bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Technique for Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Rat Pups
Authors: Rodríguez-Fanjul Javier , Fernández-Feijóo Cristina Durán , Camprubí Marta Camprubí 
Published: May 2015

Background Neuroprotective strategies to prevent or decrease brain injury in hypoxic ischemic newborns are one of the main research lines in neonatology. Animal models have been used to assess the efficiency of new therapeutic strategies. Brain damage biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are frequently used to evaluate the outcome at the bedside. Despite the importance of this approach in clinical practice, there are many difficulties in using it in small animals. The aim of this paper was to describe a new technique for collecting CSF in rat pups. Furthermore the reference values of S100β protein levels, commonly used in common clinical practice, were analyzed in animals between 7 to 12 days. Methods 42 Wistar rat pups aged 7 to 12 days were used. CSF was obtained by direct puncture of the cisterna magna with a 24-gauge needle. S100β protein levels were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results CSF was successfully obtained in 96% of the cases, with an average amount of 21.28 μl (5–40 μl). Normal values for S100β were described. HI animals presented higher S100β values than controls. Conclusions A simple, reproducible technique for CSF collection in rat pups has been described. This new method will allow study of brain injury biomarkers in newborn hypoxic ischemic animal models.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca del Baix Ebre: des de Roquetes als Reguers al Caragol i al Mont Caro
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim 
Published: May 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 2 de febrer de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, es realitzarà un recorregut geològic que discorrerà en la seva totalitat per diferents indrets de la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre; i més concretament pels sectors corresponents a la seva Depressió Central, a l´igual que en els altres recorreguts que hem fet per la comarca de l’Anoia. D´aquesta manera, tot el recorregut transitarà entre afloraments dels materials terciaris (de l´Oligocè) i quaternaris que reblen aquesta depressió. Així, durant tot el recorregut, anirem trobant afloraments que corresponen als materials de la Formació Tàrrega, situant-se íntegrament dintre del Complex Lacustre de la Segarra. Així, veurem terrenys calcolutitics, carbonatats, argilosos i lignits, fonamentalment, al llarg de tot el recorregut de l´itinerari. Per d´altra banda, el recorregut transitarà inicialment per la comarca d´Anoia, pels sectors septentrionals i segarrencs de la comarca. Després, penetrarà breument a la comarca de la Segarra, per a tornar finalment a la comarca d´Anoia, discorrent els darrers trams del recorregut per la subcomarca de l´Alta Segarra (la també anomenada Segarra Calafina).
Polytropic index of central plasma sheet ions based on MHD Bernoulli integral
Authors: Pang Xuexia , Cao Jinbin , Liu Wenlong , Ma Yuduan , Lu Haoyu , Yang Junying , Li Liuyuan , Liu Xu , Wang Jing , Wang Tieyan , Yu Jiang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper uses the data of Cluster from 2001 to 2009 to study the polytropic processes of central plasma sheet (CPS) ions. We first adopt the approach of MHD Bernoulli integral (MBI) to identify homogeneous streamflow tubes (quasi‐invariant MBI regions) and then calculate the polytropic index of ions for those streamflow tubes whose outward electromagnetic energy ratios δ  < 0.05. The central plasma sheet is actually a complicated system, which comprises many streamflow tubes with different polytropic relations and the transition layers in between. The polytropic indexes of the CPS ions range from 0.1 to 1.8 and have a quasi‐Gaussian distribution. The median polytropic index is 0.93 for AE < 200 nT and 0.91 for AE ≥ 200 nT. Thus, there is no obvious difference between the polytropic indexes of the quiet time and the substorm time CPS ions, which suggests that the thinning and thickening processes of plasma sheet during substorm times do not change obviously the polytropic relation of the CPS ions. The statistical analysis using different δ (δ < 0.05, 0.025, and 0.01) shows that the outward emission of electromagnetic energy is an effective cooling mechanism and can make the polytropic index to decrease and shift toward isobaric. It is inferred that the CPS ions as a whole much likely behave in a way between isobaric and isothermal.
Bright 30 THz impulsive solar bursts
Authors: Kaufmann P. , White S. M. , Marcon R. , Kudaka A. S. , Cabezas D. P. , Cassiano M. M. , Francile C. , Fernandes L. O. T. , Hidalgo Ramirez R. F. , Luoni M. , Marun A. , Pereyra P. , de Souza R. V. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractImpulsive 30 THz continuum bursts have been recently observed in solar flares, utilizing small telescopes with a unique and relatively simple optical setup concept. The most intense burst was observed together with a GOES X2 class event on 27 October 2014, also detected at two subterahertz (sub‐THz) frequencies, Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager X‐rays and Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager and EUV. It exhibits strikingly good correlation in time and in space with white‐light flare emission. It is likely that this association may prove to be very common. All three 30 THz events recently observed exhibited intense fluxes in the range of 104 solar flux units, considerably larger than those measured for the same events at microwave and submillimeter wavelengths. The 30 THz burst emission might be part of the same spectral burst component found at sub‐THz frequencies. The 30 THz solar bursts open a promising new window for the study of flares at their origin.
Flow resistance in natural, turbulent channel flows: The need for a fluvial fluid mechanics
Authors: Keylock Christopher J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn fluvial environments, feedbacks among flow, bed forms, sediment, and macrophytes result in a complex fluid dynamics. The assumptions underpinning standard tools in hydraulics are commonly violated and alternative approaches must be formulated. I argue that we should question the assumption that classical notions in fluid mechanics provide the foundations for the techniques of the future. Recent work on turbulent dissipation, interscale modulation of the dynamics, intermittency, and the role of complex forcings is discussed. An agenda for future work is proposed that involves improving our characterization of complex forcings and developing better understanding of the behavior of the velocity gradient tensor in complex, fluvial environments. This leads to the formulation of modeling tools relevant to fluvial fluid mechanics, rather than a reliance on methods developed elsewhere. One avenue by which such methods might be developed is suggested based on the stretched spiral vortex as a baseline topology. This would result in a nonequilibrium model for turbulence that has greater potential to capture the dynamics in which we are interested. Although these ideas are raised in the context of a future fluvial fluid mechanics, they are applicable to any situation where turbulent flows are forced in complicated ways.
Rapidly progressive intracranial artery stenosis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Seifert Christian L. , Kowarik Markus C. , Thürmel Klaus , Berthele Achim , Prothmann Sascha , Wunderlich Silke 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAntiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is usually a disease of young adults. In elderly stroke patients APS was not associated with progressive intracerebral stenosis in the past. Here, we report a 65‐year‐old patient who presented with recurrent ischemic strokes associated with progressive stenosis of the right middle cerebral artery. Antiphospholipid antibodies were detected and treatment with plasma exchange, tapered steroids, and anticoagulants was successful. This case demonstrates that APS should be considered also in elderly stroke patients. This is of particular relevance since APS confers a significant risk to angioplasty and stenting procedures which therefore should be avoided in APS.
Underlying Spatial Skills to Support Navigation Through Large, Unconstrained Environments
Authors: Ploran Elisabeth J. , Rovira Ericka , Thompson James C. , Parasuraman Raja 
Published: May 2015

SummaryStudies of spatial navigation in real‐world settings have been limited to neighborhoods, campuses, and buildings. These locations have structural components, such as roads or hallways, which may direct navigation. The current study assessed navigational skills within a large‐scale forested environment that contained few pre‐established paths. Participants were asked to find flags using only a map and compass; dependent variables included target‐finding accuracy and efficiency. In addition, measurements of sense of direction, strategy, and working memory were taken to identify how these cognitive abilities influence performance. The results demonstrate the expected correlations between sense of direction and navigational success. An unexpected correlation between spatial working memory and navigational success was also found, which was the only significant predictor of performance when all measures were regressed together. These results suggest that studies should not forget basic cognitive abilities, which may predict success more than measures of sense of direction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triblock Copolymers Based on Monohydroxy Polystyrene with Crystallizable Amide Segments: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Vakees E. , Suresh J. , Kayalvizhi M. , Thangaraj V. , Karthik S. , Arun A. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTFour series of triblock copolymers are studied, which are synthesized by reacting monofunctionalized polystyrene with crystallizable amide segments such as diamide (TΦT and T6T) and tetraamide (T6T6T and T6A6T). The difunctional amide segment consists of two terephthalic groups at the outside (T). The length of the soft segment changed from 1000 to 8000 g/mol using difunctionalized polystyrene (PSt) and thereby the concentration of the hard segment is varied from 35 to 4 wt%. The molecular weight of the triblock copolymer is determined by the inherent viscosity measurement method. The FT‐IR results reveal that the degree of crystallinity of the amide segments in the copolymer is high 79%. The differential scanning calorimetry shows the Tg for amorphous polystyrene and Tm for crystallizable hard segments. Depending on the amide concentration in the copolymer, the diamide and tetraamide melting temperature ranged between 125 to 280°C. All the thermogravimetric data reveal that the polymer shows single‐stage decomposition temperature centered around 410°C. The solvent resistivity of these materials is very high even at a low concentration of (4%) amide content. All the copolymers show low water absorption.
The Effects of Moist Heat Sterilization Process and the Presence of Electrolytes on Rheological and Textural Properties of Hydrophilic Dispersions of Polymers‐Hydrogels
Authors: Tichý Eduard , Murányi Andrej , Pšenková Jana 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of the moist heat sterilization process and the presence of ions in a dispersive medium on the rheological and textural characteristics of various hydrogels. Gelling agents from different groups were tested: synthetic polymers carbomers, alkylated carbomers, polycarbophil, poly(methylvinylether/maleic anhydride) decadiene crosspolymer; semisynthetic polymers methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose; and natural polymers iota and lambda carrageenans, xanthan gum, tragacanth, and agar. Hydrogel samples were prepared in purified water and buffer solution as well containing 25 mM succinic acid and 400 mM sodium chloride with pH 6.2. Samples were autoclaved at 121°C for 20 min. Their structural viscosity, hardness, compressibility, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness were evaluated before treatment, after treatment, and after 1 and 3 months of storage at 40°C. From all tested samples, the hydrogel with the most suitable properties as a carrier for the model protein, recombinant human thrombin, will be chosen.
Quantifying seasonal fallback on invertebrates, pith, and bromeliad leaves by white‐faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) in a tropical dry forest
Authors: Mosdossy Krisztina N. , Melin Amanda D. , Fedigan Linda M. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Fallback foods (FBFs) are hypothesized to shape the ecology, morphology, and behavior of primates, including hominins. Identifying FBFs is therefore critical for revealing past and present foraging adaptations. Recent research suggests invertebrates act as seasonal FBFs for many primate species and human populations. Yet, studies measuring the consumption of invertebrates relative to ecological variation are widely lacking. We address this gap by examining food abundance and entomophagy by primates in a seasonal forest.Materials and Methods:We study foraging behavior of white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)—a species renowned for its intelligence and propensity for extractive foraging—along with the abundance of invertebrates, dietary ripe fruits, pith, and bromeliads. Consumption events and processing time are recorded during focal animal samples. We determine abundance of vegetative foods through phenological and density records. Invertebrates are collected in malaise, pan, and terrestrial traps; caterpillar abundance is inferred from frass traps.Results:Invertebrates are abundant throughout the year and capuchins consume invertebrates—including caterpillars—frequently when fruit is abundant. However, capuchins spend significantly more time processing protected invertebrates when fruit and caterpillars are low in abundance.Discussion:Invertebrate foraging patterns are not uniform. Caterpillar consumption is consistent with a preferred strategy, whereas capuchins appear to fallback on invertebrates requiring high handling time. Capuchins are convergent with hominins in possessing large brains and high levels of sensorimotor intelligence, thus our research has broad implications for primate evolution, including factors shaping cognitive innovations, brain size, and the role of entomophagy in the human diet. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:67–77, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Starch‐poly(acrylamide‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid) graft copolymers prepared by reactive extrusion
Authors: Willett Julious L. , Finkenstadt Victoria L. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTGraft copolymers of starch with acrylamide and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) were prepared by reactive extrusion in a twin‐screw extruder. The weight ratio of total monomer to starch was fixed at 1 : 3, while the molar fraction of AMPS in the monomer feed ranged from 0 to 0.119. Monomer to polymer conversions were 85% or greater, with grafting efficiencies of 68% (highest AMPS content) to 85% (no AMPS). Absorbency in distilled water at pH 7 increased linearly with the mole fraction AMPS in the grafted polymer, while absorbencies in 0.9% NaCl were independent of AMPS content. When swollen in water/ethanol mixtures, swelling decreased gradually with increasing ethanol volume fraction, followed by a large decrease over a narrow ethanol concentration. This behavior is similar to that observed for AMPS‐acrylamide gels. The swelling properties suggest these graft copolymers may have applications as responsive materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42405.
Host cell proteins in biotechnology‐derived products: A risk assessment framework
Authors: de Zafra Christina L. Zuch , Quarmby Valerie , Francissen Kathleen , Vanderlaan Martin , Zhu‐Shimoni Judith 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTTo manufacture biotechnology products, mammalian or bacterial cells are engineered for the production of recombinant therapeutic human proteins including monoclonal antibodies. Host cells synthesize an entire repertoire of proteins which are essential for their own function and survival. Biotechnology manufacturing processes are designed to produce recombinant therapeutics with a very high degree of purity. While there is typically a low residual level of host cell protein in the final drug product, under some circumstances a host cell protein(s) may copurify with the therapeutic protein and, if it is not detected and removed, it may become an unintended component of the final product. The purpose of this article is to enumerate and discuss factors to be considered in an assessment of risk of residual host cell protein(s) detected and identified in the drug product. The consideration of these factors and their relative ranking will lead to an overall risk assessment that informs decision‐making around how to control the levels of host cell proteins. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2284–2291. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Process boundaries of irreversible scCO2‐assisted phase separation in biphasic whole‐cell biocatalysis
Authors: Brandenbusch Christoph , Glonke Sebastian , Collins Jonathan , Hoffrogge Raimund , Grunwald Klaudia , Bühler Bruno , Schmid Andreas , Sadowski Gabriele 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe formation of stable emulsions in biphasic biotransformations catalyzed by microbial cells turned out to be a major hurdle for industrial implementation. Recently, a cost‐effective and efficient downstream processing approach, using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) for both irreversible emulsion destabilization (enabling complete phase separation within minutes of emulsion treatment) and product purification via extraction has been proposed by Brandenbusch et al. (2010). One of the key factors for a further development and scale‐up of the approach is the understanding of the mechanism underlying scCO2‐assisted phase separation. A systematic approach was applied within this work to investigate the various factors influencing phase separation during scCO2 treatment (that is pressure, exposure of the cells to CO2, and changes of cell surface properties). It was shown that cell toxification and cell disrupture are not responsible for emulsion destabilization. Proteins from the aqueous phase partially adsorb to cells present at the aqueous‐organic interface, causing hydrophobic cell surface characteristics, and thus contribute to emulsion stabilization. By investigating the change in cell‐surface hydrophobicity of these cells during CO2 treatment, it was found that a combination of catastrophic phase inversion and desorption of proteins from the cell surface is responsible for irreversible scCO2 mediated phase separation. These findings are essential for the definition of process windows for scCO2‐assisted phase separation in biphasic whole‐cell biocatalysis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2316–2323. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
‘Meet Me Halfway’ : Socio‐cultural Adaptation and Perceived Contact Willingness of Host Nationals as Predictors of Immigrants' Threat Perceptions
Authors: Mähönen Tuuli Anna , Jasinskaja‐Lahti Inga 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis three‐wave study investigated the interplay between perceived socio‐cultural adaptation and perceived willingness of the majority group to engage in contact, when predicting realistic and symbolic threats perceived by ethnic migrants from Russia to Finland. To sum up our key findings, the less immigrants perceived difficulties in socio‐cultural adaptation soon after migration, the more positive were their later perceptions of the majority group members' contact willingness. Majority's perceived contact willingness was associated with lower levels of perceived realistic threats, and perceived contact willingness and perceived socio‐cultural adaptation were both associated with lower levels of perceived symbolic threats. As regards practical implications of our findings for culturally diverse communities, equal efforts should be made to help newcomers' socio‐cultural adaptation and to support their positive intergroup interactions with majority group members. That way, the beneficial impact of both of these factors on immigrant integration could be maximized. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Insight into the Complex of Ferredoxin and [FeFe] Hydrogenase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Rumpel Sigrun , Siebel Judith F. , Diallo Mamou , Farès Christophe , Reijerse Edward J. , Lubitz Wolfgang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe transfer of photosynthetic electrons by the ferredoxin PetF to the [FeFe] hydrogenase HydA1 in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a key step in hydrogen production. Electron delivery requires a specific interaction between PetF and HydA1. However, because of the transient nature of the electron‐transfer complex, a crystal structure remains elusive. Therefore, we performed protein–protein docking based on new experimental data from a solution NMR spectroscopy investigation of native and gallium‐substituted PetF. This provides valuable information about residues crucial for complex formation and electron transfer. The derived complex model might help to pinpoint residue substitution targets for improved hydrogen production.
Successful treatment of a noninhibitory antibody‐mediated acquired factor X deficiency in a patient with marginal‐zone lymphoma
Authors: Meenhuis Annemarie , van Vliet Rianne , Hudig Francisca , Ypma Paula F. , Schipperus Martin R. , Hollestelle Martine J. 
Published: May 2015

Key Clinical MessageProlonged clotting times were observed in a patient with spontaneous hemorrhage. Analysis showed severe factor X deficiency due to clearance by a noninhibitory antibody. Lymphadenopathy identified on imaging led to diagnosis of marginal B‐cell lymphoma. Treatment of lymphoma with rituximab and chlorambucil resulted in complete disappearance of the bleeding disorder.
Structured illumination microscopy reveals focal adhesions are composed of linear subunits
Authors: Hu Shiqiong , Tee Yee‐Han , Kabla Alexandre , Zaidel‐Bar Ronen , Bershadsky Alexander , Hersen Pascal 
Published: May 2015

The ability to mechanically interact with the extracellular matrix is a fundamental feature of adherent eukaryotic cells. Cell–matrix adhesion in many cell types is mediated by protein complexes called focal adhesions (FAs). Recent progress in super resolution microscopy revealed FAs possess an internal organization, yet such methods do not enable observation of the formation and dynamics of their internal structure in living cells. Here, we combine structured illumination microscopy (SIM) with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) to show that the proteins inside FA patches are distributed along elongated subunits, typically 300 ± 100 nm wide, separated by 400 ± 100 nm, and individually connected to actin cables. We further show that the formation and dynamics of these linear subunits are intimately linked to radial actin fiber formation and actomyosin contractility. We found FA growth to be the result of nucleation of new linear subunits and their coordinated elongation. Taken together, this study reveals that the basic units of mature focal adhesion are 300‐nm‐wide elongated, dynamic structures. We anticipate this ultrastructure to be relevant to investigation of the function of FAs and their behavior in response to mechanical stress. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.