bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Road Crossings on Habitat Connectivity for Stream‐Resident Fish
Authors: Diebel M. W. , Fedora M. , Cogswell S. , O'Hanley J. R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRoad crossings can act as barriers to the movement of stream fishes, resulting in habitat fragmentation, reduced population resilience to environmental disturbance and higher risks of extinction. Strategic barrier removal has the potential to improve connectivity in stream networks, but managers lack a consistent framework for determining which projects will most benefit target species. The objective of this study is to develop a method for identifying and prioritizing action on road crossings in order to restore stream network connectivity. We demonstrate the method using a case study from the Pine‐Popple watershed in Wisconsin. First, we propose a new metric for quantifying stream connectivity status for stream‐resident fish. The metric quantifies the individual and cumulative effects of barriers on reach and watershed level connectivity, while accounting for natural barriers, distance‐based dispersal limitations and variation in habitat type and quality. We conducted a comprehensive field survey of road crossings in the watershed to identify barriers and estimate replacement costs. Of the 190 surveyed road crossings, 74% were determined to be barriers to the movement of at least one species or life stage of fish, primarily due to high water velocity, low water depth or outlet drops. The results of the barrier removal prioritization show that initial projects targeted for mitigation create much greater improvements in connectivity per unit cost than later projects. Benefit–cost curves from this type of analysis can be used to evaluate potential projects within and among watersheds and minimize overall expenditures for specified restoration targets. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing a Standardized Electrofishing Sampling Protocol for Warmwater Resident Sportfish in the Tallapoosa River, Alabama, USA
Authors: Sammons S. M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA two‐year electrofishing study was initiated in the Tallapoosa River, Alabama, to identify an optimal standardized sampling program for three principal resident sportfish: Alabama bass Micropterus henshalli, redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus, and redeye bass Micropterus coosae. Samples were conducted in spring (May), summer (July), and fall (October) in 2010 and 2011 from seven 1‐h transects. Spring samples of Alabama bass had lower catch per effort (CPE) and were more skewed towards fish between 200 and 300 mm total length (TL) than samples in other seasons; whereas, fall samples collected more redeye bass >200 mm TL but CPE was similar among seasons. Fewer, but larger, redbreast sunfish were sampled during fall compared with other seasons. Mean CPE of all three species was independent of transect duration. The total time spent electrofishing and processing fish in order to estimate a mean CPE with a specified precision was a function of transect duration and CPE. More effort was needed as CPE decreased for most species, but the relations between transect duration and total effort were parabolic. A precision of within 10% of the mean CPE was unattainable for most species as a result of logistic considerations. Based on the results of this study, it appears that fall is the optimal sampling time for these species in the Tallapoosa River and the optimal transect duration is likely 10 min. At a precision level of 20% of the mean, the number of 10‐min transects required ranged from 5 to 40, with a total sample time for each individual species of 0.82–7.16 h. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
microRNAs: role in leukemia and their computational perspective
Authors: Omer Ankur , Singh Poonam , Yadav Navneet Kumar , Singh Rama Kant 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to the family of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and had gained importance due to its role in complex biochemical pathways. Changes in the expression of protein coding genes are the major cause of leukemia. Role of miRNAs as tumor suppressors has provided a new insight in the field of leukemia research. Particularly, the miRNAs mediated gene regulation involves the modulation of multiple mRNAs and cooperative action of different miRNAs to regulate a particular gene expression. This highly complex array of regulatory pathway network indicates the great possibility in analyzing and identifying novel findings. Owing to the conventional, slow experimental identification process of miRNAs and their targets, the last decade has witnessed the development of a large amount of computational approaches to deal with the complex interrelations present within biological systems. This article describes the various roles played by miRNAs in regulating leukemia and the role of computational approaches in exploring new possibilities. WIREs RNA 2015, 6:65–78. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1256This article is categorized under:

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Silver Compounds in Synthetic Chemistry. Part 8. Complexes of Perfluoroorgano Silver(I) Derivatives with 4‐Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)
Authors: Kremer Silke , Pantenburg Ingo , Tyrra Wieland 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAttempted syntheses of AgRf·DMAP were performed using the established route starting from AgF and Me3SiRf (Rf = CF3, C2F5, C6F5) followed by the addition of DMAP. Unexpectedly, reactions with perfluoroalkylsilver(I) derivatives yielded products, which underwent known equilibria, while exclusively the pentafluorophenyl derivative exhibits its zwitterionic nature in solution and in the solid state. Moreover, both perfluoroalkyl derivatives investigated decomposed slowly but more or less selectively even at –20 °C in solution: AgC2F5·DMAP mainly into AgOCOCF3 (probably under the influence of moisture) and AgCF3·DMAP mainly into the unprecedented derivative 3‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐dimethylaminopyridine. The molecular structure of AgC6F5·DMAP was elucidated showing a twist arrangement of the aromatic rings quite unusual for linear coordinated species.
Questions and Answers on the Belgian Model of Integral End-of-Life Care: Experiment? Prototype?
Authors: Bernheim Jan L. , Distelmans Wim , Mullie Arsène , Ashby Michael A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This article analyses domestic and foreign reactions to a 2008 report in the British Medical Journal on the complementary and, as argued, synergistic relationship between palliative care and euthanasia in Belgium. The earliest initiators of palliative care in Belgium in the late 1970s held the view that access to proper palliative care was a precondition for euthanasia to be acceptable and that euthanasia and palliative care could, and should, develop together. Advocates of euthanasia including author Jan Bernheim, independent from but together with British expatriates, were among the founders of what was probably the first palliative care service in Europe outside of the United Kingdom. In what has become known as the Belgian model of integral end-of-life care, euthanasia is an available option, also at the end of a palliative care pathway. This approach became the majority view among the wider Belgian public, palliative care workers, other health professionals, and legislators. The legal regulation of euthanasia in 2002 was preceded and followed by a considerable expansion of palliative care services. It is argued that this synergistic development was made possible by public confidence in the health care system and widespread progressive social attitudes that gave rise to a high level of community support for both palliative care and euthanasia. The Belgian model of so-called integral end-of-life care is continuing to evolve, with constant scrutiny of practice and improvements to procedures. It still exhibits several imperfections, for which some solutions are being developed. This article analyses this model by way of answers to a series of questions posed by Journal of Bioethical Inquiry consulting editor Michael Ashby to the Belgian authors.
Family support in the transition to adulthood in Portugal – Its effects on identity capital development, uncertainty management and psychological well‐being
Authors: Oliveira José Egídio , Mendonça Marina , Coimbra Susana , Fontaine Anne Marie 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn a familistic southern European society such as the Portuguese, the family has historically played a prominent role in supporting the negotiation of transition pathways into adulthood. The present study aimed at capturing (1) the relative weight of parental financial support and autonomy support in contributing to the youngsters' psychological well‐being (PWB), and (2) the mediating role of identity capital and uncertainty management in this relationship. A total of 620 participants completed measures of parental support, identity capital, uncertainty management and PWB. Autonomy support was found to be the strongest predictor of PWB, both directly and indirectly through its effects on identity capital and the use of target focused uncertainty management strategies. Conversely, financial support evidenced only a minor indirect impact through the mediation of tangible identity capital. Autonomy stimulation may constitute one of the most developmentally determinant family challenges in assisting the process of coming of age in Portugal.
Identification of preclinical Alzheimer's disease by a profile of pathogenic proteins in neurally derived blood exosomes: A case‐control study
Authors: Fiandaca Massimo S. , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Mapstone Mark , Boxer Adam , Eitan Erez , Schwartz Janice B. , Abner Erin L. , Petersen Ronald C. , Federoff Howard J. , Miller Bruce L. , Goetzl Edward J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundProteins pathogenic in Alzheimer's disease (AD) were extracted from neurally derived blood exosomes and quantified to develop biomarkers for the staging of sporadic AD.MethodsBlood exosomes obtained at one time‐point from patients with AD (n = 57) or frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (n = 16), and at two time‐points from others (n = 24) when cognitively normal and 1 to 10 years later when diagnosed with AD were enriched for neural sources by immunoabsorption. AD‐pathogenic exosomal proteins were extracted and quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsMean exosomal levels of total tau, P‐T181‐tau, P‐S396‐tau, and amyloid β 1–42 (Aβ1–42) for AD and levels of P‐T181‐tau and Aβ1–42 for FTD were significantly higher than for case‐controls. Step‐wise discriminant modeling incorporated P‐T181‐tau, P‐S396‐tau, and Aβ1–42 in AD, but only P‐T181‐tau in FTD. Classification of 96.4% of AD patients and 87.5% of FTD patients was correct. In 24 AD patients, exosomal levels of P‐S396‐tau, P‐T181‐tau, and Aβ1–42 were significantly higher than for controls both 1 to 10 years before and when diagnosed with AD.ConclusionsLevels of P‐S396‐tau, P‐T181‐tau, and Aβ1–42 in extracts of neurally derived blood exosomes predict the development of AD up to 10 years before clinical onset.
Hemoclips of a Band Released After Recovery of a Stenosed Shunt
Authors: Mutlu Unal , Ayez Ninos , Fioole Bram , Akkersdijk George P. , Boots Hans M. , Vroegindeweij Dammis 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A man aged 30 years with a brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula in the left upper arm developed clinical complaints of a cold left hand due to a flow of 3,500 mL/min. A successful banding procedure was performed. Nineteen months later, a stenosis at the banding site resulted in reduced flow and insufficient dialysis. Several percutaneous transluminal angioplasty procedures with different diameters were performed. A satisfactory result was achieved using a 6-mm high-pressure balloon.
Novel Catheter Positioning System for Intravenous Central Lines: A Report of 1 Hospital's Experience
Authors: Smith Linda , Brown Catherine M. , Mendoza Julie 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background: Malpositioned peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) can create serious complications. Confirmatory chest radiographs, the standard method for certifying proper central-catheter tip position, are sometimes imprecise and unreliable. James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital tested an advanced electronic positioning system for central lines that could hypothetically reduce malpositions. Little data has previously been published about this technology.
Methods: Before the positioning system could be approved for use at the hospital, efficacy data had to pass reviews by multiple individuals/entities. The hospital's PICC team initially conducted a 2-week trial of the vascular positioning system, using it on 28 patients. Permission was granted to continue using the new system and to request acquisition of the technology. Use of confirmatory radiographic images continued during this further evaluation.
Results: The overall malposition rate during the first 12 months of system use was reduced by about half—a statistically significant finding. The system could be used optimally with 594 of 834 placements (71.2%) at an accuracy rate of 98.5%. The system could be used suboptimally (eg, with patients who have pacemakers) for 240 of the 834 placements, at an accuracy rate of 84.6%. The overall malposition rate was 5.5%—about half the 10.8% rate seen during the 12-month period before system use.
Conclusions: The statistically significant results, from the largest data set reported at 1 site using the system, were judged sufficient to switch to using the system instead of confirmatory radiographic images when the system indicated correct PICC placement in the heart's cavoatrial junction. The malposition rate with the system continues to improve as the PICC team gains experience in using the system. Additional study is needed on this and other positioning systems.
Relationship between conductive hearing loss and maxillary constriction
Authors: Peyvandi A A , Jamilian A , Moradi E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the relationship between conductive hearing loss and maxillary constriction.Method:A total of 120 people, aged from 7 to 40 years, who were referred to an audiologist when taking out health insurance or for school pre-registration check-up, were selected for this study. A total of 60 participants who had hearing threshold levels greater than 15 dB in both ears were chosen as the conductive hearing loss group. The remaining 60, with normal hearing thresholds of less than 15 dB, were used as the control group. All participants were referred to an orthodontic clinic. Participants who had a posterior crossbite and high palatal vault were considered to suffer from maxillary constriction.Results:There were no significant differences between the sex ratios and mean ages of the groups. However, participants with conductive hearing loss were 3.5 times more likely than controls to suffer from maxillary constriction.Conclusion:Patients who suffer from conductive hearing loss are likely to show a maxillary abnormality when examined by an orthodontist.
Fish population studies using parasites from the Southeastern Pacific Ocean: considering host population changes and species body size as sources of variability of parasite communities
Authors: GEORGE-NASCIMENTO MARIO , OLIVA MARCELO 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYResearch using parasites in fish population studies in the South Eastern Pacific (SEP) is summarized. There are 27 such studies (snapshots mainly) in single host species sampled at different geographic localities and at somewhat similar times. They have been devoted mainly to economically important species, though others on coastal and intertidal fish or on less- or non-commercial species provide insights on scales of temporal and spatial variation of parasite infracommunities. Later, we assess whether the probability of harbouring parasites depends on the host species body size. Our results indicate that a stronger tool for fish population studies may be developed under regular (long term) scrutiny of parasite communities, especially of small fish host species, due to their larger variability in richness, abundance and total biomass, than in large fish species. Finally, it might also be necessary to consider the effects of fishing on parasite communities as well as the natural oscillations (coupled or not) of host and parasite populations.
Use of character information by autonomous robots based on character string detection in daily environments
Authors: Yamazaki Kimitoshi , Nishino Tomohiro , Nagahama Kotaro , Okada Kei , Inaba Masayuki 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYCharacters encountered in daily environments provide valuable information to human beings and potentially to automated machines. This paper describes the use of character information by robots working in daily environments. Our robot system finds and reads character strings by virtue of a recognition module that detects character candidates as closed contours in an image. The closed-contour-based method enables detection of various character strings observed from different viewpoints. To cope with tiny and distant characters, the image processing is collaborated with a camera system having a mechanical gaze adjustment. By combining the detection result with an optical character reader, the autonomous robot can provide daily assistance to humans.
Emotion detection for wheelchair navigation enhancement
Authors: Lamti Hachem A. , Ben Khelifa Mohamed Moncef , Alimi Adel M. , Gorce Philippe 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThe goal of this study is to investigate the use of emotion as a braking system for wheelchair navigation. In the first part emotion is detected based on ElectroEncephalography (EEG) technology and emotion induction experiments. Using different techniques for features extraction (Welch and Wavelets), selection (Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA)) and classification (Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA)), the best combination was assigned to Wavelets-GA-MLP. In the second part, in order to validate the impact of emotion as velocity modulator, a comparison between emotion-based and non emotion-based wheelchair navigation scenarios in a simulated environment was conducted. The assessment was based on four parameters: obstacles hit, navigation path, execution time and outbound points of gaze (POG). While the first two emotion introductions showed better results, this was not the case for the third. These findings can be utilized in order to prescribe a suitable wheelchair according to the subject pathology.
Mesoscopic structures resulting from crystal accumulation and melt movement in granites
Authors: Vernon R. H. , Paterson S. R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSeveral mesosocopic structures are consistent with mechanical accumulation of crystals and movement of melt in granite magmas, as well as compaction and shear of crystal-melt aggregates, concentrations of microgranitoid enclaves indented by megacrysts, and concentrations of crystals of the same mineral with different crystallisation histories. Evidence for crystal and enclave accumulation is shown clearly in mafic and silicic layered intrusions (MASLI-type granite plutons), for example, the Kameruka Granodiorite, Bega Batholith, south-eastern Australia.Crystal accumulations with interstitial liquid may become mobile in a magma chamber, owing to instabilities in the host magma caused by seismic and replenishment events or thermal and buoyancy variations. This remobilised material may intrude other parts of the chamber, as well as earlier-formed cumulates and even wall-rocks, as dykes, tubes, troughs and pipes. Marked concentrations of accessory and mafic minerals may also develop in these structures. Interstitial melt may also be extracted from accumulated aggregates, intruding and disrupting the aggregates. Spectacular examples of these various structures are preserved in the Tuolumne Batholith, California. Detailed mechanisms for the formation of many of the structures are not well understood, though the formation of cumulates in vertical layers suggests that sorting and filter pressing during flow and resulting strain of crystal mushes may play important roles.
Incremental pluton emplacement by magmatic crack-seal
Authors: Bartley John M. , Coleman Drew S. , Glazner Allen F. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA growing body of evidence indicates that some, and perhaps most, plutons are highly composite. However, the geometrical forms of increments and the processes by which they are added are poorly known. Magmatic crack-seal probably is an important incremental assembly process, particularly in the upper crust where wall-rock fracture is important. Evidence for magmatic crack-seal is clearest where it is antitaxial, i.e., new fractures form at the contact between wall rock and a growing intrusion. Local deviation of antitaxial cracks into wall rocks isolates wall-rock bodies that therefore mark increment contacts. Wall rock isolated by this process remains in situ and thus is likely to preserve a ghost stratigraphy. Previously described plutons are identified, and interpreted to have grown by antitaxial magmatic crack-seal. In contrast, it remains unclear what observable geological record may remain in plutons formed by syntaxial crack-seal, in which new cracks form in the middle of the growing pluton. Several plutons are identified that preserve possible indirect evidence for growth by syntaxial crack seal, but conclusive identification of a direct record of the process remains elusive. However, plutons with sharp discordant contacts but few xenoliths may have been emplaced incrementally by syntaxial magmatic crack-seal.
Downward host rock transport and the formation of rim monoclines during the emplacement of Cordilleran batholiths
Authors: Paterson Scott R. , Farris David W. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe mechanisms by which Cordilleran plutons are emplaced vary widely. However, the present authors have examined a series of plutons ranging from 2-35 km emplacement depth that have many common features, which suggest that downward transport of host rock is the most important mechanism during magma ascent and pluton emplacement. Many of these Cordilleran plutons preserve gently dipping, unfaulted roofs attached to steep walls bordered by narrow ductile aureoles. Flat lying roof strata commonly roll over into steeply dipping rim monoclines and anticlines that young towards and follow the pluton margin. Field observations suggest that such rim monoclines and anticlines formed due to gravitationally driven roof collapse and channel flow along margins. In the examples in this paper, pluton walls are often comprised of narrow steeply dipping ductile aureoles in which the intensity of strain increases downward. Aureole ductile strains are insufficient to account for the volume of magma emplaced, and are typically <40% of pluton volume. However, when aureole strain is combined with minimum estimates of stoping and host rock rotation during rim monoclines formation, sufficient space can be created. The examples suggest that gravitationally driven downward host rock transport by stoping and rigid rotations along roofs and walls and by focused channel flow by ductile strain along walls are common processes during the rise of Cordilleran plutons, and is one process that contributes to crustal thickening and the growth of crustal roots.