bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative quality of life in macula‐off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients and its relation to visual function
Authors: VAN DE PUT M , WANDERS W , NOLTE I , HOOYMANS J , LOS L 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To assess which aspects of postoperative visual function (visual acuity, contrast acuity, or color confusion) are correlated with visual function‐related quality of life measurements after successful surgery for macula‐off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods In patients with a primary macula‐off RRD, best correct visual acuity (BCVA), color confusion indices (CCI saturé and desaturé), and contrast acuity were measured at 12 months postoperatively in both the RRD eye and the fellow control eye, and the 25‐item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ‐25) was filled out.Results Forty‐five patients with a primary unilateral macula‐off RRD were included. There was a significant difference between operated and fellow control eyes with regard to LogMAR BCVA (P < 0.0001), Log contrast acuity (P < 0.0001), saturé CCI (P = 0.018), and desaturé CCI (P = 0.018). Correlations were observed between the composite VFQ‐25 score and postoperative LogMAR BCVA (R = ‐0.53, P < 0.0005) and Log contrast acuity (R = 0.47, P = 0.001). In addition, correlations were found between postoperative LogMAR BCVA and Log contrast acuity and the following subscales: driving, near acuity, role difficulties, and general vision. Also, a correlation between the subscale mental health and LogMAR BCVA was found. No correlations were found between any VFQ‐25 scales and the CCIs.Conclusion Postoperative BCVA, contrast acuity and color confusion in operated macula‐off RRD eyes were significantly worse compared to their fellow control eyes. Several vision‐related quality of life parameters were highly correlated with postoperative BCVA and contrast acuity.
Baseline characteristics and vitreoretinal interface features in patients with vitreomacular traction without macular hole from the MIVI‐TRUST clinical program
Authors: KOSHY Z , LABOUDETTE A , DUCHATEAU L , LESCRAUWAET B 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose There is limited published evidence on demographic and vitreoretinal interface (VRI) characteristics of patients with persistent vitreomacular traction (VMT). Establishing characteristics of untreated VMT may contribute to a better understanding of the burden of VMT disease To describe baseline characteristics and VRI features in patients with persistent VMT included in the phase 3 ocriplasmin studies. This analysis reports on VMT patients without macular hole (MH)Methods Two randomized, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled trials designed to determine efficacy and safety of ocriplasmin for the treatment of VMT comprising 652 patients. Key baseline characteristics included patient demographics (age, gender); eye‐disorder (time since diagnosis, visual acuity (VA) study eye (SE), non‐study eye (NSE), presence of pseudophakia or ERM); VRI features (type of focal VMA, vitreous separation); VFQ‐25 composite scoreResults VMT without MH was present in 499 patients (76.5%). Baseline characteristics were: 72.6 years (SD 9.8); 62.7% female. Time since diagnosis was: 268 days (SD 547); VA: SE 66.8 (SD 11.2); NSE 73.5 (SD 16.5). Pseudophakes: 38.7%, concomitant ERM: 46.3 %. The majority of patients presented with focal adhesion ≤1500 microns (69%) and with vitreous adhesions attached at fovea and optic nerve (92%); VFQ‐25 composite score: 78.0 (SD 15.2)Conclusion Baseline characteristics and vitreoretinal Interface features in patients with vitreomacular traction without macular hole from the MIVI‐TRUST Clinical Program
Mesenchymal stem cells and corneal regeneration
Authors: HOPKINSON A , BRANCH M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are the subject of intensive research for regenerative medicine purposes. MSC can be isolated from a broad range of tissues, allowing use in both autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Furthermore, these cells are readily bankable and their numbers can be expanded in vitro. MSC possess an impressive functional‐repertoire as they are differentiated into a steadily growing number of cell types, including those found in the cornea. However the regenerative abilities of MSC extend beyond differentiation. MSC are able to modulate and supress localised immune responses encouraging graft acceptance and reducing occurrences of GVHD/rejection. Furthermore they are able to encourage regeneration by the host tissue using a multitude of paracrine signalling pathways. MSC have previously been shown to promote corneal wound healing both with and without incorporation into the host tissue. MSC have been found to reside in the limbal and peripheral corneal stroma. Although their role in normal corneal homeostasis and wound healing is unknown there have recently been tantalising glimpses into their potential for substantial corneal regeneration.
Congenital and other pigmented fundus lesions
Authors: CAUJOLLE JP 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose: To describe congenital and pigmented fundus tumors except nevi and melanomas. Methods: We analyse diagnostic approaches of thess tumors, their characteristics, the differential diagnosis and the follow up. Results: The main tumors include congenital tumors such as congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), hamartoma of the RPE, combined hamartoma of the RPE and sensory retina. The other pigmented tumors are melanocytoma, adenoma or adenocarcinoma of RPE and pigmented choroidal metastasis. The differential diagnosis must be made from RPE hyperplasia, peripheral exsudative haemorrhagic chorioretinopathy and pseudo tumoral age related macular degeneration. Conclusions: These tumors must be known to be differenciated from melanomas and choroidal nevi. Moreover, although these lesions are mainly benign in their clinical behavior, some cases can have ocular complications, slow growth or malignant transformations.
Uveitis and glaucoma: A practical approach
Authors: BODAGHI B 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUveitis is a sight‐threatening condition with major therapeutic breakthroughs during the last decade. Control of inflammation is more frequently achieved. Therefore, blindness is often associated with secondary complications. Severe glaucoma is one of the most difficult situations to manage. Both inflammation and steroids may induce ocular hypertension in patients with uveitis. Most of cases are associated with anterior uveitis. New entities associated with viral infections have been identified during the last decade. Specific antiviral therapy is often sufficient to control both inflammation and high IOP. In noninfectious conditions, control of inflammation with immunosuppressors and biologic agents have dramatically changed the incidence of glaucoma in these patients. Prompt diagnosis and efficient treatment of uveitis have dramatically changed the outcome and long‐term prognosis of uveitis. Glaucoma surgery remains rarely necessary but sometimes the only possible strategy.
Culture optimisation of CD34‐positive corneal stromal stem cells and transdifferentiation into corneal epithelial cells
Authors: SIDNEY LE , BRANCH MJ , HASHMANI K , DUA HS , HOPKINSON A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The integrity of the corneal epithelium is essential for clarity of vision. Under normal circumstances, superficial epithelial cells are shed into the tear film and regenerated by epithelial stem/progenitor cells located at the limbus. Damage or depletion of the limbal cells leads to conditions such as limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Current treatment involves transplantation of limbal epithelial cells expanded ex‐vivo; however cell numbers are limited. In this study, we identify a source of multipotent stem cells located in the corneal stroma that express CD34 upon isolation. These cells demonstrate an ability to transdifferentiate into corneal epithelial cells.Methods CD34 expression diminishes during traditional tissue‐culture plastic propagation; in this study we optimised culture conditions for maintained and efficient expansion of CD34+ cells. We investigated the role of CD34 in epithelial transdifferentiation of stromal cells, using siRNA gene knockdown and analysis by immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and qPCR.Results Early results suggest a three‐dimensional environment and semi‐solid medium intended for hematopoietic culture demonstrated extended CD34 expression. When cells were transferred to epithelial differentiation medium they showed an epithelial morphology, significantly increased cytokeratin 3 and 19 expression, and considerable upregulation of genes related to corneal epithelial cells (ABCG2, DeltaN63, LEF1, HES1, FRZB1, KRT19, DTC and CDH1).Conclusion This work will help produce methodologies to create cell banks for generation of corneal epithelium, from a corneal stromal stem cell source, leading to improved surgical and visual outcomes in LSCD patients.
Computational model of Ca2+ wave propagation in human retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: VAINIO I , ABU KHAMIDAKH A , PACI M , SKOTTMAN H , JUUTI‐UUSITALO K , HYTTINEN J , NYMARK S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Ca2+ signaling is relevant to most biological functions. In retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) a significant Ca2+ wave is produced by mechanical stimulation. To understand this process in detail, we modeled Ca2+ wave propagation in ARPE‐19 cells.Methods Mechanically induced Ca2+ wave was recorded from ARPE‐19 cells by Ca2+ imaging. Based on the measurements, a mathematical model was constructed. The model assessed Ca2+ wave propagation by assuming that cells were experiencing different conditions depending on their location with respect to the stimulation site.Results The model describes Ca2+ metabolism after stimulation as follows: 1) Cells near the stimulus site are likely to conduct Ca2+ through plasma membrane stretch‐sensitive Ca2+ channels and gap junctions. 2) The extracellular ligand and inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3) diffusion through gap junctions mediate the signal in all locations of the monolayer, ligand concentration decreasing with distance. 3) The kinase activity targeted to IP3 receptor defines the sensitivity of the cell to the ligand. The model predicts suramin drug effects on P2Y2 receptors suggesting that suramin accelerates the phosphorylation rate of the receptors by enhancing their desensitization.Conclusion Our model is the first mathematical model of Ca2+ signaling in ARPE‐19 cells. The model enables the analysis of the Ca2+ signal propagation mechanisms, and predicts new pathways of suramin drug effects.
Agreement between in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy with a handheld microscope and histology in eyelid and conjunctival tumours
Authors: ESPINASSE M , GRIVET D , CAMPOLMI N , CINOTTI E , PERROT JL , LABEILLE B , CAMBAZARD F , FOREST F , DUMOLLARD JM , PEOC'H M , GAIN P , THURET G 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose By providing non‐invasive pseudo histology, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) has been proven efficient in the diagnosis and treatment management of numerous diseases in dermatology and in ophthalmology for the ocular surface. Although it is only complementary to classical histology it allows quicker decisions. At present, both ophthalmology IVCM available are nevertheless not fully convenient for the exploration of the whole conjunctival surface nor for the entire eyelids, because of their bulk and their limited mobility. Aim: to study the reliability of a dermatological handheld IVCM for eyelid and conjunctival tumoursMethods Thirty‐one tumours were analysed using the handheld dermatological IVCM Vivascope 3000 (Lucid Inc, NY, MAVIG GmbH, Germany) equipped with 830nm class IB laser. IVCM diagnosis was made by an ophthalmologist and a dermatologist with a standardized reading grid. Whenever surgery was necessary, tumours were analysed by pathologists blind to the IVCM diagnosis. Agreement between both diagnoses was determined by an independent observer, who calculated sensitivity, specificity, predictive pos value, and predictive neg valueResults All tumours were accessible. Overall scores were Se=1, Sp=0.45, PPV=0.75, PNV=1, for conjunctiva Se=1, Sp=0.4, PPV=0.571, PNV=1, for eyelids Se=1, Sp=1, PPV=1, PNV=1, and for eyelid margin Se=1, Sp=0.67, PPV=0.75, PNV=1Conclusion The handheld IVCM is perfectly adapted to the exploration of the entire conjunctival and eyelid system. Grant: GIRCI Rhone Alpes Auvergne 2012 No financial interest for all authors
A novel imaging approach to periocular basal cell carcinoma: In vivo optical coherence tomography and histological correlates
Authors: PELOSINI L , SMITH HB , SCHOFIELD J , DHITAL A , KHANDWALA M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non‐invasive imaging method widely used in ophthalmology. Recent developments have produced OCT devices for imaging the skin. The purpose of this study was to assess preoperative OCT of periocular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and to correlate optical biopsies with histological features.Methods Consecutive patients with periocular BCC were prospectively investigated with VivoSight OCT (Michelson Ltd) prior to surgical excision. OCT images were correlated to haematoxylin and eosin stained histology sections with regard to: epidermal changes, intralesional and perilesional features.Results A total of 15 patients with periocular BCC were recruited. Epidermal changes over BCC lesions represented important landmarks for topographic correlation and consisted in epidermal thinning and hyper‐reflective signals from surface ulceration and crusting. Intralesional OCT features of BCC included: hyporeflective lobular patterns corresponding to BCC nests with high cellularity, hyporeflective cystic spaces of liquefactive necrosis and hyper‐reflective margins corresponding to collagen compression. Perilesional OCT features of BCC included: hyporeflective spaces corresponding to fluid clefts, hyper‐reflective bands of perilesional granulomatous inflammation secondary to tissue biopsy and hyporeflective lumens of blood vessels and hair folliclesConclusion This study demonstrated a high correlation between OCT images and histological features. Further studies are necessary to investigate novel potential applications of in vivo OCT for BCC such as non‐invasive diagnosis, intraoperative OCT‐guided tumour excision and postoperative detection of recurrences.
Repair of orbital implants exposures using muller muscle flaps
Authors: ROBERT PY , DELMAS J , ADENIS JP 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate a two‐stage technique of Müller muscle and conjunctival flap for treatment of orbital implant exposure defects.Methods In this retrospective study, 19 patients with acquired anophthalmic socket presenting an exposure of orbital implant were included, between March 1999 and September 2012.Results 13 women, 6 males were managed with this two‐stage procedure. Medium age was 57.5 years (9 to 90). The average follow‐up was 41 months (3 to 163). 16 patients underwent an evisceration and 3 patients an enucleation. All of them were implanted primarily with hydroxyapatite (HA) implants, except one of them who had an acrylic implant. Orbital implant exposure was note at an average of 94.4 months (2 to 240) after implantation. The average period between the first‐stage (Müller muscle flap) and the second‐stage (section of the flap) was 39.9 days. Success rate was 68.4% (13 patients) and the failure rate was 31.6% (6 patients) who required second surgery (one or two‐stage implant ablation followed by dermis fat graft, or temporalis fascia graft). Predisposing factors for exposure were noticed among patients with failed Müller muscle flaps: 2 underwent an enucleation for melanoma followed by radiation therapy, 1 patient had an acrylic non porous implant. 1 patient presented an early exposure probably due to suture under stress. But 2 others patients did not present predisposing factors for exposure. Once the exposure was treated, all of the patients were fitted with a prosthetic device successfully.Conclusion Müller muscle flap 2‐stage procedure is a reliable technique, with a success rate superior to 68%, allowing preservation of the implant and successful equipment with prosthetic devices.
Inhibition of the DNA damage response blocks herpes simplex virus infection in corneal epithelium
Authors: ALEKSEEV O , AZIZKHAN‐CLIFFORD J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is the leading cause of cornea‐derived and infection‐associated blindness in the developed world. Many HSK cases are refractory to treatment with available drugs, leading to permanent corneal pathology. In addition, drug‐resistant viral strains are beginning to emerge and may present a major clinical problem in the future. Thus, our study focused on identifying and targeting critical virus‐host interactions to suppress herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in corneal epithelium. Specifically, we investigated the role of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a key protein in the mammalian DNA damage response pathway, in the molecular pathogenesis of HSK.Methods We utilized three experimental models in our studies. The in vitro model (human corneal epithelial and keratinocyte cell lines) was used to dissect the molecular mechanisms of HSV‐ATM interactions. The ex vivo model (human and rabbit explanted corneas) was used to validate our tissue culture findings. And the in vivo model (young C57BL/6 mice) was used to test the antiviral potential of ATM inhibition in a physiologically‐relevant context of ocular infection.Results ATM inhibition reduces HSV infection in corneal epithelial cells by blocking viral genome replication. Importantly, this inhibitory effect was observed not only with wild type HSV‐1, but also with two different drug‐resistant strains. The antiviral effects of Acyclovir and ATM inhibition were additive. We have also made progress into elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.Conclusion We have shown that ATM is a new therapeutic target for the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis. ATM inhibitors could be used alone or as adjuvant therapy to combat HSK.
Pharmaceutical failure mechanism of the worldwide ReNu with MoistureLoc‐related fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004‐2006
Authors: BULLOCK J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Between 2004‐2006, a worldwide epidemic of Fusarium keratitis occurred, traced to Bausch & Lomb’s ReNu with MoistureLoc contact lens solution (RML), containing the antimicrobial agent, alexidine dihydrochloride. Our previous studies indicated that heating RML (>42oC and ≤ 56oC) in its plastic (but not a glass) bottle resulted in decreased anti‐Fusarium capability. The present study was undertaken to determine the exact mechanism of this antimicrobial failure.Methods We investigated if: microbiologically and/or analytically (using Raman spectroscopy), an alexidine‐neutralizing leachate emanates from heated ReNu bottles; the alexidine concentration (measured by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy) changes when stored in heated ReNu bottles; alexidine permeates into ReNu bottle walls and can be detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; non‐alexidine antimicrobials fail in heated ReNu bottles; and/or, alexidine fails in heated non‐ReNu bottles.Results No leachates were identified microbiologically or analytically. The alexidine concentration was 2.8 times greater in room temperature‐ (vs. 56oC‐) stored ReNu bottles. Alexidine deposited into the ReNu bottle wall 3.1 times greater in the heated (vs. room temperature‐stored) container. Non‐alexidine antimicrobials retain their anti‐Fusarium capability after being heated in ReNu bottles and alexidine heated in non‐ReNu bottles did not lose its anti‐Fusarium activity.Conclusion Alexidine permeates into the walls of heated ReNu plastic bottles, diminishing its concentration in solution and allowing Fusarium growth. This appears to be the mechanism of the RML‐related Fusarium keratitis epidemic.
Recurrence of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis: Analysis of cases proven by initial analysis of aqueous humor
Authors: MATET A , FARDEAU C , TERRADA C , CASSOUX N , PARIS L , LEHOANG P , BODAGHI B 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Factors explaining recurrences of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis (TRC) and their frequency are not understood. The aim of this study is to analyze their recurrence patterns, and search for an association with their clinical and biological features.Methods 40 consecutive cases of TRC with a positive aqueous humour (AH) tap for toxoplasmosis were retrospectively included. Inclusion criteria were: Goldman‐Witmer coefficient (GWC)>2.0, positive immunoblot (IB) or positive PCR for Toxoplasma gondii. Further episodes, their characteristics, disease‐free intervals, and treatments were collected. We performed a case‐control analysis of patients with and without recurrences during follow‐up.Results Mean age was 41.5 years. 10% of patients were immunodeficient (n=4). Mean follow‐up was 7.3 years (5.8‐10.3). Forty‐three percent of patients (n=17) presented at least one recurrence, with a mean of 1.7 episodes (1‐4) per patient. Mean interval between episodes was 27 months (3‐73). For patients experiencing one recurrence or more, initial AH analysis showed a lower GWC, less additional bands on IB, and less positive PCRs, even though these trends did not reach statistical significance. Clinically, these patients had broader lesions, in more peripheral locations, and more intense vitritis than those with no recurrences. For the initial episode, durations of antibiotic and anti‐inflammatory treatments were superior in the recurrence group. Sex, ethnicity, or immune status were not associated with a change in recurrence risk.Conclusion TRC recurrences seem to be influenced by clinical and biological features at baseline.
Raxone (idebenone) in LHON ‐ An update
Authors: MEIER T 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLeber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) is caused by mtDNA mutations affecting subunits of Complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Affected mutation carriers suffer from rapidly progressing and mostly irreversible bilateral vision loss. An increasing body of evidence indicates that idebenone has therapeutic potential for the treatment of LHON. Data from a randomized placebo‐controlled study (RHODOS) and from a number of case reports and retrospective cohort studies demonstrate that patients with established vision loss may benefit from idebenone treatment and recover visual acuity. Early treatment start (e.g. within one year from onset of symptoms) appears to be associated with better outcome, which is supported by the cellular pathology of LHON. Data from a currently on‐going named patient program (NPP), where LHON patients receive 900 mg/day Raxone® under routine clinical care, will be presented and an update on the regulatory status of Raxone® provided.
Commercial interest