bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Hypertension and Other Potentially Fatal Pulmonary Complications in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Kimura Yukiko , Weiss Jennifer E. , Haroldson Kathryn L. , Lee Tzielan , Punaro Marilynn , Oliveira Sheila , Rabinovich Egla , Riebschleger Meredith , Antón Jordi , Blier Peter R. , Gerloni Valeria , Hazen Melissa M. , Kessler Elizabeth , Onel Karen , Passo Murray H. , Rennebohm Robert M. , Wallace Carol A. , Woo Patricia , Wulffraat Nico ,   The Childhood Arthritis Rheumatology Research Alliance Carra Net Investigators
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveSystemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is characterized by fevers, rash, and arthritis, for which interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) and IL‐6 inhibitors appear to be effective treatments. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), interstitial lung disease (ILD), and alveolar proteinosis (AP) have recently been reported with increased frequency in systemic JIA patients. Our aim was to characterize and compare systemic JIA patients with these complications to a larger cohort of systemic JIA patients.MethodsSystemic JIA patients who developed PAH, ILD, and/or AP were identified through an electronic Listserv and their demographic, systemic JIA, and pulmonary disease characteristics as well as their medication exposure information were collected. Patients with these features were compared to a cohort of systemic JIA patients enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) registry.ResultsThe patients (n = 25) were significantly (P < 0.05) more likely than the CARRA registry cohort (n = 389) to be female; have more systemic features; and have been exposed to an IL‐1 inhibitor, tocilizumab, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, cyclosporine, and cyclophosphamide. Twenty patients (80%) were diagnosed with pulmonary disease after 2004. Twenty patients (80%) had macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) during their disease course and 15 patients (60%) had MAS at pulmonary diagnosis. Sixteen patients had PAH, 5 had AP, and 7 had ILD. Seventeen patients (68%) were taking or recently discontinued (<1 month) a biologic agent at pulmonary symptom onset; 12 patients (48%) were taking anti–IL‐1 therapy (primarily anakinra). Seventeen patients (68%) died at a mean of 10.2 months from the diagnosis of pulmonary complications.ConclusionPAH, AP, and ILD are underrecognized complications of systemic JIA that are frequently fatal. These complications may be the result of severe uncontrolled systemic disease activity and may be influenced by medication exposure.
In Vitro Biocompatibility of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Sensory Neurons
Authors: Gladwin Karen M. , Whitby Raymond L. D. , Mikhalovsky Sergey V. , Tomlins Paul , Adu Jimi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) possess unique properties rendering them a potentially useful biomaterial for neurobiological applications such as providing nanoscale contact‐guidance cues for directing axon growth within peripheral nerve repair scaffolds. The in vitro biocompatibility of MWCNTs with postnatal mouse spinal sensory neurons was assessed for this application. Cell culture medium conditioned with MWCNTs was not significantly toxic to dissociated cultures of postnatal mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. However, exposure of DRG neurons to MWCNTs dispersed in culture medium resulted in a time‐ and dose‐dependent reduction in neuronal viability. At 250 μg mL−1, dispersed MWCNTs caused significant neuronal death and unusual neurite morphologies illustrated by immunofluorescent labelling of the cytoskeletal protein beta (III) tubulin, however, at a dose of 5 μg mL−1 MWCNTs were nontoxic over a 14‐day period. DRG neurons grown on fabricated MWCNT substrates produced neurite outgrowths with abnormal morphologies that were significantly inferior in length to neurons grown on the control substrate laminin. This evidence demonstrates that to be utilized as a biomaterial in tissue scaffolds for nerve repair, MWCNTs will require robust surface modification to enhance biocompatibility and growth promoting properties.
Expeditious Synthesis of the Cores of Naturally Occurring Cyclic Polyethers using a Divergent Ring Rearrangement Metathesis Strategy
Authors: Escavabaja Philippe , Viala Jacques , Coquerel Yoann , Rodriguez Jean 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRing rearrangement metathesis (RRM) strategies are proposed for the expeditious synthesis of the cores of naturally occurring cyclic polyethers of the dysiherbaine and acetogenin families, as well as a hybrid compound, from 8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octenes.
Effect of calcination temperature of TiO2 on the crystallinity and the permittivity of PVDF‐TrFE/TiO2 composites
Authors: Kuang Xiwen , Gao Qian , Zhu Hong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractComposite membranes of poly(vinylidene‐trifluoroethylene)/titanium dioxide (PVDF‐TrFE/TiO2) were prepared by the solution cast method. The crystallization behavior and dielectric properties of the composites with TiO2 calcined at different temperatures were studied. Transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the TiO2 nanoparticles calcined at different temperatures were well dispersed in the polymer matrix and did not affect the structure of the PVDF‐TrFE matrix. XRD and differential scanning calorimeter measurements showed that the crystallinity of PVDF‐TrFE/TiO2 composites increased as the addition of TiO2 with different calcination temperatures. The dielectric property testing showed that the permittivity of PVDF‐TrFE/TiO2 membrane increased rapidly with the increase of TiO2 content and the calcination temperature of TiO2 at constant TiO2 content, but the dielectric loss did not change much. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Conservation status and reproduction of the critically endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) in Northern Ireland
Authors: Reid Neil , Keys Alan , Preston Jane S. , Moorkens Evelyn , Roberts Dai , Wilson Conor D. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTFreshwater unionoids are one of the most threatened animal groups worldwide and the freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera is currently listed as critically endangered in Europe. The EC Habitats Directive requires that EU Member States monitor the distribution and abundance of this species and report regularly on its conservation status.The pearl mussel meta‐population in Northern Ireland was surveyed to assess temporal population trends in Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) and mussel reproduction throughout its range.Mussels occurred in six rivers and numbers within three SAC designated sites remained stable between 2004–2007 and 2011. The discovery of more than 8000 previously unknown individuals in the Owenreagh River contributed to an overall increase (+56.8%) in the total known population. All populations actively reproduced during 2010 with approximately half of all individuals gravid. Moreover, suitable salmonid hosts occurred at all sites with 10.7% of salmon and 22.8% of trout carrying encysted glochidia. Populations were composed entirely of aged individuals with little evidence of recent recruitment.It is inferred that the break in the life cycle must occur during the juvenile stage when glochidia metamorphose and settle into the interstitial spaces within the substrate. Water quality parameters, most notably levels of suspended solids, exceeded the recommended maximum thresholds in all rivers.It is posited that the deposition of silt may be the main cause of juvenile mortality contributing to a lack of recruitment. Consequently, all populations were judged to be in ‘unfavourable’ conservation status. Catchment‐level management plans are urgently needed to reduce siltation with the aim of improving recruitment. These results have implications for the success of ex situ conservation programmes; specifically, the size at which captive‐bred juveniles are released into the wild. Further research is required to assess the vulnerabilities of early life‐stages of M. margaritifera to siltation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in osteoarthritis is associated with down‐regulation of superoxide dismutase 2
Authors: Gavriilidis Christos , Miwa Satomi , von Zglinicki Thomas , Taylor Robert W. , Young David A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveSuperoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is down‐ regulated in osteoarthritis (OA). This study was undertaken to investigate the functional effects of this down‐regulation in the context of oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction.MethodsLipid peroxidation in articular cartilage from OA patients and from lesion‐free control subjects with femoral neck fracture was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde levels using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. Long‐range polymerase chain reaction amplification and a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) strand break assay were used to investigate the presence of somatic large‐scale mtDNA rearrangements in cartilage. Microscale oxygraphy was used to explore possible changes in mitochondrial respiratory activity between OA and control chondrocytes. RNA interference was used to determine the effects of SOD2 depletion on lipid peroxidation, mtDNA damage, and mitochondrial respiration.ResultsOA cartilage had higher levels of lipid peroxidation compared to control cartilage, and lipid peroxidation was similarly elevated in SOD2‐depleted chondrocytes. SOD2 depletion led to a significant increase in mtDNA strand breaks in chondrocytes, but there was no notable difference in the level of strand breaks between OA and control chondrocytes. Furthermore, only very low levels of somatic, large‐scale mtDNA rearrangements were identified in OA cartilage. OA chondrocytes showed less spare respiratory capacity (SRC) and higher proton leak compared to control chondrocytes. SOD2‐depleted chondrocytes also showed less SRC and higher proton leak.ConclusionThis is the first study to analyze the effects of SOD2 depletion in human articular chondrocytes in terms of changes to oxidation and mitochondrial function. The findings indicate that SOD2 depletion in chondrocytes leads to oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that SOD2 down‐regulation is a potential contributor to the pathogenesis of OA.
Self‐Assembly of Aniline Oligomers
Authors: Zhao Yanchai , Tomšík Elena , Wang Jixiao , Morávková Zuzana , Zhigunov Alexander , Stejskal Jaroslav , Trchová Miroslava 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA great number of nano/microscaled morphologies have recently been prepared during the oxidation of aniline. At the early stage of oxidation, aniline oligomers are obtained, often in spectacular morphologies depending on reaction conditions. Herein, the flower‐like hierarchical architectures assembled from aniline oligomers by a template‐free method are reported. Their formation process is ascribed to the self‐assembly of oligoanilines through non‐covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic forces, and π–π stacking. The model of directional growth is offered to explain the formation of petal‐like objects and, subsequently, flowers. In order to investigate the chemical structure of the oligomers, a series of characterizations have been carried out, such as matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization, time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and UV/Vis, Fourier‐transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopies. Based on the results of characterization methods, a formation mechanism for aniline oligomers and their self‐assembly is proposed.
Magnetic Polystyrene Nanosphere Immobilized TEMPO: A Readily Prepared, Highly Reactive and Recyclable Polymer Catalyst in the Selective Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Wang Jianli , Zhang Miao , Xu Lixin , Ji Jianbing 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) radical immobilized on the magnetic polystyrene nanospheres (MPNs) was used as a recyclable catalyst in the oxidation of various alcohols. The new and simply prepared heterogeneous TEMPO/MPNs exhibits both similar versatility and efficiency to homogeneous TEMPO under basic Montanari conditions. The excellent stability of the MPNs enables the TEMPO/MPNs to be recycled more than 20 times without significant leaching of immobilized TEMPO radicals or degradation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Moreover, the magnetic response ensures the rapid separation and quantitative recycling of TEMPO/MPNs by simple magnetic decantation.
Substrate Recognition and Regioselective Catalysis with Complexes Bearing NR,NH‐NHC Ligands
Authors: Hahn F. Ekkehardt 
Published: November 2012

AbstractComplexes bearing “protic” N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands (NR,NH‐NHCs) have been shown to use the NH group of the NHC ligand for the formation of hydrogen bonds to selected substrates. This type of hydrogen bond can be used for substrate recognition, selection, and orientation. In contrast to related systems, the hydrogen bond donor and thus the molecular recognition unit is located in proximity to the metal center. This concept article discusses major strategies for the preparation of complexes bearing protic NHC ligands and their potential applications.
Microwave Synthesis of the CPM‐5 Metal Organic Framework
Authors: Sabouni R. , Kazemian H. , Rohani S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe metal organic framework CPM‐5 (crystalline porous materials) was successfully synthesized and characterized for the first time using microwave irradiation as a rapid and facile synthesis method in about 10 min compared to several days crystallization time required for the conventional solvothermal approaches. Furthermore, CPM‐5 produced by microwave‐assisted synthesis exhibited a very high surface area of 2187 m2g–1 compared to, e.g., 580 m2g–1 of the conventionally synthesized samples. Moreover, the as‐synthesized CPM‐5 showed high carbon dioxide uptake.
Pareto Optimal Operating Solutions for a Semibatch Reactor Based on Failure Probability Indices
Authors: Dan A. , Maria G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhen highly exothermic/hazardous reactions are conducted in the presence of parametric uncertainty, derivation of optimal operating policies for a semibatch reactor has to simultaneously consider several objectives of sustainability. This paper presents a methodology to generate the Pareto optimal solutions when reactor productivity (product yield) and safety objectives (expressed in probabilistic terms) are simultaneously considered in a simple way, in the presence of technological constraints, uncertainty in safety boundaries, and random fluctuations in control variables. Exemplification is made for a semibatch reactor of high thermal sensitivity used for the catalytic acetoacetylation of pyrrole with diketene in homogeneous liquid phase.
Equilibrium Model of a Continuous Crystallization Process for Separation of Substances Exhibiting Solid Solutions
Authors: Temmel E. , Müller U. , Grawe D. , Eilers R. , Lorenz H. , Seidel‐Morgenstern A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThree general types of phase diagrams characterizing solid‐liquid equilibria are relevant for solution crystallization: simple eutectic, intermediate compound‐forming, and solid solution systems. Among these, a system capable to form solid solutions is very difficult to separate into its pure components. However, gradual fractional crystallization of two‐component solid solutions in a solvent is of large interest for the production of highly purified substances. A few publications suggest separation opportunities based on exploiting a cascade of batch crystallizers. A model‐based description of such a process by means of ternary phase diagrams is complicated. Due to the Gibbs phase rule there remains one degree of freedom in the region below the solubility curve, when temperature and pressure are fixed. This implies that the conodes, connecting one solid and one liquid state, do not converge into a pure component corner of the phase diagram. In this case, the specific courses of the conodes have to be determined experimentally. A simple empirical description of a phase diagram involving solid solutions is introduced and illustrated. Subsequently, a multistage crystallization process will be explained and modeled, based on the phase diagrams and the relevant mass balances.
Controlled Chain‐Scission of Polybutadiene by the Schwartz Hydrozirconation
Authors: Zheng Jun , Lin Yichao , Liu Feng , Tan Haiying , Wang Yanhui , Tang Tao 
Published: November 2012

AbstractControlled chain‐scission of polybutadiene (PB), polyisoprene, and poly(styrene‐co‐butadiene), induced by bis(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium hydrochloride (Cp2ZrHCl), was revealed at room temperature. The chain‐scission reaction of linear PB was studied by means of GPC, NMR spectroscopy, and MALDI‐TOF‐MS. It was confirmed that the molecular weights of degraded products were quasi‐quantitatively controlled by Cp2ZrHCl loading, irrespective of the starting PB, whereas the microstructure of PB chains was crucial to the scission reaction. The hydrozirconation of model molecules indicated that the existence of an internal double bond in compounds with multiple double bonds was essential for chain cleavage. The chain‐cleavage mechanism was proposed to involve hydrozirconation of internal double bonds in PB chains and β‐alkyl elimination. Furthermore, metallocene‐catalyzed chain‐scission by a chain‐transfer reaction was developed. It is believed that the reported chain scission offers a promising pathway for end‐group functionalization by chain cleavage and presents a new application of Schwartz’s reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I) Iodide Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinolinones via Cascade Reactions of 2‐Halobenzocarbonyls with 2‐Arylacetamides.
Authors: Fu Liangbing , Huang Xiaoli , Wang Deping , Zhao Pinghua , Ding Ke 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe scope is investigated providing a straightforward preparation of quinolinone, pyridinones, and heteroannnulated analogues in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Polycyclic Thiopyrans.
Authors: Meier Herbert , Schmidt Michael , Mayer Axel , Schollmeyer Dieter , Beile Bernhard 
Published: November 2012

AbstractReactions of benzothiete (I) with bicyclic alkenes exhibit very high π‐side selectivity in the formation of polycyclic thiopyrans.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylboronic Acid as Efficient and Eco‐Friendly Catalyst for the One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Tibhe Gaurao D. , Bedolla‐Medrano Mercedes , Cativiela Carlos , Ordonez Mario 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAliphatic and aromatic aldehydes react with benzylamine and dimethyl phosphite within a short time to give the title compounds in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one and 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐thione‐Fused Steroidal Derivatives by a Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Dutta Mandakini , Gogoi Junali , Shekarrao Kommoori , Goswami Jonalee , Gogoi Sanjib , Boruah Romesh Chandra 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe method allows the preparation of different types of biologically heterocyclic steroid systems and can also be applied to non‐steroidal cycloalkanones (X).
Amplified Two‐Photon Absorption in Trans‐A2B2‐Porphyrins Bearing Nitrophenylethynyl Substituents
Authors: Nowak‐Król Agnieszka , Wilson Craig J. , Drobizhev Mikhail , Kondratuk Dmitry V. , Rebane Aleksander , Anderson Harry L. , Gryko Daniel T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe show that peripheral nitro groups enhance the maximum two‐photon absorption cross‐section of trans‐A2B2‐porphyrins bearing two phenylethynyl substituents by more than one order of magnitude. Maximum values as high as 1000 GM result from realization of suitable conditions for effective resonance enhancement along with a lowering of the energy and intensification of the two‐photon allowed transitions in the Soret region.
Construction of quasi‐cyclic low‐density parity‐check codes with low encoding complexity
Authors: Xu Hua 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYLow encoding complexity is very important for quasi‐cyclic low‐density parity‐check (QC‐LDPC) codes used in wireless communication systems. In this paper, a new scheme is presented to construct QC‐LDPC codes with low encoding complexity. This scheme is called two‐stage particle swarm optimization (TS‐PSO) algorithm, in which both the threshold and girth distribution of QC‐LDPC codes are considered. The proposed scheme is composed of two stages. In the first stage, we construct a binary base matrix of QC‐LDPC code with the best threshold. The matrix is constructed by combining a binary PSO algorithm and the protograph extrinsic information transfer (PEXIT) method. In the second stage, we search an exponent matrix of the QC‐LDPC code with the best girth distribution. This exponent matrix is based on the base matrix obtained in the first stage. Consequently, the parity‐check matrix of the QC‐LDPC code with the best threshold and best girth distribution are constructed. Furthermore, bit error rate performances are compared for the QC‐LDPC codes constructed by proposed scheme, the QC‐LDPC code in 802.16e standard, and the QC‐LDPC code in Tam's study. Simulation results show that the QC‐LDPC codes proposed in this study are superior to both the 802.16e code and the Tam code on the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh channels. Moreover, proposed scheme is easily implemented, and is flexible and effective for constructing QC‐LDPC codes with low encoding complexity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the impacts of reforestation on the projected hydroclimatology of Niger River Basin, West Africa
Authors: Oguntunde Philip G. , Abiodun Babatunde J. , Lischeid Gunnar , Merz Christoph 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis study simulates the impacts of reforestation on hydroclimatology of Niger River Basin (NRB) under enhanced greenhouse gases (GHGs). A regional climate model (RegCM3) was used to dynamically downscale hydroclimatological variables of NRB for present‐day (PRS), and for future climate scenarios (with and without reforestation). The data were further analysed to detect changes in water balance components and the moisture recycling ratios. Under A1B scenario, warmer climate was projected over the entire basin in all seasons, a drier climate during the rainy season, and a wetter climate during the dry season. Reforestation along NRB (GBR) reduces the GHG warming over the basin both seasons, but increases it north‐east of the basin in July–September (JAS). Both reforestation scenarios could enhance rainfall over the reforested area. With reforestation over Sahel (GSR), seasonal evapotranspiration increases between 3·6% and 14·4%; but with GBR, evapotranspiration reduces between −12·4% and −4·3%. The GSR option offsets the projected annual GHG effects on moisture recycling over the basin. Evaporation coefficient decreased by about 5% under elevated CO2 while runoff coefficient increased. Reforestation reduces the projected warming and drying over the reforested zones because of its influence on the monsoon flow (reduction in speed). Hence, with reforestation in summer, the onset of monsoon delays in bringing in the cool moist air over the area located downwind of the reforested zone; this increases the temperature and reduces rainfall amount over the area. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.