bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of tau protein at sites Ser396–404 is one of the earliest events in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome
Authors: Mondragón‐Rodríguez S. , Perry G. , Luna‐Muñoz J. , Acevedo‐Aquino M. C. , Williams S. 
Published: August 2013

AimsPhosphorylation, conformational changes and cleavage of tau protein have been widely suggested to contribute to abnormal tau processing in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, as well as in other tauopathies. Consistently, many phosphorylated sites, such as Ser199–202–Thr205 and Ser396–404, have been associated with this pathological processing. The present study examined the chronological appearance of phosphorylation during the neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) evolution in Alzheimer disease (AD) and Down syndrome.MethodsImmunohistochemistry for modified tau [phosphorylated at Ser199–202–Thr205 (AT8) and Ser396–404 (PHF‐1) or truncated at D421 (TauC3) and E391 (MN423)] was performed on paraffin‐embedded human brain sections. Double immunofluorescence for phosphorylated and truncated tau was used to detect intensity and distribution of tau immunoreactivity, and provided detailed characterization of NFT pathology.ResultsPhosphorylation at sites Ser396–404 was significantly increased when compared with phosphorylations at sites Ser199–202–Thr205. Around 50% of the total structures containing phosphorylation at sites Ser396–404 were found as early phospho‐tau aggregates with a well‐preserved neuronal soma. Phosphorylation of tau protein at sites Ser396 coexists with early and late truncation events. Tau abnormal processing in Down syndrome consistently showed similar alterations as observed in AD.ConclusionPhosphorylation of tau protein at the carboxyl terminus may be among the earliest tau events, and it occurs prior to the apparition of the classical fibrillar structure. Finally, these data validate PHF‐1 as an efficient marker for AD cytopathology following the progression of tau aggregation into NFT.
TP53 mutation and human papilloma virus status of oral squamous cell carcinomas in young adult patients
Authors: Braakhuis BJM , Rietbergen MM , Buijze M , Snijders PJF , Bloemena E , Brakenhoff RH , Leemans CR 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveLittle is known about the molecular carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in young adult patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the detailed TP53 mutation and human papilloma virus (HPV) status of OSCC in patients, younger than 45 years.MethodsTP53 mutations were determined with direct sequencing on paraffin‐embedded carcinoma tissue from 31 young patients and compared with two older age OSCC reference groups: one from the same institute (N = 87) and an independent one (N = 675). Biologically active tumour HPV was detected by p16‐immunohistochemistry followed by a HPV‐DNA GP5 + /6 + ‐PCR.ResultsHPV16 was present in one OSCC (3%). TP53 mutations were found in 14 (45%) OSCC: five were missense and nine resulted in a truncated protein. Six of these latter were insertions or deletions of one or more nucleotides leading to frameshift, one was at a splice site and two resulted in a stop codon. The percentage of truncating mutations (64% of all mutations) was higher than that observed in the institute's reference group (44%, P = 0.23) and in the independent reference group (24%, P = 0.002).ConclusionsThis study shows that TP53 mutations are common in OSCC of young adult patients; infection with biologically active HPV is rare.
Tobacco Control in Patients Treated for Chronic Pain: A Survey of Pain Fellowship Program Directors
Authors: Kadimpati Sandeep , Hoelzer Bryan C. , Hooten W. Michael , Warner David O. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPrevious studies have established the relationship between tobacco use and pain severity among patients suffering from chronic pain. Unfortunately, many physicians feel underprepared to counsel patients on smoking cessation. The purpose of this study was to identify the attitudes, beliefs, and practices of pain medicine fellowship directors in regard to tobacco control interventions and trainee education.MethodsProgram directors of ACGME‐accredited pain medicine fellowships were surveyed via a web‐based form to assess current practices in tobacco intervention and to gauge interest in incorporating tobacco control into their current fellowship training curriculum.ResultsOf the respondents, the majority indicated that they frequently asking their patients about tobacco use and advise them to quit. In addition, most agreed that presenting tobacco control is a responsibility of pain physicians. However, few consistently provided any assistance with quitting. Finally, the majority of program directors felt that pain medicine fellowships should include tobacco control training and were interested in incorporating an educational module about smoking and pain into their training program.ConclusionsThis survey of pain medicine fellowship program directors indicates that although smoking cessation interventions are not being consistently applied in academic pain practices, there is a strong interest in doing so. Furthermore, the majority of program directors recognized the importance of incorporating tobacco control training into pain medicine fellowships. This recognition may provide an opportunity to develop a web‐based training module that could be easily incorporated into the upcoming milestones in pain medicine training.
Overexpression of a soybean salicylic acid methyltransferase gene confers resistance to soybean cyst nematode
Authors: Lin Jingyu , Mazarei Mitra , Zhao Nan , Zhu Junwei J. , Zhuang Xiaofeng , Liu Wusheng , Pantalone Vincent R. , Arelli Prakash R. , Stewart Charles N. , Chen Feng 
Published: August 2013

SummarySalicylic acid plays a critical role in activating plant defence responses after pathogen attack. Salicylic acid methyltransferase (SAMT) modulates the level of salicylic acid by converting salicylic acid to methyl salicylate. Here, we report that a SAMT gene from soybean (GmSAMT1) plays a role in soybean defence against soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, SCN). GmSAMT1 was identified as a candidate SCN defence‐related gene in our previous analysis of soybean defence against SCN using GeneChip microarray experiments. The current study started with the isolation of the full‐length cDNAs of GmSAMT1 from a SCN‐resistant soybean line and from a SCN‐susceptible soybean line. The two cDNAs encode proteins of identical sequences. The GmSAMT1 cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli. Using in vitro enzyme assays, E. coli‐expressed GmSAMT1 was confirmed to function as salicylic acid methyltransferase. The apparent Km value of GmSAMT1 for salicylic acid was approximately 46 μm. To determine the role of GmSAMT1 in soybean defence against SCN, transgenic hairy roots overexpressing GmSAMT1 were produced and tested for SCN resistance. Overexpression of GmSAMT1 in SCN‐susceptible backgrounds significantly reduced the development of SCN, indicating that overexpression of GmSAMT1 in the transgenic hairy root system could confer resistance to SCN. Overexpression of GmSAMT1 in transgenic hairy roots was also found to affect the expression of selected genes involved in salicylic acid biosynthesis and salicylic acid signal transduction.
Development of genomic simple sequence repeat markers from an enriched genomic library of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.)
Authors: Lioi Lucia , Galasso Incoronata 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSimple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite markers are a valuable tool for several purposes such as evaluation of genetic diversity, fingerprinting, marker‐assisted selection and breeding. In this study, a SSR genomic enriched library was developed in Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) by affinity capture of restriction fragments to biotinylated microsatellite oligonucleotides. About 400 randomly selected clones were sequenced, and SSRs were present in approximately 30% of them. Clones contained 75%, 9% and 16% of simple, interrupted and compound SSRs, respectively. Of the 10 SSRs tested, 7 primer pairs produced clearly distinguishable DNA banding patterns. Successively, SSR primer pairs were successfully tested to reveal polymorphism in a set of four different grass pea germplasm accessions. The transferability of SSR markers was high among three related species of Lathyrus, namely Lathyrus cicera, Lathyrus ochrus and Lathyrus tingitanus, and the legume crop, Pisum sativum. These results indicate that the novel SSR markers are informative and will be useful and convenient for genetic analysis in grass pea and related species.
Immunodiagnosis of sheep infections with Echinococcus granulosus: in 35 years where have we come?
Authors: McManus D. P. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryW. K. Yong and D. D. Heath published in 1979 a seminal paper in the first issue of Parasite Immunology describing their efforts to determine whether the arc 5 precipitin band, formed when test human serum is reacted against electrophoresed hydatid cyst fluid antigen, would be a suitable immunodiagnostic test for the identification of sheep infected with Echinococcus granulosus. Although they found antibodies to arc 5 in the sera of hydatid‐infected sheep, the sera of some sheep harbouring Taenia ovis and T. hydatigena also precipitated the hydatid cyst fluid arc 5 antigen, so they concluded arc 5 antibodies were not suitable for the specific immunodiagnosis of E. granulosus infection in sheep in New Zealand. Subsequent work has shown that the existence of multiple infections with different taeniid species, antigenic cross‐reactivity between these related parasites and the low level of specific antibody response to infection continue to hinder efforts to improve the diagnosis of hydatid infection in sheep and other natural intermediate hosts, thereby preventing the development of any practical test. In particular, the poor antibody response of ruminants to naturally acquired hydatid infection may prove an insurmountable barrier in future efforts to develop a reliable and accurate immunological test.
Results of Arthroscopy-Assisted TightRope Repair of Acromioclavicular Dislocations
Authors: Flinkkilä Tapio E. , Ihanainen Essi 
Published: August 2013

Background The present study assessed results of arthroscopy-assisted TightRope (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) repair of acute Rockwood grade III and V acromioclavicular (AC) dislocations. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 57 patients with AC dislocations treated with TightRope fixation: 15 Rockwood grade III and 42 grade V. Functional results were assessed using the Constant score, and Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and RAND 36-ltem Health Survey scores after a mean 2.6 years of follow-up (range 1.0 years to 4.5 years). Radiographic results were assessed using the AC joint coracoclavicular (CC) distance. Results Postoperative radiographs showed anatomical AC joint reduction in all patients. In nine patients, fixation failed before 6 weeks postoperatively, mainly as a result of suture breakage. For the remaining 47 patients, CC distance was well maintained at 6 weeks. At follow-up, mean (SD) CC distance was significantly increased compared to the contralateral side or postoperative radiographs [17 (4) mm versus 10 (3) mm]. Mean DASH score was 9, Constant score was 88 and the RAND 36 score showed a quality of life similar to the Finnish reference population. Conclusions Despite initial good reduction of grade III and V AC dislocations using TightRope fixation, subluxation often recurs after 6 weeks. Patients suffer minor subjective complaints that do not worsen the quality of life.
Cleidocranial dysplasia: report of six clinical cases
Authors: Martins Rosemary Baptista , de Souza Ricardo Salgado , Giovani Elcio Magdalena 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTCleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal‐dominant disorder that occurs due to mutations in the Cbfa 1 gene, also called Runx 2, located on the short arm of chromosome 6, affecting osteoblast skeletal‐specific bones that have intramembranous ossification. This condition is characterized by hypoplastic clavicles, short stature, and great clinical significance in the stomatognathic complex, with involvement of facial bones, changes in the eruption patterns, including multiple supernumerary and retained teeth. This study reports six subjects of the same family with CCD identified in the Dentistry Clinic of Oral Diagnosis Department, Universidade Paulista, Campus Sorocaba, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. All cases had clinical and radiographic aspects of this important condition, such as short stature, hypertelorism, severe mobility of the shoulders, and supernumerary and retained teeth. Due to the rare incidence and phenotypic manifestations, CCD can be easily misdiagnosed. The oral commitments are one of the main (functional and aesthetic) causes of complaints in these subjects; and a dentist must establish the diagnosis as early as possible, followed by behaviors and practices that can minimize harmful manifestations of the syndrome and improve health associated with oral and multidisciplinary integration offering improvements in quality of life of these subjects.
Differentiating Suicide Ideators from Attempters: Violence—A Research Note
Authors: Stack Steven 
Published: August 2013

Which factors distinguish suicide attempters from suicide ideators is a relatively neglected question in suicidology. Data from the 2001 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, encompassing 1,439 youth suicide ideators and 1,097 attempters, was used to explore which factors best differentiate suicide attempters from ideators, with a focus on violence involvement. Measures of violence include the contexts of fights, dating, and weapons carrying. Controls were incorporated for psychiatric disorders, risky sexual behavior, school integration, and demographics. Controlling for the other variables, violence differentiated attempts from ideation: fighting (OR = 2.18) and weapon carrying (OR = 1.13). Psychiatric factors that predicted attempts over ideation included major depression (OR = 1.86), use of cocaine (OR = 2.34), and having a suicide plan (OR = 2.69), while demographic factors included gender, age, residence in the Midwest, and Hispanic, African American, or Asian ethnicity. A supplementary analysis (N = 11,546) determined that violence also helped to differentiate suicide ideators from nonsuicidal youth. Four factors (including violence involvement, eating disorders, and gender consistently) differentiated both between suicide attempts and ideation, and also between suicide ideators and nonsuicidal youth. The link between violence involvement and suicidality is interpreted in terms of the capability for suicide from the interpersonal theory of suicide.
“I Was Always This Way…”: Rhetorics of Continuity in Narratives of Conversion
Authors: Johnston Erin F. 
Published: August 2013

This article is concerned with identifying, comparing, and accounting for the principal rhetorical conventions within Pagan practitioners’ narratives of conversion. Applying key insights from studies on narrative identity and drawing on 15 months of fieldwork and 25 in‐depth interviews with Pagan practitioners, I first outline formal similarities in the content of participants’ narratives, arguing that these narrative conventions together constitute an ideal typical conversion narrative: what I call the rhetoric of continuity. This narrative form depicts the process of conversion as a rediscovery or uncovering of a temporally continuous and essentialized Pagan self. I suggest that while all conversions involve both change and continuity, adherents of different faith traditions vary in the degree to which they stress self‐transformation and/or self‐continuity. I then argue that the rhetoric of continuity reflects and reinforces practitioners’: (1) perspective on the locus and nature of the authentic self; (2) claims to legitimacy and social acceptance; and (3) understanding of the nature of religious truth.
Expansion of the Kell blood group system: two new high‐prevalence antigens and two novel K0 (Kellnull) phenotypes
Authors: Lomas‐Francis Christine , Vege Sunitha , Velliquette Randall W. , Fuchisawa Akiko , Uchikawa Makoto , Tani Yoshihiko , Moro Hiroko , Debnath Asim K. , Westhoff Connie M. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundThe number of KEL alleles associated with new antigens or loss of expression of high‐prevalence antigens continues to increase. We investigated KEL in five samples: two with K0 (null) phenotypes and three with normal Kell expression and antibodies to high‐prevalence antigens.Study Design and MethodsRed blood cell (RBC) typing and antibody identification were by standard methods. Genomic DNA was isolated from white blood cells and DNA array testing and sequencing of KEL exons was performed by standard methods.ResultsProband 1, an Asian woman with Kp(b+) RBCs, presented with alloanti‐Kpb. Four years later, the antibody was reactive with all RBCs except K0. She was homozygous for KEL c.877C>T change (p.Arg293Trp), and the high‐prevalence antigen absent from her RBCs was named KHUL. Probands 2 and 3, both Japanese and homozygous for KEL c.875G>A (p.Arg292Gln), presented with an antibody reactive with all except K0 RBCs. The antibody, named KYOR, recognizes an antigen antithetical to KYO (KEL31). Proband 4, a pregnant Middle Eastern woman, presented with alloanti‐Kpb, but her RBCs did not express Kell antigens. She was homozygous for KEL c.230G>T (p.Cys77Phe). Proband 5, a multiply transfused Caucasian female with an antibody reactive with all RBCs except K0 and lacking Kell antigens, was a compound heterozygote carrying a silenced allele c.574C>T (p.Arg192Stop) in trans to c.1664G>A (p.Gly555Glu).ConclusionWe describe two new high‐prevalence Kell antigens, KHUL (ISBT 006037; KEL37) and KYOR (ISBT 006038; KEL38), and two novel alleles encoding K0 phenotypes. We caution that antibodies produced by individuals with K0 RBCs or lacking high‐prevalence antigens can present as anti‐Kpb.
Detection of comorbidities and synchronous primary tumours via thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography and their influence on treatment outcome in dogs with soft tissue sarcomas, primary brain tumours and intranasal tumours
Authors: Bigio Marcello A. , Gieger T. L. , Jiménez D. A. , Granger L. Abbigail 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCanine soft tissue sarcomas (STS), primary brain tumours and intranasal tumours are commonly treated with radiotherapy (RT). Given the low metastatic potential of these tumours, recommendations regarding imaging tests as staging are variable among institutions. The purpose of our study was to describe thoracic radiographic and abdominal ultrasonographic findings in dogs with these neoplasms and to investigate association of abnormal findings with alterations in recommended treatment. Medical records from 101 dogs, each having thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound performed as part of their staging, were reviewed. In 98 of 101 (97%), imaging abnormalities were detected, 27% of which were further investigated with fine needle aspiration cytology or biopsy. Nine percent of the detected abnormalities were considered serious comorbidities that altered treatment recommendations, including 3 (3%) which were confirmed as synchronous primary neoplasms. These findings may influence recommendations regarding the decision to perform thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound prior to initiation ofRT.
Treatment of shelter cats with oral terbinafine and concurrent lime sulphur rinses
Authors: Moriello Karen , Coyner Kimberly , Trimmer Ann , Newbury Sandra , Kunder Darcie 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundDermatophytosis is an important contagious and infectious skin disease in an animal shelter. Itraconazole is the commonly used systemic antifungal drug, but it is expensive in some countries and, at times, difficult to obtain. Terbinafine is a fungicidal allylamine with documentedin vitroandin vivoefficacy againstMicrosporum canisin pet cats and in cats with experimental infections.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe the use of oral terbinafine for the treatment ofM. canisdermatophytosis in shelter cats.MethodsThe response to treatment of 85 shelter cats with naturally occurringM. canisdermatophytosis was monitored by examination, weekly toothbrush fungal cultures and the number of colony‐forming units on fungal culture plates. Cats were treated with either 14 (n = 21) or 21 days (n = 64) of terbinafine per os (p.o.) along with concurrent twice weekly lime sulphur rinses and daily environmental disinfection.ResultsCats treated with 14 days of terbinafine p.o. showed an initial response to therapy but by week 6 had relapsed and required rescue therapy with a course of itraconazole (10 mg/kg p.o.) to obtain a cure. Cats treated with 21 days of terbinafine p.o. showed a response to treatment similar to published reports using itraconazole p.o. for 21 days. The mean and median number of days to mycological cure was 22.70 (range 13–39). Terbinafine was well tolerated. None of the cats developed oral lesions postgrooming of lime sulphur rinses.Clinical significanceWhere itraconazole is not available, substitution with terbinafine in established protocols may allow shelters to treat cats that otherwise would go untreated.
Rapamycin reduces burn wound progression by enhancing autophagy in deep second‐degree burn in rats
Authors: Xiao Mengjing , Li Ligen , Hu Quan , Ma Li , Liu Lingying , Chu Wanli , Zhang Haijun 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBurn wound progression is caused by many mechanisms including local tissue hypoperfusion, prolonged inflammation, free radical damage, apoptosis, and necrosis in burn wounds. Autophagy, a homeostatic process by which cells break down their own components, was found to protect against ischemic injury, inflammatory diseases, and apoptosis in some cases. We tested whether rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, could ameliorate burn wound progression and promote wound healing through autophagy enhancement. Using a previously described deep second‐degree burn model, we first tested the effects of rapamycin on autophagic response in burn wound tissue. Autophagy levels in wound tissue of treated rats were increased as compared with controls. Furthermore, we found that laser Doppler flowmetry values and Na/K‐ATPase activities were markedly higher in the treated wounds. The content of interleukin‐8, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde, and myeloperoxidase activity in the wounds of treated rats were much lower than in controls. The apoptotic rates in treated wounds were much lower than controls as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling assay. Finally, histomorphological analysis showed that burn wound progression in the treatment group was ameliorated. The time to wound reepithelialization was shorter in the treated wounds than controls 22.5 ± 1.4 days vs. 24.8 ± 1.3 days (mean ± standard deviation, p < 0.01).