bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Determinants forn-Butanol Tolerance in Evolved Escherichia coli Mutants: Cross Adaptation and Antagonistic Pleiotropy betweenn-Butanol and Other Stressors
Authors: Reyes Luis H. , Abdelaal Ali S. , Kao Katy C. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTCross-tolerance and antagonistic pleiotropy have been observed between different complex phenotypes in microbial systems. These relationships between adaptive landscapes are important for the design of industrially relevant strains, which are generally subjected to multiple stressors. In our previous work, we evolvedEscherichia colifor enhanced tolerance to the biofueln-butanol and discovered a molecular mechanism ofn-butanol tolerance that also conferred tolerance to the cationic antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B in one specific lineage (green fluorescent protein [GFP] labeled) in the evolved population. In this work, we aim to identify additional mechanisms ofn-butanol tolerance in an independent lineage (yellow fluorescent protein [YFP] labeled) from the same evolved population and to further explore potential cross-tolerance and antagonistic pleiotropy betweenn-butanol tolerance and other industrially relevant stressors. Analysis of the transcriptome data of the YFP-labeled mutants allowed us to discover additional membrane-related and osmotic stress-related genes that confern-butanol tolerance inE. coli. Interestingly, then-butanol resistance mechanisms conferred by the membrane-related genes appear to be specific ton-butanol and are in many cases antagonistic with isobutanol and ethanol. Furthermore, the YFP-labeled mutants showed cross-tolerance betweenn-butanol and osmotic stress, while the GFP-labeled mutants showed antagonistic pleiotropy betweenn-butanol and osmotic stress tolerance.
Rapid Identification of Bacillus anthracis Spores in Suspicious Powder Samples by Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)
Authors: Dybwad Marius , van der Laaken Anton L. , Blatny Janet Martha , Paauw Armand 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Rapid and reliable identification of
Bacillus anthracis
spores in suspicious powders is important to mitigate the safety risks and economic burdens associated with such incidents. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a rapid and reliable laboratory-based matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis method for identifying
B. anthracis
spores in suspicious powder samples. A reference library containing 22 different
Bacillus
sp. strains or hoax materials was constructed and coupled with a novel classification algorithm and standardized processing protocol for various powder samples. The method's limit of
B. anthracis
detection was determined to be 2.5 × 10
6
spores, equivalent to a 55-μg sample size of the crudest
B. anthracis
-containing powder discovered during the 2001 Amerithrax incidents. The end-to-end analysis method was able to successfully discriminate among samples containing
B. anthracis
spores, closely related
Bacillus
sp. spores, and commonly encountered hoax materials. No false-positive or -negative classifications of
B. anthracis
spores were observed, even when the analysis method was challenged with a wide range of other bacterial agents. The robustness of the method was demonstrated by analyzing samples (i) at an external facility using a different MALDI-TOF MS instrument, (ii) using an untrained operator, and (iii) using mixtures of
Bacillus
sp. spores and hoax materials. Taken together, the observed performance of the analysis method developed demonstrates its potential applicability as a rapid, specific, sensitive, robust, and cost-effective laboratory-based analysis tool for resolving incidents involving suspicious powders in less than 30 min.
Functional Gene Analysis of Freshwater Iron-Rich Flocs at Circumneutral pH and Isolation of a Stalk-Forming Microaerophilic Iron-Oxidizing Bacterium
Authors: Kato Shingo , Chan Clara , Itoh Takashi , Ohkuma Moriya 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIron-rich flocs often occur where anoxic water containing ferrous iron encounters oxygenated environments. Culture-independent molecular analyses have revealed the presence of 16S rRNA gene sequences related to diverse bacteria, including autotrophic iron oxidizers and methanotrophs in iron-rich flocs; however, the metabolic functions of the microbial communities remain poorly characterized, particularly regarding carbon cycling. In the present study, we cultivated iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) and performed clone library analyses of functional genes related to carbon fixation and methane oxidization (cbbMandpmoA, respectively), in addition to bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes, in freshwater iron-rich flocs at groundwater discharge points. The analyses of 16S rRNA,cbbM, andpmoAgenes strongly suggested the coexistence of autotrophic iron oxidizers and methanotrophs in the flocs. Furthermore, a novel stalk-forming microaerophilic FeOB, strain OYT1, was isolated and characterized phylogenetically and physiologically. The 16S rRNA andcbbMgene sequences of OYT1 are related to those of other microaerophilic FeOB in the familyGallionellaceae, of theBetaproteobacteria, isolated from freshwater environments at circumneutral pH. The physiological characteristics of OYT1 will help elucidate the ecophysiology of microaerophilic FeOB. Overall, this study demonstrates functional roles of microorganisms in iron flocs, suggesting several possible linkages between Fe and C cycling.
Atypical Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase Implicated in Regulating Transition from Pre-S-Phase Asexual Intraerythrocytic Development of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Balu Bharath , Campbell Christopher , Sedillo Jennifer , Maher Steven , Singh Naresh , Thomas Phaedra , Zhang Min , Pance Alena , Otto Thomas D. , Rayner Julian C. , Adams John H. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Intraerythrocytic development of the human malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum
appears as a continuous flow through growth and proliferation. To develop a greater understanding of the critical regulatory events, we utilized
piggyBac
insertional mutagenesis to randomly disrupt genes. Screening a collection of
piggyBac
mutants for slow growth, we isolated the attenuated parasite C9, which carried a single insertion disrupting the open reading frame (ORF) of PF3D7_1305500. This gene encodes a protein structurally similar to a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase, except for two notable characteristics that alter the signature motif of the dual-specificity phosphatase domain, suggesting that it may be a low-activity phosphatase or pseudophosphatase. C9 parasites demonstrated a significantly lower growth rate with delayed entry into the S/M phase of the cell cycle, which follows the stage of maximum PF3D7_1305500 expression in intact parasites. Genetic complementation with the full-length PF3D7_1305500 rescued the wild-type phenotype of C9, validating the importance of the putative protein phosphatase PF3D7_1305500 as a regulator of pre-S-phase cell cycle progression in
P. falciparum
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Phocine Distemper Virus Isolated from a Harbor Seal (
Phoca vitulina
) during the 1988 North Sea Epidemic
Authors: de Vries Rory D. , Verburgh R. Joyce , van de Bildt Marco W. G. , Osterhaus Albert D. M. E. , de Swart Rik L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Phocine distemper virus (PDV) was identified as the cause of a large morbillivirus outbreak among harbor seals in the North Sea in 1988. PDV is a member of the family
Paramyxoviridae
, genus
Morbillivirus
. Until now, no full-genome sequence of PDV has been available.
Draft Genome Sequence of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strain 06BA18369, a Pathogen Associated with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Northern Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: McDonald Ryan R. , Golding George R. , Irvine James , Graham Morag R. , Tyler Shaun , Mulvey Michael R. , Levett Paul N. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we announce the draft sequence of a representative methicillin-susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
(MSSA) isolate (06BA18369) whose strain type (
spa
type t311) was commonly isolated from skin and soft tissue coinfections with
Streptococcus pyogenes
. This strain sequence provides insight into a highly successful community-associated MSSA strain type.
Complete Genome Sequence of Raoultella ornithinolytica Strain B6, a 2,3-Butanediol-Producing Bacterium Isolated from Oil-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Shin Sang Heum , Um Youngsoon , Beak Jeong Hun , Kim Sehwan , Lee Soojin , Oh Min-Kyu , Kim Young-Rok , Lee Jinwon , Yang Kap-Seok 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Here we report the full genome sequence of
Raoultella ornithinolytica
strain B6, a Gram-negative aerobic bacillus belonging to the family
Enterobacteriaceae
. This 2,3-butanediol-producing bacterium was isolated from oil-contaminated soil on Backwoon Mountain in South Korea. Strain B6 contains 5,398,151 bp with 4,909 protein-coding genes, 104 structural RNAs, and 55.88% G+C content.
Genome Sequencing of Four Strains of Rickettsia prowazekii, the Causative Agent of Epidemic Typhus, Including One Flying Squirrel Isolate
Authors: Bishop-Lilly Kimberly A. , Ge Hong , Butani Amy , Osborne Brian , Verratti Kathleen , Mokashi Vishwesh , Nagarajan Niranjan , Pop Mihai , Read Timothy D. , Richards Allen L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Rickettsia prowazekii
is a notable intracellular pathogen, the agent of epidemic typhus, and a potential biothreat agent. We present here whole-genome sequence data for four strains of
R. prowazekii
, including one from a flying squirrel.
Genome Sequence of the Vancomycin-Producing Amycolatopsis orientalis subsp.
orientalis
Strain KCTC 9412
T
Authors: Jeong Haeyoung , Sim Young Mi , Kim Hyun Ju , Lee Dong-Woo , Lim Si-Kyu , Lee Sang Jun 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Amycolatopsis orientalis
is the producer of vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic that is used for the treatment of serious infections with Gram-positive bacteria. Here we present the next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based 9.06-Mb draft genome sequence of the type strain
Amycolatopsis orientalis
subsp.
orientalis
KCTC 9412 (DSM 40040; ATCC 19795).
Time-trends and circumstances surrounding ankle injuries in men's professional football: an 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study
Authors: Waldén Markus , Hägglund Martin , Ekstrand Jan 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundAnkle injury is common in football, but the circumstances surrounding them are not well characterised.AimTo investigate the rates, especially time-trends, and circumstances of ankle injuries in male professional football.Methods27 European clubs with 1743 players were followed prospectively between 2001/2002 and 2011/2012. Time loss injuries and individual-player exposure during training sessions and matches were recorded. Injury rate was defined as the number of injuries/1000 h.ResultsA total of 1080 ankle injuries were recorded (13% of all injuries) with lateral ligament ankle sprain being the most common injury subtype (51% of all ankle injuries). The rates of ankle injury and ankle sprain were 1/1000 h and 0.7/1000 h, respectively. The ankle sprain rate declined slightly over time during the 11-year study period (on average 3.1%/season) with a statistically significant seasonal trend (p=0.041). Foul play according to the referee was involved in 40% of the match-related ankle sprains. Syndesmotic sprains and ankle impingement were uncommon causes of time loss (3% each of all ankle injuries).ConclusionsLateral ligament ankle sprain constituted half of all ankle injuries in male professional football, whereas ankle impingement syndromes were uncommon. The ankle sprain rate decreased slightly over time, but many ankle sprains were associated with foul play. Our data extend the body of literature that provides football policy makers with a foundation to review existing rules and their enforcement.
The Seattle Criteria increase the specificity of preparticipation ECG screening among elite athletes
Authors: Brosnan Maria , La Gerche Andre , Kalman Jon , Lo Wilson , Fallon Kieran , MacIsaac Andrew , Prior David 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundIn 2010, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) released recommendations for the interpretation of the 12-lead ECG in athletes, dividing changes into group 1 (training related) and group 2 (training unrelated). Recently, the ‘Seattle Criteria’, a series of revisions to these recommendations, was published, with the aim of improving the specificity of ECG screening in athletes.ObjectivesFirst, to assess the prevalence of ECG abnormalities in a cohort of elite Australian athletes using the 2010 ESC recommendations and determine how often group 2 ECG changes correlate with the evidence of significant cardiac pathology on further investigation. Second, to assess the impact of the ‘Seattle Criteria’ in reducing the number of athletes with ECG abnormalities in whom further cardiac testing is unremarkable (‘false positives’).Design1197 elite athletes underwent cardiovascular screening between 2011 and 2012, of whom 1078 aged 16–35 years volunteered and were eligible to participate.Results186 (17.3%) had an abnormal ECG according to ESC recommendations and a further 30 (2.8)% had unclassified changes. Three athletes (0.3%) were found to have a cardiac abnormality on further investigation. Using the Seattle Criteria, the number of athletes classified as abnormal fell to 48 (4.5%, p<0.0001) and the three with an underlying cardiac abnormality were still identified. The improved specificity was due to reclassification of 71 athletes (6.6%) with an equivocal QTc interval, 42 (3.9%) with T wave inversion isolated to V1–2 and 22 (2%) with either isolated right axis deviation or right ventricular hypertrophy on voltage criteria.ConclusionsThe ‘Seattle Criteria’ reduced the false-positive rate of ECG screening from 17% to 4.2%, while still identifying the 0.3% of athletes with a cardiac abnormality.
Human factors and ergonomics as a patient safety practice
Authors: Carayon Pascale , Xie Anping , Kianfar Sarah 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundHuman factors and ergonomics (HFE) approaches to patient safety have addressed five different domains: usability of technology; human error and its role in patient safety; the role of healthcare worker performance in patient safety; system resilience; and HFE systems approaches to patient safety.MethodsA review of various HFE approaches to patient safety and studies on HFE interventions was conducted.ResultsThis paper describes specific examples of HFE-based interventions for patient safety. Studies show that HFE can be used in a variety of domains.ConclusionsHFE is a core element of patient safety improvement. Therefore, every effort should be made to support HFE applications in patient safety.
Experiences of healthcare professionals in the community dealing with the spiritual needs of children and young people with life-threatening and life-limiting conditions and their families: report of a workshop
Authors: Llewellyn Henry , Jones Louise , Kelly Paula , Barnes Jeanette , O'Gorman Bernadette , Craig Finella , Bluebond-Langner Myra 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveWe sought to understand how healthcare professionals (HCP) conceptualise spirituality among seriously ill children and young people (CYP) and their families, and their experiences in dealing with spiritual issues that emerge in practice.MethodWe analysed thematically presentations and small group discussions with HCP that took place as part of a day-long workshop exploring the place of spirituality in paediatric healthcare.Results(1) HCP conceptualised spirituality as highly individualised searches for meaning, hope and connectedness to self, others and the world. They saw spirituality within a developmental context. (2) HCP described spiritual concerns that were tied to their own conceptualisations of spirituality, centring on ideas of loss, including loss of hope or meaning. (3) HCP approached spiritual concerns of CYP and families by ‘being there’ and supporting spiritual enquiry. (4) Challenges to their work included managing hopes of CYP and families in the face of poor prognoses, discussions about miracles and issues with their own faith. Spiritual care was seen as different to other areas of care which HCP felt had a greater prescription in delivery.ConclusionsThe findings underscore the complexity of spirituality in times of illness and the challenges faced in its management. HCP should be alerted to the myriad ways spirituality emerges in serious illness and opportunities for developing confidence in attending to spiritual issues with CYP and families through training. Research should explore with patients, families and HCP how tensions among CYP, autonomy, the maintenance of hope and miracle beliefs are best approached within care.
Substituting community children's nursing services for inpatient care: a case study of costs and effects
Authors: Callery Peter , Kyle Richard G , Weatherly Helen , Banks Michele , Ewing Carol , Powell Peter , Kirk Susan 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo compare children's pathways to and through Community Children's Nursing Team (CCNT) care, and NHS costs, before and after relocation of inpatient services and extension of a paediatric Emergency Department and Observation and Assessment Unit (ED/OAU).DesignCase study. Routinely collected data on activity and staffing were provided by the CCNT. Parents completed questionnaires about their child's use of healthcare services and satisfaction with care preservice reconfiguration (n=221) or postreconfiguration (n=210). The cost of service use was compared prereconfiguration and postreconfiguration.PatientsChildren referred to CCNT care.Main outcome measuresHealthcare service use and associated costs, satisfaction with CCNT care.ResultsThe mean number of services used before referral to the CCNT reduced from 2.8 to 1.6, and the proportion using only one service increased from 26% (n=58) to 61% (n=128). Inpatient admission during CCNT care reduced from 6% (n=13) to 2% (n=4), and ED attendance from 37% (n=79) to 16% (n=31). There was a considerable fall (25%) in the cost of CCNT care, and a sharp fall (55%) in the average overall NHS cost of care. CCNT care was rated ‘excellent’ or ‘very good’ by 85% of respondents both prereconfiguration and postreconfiguration.ConclusionsA CCNT provided an alternative to hospitalisation when acute general paediatric services were reconfigured to substitute for a relocated hospital. Children's pathways to CCNT care were shortened. The average cost of CCNT care and overall NHS cost were lower following reconfiguration. Satisfaction remained high throughout.
Screening methods to detect child maltreatment: high variability in Dutch emergency departments
Authors: Hoytema van Konijnenburg Eva M M , Teeuw Arianne H , Zwaard Sophie A , van der Lee Johanna H , van Rijn Rick R 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundIn the Netherlands, screening for child maltreatment is mandatory in all emergency departments but it is unclear which screening methods are being used. As a first step towards implementation of a universal screening method across all emergency departments, we assessed the currently used screening methods.ObjectiveTo provide an overview of the screening methods for child maltreatment across all emergency departments in the Netherlands and to assess their empirical substantiation.MethodsWe surveyed all emergency departments in the Netherlands using a questionnaire on screening methods. All screening checklists used in emergency departments were assembled and compared with the literature.Results85 hospitals with an emergency department were approached, 80 of which completed the questionnaire and 77 provided copies of their screening checklists. All participating hospitals use a screening checklist, 41% a screening physical examination, 60% a screening based on parental risk factors and 3% a retrospective review of all charts. The empirical substantiation for these screening methods is largely lacking, and at least 73% of the hospitals use a checklist that has not been reported in the literature.ConclusionsLarge variations in screening methods exist across emergency departments in the Netherlands, most of which are not based on empirical evidence.
Inequalities in asthma treatment among children by country of birth and ancestry: a nationwide study in Denmark
Authors: Cantarero-Arévalo Lourdes , Holstein Bjørn Evald , Andersen Anette , Kaae Susanne , Nørredam Marie , Hansen Ebba Holme 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundInvestigations in several Western countries have reported ethnic differences in asthma prevalence and treatment among children and in some countries these differences are increasing. The aim of this study was to analyse whether there are inequalities in asthma treatment by country of birth and ancestry among children residing in Denmark, and whether this potential association may vary between different household income groups.MethodsData were obtained by linking the Danish Civil Registration System, the Central Taxpayers’ Register and the Danish National Prescription Register. Population: the entire population of children in Denmark from 0 to 17 years of age in 2008 (n=1 209 091). Information on asthma treatment was obtained from the National Prescription Register. The analyses included multiple logistic regression models stratified by household income.ResultsCompared with ethnic Danes, immigrant children had the lowest OR for redeeming a prescription for asthma medication, both relief (OR 0.37; 95% CIs, 0.20 to 0.68) and preventive (OR 0.37; (0.22 to 0.59)). Similar associations were found among descendant children (OR for relief treatment 0.82 (0.79 to 0.89) and for preventive treatment 0.68 (0.61 to 0.75)). The pattern of the association remained after stratifying for household income.ConclusionsWe found that, inequalities that cannot be explained by household income alone exist in treatments to prevent asthma as well as to relieve symptoms in children residing in Denmark, by country of birth and ancestry. The difference between immigrants and descendants may indicate that unfamiliarity with the Danish healthcare system is a contributory cause of the inadequate treatment of asthma.
Do labour market status transitions predict changes in psychological well-being?
Authors: Flint Ellen , Bartley Mel , Shelton Nicola , Sacker Amanda 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to establish the direction of causality in the relationship between labour market status and psychological well-being by investigating how transitions between secure employment, insecure employment, unemployment, permanent sickness and other economic inactivity predict changes in psychological well-being over a 16-year period.MethodThis study used data from the British Household Panel Survey (1991–2007). Psychological well-being was measured using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Fixed effects models were utilised to investigate how transitions between labour market statuses predicted GHQ-12 score, adjusting for current labour market status and a range of covariates.ResultsAfter taking account of the contemporaneous effects of joblessness on psychological well-being, and the impact of a range of confounding factors, experiencing a transition from employment to joblessness was significantly predictive of poorer psychological well-being. Transitions into employment were not found to have equal and opposite effects: the positive effects of moving into work from unemployment were not as large as the negative effects of job loss. Transitions between secure and insecure employment did not independently predict changes in psychological well-being.ConclusionsA causal relationship between labour market status and psychological well-being is indicated.