bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curious Cases of the Enzymes / Neobiča Istorija Enzima
Authors: Ulusu Nuriye Nuray 
Published: August 2014

SummaryLife as we know it heavily relies on biological catalysis, in fact, in a very nonromantic version of it, life could be considered as a series of chemical reactions, regulated by the guarding principles of thermodynamics. In ancient times, a beating heart was a good sign of vitality, however, to me, it is actually the presence of active enzymes that counts… Though we do not usually pay attention, the history of enzymology is as old as humanity itself, and dates back to the ancient times. This paper is dedicated to these early moments of this remarkable science that touched our lives in the past and will make life a lot more efficient for humanity in the future. There was almost always a delicate, fundamentally essential relationship between mankind and the enzymes. Challenged by a very alien and hostile Nature full of predators, prehistoric men soon discovered the medicinal properties of the plants, through trial and error. In fact, they accidently discovered the enzyme inhibitors and thus, in crude terms, kindled a sparkling area of research. These plant-derivatives that acted as enzyme inhibitors helped prehistoric men in their pursuit of survival and protection from predators; in hunting and fishing… Later in history, while the underlying purposes of survival and increasing the quality of life stayed intact, the ways and means of enzymology experienced a massive transformation, as the ‘trial and error’ methodology of the ancients is now replaced with rational scientific theories.
High False Positives and False Negatives in Yeast Parameter in an Automated Urine Sediment Analyzer / Brojni Lažno Pozitivni I Lažno Negativni Rezultati Za Parametar Gljivice Na Automatskom Analizatoru Urina
Authors: Aydin Ozgur , Ellidag Hamit Yasar , Eren Esin , Yilmaz Necat 
Published: August 2014

SummaryBackground:Automated urine sediment analyzers have proven their feasibility in medical laboratories. However, editing manual microscopic review of some specimens severely limits the usefulness of such systems. This study aims to give feedback on the practical experience on »Yeast«, which is one of the parameters that compel frequent manual reviews.Methods: 5448 freshly collected urine specimens submitted from various departments of our hospital for diagnostic urinalysis were studied by the UriSed® (77 Elektronika, Hungary). A specialist medical doctor inspected every image onboard, and reviewed the ones with a »Yeast« alarm by traditional manual microscopy.Results: UriSed alarmed in 491 samples (9%) for yeast. In 59 samples (1%) the number of particles exceeded the cut-off and a »positive for yeast« was set. A false positive report of yeast +1 to 3+/HPF was found in 51 samples (0.9%). There were 8 cases with positive for yeast from both microscopic methods. Thirty-three »negative for yeast« samples were corrected as positive after the manual microscopic review.Conclusion: We report a high percentage of false positives and negatives in the yeast parameter, in line with other studies on UriSed as well as on other instruments in the market. As an important feedback, our observations showed that the major concern in false results was »the focusing problem«. We believe in the necessity of a focus check and comparison of alarms between images on board
Continuous Wavelet and Hilbert-Huang Transforms Applied for Analysis of Active and Reactive Power Consumption
Authors: Avdakovic Samir , Bosovic Adnan 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Analysis of power consumption presents a very important issue for power distribution system operators. Some power system processes such as planning, demand forecasting, development, etc.., require a complete understanding of behaviour of power consumption for observed area, which requires appropriate techniques for analysis of available data. In this paper, two different time-frequency techniques are applied for analysis of hourly values of active and reactive power consumption from one real power distribution transformer substation in urban part of Sarajevo city. Using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) with wavelet power spectrum and global wavelet spectrum some properties of analysed time series are determined. Then, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) are applied for the analyses of the same time series and the results showed that both applied approaches can provide very useful information about the behaviour of power consumption for observed time interval and different period (frequency) bands. Also it can be noticed that the results obtained by global wavelet spectrum and marginal Hilbert spectrum are very similar, thus confirming that both approaches could be used for identification of main properties of active and reactive power consumption time series.
Development of An Embedded FPGA-Based Data Acquisition System Dedicated to Zero Power Reactor Noise Experiments
Authors: Arkani Mohammad , Khalafi Hossein , Vosoughi Naser 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
An embedded time interval data acquisition system (DAS) is developed for zero power reactor (ZPR) noise experiments. The system is capable of measuring the correlation or probability distribution of a random process. The design is totally implemented on a single Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The architecture is tested on different FPGA platforms with different speed grades and hardware resources. Generic experimental values for time resolution and inter-event dead time of the system are 2.22 ns and 6.67 ns respectively. The DAS can record around 48-bit x 790 kS/s utilizing its built-in fast memory. The system can measure very long time intervals due to its 48-bit timing structure design. As the architecture can work on a typical FPGA, this is a low cost experimental tool and needs little time to be established. In addition, revisions are easily possible through its reprogramming capability. The performance of the system is checked and verified experimentally.
Measurements of Low Frequency Noise of Infrared Photo-Detectors with Transimpedance Detection System
Authors: Ciura Łukasz , Kolek Andrzej , Gawron Waldemar , Kowalewski Andrzej , Stanaszek Dariusz 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the method and results of low-frequency noise measurements of modern mid-wavelength infrared photodetectors. A type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice based detector with nBn barrier architecture is compared with a high operating temperature (HOT) heterojunction HgCdTe detector. All experiments were made in the range 1 Hz - 10 kHz at various temperatures by using a transimpedance detection system, which is examined in detail. The power spectral density of the nBn’s dark current noise includes Lorentzians with different time constants while the HgCdTe photodiode has more uniform 1/f - shaped spectra. For small bias, the low-frequency noise power spectra of both devices were found to scale linearly with bias voltage squared and were connected with the fluctuations of the leakage resistance. Leakage resistance noise defines the lower noise limit of a photodetector. Other dark current components give raise to the increase of low-frequency noise above this limit. For the same voltage biasing devices, the absolute noise power densities at 1 Hz in nBn are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than in a MCT HgCdTe detector. In spite of this, low-frequency performance of the HgCdTe detector at ~ 230K is still better than that of InAs/GaSb superlattice nBn detector.
A Highly Selective Vehicle Classification Utilizing Dual-Loop Inductive Detector
Authors: Gajda Janusz , Stencel Marek 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In general, currently employed vehicle classification algorithms based on the magnetic signature can distinguish among only a few vehicle classes. The work presents a new approach to this problem. A set of characteristic parameters measurable from the magnetic signature and limits of their uncertainty intervals are determined independently for each predefined class. The source of information on the vehicle parameters is its magnetic signature measured in a system that enables independent measurement of two signals, i.e. changes in the active and reactive component of the inductive loop impedance caused by a passing vehicle. These innovations result in high selective classification system, which utilizes over a dozen vehicle classes. The evaluation of the proposed approach was carried out for good vehicles consisting of 2-axle tractor and a 3-axle semi-trailer.
Estimation and Correction of Gain Mismatch and Timing Error in Time-Interleaved ADCs Based on DFT
Authors: Guo Lianping , Tian Shulin , Wang Zhigang 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture is crucial to increase the maximum sample rate. However, offset mismatch, gain mismatch, and timing error between time-interleaved channels degrade the performance of time-interleaved ADCs. This paper focuses on the gain mismatch and timing error. Techniques based on Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) for estimating and correcting gain mismatch and timing error in an M-channel ADC are depicted. Numerical simulations are used to verify the proposed estimation and correction algorithm.
Bonding xenon and krypton on the surface of uranium dioxide single crystal
Authors: Dąbrowski Ludwik , Szuta Marcin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We present density functional theory (DFT) calculation results of krypton and xenon atoms interaction on the surface of uranium dioxide single crystal. A pseudo-potential approach in the generalised gradient approximation (GGA) was applied using the ABINIT program package. To compute the unit cell parameters, the 25 atom super-cell was chosen. It has been revealed that close to the surface of a potential well is formed for xenon and krypton atom due to its interaction with the atoms of oxygen and uranium. Depth and shape of the well is the subject of ab initio calculations in adiabatic approximation. The calculations were performed both for the case of oxygenic and metallic surfaces. It has been shown that the potential well for the oxygenic surface is deeper than for the metallic surface. The thermal stability of immobilising the atoms of krypton and xenon in the potential wells were evaluated. The results are shown in graphs.
Optimization Problems and Solutions of Forest Resources Management in Moldova
Authors: Petru Bacal 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The main problems of forest management in Moldova are: consumerist approach of the forest fund; the superficial management of indirect economic functions and ecological functions; illegal logging, overgrazing, massive pollution with domestic waste; the closed character of decision making in the forestry sector; the limitation of population's access to forest lease land and the abuses in this field; cumulating and duplication of management functions; the inefficient realization of evaluation and integrated monitoring of forest fund, especially in the communal forests.
25 Years of Sustainability. A Critical Assessment
Authors: Petrişor Alexandru-Ionuţ , Petrişor Liliana 
Published: August 2014

Abstract25 years have passed since the 'Brundtland Report‘ defined sustainability as a possibility to equally meet current and future needs. 15 years later, the author of the definition stated that despite of the fact that the definition does not need to be changed, its understanding bettered off during the interval. 25 years later, the present paper takes an in-depth look at the concept and its practical implications. One of the issues being addressed refers to the pillars of sustainability; their number increased by 25% to include the cultural pillar in addition to the economic, social, and cultural one. Spatial thinking added a new dimension, translating into concepts like 'sustainable communities‘ or 'self standing village‘ at the local level, and 'polycentricity‘ and 'cohesion‘ at the regional one. Furthermore, practical implications include environmental impact assessment (evolving towards strategic impact assessment), internalization of externalities, ecological restoration, and a new view on conservation, different from the one addressed by the 'Zero Growth Strategy‘. In addition, the paper discusses several criticism addressed to the concept and its implementation, attempting to reveal their underlying causes. Overall, the critical analysis shows that the attempts to achieve sustainability did not change the concept as much as its understanding.
Management of Anthropogenic Factor in Mureş County Forests
Authors: Covrig Ilie , Năstăsescu Valentin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The analysis and drafting of a conclusion regarding the current state of the anthropogenic influence on the forests were conducted by the study of forest planning and other documents that serve the purpose of the research. By following the paths in the forests of Mureş county, several remarks were noted on the state of private and state-owned forest areas: the forester’s intervention in the woods, in terms of the application of silvicultural treatments and forest regeneration and promotion of the basic natural type of forest, the mapping of anthropogenically damaged areas, remarks on the planning of guarding activities and preventing illegal actions in the woods. The actions that cause damage to the forest and the general stock of wood are identified especially in terms of illegal felling. The damages caused though illegal felling during the analyzed period (1970 - 2013), enable us to assert that this kind of damages were recorded throughout the entire analyzed interval. The causes determining a high anthropogenic pressure on the forests are easily identified by the legislative gaps, social poverty of the Romanian society, the influence of the political factor on the national forest strategy, impairment of the forester’s authority in the forests, the dependence of local communities to the forests etc. All these require identification of immediate solutions for the recovery of the anthropogenically damaged areas by afforestation, provision of a sole, coherent and efficient legislative framework, approach of a new concept in terms of supervision and control in the forests.
Can examination of tissue stained with Oil red O be postponed up to three months?
Authors: Christoffersen Simone Dorthea , Thomsen Jørgen Lange 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction: As far as we know, there are no known studies on the durability of frozen tissue stained with Oil Red O. The purpose of this study was to examine if the lipid drops in Oil Red O stained tissue keep the original position and color over time (3 months). Further we examined if storage position of the stained tissue makes a difference. Method: We used ten frozen kidney sections stained with Oil Red O. Half of the samples were stored vertically and the other half horizontally, and photos of the same areas were taken within the first 24 hours after staining, and then after 48 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, 14 days, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months respectively. Results and conclusion: No changes in position of the lipids were observed. The color of the staining faded somewhat over time, but it was still possible to distinguish the positive sites from the negative.
Changing trends in plastic surgery training
Authors: Sharma Ramesh Kumar 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
Background: The currently available training models are being put to scrutiny in India today, both by the residents and the teachers. Plastic surgery specialty was created primarily for reconstructive purposes but the society always perceived it from a cosmetic angle, particularly in the post second world war era. As a result, there is a need to redefine the goals of plastic surgery training in the present times so that the plastic surgeon is ‘future ready’ to meet the needs of society and the market forces. Materials and Methods: The author has reviewed the currently available literature on plastic surgery training from India and the western countries. An attempt has been made to study opinions from the teachers and the trainees. The modules currently available in India and abroad have been analyzed and a suggestion has been made for drafting training programs that would meet the demands of the society as well as prepare the resident both for the aesthetic and reconstructive practice. Conclusions: The plastic surgery training needs to be more vibrant and in tune with the changing times. While maintaining its core nature, the current predominantly reconstructive modules need to incorporate the aesthetic content. The evaluation should be both knowledge and competence based. The teachers need to be educated in the various teaching methods that are more applicable to grown up residents. There is a need to find ways to attract talented people in the academic plastic surgery.
Effect of limited access dressing on hydroxyproline and enzymatic antioxidant status in nonhealing chronic ulcers
Authors: Honnegowda Thittamaranahalli Muguregowda , Kumar Pramod , Udupa Padmanabha , Rao Pragna , Bhandary Siddhartha , Mahato Krishna Kumar , Sharan Anurag , Mayya Shreemathi S. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
Background: Healing ability of nonhealing chronic ulcers can be assessed by estimating hydroxyproline, total protein and enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the granulation tissue. Materials and Method: A total of 34 patients were analysed from two groups: Limited access dressing (LAD) group (n = 17) and conventional dressing group (n = 17). Results: Patients treated with LAD that exerts combination of intermittent negative pressure and moist wound-healing had shown a significant increase in the hydroxyproline (P = 0.026), total protein (P = 0.004), GPx level (P = 0.030) and GST level (P = 0.045). Conclusion: Patients treated with LAD indicated significantly better anabolic effect on wound-healing compared to that of patients treated with conventional dressing.
Reconstruction of high voltage electric burn wound with exposed shoulder joint by thoracoacromial artery perforator propeller flap
Authors: Rout Debesh Kumar , Nayak Bibhuti Bhusan , Choudhury Arun Kumar , Pati Ajit Kumar 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTWe describe the reconstruction of high voltage electric burn injury with exposed shoulder joint by thoracoacromial artery perforator propeller flap based on the delto-pectoral perforators of thoracoacromial artery. The successful use of this propeller flap to cover the exposed shoulder joint in a case with limited local flap options demonstrates its use as an alternative technique.
Nonsyndromic Multiple Supernumerary Impacted Teeth: Report of Two Unusual Cases
Authors: Azimi Somayyeh , Bagheri Fatemeh , Taheri Jamileh Bigom , Babaei Somayyeh 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTSupernumerary teeth refer to teeth in excess of the usual number. Most common supernumerary teeth are mesiodense, followed by supernumerary teeth in molar and premolar region. There is a male predilection, and maxilla is involved more frequently. Multiple supernumerary teeth are often found in relation to syndromes. Only a few case reports have reported nonsyndromic multiple supernumerary teeth. Here, we report two unusual nonsyndromic cases with impact supernumerary teeth, the first case has five supernumerary premolars and the second has two unilateral fourth molars.How to cite this articleBagheri F, Taheri JB, Azimi S, Babaei S. Nonsyndromic Multiple Supernumerary Impacted Teeth: Report of Two Unusual Cases. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(2):127-128.
What Is the State of Blacks in Philosophy?
Authors: Botts Tina Fernandes , Bright Liam Kofi , Cherry Myisha , Mallarangeng Guntur , Spencer Quayshawn 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This research note is meant to introduce into philosophical discussion the preliminary results of an empirical study on the state of blacks in philosophy, which is a joint effort of the American Philosophical Association's Committee on the Status of Black Philosophers (APA CSBP) and the Society of Young Black Philosophers (SYBP). The study is intended to settle factual issues in furtherance of contributing to dialogues surrounding at least two philosophical questions: What, if anything, is the philosophical value of demographic diversity in professional philosophy? And what is philosophy? The empirical goals of the study are (1) to identify and enumerate U.S. blacks in philosophy, (2) to determine the distribution of blacks in philosophy across career stages, (3) to determine correlates to the success of blacks in philosophy at different career stages, and (4) to compare and contrast results internally and externally to explain any career stage gaps and determine any other disparities.
Condições afetivas e de relacionamento interpessoal em homens portadores de esquizofrenia em tratamento com haloperidol ou clozapina
Authors: Johann Rejane Veiga Oliveira , Vaz Cícero E. 
Published: August 2014

Foi feito um estudo sobre condições afetivas e de relacionamento interpessoal de homens com diagnóstico prévio de esquizofrenia. Foram comparados os dados do Rorschach de dois grupos de participantes: Grupo 1, pacientes medicados com Haloperidol, (n=14); Grupo 2, medicados com Clozapina (n=16). Os grupos constituíram-se de homens com recidiva da doença, internações prévias, em tratamento psiquiátrico ambulatorial no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). A faixa etária variou entre 18 e 59 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Operational Checklist for Psychotic Illness (OPCRIT) para definição do diagnóstico prévio de esquizofrenia e assim incluir na amostra apenas sujeitos com esta patologia, e a escolha da Técnica de Rorschach por ser um instrumento capaz de fornecer elementos para avaliação das condições afetivas e do relacionamento interpessoal. Foi feita a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) seguida do teste de Bonferroni, com nível de significância de p ≤ 0.05, sobre os dados do Rorschach. Os resultados do Rorschach permitem concluir que os pacientes medicados com Clozapina apresentam indicativos de controle geral sobre seus impulsos e instintos, capacidade de reparação, capacidades afetivas e emocionais para estabelecer relacionamentos interpessoais. Já os pacientes medicados com Haloperidol apresentaram apenas indicativos de controle geral sobre seus impulsos e instintos. Palavras-chave: Rorschach; esquizofrenia; medicação antipsicótica.
O uso das salas de bate-papo na internet: um estudo exploratório acerca das motivações, hábitos e atitudes dos adolescentes
Authors: Dias Ana Cristina Garcia , De La Taille Yves 
Published: August 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar motivações, hábitos e atitudes em relação às salas de bate-papo na internet entre adolescentes. Participaram 128 jovens (média de idade 17,02 anos; 61,7% mulheres), estudantes de uma escola de ensino médio e de uma faculdade da Grande São Paulo. Eles responderam em sala de aula a um questionário desenvolvido especialmente para este estudo. A análise dos dados revelou que homens e mulheres não diferiram quanto aos motivos pelos quais utilizavam as salas de conversação, tendo predominado as opções “se divertir” e “conhecer pessoas”. Um percentual significativamente superior de mulheres (em comparação ao de homens) indicou criar personagens ao entrar nas salas de conversação, enquanto um maior percentual de homens (comparado às mulheres) declarou achar mais fácil conversar sobre assuntos íntimos nas salas de conversação do que em uma relação face a face (por se sentirem mais protegidos no primeiro ambiente). A grande maioria dos participantes indicou que não busca as salas de bate-papo para resolver problemas pessoais, embora cerca de um quarto tenha reconhecido que as conversas nas salas os ajudam a se conhecer melhor. Conclui-se que as salas de bate-papo são vistas principalmente como um ambiente para diversão, não necessariamente implicam em formas diferenciadas das relações face a face. Palavras-chave: internet; comunicação; adolescência.