bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation and covariation in strongyle infection in East African shorthorn zebu calves
Authors: CALLABY R. , HANOTTE O. , CONRADIE VAN WYK I. , KIARA H. , TOYE P. , MBOLE-KARIUKI M. N. , JENNINGS A. , THUMBI S. M. , COETZER J. A. W. , de. C. BRONSVOORT B. M. , KNOTT S. A. , WOOLHOUSE M. E. J. , KRUUK L. E. B. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYParasite burden varies widely between individuals within a population, and can covary with multiple aspects of individual phenotype. Here we investigate the sources of variation in faecal strongyle eggs counts, and its association with body weight and a suite of haematological measures, in a cohort of indigenous zebu calves in Western Kenya, using relatedness matrices reconstructed from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes. Strongyle egg count was heritable (h2 = 23·9%,s.e. = 11·8%) and we also found heritability of white blood cell counts (WBC) (h2 = 27·6%,s.e. = 10·6%). All the traits investigated showed negative phenotypic covariances with strongyle egg count throughout the first year: high worm counts were associated with low values of WBC, red blood cell count, total serum protein and absolute eosinophil count. Furthermore, calf body weight at 1 week old was a significant predictor of strongyle EPG at 16–51 weeks, with smaller calves having a higher strongyle egg count later in life. Our results indicate a genetic basis to strongyle EPG in this population, and also reveal consistently strong negative associations between strongyle infection and other important aspects of the multivariate phenotype.
Effects of geometry and chemistry on hydrophobic solvation
Authors: Harris Robert C. , Pettitt B. Montgomery 
Published: September 2014

Significance
The solvation free energy of a molecule includes the free energy required to remove solvent from what will become the molecular interior and the free energy gained from dispersive interactions between the solute and solvent. Traditionally, these free energies have been assumed to be proportional to the surface area of the molecule. However, we computed these free energies for a series of alkanes and four configurations of decaalanine and showed that although these free energies were linear in the surface area for each set of molecules, each atom’s contributions to these energies depended on correlations with its surrounding atoms. The atomic contributions to these energies were therefore not additive. This finding suggests that most current hydrophobic models are unsatisfactory.
Invasive plants in a rapidly changing climate: an Australian perspective.
Authors: Webber B. L. , Klinken R. D. van , Scott J. K. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Invasive plants in Australia are currently among the greatest threats to native biological diversity and a significant cost to agriculture. The impact of climate change is projected to be particularly significant for Australia and will add to and change the impact of invasive plants on natural and managed ecosystems. Australia is a large country incorporating a wide variety of climates that often experience significant disturbance events, is likely to undergo significant land-use change with climate change and has a long history of some 26,000 plant species introductions and about 2700 established alien plant species. This combination of features makes it a particularly pertinent place to explore the effect of climate change on invasive plants. Here, the chapter begins by providing background context on plant introductions, climate change and the policy underpinning management relevant for invasive plants in Australia. Then, the existing literature linking climate change and invasive plants is reviewed, focusing on climate change drivers and shifting species distributions, before looking at how the management of invasive plants will be particularly influenced by climate change. The chapter concludes by highlighting five areas where greater research effort is required and where Australian insight is likely to improve best practice management significantly, with global applicability for invasive plants in a changing climate.
Assessing and managing the impact of climate change on invasive species: the PBDM approach.
Authors: Gutierrez A. P. , Ponti L. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Assessing the geographic distribution and abundance of invasive species is critical for developing sound management and/or eradication policies. Ecological niche modelling approaches (ENMs) that make implicit assumptions about biology and mathematics are commonly used to predict the potential distribution of invasive species based on their recorded distribution. An alternative approach is physiologically based demographic modelling (PBDM), which explicitly incorporates the mathematics and the observed biology, including trophic interactions, to predict the temporal phenology and dynamics of a species across wide geographic areas. The invasive weed, yellow starthistle (YST) (Centaurea solstitialis), and its interactions with annual grasses and herbivorous biological control agents is used to demonstrate the utility of the PBDM approach for analysing complex invasive species problems. The PBDM predicts the distribution and relative abundance of YST accurately across the western USA, and the results are used to assess the effects of temperature, rainfall, competition from grasses and the efficacy of biocontrol efforts. Such an effort could also be used to include the direct effects of rising carbon dioxide on YST biology. A bioeconomic model could be developed to show how the YST PBDM analysis can also be used to assess the biological and economic effects of climate change on YST infestation levels regionally. Finally, this chapter discusses the need for a unified system for assessing invasive species problems at the field, regional and global levels, with the goal of enhancing the development of efficacious policy and management decisions.
CrossRef's Text and Data Mining Services
Authors: LAMMEY Rachael 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTCrossRef (http://www.crossref.org/) is an association of scholarly publishers that develops shared infrastructure to support more effective scholarly communications. In May 2014, CrossRef launched CrossRef Text and Data Mining Services for its members. This article covers the thinking behind CrossRef launching this service, and the particular problems it aims to address around the collection of full‐text content for the purposes of text and data mining (TDM). It explains the technical aspects of the service for researchers and lets publishers know what they need to provide to CrossRef in order to participate and how to do so. It will also describe the pilot of CrossRef's TDM Services, and information on publisher uptake since the launch and how this can be measured, and the costs for joining or using the service.
How is the discipline of publishing studies accommodated within universities?
Authors: BAVERSTOCK Alison , STEINITZ Jackie 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper offers an overview, both internationally and with a particular concentration on the UK, of how the profession‐orientated discipline of publishing studies (PS) is accommodated and established within those universities where it is offered. It presents a combination of data, gained from a survey of professionals teaching PS, desk research into courses of PS in the UK, and from Heidi and HESA. The findings offer information on the size of the field, the location, the employability of graduates and associated staffing and research support structures. While of interest to publishing studies per se, it should also be relevant to those working within other profession‐orientated disciplines; to those considering the employability of graduating students; and to those considering the value of postgraduate studies.
Engineering a circular riboregulator inEscherichia coli
Authors: Rostain William , Shen Shensi , Cordero Teresa , Rodrigo Guillermo , Jaramillo Alfonso 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCircular RNAs have recently been shown to be important gene expression regulators in mammalian cells. However, their role in prokaryotes remains elusive. Here, we engineered a synthetic riboregulator that self-splice to produce a circular molecule, exploiting group I permuted intron-exon (PIE) sequences. We demonstrated that the resulting circular riboregulator can activate gene expression, showing increased dynamic range compared to the linear form. We characterized the system with a fluorescent reporter and with an antibiotic resistance marker. Thanks to the increased regulatory activity by higher stability, isolation due to self-splicing, and modularity of PIE, we envisage engineered circular riboregulators in further synthetic biology applications.
Reflections on a Socratic approach to engagement
Authors: Bagshaw Mike 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to enhance involvement in the learning process in order that students are active co-creators in their learning, developing their capability for proactive change.

Design/methodology/approach
– Action inquiry (Torbert, 2004). This involves simultaneously conducting action and inquiry in a systematic way.

Findings
– Engagement is a “contact sport” in which complex problems can only be solved by the development of social collaboration where the authors are able to share knowledge and assumptions and co-create together. This requires that groups go through a development process.

Research limitations/implications
– The main limitation is the bias and social influence of the tutor/trainer in the process of developing deeper dialogue. Research needs to explore how the “leader” is able to limit their own bias whilst facilitating development through the stages of dialogue development.

Practical implications
– Most training and teaching assumes that the teacher/trainer has expertise to pass on. This implies that they have the answer to problems being explored. Increasingly the authors need to facilitate the collective creativity of groups to solve complex problems for which the facilitator does not have the answer. This requires a different mindset and “felt-sense”.

Social implications
– To solve complex problems the authors need to develop collective communication capacities, and shift from a focus on personal ego to thinking together in a spirit of learning and inquiry.

Originality/value
– To date there has been little reported that helps facilitators in education and training practically to develop the facilitative and design skills to create learning spaces where groups think together in a non-defensive and generative way. This paper is a step in that direction.
Employee empowerment: factors affecting the consequent success or failure – Part I
Authors: H. Appelbaum Steven , Karasek Robin , Lapointe Françis , Quelch Kim 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– The purpose of the paper is to uncover and synthesise the main factors that affects and determines the success or failure of empowerment initiatives from a macro and micro perspective.Design/methodology/approach– A thorough review of scholarly articles and empirical evidence was conducted on the topic of empowerment in order to bring to light the correlation between the different factors affecting structural empowerment, psychological empowerment and the effect of leadership style.Findings– It has been determined that a team based structure and a culture based on trust and open communication are the key factors affecting the successful implementation of empowerment. Furthermore, although, many positive points can be made for transformational leadership, transactional leadership cannot be discounted as the research shows that the right combination of incentives and rewards, coupled with a certain organisational culture can breed empowerment among certain types of employees.Research limitations/implications– Going forward in terms of research on the increasingly popular concept of empowerment, it is believed that a more fully integrated model should be developed. Although some models do incorporate analysis of various macro and micro variables a more comprehensive and encompassing model would prove useful. Such a model would allow for a far more in-depth understanding of empowerment and its defining factors and would provide an invaluable tool to organisations wishing to implement empowerment in the most optimal way.Practical implications– In applying a combination of theories on empowerment, leadership and individuals as part of an organisation, the authors posit that empowerment initiatives are predisposed to either success or failure. In order for empowerment to permeate the corporate culture and prove successful, the predispositions of decentralised management and personal ambition are strong factors of success.Social implications– The authors postulate that the deciding factors regarding the success or failure of empowering an employee originate from the employees themselves. Even though employees can adopt new corporate cultures and be transformed by their leaders, their core traits remain the same and will have a decisive impact on the eventual success or failure of empowerment initiatives.Originality/value– Going forward in terms of research on the increasingly popular concept of empowerment, it is believed that a more fully integrated model should be developed. Although some models do incorporate analysis of various macro and micro variables, a more comprehensive and encompassing model would prove useful.
Blending work and learning: the impact of a workplace learning programme on the low-skilled and long term unemployed
Authors: Tiernan Peter , O’Kelly Jane 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of a workplace learning programme on the low-skilled and long term unemployed. The paper evaluates improvements in skills and attitudes from the workers perspective.Design/methodology/approach– The paper builds on current literature in the area to design and evaluate a workplace learning programme. Quantitative and qualitative data are used to evaluate staff perceptions.Findings– Findings indicate that providing a mix of workplace learning, and focused academic content can have an extremely positive impact on the skill-set and mind-set of low-skilled and long term unemployed workers. The effect of this is that workers are more likely to apply for further educational and employment opportunities.Practical implications– Findings reinforce the view that an integrated approach to tackling long-term unemployment and the up-skilling of workers may be more effective than providing employment initiatives alone.Originality/value– While statistics on long term unemployment and the vulnerability of low-skilled workers are widely available right across the EU, there is a comparative lack of literature around initiatives designed to tackle these problems, and even less which incorporates the views of workers themselves. This paper provides a unique look at the implementation of a workplace learning programme and its impact on staff.
The role of rules-based compliance systems in the new EU regulatory landscape
Authors: Gozman Daniel , Currie Wendy 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to understand how institutional changes to the European Union regulatory landscape may affect corresponding institutionalized operational practices within financial organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study adopts an Investment Management System as its case and investigates different implementations of this system within eight financial organizations, predominantly focused on investment banking and asset management activities within capital markets. At the systems vendor site, senior systems consultants and client relationship managers were interviewed. Within the financial organizations, compliance, risk and systems experts were interviewed.

Findings
– The study empirically tests modes of institutional change. Displacement and Layering were found to be the most prevalent modes. However, the study highlights how the outcomes of Displacement and Drift may be similar in effect as both modes may cause compliance gaps. The research highlights how changes in regulations may create gaps in systems and processes which, in the short term, need to be plugged by manual processes.

Practical implications
– Vendors abilities to manage institutional change caused by Drift, Displacement, Layering and Conversion and their ability to efficiently and quickly translate institutional variables into structured systems has the power to ease the pain and cost of compliance as well as reducing the risk of breeches by reducing the need for interim manual systems.

Originality/value
– The study makes a contribution by applying recent theoretical concepts of institutional change to the topic of regulatory change uses this analysis to provide insight into the effects of this new environment.
International career motives, repatriation and career success of Indian women in Science & Technology
Authors: Valk Reimara , Van der Velde Mandy , Van Engen Marloes , Godbole Rohini 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into international career motives, repatriation and career success of Indian women in Science and Technology.Design/methodology/approach– In total, 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted with (upper) middle-class Indian women in Science and Technology in Bangalore and New Delhi, India.Findings– Thematic analysis resulted in four themes – International career motives, Theme 1: cross-cultural and scientific exposure; Repatriation reasons and experiences, Theme 2: family reunion, career prospects and readjustment; Career success, Theme 3: international experience; and career growth, Theme 4: social responsibility. Motives for international career mobility of Indian women were: exposure to foreign cultures, international collaboration in science and personal and professional development. Family formation and reunion and career prospects were reasons for repatriation and positively influenced repatriation experiences of Indian women. Readjustment to people and conditions in India impacted their repatriation experiences negatively. The meaning women attribute to career success is grounded in recognition from peers in science, career growth, satisfaction and contribution to science and Indian society.Research limitations/implications– The sample of Indian female scientists may limit generalization of the findings to global career professionals in other professions from other countries with different socio-cultural and economic contexts.Practical implications– HR policies that foster international careers of women scientists as well as women's networks in science to share and apply knowledge, and their contribution to the Indian economy and society will enhance global career success of women and strengthen the sustainable competitive position of organizations.Originality/value– The study provides new insights into motivation for international career mobility and repatriation of women professionals from a developing country and their career success in the home country, and contributes to the development of theoretical frameworks on international career mobility and career success.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of rugby event sponsorship: a study of Dove Men+Care and the Welsh Rugby Union
Authors: Thomas Robert James 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this study is to evaluate rugby fans’ attitudes toward financial sponsorship, specifically event sponsorship and Dove Men+Care and its association with the Welsh Rugby Union. The study examines four issues: How do rugby fans perceive event sponsorship? How does such sponsorship affect consumption choices? Do fans engage in long-term relationships with the event’s sponsoring brand? Are relationships affected by the event sponsor’s engagement with other international teams and rugby events?

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is a theory-building, exploratory study that utilised a qualitative framework. Data were collected over a 12-month period, incorporating the autumn internationals of 2012 and 2013, with 198 fans participating in focus groups before and after games.

Findings
– The results reveal a distinct lack of brand awareness on the part of the participants, a collective perception of the sponsor as incongruent given the event and a demonstration of enmity arising from rival sponsorships by the sponsoring brand. Additionally, the findings reveal a reluctance to consume the sponsoring brand in either the short or long term given its incongruence, lack of functionality, pre-existing schematic frameworks and obdurate brand preferences.

Research limitations/implications
– Given that autumn internationals are held every season by several of the international rugby board (IRB) ranked teams, the findings of this research have an immediate and direct application for brand managers involved or implementing sponsorship programs. The research outlines both short and long term mistakes made by the sponsor as perceived by the fans’ themselves, and suggests that those brands considering becoming involved in sport and event sponsorship instigate a more informed, strategic approach to their sponsorship activities. However, the work is context driven and therefore not generalisable.

Practical implications
– The findings enable marketing brand managers to effectively evaluate events against the backdrop of strategic fit, as well as fan/consumer expectations, their needs and wants and willingness to engage.

Originality/value
– Despite rugby union’s growing global presence, little or no research has examined sponsorship within the context of rugby union and none exists that has evaluated event sponsorship, and been driven by fans’ perspectives. This paper fills that void. The research delineates fans attitudes, opinions and brand conceptualisations relating to event sponsorship, incorporating evaluations of identity, congruence and fit. Moreover, the paper highlights what to avoid from a strategic and brand building perspective when considering event sponsorship in a rugby union context.
Hypoacusia and Chronic Renal Dysfunction: New Etiopathogenetic Prospective
Authors: Cuna Vania , Battaglino Giuseppe , Capelli Irene , Sala Elisa , Donati Gabriele , Cianciolo Giuseppe , La Manna Gaetano 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe oto‐renal axis describes the relationship between hearing loss and chronic nephropathy. Several clinical studies have investigated the incidence of hypoacusia in patients affected by chronic renal failure, but the etiopathogenic mechanism is not fully understood. In this context, there is a general agreement that hypoacusia is usually neurosensorial and the cochlea is the main site of lesion. Inner ear and kidney present an interesting similarity in terms of structure and function. In particular, the presence of pericytes and podocytes in inner ear and in glomeruli, respectively, evidence common characteristics of microcirculation. Defects in microcirculation in the inner ear mainly cause an electrolytic imbalance with the consequent impairment of endocochlear potential and sensorial transduction. In kidney, microvessels and podocytes contribute to glomerular stability and function. Microcirculation dysfunction often occurs during the inflammatory status, frequently reported both in chronic nephropathy and in cardiovascular disease. Clinical studies aimed to describe the hypoacusia in nephropathy patients are summarized. Then, in order to speculate the etiopathogenic mechanism of hearing loss in chronic nephropathy, we report the similarities between pericytes and podocytes in inner ear and glomeruli microcirculation in terms of structure and function. Finally, we propose a model in which inflammation plays an important role in oto‐renal dysfunction. Our model proposes the inflammation, as an etiopathogenic mechanism of hypoacusia in chronic nephropathy and the defective cross‐talk between pericytes/podocytes and vascular endothelium, as the initial event of the degenerative process.