bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-organising management of user-generated data and knowledge
Authors: Macbeth Sam , Pitt Jeremy V. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe proliferation of sensor networks, mobile and pervasive computing has provided the technological push for a new class of participatory-sensing applications, based on sensing and aggregating user-generated content, and transforming it into knowledge. However, given the power and value of both the raw data and the derived knowledge, to ensure that the generators are commensurate beneficiaries, we advocate an open approach to the data and intellectual property rights by treating user-generated content, as well as derived information and knowledge, as a common-pool resource. In this paper, we undertake an extensive review of experimental, commercial and social participatory sensory applications, from which we identify that a decentralised, community-oriented governance model is required to support this approach. Furthermore, we show that Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development framework, in conjunction with a framework for self-organising electronic institutions, can be used to give both an architecture and algorithmic base for the requisite governance model, in terms of operational and collective-choice rules specified in computational logic. This provides, we believe, the foundations for engineering knowledge commons for the next generation of participatory-sensing applications, in which the data generators are also the primary beneficiaries.
A Multidisciplinary Field Hospital as a Substitute For Medical Hospital Care in the Aftermath of an Earthquake: The Experience of the Israeli Defense Forces Field Hospital in Duzce, Turkey, 1999
Authors: Bar-Dayan Yaron , Leiba Adi , Beard Pinar , Mankuta David , Engelhart Dan , Beer Yftah , Lynn Mauryzio , Weiss Yuval , Martonovits Giora , Benedek Paul , Goldberg Avishay 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe damage created by an earthquake can overwhelm local health services, and damage to clinics and hospitals can render them useless. After an earthquake, even undamaged medical facilities cannot be used for a period of time if there is a risk of aftershocks and collapse.In such a situation, there may be calls for international health teams – but what constitutes the optimal medical aid a few days after the event? Does a military field hospital fill the “gap” in the local healthcare system?On 12 November 1999, a 7.2 magnitude earthquake struck Duzce, Turkey. All of the medical activities of the responding Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) mission team field hospital in Duzce, Turkey were recorded and evaluated. A total of 2,230 patient contacts occurred at the field hospital during the nine days it operated. Most of the patients who presented (90%) had non-traumatic medical, pediatric, or gynecological problems unrelated to the earthquake.The IDF hospital offered medical care provided by specialists, hospitalization, and surgical abilities, which Duzce's hospitals could not offer until two weeks after the earthquake. These results strengthen the importance of a multidisciplinary, versatile, field hospital as an aid to an earthquake-affected population during the first few weeks after an earthquake.
A Simple Graphical Method for Quantification of Disaster Management Surge Capacity Using Computer Simulation and Process-control Tools
Authors: Franc Jeffrey Michael , Ingrassia Pier Luigi , Verde Manuela , Colombo Davide , Della Corte Francesco 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIntroductionSurge capacity, or the ability to manage an extraordinary volume of patients, is fundamental for hospital management of mass-casualty incidents. However, quantification of surge capacity is difficult and no universal standard for its measurement has emerged, nor has a standardized statistical method been advocated. As mass-casualty incidents are rare, simulation may represent a viable alternative to measure surge capacity.Hypothesis/ProblemThe objective of the current study was to develop a statistical method for the quantification of surge capacity using a combination of computer simulation and simple process-control statistical tools. Length-of-stay (LOS) and patient volume (PV) were used as metrics. The use of this method was then demonstrated on a subsequent computer simulation of an emergency department (ED) response to a mass-casualty incident.MethodsIn the derivation phase, 357 participants in five countries performed 62 computer simulations of an ED response to a mass-casualty incident. Benchmarks for ED response were derived from these simulations, including LOS and PV metrics for triage, bed assignment, physician assessment, and disposition. In the application phase, 13 students of the European Master in Disaster Medicine (EMDM) program completed the same simulation scenario, and the results were compared to the standards obtained in the derivation phase.ResultsPatient-volume metrics included number of patients to be triaged, assigned to rooms, assessed by a physician, and disposed. Length-of-stay metrics included median time to triage, room assignment, physician assessment, and disposition. Simple graphical methods were used to compare the application phase group to the derived benchmarks using process-control statistical tools. The group in the application phase failed to meet the indicated standard for LOS from admission to disposition decision.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates how simulation software can be used to derive values for objective benchmarks of ED surge capacity using PV and LOS metrics. These objective metrics can then be applied to other simulation groups using simple graphical process-control tools to provide a numeric measure of surge capacity. Repeated use in simulations of actual EDs may represent a potential means of objectively quantifying disaster management surge capacity. It is hoped that the described statistical method, which is simple and reusable, will be useful for investigators in this field to apply to their own research.FrancJM, IngrassiaPL, VerdeM, ColomboD, Della CorteF. A simple graphical method for quantification of disaster management surge capacity using computer simulation and process-control tools. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(1):1-7.
An implementation pilot of the MindBalance web-based intervention for depression in three IAPT services
Authors: Morrison Cecily , Walker Graham , Ruggeri Kai , Hacker Hughes Jamie 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWeb-based interventions for depression have burgeoned over the past 10 years as researchers and health professionals aim to harness the reach and cost-effectiveness that the internet promises. Despite strong clinical evidence of their effectiveness and policy support, web-based interventions have not become widely used in practice. We explored this translation gap by conducting an implementation pilot of MindBalance, a web-based intervention for depression built on the SilverCloud platform, in three IAPT services. We posed three questions: (1) Who chooses to use MindBalance? (2) Is MindBalance effective for these clients? (3) How do clients use MindBalance? Our results for questions (1) and (2) are commensurate with the positive findings in the literature on patient acceptability and clinical effectiveness for such interventions. Client usage, captured in adherence data as well as usage case-studies, was diverse and differed markedly from face-to-face sessions. The most surprising result, however, concerned the small number of people who were offered the intervention. We reflect upon why this was and discuss implementation issues that primary mental health services should consider when adding a web-based intervention to their services.
EHME: a New Word Database for Research in Basque Language
Authors: Acha Joana , Laka Itziar , Landa Josu , Salaburu Pello 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article presents EHME, the frequency dictionary of Basque structure, an online program that enables researchers in psycholinguistics to extract word and nonword stimuli, based on a broad range of statistics concerning the properties of Basque words. The database consists of 22.7 million tokens, and properties available include morphological structure frequency and word-similarity measures, apart from classical indexes: word frequency, orthographic structure, orthographic similarity, bigram and biphone frequency, and syllable-based measures. Measures are indexed at the lemma, morpheme and word level. We include reliability and validation analysis. The application is freely available, and enables the user to extract words based on concrete statistical criteria1, as well as to obtain statistical characteristics from a list of words2.
Different Kinds of Infants´ Smiles in the First Six Months and Contingency to Maternal Affective Behavior
Authors: Mendes Deise Maria Leal Fernandes , Seidl-de-Moura Maria Lucia 
Published: November 2014

AbstractInfants’ smiling is considered an expression of affection, and an index of cognitive and socio-emotional development. Despite research advances in this area, there is much to explore on the ontogeny of smiling, its meaning and the context in which it is manifested early in life. This study aimed at: (a) investigating smiling patterns in these different developmental moments in early infancy, (b) analyzing patterns of association between babies’ smiles and their mothers’ affective behaviors, and (c) verifying whether babies can answer contingently, with smiles, to mothers’ affective behaviors. Participants were sixty Brazilian mother-infant dyads. Infants in three age levels (one, three, and five months of age) and their mothers were observed. They were videotaped at home, during 20 minutes in free sessions. The results indicate increase in frequency of infants’ smiling instances across ages (F(2, 59) = 9.18,p< .05), variations in the frequency of maternal behaviors accompanying the variations in infants’ smiling (F(2, 59) = 6.03,p< .05), correlations between infants’ smiling and mothers’ affective behaviors, and contingency between the behaviors of both mothers and infants. It was verified a strong association between mothers’ behavior and their babies’ smiles, emphasizing the importance of affective interactions in early stages of development.
Long noncoding RNA PANDA and scaffold-attachment-factor SAFA control senescence entry and exit
Authors: Puvvula Pavan Kumar , Desetty Rohini Devi , Pineau Pascal , Marchio Agnés , Moon Anne , Dejean Anne , Bischof Oliver 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that limits the proliferation of pre-cancerous cells. Here we demonstrate that scaffold-attachment-factor A (SAFA) and the long noncoding RNA PANDA differentially interact with polycomb repressive complexes (PRC1 and PRC2) and the transcription factor NF-YA to either promote or suppress senescence. In proliferating cells, SAFA and PANDA recruit PRC complexes to repress the transcription of senescence-promoting genes. Conversely, the loss of SAFA–PANDA–PRC interactions allows expression of the senescence programme. Accordingly, we find that depleting either SAFA or PANDA in proliferating cells induces senescence. However, in senescent cells where PANDA sequesters transcription factor NF-YA and limits the expression of NF-YA-E2F-coregulated proliferation-promoting genes, PANDA depletion leads to an exit from senescence. Together, our results demonstrate that PANDA confines cells to their existing proliferative state and that modulating its level of expression can cause entry or exit from senescence.
Positron emission tomography and functional characterization of a complete PBR/TSPO knockout
Authors: Banati Richard B. , Middleton Ryan J. , Chan Ronald , Hatty Claire R. , Wai-Ying Kam Winnie , Quin Candice , Graeber Manuel B. , Parmar Arvind , Zahra David , Callaghan Paul , Fok Sandra , Howell Nicholas R. , Gregoire Marie , Szabo Alexander , Pham Tien , Davis Emma , Liu Guo-Jun 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe evolutionarily conserved peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), or 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), is thought to be essential for cholesterol transport and steroidogenesis, and thus life. TSPO has been proposed as a biomarker of neuroinflammation and a new drug target in neurological diseases ranging from Alzheimer’s disease to anxiety. Here we show that global C57BL/6-Tspotm1GuWu(GuwiyangWurra)-knockout mice are viable with normal growth, lifespan, cholesterol transport, blood pregnenolone concentration, protoporphyrin IX metabolism, fertility and behaviour. However, while the activation of microglia after neuronal injury appears to be unimpaired, microglia from GuwiyangWurraTSPO knockouts produce significantly less ATP, suggesting reduced metabolic activity. Using the isoquinoline PK11195, the ligand originally used for the pharmacological and structural characterization of the PBR/TSPO, and the imidazopyridines CLINDE and PBR111, we demonstrate the utility of GuwiyangWurraTSPO knockouts to provide robust data on drug specificity and selectivity, both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the mechanism of action of putative TSPO-targeting drugs.
Diversification of bacterial genome content through distinct mechanisms over different timescales
Authors: Croucher Nicholas J. , Coupland Paul G. , Stevenson Abbie E. , Callendrello Alanna , Bentley Stephen D. , Hanage William P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBacterial populations often consist of multiple co-circulating lineages. Determining how such population structures arise requires understanding what drives bacterial diversification. Using 616 systematically sampled genomes, we show that Streptococcus pneumoniae lineages are typically characterized by combinations of infrequently transferred stable genomic islands: those moving primarily through transformation, along with integrative and conjugative elements and phage-related chromosomal islands. The only lineage containing extensive unique sequence corresponds to a set of atypical unencapsulated isolates that may represent a distinct species. However, prophage content is highly variable even within lineages, suggesting frequent horizontal transmission that would necessitate rapidly diversifying anti-phage mechanisms to prevent these viruses sweeping through populations. Correspondingly, two loci encoding Type I restriction-modification systems able to change their specificity over short timescales through intragenomic recombination are ubiquitous across the collection. Hence short-term pneumococcal variation is characterized by movement of phage and intragenomic rearrangements, with the slower transfer of stable loci distinguishing lineages.
The Role of the Helper Lipid on the DNA Transfection Efficiency of Lipopolyplex Formulations
Authors: Du Zixiu , Munye Mustafa M. , Tagalakis Aristides D. , Manunta Maria D. I. , Hart Stephen L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMultifunctional, lipopolyplex formulations comprising a mixture of cationic liposomes and cationic, receptor-targeting peptides have potential use in gene therapy applications. Lipopolyplex formulations described here are typically far more efficient transfection agents than binary lipoplex or polyplex formulations. It has been shown previously that the peptide component mediates both DNA packaging and targeting of the nanoparticle while in this report we investigate the contribution of the lipid component. We hypothesised that the lipid components synergise with the peptides in the transfection process by promoting endosomal escape after lipid bilayer fusion. Lipopolyplexes were prepared with cationic liposomes comprising DOTAP with either neutral lipid DOPE or DOPC. DOPE promotes fusogenic, inverted hexagonal lipid structures while DOPC promotes more stable laminar structures. Lipopolyplexes containing DOPE showed substantially higher transfection efficiency than those formulated with DOPC, both in vitro and in vivo. DOPE-containing lipopolyplexes showed rapid endosomal trafficking and nuclear accumulation of DNA while DOPC-containing formulations remained within the late endo-lysosomal compartments. These findings are consistent with previous finding for the role of DOPE in lipoplexes and support the hypothesis regarding the function of the lipid components in lipopolyplexes. These findings will help to inform future lipopolyplex design, strategies and clinical development processes.
Analysis of phase variation of CMOS digital attenuator
Authors: Sun Pinping 
Published: November 2014

A comparison of phase variation and insertion loss between a conventional digital attenuator and a proposed capacitive‐phase‐compensation digital attenuator design based on an analysis of phase variation is presented. In a standard CMOS technology, the proposed attenuator is analytically demonstrated to have less phase variation than the conventional digital attenuator due to the capacitive‐phase‐compensation network. The proposed switch can maintain <1 dB insertion loss while achieving an 8–18° improvement of phase variation than the conventional designs over 10–20 GHz, which support the theoretical analysis.
Formula for self‐resonant frequency of Archimedean spiral coils
Authors: Yun Him‐Chan , Lee Gunbok , Park Wee Sang 
Published: November 2014

A simple empirical formula is proposed to calculate the self‐resonant frequency of Archimedean spiral coils made of circular wire. A spiral coil can be considered as a deformed straight wire with some specific structural parameters. Each structural parameter is assumed to affect the self‐resonant frequency. Two spiral coils, one that resonates near 13.56 MHz and one that resonates near 6.78 MHz, were fabricated to test the proposed formula. The average per cent error between the measured result and the calculated result was 2.66%. The proposed formula will be helpful in the design of Archimedean spiral coils for wireless power transfer.
Digital control of isolated Cuk power factor correction converter under wide range of load variation
Authors: Dian Songyi , Wen Xuefeng , Deng Xiang , Zhang Shimin 
Published: November 2014

This study presents a novel digital double‐loop control method, that is, inner current loop and outer voltage loop, for a single‐stage isolated Cuk power factor correction (PFC) converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM). First, control law of current loop, consisting of a current term and a voltage term, is derived. Considering that inductance value of inductors varies with load change, an adaptive gain scheduling method is applied to change the current term. Second, control law of voltage loop is derived based on proportional‐integral control with introducing linearisation and feedforward compensation. Meanwhile, a moving average filter is utilised to decrease ripple effect of output voltage, and thus smoother input signal for current loop and fast dynamic response for voltage loop are guaranteed. A 1600 W one‐phase isolated Cuk PFC converter controlled by a digital signal processor is developed and achieves power factor higher than 0.99, total harmonic distortion of input current lower than 8.5% with load varying from 25 to 100% and fast dynamic response performance. Finally, a 4800 W three‐phase AC–DC converter based on the above PFC converter is implemented and its performance additionally indicate that current sharing issue can be easy to deal with by using the proposed control method.
Stock‐Specific Migration Pathways of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon in British Columbia Waters and in the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Beacham Terry D. , Beamish Richard J. , Candy John R. , Wallace Colin , Tucker Strahan , Moss Jamal H. , Trudel Marc 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe outlined the route and relative timing of juvenile Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka migration by analyzing stock composition and relative CPUE in marine sampling conducted in coastal British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska. Variation at 14 microsatellites was analyzed for 10,500 juvenile Sockeye Salmon obtained from surveys conducted during 1996–2011. Using a 404‐population baseline, we identified the sampled individuals to 47 populations or stocks of origin. Stock compositions of the mixtures increased in diversity in more northerly sampling locations, indicating a general northward movement of juveniles. The primary migration route of Columbia River and Washington stocks was northward along the west coast of Vancouver Island, with a majority of the juveniles subsequently migrating through Queen Charlotte Sound and Dixon Entrance. Fraser River stocks migrated principally through the Strait of Georgia and Johnstone Strait. Some Fraser River populations, such as the Cultus Lake population, appeared to spend little time rearing in the Strait of Georgia, as individuals from this population were primarily observed in July samples from Hecate Strait, Dixon Entrance, and Southeast Alaska. Other Fraser River populations, such as the Chilko Lake and Quesnel Lake populations, were widely distributed during July surveys, as they were observed from the Gulf of Alaska to the Strait of Georgia. For the British Columbia central coast and Owikeno Lake stocks, not all individuals migrated northward in the summer: some individuals were still present in local areas during the fall and winter after spring entry into the marine environment. Juvenile Fraser River Sockeye Salmon dominated the catch of juveniles at the Yakutat, Prince William Sound, Kodiak Island, and Alaska Peninsula sampling locations. There was a wide divergence among stocks in dispersion among sampling locations.Received September 26, 2013; accepted June 6, 2014
Novel Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers Confirm Successful Spawning of Endangered Pallid Sturgeon in the Upper Missouri River Basin
Authors: Eichelberger Jennifer S. , Braaten Patrick J. , Fuller David B. , Krampe Matthew S. , Heist Edward J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSpawning of the federally endangered Pallid Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus is known to occur in the upper Missouri River basin, but progeny from natural reproductive events have not been observed and recruitment to juvenile or adult life stages has not been documented in recent decades. Identification of Pallid Sturgeon progeny is confounded by the fact that Shovelnose Sturgeon S. platorynchus occurs throughout the entire range of Pallid Sturgeon and the two species are essentially indistinguishable (morphometrically and meristically) during early life stages. Moreover, free embryos of sympatric Paddlefish Polyodon spathula are very similar to the two sturgeon species. In this study, three single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays were employed to screen acipenseriform free embryos and larvae collected from the upper Missouri River basin in 2011, 2012, and 2013. A mitochondrial DNA SNP discriminates Paddlefish from sturgeon, and specific multilocus genotypes at two nuclear DNA SNPs occurred in 98.9% of wild adult Pallid Sturgeon but only in 3% of Shovelnose Sturgeon sampled in the upper Missouri River. Individuals identified as potential Pallid Sturgeon based on SNP genotypes were further analyzed at 19 microsatellite loci for species discrimination. Out of 1,423 free embryos collected over 3 years of sampling, 971 Paddlefish, 446 Shovelnose Sturgeon, and 6 Pallid Sturgeon were identified. Additionally, 249 Scaphirhynchus spp. benthic larvae were screened, but no Pallid Sturgeon were detected. These SNP markers provide an efficient method of screening acipenseriform early life stages for the presence of Pallid Sturgeon in the Missouri River basin. Detection of wild Pallid Sturgeon free embryos in the upper Missouri and Yellowstone rivers supports the hypothesis that the failure of wild Pallid Sturgeon to recruit to the juvenile life stage in the upper Missouri River basin is caused by early life stage mortality rather than by lack of successful spawning.Received January 22, 2014; accepted June 4, 2014