bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of pathological changes and viral antigen distribution in tissues of calves with and without preexisting bovine viral diarrhea virus infection following challenge with bovine herpesvirus-1
Authors: Risalde María A. , Molina Verónica , Sónchez-Cordón Pedro J. , Pedrera Miriam , Romero-Palomo Fernando , Bautista María J. , Moreno Alberto , Gómez-Villamandos José C. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Objective—To compare pathological changes and viral antigen distribution in tissues of calves with and without preexisting subclinical bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection following challenge with bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1).
Animals—24 Friesian calves.
Procedures—12 calves were inoculated intranasally with noncytopathic BVDV-1a; 12 days later, 10 of these calves were challenged intranasally with BHV-1 subtype 1. Two calves were euthanized before and 1, 2, 4, 7, or 14 days after BHV-1 inoculation. Another 10 calves were inoculated intranasally with BHV-1 only and euthanized 1, 2, 4, 7, or 14 days later. Two calves were inoculated intranasally with virus-free tissue culture fluid and euthanized as negative controls. Pathological changes and viral antigen distribution in various tissue samples from calves with and without BVDV infection (all of which had been experimentally inoculated with BHV-1) were compared.
Results—Following BHV-1 challenge, calves with preexisting subclinical BVDV infection had earlier development of more severe inflammatory processes and, consequently, more severe tissue lesions (limited to lymphoid tissues and respiratory and digestive tracts) and greater dissemination of BHV-1, compared with calves without preexisting BVDV infection. Moreover, coinfected calves had an intense lymphoid depletion in the Peyer patches of the ileum as well as the persistence of BVDV in target organs and the reappearance of digestive tract changes during disease progression.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In calves, preexisting infection with BVDV facilitated the establishment of BHV-1 infection, just as the presence of BHV-1 favors BVDV persistence, thereby synergistically potentiating effects of both viruses and increasing the severity of the resultant clinical signs.
Book Reviews
Authors: Kloppenborg John , Kloppenborg John , Richardson Peter , Steinhauser Michael , LaPorte Jean-Marc , Hick John , Farris James , Demson David 
Published: March 2013

Schuyler Brown, The Origins of Christianity. A Historical Introduction to the New Testament, reviewed by John S. Kloppenborg John C. Meagher, Five Gospels: An Account of How the Good News Came to Be, reviewed by John S. Kloppenborg Richard N. Longenecker, New Testament Social Ethics for Today, reviewed by Peter Richardson Heinz O. Guenther, The Footprints of Jesus' Twelve in Early Christian Traditions. A Study in the Meaning of Religious Symbolism, reviewed by Michael G. Steinhauser Dan Donovan, A Lasting Impact. John Paul II in Canada, reviewed by Jean-Marc Laporte Terence Penelhum, God and Skepticism — A Study in Skepticism and Fideism, reviewed by John Hick Hendrik Hart, Understanding Our World: An Integral Ontology, reviewed by James Farris Edward Farley, Theologia: The Fragmentation and Unity of Theological Education, reviewed David Demson
Reflections on the Federal Council of Churches, the United Church of Canada and the Social Gospel in the 1930s
Authors: Handy Robert 
Published: March 2013

What role did the United Church play in the 1930s as an affiliated member of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America? This is a question which came to mind when I was asked by the editors to consider the theme of the social gospel in the United Church of Canada in comparison with developments in the United States. I chose as my basic sources two sets of printed but not readily available materials. I first read the reports of the Federal Council's meetings from 1928 to 1950, which happily include the minutes of its executive committee. They proved to be a mine of information, but made me hunger and thirst after scattered supportive archival documents of various kinds, such as correspondence, memoranda, personnel records, preliminary drafts and subcommittee reports. Then I scanned the issues of the Federal Council Bulletin from 1924 to 1944, published for most of that period ten times a year under the editorship of the Federal Council's general secretary, Samuel McCrea Cavert. The Bulletin proved helpful for sensing the changing moods of those times in Council circles, but again left me wanting to dig deeper into the archives. In this article I am going to risk some generalizations as hypotheses, primarily on the basis of those two sets of materials, but relying for help on some of the prominent books on social Christianity in North America. Some of my interpretations may be a little (or even quite) wrong, for at times the meaning of certain passages has not been entirely clear to me, but I hope they may provide something of value for future research and writing.
Missiological Implications of Christianizing the Social Order with Special Reference to the United Church of Canada
Authors: Jay C. Douglas 
Published: March 2013

The central questions addressed in this article are: (1) What are the missiological implications of the concept of Christianizing the social order, especially in the United Church of Canada and its founding churches? and (2) Has the concept any continuing validity in our increasingly pluralistic society? My particular interest in these questions relates to my role as secretary of the Commission on World Mission, which reviewed mission policy and practice of the United Church of Canada and its founding churches up to 1966, and. which, by the adoption of its recommendations in that year by the General Council, became the official mission policy statement of the church. Reference will also be made to other official reports, especially the 1934 report on Christianizing the social order.
The Self and Spirituality: A Variation
Authors: Dutcher-Walls Tim 
Published: March 2013

Augustine has been credited with initiating, in Western thought and spirituality, the focus on the self and its experience. With pious rhetoric and intellectual rumination, his Confessions present his own personal experiences and thoughts as the precise means used by God to bring him back to God. With this status, the self is given unprecedented reality and importance. Confessions "was the first [work] in literature to be concerned entirely with an introspective analysis of the author's own spiritual and emotional experiences." We in the West are inheritors of this legacy to such a degree that exploration of the self is axiomatic in spiritual life. The title of this article raises the natural question of what is meant by "the self." In this article a full, explicit definition is not possible. The concept of self has mutated in the Western tradition to such a degree that a separate essay would be required to describe adequately the variety of "selves." Nor is it necessary to provide here the historical range of meanings of "self." The contrasting spirituality I explore later assumes and requires only a general sense of the Western concept as it has applied since Augustine-though, as noted, there have been significant shifts in the West in the understanding of the self. What is pertinent for our purpose here is the identification of an orientation
Power, Poverty and Prayer: A Historical Perspective on the Church in the African Sate at the Edge of the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Kalu Ogbu 
Published: March 2013

In the early 1990s Adrian Hastings, a consummate historian, theologian and social activist intoned that "Black Africa is today totally inconceivable apart from the presence of Christianity, a presence which a couple of generations ago could still be reasonably dismissed as fundamentally marginal and a mere subsidiary aspect of colonialism." An African theologian Kwame Bediako cast his mind back to the Edinburgh Conference of 1910 and traced the contours of this element of surprise in the transformation of African Christianity. He declared that African Christianity has now acquired a greater consciousness of its African identity and character. The great challenge for the future is how to be of service to Africa as it voyages into the political realm of the twenty-first century. Not only have "new dimensions" emerged in African Christian spirituality as Paul Gifford said, but the roles of Christian leaders in the contemporary political crises have grown tremendously. Bediako and Gifford cite Togo, Benin, Ghana, and Liberia in West Africa, Zaire, Malawi and Zambia in Central Africa and South Africa as examples.
Book Reviews
Authors: Crook Zeba Antonin , Derrenbacker Robert , Mason Steve , Friesen Paul , Walton Brad , Coyle J. Kevin , Dekar Paul , O'Reilly Veronica , Beech Lawrence , Zynda Damian , Mercier Ronald , Schner George , Starkloff Carl , Whalen David , Wells Harold , Ajzenstat Oona , Ajzenstat Sam , Serroul Leo Vincent , Shepherd Victor 
Published: March 2013

J. Dorcas Gordon, Sister or Wife? 1 Corinthians 7 and Cultural Anthropology, reviewed by Zeba Antonin Crook K.C. Hanson and Douglas E. Oakman, Palestine in the Time of Jesus: Social Structures and Social Conflicts, reviewed by Zeba Antonin Crook Paul Hoffman, Thomas Hieke and Ulrich Bauer, Synoptic Concordance of the First Three Gospels. A Research Project of the Department of New Testament Studies of the University of Bamberg, Germany, Vol. 1, B. Hudson McLean, The Cursed Christ: Mediterranean Expulsion Rituals and Pauline Soteriology, reviewed by Robert A. Derrenbacker Peter Richardson, Herod: King o/the Jews and Friend o/the Romans, reviewed by Steve Mason Bruce Hindmarsh, John Newton and the English Evangelical Tradition: Between the Conversions of Wesley and Wilberforce, reviewed by Paul H. Friesen Seong-Hak Kim, Michel de L'Hopital: The Vision of a Reformist Chancellor during the French Religious Wars, reviewed by Brad Walton Eric Osborn, Tertullian, First Theologian o/the West, reviewed by 1. Kevin Coyle David T. Priestley, ed., Memory and Hope: Strands of Canadian Baptist History, reviewed by Paul R. Dekar Diarmuid O'Murchu, Reclaiming Spirituality, reviewed by Veronica O'Reilly Thomas St. James O'Connor, Clinical Pastoral Supervision and the Theology of Charles Gerkin, reviewed by Lawrence A. Beech Herbert Anderson and Edward Foley, Mighty Stories, Dangerous Rituals: Weaving Together the Human and the Divine, reviewed by Damian Zynda Montague Brown, The Quest for Moral Foundations: An Introduction to Ethics, reviewed by Ronald Mercier David Demson, Hans Frei and Karl Barth: Different Ways of Reading Scripture, reviewed by George P. Schner Jacques Dupuis, SJ., Toward a Christian Theology of Religious Pluralism, reviewed by Carl F. Starkloff Johannes H. Emminghaus, The Eucharist: Essence, Form, Celebration, reviewed by David M. Whalen Jiirgen Moltmann, The Source of Life: The Holy Spirit and the Theology of Life, reviewed by Harold Wells Michael Oppenheim, Speaking/Writing of God: Jewish Theological Reflections on Life with Others, reviewed by Oona Ajzenstat Leo Strauss, Jewish Philosophy and the Crisis of Modernity: Essays and Lectures in Modem Jewish Thought, reviewed by Sam Ajzenstat Andrew Tallon, Head and Heart: Affection, Cognition, Volition as Triune Consciousness, reviewed by Leo Vincent Serroul Geoffrey Wainwright, For Our Salvation: Two Approaches to the Work of Christ, reviewed by Victor Shepherd
Gandhi and Lonergan: The Issue of Human Authenticity
Authors: Roy Louis 
Published: March 2013

In the history of the human race, several thinkers set to themselves a twofold task: to rebut the institutions of their time and to propound an ideal of human achievement. We find instances of such endeavour in Plato's masterwork, The Republic, in Rousseau's passionate Discours sur les sciences et les arts and in Kierkegaard's famous contrast between the aesthetic and the ethical existence-spheres. These authors vividly picture the dramatic conflict that obtains, within the human soul and in society at large, between authentic and inauthentic existence. The purpose of this article is to meditate on some aspects of Gandhi's extraordinary wisdom and to compare his thoughts with those of Lonergan on the issue of human authenticity. Although both of them — one being an Indian and the other a Canadian of Irish descent — were critical of British policies, they differ enormously in perspective. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869-1948) was a religious ethicist and activist, whose writings, speeches and symbolic gestures aimed at addressing the masses. Bernard J. F. Lonergan (1904-1984) was a Jesuit who chose the scholarly lecture, article or book as the privileged medium to convey his views. For all their dissimilarity, these two thinkers offer a diagnosis and a prescription regarding our time which are worth pondering. Accordingly this article will compare Gandhi's and Lonergan's critiques of Western civilization and their distinctive models of human excellence.
The Dark Side of the Enlightenment
Authors: Ages Arnold 
Published: March 2013

It would seem that all great languages, buildings, institutions and, by extension, ideas, have architectural faults. Physicists tell us that this is the way of nature. It is the imperfections, moreover, that produce the quirky dance of atoms and molecules that we call life itself. The French Enlightenment, the focus of this article, was the edifice of ideas whose first intellectual foundation and footings were formed by Descartes' elevation of reason in the seventeenth century and whose superstructure was completed by Descartes' coalition of thinkers in France called philosophes. The architectural monument we know in English as the Enlightenment and in French as Les Lumieres, was a soaring, life-giving and politically liberating dialectic. It has been said that the vices of a country often come from an excess of virtues: the same can be said of institutions and manifestoes.
Wesley's Theology of Preaching and Its Implications for Worship
Authors: Whidden Woodrow 
Published: March 2013

The centrality of preaching in the exercise of Wesley's evangelistic, pastoral and theological formation (that is, the way he viewed theology and preaching) is beyond question. Justifiably, much has been written about the style (the "plain" versus the "fine" or "ornate"), content, heroic circumstances (especially in the early going of the Revival), biblical texture and literary sources of his preaching. His understanding, however, of the way in which the actual theological/ spiritual dynamics are played out in the preaching event (theology of preaching) has received surprisingly little attention. Furthermore, eyewitness testimony regarding the actual dynamics of his preaching and even Wesley's own detailed testimony about what seemed to be happening during his preaching is scant. Though he often speaks of the visible effects of his preaching on his audience (and they did record in their diaries and letters how they were attracted to or repulsed by him as a preacher), there is very little testimony that is reflective or analytical regarding what seemed to be happening from a theological perspective.
Logos and Sarx
Authors: Galloway Allan 
Published: March 2013

"The Word became flesh" (John 1:14). This saying is as difficult to understand as it is challenging to belief. It has many layers of meaning, one of which I propose to explore. In the past, it distressed me that our discipline, which should deal in eternal verities, is more fashion-ridden than the salon of any Paris couturier. In the course of an undeservedly long life, I have lived through many fashions, from neo-Hegelian idealism through Liberalism, Neo-orthodoxy, Existentialism, Secularism, Death-of-God, and so on. I estimate that the half-life of the average theological fashion is about ten years. The ephemeral character of our theological adventures distresses me no longer. This is the sarx—-the fleshly, temporal character of all our being and doing. We do indeed attempt to express and interpret the eternal truth of God but we can do so with relevance only within the context of our own living and ever-changing situation. Certainly we need the relative permanence of the creeds as the body needs a skeleton. But skeletons without flesh belong either in the grave or in a museum. Without the flesh of contextual relevance, the ancient creeds read like strange and largely meaningless metaphysical recipes. They even give instructions on how to combine the ingredients without dividing the substance or confounding the natures, and so on.
“Church Practices”: Sacraments or Invocations? H¨tter's Proposal in Light of Barth's
Authors: Demson David 
Published: March 2013

The concept of "church practices" has entered in a prominent way into current theological discussion. While the lineage of this concept includes Alasdair MacIntyre and Stanley Hauerwas, the concept most recently has been taken up as a special point of concentration by a group of Lutheran, Roman Catholic and Anglican theologians, which this year has brought out a book entitled, Knowing the Triune God: The Work of the Spirit in the Practices of the Church. Among its accomplished contributors is Reinhard Hütter who, as is indicated by the title of his recent book, has been a principal advocate in the development of the concept. Hütter's work is especially instructive for the following reasons: (a) his account of what is meant by the concept of church practices; (b) his account of the comprehensive role church practices (together with church doctrine) play in determining what theology is and does, and; (c) his criticism of Barth's account of church practices and, consequently, of the way in which Barth does theology. Since Hütter's account of church practices gains some of its descriptive force from its polemical relation to Barth's theology of the Christian community, it is useful to compare Hütter's proposal (first section) with Barth's (second section). Further, it may be noted, Barth provides something that Hutter does not-the exegetical support for his proposed understanding of one church practice-water baptism. (The implication of his exegesis for the understanding of the other church practices is, I believe, evident.) The question posed, then, is: are Barth's exegetical grounds (recounted in the third section) for his description of church practices clear enough and convincing enough to withstand Hutter's criticism and alternate proposal? Contrariwise, Hutter is challenged to provide more convincing exegetical grounds for his proposal than has Barth.
And God Sat Siva: Biblical tracings of a midrashic text
Authors: Singer Aaron 
Published: March 2013

Surface and substratum hermeneutics are at work here in what appears at first blush to be a mythopoetic construct, a whimsical trajectory of the midrashic mind. Surface strategies include gap filling together with stated and unstated word-plays, all to the end of forging a link between the midrashic proposition and the biblical text. Substratum hermeneutics, on the other hand, reveals an interpretation inextricably bound up in Scripture. What strikes us as a blatant dissonance between the biblical narrative and the midrash turns out, upon closer study, to be a substantive, thematic relationship which informs and legitimizes the midrashic reading. This article will examine the apparent disjunction of the biblical narrative and the midrashic teaching, note the factitious nature of the surface strategies, speculate on the underlying hermeneutic that may not only inform this particular exegesis, but also suggest a more profound understanding of the symbiotic relationship of Scripture to midrash and, finally, meditate on the existential teaching that emerges from the creative nexus between the biblical text and the rabbinic imagination.
"The Glory ofGod Gives Life": Unmasking Subjugation for a Post-Colonial Missionary Ecclesiology in Canada
Authors: Fensham C.J. 
Published: March 2013

Those who define what is acceptable within churches most often operate from the point of view of the dominant within the church subculture. Those who are different find themselves defined by those who dominate, control, exercise power and set the agenda. The dominated often seek to join dominance and to suppress their difference. This process is pernicious because it appears benign and because it never requires the dominant to reveal or examine assumptions. It reflects the process of one-way definition identified by Edward Said, another post-colonial theorist, in the relationship between the Western world and its perception of the Orient. There are many powerful challenges before churches in Canada in the twentyfirst century. I frame several issues here to propose the scope of post-colonial missionary ecclesiology. Challenges include external influences such as globalization, new technologies, environmental destruction, consumer capitalism and mass media; and internal struggles with hermeneutics, ethics, leadership and traditions of violence and domination.
Book Reviews
Authors: Trites Allison , Hawkins David , Black Steve , Fox Kenneth , Wettlaufer Ryan , Mitchell Matthew , Irwin Brian , Keough Shawn , Spilsbury Paul , Wiebe Donald , Chambers Stephen , Oegema Gerbern , Elphick Marilyn-Ann , Kindred-Barnes Scott , Gordon Dorcas , Konig Robin , Delicata Nadia , Rixon Gordon , Duggan John , Schweitzer Don 
Published: March 2013

Peter Balla, The Child-Parent Relationship in the New Testament and Its Environment, reviewed by Allison A. Trites John J. Collins, The Bible after Babel: Historical Criticism in a PostmodernAge, reviewed by David J. Hawkin Charles H. Cosgrove, Herold Weiss, K.K. (Khiok-Khng) Yeo, Cross-Cultural Paul: Journeys to Others, Journey to Ourselves, reviewed by Steve D. Black Philip F. Esler, Conflict and Identity in Romans: The Social Setting of Paul s Letter, reviewed by Kenneth A.Fox Craig A. Evans, Ancient Texts for New Testament Studies: A Guide to the Background Literature, reviewed by Ryan D. Wettlaufer Alan David Crown and Reinhard Pummer, A Bibliography of the Samaritans: Third Edition Revised, Expanded and Annotated, reviewed by Ryan D. Wettlaufer Jeffrey P. Greenman, Timothy Larsen, eds., Reading Romans through the Centuries: From the Early Church to KarlBarth, reviewed by Allison A. Trites Bruce J. Malina and John J. Pilch, Social-Science Commentary on the Letters of Paul, reviewed by Matthew W Mitchell J. Richard Middleton, The Liberating Image: The Imago Dei in Genesis 1, reviewed by Brian P. Irwin Cristian Badilita and Charles Kannengiesser, eds., Les Pères de l'Église dans Ie monde d'aujourd'hui, reviewed by Shawn W.J. Keough Jonathan Edmondson, Steve Mason and James Rives, eds., Flavius Josephus and Flavian Rome, reviewed by Paul Spilsbury Thomas Albert Howard, Protestant Theology and the Making of the Modern German University, reviewed by Donald Wiebe Clayton N. Jefford, The Apostolic Fathers and the New Testament, reviewed by Shawn W.J. Keough Paul Trebilco, The Early Christians in Ephesus from Paul to Ignatius, reviewed by Stephen L. Chambers Leif E. Vaage, ed., Religious Rivalries in the Early Roman Empire and the Rise o/Christianity, reviewed by Gerbern S. Oegema Augustine Meier, Thomas St. James O'Connor, Peter L. Van Katwyk, eds., Spirituality and Health: Multidisciplinary Explorations, reviewed by Marilyn-Ann Elphick David Self, Struggling with Forgiveness, reviewed by Marilyn-Ann Elphick EndNote X., reviewed by Brian P. Irwin Stephen Edmondson, Calvin's Christology, reviewed by Scott N. Kindred-Barnes Jeannine Hill Fletcher, Monopoly on Salvation? A Feminist Approach to Religious Pluralism, reviewed by Dorcas Gordon Dwight N. Hopkins, Being Human: Race, Culture, and Religion, reviewed by Robin Koning Marshall McLuhan, The Classical Trivium: The Place of Thomas Nashe in the Learning of his Time, reviewed by Nadia Delicata Neil Ormerod, The Trinity: Retrieving the Western Tradition, reviewed by Gordon A. Rixon Arvind Sharma, Religious Studies and Comparative Method: The Case for Reciprocal Illumination, reviewed by John F. Duggan Miroslav Volf and Michael Welker, eds., God's Life in Trinity, reviewed by Don Schweitzer