bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying remnant biodiversity hotspots in Southern Asia reveals disequilibrium in mammalian communities
Authors: Sartor Caroline Charão , Kaszta Zaneta , Kamler Jan , Hearn Andrew J. , Ash Eric , Bolongon Gilmoore , Can Özgün Emre , Channa Phan , Cheyne Susan , Fitzmaurice Amy , Haidir Iding Achmad , Kyaw Pyae Phyoe , Luskin Matthew Scott , Singh Priya , Rasphone Akchousanh , Wei Cedric Tan Kai , Yadav Bhupendra Prasad , Cushman Samuel A. , Macdonald David W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIdentification of highly biodiverse areas has become a crucial step in protecting species richness, especially considering the rapid collapse of biodiversity and the limited funds available to avert, far less to reverse, these trends. Therefore, we aimed to identify the most important areas for the conservation of specified mammalian groups in Southern Asia, a region rich in biodiversity hotspots threatened by increasing rates of habitat loss and other anthropogenic activities. To achieve this, we modelled the occupancy of ungulates and of small, medium and large carnivorans at 20 study sites across the region and identified hotspots of species richness. We analysed the variation of estimated space use between different species groups and ranked areas according to their predicted importance for mammalian species conservation. Our results reveal a significant positive correlation in the spatial utilization patterns of competitive carnivores, yet no correlation among carnivores and their prey species, suggesting that anthropogenic impacts in the region are constraining species to coexist in only the few remaining suitable areas, superseding interactions between species guilds. Although the rank of site importance varied amongst species groups, we were able to identify a consensus on sites that are crucial for the conservation of all groups considered. Most of these top-ranking sites were located in the peninsular region of Thailand. We argue that, of the areas assessed, these sites represent the most important refuges for species conservation in the region, and their protection is critical for the maintenance of the biodiversity in Southern Asia.
Microbial hydrogenation of cholesterol to coprostanol by anaerobic bacteria: evidence from Antarctic lacustrine sediment
Authors: Chen Xin , Wang Jianjun , Jin Jing , Nie Yaguang , Zheng Zhangqin , Xue Yulu , Kong Weidong , Cheng Wenhan , Zhang Jifeng , Liang Lewen , Yang Yi , Emslie Steven D. , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFecal sterols are traditionally ascribed as important biomarkers for animal excrement, and have been widely used to identify the source of organic matter and to reconstruct paleoecological changes in Antarctic terrestrial, aquatic, and marine ecosystems. However, the in situ microbial hydrogenation of cholesterol to coprostanol could have significance as a proxy to infer paleoenvironmental studies in Antarctica, particularly in anoxic sediment. Here, we report that abundant coprostanol, which was traditionally deemed as a biomarker for human sewage contamination, was found in three anoxic sediment profiles (AC2, BI, and CH1), which were strongly influenced by animal excrement at North Victoria Land, western Ross Sea, Antarctica. Our results suggest that the high concentrations of coprostanol in these three sediment profiles were not due to animal excrement, since coprostanol is not present in penguin guano and is a minor component in seal excrement. Coprostanol/cholesterol and coprostanol/(coprostanol + cholestanol) ratios suggest that coprostanol in the sediment cores of AC2 and BI was primarily derived from bacterial hydrogenation of cholesterol introduced by penguin guano. Coprostanol in CH1 sediments is related to human sewage due to intensive research activities from 1968 to 2006 in this region. However, the low abundance of coprostanol and the ratios of coprostanol/cholesterol and coprostanol/(coprostanol + cholestanol) in a relatively oxidizing sediment core (IIL1) infer that coprostanol was likely contributed by seal settlement. Together with high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, the conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol by anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Eubacterium coprostanoligenes) could occur in anoxic aquatic systems. Our results suggest that the presence of coprostanol in Antarctic lacustrine sediment with anoxic conditions does not necessarily indicate seal activity and human waste as the microbial hydrogenation of cholesterol to coprostanol should also be considered.
Biotic regulation of nitrogen gas emissions in temperate agriculture
Authors: Almaraz Maya , Ryals Rebecca , Groffman Peter , Porder Stephen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIt is generally assumed that fertilizer addition is the prime driver of nitrogen (N) gas loss from modern cropping systems. This assumption has its basis in observations of nitrous oxide (N2O, an important greenhouse gas) emissions, and is contrary to theory from unmanaged ecosystems, where N losses are controlled by plant physiological influence on the soil environment. However, dinitrogen (N2) emissions are likely a major N loss pathway in both managed and unmanaged ecosystems, but these emissions are very difficult to measure. We directly measured N2 and N2O emissions from two temperate agricultural systems over the course of the growing season to test when total N gas losses are highest. We hypothesized that N2 emissions mirror those of N2O, with the largest flux immediately after fertilization, early in the growing season. Instead, we found that N2 emissions were highest at the end of the growing season, and were most strongly correlated with soil moisture, which increased after plant senescence. Dinitrogen emissions were an order of magnitude larger than N2O. Thus, while N2O emissions were highest following fertilization, overall N gas loss was greatest at the end of the growing season. These data suggest that total N gas losses are high and have different temporal patterns from N2O fluxes. Understanding the magnitude and controls over these losses are important for understanding and managing the N cycle of temperate agricultural systems.
Socially Irresponsible HRM: Findings from the UK Hotel Sector
Authors: Walker Victoria , Nickson Dennis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper considers the value and extent to which socially responsible HRM enhances understanding of HR practices in the corporate hotel sector. The paper seeks to address two research questions. Firstly, what are the underlying management philosophies guiding models of HRM within the upper market corporate hotel sector? Secondly, how do the resultant HR practices impact the employee experience of work and well-being? Qualitative case studies were conducted in two high end hotels within the UK. Semi structured interviews (n = 30) were carried out at various levels of the organisation to gain multiple perspectives, including frontline employees, line managers, senior management and HR practitioners. Investigation of the experiences of frontline employees uncovered evidence of a socially irresponsible approach to HRM in each case study. Hidden and deceptive management philosophies were uncovered that shaped the nature of the HR practices used, and resulted in negative outcomes for the well-being of employees. This paper extends the limited research base which has considered socially irresponsible HRM, and extends the concept by demonstrating the central role that management philosophy plays in determining the responsibleness of an HRM approach. The paper also demonstrates the utility of SRHRM models in contexts where practices are rarely socially responsible.
Striated muscle: an inadequate soil for cancers
Authors: Saunders Alastair A. E. , Thomson Rachel E. , Goodman Craig A. , Anderson Robin L. , Gregorevic Paul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany organs of the body are susceptible to cancer development. However, striated muscles—which include skeletal and cardiac muscles—are rarely the sites of primary cancers. Most deaths from cancer arise due to complications associated with the development of secondary metastatic tumours, for which there are few effective therapies. However, as with primary cancers, the establishment of metastatic tumours in striated muscle accounts for a disproportionately small fraction of secondary tumours, relative to the proportion of body composition. Examining why primary and metastatic cancers are comparatively rare in striated muscle presents an opportunity to better understand mechanisms that can influence cancer cell biology. To gain insights into the incidence and distribution of muscle metastases, this review presents a definitive summary of the 210 case studies of metastasis in muscle published since 2010. To examine why metastases rarely form in muscles, this review considers the mechanisms currently proposed to render muscle an inhospitable environment for cancers. The “seed and soil” hypothesis proposes that tissues’ differences in susceptibility to metastatic colonization are due to differing host microenvironments that promote or suppress metastatic growth to varying degrees. As such, the “soil” within muscle may not be conducive to cancer growth. Gaining a greater understanding of the mechanisms that underpin the resistance of muscles to cancer may provide new insights into mechanisms of tumour growth and progression, and offer opportunities to leverage insights into the development of interventions with the potential to inhibit metastasis in susceptible tissues.
Comparing the Mixed Logit Estimates and True Parameters under Informative and Uninformative Heterogeneity: A Simulated Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Jumamyradov Maksat , Craig Benjamin M. , Greene William H. , Munkin Murat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn discrete choice experiments (DCEs), differences between respondents’ preferences may be associated with observable or unobservable factors. Unobservable heterogeneity, related to latent factors associated with the choices of individuals, may be modelled using correlated (i.e. informative heterogeneity) or uncorrelated (i.e. uninformative heterogeneity) individual-specific parameters of a logit model. In this study, we simulated unobservable heterogeneity among DCE respondents and compared the results of the maximum simulated likelihood (MSL) estimation of the mixed logit model when correctly specified and mis-specified. These results show that the MSL estimates are biased and can differ greatly from the true parameters, even when correctly specified. Before estimating a mixed logit model, we highly recommend that choice modellers conduct simulation analyses to assess the potential extent of biases before relying on the MSL estimates, particularly their variances and correlations, and then ultimately determine which model specification produces the least bias.
Exploring the influence of rapeseed cultivar and pathogen isolate on Acremonium alternatum's efficacy in clubroot disease control
Authors: Auer Susann , Zamani-Noor Nazanin , Mahfoud Yamen , Ludwig-Müller Jutta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, ranks among the most significant diseases affecting rapeseed cultivars, leading to substantial annual yield losses. Current control methods are limited to a small selection of chemical or biological treatments. Using biocontrol organisms presents a promising strategy for reducing disease severity and promoting plant vigour. However, their efficacy is strongly dependent on biotic and abiotic factors during the growing season, as well as the specific application conditions. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of the biocontrol fungus Acremonium alternatum in reducing clubroot disease symptoms across different susceptible and resistant rapeseed cultivars (Brassica napus) under various experimental greenhouse settings employing different types of P. brassicae inoculum: a uniform single spore isolate e3 and two German field isolates P1 and P1 ( +). We found that A. alternatum can reduce clubroot disease symptoms in susceptible rapeseed cultivars Visby, Ability and Jenifer, but not cv. Jumbo, when inoculated with the aggressive single spore isolate P. brassicae e3 at moderate (106 spores mL−1) and high (107 spores mL−1) densities. A. alternatum enhanced plant vitality and shoot biomass in cv. Visby inoculated with field isolates P1 or P1 ( +) but did not considerably reduce clubroot severity there. The clubroot-resistant cv. Mentor displayed a reduction in clubroot symptoms after A. alternatum treatment. In conclusion, A. alternatum holds some promise in managing moderate P. brassicae levels in the soil and could serve as an option in integrated pest management of clubroot disease when combined with resistant cultivars.
Instrumental Needs: A Relational Account
Authors: Stabell Espen Dyrnes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInstrumentalism about need suggests that the normative significance of an agent’s need for x depends on the end for which x is needed. Instrumental accounts have, however, been vague about the transfer or transmission of normative significance supposed to be occurring from ends to needs. How should such transmission be understood, and how can we assess the amount or degree of significance being transmitted in particular cases? The Relational Account (RA) combines work on normative transmission principles and the strength of reasons in order to clarify these issues. RA, it is argued, both (1) improves the instrumental view on need and (2) can be used to analyze and assess a large range of needs and arguments from need – including ‘basic needs’, which some argue require non-instrumental explanation. While the paper develops an instrumental view, the analysis of the normativity of the needs-end relation will also be helpful for clarifying instrumental relations between different kinds of need in non-instrumentalist theories – such as relations between ‘absolute’ and intermediate needs.
Local impedance drop–guided versus lesion size index–guided pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Lian Evgeny , Pantlik Robert , Maslova Vera , Willert Sven , Moser Fabian , Remppis Andrew , Frank Derk , Demming Thomas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Local tissue impedance drop (LID) and lesion size index (LSI) technologies are valuable for predicting effective lesion formation. This study compares the acute and long-term efficacy of LID-guided versus LSI-guided pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation treatment.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed two patient groups undergoing radiofrequency PVI. In the LID-guided group (n = 35), ablation was performed without contact force monitoring, stopping at the LID plateau (target LID 12 Ohm posterior, 16 Ohm anterior). In the LSI-guided group (n = 31), ablation used contact force information with target LSI (5 anterior, 4 posterior). Both groups utilized a power of 40 W anterior and 30 W posterior, with < 6 mm inter-lesion distance. Gap mapping and touch-up ablation were done if necessary.

Results
PVI was achieved with a significantly shorter ablation time in the LSI-guided group (25 min [21;31] vs 30 [27;35], p = 0.035). PV gaps were more frequent in the LID-guided group (74% vs 42%, p = 0.016). Over 11.5 ± 2.9 months follow-up, arrhythmia recurrence was higher in the LID-guided group (34.3% vs 16.1%, p = 0.037). A redo procedure performed in 10 (28.6%) patients in the LID-guided group and 3 (9.7%) in the LSI-guided group showed chronic PV reconnections in 7 out of 10 (70%) and 2 out of 3 (67%) patients, respectively.

Conclusions
LSI-guided ablation results in shorter ablation time and fewer PV gaps compared to LID-guided ablation. Despite initial success, LID-guided ablation had higher arrhythmia recurrence and PV reconnections during long-term follow-up compared to LSI-guided ablation.

Graphical abstract
Gambling Habits and Attitudes among Athlete and Non-Athlete High School Students in Skåne Region, Sweden
Authors: Miles Molly , Andersson Mitchell , Claesdotter-Knutsson Emma , Kapetanovic Sabina , Håkansson Anders 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Previous literature has reported increased rates of gambling problems in athletes compared to non-athletes. More liberal gambling-related attitudes have been suggested as a reason, although this rarely has been researched. The present study aimed to examine gambling experience, gambling problems, and gambling-related attitudes and parental gambling experience in high school students, comparing student-athletes to students at conventional schools. This is a cross-sectional web survey study in high school students (N = 473, 53% at sports high schools, 57% male) at eleven schools in the Skåne region, Sweden, who answered a web survey addressed gambling experiences, parental gambling and gambling-related attitudes, and included validated screening instruments for gambling problems and psychological distress. A history of any gambling was common and increased with age. Problem gambling was detected in 10% (13% of males and 5% of females, p < .001), and was associated with paternal and maternal gambling but not with psychological distress. Sports high school students were not more likely (9%) than other students (10%) to endorse gambling problems and history of each gambling type. However, paternal (but not maternal) gambling was more commonly reported in athletes, who also had more positive attitudes to gambling’s effects on society and gambling availability. In contrast to other studies, this study did not demonstrate higher prevalence of gambling or gambling problems among young athletes than among other students, but liberal attitudes towards gambling, and experience of parental gambling on the father’s side, were more common among athletes than among non-athletes. Gambling attitudes in adolescents may need to be targeted in future preventive efforts in young athletes and others.
Super T2-FLAIR mismatch sign: a prognostic imaging biomarker for non-enhancing astrocytoma, IDH-mutant
Authors: Ozono Iori , Onishi Shumpei , Yonezawa Ushio , Taguchi Akira , Khairunnisa Novita Ikbar , Amatya Vishwa Jeet , Yamasaki Fumiyuki , Takeshima Yukio , Horie Nobutaka 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign is a highly specific diagnostic imaging biomarker for astrocytoma, IDH-mutant. However, a definitive prognostic imaging biomarker has yet to be identified. This study investigated imaging prognostic markers, specifically analyzing T2-weighted and FLAIR images of this tumor.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 31 cases of non-enhancing astrocytoma, IDH-mutant treated at our institution, and 30 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)/The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). We defined “super T2-FLAIR mismatch sign” as having a significantly strong low signal comparable to cerebrospinal fluid at non-cystic lesions rather than just a pale FLAIR low-signal tumor lesion as in conventional T2-FLAIR mismatch sign. Cysts were defined as having a round or oval shape and were excluded from the criteria for the super T2-FLAIR mismatch sign. We evaluated the presence or absence of the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign and super T2-FLAIR mismatch sign using preoperative MRI and analyzed the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) by log-rank test.

Results
The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign was present in 17 cases (55%) in our institution and 9 cases (30%) within the TCGA-LGG dataset without any correlation with PFS or OS. However, the super T2-FLAIR mismatch sign was detected in 8 cases (26%) at our institution and 13 cases (43%) in the TCGA-LGG dataset. At our institution, patients displaying the super T2-FLAIR mismatch sign showed significantly extended PFS (122.7 vs. 35.9 months, p = 0.0491) and OS (not reached vs. 116.7 months, p = 0.0232). Similarly, in the TCGA-LGG dataset, those with the super T2-FLAIR mismatch sign exhibited notably longer OS (not reached vs. 44.0 months, p = 0.0177).

Conclusion
The super T2-FLAIR mismatch is a promising prognostic imaging biomarker for non-enhancing astrocytoma, IDH-mutant.
On modeling and damage detection methodologies in rotor systems
Authors: Abdul Nasar Rafath , Alzarooni Tariq , AL-Shudeifat Mohammad A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDamages in rotor systems have severe impact on their functionality, safety, running durability and their industrial productivity, which usually leads to unavoidable economical and human losses. Rotor systems are employed in extensive industrial applications such as jet engines, gas and steam turbines, heavy-duty pumps and compressors, drilling tools, and in other machineries. One of the major damages in such systems is the propagation of fatigue cracks. The heavy-duty and recurrent cyclic fatigue loading in rotor systems is one of the main factors leading to fatigue crack propagation. For the past few decades, numerous research have been conducted to study crack related damages and various methodologies were proposed or employed for damage detection in rotor systems. Therefore, the purpose of the present review article is to provide a thorough analysis and evaluation regarding the associated research related to the modeling aspects of rotor systems that are associated with various kinds of (rotor related) damages. Based on this review, it is observed that the crack modeling, especially with the breathing crack type in rotor systems, is still based on few primary models. Several researchers, based on different assumptions, have extended and modified such models to be more reliable for analysis. Moreover, the arising demand for early crack detection has led to utilization of various tools such as Fast Fourier transform, Hilbert Huang transform, wavelet transform, whirling analysis, energy methods, and the correlation between backward whirling and rotor faults etc. In addition, the significant impact of nonsynchronous whirl within resonance zones of rotor systems on post-resonance backward whirl, under various rotor related faults, is also highlighted in the present review. Therefore, the review provides an evaluation and comparison between several crack models and detection methodologies in rotor systems. Moreover, this review could help in identifying the gaps in modeling, simulation, and dynamical analysis of cracked rotor systems to establish robust research platform on cracked rotor systems.