bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic background of E. coli isolated from asymptomatic pregnant women from Kolkata, India
Authors: Mukherjee Mandira , Koley Snehashis , Mukherjee Sandip Kumar , Basu Shreya , Ghosh Biplab , Chakraborty Somajita 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) in pregnancy generates medical complications. E. coli is the common etiologic agent responsible for ABU-associated infections. This study aimed to identify the phylogenetic background and drug resistance in asymptomatic E. coli from a pregnant population. Methodology: E. coli was confirmed biochemically from culture-positive urine samples collected from asymptomatic pregnant women. Phylogenetic typing was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. Statistical significance was determined using SPSS 17.0 software. Results: Bacteriuria was observed in 113 (22.6%) of 500 asymptomatic pregnant females. E. coli was reported in 44 (38.9%) of 113 isolates. The mean age-wise distribution was 25.14 ± 4.63. Although pathogenic phylogroup B2 was predominant (54.5%), incidence of non-pathogenic phylogroup B1 (27.3%) was found to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001), and B1 and B2 were correlated with respect to total ABU population. Antibiotic sensitivity against ampicillin (34.1%), ceftazidime (50%), cefotaxime (47.7%), ciprofloxacin (47.7%), amikacin (86.4%), nitrofurantion (79.5%), and co-trimoxazole (36.4%) was observed. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and ESBL production was reported in 26 (59.1%) of 44 and 18 (69.2%) of the 26 MDR isolates, respectively. A significant distribution of phylogroup B1 (p = 0.03) with drug resistance was also observed. Conclusions: This is the first study that reported significant incidence of non-pathogenic phylogroup B1 in asymptomatic E. coli with high incidence of MDR isolated from pregnant women in Kolkata, India. These varied resistance patterns present major therapeutic and infection control challenges during pregnancy.
On Initial Conditions for the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Huang Juntao , Wu Hao , Yong Wen-An 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we propose two initialization techniques for the lattice Boltzmann method. The first one is based on the theory of asymptotic analysis developed in [M. Junk and W.-A. Yong, Asymptotic Anal., 35(2003)]. By selecting consistent macroscopic quantities, this initialization leads to the second-order convergence for both velocity and pressure. Another one is an improvement of the consistent initial conditions proposed in [R. W. Mei, L.-S. Luo, P. Lallemand and D. d’Humières, Comput. Fluids, 35(2006)]. The improvement involves a modification of the collision term and a reconstruction step. Numerical examples confirm the accuracy and efficiency of our techniques.
The Diffused Vortex Hydrodynamics Method
Authors: Rossi Emanuele , Colagrossi Andrea , Bouscasse Benjamin , Graziani Giorgio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA new Particle Vortex Method, called Diffused Vortex Hydrodynamics (DVH), is presented in this paper. The DVH is a meshless method characterized by the use of a regular distribution of points close to a solid surface to perform the vorticity diffusion process in the boundary layer regions. This redistribution avoids excessive clustering or rarefaction of the vortex particles providing robustness and high accuracy to the method. The generation of the regular distribution of points is performed through a packing algorithm which is embedded in the solver. The packing algorithm collocates points regularly around body of arbitrary shape allowing an exact enforcement on the solid surfaces of the no-slip boundary condition. The present method is tested and validated on different problems of increasing complexities up to flows with Reynolds number equal to 100,000 (without using any subgrid-scale turbulence model).
PREVALÊNCIA DE ANSIEDADE E DEPRESSÃO NO PRÉ- OPERATÓRIO DE CIRURGIAS ELETIVAS EM UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO EM CURITIBA
Authors: Maluf Eliane Mara Cesário , Richlin Camília Helena , Barreira Marília De Almeida 
Published: July 2015

Introdução: No período pré-operatório a prevalência de ansiedade e depressão pode aumentar. Tais transtornos são considerados causas da dificuldade de recuperação do paciente após a cirurgia, do tempo de internamento prolongado, da necessidade aumentada de anestésicos e analgésicos, da menor adesão ao tratamento e do custo elevado ao sistema de saúde. Objetivo: Conhecer a prevalência de ansiedade e depressão em pacientes no pré-operatório de cirurgias eletivas no Hospital da Cruz Vermelha Paraná (HCV-PR) e verificar possíveis associações entre a presença destes transtornos com as variáveis sexo, idade, estado civil, religião, escolaridade, renda e tipo de atendimento hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo com 200 pacientes internados no pré-operatório de cirurgias eletivas entre julho e outubro de 2013. Instrumentos de coleta de dados: escala hospitalar de ansiedade e depressão (HADS) e questionário de dados socioeconômicos e demográficos. Resultados: A prevalência de ansiedade (27,5%) foi superior à de depressão (13,5%). A ansiedade foi mais frequente entre os pacientes com as seguintes características: ensino médio incompleto (58,2%), renda inferior a 2 salários mínimos (56,4%), e usuários do SUS (63,3%), com p<0,05. A depressão foi mais frequente entre os pacientes com: idade ≥ 50 anos (81,5%), renda inferior a 2 salários mínimos (59,3%), usuários do SUS (70,4%), com p<0,05. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes com distúrbios apresentou baixa renda e foi atendida pelo SUS, características essas que os tornam mais vulneráveis. Por isso, é importante investir no cuidado pré-operatório, promovendo assistência e auxiliando o paciente na compreensão do processo, a fim de diminuir efeitos deletérios.
‘I felt a noble shock’: James Boswell in German Princely Courts
Authors: Kekäläinen Markku 
Published: July 2015

The article deals with James Boswell’s (1740–1795) attitudes towards the courtly milieu in the context of eighteenth-century British court discourse. The central argument is that, strongly contrary to the anti-court ethos of his intellectual and social milieu, Boswell had an affirmative and enthusiastic attitude towards the court. Moreover, the fact that he was neither an Addisonian moralist ‘spectator’ nor a cynical court aristocrat like Lord Chesterfield, but in many senses a highly affective ‘man of feeling’ of the age, did not diminish the uniqueness of his positive view of court culture. On the one hand, Boswell’s appreciation of the court was connected with his firm monarchism and belief in hereditary rank; on the other hand, he was aesthetically fascinated by the splendour and magnificence of the courtly milieu. His appraisal of the court did not include the common-sense moralism of the moral weeklies or the cynical observations of the aristocratic court discourse; rather his attitude was immediate, emotional, and enthusiastic in the spirit of the cult of sensibility.
Ten years of marine current measurements in Espartel Sill, Strait of Gibraltar
Authors: Sammartino S. , García Lafuente J. , Naranjo C. , Sánchez Garrido J. C. , Sánchez Leal R. , Sánchez Román A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMore than 10 year of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler observations collected at the westernmost sill (Espartel sill) of the Strait of Gibraltar by a monitoring station have been carefully processed to provide the most updated estimation of the Mediterranean outflow. A comprehensive quality control of the factors affecting the uncertainty of the measurements has been carried out and great care has been paid to infer the current at the bottom layer, where direct observations are lacking. The mean outflow in the southern channel of the sill section has been estimated as −0.82 Sv (1 Sv = 1 × 106 m3 s−1), with an average contribution of the eddy fluxes of −0.04 Sv. This figure is an overestimation, as the mooring measurements, assumed valid for the whole section, ignore the lateral friction. On the other hand, it only gives the flow through the southern channel and disregards the fraction flowing through shallower northern part. Both drawbacks have been addressed by investigating the cross‐strait structure of the outflow from hindcasts produced by the MITgcm numerical model, run in a high‐resolution domain covering the Gulf of Cádiz and Alboran Sea basins. An overall rectifying factor of 1.039 was found satisfactory to correct the first estimate, so that the final mean outflow computed from this data set is −0.85 Sv, complemented with an uncertainty of ±0.03 Sv based on the interannual variability of the series. The temporal analysis of the series shows an outflow seasonality of around the 8% of the mean value, with maximum outflow in early spring.
Robust comparison of climate models with observations using blended land air and ocean sea surface temperatures
Authors: Cowtan Kevin , Hausfather Zeke , Hawkins Ed , Jacobs Peter , Mann Michael E. , Miller Sonya K. , Steinman Byron A. , Stolpe Martin B. , Way Robert G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe level of agreement between climate model simulations and observed surface temperature change is a topic of scientific and policy concern. While the Earth system continues to accumulate energy due to anthropogenic and other radiative forcings, estimates of recent surface temperature evolution fall at the lower end of climate model projections. Global mean temperatures from climate model simulations are typically calculated using surface air temperatures, while the corresponding observations are based on a blend of air and sea surface temperatures. This work quantifies a systematic bias in model‐observation comparisons arising from differential warming rates between sea surface temperatures and surface air temperatures over oceans. A further bias arises from the treatment of temperatures in regions where the sea ice boundary has changed. Applying the methodology of the HadCRUT4 record to climate model temperature fields accounts for 38% of the discrepancy in trend between models and observations over the period 1975–2014.
Seasonal coastal sea level prediction using a dynamical model
Authors: McIntosh Peter C. , Church John A. , Miles Elaine R. , Ridgway Ken , Spillman Claire M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSea level varies on a range of time scales from tidal to decadal and centennial change. To date, little attention has been focussed on the prediction of interannual sea level anomalies. Here we demonstrate that forecasts of coastal sea level anomalies from the dynamical Predictive Ocean Atmosphere Model for Australia (POAMA) have significant skill throughout the equatorial Pacific and along the eastern boundaries of the Pacific and Indian Oceans at lead times out to 8 months. POAMA forecasts for the western Pacific generally have greater skill than persistence, particularly at longer lead times. POAMA also has comparable or greater skill than previously published statistical forecasts from both a Markov model and canonical correlation analysis. Our results indicate the capability of physically based models to address the challenge of providing skillful forecasts of seasonal sea level fluctuations for coastal communities over a broad area and at a range of lead times.
Wind and tidal mixing controls on stratification and dense water outflows in a large hypersaline bay
Authors: Hetzel Yasha , Pattiaratchi Charitha , Lowe Ryan , Hofmeister Richard 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn Shark Bay, a large inverse estuary in Western Australia, longitudinal density gradients establish a gravitational circulation that is important for Bay‐ocean exchange and transport of biological material such as larvae. The relative contributions of energy from wind and tidal mixing on the control of vertical stratification and gravitational circulation were investigated using the three‐dimensional baroclinic ocean circulation model (General Estuarine Transport Model, GETM). In this large inverse estuary, the effects of the winds and tides on vertical mixing were found to be of similar magnitude. A critical depth of ∼15 m was identified that determined whether winds or tides or a combination of the two was required to create vertically mixed conditions. Where it was shallower than the critical depth, either the wind or tide could fully mix the water column. In contrast, a combination of both winds and tides was required to mix the deeper channels. Density‐driven circulation peaked 0–3 days after periods of maximum stratification, resulting in a fortnightly modulation of dense water outflows along the seabed following the tidal stage. Salt flux calculations provided new evidence for the predominance of outflow through the deeper northern entrance channel where outflows persisted through all stages of the tide. In contrast, outflows through the western channel were more intermittent with a stronger tidal component. Wind driven lateral circulation between the entrances was also important and could temporarily reverse the circulation during northerly wind events.
The Nitro to Carbonyl Conversion (Nef Reaction): New Perspectives for a Classical Transformation
Authors: Ballini Roberto , Petrini Marino 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis review article reports new procedures and practical application of the nitro to carbonyl conversion that appeared in the literature after our comprehensive report published in 2004. Beside traditional and well explored reactant systems, new procedures including the utilization of molecular oxygen and photoredox catalysis have been introduced for the Nef reaction. Of notable interest is the utilization of the nitro to carbonyl conversion in tandem and cascade processes aimed at the preparation of hetero and carbocyclic derivatives.magnified image
A destructive feedback loop mediated by CXCL10 in central nervous system inflammatory disease
Authors: Roberts Wendy K. , Blachère Nathalie E. , Frank Mayu O. , Dousmanis Athanasios , Ransohoff Richard M. , Darnell Robert B. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveParaneoplastic neurologic disorders (PND) are autoimmune diseases associated with cancer and ectopic expression of a neuronal antigen in a peripheral tumor. Patients with PND harbor high‐titer antibodies and T cells in their serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that are specific to the tumor antigen, and treatment with the immunosuppressant FK506 (tacrolimus) decreases CSF white blood cell counts. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of FK506 on CSF chemokine levels in PND patients.MethodsCSF samples before and after FK506 treatment were tested by multiplex assay for the presence of 27 cytokines. Follow‐up in vitro experiments aimed to determine whether T cells secrete CXCL10 in response to cognate antigen.ResultsHere we report that PND patients harbor high levels of the chemokine CXCL10 in their CSF. CXCL10 is a cytokine that recruits CXCR3+ cells such as activated T cells, and we found that FK506 treatment specifically decreased CSF CXCL10 from among 27 cytokines tested. In vitro, CXCL10 was only produced during antigen‐specific cognate interactions between T cells and antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) when interferon‐γ (IFNγ) receptors were present on the T cell.InterpretationThese results support a model in which antigen‐specific T cell stimulation by PND APCs triggers IFNγ, followed by CXCL10 production and further lymphocyte recruitment, suggesting that treatments targeting T cells or CXCL10 in the central nervous system (CNS) may interrupt a destructive positive feedback loop present in CNS inflammation. Ann Neurol 2015;78:619–629
Schneller, amplifikationsfreier und sensitiver diagnostischer Test zur Einzelschritt‐Multiplexfluoreszenzdetektion von MicroRNA
Authors: Jin Zongwen , Geißler Daniel , Qiu Xue , Wegner K. David , Hildebrandt Niko 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDie Bedeutung der MicroRNA(miRNA)‐Dysregulierung für die Entwicklung und den Fortschritt von Krankheiten sowie die Entdeckung stabiler miRNA in peripherem Blut haben diese kurzen Nukleinsäuren zu Biomarkern der nächsten Generation gemacht. Hier präsentieren wir einen vollkommen homogenen Multiplex‐miRNA‐FRET‐Test, der sorgfältiges biophotonisches Design mit verschiedenen RNA‐Hybridisierungs‐ und Ligationsschritten kombiniert. Im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik in der miRNA‐Detektion bietet der Einzelschritt‐Einzeltemperatur‐ und amplifikationsfreie Assay eine einzigartige Kombination von Leistungsparametern. Präzise Multiplex‐Quantifizierung von miRNA‐20a, ‐20b und ‐21 in Konzentrationen zwischen 0.05 und 0.5 nM in einer einzigen 150‐μL‐Probe und Nachweisgrenzen zwischen 0.2 und 0.9 nM in 7.5‐μL‐Serumproben zeigen die Anwendbarkeit der Technologie sowohl für die Hochdurchsatzanalyse als auch die patientennahe klinische Diagnostik.
Tuning the Stereoselectivity of a DNA‐Catalyzed Michael Addition through Covalent Modification
Authors: Dey Surjendu , Jäschke Andres 
Published: July 2015

AbstractComplexes of G‐quadruplex DNA and CuII ions have previously been applied as catalysts in asymmetric reactions, but the largely unspecific and noncovalent nature of the interaction has impeded understanding of the structural basis of catalysis. To better control the formation of a catalytically competent species, DNA quadruplexes were derivatized with linker‐bpy‐CuII complexes in a site‐specific manner and applied in asymmetric aqueous Michael additions. These modified quadruplexes exhibited high rate acceleration and stereoselectivity. Different factors were found to be important for the catalytic performance of the modified G‐quadruplexes, among them, the position of modification, the topology of the quadruplex, the nature of the ligand, and the length of the linker between the ligand and DNA. Moving the same ligand by just two nucleotides inverted the stereochemical outcome: quadruplexes modified at position 10 formed the (−)‐enantiomer with up to 92 % ee, while DNA derivatized at position 12 formed the (+)‐enantiomer with up to 75 % ee. This stereopreference was maintained when applied to structurally different Michael acceptors. This work demonstrates a new and simple way to tune the stereoselectivity in DNA‐based asymmetric catalysis.
Preparation and characterization of inorganic acid catalytic membrane for biodiesel production from oleic acid
Authors: Xu Wei , Xu Jiwu , Gao Lijing , Xiao Guomin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn inorganic catalytic membrane constructed of a ceramic membrane (CM) support and catalytic coating (active component SO42−/TiO2) was prepared and used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the esterification of oleic acid with methanol for biodiesel production. SO42−/TiO2‐CM catalytic membrane was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction patterns, and scanning electron microscopy together with energy dispersive analyzer for X‐ray (EDS). It was found that the SO42−/TiO2 particles were well coated on the surface of CM matrix, and the oleic acid conversion could become 97.6% at the optimum condition. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of cyclosporine and area under the curve prediction using a single time point strategy: appraisal using peak concentration data
Authors: Srinivas Nuggehally R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThere is an ongoing debate on the use of a single concentration time point C2 for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and exposure prediction for cyclosporine. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the relationship between the peak concentration (Cmax) versus area under the curve (AUC) for cyclosporine. Using published data from renal transplant patients from an 8–12 week study with two formulations, a simple linear regression model represented by AUC − cyclosporine = Cmax − Cyclosporine × 3.9965 + 384.5 (r = 0.9647; p < 0.001) was developed. Using the regression equation, predictions of AUC from the reported Cmax data were performed; the fold difference between observed vs predicted AUC was computed and the root mean square error for the prediction was calculated. While all but one of the predicted AUCs were contained within a 0.5–2‐fold difference (99.1%), a greater proportion of the AUC values were predicted within a narrower range of 0.75 to 1.5‐fold difference (78.2%), suggesting the utility of Cmax as the right surrogate for predicting the AUC for cyclosporine with a correlation coefficient of 0.8698 (n = 126; p < 0.001) and a RMSE of 26.2%. Since the time to Cmax generally varies from 1 to 2 h, although the results validate the use of C2, there may be an opportunity to explore the suitability of C1 or C1.5 in a prospective study for the purpose of TDM and AUC prediction of cyclosporine. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Descriptive epidemiology of birth defects thought to arise by new mutation
Authors: Langlois Peter H. , Scheuerle Angela E. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundThe current study is the first to examine the association of a broad range of sociodemographic factors with conditions thought to arise most of the time by de novo mutation.MethodsData were taken from 1999 to 2009 from the Texas Birth Defects Registry (TBDR), a statewide active surveillance program. We used Poisson regression to generate crude and adjusted measures of association; the latter included models with all variables and with a parsimonious subset of variables.ResultsThere were 1694 cases with any of the phenotypes in the panel, 1100 cases in a subpanel with ≥90% of cases thought to arise de novo, 523 with chromosomal deletion disorders, and 243 with imprinting disorders. In the most parsimonious models, there was an increasing time trend in all groups except imprinting (p ≤ 0.01). Plurality (twins, triplets, etc.) was associated with greater risk of all groups except chromosomal deletions (p ≤ 0.01). Parental age showed strong trends with all groups; paternal age was most important for the total and imprinting groups (p ≤ 0.0001), and maternal age for the others (p ≤ 0.04). De novo mutation phenotypes were more prevalent among offspring of fathers who are non‐Hispanic White compared with some other race/ethnic groups.ConclusionThis study suggests that birth defects arising by new mutation may be more prevalent among offspring of older parents and in plural births. The increasing time pattern and race/ethnic pattern may be related to greater use of or access to genetic tests. This approach to mutation epidemiology seems feasible for birth defects registries to consider.Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:913–927, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.