bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid screening of potential autophagic inductor agents using mammalian cell lines
Authors: Martins Waleska K. , Severino Divinomar , Souza Cleidiane , Stolf Beatriz S. , Baptista Maurício S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRecent progress in understanding the molecular basis of autophagy has demonstrated its importance in several areas of human health. Affordable screening techniques with higher sensitivity and specificity to identify autophagy are, however, needed to move the field forward. In fact, only laborious and/or expensive methodologies such as electron microscopy, dye‐staining of autophagic vesicles, and LC3‐II immunoblotting or immunoassaying are available for autophagy identification. Aiming to fulfill this technical gap, we describe here the association of three widely used assays to determine cell viability – Crystal Violet staining (CVS), 3‐[4, 5‐dimethylthiaolyl]‐2, 5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction, and neutral red uptake (NRU) – to predict autophagic cell death in vitro. The conceptual framework of the method is the superior uptake of NR in cells engaging in autophagy. NRU was then weighted by the average of MTT reduction and CVS allowing the calculation of autophagic arbitrary units (AAU), a numeric variable that correlated specifically with the autophagic cell death. The proposed strategy is very useful for drug discovery, allowing the investigation of potential autophagic inductor agents through a rapid screening using mammalian cell lines B16‐F10, HaCaT, HeLa, MES‐SA, and MES‐SA/Dx5 in a unique single microplate.
Human mesenchymal stem cells from the umbilical cord matrix: Successful isolation and ex vivo expansion using serum‐/xeno‐free culture media
Authors: Simões Irina N. , Boura Joana S. , dos Santos Francisco , Andrade Pedro Z. , Cardoso Carla M. P. , Gimble Jeffrey M. , da Silva Cláudia L. , Cabral Joaquim M. S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) could potentially be applied in therapeutic settings due to their multilineage differentiation ability, immunomodulatory properties, as well as their trophic activity. The umbilical cord matrix (UCM) represents a promising source of MSC for biomedical applications. The number of cells isloated per umbilical cord (UC) unit is limited and ex vivo expansion is imperative in order to reach clinically meaningful cell numbers. The limitations of poorly defined reagents (e.g. fetal bovine serum, which is commonly used as a supplement for human MSC expansion) make the use of serum‐/xeno‐free conditions mandatory. We demonstrated the feasibility of isolating UCM‐MSC by plastic adherence using serum‐/xeno‐free culture medium following enzymatic digestion of UCs, with a 100% success rate. 2.6 ± 0.21 × 105 cells were isolated per UC unit, of which 1.9 ± 0.21 × 105 were MSC‐like cells expressing CD73, CD90, and CD105. When compared to adult sources (bone marrow‐derived MSC and adipose‐derived stem/stromal cells), UCM‐MSC displayed a similar immunophenotype and similar multilineage differentiation ability, while demonstrating a higher expansion potential (average fold increase of 7.4 for serum‐containing culture medium and 11.0 for xeno‐free culture medium (P3‐P6)). The isolation and expansion of UCM‐MSC under defined serum‐/xeno‐free conditions contributes to safer and more effective MSC cellular products, boosting the usefulness of MSC in cellular therapy and tissue engineering.
Terminal Redox‐Site Effect on the Long‐Range Electron Conduction of Fe(tpy)2 Oligomer Wires on a Gold Electrode
Authors: Katagiri Shunsuke , Sakamoto Ryota , Maeda Hiroaki , Nishimori Yoshihiko , Kurita Tomochika , Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article completes our comprehensive understanding of the electron transport properties of our original π‐conjugated redox‐active molecular wires comprising Fe bridged by p‐phenylene linkers (tpy=2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine). The Fe(tpy)2 oligomer wires comprise three types of tpy ligands: the anchor tpy ligand (A series) makes a junction between the wire and electrode, the bridging bis‐tpy ligand (L series) connects the Fe(tpy)2 units, and the terminal tpy ligand (T series) possesses a redox site as a probe for the long‐range electron transport ability. Taking advantage of the precise tunability of the composition of the Fe(tpy)2 oligomer wires, thus far we investigated how A and L impacted on the electron‐transport ability. The excellent long‐range electron transport ability with ultrasmall attenuation constants (βd, 0.002 Å−1 as the minimum) depends on L significantly [Chem. Asian J. 2009, 4, 1361], whereas A is unrelated to the βd value, but influences the zero‐distance electron‐transfer rate constant, ket0 [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 4524]. Herein we study the influence of terminal ligand Tx (x=1–3). βd is independent of T, however, T3, with a cyclometallated Ru complex as the redox site, gives rise to a ket0 value greater than T1 and T2 with ferrocene. This series of simple but definitive conclusions indicates that we have reached the stage of being able to precisely design molecular wires to attain desirable single‐molecule electron conduction.
Modeling ALD Surface Reaction and Process Dynamics using Absolute Reaction Rate Theory
Authors: Travis Curtisha D. , Adomaitis Raymond A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA physically based model of atomic layer deposition (ALD) surface reaction dynamics is developed and applied to alumina ALD with water and trimethylaluminum precursors. The time‐dependent growth surface composition is modeled by computing the equilibrium precursor adduct surface concentrations during each half‐reaction and the rate constants of the ligand exchange reactions using transition state theory. To describe the continuous cyclic operation of the deposition reaction system, a numerical procedure to discretize limit‐cycle solutions is developed and used to distinguish saturating growth per cycle (GPC) from non‐saturating (gpc) conditions. The transition between the two regimes is studied as a function of precursor partial pressure, exposure time, and temperature.
Genetic variability and structure of the water voleArvicola amphibiusacross four metapopulations in northern Norway
Authors: Melis Claudia , Borg Åsa Alexandra , Jensen Henrik , Bjørkvoll Eirin , Ringsby Thor H. , Sæther Bernt‐Erik 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWater voleArvicola amphibiuspopulations have recently experienced severe decline in several European countries as a consequence of both reduction in suitable habitat and the establishment of the alien predator American minkNeovison vison. We usedDNAmicrosatellite markers to describe the genetic structure of 14 island populations of water vole off the coast of northern Norway. We looked at intra‐ and inter‐population levels of genetic variation and examined the effect of distance among pairs of populations on genetic differentiation (isolation by distance). We found a high level of genetic differentiation (measured byFST) among populations overall as well as between all pairs of populations. The genetic differentiation between populations was positively correlated with geographic distance between them. A clustering analysis grouped individuals into 7 distinct clusters and showed the presence of 3 immigrants among them. Our results suggest a small geographic scale for evolutionary and population dynamic processes in our water vole populations.
Spin Crossover – Quo Vadis?
Authors: Gütlich Philipp 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis retrospective essay is an attempt to span the bridge over eight decades of research on spin crossover (SCO), one of the most fascinating dynamic electron structure phenomena of inorganic coordination chemistry. The occurrence of SCO compounds of 3d transition metal ions and their characterization regarding magnetic, optical, vibrational, structural, and thermodynamic properties are briefly addressed. Selected case studies of chemical influences and physical effects (pressure, magnetic field, light) on SCO behavior are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the importance of Mössbauer spectroscopy in SCO studies. Light‐induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST) and related photophysical phenomena involving SCO compounds are briefly highlighted. The remarkable instrumental improvements over the years and the amazing widespread developments in synthesizing new SCO compounds up to multifunctional materials currently in the foreground of SCO research are brought to light in a state‐of‐the‐art summary. New directions, primarily towards applications, are mentioned.
Cyclopropenone‐Catalyzed Direct Conversion of Aldoximes and Primary Amides into Nitriles
Authors: Rai Ankita , Yadav Lal Dhar S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEfficient conversion of aldoximes and primary amides into nitriles by employing cyclopropenone as an organocatalyst is reported. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions with 5 mol‐% catalyst loading to afford nitriles in excellent yields (78–94 %) in a single operation. This method is equally applicable to both aldoximes and primary amides bearing aromatic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic moieties. The convenient and catalytic procedure widens the scope of the utilization of cyclopropenones in organic synthesis.
Ion Exchange Behavior of Polypyrrole Doped with Large Anions in Electrolytes Containing Mono‐ and Divalent Mmetal Ions
Authors: Latonen Rose‐Marie , Akieh Marceline N. , Vavra Kevin , Bobacka Johan , Ivaska Ari 
Published: February 2013

AbstractElectrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance was used to investigate the ion exchange behavior of polypyrrole (PPy) films doped with multicharged sulfated β‐cyclodextrin (βCD) or 4‐sulfonic calix[6]arene (C6S) immersed in 0.1 M KNO3, Ca(NO3)2 and Mn(NO3)2. The PPy films showed mixed ion exchange behavior in KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 solutions, but the ion exchange behavior was more cationic in Mn(NO3)2. In all cases, ion pair formation was observed between cations from the electrolyte and the negatively charged sulfonate groups of the dopant anions. It was also observed that the PPy films became more swollen in Mn(NO3)2 solution than in the other electrolytes.
The influence of salinity on acute nickel toxicity to the two euryhaline fish species, Fundulus heteroclitus and Kryptolebias marmoratus
Authors: Bielmyer Gretchen K. , DeCarlo Carri , Morris Cameron , Carrigan Thomas 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Nickel (Ni) is a common pollutant found in aquatic environments and may be harmful at elevated concentrations. Increasing salinity has been shown to decrease the bioavailability and toxicity of other metals to aquatic organisms. In the present study, acute Ni toxicity experiments (96-h) were conducted at various salinities (0–36 ppt) to determine the effects of salinity on Ni toxicity to 2 euryhaline fish species, Kryptolebias marmoratus and Fundulus heteroclitus. Nickel concentrations causing lethality to 50% of the fish ranged from 2 mg/L in moderately hard freshwater to 66.6 mg/L in 36 ppt saltwater. Nickel toxicity to F. heteroclitus decreased linearly with increasing salinity; however, Ni toxicity to K. marmoratus was only lowered by salinities above 6 ppt, demonstrating potential physiological differences between the 2 species when they are functioning as freshwater fish. Furthermore, the authors investigated the influence of Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, and Cl– on Ni toxicity to F. heteroclitus. Freshwater with up to 120 mg/L Ca2+ as CaSO4, 250 mg/L Mg2+ as MgSO4, or 250 mg/L Na+ as NaHCO3 did not provide protection against Ni toxicity. Alternatively, 250 mg/L Na+, as NaCl, was protective against Ni toxicity; and the extent of protection was similar to that demonstrated from salt water with the same Cl– concentration. These results suggest that Cl– is the predominant ion responsible for reducing Ni toxicity to K. marmoratus and F. heteroclitus in higher salinity waters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1354–1359. © 2013 SETAC
On the performance of shared access control strategy for femtocells
Authors: Magableh Amer M. , Radaydeh Redha M. , Alouini Mohamed‐Slim 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTFemtocells can be employed in cellular systems to enhance the indoor coverage, especially in the areas with high capacity growing demands and high traffic rates. In this paper, we propose an efficient resource utilization protocol, named as shared access protocol (SAP), to enable the unauthorized macrocell user equipment to communicate with partially closed‐access femtocell base station to improve and enhance the system performance.The system model considers a femtocell that is equipped with a total of N separated antennas or channels to multiplex independent traffic. Then, a set of N1 channels is used for closed access only by the authorized users, and the remaining set of channel resources can be used for open access by either authorized or unauthorized users upon their demands and spatial locations. For this system model, we obtain the signal‐to‐interference ratio characteristics, such as the distribution and the moment generating function, in closed forms for two fading models of indoor and outdoor environments. The signal‐to‐interference ratio statistics are then used to derive some important performance measures of the proposed SAP in closed form, such as the average bit error rate, outage probability, and average channel capacity for the two fading models under consideration. Numerical results for the obtained expressions are provided and supported by Monte Carlo simulations to validate the analytical development and study the effectiveness of the proposed SAP under different conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tetraheterodecalin Podands, Their Linkers, and Resulting Macrocycles: A Hoard of Constitutionally and Stereochemically Dynamic Systems
Authors: Fuchs Benzion 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDiscoveries involving the formation, structure, and behavior of an exciting class of compounds, 1,3,5,7‐cis‐tetraheterodecalins, are reviewed. These compounds are rich in free electrons and exhibit concave structures. The tetraoxa‐ and dioxadiaza‐ members of this class of compounds comprise the underframe of various podand structures, which, along with suitable polyhetero linkers, constitute the building blocks of an entire series of unique classes of macro‐ and gigantocyclic compounds, capable of cation inclusion and catalytic behavior. In the works presented here, a recurring theme is the pursuit of a fundamental understanding and judicious utilization of the dynamic chemical and stereochemical features of compounds derived from 1,3,5,7‐cis‐tetraheterodecalins, most of which are members of dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs).
A Dynamic Multicomponent Approach for One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Thioisoindolinones
Authors: Sakulsombat Morakot , Angelin Marcus , Caraballo Rémi , Ramström Olof 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA dynamic multicomponent reaction concept has been successfully applied to the syntheses of 3‐thioisoindolinones and tricyclic γ‐lactams. The reactions were efficiently designed and operated in the absence of any catalyst under mild reaction conditions, resulting in the convenient variation of substituents on the N‐ and S‐positions of the target products.
Combined effects of water temperature and nutrients concentration on periphyton respiration – implications of global change
Authors: Rosa João , Ferreira Verónica , Canhoto Cristina , Graça Manuel A. S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWith the increase in global mean surface temperature predicted for the near future, stream water temperature will also increase. Simultaneously, water quality is likely to decrease (e.g., due to increases in nutrient and pollutant concentrations). The objective of this study was to evaluate the individual and combined effects of increases in water temperature and nutrients concentration on periphyton respiration, as a surrogate for stream metabolism. Stones naturally colonized with periphyton in an unpolluted mountain stream in Central Portugal were sampled seasonally over a year, and incubated in the laboratory under two water temperatures (ambient and 4°C elevated) and two nutrients concentration levels (ambient and ∼6× higher inorganic dissolved nitrogen, ∼2× higher soluble reactive phosphorous concentrations). Overall, increases in water temperature stimulated periphyton respiration to a larger extent than did increases in nutrients concentration. In spring, the simultaneous increase in water temperature and nutrients concentration stimulated periphyton respiration beyond expected from the individual effect of each factor. These results indicate that synergistic interactions between factors might occur under certain environmental conditions, suggesting that care should be taken when predicting the combined effect of changes in multiple factors from their individual effects. The observed stimulation of periphyton respiration promoted by increased temperature and nutrients concentration can lead to changes in streams carbon budgets, with a positive feedback for global warming, as more CO2 might be released to the atmosphere.
Scorecard Sustainability: Discovering the Inflection Point for Business Scorecard Termination or Major Alteration
Authors: Carr Lawrence P. , Gratton Suzanne 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWhy do many balanced scorecard implementations ultimately fail, and how can managers recognize when a scorecard program is in jeopardy? This article points out several warning signs‐inflection points‐to help managers manage balanced scorecard programs from their design through to imple‐mentation and use over time. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corporate Governance: Does One Size Fit All?
Authors: Anderson Anne‐Marie , Gupta Parveen P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA variety of corporate governance practices have been adopted by various world regulators in the past 20 years. Unfortunately, the evidence suggests that mandating corporate governance practices and corporations' voluntarily use of Anglo‐Saxon practices both seem to lead to suboptimal firm performance, whether those practices are principle based, as in the British system, or rules based, as in the American system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polarizable simulations with second order interaction model (POSSIM) force field: Developing parameters for protein side‐chain analogues
Authors: Li Xinbi , Ponomarev Sergei Y. , Sa Qina , Sigalovsky Daniel L. , Kaminski George A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA previously introduced polarizable simulations with second‐order interaction model (POSSIM) force field has been extended to include parameters for small molecules serving as models for peptide and protein side‐chains. Parameters have been fitted to permit reproducing many‐body energies, gas‐phase dimerization energies, and geometries and liquid‐phase heats of vaporization and densities. Quantum mechanical and experimental data have been used as the target for the fitting. The POSSIM framework combines accuracy of a polarizable force field and computational efficiency of the second‐order approximation of the full‐scale induced point dipole polarization formalism. The resulting parameters can be used for simulations of the parameterized molecules themselves or their analogues. In addition to this, these force field parameters are currently being used in further development of the POSSIM fast polarizable force field for proteins. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Authenticity and the Other: Coleadership in Arts Organizations
Authors: MacNeill Kate , Tonks Ann , Reynolds Sarah 
Published: February 2013

AbstractColeadership as a form of management structure has emerged in financial and technological companies, yet remains under researched in the wider management literature. Although regarded as a relatively recent phenomenon, models of coleadership are common in arts organizations because of the dual nature of activities within such organizations: an organization management function and an artistic creation function. Coleadership is particularly common in the management structure of performing arts organizations where a general manager and artistic director may have very separate responsibilities but share the leadership role for the overall organization. Based on interviews with the general managers and artistic directors of performing arts companies in Australia, this research examines the relationship between authentic leadership and coleadership. Detailed analysis of these interviews reveals that the interviewees in the six coleadership arrangements examined displayed characteristics of authentic leadership.
Formalized Program Review: An Evolution
Authors: Ritch Stephen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFrom the beginning, the same or similar opportunities and concerns have arisen at each step in International Leadership Association (ILA)–sponsored conversations and actions related to guidelines, standards, and accreditation of leadership education programs in higher education. Opportunities include increased legitimacy, program development, and more robust responses to external accreditation requirements. Concerns include dampening autonomy and creativity, skepticism that such a diverse field could be evaluated by a common program review model, increased bureaucratization, and, with regard to external review, ethical concerns.Because these conversations and actions have occurred over the past 8 years and have culminated most recently with preliminary recommendations of the ILA's Task Force on Formalized Program Review, we can learn from the history of the debates around these issues and the solutions that were derived to address them. The most salient of these solutions is found in the logic of the process order of Guiding Questions: Guidelines for Leadership Education Programs. The first step in Guiding Questions is for program faculty to produce a written conceptual framework that is grounded not only in theory but also in the context of the institution, college, and department. This should preserve local autonomy and creativity. Further, emphasis for evaluation purposes on program content, teaching and learning methods, and assessment and outcomes measures that are coherent and consistent with these locally derived conceptual frameworks should allow broad application across the diversity of the field. Local control should also minimize bureaucratization and help mitigate ethical concerns.The trend is toward increasing support for formalized program review. Concerns as well as opportunities remain. However, others, including external accrediting organizations and institutional effectiveness offices, should not be determining the terms of our legitimacy and accountability. We must do that for ourselves. Building on what we have learned over the past 8 years shows the way forward.