bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNS‐Class: immediate classification of IP flows using DNS
Authors: Foremski Paweł , Callegari Christian , Pagano Michele 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYNowadays we see a tremendous growth of the Internet, especially in terms of the amont of data being transmitted and new network protocols being introduced. This poses a challenge for network administrators, who need adequate tools for network management. Recent findings show that DNS can contribute valuable information on IP flows and improve traffic visibility in a computer network.In this paper, we apply these findings on DNS to propose a novel traffic classification algorithm with interesting features. We experimentally show that the information carried in domain names and port numbers is sufficient for immediate classification of a highly significant portion of the traffic. We present DNS‐Class: an innovative, fast and reliable flow‐based traffic classification algorithm, which on average yields 99.8% of true positives and < 0.1% of false positives on real traffic traces. The algorithm can work as a major element of a modular system in a cascade architecture.Additionally, we provide an analysis on how various network protocols depend on DNS in terms of flows, packets and bytes. We release the complete source code implementing the presented system as open source. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Relationship Between Sexual Function and Quality of Sleep in Caregiving Mothers of Sons with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Nozoe K. T. , Hachul H. , Hirotsu C. , Polesel D. N. , Moreira G. A. , Tufik S. , Andersen M. L. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Introduction
The task of the caregiver, especially a caregiving mother of a son with a chronic and fatal disease, may interfere with their quality of sleep, sexuality, and some hormone levels.

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the sexual function and the quality of sleep of caregiving mothers of sons with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Methods
We evaluated 20 caregiving mothers of sons with DMD and 20 caregiving mothers of sons without any neuromuscular or chronic disease. All of them voluntarily responded to the evaluating questionnaires about their sexuality and their quality of sleep, and gave blood samples to evaluate their hormonal levels.

Main Outcome Measures
All mothers were evaluated using the questionnaire of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Pittsburgh questionnaire (PSQI). The blood samples were tested to determine serum levels of testosterone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol.

Results
Caregiving mothers of sons with DMD had significantly lower scores in the FSFI questionnaire, suggesting a higher risk for sexual dysfunction. The PSQI demonstrated that these caregiving mothers present increased sleep latency, reduced sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction, and poor sleep quality. Blood tests showed a rise in cortisol levels, which correlated with the compromised sexuality and quality of sleep.

Conclusions
This study indicates that caregiving mothers of sons with DMD show major risk for sexual dysfunction and a reduction in their quality of sleep mediated in part by the hormonal changes related to stress.
Phenotypic consequences of LYS4 gene disruption in Candida albicans
Authors: Gabriel Iwona , Kur Krzysztof , Laforce‐Nesbitt Sonia S. , Pulickal Anoop S. , Bliss Joseph M. , Milewski Sławomir 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA BLAST search of the Candida Genome Database with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae LYS4 sequence known to encode homoaconitase (HA) revealed ORFs 19.3846 and 19.11327. Both alleles of the LYS4 gene were sequentially disrupted in Candida albicans BWP17 cells using PCR‐based methodology. The null lys4Δ mutant exhibited lysine auxotrophy in minimal medium but was able to grow in the presence of l‐Lys and α‐aminoadipate, an intermediate of the α‐aminoadipate pathway, at millimolar concentrations. The presence of d‐Lys and pipecolic acid did not trigger lys4Δ growth. The C. albicans lys4Δ mutant cells demonstrated diminished germination ability. However, their virulence in vivo in a murine model of disseminated neonatal candidiasis appeared identical to that of the wild‐type strain. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in fungal burden of infected tissues between the strains. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms for the Formation of NH3, N2H4, and N2H2 in the Protonation Reaction of Fe(DMeOPrPE)2N2 {DMeOPrPE = 1,2‐bis[bis(methoxypropyl)phosphino]ethane}
Authors: Tyler David R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractResearch from the author's laboratory is reviewed on the reaction of Fe(DMeOPrPE)2N2 with acid to form ammonia and hydrazine {DMeOPrPE is the water‐soluble, bidentate phosphine 1,2‐bis[bis(methoxypropyl)phosphino]ethane}. DFT calculations suggested that a symmetric protonation mechanism was more favorable than either an asymmetric protonation mechanism or a dinuclear mechanism. Two symmetric protonation pathways were investigated by synthesizing or generating reaction intermediates. Among the various species synthesized or spectroscopically observed were hydrazine complexes, diazene complexes, and their deprotonated conjugate bases. A relatively long‐lived intermediate in the protonation reaction, identified as [((DMeOPrPE)2Fe)2(μ‐N2)]2+, hints that a dinuclear pathway might be operating, but further mechanistic investigations suggested this species is likely forming in a side‐reaction and is not involved in the formation of ammonia. The only source of electrons for the reduction of N2 in the reaction is the Fe(DMeOPrPE)2N2 complex. As discussed in this review, this feature will ultimately limit the yields of ammonia and hydrazine that can form in the reaction. The reactions pathways uncovered by this research are symmetric protonation pathways, and as such they are different from the “asymmetric” protonation pathway proposed for some Mo‐N2 complexes that protonate to form ammonia. Recent studies suggest a symmetric protonation pathway for nitrogenase (which has Fe in its active site), and it may well be a general conclusion that Fe‐N2 species produce ammonia via the symmetric protonation mechanism.
Evidence of a Mixed Magnetic Phase in EuMgGe: A Semi­metallic Zintl Compound with TiNiSi Structure Type
Authors: Slabon Adam , Cuervo‐Reyes Eduardo , Niehaus Oliver , Winter Florian , Mensing Christian , Pöttgen Rainer , Nesper Reinhard 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe ternary Zintl phase EuMgGe was synthesized from the elements, and its structure solved by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Chemical bonding is discussed, by means of electronic structure calculations at the DFT level and its physical properties characterized with respect to electronic conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat capacity, and magnetoresistivity. The compound may be interpreted according to the Zintl‐Klemm concept as (Eu2+)(Mg2+)(Ge4–) with isolated germanium anions. Resistivity measurements reveal a semimetallic character, which is consistent with the vanishing energy gap obtained from our calculations. The magnetic susceptibility and the specific heat indicate that two consecutive transitions take place, at 9 and 16 K, and they show evidence of magnetic frustration. A possible physical scenario for this magnetic behavior is discussed based on known models of partially frustrated magnets.
Dimorphism of the seed‐dispersing organ in a pantropical coastal plant, Scaevola taccada: heterogeneous population structures across islands
Authors: Emura Naoko , Denda Tetsuo , Sakai Miyuki , Ueda Keisuke 
Published: June 2014

AbstractScaevola taccada is characterized by dimorphic fruits, with one type having cork and pulp (C‐morph) and the other type having only pulp (NC‐morph). Although within‐individual dimorphism has not been observed, both morphs can occur at the same sites. The cork floats on seawater, and the pulp is eaten by birds. Thus, the morphs may have different seed dispersal abilities, via sea currents and birds, respectively. This study aimed to determine the functional characteristics of the dimorphic fruits. First, the potential seed dispersal ability of sea currents and birds was compared between the two fruits morphs by conducting a floating test and by measuring the proportions of different parts of the fruits, respectively. Next, the frequencies of the two morphs across different substrates (beaches, rocks, and cliffs) in the southern islands around Japan were analyzed. Most C‐morph fruits remained floating for more than 180 days in a seawater tank, whereas all NC‐morph fruits sank after approximately 1 week. The NC‐morph fruits had a more pulp volume and less indigestible material than the C‐morph fruits. Although both types of plants were found on many islands and all substrates, the C‐morph was dominant on beaches, whereas the NC‐morph was most frequent on cliffs. The frequencies of the morphs on different substrates might be influenced by the differences in their seed dispersal abilities. The two morphs may differ in fitness on different substrates. These findings improve our understanding of plant adaptations for dispersal.
Basal Joint Osteoarthritis of the Thumb: Comparison of Suture Button versus Abductor Pollicis Longus Suspensionplasty
Authors: Avant Kristopher R. , Nydick Jason A. , White Brian D. , Vaccaro Lisa , Hess Alfred V. , Stone Jeffrey D. 
Published: June 2014

Background Our purpose was to compare the outcomes of patients with severe basilar thumb osteoarthritis treated with trapeziectomy and suspensionplasty using abductor pollicis longus (APL) tendon versus a suture button device. Methods A retrospective study was performed for patients undergoing trapeziectomy and suspensionplasty with APL tendon or suture button fixation. Outcome measures included disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH); visual analog score (VAS); grip strength; key pinch; tip pinch; and thumb opposition. Radiographic measurements, surgical times, and complications were recorded. Results Thirty-three patients in the APL tendon group and 27 patients in the suture button group had a minimum 6-month follow-up. VAS, DASH, and functional measurements improved after surgery for both groups. Mean operative time was 68 min for the APL tendon group and 48 min for the suture button group. Complications were similar between groups. Conclusions The use of suture button fixation when compared to APL tendon suspensionplasty offers similar clinical outcomes. Type of study/level of evidence: Therapeutic III
A Non-Scalpel Technique for Minimally Invasive Surgery: Percutaneously Looped Thread Transection of the Transverse Carpal Ligament
Authors: Guo Danqing , Yu Tang , Ji Yizheng , Sun Tiansheng , Guo Joseph , Guo Danzhu 
Published: June 2014

Purpose This study aims to develop an alternate technique for improving the surgical procedure of carpal tunnel release. Method The transverse carpal ligament is transected by utilizing a piece of thread looped percutaneously under the visualization of ultrasound. The procedure, the thread carpal tunnel release (TCTR), was performed on 34 hands of 20 patients. Self-administrated Levine-Katz questionnaire was used for assessing the symptom severity and functional status of the outcomes. Results TCTR was performed in each case with no unintended consequences. The average duration for a procedure was 7 min, excluding time of preparation. Significant improvements in subjective sensibility were reported within 24 h, and sleep quality improved for all cases. There were no postoperative complications. The scores of questionnaire 3 months postoperatively were comparable to the literature controls. Conclusion TCTR is a safe and effective minimally invasive surgery performed under local anesthesia in a clinic-based procedure room and results in only one-needle entrance point at the wrist and one-needle exit point in the palm. The feature of the procedure includes the potentials of reduced risk of iatrogenic injury, reduced surgical cost, and reduced patient recovery time. The study has shown encouraging promise for optimizing the technique of carpal tunnel release, and more clinical trials are necessary to confirm the findings.
Diazepam and Jacobson's Progressive Relaxation Show Similar Attenuating Short-Term Effects on Stress-Related Brain Glucose Consumption
Authors: Pifarré P. , Simó M. , Gispert J.-D. , Plaza P. , Fernández A. , Pujol J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA non-pharmacological method to reduce anxiety is “progressive relaxation” (PR). The aim of the method is to reduce mental stress and associated mental processes by means of progressive suppression of muscle tension. The study was addressed to evaluate changes in brain glucose metabolism induced by PR in patients under a stressing state generated by a diagnostic medical intervention. The effect of PR was compared to a dose of sublingual diazepam, with the prediction that both interventions would be associated with a reduction in brain metabolism. Eighty-four oncological patients were assessed with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. Maps of brain glucose distribution from 28 patients receiving PR were compared with maps from 28 patients receiving sublingual diazepam and with 28 patients with no treatment intervention. Compared to reference control subjects, the PR and diazepam groups showed a statistically significant, bilateral and generalized cortical hypometabolism. Regions showing the most prominent changes were the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. No significant differences were identified in the direct comparison between relaxation technique and sublingual diazepam. Our findings suggest that relaxation induced by a physical/psychological procedure can be as effective as a reference anxiolytic in reducing brain activity during a stressful state.
Religiosity is a protective factor against self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in Jewish adolescents: Findings from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Amit B.H. , Krivoy A. , Mansbach-Kleinfeld I. , Zalsman G. , Ponizovsky A.M. , Hoshen M. , Farbstein I. , Apter A. , Weizman A. , Shoval G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeFew studies have investigated the association between religiosity and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors specifically in adolescents, yielding inconsistent results. To date, no study has examined this relationship in a Jewish adolescent cohort.MethodsSelf-injurious thoughts and behaviors, as well as depression, were assessed in a nationally representative sample of Jewish adolescents (n = 620) and their mothers, using the Development and Well-Being Assessment Inventory (DAWBA) structured interview. Degree of religiosity was obtained by a self-report measure.ResultsUsing multivariate analysis, level of religiosity was inversely associated with self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (Wald χ2 = 3.95, P = 0.047), decreasing the likelihood of occurrence by 55% (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.2–0.99), after adjusting for depression and socio-demographic factors. This model (adjusted R2 = 0.164; likelihood ratio χ2 = 7.59; df = 1; P < 0.047) was able to correctly classify 95.6% of the patients as belonging either to the high or low risk groups.ConclusionThis is the first study demonstrating religiosity to have a direct independent protective effect against self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in Jewish adolescents. This finding has clinical implications regarding risk assessment and suicide prevention. Further research can potentially elucidate the complex relationship between religiosity, self-injury and suicide in this population.
Holocene history and environmental reconstruction of a Hercynian mire and surrounding mountain landscape based on multiple proxies
Authors: Dudová Lydie , Hájková Petra , Opravilová Věra , Hájek Michal 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe discovered the first peat section covering the entire Holocene in the Hrubý Jeseník Mountains, representing an island of unique alpine vegetation whose history may display transitional features between the Hercynian and Carpathian regions. We analysed pollen, plant macrofossils (more abundant in bottom layers), testate amoebae (more abundant in upper layers), peat stratigraphy and chemistry. We found that the landscape development indeed differed from other Hercynian mountains located westward. This is represented byPinus cembraandLarixduring the Pleistocene/Holocene transition, the early expansion of spruce around 10,450 cal yr BP, and survival ofLarixduring the climatic optimum. The early Holocene climatic fluctuations are traced in our profile by species compositions of both the mire and surrounding forests. The mire started to develop as a calcium-rich percolation fen with some species recently considered to be postglacial relicts (Meesia triquetra,Betula nana), shifted into ombrotrophy around 7450 cal yr BP by autogenic succession and changed into a pauperised, nutrient-enriched spruce woodland due to modern forestry activities. We therefore concluded that its recent vegetation is not a product of natural processes. From a methodological viewpoint we demonstrated how using multiple biotic proxies and extensive training sets in transfer functions may overcome taphonomic problems.
Just-in-Time Training of Dental Responders in a Simulated Pandemic Immunization Response Exercise
Authors: Colvard Michael D. , Hirst Jeremy L. , Vesper Benjamin J. , DeTella George E. , Tsagalis Mila P. , Roberg Mary J. , Peters David E. , Wallace Jimmy D. , James James J. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe reauthorization of the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act in 2013 incorporated the dental profession and dental professionals into the federal legislation governing public health response to pandemics and all-hazard situations. Work is now necessary to expand the processes needed to incorporate and train oral health care professionals into pandemic and all-hazard response events.MethodsA just-in-time (JIT) training exercise and immunization drill using an ex vivo porcine model system was conducted to demonstrate the rapidity to which dental professionals can respond to a pandemic influenza scenario. Medical history documentation, vaccination procedures, and patient throughput and error rates of 15 dental responders were evaluated by trained nursing staff and emergency response personnel.ResultsThe average throughput (22.33/hr) and medical error rates (7 of 335; 2.08%) of the dental responders were similar to those found in analogous influenza mass vaccination clinics previously conducted using certified public health nurses.ConclusionsThe dental responder immunization drill validated the capacity and capability of dental professionals to function as a valuable immunization resource. The ex vivo porcine model system used for JIT training can serve as a simple and inexpensive training tool to update pandemic responders’ immunization techniques and procedures supporting inoculation protocols.
Disaster Relief Activities of the Japan Self-Defense Force Following the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Nishiyama Yasumasa 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTCooperation between civilian and military forces, including the Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF), enabled wide-ranging disaster relief after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Nevertheless, many preventable fatalities occurred, particularly related to an inability to treat chronic disease, indicating the need to plan for the provision of long-term medical aid after natural disasters in stricken areas and evacuation shelters. To assist in this effort, this report (1) provides an overview of the consequences of the medical response to the Great East Japan Earthquake, the largest natural disaster ever to hit Japan, focusing on the role and actions of the JSDF; (2) discusses the lessons learned regarding the provision of medical aid and management by the JSDF after this disaster, looking at the special challenges of meeting the needs of a rapidly aging population in a disaster situation; and (3) provides recommendations for the development of strategies for the long-term medical aid and support after natural disasters, especially with regard to the demographics of the Japanese population.
Hybrid Method Combines Transfinite Interpolation with Series Expansion to Simulate the Anti-Plane Response of a Surface Irregularity
Authors: Shyu W.-S. , Teng T.-J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe responses to an incident plane SH wave on or near a surface irregularity which is embedded in an elastic half-plane are investigated. The surface irregularity represents a canyon, an alluvial valley or a hill. The wave function expansion method has been employed to solve surface irregularities, such as a semi-cylindrical canyon, a semi-cylindrical alluvial valley, or a semi-elliptical canyon and a semi-elliptical alluvial valley. These solutions to the scattering problem of SH wave can be used to test the accuracy of the other numerical methods. But solutions for surface irregularities with arbitrarily shapes cannot be found easily. A hybrid method combines the finite element method with series expansion is applied to solve scattering problems in this study. A subregion encloses the surface irregularity with a semi-circular auxiliary boundary can be meshed by the finite element method. By using the transfinite interpolation (TFI) produces excellent grid mesh on the subregion. The advantage of TFI is the flexibility to facilitate modeling of the subregion. On the other hand, the boundary data can be formulated by using a series representation with unknown coefficients. The Lamb's solution which satisfies the traction free condition and the radiation condition at infinity is implemented to be the basis function. The unknown coefficients can be obtained by satisfying the continuity conditions of the semi-circular auxiliary boundary between the subregion and the half-plane. The hybrid method that combines TFI with series expansion is successfully herein to solve the scattering problem by a surface irregularity. Numerical results in this study for special cases agree well with those in the published literatures. In this study, the steps and skills of hybrid method are described systematically and completely to solve the surface irregularity.
Investigation of Transport Phenomena in a Vapour Film Formed in Contact Between Hot Metallic Sphere and Water
Authors: Jahangiri A. , Biglari M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractContact between hot objects and liquids occurs in many industries, such as nuclear reactors, metal casting industries and paper production. In such cases growth of vapour film leads to steam explosion that may cause human and financial damages. It is obvious that possibility of these phenomena can be judged by comparing vapour film radius growth and pressure inside vapour film. In this paper vapour film growth and pressure inside the vapour film formed, on hot sphere interaction with water, are investigated. The numerical simulation of problem is obtained and then validated using experimental test and other available results. The effects of the variations of different parameters such as hot sphere diameter, temperature, immersion depth into water and bulk water temperature are investigated on the vapour film radius, vapour pressure inside vapour film and the saturation temperature of phase interface surface. Finally, the overall results show that the effect of hot sphere interaction with water would be the same pressure inside vapour film suddenly increases up to 5 times more than initial pressure which would lead to hazard and put the safety of the system at risk.