bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Practice Patterns of Clinical and Counselling Psychologists and Their Attitudes to Transforming Mental Health Polices in South Africa
Authors: Pillay Y.G. , Petersen I. 
Published: March 2013

The current political changes in South Africa and the realization that there is a need to transform many institutions have resulted in strident calls for changes to mental health policies. However, it is also recognized that these changes must be coherent, and should enjoy the support of all interested constituencies. The authors surveyed members of the mental health professions, namely, Clinical and Counselling Psychologists to elicit their opińions regarding these changes. The aim was to obtain data on their current practice patterns and attitudes to change in mental health policies designed to meet the needs of the majority of South Africans. In this article the authors discuss results of the survey and emphasize some of the issues that need to be addressed if the mental health needs of the population are to be met. Die huidige politieke veranderinge in Suid-Afrika en die besef dat daar 'n behoefte is om instellings te transformeer het gelei tot ernstige beroepe om die geestegesondheidsbeleid ter verander. Nietemin word daar besef dat die veranderinge samehangend moet wees, en moet die ondersteuning van alle belangstellende groepe geniet. Om die nodige standpunte van hierdie verskillende groepe te bekom, was die lede van die Kliniese en Raadgewende Sielkundiges oor hul meinings gevra. Die doel was om data te bekom oor die huidige modelle en houdinge in die uitoefening van die beroep met betrekking tot veranderinge tot geestgesondheidsbeleid wat geruk is op die geestegesondheids behoeftes van die meerheid van Suid-Afrikaners. In hierdie artikel bespreek die outeurs die resultante van hierdie ondersoek en beklemtoon sommige van die vraagstukke waarmee rekening gehou moet word indien aan die geestegesondheidsbeloftes van die meerderheid van die bevolking voldoen moet word.
Bioavailability profile of Uceris MMX extended-release tablets compared with Entocort EC capsules in healthy volunteers
Authors: Nicholls Andrew , Harris-Collazo Raúl , Huang Michael , Hardiman Yun , Jones Richard , Moro Luigi 
Published: March 2013

Objective To compare the pharmacokinetics of the extended-release MMX® formulation of budesonide (Uceris®) with that of Entocort® EC, an extended (controlled ileal) release formulation of budesonide. Methods Using an open-label, randomized, three-period crossover, Latin square design, healthy male or female volunteers received single doses of 6 mg Uceris®, 9 mg Uceris® or 9 mg Entocort® EC. Standard pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed. Results The study included 12 subjects. The 9 mg Uceris® and 9 mg Entocort® EC formulations had comparable area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) data, but 9 mg Uceris® had a notably longer time to first appearance in plasma (median Tlag, 6 h versus 1 h, respectively), and a delayed time to maximum concentration (median Tmax, 15 h versus 5 h, respectively) compared with 9 mg Entocort® EC. The ratio of log-transformed AUC0–last (Uceris®/Entocort® EC) was 91% (90% confidence interval [CI] 77%, 108%) and the corresponding maximum concentration ratio was 79% (90% CI 63%, 100%). Conclusion Uceris was associated with a similar extent (AUC) of systemic exposure to budesonide compared with that following Entocort. However, for Uceris, the pharmacokinetic profile was delayed, a pattern consistent with greater colonic delivery of the active substance.
Increasing age associated with elevated cardio–ankle vascular index scores in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tian Guoxiang , Wei Wanlin , Zhang Wei , Zhang Ling , You Hongshuai , Liu Wen , Sun Zhu , Wang Xiaobing , Wu Xiao 
Published: March 2013

Objective The study investigated the relationship between arterial stiffness calculated using the cardio–ankle vascular index (CAVI), diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes-related cardiovascular complications, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) and nondiabetic patients. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes and age-matched nondiabetic patients. CAVI was measured using an automatic vascular screening system. Parameters associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications were also measured. Results A total of 51 patients with type 2 diabetes and 59 nondiabetic patients were enrolled in the study. Significantly higher CAVI scores were observed in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with nondiabetic patients (mean ± SD: 9.55 ± 1.13 versus 8.54 ± 0.94, respectively). Multivariate linear regression analyses demonstrated that age was the only significant factor influencing the CAVI score, in patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion Patients with type 2 diabetes had an increased risk of arterial stiffness, based on the CAVI score, compared with nondiabetic patients; this, in turn, could increase their risk of developing other cardiovascular complications.
Organizational Transformation Challenges at the State Bank of Pakistan (A), (B), (C)
Authors: Ahmad Javaid , Qureshi Zafar I. 
Published: March 2013

The Organizational Transformation Challenges at the State Bank of Pakistan case series pertains to a key institution that performs the role of the Central Bank in the country. On assuming the position of the Governor, SBP, in December 1999, Dr Ishrat Husain felt the need to turnaround this institution with a view to make it congruent with the requirements of a central bank in the twenty-first century. To realize this goal, he developed a concept paper by engaging all the key stakeholders both within and outside of the Bank. After following a rigorous process of discussions, deliberations and conferences, his concept paper was approved both from his management as well as from the Board. And finally, he presented the concept paper to the Cabinet headed by the President, who gave him the go-ahead for the execution of his plan. The cases in this series have three focal points: Identifying the challenges faced by the Bank and the designing of a strategy for change (Case A), Dr Husain’s detailed implementation plan (Case B) and finally the assessment of results of the turnaround plan at the end of his six-year tenure (Case C).
Options for Assisting Low Wage Earners
Authors: Ingles David , Oliver Ken 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA number of proposals for reducing unemployment in Australia focus on cuts or freezes in award wages. Typically, such proposals include (often vague) proposals to offset some of the distributional consequences by top-ups or other adjustments to the tax/transfer system. This paper examines the available options and concludes that, given the current structure of the social security system, there are serious obstacles to the most common ones such as the NIT or the EITC. There is a case for further reducing tax burdens on low wage earners, but options in this area tend to be very expensive and/or require targeting on a family needs basis
Finding a Role for Mediation in Workplace Disputes
Authors: Fells Ray 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn June, 1999, the Federal Coalition government proposed further reforms of the Australian industrial relations system. Included in this reform package were proposals for a Mediation Adviser to oversee the use of mediation in industrial relations. The paper critically examines these proposals. Data from a survey of WA practitioners indicates that the core elements of mediation are seen as self-responsibility and voluntariness which clearly distinguish it from the traditional processes of conciliation by the tribunal. However, there is also uncertainty over the nature of mediation and how it might operate in the context of, or as an alternative to, the present framework of dispute resolution. The government’s package of reforms, including those relating to mediation, were withdrawn but the interest in mediation remains. This paper suggests that rather than creating a new industrial relations agency (the Mediation Adviser), making provision for mediation by Industrial Commissioners with the parties still able to choose private mediation if they wish would achieve the desired policy objectives.
Changes in Industrial Structure in the Australian Construction Industry: Causes and Implications
Authors: Toner Phillip 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper examines changes in the firm-size and industrial structure of the private Australian construction industry that have occurred over the last two decades and assesses their causes and implications. The primary data source is ABS Construction Censuses. There has been significant change in the structure of production in the construction industry with a large decline in firm size and rapid growth of output and employment in the specialist sub-contractors segment. These changes are explained largely as a result of increased subcontracting and outsourcing by larger firms to smaller firms. The changes in firm-size and industrial structure have had an adverse effect on construction productivity; OH&S performance; skilled trade shortages and expenditures on innovation and R&D in the industry.
Unemployment is a Health Hazard: The Health Costs of Unemployment
Authors: Harris Elizabeth , Morrow Mary 
Published: March 2013

AbstractUnemployment is a health hazard. There is increasing Australian and international evidence that people who are unemployed are more likely to have higher rates of mortality, morbidity (illness) and use of health services. The large numbers of people who are unemployed mean that the impacts of unemployment are just not felt at individual or family level but across the population as a whole. This paper outlines the evidence of the impact of unemployment on health and discusses some of the ways in which these health problems could be addressed through reorientation of health services, developing the skills of people who are unemployed, strengthening community action, creating environments that support people who are unemployed and their families, and the development of public policy. It discusses some of the difficulties in undertaking research in this area and calls for a more systematic approach to understanding the cost of unemployment.
Placing Peak Union Purpose and Power: The Origins, Dominance and Decline of the Barrier Industrial Council
Authors: Ellem Bradon , Shields John 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article examines the power and purpose of union peak bodies, focussing on one particularly powerful organisation, the Barrier Industrial Council in Broken Hill. We argue that the power and purpose of all such bodies is multi-dimensional, historically contingent and spatially specific. The most illuminating studies conceptualise peak bodies as agents of mobilisation, with power delegated by affiliates, and of economic and political exchange, with power derived from a ‘structural coupling’ with the state and capital. However, there is a third possible peak body purpose: social regulation and, specifically, the regulation of labour and commodity markets. This was a conspicuous activity of the Barrier Industrial Council, underpinned by success in mobilisation and exchange and by ‘place consciousness’. Understanding the variety of potential power sources holds the key to explaining not only why some peak bodies command more power than others but also why there is so much variation in peak union focus and behaviour.
No Case to Answer: Productivity Performance of the Australian Construction Industry
Authors: Toner Phillip , Green Roy , Croce Nic , Mills Bob 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article examines the productivity performance of the Australian construction industry and identifies some of the key factors affecting productivity growth. It also critically assesses the recent Productivity Commission (1999) report on the construction industry. In particular, the article challenges the argument of the Productivity Commission that a high level of unionisation within the industry is adverse for productivity growth. Moreover, the recommendations of the Commission directed at increasing productivity within the industry are argued to exacerbate those structural features of the construction industry which impose a constraint on productivity growth. The primary data sources are national and international official economic data on the industry and a number of case studies of major city building projects undertaken by the authors. The study finds that the Australian construction industry is within the top three OECD countries in terms of construction output per person employed.
Welfare Reform, Work and the Labour Market
Authors: Saunders Peter 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe welfare reform debate is proceeding against a background of high unemployment and rising inequality. In Australia, the blueprint for reform of the social security system developed by the McClure Report is built around the notion of mutual obligation — the idea that those who receive support from government should be required to ‘give something back’. Public opinion is supportive of requiring mutual obligation of some groups of the unemployed, but it also supports the view that solving unemployment generally is the government’s responsibility. Although welfare reforms introduced in the US and UK have reduced the welfare rolls, their impact on wages and the labour market must also be considered. If welfare reform in Australia is to avoid the low wages and extreme poverty that are features of the US, welfare reform will need to be accompanied by reform of the labour market.
Explaining the Contraction in the Market for Private Health Insurance in Australia, 1989–1995
Authors: Barrett Garry F. , Conlon Robert 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe use data from the ABS National Health Surveys for 1989 and 1995 to assess if adverse selection is present as an influence on the proportions the ‘insurable population’ with health insurance (the ‘incidence of coverage’); and of those covered, the ‘risk composition’ of health fund membership. Further, we assess if any changes in these characteristics between the two surveys are consistent with a continuing process of adverse selection. The characteristics of the respective sample populations used in our evaluation include age and income distributions, health characteristics of various types, and behaviour that is known to incur health risks. Our findings suggest the presence of adverse selection in both 1989 and 1995, and in terms of the age distribution of membership and especially the number of health conditions suffered, changes composition of the health fund membership between the two surveys indicate the process of adverse selection accelerated over the period.
Tax Expenditures and Public Health Financing in Australia
Authors: Smith Julie 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAt various times in Australia’s recent history, the Commonwealth government has used the tax system to support its public health policy goals. Tax concessions to particular industries or groups of taxpayers cost the government the same as direct subsidies. However, the income distribution of these tax ‘carrots’ and ‘sticks’ has not previously been analysed. This study breaks new ground by examining how the benefits of tax concessions for health expenditures were distributed among taxpayer income groups in the four decades since 1960, and how this affects the progressivity of Australia’s system of funding health care. It is found that around half of the $2 billion tax subsidy for private health insurance accrues to the taxpayer group with the highest third of incomes.
Australian Labour Force Data: How Representative is the ‘Population Represented by the Matched Sample’?
Authors: Dixon Robert 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates two related matters. First, what proportion of the population is represented by the matched sample (i.e. by the gross flows data) in the Labour Force Survey, why is this proportion what it is and why does it vary over time? Second, given that around 20% of the population are not represented in the matched sample, how representative are labour market indices derived from the matched sample data and, if biases are present, what is the source and what are the implications of the bias?
Contracting Out: Promise and Performance
Authors: Quiggin John 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this paper, it is argued that the benefits of competitive tendering and contracting have been overestimated, and that many of the apparent benefits actually reflect transfers rather than efficiency gains. Moreover, if arrangements for competitive tendering and contracting yield an inappropriate allocation of risk, such policies can reduce welfare rather than enhancing it as is commonly claimed. A number of case studies are presented to illustrate the latter proposition. Finally, some recommendations are presented for improvements in policy with respect to competitive tendering and contracting.
Training Reform: Back to Square One?
Authors: Hampson Ian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA number of recent inquiries into Australia’s national training system have found it to be on the sick side. This article seeks the causes of this in the recent evolution of training policy, which commenced in the late 1980s. The article traces the demise of the first moderately interventionist National Training Reform Agenda, which union reformers played a role in shaping, through the increasing marketisation of training policy. Under the Liberal National Coalition, budget constraints and the short term interests of employers have increasingly driven training policy. The drift of policy is against the grain of prescriptions drawn from the international literature, which shows the need for interventionist measures to correct ‘market failure’, and to ensure adequate expenditure and the integrity of qualifications.
A Decade of Australian Economic Growth: Outcomes for the Labour Market
Authors: Stegman Trevor 
Published: March 2013

The aim of this paper is to consider some of the issues raised by three recently published books: Unemployment: The Tip of the Iceberg edited by Mitchell and Carlson; The Price of Prosperity, edited by Saunders and Taylor; Work Rich, Work Poor edited by Borland, Gregory and Sheehan (referred to here as MC, ST and BGS) analysing recent trends in the Australian Labour Market.For the decade since 1992, Australia has experienced a sustained rate of strong economic growth unprecedented in Australian economic history. This period of continuous strong growth in GDP has been accompanied by low inflation. (We might say that the low inflation has permitted the strong sustained growth because it has meant that the Reserve Bank of Australia has not seen the need over the period to impose the sort of draconian restrictive monetary policy of 1990-1.) The strong growth performance has been in the face of the Asian currency crisis from 1997, a recessed Japanese economy over the decade, slow growth in most of Europe, and some hesitations in the performance of the primary engine of world economic growth, the US economy.
Sisters Organising for Themselves: An Exploration of Women-Only Unions in Japan and South Korea
Authors: Broadbent Kaye 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAs early as the 1890s women in a diverse range of countries organised their own unions, some of which continue to the present. Almost a century later, women-only unions have been (re)-created in Japan and South Korea. Was this coincidence or a union organising strategy development in North Asia? What does the existence, and the contemporary formation, of women-only unions in Japan and South Korea mean? This preliminary study seeks to explore women-only unions and highlights women actively creating their own organisations in order to improve working conditions and provide women with a voice separate from the existing ‘malestream’ union movement which has largely ignored their concerns.
Asian Working Women and Agency: Their Voices
Authors: Caspersz Donella 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to discuss the challenges of organising women workers in Asia, and to discuss how trade unions can facilitate their more effective participation in these movements. The paper is primarily informed by research undertaken with Southern Initiative on Globalization and Trade Union Rights (SIGTUR). Formed in Perth, Western Australia in 1991 and made up of delegates from India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea, the Philippines, Hong Kong, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Brazil, the aim of SIGTUR is to promote collaborative activity by independent trade unions in the ‘South’ or rather countries within the Asia-Pacific. The paper highlights the effects of neo-liberalism on workers and develop appropriate international responses.
Reductions in Aggregate Unemployment as ‘A Free Lunch’
Authors: Dixon Robert 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper looks at the effects of changes in the age composition of the labour force on aggregate male and female unemployment rates. While it has been common to look at aggregate participation rate changes in terms of a weighted average over age groups this seems not to be the case for unemployment. We show in this paper that changes in the age composition of the labour force (driven mainly by changes in the age distribution of the population) has affected the aggregate unemployment rates in a systematic and, with hindsight, predictable manner. Amongst other things, we show that in the past decade or so, policy makers have benefited from a not inconsequential “free lunch” in that changes in the age composition of the labour force have been pulling the aggregate unemployment rates down below what it would otherwise be by around one percent of the labour force. We also show that this free lunch is now coming to an end.
Looking Back on Microeconomic Reform: A Sceptical Viewpoint
Authors: Quiggin John 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMicroeconomic reform dominated Australian economic policy from the early 1980s until the end of the 20th century. Despite strong claims of success, focusing on the economic expansion since 1992, and rapid productivity growth between 1993–94 and 1998–99, evidence of improvements in the performance of the economy as a whole is weak and inconclusive. For an adequate evaluation of the microeconomic reform period, it is necessary to distinguish several different phases of reform and to evaluate reforms on a case-by-case basis.
Flexitime and the Long-Hours Culture in the Public Sector: Causes and Effects
Authors: Peetz David , Allan Cameron 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThere has been a major international debate about the importance of work time change. One key aspect of this debate has been the extent and impact of extended work hours. In this paper we examine the effects of a flexitime system on excessive hours in a Queensland public service department. This study finds that, for some groups of workers, the introduction of the flexitime system directly contributed to the development of a long-hours culture. The long-hours culture developed as part of managerial prerogative and in the absence of adequate regulation. Our research also finds that employees reluctantly working long hours consistently reported negative effects on their working and non-working life.