bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Web Application for TSP Travel Route System Methodology: An Experimental
Authors: Sibaroni Yuliant , . Fitriyani , Nhita Fhira 
Published: July 2024

The shortest route in tourism application has been developed by some researchers. Generally, the focus of research in comparison some method in obtaining the shortest route between two locations. All these research is useful to find the optimal route between two locations that contains one origin place and one destination place. But when the number of destination places is bigger than one, all these research become un-useful. In tourism, TSP travel route is important for the traveler of the group especially when they want to visit some destination travel locations in a one-day trip.Â The optimal TSP travel route can make the traveler of a group plan their traveling optimally.Â Google as a big company in web service has provided well environment to develop TSP travel route efficiently. In this research, we want to test the feasibility of TSP travel route application that developed by using google service. The TSP travel route that was produced by using google service then compared with TSP solution by manual computation. The experiment result shows that TSP travel route application based on google service can give similar travel route recommendation as manual computation based on shortest distance. This application is feasible but only in small scale. In large scale, development of system including real map and streets, special computation function for distance matrix and TSP solution have to built by our self.Â
Evaluating the Effect of Air Voids and Asphalt Content on the Mechanical Properties of HMA by Adopting Indirect Tensile Strength Test
Authors: K. Razzaq Ahlam , Ali Hussain Nibras , Jalo Mohammed Hasan Hussein 
Published: July 2024

Dampness harm in black-top blends can be characterized as the misfortune in quality and strength because of the nearness of water. Iraq street arrange is indicating extreme decay, for example, raveling and stripping in light of the fact that the bond among totals and black-top film is broken because of water interruption. To limit dampness harm, black-top blends are examined to assess the impact of air voids, level of immersion, percent of black-top substance and the molding time frame.A few research center tests has been directed amid this examination included Marshall solidness test included steadiness and stream, held Marshall dependability , backhanded rigidity IDT and versatile modulus of black-top blends. Besides, the work demands bookkeeping of voids in complete blend percent VTM, voids recorded with black-top VFA, voids in mineral total VMA and level of immersion notwithstanding elasticity proportion TSR.The outcomes demonstrated that both the level of immersion and the compaction exertion would prompted quicken the decay in hot blend black-top execution and its impervious to dampness harm. A few equations would make in this examination to foresee rigidity proportion from level of immersion for any black-top substance. Â Â
“Just for the Sake of Comparison”. Some Thoughts on Batchelor’s Linguistic Skills and the Validity of His Ainu Language Data
Authors: De la Fuente José Andrés Alonso 
Published: July 2024

When describing John Batchelor’s Ainu language data, it is a trope in the field to dismiss them out of hand due to Batchelor’s lack of linguistic training. Some specialists, however, consider such a statement an exaggeration. Whereas it is undeniable that the Ainu texts composed by Batchelor for indoctrination purposes are less than satisfactory, excerpts of oral tradition recorded by him (or under his supervision) are as good as those which have been gathered in more recent times in full agreement with contemporary linguistic conventions. In order to show that this is indeed the case, the author compares the text of an oral composition which has come down to us in two versions: one by Batchelor, the other by Bronisław Piłsudski. It turns out that both versions are virtually the same. Since Piłsudski’s linguistic skills have been universally praised (and rightly so), it naturally follows that there exist instances like the present one when Batchelor’s Ainu language data must be approached with more respect than it is usually done.
Evolution characteristics of calcareous sand force chain based on particle breakage
Authors: Chen Bin , Xia Junjie , Lu Yiwei , Zhang Geping , Liu Qinghua , Hu Jieming , Han Zijian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Calcareous sand is easily broken under external force, which brings great difficulties to island reef engineering. Based on the particle flow program, a discrete element model that can reproduce the results of laboratory tests is established, the large principal stress method is introduced to identify the particle force chain, and the bond strength between particles is increased to obtain an unbreakable model with the same initial conditions, and different confining pressures are compared and analyzed. The evolution law of the force chain of the following two models establishes a macro-meso cross-scale analysis in the deformation process of calcareous sand, explores the internal mechanism of the crushing of calcareous sand particles. The results show that particle breakage plays an important role in the evolution of the force chain. Particle breakage will reduce the probability of the force chain on both sides of the axis, forcing the probability of the axial force chain to rise steadily. The macroscopic deviatoric stress is the external manifestation of the probability of the axial force chain on the meso level. The faster the probability of the force chain in the direction of the potential shear band increases, the more obvious the shear band is.
Detecting differentially expressed genes from RNA-seq data using fuzzy clustering
Authors: Ando Yuki , Shimokawa Asanao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A two-group comparison test is generally performed on RNA sequencing data to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs). However, the accuracy of this method is low due to the small sample size. To address this, we propose a method using fuzzy clustering that artificially generates data with expression patterns similar to those of DEGs to identify genes that are highly likely to be classified into the same cluster as the initial cluster data. The proposed method is advantageous in that it does not perform any test. Furthermore, a certain level of accuracy can be maintained even when the sample size is biased, and we show that such a situation may improve the accuracy of the proposed method. We compared the proposed method with the conventional method using simulations. In the simulations, we changed the sample size and difference between the expression levels of group 1 and group 2 in the DEGs to obtain the desired accuracy of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is superior in all cases under the conditions simulated. We also show that the effect of the difference between group 1 and group 2 on the accuracy is more prominent when the sample size is biased.
III. The Price of Iconoclasm: Liability and the Reparation of Churches in the Work of Petrus Peckius (1529–1589)
Authors: Silva Ana Luiza Ferreira Gomes 
Published: July 2024

Summary
This paper analyzes the juridical issues concerning the material reparation of churches and sacred objects after the Iconoclastic Fury in 1566–1567, based on the works of Petrus Peckius (1529–1589). The Fury left an unprecedented path of destruction in many towns of the Low Countries. It presented society not only with political and religious challenges but also with a myriad of legal ones. As a Leuven law professor in this time of chaos, Peckius published the treatise “De sacrosanctis et catholicis Christi ecclesiis reparandis ac reficiendis” (1573). Peckius’ take on the theme reveals an intricate analysis of the varied circumstances of destruction, the means of funding the repairs, and the liability of different actors – from the perpetrators of the destruction themselves to the prelate, the parishioners, and even town magistrates. After an initial overview of the Iconoclastic Fury and a brief biographical note on Peckius and his works, this paper will present Peckius’ ideas in a ‘timeline’ of three phases: going, respectively, from the assessment of damages and planning the extent of restoration; to considerations on liability; and, finally, to the juridical means of enforcement. Along with each phase, we provide critical reflections on Peckius’ influences and positions in the context of the Iconoclastic Fury.
VII. ‚Protestantische Freiheit‘ und konservative Repräsentationsmodelle
Authors: Achtelstetter Laura C. 
Published: July 2024

Summary
The article examines the genesis of Prussian Conservatism in general and its models of representation rooting in a concept of ‘Protestant freedom’ in particular. By focusing on Conservatives’ adaption of concepts of party and freedom in the first half of the nineteenth century, the article shows that conservative adaption of contemporary political language and concepts was not a mere attempt of regaining dominance in public discourse but was rooted in specific concepts of Christian and Protestant thought. The article shows that conservative models of representation and participation are primarily not motivated by an opposition to liberal political thought but first of all the result of a politicisation of religious thought.
XI. Die erste Generalsynode der Evangelischen Landeskirche in Preußen 1846 als protoparlamentarischer Lernort
Authors: Pyta Wolfram 
Published: July 2024

Summary
The paper shows that the Prussian General Synod of 1846 was a learning ground in which oratory practices were tested that parliamentarism in Prussia would take up. The General Synod created oratorical procedures that fostered the development of a consensus-based communication regime. At the same time, the General Synod tested a culture of debate that became decisive for parliamentary debate in Prussia. Formats of synodal negotiation created the speech-cultural basis for later working parliamentarism. This was also due to the influence of the presbyterial-synodal traditions that the two western provinces of Prussia brought to the synodal negotiations. This cultural transfer from West to East succeeded above all because Rhenish synod members – such as the Bonn theology professor Nitzsch – left their mark on the deliberations of the General Synod.
ПРОБЛЕМИ КЕРУВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСОМ ГОРІННЯ В РДТП ЗАДОПОМОГОЮ ЗВУКОВИХ КОЛИВАНЬ
Authors: Kozin V.S. 
Published: July 2024

Дана стаття відноситься до ракетно-космічної техніки, а саме до ракетних двигунів твердого палива. Проблема керування роботою ракетного двигуна твердого палива і сьогодні є актуальною. В статті розглядається питання управління процесом горіння в каналі заряду твердопаливного ракетного двигуна за допомогою ультразвуку. Активний вплив ультразвуку на фізичні процеси, що впливає на їх перебіг, обумовлено здебільшого нелінійними ефектами у звуковому полі і для цього використовуються саме поперечні хвилі. Розглянуто вплив повздовжніх та поперечних ультразвукових коливань у камері згоряння РДТП. Повздовжні хвилі стиснення, що підвищують тиск і збільшують швидкість горіння, підвищують акустичну нестійкість, а поперечні хвилі, що активують випаровування перхлорату амонію з поверхні твердого ракетного палива, також збільшують швидкість горіння, але вдвічі менше швидкостей повздовжніх хвиль. Запропонована схема введення ультразвукового хвилевода-випромінювача в канал заряду РДТП. Проведена числова оцінка інтенсивності проходження ультразвукової хвилі через газове середовище продуктів згоряння РДТП, хвилевий опір цього середовища, через яке проходить звукова хвиля, коефіцієнтів проходження звукового тиску та пропускання енергії. Отримані числові значення вказаних величин задовільно узгоджуються з результатами інших літературних джерел. Отримані результати можуть бути використані в подальших дослідженнях процесів демпфування коливань тиску при високочастотній нестійкості роботи РДТТ та визначення межі можливого застосування закону горіння при високих частотах пульсацій тиску в камері згоряння. Результати статті можуть бути використані при проектуванні нових ракетних двигунних установок на твердому паливі.
PENGELOLAAN KEGIATAN KEPRAMUKAAN PRA SIAGA DALAM SETTING KELAS INKLUSIF DI TK AR RAHMAH KOTA TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Listiana Widya Luria , Mulyadi Sima , Elan Elan 
Published: July 2024

berkebutuhan khusus, berhak atas pendidikan yang layak. Pendidikan inklusif didasari oleh persamaan hak dalam suatu lingkungan belajar yang sama antara anak berkebutuhan khusus serta anak normal pada suatu sekolah umum. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pramuka pra siaga dapat dilaksanakan sebagai bagian dari kurikulum merdeka yaitu pengutan profil pelajar pancasila. Oleh sebab itu dibutuhkanlah suatu penelitian mengenai kegiatan kepramukaan dalam setting kelas inklusif sebagai solusi bagi para pendidik dalam melaksanakan pengelolaan pembejaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengelolaan pembelajaran dalam setting kelas inklusif pada kegiatan pramuka pra siaga. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa wawancara, observasi serta studi dokumentasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru kelas, guru pendamping khusus serta orang tua peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: penyusunan RPPH dalam setting kelas inklusif pada dasarnya sama dengan RPPH di sekolah regular; penyusunan Individual Education Program (IEP) dalam kelas inklusif dirancang oleh guru pendamping khusus yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan peserta didik; Pelaksanaan kelas inklusif anak berkebutuhan khusus didampingi oleh GPK agar proses pembelajaran berlangsung efektif; Education is the most important aspect in a child's growth. Every child, including those with special needs, has the right to a proper education. Inclusive education is based on equal rights in an equal learning environment between children with special needs and normal children in a public school. The implementation of pre-standby scout activities can be carried out as part of the independent curriculum, namely strengthening the profile of Pancasila students. Therefore, research is needed on scouting activities in inclusive classroom settings as a solution for educators in implementing learning management. This study aims to determine the management of learning in inclusive classroom settings in pre-standby scout activities. The method used in this research is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used are in the form of interviews, observation and documentation studies. The subjects in this study were class teachers, special companion teachers and parents of students. The results of the study show that: the preparation of RPPH in an inclusive class setting is basically the same as RPPH in regular schools; preparation of an Individual Education Program (IEP) in an inclusive class designed by a special accompanying teacher that is tailored to the needs of students; Implementation of inclusive classes for children with special needs accompanied by GPK so that the learning process takes place effectively;
SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL DOS BOMBEIROS MILITARES DE UMA METRÓPOLE DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Do Espírito Santo Rafael Reis , Muniz Caldas Cezar Augusto 
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Analisar as evidências de saúde ocupacional relacionado aos bombeiros militares da Região Metropolitana de Belém do Pará. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação dos questionários WHOQOL-bref, MBI e Questionário Sociodemográfico/Ocupacional. Foram realizados testes G e Qui-Quadrado Aderência para tabelas univariadas. Resultados: Dentre os 275 BMs entrevistados, houve maior prevalência do sexo masculino (89,8%), sendo 72,7% da amostra pertencente ao grupo dos casados ou em união estável. A faixa etária compreendida entre os 31-40 anos (39,6%) foi a mais prevalente e o nível de escolaridade mais frequente foi o superior completo (52,4%). O Whoqol-Bref, demonstrou que há predomínio de Qualidade de vida classificada como boa (52%), porém mostram-se com os domínios Físico (77,8%), Meio ambiente (73,5%), Psicológico (72,7%) e Relações sociais (45,8%) regulares. A Síndrome de Burnout começa a se instalar em 47,3% dos BMs participantes da pesquisa, bem como notou-se cansaço emocional elevado (42,9%). A análise de correlação entre o MBI e o Questionário Sociodemográfico e Ocupacional, constatou que os BMs com menor formação, apresentam maior índice de Burnout (r=-0,2368; p<0,0001), da mesma forma como houve correlação negativa com a carga horária semanal de trabalho (r=-0,1335; p=0,0278) e o período de trabalho (r=-0,1526; p=0,0119). Houve significância estatística entre o domínio psicológico e a despersonalização (r= - 0,2651; p= <0,0001). Conclusão: BMs apresentaram vários aspectos de sua qualidade de vida como regular e Síndrome de Burnout em instalação, com ênfase no cansaço emocional elevado, decorrente do estresse ocupacional.
A prospective study of management of benign neck swellings at tertiary care centre
Authors: Pomal Parth V. , Bhalodiya Neena H. , Shah Chaitry K. , Nimavat Sharvil M. , Parmar Maitri D. , Gandhi Yash A. 
Published: July 2024

Background: Careful medical history and physical examination is must while evaluating neck swelling in which the patient’s age, the location, size, and duration of swelling are crucial points for diagnosis. The objectives of this study were to study the commonest cause of neck swelling in our tertiary hospital set up and to assess the common pathologies presenting as neck swellings in our region and their clinical, radiological and cytopathological correlation to understand the nature of the lesion and accuracy of the diagnostic tools in finding a definitive diagnosis and its respective management.
Methods: Total 100 patients from July 2019 to January 2021 of neck swelling were included in this prospective study. They were subjected to detailed clinical history, clinical examination, haematological and hormonal investigation, radiological and cytological investigations. Special investigations were done for some specific cases. Ultrasonography, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and histopathological examinations (HPE) were compared with each other to evaluate their accuracy as a diagnostic tool for neck swellings.
Results: During our study we found that for accurate diagnosis and treatment combined approach based on history, clinical examination, ultrasonography, FNAC and HPE followed by surgical and/or medical management is recommended. Thyroid swellings were most common entity found in neck swelling with female dominating benign neck swellings.
Conclusions: Although medical management has its own role in management of benign neck swelling, surgical management consists of treatment of choice.
Endoscopes as an alternative to microscopes for tympanoplasty: a comparative study
Authors: Kumar Pratik , Gulia Joginder Singh , Arora Nikhil , Kumar Bhavesh , Jangra Parmod 
Published: July 2024

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the results of endoscope assisted tympanoplasty with microscope assisted tympanoplasty.
Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted from January 2020 – September 2021 and included 60 patients of either sex in age group of 18-50 years having unilateral or bilateral inactive (mucosal) chronic otitis media with central perforation. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups comprising of 30 patients each. Group-A (n=30) patients underwent endoscope assisted tympanoplasty while group-B (n=30) patients underwent microscope assisted tympanoplasty.
Results: The overall graft take up rate in group-A and group-B was 93.33% and 96.67% respectively. In group-A, graft take-up was 90.90% in grade-IV perforations and 88.89% in grade-V perforations and graft take-up was 100% in grade-II and grade-III perforation. While in group-B, graft take-up was 91.67% for grade-III perforations, and 100% uptake was seen in grade-I, grade-IV and grade-V perforation. In group-A, pre-operative average air bone (AB) gap was 30.95 dB and post operatively it was 14.44 dB with an average hearing gain of 16.55dB while in group-B, the average pre-operative AB gap was 32.81dB and post-operative AB gap was 13.71dB with an average hearing gain of 19.11dB. Mean average time taken in group-A was 79.83±8.78 minutes, while in group-B it was 101.13±11.07 minutes. The average pain assessment score was 4.9 in group-A as compared to a score of 5.4 in group-B.
Conclusions: The results of endoscope assisted and microscope assisted tympanoplasty are comparable. The operating microscope and endoscope should be employed as per the patient’s requirement and surgeon’s expertise.
La protección del medio ambiente en situaciones de conflicto armado: implicaciones para la Unión Europea a raíz de la guerra de Ucrania
Authors: Bautista-Hernáez Andrés 
Published: July 2024

Aunque la política medioambiental de la Unión Europea se consagrase en los tratados hace décadas, no ha sido hasta los últimos años en que la Unión Europea ha afrontado con seriedad y logros esta materia, constituyéndose en verdadero baluarte de la protección del medio ambiente, incluido el cambio climático. El medio ambiente está indisolublemente asociado a la cuestión de seguridad nacional e internacional. Esto ha sido ejemplificado con el conflicto bélico entre Rusia y Ucrania de 2021. También ha supuesto una serie de amenazas y oportunidades a la seguridad medioambiental y energética europea y ha evidenciado su impacto en la acción exterior de la Unión. Este trabajo analiza dichas amenazas y las repuestas ofrecidas para reflexionar sobre el verdadero efecto del conflicto en la Unión Europea.
Recibido: 06 mayo 2024 Aceptado: 06 junio 2024
El sesgado desarrollo del convenio de Aarhus en la Unión Europea. ¿Justicia para el medioambiente?
Authors: Spada Jiménez Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Con el presente trabajo se cuestiona la existencia de una adecuada tutela judicial efectiva en materia de medioambiente con base en el desarrollo del Convenio de Aarhus, el cual no resulta armonioso por parte de los Estados Miembros. El trabajo se dispone a través de un planteamiento reflexivo sobre la existencia de un proceso óptimo ante la carencia de regulación del acceso a la justicia en la materia.
Recibido: 03 mayo 2024 Aceptado: 04 julio 2024
PRIMEIRO ELE, DEPOIS O RESTO: REPERCUSSÕES DA PATERNIDADE DE CRIANÇAS COM AUTISMO NA SAÚDE DOS HOMENS
Authors: Fonsêca Marcos Aurélio , Parreiras Laura de Araújo , Modena Celina Maria 
Published: July 2024

A paternidade produz mudanças e significados importantes na vida de um homem. As construções históricas e sociais forjaram modelos que dispensaram os homens de assumirem, integral ou parcialmente, as responsabilidades pelos cuidados de seus filhos. Este estudo, orientado pela abordagem qualitativa, teve o objetivo de compreender as relações entre o desempenho da paternidade e as repercussões na vida e na saúde dos homens que são pais de crianças com autismo, realçadas pelas subjetividades expressas durante o exercício dos diferentes papéis sociais, empregando Gênero como categoria central de análise, à luz das teorias pós-feministas e dos estudos sobre as masculinidades. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 32 homens, residentes em Minas Gerais, em abril e maio de 2023. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo temática para construir duas categorias: 1) Fragilidades, subterfúgios e superações; e 2) Prioridades, renúncias e apoios. Concluiu-se que os homens significaram positivamente a paternidade e mostraram engajamento nos cuidados dos filhos, sem exceção. Ao priorizar os filhos, eles vivenciaram efeitos em várias dimensões, quando abdicavam significativamente da própria saúde e dos cuidados de si. Eles relataram dificuldades de falar o que sentem e de procurar apoio, reiterando que os homens se mantêm filiados aos modelos de masculinidades dominantes.