bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of technology to enhance student self evaluation and the value of feedback on teaching
Authors: Corrigan Rosemary , Hardham Greg 
Published: May 2014

Background: Assessment using case based practical exams that require demonstration of clinical practice skills and articulation of clinical reasoning is commonly used in undergraduate allied health and nursing professions. However, the student often struggles in understanding and evaluating their performance of practical skills in preparation for summative practical assessment tasks. The fear of attempting and completing practical tasks does not contribute to learning. Any means of encouraging self evaluation, refection and facilitating learning that is driven by the learner and not the assessor will contribute to the performance of the student in the short term and the practitioner in the future. Aims: This project used a mixed-methodological approach to explore the use of audio-visual technology to enhance 61 undergraduate physiotherapy students' practice of self evaluation and then sought to explore and understand the student experience of the activity and the teacher feedback provided. Findings: Themes relating to the students concerns, strengths and levels of self-confidence were identified. Refection on the student feedback provided and the implications for teaching are also discussed.
Scapula and humeral movement patterns and their relationship with pain: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Hardwick Dustin D , Lang Catherine E 
Published: May 2014

Dustin D Hardwick, Catherine E Lang Aims: Altered movement patterns may contribute to this shoulder pain following stroke. This article describes a study examining scapular and humeral movement patterns in people with hemiparetic shoulder pain (HSP), exploring the relationship between pain and these movement patterns. Methods: Kinematic data from nine participants with HSP and twelve matched controls were collected as they performed scapular plane shoulder elevation. Correlation analyses were used to examine relationships between participants’ ratings of pain and kinematic data. Findings: The HSP group had decreased humeral external rotation compared to the control group. Despite a trend toward decreased scapular upward rotation, there was considerable variation in scapular upward rotation movement patterns across the participants with HSP. Scapular tilt was not different between groups. There was an inverse relationship between pain and scapular upward rotation, indicating that those with more pain had less scapular upward rotation. Conclusions: People with HSP demonstrated scapular and humeral movement patterns that differed from controls, where some of the altered movement patterns were related to reported pain levels. Rehabilitation management of people with HSP may be improved by careful assessment of scapulohumeral movement patterns and treatments aimed at normalizing these patterns.
Physical activity participation, functional exercise capacity and self-esteem in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Vancampfort Davy , Hert Marc De , Maurissen Katrien , Sweers Kim , Knapen Jan , Raepsaet Julie , Probst Michel 
Published: May 2014

Davy Vancampfort, Marc De Hert, Katrien Maurissen, Kim Sweers, Jan Knapen, Julie Raepsaet, Michel Probst Aims: This article describes a study comparing level of physical activity functional exercise capacity and body image and self-esteem variables between patients with schizophrenia with high and low perceived sports competence and perceived physical fitness (HPSCPF and LPSCPF). Methods: A cross-sectional study with 67 schizophrenia patients was undertaken. The final sample included 19 patients with HPSCPF and 19 with LPSCPF The Baecke Physical Activity questionnaire, the 6-minute walk test, the Physical Self-Perception Proflie (PSPP) and the B-WISE® were used. Body mass index (BMI) was incorporated as a covariate. Findings: In LPSCPF-patients, sport (p = 0.008) and leisure time physical activity (p = 0.004) participation was poorer and the distance walked 20.4% shorter (p < 0.001) compared with HPSCPF-patients. Also all other PSPP scores (p < 0.001) and the B-WISE® total score (p < 0.001) were lower in LPSCPF-patients compared to HPSCPF-patients. Conclusions: In order to motivate patients with schizophrenia to become more physically active, physical therapists should be aware of the detrimental effects of a LPSCPF.
Psychometric Properties of the Nottingham Assessment of Functional Footcare (NAFF)
Authors: Senussi Mie , Lincoln Nadina , Jeffcoate William 
Published: May 2014

Aims: The Nottingham Assessment of Functional Footcare (NAFF) was developed to assess the foot care behaviour of people with diabetes. The aim was to check the reliability and validity of the measure. Methods: Patients attending outpatient clinics were asked to complete the NAFF. A sample of respondents was asked to complete the NAFF again two weeks later. There were 86 participants, 60 (69.8%) of whom had current foot problems. Findings: The distribution of item responses indicated all four response categories were used on most items. Internal consistency was 0.61. Re-test data was available from 24 of 39 respondents who agreed to complete the NAFF a second time (61.5%). There was a significant correlation between test and retest (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The NAFF was internally consistent and reliable over time. Patients with foot problems performed significantly more foot care behaviours that those without. A cut-off score of 50 is suggested to indicate further evaluation of foot care behaviour is needed.
Video conferencing us talking face-to-face: is video suitable for supportive dialogue?
Authors: Taylor Teri 
Published: May 2014

Aims: This study aimed to explore the differences between conversations carried out face-to-face and those via video link, to see if the latter was suitable for supporting health care students. The study's objectives were: to determine perceived differences between supportive conversations conducted via video link and those carried out face-to-face; and to explore potential causes of any perceived differences between the two methods of conversation. Methods: The study used a mix of methods including dialogue simulation, transcript annotation, a questionnaire and focus group. Nine Participants' perceptions of differences between the two media and causative factors were explored. Findings: Participants expressed concerns over the use of video communication for emotionally-based dialogue because they perceived problems with eye contact, interpretation of non-verbal communication cues and limitations related to the two-dimensional nature of video conferencing. Conclusions: Reduced perceptions of shared space (a phenomenon that is present in face-to-face dialogue) with two-dimensional communication may explain participant discomfort with video communications. New three-dimensional technologies may overcome this. The findings suggest there are implications for using video conferencing in health care delivery. Careful consideration is needed before non-direct support/contact methods are introduced in both education and health care in general.
Reliability and validity tests of an evaluation tool based on the modified Barthel Index
Authors: Ohura Tomoko , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Higashi Takahiro , Konishi Kentaro , Ishiguro Rika , Nakanishi Kosuke , Shah Surya , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: May 2014

Aims: To establish the reliability and validity of a performance evaluation tool based on the modified Barthel Index (PET-MBI) for elderly residents of long-term care facilities. Methods: To develop the PET-MBI, the 10-task modified Barthel Index was translated into Japanese by three therapists, taking Japanese culture and lifestyles into account. Its reliability was independently assessed by two therapists who evaluated 16 participants (mean age 85.6 years; standard deviation (SD)=7.3) from one facility. The internal consistency and validity of the PET-MBI was then assessed by two therapists at three facilities, who evaluated a total of 110 participants (mean age 85.0 years; SD=7.1). Findings: We excluded the item ‘stair climbing’ because participants did not have to do this. Kappa coefficients of intra-tester reliability based on the test-retest method were 0.70–1.00 for individual tasks of the PET-MBI; kappa coefficients for inter-tester reliability were 0.72–1.00. Cronbach's coefficient alpha of internal consistency was 0.93. Factor analysis according to the PET-MBI revealed that a single factor explained self-care in elderly residents. Conclusions: The PET-MBI demonstrated high reliability, validity and internal consistency for the assessment of elderly residents in facilities.
Relationships between fall indices and physical function of stroke survivors in Nigeria
Authors: Akosile Christopher Olusanjo , Fabunmi Ayodeji A , Umunnah Joseph O , Okoye Cyril DA 
Published: May 2014

Purpose: This study investigated the relationships between fall incidence, fall risk, fear of falling (FOF) and physical functioning of stroke survivors in a Nigerian sample. Methods: This correlation study involved 26 stroke survivors (17 males, 9 females) recruited from two South-Eastern Nigeria teaching hospitals. The Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), oral interview and the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS version 16) were respectively used to assess fear, risk and incidence of falls and physical function of participants. Results: Majority of participants were fearful (81%) and at risk of falling (69.2%) based upon a BBS score <45. Five survivors had experienced a total of 15 falls within the last six months and about 70% rated their physical functioning as being above average. Moderate relationships were found between participants' physical function and fall risk (r=−.52), fear of falling (r=.66) and fall incidence (r=.−52) (P<0.05) respectively. Fear of falling and fall risk were also moderately correlated (r=.61) (P<0,05). Both however only had weak inverse correlation with fall incidence. Conclusions: Moderate relationships exist between each fall index and physical function. Clinicians should evaluate each of the fall indices to determine if it affects the physical functioning of stroke survivors. Intervention strategies should aim at modifying any variable found to have such effect.
Exercise perceptions among people with stroke: barriers and facilitators to participation
Authors: Simpson Lisa A , Eng Janice J , Tawashy Amira E 
Published: May 2014

Background/aims: People with stroke continue to lead sedentary lives despite the multiple benefits of exercise. Knowledge regarding stroke survivors’ conception of exercise, which is essential for a thorough understanding of the barriers and facilitators to exercise, is lacking. This study aims to explore the perceptions of exercise among stroke survivors, including their concepts and definitions of exercise, as well as their perceptions of barriers and facilitators to exercise. Methods: This study used a qualitative exploratory design. Focus groups were conducted with 11 community dwelling participants with stroke (mean 8 ± 3 years post stroke). Data were analyzed using content analysis methods. Findings: Six themes that provided information regarding participants’ perceptions of exercise were identified: mobility, balance, self-efficacy, outcomes, support, and exercise as part of an active or healthy lifestyle. Although participants internalized specific benefits of exercise, they did not demonstrate an internalized link between exercise and stroke risk. Low self-efficacy was identified as a barrier to participating in exercise, whereas, support to exercise (e.g. external encouragement, qualified personnel) was identified as a facilitator. Conclusion: These findings may provide insight when developing exercise interventions which optimize adherence for people with stroke.
Perceptions of group exercise in the management of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Aubrey Grace , Demain Sara 
Published: May 2014

Background/aims: Exercise is a potentially useful self-management tool for people with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). Long-term rehabilitation services for PwMS are recommended but poorly implemented by the UK National Health Service (NHS). This qualitative study explores how a community-based exercise group is perceived to influence MS self-management. Method: Data were collected from members of one MS Society branch who attended exercise interventions supported by fundraising. Three focus groups took place (n=25): one with a seated exercise group and two with a standing exercise group. Data were transcribed and thematic analysis used to identify and explore themes. Findings: Four themes were identified: camaraderie, taking action, understanding MS and exercising outside this environment. Participants appeared empowered in their MS management by the opportunity to take action through suitable exercise and the support of peers. Conclusions: This study indicates that group community interventions have the potential to meet the varying and long-term rehabilitation needs of PwMS. Given the evidence of exercise induced benefits in PwMS, and the problems of access to appropriate facilities, healthcare providers and commissioners should consider how to provide long-term access to appropriate exercise for PwMS.
Problem-based learning and clinical reasoning in sports therapy practice
Authors: Wilson Lynsey Munro 
Published: May 2014

Aims/Background: Problem-based learning (PBL) has received little empirical study in sports therapy teaching in the UK. The purpose of this study was to examine the inclusion of case based learning (CBL) through case study scenarios on the development of clinical reasoning (CR) within a second year undergraduate module on the Sports Therapy degree programme at a higher education institution in the UK. Method: The study was qualitative and exploratory in nature as a questionnaire was provided to the participants and common themes relating to the student experience of CBL were identified. Thirty-five students (n=35, 19 female and 16 male, mean age 21) completed the questionnaire relating to the student experience of the use of case studies and the impact on their CR. Findings: The findings of the study suggested that the majority of students perceived the case studies as being beneficial in developing their CR. To develop CR, students suggested that clinical skills and knowledge of injury must be accurate. The use of CBL invoked responses which suggested that answer correctness was important to the students. This may emphasise a need for knowledge transfer and the reinforcement of theory before practice. Conclusions: Problem-based learning and CR may be promoted through the use of case studies that provide a ‘real life, high fidelity’ type of scenario in addition to other methods of knowledge dissemination.
A pilot body image intervention programme for in-patients with eating disorders in an NHS setting
Authors: Caddy Patricia , Richardson Barbara 
Published: May 2014

Background: Body image distortion, a distressing problem that precipitates eating disorders, remains a struggle for patients after other symptoms are controlled. Despite a strong physical aspect there is little recognition of physiotherapy intervention. This study aims to assess the effect of a tailored physiotherapy intervention programme for patients with eating disorders in an NHS in-patient unit. Methods: The intervention programme, targeted at known, potentially modifiable factors relevant to body image distortion in 7 patients, used touch, massage, drawing exercises and listening skills. Patients received 8 to 38 sessions determined by length of stay on the unit. Self-drawings were completed at each session and a body shape questionnaire (BSQ-34) and a self-assessment silhouette scale in the first and last sessions. Findings: Self-drawings showed improved comparative proportions of body areas. Initial silhouette scores of more than 5 out of 10 reduced to less than five. There was a reduction in BSQ-34 questionnaire scores for all patients, and to less than half for 3. Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that a tailored programme based on principles of physiotherapy can help to improve body image perception and satisfaction. It draws attention to the potential of physiotherapy intervention programmes in the UK.
Carers and traumatic brain injury: a qualitative synthesis
Authors: Martin Katherine 
Published: May 2014

Background: Published research studying the effects of informal caregiving for an individual with traumatic brain injury (TBI) identified trends such as grief, depression, and lower quality of life. This systematic review examined qualitative research that explored adult carer experiences to describe their challenges and synthesise themes of importance to this population. Contents: An electronic search was undertaken of the following databases PsycArticles, ASSIA, MEDLINE, PILOTS, CINAHL and Proquest Nursing, from their inception to 2011. Studies were screened for inclusion and subject to quality assessment, data extraction and data synthesis by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (QARI) by one reviewer. Syntheses developed from the primary findings showed carers had concerns about their future roles and the adaptation of their relative with TBI. There were difficulties in balancing daily life with promoting independence. Carers became expert in their role but required quality information and support. There was a negative impact on carers’ occupational choices. Conclusions: This review has produced four synthesised findings to inform evidence-based practice. They underpin the need for inventive information provision, high quality inter-professional education, and a focus on the occupational balance and engagement of the carer.
Exercise instructor-led functional training programme for community dwelling stroke survivors: A qualitative study
Authors: Norris Meriel , Kilbride Cherry , Mohagheghi Amir , Victor Christina , Jones Taryn M , Dean Catherine M 
Published: May 2014

Background: Action for Rehabilitation in Neurological Injury (ARNI) is a novel community-based training programme that promotes functional independence and physical fitness in stroke survivors after formal rehabilitation. Method: We investigated the experiences of 22 stroke survivors enrolled in the 12-week programme, through their additional participation in one of four focus groups. Guidance topics informed the discussions, which were audio-recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was conducted by two independent researchers and consensus reached on the overarching themes. Results: The programme was described as overwhelmingly positive, with ascribed benefits in physical, functional and social activities, leading to a reported increase in active participation in life. Key contextual factors were discussed as being critical to develop these benefits including: the balance of group and 1:1 training, the nature of challenge in the activities and the de-medicalisation of both the environment and the intervention itself. Conclusions: Group-based ARNI was reported as having a positive impact on function and participation in life post-stroke. This study indicates a need for further examination of the objective impact of the ARNI programme.
Influence of second-degree flatfoot on spinal and pelvic mechanics in young females
Authors: Abdel-Raoof Neveen , Kamel Dalia , Tantawy Sayed 
Published: May 2014

Objective: To investigate the effect of bilateral flexible second-degree flatfoot on pelvic and spinal mechanics in young females. Methods: A case-control trial was conducted at the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt, on 60 female participants who were assigned into two groups. Group A (the control group) included 31 healthy subjects, and group B (the study group) included 29 subjects with bilateral flexible second-degree of flatfoot deformity. For each subject in both groups, using lateral weight-bearing radiographs, foot assessments were performed bilaterally to measure the talus–first metatarsal angle. Using the formetric-II device, 3D assessments of the pelvis were performed on the frontal and sagittal planes in addition to lumbar and thoracic curvatures on the sagittal plane. Outcome measures were pelvic inclination, pelvic tilt, and lumbar lordotic and thoracic kyphotic angles. Results: There was a significant difference in pelvic inclination and in lumbar and thoracic angles (P=0.012, 0.009, and 0.028, respectively) between both groups. There was no significant difference between both groups in pelvic tilt (P=0.688). Conclusion: Subjects with bilateral flexible second-degree flatfoot demonstrated increased pelvic inclination, lumbar lordotic and thoracic kyphotic angles than normal subjects. Foot assessments should be performed as an essential part of the evaluation of female patients with spine and pelvic problems. Bilateral flexible second-degree flatfoot may act as a predictor for pelvic organs prolapse in their later lives.
Clown humour: The perceptions of doctors, nurses, parents and children
Authors: Battrick Cath , Glasper Edward Alan , Prudhoe Gill , Weaver Katy 
Published: May 2014

Clowns have entertained people for millennia. However, the use of humour as a therapy is receiving increasing attention from health-care professionals who are interested in both the psychological and physical effects on patients’ wellbeing. Nevertheless, there is however a paucity of English-language empirical data to underpin the use of clown humour in children’s health-care settings. The primary objective of this study was to elicit the perceptions of doctors, nurses, parents and children regarding the efficacy of performances by Theodora Trust Special Clowns to sick children in a children’s hospital in the south of England. Participants included 49 children, 43 parents/carers, 17 doctors and 93 other health-care staff. A questionnaire was used that employed a mixture of closed and attitudinal Likert-type questions, and descriptive statistics were calculated of how individual groups of respondents view the efficacy of clown doctor humour delivered to sick children in hospital. The majority of children indicated that they liked playing with clowns during their hospital stay, and the majority of parents agreed that the presence of clown doctors has a positive impact on sick children and their families. The majority of the paediatricians who participated also agreed that the presence of clown doctors has a positive impact on sick children and their families during a hospital stay. However, six of them revealed that they did not personally like clowns. Among the other health-care staff, a large majority agreed that clown doctors have a positive impact on the child and family and that the clown encounter was helpful to the sick child, although 22 did not personally like clowns. The results show that the parents and children are enthusiastic about the presence of clown doctors in clinical environments where sick children are cared for. The majority of health care professionals including paediatricians are supportive of clown doctor activities for children, despite some of their own personal prejudices.