bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identity and stammering: negotiating hesitation, side‐stepping repetition, and sometimes avoiding deviation
Authors: Butler Clare 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIndividuals who experience speech dysfluency are often stigmatised because their speech acts differ from the communicative norm. This article is located in and seeks to further the identity debates in exploring how individuals who are subject to the intermittent emergence of a stigmatised characteristic manage this randomised personal discrediting in their identity work. Through a series of focus groups and semi‐structured interviews participants grudgingly report their management approaches which include concealing, drafting in unwitting others, role‐playing and segregating self from their stammer. In describing how they manage their stammer they detail their use of the social space in a number of ways, including as a hiding place; a site for ‘it’ (the stammer); a gap in which to switch words; and a different area in which to perform. This study offers important insights, increasing our understanding of the often hidden negotiations of identity work and the sometime ingenious use of space in the management of a social stigma.
Serum Phosphate and Calcium Should Be Primarily and Consistently Controlled in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Taniguchi Masatomo , Fukagawa Masafumi , Fujii Naohiko , Hamano Takayuki , Shoji Tetsuo , Yokoyama Keitaro , Nakai Shigeru , Shigematsu Takashi , Iseki Kunitoshi , Tsubakihara Yoshiharu ,   Committee of Renal Data Registry of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy
Published: April 2013

AbstractMineral metabolism affects mortality in hemodialysis patients and is identified by imbalances in serum phosphate (P), calcium (Ca), and parathyroid hormone (PTH). We examined associations between annual mineral values (P,Ca,PTH) and mortality in a 3‐year cohort (Dec 2006–2009) of 128 125 hemodialysis patients using three models, that is, baseline, time‐dependent and time‐averageCox models. We also examined associations between achieved Japanese guideline targets (P: 3.5−6.0 mg/dL, correctedCa 8.4−10.0 mg/dL, intactPTH60−180 mg/dL) and all‐cause survival to elucidate which parameter should be controlled as a priority. High and low serumP(>6.0 or ≤3.5 mg/dL), highCa(>9.5 mg/dL), higherPTH(>300 pg/mL) and lowerPTH(≤60 pg/mL) were significantly associated with high mortality in all three models (P < 0.01). When we examined the association between combination of mineral targets and mortality, patients who achieved all targets simultaneously (20% of subjects, reference) showed lowest mortality. Those who achieved bothPandCatargets showed the same mortality as the reference group. Those who only metPtarget had a lower risk of death (hazard ratio = 1.17) compared to those that achievedCaorPTHtarget (1.41, 1.47, respectively). As time of achievingPandCatargets increased, all‐cause mortalities diminished incrementally, significantly. Mineral metabolism disorder would lead to high mortality in prevalent hemodialysis patients. Among mineral values,Pwould be the strongest predictor for high mortality. Consistent achievement ofPandCatargets would lead to good survival.
Comparison between Supercritical CO2 Extraction and Hydrodistillation for Two Species of Eucalyptus: Yield, Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Herzi Najia , Bouajila Jalloul , Camy Séverine , Cazaux Sylvie , Romdhane Mehrez , Condoret Jean Stéphane 
Published: April 2013

Abstract In this work, 2 Eucalyptus species extracts (Eucalyptus cinerea and Eucalyptus camaldulensis) were prepared by hydrodistillation (HD) and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE) techniques. The best yields of E. cinerea and E. camaldulensis (27.5 and 8.8 g/kg, respectively) were obtained using SCE at 90 bar, 40 °C compared to HD (23 and 6.2 g/kg, respectively). Extracts were quantified by gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection and identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. 1,8‐cineole and p‐menth‐1‐en‐8‐ol were the major compounds of E. cinerea essential oil obtained by HD (64.89% and 8.15%, respectively) or by SCE (16.1% and 31.87%, respectively). Whereas, in case of E. camaldulensis, 1,8‐cineole (45.71%) and p‐cymene (17.14%) were the major compounds obtained by HD, and 8,14‐cedranoxide (43.79%) and elemol (6.3%) by SCE. Their antioxidant activity was assessed using 2 methods: 2,2‐azino‐di‐3‐ethylbenzothialozine‐sulphonic acid radical cation (ABTS•+) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•). In the SCE extracts from both E. cinerea and E. camaldulensis, a promising radical scavenging activity was observed with ABTS•+, (65 and 128 mg/L, respectively). The total phenolics composition of the extracts was measured and the range was 2 to 60 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g dry plant material. The SCE method was superior to HD, regarding shorter extraction times (30 min for SCE compared with 4 h for HD), a low environmental impact, allows production of nondegraded compounds and being part of green chemistry.
Effect of Sequestering Intrinsic Iron on the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Signals in Powdered Soy Proteins
Authors: Boatright William L. , Jahan M. Shah 
Published: April 2013

Abstract This investigation examined iron in powdered soy protein products using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and the effect that selectively binding free iron in isolated soy protein (ISP) had on the occurrence of metastable radicals in powdered soy proteins. EPR analyses of soybean defatted flour, commercial ISP and laboratory ISP samples revealed a peak at g = 4.3 characteristic of high‐spin ferric iron in a rhombic‐coordinated environment. Commercial ISP samples examined contained higher levels of the rhombic ferric iron than laboratory‐prepared ISP samples. During the first 6 wk of storage the primary singlet EPR signal at g = 2.0049 in the commercial ISP samples approximately doubled, and the laboratory prepared samples increased by about 9‐fold. The EPR signal was initially about 4‐times higher in the freshly prepared commercial samples compared to the corresponding laboratory ISP. Laboratory ISP samples prepared with added deferoxamine to sequester endogenous iron exhibited a large increase in the high‐spin ferric iron EPR signal at g = 4.3. ISP treated with deferoxamine also exhibited a multiple‐line EPR signal at about g = 2.007, instead of the typical singlet signal at g = 2.0049. The power at which the signal amplitude was half‐saturated also changed from about 1 mW in the control ISP to about 20 mW in the deferoxamine treated ISP. The multiple‐line EPR spectrum from the ISP treated with deferoxamine increased during storage over a 6‐wk period by about 6‐fold. The observed changes in EPR line‐shape, g‐value, and power saturation with the deferoxamine treatment indicate that the primary free‐radical signal in powdered ISP samples may be from stabilized tyrosine radicals with spin densities distributed over the aromatic ring.
Current role of short‐term intensive insulin strategies in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (短期胰岛素强化治疗策略对初诊2型糖尿病患者的作用)
Authors: Xu Wen , Weng Jianping 
Published: April 2013

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease characterized by worsening insulin resistance and a decline in β‐cell function. Achieving good glycemic control becomes more challenging as β‐cell function continues to deteriorate throughout the disease process. The traditional management paradigm emphasizes a stepwise approach, and insulin has generally been reserved as a final armament. However, mounting evidence indicates that short‐term intensive insulin therapy used in the early stages of type 2 diabetes could improve β‐cell function, resulting in better glucose control and more extended glycemic remission than oral antidiabetic agents. Improvements in insulin sensitivity and lipid profile were also seen after the early initiation of short‐term intensive insulin therapy. Thus, administering short‐term intensive insulin therapy to patients with newly diagnosed T2DM has the potential to delay the natural process of this disease, and should be considered when clinicians initiate treatment. Although the early use of insulin is advocated by some guidelines, the optimal time to initiate insulin therapy is not clearly defined or easily recognized, and a pragmatic approach is lacking. Herein we summarize the current understanding of early intensive insulin therapy in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, focusing on its clinical benefit and problems, as well as possible biological mechanisms of action, and discuss our perspective.
Spherical k‐means clustering is good for interpreting multivariate species occurrence data
Authors: Hill Mark. O. , Harrower Colin A. , Preston Christopher D. 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Clustering multivariate species data can be an effective way of showing groups of species or samples with similar characteristics. Most current techniques classify the samples first and then the species. A disadvantage of classifying the samples first is that relatively subtle differences between occurrence profiles of species can be obscured.

The k‐means method of clustering minimizes the sum of squared distances between cluster centres and cluster members. If the entities to be clustered are projected on the unit sphere, then a natural measure of dispersion is the sum of squared chord distances separating the entities from their cluster centres; k‐means clustering with this measure of dispersion is called spherical k‐means (SKM). We also consider a variant in which the sum of squared perpendicular distances to a central ray is minimized.

Unweighted SKM is liable to produce clusters of very rare species. This feature can be avoided if each point on the unit sphere is weighted by the length of the ray that produced it. The standard SKM algorithm converges to very numerous local optima. To avoid this problem, we have developed a computationally intensive algorithm that uses multiple randomizations to select high‐quality seed species.

The species clustering can be used to define simplified attributes for the samples. If the samples are then classified using the same technique, the resulting matrix of clustered species and clustered samples provides a biclustering of the data. The strength of the relationship between clusters can be measured by their mutual information, which is effectively the entropy of the biclustering.

The technique was tested on five ecological and biogeographical datasets ranging in size from 30 species in 20 samples to 1405 species in 3857 samples. Several variants of SKM were compared, together with results from the established program Twinspan. When judged by entropy, SKM always performed adequately and produced the best clustering in all datasets but the smallest.
TORC1 signaling inhibition by rapamycin and caffeine affect lifespan, global gene expression, and cell proliferation of fission yeast
Authors: Rallis Charalampos , Codlin Sandra , Bähler Jürg 
Published: April 2013

SummaryTarget of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is implicated in growth control and aging from yeast to humans. Fission yeast is emerging as a popular model organism to study TOR signaling, although rapamycin has been thought to not affect cell growth in this organism. Here, we analyzed the effects of rapamycin and caffeine, singly and combined, on multiple cellular processes in fission yeast. The two drugs led to diverse and specific phenotypes that depended on TORC1 inhibition, including prolonged chronological lifespan, inhibition of global translation, inhibition of cell growth and division, and reprograming of global gene expression mimicking nitrogen starvation. Rapamycin and caffeine differentially affected these various TORC1‐dependent processes. Combined drug treatment augmented most phenotypes and effectively blocked cell growth. Rapamycin showed a much more subtle effect on global translation than did caffeine, while both drugs were effective in prolonging chronological lifespan. Rapamycin and caffeine did not affect the lifespan via the pH of the growth media. Rapamycin prolonged the lifespan of nongrowing cells only when applied during the growth phase but not when applied after cells had stopped proliferation. The doses of rapamycin and caffeine strongly correlated with growth inhibition and with lifespan extension. This comprehensive analysis will inform future studies into TORC1 function and cellular aging in fission yeast and beyond.
Assessment of trends in predation pressure on insects across temperate forest microhabitats
Authors: Šipoš Jan , Drozdová Michaela , Drozd Pavel 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Experimental tests of whether predation pressure on insects is sometimes restricted to particular forest microhabitats have been carried out only in one or two vegetation periods and described for only a few predators. In the present study, we describe the seasonal dynamics of a wide spectrum of insect predators among forest microhabitats.
We also examine the impact of weather conditions on insect predation, and predict that forest openness would influence the predation trends among forest microhabitats.
The design of our experiments enabled direct measurement of relative predation pressure on bait (larvae of the blowfly Calliphora vicina) pinned onto selected microhabitats (the base, trunk and leaves of trees) within a temperate floodplain forest (Czech Republic).
The most parsimonious generalized additive model showed significant trends in the predation rate among the forest microhabitats. The highest predation rate for bait was at the base of trees and the lowest predation rate was on leaves.
We also observed significant differences in the species structure of predators in various microhabitats. The most common source of predation on trunks was from birds, whereas wasps were the most common predator on leaves and ants were the most common at the base of trees.
Comparison of the EORTC QLQ‐BM22 and the BOMET‐QOL quality of life questionnaires in patients with bone metastases
Authors: Bedard Gillian , Zeng Liang , Poon Michael , Lam Henry , Lauzon Natalie , Chow Edward 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimsBone metastases are a common complication of advanced cancer and often result in a decrease in patients' quality of life. Very few specific modules have been created to accurately assess quality of life in this patient group. The purpose of this study was to compare two questionnaires, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire for patients with bone metastases (EORTC QLQ‐BM22) and the bone metastases quality of life questionnaire (BOMET‐QOL.MethodsA literature search was conducted in Medline, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, Embase and Embase Classic to identify studies that discussed the development, validation and reliability of the (EORTC) QLQ‐BM22 and the BOMET‐QOL. Studies that discussed the development and validity of the questionnaire along with studies using these tools were included.ResultsBoth questionnaires were developed in collaboration with patients and health‐care professionals. The QLQ‐BM22 is over twice the length of the BOMET‐QOL, with 22 questions as compared to 10. The QLQ‐BM22 has four subscales while the BOMET‐QOL has no subscales. The QLQ‐BM22 gives a more in‐depth analysis of symptoms and well‐being and includes issues such as mobility, side effects, complications of treatment and dependency. The BOMET‐QOL is shorter and gives an overall assessment of pain and mobility. Scoring, item format, organization and response options vary between the questionnaires but the recall period for both is the previous week. Both questionnaires have been determined valid and reliable.ConclusionThe QLQ‐BM22 and the BOMET‐QOL are designed specifically for patients with bone metastases and each has strengths and weaknesses. Use of one over the other is ultimately dependent on trial design and investigators' goals.
Minimal important differences in the EORTC QLQ‐C30 in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Bedard Gillian , Zeng Liang , Zhang Liying , Lauzon Natalie , Holden Lori , Tsao May , Danjoux Cyril , Barnes Elizabeth , Sahgal Arjun , Poon Michael , Chow Edward 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimsQuality of life (QOL) is important in patients with advanced cancer. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ‐C30 is a general QOL tool used in cancer patients. Often, with a large enough sample, statistical significance of changecan be reached, however the clinical significance is often unknown. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of change that is meaningful to advanced cancer patients in the EORTC QLQ‐C30.MethodsPatients completed the EORTC QLQ‐C30 at baseline and 1 month post‐radiation to assess changes in their QOL. Minimal important differences (MID) were calculated through anchor and distribution‐based methods for improvement and deterioration. The two anchors of overall health and overall QOL were used to determine meaningful change.ResultsStatistically significant meaningful changes were seen in the use of both anchors. The overall health anchor produced a greater number of scales and symptoms that reached a statistically significant meaningful change. Meaningful change for improvement with these two anchors ranged from 9.1 units (cognitive functioning) to 23.5 units (pain), and for deterioration it ranged from 7.2 units (physical functioning) to 13.5 units (role functioning). Distribution‐based estimates were closest to 0.5 SD.ConclusionKnowledge of meaningful change on the EORTC QLQ‐C30 allows physicians to assess patients' changes over time, along with evaluating the impact of treatment on a patient's QOL. This knowledge gives insight into whether the treatment is effective and, ultimately, whether it should be continued. Knowledge of MID may assist in the determination of sample size for future trials.
Urbanisation and Financialisation in the Context of a Rescaling State: The Case of Spain
Authors: Coq‐Huelva Daniel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe secondary circuit is a central element in the processes of capital accumulation, and its relevance has become more acute in recent years as urban planning, housing, and real estate have become privileged arenas of the territoriality “variegated” processes of neoliberalisation. This paper explores three theoretical concepts, all closely associated with neoliberalisation: the rescaling of the state, urban entrepreneurialism and financialisation. The paper uses these three theoretical concepts to explain, on the one hand, the increasing relevance of housing and real estate and, on the other hand, their connection with two of the major manifestations of the current financial crisis: excessive private indebtedness and the credit crunch. Analysing the Spanish case is particularly revealing because of the intensity of construction work until 2007, the severity of the subsequent economic crisis, and the wide range of agents involved in the growth of a neoliberalised and financialised secondary circuit of capital in Spain.
Meta‐analysis: the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Yuhara H. , Steinmaus C. , Corley D. , Koike J. , Igarashi M. , Suzuki T. , Mine T. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a systemic disorder that predominantly affects the bowels but is also associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE).AimTo provide a quantitative assessment of the association of IBD with venous thromboembolism risk and to explore the possible sources of heterogeneity in the current literature, a meta‐analysis of case–control and cohort studies was conducted.MethodsStudies were identified by a literature search of the PubMed and Scopus databases (from inception inclusive 31 December 2012) for English language studies. Summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with fixed‐ and random‐effects models. Several subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential study heterogeneity and bias.ResultsEleven studies met our inclusion criteria. The summary RR for deep venous thromboembolism (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) comparing subjects both with and without IBD was 2.20 (95% CI 1.83–2.65). After adjusting for obesity and smoking, summary relative risks near 2.0 were seen for venous thromboembolism in both UC and CD patients.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis showed that inflammatory bowel disease is associated with an approximately two‐fold increase in the risk of venous thromboembolism.
Edges, exotics and deer: the seed bank of a suburban secondary successional temperate deciduous forest
Authors: Beauchamp Vanessa B. , Ghuznavi Nureen , Koontz Stephanie M. , Roberts Roland P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractQuestions(1) What is the utility of the soil seed bank in passive restoration of a suburban secondary successional temperate deciduous forest? (2) What is the composition and structure of the seed bank? (3) How abundant are woody and exotic species and how are they distributed in the seed bank? (4) Are edge effects evident in seed bank composition? (5) What is the influence of a suite of abiotic and biotic variables, including deer browse, on seed bank richness and abundance?LocationA 413‐ha suburban forest near Baltimore, Maryland, USA.MethodsWe sampled the seed bank and vegetation of 100 permanent plots in a Liriodendron–Fagus–Acer–Quercus dominated secondary successional forest. Information on soil chemistry, canopy cover, leaf litter cover and depth, deer browse severity and distance to the nearest urban edge and path was also collected for each plot. Seedling emergence was monitored in a greenhouse over 2 yr.ResultsA total of 76 species emerged from the seed bank, including 16 woody species and 22 exotic species. Compositional similarity between the seed bank and vegetation was low. Woody species were under‐represented and exotic species were over‐represented, with exotic species found in the seed bank of 94 of 100 plots. Species composition and exotic species richness and abundance were similar between edge or path and interior plots. Leaf litter cover, vegetation cover, browse severity and variables related to soil fertility were included in top models explaining patterns in seed bank richness and abundance.ConclusionsReliance on the soil seed bank as a passive restoration strategy will be insufficient for restoring a mature secondary successional suburban forest community. However, a suite of shade‐tolerant exotic shrubs and vines that are of concern to management do not appear to use the seed bank, indicating that targeted removal of these species may be successful. Increased deer browse was associated with decreased seed bank abundance and richness, suggesting that deer may directly reduce inputs to the seed bank. If deer are impacting seed bank composition, active restoration will need to include understorey herbs in addition to overstorey species.