bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid Autotransplantation during Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Christakis Ioannis , Constantinides Vasilis A , Tolley Neil S , Palazzo Fausto F 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
Postoperative hypoparathyroidism is the commonest permanent complication of thyroid surgery. It results from the removal or devascularization of the parathyroid glands. Parathyroid autotransplantation is a tool to retain parathyroid function and to decrease the need for prolonged pharmacological support. The basis of the technique that we describe in detail is that described by Wells et al. Overall the success rates of immediate autotransplantation range between 85 and 99% and technique appears to play a key role.

How to cite this article
Christakis I, Constantinides VA, Tolley NS, Palazzo FF. Parathyroid Autotransplantation during Thyroid Surgery. World J Endoc Surg 2012;4(3):115-117.
Intense Ga-68 Dotatate Uptake in Recurrent MTC Patient
Authors: Soydal Cigdem , Araz Mine , Kucuk Ozlem N , Ozkan Elgin , Demirer Taner 
Published: December 2012

How to cite this article
Soydal C, Ozkan E, Araz M, Kucuk ON, Demirer T. Intense Ga-68 Dotatate Uptake in Recurrent MTC Patient . World J Endoc Surg 2012;4(3):118-119.
Inheritance
Authors: Haslett D. W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPhilosophers challenge conventional beliefs, beliefs that most people, without much thought, simply assume to be justified. One such belief is that it is quite natural, and justified, for wealth to be inherited. But, long ago, the inheritance of political power was, for good reasons, abolished virtually everywhere. Why not now, it might be asked, abolish the inheritance of economic power, of wealth?
Intergenerational Ethics
Authors: Mulgan Tim 
Published: December 2012

AbstractUnless something goes drastically wrong in the next few centuries, most of the people who will ever live are yet to be born. Our actions have little impact on those who are dead, considerable impact on those currently alive, and potentially enormous impact on those who will live in the future. Our decisions affect who those future people will be, and even if there will be any future people at all. The threat of environmental crisis gives us some inkling of the magnitude of our impact on future generations. Only in the last few decades have moral philosophers really begun to grapple with the complexities of intergenerational ethics. Underlying their often technical debates are some of the deepest moral questions. What makes life worth living? What do we owe to our descendants? How do we balance their needs against our own?
Literature and Ethics
Authors: Crary Alice 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Recent conversations about “literature and ethics” tend to focus not on general questions about ways in which literature is capable of enriching moral philosophy, but on the quite specific question of whether literature considered as literature can inform moral philosophy by directly contributing to moral understanding. This essay summarizes core concerns of these conversations and compares them with concerns of two additional, related, sets of discussions, namely, discussions in contemporary European philosophy about the relationship between literature and philosophy and discussions in aesthetics about the possibility of what is called “ethical criticism”.
Medical Tourism
Authors: Snyder Jeremy 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Medical tourism is the intentional pursuit of non‐emergency medical care by patients outside their nation of residence and typically paid for out of pocket (Ramirez de Arellano 2007). Medical tourism can be distinguished from emergency care received by travelers who become ill while abroad and from cross‐border care arrangements that are part of a planned healthcare delivery system. Medical tourism is thought to be a growing phenomenon, with low and middle income countries such as India, Thailand, and Costa Rica increasingly serving as destinations for medical tourists from both high and low income countries to middle income countries. Medical tourists are motivated by a variety of factors, including availability of specific procedures, cost of treatments, and wait times for treatment in the patient's home country (Turner 2007).
Instrumental Value
Authors: Bradley Ben 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Instrumental value, or value as a means, is a sort of extrinsic (non‐intrinsic) value (
see
Intrinsic Value). Instrumental and extrinsic value are sometimes identified (e.g., Frankena 1963: 65), but instrumental value is only one sort of extrinsic value; something might be valuable as a part, or as a sign, rather than as a means (Bradley 1998). Although intrinsic value has the more central place in moral theory, and has generated much more philosophical discussion, most of the things to which we normally attribute value are instrumentally valuable – for example, money, food, consumer goods, education, health, and friendship. Some of those things might also be intrinsically good, but in most cases this is a matter of controversy; for example, some say that knowledge is intrinsically good, while others say it is merely instrumentally good, in virtue of helping us achieve other goods.
Idealization in Ethics
Authors: Tropman Elizabeth 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIdealization procedures play an important role in many ethical theories. The concept of an idealized individual, one who possesses certain perfections or other desirable qualities, can represent a useful moral exemplar and provide moral guidance. Reflecting upon what would be true in a sufficiently idealized world may also tell us what we should do in actual, nonideal circumstances. Appeals to idealization vary according to which normative notion is the target of analysis: morality, value, or reasons for action. Such accounts also disagree about the proper object of idealization and how to characterize the idealization process.
Brief Report: AA Amyloidosis Complicating the Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes
Authors: Lane Thirusha , Loeffler Jutta M. , Rowczenio Dorota M. , Gilbertson Janet A. , Bybee Alison , Russell Tonia L. , Gillmore Julian D. , Wechalekar Ashutosh D. , Hawkins Philip N. , Lachmann Helen J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveAA amyloidosis is a life‐threatening complication of the hereditary periodic fever syndromes (HPFS), which are otherwise often compatible with normal life expectancy. This study was undertaken to determine the characteristics, presentation, natural history, and response to treatment in 46 patients who had been referred for evaluation at the UK National Amyloidosis Centre.MethodsDisease activity was monitored by serial measurement of serum amyloid A. Renal function was assessed by measurement of serum creatinine and albumin levels, the estimated glomerular filtration rate, and proteinuria from 24‐hour urine collections. The amyloid load was measured by serum amyloid P scintigraphy.ResultsTwenty‐four patients had familial Mediterranean fever, 12 patients had tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated periodic syndrome, 6 patients had cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndromes, and 4 patients had mevalonate kinase deficiency. The median age at onset of HPFS was 5 years; median age at presentation with AA amyloidosis was 38 years. Diagnosis of an HPFS had not been considered prior to presentation with AA amyloidosis in 23 patients (50%). Eleven patients (24%) had end‐stage renal failure (ESRF) at presentation; of these, 3 had received transplants prior to referral. A further 13 patients developed ESRF over the followup period, with 10 undergoing renal transplantation. The median time to progression to ESRF from onset of AA amyloidosis was 3.3 years (interquartile range [IQR] 2–8), with a median time to transplant of 4 years (IQR 3–6). Eleven patients (24%) died. The median survival in the entire cohort was 19 years from diagnosis of AA amyloidosis. Of the 37 patients who were treated successfully, or in whom at least partial suppression of the underlying HPFS was achieved, 17 (46%) showed amyloid regression, 14 (38%) showed a stable amyloid load, and 2 (5%) showed increased amyloid deposition over the followup period.ConclusionAA amyloidosis remains a challenging and serious late complication of HPFS; however, outcomes are excellent when HPFS is diagnosed early enough to allow effective treatment, thus preventing or retarding further amyloid deposition and organ damage.
Presence and Role of Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Experimental Arthritis Models
Authors: Cantaert Tineke , Teitsma Christine , Tak Paul P. , Baeten Dominique 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveAnti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are the serologic hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis. Functional studies on the role of ACPAs in experimental arthritis have yielded conflicting results, and therefore the present study was undertaken to assess systematically whether citrullinated proteins can really induce ACPAs and modulate arthritis in mice.MethodsBalb/c, SJL, and DBA/1 mice were immunized with either native or citrullinated fibrinogen, myelin basic protein (MBP), and type II collagen (CII). ACPAs were detected with a peptide‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and with Western blotting using fibrinogen as substrate. Arthritis was induced in mice by immunization with CII in Freund's complete adjuvant or by injection of anticollagen antibodies.ResultsAnalysis of the sera of mice immunized with citrullinated proteins revealed false‐positive results with the citrulline peptide–based ELISA. In contrast, Western blot analysis using either citrullinated or native fibrinogen as substrate reliably detected ACPAs in Balb/c mice immunized with citrullinated fibrinogen, MBP, and CII. However, these ACPAs failed to induce or aggravate disease in Balb/c mice in the anticollagen antibody–induced arthritis model. Immunization with citrullinated fibrinogen induced ACPAs but did not lead to arthritis development in SJL and DBA/1 mice. In contrast, immunization with citrullinated CII failed to induce ACPAs or enhance disease in these strains in the collagen‐induced arthritis model.ConclusionMice can develop genuine ACPAs, but detection of ACPAs is highly dependent on strain, immunogen, immunization protocol, and detection assay. Murine ACPAs are not overtly pathogenic, since neither preexisting ACPAs nor the use of citrullinated collagen as immunogen modulates the clinical course of arthritis.
Differential Role of Lipocalin 2 During Immune Complex–Mediated Acute and Chronic Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Shashidharamurthy Rangaiah , Machiah Deepa , Aitken Jesse D. , Putty Kalyani , Srinivasan Gayathri , Chassaing Benoit , Parkos Charles A. , Selvaraj Periasamy , Vijay‐Kumar Matam 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveLipocalin 2 (LCN‐2) is an innate immune protein that is expressed by a variety of cells and is highly up‐regulated during several pathologic conditions, including immune complex (IC)–mediated inflammatory/autoimmune disorders. However, the function of LCN‐2 during IC‐mediated inflammation is largely unknown. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the role of LCN‐2 in IC‐mediated diseases.MethodsThe up‐regulation of LCN‐2 was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 3 different mouse models of IC‐mediated autoimmune disease: systemic lupus erythematosus, collagen‐induced arthritis, and serum‐transfer arthritis. The in vivo role of LCN‐2 during IC‐mediated inflammation was investigated using LCN‐2–knockout mice and their wild‐type littermates.ResultsLCN‐2 levels were significantly elevated in all 3 of the autoimmune disease models. Further, in an acute skin inflammation model, LCN‐2–knockout mice exhibited a 50% reduction in inflammation, with histopathologic analysis revealing notably reduced immune cell infiltration as compared to wild‐type mice. Administration of recombinant LCN‐2 to LCN‐2–knockout mice restored inflammation to levels observed in wild‐type mice. Neutralization of LCN‐2 using a monoclonal antibody significantly reduced inflammation in wild‐type mice. In contrast, LCN‐2–knockout mice developed more severe serum‐induced arthritis compared to wild‐type mice. Histologic analysis revealed extensive tissue and bone destruction, with significantly reduced neutrophil infiltration but considerably more macrophage migration, in LCN‐2–knockout mice compared to wild‐type mice.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that LCN‐2 may regulate immune cell recruitment to the site of inflammation, a process essential for the controlled initiation, perpetuation, and resolution of inflammatory processes. Thus, LCN‐2 may present a promising target in the treatment of IC‐mediated inflammatory/autoimmune diseases.
The Fibromyalgia Family Study: A Genome‐Wide Linkage Scan Study
Authors: Arnold Lesley M. , Fan Jinbo , Russell I. Jon , Yunus Muhammad B. , Khan Muhammad Asim , Kushner Irving , Olson Jane M. , Iyengar Sudha K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveFamilial aggregation of fibromyalgia has been increasingly recognized. The goal of this study was to conduct a genome‐wide linkage scan to identify susceptibility loci for fibromyalgia.MethodsWe genotyped members of 116 families from the Fibromyalgia Family Study and performed a model‐free genome‐wide linkage analysis of fibromyalgia with 341 microsatellite markers, using the Haseman‐Elston regression approach.ResultsThe estimated sibling recurrence risk ratio (λs) for fibromyalgia was 13.6 (95% confidence interval 10.0–18.5), based on a reported population prevalence of 2%. Genome‐wide suggestive evidence of linkage was observed at markers D17S2196 (empirical P [Pe] = 0.00030) and D17S1294 (Pe = 0.00035) on chromosome 17p11.2–q11.2.ConclusionThe estimated sibling recurrence risk ratio (λs) observed in this study suggests a strong genetic component of fibromyalgia. This is the first report of genome‐wide suggestive linkage of fibromyalgia to the chromosome 17p11.2–q11.2 region. Further investigation of these multicase families from the Fibromyalgia Family Study is warranted to identify potential causal risk variants for fibromyalgia.
Formation of T‐Shaped versus Charge‐Transfer Molecular Adducts in the Reactions Between Bis(thiocarbonyl) Donors and Br2 and I2
Authors: Mancini Annalisa , Aragoni M. Carla , Bricklebank Neil , Castellano Carlo , Demartin Francesco , Isaia Francesco , Lippolis Vito , Pintus Anna , Arca Massimiliano 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe reactions of 4,5,6,7‐tetrathiocino‐[1,2‐b:3,4‐b′]‐1,3,8,10‐tetrasubstituted‐diimidazolyl‐2,9‐dithiones (R2,R′2‐todit; 1: R=R′=Et; 2: R=R′=Ph; 3: R=Et, R′=Ph) with Br2 exclusively afforded 1:1 and 1:2 “T‐shaped” adducts, as established by FT‐Raman spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction in the case of complex 1⋅2 Br2. On the other hand, the reactions of compounds 1–3 with molecular I2 provided charge‐transfer (CT) “spoke” adducts, among which the solvated species 3⋅2 I2⋅(1−x)I2⋅x CH2Cl2 (x=0.94) and (3)2⋅7 I2⋅x CH2Cl2, (x=0.66) were structurally characterized. The nature of all of the reaction products was elucidated based on elemental analysis and FT‐Raman spectroscopy and supported by theoretical calculations at the DFT level.
Parameterization of Sampled‐Data H∞ Output Feedback Controllers for General Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Wu Jenq‐Lang , Yung Chee‐Fai 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the H∞ control problem for general nonlinear systems under sampled measurements. Sufficient conditions for the existence of H∞ output feedback controllers are derived. The major contribution of this paper is to characterize a family of H∞ output feedback controllers for nonaffine nonlinear systems under sampled measurements.
Interaction between HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) and hepatic transporters in sandwich cultured human hepatocytes: implication for PI‐based DDIs
Authors: Liu Li , Unadkat Jashvant D. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTAlthough HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) produce profound metabolic interactions through inactivation/inhibition of CYP3A enzymes, their role as victims of transporter‐based drug–drug interactions (DDIs) is less well understood. Therefore, this study investigated if the PIs, nelfinavir (NFV), ritonavir (RTV), lopinavir (LPV) or amprenavir (APV) were transported into sandwich‐cultured human hepatocytes (SCHH), and whether OATPs contributed to this transport. The findings showed that, except for 3H‐APV, no significant decrease in the total hepatocyte accumulation of the 3H‐PIs was detected in the presence of the corresponding unlabeled PI, indicating that the uptake of the other PIs was not mediated. Further, hepatocyte biliary efflux studies using 3H‐APV and unlabeled APV confirmed this decrease to be due to inhibition of sinusoidal influx transporter(s) and not the canalicular efflux transporters. Moreover, this sinusoidal transport of APV was not OATP‐mediated. The results indicate that the hepatic uptake of NFV, RTV or LPV was primarily mediated by passive diffusion. The hepatic uptake of APV was mediated by an unidentified sinusoidal transporter(s). Therefore, NFV, RTV or LPV will not be victims of DDIs involving inhibition of hepatic influx transporters; however, the disposition of APV may be affected if its sinusoidal transport is inhibited. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An in vitro mouse model of congenital cytomegalovirus‐induced pathogenesis of the inner ear cochlea
Authors: Melnick Michael , Jaskoll Tina 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCongenital human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the leading nongenetic etiology of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) at birth and prelingual SNHL not expressed at birth. The paucity of temporal bone autopsy specimens from infants with congenital CMV infection has hindered the critical correlation of histopathology with pathogenesis. Here, we present an in vitro embryonic mouse model of CMV‐infected cochleas that mimics the human sites of viral infection and associated pathology. There is a striking dysplasia/hyperplasia in mouse CMV‐infected cochlear epithelium and mesenchyme, including organ of Corti hair and supporting cells and stria vascularis. This is concomitant with significant dysregulation of p19, p21, p27, and Pcna gene expression, as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression. Other pathologies similar to those arising from known deafness gene mutations include downregulation of KCNQ1 protein expression in the stria vascularis, as well as hypoplastic and dysmorphic melanocytes. Thus, this model provides a relevant and reliable platform within which the detailed cell and molecular biology of CMV‐induced deafness may be studied. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Halogen Bonding between Anions and Iodoperfluoroorganics: Solution‐Phase Thermodynamics and Multidentate‐Receptor Design
Authors: Sarwar Mohammed G. , Dragisić Bojan , Dimitrijević Elena , Taylor Mark S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe interactions of iodoperfluoroarenes and ‐alkanes with anions in organic solvent were studied. The data indicates that favorable halogen‐bonding interactions exist between halide anions and the monodentate model compounds C6F5I and C8F17I. These data served as a basis for the development of preorganized multidentate receptors capable of high‐affinity anion recognition. Several new receptor architectures were prepared, and the multidentate‐iodoperfluorobenzoate‐ester design, as described in a preliminary communication, was evaluated in more detail. Computation was employed to better interpret the structure–activity relationships arising from these studies. Investigations of the thermodynamics of anion binding (by van't Hoff analysis) and solvent effects reveal details of these halogen bonding interactions.
Ag/AgBr/Co–Ni–NO3 Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocomposites with Highly Adsorptive and Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Fan Hai , Zhu Jianying , Sun Jianchao , Zhang Shenxiang , Ai Shiyun 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA facile anion‐exchange precipitation method was used to synthesize bifunctional Ag/AgBr/Co–Ni–NO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites by adding AgNO3 solution to a suspension of Co–Ni–Br LDH. The Ag/AgBr nanoparticles were highly dispersed on the sheets of Co–Ni–NO3 LDH. The prepared nanocomposites were used to adsorb and photocatalytically degrade organic pollutants from water. Without light illumination, the nanocomposites quickly adsorbed methyl orange, and the adsorptive capacity, which can reach 230 mg g−1, is much higher than those of Co–Ni–Br LDH, Ag/AgBr, and activated carbon. The photocatalytic activities of the nanocomposites for the removal of dyes and phenol are higher than those of Co–Ni–Br LDH and Ag/AgBr. The proposed method can be applied to prepare other LDH/silver salt composites. The high absorptive capacity and good photocatalytic activity of such nanostructures could have wide applications in wastewater treatment.
Exploiting Aggregation To Achieve Phase Separation in Macrocyclization
Authors: Bédard Anne‐Catherine , Collins Shawn K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe aggregation properties of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can be exploited in organic synthesis to control dilution effects. Through the use of solvent mixtures containing PEG400/MeOH, macrocyclization by Glaser–Hay coupling can be conducted at high concentrations. The origin of the selectivity has been studied by using surface tension measurements, UV spectroscopy, and chemical tagging and demonstrates the dependence of the yield and selectivity on the aggregation of PEG400 and its ability to preferentially solubilize organic substrates, resulting in a phase separation from the catalyst system.
Revising the Absolute Configurations of Coatlines via Density Functional Theory Calculations of Electronic Circular Dichroism Spectra
Authors: Genta‐Jouve Gregory , Weinberg Lionel , Cocandeau Vincent , Maestro Yannick , Thomas Olivier Paul , Holderith Serge 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTCoatline A (1) and α‐epi‐coatline A (4) co‐occur in the trunk extract of Andira coriacea. Inspection of their chiroptical properties led to intriguing results. After a careful examination of the experimental data used for the previously reported absolute configuration of these compounds, some uncertainties were identified. A combined theoretical approach including conformational analyses and calculation of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, in addition with experimental data obtained for schoepfin A (5) and the new schoepfin D (6) isolated from Senna quinquangulata, allowed the revision of the absolute configuration of coatlines A (1) and B (2). Chirality 25:180–184, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemerin and Vaspin: Possible Targets to Treat Obesity?
Authors: Schultz Stephan , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObesity is one of the main human epidemics today. The increase in fat accumulation, which is associated with obesity, may significantly change the expression of several bioactive molecules known as adipokines. These adipokines interact not only with adipose tissue, but also with metabolically relevant organs such as liver and muscle. Understanding the molecular basics of potential novel targets might help to improve the therapeutic treatment of people who suffer from obesity. Herein we summarize the state of the art of two novel adipokines and their impaired or protective action in obesity: chemerin and vaspin. Their expression patterns, signal transduction activity, and resulting functions within the human body are introduced. We also discuss various possibilities to target these adipokines, which may represent promising new targets for the treatment of obesity by small and synthetic compounds.