bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion in maxillary swing approach nasopharyngectomy: Review of our 10‐year experience
Authors: Ho Ambrose Chung‐Wai , Chan Jimmy Yu‐Wai , Ng Raymond Wai‐Man , Ho Wai‐Kuen , Wei William Ignace 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The use of myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion after maxillary swing nasopharyngectomy was originally described to prevent the occurrence of otitis media with effusion. The outcome of this otologic procedure has never been reviewed and discussed. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion in this group of patients.Study Design:Retrospective review.Methods:One hundred forty‐two patients with maxillary swing nasopharyngectomy were recruited from 1999 to 2008. The otologic status was evaluated using otoscopy, pure tone audiogram, and tympanogram at 3 months, 6 months, and then yearly after the operation. The results were reviewed periodically during that 10‐year period. During this period, there were three groups; the first group had myringotomy with ventilation tube inserted, the second group had myringotomy alone, and the third group had no myringotomy performed.Results:There were significantly (P < .0001) more patients in the myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion group who suffered from adverse otologic complications such as discharging grommet, discharging chronic suppurative otitis media, and perforated eardrum when compared with patients with myringotomy alone and patients without myringotomy at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. There were no differences in the incidence of acute otitis media among all three groups of patients.Conclusions:Patients who underwent maxillary swing nasopharyngectomy and myringotomy with ventilation tube insertions suffered from more otologic complications. The routine use of myringotomy with or without ventilation tube insertion for this group of patients is not recommended.
Mit Simulationen Nanokristallen und ‐kompositen auf der Spur
Authors: Milek Theodor , Duchstein Patrick , Zahn Dirk 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMolekulardynamiksimulationen geben Aufschlüsse über die elementaren Schritte der Keimbildung und des Kristallwachstums. Langfristig soll dies der Steuerung von Keimbildungs‐ und Wachstumsprozessen dienen und neue Perspektiven zum Design nanokristalliner Systeme eröffnen.
E‐Learning als integraler Baustein von Laborpraktika
Authors: Daubenfeld Thorsten 
Published: September 2012

AbstractComputergestützte Vorbereitung mit Videos und elektronischen Tests sowie die Arbeit im Labor verknüpfen Theorie und Praxis. Die experimentellen Fähigkeiten Lernender verbessern sich damit. Der nachhaltige Lernerfolg lässt die Studierenden weiter in die molekulare Welt vordringen.
Ein Jahr Deutschlandstipendium
Authors: Graf Katharina 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSeit dem Sommersemester 2011 vergeben drei Viertel der deutschen Hochschulen das Deutschlandstipendium; unter den Stipendiaten sind zirka fünf Prozent Chemiestudenten. Unternehmen der chemischen Industrie fördern das Stipendium.
Sustained Impact of Anticoagulant Control Achieved in an Anticoagulation Management Service After Transfer of Management to the Primary Care Physician
Authors: Bungard Tammy J. , Ritchie Bruce , Garg Sipi , Tsuyuki Ross T. 
Published: September 2012

Study ObjectivesTo determine whether the impact of anticoagulant control achieved in an Anticoagulation Management Service (AMS) is sustained after transfer of anticoagulation management to the primary care physician (PCP), and to assess patient satisfaction with their anticoagulation management by both the AMS and PCP.DesignProspective, randomized trial.SettingPharmacist‐directed ambulatory AMS located in a tertiary medical care facility and PCP practices in Canada.PatientsSixty‐two adults who had received at least 6 months of warfarin therapy managed by the AMS.InterventionPatients were randomly assigned to remain with AMS care (32 patients) or to transfer their anticoagulation management care to their PCP (30 patients). After 4.5 months of care, patients in both groups completed a validated survey instrument assessing their satisfaction with the management of their warfarin therapy.Measurements and Main ResultsOf 295 patients screened, most were excluded from the study for denying consent or for having previous bleeding or clotting complications while taking warfarin. Patients in the AMS and PCP groups who completed the study were similar in age (median 70 and 76 yrs, respectively), and most had atrial fibrillation as an indication for warfarin (75% and 83%, respectively). The primary outcome measure—mean percentage of time within the desired international normalized ratio (INR) range after 6 months—was compared between the two groups, using both the actual range (INR 2.5 ± 0.5) and an expanded range (INR 2.5 ± 0.7). No significant difference was noted in this outcome between the groups (73.5 ± 19.1% vs 76.9 ± 24.5% for the AMS vs PCP groups, p=0.54). Other outcome measures were rates of thrombotic and hemorrhagic events resulting in emergency department visits or hospitalizations, patients’ overall satisfaction with warfarin therapy, and patients’ preferred anticoagulation management strategy. Two hemorrhagic events and one thrombotic event occurred in each group. Patients were more satisfied with their anticoagulant management by the AMS relative to PCP care (p=0.01), and given the choice, patients preferred AMS care (p=0.001).ConclusionDuring this 6‐month trial, anticoagulation control did not significantly differ between patients who continued to receive anticoagulation management by the AMS and those who transferred to their PCP for anticoagulation management, indicating that the effects of AMS care were sustained. Although patients were more satisfied and preferred to stay with AMS care, this study shows that select patients could have their anticoagulation care transferred to their PCP without compromising anticoagulation control.
Microwave‐induced off‐resonance giant magnetoresistance in ultraclean two‐dimensional electron systems
Authors: Iñarrea J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe report on theoretical studies of a recently discovered strong radiation‐induced magnetoresistance spike obtained in ultraclean two‐dimensional electron systems at low temperatures. The most striking feature of this strong spike is that it shows up on the second harmonic of the cyclotron resonance. We apply the radiation‐driven electron orbits model in the ultraclean scenario. We calculate the new average advanced distance by the electron in a scattering event which will define the unexpected resonance spike position. Calculated results are in good agreement with experiments. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Erucin and Benzyl Isothiocyanate Suppress Growth of Late Stage Primary Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells and Telomerase Activity In Vitro
Authors: Lamy Evelyn , Oey Dewi , Eißmann Florian , Herz Corinna , Münstedt Karsten , Tinneberg Hans‐Rudolf , Mersch‐Sundermann Volker 
Published: September 2012

In the present study we analysed the effects of isothiocyanates (ITCs) ‐ plant‐derived sulphur‐containing constituents known for their potential chemotherapeutic activity ‐ on growth inhibition and programmed death in primary ovarian carcinoma cells from ascites of human patients.Twenty‐four hour exposure of carcinoma cells to 5–50 μM erucin or benzyl ITC led to a concentration‐dependent viability loss, as determined by erytrosin B cell staining. This concurred with an increase in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and downregulation of Akt as indicator for apoptosis induction. Cell accumulation at the G2/M phase was evident after 48 h of erucin treatment. Telomerase, a selective target of cancer cells, was suppressed by erucin. Although pre‐treatment of cells with the thiol antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine could completely prevent initialization of the apoptotic process, it failed to abolish ITC‐mediated telomerase suppression. Taken together, in our study, ITC exerted comparable cytotoxic efficacy against primary ovarian cancer cells as reported for corresponding cell lines. The clinical significance of this observation should be addressed in future studies and the role of telomerase further investigated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GEOMORPHIC RESPONSES TO CHANGES IN INSTREAM FLOWS: THE FLOW‐CHANNEL FITNESS MODEL
Authors: Phillips J. D. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe flow‐channel fitness model is a conceptual and practical model for predicting the qualitative response of alluvial channels to modifications of flow regimes. ‘Fitness’ refers to the size of channels compared with the flows they convey, with the terminology derived from traditional geomorphic concepts of overfit and underfit streams. The qualitative predictions refer to whether channels experience aggradation, degradation or relative stability, and whether aggradation or degradation is dominated by width or depth. The model is based on transitions among seven possible fitness states, triggered by key thresholds of sediment supply versus transport capacity and shear stress versus shear strength, and requires that potential changes in sediment supply and water surface or energy‐grade slope also be accounted for. The fitness approach can be used where only relative values and changes are known, as is illustrated in three example applications from Texas. The flow‐channel fitness model synthesizes key elements from several existing approaches to predicting geomorphic responses to changes in flow and is intended to augment rather than replace quantitative approaches, providing a predictive tool where the data requirements and assumptions for quantitative models cannot be fully met. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotics of trees with a prescribed degree sequence and applications
Authors: Broutin Nicolas , Marckert Jean‐François 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLettbe a rooted tree andnbi(t) the number of nodes inthavingichildren. The degree sequenceoftsatisfies, wheredenotes the number of nodes int. In this paper, we consider trees sampled uniformly among all plane trees having the same degree sequence; we writefor the corresponding distribution. Letbe a list of degree sequences indexed by κ corresponding to trees with size. We show that under some simple and natural hypotheses onthe trees sampled underconverge to the Brownian continuum random tree after normalisation by. Some applications concerning Galton–Watson trees and coalescence processes are provided.Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 44, 290‐316, 2014
Multifunctional protein APPL2 contributes to survival of human glioma cells
Authors: Pyrzynska Beata , Banach-Orlowska Magdalena , Teperek-Tkacz Marta , Miekus Katarzyna , Drabik Grazyna , Majka Marcin , Miaczynska Marta 
Published: September 2012

Some endocytic proteins have recently been shown to play a role in tumorigenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that APPL2, an adapter protein with known endocytic functions, is upregulated in 40% cases of glioblastoma multiforme, the most common and aggressive cancer of the central nervous system. The silencing of APPL2 expression by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in glioma cells markedly reduces cell survival under conditions of low growth factor availability and enhances apoptosis (measured by executor caspase activity). Long‐term depletion of APPL2 by short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), under regular growth factor availability, suppresses the cell transformation abilities, assessed by inhibited colony formation in soft agar and by reduced xenograft tumor growth in vivo. At the molecular level, the negative effect of APPL2 knockdown on cell survival is not due to the alterations in AKT or GSK3β activities which were reported to be modulated by APPL proteins. Instead, we attribute the reduced cell survival upon APPL2 depletion to the changes in gene expression, in particular to the upregulation of apoptosis‐related genes, such as UNC5B (a proapoptotic dependence receptor) and HRK (harakiri, an activator of apoptosis, which antagonizes anti‐apoptotic function of Bcl2). In support of this notion, the loss of glioma cell survival upon APPL2 knockdown can be rescued either by an excess of netrin‐1, the prosurvival ligand of UNC5B or by simultaneous silencing of HRK. Consistently, APPL2 overexpression reduces expression of HRK and caspase activation in cells treated with apoptosis inducers, resulting in the enhancement of cell viability. This prosurvival activity of APPL2 is independent of its endosomal localization. Cumulatively, our data indicate that a high level of APPL2 protein might enhance glioblastoma growth by maintaining low expression level of genes responsible for cell death induction.
Dietary sources of five nutrients in ethnic groups represented in the Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Sharma Sangita , Wilkens Lynne R. , Shen Lucy , Kolonel Laurence N. 
Published: September 2012

Data are limited on how dietary sources of energy and nutrient intakes differ among ethnic groups in the USA. The objective of the present study was to characterise dietary sources of energy, total fat, saturated fat, protein, dietary fibre and added sugar for five ethnic groups. A validated quantitative FFQ was used to collect dietary data from 186 916 men and women aged 45–75 years who were living in Hawaii and Los Angeles between 1993 and 1996. Participants represented five ethnic groups: African-American; Japanese-American; Native Hawaiian; Latino; Caucasian. The top ten dietary sources of energy contributed 36·2–49·6 % to total energy consumption, with rice and bread contributing the most (11·4–27·8 %) across all ethnic–sex groups. Major dietary sources of total fat were chicken/turkey dishes and butter among most groups. Ice cream, ice milk or frozen yogurt contributed 4·6–6·2 % to saturated fat intake across all ethnic–sex groups, except Latino-Mexico women. Chicken/turkey and bread were among the top dietary sources of protein (13·9–19·4 %). The top two sources of dietary fibre were bread and cereals (18·1–22 %) among all groups, except Latino-Mexico men. Regular sodas contributed the most to added sugar consumption. The present study provides, for the first time, data on the major dietary sources of energy, fat, saturated fat, protein, fibre and added sugar for these five ethnic groups in the USA. Such data are valuable for identifying target foods for nutritional intervention programmes and directing public health strategies aimed at reducing dietary risk factors for chronic disease.
Model checking with probabilistic tabled logic programming
Authors: GORLIN ANDREY , RAMAKRISHNAN C. R. , SMOLKA SCOTT A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe present a formulation of the problem of probabilistic model checking as one of query evaluation over probabilistic logic programs. To the best of our knowledge, our formulation is the first of its kind, and it covers a rich class of probabilistic models and probabilistic temporal logics. The inference algorithms of existing probabilistic logic-programming systems are well defined only for queries with a finite number of explanations. This restriction prohibits the encoding of probabilistic model checkers, where explanations correspond to executions of the system being model checked. To overcome this restriction, we propose a more general inference algorithm that uses finite generative structures (similar to automata) to represent families of explanations. The inference algorithm computes the probability of a possibly infinite set of explanations directly from the finite generative structure. We have implemented our inference algorithm in XSB Prolog, and use this implementation to encode probabilistic model checkers for a variety of temporal logics, including PCTL and GPL (which subsumes PCTL*). Our experiment results show that, despite the highly declarative nature of their encodings, the model checkers constructed in this manner are competitive with their native implementations.
Typed answer set programming lambda calculus theories and correctness of inverse lambda algorithms with respect to them
Authors: BARAL CHITTA , DZIFCAK JURAJ , GONZALEZ MARCOS A. , GOTTESMAN AARON 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOur broader goal is to automatically translate English sentences into formulas in appropriate knowledge representation languages as a step towards understanding and thus answering questions with respect to English text. Our focus in this paper is on the language of Answer Set Programming (ASP). Our approach to translate sentences to ASP rules is inspired by Montague's use of lambda calculus formulas as meaning of words and phrases. With ASP as the target language the meaning of words and phrases are ASP-lambda formulas. In an earlier work we illustrated our approach by manually developing a dictionary of words and their ASP-lambda formulas. However such an approach is not scalable. In this paper our focus is on two algorithms that allow one to construct ASP-lambda formulas in an inverse manner. In particular the two algorithms take as input two lambda-calculus expressions G and H and compute a lambda-calculus expression F such that F with input as G, denoted by F@G, is equal to H; and similarly G@F = H. We present correctness and complexity results about these algorithms. To do that we develop the notion of typed ASP-lambda calculus theories and their orders and use it in developing the completeness results.
Lightweight compilation of (C)LP to JavaScript
Authors: MORALES JOSE F. , HAEMMERLÉ RÉMY , CARRO MANUEL , HERMENEGILDO MANUEL V. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe present and evaluate a compiler from Prolog (and extensions) to JavaScript which makes it possible to use (constraint) logic programming to develop the client side of web applications while being compliant with current industry standards. Targeting JavaScript makes (C)LP programs executable in virtually every modern computing device with no additional software requirements from the point of view of the user. In turn, the use of a very high-level language facilitates the development of high-quality, complex software. The compiler is a back end of the Ciao system and supports most of its features, including its module system and its rich language extension mechanism based onpackages. We present an overview of the compilation process and a detailed description of the run-time system, including the support for modular compilation into separate JavaScript code. We demonstrate the maturity of the compiler by testing it with complex code such as a CLP(FD) library written in Prolog with attributed variables. Finally, we validate our proposal by measuring the performance of some LP and CLP(FD) benchmarks running on top of major JavaScript engines.
Searching Legal Information in Multiple Asian Languages
Authors: Chung Philip , Mowbray Andrew , Greenleaf Graham 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this article Philip Chung, Andrew Mowbray, and Graham Greenleaf, the Co-Directors of the Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII), explain the need for an open source search engine which can search simultaneously over legal materials in European languages and also in Asian languages, particularly those that require a ‘double byte’ representation, and the difficulties this task presents. A solution is proposed; the ‘u16a’ modifications to AustLII's open source search engine (Sino) which is used by many legal information institutes. Two implementations of the Sino u16A approach, on the Hong Kong Legal Information Institute (HKLII), for English and Chinese, and on the Asian Legal Information Institute (AsianLII), for multiple Asian languages, are described. The implementations have been successful, though many challenges (discussed briefly) remain before this approach will provide a full multi-lingual search facility.
Strategic Access
Authors: Gordon Gregory J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThere is a revolution afoot in scholarly communication and it is called, Open Access. Whilst Gregory J Gordon is a strong proponent of Open Access, he believes many people are missing the point as more does not mean better, it only means more. Open Access has had a major impact on scholarly communications by reducing the traditional barriers to research. Unfortunately, this has compounded the issues of discovery. Institutional repositories, disciplinary repositories and multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional repositories and metrics such as downloads, citations, and Eigenfactor™ Score are new tools in the scholarly researcher's kit. Familiarity and comprehension of these tools will help scholars make efficient use of the overabundance of scholarly communications. This strategic access approach will ultimately result in greater precision.
Clarifying Copyright
Authors: Speight Dunstan , Darroch Jennifer 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLibrarians have an important role to play in providing guidance and assistance to their organisation on copyright compliance. This task is becoming ever more challenging as licence conditions and copyright law are refined and library users want to re-use information in a wider variety of ways. In the following article Dunstan Speight and Jennifer Darroch of Berwin Leighton Paisner LLP discuss a recent pilot project to produce more readily accessible copyright guidance. Although the examples below relate to newspaper copyright issues and are in the context of a City law firm, it is hoped that the ideas will be of more general application.
Final Fates of Massive Stars
Authors: Nomoto Ken'ichi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMassive stars are thought to play important roles in the early evolution of the Universe. In this paper, we first classify the final fates of massive stars into 7 cases according to their mass ranges. These variations of the final fate may correspond to the observed large diversities of supernova properties, such as extremely faint and extremely luminous (superluminous) supernovae, and the extremely energetic hypernovae. We then focus on the properties of the peculiar superluminous Type Ic supernova 1999as. We examine radioactive decay models, magnetar models, and circumstellar interaction models for the light curve of SN 1999as. We find that these models are not quite successful, and thus it is crucially important to improve these models to clarify the final fates of massive stars.
Recent Observations of GRB-Supernovae
Authors: Cobb Bethany Elisa 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe GRB-SNe connection has been strengthened since 2008 by the detection of 6 additional GRB-SNe at both local and cosmological redshifts. This review summarizes the recent observations of SNe associated with GRBs 081007, 090618, 091127, 100316D, 101219B and 111211A, as well as the observations of SN 2008D, which was associated with a bright X-ray flash (XRF 080109) and may represent a link between “plain” SN and GRB-SNe. It is now clear that most – if not all – long-duration GRBs are produced by the core collapse of massive stars.
GRB 101225A - a new class of GRBs?
Authors: Thöne C. C. , de Ugarte Postigo A. , Fryer C. , Page K. , Gorosabel J. , Perley D. , Aloy M. , Kouveliotou C. ,   the Christmas Burst collaboration
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Christmas burst, GRB 101225A, was one of the most controversial bursts in the last few years. Its exceptionally long duration but bright X-ray emission showing a thermal component followed by a strange afterglow with a thermal SED lead to two different interpretations. We present here our model ascribing this strange event to a new type of GRB progenitor consisting of a neutron star and an evolved main-sequence star in a very faint galaxy at redshift 0.33 while Campana et al. (2011) proposed a Galactic origin. New observations at several wavelengths might resolve the question between the two models in the near future.