bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schisandrin B restores M1/M2 balance through miR-124 in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 cells
Authors: Yang Yunfang , Liu Rihong , Sun Yixuan , Wu Bo , He Bosai , Jia Ying , Yan Tingxu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
In this study, Schisandrin B (SCHB), the main active component of Schisandra chinensis extract (SCE), was taken as the research object. From gene, microRNA (miR-124), and the level of protein expression system to study the influences of microglia phenotype to play the role of nerve inflammation.

Methods
In this study, we investigated the role of miR-124 in regulating microglial polarization alteration and NF-κB/TLR4 signaling and MAPK signaling in the LPS-induced BV2 by PCR, western blot, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and cytometry.

Results
SCE and SCHB significantly reduced the NO-releasing, decreased the levels of TNF-α, iNOS, IBA-1, and ratio of CD86+/CD206+, and increased the levels of IL-10, Arg-1. In addition, SCE and SCHB inhibited the nucleus translocation of NF-κB, decreased the expressions of IKK-α, and increased the expressions of IκB-α. Besides, the expressions of TLR4 and MyD88, and the ratios of p-p38/p38, p-ERK/ERK, and p-JNK/JNK were reduced by SCE and SCHB treatments. Furthermore, SCHB upregulated the mRNA levels of miR-124. However, the effects of SCHB were reversed by the miR-124 inhibitor.

Conclusions
These findings suggested SCHB downregulated NF-κB/TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway via miR-124 to restore M1/M2 balance and alleviate depressive symptoms.
Reducing stomatal density by expression of a synthetic epidermal patterning factor increases leaf intrinsic water use efficiency and reduces plant water use in a C4 crop
Authors: Ferguson John N , Schmuker Peter , Dmitrieva Anna , Quach Truyen , Zhang Tieling , Ge Zhengxiang , Nersesian Natalya , Sato Shirley J , Clemente Tom E , Leakey Andrew D B 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Enhancing crop water use efficiency (WUE) is a key target trait for climatic resilience and expanding cultivation on marginal lands. Engineering lower stomatal density to reduce stomatal conductance (gs) has improved WUE in multiple C3 crop species. However, reducing gs in C3 species often reduces photosynthetic carbon gain. A different response is expected in C4 plants because they possess specialized anatomy and biochemistry which concentrates CO2 at the site of fixation. This modifies the relationship of photosynthesis (AN) with intracellular CO2 concentration (ci), such that photosynthesis is CO2 saturated and reductions in gs are unlikely to limit AN. To test this hypothesis, genetic strategies were investigated to reduce stomatal density in the C4 crop sorghum. Constitutive expression of a synthetic epidermal patterning factor (EPF) transgenic allele in sorghum led to reduced stomatal densities, reduced gs, reduced plant water use, and avoidance of stress during a period of water deprivation. In addition, moderate reduction in stomatal density did not increase stomatal limitation to AN. However, these positive outcomes were associated with negative pleiotropic effects on reproductive development and photosynthetic capacity. Avoiding pleiotropy by targeting expression of the transgene to specific tissues could provide a pathway to improved agronomic outcomes.
Differential processing of RNA polymerase II at DNA damage correlates with transcription-coupled repair syndrome severity
Authors: Gonzalo-Hansen Camila , Steurer Barbara , Janssens Roel C , Zhou Di , van Sluis Marjolein , Lans Hannes , Marteijn Jurgen A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
DNA damage severely impedes gene transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), causing cellular dysfunction. Transcription-Coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair (TC-NER) specifically removes such transcription-blocking damage. TC-NER initiation relies on the CSB, CSA and UVSSA proteins; loss of any results in complete TC-NER deficiency. Strikingly, UVSSA deficiency results in UV-Sensitive Syndrome (UVSS), with mild cutaneous symptoms, while loss of CSA or CSB activity results in the severe Cockayne Syndrome (CS), characterized by neurodegeneration and premature aging. Thus far the underlying mechanism for these contrasting phenotypes remains unclear. Live-cell imaging approaches reveal that in TC-NER proficient cells, lesion-stalled Pol II is swiftly resolved, while in CSA and CSB knockout (KO) cells, elongating Pol II remains damage-bound, likely obstructing other DNA transacting processes and shielding the damage from alternative repair pathways. In contrast, in UVSSA KO cells, Pol II is cleared from the damage via VCP-mediated proteasomal degradation which is fully dependent on the CRL4CSA ubiquitin ligase activity. This Pol II degradation might provide access for alternative repair mechanisms, such as GG-NER, to remove the damage. Collectively, our data indicate that the inability to clear lesion-stalled Pol II from the chromatin, rather than TC-NER deficiency, causes the severe phenotypes observed in CS.
Use of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes, Impulsivity, and Anxiety: Influences on Suicidal Ideation Among Youth and Young Adults in Texas
Authors: Wilkinson Anna V , Chen Baojiang , Swann Alan C , Graham David P , Nielsen David A , Kosten Thomas R , Loukas Alexandra , Mantey Dale S , Bataineh Bara S , Harrell Melissa B 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Cigarette use and smoking intensity increase risk of suicidal ideation. Less is known about e-cigarette use. Here we examine direct influences of cigarette versus e-cigarette use on suicidal ideation among 16- to 23-year-olds in Texas.

Aims and Methods
Since 2019, the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance Study collected data on suicidal ideation every 6 months covering the previous 2 weeks. Youths answering that they had “thoughts that you would be better off dead, or of hurting yourself” on more than 2 of 14 days were categorized as having suicidal ideation. Generalized linear mixed-effects logistic regressions examined the influence of ever and past 30-day (P30D) use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, impulsivity, and anxiety on suicidal ideation, controlling for gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and grade in school. Interactions between ever and P30D use of both products and (a) impulsivity and (b) gender were examined.

Results
Of the 2329 participants, 29.1% reported ever and 6.5% reported P30D cigarette use, 48.2% reported ever and 11.6% reported P30D e-cigarette use, and 18.5% reported suicidal ideation. Ever cigarette use among females (aOR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.36 to 2.46), P30D e-cigarette use (aOR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.68), and P30D cigarette use (aOR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.05) were independently associated with higher risk for suicidal ideation after adjusting for covariates. Impulsivity and anxiety directly increased risk of suicidal ideation regardless of product type used. Hispanic youth had higher risk of suicidal ideation than White youth, while higher levels of SES were protective.

Conclusions
Cigarette/e-cigarette use, as well as impulsivity and anxiety, directly increase the risk of suicidal ideation.

Implications
Clinicians should ask young adults with a history of tobacco use, anxiety, or impulsive behavior about suicidal ideation. Nicotine prevention and cessation programs might be more effective if they simultaneously target substance use and mental health. Culturally appropriate support is needed for ethnic and racial minority youth and young adults in school, college, and at work. When evaluating and understanding risk, the role of multiple social identities (such as minority status, gender, and SES) is important.
Factors Associated With Hepatitis A Seropositivity at 23 Years After Childhood Vaccination
Authors: Scobie Heather M , Negus Susan , Stevenson Timothy , Bressler Sara , Bruden Dana , Simons Brenna C , Snowball Mary , Hofmeister Megan G , Bruce Michael , Townshend-Bulson Lisa , Fischer Marc , McMahon Brian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We evaluated factors associated with the presence of hepatitis A virus antibodies 23 years after initiating vaccination at ages 6–15 months. Among 67 participants, 86% (42/49) of those vaccinated at ages 12–15 months and 61% (11/18) of those vaccinated at 6 months remained seropositive at 23 years. Lack of maternal antibodies at enrollment and higher initial vaccine response were independently associated with higher antibody concentrations at 23 years. Further research is needed to assess the duration of hepatitis A vaccine protection and possible need for a booster dose.
Publishing, Copyright, Legislation and Litigation
Authors: Sanjek Rick 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With their diversified array of revenue sources, music publishers benefited immediately from advances in digital technology. Growth continued throughout the period except for mechanical royalties, which stalled as the rise in rates and digital revenue was countered by the decline in CD sales. Martin Bandier led EMI to the #1 spot, Universal bought the BMG publishing interests, and Richard Rowe in New York and Donna Hilley in Nashville built the Sony-Michael Jackson partnership Sony/ATV Music into a powerhouse. Publishing overtook records and retail in attracting investors as independent catalog aggregators and administrators competed for acquisitions. Other topics include the Digital Millennial Copyright Act; the No Electronic Theft Act and cybersquatting; the battle against Napster; the case against MP3.com; the RIAA prosecution of consumer infringement; and the digital transformation of publishing ledgers into metadata spreadsheets in the pursuit of an integrated global database through CISAC, the international association of copyright societies.
Wars of Ambition
Authors: Ostovar Afshon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Wars of Ambition is about America’s decline and Iran’s rise in the Middle East. At the dawn of the 21st century, U.S. influence in the Middle East remained strong. The events of 9/11 upended that seemingly inexorable course, and prompted the Bush administration’s bold plan to remake the Middle East centered on war with Iraq. The war created an opportunity for Iran to advance its own opposing ambitions to transform the region into a bastion of resistance to Western hegemony, and bringing an end to Israel’s existence as a Jewish state. The resulting clash for divergent regional orders intensified the Iraq War and, following the Arab Spring, engulfed the region in a competition for influence and supremacy involving local (Saudi Arabia, Turkey, UAE, Qatar, and Israel) and foreign powers (Russia and China). This book explores the evolution of that process as it unfolded across a span of over two decades, and examines how contending agendas are both infused with and transcend regional politics. With Iran’s empowerment and its revisionist campaign running in concert with those of Russia and China, the contest for the Middle East has become a microcosm of a larger geopolitical battle between those aiming to preserve the American-led global order and those seeking to overturn it. That sweeping examination is constructed as a narrative in order to capture the tumult of this period as it unfolded, and shows how the battle for the Middle East reflects the politics and dividing lines of an emergent multipolar world.
Upheaval
Authors: Ostovar Afshon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses how the 2009 protests in Iran were a foreshock to the Arab Spring. It examines how the United States and regional powers adopted contradictory and conflicting approaches to Arab Spring protests. The Obama administration’s support for protestors in Egypt and push for Hosni Mubarak’s resignation enraged Saudi Arabia and the UAE, sparking distrust and resentment. Libya, Bahrain, and Yemen showed the contradictions of regional policies, with Gulf Arab states broadly supporting protestors in Libya and Yemen against their rulers, while condemning them in Bahrain. Iran’s support for Bahrain aggravated tensions with Saudi Arabia, and in the context of its nuclear advancements, underpinned the violence of the shadow war both fought by and against Iran. The shadow war also exposed the steps that Israel was willing to take to discourage Iran’s nuclear program and that Iran would take in retaliation.
The Quest for Tripoli
Authors: Ostovar Afshon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines how foreign and regional powers intervened in Libya and shaped the outcomes of its second civil war. With the United States and Europe hesitant to become involved, Turkey, Qatar, the UAE, Russia, and Egypt filled the void and backed opposing sides in the war. Extensive Emirati and Russian backing for Khalifa Haftar’s campaign to topple the UN-recognized government in Tripoli gave his Tobruk-based forces an early advantage in the war. However, the Turkish military intervention, which was backed by Qatar, shifted momentum in the conflict, preserved the Tripoli government, and led to a partial reversal of Haftar’s advances. Turkey’s effort in Libya was part of its larger strategy to expand influence and secure a greater share of energy resources in the Mediterranean and Aegean seas.
What Made Nineteenth-Century Ballet So Successful?
Authors: Fullington Doug , Smith Marian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter posits four main reasons for the success of nineteenth-century ballets. First, they were made accessible to audiences in several ways, including convincing performances by the lead actors (who sometimes addressed the audience directly from the footlights) and the availability of detailed librettos explaining the action. Second, ballets satisfied a seemingly insatiable appetite for foreign culture with their enticing settings in faraway places, though as we may easily see in retrospect, depictions of Others (including Roma, Muslim, Black, and Jewish characters) reflect the values of west-European Christian imperialism. (In Le Corsaire, the depictions of Medora and her uncle Lanquedem, both Jewish, offer a particularly interesting case, Medora being sympathetic but Lanquedem unsympathetic.) Third, ballets prominently featured female characters (including charismatic star ballerinas, attractive corps de ballet women, and, in France, curvy-figured women in travesty). Fourth, they offered a great variety of music, movement styles, and scene types.
Giselle in Paris and Lyon
Authors: Fullington Doug , Smith Marian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the first production of Giselle, beginning with its genesis story, taken from accounts by Théophile Gautier. Next, the score by Adolphe Adam is described in detail, with a discussion of recurring melodies and borrowings from Puget, Weber, and from Adam’s score for Faust. Giselle’s use of typical ballet conventions of the period is enumerated; they include humor, violence, the presence of children, spectacle, and special effects. A short description of source material leads to a detailed account of the mime and action of Giselle as it is described in the Titus répétiteur. The chapter ends with a discussion of choreographic echoes of Act One appearing in Act Two; for instance, the light-hearted first encounter of the lovers in Act One is echoed in their first encounter in Act Two after Giselle has emerged from her grave as a Wili.
Giselle: From Paris to St. Petersburg and Back Again
Authors: Fullington Doug , Smith Marian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses productions of Giselle performed by the St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet, tracing changes and revisions made between 1842 and 1907 under the supervision of Jules Perrot, Marius Petipa, and others. It also discusses the 1863 revival of Giselle at the Paris Opéra that was performed until 1868 and included revisions and interpolations that have since become canonical. A description of source material leads to a detailed account of the choreography, mime, and action of the St. Petersburg Giselle based on the choreographic notation made in the Stepanov system by Nikolai Sergeyev circa 1903. Elements of this production are compared with the Lyon Giselle recorded by Henri Justamant circa 1858 and the conclusion is drawn that both versions share a common source in the 1841 Paris Opéra Giselle. The chapter ends with a survey of selected twentieth-century Western productions of Giselle that were based on the St. Petersburg version.
Paquita in Paris and Lyon
Authors: Fullington Doug , Smith Marian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the first production of Paquita in Paris and Lyon. Set in France during the period of the Napoleonic Empire, it is cloak-and-dagger comedy-drama culminating in a lengthy final ballroom scene that is the predecessor of today’s Grand pas. The chapter begins with a brief discussion of Bonapartism in France in the 1840s, followed by an examination of Spanish character dance, the critical reception of the Paris production, and Édouard Deldevez’s score (including his use of borrowings and recurring melodies, and ways of providing music appropriate for Roma, Spanish, and French characters). A description of source material leads to a detailed account of the choreography, mime, and action of Paquita as described in Henri Justamant’s staging manual and the Paris Opéra répétiteur.
Paquita in St. Petersburg
Authors: Fullington Doug , Smith Marian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter follows the evolution of Paquita on the St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet stage from its 1847 premiere to its 1881 revival by Marius Petipa, with musical contributions by Ludwig Minkus, to its documentation in the Stepanov choreographic notation system by Nikolai Sergeyev circa 1904–1905. Petipa’s exposure to the works of original Paquita choreographer Joseph Mazilier is chronicled and his love of Spanish dance and the ways in which he incorporated Spanish dance vocabulary into his choreography are explored. A description of source material leads to detailed account of the choreography, mime, and action of the St. Petersburg Paquita based on Sergeyev’s notations and an Imperial-era répétiteur that include the ballet’s celebrated children’s mazurka and Grand pas. Though these dances have endured, the complete Paquita is the lone work among the five ballets under discussion in this volume that did not establish itself in the modern classical repertory.
Le Corsaire in St. Petersburg
Authors: Fullington Doug , Smith Marian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses how Le Corsaire found a permanent home on the Russian stage following its 1858 St. Petersburg premiere. However, the swashbuckler that eventually sailed into the twentieth century bore only partial resemblance to Joseph Mazilier and Adolphe Adam’s 1856 Paris original. What had largely been a pantomime ballet, showcasing the acting talents of its original stars, became heavily populated with dances interpolated over decades, many composed by Cesare Pugni. The replacement of narrative-driven dances and the eventual omission of the ballet’s fourth scene contributed to a loss of dramatic coherence in what had once been Saint-Georges’s well-crafted albeit far-flung narrative. Following a performance history, a description of source material leads to detailed account of the choreography, mime, and action of the St. Petersburg Le Corsaire based on choreographic notations, made primarily by Nikolai Sergeyev in the Stepanov system during the first years of the twentieth century, and an Imperial-era répétiteur.
From Le pas des fleurs to Le jardin animé
Authors: Fullington Doug , Smith Marian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the genesis and evolution of the divertissement Le pas des fleurs, which was first added to the 1867 revival of Le Corsaire at the Paris Opéra, with music by Léo Delibes and choreography by Joseph Mazilier. A brief examination of Delibes’s score is followed by a discussion of the Paris production of the divertissement and its subsequent incorporation into the St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet production of Le Corsaire in 1868, in which the divertissement was renamed Le jardin animé. Extant source material, including Marius Petipa’s preparatory notes and choreographic notations made in the Stepanov system, provides a rare opportunity to trace Petipa’s ongoing conception of Le jardin animé over the course of time, from 1868 into the first years of the twentieth century. Descriptions of the dance based on these sources reveal Petipa’s use of polyphonic choreography, an important feature of his dance design.
Raymonda
Authors: Fullington Doug , Smith Marian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Marius Petipa’s 1898 Raymonda was the choreographer’s last evening-length ballet to achieve longevity. The ballet’s genesis involved the development of its libretto, which featured exoticism and reflected nineteenth-century Crusades narratives. The structure of the ballet emphasized spectacle and dance over mime and action, a trend in Petipa’s later works. The score by Glazunov, rich with recurring motifs, demonstrated an attempt to continue the Imperial Ballet’s collaboration with major Russian composers following the death of Tchaikovsky. A brief chronicle of Raymonda’s St. Petersburg performance history between 1898 and 1903 leads to an examination of source material, including published music scores and a choreographic notation made circa 1903 in the Stepanov method by Nikolai Sergeyev, and a description of the ballet’s action, choreography, and mime. The chapter also includes a short survey of selected Raymonda productions in twentieth-century Russia and in the West.
Establishing a Prisoners’ Collective
Authors: Bernstein Alyssa G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Palestinian Prisoners Movement emerged out of the need to organize against intolerable crowding and starvation-level rations in the 1960s and 1970s. Aided by prison management’s attempt to disperse ‘hothead’ prisoners, leaders were able to bring new organizational ideas across the prison system. This chapter explains this history and the role of political factions—primarily Fatah, Hamas, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, and Palestinian Islamic Jihad—in structuring the Movement’s daily life, education, and leadership. It describes the Movement’s repertoire of resistance, that is, strategies that members used to assert control over space, educate themselves, maintain security, and wrest demands from the prison authorities during the Movement’s height before and during the First Intifada. The chapter also delves into the ‘Mother of All Battles’, a massive 1992 hunger strike, and how leadership structures developed in prison provided a model for leadership of the First Intifada.
Division in Prison
Authors: Bernstein Alyssa G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Already weakened by the Israel Prison Service’s strategic repression of collective action and intra-faction competition, the Prisoners Movement was ill prepared for the 2007 conflict between Hamas and Fatah. Leaders in prison produced a reconciliation proposal, known as the Prisoners’ Document or Reconciliation Document, but outside leadership rejected it. A short time later, the outbreak of violence in Gaza between Fatah and Hamas created the necessity—or pretext—for the prison authority to divide the Movement. Some prisons were still divided until 2015, when the research concluded. The separation benefited Hamas, Fatah, and the prison administration, and so in many prisons, it became permanent. Despite the division, the Prisoners Movement fought a collective threat together: IPS switched its uniforms from brown to bright orange, which the Palestinian captives saw as an attempt to equate them with US detainees in the war on terror. Palestinian politically motivated prisoners’ uniforms remain brown.