bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthesia and Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy: review of 117 anesthetic exposures
Authors: Segura Leal G. , Lorenz Jessica D. , Weingarten Toby N. , Scavonetto Federica , Bojanić Katarina , Selcen Duygu , Sprung Juraj 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are associated with life‐threatening perioperative complications, including rhabdomyolysis, hyperkalemia, and hyperthermia. Current recommendations contraindicate use of succinylcholine and volatile anesthetics; however, the latter recommendation remains controversial.ObjectiveTo review the perioperative outcomes of patients with DMD and BMD.MethodsWe reviewed records of patients with DMD or BMD who underwent anesthetic management at our institution from January 1990 through December 2011.ResultsWe identified 47 patients (DMD, 37; BMD, 10) who underwent 117 anesthetic exposures (DMD, 101; BMD, 16). Volatile anesthetic agents were used 66 times (DMD, 59; BMD, 7). One patient with undiagnosed BMD received succinylcholine and developed acute rhabdomyolysis and hyperkalemic cardiac arrest. All other major complications were attributed to the procedure (i.e., large bleeding), to preexisting comorbidities (i.e., respiratory failure, cardiac disease), or to both.ConclusionsUse of succinylcholine in children with dystrophinopathy is contraindicated. These patients have significant comorbidities and are frequently undergoing extensive operations; complications related to these factors can develop, as evidenced by our series. These complications may occur with use of volatile and nonvolatile anesthetics. However, because most of our patients were older than 8 years at the time of surgery, our observation cannot be generalized to younger dystrophin‐deficient children.
Fusion of an Fc chain to a VHH boosts the accumulation levels in Arabidopsis seeds
Authors: De Buck Sylvie , Nolf Jonah , De Meyer Thomas , Virdi Vikram , De Wilde Kirsten , Van Lerberge Els , Van Droogenbroeck Bart , Depicker Ann 
Published: August 2013

SummaryNanobodies® (VHHs) provide powerful tools in therapeutic and biotechnological applications. Nevertheless, for some applications, bivalent antibodies perform much better, and for this, an Fc chain can be fused to the VHH domain, resulting in a bivalent homodimeric VHH‐Fc complex. However, the production of bivalent antibodies in Escherichia coli is rather inefficient. Therefore, we compared the production of VHH7 and VHH7‐Fc as antibodies of interest in Arabidopsis seeds for detecting prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), a well‐known biomarker for prostate cancer in the early stages of tumour development. The influence of the signal sequence (camel versus plant) and that of the Fc chain origin (human, mouse or pig) were evaluated. The accumulation levels of VHHs were very low, with a maximum of 0.13% VHH of total soluble protein (TSP) in homozygous T3 seeds, while VHH‐Fc accumulation levels were at least 10‐ to 100‐fold higher, with a maximum of 16.25% VHH‐Fc of TSP. Both the camel and plant signal peptides were efficiently cleaved off and did not affect the accumulation levels. However, the Fc chain origin strongly affected the degree of proteolysis, but only had a slight influence on the accumulation level. Analysis of the mRNA levels suggested that the low amount of VHHs produced in Arabidopsis seeds was not due to a failure in transcription, but rather to translation inefficiency, protein instability and/or degradation. Most importantly, the plant‐produced VHH7 and VHH7‐Fc antibodies were functional in detecting PSA and could thus be used for diagnostic applications.
Antibody depletion for the treatment of crossmatch‐positive pediatric heart transplant recipients
Authors: Daly Kevin P. , Chandler Stephanie F. , Almond Christopher S. , Singh Tajinder P. , Mah Helen , Milford Edgar , Matte Gregory S. , Bastardi Heather J. , Mayer John E. , Fynn‐Thompson Francis , Blume Elizabeth D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSensitization to HLA is a risk factor for adverse outcomes after heart transplantation. Requiring a negative prospective CM results in longer waiting times and increased waitlist mortality. We report outcomes in a cohort of sensitized children who underwent transplant despite a positive CDC CM+ using a protocol of antibody depletion at time of transplant, followed by serial IVIG administration. All patients <21 yrs old who underwent heart transplantation at Boston Children's Hospital from 1/1998 to 1/2011 were included. We compared freedom from allograft loss, allograft rejection, and serious infection between CM+ and CM− recipients. Of 134 patients in the cohort, 33 (25%) were sensitized prior to transplantation and 12 (9%) received a CM+ heart transplant. Serious infection in the first post‐transplant year was more prevalent in the CM+ patients compared with CM− patients (50% vs. 16%; p = 0.005), as was HD‐AMR (50% vs. 2%; p < 0.001). There was no difference in freedom from allograft loss or any rejection. At our center, children transplanted despite a positive CM had acceptable allograft survival and risk of any rejection, but a higher risk of HD‐AMR and serious infection.
The Nature of Cognitive Phenomenology
Authors: Smithies Declan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis is the first in a series of two articles that serve as an introduction to recent debates about cognitive phenomenology. Cognitive phenomenology can be defined as the experience that is associated with cognitive activities, such as thinking, reasoning, and understanding. What is at issue in contemporary debates is not the existence of cognitive phenomenology, so defined, but rather its nature and theoretical role. The first article examines questions about the nature of cognitive phenomenology, while the second article explores the philosophical implications of these questions for the role of consciousness in theories of intentionality, introspective self‐knowledge, and knowledge of the external world.
Contemporary Cosmopolitanism: Some Current Issues
Authors: Brock Gillian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this article, we survey some current debates among cosmopolitans and their critics. We begin by surveying some distinctions typically drawn among kinds of cosmopolitanisms, before canvassing some of the diverse varieties of cosmopolitan justice, exploring positions on the content of cosmopolitan duties of justice, and a prominent debate between cosmopolitans and defenders of statist accounts of global justice. We then explore some common concerns about cosmopolitanism – such as whether cosmopolitan commitments are necessarily in tension with other affiliations people typically have and how we should deal with issues concerning a perceived lack of authority in the global domain – and whether these can be addressed. We also look briefly at how the concern with feasibility has led some to take up the challenge of devising public policy that is cosmopolitan in outlook, before offering some concluding remarks on future directions in these debates.
Charles Taylor and Political Religion: Overlapping Concerns and Points of Tension
Authors: Fisher‐Høyrem Stefan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article introduces some key aspects of the secularization thesis put forward in Charles Taylor's A Secular Age (2007), with a particular view to how these might illuminate and/or complicate the study of political religion. Particularly helpful are Taylor's attention to nuance Western theological controversies and his emphasis on how ideas and ultimate concerns are not only expressed in obviously ritualistic or ‘religious’ mass events, but are also embodied on the level of ordinary and habitual collective practices. However, the encounter between Taylor's work and the field of political religion also accentuates points of seemingly irresolvable tension. Taylor insists that the notions of an ‘ordinary’ world and autonomous individuals with an innate urge to transcend it—both notions underpinning most studies of political religion—cannot be accepted as a priori but must be historicized and explained. Ultimately, the article encourages scholars of political religion to consider the critiques implicit in Taylor's thesis in the hope that this might generate new and better ways of studying ‘ultimate concerns’ and their place in modernity.
African Development: Beyond Income Convergence
Authors: Asongu Simplice 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn examining some big questions on African development, I provide evidence that the dynamics of some development indicators could support both endogenous and neoclassical growth theories in the convergence debate. This paper investigates convergence in real per capita gross domestic product and inequality‐adjusted human development in 38 African countries, disaggregated into 10 homogenous panels based on regions (Sub‐Saharan and North Africa), income levels (low, middle, lower middle and upper middle), legal origins (English common law and French civil law) and religious dominations (Christianity and Islam). The main finding is that the income component of the Human Development Index moves slower than others in the convergence process, and thus requires a more focused policy intervention. As a policy implication, looking beyond income convergence can provide a concrete agenda for development involving all aspects of economic, institutional and social life.
Migration and access to maternal healthcare: determinants of adequate antenatal care and institutional delivery among socio‐economically disadvantaged migrants in Delhi, India
Authors: Kusuma Yadlapalli S. , Kumari Rita , Kaushal Sonia 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the determinants of adequate antenatal care (ANC) utilisation and institutional deliveries among socio‐economically disadvantaged migrants living in Delhi, India.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional survey, 809 rural–urban migrant mothers with a child aged below 2 years were interviewed with a pretested questionnaire. Data on receiving antenatal, delivery and post‐natal services, migration history and other social, demographic and income were collected.ResultsRecent migrants used the services significantly less than settled migrants. ANC was adequate only among 37% (35% of recent migrant women and 39% of settled migrants). Multinomial regression revealed that being a recent migrant, multiparous, illiterate and married to an unskilled worker were significant risk factors for receiving inadequate ANC. Around 53% of deliveries took place at home. ANC seeking has a strong influence on place of delivery: 70% of births to women who received inadequate ANC were at home. Women who are educated, had their first delivery after the age of 20 years and received adequate ANC were more likely to deliver their child in hospital. Post‐natal care is grossly neglected among these groups.ConclusionMigrant women, particularly recent migrants, are at the risk of not receiving adequate maternal healthcare. Because migration is a continuing phenomenon, measures to mitigate disadvantage due to migration need to be taken in the healthcare system.
Fear of blood draws, vasovagal reactions, and retention among high school donors
Authors: France Christopher R. , France Janis L. , Carlson Bruce W. , Himawan Lina K. , Stephens Kirsten Yunuba , Frame‐Brown Terri A. , Venable Geri A. , Menitove Jay E. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundWe previously demonstrated that fear of having blood drawn is one of the strongest known predictors of vasovagal reactions among high school blood donors. This report examines the combined effects of donor fear and experience of vasovagal reactions on repeat donation attempts among high school blood donors.Study Design and MethodsImmediately after completing the blood donor health screening, 1715 high school students were asked about their fear of having blood drawn. The donor record was then used to collect information regarding their experience of vasovagal reactions at the time of donation as well as their subsequent donation attempts within the following year.ResultsFear of having blood drawn and the experience of a vasovagal reaction each contributed to donor attrition, with only 33.2% of fearful donors who experienced a vasovagal reaction returning in the following year compared to 56.7% of nonfearful nonreactors. Path analyses demonstrated that fear has an indirect effect (through vasovagal reactions) on repeat donations among first‐time donors and both direct and indirect effects on repeat donation attempts among experienced donors.ConclusionAmong high school blood donors, fear of having blood drawn has both a direct negative effect on donor retention and an indirect negative effect by increasing the risk of vasovagal reactions. Accordingly, targeted efforts to reduce donor fear may be particularly efficient in promoting long‐term donor loyalty among our youngest donors.
Evaluation of automated assays for immunoglobulin G, M, and A measurements in dog and cat serum
Authors: Tvarijonaviciute Asta , Martínez‐Subiela Silvia , Caldin Marco , Tecles Fernando , Ceron Jose J. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundMeasurements of immunoglobulins (Igs) in companion animals can be useful to detect deficiencies of the humoral immune system, that can be associated with opportunistic or chronic infections, or other immune‐mediated disorders including B‐cell neoplasms.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate commercially available automated immunoturbidimetric assays designed for human IgG, M, and A measurements in canine and feline serum using species‐specific calibrators.MethodsCanine and feline serum samples with different IgG, M, and A concentrations were used for the analytical validation of the assays. Intra‐ and inter‐assay precision, linearity under dilution, spiking recovery, and limit of detection were determined. In addition, effects of lipemia, hemolysis, and bilirubinemia were evaluated. Finally, Ig concentrations were determined in small groups of diseased dogs and cats, and compared with healthy groups.ResultsSpiking recovery and linearity under dilution tests showed that the assays measured Igs in canine and feline serum samples precisely and accurately. Intra‐ and inter‐assay imprecisions were lower than 15% in all cases. Significantly higher IgG, IgM, and IgA levels were observed in dogs with leishmaniasis, while dogs with pyometra showed a statistically significant increase in IgM and IgA concentrations in comparison with healthy dogs. Significantly higher IgG and IgM levels were observed inFIV‐infected cats compared with healthy ones.ConclusionsThe automated human Ig assays showed adequate precision and accuracy with serum samples from dogs and cats. Also, they were able to discriminate different concentrations of Igs in healthy and diseased animals.
On the Number ofp-Regular Elements in Finite Simple Groups
Authors: Babai László , Pálfy Péter P. , Saxl Jan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAp-regular element in a finite group is an element of order not divisible by the prime numberp. We show that for every primepand every finite simple groupS, a fair proportion of elements ofSisp-regular. In particular, we show that the proportion ofp-regular elements in a finite classical simple group (not necessarily of characteristicp) is greater than 1/(2n), wheren– 1 is the dimension of the projective space on whichSacts naturally. Furthermore, in an exceptional group of Lie type this proportion is greater than 1/15. For the alternating group An, this proportion is at least 26/(27√n), and for sporadic simple groups, at least 2/29.We also show that for an arbitrary fieldF, if the simple groupSis a quotient of a finite subgroup ofGLn(F) then for any primep, the proportion ofp-regular elements inSis at least min{1/31, 1/(2n)}.Along the way we obtain estimates for the proportion of elements of certain primitive prime divisor orders in exceptional groups, complementing work by Niemeyer and Praeger (1998).Our result shows that in finite simple groups,p-regular elements can be found efficiently by random sampling. This is a key ingredient to recent polynomial-time Monte Carlo algorithms for matrix groups.Finally we complement our lower bound results with the following upper bound: for alln≥ 2 there exist infinitely many prime powersqsuch that the proportion of elements of odd order inPSL(n,q) is less than 3/√n.
Reduction of Binary Cubic and Quartic Forms
Authors: Cremona J. E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA reduction theory is developed for binary forms (homogeneous polynomials) of degrees three and four with integer coefficients. The resulting coefficient bounds simplify and improve on those in the literature, particularly in the case of negative discriminant. Applications include systematic enumeration of cubic number fields, and 2-descent on elliptic curves defined over the set of rational numbers. Remarks are given concerning the extension of these results to forms defined over number fields.
Symbolic Collection using Deep Thought
Authors: Leedham-Green C. R. , Soicher Leonard H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe describe the “Deep Thought” algorithm, which can, among other things, take a commutator presentation for a finitely generated torsion-free nilpotent group G, and produce explicit polynomials for the multiplication of elements of G. These polynomials were first shown to exist by Philip Hall, and allow for “symbolic collection” in finitely generated nilpotent groups. We discuss various practicalissues in calculations in such groups, including the construction of a hybrid collector, making use of both the polynomials and ordinary collection from the left.
A Mechanically Checked Proof of IEEE Compliance of the Floating Point Multiplication, Division and Square Root Algorithms of the AMD-K7™ Processor
Authors: Russinoff David M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe describe a mechanically verified proof of correctness of the floating point multiplication, division, and square root instructions of the AMD-K7 microprocessor. The instructions are implemented in hardware and represented here by register-transfer level specifications, the primitives of which are logical operations on bit vectors. On the other hand, the statements of correctness, derived from IEEE Standard 754, are arithmetic in nature and considerably more abstract. Therefore, we begin by developing a theory of bit vectors and their role in floating point representations and rounding. We then present the hardware model and a rigorous proof of its correctness. All of our definitions, lemmas and theorems have been formally encoded in the ACL2 logic, and every step in the proof has been mechanically checked with the ACL2 prover.
Using Program Schemes to Capture Polynomial-Time Logically on Certain Classes of Structures
Authors: Stewart Iain A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper, the study of the expressive power of certain classes of program schemes on finite structures is continued, in relation to more mainstream logics studied in finite model theory and to computational complexity. The author shows that there exists a program scheme – whose constructs are assignments and while-loops with quantifier-free tests and which has access to a stack – that can accept a P-complete problem, the deterministic path system problem, even in the absence of non-determinism, so long as problem instances are presented in a functional style. (The proof given here leans heavily on Cook's proof that the classes of formal languages accepted by deterministic and non-deterministic logspace auxiliary pushdown machines coincide.) However, whilst this result is of independent interest, in that it leads to a deterministic model of computation capturing P, whose non-deterministic variant also captures P, the program scheme can also be used to build a successor relation in certain classes of structures (namely: the class of strongly connected locally ordered digraphs, the class of connected planar embeddings, and the class of triangulations), with the consequence that on these classes of graphs, (a fragment of) path system logic (with no built-in relations) captures exactly the polynomial-time solvable problems.
Numerical Evidence for a Conjectural Generalization of Hilbert's Theorem 132
Authors: Bley W. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper presents an algorithm for computing numerical evidence for a conjecture whose validity is predicted by the requirement that the equivariant Tamagawa number conjectures for Tate motives as formulated by Burns and Flach are compatible with the functional equation of the Artin L-series. The algorithm includes methods for the computation of Fitting ideals and projective lattices over the integral group ring.
Exponential Mean-Square Stability of Numerical Solutions to Stochastic Differential Equations
Authors: Higham Desmond J. , Mao Xuerong , Stuart Andrew M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPositive results are proved here about the ability of numerical simulations to reproduce the exponential mean-square stability of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The first set of results applies under finite-time convergence conditions on the numerical method. Under these conditions, the exponential mean-square stability of the SDE and that of the method (for sufficiently small step sizes) are shown to be equivalent, and the corresponding second-moment Lyapunov exponent bounds can be taken to be arbitrarily close. The required finite-time convergence conditions hold for the class of stochastic theta methods on globally Lipschitz problems. It is then shown that exponential mean-square stability for non-globally Lipschitz SDEs is not inherited, in general, by numerical methods. However, for a class of SDEs that satisfy a one-sided Lipschitz condition, positive results are obtained for two implicit methods. These results highlight the fact that for long-time simulation on nonlinear SDEs, the choice of numerical method can be crucial.
Polynomials with Restricted Coefficients and Prescribed Noncyclotomic Factors
Authors: Mossinghoff Michael J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe algorithms described in this paper were developed to investigate three problems regarding polynomials with restricted coefficients: (i) determining whether there exist polynomials with {0, 1} coefficients and repeated noncyclotomic factors, (ii) searching for polynomials with {−1, 1} coefficients and small Mahler measure, and (iii) finding polynomials with {−1, 0, 1} coefficients with a root of high multiplicity off the unit circle. The results in the first problem presented here answer a question of Odlyzko and Poonen.
Small Degree Representations of Finite Chevalley Groups in Defining Characteristic
Authors: Lübeck Frank 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe author has determined, for all simple simply connected reductive linear algebraic groups defined over a finite field, all the irreducible representations in their defining characteristic of degree below some bound. These also give the small degree projective representations in defining characteristic for the corresponding finite simple groups. For large rank l, this bound is proportional to l3, and for rank less than or equal to 11 much higher. The small rank cases are based on extensive computer calculations.
Constructing Maximal Subgroups of Classical Groups
Authors: Holt Derek F. , Roney-Dougal Colva M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe maximal subgroups of the finite classical groups are divided by a theorem of Aschbacher into nine classes. In this paper, the authors show how to construct those maximal subgroups of the finite classical groups of linear, symplectic or unitary type that lie in the first eight of these classes. The ninth class consists roughly of absolutely irreducible groups that are almost simple modulo scalars, other than classical groups over the same field in their natural representation. All of these constructions can be carried out in low-degree polynomial time.