bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Nav1.5 is modulated by ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n‐recognin UBR3 and 6
Authors: Zhao Chunxia , Wang Lijie , Ma Xiue , Zhu Weidong , Yao Lei , Cui Yingyu , Liu Yi , Li Jun , Liang Xingqun , Sun Yunfu , Li Li , Chen Yi‐Han 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe voltage‐gated Na+ channel Nav1.5 is essential for action potential (AP) formation and electrophysiological homoeostasis in the heart. The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is a major degradative system for intracellular proteins including ion channels. The ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component N‐recognin (UBR) family is a part of the UPS; however, their roles in regulating cardiac Nav1.5 channels remain elusive. Here, we found that all of the UBR members were expressed in cardiomyocytes. Individual knockdown of UBR3 or UBR6, but not of other UBR members, significantly increased Nav1.5 protein levels in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, and this effect was verified in HEK293T cells expressing Nav1.5 channels. The UBR3/6‐dependent regulation of Nav1.5 channels was not transcriptionally mediated, and pharmacological inhibition of protein biosynthesis failed to counteract the increase in Nav1.5 protein caused by UBR3/6 reduction, suggesting a degradative modulation of UBR3/6 on Nav1.5. Furthermore, the effects of UBR3/6 knockdown on Nav1.5 proteins were abolished under the inhibition of proteasome activity, and UBR3/6 knockdown reduced Nav1.5 ubiquitylation. The double UBR3–UBR6 knockdown resulted in comparable increases in Nav1.5 proteins to that observed for single knockdown of either UBR3 or UBR6. Electrophysiological recordings showed that UBR3/6 reduction‐mediated increase in Nav1.5 protein enhanced the opening of Nav1.5 channels and thereby the amplitude of the AP. Thus, our findings indicate that UBR3/6 regulate cardiomyocyte Nav1.5 channel protein levels via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. It is likely that UBR3/6 have the potential to be a therapeutic target for cardiac arrhythmias.
Treatment choices for patients with invasive lobular breast cancer: a doctor survey
Authors: Jacobs Carmel , Ibrahim Mohamed F.K. , Clemons Mark , Hutton Brian , Simos Demetrios , Caudrelier Jean‐Michel , Graham Ian D. , Smith Stephanie , Addison Christina , Arnaout Angel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesInvasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) has distinct features that present challenges for management. We surveyed doctors regarding management approaches, opinions on quality of evidence supporting their practice, and future research needs.MethodsAn online questionnaire was developed and circulated to breast cancer surgical, radiation and medical oncologists.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 88/428 doctors (20.6%); 22/56 (39.3%) surgeons, 21/64 (32.8%) radiation oncologists and 45/308 (14.6%) medical oncologists. The majority (65%) of surgeons were comfortable treating ILC patients using the same surgical management as patients with invasive ductal cancers (IDC). Furthermore, 25% would perform a similar surgery but would obtain larger gross margins. There was equipoise for radiation oncologists regarding whether or not ILC was an independent risk factor for local‐regional recurrence after either breast‐conserving surgery or mastectomy. Of those radiation oncologists who believe ILC is an independent risk factor for recurrence after mastectomy, 44.4% would offer radiation in the absence of usual indications. Medical oncologists approached systemic therapy for ILC patients similarly to those with comparable IDCs. Areas identified as most controversial and requiring future research were preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, radiotherapy post‐mastectomy and the responsiveness of ILC to adjuvant chemotherapy compared with endocrine therapy.ConclusionsThere is a variation in doctors' beliefs, management and opinions regarding the quality of evidence for the management of ILC. Clinical trials specifically assessing the management of ILC are required to guide clinical practice.
The free and cued selective reminding test for predicting progression to Alzheimer's disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Lemos Raquel , Marôco João , Simões Mário R. , Santiago Beatriz , Tomás José , Santana Isabel 
Published: June 2015

Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients carry a greater risk of conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, the International Working Group (IWG) on AD aims to consider some cases of aMCI as symptomatic prodromal AD. The core diagnostic marker of AD is a significant and progressive memory deficit, and the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) was recommended by the IWG to test memory in cases of possible prodromal AD. This study aims to investigate whether the performance on the FCSRT would enhance the ability to predict conversion to AD in an aMCI group. A longitudinal study was conducted on 88 aMCI patients, and neuropsychological tests were analysed on the relative risk of conversion to AD. During follow‐up (23.82 months), 33% of the aMCI population converted to AD. An impaired FCSRT TR was significantly associated with the risk of conversion to dementia, with a mean time to conversion of 25 months. The FCSRT demonstrates utility for detecting AD at its prodromal stage, thus supporting its use as a valid clinical marker.
Health‐care costs of underweight, overweight and obesity: Australian population‐based study
Authors: Clifford Susan A , Gold Lisa , Mensah Fiona K , Jansen Pauline W , Lucas Nina , Nicholson Jan M , Wake Melissa 
Published: June 2015

AimChild health varies with body mass index (BMI), but it is unknown by what age or how much this attracts additional population health‐care costs. We aimed to determine the (1) cross‐sectional relationships between BMI and costs across the first decade of life and (2) in longitudinal analyses, whether costs increase with duration of underweight or obesity.MethodsParticipants: Baby (n = 4230) and Kindergarten (n = 4543) cohorts in the nationally representative Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Outcome: Medicare Benefits Scheme (including all general practitioner plus a large proportion of paediatrician visits) plus prescription medication costs to federal government from birth to sixth (Baby cohort) and fourth to tenth (Kindergarten cohort) birthdays. Predictor: biennial BMI measurements over the same period.ResultsAmong Australian children under 10 years of age, 5–6% were underweight, 11–18% overweight and 5–6% obese. Excess costs with low and high BMI became evident from age 4–5 years, with normal weight accruing the least, obesity the most, and underweight and overweight intermediate costs. Relative to overall between‐child variation, these excess costs per child were very modest, with a maximum of $94 per year at age 4–5 years. Nonetheless, this projects to a substantial cost to government of approximately $13 million per annum for all Australian children aged less than 10 years.ConclusionsSubstantial excess population costs provide further economic justification for promoting healthy body weight. However, obese children's low individual excess health‐care costs mean that effective treatments are likely to increase short‐term costs to the public health purse during childhood.
A Test Method for Damage Diagnosis of Suspension Bridge Suspender Cables
Authors: An Yonghui , Spencer B.F. , Ou Jinping 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSuspender cables are one of the most vulnerable components of a suspension bridge; therefore, development of effective methods for damage detection is imperative. Many previous damage detection methods require an accurate finite element model, which is often difficult to obtain. This article proposes a model‐free test method for damage diagnosis of suspender cables that avoids this problem. The method includes two procedures: the mean normalized curvature difference procedure and the curvature difference probability procedure. Numerical results for single and multiple damage cases indicate that: (1) both procedures can be effective for damage diagnosis of suspender cables; (2) small damage can be more easily diagnosed in long suspender cables than short ones, for example, 5% stiffness reduction in long suspender cables can be diagnosed; and (3) noise is generally not a problem, because the signal‐to‐noise ratio can be improved by increasing the pulse excitation magnitude for a suspender cable. The proposed test method does not eliminate the need for manual inspection, but changes it from observation to a more quantified method. All of these points increase the potential of the proposed method for practical applications.
Fibrillary glomerulonephritis: An apparent familial form?
Authors: Ying Tracey , Hill Prue , Desmond Michael , Agar John , Mallett Andrew 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFibrillary glomerulonephritis is a rare cause of glomerulonephritis characterized by non‐amyloid fibrillary deposits of unknown aetiology. It is generally considered idiopathic but may be associated with secondary causes such as monoclonal gammopathy, hepatitis B and C infections, autoimmune diseases and malignancies. We report two Australian families with apparent familial fibrillary glomerulonephritis inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, and postulate the existence of a primary familial entity. Family 1 consists of an affected father and daughter; the daughter progressed to end‐stage renal failure within 18 months of diagnosis, despite immunosuppressive therapy. The father, however, remains stable at 10 months follow up. Family 2 comprises an affected mother and son; the mother commenced haemodialysis 5 years after diagnosis and subsequently underwent successful renal transplantation. The son is presently stable at last follow‐up after 5 years. A further review of the second family history reveals a third family member (maternal father) dying of ‘Bright's disease’. We describe their histopathology, clinical progression and treatment outcomes, and provide a review of the current understanding of this heterogeneous condition that is associated with poor renal outcomes.
Tree mortality from drought, insects, and their interactions in a changing climate
Authors: Anderegg William R. L. , Hicke Jeffrey A. , Fisher Rosie A. , Allen Craig D. , Aukema Juliann , Bentz Barbara , Hood Sharon , Lichstein Jeremy W. , Macalady Alison K. , McDowell Nate , Pan Yude , Raffa Kenneth , Sala Anna , Shaw John D. , Stephenson Nathan L. , Tague Christina , Zeppel Melanie 
Published: June 2015

SummaryClimate change is expected to drive increased tree mortality through drought, heat stress, and insect attacks, with manifold impacts on forest ecosystems. Yet, climate‐induced tree mortality and biotic disturbance agents are largely absent from process‐based ecosystem models. Using data sets from the westernUSAand associated studies, we present a framework for determining the relative contribution of drought stress, insect attack, and their interactions, which is critical for modeling mortality in future climates. We outline a simple approach that identifies the mechanisms associated with two guilds of insects – bark beetles and defoliators – which are responsible for substantial tree mortality. We then discuss cross‐biome patterns of insect‐driven tree mortality and draw upon available evidence contrasting the prevalence of insect outbreaks in temperate and tropical regions. We conclude with an overview of tools and promising avenues to address major challenges. Ultimately, a multitrophic approach that captures tree physiology, insect populations, and tree–insect interactions will better inform projections of forest ecosystem responses to climate change.
Genetics of resistance to Sesamia inferens infestation and its correlation with yield in maize
Authors: Sekhar Javaji C. , Karjagi Chikkappa G. , Kumar Bhupender , Rakshit Sujay , Soujanya Lakshmi , Kumar Pradyumn , Singh Krishan P. , Dhandapani Appavoo , Dass Sain , Kumar Ramanujam S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSesamia inferens (Walker) causes 25.7–78.9% losses in maize production in South and South‐East Asia. The genetic basis of host plant resistance is the prerequisite for resistance breeding. Twenty‐four populations derived from S. inferens resistant × susceptible inbreds were used to study the genetic regulation of resistance to S. inferens in maize, to determine the importance of genetic effects through generation mean analysis (GMA) and to understand correlation between resistance and yield. Resistant and susceptible inbreds differed significantly in leaf and stem injury ratings (LSIR), a measure of host plant resistance. Mean LSIR range among resistant and susceptible parents was 2.15–2.55 and 7.83–8.22, respectively. The broad‐sense heritability ranged from 0.40 to 0.71, and the mean number of effective factors ranged from 1.9 to 2.6. The resistance against S. inferens was largely governed by additive × additive (i), followed by dominance (d) and additive (a) gene effects. Significant negative correlation (−0.27 to −0.96) was observed between LSIR and yield. The findings suggest reciprocal recurrent selection for development of new inbreds with resistance followed by their involvement in hybrid development to exploit additive and non‐additive gene effects/variance.
Towards breeding of triploid chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) – Ploidy variation within German chamomile of various origins
Authors: Otto Lars‐Gernot , Junghanns Wolfram R. , Plescher Andreas , Sonnenschein Marlis , Sharbel Timothy F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGerman chamomile is an important medical plant with a long history of usage and a wide range of medical applications. Wild forms are diploid, whereas cultivated ones are diploid and tetraploid. Ploidy level variation within 15 origins (varieties, accessions, populations) of chamomile was investigated. Both naturally occurring triploids and those induced through directed crosses between diploid and tetraploid parents were identified and analysed, and these data could facilitate the exploitation of triploidy in chamomile as in other crop plants (fruit and ornamental plants).
A Prospective, Nonrandomized, Open‐Label Study of the Efficacy and Safety of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Adolescents with Primary Axillary Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Glaser Dee Anna , Pariser David M. , Hebert Adelaide A. , Landells Ian , Somogyi Chris , Weng Emily , Brin Mitchell F. , Beddingfield Frederick 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA in adolescents with primary axillary hyperhidrosis.MethodsThis 52‐week, multicenter, nonrandomized, open‐label study was conducted in 141 adolescents ages 12 to 17 years with severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis. Patients could receive up to six treatments with onabotulinumtoxinA (50 U per axilla), with re‐treatment occurring no sooner than 8 weeks after the prior treatment cycle and no later than 44 weeks after the initial treatment cycle. The primary efficacy measure was treatment response, based on self‐assessed hyperhidrosis severity following the first two treatments using the 4‐point Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS). Other efficacy measures included spontaneous resting sweat production and health outcomes.ResultsFifty‐six (38.9%) participants underwent one treatment, 59 (41.0%) underwent two, 20 (13.9%) underwent three, 6 (4.2%) underwent four, and 3 (2.1%) underwent five. OnabotulinumtoxinA significantly improved HDSS scores and decreased sweat production compared with treatment cycle baselines. Seventy‐nine patients (54.9%) responded to treatment based on HDSS criteria. From 56.6% to 72.3% of patients experienced a two‐grade or more improvement at 4 and 8 weeks after each of the first two treatments. The majority (79.4%–93.2%) had a 75% or greater reduction in sweat production at week 4 (treatments 1–3). The median duration of effect for responders ranged from 134 to 152 days. Using quality of life measures, health outcomes improved markedly. Eight patients (5.6%) had mild or moderate treatment‐related adverse events. No unexpected safety signals were observed in this study. Neutralizing antibodies to onabotulinumtoxinA did not develop.ConclusionOnabotulinumtoxinA injections provided beneficial effects in adolescents with primary axillary hyperhidrosis.
Conodont biofacies of the Taghanic transgressive interval (middle Givetian): Polish record and global comparisons
Authors: Narkiewicz K. , Narkiewicz M. , Bultynck P. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Conodont biofacies of the Lublin and Łysogóry–Radom basins in SE Poland have been analysed in five cored borehole sections in a narrow interval of the middle Givetian
Polygnathus ansatus
Zone, corresponding to the global Taghanic transgression. Assemblages exhibiting various proportions of dominant genera,
Icriodus
(I) and
Polygnathus
(P), as well as particular P species and a few accessory taxa, reflect both temporal transgression dynamics and lateral facies changes. The latter comprise transition from a brackish lagoon with intermittent open-marine influence, to a carbonate shoal and offshore marly shelf, generally characterized by P–I biofacies, but with a varying proportion of constituent genera and polygnathid species. Comparison of the Polish record with stratigraphically well-constrained, quantitative biofacies evidence worldwide allowed the construction of a 2D nearshore–offshore model for the Euramerican epicontinental faunas connected with Taghanic transgressive facies. The I/P ratio has a diagnostic value for specific sub-environments (very nearshore/shallow-water and drowned platform) but for other settings the
Polygnathus ansatus
to
Polygnathus linguiformis
ratio appears more useful. The Moroccan faunas display specific biofacies patterns tentatively explained by different climatic conditions. The conodont biofacies concept has a limited application for palaeogeographically isolated settings, including pelagic-oceanic areas of microcontinents or submarine rises. In other cases (Eastern Australia), palaeobiogeographical bias precludes direct comparisons with the Euramerican model.
Effect of Indomethacin and Salt Depletion on Renal Proton MR Imaging
Authors: Heyman S. N. , Mammen M. 
Published: June 2015

Blockade of the synthesis of vasodilating prostaglandins with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) renders the renal medulla susceptible to hypoxic injury with reduced renal function, especially in clinical conditions characterized by volume depletion. Alterations in renal hemodynamics and urine production may affect renal MR imaging under these circumstances. We injected salt-depleted and control rats undergoing proton MR imaging with indomethacin 10 mg/kg. Indomethacin abolished the cortico-medullary T2-gradient and markedly diminished the overall renal signal in salt-depleted rats only. These changes, which progressed over a period of 40 min after indomethacin was injected, probably result from renal oligemia and decreased urine production, with an associated decrease in T2-values. We suggest that a history of consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be obtained and taken into account in the evaluation of renal proton MR imaging, especially in the presence of salt and volume depletion.
Mr Spectroscopy in Clinical Research
Authors: Henriksen O. 
Published: June 2015

MR spectroscopy (MRS) offers unique possibilities for non-invasive evaluation of biochemistry in vivo. During recent years there has been a growing body of evidence from clinical research studies on human beings using31P and1H MRS. The results indicate that it is possible to evaluate phosphorous energy metabolism, loss of neurones, and lactate production in a large number of brain diseases. Furthermore,31P and1H MRS may be particularly clinically useful in evaluation of various disorders in skeletal muscle. In the heart31P MRS seems at the moment the most suitable for evaluation of global affections of the myocardium. In the liver31P MRS appears to be rather insensitive and non-specific, but absolute quantification of metabolite concentrations and using metabolic “stress models” may prove useful in the future. The clinical role of MRS in oncology is still unclear, but it may be useful for noninvasive follow-up of treatment.Taken together, the evidence obtained so far certainly shows some trends for clinical applications of MRS. Methods are now available for the clinical research necessary for establishing routine clinical MRS examinations.
Immediate and LAte Adverse Reactions in Coronary Angiography
Authors: Fransson S.-G. , Stenport G. , Andersson M. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose and Methods: In 120 patients in a double-blind, randomized, parallel study, iodixanol (Visipaque), a nonionic dimer isotonic with blood, was compared with ioxaglate (Hexabrix), an ionic low-osmolar dimer, in coronary angiography regarding early and late adverse reactions. Haemodynamic and electrophysiologic parameters were also analyzed. Results: Visipaque resulted in significantly fewer early adverse contrast medium-related reactions (p<0.05). Visipaque also demonstrated significantly fewer effects on electrophysiologic parameters. Both contrast media reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures at the 1st injection in the left coronary artery. Late adverse reactions were unusual with both contrast media and occurred only as urticaria with a frequency of 1.7%, which is lower than reported in i.v. studies. One serious adverse reaction, a myocardial infarction in a male patient with severe cardiovascular disease, occurred in the Visipaque group. This event was considered to be procedure- and disease-related rather than related to the type of contrast medium used. Conclusion: We found Visipaque safe for coronary angiography, causing fewer early adverse reactions than Hexabrix and also fewer effects on electrophysiologic parameters. Late adverse reactions seemed to be unusual with intra-arterial administration of contrast media.
Ultrasonographically Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Intrathoracic Tumors
Authors: Knudsen D. Ulrik , Nielsen S. Møller , Hariri J. , Christensen J. , Kristensen S. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy and complication frequency at ultrasonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of intrathoracic tumors. Material and Methods: A total of 134 ultrasonographically guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsies were performed on 128 patients with intrathoracic tumors abutting on the pleura. A cytologic diagnosis was obtained in 119 patients (93%). Results: In 83 patients, cytologic malignancy was found; in 34, benignity; and in 2, cellular atypia. A total of 117 diagnoses were correct and 2 diagnoses were false-positive. A malignancy subtyping based on the cytologic aspirates was made in 80 patients. In 40 (93%) of 43 histologically proven subtypes, the subtyping was correct. The complication frequency in terms of pneumothorax was 3.7%. Conclusion: Ultrasonographically guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy is a safe and reliable method of establishing the cytologic diagnosis of intrathoracic tumors.
Imaging of Tuberculosis
Authors: Brismar J. , Hugosson C. , Larsson S. G. , Lundstedt C. , Nyman R. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To show that intracranial tuberculosis (TB) often masquerades as brain tumour. Material and Methods: Forty-six patients with intracranial TB, who after CT at the local hospital were referred for surgery or radiotherapy of brain tumour, are presented. Sometimes the correct diagnosis was first established during surgery for tumour. Results: The differentiation between TB and gliomas, meningiomas, metastases, or lymphomas may be impossible from the clinical history and CT findings. Angiography, done in 25 of our cases, often helped by not showing the expected tumour vasculature. MR, performed in 9 patients, helped by demonstrating a layered capsule on T2-weighted images in 4 of the lesions (hypointense rim outside hyperintense rim); the centres of the lesions were of decreased, usually very mixed T2 signal intensity. Conclusion: Even in patients with findings typical of brain tumour, TB remains an important differential diagnosis.