bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution à la définition du concept de « Pays » : application au « Pays Barrois »
Authors: Rolland-May Christiane , Prosic Michel 
Published: February 2015

Ein Beitrag zur Definition des franzosischen Begriffs « Pays » am Beispiel des « Pays barrais ». — Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es zunàchst. den franzosischen Begriff « Pays » im Sinne des Raumplanungsgesetzes vom 1995 vorzustellen, anschliessend eine spezifische Methodologie zu entwickeln und schliesslich das Konzept auf ein konkretes Beispiel anzuwenden. Zunächst untergliedert unsere Studie den Begriff « territoriale Kohasion » in drei Komponenten : territoriale Identität, territoriale Organisation, und Fähigkeit ein Entwicklungsprojekt durchzuführen. Diese drei Elemente werden definiert und naher ausgeführt. Die entwickelte Methode setzt diese drei Komponeten in der Form von unscharfen Netzwerken um. Letztere werden zusammengesetzt, um das « Pays » allgemein zu umreissen.
Die Anwendung der Methode auf das « Pays » von Bar-le-Duc (Meuse) bezieht sich auf ein Gebiet. das zum einen im kern die Täler des Ornain und der Saulx und zum anderen verschieden grosse und asymetrische territoriale Einheiten umfasst, die in weniger offensichtlicher Beziehung zum Kerngebiet stehen.
Das « Dreieck » Bar-le-Duc/Vitry-le-François/Saint-Dizier weist noeh eine ungenugende Koharenz auf.
Paysages hérités de la fortification «Séré de Rivières » au sein des Côtes lorraines
Authors: Durup de Baleine Airy 
Published: February 2015

Paysages hérités de la fortification Séré de Rivières au sein des côtes lorraines. — Dans le maillage des anciennes places fortes de la France de l'Est, les secteurs de Toul et de Verdun présentent des fortifications disposées en anneau défensif autour des unités urbaines. Cette organisation découle de l'édification, de 1874 à 1914, le long des nouvelles frontières de l'Est définies par le traité de Francfort, d'une importante ligne de défense fortifiée connue sous le nom de «système Séré de Rivières », appuyée en Lorraine occidentale sur les reliefs des Côtes de Meuse. 80 ans après leur achèvement, ces systèmes militaires, bien que privés du contexte géniteur, sont encore fortement gravés dans les paysages, leurs composantes résistant à la contraction de l'espace paléo-militarisé tout en subissant l'intrusion de nouveaux usages. À l'est de Toul, les ouvrages militaires d'un ancien secteur de défense, désaffectés par étapes à partir de 1965, sont devenus propriété de collectivités ou de particuliers. Le repli militaire engendre des réutilisations variées mais d'une faible portée. Deux anciennes unités de combat éloignées de Toul (redoute de Dommartin, ouvrage du Charmois) montrent, par-delà les clivages morphologiques et les divergences dans les réaffectations, la faible dynamique intrinsèque de ces paysages rémanents : l'héritage corporel du bâti reste figé, fossilisé sous des nappes végétales spontanées, alors que l'enveloppe militaire s'est contractée ou diluée au sein de la forêt ou des terres agricoles. L'éclatement de l'ancien polygone-caserne du Luxembourg en plusieurs blocs fonctionnels souligne la digestion sélective de l'espace paléo-militarisé qui s'opère en zone périurbaine.
Devant Verdun, le géofaciès du secteur fortifié de Froideterre résulte d'une double matrice : un programme de fortification normalisé ancre ses volumes et ses masses bétonnées. La guerre d'artillerie y imprime en 1916 une microtopographie bouleversée, symptomatique des polémo-paysages de champ de bataille. Objet depuis 15 ans d'un traitement paysager destiné à sublimer son capital-mémoire, le parc archéologique de Froideterre dénote une logique de compartimentage. Rétracté au seul ouvrage militaire, coupé des boisements de reconstitution forestière qui ailleurs ont fossilisé les ouvrages fortifiés, il est segmenté en zones spécialisées. Au sein d'un territoire d'exception, cet îlot exprime la dérive contrôlée et calibrée d'une cellule militaire vers un système sensible et adapté aux contraintes fonctionnelles du tourisme historique.
High Incidence of Lamivudine-Resistance-Associated Vaccine-Escape HBV Mutants among HIV-Coinfected Patients on Prolonged Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Pal Ananya , Sarkar Neelakshi , Saha Debraj , Guha Subhashish K , Saha Bibhuti , Chakrabarti Sekhar , Chakravarty Runu 
Published: February 2015

Background Worldwide, frequent emergence of lamivudine (3TC)-resistant HBV mutants has been reported in HIV–HBV-coinfected patients during long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) that contains 3TC as the sole anti-HBV drug. Three major patterns of mutations in HBV polymerase gene, namely single (rtM204V), double (rtL180M+rtM204V) and triple (rtV173L+rtL180M+rtM204V) mutations, are associated with 3TC-resistance; additionally, the triple mutation has vaccine-escape potential due to a corresponding change in overlapping surface gene. Data from India, a major reservoir for HIV and HBV infection, is lacking. Here we investigated the effect of long-term 3TC treatment on virological response for HBV and characterized the 3TC-resistant HBV mutations in a cohort of HIV–HBV-coinfected patients from eastern India. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in HIV-infected patients ( n=563) receiving 3TC-containing ART for ≥6 months from the major ART centre of eastern India during 2011–2012. The hepatitis B surface antigen-positive HIV-infected patients ( n=62) were categorized into four groups with comparable sample size according to the 3TC exposure for ≥6–<12 months (group I; n=15), ≥12–<24 months (group II; n=20), ≥24–<48 months (group III; n=13) and ≥48 months (group IV; n=14). Patients’ plasma samples were examined for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), HBV DNA, viral load and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). HBV reverse transcriptase region was sequenced. Results With a longer period of 3TC exposure, the frequency of HIV–HBV-coinfected patients having HBV DNA suppression decreased. The prevalence of HBeAg-positivity, serum HBV DNA load >2,000 IU/ml and 3TC-resistant mutations simultaneously increased. Remarkably, the 3TC-resistant triple mutation predominated over the double mutation in this cohort (32.26% versus 19.34%) and prevailed in significantly higher frequency among HBV viraemic patients experiencing 3TC for ≥48 months (60% versus 10%; P=0.03). Patients with 3TC-resistant triple mutants had HBV genotype-D, high serum HBV DNA load and elevated alanine aminotransferase level, and presence of cccDNA in their serum. Conclusions Considering this alarmingly high incidence of 3TC-resistant triple mutation and its possible clinical/ public health implications, proper management of 3TC-resistance among HIV–HBV-coinfected patients is an urgent necessity in India.
Rapport au travail et carrière des jeunes salariés d'exécution des grandes entreprises du privé
Authors: Barbier Pascal , Seiller Pauline 
Published: February 2015

L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier le rapport à l’avenir des jeunes en emploi stable (en CDI dans de grandes entreprises du secteur privé) à travers leur rapport à la carrière et, en particulier, aux postes d’encadrement de proximité. L’accession à une promotion interne est une dimension structurante des expériences des individus au travail : elle offre un horizon professionnel et conditionne des types d’engagement dans le travail. Trois postures face à la carrière peuvent être distinguées chez ces jeunes : la volonté d’obtenir une promotion, la gestion du décalage entre les aspirations initiales et la réalité effective de la carrière, et la non-aspiration à la promotion.
L'expérimentation : un levier pour faire évoluer les politiques locales de la jeunesse ?
Authors: Hbila Chafik 
Published: February 2015

Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser le recours à l’expérimentation par des collectivités territoriales dans le cadre de leurs politiques de jeunesse. Quels sont les objectifs de ces expérimentations ? Comment sont-elles conçues ? Quelles démarches sont mises en œuvre ? Pour ce faire, l’auteur examine les processus par lesquels sept Villes de l’Ouest, à travers des projets qu’elles ont mis en place en direction des jeunes des quartiers populaires, envisagent l’expérimentation. Celle-ci se manifeste à travers trois modèles qui s’imposent comme des référentiels d’action : participatif, procédural et en rupture avec des pratiques antérieures.
Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein–Induced Apoptotic Dendritic Cells as a Novel Therapy for Atherosclerosis
Authors: Frodermann Vanessa , van Puijvelde Gijs H. M. , Wierts Laura , Lagraauw H. Maxime , Foks Amanda C. , van Santbrink Peter J. , Bot Ilze , Kuiper Johan , de Jager Saskia C. A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Modulation of immune responses may form a powerful approach to treat atherosclerosis. It was shown that clearance of apoptotic cells results in tolerance induction to cleared Ags by dendritic cells (DCs); however, this seems impaired in atherosclerosis because Ag-specific tolerance is lacking. This could result, in part, from decreased emigration of DCs from atherosclerotic lesions because of the high-cholesterol environment. Nonetheless, local induction of anti-inflammatory responses by apoptotic cell clearance seems to dampen atherosclerosis, because inhibition of apoptotic cell clearance worsens atherosclerosis. In this study, we assessed whether i.v. administration of oxLDL-induced apoptotic DCs (apopox-DCs) and, as a control, unpulsed apoptotic DCs could modulate atherosclerosis by inducing tolerance. Adoptive transfer of apopox-DCs into low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice either before or during feeding of a Western-type diet resulted in increased numbers of CD103+ tolerogenic splenic DCs, with a concomitant increase in regulatory T cells. Interestingly, both types of apoptotic DCs induced an immediate 40% decrease in Ly-6Chi monocyte numbers and a 50% decrease in circulating CCL2 levels, but only apopox-DC treatment resulted in long-term effects on monocytes and CCL2 levels. Although initial lesion development was reduced by 40% in both treatment groups, only apopox-DC treatment prevented lesion progression by 28%. Moreover, progressed lesions of apopox-DC–treated mice showed a robust 45% increase in collagen content, indicating an enhanced stability of lesions. Our findings clearly show that apoptotic DC treatment significantly decreases lesion development, but only apopox-DCs can positively modulate lesion progression and stability. These findings may translate into a safe treatment for patients with established cardiovascular diseases using patient-derived apopox-DCs.
Criteria for Dendritic Cell Receptor Selection for Efficient Antibody-Targeted Vaccination
Authors: Reuter Anika , Panozza Scott E. , Macri Christophe , Dumont Claire , Li Jessica , Liu Haiyin , Segura Elodie , Vega-Ramos Javier , Gupta Nishma , Caminschi Irina , Villadangos Jose A. , Johnston Angus P. R. , Mintern Justine D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Ab-targeted vaccination involves targeting a receptor of choice expressed by dendritic cells (DCs) with Ag-coupled Abs. Currently, there is little consensus as to which criteria determine receptor selection to ensure superior Ag presentation and immunity. In this study, we investigated parameters of DC receptor internalization and determined how they impact Ag presentation outcomes. First, using mixed bone marrow chimeras, we established that Ag-targeted, but not nontargeted, DCs are responsible for Ag presentation in settings of Ab-targeted vaccination in vivo. Next, we analyzed parameters of DEC205 (CD205), Clec9A, CD11c, CD11b, and CD40 endocytosis and obtained quantitative measurements of internalization speed, surface turnover, and delivered Ag load. Exploiting these parameters in MHC class I (MHC I) and MHC class II (MHC II) Ag presentation assays, we showed that receptor expression level, proportion of surface turnover, or speed of receptor internalization did not impact MHC I or MHC II Ag presentation efficiency. Furthermore, the Ag load delivered to DCs did not correlate with the efficiency of MHC I or MHC II Ag presentation. In contrast, targeting Ag to CD8+ or CD8− DCs enhanced MHC I or MHC II Ag presentation, respectively. Therefore, receptor expression levels, speed of internalization, and/or the amount of Ag delivered can be excluded as major determinants that dictate Ag presentation efficiency in setting of Ab-targeted vaccination.
Lyapunov Stability and Attraction Under Equivariant Maps
Authors: Braga Barros Carlos , Rocha Victor , Souza Josiney 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLetMandNbe admissible Hausdorff topological spaces endowed with admissible families of open coverings. Assume thatis a semigroup acting on bothMandN. In this paper we study the behavior of limit sets, prolongations, prolongational limit sets, attracting sets, attractors, and Lyapunov stable sets (all concepts deûned for the action of the semigroup) under equivariant maps and semiconjugations fromMtoN.
Incidence of the Finger Defect in Golden Jubilee Medical Center: A 2-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Amornvit Pokpong , Bajracharya Sahana , Rokaya Dinesh , Keawcharoen Konrawee , Raucharernporn Somchart , Thongpulsawasdi Nimit 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
The study was done to see the incidence of the finger defect and to develop a nomenclature system with the help of questionnaire, clinical examination, and radiographs of the finger defects obtained in two standard planes. The results of this study demonstrate that finger injuries were common males than females and the defect was more common in the right hand and in middle fingers. Amputation was more common at the level of distal phalanges.

How to cite this article
Amornvit P, Bajracharya S, Rokaya D, Keawcharoen K, Raucharernporn S, Thongpulsawasdi N. Incidence of the Finger Defect in Golden Jubilee Medical Center: A 2-Year Retrospective Study. World J Dent 2014; 5(3):143-146.
To Evaluate and Compare Effect of Calcium Hydroxide with Different Vehicles on the Mineral Content of Root Dentin: An EDAX Analysis
Authors: Jadhav Sameer , Bagmar Shweta , Dixit Vignesh , Shiraguppi Vijay Kumar L 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe aim of this study is to evaluate and compare effect of calcium hydroxide with different vehicles on the mineral content of root dentin—an EDAX analysis, after 1, 2 and 3 weeks.Materials and methodsSeventy-five freshly extracted single rooted teeth were selected for study and randomly divided into 5 groups. An access to the root canal of all teeth was prepared using a round and cylindrical bur (Mani Inc.). Canals were instrumented with stainless steel K file (Dentsply Maillefer, Johnson City, TN) so that the file extended beyond the apical foramen by 1 mm. And then canals were prepared to a size F2 with hand proTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Johnson City, TN). Copious irrigation with sterile saline was done. Sample of group 1—were sealed apically with bonded composite resin and coronally with cotton pellet and bonded composite resin. Samples of group 2—were filled with thick slurry made with calcium hydroxide and saline using lentulo spiral (Henry Schein). To ensure intimate contact with the canal walls, excess calcium hydroxide was intentionally extruded past the apex. Root canals were sealed apically and coronally in the same manner as in previous group. Samples of group 3—Calcigel (water based calcium hydroxide, Prevest Denpro Ltd), group 4—Metapex (oil based calcium hydroxide, Meta BioMed) and group 5—Calcium hydroxide and propylene glycol, were prepared in the same manner as previous group. The samples were maintained at room temperature and 100% humidity in incubator. After 7 days, 5 samples from each group were removed from incubator and the roots were vertically sectioned into 1 mm thick specimen with water cooled diamond disk. Each section of sample was then evaluated under EDAX. After 14th and 21st day 5 samples of each group were removed and tested in same manner as mentioned previously.How to cite this articleBagmar S, Jadhav S, Hegde V, Dixit V, Shiraguppi VKL. To Evaluate and Compare Effect of Calcium Hydroxide with Different Vehicles on the Mineral Content of Root Dentin: An EDAX Analysis. World J Dent 2014;5(3):170-173.
Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Implant Retained Mandibular Advancement Device
Authors: Amornvit Pokpong , Bajracharya Sahana , Rokaya Dinesh , Keawcharoen Konrawee , Supavanich Walop 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition which occurs from the narrowing of the upper airway. Obstructive sleep apnea in the edentulous patient can be caused by the anatomical obstruction of oropharyngeal space. In the elderly patients, the muscles of soft palate can easily be collapsed which can result in obstruction in respiratory passage. Oral appliance, namely, mandibular advancement device (MAD) is the recommended treatment appliance for the patient with mild to moderate OSA. In the elderly edentulous patients, OSA is worsening as these patients are difficult to treat with oral appliance due to with diminished vertical dimension and lack of retention for MAD. The use of osseointegrated dental implants and the locator attachments aid in the retention of the appliance provides support to the denture and the device, and also prevent trauma to the underlying mucosa. This case reports the technique of fabrication of MAD with elastic mandibular advancement (EMA) device to treat moderate OSA from implant retained complete dentures in maxilla and mandible in complete edentulous patient.

How to cite this article
Amornvit P, Rokaya D, Bajracharya S, Keawcharoen K, Supavanich W. Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Implant Retained Mandibular Advancement Device. World J Dent 2014;5(3):184-189.
An Unusual Case of Guava Seed Embedded in Buccal Mucosa for Past 6 Months
Authors: Sharma Shruti , Bumb Dipika , Sen Sumon , Priyadardshini Smita 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Foreign bodies in the oral cavity have included bullets, impression materials, teeth, fish bones, needles, plastics, pistachio nuts, earrings, and the traumatic implantation of a toothbrush and various food products.1 These foreign bodies have been found by, inspection, palpation or as incidental findings on radiographs. A thorough history may establish an etiology and timeframe in which the foreign body was embedded in soft-tissue. Foreign body implantation has been reported in the literature from long but exact nature of the specimen is not always revealed. This article documents a case of a foreign body which was a guava seed embedded in buccal mucosa for 6 months which was ruled out by its typical radiographic presentation.

How to cite this article
Sharma S, Bumb D, Sen S, Priyadardshini S. An Unusual Case of Guava Seed Embedded in Buccal Mucosa for Past 6 Months. World J Dent 2014; 5(3):193-195.
Taking Control: An Exploratory Study of the Use of Tilt-in-Space Wheelchairs in Residential Care
Authors: Shankar Sneha , Ben Mortenson W. , Wallace Justin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Tilt-in-space (TIS) wheelchairs are common in residential care, but little empirical evidence exists regarding how they are used by residents and staff in these settings. As part of a larger study exploring the use of wheeled mobility in these facilities, we conducted a substudy to examine how TIS wheelchairs are used in practice and to explore the experiences of the residents who use them. We conducted a series of three participant observations and interviews with 6 residents or their family members and interviewed 10 staff. Our analysis identified taking control as the main overarching theme, subsuming two subthemes: promoting comfort and mobilizing to participate. Findings suggest that power TIS wheelchairs enable user control, whereas manual TIS wheelchairs promote staff control. These findings illustrate how TIS wheelchairs may enable or inhibit occupational engagement and suggest that vigilance is necessary to prevent their use as a restraint.
Clinical Reasoning Guideline for Home Modification Interventions
Authors: Stark Susan L. , Somerville Emily , Keglovits Marian , Smason Aliza , Bigham Kelsey 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a clinical reasoning tool to describe an occupational therapist’s clinical reasoning process while delivering home modification interventions.
METHOD. We used a two-phase, mixed-methods approach. In Phase 1, we developed a personal factors guideline to support clinical reasoning in home modification interventions based on in-depth interviews, a focus group, and field observations of 6 home modification experts. In Phase 2, the guideline was validated by a second group of 6 home modification experts.
RESULTS. During analysis, 16 personal and environmental factors with a corresponding set of conditions and strategies for each factor emerged to form a clinical reasoning guideline, which was validated by a second group of experts.
CONCLUSION. Unpacking the “black box” of the clinical reasoning process has yielded a useful clinical reasoning tool that will allow occupational therapists to deliver complex interventions with fidelity.
Factors That Moderate Activity Limitation and Participation Restriction in People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Goverover Yael , Strober Lauren , Chiaravalloti Nancy , DeLuca John 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We examined the variables most associated with activity limitation (i.e., cooking) and participation restriction (i.e., employment) in 72 people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery assessing memory, executive functions, visual perception, and processing speed and completed questionnaires assessing activity, participation, fatigue, and affective symptoms. Results showed that processing speed was the only variable consistently significantly related to both activity and participation. When examining specific aspects of activity and participation in isolation, employment status was significantly associated with education level, visual memory, fatigue, and processing speed. Cooking ability was associated with performance on tasks of working memory, verbal memory, and processing speed. These findings suggest that processing speed is a primary cognitive factor in MS influencing quality of both activity and participation in everyday life.
Effectiveness of a Clinical Decision Support System for Pointing Device Prescription
Authors: Danial-Saad Alexandra , Kuflik Tsvi , Weiss Patrice L. , Schreuer Naomi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We present a novel, knowledge-driven approach to prescription of pointing devices that uses the Ontology-Supported Computerized Assistive Technology Recommender (OSCAR), a clinical decision support system (CDSS).
METHOD. Fifty-five occupational therapists were divided into four groups: two assistive technology (AT) expert groups and two novice groups. Novice Group 1 used the OSCAR CDSS for the prescription process, and Novice Group 2 used the conventional method. OSCAR’s effectiveness and its impact on users were evaluated.
RESULTS. The ability of Novice Group 1 to make suitable pointing device prescriptions was similar to that of the two expert groups and was significantly better than that of Novice Group 2. The system positively affected Novice Group 1’s learning of the prescription process.
CONCLUSION. The structure and organized framework for clinical reasoning of the OSCAR CDSS appear to enable occupational therapy practitioners inexperienced in AT to achieve performance levels comparable to those of experts.