bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preserved white matter integrity is a marker of familial longevity
Authors: Altmann‐Schneider Irmhild , de Craen Anton J. M. , Veer Ilya M. , van den Berg‐Huysmans Annette A. , Slagboom P. Eline , Westendorp Rudi G. J. , van Buchem Mark A. , van der Grond Jeroen ,   the Leiden Longevity Study Group
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveBrain tissue integrity is highly heritable, and its decline is a common phenomenon of ageing. This study aimed to determine whether the phenotype of familial longevity is marked by a relative preservation of brain tissue microstructure.MethodsParticipants were enrolled in the Leiden Longevity Study. In total, 185 middle‐aged to elderly offspring of nonagenarian siblings, who were enriched for familial factors of longevity, were contrasted with 171 environment‐ and age‐matched controls. All subjects underwent 3T whole brain magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging.ResultsVoxel‐wise analysis revealed widespread age‐related decrease of white matter fractional anisotropy and increases of axial, radial, and mean diffusivity (all p < 0.003). Offspring showed higher mean white matter fractional anisotropy (mean [standard error]: offspring, 0.3232 [0.0009]; controls, 0.3212 [0.0009]; p = 0.04) compared to control subjects independent of cardiovascular risk factors. When differences in white matter diffusion parameters between offspring and control subjects were assessed voxel‐wise, offspring showed higher white matter fractional anisotropy and lower white matter radial diffusivity predominantly in the callosal genu and body (both p < 0.003). With the effect of chronological age on white matter microstructure taken into account, offspring can be considered 4.5 years “biologically younger” compared to control subjects with regard to white matter integrity.InterpretationBoth middle‐aged to elderly offspring of nonagenarian siblings and control subjects show common age‐related decline of white matter integrity, but it is less marked in the callosal genu and body in the offspring. This corresponds to a biological age benefit of 4.5 years of the offspring as compared to the control subjects. Ann Neurol 2013;74:883–892
Coupled Enzymatic Alcohol‐to‐Amine Conversion of Isosorbide using Engineered Transaminases and Dehydrogenases
Authors: Lerchner Alexandra , Achatz Stefan , Rausch Christian , Haas Thomas , Skerra Arne 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA matching dehydrogenase and transaminase pair was engineered with regard to substrate recognition, catalytic activity, and cofactor specificity with the final goal to convert the bicyclic dialcohol isosorbide into a diamine by a multistep biocatalytic process. Individual catalytic turnover rates as well as coupled conversion to the amine were investigated for the enzymes in analytical assays that used the substrate isosorbide and different intermediates along the multiple pathway reaction cascade, in particular, stereoisomers of hydroxy ketones, amino alcohols, and amino ketones. For parallel screening and evaluation of mutant enzymes with regard to catalytic activities and optimal reaction conditions, a robotic platform was established that comprised all steps from bacterial protein expression to the enzymatic assay. As a result, we present a three‐enzyme system composed of L. aquatica levodione reductase, an engineered P. denitrificans ω‐aminotransferase, and B. subtilis alanine dehydrogenase that catalyzes formation of the isosorbide monoamine with a yield of up to ≈7 % under our analytical assay conditions. After further optimization and adaptation to whole‐cell catalysis, this enzyme system may open a biotechnologically attractive route to a structurally rigid diamine for the production of biosynthetic polymer materials.
Polymer‐ and Ionic Liquid‐Containing Palladium: Recoverable Soluble Cross‐Coupling Catalysts
Authors: Navalón Sergio , Álvaro Mercedes , García Hermenegildo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPhosphine, palladacycle, and N‐heterocyclic carbene palladium complexes are highly active homogeneous catalysts that can promote a wide range of CC and CN cross‐coupling reactions. An evolution from homogeneous catalysis has been to anchor these complexes in a platform in such a way that the catalytic reaction still occurs in homogeneous phase, but the palladium complex can be recovered at the end of the reaction and reused to promote consecutive reactions. In the present review we describe those strategies to develop palladium complexes anchored to soluble polymers and ionic liquids showing the advantages and limitations of this approach to develop recyclable palladium catalysts.
Fabrication of ZIF‐8@SiO2 Core–Shell Microspheres as the Stationary Phase for High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Fu Yan‐Yan , Yang Cheng‐Xiong , Yan Xiu‐Ping 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe unique features of high porosity, shape selectivity, and multiple active sites make metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) promising as novel stationary phases for high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, the wide particle size distribution and irregular shape of conventional MOFs lead to lower column efficiency of such MOF‐packed columns. Herein, the fabrication of monodisperse MOF@SiO2 core–shell microspheres as the stationary phase for HPLC to overcome the above‐mentioned problems is reported. Zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF‐8) was used as an example of MOFs due to its permanent porosity, uniform pore size, and exceptional chemical stability. Unique carboxyl‐modified silica spheres were used as the support to grow the ZIF‐8 shell. The fabricated monodisperse ZIF‐8@SiO2 packed columns (5 cm long × 4.6 mm i.d.) show high column efficiency (23 000 plates m−1 for bisphenol A) for the HPLC separation of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (bisphenol A, β‐estradiol, and p‐(tert‐octyl)phenol) and pesticides (thiamethoxam, hexaflumuron, chlorantraniliprole, and pymetrozine) within 7 min with good relative standard deviations for 11 replicate separations of the analytes (0.01–0.39, 0.65–1.7, 0.70–1.3, and 0.17–0.91 % for retention time, peak area, peak height, and half peak width, respectively). The ZIF‐8@SiO2 microspheres combine the advantages of the good column packing properties of the uniform monodisperse silica microspheres and the separation ability of the ZIF‐8 crystals.
PCy3‐Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Aziridinofullerenes with CO2 and Aryl Isocyanates: Evidence for a Two Consecutive Nucleophilic Substitution Pathway on the Fullerene Cage
Authors: Takeda Youhei , Kawai Hajime , Minakata Satoshi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA PCy3‐catalyzed ring‐expansion reaction of aziridine‐fused fullerenes (aziridinofullerenes) through the insertion of CO2 and aryl isocyanates is disclosed. The reaction allows for CO2 fixation by aziridinofullerenes, producing oxazolidinone‐fused fullerenes (oxazolidinofullerenes) in high yields, whereas treatment with aryl isocyanates led to a new fullerene family—imidazolidinone‐fused fullerenes (imidazolidinofullerenes)—in good to high yields. Furthermore, a mechanistically related unprecedented fullerenyl phosphonium salt was successfully isolated. Using the isolated salt, mechanistic studies were also investigated.
Establishing Consistent van der Waals Volumes of Polyatomic Ions from Crystal Structures
Authors: Beichel Witali , Eiden Philipp , Krossing Ingo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBased on temperature (T) dependent crystal structure data of seven organic salts, a radii‐based scheme for the calculation of the van der Waals volume (Vvdw) is analyzed. The obtained volumes (Vvdw,r, r=radius‐based) are nearly T independent. An ion volume partitioning scheme is proposed by fixing the anion volumes of [Cl]−, [Br]−, [I]−, [BF4]−, [PF6]−, [OTf]− and [NTf2]−. The van der Waals volumes (Vvdw,r+/−) of 48 ions are established, with low standard deviations (0.2–3.6 Å3, 0.1–4.5 % of Vvdw,r+/−). The ion volumes are independent of the counterion and one crystal structure already suffices for their derivation. Correlations of the viscosity with Vvdw,r via a Litovitz ansatz and our recently derived Arrhenius‐type approach prove that these volumes are suitable for the volume‐based description and prediction of IL properties. The corresponding correlation coefficient for the latter is R2=0.86 for 40 ILs (354 data points) in the T range of 253–373 K.
A new CAC and packet scheduling scheme for mobile WiMAX networks
Authors: Saddoud Ahlem , Fourati Lamia Chaari , Kamoun Lotfi 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTAs the wireless network technology evolves,IEEE802.16 standard, also known WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) appears as a great competitor to GSM, 3G, evenIEEE802.11 networks. The coverage of this technology is expanded up to 50 km. It is claimed to provide a transmission rate up to 70 Mbps while respecting the QoS (Quality of Service) mechanism. However, the call admission control (CAC), scheduling and bandwidth allocation mechanisms were not defined and left as an open issue. In this paper, we introduce a CAC scheme and a scheduling algorithm forIEEE802.16e MobileWIMAX. An efficient token bucket based CAC and uplink packet scheduling scheme is introduced in order to satisfy bandwidth guarantees to all service flow and delay guarantees to real time service flows. The proposed solution is practical and compatible to theIEEE802.16 standard as it provides the QoS of different traffic classes especially best effort traffic by avoiding its starvation as is specified in major previous works. An analytical model and simulation results are developed in order to validate the proposed CAC scheme and the scheduling algorithm. By numerical results, we show that our proposed scheme is compatible to theIEEE802.16 standard as it performs significantly the best effort traffic without violating QoS performance of other service classes.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system—a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Deckert Martina , Brunn Anna , Montesinos‐Rongen Manuel , Terreni Maria Rosa , Ponzoni Maurilio 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPrimary lymphoma of the central nervous system is a distinct diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma confined to the nervous system. Whereas classical cases can be classified easily, differential diagnosis can be a challenge in particular in patients who had received treatment prior to biopsy. In the differential diagnosis, other tumours and inflammatory diseases of autoimmune and infectious aetiology need to be considered. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopy can discriminate distinct glioma subtypes as defined by RNA expression profiling
Authors: Jachtenberg Jan‐Willem , Schut Tom Bakker , French Pim , Kros Max , Lamfers Martine , Leenstra Sieger 
Published: August 2013

Raman spectroscopy is a molecular spectroscopic technique that can measure the molecular composition of tissue samples within seconds without any extraction processes or dyes. In microbiology, Raman spectroscopy is used to identify bacteriae. In glioblastoma tissue, it was reported that necrosis, normal brain and tumor can be discriminated using Raman spectroscopy. Therefore, we hypothesized that Raman spectroscopy could discriminate glioblastoma tissue from different glioma subtypes defined by RNA expression profiling.We analyzed 20 glioma samples from two distinct molecular subtypes. Both subtypes consisted of glioblastoma samples showing a variety in glioma grading and typing.The Raman spectroscopic results could be grouped in two distinct clusters in an unsupervised cluster analysis. Further analysis of these clusters showed that they were fully congruent with the two clusters as defined by RNA expression profiling.Conclusion: our results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy can discriminate between different molecular subtypes of glioma and, therefore, may prove to be a valuable tool in in vitro cancer research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil Surface‐Active Fauna in Degraded and Restored Lands of Northeast Brazil
Authors: de Araújo Ademir Sérgio Ferreira , Eisenhauer Nico , Nunes Luís Alfredo Pinheiro Leal , Leite Luiz Fernando Carvalho , Cesarz Simone 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLand degradation reducing vegetation cover may affect the soil surface‐active fauna because both aboveground and belowground invertebrates depend on complex plant communities. In this study, we evaluated the effect of land degradation and restoration on soil fauna in northeast Brazil. Sites differed in degradation status: native vegetation, moderately degraded land, highly degraded land, and land under restoration for 4 years. Araneae and Coleoptera densities were significantly higher in natural vegetation and restored land (8 ± 4 ind./trap and 41 ± 21 ind./trap, respectively) than in degraded lands (−73% and −81%, respectively). The density of Formicidae was significantly higher in natural vegetation (206 ± 181 ind./trap) than in highly degraded land (32 ± 24 ind./trap), while restored land (51 ± 10 ind./trap) and moderately degraded land (37 ± 14 ind./trap) did not differ significantly from the other degradation levels. The density of Orthoptera did not follow the aforementioned patterns, while invertebrate groups mostly had highest densities in natural land and restored land. Linear regressions showed a strong negative relation between faunal density and soil bulk density, and a positive relation with soil organic matter due to an increase in plant cover. Our results indicate that land degradation simplifies soil surface‐active invertebrate communities with pronounced decreases in the density of Araneae, Coleoptera, and Formicidae, but that land restoration practices may recover the density of soil fauna even after only 4 years. Araneae, Coleoptera, and Formicidae respond sensitively to land degradation and restoration practice and are suggested as indicator groups for restoration success. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genome-wide Association Studies in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review
Authors: Tosto Giuseppe , Reitz Christiane 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Over the past decade, research aiming to disentangle the genetic underpinnings of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease has mostly focused on the identification of common variants through genome-wide association studies. The identification of several new susceptibility genes through these efforts has reinforced the importance of amyloid precursor protein and tau metabolism in the cause of the disease and has implicated immune response, inflammation, lipid metabolism, endocytosis/intracellular trafficking, and cell migration in the cause of the disease. Ongoing and future large-scale genome-wide association studies, translational studies, and next-generation whole genome or whole exome sequencing efforts, hold the promise to map the specific causative variants in these genes, to identify several additional risk variants, including rare and structural variants, and to identify novel targets for genetic testing, prevention, and treatment.
Loneliness trajectories
Authors: van Dulmen Manfred H.M. , Goossens Luc 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis special section brings together five studies using group‐based modeling to capture developmental trajectories of loneliness from age 7 through age 20. Together, the findings from these studies provide further evidence that developmental trajectories of loneliness are likely not best understood at a continuum but reflect distinct subpopulations that differ both where they start out and how they change over time in terms of mean levels of loneliness. Furthermore, adolescents who show chronically high loneliness or increasing loneliness over time exhibit poorer psychological and physical health, including greater incidence of depressive symptoms and more frequent suicide attempts. The findings from these studies also suggest that individuals experiencing increases in loneliness with age fare worse as well in terms of both physical and psychological health.
Beneficial effects of β-conglycinin on renal function and nephrin expression in early streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy rats
Authors: Yang Hsin-Yi , Wu Lin-Yi , Yeh Wan-Ju , Chen Jiun-Rong 
Published: August 2013

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of β-conglycinin and soya isoflavones on diabetic nephropathy (DN). DN was induced by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. DN rats were divided into a non-diabetic group (C, control group) and three DN groups (D, DN with control diet; B, DN+control diet with one-eighth of casein replaced by β-conglycinin as the protein source; and I, DN+control diet with 0·01 % soya isoflavones). After a 4-week experimental period, we found that fasting blood sugar and plasma and kidney advanced glycation end product levels and 24 h urinary protein excretion of the B group were significantly lower than those of the D group and insulin sensitivity and nephrin expression of the B group were significantly higher than those of the D group. In addition, systolic blood pressure, angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, angiotensin II level and plasma TAG level of the B group were significantly lower than those of the D group, whereas only the levels of plasma TAG and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances of the I group were lower than those of the D group. In conclusion, β-conglycinin may be beneficial for retarding DN progression and this effect cannot be completely explained by its isoflavone content.
Divisible Good Auctions with Asymmetric Information: An Experimental Examination
Authors: Morales-Camargo Emmanuel , Sade Orly , Schnitzlein Charles , Zender Jaime F. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAn experimental approach is used to compare bidding behavior and auction performance in uniform-price and discriminatory auctions when there is incomplete information concerning the common value of the auctioned good. In a symmetric information environment, the different auction formats provide the same average revenue. However, when information is asymmetric the discriminatory auction results in higher average revenue than the uniform-price auction. The volatility of revenue is higher in the uniform-price auctions in all treatments. The results, therefore, provide support for the use of the discriminatory format. Subject characteristics and measures of experience in recent auctions are found to be useful in explaining bidding behavior.
Exploring Japan's Ainu policy in the light of human rights law: a reply to the commentary on my papers from Dr. Naohiro Nakamura
Authors: Maruyama Hiroshi 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIn order to explore further Japan's Ainu policy, this reply firstly outlines the differences in opinions that between Dr. Nakamura and myself, and secondly addresses some of the main points of my paper published in this journal. Dr. Nakamura takes into consideration domestic circumstances instead of international human rights law, while I emphasise that Japan's international obligations lies in its adherence to international human rights law and that domestic law must conform to international obligations for the Ainu. My paper chronologically summarises Japan's post-war Ainu policy and investigates who and what has influenced this policy and the law.
Developing a framework for using E-portfolios as a research and assessment tool
Authors: Shin Sun-young 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAs Tarone (1998) stated, an understanding of interlanguage variation in relation to contextual changes has been a key issue in both second language acquisition (SLA) and language assessment (LA) research. Research on interlanguage variation has shown that systematic variation is often evidenced when different phonological and syntactic forms are examined across contexts. Such systematic variation has raised important questions about the distinction between competence and performance, and generalizability of results beyond the research elicitation tasks or test tasks in SLA and LA research. However, most previous studies that have examined this issue are based on cross-sectional data with a focus on between-group differences rather than within-individual differences across different contexts. Such limited data often make it difficult for researchers to understand individual developmental trends in interlanguage as well as to interpret context effects on the learner's spoken and written language data. Electronic (E)-portfolios may address this limitation by serving as a valuable research and assessment tool for collecting and storing an individual learner's language samples obtained across different tasks over time. The technology may also enhance the situational and interactional authenticity of tasks by including multi-media input and constructed response tasks. However, it is not clear how tasks in E-portfolios can be constructed to represent various linguistic and situational contexts, and how they could be systematically evaluated and scored. In that vein, this article addresses a number of limitations of existing E-portfolios as a research and assessment tool, and offers recommendations and suggestions for future research.
Increase in Psychotropic Drug Deliveries after the Xynthia Storm, France, 2010
Authors: Motreff Yvon , Pirard Philippe , Goria Sarah , Labrador Boris , Gourier-Fréry Claire , Nicolau Javier , Le Tertre Alain , Chan-Chee Christine 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIntroductionDuring the night of February 27 and the early morning of February 28, 2010, 15 coastal municipalities situated in two French departments, Vendée and Charente-Maritime, were violently stricken by a severe windstorm named “Xynthia.” This storm caused the death of 12 individuals in Charente-Maritime and 29 people in Vendée. Houses, agricultural fields, and shellfish companies were severely flooded with seawater. Several thousand people temporarily had to leave their homes. The objective of this study was to estimate the short-term mental health impact of Xynthia, in terms of psychotropic drug delivery, on the resident population of the 15 coastal municipalities severely hit by the flooding.MethodsThe French national health insurance database was used to calculate a daily number of new psychotropic treatments from September 1, 2008 through December 24, 2010. New treatments were calculated for each of the following European Pharmaceutical Marketing Research Association (EphMRA) classes: tranquilizers (N05C), hypnotics (N05B), and antidepressants (N06A). A period of three weeks following the storm was defined as the exposure period. A generalized additive model with a Poisson distribution that allows for over-dispersion was used to analyze the correlation between the Xynthia variable and the number of new psychotropic treatments.ResultsWith a relative risk (RR) of 1.54 (95% CI, 1.39-1.62) corresponding to an estimate of 409 new deliveries of psychotropic drugs during the three weeks following the storm, this study confirms the importance of the psychological impact of Xynthia. This impact is seen on all three classes of psychotropic drugs studied. The impact is greater for tranquilizers (RR of 1.78; 95% CI, 1.59-1.89) than for hypnotics (RR of 1.53; 95% CI, 1.31-1.67) and antidepressants (RR of 1.26; 95% CI, 1.06-1.40). The RR was higher for females than for males.ConclusionThis study shows the importance of the psychological impact of the storm as observed clinically by health workers who intervened in the field during the aftermath of Xynthia. It confirms that administrative databases can be used to show a health impact of a disaster even at a local level. This is one more step in the direction of a comprehensive strategy of collecting information to allow the assessment of the health impact of an extreme event, the detection of vulnerable populations, and the orientation of the short-, mid- and long-term public health response.MotreffY, PirardP, GoriaS, LabradorB, Gourier-FréryC, NicolauJ, Le TertreA, Chan-CheeC. Increase in psychotropic drug deliveries after the Xynthia storm, France, 2010. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(5):1-6.