bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation Of The Treatment Of Soil Swelling Using Grid Geocell Columns
Authors: Fattah Mohammed Y. , Al-Omari Raid R. , Ali Haifaa A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this paper, a method for the treatment of the swelling of expansive soil is numerically simulated. The method is simply based on the embedment of a geogrid (or a geomesh) in the soil. The geogrid is extended continuously inside the volume of the soil where the swell is needed to be controlled and orientated towards the direction of the swell. Soils with different swelling potentials are employed: bentonite base-Na and bentonite base-Ca samples in addition to kaolinite mixed with bentonite. A numerical analysis was carried out by the finite element method to study the swelling soil's behavior and investigate the distribution of the stresses and pore water pressures around the geocells beneath the shallow footings. The ABAQUS computer program was used as a finite element tool, and the soil is represented by the modified Drucker-Prager/cap model. The geogrid surrounding the geocell is assumed to be a linear elastic material throughout the analysis. The soil properties used in the modeling were experimentally obtained. It is concluded that the degree of saturation and the matric suction (the negative pore water pressure) decrease as the angle of friction of the geocell column material increases due to the activity of the sand fill in the dissipation of the pore water pressure and the acceleration of the drainage through its function as a drain. When the plasticity index and the active depth (the active zone is considered to be equal to the overall depth of the clay model) increase, the axial movement (swelling movement) and matric suction, as a result of the increase in the axial forces, vary between this maximum value at the top of the layer and the minimum value in the last third of the active depth and then return to a consolidation at the end of the depth layer.
Advantages Of A Time Series Analysis Using Wavelet Transform As Compared With A Fourier Analysis
Authors: Sleziak Patrik , Hlavčová Kamila , Szolgay Ján 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper presents an analysis of changes in the structure of the average annual discharges, average annual air temperature, and average annual precipitation time series in Slovakia. Three time series with lengths of observation from 1961 to 2006 were analyzed. An introduction to spectral analysis with Fourier analysis (FA) is given. This method is used to determine significant periods of a time series. Later in this article a description of a wavelet transform (WT) is reviewed. This method is able to work with non-stationary time series and detect when significant periods are presented. Subsequently, models for the detection of potential changes in the structure of the time series analyzed were created with the aim of capturing changes in the cyclical components and the multiannual variability of the time series selected for Slovakia. Finally, some of the comparisons of the time series analyzed are discussed. The aim of the paper is to show the advantages of time series analysis using WT compared with FT. The results were processed in the R software environment.
On South African Violence Through Giorgio Agamben’s Biopolitical Framework: A Comparative Study Of J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace And Z. Mda’s Ways Of Dying
Authors: Bartnik Ryszard 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this article I argue that the developments of countries going through transition from authoritarian to democratic rule are always stamped by numerous references to formerly sanctioned and fully operational institutionalized violence. A perfect exemplification of this phenomenon is [post-] apartheid South Africa and its writing. In the context of the above, both the social and the literary realm of the 1990s might be perceived as resonant with Giorgio Agamben’s ‘concentrationary’, deeply divisive imaginary. Escaping from, and concurrently remembering, past fears, anxieties, yet seeking hope and consolation, the innocent but also the formerly outlawed and victimized along [interestingly enough] with [ex]perpetrators exemplify, as discussed in J. M. Coetzee’s and Z. Mda’s novels, the necessity of an exposure of the mechanism of South African ‘biopoliticization’ of life. Their stories prove how difficult the uprooting of the mentality of segregation, hatred and the policy of bracketing the other’s life as insubstantial, thus vulnerable to instrumental violence, in [post-] apartheid society was. In view of the above what is to be highlighted here is the authorial perception of various attempts at disavowing past and present violence as detrimental to South African habitat. In the end, coming to terms with the past, with the belligerent nature of local mental maps, must inevitably lead to the acknowledgement of guilt and traumatic suffering. Individual and collective amnesia conditioned by deeply-entrenched personal culpability or personal anguish is then construed as damaging, and as such is subject do deconstructive analysis.
Multidisciplinary Design Optimization on Conceptual Design of Aero-engine
Authors: Zhang Xiao-bo , Wang Zhan-xue , Zhou Li , Liu Zeng-wen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn order to obtain better integrated performance of aero-engine during the conceptual design stage, multiple disciplines such as aerodynamics, structure, weight, and aircraft mission are required. Unfortunately, the couplings between these disciplines make it difficult to model or solve by conventional method. MDO (Multidisciplinary Design Optimization) methodology which can well deal with couplings of disciplines is considered to solve this coupled problem. Approximation method, optimization method, coordination method, and modeling method for MDO framework are deeply analyzed. For obtaining the more efficient MDO framework, an improved CSSO (Concurrent Subspace Optimization) strategy which is based on DOE (Design Of Experiment) and RSM (Response Surface Model) methods is proposed in this paper; and an improved DE (Differential Evolution) algorithm is recommended to solve the system-level and discipline-level optimization problems in MDO framework. The improved CSSO strategy and DE algorithm are evaluated by utilizing the numerical test problem. The result shows that the efficiency of improved methods proposed by this paper is significantly increased. The coupled problem of VCE (Variable Cycle Engine) conceptual design is solved by utilizing improved CSSO strategy, and the design parameter given by improved CSSO strategy is better than the original one. The integrated performance of VCE is significantly improved.
Breyten Breytenbach in een zijspiegel: Het vizier van H.C. ten Berge Transnationale laterale beweging en particuliere “hetero-images” van een literaire actor/ Breyten Breytenbach Through H.C. ten Berge’s Looking-Glass: Transnational Lateral Movement and Particular “Hetero-Images” of a Writer
Authors: T’Sjoen Yves 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
At the end of the 1960s and in the beginning of the 1970s the South African poet Breyten Breytenbach had poetry and drawings published in the leading literary magazine Raster. The editor in charge at the time, H.C. ten Berge, gave the experimental writer and socially engaged Sestiger (the literary modernizing movement in South Africa in the sixties) pride of place in the line-ups of the Dutch modernist periodical. In the seventies, Ten Berge contributed to Vingermaan (1980), a collection of poems by Dutch writers (Lucebert, Kopland, Kouwenaar, Schierbeek) in support of the anti-apartheid activist. From 1975 Breytenbach was imprisoned in South Africa for political reasons. He served seven years of a nine year sentence. At that time, in the eighties, the Netherlands organized a cultural and economical boycott against the racist regime in Pretoria. Later on, Ten Berge presented his own poems dedicated to Breytenbach in his book of poetry Nieuwe gedichten (1981) and in the collection Materia prima: Gedichten 1963-1993 (1993). Before and during the imprisonment of Breytenbach Ten Berge played an important role in the introduction of the writer in the Low Countries. From a cultural-sociological point of view Breytenbach’s presence in the Dutch language area can be described, in the terminology of Francoise Lionnet and Shu-mei Shih and later on used by Louise Viljoen, as a transnational lateral movement in his writing career. This paper deals with the cultural transmission of an important political and experimental author in the literary system of Afrikaans and English in South Africa into the Dutch system. From a bibliographical viewpoint this paper affords special attention to the publication of Breytenbach’s volume of poetry in Skryt: Om ’n sinkende skip blou te verf ([1972] 1976), Vingermaan (1980) and Nieuwe gedichten ([1981] 1987). Ten Berge played an important role in the introduction of Breytenbach to the Low Countries in the way he presented the author’s political and aesthetic ideas to a Dutch-speaking audience.
Unsteady Chemically Reacting Casson Fluid Flow in an Irregular Channel with Convective Boundary
Authors: Nasir Muhammad , Butt Adnan Saeed , Ali Asif 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A mathematical model has been performed for momentum, temperature, and mass concentration of a time-dependent Casson fluid flow between a long vertical wavy wall and a parallel wavy wall subject to convective boundary conditions. Perturbation technique is used to convert the coupled partial differential equations for velocity, temperature, and mass concentration to systems of ordinary differential equations. Analytical results for these differential equations are computed. The effects of various physical parameters such as thermal conductivity, thermal Grashof number, solutal Grashof number, heat absorption parameter, and Biot number are analysed graphically.
Overtaking Collision and Phase Shifts of Dust Acoustic Multi-Solitons in a Four Component Dusty Plasma with Nonthermal Electrons
Authors: Mandal Gurudas , Roy Kaushik , Paul Anindita , Saha Asit , Chatterjee Prasanta 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The nonlinear propagation and interaction of dust acoustic multi-solitons in a four component dusty plasma consisting of negatively and positively charged cold dust fluids, non-thermal electrons, and ions were investigated. By employing reductive perturbation technique (RPT), we obtained Korteweged–de Vries (KdV) equation for our system. With the help of Hirota’s bilinear method, we derived two-soliton and three-soliton solutions of the KdV equation. Phase shifts of two solitons and three solitons after collision are discussed. It was observed that the parameters α, β, β
1, μ

e
, μ

i
, and σ play a significant role in the formation of two-soliton and three-soliton solutions. The effect of the parameter β
1 on the profiles of two soliton and three soliton is shown in detail.
Evaluation for Occult Fractures in Injured Children
Authors: Wood Joanne N. , French Benjamin , Song Lihai , Feudtner Chris 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVES:To examine variation across US hospitals in evaluation for occult fractures in (1) children &lt;2 years old diagnosed with physical abuse and (2) infants &lt;1 year old with injuries associated with a high likelihood of abuse and to identify factors associated with such variation.METHODS:We performed a retrospective study in children &lt;2 years old with a diagnosis of physical abuse and in infants &lt;1 year old with non-motor vehicle crash–related traumatic brain injury or femur fractures discharged from 366 hospitals in the Premier database from 2009 to 2013. We examined across-hospital variation and identified child- and hospital-level factors associated with evaluation for occult fractures.RESULTS:Evaluations for occult fractures were performed in 48% of the 2502 children with an abuse diagnosis, in 51% of the 1574 infants with traumatic brain injury, and in 53% of the 859 infants with femur fractures. Hospitals varied substantially with regard to their rates of evaluation for occult fractures in all 3 groups. Occult fracture evaluations were more likely to be performed at teaching hospitals than at nonteaching hospitals (all P &lt; .001). The hospital-level annual volume of young, injured children was associated with the probability of occult fracture evaluation, such that hospitals treating more young, injured patients were more likely to evaluate for occult fractures (all P &lt; .001).CONCLUSIONS:Substantial variation in evaluation for occult fractures among young children with a diagnosis of abuse or injuries associated with a high likelihood of abuse highlights opportunities for quality improvement in this vulnerable population.
Trends in Morbidity and Mortality of Extremely Preterm Multiple Gestation Newborns
Authors: Yeo Kee Thai , Lee Qin Ying , Quek Wei Shern , Wang Yueping Alex , Bolisetty Srinivas , Lui Kei ,   for the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVES:
To examine the risk of mortality and major morbidities in extremely preterm multiple gestation infants compared with singletons over time.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective study of 15 402 infants born ≤27 weeks’ gestation, admitted to NICUs in the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network from 1995 to 2009. Mortality and major morbidities were compared between singletons and multiples across three 5-year epochs.

RESULTS:
Extreme preterm multiples were more likely to have lower birth weight; higher maternal age; and higher rates of assisted conception, antenatal steroid use, and cesarean delivery compared with singletons. The mortality rate was significantly higher in multiples compared with singletons even as there was a trend of decreasing gestational-age stratified mortality in multiples over the time period investigated. The rates of major morbidities or composite adverse outcomes were not different between multiples and singletons across all epochs. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for mortality in multiples was significantly higher in multiples compared with singletons (AOR 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.34). There were no differences in the adjusted odds for poor outcomes in multiples compared with singletons in the most recent epoch: mortality (AOR 1.00, 95% CI 0.84–1.19), major morbidity (0.95, 95% CI 0.81–1.10), and composite adverse outcome (0.96, 95% CI 0.83–1.11).

CONCLUSIONS:
Over the 15-year period, the odds for mortality in extremely preterm NICU infants of multiple gestation was significantly higher compared with singletons. The adjusted odds of poor outcomes in multiples were not significantly different from that of singletons in the most recent epoch.
Use of Temporary Names for Newborns and Associated Risks
Authors: Adelman Jason , Aschner Judy , Schechter Clyde , Angert Robert , Weiss Jeffrey , Rai Amisha , Berger Matthew , Reissman Stan , Parakkattu Vibin , Chacko Bejoy , Racine Andrew , Southern William 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND:
Because there can be no delay in providing identification wristbands to newborns, some hospitals assign newborns temporary first names such as Babyboy or Babygirl. These nondistinct naming conventions result in a large number of patients with similar identifiers in NICUs. To determine the level of risk associated with nondistinct naming conventions, we performed an intervention study to evaluate if assigning distinct first names at birth would result in a reduction in wrong-patient errors.

METHODS:
We conducted a 2-year before/after implementation study to examine the effect of a distinct naming convention that incorporates the mother’s first name into the newborn’s first name (eg, Wendysgirl) on the incidence of wrong-patient errors. We used the Retract-and-Reorder (RAR) tool, an established, automated tool for detecting the outcome of wrong-patient electronic orders. The RAR tool identifies orders placed on a patient that are retracted within 10 minutes and then placed by the same clinician on a different patient within the next 10 minutes.

RESULTS:
The reduction in RAR events post- versus preintervention was 36.3%. After accounting for clusters of orders within order sessions, the odds ratio of an RAR event post- versus preintervention was 0.64 (95% confidence interval: 0.42–0.97).

CONCLUSIONS:
The study results suggest that nondistinct naming conventions are associated with an increased risk of wrong-patient errors and that this risk can be mitigated by changing to a more distinct naming convention.
Public Perceptions of the Benefits and Risks of Newborn Screening
Authors: Miller Fiona A. , Hayeems Robin Z. , Bombard Yvonne , Cressman Céline , Barg Carolyn J. , Carroll June C. , Wilson Brenda J. , Little Julian , Allanson Judith , Chakraborty Pranesh , Giguère Yves , Regier Dean A. 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND:
Growing technological capacity and parent and professional advocacy highlight the need to understand public expectations of newborn population screening.

METHODS:
We administered a bilingual (French, English) Internet survey to a demographically proportional sample of Canadians in 2013 to assess preferences for the types of diseases to be screened for in newborns by using a discrete choice experiment. Attributes were: clinical benefits of improved health, earlier time to diagnosis, reproductive risk information, false-positive (FP) results, and overdiagnosed infants. Survey data were analyzed with a mixed logit model to assess preferences and trade-offs among attributes, interaction between attributes, and preference heterogeneity.

RESULTS:
On average, respondents were favorable toward screening. Clinical benefits were the most important outcome; reproductive risk information and early diagnosis were also valued, although 8% disvalued early diagnosis, and reproductive risk information was least important. All respondents preferred to avoid FP results and overdiagnosis but were willing to accept these to achieve moderate clinical benefit, accepting higher rates of harms to achieve significant benefit. Several 2-way interactions between attributes were statistically significant: respondents were willing to accept a higher FP rate for significant clinical benefit but preferred a lower rate for moderate benefit; similarly, respondents valued early diagnosis more when associated with significant rather than moderate clinical benefit.

CONCLUSIONS:
Members of the public prioritized clinical benefits for affected infants and preferred to minimize harms. These findings suggest support for newborn screening policies prioritizing clinical benefits over solely informational benefits, coupled with concerted efforts to avoid or minimize harms.
Guidelines for the Management of Extremely Premature Deliveries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Guillén Úrsula , Weiss Elliott M. , Munson David , Maton Pierre , Jefferies Ann , Norman Mikael , Naulaers Gunnar , Mendes Joana , Justo da Silva Lincoln , Zoban Petr , Hansen Thor W.R. , Hallman Mikko , Delivoria-Papadopoulos Maria , Hosono Shigeharu , Albersheim Susan G. , Williams Constance , Boyle Elaine , Lui Kei , Darlow Brian , Kirpalani Haresh 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Available data on survival rates and outcomes of extremely low gestational age (GA) infants (22–25 weeks’ gestation) display wide variation by country. Whether similar variation is found in statements by national professional bodies is unknown. The objectives were to perform a systematic review of management from scientific and professional organizations for delivery room care of extremely low GA infants.

METHODS:
We searched Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar for management guidelines on perinatal care. Countries were included if rated by the United Nations Development Programme’s Human Development Index as “very highly developed.” The primary outcome was rating of recommendations from “comfort care” to “active care.” Secondary outcomes were specifying country-specific survival and considering potential for 3 biases: limitations of GA assessment; bias from different definitions of stillbirths and live births; and bias from the use of different denominators to calculate survival.

RESULTS:
Of 47 highly developed countries, 34 guidelines from 23 countries and 4 international groups were identified. Of these, 3 did not state management recommendations. Of the remaining 31 guidelines, 21 (68%) supported comfort care at 22 weeks’ gestation, and 20 (65%) supported active care at 25 weeks’ gestation. Between 23 and 24 weeks’ gestation, much greater variation was seen. Seventeen guidelines cited national survival rates. Few guidelines discussed potential biases: limitations in GA (n = 17); definition bias (n = 3); and denominator bias (n = 7).

CONCLUSIONS:
Although there is a wide variation in recommendations (especially between 23 and 24 weeks’ GA), there is general agreement for comfort care at 22 weeks’ GA and active care at 25 weeks’ GA.
Late Diagnosis of Coarctation Despite Prenatal Ultrasound and Postnatal Pulse Oximetry
Authors: Lannering Katarina , Bartos Marie , Mellander Mats 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVES:To determine what contribution prenatal ultrasound screening and neonatal pulse oximetry screening (POS) make to the timely diagnosis of neonatal coarctation of the aorta (CoA).METHODS:We identified infants and fetuses diagnosed with isolated CoA in our referral area between 2003 and 2012 who died without surgery, underwent surgical repair before 2 months of age, or were terminated after a prenatal diagnosis. Clinical data were collected from hospital charts.RESULTS:Only 3 of the 90 cases were diagnosed prenatally. Two of the 3 were born alive and in 1 case the couple opted for termination of pregnancy. Nineteen of the remaining 87 cases were born in units that used POS (hand and foot) and 4 of 19 screened positive. Of the remaining 83 cases, 46 were discharged undiagnosed (7 after nondiagnostic echocardiography), including 9 with a murmur and weak femoral pulses and 8 with a murmur and normal pulses. One was diagnosed postmortem after dying at home, and 22 of the remaining 45 discharged infants were in circulatory failure on readmission. Five of the patients who were not discharged died without surgery and undiagnosed CoA was the most probable cause of death in 2 of these patients.CONCLUSIONS:The contribution of prenatal ultrasound screening and postnatal POS to the timely diagnosis of CoA was low. Careful physical examination of all newborns therefore continues to play a fundamental role in detecting this life-threatening cardiac defect, and better screening methods need to be developed.