bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Cenozoic extension and crustal doming in the India‐Eurasia collision zone: New thermochronologic constraints from the NE Chinese Pamir
Authors: Thiede Rasmus C. , Sobel Edward R. , Chen Jie , Schoenbohm Lindsay M. , Stockli Daniel F. , Sudo Masafumi , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe northward motion of the Pamir indenter with respect to Eurasia has resulted in coeval thrusting, strike‐slip faulting, and normal faulting. The eastern Pamir is currently deformed by east‐west oriented extension, accompanied by uplift and exhumation of the Kongur Shan (7719 m) and Muztagh Ata (7546 m) gneiss domes. Both domes are an integral part of the footwall of the Kongur Shan extensional fault system (KES), a 250 km long, north‐south oriented graben. Why active normal faulting within the Pamir is primarily localized along the KES and not distributed more widely throughout the orogen has remained unclear. In addition, relatively little is known about how deformation has evolved throughout the Cenozoic, despite refined estimates on present‐day crustal deformation rates and microseismicity, which indicate where crustal deformation is presently being accommodated. To better constrain the spatiotemporal evolution of faulting along the KES, we present 39 new apatite fission track, zircon U‐Th‐Sm/He, and 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages from a series of footwall transects along the KES graben shoulder. Combining these data with present‐day topographic relief, 1‐D thermokinematic and exhumational modeling documents successive stages, rather than synchronous deformation and gneiss dome exhumation. While the exhumation of the Kongur Shan commenced during the late Miocene, extensional processes in the Muztagh Ata massif began earlier and have slowed down since the late Miocene. We present a new model of synorogenic extension suggesting that thermal and density effects associated with a lithospheric tear fault along the eastern margin of the subducting Alai slab localize extensional upper plate deformation along the KES and decouple crustal motion between the central/western Pamir and eastern Pamir/Tarim basin.
Diagrams, Timelines, and Tables—Oh, My! Fostering Graphical Literacy
Authors: Roberts Kathryn L. , Norman Rebecca R. , Duke Nell K. , Morsink Paul , Martin Nicole M. , Knight Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe Common Core State Standards place unprecedented emphasis on visual text—appropriately so, as visual components are increasingly ubiquitous in many kinds of text. This shift in emphasis requires substantial changes in our teaching. Concepts of print need to be expanded to include concepts of graphics, and specific graphical devices, such as diagrams, timelines, and tables, need to become the focus of systematic instruction. This article shares research‐based instructional practices that may support children's development in this increasingly important area.
Role of Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn in breast cancer: study by X‐ray fluorescence techniques and immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: Silva M. P. , Silva D. M. , Conceição A. L. C. , Ribeiro‐Silva A. , Poletti M. E. 
Published: May 2013

In recent years, several studies have shown that concentrations of trace elements are altered in neoplastic breast tissues. However, the microenvironment and metabolic changes caused by tumors are complex and still not completely understood. Under this aspect, the combination of different techniques to investigate the role of trace elements in promoting and/or maintaining a tumor is interesting once the combination of information obtained by analytical techniques and immunohistochemical assays, associated with clinicopathological data, may allow a better metabolic understanding of trace elements in breast cancer.In this work, the role of the trace elements Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn in neoplastic breast tissues was investigated by X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques and immunohistochemical assays. We determined concentrations of Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn in normal and neoplastic breast tissues using energy dispersive XRF, and these values were used to set the positive or negative expression of elements in normal and neoplastic tissues. These expressions were correlated with the spatial distributions of trace elements (evaluated by micro‐XRF) and with immunoexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of MMPs and vascular endothelial growth factor.The results revealed that the expression of the trace elements Fe, Cu and vascular endothelial growth factor are related, indicating that higher levels of these elements can be associated with the angiogenic process in breast cancer. Also, associations between Ca, Zn and MMPs expression have been observed, possibly because of the fact that both metals are present in these proteins. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterisation of 5, 5'‐Bistetrazolate Salts with Alkali Metal, Ammonium and Imidazolium Cations
Authors: Finger Lars H. , Schröder Fabian G. , Sundermeyer Jörg 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe report on the synthesis and characterisation of the alkali metal 5, 5'‐bistetrazolate (BT2–) salts Li2BT (1), Na2BT (2), K2BT (3), Rb2BT (4) and Cs2BT (5) as well as the mono ammonium (9) and the mono (10) and bis(1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) (11) salts of 5, 5'‐bistetrazole. The crystal structures of the hydrates of the alkali metal salts (1h–4h) and hydrate free (9) to (11) are presented. Additionally we present structures of the monocaesium 5, 5'‐bistetrazolate (6) and alternative modifications of the known salts barium (7h) and diammonium (8) 5, 5'‐bistetrazolate. Among the presented compounds are the first reversibly melting 5, 5'‐bistetrazolate salts (10, 11) and also the first ionic liquid on the basis of 5, 5'‐bistetrazole (11). All substances were investigated by NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and combined TGA/DSC measurements. Corresponding to our main motive, the evaluation of the coordination behaviour of 5, 5'‐bistetrazole, we give a short summary of the metal 5, 5'‐bistetrazole salts structurally characterised so far.
The phylogenetic information carried by a new set of morphological characters in planthoppers: the internal mouthpart structures and test in the Cixiidae model (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)
Authors: Brożek Jolanta , Bourgoin Thierry 
Published: May 2013

AbstractInternal morphological structures of Cixiidae mouthparts are described and compared in various representatives of the Cixiidae and several other representatives of hemipterans. The morphological study shows that the mouthpart structures have not evolved uniformly and reveals the great disparity of these structures. Particularly, the connecting system of the mouthparts, localisation of salivary canal and shape of the mandibular and maxillar stylets provide together a new set of 17 new characters. A parsimonious analysis to evaluate the phylogenetic interest carried by these 17 selected characters shows that mouthpart structures have not evolved anarchically, but that they indeed carry some phylogenetic information that will be useful to be included in further morphological phylogenetic analysis.
Construction of a starch-inducible homologous expression system to produce cellulolytic enzymes from Acremonium cellulolyticus
Authors: Inoue Hiroyuki , Fujii Tatsuya , Yoshimi Miho , Taylor Larry E , Decker Stephen R , Kishishita Seiichiro , Nakabayashi Makoto , Ishikawa Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A starch-inducible homologous expression system in Acremonium cellulolyticus was constructed to successfully produce recombinant cellulolytic enzymes. A. cellulolyticus Y-94 produced amylolytic enzymes and cellulolytic enzymes as major proteins in the culture supernatant when grown with soluble starch (SS) and Solka–Flock cellulose (SF), respectively. To isolate a strong starch-inducible promoter, glucoamylase (GlaA), which belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 15, was purified from the SS culture of Y-94, and its gene was identified in the genome sequence. The 1.4-kb promoter and 0.4-kb terminator regions of glaA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and used in the construction of a plasmid that drives the expression of the cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) gene from A. cellulolyticus. The resultant expression plasmid, containing pyrF as a selection marker, was randomly integrated into the genome of the A. cellulolyticus Y-94 uracil auxotroph. The prototrophic transformant, Y203, produced recombinant Cel7A as an extracellular protein under control of the glaA promoter in the SS culture. Recombinant and wild-type Cel7A were purified from the SS culture of Y203 and the SF culture of A. cellulolyticus CF-2612, respectively. Both enzymes were found to have the same apparent molecular weight (60 kDa), thermostability (T m 67.0 °C), and optimum pH (pH 4.5), and showed similar catalytic properties for soluble and insoluble substrates. These results suggest that the A. cellulolyticus starch-inducible expression system will be helpful for characterization and improvement of fungal cellulolytic enzymes.
Shunted Hydrocephalus Has a Significant Impact on Quality of Life in Children With Spina Bifida
Authors: Ramachandra Puneeta , Palazzi Kerrin L. , Skalsky Andrew J. , Marietti Sarah , Chiang George 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo determine which clinical (health status) and nonclinical (demographic) factors may affect perceptions of quality of life in children with spina bifida and their parents.DesignA prospective study by using a validated questionnaire.SettingA multidisciplinary spina bifida clinic at a pediatric tertiary referral center.PatientsThirty‐three children with spina bifida aged 5‐18 years and 41 parents of children with spina bifida aged 2‐18 years completed questionnaires after informed consent was obtained.MethodsThe Peds QL 4.0 Short Form 15 questionnaire was administered to children with spina bifida and their parents. Additional data were collected, including socioeconomic status, self‐reported ethnicity, insurance status, ambulatory status, presence of shunted hydrocephalus, and continence. All completed questionnaires were included in the final analysis.ResultsSelf‐reported physical and psychosocial health scores for patients in our study were lower than previously published scores from healthy children. Patients with a shunted hydrocephalus had significantly lower self‐reported physical health scores compared with those without shunted hydrocephalus (61.4 versus 39.3; P = .015). Self‐reported physical health score in those with shunted hydrocephalus improved with age (Spearman ρ = 0.42; P = .017). Shunted hydrocephalus remained significant on multivariate analysis. Ethnicity, insurance, socioeconomic status, ambulatory status, and urinary and fecal continence were not associated with self‐reported physical or psychosocial scores. Parent‐reported scores were not associated with any of the variables of interest. There was excellent correlation between parent‐reported and self‐reported psychosocial health scores (Spearman ρ = 0.636; P < .001) but not physical health scores (Spearman ρ = 0.023; P = .905).ConclusionsShunted hydrocephalus has a negative impact on the perception of quality of life, an effect that may be attenuated by age. Further study and more‐specific measurement tools are needed to better understand health‐related quality of life in children with spina bifida.
Shonkinites and minettes of the Ryabinovyi massif (Central Aldan): composition and crystallization conditions
Authors: Rokosova E.Yu. , Panina L.I. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Dikes of biotitic shonkinites and minettes of the complex Ryabinovyi alkaline massif (Central Aldan) have been studied. The dikes are localized in a neck of K-picrites in the northeast of the massif, which intrudes gold-bearing microcline–muscovite metasomatites (Muscovitovyi site). The obtained data on the chemical and trace-element compositions of the rocks and minerals and study of melt inclusions in clinopyroxenes indicate that the biotitic shonkinites and minettes crystallized from the same deep-seated high-pressure alkaline ultrabasic magma during its evolution. Apparently, at the early stage of crystallization of diopside in the biotitic shonkinites, homogeneous carbonate–silicate melt was separated into immiscible fractions of silicate, carbonate–salt, and carbonate melts. The temperature of melt immiscibility was &gt; 1120–1190 °C, i.e., higher than the homogenization temperature of silicate inclusions in the diopside. The contents of trace elements in the biotitic shonkinites and rock-forming clinopyroxenes were one or two orders of magnitude higher than the mantle values. The Eu/Eu* ratios of both the considered rocks and the clinopyroxenes were close to those of chondrites, which testifies to their crystallization from mantle magma. The HREE/LREE ratio indicates that the magma source was localized at the depths where garnet-spinel assemblages existed. The negative Nb and Ti anomalies in the trace-element spectra and the high (&gt; 5) La/Nb ratios in the rocks and clinopyroxenes point to the influence of crustal material on the parental magma. Crystallization of magma took place in reducing conditions, which is evidenced by the low (4–7) Ti/V ratios in clinopyroxenes and the presence of chloride–sulfate inclusions in them. Since gold in the Ryabinovyi massif is associated with late sulfate–chloride and sulfate–carbonate fluids, it might have been transported by alkaline chloride–sulfate and carbonate (carbonatite) melts, found as inclusions in clinopyroxenes of the biotitic shonkinites, at the early stages of Mesozoic magmatism.
Petrochemical characteristics of carbonaceous shales in the eastern Bureya massif and their precious-metal mineralization
Authors: Khanchuk A.I. , Nevstruev V.G. , Berdnikov N.V. , Nechaev  
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Some geological, petrochemical, and geochemical characteristics of carbonaceous shales as a new unconventional natural source of gold and PGE are considered by the example of the Kimkan and Sutyr’ units of the Bureya massif (southern Far East, Russia). It is shown that shales of the units belong to the terrigenous-carbonaceous and siliceous-carbonaceous formations. They accumulated in deep-water trenches, and the active continental margin was probably their main provenance. The carbonaceous terrigenous-sedimentary units and precious-metal ores in them show specific petrochemical characteristics different for complexes with predominantly PGE and gold mineralization. According to these characteristics, carbonaceous complexes with high Fe contents, low total contents of alkalies, and high K/Na ratios are promising for PGE-rich ores. Gold ores are usually localized in black-shale strata with high total contents of alkalies and low K/Na. In this respect, the shales and Fe-ores of the Kimkan unit obviously contain high-PGE mineralization, while the rocks of the Sutyr’ unit can bear gold deposits. We assume that the PGE mineralization is genetically related to the formation and transformation of carbonaceous rocks. At the same time, most of gold in the carbonaceous shales is native and is not related to carbon; it is present in mineral assemblages resulted from superimposed sulfidization and silicification.
Sulfur–selenium isomorphous substitution and morphotropic transition in the Ag3Au(Se,S)2 series
Authors: Seryotkin Yu.V. , Pal’yanova G.A. , Savva N.E. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Gold–silver sulfoselenides of the series Ag3AuSexS2–x (x = 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.5) were synthesized from melts on heating stoichiometric mixtures of elementary substances in evacuated quartz ampoules. According to X-ray single-crystal analysis, compound Ag3Au1Se0.5S1.5 has the structure of gold–silver sulfide Ag3AuS2 (uytenbogaardtite) with space group R3¯c. The volume of this compound is 1.5% larger than that of the sulfide analog. According to powder X-ray diffraction, compounds Ag3AuSe0.25S1.75 and Ag3AuSe0.75S1.25 also show trigonal symmetry. Compounds Ag3AuSeS and Ag3AuSe1.5S0.5 are structurally similar to the low-temperature modification of gold–silver selenide Ag3AuSe2 (fischesserite) with space group I4132. These data suggest the existence of two solid solutions: petzite-type cubic Ag3AuSe2–Ag3AuSeS (space group I4132) and trigonal Ag3AuSe0.75S1.25–Ag3AuS2 (space group R3¯c).
It was found that fischesserite from the Rodnikovoe deposit (southern Kamchatka) contains 3.5–4 wt.% S. At the Kupol deposit (Chukchi Peninsula), fischesserite contains up to 2.5 wt.% S and uytenbogaardtite contains up to 5.3 wt.% Se. At the Ol’cha and Svetloe (Okhotskoe) deposits (Magadan Region), uytenbogaardtite contains up to 0.5 and 1.8 wt.% Se, respectively. Literature data on the compositions of silver–gold selenides and sulfides from different deposits were summarized and analyzed. Analysis of available data on the S and Se contents of natural fischesserite and uytenbogaardtite confirms the miscibility gap near composition Ag3AuSeS.
Neuropsychiatric complications in a patient with Marfan syndrome
Authors: Lee Chin-Pang , Chu Chun-Lin , Liu Chia-Yih , Chen Chia-Hsiang 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundMarfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant disorder of fibrillin-1 gene mutations, with the involvement of cardiovascular, skeletal, and ocular systems. In addition to physical abnormalities, MFS patients are also found to be susceptible to schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions.ObjectivesAwareness of the association between MFS and psychiatric conditions would improve the clinical management of MFS patients to reduce the risk or even to prevent the development of psychiatric complications in MFS patients.MethodsHere, we describe a male MFS patient who manifested incoherent speech and impaired cognitive and social function at the age of 40 years.Results and conclusionHis mental dysfunction could be attributed to his bilateral cerebral infarction, which is a neurovascular complication associated with MFS.
Depression as first manifestation of a large intracerebral lymphoma
Authors: Etgen Thorleif , Fleissner Susanne 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveThe differentiation between a ‘non-organic’ depressive episode and an organic depressive disorder on the basis of clinical grounds might be challenging.MethodsWe report a case with an initially typical severe depressive episode without any focal neurological deficits.ResultsOnly medical history from a third party raised doubts about this provisional diagnosis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a highly malignant diffuse large intracerebral B-cell lymphoma in the right frontal lobe changing the diagnosis into an organic depressive disorder. The patient recovered after neurosurgical resection, chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.ConclusionThis report helps to reduce possible errors in the differential diagnosis of depressive disorders by underlining the importance of a comprehensive medical history including anamnesis from a third party and neuroimaging, especially in first or atypical manifestation of depressive disorders.
Hippocampal volume and serotonin transporter polymorphism in major depressive disorder
Authors: Ahdidan Jamila , Foldager Leslie , Rosenberg Raben , Rodell Anders , Videbech Poul , Mors Ole 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveThe main aim of the present study was to replicate a previous finding in major depressive disorder (MDD) of association between reduced hippocampal volume and the long variant of the di- and triallelic serotonin transporter polymorphism inSLC6A4on chromosome 17q11.2. Secondarily, we also hypothesised that 5-HTTLPR may be a risk factor for MDD.MethodsQuantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hippocampus was studied in 23 inpatients suffering from MDD and in 33 healthy controls. Normalised volumetric MRI data of hippocampus were assessed with adjustment for total brain volume and tensor-based morphometry was used to elucidate structural brain differences. A triallelic genetic marker resulting from twoSLC6A4promoter region polymorphisms, 5-HTTLPR and rs25531, was analysed for association with MDD and quantitative traits.ResultsHealthy controls had a smaller relative hippocampal volume (relative to brain size) but a larger total brain volume compared with patients with MDD. For patients compared with healthy controls, atrophy was found in the right temporal lobe and pons medulla. Allele and genotype frequencies were strikingly different from the previous study that we aimed to replicate, and no significant associations with the serotonin transporter polymorphism were found.ConclusionsThe present quantitative and morphometric MRI study was not able to replicate the previous finding of association between reduced hippocampal volume in depressed patients and the serotonin transporter polymorphism.
The Falkland Islands referendum 2013
Authors: Dodds Klaus , Pinkerton Alasdair 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis note considers the 10–11th March 2013 Falkland Islands referendum. As accredited observers, the authors were granted access not only to the work of the international observation mission but also the actual organisation of the referendum itself. The background to the referendum is explained and thereafter the result and longer-term significance is considered. Notwithstanding Argentine opposition to the referendum, the latter was widely considered within the Falkland Islands and beyond to be the most significant event since the 1982 South Atlantic conflict.
Mind the gap: detection and traversability analysis of terrain gaps using LIDAR for safe robot navigation
Authors: Sinha Arnab , Papadakis Panagiotis 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYSafe navigation of robotic vehicles is considered as a key pre-requisite of successful mission operations within highly adverse and unconstrained environments. While there has been extensive research in the perception of positive obstacles, little progress can be accredited to the field of negative obstacles. This paper hypostatizes an elaborative attempt to address the problem of negative obstacle detection and traversability analysis in the form of gaps by processing 3-dimensional range data. The domain of application concerns Urban Search and Rescue scenarios that reflect environments of increased complexity in terms of diverse terrain irregularities. To allow real-time performance and, in turn, timely prevention of unrecoverable robotic states, the proposed approach is based on the application of efficient image morphological operations for noise reduction and border following the detection and grouping of gaps. Furthermore, we reason about gap traversability, a concept that is novel within the field. Traversability assessments are based on features extracted through Principal Component Analysis by exploring the spatial distribution of the interior of the individual gaps or the orientation distribution of the corresponding contour. The proposed approach is evaluated within a realistic scenario of a tunnel car accident site and a challenging outdoor scenario. Using a contemporary Search and Rescue robot, we have performed extensive experiments under various parameter settings that allowed the robot to always detect the real gaps, and either optimally cross over those that were traversable or otherwise avoid them.
Dynamic multi-priority control in redundant robotic systems
Authors: Sadeghian Hamid , Villani Luigi , Keshmiri Mehdi , Siciliano Bruno 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a dynamic-level control algorithm to meet simultaneously multiple desired tasks based on allocated priorities for redundant robotic systems. It is shown that this algorithm can be treated as a general framework to achieve control over the whole body of the robot. The control law is an extension of the well-known acceleration-based control to the redundant robots, and considers also possible interactions with the environment occurring at any point of the robot body. The stability of this algorithm is shown and some of the previously developed results are formulated using this approach. To handle the interaction on robot body, null space impedance control is developed within the multi-priority framework. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is evaluated by means of computer simulation.