bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontiers of rapid itch relief: a review of methylprednisolone aceponate
Authors: Ponte L. García , Ebert U. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn a paediatric population, the successful management of childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) should include the careful evaluation and selection of available therapies, based not only on demonstrated safety and tolerability in small children and infants, but also on their evidence‐based, anti‐pruritic benefits. Moreover, the speed of anti‐pruritic effect should be considered a significant parameter in treatment selection. The fourth‐generation topical corticosteroid (TC) methylprednisolone aceponate (MPA) is a potent anti‐inflammatory agent with a demonstrated fast and effective itch relief profile in children and infants (as young as 2 months) with AD. Compared with traditional TCs, MPA has a significantly improved therapeutic index; that is, increased potency without a proportionate increase in side effects. In addition to its established efficacy, the once‐daily application and broad range of available formulations make MPA an optimal choice for acute and maintenance therapy in paediatric patients with AD‐related pruritus.
Effective use of methylprednisolone aceponate 0.1% in a 9‐month‐old infant with atopic eczema and sleep disturbance
Authors: Machado S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA 9‐month‐old infant, with no family history of atopy, presenting with erythematous, itchy plaques, and sleep disturbance, was diagnosed with atopic eczema (AE). Previous treatment with topical hydrocortisone and emollients had little effect. The infant was treated nightly with methylprednisolone aceponate (MPA) 0.1% (Advantan®) cream, in addition to emollients and an oral antihistamine. After 1 week of once‐daily MPA 0.1% treatment, followed by 1 week of alternate‐day treatment with Advantan, significant improvements in AE symptoms and sleep were observed. The patient's caregiver reported overall treatment satisfaction and no side effects of Advantan. For this infant with newly diagnosed AE, Advantan improved symptoms and sleep quality in a safe and well‐tolerated manner.
Methylprednisolone aceponate 0.1% in the treatment of pruritic lichenified eczema in a 3‐year‐old child with chronic atopic dermatitis
Authors: Torrelo A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA 3‐year‐old girl with a > 2‐year history of atopic dermatitis (AD) and known egg allergy, presented with an extensive AD flare including exudative eczematous lesions and lichenification on her flexures. The patient reported intense pruritus and showed signs of scratching on her trunk, arms, buttocks and thighs. After 2 weeks of twice‐daily application of methylprednisolone aceponate (MPA) 0.1% (Advantan®), temporary withdrawal of emollients, and mild bathing/cleanser use, the eczematic condition was considered clear, and marked improvement of all treated lesions (including disappearance of scaling) were observed. No side effects of Advantan were reported; the patient's parents expressed a high level of satisfaction with treatment. Advantan was safe and effective in controlling a severe pruritic flare of chronic AD in a small child.
Alleviation of a severe pruritic flare‐up in a 13‐year‐old child with chronic atopic dermatitis treated with methylprednisolone aceponate 0.1%
Authors: Khamaganova I. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA 13‐year‐old girl with a 12‐year history of atopic dermatitis (AD), testing positive for inhalation and foodborne allergens, presented with season‐dependent, highly pruritic AD lesions and lichenification on her cheeks, trunk, forearms, and ankle joints. After immediate treatment with oral antihistamine, followed by once‐daily methylprednisolone aceponate (MPA) 0.1% (Advantan®) cream for the facial lesions and Advantan ointment for treatment of the trunk and extremities for 7 days, marked improvement of AD signs (e.g., redness and lichenification) was noted. Pruritus was completely alleviated. No side effects were reported for Advantan. By combining multiple formulations of Advantan, treatment was tailored to successfully treat a widespread flare in this adolescent patient with chronic AD.
Morphology, function and evolution of the pseudothumb in the Otton frog
Authors: Iwai N. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFrogs and toads normally have four toes on the forelimbs and five on the hindlimbs. An exception is the Otton frog Babina subaspera, which has regained the pseudothumbs. The morphology and use of pseudothumbs in Otton frogs were compared between the sexes. The pseudothumbs, which are longer and thicker in males than in females, encase a prepollical spine that occasionally cuts through the tissue as it is projected from the sheath. The males had visible spines and demonstrated a jabbing response more often than did females. Males were observed to use their pseudothumbs in male–male combat over females or breeding nests, as well as during amplexus. There was no evidence that females use their pseudothumbs. It is suggested that pseudothumbs first evolved as an anchor for amplexus, but that they are now used as a weapon in combat as well, giving males higher fitness. The study of pseudothumbs in the Otton frog will facilitate further study of related topics of interest, including extra fingers in vertebrates, self‐damaging structures and developmental constraints in the hands.
Community nurses' experiences of ethical problems in end‐of‐life care in the patient's own home
Authors: Karlsson Margareta , Karlsson Christina , Barbosa da Silva António , Berggren Ingela , Söderlund Maud 
Published: October 2012

AimTo gain a deeper understanding of community nurses' experiences of ethical problems in end‐of‐life care in the patient′s own home.MethodTen female nurses from five different communities with experience of end‐of‐life care were interviewed. A hermeneutic approach inspired by Gadamer was used to analyse the qualitative data from the interviews.FindingsIn the first step of interpretation, two themes emerged: Uncomfortable feelings and Lack of cooperation and in the second step, one theme Lack of security emerged. Finally, the overall interpretation revealed the theme Feelings of loss of control in end‐of‐life care in the patient's own home.ConclusionThe nurses exhibited commitment and a desire to do good when caring for patients in the end‐of‐life phase, even if they sometimes experienced feelings of lack of control. This implies that, when confronted with care‐related issues, they have the power to both act and react. This study aimed to increase understanding of ethical problems that arise in end‐of‐life care in the patient's own home and revealed the need to take the patients', relatives' and nurses' perspectives on health and suffering into consideration to ensure good end‐of‐life home care.
Selective Cytopheretic Inhibitory Device With Regional Citrate Anticoagulation and Portable Sorbent Dialysis
Authors: Pino Christopher J. , Farokhrani Amin , Lou Liandi , Smith Peter L. , Johnston Kimberly , Buffington Deborah A. , Humes H. David 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSelective cytopheretic inhibitory device (SCD) therapy is an immunomodulatory treatment provided by a synthetic biomimetic membrane in an extracorporeal circuit, which has shown promise in preclinical large animal models of severe sepsis as well as in clinical trials treating patients with acute kidney injury and multiple organ failure. During SCD therapy, citrate is administered to lower ionized calcium levels in blood for anticoagulation and inhibition of leukocyte activation. Historically, citrate has been known to interfere with sorbent dialysis, therefore, posing a potential issue for the use of SCD therapy with a portable dialysis system. This sorbent dialysis SCD (sorbent SCD) would be well suited for battlefield and natural disaster applications where the water supply for standard dialysis is limited, and the types of injuries in those settings would benefit from SCD therapy. In order to explore the compatibility of sorbent and SCD technologies, a uremic porcine model was tested with the Allient sorbent dialysis system (Renal Solutions Incorporated, Fresenius Medical Care, Warrendale, PA, USA) and concurrent SCD therapy with regional citrate anticoagulation. The hypothesis to be assessed was whether the citrate load required by the SCD could be metabolized prior to recirculation from systemic blood back into the therapeutic circuit. Despite the fact that the sorbent SCD maintained urea clearance without any adverse hematologic events, citrate load for SCD therapy caused an interaction with the sorbent column resulting in elevated, potentially toxic aluminum levels in dialysate and in systemic blood. Alternative strategies to implement sorbent‐SCD therapy will be required, including development of alternate urease‐sorbent column binding chemistry or further changes to the sorbent‐SCD therapeutic circuit along with determining the minimum citrate concentration required for efficacious SCD treatment.
Matrix Stiffness in Three‐Dimensional Systems Effects on the Behavior of C3A Cells
Authors: Huang Xiaobo , Hang Ruiqiang , Wang Xiaoguang , Lin Naiming , Zhang Xiangyu , Tang Bin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro how the modulation of stiffness in a three‐dimensional (3D) system independently influenced the behaviors of hepatocytes. Cells of a human hepatocyte cell line, C3A, which have been used in a clinically tested bioartificial liver support system, were conducted as cell models. Using a 3D system of “mechanically tunable” alginate hydrogels, matrix stiffness was modeled by corresponding to values in normal and fibrotic livers. Through observing the cellular morphology, viability, functional protein analysis, and gene expression, the effect of the 3D matrix stiffness on C3A cells was investigated. When cultured in stiff hydrogels (12 Kpa), C3A cells adopt a growth arrested and dedifferentiated phenotype, whereas in soft hydrogels (1 Kpa), they remain differentiated phenotype. The behavior of C3A cells can be modulated via independent tuning of mechanical stimuli in the 3D alginate hydrogels, which is different from that in the two‐dimensional (2D) systems. The results indicate the importance of matrix stiffness choice for liver tissue engineering.
The Protective Effect of St. Thomas Cardioplegia Enriched With Zacopride on the Isolated Rat Heart
Authors: Wu Bei , Long Cun , Hei Feilong , Wang Shilei 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe activation of the heart inward rectifier potassium channel (IK1) can reduce the injury of myocardial cells by shortening the action potential duration and reducing intracellular calcium overload. Zacopride is a selective IK1 agonist and suppresses triggered arrhythmias in rat hearts. This investigation studied the effects of St. Thomas (ST) cardioplegia enriched with Zacopride on the isolated rat heart model. Sprague‐Dawley rat hearts were harvested and perfused for 20 minutes with 37°C Krebs‐Henseleit (KH) buffer followed by 15 minute perfusion with 4°C calcium‐free KH buffer in the Control group (Con, n = 8), ST cardioplegia in the ST group (ST, n = 8) and ST cardioplegia with Zacopride in the STZ group (STZ, n = 8). After 45 minutes of arresting, all hearts were reperfused with 37°C KH buffer for 60 minutes. Hearts in the STZ group arrested faster than the Con and ST groups (9.25 ± 2.38 s vs. 72.25 ± 8.1 s, 12.75 ± 2.87 s). The recovery of the left ventricular developed pressure, ± dP/dtmax, heart rate, and coronary flow in the STZ group is significantly better than the other two groups during reperfusion. Compared with the Con and ST groups, the STZ group showed significant decreases in the maximum carciac troponin I level (P < 0.05) and the infarct size (P < 0.05). The superoxide dismutase level in the STZ group increased during the first 20 minutes of reperfusion (P < 0.05). ST cardioplegia enriched with Zacopride has beneficial effects against ischemia‐reperfusion injury in this isolated rat heart model.
Arrival ≠ Survival
Authors: Reid J. Leighton , Holl Karen D. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSeed dispersal is commonly a limiting process in ecosystem recovery, and several recent studies have proposed novel methods for overcoming this important biological barrier, particularly in tropical pastures. Multiple experiments in various regions have shown that bird perches attract birds and increase seed dispersal but not seedling recruitment in degraded habitats. New bat‐focused restoration applications, such as roost boxes and fruit oils, have proven capable of attracting animals and augmenting seed dispersal, but these applications have yet to be vetted by seedling establishment data. Seeds and seedlings in pastures have low probability of survival, attributable to predation, dessication, rot, and competition with ruderal vegetation. As such, these novel applications are unlikely to have the desired effect of accelerating tropical forest succession. Given that seed dispersal is meaningless if arriving seeds cannot survive, and that seedling recruitment measurements are not prohibitively difficult to take, we suggest that studies of novel seed dispersal techniques should include a measure of seedling recruitment. Without this information, it cannot be assumed that such applications accelerate forest recovery.
Adaptive Cluster Sampling in the Context of Restoration
Authors: Bried Jason T. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAbundance is an important population state variable for monitoring restoration progress. Efficient sampling often proves difficult, however, when populations are sparse and patchily distributed, such as early after restoration planting. Adaptive cluster sampling (ACS) can help by concentrating search effort in high density areas, improving the encounter rate and the ability to detect a population change over time. To illustrate the problem, I determined conventional design sample sizes for estimating abundance of 12 natural populations and 24 recently planted populations (divided among two preserves) of Lupinus perennis L. (wild blue lupine). I then determined the variance efficiency of ACS relative to simple random sampling at fixed effort and cost for 10 additional planted populations in two habitats (field vs. shrubland). Conventional design sample sizes to estimate lupine stem density with 10% or 20% margins of error were many times greater than initial sample size and would require sampling at least 90% of the study area. Differences in effort requirements were negligible for the two preserves and natural versus planted populations. At fixed sample size, ACS equaled or outperformed simple random sampling in 40% of populations; this shifted to 50% after correcting for travel time among sample units. ACS appeared to be a better strategy for inter‐seeded shrubland habitat than for planted field habitat. Restoration monitoring programs should consider adaptive sampling designs, especially when reliable abundance estimation under conventional designs proves elusive.
Long‐Term Open‐Label Safety Study of Rizatriptan Acute Treatment in Pediatric Migraineurs
Authors: Hewitt David J. , Pearlman Eric , Hämäläinen Mirja , Lewis Donald , Connor Kathryn M. , Michelson David , Ceesay Paulette , Assaid Christopher , Bachman Robert , Harper Mozley Lyn , Dupre Nicole , Strickler Nancy , Mahoney Erin , Lines Christopher , Ho Tony W. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety/tolerability of rizatriptan in the long‐term acute treatment of migraine in pediatric patients.BackgroundAcute migraine treatment options for children are limited. A recent single‐attack trial demonstrated that rizatriptan is effective in eliminating migraine headache pain in this population. We evaluated the long‐term safety and efficacy of rizatriptan when used for intermittent acute treatment.MethodsOpen‐label study in pediatric migraineurs ages 12‐17 years. Patients weighing <40 kg received rizatriptan (orally disintegrating tablet) 5 mg, and those weighing ≥40 kg received 10 mg. Patients could treat up to 8 mild/moderate/severe migraine attacks per month for up to 12 months. One dose of study medication was allowed in a 24‐hour period.ResultsA total of 674 patients were enrolled, and 606 patients were treated with study medication (N = 583 for 10 mg, N = 23 for 5 mg). The mean duration in the study was 292 days, and the mean number of doses of study medication taken was 20. Over the course of the study within 14 days post‐any‐dose, 66.0% (400) of the 606 treated patients had any adverse event, 2.3% (14) discontinued due to an adverse event, 2.6% (16) had a serious adverse event, and 23.4% (142) had a triptan‐related adverse event. Of the 16 patients with serious adverse events within 14 days post‐any‐dose, the adverse events in 3 were considered drug‐related; all 3 patient's adverse events were classified as serious only because they were associated with an overdose (use of >1 dose of study medication in a 24‐hour period). The mean percentage of patient's attacks with pain freedom at 2‐hours post‐dose was 46.3%; this was relatively consistent over time (Months 1‐3 = 43.7%, Months 4‐6 = 51.9%, Months 7‐9 = 49.9%, Months 10‐12 = 49.5%).ConclusionRizatriptan was generally safe and well tolerated in the long‐term acute treatment of migraine in pediatric patients aged 12‐17 years and demonstrated a consistent treatment effect over time.
Risks and adverse outcomes associated with emergency‐release red blood cell transfusion
Authors: Mulay Sudhanshu B. , Jaben Elizabeth A. , Johnson Pamela , Badjie Karafa , Stubbs James R. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundGroup O red blood cell (RBC) units are used for emergency transfusions and are often uncrossmatched when transfused. We sought to determine the risk of alloimmunization and identify acute adverse outcomes of this practice.Study Design and MethodsThe transfusion medicine database was searched for emergency‐release transfusion (ERT) episodes from January 2006 through December 2010. The data collected included age and sex of the recipient, blood bank history, survival after the ERT episode, antibody screen results, antibody identifications, and compatibility of released units.ResultsA total of 1444 ERT episodes took place involving 1407 patients. A total of 4144 RBC units were released. Of the 129 positive antibody screens, 34 had no antibody on further work‐up, 14 had autoantibodies, 48 had a single antibody specificity, and 25 had multiple antibody specificities. Seven patients developed an antibody that could be attributed to the ERT episode, and 15 patients developed an antibody after ERT and additional RBC transfusions. There were 32 reported suspected transfusion reactions. No acute hemolytic transfusion reactions were reported. Seven patients were given a total of 10 incompatible RBC units. Of these patients, one developed a delayed serologic transfusion reaction. The rate of alloimmunization attributable to ERT was 3%. Overall, the rate of incompatible transfusion was less than 0.3% and the rate of a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction was approximately 0.02%.ConclusionThere is minimal risk associated with the release of emergency uncrossmatched blood in the setting of an acutely bleeding patient. [Correction statement added after online publication 15‐Oct‐2012: the number of patients with autoantibodies, single antibody specificity and multiple antibody specificity has been update.]
Governance, Privatization, and Systemic Risk in the Disarticulated State
Authors: Carboni Julia L. , Milward H. Brinton 
Published: October 2012

With the United States grappling with the greatest economic downturn since the Great Depression, questions are emerging about whether outsourcing contributes to the instability of government service production. In this article, the authors explore systemic risk in privatized service implementation networks. Reliance on networks of private agents for service production contributes to the disarticulated and fragmented state and increases the potential for systemic crisis if shocks to the network occur, putting vulnerable clients at risk. Government must focus on understanding systemic risk in networked governance arrangements and building resilient networks to avoid crises, the authors argue. Finally, potential research on systemic risk in networked governance arrangements is discussed.In public administration as governance, it is essential that we do not diminish our institutions to such an extent that we lose our capacity to support the development of sound public policy, as well as our ability to effectively implement that policy.
The Teleprompter Presidency: ComparingObama's Campaign and Governing Rhetoric
Authors: Olson Jeremiah , Ouyang Yu , Poe John , Trantham Austin , Waterman Richard W. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesAre the skills presidents require to be elected the same skills they will need once they assume office? Is there a change in rhetoric between presidential campaigning and presidential governing? The objective of this article is to examine those questions.MethodsWe compare candidate Barack Obama's campaign speeches with his governing speeches to determine if his rhetoric on the campaign trail provides the basis for his later governance. We compare speeches on certainty, positivity, and inclusiveness.ResultsWe find that, in general, Obama's campaign and governing rhetoric are consistent, suggesting that he used the rhetoric of the campaign to help build a basis for governance. We find no statistical difference in the level of certainty or inclusiveness that he used before or after taking office.ConclusionsWe conclude that most differences between presidential campaign rhetoric and governing rhetoric, at least in the case of Barack Obama, seem to be caused by the specifics of the political environment.
Interventions Promoting Colorectal Cancer Screening in the Hispanic Population: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Gonzalez Sussy A. , Ziebarth Terin H. , Wang Jing , Noor Attiya B. , Springer Daira L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose: To review the literature on the interventions used in the promotion of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in the Hispanic population.Organizing Construct: CRC screening and Hispanic AmericansMethods: Literature published between 1999 and 2010 was reviewed using PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus, and Cochrane Library using the key words colorectal cancer, colorectal cancer screening, and Hispanic Americans.Findings: The studies reviewed highlighted various methods of culturally appropriate CRC screening promotion in Hispanic Americans. All studies showed an increase in fecal occult blood test (FOBT) completion and to some degree an improvement in overall CRC knowledge.Conclusions: The need for increased CRC screening and awareness studies in the Hispanic population is apparent. Future studies should use colonoscopy, a more sensitive test, to better evaluate CRC screening outcomes in Hispanics.Clinical Relevance: Participation in isolated studies involving FOBT does not necessarily lead to long‐term understanding of CRC and the appropriate screening needed, hence the need for ongoing CRC education and promotion in primary care.