bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations in Symptomatic COVID-19-Positive Patients at Tertiary Health Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Methwani Disha Amar , Deosthale Nitin , Khadakkar Sonali , Dhote Kanchan , Harkare Vivek 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), also referred to as the 2019 novel coronavirus, is caused by a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. This infectious agent spreads through respiratory routes, primarily utilizing aerosols. In our study, we shed light on ear, nose, and throat (ENT) manifestations, which can be considered as prognostic clinical biomarkers to reduce forthcoming complications among such critically ill patients. This makes it feasible for researchers to investigate or fetch early diagnosis in such cases with ease without the use of large, extensive hospital-base setups.
Objective To study the otorhinolaryngological (ENT) manifestations in symptomatic COVID-19 patients.
Methods From January to December 2021, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of ENT of a tertiary care hospital in central India. All eligible symptomatic COVID-19 patients admitted to this institution during the study period were consecutively enrolled. The Institutional Ethics Committee gave its permission for the project.
Results Out of the total of 1,375 patients, 78% of the patients diagnosed with COVID exhibited symptoms related to the ENT, while the remaining 22% did not display any ENT manifestations. Anosmia (71.2%), sore throat (55.62%), headache (44.3%), and loss of taste (66.3%) were among the most common ENT symptoms.
Conclusion The present study highlights ENT manifestations, which play a crucial role in the early diagnosis of COVID-19 patients, ensuring faster treatment and isolation for better containment of the disease. Symptomatic treatment has shown efficacy, but objective tests are needed to prevent overestimation, understand pathogenesis, and enhance treatment.
Comparison of Various Irrigation Techniques for the Removal of Silicone Oil-Based Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medicament from the Apical Third: An SEM Study
Authors: Saji Shalin Ann , Shetty Chitharanjan , Kaur Gurmeen , Bajpe Sunheri , Chandraprabha Chandraprabha , Shroff Rashi , Qaiser Shazeena , Gupta Surabhi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of various irrigants (5.25% sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl] followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA] and 0.2% chitosan nanoparticle [NP]) and different irrigation techniques (conventional and EndoVac) for the removal of Metapex from the apical third of the root canal by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.
Materials and Methods Forty extracted single-rooted human premolars were instrumented using a rotary ProTaper file system up to F3. The canals were dried and Metapex was placed inside the root canal. The access cavity was sealed with a cotton pellet and Cavit followed by the storage of specimens at 37°C at 100% humidity for 1 week. Cavit was removed and the samples were divided into: Group 1 (conventional irrigation using 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, n = 10), Group 2 (conventional irrigation using 0.2% chitosan NP, n = 10), Group 3 (EndoVac using 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, n = 10), and Group 4 (EndoVac using 0.2% chitosan NP, n = 10). After irrigant activation, the roots were divided in half, and the apical third of one-half of each tooth was subjected to SEM analysis. A five-graded scoring scale was used to evaluate dentinal wall cleanliness. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.
Results There were statistically significant differences in mean canal cleanliness scores observed between the four groups. Chitosan NPs showed lower mean canal cleanliness scores at the apical one-third of the root canal indicating better cleanliness when compared with the other irrigants and techniques.
Conclusion None of the irrigation techniques was successful in entirely removing the calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament from the apical third.
The Prognostic Value of Immunonutritional Indexes in Pineal Region Tumor
Authors: Supbumrung Suchada , Kaewborisutsakul Anukoon , Tunthanathip Thara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Recent studies have identified immunonutritional indexes such as hemoglobin–albumin–lymphocyte–platelet (HALP) score, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in various malignancies. However, there is a lack of studies to indicate whether the immune-nutritional indexes can predict the prognosis of patients with pineal region tumors. The objective was to estimate the prognostication of immune-nutritional indexes in patients with pineal region tumors.
Methods A retrospective cohort investigation involving 51 patients with pineal region tumors was conducted. Therefore, the HALP score, PNI, and NLR were measured for each patient before surgery. The association between the immune-nutritional indexes and prognosis was analyzed using Cox hazard regression.
Results For the total cohort, 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival probabilities were 92% (95% confidence interval [CI] 85–99.8), 92% (95% CI 85–99.8), and 81% (95% CI 70–94.1), respectively. HALP scores were positively associated with survival benefits. At the cutoff threshold of 22.6, the high-HALP group had a significantly longer survival time than the low-HALP group (hazard ratio 0.25, 95% CI 0.06–1.00, p-value 0.05).
Conclusion The preoperative HALP score is an independent prognostic factor for patients diagnosed with pineal region tumors. Furthermore, prospective multicenter studies ought to be performed in the future to externally validate the immunonutritional indexes' prognostication.
Exploring the impact of web-based inquiry on elementary school students’ science identity development in a STEM learning unit
Authors: Huang Lu , Pei Xinning 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOne of the primary objectives of science education is to cultivate students’ science identity, and evidence points to the efficacy of inquiry-based learning in advancing this objective. Nevertheless, recent concerns have emerged regarding the effectiveness of information technology in supporting scientific research and its impact on students’ science identity. This study explores this domain through a comparative experiment conducted with fifth-grade students at a Chinese elementary school. Utilizing the Web-based Inquiry Science Environment (WISE) and the “Solar Oven” STEM learning unit, it scrutinizes the effects of web-based inquiry and traditional inquiry on students’ science identity development. The findings indicate that web-based inquiry is equally effective as traditional inquiry in fostering students’ science identity, especially in the two dimensions of “recognition” and “performance”. Notably, web-based inquiry surpasses traditional inquiry by significantly improving seven out of eleven assessed indicators, while traditional inquiry improves only four indicators. This research provides valuable insights into how integrating information technology within an inquiry-based learning environment can support Chinese elementary school students in developing their science identity. These results have significant implications for science education by demonstrating that web-based inquiry is a valuable approach for fostering science identity among elementary school students.
The portrayal of Pakistan as whited sepulture against the Taliban: a case study of American media
Authors: Khurshid Ayisha 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe changing narratives and portrayal of Taliban in the US media has been a subject of much deliberation among the media connoisseurs ranging from their heroic portrayal during the Afghan-Soviet war to desperados in the post 9/11 world landscape. For this particular reason, the present study is an effort to locate how the proxy actor (Pakistan) has been linked to the Taliban by the US media in the post 9/11 world. This research takes Time magazine as a case study and articles related to Pakistan are selected encompassing the decade following 9/11. The corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis has been applied using Graph Coll and Wordsmith. The analysis has been done on three levels: (i) the time-specific pattern of the node linked with the Pakistani context, (ii) the most significant and strong collocates of the node, and (iii) the semantic categorization of the collocates. The analysis reveals that Pakistan has been linked with Taliban groups throughout the decade in some years more frequently than others. The second level of analysis reveals that the Taliban groups are statistically significantly and strongly connected with Pakistan. The third level of analysis reveals many aspects such as ambiguity pertaining to Taliban and associated groups, their ties with Pakistan, and Pakistan playing a dodging game with Taliban groups as well as the US government. Such media portrayal of Pakistan as being a white sepulture reveals a political world where binaries (Us vs. Them) in the case of Pakistan do not exist.
A descriptive study of conditional constructions in Odia
Authors: Sahoo Kalyanamalini , Kumar Lenka Sanjaya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the types of conditional constructions found in the Indo-Aryan language Odia and studies
the morpho-syntactic structure and linear function of it. In Odia, Conditional constructions consist of a main clause (adoposis),
and a subordinate clause (protasis). It is usually protasis, which functions as antecedent, and adoposis functions as consequent,
forming a single sentence, in which consequent is referentially linked to its antecedent by anaphoric relation. Odia Conditional
clause is marked in one of the various morpho-syntactic ways: lexically by 4 conjunctive morphemes like, jad̪i
‘if’/ ‘whether’, manekara ‘supposing’, natʃet̪ ‘otherwise’, kāɭe ‘in case’ or
grammatically by a bound morpheme ‑ile added with the verbal form as suffix, in the protasis, or by a
je…se correlative phrase ‘as long as’. This paper tries to formalize such relation of conditional clauses and
finds that a single conditional operator can map with different conditional scopes for denoting different types of conditional
meanings.
Modern Uyghur evidentials in interrogative sentences
Authors: Yakup Abdurishid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Modern Uyghur has five terms for evidentiality in declarative sentences: direct, inferred-perceptive, inferential-assumptive, reportative, and quotative. The direct evidential is primarily expressed through markers of viewpoint aspect, while the remaining four terms are expressed through evidential markers and a combination of evidential markers with evidential strategies. Although most evidentials occur in interrogative sentences, not all of them do. In contrast to declarative sentences, certain evidentials are not utilized to convey evidentiality in interrogative sentences. Some of these evidentials are not present in questions when they are employed to describe the speaker’s actions, emotions, and physical condition.
In interrogative sentences in Modern Uyghur, the source of information can be either the addressee or someone else. The speaker may provide information obtained through personal observation or from a third party, seeking the addressee’s expertise. Some evidential markers serve only to confirm information, and some questions may simply be a polite repetition of the addressee’s information.
Corpus-based variationist linguistics
Authors: Ünsal Şakiroğlu Hülya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to identify what archaic words/word groups were still known and used both among language speakers
and Turkish National Corpus (TNC) as an indication of lexical change in Turkish from 1900 to 2020. The present study explores the diachronic
variation of lexical change in Turkish by combining the corpus-based variationist sociolinguistic approach with the perspective of
historical sociolinguistics. The words/collocations thought to be outdated from the original version of “Eylül” novel, written in
1900, were selected and randomly subsampled using a computer-based randomization algorithm. A survey was formed using the outdated
words/collocations along with the context. The results indicated that demographical variables did not affect word knowledge and
that the archaic words were unfamiliar to all participants uniformly. The overall comparison of words/collocations tested in TNC
and survey indicated similar results as the most and the least frequently used words were also the most and least abundantly
present in TNC.
Second language acquisition of morphosyntactic and discourse functions of case markers in Korean
Authors: Kim Hyunwoo , Park Sun Hee 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the extent to which second language (L2) learners experience difficulties when integrating
multiple sources of information at internal and external interfaces, and how their first language (L1) influences this integration
process. Two groups of L2 Korean learners, including Chinese and Japanese speakers, as well as native Korean speakers, completed a
sentence-completion task and an acceptability judgment task. In the sentence-completion task, both native speakers and
Japanese-speaking learners showed sensitivity to the function of case marking in distinct syntactic structures (morphology –
syntax interface or internal interface), but not Chinese-speaking learners. In the acceptability judgment task, only the native
speakers exhibited sensitivity to the discourse functions of case marking based on information structure (morphology – discourse
interface or external interface), whereas the L2 learners did not appear to be influenced by the case-marking condition. These
findings suggest that L2 integration of multiple information sources may be influenced by specific types of interfaces and L1
background.
Newtonian limit of Einstein equation with a cosmological constant*
Authors: Li 李 Li-Fang 丽仿 , Cao 曹 Zhoujian 周键 , He 何 Xiaokai 孝凯 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Traditionally, the cosmological constant has been viewed as dark energy that mimics matter with negative energy. Given that matter with negative energy provides a repulsive force, which fundamentally differs from typical gravitational forces, it has been believed that the cosmological constant effectively contributes a repulsive force. However, it is important to note that the concept of gravitational force is valid only within the framework of Newtonian dynamics. In this study, we demonstrate that the traditional understanding of the gravitational force contributed by the cosmological constant is not entirely correct. Our approach involves investigating the Newtonian limit of the Einstein equation with a cosmological constant. The subtleties involved in this analysis are discussed in detail. Interestingly, we find that the effect of the cosmological constant on Newtonian gravity is an attractive force rather than a repulsive one for ordinary matter. As expected, this corrective force is negligibly small. However, our findings may offer a way to distinguish between dark energy and the cosmological constant, as one contributes a repulsive force while the other contributes an attractive force.
Association of retinal age gap with chronic kidney disease and subsequent cardiovascular disease sequelae: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study from the UK Biobank
Authors: Wu Guanrong , Zhang Xiayin , Borchert Grace A , Zheng Chunwen , Liang Yingying , Wang Yaxin , Du Zijing , Huang Yu , Shang Xianwen , Yang Xiaohong , Hu Yijun , Yu Honghua , Zhu Zhuoting 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is more prevalent in older adults. Retinal age gap, a biomarker of aging based on fundus images, has been previously developed and validated. This study aimed to investigate the association of retinal age gap with CKD and subsequent CVD complications.

Methods
A deep learning model was trained to predict the retinal age using 19 200 fundus images of 11 052 participants without any medical history at baseline. Retinal age gap, calculated as retinal age predicted minus chronological age, was calculated for the remaining 35 906 participants. Logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for the association analysis.

Results
A total of 35 906 participants (56.75 ± 8.04 years, 55.68% female) were included in this study. In the cross-sectional analysis, each 1-year increase in retinal age gap was associated with a 2% increase in the risk of CKD prevalence [odds ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.04, P = .012]. A longitudinal analysis of 35 039 participants demonstrated that 2.87% of them developed CKD in follow-up, and each 1-year increase in retinal age gap was associated with a 3% increase in the risk of CKD incidence (hazard ratio 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, P = .004). In addition, a total of 111 CKD patients (15.81%) developed CVD in follow-up, and each 1-year increase in retinal age gap was associated with a 10% increase in the risk of incident CVD (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% CI 1.03–1.17, P = .005).

Conclusions
We found that retinal age gap was independently associated with the prevalence and incidence of CKD, and also associated with CVD complications in CKD patients. This supports the use of this novel biomarker in identifying individuals at high risk of CKD and CKD patients with increased risk of CVD.
A Mixed-Methods Study to Evaluate Family Planning Desires and Barriers to Building Families Among Gay, Bisexual, and Lesbian Cisgender Military Service Members
Authors: Boedeker David , Hunkler Kiley , Lindner Peter , Phillips Keeley , Hill Micah , Plowden Torie , Cole Rebekah 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Barriers to seeking infertility care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, and asexual (LGBTIQA+) individuals are well documented in the literature. However, little is known about military LGBTIQA+ service members seeking infertility care within the Military Health System. Approximately 6.1% of active duty U.S. service members across all branches identify as LGBTIQA+, which underscores the need for a deeper understanding of the needs of this community to support and retain service members. We therefore sought to describe the lived experiences of lesbian and gay cisgender service members in building their families in order to understand their family-building desires and potential barriers to seeking infertility care.

Materials and Methods
We developed a survey to investigate the impact of military service on family planning. After Institutional Review Board approval, we distributed the survey throughout Walter Reed National Military Medical Center’s obstetrics and gynecology clinic and posted the survey on multiple open and closed social media pages for LGBTIQA+ service members. We reported descriptive statistics of our survey and compared binary variables using the Fisher exact test. Following completion of this survey, participants could self-select to participate in semi-structured interviews.

Results
Sixty-eight respondents completed our survey and self-identified as either cis-male (n = 28) or cis-female (n = 40). Most respondents (67.9% cis-males, 92.5% cis-females) plan to build their families during their military commitment; however, approximately half (50.0% cis-male, 42.5% cis-female) reported a lack of support in this endeavor. Many respondents were unaware of resources that would assist in the pursuit of donor egg, donor sperm, or surrogacy (78.6% cis-males, 50.0% cis-females). Thirty-six participants elected to complete a follow-up interview. After coding the interviews, 5 themes emerged: (1) barriers to initiating care; (2) institutional barriers within the military; (3) political barriers; (4) knowledge sharing; and (5) implicit and explicit bias.

Conclusions
Our results suggest significant barriers to LGBTIQA+ service members seeking infertility care. Overall, LGBTIQA+ service members did not feel supported by the military in building their families. Although the military has expanded access to infertility services, efforts to raise awareness and build support for LGBTIQA+ service members are warranted.
Epigenetic and transcriptional consequences in the endosperm of chemically induced transposon mobilization in Arabidopsis
Authors: Del Toro-De León Gerardo , van Boven Joram , Santos-González Juan , Jiao Wen-Biao , Peng Haoran , Schneeberger Korbinian , Köhler Claudia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Genomic imprinting, an epigenetic phenomenon leading to parent-of-origin-specific gene expression, has independently evolved in the endosperm of flowering plants and the placenta of mammals—tissues crucial for nurturing embryos. While transposable elements (TEs) frequently colocalize with imprinted genes and are implicated in imprinting establishment, direct investigations of the impact of de novo TE transposition on genomic imprinting remain scarce. In this study, we explored the effects of chemically induced transposition of the Copia element ONSEN on genomic imprinting in Arabidopsis thaliana. Through the combination of chemical TE mobilization and doubled haploid induction, we generated a line with 40 new ONSEN copies. Our findings reveal a preferential targeting of maternally expressed genes (MEGs) for transposition, aligning with the colocalization of H2A.Z and H3K27me3 in MEGs—both previously identified as promoters of ONSEN insertions. Additionally, we demonstrate that chemically-induced DNA hypomethylation induces global transcriptional deregulation in the endosperm, leading to the breakdown of MEG imprinting. This study provides insights into the consequences of chemically induced TE remobilization in the endosperm, revealing that chemically-induced epigenome changes can have long-term consequences on imprinted gene expression.
DNA sequence and chromatin differentiate sequence-specific transcription factor binding in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Bonnell Victoria A , Zhang Yuning , Brown Alan S , Horton John , Josling Gabrielle A , Chiu Tsu-Pei , Rohs Remo , Mahony Shaun , Gordân Raluca , Llinás Manuel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Development of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, is regulated by a limited number of sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs). However, the mechanisms by which these TFs recognize genome-wide binding sites is largely unknown. To address TF specificity, we investigated the binding of two TF subsets that either bind CACACA or GTGCAC DNA sequence motifs and further characterized two additional ApiAP2 TFs, PfAP2-G and PfAP2-EXP, which bind unique DNA motifs (GTAC and TGCATGCA). We also interrogated the impact of DNA sequence and chromatin context on P. falciparum TF binding by integrating high-throughput in vitro and in vivo binding assays, DNA shape predictions, epigenetic post-translational modifications, and chromatin accessibility. We found that DNA sequence context minimally impacts binding site selection for paralogous CACACA-binding TFs, while chromatin accessibility, epigenetic patterns, co-factor recruitment, and dimerization correlate with differential binding. In contrast, GTGCAC-binding TFs prefer different DNA sequence context in addition to chromatin dynamics. Finally, we determined that TFs that preferentially bind divergent DNA motifs may bind overlapping genomic regions due to low-affinity binding to other sequence motifs. Our results demonstrate that TF binding site selection relies on a combination of DNA sequence and chromatin features, thereby contributing to the complexity of P. falciparum gene regulatory mechanisms.