bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microrecording and image-guided stereotactic biopsy of deep-seated brain tumors
Authors: Iijima Keiya , Hirato Masafumi , Miyagishima Takaaki , Horiguchi Keishi , Sugawara Kenichi , Hirato Junko , Yokoo Hideaki , Yoshimoto Yuhei 
Published: March 2015

OBJECT
Image-guided stereotactic brain tumor biopsy cannot easily obtain samples of small deep-seated tumor or selectively sample the most viable region of malignant tumor. Image-guided stereotactic biopsy in combination with depth microrecording was evaluated to solve such problems.

METHODS
Operative records, MRI findings, and pathological specimens were evaluated in 12 patients with small deep-seated brain tumor, in which image-guided stereotactic biopsy was performed with the aid of depth microrecording. The tumors were located in the caudate nucleus (1 patient), thalamus (7 patients), midbrain (2 patients), and cortex (2 patients). Surgery was performed with a frameless stereotactic system in 3 patients and with a frame-based stereotactic system in 9 patients. Microrecording was performed to study the electrical activities along the trajectory in the deep brain structures and the tumor. The correlations were studied between the electrophysiological, MRI, and pathological findings. Thirty-two patients with surface or large brain tumor were also studied, in whom image-guided stereotactic biopsy without microrecording was performed.

RESULTS
The diagnostic yield in the group with microrecording was 100% (low-grade glioma 4, high-grade glioma 4, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 3, and germinoma 1), which was comparable to 93.8% in the group without microrecording. The postoperative complication rate was as low as that of the conventional image-guided method without using microelectrode recording, and the mortality rate was 0%, although the target lesions were small and deep-seated in all cases. Depth microrecording revealed disappearance of neural activity in the tumor regardless of the tumor type. Neural activity began to decrease from 6.3 ± 4.5 mm (mean ± SD) above the point of complete disappearance along the trajectory. Burst discharges were observed in 6 of the 12 cases, from 3 ± 1.4 mm above the point of decrease of neural activity. Injury discharges were often found at 0.5–1 mm along the trajectory between the area of decreased and disappeared neural activity. Close correlations between electrophysiological, MRI, and histological findings could be found in some cases.

CONCLUSIONS
Image-guided stereotactic biopsy performed using depth microrecording was safe, it provided accurate positional information in real time, and it could distinguish the tumor from brain structures during surgery. Moreover, this technique has potential for studying the epileptogenicity of the brain tumor.
Extracellular vesicle–depleted fetal bovine and human sera have reduced capacity to support cell growth
Authors: Eitan Erez , Zhang Shi , Witwer Kenneth W. , Mattson Mark P. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundFetal bovine serum (FBS) is the most widely used serum supplement for mammalian cell culture. It supports cell growth by providing nutrients, growth signals, and protection from stress. Attempts to develop serum‐free media that support cell expansion to the same extent as serum‐supplemented media have not yet succeeded, suggesting that FBS contains one or more as‐yet‐undefined growth factors. One potential vehicle for the delivery of growth factors from serum to cultured cells is extracellular vesicles (EVs).MethodsEV‐depleted FBS and human serum were generated by 120,000g centrifugation, and its cell growth–supporting activity was measured. Isolated EVs from FBS were quantified and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy, and protein assay. EV internalization into cells was quantified using fluorescent plate reader analysis and microscopy.ResultsMost cell types cultured with EV‐depleted FBS showed a reduced growth rate but not an increased sensitivity to the DNA‐damaging agent etoposide and the endoplasmic reticulum stress–inducing chemical tunicamycin. Supplying cells with isolated FBS‐derived EVs enhanced their growth. FBS‐derived EVs were internalized by mouse and human cells wherein 65±26% of them interacted with the lysosomes. EV‐depleted human serum also exhibited reduced cell growth–promoting activity.ConclusionsEVs play a role in the cell growth and survival‐promoting effects of FBS and human serum. Thus, it is important to take the effect of EV depletion under consideration when planning EV extraction experiments and while attempting to develop serum‐free media that support rapid cell expansion. In addition, these findings suggest roles for circulating EVs in supporting cell growth and survival in vivo.
Ready‐made chromatography columns for extracellular vesicle isolation from plasma
Authors: Welton Joanne Louise , Webber Jason Paul , Botos Laur‐Alexandru , Jones Michael , Clayton Aled 
Published: March 2015

Proteomic studies of circulating vesicles are hampered by difficulties in purifying vesicles from plasma and serum. Isolations are contaminated with high‐abundance blood proteins that may mask genuine vesicular‐associated proteins and/or simply provide misleading data. In this brief report, we explored the potential utility of a commercially available size exclusion chromatography column for rapid vesicle purification. We evaluated the performance of the column, with cancer cell line conditioned medium or healthy donor plasma, in terms of removing non‐vesicular protein and enriching for vesicles exhibiting exosome characteristics. Serial fractions revealed a peak for typical exosomal proteins (CD9, CD81 etc.) that preceded the peak for highly abundant proteins, including albumin, for either sample type, and harvesting only this peak would represent elimination of >95% of protein from the sample. The columns showed good reproducibility, and streamlining the workflow would allow the exosome‐relevant material to be collected in less than 10 minutes. Surprisingly, however, subsequent post‐column vesicle concentration steps whilst resulting in some protein loss also lead to low vesicle recoveries, with a net effect of reducing sample purity (assessed by the particle‐to‐protein ratio). The columns provide a convenient, reproducible and highly effective means of eliminating >95% of non‐vesicular protein from biological fluid samples such as plasma.
Bridging the distributional gap of Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877) and new synonymy (Araneae: Tetragnathidae)
Authors: Kulkarni Siddharth , Yadav Swara 
Published: March 2015

Although Tylorida striata has not been reported from India, observations on India Biodiversity Portal (IBP 2015), an open access repository for biodiversity information of Indian subcontinent, showed images resembling this species. The respective locality in Gujarat, India was explored and specimens were studied to confirm record of T. striata in India. Literature study showed some taxonomic lacunae which needed to be resolved.
The tetragnathid spider Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877) is redescribed on examination of its long unknown syntypes from Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi deposited in the Natural History Museum of Giacomo Doria, Genoa, Italy and additional material from Kendari and other Indonesian regions. Description of Tylorida stellimicans (Simon, 1885) mentions its identity with T. striata, which however characterizes sub-adult of T. striata and is accordingly synonymized. Tylorida striata is newly recorded from India which links the distributional gap between China to Australia and Comoros Islands. Distributional and taxonomic records of Tylorida species with T. striata- like globose abdomen infer probable synonymy, which is subject to genus revision.
Le faciès du contrôle
Authors: Ahmadouchi Fatine , Jounin Nicolas , Kettal Yasmina , Krumnow Nina , Mimoun Alice , Mokrani Laëtitia , Mongongnon Jordan , Orsini Pierre , Otto Camilla , Rondou Lucie , Tamega Awa , Tilbourg Loïse , Bachiri Aurélie , Touré El Hadj , Tubeuf Ulysse , Bakhayokho Boubou , Bihet Julien , Bouali Requia , Cognasse Nedjma , El Mellah Sarah , Gicquel Camille , Josse Marie 
Published: March 2015

Cet article interroge les modalités des contrôles d’identité menés par les forces de l’ordre et notamment la sélection qui y préside, à partir d’une enquête par questionnaire auprès d’étudiants. Le look et le sexe ont des liens significatifs avec la probabilité d’avoir été contrôlé au moins une fois. La race présente également un lien significatif lorsqu’on opère un contrôle par des variables indiquant des pratiques de transport et de loisir. Au-delà de cette disparité, on voit apparaître des écarts, voire la formation d’une « clientèle policière », à travers la répétition et la manière dont se déroulent les contrôles.
Le traitement des phobies spécifiques en thérapie cognitive et comportementale
Authors: Denis Hélène 
Published: March 2015

La thérapie cognitive et comportementale ( tcc ) a démontré son efficacité dans la prise en charge des phobies spécifiques chez l’enfant. La technique de base en tcc est l’exposition : se confronter à la situation de façon progressive, en observant le phénomène d’habituation, jusqu’à ce que le niveau d’anxiété soit supportable puis disparaisse. Des techniques cognitives ou de renforcements positifs peuvent être nécessaires pour motiver l’enfant à réaliser ces expositions. Les cas cliniques illustreront l’application concrète de ces techniques.
« MP 3 » : un exemple de prise en charge psychologique en groupe à médiation d’adolescents atteints de drépanocytose hospitalisés en centre de soins-études
Authors: Gilormini Graziella , Cormont Marine 
Published: March 2015

Les établissements soins-études permettent à des jeunes malades de bénéficier de soins médicaux tout en leur donnant la possibilité de poursuivre efficacement leur scolarité. Le service de Médecine de l’Adolescent du cmpa de Neufmoutiers-en-Brie accueille des adolescents atteints de pathologies chroniques dont l’adressage est réalisé par les centres hospitaliers qui les prennent en charge depuis la découverte de la maladie. L’indication est le plus souvent motivée par la non-compliance du patient au traitement mais recouvre généralement des difficultés psychologiques, sociales, familiales complexes. Quelle prise en charge psychologique en centre de soins-études pour ces adolescents ? Les entretiens individuels menés avec ces patients ont montré leurs limites et nous ont amené à penser une prise en charge en groupe avec médiation.
Les déchets et l’aménagement des territoires de Buenos Aires et Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Carré Marie-Noëlle , Pires Negrão Marcelo 
Published: March 2015

Buenos Aires et Rio de Janeiro sont deux métropoles latino-américaines de plus de 10 millions d’habitants ; la gestion des déchets pèse sur l’aménagement de leurs territoires. Cette gestion était souvent prise en charge par le gouvernement central, au nom des enjeux de sécurité sanitaire et de maîtrise d’espaces stratégiques. Ces décisions, prises par des dictatures militaires répressives, ont été remises en cause au cours des années 1990, avec la redistribution des cartes de la gestion par les gouvernements locaux. Les municipalités tentent de tirer leur épingle du jeu, en associant les acteurs publics, privés et associatifs à leurs politiques de durabilité. Les dispositifs de participation démocratique laissent entrevoir le début d’une gouvernance métropolitaine des déchets.
Les politiques transfrontalières France-Italie et les nouveaux enjeux territoriaux
Authors: Darnis Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2015

La frontière a longtemps été le symbole d’une césure. Avec l’intégration européenne, une politique qui inverse le cap se met en place : elle fait de la frontière un lieu privilégié de l’intégration. La coopération transfrontalière entre la France et l’Italie illustre ces dynamiques, permettant d’observer le jeu et le nouveau positionnement des acteurs territoriaux. C’est un exemple de la croissance des politiques infranationales. En Italie, l’expression sistema paese (mot-à-mot : système-pays) explicite l’évolution de cette architecture institutionnelle qui s’adapte aux mutations des territoires à l’échelle internationale, les effets d’aubaine devenant des effets d’entrainement.
KIR and HLA Genotypes Predictive of Low-Affinity Interactions Are Associated with Lower Relapse in Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Marra John , Greene Justin , Hwang Jimmy , Du Juan , Damon Lloyd , Martin Tom , Venstrom Jeffrey M. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Killer cell Ig–like receptors (KIRs) bind cognate HLA class I ligands with distinct affinities, affecting NK cell licensing and inhibition. We hypothesized that differences in KIR and HLA class I genotypes predictive of varying degrees of receptor–ligand binding affinities influence clinical outcomes in autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using genomic DNA from a homogeneous cohort of 125 AML patients treated with AHCT, we performed KIR and HLA class I genotyping and found that patients with a compound KIR3DL1+ and HLA-Bw4-80Thr+, HLA-Bw4-80Ile– genotype, predictive of low-affinity interactions, had a low incidence of relapse, compared with patients with a KIR3DL1+ and HLA-Bw4-80Ile+ genotype, predictive of high-affinity interactions (hazard ratio [HR], 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06–0.78; p = 0.02). This effect was influenced by HLA-Bw4 copy number, such that relapse progressively increased with one copy of HLA-Bw4-80Ile (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.84–3.1; p = 0.15) to two to three copies (HR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4–6.5; p = 0.005) and progressively decreased with one to two copies of HLA-Bw4-80Thr (p = 0.13). Among KIR3DL1+ and HLA-Bw4-80Ile+ patients, a predicted low-affinity KIR2DL2/3+ and HLA-C1/C1 genotype was associated with lower relapse than a predicted high-affinity KIR2DL1+ and HLA-C2/C2 genotype (HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09–0.73; p = 0.01). Similarly, a KIR3DL1+ and HLA-Bw4-80Thr+, HLA-Bw4-80Ile– genotype, or lack of KIR3DL1+ and HLA-Bw4-80Ile+ genotype, rescued KIR2DL1+ and HLA-C2/C2 patients from high relapse (p = 0.007). These findings support a role for NK cell graft-versus-leukemia activity modulated by NK cell receptor–ligand affinities in AHCT for AML.
NF-κB Regulates PD-1 Expression in Macrophages
Authors: Bally Alexander P. R. , Lu Peiyuan , Tang Yan , Austin James W. , Scharer Christopher D. , Ahmed Rafi , Boss Jeremy M. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is responsible for T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infections and is expressed on a variety of immune cells following activation. Despite its importance, the mechanisms that regulate PD-1 in cell types other than CD8 T cells are poorly defined. In this study, the molecular mechanisms for inducing PD-1 expression in CD4 T cells, macrophages, and B cells were explored. In CD4 T cells, PD-1 induction following TCR stimulation required NFAT, as the calcineurin/NFAT pathway inhibitor cyclosporin A was able to block PD-1 induction in a manner similar to that seen in CD8 T cells. In contrast, LPS but not PMA and ionomycin stimulation was able to induce PD-1 expression in macrophages in a manner insensitive to cyclosporin A–mediated inhibition. B cells could use both pathways, although the levels of PD-1 expression were highest with PMA and ionomycin. An NF-κB binding site located upstream of the gene in conserved region C was required for NF-κB–dependent PD-1 gene activation in macrophages. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed NF-κB p65 binding to this region following stimulation of macrophages with LPS. PD-1 induction was associated with histone modifications characteristic of accessible chromatin; however, in contrast to CD8 T cells, conserved region B in macrophages did not lose CpG methylation upon stimulation and PD-1 expression. The linkage of TLR/NF-κB signaling to the induction of PD-1 suggests the possibility of an opportunistic advantage to microbial infections in manipulating immune inhibitory responses.
A Ceramide Analogue Stimulates Dendritic Cells To Promote T Cell Responses upon Virus Infections
Authors: Pritzl Curtis J. , Seo Young-Jin , Xia Chuan , Vijayan Madhuvanthi , Stokes Zachary D. , Hahm Bumsuk 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The ceramide family of lipids plays important roles in both cell structure and signaling in a diverse array of cell types, including immune cells. However, very little is known regarding how ceramide affects the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) in response to viral infection. In this study, we demonstrate that a synthetic ceramide analog (C8) stimulates DCs to increase the expansion of virus-specific T cells upon virus infection. Exogenously supplied C8 ceramide elevated the expression of DC maturation markers such as MHC class I and costimulatory molecules following infection with the clone 13 strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or influenza virus. Importantly, ceramide-conditioned, LCMV-infected DCs displayed an increased ability to promote expansion of virus-specific CD8+ T cells when compared with virus-infected DCs. Furthermore, a locally instilled ceramide analog significantly increased virus-reactive T cell responses in vivo to both LCMV and influenza virus infections. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into ceramide-mediated regulation of DC responses against virus infection and help us establish a foundation for novel immune-stimulatory therapeutics.
The Adaptor 3BP2 Is Required for KIT Receptor Expression and Human Mast Cell Survival
Authors: Ainsua-Enrich Erola , Serrano-Candelas Eva , Álvarez-Errico Damiana , Picado César , Sayós Joan , Rivera Juan , Martín Margarita 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
SH3-binding protein 2 (3BP2) is a cytoplasmic adaptor protein that acts as a positive regulator in mast cell FcεRI–dependent signaling. The KIT receptor whose ligand is the stem cell factor is necessary for mast cell development, proliferation, and survival as well as for optimal IgE-dependent signal. Activating mutations in KIT have been associated with several diseases including mastocytosis. In the present work, we found that 3BP2 silencing impairs KIT signaling pathways, thus affecting phosphoinositide 3-kinase and MAPK pathways in human mast cells (huMCs) from HMC-1, LAD2 (huMC lines), and CD34+-derived mast cells. Unexpectedly, silencing of 3BP2 reduces KIT expression in normal huMCs as well as in HMC-1 cells where KIT is mutated, thus increasing cellular apoptosis and caspase-3/7 activity. 3BP2 silencing reduces KIT transcription expression levels. Interestingly, 3BP2 silencing decreased microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression, a transcription factor involved in KIT expression. Reconstitution of 3BP2 in knockdown cells leads to reversal of KIT expression as well as survival phenotype. Accordingly MITF reconstitution enhances KIT expression levels in 3BP2-silenced cells. Moreover, downregulation of KIT expression by miRNA-221 overexpression or the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib also reduced 3BP2 and MITF expression. Furthermore, KIT tyrosine activity inhibition reduced 3BP2 and MITF expression, demonstrating again a tight and reciprocal relationship between these molecules. Taken together, our results show that 3BP2 regulates huMC survival and participates in KIT-mediated signal transduction by directly controlling KIT receptor expression, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target in mast cell–mediated inflammatory diseases and deregulated KIT disorders.
Mark’s distinctive emphasis on the temple’s torn curtain
Authors: Nel Marius 
Published: March 2015

This article asks several questions: What is distinctive about Mark’s description about the rending of the curtain in the Jerusalem Temple during Jesus’ crucifixion?; What is his rhetorical strategy in doing so?; What role does the temple play in Jewish religion? What role does the Temple play in Jesus’ ministry and message?; and What is the context of the narrative about the torn temple curtain? The conclusion is that Mark utilises the description to demonstrate God’s judgement on the worship at the temple, but at the same time illustrates how the way between heaven and earth is opened at the moment of the death of God’s Son.Markus se onderskeidende beskrywing van die geskeurde tempelgordyn. Verskeie vrae kom in hierdie artikel aan die bod: Wat is onderskeidend in Markus se beskrywing van die gordyn in die Jerusalemtempel wat tydens Jesus se kruisiging skeur?; Wat is die evangelis se retoriese strategie?; Watter rol speel die tempel in Joodse godsdiens?; Watter rol speel dit in Jesus se bediening en boodskap?; en Wat is die konteks vir die narratief binne die Evangelie oor die gordyn wat skeur? Die gevolgtrekking is dat Markus die beskrywing benut om God se oordeel oor die tempel te demonstreer, maar terselfdertyd illustreer dit ook hoe die weg tussen hemel en aarde oopgebreek word in die oomblikke toe God se Seun sterf.
Sorafenib induced acral pigmentation: A new entity
Authors: Gupta Mrinal , Gupta Heena , Gupta Anish 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor commonly used for the treatment of advanced renal cell and hepatocellular carcinoma. The commonly reported dermatological adverse effects of Sorafenib include hand-foot syndrome (HFS), alopecia, pruritus, facial and scalp erythema, splinter hemorrhages, keratoacanthomas, squamous cell carcinomas and eruptive melanocytic naevi. We report a case of asymptomatic hyperpigmentation of the palms and soles in a patient receiving Sorafenib therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma, in the absence of features of classic HFS, which has not been previously reported in the literature.
De grote verbouwing
Authors: Karré Philip Marcel , Paardekooper Cees 
Published: March 2015

The big reconstruction – public management reform in the Netherlands
The Netherlands is engaged in reforming several of its public service provision sectors by limiting their hybrid (mixed public/private) character. This special issue deals with these reforms. We have a closer look at the systems of transport, education and housing, and also discuss reforms of the Dutch nation state. Each article poses three basic questions: why has the sector evolved as it has? Why is change seen as necessary? And how does this process take place? By doing so, we draw general lessons on how the Netherlands deals with system change and public management reform.
Woningcorporaties: meer dan een eeuw hybriditeit
Authors: Elsinga Marja , van der Schaar Jan 
Published: March 2015

Social housing associations: more than a century of hybridity
Since 1901, Dutch social housing is organized as a hybrid system. Over the years, this system has continually adapted to outside forces and demands. Lately it has come under pressure, especially as the negative side effects of housing associations becoming autonomous have become apparent. This article describes the history of social housing in the Netherlands since 1901, and discusses whether the negative side effects of hybridity should be used as an argument for a major overhaul of the system.
Kwaliteit als sleutel tot overheidsinterventie: een reflectie op de beleidsassumpties van autonomievergroting in het primair onderwijs
Authors: Honingh Marlies , van Thiel Sandra 
Published: March 2015

Quality as the key for state intervention: Reflections on policy assumptions concerning increased organizational autonomy in primary education
In the 1980s, the organizational autonomy of primary schools in the Netherlands was increased to improve the quality of education. Today, new restrictions are being imposed on this autonomy, again as a means to improve educational quality. This article discusses whether this change can be seen as a systemic change or rather a further streamlining of the policies started in the 1980s.