bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the origins of early leadership: The role of authoritative parenting practices and mastery orientation
Authors: Kudo Franklin T , Longhofer Jeffrey L , Floersch Jerry E 
Published: October 2012

This is an exploratory study that examines how leadership potential may initially develop in adolescent children through specific parenting practices. It investigates whether adolescent children raised in an authoritative parenting environment can be linked to transformational leadership. Additionally, this study looks at the healthy parent–child interaction that promotes emotional autonomy and mastery orientation. These important psychological dispositions may form the basis for transformational leadership thinking and behavior, especially in young nascent leaders. Through the use of survey instruments, data from 245 adolescent boys and a few girls were collected. The results obtained help explain the possible interactions between parenting and leadership development in adolescents. The study revealed a positive relationship between authoritative parenting practices, emotional autonomy, mastery orientation, and transformational leadership.
Efficacy Evaluation of a New Hyaluronan Derivative HYADD® 4-G to Maintain Cartilage Integrity in a Rabbit Model of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Mainil-Varlet Pierre , Schiavinato Antonella , Ganster Murielle Marie 
Published: October 2012

Objective: To test the efficacy of a hyaluronan derivative (HYADD®4-G) in a model of osteoarthritis (anterior cruciate ligament [ACLT]) and to compare its efficacy with the injection of growth factors. Design: In a first experimental set-up, specially selected for treatment scheme with published studies on hyaluronan or growth factor efficacy in osteoarthritis, saline, HYADD®4-G, rh-BMP-7, and the treatments of rh-BMP-7 or rh-BMP-2 with HYADD®4-G were injected after ACLT, for five times starting 3 weeks after ACLT. Euthanasia was at day 70. The knees were evaluated by gross morphological observation, x-ray, and histology (Study A). In a second experimental set-up selected to evaluate the efficacy of three viscosupplement injections, starting 4 weeks after ACTL, HYADD®4-G was compared to saline (Study B). Results: (A) X-ray analysis showed more damage in the saline group than all other treatment groups (2.67 ± 0.61 for saline, 0.83 ± 0.26 for HYADD®4-G, 1.67 ± 0.82 for HYADD®4-G with rh-BMP-2, 0.75 ± 0.76 for HYADD®4-G with rh-BMP-7, and 1.58 ± 0.49 for rh-BMP-7), P < 0.05. In the femoral condyle, the Mankin’s score for HYADD®4-G with rh-BMP-2, HYADD®4-G with rh-BMP-7, and rh-BMP7 alone was statistically lower compared to saline in the medial part; in the lateral part a significant lower value was observed in the HYADD®4-G with the rh-BMP-2 group. (B) The Kellgren and Lawrence score and Mankin’s score was lower in the HYADD®4-G group than in the saline group ( P < 0.002 and P = 0.0031). Conclusions: These two studies suggest that HYADD®4-G delayed the cartilage degeneration and that the association of HYADD®4-G with growth factors is synergistic.
In Vivo Evaluation of Different Surgical Procedures for Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Maréchal Marina , Van Hauwermeiren Hadewych , Neys Johan , Vanderlinden Gert , Van de Putte Tom 
Published: October 2012

Objective: Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) involves the application of a chondrocyte suspension into a membrane-sealed cartilage defect. Recently, “cell-seeded collagen matrix-supported” ACI has been developed wherein chondrocytes are seeded on a biomembrane. This study aimed at preclinically comparing 4 variant ACI techniques in a refined goat model: 2 traditional procedures, whereby the defect is sealed by a periosteal flap or collagen membrane, and 2 cell-seeding methods, with the collagen membrane either sutured or glued into the defect. Design: The efficacy of the surgical techniques was evaluated in an acute critical size chondral defect in the medial condyle of 32 skeletally mature goats, randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 aforementioned treatment groups. After 10 weeks in vivo, the quality of the repair was graded histologically by 2 independent, blinded readers using the “modified O’Driscoll” score. Results: The cell-seeding procedure whereby the membrane is sutured into the defect has a similar structural repair capacity than traditional ACI techniques. However, when the cell-seeded membrane was glued into the defect, the outcome appeared inferior. Conclusion: These findings indicate that optimizing the goat model and the postoperative recovery does allow preclinical evaluation of ACI-based cartilage implants in a load-bearing setting. This preclinical observation provides support to the clinical utilization of the sutured membrane-seeded (ACI-CS) technique, provided sutures, but not fibrin sealants, are used to fix the cell-seeded membrane in the defect bed.
In situ production of innate immune cells in murine white adipose tissue
Authors: Poglio Sandrine , De Toni Fabienne , Lewandowski Daniel , Minot Adeline , Arnaud Emmanuelle , Barroca Vilma , Laharrague Patrick , Casteilla Louis , Cousin Béatrice 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is the focus of new interest because of the presence of an abundant and complex immune cell population that is involved in key pathologies such as metabolic syndrome. Based on in vivo reconstitution assays, it is thought that these immune cells are derived from the bone marrow (BM). However, previous studies have shown that WAT exhibits specific hematopoietic activity exerted by an unknown subpopulation of cells. In the present study, we prospectively isolated a peculiar hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell population from murine WAT. The cells are phenotypically similar to BM hematopoietic stem cells and are able to differentiate into both myeloid and lymphoid lineages in vitro. In competitive repopulation assays in vivo, they reconstituted the innate immune compartment in WAT preferentially and more efficiently than BM cells, but did not reconstitute hematopoietic organs. They were also able to give rise to multilineage engraftment in both secondary recipients and in utero transplantation. Therefore, we propose that WAT hematopoietic cells constitute a population of immature cells that are able to renew innate immune cell populations. Considering the amount of WAT in adults, our results suggest that WAT hematopoietic activity controls WAT inflammatory processes and also supports innate immune responses in other organs.
Epigenetic therapy is associated with similar survival compared with intensive chemotherapy in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Quintás-Cardama Alfonso , Ravandi Farhad , Liu-Dumlao Theresa , Brandt Mark , Faderl Stefan , Pierce Sherry , Borthakur Gautam , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Cortes Jorge , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We reviewed the outcome of 671 patients 65 years of age or older with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated at our institution between 2000 and 2010 with intensive chemotherapy (n = 557) or azacitidine- or decitabine-based therapy (n = 114). Both groups were balanced according to cytogenetics and performance status. The complete response rates with chemotherapy and epigenetic therapy were 42% and 28%, respectively (P = .001), and the 8-week mortality 18% and 11%, respectively (P = .075). Two-year relapse-free survival rates (28% vs 39%, P = .843) and median survival (6.7 vs 6.5 months, P = .413) were similar in the 2 groups. Multivariate analysis identified older age, adverse cytogenetics, poor performance status, elevated creatinine, peripheral blood and BM blasts, and hemoglobin, but not type of AML therapy, as independent prognostic factors for survival. No outcome differences were observed according to cytogenetics, FLT3 mutational status, age, or performance status by therapy type. Decitabine was associated with improved median overall survival compared with azacitidine (5.5 vs 8.8 months, respectively, P = .03). Survival after failure of intensive chemotherapy, azacitidine, or decitabine was more favorable in patients who had previously received decitabine (1.1 vs 0.9 vs 3.1 months, respectively, P = .109). The results of the present study show that epigenetic therapy is associated with similar survival rates as intensive chemotherapy in older patients with newly diagnosed AML. The studies reviewed are registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as 2009-0172 (NCT00926731) and 2009-0217 (NCT00952588).
Identification and characterization of microRNAs in white and brown alpaca skin
Authors: Tian Xue , Jiang Junbing , Fan Ruiwen , Wang Haidong , Meng Xiaolin , He Xiaoyan , He Junping , Li Hongquan , Geng Jianjun , Yu Xiuju , Song Yunfei , Zhang Danli , Yao Jianbo , Smith George W , Dong Changsheng 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding 21–25 nt RNA molecules that play an important role in regulating gene expression. Little is known about the expression profiles and functions of miRNAs in skin and their role in pigmentation. Alpacas have more than 22 natural coat colors, more than any other fiber producing species. To better understand the role of miRNAs in control of coat color we performed a comprehensive analysis of miRNA expression profiles in skin of white versus brown alpacas.

Results
Two small RNA libraries from white alpaca (WA) and brown alpaca (BA) skin were sequenced with the aid of Illumina sequencing technology. 272 and 267 conserved miRNAs were obtained from the WA and BA skin libraries, respectively. Of these conserved miRNAs, 35 and 13 were more abundant in WA and BA skin, respectively. The targets of these miRNAs were predicted and grouped based on Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis. Many predicted target genes for these miRNAs are involved in the melanogenesis pathway controlling pigmentation. In addition to the conserved miRNAs, we also obtained 22 potentially novel miRNAs from the WA and BA skin libraries.

Conclusion
This study represents the first comprehensive survey of miRNAs expressed in skin of animals of different coat colors by deep sequencing analysis. We discovered a collection of miRNAs that are differentially expressed in WA and BA skin. The results suggest important potential functions of miRNAs in coat color regulation.
General practitioners’ views on the acceptability and applicability of a web-based intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing for acute cough in multiple European countries: a qualitative study prior to a randomised trial
Authors: Anthierens Sibyl , Tonkin-Crine Sarah , Douglas Elaine , Fernandez-Vandellos Patricia , Krawczyk Jaroslaw , Llor Carl , Cals Jochen WL , Francis Nick A , Yardley Lucy , Coenen Samuel , Verheij Theo , Goossens Herman , Little Paul ,   the GRACE INTRO study team
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundInterventions to promote prudent antibiotic prescribing by general practitioners (GPs) have often only been developed for use in one country. We aimed to develop an intervention which would be appropriate to implement in multiple European countries in order to offer greater benefit to practice whilst using fewer resources. The INTRO (INternet TRaining for antibiOtic use) intervention needed to deliver training to GPs in the use of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) near patient tests to help diagnose acute cough and in communication skills to help explain prescribing decisions to patients. We explored GPs’ views on the initial version of INTRO to test acceptability and potentially increase applicability for use in multiple countries before the start of a randomised trial.Method30 GPs from five countries (Belgium, England, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain), were interviewed using a “think aloud” approach. GPs were asked to work through the intervention and discuss their views on the content and format in relation to following the intervention in their own practice. GPs viewed the same intervention but versions were created in five languages. Data were coded using thematic analysis.ResultsGPs in all five countries reported the view that the intervention addressed an important topic, was broadly acceptable and feasible to use, and would be a useful tool to help improve clinical practice. However, GPs in the different countries identified aspects of the intervention that did not reflect their national culture or healthcare system. These included perceived differences in communication style used in the consultation, consultation length and the stage of illness at which patient typically presented.ConclusionAn online intervention to support evidence-based use of antibiotics is acceptable and feasible to implement amongst GPs in multiple countries. However, tailoring of the intervention to suit national contexts was necessary by adding local information and placing more emphasis on the fact that GPs could select the communication skills they wished to use in practice. Using think aloud methods to complement the development of interventions is a powerful method to identify regional contextual barriers to intervention implementation.
Genetic polymorphisms in the osteopontin promoter increases the risk of distance metastasis and death in Chinese patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Zhao Fujun , Chen Xiaoyi , Meng Tingting , Hao Bo , Zhang Zhihong , Zhang Guoxin 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background

In vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that osteopontin (OPN) is associated with many types of cancers. However, no studies have reported the incidence of OPN polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between OPN polymorphisms and gastric cancer in a Chinese patient population.

Methods
Three genetic variants in the OPN promoter were genotyped using direct sequencing in 200 gastric cancer patients and 200 gender- and age-matched cancer-free controls. The 4-year survival curve was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test for each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site. We measured the promoter activity of the -443 T → C polymorphism using a dual luciferase reporter assay.

Result
For the variant at nt -443 (CC), there was a significant difference between the number of patients with stage IV and those with stage I gastric cancer (IA + IB; P = 0.014) and between those with stage IV and all other stages of gastric cancer (IA + IB + II + III; P = 0.02). For the variant at nt -443 (CT), there was a significant difference between the number of gastric cancer patients with stage IV and those with stage II (P = 0.013). The survival rates for patients with the C/C genotype were significantly lower than for patients with the other two genotypes (C/T, T/T). Moreover, significantly higher luciferase activities were observed in the pGL3-C construct compared to the pGL3-T construct.

Conclusions
This study provides the first evidence that variation at nt -443 in the OPN promoter increases the potential for gastric cancer metastasis and subsequent death in the Chinese population.
Intestinal Spirochetosis mimicking inflammatory bowel disease in children
Authors: Helbling Rossana , Osterheld Maria-Chiara , Vaudaux Bernard , Jaton Katia , Nydegger Andreas 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Intestinal spirochetosis is an unusual infection in children and its clinical significance in humans is uncertain. The presence of these microorganisms in humans is well-known since the late 1800’s and was first described in 1967 by Harland and Lee by electron microscopy.

Case presentation
This article reports the findings of one pediatric case, review of the current literature, and an overview of therapeutic options.

Conclusion
A high degree of suspicion is required in cases presenting with abdominal pain, chronic diarrhoea and/or hematochezia associated with a normal endoscopic examination, thus emphasizing the importance of multiple biopsies throughout the colon.
Systematic review of studies evaluating the broader economic impact of vaccination in low and middle income countries
Authors: Deogaonkar Rohan , Hutubessy Raymond , van der Putten Inge , Evers Silvia , Jit Mark 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Most health economic evaluations of childhood vaccination only capture the health and short-term economic benefits. Measuring broader, long-term effects of vaccination on productivity and externalities could provide a more complete picture of the value of vaccines.

Method
MEDLINE, EconLit and NHS-EED databases were searched for articles published between January 1990 and July 2011, which captured broader economic benefits of vaccines in low and middle income countries. Studies were included if they captured at least one of the following categories on broader economic impact: outcome-related productivity gains, behaviour-related productivity gains, ecological externalities, equity gains, financial sustainability gains or macroeconomic benefits.

Results
Twenty-six relevant studies were found, including observational studies, economic models and contingent valuation studies. Of the identified broader impacts, outcome-related productivity gains and ecological externalities were most commonly accounted for. No studies captured behaviour-related productivity gains or macroeconomic effects. There was some evidence to show that vaccinated children 8–14 years of age benefit from increased cognitive ability. Productivity loss due to morbidity and mortality was generally measured using the human capital approach. When included, herd immunity effects were functions of coverage rates or based on reduction in disease outcomes. External effects of vaccines were observed in terms of equitable health outcomes and contribution towards synergistic and financially sustainable healthcare programs.

Conclusion
Despite substantial variation in the methods of measurement and outcomes used, the inclusion of broader economic impact was found to improve the attractiveness of vaccination. Further research is needed on how different tools and techniques can be used in combination to capture the broader impact of vaccination in a way that is consistent with other health economic evaluations. In addition, more country level evidence is needed from low and middle income countries to justify future investments in vaccines and immunization programs. Finally, the proposed broader economic impact framework may contribute towards better communication of the economic arguments surrounding vaccine uptake, leading to investments in immunization by stakeholders outside of the traditional health care sector such as ministries of finance and national treasuries.
Solution-based targeted genomic enrichment for precious DNA samples
Authors: Shearer Aiden Eliot , Hildebrand Michael S , Smith Richard JH 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Solution-based targeted genomic enrichment (TGE) protocols permit selective sequencing of genomic regions of interest on a massively parallel scale. These protocols could be improved by: 1) modifying or eliminating time consuming steps; 2) increasing yield to reduce input DNA and excessive PCR cycling; and 3) enhancing reproducible.

Results
We developed a solution-based TGE method for downstream Illumina sequencing in a non-automated workflow, adding standard Illumina barcode indexes during the post-hybridization amplification to allow for sample pooling prior to sequencing. The method utilizes Agilent SureSelect baits, primers and hybridization reagents for the capture, off-the-shelf reagents for the library preparation steps, and adaptor oligonucleotides for Illumina paired-end sequencing purchased directly from an oligonucleotide manufacturing company.

Conclusions
This solution-based TGE method for Illumina sequencing is optimized for small- or medium-sized laboratories and addresses the weaknesses of standard protocols by reducing the amount of input DNA required, increasing capture yield, optimizing efficiency, and improving reproducibility.
Structure of human aspartyl aminopeptidase complexed with substrate analogue: insight into catalytic mechanism, substrate specificity and M18 peptidase family
Authors: Chaikuad Apirat , Pilka Ewa S , De Riso Antonio , von Delft Frank , Kavanagh Kathryn L , Vénien-Bryan Catherine , Oppermann Udo , Yue Wyatt W 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Backround
Aspartyl aminopeptidase (DNPEP), with specificity towards an acidic amino acid at the N-terminus, is the only mammalian member among the poorly understood M18 peptidases. DNPEP has implicated roles in protein and peptide metabolism, as well as the renin-angiotensin system in blood pressure regulation. Despite previous enzyme and substrate characterization, structural details of DNPEP regarding ligand recognition and catalytic mechanism remain to be delineated.

Results
The crystal structure of human DNPEP complexed with zinc and a substrate analogue aspartate-β-hydroxamate reveals a dodecameric machinery built by domain-swapped dimers, in agreement with electron microscopy data. A structural comparison with bacterial homologues identifies unifying catalytic features among the poorly understood M18 enzymes. The bound ligands in the active site also reveal the coordination mode of the binuclear zinc centre and a substrate specificity pocket for acidic amino acids.

Conclusions
The DNPEP structure provides a molecular framework to understand its catalysis that is mediated by active site loop swapping, a mechanism likely adopted in other M18 and M42 metallopeptidases that form dodecameric complexes as a self-compartmentalization strategy. Small differences in the substrate binding pocket such as shape and positive charges, the latter conferred by a basic lysine residue, further provide the key to distinguishing substrate preference. Together, the structural knowledge will aid in the development of enzyme-/family-specific aminopeptidase inhibitors.