bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating the expression of survivin and other basal epidermal proteins protects human skin from UVB damage and oxidative stress
Authors: Labarrade Florian , Bergeron Laurine , Serre Catherine , Lebleu Alexia , Busuttil Valère , Botto Jean‐Marie , Domloge Nouha 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is an assembly made of four interacting proteins: survivin, borealin, INCENP, and aurora kinase B. CPC is the key regulatory complex responsible for the correct development of cellular mitosis, accompanying each step of the chromosomal segregation. This control of mitosis is particularly important in undifferentiated cells that must renew themselves and also further differentiate and specialize. The epidermis is a self‐renewing tissue that needs to continuously generate new cells through proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells. Both the mitosis supervision by the CPC and a correct extracellular environment are physiologically required for the homeostasis of the adult keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) of the epidermis. KSCs are mainly found in the basal layer of the epidermis and are responsible for the replenishment and maintenance of the tissue, by compensating for the loss of terminally differentiated cells called corneocytes, especially during aging.AimThe aim of our study was to investigate the implication of survivin in epidermal renewal and the relationships between survivin expression and UVB‐induced DNA damage levels in cultured human keratinocytes and in skin biopsies. In parallel, the effects of a treatment by compound IV08.009 were studied.Material and methodsCultured human keratinocytes and skin biopsies were used in this study. KSCs‐enriched fractions of keratinocytes were isolated from total keratinocytes by differential attachment to a type IV collagen matrix. Survivin expression levels were assessed by immunoblotting in cultured keratinocytes, and α6‐integrin, β1‐integrin, keratin 15, and survivin were observed after immunodetection in skin biopsies cross sections. Comet assay, immunodetection of CPDs and of cleaved‐caspase 3, and electron microscopy were used to characterize UVB‐induced DNA damage.ResultsWe demonstrated the ability of compound IV08.009 to efficiently protect ex vivo skin against basal UVB‐induced damage. Moreover, comet assay studies demonstrated the efficacy of IV08.009 in protecting DNA damage from UVB stress. We found that IV08.009 protects skin from apoptosis induced by oxidative stress, ex vivo. Electron microscopy confirmed the protective efficiency of IV08.009 on cell ultrastructural damage induced by UVB exposure.ConclusionCompound IV08.009 demonstrated to be effective in regulating survivin expression and in preserving the basal epidermis from stresses such as UVB and H2O2. These results suggest a protective activity of IV08.009 on the essential renewing potential of KSCs.
Comparison of copper intrauterine device with levonorgestrel‐bearing intrauterine system for post‐abortion contraception
Authors: Bilgehan Fatma , Dilbaz Berna , Karadag Burak , Deveci Canan Dura 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare the safety, bleeding pattern, effects, side‐effects, complications and 6‐month continuity rates of levonorgestrel‐bearing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) with conventional copper intrauterine device (Cu‐IUD) inserted immediately after voluntary termination of pregnancy up to 10 weeks of gestation.MethodsOne hundred women who underwent voluntary pregnancy termination and preferred IUD insertion as a contraceptive method after counseling were enrolled. The patients were randomly allocated to Cu‐IUD or LNG‐IUS and followed up at 10 days, and at 1, 3 and 6 months. The expulsion rates, continuation rates, side‐effects, and bleeding patterns were compared.ResultsFifty women in the Cu‐IUD group and 44 women in the LNG‐IUS group were followed up. The continuity and expulsion rate for Cu‐IUD and LNG‐IUS at the end of 6 months was 74%, 12%, and 75%, 11.3%, respectively. In LNG‐IUS users, the incidence of amenorrhea and the number of spotting days were higher and hemoglobin increased throughout the follow‐up period. The side‐effects related to both methods were not different from interval insertions.ConclusionImmediate post‐abortion intrauterine contraception with Cu‐IUD or LNG‐IUS is a safe, reliable method. The incidence of side‐effects is similar, and there is only a slightly higher rate of expulsion but an acceptable rate of method continuation.
Male infertility and its genetic causes
Authors: Miyamoto Toshinobu , Minase Gaku , Okabe Kimika , Ueda Hiroto , Sengoku Kazuo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimInfertility is a serious social problem in advanced nations, with male factor infertility accounting for approximately half of all cases of infertility. Here, we aim to discuss our laboratory results in the context of recent literature on critical genes residing on the Y chromosome or autosomes that play important roles in human spermatogenesis.MethodsThe PubMed database was systematically searched using the following keywords: ‘genetics of male factor infertility’; ‘male infertility genes’, ‘genetics of spermatogenesis’ to retrieve information for this review.ResultsStriking progress has recently been made in the elucidation of mechanisms of spermatogenesis using knockout mouse models. This information has, in many cases, not been directly translatable to humans. Nevertheless, mutations in several critical genes have been shown to cause male infertility. We discuss here the contribution to male factor infertility of a number of genes identified in the azoospermia factor (AZF) region on the Y chromosome, as well as the autosomally located genes: SYKP3, KLHL10, AURKC and SPATA16.ConclusionsNon‐obstructive azoospermia is the most severe form of azoospermia. However, the presence of spermatozoa can only be confirmed through procedures, which may prove to be unnecessary. Elucidation of the genes underlying male factor infertility, and thereby a better understanding of the mechanisms that cause it, will result in more tailored, evidence‐based decisions in treatment of patients.
Delayed osseous metastasis from low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma: Uncommon occurrence deserving recognition
Authors: Chow Louis Tsun Cheung 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDespite excellent prognosis, low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is notorious for late recurrence even in stage I disease. Bone metastases are distinctly rare and only six cases have so far been reported. Two patients presented with back pain due to spinal metastatic low‐grade ESS after 15 and 9 years free of disease after resection of the stage 1 primary uterine tumor. Plain radiograph showed an ivory first lumbar vertebra in the first patient and an osteolytic lesion involving the second thoracic vertebra in the second. In both cases, magnetic resonance imaging showed vertebral tumor with intra‐spinal extension and spinal cord compression; biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic low‐grade ESS. The first patient received palliative radiotherapy and chemotherapy while the second underwent surgical decompression followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The neurologic symptoms in both patients returned 12 months afterwards and progressed relentlessly despite adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The first patient developed multiple bone and lung metastasis, culminating in death 44 months after recurrence. While surviving at 24 months from recurrent disease, the second became paraplegic with double incontinence and was wheelchair bound. Delayed osseous metastatic low‐grade ESS, although uncommon, deserves recognition given the predilection for spine as the site of involvement. In such a location, where complete surgical removal is notoriously difficult, if not impossible, the prognosis of spinal metastatic low‐grade ESS appears grave with considerable morbidity and mortality.
Antepartum reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome with pre‐eclampsia and reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Tanaka Kei , Matsushima Miho , Matsuzawa Yukiko , Wachi Yuichi , Izawa Tomoko , Sakai Keiji , Kobayashi Yoichi , Iwashita Mitsutoshi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractReversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by severe headache and diffuse segmental constriction of the cerebral arteries that resolves spontaneously within a few months. Pregnancy is one of the precipitating factors of RCVS and most of the reported cases occurred in the post‐partum period. We report a case of RCVS that occurred in a pregnant women with pre‐eclampsia during her antepartum period. A 34‐year‐old woman in full‐term pregnancy presented with a severe and acute headache. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed multiple segmental constrictions of the cerebral arteries. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a high‐intensity lesion in the left occipital lobe, consistent with reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, on fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequences. The case was also complicated by severe pre‐eclampsia and the patient underwent emergency cesarean section. Although her symptoms resolved rapidly, MRA revealed new lesions of arterial constriction 4 days after onset. The vasoconstriction completely resolved on MRA after 10 days and the patient was discharged without neurological sequelae.
Pain and problems: a prospective cross‐sectional study of the impact of dental emergencies
Authors: Currie C. C. , Stone S. J. , Durham J. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryOne‐third of the population will only attend the dentist for an acute problem, often waiting a period of time before presenting. The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of pain in patients presenting for a dental emergency and the impact this had on their quality of life. Questionnaires were provided to adult patients attending dental emergency services over 1 week. Demographic and clinical details were collected. Quality of life was measured using EQ‐5D‐5L. Pain and the interference it caused were examined using the graded chronic pain scale. Data were analysed in STATA using descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney and chi‐squared tests. Results showed that majority of patients (64%) seen were male; the mean age was 36 (±14) years. Forty six per cent of patients reported having a general dental practitioner. One‐third of the patients had attended this service previously for emergency care, and 13% consulted for the same problem. The mean duration of pain was 17·7 (±52·3) days prior to seeking care. The mean characteristic pain intensity was 53·6 (±23·6). The mean disability score was 43·4 (±33·6). The mean EQ‐5D‐5L score was 0·57 (±0·27). In conclusion, a large number of patients attend the emergency dental services despite being ‘registered’ with a general dental practitioner. A proportion of these individuals will re‐attend for the same condition. Patients will often be in pain for over 2 weeks before attending, which may have a significant impact on their quality of life. Further research is warranted to investigate these care‐seeking behaviours and patterns.
Comparison of approaches to rheumatic fever surveillance across Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries
Authors: Oliver Jane , Baker Michael G , Pierse Nevil , Carapetis Jonathan 
Published: July 2015

AimRheumatic fever (RF) prevention, control and surveillance are increasingly important priorities in New Zealand (NZ) and Australia. We compared RF surveillance across Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) member countries to assist in benchmarking and identifying useful approaches.MethodsA structured literature review was completed using Medline and PubMed databases, investigating RF incidence rates. Surveillance methods were noted. Health department websites were searched to assess whether addressing RF was a Government priority.ResultsOf 32 OECD member countries, nine reported RF incidence rates after 1999. Highest rates were seen in indigenous Australians, and NZ Māori and Pacific peoples. NZ and Australian surveillance systems are highly developed, with notification and register data compiled regularly. Only these two Governments appeared to prioritise RF surveillance and control. Other countries relied mainly on hospitalisation data. There is a lack of standardisation across incidence rate calculations. Israel and Italy may have relatively high RF rates among developed countries.ConclusionsRF lingers in specific populations in OECD member countries. At a minimum, RF registers are needed in higher incidence countries. Countries with low RF incidences should periodically review surveillance information to ensure rates are not increasing.
Association of oxidative status and insulin sensitivity in periparturient dairy cattle: an observational study
Authors: Abuelo A. , Hernández J. , Benedito J. L. , Castillo C. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryPost‐parturient insulin resistance (IR) is a common feature in all mammalian animals. However, in dairy cows, it can be exacerbated because of high milk yield, leading to excessive negative energy balance, which is related with increased disease incidence, reduced milk production and worsened reproductive performance. IR has been extensively investigated in humans suffering from diabetes mellitus. In these subjects, it is known that oxidative stress (OS) plays a causative role in the onset of IR. Although OS occurs in transitional dairy cattle, there are yet no studies that investigated the association between IR and OS in dairy cattle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between OS and IR in dairy cattle. Serum samples were taken repeatedly from 22 dairy cows from 2 months prior to the expected calving date to 2 months after calving and were analysed for markers of metabolic and redox balance. Surrogate indices of insulin sensitivity were also calculated. Generalised linear mixed models revealed an effect of the oxidative status on peripheral insulin concentration and on indices of insulin sensitivity. Hence, field trials should investigate the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy on insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues during the transition period of dairy cattle.
A Randomized Prospective Double-Blind Comparison Trial of Clomiphene Citrate and Anastrozole in Raising Testosterone in Hypogonadal Infertile Men
Authors: Helo Sevann , Ellen Joseph , Mechlin Clay , Feustel Paul , Grossman Michael , Ditkoff Edward , McCullough Andrew 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTAimClomiphene citrate (CC) and anastrozole (AZ) have been used off label to increase testosterone (T) in hypogonadal infertile men (HIM). Both medications have been shown to increase T with different effects on estradiol (E2) and T-to-E2 ratios. There are no reported randomized trials comparing CC and AZ to improve T levels in HIM. We aimed to establish equivalence of CC vs. AZ with respect to improvement in T levels in HIM.MethodsWe randomized 26 HIM (T less than 350 ng/dL and normal luteinizing hormone [LH]). Patients were randomized to CC (25 mg/day) or AZ (1 mg/day) for 12 weeks. Hormones assayed were total T, free T, E2, LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Patient-reported outcomes were the International Index of Erectile Function, Erection Hardness Scale, and the Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male questionnaires. Blood tests and questionnaires were recorded at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Semen analyses were performed at baseline and 12 weeks.ResultsT increased significantly from baseline in both groups at 6 and 12 weeks. There was a significantly larger increase in T and mean increase from baseline in CC vs. AZ (571 vs. 408 ng/dL, respectively). Whereas E-2 levels increased in the CC group, they decreased in the AZ group. Though both groups demonstrated an increase in T-to-E-2 ratio from baseline, statistic significance at 6 and 12 weeks was only achieved with AZ. Neither group demonstrated significant changes in seminal parameters or patient-reported outcomes.ConclusionsWe failed to demonstrate equivalence of CC vs. AZ. CC resulted in significantly higher T levels than AZ. AZ resulted in a significantly larger increase in T/E-2 ratio than CC. No significant differences between CC and AZ on seminal parameters or patient-reported outcomes were demonstrated.
Patient, family, and provider complex care situations in pediatric acute medical care: Creation of the Red Flags Situation Assessment Tool
Authors: Steinmiller Elizabeth A. , Ely Elizabeth 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeTo develop and test a questionnaire to identify situations among patients, families, and providers that lead to complex pediatric medical care in a tertiary hospital setting.DesignA mixed methods approach was used. Qualitative content analysis of hospital documents was conducted to develop questionnaire items. Psychometric analyses were used to measure reliability, and factor analysis was used to reduce instrument length.ResultsA 54‐item questionnaire with 11 categories was distributed to 205 nurses and medical staff. Psychometric analysis of responses identified a final refined tool with 31 items comprised of six factors.Practice ImplicationsThe Red Flags Situation Assessment Tool can be used to identify complex care situations and address them earlier in a hospital course to avoid challenges to providing patient‐ and family‐centered care.
Sleep deprivation selectively disrupts top–down adaptation to cognitive conflict in the Stroop test
Authors: Gevers Wim , Deliens Gaetane , Hoffmann Sophie , Notebaert Wim , Peigneux Philippe 
Published: July 2015

SummarySleep deprivation is known to exert detrimental effects on various cognitive domains, including attention, vigilance and working memory. Seemingly at odds with these findings, prior studies repeatedly failed to evidence an impact of prior sleep deprivation on cognitive interference in the Stroop test, a hallmark paradigm in the study of cognitive control abilities. The present study investigated further the effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive control using an adapted version of the Stroop test that allows to segregate top–down (attentional reconfiguration on incongruent items) and bottom–up (facilitated processing after repetitions in responses and/or features of stimuli) components of performance. Participants underwent a regular night of sleep or a night of total sleep deprivation before cognitive testing. Results disclosed that sleep deprivation selectively impairs top–down adaptation mechanisms: cognitive control no longer increased upon detection of response conflict at the preceding trial. In parallel, bottom–up abilities were found unaffected by sleep deprivation: beneficial effects of stimulus and response repetitions persisted. Changes in vigilance states due to sleep deprivation selectively impact on cognitive control in the Stroop test by affecting top–down, but not bottom–up, mechanisms that guide adaptive behaviours.
Fibrinogen storage disease and cirrhosis associated with hypobetalipoproteinemia owing to fibrinogen Aguadilla in a Turkish child
Authors: Sari Sinan , Yilmaz Guldal , Gonul Ipek I. , Dalgic Buket , Akyol Gulen , Giovannoni Isabella , Francalanci Paola , Callea Francesco 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsFibrinogen gene mutations can rarely result in hepatic fibrinogen storage disease (HFSD). Herein, we report on the first Turkish family carrying the mutation p.Arg375Trp (fibrinogen Aguadilla) in the γ‐chain of the fibrinogen (FGG) gene.MethodsClinical, laboratory and histopathological findings of the patient were documented. Molecular study of fibrinogen gene was performed in the patient and her family members.ResultsThe proband was 5 years old girl presenting with advanced liver fibrosis of unknown origin. The child had very low plasma levels of fibrinogen and hypobetalipoproteinemia. Immunomorphologic and electron microscopic studies showed selective and exclusive accumulation of fibrinogen within the endoplasmic reticulum in liver biopsy of the patient. Patient, mother, two sisters and one brother carried p.Arg375Trp mutation (fibrinogen Aguadilla) in FGG gene. The patient was treated with ursodeoxycholic acid and carbamazepine. After 3 months, carbamazepine was suspended upon family decision and unresponsiveness of carbamazepine.ConclusionsHFSD is characterized by hypofibrinogenemia and accumulation of abnormal fibrinogen within hepatocytes. In addition, hypofibrinogenemia is associated with hypobetalipoproteinemia in Aguadilla mutation.
Ancestral origins and invasion pathways in a globally invasive bird correlate with climate and influences from bird trade
Authors: Jackson Hazel , Strubbe Diederik , Tollington Simon , Prys‐Jones Robert , Matthysen Erik , Groombridge Jim J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractInvasive species present a major threat to global biodiversity. Understanding genetic patterns and evolutionary processes that reinforce successful establishment is paramount for elucidating mechanisms underlying biological invasions. Among birds, the ring‐necked parakeet (Psittacula krameri) is one of the most successful invasive species, established in over 35 countries. However, little is known about the evolutionary genetic origins of this species and what population genetic signatures tell us about patterns of invasion. We reveal the ancestral origins of populations across the invasive range and explore the potential influence of climate and propagule pressure from the pet trade on observed genetic patterns. Ring‐necked parakeet samples representing the ancestral native range (n = 96) were collected from museum specimens, and modern samples from the invasive range (n = 855) were gathered from across Europe, Mauritius and Seychelles, and sequenced for two mitochondrial DNA markers comprising 868 bp of cytochrome b and control region, and genotyped at 10 microsatellite loci. Invasive populations comprise birds that originate predominantly from Pakistan and northern areas of India. Haplotypes associated with more northerly distribution limits in the ancestral native range were more prevalent in invasive populations in Europe, and the predominance of Asian haplotypes in Europe is consistent with the higher number of Asian birds transported by the pet trade outside the native range. Successful establishment of invasive species is likely to be underpinned by a combination of environmental and anthropogenic influences.