bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐Designing a Palliative Dementia Care Framework to Support Holistic Assessment and Decision Making: The EMBED‐Care Framework
Authors: Davies Nathan , Sampson Elizabeth L. , Aworinde Jesutofunmi , Gillam Juliet , Kenten Charlotte , Moore Kirsten , Phillips Bethan , Harvey Catherine , Anderson Janet , Ward Jane , Evans Catherine J. , Ellis‐Smith Clare ,   EMBED‐Care Team
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPeople with dementia have complex palliative care needs that are often unmet, including physical and psycho‐social needs. It is essential to empower people with dementia, family carers and professionals to better assess and manage care needs. We aimed to co‐design a palliative dementia care Framework delivered through a digital app to support holistic assessment and decision making for care in the community and care homes—the EMBED‐Care Framework.MethodsA systematic co‐design approach was adopted to develop the EMBED‐Care Framework across three stages: 1) Framework analysis to synthesise data from preceding evidence reviews, large routine clinical data and cohort studies of unmet palliative dementia care need; 2) Co‐design using iterative workshops with people with dementia, family carers and health and social care professionals to construct the components, design of the app and implementation requirements; and 3) User testing to refine the final Framework and app, and strengthen use for clinical practice and methods of evaluation.ResultsThe Framework was co‐designed for delivery through an app delivered by aTouchAway. It comprised five main components: 1) holistic assessment of palliative care needs using the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale‐Dementia (IPOS‐Dem); 2) alert system of IPOS‐Dem scores to highlight unmet needs; 3) IPOS‐Dem scores and alerts enable shared decision making between the practitioner, patient and/or carer to support priority setting and goals of care; 4) evidence‐informed clinical decision support tools automatically linked with identified needs to manage care; and 5) Training package for users incorporating face‐to‐face sessions, clinical champions who received additional face‐to‐face sessions, animated videos and manual covering the main intervention components and email and telephone support from the research team.ConclusionsThis is a novel digital palliative dementia care intervention to link holistic assessment with clinical decision support tools that are practical and easy to use but address the complexity of palliative dementia care. The Framework is ready for feasibility testing and pilot studies for people with dementia residing at home or in a care home.Patient or Public ContributionWe were guided by our Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) group consisting of three people with mild dementia, including younger onset dementia, and seven family carers throughout the project. They supported the overall development of the Framework, including planning of workshops, interpreting findings and testing the framework in our PPI meetings.
Infants' reliance on rhythm to distinguish languages: A critical review
Authors: Paillereau Nikola , Chládková Kateřina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article reviews empirical methods and findings on early language discrimination, questioning rhythm‐class based hypotheses on language discrimination in infancy, as well as the assumption that early language discrimination is driven primarily (or solely) by temporal prosodic cues. The present work argues that within‐rhythm class discrimination which – according to the rhythmic hypothesis – is not applicable very early in life, has not been sufficiently tested with infants under 4 months of age, that familiarity with a language is not a prerequisite for its discrimination from another rhythmically similar language, and that the temporal rhythm properties may not universally be the primary cues to language discrimination. Although rhythm taxonomy is now by many understood as outdated, some developmental literature still draws on the assumption that rhythm classification determines infants' language discrimination; other studies consider rhythm along a continuous scale and only a few account for cues to language discrimination other than temporal ones. It is proposed that studies on early language discrimination systematically test the contribution of other than temporal rhythm cues, similarly to recent work on multidimensional psychoacoustic salience in the acquisition of segmental categories.
Trade‐union engendered employee trust in senior management: A case study of digitalisation
Authors: Wang Wen , Seifert Roger 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTrade unions can shape employees' positive perceptions of digital technology introduction, and thus help achieve desirable outcomes. Our understanding of why and how remains limited. This article develops the argument that employees' trust in senior management's digital competency is a central issue, and a power‐sharing trade union can play an important role in mediating that relationship. We propose that workplace trade‐union power enables workers to ‘trust’ the process when they know the union can collectively bargain with senior management. This reduces digitalisation‐induced job insecurity, thereby engendering an engaged workforce to remain in post. This leads to our hypothesis that trade‐union voice has both a stronger direct and indirect effect in reducing employees' intention to exit than direct voice (direct communication with senior leaders). Our sequential mediating model supports the hypotheses on both direct and indirect pathways using 520 valid responses to a staff survey during digitalisation from a major UK public service organisation.
Prediction of body condition score throughout lactation by random regression test‐day models
Authors: Atashi H. , Chen Y. , Chelotti J. , Lemal P. , Gengler N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRegular monitoring of body condition score (BCS) changes during lactation is a crucial management tool in dairy cattle; however, the current BCS measurements are often discontinuous and unevenly spaced in time. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of random regression test‐day models (RR‐TDM) to predict BCS for the entire lactation in dairy cows even if the actual scoring is limited to one BCS record. The data consisted of test‐day records of milk yield (MY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP) and BCS (based on a 9‐point scale with unit increments; 1–9) collected from 2014 to 2022 in 128 herds in the Walloon Region of Belgium. In total, 20,698 test‐day records on 2166 first‐parity Holstein cows (2–12 with an average of 9.42 test‐day records per cow) were available for MY, FP and PP; and 7985 records on the same animals (2–12 with an average of 3.68 records per cow) were available for BCS. To estimate the solutions, only one randomly selected BCS record per animal along with all her MY, FP and PP records were used, which were then used to predict BCS data (calibration set). The remaining BCS (1–11 with an average 2.86 BCS records per animal) were used to evaluate the goodness of the predictions (validation set). Multiple‐trait RR‐TDM was used to estimate (co)variance components through the average information restricted maximum likelihood (AI‐REML) algorithm. Predicted BCS were grouped into nine classes as the original observed BCS used for comparison. Pearson correlation between the predicted and observed BCS, prediction error (PE), absolute prediction error (APE) and root mean squared prediction error (RMSE) were calculated. Mean (standard deviation; SD) BCS was 4.97 (1.01), 4.95 (1.07) and 4.98 (1.00) BCS units in the full, calibration and validation datasets, respectively. Pearson correlation between the observed and predicted BCS was 0.71, mean (SD) PE was 0.04 (0.52) BCS units, mean (SD) APE was 0.48 (0.53) BCS units and RMSE was 0.72 BCS units. These findings demonstrate the ability of RR‐TDM to predict BCS for the entire lactation using a single BCS record along with available test‐day records of milk yield and composition in Holstein dairy cows.
Integrating large‐scale meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies improve the genomic prediction accuracy for combined pig populations
Authors: Cai Xiaodian , Zhang Wenjing , Gao Ning , Wei Chen , Wu Xibo , Si Jinglei , Gao Yahui , Li Jiaqi , Yin Tong , Zhang Zhe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe strategy of combining reference populations has been widely recognized as an effective way to enhance the accuracy of genomic prediction (GP). This study investigated the efficiency of genomic prediction using prior information and combined reference population. In total, prior information considering trait‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies (GWAS meta‐analysis) was incorporated into three models to assess the performance of GP using combined reference populations. Two different Yorkshire populations with imputed whole genome sequence (WGS) data (9,741,620 SNPs), named as P1 (1259 individuals) and P2 (1018 individuals), were used to predict genomic estimated breeding values for three live carcass traits, including backfat thickness, loin muscle area, and loin muscle depth. A 10 × 5 fold cross‐validation was used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of 203 randomly selected candidate pigs from the P2 population and the reference population consisted of the remaining pigs from P2 and the stepwise added pigs from P1. By integrating SNPs with different p‐value thresholds from GWAS meta‐analysis downloaded from PigGTEx Project, the prediction accuracy of GBLUP, genomic feature BLUP (GFBLUP) and GBLUP given genetic architecture (BLUP|GA) were compared. Moreover, we explored effects of reference population size and heritability enrichment of genomic features on the prediction accuracy improvement of GFBLUP and BLUP|GA relative to GBLUP. The prediction accuracy of GBLUP using all WGS markers showed average improvement of 4.380% using the P1 + P2 reference population compared with the P2 reference population. Using the combined reference population, GFBLUP and BLUP|GA yielded 6.179% and 5.525% higher accuracies than GBLUP using all SNPs based on the single reference population, respectively. Positive regression coefficients were estimated in relation to the improvement in prediction accuracy (between GFBLUP/BLUP|GA and GBLUP) and the size of the reference as well as the heritability enrichment of genomic features. Compared to the classic GBLUP model, GFBLUP and BLUP|GA models integrating GWAS meta‐analysis information increase the prediction accuracy and using combined populations with enlarged reference population size further enhances prediction accuracy of the two approaches. The heritability enrichment of genomic features can be used as an indicator to reflect weather prior information is accurately presented.
Effects of gum chewing training on occlusal force, masseter muscle thickness and mandibular shape: A randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Jung Hyo‐Jung , Hwangbo Na Kyung , Park Younjung , Ahn Hyung‐Joon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundMasticatory muscle training by chewing gum can be performed easily and improve masticatory muscle function and strength. However, increased masticatory muscle activity and function may alter the mandibular shape.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the effects of gum chewing training on the occlusal force, masseter muscle thickness (MMT) and mandibular shape in healthy adults.MethodsWe conducted a prospective randomised controlled trial from January 2020 to September 2020 at the Yonsei University College of Dentistry. Fifty‐eight participants were randomly assigned to the training and control groups. The training group chewed gum three times a day for 6 months, while the control group received no training. Changes in the maximum occlusal force and MMT were evaluated at baseline and after 1, 3 and 6 months. Changes in the mandibular shape were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months.ResultsThe mean maximum occlusal force of the training group at 3 months was significantly higher than that at baseline, which was also significantly different from that in the control group (p < .001). As the maximum occlusal force increased, the occlusal contact area also increased (p = .020). There was no statistically significant difference in MMT or mandibular shape compared to the baseline.ConclusionMastication training using gum increases maximum occlusal force due to an increase in occlusal contact area but has no effect on MMT or mandibular shape.
Effect of adhesives and mechanical surface treatments on the hard relining of CAD‐CAM denture bases
Authors: Karaokutan Isil , Ayvaz Ilayda , Ozel Gulsum Sayin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of mechanical roughening, adhesive applications, and aging on the bonding between CAD‐CAM denture base materials with distinct chemical contents and hard relining material.Materials and MethodsA total of 300 denture base specimens were produced by additive, subtractive, and conventional heat‐polymerization techniques (N = 100). The specimens have been classified into five subgroups based on the particular surface treatments administered (n = 20): (1) Hard relining material's adhesive application (control); (2) Tungsten carbide bur application for 1 min, and hard reline material's adhesive application; (3) Airborne‐particle abrasion (APA) with 110 μm Al2O3, and hard reline material's adhesive application; (4) Scotchbond Universal application; and (5) Visio.link application. Representative specimens from each subgroup were examined under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Subsequently, self‐cure hard relining material was condensed in the center of the specimens. Half of the specimens were thermally aged with 5000 cycles at 5°C–55°C. The shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed, and failure loads were recorded. The data was evaluated by Robust ANOVA and Bonferroni test (p < 0.05).ResultsNo statistically significant difference was obtained between the production techniques (p = 0.051). The lowest SBS was observed in the control group among surface treatments, while mechanical surface treatments and universal adhesive showed the highest SBS for both aged and non‐aged groups. Aging caused a significant decrease for all test groups (p = 0.001).ConclusionsMechanical surface treatments and universal adhesive applications are more effective for maintaining adhesion across all production techniques.
The Audi Spare‐Parts Case (CJEU): A closer look at critical opinions
Authors: Arora Himanshu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe present article is confined to the legal examination of the ‘critical opinions’ and the ‘misconceptions’ rendered or drawn with regard to a recent judgement of ‘Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)’ in a case, commonly known as ‘Audi Spare Parts Case’ (C‐334/22), whereby the CJEU has disallowed the use of a registered mark/sign (or a shape which is identical or similar to a registered mark/sign) on the spare parts of the car (or any complex product or machine for that matter) which interferes with the ‘essential functions’ of a mark/sign. The article summarily notes the involved facts and the legal context of the aforesaid case and then proceeds to analyse the congruity and the legal validity of the noted ‘critical opinions’, with the support of established legal principles, precedents, and statutory frameworks. The article also addresses and clarifies some misconceptions drawn with regard to the relevant legal concepts (of the Trade Marks Law), and concludes, in the wake of the findings of the legal analysis, that the Hon'ble Court has rightly upheld the intent and purport of ‘The Trade Marks Regulation’. At the end, the implications of the aforesaid judgement are also mentioned within a broader perspective, explaining their significance beyond the immediate context.
Effector CLas0185 targets methionine sulphoxide reductase B1 of Citrus sinensis to promote multiplication of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ via enhancing enzymatic activity of ascorbate peroxidase 1
Authors: Zhang Shushe , Wang Xuefeng , Zhao Tingchang , Zhou Changyong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCitrus huanglongbing (HLB) has been causing enormous damage to the global citrus industry. As the main causal agent, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) delivers a set of effectors to modulate host responses, while the modes of action adopted remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that CLIBASIA_00185 (CLas0185) could attenuate reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Transgenic expression of CLas0185 in Citrus sinensis ‘Wanjincheng’ enhanced plant susceptibility to CLas. We found that methionine sulphoxide reductase B1 (CsMsrB1) was targeted by the effector, and its abundance was elevated in CLas0185‐transgenic citrus plants. Their interaction promoted CLas proliferation. We then determined that CsMsrB1 sustained redox state and enzymatic activity of ascorbate peroxidase 1 (CsAPX1) under oxidative stress. The latter reduced H2O2 accumulation and was associated with host susceptibility to CLas infection. Consistently, citrus plants expressing CLas0185 and CsMsrB1 conferred enhanced APX activity and decreased H2O2 content. Taken together, these findings revealed how CLas0185 benefits CLas colonization by targeting CsMsrB1, which facilitated the antioxidant activity and depressed ROS during pathogen infection.
Biosynthesis of bridged tricyclic sesquiterpenes in Inula lineariifolia
Authors: Wu Yingmei , Chen Xueqing , Hao Fuhua , Liu Yu , Luo Wei , Zhu Yaru , Li Li , Han Fei , Zhang Yunluo , Jiang Ying , Xiong Xingyao , Ro Dae‐Kyun , Shang Yi , Huang Sanwen , Gou Junbo 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYPresilphiperfolane‐type sesquiterpenes represent a unique group of atypical sesquiterpenoids characterized by their distinctive tricyclic structure. They have significant potential as lead compounds for pharmaceutical and agrochemical development. Herein, we utilized a transcriptomic approach to identify a terpene synthase (TPS) gene responsible for the biosynthesis of rare presilphiperfolane‐type sesquiterpenes in Inula lineariifolia, designated as IlTPS1. Through phylogenetic analysis, we have identified the evolutionary conservation of key motifs, including RR(x)8W, DDxxD, and NSE/DTE in IlTPS1, which are shared with other tricyclic sesquiterpene synthases in the TPS‐a subfamily of Asteraceae plants. Subsequent biochemical characterization of recombinant IlTPS1 revealed it to be a multiproduct enzyme responsible for the synthesis of various tricyclic sesquiterpene alcohols from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), resulting in production of seven distinct sesquiterpenes. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry identified presilphiperfolan‐8β‐ol and presilphiperfol‐7‐ene as predominant products. Furthermore, biological activity assays revealed that the products from IlTPS1 exhibited a potent antifungal activity against Nigrospora oryzae. Our study represents a significant advancement as it not only functionally identifies the first step enzyme in presilphiperfolane biosynthesis but also establishes the heterologous bioproduction of these unique sesquiterpenes.
Histologic, Phenotypic, and Molecular Characterization of Feline Hodgkin‐Like Lymphoma With Classical Reed‐Sternberg Cells
Authors: Marconato Laura , Maga Ilaria , Iussich Selina , Benali Silvia , Aresu Luca 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTHodgkin‐like lymphoma (HLL) is a rare neoplasm in cats that shares characteristics with the human disease. The hallmark of HLL is the presence of Reed‐Sternberg (RS) cells expressing CD30 and CD20. This study aimed to elucidate the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and clonality patterns of feline HLL. A comprehensive retrospective review of clinicopathologic and molecular data of nodal lymphomas over a 6‐year period was conducted in MyLav laboratory. Twenty‐four cases were identified. All cats presented with submandibular or retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy. Histopathologic examination revealed a multifocal to diffuse proliferation of medium‐to‐large lymphoid cells with low mitotic activity, interspersed RS cells, and a heterogeneous inflammatory infiltrate comprising T‐cells, plasma cells and neutrophils. In addition, extensive necrosis was a consistent finding. Immunohistochemistry showed a variable membranous CD20 and nuclear PAX5 expression in neoplastic cells, while RS cells displayed only mild to moderate CD20 positivity and were negative to PAX5. In 21/24 cases (87.5%), RS cells were diffusely CD30‐positive. PARR analysis demonstrated clonal B‐cell expansion in 60% of cases, with the remaining 40% exhibiting polyclonality. For the 10 cats with available follow‐up, the prognosis was generally favourable, with only two cats succumbing to progressive disease. In conclusion, diagnosing feline HLL is challenging. The expression of CD30 and CD20 by RS cells should be considered a hallmark of the disease, but only after excluding differential diagnoses such as anaplastic B‐cell lymphoma and granulomatous lymphadenopathy.
Ventilator‐induced diaphragm dysfunction: phenomenology and mechanism(s) of pathogenesis
Authors: Powers Scott K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMechanical ventilation (MV) is used to support ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange in patients during critical illness and surgery. Although MV is a life‐saving intervention for patients in respiratory failure, an unintended side‐effect of MV is the rapid development of diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction. This MV‐induced diaphragmatic weakness is labelled as ‘ventilator‐induced diaphragm dysfunction’ (VIDD). VIDD is an important clinical problem because diaphragmatic weakness is a risk factor for the failure to wean patients from MV. Indeed, the inability to remove patients from ventilator support results in prolonged hospitalization and increased morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of VIDD has been extensively investigated, revealing that increased mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species within diaphragm muscle fibres promotes a cascade of redox‐regulated signalling events leading to both accelerated proteolysis and depressed protein synthesis. Together, these events promote the rapid development of diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction. This review highlights the MV‐induced changes in the structure/function of diaphragm muscle and discusses the cell‐signalling mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of VIDD. This report concludes with a discussion of potential therapeutic opportunities to prevent VIDD and suggestions for future research in this exciting field.
image