bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Assessment of Cases Experienced during Inpatient Family Medicine Resident Training in a Rural Community Hospital of the Shizuoka Family Medicine Training Program in Japan
Authors: Tsunawaki Shinji , Inoue Machiko , Fetters Michael D. 
Published: October 2015

Background: Despite emerging national interest in training family physicians to improve access to medical services in health care shortage areas, empirical data on inpatient resident learning experiences in rural community settings has been lacking. This research sought to understand the breadth of diagnoses, patient demographics, and comorbidities experienced by family medicine residents while training in a newly launched family medicine training program in a rural area in Shizuoka prefecture.Methods: The design employed secondary dataset analysis from a 260‐bed hospital in rural Shizuoka. Using the hospital administrative database, a dataset was developed of all patient admissions from 9/1/2011 to 8/31/2012 including the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) code, patient age and gender, and the physician of record. The main outcome measures were frequency and distribution of diagnostic groups and diagnoses in family medicine residents. Secondary outcomes included three or more comorbidities and hospital readmissions.Results: There were 3474 admissions (males/females 1867/1607) and 8 residents who were the physician of record for 220 cases (mean 27.5 cases/resident, range 10–56), about 6.3% of the total hospital admissions during this timeframe. The mean age of resident cases was 71 years of age (range 0–101 years). Distribution by diagnostic groups included: gastrointestinal (61), pulmonary (41), cardiovascular (28), and neurological (25). The most common diagnoses included: pneumonia (34), congestive heart failure (21), stroke (16), intestinal obstruction (15), and urinary tract infection (10). Seventy‐seven percent (170/220) of cases had one or more comorbidities and 36% of cases had three or more comorbidities which were significantly less than hospital as a whole (46% of cases with three or more comorbidities).Conclusions: The community hospital setting provides an excellent training environment for family medicine residents because the setting and the care experienced reflects content of what the training program aspires for the residents to provide in the future. Community hospital training serves policy maker's agenda for developing a systematic primary care training system appropriate for health care shortage area community‐based care.
Cheese whey tangential filtration using tubular mineral membranes
Authors: Hinkova Andrea , Bubnik Zdenek , Henke Svatopluk , Pour Vladimir , Zidova Petra , Sarka Evzen , Hassan Nazih , Kadlec Pavel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMembrane separation techniques are extensively used in dairy industry both for milk and cheese whey processing. However, cheese whey might still be considered as a problematic waste despite its high content of many valuable substances, such as proteins, lactose or minerals, which can be further used, e.g. in human nutrition, pharmacy or biotechnologies. Another problem, which food technologists have to face, is variable quality, composition and properties of food materials bringing high demands on manufacturing industry. In this paper, filtration kinetics and separation efficiency during purification and fractionation of cheese whey (sweet and salty) from Czech dairies by pilot-plant filtration (Bollene, France) was studied using tubular membranes (Membralox, USA). Various mineral membranes’ cut-offs were tested and all experiments ran in the retentate recycling mode. The obtained mass concentration factors were between 1.9 and 16.5. Steady state fluxes were calculated from the experimental data using a mathematical model. Fine ultrafiltration on a 5 kDa membrane gave steady state fluxes of 14-19 L m
Synthesis and properties of new N,N′-phenyltetrazole podand
Authors: Pazik Agnieszka , Kamińska Beata , Skwierawska Anna , Nakonieczna Sandra , Ossowski Tadeusz 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of a new chromogenic N,N′-phenyltetrazole receptor is reported here. The cationbinding properties of this receptor in solution were investigated by naked-eye colour change, electrochemical methods and UV-Vis spectroscopy in various solvents (CH
Contaminant transfer and hydrodispersiveparameters in basaltic lava flows: artificial tracertest and implications for long-term management
Authors: Bertrand G. , Celle-Jeanton H. , Huneau F. , Baillieux A. , Mauri G. , Lavastre V. , Undereiner G. , Girolami L. , Moquet J.S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the vulnerabilityafter point source contamination and characterizewater circulations in volcanic flows located in theArgnat basin volcanic system (Chaîne des Puys, FrenchMassif Central) using a tracer test performed by injectinga iodide solution. The analysis of breakthrough curves allowedthe hydrodispersive characteristics of the massivelava flows to be determined. Large Peclet numbers indicateda dominant advective transport. The multimodal featureof breakthrough curves combined with high valuesof mean velocity and low longitudinal dispersion coefficientsindicated thatwater flows in an environment analogousto a fissure system, and only slightly interacts with alow porosity matrix (ne < 1%). Combining this informationwith lava flow stratigraphy provided by several drillingsallowed a conceptual scheme of potential contaminant behaviourto be designed. Although lava flows are vulnerableto point source pollution due to the rapid transfer of waterwithin fractures, the saturated scoriaceous layers locatedbetween massive rocks should suffice to strongly bufferthe transit of pollution through dilution and longer transittimes. This was consistent with the low recovery rate ofthe presented tracer test.
Contemporary sedimentation in the forefield of Hornbreen,Hornsund
Authors: Staszek Monika W. , Moskalik Mateusz J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The paper presents a model of contemporarysedimentation in the forefield of Hornbreen, tidewaterglacier in Brepollen. The model is based on the results ofgrain-size analyses of bottom sediments and the informationabout dominant sedimentary processes in glaciatedfjords. It is concluded that apart from the tidewater glacierwhich is the main source of sediment in this area, the materialis transported also from the shores. Subsequently,the material is redeposited by iceberg-caused reworking,slides and gravity flows. Strong decreasing trend of particles’diameters with increasing distance from the ice cliffis observed.
Preliminary seismic microzonation in a mountainmunicipality of Tuscany (Italy)
Authors: Matassoni L. , Fiaschi A. , Silengo M. C. , Lotti A. , Saccorotti G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paperwe describe a microzonation surveycarried out at a mountain Municipality (Piteglio, NorthernApennines). We complemented the available data by conducting106 microtremor measurements for Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) analysis. Most of the dataconcern the three major rural villages (Piteglio-Prataccio,Popiglio and Prunetta). Furthermore, we installed a fieldmobile seismic station at two of the major villages, in orderto obtain earthquakes recordings.The HVSR analysis shows amplification effects due to eluvialor colluvial deposits overlying the seismic bedrock,even for areas previously mapped as bedrock outcrops.Most zones characterized by sandstone outcrops showpeaked HVSR traces. This observation could be also interpretedin terms of a topographic effect. In contrast, areascharacterised by chaotic materials (olistostrome) generallyexhibit a flat HVSR. Other areas of seismic amplificationwere identified on alluvial and landslide deposits.Results byHVSR analysis arewell correlated with availabledata from geo-technical and geophysical surveys, thus allowingto invert HVSRs for the physical properties of thesubsoil. Subsoil properties can thus be extrapolated alsoin areas for which only measurements of seismic noise areavailable. Moreover, noise HVSRs agree well with thosefrom earthquakes recorded at the different selected sites.
Petrology and mineral chemistry of peraluminous Marziyan granites, Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt (NW Iran)
Authors: Darvishi Esmaiel , Khalili Mahmoud , Beavers Roy , Sayari Mohammad 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Marziyan granites are located in the north of Azna and crop out in the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt. These rocks contain minerals such as quartz, K-feldspars, plagioclase, biotite, muscovite, garnet, tourmaline and minor sillimanite. The mineral chemistry of biotite indicates Fe-rich (siderophyllite), low TiO2, high Al2O3, and low MgO nature, suggesting considerable Al concentration in the source magma. These biotites crystallized from peraluminous S-type granite magma belonging to the ilmenite series. The white mica is rich in alumina and has muscovite composition. The peraluminous nature of these rocks is manifested by their remarkably high SiO2, Al2O3and high molar A/CNK (> 1.1) ratio. The latter feature is reflected by the presence of garnet and muscovite. All field observations, petrography, mineral chemistry and petrology evidence indicate a peraluminous, S-type nature of the Marziyan granitic rocks that formed by partial melting of metapelite rocks in the mid to upper crust possibly under vapour-absent conditions. These rocks display geochemical characteristics that span the medium to high-K and calc-alkaline nature and profound chemical features typical of syn-collisional magmatism during collision of the Afro-Arabian continental plate and the Central Iranian microplate.
On the peritidal cycles and their diagenetic evolution in the Lower Jurassic carbonates of the Calcare Massiccio Formation (Central Apennines)
Authors: Brandano Marco , Corda Laura , Tomassetti Laura , Testa Davide 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This paper shows the environmental changes and high-frequency cyclicity recorded by Lower Jurassic shallow-water carbonates known as the Calcare Massiccio Formation which crop out in the central Apennines of Italy. Three types of sedimentary cycle bounded by subaerial erosion have been recognized: Type I consists of a shallowing upward cycle with oncoidal floatstones to rudstones passing gradationally up into peloidal packstone alternating with cryptoalgal laminites and often bounded by desiccation cracks and pisolitic-peloidal wackestones indicating a period of subaerial exposure. Type II shows a symmetrical trend in terms of facies arrangement with peloidal packstones and cryptoalgal laminites present both at the base and in the upper portion of the cycle, separated by oncoidal floatstones to rudstones. Type III displays a shallowing upward trend with an initial erosion surface overlain by oncoidal floatstones to rudstones that, in turn, are capped by pisolitic-peloidal wackestones and desiccation sheet cracks. Sheet cracks at the top of cycles formed during the initial phase of subaerial exposure were successively enlarged by dissolution during prolonged subaerial exposure. The following sea-level fall produced dissolution cavities in subtidal facies, while the successive sea-level rise resulted in the precipitation of marine cements in dissolution cavities. Spectral analysis revealed six peaks, five of which are consistent with orbital cycles. While a tectonic control cannot be disregarded, the main signal recorded by the sedimentary succession points toward a main control related to orbital forcing. High frequency sea-level fluctuations also controlled diagenetic processes.
Depositional environment, organic matter characterization and hydrocarbon potential of Middle Miocene sediments from northeastern Bulgaria (Varna-Balchik Depression)
Authors: Zdravkov Alexander , Bechtel Achim , Ćorić Stjepan , Sachsenhofer Reinhard F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe depositional environments and hydrocarbon potential of the siliciclastic, clayey and carbonate sediments from the Middle Miocene succession in the Varna-Balchik Depression, located in the south-eastern parts of the Moesian Platform, were studied using core and outcrop samples. Based on the lithology and resistivity log the succession is subdivided from base to top into five units. Siliciclastic sedimentation prevailed in the lower parts of units I and II, whereas their upper parts are dominated by carbonate rocks. Unit III is represented by laminated clays and biodetritic limestone. Units IV and V are represented by aragonitic sediments and biomicritic limestones, correlated with the Upper Miocene Topola and Karvuna Formations, respectively. Biogenic silica in the form of diatom frustules and sponge spicules correlates subunit IIa and unit III to the lower and upper parts of the Middle Miocene Euxinograd Formation. Both (sub)units contain organic carbon contents in the order of 1 to 2 wt. % (median: 0.8 for subunit IIa; 1.3 for unit III), locally up to 4 wt. %. Based on Hydrogen Index values (HI) and alkane distribution pattern, the kerogen is mainly type II in subunit IIa (average HI= 324 mg HC/g TOC) and type III in unit III (average HI ~200 mg HC/g TOC). TOC and Rock Eval data show that subunit IIa holds a fair (to good) hydrocarbon generative potential for oil, whereas the upper 5 m of unit III holds a good (to fair) potential with the possibility to generate gas and minor oil. The rocks of both units are immature in the study area. Generally low sulphur contents are probably due to deposition in environments with reduced salinity. Normal marine conditions are suggested for unit III. Biomarker composition is typical for mixed marine and terrestrial organic matter and suggests deposition in dysoxic to anoxic environments.
Order Estimation of Japanese Paragraphs by Supervised Machine Learning and Various Textual Features
Authors: Murata Masaki , Ito Satoshi , Tokuhisa Masato , Ma Qing 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a method to estimate the order of paragraphs by supervised machine learning. We use a support vector machine (SVM) for supervised machine learning. The estimation of paragraph order is useful for sentence generation and sentence correction. The proposed method obtained a high accuracy (0.84) in the order estimation experiments of the first two paragraphs of an article. In addition, it obtained a higher accuracy than the baseline method in the experiments using two paragraphs of an article. We performed feature analysis and we found that adnominals, conjunctions, and dates were effective for the order estimation of the first two paragraphs, and the ratio of new words and the similarity between the preceding paragraphs and an estimated paragraph were effective for the order estimation of all pairs of paragraphs.
Protective effects of forced exercise against nicotine-induced anxiety, depression and cognition impairment in rat
Authors: Motaghinejad Majid , Fatima Sulail , Karimian Morteza , Ganji Saeid 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background: Nicotine is one of the psychostimulant agents displaying parasympathomimetic activity; the chronic neurochemical and behavioral effects of nicotine remain unclear. Exercise lowers stress and anxiety and can act as a non-pharmacologic neuroprotective agent. In this study, the protective effects of exercise in nicotine withdrawal syndrome-induced anxiety, depression, and cognition impairment were investigated.

Methods: Seventy adult male rats were divided randomly into five groups. Group 1 served as negative control and received normal saline (0.2 mL/rat, i.p.) for 30 days, whereas group 2 (as positive control) received nicotine (6 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for the first 15 days. Groups 4, 5, and 6 were treated with nicotine (6 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for the first 15 days and then were treated with forced exercise, bupropion (20 mg/kg/day, i.p.), or a combination of the two for the following 15 days. Between day 25 and day 30, Morris water maze was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory. From days 31 to 35, the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), forced swim test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST) were used to investigate the level of anxiety and depression in the subjects.

Results: Nicotine-dependent animals indicated a reflective depression and anxiety in a dose-dependent manner in FST, EPM, and TST, which were significantly different from the control group and also can significantly attenuate the motor activity and anxiety in OFT.

Conclusions: Forced exercise, bupropion, or their combination can attenuate nicotine cessation-induced anxiety, depression, and motor activity in the mentioned behavioral assay. We conclude that forced exercise can protect the brain against nicotine withdrawal-induced anxiety, depression, and cognitive alteration.
Securitizing Narcotics: The Politics and Prospects of Russian Counterdrug Policies
Authors: Galeotti Mark 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRussia is suffering from a serious and worsening challenge from narcotics, with 6% of the population using or addicted to drugs, which is also leading to a growing public health crisis. A particular problem is the growing availability of heroin from Afghanistan, with Russia an increasingly important transit country, as well as market. Efforts to control this have been severely limited by issues of resourcing, political will and turf wars between security agencies. Russia’s growing economic problems have also led to a need for liquidity on the part of many financial institutions that leads them to turn a blind eye to dirty money. However, the fundamental issues are that the Kremlin regards this as a nationalist, securitized and moral problem. The influx of Afghan heroin reflects at best Western failure and at worse a malign attempt to damage Russia. This needs to be considered a security threat and is therefore best addressed through interdiction and punitive measures rather than harm reduction and civil outreach, especially because drug addiction is considered a moral rather than a medical issue. Thus, Russia needs to adopt a more inclusive and comprehensive strategy that balances policing with treatment, prevention and harm reduction methods, in partnership with local governments, communities and NGOs, as well as foreign partners. Not only must law enforcement cooperation not continue to be a hostage to geopolitical rivalries, but policy over Afghanistan needs to be about encouraging productive efforts to reduce production rather than using the issue as a means to asserting regional hegemony.
A Slow March from Social Evil to Harm Reduction: Drugs and Drug Policy in Vietnam
Authors: Windle James 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The suppression of drug consumption and trade is high on the Government of Vietnam’s agenda. To accomplish this goal, Vietnam employs repressive policies that often contravene international human rights law. Among the most detrimental and problematic policies are the incarceration of drug users in compulsory treatment centers, and the stigmatization and abuse of consumers by the police. Vietnamese drug policy is, however, slowly changing in the face of one of Asia’s worst ongoing HIV epidemics. While the Communist Government of the early-1990s designated illicit drugs as a “social evil” to be eradicated through punitive and often repressive means, the recent implementation of harm reduction approaches have reduced the level of needle sharing, and thus HIV transmission. This briefing will explore the current trends in drug consumption, production, and trafficking before looking at the key harms and threats associated with drugs in Vietnam. This will be followed by a summary of Vietnam’s drug policies, including the country’s approach to drug treatment, harm reduction, and illicit opium suppression: Vietnam is one of a small number of states to have suppressed illicit opium production, an intervention that centred upon coercive negotiations with limited alternative development. The briefing will conclude with some tentative recommendations for reform and thoughts on what could be expected from Vietnam during the Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly on the World Drug Problem (UNGASS 2016).
GRACE-derived ice-mass loss spread over Greenland
Authors: Nahavandchi H. , Joodaki G. , Schwarz V. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
(GRACE) monthly satellite data is used to examine the extent
and magnitude of Greenland ice sheet melting for
2003-2012. We show that the well documented Greenland
ice mass loss in the southern region spread to northwest
Greenland in the period from2007 to 2010 and 2010 to 2012
by estimating ice mass variability over time in Greenland.
The ice-mass melting is estimated to –183±11 Gt/yr. This estimation
means that Greenland is still losing much more
ice than gained, and continuing to contribute to global
sea level rise in a warming world. Unlike other recent
studies, our method employs a non-isotropic filter. A nonisotropic
filter is used to decorrelate the GRACE data, since
the GRACE noise structure has a non-isotropic nature.
Simplified Analytical Methods to Analyze Lock Gates Submitted to Ship Collisions and Earthquakes
Authors: Buldgen Loic , Bela Andreea , Philippe Rigo 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This paper presents two simplified analytical methods to analyze lock gates submitted to two different accidental loads. The case of an impact involving a vessel is first investigated. In this situation, the resistance of the struck gate is evaluated by assuming a local and a global deforming mode. The super-element method is used in the first case, while an equivalent beam model is simultaneously introduced to capture the overall bending motion of the structure. The second accidental load considered in this paper is the seismic action, for which an analytical method is presented to evaluate the total hydrodynamic pressure applied on a lock gate during an earthquake, due account being taken of the fluid-structure interaction. For each of these two actions, numerical validations are presented and the analytical results are compared to finite-element solutions.
Analysis of GNSS Data Using Precise Point Positioning Technique for the Determination of Permanent Station in Romania
Authors: Nistor Sorin , Buda Aurelian Stelian 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
To obtain the coordinates by means of precise point positioning (PPP) technique we need to use the undifferenced GPS pseudocode and carrier phase observations but to obtain the “precise” positioning we need precise orbit and clock data too. This products and other information for obtaining the results by using PPP technique on a centimeter level accuracy can be downloaded from different locations, but the most reliable satellite ephemerides and clock correction are available from International GNSS Service (IGS).
In the PPP analysis we determined the parameters such as the receiver clock error, ionospheric delays code biases, code multipath and the total neutral atmosphere delay of the observations. For the determination of the permanent station coordinates, using the PPP technique, we used precise orbit and clock solutions to enable absolute positioning of a single receiver.
In this article we present the results obtained by using the PPP technique on the permanent station Oradea, from which we can conclude that the PPP technique can be used for different GNSS application.