bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection After Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Kim Seung-Ju , Postigo Ricardo , Koo Sowon , Kim Jong Hun 
Published: July 2014

Educational objectivesAs a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:1.Identify the most common pathogen of infection after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.2.Outline the general principles for the treatment of infection after ACL reconstruction.3.Determine the indications of graft excision and hardware removal.4.Summarize the outcomes of infection after ACL reconstruction.Septic arthritis is a rare but potentially devastating complication of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. The purpose of this study was to provide an evidence-based summarization of the treatment and outcome of infection after ACL reconstruction with a pooled analysis of the reported cases. The authors conducted a systematic review of published studies that evaluated the outcome of septic arthritis after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. A structured literature review of multiple databases referenced articles from 1950 to 2012. A total of 22,836 knees from 14 published studies were assessed. Postoperative septic arthritis occurred in 121 knees, with a pooled percentage of 0.5%. Mean duration of follow-up after ACL reconstruction was 53.6 months (range, 4–218 months). An average of 1.92 procedures (range, 1–5 procedures) were performed to eradicate the infection. The grafts were retained in 77% of cases. Postoperative intravenous antibiotics were used for at least 5 days (range, 5–90 days) after debridement. At final follow-up, mean postoperative Lysholm score was 80.2 (range, 23–100). No reinfection was observed in 121 patients. This study has helped to further elucidate the outcomes of infection after ACL reconstruction. Once an infection is encountered, culture-specific antibiotics and surgical joint irrigation with graft retention are recommended as initial treatment. Graft removal can be considered only for those infections resistant to initial treatment. [Orthopedics.2014; 37(7):477–484.]
Revision of Nearctic Stylogaster (Diptera: Conopidae)
Authors: Burt Trevor O. , Skevington Jeffrey H. , Rocha Leonardo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNearctic Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae) species concepts are revised. We provide redescriptions of S. biannulata (Say) and S. neglecta Williston, description of S. beresfordinew species, an illustrated key to species, range maps, and ecological data. Stylogaster beresfordi ranges from southern Mexico to southern New Mexico, United States of America. DNA barcode data are provided with neighbour-joining and Bayesian analyses and relationships of the three species are discussed. We hypothesise that S. neglecta and S. beresfordi are sister taxa, while S. biannulata is in a different clade.
Immune Suppression via Glucocorticoid-Stimulated Monocytes: A Novel Mechanism To Cope with Inflammation
Authors: Varga Georg , Ehrchen Jan , Brockhausen Anne , Weinhage Toni , Nippe Nadine , Belz Michael , Tsianakas Athanasios , Ross Matthias , Bettenworth Dominik , Spieker Tilmann , Wolf Marc , Lippe Ralph , Tenbrock Klaus , Leenen Pieter J. M. , Roth Johannes , Sunderkötter Cord 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used as first-line therapies for generalized suppression of inflammation (e.g., allergies or autoimmune diseases), but their long-term use is limited by severe side effects. Our previous work revealed that GCs induced a stable anti-inflammatory phenotype in monocytes, the GC-stimulated monocytes (GCsMs) that we exploited for targeted GC-mediated therapeutic effects. We demonstrate that GCsMs interact with T cells in suppressing proliferation, as well as cytokine release of CD8+ and, especially, CD4+ T cells in vitro, and that they support generation of Foxp3+ cells. Therefore, we tested their immunosuppressive potential in CD4+ T cell–induced colitis in vivo. We found that injection of GCsMs into mice with severe colitis abolished the inflammation and resulted in significant clinical improvement within a few days. T cells recovered from GCsM-treated mice exhibited reduced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17. Furthermore, clusters of Foxp3+ CD4+ T cells were detectable at local sites of inflammation in the colon. Thus, GCsMs are able to modify T cell responses in vitro and in vivo, as well as to downregulate and clinically cure severe T cell–mediated colitis.
DHX15 Senses Double-Stranded RNA in Myeloid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Lu Hongbo , Lu Ning , Weng Leiyun , Yuan Bin , Liu Yong-jun , Zhang Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Many members of the DEXD/H box helicase family play important roles in the innate immune system against viral infection. Therefore, we isolated dsRNA complex in myeloid dendritic cells. We found that DHx15, a DEXDc helicase family member, is one of the components of this complex. Knockdown of DHX15 expression by short hairpin RNA efficiently reduced the ability of myeloid dendritic cells to produce IFN-β, IL-6, and TNF-α in response to dsRNA and RNA virus. DHX15 specifically bound polyinosine-polycytidylic acid via its helicase C-terminal domain. DHX15 interacted with MAVS and formed a complex following stimulation with polyinosine-polycytidylic acid. The N-terminal domain containing a DEXDc motif in DHX15 bound the C terminus of MAVS. DHX15 is required to activate IRF3 phosphorylation as well as NF-κB and MAPK signaling during RNA virus infection. We, therefore, identified DHX15 as a new RNA virus sensor mediated by MAVS to activate the immune responses to RNA.
Influenza-Specific Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity: Toward a Universal Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Jegaskanda Sinthujan , Reading Patrick C. , Kent Stephen J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
There is an urgent need for universal influenza vaccines that can control emerging pandemic influenza virus threats without the need to generate new vaccines for each strain. Neutralizing Abs to the influenza virus hemagglutinin glycoprotein are effective at controlling influenza infection but generally target highly variable regions. Abs that can mediate other functions, such as killing influenza-infected cells and activating innate immune responses (termed “Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity [ADCC]-mediating Abs”), may assist in protective immunity to influenza. ADCC-mediating Abs can target more conserved regions of influenza virus proteins and recognize a broader array of influenza strains. We review recent research on influenza-specific ADCC Abs and their potential role in improved influenza-vaccination strategies.
Enhancement of Tumor-Specific T Cell–Mediated Immunity in Dendritic Cell–Based Vaccines by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Heat Shock Protein X
Authors: Jung In Duk , Shin Sung Jae , Lee Min-Goo , Kang Tae Heung , Han Hee Dong , Lee Seung Jun , Kim Woo Sik , Kim Hong Min , Park Won Sun , Kim Han Wool , Yun Cheol-Heui , Lee Eun Kyung , Wu T.-C. , Park Yeong-Min 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Despite the potential for stimulation of robust antitumor immunity by dendritic cells (DCs), clinical applications of DC-based immunotherapy are limited by the low potency in generating tumor Ag-specific T cell responses. Therefore, optimal conditions for generating potent immunostimulatory DCs that overcome tolerance and suppression are key factors in DC-based tumor immunotherapy. In this study, we demonstrate that use of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein X (HspX) as an immunoadjuvant in DC-based tumor immunotherapy has significant potential in therapeutics. In particular, the treatment aids the induction of tumor-reactive T cell responses, especially tumor-specific CTLs. The HspX protein induces DC maturation and proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-β) through TLR4 binding partially mediated by both the MyD88 and the TRIF signaling pathways. We employed two models of tumor progression and metastasis to evaluate HspX-stimulated DCs in vivo. The administration of HspX-stimulated DCs increased the activation of naive T cells, effectively polarizing the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to secrete IFN-γ, as well as enhanced the cytotoxicity of splenocytes against HPV-16 E7 (E7)–expressing TC-1 murine tumor cells in therapeutic experimental animals. Moreover, the metastatic capacity of B16-BL6 melanoma cancer cells toward the lungs was remarkably attenuated in mice that received HspX-stimulated DCs. In conclusion, the high therapeutic response rates with tumor-targeted Th1-type T cell immunity as a result of HspX-stimulated DCs in two models suggest that HspX harnesses the exquisite immunological power and specificity of DCs for the treatment of tumors.
Assessing and Documenting the Cognitive Performance of Family Medicine Residents Practicing Outpatient Medicine
Authors: Shaughnessy Allen F. , Chang Katherine T. , Sparks Jennifer , Cohen-Osher Molly , Gravel Joseph 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Development of cognitive skills for competent medical practice is a goal of residency education. Cognitive skills must be developed for many different clinical situations.

Innovation
We developed the Resident Cognitive Skills Documentation (CogDoc) as a method for capturing faculty members' real-time assessment of residents' cognitive performance while they precepted them in a family medicine office. The tool captures 3 dimensions of cognitive skills: medical knowledge, understanding, and its application. This article describes CogDoc development, our experience with its use, and its reliability and feasibility.

Methods
After development and pilot-testing, we introduced the CogDoc at a single training site, collecting all completed forms for 14 months to determine completion rate, competence development over time, consistency among preceptors, and resident use of the data.

Results
Thirty-eight faculty members completed 5021 CogDoc forms, documenting 29% of all patient visits by 33 residents. Competency was documented in all entrustable professional activities. Competence was statistically different among residents of different years of training for all 3 dimensions and progressively increased within all residency classes over time. Reliability scores were high: 0.9204 for the medical knowledge domain, 0.9405 for understanding, and 0.9414 for application. Almost every resident reported accessing the individual forms or summaries documenting their performance.

Conclusions
The CogDoc approach allows for ongoing assessment and documentation of resident competence, and, when compiled over time, depicts a comprehensive assessment of residents' cognitive development and ability to make decisions in ambulatory medicine. This approach meets criteria for an acceptable tool for assessing cognitive skills.
Affective Medicine:
Authors: Ritchey Sara 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
This essay uses saints' lives and miracle stories to demonstrate the various ways that religiously affiliated women managed for a socially marginalized population the daily experience of health and illness. In this essay I explore how people came to believe in a saint's ability to heal, how they adapted their feelings and intentions to affective models provided by her vita and miracles, and how they recounted their experiences of this adaptation in stories of bodily healing. I argue that, by examining the healing community that sick petitioners formed around female saints, we might come to recognize whole new categories of health on which medieval medical resources were premised. Furthermore, as scholars of religion, we may better understand the affective and devotional mechanisms through which the sick and indigent came to experience relief.
Ascetic Desire and the Enclosed Body in the Middle English Patience
Authors: Easterling Joshua 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
As many of its readers have acknowledged, the Middle English poem Patience owes much of its overall effects to late medieval ascetic and contemplative culture and its constructions of spiritual reform. So, too, were the ascetic discourses of enclosure, obedience, and desire by no means restricted to “official” ascetic literature, such as rules and hagiographical writing. This essay argues that the Jonah of Patience encodes and explores the relationship between ascetic desire and the obligation to serve a divine law through bodily enclosure. The poem articulates how the law of patient obedience, however burdensome, effectively generates and structures the desire of both Jonah and the ascetic, including the desire to resist the same obligations on which it is founded.
Inventing a Male Writer in Mechtild of Hackeborn's Booke of Gostlye Grace
Authors: Rydel Courtney E. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
The translator of The Booke of Gostlye Grace, a Middle English translation of Mechtild of Hackeborn's mystical text, presents his readers with a familiar narrative of how the mystic composed her text with the assistance of a male confessor. In the original Latin Liber Specialis Gratiae, however, two nuns act as scribes for Mechtild, composing the book in secret before permitting her to read and approve the work. The Middle English translator, I argue, deliberately changes the gender and number of nouns and pronouns and highlights this false narrative of a single male scribe in order to make the mystic's revelations more appealing to a fifteenth-century English audience. This systematic rewriting of the text emphasizes Helfta's role as a worshiping and reading community, rather than a writing one, with implications for the reception of Mechtild's visions then and now.
Isolation of biosynthesis related transcripts of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside from Fallopia multiflora by suppression subtractive hybridization
Authors: Zhao Wei , Sheng Shujing , Liu Zhongyu , Lu Di , Zhu Kuanpeng , Li Xiaoze , Zhao Shujin , Yao Yan 
Published: July 2014

2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-ß-D-glucoside (THSG) exerts multiple pharmacodynamic actions, found in <em>Fallopia multiflora</em>, but the biosynthesis pathway of THSG is still unclear. To clear this ambiguity, we constructed suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries to screen the genes involved in THSG biosynthesis from two <em>F. multiflora</em> varieties, which vary significantly in THSG content. Twelve non-redundant differentially expressed sequence tags were obtained and the full lengths of 4 unreported fragments were amplified by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. We totally got 7 full-length transcripts, and all of them were aligned to the transcriptome and digital gene expression tag profiling database of four <em>F. multiflora</em> tissues (root, stem and leaf from Deqing <em>F. multiflora</em> and another root from Chongqing <em>F. multiflora</em>; data unpublished) using local BLAST. The results showed that there was a significant, organ specific difference in the expression of fragments and full-length sequences. All the sequences were annotated by aligning to nucleotide and protein databases. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis indicated that THSG biosynthesis was correlated with multiple life activities.
L’origine des cités-royaumes cypriotes et des royaumes d’Israël et de Juda
Authors: Petit Thierry 
Published: July 2014

Sur la question de l’origine des cités-royaumes de Chypre à l’Âge du Fer existe une controverse similaire à celle qui concerne l’existence du royaume unifié et l’émergence des États d’Israël et de Juda au Levant. Les uns soutiennent qu’ils seraient apparus au début de l’Âge du Fer, soit au xiie ou au xie s., les autres qu’ils émergent dans le courant du viiie s. sous l’influence de l’expansion phénicienne. On se propose de démontrer ici que les corrélats archéologiques de l’État à Chypre ne sont perceptibles qu’à partir du viiie s. En particulier, les découvertes au Palais d’Amathonte corroborent la « théorie phénicienne ». On peut donc situer Chypre dans le même mouvement de diffusion du modèle étatique par les Phéniciens que celui qui aboutit à la constitution des royaumes d’Israël et de Juda, respectivement au ixe et au viiie s. av. JC, selon les défenseurs de la chronologie basse.
Jeter l’historicisme, relativiser l’historicité, penser autrement la révélation et l’incarnation
Authors: Gignac Alain 
Published: July 2014

L’archéologie biblique, devenue syro-palestinienne, s’est sortie de son cadre épistémologique historiciste. Mais qu’en est-il de la théologie elle-même dans son rapport à l’histoire ? Peut-on respecter l’historicité de la condition humaine — une grande découverte de la modernité — sans pour autant en faire le critère absolu de notre compréhension du monde ou sans demeurer dans une vision historiciste des « interventions » de Dieu dans le cours de l’histoire ? Peut-on penser révélation et incarnation autrement ? Le questionnement n’est pas nouveau mais mérite d’être repris encore une fois. Après avoir rappelé rapidement les acquis et impasses du débat (à travers les positions de Sesboüé, Bühler, Yarbrough et Pelletier), l’article propose une alternative narratologique — (post)moderne ? — à la compréhension moderne de divers concepts : « événement », « vérité », « révélation », « histoire », » historicité ».
Information Content of Annual Earnings A nnouncements: A Comparative Study*
Authors: Huang Yuan , Li Xiao 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Beaver (1968) examines the information content of annual earnings announcements by evaluating the changes in trading volume and return volatility. In this study, we first replicate Beaver (1968) for a comprehensive sample of US firms from 1995 to 2012 and then apply the same approach to a sample of Chinese firms in the same period. Similar to Beaver (1968), we find that with the US data, there is abnormally high trading volume and return volatility during the earnings announcement week. With the Chinese data, we find that Chinese firms’ earnings announcements are also accompanied by abnormal trading volume and abnormal return volatility. Furthermore, we find that there is more information leakage prior to the announcement dates and more prolonged post-announcement drift in trading volume and return volatility for Chinese firms.
Controlled‐atmosphere thermal demagnetization and paleointensity analyses of extraterrestrial rocks
Authors: Suavet Clément , Weiss Benjamin P. , Grove Timothy L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe describe a system for conducting thermal demagnetization of extraterrestrial rocks in a controlled atmosphere appropriate for a wide range of oxygen fugacities within the stability domain of iron. Thermal demagnetization and Thellier‐Thellier paleointensity experiments on lunar basalt synthetic analogs show that the controlled atmosphere prevents oxidation of magnetic carriers. When combined with multidomain paleointensity techniques, this opens the possibility of highly accurate thermal demagnetization and paleointensity measurements on rocks from the Moon and asteroids.
Low‐frequency earthquakes reveal punctuated slow slip on the deep extent of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand
Authors: Chamberlain Calum J. , Shelly David R. , Townend John , Stern Tim A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present the first evidence of low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) associated with the deep extension of the transpressional Alpine Fault beneath the central Southern Alps of New Zealand. Our database comprises a temporally continuous 36 month‐long catalog of 8760 LFEs within 14 families. To generate this catalog, we first identify 14 primary template LFEs within known periods of seismic tremor and use these templates to detect similar events in an iterative stacking and cross‐correlation routine. The hypocentres of 12 of the 14 LFE families lie within 10 km of the inferred location of the Alpine Fault at depths of approximately 20–30 km, in a zone of high P‐wave attenuation, low P‐wave speeds, and high seismic reflectivity. The LFE catalog consists of persistent, discrete events punctuated by swarm‐like bursts of activity associated with previously and newly identified tremor periods. The magnitudes of the LFEs range between ML – 0.8 and ML 1.8, with an average of ML 0.5. We find that the frequency‐magnitude distribution of the LFE catalog both as a whole and within individual families is not consistent with a power law, but that individual families' frequency‐amplitude distributions approximate an exponential relationship, suggestive of a characteristic length‐scale of failure. We interpret this LFE activity to represent quasi‐continuous slip on the deep extent of the Alpine Fault, with LFEs highlighting asperities within an otherwise steadily creeping region of the fault.
Magnetic reconnection at Uranus' magnetopause
Authors: Masters A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe magnetosphere of Uranus has barely been explored by spacecraft but is distinct from other solar system magnetospheres in many respects. Determining how this magnetosphere is coupled to the solar wind is central to understanding energy flow through the system. Here we assess how the solar wind interacts with the Uranian magnetosphere via magnetic reconnection. Analytical models of conditions at the magnetopause are combined with current understanding of reconnection onset to predict where reconnection may occur on the boundary. The results suggest that conditions at Uranus' magnetopause are generally less favorable for reconnection than those at the magnetopause of any planet closer to the Sun, as a result of how typical solar wind parameters vary with heliocentric distance. The location of reconnection sites on the Uranian magnetopause is likely to be highly dependent on not only the interplanetary magnetic field orientation but also planetary longitude and season. Solar wind–magnetosphere coupling via magnetic reconnection may be stronger under near‐solstice conditions than under near‐equinox conditions. We discuss the typical reconnection electric field strength at Uranus' magnetopause and suggest that the typical reconnection voltage is considerably less than 40 kV. Complimentary assessments of other means of coupling to the solar wind (e.g., via a “viscous‐like” interaction) are needed to establish the overall nature of solar wind–magnetosphere coupling at Uranus.
Historical wave height trends in the South and East China Seas, 1911–2010
Authors: Wu Lingli , Wang Xiaolan L. , Feng Yang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study reconstructs 6 hourly significant wave heights (Hs) in the South and East China Seas for the period 1871–2010, using the Twentieth Century Reanalysis ensemble of mean sea level pressure (SLP) fields and a multivariate regression model to represent the Hs‐SLP relationship in each study area. The regression model was calibrated and validated using the ERA‐Interim reanalysis of Hs and SLP for the period 1981–2010. These reconstructions were found to reproduce reasonably well the seasonal mean and maximum Hs climates as represented by the ERA40 and ERA‐Interim wave reanalyses. For each study area, an ensemble of 56 members of 6 hourly Hs was reconstructed for each grid point. The regional mean series of the ensemble mean of the reconstructed consecutive monthly mean Hs was tested for temporal homogeneity, which identified a few discontinuities in the pre‐1946 period and led to the exclusion of the reconstructed Hs for 1871–1910 from trend analysis (due to data uncertainty and inhomogeneity). Each 6 hourly Hs time series for the period 1911–2010 was homogenized for the identified discontinuities, before being used to derive annual and seasonal mean and maximum Hs for trend analysis. The trend analysis results show that, in both study areas, the 1911–2010 wave height trends are dominantly negative, with the exception that the seasonal maximum significant wave heights seem to have increased in summer and spring in the central South China Sea and in summer in the East China Sea.