bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teachers' views about barriers in implement oral health education for school children: a qualitative study
Authors: Kubo Fabíola Mayumi Miyauchi , Paula Janice Simpson de , Mialhe Fábio Luiz 
Published: May 2015

Objective: To explore the barriers encountered by primary school teachers, to implementing oral health education in their settings. Material and methods: A semi-structured questionnaire was answered by a sample of 89 primary schoolteachers aged 18 to 65 years working in primary public schools in Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil. The data were quantitatively analyzed by means of the Discourse of the Collective Subject (DCS), which is based on a theoretical framework of Social Representations Theory. Results: The majority of teachers said they were teaching their students some oral health content. However, they reported difficulties in teaching oral health content in school, such as: the lack of material and/or appropriate activities to teach the subject of oral health properly; children do not receive oral health education at home and/or it is not encouraged by their families; students do not place any value on oral health and/or do not follow guidance provided. Teachers also expressed the need for partnerships with dental schools to help them implement oral health projects in primary schools. Conclusions: The results emphasize the need for health and educational sectors support primary school teachers in the implementation and maintenance of oral health education programs in schools.
Distance learning in dental radiology: Immediate impact of the implementation
Authors: Cruz Adriana Dibo , Costa Jefferson Jesus , Almeida Solange Maria 
Published: May 2015

Objective: This study assessed the immediate impact in terms of learning of the dento-maxillomandibular radiographic anatomy in intraoral periapical radiographs after entire replacement of the method of classroom learning by the distance learning using the Moodle platform. Material and Methods: The teaching of this subject by traditional educational setting in classroom was made until the first semester of 2011, “A class” (AC), using radiographic slabs from duplicated films. In the second semester of 2011, “B class” (BC), these radiographic slabs were digitalized, creating the Moodle e-course about dento-maxillomandibular anatomy in intraoral radiographs for distance learning. The impact was assessed by comparison of scores of students from two distinct classes, AC (N=60) and BC (N=62), after application of a similar test with all content of the topic of dento-maxillomandibular anatomy, using T-Student unpaired test (?=0.05). A voluntary and unidentified questionnaire with 12 questions, developed in Google Docs spreadsheets, was used to evaluate the acceptance of students for this e-course. Results: No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in scores of the students from two classes. Among other questions, all students of BC who completed the questionnaire had interest in content of the available material in e-course, and their satisfaction level on a scale from 0 to 10 had a mean of 8.47 (SD=1.69). Conclusion: The method of distance learning of this subject using the Moodle platform can be utilized with same educational results as of those obtained from a traditional educational setting.
Potential Adverse Biological Effects of Excessive Exercise and Overtraining Among Healthy Individuals
Authors: Delimaris Ioannis 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background. A growing body of research has investigated the potential health risks of excessive exercise on human health. There is now a clear need for an up-to-date, critical synthesis of reliable findings on this topic.
Objective. To determine the potential adverse biological effects of excessive exercise and overtraining among - initially - healthy men and women. Design. Brief review. Material and method. In order to identify relevant studies, the electronic database Medline was searched using the following terms/key words: “excessive exercise” OR “overtraining”” AND “adverse effects”. Studies had to: a) be written in English, b) published from January 1980- March 2014, and c) involve healthy men and women (individuals with no pre-existing medical conditions). Results and discussion. The main adverse effects associated with excessive exercise and overtraining among healthy individuals were musculoskeletal injuries, adverse cardiovascular effects, exercise-induced muscle damage, exerciserelated alterations of immunity, exercise-related reproductive dysfunction, chronic negative energy balance, osteoporosis, and sleep disorders. Conclusions. The findings of the present study suggest that excessive exercise and overtraining can have serious health consequences. Sports physicians, trainers and health educators should be aware of these risks and advise the people accordingly. Further research needs to be carried out in this area, including high quality trials.
Formulation and characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers and nanoemulsion of lornoxicam for transdermal delivery
Authors: Gönüllü Ümit , Üner Melike , Yener Gülgün , Karaman Ecem Fatma , Aydoğmuş Zeynep 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and nanoemulsion (NE) of lornoxicam (LRX) were prepared for the treatment of painful and inflammatory conditions of the skin. Compritol® 888 ATO, Lanette® O and oleic acid were used as solid and liquid lipids. SLN, NLC and NE were found physically stable at various temperatures for 6 months. Case I diffusional drug release was detected as the dominant mechanism indicating Fickian drug diffusion from nanoparticles and nanoemulsion. The highest rate of drug penetration through rat skin was obtained with NE followed by NLC, SLN and a gel formulation. Nanoformulations significantly increased drug penetration through rat skin compared to the gel (p < 0.05). Thus, SLN, NLC and NE of LRX can be suggested for relieving painful and inflammatory conditions of the skin
Redke vrste ptic v sloveniji v letu 2013 – Poročilo Nacionalne komisije za redkosti / Rare birds in Slovenia in 2013 – Slovenian Rarities Committee's Report
Authors: Hanžel Jurij 
Published: May 2015

Summary
This report by the Slovenian Rarities Committee presents records of rare bird species in Slovenia in 2013, with some addenda for previous years. The numbers in brackets refer to the number of records (first number) and individuals (second number), recorded between 1 Jan 1950 and 31 Dec 2012. Since 1 Jan 2013, submission to the Committee is required for 37 additional species, 17 of which are regional rarities. Records of these species are not numbered, since records from previous years were not collected by the Committee. Four new species were recorded in category A: White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala, Baillon’s Crake Porzana pusilla, Audouin’s Gull Larus audouinii and Siberian Rubythroat Calliope calliope. Three species, Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris, Chukar Alectoris chukar and Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus, were added to category E. Other notable observations were the second and third records of Bewick’s Swan Cygnus columbianus and fourth record of Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus. The list of birds recorded in Slovenia (as of 31 Dec 2013) contains 384 species (369 in category A, 7 in category B, 8 exclusively in category C; 4 species are both in categories A and C). Category D contains 6 species, while category E contains 33. These two categories are not part of the list
Gnezdilke Parka Škocjanske jame (Kras, JZ Slovenija)/ The breeding birds of Škocjan Caves Park (Kras, SW Slovenia)
Authors: Figelj Jernej , Kmecl Primož 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The aim of the study done in 2011 and 2012 was to identify the number of breeding bird species, to provide population estimates as well as to evaluate the conservational importance of Škocjan Caves Park for birds. Common bird species were surveyed using the territory mapping method. Rare species and nocturnally active species were surveyed using species-specific methods: observation, the playback method and the line transect method. 81 species were registered, 49 of which bred within the boundaries of the Park. The most abundant breeding species were Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla (260-320 breeding pairs), Robin Erithacus rubecula (250-310 breeding pairs), Blackbird Turdus merula (230-280 breeding pairs), Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs (230-280 breeding pairs) and Marsh Tit Poecile palustris (200-240 breeding pairs). Qualifying species for the Special Protected Area (SPA) Kras (SI5000023) also bred within the Park: Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus, Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus, Scops Owl Otus scops and Woodlark Lululla arborea. Eagle Owl Bubo bubo was also registered, but breeding attempts during the study period were unsuccessful due to the negative influence of several factors. One of the largest colonies of Alpine Swifts Apus melba, a rare and localized species in Slovenia, is also of conservation concern.
Dynamic model of nuclear power plant steam turbine
Authors: Kulkowski Karol , Kobylarz Anna , Grochowski Michał , Duzinkiewicz Kazimierz 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the dynamic multivariable model of Nuclear Power Plant steam turbine. Nature of the processes occurring in a steam turbine causes a task of modeling it very difficult, especially when this model is intended to be used for on-line optimal process control (model based) over wide range of operating conditions caused by changing power demand. Particular property of developed model is that it enables calculations evaluated directly from the input to the output, including pressure drop at the stages. As the input, model takes opening degree of valve and steam properties: mass flow and pressure. Moreover, it allows access to many internal variables (besides input and output) describing processes within the turbine. The model is compared with the static steam turbine model and then verified by using archive data gained from researches within previous Polish Nuclear Power Programme. Presented case study concerns the WWER-440 steam turbine that was supposed to be used in Żarnowiec. Simulation carried out shows compliance of the static and dynamic models with the benchmark data, in a steady state conditions. Dynamic model also shows good behavior over the transient conditions.
Influence of magnetic anisotropy on flux density changes in dynamo steel sheets
Authors: Mazgaj Witold , Szular Zbigniew , Warzecha Adam 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Magnetic measurements, carried out by means of the Epstein frame, have shown that most typical dynamo steel sheets have certain anisotropic properties. In numerical analysis, anisotropic properties are taken into account with the use of the special function of the grain distribution in the given dynamo sheet. For engineering purposes, it is desirable to assess the influence of these properties on the changes of the magnetic flux density in typical dynamo steel sheets, especially during the rotational magnetization. For this purpose, measurements of the flux density changes and field strength changes in the circular-shaped samples of two selected typical dynamo sheets were performed. These measurements were carried out for several values of the current flowing in windings which generated the axial or rotational magnetic field in the test dynamo sheet. The influence of the magnetic anisotropy on the magnetization process was briefly discussed for both types of the magnetization processes.
Multi-harmonic approach to determine load dependent local flux variations in power transformer cores
Authors: Riemer Björn , Hameyer Kay 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper presents a methodology for the calculation of the flux distribution in power transformer cores considering nonlinear material, with reduced computational effort. The calculation is based on a weak coupled multi-harmonic approach. The methodology can be applied to 2D and 3D Finite Element models. The decrease of the computational effort for the proposed approach is >90% compared to a time-stepping method at comparable accuracy. Furthermore, the approach offers a possibility for parallelisation to reduce the overall simulation time. The speed up of the parallelised simulations is nearly linear. The methodology is applied to a single-phase and a three-phase power transformer. Exemplary, the flux distribution for a capacitive load case is determined and the differences in the flux distribution obtained by a 2D and 3D FE model are pointed out. Deviations are significant, due to the fact, that the 2D FE model underestimates the stray fluxes. It is shown, that a 3D FE model of the transformer is required, if the nonlinearity of the core material has to be taken into account.
Improved modeling of new three-phase high voltage transformer with magnetic shunts
Authors: Chraygane M. , El Ghazal N. , Fadel M. , Bahani B. , Belhaiba A. , Ferfra M. , Bassoui M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This original paper deals with a new approach for the study of behavior in nonlinear regime of a new three-phase high voltage power supply for magnetrons, used for the microwave generators in industrial applications. The design of this system is composed of a new three-phase leakage flux transformer supplying by phase a cell, composed of a capacitor and a diode, which multiplies the voltage and stabilizes the current. Each cell. in turn, supplies a single magnetron. An equivalent model of this transformer is developed taking into account the saturation phenomenon and the stabilization process of each magnetron. Each inductance of the model is characterized by a non linear relation between flux and current. This model was tested by EMTP software near the nominal state. The theoretical results were compared to experimental measurements with a good agreement. Relative to the current device, the new systemprovides gains of size, volume, cost of implementation and maintenance which make it more economical.
The Influence of Pressure Die Casting Parameters on the Castability of AlSi11-SiCp Composites
Authors: Konopka Z. , Zyska A. , Łągiewka M. , Nadolski M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the method of preparing a composite slurry composed of AlSi11 alloy matrix and 10 vol.% of SiC particles, as well as the method of its high-pressure die casting and the measurement results concerning the castability of the obtained composite. Composite castings were produced at various values of the piston velocity in the second stage of injection, diverse intensification pressure values, and various injection gate width values. There were found the regression equations describing the change of castability of the examined composite as a function of pressure die casting process parameters. The conclusion gives the analysis and the interpretation of the obtained results.
The Compositions: Biodegradable Material - Typical Resin, as Moulding Sands’ Binders
Authors: Major-Gabryś K. , Dobosz St. M. , Drożyński D. , Jakubski J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper presents possibility of using biodegradable materials as parts of moulding sands’ binders based on commonly used in foundry practice resins. The authors focus on thermal destruction of binding materials and thermal deformation of moulding sands with tested materials. All the research is conducted for the biodegradable material and two typical resins separately. The point of the article is to show if tested materials are compatible from thermal destruction and thermal deformation points of view. It was proved that tested materials characterized with similar thermal destruction but thermal deformation of moulding sands with those binders was different.
Three Dimensional Morphology of β-Al5FeSi Intermetallics in AlSi Alloys
Authors: Mikołajczak P. , Ratke L. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Iron is the most common and detrimental impurity in casting alloys and has been associated with many defects. The main consequence of the presence or adding of iron to AlSi alloys is the formation Fe-rich intermetallics with especially deleterious β-Al5FeSi. β-Al5FeSi phases are most often called needles on 2D micro sections, whilst platelets in 3D geometry. The x-ray tomography results have demonstrated Ferich phases with shapes different from simple forms such as needles or platelets and presented bent and branched phases. β grown as complicated structure of bent and branched intermetallics can decrease feeding ability, strengthen pores nucleation and eutectic colonies nucleation leading to lower permeability of mushy zone and porosity in the castings.
Crystallization of AlSi17Cu5Mg Alloy after Time-thermal Treatment
Authors: Piątkowski J. , Kamiński P. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In the dissertation it has been shown, that so called “time-thermal treatment” (TTT) of the alloy in liquid state as overheating the metal with around 250°C above Tliq. and detailing it in temperature for 30 to 40 minutes has the influence on changing the crystallization parameters (Tliq., TEmin., TEmax., TE(Me), TSol.). It was ascertained, that overheating the AlSi17Cu5Mg alloy substantially above Tliq. results with microcrystalline structure. Evenly distributed in the eutectic warp primeval silicon crystals and supersaturated with alloying additives of base content (Cu, Mg, Fe) of α(Al) solution, ensures not only increase durability in ambient temperature, but also at elevated temperature (250°C), what due to it’s use in car industry is an advantage.
Abrasive Wear of Alloyed Cast Steels Applied for Heavy Machinery
Authors: Studnicki A. , Kondracki M. , Suchoń J. , Szajnar J. , Bartocha D , Wróbel T. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In the paper the results and analysis of abrasive wear studies were shown for two grades of cast steels: low-alloyed cast steel applied for heavy machinery parts such as housing, covers etc. and chromium cast steels applied for kinetic nodes of pin-sleeve type. Studies were performed using the modified in Department of Foundry pin-on-disc method.
Histamine and Antihistamines / Histamin i antihistamini
Authors: Stojković Nikola , Cekić Snežana , Ristov Milica , Ristić Marko , Đukić Davor , Binić Maša , Virijević Dragan 
Published: May 2015

Summary
In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases. Allergic immune response represents a complex network of cellular events involving numerous immune cells and mediators. It represents the interaction of innate and acquired immune response. The key role in the immune cascade is taken by histamine, a natural component of the body, which in the allergic inflammatory response is releasesd by the mast cells and basophils. The aim of this study was to highlight the role of histamine in allergic immunological events, their effect on Th1 and Th2 subpopulation of lymphocytes and the production of the corresponding cytokines, as well as the role of histamine blockers in the treatment of these conditions.
Histamine achieves its effect by binding to the four types of its receptors, which are widely distributed in the body. Histamine blockers block a numerous effects of histamine by binding to these receptors. As a highly selective second-generation antihistamine, cetirizine not only achieves its effects by binding to H1 receptors, but also attenuates numerous events during the inflammatory process. Knowledge of the effects of histamine blockers, including cetirizine, may lead to the selection of proper therapy for the treatment of allegic diseases.
Beneficial Effects of Green Tea Extract in Gentamicin-Induced Acute Renal Failure in Rats / Povoljni efekti ekstrakta zelenog čaja na akutnu bubrežnu insuficijenciju uzrokovanu gentamicinom kod pacova
Authors: Veljković Milica , Ilić Sonja , Stojiljković Nenad , Velicković Ljubinka , Pavlović Dragana , Radenković Mirjana , Branković Suzana , Kitić Dusanka , Ignjatović Marija Gocmanac 
Published: May 2015

Summary
The aim of this study was to investigate whether green tea extract has beneficial effect on gentamicin-induced acute renal failure. The investigation was conducted on thirty-two Wistar rats divided into four groups of 8 animals each. Control (C) group received normal saline. GT group received green tea extract orally, 300mg/kg. GM group received gentamicin intraperitoneally, 100mg/kg and GT+GM group received both gentamicin and green tea extract.
Histological sections of kidney in GM group revealed necrosis of proximal tubules, vacuolization of cytoplasm and massive mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates in interstitium. Coadministration of green tea with gentamicin had renoprotective effect and showed only mild infiltrations, normal glomeruli and alleviated tubular degeneration. Analysis of biochemical parameters showed significantly higher urea and creatinine serum concentrations in GM group in comparison with C group and GT+GM group (p<0.001). Plasma lipid peroxidation biomarker MDA was significantly higher in GM group than those in C group (p<0.001), whereas the values for GT+GM group were significantly lower than MDA recorded for GM group (p<0.001).
Beneficial effects of green tea on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity is explained through decrease of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.Our results indicate that green tea administration has nephroprotective effect on oxidative stress and acute renal failure caused by gentamicin.
Comparing the Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam on Sedation in Children with Head Trauma to Perform CT in Emergency Department / Upoređivanje efekata deksmedetomidina i midazolama na sedaciju dece sa povredom glave radi snimanja CT-om na Odeljenju urgentne medicine
Authors: Derakhshanfar Hojjat , Bozorgi Farzad , Hosseini Adel , Noori Shamila , Mostafavi Abolfazl , Sharami Ali , Hashemi Seyyed Abbas 
Published: May 2015

Summary
Many of the children referred to the emergency complain of head trauma. Children usually require sedition to reduce their failure and fear because of high activity and fear of performing computed tomography (CT). Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam belong to short-acting drugs for this purpose. This study aimed to compare the effect of the above mentioned drugs on sedition in children.
Children referred to the emergency department were randomly divided into two groups. Group A was sedated with 0.05 mg/kg IV Midazolam and group B with 2μg/kg IV Dexmedetomidine over 10 minutes (loading dose), and then repeat boluses 2μg/kg IV over 10 minutes. Measurements included induction time, recovery time, efficacy, side effects, complications, and failure with each drug and vital signs and RAMSY scale. SPSS V.20 was used for data analysis. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Totally, 100 patients participated in the current study (44 girls and 56 boys). The mean and standard deviation of age was 5.3 ± 2.5 years. During the study, just 5 patients (10%) from group A did not have appropriate sedition following the injection of first dose of Midazolam and received the second dose. However, in B group patients no such case was reported. No significant difference was observed among blood pressure, heart rate, respiration and RAMSY Scale among the groups.
No significant difference was seen between efficacy of Midazolam and Dexmedetomidine in pediatric sedation. More research should be done for generalization of our findings .