidating the attenuation mechanism of the vaccine strain.
Draft Genome Sequence of FT9, a Novel Bacillus cereus Strain Isolated from a Brazilian Thermal Spring
Authors: Raiol Tainá , De-Souza Marlene Teixeira , Oliveira João Victor A. , Silva Helena Schubert da Incarnação Lima , Orem Juliana Capella , Cavalcante Danilo Andrade , Almeida Nalvo F. , Telles Guilherme P. , Setubal João Carlos , Brigido Marcelo M. , Torres Fernando A. G. , Stadler Peter S. , Walter Maria Emília M. T. , Moraes Lídia M. P. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

A
Bacillus cereus
strain, FT9, isolated from a hot spring in the midwest region of Brazil, had its entire genome sequenced.
Working better together: joint leadership development for doctors and managers
Authors: Kelly Nicola 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTraditionally, there have been tensions between frontline healthcare professionals and managers, with well-known stereotypes of difficult consultants and pen-pushing managers. Many junior doctors have limited management experience and have often never even met a manager prior to taking on a consultant role.Based on a successful programme pioneered by Dr Robert Klaber (Imperial, London) we have set-up an innovative scheme for Birmingham Children’s Hospital, pairing junior doctors and managers to learn and work together. Our aim was to cultivate positive attitudes and understanding between the two groups, break down inter-professional barriers, and to provide practical leadership experience and education.We recruited 60 managers and doctors to participate in shadowing, conversation, and quality improvement projects. Thought-provoking online materials, blogs, socials, and popular monthly workshops consisting of patient-focused debate and discussion around key leadership themes, have helped to support learning and cement shared values.Formal evaluation has demonstrated an improvement in how participants perceive their knowledge and ability based on key NHS Leadership Framework competencies. Participant feedback has been extremely positive, and everyone plans to continue to incorporate Paired Learning into their continuing professional development.We are now embedding Paired Learning in the on-going educational programme offered at Birmingham Children’s Hospital, whilst looking at extending the scheme to include different professional groups and other trusts across the region and nationally.
Dial a Doctor: Improving lines of communication on the acute admissions unit.
Authors: Schwartz Fionnuala 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Royal London Hospital operates a system of ‘specialty take triage’, meaning that multiple teams provide patient care on the hospital’s Acute Admission Unit (AAU). The aim of this project is to ensure the medical team for each patient can be promptly and easily contacted.An initial staff survey and engagement with key stakeholders assessed the baseline situation and guided a series of interventions, including the creation of ward whiteboards and funding for more portable phones. During further improvement cycles representatives from each profession were recruited to promote the new system, working groups held, and presentations made at staff meetings. The staff survey was repeated to gauge improvement.The initial survey of 33 staff revealed that there was no reliable system for ascertaining the specialty team to which a patient had been allocated or information on how to contact them. 39% of respondents reported experiencing a situation they felt was unsafe.Following the initial interventions, 25 staff responded to a second survey. 96% responded that the new system had made it easier to contact the correct medical team. The percentage of staff reporting difficulty knowing which medical team to contact most or everyday reduced from 66% to 32%. The percentage of those reporting difficulty contacting that team most or everyday reduced from 36% to 12%. There were 22 respondents to the survey following the second round of intervention. Less than 5% of staff reported difficulty most or everyday in both identifying the correct medical team and contacting them.There has been marked improvement in the ease of identifying and contacting the medical teams. This project is ongoing, recognising that further progress is required to ensure patient safety.
Opportunities and Challenges for the Use of Large-Scale Surveys in Public Health Research: A Comparison of the Assessment of Cancer Screening Behaviors
Authors: Hamilton Jada G. , Breen Nancy , Klabunde Carrie N. , Moser Richard P. , Leyva Bryan , Breslau Erica S. , Kobrin Sarah C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLarge-scale surveys that assess cancer prevention and control behaviors are a readily available, rich resource for public health researchers. Although these data are used by a subset of researchers who are familiar with them, their potential is not fully realized by the research community for reasons including lack of awareness of the data and limited understanding of their content, methodology, and utility. Until now, no comprehensive resource existed to describe and facilitate use of these data. To address this gap and maximize use of these data, we catalogued the characteristics and content of four surveys that assessed cancer screening behaviors in 2005, the most recent year with concurrent periods of data collection: the National Health Interview Survey, Health Information National Trends Survey, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and California Health Interview Survey. We documented each survey's characteristics, measures of cancer screening, and relevant correlates; examined how published studies (n = 78) have used the surveys' cancer screening data; and reviewed new cancer screening constructs measured in recent years. This information can guide researchers in deciding how to capitalize on the opportunities presented by these data resources. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 3–14. ©2014 AACR.
c-Abl Modulates Tumor Cell Sensitivity to Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
Authors: Murray Joseph C. , Aldeghaither Dalal , Wang Shangzi , Nasto Rochelle E. , Jablonski Sandra A. , Tang Yong , Weiner Louis M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) can modulate cancer cell signal transduction and recruit antitumor immune effector mechanisms—including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Although several clinically effective antibodies can promote ADCC, therapeutic resistance is common. We hypothesized that oncogenic signaling networks within tumor cells affect their sensitivity to ADCC. We developed a screening platform and targeted 60 genes derived from an EGFR gene network using RNAi in an in vitro ADCC model system. Knockdown of GRB7, PRKCE, and ABL1 enhanced ADCC by primary and secondary screens. ABL1 knockdown also reduced cell proliferation, independent of its ADCC enhancement effects. c-Abl overexpression decreased ADCC sensitivity and rescued the effects of ABL1 knockdown. Imatinib inhibition of c-Abl kinase activity also enhanced ADCC—phenocopying ABL1 knockdown—against several EGFR-expressing head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines by ex vivo primary natural killer cells. Our findings suggest that combining c-Abl inhibition with ADCC-promoting antibodies, such as cetuximab, could translate into increased therapeutic efficacy of mAbs. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(12); 1186–98. ©2014 AACR.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Decreases Formation and Severity of Angiotensin II–Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Thatcher Sean E. , Zhang Xuan , Howatt Deborah A. , Yiannikouris Frederique , Gurley Susan B. , Ennis Terri , Curci John A. , Daugherty Alan , Cassis Lisa A. 
Published: October 2014

Objective—
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cleaves angiotensin II (AngII) to form angiotensin-(1–7) (Ang-(1–7)), which generally opposes effects of AngII. AngII infusion into hypercholesterolemic male mice induces formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This study tests the hypothesis that deficiency of ACE2 promotes AngII-induced AAAs, whereas ACE2 activation suppresses aneurysm formation.

Approach and Results—

ACE2 protein was detectable by immunostaining in mice and human AAAs. Whole-body deficiency of ACE2 significantly increased aortic lumen diameters and external diameters of suprarenal aortas from AngII-infused mice. Conversely, ACE2 deficiency in bone marrow–derived cells had no effect on AngII-induced AAAs. In contrast to AngII-induced AAAs, ACE2 deficiency had no significant effect on external aortic diameters of elastase-induced AAAs. Because ACE2 deficiency promoted AAA formation in AngII-infused mice, we determined whether ACE2 activation suppressed AAAs. ACE2 activation by administration of diminazene aceturate (30 mg/kg per day) to
Ldlr
-/-
mice increased kidney ACE2 mRNA abundance and activity and elevated plasma Ang-(1–7) concentrations. Unexpectedly, administration of diminazene aceturate significantly reduced total sera cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations. Notably, diminazene aceturate significantly decreased aortic lumen diameters and aortic external diameters of AngII-infused mice resulting in a marked reduction in AAA incidence (from 73% to 29%). None of these effects of diminazene aceturate were observed in the
Ace2
-/y
mice.

Conclusions—
These results demonstrate that ACE2 exerts a modulatory role in AngII-induced AAA formation, and that therapeutic stimulation of ACE2 could be a benefit to reduce AAA expansion and rupture in patients with an activated renin–angiotensin system.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (+) Lesions After Intracranial Stenting and Its Relationship With Symptomatic Ischemic Complications
Authors: Park Keun Young , Kim Byung Moon , Kim Dong Joon , Kim Dong Ik , Heo Ji Hoe , Nam Hyo Suk , Kim Young Dae , Song Dongbeom 
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—
Little is known about high-signal lesions in magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI [+]) after stenting for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, distribution, risk factors, and clinical implications of DWI (+) after intracranial stenting.

Methods—
A total of 123 patients (male:female=88:35, mean age, 64.1 years) with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (mean stenosis, 76.1±7.7%) underwent both stenting and poststenting DWI. The incidence, distribution (embolic-alone versus stenosis-associated perforator/mixed), and risk factors of DWI (+) and its relationship with symptomatic ischemic complications (SIC, including stroke or transient ischemic attack) were retrospectively evaluated.

Results—

Forty-three patients (35.0%) had DWI (+). Middle cerebral artery, smaller distal parent artery, and treatment-related dissection were independent risk factors for DWI (+) (
P
<0.05). SIC occurred in 4 patients (3.3%), all of whom had DWI (+). Of the patients with DWI (+), neither the number nor the volume of DWI (+) differed significantly between SIC and asymptomatic patients: median number/patient, 3.5 (range, 2–11) versus 2.0 (range, 1–11) and median volume/patient, 329.8 mm
3
(range, 76–883.5 mm
3
) versus 119.5 mm
3
(range, 32.5–873.0 mm
3
). However, SIC occurred more frequently in the stenosis-associated perforator/mixed type (3/11, 27.3%) than in the embolic-alone type (1/32, 3.1%;
P
<0.05).

Conclusions—
The incidence of DWI (+) after intracranial stenting for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis was 35.0%. Middle cerebral artery, smaller distal parent artery, and treatment-related dissection were independent risk factors for DWI (+). SIC occurred more frequently in the stenosis-associated perforator/mixed type than in the embolic-alone type.
Comparative Effectiveness of Carotid Revascularization Therapies
Authors: McDonald Robert J. , McDonald Jennifer S. , Therneau Terry M. , Lanzino Giuseppe , Kallmes David F. , Cloft Harry J. 
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—
Clinical equipoise of carotid revascularization therapies remains controversial. We sought to determine whether adverse outcomes after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) were similar using propensity score–matched analysis of retrospective data from a large hospital discharge database.

Methods—
All CEA and CAS cases were identified from the 2006 to 2011 Premier Perspective Database and subjected to 1:1 propensity score matching using 33 clinical covariates associated with carotid revascularization. A primary composite end point of peri- or postoperative mortality, stroke, or acute myocardial infarction and a modified composite end point excluding acute myocardial infarction were used to compare our findings with recent prospective controlled trials. Multivariate regression and Cox-proportional hazard ratio survival analysis were performed to compare revascularization therapy outcomes.

Results—

After 1:1 propensity score matching, 24 004 (12 002 CEA and CAS) asymptomatic and 3506 (1753 CEA and CAS) symptomatic procedures were included. The risk of the primary composite end point was significantly higher after CAS than CEA in both asymptomatic (odds ratio, 1.40 [1.19–1.65];
P
<0.0001) and symptomatic (odds ratio=2.31 [1.78–3.00];
P
<0.0001) presentations, irrespective of age (
P
=0.28) or sex (
P
=0.35). Similar findings were observed using the modified composite end point for both asymptomatic (odds ratio, 1.49 [1.25–1.78];
P
<0.0001) and symptomatic (odds ratio, 3.02 [2.25–4.07];
P
<0.0001) presentations. Acute myocardial infarction risk was not significantly different between revascularization therapies, regardless of clinical presentation (
P
=0.71 and 0.24).

Conclusions—
Among individuals undergoing carotid artery revascularization from a large sample of US hospitals, CAS was associated with higher risk of perioperative mortality, stroke, and unfavorable discharges compared with CEA for all ages and clinical presentations.