bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfur as an effective sensitizer for natural rubber vulcanized via electron beam irradiation
Authors: Purbaya Mili , Kobayashi Takaomi , Thamrongsiripak Nuatawan , Hayichelaeh Chesidi , Boonkerd Kanoktip 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA sensitizer or crosslinking promoter must be utilized to improve electron beam irradiation (EBI) vulcanization and achieve optimal results. This work investigated the effect of sensitizers, that is, sulfur and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPT), on the properties of EBI‐vulcanized natural rubber (NR). The experiments focused on analyzing the effect of different amounts of sensitizers, that is, 2 and 3 phr, on the swelling, crosslink density, entanglement, and mechanical properties of NR latex. A sample without sensitizers was taken as a reference. Results revealed that the crosslink density of the samples with sensitizers had improved compared with that of the sample without a sensitizer. The sample with sulfur exhibited higher crosslink density than the NR with TMPT. The sulfur‐containing NR exhibited superior mechanical properties, i.e., modulus, tensile strength, and tear strength, as its crosslink density increased. In addition, increasing the sulfur content reduced the crosslink density of the NR latex, resulting in inferior mechanical properties. Furthermore, the different forms, that is, latex and film, of NR were compared. The latex form revealed higher crosslink density than the film form, thus presenting high mechanical properties because it contained water, which could induce the formation of free radical species and enhance crosslinking.
Composite sheets based on polylactic acid and sugar beet pulp: A solution to accelerate biological degradation of PLA on soil under outdoor exposure
Authors: Schirp Arne , Deetz Richard , Kopitzky Rodion , Schirp Claudia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSugar beet residues (SBR) were converted into thermomechanical pulp (sugar beet pulp, SBP) and compounded with either polylactic acid (PLA) or high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) as matrix. Pressed, thin sheets made with the compounds were placed on soil for 16 weeks outdoors and changes in material properties, including weight losses, monitored. Chloroform extraction showed that proportionally more SBP than PLA was degraded after biodegradation. A reduction in molecular weight of the PLA in composites during processing was determined, which was attributed to moisture in SBP and led to PLA hydrolysis. No further significant reduction in molecular weight of the PLA in composites occurred during outdoor exposure. In case of the HDPE‐SBP composites, results of acid hydrolysis indicated that primarily, the SBP component was degraded. Tensile strength tests, microscopy, FT‐IR spectroscopy and thermal analyses were also performed with the composites. Under the conditions of this study, it was shown that PLA composites with 70% (wt.) of SBP were completely disintegrated before completion of 12 weeks exposure. The addition of SBP to PLA accelerates biodegradation significantly which is an asset for agricultural (mulch films), forestry, horticulture and packaging applications.Highlights
Degradation of composites based on SBP with PLA or HDPE matrix was evaluated on soil
Addition of SBP increased weight loss, irrespective of the matrix type during the degradation tests
Differences in material composition over exposure time were analyzed
Combination of SBP with PLA enhances biodegradability of composites
SBP offers huge potential as filler in biodegradable polymer composites
Activities of psychiatrists in specialized coronavirus disease 2019 wards at Juntendo Hospital
Authors: Takeshita Yoshihide , Katsuta Narimasa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in 2020, specialized COVID‐19 wards have been established in general hospitals across Japan. Juntendo Hospital also established a dedicated COVID‐19 ward; however, many hospitalized patients were found to have psychiatric symptoms, such as delirium and depression. Juntendo Hospital's COVID‐19 specialist beds were staffed mainly by internists, who specialized in physical illnesses and were unfamiliar with psychiatric symptoms, making it difficult for them to provide adequate treatment. Some staff members were also found to be suffering from mental illness, compounding these issues. In 2021, to address these challenges, Juntendo Hospital's psychiatry department began having psychiatrists make rounds once a week in specialized COVID‐19 wards. The number of consultations varied depending on the status of the COVID‐19 epidemic; however, in the peak month, 45 consultations were made per month. Most consultations involved delirium and neurotic conditions, and there had been over 200 consultations for both by August 2023. We addressed not only the mental symptoms of the patients, but also the health status of the staff at the hospital beds, and took measures to maintain the mental health of the staff. Consequently, the hospital has not experienced any large‐scale medical breakdowns due to excessive staff fatigue. New pandemics of emerging infectious diseases will likely occur in the future, and we believe that we need to learn from this pandemic and prepare for future pandemics.
Human papillomavirus vaccine delivery practices among pediatricians and pediatric trainees in a tertiary hospital in Singapore
Authors: Ler Grace Yan Ling , Roy Chowdhury Sudipta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection and is associated with cervical, anogenital, and oropharyngeal cancers. It is crucial to improve vaccination uptake in both genders as primary prevention for these conditions. Pediatricians play an active role in advocating for HPV vaccination and our study aims to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, barriers, and practices among pediatric trainees and general pediatricians regarding HPV infection and vaccination. A survey‐questionnaire was administered to our target groups. It comprised 14 questions regarding demographics of the healthcare provider, knowledge of HPV infection and vaccination, practices and barriers of recommending HPV vaccination, and effective strategies for improving HPV vaccine uptake. Among survey respondents, majority did not recommend for HPV vaccination (66.7%) or receive any enquiry about it (80.6%) within the preceding 12 months. The most common perceived barrier was inadequate knowledge, which was consistent with the misconceptions regarding HPV infection and vaccination that were identified in this survey. Strategies which physicians felt would be most effective in increasing vaccine uptake include educating and providing resources for both physicians and caregivers as well as making the vaccine free. Our study revealed a low advocacy rate for HPV vaccination. Physicians need to be equipped with the knowledge, skills, and resources to better counsel caregivers as well as focus our efforts on vaccinating male patients in order to increase vaccine uptake in both genders.
Effect of inorganic nanoparticles on polypropylene in‐mold decoration and microcellular foaming injection molding composites
Authors: Zhao Jialong , Guo Wei , Zhao Feng , Feng Tao , Yan Kui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the surface morphology of the parts was improved by the in‐mold decoration and microcellular foaming injection molding (MIM‐IMD), and the mechanical properties of the parts were improved by inorganic particles modification. The effects of different inorganic particles (CaCO3, MMT, Talc) on the rheological behavior, crystallization properties, cell structure, surface quality, and mechanical properties of the MIM‐IMD composites were analyzed through experimental research and comprehensive macro and micro characterization. It was found that the foamed composite added with MMT had the highest surface quality, the best cell structure, the minimum average cell diameter of 78.4 μm and the maximum cell density of 3.09 × 106 cells/cm3. Talc improved the crystallinity of polypropylene (PP) matrix, and the resulting mechanical properties were the most significant improvement. Tensile, flexural, and impact strength were increased by 20.3%, 11.6%, and 45.2%, respectively.Highlights
The MIM‐IMD process was used to improve the surface quality of the samples.
The enhancement of different inorganic particles on the properties were compared.
The properties were evaluated by macro‐ and micro‐characterization.
Inorganic particles can significantly improve the cell structure.
Inorganic particles can greatly improve mechanical properties.
Treatment of [99mTc]Tc‐hydroxy‐diphosphonate ([99mTc]Tc‐HDP) extravasation using hyaluronidase
Authors: Doornhof Kevin R. , de Lussanet de la Sablonière Quido , Koolen Stijn L. W. , Konijnenberg Mark W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExtravasation of 99mTc‐labeled radiopharmaceuticals is generally considered to require no specific intervention. In the presented case, the use of hyaluronidase could have minimized the adverse effects resulting from such an extravasation. Currently, no guidelines exist regarding the use of hyaluronidase after extravasation of [99mTc]Tc‐HDP. Considering the low risk of administering hyaluronidase, it should be considered to limit the risk of injury after extravasation of [99mTc]Tc‐HDP.
Pathogen occurrence in different developmental stages of the invasive Vespa velutina nigrithorax (Buysson, 1905)
Authors: Cilia Giovanni , Caringi Valeria , Zavatta Laura , Bortolotti Laura 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe yellow‐legged hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) is a predatory species native to South‐East Asia. The hornet is invasive in Europe, spreading to several countries and becoming a pest for Apis mellifera due to its behaviour of preying in front of apiaries. The aim of this study was (i) to investigate the presence of honey bee pathogens within the developmental stages of V. velutina after neutralizing a nest in Bologna province (Emilia‐Romagna, Italy) and (ii) to analyze the mitochondrial DNA to determine if the population derived from the population initially introduced in Europe.RESULTSThe results indicated that deformed wing virus (82.76%) and Nosema ceranae (67.28%) were the most prevalent pathogens. Deformed wing virus, N. ceranae and sacbrood virus were found in all investigated stages, while chronic bee paralysis virus and Kashmir bee virus were exclusively found in foraging adults. All detected viruses were found to be replicative, highlighting active infection in the hosts. The mtDNA analysis demonstrated that the origin derived from the invasive population arrived in France.CONCLUSIONThis study underscores the importance of further research to understand the effect of interspecific transmission, especially concerning the potential role of these pathogens as a biocontrol for the invasive V. velutina nigrithorax. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Exploring SDHI fungicide resistance in Botrytis cinerea through genetic transformation system and AlphaFold model‐based molecular docking
Authors: Liu Haifeng , Lee Gahee , Sang Hyunkyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDGray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the most serious diseases affecting strawberry. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides have been used for more than a decade to control the disease. Monitoring resistance and improving in‐depth understanding of resistance mechanisms are essential for the control of B. cinerea.RESULTSIn this study, resistance monitoring of a SDHI fungicide boscalid was conducted on B. cinerea isolated from strawberries in Korea during 2020 and 2021, with resistance rates of 76.92% and 72.25%, respectively. In resistant strains, mutations P225F/H and H272R were found in SdhB, with P225F representing the dominant mutation type. Simultaneous mutations G85A, I93V, M158V, and V168I in SdhC were detected in 54.84% of sensitive strains. Sensitivity profiles of different Sdh genotypes of B. cinerea strains to six SDHIs were determined in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the mutation(s) were genetically validated through in situ SdhB (SdhC) expression. Docking assays between SDHIs and AlphaFold model‐based Sdh complexes revealed generally consistent patterns with their in vitro phenotypes.CONCLUSIONResistance of B. cinerea to SDHI fungicide on strawberry was systematically investigated in this study. Deciphering of SDHI resistance through the genetic transformation system and AlphaFold model‐based molecular docking will provide valuable insights into other target site‐based fungicide resistance in fungal pathogens. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Early detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension through [18F] positron emission tomography imaging with a vascular endothelial receptor small molecule
Authors: Yang Zhen , Li Feng , Thandavarayan Rajarajan A. , Natarajan Kartiga , Martin Diego R. , Li Zheng , Guha Ashrith 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study is to provide a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging modality targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) for the early noninvasive detection and assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) severity. To validate the effectiveness of the [18F]VEGFR PET tracer, we utilized a monocrotaline (MCT)‐induced PAH rat model. Molecular optical imaging, using a Cy5.5‐conjugated VEGFR targeting agent, was employed to demonstrate the uptake of the agent at pulmonary arterioles, correlating with the onset and progression of PAH. Histological examinations of the MCT‐PAH rat lung revealed a significant correlation between VEGFR2 expression and the pathogenesis of PAH. Molecular optical imaging demonstrated heightened uptake of the Cy5.5‐conjugated VEGFR targeting agent at pulmonary arterioles, corresponding with the onset and progression of PAH. [18F]VEGFR PET showed increased lung uptake detectable in early‐stage PAH before increase in pulmonary artery pressures, and this uptake correlated with increased PAH severity. Moreover, when compared to [18F]FDG PET, [18F]VEGFR PET exhibited markedly lower background cardiac signal, enhancing imaging sensitivity for lung abnormalities. Our study provides a compelling evidence for the potential utility of the innovative [18F]VEGFR PET tracer, in non‐invasively detecting early signs of PAH, and monitoring its progression. The observed correlations between VEGFR2 expression, molecular optical imaging results, and [18F]VEGFR PET findings support the use of this tracer for early detection, and assessment of PAH severity. The lower background cardiac signal observed with [18F]VEGFR PET further enhances its imaging sensitivity, emphasizing its potential clinical significance.
Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Method for Determination of N‐Methyl‐N‐Nitrosopyridin‐4‐Amine in a Vonoprazan Fumarate Drug
Authors: Chilukuri Ramya , Sayyad Kousrali , Kowtharapu Leela Prasad , Gundekari Sreedhar , Varkolu Mohan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTN‐methyl‐N‐nitrosopyridin‐4‐amine (4‐MNPA) was one of the nitrosamine impurities observed in the vonoprazan fumarate (VF) during the production of the VF‐active pharmaceutical ingredient. Therefore, a sensitive and efficient multiple reaction monitoring method has been developed for the quantitative estimation of 4‐MNPA impurity in VF. Good separation of 4‐MNPA and VF was achieved using a Zorbax SB‐phenyl (250 × 4.6 mm2, 5 µm) column under gradient eluent conditions. The mobile phases included 0.005 M ammonium formate and methanol as mobile phases A and B, respectively. The column flow rate was 0.8 mL min−1, and a mixture of methanol and water (50:50, v/v) was used in the present study. The 4‐MNPA method was validated with the limit of detection and limit of quantification concentrations of 0.5 and 1.5 µg mL−1, respectively. The linearity range was covered from 1.5 to 6.0 µg mL−1. The % coefficient of variation for repeatability and intermediate precision results was found to be 2.0% and 2.4%, respectively. The % recovery results were within the range of 70%–130%. In conclusion, the developed method using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry represents a suitable, linear, precise, and an accurate method for determining the 4‐MNPA impurity in VF.
A Functional Model for Quantifying Deformation in Reference Frame Transformations
Authors: Stanaway Richard , Crook Chris , Kelly Kevin M. , Lott Roger 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIAG Commission 1 Working Group 1.3.1 in association with the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) have developed a functional model for crustal deformation (FMCD) and an associated Geodetic Grid Exchange Format (GGXF) for quantifying and disseminating deformation information for use in time-dependent reference frame transformations.The FMCD provides a framework within which producers and users of deformation models can describe crustal displacement and velocity data using robust grid formats such as GGXF. Using the FMCD and GGXF combined, positional displacements can be readily applied in point motion coordinate operations and non-conformal time-dependent transformations. This approach is essential in deforming zones where conformal time-dependent transformation approaches do not adequately handle crustal deformation.This paper describes application of the FMCD in typical cases including: (1) transformation of GNSS PPP positions (e.g. in an IGS20 frame) to a national geodetic datum in a deforming zone and (2) transformation between reference frames across earthquake events that resulted in significant coseismic and postseismic crustal displacement. The FMCD and associated GGXF provide a framework for developers of geodetic software such as those used in GIS, GNSS processing and positioning to better handle complex deformation.
Transmon Qubit constraints on dark matter-nucleon scattering
Authors: Das Anirban , Kurinsky Noah , Leane Rebecca K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We recently pointed out that power measurements of single quasiparticle devices can be used to detect dark matter. These devices have the lowest known energy thresholds, far surpassing standard direct detection experiments, requiring energy deposition above only about an meV. We calculate dark matter induced quasiparticle densities in transmon qubits, and use the latest transmon qubit measurements that provide one of the strongest existing lab-based bounds on dark matter-nucleon scattering below about 100 MeV. We strongly constrain sub-component dark matter, using both a dark matter population thermalized in the Earth as well as the dark matter wind from the Galactic halo. We demonstrate future potential sensitivities using devices with low quasiparticle densities.
Building the blocks of Schwarzschild
Authors: Dulac Raphaël , Heidmann Pierre 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate that the Schwarzschild black hole can be “resolved” into bound states of Reissner-Nordström black holes in four dimensions. These bound states closely resemble the Schwarzschild geometry from the asymptotic region up to an infinitesimal distance away from the Schwarzschild horizon. Below this scale, the horizon is replaced by novel spacetime structures supported by intense and entrapped electromagnetic flux. The flux originates from collinear black holes that can be brought arbitrarily close to extremality. We find that the charge distribution follows a universal pattern, with magnitudes scaling proportionally to the total mass and alternating in sign. Moreover, the bound states always have an entropy that constitutes a fraction of the Schwarzschild entropy. Constructed in four dimensions, the black holes are kept apart by struts, for which we analyze tensions and energies. These solutions pave the way for analogous constructions in supergravity and for a brane/anti-brane description of the Schwarzschild black hole in string theory.
The lion, the witch, and the wormhole: ensemble averaging the symmetric product orbifold
Authors: Kames-King Joshua , Kanargias Alexandros , Knighton Bob , Usatyuk Mykhaylo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We consider the ensemble average of two dimensional symmetric product orbifold CFTs SymN(𝕋D) over the Narain moduli space. We argue for a bulk dual given by N copies of an abelian Chern-Simons theory coupled to topological gravity, endowed with a discrete gauge symmetry exchanging the N copies. As a check of this proposal, we calculate the ensemble average of various partition and correlation functions of the symmetric product orbifold theory and compare the resulting expressions to gauge theory quantities in the bulk. We comment on the ensemble average of the tensionless string partition function on AdS3 × S3 × 𝕋4 by considering the specific case of D = 4 with the addition of supersymmetry.
String junctions revisited
Authors: Altmann J. , Skands P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recent measurements at the LHC have revealed heavy-flavour baryon fractions much larger than those observed at LEP, with e.g., $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+}/{\textrm{D}}^0 $$

Λ
c
+

/

D
0

and $$ {\Lambda}_b^0/{\textrm{B}}^0 $$

Λ
b
0

/

B
0

reaching ∼ 0.5 at low p⊥. One scenario that has been at least partly successful in predicting observed trends is QCD colour reconnections with string junctions. In previous work, however, the limit of a low-p⊥ heavy quark was not well defined. We reconsider the string equations of motion for junction systems in this limit, and find that the junction effectively becomes bound to the heavy quark, a scenario we refer to as a “pearl on a string”. We extend string-junction fragmentation in Pythia with a dedicated modelling of this limit for both light- and heavy-quark “pearls”.
Two-loop anomalous dimensions for small-R jet versus hadronic fragmentation functions
Authors: van Beekveld Melissa , Dasgupta Mrinal , El-Menoufi Basem Kamal , Helliwell Jack , Karlberg Alexander , Monni Pier Francesco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study the collinear fragmentation of highly energetic jets defined with a small jet radius. In particular, we investigate how the corresponding fragmentation functions differ from their hadronic counterpart defined in the common $$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme. We find that the anomalous dimensions governing the perturbative evolution of the two fragmentation functions differ starting at the two loop order. We compute for the first time the new anomalous dimensions at two loops and confirm our predictions by comparing the inclusive small-R jet spectrum against a fixed order perturbative calculation at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

). To investigate the dependence of the anomalous dimension on the kinematic cutoff variable, we study the fragmentation functions of Cambridge jets defined with a transverse momentum cutoff as opposed to an angular cutoff R. We further study the evolution of the small-R fragmentation function with an alternative cutoff scale, proportional to zR, representing the maximum possible transverse momentum of emissions within a jet. In these cases we find that the two-loop anomalous dimensions coincide with the $$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

DGLAP ones, highlighting a correspondence between the $$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme and a transverse-momentum cutoff.