bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking the porphyry-epithermal mineralization transition using U-Pb carbonate dating
Authors: Mottram Catherine M. , Kellett Dawn A. , Barresi Tony , Chapman Glenn G. , Halle Jesse 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Key metals important for the green energy transition concentrate during magmatic-hydrothermal processes. In porphyry deposits, epithermal mineralization can overprint earlier higher-temperature systems. It is not well understood whether mineralization occurs in a single evolving system or forms during pulsed, episodic overprinting events. The timing and duration of fluid flow therefore remain key data gaps in deposit models, but they are essential factors for understanding metal (re)mobilization and concentration processes. Carbonates are common gangue minerals that precipitate during fluid flow and can be dated using the U-Pb method, thereby directly dating hydrothermal processes. Here, 41 new U-Pb dates from a fault-controlled porphyry-epithermal system in Yukon, Canada, reveal a &gt;50 m.y. record of carbonate precipitation between ca. 77 and 19 Ma. Results support a model of pulsed, episodic fluid flow, rather than a single evolving system, where epithermal carbonate precipitation at ca. 74–67 Ma was both coeval with and significantly postdated Cretaceous porphyry-related magmatism. Overprinting events at ca. 62–56 Ma, ca. 51–47 Ma, and younger than 40 Ma were not responsible for primary metal deposition but may have contributed to metal enrichment. Carbonate dates coincide with periods of brecciation and fault slip. Fault movement therefore enabled episodic overprinting by epithermal mineralization, mobilizing and (re)concentrating metals. This comprehensive reconstruction of a long-lived magmatic-hydrothermal system tracks the transition from porphyry to epithermal environments, demonstrating the power of carbonate U-Pb dating for critical minerals research.
Assessment of smoking care by stroke specialists in patients with recent TIA and minor stroke: an international prospective registry-based cohort study
Authors: Lavallee Philippa , Charles Hugo , Labreuche Julien , Albers Gregory W , Caplan Louis , Donnan Geoffrey A , Ferro José Manuel , Hennerici M G , Molina Carlos A , Rothwell Peter , Steg Gabriel , Touboul Pierre-Jean , Uchiyama Shinichiro , Vicaut Eric , Wong Lawrence K S , Amarenco Pierre 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThe objectives are to assess smoking abstinence and its effects on vascular risk and to report tobacco-cessation counselling and pharmacotherapy use in patients who had a recent minor stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA).Design and settingThe TIA registry.org project is a prospective, observational registry of patients with TIA and minor stroke that occurred in the previous 7 days with a 5-year follow-up, involving 61 sites with stroke specialists in 21 countries (Europe, Asia, Latin America and Middle East). Of those, 42 sites had 5-year follow-up data on more than 50% of their patients and were included in the present study.ParticipantsFrom June 2009 through December 2011, 3847 patients were eligible for the study (80% of the initial cohort).OutcomesTobacco counselling and smoking-cessation pharmacotherapy use in smoking patients were reported at discharge. Association between 3-month smoking status and risk of a major cardiovascular event (MACE) was analysed with multivariable Cox regression model.ResultsAmong 3801 patients included, 835 (22%) were smokers. At discharge, only 35.2% have been advised to quit and 12.5% had smoking-cessation pharmacotherapy prescription. At 3 months, 383/835 (46.9%) baseline smokers were continuers. Living alone and alcohol abuse were associated with persistent smoking; high level of education, aphasia and dyslipidaemia with quitting. The adjusted HRs for MACE at 5 years were 1.13 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.43) in former smokers, 1.31 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.84) in quitters and 1.31 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.83) in continuers. Using time-varying analysis, current smoking at the time of MACE non-significantly increased the risk of MACE (HR 1.31 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.78); p=0.080).ConclusionIn the TIAregistry.org, smoking-cessation intervention was used in a minority of patients. Surprisingly, in this population in which, at 5 years, other vascular risk factors were well controlled and antithrombotic treatment maintained, smoking cessation non-significantly decreased the risk of MACE.
Maintenance proton pump inhibitor use and risk of colorectal cancer: a Swedish retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Qing , Wang Xinchen , Engstrand Lars , Sadr-Azodi Omid , Fall Katja , Brusselaers Nele 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRA) associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in a large nationwide cohort.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThis research was conducted at the national level, encompassing the entire population of Sweden.ParticipantsThis study utilised Swedish national registries to identify all adults who had ≥180 days of cumulative PPI use between July 2005 and December 2012, excluding participants who were followed up for less than 1 year. A total of 754 118 maintenance PPI users were included, with a maximum follow-up of 7.5 years.InterventionsMaintenance PPI use (cumulative≥180 days), with a comparator of maintenance histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) use.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was the risk of CRA, presented as standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the impact of indications, tumour locations, tumour stages and the duration of follow-up. A multivariable Poisson regression model was fitted to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs of PPI versus H2RA use.ResultsMaintenance PPI users exhibited a slightly elevated risk of CRA compared to the general population (SIR 1.10, 95% CI=1.06 to 1.13) for both men and women. Individuals aged 18–39 (SIR 2.79, 95% CI=1.62 to 4.47) and 40–49 (SIR 2.02, 95% CI=1.65 to 2.45) had significantly higher risks than the general population. Right-sided CRA showed a higher risk compared to the general population (SIR 1.26, 95% CI=1.20 to 1.32). There was no significant difference in the risk of CRA between maintenance PPI users and maintenance H2RA users (IRR 1.05, 95% CI=0.87 to 1.27,p<0.05).ConclusionsMaintenance PPI use may be associated with an increased risk of CRA, but a prolonged observation time is needed.
Associations of air pollution exposures in preconception and pregnancy with birth outcomes and infant neurocognitive development: analysis of the Complex Lipids in Mothers and Babies (CLIMB) prospective cohort in Chongqing, China
Authors: Chen Yingxin , Kuang Tao , Zhang Ting , Cai Samuel , Colombo John , Harper Alex , Han Ting-Li , Xia Yinyin , Gulliver John , Hansell Anna , Zhang Hua , Baker Philip 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the associations of traffic-related air pollution exposures in early pregnancy with birth outcomes and infant neurocognitive development.DesignCohort study.SettingEligible women attended six visits in the maternity clinics of two centres, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Health Centre for Women and Children.ParticipantsWomen who were between 20 and 40 years of age and were at 11–14 weeks gestation with a singleton pregnancy were eligible for participation. Women were excluded if they had a history of premature delivery before 32 weeks of gestation, maternal milk allergy or aversion or severe lactose intolerance. 1273 pregnant women enrolled in 2015–2016 and 1174 live births were included in this analysis.ExposuresAir pollution concentrations at their home addresses, including particulate matter with diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), during pre-conception and each trimester period were estimated using land-use regression models.Outcome measuresBirth outcomes (ie, birth weight, birth length, preterm birth, low birth weight, large for gestational age and small for gestational age (SGA) status) and neurodevelopment outcomes measured by the Chinese version of Bayley Scales of Infant Development.ResultsAn association between SGA and per-IQR increases in NO2was found in the first trimester (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.32) and during the whole pregnancy (OR: 1.33, 99% CI: 1.01 to 1.75). Both PM2.5and NO2exposure in the 90 days prior to conception were associated with lower Psychomotor Development Index scores (β: −6.15, 95% CI: −8.84 to –3.46; β: −2.83, 95% CI: −4.27 to –1.39, respectively). Increased NO2exposure was associated with an increased risk of psychomotor development delay during different trimesters of pregnancy.ConclusionsIncreased exposures to NO2during pregnancy were associated with increased risks of SGA and psychomotor development delay, while increased exposures to both PM2.5and NO2pre-conception were associated with adverse psychomotor development outcomes at 12 months of age.Trial registration numberChiCTR-IOR-16007700
Same-visit hepatitis C testing and treatment to accelerate cure among people who inject drugs (the QuickStart Study): a cluster randomised cross-over trial protocol
Authors: Doyle Joseph S , Heath Katherine , Elsum Imogen , Douglass Caitlin , Wade Amanda , Kasza Jessica , Allardice Kate , Von Bibra Sally , Chan Kico , Camesella Beatriz , Guzman Rodney , Bryant Mellissa , Thompson Alexander J , Stoové Mark A , Snelling Thomas L , Scott Nick , Spelman Timothy , Anderson David , Richmond Jacqui , Howell Jessica , Andric Nada , Dietze Paul M , Higgs Peter , Sacks‐Davis Rachel , Forbes Andrew B , Hellard Margaret E , Pedrana Alisa E 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionDespite universal access to government-funded direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in 2016, the rate of hepatitis C treatment uptake in Australia has declined substantially. Most hepatitis C is related to injecting drug use; reducing the hepatitis C burden among people who inject drugs (PWID) is, therefore, paramount to reach hepatitis C elimination targets. Increasing DAA uptake by PWID is important for interrupting transmission and reducing incidence, as well as reducing morbidity and mortality and improving quality of life of PWID and meeting Australia’s hepatitis C elimination targets.Methods and analysisA cluster randomised cross-over trial will be conducted with three intervention arms and a control arm. Arm A will receive rapid hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody testing; arm B will receive rapid HCV antibody and rapid RNA testing; arm C will receive rapid HCV antibody testing and same-day treatment initiation for HCV antibody-positive participants; the control arm will receive standard of care. The primary outcomes will be (a) the proportion of participants with HCV commencing treatment and (b) the proportion of participants with HCV achieving cure. Analyses will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis with mixed-effects logistic regression models.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Alfred Ethics Committee (number HREC/64731/Alfred-2020-217547). Each participant will provide written informed consent. Reportable adverse events will be reported to the reviewing ethics committee. The findings will be presented at scientific conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT05016609.Trial progressionThe study commenced recruitment on 9 March 2022 and is expected to complete recruitment in December 2024.
What do Australian primary care clinicians need to provide long-acting reversible contraception and early medical abortion? A content analysis of a virtual community of practice
Authors: Srinivasan Sonia , James Sharon Maree , Kwek Joly , Black Kirsten , Taft Angela J , Bateson Deborah , Norman Wendy V , Mazza Danielle 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundUptake of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is lower in Australia compared with other high-income countries, and access to early medical abortion (EMA) is variable with only 11% of general practitioners (GPs) providing EMA. The AusCAPPS (Australian Contraception and Abortion Primary Care Practitioner Support) Network is a virtual community of practice established to support GPs, nurses and pharmacists to provide LARC and EMA in primary care. Evaluating participant engagement with AusCAPPS presents an opportunity to understand clinician needs in relation to LARC and EMA care.MethodsData were collected from July 2021 until July 2023. Numbers of online resource views on AusCAPPS were analysed descriptively and text from participant posts underwent qualitative content analysis.ResultsIn mid-2023 AusCAPPS had 1911 members: 1133 (59%) GPs, 439 (23%) pharmacists and 272 (14%) nurses. Concise point-of-care documents were the most frequently viewed resource type. Of the 655 posts, most were created by GPs (532, 81.2%), followed by nurses (88, 13.4%) then pharmacists (16, 2.4%). GPs most commonly posted about clinical issues (263, 49% of GP posts). Nurses posted most frequently about service implementation (24, 27% of nurse posts). Pharmacists posted most about health system and regulatory issues (7, 44% of pharmacist posts).ConclusionsGPs, nurses and pharmacists each have professional needs for peer support and resources to initiate or continue LARC and EMA care, with GPs in particular seeking further clinical education and upskilling. Development of resources, training and implementation support may improve LARC and EMA provision in Australian primary care.
Determinants of road user behavior at marked midblock crosswalks
Authors: Elsayyad Mohamed , Muley Deepti , Alhajyaseen Wael 
Published: July 2024

Drivers do not properly respect pedestrian priority at marked mid-block crosswalks. This study assesses pedestrians and vehicles behavior at such locations. Video recording at two mid-block crosswalks was used to analyze 12 crossing attributes and their correlations. Analysis of 884 pedestrians’ and 2087 vehicle’s data showed that all demographic and crossing related attributes affected the crossing speed and crossing time of pedestrians. The average crossing speed of pedestrians was 1.3 m/s. Only parked car at crosswalk affected the waiting and delay times of pedestrians. Lastly, gender and crossing related parameters were found to affect the accepted gap of pedestrians. The average accepted gap of pedestrians was 6.17 s. Vehicle speeds before, at, and after crosswalks were statistically different and had mean values of 19.38, 17.31, and 20.40 kmph, respectively. Driver yielding rate was found to be 40% and was statistically significantly influenced by gender, dressing style, crossing in-group, and rolling behavior.
Age-related changes in individuals with and without reading disability: Behavioral and fMRI evidence
Authors: Yan Xiaohui , Feng Guoyan , Fu Yang , Hua Jia , Cao Fan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Reading disability (RD) is a developmental neurological disorder with high prevalence across languages; however, the developmental differences in the behavior and brain of individuals with RD remain poorly understood, especially in Chinese RD. In the current study, we aimed to differentiate persistent deficits in Chinese children and adults with RD, differences that are evident only in children but not adults with RD, and differences that are more severe in adults than children with RD. In a cross-sectional design, we compared behavioral performances in a battery of reading tests and brain activities in three tasks in Chinese children (N = 83, mean age = 11) and adults (N = 94, mean age = 20) with and without RD. We found that phonological deficits were persistent across children and adults with RD, while deficits in word decoding accuracy were only evident in children but not adults with RD. Moreover, deficits in sentence reading fluency were more severe in adults than children with RD. In the brain, we found persistent reduction of brain activation in the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), suggesting neural signature of RD. We found greater reduction of brain activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in children with RD than in adults with RD, suggesting a developmental delay and/or performance effect. On the other hand, a reduction of brain activation in the left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) was more salient in adults with RD than in children with RD, due to greater developmental increase in typical readers than in RD readers, ultimately indicating accumulative effects of RD. The results were replicated in multiple tasks and samples. It contributes to advancing our understanding of the etiology and prognosis of RD. The findings also have practical implications in precise diagnosis and interventions for RD at different ages.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: 100 years of research on Moschcowitz syndrome
Authors: Cataland Spero R. , Coppo Paul , Scully Marie , Lämmle Bernhard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the 100 years since Eli Moschcowitz reported the first case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), there has been remarkable awareness and progress in the diagnosis and management of this rare blood disorder. This progress initially was the result of careful clinical observations followed by well thought-out therapeutic interventions, with dual goals of both improving outcomes and discerning the pathophysiology of TTP. The discovery of the ADAMTS13 protease set in motion the efforts to more accurately define the specific etiologies of thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) based on objective, scientific data rather than clinical characterizations alone. This accurate differentiation led to better and more revealing clinical trials and advancements in the treatment of TTP and other TMAs. Further advances followed and included improvements in immune-suppressive therapy and targeted therapies of immune-mediated TTP (iTTP; caplacizumab) and congenital TTP (cTTP; recombinant ADAMTS13). The longitudinal study of patients with TTP revealed the unexpected risk for long-term complications in both patients with iTTP and those with cTTP in remission. Ongoing studies aim to further understand the prevalence, mechanisms, and appropriate screening for these mood disorders, neurocognitive deficits, and cardiovascular complications that develop at remarkably high rates and are associated with a decreased life expectancy. These discoveries are a result of the collaborative efforts of investigators worldwide that have been fostered by the frequent interactions of investigators via the International TTP Working Group meetings and TMA workshops held regularly at international meetings. These efforts will support the rapid pace of discovery and improved understanding of this rare disease.
Efficacy of T-cell assays for the diagnosis of primary defects in cytotoxic lymphocyte exocytosis
Authors: Chiang Samuel C. C. , Covill Laura E. , Tesi Bianca , Campbell Tessa M. , Schlums Heinrich , Nejati-Zendegani Jelve , Mördrup Karina , Wood Stephanie , Theorell Jakob , Sekine Takuya , Al-Herz Waleed , Akar Himmet Haluk , Belen Fatma Burcu , Chan Mei Yoke , Devecioglu Omer , Aksu Tekin , Ifversen Marianne , Malinowska Iwona , Sabel Magnus , Unal Ekrem , Unal Sule , Introne Wendy J. , Krzewski Konrad , Gilmour Kimberly C. , Ehl Stephan , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Nordenskjöld Magnus , Horne AnnaCarin , Henter Jan-Inge , Meeths Marie , Bryceson Yenan T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disorder associated with autosomal recessive variants in genes required for perforin-mediated lymphocyte cytotoxicity. A rapid diagnosis is crucial for successful treatment. Although defective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) function causes pathogenesis, quantification of natural killer (NK)–cell exocytosis triggered by K562 target cells currently represents a standard diagnostic procedure for primary HLH. We have prospectively evaluated different lymphocyte exocytosis assays in 213 patients referred for evaluation for suspected HLH and related hyperinflammatory syndromes. A total of 138 patients received a molecular diagnosis consistent with primary HLH. Assessment of Fc receptor–triggered NK-cell and T-cell receptor (TCR)–triggered CTL exocytosis displayed higher sensitivity and improved specificity for the diagnosis of primary HLH than routine K562 cell–based assays, with these assays combined providing a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 98.3%. By comparison, NK-cell exocytosis after K562 target cell stimulation displayed a higher interindividual variability, in part explained by differences in NK-cell differentiation or large functional reductions after shipment. We thus recommend combined analysis of TCR-triggered CTL and Fc receptor–triggered NK-cell exocytosis for the diagnosis of patients with suspected familial HLH or atypical manifestations of congenital defects in lymphocyte exocytosis.
Eltrombopag plus diacerein vs eltrombopag in patients with ITP: a multicenter, randomized, open-label phase 2 trial
Authors: Sun Lu , Huang Xiaoyang , Wang Juan , Yuan Chenglu , Zhao Hongyu , Li Daqi , Xu Ruirong , Wang Yan , Qin Ping , Shi Yan , Peng Jun , Hou Ming , Hou Yu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag plus diacerein vs eltrombopag alone in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who were previously unresponsive to 14 days of eltrombopag treatment at the full dose. Recruited patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either eltrombopag plus diacerein (n = 50) or eltrombopag monotherapy (n = 52). Overall response rate, defined as a platelet count of ≥30 × 109/L, at least doubling of the baseline platelet count, and no bleeding, was reached in 44% of patients in the eltrombopag plus diacerein group compared with 13% in the eltrombopag group at day 15 (P = .0009), and reached in 42% of patients in the combination group compared with 12% in the monotherapy group at day 28 (P = .0006). The addition of diacerein to eltrombopag also led to a longer duration of response (P = .0004). The 2 most common treatment-emergent adverse events were respiratory infection and gastrointestinal reactions in the combination group, and fatigue and respiratory infection in the eltrombopag group. In conclusion, eltrombopag plus diacerein was well tolerated, and induced higher overall response rates and longer duration of response than eltrombopag alone, offering a rejuvenating salvage therapy for patients with ITP unresponsive to 14 days of full dosage eltrombopag. Our work has the potential to enhance the care of patients treated with thrombopoietin receptor agonists, reducing the need for rapid transitions to less-preferable therapies. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT04917679.