bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’apport des études sur les parlers bilingues dans l’enseignement/ apprentissage du polonais en milieu francophone
Authors: Masiewicz Anna 
Published: May 2014

The contribution of research on bilingual speech to the teaching/learning of Polish in a French-speaking environment
The paper attempts to show aspects of bilingualism as investigated in the new light of such phenomena as code switching, interference, and errors. A bilingual is no longer seen as a sum of two monolinguals, but rather as a person with a varied linguistic and cultural repertoire which he or she can use, depending on the situation. Researchers such as Swiss linguist Bernard Py have shown the relationship between a language learner and a stabilized bilingual. The example of acquisition of Polish outside Poland – in France, in Switzerland, in an institution as L2, or within a Polish family – very accurately confirms the general processes that recur in different time periods and in the contact of Polish with different languages. The richness of Polish research attests to this. In the area of language pedagogy, the notion of error and the status of error evaluation have changed dramatically: error is now considered an integral part of the acquisition of a foreign language, and error evaluation requires a multifaceted analysis.
Dwujęzyczność polsko-obca w Polsce i poza jej granicami. Rozwój i perspektywy badań
Authors: Miodunka Władysław T. 
Published: May 2014

Polish-foreign bilingualism in Poland and outside of it. Research development and perspectives
The paper summarizes research on Polish-foreign bilingualism in Poland and outside of its borders. It takes various works into account, regardless of whether their authors place bilingualism in the centre of their research interests, or only mention it in the background of considerations on the use of Polish in the given national or ethnic minority. Apart from works on modern Polish-foreign bilingualism, the author discusses research into bi- and multilingualism in Polish linguistic history. Particular attention is given to the Polish-French bilingualism of Polish romantic authors of the 19th century. The final part of the paper reviews the methodology of research into bilingualism, especially those methods that extend beyond the analysis of linguistic contacts, and combine research into bilingualism with cultural, anthropological and humanistic linguistics. The paper closes with remarks on the perspectives of research on bi- and multilingualism in Poland.
O naturalnej dwujęzyczności i przekazywaniu języka dzieciom w sytuacji imigracji
Authors: Wróblewska-Pawlak Krystyna 
Published: May 2014

On natural bilingualism and transmission of language to children in the situation of immigration
The paper presents two perspectives on the question of transmission of cultural heritage, including the language of the country of origin, in the situation of immigration: the sociolinguistic (bilingual education and the role of the strategy chosen by the parents), and the sociological (linguistic transmission using the example of selected research on Polish emigrants).
Przekład filmu wielojęzycznego
Authors: Bednarczyk Anna 
Published: May 2014

Translation of a multilingual film
The paper deals with the audiovisual translation in the context of a multilingual and multicultural film. The analysis is based on a Russian film about the Polish singer Anna German (Anna German. Mystery of the White Angel) and concerns the use of Russian, Polish, Italian and English languages. The author presents the Russian text as both the source and the target plane of the film, and – goes on to discuss the possibilities, potential methods and strategies of translation.
Audiodeskryptor i tłumacz – analogie i rozbieżności
Authors: Karaszewska Karolina 
Published: May 2014

Audio describer vs. translator – analogies and discrepancies
A translator is, first of all, a person who translates texts from one language into another. However, a language as such is a much wider notion. We have body language, i.e. non‑verbal stimuli which we receive, interpret and process, and all kinds of other aural and visual stimuli. A blind person, like a translation recipient, needs an audio describer, i.e., a „go‑between” who will decode visual elements for him or her and transform them in an understandable way. It is impossible not to notice a similarity between audio describers and translators. That is why we need to pay attention to specific features audio‑describers should have that are not absolutely necessary for translators, as well as some features useful for both groups.
Kultureller Kontext im Historienfilm – eine Herausforderung für den Übersetzer (Sophie Scholl – Die letzten Tage)
Authors: Majkiewicz Anna 
Published: May 2014

The cultural context in history‑films as translation challenge (Sophie Scholl – The Final Days)
The author of this article analyzes the cultural elements relevant for the understanding of the films meaning and the way of their translation at the polish subtitles. The remarks are based on the film Sophie Scholl – The Final Days (German: Sophie Scholl – Die letzten Tage, 2005) by director Marc Rothemund and writer Fred Breinersdorfer. It is about the last days in the life of Sophie Scholl, a 21‑year‑old member of the anti‑Nazi non‑violent student resistance group the White Rose, part of the German Resistance movement. The author comes to the conclusion that the need to foreignise results from the necessity to confront the final recipients with the (historical) cultural difference.
Mislabeling Event with Batched Drugs: Unintended Consequences of Practice Change; Morse Code Imprint; Multiple Barcodes Cause Confusion
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: May 2014

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Establishing a Quality Control Program: Ensuring Safety from Contamination for Recycled Metered-Dose Inhalers
Authors: Liou Jenny , Clyne Kurt , Knapp Donnet , Snyder Jay 
Published: May 2014

Background Recycling metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) is an effective method to conserve medications resulting in significant cost savings to the hospital. A noted limitation in some reports is the potential for cross-contamination. Objective To implement a quality control program to monitor and validate the safety of recycled MDIs for institutional reuse. Methods A quality control program was conducted from December 2012 to May 2013. At a 257-bed acute care facility, MDIs are administered to a single patient using a patient-specific valved holding chamber and then returned to the pharmacy for cleaning with 70% isopropyl alcohol prior to re-dispensing to a new patient. Ten percent of MDIs from 3 categories were categorized: prior to pharmacy cleaning, after pharmacy cleaning, and new/unused control group each month. The mouthpiece and canister spray tip from each MDI were tested. Any bacterial growth was documented. A secondary test was conducted to ensure that artificially contaminated MDIs could be cleaned with current cleaning procedures. Cost savings measures were also quantified. Results There was no bacterial growth on the 17 recycled MDIs cultured prior to the cleaning process. Bacteria did not grow on any of the 33 recycled MDIs cleaned with 70% isopropyl alcohol. Likewise, in the control group of 33 new/unused control MDIs, there was no bacterial growth. No bacteria growth was found after cleaning each artificially contaminated MDI. Total drug cost savings during the study period was approximately $130,000. Conclusions Establishing a strict quality control program is paramount to validating a safe and effective recycled MDI procedure.
Association between Prescription Drug Benefit and Hospital Readmission Rates
Authors: Challen Laura , Kelso Christine , Gandhi Bhumi 
Published: May 2014

Purpose To determine whether primary care medicine clinic (PCMC) patients with a prescription drug benefit were associated with a lower rate of hospital readmissions. Methods This study was a retrospective, single-center, cohort study of PCMC patients who had at least 1 hospital readmission in 2011. Eligible patients were divided into 2 groups: patients without prescription drug benefits and patients with prescription drug benefits. Results Three hundred fifty-two patients met our inclusion criteria. The number of hospital readmissions for patients with a prescription drug benefit was higher than those with no prescription drug benefit (2.453 ± 2.49 vs 1.88 ± 1.91; P = .052). The length of index admission and the length of hospital readmission in days were higher in patients with no prescription drug benefits (index admission, 5.29 ± 6.38 vs 4.59 ± 4.50; P = .428) (readmission, 5.31 ± 5.90 vs 4.48 ± 4.33, P = .166). The number of days to readmission was higher in those with drug benefits (58.12 ± 63.54 vs 53.39 ± 53.47; P = .316). When patient data were separated by CCI scores, it was noted that patients with pharmacy benefits had significantly more hospital readmissions in each CCI score category except for patients with a CCI of 6. Conclusion Although not statistically significant, patients with prescription drug benefits had more hospital readmissions but shorter hospital lengths of stay. Significant data linking hospital readmissions and prescription insurance benefits, if found in future studies, would provide helpful guidance to health care systems.
Evaluation of Phenylephrine Stability in Polyvinyl Chloride Bags
Authors: Jansen Josiah J. , Oldland Alan R. , Kiser Tyree H. 
Published: May 2014

Purpose Phenylephrine hydrochloride (HCl) is commonly used to maintain adequate blood pressure during shock and shocklike states. Phenylephrine is prepared in concentrated stock vials that require further dilution prior to administration. This study evaluated the physical and chemical stability of phenylephrine in extemporaneously prepared polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags. Methods Phenylephrine HCl 10 mg/mL solution was diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride for injection to final concentrations of 200 µg/mL and 400 µg/mL and stored at room temperature (23°C-25°C) exposed to fluorescent light. Stability of phenylephrine HCl was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45, and 60. Results Phenylephrine HCl 200 and 400 µg/mL solutions in PVC bags were physically stable during the entire 60-day study period. Phenylephrine HCl retained > 95% of the original concentration. Conclusion Phenylephrine HCl diluted to 200 or 400 µg/mL with 0.9% sodium chloride for injection is both physically and chemically stable for a period of 60 days with ≤5% degradation when stored at room temperature and exposed to fluorescent lighting.
Impact of Computerized Provider Order Entry on Pharmacist Productivity
Authors: Hatfield Mark D. , Cox Rodney , Mhatre Shivani K. , Flowers W. Perry , Sansgiry Sujit S. 
Published: May 2014

Purpose To examine the impact of computerized provider order entry (CPOE) implementation on average time spent on medication order entry and the number of order actions processed. Methods An observational time and motion study was conducted from March 1 to March 17, 2011. Two similar community hospital pharmacies were compared: one without CPOE implementation and the other with CPOE implementation. Pharmacists in the central pharmacy department of both hospitals were observed in blocks of 1 hour, with 24 hours of observation in each facility. Time spent by pharmacists on distributive, administrative, clinical, and miscellaneous activities associated with order entry were recorded using time and motion instrument documentation. Information on medication order actions and order entry/verifications was obtained using the pharmacy network system. Results The mean ± SD time spent by pharmacists per hour in the CPOE pharmacy was significantly less than the non-CPOE pharmacy for distributive activities (43.37 ± 7.75 vs 48.07 ± 8.61) and significantly greater than the non-CPOE pharmacy for administrative (8.58 ± 5.59 vs 5.72 ± 6.99) and clinical (7.38 ± 4.27 vs 4.22 ± 3.26) activities. The CPOE pharmacy was associated with a significantly higher number of order actions per hour (191.00 ± 82.52 vs 111.63 ± 25.66) and significantly less time spent (in minutes per hour) on order entry and order verification combined (28.30 ± 9.25 vs 36.56 ± 9.14) than the non-CPOE pharmacy. Conclusion The implementation of CPOE facilitated pharmacists to allocate more time to clinical and administrative functions and increased the number of order actions processed per hour, thus enhancing workflow efficiency and productivity of the pharmacy department.
Molecular Profiling of Appendiceal Epithelial Tumors Using Massively Parallel Sequencing to Identify Somatic Mutations
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Mody Kabir , de Abreu Francine B , Pipas J Marc , Peterson Jason D , Gallagher Torrey L , Suriawinata Arief A , Ripple Gregory H , Hourdequin Kathryn C , Smith Kerrington D , Barth Richard J , Colacchio Thomas A , Tsapakos Michael J , Zaki Bassem I , Gardner Timothy B , Gordon Stuart R , Amos Christopher I , Wells Wendy A , Tsongalis Gregory J 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Some epithelial neoplasms of the appendix, including low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm and adenocarcinoma, can result in pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). Little is known about the mutational spectra of these tumor types and whether mutations may be of clinical significance with respect to therapeutic selection. In this study, we identified somatic mutations using the Ion Torrent AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2.

METHODS
Specimens consisted of 3 nonneoplastic retention cysts/mucocele, 15 low-grade mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs), 8 low-grade/well-differentiated mucinous adenocarcinomas with pseudomyxoma peritonei, and 12 adenocarcinomas with/without goblet cell/signet ring cell features. Barcoded libraries were prepared from up to 10 ng of extracted DNA and multiplexed on single 318 chips for sequencing. Data analysis was performed using Golden Helix SVS. Variants that remained after the analysis pipeline were individually interrogated using the Integrative Genomics Viewer.

RESULTS
A single Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) mutation was detected in the mucocele group. Eight mutations were identified in the V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and GNAS complex locus (GNAS) genes among LAMN samples. Additional gene mutations were identified in the AKT1 (v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1), APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), JAK3, MET (met proto-oncogene), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PIK3CA), RB1 (retinoblastoma 1), STK11 (serine/threonine kinase 11), and tumor protein p53 (TP53) genes. Among the PMPs, 6 mutations were detected in the KRAS gene and also in the GNAS, TP53, and RB1 genes. Appendiceal cancers showed mutations in the APC, ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), KRAS, IDH1 [isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+)], NRAS [neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog], PIK3CA, SMAD4 (SMAD family member 4), and TP53 genes.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest molecular heterogeneity among epithelial tumors of the appendix. Next generation sequencing efforts have identified mutational spectra in several subtypes of these tumors that may suggest a phenotypic heterogeneity showing mutations that are relevant for targeted therapies.
Diversity of contexts, unity of purposes: Preparing for successful school achievement by those children and youngsters in Europe from migrant backgrounds
Authors: Essomba Miquel Àngel 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The EU needs to address specific measures on children and youngsters with a migrant background in order to achieve the EU 2020 strategy goals on education. These pupils still perform worse than their native peers at school, and their underachievement represents an important obstacle to reach the global challenges. To do so, it is crucial to focus strategic action based on policy implementation and reframe the current status of educational systems into a community, systemic and inclusive approach.
The abstract citizen – Minority youths qualifying for citizenship
Authors: Grannäs Jan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This article focuses on the Swedish school’s democratic mission to foster active democratic citizens in relation to fundamental human rights, the National Education Act and the National Curriculum for the compulsory school system. This is done by showing the tension contained in policy documents and giving examples of how this is played out in the everyday practices of schooling. The overall democratic mission for the Swedish school system – to prepare the younger generation for Swedish citizenship – takes place within the nation state and therefore carries with it historical and cultural norms, values and laws that in certain ways become relevant to various minority groups in the country. In this article, the notion of the abstract citizen is used to elaborate on the imaginary of the nation and its ideal citizens. The empirical material consists of two case studies, both of which are situated in the same Swedish town and have been chosen in order to achieve socio-economic variation. A mixed-method approach has been applied to the study. The results show the complexities that result from the tension that exists in the policy documents with respect to the school’s responsibility to prepare the younger generation for an active, democratic citizenship characterized by virtues such as democratic, pluralistic and tolerant. An important feature is the school staff’s professional judgement, i.e. an awareness of the grounds on which students are treated and which opportunities exist for individuals to differ from the majority of the population. Such situations of response and processes of socializing and disciplining create practices of inclusion and exclusion. In democratic terms, the notion of the abstract citizen must be constantly negotiated and renegotiated in the policy implementation and enactment in the everyday practice of schooling.
Book Reviews
Authors: Davies Ian , Bickmore Kathy , Gill Judith , Leighton Ralph 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty, Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson (2012) London: Profile Books, 320 pp., ISBN: 9781846684296, h/bk, £25
Gendered Citizenships Transnational Perspectives on Knowledge Production, Political Activism, and Culture, Kia L. Caldwell, Kathleen Coll, Tracy Fisher, Reyna K. Ramirez and LokSiu (eds) (2009) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 225 pp., ISBN: 9780230619852, h/bk, $95.00
Challenges and Inequalities in Lifelong Learning and Social Justice, Susan Jackson (ed.) (2013) Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 138 pp., ISBN: 9780415837712, h/bk, $145.00
Using Critical Research for Educational and Social Change, Tricia M. Kress (ed.) (2013) Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 257 pp., ISBN: 9780415839792, h/bk, $145.00
What do we mean by school dropout? Early School Leaving and the shifting of paradigms in school dropout measurement
Authors: Estêvão Pedro , Álvares Maria 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The audit, evaluation and regulation of education systems is becoming the rule in Europe, strongly increasing demand for data production and even considered by some as a major policy-development in itself. Data production and its use produce changes in the governing of the education and training systems throughout Europe, contributing to the Europeanization of the national educational systems and to the empowerment of some international organizations, like the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In the moment that European and global goals around quantified goals related to education are being drawn, there are some warnings regarding excessive focus on measurable results and thus the risk of losing sight of what is truly important in education and promotion of educational success. Early School Leaving (ESL) is the indicator used by Eurostat to measure school dropout and by the European Union to establish targets for education policies. It is an indicator that holds as reference the schooling-level certification and, as such, a measure of school achievement based on a comprehensive perspective of educational/training activities, including informal and non-formal learning.
Pediatric Medical Complexity Algorithm: A New Method to Stratify Children by Medical Complexity
Authors: Simon Tamara D. , Cawthon Mary Lawrence , Stanford Susan , Popalisky Jean , Lyons Dorothy , Woodcox Peter , Hood Margaret , Chen Alex Y. , Mangione-Smith Rita 
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVES:
The goal of this study was to develop an algorithm based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), codes for classifying children with chronic disease (CD) according to level of medical complexity and to assess the algorithm’s sensitivity and specificity.

METHODS:
A retrospective observational study was conducted among 700 children insured by Washington State Medicaid with ≥1 Seattle Children’s Hospital emergency department and/or inpatient encounter in 2010. The gold standard population included 350 children with complex chronic disease (C-CD), 100 with noncomplex chronic disease (NC-CD), and 250 without CD. An existing ICD-9-CM–based algorithm called the Chronic Disability Payment System was modified to develop a new algorithm called the Pediatric Medical Complexity Algorithm (PMCA). The sensitivity and specificity of PMCA were assessed.

RESULTS:
Using hospital discharge data, PMCA’s sensitivity for correctly classifying children was 84% for C-CD, 41% for NC-CD, and 96% for those without CD. Using Medicaid claims data, PMCA’s sensitivity was 89% for C-CD, 45% for NC-CD, and 80% for those without CD. Specificity was 90% to 92% in hospital discharge data and 85% to 91% in Medicaid claims data for all 3 groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
PMCA identified children with C-CD (who have accessed tertiary hospital care) with good sensitivity and good to excellent specificity when applied to hospital discharge or Medicaid claims data. PMCA may be useful for targeting resources such as care coordination to children with C-CD.