bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grenzen von Inklusion und Exklusion. Sozialräumliche Regulierung von Fremdheit und Armut im Europa der Neuzeit
Authors: Raphael Lutz 
Published: February 2015

Borders and Limits of Exclusion/Inclusion. Spatial Regimes for Poor People and Strangers in Modern Europe Taking up the debate about the active role of space (both as a physical unit and a mental map) in shaping social relations, the article defines four elementary forms of using space for the sake of excluding or including strangers or poor people in society in Modern Europe. «The settlement» or belonging to a local community, the border and pass controls, the places of confinement and the ghetto are discussed as four structures of longue durée that have even survived the transformations European societies underwent since 1800. But industrialisation, nation building and Welfare regimes have altered their functions and added mainly two new spatial structures to these established spatial regimes. The homogeneous national container space, the nation-state, has given more or less equal rights and living standards for poor or strangers on the territory of the nation state. The spatial segregation has become the most effective but politically and morally contested form of both excluding and including social groups along lines of class, race or ethnicity in European cities since the nineteenth century.
Metropolenkonkurrenz. Die Weltausstellungen in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Lenger Friedrich 
Published: February 2015

Competing Metropolises. The World Expositions of the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century The article analyses the world expositions from 1851 to 1900 as representations of western modernity and focuses on three of its dimensions: The first one is crystallised in the dominance of modern machinery as symbol of the industrial era in the expositions themselves. The second concerns the rise of mass culture and mass tourism already obvious in the earliest expositions but usually attributed by researchers to an «organised modernity» of later days. And finally the negotiations over standards of the modern city are considered which were pushed forward by the intertwinement of expositions and urban development. With respect to all three dimensions the tension between the claim of universality manifest in these celebrations of western modernity and the representation of the non-western world at the world fairs is of special interest.
Inside the Humanitarian Cloud: Causes and Motivations to Help Friends and Strangers
Authors: Laqua Daniel 
Published: February 2015

Inside the Humanitarian Cloud: Causes and Motivations to Help Friends and Strangers This introductory essay examines humanitarianism as both a concept and a practice. The piece discusses the tropes and ideas that sustained the construction of humanitarian causes – from compassion and solidarity to moral outrage. It subsequently focuses on strategies and mechanisms that sustained humanitarian campaigns, in particular the use of «information politics». Finally, it sheds light on the ways in which activists viewed the objects of their campaigns. In this context, the tension between identification and self-interest emerges as a major theme. The essay seeks to capture the different features of humanitarianism and its protagonists through the metaphor of the «humanitarian cloud».
Effect of pain control in suspected acute appendicitis on the diagnostic accuracy of surgical residents
Authors: Kang KyeongWon , Kim Woo Jeong , Kim Kyuseok , Jo You Hwan , Rhee Joong Eui , Lee Jin Hee , Kim Yu-jin , Lee JaeHuk , Kang Sung-Bum , Kim Duck-Woo , Lee Kyung-Ho , Hoon Kim Young , Park Hyun Mi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of early pain relief for patients with suspected appendicitis on the diagnostic performance of surgical residents.MethodsA prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted for patients with suspected appendicitis. The patients were randomized to receive placebo (normal saline intravenous [IV]) infusions over 5 minutes or the study drug (morphine 5 mg IV). All of the clinical evaluations by surgical residents were performed 30 minutes after administration of the study drug or placebo. After obtaining the clinical probability of appendicitis, as determined by the surgical residents, abdominal computed tomography was performed. The primary objective was to compare the influence of IV morphine on the ability of surgical residents to diagnose appendicitis.ResultsA total of 213 patients with suspected appendicitis were enrolled. Of these patients, 107 patients received morphine, and 106 patients received placebo saline. The negative appendectomy percentages in each group were similar (3.8% in the placebo group and 3.2% in the pain control group, p=0.62). The perforation rates in each group were also similar (18.9% in the placebo group and 14.3% in the pain control group, p=0.75). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the overall diagnostic accuracy in each group was similar (the area under the curve of the placebo group and the pain control group was 0.63 v. 0.61, respectively, p=0.81).ConclusionsEarly pain control in patients with suspected appendicitis does not affect the diagnostic performance of surgical residents.
Bronchodilator and steroid use for the management of bronchiolitis in Canadian pediatric emergency departments
Authors: Plint Amy C. , Grenon Renee , Klassen Terry P. , Johnson David W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveGiven the recent publication of several large trials and systematic reviews, we undertook a study of the current management of bronchiolitis in Canadian pediatric emergency departments (EDs) and explored physicians’ rationale for their treatment decisions. The overarching purpose of this study was to assist in planning a future trial of combined epinephrine and dexamethasone for bronchiolitis.MethodsPhysicians in the Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) database received an 18-item electronic survey. A modified Dillman method was used.ResultsOf the 271 physicians surveyed, 191 (70.1%) responded. The majority (120 of 271; 66.5%) reported ‘‘typically’’ giving a bronchodilator trial in the ED, with respondents almost evenly divided between treatment with salbutamol (n=62) and treatment with epinephrine (n=61). Of those who use salbutamol, 77.4% indicated that they prefer it because it can be prescribed for home use. Of those who use epinephrine, 80.3% indicated that they believe the medical literature supports its benefit over salbutamol. Few participants (2.6%) reported ‘‘always’’ using steroids, whereas the majority (62.8%) reported ‘‘sometimes’’ using them. The most common factor reported to influence steroid use was illness severity (73.3%). The majority (60.5%) reported that if corticosteroids were beneficial in bronchiolitis, they prefered treatment with a single dose in the ED as opposed to a multiday course.ConclusionsOur results indicate that physicians practicing in Canadian pediatric EDs commonly use bronchodilators to manage bronchiolitis but use corticosteroids less commonly. They appear to be uncomfortable using corticosteroids, particularly longer courses, and have a stated preference for a single dose. Any future trial examining the role of corticosteroids in bronchiolitis should carefully consider the issue of steroid dosage.
Normal renal sonogram identifies renal colic patients at low risk for urologic intervention: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yan Justin W. , McLeod Shelley L. , Edmonds Marcia L. , Sedran Robert J. , Theakston Karl D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroductionDetermining which patients with ureterolithiasis are likely to require urologic intervention is a common challenge in the emergency department (ED). The objective was to determine if normal renal sonogram could identify low-risk renal colic patients, who were defined as not requiring urologic intervention within 90 days of their initial ED visit and can be managed conservatively.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study involving adult patients presenting to the EDs of a tertiary care centre with suspected renal colic over a 20-month period. Renal ultrasonography (US) was performed in the diagnostic imaging department by trained ultrasonographers, and the results were categorized into four mutually exclusive groups: normal, suggestive of ureterolithiasis, visualized ureteric stone, or findings unrelated to urolithiasis. Electronic medical records were reviewed to determine if patients received urologic intervention within 90 days of their ED visit.ResultsOf 610 patients enrolled, 341 (55.9%) had US for suspected renal colic. Of those, 105 (30.8%) were classified as normal; none of these patients underwent urologic intervention within 90 days of their ED visit. Ninety (26.4%) US results were classified as suggestive, and nine (10%) patients received urologic intervention. A total of 139 (40.8%) US results were classified as visualized ureteric stone, and 34 (24.5%) patients had urologic intervention. Seven (2.1%) US results were classified as findings unrelated to urolithiasis, and none of these patients required urologic intervention. The rate of urologic intervention was significantly lower in those with normal US results (p<0.001) than in those with abnormal findings.ConclusionA normal renal sonogram predicts a low likelihood for urologic intervention within 90 days for adult ED patients with suspected renal colic.
Monitoring and Analysis of the Performance Data of a RO-PAX Ship in the Perspective of Energy Efficiency
Authors: Maria Galli Anna , Gualeni Paola , Stranieri Giuseppe , Qualich Stefano , Cusano Giovanni 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The rising cost of fuel, the more and more severe international standards and a growing awareness of the environmental impact of pollutant emissions have led energy efficiency to become a theme of great interest in the marine sector. The strategy for increasing energy efficiency may refer both to the consumption reduction and to the increase of energy recovery systems. This need turns out in monitoring and control strategies for energy processes on board. Monitoring information is recorded and stocked in a database, that needs to be analyzed to find out patterns in large data sets. A huge amount of data, from a RO-PAX ship, has been analyzed in order to gain a further insight into ship performances. Improvements in ship energy performances could be reached with an intense study of the historical data of the vessel attitude.
Prediction of Tonal Underwater Noise Pattern from Cavitating Propellers with Special Attention to Ice Cover Effects
Authors: Streckwall Heinrich , Bretschneider Herbert 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
To predict underwater noise spectra associated to regular occurrence of propeller cavitation we have extended an existing method [1] (used for the prediction of fluctuating hull pressures) to become applicable for effects that are linked to a finite speed of sound. In [2] an intermediate approach was realized where (besides the hull) far field boundaries were introduced but the incompressible flow assumption was kept. However compressibility effects become noticeable in the far field, which may be judged to start at some 2-3 propeller-diameters distance from the centre of the cavitation events, if we confine to emissions at 1st-4th blade frequency. It was a logical continuation of our former efforts to realize a compressible flow model and integrate the propeller as a noise source. Having increased the functionality of our approach by referencing the speed of sound, the precision of the method was also somehow reduced. In our former approach, like in comparable approaches (see for instance [3] and [4]), the singularity system generating the near field propeller induced pressures involved various sources and vortices distributed on the propeller blades. With our current compressible approach this complexity was dropped, as a single point source substitutes the cavitating propeller. Such a simplification correlates with the assumption, that the monopole character of a noise source is decisive for the far field noise levels. In this contribution we outline the steps characterizing the procedure for predicting tonal underwater noise from cavitating propellers. In the first step a Vortex Lattice Method (VLM) is used to access the cavitation pattern on the propeller with special focus on the cavity volume attached to one blade. The second step accumulates the distributed cavities to establish a fluctuating point source of equivalent far field noise characteristic. As relevant limits the hull, the free surface, the sea bottom and an ice cover are introduced. Using finally a Boundary Element Method (BEM) approach the relevant noise characteristics are derived, accounting for external boundaries and for the finite speed of sound. The results provided here are focused on a comparative treatment of different scenarios, mainly addressing ice cover effects at finite the water depth.
Problems of Modelling Toxic Compounds Emitted by a Marine Internal Combustion Engine in Unsteady States
Authors: Rudnicki Jacek , Zadrąg Ryszard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Contemporary engine tests are performed based on the theory of experiment. The available versions of programmes used for analysing experimental data make frequent use of the multiple regression model, which enables examining effects and interactions between input model parameters and a single output variable. The use of multi-equation models provides more freedom in analysing the measured results, as those models enable simultaneous analysis of effects and interactions between many output variables. They can also be used as a tool in preparing experimental material for other advanced diagnostic tools, such as the models making use of neural networks which, when properly prepared, enable also analysing measurement results recorded during dynamic processes.
The article presents advantages of the use of the abovementioned analytical tools and a sample application of the neural model developed based on the results of examination carried out on the engine research rig.
Mathematical Model of Piston Ring Sealing in Combustion Engine
Authors: Koszałka Grzegorz , Guzik Mirosław 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This paper presents a mathematical model of piston-rings-cylinder sealing (TPC) of a combustion engine. The developed model is an itegrated model of gas flow through gaps in TPC unit, displacements and twisting motions of piston rings in ring grooves as well as generation of oil film between ring face surfaces and cylinder liner. Thermal deformations and wear of TPC unit elements as well as heat exchange between flowing gas and surrounding walls, were taken into account in the model. The paper contains descriptions of: assumptions used for developing the model, the model itself, its numerical solution as well as its computer application for carrying out simulation tests.
Analysis of Deformations of the Skylight Construction at the Main Hall of the Warsaw University of Technology
Authors: Odziemczyk Waldemar 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The paper presents technology and results of measurements of the steel construction of the skylight of the Main Hall of the Warsaw University of Technology. The new version of the automated measuring system has been used for measurements. This system is based on Leica TCRP1201+ total station and the TCcalc1200 software application, developed by the author, which operates on a laptop computer connected with the total station by the wire. Two test measurements were performed. Each of them consisted of cyclic measurement using the polar method, from one station; points located on the skylight construction, as well as control points located on concrete, bearing poles, were successively measured. Besides geometrical values (such as Hz, V angles and the slope distance D), the changes of temperature and atmospheric pressure, were also recorded. Processed results of measurements contained information concerning the behaviour of the skylight; asymmetry of horizontal displacements with respect to the X axis have been proved. Changes of parameters of the instrument telescope and changes of the instrument orientation were also stated; they were connected with changes of the temperature. The most important results of works have been presented in the form of diagrams.
Determination of Rectification Corrections for Semi Gantry Crane Rail Axes in the Local 3D Coordinate System
Authors: Filipiak Daria , Kamiński Waldemar 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Electronic tacheometers are currently the standard instruments used in geodetic work, including also geodetic engineering measurements. The main advantage connected with this equipment is among others high accuracy of the measurement and thus high accuracy of the final determinations represented for example by the points’ coordinates. One of many applications of the tacheometers is the measurement of crane rail axes. This measurement is based on polar method and it allows to get the spatial coordinates of points in 3D local system. The standard technology of measurement of crane rail axes and development of its calculations’ results is well-known and widely presented in the subject literature. At the same time new methods of observations results evaluation are developing.
Some new proposals for the development of measurement results were already presented in (Kamiński, 2013).
This paper is a generalisation of the paper quoted above. The authors developed the concept which was presented there by a proposal for determining rectification corrections for semi gantry crane rail axes. To carried out the task, the parametric method with conditions on parameters was used. Moreover the practical tests on simulated measurement results were conducted. The results obtained from alignment confirmed the theoretical assumptions.
Despite the fact that analyses were carried out only on the simulated data, it is already possible to say that presented method for determination of rectification corrections for crane rail axes can be used for development of the observations from real measurement.
Development of Large Concrete Object Geometrical Model Based on Terrestrial Laser Scanning
Authors: Zaczek-Peplinska Janina , Popielski Paweł , Kasprzak Adam , Wójcik Paweł 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The paper presents control periodic measurements of movements and survey of concrete dam on Dunajec River in Rożnów, Poland. Topographical survey was conducted using laser scanning technique. The goal of survey was data collection and creation of a geometrical model. Acquired cross- and horizontal sections were utilised to create a numerical model of object behaviour at various load depending of changing level of water in reservoir. Modelling was accomplished using finite elements technique. During the project an assessment was conducted to terrestrial laser scanning techniques for such type of research of large hydrotechnical objects such as gravitational water dams. Developed model can be used to define deformations and displacement prognosis.
The Effect of Elastic Therapeutic Taping on Back Extensor Muscle Endurance in Patients With Low Back Pain: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial
Authors: Hagen Lindsey , Hebert Jeffrey J. , Dekanich Joel , Koppenhaver Shane 
Published: February 2015

Study Design Randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Objectives To examine the effects of elastic therapeutic taping (ETT) applied to the lumbar paraspinal region on back muscle endurance (BME) compared to no tape or a rigid therapeutic taping (RTT) procedure in individuals with nonspecific low back pain. Background Elastic therapeutic taping is an increasingly popular intervention for clinicians who treat patients with low back pain. However, no studies have investigated the effect of ETT on back extensor muscle performance in a symptomatic population. Methods We measured BME in 16 patients (mean ± SD age, 44.8 ± 10.4 years; 44% female) with nonspecific low back pain. Back muscle endurance was measured using the Biering-Sørensen test under 3 different conditions: ETT, no tape, and RTT. For the ETT condition, the tape was applied over the paraspinal muscles according to the Kinesio Tex taping protocol. The RTT condition consisted of the same tape configuration but using nonelastic athletic tape. All participants received each testing condition in random order, with 1 to 3 days between each condition. Differences in BME between the 3 testing conditions were explored with repeated-measures analyses of variance. Results There were no differences in BME between ETT and RTT, or between the RTT and no-tape conditions. The difference in BME between the ETT and no-tape conditions was statistically significant (mean difference, 20.7 seconds; 95% confidence interval: 6.8, 34.5; P = .006) but within the threshold of measurement error. Conclusion Back muscle endurance was higher with ETT applied over the paraspinal musculature when compared to a no-tape condition. However, the magnitude of difference did not exceed measurement error. There was no difference in BME when using elastic or rigid therapeutic tape. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(3):215–219. Epub 13 Feb 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5177
Early outcome of combined endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization in childhood hydrocephalus
Authors: Bankole Olufemi B. , Ojo Omotayo A. , Nnadi Mathias N. , Kanu Okezie O. , Olatosi John O. 
Published: February 2015

OBJECT
Although shunts have been the mainstay in treating hydrocephalus over the past 5 decades, the use of endoscopic techniques in addressing this disorder in children offers both the neurosurgeon and the patient a unique opportunity to avoid shunting and its attendant complications. The combination of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) remains uncommon in most centers despite its potential promise. The authors sought to investigate the efficacy of combining ETV and CPC (ETV+CPC) in treating childhood hydrocephalus in Nigeria. Infection and spina bifida contribute a high percentage of the cases of hydrocephalus in Nigeria.

METHODS
Over a 2-year period, all children 0–18 years of age who had endoscopic treatment for hydrocephalus were prospectively evaluated to determine the need for subsequent treatment. Children who had the combination of ETV+CPC were identified as a subcategory and form the basis of this retrospective study.

RESULTS
Twenty-two of 38 endoscopically treated children had undergone the combination of ETV+CPC for hydrocephalus of varied etiology. There was a male preponderance (2.5:1), and 90% of the patients were infants. The overall success rate was 75%, with the best outcome in children with spina bifida. One child required a repeat ETV.

CONCLUSIONS
The combination of ETV+CPC is useful in treating children with hydrocephalus of varied etiology. The complication profile is acceptable, and the overall success rate is comparable to that associated with shunt insertion.