bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varicella‐Zoster Virus Reactivation After Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Single‐Center Experience of Acyclovir Prophylaxis
Authors: Arıcı Galip , Ince Elif , Ince Erdal , Ileri Talia , Ciftci Ergin , Dogu Figen , Ozdemir Halil , Cakmakli Hasan Fatih , Ertem Mehmet 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundVaricella‐zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is the most common infectious complication in the late posthematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) period and is reported as 16%–41%. Acyclovir prophylaxis is recommended for at least 1 year after HSCT to prevent VZV infections. However, studies on the most appropriate prophylaxis are ongoing in pediatric patients.MethodsPatients who underwent allogeneic HSCT between January 1, 1996 and January 1, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed to outline the characteristics of VZV reactivation after allogeneic HSCT in pediatric patients using 6 months acyclovir prophylaxis.ResultsThere were 260 patients and 273 HSCTs. Median age was 10.43 (0.47–18.38), and 56% was male. Median follow‐up was 2325 days (18–7579 days). VZV reactivation occurred in 21.2% (n = 58) at a median of 354 (55–3433) days post‐HSCT. The peak incidence was 6–12 months post‐HSCT (43.1%). Older age at HSCT, female gender, history of varicella infection, lack of varicella vaccination, low lymphocyte, CD4 count, and CD4/CD8 ratio at 9 and 12 months post‐HSCT was found as a significant risk for herpes zoster (HZ) in univariate analysis, whereas history of varicella infection and low CD4/CD8 ratio at 12 months post‐HSCT was an independent risk factor in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsTailoring acyclovir prophylaxis according to pre‐HCT varicella history, posttransplant CD4 T lymphocyte counts and functions, and ongoing immunosuppression may help to reduce HZ‐related morbidity and mortality.
Overview of transcriptome changes and phenomic profile of sanitized artichoke vis‐à‐vis non‐sanitized plants
Authors: Spanò R. , Petrozza A. , Summerer S. , Fortunato S. , de Pinto M. C. , Cellini F. , Mascia T. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Plant tissue in vitro culture is increasingly used in agriculture to improve crop production, nutritional quality, and commercial value. In plant virology, the technique is used as sanitation protocol to produce virus‐free plants. Sanitized (S) artichokes show increased vigour compared to their non‐sanitized (NS) counterparts, because viral infections lead to a decline of growth and development.

To investigate mechanisms that control the complex traits related to morphology, growth, and yield in S artichokes compared to NS plants, RNAseq analysis and phenotyping by imaging were used. The role of peroxidases (POD) was also investigated to understand their involvement in sanitized plant development.

Results showed that virus infection affected regulation of cell cycle, gene expression and signal transduction modulating cellular response to stimulus/stress. Moreover, primary metabolism and photosynthesis were also influenced, contributing to explain the main morphological differences observed between S and NS artichokes. Sanitized artichokes are also characterized by higher POD activity, probably associated with increased plant growth, rather than strengthening of cell walls.

Overall, results show that the differences in development of S artichokes may be derived from the in vitro culture stressor, as well as through pathogen elimination, which, in turn, improve qualitative and quantitative artichoke production.
Morphological diversity of the velamen radicum in the genus Anthurium (Araceae)
Authors: Tay J. Y. L. , Werner J. C. , Zotz G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Epiphytes develop anatomical features to improve efficiency of the uptake of water and nutrients, such as absorptive foliar scales or a velamen radicum. Despite substantial studies on the occurrence, morphology, development and phylogeny of the velamen, most of the available literature is focused on Orchidaceae, making current knowledge on velamen clearly biased. A recent publication firmly established that velamina are common in Anthurium species. Thus, this study provides further insights by describing velamen morphological characteristics of Anthurium species and classifying them into different velamen types. Furthermore, we investigate if the different velamen morphological traits are clade‐specific and phylogenetically conserved within the genus.

Using SEM, we performed a morphological study on 89 Anthurium species, describing six micromorphological traits of velamen and exodermis, following traits used to classify Orchidaceae velamen by Porembski & Barthlott (1988).

We distinguished nine velamen types, including two that are unique to Anthurium and not similar to any type found in Orchidaceae. Comparing velamen morphology within the phylogenetic tree of Anthurium revealed clear phylogenetic signals.

This study provides detailed morphological descriptions among 89 species of Anthurium from the Araceae, and substantially broadens our knowledge of this tissue. However, velamen function has been even less studied, with hardly anything known about functional significance of having secondary cell wall thickening and perforations on velamen cell walls. Therefore, a logical next step would be to connect these anatomical features to their functions.
Countryside, Borderlands, Nature—Public Art beyond the City☆
Authors: Izdebska Karolina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article emphasizes several primary realms of contemporary artistic endeavors in public art, specifically those unfolding outside urban metropolises. I analyzed the examined practices in terms of their functions and goals, the forms they take, and the problematic areas they address. This allowed for identifying certain symptomatic areas of artistic activities; domains shaped by diverse perceptions of the Polish countryside and rural life. Some feature an exploration of folk beliefs, ritual practices, religiosity, liturgy, and a connection to the land and the rhythms of nature—an ethnographic trend. Others delve into themes associated with historical heritage and the legacy of serfdom (an emancipatory trend). Moreover, I identify a trend focused on the specificity of “borderlands” and an ecological trend. The analysis focuses on questions: How does public art manifest itself beyond urban areas, particularly in rural settings? What social functions does it serve? And what significance does the examination of artistic activities hold for advancing research in rural sociology? The main aim of the article is to transpose Polish public art practice into the realm of public art in rural studies.
Everything for the people, but trust? Exploring the link between populist attitudes and social trust in Italy, Portugal, and Spain
Authors: Marcos‐Marne Hugo , Sendra Mariana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile it is largely unquestioned that populist individuals are more likely to distrust politics and politicians, the empirical association between populist attitudes and social trust is far less clear. In principle, the people‐centrist component of populism could trigger higher levels of social trust among individuals with stronger populist attitudes. Empirically, however, the relationship seems more complex and could be influenced by the boundaries of the group identified as ‘the people’. This paper examines this association using data from three South European countries: Italy, Portugal, and Spain. The main results show that stronger populist attitudes correlate with lower levels of generalized social trust but with higher levels of trust towards the group identified with ‘the people’. These results underline the conceptual consistence of populist attitudes and help to theorize about the effects of widespread populist attitudes.
Preservice secondary science and mathematics teachers' readiness to teach multilingual learners: An investigation across four teacher education programs
Authors: Carpenter Stacey L. , Meier Valerie , Moon Sungmin , Spina Alexis D. , Bianchini Julie A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this mixed methods study, we analyzed survey and interview data from 100 preservice secondary science and mathematics teachers enrolled in four teacher education programs (TEPs) to investigate their readiness to teach multilingual learners. We defined readiness as preservice teachers' sense of preparedness to teach multilingual learners and their understanding of effective multilingual learner instruction. We examined participants' self‐reported levels of preparedness, their understanding of effective multilingual learner instruction, and sources contributing to and/or limiting their readiness. We found that participants' readiness to teach multilingual learners significantly increased between the beginning and end of their TEPs. We also found that participants' understanding of effective multilingual learner instruction was significantly associated with a higher sense of preparedness. Furthermore, we found that participants enrolled in graduate TEPs reported higher levels of preparedness than participants enrolled in an undergraduate TEP. Likewise, participants whose first language was other than or in addition to English reported higher levels of preparedness. Finally, participants identified field placement experiences, personal and professional background, and coursework as factors contributing to their readiness to teach multilingual learners. We close with recommendations for teacher educators intent on helping preservice teachers better understand and implement effective instruction for multilingual learners.
Hofer–Zehnder capacity of disc tangent bundles of projective spaces
Authors: Bimmermann Johanna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe compute the Hofer–Zehnder capacity of disc tangent bundles of the complex and real projective spaces of any dimension. The disc bundle is taken with respect to the Fubini–Study resp. round metric, but we can obtain explicit bounds for any other metric. In the case of the complex projective space, we also compute the Hofer–Zehnder capacity for the magnetically twisted case, where the twist is proportional to the Fubini–Study form. For arbitrary twists, we can still give explicit upper bounds.
Stability and Change in Sports Fandom Over Time: A Longitudinal Study of U.S. Women’s Professional Soccer Fandom
Authors: Allison Rachel , Kossakowski Radosław , Pope Stacey 
Published: June 2024

Scholars have recognized that sports fandom is not static, but temporal and fluid. However, little longitudinal research has traced the development of fandom over time. This analysis makes a new contribution to the sociology of fandom and women’s sport by drawing from interviews with 35 U.S. adults who attended the 2019 Women’s World Cup and were reinterviewed after the 2023 Women’s World Cup to consider how and why fandom of U.S. women’s professional soccer develops over time. Findings show stability in high levels of identification but fluctuating practices. Themes of the life course and opportunity structure show the importance of individual and team/league changes to fans’ ability to engage in a range of behavioral expressions associated with their fandom and also account for the small number of participants whose attachment to women’s soccer waned. By offering new insights into the factors that shape (changing) fan attachments and practices, we advance knowledge about women’s sport fans at a time when women’s soccer is undergoing rapid change. Our findings can also inform future longitudinal work in other sport contexts.
“They Seem to Only Know About Bleeding and Cramps”: Menstruation, Gendered Experiences, and Coach–Athlete Relationships
Authors: Goorevich Anna , Zipp Sarah 
Published: June 2024

Menstruation is a barrier to women’s sport participation through stigmas, silence, a lack of coach and athlete education, discomfort in communication, and risk of menstrual disorders, especially at nonelite levels. This study provides a qualitative and quantitative, poststructuralist feminist examination of the barriers and facilitators to positive coach–athlete communication and relationships around menstruation. The aim of the study is to create a gender-responsive model of coaching about menstruation. An online questionnaire was completed by 494 athletes aged 16 years or older. Utilizing poststructuralist feminist theory, qualitative and quantitative analysis highlighted women athletes’ experiences with menstruation, particularly surrounding coach–athlete communication. The results illustrated the heterogeneity of menstruation experiences, with athletes’ previous gendered experiences leading them to resist and/or uphold traditional, masculine-centric gender norms in sport. Most athletes experienced negative menstruation symptoms, but many did not speak with coaches about menstruation, highlighting menstruation’s current position as a siloed topic in sport, usually reserved just for women coaches. Athletes did not discuss menstruation due to discomfort, coach ignorance, menstruation stigmas, and fears of consequences. Athletes largely agreed coaches knowing and discussing menstruation would bring benefits, such as performance improvements, stronger coach–athlete relationships, and erasure of menstruation stigma. Overall, barriers to menstruation discussions include stigma, antagonism and pessimism, and maintenance of a masculine norm. A model of gender-responsive coaching around menstruation is proposed for coaches and sport organizations, which promotes integration and proactivity, tolerance and trust, and protection of athlete voice and agency.
Coordinated adaptation of
Staphylococcus aureus
to calprotectin-dependent metal sequestration
Authors: Reyes Ruiz Valeria M. , Freiberg Jeffrey A. , Weiss Andy , Green Erin R. , Jobson Mary-Elizabeth , Felton Emily , Shaw Lindsey N. , Chazin Walter J. , Skaar Eric P. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The host protein calprotectin inhibits the growth of a variety of bacterial pathogens through metal sequestration in a process known as “nutritional immunity.”
Staphylococcus aureus
growth is inhibited by calprotectin
in vitro
, and calprotectin is localized
in vivo
to staphylococcal abscesses during infection. However, the staphylococcal adaptations that provide defense against nutritional immunity and the role of metal-responsive regulators are not fully characterized. In this work, we define the transcriptional response of
S. aureus
and the role of the metal-responsive regulators, Zur, Fur, and MntR, in response to metal limitation by calprotectin exposure. Additionally, we identified genes affecting the fitness of
S. aureus
during metal limitation through a Transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) approach. Loss of function mutations in
clpP
, which encodes a proteolytic subunit of the ATP-dependent Clp protease, demonstrate reduced fitness of
S. aureus
to the presence of calprotectin. ClpP contributes to pathogenesis
in vivo
in a calprotectin-dependent manner. These studies establish a critical role for ClpP to combat metal limitation by calprotectin and reveal the genes required for
S. aureus
to outcompete the host for metals.

IMPORTANCE

Staphylococcus aureus
is a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections, bloodstream infections, and endocarditis. Antibiotic treatment failures during
S. aureus
infections are increasingly prevalent, highlighting the need for novel antimicrobial agents. Metal chelator-based therapeutics have tremendous potential as antimicrobials due to the strict requirement for nutrient metals exhibited by bacterial pathogens. The high-affinity transition metal-binding properties of calprotectin represents a potential therapeutic strategy that functions through metal chelation. Our studies provide a foundation to define mechanisms by which
S. aureus
combats nutritional immunity and may be useful for the development of novel therapeutics to counter the ability of
S. aureus
to survive in a metal-limited environment.
Pangenome reconstruction of
Lactobacillaceae
metabolism predicts species-specific metabolic traits
Authors: Ardalani O. , Phaneuf P. V. , Mohite O. S. , Nielsen L. K. , Palsson B. O. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Strains across the
Lactobacillaceae
family form the basis for a trillion-dollar industry. Our understanding of the genomic basis for their key traits is fragmented, however, including the metabolism that is foundational to their industrial uses. Pangenome analysis of publicly available
Lactobacillaceae
genomes allowed us to generate genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions for 26 species of industrial importance. Their manual curation led to more than 75,000 gene-protein-reaction associations that were deployed to generate 2,446 genome-scale metabolic models. Cross-referencing genomes and known metabolic traits allowed for manual metabolic network curation and validation of the metabolic models. As a result, we provide the first pangenomic basis for metabolism in the
Lactobacillaceae
family and a collection of predictive computational metabolic models that enable a variety of practical uses.

IMPORTANCE

Lactobacillaceae
, a bacterial family foundational to a trillion-dollar industry, is increasingly relevant to biosustainability initiatives. Our study, leveraging approximately 2,400 genome sequences, provides a pangenomic analysis of
Lactobacillaceae
metabolism, creating over 2,400 curated and validated genome-scale models (GEMs). These GEMs successfully predict (i) unique, species-specific metabolic reactions; (ii) niche-enriched reactions that increase organism fitness; (iii) essential media components, offering insights into the global amino acid essentiality of
Lactobacillaceae
; and (iv) fermentation capabilities across the family, shedding light on the metabolic basis of
Lactobacillaceae
-based commercial products. This quantitative understanding of
Lactobacillaceae
metabolic properties and their genomic basis will have profound implications for the food industry and biosustainability, offering new insights and tools for strain selection and manipulation.
Cross-sectional evaluation of online direct-to-public calprotectin testing
Authors: Bishara Maria , Smith Rebecca , Roberts Christopher , Djouider Yousra , Bewshea Claire , Nice Rachel , Kennedy Nicholas A , Goodhand James R , Ahmad Tariq 
Published: June 2024

Objective  Why about a quarter of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer symptoms for more than a year before their diagnosis made is unclear. Low public awareness, embarrassment and the apprehension of invasive tests are cited. The anonymity of direct-to-public calprotectin testing may overcome these barriers. We sought to characterise what calprotectin testing is available directly to the public in the UK.Design/method We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of the calprotectin assays available online in the UK. Collection kits were procured from eligible providers, and surplus stool tested to receive follow-up advice for known positive (>50–100 μg/g) and negative (<50 μg/g) stool samples. Results Half (54.5% (6/11)) of the available tests were home lateral flow tests and the remainder were laboratory-based ELISAs. The lateral flow tests were considerably cheaper than the laboratory-based tests (median (range) cost £14.20 (£7.85–21.00) vs £75.85 (£59–151), p<0.0001). The median turnaround time for the laboratory tests was 14 (range: 1–23) days. All but one provider used a positivity threshold of 50 μg/g. All tests included written and pictorial instructions with the testing kit. Contact with a physician was recommended for similar proportions of positive and negative calprotectin results (54.5% (6/11) vs 54.5% (6/11), p=1).Conclusion In the UK, the public can choose between inexpensive home-based lateral flow tests or send stool samples for gold-standard laboratory testing of calprotectin. The low cost and rapid turnaround times suggest that direct-to-public calprotectin testing could be promoted to try to reduce the time to IBD diagnosis.
Pericapsular nerve group block: a 3D CT scan imaging study to determine the spread of injectate
Authors: Balocco Angela Lucia , Gautier Nicolas , Van Boxstael Sam , López Ana M , Carella Michele , Corten Kristoff , Sala-Blanch Xavier , Hadzic Admir , Gautier Philippe Emmanuel 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundCurrent understanding of the mechanism of action of the pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block is primarily based on cadaver studies. We performed an imaging study in patients undergoing hip surgery to enhance the understanding of the analgesic mechanisms following a PENG block.Materials and methods10 patients scheduled for hip surgery received an ultrasound-guided PENG block with 18 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine mixed with 2 mL of a contrast agent. After completion of the block, a high-resolution CT scan was performed to obtain a three-dimensional reconstruction of the injectate’s dispersion.ResultsThe CT imaging revealed that injectate was mainly confined to the epimysium of the iliacus and the psoas muscle, with a minor spread to the hip capsule. Contrast dye was detected within the iliacus and/or the psoas muscle in all patients. No observed spread to either the subpectineal plane or the obturator foramen was detected.ConclusionOur study suggests that the analgesic effect of the PENG block may be related to the block of the branches of the femoral nerve traveling within the iliopsoas muscle without a spread pattern commensurate with the block of the obturator nerve.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT06062134).
Subpectineal obturator nerve block reduces opioid consumption after hip arthroscopy: a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Jessen Christian , Espelund Ulrick Skipper , Brix Lone Dragnes , Nielsen Thomas Dahl , Lund Bent , Bendtsen Thomas Fichtner 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundHip arthroscopy causes severe pain during the first few hours in the postoperative care unit. This is probably due to the intraoperative stretching of the hip joint capsule. Pain relief requires high doses of opioids which may prolong recovery and may cause opioid-related adverse events.The majority of hip joint capsule nociceptors are located anteriorly. The obturator nerve innervates the anteromedial part of the hip joint capsule. We hypothesized that a subpectineal obturator nerve block using 15 ml bupivacaine 5 mg/mL with added epinephrine 5 μg/mL would reduce the opioid consumption after hip arthroscopy.Methods40 ambulatory hip arthroscopy patients were enrolled in this randomized, triple-blind controlled trial. All patients were allocated to a preoperative active or placebo subpectineal obturator nerve block. The primary outcome was opioid consumption for the first 3 hours in the postanesthesia care unit. Secondary outcomes were pain, nausea, and hip adductor strength.Results34 patients were analyzed for the primary outcome. The mean intravenous morphine equivalent consumption in the subpectineal obturator nerve block group was 11.9 mg vs 19.7 mg in the placebo group (p<0.001). The hip adductor strength was significantly reduced in the active group. No other intergroup differences were observed regarding the secondary outcomes.ConclusionWe found a significant reduction in the opioid consumption for patients receiving an active subpectineal obturator nerve block. The postoperative intravenous morphine equivalent reduction the first painful 3 hours was reduced by 40% for patients receiving a subpectineal obturator nerve block in this randomized, triple-blind trial.Trial registration numberEudraCT database 2021-006575-42.