bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsteady Hydromagnetic Flow Due to Concentric Rotation of Eccentric Disks
Authors: Das S. , Jana M. , Jana R. N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe unsteady hydromagnetic flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid between two parallel disks rotating with the same angular velocity initially about non-coincident axes, which are suddenly made coincident, has been studied. An analytical solution describing the flow at large and small times after the start is obtained by the use of Laplace transform technique. The physical interpretations for the emerging parameters are discussed with the help of graphs. The shear stresses obtained from the general solution and from the solution for small time are compared.
1H NMR spectroscopy for the in vitro understanding of the glycaemic index
Authors: Dona Anthony C. , Landrey Karola , Atkinson Fiona S. , Brand Miller Jennie C. , Kuchel Philip W. 
Published: November 2012

The glycaemic index (GI) characterises foods by using the incremental area under the glycaemic response curve relative to the same amount of oral glucose. Its ability to differentiate between curves of different shapes, the peak response and other aspects of the glycaemic response is contentious. The present pilot study aimed to explore the possibility of using 1H NMR spectroscopy to better understand in vivo digestion characteristics as reflected in the glycaemic response of carbohydrate-rich foods; such an approach might be an adjunct to the in vivo GI test. The glycaemic response of two types of raw wheat flour (2005 from Griffith NSW, Chara, Row 10, Plot 6:181 and store-bought Coles™ Plain Flour) and a cooked store-bought flour was tested and compared with results recorded during the in vitro enzymatic digestion of the wheat flour samples by glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger (EC 3.2.1.3) as monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Comparing the digestion time courses of raw and cooked wheat starch recorded in vitro strongly suggests that the initial rate of glucose release in vitro correlates with the glycaemic spike in vivo. During the in vitro time courses, approximately four times as much glucose was released from cooked starch samples than from raw starch samples in 90 min. Monitoring enzymatic digestion of heterogeneous mixtures (food) by 1H NMR spectroscopy showcases the effectiveness of the technique in measuring glucose release and its potential use as the basis of an in vitro method for a better understanding of the GI.
Changes in regional brain monoaminergic activity and temporary down-regulation in stress response from dietary supplementation withl-tryptophan in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Basic Dean , Schjolden Joachim , Krogdahl Åshild , von Krogh Kristine , Hillestad Marie , Winberg Svante , Mayer Ian , Skjerve Eystein , Höglund Erik 
Published: November 2012

The brain monoamines serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) and dopamine (DA) both play an integrative role in behavioural and neuroendocrine responses to challenges, and comparative models suggest common mechanisms for dietary modulation of transmission by these signal substances in vertebrates. Previous studies in teleosts demonstrate that 7 d of dietary administration withl-tryptophan (Trp), the direct precursor of 5-HT, suppresses the endocrine stress response. The present study investigated how long the suppressive effects of a Trp-enriched feed regimen, at doses corresponding to two, three or four times the Trp levels in commercial feed, last in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) when the fish are reintroduced to a diet with standard amino acid composition. We also wanted to determine whether Trp supplementation induced changes in brain monoaminergic neurochemistry in those forebrain structures innervated by DA- and 5-HTergic neurons, by measuring regional activity of DA and 5-HT in the lateral pallial regions (Dl) of the telencephalon and nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) of the hypothalamus. Dietary Trp resulted in a dose-dependent suppression in plasma cortisol among fish exposed to confinement stress on the first day following experimental diet; however, such an effect was not observed at 2 or 6 d after Trp treatment. Feeding the fish with moderate Trp doses also evoked a general increase in DA and 5-HT-ergic activity, suggesting that these neural circuits within the NLT and Dl may be indirectly involved in regulating the acute stress response.
Strategies of Authority in Muslim South Asia in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Authors: ROBINSON FRANCIS 
Published: November 2012

AbstractStarting from the position that authority is constantly a work in progress, this paper examines authority in Muslim South Asia at a time when Muslims felt the challenge of rule by another civilization. It examines the strategies in sustaining their authority: of religious leaders, of Unani hakims and of literary leaders. In all three areas there is a rejection of the Persianate Mughal past and an embracing of Arab models, of the Prophetic model, and in various ways a drawing on British models and British authority. The paper also looks at the strategies of the rulers noting, amongst other things, how the British drew heavily on Mughal models just as Indian Muslims were letting them go, and how, since independence, Muslim rulers have drawn on a mixture of Western, Arab and Prophetic sources. There is also a running discussion throughout the paper of the revolutionary shift towards rooting authority in society at large, and the development of techniques to do so.
Language ideology, fractal recursivity, and discursive agency in the legal construction of linguistic evidence
Authors: Andrus Jennifer 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article analyzes the language ideology (Silverstein 1979; Woolard & Schieffelin 1994) circulated in Section 8 of the United States Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE), focusing on the consequences to discursive agency when this language ideology is used to appropriate an utterance for use as evidence. Section 8 of the FRE, or the hearsay rule, bars the testimonial, in-court repetition of second-hand statements. The excited utterance exception to hearsay admits an utterance as long as it was made by an excited speaker, while s/he was under the sway of an exciting event, which the excited utterance must also report. This rule explicitly trusts spontaneous speech, entextualizing it as a trustworthy account of an event, using the reasoning that such an utterance is not made by a speaker capable of self-reflection. I show that this language ideology problematically links discursive agency (Butler 1997; Medina 2006) with an untruthful speaker-role. Using the concept of fractal recursivity (Irvine & Gal 2000), I argue that the presuppositions embedded and circulated metadiscursively in this rule of evidence effectively constitute a speaker without legally “recognizable” discursive agency. This effect is the most noticeable and the most consequential when the excited utterance exception is used to appropriate the speech of women who have been the victims of domestic violence. Ultimately I argue that discursive agency is a feature of language ideology. (Discursive agency, legal discourse, language ideology, evidence, metadiscourse, domestic violence)*
Some structural consequences of diffusion
Authors: Cukor-Avila Patricia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study investigates the diffusion and structural adaptation of quotative be like into a rural African American speech community. The data come from a longitudinal corpus of recordings (1988–2010) with rural African American Vernacular English (AAVE) speakers born between 1894–2002. Previous research suggests other innovative AAVE features have diffused into this community from neighboring urban areas (Cukor-Avila 1995, 2001; Cukor-Avila & Bailey 1995b, 1996) approximately a generation after they appear in urban varieties. The present analysis supports Cukor-Avila (2002) that be like has followed a similar path of diffusion, and adds new recordings of young speakers to provide necessary data to explore the transmission of be like in the community, its continued diffusion, and how these processes reinforce each other as be like becomes the primary means of expressing quoted speech. In addition, the present study explores how quotative be like has been structurally adapted into the AAVE copula system. (AAVE, transmission, diffusion, adaptation, quotative be like)*
Affective stances in teacher-novice student interactions: Language, embodiment, and willingness to learn in a Swedish primary classroom
Authors: Cekaite Asta 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe present study explores a child, language, and cultural novice's affective and moral socialization during her first year in a Swedish first-grade classroom. Within the language socialization framework, it focuses on the lexicogrammatical and embodied organization of the novice's affectively charged noncompliant responses to (teacher) instructional directives, and the teachers' socializing responsive moves (contextualizing them within local and wider societal values and ideologies). The methods adopted combine a microanalytic approach with ethnographic analyses of socialization within a classroom community.Longitudinal tracking of the novice's stances demonstrated a trajectory across which socialization into normatively predictable cultural patterns did not occur. As shown, the student's affective stances and the teachers' socializing responses were consequential for the emergence of her “bad subject,” that is, her socioculturally problematic identity (from a “resigned” to an “oppositional” student who was “unwilling” to learn). Such deviant cases, it is argued, provide insights into the contested and dynamic aspects of second language socialization and demonstrate how affective (and moral) stances are mobilized as resources in the indexing of institutional identities. (Language socialization, language novice, affective stance, teacher-student interactions, directive sequences, embodiment, volition)*
The impact of resources on decision making
Authors: Boyle Iain M. , Duffy Alex H.B. , Whitfield R. Ian , Liu Shaofeng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDecision making is a significant activity within industry and although much attention has been paid to the manner in which goals impact on how decision making is executed, there has been less focus on the impact decision making resources can have. This article describes an experiment that sought to provide greater insight into the impact that resources can have on how decision making is executed. Investigated variables included the experience levels of decision makers and the quality and availability of information resources. The experiment provided insights into the variety of impacts that resources can have upon decision making, manifested through the evolution of the approaches, methods, and processes used within it. The findings illustrated that there could be an impact on the decision-making process but not on the method or approach, the method and process but not the approach, or the approach, method, and process. In addition, resources were observed to have multiple impacts, which can emerge in different timescales. Given these findings, research is suggested into the development of resource-impact models that would describe the relationships existing between the decision-making activity and resources, together with the development of techniques for reasoning using these models. This would enhance the development of systems that could offer improved levels of decision support through managing the impact of resources on decision making.
Communication skills training in dementia care: a systematic review of effectiveness, training content, and didactic methods in different care settings
Authors: Eggenberger Eva , Heimerl Katharina , Bennett Michael I. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: Caring for and caring about people with dementia require specific communication skills. Healthcare professionals and family caregivers usually receive little training to enable them to meet the communicative needs of people with dementia. This review identifies existent interventions to enhance communication in dementia care in various care settings.Methods: We searched MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, Gerolit, and Web of Science for scientific articles reporting interventions in both English and German. An intervention was defined as communication skills training by means of face-to-face interaction with the aim of improving basic communicative skills. Both professional and family caregivers were included. The effectiveness of such training was analyzed. Different types of training were defined. Didactic methods, training content, and additional organizational features were qualitatively examined.Results: This review included 12 trials totaling 831 persons with dementia, 519 professional caregivers, and 162 family caregivers. Most studies were carried out in the USA, the UK, and Germany. Eight studies took place in nursing homes; four studies were located in a home-care setting. No studies could be found in an acute-care setting. We provide a list of basic communicative principles for good communication in dementia care. Didactic methods included lectures, hands-on training, group discussions, and role-play.Conclusion: This review shows that communication skills training in dementia care significantly improves the quality of life and wellbeing of people with dementia and increases positive interactions in various care settings. Communication skills training shows significant impact on professional and family caregivers’ communication skills, competencies, and knowledge. Additional organizational features improve the sustainability of communication interventions.
Unexpected increasing AOT trends over northwest Bay of Bengal in the early postmonsoon season
Authors: Kishcha Pavel , Starobinets Boris , Long Charles N. , Alpert Pinhas 
Published: November 2012

The main point of our study is that aerosol trends can be created by changes in meteorology without changes in aerosol source strength. Over the 10 year period 2000–2009, in October, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) showed strong increasing aerosol optical thickness (AOT) trends of approximately 14% yr−1 over northwest Bay of Bengal (BoB) in the absence of AOT trends over the east of the Indian subcontinent. This was unexpected because sources of anthropogenic pollution were located over the Indian subcontinent and aerosol transport from the Indian subcontinent to northwest BoB was carried out by prevailing winds. In October, winds over the east of the Indian subcontinent were stronger than winds over northwest BoB, which resulted in wind convergence and accumulation of aerosol particles over northwest BoB. Moreover, there was an increasing trend in wind convergence over northwest BoB. This led to increasing trends in the accumulation of aerosol particles over northwest BoB and, consequently, to strong AOT trends over this area. In contrast to October, November showed no increasing AOT trends over northwest BoB or the nearby Indian subcontinent. The lack of AOT trends over northwest BoB corresponds to a lack of trends in wind convergence in that region. Finally, December domestic heating by the growing population resulted in positive AOT trends of similar magnitude over land and sea. Our findings illustrate that in order to explain and predict trends in regional aerosol loading, meteorological trends should be taken into consideration together with changes in aerosol source strength.
Carambola and bilimbi.
Authors: Paull R. E. , Duarte O. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the taxonomy, origin and distribution, ecology, morphology and physiology of carambola (Averrhoa carambola) and bilimbi (A. bilimbi). The development of cultivars, cultural production practices, pest, disease and weed management and orchard protection against various abiotic factors are discussed and the harvesting, postharvest handling and utilization of carambola and bilimbi fruits are highlighted.
Durian.
Authors: Paull R. E. , Duarte O. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the taxonomy, origin and distribution, ecology, morphology and physiology and plant development of durian (Durio zibethinus). The breeding of new cultivars, cultural production practices, pest, disease and weed management and orchard protection against abiotic factors are discussed and the harvesting, postharvest handling and world production and utilization of durian fruits are highlighted.
Guava.
Authors: Paull R. E. , Duarte O. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the taxonomy, origin and distribution, ecology, morphology, physiology and plant development of guava. The development of new cultivars, cultural production practices, pest, disease and weed management and orchard protection against various abiotic factors are discussed and the harvesting and postharvest handling of fruits and their utilization are highlighted.
Mangosteen.
Authors: Paull R. E. , Duarte O. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This chapter on mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) biology and production covers the following: taxonomy, geographical distribution, environmental requirements for cultivation (climate, and soil physical and chemical properties), plant morphology (whole plant, flowers and fruits) and development (flowering, pollination, and fruit set, growth and ripening), cultivar development, cultural practices (propagation and nursery management, field preparation, transplanting and spacing, irrigation, pruning, and fertilizer application), diseases and insect pests, weed management (mainly through cultural control), orchard protection, harvesting, postharvest handling, marketing, and world-wide production and utilization.
Rambutan and pulasan.
Authors: Paull R. E. , Duarte O. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This chapter on rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) and pulasan (N. mutabile) covers the following: taxonomy, area of origin and distribution, environmental requirements for cultivation (climate, and soil chemical and physical properties), plant morphology (whole plant, flowers and fruits) and development (flower induction, pollination, and fruit set, growth and ripening), cultivar development, cultural practices (propagation, field preparation, transplanting and spacing, irrigation, pruning, and fertilizer application), pests and diseases, weed management (mainly through cultural control), harvesting and postharvest handling, and utilization.
Palms.
Authors: Paull R. E. , Duarte O. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This chapter on coconut (Cocos nucifera) and salak (Salacca zalacca) covers the following: taxonomy, area of origin, geographical distribution, environmental conditions (soil chemical and physical properties) for growth, plant morphology (stems, roots, leaves, inflorescences and flowers) and development (pollination and fruit set), cultivar development, cultural practices (propagation, transplanting and spacing, irrigation, pruning and fertilizer application), pests and diseases, weed control (mainly through cultural control), harvesting, postharvest handling and marketing.
Other African fruit: tamarind, marula and ackee.
Authors: Paull R. E. , Duarte O. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This chapter on tamarind (Tamarindus indica), marula (Sclerocarya birrea) and ackee (Blighia sapida) covers the following: taxonomy, area of origin and geographical distribution, environmental conditions for growth (soil chemical and physical properties, and climate), plant morphology (whole tree, flowers and fruits) and development (flowering, pollination, and fruit set, growth and ripening), cultivar development and selection, cultural practices (propagation, field preparation, transplanting and plant spacing, irrigation, pruning, and fertilizer application), diseases and insect pests, weed management (mainly through physical and cultural control), harvesting, postharvest handling, world-scale production, and utilization.
Other tropical Asian and Pacific fruit.
Authors: Paull R. E. , Duarte O. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This chapter on langsat and duku (Lansium domesticum), santol (Sandoricum koetjape), wax apple (Syzygium samarangense), pummelo (Citrus maxima) and ambarella (Spondias dulcis) covers the following: taxonomy, areas of origin and distribution, environmental conditions for cultivation (climate, and soil chemical and physical properties), plant morphology (whole tree, flowers and fruits) and development (pollination, and fruit set, growth and ripening), cultivar development and selection, cultural practices (propagation, nursery management, field preparation, transplanting and plant spacing, irrigation, pruning, thinning, and fertilizer application), diseases and insect pests, weed management (cultural control), orchard protection, harvesting, postharvest handling, and utilization.
American fruit.
Authors: Paull R. E. , Duarte O. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This chapter on mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota), chiku or sapodilla (Manilkara zapota), pitaya or dragon fruit (Hylocereus sp.), acerola (Malpighia emarginata) and naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) from tropical America covers the following: taxonomy, areas of origin and distribution, environmental requirements for cultivation (climate, and soil chemical and physical properties), plant morphology (whole plant, flowers and fruits) and development (pollination, and fruit set, growth and ripening), cultivar development and selection, cultural practices (propagation, field preparation, transplanting and plant spacing, irrigation, pruning, and fertilizer application), diseases and insect pests, weed management, harvesting, postharvest handling, and utilization.
Instantaneous-Rates Tagging Models Allowing for Delayed Mixing of Newly Tagged Cohorts: Partial Year Tabulation of Recaptures
Authors: Waterhouse Lynn , Hoenig John M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Instantaneous-rates tagging models can be used to estimate natural and fishing mortality rates from multiyear tagging studies in which cohorts of tagged animals are released at the start of each year. The models can include additional parameters to account for a delay in the mixing of newly tagged animals with previously tagged animals. Here a new model, referred to as the partial-year tabulation model for delayed mixing (delayed PYT model), is proposed in which the year is divided into parts and tag returns are tabulated by parts of the year rather than a full year. This is beneficial when there is delayed mixing because it achieves greater precision than annual tabulation and it provides estimates of the instantaneous rate of fishing mortality in the first year, which cannot be obtained when tag returns are tabulated by full year. The new model can be used at little or no extra cost. The superiority of the delayed PYT model is demonstrated through Monte Carlo simulation.
Received March 13, 2011; accepted June 9, 2011