bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of organized hunting as a management technique for overabundant white‐tailed deer in suburban landscapes
Authors: Williams Scott C. , Denicola Anthony J. , Almendinger Thom , Maddock Jody 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHunting has been the primary white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) management tool for decades. Regulated hunting has been effective at meeting management objectives in rural areas, but typical logistical constraints placed on hunting in residential and urban areas can cause deer to become overabundant and incompatible with other societal interests. Deer–vehicle collisions, tick‐associated diseases, and damage to residential landscape plantings are the primary reasons for implementing lethal management programs, often with objectives of <10 deer/km2. There are limited data demonstrating that hunting alone in suburban landscapes can reduce densities sufficiently to result in adequate conflict resolutions or a corresponding density objective for deer. We present data from 3 controlled hunting programs in New Jersey and one in Pennsylvania, USA. Annual or periodic population estimates were conducted using aerial counts and road‐based distance sampling to assess trends. Initial populations, some of which were previously subjected to regulated unorganized hunting, ranged from approximately 30–80 deer/km2. From 3 years to 10 years of traditional hunting, along with organized hunting and liberalized regulations, resulted in an estimated 17–18 deer/km2 at each location. These projects clearly demonstrate that a reduction in local deer densities using regulated hunting can be achieved. However, the sole use of existing regulated hunting techniques in suburban areas appears insufficient to maintain deer densities <17 deer/km2 where deer are not limited by severe winter weather. Additional measures, such as sharpshooting or other strategic adjustments to regulations and policies, may be needed if long‐term deer‐management objectives are much below this level. © The Wildlife Society, 2012
Using structured decision making to manage disease risk for Montana wildlife
Authors: Mitchell Michael S. , Gude Justin A. , Anderson Neil J. , Ramsey Jennifer M. , Thompson Michael J. , Sullivan Mark G. , Edwards Victoria L. , Gower Claire N. , Cochrane Jean Fitts , Irwin Elise R. , Walshe Terry 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe used structured decision‐making to develop a 2‐part framework to assist managers in the proactive management of disease outbreaks in Montana, USA. The first part of the framework is a model to estimate the probability of disease outbreak given field observations available to managers. The second part of the framework is decision analysis that evaluates likely outcomes of management alternatives based on the estimated probability of disease outbreak, and applies managers' values for different objectives to indicate a preferred management strategy. We used pneumonia in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) as a case study for our approach, applying it to 2 populations in Montana that differed in their likelihood of a pneumonia outbreak. The framework provided credible predictions of both probability of disease outbreaks, as well as biological and monetary consequences of management actions. The structured decision‐making approach to this problem was valuable for defining the challenges of disease management in a decentralized agency where decisions are generally made at the local level in cooperation with stakeholders. Our approach provides local managers with the ability to tailor management planning for disease outbreaks to local conditions. Further work is needed to refine our disease risk models and decision analysis, including robust prediction of disease outbreaks and improved assessment of management alternatives. © The Wildlife Society, 2012
Population demographics of translocated northern bobwhites on fragmented habitat
Authors: Scott Jason L. , Hernández Fidel , Brennan Leonard A. , Ballard Bart M. , Janis Michael , Forrester N. David 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHabitat fragmentation is considered a contributing factor to declining populations of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Some population strongholds exist within large expanses of habitat; however, many regions of the species' range have become fragmented and populations therein have become nearly extirpated. Our objectives were to determine whether combined habitat management and bobwhite translocation could restore bobwhite populations in habitat patches within a fragmented landscape. We translocated 550 bobwhites to 2 sites (≥660 ha; Caldwell and Fayette counties) in the Post Oak Savannah ecoregion of Texas, USA, during 2004–2006. We compared survival, home‐range size, and reproduction between translocated bobwhites in a fragmented landscape and resident bobwhites in contiguous habitat (Brooks County). Pooled over the 3‐year study, translocated bobwhites had lower survival (6 Apr–15 Aug, 2004–2006; Ŝ = 0.35; n = 165 bobwhites) than did resident bobwhites (Ŝ = 0.56; n = 224 bobwhites; P < 0.001). Translocated bobwhites also had larger home ranges ( = 398.1 ha; n = 55 bobwhites) than resident bobwhites ( = 10.9 ha; n = 28 bobwhites; P = 0.003). Moreover, percent of hens nesting (95% CI = 36 ± 16.4%) and nesting rate (95% CI = 1.1 ± 0.2 nests/hen) were lower for translocated bobwhites than for resident bobwhites (79 ± 12.4% and 1.6 ± 0.3 nests/hen, respectively). Our restoration efforts were unsuccessful; relative abundance of bobwhites remained low (≤1.0 covey heard/point) on translocation sites despite intensive translocation efforts. Restoring bobwhite populations in areas with few remaining bobwhites may be beyond the realm of practical management in this fragmented ecoregion. © 2012 The Wildlife Society
Synthesis and Surface Tension Study of the Spacer Chain Length Effect on the Adsorption and Micellization Properties of a New Kind of Carboxylate Gemini Surfactant
Authors: Chen Minggui , Luo Lijuan , Hu Xingqi , Yang Jitao 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA series of carboxylate gemini surfactants, which contain two hydrocarbon chains linked by amide groups, two carboxylate groups, a flexible alkane spacer were synthesized by three‐step reactions and named alkylidene–bis‐(N,N′‐dodecyl‐carboxypropylamides) (2C12H25CnAm; n = 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 is the number of methylene groups of the spacer), their structures were confirmed by FTIR,1H NMR, and LC–MS/TOF, and their purity checked by HPLC. The micellar properties with increasing spacer chain length of these gemini surfactants were determined by surface tension methods. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) varies slightly with spacer chain length; surface tension at CMC(γCMC), the tendency of micellization versus adsorption, CMC/C20, the minimum area per surfactant molecule at the air/solution interface (ACMC), all decrease with increasing spacer chain length; surface reduction efficiency, pC20, the surface excess at the air/solution interface (ГCMC) increase with increasing spacer chain length. The results probably indicate that increasing spacer chain length of these carboxylate gemini surfactants will increase spacer incorporation into the double hydrophobic chain.
Fluxes through steady chimneys in a mushy layer during binary alloy solidification
Authors: Rees Jones David W. , Worster M. Grae 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSolute transport within solidifying binary alloys occurs predominantly by convection from narrow liquid chimneys within a porous mushy layer. We develop a simple model that elucidates the dominant structure and driving forces of the flow, which could be applied to modelling brine fluxes from sea ice, where a cheaply implementable approach is essential. A horizontal density gradient within the mushy layer in the vicinity of the chimneys leads to baroclinic torque which sustains the convective flow. In the bulk of the mushy layer, the isotherms are essentially horizontal. In this region, we impose a vertically linear temperature field and immediately find that the flow field is a simple corner flow. We determine the strength of this flow by finding a similarity solution to the governing mushy-layer equations in an active region near the chimney. We also determine the corresponding shape of the chimney, the vertical structure of the solid fraction and the interstitial flow field. We apply this model first to a periodic, planar array of chimneys and show analytically that the solute flux through the chimneys is proportional to a mush Rayleigh number. Secondly we extend the model to three dimensions and find that an array of chimneys can be characterized by the average drainage area alone. Therefore we solve the model in an axisymmetric geometry and find new, sometimes nonlinear, relationships between the solute flux, the Rayleigh number and the other dimensionless parameters of the system.
Post-secularity and (global) politics: a need for radical redefinition
Authors: DALLMAYR FRED 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe past two decades have produced a bulky literature on religion and politics, with many writers being influenced by Habermas's notion of ‘post-secularity’. However, despite the vast amount of literature, there is still little agreement on the meaning of this term. The article explores two main directions in which the expression has been interpreted: one direction where religious faith is in a way ‘secularised’ by being adapted to modern secular discourse; and another where faith triumphs over secularity by expunging its modern corollaries. What surfaces behind this divergence is a version of the immanence/transcendence conundrum which accentuates a presumed contrast of language games in which one linguistic idiom is said to be more readily accessible than the other. In agreement with Charles Taylor, this article challenges the assumption of an ‘epistemic break’ between secular reason and ‘non-rational’ religious discourse. Once this challenge is taken seriously, a new and more radical redefinition of ‘post-secularity’ comes into view: a definition where the prefix ‘post’ signifies neither a secular nor a religious triumphalism, but rather an ethical-political task: the task of liberating public life from its attachment to ‘worldly’ self- interest and the unmitigated pursuit of wealth, power, and military adventures.
Mode-coupling theory and beyond: A diagrammatic approach
Authors: Szamel Grzegorz 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFor almost thirty years, mode-coupling theory has been the most widely discussed and used but also the most controversial theory of the glass transition. In this paper we briefly review the reasons for both its popularity and its controversy. We emphasize the need for the development of approaches that would be able to evaluate corrections to and extensions of the existing (standard) mode-coupling theory. Next, we review our diagrammatic formulation of the dynamics of interacting Brownian particles.We show that within this approach the standardmode-coupling theory can be derived in a very simple way. Finally, we use our diagrammatic approach to calculate two corrections to the mode-coupling theory's expression for the so-called irreducible memory function. These corrections involve re-summations of well-defined classes of non-mode-coupling diagrams.
ACUTE UNILATERAL TOXOPLASMA RETINOCHOROIDITIS ASSOCIATED WITH ADALIMUMAB, A TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-α ANTAGONIST
Authors: Radwan Alaa , Baheti Ujwala , Arcinue Cheryl A. , Hinkle David M. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to report a case of a patient with unilateral toxoplasma retinochoroiditis while on treatment with adalimumab, an anti–tumor necrosis factor α agent for ulcerative colitis.

Methods:
This is a descriptive case report.

Results and Discussion:
In addition to the patient with toxoplasma retinochoroiditis, there is one published report of two patients who developed toxoplasma chorioretinitis while on anti–tumor necrosis factor α therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: one was on adalimumab and methotrexate and the other one was on etanercept and methotrexate.

Conclusion:
The authors need to be aware of this potentially vision threatening risk with anti–tumor necrosis factor α therapy.
SPECTRAL DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY CHARACTERISTICS OF RETAINED SUBRETINAL PERFLUORO-n-OCTANE
Authors: Sigler Eric J. , Randolph John C. , Rafieetary Mohammad R. , Charles Steve , Calzada Jorge I. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:
To describe the spectral domain optical coherence tomography characteristics of retained subretinal perfluoro-n-octane (SR-PFO) after vitreoretinal surgery.

Methods:
Consecutive patients referred for retained SR-PFO after pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment were prospectively evaluated with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The clinical findings, fundus autofluorescence, spectral domain optical coherence tomography images, and anatomical outcomes, were reviewed.

Results:
Three consecutive patients presented to the vitreoretinal service with history of retinal detachment and pervious vitrectomy with intraoperative PFO. Subretinal PFO bubbles were observed on clinical examination and imaging studies, including spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Case 1 had subfoveal PFO removal and developed a postoperative choroidal neovascular membrane. Case 2 had multiple foci of SR-PFO after giant retinal tear repair. Case 3 had superotemporal SR-PFO that remained stable for several years without migration or other associated pathology.

Conclusion:
Subretinal PFO appears as a low-reflectance spherical mass, often with a pinpoint focus of hyperreflectance at the apex of the bubble. Optical coherence tomography details beneath subretinal PFO appear relatively hyperreflectant compared to adjacent tissue. Long-term observation revealed preferential absence of the outer retinal layers with no nerve fiber layer erosion, subretinal inflammatory precipitates, or proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Some evidence of retinal pigment epithelial disruption was observed but seemed to remain stable or improve with observation. The authors suggest management involving follow-up with close observation in SR-PFO unless present in the subfoveal region. Choroidal neovascular membrane can occur after SR-PFO removal and may be successfully managed with intravitreal bevacizumab.
Prevalence of Rupture in Poly Implant Prothèse Silicone Breast Implants, Recalled from the European Market in 2010
Authors: Maijers Maria C. , Niessen Francisus B. 
Published: January 2013

Background:
Known complications of silicone breast implants are rupture and silicone leakage, complications that are related not only to generation and implant age but also to the manufacturer. Implants from the French manufacturer Poly Implant Prothèse showed more rupture than expected and were banned from the European market in 2010. Clinics in Europe recalled their patients, but prevalence of rupture in these implants has not been previously reported.

Methods:
All women who underwent breast augmentation in 2000 and 2001 in the Jan van Goyen Clinic, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, were informed about concerns regarding the quality of their implants. Medical records were used to trace manufacturer and implantation specifics. One hundred twelve women with proven Poly Implant Prothèse implants were enrolled in this study. All women underwent physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging and were interviewed for complaints to determine the prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic rupture.

Results:
Two hundred twenty-four Poly Implant Prothèse implants were evaluated with a mean implant age of 122 months. Of these 224 implants, 54 had ruptured. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that 33 percent of women had at least one ruptured implant. There was no significant difference in rupture rate of implants manufactured in 2000 and 2001.

Conclusions:
One third of the women who had undergone breast augmentation with Poly Implant Prothèse implants were shown to have at least one ruptured implant after 10 years; 45.9 percent had bilateral rupture and 13.5 percent had extracapsular leakage. These were mostly asymptomatic ruptures. The rupture prevalence rate for Poly Implant Prothèse implants after 10 years is 24 percent.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
A Standardized Operative Team for Major Head and Neck Cancer Ablation and Reconstruction
Authors: Doherty Christopher , Nakoneshny Steven C. , Harrop Allan R. , Matthews T. Wayne , Schrag Christiaan , McKenzie David C. , De Haas William , Davis Roger B. , Dort Joseph C. 
Published: January 2013

Background:
Prolonged procedure time in head and neck cancer ablation and free flap reconstruction cases has been shown to significantly increase perioperative complications. The authors' objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized surgical nursing team for head and neck cancer ablation and free flap reconstruction operations for reducing procedure time.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort analysis of consecutive patients presenting for head and neck cancer ablation and free flap reconstruction between January 1, 2007, and September 1, 2010, was performed. A standardized head and neck surgical nursing team was introduced on May 1, 2009, at our center. Procedure time and case time were measured before and after the introduction of the team. Univariable analyses were performed to evaluate the difference in procedure and case time between the two cohorts. A multivariable linear regression model was developed to control for confounding variables.

Results:
There were 52 cases before the team was introduced and 49 cases after. Mean procedure time was reduced by 47.1 minutes (p = 0.04) and mean case time was reduced by 68.9 minutes (p = 0.01) after team introduction. The multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in operative time after team introduction, controlling for confounding variables.

Conclusions:
The introduction of a standardized surgical nursing team led to a significant reduction in procedure and case time. A standardized team approach improves operating room efficiency in complex cases such as free flap reconstruction following tumor ablation.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Silicone Nanoparticles Do Not Induce Immune Responses by Naïve Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Nair Narayanan , Pilakka-Kanthikeel Sudheesh , Saiyed Zainulabedin , Yndart Adriana , Nair Madhavan 
Published: January 2013

Background:
Several studies have reported adverse immunological effects of silicone due to their ability to induce proinflammatory molecules, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In recent years, use of nanoparticles has been under fast development for therapeutic drug targeting, diagnostic imaging, and immune response in various fields of nanomedicine. The authors hypothesize that immune responses induced by in vivo use of silicone materials can be reduced or eliminated by the use of nanosilicone.

Methods:
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from naïve normal subjects were cultured with different concentrations of silicone nanoparticles and microparticles for 24 hours. The culture supernatants were quantitated for TNF-α, IL-6, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pellets were used for specific IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by XTT viability assay. Results were compared between silicone nanoparticles and microparticles and untreated controls.

Results:
Silicone nanoparticles up to 100 μg/ml did not induce any detectable levels of specific TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6 gene expression and protein production and the results were comparable to those for untreated controls. Silicone microparticles at 100 μg/ml, however, significantly induced the production and gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. XTT viability assay showed that silicone nanoparticles or microparticles, even at the highest concentration used, were not cytotoxic to cells.

Conclusions:
The results suggest that silicone nanoparticles can be engineered to avoid immune recognition and subsequent silicone microparticle–related adverse effects and thus may be of therapeutic significance in the cosmetic industry, plastic surgery, and aesthetic medicine.
Evaluation of Plastic Surgery Training Programs
Authors: Roostaeian Jason , Fan Kenneth L. , Sorice Sarah , Tabit Christina J. , Liao Eileen , Rahgozar Paymon , Tanna Neil , Bradley James P. 
Published: January 2013

Background:
The authors aimed to differentiate between combined/integrated and independent (traditional) methods of plastic surgery training with regard to quality of trainees, caliber of graduates, and practice or career outcomes once graduated.

Methods:
To compare combined/integrated with independent residency program training, the authors conducted a Web-based survey of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons members looking at their experience and practice outcomes (n = 1056) and interviews of plastic surgery faculty looking at the quality of trainees (n = 72). The member survey evaluated background information, research credentials, pathway satisfaction, postgraduation activities, current practice, and academic affiliation. Faculty teacher interviews focused on knowledge base, diagnostic and treatment judgment, technical abilities, research capabilities, and prediction of future career success.

Results:
The member survey showed no difference (p > 0.05) between combined/integrated and independent trainees in practice type (cosmetic/reconstructive), practice volume, or academic achievements. Combined/integrated trained surgeons are three times more likely to recommend their training pathway and two times more likely to enter fellowship after residency. Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society membership correlated with a greater likelihood of having an academic practice at 5 and 10 years or more and higher professorship titles. Faculty evaluations showed that combined/integrated residents were superior in knowledge (49 percent versus 32 percent) but that independent residents were superior in technical ability (51 percent versus 20 percent) and research (57 percent versus 19 percent). Most faculty were unable to choose a pathway producing superior residents.

Conclusions:
Regarding future practice outcomes, there was not a superior training pathway. Regarding quality of trainees, there were differences in faculty evaluations, but there was no consensus on a better pathway.
Evidence-Based Practices for Thromboembolism Prevention
Authors: Murphy Robert X. , Alderman Amy , Gutowski Karol , Kerrigan Carolyn , Rosolowski Karie , Schechter Loren , Schmitz DeLaine , Wilkins Edwin 
Published: January 2013

Summary:
In July of 2011, the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Executive Committee approved the Venous Thromboembolism Task Force Report. The report includes a summary of the scientific literature relevant to venous thromboembolism and plastic surgery along with five evidence-based recommendations. The recommendations are divided into two sections: risk stratification and prevention. The risk stratification recommendations are based on the 2005 Caprini Risk Assessment Module, which has been validated in the scientific literature as an effective tool for risk-stratifying plastic and reconstructive surgery patients based on individual risk factors for 60-day venous thromboembolism. The three prophylaxis recommendations are dependent on an individual patient's 2005 Caprini Risk Assessment Module score.