bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hip fracture has profound psychosocial impacts: a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Taylor Nicholas F , Rimayanti Made U , Peiris Casey L , Snowdon David A , Harding Katherine E , Semciw Adam I , O’Halloran Paul D , Wintle Elizabeth , Williams Scott , Shields Nora 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Hip fracture is a common and serious traumatic injury for older adults characterised by poor outcomes.

Objective
This systematic review aimed to synthesise qualitative evidence about the psychosocial impact of hip fracture on the people who sustain these injuries.

Methods
Five databases were searched for qualitative studies reporting on the psychosocial impact of hip fracture, supplemented by reference list checking and citation tracking. Data were synthesised inductively and confidence in findings reported using the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research approach, taking account of methodological quality, coherence, relevance and adequacy.

Results
Fifty-seven studies were included. Data were collected during the peri-operative period to &gt;12 months post fracture from 919 participants with hip fracture (median age &gt; 70 years in all but 3 studies), 130 carers and 297 clinicians. Hip fracture is a life altering event characterised by a sense of loss, prolonged negative emotions and fear of the future, exacerbated by negative attitudes of family, friends and clinicians. For some people after hip fracture there is, with time, acceptance of a new reality of not being able to do all the things they used to do. There was moderate to high confidence in these findings.

Conclusions
Hip fracture is a life altering event. Many people experience profound and prolonged psychosocial distress following a hip fracture, within a context of negative societal attitudes. Assessment and management of psychosocial distress during rehabilitation may improve outcomes for people after hip fracture.
Multi-Omic Graph Diagnosis (MOGDx): a data integration tool to perform classification tasks for heterogeneous diseases
Authors: Ryan Barry , Marioni Riccardo E , Simpson T Ian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMotivationHeterogeneity in human diseases presents challenges in diagnosis and treatments due to the broad range of manifestations and symptoms. With the rapid development of labelled multi-omic data, integrative machine learning methods have achieved breakthroughs in treatments by redefining these diseases at a more granular level. These approaches often have limitations in scalability, oversimplification, and handling of missing data.ResultsIn this study, we introduce Multi-Omic Graph Diagnosis (MOGDx), a flexible command line tool for the integration of multi-omic data to perform classification tasks for heterogeneous diseases. MOGDx has a network taxonomy. It fuses patient similarity networks, augments this integrated network with a reduced vector representation of genomic data and performs classification using a graph convolutional network. MOGDx was evaluated on three datasets from the cancer genome atlas for breast invasive carcinoma, kidney cancer, and low grade glioma. MOGDx demonstrated state-of-the-art performance and an ability to identify relevant multi-omic markers in each task. It integrated more genomic measures with greater patient coverage compared to other network integrative methods. Overall, MOGDx is a promising tool for integrating multi-omic data, classifying heterogeneous diseases, and aiding interpretation of genomic marker data.Availability and implementationMOGDx source code is available from https://github.com/biomedicalinformaticsgroup/MOGDx.
Comparison of adaptive imaging receiver coil and traditional coil for multiplexed sensitivity encoding diffusion-weighted imaging of the liver
Authors: Peng Lingrong , Chen Qilong , Meng Zhanao , Zhang Yao , Wang Jin , Wen Huiquan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the image quality and efficacy of the adaptive imaging receiver (AIR) coil (GE Healthcare) and the traditional coil for multiplexed sensitivity encoding diffusion-weighted imaging (MUSE-DWI) in the detection of focal liver lesions (FLLs).

Methods
Two groups of MUSE-DWI were obtained. Image quality was qualitatively evaluated by 3 independent blinded radiologists on a 5-point scale, and quantitative parameters were calculated by measurements of the region of interest in the liver and FLLs. McNemar’s test were used to compare the characteristics and detectability.

Results
Less image noise, sharper contours, milder susceptibility artefacts, and better liver lesion conspicuity were found by all radiologists in 60 livers with 140 FLLs with the AIR coil than with the traditional coil (reader average mean, 4.3-4.4 vs. 3.7-4.0, P &lt; .001). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the liver was significantly higher with the AIR coil than with the traditional coil (right lobe: mean, 8.89 vs.7.76, P &lt; .05; left lobe: mean, 7.14 vs.6.19, P &lt; .001), and the SNR of FLLs (mean, 24.62 vs. 21.01, P &lt; .001) and lesion-to-liver CNR (mean, 16.61 vs. 14.02, P &lt; .001) exhibited significant differences between the AIR coil and the traditional coil. Besides, superior detection of FLLs was observed with the AIR coil compared to the traditional coil (95.7% [134/140] vs. 85.7% [120/140], P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The AIR coil yields less noise, fewer distortions, better lesion detectability, higher SNR of the liver and FLLs, and improved lesion-to-liver CNR during liver MUSE-DWI. Thus, it is a feasible and effective scanning scheme in liver MRI.

Advances in knowledge
The AIR coil improves SNR and the quality of liver MR imaging compared with the traditional coil.
Multi-peptide characterization of plasma neurofilament light chain in preclinical and mild Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Coulton John B , He Yingxin , Barthélemy Nicolas R , Jiang Hong , Holtzman David M , Bateman Randall J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Although neurofilament light chain is a well-known marker of neuronal damage, its characterization at the proteoform level is underdeveloped. Here, we describe a new method to profile and quantify neurofilament light chain in plasma at the peptide level, using three in-house monoclonal antibodies targeting distinct protein domains and nano–liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. This study profiled and compared plasma neurofilament light chain to CSF in 102 older individuals (73.9 ± 6.3 years old), 37 of which had a clinical dementia rating greater than 0. We observed elevated neurofilament light chain in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease plasma for two measures (NfL101 and NfL324) and CSF for seven measures (NfL92, NfL101, NfL117, NfL137, NfL148, NfL165 and NfL530). We found five plasma peptides (NfL92, NfL101, NfL117, NfL324 and NfL530) significantly associated with age and two (NfL148 and NfL324) with body mass index.
Location-specific prognostic significance of plaque burden, stenosis, and plaque morphology in coronary artery disease
Authors: Jukema Ruurt A , Maaniitty Teemu , Nurmohamed Nick S , Raijmakers Pieter G , Planken R Nils , Twisk Jos , van der Harst Pim , Cramer Maarten J , Min James K , Earls James P , Knaapen Paul , Saraste Antti , Knuuti Juhani , Danad Ibrahim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the location-specific prognostic significance of plaque burden, diameter stenosis, and plaque morphology.

Methods and results
Patients without a documented cardiac history that underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for suspected coronary artery disease were included. Percentage atheroma volume (PAV), maximum diameter stenosis, and plaque morphology were assessed and classified into proximal, mid, or distal segments of the coronary tree. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as death or non-fatal myocardial infarction. Among 2819 patients 267 events (9.5%) occurred during a median follow-up of 6.9 years. When adjusted for traditional risk factors and the presence of PAV in other locations, only proximal PAV was independently associated with MACE. However, PAV of the proximal segments was strongly correlated to PAV localized at the mid (R = 0.76) and distal segments (R = 0.74, P &lt; 0.01 for both). When only adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, the area under the curve (AUC) to predict MACE for proximal PAV was 0.73 (95% CI 0.69–0.76), which was similar compared with mid PAV (AUC 0.72, 95% CI 0.68–0.76) and distal PAV (AUC 0.72, 95% CI 0.68–0.76). Similar results were obtained using diameter stenosis instead of PAV. The presence of proximal low-attenuation plaque had borderline additional prognostic value.

Conclusion
Proximal PAV was the strongest predictor of MACE when adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors and plaque at other locations. However, when the presence of plaque was only adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, proximal, mid, and distal plaque localization showed a similar predictive ability for MACE.
A rare giant atrial septal cardiac blood cyst in an adult: a case report
Authors: Ong Wei Sheng Jonathan , Keh Yann Shan , Lai Siang Hui , Chang Huan Ying , Amanullah Mohammed Rizwan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Cardiac blood cysts are exceedingly rare cardiac tumours usually found on cardiac valves in infants. We report and discuss a rare unique case wherein a giant atrial septal cardiac blood cyst was found in an adult.

Case summary
A 59-year-old Chinese lady with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and transient ischaemic attack presented with atypical chest pain. Her ECG suggested right ventricular strain. Echocardiography revealed a large right atrial intracardiac mass attached to the interatrial septum which prolapsed into the right ventricle during each cardiac cycle with associated dilatation of the right atrium and right ventricle. Computed tomography scans showed no evidence of malignancy or metastasis. Considering our patient’s profile and the characteristics of the mass, it was opined to likely be a cardiac myxoma. After consultation with our cardiothoracic surgeons, she underwent surgical resection of the intracardiac mass. Histology revealed that the intracardiac mass was a cardiac blood cyst.

Discussion
First described by Elsasser in 1844, cardiac blood cysts are extremely rare benign cardiac tumours very rarely seen in adults. Though benign, they have been associated with outflow tract obstruction, valvular regurgitation and embolization. Symptomatic patients do well with surgical resection, while long-term outcomes in asymptomatic patients followed up with serial echocardiograms are mixed. Due to its rarity, existing literature is limited to case reports and small case series, with a lack of guidelines on management till recently. Our case report serves to highlight this unique presentation of an exceedingly rare intracardiac tumour.
Quality of life is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with heart failure: a prospective cohort study from the Colombian heart failure registry (RECOLFACA)
Authors: Gómez-Mesa Juan Esteban , Luna-Bonilla Paula , Echeverría Luis Eduardo , Rivera-Toquica Alex , Jurado-Arenales Adriana Milena , Orozco María Johanna , Buitrago-Malaver Lilia Andrea , Rivera Edilma L , González Diana Verónica , Coronado-Villa Estefanny , Toro-Cardona Olga Cristina , López-Montes Cristian Alexander , Vargas-Márquez Ludy Yanet , Martínez-Camargo Silvia , Agudelo-Pérez Adriana , Vivas-Mayor Marcela , Niño Lina María , Mejía-Cadavid Luz Aida , Aponte-Romero Luisa Fernanda , Erazo María José , García-Barrera María , Meza-Roque Julio Armando , Ríos-Sánchez Viviana , Torres-Moreno Fabián , Castañeda-M Jenny , Gallego Cesar A , Martínez Fanny Esther , Blandón-Córdoba Carmen Jineth , Silva-Carmona Mónica , Saldarriaga Clara 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
Patients with heart failure (HF) commonly have poor quality of life (QoL), secondary to the persistence and severity of HF symptoms. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of QoL measures on all-cause mortality in patients with HF from the Colombian registry of heart failure (RECOLFACA).

Methods and results
We analysed data from patients registered in RECOLFACA during 2017–19. QoL was measured using the EuroQol-5D questionnaire (EQ-5D). From the questionnaire, two independent predictors of mortality were obtained, the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the utility score (US). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and secondary variables evaluated were demographic factors, comorbidities, NYHA classification, medications used, and laboratory test results. To analyse survival among patients, the Kaplan–Meier method and the hierarchical Cox proportional hazards regression model were used. This study included 2514 patients from RECOLFACA. Most patients were male (57.6%), and the mean age was 67.8 years. The mean value and standard deviation (SD) of the VAS score was 78.8 ± 20.1 points, while the mean and SD of the US score was 0.81 ± 0.20. As the Kaplan–Meier curve illustrated, patients in the lower quartiles of both VAS and US scores had a significantly higher probability of mortality (log-rank test: P &lt; 0.001 for both scores).

Conclusion
QoL, as calculated by the EQ-5D questionnaire, served as an independent predictor of mortality in patients from RECOLFACA. Further studies may be needed to evaluate whether the provision of optimizing therapies and follow-up care based on patients’ perceived QoL reduces short- and long-term mortality rates in this population.
Adaptive shell-morphological differences and differential fitness in two morphospecies of Lanistes (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) from the northern region of the Malawi Basin
Authors: Van Bocxlaer Bert , Dollion Alexis Y , Ortiz-Sepulveda Claudia M , Calarnou Christophe , Habert Rémi , Pawindo Grant , Vekemans Xavier 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Environment–phenotype correlations are a central pattern of adaptive radiations, but such correlations and the expected associated reciprocal differences in fitness of divergent phenotypes in their respective niches are rarely demonstrated. Ecophenotypic plasticity may result in environment–phenotype correlations too, however, so that certain observed morphological differences, even in adaptive radiations, may result from plasticity instead of differential adaptation. Here, we examine the nature of observed morphological differences in two morphospecies of Lanistes gastropods from the northern region of the Malawi Basin that are part of an ongoing adaptive radiation. We subjected experimental populations of each of these two morphospecies, i.e. L. sp. (solidus-like), which occupies intralacustrine habitats with comparatively stable environmental conditions, and L. sp. (ovum-like), which occurs in satellite waterbodies with fluctuating environmental conditions, to a common garden experiment in the laboratory. Our experimental conditions approximated those of stable, intralacustrine habitats. We monitored fecundity and subjected wild-caught parents and intraspecific F1 offspring to semilandmark geometric morphometrics. L. sp. (solidus-like) exhibited higher fecundity than L. sp. (ovum-like). Whereas wild-caught parents of both morphospecies had similar shell sizes, 9-month-old F1 offspring of L. sp. (solidus-like) were significantly smaller than those of L. sp. (ovum-like), indicating slower growth. Substantial shell-morphological differences were observed between the two morphospecies in the wild-caught parents as well as in F1 offspring, indicating that shell-morphological differences are genetically inherited. Our results also indicate differential fitness but fully reciprocal transplant experiments would be required to demonstrate local adaptation.
Comparative genome analysis and the genome-shaping role of long terminal repeat retrotransposons in the evolutionary divergence of fungal pathogens Blastomyces dermatitidis and Blastomyces gilchristii
Authors: McTaggart Lisa R , Braukmann Thomas W A , Kus Julianne V 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Blastomyces dermatitidis and Blastomyces gilchristii are cryptic species of fungi that cause blastomycosis, an often severe disease involving pulmonary infection capable of systemic dissemination. While these species appear morphologically identical, differences exist in the genetic makeup, geographical range, and possibly the clinical presentation of infection. Here, we show genetic divergence between the cryptic species through both a Blastomyces species tree constructed from orthologous protein sequences and whole genome single-nucleotide variant phylogenomic analysis. Following linked-read sequencing and de novo genome assembly, we characterized and compared the genomes of 3 B. dermatitidis and 3 B. gilchristii isolates. The B. gilchristii genomes (73.25–75.4 Mb) were ∼8 Mb larger than the B. dermatitidis genomes (64.88–66.61 Mb). Average nucleotide identity was lower between genomes of different species than genomes of the same species, yet functional classification of genes suggested similar proteomes. The most striking difference involved long terminal repeat retrotransposons. Although the same retrotransposon elements were detected in the genomes, the quantity of elements differed between the 2 species. Gypsy retrotransposon content was significantly higher in B. gilchristii (38.04–39.26 Mb) than in B. dermatitidis (30.85–32.40 Mb), accounting for the majority of genome size difference between species. Age estimation and phylogenetic analysis of the reverse transcriptase domains suggested that these retrotransposons are relatively ancient, with genome insertion predating the speciation of B. dermatitidis and B. gilchristii. We postulate that different trajectories of genome contraction led to genetic incompatibility, reproductive isolation, and speciation, highlighting the role of transposable elements in fungal evolution.
Routine Hearing Screening for Older Adults in Primary Care: Insights of Patients and Clinic Personnel
Authors: Silberberg Mina , Singh Anisha , Prvu Bettger Janet , Smith Sherri L , Francis Howard W , Dubno Judy R , Schulz Kristine A , Dolor Rowena J , Walker Amy R , Tucci Debara L 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHearing loss frequently goes undiagnosed and untreated, with serious sequelae. Hearing screening facilitates diagnosis and treatment but is not routinely conducted in primary care. This study addresses the attitudes and insights of patients and primary care clinic personnel relative to the routinization of hearing screening in primary care for older adults.Research Design and MethodsData presented are from the qualitative portion of a larger study. The main study compared screening completion for 3 approaches to coordinating telephone-based hearing screening with primary care—1 offering hearing screening within the primary care encounter and 2 providing information for at-home screening ( 1 with and 1 without provider encouragement). Focus groups/interviews were conducted with personnel (n = 38) at the 6 participating clinics, patients who completed screening and were referred for diagnosis (n = 14), and patients who did not complete screening (n = 10). Analysis used the general inductive approach.ResultsMost patients had unaddressed hearing concerns prior to the study. Negative attitudes toward hearing loss/treatment were common, and experiences of family and friends influenced attitudes, but lack of urgency was the primary barrier to screening completion. Respondents favored routine primary care-based hearing screening for older adults, but clinic personnel noted challenges of time, space, workflow, and reimbursement.Discussion and ImplicationsFindings favor greater routinization of hearing screening in primary care. Routinization will be enhanced by improved reimbursement for screening and follow-up; specialist engagement with primary care and the public (including leveraging older adults’ social networks); and further research on specific integration options.
Analytical and numerical models of viscous anisotropy: a toolset to constrain the role of mechanical anisotropy for regional tectonics and fault loading
Authors: Liu Dunyu , Puel Simone , Becker Thorsten W , Moresi Louis 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARY
To what extent mechanical anisotropy is required to explain the dynamics of the lithosphere is an important yet unresolved question. If anisotropy affects stress and deformation, and hence processes such as fault loading, how can we quantify its role from observations? Here, we derive analytical solutions and build a theoretical framework to explore how a shear zone with linear anisotropic viscosity can lead to deviatoric stress heterogeneity, strain-rate enhancement, as well as non-coaxial principal stress and strain rate. We develop an open-source finite-element software based on FEniCS for more complicated scenarios in both 2-D and 3-D. Mechanics of shear zones with transversely isotropic and orthorhombic anisotropy subjected to misoriented shortening and simple shearing are explored. A simple regional example for potential non-coaxiality for the Leech River Schist above the Cascadia subduction zone is presented. Our findings and these tools may help to better understand, detect and evaluate mechanical anisotropy in natural settings, with potential implications including the transfer of lithospheric stress and deformation through fault loading.
Deep learning models for regional phase detection on seismic stations in Northern Europe and the European Arctic
Authors: Myklebust Erik B , Köhler Andreas 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARY
Seismic phase detection and classification using deep learning is so far poorly investigated for regional events since most studies focus on local events and short time windows as the input to the detection models. To evaluate deep learning on regional seismic records, we create a data set of events in Northern Europe and the European Arctic. This data set consists of about 151 000 three component event waveforms and corresponding phase arrival picks at stations in mainland Norway, Finland and Svalbard. We train several state-of-the-art and one newly developed deep learning model on this data set to pick P- and S-wave arrivals. The new method modifies the popular PhaseNet model with new convolutional blocks including transformers. This yields more accurate predictions on the long input time windows associated with regional events. Evaluated on event records not used for training, our new method improves the performance of the current state-of-the-art methods when it comes to recall, precision and pick time residuals. Finally, we test our new model for continuous mode processing on 4 d of single-station data from the ARCES array. Results show that our new method outperforms the existing array detector at ARCES. This opens up new opportunities to improve automatic array processing with deep learning detectors.