bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of a novel weekly topical metformin-loaded peel-off mask in the treatment of melasma: a split-face, placebo-controlled study
Authors: EL-Komy Mohamed H M , Elnowaihy Salma Walaa , Shamma Rehab Nabil , Bedair Nermeen Ibrahim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Melasma is a common condition that affects a patient’s quality of life. Metformin is a cheap, well-tolerated and relatively safe medication that is widely prescribed for the treatment of diabetes. Topical metformin has shown promising results in treating melasma as well as several other dermatological conditions such as acne and recalcitrant central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia.

Objectives
To study the efficacy and safety of a once-weekly topical metformin-30%-loaded peel-off mask for treating melasma.

Methods
Twenty female patients with melasma were recruited for the application of a metformin mask and placebo mask to either side of the face once weekly for 12 weeks. The hemi-Melasma Area Severity Index (hemi-MASI) was calculated at baseline, at each visit and 12 weeks after the end of treatment.

Results
At baseline, the hemi-MASI score matched between both metformin and placebo sides [7.1 (SD 2.6) and 7.1 (SD 2.6), respectively, P = 0.99]. At the end of the active treatment period, the metformin side showed a significantly better improvement in hemi-MASI score in comparison with placebo [68% (SD 0.2%) improvement on the metformin side in contrast to 20% (SD 0.2%) on the placebo side]. Although scores decreased 3 months after stopping the active treatment [52% (SD 0.2%) improvement on the metformin side compared with the placebo side 15% (SD 0.2%)], they were still significantly better than baseline. No adverse effects were reported.

Conclusions
Topical metformin-loaded peel-off masks can be a promising, safe and effective treatment for melasma. Although applied only once weekly, metformin peel-off masks show comparable efficacy to previously reported daily usage formulations.
Co-learning companionship benefits word learning in a new language: Evidence from a dual-brain EEG examination
Authors: Shen Yujing , Liu Xu , Xiang Yingyi , Schwieter John W , Liu Huanhuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Companionship refers to one’s being in the presence of another individual. For adults, acquiring a new language is a highly social activity that often involves learning in the context of companionship. However, the effects of companionship on new language learning have gone relatively underexplored, particularly with respect to word learning. Using a within-subject design, the current study employs electroencephalography to examine how two types of companionship (monitored and co-learning) affect word learning (semantic and lexical) in a new language. Dyads of Chinese speakers of English as a second language participated in a pseudo-word-learning task during which they were placed in monitored and co-learning companionship contexts. The results showed that exposure to co-learning companionship affected the early attention stage of word learning. Moreover, in this early stage, evidence of a higher representation similarity between co-learners showed additional support that co-learning companionship influenced attention. Observed increases in delta and theta interbrain synchronization further revealed that co-learning companionship facilitated semantic access. In all, the similar neural representations and interbrain synchronization between co-learners suggest that co-learning companionship offers important benefits for learning words in a new language.
Partisan Politics in Portugal
Authors: Veiga Francisco José , Veiga Linda Gonçalves , Azevedo Beatriz Costa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper reviews the literature on partisan politics in Portugal at the national and sub-national levels. Starting with a description of the institutional setting, main parties and electoral results, the paper then delves into how partisanship matters for the policies implemented by incumbent governments. The available evidence indicates clear differences in several policy areas, such as the labour market, welfare, health, education, and gender issues, with Portuguese left- and right-wing governments acting in line with their ideological agendas. Voter behaviour and the emergence of the populist far-right in the Portuguese parliament are also analysed. (JEL codes: D04, D7, H4, and H7)
An improved sensing data cleaning scheme for object localization in edge computing environment
Authors: Tang Fang , Du Nengsheng , Zhengwei Zhong , Li Chunlin , Luo Youlong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is widely applied due to its fast identification speed and non-contact detection. However, the identification process of RFID tags is susceptible to interference from other tags and environmental factors, resulting in inaccurate identification data. To overcome these problem, this paper proposes an improved sensing data cleaning scheme for object localization in edge computing environment. In tag level data cleaning, we use adaptive sliding window and further consider dynamic tags and read rate in continuous reading cycle to adjust the window size timely and appropriately. In the reader level data cleaning, we estimate the tag number based on Chebyshev’s inequality through Markov chain for cyclic control and optimize different time slot lengths to improve the recognition rate. We build an edge computing environment and combine the proposed tag-level cleaning method and reader-level cleaning method to form a comprehensive RFID data cleaning process. Comparative experimental results show that the RFID data cleaning method proposed in this paper can effectively reduce redundant and missing data and improve the accuracy of tag recognition.
TLFSL: link prediction in multilayer social networks using trustworthy Lévy-flight semi-local random walk
Authors: Liu Mingchun , Jannesari Vahid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As the landscape of online social networks continues to evolve, the task of expanding connections and uncovering novel relationships presents a growing complexity. Link prediction emerges as a crucial strategy, harnessing the current network dynamics to forecast future interactions among users. While traditional single-layer network link prediction models boast a storied legacy, recent attention has shifted towards tackling analogous challenges within the realm of multilayer networks. This paradigm shift underscores the critical role of extracting topological and multimodal features to effectively evaluate link weights, thereby enriching link prediction within weighted networks. Furthermore, the establishment of trustworthy pathways between users emerges as a pivotal tactic for translating unweighted similarities into meaningful weighted metrics. Leveraging the foundational principles of local random walk techniques, this paper introduces the trustworthy Lévy-flight semi-local (TLFSL) random walk framework for link prediction in multilayer social networks. By seamlessly integrating intralayer and interlayer information, TLFSL harnesses a dependable Lévy-flight random walk mechanism to anticipate new links within target layers of multilayer networks. Traditional local random walk techniques often overlook global relationships, as they confine path exploration to immediate neighbours. However, the absence of a direct edge between nodes does not necessarily imply a lack of relationship; nodes with semantic affinity may be spatially distant within the network. To overcome this limitation, we introduce the concept of semi-local random walk, which enables walker hopping with a wider global perspective. Meanwhile, TLFSL includes a distributed local community detection strategy to improve the performance of TLFSL in dealing with large-scale networks. Rigorous experimentation across diverse real-world multilayer networks consistently demonstrates TLFSL’s superior performance compared to equivalent methods.
A case report of cardiac tamponade after a road accident: think beyond trauma
Authors: Civieri Giovanni , Betta Davide , Cernetti Carlo , Gasparetto Nicola 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening compression of the heart caused by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac. Although central venous catheters (CVCs) are essential in modern medicine, they carry a certain risk of complications including cardiac tamponade.

Case summary
A 12-year-old female was involved in a road accident reporting multiple severe traumatic injuries, including a left humerus fracture and subdural haemorrhage. After 2 days in the intensive care unit, she suddenly developed hypotension and cardiac tamponade was diagnosed. Analysis of the pericardial fluid showed high glucose levels comparable to the parenteral nutrition that she was receiving. Retraction of the CVC allowed resolution of the effusion.

Discussion
Cardiac tamponade is a rare but serious adverse event after CVC insertion, mostly among younger patients. Awareness of this risk allows physicians to promptly recognize and treat this dangerous complication.
Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair of both atrioventricular valves in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries: a case report
Authors: Patrascu Alexandru , Binder Donat , Schnabel Peter , Weinmann Kai , Ott Ilka 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) for the systemic atrioventricular valve has been anecdotally reported as a viable treatment option in symptomatic inoperable adult patients born with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA). However, to date, case reports on TEER treatment of both atrioventricular valves are lacking, especially when considering the present availability of specific mitral and tricuspid valve TEER devices.

Case summary
We present the case of an 84-year-old man with recurrent admissions for acute heart failure due to high-grade regurgitation of both atrioventricular valves. The patient was first diagnosed with ccTGA at this advanced age and underwent a thorough multimodality imaging approach, including transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, cardiac computed tomography, and ventriculography of the systemic ventricle. Due to the high symptom burden despite optimal medical therapy and high doses of diuretics, the heart team recommended TEER, first for the systemic tricuspid valve and later on for the non-systemic mitral valve. Both complex procedures were uneventful and led to considerable improvement in quality of life.

Discussion
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries mostly manifests itself in adulthood and affects both ventricles and atrioventricular valves. In case of anatomical doubts on transthoracic echocardiography, a thorough multimodality imaging work-up is recommended. Transcatheter treatment of both atrioventricular valves seems to be a safe and effective therapeutic option in these often inoperable patients.
ESC pre-test probability estimates for obstructive coronary artery disease: can they be used in Brazil?
Authors: Erthal Fernanda , Lima Ronaldo , Penna Filipe , Chow Benjamin J W , Gismondi Ronaldo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Cardiovascular disease, primarily coronary artery disease (CAD), is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Accurate diagnosis of CAD often requires pre-test probability (PTP) estimation, traditionally performed using scoring systems like the Diamond-Forrester (DF) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) models. However, the applicability of such models in specific populations may vary. This study compares the performance of DF and PTP scores in the Brazilian context, using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) as a reference standard.

Methods and results
PTP for obstructive CAD was calculated using DF and ESC scores in 409 symptomatic patients without known CAD who underwent CCTA between 2019 and 2022. Predicted PTP was compared with actual CAD prevalence. DF overestimated CAD prevalence across age and symptom categories, while ESC showed better alignment with actual prevalence.

Conclusion
Our study confirms that the ESC PTP model is more appropriate than the DF model for determining PTP in the Brazilian population.
Comparison of chairside rectangular chain retainers and multi-stranded conventional retainers: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Waldenström Sara , Qaljaee Jilah , Bresin Andrea , Esmaili Seifi , Westerlund Anna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
While retention appliances are widely used in orthodontics, there is still no evidence-based consensus regarding the optimal type of appliance or time of retention.

Objectives
To compare chairside rectangular chain retainers, which can be placed in one sitting, with conventional multi-stranded bonded retainers regarding their levels of stability, biological side effects, complications, and patient experiences.

Trial design
A single-centre, two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial.

Methods
In total, 48 patients were included in this single-centre, randomized controlled trial conducted in Varberg, Region Halland, Sweden. The patients were randomized to two groups: the chairside rectangular chain retainer group, using the Ortho FlexTech retainer (OFT); and the conventional retainer group, using the 0.0195 Penta One multi-stranded spiral wire (PeO). The primary outcome was Little´s irregularity index (LII) evaluated at debond (T0) and at 3 months (T3) and 12 months (T12). The secondary outcomes were inter-canine distance (ICD), plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI), bleeding on probing (BoP), and caries, evaluated at T0, T3, and T12, as well as patients’ perceptions, evaluated at T3 and T12, and technical complications that were registered throughout the study period. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used for continuous variables for inter-group comparisons, and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used for intra-group comparisons.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding LII, biological side effects, technical complications, or patients’ experiences. However, there was a small but statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the maintenance of the ICD. Within the OFT group, there was a significant increase in CI, and within the PeO group, there was a significant increase in BoP.

Conclusions
In terms of clinical relevance, the chairside rectangular chain retainer and the conventional multi-stranded spiral wire provide similar outcomes with respect to the stability of alignment, biological side-effects, technical complications, and patients’ experiences short-term.

Trial registration
VGFOUreg–929962. Keywords: Orthodontic retainers; fixed retainers; retention; stability
ChatGPT in ELT: disruptor? Or well-trained teaching assistant?
Authors: Ahn Jieun , Lee Jongbong , Son Myeongeun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this series, we explore technology-related themes and topics. The series aims to discuss and demystify what may be new areas for some readers and to consider their relevance for English language teachers.
This paper explores the potential applicability of ChatGPT—a generative, text-based artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot—to ELT. It offers insights and guidelines for using ChatGPT to develop receptive and productive skills. First, ChatGPT can help teachers generate input materials for listening and reading practices. Second, with ChatGPT, teachers can create individualized opportunities for students to practice their speaking and writing skills. We also note important caveats for teachers to consider when implementing ChatGPT as an instructional tool. By exploring its potential benefits and limitations, this paper contributes to the growing discourse on technology integration in ELT and offers practical recommendations for creating a productive learning environment using AI-driven language models like ChatGPT.
Do disinflation policies ravage central bank finances?
Authors: Humann Théodore , Mitchener Kris James , Monnet Eric 
Published: July 2024

Summary
Advanced-economy central banks are currently experiencing losses. To examine how rate-tightening cycles affect central bank finances, we study the financial statements of ten advanced-economy central banks during the 1970s and 1980s, the most notable and comparable policy environment to the present. We find that central bank profits actually increased in response to the anti-inflationary measures of the 1980s. We thus discuss how central bank profits depend on their policy instruments as well as their balance-sheet position when rate tightening begins, rather than on the tightening per se. Unlike today, central banks in the 1980s avoided losses because they did not remunerate bank reserves and their balance sheets did not carry the legacy of a decade of large asset purchases at low interest rates and long maturity. Our counterfactuals show that only a combination of these factors could have triggered losses in the 1980s: none of them is sufficient on its own. When losses emerged in the late 1970s, before the Volcker shock, they were due to foreign exchange reserves depreciating. In these instances, when central banks carried them forward and did not rely on transfers from the government, there was no loss of central bank independence or their ability to fight inflation.
Plasma proteometabolome in lung cancer: exploring biomarkers through bidirectional Mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis
Authors: Dong Bo , Wang Mengyao , Li Kaixiu , Li Zuwei , Liu Lunxu , Shen Shensi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Unlike other cancers with widespread screening (breast, colorectal, cervical, prostate, and skin), lung nodule biopsies for positive screenings have higher morbidity with clinical complications. Development of non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers could thereby significantly enhance lung cancer management for at-risk patients. Here, we leverage Mendelian Randomization (MR) to investigate the plasma proteome and metabolome for potential biomarkers relevant to lung cancer. Utilizing bidirectional MR and co-localization analyses, we identify novel associations, highlighting inverse relationships between plasma proteins SFTPB and KDELC2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and positive associations of TCL1A with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and CNTN1 with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Additionally, our work reveals significant negative correlations between metabolites such as theobromine and paraxanthine, along with paraxanthine-related ratios, in both LUAD and LUSC. Conversely, positive correlations are found in caffeine/paraxanthine and arachidonate (20:4n6)/paraxanthine ratios with these cancer types. Through single-cell sequencing data of normal lung tissue, we further explore the role of lung tissue-specific protein SFTPB in carcinogenesis. These findings offer new insights into lung cancer etiology, potentially guiding the development of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.
Parallel MCMC algorithms: theoretical foundations, algorithm design, case studies
Authors: Glatt-Holtz Nathan E , Holbrook Andrew J , Krometis Justin A , Mondaini Cecilia F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Parallel Markov Chain Monte Carlo (pMCMC) algorithms generate clouds of proposals at each step to efficiently resolve a target probability distribution $\mu $. We build a rigorous foundational framework for pMCMC algorithms that situates these methods within a unified ‘extended phase space’ measure-theoretic formalism. Drawing on our recent work that provides a comprehensive theory for reversible single-proposal methods, we herein derive general criteria for multiproposal acceptance mechanisms that yield ergodic chains on general state spaces. Our formulation encompasses a variety of methodologies, including proposal cloud resampling and Hamiltonian methods, while providing a basis for the derivation of novel algorithms. In particular, we obtain a top-down picture for a class of methods arising from ‘conditionally independent’ proposal structures. As an immediate application of this formalism, we identify several new algorithms including a multiproposal version of the popular preconditioned Crank–Nicolson (pCN) sampler suitable for high- and infinite-dimensional target measures that are absolutely continuous with respect to a Gaussian base measure. To supplement the aforementioned theoretical results, we carry out a selection of numerical case studies that evaluate the efficacy of these novel algorithms. First, noting that the true potential of pMCMC algorithms arises from their natural parallelizability and the ease with which they map to modern high-performance computing architectures, we provide a limited parallelization study using TensorFlow and a graphics processing unit to scale pMCMC algorithms that leverage as many as 100k proposals at each step. Second, we use our multiproposal pCN algorithm (mpCN) to resolve a selection of problems in Bayesian statistical inversion for partial differential equations motivated by fluid measurement. These examples provide preliminary evidence of the efficacy of mpCN for high-dimensional target distributions featuring complex geometries and multimodal structures.
Immunoinformatic approaches for ErpY-LemA chimeric protein design for use in leptospirosis control
Authors: Ávila-Martínez Elsa Giovanna , Cardoso Thayná Laner , Pereira Isabel Ladeira , Caballero Pâmela Scaraffuni , Wozeak Daniela Rodriguero , Neto Amilton Clair Pinto Seixas , Pinto Luciano da Silva , Hartwig Daiane Drawanz 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Currently, immunoinformatic approaches have shown promise in rapidly and cost-effectively identifying new antigens from the Leptospira proteome. Chimeric multiepitope proteins offer a strategy with significant potential for implementation in diagnosis and vaccines development.

Methods and results
In this study, we detail the immunoinformatic analyses and design of a new recombinant chimeric protein constructed with epitopes identified from the sequences of ErpY-like and LemA proteins, previously identified as potential antigens for controlling leptospirosis. We expressed the chimeric protein using Escherichia coli heterologous systems, evaluated its antigenicity using serum from naturally infected patients, and its immunogenicity in mice as an animal model, with Freund as an adjuvant. The resulting recombinant chimeric protein, named rErpY-LemA, was successfully expressed and purified using a prokaryotic system, with an expected mass of 35 kDa. Serologic assays using serum samples from naturally infected patients demonstrated recognition of the chimera protein by antibodies present in sera. Animals immunized with the chimera exhibited a significant IgG antibody response from the 7th day (P &lt; 0.001), persisting until day 49 of experimentation, with a titer of 1:12,800 (P &lt; 0.05). Notably, significant production of IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses was observed in animals immunized with the chimera.

Conclusions
These results highlight the promising role of immunoinformatics in rapidly identifying antigens and the potential of chimeric multiepitope proteins in developing effective strategies for leptospirosis control.