bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseball and Culture: A Case-Study Examination of the Korean Baseball Organization Documentary Full Count
Authors: Hull Kevin , Choi Minhee 
Published: August 2024

During the 2022 season, a documentary crew followed the teams and players in the Korean Baseball Organization, resulting in a 10-episode series Full Count that debuted the following year. The series was broadcast initially in South Korea; however, a later international release through a streaming platform allowed for increased worldwide exposure for the league, teams, players, and, perhaps somewhat uniquely, the culture and traditions in the home country. Therefore, even though the focus was baseball, this program provided a unique opportunity for the world to learn about the people and values of South Korea. Using constant comparative methodology, the following themes emerged: (a) emphasizing team over individual, (b) respecting elders, (c) overcoming adversity, and (d) playing with honor.
Expanding the genetic toolbox for
Neisseria meningitidis
with efficient tools for unmarked gene editing, complementation, and labeling
Authors: Wuckelt Morgane , Laurent Audrey , Mouville Clémence , Meyer Julie , Jamet Anne , Lecuyer Hervé , Nassif Xavier , Bille Emmanuelle , Pelicic Vladimir , Coureuil Mathieu 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

The efficient natural transformation of
Neisseria meningitidis
allows the rapid construction of bacterial mutants in which the genes of interest are interrupted or replaced by antibiotic-resistance cassettes. However, this proved to be a double-edged sword, i.e., although facilitating the genetic characterization of this important human pathogen, it has limited the development of strategies for constructing markerless mutants without antibiotic-resistance markers. In addition, efficient tools for complementation or labeling are also lacking in
N. meningitidis
. In this study, we significantly expand the meningococcal genetic toolbox by developing new and efficient tools for the construction of markerless mutants (using a dual counterselection strategy), genetic complementation (using integrative vectors), and cell labeling (using a self-labeling protein tag). This expanded toolbox paves the way for more in-depth genetic characterization of
N. meningitidis
and might also be useful in other
Neisseria
species.

IMPORTANCE

Neisseria meningitidis
and
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
are two important human pathogens. Research focusing on these bacteria requires genetic engineering, which is facilitated by their natural ability to undergo transformation. However, the ease of mutant engineering has led the
Neisseria
community to neglect the development of more sophisticated tools for gene editing, particularly for
N. meningitidis
. In this study, we have significantly expanded the meningococcal genetic toolbox by developing novel and efficient tools for markerless mutant construction, genetic complementation, and cell tagging. This expanded toolbox paves the way for more in-depth genetic characterization of
N. meningitidis
and might also be useful in other
Neisseria
species.
CD81 fusion alters SARS-CoV-2 Spike trafficking
Authors: Cone Allaura S. , Zhou Yijun , McNamara Ryan P. , Eason Anthony. B. , Arias Gabriel F. , Landis Justin T. , Shifflett Kyle W. , Chambers Meredith G. , Yuan Runjie , Willcox Smaranda , Griffith Jack D. , Dittmer Dirk P. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic caused the biggest public health crises in recent history. Many expect future coronavirus introductions into the human population. Hence, it is essential to understand the basic biology of these viruses. In natural infection, the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) glycoprotein is co-expressed with all other viral proteins, which modify cellular compartments to maximize virion assembly. By comparison, most of S is degraded when the protein is expressed in isolation, as in current molecular vaccines. To probe the maturation pathway of S, we redirected its maturation by fusing S to the tetraspanin protein CD81. CD81 is a defining constituent of extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes. EVs are generated in large numbers by all cells, extruded into blood and lymph, and transfer cargo between cells and systemically (estimated 10
12
EVs per mL plasma). EVs, like platelets, can be transfused between unrelated donors. When fusing the proline-stabilized form of strain Delta S into the flexible, large extracellular loop of CD81 rather than being degraded in the lysosome, S was extruded into EVs. CD81-S fusion containing EVs were produced in large numbers and could be isolated to high purity. Purified CD81::S EVs bound ACE2, and S displayed on individual EV was observed by cryogenic electron microscopy (EM). The CD81::S-fusion EVs were non-toxic and elicited an anti-S trimer and anti-RBD antibody response in mice. This report shows a design path to maximize viral glycoprotein assembly and release without relying on the co-expression of potentially pathogenic nonstructural viral proteins.

IMPORTANCE
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic caused the biggest public health crises in recent history. To understand the maturation pathway of S, we fused S to the tetraspanin protein CD81. The resulting molecule is secreted in extracellular vesicles and induces antibodies in mice. This may be a general design path for viral glycoprotein vaccines.
Recognition of crustal extension in the Basin and Range Province: A history
Authors: Osborn Gerald 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Basin and Range Province of the western United States has inspired or augmented many important geological ideas but is most famous for the concept of crustal extension. Acceptance of the concept was a slow process. Prior to the recognition of plate tectonics, extension was unexpected and hard to understand; when mapping of the region began in the 1860s, mountain ranges were assumed to be the products of crustal compression due to contraction of the Earth. The first mapping suggested that ranges are anticlinal folds, but the idea of uplift along vertical range-bounding faults arose shortly thereafter. There was recognition starting in the 1880s that at least some faults were normal-sense rather than vertical, which implied extension, but there were decades of dissent by geologists who still promoted the anticlinal-folding idea, thought that inclined faults were reverse faults, or believed that the basins and ranges were created by water or wind or glacial erosion rather than tectonics. Normal faulting gradually became widely accepted, but comprehension of its meaning was hindered by apparent thrust faults in parts of the province that suggested contractional deformation. These faults would later be interpreted as low-angle normal faults, and crustal extension became widely, though not universally, accepted in the 1960s as magnetic anomalies confirmed seafloor spreading. Roughly a century elapsed between the first geologic mapping and general acceptance of crustal extension. A parallel evolution of thought occurred in Africa as a consensus arose that rift valleys were products of extension.
Characterization of Tracking Modules Based on DSSD Sensors at the SC-1000 Accelerator for the BM@N Project
Authors: Dementev D. V. , Sheremetev A. D. , Shitenkov M. O. , Leontiev V. V. , Rufanov I. A. , Murin Yu. A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The results of studying characteristics of modules based on double-sided microstrip silicon sensors, which are designed to create the wide-aperture Silicon Tracking System for the BM@N facility, are presented. The main module features are the use of fast readout electronics based on the STS-XYTER chip and the application of ultralight (0.23% X0) aluminum microcables for transmitting analog signals from the sensor strips to the input channels of the readout electronics. The results of testing different configurations of tracking modules on the extracted beam of protons at the SC-1000 accelerator in the PNPI are presented. The stable operation of readout electronics is demonstrated at loads close to the maximum values of 360 kHz s–1 cm–2. The signal-to-noise ratio was no less than 23. The measured coordinate resolution of the modules within the beam telescope was 17 ± 0.4 μm, and the detector efficiency of recording for protons with energy of 1 GeV was no less than 99%.
Prospective comparative study of quality of life in patients with bladder cancer undergoing cystectomy with ileal conduit or bladder preservation
Authors: Murthy Vedang , Kashid Sheetal R , Pal Mahendra , Vadassery Alvina , Maitre Priyamvada , Arora Amandeep , Singh Pallavi , Joshi Amit , Bakshi Ganesh , Prakash Gagan 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients undergoing radical cystectomy with ileal conduit (RC) or bladder preservation (BP) with (chemo)radiotherapy for bladder cancer.Methods and analysisPatients with bladder cancer, stage cT1–T4, cN0–N1, M0 with a minimum follow-up of 6 months from curative treatment (RC or BP) and without disease were eligible for inclusion. Two HRQOL instruments were administered: Bladder Cancer Index (BCI) for bladder cancer-specific HRQOL and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). The mean QOL scores across various domains and specific questions were compared between the two treatment groups using an independent t-test.ResultsOut of the 104 enrolled patients, 56 underwent RC and 48 opted for BP, with 95 (91.3%) being male. The median time from treatment completion to QOL assessment was 22 months (IQR 10–56). The median age for the entire cohort was 62 years (IQR 55–68), 65.5 years (IQR 55–71) in BP and 59.5 years (IQR 55–66) in RC. There was no significant difference in mean BCI urinary and bowel scores in function or bother subdomains between the two groups. Overall, BCI sexual scores were low in both groups but significantly better after BP (BPmean 56.9, RCmean 41.5, p=0.01). Mean scores for sexual function subdomain were BPmean 38.4 and RCmean 25 (p=0.07) and for sexual bother were BPmean 81 RCmean 62 (p=0.02). The EORTC QLQ-C30 outcomes did not show a significant difference in either group.ConclusionThe BP group showed significantly better results in the sexual domain compared with the RC group. Both groups had good QOL in terms of urinary and bowel functions
Maternal anaemia and polycythaemia during pregnancy and risk of inappropriate birth weight for gestational age babies: a retrospective cohort study in the northern belt of Ghana
Authors: Adjei-Gyamfi Silas , Zakaria Mary Sakina , Asirifi Abigail , Issahaku Sulley , Ibrahim Mohammed Awal , Aryee Paul Armah 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundSmall for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) births are topical issues due to their devastating effects on the life course and are also accountable for neonatal mortalities and long-term morbidities.ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that abnormal haemoglobin levels in each trimester of pregnancy will increase the risk of SGA and LGA deliveries in Northern Ghana.DesignA retrospective cohort study was conducted from April to July 2020.Settings and participants422 postpartum mothers who had delivered in the last 6–8 weeks before their interview dates were recruited through a systematic random sampling technique from five primary and public health facilities in Northern Ghana.Primary measuresUsing the INTERGROWTH-21st standard, SGA and LGA births were obtained. Haemoglobin levels from antenatal records were analysed to determine their effect on SGA and LGA births by employing multinomial logistic regression after adjusting for sociodemographic and obstetric factors at a significance level of α=0.05.ResultsPrevalence of anaemia in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy was 63.5%, 71.3% and 45.3%, respectively, and that of polycythaemia in the corresponding trimesters of pregnancy was 5.9%, 3.6% and 1.7%. About 8.8% and 9.2% of the women delivered SGA and LGA babies, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, anaemic mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy had an increased risk of having SGA births (adjusted OR, aOR 5.56; 95% CI 1.65 to 48.1; p<0.001). Mothers with polycythaemia in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy were 93% (aOR 0.07; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.46; p=0.040), 85% (aOR 0.15; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.64; p<0.001) and 88% (aOR 0.12; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.15; p=0.001) protected from having SGA births, respectively. Interestingly, anaemia and polycythaemia across all trimesters of pregnancy were not statistically significant with LGA births.ConclusionAnaemia during pregnancy increased from the first to the second trimester and subsequently decreased in the third trimester while polycythaemia consistently decreased from the first to the third trimester. LGA babies were more predominant compared with SGA babies. While anaemia in the third trimester of pregnancy increased the risk of SGA births, polycythaemia across the trimesters offered significant protection. Healthcare providers and stakeholders should target pressing interventions for anaemia reduction throughout pregnancy, especially during the third trimester to achieve healthy birth outcomes.
Does regional implementation of a clinical pathway for older adult patients with pelvic fragility fractures after low-energy trauma improve patient outcomes (PELVIC): a multicentre, stepped-wedge, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mennen Anna H M , Lommerse Marte , Hemke Robert , Willems Hanna C , Maas Mario , Bloemers Frank W , Ponsen Kees Jan , Van Embden Daphne 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPatients with pelvic fragility fractures suffer from high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite the high incidence, there is currently no regional or nationwide treatment protocol which results in a wide variety of clinical practices. Recently, there have been new insights into treatment strategies, such as early diagnosis and minimally invasive operative treatment. The aim of this study is to implement an evidence-based and experience-based treatment clinical pathway to improve outcomes in this fragile patient population.Methods and analysisThis study will be a regional stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial. All older adult patients (≥50 years old) who suffered a pelvic fragility fracture after low-energetic trauma are eligible for inclusion. The pathway aims to optimise the diagnostic process, to guide the decision-making process for further treatment (eg, operative or conservative), to structure the follow-up and to provide guidelines on pain management, weight-bearing and osteoporosis workup. The primary outcome is mobility, measured by the Parker Mobility Score. Secondary outcomes are mobility measured by the Elderly Mobility Scale, functional performance, quality of life, return to home rate, level of pain, type and dosage of analgesic medications, the number of falls after treatment, the number of (fracture-related) complications, 1-year and 2-year mortality. Every 6 weeks, a cluster will switch from current practice to the clinical pathway. The aim is a total of 393 inclusions, which provides an 80% statistical power for an improvement in mobility of 10%, measured by the Parker mobility score.Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Research Ethics Committee of Academic Medical Center has exempted the PELVIC study from the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (WMO). Informed consent will be obtained using the opt-out method and research data will be stored in a database and handled confidentially. The final study report will be shared via publication without restrictions from funding parties and regardless of the outcome.Trial registration numberNCT06054165.Protocol versionV.1.0, 19 July 2022
Reproductive and sexual health literacy and associated factors among late-adolescent high school students in Arba Minch and Sawla towns, Southern Ethiopia, 2023: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kelecha Yirgalem Tola , Mehammud Bedria Mohammed , Goda Habtamu Samuel , Toma Temesgen Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundAdequate literacy in reproductive and sexual health is essential for adolescents to obtain, comprehend, evaluate and apply information necessary for making well-informed decisions, as low literacy leads to harmful decision-making, risk-taking and poorer health and self-management. These factors increase the magnitude and severity of problems related to sexuality and reproduction, including unintended pregnancy, HIV/sexually transmitted infections, unsafe abortion and death. However, information regarding the status and affecting factors of literacy in the reproductive and sexual health of adolescents is scarce.ObjectiveTo assess reproductive and sexual health literacy status and associated factors among late-adolescent high school students.DesignA cross-sectional, institution-based study.SettingThe study included eight secondary schools in Arba Minch town (Gamo Zone) and three in Sawla town (Gofa Zone) in the South Ethiopia Region.MethodsThe study was done between 20 May and 20 June 2023, among late adolescent high school students. Using multistage sampling, 577 students were recruited. Reproductive health literacy was assessed using the Health Literacy Measure for Adolescents tool. Data were loaded into EpiData-V.3.1 and analysed using SPSS-V.25. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify associated factors. Variables with a p value <0.25 in bivariable logistic regression were candidates for multivariable logistic regression. A Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic was checked and satisfied. Statistical significance was indicated at a p value<0.05.ResultThe proportion of students with limited reproductive and sexual health literacy was 69.6% (CI 65.3% to 72.8%). The limited literacy status was significantly associated with school type (public school AOR 0.28 (0.17 to 0.46)), mother’s occupation (merchant AOR 0.42 (0.23 to 0.76)), family monthly income (income 10 000–20 000 birr AOR 0.45 (0.22 to 0.95)), having regular physical exercise >30 min (more than once per week, AOR 0.44 (0.23 to 0.84)), and knowledge about condoms (poor AOR 2.23 (1.38 to 3.64)).ConclusionA notable segment of adolescents exhibited limited reproductive and sexual health literacy. The result emphasises the necessity of all relevant parties to work diligently to guarantee that school adolescents can easily obtain, comprehend, evaluate and use reproductive and sexuality-related information.
Causes of sudden unexpected death in infants with and without pre-existing conditions: a retrospective autopsy study
Authors: Cattermole Rosalie , Hutchinson John Ciaran , Palm Liina , Sebire Neil J 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveWe investigated sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) autopsy data from 1996 to 2015 inclusive, comparing findings from infants with and without pre-existing medical conditions.DesignLarge, retrospective single-centre autopsy series.SettingTertiary paediatric hospital, London, UK.MethodsNon-identifiable autopsy findings were extracted from an existing research database for infants older than 7 days up to and including 365 days old who died suddenly and unexpectedly (SUDI; n=1739). Cases were classified into SUDI with pre-existing condition (SUDI-PEC) (n=233) versus SUDI without PEC (SUDI non-PEC) (n=929), where PEC indicates a potentially life-limiting pre-existing medical condition. Findings were compared between groups including evaluation of type of PEC and whether the deaths were medically explained (infectious or non-infectious) or apparently unexplained.ResultsMedian age of death was greater in SUDI-PEC compared with SUDI non-PEC (129 days vs 67 days) with similar male to female ratio (1.4:1). A greater proportion of deaths were classified as medically explained in SUDI-PEC versus SUDI non-PEC (73% vs 30%). Of the explained SUDI, a greater proportion of deaths were non-infectious for SUDI-PEC than SUDI non-PEC (66% vs 32%). SUDI-PEC (infectious) infants were most likely to have respiratory infection (64%), with susceptible PEC, including neurological, prematurity with a PEC, and syndromes or other anomalies.ConclusionSUDI-PEC deaths occur later in infancy and are likely to have their death attributed to their PEC, even in the absence of specific positive autopsy findings. Future research should aim to further define this cohort to help inform SUDI postmortem guidelines, paediatric clinical practice to reduce infant death, and to reduce the risk of overattribution of deaths in the context of a PEC.
New one-parameter models of dynamical particles in spatially flat FLRW space-times
Authors: Cotăescu Ion I. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNew one-parameter models of non-rotating dynamical particles are derived as isotropic solutions of Einstein’s equations with perfect fluid in space-times with FLRW asymptotic behaviour, thus generalizing the models recently proposed by Cotăescu (Eur. Phys. J. C 82:86, 2022). These particles are produced by central singularities of the fluid density but without changing the pressure of the asymptotic FLRW space-times. The principal features of these models are investigated using a brief graphical analysis to elucidate the role of the new free parameter. The conclusion is that this gives rise to families of models which behave as non-rotating black holes in the physical space domain bordered by the black hole and cosmological horizons.
Variance-based uncertainty relations and entanglement amplification for particles constrained on a torus
Authors: Bashir Asma , Javed Hafiz Muhammad Asif , Wasay Muhammad Abdul , Mahr Muhammad Shabir , Iqbal Muhammad Zafar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe formulate the variance-based uncertainty relations (URs) via the Robertson’s inequality, for a 2-particle entangled system constrained on a torus and subject to a stationary magnetic field $$\mathcal {\vec {B}}$$

B
→

. We explore the system’s parameter space and show that these new URs have field-tunable uncertainty bounds. Our analysis reveals that $$\mathcal {\vec {A}}$$

A
→

(vector potential) induces a phase shift in the state, due to the Aharonov–Bohm effect, leading to a perturbed system dynamics which results in asymmetric product of variance ($$\mathcal {POV}$$
POV
). Additionally, we give the critical range of $$\mathcal {\vec {A}}$$

A
→

and $$\mathcal {\vec {B}}$$

B
→

where the system acts as an entanglement amplifier; this amplification is also discussed under various geometric parameters. The possibility of reducing the $$\mathcal {POV}$$
POV
of the conjugate pair [q, p] below the known benchmark value by the Generalized Uncertainty Relation (GUR) is also demonstrated. Finally, we check the susceptibility of state coherence to $$\mathcal {\vec {B}}$$

B
→

by saturating the angular momentum uncertainty relation and identify the critical coherence value $${\mathcal {B}}_c$$

B
c

such that when $${\mathcal {B}}\ne {\mathcal {B}}_c$$

B
≠

B
c

, the state decoheres.