bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of OCT parameters with HbA1c level and diabetes duration in early stage of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: OSHITARI T , NONOMURA S , ARAI M , YAMAMOTO S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To investigate the association of the Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD‐OCT, Optovue) parameters with the level of HbA1c and duration of the diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients at the early stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods Thirty eyes of 30 patients with minimal DR (non‐DR or mild NPDR) that were examined at the Chiba University Hospital from December 2011 to March 2012 were studied. The participants had no other ocular diseases and no history of surgeries. Three parameters embedded in the Optovue, the macular mapping 5 (MM5), RNFL, and ganglion cell complex (GCC), were performed, and the coefficients of correlation between these parameters and the HbA1c and the DM duration were analyzed with the Spearman rank correlation. A P<0.05 was considered significant.Results All of the GCC parameters and RNFL parameters were not significantly correlated with both the HbA1c and the DM duration. The thickness of the outer‐inferior area (mean=275.9±18.1µm) was significantly correlated with the HbA1c (P=0.046, Rs=0.371). The outer‐superior area (mean=276.0±17.7µm) and the outer‐temporal area (means=277.9±14.6µm) were significant correlation with the DM duration (P=0.015, Rs=0.468; P=0.022, Rs=0.439, respectively).Conclusion The significant positive‐correlation between the retinal thickness of the outer area of the MM5 sector and HbA1c and DM duration may be due to a subclinical increase of vascular permeability. It might also be due to Müller cell swelling because Müller cell density is known to be higher in the outer area than the center area.
New diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in acute and chronic central serous corioretinopathy
Authors: FRUSCHELLI M , DENARO R , ESPOSTI G , FREZZOTTI P , TORCHIA R , ESPOSTI PL 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a disease in which a serous detachment of the neurosensory retina occurs over an area of leakage from the choriocapillaris through the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). CSCR can be acute or chronic. Classic image studies for CSCR are Fluorescine Angiography (FA) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).No medical therapy is currently indicated for CSCR despite a range of potential medical treatments evaluated in many case reports. Argon laser photocoagulation can be considered only with a single leak located more than 300 µm from the center of the fovea. Autofluorescence (AF) with ultra‐widefield scanning laser and Subthreshold Micropulse (SDM) photostimulation with true yellow 577nm diode laser are the newer diagnostic and therapeutic options.Methods AF with ultra‐widefield scanning laser (Daytona™, Optos plc UK) was performed in fifteen patients affected by acute and chronic CSCR. All the areas of serous retinal detachment visible at AF as hyperfluorescence were treated with SDM photostimulation (IQ 577™ true yellow laser, Iridex CA). Controls were made at 15 days, 1 and three months after the treatment.Results Ultra‐widefield AF allowed to identify several zones of serous detachment not detected with FA and out of range of OCT scans. In most of cases we obtained the complete resolution of serous detachment and visual acuity improvement. Gain in visual acuity was better in acute cases of CSCR.Conclusion Ultra‐widefield AF followed by SDM photostimulation can be an effective diagnostic and therapeutic option for patients with acute and chronic CSCR.
Leopard‐spot pattern of yellow‐orange subretinal deposits in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: DE ZAEYTIJD J , SCHELFHOUT V , LEROY BP 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is characterized by a serous detachment of the neurosensory retina caused by focal or diffuse dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium. A patient with a leopard‐spot pattern of yellow‐orange subretinal deposits as a rare dramatic form of CSC is described.Methods A 65 year‐old man with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure noticed a poor visual acuity after waking up from a coma elicited by an acute exacerbation of COPD and need for ventilation treatment. He underwent a full ophthalmic exam and extensive imaging including fluorescein‐angiography, OCT and the use of infrared and auto‐fluorescent light.Results In the ocular history there was prior cataract surgery because of severe subcapsular posterior cataract in both eyes. Visual acuity (VA) was reduced to counting fingers in the right eye and perception of light in the left eye. Fundoscopy showed a leopard‐spot pattern of yellow‐orange subretinal deposits in the posterior pole more pronounced in the right eye compared to the left. On FFA, the deposits were hypofluorescent with additional multiple pinpoint areas of hyperfluorescence spread over the posterior pole. Spectral OCT demonstrated a shallow detachment of the neurosensory retina with extensive intraretinal fluid and alternating atrophic areas and deposits at the level of the RPE which corresponded with hypo‐ and hyperfluorescent areas with autofluorescent light.Conclusion Coarsely mottled or leopard‐spot hyperpigmentation and secondary retinal detachment may develop as a rare dramatic complication in patients with CSC.
Effect of intravitreal bevacizumab for chronic, recurrent, or atypical central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: SONG JH , CHUNG YR , KIM MH , LEW HM 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) for the treatment of chronic, recurrent, or atypical central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).Methods Forty‐nine eyes of 49 patients who were diagnosed with chronic, recurrent, or atypcial CSC and treated with intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg/0.05 ml bevacizumab, were included for this retrospective study. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were analyzed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after initial IVB.Results Patients received the mean of 2.16±1.34 IVB during the mean follow‐up period of 11.8±7.4 months, and 20.4% of patients had recurrent episode after initial resolution of subretinal fluid in this period. The mean baseline BCVA was 0.27±0.26 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution, and the mean baseline CMT was 353 ± 129 um. BCVA was significantly improved to 0.16 ± 0.18 (P = 0.005) and 0.14 ± 0.12 (P = 0.000) at 3 and 6 months, respectively. However, the improvement of BCVA was not significant at 9 months and 12 months. CMT was significantly reduced throughout the follow‐up period and 216±101 um (P = 0.008) at 12 months.Conclusion Intravitreal bevacizumab injection may be an effective treatment option for patients with chronic, recurrent, or atypical CSC. Further prospective, long‐term studies are warranted.
Choroidal thickness in eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane
Authors: ZABADANI K , ASCASO FJ , PADGETT E , HERRERA L , MATEO J , CRISTOBAL JA 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To compare the choroidal thickness in the macular area in eyes with an idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) with that of unaffected fellow eyes and eyes of healthy controls.Methods Enhanced depth imaging (EDI) was obtained by spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) (Spectralis, Heidelberg‐Engineering,Germany) in 66 eyes of 50 patients (73.91 ± 11.1 years) with ERM and 96 eyes of 96 healthy controls (74.04 ± 8.5 years). Eyes were divided into 3 groups: 66 eyes in group A (affected eyes with ERM), 36 eyes in group B (unaffected fellow eyes), and 96 eyes in group C (right eyes of age‐matched controls). Choroidal thickness was measured from the posterior edge of the retinal pigment epithelium to the choroid‐scleral junction in the subfoveal area (SCT) and 1 mm away from the fovea in the nasal (NCT) and temporal (TCT) regions. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare mean choroidal thicknesses.Results In the ERM group the mean choroidal thicknesses were 241.1± 98.1 µm at the fovea (SCT), 225.7 ± 88.7 µm nasally (NCT), and 232.6 ± 85.6 µm temporally (TCT). In the unafected fellow eyes these measurements were 216.4 ± 72 µm, 213.3± 73.7 µm, and 214.8 ± 71 µm, respectively. Finally, the control group showed the following values: 234.9 ± 100.4 µm, 224.7± 96.4 µm, and 233.0 ± 95.5 µm, respectively. Choroidal thickness did not show any statistically significant differences among the three groups of eyes when age was counted as a confounding variable (p>0.05, ANOVA test).Conclusion No relationship between the presence of an ERM and changes in choroidal thickness was found. Epiretinal membrane is a disease caused by changes in the vitreous humor. Choroid does not seem to participate in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Variation of online Amsler grid from mobile apps, YouTube and Google
Authors: LUK S , CHEN K , DAVIES N 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To analyse and evaluate the dimensions and instructions of Amsler grid from three sources: Mobile Phone Apps, YouTube and Google.Methods Searches were performed for Amsler grid in the three areas. Mobile Apps were viewed on a smartphone with 8.9 cm screen. Grids were measured on a 33.7cm computer screen with 1368 x768 resolution. Grids were assessed for number of squares, size, viewing distance and instructions on use. Calculation of subtended visual angle was made where possible.Results 10 apps and 7 videos were identified. Over 2 million Amsler grids were found from Google and the first 100 grids were chosen. Black grid on white background design was used in 72%, 11% with white‐on‐black and other formats in 17%. Instructions about monocular testing, distortion and scotoma detection were described in 96%, 97% and 89% respectively. Frequency of testing was only stated in 24%, of which most advised between daily to weekly (75%) and up to monthly (1%). 66% of the grids were presented as 20x20, range from 8x8 to 30x30. Viewing distance was specified in 51%, range 30–40cm. The average calculated retina projection was 12.3° (range 6.8° to 21.4°). Only two grids would project to 20°of the macula. Google and YouTube are freely available and Mobile Apps can cost up to £28.99. Most of the sources are produced by ophthalmologist practices (39%) followed by Optometrist related groups (16%).Conclusion Video‐sharing media and Internet may be an effective way to disseminate the test for patients. Our study show there is wide variation in the charts that are available which may affect the result of self monitoring tool.
The socio‐economic status of young adults with type 1 diabetes since childhood
Authors: HANNULA V , HAUTALA N , FALCK A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the socio‐economic status of young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) since childhood with particular interest in its relation to the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods During 1989‐90 the prevalence of DR was evaluated in a population‐based cohort of 5‐16‐year‐old children with T1D living in the catch‐area of the Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District, Finland. These 216 individuals were contacted 18 years later and evaluated for retinopathy as well as asked to fill out a socio‐economic status questionnaire.Results 136 subjects (78 men) aged 30±3 years with median T1D duration of 23 years took part in the study. Proliferative DR (PDR) was diagnosed in 42 (31%) their mean age being 31±3 years. 97 (71%) were married, 31 (23%) single and 8 (6%) divorced. 61 subjects (45%) had a total of 123 children. A university degree was held by 12 (9%), that from a university of applied sciences by 45 (33%), 61 (45%) had finished vocational school, 10 (7%) were full‐time students while 6 (4%) had received no education after comprehensive school. A full‐time job was held by 66 subjects (72%) with no or non‐PDR and 24 (57%) with PDR; 4 (4%) vs. 6 (14%) subjects were unemployed, respectively (p=0.071), and none vs. 5 (12%) were on pension, respectively. The patients with PDR were more likely to be outside working life (p=<0.001), but equally likely to have a spouse (p=0.683) and children (p=0.457).Conclusion The majority of young adults with T1D have an active role in the society with work or study, spouse, and raising children. A third of the patients had PDR, and although they had similar educational level and families, they were more likely not to be taking part in working life than those with less severe DR.
Differential diagnostic of eye morphometric parameters in patients with refractive and axial myopia
Authors: BUSHUYEVA NN , MALIIVA EV 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Many authors have shown that myopia is associated with changes in the anatomical parameters of the eye. The aim: To study morphometric parameters in patients with refractive and axial myopiaMethods The observation involved 264 patients (502 eyes) with varying degrees of myopia (myopic refraction of ‐2.75 diopters), age ‐ 18.41 year. Patients were divided by type of myopia: refractive (RM) ‐ 133 eyes, axial ‐ 217 eyes, mixed (SM) ‐ 91 eyes, and combined ‐ 61 eyes. Methods: visometry for distance, keratometry and refractometry after cycloplegia with cyclomed 1% with Accuref‐K 9001, Shin Nippon, the definition of the horizontal pupil diameter by keratotopograf PCT‐110, Optopol and horizontal corneal diameter by KR‐8900 Topcon and HRK‐7000 Huvitz.Results Results Analysis of the data showed that the axial myopia has significantly larger average diameter , the radius and refraction of cornea, pupil diameter , length of the vitreous humor, axis length of the eye and the degree of myopia, compared with refractive myopia. Significantly higher mean values of intraocular pressure and the width of the anterior chamber angle were established in refractive myopia in comparison with axial myopia (p <0,01). Values of anterior chamber depth and lens thickness between patients with axial and refractive myopia showed no significant differences (p> 0,1).Conclusion Obtained results showed that morphometric parameters of the eye, intraocular pressure in patients with axial and refractive myopia have practical value for early detection and prediction of the development and progression of myopia in patients with myopia
Epidemiology of patients undergoing strabismus surgery at adult age: Retrospective study of 221 patients
Authors: PROMELLE V , BREMOND‐GIGNAC D , MILAZZO S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The strabismus in adult patients could be either the persistence of misalignment since the infancy before the age of visual maturation, or as a consequence of neurological, traumatic or orbital pathology. The aim of this study is to characterize the patients population undergoing strabismus surgery at adult age.Methods In this retrospective and monocentric study were reviewed 221 patients aged of 18 years and above ; the time frame was 3 years. For each patient we analyzed different parameters : age, sex, the treated deviation, the performed surgery, the etiology of the deviation and the presence of diplopia or amblyopia.Results Our patients, aged of 18 to 82 years, reported an onset of strabismus during childhood in 62% (50% with no previous surgical treatment, 20% with a recurrence of already treated strabismus and 30% with a consecutive deviation); 75% of them suffered of amblyopia. The cause of strabismus in 32% of our patients was a secondary deviation due to cranial nerve palsy (55%), traumatism (30%) or orbital pathology (20%). Exotropia was more frequent in our population than esotropia (40% versus 30%). Diplopia was reported in 12% of the patients. The surgery was performed on one eye in 90% and the most frequent operation was on horizontal rectus muscles (64%).Conclusion Adult patients are most frequently suffering of infancy strabismus. When the strabismus onsets at adult age, the most common causes were paralytic strabismus followed by traumatic strabismus. Exotropia was the most prevalent deviation. Surgery could be a simple monocular intervention on rectus muscles or more complex in some cases. The adult patients undergoing strabismus surgery represent a heterogeneous population.
Screening of visual disorders among high school students without expressed complaint
Authors: KOVARSKI C , CARLU C , PORTALIER S , FAUCHER C , DUFIER JL , ROCHE O , ORSSAUD C 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Many students understate their visual discomfort, although it may have an educational impact. We studied the prevalence of visual disorders among students without self‐reported complaints.Methods Four hundred students between 15 and 22 years of age responded to a questionnaire followed by a visual screening (refraction and binocular vision) in order to detect any visual discomfort that they might be unaware of. When visual problems were detected, the participants were suggested to have an ophthalmology and orthoptic assessment.Results Visual disorders were found in 346 students. Thirty‐two percent of them agreed to have an ophthalmology and orthoptic assessment. Best‐corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in more than 95% of them. Nearly 60% were hyperopes, from which more than two thirds required an optical correction. Over or under‐corrected myopia and uncorrected astigmatism were uncommon. Convergence insufficiency was found in 80%, and only a few ophthalmologic pathologies were diagnosed.Conclusion Many students have vision problems to which they are accustomed. It was rare to find underlying ophthalmologic pathologies (strabismus, nystagmus, ...). In most cases, these functional symptoms are due to under‐corrected hyperopia, possibly associated with convergence insufficiency. As visual demand is lower during primary education, some visual discomfort may only become symptomatic during the following years. However, the nature of these disorders suggests that they may interfere with education. We are now investigating the prevalence of learning difficulties among these participants, and whether there is an improvement after intervention.
A case of cortical blindness due to cerebral isquemia during OPCAB surgery and later recovery
Authors: GUTIéRREZ BONET R , QUIJADA ANGELI S , SANTOS VICENTE E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To describe a case of cortical blindness caused by hypoxia during a bilateral lung transplant in a 19‐year‐old patient affected with cystic fibrosis and later recovery.Methods 19‐year old male diagnosed with cystic fibrosis is set to be operated of a bilateral lung transplant by OPCAB surgery. After the procedure the patient referred marked visual loss (hand movement). Slit lamp exploration was normal as well as funduscopy, OCT, IOP and pupillary reflexes, finding severe alterations in the visual fields performed.Results The patient was diagnosed with bilateral occipital ischemia confirmed by MRI and caused by cerebral hypoxia during surgery. During the last 4 weeks visual acquity has improved to 0.2 (OD) and 0.4 (OS). Visual field results have also improved. As of today the patient evolution is still being followed.Conclusion The critical importance of reducing as much as possible the time of surgery when OPCAB techniques are performed and the possibility of clinical improvement patients may show after cortical isquemia.
Presumed eosinophilic granuloma of the orbital roof in an adult man
Authors: BLASETTI F , MAIORE I , BRUNDU E , PINNA A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To report on an unusual case of presumed adult‐onset eosinophilic granuloma of the orbital roof, which showed spontaneous resolution.Methods Descriptive review of the clinical records of one patient.Results A 42‐year‐old man presented with a 3‐month history of relapsing edema in his right upper eyelid. Visual acuity was 20/20 bilaterally. Apart from the detection of a group of dilated vessels in the right lower bulbar conjunctiva, both eyes were unremarkable. There was no proptosis and ocular motility was normal. CT and gadolinium‐enhanced MRI head scans disclosed a 15 mm solid mass in the right anterior cranial fossa, which had eroded the orbital roof, penetrated into the orbit, and caused mild displacement of the levator palpebrae and superior rectus muscles. An initial diagnosis of intradiploic meningioma of the orbital roof was made. Total resection of the lesion was planned and the patient was put in the waiting list for neurosurgery. One year later, preoperative MRI head scans disclosed a significant regression of the lesion; consequently, neurosurgery was postponed. Six months later, MRI scans showed complete disappearance of the solid mass and full reossification of the orbital roof. A presumptive, final diagnosis of solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the orbital roof was made. He was cancelled from the waiting list for neurosurgery and MRI at 6‐month intervals has been scheduled.Conclusion Persistent upper eyelid edema may be the presenting sign of an osteolytic intracranial mass eroding the orbital roof and extending into the orbit. Radiological differential diagnosis may be difficult; in this report, the detection of an osteolytic lesion and its subsequent spontaneous resolution are suggestive of an adult‐onset eosinophilic granuloma.
Augmented dried versus cryopreserved amniotic membrane as an ocular surface dressing
Authors: ALLEN C , CLARE G , STEWART E , BRANCH M , MCINTOSH O , VERMA M , DUA HS , HOPKINSON A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Dried amniotic membrane (AM) can be a useful therapeutic adjunct in ophthalmic surgery and possesses logistical advantages over cryopreserved AM. Differences in preservation can significantly influence the bio‐ chemical and physical properties of AM, affecting clinical efficacy. This study investigates a novel drying technique and the biochemical and structural effects on AM and following pre‐treatment of AM with novel lyoprotectants.Methods AM was cryopreserved (CPAM) or dried (DAM) with and without pre‐treatment with lyoprotectants. Structural and visual comparisons were assessed using electron microscopy. Localisation, expression and release of AM biological factors were determined using immunofluorescence and immunoassays. The biocompatibility of AM preparations co‐cultured with primary corneal epithelial cell (CEC) or keratocyte monolayers were assessed using standard cellular health assays.Results Drying devitalised AM epithelium, but less so than cryopreservation, and cellular damage was reduced in DAM pre‐treated with lyoprotectant. DAM alone, and pre‐treated with lyoprotectant showed greater factor retention efficiencies and bioavailability compared to CPAM. In addition cellular health assays showed that DAM alone and pre‐treated with lyoprotectant are compatible and superior substrates compared to CPAM for CEC expansion, with increased proliferation and reduced cytotoxicity profiles. This was supported by improved wound healing in CEC co‐cultured with DAM and pre‐treated DAM, compared to CPAM.Conclusion Our modified preservation process and our resultant optimised DAM has enhanced structural properties and biochemical stability and is a superior substrate to conventional CPAM.