bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análisis asintótico y aproximación de Padé en problemas de propagacion de grietas con difusión controlada
Authors: Balueva Alla V. , Germanovich Leonid N. 
Published: August 2014

En este trabajo, consideramos la fractura de difución controlada axisimétrica en un espacio infinito, y en el semiespacio. Un ejemplo importante del crecimiento de una fractura de difusión controlada es dado por el hidrógeno inducido en agrietamiento. En metales, el hidrógeno es típicamente disuelto en forma de protones. Cuando los protones alcanzan la superficie de la grieta, se recombinan con electrones y forman hidrógeno molecular en la cavidad de la grieta. Entonces, la fractura puede propagar aún en ausencia de cualquier carga externa, esto es, sólo bajo presión excesiva de gas hidrógeno acumulado dentro de la grieta.}
Nuestros resultados muestran que en la aproximación asintótica a largo plazo (basada en la solución cuasiestática), la delaminación de difusión controlada propaga con velocidad constante. Nosotros determinamos una concentración crítica ́máxima que limita el uso de la solución cuasiestática. Una solución transitoria, que representa una aproximación asintótica de corto plazo, es usada cuando la concentración del gas excede la concentración crítica. Entonces apareamos estos dos casos usando el método de aproximaciones de Padé y presentamos soluciones en forma cerrada tanto para propagación de grietas de difusión controlada internas como cercanas a la superficie, en diferentes escalas de tiempo.
Análisis comparativo de la estructura orbital de modelos de galaxias triaxiales no cuspidales y cuspidales utilizando distintas expansiones para el potencial gravitatorio
Authors: Navone Hugo D. , Zorzi Alejandra F. 
Published: August 2014

Un método para generar modelos de galaxias elípticas consiste en partir de un sistema de partículas con una configuración adecuada y seguir su evolución con un código de N-cuerpos hasta que alcanza el equilibrio. En trabajos anteriores hemos utilizado el código de L.A. Aguilar para generar modelos tanto no cuspidales como cuspidales, ofreciendo los segundos una mejor representación de las galaxias elípticas. Sin embargo, el método propuesto por Hernquist & Ostriker es más adecuado para los casos con cúspides centrales, puesto que utiliza una expansión del potencial en funciones radiales que ya tiene caracter cuspidal. Aquí consideramos dos modelos, uno no cuspidal y otro cuspidal, obtenidos con el método de Aguilar y cuyos potenciales ajustamos ahora con la expansión de Hernquist & Ostriker. Obtuvimos las ecuaciones variacionales correspondientes y las empleamos para determinar los exponentes de Lyapunov de órbitas ya estudiadas con el método de Aguilar y separar las caóticas. Las ́orbitas regulares las clasificamos mediante el análisis de sus frecuencias orbitales. Presentamos una comparación de los resultados obtenidos con los dos métodos para ambos tipos de órbitas.
Isomorfismo de grafos y de funciones lógicas con algunas aplicaciones
Authors: Bulat Mijail 
Published: August 2014

Se propone un método de solución del problema de isomorfismo para grafos que permite reducir esencialmente el sondeo de variantes durante el proceso de solución. En la base de dos sucesiones de sustituciones se dan las condiciones necesarias y suficientes de la existencia de isomorfismo. El método se aplica para cualesquiera grafos (dirigidos, no – dirigidos, pesados y etc.) e hipergrafos. Con algunas modificaciones se usa para resolver el mismo problema para funciones lógicas. Se examinan unas aplicaciones: 1. la búsqueda de los ciclos (cadenas) hamiltonianos, 2. la solución del problema de Frobenius para matrices equivalentes, 3. la codificación de los estados interiores de la máquina finita.
Un enfoque diferente de las técnicas de clustering para el estudio de epidemias
Authors: Casas Cardoso Gladys , Grau Abalo Ricardo 
Published: August 2014

La clasificación de un brote con la categoría de epidemia requiere del cumplimiento de determinados parámetros epidemiológicos y estadísticos que necesitan de un estudio simultáneo; la teoría matemática ayuda a los epidemiólogos en la detección de las epidemias en aquellos casos en los que no está clara su evidencia. Actualmente estas situaciones se han comenzado a estudiar mediante las denominadas técnicas de clustering (del inglés cluster que significa aglomeración), apoyados en productos de software especializaos en el tema. El presente trabajo está encaminado al estudio actualizado de dichas técnicas y a su mejoramiento mediante la inclusión de factores de riesgos. Se expone una aplicación con datos reales.
Modeling genetic algorithms with interacting particle systems
Authors: Del Moral P. , Kallel L. , Rowe J. 
Published: August 2014

We present in this work a natural Interacting Particle System (IPS) approach for modeling and studying the asymptotic behavior of Genetic Algorithms (GAs). In this model, a population is seen as a distribution (or measure) on the search space, and the Genetic Algorithm as a measure valued dynamical system. This model allows one to apply recent convergence results from the IPS literature for studying the convergence of genetic algorithms when the size of the population tends to infinity.
We first review a number of approaches to Genetic Algorithms modeling and related convergence results. We then describe a general and abstract discrete time Interacting Particle System model for GAs, and we propose a brief review of some recent asymptotic results about the convergence of the N -IPS approximating model (of finite N -sized-population GAs) towards the IPS model (of infinite population GAs), including law of large number theorems, ILp-mean and exponential bounds as well as large deviations principles.
Finally, the impact of modeling Genetic Algorithms with our interacting particle system approach is detailed on different classes of generic genetic algorithms including mutation, cross-over and proportionate selection. We explore the connections between Feynman-Kac distribution flows and the simple genetic algorithm. This Feynman-Kac representation of the infinite population model is then used to develop asymptotic stability and uniform convergence results with respect to the time parameter.
Aproximación fractal para semivariogramas freáticos
Authors: Mercado E. José R. , Lázaro Ch. P. , Brambila P. F. , Fuentes R. C. 
Published: August 2014

Se integra sobre la medida de Hausdorff y se obtiene el exponente Hölder como la codimensión DT −D del fractal, en el espacio Euclidiano en que se encuentra inmerso. Ésto ha resultado de la aplicación de la concepción de integral de Daniell, que posibilita integrar funciones de Lipschitz y de Hölder sobre las medidas de Baire y también, de definir el espacio de fractales con la métrica de Hutchinson.
Se obtiene la potencia para el modelo [potenciado]* de los semivariogramas de procesos estacionarios. Se aplica a los niveles de los mantos freáticos del Valle del Carrizo, Sinaloa, México, y se crean los semivariogramas experimentales y el de ajuste con un modelo potencial, encontrándose que su potencia es β = 1,5. Se obtiene también, que la dimensión fractal de estos mantos es de 2,25.
International leadership in nursing
Authors: Williams Ged F. , Cañón Montañez Wilson 
Published: August 2014

<h5><span>As the global community becomes overwhelmed by conflict, threat and scandal in many countries it is heartening to find that many of us can still find opportunity to give generously to the betterment of humanity.</span></h5><div><h5><span>Recently we have both had our share of fun and excitement working and learning in various regions of the world, Ged in the Middle East and Africa and Wilson in the USA, The Netherlands and Brazil.</span></h5><h5><span>We are often asked “how do you develop an international perspective”? The short answer is that it is an insidious accident sometimes, however like many things a deeper analysis reveals a journey that is often planned and other times blessed by unexpected surprises. However a sense of openness, generosity and adventure is always necessary to maximise every opportunity.</span></h5><h5><span>Among other things, Ged allocated time to travel and to visit hospitals and nurses in other parts of Australia and the world, listening to people’s stories, dreams, and aspirations and providing reciprocal encouragement and fellowship, often through interpreters.</span><span style="font-size: 0.83em;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10px;">(Rev Cuid 2013; 4(1):433-6).</span></h5><div><em><br /></em></div></div>
Reinvigorating Comparative Law through Behavioral Economics? A Cautiously Optimistic View
Authors: De Coninck Julie 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to investigate whether (evolutionary informed) research in behavioral economics can be of use to reinvigorate comparative legal research. The article is structured as follows. After a brief introduction, the second section identifies two overarching (and closely related) deficiencies that seem to permeate the various contemporary comparative law methodologies: first, their widespread disinterest in empirical support that would substantiate or refute their distinct working assumptions and often sweeping claims, and second, the lack of specification of the otherwise oft-invoked notion of culture. The third section then explores whether research in behavioral economics can be put to use to address these deficiencies. First, it is submitted that the behavioral patterns that form the subject matter of behavioral economics offer an interesting avenue for developing empirically better underpinned and legally sufficiently neutral comparative standards. Subsequently, the article examines research that is collecting data on cross-cultural differences in behavior, attempting to relate the observed behavioral variability to more specified macro-level variables. Although clearly much work remains to be done, it is argued that this type of research can be instructive for comparative legal scholars who take an interest in developing an alternative to the (use of a) fourre-tout concept of culture in comparative law.
Legal Evolution: Integrating Economic and Systemic Approaches
Authors: Deakin Simon 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper explores the scope for synthesis between economic and systemic approaches to the understanding of legal evolution. The evolutionary and epistemic branches of game theory predict that stable norms will emerge when agents share common beliefs concerning future states of the world. Systems theory sees the legal order as a social system which reproduces itself by recursive acts of legal communication, thereby giving rise to self-reference and operational closure. At the same time, the legal system is cognitively open, that is to say, indirectly influenced by other social systems in its environment. This gives rise to the possibility of coevolution of law and the economy. It will be argued that systems theory, by developing the idea of law as an adaptive system with cognitive properties, provides a missing link in the evolutionary theory of norms. Recent game theoretical models imply that common knowledge is not entirely endogenous to agents’ interactions, but depends to a certain extent on emergent normative structures. These include the public representations of common knowledge which are provided by the legal system. The paper will explore the implications of this idea, argue for an integrated economic and systemic analysis of legal evolution, and consider some of the theoretical and methodological implications of such a step.
Introduction: Symposium on Evolutionary Approaches to (Comparative) Law: Integrating Theoretical Perspectives
Authors: Du Laing Bart , De Coninck Julie 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The papers in this theme issue arise from an expert seminar held at Ghent University’s Department of Legal Theory and Legal History on April 23-24, 2010. Evolutionary theory was once an important source of inspiration for some of the founding fathers of comparative law, as well as for legal theory more generally. Today, however, while evolutionary theory seems to have lost its appeal in the comparative law community, various evolutionary approaches to law and legal phenomena in general seem to have been regaining momentum. Hence, the main purpose of the seminar was to investigate (a) how these different evolutionary approaches relate to one another and what are their relative strengths and weaknesses, and (b) if and how they could be rendered useful and effectively combined for the purpose of developing a more rigorous explanatory comparative legal theory.
Effect of Penicillium Extractsa on Germination Vigor in Subsequent Seedling Growth of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Nasim Ghazala , Mushtaq Sobia , Mukhtar Irum , Khokhar Ibatsam 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPenicilliumspp. are well known to produce a variety of beneficial metabolites for plant growth and survival, as well as defend their hosts from attack of certain pathogens. In this study, effects of culture filtrate of differentPenicilliumspp. were tested on tomato seeds. On the whole, presoaking of seeds in filtrates of the ninePenicilliumisolates tested, significantly increased seed germination when compared with the control seeds. Cultural extracts ofP. expensumandP. billiwere highly effective in growth promotion up to 90%. It was also observed thatP. implicatumandP. oxlalicamsignificantly enhanced the root growth in tomato seedling as compare to other species. In case of shoot length,P. verrucosum(3.38),P. granulatum(2.81) andP. implicatum(2.62) were effective. HoweverP. implicatumwas quite promising to increase shoot and root length in tomato seedlings. Where asP. simplicissimiumandP. citrinumwere leas effective on seedling growth. The plant growth promoting ability ofPenicilliumstrains may help in growth permotion in other plants and crops.Penicilliumspp. are already known for producing mycotoxin and enzymes. Plant growth promoting ability ofPenicilliumspp will open new aspects of research and investigations. The role ofPenicil-liumspp. in tomato plant growth requires further exploration.
Evaluation of Stability of Field Pea genotypes in response to Mycosphaerella Pinodes Infection
Authors: Boros Lech 
Published: August 2014

AbstractInteraction of genotypes with environment for quantitative traits among them certain disease resistance makes difficult choice of proper genotypes for breeding proposes and may affects further cultivation effects. The aim of this study was assessment of stability of reaction toMycosphaerella pinodesinfection for the set of pea genotypes in four years field experiments with vary epidemic pressure. The Sheffé-Caliński mixed model and the Caliński-Kaczmarek joint regression model for genotype-environment interaction analysis was applied. Tested pea genotypes were grouped into two categories; responding stable toM. pinodes(reacting proportionally to changed environment) and unstable ones (showing significant interaction with environment). The unstable genotypes reacted irregularly to environments (not able to describe the reaction toM. pinodesby any linear regression function). Pea genotypes PI 142441, PI 142442, PI 404221, PI 413691, cv. Radley and Bohun were characterized by high negative main effects (most resistant) for disease severity and showed stable response toM. pinodesinfection. Stability of mycospharealla blight reactions was not associated with the level of resistance in the cultivars tested.
Effect of Different Cropping Conditions, Depth of Burial, Age of Seeds, and Allelopathic Effect of Different Crops on the Germination Behavior of Little Seed Canary Grass (Phalaris Minor Retz.) Seeds
Authors: Prabhakar Sivapuram Venkata Rama Krishna , Yaduraju N.T. , Dadlani Malavika , Gopal M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPot culture experiments were conducted to find out the effect of different cropping conditions, depth of burial and age of seeds on the survival of little seed canary grass (Phalaris minorRetz.) seeds. The results indicated that the soil temperature modifications through the flooding or filed capacity moisture status of the soil influenced the germination and viability of the buried weed seeds rather than the cropsper se. It was observed that the seeds lost their viability because of the anaerobic conditions and high temperatures and through increased membrane permeability of the seeds. TheP. minorRetz. seeds were found to be sensitive to anaerobic conditions. The longevity of seeds buried in rice-wheat system and Flooding-wheat system was found low when compared to those buried under soybean-wheat and field capacity-wheat conditions. Thein situeffect of rainy season (kharif) crops was found to confine to influencing the initial germination (vigor) of the little seed canary grass with cowpea, groundnut, soybean and sunflower inhibiting the initial germination of little seed canary grass. This inhibition was absent at the end of germination counts taken after twenty days after keeping for germination. The residual effect of cowpea, rice, soybean and sunflower was observed. The application of pearl millet and rice residues has considerably reduced the little seed canary grass germination, plant height, seedling fresh weight and leaf area at thirty days after sowing.
Antibody‐mediated immunity induced by engineered Escherichia coli OMVs carrying heterologous antigens in their lumen
Authors: Fantappiè Laura , de Santis Micaela , Chiarot Emiliano , Carboni Filippo , Bensi Giuliano , Jousson Olivier , Margarit Immaculada , Grandi Guido 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundOuter membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram‐negative bacteria are gaining increasing attention as vaccine platform for their built‐in adjuvanticity and for their potential use as carriers of heterologous antigens. These 2 properties offer the opportunity to make highly effective, easy to produce multi‐valent vaccines. OMVs can be loaded with foreign antigens by targeting protein expression either to the outer membrane or to the periplasm of the OMV‐producing strain. Periplasmic expression is simple and relatively efficient but leads to the accumulation of recombinant antigens in the lumen of OMVs and the ability of OMVs carrying internalized antigens to induce antigen‐specific antibody responses has been only marginally investigated and is considered to be sub‐optimal.MethodsWe have systematically analyzed in qualitative and quantitative terms antibody responses induced by OMVs carrying different heterologous antigens in their lumen. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) Slo, SpyCEP, Spy0269 and Group B Streptococcus (GBS) SAM_1372 were fused to the OmpA leader sequence for secretion and expressed in Escherichia coli. OMVs from the recombinant strains were purified and tested for immunogenicity and protective activity.ResultsAll proteins were incorporated into the OMVs lumen in their native conformation. Upon mice immunization, OMVs induced high functional antibody titers against the recombinant proteins. Furthermore, immunization with Slo‐OMVs and SpyCEP‐OMVs protected mice against GAS lethal challenge.ConclusionsThe efficiency of antigen delivery to the vesicular lumen via periplasmic expression, and the surprisingly high immunogenicity and protective activity of OMVs carrying internalized recombinant antigens further strengthens the potential of OMVs as vaccine platform.
Surgically Induced Astigmatism Following Medial Rectus Recession: Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Kutlutürk Isil , Eren Zeynep , Koytak Arif , Sari Esin Sögütlü , Alis Abdulkadir , Özertürk Yusuf 
Published: August 2014

Purpose:
The current study aimed to investigate short- and long-term postoperative ocular refractive effects of medial rectus recession on the involved eye and to describe the detectable effects in detail by the results of vector analysis.

Methods:
Data of patients in whom medial rectus recession was performed between 2010 and 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. The study included 52 eyes of 32 patients. Patients with a history of previous ocular surgery, congenital or progressive corneal disease, familial or acquired posterior segment disease, glaucoma, a history of ocular trauma, or any neurological or systemic disease were excluded. Best-corrected and uncorrected visual acuities and refraction examination findings of the patients were recorded before the surgery and at the postoperative first month and first year. A vector analysis program was used to analyze surgically induced astigmatism.

Results:
Significant myopic shift and astigmatic change were determined in the spherical equivalent refraction in the early postoperative period (first month); however, these changes disappeared in the long term (at the postoperative first year). A positive correlation was not observed between the amount of surgical recession and the results of ophthalmic examination at the postoperative first month and first year.

Conclusions:
Only postoperative first month spherical equivalent showed a positive correlation with the amount of surgical recession; however, this correlation disappeared at the postoperative first year.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(3):171–176.]
Fusion Maldevelopment (Latent/Manifest Latent) Nystagmus Syndrome: Effects of Four-Muscle Tenotomy and Reattachment
Authors: Dell’Osso Louis F. , Orge Faruk H. , Jacobs Jonathan B. , Wang Zhong I. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose:To examine the waveform and clinical effects of the four-muscle tenotomy and reattachment procedure in fusion maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome (FMNS) and to compare them to those documented in infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) and acquired nystagmus.Methods:Both infrared reflection and high-speed digital video systems were used to record the eye movements in a patient with FMNS (before and after tenotomy and reattachment). Data were analyzed using the eXpanded Nystagmus Acuity Function (NAFX) that is part of the OMtools software. Model simulations and predictions were performed using the authors’ behavioral ocular motor system model in MATLAB Simulink (The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA).Results:The model predicted, and the patient’s data confirmed, that the tenotomy and reattachment procedure produces improvements in FMN waveforms across a broader field of gaze and decreases the Alexander’s law variation. The patient’s tenotomy and reattachment plots of NAFX after surgery versus gaze angle were higher and had lower slope than before surgery. Clinically, despite moderate improvements in both peak measured acuity and stereoacuity, dramatic improvements in the patient’s abilities and lifestyle resulted.Conclusions:The four-muscle tenotomy and reattachment nystagmus surgery produced beneficial therapeutic effects on FMN waveforms that are similar to those demonstrated in INS and acquired nystagmus. These results support the authors’ prior recommendation that tenotomy and reattachment nystagmus should be added to required strabismus procedures in patients who also have FMNS (ie, perform tenotomy and reattachment on all unoperated muscles in the plane of the nystagmus). Furthermore, when strabismus surgery is not required, four-muscle tenotomy and reattachment may be used to improve FMN waveforms and visual function.[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(3):180–188.]