bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A family‐based paradigm to identify candidate chromosomal regions for isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Arrington Cammon B. , Bleyl Steven B. , Matsunami Nori , Bowles Neil E. , Leppert Tami I. , Demarest Bradley L. , Osborne Karen , Yoder Bradley A. , Byrne Janice L. , Schiffman Joshua D. , Null Donald M. , DiGeronimo Robert , Rollins Michael , Faix Roger , Comstock Jessica , Camp Nicola J. , Leppert Mark F. , Yost H. Joseph , Brunelli Luca 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a developmental defect of the diaphragm that causes high newborn mortality. Isolated or non‐syndromic CDH is considered a multifactorial disease, with strong evidence implicating genetic factors. As low heritability has been reported in isolated CDH, family‐based genetic methods have yet to identify the genetic factors associated with the defect. Using the Utah Population Database, we identified distantly related patients from several extended families with a high incidence of isolated CDH. Using high‐density genotyping, seven patients were analyzed by homozygosity exclusion rare allele mapping (HERAM) and phased haplotype sharing (HapShare), two methods we developed to map shared chromosome regions. Our patient cohort shared three regions not previously associated with CDH, that is, 2q11.2–q12.1, 4p13 and 7q11.2, and two regions previously involved in CDH, that is, 8p23.1 and 15q26.2. The latter regions contain GATA4 and NR2F2, two genes implicated in diaphragm formation in mice. Interestingly, three patients shared the 8p23.1 locus and one of them also harbored the 15q26.2 segment. No coding variants were identified in GATA4 or NR2F2, but a rare shared variant was found in intron 1 of GATA4. This work shows the role of heritability in isolated CDH. Our family‐based strategy uncovers new chromosomal regions possibly associated with disease, and suggests that non‐coding variants of GATA4 and NR2F2 may contribute to the development of isolated CDH. This approach could speed up the discovery of the genes and regulatory elements causing multifactorial diseases, such as isolated CDH. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The 7Li (n,γ)8Li radiative capture at astrophysical energies
Authors: Dubovichenko S.B. , Dzhazairov‐Kakhramanov A.V. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe possibility to construct intercluster interaction potentials in continuous and discrete spectra is shown in one‐channel cluster model based on the classification of orbital states according to Young schemes. These potentials usually contain Pauli forbidden states, and correctly describe elastic scattering phase shifts taking into account resonance behavior and main characteristics of the bound states of nuclei in the considering cluster channel. The versions of intercluster interaction potentials describing the resonance nature of some phase shifts of the n7Li elastic scattering at low energies and the P2 ground state of 8Li in the n7Li cluster channel have been constructed for the demonstration of this approach. The possibility of describing the total cross sections of 7Li (n,γ)8Li within the energies from 5 meV (5 · 10‐3 eV) to 1 MeV, including resonance at 0.25 MeV, has been demonstrated for the potentials obtained in the potential cluster model with forbidden states.
Microfluidic tools for developmental studies of small model organisms –nematodes, fruit flies, and zebrafish
Authors: Hwang Hyundoo , Lu Hang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractStudying the genetics of development with small model organisms such as the zebrafish (Danio Rerio), the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), and the soil‐dwelling nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), provide unique opportunities for understanding related processes and diseases in humans. These model organisms also have potential for use in drug discovery and toxicity‐screening applications. There have been sweeping developments in microfabrication and microfluidic technologies for manipulating and imaging small objects, including small model organisms, which allow high‐throughput quantitative biological studies. Here, we review recent progress in microfluidic tools able to manipulate small organisms and project future directions and applications of these techniques and technologies.
Bioreactors in tissue engineering—principles, applications and commercial constraints
Authors: Hansmann Jan , Groeber Florian , Kahlig Alexander , Kleinhans Claudia , Walles Heike 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBioreactor technology is vital for tissue engineering. Usually, bioreactors are used to provide a tissue‐specific physiological in vitro environment during tissue maturation. In addition to this most obvious application, bioreactors have the potential to improve the efficiency of the overall tissue‐engineering concept. To date, a variety of bioreactor systems for tissue‐specific applications have been developed. Of these, some systems are already commercially available. With bioreactor technology, various functional tissues of different types were generated and cultured in vitro. Nevertheless, these efforts and achievements alone have not yet led to many clinically successful tissue‐engineered implants. We review possible applications for bioreactor systems within a tissue‐engineering process and present basic principles and requirements for bioreactor development. Moreover, the use of bioreactor systems for the expansion of clinically relevant cell types is addressed. In contrast to cell expansion, for the generation of functional three‐dimensional tissue equivalents, additional physical cues must be provided. Therefore, bioreactors for musculoskeletal tissue engineering are discussed. Finally, bioreactor technology is reviewed in the context of commercial constraints.
Efficient Preparation of Giant Vesicles as Biomimetic Compartment Systems with High Entrapment Yields for Biomacromolecules
Authors: Kuroiwa Takashi , Fujita Ryoji , Kobayashi Isao , Uemura Kunihiko , Nakajima Mitsutoshi , Sato Seigo , Walde Peter , Ichikawa Sosaku 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe ‘lipid‐coated ice‐droplet hydration method’ was applied for the preparation of milliliter volumes of a suspension of giant phospholipid vesicles containing in the inner aqueous vesicle pool in high yield either calcein, α‐chymotrypsin, fluorescently labeled bovine serum albumin or dextran (FITC‐BSA and FITC‐dextran; FITC=fluorescein isothiocyanate). The vesicles had an average diameter of ca. 7–11 μm and contained 20–50% of the desired molecules to be entrapped, the entrapment yield being dependent on the chemical structure of the entrapped molecules and on the details of the vesicle‐formation procedure. The ‘lipid‐coated ice droplet hydration method’ is a multistep process, based on i) the initial formation of a monodisperse water‐in‐oil emulsion by microchannel emulsification, followed by ii) emulsion droplet freezing, and iii) surfactant and oil removal, and replacement with bilayer‐forming lipids and an aqueous solution. If one aims at applying the method for the entrapment of enzymes, retention of catalytic activity is important to consider. With α‐chymotrypsin as first model enzyme to be used with the method, it was shown that high retention of enzymatic activity is possible, and that the entrapped enzyme molecules were able to catalyze the hydrolysis of a membrane‐permeable substrate which was added to the vesicles after their formation. Furthermore, one of the critical steps of the method that leads to significant release of the molecules from the water droplets was investigated and optimized by using calcein as fluorescent probe.
DNA Triplex‐Mediated Assembly of Polyaromatic Chromophores
Authors: Biner Sarah M. , Häner Robert 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of intramolecular triple‐helical DNA structures containing polyaromatic pyrene and perylene (perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide, PDI) building blocks are presented. Two 1,8‐dialkynylpyrene units are located in the WatsonCrick stem of the construct, while a PDI or a natural thymidine is present in the Hoogsteen strand. The triple helical structures were investigated by UV/VIS absorbance, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism (CD) measurements. The folding of the intramolecular triple helix can be monitored by changes in the vibronic transition ratios, as well as by a change in the alkynylpyrene fluorescence (monomer vs. excimer). It is shown that thymine in the third strand has a pronounced influence on the interaction and, thus, on the fluorescence properties of two pyrene building blocks.
An Open Question on the Origin of Life: The First Forms of Metabolism
Authors: Luisi Pier Luigi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe general framework of the origin of life on Earth is outlined, emphasizing that the so‐called prebiotic ‘RNA world’ is as yet on shaky scientific ground, and that one should any way ask the question of the structure of the first protocellular compartments capable of the initial forms of metabolism. This question is the basis of the research project on the minimal cells, containing the minimal and sufficient complexity capable of leading to life. Such research is briefly summarized, highlighting experiments with liposome‐based semisynthetic cells which are capable of ribosomal protein synthesis with a very minimal number of enzymes. The most recent finding in this area of research is the unexpected observation that the formation and closure of liposomes in situ acts as an attractor for the solute molecules in solution, bringing about a very high local concentration in some of the liposomes. It is argued that this spontaneous overcrowding, which permits reactions which are not possible in the original dilute solution, might be the origin of cellular metabolism for the origin of life on Earth.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Live Cell Imaging of Novel Fluorescent Duocarmycin Analogs
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Behrendt Frank , Pestel Galina F. , Schuberth Ingrid , Mitkovski Mišo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFor a better understanding of the mode of action of duocarmycin and its analogs, the novel fluorescent duocarmycin derivatives 13–15 and 17b–19b were synthesized, and their bioactivity as well as their cellular uptake investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in live‐cell imaging experiments.
Synthesis, Structure, and Biological Applications of α‐Fluorinated β‐Amino Acids and Derivatives
Authors: March Taryn L. , Johnston Martin R. , Duggan Peter J. , Gardiner James 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis review gives a broad overview of the state of play with respect to the synthesis, conformational properties, and biological activity of α‐fluorinated β‐amino acids and derivatives. General methods are described for the preparation of monosubstituted α‐fluoro‐β‐amino acids (Scheme 1). Nucleophilic methods for the introduction of fluorine predominantly involve the reaction of DAST with alcohols derived from α‐amino acids, whereas electrophilic sources of fluorine such as NFSI have been used in conjunction with ArndtEistert homologation, conjugate addition or organocatalyzed Mannich reactions. α,α‐Difluoro‐β‐amino acids have also been prepared using DAST; however, this area of synthesis is largely dominated by the use of difluorinated Reformatsky reagents to introduce the difluoro ester functionality (Scheme 9). α‐Fluoro‐β‐amino acids and derivatives analyzed by X‐ray crystal and NMR solution techniques are found to adopt preferred conformations which are thought to result from stereoelectronic effects associated with F located close to amines, amides, and esters (Figs. 2–6). α‐Fluoro amide and β‐fluoro ethylamide/amine effects can influence the secondary structure of α‐fluoro‐β‐amino acid‐containing derivatives including peptides and peptidomimetics (Figs. 7–9). α‐Fluoro‐β‐amino acids are also components of a diverse range of bioactive anticancer (e.g., 5‐fluorouracil), antifungal, and antiinsomnia agents as well as protease inhibitors where such fluorinated analogs have shown increased potency and spectrum of activity.
Identification of the Biosynthetic Gene Cluster and Regulatory Cascade for the Synergistic Antibacterial Antibiotics Griseoviridin and Viridogrisein in Streptomyces griseoviridis
Authors: Xie Yunchang , Wang Bo , Liu Jing , Zhou Junchao , Ma Junying , Huang Hongbo , Ju Jianhua 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGriseoviridin (GV) and viridogrisein (VG, also referred to as etamycin), produced by Streptomyces griseoviridis, are two chemically unrelated compounds belonging to the streptogramin family. Both of these natural products demonstrate broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity and constitute excellent candidates for future drug development. To elucidate the biosynthetic machinery associated with production of these two unique antibiotics, the gene cluster responsible for both GV and VG production was identified within the Streptomyces griseoviridis genome and characterized, and its function in GV and VG biosynthesis was confirmed by inactivation of 30 genes and complementation experiments. This sgv gene cluster is localized to a 105 kb DNA region that consists of 36 open reading frames (ORFs), including four nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) for VG biosynthesis and a set of hybrid polyketide synthases (PKS)‐NRPSs with a discrete acyltransferase (AT), SgvQ, to assemble the GV backbone. The enzyme encoding genes for VG versus GV biosynthesis are separated into distinct “halves” of the cluster. A series of four genes: sgvA, sgvB, sgvC, and sgvK, were found downstream of the PKS‐NRPS; these likely code for construction of a γ‐butyrolactone (GBL)‐like molecule. GBLs and the corresponding GBL receptor systems are the highest ranked regulators that are able to coordinate the two streptomyces antibiotic regulatory protein (SARP) family positive regulators SgvR2 and SgvR3; both are key biosynthetic activators. Models of GV, VG, and GBL biosynthesis were proposed by using functional gene assignments, determined on the basis of bioinformatics analysis and further supported by in vivo gene inactivation experiments. Overall, this work provides new insights into the biosyntheses of the GV and VG streptogramins that are potentially applicable to a host of combinatorial biosynthetic scenarios.
ChemInform Abstract: New Hypodiphosphates of the Alkali Metals: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectra of the Hypodiphosphates(IV) M2 [(H2P2O6) (H4P2O6)] (M: Rb and Cs).
Authors: Wu Peng , Wiegand Thomas , Eckert Hellmut , Gjikaj Mimoza 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe new title compounds are prepared by reactions of H4P2O6 and M2CO3 (M: Rb, Cs) in aqueous solution at 35 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Structures of Two Open‐Framework Zinc Phosphites with Extra‐Large 24‐Ring Channels.
Authors: Wang Pei , Wang Guo‐Ming , Li Jin‐Hua , Wang Zong‐Hua , Wang Ying‐Xia , Lin Jian‐Hua 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe new three‐dimensional open‐framework compounds (II) are solvothermally synthesized and characterized by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Mediated Organocatalytic Transfer of Tin onto Aldehydes: An Easy Access to syn‐Diols and Mechanistic Studies.
Authors: Blanc Romain , Nava Paola , Rajzman Michel , Commeiras Laurent , Parrain Jean‐Luc 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn update of a preliminary communication is presented concerning the 1,4‐addition of Bu3SnTms onto α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes to give γ‐silyloxyallylstannanes such as (XIV) with excellent diastereo‐ and chemoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Traceless Directing Group for Stereospecific Nickel‐Catalyzed Alkyl—Alkyl Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Greene Margaret A. , Yonova Ivelina M. , Williams Florence J. , Jarvo Elizabeth R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEnantioenriched benzylic 2‐methoxyethyl ethers react with methylmagnesium iodide to give enantioenriched 1,1‐diarylethanes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Negatively Charged γ‐Keggin Germanodecatungstate Efficient for Knoevenagel Condensation.
Authors: Sugahara Kosei , Kimura Toshihiro , Kamata Keigo , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized and applied as homogeneous catalyst for the Knoevenagel reaction of active methylene compounds (II) with carbonyl compounds, e.g. (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Julia—Kocienski Reaction‐Based 1,3‐Diene Synthesis: Aldehyde‐Dependent (E,E/E,Z)‐Selectivity.
Authors: Billard Francois , Robiette Raphael , Pospisil Jiri 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSequential treatment of benzylic and allylic sulfones with KN(Tms)2 and α‐unsubstituted aldehydes allows an efficient access to styrenes and 1,3‐dienes with high (Z)‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly π Electron‐Rich Macro‐Aromatics: Bis(p‐aminophenyl)‐carbo‐benzenes and Their DBA Acyclic References.
Authors: Rives Arnaud , Baglai Iaroslav , Malytskyi Volodymyr , Maraval Valerie , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Voitenko Zoia , Chauvin Remi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe spectroscopic (in CHCl3) and electrochemical properties (in CH2Cl2) of the series of stable quadrupolar title compounds (I) are investigated and compared to the acyclic reference series (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Ru(II)‐Pheox Catalyzed N—H Insertion Reaction of Diazoacetamides: Synthesis of N‐Substituted α‐Aminoamides.
Authors: Chanthamath Soda , Thongjareun Songkharm , Shibatomi Kazutaka , Iwasa Seiji 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe highly functionalized synthons are readily available under optimized conditions A), which have to be slightly modified in some cases.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Alkenyl Sulfides Through the Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Vinyl Halides with Thiols.
Authors: Lin Yun‐Yung , Wang Yu‐Jen , Lin Che‐Hung , Cheng Jun‐Hao , Lee Chin‐Fa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe combination FeCl3/Xantphos efficiently promotes the coupling with vinyl iodides and bromides as well as the vinyl chloride (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: NBS‐Promoted Sulfenylation of Sulfinates with Disulfides Leading to Unsymmetrical or Symmetrical Thiosulfonates.
Authors: Liang Gaigai , Liu Miaochang , Chen Jiuxi , Ding Jinchang , Gao Wenxia , Wu Huayue 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe presented protocol avoids the formation of R‐S waste and exhibits broad functional‐group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Alkyleneoxetanes Through [2 + 2] Annulation of Allenoates with Trifluoromethyl Ketones.
Authors: Zhao Qian‐Yi , Huang Long , Wei Yin , Shi Min 
Published: November 2012

Abstract(E)‐Alkenyloxetanes are obtained with good to high enantioselectivities by use of β‐isocupreidine ICP as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Construction of 3‐Methyl Tetramic Acids Enabling a Formal Synthesis of Palau′imide.
Authors: Bai Wen‐Ju , Jackson Stephen K. , Pettus Thomas R. R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractReaction of amino acid derivatives with SmI2/ HMPA provides a general approach to optically active title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(II)‐Promoted Transformations of α‐Thienylcarbinols into Spirothienooxindoles: Regioselective Halogenation of Dienyl Sulfethers Containing Electron‐Rich Aryl Rings.
Authors: Yin Biaolin , Huang Li , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ji Fanghua , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTreatment of thienylcarbinols of type (I) with CuSO4 allows access to new spirothienooxindoles like (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 3,3′‐Dihydropyrryl‐spirooxindoles via an Organocatalytic Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Wei Wen‐Tao , Chen Chun‐Xia , Lu Rui‐Jiong , Wang Jin‐Jia , Zhang Xue‐Jing , Yan Ming 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe title compounds can be readily converted to valuable 3,3′‐pyrrolidinyl‐spirooxindoles, viz.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 4‐Arylidene‐5‐imidazolinones as Synthetic Analogues of Fluorescent Protein Chromophore.
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Yu , Chen Yun‐Chung , Lin Hao‐Chun , Jhong Yuandong , Chang Chih‐Wei , Tsai Ching‐Hua , Kao Chai‐Lin , Chien Tun‐Cheng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA new dehydrative cyclization method for the synthesis of the title compounds is developed for a broad scope of numerous commercially available starting compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Benzoxazoles with Unactivated Simple Arenes.
Authors: Wu Ge , Zhou Jun , Zhang Min , Hu Peng , Su Weiping 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUsing CuBr2 as an additive, the Pd‐catalyzed intermolecular C—H C—H cross‐coupling between benzoxazoles (I) and unactivated arenes (II), (IV), (VI) and (IX) is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnO—CuO Core—Branch Nanocatalysts for Ultrasound‐Assisted Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Park Ji Chan , Kim A Young , Kim Jae Young , Park Sungkyun , Park Kang Hyun , Song Hyunjoon 
Published: November 2012

AbstractZnO—CuO core—branch hybrid nanoparticles are synthesized and applied as highly active heterogeneous catalyst in the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Reactions of 1‐(2‐Alkoxyaryl)‐3‐akylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐ones with Sodium Sulfide Leading to Thiochromen‐4‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Yang Xiaobo , Li Shangfu , Liu Hongxia , Jiang Yuyang , Fu Hua 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe present new method tolerates a wide range of functional groups such as halogens, ethers, and ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New Pyridine‐2,6‐bis‐heterocycles.
Authors: Ali Korany A. , Elsayed Mohamed A. , Farag Ahmad M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDisubstituted pyridines with functionalized azole and azine moieties are synthesized by reaction of the multifunctional, hitherto unknown pyridine derivative (III) with 1,2‐ or 1,3‐binucleophiles including amino‐substituted heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Oxidation of Isoquinoline N‐Oxides: Selective Alkylation with Dialkyl Sulfoxides and Halogenation with Dihalo Sulfoxides.
Authors: Yao Bo , Song Ren‐Jie , Liu Yan , Xie Ye‐Xiang , Li Jin‐Heng , Wang Meng‐Ke , Tang Ri‐Yuan , Zhang Xing‐Guo , Deng Chen‐Liang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe regioselectivity of the present method is based on the N—O group as the directing moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Arylpyrazoloquinolinone Derivatives.
Authors: Chang En‐Chiuan , Wen Ya‐Lan , Chang Chun‐Hsi , Shen Yun‐Hwei , Wen Shaw‐Bing , Yeh Mou‐Yung , Wong Fung Fuh 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe title efficient synthetic method involves 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition, Suzuki coupling reaction, and intramolecular cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of New 1,2,3‐Triazolopyrimidine Derivatives and Their Glycoside and Acyclic Nucleoside Analogues.
Authors: El‐Sayed Wael A. , Ali Omar M. , Faheem Merfat S. , Zied Ibrahim F. , Abdel‐Rahman Adel A.‐H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMost of the screened compounds show moderate to high antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Build‐Up Procedure for the Synthesis of Variously Substituted Purine Derivatives.
Authors: Dejmek Milan , Kovackova Sona , Zbornikova Eva , Hrebabecky Hubert , Sala Michal , Dracinsky Martin , Nencka Radim 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA convenient and simplified route to the title purine derivatives (III) can be carried out in a single step by using commercially available pyrimidine precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Octahydro‐5H,12H‐4,11‐methano‐1H,7H‐bis[1,2,5]oxadiazolo [3,4‐d:3′,4′‐j][1,7,3,9]dioxadiazacyclododecine.
Authors: Willer Rodney L. , Storey Robson F. , Jarrett William L. , Parrish Damon 
Published: November 2012

AbstractReaction of amino(hydroxymethyl)furazan (II) with formaldehyde unexpectedly provides polycyclic compound (IV) instead of the expected bis(oxadiazolooxazine) (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Withaferin A‐Related Steroids from Withania aristata Exhibit Potent Antiproliferative Activity by Inducing Apoptosis in Human Tumor Cells.
Authors: Llanos Gabriel G. , Araujo Liliana M. , Jimenez Ignacio A. , Moujir Laila M. , Bazzocchi Isabel L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSix new withanolides (I) ‐ (V) along with eleven known ones are isolated from the leaves of the Canarian shrub Withania aristata.