bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locality analysis
Authors: Brock Jacob , Luo Hao , Ding Chen 
Published: May 2014

The rise of social media and cloud computing, paired with ever-growing storage capacity are bringing big data into the limelight, and rightly so. Data, it seems, can be found everywhere; It is harvested from our cars, our pockets, and soon even from our eyeglasses. While researchers in machine learning are developing new techniques to analyze vast quantities of sometimes unstructured data, there is another, not-so-new, form of big data analysis that has been quietly laying the architectural foundations of efficient data usage for decades.
Every time a piece of data goes through a processor, it must get there through the memory hierarchy. Since retrieving the data from the main memory takes hundreds of times longer than accessing it from the cache, a robust theory of data usage can lay the groundwork for all efficient caching. Since everything touched by the CPU is first touched by the cache, the cache traces produced by the analysis of big data will invariably be bigger than big.
In this paper we first summarize the locality problem and its history, and then we give a view of the present state of the field as it adapts to the industry standards of multicore CPUs and multithreaded programs before exploring ideas for expanding the theory to other big data domains.
Early Repolarization Increases the Occurrence of Sustained Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias and Sudden Death in the Chronic Phase of an Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Naruse Yoshihisa , Tada Hiroshi , Harimura Yoshie , Ishibashi Mayu , Noguchi Yuichi , Sato Akira , Hoshi Tomoya , Sekiguchi Yukio , Aonuma Kazutaka 
Published: May 2014

Background—
We recently showed that the presence of early repolarization (ER) increases the risk of ventricular fibrillation occurrences in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study aimed to clarify whether an association exists between ER and occurrences of ventricular tachyarrhythmias or sudden death in the chronic phase of AMI.

Methods and Results—

This study retrospectively enrolled 1131 patients (67±12 years; 862 men) with AMIs surviving 14 days post-AMI. The primary end point was the occurrence of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias or sudden death >14 days after the AMI onset. We evaluated the presence of ER from the predischarge ECG (mean 10±3 days post-AMI). ER was defined as an elevation of the terminal portion of the QRS complex of >0.1 mV in inferior or lateral leads. After a median follow-up of 26.2 months, 26 patients had an episode of ventricular tachyarrhythmias or sudden death. A multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed the presence of ER (hazard ratio, 5.37; 95% confidence interval, 2.27–12.69;
P
<0.001), Killip class on admission of >I (hazard ratio, 2.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–6.07;
P
=0.013), and a left ventricular ejection fraction of <35% (hazard ratio, 11.83; 95% confidence interval, 5.16–27.13;
P
<0.001) were significantly associated with event occurrences. As features of the ER pattern, ER in the inferior leads, high-amplitude ER, a notched morphology, and ER without ST-segment elevation were associated with an increased risk of event occurrences.

Conclusions—
ER observed at a mean of 10 days post-AMI may be a marker for a subsequent risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias or sudden death.
Review of East Asian Heliosia (Ledidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) species, with description of a new genus
Authors: Dubatolov Vladimir V. , Kishida Yasunori , WU Chunsheng 
Published: May 2014

Oriental species currently classified in the genus Heliosia Hampson, 1900 but in fact belonging to Nudariini are separated into the new genus Paraheliosia gen. nov.: Paraheliosia elegans (Reich, 1937) comb. nov. (type species) from South-East China; P. rufa (Leech, 1890) comb. nov. from North China (nominotypical subspecies) and Primorskiy Kray of Russia (P. r. ussuriensis (O. Bang-Haas, 1927) comb. nov.); and P. novirufa (Fang, 1992) comb. nov. from Sichuan. Presence of two strong apical spines at juxta apex and basal costal valve processes looks to be well marked autapomorphic characters of the new genus. Heliosia punctata Fang, 1992 is transferred into Elachistidae, Aeolanthinae but to unknown genus.
An Analogue Approach to Identify Heavy Precipitation Events: Evaluation and Application to CMIP5 Climate Models in the United States
Authors: Gao Xiang , Schlosser C. Adam , Xie Pingping , Monier Erwan , Entekhabi Dara 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
An analogue method is presented to detect the occurrence of heavy precipitation events without relying on modeled precipitation. The approach is based on using composites to identify distinct large-scale atmospheric conditions associated with widespread heavy precipitation events across local scales. These composites, exemplified in the south-central, midwestern, and western United States, are derived through the analysis of 27-yr (1979–2005) Climate Prediction Center (CPC) gridded station data and the NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA). Circulation features and moisture plumes associated with heavy precipitation events are examined. The analogues are evaluated against the relevant daily meteorological fields from the MERRA reanalysis and achieve a success rate of around 80% in detecting observed heavy events within one or two days. The method also captures the observed interannual variations of seasonal heavy events with higher correlation and smaller RMSE than MERRA precipitation. When applied to the same 27-yr twentieth-century climate model simulations from Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), the analogue method produces a more consistent and less uncertain number of seasonal heavy precipitation events with observation as opposed to using model-simulated precipitation. The analogue method also performs better than model-based precipitation in characterizing the statistics (minimum, lower and upper quartile, median, and maximum) of year-to-year seasonal heavy precipitation days. These results indicate the capability of CMIP5 models to realistically simulate large-scale atmospheric conditions associated with widespread local-scale heavy precipitation events with a credible frequency. Overall, the presented analyses highlight the improved diagnoses of the analogue method against an evaluation that considers modeled precipitation alone to assess heavy precipitation frequency.
Effects of Orography and Surface Heat Fluxes on the South Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Ma Ding , Boos William , Kuang Zhiming 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A high-resolution (40 km horizontal) global model is used to examine controls on the South Asian summer monsoon by orography and surface heat fluxes. In a series of integrations with altered topography and reduced surface heat fluxes, monsoon strength, as indicated by a vertical wind shear index, is highly correlated with the amplitude of the maximum boundary layer equivalent potential temperature (θeb) over South Asia. Removal of the Tibetan Plateau while preserving the Himalayas and adjacent mountain ranges has little effect on monsoon strength, and monsoon strength decreases approximately linearly as the height of the Himalayas is reduced. In terms of surface heat flux changes, monsoon strength is most sensitive to those in the location of the θeb maximum just south of the Himalayas. These results are consistent with the recent idea that topography creates a strong monsoon by insulating the thermal maximum from dry extratropical air. However, monsoon strength is found to be more sensitive to variations in the θeb maximum when topography is altered than when surface heat fluxes are reduced, and it is suggested that free-tropospheric humidity changes lead to deviations from strict convective quasi equilibrium and cause this difference. When topography is reduced, dry extratropical air intrudes into the troposphere over the θeb maximum and is entrained by local deep convection, requiring a higher θeb to achieve convective equilibrium with a given upper-tropospheric temperature and associated balanced monsoon flow. These results illustrate potential complexities that need to be included in simple theories for monsoon strength built on strict convective quasi equilibrium.
Tracking Interannual Streamflow Variability with Drought Indices in the U.S. Pacific Northwest
Authors: Abatzoglou John T. , Barbero Renaud , Wolf Jacob W. , Holden Zachary A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDrought indices are often used for monitoring interannual variability in macroscale hydrology. However, the diversity of drought indices raises several issues: 1) which indices perform best and where; 2) does the incorporation of potential evapotranspiration (PET) in indices strengthen relationships, and how sensitive is the choice of PET methods to such results; 3) what additional value is added by using higher-spatial-resolution gridded climate layers; and 4) how have observed relationships changed through time. Standardized precipitation index, standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), Palmer drought severity index, and water balance runoff (WBR) model output were correlated to water-year runoff for 21 unregulated drainage basins in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. SPEI and WBR with time scales encompassing the primary precipitation season maximized the explained variance in water-year runoff in most basins. Slightly stronger correlations were found using PET estimates from the Penman–Monteith method over the Thornthwaite method, particularly for time periods that incorporated the spring and summer months in basins that receive appreciable precipitation during the growing season. Indices computed using high-resolution climate surfaces explained over 10% more variability than metrics derived from coarser-resolution datasets. Increased correlation in the latter half of the study period was partially attributable to increased streamflow variability in recent decades as well as to improved climate data quality across the interior mountain watersheds.
Characterizing and Optimizing Precipitation Forecasts from a Convection-Permitting Ensemble Initialized by a Mesoscale Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Schwartz Craig S. , Romine Glen S. , Smith Kathryn R. , Weisman Morris L. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Convection-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model forecasts with 3-km horizontal grid spacing were produced for a 50-member ensemble over a domain spanning three-quarters of the contiguous United States between 25 May and 25 June 2012. Initial conditions for the 3-km forecasts were provided by a continuously cycling ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) analysis–forecast system with 15-km horizontal grid length. The 3-km forecasts were evaluated using both probabilistic and deterministic techniques with a focus on hourly precipitation. All 3-km ensemble members overpredicted rainfall and there was insufficient forecast precipitation spread. However, the ensemble demonstrated skill at discriminating between both light and heavy rainfall events, as measured by the area under the relative operating characteristic curve. Subensembles composed of 20–30 members usually demonstrated comparable resolution, reliability, and skill as the full 50-member ensemble. On average, deterministic forecasts initialized from mean EnKF analyses were at least as or more skillful than forecasts initialized from individual ensemble members “closest” to the mean EnKF analyses, and “patched together” forecasts composed of members closest to the ensemble mean during each forecast interval were skillful but came with caveats. The collective results underscore the need to improve convection-permitting ensemble spread and have important implications for optimizing EnKF-initialized forecasts.
Effectiveness of health promotion programmes for truck drivers: A systematic review
Authors: Ng Mandy K , Yousuf Bilal , Bigelow Philip Lloyd , Van Eerd Dwayne 
Published: May 2014

Objective: To review the characteristics of effective health promotion interventions for reducing chronic diseases and their risk factors in truck drivers. Methods: MEDLINE (PubMed), SCOPUS, Web of Science Conference Proceedings, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and the National Transportation Library were searched using keywords related to ‘truck driver’, ‘commercial driver’, and ‘health promotion’. Reference lists of relevant documents were hand-searched. Results: The search strategy identified 2,372 non-duplicate citations, of which nine met the inclusion criteria. These nine articles represented eight unique interventions. No studies measured chronic disease as an outcome. Six interventions incorporated multiple components and reported positive findings on various intermediate health outcomes (i.e. body mass index [BMI], % body fat) or health behaviours (i.e. nutrition, physical activity). The other two interventions modified work practices only, and found no significant improvements on fatigue and psychosocial measures. Conclusion: Health promotion interventions for truck drivers can improve both intermediate health outcomes and health behaviours over the short term. The small body of literature on health promotion interventions is a concern given that truck drivers are an at-risk population and their health impacts the safety of the driving public. Studies primarily focused on changes at the individual level and this is also a concern as environmental and work organisation factors are important determinants of both chronic disease outcomes and health-related behaviours in truck drivers. Future research should also include economic evaluations as well as methods to determine facilitators and barriers to programme participation and continuation.
Strengthening Theoretical Testing in Criminology Using Agent-based Modeling
Authors: Johnson Shane D. , Groff Elizabeth R. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives: The Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency ( JRCD) has published important contributions to both criminological theory and associated empirical tests. In this article, we consider some of the challenges associated with traditional approaches to social science research, and discuss a complementary approach that is gaining popularity—agent-based computational modeling—that may offer new opportunities to strengthen theories of crime and develop insights into phenomena of interest. Method: Two literature reviews are completed. The aim of the first is to identify those articles published in JRCD that have been the most influential and to classify the theoretical perspectives taken. The second is intended to identify those studies that have used an agent-based model (ABM) to examine criminological theories and to identify which theories have been explored. Results: Ecological theories of crime pattern formation have received the most attention from researchers using ABMs, but many other criminological theories are amenable to testing using such methods. Conclusion: Traditional methods of theory development and testing suffer from a number of potential issues that a more systematic use of ABMs—not without its own issues—may help to overcome. ABMs should become another method in the criminologists toolbox to aid theory testing and falsification.
The relation of sexual function to migraine-related disability, depression and anxiety in patients with migraine
Authors: Eraslan Defne , Yalınay Dikmen Pınar , Ilgaz Aydınlar Elif , İncesu Cem 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Depression and anxiety are two phenomena that affect quality of life as well as sexual function. Depression and anxiety levels are reported to be high in migraine sufferers. We aimed to understand whether sexual function in women with migraine was associated to migraine-related disability and frequency of migraine attacks, and whether this relationship was modulated by depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Methods
As migraine is more commonly seen in females, a total of 50 women with migraine were included. The diagnosis of migraine with or without aura was confirmed by two specialists in Neurology, according to the second edition of International Headache Society (IHS) International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II) in 2004. Migraine disability assessment scale score, female sexual function index scores, Beck depression inventory score and Beck anxiety inventory scores.

Results
Mean MIDAS score was 19.3 ± 12.8, and mean number of migraine attacks per month were 4.3 ± 2.7. Mean Female Sexual Function Index score was 20.9 ± 5.9 and 90% of patients had sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction was not related to MIDAS score or frequency and severity of attacks. No relationship between sexual function and anxiety was found, whereas severity of depressive symptoms was closely related to sexual function. Depressive symptoms affected all dimensions of sexual function, except for pain.

Conclusion
Sexual dysfunction seemed to be very common in our patients with migraine, while not related to migraine related disability, frequency of attacks and migraine severity or anxiety. The most important factor that predicted sexual function was depression, which was also independent of disease severity and migraine related disability. While future larger scale studies are needed to clarify the exact relationship, depressive and sexual problems should be properly addressed in all patients with migraine, regardless of disease severity or disability.
RGD-conjugated silica-coated gold nanorods on the surface of carbon nanotubes for targeted photoacoustic imaging of gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Can , Bao Chenchen , Liang Shujing , Fu Hualin , Wang Kan , Deng Min , Liao Qiande , Cui Daxiang 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Herein, we reported for the first time that RGD-conjugated silica-coated gold nanorods on the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes were successfully used for targeted photoacoustic imaging of in vivo gastric cancer cells. A simple strategy was used to attach covalently silica-coated gold nanorods (sGNRs) onto the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) to fabricate a hybrid nanostructure. The cross-linked reaction occurred through the combination of carboxyl groups on the MWNTs and the amino group on the surface of sGNRs modified with a silane coupling agent. RGD peptides were conjugated with the sGNR/MWNT nanostructure; resultant RGD-conjugated sGNR/MWNT probes were investigated for their influences on viability of MGC803 and GES-1 cells. The nude mice models loaded with gastric cancer cells were prepared, the RGD-conjugated sGNR/MWNT probes were injected into gastric cancer-bearing nude mice models via the tail vein, and the nude mice were observed by an optoacoustic imaging system. Results showed that RGD-conjugated sGNR/MWNT probes showed good water solubility and low cellular toxicity, could target in vivo gastric cancer cells, and obtained strong photoacoustic imaging in the nude model. RGD-conjugated sGNR/MWNT probes will own great potential in applications such as targeted photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy in the near future.
PyCX: a Python-based simulation code repository for complex systems education
Authors: Sayama Hiroki 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We introduce PyCX, an online repository of simple, crude, easy-to-understand sample codes for various complex systems simulation, including iterative maps, cellular automata, dynamical networks and agent-based models. All the sample codes were written in plain Python, a general-purpose programming language widely used in industry as well as in academia, so that students can gain practical skills for both complex systems simulation and computer programming simultaneously. The core philosophy of PyCX is on the simplicity, readability, generalizability and pedagogical values of simulation codes. PyCX has been used in instructions of complex systems modeling at several places with successful outcomes.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase and estrogen receptor define a hierarchy of cellular differentiation in the normal human mammary epithelium
Authors: Honeth Gabriella , Lombardi Sara , Ginestier Christophe , Hur Minhee , Marlow Rebecca , Buchupalli Bharath , Shinomiya Ireneusz , Gazinska Patrycja , Bombelli Silvia , Ramalingam Vernie , Purushotham Anand D , Pinder Sarah E , Dontu Gabriela 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Although estrogen and progesterone play a key role in normal mammary development and in breast cancer, the potential for proliferation and lineage differentiation as well as origin of cells that express the estrogen receptor (ER) in normal breast epithelium are not known. Some evidence suggests that normal human mammary stem/progenitor cells are ER–, but the identity of these cells and the cellular hierarchy of breast epithelium are still subjects of controversy. It is likely that elucidation of these aspects will bring insight into the cellular origin of breast cancer subtypes.

Methods
We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting of primary human mammary epithelial cells along with in vitro and in vivo functional assays to examine the hierarchic relation between cells with aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymatic activity (ALDH+ cells) and ER+ cells in the normal human breast epithelium. We assessed the proliferation and lineage differentiation potential of these cells in vitro and in vivo. A gene reporter assay was used to separate live ER+ and ER– mammary epithelial cells. With shRNA-mediated knockdown, we investigated the role of ALDH isoforms in the functionality of mammary epithelial progenitor cells.

Results
We describe a cellular hierarchy in the normal human mammary gland in which ER–/ALDH+ cells with functional properties of stem/progenitor cells generate ER+ progenitor cells, which in turn give rise to cells of luminal lineage. We show that the ALDH1A1 isoform, through its function in the retinoic acid metabolism, affects the proliferation and/or early differentiation of stem/progenitor cells and is important for branching morphogenesis.

Conclusions
This study presents direct evidence that ER+ cells are generated by ER–/ALDH+ stem/progenitor cells. We also show that ER+ cells are able to generate cell progeny of luminal lineage in vitro and in vivo. Loss of ALDH1A1 function impairs this process, as well as branching morphogenesis and clonogenicity in suspension culture. This latter effect is reversed by treatment with retinoic acid.
Current practice in the management of tetanus
Authors: Govindaraj Geeta M , Riyaz Arakkal 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTetanus is still a scourge among the under-privileged populations of the world, and unfortunately remains an important cause of death although a cheap, safe and highly efficacious vaccine is available. The rarity of the disease in some parts of the world results in newly trained physicians being unable to make a clinical diagnosis, and hampers the conduct of adequately powered randomized controlled trials. Several new and experimental pharmacological agents are being used to control the spasms in tetanus, and to combat the autonomic instability that occurs in the disease. New evidence is emerging regarding the use of antibiotics and intrathecal immunoglobulin in tetanus. It is imperative, therefore, that all physicians working in critical care should be aware of the current advances and evidence-based guidelines for management of tetanus in order to achieve the best outcomes, which Rodrigo and colleagues have reviewed in a recent issue of Critical Care.