bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
North Sea palaeogeographical reconstructions for the last 1 Ma
Authors: Cohen K.M. , Gibbard P.L. , Weerts H.J.T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe landscape evolution of the southern North Sea basin is complex and has left a geographically varying record of marine, lacustrine, fluvial and glacial sedimentation and erosion. Quaternary climatic history, which importantly included glaciation, combined with tectonics gave rise to cyclic and non-cyclic changes of sedimentation and erosion patterns. Large-scale landscape reorganisations left strong imprints in the preserved record, and are important for the detail that palaeogeographical reconstructions for the North Sea area can achieve. In the spirit of the North Sea Prehistory Research and Management Framework (NSPRMF; Peeters et al., 2009), this paper provides background geological information regarding the North Sea. It summarises current stratigraphical and chronological frameworks and provides an overview of sedimentary environments. As we go back in time, the understanding of Quaternary palaeo-environmental evolution in the North Sea basin during the last 1 million years becomes decreasingly accurate, with degree of preservation and accuracy of age control equally important controls. Comparing palaeogeographical reconstructions for the Middle Pleistocene, the last interglacial-glacial cycle and the period following the Last Glacial Maximum illustrates this. More importantly, a series of palaeogeographical maps provide an account of basin-scale landscape change, which provides an overall framework for comparing landscape situations through time.
Reconstructing North Sea palaeolandscapes from 3D and high-density 2D seismic data: An overview
Authors: van Heteren S. , Meekes J.A.C. , Bakker M.A.J. , Gaffney V. , Fitch S. , Gearey B.R. , Paap B.F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe North Sea subsurface shows the marks of long-term tectonic subsidence. Much of it contains a thick record of glacial and interglacial deposits and landscapes, formed during multiple glacial cycles and the associated regressions and transgressions during the past two million years. At times of lower sea level than today, areas that are presently submerged were fertile lowlands more favourable for hunting and gathering than the surrounding upland. These drowned lowlands are not captured by traditional 1:250,000 geological maps of the North Sea subsurface because the underlying seismic and core data are commonly too widely spaced to achieve this. Palaeolandscape mapping requires identification of building blocks with spatial scales in the order of 1 km or less. As high-density 2D and high-quality 3D seismics are becoming available for an increasing part of the North Sea, glacial and interglacial palaeolandscapes can be reconstructed for more and more areas. An overview of published palaeolandscape reconstructions shows that shallow time slices through 3D data provide map views that are very suitable for the identification of landscape elements. For optimal results, each time slice needs to be validated and ground-truthed with 2D seismics and with descriptions and analyses of cores and borehole samples. Interpretations should be made by teams of geoscientists with a sufficiently broad range of expertise to recognise and classify even subtle or unfamiliar patterns and features. The resulting reconstructions will provide a context and an environmental setting for Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic societies and finds.
U–Pb geochronology of the syn-orogenic Knaben molybdenum deposits, Sveconorwegian Orogen, Norway
Authors: BINGEN BERNARD , CORFU FERNANDO , STEIN HOLLY J. , WHITEHOUSE MARTIN J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPaired isotope dilution – thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon U–Pb data elucidate geochronological relations in the historically important Knaben molybdenum mining district, Sveconorwegian Orogen, south Norway. This polyphase district providedc. 8.5 Mt of ore with a grade of 0.2%. It consists of mineralized quartz veins, silica-rich gneiss, pegmatites and aplites associated with a heterogeneous, locally sulphide-bearing, amphibolites facies gneiss called Knaben Gneiss, and hosted in a regional-scale monotonous, commonly weakly foliated, granitic gneiss. An augen gneiss at the Knaben I deposit yields a 1257±6 Ma magmatic zircon age, dating the pre-Sveconorwegian protolith of the Knaben Gneiss. Mineralized and non-mineralized granitic gneiss samples at the Knaben II and Kvina deposits contain some 1488–1164 Ma inherited zircon and yield consistent intrusion ages of 1032±4, 1034±6 and 1036±6 Ma. This age links magmatism in the district to the regional 1050–1020 Ma Sirdal I-type granite suite, corresponding to voluminous crustal melting during the Sveconorwegian orogeny. A high-U, low-Th/U zircon rim is present in all samples. It defines several age clusters between 1039±6 and 1009±7 Ma, peaking atc. 1016 Ma and overlapping with a monazite age of 1013±5 Ma. The rim records protracted hydrothermal activity, which started during the main magmatic event and outlasted it. This process was coeval with regional high-grade Sveconorwegian metamorphism. Molybdenum deposition probably started during this event when silica-rich mineralizing fluids or hydrous magmas were released from granite magma batches. An analogy between the Knaben district and shallow, short-lived porphyry Mo deposits is inappropriate.
The authenticity continuum: Towards a definition incorporating international voices
Authors: Pinner Richard 
Published: November 2014

The choice of what materials to use in the language classroom is perhaps one of the most fundamentally important and difficult decisions teachers and those responsible for choosing textbooks are faced with. Authenticity is often seen as a desirable component in the content we select and adapt for our language learners, and it has been shown that authentic materials are more motivating, even for low-level learners (Peacock, 1997). The term authentic is often used to describe materials which were not originally designed for the purpose of language learning, but that were designed to have some purpose within the target language culture, such as a newspaper or novel. An unfortunate consequence of this is that authenticity is still often defined in reference to the target language's ‘native speakers’ or L1 community, particularly in EFL contexts, or what Kachru (1985) would label the Outer Circle communities. In other words, where English is taught as a foreign language, both teachers and students often regard ‘native-speakers’ as being the ideal model and therefore an example of authenticity. For example, Tan (2005) criticises corpora investigations of learner English for holding the view that authentic language use is equivalent to ‘native-speaker’ usages. She goes on to criticise not only corpus research but also textbook publishers for still not taking into account ‘the inextricable link between language and culture’ (2005: 127). In the academic world, culturally embedded notions of authenticity relating to ‘native-speakers’ have been challenged for decades (Smith, 1976). And yet I would argue that in mainstream textbooks and in most EFL language classrooms the native speaker still retains a ‘privileged position’ (Clark & Paran, 2007: 407). As Widdowson (1996: 68) puts it:Authenticity concerns the reality of native-speaker language use: in our case, the communication in English which is realized by an English-speaking community. But the language which is real for native speakers is not likely to be real for learners […] They belong to another community and do not have the necessary knowledge of the contextual conditions which would enable them to authenticate English in native-speaker terms. Their reality is quite different.
Shopping for entertainment: malls and multiplexes in Sydney, Australia
Authors: BAILEY MATTHEW 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis article examines multiplex cinema development and its close association with shopping centre expansion programmes in Australia. The article argues that while multiplex cinema construction in Australia echoed international developments, it also resulted from coalescing interests between local retail developers and film exhibitors, was guided by planning legislation and shaped by escalating institutional investment in the retail industry. Data mapping the emergence, growth and consolidation of multiplexes in Sydney, Australia's largest city, is used to illustrate this development, contributing to urban histories of the city and understandings of the ways in which its contours have been reshaped by consumer capitalism.
Results of the BRD CAP project: progress toward identifying genetic markers associated with BRD susceptibility
Authors: Van Eenennaam Alison , Neibergs Holly , Seabury Christopher , Taylor Jeremy , Wang Zeping , Scraggs Erik , Schnabel Robert D. , Decker Jared , Wojtowicz Andrzej , Aly Sharif , Davis Jessica , Blanchard Patricia , Crossley Beate , Rossitto Paul , Lehenbauer Terry , Hagevoort Robert , Chavez Erik , Neibergs J. Shannon , Womack James E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Bovine Respiratory Disease Coordinated Agricultural Project (BRD CAP) is a 5-year project funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), with an overriding objective to use the tools of modern genomics to identify cattle that are less susceptible to BRD. To do this, two large genome wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted using a case:control design on preweaned Holstein dairy heifers and beef feedlot cattle. A health scoring system was used to identify BRD cases and controls. Heritability estimates for BRD susceptibility ranged from 19 to 21% in dairy calves to 29.2% in beef cattle when using numerical scores as a semi-quantitative definition of BRD. A GWAS analysis conducted on the dairy calf data showed that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects explained 20% of the variation in BRD incidence and 17–20% of the variation in clinical signs. These results represent a preliminary analysis of ongoing work to identify loci associated with BRD. Future work includes validation of the chromosomal regions and SNPs that have been identified as important for BRD susceptibility, fine mapping of chromosomes to identify causal SNPs, and integration of predictive markers for BRD susceptibility into genetic tests and national cattle genetic evaluations.
The Faith of the Canaanite Woman (Mt. 15.21-28): Narrative, Theology, Ministry
Authors: Lee Dorothy A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMatthew's story of the Canaanite woman is an unusual and disturbing story in the Gospel tradition. Alongside other Gentile stories in Matthew's very Jewish Gospel, it signifies the opening of the doors on the Gentiles and their inclusion in the community of faith. The woman's language and the silence of Jesus speak powerfully to the contemporary context within Anglicanism. The liturgical language she employs teaches us how to speak in worship, while Jesus’ silence addresses our own experience of suffering and the seeming deafness of God. In the end, the narrative, for all its exegetical difficulties, is a powerful story of communion and the ultimately gracious response of God. As Anglicans we need to recover the depths of our own speech, grounded in Scripture and the Book of Common Prayer, as expressions of the grace of an inclusive God who teaches us how to speak and how to wait in faith.
A Stable Binary BeB2 phase
Authors: Fan Changzeng , Jin Ye , Li Jian , Dong Xu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPotential crystal structures of BeB2 were explored using ab initio evolutionary simulations. A new phase with a Cmcm space group was uncovered. It was determined that the Cmcm phase is mechanically and dynamically stable and has a lower enthalpy, from ambient pressure up to 13 GPa, than any previously proposed phases, as measured using first-principles calculations. The crystal structure, phonon dispersion, phase transitions and mechanical and electronic properties of this phase were investigated. It was determined that the Cmcm phase may transform into the "Equation missing" phase at pressures higher than 13 GPa. The band structures and density of states reveal that the Cmcm phase is metallic. In addition, the Vickers hardness was calculated using three empirical models. To explain the origin of the hardness, charge density difference maps and a Mulliken population analysis were carried out, which demonstrated that there are strong covalent interactions between B atoms. By analyzing the Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (COHP) diagrams, it was determined that the total interaction of the Be-B bonds is stronger than that of the B-B bonds, indicating a very complex bonding feature in the new phase. It was predicted that the new Cmcm phase is nearly absent of superconductivity.
Hidden cycle of dissolved organic carbon in the deep ocean
Authors: Follett Christopher L. , Repeta Daniel J. , Rothman Daniel H. , Xu Li , Santinelli Chiara 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contains as much carbon as Earth’s atmosphere, yet its cycling timescales and composition remain poorly constrained. We use serial oxidation experiments to measure the quantitative distribution of carbon isotopes inside the DOC reservoir, allowing us to estimate both its cycling timescales and source distribution. We find that a large portion of deep water DOC has a modern radiocarbon age and a fast turnover time supported by particle dissolution. In addition, stable carbon isotopes allow for diverse sources of carbon, besides microbial production, to quantitatively feed this reservoir. Our work suggests a DOC cycle that is far more intricate, and potentially variable on shorter timescales, than previously envisioned.
Azilsartan Is Associated With Increased Circulating Angiotensin-(1–7) Levels and Reduced Renovascular 20-HETE Levels
Authors: Carroll Mairéad A. , Kang YounJung , Chander Praveen N. , Stier Charles T. 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND
Activation of angiotensin (ANG) II type 1 receptors (AT1R) promotes vasoconstriction, inflammation, and renal dysfunction. In this study, we addressed the ability of azilsartan (AZL), a new AT1R antagonist, to modulate levels of plasma ANG-(1–7) and renal epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE).

METHODS
Sprague-Dawley rats were infused with ANG II (125ng/min) or vehicle (VEH). AZL (3mg/kg/day) or VEH was administered starting 1 day prior to ANG II or VEH infusion. On day 10, plasma was obtained for measurement of ANG-(1–7) and kidneys for isolation of microvessels for EET and 20-HETE determination and histological evaluation.

RESULTS
Mean 24-hour blood pressure (BP) was not different between VEH and AZL treatment groups, whereas the BP elevation with ANG II infusion (121±5mm Hg) was completely normalized with AZL cotreatment (86±3mm Hg). The ANG II-induced renal damage was attenuated and cardiac hypertrophy prevented with AZL cotreatment. Plasma ANG-(1–7) levels (pg/ml) were increased with AZL treatment (219±22) and AZL + ANG II infusion (264±93) compared to VEH controls (74.62±8). AZL treatment increased the ratio of EETs to their dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET) metabolites and reduced 20-HETE levels.

CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with AZL completely antagonized the elevation of BP induced by ANG II, prevented cardiac hypertrophy, attenuated renal damage, and increased ANG-(1–7) and EET/DHET ratio while diminishing 20-HETE levels. Increased ANG-(1–7) and EETs levels may emerge as novel therapeutic mechanisms contributing to the antihypertensive and antihypertrophic actions of AZL treatment and their relative role compared to AT1R blockade may depend on the etiology of the hypertension.
Corrosion analysis of G105 coating drill-pipe washout
Authors: Lian Zhouyang , Chen Dongsheng , Wei Wuji , Zhou Yongzhang , Jiang Juncheng 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study was to investigate the reason of G105 coated drill-pipes suffering from washout after drilling for 70000–80000 m.

Design/methodology/approach
– The microstructure, micromorphology and corrosion products near the washout were analyzed by metallurgical microscopy, SEM and EDS.

Findings
– Results showed the metallographic microstructure of the material was typical tempered sorbite. No fatigue crack was observed. Drill-pipe washout was caused mainly by the inclusion of MnS in steel because of the excess S and by damaged coating, both of which induced pit nucleation and promoted the pitting corrosion process. The corrosion hole extended from the interior to the exterior, which resulted in the fracturing of the external drill-pipe surface under pressure.

Originality/value
– This paper can give practical help to the selection of drill pipe materials in the future.
Carburization behavior of high velocity oxy fuel sprayed metallic coatings at 900°C
Authors: Quddus Abdul , Ul-Hamid Anwar , Saricimen Huseyin 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the performance of high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) coated SS-310 samples in a carburizing environment.Design/methodology/approach– The carburization behavior of metallic coatings with three different compositions was studied under isothermal carburizing exposure conditions at 900°C for 125 hours. The coatings were deposited on SS 310 substrates using the HVOF technique. The ASTM Standard method was used to evaluate coating adhesion. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and weight gain were used to evaluate the surface morphology, microchemical composition, phase constitution and degree of environmental protection imparted by the coatings.Findings– The experimental results indicate that Ni-rich coating offered better protection to SS 310 alloy compared to Co-rich coatings in carburizing environments. This was thought to be due to the formation of a continuous protective layer of Cr2O3on the Ni-rich coating surface.Originality/value– The study has direct practical relevance to the petrochemical industry, particularly for refinery applications. In refinery service, SS310 is used in header damper plates. The useful service life of such header plates can be extended by the use of high temperature corrosion resistant metallic coatings. The present investigation highlighted the protection offered by Ni-based HVOF coated SS-310 samples in carburizing environment.
The determinants of capital structure in Peru
Authors: Gómez Gerardo , Mena Rivas Ana , Lizarzaburu Bolaños Edmundo R. 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors that influence in the capital structure of non‐financial companies listed in the Stock Exchange of Lima.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve this goal, the authors used the panel data model with random effects. The study of the capital structure has focussed on the Trade‐off Theory which states that firms finance their investments for tax benefits, while the Pecking Order Theory states that companies have an order of priority on obtaining funding.

Findings
The results obtained confirm that profitability, size, collateral value of assets (CVA) and non‐debt tax shields (NDTS) are the factors that determine the level of long‐term debt of these Peruvian companies.

Practical implications
The results obtained confirm that profitability, size, CVA and NDTS are the factors that determine the level of long‐term debt of these Peruvian companies.

Originality/value
This paper is a first contribution on the determinants of the level of indebtedness of the companies in Peru. There is an extensive literature on the determinants of capital structure, but it is the first work done for the business sector in Peru.
Influence of farmers’ behavioral attitudes on hedging decisions
Authors: da Silveira Rodrigo Lanna Franco , Gori Maia Alexandre , Cruz Júnior José César , Macchione Saes Maria Sylvia 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors, including behavior, that impact the knowledge and use of futures contracts among Brazilian coffee producers. The results are based on primary data obtained from a sample of 244 farmers.

Design/methodology/approach
A multinomial logistic regression model is adjusted to analyze the determinants of the producers’ choices.

Findings
The results show that behavioral variables play an important role in the decision to use futures contracts: risk propensity, self‐confidence in management, and the level of market monitoring. Variables such as education and crop size also factor into this decision.

Research limitations/implications
A limitation of this study is that the analysis of farmers’ decisions and behavior was limited to one year. Future research which examines a more comprehensive group of producers over a longer period can reveal in more detail the determining factors for the use of futures contracts as a price risk management tool in the coffee market.

Originality/value
The paper is the first to interview Brazilian coffee producers about their hedging decisions on a large scale. The main contributions this paper makes to the literature are the inclusion of behavioral variables in its analysis that will prove valuable in both future research and in the investment industry.
The duration of financial stress
Authors: Zafra‐Gómez José Luis , López‐Hernández Antonio M. , Plata Díaz Ana María , López Gemma Pérez 
Published: November 2014

PurposeFinancial stress features frequently as an explanatory factor in research into decisions concerning the contracting out, or decentralisation, of local public services, though existing empirical studies are not unanimous in their conclusions. The understanding of how financial crises influence these processes could be enhanced by the use of a dynamic methodology that takes into account the following three aspects: the duration of the financial stress, the effectiveness of the action taken and the time‐lag between the crisis and the response. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis study introduces three important innovations in the methodology employed to study financial stress: the consideration of the duration of a financial stress episode as a key factor in promoting changes in the provision of public services; the effectiveness of the measures taken; and time‐lag, which takes into account the extended time horizon over which the local authority may implement business‐like and organisational changes.FindingsTo date, the techniques used to measure the effects of changes in service delivery methods implemented to alleviate financial stress, have not reflected the true nature of the phenomenon. The results obtained when the new approach proposed in this paper was used to examine Spanish local government responses to financial stress during the period 1999‐2007 confirm that the methodology is well‐judged and effective.Originality/valueThis study reveals that local authorities facing financial stress of two, three or four years’ duration present percentages of decentralisation and contracting‐out that are significantly higher than is the case for local authorities that implement the same processes in response to crises of one year. These findings confirm the need to carry out studies that include the duration of financial crises as a determinant factor in change processes.