bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human pharmaceuticals in the marine environment: Focus on exposure and biological effects in animal species
Authors: Fabbri Elena , Franzellitti Silvia 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Marine waters have been poorly investigated for the occurrence of pharmaceutical contamination. Recent data confirm that pharmaceuticals occur widely in marine and coastal environments; therefore, assessment of potential risk to marine species needs further efforts. The present study represents the first extensive review of pharmaceutical contamination in marine environments addressing the effects on the marine biota analyzed at the molecular, cellular, and individual levels. Because pharmaceuticals differ from conventional pollutants, being designed to interact with specific physiological pathways at low doses, the most recent evidence on modes of action and physiological alterations on marine animal species are discussed. Data on spatial distributions of pharmaceuticals in waters and sediments, as well as bioaccumulation rates, are also presented. The present review also seeks to expand knowledge of how the quality of coastal and marine environments could be efficiently monitored to anticipate possible health and environmental risks. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:799–812. © 2015 SETAC
Attenuation of dendritic spine density in the perirhinal cortex following 17β‐Estradiol replacement in the rat
Authors: Gervais Nicole J. , Mumby Dave G. , Brake Wayne G. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIntraperirhinal cortex infusion of 17‐β estradiol (E2) impairs object‐recognition memory. However, it is not currently known whether this hormone modulates synaptic plasticity in this structure. Most excitatory synapses in the central nervous system are located on dendritic spines, and elevated E2 levels influence the density of these spines in several brain areas. The goal of the present study was to determine whether differences in dendritic spine density in the perirhinal cortex are observed following high E2 replacement in ovariectomized rats. The density of total spines, and mushroom‐shaped (i.e. mature) spines were compared between a high E2 replacement (10 µg/kg/day, s.c.) and a no replacement condition. The perirhinal cortex is subdivided into Broadmann's area 35 and 36 and so group comparisons were made within each sub‐region separately. High E2 replacement resulted in lower density of mushroom‐shaped spines in area 35 relative to no replacement. There was no effect of high E2 replacement on dendritic spine density in area 36. These findings are consistent with the idea that higher E2 levels reduce dendritic spine density in area 35, which may result from spine shrinkage, or reduced synapse formation. This study provides preliminary evidence for a mechanism through which E2 may impair object‐recognition memory. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Groundwater and surface water influences on streamflow in a mesoscale Precambrian Shield catchment
Authors: Mountain Nathan , James April Lynda , Chutko Krystopher 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHydrologic research has increasingly recognized the importance of mesoscale studies to provide a fundamental understanding of how processes combine at scales relevant to water resource management. At the mesoscale, the influence of landscape heterogeneity including both natural and human‐altered conditions on streamflow generation is an open question, one to which analysis of stable water isotopes (SWI) is increasingly being applied. In this study, SWI surveys are used to better understand spatial and temporal patterns of source‐water contributions to streamflow in the Wistiwasing watershed (235 km2) located near Callander Bay, Ontario, Canada, a Precambrian Shield headwater with mixed landuse (e.g. agriculture, forest). Biweekly surveys of surface water, groundwater and precipitation were conducted during May to September 2012, and samples were analysed for SWI (δ18O and δ2H) using a Picarro L2120‐i. Maps of point‐scale surface water SWI were generated for each of the nine surveys, and an SWI isoscape, an interpolated contour map, was generated from groundwater observations. Based on a comparison of surface and groundwater SWI maps, regions of strong groundwater influence on streamflow were particularly identifiable during low‐flow, late‐summer conditions and corresponded with coarse‐textured glaciolacustrine deposits. Higher‐flow, early‐period conditions featured small SWI variation with values resembling long‐term groundwater recharge, a mix of snowmelt and spring/fall rains. Late‐period, low‐flow conditions indicated large spatial variability due to changing influences of groundwater and upstream surface water undergoing summertime evaporative enrichment of heavier isotopes. In this case study, SWI observations provide important insight into source‐water dynamics across a mesoscale watershed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of intraocular lenses with fibronectin and human lens epithelial cells: Effect of chemical composition and aging
Authors: Tortolano Lionel , Serrano Carole , Jubeli Emile , Saunier Johanna , Yagoubi Najet 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate in vitro interactions between hydrophobic acrylate intraocular lenses (IOLs) and their biological environment. The influence of lens chemical composition and aging on fibronectin (FN) adsorption and on IOLs cytotoxicity on human lens epithelial cells was examined. Cytotoxicity of acrylate monomers used in IOLs manufacture was also investigated. Four different IOLs were included in the study: Acrysof®, Tecnis®, EnVista®, and iSert®. Implants were artificially aged in a xenon arc chamber to simulate 2 years of light exposure. Fibronectin adsorption on IOL surface was quantified using ELISA and correlated to surface roughness determined with AFM. Direct contact cytotoxicity was determined with the MTT assay and cell morphology was observed with light microscopy. Results showed that fibronectin adsorption did not differ significantly among IOLs, whatever their chemical composition. Moreover, aging conditions did not impact fibronectin adsorption. All IOLs were biocompatible even after applying 2‐year aging conditions, with cell viability higher than 70%. Five acrylate monomers appeared to be toxic in the range of concentrations tested, but no monomer release from the IOLs could be detected during accelerated 2‐year incubation with saline solution. This study did not reveal an influence of chemical composition and aging on protein adsorption and on biocompatibility. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3843–3851, 2015.
The Paradoxical Effects of AMPK on Insulin Gene Expression and Glucose‐Induced Insulin Secretion
Authors: Kim Ji‐Won , You Young‐Hye , Ham Dong‐Sik , Yang Hae Kyung , Yoon Kun‐Ho 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to repress the expression of the insulin gene and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). However, the mechanisms by which this occurs, as well as the effects of AMPK activation on glucolipotoxicity‐induced β‐cell dysfunction, have not been elucidated. To investigate the effects of 5‐amino‐4‐imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptorγ‐coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α) on β‐cell‐specific genes under glucolipotoxic conditions, we performed real‐time PCR and measured insulin secretion by primary islets. To study these effects in vivo, we administered AICAR for 10 days (1 mg/g body weight) to 90% pancreatectomized hyperglycemic mice. The exposure of isolated rat and human islets to glucolipotoxic conditions and the overexpression of PGC‐1α suppressed insulin and NEUROD1 mRNA expression. However, the expression of these genes was preserved by AICAR treatment and by PGC‐1α inhibition. Exposure of isolated islets to glucolipotoxic conditions for 3 days decreased GSIS, which was also well maintained by AICAR treatment and by PGC‐1α inhibition. The administration of AICAR to 90% pancreatectomized hyperglycemic mice improved glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. These results indicate that treatment of islets with an AMPK agonist under glucolipotoxic conditions protects against glucolipotoxicity‐induced β‐cell dysfunction. A better understanding of the functions of molecules such as PGC‐1α and AMPK, which play key roles in intracellular fuel regulation, could herald a new era for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by providing protection against glucolipotoxicity. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 239–246, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Real‐time and on‐line monitoring of morphological cell parameters using electrical impedance spectroscopy measurements
Authors: Sarró Enric , Lecina Martí , Fontova Andreu , Gòdia Francesc , Bragós Ramon , Cairó Jordi J 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcquisition of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements enables one to obtain information about the features of cell cultures, which can be applied for real‐time and on‐line monitoring purposes.RESULTSImpedance measurements were carried out in three different cell specimens with different sizes and shapes (Vero cells, hybridoma and Escherichia coli) at different stages of cell culture, as well as during a controlled detachment process of an adherent animal cell line. The relaxation spectra obtained were fitted to a Cole impedance model and the corresponding parameters analyzed. The use of a four‐electrodes measurement system decreased the dependency on the electrode interface's impedance, and thus resulted in a system more sensitive to the cell features. The EIS monitoring of different cultures expansion showed the expected inverse proportional relationship between the central relaxation frequency and the cell cross‐sectional area. The morphological changes of fibroblast cells during the detachment processes were also studied. Interestingly, EIS displayed the proportional relationship between the α parameter of the Cole impedance model and the cell shape dispersion from spherical morphology (considering spherical shape ideality).CONCLUSIONThe results obtained reveal the potential for developing a real‐time monitoring tool for cell morphology features such as cell size and shape, which are involved in many cellular processes like cell expansion, differentiation, cell attachment or cell death. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The Creative Pathways of Everyday Life
Authors: Tanggaard Lene 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper presents two studies of how the conduct of life in itself can be a creative act. Very often, creativity research is concerned with the study of what enables people to express themselves creatively or aesthetically or to produce creative ideas and products. Creativity as it arises in the mundane processes of everyday life is, however, seldom highlighted by researchers working explicitly on creativity. The premise of the present paper is that a focus on everyday life can help us understand creative processes in broader terms. I “creative pathways” may serve as a useful term for researchers interested in the simultaneous development of persons and social practices. Pathways are created in ordinary life; their formation may involve creativity and the improvisational co‐creation of opportunities for action. Studying pathways may therefore direct creativity researchers toward the potentials of creativity in daily life and shed light of the processes of creativity. Creative pathways are present in existing ways of moving and doing things; they are also created in the here‐and‐now by persons acting in correspondence with the affordances in social practices. A focus on creative pathways is consistent with recent research calling for more process orientation and an explicit focus on materiality and social practices.
An assessment of various measures of soil phosphorus and the net accumulation of phosphorus in fertilized soils under pasture
Authors: McLaren Timothy I. , Simpson Richard J. , McLaughlin Michael J. , Smernik Ronald J. , McBeath Therese M. , Guppy Christopher N. , Richardson Alan E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPhosphorus fertilizer use efficiency of pastures is often low because P accumulates in soils as sparingly‐available forms of inorganic and organic P. The aim of this study was to use sequential chemical fractionation to identify which forms of P have accumulated in soil under permanent pasture from a medium‐term (13 y) field experiment. Treatments included an unfertilized pasture (P0), and treatments designed to maintain soil P fertility at near ‘optimum' (P1) and ‘supra‐optimum' (P2) levels for pasture growth; all levels of soil P fertility were continuously grazed with either a moderate or high stocking rate (SR09 and SR18). Summed concentrations of extractable inorganic and organic P, and residual P (i.e., non‐extractable P) accounted for 20, 31, and 49% of total soil P (as determined by laboratory X‐ray fluorescence), respectively, across all surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface (10–20 cm) soil layers. A large proportion of extractable inorganic and organic P was contained in the NaHCO3 and NaOH soluble fractions across all surface soil layers, and these fractions were also the most important sinks for fertilizer P. The accumulation of organic P appeared to plateau with increasing fertilizer addition, whereas inorganic P continued to increase. The majority of the P that had been applied as fertilizer (70%) was recovered in the surface soil layer (0–10 cm). Approx. 31 and 30% of the added P was recovered in the summed concentrations of extractable inorganic and organic P, respectively, of the surface soil layer at the optimum (P1) agronomic level of soil P fertility.
Kinetics of inorganic and organic phosphorus release influenced by low molecular weight organic acids in calcareous, neutral and acidic soils
Authors: Wang Yongzhuang , Chen Xin , Whalen Joann K. , Cao Yanhong , Quan Zhi , Lu Caiyan , Shi Yi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLow molecular weight organic acids exuded by plants roots enhance inorganic Pi release into soil solution and thereby increases plant‐available Pi in soils. Low molecular weight organic acids may also induce organic P (Po) release into soil solution, but kinetics of both Pi and Po displacement from the soil matrix into soil solution of agricultural soils is poorly understood, and the mechanism for Po release is not well explained. This study used kinetic experiments to determine the concentrations and release rates of Pi and Po induced by oxalic acid, citric acid, and malic acid in calcareous, neutral and acidic soils. Kinetic data were well described by Elovich (r2 = 0.801–0.993, P < 0.001) and power functions models (r2 = 0.721–0.977, P < 0.001). Low molecular weight organic acids at 10 mmol kg−1 soil induced the exponential release of both Pi and Po, which reached a plateau approx. 480– 2,880 min after the start of the experiment. Cumulative Po release induced by low molecular weight organic acids was ranked as oxalic acid (0.63–3.17 mg kg−1) > citric acid (0.61–2.82 mg kg−1) > malic acid (0.52–1.76 mg kg−1) and mainly resulted from the release of labile Po (NaHCO3‐Po) regardless of soil type. By contrast, oxalic acid was most effective in enhancing Pi release from the HCl‐Pi (Ca‐Pi) fraction of the calcareous soil, and citric acid was most effective in releasing Pi from the NaOH‐Pi (Fe/Al‐Pi) fraction of the neutral and acidic soils. Therefore, the mechanism for the kinetics of Po release induced by low molecular weight organic acids is ascribed to their ability to mobilize the labile Po (NaHCO3‐Po) rather than their ability to chelate cations (i.e., Fe3+, Al3+) bound to Po in soil.
Intracellular synthesis of glutamic acid in Bacillus methylotrophicusSK19.001, a glutamate‐independent poly(γ‐glutamic acid)‐producing strain
Authors: Peng Yingyun , Zhang Tao , Mu Wanmeng , Miao Ming , Jiang Bo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacillus methylotrophicus SK19.001 is a glutamate‐independent strain that produces poly(γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA), a polymer of d‐ and l‐glutamic acids that possesses applications in food, the environment, agriculture, etc. This study was undertaken to explore the synthetic pathway of intracellular l‐ and d‐glutamic acid in SK19.001 by investigating the effects of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and different amino acids as metabolic precursors on the production of γ‐PGA and analyzing the activities of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of l‐ and d‐glutamate.RESULTSTricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and amino acids could participate in the synthesis of γ‐PGA via independent pathways in SK19.001. l‐Aspartate aminotransferase, l‐glutaminase and l‐glutamate synthase were the enzymatic sources of l‐glutamate. Glutamate racemase was responsible for the formation of d‐glutamate for the synthesis of γ‐PGA, and the synthetase had stereoselectivity for glutamate substrate.CONCLUSIONThe enzymatic sources of l‐glutamate were investigated for the first time in the glutamate‐independent γ‐PGA‐producing strain, and multiple enzymatic sources of l‐glutamate were verified in SK19.001, which will benefit efforts to improve production of γ‐PGA with metabolic engineering strategies. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential use of microwave treatment on fresh‐cut carrots: physical, chemical and microbiological aspects
Authors: Martínez‐Hernández Ginés Benito , Amodio Maria Luisa , Colelli Giancarlo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of microwave treatments (900 and 750 W for 45 and 60 s) on the microbial, physicochemical and sensory properties of fresh‐cut carrot slices and the contents of several bioactive compounds was studied. Carrot samples were stored for 7 days at 5 °C.RESULTSThe microwaving of fresh‐cut carrots reduced the initial respiration rate (8.6 CO2 mL kg−1 h−1) by 55–74% compared with untreated samples, although the rates then increased during storage. The initial pH (6.7), titratable acidity (0.036%), soluble solid content (8.2 °Brix) and shelf‐life of the samples did not differ greatly from those of the untreated samples. Microwaving prevented the incipient whitening and surface dryness during storage. In general, no significant changes in phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity (5.5 µmol t‐cinnamic acid kg−1 h−1), total phenolics (TP, 81.3 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent kg−1 fresh weight (FW)) or total antioxidant capacity (TAC, 74.2 µmol Trolox equivalent kg−1 FW) were observed on the processing day or over storage. However, the mildest treatment (750 W for 45 s) caused TP and TAC enhancements of 118 and 394% respectively after 7 days of shelf‐life. Microwave treatments reduced the initial microbial loads of the samples by up to 1.8 log units, although their microbial growth was greater than that of the untreated samples throughout storage.CONCLUSIONMild microwave treatments such as 750 W/45 s and 750 W/60 s are a good sustainable alternative to the use of NaOCl; however, combining them with other sanitizing techniques is needed to control microbial growth throughout the shelf‐life of fresh‐cut carrot slices. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Migraine features in patients with Meniere's disease
Authors: Ghavami Yaser , Mahboubi Hossein , Yau Amy Y. , Maducdoc Marlon , Djalilian Hamid R. 
Published: June 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo better understand the features of migraine in Meniere's disease (MD).Study DesignRetrospective review of prospectively obtained surveys in an outpatient clinic of a tertiary medical center.MethodsDetailed questionnaires on headaches and dizziness were given to consecutive patients presenting with dizziness. The responses were verified by the clinician with the patient. The data, in addition to the clinical history and audiogram, were used to diagnose patients with migraine headaches and MD using criteria set by the International Headache Society (IHS) and the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, respectively. The prevalence of migraine‐like symptoms in those patients with MD, who did not fit the diagnostic criteria for migraine, was evaluated.ResultsThirty‐seven patients with definite MD were included. There was a predominance of females (female/male:26/11). Mean age of patients was 52 ± 14 years. Nineteen patients (51%) had migraine headaches. Fifteen patients fulfilled the criteria for definite vestibular migraine. Of those who did not fulfill the IHS migraine criteria, a majority had characteristics such as a family history of migraine, visual motion sensitivity, or lifelong motion sickness that were highly suggestive of a migraine disorder.ConclusionsA majority of patients with MD have migraine headaches as defined by the IHS. Sensitivity to visual motion, light and sound, head motion, smells, weather changes, or medication was present in 95% of all patients with definite MD and 82% of non‐IHS migraine MD patients. This may suggest that MD may be an atypical variant of migraine.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:163–168, 2016
Evidence‐based management of the thyroid gland during a total laryngectomy
Authors: Gorphe Philippe , Ben Lakhdar Aïcha , Tao Yungan , Breuskin Ingrid , Janot François , Temam Stéphane 
Published: June 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo propose an original experience‐based reference framework for the management of the thyroid gland during a total laryngectomy in our institution. The steps were based on 1) the incidence and patterns of thyroid gland invasion (TGI), 2) preoperative and pathologic factors associated with TGI, and 3) the relationship between TGI and oncologic efficacy endpoints after treatment.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsWe reviewed the records of 182 patients who had undergone a total laryngectomy with a total thyroidectomy or loboisthmectomy in our center.ResultsAmong 23 patients (12.6%), the thyroid gland was directly invaded by disease in 22 and by metastasis in one. Subglottic primary site was the only preoperative factor associated (P =.03). TGI was associated with pathological signs of anterior extralaryngeal invasive disease (thyroid cartilage transfixion, P = .002; cricothyroid membrane invasion, P < .0001; and prelaryngeal soft tissue infiltration, P < .0001) and ipsilateral VIb lymph node metastasis (P = .004). As expected, disease‐free survival was significantly lower in patients with TGI (P = .04) and peristomal control was significantly reduced in patients with TGI (P = .038).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the largest monocentric series of TGI specimens after a total laryngectomy for laryngeal neoplasms described to date. Focus must be placed on anteroinferior spread, which is likely to invade the cricothyroid membrane, because TGI is part of the extension of extralaryngeal cancer. We propose original experience‐based management of thyroid management during a total laryngectomy to improve the level of accuracy of decision making during the surgical procedure whenever possible.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:2317–2322, 2015