bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐assisted Extraction of Gymnemic Acids from Gymnema sylvestre Leaves and its Effect on Insulin‐producing RINm‐5 F β Cell Lines
Authors: Sheoran Sunita , Panda Bibhu Prasad , Admane Prasad S. , Panda Amulya Kumar , Wajid Saima 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIntroductionGymnema sylvestre is an important anti‐diabetic medicinal plant, hence it is necessary to study the effective extraction of its active medicinal components.ObjectiveTo develop an efficient ultrasound‐assisted extraction method for anti‐diabetic gymnemic acids from Gymnema sylvestre leaves and measure their effect on insulin‐producing RINm‐5 F β cells.MethodsBox–Behnken's design and response surface methodology was applied to the ultrasound‐assisted extraction of gymnemic acids from Gymnema sylvestre leaves. Analysis of gymnemic acids was carried out by high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography by converting total gymnemic acids into gymnemagenin by alkali hydrolysis. Effects of extracts on insulin production were tested on cultured, insulin‐producing RINm‐5 F β cell lines.ResultsThe point prediction tool of the design expert software predicted 397.9 mg gymnemic acids per gram of the defatted G. sylvestre leaves using ultrasound‐assisted extraction, with ethanol at 60 °C for 30 min. The predicted condition shows 93.34% validity under experimental conditions. The ultrasound‐assisted extract caused up to about four times more insulin production from RINm‐5 F β cells than extracts obtained from Soxhlet extraction.ConclusionsResponse surface methodology was successfully used to improve the extraction of gymnemic acids from G. sylvestre leaves. The ultrasound‐assisted extraction process may be a better alternative to prepare such herbal extracts because it saves time and may prevent excess degradation of the target analytes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcome following Distally Locked Volar Plating for Distal Radius Fractures with Metadiaphyseal Involvement
Authors: Matullo Kristofer S. , Dennison David G. 
Published: December 2014

Background The surgical treatment of metadiaphyseal distal radius fractures may be difficult due to the associated articular or periarticular extension that limits standard fixation techniques. Longer distal radius volar locking plates allow stable fixation of the distal fragments while providing standard plate fixation in the proximal radius. We hypothesize that this plating technique allows adequate fixation to both the distal radius and metadiaphyseal fragments. The purpose of the study is to describe the outcomes, radiographic parameters, secondary surgeries, and complication rate with this device. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on adult patients with a distal radius fracture and metadiaphyseal involvement treated with a volar, distally locked plate. All patients were followed up for radiographic union, with a mean time of 219 days (range 38–575). Fracture patterns, outcomes of range of motion, grip strength, and complications, as well as injury, post open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), and finally, healed radiographic parameters were recorded. Results Twenty patients with 21 fractures were included. At union, mean radiographic parameters were the following: volar tilt of 8°, radial inclination of 27°, radial height of 14 mm, and ulnar variance of −1 mm. The mean final range of motion was 52° flexion, 50° extension, 68° pronation, and 66° supination. Complications included one infection and one plate removal. Four patients developed a nonunion requiring secondary procedures. There were no incidents of hardware failure or adhesions requiring tenolysis. Conclusion Distally locked long volar plating for metadiaphyseal distal radius fractures is a safe and effective treatment option for these complex fracture patterns allowing anatomic restoration of the radial shaft and distal radius.
‘Society’ and Struggle in the Early Twentieth Century: The Vietnamese neologistic project and French colonialism
Authors: DUTTON GEORGE 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAt the beginning of the twentieth century, the Vietnamese were confronted with the harsh realities of French colonialism, while simultaneously engaging with a flood of new concepts and the language that came with them. Among these concepts was that of ‘society’, whose import was enhanced by its linkages with the discourse of social Darwinism. This article explores the Vietnamese neologistic project of the early twentieth century through a close examination of the ways in which the concept and labels for ‘society’ were brought in and understood. I argue that the arrival of ‘society’ in conjunction with social Darwinism profoundly shaped the Vietnamese understanding of the term, implicating it in a notion of struggle and contestation. By illustrating the introduction of ‘society’ through early modernist school textbooks I suggest the ways in which Vietnamese conceptualized it as they embarked on their own struggle with the threats posed by colonialism.
What Exactly Did You Claim?
Authors: HÄYRY MATTI 
Published: December 2014

Abstract:Philosophers should express their ideas clearly. They should do this in any field of specialization, but especially when they address issues of practical consequence, as they do in bioethics. This article dissects a recent and much-debated contribution to philosophical bioethics by Alberto Giubilini and Francesca Minerva, examines how exactly it fails to meet the requirement of clarity, and maps a way forward by outlining the ways in which philosophical argumentation could validly and soundly proceed in bioethics.
THE CLASS OF (2, 2)-GROUPS WITH HOMOCYCLIC REGULATOR QUOTIENT OF EXPONENT HAS BOUNDED REPRESENTATION TYPE
Authors: ARNOLD DAVID M. , MADER ADOLF , MUTZBAUER OTTO , SOLAK EBRU 
Published: December 2014

The class of almost completely decomposable groups with a critical typeset of type$(2,2)$and a homocyclic regulator quotient of exponent $p^{3}$is shown to be of bounded representation type. There are only$16$isomorphism at$p$types of indecomposables, all of rank $8$or lower.
Towards scalable nano-engineering of graphene
Authors: Martínez-Galera A. J. , Brihuega I. , Gutiérrez-Rubio A. , Stauber T. , Gómez-Rodríguez J. M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBy merging bottom-up and top-down strategies we tailor graphene's electronic properties within nanometer accuracy, which opens up the possibility to design optical and plasmonic circuitries at will. In a first step, graphene electronic properties are macroscopically modified exploiting the periodic potential generated by the self assembly of metal cluster superlattices on a graphene/Ir(111) surface. We then demonstrate that individual metal clusters can be selectively removed by a STM tip with perfect reproducibility and that the structures so created are stable even at room temperature. This enables one to nanopattern circuits down to the 2.5 nm only limited by the periodicity of the Moiré-pattern, i.e., by the distance between neighbouring clusters and different electronic and optical properties should prevail in the covered and uncovered regions. The method can be carried out on micro-meter-sized regions with clusters of different materials permitting to tune the strength of the periodic potential.
Defective Ca2+ binding in a conserved binding site causes incomplete N-glycan processing and endoplasmic reticulum trapping of discoidin domain receptors
Authors: Phan Trong-Nhat , Wong Ee Lin , Park Sun Young , Kim Hae Jong , Yang Beom-Seok 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
An X-ray crystallographic study has suggested that vertebrate discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) have a conserved Ca2+ binding site. DDR1 and DDR2 transfected in HEK293 cells were expressed mainly as 120 and 130 kDa forms, respectively, as they are sufficiently N-glycosylated. However, both of them showed the molecular weight of 110 kDa predominantly in the cells cultured with Ca2+-depleted media. DDR2-carrying D234A mutation at the conserved Ca2+-binding site expressed the 110 kDa form dominantly even in normal culture condition. DDR2 becomes 100 kDa form in glucose-depleted culture condition and its molecular weight increases up to 130 kDa with re-feeding glucose. However, in the mutant DDR2, the increase came to a halt at 110 kDa. The 110 kDa form had premature N-glycosyl carbohydrates and located predominantly within the endoplasmic reticulum. These results suggest that DDRs require Ca2+-binding to complete their N-glycan processing and generate the form targeted to cell membrane.
Explicit modeling of ancestry improves polygenic risk scores and BLUP prediction
Authors: Chen Chia-Yen , Han Jiali , Hunter David J. , Kraft Peter , Price Alkes L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPolygenic prediction using genome-wide SNPs can provide high prediction accuracy for complex traits. Here, we investigate the question of how to account for genetic ancestry when conducting polygenic prediction. We show that the accuracy of polygenic prediction in structured populations may be partly due to genetic ancestry. However, we hypothesized that explicitly modeling ancestry could improve polygenic prediction accuracy. We analyzed three GWAS of hair color, tanning ability and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in European Americans (sample size from 7,440 to 9,822) and considered two widely used polygenic prediction approaches: polygenic risk scores (PRS) and Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP). We compared polygenic prediction without correction for ancestry to polygenic prediction with ancestry as a separate component in the model. In 10-fold cross-validation using the PRS approach, the R2for hair color increased by 66% (0.0456 to 0.0755; p<10−16), the R2for tanning ability increased by % (0.0154 to 0.0344; p<10−16) and the liability-scale R2for BCC increased by 68% (0.0138 to 0.0232; p<10−16) when explicitly modeling ancestry, which prevents ancestry effects from entering into each SNP effect and being over-weighted. Surprisingly, explicitly modeling ancestry produces a similar improvement when using the BLUP approach, which fits all SNPs simultaneously in a single variance component and causes ancestry to be under-weighted. We validate our findings via simulations, which show that the differences in prediction accuracy will increase in magnitude as sample sizes increase. In summary, our results show that explicitly modeling ancestry can be important in both PRS and BLUP prediction.
Lee Silverman Voice Treatment for people with Parkinson's: audit of outcomes in a routine clinic
Authors: Wight Sheila , Miller Nick 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundSpeaking louder/more intensely represents a longstanding technique employed to manage voice and intelligibility changes in people with Parkinson's. This technique has been formalized into a treatment approach and marketed as the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT®) programme. Evidence for its efficacy has been published. Studies to date are dominated by research facility reports from the original LSVT® group or closely associated groups. Evidence for the efficacy of LSVT® in routine clinical settings is lacking.Methods & ProceduresWe conducted an audit of outcomes for consecutive people with Parkinson's who were offered and completed LSVT® in a routine hospital outpatient setting. In‐ and exclusion criteria, assessment and treatment protocols followed precisely the methods stipulated by LSVT® Global. Additionally, participants completed the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and 23 carers completed a visual analogue scale (VAS) for items relating to functional outcomes.Outcomes & ResultsGroup data (n = 33) revealed statistically significant increases in all objective and subjective measures at the end of treatment, though outcomes on the different measures revealed variable individual responses. Mean intensity increases on prolonged vowel were 9.3 dB post‐treatment. Significant gains of mean 7.5 and 6.8 dB were maintained at 12 (n = 25) and 24 months (n = 15) respectively for those available for follow‐up. Significant intensity gains occurred for reading post‐therapy (mean = 8.5 dB), but changes reverted to statistically non‐significant at 12 and 24 months. Intensity increase (mean = 8.5 dB) was significant for monologues post‐therapy, but not at 12 and 24 months. Median VHI improvement was statistically significant post‐therapy and at 12 months, but not at 24 months. Carer VAS ratings all improved significantly post‐therapy; at 12 months only perceived loudness, strain, mumbling and intelligibility remained statistically significantly above baseline. No significant gains persisted to 24 months.Conclusions & ImplicationsLSVT® was successful for most individuals in this study. Not all patients attained significant changes by the end of treatment. Few patients who achieved significant gain at the end of treatment maintained this at 12 or 24 months. Implications for maintenance, interpretation of results in a degenerative condition and implications for further research are discussed.
Serving the army as secretaries: intersectionality, multi‐level contract and subjective experience of citizenship
Authors: Lomsky‐Feder Edna , Sasson‐Levy Orna 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWith the growing elusiveness of the state apparatus in late modernity, military service is one of the last institutions to be clearly identified with the state, its ideologies and its policies. Therefore, negotiations between the military and its recruits produce acting subjects of citizenship with long‐lasting consequences. Arguing that these negotiations are regulated by multi‐level (civic, group, and individual) contracts, we explore the various meanings that these contracts obtain at the intersectionality of gender, class, and ethnicity; and examine how they shape the subjective experience of soldierhood and citizenship. More particularly, we analyse the meaning of military service in the retrospective life stories of Israeli Jewish women from various ethno‐class backgrounds who served as army secretaries – a low‐status, feminine gender‐typed occupation within a hyper‐masculine organization. Findings reveal that for women of the lower class, the organizing cultural schema of the multi‐level contract is that of achieving respectability through military service, which means being included in the national collective. Conversely, for middle‐class women, it is the sense of entitlement that shapes their contract with the military, which they expect to signify and maintain their privileged status. Thus, while for the lower class, the multi‐level contract is about inclusion within the boundaries of the national collective, for the dominant groups, this contract is about reproducing social class hierarchies within national boundaries.
Effects of Rigor Status during High‐Pressure Processing on the Physical Qualities of Farm‐Raised Abalone (Haliotis rufescens)
Authors: Hughes Brianna H. , Greenberg Neil J. , Yang Tom C. , Skonberg Denise I. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHigh‐pressure processing (HPP) is used to increase meat safety and shelf‐life, with conflicting quality effects depending on rigor status during HPP. In the seafood industry, HPP is used to shuck and pasteurize oysters, but its use on abalones has only been minimally evaluated and the effect of rigor status during HPP on abalone quality has not been reported. Farm‐raised abalones (Haliotis rufescens) were divided into 12 HPP treatments and 1 unprocessed control treatment. Treatments were processed pre‐rigor or post‐rigor at 2 pressures (100 and 300 MPa) and 3 processing times (1, 3, and 5 min). The control was analyzed post‐rigor. Uniform plugs were cut from adductor and foot meat for texture profile analysis, shear force, and color analysis. Subsamples were used for scanning electron microscopy of muscle ultrastructure. Texture profile analysis revealed that post‐rigor processed abalone was significantly (P < 0.05) less firm and chewy than pre‐rigor processed irrespective of muscle type, processing time, or pressure. L values increased with pressure to 68.9 at 300 MPa for pre‐rigor processed foot, 73.8 for post‐rigor processed foot, 90.9 for pre‐rigor processed adductor, and 89.0 for post‐rigor processed adductor. Scanning electron microscopy images showed fraying of collagen fibers in processed adductor, but did not show pressure‐induced compaction of the foot myofibrils. Post‐rigor processed abalone meat was more tender than pre‐rigor processed meat, and post‐rigor processed foot meat was lighter in color than pre‐rigor processed foot meat, suggesting that waiting for rigor to resolve prior to processing abalones may improve consumer perceptions of quality and market value.
Benefits and drawbacks of computer‐based assessment and feedback systems: Student and educator perspectives
Authors: Debuse Justin C. W. , Lawley Meredith 
Published: December 2014

AbstractProviding students with high quality feedback is important and can be achieved using computer‐based systems. While student and educator perspectives of such systems have been investigated, a comprehensive multidisciplinary study has not yet been undertaken. This study examines student and educator perspectives of a computer‐based assessment and feedback system at undergraduate and postgraduate levels across a range of disciplines, course sizes and educator experience levels. The results suggest that students and educators may enjoy quality, efficiency and quantity benefits from such an approach, without the drawbacks of low personalisation and specificity identified within the literature. Time and effort are, however, required by educators for training and installation. Thus, workload and training allowances are recommended for practitioners, particularly for large courses where group assignments require highly personalised feedback.
FRAGMENTA BRITANNICA IV. NAUKRATIS, CYRENAICA AND LYDIA
Authors: JOHNSTON ALAN 
Published: December 2014

AbstractI present here some further pottery sherds in the British Museum, from Cyrenaica and, it is argued, Naukratis. Two are stamped amphora handles of a type that points to a Cyrenaic origin and a stamp which I interpret as being of the polis of Barke. A few other pieces are known from Lissus, Antikythera and Alexandria. Other sherds from Naukratis contribute to the discussion of Lydian presence or influence at the port; two joining sherds of a kernos are of particular note in being very probably a dedication by a person who calls himself, in Greek, a Lydian.
Bleeding on Probing as it relates to smoking status in patients enrolled in supportive periodontal therapy for at least 5 years
Authors: Ramseier Christoph A. , Mirra Damiano , Schütz Christian , Sculean Anton , Lang Niklaus P. , Walter Clemens , Salvi Giovanni E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimTo relate the mean percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) to smoking status in patients enrolled in supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).Materials and MethodsRetrospective data on BOP from 8′741 SPT visits were related to smoking status among categories of both periodontal disease severity and progression (instability) in patients undergoing dental hygiene treatment at the Medi School of Dental Hygiene (MSDH), Bern, Switzerland 1985–2011.ResultsA total of 445 patients were identified with 27.2% (n = 121) being smokers, 27.6% (n = 123) former smokers and 45.2% (n = 201) non‐smokers. Mean BOP statistically significantly increased with disease severity (p = 0.0001) and periodontal instability (p = 0.0115) irrespective of the smoking status. Periodontally stable smokers (n = 30) categorized with advanced periodontal disease demonstrated a mean BOP of 16.2% compared to unstable smokers (n = 15) with a mean BOP of 22.4% (p = 0.0291). Assessments of BOP in relation to the percentage of sites with periodontal probing depths (PPD) ≥4 mm at patient‐level yielded a statistically significantly decreased proportion of BOP in smokers compared to non‐smokers and former smokers (p = 0.0137).ConclusionsIrrespective of the smoking status, increased mean BOP in SPT patients relates to disease severity and periodontal instability while smokers demonstrate lower mean BOP concomitantly with an increased prevalence of residual PPDs.
Sexual Dysfunction Among Reproductive-Aged Chinese Married Women in Hong Kong: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Associated Consequences
Authors: Zhang Huiping , Fan Susan , Yip Paul S.F. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a serious public health issue endangering women's well-being, systematic research on FSD among reproductive-aged Chinese women in Hong Kong is quite scarce.

Aim
This study aims to estimate the prevalence, risk factors, and associated consequences of FSD among reproductive-aged Chinese married women in Hong Kong.

Methods
This study was based on a community-based survey across Hong Kong conducted by the Family Planning Association of Hong Kong in 2012 with 1,518 married women aged 21–49 years.

Main Outcome Measure
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition classification was adopted to assess FSD.

Results
It was found that 25.6% of the married women surveyed reported at least one form of sexual dysfunction and that the prevalence of six domains of sexual dysfunction was as follows: 10.6% for lack of interest in sex, 10.5% for not finding sex pleasurable, 9.3% for lubrication difficulties, 8.8% for inability to achieve orgasm, 8.8% for orgasm delay, and 8.4% for physical pain during sex. Multivariate analyses showed that low education and income, average or poor health, lower frequency of sex, abortion history, traditional attitudes toward sex, and marital dissatisfaction are all significant risk factors for different components of FSD. It was also been found that four domains of FSD (the exceptions being orgasm delay and physical pain during sex) have severe consequences for married women's life satisfaction and sexual satisfaction.

Conclusion
The prevalence of FSD is lower among reproductive-aged Chinese married women in Hong Kong than among women in the United States and some Asian countries. The risk factors associated with FSD include sociodemographic factors, physical health, sexual experience and attitudes, and relationship factors. FSD has significant consequences for married women's life quality. These findings have great implications for FSD prevention and relevant service delivery.