bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging Cutaneous Head and Neck Cancer with Panitumumab‐IRDye
Authors: Deep Nicholas L. , Heath Cara H. , Sweeny Larissa , Zinn Kurt R. , Rosenthal Eben L. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo determine if intraoperative, real‐time fluorescence imaging hardware (SPY System, Novadaq, Toronto, Canada) and lab‐based fluorescence optical imaging of histological sections (Odyssey scanner, LiCor) are capable of detecting micrometastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in preclinical models.MethodAn NIR fluorescent probe (IRDye800) was covalently linked to a monoclonal antibody targeting EGFR (panitumumab) or non‐specific IgG and injected into mice bearing flank xenografts derived from a cutaneous SCC cell line (SCC‐13). The primary tumor and regional lymph nodes were imaged and dissected using fluorescence guidance with the SPY system and verified with a charge‐coupled NIR system (Pearl). An NIR charged‐coupled device (Odyssey) was used to measure fluorescence intensity of cut sections of tumor and were confirmed with immunohistochemical staining (cytokeratin, CD147).ResultsTumors were clearly delineated from normal tissue with tumor‐to‐background ratios of 4.5 (Pearl) and 3.4 (SPY). Disease detection was significantly improved with panitumumab‐IRDye compared to IgG‐IRDye800 (P <. 05). Tissue biopsies positive for fluorescence were confirmed for pathologic disease by histology and immunohistochemistry (n = 10/10); while biopsies of non‐fluorescent tissue were proven to be negative for malignancy (n = 12/12). The SPY system was able to detect regional lymph node metastasis (<1.0 mm) and microscopic areas of disease as small as 200 micrometers in diameter. Additionally, the Odyssey successfully detected residual microscopic disease in both frozen and paraffin‐embedded histologic specimens.ConclusionThese data suggest that panitumumab‐IRDye800 may have clinical utility in detection and removal of cutaneous SCC using existing optical imaging hardware. This technique may prove useful in the detection of microscopic disease grossly and in histological sections.
Neck Dissection for T1 Oral Tongue SCCA: The UCLA Experience
Authors: Chu Alan C. , Peng Kevin A. , Kim Brandon , Lai Chi , Elashoff David , Abemayor Elliot , St. John Maie 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveThe study was carried out in order to 1) evaluate features that could identify patients having increased risks of regional recurrences, and 2) examine the prognostic and therapeutic implications of elective neck dissection among patients who presented with early‐stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma with clinically negative neck (T1cN0).MethodA retrospective chart review of oral tongue cancer at a single tertiary institution identified 123 patients with T1cN0 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma who underwent surgical tumor extirpation with/without adjuvant radiation treatment and/or chemotherapy from 1990 through 2009. This database was used to identify characteristics that are associated with occult lymph node metastases and measurement of patient outcomes.ResultsEighty‐nine patients underwent elective neck dissection, of which 20 patient specimens (22%) were found to harbor occult metastatic disease. However, no significant differences were noted in the frequency of regional recurrence according to gender, age, tumor size, the presence of perineural invasion, or occult metastatic disease (P =. 70,. 29,. 54,. 30, and. 47, respectively). In addition, patients who underwent elective neck dissection experienced lower rate of regional recurrence, although this did not achieve a statistically significant level (P =. 52).ConclusionClinical observation of the clinically negative neck is justifiable for early stage T1 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Elective cervical lymphadenectomy offers no benefit in preventing regional recurrence when compared to clinical observation. Furthermore, neither patient factors nor intrinsic tumor features demonstrated any prognostic significance in the setting of early stage T1 oral tongue carcinoma.
Perineural Invasion in the pN0 Neck in OCSCC
Authors: Chinn Steven B. , Spector Matthew E. , Belliel Emily L. , Prince Mark E. , Eisbruch Avraham , Chepeha Douglas B. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivePerineural invasion (PNI) has been defined as an intermediate risk factor in OCSCC; however, its effect in the pathologically N0 (pN0) neck remains unclear. The objective of this study is to understand 1) the effect of PNI in pN0 OCSCC patients on outcomes, and 2) the role of adjuvant radiation (XRT).MethodRetrospective analysis of 90 OCSCC patients treated surgically with pN0 necks after neck dissection at a tertiary care center from 1999‐2008. Overall 22% (20/90) were PNI‐positive and 40% (36/90) underwent adjuvant XRT. Of those with PNI, 70% (14/20) underwent adjuvant XRT. Primary outcomes were OS, DSS, DFI, and LRC.ResultsThere were no differences between the PNI‐positive and PNI‐negative groups for age, gender, smoking or alcohol status, T‐class, margin control, or median follow‐up. PNI‐positive patients had significantly worse DSS, DFI, and LRC than PNI‐negative patients (P =. 049, P =. 046, and P =. 026, respectively), but there was no difference in OS between the 2 groups (P =. 15). Multivariate analysis verified PNI to be associated with worse DFI and LRC (P =. 02 and P =. 006, respectively). Amongst PNI‐positive patients, those who received adjuvant XRT demonstrated significantly improved DFI and LRC (mean 6.5 years vs 1.7 years; P =. 012 and mean 6.7 years vs 1.9 years; P =. 047, respectively). There was no improvement in OS or DSS in those receiving adjuvant XRT.ConclusionPerineural invasion portends a worse DSS, DFI, and LRC in this cohort of patients with pN0 OCSCC. Adjuvant radiation significantly lengthens the DFI and improves LRC. Thus, it should be strongly considered for patients with PNI‐positive pN0 OCSCC.
Revision Thyroid Surgery: Are There More Complications?
Authors: Phelan Eimear , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo analyze the revision thyroid database of a single thyroid, parathyroid, head and neck surgery institution. To assess whether reoperative thyroid bed surgery is associated with higher postoperative complications.MethodA retrospective single institutional review over a 5‐year period (2004‐2009) was performed by the department of thyroid, parathyroid, head and neck surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Hospital, Boston, MA. IRB approval was obtained. All patients who had revision neck or thyroid bed surgery were included.ResultsA total of 117 cases were included in the study with an average age of 46.2 years. The average follow‐up time was 2.5 years. The majority of the patients had papillary thyroid cancer (89.8%). The average number of revision surgeries was 1.5 (range 1‐7). The average time between primary surgery and the last revision surgery was 7.3 years (0.1‐44.1 years). Approximately 14% of patients had preoperative vocal cord palsy and 18% had preoperative permanent hypocalcemia. No patient developed a new temporary or permanent vocal cord palsy. Five patients developed a temporary and 3 a permanent hypocalcemia.ConclusionThese data indicate that a percentage of patients with papillary thyroid cancer who develop recurrent disease will require further revision thyroid surgery. This has generally been accepted to be a more difficult surgery. These data demonstrate that revision thyroid surgery can be a relatively safe procedure with low complications rates.
Signaling Networks in Methylated HPV Genomes
Authors: Worsham Maria J. , Chen Kang Mei , Ghanem Tamer A. , Divine George 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveHPV‐positive (+) and HPV‐negative (–) HNSCC are biologically distinct with a prognostic advantage for HPV+ patients compared to HPV– cases. The goal of this study was to identify differentially methylated genes in HPV+ vs HPV– primary HNSCC genomes with clues to signaling networks that impact key biological functions.MethodDNA from 4 HPV(+) and 4 HPV(–) freshly frozen primary HNSCC were subject to comprehensive genome‐wide methylation profiling using the HumanMethylation27 Bead Array, which measures methylation as a β value ranging from 0 to 1. Genomatix Pathway System software was applied to build a network from differentially methylated genes.ResultsTwo‐fold methylation differences were observed between HPV+ and HPV– cases for 1168 genes. Pathway analysis applied to investigate the biological role of the 1168 differentially methylated genes revealed 8 signals transduction pathways forming a network of 66 genes, of which 62% are hypermethylated (41 of the 66). Of the 8 signal transduction pathways, the Beta catenin degradation, E‐cadherin, ErbB receptor, and Integrin signaling networks have immediate association with HNSCC. The other 4 pathways are c‐kit, ion channels, ppara elements, and RXR and RAR heterodimerization signaling events.ConclusionSignaling events in the cell play a critical role in the execution of key biological functions. Our results demonstrate that in signal transduction pathways, HPV genomes harbor a larger proportion of hypermethylated genes than HPV‐negative tumors with potential for these genes as differential targets in HPV related HNSCC.
Skin and Mucosal Malignancy with Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Darr Owen A. F. , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Light Emily , Englesbe Michael J. , Moyer Jeffrey S. 
Published: February 2015

Objective1) Measure the prevalence of cutaneous malignancies as well as mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using a large database of solid organ transplant recipients. 2) Assess the risk of malignancies among each organ type and age at transplant.MethodUsing the University of Michigan transplant database, electronic records from 3496 patients transplanted from 1996‐2006 were queried using EMERSE (Electronic Medical Record Search Engine), with search terms screening for target malignancies. Once cases were identified, differences in prevalence based on independent variables were examined using a generalized linear model.ResultsOf patients queried, 13% (n = 440) developed a cutaneous malignancy (66% involving the head and neck) and 0.6% (n = 19) developed mucosal HNSCC. Of the cutaneous malignancies, 7.3% were a squamous cell carcinoma, and 7.1% were a basal cell carcinoma. Lung transplants were associated with a higher risk of cutaneous malignancy (P =. 0006) with the predominant histology favoring the development of SCC (P =. 05). Age was associated with skin cancer of the head and neck (P =. 0001), with increased risk among patients transplanted in the third, fourth, or fifth decade. In this cohort, mucosal HNSCC was not associated with one transplant site over another.ConclusionTransplant recipients carry an elevated risk of acquiring cutaneous and mucosal malignancies, with most lesions affecting the head and neck. The risk of SCC is similar to BCC. Patients transplanted before the age of 50 have an increased risk of malignancy of the head and neck, and those receiving lung transplants have the highest incidence of skin cancer.
A national survey exploring views and experience of health professionals about transferring patients from critical care home to die
Authors: Darlington Anne-Sophie E. , Long-Sutehall Tracy , Richardson Alison , Coombs Maureen A. 
Published: February 2015

Background: Transferring critically ill patients home to die is poorly explored in the literature to date. This practice is rare, and there is a need to understand health care professionals’ (HCP) experience and views. Objectives: To examine (1) HCPs’ experience of transferring patients home to die from critical care, (2) HCPs’ views about transfer and (3) characteristics of patients, HCPs would hypothetically consider transferring home to die. Design: A national study developing a web-based survey, which was sent to the lead doctors and nurses in critical care units. Setting/participants: Lead doctors and senior nurses (756 individuals) working in 409 critical care units across the United Kingdom were invited to participate in the survey. Results: In total, 180 (23.8%) completed surveys were received. A total of 65 (36.1%) respondents had been actively involved in transferring patients home to die and 28 (15.5%) had been involved in discussions that did not lead to transfer. Respondents were supportive of the idea of transfer home to die (88.8%). Patients identified by respondents as unsuitable for transfer included unstable patients (61.8%), intubated and ventilated patients (68.5%) and patients receiving inotropes (65.7%). There were statistically significant differences in views between those with and without experience and between doctors and nurses. Nurses and those with experience tended to have more positive views. Conclusion: While transferring patients home to die is supported in critical care, its frequency in practice remains low. Patient stability and level of intervention are important factors in decision-making in this area. Views held about this practice are influenced by previous experience and the professional role held.
Image quality evaluation of iterative model reconstruction on low tube voltage (80 kVp) coronary CT angiography in an animal study
Authors: Hu Mao-Qing , Li Meng , Liu Zai-Yi , Huang Mei-Ping , Liu Hui , Liang Chang-Hong 
Published: February 2015

Background Iterative model reconstruction (IMR) is a newer generation iterative reconstruction method, but its value on coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography requires investigation. Purpose To evaluate coronary image quality using IMR at a low-tube voltage of 80 kVp on coronary CT angiography in miniature pigs. Material and Methods Five healthy miniature pigs underwent prospective electrocardiogram-gated coronary 256-slice CT angiography at 120 kVp and 80 kVp tube voltages, respectively. Filtered back projection (FBP) was used to reconstruct the 120 kVp standard-dose (SD) image sets (SD-FBP group), while iDose4 and IMR were used to reconstruct the 80 kVp low-dose (LD) image sets (LD-iDose4 and LD-IMR groups). Objective and subjective image qualities were compared among three groups. Results There were no significant differences in mean CT values of the ascending aorta, left main coronary artery, and right coronary artery between the LD-IMR and LD-iDose4 groups ( P > 0.05), but the values were significantly lower in the SD-FBP group than in those two groups ( P < 0.05). The image noise in the LD-IMR group (21.5 ± 3.9 HU) was significantly lower than in the LD-iDose4 (63.7 ± 9.8 HU) and SD-FBP (50.6 ± 4.6 HU) groups ( P < 0.05). The signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios were significantly higher in the LD-IMR group than in the LD-iDose4 and SD-FBP groups, respectively ( P < 0.05). Subjective scoring of image noise, streak artifacts, and overall image quality indicated that the LD-IMR group was consistently superior to the LD-iDose4 and SD-FBP groups ( P < 0.05). Conclusion IMR can significantly improve image quality at a low-tube voltage (80 kVp) with a 66% radiation dose reduction on coronary 256-slice CT angiography in miniature pigs.
Daptomycin-Induced Eosinophilic Pneumonia Treated With Intravenous Corticosteroids
Authors: Chiu Shao-Yu , Faust Andrew C. , Dand Hemant M. 
Published: February 2015

Objective: To describe 2 cases of drug-induced eosinophilic pneumonia in patients with variable exposure to daptomycin. Report: In our first case, a 77-year-old male was transferred to our facility for hypoxic respiratory failure, which occurred 1 day after completing a course of daptomycin. There was high clinical suspicion for daptomycin-induced eosinophilic pneumonia, thus the patient was started on intravenous methylprednisolone 40 mg every 6 hours. Within 72 hours, he was liberated from mechanical ventilation, as he experienced dramatic clinical improvement in regard to his oxygenation and radiographs. Approximately 6 weeks after case 1, a second case of eosinophilic pneumonia related to daptomycin was diagnosed. This case occurred in a 74-year-old female who developed respiratory failure requiring noninvasive positive pressure ventilation 72 hours after initiation of a second course of daptomycin. She was treated with methylprednisolone 60 mg every 6 hours and avoided the need for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Since this potentially life-threatening adverse effect of daptomycin appears more common than previously reported, clinicians should have a high level of suspicion in any patient with recent daptomycin exposure who presents with pulmonary symptoms. In many cases, this process is highly responsive to prompt initiation of corticosteroid therapy.
Negative pressure wound therapy augmented full-thickness free skin grafting in the cat: outcome in 10 grafts transferred to six cats
Authors: Nolff Mirja C , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea 
Published: February 2015

Objectives The aim of this clinical evaluation was to describe the technique and outcomes of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) augmented skin grafting in cats. Methods Cats with soft tissue and skin defects (n = 6) underwent open wound management. Wounds were initially covered using a NPWT system that was changed to polyurethane foam dressing once infection was controlled and granulation started. Final closure was achieved after establishment of a healthy, fully granulated wound bed by grafting of free full-thickness skin from the lateral abdominal wall. The freshly grafted skin was then treated with an NPWT dressing at a pressure of –125 mmHg for 3 days, with dressing changes performed daily. Percentage graft take, complications, wound bioburden and cosmetic outcome were recorded. Results The mean duration of open wound management was 21.4 days (range 3.0–45.0 days), with a mean duration of NPWT of 8.0 days (range 3.0–14.0 days). Five cats received a single graft, while one cat had five grafts transferred to the right hindlimb. In 7/10 grafts, graft take was 100%, in two grafts take was 95% and in one graft take was 80% (mean take rate 97%). Therapy was well tolerated in all patients. The grafted site displayed normal hair regrowth in four cats, sparse hair regrowth in one and no hair growth at all in one patient. Skin sensation was normal in all grafted patients. Conclusions and relevance Skin graft augmentation using NPWT in cats is a feasible option that allows graft fixation, even in anatomically demanding areas. Graft take rate reported here is slightly higher than documented in previous reports.
The cellular origin and malignant transformation of Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Paiva Bruno , Corchete Luis A. , Vidriales Maria-Belen , García-Sanz Ramón , Perez Jose J. , Aires-Mejia Irene , Sanchez Maria-Luz , Barcena Paloma , Alignani Diego , Jimenez Cristina , Sarasquete Maria-Eugenia , Mateos María-Victoria , Ocio Enrique M. , Puig Noemi , Escalante Fernando , Hernández José , Cuello Rebeca , García de Coca Alfonso , Sierra Magdalena , Montes Maria-Carmen , González-López Tomás J. , Galende Josefina , Bárez Abelardo , Alonso José , Pardal Emilia , Orfao Alberto , Gutierrez Norma C. , San Miguel Jesús F. 
Published: February 2015

Key Points
Benign (ie, IgM MGUS and smoldering WM) clonal B cells already harbor the phenotypic and molecular signatures of the malignant WM clone. Multistep transformation from benign (ie, IgM MGUS and smoldering WM) to malignant WM may require specific copy number abnormalities.
Tristetraprolin (TTP) coordinately regulates primary and secondary cellular responses to proinflammatory stimuli
Authors: Qiu Lian-Qun , Lai Wi S , Bradbury Alyce , Zeldin Darryl C , Blackshear Perry J 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
TTP is an anti-inflammatory protein that acts by binding to AREs in its target mRNAs, such as Tnf mRNA, and promoting their deadenylation and decay. TNF released from inflammatory cells can then stimulate gene expression in tissue cells, such as fibroblasts. To determine whether TTP could affect the decay of TNF-induced transcripts in fibroblasts, we exposed primary embryonic fibroblasts and stable fibroblast cell lines, derived from WT and TTP KO mice, to TNF. The decay rates of transcripts encoded by several early-response genes, including Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Ier3, Ptgs2, and Lif, were significantly slowed in TTP-deficient fibroblasts after TNF stimulation. These changes were associated with TTP-dependent increases in CXCL1, CXCL2, and IER3 protein levels. The TTP-susceptible transcripts contained multiple, conserved, closely spaced, potential TTP binding sites in their 3′-UTRs. WT TTP, but not a nonbinding TTP zinc finger mutant, bound to RNA probes that were based on the mRNA sequences of Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Ptgs2, and Lif. TTP-promoted decay of transcripts encoding chemokines and other proinflammatory mediators is thus a critical post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism in the response of secondary cells, such as fibroblasts, to TNF released from primary immune cells.
Excess mortality in severe mental illness: 10-year
population-based cohort study in rural Ethiopia
Authors: Fekadu Abebaw , Medhin Girmay , Kebede Derege , Alem Atalay , Cleare Anthony J. , Prince Martin , Hanlon Charlotte , Shibre Teshome 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundEvidence on mortality in severe mental illness (SMI) comes primarily from
clinical samples in high-income countries.AimsTo describe mortality in people with SMI among a population cohort from a
low-income country.MethodWe followed-up 919 adults (from 68 378 screened) with SMI over 10 years.
Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) and years of life lost (YLL) as a
result of premature mortality were calculated.ResultsIn total 121 patients (13.2%) died. The overall SMR was twice that of the
general population; higher for men and people with schizophrenia.
Patients died about three decades prematurely, mainly from infectious
causes (49.6%). Suicide, accidents and homicide were also common causes
of death.ConclusionsMortality is an important adverse outcome of SMI irrespective of setting.
Addressing common natural and unnatural causes of mortality are urgent
priorities. Premature death and mortality related to self-harm should be
considered in the estimation of the global burden of disease for SMI.
Optimal duration of an early intervention programme for first-episode psychosis: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chang Wing Chung , Chan Gloria Hoi Kei , Jim Olivia Tsz Ting , Lau Emily Sin Kei , Hui Christy Lai Ming , Chan Sherry Kit Wa , Lee Edwin Ho Ming , Chen Eric Yu Hai 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundNumerous early intervention services targeting young people with psychosis have been established, based on the premise that reducing treatment delay and providing intensive treatment in the initial phase of psychosis can improve long-term outcome.AimsTo establish the effect of extending a specialised early intervention treatment for first-episode psychosis by 1 year.MethodA randomised, single-blind controlled trial (NCT01202357) compared a 1-year extension of specialised early intervention with step-down care in patients who had all received a 2-year intensive early intervention programme for first-episode psychosis.ResultsPatients receiving an additional year of specialised intervention had better outcomes in functioning, negative and depressive symptoms and treatment default rate than those managed by step-down psychiatric care.ConclusionsExtending the period of specialised early intervention is clinically desirable but may not be feasible in lower-income countries.