bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Auffindung der ältesten Augsburger Kirchenordnung von 1534 Mit einer Edition der Handschrift
Authors: Arend Sabine 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
In the city archive in Giengen on the Brenz, a manuscript was discovered that in all probability deals with the oldest known ecclesiastical ordinance of Augsburg. On the basis of other information, the text itself has long been regarded as lost. The ordinance encompasses regulations for the contraction of marriage, baptism, the Lord’s Supper, and also evening prayers. In its content, it stands in close relation to other ordinances governing evangelical church activity in Augsburg. On the basis of its internal structure and its visible connection to the Reformation in Strasbourg, Martin Bucer may be regarded as its intellectual father. The ordinance originated toward the end of 1534. It is thus two and a half years older than the July 1537 text that up until now has been regarded as the first ecclesiastical ordinance of Augsburg. The ordinance of 1534 does not, to be sure, contain any of the earliest Reformation mandates, but it is nevertheless the first comprehensive ordinance for the Augsburg churches. Together with the Strasbourg ecclesiastical ordinance of the same year, this text belongs to the phase of comprehensive reorganization of evangelical religious existence. Numerous upper German imperial cities undertook such restructuring in the aftermath of the 1530 imperial diet of Augsburg. This document belongs, therefore, to the important evidence of the creation of a Lutheran order in the upper German imperial cities.
Das Itinerar des Wolfgang Musculus (1536)
Authors: Reinhardt Henning 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
This is an edition of the itinerary which the Augsburg preacher Wolfgang Musculus (1497-1563) wrote during his trip to the Wittenberg Concord meeting in May of 1536. The introduction to the edition puts the itinerary into the context of Musculus’ biography (1), describes the autograph of the source (2), analyses the connections between Musculus’ itinerary and another report of the meeting in the Acta Wittenbergica| (3), offers a critique of the nineteenth-century edition of the itinerary by Theodor Kolde (4), introduces three other sources which, in addition to the itinerary, help to reconstruct the Wittenberg Concord meeting (5), and finally, explains the relevance of the new edition to Reformation history (6).
Religious Toleration and Confessional Identity: Catholics and Protestants in Seventeenth-Century Orange
Authors: Eurich S. Amanda 
Published: November 2014

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Nachdem im 16. Jahrhundert im Fürstentum Orange im wesentlichen die calvinistischen Eliten den Ton angaben, gelang es den Prinzen von Orange im Laufe des 17. Jahrhunderts zunehmend, die Bikonfessionalität des Territoriums durchzusetzen. Dies führte jedoch keineswegs zu Toleranz oder einer Annäherung der Konfessionen im Alltag. Vielmehr kultivierten Calvinisten und Katholiken Frömmigkeitspraktiken, die die Abgrenzung zwischen den Konfessionen verschärften. Insbesondere im Kontext der Armenfürsorge und der Abendmahls-/Eucharistiefeier wurde die konfessionelle Rivalität geschürt, so daß es auch zu Ausbrüchen von Gewalt kam. Zwischen 1660 und 1697 wurde die Konfessionalisierung der Gesellschaft durch die dreimalige Besetzung des Fürstentums durch Frankreich weiter vorangetrieben. Damit unterstreicht die Geschichte Oranges die Komplexität des Konfessionalisierungsprozesses, in dem gesellschaftliches Handeln einerseits und kirchliche sowie politische Institutionen andererseits ineinanderwirkten.
What is Post-Confessional Reformation History?
Authors: Benedict Philip 
Published: November 2014

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Obwohl an den neueren Überblickdarstellungen von James D. Tracy and Diarmaid MacCullough deutlich wird, das die Reformationshistoriographie im wesentlichen nicht mehr konfessionell determiniert ist, gibt es doch weiterhin eine konfessionell geprägte Geschichtsschreibung an den „theological seminaries“ sowie in der Täuferforschung. Dieser Pluralismus der Methoden ist einer durchgehend post-konfessionellen und säkularisierten Historiographie vorzuziehen, da er dazu beiträgt, neue Fragestellungen zu entwickeln. Statt das Ziel einer gänzlich säkularisierten Geschichtsschreibung anzustreben, sollten Historiker und Historikerinnen sich um eine post-nationale Reformationsgeschichtsschreibung bemühen sowie um den Erhalt ihres Faches als Teil des universitären Curriculums.
“Confusion” around the Magdeburg Confession and the Making of “Revolutionary Early Modern Resistance Theory”
Authors: Friedeburg Robert von 
Published: November 2014

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Der Beitrag antwortet auf den im Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 96 (2005) erschienen Aufsatz von David M. Whitford über “From Speyer to Magdeburg: The Development and Maturation of a Hybrid Theory of Resistance to Tyranny”. Dabei werden einzelne Punkte der Argumentation diskutiert und kommentiert sowie am Schluß ein Forschungsausblick geboten. Besonderer Nachdruck wird dabei auf die mittelalterlichen und spätmittelalterlichen Hintergründe der Diskussionen der 1520er bis 1550er Jahre gelegt, ohne welche die gesamte Debatte zum Widerstandsrecht nicht verstanden werden kann.
Clerical Marriage and Territorial Reformation in Ernestine Saxony and the Diocese of Merseburg in 1522–1524
Authors: Plummer Marjorie Elisabeth 
Published: November 2014

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Anfang des Jahres 1522 erreichte die Debatte über die Priesterehe die Diözese Merseburg, als die beiden Pfarrer Johann Stumpf und Franz Klotzsch sich zur Heirat entschlossen. Stumpf und Klotzsch verteidigten ihr Handeln in mündlicher und schriftlicher Form vor den bischöflichen und herzoglichen Beamten, während andere Pfarrer sich entschieden gegen die Priesterehe aussprachen. Die durch Aktenmaterial gut belegten Fälle zeigen, wie sich die Reformation außerhalb Wittenbergs durchsetzten konnte. Insbesondere die Korrespondenz zwischen Friedrich dem Weisen und dem Bischof von Merseburg erhellt den reichspolitischen Umgang mit der erstarkenden Reformationsbewegung in den Jahren 1522-24. In der frühen Reformation war die Priesterehe ein in höchstem Maße öffentlicher und umstrittener Akt, der durch zahlreiche Interessen - theologische, rechtliche, gemeindliche und persönliche - bestimmt war.
Masculinity Restored: The Visual Shaping of St. John of the Cross
Authors: Wilson Christopher C. 
Published: November 2014

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Johannes vom Kreuz (1542-1591) war einer der ersten Ordensbrüder, den Teresa vonA´ vila für ihre Reformpläne des Karmeliterordens gewann. Das Ansehen, das er dadurch gewann, war aber nicht frei von Spannungen. Denn Teresa wurde bereits von ihren Zeitgenossen vorgeworfen, sie beherrsche und kontrolliere die Männer und kehre dadurch die Geschlechterhierarchie um. So wurde Johannes vom Kreuz einerseits verehrt wegen seiner Nähe zu Teresa, die rasch heiliggesprochen worden war und deren Bücher in den katholischen Ländern Europas weite Verbreitung fanden. Andererseits war es gerade die enge Beziehung zu der Heiligen, die das Ansehen Johannes’ vom Kreuz schwächte. Denn dadurch wurden die Autorität und Selbstbestimmung gemindert, die nach Ansicht der Zeit „Männlichkeit“ ausmachten. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden in den Dekaden vor seiner Selig- (1674) und Heiligsprechung (1726) Kunstwerke in Auftrag gegeben, die Johannes als gleichberechtigten Reformer und geistlichen Berater Teresas zeigen.
Mitteilung der Redaktion
Authors: Schilling Heinz 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
This focal point presents the sermons and speeches which were given in Augsburg on 25 September 2005 to celebrate the 450th anniversary of the Religious Peace of Augsburg. The focal point is supplemented by an overview article, in which the celebrations and exhibitions which took place in Germany in 2005 are discussed.
Buchbesprechung – Diskussion / Review – Discussion: Rejoinder to Robert von Friedeburg
Authors: Whitford David M. 
Published: November 2014

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
In seiner Antwort auf Robert von Friedeburg argumentiert David M. Whitford, von Friedeburg habe seinen Beitrag über “From Speyer to Magdeburg: The Development and Maturation of a Hybrid Theory of Resistance to Tyranny” im Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 96 (2005) falsch interpretiert. Dies führe zu einer Verfälschung der Argumentation des Aufsatzes. Whitford beschäftigt sich mit zwei der Friedeburgschen Kritikpunkte, um zu zeigen, daß von Friedeburg seines Erachtens den Aufsatz nicht angemessen würdigt, um in eine inhaltliche Diskussion eintreten zu können.
Geschichte im Museum – Die Reformationsabteilung in der neuen Dauerausstellung des Deutschen Historischen Museums in Berlin
Authors: Müller Siegfried 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
On 2 July 2006, the German Historical Museum in Berlin opened its new permanent exhibition. This essay, from the point of view of a historian of museums, pursues the question of how the history of the Reformation is presented.
Eine neue Luther-Debatte: Anmerkungen nicht nur in eigener Sache
Authors: Leppin Volker 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Volker Leppin’s biography of Luther has resulted in a lively discussion in German historiography. In this article, the author addresses some of the reviews of his book by explaining his view of the major points of contention. For example, he argues for a critical interpretation of Luther’s ego-documents, especially those of the older Luther who reflected on his earlier years, in particular the alleged “Reformation turning point.” Leppin regards the idea of the closeness of God as Luther’s leading theological concept, which the reformer developed further both in the medieval-mystic tradition as well as in his theology of justification. Thus, the transition from the Middle Ages to the early modern period is seen not as a break, but as a slow transformation which nevertheless also resulted in radically new developments, among others the concept of the priesthood of all believers.
Friedenstiften als kirchliche Praktik.
Authors: Hofheinz Marco 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article provides a contribution to the concept of a peace ethics which understands human peacemaking as a churchly practice accepting and joining in God's reconciling works. From a pacifist stance, the author argues that ecclesial ethics allows a forceful reframing of the just war tradition as it is developed in the largely unknown Reformed confessions of the l61 h century. A theological exploration of the peace church's pathos drives the author towards a rediscovery of the church's central worshiping practices, such as eucharist, as distinctively peacemaking practices. Following John Calvin's and Karl Barth's ethical account, the mode of peacemaking is defined as a hastening that waits.
Technik und Theologie. Was ist der Gegenstand einer theologischen Technikethik?
Authors: Schwarke Christian 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The paper argues that the history of technology proves some common assumptions of the theological treatment of technology to be wrang. Therefore both the relation of technology to the Christian culture and the place of technology within Christian doctrine have to be reconsidered. As technology does not merely Substitute but supplements the existing the idea of the concursus divinus is a more adequate expression for a theological understanding of technology than the doctrine of creation. In terms of method the ethics of technology deals with the different perceptions of a given technique, which is tobe evaluated with respect to its many places in contemporary culture.
Glanz und Elend der Intimität
Authors: Berner Knut 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Fora human being, intimacy is relevant for bis self-conception, bis relationships with others, with material objects and with god. Intimacy proves its glamour and its susceptibility to trouble in these four perceptional areas. The essay covers positive and negative aspects of some changes in perceptions of intimacy that result from social change and the introduction of new technologies. Theological ethics serves to limit and protect intimacy. At the same time, theological ethics has to emphasise and to substantiate the meaning of christian commandment of love beyond the human close-up range.
THERMO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NITI CLOSED COIL SPRINGS – FORCE DEGRADATION AND FORCE REGENERATION OVER TIME, VISCOUS PROPERTIES
Authors: Bezrouk Aleš , Balský Libor , Smutný Martin , Nosek Tomáš , Záhora Jiří , Hanuš Josef , Polma Richard 
Published: November 2014

Introduction: The aim of this study was to find out the impact of degradation and regeneration of force over time at NiTi springs on the value and course of the final acting force and to verify the possibility of using these phenomena for a directed transition to the reverse plateau and its maintaining. Methods: Static and cyclic mechanical loadings were performed. At first unused springs were tested. Afterwards the springs were mechanically stabilized by stress cycling and finally tested again. The difference in shape of the working curves was assessed. For simulation and description of the force degradation the modified Voight model was used. Results: New springs, mainly those with large hysteresis, showed a significant stress-strain curve movement and shape changes during the cycling. The effect of the stress-strain curve course change disappeared fully in the stabilized springs. Multiple loading led to an overall decrease of force value during the measurement. The effect of force degradation and regeneration over time by simple static loading varies in the range of percentage of the nominal force in the plateau area. The transition between stress-strain curve phases caused by the degradation or regeneration of the force wasn’t observed in case of mechanically stabilized springs. Conclusions: Springs should be mechanically stabilized before their application. The degree of force degradation over time is insignificant for mechanically stabilized springs. Degradation or regeneration of force over time, mechanical stabilization or micromovements in the mouth don’t cause any transition between individual stress-strain curve phases.
RADIOIODINE TREATMENT OF GRAVES’ DISEASE – DOSE/RESPONSE ANALYSIS
Authors: Čepková Jitka , Horáček Jiří , Vižďa Jaroslav , Doležal Jiří 
Published: November 2014

The clinical outcome of 153 Graves’ disease patients treated with a wide dose range of radioactive iodine-131 (RAI) was analyzed retrospectively. Six to nine months after the first dose of RAI 60 patients (39%) were hypothyroid (or rather thyroxine-substituted) and 26 (17%) were euthyroid, while 67 patients (44%) did not respond properly: in 32 (21%) their antithyroid drug (ATD) dose could be reduced but not withdrawn (partial response) and 35 (23%) remained hyperthyroid or the same dose of ATD was necessary (no response). The outcome did not correspond significantly to the administered activity of RAI (medians 259, 259, 222, and 259 MBq for hypothyroid, euthyroid, partial, and no response subgroups, respectively), or the activity retained in the gland at 24 h (medians 127, 105, 143, and 152 MBq). The effect was, however, clearly, and in a stepwise pattern, dependent on initial thyroid volume (17, 26, 33 and 35 ml, P < 0.001) or activity per gram tissue retained at 24 h (6.02, 4.95, 4.75, and 4.44 MBq/g, P = 0.002). Also, higher residual level of thyrotoxicosis at the time of RAI treatment was connected with worse outcome. The dose-dependency of outcome was further analyzed. When our sample was divided into tertiles, according to the adjusted dose, the same modest success rates (47%) were seen in the lower and middle tertiles. However, doses higher than 5.88 MBq/g (the upper tertile) resulted in success rate of 75%. Finer division into decils has shown a threshold-like increase in cure rate between the 7th and the 8th decil. In the first 7 decils (doses ≤ 6 MBq/g) the complete response rate was 45 to 50%, in the 8th decil (6.0 to 7.8~MBq/g) it rose to 80% and was not further increased with increasing dose. Direct comparison of higher (> 6 MBq/g, cure rate 80%) and lower (≤ 6 MBq/g, cure rate 46%) doses gave highly significant difference (P < 0.001). With our dosing range we found a dose-dependent clinical outcome that suggests an optimum delivered dose near 6.5 MBq/g, resulting in successful treatment of ca 80% patients.
Biology, detection, and clinical implications of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Joosse Simon A , Gorges Tobias M , Pantel Klaus 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCancer metastasis is the main cause of cancer‐related death, and dissemination of tumor cells through the blood circulation is an important intermediate step that also exemplifies the switch from localized to systemic disease. Early detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is therefore important as a general strategy to monitor and prevent the development of overt metastatic disease. Furthermore, sequential analysis of CTCs can provide clinically relevant information on the effectiveness and progression of systemic therapies (e.g., chemo‐, hormonal, or targeted therapies with antibodies or small inhibitors). Although many advances have been made regarding the detection and molecular characterization of CTCs, several challenges still exist that limit the current use of this important diagnostic approach. In this review, we discuss the biology of tumor cell dissemination, technical advances, as well as the challenges and potential clinical implications of CTC detection and characterization.
Delayed presentation of late-onset cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea following dopamine agonist therapy for giant prolactinoma
Authors: Prague J K , Ward C L , Mustafa O G , Whitelaw B C , King A , Thomas N W , Gilbert J 
Published: November 2014

Summary
Therapeutic shrinkage of prolactinomas with dopamine agonists achieves clinical benefit but can expose fistulae that have arisen as a result of bony erosion of the sella floor and anterior skull base by the invasive tumour, resulting in the potential development of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea, meningitis, and rarely pneumocephalus. Onset of symptoms is typically within 4 months of commencing therapy. The management is typically surgical repair via an endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach. A 23-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with acute left limb weakness and intermittent headaches. Visual fields were full to confrontation. Immediate computed tomography and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), demonstrated a 5 cm lobular/cystic mass invading the right cavernous sinus, displacing and compressing the midbrain, with destruction of the bony sella. He was referred to the regional pituitary multidisciplinary team (MDT). Serum prolactin was 159 455 mIU/l (7514.37 ng/ml) (normal ranges 100–410 mIU/l (4.72–19.34 ng/ml)). Cabergoline was commenced causing dramatic reduction in tumour size and resolution of neurological symptoms. Further dose titrations were required as the prolactin level plateaued and significant residual tumour remained. After 13 months of treatment, he developed continuous daily rhinorrhea, and on presenting to his general practitioner was referred to an otolaryngologist. When next seen in the routine regional pituitary clinic six-months later he was admitted for urgent surgical repair. Histology confirmed a prolactinoma with a low proliferation index of 2% (Ki-67 antibody). In view of partial cabergoline resistance he completed a course of conventional radiotherapy. Nine months after treatment the serum prolactin had fallen to 621 mIU/l, and 12 months after an MRI showed reduced tumour volume.

Learning points

CSF rhinorrhoea occurred 13 months after the initiation of cabergoline, suggesting a need for vigilance throughout therapy.

Dedicated bony imaging should be reviewed early in the patient pathway to assess the potential risk of CSF rhinorrhoea after initiation of dopamine agonist therapy.

There was a significant delay before this complication was brought to the attention of the regional pituitary MDT, with associated risk whilst left untreated. This demonstrates a need for patients and healthcare professionals to be educated about early recognition and management of this complication to facilitate timely and appropriate referral to the MDT for specialist advice and management. We changed our nurse-led patient education programme as a result of this case.

Having developed partial cabergoline resistance and CSF rhinorrhoea, an excellent therapeutic response was achieved with conventional radiotherapy after limited surgery.
An Epiallele at cly1 Affects the Expression of Floret Closing (Cleistogamy) in Barley
Authors: Wang Ning , Ning Shunzong , Wu Jianzhong , Tagiri Akemi , Komatsuda Takao 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The swelling of the lodicule is responsible for floret opening in many grass species, allowing for pollen dispersal and cross-pollination. In barley, the closed floret habit (cleistogamy) is under the control of cly1, a gene that operates by inhibiting the development of the lodicule. In non-cleistogamous cultivars, cly1 mRNA is degraded by miR172-directed cleavage, allowing the lodicules to swell; however, in cultivars carrying the recessive allele cly1.b, a single-nucleotide substitution destroys the miR172 target site preventing mRNA cleavage. Barley cv. SV235 is cleistogamous; its cly1 coding sequence is identical to that of cly1.b, but its lodicules do develop, although insufficiently to produce a non-cleistogamous flower. In this cultivar, the downregulation of cly1 is unrelated to miR172-directed mRNA degradation, but rather is caused by an epiallele that represses transcription. Allelic relationships between known cly1 alleles were explored by the quantification of lodicule vascularization and an assessment of the response of the spike to the supply of exogenous auxin. The SV235 phenotype can be manipulated by a pre-anthesis application of 2,4-d, a feature that could be of interest in the context of hybrid barley grain production based on cleistogamy.
Le « moment 1914 » en philosophie : France-Allemagne
Authors: Agard Olivier , Worms Frédéric , Béja Alice , Padis Marc-Olivier 
Published: November 2014

Que se passe-t-il en philosophie au tournant de 1914, en France et en Allemagne ? Il existe des questions communes, des influences, des inspirations – importance de l’ œuvre de Bergson en Allemagne – qui seront brisées par la guerre. Les philosophes, loin d’être capables d’adopter une distance critique, ont bien souvent reproduit dans la pensée les nationalismes de la politique.
A Right to Offend
Authors: Winston Brian 
Published: November 2014

Over the past two decades, there have been a series of events that have brought into question the concept and practice of free expression.
In this new book, Winston provides an account of the current state of freedom of expression in the western world. He analyses all the most pertinent cases of conflict during the last two decades – including the fatwa against Salman Rushdie, the incident of the Danish cartoons and offended celebrities – examining cultural, legal and journalistic aspects of each case.
A Right to Offend offers us a deeper understanding of the increasingly threatening environment in which free speech operates and is defended, as well as how it informs and is central to journalism practice and media freedom more generally. It is important reading for all those interested in freedom of expression in the twenty-first century.