bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contamination status and health risk assessment of trace elements in foodstuffs collected from the Buriganga River embankments, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Faysal Elahi , Jolly Yeasmin Nahar , Islam GM Rabiul , Akhter Shirin , Kabir Jamiul 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Unsafe food consumption is a severe problem because of heavy metal contamination, which is caused by director indirect activities of industries. The present study was conducted to assess the risk of human health by Heavy metals (Cu, Co, Fe, Zn and Mn) through the intake of vegetables and fishes obtained from the area adjacent to the Hazaribag tannery campus, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Result
The trend of mean metal concentration in Buriganga river water was Fe >Mn > Zn > Cu > Co and according to Department of Environment, Dhaka Bangladesh (DoE) (1999) the value of the above metals are within the permissible limit of irrigation water except Fe. An assessment of risk involved due to consumption of contaminated food also calculated. The trend of metals in vegetables was Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Co and in fishes the trend was Fe > Zn >Mn > Co > Cu. Accumulation of trace elements in vegetables was lower than maximum tolerable levels proposed by FAO/WHO food standard programme (2001) with the exception of Fe and Co respectively. In fishes metal concentration was lower than safe limit set by WHO (1989) except Mn. The Metal Pollution Index (MPI) for all the foodstuffs showed a higher value, however the calculated Health Risk Index (HRI) indicated no risk to human health upon consumption of those foodstuffs.

Conclusion
The overall study suggests that foodstuff in the area were contaminated by the assayed metals and long-term consumption can cause potential health risks to consumers.
Mental and physical illness in caregivers: results from an
English national survey sample
Authors: Smith Lindsay , Onwumere Juliana , Craig Tom , McManus Sally , Bebbington Paul , Kuipers Elizabeth 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundCaregivers make a significant and growing contribution to the social and
medical care of people with long-standing disorders. The effective
provision of this care is dependent on their own continuing health.AimsTo investigate the relationship between weekly time spent caregiving and
psychiatric and physical morbidity in a representative sample of the
population of England.MethodPrimary outcome measures were obtained from the Adult Psychiatric
Morbidity Survey 2007. Self-report measures of mental and physical health
were used, along with total symptom scores for common mental disorder
derived from the Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised.ResultsIn total, 25% (n = 1883) of the sample identified
themselves as caregivers. They had poorer mental health and higher
psychiatric symptom scores than non-caregivers. There was an observable
decline in mental health above 10 h per week. A twofold increase in
psychiatric symptom scores in the clinical range was recorded in those
providing care for more than 20 h per week. In adjusted analyses, there
was no excess of physical disorders in caregivers.ConclusionsWe found strong evidence that caregiving affects the mental health of
caregivers. Distress frequently reaches clinical thresholds, particularly
in those providing most care. Strategies for maintaining the mental
health of caregivers are needed, particularly as demographic changes are
set to increase involvement in caregiving roles.
Behavioural and psychiatric symptoms in people with dementia admitted to the acute hospital: prospective cohort study
Authors: Sampson Elizabeth L. , White Nicola , Leurent Baptiste , Scott Sharon , Lord Kathryn , Round Jeff , Jones Louise 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundDementia is common in older people admitted to acute hospitals. There are concerns about the quality of care they receive. Behavioural and psychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD) seem to be particularly challenging for hospital staff.AimsTo define the prevalence of BPSD and explore their clinical associations.MethodLongitudinal cohort study of 230 people with dementia, aged over 70, admitted to hospital for acute medical illness, and assessed for BPSD at admission and every 4 (±1) days until discharge. Other measures included length of stay, care quality indicators, adverse events and mortality.ResultsParticipants were very impaired; 46% at Functional Assessment Staging Scale (FAST) stage 6d or above (doubly incontinent), 75% had BPSD, and 43% had some BPSD that were moderately/severely troubling to staff. Most common were aggression (57%), activity disturbance (44%), sleep disturbance (42%) and anxiety (35%).ConclusionsWe found that BPSD are very common in older people admitted to an acute hospital. Patients and staff would benefit from more specialist psychiatric support.
Ghrelin Induces Leptin Resistance by Activation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Expression in Male Rats: Implications in Satiety Regulation
Authors: Heldsinger Andrea , Grabauskas Gintautas , Wu Xiaoyin , Zhou ShiYi , Lu Yuanxu , Song Il , Owyang Chung 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The anorexigenic adipocyte-derived hormone leptin and the orexigenic hormone ghrelin act in opposition to regulate feeding behavior via the vagal afferent pathways. The mechanisms by which ghrelin exerts its inhibitory effects on leptin are unknown. We hypothesized that ghrelin activates the exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac), inducing increased SOCS3 expression, which negatively affects leptin signal transduction and neuronal firing in nodose ganglia (NG) neurons. We showed that 91 ± 3% of leptin receptor (LRb) –bearing neurons contained ghrelin receptors (GHS-R1a) and that ghrelin significantly inhibited leptin-stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation in rat NG neurons. Studies of the signaling cascades used by ghrelin showed that ghrelin caused a significant increase in Epac and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression in cultured rat NG neurons. Transient transfection of cultured NG neurons to silence SOCS3 and Epac genes reversed the inhibitory effects of ghrelin on leptin-stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation. Patch-clamp studies and recordings of single neuronal discharges of vagal primary afferent neurons showed that ghrelin markedly inhibited leptin-stimulated neuronal firing, an action abolished by silencing SOCS3 expression in NG. Plasma ghrelin levels increased significantly during fasting. This was accompanied by enhanced SOCS3 expression in the NG and prevented by treatment with a ghrelin antagonist. Feeding studies showed that silencing SOCS3 expression in the NG reduced food intake evoked by endogenous leptin. We conclude that ghrelin exerts its inhibitory effects on leptin-stimulated neuronal firing by increasing SOCS3 expression. The SOCS3 signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in ghrelin's inhibitory effect on STAT3 phosphorylation, neuronal firing, and feeding behavior.
Developmental Programming: Prenatal Steroid Excess Disrupts Key Members of Intraovarian Steroidogenic Pathway in Sheep
Authors: Padmanabhan Vasantha , Salvetti Natalia R. , Matiller Valentina , Ortega Hugo H. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (T) excess disrupts ovarian cyclicity and increases circulating estradiol levels as well as follicular recruitment and persistence culminating in multifollicular ovary similar to women with polycystic ovary syndrome. We tested whether prenatal T excess, by androgenic or estrogenic action, disrupts the steroid biosynthetic machinery in sheep in a cell-, follicle stage-, age-, and treatment-specific manner consistent with the ovarian disruptions and increased estradiol release. Impact of T/dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatments from days 30–90 of gestation on steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, cytochrome P-450 17α-hydroxylase/C17, 20-lyase (CYP17A1), and cytochrome P-450 aromatase (CYP19A1) were examined on fetal day 90, 140 and 10 months (postpubertal), and 21 months (adult, no DHT group) of age by immunohistochemistry. All 4 markers changed in a cell-, follicle stage-, and age-specific manner. Both treatments increased steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in preantral follicles of postpubertal and adult females. Effects of prenatal T and DHT on 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase differed in a follicle- and age-specific manner. CYP17A1 was reduced in the theca interna of antral follicles by T, but not DHT, in 10- and 21-month-old females. CYP19A1 was reduced by both T and DHT at all ages barring an increase on fetal day 140. Reduced granulosa CYP19A1 and thecal CYP17A1 in adults likely disrupt the intrafollicular androgen/estrogen balance contributing to follicular persistence. The reduced thecal CYP17A1 expression suggests that the hyperandrogenic ovarian phenotype may originate from increased enzyme activity or alternatively via a different isoform of CYP17. The reduced CYP19A1 in antral follicles of adults indicates that the increased circulating estradiol release likely arises from the increased number of persisting follicles.
Symmetric Urea-catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition of Thiols to β-Nitrostyrenes
Authors: Kawazoe Souichirou , Yoshida Kazuki , Shimazaki Yuichi , Oriyama Takeshi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Several pyrrolidine- and piperidine-based organocatalysts were evaluated for the asymmetric Michael addition of thiols to β-nitrostyrenes. We found a structure–activity relationship between the catalyst and a higher catalytic activity for 1,3-bis[(3R,4S)-1-benzyl-4-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl]urea.
Explain your data by Concept Profile Analysis Web Services
Authors: Hettne Kristina , van Schouwen Reinout , Mina Eleni , van der Horst Eelke , Thompson Mark , Kaliyaperumal Rajaram , Mons Barend , van Mulligen Erik , Kors Jan A. , Roos Marco 
Published: July 2014

The Concept Profile Analysis technology (overlapping co-occurring concept sets based on knowledge contained in biomedical abstracts) has led to new biomedical discoveries, and users have been able to interact with concept profiles through the interactive tool “Anni” (http://biosemantics.org/anni). However, Anni provides no way for users to save their procedures, results, or related provenance. Here we present a new suite of Web Service operations that allows bioinformaticians to design and execute their own Concept Profile Analysis workflow, possibly as part of a larger bioinformatics analysis. The source code can be downloaded from ZENODO at http://www.dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10963.
Palliative care staff's perceptions of do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation discussions
Authors: Low Catherine , Finucane Anne , Mason Bruce , Spiller Juliet 
Published: July 2014

Background: Do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) decisions aim to prevent unwanted and/or clinically inappropriate CPR attempts. As the NHS Scotland DNACPR policy has become embedded into clinical practice there has been greater awareness of the need to discuss DNACPR decisions with patients who would not benefit from CPR; however, little is known about how nursing and medical staff experience these discussions. Aim: This study aimed to explore clinician experiences of discussing DNACPR decisions with patients in a Scottish specialist palliative care inpatient and community setting. Method: Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were held with 11 specialist palliative care clinicians. These were transcribed and thematic analysis was undertaken. Results: The clinicians found DNACPR discussions challenging and experienced anxiety before discussions took place. They found it most appropriate to discuss DNACPR in the context of wider end-of-life discussions and in response to patient triggers. Patient–clinician relationships were complex and could make the conversation easier or more difficult. Negative patient reactions were rare and discussions were thought to provide some patients with a sense of relief. Conclusion: The clinicians reported finding DNACPR discussions worthwhile and that they continue to discuss DNACPR decisions with patients despite the challenges. Recommendations for discussing DNACPR with patients are outlined.
Work engagement and attitudes toward caring for dying patients and families among home-visiting nurses in Japan
Authors: Mahiro Sakai , Takashi Naruse , Satoko Nagata 
Published: July 2014

Background: Nurses with higher levels of work engagement tend to be highly efficient in their work and more willing to keep working and to provide patient-centred care. However, whether more engaged nurses provide end-of-life care more proactively has not been examined in the home-care setting. Aim: This study aimed to examine work engagement among home-visiting nurses in Japan and its relationship with their attitudes toward caring for dying patients and their families. Methods: A total of 343 nurses working in 62 agencies across Chiba prefecture, eastern Japan, received an anonymous self-administered questionnaire from July to August 2012. The authors performed multiple regression analysis to explore the relationships between home-visiting nurses’ work engagement and attitudes. Results: Data from 184 nurses (53.6%) was analysed. Work engagement was significantly positively related to the nurses’ attitudes toward caring for dying patients and their families. Conclusion: As more engaged nurses tend to have more positive attitudes toward caring for dying patients and their families, further research is needed to identify the factors that might help nursing managers to enhance their staff's engagement and perhaps thereby improve their attitudes, with the ultimate aim of achieving better outcomes for patients and families.
Perceptions of people with multiple sclerosis on the effect and comfort of two different textured insoles: A qualitative study
Authors: Baron YJ , Robinson J , Gamesby-Iyayi H , Hodgson D , Hatton D , Warnett R , Rome K , Dixon J , Martin D 
Published: July 2014

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer from progressive impairment of gait and balance. One of the causal factors is reduced plantar sensation. Pilot studies indicate that textured insoles may improve gait and balance by way of enhanced plantar tactile stimulation. However, no studies have reported subjective outcomes, which could provide significant information regarding the acceptance of textured insoles and their effect on psychological wellbeing. This study aimed to report the subjective experience of participants with MS when they wore insoles with two different textures. Methods: A within-subjects experimental design was used with two insole textures. Forty six participants were recruited (12 males, 34 females, mean age 49.1 years, SD=6.83). Participants were randomly allocated to one of the two textured insole types, which they wore for 2 weeks. They then took part in individual semi-structured interviews about their experience of wearing the insoles. Their answers were coded using thematic analysis to identify key themes. Results: The same themes emerged in both texture groups. Two key themes were identified: insole comfort and efficacy. Individual participants responded to the same texture in different ways; the perception of comfort was highly individual, as was insole acceptability. Perception of efficacy influenced acceptability, with participants more likely to wear the insoles if they thought they were beneficial. In several cases, confidence in mobility increased during insole use. Conclusions: Textured insoles have therapeutic potential in an MS population in regard to improving mobility confidence. However, their acceptability is highly individual so generalisations about their efficacy are difficult to make. Their acceptability and efficacy appear to be linked with a perception of benefit. The perception that they are beneficial encourages participants to wear the insoles and they are more likely to experience increased confidence. Implications: Textured insoles could provide a simple, inexpensive intervention to help people with MS maintain function and independence, thus enhancing quality of life. However, there is likely to be considerable individual variability regarding subjective outcomes.
Rehabilitation needs change with time after orthopaedic major trauma
Authors: Claydon JH , Fearon PF , Gray AC , Wilkinson L , Aldridge SE 
Published: July 2014

Background: To comply with the Best Practice Tariff for Major Trauma, rehabilitation prescriptions are completed for patients with an Injury Severity Score above 8, which covers a broader, previously-undefined population. This project uses the rehabilitation prescription to define the characteristics and rehabilitation needs of the orthopaedic major trauma population. Methods: A total of 336 patients with orthopaedic major trauma had an initial rehabilitation prescription completed in 1 year. Over a 7-month period, 143 of these patients were clinically assessed by a trauma rehabilitation specialist physiotherapist. Demographic data and rehabilitation needs identified from initial and follow-up rehabilitation prescriptions were recorded and analysed. Results: Orthopaedic injuries affect the largest number of major trauma patients (n=336/692). Falls (30%) and road accidents (29%) are the most common mechanisms of trauma for patients of all ages (mean 55.6 years). At initial assessment, mobility (97%), pain (95%), and independence with activities of daily living (IADL) (79%) were the most prevalent rehabilitation needs identified. Five months after injury, patients had a reduced rehabilitation need for mobility (60%), IADL (30%), and pain (27%). The need for psychological support increased from 2% to 22%, while vocational needs remained stable (initial 29%, review 26%). Difficulties with mood were first identified at the review stage in 94% of cases. Of patients who were reassessed, 48% had unmet rehabilitation needs requiring referral to physiotherapy (25%), health psychology (13%), and orthopaedic review (6%). Conclusions: Rehabilitation from orthopaedic major trauma continues beyond the acute hospital admission. Mobility, pain and IADL are most affected by injury, and mobility problems can persist for many months after injury. Rehabilitation needs can change, with difficulties managing emotions developing over time. Physiotherapists play a lead role in addressing the most frequent rehabilitation needs, but patients need multidisciplinary support, including health psychology and pain specialists, to meet their ongoing rehabilitation needs. Implications: Orthopaedic major trauma patients require access to specialist multidisciplinary rehabilitation throughout their recovery journey. Reassessment of the rehabilitation prescription is necessary to evaluate an individual's changing rehabilitation needs and improve access to appropriate professionals.
A comparison of three search strategies to establish which approach was most effective in identifying trials for inclusion
Authors: Davies L , Minns Lowe CJ , Barker KL 
Published: July 2014

Background: The identification of randomised clinical trials for inclusion in systematic reviews has been challenging and laborious in the past. Many physiotherapy journals were not included in databases and resources such as PubMed and not all trials were registered. Multifaceted approaches, including searching multiple databases and hand searches of journals and conference proceedings, were often required. The recent updating of an earlier systematic review provided the opportunity to explore different approaches to search for trials. This report aims to compare three search strategies to identify which was most effective in identifying trials for inclusion in the review. Methods: Three search approaches were used to identify trials for a review evaluating physiotherapy exercise following discharge from hospital following hip arthroplasty. Date limitations were set from 2007 to November 2013. Approach 1: replicated the earlier multifaceted 2007 strategy 1, which searched databases using multiple search term combinations and hand searched journals and proceedings. Approach 2: was a librarian-led, online search of health databases. Approach 3: was a researcher-led, PubMed advanced search. The Cochrane library, BioMed Central (BMC), King's Fund, the Department of Health National Research Register and the ClinicalTRIALS.gov register were also searched. The search strategies were evaluated by search time and identification of trials that were included in the systematic review. Results: All three searches identified the articles included in the updated review, but 3 346 articles were screened using approach 1 395 in approach 2, and 1 450 in approach 3. Although the librarian-led strategy took longer to set up, the findings were more concise and the fewer articles took less time to screen. Trials registers identified ongoing studies but no new data for the review. Conclusions: Many physiotherapy journals are now included in PubMed. The librarian-led search was the most efficient and is recommended. If a librarian is unavailable, a PubMed advanced search is another effective, if more time consuming, option for anyone wanting to identify physiotherapy clinical trials. Implications: Physiotherapy trials from 2007 were identified using PubMed and online librarian-led searches meaning previously time-consuming, multifaceted search strategies may no longer be necessary to identify trials.
UK university students’ awareness of stroke early warning signs and the FAST campaign
Authors: Dance R , Kennedy N 
Published: July 2014

Background: The UK FAST (face, arm, speech, time) campaign aimed to increase awareness of stroke early warning signs (EWS) and the need to call 999. Research is needed to investigate the impact of this campaign among UK allied health professional (AHP) students and university students in general. Methods: Ethical approval was obtained from the university. A sample of 291 university students completed an online pilot questionnaire. Data regarding awareness of EWS, thrombolysis, the FAST campaign and the need to call 999 were collected, coded and analysed using descriptive statistics and independent sample t tests, a Mann-Whitney U test and multiple regression analyses. Results: Two thirds of students were aware of the FAST campaign, and the majority could name all four letters (48%). Overall, 62% could name 3 EWS and 94% knew to call 999. Awareness of the FAST campaign, being aged over 20 years and awareness of thrombolysis were significant predictors of greater EWS knowledge (P<0.001); however, firstaid training and personal experience of stroke were not. AHP students had significantly greater stroke awareness compared to non-AHP students. Conclusions: This study reports fairly good knowledge of stroke, suggesting the FAST campaign appears to have been somewhat successful in raising awareness within this sample. Opportunities exist for further development of knowledge, particularly the breadth of EWS known by AHP students. Implications: Stroke education in this population needs to be developed further to ensure sufficient knowledge as future potential bystanders and for AHP students as future healthcare professionals. Further research is warranted.