bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Pathway Alterations of Prostate Cancer: In Localized and Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yoon Chang Eil , Kang San , Rhew Seung ah , Kwon Hyeok Jae , Shin Dongho , Moon Hyong Woo , Kim Mee Young , Lee Ji Youl 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify genetic mutations in patients with localized prostate cancer and metastatic prostate cancer and analyze the association between these genes and each patient's clinical course.
Materials and Methods: We analyzed 106 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Tissue specimens were obtained from prostate biopsy or surgical excision samples and were analyzed by next-generation sequencing at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital between July 1, 2021, and May 31, 2023. We retrospectively evaluated baseline characteristics, including the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) score, tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging, Gleason score (GS), and the clinical course, as well as additional treatment and biochemical recurrence (BCR).
Results: Of the patients, 65 had localized prostate cancer, and 41 had metastatic prostate cancer. Among baseline characteristics, Significant differences were observed in PSA levels (p = 0.006), T stage distribution (p < 0.001), GS (p < 0.001), and treatment modalities between the two groups. Genetic alterations included single-nucleotide variations (SNVs), copy number variations (CNVs), and structural variations. SNVs in genes like KMT2C, KMT2D, SPOP, and CNVs such as 8p loss and 6q loss were prevalent. Gene fusions like TMPRSS2-ERG and KMT2C-BAGE2 were also observed. Factors such as T stage, GS, and certain genetic mutations were found to be strong predictors in multivariate analysis. Specifically, T stage (p < 0.001), GS (p = 0.048), PIK3CA (p = 0.013), LRP6 (p = 0.012), LRRK2 (p = 0.016), and APOBEC3B deletion (p < 0.001) were confirmed as significant predictors for metastatic prostate cancer while BRCA2 (p < 0.001), BCL6 (p < 0.001), and CHEK2 (p = 0.012) were significant predictors for BCR.
Conclusion: The genetic analysis of prostate cancer revealed that mutations like PIK3CA, LRP6, LRRK2, and BRCA2 were associated with metastasis and BCR. Prognosis can be predicted through genetic analysis.
Damage mechanism of dissolved manganese ions from cathode to silicon anode in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zeng Yingying , Yi Xiuguang , chen haihui , Liu Limin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

It is still unknown how dissolved manganese ions affect the silicon anode's electrochemical performance in the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, the damage mechanism of Mn2+ to silicon electrode in LIBs was studied by adding Mn2+ into electrolyte system to simulate the electrochemical environment.Through the comparison between full cell and half cell, the mechanism of the capacity fading of silicon electrode is revealed. In order to compare the amount of SEI growth of silicon anode during cycling, the heat flux of SEi was analyzed by DSC. Experiments shows that Mn2+ could make SEI more fragile, more easily break, and then accelerates the SEI thickening. So Mn2 + could reduce the coulomb efficiency and electrochemical capacity of the silicon-based electrode. The galvanostatic cycle current is 300 mA.g− 1. The half cell's coulomb efficiency exceeds 97%, whereas the whole cell's coulomb efficiency is only 32% after 100 cycles. In addition to the damage of the Mn2+ to silicon anode, the depletion of active lithium ion source in full cell is also an important reason for the rapid decline of electrochemical capacity.
Molecular Phenotyping of Patients with Sepsis and Kidney Injury and Differential Response to Fluid Resuscitation
Authors: Kiernan Elizabeth , Zelnick Leila R. , Khader Ayesha , Coston Taylor D. , Bailey Zoie A. , Speckmaier Sarah , Lo Jordan , Sathe Neha , Kestenbaum Bryan R. , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Johnson Nicholas , Shapiro Nathan , Douglas Ivor S. , Hough Catherine , Bhatraju Pavan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Previous work has identified two AKI sub-phenotypes (SP1 and SP2) characterized by differences in inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Here we identify these sub-phenotypes using biospecimens collected in the emergency department and test for differential response to restrictive versus liberal fluid strategy in sepsis-induced hypotension in the CLOVERS trial.
Methods
We applied a previously validated 3-biomarker model using plasma angiopietin-1 and 2, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 to classify sub-phenotypes in patients with kidney dysfunction (AKI or end-stage kidney disease [ESKD]). We also compared a de novo latent class analysis (LCA) to the 3-biomarker based sub-phenotypes. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to test for differences in outcomes and sub-phenotype by treatment interaction.
Results
Among 1289 patients, 846 had kidney dysfunction on enrollment and the 3-variable prediction model identified 605 as SP1 and 241 as SP2. The optimal LCA model identified two sub-phenotypes with high correlation with the 3-biomarker model (Cohen’s Kappa 0.8). The risk of 28 and 90-day mortality was greater in SP2 relative to SP1 independent of AKI stage and SOFA scores. Patients with SP2, characterized by more severe endothelial injury and inflammation, had a reduction in 28-day mortality with a restrictive fluid strategy versus a liberal fluid strategy (26% vs 41%), while patients with SP1 had no difference in 28-day mortality (10% vs 11%) (p-value-for-interaction = 0.03).
Conclusion
Sub-phenotypes can be identified in the emergency department that respond differently to fluid strategy in sepsis. Identification of these sub-phenotypes could inform a precision-guided therapeutic approach for patients with sepsis-induced hypotension and kidney injury.
Feasibility assessment of real-time surface-guided intrafraction radiotherapy for prostate cancer without body immobilization
Authors: Liu Xiaochao , Li Jia , Gao Hongxiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study will investigate the feasibility of applying OSMS real-time surface guidance during radiotherapy for prostate cancer without body immobilization.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of data from 165 fractions of real-time surface-guided radiotherapy for five prostate cancer patients without body immobilization was conducted. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used before radiotherapy to assess and correct the patients’ setup errors in 6 degrees of freedom (6-DOF). The OSMS gating system was utilized to monitor the real-time 6-DOF position motion average errors during radiotherapy, with corresponding average values recorded. Post-radiotherapy a verification cone-beam computed tomography (VCBCT) of the body position was performed. Paired sample t-tests were conducted on the OSMS average errors and VCBCT average errors to identify discrepancies.
Results
The CBCT setup errors before radiotherapy were: Lateral (1.78 ± 1.15) mm, Longitudinal (3.24 ± 1.37) mm, Vertical (2.72 ± 1.49) mm, Yaw (0.56 ± 0.43)°, Roll (0.31 ± 0.32)°, and Pitch (0.32 ± 0.39)°. During radiotherapy, OSMS monitoring shows that the average error of real-time position motion is: Lateral (0.52 ± 0.53) mm, Longitudinal (0.76 ± 0.49) mm, Vertical (1.02 ± 0.71) mm, Yaw (0.27 ± 0.24)°, Roll (0.31 ± 0.32)°, and Pitch (0.58 ± 0.43)°. Post-radiotherapy, VCBCT average errors were: Lateral (0.56 ± 0.57) mm, Longitudinal (0.82 ± 0.54) mm, Vertical (1.01 ± 0.58) mm, Yaw (0.27 ± 0.19)°, Roll (0.32 ± 0.36)°, and Pitch (0.60 ± 0.45)°. The real-time position motion average errors did not significantly differ from the verification average errors (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
The implementation of OSMS offers a simple and effective method for real-time motion management during radiotherapy for prostate cancer patients without body immobilization.
Analytical approach for short-term pile setup in clay considering destructuration
Authors: liu kang , Chen JinJian , kang Jingwen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This paper presents a novel analytical framework to predict short-term pile setup in natural structure clay, considering the influence of soil destructuration in installation and consolidation. Based on the cavity expansion method, a simulation of pile installation has been conducted, with an analytical solution formulated for cavity expansion under undrained conditions to effectively capture soil destructuration. The flow rate in the unit cell is determined by Darcy's law based on the soil mass volume change, leading to the consolidation equation. which is obtained in a fully analytical form for excess pore pressure dissipation. The utilization of the average compression curve aimed to depict a partially disturbed state, and permeability coefficient linearly distributed radially as a result of the effects of installation. Based on the rewritten effective stress method (\(\beta\) method), which involves the time-dependent factor, the time-dependent pile bearing capacity can be determined, by considering the relaxation and thixotropic effects through introducing parameters. Parametric analyses and discussion on the influence of soil destructuration. Finally, the analytical framework is validated through a comprehensive pile field test conducted at St-Alban. The close alignment between the analytical findings and the empirical data showcases the ability of the proposed framework to reasonably forecast short-term pile behavior.
Identification of novel neuroprotectants against vincristine-induced neurotoxicity in iPSC-derived neurons
Authors: Petrova Veselina , Snavely Andrew R , Splaine Jennifer , Zhen Shannon , Singh Bhagat , Pandey Roshan , Chen Kuchuan , Cheng Anya , Hermawan Crystal , Barrett Lee B , Smith Jennifer A. , Woolf Clifford 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a disabling side effect of cancer chemotherapy that can often limit treatment options for cancer patients or have life-long neurodegenerative consequences that reduce the patient’s quality of life. CIPN is caused by the detrimental actions of various chemotherapeutic agents on peripheral axons. Currently, there are no approved preventative measures or treatment options for CIPN, highlighting the need for the discovery of novel therapeutics and improving our understanding of disease mechanisms. In this study, we utilized human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived motor neurons as a platform to mimic axonal damage after treatment with vincristine, a chemotherapeutic used for the treatment of breast cancers, osteosarcomas, and leukemia. We screened a total of 1902 small molecules for neuroprotective properties in rescuing vincristine-induced axon growth deficits. From our primary screen, we identified 38 hit compounds that were subjected to secondary dose response screens. Six compounds showed favorable pharmacological profiles – AZD7762, A-674563, Blebbistatin, Glesatinib, KW-2449, and Pelitinib, all novel neuroprotectants against vincristine toxicity to neurons. In addition, four of these six compounds also showed efficacy against vincristine-induced growth arrest in human iPSC-derived sensory neurons. In this study, we utilized high-throughput screening of a large library of compounds in a therapeutically relevant assay. We identified several novel compounds that are efficacious in protecting different neuronal subtypes from the toxicity induced by a common chemotherapeutic agent, vincristine which could have therapeutic potential in the clinic.
Peripheral Blood Biomarkers Predicting the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yan Jinshan , Li Xin , Xiao Hong , Xu Lu , Wang Pan , Cai Lutong , Liu Ruotong , Li Heming , Zhao Mingfang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) leads to substantial challenges in cancer treatment owing to its diverse histological and molecular characteristics. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the management of NSCLC. Nevertheless, there exist limitations in utilizing biomarkers, like PD-L1 expression for predicting the efficacy of ICIs, necessitating novel biomarkers.
Methods
We investigated the relationship between peripheral blood T cell subsets, cytokines, and efficacy of ICIs in patients who received ICIs as their first-line treatment for pathologically confirmed locally advanced or metastatic NSCLCs. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to match individuals between the response and non-response groups. Subsequently, peripheral blood T lymphocyte profiles and cytokine subsets were measured using flow cytometry. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for intergroup analysis before, after, and during treatment. Log-rank regression and Cox regression models were used to analyze survival and conduct multivariate analysis, respectively.
Results
Between July 1, 2021, and December 31, 2023, there were 470 patients with clinical stage IIIB to IV NSCLC. After applying the inclusion criteria, a post-propensity score-matching analysis was performed on 102 patients. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 14.30 months. These subsets included activated CD4+ T cells (HLA-DR+)/CD4% (P = 0.0170), memory CD8+ T cells/CD8% (P = 0.0115), activated CD8+ T cells (CD38+)/CD8% (P = 0.0020), and activated CD8+ T cells (HLA-DR+)/CD8% (P < 0.0001). Changes in cytokine levels before and after treatment with ICIs indicated that IL-6 levels showed a downward trend in the responder group. Additionally, our analysis revealed that an increased ratio of activated CD8+ T cells (CD38+)/CD8% (average PFS: 22.207m vs. 15.474m) and a decreased ratio of activated CD8 + T cells (HLA-DR+)/CD8% after treatment (mean PFS: 17.729m vs. 25.662m) are associated with longer PFS. Multivariate analysis unveiled that alterations in the abundance of activated CD8+ T cells were independent prognostic factors for PFS in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Conclusions
This study emphasizes the significance of peripheral blood biomarkers in predicting the efficacy of ICIs in NSCLC. Activated CD8+T cells (CD38+) represent a promising biomarker for response to ICIs, providing insights into personalized treatment strategies. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate findings and improve the outcome of NSCLC.
Patient satisfaction survey in a public hospital: Remera Rukoma District Hospital, Rwanda, 2023
Authors: SEBERA Emile , Celestin HAGENIMANA , TWAGIRUMUKIZA Emile 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: While high patient satisfaction is linked to better healthcare outcomes like lower readmission rates and shorter stays, its direct impact on clinical results is debated. However, gathering patient satisfaction data offers valuable insights for hospitals. It helps identify areas for improvement in patient experience with staff, potentially leading to better clinical outcomes and empowers hospitals to make data-driven decisions for resource allocation. Since Remera Rukoma Hospital (RRH) lacks data on patient satisfaction and specific concerns, therefore, this study aimed to assess patient satisfaction level and identify areas for improvement in service delivery at RRH.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at RRH to assess patient satisfaction. A mixed qualitative and quantitative approach was used, involving surveys and interviews with 164 inpatients and 220 outpatients. Fisher formula was used to get 384 sample. Data collection occurred between September and November 2023. Response for satisfactions was estimated as follow: Very Satisfied, (>70%), Satisfied (=>50-69.9%), Not satisfied (=<49.9%). SPSS Version 25 was used in data analysis.
Result: The findings showed that 43.06% and 56.96 are male and female respectively combining both in and out patients. It was found that 35.9 of out patients are dissatisfied with cashiers’ services, 46.9% among out patient dissatisfied with waiting time at pharmacy. However, 74.4% among inpatient were satisfied with admission process, and 69,5% of inpatient didn’t receive timely feedback on test results. On overall 52.55% of the participant were highly satisfied, 29%satisfied, and 18% were not satisfied.
Conclusion: While Remera Rukoma Hospital received positive feedback overall, key areas need improvement. Communication gaps, lengthy wait times at pharmacy and cashier, medication stock-outs, and discharge delays require immediate attention. Addressing these issues through clearer communication, streamlined processes, better inventory management, and efficient discharge procedures is crucial to enhance patient experience and maintain the hospital's quality reputation.
Consideration for the appropriate use of antimicrobials in long-term care wards
Authors: Funato Michinori , Yasuda Kunihiko 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobials need to be prescribed appropriately and used optimally to minimize the propagation of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Few studies have explored the appropriate use of antimicrobials in long-term care wards for patients with advanced neuromuscular disorders or severe motor and intellectual disabilities. This study aimed to investigate the pathological conditions requiring antimicrobials in long-term care wards based on antimicrobial stewardship guidelines.
Methods
We retrospectively collected data from the electronic medical records of patients with advanced neuromuscular disorders or severe motor and intellectual disabilities who were administered intravenous (IV) medications between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020. We compared the usual medical treatment between January 1, 2018, and June 30, 2019 (usual treatment group) and treatment based on the principles of antimicrobial stewardship between July 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020 (optimal treatment group).
Results
We analyzed data from 65 patients (23 women [35.4%] and 42 men [64.6%]) with a median age of 38 (range, 8–62) years, and a median hospitalization period of 12 years (range, 1 month to 50 years) at the start of the study. A total of 205 IV infusion treatments were administered, 85 (41.5%) in the usual treatment group and 120 (58.5%) in the optimal treatment group, of which 32 (37.2%) and 28 (23.3%) involved antimicrobial treatment, respectively (p = 0.026). A significant difference was observed in the site of infection and the diagnosis of aspiration and respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia (p = 0.004). Moreover, we determined the relevance of peak C-reactive protein (CRP) levels during the treatment.
Conclusion
Evaluating the requirement for antibiotics by combining patient conditions and CRP levels may help to reduce the inappropriate use of antimicrobials in long-term care wards.
Asymmetrical glymphatic dysfunction in patients with Long Covid associated neurocognitive impairment- Correlation with BBB disruption
Authors: Chaganti Joga R , Talekar Tanush K , Brew Bruce James 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Purpose
The glymphatic system, a waste clearance pathway, has been implicated in several neurological conditions associated with neuroinflammation. COVID-19 associated neurocognitive impairment, part of the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is strongly associated with neuroinflammation and disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB). Several studies have implicated a synergistic interaction between the glymphatic system dysfunction and BBB disruption. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the relationship of the diffusion along the perivascular spaces DTI (DTI-ALPS) and increased capillary permeability metric- K trans derived from DCE perfusion in patients with PASC.
Materials and Methods
14 subjects with PASC who had persisting symptoms of anosmia, ageusia, fatigue, and cognitive impairment (CI) and ten healthy age and sex matched controls were recruited. All PASC subjects underwent routine and advanced MR imaging early at two time points, (3 months +/- 2 weeks) referred as Time Point 1 (TP-1) and 10 repeated the MRI scan 12 months (+/- 2 weeks) after referred as Time Point 2 (TP-2), while the controls had MR imaging done only at TP-1. All had elaborate neurocognitive assessment. In the final analysis we included those who had DTI study at both time points (n-10). MR imaging included DCE perfusion and DTI in addition to anatomical imaging.
Statistical analysis
Given the small size of the sample and nonnormality of data in the descriptive analyses, nonparametric analyses were used for group comparisons. A two-sample Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to show the differences in DTI-ALPS between the patients and controls in the predefined ROI. Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rho) was used to assess the correlation between K-trans and DTI-ALPS index.
Results
There was significant reduction in DTI-ALPS index between the patients and controls in the left hemisphere (z=2.04, p < 0.04). However, there was no significant change over time in the index. There was a strong inverse correlation between the central white matter K trans and DTI-ALPS index (rho=0.66, p< 0.03).
Conclusion
Our study suggests that BBB disruption and disordered glymphatic drainage may contribute to neuroaxonal injury in patients with PASC, and DTI-ALPS index could serve as a powerful non-invasive biomarker.
Facile synthesis of copper sulfide loaded mesoporous organosilica nanospheres with a triple-shelled hollow structure
Authors: Shi Xuzhi , Yu Yifeng , Yu Ruifa , Wang Ning , Lu Wei , Han Xiaolin , Sun Tangyao , Li Pengcheng , Su Xiaodan , Teng Zhaogang , Liu Ying 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Herein, copper sulfide loaded mesoporous organosilica nanospheres with a triple-shelled hollow structure (CuS/tHMONs) are successfully synthesized. The resulting CuS/tHMONs nanospheres exhibit a uniform diameter of 340 nm, mesoporous channels with a diameter of 3.8 nm, large pore volume, and triply separated cavities. High-angle annular dark-field scanning electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) images confirm the presence of a high content of CuS nanoparticles within the CuS/tHMONs composite nanospheres. Moreover, the CuS/tHMONs nanospheres demonstrate high photothermal conversion efficiency and excellent photothermal stability. In vitro experiments reveal excellent biocompatibility of the CuS/tHMON nanospheres, and cytotoxic assays demonstrate their effectiveness in killing cancer cells through photothermal therapy.