bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the species limits of the tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae) endemic to California's Southern Coast Ranges, USA
Authors: Wilson Joseph S. , Gunnell Clayton F. , Wahl David B. , Pitts James P. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

The California floristic province is home to several threatened or endangered species and has been the focus of numerous conservation efforts. These conservation efforts have largely ignored the diverse and distinctive arthropod fauna found in this region.
We investigate the species boundaries of the four tarantula (Araneae: Theraphosidae) species endemic to California's Southern Coast Ranges through molecular phylogenetic analysis using a 680 bp region of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 from 51 individuals.
Our analysis resulted in a well‐supported phylogeny showing three distinct clades. As a result, we recognise only one species in the Southern Coast Ranges (Aphonopelma brunnius, with A. chamberlini and A. smithi treated as junior synonyms; if the holotype of A. rileyi is located it will likely be a synonym as well). Two additional species were found in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada.
Although the tarantulas in California's Southern Coast Ranges are not as endemic as was previously thought, their position as top arthropod predators make them ideal sentinel species, suggesting they should be targeted by conservationists. Furthermore, our analyses illustrate the importance in using molecular tools to investigate biodiversity.
Liposomes encapsulating beta‐carotene produced by the proliposomes method: characterisation and shelf life of powders and phospholipid vesicles
Authors: Moraes Marília , Carvalho José Mário P. , Silva Cíntia R. , Cho Stefany , Sola Mirella R. , Pinho Samantha C. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of producing proliposomes incorporating beta‐carotene by spray drying and to assess the capacity of the liposomes produced by the hydration of the dry phospholipid particles to preserve the encapsulated carotenoid. Powders containing beta‐carotene, hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine and sucrose were obtained and characterised in terms of crystallinity, morphology, thermal behaviour, density, solubility and hygroscopicity. The preservation of beta‐carotene in the powder was evaluated for two storage conditions under normal atmosphere and vacuum. The proliposome was highly soluble, with all components embedded in the matrix and capable of preserving more than 90% of the incorporated beta‐carotene for 60 days of refrigerated storage under vacuum. The liposome dispersions maintained their average size, polydispersity index and zeta potential for 100 days of storage. After 60 days, the degradation of encapsulated beta‐carotene was minimal, and the colour of the dispersions was preserved.
From non‐tidal shelf to tide‐dominated strait: The Miocene Bonifacio Basin, Southern Corsica
Authors: REYNAUD JEAN‐YVES , FERRANDINI MICHELLE , FERRANDINI JEAN , SANTIAGO MIGUEL , THINON ISABELLE , ANDRÉ JEAN‐PIERRE , BARTHET YVES , GUENNOC POL , TESSIER BERNADETTE 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study documents a change from a non‐tidal to tide‐dominated shelf system that occurred between Corsica and Sardinia (the Bonifacio Basin, Western Mediterranean) during the early to middle Miocene. The non‐tidal deposits formed on a low‐energy siliciclastic shelf surrounded by progradational coralline algal ramps at full highstand. The tidal deposits consist of an up to 200 m thick succession of siliciclastic to coralline‐rich cross‐beds formed by large sub‐tidal dunes. Based on outcrop and sub‐surface data, it is possible to conclude that the tidal currents were amplified as a consequence of the rapid subsidence of the basin centre due to tectonic activity. It is suggested that this tectonic event initiated the strait between Corsica and Sardinia. The strait was deep enough to allow the tidal flux to be significantly increased, generating a localized strong tidal current at the junction between the Western Mediterranean and the East Corsica Basin.
Gibberellin indirectly promotes chloroplast biogenesis as a means to maintain the chloroplast population of expanded cells
Authors: Jiang Xingshan , Li Heying , Wang Ting , Peng Changlian , Wang Haiyang , Wu Hong , Wang Xiaojing 
Published: October 2012

SummaryChloroplast biogenesis needs to be well coordinated with cell division and cell expansion during plant growth and development to achieve optimal photosynthesis rates. Previous studies showed that gibberellins (GAs) regulate many important plant developmental processes, including cell division and cell expansion. However, the relationship between chloroplast biogenesis with cell division and cell expansion, and how GA coordinately regulates these processes, remains poorly understood. In this study, we showed that chloroplast division was significantly reduced in the GA‐deficient mutants of Arabidopsis (ga1‐3) and Oryza sativa (d18‐AD), accompanied by the reduced expression of several chloroplast division‐related genes. However, the chloroplasts of both mutants exhibited increased grana stacking compared with their respective wild‐type plants, suggesting that there might be a compensation mechanism linking chloroplast division and grana stacking. A time‐course analysis showed that cell expansion‐related genes tended to be upregulated earlier and more significantly than the genes related to chloroplast division and cell division in GA‐treated ga1‐3 leaves, suggesting the possibility that GA may promote chloroplast division indirectly through impacting leaf mesophyll cell expansion. Furthermore, our cellular and molecular analysis of the GA‐response signaling mutants suggest that RGA and GAI are the major repressors regulating GA‐induced chloroplast division, but other DELLA proteins (RGL1, RGL2 and RGL3) also play a role in repressing chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. Taken together, our data show that GA plays a critical role in controlling and coordinating cell division, cell expansion and chloroplast biogenesis through influencing the DELLA protein family in both dicot and monocot plant species.
Bacterial contamination of blood products at the Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine: results of eleven‐year monitoring
Authors: Vuk T. , Barišić M. , Hećimović A. , Rukavina L. , Batarilo I. , Šarlija D. , Jukić I. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYObjectivesThe aim of this study is to present the results and experiences of the Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine (CITM) in blood product testing for the presence of bacterial contamination. This is the first study analysing the results of bacterial testing of blood products in Croatia.MethodsResults of monitoring blood products for the presence of bacterial contamination during an 11‐year period (2000–2010) were retrospectively analysed. As universal screening of platelet concentrates for bacterial contamination is not mandatory in Croatia, the results presented refer to the products tested within the frame of statistical process control.ResultsA total of 23 130 blood products were tested during the study period. There were 122 (0·53%) initially positive and 41 (0·18%) confirmed positive blood products, whereas suspicion of bacterial contamination could be neither confirmed nor ruled out in 8 (0·03%) blood products. While the frequency of bacterial contamination of plasma products was very low (0·03%), there was no statistically significant difference between bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates (0·26%) and RBC concentrates (0·20%). There were 73 (0·32%) false‐positive blood products, with nearly equal proportion of causes related to laboratory contamination (n = 34; 0·15%) and those related to the testing system (n = 39; 0·17%).ConclusionThe results obtained in the study did not differ significantly from literature data. A number of measures to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination of blood products have been implemented at CITM. The introduction of universal screening of platelet concentrates for the presence of bacterial contamination should be taken into consideration.
Linking field and farmer surveys to determine the most important changes to weed incidence
Authors: BORGER C P D , MICHAEL P J , MANDEL R , HASHEM A , BOWRAN D , RENTON M 
Published: October 2012

Borger CPD, Michael PJ, Mandel R, Hashem A, Bowran D & Renton M (2012). Linking field and farmer surveys to determine the most important changes to weed incidence. Weed Research52, 564–574.SummaryAn understanding of weed species incidence and patterns of change in incidence is vital in developing weed management strategies and directing future research endeavours. Weed incidence in fields in the south‐west of Western Australia was surveyed in 1997 and repeated in 2008 to determine any changes. In 2008, farmers were also surveyed to determine their perception of changes to weed incidence and severity. The field survey identified a total of 194 weed species (or groups of species within a genus) in the combined survey data set (i.e. 956 sites from both field surveys). The majority of survey sites were utilised for cropping, and 152 weed species were identified within cropped fields. Between 1997 and 2008, noticeable decreases in incidence (in cropped fields) were observed for Vulpia spp. (−25%), Aira caryophyllea (−21%), Bromus diandrus (−20%), Avena fatua (−18%) and Austrostipa spp. (−13%), with only Raphanus raphanistrum (11%) and Arctotheca calendula (7%) significantly increasing in frequency. Farmer perception of the most severe weed problems did not always coincide with survey results of weed incidence. For example, an exceptionally common weed like A. calendula (with increasing incidence) was of less concern to farmers than the extremely rare Conyza spp. The main conclusion of this research is that the prevalence of a weed species is not always an indication of whether the species is of economic concern to industry. Therefore, it is vital to link field survey results to industry perception of weed species severity, when directing future research efforts into weed management.
‘Things you can't learn from books’: Teaching recovery from a lived experience perspective
Authors: Byrne Louise , Happell Brenda , Welch Tony , Moxham Lorna Jane 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMental health policy in Australia is committed to the development of recovery‐focused services and facilitating consumer participation in all aspects of mental health service delivery. Negative attitudes of mental health professionals have been identified as a major barrier to achieving these goals. Although the education of health professionals has been identified as a major strategy, there is limited evidence to suggest that consumers are actively involved in this education process. The aim of this qualitative study was to evaluate students’ views and opinions at having been taught ‘recovery in mental health nursing’ by a person with a lived experience of significant mental health challenges. In‐depth interviews were held with 12 students. Two main themes were identified: (i) ‘looking through fresh eyes’ – what it means to have a mental illness; and (ii) ‘it's all about the teaching’. The experience was perceived positively; students referred to the impact made on their attitudes and self‐awareness, and their ability to appreciate the impact of mental illness on the individual person. Being taught by a person with lived experience was considered integral to the process. This innovative approach could enhance consumer participation and recovery‐focused care.
Mental health nurses working in primary care: Perceptions of general practitioners
Authors: Meehan Tom , Robertson Samantha 
Published: October 2012

Abstract: The Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program (MHNIP) was established across Australia during 2007. Under the guidelines for the program, mental health nurses work in partnership with general practitioners (GPs) to assist in the assessment and treatment of those with more severe mental health problems. This paper provides insights, from the perspective of GPs, on the qualities required of mental health nurses seeking employment in the primary care setting. A descriptive, exploratory approach was employed to isolate relevant themes. Discussion groups were conducted with 25 GPs involved with the Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program. These discussion groups were audio‐taped, transcribed, and analyzed using content analysis. Five overarching thematic clusters emerged from the data: (i) ‘fitting in’; (ii) knowledge; (iii) skills; (iv) supporting GPs; and (v) educating GPs. While GPs recognize the valuable contribution that mental health nurses can make in the treatment of those with mental health problems, this appears to be dependant on the knowledge and skills of the nurses involved and their ability to engage with GPs. Ongoing education and other practical interventions are required to ensure that GPs are better informed about the initiative.
Two Claims about Desert
Authors: Hanna Nathan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMany philosophers claim that it is always intrinsically good when people get what they deserve and that there is always at least some reason to give people what they deserve. I highlight problems with this view and defend an alternative. I have two aims. First, I want to expose a gap in certain desert‐based justifications of punishment. Second, I want to show that those of us who have intuitions at odds with these justifications have an alternative account of desert at our disposal – one that may lend our intuitions more credibility.
Broad‐spectrum resistance of Arabidopsis C24 to downy mildew is mediated by different combinations of isolate‐specific loci
Authors: Lapin Dmitry , Meyer Rhonda C. , Takahashi Hideki , Bechtold Ulrike , Van den Ackerveken Guido 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Most natural Arabidopsis thaliana accessions are susceptible to one or more isolates of the downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa). However, Arabidopsis C24 has proved resistant to all Hpa isolates tested so far. Here we describe the complex genetic basis of broad‐spectrum resistance in C24.

The genetics of C24 resistance to three Hpa isolates was analyzed by segregation analysis and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping on recombinant inbred and introgression lines.

Resistance of C24 to downy mildew was found to be a multigenic trait with complex inheritance. Many identified resistance loci were isolate‐specific and located on different chromosomes. Among the C24 resistance QTLs, we found dominant, codominant and recessive loci. Interestingly, none of the identified loci significantly contributed to resistance against all three tested Hpa isolates.

Our study demonstrates that broad‐spectrum resistance of Arabidopsis C24 to Hpa is based on different combinations of multiple isolate‐specific loci. The identified quantitative resistance loci are particularly promising as they provide an important basis for the cloning of susceptibility‐ and immunity‐related genes.
The Effects of Guidance Frequency and Guidance Goal on Managerial Decisions
Authors: YING WANG ELAINE , TAN HUN‐TONG 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTWe conduct an experiment to examine the effects of guidance frequency (frequent vs. infrequent) and guidance goal (accuracy vs. meet/beat vs. truthful) on managers’ operating decisions. We find that frequent guiders sacrifice total earnings for quarterly earnings predictability irrespective of their guidance goals. Furthermore, when guidance is infrequent, guiders with accuracy goals opt for quarterly earnings predictability over total earnings more often than do guiders with either meet/beat goals or truthful goals. These findings have implications for regulators and investors in terms of the unintended consequences of requesting frequent earnings guidance. Further, while managers may perceive that accuracy goals can help their firms establish forecasting and reporting reputations, we show that accuracy goals may result in dysfunctional internal managerial decisions, particularly when guidance is issued infrequently.
Critical Place Studies and Middle East Histories: Power, Politics, and Social Change
Authors: Mills Amy 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis essay brings some theoretical ideas surrounding the concept of place to examples of recent research in historical studies of the Middle East. Foregrounding place as a framework for research and teaching makes it possible to answer larger questions regarding power, politics, and social change from the perspective of complex local life. Place, as a concept, offers a conceptual strategy for thinking about the relationships between space and time and thus, for studying history. As a location imbued with cultural meaning, place is produced, in part, through the ways in which people interpret the past. Place can also be understood as the lived, local human experience of dynamically intersecting processes occurring at multiple scales. Global, national, and urban phenomena convene in particular localities to shape environments and social relationships; place is the location of these lived encounters. Critical place studies provide a robust analytical approach for understanding and teaching the complexity of some of the most pressing historical and contemporary social issues of the former Ottoman Empire, including the relationships between colonial power, nationalism, and religious‐ethnic identity; experiences of citizenship in everyday life; and the interplay between notions of tradition and modernity.
History of Historiography and National Memory in Portugal
Authors: Campos Matos Sérgio 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article aims to make a critical assessment and periodization of the studies undertaken in the field of the history of historiography in Portugal, taking into account the aims and concepts used by historians since the 19th century, and to suggest new lines of research. Up to the middle of the 20th century this was a quite marginal area of historical studies in Portugal. However, accounts of historians, and of their work, have always aroused interest. What guiding principles can we find in their self‐reflexive exercises? What concepts do they employ? Work within the field has been constantly evolving (often under French influence), from fragmentary interpretations of historical thought to more recent prosopographical research and perspectives on national memory, not forgetting the institutions to which these historians were attached. But in contrast to other areas of historical studies, there were no great debates. While there were Portuguese historians gifted with a sharp critical sense, they rarely entered into polemics with their colleagues. How can we explain this absence of public debate? It can be argued that it is due to the small number of ‘institutional’ historians, and their connections with institutions and networks that were more or less closed.
Centralism and Local Government in Medieval England: Constitutional History and Assembly Politics, 950–1300
Authors: Karn Nicholas 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThere is an extensive literature on English government in the middle ages, but its usefulness is limited by the terms in which it has been written, and its very partial coverage of the ways in which England was governed; these shortcomings are largely due to the origins of this historiography in the constitutional history written in the 19th century. As such, much of the historiography is overly concerned with the central institutions which directly served the kings, and tends to conceive of government in terms of institutions and bureaucratic relationships. The latter does not much correspond to the shakier realities of medieval government. The assumptions of constitutional history have been questioned in recent debate by those who suggest that assembly politics may be a better means of describing the working of medieval government.
Global Effects of Local Human Population Density and Distance to Markets on the Condition of Coral Reef Fisheries
Authors: CINNER JOSHUA E. , GRAHAM NICHOLAS A. J. , HUCHERY CINDY , MACNEIL M. AARON 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCoral reef fisheries support the livelihoods of millions of people but have been severely and negatively affected by anthropogenic activities. We conducted a systematic review of published data on the biomass of coral reef fishes to explore how the condition of reef fisheries is related to the density of local human populations, proximity of the reef to markets, and key environmental variables (including broad geomorphologic reef type, reef area, and net productivity). When only population density and environmental covariates were considered, high variability in fisheries conditions at low human population densities resulted in relatively weak explanatory models. The presence or absence of human settlements, habitat type, and distance to fish markets provided a much stronger explanatory model for the condition of reef fisheries. Fish biomass remained relatively low within 14 km of markets, then biomass increased exponentially as distance from reefs to markets increased. Our results suggest the need for an increased science and policy focus on markets as both a key driver of the condition of reef fisheries and a potential source of solutions.Efectos Globales de la Densidad de Población Humana Local y la Distancia a los Mercados sobre la Condición de Pesquerías en Arrecifes de Coral
Enhancement of Hemocompatibility of the MERA Monopivot Centrifugal Pump: Toward Medium‐Term Use
Authors: Yamane Takashi , Kosaka Ryo , Nishida Masahiro , Maruyama Osamu , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Kuwana Katsuyuki , Kawamura Hiroshi , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Yambe Tomoyuki , Sankai Yoshiyuki , Tsutsui Tatsuo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe MERA monopivot centrifugal pump has been developed for use in open‐heart surgery, circulatory support, and bridge‐to‐decision for up to 4 weeks. The pump has a closed‐type, 50‐mm diameter impeller with four straight paths. The impeller is supported by a monopivot bearing and is driven by a radial‐flux magnet‐coupling motor. Because flow visualization experiments have clarified sufficient pivot wash and stagnation at the sharp corner of the pivot support was suggested, sharp corners were removed in the design stage. The index of hemolysis of the pump operating at more than 200 mm Hg was found to be lower than that of a commercial pump. Four‐week animal tests were then conducted two times; improvement of thrombus formation was seen in the female pivot through modification of female pivot geometry. Overall antithrombogenicity was also recorded. Finally, to assure mid‐term use, an additional 4‐week durability test revealed that the rate of the axial pivot wear was as small as 1.1 µm/day. The present in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that the MERA monopivot centrifugal pump has sufficient hemocompatibility and durability for up to 4 weeks.