bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation Machines and the Parasitic Politics of Life in Jamaican Disaster Resilience
Authors: Grove Kevin J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper unpacks a politics of life at the heart of community‐based disaster management to advance a new understanding of resilience politics. Through an institutional ethnography of participatory resilience programming in Kingston, Jamaica, I explore how staff in Jamaica's national disaster management agency engaged with a qualitatively distinct form of collective life in Kingston's garrison districts. Garrison life has been shaped by the confluence of political economic, cultural, geopolitical force relations, which creates a hyper‐adaptive life that exceeds the techniques and rationalities of neoliberal disaster resilience. I draw on autonomist Marxist and Deleuzian readings of biopolitics to identify a new subject of disaster politics that I call, after Deleuze and Guattari, “adaptation machines”, decentralized apparatuses of capture that are parasitically reliant on the population's immanent adaptive capacities. The concept of adaptation machines enables us to envision resilience politics as a struggle over how to appropriate vulnerable peoples’ world‐forming constituent power.
Oral sucrose and non‐nutritive sucking goes some way to reducing pain during retinopathy of prematurity eye examinations
Authors: Dilli Dilek , İlarslan Nisa Eda Çullas , Kabataş Emrah Utku , Zenciroğlu Ayşegül , Şimşek Yıldız , Okumuş Nurullah 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of oral sucrose combined with non‐nutritive sucking for reducing pain associated with retinopathy of prematurity screening.MethodsThis was a randomised controlled study of 64 infants undergoing eye examination for retinopathy of prematurity screening. Topical anaesthetic (Proparacaine; Alcaine® drop 0.5%: ALCON CANADA Inc., Mississauga, Canada) was applied 30 sec before the eye examination in all infants. The infants in intervention group (Group 1, n = 32) received 0.5 mL/kg of 24% sucrose with a pacifier. The control group (Group 2, n = 32) received 0.5 mL/kg of sterile water with a pacifier.ResultsThe groups had similar gestational ages (28.5 ± 2.8 weeks), mean birthweight (1304 ± 466 g) or corrected gestational age (35.4 ± 3.7 weeks) at examination. The intervention group had a significantly lower mean Premature Infant Pain Profile score during examination of the first eye, following insertion of the speculum (Group 1:13.7 ± 2.1 vs. Group 2:16.4 ± 1.8, p = 0.001).ConclusionAlthough sucrose combined with non‐nutritive sucking modestly reduces pain scores during eye examinations, there is need to further studies to explore significant pain relief for infants undergoing retinopathy of prematurity screening.
Kinematic gait analysis and lactation performance in dairy cows fed a diet supplemented with zinc, manganese, copper and cobalt
Authors: Yamamoto Satoshi , Ito Kazuhiko , Suzuki Kii , Matsushima Yuki , Watanabe Izumi , Watanabe Yutaka , Abiko Keima , Kamada Toshihiko , Sato Kan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study investigated how supplementation of the diet of dairy cows with trace minerals (zinc, manganese, copper and cobalt) affected kinematic gait parameters and lactation performance. Eight Holstein cows were divided into two groups, with each group receiving a different dietary treatment (control diet, or control diet supplemented with trace minerals) in a two‐period crossover design. Kinematic gait parameters were calculated by using image analysis software. Compared to cows fed the control diet, cows that received the trace mineral‐supplemented diet exhibited significantly increased walking and stepping rates, and had a shorter stance duration. Feed intake and milk production increased in cows fed the trace mineral‐supplemented diet compared with control groups. The plasma manganese concentration was not different in control and experimental cows. In contrast, cobalt was only detected in the plasma of cows fed the supplemented diet. These results provide the first evidence that trace mineral supplementation of the diet of dairy cows affects locomotion, and that the associated gait changes can be detected by using kinematic gait analysis. Moreover, trace mineral supplementation improved milk production and only minimally altered blood and physiological parameters in dairy cows.
In Vivo Evaluation of Cholinesterase Activity, Oxidative Stress Markers, Cyto‐ and Genotoxicity of K048 Oxime – a Promising Antidote against Organophosphate Poisoning
Authors: Žunec Suzana , Kopjar Nevenka , Želježić Davor , Kuča Kamil , Musilek Kamil , Vrdoljak Ana Lucić 
Published: November 2013

AbstractK048 is a member of K‐oximes, a new oxime class that has recently been confirmed effective against poisoning by the nerve agent tabun and several pesticides. The toxicity profile of the K048 oxime has not been fully characterized and its optimal therapeutic dose has not yet been established. Earlier studies report excellent results with K048 in reactivating tabun‐phosphorylated AChE and in the therapy of tabun‐poisoned mice. It possesses a low acute toxicity and exerts an acceptable toxicity profile on isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Intraperitoneal administration of K048 in rats resulted in an LD50 of 238.3 mg/kg. In this in vivo study, we investigated cholinesterase (ChE) activity and oxidative stress marker levels (lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity) in the plasma of exposed rats after administering the compound at 25% of its LD50. Lymphocyte viability was evaluated using an acridine orange/ethidium bromide in situ fluorescent assay. The levels of primary DNA damage in rat white blood cells were measured using the alkaline comet assay. The compound applied at 25% of its LD50 did not significantly affect ChE activity and lipid peroxidation and did not cause significant changes in the SOD activity in plasma. The cytotoxicity profile of K048 in the tested dose was also acceptable, and it did not possess significant DNA‐damaging potential. The obtained results are promising for further evaluations of the K048 oxime, which should include tests on a broader concentration range and longer incubation times.
Mitochondrial metals as a potential therapeutic target in neurodegeneration
Authors: Grubman A , White A R , Liddell J R 
Published: November 2013

Transition metals are critical for enzyme function and protein folding, but in excess can mediate neurotoxic oxidative processes. As mitochondria are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage due to radicals generated during ATP production, mitochondrial biometal homeostasis must therefore be tightly controlled to safely harness the redox potential of metal enzyme cofactors. Dysregulation of metal functions is evident in numerous neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, stroke, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Friedrich's ataxia. This review describes the mitochondrial metal defects in these disorders and highlights novel metal‐based therapeutic approaches that target mitochondrial metal homeostasis in neurological disorders.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Energy, Injury & Beyond. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐8
Small‐scale Farming and Grazing Reduce Regeneration of Polylepis tomentella (Rosaceae) in the Semiarid Andes of Bolivia
Authors: Domic Alejandra I. , Camilo Gerardo R. , Capriles José M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn the Andean highlands, Polylepis woodlands are a rare and unique ecosystem of the treeline. Although human activities have caused the loss of extensive forested areas and decreased woodland regeneration, few systematic and quantitative assessments have been carried out in Polylepis forests. This study compares differences in habitat characteristics, population structure, and reproductive output in populations of Polylepis tomentella subject to different levels of human disturbance in the south‐central Andes of Bolivia. We selected P. tomentella because the species still covers large extensions in the form of fragmented forest patches. Results show that human activities affected all the studied populations. Moderately disturbed populations exhibited a lower percentage of farmed area (0.6%) and browsed plants (4%) than strongly disturbed populations (5% and 12%, respectively). All populations exhibited similar proportion of plants with logging scars. Potassium content and canopy closure were 1.5 and 2.5 higher, respectively, in strongly disturbed populations. The density of saplings and seedlings were 75 percent and 80 percent lower in strongly disturbed populations than in moderately disturbed population, even though reproductive individuals produced twice more flowers and fruits. Our results suggest that fruit production does not limit regeneration of P. tomentella and post‐dispersal mechanisms may decrease seed germination and increase seedling mortality. Overall, strongly disturbed populations will be less likely to regenerate, leading to population decline. Conservation programs should facilitate forest recovery by promoting seedling establishment, reducing overharvesting and over‐browsing, and protecting remaining adult plants.
Expression of CD56 is an unfavorable prognostic factor for acute promyelocytic leukemia with higher initial white blood cell counts
Authors: Ono Takaaki , Takeshita Akihiro , Kishimoto Yuji , Kiyoi Hitoshi , Okada Masaya , Yamauchi Takahiro , Emi Nobuhiko , Horikawa Kentaro , Matsuda Mitsuhiro , Shinagawa Katsuji , Monma Fumihiko , Ohtake Shigeki , Nakaseko Chiaki , Takahashi Masatomo , Kimura Yukihiko , Iwanaga Masako , Asou Norio , Naoe Tomoki ,   The Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group
Published: November 2013

Expression of CD56 has recently been introduced as one of the adverse prognostic factors in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, the clinical significance of CD56 antigen in APL has not been well elucidated. We assessed the clinical significance of CD56 antigen in 239 APL patients prospectively treated with all‐trans retinoic acid and chemotherapy according to the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group APL97 protocol. All patients were prospectively treated by the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group APL97 protocol. The median follow‐up period was 8.5 years. Positive CD56 expression was found in 23 APL patients (9.6%). Expression of CD56 was significantly associated with lower platelet count (P = 0.04), severe disseminated intravascular coagulation (P = 0.04), and coexpression of CD2 (P = 0.03), CD7 (P = 0.04), CD34 (P < 0.01) and/or human leukocyte antigen‐DR (P < 0.01). Complete remission rate and overall survival were not different between the two groups. However, cumulative incidence of relapse and event‐free survival (EFS) showed an inferior trend in CD56+ APL (P = 0.08 and P = 0.08, respectively). Among patients with initial white blood cell counts of 3.0 × 109/L or more, EFS and cumulative incidence of relapse in CD56+ APL were significantly worse (30.8% vs 63.6%, P = 0.008, and 53.8% vs 28.9%, P = 0.03, respectively), and in multivariate analysis, CD56 expression was an unfavorable prognostic factor for EFS (P = 0.04). In conclusion, for APL with higher initial white blood cell counts, CD56 expression should be regarded as an unfavorable prognostic factor.
Molecular contribution to cleft palate production in cleft lip mice
Authors: Sasaki Yasunori , Taya Yuji , Saito Kan , Fujita Kazuya , Aoba Takaaki , Fujiwara Taku 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCleft palate following cleft lip may include a developmental disorder during palatogenesis. CL/Fr mice fetuses, which develop cleft lip and palate spontaneously, have less capability for in vivo cell proliferation in palatal mesenchyme compared with CL/Fr normal fetuses. In order to know the changes of signaling molecules contributing to cleft palate morphogenesis following cleft lip, the mRNA expression profiles were compared in palatal shelves oriented vertically (before elevation) in CL/Fr fetuses with or without cleft lip. The changes in mRNA profile of cleft palate morphogenesis were presented in a microarray analysis, and genes were restricted to lists contributing to cleft palate development in CL/Fr fetuses with cleft lip. Four candidate genes (Ywhab, Nek2, Tacc1 and Frk) were linked in a gene network that associates with cell proliferation (cell cycle, MAPK, Wnt and Tgf beta pathways). Quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR highlighted the candidate genes that significantly changed in CL/Fr fetuses with cleft lip (Ywhab, Nek2 and Tacc1). The results of these molecular contributions will provide useful information for a better understanding of palatogenesis in cleft palate following cleft lip. Our data indicated the genetic contribution to cleft palate morphogenesis following cleft lip.
Enculturation to musical pitch structure in young children: evidence from behavioral and electrophysiological methods
Authors: Corrigall Kathleen A. , Trainor Laurel J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractChildren learn the structure of the music of their culture similarly to how they learn the language to which they are exposed in their daily environment. Furthermore, as with language, children acquire this musical knowledge without formal instruction. Two critical aspects of musical pitch structure in Western tonal music are key membership (understanding which notes belong in a key and which do not) and harmony (understanding which notes combine to form chords and which notes and chords tend to follow others). The early developmental trajectory of the acquisition of this knowledge remains unclear, in part because of the difficulty of testing young children. In two experiments, we investigated 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds' enculturation to Western musical pitch using a novel age‐appropriate and engaging behavioral task (Experiment 1) and electroencephalography (EEG; Experiment 2). In Experiment 1 we found behavioral evidence that 5‐year‐olds were sensitive to key membership but not to harmony, and no evidence that 4‐year‐olds were sensitive to either. However, in Experiment 2 we found neurophysiological evidence that 4‐year‐olds were sensitive to both key membership and harmony. Our results suggest that musical enculturation has a long developmental trajectory, and that children may have some knowledge of key membership and harmony before that knowledge can be expressed through explicit behavioral judgments.
Poor responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a child with precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with SNX2‐ABL1 chimeric transcript
Authors: Masuzawa Aki , Kiyotani Chikako , Osumi Tomoo , Shioda Yoko , Iijima Kazutoshi , Tomita Osamu , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Oboki Keisuke , Yasuda Kazuki , Sakamoto Hiromi , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Hata Kenichiro , Yoshida Teruhiko , Matsumoto Kenji , Kiyokawa Nobutaka , Mori Tetsuya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn addition to BCR, various rare fusion partners for the ABL1 gene have been reported in leukemia. We have identified the fusion gene SNX2‐ABL1 in a pediatric case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which has only once previously been reported in an adult patient. Cytogenetic analysis detected this fusion gene arising from a t(5;9)(q22;q34) translocation. ALL cells carrying a SNX2‐ABL1 fusion exhibited a BCR‐ABL1+ ALL‐like gene expression profile. The patient poorly responded to dasatinib but partially responded to imatinib. Treatment using tyrosine kinase inhibitors requires further investigation to optimize the genotype‐based treatment stratification for patients with SNX2‐ABL1 fusion.
Task difficulty in mental arithmetic affects microsaccadic rates and magnitudes
Authors: Siegenthaler Eva , Costela Francisco M. , McCamy Michael B. , Di Stasi Leandro L. , Otero‐Millan Jorge , Sonderegger Andreas , Groner Rudolf , Macknik Stephen , Martinez‐Conde Susana 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMicrosaccades are involuntary, small‐magnitude saccadic eye movements that occur during attempted visual fixation. Recent research has found that attention can modulate microsaccade dynamics, but few studies have addressed the effects of task difficulty on microsaccade parameters, and those have obtained contradictory results. Further, no study to date has investigated the influence of task difficulty on microsaccade production during the performance of non‐visual tasks. Thus, the effects of task difficulty on microsaccades, isolated from sensory modality, remain unclear. Here we investigated the effects of task difficulty on microsaccades during the performance of a non‐visual, mental arithmetic task with two levels of complexity. We found that microsaccade rates decreased and microsaccade magnitudes increased with increased task difficulty. We propose that changes in microsaccade rates and magnitudes with task difficulty are mediated by the effects of varying attentional inputs on the rostral superior colliculus activity map.
Salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress and quality of life in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Lopez‐Jornet Pia , Martinez‐Canovas Ascension , Pons‐Fuster Alvaro 
Published: November 2013

AimLichen planus is a T cell‐mediated chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the status of oxidative stress in saliva and the anti‐oxidant defense system in relation to quality of life parameters in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP).MethodsThe sample consisted of 70 patients (40 with OLP and 30 control patients). The average age of OLP patients was 60 years (9 males and 31 females), and of the control group 57 years (6 males and 24 females). All participants completed the Oral Health Impact Profile‐49 quality of life questionnaire. Total anti‐oxidant activity and lipid peroxidation products in saliva were evaluated, using ferric reducing anti‐oxidant power and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance.ResultsMean levels of salivary malondialdehyde were higher in the OLP group than the control group (P = 0.001), and total anti‐oxidant capacity was lower among OLP patients than control patients (P = 0.02). There was no correlation between Oral Health Impact Profile‐49 findings and the oxidative stress parameters studied.ConclusionsThe results of the present study point to the possible function of oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of OLP. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 654–659.
‘Train‐the‐Trainer’: an effective and successful model to accelerate training and improve physiotherapy services for persons with haemophilia in China
Authors: Chen L. , Sun J. , Hilliard P. , Zourikian N. , Hang M. , Blanchette V. , Poon M.‐C. , Luke K. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe objective of this study was to teach a small group of Chinese physiatrists and physiotherapists to: (i) become trainers and leaders in haemophilia physiotherapy (PT) care in China and (ii) to acquire rapid proficiency in using the reliable and validated Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) for evaluating musculoskeletal health in boys with haemophilia. Two experienced Canadian physiotherapists and co‐developers of the HJHS moderated a 4‐day PT training workshop with six Chinese participants. Emphasis was placed on instruction and practice in administering the HJHS. Practical sessions with haemophilia patients were interchanged with theory (power point presentations) and interactive question and answer periods. A proficient, knowledgeable translator was an essential component of the workshop. Upon workshop completion, the six trainees demonstrated improved haemophilia‐specific PT knowledge and were fully familiar with the HJHS and its administration. The latter was assessed in a mini‐reliability study. The ‘Train‐the‐Trainer’ model is a very effective education programme designed to accelerate training in haemophilia PT to meet the rapidly increasing need for haemophilia‐specific rehabilitation services in a very large country such as China. It is anticipated that physiatrists/physiotherapists at newly established Chinese haemophilia treatment centres will receive training in haemophilia care as a result of this unique programme in the immediate future.
The Mongol Empire in World History: The State of the Field
Authors: Biran Michal 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe study of the Mongol Empire has made enormous strides in the past two decades, and its most notable impact is the shift of seeing the Empire not only in national or regional terms but from a holistic perspective, in its full Eurasian context. This focus, credited mostly to the works of Thomas T. Allsen, also means that the scholarly literature now gives more space to topics that interest world historians such as the cultural, economic, religious and artistic exchanges that prevailed in Mongol Eurasia, or the legacy that the Mongol Empire left for the early modern empires. Simultaneously, the Mongols' image begins to shift from the barbarian warriors obsessed with massacres and plunder, to the Mongols as active promoters of cross‐cultural connections, who even brought about the transition from the medieval to the modern world. The paper reviews the major trends in the study of the Empire from world history perspective and argues that the nomadic civilization of the Mongols should be taken into account in world history surveys.
Indigenous People and Legal Culture in Spanish America
Authors: Yannakakis Yanna 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article reviews recent literature on indigenous people and the legal systems in colonial Mexico and the Andes, with special emphasis on legal engagement as a form of politics and the making of legal culture. Through mastery of alphabetic writing systems, literacy, and Spanish language, native peoples used colonial courts as an arena in which to resolve conflict within and among Indian municipalities, and with Spanish officials, both civil and ecclesiastical. In this way, the legal system facilitated the negotiation of colonial rule, including the growth and transformation of legal institutions and practices, and the relationship between Indian and Spanish jurisdictions. The legal system also provided an arena for cultural encounter in which Spanish and native forms of law and knowledge were circulated and constructed. Scholarship on these topics is growing fast, putting ethnohistory into an exciting dialogue with comparative studies of law and empire.