bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and optimization of the visualization performance of continuous flow overhauser DNP hyperpolarized water MRI: Inversion recovery approach
Authors: Terekhov Maxim , Krummenacker Jan , Denysenkov Vasyl , Gerz Kathrin , Prisner Thomas , Schreiber Laura Maria 
Published: April 2015

PurposeOverhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) allows the production of liquid hyperpolarized substrate inside the MRI magnet bore as well as its administration in continuous flow mode to acquire MR images with enhanced signal‐to‐noise ratio. We implemented inversion recovery preparation in order to improve contrast‐to‐noise ratio and to quantify the overall imaging performance of Overhauser DNP‐enhanced MRI.MethodThe negative enhancement created by DNP in combination with inversion recovery (IR) preparation allows canceling selectively the signal originated from Boltzmann magnetization and visualizing only hyperpolarized fluid. The theoretical model describing gain of MR image intensity produced by steady‐state continuous flow DNP hyperpolarized magnetization was established and proved experimentally.ResultsA precise quantification of signal originated purely from DNP hyperpolarization was achieved. A temperature effect on longitudinal relaxation had to be taken into account to fit experimental results with numerical prediction.ConclusionUsing properly adjusted IR preparation, the complete zeroing of thermal background magnetization was achieved, providing an essential increase of contrast‐to‐noise ratio of DNP‐hyperpolarized water images. To quantify and optimize the steady‐state conditions for MRI with continuous flow DNP, an approach similar to that incorporating transient‐state thermal magnetization equilibrium in spoiled fast field echo imaging sequences can be used. Magn Reson Med 75:985–996, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacokinetics of Continuous‐Infusion Meropenem for the Treatment of Serratia marcescens Ventriculitis in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Cies Jeffrey J. , Moore Wayne S. , Calaman Sharon , Brown Melandee , Narayan Prithvi , Parker Jason , Chopra Arun 
Published: April 2015

Neither guidelines nor best practices for the treatment of external ventricular drain (EVD) and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections exist. An antimicrobial regimen with a broad spectrum of activity and adequate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration is vital in the management of both EVD and ventriculoperitoneal infections. In this case report, we describe the pharmacokinetics of continuous‐infusion meropenem for a 2‐year‐old girl with Serratia marcescens ventriculitis. A right frontal EVD was placed for the management of a posterior fossa mass with hydrocephalus and intraventricular hemorrhage. On hospital day 6, CSF specimens were cultured, which identified a pan‐sensitive Serratia marcescens with an initial cefotaxime minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 μg/ml or less. The patient was treated with cefotaxime monotherapy from hospital days 6 to 17, during which her CSF cultures and Gram's stain remained positive. On hospital day 26, Serratia marcescens was noted to be resistant to cefotaxime (minimum inhibitory concentration > 16 μg/ml), and the antimicrobial regimen was ultimately changed to meropenem and amikacin. Meropenem was dosed at 40 mg/kg/dose intravenously every 6 hours, infused over 30 minutes, during which, simultaneous serum and CSF meropenem levels were measured. Meropenem serum and CSF levels were measured at 2 and 4 hours from the end of the infusion with the intent to perform a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. The resulting serum meropenem levels were 12 μg/ml at 2 hours and “undetectable” at 4 hours, with CSF levels of 1 and 0.5 μg/ml at 2 and 4 hours, respectively. On hospital day 27, the meropenem regimen was changed to a continuous infusion of 200 mg/kg/day, with repeat serum and CSF meropenem levels measured on hospital day 33. The serum and CSF levels were noted to be 13 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The serum level of 13 μg/ml corresponds to an estimated meropenem clearance from the serum of 10.2 ml/kg/minute. Repeat meropenem levels from the serum and CSF on hospital day 37 were 15 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. After instituting the continuous‐infusion meropenem regimen, only three positive CSF Gram's stains were noted, with the CSF cultures remaining negative. The continuous‐infusion dosing regimen allowed for 100% probability of target attainment in the serum and CSF and a successful clinical outcome.
Experimental Study and DEM Simulation of Micro–Macro Behavior of TATB Granules During Compaction Using X‐ray Tomography
Authors: Dai Bin , Zhang Wei‐bin , Lan Lin‐gang , Tian Yong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this study, a noninvasive experimental method and a discrete element method (DEM) model were used to investigate the micro–macro behavior of TATB granules including global deformations, contact forces, stress distributions, local coordination number, local pore ratio, particle kinematics, and granule displacement during compacting process. The TATB granule deformation and structural evolution during compaction process were studied by X‐ray tomography and the deformation characteristics of deformable material. The size and number of granules with different sizes were determined from the CT images. The digital microstructure can be directly used for the numerical simulation setup. The DEM method was used for the numerical simulation of TATB granules during compaction. The contact forces and displacement vectors in compaction process were obtained. The behaviors and stress distributions at different pressures were also derived from the simulation. This study evaluated the possibility to better describe the behaviors of TATB granules.
Detection of triacetone triperoxide using temperature cycled metal‐oxide semiconductor gas sensors
Authors: Warmer Johannes , Wagner Patrick , Schöning Michael J. , Kaul Peter 
Published: April 2015

The temperature‐dependent sensing properties of metal‐oxide semiconductor gas sensors (MOX), based on SnO2 and WO3, to measure triacetone triperoxide (TATP), diacetone diperoxid (DADP), and di‐tert‐butyl‐peroxide (DTBP) and acetone are described. Conductivity measurements in the range from 100 to 400 °C operating temperature show two different reaction pathways on the surface for WO3 sensors. At temperatures below 150 °C organic peroxides react as an oxidizer which leads to an increase in the sensor resistance. Above 200 °C they react as a reducing agent that leads to a decrease of the sensor resistance. This effect is caused by two different, peroxide dependent reaction paths. The unique behavior of WO3‐based sensors can be used for selectivity enhancements in temperature cycle operation mode. With this method gas concentrations down to a few ppb are detectable.Scheme of TATP reacting on tungsten oxide semiconductor gas sensor. TATP decomposes and this leads to an increase of the sensor resistance at low temperatures and a decrease of resistance at high temperatures.
Modeling micromechanical response to thermal history in bulk grown aluminum nitride
Authors: Karvani Payman , Maniatty Antoinette M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA thermal‐elastic‐viscoplastic model suitable for modeling aluminum nitride (AlN) during crystal growth is presented. A crystal plasticity model that considers slip along crystallographic slip systems and the evolution of mobile and immobile dislocations on the prismatic and basal slip systems is developed. The model has been implemented into a finite element framework, and a sublimation growth process is modeled to demonstrate the model capability. The dislocation density, which characterizes the crystal quality, and the maximum tensile stress on the cleavage planes (m ‐planes), which leads to cracking, are computed. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Erratum: Influence of annealing on the properties of (Cd,Mn)Te crystals
Authors: Witkowska‐Baran M. , Kochanowska D. M. , Mycielski A. , Jakieła R. , Wittlin A. , Knoff W. , Suchocki A. , Nowa‐kowski P. , Korona K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe authors have completed their institutions to properly reflect the contributions of the affiliated institutions.
Field testing of linear individual pitch control on the two‐bladed controls advanced research turbine
Authors: van Solingen E. , Fleming P. A. , Scholbrock A. , van Wingerden J. W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper presents the results of field tests using linear individual pitch control (LIPC) on the two‐bladed Controls Advanced Research Turbine 2 (CART2) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). LIPC has recently been introduced as an alternative to the conventional individual pitch control (IPC) strategy for two‐bladed wind turbines. The main advantage of LIPC over conventional IPC is that it requires, at most, only two feedback loops to potentially reduce the periodic blade loads. In previous work, LIPC was designed to implement blade pitch angles at a fixed frequency [e.g., the once‐per‐revolution (1P) frequency], which made it only applicable in above‐rated wind turbine operating conditions. In this study, LIPC is extended to below‐rated operating conditions by gain scheduling the controller on the rotor speed. With this extension, LIPC and conventional IPC are successfully applied to the NREL CART2 wind turbine. The field‐test results obtained during the measurement campaign indicate that LIPC significantly reduces the wind turbine loads for both below‐rated and above‐rated operation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systems medicine: evolution of systems biology from bench to bedside
Authors: Wang Rui‐Sheng , Maron Bradley A. , Loscalzo Joseph 
Published: April 2015

High‐throughput experimental techniques for generating genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes, and interactomes have provided unprecedented opportunities to interrogate biological systems and human diseases on a global level. Systems biology integrates the mass of heterogeneous high‐throughput data and predictive computational modeling to understand biological functions as system‐level properties. Most human diseases are biological states caused by multiple components of perturbed pathways and regulatory networks rather than individual failing components. Systems biology not only facilitates basic biological research but also provides new avenues through which to understand human diseases, identify diagnostic biomarkers, and develop disease treatments. At the same time, systems biology seeks to assist in drug discovery, drug optimization, drug combinations, and drug repositioning by investigating the molecular mechanisms of action of drugs at a system's level. Indeed, systems biology is evolving to systems medicine as a new discipline that aims to offer new approaches for addressing the diagnosis and treatment of major human diseases uniquely, effectively, and with personalized precision. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2015, 7:141–161. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1297This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Macromolecular Interactions, Methods
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
The Impact of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 on the Health and Wellbeing of Australian Adults
Authors: Crawford Hilda A. , Barton Belinda , Wilson Meredith J. , Berman Yemima , McKelvey‐Martin Valerie J. , Morrison Patrick J. , North Kathryn N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe complications of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are widespread, unpredictable and variable and each person's experience of this disorder is unique. However, few studies have addressed the impact of NF1 from an individual's perspective. This qualitative study aims to identify the ways in which NF1 impacts upon affected Australian adults. Sixty adults with NF1, with a range of disease severity and visibility participated in a semi‐structured interview about the ways in which NF1 impacted upon their life and health. Data were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Results indicated that NF1 impacts upon affected adults in five major ways: 1) cosmetic burden of disease 2) learning difficulties 3) concerns about the risk of passing NF1 to offspring 4) uncertain disease progression, and 5) pain. Participants identified the aspects of NF1 that bothered them the most, creating a hierarchy of NF1 concerns within the cohort. Importantly, mildly affected adults shared many of the same concerns as those more severely affected. This study enhances our current understanding of the impact of NF1 in adulthood, and augments existing recommendations for the care of these patients.
Trophic ecology of the European wild rabbitOryctolagus cuniculuson the Mediterranean island of Lemnos, Greece
Authors: Kontsiotis V. J. , Bakaloudis D. E. , Merou T. , Xofis P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a species with a wide distribution across the globe and a contradicting role in the ecological integrity of ecosystems and local economies. Despite the considerable amount of research that has been conducted on the trophic ecology of the species in continental environments, similar studies in insular environments are still fairly scarce. The article examines the trophic ecology of wild rabbit, using microhistological analysis to study its annual dietary composition in relation to the availability and quality of food sources, in two different habitats of a northeast Mediterranean island. A total of 112 species were found to participate, to a lower or greater degree, in the species diet across the year. The available food sources, as well as the identified food items, were classified in three feeding functional groups (FFGs), namely, grasses, forbs and parts of woody plants. Wild rabbit follows a diverse diet having adapted to the seasonal changes in the availability and quality of food sources. Forbs is the FFG which constitutes the main food source of the species, while grasses and parts of woody plants form occasionally an important component of its diet. The FFG of grasses is almost constantly preferred in both habitat types and plays a deterministic role in the trophic ecology of wild rabbit. During the critical dry season, where the availability of high quality food becomes limited, the species preferably consumes taxa that are generally less palatable and even toxic in its struggle for survival.
Rosiglitazone, but Not Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate, Attenuates the Decrease in PGC‐1α Protein Levels in Palmitate‐Induced Insulin‐Resistant C2C12 Cells
Authors: Karimfar Mohammad Hassan , Haghani Karimeh , Babakhani Azar , Bakhtiyari Salar 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlteration of lipid metabolism is an important mechanism for the treatment of insulin resistance. PGC‐1α, a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, plays an important role in the improvement of insulin sensitivity by increasing fatty acids β‐oxidation. In the present study, the effects of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), an anti‐obesity agent and enhancer of lipid catabolism, on PGC‐1α protein expression was examined and compared with anti‐diabetic drug rosiglitazone (RGZ). After differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts to myotubes, insulin resistance was induced by palmitate treatment. Then the expression of the PGC‐1a gene and glucose uptake were evaluated before and after treatment with RGZ and EGCG. Palmitate treatment significantly decreased PGC‐1α protein expression in C2C12 cells (P < 0.05). RGZ could restore the expression of PGC‐1α in palmitate treated cells (P > 0.05), while EGCG had no significant effect on the expression of this gene (P < 0.05). RGZ and EGCG significantly improved glucose uptake (by 2‐ and 1.54‐fold, respectively) in myotubes treated with palmitate. These data suggest that RGZ and EGCG both exert their anti‐diabetic activity by increasing insulin sensitivity, but with different molecular mechanisms. This effect of RGZ, unlike EGCG, is mediated, at least partly, by increasing PGC‐1α protein expression.
Determination of Oxidation of Methyl Ricinoleates
Authors: Wang Tong , Lee Show‐ling , da Silva José André C. , Hammond Earl , Yao Linxing 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRicinoleate esters have desirable properties as biolubricants, but their oxidative stability has been questioned. To systematically study the stability of ricinoleate ester and its derivative, methyl esters of castor oil were prepared and methyl ricinoleate was isolated by solvent partitioning. Methyl 12‐acetyl ricinoleate was synthesized from the methyl ricinoleate by interesterification with excess methyl acetate and was then purified by solvent partitioning. The rates of oxidation of methyl linoleate, methyl oleate and the two ricinoleate esters were measured by oxidation of lipid dispersed on glass beads under three temperatures (40–80 °C). The relative amounts of the unoxidized methyl esters were determined periodically by gas chromatography, and the peroxide value of the oils was also determined. The oxidation rates were determined as the peroxide value increase rate, as well as the ester disappearance rate, and the stability of the various esters was compared. Overall, methyl ricinoleate was much more oxidatively stable than methyl oleate at mildly elevated temperatures, and the acetylation of the hydroxyl group on the 12th carbon decreased the stability.
Selective Production of Diacylglycerols Through Glycerolysis by Ionic Liquid: 1‐Butyl‐3‐Methylimidazolium Imidazolide as Catalyst and Reaction Medium
Authors: Huang Yingsi , Gao Yongqing , Zhong Nanjing 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this study, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium imidazolide ([Bmim]Im) was found effective to catalyze the glycerolysis of triacylglycerols (TAG) for selective production of diacylglycerols (DAG). About 60 % content of DAG and 80 % conversion of TAG were achieved with [Bmim]Im at 15 % (wt% based on TAG), without requirement of any other catalyst and reaction medium. In addition, the weight ratio of DAG to monoacylglycerols (MAG) was at 0.9 when the glycerol/TAG mole ratio was 5:1, indicating [Bmim]Im was selective for DAG generation.
Radiology in the Undergraduate Medical Curriculum: Too Little, Too Late?
Authors: Dmytriw Adam A. , Mok Philip S. , Gorelik Natalia , Kavanaugh Jordan , Brown Peter 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThere is an anecdotal need to increase radiology education in medical school. Surveys were distributed to three medical schools, with a respondency of 55 %. Over 91 % of students believed there should be more radiology teaching in medical school. Students prefer different methods of teaching, lectures, group learning, and web-based modules.
The effect of parental loss on cognitive and affective interference in adolescent boys from a post‐conflict region
Authors: Mueller S.C. , Baudoncq R. , De Schryver M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTLittle is known about the impact of early‐life stressors such as parental loss on cognitive‐affective processing during adolescence, especially in regions chronically affected by war and armed conflict. Here, we tested 72 male adolescents living in Northern Uganda (ages 14–19), 52 of whom still had both of their parents and 20 participants who had experienced parental loss. Participants completed a classic color‐naming Stroop task as well as an affective interference task, the opposite emotions test (OET). Adolescents with parental loss showed a decrease in performance over time, especially on the Stroop task. Critically, this decrement in performance was positively associated with reported symptoms of trauma, but only in the parental loss group. The current data suggest a difficulty in maintaining cognitive control performance in youths with experience of parental loss. The findings are discussed in relation to traumatic stress and mental health in post‐conflict regions.
Antenatal betamethasone produces protracted changes in anxiety‐like behaviors and in the expression of microtubule‐associated protein 2, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and the tyrosine kinase B receptor in the rat cerebellar cortex
Authors: Pascual Rodrigo , Valencia Martina , Bustamante Carlos 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUsing classic Golgi staining methods, we previously showed that the administration of synthetic glucocorticoid betamethasone in equivalent doses to those given in cases of human premature birth generates long‐term alterations in Purkinje cell dendritic development in the cerebellar cortex. In the present study, we evaluated whether betamethasone alters the immunohistochemical expression of proteins that participate in cerebellar Purkinje cell dendritic development and maintenance, including microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the tyrosine kinase B receptor (TrkB), which are located predominantly in the cerebellar molecular layer where Purkinje cell dendritogenesis occurs. Consistent with our previous Golgi stain studies, we observed that animals prenatally exposed to a single course of betamethasone showed long‐term alterations in the expression of MAP2, BDNF and TrkB. Additionally, these protracted molecular changes were accompanied by anxiety‐like behaviors in the elevated plus maze and marble burying tests.
Financial benefits and risks of dependency in triadic supply chain relationships
Authors: Kim Yoon Hee , Henderson Darren 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe economic consequences of interdependent relationships with suppliers and customers have long been of interest to supply chain managers and academics alike. Whereas previous studies have focused on the benefits or risks of embedded relationships that accrue to buying firms, this study simultaneously investigates the effects of a supplier's and a customer's embeddedness, arising from resource dependency, on a focal firm's financial performance in triadic supply chain relationships. Using 1,144 unique focal firm‐years for U.S. firms from Compustat, we find that a supplier's and a customer's dependency both increase the focal firm's performance in terms of return on assets (ROA) and return on sales (ROS) by increasing asset turnover (ATO). As levels of supplier and customer dependency on the focal firm increase, however, the economic benefits of customer dependency diminish beyond a certain point, while those of supplier dependency continue to increase above that threshold. Thus, our findings show the paradoxically differing risks of the supplier's versus the customer's dependency, while establishing the unequivocal economic benefits of supplier and customer relations for focal firms in the middle of concentrated triadic relationships.