bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stance detection in Arabic with a multi-dialectal cross-domain stance corpus
Authors: Charfi Anis , Bessghaier Mabrouka , Atalla Andria , Akasheh Raghda , Al-Emadi Sara , Zaghouani Wajdi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present a cross-domain and multi-dialectal stance corpus for Arabic, covering the major dialect groups and four Arab regions. This research provides an important language resource for automating the task of stance detection in Dialectal Arabic while carefully considering the subtle differences in stance expression across various dialects. More than 4500 sentences in our corpus have been carefully annotated according to their stance with regard to a certain subject. We gathered sentences associated with two controversial topics for every region and we had at least two annotators annotate each sentence to indicate if the author is supporting, opposing, or neutral to the sentence’s topic. Our corpus shows high balance between dialect and stance. About half of the sentences in each region are written in Modern Standard Arabic, while the other half are written in the specific dialect of that region. To evaluate our corpus, we performed a number of machine-learning experiments for the stance detection task. The best performance was achieved by AraBERT with an accuracy and an F1-score of 0.82. Furthermore, we trained and tested this model on the most similar state-of-the-art stance dataset, “MAWQIF”. The comparison results demonstrate how crucial it is to maintain balance among the three stance classes in our dataset. In particular, the model scored better when using our stance corpus than when using the MAWQIF dataset especially for the “Neutral” stance class. Using our best performing model, we developed a Web-based demonstrator for stance detection in dialectal Arabic and we show its effectiveness in analyzing stance in the context of two real-world scenarios: product boycott in the Arab world and customer reviews of a soft drink company.
Material needs security and mental health outcomes in adults with type 2 Diabetes in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sukkarieh Ola , Bassil Maya , Egede Leonard E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Despite their documented significance in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management, social determinants of health (SDOHs) including material needs security and mental health outcomes are understudied in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study aims to assess the relation between material needs security and mental health outcomes in Lebanese adults with T2DM.

Methods
Subjects with T2DM (N = 300) were recruited from primary health care centers in Lebanon. Sociodemographic, material need variables, depression measured by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and diabetes fatalism measured by Diabetes Fatalism Scale (DFS) were collected.

Results
Most of the participants were men, married and with lower educational levels. Multivariate analyses revealed that having material needs security was associated with diabetes fatalism (β = -0.63(-1.13; -0.12)), and depression (β = -0.46(-0.78; -0.13)). Also, higher age (β = 3.49(0.91; 6.06)) and education (β = 3.42(1.18; 5.66)), and lower income (β = 3.25(0.62; 5.88)) were independently associated with diabetes fatalism. Being male was the only independent variable associated with less depression (β = -1.56(-2.97; -0.14)).

Conclusion
Our study highlights the importance of material needs security on mental health outcomes for adults with T2DM in the MENA region. Clinicians are encouraged to assess the impact of material needs on mental health outcomes. Further research is needed to understand potential pathways/mechanisms and options for effective interventions and policymaking.
RBFsim – A tool for early planning stage of riverbank filtration systems
Authors: Yadav Prabhas Kumar , Batheja Vibhu , Köhler Anton , Cantarella Vitor , Tufail Mudassar , Werth Charles , Grischek Thomas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRiverbank filtration (RBF) is increasingly being considered an effective method to support the management of water supply and the management of groundwater-river water exchange. Literature, however, provides very limited methods for the initial evaluation of the RBF system. Specifically, initial evaluations need to rely on limited data, be cost-effective, and provide sufficient useful output. The paper provides the development of a tool called RBFsim, designed for the early assessment of flow hydraulics in a riverbank filtration (RBF) scheme during site selection and optimization of well operation. The developed tool allows simplified computation (based on the Analytical Element Method or AEM) of the flow field for single and multiple wells in a 2D homogeneous and isotropic aquifer with uniform flow. The tool superimposes analytical solutions for key RBF quantities such as residence time (the time required for river water to reach the well) and the proportions of water (contributed by the river and groundwater) in the well discharge. These solutions are superimposed on the developed flow field. Additionally, the tool can be used to evaluate the impact of riverbed clogging on the operation of the RBF system. The simplified computation due to AEM and limited data requirements allows the tool to be used in handheld (smartphones) or desktop devices with or without internet connection. RBFsim results are verified by comparing them with results from MODFLOW and MODPATH simulations, which are based on entirely different (finite difference) computational schemes. The obtained results from both these models match within the error margin of less than 5%. Further, the practicality and applicability of RBFsim are illustrated using synthetic and field data. While the tool provides a matching river water contribution ratio with field data, it demonstrates the best-fit residence times primarily for higher well discharge rates. These limitations are attributed to complexities observed in the field, such as a heterogeneous aquifer and nonuniform flow. Overall, the developed tool simplifies the complex computations required, particularly for assessing the feasibility and risk of RBF schemes. The developed tool’s methods and code are open-sourced (licensed under CC-BY 4.0), which promotes personalized modifications and extensions.
(Not So) Lost in Translation: Considering the GA4GH Diversity in Datasets Policy in the Japanese Context
Authors: Sato Momoko , Muto Kaori , Momozawa Yukihide , Joly Yann 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The genomics community has long acknowledged the lack of diversity in datasets used for research, prompting various stakeholders to confront this issue. In response, the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) formulated a policy framework that recognizes the multiplicity of perspectives on diversity and proposed a systemic approach for more optimal data diversity. Given the importance of the research context, assessing this policy’s applicability within countries where diversity is less discussed is important. This study investigated the feasibility of implementing the GA4GH policy in Japan, a nation with a smaller genetic diversity than many Western countries. As the proportion of East Asian genomic research is limited internationally, focusing on the Japanese genome contributes to enhancing diversity. Meanwhile, labelling findings as “Japanese” can inadvertently reinforce perceptions of homogeneity and overlook ethnic minorities. Regions and socioeconomic status are also recognized as substantial factors of diversity within academia, yet concerns persist among the public regarding the heritability of stigmatized conditions. Social inclusion of sexual minorities has begun in Japan, but research surveys generally still use binary sex and gender categories, which underscores the need for additional variables. This study found that both academia and the public need to confront the overemphasis on homogeneity within Japanese society and hesitancy in addressing genetic factors. By doing so, more inclusive and diverse datasets can advance the field both ethically and scientifically. Perhaps the most important impact of the GA4GH policy will be to draw greater attention to the complex diversity challenges ahead in Japan.
Increasing virulence and decreasing fungicide sensitivity in Phytophthora capsici after continuous metalaxyl-chlorothalonil exposure
Authors: Sevillano-Serrano Jacobo , Larsen John , Rojas-Rojas Fernando Uriel , Vega-Arreguín Julio C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSeveral fungicide products with metalaxyl-chlorothalonil as the active ingredients are available in the Mexican market. Applying products containing this mixture of molecules is a common method that farmers choose to prevent damage caused to crops by Phytophthora capsici. Despite the efficacy of the mixture of metalaxyl-chlorothalonil in controlling the growth of this pathogen, their intensive use could contribute to the development of multidrug-resistant strains. Additionally, the dynamics of resistance to commercial metalaxyl-chlorothalonil-based fungicides and the virulence of P. capsici during continuous exposure are yet to be studied in detail. In this study, four continuous generations of P. capsici were exposed to two concentrations (5 and 100 μg·mL−1) of a commercial fungicide containing metalaxyl-chlorothalonil as the active ingredients. Changes in morphology, growth, and virulence were observed after the first interaction with the fungicide. However, in further generations exposed to the same amount of the product, the morphology and growth of P. capsici were partially restored, whereas its virulence was completely re-established. These results indicate a rapid adaptation to the metalaxyl-chlorothalonil mixture and highlight the importance of using different methods to control P. capsici and prevent the development of more virulent and multidrug-resistant strains.
Environmental and socio-cultural transition from traditional courtyard dwellings to contemporary housing practices in Morocco: insights from Arab and East Asian regions
Authors: Chahbi Mariame 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research explores the socio-cultural shifts in housing practices, specifically the transition from traditional courtyard dwellings to contemporary housing arrangements in Morocco. The courtyard housing typology, with its roots in Neolithic settlements, embodies a fusion of local architectural traditions with modern techniques, offering inspiration for humane and sustainable design. Influenced by social, environmental, and cultural factors, the courtyard house has played a pivotal role in the traditional Moroccan architecture. This research study employs a qualitative methodology based on secondary data sources, conducting case studies in different climatic regions to explore the socio-cultural shifts from traditional courtyard dwellings to contemporary housing practices in Morocco. The study also provides insights from successful examples from Arab and East-Asian regions to provide evidence of the applicability of courtyards in diverse cultural contexts. These case studies provide in-depth examinations of the modern transformations of courtyard housing and the emergence of collective housing models. This research aims to provide a holistic understanding of the socio-cultural dynamics shaping housing practices in Morocco, while drawing valuable insights from modern transformation of courtyard housing examples in Arab and East Asian regions. The challenge lies in adapting these insights to create modern courtyard houses aligned with current needs exploring the potential for a contemporary revival of courtyard design, blending past and present values to create responsive urban forms that meet the evolving needs of modern society.
Review on the effects of solvent physical properties on the performance of slot-die coated perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ma Yujiao , Liu Chong , Zhang Mingyu , Mai Yaohua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSlot-die coating (SDC) has become a great method for fabricating large-area perovskite solar cells and modules due to controllable film thickness, high solution utilization rate, wide solution viscosity range and fast response speed. During the coating process, solvent properties play important roles in the formation of perovskite films, which further affects the device performance. This review introduces the structure and principle of the slot-die coater, and summarizes the research progress of SDC based perovskite solar cells and modules. Notably, the effects of physical properties such as rheological properties and evaporation rate of different solvents on the slot-die coating process and crystallization process are highlighted. Finally, challenges and opportunities in the commercialization of perovskite solar cells are also discussed.
Cystic pancreatic neoplasms: what we need to know and new perspectives
Authors: Galluzzo Antonio , Bogani Silvia , Fedeli Filippo , Danti Ginevra , Miele Vittorio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) include a broad spectrum of entities, which greatly differ in their malignant potential and may provide a diagnostic challenge. PCLs can be categorised into: pseudocysts; common cystic neoplasms; uncommon cystic neoplasms and tumours with cystic degeneration. Large lesions are usually possible to differentiate, but small lesions’ characterisation is often not possible. This means that many pancreatic cysts remain undetermined and guidelines are needed for follow-up and management. It is important to make distinction between mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN) and intraductal pancreatic mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), because all MCN should be resected whereas there is time for observation in specific cases of side branch IPMN. With regards to IPMN, guidelines have established features associated with increased risk of malignancy: the “worrisome” features and high-risk stigmata. It should be considered that the presence of an IPMN may portend an increased risk of invasive pancreatic cancer in a different site of the pancreas. The assessment of PCLs should provide imaging features such as cyst morphology or presence of duct communication, and clinical findings including cystic fluid analysis to improve diagnostic accuracy. Radiomics represents an emerging field of interest that could add some information in the future for the differential diagnosis and follow-up of these lesions. The aim of this study was to define a diagnostic approach to PCLs according to the latest guidelines; a review of the latest developments in radiomics regarding PCLs was also carried out.
Global Cloud Biases in Optical Satellite Remote Sensing of Rivers
Authors: Langhorst Theodore , Andreadis Konstantinos M. , Allen George H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSatellite imagery provides a global perspective for studying river hydrology and water quality, but clouds remain a fundamental limitation of optical sensors. Explicit studies of this problem were limited to specific locations or regions. In this study, we characterize the global severity of this limitation by analyzing 22 years of daily satellite cloud cover data and modeled river discharge for a global sample 21,642 river reaches of diverse sizes and climates. Our results show that the bias in observed river discharge is highly organized in space, particularly affecting Tropical and Arctic rivers. Given the fundamental nature of this cloud limitation, optical satellites will always provide a biased representation of river conditions. We discuss several strategies to mitigate bias, including modeling, data fusion, and temporal averaging, yet these methods introduce their own challenges and uncertainties.
On the Physical Mechanisms Driving the Different Deep Penetration of Radiation Belt Electrons and Protons
Authors: Mei Yang , Li Xinlin , Zhao Hong , Xiang Zheng , Hogan Benjamin , O'Brien Declan , Sarris Theodore 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDuring active geomagnetic periods both electrons and protons in the outer radiation belt have been frequently observed to penetrate to low L (<4). Previous studies have demonstrated systematic differences in the deep penetration of the two species of particles, most notably that the penetration of protons is observed less frequently than for electrons of the same energies. A recent study by Mei et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101921) showed that the time‐varying convection electric field contributes to the deeper penetration of low‐energy electrons and that a radial diffusion‐convection model can be used to reproduce the storm‐time penetration of lower‐energy electrons to lower L. In this study, we analyze and provide physical explanations for the different behaviors of electrons and protons in terms of their penetration depth to low L. A radial diffusion‐convection model is applied for the two species with coefficients that are adjusted according to the mass‐dependent relativistic effects on electron and proton drift velocity, and the different loss mechanisms included for each species. Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave scattering losses for 100s of keV protons during a specific event are modeled and quantified; the results suggest that EMIC waves interacting with protons of lower energies than electrons can contribute to prevent the inward transport of the protons.
Learning-based real-time imaging through dynamic scattering media
Authors: Liu Haishan , Wang Fei , Jin Ying , Ma Xianzheng , Li Siteng , Bian Yaoming , Situ Guohai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImaging through dynamic scattering media is one of the most challenging yet fascinating problems in optics, with applications spanning from biological detection to remote sensing. In this study, we propose a comprehensive learning-based technique that facilitates real-time, non-invasive, incoherent imaging of real-world objects through dense and dynamic scattering media. We conduct extensive experiments, demonstrating the capability of our technique to see through turbid water and natural fog. The experimental results indicate that the proposed technique surpasses existing approaches in numerous aspects and holds significant potential for imaging applications across a broad spectrum of disciplines.
An integrated micromachined flexible ultrasonic-inductive sensor for pipe contaminant multiparameter detection
Authors: Yuan Zheng , Wu Xiaoyu , Li Zhikang , Yuan Jiawei , Zhao Yihe , Li Zixuan , Qin Shaohui , Ma Qi , Shi Xuan , Zhao Zilong , Li Jiazhu , Zhang Shiwang , Jing Weixuan , Wang Xiaozhang , Zhao Libo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPipe contaminant detection holds considerable importance within various industries, such as the aviation, maritime, medicine, and other pertinent fields. This capability is beneficial for forecasting equipment potential failures, ascertaining operational situations, timely maintenance, and lifespan prediction. However, the majority of existing methods operate offline, and the detectable parameters online are relatively singular. This constraint hampers real-time on-site detection and comprehensive assessments of equipment status. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a sensing method that integrates an ultrasonic unit and an electromagnetic inductive unit for the real-time detection of diverse contaminants and flow rates within a pipeline. The ultrasonic unit comprises a flexible transducer patch fabricated through micromachining technology, which can not only make installation easier but also focus the sound field. Moreover, the sensing unit incorporates three symmetrical solenoid coils. Through a comprehensive analysis of ultrasonic and induction signals, the proposed method can be used to effectively discriminate magnetic metal particles (e.g., iron), nonmagnetic metal particles (e.g., copper), nonmetallic particles (e.g., ceramics), and bubbles. This inclusive categorization encompasses nearly all types of contaminants that may be present in a pipeline. Furthermore, the fluid velocity can be determined through the ultrasonic Doppler frequency shift. The efficacy of the proposed detection principle has been validated by mathematical models and finite element simulations. Various contaminants with diverse velocities were systematically tested within a 14 mm diameter pipe. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed sensor can effectively detect contaminants within the 0.5−3 mm range, accurately distinguish contaminant types, and measure flow velocity.
Autophagy modulation attenuates sorafenib resistance in HCC induced in rats
Authors: Elleithi Yomna , El-Gayar Amal , Amin Mohamed N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has risen as the villain of cancer-related death globally, with a usual cruel forecasting. Sorafenib was officially approved by the FDA as first-line treatment for advanced HCC. Despite the brilliant promise revealed in research, actual clinical results are limited due to the widespread appearance of drug resistance. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been correlated to pharmacological resistance, implying that existing cellular level strategies may be insufficient to improve therapy success. The role of autophagy in cancer is a two-edged sword. On one hand, autophagy permits malignant cells to overcome stress, such as hypoxic TME and therapy-induced starvation. Autophagy, on the other hand, plays an important role in damage suppression, which can reduce carcinogenesis. As a result, controlling autophagy is certainly a viable technique in cancer therapy. The goal of this study was to investigate at the impact of autophagy manipulation with sorafenib therapy by analyzing autophagy induction and inhibition to sorafenib monotherapy in rats with HCC. Western blot, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and quantitative-PCR were used to investigate autophagy, apoptosis, and the cell cycle. Routine biochemical and pathological testing was performed. Ultracellular features and autophagic entities were observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Both regimens demonstrated significant reductions in chemotherapeutic resistance and hepatoprotective effects. According to the findings, both autophagic inhibitors and inducers are attractive candidates for combating sorafenib-induced resistance in HCC.
Should the scope of NIPT be limited by a ‘threshold of seriousness’?
Authors: Taylor-Sands Michelle , Johnston Molly , Mills Catherine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has the potential to screen for a wider range of genetic conditions than is currently possible at an early stage of pregnancy and with minimal risks. As such, there have been calls to apply a ‘threshold of seriousness’ to limit the scope of conditions being tested. This approach is based on concerns about society at large and the potential impact on specific groups within it. In this paper, we argue that limiting the scope of NIPT using the criterion of ‘seriousness’ is arbitrary, potentially stigmatises certain disabilities over others and fails to respect reproductive autonomy. We contend that concerns about expanded NIPT are more appropriately addressed by the provision of adequate information, counselling and consent procedures. We recommend a decision-making process that helps healthcare providers support prospective parents to make informed decisions about the nature and scope of NIPT screening based on their own values and social context. In addition to addressing concerns about expanded NIPT screening, this process would help clinicians to obtain legally valid consent and discharge their duty of care (including the duty to inform) in the prenatal context.