bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locked‐in–like fulminant infantile Guillain–Barré syndrome associated with herpes simplex virus 1 infection
Authors: Dilena Robertino , Strazzer Sandra , Esposito Susanna , Paglialonga Fabio , Tadini Laura , Barbieri Sergio , Giannini Alberto 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) may rarely manifest as a peripheral locked‐in syndrome.MethodsClinical and instrumental features of a fulminant form of infantile GBS were assessed. Results: After 2 days of rhinitis, a 6‐month‐old infant was intubated in the emergency room for sudden‐onset respiratory failure. Neurological examination showed generalized areflexic flaccid paralysis with no detectable interaction, which resembled a coma. Brain MRI was normal. Lumbar puncture showed pleocytosis (43 cells/mm3) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) PCR positivity. EEG showed normal sleep–wake cycles, and EMG demonstrated nerve inexcitability. Acyclovir and immunoglobulins provided no benefit. After 1 week, lumbar puncture showed albuminocytological dissociation (protein 217 mg/dl). Plasmapheresis was then started, and progressive improvement occurred. At age 1 year, the child had recovered well with residual distal lower limb hyporeflexic weakness.ConclusionsA fulminant infantile GBS variant presenting as peripheral locked‐in syndrome can be associated with HSV1 infection likely due to autoimmune cross‐reactivity. Muscle Nerve 53: 140–143, 2016
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in apoptosis of detrusor muscle in streptozocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Wang Dongwen , Yuan Xiaobin , Hu Caoyang , Zhang Bin , Gao Hongfei , Wang Dong , Chi Junjie , Jing Qiang , Wu Shulin , Wu Chin‐Lee 
Published: September 2015

AimsEndoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been proven to be associated with apoptosis and plays a critical role in the development of many diabetic complications. In the pathogenesis of diabetic cystopathy (DCP), the role of ERS is still unclear. Our study is aimed at the investigation of the involvement of ERS‐associated detrusor muscle apoptosis in streptozocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats.MethodsAt different timepoints (4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after induction of type 1 diabetic rat models), hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining was performed to assess the histological changes of the diabetic detrusor; the sub‐cellular ultrastructure, especially the zone of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated DNA nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to identify the enhanced apoptosis. Moreover, the expression of three hallmarks of ERS‐associated apoptosis, including glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and caspase12, was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot.ResultsLight microscopic impairments of histology, including progressive loosely packed muscle bundles and increased fibrous tissue, can be seen; the ultrastructural changes featuring the swollen and fused cisternaes in ER zone and deformed nucleus were also observed in the detrusor smooth muscle (DSM). Increased apoptosis and elevated expression of GRP78, CHOP, and caspase12 at both protein and mRNA levels in a time‐dependent fashion were detected.ConclusionsThe occurrence of ERS‐associated apoptosis may be involved in the development of DCP and may contribute to the diabetic detrusor impairment. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:65–72, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship between calcium channel blocker class and mortality in dialysis
Authors: Wetmore James B. , Mahnken Jonathan D. , Phadnis Milind A. , Ellerbeck Edward F. , Shireman Theresa I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe comparative effectiveness of dihydropyridine (DHP) and non‐DHP calcium channel blockers (CCBs) in maintenance dialysis patients has not been well‐studied.MethodsA retrospective cohort of hypertensive patients initiating dialysis was created. New CCB initiators, defined as individual who had no evidence of CCB use in the first 90 days of dialysis but who were initiated by day 180, were followed from their first day of medication exposure until event or censoring; events consisted of all‐cause mortality (ACM) and a combined endpoint of cardiovascular morbidity or mortality (CVMM). Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) comparing the effect of DHPs vs. non‐DHPs.ResultsThere were 2900 and 2704 new initiators of CCBs in the ACM and CVMM models, respectively. Adjusted for other factors, use of DHPs, compared to non‐DHPs, was associated with an AHR of 0.77 (99% confidence intervals, 0.64 – 0.93, P = 0.0004) for ACM and 0.86 (0.72 – 1.02, P = 0.024) for CVMM. Results were similar when individuals who initiated therapy at any point after the cohort inception were included, with AHRs of 0.60 (0.53 – 0.69, P < 0.0001) and 0.77 (0.67 – 0.89, P < 0.0001) for ACM and CVMM, respectively. Further, elimination of individuals with chronic atrial fibrillation resulted in AHRs of 0.71 and 0.70 for ACM and CVVM, respectively.ConclusionDHPs, as compared to non‐DHPs, were associated with reduced hazard of death or cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; potential mechanisms of action require further study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevention of fostamatinib‐induced blood pressure elevation by antihypertensive agents
Authors: Lengel Dave , Lamm Bergström Eva , Barthlow Herb , Oldman Karen , Musgrove Helen , Harmer Alex , Valentin Jean‐Pierre , Duffy Paul , Braddock Martin , Curwen Jon 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFostamatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity against spleen tyrosine kinase which has completed clinical trials for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In clinical studies fostamatinib treatment was associated with a small elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure (BP), a similar finding to that seen with other kinase inhibitors, especially those that inhibit VEGFR2 signaling. We have investigated the link between fostamatinib‐induced blood pressure elevation and plasma levels of the fostamatinib‐active metabolite R940406 in conscious rats and found the time course of the BP effect correlated closely with changes in R940406 plasma concentration, indicating a direct pharmacological relationship. Free plasma levels of R940406 produced in these studies (up to 346 nmol/L) span the clinically observed mean peak free plasma concentration of 49 nmol/L. We have demonstrated that the blood pressure elevation induced by fostamatinib dosing can be successfully controlled by a variety of methods, notably simple drug withdrawal or codosing with a range of standard antihypertensive agents such as atenolol, captopril, and nifedipine. These findings support potential methods of maintaining patient safety while on fostamatinib therapy. Furthermore, we have demonstrated, using nifedipine as an example agent, that this blood pressure control was not achieved by reduction in plasma exposure of R940406, suggesting that potential benefits from the pharmacology of the investigational drug can be maintained while blood pressure control is managed by use of standard comedications.
Does analytical thinking improve understanding of accumulation?
Authors: Baghaei Lakeh Arash , Ghaffarzadegan Navid 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPeople have difficulties inferring the behavior of a stock variable from its inflows and outflows. Our goal is to offer low‐cost interventions to help overcome this difficulty. We hypothesize that the failure to understand accumulation relates to the cognitive mode of thinking: if people use their System 2 mode of thinking (analytical thinking), they are more likely to answer stock–flow questions correctly. We conduct an experiment with 400 participants and test effects of two interventions. The study replicates previously observed stock–flow failure and uncovers several variables that can influence subjects' response to the department store task. One particular finding is that having participants answer an analytical question right before the department store task marginally increases their chances of answering stock–flow questions correctly. Copyright © 2015 System Dynamics Society
AndroGenerator: An automated and configurable android app network traffic generation system
Authors: Su Xin , Zhang Dafang , Li Wenjia , Wang Xiaofei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWith the rapid growth in the popularity of Android smartphones, a large number of Android applications (or apps) have emerged in both official and alternative Android markets. It is important for network operators and security analysts to understand the network traffic generated by new Android apps for the purposes of network management, app traffic analysis, and malware detection. However, it is time‐consuming and tedious to manually install and run Android apps to generate network traffic. Moreover, existing synthetic network traffic generators are unable to generate network traffic that can accurately reflect the network behaviors of Android apps. In this paper, we propose and implement AndroGenerator, an automated Android network traffic generation system, to generate various types of network traffic that can be produced by Android apps. Our system reproduces the network traffic based on the traffic characteristics extracted from traffic traces captured by running a large number of Android applications from several popular Android markets, such as Google Play. The system first generates network traffic through automated execution of Android applications. Then, the system is also able to extract network characteristics from the captured traffic traces and store the extracted results into a database for benchmarking purposes. Finally, AndroGenerator reproduces Android app traffic based via simulating network characteristics of captured traffic traces. In the experiments, we evaluate our system with real‐world mobile traffic, and the experiment results show that AndroGenerator can reproduce Android app network traffic accurately. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy Efficiency Architecture Design for Heterogeneous Cellular Networks
Authors: Yang Chungang , Li Jiandong , Anpalagan Alagan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHeterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets) have emerged as a new promising paradigm to further enhance capacity, where multiple types of low power smallcells are overlaid in a high power macrocell. They provide more opportunities to explore the potential cognition and cooperation diversities to improve the spectral efficiency. On the other hand, energy efficiency is a critical performance metric, which deserves more attention from academia, industry, and standardization, in particular, in scenarios where smallcells are densely deployed. In this paper, a systematic architecture is presented to efficiently utilize network resources and thus improve the overall energy efficiency. The architecture is referred to as OCRT because it combines a multi‐tier energy efficiency considerations of operators, core networks, radio access networks and terminals (e.g., OCRT). Furthermore, a corresponding triply‐cycle‐based functional structure is proposed for the OCRT to make various interactions between the corresponding functional entities clear. An implementation scheme of OCRT based on cognitive information interaction cycle and an energy efficiency‐aware protocol is presented. Finally, a use case of the presented OCRT green design is provided for energy efficiency optimization in a cognition‐and‐cooperation‐characterized HetNet. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implications of uncertainty in true metabolizable energy estimates for estimating wintering waterfowl carrying capacities
Authors: Livolsi Mark C. , Ringelman Kevin M. , Coluccy John M. , Dibona Matthew T. , Williams Christopher K. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTCarrying capacity models for wintering waterfowl require estimates of energy availability based on food densities and true metabolizable energy (TME) of various food types. However, because TME values vary widely between studies, estimates of carrying capacity may be less precise than previously acknowledged. We explored how variation in TME values affected estimates of landscape‐level energy availability for American black ducks (Anas rubripes), using 4 distinct approaches for assigning TME values to waterfowl food items collected over the winter period in 2011–2012 and 2012–2013: a “best practices” approach, which typically used average TMEs across species, a minimum and maximum reported values approaches, and a coarse‐scale “order‐average” approach. We found that all 4 approaches yielded significantly different estimates of energy availability across all saltmarsh habitat types. Additionally, we evaluated the potential management implications of variation in TME values by comparing energy supply on 1,223 ha of marsh in Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge (DE, USA) using all 4 approaches for assigning TME values. We estimated carrying capacity and modeled depletion of energy on this refuge over a hypothetical wintering period. We found that even relatively small variations in TME values produced highly variable estimates of carrying capacity for the refuge. Thus, we recommend that researchers consider the inherent uncertainty in TME values of waterfowl foods, and explicitly include this variation in carrying capacity models. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Outcomes of Complete Versus Partial Surgical Stabilization of Flail Chest
Authors: Nickerson Terry P. , Thiels Cornelius A. , Kim Brian D. , Zielinski Martin D. , Jenkins Donald H. , Schiller Henry J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundRib fractures are common after chest wall trauma. For patients with flail chest, surgical stabilization is a promising technique for reducing morbidity. Anatomical difficulties often lead to an inability to completely repair the flail chest; thus, the result is partial flail chest stabilization (PFS). We hypothesized that patients with PFS have outcomes similar to those undergoing complete flail chest stabilization (CFS).MethodsA prospectively collected database of all patients who underwent rib fracture stabilization procedures from August 2009 until February 2013 was reviewed. Abstracted data included procedural and complication data, extent of stabilization, and pulmonary function test results.ResultsOf 43 patients who underwent operative stabilization of flail chest, 23 (53 %) had CFS and 20 (47 %) underwent PFS. Anterior location of the fracture was the most common reason for PFS (45 %). Age, sex, operative time, pneumonia, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and narcotic use were the same in both groups. Total lung capacity was significantly improved in the CFS group at 3 months. No chest wall deformity was appreciated on follow‐up, and no patients underwent additional stabilization procedures following PFS.ConclusionDespite advances in surgical technique, not all fractures are amenable to repair. There was no difference in chest wall deformity, narcotic use, or clinically significant impairment in pulmonary function tests among patients who underwent PFS compared with CFS. Our data suggest that PFS is an acceptable strategy and that extending or creating additional incisions for CFS is unnecessary.
Benchmarking and tracking domestic gas and electricity consumption at the local authority level
Authors: Morris Jonathan , Allinson David , Harrison John , Lomas Kevin J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Government, local authority and industry initiatives to improve the energy efficiency of housing stocks are central to national and international commitments to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. To be effective, initiatives need to target homes which, given their location, size, fuel type and occupancy, use more energy than expected. This paper illustrates how energy efficiency benchmarks can be developed that account for these factors and highlights the shortcomings of relying on simple energy consumption statistics. The study uses existing data (with national coverage) and the measured electricity and gas consumption of groups consisting of, on average, 500–700 households to benchmark and track domestic gas and electricity consumption across England. Multiple regression models, which account for 65 % of the variation in domestic gas consumption and 73 % of domestic electricity variation, are used to derive the benchmarks. The actual gas and electricity consumption of each group of homes is compared against the derived benchmark and an energy efficiency index presented. The approach enables changes in energy efficiency to be tracked temporally, for example to assess the effectiveness of government, local authority or industry initiatives. National and city-scale patterns of energy efficiency are also discussed.
Big Data Privacy: Challenges to Privacy Principles and Models
Authors: Soria-Comas Jordi , Domingo-Ferrer Josep 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This paper explores the challenges raised by big data in privacy-preserving data management. First, we examine the conflicts raised by big data with respect to preexisting concepts of private data management, such as consent, purpose limitation, transparency and individual rights of access, rectification and erasure. Anonymization appears as the best tool to mitigate such conflicts, and it is best implemented by adhering to a privacy model with precise privacy guarantees. For this reason, we evaluate how well the two main privacy models used in anonymization (k-anonymity and

$$\varepsilon $$

ε

-differential privacy) meet the requirements of big data, namely composability, low computational cost and linkability.
Clinical implication of monitoring rivaroxaban and apixaban by using anti‐factor Xa assay in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ikeda Kozue , Tachibana Hideaki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundAlthough patients taking non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) do not require routine coagulation monitoring, high‐risk patients require monitoring to assess pharmacodynamics.MethodsWe measured (1) anti‐factor Xa activity (AXA), using chromogenic assay with the HemosIL Liquid Heparin kit, (2) prothrombin time (PT), and (3) activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in 188 blood samples from 70 patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation, of whom 36 received rivaroxaban once daily and 34 received apixaban twice daily.ResultsAfter the rivaroxaban therapy, AXA ranged from 0 to 3.65 IU/mL; PT, from 9.6 to 44.5 s; and APTT, from 19.3 to 69.7 s. After the apixaban therapy, AXA ranged from 0.02 to 3.18 IU/mL; PT, from 10.2 to 20.8 s; and APTT, from 21.8 to 59.8 s. At peak time, the AXA of patients who received rivaroxaban and apixaban were almost the same (2.08±0.91 IU/mL vs. 1.71±0.57 IU/mL), but the PT and APTT of patients who received rivaroxaban were more prolonged than those of patients who received apixaban (18.1±5.6 s vs. 13.8±0.9 s, p<0.001 and 40.9±7.3 s vs. 35.5±7.5 s, p<0.01, respectively). At trough time, the AXA and PT of patients who received rivaroxaban were respectively lower and shorter than those of patients who received apixaban (0.28±0.31 IU/mL vs. 1.04±0.72 IU/mL, p<0.001 and 11.9±2.0 s vs. 13.7±2.4 s, p<0.01, respectively), but the APTT of patients who received rivaroxaban and apixaban did not significantly differ (32.3±4.3 s vs. 34.3±3.8 s).ConclusionsMeasurement of AXA might be useful to assess the pharmacodynamics of high‐risk patients, such as high age, low body weight, and/or low renal function, and to assess the intensity of anticoagulation by using different methods of administration, such as crushed tablet via the nasogastric tube.
Law and Tradition in a Socialist Market Economy: Haunted House Litigation in China
Authors: NOVARETTI Simona 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe transition of the People’s Republic of China into a market economy and the ensuing development of its real estate market have seen the rise of a new type of case, related to the sale of “second hand properties” (er shou fang) (二手房,): the “disputes in transactions for haunted houses” (xiong zhai maimai jiufen) (凶宅买卖纠纷). Can the plaintiff’s rights, which are not regulated by express provisions of statutory law but are rooted in traditional beliefs, be claimed in the courts of a socialist country? What are the legal grounds of these claims, if any? My aim is to highlight, through the analysis of several cases decided by the People’s Courts since 2004, the complex relationship between tradition, law, and economy in a country that provides one of the greatest examples of “legal transplants” in the history of mankind.
Ebola Preparedness Planning and Collaboration by Two Health Systems in Wisconsin, September to December 2014
Authors: Leonhardt Kathryn Kraft , Keuler Megan , Safdar Nasia , Hunter Paul 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe describe the collaborative approach used by 2 health systems in Wisconsin to plan and prepare for the threat of Ebola virus disease. This was a descriptive study of the preparedness planning, infection prevention, and collaboration with public health agencies undertaken by 2 health systems in Wisconsin between September and December 2014. The preparedness approach used by the 2 health systems relied successfully on their robust infrastructure for planning and infection prevention. In the setting of rapidly evolving guidance and unprecedented fear regarding Ebola, the 2 health systems enhanced their response through collaboration and coordination with each other and government public health agencies. Key lessons learned included the importance of a rigorous planning process, robust infection prevention practices, and coalitions between public and private health sectors. The potential threat of Ebola virus disease stimulated emergency preparedness in which acute care facilities played a leading role in the public health response. Leveraging the existing expertise of health systems is essential when faced with emerging infectious diseases. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:691–697)