bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining odours isolated from phylogenetically diverse sources yields a better lure for yellow jackets
Authors: Unelius C Rikard , Suckling D Maxwell , Brown Robert L , Jósvai Julia K , El‐Sayed Ashraf M 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDInvasive wasps have major impacts on bird populations and other biodiversity in New Zealand beech forests, and new solutions are needed for their management. Baits were combined from four phylogenetically diverse sources (protein and carbohydrate) to improve attraction to a level that could be used as the basis for more powerful attract‐and‐kill systems. Many compounds from honey, scale insect honeydew, fermenting brown sugar and green‐lipped mussels were highly attractive and, when combined, outcompeted known attractants.RESULTSThe equivolumetric lure (equal parts of 3‐methylbut‐1‐yl acetate, 2‐ethyl‐1‐butanol, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, 3‐octanone, methyl phenylacetate and heptyl butanoate), gave a 5–10‐fold improvement over the known attractant, octyl butanoate, and other previously patented lures. An economically optimised lure of the same compounds, but in a ratio of 2:1.6:1:1:2:2.4, was equally attractive as the equal‐ratio lure. Pilot mass trapping attempts with this latter lure revealed that >400 wasps trap−1 day−1 could be caught at the peak of the season.CONCLUSIONThe new lures are comprised of compounds from animals, plants and fungi, thus targeting the omnivorous behaviour of these wasps. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Gateway to Baku
Authors: Espinha Miguel , Greiner Hansjörg , Ziegler René 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAm Flughafen Baku in Aserbaidschan wurde das neue Terminalgebäude für den Flugbetrieb eröffnet. Dieses gemeinsam mit einem internationalen Team von Planern entwickelte Projekt zeigt bespielhaft die Herausforderungen beim Bauen in der Region. Im folgenden Artikel wird der Prozess von der Geometriebeschreibung über die Entwicklung des Tragwerkskonzeptes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Erdbebenbeanspruchung sowie deren Auswirkung auf das Toleranzkonzept der Gebäudehülle skizziert. Weiterhin wird auf die Besonderheiten der Fertigungsprozesse sowie auf die Anforderungen an die Montageabläufe näher eingegangen, die es im Zuge der Realisierung dieser anspruchsvollen Geometrie des Terminals als Stahl‐Glas‐Struktur zu berücksichtigen gab.Gateway to Baku – The steel and glass building envelope of the new airport terminal in Azerbaijan. The new terminal building was opened at the Baku airport (Azerbaijan) for flight operations. Developed in collaboration with an international team of planners project shows the challenges that need to be tackled when building in the region. The present article presents the development process for the geometry and the structural concept, with special emphasis on the severity of the seismic load and its consequences on the design of the tolerance concept for the building envelope. Furthermore, a presentation is made of the particularities of the complex fabrication and installation processes that made the realization of such a challenging geometry out of a steel‐glass structure possible.
Die Retheklappbrücke in Hamburg
Authors: Dorrer Günther 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIm Jahre 1934 wurde die heute noch in Betrieb befindliche Rethe‐Hubbrücke in Hamburg errichtet, welche ab 2016 durch die neue Rethebrücke ersetzt werden wird. Die neue bewegliche Brücke wird als zweiflügelige Klappbrücke in Stahlbauweise mit einer Spannweite von 104,2 m zwischen den Drehlagern errichtet. Im Gegensatz zu der bestehenden Rethequerung erhalten die Verkehrsträger Straße und Schiene bei der neuen Brücke getrennte Überbauten, die auf gemeinsamen Unterbauten sitzen. Für den Schiffsverkehr vergrößert sich die Durchfahrtsbreite um 20,0 m auf 64,0 m. Die Gesamtbreite der Straßenklappbrücke beträgt 14,0 m, die der Bahnklappbrücke 10,3 m. Die Brückenklappen werden über einen hydraulischen Antrieb mittels Hydraulikzylindern zwischen der Verkehrs‐ und Hochlage bewegt. Eine Besonderheit der Rethebrücke liegt in der Ausführung der Mittenverriegelung als Fingerverriegelung ohne bewegte Teile. Die neue Rethebrücke ist nach ihrer Fertigstellung die größte Klappbrücke Europas und der Hamburger Hafen ist um ein Highlight der Ingenieurbaukunst reicher.The Rethe Bridges in Hamburg – Special features in structural steelwork. The existing Rethe Vertical Lift Bridge was built in 1934 and will substitute by the new bridge across the Rethe. It consists of two double‐leaf bascule bridges with a span of 104.2 m each between the pivot bearings. In an open condition the width of the shipping clearance will be increased from 44 m to 64 m and unlimited in height. One of the double‐leaf bascule bridges is used for rail traffic, the other one for road traffic. The two bridges are arranged next to each other and can be opened independently of each other. The overall width of the road bascule bridge is 14.0 m, the overall width of the railway bridge 10.3 m. The spans or leafs are driven by hydraulic cylinders and hydraulically driven rear locking devices. One special feature of the Rethe Bridge is the fact that the central locking unit consists of a finger locking system without any movable parts. After its completion the Rethe Bridge is going to be the largest bascule bridge in Europe and a new highlight of civil engineering.
Optimierungsmöglichkeiten an Freischnitten
Authors: Lener Gerhard , Lang Robert , Schmid Johannes 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBei zyklischen Belastungen auf Bauwerke und Bauteile ist neben Tragsicherheits‐ und Gebrauchstauglichkeitsnachweisen ein besonderes Augenmerk auf den Nachweis der Ermüdungsfestigkeit zu legen. Die Modellbildung in der Ermüdung unterliegt vielen Parametern, die jedoch teilweise nur schwer erfassbar sind. Dazu zählen unter anderem die Geometrie der Bauteile und speziell der Detailausbildungen. Im vorliegenden Fall werden Untersuchungen zu geometrisch optimierten Freischnitten für Bauteile aus unlegierten niederfesten Baustählen durchgeführt und mittels Versuchen verifiziert. Daraus ergeben sich deutliche Vorteile durch die Optimierung, deren Potential jedoch stark von den geforderten ertragbaren Spannungszyklen, den zugrunde gelegten Regelwerken und Auswertemethoden beeinflusst wird.Optimization of free cuts – experimental and numerical studies. Next to ultimate and serviceability state design, close attention is to be paid to fatigue resistance when dealing with cyclic loads on constructions and their components. Model building in fatigue depends on several parameters which can be evaluated only partially, however. These parameters include among other things the geometry of the component and especially the details of the design. In the present case studies are carried out to investigate geometrically optimized free cuts for components of non‐alloy low strengths steels and are verified by experimental tests. This procedure results in considerable benefits in terms of optimization whose potential is strongly affected by the required stress cycles, the underlying regulations and evaluation methods.
Screening of Women in the Antenatal Period for Thalassemia Carrier Status: Comparison of NESTROFT, Red Cell Indices, and HPLC Analysis
Authors: Mendiratta Suman Lata , Bajaj Surbhi , Popli Sangeeta , Singh Sompal 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThalassemia is the most common inherited blood disorder in India. In β-thalassemia, there is defective formation of β-globin chains which leads to severe anemia requiring repeated blood transfusions. With the help of antenatal screening for β-thalassemia followed by prenatal diagnosis, “couples at-risk” can avoid having affected children without remaining childless and can spare themselves from months of anxiety awaiting the outcome of pregnancy [1, 2]. The present study was conducted from 2008 through 2010. One thousand antenatal women with gestational age less than 20 weeks were studied. NESTROFT, CBC, and HPLC analysis of blood samples were done in all the patients. Husbands of women detected to be carriers of β-thalassemia were also screened to identify the “high-risk couples”. Counseling and prenatal diagnosis was offered to the couple, where both husband and wife were positive for thalassemia trait. Of 1000 women studied during antenatal period, 79 (7.9 %) were detected to have thalassemia trait. Husbands of these women were counseled and advised HPLC test. Only two husbands were diagnosed to have β-thalassemia trait. Of these two “at-risk couples”, genetic testing in one woman showed the fetus to be a carrier, and this pregnancy was continued. In the other lady, the fetus was diagnosed to have thalassemia major and she chose to terminate the pregnancy. The sensitivity and specificity of NESTROFT was found to be 78.48 % and 94.14 %, respectively. These were much better than those of RBC count (>5 million/mL3), MCV (<80 fL) or MCH (<27 pg). The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of NESTROFT was found to be 53.45 % and 98.08 %, respectively. These were also more than those of RBC count (>5 million/mL3, MCV (<80 fL), or MCH (<27 pg). HPLC analysis of the blood is the gold standard for diagnosis of thalassemia trait, but due to its high cost, sophisticated and expensive equipment, it cannot be used in large screening programs. Screening by hematological parameters requires automated analyzer which again may not be possible in small setups catering to a large number of pregnant women. NESTROFT proved to be sensitive, cost effective, rapid, and can be used for field studies and mass-screening programs.
Correlation between amygdala volume and impulsivity in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Tajima-Pozo Kazuhiro , Ruiz-Manrique Gonzalo , Yus Miguel , Arrazola Juan , Montañes-Rada Francisco 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurobiological disorder with childhood onset and persistence through adolescence and adulthood. ADHD patients frequently show exaggerated emotional responses. The amygdala plays an important role in emotion processing and in the activation of the frontal lobe. We hypothesised that smaller amygdala volumes in ADHD patients would be associated with less control of impulsivity and emotional instability.MethodsWe studied nine adult patients with ADHD and nine group-matched healthy volunteers using a 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We manually obtained morphometric measurements, which were later processed and compared.ResultsSignificant negative correlation between the right amygdala volume and Barratt’s impulsivity scores was observed (r=−0.756, p=0.018). No correlation was found between impulsivity scores and the volume of the left amygdala. Age was not found to be a contributor of the results.ConclusionsSmaller amygdala volumes have been observed in patients with ADHD. Our results suggest that greater emotional processing and less control of impulsivity are associated with smaller amygdala volumes in ADHD patients. Furthermore, the right amygdala would play a bigger role in impulsivity and behaviour control than the left amygdala. Further studies involving larger samples of adult patients with ADHD and using multimodal designs are needed.
Peripheral interleukin-6 promotes resilience versus susceptibility to inescapable electric stress
Authors: Yang Chun , Shirayama Yukihiko , Zhang Ji-Chun , Ren Qian , Hashimoto Kenji 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveAccumulating evidences suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. In the learned helplessness (LH) paradigm, ~35% rats are resilient to inescapable stress.MethodsLevels of IL-6 in the serum and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of LH rats (susceptible) and non-LH rats (resilience) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis, respectively.ResultsSerum levels of IL-6 in the LH rats were significantly higher than those of control and non-LH rats. In contrast, tissue levels of IL-6 in the mPFC were not different among three groups.ConclusionThe results suggest that peripheral IL-6 may contribute to resilience versus susceptibility to inescapable stress.
Associations between serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) methylation and clinical characteristics and cortical thickness in children with ADHD
Authors: Park S. , Lee J.-M. , Kim J.-W. , Cho D.-Y. , Yun H. J. , Han D. H. , Cheong J. H. , Kim B.-N. 
Published: May 2015

Background.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable psychiatric disorder. Additionally, environmental factors such as perinatal stress and early adversities contribute to the occurrence and severity of ADHD. Recently, DNA methylation has emerged as a mechanism that potentially mediates gene–environmental interaction effects in the aetiology and phenomenology of psychiatric disorders. Here, we investigated whether serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) methylation patterns were associated with clinical characteristics and regional cortical thickness in children with ADHD.Method.In 102 children with ADHD (age 6–15 years), the methylation status of the SLC6A4 promoter was measured. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was obtained and ADHD symptoms were evaluated.Results.A higher methylation status of the SLC6A4 promoter was significantly associated with worse clinical presentations (more hyperactive-impulsive symptoms and more commission errors). Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between SLC6A4 methylation levels and cortical thickness values in the right occipito-temproral regions.Conclusions.Our results suggest that the SLC6A4 methylation status may be associated with certain symptoms of ADHD, such as behavioural disinhibition, and related brain changes. Future studies that use a larger sample size and a control group are required to corroborate these results.
Dynamics analysis of novel hybrid robotic arm with three fingers
Authors: Lu Yi , Dai Zhuohong , Ye Nijia 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYA novel hybrid robotic arm with three fingers is proposed for assembly, operation and rescue. It is composed of an upper 3RPS-type parallel manipulator, a lower 3SPR-type parallel manipulator and three fingers. Its dynamics are studied and analyzed systematically. First, the kinematics formulae of the moving links at their mass centers in the hybrid robotic arm with three fingers are established. Second, the formulae for solving the inertial wrench of the moving links at their mass centers are derived. Third, a dynamics formula is established for solving the dynamic active/constrained forces of the hybrid robotic arm and the fingers. Finally, an analytic example is given for solving the kinematics and dynamics of the hybrid robotic arm with three fingers and the analytic solved solutions are verified by a simulation mechanism.
Lord Lucan: ‘missing’ or ‘on the run’?
Authors: Poole Brian 
Published: May 2015

In November 1974 a murder took place which, both at the time and in retrospect, provided British journalists with material for countless articles. Richard John Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan (generally referred to as ‘Lord Lucan’) apparently killed his children's nanny with a blunt instrument, attacked his wife, and then fled his Belgravia home. His whereabouts since then, and even (despite the fact that he was declared dead in the High Court in 1999) the question of whether or not he is still alive, continue to be a matter of sporadic discussion in the media and among the general public. As British National Corpus (BNC) evidence shows, Lord Lucan is now sometimes lumped together in the conversation and writings of the British with other creatures and objects whose existence is the stuff of legend rather than of scientific certainty:
1GX9 4072 Forget the Loch Ness Monster and Lord Lucan, the Yeti and the Holy Grail.
FAIR CHANCE AND MODAL CONSEQUENTIALISM
Authors: Stefánsson H. Orri 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:This paper develops aMultidimensional Decision Theoryand argues that it better captures ordinary intuitions about fair distribution of chances than classical decision theory. The theory is an extension of Richard Jeffrey’s decision theory to counterfactual prospect and is a form ofModal Consequentialism, according to which the value of actual outcomes often depends on what could have been. Unlike existing versions of modal consequentialism, the multidimensional decision theory allows us toexplicitlymodel the desirabilistic dependencies between actual and counterfactual outcomes that, I contend, are at the heart of common intuitions about fair distribution of chances.
The prosodic licensing of coda consonants in early speech: interactions with vowel length
Authors: MILES KELLY , YUEN IVAN , COX FELICITY , DEMUTH KATHERINE 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEnglish has a word-minimality requirement that all open-class lexical items must contain at least two moras of structure, forming a bimoraic foot (Hayes, 1995).Thus, a word with either a long vowel, or a short vowel and a coda consonant, satisfies this requirement. This raises the question of when and how young children might learn this language-specific constraint, and if they would use coda consonants earlier and more reliably after short vowels compared to long vowels. To evaluate this possibility we conducted an elicited imitation experiment with 15 two-year-old Australian English-speaking children, using both perceptual and acoustic analysis. As predicted, the children produced codas more often when preceded by short vowels. The findings suggest that English-speaking two-year-olds are sensitive to language-specific lexical constraints, and are more likely to use coda consonants when prosodically required.
Intergenerational continuity in high-conflict family environments
Authors: Rothenberg W. Andrew , Hussong Andrea M. , Chassin Laurie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the current study, we examined continuity in conflict across generations and explored potential mediators and moderators that could explain this continuity. We followed 246 targets from adolescence to adulthood and examined family conflict as reported by multiple reporters in targets' family of origin and current families. Results showed that conflict in the current family was strongly correlated with that of the family of origin in women but not in men. Continuity in family conflict across generations was mediated by patterns of elevated adolescent externalizing behavior in members of the second generation (G2). In addition, analyses revealed an interaction between both G2 partners' externalizing behavior such that if one partner in the G2 family demonstrated high levels of externalizing behavior, elevated levels of family conflict resulted. Potential explanations and implications of these findings are considered.
Social Attention in 47,XXY (Klinefelter Syndrome): Visual Scanning of Facial Expressions Using Eyetracking
Authors: van Rijn Sophie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBoys and men with an extra X chromosome (47,XXY, Klinefelter syndrome) are at risk for problems in social functioning and have an increased vulnerability for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In the search for underlying mechanisms driving this increased risk, this study focused on social attention, that is, spontaneous orientation toward facial expressions. Seventeen adults with 47,XXY and 20 non-clinical controls participated in this study. Social attention was measured using an eyetracking method that quantifies the visual scanning patterns of faces expressing different types of emotions (happy, fearful, angry, neutral) and their varying intensity levels (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). Overall, the group with Klinefelter syndrome fixated less on the eye region of faces when compared to controls (Cohen’s d 1.4), and did not show the typical tendency, as was found in the control group, to first fixate on the eyes when presented with a face (Cohen’s d 1.0). There was no significant effect of type or intensity of emotion. Shorter looking times toward eyes showed a borderline significant correlation with self-reports of poorer social functioning, with 29% explained variance. These findings suggest a reduced tendency to rapidly and automatically attend to the eyes of others in individuals with 47,XXY. This may have impact on more complex social-cognitive abilities that build upon this. In addition to studies of behaviorally defined disorders such as ASD, studying individuals with Klinefelter syndrome provide insight into mechanisms underlying various “at risk” pathways of social dysfunction and the factors that mediate this risk. (JINS, 2015, 21, 364–372)
Undergraduate UK nutrition education might not adequately address weight management
Authors: Rogerson David , Soltani Hora , Copeland Robert 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveWeight management appears to be multidimensional and complex, and registered nutritionists might work to educate, promote and provide weight-management services to communities, groups and individuals. However, nutrition education might not adequately reflect the weight-management requirements of individuals and groups. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the Association for Nutrition’s undergraduate core competency framework for accredited Nutrition degrees sufficiently reflects the weight-management needs and experiences of individuals.DesignA qualitative investigation, conducted within critical realist ontology, was performed to understand the weight-management experiences of dieters and compare these with the Association for Nutrition’s accreditation criteria for undergraduate Nutrition degrees.SettingFramework analysis was used to identify and explain participants’ experiences thematically and to compare these with the Association for Nutrition’s core competency criteria.SubjectsParticipants (n8) with weight-loss (n4) and weight-maintenance experiences (n4) were interviewed using semi-structured interviews to understand weight management at the agential level.ResultsParticipants described knowledge, exercise, planning, psychological constructs and behaviour-change techniques, determinants of eating and social support as features of weight management. The competency criteria provided clear guidance on all aspects discussed by the group, apart from psychological constructs and behaviour-change techniques and social support.ConclusionsAccredited Nutrition courses might not fully reflect the weight-management needs and experiences of individuals. Nutritionists might require greater knowledge of psychology and behaviour change to better understand and accommodate their clients’ weight-management needs.