bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstetric and Neonatal Care Practices for Infants 501 to 1500 g From 2000 to 2009
Authors: Soll Roger F. , Edwards Erika M. , Badger Gary J. , Kenny Michael J. , Morrow Kate A. , Buzas Jeffrey S. , Horbar Jeffrey D. 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To identify changes in clinical practices for infants with birth weights of 501 to 1500 g born from 2000 to 2009.

METHODS:
We used prospectively collected registry data for 355 806 infants born from 2000 to 2009 and cared for at 669 North American hospitals in the Vermont Oxford Network. Main outcome measures included obstetric and neonatal practices, including cesarean delivery, antenatal steroids, delivery room interventions, respiratory practices, neuroimaging, retinal exams, and feeding at discharge.

RESULTS:
Significant changes in many obstetric, delivery room, and neonatal practices occurred from 2000 to 2009. Use of surfactant treatment in the delivery room increased overall (adjusted difference [AD] 17.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 16.4% to 17.6%), as did less-invasive methods of respiratory support, such as nasal continuous positive airway pressure (AD 9.9%; 95% CI 9.1% to 10.6%). Use of any ventilation (AD –7.5%; 95% CI –8.0% to –6.9%) and steroids for chronic lung disease (AD –15.3%; 95% CI –15.8% to –14.8%) decreased significantly overall. Most of the changes in respiratory care were observed within each of 4 birth weight strata (501–750 g, 751–1000 g, 1001–1250 g, 1251–1500 g).

CONCLUSIONS:
Many obstetric and neonatal care practices used in the management of infants 501 to 1500 g changed between 2000 and 2009. In particular, less-invasive approaches to respiratory support increased.
Improving Medical Adherence in Women With Gestational Diabetes Through Self-Efficacy
Authors: Cardwell Michael S. 
Published: July 2013

IN BRIEF
Adherence to the prescribed medical regimen is crucial to preventing complications to mothers and babies in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Self-efficacy, a conviction that one has the ability to reach one's goals, is predictive of adherence. In patients with GDM, for whom self-care is the central component of the medical regimen, self-efficacy is essential if medical adherence is to be achieved.
Dimension Distortion by Sobolev Mappings in Foliated
Metric Spaces
Authors: Balogh Zoltán M. , Tyson Jeremy T. , Wildrick Kevin 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
We quantify the extent to which a supercritical Sobolev mapping
can increase the dimension of subsets of its domain, in
the setting of metric measure spaces supporting a Poincaré
inequality. We show that the set of mappings that distort
the dimensions of sets by the maximum possible amount is
a prevalent subset of the relevant function space. For foliations
of a metric space X defined by a David–Semmes regular
mapping Π : X → W, we quantitatively estimate, in terms of
Hausdorff dimension in W, the size of the set of leaves of the
foliation that are mapped onto sets of higher dimension. We
discuss key examples of such foliations, including foliations
of the Heisenberg group by left and right cosets of horizontal
subgroups.
Single-nucleotide Polymorphism and Haplotypes of TNIP1 Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Chinese Han Population
Authors: Zhang Dong-Mei , Cheng Li-Qing , Zhai Zhi-Fang , Feng Lin , Zhong Bai-Yu , You Yi , Zhang Na , Song Zhi-Qiang , Yang Xi-Chuan , Chen Fang-Ru , Hao Fei 
Published: July 2013

Objective.To determine the association of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the TNIP1 gene and compare the expression of this gene in cases and controls from a Chinese Han population in this replication study.Methods.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to genotype 19 SNP in TNIP1 in Chinese Han patients with SLE (n = 341) and controls (n = 356). Genotypes were analyzed by codominant, dominant, and recessive models. Analysis of allele frequencies and linkage disequilibrium was also performed. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to measure the expression of these genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SLE cases and controls.Results.Seven SNP loci were significantly associated with SLE in our population (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Two TNIP1 gene haplotypes (ATTGCGC and GTCCTAT) were associated with SLE (p = 0.0246 and p = 0.0024, respectively). Western blotting and qRT-PCR results provide evidence that patients with SLE had significantly reduced expression of TNIP1/ABIN-1 relative to controls.Conclusion.Analysis of SNP in the TNIP1 gene and expression of this gene in peripheral blood lymphocytes indicated these SNP were associated with the occurrence of SLE in Han Chinese patients. Future studies should examine the roles of these SNP in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Relationship Between Hip Dysplasia, Pain, and Osteoarthritis in a Cohort of Patients with Hip Symptoms
Authors: Morvan Johanne , Bouttier Ronan , Mazieres Bernard , Verrouil Evelyne , Pouchot Jacques , Rat Anne-Christine , Guellec Dewi , Guillemin Francis , Coste Joel , Saraux Alain ,   The KHOALA Cohort Study Group
Published: July 2013

Objective.The relationship between acetabular dysplasia (HD) and hip osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear, especially for mild forms of dysplasia. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of HD in a population-based sample with symptoms and to evaluate potential associations linking HD, hip OA, and hip pain.Methods.Individuals 40 to 75 years of age with symptoms in 1 or both hips were recruited during a multiregional prevalence survey. All study participants underwent examination and radiographs. Radiographs were evaluated using Kellgren-Lawrence staging (with stages ≥ 2 indicating hip OA) and HD measures [center-edge (CE) angle, acetabular inclination angle (HTE), acetabular depth (AD), and vertical center-anterior margin angle].Results.We studied both hips of 842 individuals (1684 hips), among whom 203 had hip OA. Compared to left hips, right hips had significantly smaller CE angles and significantly greater AD and HTE values (p ≤ 0.001). Overall, the prevalence of HD ranged from 7.6% to 22.2% of the hips depending on the measure used. The prevalence of HD was higher in individuals with hip OA, with significant differences for abnormal HTE (19.1% vs 11.4%; p < 0.0001) and abnormal CE (11.3% vs 7.5%; p = 0.04). By logistic regression, only abnormal HTE remained associated with OA. Same-side hip pain was not statistically more common in individuals with HD after stratification on OA status (p = 0.12).Conclusion.Our study confirms the relationship between OA and HD, particularly as defined based on the HTE angle.
B Cell–Specific Deficiencies in mTOR Limit Humoral Immune Responses
Authors: Zhang Shuling , Pruitt Margaret , Tran Dena , Du Bois Wendy , Zhang Ke , Patel Rushi , Hoover Shelley , Simpson R. Mark , Simmons John , Gary Joy , Snapper Clifford M. , Casellas Rafael , Mock Beverly A. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Generation of high-affinity Abs in response to Ags/infectious agents is essential for developing long-lasting immune responses. B cell maturation and Ab responses to Ag stimulation require Ig somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class-switch recombination (CSR) for high-affinity responses. Upon immunization with either the model Ag 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl hapten (NP) conjugated to chicken γ globulin lysine (NP-CGG) or heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular type 14 protein (Pn14), knock-in (KI) mice hypomorphic for mTOR function had a decreased ability to form germinal centers, develop high-affinity anti-NP–specific or anti-Pn14–specific Abs, and perform SHM/CSR. Hypomorphic mTOR mice also had a high mortality (40%) compared with wild-type (WT) (0%) littermates and had lower pneumococcal surface protein A–specific Ab titers when immunized and challenged with live S. pneumoniae infection. Mice with mTOR deleted in their B cell lineage (knockout [KO]) also produced fewer splenic germinal centers and decreased high-affinity Ab responses to NP-CGG than did their WT littermates. CSR rates were lower in mTOR KI and KO mice, and pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR in WT B cells resulted in decreased rates of ex vivo CSR. RNA and protein levels of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a protein essential for SHM and CSR, were lower in B cells from both KI and B cell–specific KO mice, concomitant with increases in phosphorylated AKT and FOXO1. Rescue experiments increasing AID expression in KI B cells restored CSR levels to those in WT B cells. Thus, mTOR plays an important immunoregulatory role in the germinal center, at least partially through AID signaling, in generating high-affinity Abs.
Serum Amyloid A3 Binds MD-2 To Activate p38 and NF-κB Pathways in a MyD88-Dependent Manner
Authors: Deguchi Atsuko , Tomita Takeshi , Omori Tsutomu , Komatsu Akiko , Ohto Umeharu , Takahashi Satoshi , Tanimura Natsuko , Akashi-Takamura Sachiko , Miyake Kensuke , Maru Yoshiro 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) 3 is a major component of the acute phase of inflammation. We previously reported that SAA3 served as an endogenous peptide ligand for TLR4 to facilitate lung metastasis. Because these experiments were performed with SAA3 recombinant proteins purified from Escherichia coli or mammalian cells, we could not rule out the possibility of LPS contamination. In this study, we used SAA3 synthetic peptides to eliminate the presence of LPS in SAA3. We found that the SAA3 synthetic peptide (aa 20–86) (20–86) stimulated cell migration and activated p38 in a manner dependent on TLR4, MD-2, and MyD88. SAA3 (20–86) also activated NF-κB and Rho small GTPase. Using surface plasmon resonance analysis, the binding constant KD values between SAA3 (20–86) or SAA3 (43–57) and TLR4/MD-2 protein highly purified by the baculovirus system were 2.2 and 30 μM, respectively. FLAG-tagged SAA3 tightly bound to protein A–tagged MD-2, but not to TLR4 in baculovirus coinfection experiments. Although SAA3 (20–86) caused a low, but appreciable level of endocytosis in TLR4, it induced the upregulation of both IL-6 and TNF-α, but not IFN-β1. An i.v. injection of SAA3 (43–57) induced the lung recruitment of CD11b+Gr-1+ cells at an estimated serum concentration around its KD value toward TLR4/MD-2. Taken together, these results suggest that SAA3 directly binds MD-2 and activates the MyD88-dependent TLR4/MD-2 pathway.
microRNA-17–92 Regulates IL-10 Production by Regulatory T Cells and Control of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: de Kouchkovsky Dimitri , Esensten Jonathan H. , Rosenthal Wendy L. , Morar Malika M. , Bluestone Jeffrey A. , Jeker Lukas T. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
microRNAs (miRNA) are essential for regulatory T cell (Treg) function but little is known about the functional relevance of individual miRNA loci. We identified the miR-17–92 cluster as CD28 costimulation dependent, suggesting that it may be key for Treg development and function. Although overall immune homeostasis was maintained in mice with miR-17–92–deficient Tregs, expression of the miR-17–92 miRNA cluster was critical for Treg accumulation and function during an acute organ-specific autoimmune disease in vivo. Treg-specific loss of miR-17–92 expression resulted in exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalitis and failure to establish clinical remission. Using peptide-MHC tetramers, we demonstrate that the miR-17–92 cluster was specifically required for the accumulation of activated Ag-specific Treg and for differentiation into IL-10–producing effector Treg.
Multiplex and Genome-Wide Analyses Reveal Distinctive Properties of KIR+ and CD56+ T Cells in Human Blood
Authors: Chan Wing Keung , Rujkijyanont Piya , Neale Geoffrey , Yang Jie , Bari Rafijul , Das Gupta Neha , Holladay Martha , Rooney Barbara , Leung Wing 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Killer cell Ig–like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells have been linked to a wide spectrum of health conditions such as chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, pregnancy complications, cancers, and transplant failures. A small subset of effector memory T cells also expresses KIRs. In this study, we use modern analytic tools including genome-wide and multiplex molecular, phenotypic, and functional assays to characterize the KIR+ T cells in human blood. We find that KIR+ T cells primarily reside in the CD56+ T population that is distinctively DNAM-1high with a genome-wide quiescent transcriptome, short telomere, and limited TCR excision circles. During CMV reactivation in bone marrow transplant recipients, KIR+CD56+ T cells rapidly expanded in real-time but not KIR+CD56− T cells or KIR+ NK cells. In CMV+ asymptomatic donors, as much as 50% of CD56+ T cells are KIR+, and most are distinguishably KIR2DL2/3+NKG2C+CD57+. Functionally, the KIR+CD56+ T cell subset lyses cancer cells and CMVpp65-pulsed target cells in a dual KIR-dependent and TCR-dependent manner. Analysis of metabolic transcriptome confirms the immunological memory status of KIR+CD56+ T cells in contrast to KIR−CD56+ T cells that are more active in energy metabolism and effector differentiation. KIR–CD56+ T cells have &gt;25-fold higher level of expression of RORC than the KIR+ counterpart and are a previously unknown producer of IL-13 rather than IL-17 in multiplex cytokine arrays. Our data provide fundamental insights into KIR+ T cells biologically and clinically.
CCL19 and CCL28 Augment Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses to HIV-1 gp140 by Mobilizing Responsive Immunocytes into Secondary Lymph Nodes and Mucosal Tissue
Authors: Hu Kai , Luo Sukun , Tong Lina , Huang Xin , Jin Wei , Huang Wenjie , Du Tao , Yan Yan , He Siyi , Griffin George E. , Shattock Robin J. , Hu Qinxue 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Induction of broad and potent neutralizing Abs at the mucosal portals of entry remains a primary goal for most vaccines against mucosally acquired viral infections. Selection of appropriate adjuvants capable of promoting both systemic and mucosal responses will be crucial for the development of effective immunization strategies. In this study, we investigated whether plasmid codelivery of cytokines APRIL, CCL19, or CCL28 can enhance Ag-induced immune responses to HIV-1 gp140. Our results demonstrated that pCCL19 and pCCL28, but not pAPRIL, significantly enhanced Ag-specific systemic and mucosal Ab responses. gp140-specific Abs in serum enhanced by pCCL19 or pCCL28 were broadly distributed across all four IgG subclasses, of which IgG1 was predominant. The enhanced systemic and mucosal Abs showed increased neutralizing activity against both homologous and heterologous HIV-1, and potency correlated with gp140-specific serum IgG and vaginal IgA levels. Measurement of gp140-specific cytokines produced by splenocytes demonstrated that pCCL19 and pCCL28 augmented balanced Th1/Th2 responses. pCCL19 and pCCL28 also increased IgA+ cells in colorectal mucosal tissue. pCCL19 codelivery resulted in an increase of CCR7+ CD11c+ cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and both CCR7+ CD11c+ cells and CCR7+ CD3e+ cells in spleen, whereas pCCL28 codelivery resulted in an augment of CCR10+ CD19+ cells in both spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Together, our data indicate that pCCL19 and pCCL28 can enhance HIV-1 envelope–specific systemic and mucosal Ab responses, as well as T cell responses. Such enhancements appear to be associated with mobilization of responsive immunocytes into secondary lymphoid organs and mucosal tissues through interactions with corresponding receptors.
Inhibition of CD8+ T Cell–Derived CD40 Signals Is Necessary but Not Sufficient for Foxp3+ Induced Regulatory T Cell Generation In Vivo
Authors: Liu Danya , Ferrer Ivana R. , Konomos Michael , Ford Mandy L. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Current models of CD4+ T cell help suggest a major role for CD154 binding to CD40 expressed on dendritic cells, with a lesser role for direct T:T interactions via CD40 expressed on CD8+ T cells. However, the contribution of CD8+ T cell–derived CD40 signals during the donor-reactive T cell response to a transplant has never been studied. In this study, we examined the graft-rejection kinetics and CD4+ and CD8+ donor-reactive T cell responses under conditions in which CD40 was genetically ablated only on APC, as well as under conditions in which CD40 was genetically ablated only on donor-reactive CD8+ T cells. Our results revealed a significant role for CD8+ T cell–expressed CD40 in the augmentation of donor-reactive CD8+ T cell responses following transplantation and showed that CD40 expressed on CD8+ T cells must be inhibited to allow conversion of CD4+ T cells into induced regulatory T cells. Thus, this study identifies a major role for CD8+ T cell–derived CD40 signals as a critical switch factor that both promotes optimal differentiation of cytokine-producing CD8+ effector T cell responses and inhibits the differentiation of Ag-specific Foxp3+ induced regulatory T cells in vivo.
Increased Numbers of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells during Successful Tumor Immunotherapy with Immune-Activating Agents
Authors: Kuhn Sabine , Hyde Evelyn J. , Yang Jianping , Rich Fenella J. , Harper Jacquie L. , Kirman Joanna R. , Ronchese Franca 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Local treatment with selected TLR ligands or bacteria such as bacillus Calmette–Guérin increases antitumor immune responses and delays tumor growth. It is thought that these treatments may act by activating tumor-associated dendritic cells (DCs), thereby supporting the induction of antitumor immune responses. However, common parameters of successful immune activation have not been identified. We used mouse models to compare treatments with different immune-activating agents for the ability to delay tumor growth, improve priming of tumor-specific T cells, and induce early cytokine production and DC activation. Treatment with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid or a combination of monosodium urate crystals and Mycobacterium smegmatis was effective at delaying the growth of s.c. B16 melanomas, orthotopic 4T1 mammary carcinomas, and reducing 4T1 lung metastases. In contrast, LPS, monosodium urate crystals, or M. smegmatis alone had no activity. Effective treatments required both NK1.1+ and CD8+ cells, and resulted in increased T cell priming and the infiltration of NK cells and CD8+ T cells in tumors. Unexpectedly, both effective and ineffective treatments increased DC numbers and the expression of costimulatory molecules in the tumor-draining lymph node. However, only effective treatments induced the rapid appearance of a population of monocyte-derived DCs in the draining lymph node, early release of IL-12p70 and IFN-γ, and low IL-10 in the serum. These results suggest that the activation of existing DC subsets is not sufficient for the induction of antitumor immune responses, whereas early induction of Th1 cytokines and monocyte-derived DCs are features of successful activation of antitumor immunity.
Indications for renal fine needle aspiration biopsy in the era of modern imaging modalities
Authors: Dragoescu Ema A , Liu Lina 
Published: July 2013

Background:
Renal fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has become an uncommon procedure in the era of renal helical computed tomography (CT), which has high diagnostic accuracy in the characterization of renal cortical lesions. This study investigates the current indications for renal FNAB. Having knowledge of the specific clinico-radiologic scenario that led to the FNAB, cytopathologists are better equipped to expand or narrow down their differential diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:
All renal FNABs performed during a 6 year interval were retrieved. Indication for the procedure was determined from the clinical notes and radiology reports.

Results:Forty six renal FNABs were retrieved from 43 patients (14 females and 29 males with a mean age of 52 years [range, 4-81 years]). Twenty one cases (45.6%) were performed under CT-guidance and 25 cases (54.4%) under US-guidance. There were four distinct indications for renal FNAB: (1) solid renal masses with atypical radiological features or poorly characterized on imaging studies due to lack of intravenous contrast or body habitus (30.2%); (2) confirmation of radiologically suspected renal cell carcinoma in inoperable patients (advanced stage disease or poor surgical candidate status) (27.9%); (3) kidney mass in a patient with a prior history of other malignancy (27.9%); and (4) miscellaneous (drainage of abscess, indeterminate cystic lesion, urothelial carcinoma) (14.0%). 36 patients (83.7%) received a specific diagnosis based on renal FNAB cytology.

Conclusions:
Currently, renal fine needle aspiration remains a useful diagnostic tool in selected clinico-radiologic scenarios.
Inviting the Uninvited Guest: Ritual, Festival, Tourism, and the Namahage of Japan
Authors: Foster Michael Dylan 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Namahage is a Japanese New Year’s Eve ritual in which masked demon-deity figures enter private households to chase and frighten children. The first half of this article situates Namahage within the historical and theoretical context of Japanese folkloristics, and discusses strategies employed by the community to adapt the tradition for tourism. The second half further explores the role of tourism, particularly by invoking the notion of the "uninvited guest" and the process by which private ritual transforms into public performance. It is argued that one way to understand heritage tourism is to shift questions of "authenticity" from the object of tourism to the embodied subject of the visitor.
Behind bullying and defending: Same‐sex and other‐sex relations and their associations with acceptance and rejection
Authors: Veenstra René , Verlinden Marina , Huitsing Gijs , Verhulst Frank C. , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRelatively little is known about bullying and defending behaviors of children in early elementary school. However, this period is crucial for children's development as at this age they start to participate in a stable peer group, and difficulties in social interactions can be detected early by professionals. An interactive animated web‐based computer program was used in this study to assess peer relationships among young children. The computerized assessment was conducted among 2,135 children in grades 1–2 from 22 elementary schools to examine the association of bullying, victimization, and defending with being accepted or rejected. Same‐sex and other‐sex peer relations were distinguished using dyadic data. Both boys and girls were more likely to accept same‐sex classmates than other‐sex classmates, and boys were more often nominated than girls as perpetrators of bullying against both boys and girls. It was found that bullies were rejected by those for whom they posed a potential threat, and that defenders were preferred by those classmates for whom they were a potential source of protection. Bullies chose victims who were rejected by significant others, but contrary to expectations, children who bullied boys scored low on peer affection. It is possible that these bullies were not strategic enough to select the “right” targets. Overall, the current findings provide evidence for strategies involved in bullying and defending at early age. Aggr. Behav. 39:462–471, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.