bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pixar and the Animated Soundtrack
Authors: Goldmark Daniel 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article appears in the Oxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aesthetics edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Of the many ways in which the animation production company Pixar differentiated itself from the classic animated shorts and films produced by Disney, the complete shunning of the Disney musical archetype may be the most pronounced. Pixar replaced the musical numbers and dance sequences with montages and flashbacks, scored with either original music or preexisting songs, furthering Pixar’s near-obsession with nostalgia and resurrection of the distant past. Combining unusually nuanced attention to the soundtrack with a longing for bygone popular culture, the Pixar films show a new stage of development for animated films, taking on the stereotype that Hollywood cartoons are for kids. This chapter explores Pixar’s approach to music and the soundtrack to show how advances in sound design, as well as an evolving approach to film scoring taken by veteran Hollywood composers, have brought a new level of complexity and even respectability to the long-maligned animated feature.
Sound and Vision:
Authors: Auslander Philip 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article appears in the Oxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aesthetics edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Referring to the relationship between visual and audible dimensions of music performance as an “economy” suggests that they may not work hand-in-hand. There can be competition for the audience’s attention and to influence its understanding of the performance. Relationships between sight and sound can be normative or traditional, or challenge norms. The “traditionalist” view emphasizes visible causality: what the audience sees should provide information about how the sound is being produced and perhaps about the musician’s affective state. Visual information that does not contribute to this is interference. The relative value of sound and visual information varies by genre. But even performers operating within traditionalist values sometimes challenge them by manipulating the relationship between the auditory and visual aspects in ways that go against the grain. An example is the use of light shows in both psychedelic rock and classical music concerts in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Sounding Out Film
Authors: Connor Steven 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article appears in the Oxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aesthetics edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Film sound has been recruited to the à voir, the ‘to-be-seen’ in an appropriation of the audible into the visible. This chapter attempts to characterize the principles of excess represented by sound and to account for sound’s seeming unaccountability of in cinema. Vision fixes, but sound expands and dissolves. It is not natural to identify “points of audition” the same way that we naturally identify point of view. Where cinematic seeing is reflexive, cinema sound lacks this quality, because sound always seems added to film, suggesting that even the talking cinema remains deaf to its sounds. Vision is always framed and contained; film sound is not. Cinema sound is always bodily, but the body is always diffuse and intermittent. Cinematic vision is an order of correlation; sound implies the mutative commixture of substances. Sound is the warrant of cinema’s capacity to come to life, bringing to life an hors-corps, the body of a body-beyond-cinema.
The Audiovisual Construction of Transgender Identity in Transamerica
Authors: Välimäki Susanna 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article appears in the Oxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aesthetics edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. This chapter discusses audiovisual communication and the construction of transgender subjectivity in the film Transamerica (dir. Duncan Tucker, 2005), which portrays a male-to-female transgender woman’s journey of self-discovery and parenthood while driving with a teenage son across America. Combining audiovisual analysis with queer and transgender studies, the film is interpreted as a queering—or more precisely, a transgendering—of the standard road movie format, adopted as the means of depicting the culmination of the protagonist’s gender transition. The analysis focuses on how the journey trope of transgenderness is constructed in the film music and sound. Special attention is devoted to the use of American country music to symbolize an identity in transition, the use of music encoded for ethnic identity to highlight transgender people’s social status and create a potentially progressive space of intersectionality and multiculturality, and gendered play in uses of the human voice.
Influence of Early and Delayed Transplantation of Paddy on Physicochemical, Pasting, Cooking, Textural, and Protein Characteristics of Milled Rice
Authors: Singh Narpinder , Paul Priyanka , Virdi Amardeep Singh , Kaur Parmeet , Mahajan Gulshan 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTMilled rice of four indica cultivars (PR114, PR116, PR118, and PAU201) obtained from early (June 5 and 15) and delayed (June 25 and July 5) transplanted paddy was evaluated for physicochemical, pasting, cooking, and protein characteristics. During the grain‐filling and development stage, early transplanted paddy experienced average maximum and minimum temperatures of 32.8 and 22.3°C, respectively, against 30.8 and 15°C, respectively, for delayed transplanted paddy. Lightness (L*) value, protein content, and lipid content of milled rice were lower, whereas apparent amylose content, cooked grain hardness, final viscosity, and setback viscosity were higher in the delayed transplanted paddy. Whiteness of milled rice of PR114, PR116, and PR118 from delayed transplanted paddy was lower than milled rice from early transplanted paddy. PAU201 did not show any change in whiteness with delayed transplantation. Cooked rice of PAU201 showed exceptionally higher adhesiveness and lower hardness compared with other cultivars. Protein profiling showed a lower accumulation of prolamines in milled rice from PR114 and PAU201 upon delaying the transplantation from June 5 to July 5, whereas PR116 and PR118 showed a decrease in prolamine accumulation from transplantation on June 25. The changes in milled rice caused by delayed transplanting of paddy might be because of cool nighttime air temperature that affected the accumulation of starch, protein, and lipid.
Pyranose Oxidase from Trametes multicolor Impacts Dough and Bread Microstructure
Authors: Decamps Karolien , Joye Iris J. , Pareyt Bram , Courtin Christophe M. , Delcour Jan A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPyranose oxidase (P2O) improves wheat flour dough stability and bread quality. We related its effect on dough spread behavior to that on dough and bread crumb structure. Increasing P2O addition levels gradually reduced dough flow. High P2O addition levels further increased dough strength, significantly increased dough cell wall thickness, and decreased bread loaf volume. Taken together, affecting dough spread behavior impacts dough and bread (crumb) structure, and dough structure largely determines bread crumb structure.
The First Report of Tomato spotted wilt virus on Gerbera and Chrysanthemun in Venezuela
Authors: Marys E. , Mejías A. , Rodríguez-Román E. , Avilán D. , Hurtado T. , Fernández A. , Zambrano K. , Garrido M. , Brito M. 
Published: February 2014

Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) and Chrysanthemum (family Asteraceae) are two of the top 10 cut flowers of the world, with great commercial value. Since 1998, Venezuela began a floral industry to produce and export fresh cut gerbera and chrysanthemum, with 40% of nurseries concentrated in Altos Mirandinos (Miranda State, north central region of the country). For the past 2 years, greenhouse-grown gerbera and chrysanthemum have been observed displaying symptoms resembling those associated with tospoviruses. Symptomatic plants showed concentric rings, irregular chlorotic blotches, and deformation on leaves. Disease incidence was estimated at 30%. Mechanical inoculation with extracts of symptomatic leaves reproduced the typical concentric ring symptoms on indicator plants Arachis hypogaea L. cv. San Martín, Capsicum chinense, and G. jamesonii 6 to 15 days after inoculation. In initial tests, leaves from each 30 symptomatic gerbera and chrysanthemum species from several greenhouse facilities in Altos Mirandinos reacted positively when tested by DAS-ELISA with polyclonal antisera (ATCC, Rockville, MD) raised against Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Total RNA was extracted with the RNeasy Plant Mini kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) from two gerbera and two chrysanthemum ELISA-positive samples. The TSWV coat protein gene was amplified by conventional reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primers CP1 TSWV (TTAACTTACAGCTGCTTT) and CP2 TSWV (CAAAGCATATAAGAACTT) (1). A single DNA product of ~823 bp was amplified from all samples. RT-PCR products were directly sequenced in both orientations and sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. KF146700 and KF146701 derived from chrysanthemum, KF146702 and KF146703 derived from gerbera). The resulting sequences showed over 99% identity with each other. and were found to be closely related (over 99%) with TSWV isolates deposited in GenBank originating from different hosts from France (FR693058, FR693055), Montenegro (GU339506, GU339508, GU355940), Italy (HQ830187), New Zealand (KC494501), South Korea (KC261967), and the United States (AY744476). To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of TSWV infecting gerbera and chrysanthemum in Venezuela. The relatively widespread occurrence of TSWV in Miranda State underscores the need for systematic surveys to assess its incidence and impact on ornamental crops so that appropriate management tactics can be developed. Reference: (1) R. A. Mumford et al. J. Virol. Methods 57:109, 1996.
First Report of Phytoplasmas Groups 16SrI and 16SrXV in Crotalaria juncea in Brazil
Authors: Bianco L. F. , Martins E. C. , Toloy R. S. , Coletti D. A. B. , Teixeira D. C. , Wulff N. A. 
Published: February 2014

Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L., Fabaceae) is widely used as a cover crop in sugar cane and citrus plantations in Brazil. C. juncea has been reported in São Paulo State (SPS) by Wulff et al. (3) as a host of the phytoplasma associated with symptoms of huanglongbing (HLB) in citrus, a member of group 16SrIX, that induces witches'-broom in sunn hemp (3). In studying the distribution of group 16SrIX phytoplasma in C. juncea in SPS, we identified this species as a new host of two phytoplasmas. Sunn hemp fields were inspected for symptoms usually associated with phytoplasma infections, such as leaf yellowing, shoot proliferation, witches'-brooms, and virescence. Ninety-nine plant samples were collected and DNA was extracted with the CTAB protocol from stems. Nested PCR was carried out with primers P1/P7, followed by amplification with primers fU3/rU5 (2), both sets being universal for phytoplasma. Asymptomatic sunn hemp samples were used as negative controls and were negative in PCR reactions. PCR products were directly sequenced with primers P1/P7 and fU3/rU5 and phytoplasma identification was conducted with BLASTn and in silico RFLP analysis for delineation of subgroups (4). Plants showing leaf yellowing (three plants; Catanduva County), shoot proliferation (one plant; Ibirá County), or witches'-brooms (one plant; Promissão County) symptoms were found to be infected with the 16SrI phytoplasma group, subgroup S. The 16S rDNA sequence (GenBank Accession No. KF878383) showed 99% identity (E value 0.0) with Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris, Onion yellows phytoplasma OY-M (AP006628), Mulberry yellow dwarf phytoplasma (GQ249410), and Ash witches'-broom phytoplasma (AY566302), among other phytoplasmas from the same group. Sunn hemp plants with shoot proliferation (three plants) carried the 16SrXV phytoplasma group, subgroup A, found in Ibirá (two plants) and Catanduva (one plant) counties, SPS. This sequence (GenBank Accession No. KF878382) displayed 99% identity (E value 0.0) with Ca. P. brasiliense, Hibiscus witches'-broom phytoplasma (AF147708), Guazuma ulmifolia witches'-broom phytoplasma (HQ258882, HQ258883), and Cauliflower stunt phytoplasma (JN818845). Both phytoplasma groups described in this report, 16SrI and 16SrXV, were collected in May 2010 and both have limited geographic distribution and occurred at low incidence. Phytoplasma of group 16SrI (Ca. P. asteris) was identified in C. spectabilis in India (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of phytoplasmas groups 16SrI and 16SrXV in sunn hemp. References: (1) S. Kumar et al. Plant Dis. 94:1265, 2010. (2) E. Seemüller et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:440, 1994. (3) N. A. Wulff et al. Tropical Plant Pathol. 34:S7, 2009. (4) Y. Zhao et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:2582, 2009.
Effect of an Outer Sleeve on an Inflatable Balloon Tamp in Terms of Height Restoration Under Simulated Physiological Load
Authors: Peppelman Walter C. , Beutler William , Gordon Michael , Chintakunta Suresh R. , O’Halloran Damien , Bucklen Brandon 
Published: February 2014

Study Design:
An in vitro biomechanical study.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an optional sleeve on height restoration and compare it with the fracture reduction achieved by a commercially available inflatable bone tamp under simulated physiological load (110 N).

Summary of Background Data:
Loss of reduction after bone tamp deflation before cement injection still remains a concern. The optional sleeve surrounds the bone tamp to help maintain height during the kyphoplasty procedure while filling the created cavity with bone cement on the contralateral side.

Methods:
Eighteen osteoporotic vertebral bodies (VBs) (T11–L4) were alternately assigned to 1 of the 2 treatment groups: group A: KYPHON (Kyphon Inc.) and group B: AFFIRM with sleeve (Globus Medical Inc.). The VBs were compressed axially at a rate of 5 mm/min until compressed to 40% of the initial anterior height. The fractured VBs then underwent kyphoplasty with cement augmentation while still maintaining load (110 N). The augmented VBs were then recompressed and anterior VB height (mm) and wedge angle (degrees) were measured initially after mechanically creating an anterior wedge fracture, and after repairing the compression fracture. The effect of kyphoplasty on vertebral height, kyphotic angle, cement volumes, and inflation pressures were compared between the treatment groups. Failure load (N) data were compared between intact and repaired VBs.

Results:
Average percentage of lost VB height restored in group A was 30%, compared with 56% for group B. The mean changes in wedge angle were similar to those of vertebral height measurements. No significant difference in mean inflation pressures (group A: 175±37 psi; group B: 160±36 psi) were found between the 2 groups. Average percentage increase in failure load was 241% and 212% in groups A and B, respectively.

Conclusions:
Some height restoration was observed using the commercially available bone tamp in fractured VBs under simulated physiological load. The use of an outer sleeve significantly enhanced height restoration compared with the inflatable bone tamp alone.
Two Arabidopsis Loci Encode Novel Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E Isoforms That Are Functionally Distinct from the Conserved Plant Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E
Authors: Patrick Ryan M. , Mayberry Laura K. , Choy Grace , Woodard Lauren E. , Liu Joceline S. , White Allyson , Mullen Rebecca A. , Tanavin Toug M. , Latz Christopher A. , Browning Karen S. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Canonical translation initiation in eukaryotes begins with the Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4F (eIF4F) complex, made up of eIF4E, which recognizes the 7-methylguanosine cap of messenger RNA, and eIF4G, which serves as a scaffold to recruit other translation initiation factors that ultimately assemble the 80S ribosome. Many eukaryotes have secondary EIF4E genes with divergent properties. The model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) encodes two such genes in tandem loci on chromosome 1, EIF4E1B (At1g29550) and EIF4E1C (At1g29590). This work identifies EIF4E1B/EIF4E1C-type genes as a Brassicaceae-specific diverged form of EIF4E. There is little evidence for EIF4E1C gene expression; however, the EIF4E1B gene appears to be expressed at low levels in most tissues, though microarray and RNA Sequencing data support enrichment in reproductive tissue. Purified recombinant eIF4E1b and eIF4E1c proteins retain cap-binding ability and form functional complexes in vitro with eIF4G. The eIF4E1b/eIF4E1c-type proteins support translation in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) but promote translation initiation in vitro at a lower rate compared with eIF4E. Findings from surface plasmon resonance studies indicate that eIF4E1b and eIF4E1c are unlikely to bind eIF4G in vivo when in competition with eIF4E. This study concludes that eIF4E1b/eIF4E1c-type proteins, although bona fide cap-binding proteins, have divergent properties and, based on apparent limited tissue distribution in Arabidopsis, should be considered functionally distinct from the canonical plant eIF4E involved in translation initiation.
Monitoring Plant Drought Stress Response Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy
Authors: Born Norman , Behringer David , Liepelt Sascha , Beyer Sarah , Schwerdtfeger Michael , Ziegenhagen Birgit , Koch Martin 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We present a novel measurement setup for monitoring changes in leaf water status using nondestructive terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Previous studies on a variety of plants showed the principal applicability of THz-TDS. In such setups, decreasing leaf water content directly correlates with increasing THz transmission. Our new system allows for continuous, nondestructive monitoring of the water status of multiple individual plants each at the same constant leaf position. It overcomes previous drawbacks, which were mainly due to the necessity of relocating the plants. Using needles of silver fir (Abies alba) seedlings as test subjects, we show that the transmission varies along the main axis of a single needle due to a variation in thickness. Therefore, the relocation of plants during the measuring period, which was necessary in the previous THz-TDS setups, should be avoided. Furthermore, we show a highly significant correlation between gravimetric water content and respective THz transmission. By monitoring the relative change in transmission, we were able to narrow down the permanent wilting point of the seedlings. Thus, we established groups of plants with well-defined levels of water stress that could not be detected visually. This opens up the possibility for a broad range of genetic and physiological experiments.
Traits of plant communities in fragmented forests: the relative influence of habitat spatial configuration and local abiotic conditions
Authors: Kimberley Adam , Alan Blackburn G. , Duncan Whyatt J. , Smart Simon M. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe plant trait composition of forest fragments is thought to be partly determined by forest spatial properties, although the relative importance of habitat configuration and local abiotic drivers is poorly understood.To address this issue, large‐scale habitat extent data were combined with detailed field survey information for temperate broad‐leaved deciduous forest patches to quantify the relative effects of spatial and abiotic filters on plant community mean trait values.Local conditions such as shade and soil fertility had the largest effect on mean trait values, but aspects of habitat configuration also had significant partial effects on a number of traits.Mean trait values within older forest patches were more strongly influenced by forest spatial configuration than in younger patches.Synthesis. Results indicate that, in addition to the effects of greater light availability and competition in small patches and at forest edges, aspects of habitat configuration such as patch size and isolation are themselves important factors limiting the occurrence of forest specialist species. Large areas of core forest habitat contain a greater proportion of rare, poor dispersing species, although these effects were less visible in more recently established forest. This highlights the importance of maintaining existing large and old forest patches as a refuge for forest specialist plants. The results of this comparison of spatial and abiotic variables suggest that controlling the spatial properties of forest patches is likely to prove an effective way of managing plant species diversity, provided that sites with appropriate abiotic conditions are chosen.
Viability of Human Articular Chondrocytes Harvested Postmortem: Changes with Time and Temperature ofIn VitroCulture Conditions
Authors: Alibegović Armin , Balažic Jože , Petrovič Danijel , Hribar Gorazd , Blagus Rok , Drobnič Matej 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDifferent studies of long‐term chondrocytes viability have shown a gradual reduction as a function of time and ambient temperature. The aim of ourin vitrostudy was to establish chondrocytepostmortemviability curves for 4°C, 11°C, 23°C, 35°C during 63 days after the donors' death. Osteochondral cylinders were procured from the knees of 16 male donors (20–47 years), stored in preservation media that was not changed, and analyzed in 3‐day intervals using a confocal laser scanning microscope. A significant influence of time on viability was found from Day 9 (p = 0.0029) and onwards (p < 0.0001). The lowest overall chondrocyte viability was at 35°C, followed by 4°C (p < 0.0001). The conditions used in thisin vitroanalysis suggest that similar viabilities may occur whilein situin the decedent. Further studies of chondrocyte viability from individuals with knownpostmortemintervals may show premise to help evaluate time since death in the latepostmorteminterval.
Homicide by a Forensic Female Sample in Brazil: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Valença Alexandre M. , Nardi Antonio E. , Nascimento Isabella , Jozef Flávio , Mendlowicz Mauro V. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe objective of the study was to evaluate the mental status of all women (n = 14) who were acquitted by reason of insanity of charges of murder or attempted murder and committed to a forensic psychiatric hospital in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. All cases were retrospectively examined, including medical files, technical records, and forensic experts' official reports. A conclusive psychiatric diagnosis was established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis I and II Disorders and clinical and forensic records. The most common diagnosis was schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorders (n = 8; 57.3%). Most victims (n = 12; 75%) were close relatives of the patients. We found that 43% (n = 6) of the patients had a previous history of violent behavior. According to the initial psychiatric forensic evaluation, 5 patients (35.7%) had psychotic symptoms. It is expected that a growing understanding of motivational factors underlying homicidal behavior in mentally disturbed female offenders may further the implementation of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions.