bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IPMA Delta and IPMA Organisational Competence Baseline (OCB)
Authors: D. Bushuyev Sergey , Friedrich Wagner Reinhard 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the concepts of two new approaches offered by IPMA through its internationally widespread member associations: IPMA Delta® for assessing and developing project management maturity and the IPMA Organisational Competence Baseline (OCB), acting as reference model for IPMA Delta. In addition to this description, a case study reveals insights in the usage of IPMA Delta and the benefits realized through such a holistic assessment of project management maturity.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper takes the form of a conceptual paper and a case study.

Findings
– IPMA Delta is a holistic assessment of the organisational competence in managing projects. Three modules are used to assess the competence of selected individuals, the application of project management in selected projects and the organisation's approach of managing projects. Through the assessment, an organisation gets insights in regard to the current maturity and the Delta to a desired target state. Recommendations drive the continuous development of organisational competences in managing projects, which is shown in the case of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. This case study also reveals insights in the benefits realized through such a holistic maturity assessment.

Originality/value
– This conceptual paper builds on organisational competence in managing projects, a new concept in the world of maturity models offering a holistic view beyond processes.
Enabling educational leaders: qualitatively surveying an organization's culture
Authors: Giles David , Yates Russell 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– This article aims to consider the construction and use of a qualitative survey in opening relational aspects of the organisational culture within an educational institution. Rather than a numeric set of metrics, the researcher's intent was to use a survey as a vehicle for thematic and hermeneutic constructions of the data that might show emergent themes that are ontological in nature. The open-ended questions in this survey were constructed in four sections: general practice and comparison, history, relational experiences, and leadership practices.Design/methodology/approach– The context for this research was a department within a faculty of education. In addition to the process of collecting and analysing the survey data, the chairperson of the department was interviewed in terms of the quality of the data and the usefulness of the data. The quality of the data was considered in terms of the insights that might be gained from the participants' data.Findings– The findings of the qualitative survey showed the relational nature of the department in terms of the collegiality and reciprocity of care between those in leadership and amongst the staff in general. While staff referred to the strengths of the relational culture, the growth in student numbers and staff leave staff wondering about the sustainability of a rich collegial culture. In addition, the chairperson appreciated understandings from the participants in terms of the future growth and culture of the department.Originality/value– All too often, educational leaders are busy with data associated with the future directions of an educational enterprise. Educational leaders can make assumptions from their interactions with staff in the busyness of leadership and management tasks. This survey has opened themes that were new to the chairperson, or validated some of their hunches and assumptions. The success of the experience, findings and learning on the part of the educational leader has led to the trialling of this organisational tool in the context of an elementary primary school.
Opportunism risk in service triads – a social capital perspective
Authors: Hartmann Evi , Herb Stefan 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The authors aim to conceptually show how social capital between service buyer and partner firm in a service triad impacts the service buyer's opportunism risk regarding the service provider's behavior.Design/methodology/approach– The authors draw on social capital theory to conceptually derive propositions on the role of social capital with regard to the antecedents of opportunism in service triads.Findings– Based on literature, the authors show how social capital between service buyer and partner firm decreases the service buyer's opportunism risk regarding the provider's behavior. Structural capital enhances information flows, thus reducing ambiguity. Relational capital reduces ambiguity as well as the service buyer' dependence. Cognitive capital enhances the mitigating effect of relational norms.Research limitations/implications– The authors extend the conceptual perspective on social capital and opportunism risk to triadic environments. Besides empirical validation, a resulting research program could follow three avenues: interdependencies between other relationships in service triads, the impact of social capital on effects other than opportunism as well as the role of relationships between individual boundary-spanners.Practical implications– When deciding upon service outsourcing in triads, service buyers should assess their resulting opportunism risk, considering not only the service provider but also their relationship to the partner firm.Originality/value– The propositions entail a shift from a dyadic to a triadic perspective. Analyzing the established dyadic concepts of social capital and opportunism in a triadic environment, the authors contribute to theory on triads as the simplest building blocks of networks.
Information sharing in supply chains, myth or reality? A critical analysis of empirical literature
Authors: Kembro Joakim , Näslund Dag 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate what empirical evidence exists regarding benefits of information sharing in supply chains, and to identify potential gaps and opportunities in this research area.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors conducted an in-depth, systematic literature review and multilevel analysis of 82 selected articles. In the analysis, the authors investigated: whether the articles applied the supply chain as the unit of analysis; the selected research method; whether the articles applied the supply chain as the unit of data collection (i.e. collected data from three or more different companies); and finally, aspects of information sharing – including benefits.

Findings
– Despite anecdotal descriptions of benefits from information sharing in supply chains, the authors could not find empirical evidence to support these claims. Rather, the main body of literature reports on a focal company's perspective on traditional buyer-supplier relationships.

Research limitations/implications
– Given the lack of evidence for the claimed benefits of information sharing on a supply chain level, more research is needed in this field. The authors therefore propose an agenda for future research building on four key points.

Originality/value
– Contrary to popular belief, empirical evidence for benefits of information sharing in supply chains does not seem to exist. This article highlights an issue previously not addressed with a systematic in-depth review and analysis of empirical articles.
Grease thixotropy: evaluation of grease microstructure change due to shear and relaxation
Authors: Paszkowski Maciej , Olsztyńska-Janus Sylwia 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The thixotropy of lubricating grease thickened with lithium 12-hydroxystearate with mineral base oil was investigated. The thixotropy has a significant influence on the flow resistance and pressure drop in the structural components of lubrication systems, which is of major importance as today the latter are being centralized and automated. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Rheometer studies on thixotropy were carried out and the grease microstructure was visualized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to study the physicochemical interactions which indicate the disintegration and recovery of the grease microstructure.

Findings
– A qualitative assessment of the physicochemical interactions between lithium soap floccules was made and a theory of the self-ordering effect of lithium 12-hydroxystearate associated molecules during shearing and their aggregation and flocculation during relaxation has been proposed.

Originality/value
– Because of the complexity of the disintegration and recovery of the lubricating grease thickener microstructure, there is still limited physical understanding of the mechanism of this process. Therefore, the present research was undertaken to identify the phenomena involved.
Thermohydrostatic rheological analysis of constant flow valve compensated multiple hole-entry hybrid journal bearings
Authors: Garg H.C. , Kumar Vijay 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The changing technological scenario necessitated hybrid journal bearings to operate under severe conditions of heavy load and high speed resulting into temperature rise of the lubricant fluid-film and bearing surface. To predict the performance of a bearing realistically, theoretical model must consider the combined influence of the rise of temperature and non-Newtonian behavior of the lubricant. The aim of the present paper is to study the effect of viscosity variation due to temperature rise and non-Newtonian behavior of the lubricant on performance of constant flow valve compensated multiple hole-entry hybrid journal bearings.

Design/methodology/approach
– Finite element method has been used to solve Reynolds equation along with restrictor flow equation, 3D energy equation and 3D conduction equation using suitable iterative technique. The non-Newtonian lubricant has been assumed to follow cubic shear stress law.

Findings
– The thermohydrostatic rheological performances of symmetric and asymmetric hole-entry hybrid journal bearing configurations are studied. The computed results illustrate that variation of viscosity due to rise in temperature and non-Newtonian behavior of the lubricant affects the performance of hole-entry hybrid journal bearing system quite significantly.

Originality/value
– In the present work, the influences of the viscosity variation due to temperature rise and non-Newtonian behavior of the lubricant on the performance characteristics of non-recessed hole-entry hybrid journal bearing with symmetric and asymmetric configurations compensated with constant flow valve restrictors have been investigated for generating the design data to be used by bearing designer. The design data computed in the present thesis are a contribution in field of knowledge of bearing design.
Performance comparison of circular, two-lobe and elliptical journal bearings based on TEHD analysis
Authors: Huang Bin , Wang Le-qin , Guo Jia 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the different performance of circular, two-lobe and elliptical journal bearings by TEHD analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
– A complete 3D TEHD model of journal bearings is set up and applied to the lubricant performance calculation of the conventional circular, two-lobe and elliptical journal bearings. The finite difference method is employed to solve the THD model, and the thermo-elasto deformations on the pad are obtained by the finite element software ANSYS11.0. The data transfer between the THD model and ANSYS11.0 is carried out automatically by Interface Program.

Findings
– It is found that under the identical geometric parameters and operating condition, the circular journal bearing possesses the greatest magnitude of the maximum oil film pressure, the two-lobe one takes the second place and the elliptical one possesses the smallest magnitude. The thermo-elasto deformations on the pad is the same order of magnitude with the minimum film thickness.

Practical implications
– A complete 3D TEHD model made up of the THD model and ANSYS11.0 can be applied on journal bearings in practice applications.

Originality/value
– This paper set up a complete 3D TEHD model that is in common use for the lubricant performance analysis of circular and non-circular journal bearings.
Inside experience: engagement empathy and prejudice towards prisoners
Authors: Mae Boag Elle , Wilson David 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– Research examining attitudes towards offenders assesses the attitudes of professionals working with offenders, rather than attitudes of those without any experience with offenders. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether prejudice towards offenders would decrease after engagement with incarcerated serious offenders, and whether any improvement would be explained by increased empathic responding.Design/methodology/approach– An experimental field study was conducted. A repeated measures questionnaire assessed empathy and prejudice at two time points: before and after engagement with serious offenders.Findings– As predicted experiencing actual engagement with convicted sex offenders and murderers within a prison environment did increase empathy and decrease prejudice towards ex-offenders.Research limitations/implications– All participants were applied criminology students and (prison visited) is not representative of prisons within HM Prison Service. It could be argued that responding was influenced by previous knowledge of criminal justice and penal systems. Future research should consider examining the impact of engagement on empathy and prejudice with a larger, naïve sample and across different prisons.Originality/value– As the first (to the authors knowledge) to empirically examine attitude change of individuals with no personal experience of offenders this research has value to any person considering how social exclusion may be reduced at a societal level.
Predictors of self-harm in male inmates
Authors: Jane Barton Jennifer , Meade Tanya , Cumming Steven , Samuels Anthony 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the predictors of self-harm in male inmates.Design/methodology/approach– Male inmates with and without a background of self-harm (i.e. suicidal and non-suicidal) were compared across two distal (static and trait) and two proximal (environmental and current/state psychological) domains. The factors from the four domains which may accurately classify self-harm history were also examined.Findings– The two groups were significantly different across the four domains, particularly on psychological characteristics. The self-harm group was associated with childhood trauma, violent offences, institutional misconducts and lower levels of social support significantly more than the non-self-harm group. Being single, childhood abuse, impulsivity, antisocial personality disorder and global psychopathology were the five key predictors that contributed to 87.4 per cent of all cases being correctly classified.Practical implications– The high levels of psychiatric morbidity and childhood trauma in the self-harm group indicated a need for interventions that address emotional and interpersonal difficulties and optimization of adaptive coping skills. Also, interventions may require a focus on the behavioural functions.Originality/value– A novel approach was taken to the grouping of the variables. A comprehensive range of variables, was assessed simultaneously, including some not previously considered indicators, and in an understudied population, Australian male inmates. The lower levels of agreeableness, conscientiousness and generalized anxiety disorder which distinguished the self-harm and non-self-harm group, were newly identified for self-harm.
Forecasting bank credit ratings
Authors: Gogas Periklis , Papadimitriou Theophilos , Agrapetidou Anna 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– This study aims to present an empirical model designed to forecast bank credit ratings using only quantitative and publicly available information from their financial statements. For this reason, the authors use the long-term ratings provided by Fitch in 2012. The sample consists of 92 US banks and publicly available information in annual frequency from their financial statements from 2008 to 2011.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, in the effort to select the most informative regressors from a long list of financial variables and ratios, the authors use stepwise least squares and select several alternative sets of variables. Then, these sets of variables are used in an ordered probit regression setting to forecast the long-term credit ratings.

Findings
– Under this scheme, the forecasting accuracy of the best model reaches 83.70 percent when nine explanatory variables are used.

Originality/value
– The results indicate that bank credit ratings largely rely on historical data making them respond sluggishly and after any financial problems are already known to the public.
Analysis of the impact of improved market trading efficiency on the speculation-hedging relation
Authors: I. Ivanov Stoyu 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– In this study, the author aims to examine the behavior of QQQ options at the time of the QQQ move from AMEX to NASDAQ on December 1, 2004. The author addresses the questions: is there a relation between hedging and speculation, if such a relation exists considering the improvement in market trading efficiency after the QQQ move did the relation between speculative demand for options and hedging demand for options strengthen at the time of the QQQ move, if such a relation exists does hedging activity follow speculative activity.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author uses the fact that deep-out-of-the-money puts are used for hedging, whereas deep-out-of-the-money calls are used for speculation. The author uses spectral analysis on QQQ options in the attempt to answer the research question. The author uses spectral analysis because the data in the study are non-normally distributed which would make parametric testing meaningless.

Findings
– The author finds that indeed the relation between speculative demand and hedging demand for options exists and strengthens after the consolidation of trading on NASDAQ and that hedging follows speculation. The fact that this relation exists is economically meaningful in that this is established for the first time empirically in support of the theoretical models predicting this relation's existence.

Originality/value
– Market participants on both the speculation side of the investment spectrum, such as hedge funds, and hedging side of the investment spectrum, such as mutual funds and money managers, would be interested in this topic and the findings of this paper. The main contribution of this study is in examining the relation between differential demand for options by using the non-parametric tools of spectral analysis. This helps extend the understanding of exchange traded funds' (ETF') option behavior and contributes to this strand of the ETF literature.
A note on the appropriate choice of risk measures in the solvency assessment of insurance companies
Authors: Wagner Joël 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The concept of value at risk is used in the risk-based calculation of solvency capital requirements in the Basel II/III banking regulations and in the planned Solvency II insurance regulation framework planned in the European Union. While this measure controls the ruin probability of a financial institution, the expected policyholder deficit (EPD) and expected shortfall (ES) measures, which are relevant from the customer's perspective as they value the amount of the shortfall, are not controlled at the same time. Hence, if there are variations in or changes to the asset-liability situation, financial companies may still comply with the capital requirement, while the EPD or ES reach unsatisfactory levels. This is a significant drawback to the solvency frameworks. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author has developed a model framework wherein the author evaluates the relevant risk measures using the distribution-free approach of the normal power approximation. This allows the author to derive analytical approximations of the risk measures solely through the use of the first three central moments of the underlying distributions. For the case of a reference insurance company, the author calculates the required capital using the ruin probability and EPD approaches. For this, the author performs sensitivity analyses considering different asset allocations and different liability characteristics.

Findings
– The author concludes that only a simultaneous monitoring of the ruin probability and EPD can lead to satisfactory results guaranteeing a constant level of customer protection. For the reference firm, the author evaluates the relative changes in the capital requirement when applying the EPD approach next to the ruin probability approach. Depending on the development of the assets and liabilities, and in the cases the author illustrates, the reference company would need to provide substantial amounts of additional equity capital.

Originality/value
– A comparative assessment of alternative risk measures is relevant given the debate among regulators, industry representatives and academics about how adequately they are used. The author borrows the approach in parts from the work of Barth. Barth compares the ruin probability and EPD approach when discussing the RBC formulas of the US National Association of Insurance Commissioners introduced in the 1990s. The author reconsiders several of these findings and discusses them in the light of the new regulatory frameworks. More precisely, the author first performs sensitivity analyses for the risk measures using different parameter configurations. Such analyses are relevant since in practice parameter values may differ from estimates used in the model and have a significant impact on the values of the risk measures. Second, the author goes beyond a simple discussion of the outcomes for each risk measure, by deriving the firm conclusion that both the frequency and magnitude of shortfalls need to be controlled.
Vocational students' perspective on professional skills workplace learning
Authors: Metso Sari , Kianto Aino 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to identify factors that influence vocational students' development of professional skills during workplace learning and to examine the effects and relationships of these factors.

Design/methodology/approach
– The results were based on the responses of 285 graduating Finnish vocational students. The confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations were conducted using Lisrel.

Findings
– Motivational factors, including performance orientation and self-efficacy, and organizational factors, including guidance, psychological climate and knowledge acquisition, had a direct and positive impact on the students' development of professional skills. The attitudinal factor measured through work alienation had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between the organizational factors and the development of professional skills. The cognitive factor consisting of prior work experience in the studied field, however, had no effect on skill development

Research limitations/implications
– The study was based on students' self-appraisal of the studied factors. Future research should consider workplace instructors' and vocational teachers' viewpoints regarding students' development of professional skills.

Practical implications
– Managers are encouraged to plan a structured orientation period for students and to help workplace instructors design their work in order to facilitate a successful workplace learning period.

Originality/value
– This study highlights the importance of organizational factors and workplace instructors to students' development of professional skills through work. Furthermore, it provides empirical evidence on the special characteristics of these factors.