bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of PIT tags to assess individual heterogeneity of laboratory‐reared juveniles of the endangered Cumberlandian combshell (Epioblasma brevidens) in a mark–recapture study
Authors: Hua Dan , Jiao Yan , Neves Richard , Jones Jess 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe federally endangered Cumberlandian combshell (Epioblasma brevidens) was propagated and reared to taggable size (5–10 mm), and released to the Powell River, Tennessee, to augment a relict population. Methodology using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags on these mussels greatly facilitated the detection process. The overall mean detection probability and survival rate of released individuals reached 97.8 to 98.4% and 99.7 to 99.9% (per month), respectively, during nine successive recapture occasions in the 2‐year study period, regardless of seasonality. Nonhierarchical models and hierarchical models incorporating individual and seasonal variations through a Bayesian approach were compared and resulted in similar performance of prediction for detection probability and survival rate of mussels. This is the first study to apply the mark–recapture method to laboratory‐reared mussels using PIT tags and stochastic models. Quantitative analyses for individual heterogeneity allowed examination of demographic variance and effects of heterogeneity on population dynamics, although the individual and seasonal variations were small in this study. Our results provide useful information in implementing conservation strategies of this faunal group and a framework for other species or similar studies.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with angina and heart failure in the CHARM (Candesartan in Heart Failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity) Programme
Authors: Badar Athar A. , Perez‐Moreno Ana C. , Hawkins Nathaniel M. , Brunton Alan P.T. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Wong Chih M. , Solomon Scott D. , Granger Christopher B. , Yusuf Salim , Pfeffer Marc A. , Swedberg Karl , Gardner Roy S. , Petrie Mark C. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: February 2015

AimsTo investigate the relationship between angina pectoris and fatal and non‐fatal clinical outcomes in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction (HF‐REF and HF‐PEF, respectively).Methods and resultsOf 7599 patients in the CHARM program, 5408 had ischaemic heart disease; 3855 had HF‐REF (ejection fraction ≤45%) and 1553 had HF‐PEF. These patients were separated into three groups: no history of angina, previous angina, and current angina. Three coronary outcomes were examined: fatal or non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI); MI or hospitalization for unstable angina (UA); and MI, UA or coronary revascularization. The composite heart failure outcome of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization (HFH) was also analysed, along with its components and all‐cause mortality. New York Heart Association functional class was worse in both HF‐REF and HF‐PEF patients with current angina compared with patients without angina (P < 0.001 and P = 0.005 respectively), despite similar clinical examination findings and ejection fraction. Patients with current angina had a higher risk of all three coronary outcomes (adjusted hazard ratios ranging from 1.8–3.1) than those without angina but did not have a higher risk of heart failure outcomes or all‐cause mortality.ConclusionIn patients with heart failure current angina is associated with significantly more functional limitation and a higher risk of coronary events, across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction.
Intercalates of Strontium Phenylphosphonate with Alcohols – Structure Analysis by Experimental and Molecular Modeling Methods
Authors: Zima Vítězslav , Melánová Klára , Kovář Petr , Beneš Ludvík , Svoboda Jan , Pospíšil Miroslav , Růžička Aleš 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAlcohol intercalated strontium phenylphosphonates were prepared by the addition of alcohols to an aqueous solution of strontium phenylphosphonate (SrPhP). These intercalates are unstable and de‐intercalate spontaneously at ambient conditions. For the complete elucidation of their structure, a combination of a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and molecular modeling was used. The structure of the host layers in methanol (SrPhP·MeOH) and ethanol (SrPhP·EtOH) intercalates is composed of strontium atoms, which are eight‐coordinate by oxygen atoms of the phosphonato groups and of water molecules. The structures of SrPhP·MeOH and SrPhP·EtOH differ in the orientation of the phenyl rings. The alcohol molecules reside in the cavities formed by the phenyl rings and are coordinated to the Sr atoms of the host layer through their oxygen atoms. On the basis of the structure of SrPhP·EtOH, the structures of propanol and butanol intercalates and of strontium phenylphosphonate dihydrate (SrPhP·2H2O) were modeled. The proposed model of SrPhP·2H2O, which features three kinds of water molecules, elucidates the temperature‐ and humidity‐dependent behavior of the compound.
Tomato peel powder as fat replacement in low‐fat sausages: Formulations with mechanically crushed powder exhibit higher stability than those with airflow ultra‐micro crushed powder
Authors: Wang Qiang , Xiong Zhengwei , Li Guijie , Zhao Xin , Wu Hongbin , Ren Yanrong 
Published: February 2015

This study investigated the effect of addition of tomato peel powder, with different particle sizes as fat replacement, on the fatty acid composition and textural properties in low‐fat sausage for 48 days. Results indicated that the hardness of low‐fat sausages with no tomato powder (LFN) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the other groups, and springiness decreased slightly at a higher powder level. During storage, the polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio of high‐fat samples with no powder (HFN) and low‐fat samples with no powder (LFN) decreased significantly relative to that of the other sausage samples (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a slight increase in yellowness was detected in most samples. Low‐fat sausage with powder prepared by airflow ultra‐micro crushing had lightness and redness values of 54.26 and 11.36, respectively. Thus, these values can be increased effectively by adding a small amount of tomato peel powder treated by the airflow ultra‐microcrushing method.Practical applications: Tomato peel, an undervalued agro‐industrial waste of the tomato juice industry, contains non‐digestible fiber content that offers several physiological effects and therapeutic applications. To the best of our knowledge no studies have reported on the application of tomato powder as a fat analog in sausage and its contribution to the fatty acid and textural quality of sausage. The study reported here investigates the interactions between particles of tomato powder and fat levels on the overall quality of sausages.Comparison of two different crushing systems show that TBARS of sausage containing airflow ultra‐micro crushing‐prepared tomato peel powder is higher than that of the sausages with conventional mechanical crushing‐prepared powder. Low‐fat sausage with powder prepared by airflow ultra‐micro crushing had lightness and redness. Overall, incorporation of tomato peel powder in the formulation successfully reduced the animal fat and improved the color and TBARS values of the final product.
Effective Nitration of Anilides and Acrylamides by tert‐Butyl Nitrite
Authors: Ji Yi‐fei , Yan Hong , Jiang Qi‐bai 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNitro compounds are important intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry and the chemical industry. Herein, the efficient copper‐catalyzed [10 % Cu(NO3)2·3H2O] nitration of anilides was developed by using TBN (tert‐butyl nitrite) as a nitrating reagent to give the corresponding nitro‐substituted aromatic products in good to excellent yields. The use of TBN also led to the selective nitration of acrylamides at room temperature to afford only the (E) isomer of the nitration product. A series of anilides and acrylamides with a broad array of functional groups were well‐tolerated by this procedure. This synthetic method has many advantages, which include inexpensive starting materials, mild reaction conditions, a fast reaction rate, and high yields. A mechanistic investigation indicates that a nitro radical, which is generated from the thermal homolysis of TBN, is involved in the two nitration processes.
One‐Pot Domino Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Benzophenones, Dihydroxanthones, and m‐Terphenyls from 2‐(Polyfluoroalkyl)chromones
Authors: Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya. , Korotaev Vladislav Yu. , Barkov Alexey Yu. , Kutyashev Igor B. , Safrygin Alexander V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWhereas 2‐(polyfluoroalkyl)chromones activated by electron‐withdrawing substituents in the benzene ring react with 2‐(1‐phenylalkylidene)malononitriles in the presence of triethylamine in dichloromethane to produce a wide range of polyfunctionalized benzophenones and dihydroxanthones, their reactions with ethyl α‐cyano‐β‐methylcinnamate under the same conditions took an entirely different course and gave mainly m‐terphenyl derivatives. The difference in behavior between the ylidene derivatives of malononitrile and those of ethyl cyanoacetate is remarkable.
Intramolecular Halogen Bonding in Solution: 15N, 13C, and 19F NMR Studies of Temperature and Solvent Effects
Authors: Thorson Rachel A. , Woller Garrett R. , Driscoll Zakarias L. , Geiger Brooke E. , Moss Crystal A. , Schlapper Ashley L. , Speetzen Erin D. , Bosch Eric , Erdélyi Máté , Bowling Nathan P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA model system for the investigation of intramolecular halogen bonds is introduced. Two molecules capable of intramolecular halogen bonding have been studied in comparison with eight control compounds by 15N, 13C, and 19F NMR spectroscopy. Iodine‐ and bromine‐centered halogen bonds are indicated by decreases in the 15N NMR chemical shifts of the halogen bond acceptor atom of approximately 6 and 1 ppm, respectively. 13C NMR chemical shifts of the alkynyl carbons in 2‐ethynylpyridine systems are good indicators of halogen bonding, with differences of up to 2.4 ppm between halogen‐bonded and related control compounds. Halogen bond strengths in different solvents, as indicated by 19F NMR chemical shifts, decrease in the following order: Cyclohexane > toluene > benzene > dichloromethane > acetone > pyridine. Chemical shift effects associated with the structural and electronic properties of intramolecular halogen‐bonded systems are modeled well by calculations at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(2d,p) level of theory.
Generalized Diffusion Parameter: Main Factors of Influence and Application for Estimation of Selectivity Coefficients for Highly Selective Electrodes
Authors: Zdrachek Elena A. , Nazarov Valentine A. , Egorov Vladimir V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe influence of membrane composition, ion nature, measuring time and stirring mode on the generalized diffusion parameter q was investigated. It was found that the main factors of influence are PVC to plasticizer ratio and measuring time, which obey rigid regularities and can be estimated. It makes possible to evaluate the role of the diffusion factor for other systems and measuring conditions using some averaged q value determined for a limited set of systems. It was shown that averaged q value allowed reliable estimating of low selectivity coefficients (down to 10−8) from strongly biased values determined by separate solution method.
Direct Voltammetric Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Natural Paprika Fruits Without Sample Pretreatment
Authors: Öri Zsuzsanna , Nagy Lívia , Kiss László , Kovács Barna , Nagy Géza 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDirect electrochemical measuring technique for estimation of the ascorbic acid (AA) content of freshly cut yellow pepper fruits without special sample treatment was worked out. Dialysis membrane modified glassy carbon electrode combined with short time chronoamperometric measuring method was employed to eliminate the interfering effect of tortuosity and electrode fouling. Viscosity change inside the diffusion layer was taken in account. AA content of the fruit was found to be 114.5 mg/100 g, and it is shown that the metal ions derived from iron blade are able to accelerate the oxidation process significantly. Classical iodometric titration was applied as a reference method.
Ionic cross‐linking of water‐soluble polyurethane improves protein encapsulation and release
Authors: Mattu Clara , Wang Tianran , Siri Armida , Sartori Susanna , Ciardelli Gianluca 
Published: February 2015

Polymer nanoparticles (NPs) are promising systems for the delivery of protein drugs, as they enhance circulation half‐life, reduce degradation, and increase selectivity of the encapsulated agent. Among the different methods for the preparation of protein‐loaded NPs, ionotropic gelation—which exploits cross‐linking between charged groups in the polymer and counterions in the protein solution—has been extensively investigated for chitosan NPs. The present study aims at exploring the possibility to apply the method to prepare BSA‐loaded polyurethane NPs. A poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(ethyleneglicol)‐based polyurethane bearing tert‐butyloxycarbonyl‐protected amino groups was synthesized by a two‐step synthesis procedure. Amino functionalities were exposed under acidic conditions, as confirmed by ninhydrin assay, and then exploited to obtain ionic cross‐linking with sodium tripolyphosphate counterions. The effect of polymer and sodium tripolyphosphate concentration on particles size and BSA encapsulation has been investigated, showing that the PUR concentration plays a major role. Small particles, at 300 nm, with high BSA loading (90%) have been obtained. Sustained BSA release and low burst effect (20%) have been observed, indicating good interaction between the protein and the polymer matrix. The study highlights the possibility of introducing alternative polymers to improve loading and release of proteins from NPs obtained through the ionotropic gelation method.
Rapid detection and destruction of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck by nano‐quadrapeutics
Authors: Lukianova–Hleb Ekaterina Y. , Lapotko Dmitri O. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTSurvival and quality of life remain poor for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) that cannot be fully resected safely, and form therapy‐resistant residual and recurrent tumors. We report novel cell‐level technology, quadrapeutics. Quadrapeutics converts surgery, drug, and radiation therapies into on‐demand microtreatment that unites the diagnosis and treatment in 1 rapid procedure by using 4 standard components: (1) targeted gold colloids; (2) liposomal drugs; (3) a laser pulse; and (4) radiation, all at safe doses. The therapeutic strength of quadrapeutics increases with cancer aggressiveness. In animal models of a primary and microscopic residual HNSCC, quadrapeutics increased the efficacy of standard chemoradiation therapy by more than 17‐fold by using only 3% to 6% of clinical doses of drug and radiation, did not cause side effects, and detected residual microtumors in vivo intraoperatively. Quadrapeutics can be applied to detect and eradicate HNSCC and similar microtumors in a safe and rapid theranostic procedure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1547–1555, 2015
Novel method of cell line establishment utilizing fluorescence‐activated cell sorting resulting in 6 new head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines
Authors: Owen John Henry , Graham Martin P. , Chinn Steven B. , Darr Owen F. , Chepeha Douglas B. , Wolf Gregory T. , Bradford Carol R. , Carey Thomas E. , Prince Mark E.P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to present the establishment of new cell lines, which is important to cancer research.MethodsSix new head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines were established using a novel fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) method in order to overcome the barrier of fibroblast overgrowth and the susceptibility of primary tumors to fail in vitro.ResultsAntibodies chosen for specific targeting of epithelial cells and fibroblasts successfully separated cells for line establishment in 6 of 12 attempts, providing an alternative method of establishing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Each attempt at cell line establishment resulted in an epithelial carcinoma population, which was genotyped and catalogued as a unique cell line, and a corresponding fibroblast population.ConclusionThe selection of antibody markers could be optimized to aid in the establishment of any cancer cell line derived from any tumor tissue; this method is not limited to head and neck cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E459–E467, 2016
Enantiospecific Synthesis of (R)‐3‐Amino‐4‐(2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)butanoic Acid Using (S)‐Serine as a Chiral Pool
Authors: Köse Aytekin , Gündoğdu Özlem , Aktaş Derya , Fıstıkçı Meryem , Altundaş Ramazan , Seçen Hasan , Kara Yunus 
Published: February 2015

AbstractStarting from (S)‐serine, a new method was developed for the synthesis of the β‐amino acid part of sitagliptin in ten steps and with an overall yield of 30%. The crucial step of the synthesis was the ring opening of N‐ and O‐protected (R)‐aziridin‐2‐methanol with (2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)magnesium bromide to give N‐ and O‐protected (R)‐2‐amino‐3‐(2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)propan‐1‐ol.
Synthesis of 6‐Aminoindolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline‐5‐carbonitriles by the Cu‐Catalyzed Reaction of 2‐(2‐Bromophenyl)‐1H‐indoles with CH2(CN)2
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Ezaki Kosuke , Hanioka Daisuke , Nozawa Ippei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA series of 6‐aminoindolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline‐5‐carbonitriles 4 have been prepared by treatment of 2‐(2‐bromophenyl)‐1H‐indoles 1, available from 1‐(2‐bromophenyl)ethanones or 1‐(2‐bromophenyl)propan‐1‐ones by using Fischer indole synthesis, with propanedinitrile in the presence of a catalytic amount of CuBr and an excess of K2CO3 in DMSO at 100°.
Induction of lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphoma‐like disease in rabbits by herpesvirus sylvilagus
Authors: Hinze Harry C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHerpesvirus sylvilagus, a recently recognized virus indigenous to cottontail rabbits, was examined for its ability to produce experimental disease in its natural host. Infection led to the establishment of a persisting low‐grade viremia in which virus was found in the cellular portion of the blood for the entire observation period. Pathologic changes seen in infected animals were related exclusively to stimulation of the lymphoid organs which varied in intensity from mild to apparently malignant. The response in all cotton tails was a generalized lymphoid hyperplasia with a corresponding lymphocytosis and the appearance of large numbers of abnormal mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood. In addition, 27% of immature cottontails (juveniles) and 10% of adult animals showed a loss of normal lymph‐node structure and massive mononuclear cell infiltration of other organs which was unrelated to destruction of parenchymal cells by the virus and which resembled, in some respects, the histologic picture seen in malignant lymphoma.
The Impact of Policy Decisions on Global Liquidity During the Recent Financial Crisis
Authors: Satiroglu Sait , Sener Emrah , Shafer Michael , Yildirim Yildiray 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe collapse of the recent housing price bubble precipitated the 2007–2008 financial crisis and caused international funding liquidity to dry up. We investigate how economic policies undertaken by the Federal Reserve and U.S. Treasury around the crisis impacted global liquidity by examining the covered interest rate parity (CIRP) condition. We find that swap lines orchestrated by the Fed, stress test announcements, asset purchase programs, and other economic policy and news events significantly impacted CIRP violations. Our findings indicate that policies undertaken during the crisis helped relieve market frictions in foreign exchange markets and that the impact of these policies differed for developed and emerging markets. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum albumin coating of demineralized bone matrix results in stronger new bone formation
Authors: Horváthy Dénes B. , Vácz Gabriella , Szabó Tamás , Szigyártó Imola C. , Toró Ildikó , Vámos Boglárka , Hornyák István , Renner Károly , Klára Tamás , Szabó Bence T. , Dobó‐Nagy Csaba , Doros Attila , Lacza Zsombor 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBlood serum fractions are hotly debated adjuvants in bone replacement therapies. In the present experiment, we coated demineralized bone matrices (DBM) with serum albumin and investigated stem cell attachment in vitro and bone formation in a rat calvaria defect model. In the in vitro experiments, we observed that significantly more cells adhere to the serum albumin coated DBMs at every time point. In vivo bone formation with albumin coated and uncoated DBM was monitored biweekly by computed tomography until 11 weeks postoperatively while empty defects served as controls. By the seventh week, the bone defect in the albumin group was almost completely closed (remaining defect 3.0 ± 2.3%), while uncoated DBM and unfilled control groups still had significant defects (uncoated: 40.2 ± 9.1%, control: 52.4 ± 8.9%). Higher density values were also observed in the albumin coated DBM group. In addition, the serum albumin enhanced group showed significantly higher volume of newly formed bone in the microCT analysis and produced significantly higher breaking force and stiffness compared to the uncoated grafts (peak breaking force: uncoated: 15.7 ± 4 N, albumin 46.1 ± 11 N). In conclusion, this investigation shows that implanting serum albumin coated DBM significantly reduces healing period in nonhealing defects and results in mechanically stronger bone. These results also support the idea that serum albumin coating provides a convenient milieu for stem cell function, and a much improved bone grafting success can be achieved without the use of exogenous stem cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 126–132, 2016.
Mechanical properties of α‐tricalcium phosphate‐based bone cements incorporating regenerative biomaterials for filling bone defects exposed to low mechanical loads
Authors: Harrison Reed , Criss Zachary K. , Feller Lacie , Modi Shan P. , Hardy John G. , Schmidt Christine E. , Suggs Laura J. , Murphy Matthew B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCalcium phosphate‐based cements with enhanced regenerative potential are promising biomaterials for the healing of bone defects in procedures such as percutaneous vertebroplasty. With a view to the use of such cements for low load bearing applications such as sinus augmentation or filling extraction sites. However, the inclusion of certain species into bone cement formulations has the potential to diminish the mechanical properties of the formulations and thereby reduce their prospects for clinical translation. Consequently, we have prepared α‐tricalcium phosphate (α‐TCP)‐based bone cements including materials that we would expect to improve their regenerative potential, and describe the mechanical properties of the resulting formulations herein. Formulations incorporated α‐TCP, hydroxyapatite, biopolymer‐thickened wetting agents, sutures, and platelet poor plasma. The mechanical properties of the composites were composition dependent, and optimized formulations had clinically relevant mechanical properties. Such calcium phosphate‐based cements have potential as replacements for cements such as those based on polymethylmethacrylate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 149–157, 2016.