bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three 15-min Bouts of Moderate Postmeal Walking Significantly Improves 24-h Glycemic Control in Older People at Risk for Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: DiPietro Loretta , Gribok Andrei , Stevens Michelle S. , Hamm Larry F. , Rumpler William 
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three 15-min bouts of postmeal walking with 45 min of sustained walking on 24-h glycemic control in older persons at risk for glucose intolerance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Inactive older (≥60 years of age) participants (N = 10) were recruited from the community and were nonsmoking, with a BMI &lt;35 kg/m2 and a fasting blood glucose concentration between 105 and 125 mg dL−1. Participants completed three randomly ordered exercise protocols spaced 4 weeks apart. Each protocol comprised a 48-h stay in a whole-room calorimeter, with the first day serving as the control day. On the second day, participants engaged in either 1) postmeal walking for 15 min or 45 min of sustained walking performed at 2) 10:30 a.m. or 3) 4:30 p.m. All walking was on a treadmill at an absolute intensity of 3 METs. Interstitial glucose concentrations were determined over 48 h with a continuous glucose monitor. Substrate utilization was measured continuously by respiratory exchange (VCO2/VO2).

RESULTS
Both sustained morning walking (127 ± 23 vs. 118 ± 14 mg dL−1) and postmeal walking (129 ± 24 vs. 116 ± 13 mg dL−1) significantly improved 24-h glycemic control relative to the control day (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, postmeal walking was significantly (P &lt; 0.01) more effective than 45 min of sustained morning or afternoon walking in lowering 3-h postdinner glucose between the control and experimental day.

CONCLUSIONS
Short, intermittent bouts of postmeal walking appear to be an effective way to control postprandial hyperglycemia in older people.
The Effect of Sonophoresis on Topical Anesthesia: A Pilot Project
Authors: Packer Joseph L. , Krall Barry , Makki Ali , Torabinejad Mahmoud 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The dental anesthesia sonophoresis device (DASD) is a novel device that is intended to reduce the discomfort associated with intraoral mucosa needle puncture. The DASD produces ultrasonic energy that provides a sonophoretic effect on the oral mucosa, generating microchannels through the lipids between the keratinized cells that make up the stratum corneum. Once the topical anesthetic has permeated the stratum corneum, it quickly diffuses through the soft tissue, desensitizing the nerve endings and reducing the perception of pain caused by needle penetration. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether topical anesthesia applied using the DASD will reduce the discomfort of the needle puncture when compared to the control device. A split-mouth model, using 50 healthy subjects with puncture site at the maxillary canine vestibule, was used for this study. Subjects received a needle puncture on both sides of the mouth. Prior to the needle puncture, there was randomized application of 5% lidocaine with the DASD and a control device. Subjects rated their discomfort after needle punctures utilizing the visual analog scale pain scoring system. There was no statistically significant difference in the pain perception using the DASD versus the control device.
Environmental agents in Lake Łuknajno (Poland) affecting the genome of Chironomus melanotus Keyl, 1961 (Diptera, Chironomidae) — a new species of Polish fauna
Authors: Jabłońska-Barna Izabela , Szarek-Gwiazda Ewa , Michailova Paraskeva 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Chironomus melanotus Keyl, a new species of Polish fauna, is described on the basis of cytogenetic characteristics. It belongs to the cytocomplex thummi with the chromosome set 2n = 8, chromosome arm combinations AB CD EF G and species-specific karyotype markers.
Two types (somatic and inherited) of structural chromosome rearrangements in salivary gland chromosomes were identified in the species and somatic rearrangements (heterozygous inversions, deficiencies, deletions — Somatic index — 0.54) were observed for the first time in this species. In addition to those in the mosaic state, some genome alterations — trisomy and “B” chromosome, as well as larval malformations (10.27%) were detected for a first time. The malformations and somatic structural and genome aberrations may have been caused by different stress agents in the environment. Thus, we suggest that the high spectrum of somatic rearrangements observed in C. melanotus may indicate the existence of pollution (elevated Cd and Pb concentrations) in Lake Łuknajno (the study area) and perhaps trace metals and different chemicals produced by the Chara species.
Ulva flexuosa subsp. pilifera (Chlorophyta, Ulvophyceae) from the Wielkopolska region (West Poland): a new observation on the ultrastructure of vegetative cells
Authors: Messyasz Beata , Czerwik-Marcinkowska Joanna , Uher Bohuslav , Rybak Andrzej , Szendzina Lidia , Pikosz Marta 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Ulva flexuosa subsp. pilifera previously known from northern Poland, from the channel near Szczecin and ponds near Łódź, has recently been found in the Malta Reservoir in the Wielkopolska (West Poland) region. Specimens collected in the Wielkopolska region were examined in detail, also under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The morphometric analysis of Ulva thalli (both young and mature specimens) was performed in order to study the differences in the ultrastructure of vegetative cells. Rectangular cells in young thalli measured from 32.21–55.81 μm to 20.24–35.12 μm, and they formed clear longitudinal rows, while cells in the mature specimens ranged from 25.09–47.66 μm to 18.90–31.56 μm. This study indicates that vegetative cells of the mature thalli show tendency towards distortions of both the longitudinal and transverse cells arrangement. This distortion is determined by the development of possible carbonate calcium crystals on the thalli surface. The ultrastructural analysis (TEM) confirmed that the structure and placement of thylakoids is genus/species specific.
A technique for continuous detection of drill liquid in ice cores
Authors: Warming E. , Svensson A. , Vallelonga P. , Bigler M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWhen drilling ice cores deeper than ∼100 m, drill liquid is required to maintain ice-core quality and to limit borehole closure. Due to high-pressure air bubbles in the ice, the ice core can crack during drilling and core retrieval, typically at 600–1200 m depth in Greenland. Ice from this ‘brittle zone’ can be contaminated by drill liquid as it seeps through cracks into the core. Continuous flow analysis (CFA) systems are routinely used to analyse ice for chemical impurities, so the detection of drill liquid is important for validating accurate measurements and avoiding potential instrument damage. An optical detector was constructed to identify drill liquid in CFA tubing by ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy at a wavelength of 290 nm. The set-up was successfully field-tested in the frame of the NEEM ice-core drilling project in Greenland. A total of 27 cases of drill liquid contamination were identified during the analysis of 175 m of brittle zone ice. The analyses most strongly affected by drill liquid contamination include insoluble dust particles, electrolytic conductivity, ammonium, hydrogen peroxide and sulphate. This method may also be applied to other types of drill liquid used at other drill sites.
Broch : la condition du somnambule
Authors: Dumas Robert 
Published: June 2013

Pourquoi lire Broch, cet écrivain sans postérité, né à Vienne en 1886 et mort en 1951, exilé aux États-Unis d’Amérique ? D’abord parce qu’il sut mettre en lumière l’homme comme être symbolique. Ensuite parce qu’il a abandonné le confort d’un milieu industriel pour se vouer à une littérature exigeante, capable d’explorer l’expérience métaphysique des hommes.
De l’observation à la protection des oiseaux
Authors: Podjed Dan 
Published: June 2013

Les ornithologues amateurs sont connus, ou au moins stéréotypés, pour leur tendance à « collectionner » les observations d’oiseaux, et à les classer dans des catégories bien organisées – les groupes taxonomiques. Mais en est-il toujours vraiment ainsi ? Les membres de la plus grande association d’ornithologie slovène fournissent un exemple contraire. Ils ont commencé à regarder les oiseaux du point de vue de la conservation de la nature. Au niveau de l’association, cette transformation du collectionneur en protecteur des oiseaux commence par le fait de se distinguer du père fondateur de l’organisation qui était la principale force qui portait le catalogage initial des oiseaux slovènes dans les années 1970 et 1980. Une transformation de l’association s’est produite après son départ ; elle a conduit les ornithologues à percevoir autrement le monde naturel. Ils continuent à observer les oiseaux, mais leur principal objectif concerne désormais la protection des oiseaux ainsi que d’autres espèces animales et végétales ainsi que leurs habitats.
Platon et le développement durable
Authors: Lane Melissa 
Published: June 2013

Le souci de ce que Platon appelait la stabilité de la relation entre la cité et l’âme devrait faire partie intégrante de ce que nous appelons « durabilité ». Non que Platon ait pensé la durabilité en termes écologiques mais sa République étudie la manière dont on peut rendre une société socialement et psychologiquement stable – non par la répression mais par l’interaction stable des motivations et des valeurs de la population de manière à produire et reproduire une forme souhaitable de relation sociale. Les moyens de parvenir à une telle stabilité – les vertus qui visent le bien de la totalité – sont déjà mis en œuvre par l’encadrement de certaines entreprises et par les militants écologistes ; leurs opposés, les vices, ont entre-temps contribué aux crises tant écologiques que financières.
STAT4 and T-bet Are Required for the Plasticity of IFN-γ Expression across Th2 Ontogeny and Influence Changes in Ifng Promoter DNA Methylation
Authors: Williams Christopher L. , Schilling Marcia M. , Cho Sung Hoon , Lee Keunwook , Wei Mei , Aditi  , Boothby Mark 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
CD4+ T cells developing toward a Th2 fate express IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 while inhibiting production of cytokines associated with other Th types, such as the Th1 cytokine IFN- γ. IL-4–producing Th2 effector cells give rise to a long-lived memory population committed to reactivation of the Th2 cytokine gene expression program. However, reactivation of these effector-derived cells under Th1-skewing conditions leads to production of IFN-γ along with IL-4 in the same cell. We now show that this flexibility (“plasticity”) of cytokine expression is preceded by a loss of the repressive DNA methylation of the Ifng promoter acquired during Th2 polarization yet requires STAT4 along with T-box expressed in T cells. Surprisingly, loss of either STAT4 or T-box expressed in T cells increased Ifng promoter CpG methylation in both effector and memory Th2 cells. Taken together, our data suggest a model in which the expression of IFN-γ by Th2-derived memory cells involves attenuation of epigenetic repression in memory Th2 cells, combined with Th1-polarizing signals after their recall activation.
B Cell–Intrinsic TLR7 Signaling Is Required for Optimal B Cell Responses during Chronic Viral Infection
Authors: Clingan Jonathan M. , Matloubian Mehrdad 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The importance for activation of innate immunity by pattern recognition receptors in forming an effective adaptive immune response is well known. TLRs were demonstrated to be critical for Ab responses to a variety of immunizations. In particular, recent evidence suggests that B cell–intrinsic TLR signaling is required for optimal responses to virus-like Ags, but the mechanisms by which TLR signaling impacts Ab responses during infection in vivo is unclear. In the current study, we demonstrate that deficiency of TLR7 in B cells alone is sufficient to significantly impact Ab responses in mice during chronic viral infection. This effect was independent of T follicular helper cells and resulted in a loss of plasma cells generated later, but not early, in the response. The defect in plasma cell formation appeared to be secondary to a qualitative effect of TLR signaling on the germinal center (GC) B cell response. GC B cells in TLR7-deficient mice proliferated to a lesser extent and had a greater proportion of cells with phenotypic characteristics of light zone, relative to dark zone, GC B cells. These results suggest that B cell–intrinsic TLR signaling in vivo likely affects plasma cell output by altered selection of Ag-specific B cells in the GC.
CD160 Activation by Herpesvirus Entry Mediator Augments Inflammatory Cytokine Production and Cytolytic Function by NK Cells
Authors: Šedý John R. , Bjordahl Ryan L. , Bekiaris Vasileios , Macauley Matthew G. , Ware Brian C. , Norris Paula S. , Lurain Nell S. , Benedict Chris A. , Ware Carl F. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Lymphocyte activation is regulated by costimulatory and inhibitory receptors, of which both B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and CD160 engage herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM). Notably, it remains unclear how HVEM functions with each of its ligands during immune responses. In this study, we show that HVEM specifically activates CD160 on effector NK cells challenged with virus-infected cells. Human CD56dim NK cells were costimulated specifically by HVEM but not by other receptors that share the HVEM ligands LIGHT, Lymphotoxin-α, or BTLA. HVEM enhanced human NK cell activation by type I IFN and IL-2, resulting in increased IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion, and tumor cell–expressed HVEM activated CD160 in a human NK cell line, causing rapid hyperphosphorylation of serine kinases ERK1/2 and AKT and enhanced cytolysis of target cells. In contrast, HVEM activation of BTLA reduced cytolysis of target cells. Together, our results demonstrate that HVEM functions as a regulator of immune function that activates NK cells via CD160 and limits lymphocyte-induced inflammation via association with BTLA.
ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (ENOS) GENE POLYMORPHISM IS ASSOCIATED WITH AGE ONSET OF MENARCHE IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE FEMALES OF INDIA
Authors: Nishank Sudhansu Sekhar 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT Background and Objective : Females with sickle cell disease (SCD) often show late onset of menarche. In transgenic sickle cell mouse, deficiency of gene encoding endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has been reported to be associated with late onset of menarche. Thus to explore the possible association of eNOS gene polymorphism with age of onset of menarche in SCD females, 3 important eNOS gene polymorphism- eNOS 4a/b, eNOS 894G>T and eNOS-786 T>C and plasma nitrite levels were tested among three groups of females- SCD late menarche, SCD early menarche and control females. Methods : PCR-RFLP method for genotyping eNOS gene polymorphisms and quantification of plasma nitrite level by ELISA based commercial kits were used Results: SCD late menarche females showed significantly higher prevalence and higher association of heterozygous genotypes, higher frequency of mutant alleles ‘4a’, ‘T’ and ‘C’ as compared to that of control group and SCD early menarche group. The frequency of haplotype ‘4a-G-C’ and haplotype’ 4b-G-C’ (alleles in order of eNOS 4a/b, eNOS 894G>T and eNOS-786 T>C respectively) were found to be significantly high in SCD late menarche compared to combined groups of SCD early menarche and controls. SCD late menarche group had significantly low level of plasma nitrite concentration for all 3 eNOS gene polymorphisms as compared to controls and SCD early menarche females. Conclusion: eNOS gene polymorphism may influence age of onset of menarche in SCD females. Key words : eNOS gene, sickle cell disease, menarche, haplotype, nitric oxide
DIAMOND BLACKFAN ANEMIA: A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE EXPERIENCE
Authors: Singh Avinash Kumar , Seth Tulika , Radhakrishnan Nita , Mishra Pravas , Mahapatra Manoranjan , Pati Haraprasad 
Published: June 2013

Introduction: Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital hypoplastic anemia that usually presents early in infancy. Methods: All consecutive children of DBA attending the Department of Hematology OPD, AIIMS were included in the study. This is a retrospective study, with few cases enrolled prospectively, over the last 3 years. Aim: To study the clinical profile & treatment response of Diamond Blackfan anemia patients at our center. Results: 10 patients were included in the study; male: female ratio was 9:1. Median age was 2.5 yrs, ranging from 4 months to 8 yrs. Anemia requiring frequent blood transfusions was the predominant complaint since infancy. Two children were siblings.Abnormal phenotypic features were observed in 60%. The craniofacial abnormalities seen included triangular facies with DBA phenotype 50 % (5), microcephaly 10 %( 1), low set ears 10 %( 1), low hairline 10 %( 1), wide spaced teeth 10%( 1), malar prominence 10 %( 1), wide spaced toes 10 %( 1), growth failure 30%( 3) and wide spaced nipple10 % (1). Out of 10 patients, 5(50%) are transfusion independent on steroids, 4 patients had partial response with steroids and 1 had partial response on cyclosporine with occasional transfusions and the other 3 are transfusion dependent and on iron chelation. Conclusion: DBA is a rare congenital hypoplastic anemia. About 50% of patients have a good response to steroids.
Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Atypical Presentation And First ADAMTS 13 Mutation In A Tunisian Child
Authors: Borgi Aida 
Published: June 2013

Background: Congenital deficiency of ADAMTS13 is characterized by systemic platelet clumping, hemolytic anemia and multiorgan failure. Although, more than 100 mutations have been reported, atypical clinical presentation may be involved in diagnostic difficulties. Case report: A 2 year old Tunisian child presented with chronic thrombopenic purpura which failed to respond to corticosteroids. Hemolytic anemia with schizocytes, occurred ten months later, with no previous history of diarrhea or any neurological abnormality. Renal function, coagulation screening tests and complement assay were normal. The count of platelet improved after fresh frozen infusion (FFP). Extensive investigations revealed a severe deficiency of ADAMTS 13 activity (level< 5%). Gene sequencing identified mutation in exon 18 of ADAMTS 13 gene. Prophylactic regimen with regular infusions of FFP was associated to favorable outcome. Conclusion: Early ADAMTS 13 activity testing and gene sequencing associated to precocious plasmatherapy are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality of congenital TTP.
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR IN CHILDREN WITH THALASSEMIA MAJOR PDF
Authors: Fahmey Sameh Samir , Naguib Hassan , Abdelshafy Sanna , Alashry Rasha 
Published: June 2013

Background: The β-Thalassemia syndromes are the most common hereditary chronic hemolytic anemia due to impaired globin chain synthesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays several roles in angiogenesis which is a crucial process in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory, autoimmune and malignant diseases .Endothelial damage and inflammation make a significant contribution to the pathophysiology of β-thalassemia. Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess serum VEGF level in children with beta-thalassemia major as a marker of angiogenesis. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 40 patients with thalassemia major and 10 healthy controls and assayed for VEGF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: VEGF level was significantly higher in patients with β-Thalassemia major than healthy controls (p=0.001).In addition, VEGF level was higher in splenectomised thalassemic patients than non splenectomised ones (p=0.001) .However, there were a positive correlation between VEGF and chelation starting age (p=0.008) and a negative correlation between VEGF and frequency of blood transfusion (p=0.002). Conclusion: thalassemia patients, especially splenectomized, have elevated serum levels of VEGF. Early chelation and regular blood transfusion help to decrease serum VEGF and the risk of angiogenesis.
Microfilariasis of the breast mimicking malignancy
Authors: Chaudhuri Tamojit , Yadava Kamlesh , Ray Pabitra 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe report a 65-year-old female who presented with a 3.5x3 cm retro-areolar lump of the right breast with associated right axillary lymphadenopathy, mimicking breast cancer. Mammography showed a well-defined mass in the central quadrant of the right breast. Fine needle aspiration cytology from the breast lump demonstrated many microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti.
Uma leitura sobre a percepção de autores em relação aos conceitos de estratégia
Authors: De Oliveira Edi Carlos , Tatto Luiz 
Published: June 2013

O campo da Estratégia tem sido amplamente estudado desde a década de 1960 e, embora muito já se tenha avançado, ainda há espaço para novas contribuições, pois a estratégia é fundamental na sobrevivência das orga- nizações. 0 que muitos não admitem é que o conceito de estratégia, sua finalidade e entendimento nem sempre estão claros, pois “estratégia” é uma daquelas palavras que todos pensam saber o que significa, mas quando têm de explicar, não é tarefa das mais fáceis. Para entendê-la, nada melhor do que fazer uma incursão histórica e visitar as ideias de quem dedicou tempo e esforço no entendimento do tema. O presente ensaio foi delineado com o propósito de evidenciar o posicionamento dos autores mais relevantes que compõem o mainstream da área de Estratégia e, a partir dessa percepção, foram relacionadas as convergências e divergências acerca das definições. Desse modo, para que a compilação de dados fosse realizada, utilizaram-se artigos científicos e cons- truções teóricas alicerçadas em livros seminais da área de Estratégia. Posteriormente às fases de coleta, análise e interpretação dos dados, selecionaram-se aqueles autores que melhor transparecem os conceitos mais utilizados e que apresentam o escopo do tema em questão. A partir das evidências destacadas, buscou-se apresentar um posicionamento não único e conclusivo sobre a percepção de autores em relação aos conceitos de estratégia, às críticas e às diferenças da sua natureza prescritiva ou descritiva, a fim de possibilitar ao leitor a sistematização das interpretações e a formação de um panorama geral sobre o tema.
Spatiotemporal Control of Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells and in Mice Using the LightOn System
Authors: Chen Xianjun , Wang Xue , Du Zengmin , Ma Zhengcai , Yang Yi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA light‐switchable transgene system could be a powerful optogenetic tool for the precise manipulation of spatiotemporal gene expression in multicellular organisms. We have developed the LightOn system, which consists of a single chimeric protein (GAVPO) that can homodimerize and bind to promoters upon exposure to blue light, activating transcription of a target gene. This article describes protocols for precise control of gene expression in mammalian cells and mice using the LightOn system. These protocols can be carried out in an ordinary laboratory, as both liposome‐mediated transfection and hydrodynamic tail vein injection are routine methods that can easily transfer the LightOn system to mammalian cells and mouse liver, respectively. The illumination equipment can also be easily obtained. The LightOn system can provide a robust, convenient means to control the expression of a gene of interest, with unprecedented temporal and spatial accuracy in manipulating an extremely broad range of biological processes. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 5:111‐129 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.