bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of ACh release from guinea pig bladder urothelial cells: potential role in bladder filling sensations
Authors: McLatchie L M , Young J S , Fry C H 
Published: March 2014

Background and PurposeThe aim of this study was to quantify and characterize the mechanism of non‐neuronal ACh release from bladder urothelial cells and to determine if urothelial cells could be a site of action of anti‐muscarinic drugs.Experimental ApproachA novel technique was developed whereby ACh could be measured from freshly isolated guinea pig urothelial cells in suspension following mechanical stimulation. Various agents were used to manipulate possible ACh release pathways in turn and to study the effects of muscarinic receptor activation and inhibition on urothelial ATP release.Key ResultsMinimal mechanical stimulus achieved full ACh release, indicating a small dynamic range and possible all‐or‐none signal. ACh release involved a mechanism dependent on the anion channel CFTR and intracellular calcium concentration, but was independent of extracellular calcium, vesicular trafficking, connexins or pannexins, organic cation transporters and was not affected by botulinum‐A toxin. Stimulating ACh receptors increased ATP production and antagonizing them reduced ATP release, suggesting a link between ACh and ATP release.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results suggest that release of non‐neuronal ACh from the urothelium is large enough and well located to act as a modulator of ATP release. It is hypothesized that this pathway may contribute to the actions of anti‐muscarinic drugs in reducing the symptoms of lower urinary tract syndromes. Additionally the involvement of CFTR in ACh release suggests an exciting new direction for the treatment of these conditions.
Cardiac responses to β‐adrenoceptor stimulation is partly dependent on mitochondrial calcium uniporter activity
Authors: Fernández‐Sada E , Silva‐Platas C , Villegas C A , Rivero S L , Willis B C , García N , Garza J R , Oropeza‐Almazán Y , Valverde C A , Mazzocchi G , Zazueta C , Torre‐Amione G , García‐Rivas G 
Published: March 2014

Background and PurposeDespite the importance of mitochondrial Ca2+ to metabolic regulation and cell physiology, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate Ca2+ entry into the mitochondria. Accordingly, we established a system to determine the role of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter in an isolated heart model, at baseline and during increased workload following β‐adrenoceptor stimulation.Experimental ApproachCardiac contractility, oxygen consumption and intracellular Ca2+ transients were measured in ex vivo perfused murine hearts. Ru360 and spermine were used to modify mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter activity. Changes in mitochondrial Ca2+ content and energetic phosphate metabolite levels were determined.Key ResultsThe addition of Ru360, a selective inhibitor of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, induced progressively and sustained negative inotropic effects that were dose‐dependent with an EC50 of 7 μM. Treatment with spermine, a uniporter agonist, showed a positive inotropic effect that was blocked by Ru360. Inotropic stimulation with isoprenaline elevated oxygen consumption (2.7‐fold), Ca2+‐dependent activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (5‐fold) and mitochondrial Ca2+ content (2.5‐fold). However, in Ru360‐treated hearts, this parameter was attenuated. In addition, β‐adrenoceptor stimulation in the presence of Ru360 did not affect intracellular Ca2+ handling, PKA or Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent PK signalling.Conclusions and ImplicationsInhibition of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter decreases β‐adrenoceptor response, uncoupling between workload and production of energetic metabolites. Our results support the hypothesis that the coupling of workload and energy supply is partly dependent on mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter activity.
Effects of arginine 10 to lysine substitution on ω‐conotoxin CVIE and CVIF block of Cav2.2 channels
Authors: Berecki G , Daly N L , Huang Y H , Vink S , Craik D J , Alewood P F , Adams D J 
Published: March 2014

Background and Purposeω‐Conotoxins CVIE and CVIF (CVIE&F) selectively inhibit Cav2.2 channels and are lead molecules in the development of novel analgesics. At physiological membrane potentials, CVIE&F block of Cav2.2 channels is weakly reversible. To improve reversibility, we designed and synthesized arginine CVIE&F analogues in which arginine was substituted for lysine at position 10 ([R10K]CVIE&F), and investigated their serum stability and pharmacological actions on voltage‐gated calcium channels (VGCCs).Experimental ApproachChanges in peptide structure due to R10K substitution were assessed by NMR. Peptide stability in human serum was analysed by reversed‐phase HPLC and MS over a 24 h period. Two‐electrode voltage‐clamp and whole‐cell patch clamp techniques were used to study [R10K]CVIE&F effects on VGCC currents in Xenopus oocytes and rat dorsal root ganglion neurons respectively.Key ResultsR10K substitution did not change the conserved ω‐conotoxin backbone conformations of CVIE&F nor the ω‐conotoxin selectivity for recombinant or native Cav2.2 channels, although the inhibitory potency of [R10K]CVIF was better than that of CVIF. At −80 mV, the R10K chemical modification significantly affected ω‐conotoxin−channel interaction, resulting in faster onset kinetics than those of CVIE&F. Heterologous and native Cav2.2 channels recovered better from [R10K]CVIE&F block than CVIE&F. In human serum, the ω‐conotoxin half‐lives were 6−10 h. CVIE&F and [R10K]CVIE&F were more stable than CVID.Conclusions and ImplicationsR10K substitution in CVIE&F significantly alters the kinetics of ω‐conotoxin action and improves reversibility without diminishing conotoxin potency and specificity for the Cav2.2 channel and without diminishing the serum stability. These results may help generate ω‐conotoxins with optimized kinetic profiles for target binding.
Influence of Abutment Design on Stiffness, Strength, and Failure of Implant‐Supported Monolithic Resin Nano Ceramic (RNC) Crowns
Authors: Joda Tim , Huber Samuel , Bürki Alexander , Zysset Philippe , Brägger Urs 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundRecent technical development allows the digital manufacturing of monolithic reconstructions with high‐performance materials. For implant‐supported crowns, the fixation requires an abutment design onto which the reconstruction can be bonded.PurposeThe aim of this laboratory investigation was to analyze stiffness, strength, and failure modes of implant‐supported, computer‐assisted design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)‐generated resin nano ceramic (RNC) crowns bonded to three different titanium abutments.Materials and MethodsEighteen monolithic RNC crowns were produced and loaded in a universal testing machine under quasi‐static condition according to DIN ISO 14801. With regard to the type of titanium abutment, three groups were defined: (1) prefabricated cementable standard; (2) CAD/CAM‐constructed individualized; and (3) novel prefabricated bonding base. Stiffness and strength were measured and analyzed statistically with Wilcoxon rank sum test. Sections of the specimens were examined microscopically.ResultsStiffness demonstrated high stability for all specimens loaded in the physiological loading range with means and standard deviations of 1,579 ± 120 N/mm (group A), 1,733 ± 89 N/mm (group B), and 1,704 ± 162 N/mm (group C). Mean strength of the novel prefabricated bonding base (group C) was 17% lower than of the two other groups. Plastic deformations were detectable for all implant‐abutment crown connections.ConclusionsMonolithic implant crowns made of RNC seem to represent a feasible and stable prosthetic construction under laboratory testing conditions with strength higher than the average occlusal force, independent of the different abutment designs used in this investigation.
p‐Phenylenediamine and other allergens in hair dye products in the United States: a consumer exposure study
Authors: Hamann Dathan , Yazar Kerem , Hamann Carsten R. , Thyssen Jacob P. , Lidén Carola 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBackgroundHair dye products constitute an important source of allergen exposure, and contribute importantly to allergic contact dermatitis in consumers and hairdressers.ObjectivesTo evaluate the presence of potent contact sensitizers in oxidative hair dye products intended for home use on the US market.MethodsIngredient labels of 107 hair dyes from 10 major brands were examined and used to assess the prevalence of hair dye substances known to be potent contact sensitizers.ResultsOne hundred and six of 107 (99%) products contained at least one potent sensitizer, and the average product contained six (range 0–11). p‐Phenylenediamine (PPD) was found in 83 products (78%), but resorcinol (89%), m‐aminophenol (75%), p‐aminophenol (60%) and toluene‐2,5‐diamine (21%) were also frequently identified.ConclusionsPotent contact sensitizers were almost universally included in the hair dyes investigated in the United States. Although PPD is a common allergen, resorcinol and m‐aminophenol were found more frequently. In total, 30 potent sensitizers were found. Clinicians should consider other allergens in addition to PPD when evaluating patients with suspected hair dye allergy.
Hepatic artery complications following liver transplantation. Does preoperative chemoembolization impact the postoperative course?
Authors: Panaro Fabrizio , Ramos Jeanne , Gallix Benoit , Mercier Grégoire , Herrero Astrid , Niampa Halidou , Pageaux Georges‐Philippe , Navarro Francis 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may cause damage to the hepatic artery (HA) and impact the postoperative course of the liver transplantation (LT). We aim to describe the relationship between preoperative TACE and the occurrence of histological and radiological hepatic artery complications (HAC).MethodsAll cirrhotic patients with HCC undergoing LT between January 2009 and October 2012 were included and divided in two groups: TACE (group 1) and No TACE (group 2). HA histological complications were reviewed and compared.ResultsSixty‐seven patients were reviewed, 32 in group 1 and 35 in group 2. Both groups were similar in gender, age, cirrhosis origin, and American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score. After a mean follow‐up of 17 months, 10 radiological HAC occurred: seven in group 1 and three in group 2 (p = 0.02). There was one thrombosis in each group: six non‐thrombotic complications in group 1 and two in group 2. Histological screening showed 12 HA injuries in group 1 (three HA wall edemas, five fibrosis, one edema + fibrosis, one hemorragic necrosis + thrombosis, two thrombosis) and three in group 2 (two HA wall edemas, one fibrosis) (p = 0.01). All these injuries were found at the proper HA and at the right/left HA bifurcation level.ConclusionsDespite the limits of our study, we found a higher incidence of radiological and histological injury in patients underwent TACE.
Study of the impacts of patient‐educators on the course of basic sciences in dental studies
Authors: Renard E. , Alliot‐Licht B. , Gross O. , Roger‐Leroi V. , Marchand C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEver since 2006, Nantes University dental educators have started organising lectures led by the mother of a young patient suffering from ectodermic dysplasia (patient‐educator) to help second‐year students to better understand how important it is for their future dental work to better understand basic sciences. In this study, we have analysed this training experience on students' motivation. For this purpose, students were asked to complete questionnaires 10 days after the patient‐educator's lecture (early assessment; n = 193) and 4 years later, during the last year of their dental studies (delayed assessment; n = 47). Moreover, 3 years after the first lecture, we analysed the ability of students to diagnose a mother carrying the ectodermic dysplasia genetic disorder, using a case‐based learning exercise with a patient showing dental features similar to those exposed by the patient‐educator (measure of knowledge; n = 42). Ten days after the lecture, the early assessment shows that all the students were interested in the lecture and 59% of the students declared being motivated to find out more about genetics whilst 54% declared the same thing about embryology courses. Moreover, 4 years later, 67% of the students remembered the patient‐educator's lecture a little or very well. Three years after the course, 83% of the students diagnosed ectodermal dysplasia whilst studying the case‐based example that listed typical dental phenotypes. In conclusion, this study shows that this original educational approach enhances dental students' motivation in learning basic sciences and that patient‐educators could offer many benefits for students and patients.
Disparities in prevalence and risk indicators of loneliness between rural empty nest and non‐empty nest older adults in Chizhou, China
Authors: Cheng Pan , Jin Yu , Sun Hongmin , Tang Zhenhai , Zhang Chi , Chen Yuanjing , Zhang Qian , Zhang Qinghe , Huang Fen 
Published: March 2014

AimThe goal of the present study was to determine the disparities in prevalence and risk factors of loneliness between rural empty nest and non‐empty nest older adults in Chizhou, China.MethodsA sample of 730 participants (381 empty nest older adults and 349 non‐empty nest older adults) were surveyed using the University of California at Los Angeles‐Loneliness Scale, the 30‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐30), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Social Support Rate Scale, the Perceived Social Support from Family Scale and the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire abbreviated version.ResultsThe present study showed that the mean level of loneliness did significantly differ between empty nest older adults and non‐empty nest older adults (41.52 ± 6.98 vs 39.46 ± 7.38). Empty nesters had significantly higher GDS scores; by contrast, they received lower objective, subjective and family support. Family support, objective support and social interaction were associated significantly with loneliness, which was more pronounced in empty nest older adults, excluding subjective support and psychological domain. The GDS scores (β = 0.237, P < 0.001) and age (β = −0.114, P = 0.002) showed stronger significant associations with loneliness in empty nest older adults.ConclusionsLoneliness obviously prevails among empty nest older adults than non‐empty nest older adults. Depressive symptoms showed a stronger risk of empty nest older adults being lonely. Family support was suggested as a protective factor for loneliness in both groups. These findings should be considered when developing intervention strategies to reduce loneliness. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 356–364.
Molecular mechanisms regulating CD13‐mediated adhesion
Authors: Ghosh Mallika , Gerber Claire , Rahman M. Mamunur , Vernier Kaitlyn M. , Pereira Flavia E. , Subramani Jaganathan , Caromile Leslie A. , Shapiro Linda H. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryCD13/Aminopeptidase N is a transmembrane metalloproteinase that is expressed in many tissues where it regulates various cellular functions. In inflammation, CD13 is expressed on myeloid cells, is up‐regulated on endothelial cells at sites of inflammation and mediates monocyte/endothelial adhesion by homotypic interactions. In animal models the lack of CD13 alters the profiles of infiltrating inflammatory cells at sites of ischaemic injury. Here, we found that CD13 expression is enriched specifically on the pro‐inflammatory subset of monocytes, suggesting that CD13 may regulate trafficking and function of specific subsets of immune cells. To further dissect the mechanisms regulating CD13‐dependent trafficking we used the murine model of thioglycollate‐induced sterile peritonitis. Peritoneal monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells were significantly decreased in inflammatory exudates from global CD13KO animals when compared with wild‐type controls. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of wild‐type and CD13KO primary myeloid cells, or wild‐type myeloid cells pre‐treated with CD13‐blocking antibodies into thioglycollate‐challenged wild‐type recipients demonstrated fewer CD13KO or treated cells in the lavage, suggesting that CD13 expression confers a competitive advantage in trafficking. Similarly, both wild‐type and CD13KO cells were reduced in infiltrates in CD13KO recipients, confirming that both monocytic and endothelial CD13 contribute to trafficking. Finally, murine monocyte cell lines expressing mouse/human chimeric CD13 molecules demonstrated that the C‐terminal domain of the protein mediates CD13 adhesion. Therefore, this work verifies that the altered inflammatory trafficking in CD13KO mice is the result of aberrant myeloid cell subset trafficking and further defines the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation.
Primary care of female adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and disordered eating
Authors: McCarvill Rachael , Weaver Kathryn 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimTo identify the role of the nurse practitioner in caring for female adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus at risk for disordered eating behaviour and to formulate clinical recommendations for nurse practitioners in the primary care setting.BackgroundTransition into adulthood can be difficult for female adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Challenges associated with management of this illness may place adolescent females at an increased risk for disordered eating.DesignDiscussion paper.Data SourcesSourced literature from 1991–2013, located through CINAHL, Health Source, Proquest, PubMed, PsychInfo, Web of Science and Medline databases.Implications for NursingNurses involved in the primary care of female adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus need to be aware of the increased risk for disordered eating behaviours and develop the competencies to care for both the adolescent and her family to reduce the serious consequences of these behaviours.ConclusionAwareness and acquisition of the skills required to intervene will enable nurse practitioners to recognize clients at risk for disordered eating, gain appreciation of the motivation of female adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus towards disordered eating behaviours and give optimal opportunity for education, counselling and recovery. Future direction for research includes exploration of the experiences of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus; early interventions in the primary care setting; effective educational, preventative or supportive services for adolescents with this illness and their families; and outcomes to emerging technologies for insulin therapy on disordered eating occurrence.
SELF‐MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMES IN STAGES 1–4 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Bonner Ann , Havas Kathryn , Douglas Clint , Thepha Thiwawan , Bennett Paul , Clark Robyn 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex health problem, which requires individuals to invest considerable time and energy in managing their health and adhering to multifaceted treatment regimens.ObjectivesTo review studies delivering self‐management interventions to people with CKD (Stages 1–4) and assess whether these interventions improve patient outcomes.DesignSystematic review.MethodsNine electronic databases (MedLine, CINAHL, EMBASE, ProQuest Health & Medical Complete, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health, The Cochrane Library, The Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database, Web of Science and PsycINFO) were searched using relevant terms for papers published between January 2003 and February 2013.ResultsThe search strategy identified 2,051 papers, of which 34 were retrieved in full with only 5 studies involving 274 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Three studies were randomised controlled trials, a variety of methods were used to measure outcomes, and four studies included a nurse on the self‐management intervention team. There was little consistency in the delivery, intensity, duration and format of the self‐management programmes. There is some evidence that knowledge‐ and health‐related quality of life improved. Generally, small effects were observed for levels of adherence and progression of CKD according to physiologic measures.ConclusionThe effectiveness of self‐management programmes in CKD (Stages 1–4) cannot be conclusively ascertained, and further research is required. It is desirable that individuals with CKD are supported to effectively self‐manage day‐to‐day aspects of their health.
How long should infants at risk of drug withdrawal be monitored after birth?
Authors: Smirk Cameron L , Bowman Ellen , Doyle Lex W , Kamlin Camille Omar Farouk 
Published: March 2014

AimNeonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is an increasingly common disorder diagnosed in infants exposed to various drugs, causing immense financial and social burden. Recommendations from various bodies are for babies to be monitored for 4 to 7 days following birth so that prompt treatment can commence should symptoms develop. We aimed to determine the best post‐natal observation period in babies at risk of NAS.MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken of infants ≥35 weeks' gestation who received treatment for NAS in the period 2001–2010. During this time, the standard post‐natal observation period was a minimum of 7 days. Data including drug exposure, day of admission and day of treatment were collected.ResultsTwo hundred and ten babies were included. Drug exposure was predominantly to opiates (99%); however, most infants (58%) were exposed to additional substances (benzodiazepines, cannabis or amphetamines). Ninety‐five per cent of infants were admitted by day 5 of life. Of the babies treated by day 7, 98.5% had been admitted to the nursery by day 5. Infants with polydrug exposure were admitted significantly earlier; however, time to treatment was not significantly different to those exposed to opiate replacement therapy alone.ConclusionsIn our hospital, babies treated for NAS often required admission before day 5. This has implications for hospital resource allocation, suggesting that routine post‐natal observation for NAS could be shortened to 5 days. Further research is needed to help identify neonates who require more careful post‐natal observation.
Draft Genome Sequence of Campylobacter coli Strain IPSID-1 Isolated from a Patient with Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease
Authors: Criscuolo Alexis , de la Blanchardière Arnaud , Coeuret Solène , Passet Virginie , Saguet-Rysanek Virginie , Vergnaud Michel , Verdon Renaud , Leclercq Alexandre , Lecuit Marc , Brisse Sylvain 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

The genome sequence and annotation of
Campylobacter coli
strain IPSID-1 are reported here. This bacterial isolate is the first to be cultured from a patient with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID). The draft genome sequence is 1.683 Mb long, comprises 64 contigs, and has 31.26% G+C content.