bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Analysis of a Tracking Solar Water Heating System by Real Time Digital Tracking Method
Authors: Rhushi Prasad P. , Gangavati P. B. , Byregowda H. V. , Badarinarayan K. S. 
Published: April 2014

Nowadays the field of applied mechanical systems opens new horizons for the use of orientation mechanisms. The opportunity to use mechanisms with a “sustainable purpose” leads to new approaches in the development of renewable energy systems design. In literature review many authors says the evaluation of the existing products shows that the tracking mechanisms for solar energy conversion systems may improve the efficiency of the solar energy conversion systems up to 30% to 50%. Applications of solar energy for domestic and industrial heating purposes are becoming very popular. However the effectiveness of presently used fixed flat plate collectors, photovoltaic panels and parabolic collector are low due to the moving nature of the energy source.
This paper presents researches in the field of increasing the efficiency of the solar energy conversion by using tracking systems with flat plate collector of solar water heating system with the aim to change the position of the solar collector/solar panels correlated to the sun position for maximizing the use of beam radiation by real time digital tracking method.
H.V. Byregowda et.al. optimized the interaction between the mechatronic system components by integrating the analog electronic system by using a 555 timer in the mechanical model by designing a single axis low cost tracking system of experimental model in order to reduce cost and show improvement in efficiency of tracking systems before beginning with the virtual prototype level. The work done by these authors was at chickballapur location in BGS R&D centre, SJCIT College. The result Obtained in their research work is that, the thermal efficiency was increased by 21% with tracking of manual method and by 24% with analog method of automatic tracking system.
In the present work, a new method of tracking system has been developed electronically with solar water heating systems used in homes for water heating and Power utilization as multiple purpose domestic applications by adding real time clock (RTC) digital, microcontroller, DC motor, Electronics circuit board, batteries and photovoltaic panels along with water tank, flat plate collector which are existing at present in homes only for water heating applications. The results obtained in present work of digital tracking system the thermal efficiency of experimental working model of flat plate collector shows 30% increase when compared with tracking system and non tracking system.
Mechatronics Product Design Methodology
Authors: Dorador-Gonzalez Jesus Manuel , Penuelas-Rivas Ulises Martin 
Published: April 2014

It is quite common to find information about Product Design methodologies; however these methodologies are focused on Mechanical Design, Electronics Design or even Software Design. A methodology for Mechatronics Design has been developed at the National University of Mexico and has been tested for several years. Now a focus on product design has been included to expand this methodology that was mostly dedicated to one-of-a-kind machine design and not to product design.
This paper presents both the Mechatronics Product Design Methodology and the results obtained in the Product Design course taught to interdisciplinary teams of Mechanical, Mechatronics, Industrial Engineers and Industrial Designers. An assessment of the implementation problems and how these have been solved is presented together with the products developed by the students.
Advanced Automatic Steering Systems for Multiple Articulated Road Vehicles
Authors: Wagner Sebastian , Nitzsche Gunter , Huber Robert 
Published: April 2014

This article describes a novel automatic steering system for a 30.73m long double articulated bus equipped with three independent steer-by-wire axles. Two model-based control design approaches are proposed. The first approach uses a kinetic vehicle model to design a train-like guidance system and a force-canceling that avoids excessive mechanical stress in the joints and the chassis.
While the first approach requires high computational efforts, the second approach utilizes a kinematic model to design an extended Ackermann-steering system that performs well on available electronic control units (ECU).
Multi-body-system (MBS) simulations show that both approaches offer high tracking performance and low mechanical stress in the chassis of the vehicle. Furthermore, road tests with the prototype AutoTram® Extra Grand confirm the simulation results.
Factors Contributing to Spiral Humerus Fracture During Muscle-Up Exercise
Authors: Matal Megan A. , Barez Fred , Lee John , Wagner David 
Published: April 2014

Spiral humerus fractures associated with extreme muscular torsion loading have been well documented in literature. Throwing motions and arm wrestling are the two causes most often researched, while spiral fractures associated with gymnastics have received less attention. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that may contribute to torsional failure of the humerus while performing a gymnastics move known as a muscle-up. Primary motivation for this study was the result of the author sustaining a spiral fracture to the distal aspect of her left humerus while attempting a muscle-up. To the author’s knowledge, no previous studies analyzing the forces imposed on the upper extremities during a muscle-up have been conducted.
Utilizing the author’s estimated anthropometric measurements and the kinematic and kinetic constraints of the muscle-up activity, the torque acting about the long axis of the humerus was determined in two ways. First, an analytical approach was used to calculate the forces and moments within a simplified linkage representation of the upper extremity for several representative muscle-up postures. The second method was a computer simulation that modeled the entire body with muscles in several different kinematic positions and outputted internal body elbow joint net moments.
The analytical approach resulted in torques between 12.0 N·m and 29.3 N·m. The kinetics derived with the computer simulation revealed joint reaction torques between 13 N·m and 38 N·m and net axial torques between 29.1 N·m and 69.1 N·m acting on the left humerus. The internal moments predicted using the computer simulation were above the author’s minimum predicted torque, 53 N·m, associated with humerus fracture initiation.
Although there may be many factors that contribute to spiral humerus fracture, in this study, it was determined that the kinematic positions of the muscle-up movement are sufficiently extreme so as to produce torques capable of resulting in spiral humerus fracture.
Some Results of Statistical Modeling of the Small-Scale Turbulence Structure Revealed With Consideration of Intermittency
Authors: Nuzhnov Yu. V. 
Published: April 2014

Statistical theory of the small-scale structure of turbulent flows with consideration of intermittency is revised and some calculation results of variability constants, including the breakdown coefficients (the scaling exponents) and Kolmogorov constants (for “two-thirds” and the energy dissipation power laws) in the inertial-subrange, are presented.
The theory is constructed on the assumption of the presence of the turbulent and nonturbulent fluid (medium) within the generalized region of a turbulent flow as well as the dissipative and nondissipative fluid within a turbulent fluid. It is assumed that Kolmogorov laws are only true to a dissipative fluid; all small-scale constants of the theory are treated as statistical variability constants and depend on intermittency coefficient. A correlation between inertial-subrange variability constants and intermittency coefficient is established as well as that between the coefficients of the internal and external intermittency. The variability constants were calculated and compared with the data of the well studied (on experimental target) small-scale structure of the nonhomogeneous turbulent flows of a classical type.
In conclusion, one of the distinctive features of the presented theory is that the statistical nature of inertial-subrange variability constants, including scaling exponents in power laws and Kolmogorov constants, was taken into account.
Integrated Study of a Minimum Exergy Destruction Building Conditioning System
Authors: Ferraro Fabrizio , Sciubba Enrico , Toro Claudia 
Published: April 2014

The relatively low average conversion efficiency of air-conditioning systems and the recently imposed upper bounds to the final energy use in the heating and cooling of residential buildings suggest to consider new approaches to design less energy intensive systems.
An integrated, exergy-based approach for the optimal matching of internal and external heating plants in building conditioning systems has been proposed — and its theoretical basis discussed — in a previous paper. The procedure allows the designer to obtain a pseudo-optimal integration of the building and its heating plant (heating element + primary energy supply system) and to identify, among a set of alternative solutions for the building under examination, the thermodynamically most efficient plant.
The objective of this paper is to validate the method on a real building in order to demonstrate its practical applicability. The large “Chiostro Hall” (220 square meters, 1245 cubic meters) of the Engineering School of the University “Sapienza” of Roma has been employed as the benchmark. This is the main hall of the building, reconverted from a previously existing Renaissance structure, the old convent of San Lorenzo in Panisperna, which was in turn built on the ruins of a pre-christian roman basilica and of a portion of emperor Nero’s Domus Aurea.
The hall consists of two semi-connected rooms, originally the Refectory of the old Convent, that are now used for public events, conferences and graduation ceremonies.
This structure can be considered as a model case for similar halls in historical buildings, so that the guidelines deriving from the present study can be extended to other similar environments.
The current heating elements are traditional radiators: in our simulations, they have been successively replaced by other elements such as floor and ceiling heating panels and fan coils. Each one of these configurations (the hall and its heating elements) has been modeled and simulated via a commercial CFD code to generate detailed thermal maps and to compute the actual thermal load. Different global “heating chains” were then modeled by coupling solar and hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) panels with radiant panels and ground-source heat pumps with fan coils and radiant heating panels. Finally by means of a process simulator software each one of these configurations was analyzed to identify the one that provides the same comfort level with the least exergy use. The procedure also allows to calculate the savings obtained in terms of primary resources.
An Investigation Into Acoustics and Vibraton of CPAP Devices: Numerical Prediction of Centrifugal Fan Acoustics and Vibration
Authors: Vuong Xuan-Tung , Al-Jumaily A. M. , Paxton Robert 
Published: April 2014

Continuous Positive Air Pressure (CPAP) devices are used to generate pressurized airflow to relieve upper airways and allow Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) patients to breathe comfortably and easily. The airflow path in these devices consists of several components including but is not limited to inlet and outlet ducts, a centrifugal fan, a humidifier and a human interface. These components contribute significantly to the noise generated by the airflow.
This research paper present a numerical study of a centrifugal fan performed with commercial ANSYS software package to predict the sound and vibration produced by the centrifugal fan. The methodologies are following: first, the unsteady flow field is computed using the CFD model to obtain aerodynamic quantities and sound sources. Then, the finite element method (FEM) is used to predict the flow-induced vibration using the predicted aerodynamic quantities. Finally, the Ffowcs-William and Hawkings’s (FW-H) acoustic analogy is used to predict the acoustic pressure at the far-field using the sound sources from the unsteady simulation.
Kinect-Based Universal Range Sensor for Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Zhang Mingshao , Zhang Zhou , Aziz El-Sayed , Esche Sven K. , Chassapis Constantin 
Published: April 2014

The Microsoft Kinect is part of a wave of new sensing technologies. Its RGB-D camera is capable of providing high quality synchronized video of both color and depth data. Compared to traditional 3-D tracking techniques that use two separate RGB cameras’ images to calculate depth data, the Kinect is able to produce more robust and reliable results in object recognition and motion tracking. Also, due to its low cost, the Kinect provides more opportunities for use in many areas compared to traditional more expensive 3-D scanners. In order to use the Kinect as a range sensor, algorithms must be designed to first recognize objects of interest and then track their motions. Although a large number of algorithms for both 2-D and 3-D object detection have been published, reliable and efficient algorithms for 3-D object motion tracking are rare, especially using Kinect as a range sensor.
In this paper, algorithms for object recognition and tracking that can make use of both RGB and depth data in different scenarios are introduced. Subsequently, efficient methods for scene segmentation including background and noise filtering are discussed. Taking advantage of those two kinds of methods, a prototype system that is capable of working efficiently and stably in various applications related to educational laboratories is presented.
Investigation of Air Flow Cooling of Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Lukhanin Alexey , Byelyayev Andrey , Fedorchenko Dmitrij , Khazhmuradov Manap , Lukhanin Oleksandr , Martynov Sergey , Rudychev Yegor , Sporov Eugene , Rohatgi Upendra S. 
Published: April 2014

Lithium -ion batteries are used in electric cars, hybrid cars and Boeing 787 Dreamliner. There is an issue with heat generation in these batteries that may cause fire and reduce performance.
An experimental chamber has been setup that provides dynamic and static cooling/heating regimes for Li-ion batteries. Air flow is produced by air station with maximum output of 80 m3/h. The maximum possible pressure drop is 7000 Pa. Air station can work both in pumping and exhausting mode. This test setup will be used to study various surface topology to enhance heat transfer without increase weight.
Experimental setup contains two-stage temperature stabilization system. During the first stage we use the preliminary heating or cooling of the inlet air in the air buffer. The aim is to achieve the air temperature close to required inlet temperature. During the next stage air passes through the chamber with temperature controller where eventually the flow temperature is set. This approach provides flow temperature stabilization within −30°C to +50°C range with 0.2°C accuracy.
For our studies we have designed and manufactured simulators of Li-ion battery power cells with the same thermal properties as the original ones. Each simulator contains 40 surface temperature sensors (20 per side). The data from sensors is transferred to computer by the NI-6225 PC card for control and further processing. The design of the simulators provides information about the placement of cooling surfaces with various surface elements and its efficiency — fins, triangles, wings, etc.
In this paper, the characteristics of cooling surfaces with filleted pins will be reported. We have measured the surface temperature distributions and obtained the corresponding cooling diagrams for 10–40°C temperature range and 1 m/sec – 4 m/sec flow rates. The experimental results are compared to the computer simulation using SolidWorks Flow Simulation™ software.
Effect of Viscous Dissipation on Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Parallel Plate Channels With Asymmetric Boundary Conditions
Authors: Repaka Ramjee , Satyamurty V. V. 
Published: April 2014

Effect of viscous dissipation on steady two-dimensional laminar forced convection in hydrodynamically developed and thermally developing flow between asymmetrically heated parallel plates (the plates have been kept at unequal temperatures) has been studied. The asymmetric heating is characterized by an asymmetry parameter, A, defined as the ratio of wall temperatures in excess of the fluid inlet temperature. Viscous dissipation is characterized by the Brinkman number, Br. Br <0, when the fluid is being heated and Br >0 when the fluid is being cooled. Heating and cooling have been, defined on the basis of average the wall temperatures.
When the walls are subjected to equal wall temperature (i.e., A = 1), it may be recalled that the limiting value for the Nusselt number is 17.5 when viscous dissipation is included (Br ≠ 0), and is independent of the Brinkman number, Br. Similarly, when viscous dissipation is not included, for the case of unequal wall temperatures, (i.e., A ≠ 1), the Nusselt number in the conduction limit is 4, and is independent of the value of A, not equal to one. In the present investigation, it has been shown that the local Nusselt number values in the thermally developing region as well as in the limiting condition, do vary continuously with Brinkman number when the plates are kept at unequal temperatures. The axial location where the Nusselt number displays an unbounded swing depends on the Brinkman number for a given A, and vice versa. The axial position where the Nusselt number displays an unbounded swing depends on the combination of Br and A values and differs from the position for A = 1, Br < 0, or A > 0, Br = 0.
Fast Droplet Generation With a Printhead Manufactured With Rapid Manufacturing Techniques Mounted on a Carrier Board
Authors: Kagerer Markus , Rumschoettel Dominik , Ottnad Thomas , Lueth Tim C. , Irlinger Franz 
Published: April 2014

This paper presents a piezoelectrically driven microdrop generator based on a diaphragm design. The complete microdrop generator is manufactured by rapid manufacturing techniques, such as laser micromachining. This leads to a short production time which amounts to less than 2 hours per device.
After the fabrication of the microdrop generators they have to be put into operation. This means that they have to be fluidically as well as electrically connected. Therefore, the microdrop generator is bonded onto a carrier board which includes the fluid supply, conducting paths, and soldering pads. Afterwards, the carrier board is mounted on a support plate. Here, a fluid reservoir and heating elements are integrated.
Fluidic investigations are carried out with isopropanol and distilled water for validation purposes. The dependency of the minimum excitation voltage needed for droplet ejection on the pulse width and the relation between the droplet velocity and the excitation voltage are determined. The results show that increasing the pulse width reduces the minimum excitation voltage. The reason is the prolonged energy supply. Ejecting distilled water droplets requires a lower minimum excitation voltage in comparison to isopropanol due to the lower viscosity. Furthermore, droplet velocities are determined for various excitation voltages. A linear relationship between the velocity and the excitation voltage is observed. For excitation voltages greater than 65 V droplet velocities greater than 10 m/s are achieved for isopropanol.
Thermal-Aware Micro-Channel Cooling of Multicore Processors: A Three-Stage Design Approach
Authors: Li Yubai , Guo Dongzhi , Yao Shi-Chune 
Published: April 2014

This study goes beyond the common micro-channel cooling system composed of uniform parallel straight micro-channels. Due to the highly non-uniform power dissipation on a multicore processor, the micro-channel cooling system is designed to fit with the heat load on the multicore processor. By applying effective strategies and arranging key design parameters, stronger cooling is provided under the high power core area, and less cooling is provided under the low power cache area to save the precious pumping power. The well designed thermal-aware micro-channel cooling systems could effectively lower the hot spot temperature and temperature gradients on chip.
A three-stage approach to design thermal-aware micro-channel cooling system for multicore processor is developed. Two micro-channel cooling systems are specifically designed for a 2 core 150W Intel Tulsa processor and an 8 core 260W (doubled power) Intel Nehalem processor, to illustrate the design approach. The working fluid is single phase HFE7100. For the Tulsa processor, a strategy named strip-and-zone approach is used. The final design leads to 30kPa pressure drop and 0.094W pumping power while maintains the hot spot temperature to be 75 °C. For the Nehalem processor, a split flow micro-channel system and a widen-inlet strategy are applied. The final design takes 15kPa pressure drop and 0.0845W pumping power while maintains the hot spot temperature to be 82.8 °C. The design approach in this study provides the basic guide for the industrial applications of effective multicore processor cooling using micro-channels.
Dynamic FE Analysis for Reducing the Flat Areas of Formed Shapes Obtained by Roll Bending Process
Authors: Tran Hoang Quan , Champliaud Henri , Feng Zhengkun , Dao Thien-My 
Published: April 2014

Roll bending is a continuous forming process where plates, sheets, beams, pipes, and even rolled shapes and extrusions are bent to a desired curvature using forming rolls. Over the years, with the advantages such as reducing setting up time, the cost in tooling investment and equipment, the roll bending process was fundamental for manufacturing cylindrical shapes. However, the process always leaves a flat area along the leading and trailing edges of the workpiece. Therefore, accuracy could be a challenge when the part to be produced is large and made of high strength steel. There are several methods to minimize the flat area. Among them, for the asymmetrical configuration, moving slightly the bottom roll along the rolling direction may have the highest effect. On the other hand local adjustment of the bottom roll location is also important for providing the pressure needed for gripping and carrying the workpiece through the rolls. Then by optimizing the vertical displacement of the bottom roll one can minimize the span of flat areas.
The main objective of this research is to assess 3D dynamic Finite Element (FE) model with Ansys/LS-Dyna for the simulation and analysis of the deformation of the workpiece during the manufacturing of cylindrical parts. Various dynamic simulations based on 3D element are performed to provide better understanding of the whole deformation history and to establish the relationship between the location of the bottom roll and the end shapes of the formed cylinders. The results from FE simulations are then compared with corresponding experimental results from an industrial roll bending machine in order to improve the quality of the final shape.