bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling description of the yielding transition in soft amorphous solids at zero temperature
Authors: Lin Jie , Lerner Edan , Rosso Alberto , Wyart Matthieu 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Yield stress solids flow if a sufficiently large shear stress is applied. Although such materials are ubiquitous and relevant for industry, there is no accepted microscopic description of how they yield. Here we propose a scaling description of the yielding transition that relates the flow curve, the statistics of the avalanches of plasticity observed at threshold, and the density of local zones that are about to yield. Our description shares some similarity with the depinning transition that occurs when an elastic manifold is driven through a random potential, but also presents some striking differences. Numerical simulations on a simple elasto-plastic model find good agreement with our predictions.
Conifer species adapt to low-rainfall climates by following one of two divergent pathways
Authors: Brodribb Timothy J. , McAdam Scott A.M. , Jordan Gregory J. , Martins Samuel C.V. 
Published: September 2014

Significance
A major determinant of plant species distribution on Earth is a specific tolerance to soil drying, yet there are currently no functional or anatomical characteristics that can predict species’ requirement for rainfall. This study examines the systems responsible for controlling water delivery and water loss in the leaves of conifers and finds functional evidence of how conifers have evolved in drying climates over the course of the last 150 million years. Two “strategies” for conserving water during water stress emerged. One group relied on the plant hormone abscisic acid to maintain stomata closed during sustained drought, and another, more derived group allowed leaves to dehydrate and resisted damage by producing a water transport system capable of functioning under the extreme tension that develops in water-stressed plants.
Ribosome-induced tuning of GTP hydrolysis by a translational GTPase
Authors: Maracci Cristina , Peske Frank , Dannies Ev , Pohl Corinna , Rodnina Marina V. 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Translational elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) utilizes GTP hydrolysis to control the speed and fidelity of decoding. We explored the reaction coordinate for GTP hydrolysis by EF-Tu and the origins of the million-fold activation effect of the ribosome. We show that amino acid residues in the P loop (Asp21) and switch II region (His84) are key to catalysis of GTP hydrolysis on the ribosome but are not essential for the intrinsic GTPase of EF-Tu. We conclude that the ribosome contributes to catalysis indirectly, by inducing a conformation that provides an electrostatic stabilization of the transition state. Translational GTPases provide yet another example of how the ribosome, an ancient RNA-based catalyst, solves problems posed by the limited catalytic power of RNA.
Enhanced natural killer-cell and T-cell responses to influenza A virus during pregnancy
Authors: Kay Alexander W. , Fukuyama Julia , Aziz Natali , Dekker Cornelia L. , Mackey Sally , Swan Gary E. , Davis Mark M. , Holmes Susan , Blish Catherine A. 
Published: September 2014

SignificancePregnant women are subject to increased morbidity and mortality after influenza-virus infection. Pregnancy-induced suppression of the cellular immune system to promote fetal tolerance has been suggested as a potential mechanism. Here, we report that, whereas pregnant women indeed have decreased natural killer (NK)- and T-cell functional responses after nonspecific stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin, they have significantly increased NK- and T-cell responses to influenza virus compared with nonpregnant women. Intriguingly, these differences were present prior to influenza vaccination and were further enhanced after vaccination. Collectively, our data suggest a model in which an enhanced inflammatory response to influenza during pregnancy results in additional pathology in pregnant women, providing a potential explanation for their disproportionate morbidity and mortality.
Rcpi: R/Bioconductor package to generate various descriptors of proteins, compounds and their interactions
Authors: Cao Dong-Sheng , Xiao Nan , Xu Qing-Song , Chen Alex F. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Summary: In chemoinformatics and bioinformatics fields, one of the main computational challenges in various predictive modeling is to find a suitable way to effectively represent the molecules under investigation, such as small molecules, proteins and even complex interactions. To solve this problem, we developed a freely available R/Bioconductor package, called Compound–Protein Interaction with R (Rcpi), for complex molecular representation from drugs, proteins and more complex interactions, including protein–protein and compound–protein interactions. Rcpi could calculate a large number of structural and physicochemical features of proteins and peptides from amino acid sequences, molecular descriptors of small molecules from their topology and protein–protein interaction and compound–protein interaction descriptors. In addition to main functionalities, Rcpi could also provide a number of useful auxiliary utilities to facilitate the user’s need. With the descriptors calculated by this package, the users could conveniently apply various statistical machine learning methods in R to solve various biological and drug research questions in computational biology and drug discovery.
Availability and implementation: Rcpi is freely available from the Bioconductor site ( http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/Rcpi.html ).
Contact: oriental-cds@163.com
Duodenal Morphometry and Small Bowel Permeability in Children With Portal Hypertension
Authors: Borkar Vibhor V. , Poddar Ujjal , Kumari Niraj , Singh Suruchi , Roy Raja , Yachha Surender K. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTObjective:We prospectively studied children with portal hypertension (PHT) for portal hypertensive duodenopathy (PHTD) and small bowel intestinal permeability (SIP) with the objectives of defining histopathological parameters for PHTD and to find out whether any association existed among structural changes, SIP, and nutritional status.Method:SIP was assessed by using lactulose and mannitol sugar probes in 31 children with PHT (cirrhosis n = 15 and extrahepatic portal venous obstruction n = 16) and 15 healthy children as controls. Morphometric assessment from duodenal biopsies was done in children with PHT. SIP and morphometric parameters were correlated with nutritional status and dietary intake.Results:Among children with PHT, 48% had PHTD defined as presence of villous atrophy (villous to crypt ratio < 2.5:1), dilated capillaries (capillary diameter > 16.8 μm, capillary area > 151 μm2, capillary perimeter > 56 μm), and thickened muscularis mucosae (>22.2 μm). Lactulose excretion alone was increased in children with PHT as compared with healthy children (median %: 0.03, 0.02, and 0.01 for cirrhosis, extrahepatic portal venous obstruction, and controls, respectively [P < 0.01]) signifying increased paracellular permeability in PHT. Children with PHT had significantly lower z scores for height, weight, and triceps skin‐fold thickness (<−2SD), whereas no differences were found in dietary intake between patients and controls. Increased SIP, nutritional compromise, and PHTD in our patients had no correlation.Conclusions:PHT is often associated with duodenopathy. SIP does occur as a result of increased paracellular permeability. Factors of increased SIP, undernutrition, and PHTD do not have correlation in childhood PHT.
Serum Protein Profiling of Adults and Children With Crohn Disease
Authors: Vaiopoulou Anna , Gazouli Maria , Papadopoulou Aggeliki , Anagnostopoulos Athanassios K. , Karamanolis George , Theodoropoulos George E. , M'Koma Amosy , Tsangaris George T. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), known collectively as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), are chronic immunoinflammatory pathologies of unknown aetiology. Despite the frequent use of biomarkers in medical practice, there is a relative lack of information regarding validated paediatric biomarkers for IBD. Furthermore, biomarkers proved to be efficacious in adults are frequently extrapolated to the paediatric clinical setting without considering that the pathogenesis of many diseases is distinctly different in children. In the present study, proteomics technology was used to monitor differences in protein expression among adult and young patients with CD, identify a panel of candidate protein biomarkers that may be used to improve prognostic–diagnostic accuracy, and advance paediatric medical care.Methods:Male and female serum samples from 12 adults and 12 children with active CD were subjected to 2‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Following the relative quantitation of protein spots exhibiting a differential expression between the 2 groups by densitometry, the spots were further characterized by matrix‐assisted laser desorption tandem time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. The results were confirmed by Western blot analysis.Results:Clusterin was found to be significantly overexpressed in adults with CD, whereas ceruloplasmin and apolipoprotein B‐100 were found to be significantly overexpressed in children, indicating that the expression of these proteins may be implicated in the onset or progression of CD in these 2 subgroups of patients.Conclusions:Interestingly, we found a differential expression of several proteins in adults versus paediatric patients with CD. Undoubtedly, future experiments using a larger cohort of patients with CD are needed to evaluate the relevance of our preliminary findings.
Crystal structure of 4,5-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole methanol monosolvate
Authors: Madadi Nikhil Reddy , Penthala Narsimha Reddy , Bommagani Shobanbabu , Parkin Sean , Crooks Peter A. 
Published: September 2014

The title compound, C20H23N3O6·CH3OH, was synthesized by [3 + 2] cycloaddition of(Z)-2,3-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile with sodium azide and ammonium chloride in DMF/water. The central nitrogen of the triazole ring is protonated. The dihedral angles between the triazole ring and the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl ring planes are 34.31 (4) and 45.03 (5)°, while that between the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl rings is 51.87 (5)°. In the crystal, the molecules, along with two methanol solvent molecules are linked into anR44(10) centrosymmetric dimer by N—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds.
Transfer pricing: aligning the research agenda to organizational reality
Authors: Plesner Rossing Christian , Rohde Carsten 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to critically review the empirical transfer pricing literature as a means of determining the agenda for future research.Design/methodology/approach– The review is carried out primarily by searching databases, academic journals and books. Second, professional surveys are reviewed to inform the development of research ideas.Findings– The understanding and ability to explain international transfer pricing in practice remain limited despite a rapidly increasing tax regulatory pressure on multinational enterprises. One important explanatory factor is that accounting and tax research has not been integrated to a sufficient extent. As a consequence, rather isolated research streams and knowledge building have taken place, failing to leverage the synergies of a combined research approach.Research limitations/implications– A stronger emphasis on the outcome of specific transfer pricing system designs would improve the literature’s current status in terms of whether the objectives aimed at by the system are actually achieved. A new framework and promising research questions are proposed to guide future work on this issue.Practical implications– The proposed framework may serve as guidance for practitioners seeking to assess the performance of specific transfer pricing systems and potentially provide directions for refinement of current system designs when dysfunctional consequences are identified.Originality/value– Previous transfer pricing research has taken a rather isolated approach. This paper is an attempt to guide future transfer pricing research towards an inter-disciplinary approach.
Stakeholder prioritisation by Mayors and CEOs in infrastructure asset decisions
Authors: Siriwardhane Pavithra , Taylor Dennis 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– The purpose of the study is to investigate differences between the perceptions of the Mayors and Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of local government authorities (LGAs) with regards to the attributes of power, legitimacy and urgency of different identified stakeholder groups regarding their claims and needs concerning infrastructure assets. Stakeholder groups are categorised into those at the public level and those at higher-tier government level.Design/methodology/approach– A survey of 420 LGAs throughout Australia was undertaken using an instrument developed from the constructs in Mitchellet al.’s (1997) theory of stakeholder identification and salience.Findings– The results first reveal that there are more similarities than differences between the perceptions of the Mayors and CEOs with regard to stakeholder attributes of different stakeholder groups. Second, both Mayors and CEOs view stakeholders in infrastructure decision-making as largely “expectant dependant”. However, there is evidence that some biased priority may be accorded to the “public stakeholder” category over “higher-tier government” category because the CEO’s perception of the power of “public” stakeholders, together with the Mayor’s managerial values, is significantly positively related to their perceptions of the salience of these “public” stakeholders, but not “higher-tier government” stakeholders. However the results of the analysis change in the combined sample of the Mayor and CEO, making both categories of stakeholders as “definitive” in infrastructure decision-making.Research limitations/implications– The results of this study are subject to the usual limitation of mail surveys, including biases that can arise in respondents’ rating based on their perceptions. The findings have implications for the process of infrastructure decision-making in local governments.Originality/value– This paper contributes to the literature, providing evidence on how Mayors and CEOs of local governments prioritise the needs, interests and claims of different stakeholders with respect to infrastructure assets.
Harmonization of management accounting in health care
Authors: Kantola Hannele 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the standardization of cost accounting by diagnosis-related groups (DRG) and how specialized medical care has managed this change in Finland.

Design/methodology/approach
– Qualitative research material was collected over six years to analyze the changes in the standardization process.

Findings
– It was found that individual actors customize the process to meet their needs. Because the goal of standardization is comparison, the customization does not result in a homogenous national system.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper’s limitation is that it focusses on an investigation of the adoption and use of the DRG system in hospital districts. Extending the research from this area to also cover health centres and regional hospitals could provide a broader picture of the use of the system.

Practical implications
– Even though the actors report that they are using the DRG, our research illustrates how the same system is used in different ways and for different purposes in different organizations that impacts the original goal of national cost comparability.

Originality/value
– This paper’s contribution is to show how the construction of an accounting system takes shape when spreading through organizations and society, and how its homogeneous nature is managed.
Neither real nor fictitious but ‘as if real'? A political ontology of the state
Authors: Hay Colin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe state is one of series of concepts (capitalism, patriarchy and class being others) which pose a particular kind of ontological difficulty and provoke a particular kind of ontological controversy – for it is far from self‐evident that the object or entity to which they refer is in any obvious sense ‘real’. In this paper I make the case for developing a distinct political ontology of the state which builds from such a reflection. In the process, I argue that the state is neither real nor fictitious, but ‘as if real’ – a conceptual abstraction whose value is best seen as an open analytical question. Thus understood, the state possesses no agency per se though it serves to define and construct a series of contexts within which political agency is both authorized (in the name of the state) and enacted (by those thereby authorized). The state is thus revealed as a dynamic institutional complex whose unity is at best partial, the constantly evolving outcome of unifying tendencies and dis‐unifying counter‐tendencies.
Frenzied attacks. A micro‐sociological analysis of the emotional dynamics of extreme youth violence
Authors: Weenink Don 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInspired by phenomenological and interactionist studies of youth violence, this article offers an empirical evaluation of Collins's micro‐sociological theory of violence. The main question is whether situations of extreme violence have distinct situational dynamics. Based on analyses of 159 interactions taken from judicial case files, situations of extreme youth violence, here called frenzied attacks, were identified on the basis of the state of encapsulation of the attackers (absorbed in the violence, their sole focus is the destruction of the victim) and the disproportionateness of the violence (the attackers continue to hurt the victims even though they do not pose a threat or a challenge to them). Qualitative and statistical analyses revealed that this emotional state results from a social figuration in which the emotional balance shifts toward complete dominance of the attackers. Thus, the occurrence of frenzied attacks is associated with the moment victims hit the ground, paralyse and start to apologize, with the numerical dominance of the attackers' supportive group and with feelings of group membership, in the form of solidarity excitement and family ties in the attackers' group. Alcohol intoxication is of influence as well, but contrary to the expectation, this effect was independent from solidarity excitement. The article concludes that Collins's theory on the emotional dynamics of violence adds a new dimension to the phenomenological and interactionist traditions of research.
Extraction and Enrichment of Triazole and Triazine Pesticides from Honey Using Air‐Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction
Authors: Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Feriduni Behruz , Mogaddam Mohammad Reza Afshar 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn the present work, an easy, fast, and effective approach is developed for the extraction and enrichment of triazole and triazine pesticides in honey by air‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection. Initially, honey is dissolved in an acetonitrile: water mixture and after that a few microliter of a less soluble organic solvent in aqueous phase is added. In order to form a cloudy solution, the extractant mixed with aqueous phase is repeatedly sucked and expelled by a syringe needle into a glass tube. After centrifugation, the sedimented phase (1 mL) is removed with a syringe and injected into de‐ionized water. By this action, the settled phase volume is reduced to 10 μL and the analytes are concentrated, too. Under optimum extraction conditions, limits of detection and quantitation for the studied pesticides are in the ranges of 2 to 5 and 6 to 17 ng/g, respectively. Extraction recoveries and enrichment factors are from 61% to 95% and 61 to 95, respectively.
The Cardiovascular Disease Risks of Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome and Inflammatory Responses on Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: From the Association to Clinical Prognosis
Authors: Xu Gaosi , Yan Yan , Liu Yanna 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBackgroundPrevious data have suggested the potential risk of low serum‐free triiodothyronine (FT3) on the cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the roles of FT3 and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in the developing of CVD events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not been investigated.Patients and MethodsA total of 176 consecutive patients with CKD underwent thyroid function, IL‐6, and echocardiography evaluation. They were divided into two subgroups: group I, 77 patients with IL‐6 >200 ng/L, and group II, 99 patients with IL‐6 <200 ng/L. The total patients were also divided into two subgroups according to their serum FT3: group A, 83 patients with FT3 <4.0 pmol/L, and group B, 93 patients with FT3 >4.0 pmol/L.ResultsSerum FT3 (β = −0.21, P < 0.01), IL‐6 (β = 0.48, P < 0.01), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px, β = −0.58, P < 0.01) were found independently associated with left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Patients with higher IL‐6 had significantly higher CVD incidence than those with IL‐6 <200 ng/L (HR 1.98, P = 0.014); Patients with lower FT3 had significantly higher CVD incidence than those with FT3 >4.0 pmol/L (HR 1.81, P = 0.038), when extensive demographics, comorbidities and laboratory adjustments were made.ConclusionsSerum levels of FT3 and IL‐6 were associated with the LVMI and previous CVD events; lower FT3 and higher IL‐6 were strong predictors of subsequent CVD events in patients with CKD.
The determinants and market reaction to Open Briefings: an investor relations option and evidence on the effectiveness of disclosure
Authors: Ferguson Andrew , Scott Tom 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOpen Briefings are market announcements styled as question and answer transcripts from a mock analyst interview and run by Orient Capital, an investor relations consultant. We found that Open Briefings are used by both growth and mature firms, and that Open Briefings are significant market events at both the daily and intraday level. In addition, the positive abnormal return does not soon reverse, suggesting Open Briefings are used by investors. We contribute to the existing literature by finding a stronger market reaction for firms with greater incentives to increase market awareness.
Robust Small Sample Inference for Generalised Estimating Equations: An Application of the Anova‐type Test
Authors: Fan Chunpeng , Zhang Donghui 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAsymptotically, the Wald‐type test for generalised estimating equations (GEE) models can control the type I error rate at the nominal level. However in small sample studies, it may lead to inflated type I error rates. Even with currently available small sample corrections for the GEE Wald‐type test, the type I error rate inflation is still serious when the tested contrast is multidimensional. This paper extends the ANOVA‐type test for heteroscedastic factorial designs to GEE and shows that the proposed ANOVA‐type test can also control the type I error rate at the nominal level in small sample studies while still maintaining robustness with respect to mis‐specification of the working correlation matrix. Differences of inference between the Wald‐type test and the proposed test are observed in a two‐way repeated measures ANOVA model for a diet‐induced obesity study and a two‐way repeated measures logistic regression for a collagen‐induced arthritis study. Simulation studies confirm that the proposed test has better control of the type I error rate than the Wald‐type test in small sample repeated measures models. Additional simulation studies further show that the proposed test can even achieve larger power than the Wald‐type test in some cases of the large sample repeated measures ANOVA models that were investigated.