bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano‐Sicherheitsstudien – was sagen sie aus?
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDurch staatlich geförderte Forschungsprogramme sind viele Sicherheitsstudien mit synthetisch hergestellten Nanomaterialien durchgeführt worden, deren Ergebnisse sich oft widersprechen. Kann eine Metastudie trotz qualitativer Unterschiede der Studien herausfiltern, wie Nanoteilchen aufgenommen werden und wie sie wirken?
Aromakapseln
Authors: Fischer‐Henningsen Doris 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDie kontrollierte und verzögerte Freisetzung von Riechstoffen ist eine wichtige Strategie in der funktionellen Parfümerie [1]. Sie lässt unsere Wäsche länger frisch duften oder auch unsere Haut und Haare. Dies gelingt meist mit geruchlosen Riechstoffvorstufen, die bei milden Bedingungen unter Spaltung einer kovalenten Bindung den Duftstoff nach und nach freisetzen. Eine Variante dieser Strategie ist es, die Duftstoffe in Mikrokapseln einzuschließen. Ein Team der Schweizer Firma Firmenich SA stellte einen neuen Typ Mikrokapseln vor, der seine Inhaltsstoffe bei UVA‐Bestrahlung freigibt [2].
Filamentation Instability in a Current‐Carrying Plasma in the Presence of Quantum Effects
Authors: Khorashadizadeh S.M. , Taghadosi M.R. , Niknam A.R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe filamentation instability of a current‐carrying plasma under the diffusion condition is investigated taking into account the Bohm potential and the Fermi electron pressure. Using quantum hydrodynamic equations, the dispersion relation and growth rate of the instability is obtained. It is found that the filamentation instability, in the presence of quantum effects, depends on various characteristic parameters such as: electron Fermi velocity, plasma number density, ion thermal velocity and electron drift velocity. Moreover, the wavelength region in which the instability occurs is more restricted and the minimum size of filaments is larger, in comparison with the classical case. It is also found that the growth rate of the instability is smaller in the presence of quantum effects. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Method of Separation of Polydisperse Particles in the Plasma of Radio‐Frequency Discharge
Authors: Batryshev D. G. , Ramazanov T. S. , Dosbolayev M. K. , Gabdullin M. T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA method of separation of polydisperse dust particles in the plasma of radio‐frequency (RF) capacitive discharge is considered. Investigations of plasma equipotential field enabled us to determine conditions for separation of polydisperse dust particles. The simplicity of the technology made it possible to obtain small dispersed particles of different materials. Samples of small dispersed microparticles of silica and alumina were obtained. The size and chemical composition of samples were examined using a Quanta 3D 200i scanning electron microscope (SEM, FEI, USA). The average size of separated silica nanoparticles was 600 nm, that of silica and alumina microparticles was 5 μm. Two separation methods were developed: the first one used a special trap and shape of the bottom electrode of RF discharge (for separation of microparticles) and the second used an electrical trap (for separation of nanoparticles). The graphs of particle size distribution were constructed using graphical and mathematical calculations. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamic Collision Frequency in Kelbg‐Pseudopotential‐Modelled Plasmas and the Method of Moments with Local Constraints
Authors: Arkhipov Yu.V. , Askaruly A. , Dubovtsev D.Yu. , Erimbetova L.T. , Tkachenko I.M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe dense plasma dynamic collision frequency is modeled by the first two terms of its asymptotic expansion at high frequencies and its values at a few interpolation points on the real axis. This makes the dynamic collision frequency a non‐rational function whose extension onto the upper half‐plane of the complex frequency is holomorphic with a non‐negative imaginary part and with a continuous extension to the real axis. The validity of the suggested analytic form of the latter is tested against the simulation data, where the Kelbg effective potential was used. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Techniques to improve detection and analysis of extracellular vesicles using flow cytometry
Authors: Inglis Heather C. , Danesh Ali , Shah Avani , Lacroix Jacques , Spinella Philip C. , Norris Philip J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) range in size from 50 nm to 1 µm. Flow cytometry (FCM) is the most commonly used method for analyzing EVs; however, accurate characterization of EVs remains challenging due to their small size and lack of discrete positive populations. Here we report the use of optimization techniques that are especially well‐suited for analyzing EVs from a high volume of clinical samples. Utilizing a two pronged approach that included 1) pre‐filtration of antibodies to remove aggregates, followed by 2) detergent lysis of a replicate sample to account for remaining false positive events, we were able to effectively limit false positive non‐EV events. In addition, we show that lysed samples are a useful alternative to isotypes for setting gates to exclude background fluorescence. To reduce background, we developed an approach using filters to “wash” samples post‐staining thus providing a faster alternative to ultracentrifugation and sucrose gradient fractionation. In conclusion, use of these optimized techniques enhances the accuracy and efficiency of EV detection using FCM. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Power allocation in vector estimation systems with the impact of wireless channel uncertainty
Authors: Liu XiangLi , Li Zan , Liu XiangYang , Wang Jianhuan 
Published: April 2015

SummaryMotivated by the fact that wireless channel uncertainty always exists and influences the distributed estimation system, this paper proposes power allocation schemes for linear minimum mean square error estimation. We consider training‐based vector systems and investigate how the power allocation ratio between training and transmitting is influenced by the system information, assuming that the sum of training and data transmitting power is fixed. We propose to use the average mean square error as the distortion measure so as to fulfill the statistical characteristics of channel estimation. We derive the closed‐form solutions to the optimal power allocation ratio, which is the function of system parameters, such as the vector signal's size, channel covariance, and noise covariance. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed methods. Simulation results show that (i) in vector estimation system, the power allocation set to be 0.5 is usually not optimal; (ii) compared with training based, the equal power allocation system, the newly proposed methods could significantly improve the estimation performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence and weight trajectories of binge eating disorder among young women in the community
Authors: Mustelin Linda , Raevuori Anu , Hoek Hans Wijbrand , Kaprio Jaakko , Keski‐Rahkonen Anna 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the population prevalence and incidence of binge eating disorder (BED) among young women.MethodIn a nationwide longitudinal study of Finnish twins born 1975–1979, the women participated in five surveys from age 16 until their mid‐thirties. At Wave 4 (mean age 24 years), the women (N = 2,825) underwent a 2‐stage screening for eating disorders. We assessed the lifetime prevalence, incidence, and clinical characteristics of DSM‐5 BED.ResultsWe detected 16 women who met DSM‐5 criteria for BED, yielding a lifetime prevalence of 0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4–1.2%). The incidence of BED among women between 10 and 24 years of age was 35 (95% CI 20–60) per 100,000 person‐years. The mean age of onset of BED was 19 years (range 13–27 years). Of the cases, 13/16 (81%) were currently ill. Duration of illness at the time of assessment ranged from less than a year to 13 years (median 6 years). Of women with BED, only two had a history of other eating disorders, but six had lifetime major depressive disorder. Two‐thirds of the women with BED belonged to the highest weight quartile at age 16, and their mean BMI at age 22–27 year was 26.2 kg/m2 (range 22.1–32.5 kg/m2).DiscussionIncident BED as defined by DSM‐5 was relatively rare among younger women and was often preceded by relative overweight. BED often occurred without a history of other eating disorders, but comorbidity with major depressive disorder was common. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1106–1112).
Seaweed fails to prevent ocean acidification impact on foraminifera along a shallow‐water CO2 gradient
Authors: Pettit Laura R. , Smart Christopher W. , Hart Malcolm B. , Milazzo Marco , Hall‐Spencer Jason M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOcean acidification causes biodiversity loss, alters ecosystems, and may impact food security, as shells of small organisms dissolve easily in corrosive waters. There is a suggestion that photosynthetic organisms could mitigate ocean acidification on a local scale, through seagrass protection or seaweed cultivation, as net ecosystem organic production raises the saturation state of calcium carbonate making seawater less corrosive. Here, we used a natural gradient in calcium carbonate saturation, caused by shallow‐water CO2 seeps in the Mediterranean Sea, to assess whether seaweed that is resistant to acidification (Padina pavonica) could prevent adverse effects of acidification on epiphytic foraminifera. We found a reduction in the number of species of foraminifera as calcium carbonate saturation state fell and that the assemblage shifted from one dominated by calcareous species at reference sites (pH ~8.19) to one dominated by agglutinated foraminifera at elevated levels of CO2 (pH ~7.71). It is expected that ocean acidification will result in changes in foraminiferal assemblage composition and agglutinated forms may become more prevalent. Although Padina did not prevent adverse effects of ocean acidification, high biomass stands of seagrass or seaweed farms might be more successful in protecting epiphytic foraminifera.
A Method of Voltage Unbalance Compensation in a Y‐Connected Modular Multilevel Converter
Authors: Kikuma Toshiaki , Takasaki Masahiro 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYA STATCOM is expected to be suitable for use as voltage control equipment for a distribution system that needs to be controlled to suppress the voltage deviation caused by an increase in the number of photovoltaic energy sources. A Y‐connected MMC is a promising alternative for the STATCOM circuit topology. However, it is known that the Y‐connected MMC cannot achieve capacitor voltage balance between phases with unbalance current output in order to compensate system voltage unbalance. To solve this problem, we propose a novel method to control the capacitor voltage for unbalance current output. The proposed control involves feedforward and feedback zero sequence voltage control. The feedforward control prevents capacitor voltage unbalance between phases, which is caused by the unbalance current that the Y‐connected MMC outputs. The feedback control cancels the remaining control error of the feedforward control. We verified the performance of this control through transient simulation. The Y‐connected MMC with the proposed control can realize capacitor voltage balance between phases even when the Y‐connected MMC outputs an unbalance current. Additionally, we determined the maximum unbalance current output produced by the Y‐connected MMC in relation to the rated capacitor voltage.
Power Flow Adjustment Planning Using Phase Shifting Transformers for Long‐Term Generation Outages
Authors: Ogahara Ryuichi , Kawaura Yuki , Iwamoto Shinichi , Kamikawa Naohiro , Namba Masayuki 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYHigh growth in electricity demand during the period of Japan's bubble economy resulted in the construction of many power transmission facilities, including some loop systems. In some loop systems, there is a possibility of considerable power flow differences between heavy and light loads. Significant changes in the power system, such as from damage due to a natural disaster, would likely result in even larger differences and ineffective use of the loop system. Phase shifting transformers (PSTs) are highly efficient equipment for solving such power flow problems and some studies of operation methods using active power flow sensitivity (APFS) have been carried out. Calculating APFS, however, requires using the dc method. Since doing so requires the fulfillment of several assumptions, errors may appear in the calculation results. This paper assumes protracted significant local loss of generation capability (about 20% of total capacity), and examines the resulting load changes in the loop system. We then propose use of PSTs to alleviate load differences among transmission lines, allowing more effective use of the loop system. Specifically, we propose the concepts of APFS and active power flow sensitivity 2 (APFS2). Installing PSTs at optimal locations and operating the PSTs with proper phase angles determined by a branch and bound method, we mitigate loading differences between heavily and lightly loaded transmission lines. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by using a modified IEEJ EAST 30 model.
Simple Power Flow Control Method for Reducing the Power Source Capacity and Managing the Storage Energy for Hybrid Power Source Electric Vehicles
Authors: Saito Tatsuhito , Kondo Keiichiro , Koseki Takafumi , Mizuma Takeshi 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYElectric railway vehicles require high electric power when powering and return high electric output when regenerating. Therefore, the fall in vehicle performance due to a voltage drop and the restriction on regenerative power due to a load shortage become problems in a dc‐electrified railway. Therefore, energy storage devices (ESDs) are mounted on vehicles to assist the power of powering operation and to absorb the power of regeneration. In recent years, various hybrid vehicles have been studied because the performance of ESDs has become good enough for them to be mounted on vehicles. Generally, the design of the controller is a complicated problem because the vehicle operates under various running conditions. In this paper, a simple controller for ESDs is designed in the frequency domain. This controller aims at smoothing the input power and at managing the ESD energy. The proposed controller is examined under various running conditions with numerical simulations.
Falsely high B‐type natriuretic peptide concentration in patients without heart failure attributed to AxSYM assay: case series of eight subjects
Authors: Jin Cai De , Kim Moo Hyun , Guo Long Zhe , Li Shu Hua , Han Jin‐Yeong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report a case series of eight subjects complaining of non‐specific chest pain without heart failure, but with apparent high concentrations of plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP). No positive clinical characteristics were identified in physical examinations, cardiac imaging, laboratory findings, or pulmonary function tests. However, we observed unusually high BNP values when analysing blood samples of the patients using the AxSYM assay, and this was not supported by readings from Triage® or ADVIA Centaur® assays on the same samples, which showed BNP within the normal range. We believe that the possibility for false readings for high BNP levels in healthy individuals measured by AxSYM assay should be taken into account by physicians in clinical practice to avoid medical errors.
Low Dielectric Behavior of a Robust, Guest‐Free Magnesium(II)–Organic Framework: A Potential Application of an Alkaline‐Earth Metal Compound
Authors: Mendiratta Shruti , Usman Muhammad , Tseng Tien‐Wen , Luo Tzuoo‐Tsair , Lee Shang‐Fan , Zhao Li , Wu Maw‐Kuen , Lee Mandy M. , Sun Shih‐Sheng , Lin Ying‐Chih , Lu Kuang‐Lieh 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Kuang‐Lieh Lu from the Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. The cover image shows the development of a robust, low‐κ Mg MOF, representing a significant route for potential applications of Mg‐based MOFs as new interlayer dielectric materials.
Tandem Prins Strategy for the Synthesis of Spiropyrrolidine and Spiropiperidine Derivatives
Authors: Reddy Basi V. Subba , Yarlagadda Suresh , Reddy C. Ravikumar , Reddy M. Rajashekhar , Sridhar Balasubramanyan , Satyanarayana Dayaka , Jagadeesh Bharatam 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCascade cyclization of a 3‐[(3‐methylbut‐2‐enylamino)methyl]but‐3‐en‐1‐ol derivative with aldehydes in the presence of TMSOTf at 0 °C under mild conditions provides the corresponding spiropyrrolidine scaffolds in good yields. Similar cyclization of a 3‐[(4‐methylpent‐3‐enylamino)methyl]but‐3‐en‐1‐ol derivative with aldehydes affords the correponding spiropiperidine compounds. This is a new approach for the construction of biologically relevant spirocycles in a single‐step process.
Control of Oligomerization and Oxidation Steps in the Synthesis of Tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole
Authors: Blumenfeld Carl , Fisher Katherine J. , Henling Lawrence M. , Grubbs Robert H. , Gray Harry B. , Virgil Scott C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe mechanistic features of oligomerization and oxidative cyclization steps in the synthesis of tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole (1) have been thoroughly studied. Separation of the intermediates by preparative HPLC and analysis by NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry allowed for the identification of product‐forming intermediates and monitoring of undesired byproducts. Conditions for complete end‐capping with pyrrole were optimized for improved yields of oligomers leading to the desired corrole 1. A yield of 84 % was achieved during oxidation of an isolated precursor; the overall yield of 1 was 17.0 %.
No effect of the cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor etoricoxib on pre‐emptive and post‐operative analgesia in visceral surgery: results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fleckenstein J. , Kohls N. , Evtouchenko E. , Lehmeyer L. , Kramer S. , Lang P.M. , Siebeck M. , Mussack T. , Hatz R. , Heindl B. , Conzen P. , Rehm M. , Czerner S. , Zwißler B. , Irnich D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundPre‐emptive analgesia in perioperative care has potential benefits for patients. The pre‐emptive and postoperative analgesic effects of the cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor etoricoxib have been investigated using a 2 × 2 factorial trial design.MethodsAccording to the 2 × 2 factorial study design, 103 patients scheduled for visceral surgery, were randomly allocated to two groups prior to surgery. Patients could receive either etoricoxib or placebo (to investigate pre‐emptive analgesia). Subsequent to surgery, patients randomly received either etoricoxib or placebo, again. It follows, that four treatment modalities (continuous or replaced intervention) result, to investigate postoperative analgesia. Main Outcome Measure was the cumulative morphine use 48 h post‐surgery. Other outcomes included pain intensities, pain thresholds and sensory detection.ResultsEighty‐six patients (female n = 42; mean age 53.82 ± 13.61 years) were evaluated on the basis of an intention to treat analysis. Pre‐emptive administration of 120 mg etoricoxib did not significantly reduce the cumulative morphine dose within the first 48 h after surgery, when compared to the administration of placebo. The analysis of the post‐operative treatment groups showed a non‐significant 8% reduction in morphine dose during the continuous administration of etoricoxib. There were no changes in sensory perception as detected with QST before and after surgery or between groups.ConclusionsThe effect of administering etoricoxib was not superior to placebo in reducing the morphine dose required for postoperative analgesia. The lack of changes in peripheral nociception suggests that central algetic mechanisms are of higher impact in the development of postoperative pain following abdominal or thoracic surgery.
Heat‐Source and Evaporation Temperatures for the Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors: Liu Bingcheng , Liang Baohua , Zhang Yunfei 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study establishes an analytical model to investigate the pinch‐point temperature difference (PPTD) between the heat source and the working fluid in the evaporator of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) to determine the position of the PPTD and the mass flow rate of the working fluid. Based on the analytical model, a theoretical formula of net output power is proposed to analyze the effects of the evaporation temperature. The results show that the effects of the evaporation temperature depend on the position of the PPTD, which can be determined directly by using the heat‐source temperature, and the characteristic temperature is regarded as constant for each working fluid. The results of the net power output and the optimal evaporation temperature are calculated by using these theoretical formulas and the simulation method for 11 working fluids. A comparison of the results verifies the accuracy of the formulas.
Computation of non‐linear magneto‐electric product properties of 0–3 composites
Authors: Schröder J. , Labusch M. , Keip M.‐A. , Kiefer B. , Brands D. , Lupascu D. C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe magneto‐electric (ME) coupling of multiferroic materials is of high interest for a variety of advanced applications like in data storage or sensor technology. Since the ME coupling of single‐phase multiferroics is too low for technical applications, the manufacturing of composite structures becomes relevant. These composites generate the effective ME coupling as a strain‐induced product property. Several experiments on composite multiferroics showed remarkable ME coefficients that are orders of magnitudes higher than those of single‐phase materials. The present paper investigates the arising effective product properties of two‐phase ME composites by simulating the coupling behavior using a two‐scale finite element (FE2) homogenization approach. By means of this method, microstructures with different volume fractions of the individual phases and associated macroscopic ME coupling coefficients are considered. We investigate the influence of different magnetization states by means of the non‐linear dissipative magnetostriction material model originally established in [1]. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coordinate‐invariant phase field modeling of ferro‐electrics, part II: Application to composites and poly‐crystals
Authors: Keip M.‐A. , Schrade D. , Thai H. , Schröder J. , Svendsen B. , Müller R. , Gross D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper deals with the application of the model presented in the first part Schrade et al. [1] to ferroelectric composites filled with electrically conducting inclusions as well as to ferroelectric polycrystals. Composites are analyzed through the use of a computational homogenization framework for phase field methods proposed in Zäh & Miehe [2]. This will give insights into the coupled phenomena taking place on the microscale and on their relation to the overall behavior. Both will be of special interest for the development of advanced composite materials with tailored properties like, for example, particulate magneto‐electric composites, which are composed of a ferroelectric matrix and magnetic rare‐earth elements or metals. Furthermore, we analyze the behavior of ferroelectric polycrystals with a focus on size effects. This will enable us to reveal preferred microstructure configurations depending on the system and grain size. In addition to that, it will serve as basis for the extraction of the directional properties of polycrystals with respect to their switching behavior in the different grains of the polycrystal. Associated simulations could then be used to supply coarser models with the needed directional informations. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)