Condition assessment of the Means оf Fighting Forest Fires and Economic Efficiency of their Application
Authors: Коршунов Н.А. , Мартынюк А.А. , Савченкова В.А. , Калинин М.С. 
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена оценке эффективности применения наилучших отечественных методов и технологий, а также средств обнаружения, управления и тушения лесных пожаров в России. На более ранних этапах исследований проведена сравнительная оценка новых технологических решений и экспериментальных образцов в производственной практике и предложены критерии отбора лучших из них. В ходе исследований обобщены сведения о количестве и техническом составе лесопожарных формирований 84 субъектов Российской Федерации и о 8 новых успешных практиках, на их примере составлен прогноз развития перспективных технологий обнаружения, управления и тушения лесных пожаров. С учетом рассчитанного уровня эффективности сделана корректировка ключевого показателя государственной программы «Развитие лесного хозяйства» на период 2013–2020 годы подпрограммы «Охрана и защита лесов» – «Доля лесных пожаров, ликвидированных в течение первых суток с момента обнаружения, в общем количестве лесных пожаров». Для оценки эффективности принимаемых решений приведен расчет затрат на внедрение перспективного оборудования и техники.
The article is devoted to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the best domestic methods and technologies and means of detection, control and extinguishing forest fires in Russia. In the course of the study, a comparative assessment of the accumulated new technological solutions and experimental samples in the production practice was made and the criteria for selecting the best of them were proposed. More than 6 subjects of the Russian Federation were taken as an example, in which promising technological and technical solutions were chosen by expert means. 12 new successful practices were chosen and on their example the forecast of development of perspective technologies of detection, management and suppression of forest fires was made. Market analysis of methods and technologies, as well as means of detection, management and extinguishing forest fires, including a comparative analysis of their economic efficiency, and the economic justification of the proposed solution was made on the basis of these results at this stage of the study to assess the effectiveness of the selected practices. Given the significant difference in forest growth conditions, even within the territory of one subject of the Russian Federation, efficiency was considered as a relative concept, namely, the ratio of the result to the goals pursued, which leads to the degree of implementation of the goals – the more results meet the goals, the higher the efficiency. The payback period of one-time costs was determined simultaneously with the calculation of the economic efficiency of the selected solutions. The adjustment of the key indicator of the state program «development of forestry» for the period 2013-2020 of the subprogram «protection and protection of forests ««the Share of forest fires, liquidated during the first day from the moment of detection, in the total number of forest fires» was made taking into account the calculated level of efficiency. Calculation of costs for the introduction of advanced equipment was carried out in order to assess the effectiveness of decisions.