bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Two-Grid Finite Element Method for Time-Dependent Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations with Non-Smooth Initial Data
Authors: Goswami Deepjyoti , Damázio Pedro D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe analyze here, a two-grid finite element method for the two dimensional time-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with non-smooth initial data. It involves solving the non-linear Navier-Stokes problem on a coarse grid of sizeHand solving a Stokes problem on a fine grid of sizeh, h « H.This method gives optimal convergence for velocity inH1-norm and for pressure inL2-norm. The analysis mainly focuses on the loss of regularity of the solution att= 0 of the Navier-Stokes equations.
Fitted Mesh Method for a Class of Singularly Perturbed Differential-Difference Equations
Authors: Kumar Devendra 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper deals with a more general class of singularly perturbed boundary value problem for a differential-difference equations with small shifts. In particular, the numerical study for the problems where second order derivative is multiplied by a small parameter ε and the shifts depend on the small parameter ε has been considered. The fitted-mesh technique is employed to generate a piecewise-uniform mesh, condensed in the neighborhood of the boundary layer. The cubic B-spline basis functions with fitted-mesh are considered in the procedure which yield a tridiagonal system which can be solved efficiently by using any well-known algorithm. The stability and parameter-uniform convergence analysis of the proposed method have been discussed. The method has been shown to have almost second-order parameter-uniform convergence. The effect of small parameters on the boundary layer has also been discussed. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme, several numerical experiments have been carried out.
Short-Term Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions as Affected by Enhanced Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizers and Temporarily Waterlogged Conditions
Authors: Zurweller Brendan A. , Motavalli Peter P. , Nelson Kelly A. , Dudenhoeffer Christopher J. 
Published: November 2015

<p> </p><p>Poorly-drained claypan soils in the Midwestern United States experience periods of short-term soil saturation shortly after pre-plant N fertilization, which may result in relatively large amounts of soil surface N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Slowing the release or conversion of N fertilizer to soil NO<sub>3 </sub>early in the growing seasonthrough the use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEF) could be an effective strategy for reducing soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and gaseous N loss during a period of relatively low plant N demand. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of short-term soil waterlogging and pre-plant applications of conventional and EEF on soil inorganic N and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions during and up to four days following a waterlogging event during the dry down period. A two-year field study planted to corn (<em>Zea mays </em>L.) was initiated in 2012 on a poorly-drained claypan soil in Northeast Missouri. Waterlogging treatments were initiated at the V6 corn stage of phenological development. Main plots consisted of no waterlogging or water ponded 7 to 13 cm above the soil surface for three days, and sub-plot N fertilizer treatments [non-treated control (CO), or preplant broadcast applications of 168 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> of urea (NCU), urea plus nitrapyrin nitrification inhibitor (NCU+NI), and polymer coated urea (PCU)]. In 2012, greater cumulative soil N<sub>2</sub>O-N emissions of 2.8 kg N<sub>2</sub>O-N ha<sup>-1</sup> were observed with PCU in comparison to NCU over the entire seven day sampling period. A significant portion of cumulative soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were associated with the four day soil drying phase in 2012, where PCU and NCU+NI had greater emissions (1.9 and 1.2 kg N<sub>2</sub>O-N ha<sup>-1</sup>) compared to NCU. The proportion of N fertilizer lost as N<sub>2</sub>O-N averaged over all pre-plant N treatments during the 2012 and 2013 sampling periods in the non-waterlogged soils were 0.04% and 0.03%, and 1.1% and 2.6% in the waterlogged soils, respectively. These results suggest that a large proportion of the cumulative soil surface N<sub>2</sub>O emissions typically observed in these poorly-drained soils over a growing season may occur during and shortly after soil waterlogging events.</p>
De Hoge Raad en het Hof van Justitie van de EU als partners in de prejudiciële procedure
Authors: Timmermans C.W.A. 
Published: November 2015

De Hoge Raad en het Hof van Justitie van de EU als partners in de prejudiciële procedure.
De relatie tussen de Hoge Raad en het Hof van Justitie van de EU is er een van samenwerking, niet van hiërarchie. Instrument voor deze samenwerking is de prejudiciële procedure. Hoe deze procedure optimaal te benutten? De auteur doet enkele, meer praktische suggesties, onder andere inzake de formulering van de verwijzingsbeschikking en de deelneming aan de procedure voor het Hof. Ten slotte wordt ingegaan op de prejudiciële adviesbevoegdheid voor hoogste, nationale gerechten ex Protocol 16 bij het EVRM en de relatie tot een eventuele verwijzingsplicht ex art. 267 VWEU.
CORRIGENDUM: A MIXED BOOLEAN AND DEPOSIT MODEL FOR THE MODELING OF METAL PIGMENTS IN PAINT LAYERS (2015 IMAGE ANAL STEREOL 34:125–34)
Authors: Couka Enguerrand , Willot François , Jeulin Dominique 
Published: November 2015

Corrigendum of A MIXED BOOLEAN AND DEPOSIT MODEL FOR THE MODELING OF METAL PIGMENTS IN PAINT LAYERS (2015 IMAGE ANAL STEREOL 34:125–34).
Ketoreductase TpdE fromRhodococcus jostiiTMP1: characterization and application in the synthesis of chiral alcohols
Authors: Stankevičiūtė Jonita , Kutanovas Simonas , Rutkienė Rasa , Tauraitė Daiva , Striela Romualdas , Meškys Rolandas 
Published: November 2015

Background.Production of highly pure enantiomers of vicinal diols is desirable, but difficult to achieve. Enantiomerically pure diols and acyloins are valuable bulk chemicals, promising synthones and potential building blocks for chiral polymers. Enzymatic reduction of ketones is a useful technique for the synthesis of the desired enantiomeric alcohols. Here, we report on the characterization of a ketoreductase TpdE fromRhodococcus jostiiTMP1 that is a prospective tool for the synthesis of such compounds.Results.In this study, NADPH-dependent short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase TpdE fromRhodococcus jostiiTMP1 was characterized. The enzyme exhibited broad substrate specificity towards aliphatic 2,3-diketones, butan-3-one-2-yl alkanoates, as well as acetoin and its acylated derivatives. TpdE stereospecifically reducedα-diketones to the corresponding diols. The GC-MS analysis of the reduction products of 2,3- and 3,4-diketones indicated that TpdE is capable of reducing both keto groups in its substrate leading to the formation of two new chiral atoms in the product molecule. Bioconversions of diketones to corresponding diols occurred using either purified enzyme or a whole-cellEscherichia coliBL21 (DE3) biocatalyst harbouring recombinant TpdE. The optimum temperature and pH were determined to be 30–35 °C and 7.5, respectively.Conclusions.The broad substrate specificity and stereoselectivity of TpdE fromRhodococcus jostiiTMP1 make it a promising biocatalyst for the production of enantiomerically pure diols that are difficult to obtain by chemical routes.
Effects of sex and site on amino acid metabolism enzyme gene expression and activity in rat white adipose tissue
Authors: Arriarán Sofía , Agnelli Silvia , Remesar Xavier , Fernández-López José Antonio , Alemany Marià 
Published: November 2015

Background and Objectives.White adipose tissue (WAT) shows marked sex- and diet-dependent differences. However, our metabolic knowledge of WAT, especially on amino acid metabolism, is considerably limited. In the present study, we compared the influence of sex on the amino acid metabolism profile of the four main WAT sites, focused on the paths related to ammonium handling and the urea cycle, as a way to estimate the extent of WAT implication on body amino-nitrogen metabolism.Experimental Design.Adult female and male rats were maintained, undisturbed, under standard conditions for one month. After killing them under isoflurane anesthesia. WAT sites were dissected and weighed. Subcutaneous, perigonadal, retroperitoneal and mesenteric WAT were analyzed for amino acid metabolism gene expression and enzyme activities.Results.There was a considerable stability of the urea cycle activities and expressions, irrespective of sex, and with only limited influence of site. Urea cycle was more resilient to change than other site-specialized metabolic pathways. The control of WAT urea cycle was probably related to the provision of arginine/citrulline, as deduced from the enzyme activity profiles. These data support a generalized role of WAT in overall amino-N handling. In contrast, sex markedly affected WAT ammonium-centered amino acid metabolism in a site-related way, with relatively higher emphasis in males’ subcutaneous WAT.Conclusions.We found that WAT has an active amino acid metabolism. Its gene expressions were lower than those of glucose-lipid interactions, but the differences were quantitatively less important than usually reported. The effects of sex on urea cycle enzymes expression and activity were limited, in contrast with the wider variations observed in other metabolic pathways. The results agree with a centralized control of urea cycle operation affecting the adipose organ as a whole.
Photokatalytische C‐H‐Oxygenierung von Alkylbenzolen mit Riboflavintetraacetat und einem Nicht‐Häm‐Eisenkomplex
Authors: Mühldorf Bernd , Wolf Robert 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEine Mischung von Riboflavintetraacetat (RFT) mit dem Nicht‐Häm‐Eisenkomplex [Fe(TPA)(MeCN)2](ClO4)2 (TPA=Tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amin) katalysiert effizient die aerobe Photooxidation von Alkylbenzolen zu Ketonen und Carbonsäuren. Hohe Ausbeuten und Selektivitäten werden durch den flavinkatalysierten Photoredoxzyklus und die davon unabhängige katalytische Wirkung des Eisenkomplexes in der H2O2‐Disproportionierung und der Alkylbenzol‐Oxygenierung erreicht.
A postnatal peak in microglial development in the mouse hippocampus is correlated with heightened sensitivity to seizure triggers
Authors: Kim Iris , Mlsna Lauren M. , Yoon Stella , Le Brandy , Yu Songtao , Xu Dan , Koh Sookyong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundExplosive synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning occur in the hippocampus during the first two weeks of postnatal life, coincident with a heightened susceptibility to seizures in rodents. To determine the temporal correlation between microglial development and age‐dependent susceptibility and response to seizures, we quantified developmental changes in basal microglia levels and seizure‐induced microglial activation in the hippocampus of Cx3Cr1GFP/+ transgenic mice.MethodsBasal levels of microglia were quantified in the hippocampi of Cx3Cr1GFP /+ mice at P0, P5, P10, P15, P20, P25, P30, P40, and P60. Seizure susceptibility and seizure‐induced microglial activation were assessed in response to febrile seizures (lipopolysaccharide followed by hyperthermia) and kainic acid‐induced status epilepticus.ResultsThe density of microglia within the hippocampus increased rapidly after birth, reaching a peak during the second week of life – the age at which the animals became most vulnerable to seizure triggers. In addition, this peak of microglial development and seizure vulnerability during the second postnatal week represented the time of maximal seizure‐induced microglia activation.ConclusionsOverreactive innate immunity mediated by activated microglia may exacerbate acute injury to neuronal synapses and contribute to the long‐term epileptogenic effects of early‐life seizures. Anti‐inflammatory therapy targeting excessive production of inflammatory mediators by activated microglia, therefore, may be an effective age‐specific therapeutic strategy to minimize neuronal dysfunction and prevent increases in susceptibility to subsequent seizures in developing animals.
Ionic Self‐Assembly and Red‐Phosphorescence Properties of a Charged Platinum(II) 8‐Quinolinol Complex Associated with Ammonium‐Based Amphiphiles
Authors: Camerel Franck , Vacher Antoine , Jeannin Olivier , Barberá Joaquín , Fourmigué Marc 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA series of ionic associates based on the platinum(II) chelate of 5‐sulfo‐8‐quinolinol, [Pt(qS)2]2−, and ammonium‐based amphiphiles is described. At variance with the prototypical neutral complex Pt(q)2 (q=8‐quinolinol), these dianionic fluorophores, functionalized at the periphery with sulfonate groups, can be associated by the ionic self‐assembly approach with various ammonium cations, such as (H2 n+1Cn)2Me2N+ (n=12, 16, 18) or complex ammonium cations carrying three Cn carbon chains (n=12, 14, 16) and an additional amide group. Investigations of their luminescence properties in solution, in the solid state, and, when possible, in thin films revealed that the phosphorescence properties in condensed phases are directly correlated to intermolecular interactions between the luminescent [Pt(qS)2]2− centers. Of particular interest is also the formation of a columnar liquid‐crystalline phase around room temperature (between −25 and +180 °C), as well as the very good film‐forming ability of some of these fluorophores from organic solvents.
Gelatin‐Assisted Synthesis of Vaterite Nanoparticles with Higher Surface Area and Porosity as Anticancer Drug Containers In Vitro
Authors: Wang Anhe , Yang Yang , Zhang Xiaoming , Liu Xingcen , Cui Wei , Li Junbai 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe fabrication of porous vaterite nanoparticles with improved stability in aqueous solution and higher surface area is still a challenge. Here, inspired by the formation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles, we have taken gelatin as a “surfactant” to assist in the formation of vaterite nanoparticles and help create pores on their surface due to the distinct solubility and molecular morphology of gelatin in different solutions. The formation mechanism of vaterite nanoparticles and pores was investigated in detail, indicating that the existence of gelatin has a crucial effect on the formation of vaterite nanoparticles and their stability. Meanwhile, the elution of gelatin from vaterite nanoparticles via washing with hot water accounts for their higher surface area. Their application as an anticancer drug (doxorubicin) carrier after folic acid treatment was also investigated. These nanoparticles have advantages for drug release due to their pH‐sensitive structure and also have enhanced cytotoxicity toward cancer cells due to the folic acid modification.
Joint mode selection and resource allocation for machine‐type D2D links
Authors: Zhao Jingjing , Chai Kok Keong , Chen Yue , Schormans John , Alonso‐Zarate Jesus 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLow‐power machine‐type communications devices in machine‐to‐machine networks are expected to operate autonomously for years, or even decades. Meanwhile, device‐to‐device (D2D) communications make large benefits on users' data rate and power consumption because of the proximity between potential D2D transmitters and receivers. In this paper, we facilitate machine‐type D2D links where the machine‐type communications devices are connected to a nearby device, such as a number of sensors connected to a gateway that acts as the relay towards the evolved NodeB. A challenging problem is the co‐channel interference caused by spectrum sharing between underlaying machine‐type D2D links and traditional cellular user equipments (CUEs). Therefore, we consider joint mode selection, radio resource allocation and power control to improve overall system data rate and reduce average traffic delay. We first formulate a problem to maximise the sum of users' utilities with signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise and power constraints for both D2D links and CUEs. Furthermore, we adopt the coalition formation game with transferable utility to solve the formulated problem. In the game model, the D2D links and CUEs that share the same resource block pair form a coalition, and the coalition formation decisions are determined by the best‐reply rule. In addition, ‘experimentation’ is introduced in the coalition formation process to improve the effectiveness of the final coalition structure. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the scheme with heuristic greedy algorithm in terms of overall system throughput, average traffic delay and users' fairness. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An immersed boundary method for unstructured meshes in depth averaged shallow water models
Authors: Ouro Pablo , Cea Luis , Ramírez Luis , Nogueira Xesús 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe representation of geometries as buildings, flood barriers or dikes in free surface flow models implies tedious and time‐consuming operations in order to define accurately the shape of these objects when using a body fitted numerical mesh. The immersed boundary method is an alternative way to define solid bodies inside the computational domain without the need of fitting the mesh boundaries to the shape of the object. In the direct forcing immersed boundary method, a solid body is represented by a grid of Lagrangian markers, which define its shape and which are independent from the fluid Eulerian mesh. This paper presents a new implementation of the immersed boundary method in an unstructured finite volume solver for the 2D shallow water equations. Moving least‐squares is used to transmit information between the grid of Lagrangian markers and the fluid Eulerian mesh. The performance of the proposed implementation is analysed in three test cases involving different flow conditions: the flow around a spur dike, a dam break flow with an isolated obstacle and the flow around an array of obstacles. A very good agreement between the classic body fitted approach and the immersed boundary method was found. The differences between the results obtained with both methods are less relevant than the errors because of the intrinsic shallow water assumptions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind clinical trial of escitalopram on the progression‐delaying effects in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Choe Young Min , Kim Ki Woong , Jhoo Jin Hyeong , Ryu Seung Ho , Seo Eun Hyun , Sohn Bo Kyung , Byun Min Soo , Bak Jae‐Hwa , Lee Jong‐Min , Yun Hyuk Jin , Han Myeong‐il , Woo Jong Inn , Lee Dong Young 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesA series of preclinical studies have suggested that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants not only stimulate neurogenesis but also have neuroprotective effects. The present study primarily aimed to investigate whether escitalopram would decelerate the brain atrophy of patients with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). We also assessed the effects of escitalopram on the cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms of these participants.MethodsSeventy‐four probable AD patients without major depression were recruited from four dementia clinics of university hospitals and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio. Each group received 20 mg/day of escitalopram or placebo for 52 weeks. The primary outcome measures were the change rates of hippocampal and whole brain volume on magnetic resonance imaging for 52 weeks. The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale—cognitive subscale, Mini‐Mental State Examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) were also applied.ResultsWe did not find any significant differences in the changes of hippocampal or whole brain volume between the groups. Escitalopram showed significant beneficial effects on the CSDD score at 28 weeks compared with placebo (t = −2.17, df = 50.42, p = 0.035), but this finding did not persist throughout the study.ConclusionThe findings of the present study do not support the role of escitalopram as a progression‐delaying treatment for AD. However, the negative results of the present trial should be interpreted cautiously because of the relatively small sample size. Further large‐scale escitalopram trials targeting the earlier stages of AD, even prodromal AD, are still needed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Donor Coordination for Effective Government Policies?
Authors: Leiderer Stefan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNew aid approaches devised under the Paris/Accra agenda for more effective aid are expected to make a particular difference in health and education as, arguably, in these sectors aid fragmentation is particularly prevalent. This article reviews evidence from recent in‐depth country work on the extent to which the harmonisation and alignment principles, implemented through new aid modalities, have contributed to health and education outcomes in Zambia. Evidence suggests that even in a ‘model’ case for adopting Paris‐style aid instruments such as Zambia, implementation of good aid principles has been insufficient to overcome the negative side effects of uncoordinated and fragmented aid. © 2015 UNU‐WIDER. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brazilian South–South Development Cooperation: The Case of the Ministry of Social Development in Africa
Authors: Leite Iara Costa , Pomeroy Melissa , Suyama Bianca 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe article analyses domestic and external drivers of the rise of South–South development cooperation to a foreign policy priority under the Lula administrations. It argues that the rise was a consequence of presidential leadership, growing domestic mobilisation, shifts in the global political economy and the prioritisation of South–South development cooperation by traditional donors. It explores the case of the Ministry of Social Development cooperation with Africa, focusing on two experiences—the Bolsa Família and the Purchase from Africans for Africa Programme. Although the ministry's partnership with traditional donors remained constant, there was increased domestic leadership in the food purchase programme. © 2015 UNU‐WIDER.Journal of International Developmentpublished by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global maximum power point tracking based on new extremum seeking control scheme
Authors: Bizon Nicu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA new perturbed‐based extremum seeking control (PESC) scheme is proposed in this paper to track the global maximum power point (GMPP). The PESC scheme has two control loops based on power of the photovoltaic (PV) array: the first loop operates as usually to track the maximum power point and the second sweeps all local MPPs to locate the GMPP. Once the GMPP is located based on its uniqueness (after the PV pattern is quickly scanned many times, depending on the PV pattern's profile), the GMPP is accurately tracked based on first control loop. The used PV patterns have the profile of the PV power characteristics obtained for PV array under partially shaded conditions (PSCs). This PESC scheme is proposed to track the GMPP in the PV applications, but also in other multimodal problems from industry, being a good motif to revive the specialists' interest for the extremum seeking control field. The results obtained here are very promising for both search speed and tracking accuracy performances of the GMPP under different PSCs simulated on the PV array. Thus, the energy efficiency of PV array controlled with the proposed PESC scheme will increase with more than 1.2% in comparison with that obtained with the other MPP algorithms because of better performance shown by this PESC scheme. A 99.6% tracking accuracy is obtained here in comparison with a maximum 98.4% tracking accuracy reported in the literature. Furthermore, 100% hit and high search speed are obtained here for the GMPP localization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.