bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caiman-Biting Mosquitoes and the Natural Vectors of Hepatozoon caimani in Brazil
Authors: Viana Lucio André , Soares Priscilla , Paiva Fernando , Lourenço-de-Oliveira Ricardo 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Mosquitoes that feed on crocodilians are poorly known, despite the potential role of these exothermic animals as reservoirs of arboviruses. In this article, we assessed the frequency, abundance, and temporal variation of caiman-biting mosquitoes as well as searched for the natural vectors of the blood parasite of caimans, Hepatozoon caimani, in the Pantanal area of central-western Brazil from captures conducted bimonthly from September 2006 to September 2007 and in February 2008. A total of 5,272 mosquitoes belonging to 10 species of five genera was caught on caimans. The most abundant species were Culex (Melanoconion) theobaldi, Mansonia (Mansonia) titillans, Mansonia (Man.) humeralis, and Mansonia (Man.) amazonensis, which together accounted for 80% of all sampled individuals. Other blood-feeding Melanoconion species were also found quite frequently on caimans, including Culex clarki, Culex idottus, and Culex bastagarius. Oocysts of H. caimani were exclusively detected in Culex species, mainly in individuals of the subgenus Melanoconion, and we accomplished experimental transmission from naturally infected mosquitoes to uninfected Caiman yacare. The highest infection rates were observed in Cx. theobaldi (0.55%), which is therefore indicated as the primary vector of H. caimani. In addition, because the above mentioned Melanoconion and Mansonia species are abundant, widespread, and have a broad set of hosts, including crocodilians, they may be suggested as potential vectors of arboviruses, such as West Nile virus, in the Southern Cone in South America.
Changes in Development and Heat Shock Protein Expression in Two Species of Flies (Sarcophaga bullata [Diptera: Sarcophagidae] and Protophormia terraenovae [Diptera: Calliphoridae]) Reared in Different Sized Maggot Masses
Authors: Rivers David B. , Ciarlo Timothy , Spelman Michael , Brogan Rebecca 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDevelopment of two species of necrophagous flies, Sarcophaga bullata Parker (Sarcophagidae) and Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Calliphoridae), was examined in different size maggot masses generated under laboratory conditions. Larvae from both species induced elevated mass temperatures dependent on the number of individuals per mass. The relationship was more evident for S. bullata, as larvae generated higher temperatures in every size maggot mass than P. terraenovae. Several development events were altered with increasing maggot mass size of flesh flies, and to a lesser extent blow flies, which corresponded with elevated temperatures. Duration of development of all feeding larval stages decreased with increased size of maggot mass. However, the length of development during puparial stages actually increased for these same flies. Puparial weights also declined with maggot mass size, as did the ability to eclose. The altered fly development was attributed to the induction of heat stress conditions, which was evident by the expression of heat shock proteins (23, 60, 70, and 90) in larval brains of both fly types.
Left Ventricular Remodeling after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: One-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Zakkar Mustafa , Alassar Aiman , Lopez-Perez Manuel , Roy David , Brecker Stephen , Sharma Rajan , Jahangiri Marjan 
Published: January 2015

Objective The impact of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) on left ventricular (LV) mass regression is not well defined. We aimed to measure LV mass regression, changes in LV volumes and dimensions, as well as mitral valve function after TAVI. Methods Eighty patients who underwent TAVI between 2008 and 2010 were studied. Echocardiographic findings before procedure and at 6- and 12-month follow-up were analyzed. Results Aortic valve area increased from 0.71 (0.27) cm2 before procedure to 1.89 (0.64) cm2 at 12 months ( P < 0.001), which was associated with reduction in peak [80.79 (23) vs 16.9 (6.5) mm Hg, P < 0.001] and mean [47.65 (14.2) vs 8.77 (3.29) mm Hg, P < 0.001] gradients. At 1 year, there was a change in LV end-systolic volume [46.12 (36.6) to 48.96 (4.05) mL, P = 0.042] and LV mass [202.4 (92.2) to 183.6 (98.2) g, P = 0.04]. Left ventricular mass index regressed from 130.7 (28.9) to 122.1 (28.9) g/m2 ( P = 0.01). Maximum wall thickness decreased from 1.28 (0.18) to 1.25 (0.17) cm ( P < 0.001). There was no significant change in LV ejection fraction, LV end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters, as well as mitral valve regurgitation. Conclusions Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is associated with significant regression of LV hypertrophy at 1 year. However, this regression was not associated with changes in LV systolic and diastolic functions, size, or changes in mitral valve regurgitation.
Reversed halo sign caused by huge tricuspid native valve infective endocarditis associated with community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Saraya Takeshi , Kikuchi Ken , Araki Koji , Uehara Yuki , Makino Hiroshi , Tamura Masaki , Hirukawa Ichiro , Honda Kojiro , Yokoyama Takuma , Kurai Daisuke , Ishii Haruyuki , Fujiwara Masachika , Takizawa Hajime , Goto Hajime 
Published: January 2015

Introduction:
A reversed halo sign (RHS) has diverse differential diagnoses such as cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, fungal, bacterial and mycobacterial infections, and systemic and neoplastic diseases. However, no report has been described regarding an RHS associated with infective endocarditis (IE).

Case presentation:
A 43‐year‐old man was transferred to our hospital because of persistent pyrexia, chest pain with multiple cavitary lung lesions for a month. He was diagnosed with tricuspid native valve IE caused by massive vegetations in the context of CA‐MRSA (staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type II, sequence type 91, clonal complex 509) infection with multiple pulmonary septic emboli, manifesting as an atypical RHS.

Conclusion:
The present case showed huge tricuspid native valve IE associated with community‐acquired meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA‐MRSA), which was analysed successfully by multilocus sequence typing.
Bovine pyogranulomatous mastitis caused by Mycobacterium goodii
Authors: Machado Gustavo , Gressler Letícia Trevisan , Siqueira Franciele Maboni , Balzan Cláudia , Brum Juliana Sperotto , De Vargas Agueda Castagna 
Published: January 2015

Introduction:

Mycobacterium goodii is a rapidly growing non‐tuberculous mycobacterium that has recently been associated with severe infections in animals and humans. The ecological niche of M. goodii remains unclear, and cases in large animals remain either undiagnosed or misdiagnosed.

Case presentation:
We present a case of a 5‐year‐old Holstein cow showing mastitis signs of pronounced glandular hardening that did not respond to antibiotic therapy. During the milk bacteriological culture, we observed Gram‐positive and acid‐fast rods with an unusual profile in the milk diagnostic routine. Biochemical tests were performed and the results showed a bacterium belonging to the group Mycobacterium smegmatis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed, and the result for tobramycin indicated the presence of M. goodii. In order to confirm its identity, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed, showing 100 % nucleotide similarity with M. goodii. Histological analyses of a biopsy specimen obtained from the affected mammary quarter showed evidence of pyogranulomatous and diffuse mastitis, both suggestive of bacterial intracellular infection.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first confirmed case of mycobacterial mastitis caused by M. goodii infection in cows, identified through isolation of the bacteria and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although the role of this agent in bovine mastitis remains unclear, we highlight its potential source for humans and the implications for the dairy industry.
FASCIATED EAR4Encodes a bZIP Transcription Factor That Regulates Shoot Meristem Size in Maize
Authors: Pautler Michael , Eveland Andrea L. , LaRue Therese , Yang Fang , Weeks Rebecca , Lunde China , Je Byoung Il , Meeley Robert , Komatsu Mai , Vollbrecht Erik , Sakai Hajime , Jackson David 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPlant architecture is dictated by precise control of meristematic activity. In the shoot, an imbalance in positive or negative maintenance signals can result in a fasciated or enlarged meristem phenotype. fasciated ear4 (fea4) is a semidwarfed mutant with fasciated ears and tassels as well as greatly enlarged vegetative and inflorescence meristems. We identified FEA4 as a bZIP transcription factor, orthologous to Arabidopsis thaliana PERIANTHIA. FEA4 was expressed in the peripheral zone of the vegetative shoot apical meristem and in the vasculature of immature leaves and conspicuously excluded from the stem cell niche at the tip of the shoot apical meristem and from incipient leaf primordia. Following the transition to reproductive fate, FEA4 was expressed throughout the entire inflorescence and floral meristems. Native expression of a functional YFP:FEA4 fusion recapitulated this pattern of expression. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing to identify 4060 genes proximal to FEA4 binding sites, including ones that were potentially bound and modulated by FEA4 based on transcriptional changes in fea4 mutant ears. Our results suggest that FEA4 promotes differentiation in the meristem periphery by regulating auxin-based responses and genes associated with leaf differentiation and polarity, potentially in opposition to factors such as KNOTTED1 and WUSCHEL.
Physical Matching of Metals: Grain Orientation Association at Fracture Edge
Authors: Lograsso Barbara K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine whether surface crystal orientation can be used to associate or differentiate metal fracture fragments. The orientations of individual crystals and crystals across the fracture plane were measured on polished steel and iron alloy surfaces using Electron Backscattered Diffraction/ Orientation Imaging Microscopy (EBSD/OIM). This investigation examined crystallographic characteristics within a metal. This study showed that for transgranular fracture, it is feasible that pieces of grains could be associated across the fracture surface with the difference in orientation between grains (misorientation) along a length sequence of grain orientations on one side of the fracture surface to associate the other side of a fracture surface. Regarding pair comparisons of crystals on fracture surfaces, it was estimated that the probability for an ordered sequence of six distinct oriented grains along a fracture surface to occur again is about 1 in 4.82 (10)30 or 2.07 (10)−31.
Detrimental for Some? Heterogeneous Effects of Maternal Incarceration on Child Wellbeing
Authors: Turney Kristin , Wildeman Christopher 
Published: January 2015

Research SummaryWe use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3,197) to consider the heterogeneous effects of maternal incarceration on 9‐year‐old children. We find that maternal incarceration has no average effects on child wellbeing (measured by caregiver‐reported internalizing problem behaviors, caregiver‐reported externalizing problem behaviors, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test‐Third Edition scores, and child‐reported early juvenile delinquency) but that the effects vary by mothers’ propensities for experiencing incarceration. Maternal incarceration is deleterious for children of mothers least likely to experience incarceration but mostly inconsequential for children of mothers more likely to experience incarceration.Policy ImplicationsIt is important that public policies take into account the fact that not all children experience similar effects of maternal incarceration. For children of mothers who are unlikely to experience incarceration, the negative consequences of maternal incarceration could be driven by at least three factors, all of which may operate simultaneously and all of which potentially call for different policy interventions: (a) jail incarceration as opposed to prison incarceration, (b) incarceration for a crime that did minimal—or no—harm to their children, and (c) inadequate family supports for coping with maternal incarceration. We discuss these policy implications.
The Effect of Deadline Pressure on Pre‐Negotiation Positions: A Comparison of Auditors and Client Management
Authors: Bennett G. Bradley , Hatfield Richard C. , Stefaniak Chad 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study compares auditors' and chief financial officers' pre‐negotiation judgments and considers the potential differential impact the end of the audit (deadline pressure) has on each party. General negotiation literature suggests that individuals change their behaviors as deadline pressure increases (i.e., when there is less time in which to conduct a negotiation) in order to increase the probability of reaching an agreement. In an audit context, the end‐of‐engagement deadline is often based on regulatory filing deadlines (e.g., SEC filings for public companies), which are not determined by either negotiating party. The audit context is also unique in that there are asymmetric consequences for each party (the auditor and client management) for failing to reach an agreement and different negotiation tactics used by the two parties potentially leading to differing levels of concessions. We predict that auditors, who are in a stronger negotiation position, will generally concede less than client management when determining their pre‐negotiation position and will tend to use more contentious strategies. However, such contentious strategies require time. Thus, we expect, based on negotiation theory, that as deadline pressure increases, auditors' concessionary behavior will be more affected than that of client management. Consistent with expectations, results of our experiment suggest that CFOs concede more than auditors in general; however, auditors are more reactive to deadline pressure and increase concessions when faced with high deadline pressure, while CFOs do not. We also measure planned strategy use and find results to be consistent with theory: when deadline pressure is high, auditors are less likely to use contentious tactics, while CFOs' strategy choices are unaffected by deadline pressure. These results suggest that characteristics of the unique auditor–client negotiation environment, such as deadline pressures, have potentially differential effects on both parties due to the differing negotiation strategies employed by these parties.
Phenotypes and endotypes of rhinitis and their impact on management: a PRACTALL report
Authors: Papadopoulos N. G. , Bernstein J. A. , Demoly P. , Dykewicz M. , Fokkens W. , Hellings P. W. , Peters A. T. , Rondon C. , Togias A. , Cox L. S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRhinitis is an umbrella term that encompasses many different subtypes, several of which still elude complete characterization. The concept of phenotyping, being the definition of disease subtypes on the basis of clinical presentation, has been well established in the last decade. Classification of rhinitis entities on the basis of phenotypes has facilitated their characterization and has helped practicing clinicians to efficiently approach rhinitis patients. Recently, the concept of endotypes, that is, the definition of disease subtypes on the basis of underlying pathophysiology, has emerged. Phenotypes/endotypes are dynamic, overlapping, and may evolve into one another, thus rendering clear‐cut definitions difficult. Nevertheless, a phenotype‐/endotype‐based classification approach could lead toward the application of stratified and personalized medicine in the rhinitis field. In this PRACTALL document, rhinitis phenotypes and endotypes are described, and rhinitis diagnosis and management approaches focusing on those phenotypes/endotypes are presented and discussed. We emphasize the concept of control‐based management, which transcends all rhinitis subtypes.
Young Chinese children's beliefs about the implications of subtypes of social withdrawal: A first look at social avoidance
Authors: Ding Xuechen , Coplan Robert J. , Sang Biao , Liu Junsheng , Pan Tingting , Cheng Chen 
Published: January 2015

The goal of this study was to examine young Chinese children's beliefs about the implications of different subtypes of social withdrawal (e.g., shyness, unsociability), including for the first time, social avoidance. Participants were 133 children in kindergarten (n = 58, Mage = 70.85 months) and grade 1 (n = 75, Mage = 83.49 months). Children were presented with vignettes describing hypothetical peers displaying shy, unsociable, avoidant, and socially competent behaviours and were then asked a series of questions to assess their beliefs about the implications of these different behaviours. Young children made distinctions between social withdrawal subtypes in terms of underlying motivations and emotions. Children also appeared to hold differential beliefs about the implications of different forms of social withdrawal: Of note, they anticipated that socially avoidant peers would experience the most negative outcomes. These findings provide some of the first evidence to suggest that social avoidance represents a distinct form of social withdrawal among young Chinese children. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of distinguishing between different subtypes of social withdrawal in Chinese culture.
Primary vs secondary adrenal insufficiency: ACTH‐stimulated aldosterone diagnostic cut‐off values by tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Abraham Smita Baid , Abel Brent S. , Sinaii Ninet , Saverino Elizabeth , Wade Matthew , Nieman Lynnette K. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryObjectivesTo validate the diagnostic utility of Cortrosyn™ stimulated aldosterone in the differentiation of primary (PAI) and secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) and to evaluate the effect of urine sodium levels and posture on test performance.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsHealthy volunteers (HV; n = 46) and patients with PAI (n = 26) and SAI (n = 29) participated in the study. Testing included cortisol and aldosterone (by liquid‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) measurements at baseline and 30 and 60 min after 250 μg Cortrosyn™. Plasma corticotropin (ACTH), renin activity (PRA) and urine spot sodium as a proxy for 24‐h urine sodium excretion were measured at baseline. The effect of a sitting or semifowlers posture was evaluated in healthy volunteers.ResultsA Cortrosyn™‐stimulated aldosterone level of 5 ng/dl (0·14 nmol/l) had 88% sensitivity and positive predictive value and 89·7% specificity and negative predictive value for distinguishing PAI from SAI. Spot urine sodium levels showed a strong correlation with peak aldosterone levels (r = −0·55, P = 0·02, n = 18) in the SAI but not PAI or HV groups. Posture did not have a significant effect on results.ConclusionsOnce diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency, a stimulated aldosterone value of 5 ng/dl (0·14 nmol/l) works well to differentiate PAI from SAI. However, clinicians should be aware of the possible effect of total body sodium as reflected by spot urine sodium levels on aldosterone results. A 24‐h urine sodium measurement may be helpful in interpretation.
Altered Subcellular Distribution of the 75‐kDa DISC1 Isoform, cAMP Accumulation, and Decreased Neuronal Migration in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: Implications for Neurodevelopment
Authors: Muñoz‐Estrada Jesús , Benítez‐King Gloria , Berlanga Carlos , Meza Isaura 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackgroundDISC1 (Disrupted‐In‐Schizophrenia‐1) is considered a genetic risk factor for schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). DISC1 regulates microtubule stability, migration, and cAMP signaling in mammalian cell lines and mouse brain tissue. cAMP is a regulator of microtubule organization and migration in neurons. Aberrant microtubule organization has been observed in olfactory neuronal precursors (ONP) derived from patients with SZ and BD, which suggests involvement of DISC1 and cAMP. However, the biology of DISC1 in the physiopathology of psychiatric conditions remains elusive.AimsHerein, utilizing ONP obtained from SZ, BD patients and healthy subjects, we have studied DISC1 expression, protein levels, and subcellular distribution by qRT‐PCR, immunoblotting, subcellular fractionation, and confocal microscopy. Cell migration and cAMP accumulation were assessed by Transwell and PKA competition assays.ResultsWe found increased levels of the 75‐kDa DISC1 isoform in total cell extracts of ONP from patients with SZ and BD compared with controls. Subcellular distribution showed a significant decrease of cytoplasmic DISC1 concomitant with its augmented levels in transcription sites. Moreover, significant cAMP accumulation and diminished migration were also observed in patients' cells.ConclusionAlterations of DISC1 levels and its cellular distribution, which negatively modify cAMP homeostasis, microtubule organization, and cell migration, in ONP from patients with SZ and BD, suggest that their presence in early stages of brain development may impact brain maturation and function.
Histamine Promotes Locomotion Recovery After Spinal Cord Hemisection via Inhibiting Astrocytic Scar Formation
Authors: Zhao Yan‐Yan , Yuan Yang , Chen Ying , Jiang Lei , Liao Ru‐Jia , Wang Lu , Zhang Xiang‐Nan , Ohtsu Hiroshi , Hu Wei‐Wei , Chen Zhong 
Published: January 2015

SummaryAimThis study investigated whether histamine could play a protective role in pathophysiological response of spinal cord injury (SCI) and regulate the glial scar formation.MethodsFunctional assessment and histological analyses were performed to investigate the effect of histamine after SCI. Histidine decarboxylase knockout (HDC−/−) mice were used to confirm the action of histamine. Selective antagonists for H1 and H2 receptors were utilized in vivo and in vitro to verify the functional properties of histamine on astrogliosis.ResultsThe local administration of histamine significantly attenuated the tissue damage and glial scar formation after SCI. In particular, the astrogliosis and neurocan expression found around the lesion were significantly suppressed by histamine. Immunofluorescent staining for neurofilament showed that histamine promoted axonal growth across the glial scar. The HDC−/− mice, lacking in endogenous histamine, showed lower behavior score, increased lesion size and astrogliosis, as compared with the wild types. The effect of histamine on locomotor recovery and reactive astrogliosis is reversed by H1 receptor antagonist but not H2 receptor antagonist.ConclusionsOur results indicate that histamine significantly improved the chronic locomotor recovery via attenuating astrogliosis after SCI by stimulating histamine H1 receptor. This study highlights a therapeutic potential of histamine and its related drugs for SCI.