bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neotropical shrub Lupinus elegans, from temperate forests, may not adapt to climate change
Authors: Soto‐Correa J. C. , Sáenz‐Romero C. , Lindig‐Cisneros R. , de la Barrera E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractConsidering that their distribution is limited to altitudinal gradients along mountains that are likely to become warmer and drier, climate change poses an increased threat to temperate forest species from tropical regions. We studied whether the understorey shrub Lupinus elegans, endemic to temperate forests of west‐central Mexico, will be able to withstand the projected temperature increase under seven climate change scenarios. Seeds were collected along an altitudinal gradient and grown in a shade‐house over 7 months before determining their temperature tolerance as electrolyte leakage. The plants from colder sites tolerated lower temperatures, i.e. the temperature at which half of the maximum electrolyte leakage occurred (LT50), ranged from −6.4 ± 0.7 to −2.4 ± 0.3 °C. In contrast, no pattern was found for tolerance to high temperature (LT50 average 42.8 ± 0.3 °C). The climate change scenarios considered here consistently estimated an increase in air temperature during the present century that was higher for the maximum air temperature than for the mean or minimum. In particular, the anomaly from the normal maximum air temperature at the study region ranged from 2.8 °C by 2030 to 5.8 °C by 2090. In this respect, the inability of L. elegans to adapt to increasingly higher temperatures found here, in addition to a possible inhibition of reproduction caused by warmer winters, may limit its future distribution.
An Immunohistochemical Study of the Oviduct in the Domestic Fowl (Gallus domesticus)
Authors: Madekurozwa M.‐C. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThis study describes the distribution of vimentin, desmin, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and laminin in the oviduct of the laying domestic fowl. Vimentin immunostaining was localised in the luminal epithelium of the infundibulum, magnum, magnum–isthmus junction and isthmus. The luminal epithelium of the shell gland regions displayed weak vimentin immunostaining. Vimentin immunostaining was demonstrated in the glandular grooves of the tubular infundibular region. In contrast, gland cells in the magnum, isthmus and shell gland regions were vimentin immunonegative. Fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells in the lamina propria of the oviductal regions studied exhibited vimentin immunostaining. Strong desmin and SMA immunostaining were present in the smooth muscle cells of the tunica muscularis and vascular tunica media. In this study, basement membranes underlying the luminal and glandular epithelia were immunopositive for laminin. In addition, basement membranes associated with smooth muscle cells exhibited laminin immunostaining. The results of the study indicate that the immunolocalisation of desmin, SMA and laminin in the oviduct of the domestic fowl is similar to that in the mammalian uterus. The immunolocalisation of vimentin in the domestic fowl varies depending on the oviductal region.
Mixed mucin‐producing and squamous differentiated tumor of the uterine cervix: A report of a case as adenosquamous carcinoma in situ
Authors: Ohta Yoshiki , Kunimura Toshiaki , Omatsu Mutsuko , Shiokawa Akira , Kushima Miki , Ota Hidekazu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe report a non‐invasive mixed mucin‐producing and squamous differentiated tumor of the uterine cervix. This tumor was composed of two cell types: mucin‐producing cells and non‐mucin‐producing cells. These cells were intimately mixed with each other, and showed intraepithelial spreading. The mucin‐producing cells showed signet‐ring or columnar shapes, and were localized to the lower‐to‐upper epithelial layer. The non‐mucin‐producing cells had eosinophilic cytoplasms with a monotonous appearance through the epithelium. Mitosis was sometimes observed in both cell types. Immunohistochemically, both cell types were positive for p16INK4A. The non‐mucin‐producing cells were positive for p63 and 34βE12, suggesting squamous differentiation. Although most mucin‐producing cells were p63‐, a few of them were p63+ and many 34βE12 immunoreactive cells were found in the mucin‐producing cells. This tumor was adenosquamous carcinoma in situ.
Integration of Genomics in Cancer Care
Authors: Santos Erika Maria Monteiro , Edwards Quannetta T. , Floria‐Santos Milena , Rogatto Silvia Regina , Achatz Maria Isabel Waddington , MacDonald Deborah J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurpose: The article aims to introduce nurses to how genetics‐genomics is currently integrated into cancer care from prevention to treatment and influencing oncology nursing practice.Organizing Construct: An overview of genetics‐genomics is described as it relates to cancer etiology, hereditary cancer syndromes, epigenetics factors, and management of care considerations.Methods: Peer‐reviewed literature and expert professional guidelines were reviewed to address concepts of genetics‐genomics in cancer care.Findings: Cancer is now known to be heterogeneous at the molecular level, with genetic and genomic factors underlying the etiology of all cancers. Understanding how these factors contribute to the development and treatment of both sporadic and hereditary cancers is important in cancer risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and long‐term management and surveillance.Conclusions: Rapidly developing advances in genetics‐genomics are changing all aspects of cancer care, with implications for nursing practice.Clinical Relevance: Nurses can educate cancer patients and their families about genetic‐genomic advances and advocate for use of evidence‐based genetic‐genomic practice guidelines to reduce cancer risk and improve outcomes in cancer management.
An improved method for the identification of galaxy systems: measuring the gravitational redshift by dark matter haloes
Authors: Domínguez Romero Mariano Javier de León , García Lambas Diego , Muriel Hernán 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
We introduce a new method for the identification of galaxy systems in redshift surveys based on the halo model. This method is a modified version of the K-means identification algorithm developed by Yang et al. We have calibrated and tested our algorithms using mock catalogues generated using the Millennium Simulations and applied them to the NYU-DR7 galaxy catalogue (based on the SDSS data sets). Using this local sample of groups and clusters of galaxies, we have measured the effect of gravitational redshift produced by their host dark matter haloes. Our results show radial velocity decrements consistent with general relativity predictions and previous measurements by Wojtak et al. in clusters of galaxies.
Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis vs. Standard Treatment or Intravenous Thrombolysis in Adults with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nam Julian , Jing He , O'Reilly Daria 
Published: January 2013

Background Recent evidence has suggested that intra-arterial thrombolysis may provide benefit beyond intravenous thrombolysis in ischemic stroke patients. Previous meta-analyses have only compared intra-arterial thrombolysis with standard treatment without thrombolysis. The objective was to review the benefits and harms of intra-arterial thrombolysis in ischemic stroke patients. Methods We undertook a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of intra-arterial thrombolysis with either standard treatment or intravenous thrombolysis following acute ischemic stroke. Primary outcomes included poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 3–6), mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Study quality was assessed, and outcomes were stratified by comparison treatment received. Results Four trials (n = 351) comparing intra-arterial thrombolysis with standard treatment were identified. Intra-arterial thrombolysis reduced the risk of poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 3–6) [relative risk (RR) = 0·80; 95% confidence interval = 0·67–0·95; P = 0·01]. Mortality was not increased (RR = 0·82; 95% confidence interval = 0·56–1·21; P = 0·32); however, risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was nearly four times more likely (RR = 3·90; 95% confidence interval = 1·41–10·76; P = 0·006). Two trials (n = 81) comparing intra-arterial thrombolysis with intravenous thrombolysis were identified. Intra-arterial thrombolysis was not found to reduce poor functional outcomes(modified Rankin Scale 3–6) (RR = 0·68; 95% confidence interval = 0·46–1·00; P = 0·05). Mortality was not increased (RR = 1·12; 95% confidence interval = 0·47–2·68; P = 0·79); neither was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (RR = 1·13; 95% confidence interval = 0·32–3·99; P = 0·85). Differences in time from symptom onset-to-treatment and type of thrombolytic administered were found across the trials. Conclusions This analysis finds a modest benefit of intra-arterial thrombolysis over standard treatment, although it does not find a clear benefit of intra-arterial thrombolysis over intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients. However, few trials, small sample sizes, and indirectness limit the strength of evidence.
The relationship of oxidative stress, adiposity and metabolic risk factors in healthy Black and White American youth
Authors: Warolin J. , Coenen K. R. , Kantor J. L. , Whitaker L. E. , Wang L. , Acra S. A. , Roberts L. J. , Buchowski M. S. 
Published: January 2013

Summary
What is already known about this subject
African Americans are disproportionately affected by obesity and other metabolic risk factors in comparison to White Americans.
Increasing prevalence of obesity has been associated with concomitant increases in childhood hypertension, dyslipidaemia and type 2 diabetes.
Oxidative stress is associated with obesity in both adults and children.

What this study adds
Oxidative stress is positively associated with total body fat and truncal fat, but not with body mass index (BMI) or BMI z‐score in healthy youth.
Oxidative stress is associated with diastolic blood pressure in African American but not in White American healthy youth.
BackgroundOxidative stress is elevated in obese youth, but less is known regarding racial disparities in the relationship of oxidative stress with metabolic risk factors.ObjectivesTo determine the relationship between oxidative stress and metabolic risk factors, adiposity, leptin, adiponectin and cardiovascular fitness (VO2PEAK) in healthy African American and White American youth.MethodsA marker of oxidative stress (F2‐isoprostane), validated markers of metabolic risk factors, fitness and body composition were measured in African American (n = 82) and White American (n = 76) youth (8–17 years old) recruited over a range of BMI percentiles (4th to 99th).ResultsF2‐isoprostane concentration was positively correlated with percentage body fat (r = 0.198) and percentage truncal fat (r = 0.173), but was not different between African American and White American males and females (P = 0.208). African American youth had significantly higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.023 and P = 0.011, respectively), body weight, BMI percentile and Tanner stage. After adjusting for gender, age, BMI and Tanner stage, African American youth varied from White Americans in the association of F2‐isoprostane with diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.047), but not with systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, VO2PEAK or homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsOxidative stress, as measured by urinary F2‐isoprostane concentrations, was positively associated with percent body fat and truncal fat in youth. Oxidative stress levels were similar among African American and White American youth. Among markers of the metabolic syndrome, a significant difference between African American and White American youth was demonstrated only in the association of oxidative stress with diastolic blood pressure.
The Household Risk Perception instrument and the Self‐Efficacy in Environmental Risk Reduction instrument: psychometric testing using principal component analysis
Authors: Oneal Gail , Odom‐Maryon Tamara , Postma Julie , Hill Wade , Butterfield Patricia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo report the psychometric testing of the Household Risk Perception and Self‐Efficacy in Environmental Risk Reduction instruments using principal components analysis.BackgroundThere are limited instruments available to test household risk perception and self‐efficacy related to environmental health behaviours. The Household Risk Perception instrument was developed to measure personal perceptions of household environmental health risks. The Self‐Efficacy in Environmental Risk Reduction instrument was designed to measure caregivers' confidence in taking steps to reduce household risks.DesignAn exploratory analysis of previous data was undertaken.MethodBaseline data from 235 caregivers enrolled in a randomized clinical trial testing a healthy housing intervention were collected between 2006–2009. Principal components analysis was used to determine principal components from measured responses to each instrument.ResultsComponents were explored and compared to constructs used to design the original instruments. A five‐component structure showed the simplest solution and explained 65% of variance in the Household Risk Perception analysis. Cronbach's alpha values indicated satisfactory internal consistency for four of five identified components. Risk perception varied according to available sensory input of the specific risk. A four‐component structure explained 64% of the variance in the Self‐Efficacy in Environmental Risk Reduction analysis. Cronbach's alpha values were satisfactory. Items mapped to steps in an action‐oriented process vs. agent‐specific actions. Results from both analyses suggest that environmental tobacco smoke is perceived differently than other household risks.ConclusionPreviously, both instruments relied on item reliability and content validity testing. This study provides a basis for further instrument revision and theoretical testing.
Mosaic of verbal abuse experienced by nurses in their everyday work
Authors: Jackson Debra , Hutchinson Marie , Luck Lauretta , Wilkes Lesley 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsTo report observational data collected as part of a multi‐phased study examining violence in the health sector. The findings presented detail the nature of verbal abuse experienced by nurses during their everyday interactions with patient, their families, or companions.BackgroundNurses have unacceptably high levels of exposure to violence, which commonly includes verbal abuse. However, relatively little is known about the nature of verbal abuse against nurses.DesignObservational design.MethodsDuring 2010, 1150 hours of observation resulted in data on 220 patients displaying cues for physical violence and 210 qualitative observational notes. These observational notes constitute the data for this paper and reveal the nature of verbal abuse experienced by nurses in their everyday work.ResultsA mosaic of abuse was revealed through three major categories: a discourse of gendered verbal abuse that was largely: sexual; insults, ridicule, and unreasonable demands; and hostility, threats, and menacing language.ConclusionsFor the nurses observed in this study, everyday nursing practice occurred in a backdrop of verbal abuse and hostility, which had a strong theme of gendered and sexualized overtones. We recommend that interventions that target verbal abuse should address the gendered and sexualized nature of the abuse experienced by nurses.
Adapting to living with a mechanical aortic heart valve: a phenomenographic study
Authors: Oterhals Kjersti , Fridlund Bengt , Nordrehaug Jan Erik , Haaverstad Rune , Norekvål Tone M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo describe how patients adapt to living with a mechanical aortic heart valve.BackgroundAortic valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis is preferred for patients with life expectancy of more than 10 years as they are more durable than bioprosthetic valves. Mechanical valves have some disadvantages, such as higher risk of thrombosis and embolism, increased risk of bleeding related to lifelong oral anticoagulation treatment and noise from the valve.DesignAn explorative design with a phenomenographic approach was employed.MethodsAn explorative design with a phenomenographic approach was applied. Interviews were conducted over 4 months during 2010–2011 with 20 strategically sampled patients, aged 24–74 years having undergone aortic valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis during the last 10 years.FindingsPatients adapted to living with a mechanical aortic heart valve in four ways: ‘The competent patient’ wanted to stay in control of his/her life. ‘The adjusted patient’ considered the implications of having a mechanical aortic valve as part of his/her daily life. ‘The unaware patient’ was not aware of warfarin–diet–medication interactions. ‘The worried patient’ was bothered with the oral anticoagulation and annoyed by the sound of the valve. Patients moved between the different ways of adapting.ConclusionsThe oral anticoagulation therapy was considered the most troublesome consequence, but also the sound of the valve was difficult to accept. Patient counselling and adequate follow‐up can make patients with mechanical aortic heart valves more confident and competent to manage their own health. We recommend that patients should participate in a rehabilitation programme following cardiac surgery.
Mortality and Clostridium difficile infection in an Australian setting
Authors: Mitchell Brett G. , Gardner Anne , Hiller Janet E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo quantify the risk of death associated with Clostridium difficile infection, in an Australian tertiary hospital.BackgroundTwo reviews examining Clostridium difficile infection and mortality indicate that Clostridium difficile infection is associated with increased mortality in hospitalized patients. Studies investigating the mortality of Clostridium difficile infection in settings outside of Europe and North America are required, so that the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in these regions can be understood and appropriate prevention strategies made.DesignAn observational non‐concurrent cohort study design was used.MethodsData from all persons who had (exposed) and a matched sample of persons who did not have Clostridium difficile infection, for the calendar years 2007–2010, were analysed. The risk of dying within 30, 60, 90 and 180 days was compared using the two groups. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and conditional logistic regression models were applied to the data to examine time to death and mortality risk adjusted for comorbidities using the Charlson Comorbidity Index.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐eight cases of infection were identified. A statistically significant difference in all‐cause mortality was identified between exposed and non‐exposed groups at 60 and 180 days. In a conditional regression model, mortality in the exposed group was significantly higher at 180 days.ConclusionIn this Australian study, Clostridium difficile infection was associated with increased mortality. In doing so, it highlights the need for nurses to immediately instigate contact precautions for persons suspected of having Clostridium difficile infection and to facilitate a timely faecal collection for testing. Our findings support ongoing surveillance of Clostridium difficile infection and associated prevention and control activities.
Practitioner Review: Current best practice in the management of adverse events during treatment with ADHD medications in children and adolescents
Authors: Cortese Samuele , Holtmann Martin , Banaschewski Tobias , Buitelaar Jan , Coghill David , Danckaerts Marina , Dittmann Ralf W. , Graham John , Taylor Eric , Sergeant Joseph ,   on behalf of the European ADHD Guidelines Group
Published: January 2013

Background:  Medication is an important element of therapeutic strategies for ADHD. While medications for ADHD are generally well‐tolerated, there are common, although less severe, as well as rare but severe adverse events AEs during treatment with ADHD drugs. The aim of this review is to provide evidence‐ and expert‐based guidance concerning the management of (AEs) with medications for ADHD.Methods:  For ease of use by practitioners and clinicians, the article is organized in a simple question and answer format regarding the prevalence and management of the most common AEs. Answers were based on empirical evidence from studies (preferably meta‐analyses or systematic reviews) retrieved in PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE and Web of Knowledge through 30 June 2012. When no empirical evidence was available, expert consensus of the members of the European ADHD Guidelines Group is provided. The evidence‐level of the management recommendations was based on the SIGN grading system.Results:  The review covers monitoring and management strategies of loss of appetite and growth delay, cardiovascular risks, sleep disturbance, tics, substance misuse/abuse, seizures, suicidal thoughts/behaviours and psychotic symptoms.Conclusion:  Most AEs during treatment with drugs for ADHD are manageable and most of the times it is not necessary to stop medication, so that patients with ADHD may continue to benefit from the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment.
Daylight‐mediated photodynamic therapy of basal cell carcinomas – an explorative study
Authors: Wiegell S.R. , Skødt V. , Wulf H.C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown that daylight‐photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment of actinic keratoses, nearly pain free and more convenient for both the clinics and patients. Treatment of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) is another main indication for PDT.ObjectivesThe aim of this open, uncontrolled, prospective explorative study was to evaluate the efficacy of daylight‐PDT for BCCs.MethodsTwenty‐one patients with a total of 32 BCCs located in the face, scalp, chest, back and lower leg received one cycle of daylight‐methyl aminolevulinate (MAL)‐PDT, consisting of two treatments 1 week apart. After sunscreen application and lesion preparation, MAL was applied and patients exposed themselves to daylight for 2½ h. Daylight exposure was monitored with a wrist‐borne dosimeter.ResultsAt 3‐month follow‐up, complete response was seen in 30 lesions (94%) and in 19 patients (90%). At 12‐month follow‐up, six lesions had recurred resulting in a total recurrence rate of 21% (6/29) as one lesion was lost to follow‐up. Twelve months after daylight‐PDT, 74% (23/31) of the treated lesions showed complete response. During each treatment, the mean effective light dose was 10.8 J/cm2 during an average of 152 min of daylight exposure. Treatment was pain free with good or excellent cosmesis.ConclusionsIn conclusion, daylight‐PDT proved to be as effective as conventional PDT in the treatment of BCCs in this explorative clinical study. Daylight‐PDT was pain free and more convenient for both clinicians and patients. The cosmetic outcome was good or excellent. Larger studies need to confirm the findings of this study.