bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and olfactory evaluation of homologous series of (+)‐ and (−)‐carvone oxime ethers
Authors: Strub Daniel Jan , Kula Józef , Sikora Magdalena , Gibka Julia , Lochyński Stanisław 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNovel semi‐synthetic fragrant compounds were prepared from both isomers of carvone. Deprotonation of (+) and (−)‐carvone oximes with sodium hydride and subsequent O‐Alkylation with various alkyl halides in DMSO resulted in 18 ethers. Scents of most synthesized compounds are agreeable. A shift of fragrance is observed between substrates. The scent of (−)‐carvone resembles that of spearmint and (+)‐carvone – caraway. The fragrance of carvone oximes is similar, vegetable‐like. Significant differences were observed between homologous series of carvone oxime ethers. Their odours range from vegetable‐like (pickled cucumber, leaves of horseradish and carrot, scallion and onion) and herbaceous to sulphuric, floral (lily) and fruity (blackcurrant and pear). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coding complexity in the human motor circuit
Authors: Heinrichs‐Graham Elizabeth , Wilson Tony W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCortical oscillatory dynamics are known to be critical for human movement, although their functional significance remains unclear. In particular, there is a strong beta (15–30 Hz) desynchronization that begins before movement onset and continues during movement, before rebounding after movement termination. Several studies have connected this response to motor planning and/or movement selection operations, but to date such studies have examined only the early aspects of the response (i.e., before movement) and a limited number of parameters. In this study, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a novel motor sequence paradigm to probe how motor plan complexity modulates peri‐movement beta oscillations, and connectivity within activated circuits. We also examined the dynamics by imaging beta activity before and during movement execution and extracting virtual sensors from key regions. We found stronger beta desynchronization during complex relative to simple sequences in the right parietal and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during movement execution. There was also an increase in functional connectivity between the left DLPFC and right parietal shortly after movement onset during complex but not simple sequences, which produced a significant conditional effect (i.e., complex > simple) that was not attributable to differences in response amplitude. This study is the first to demonstrate that complexity modulates the dynamics of the peri‐movement beta ERD, which provides crucial new data on the functional role of this well‐known oscillatory motor response. These data further suggest that execution of complex motor behavior may recruit key regions of the fronto‐parietal network, in addition to traditional sensorimotor regions. Hum Brain Mapp 36:5155–5167, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychosocial Functioning and Life Satisfaction in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder Without Intellectual Impairment
Authors: Schmidt Lilly , Kirchner Jennifer , Strunz Sandra , Broźus Julia , Ritter Kathrin , Roepke Stefan , Dziobek Isabel 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesThis study aimed at (a) comparing psychosocial functioning and life satisfaction in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and nonclinical participants and (b) identifying areas of functioning that are most predictive for life satisfaction in individuals with ASD.MethodA total of 43 adults with ASD without intellectual impairment (age: mean = 31, standard deviation = 10 years; 63% females) and healthy nonclinical individuals (N = 44) were surveyed.ResultsIndividuals with ASD reported significant functional impairments and less life satisfaction compared with nonclinical individuals in many areas of life. Although impairments were prominent in domains involving interaction with other people such asunderstanding and communication,getting along with others, andparticipation in society, daily living skills (e.g.,getting around,self‐care, andhousehold) were not different from nonclinical participants. Participating in society was identified as the only factor predicting life satisfaction in individuals with ASD.ConclusionThere is a need for interventions facilitating functioning on a broad level and support toward societal inclusion for individuals with ASD.
Effect of HCAHPS reporting on patient satisfaction with physician communication
Authors: Mann Rupinder K. , Siddiqui Zishan , Kurbanova Nargiza , Qayyum Rehan 
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTIONPrior studies, using limited data from the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) surveys, reported that public reporting increases satisfaction scores in all domains except physician communication. Our objective was to examine changes in patient satisfaction with physician communication using all available data.METHODSWe used publicly accessible datasets: HCAHPS (2007–2013), socioeconomic datasets from the US Census Bureau, and hospital service area (HSA) dataset from the Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care. Satisfaction scores were determined by the percentage of responses to “doctors always communicated well.” Hospitals were grouped into quartiles based on 2007 scores. We used multilevel models to account for correlation between within‐hospital observations.RESULTSHCAHPS data were reported by 2273 hospitals in 2007. During the 7‐year period, overall satisfaction scores with physician communication increased by 2.8% (P < 0.001). The lowest quartile hospitals had significant increase in satisfaction scores, whereas the highest quartile scores decreased (0.87% per year vs −0.23% per year; P < 0.001). These differences remained significant after adjusting for hospital and local population characteristics. Survey response rate and the number of acute‐care beds and physicians in the HSA were positively associated, whereas HSA population size and being a teaching hospital were negatively associated with patient satisfaction scores (all P < 0.005).CONCLUSIONSAlthough there has been an improvement in patient satisfaction with physicians during the past 7 years, this improvement was not seen in all hospitals. The overall gap between hospitals has narrowed, which can be further improved through sharing best practices. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:105–110. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Expression of XBP1s in fibroblasts is critical for TiAl6V4 particle‐induced RANKL expression and osteolysis
Authors: Wang Zhenheng , Liu Naicheng , Zhou Gang , Shi Tongguo , Wang Zhenzhen , Gan Jingjing , Wang Rui , Qian Hongbo , Bao Nirong , Guo Ting , Zhao Jianning 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTWear particle‐induced osteolysis is a major cause of aseptic loosening, which is one of the most common reasons for total hip arthroplasty (THA) failure. Previous studies have shown that the expression of Receptor activation of nuclear factor (NF)‐kB (RANKL) by fibroblasts in periprosthetic membrane played a crucial role in wear particle‐induced osteolysis. However, the underlying mechanism of RANKL expression remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of TiAl6V4 particle (TiPs)‐induced XBP1s (spliced form of X‐box binding protein 1) on RANKL expression and osteoclastogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. The levels of XBP1s in peri‐implant membrane, animal models, and TiPs‐stimulated fibroblasts were determined by western blots. To assess the effect of XBP1s on RANKL expression, fibroblasts were treated with both a small interfering RNA (siRNA) and an inhibitor of XBP1 prior to exposure to TiPs. The effect of XBP1s on osteoclasts formation was determined by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining in vitro osteoclastogenesis assay and in animal models. The resorption of bone was assessed by micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) with three‐dimensional reconstruction. Our results demonstrated that XBP1s was activated in periprosthetic membrane, mouse calvaria models, and TiPs‐stimulated human synovial fibroblasts. Further, inhibition of XBP1s decreased the expression of RANKL and osteoclasts formation in vitro. In mouse calvaria models, both of the osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis were inhibited XBP1s inhibitor. Our results suggested that XBP1s mediated TiPs‐induced of RANKL expression in fibroblasts, and down regulating XBP1s may represent a potential therapy for wear particle‐induced osteolysis. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:752–759, 2017.
Optical characterization of OLED displays
Authors: Boher Pierre , Leroux Thierry , Collomb‐Patton Véronique , Bignon Thibault 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMultispectral viewing angle and imaging characterization have been applied to different organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays. Angular dependence of the OLED emission is always complex because of its multilayer structure. Spectral information is also related to the geometry of Fabry–Perot‐like structure of each OLED. High‐resolution viewing angle measurements of different OLED displays are reported and compared. Multispectral viewing angle polarization properties are also reported. Imaging measurements allow to detect wavelength shift on the surface of the displays probably related to thickness non‐uniformities. Local radiance fluctuations from one pixel to the other more related to driving problems due to the dispersion of the electric properties of the driving thin‐film transistors are also detected.
Voice outcomes following treatment of benign midmembranous vocal fold lesions using a nomenclature paradigm
Authors: Akbulut Sevtap , Gartner‐Schmidt Jackie L. , Gillespie Amanda I. , Young VyVy N. , Smith Libby J. , Rosen Clark A. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisBenign midmembranous vocal fold lesions (BMVFLs) are common voice disorders, but interpretation of outcomes following treatment is difficult due to the lack of a standardized nomenclature system for these lesions. Outcome results are increasingly important to third party payers. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of patients with BMVFLs using a previously validated nomenclature, and to provide incidences and outcome results for each diagnosis.MethodsA retrospective chart review of BMVFL patients was performed. Treatment was individualized but typically involved implementation of nonsurgical therapy followed by phonomicrosurgery as needed. A previously reported BMVFL stratification system was used.ResultsA total of 224 patients with BMVFLs were studied. Sixty‐seven percent of all patients with a BMVFL underwent phonomicrosurgery. The most common BMVFL types were polyp and nonspecific vocal fold lesion. Pseudocyst represented 0.9% of the cohort. The Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10) and acoustic data demonstrate a high degree of treatment success. The mean change in VHI‐10 was greatest for cyst–subepithelial and polyp. Fibrous mass–ligamentous patients had the smallest mean change in VHI‐10. Mean post‐treatment VHI‐10 scores of all the lesions except fibrous mass–ligamentous were within normal limits (<11).ConclusionsThis study represents the first outcomes‐based report of BMVFLs using a strictly defined nomenclature system for stratification of lesions. Ligamentous fibrous mass lesions have a decreased response to treatment compared to all other lesions. This study demonstrates the ability to return most BMVFL patients to normal speaking voice capabilities following treatment.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:415–420, 2016
A study of phonomicrosurgical arm support postures using a magnetic motion tracking system
Authors: Chen Ting , Vamos Andrew C. , Dailey Seth H. , Geng Zhixian , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo study the different arm support postures used in phonomicrosurgery by using a magnetic‐based phonomicrosurgery instrument tracking system (MPTS). Through quantitative motion parameter data collected from four arm support postures (elbow support [ES], forearm support [FS], forearm and hand support, and no support), phonomicrosurgical operation postures were analyzed and compared.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsSeven subjects operated on phonomicrosurgical simulation cutting tasks with four arm support postures while being monitored by MPTS. The motion parameters, including operation time, path length, depth perception, and motion smoothness were analyzed. The subjects' cutting quality was also calculated.ResultsWith the FS, the nondominant hand showed improved S, better D, and shorter P (P < 0.05). Better motion control in the dominant hand resulted from ES posture (P < 0.05). Better operation quality was associated with increased motion control in the nondominant hand.ConclusionsForearm support resulted in higher steadiness and shorter surgical path in the nondominant hand. In the dominant hand, ES resulted in increased steadiness, shorter surgical path, and better D. The effect of both gravity and wrist dexterity on movement control should be considered when selecting proper arm supports.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:918–922, 2016
SKUP3RCT; continuous study: Changes in sleepiness and quality of life after modified UPPP
Authors: Browaldh Nanna , Bring Johan , Friberg Danielle 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisOur previous study showed that modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), including tonsillectomy, significantly improved nocturnal respiration in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients. This is a continuous study of changes in daytime sleepiness and quality of life.Study DesignProspective randomized controlled trial (RCT), two parallel arms.MethodsSixty‐five patients with apnea‐hypopnea index ≥ 15, body mass index < 36, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) ≥ 8, Friedman stage I or II, failing nonsurgical treatment. The intervention group (n = 32) underwent surgery, and the controls (n = 33) had no treatment. At baseline and the 7‐month follow‐up, polysomnography, questionnaires, and vigilance tests were implemented.ResultsAll patients answered the questionnaires, and 48 took the vigilance test. Epworth Sleepiness Scale decreased significantly in the intervention group, from a mean (standard deviation) of 12.5(3.2) to 6.8(3.9), but nonsignificantly in the control group, from 12.9(3.1) to 12.5(3.9), a significant group difference (P < 0.001). The physical and mental component score on the Short Form‐36 questionnaire increased significantly in the intervention group, from a mean 47.8(8.3) to 51.2(8.8) and from 42.1(10.6) to 48.1(9.7), respectively, but with nonsignificant changes in the controls: 49.0(9.0) to 48.3(9.1) and 41.0(10.2) to 42.7(11.5), significant group differences (P = 0.007, P = 0.031), respectively. The sleep latency/vigilance test showed a significant mean increase in the intervention group of 7(12.4) minutes and a decrease in the controls of 2.2(10.6), a significant group difference (P = 0.011). There were significant correlations between changes in subjective outcomes and nocturnal respiration.ConclusionThis RCT shows that modified UPPP was effective in improving daytime sleepiness and quality of life in OSAS patients. It strengthens the body of evidence on the potential effect of surgery offered to selected patients.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 126:1484–1491, 2016
Nutrient dynamics across the river‐sea interface in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary—East China Sea region
Authors: Gao Lei , Li Daoji , Ishizaka Joji , Zhang Yanwei , Zong Haibo , Guo Laodong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA total of 13 cruises were performed in different seasons between July 2010 and July 2012, and in various subsystems of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea (ECS). Multiple vessels were deployed to conduct transect sampling, simultaneous and consecutive sampling, sampling with buoys, and sampling during phytoplankton bloom events, which allowed us to track detached patches of water masses and to collect discrete and time‐series samples in different patches. We found that the river‐derived nutrients from the Changjiang could be transported through the western ECS and reach as far as the northeastern ECS during summer, but in the form of isolated patches rather than continuous plumes. The concentrations of
decreased with increasing seaward distance of these patches, showing largely nonconservative mixing behavior and the ECS being a sink for nutrients. During winter, conversely, all nutrient species showed mostly conservative behavior, with correlative coefficients (R2) even reaching > 0.97 in the salinity‐nutrient correlations for both
and
during the western ECS cruise in February 2012 and during the Changjiang mouth cruise in March 2012. In addition, a large variability in nutrient concentrations was observed within the Changjiang freshwaters and could be partly attributed to inputs from local tributaries. This study highlights the importance of simultaneous field sampling with multiple vessels for investigating the biogeochemical behavior of nutrients in highly dynamic ocean margin areas such as the Changjiang Estuary‐ECS region.
Commercial Plastics: Tertiary Level Postgraduate Education in New Zealand
Authors: Edmonds Neil R. , McKee John , Plimmer Peter N. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe Postgraduate Certificate in Engineering in Plastics (PGCertEng (Plastics)) is a joint initiative between The University of Auckland and Plastics New Zealand and was introduced to meet demand from industry for a high level programme focussed on and the chemistry, design and processing of plastics materials. This need arose from industries employing both engineering and science graduates who generally had little formal education in polymer materials or processing or knowledge of the commercial world of plastics. Four courses are delivered over a two year period with lectures delivered by both academic staff and industry experts.
Teaching from Polymer Molecular Structure to Technological Properties; Requirements in Developing Countries
Authors: North Alastair M. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryPolymer Education is considered against a background of four questions. Why do we teach Polymer Science? To whom and by whom is Polymer Science taught? How can instruction in basic Polymer Science be related to capability in Polymer Technology? What aspects are important in developing countries? In developing countries innovative technological research and gathering “tacit knowledge” are needed if they are to break out of the “middle income trap”. So the education of researchers, mostly in universities, as well as of those who will enter industry directly must encourage holistic thinking. Polymer science is usually taught as polymer chemistry, polymer physics and polymer engineering with very little connection between them. This article suggests how a bridge of understanding, being a consideration of polymer molecular motion, can inter‐relate them.
University Polymer Education in Thailand
Authors: Amornsakchai Taweechai , North Alastair M. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe scope in Thailand of education in Polymer Science and Technology is reviewed. Five technical colleges offer a diploma in rubber science and technology. Several universities offer a bachelor degree in Polymer or Rubber Science and Technology or Engineering. Others offer degrees in Industrial Chemistry or Materials Science which emphasize polymer technology. A number of universities in Thailand are registered to offer postgraduate degree courses in polymer science/technology/engineering. Of course many universities are authorized to teach polymer science or engineering in their degree courses, or are engaged in polymer research, but do not offer degrees specific to Polymer Science and Technology. Masters degrees have been offered for several decades and now a number of doctoral programs are authorized. Instruction is mainly in reasonably equipped university Chemistry Departments, although there is some in Materials Science programs. Most lecturers have a doctoral degree from a developed country, although Thai PhD graduates are now entering employment. In the instructional process attention has to be paid to problems arising from the nature of teaching in Thai schools. Postgraduate instruction must realize the limited coverage of the first degree as well as certain cultural factors. The majority of the Polymer Bachelor graduates move into industry each year. 80% of Master graduates enter industry. Of the PhD graduates, each year 30% work in industry, about 50% become university lecturers particularly at new universities in the provinces and about 20% work in government research institutes.
Polymer Education in Germany
Authors: Theato Patrick 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe present article provides an up‐to‐date overview of the education in polymer science as part of the chemical education in Germany. With the change from the renowned “Diplom” curriculum to a Bachelor‐Master educational system, the educational landscape in Germany has transformed. The intention of this report is to offer German and also foreign students a first overview about polymer education in Germany and the chance to participate. With the change to the globally known Bachelor‐Master education system, students have the possibility to study polymer science at any level ranging from Bachelor degree to a postdoctoral study.
Polymer Education in Brazil: Present Situation
Authors: dos Santos Cláudio G. , Dias Marcos L. , Canevarolo Sebastião V. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryBrazilian institutions involved with polymer education have grown substantially in the last few decades, both in number and quality. This paper provides a panorama of the current situation, presenting a view of the Brazilian educational system and discussing how polymer education evolved in the country and now fits within that structure. Given the continental dimensions of Brazil, a regional analysis is presented examining some aspects of polymer teaching at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The presence of specific courses on polymer science in the syllabi of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering programs delivered by Brazilian institutions is considered. The importance of funding agencies in sponsoring polymer education and research at postgraduate level and the crucial role of the Brazilian Polymer Associtation (ABPol) in promoting all aspects of polymer education in Brazil are highlighted.