bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between body mass index and suicide, and suicide attempt among british adults: The health improvement network database
Authors: Gao S. , Juhaeri J. , Reshef S. , Dai W.S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:To examine the associations between body mass index (BMI) and incidence rate (IR) of suicide attempt and suicide.Design and Methods:849,434 British adults were identified from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database between January 2000 and October 2007. BMI was categorized into six levels: <18.5 (underweight), 18.5‐24.9 (normal weight), 25.0‐29.9 (overweight), 30.0‐34.9, 35.0‐39.9, and ≥40 (obese levels I‐III).Results:We identified 3,111 suicide attempts by Read codes and 75 suicides with medical records. The overall IR of suicide attempt was 82.2 cases per 100,000 person‐years. The IR decreased with BMI in men with depression (471.3‐166.0 cases per 100,000 person‐years, P for trend = 0.02) and in men without depression (241.5‐58.0 cases per 100,000 person‐years, P for trend < 0.0001). In women with depression, an L‐shaped relationship was observed, that is, a higher rate in underweight group when compared with reference group (503.2 vs. 282.7 per 100,000 person‐years) and no significant differences in others (231.8‐195.5 cases per 100,000 person‐years). In women without depression, the IR was U‐shaped with BMI (125.2 in underweight, 68.6 in reference, and 48.5‐79.9 cases in overweight and obese I‐III groups per 100,000 person‐years, P for trend < 0.0001). The above trends remained after adjustment for the covariates. Regarding suicide, the overall IR was 2.0 cases per 100,000 person‐years, which tended to decrease with BMI (P = 0.14).Conclusions:We concluded an inverse linear association between BMI and suicide attempt among men, an L‐shaped association in nondepressive women, and a U‐shaped association in depressive women were observed. The study also suggested an inverse linear tendency between BMI and suicide.
Genetic and biochemical evidence for a functional role of BACE1 in the regulation of insulin mRNA expression
Authors: Hoffmeister Albrecht , Tuennemann Jan , Sommerer Ines , Mössner Joachim , Rittger Andrea , Schleinitz Dorit , Kratzsch Jürgen , Rosendahl Jonas , Klöting Nora , Stahl Tobias , Roßner Steffen , Paroni Federico , Maedler Kathrin , Kovacs Peter , Blüher Matthias 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveBeta‐site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE1) is highly expressed in pancreatic β‐cells. The BACE1 gene is located in a region associated with a high diabetes risk in PIMA Indians.Design and MethodsINS‐1E cells were used to study the impact of siRNA‐mediated BACE1 knockdown and glucose metabolism was characterized in Bace1–/– mice. BACE1 gene was sequenced in DNA samples from 48 subjects and 13 representative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were then genotyped for association studies in 1,527 Caucasians.ResultsReduction of Bace1 expression results in a significant decrease in insulin mRNA expression in INS‐1E cells. Bace1–/– mice display significantly lower body weight, lower plasma insulin concentrations, but normal glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In a case‐control study including 538 healthy controls and 989 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), one SNP (rs535860) was significantly associated with T2D (P < 3.5 × 10−5, adjusted for age, sex, and BMI).ConclusionsReduced Bace1 expression causes impaired insulin expression in pancreatic β‐cells of Bace1–/– mice, suggesting that BACE1 plays a role in the regulation of insulin biogenesis. The functionally relevant rs535860 SNP may decrease BACE1 expression by creating a new miR‐661 binding site and could therefore contribute to T2D development.
Analysis of Cleistopholis patens Leaf and Trunk Bark Oils Using Combined GC‐ Flame Ionisation Detection, GC‐Retention Index, GC–MS and 13C‐NMR
Authors: Ouattara Zana A. , Boti Jean Brice , Ahibo Antoine Coffy , Casanova Joseph , Tomi Félix , Bighelli Ange 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionGermacrenes A–C are secondary metabolites produced by various plants. They are sesquiterpene hydrocarbons bearing the (E,E)‐1,5‐cyclodecadiene structure known to undergo thermal rearrangement through a [3.3]‐sigmatropic reaction. Such a rearrangement was evidenced by comparing the contents of a given germacrene and the corresponding elemene calculated by GC‐flame ionisation detection (FID) with the relative intensities of the signals of both molecules in the 13C‐NMR spectrum of the mixture, recorded at room temperature.ObjectiveTo develop a protocol to identify and quantify germacrenes A, B and C and in parallel the corresponding elemenes, using a combination of GC‐FID and 13C‐NMR and then provide a correct analysis of Cleistopholis patens essential oils.MethodsThe essential oil was submitted to GC‐FID, GC‐retention index, GC–MS and 13C‐NMR analyses. The relative percentages of every couple of germacrene and elemene measured by GC‐FID were summed. Then, the relative ratio of the mean intensities of the signals of the protonated carbons of a given germacrene and the corresponding elemene was calculated. The contents of both compounds were obtained by combining GC‐FID and 13C‐NMR data.ResultsThe true content of germacrene A/β‐elemene, germacrene B/γ‐elemene and germacrene C/δ‐elemene in leaf and root oils from C. patens was evaluated by combination of GC‐FID and 13C‐NMR data. Correct analysis of the essential oils was provided.ConclusionCombined analysis of essential oil including 13C‐NMR without isolation of the components, appeared really efficient to identify and quantify germacrene isomers and in parallel elemene isomers in essential oils. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noninvasive prenatal testing creates an opportunity for antenatal treatment of Down syndrome
Authors: Guedj Faycal , Bianchi Diana W. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTTrisomy 21 (T21) is the most common autosomal aneuploidy that is associated with intellectual disability. It is the focus of many prenatal screening programs across the globe. Pregnant women who receive a prenatal diagnosis of T21 in their fetus currently have the option of continuing or terminating their pregnancy, but no fetal treatment is available. In this paper, we review compelling morphogenetic, cellular, and molecular studies that, taken together, suggest that there is an important window of opportunity during fetal life to positively impact brain development to improve postnatal neurocognition and behavior. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the basic neurobiology of Down syndrome (DS), the majority of pre‐clinical trials is currently focused on adults. There are a number of challenges in the identification and development of novel antenatal therapies for DS, including the lack of toxicity and teratogenicity for the pregnant woman and the fetus, evidence that the compounds can cross the placenta and achieve therapeutic levels, and the demonstration of clinical improvement. Preliminary experiments in mouse models suggest that prenatal treatment of DS is an achievable goal. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and electrochromic properties of aromatic polyetherimides based on a triphenylamine‐dietheramine monomer
Authors: Hsiao Sheng‐Huei , Wang Hui‐Min , Chang Pei‐Chi , Kung Yu‐Ruei , Lee Tzong‐Ming 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTA series of electroactive polyetherimides (PEIs) with triphenylamine (TPA) units were prepared from the polycondensation reactions of 4,4′‐bis(p‐aminophenoxy)triphenylamine with aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides via a conventional two‐step technique. The PEIs showed high thermal stability, with glass‐transition temperatures of 234–282 °C and decomposition temperatures in excess of 500 °C. They showed well‐defined and reversible redox couples during both p‐ and n‐doping processes, together with multielectrochromic behaviors. These polymers exhibited enhanced redox‐stability and electrochromic performance as compared with the corresponding analogs without the phenoxy spacer between the TPA and imide units. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2925–2938
One‐pot synthesis of conjugated poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐b‐poly(phenyl isocyanide) hybrid rod–rod block copolymers and its self‐assembling properties
Authors: Wu Zong‐Quan , Qi Cheng‐Gang , Liu Na , Wang Ying , Yin Jun , Zhu Yuan‐Yuan , Qiu Long‐Zhen , Lu Hong‐Bo 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, the synthesis of a series of conjugated rod–rod block copolymers based on poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(phenyl isocyanide) (PPI) building blocks in a single pot is presented. Ni‐catalyzed Grignard metathesis polymerization of 2,5‐dibromo‐3‐hexylthiophene and subsequent addition of 4‐isocyanobenzoyl‐2‐aminoisobutyric acid decyl ester in the presence of Ni(dppp)Cl2 as a single catalyst afford P3HT‐b‐PPI with tunable molecular weights and compositions. In solid state, microphase separation occurred as differential scanning calorimetric analysis of P3HT‐b‐PPI revealed two glass transition temperatures. In solutions, the copolymers can self‐assemble into spherical aggregates with P3HT core and PPI shell in tetrahydrofuran and exhibit amorphous state in CHCl3. However, atomic force microscopy revealed that the block copolymers self‐assemble into nanofibrils on the substrate. These unique features warrant the resultant conjugated rod–rod copolymers' potential study in organic photovoltaic and other electronic devices. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2939–2947
Enhanced many‐body effects in one‐dimensional linear atomic chains
Authors: Fei Ruixiang , Luo Guangfu , Wang Yangyang , Gao Zhengxiang , Nagase Shigeru , Yu Dapeng , Lu Jing 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe present the quasiparticle energy and optical absorption spectrum results of 1D linear H, BN, C, and Au chains, which are the lower size limit of a periodic material, by using ab initio many‐body approaches. Unprecedentedly large quasiparticle corrections and excitonic effects are revealed in these extreme systems compared with quasi‐1D, 2D, and 3D periodic systems. The binding energy of the bound exciton is up to 3.55 eV in the semiconducting BN chain and 0.5 eV in the metallic C chain, the latter of which is the largest in a metallic system.
Ion‐to‐neutral ratio of 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Tsang , Lee Sheng , Lu I‐Chung , Chu Kuan Yu , Liang Chi‐Wei , Lee Chih Hao , Lee Yuan T. , Ni Chi‐Kung 
Published: April 2013

RATIONALEIn most previous studies, the ratios of desorbed ions and neutrals from matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) were measured outside the common MALDI conditions. In this work, we measured the ratios under common MALDI conditions.METHODSIons were detected using a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer in combination with a time‐gated ion imaging detector. Mass‐resolved desorbed neutral molecules at different angles and velocities were measured using a modified crossed molecular beam apparatus.RESULTSThe upper limit of the ion‐to‐neutral ratio from pure 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (25DHB) is 4 × 10−9 at laser fluence 40 J/m2, it increases to 3 × 10−7 at laser fluence 250 J/m2. The ratios of matrix from the mixture of 25DHB and analyte remain in the same order of magnitude as pure 25DHB. However, the ratio of analyte depends strongly on the analyte. Values as large as 10−3–10−4 for bradykinin and as small as <10−8 for glycine were observed at laser fluence ~100 J/m2.CONCLUSIONThe ion‐to‐neutral ratios of 25DHB matrix measured in this work are much smaller than some of the values reported in previous work using different methods and/or under different MALDI conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust high‐throughput sample preparation and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of β‐lyase metabolites of sulfur mustard as 1,1′‐sulfonylbis‐[2‐(methylthio)ethane] in human urine
Authors: Reddy Muntha K. , Nixon Christopher , Wyatt Shane A. , Croley Timothy R. 
Published: April 2013

RATIONALESulfur mustard (HD) is a major chemical warfare agent threat to humans. Since World War I, several incidents of human exposure to sulfur mustard have been reported. In order to assist health professionals during an exposure event and support biological monitoring, a rapid analytical method is required to measure the exposure of humans to HD.METHODThe β‐lyase metabolites of HD, 1‐methylsulfinyl‐2‐[2‐(methylthio)ethylsulfonyl]ethane (MSMTESE) and 1,1′‐sulfonylbis[2‐(methylsulfinyl)ethane] (SBMSE) were reduced to the single biomarker, 1,1′‐sulfonylbis‐[2‐(methylthio)ethane] (SBMTE), using titanium(III) chloride. High‐throughput sample preparation was performed on a Tecan Freedom EVO liquid handler and analysis was performed by electrospray ionization liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) in the multiple‐reaction monitoring mode.RESULTSEach analytical run consisted of a matrix blank, calibration standards (0.1–100 ng/mL), low quality controls (QCs), 2.5 ng/mL, and high QCs, 25.0 ng/mL, of SBMTE in human urine. The method was validated with 20 analytical runs performed by four analysts. The mean calculated concentrations of the low and high QCs were 2.52 and 25.5 ng/mL with relative standard deviations of 3.6% and 2.3%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThis semi‐automated method has few manual transfer steps, thus minimizing common manual errors and saving time. Therefore, this method would be very helpful to responding laboratories in a large‐scale exposure event related to HD. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detailed characterization of poly(2‐ethyl‐2oxazoline)s by energy variable collision‐induced dissociation study
Authors: Altuntas Esra , Weber Christine , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: April 2013

RATIONALEPoly(2‐oxazoline)s are important polymers and can be considered as pseudo‐peptides which makes them important for biomedical and life science applications. This prompts the need for a detailed characterization of these polymers via different analytical tools such as mass spectrometry. Here, the energy‐variable collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)s was studied by electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐QTOFMS/MS) to gain further structural information about this polymer type.METHODSAll polymers were analyzed using manual flow injection of samples into an ESI‐QTOF mass spectrometer. Mass spectra (MS and MS/MS) were obtained in the positive ion mode over a mass‐to‐charge (m/z) range from 50 to 3000.RESULTSThe dependency of the fragmentation patterns as a function of collision energy was examined and the characteristic collision energy (CCE or CE50) values for various poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)s with different end‐groups were calculated. The effect of molar masses on the CCE values was investigated via the survival yield (SY) method and a linear relationship between CCE values and the degree of polymerization for the PEtOx polymers was observed.CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that ESI‐MS/MS is very useful for differentiating poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)s with different end‐groups by varying the collision energy. The SY method has the potential to determine the importance of the end‐groups on the fragmentation behavior of this polymer type. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐efficiency real‐time digital signal averager for time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Yinan , Xu Hui , Li Qingjiang , Li Nan , Huang Zhengxu , Zhou Zhen , Liu Husheng , Sun Zhaolin , Xu Xin , Yu Hongqi , Liu Haijun , Li David D.‐U. , Wang Xi , Dong Xiuzhen , Gao Wei 
Published: April 2013

RATIONALEAnalog‐to‐digital converter (ADC)‐based acquisition systems are widely applied in time‐of‐flight mass spectrometers (TOFMS) due to their ability to record the signal intensity of all ions within the same pulse. However, the acquisition system raises the requirement for data throughput, along with increasing the conversion rate and resolution of the ADC. It is therefore of considerable interest to develop a high‐performance real‐time acquisition system, which can relieve the limitation of data throughput.METHODSWe present in this work a high‐efficiency real‐time digital signal averager, consisting of a signal conditioner, a data conversion module and a signal processing module. Two optimization strategies are implemented using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to enhance the efficiency of the real‐time processing. A pipeline procedure is used to reduce the time consumption of the accumulation strategy. To realize continuous data transfer, a high‐efficiency transmission strategy is developed, based on a ping‐pong procedure.RESULTSThe digital signal averager features good responsiveness, analog bandwidth and dynamic performance. The optimal effective number of bits reaches 6.7 bits. For a 32 µs record length, the averager can realize 100% efficiency with an extraction frequency below 31.23 kHz by modifying the number of accumulation steps. In unit time, the averager yields superior signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) compared with data accumulation in a computer.CONCLUSIONSThe digital signal averager is combined with a vacuum ultraviolet single‐photon ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (VUV‐SPI‐TOFMS). The efficiency of the real‐time processing is tested by analyzing the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from ordinary printed materials. In these experiments, 22 kinds of compounds are detected, and the dynamic range exceeds 3 orders of magnitude. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tertiary evolution of the western Tarim basin, northwest China: A tectono‐sedimentary response to northward indentation of the Pamir salient
Authors: Wei Hong‐Hong , Meng Qing‐Ren , Ding Lin , Li Zhen‐Yu 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the Tertiary tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the western Tarim basin based on an integrated stratigraphic, sedimentary, structural, and tectonic analyses. Basin evolution is divided into three stages: Paleogene, Miocene, and Pliocene. The western Tarim basin was the easternmost part of the Tethyan realm from Late Cretaceous to Paleogene, and marine sedimentation continued into the Early Miocene. Miocene development of the western Tarim basin was chiefly governed by West Kunlun right‐slip faulting and the simultaneous northward thrusting of the Pamir salient and Tianshuihai terrane. Yecheng subbasin developed as a pull‐apart basin owing to synchronous activity of the West Kunlun and the Shache‐Yangdaman right‐slip faults. Hotan foreland basin formed in response to northward displacement of the Tianshuihai terrane, and another might have developed in front of the advancing Pamir salient in the Miocene. Basinward thrusting became predominant in the orogenic belts adjacent to the western Tarim basin in the Pliocene. North‐directed displacement and uplift of the Tiklik thrust terrane fragmented the preexisting Hotan foreland basin, and collision of the Pamir with the southern Tian Shan deformational fronts caused complete destruction of the Miocene Pamir foreland basin. Eastward displacement of the Qimugen fold‐thrust system led to flexural subsidence of the Yecheng subbasin in the Pliocene. Kashi subbasin developed as part of the southern Tian Shan foreland basin, and was controlled by the eastern Pamir as well. A tectonic scenario is proposed to illustrate complicated interplay of the western Tarim basin with its peripheral orogens in the Tertiary.
Use of pan evaporation to estimate terrestrial evaporation trends: The case of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Brutsaert Wilfried 
Published: April 2013

Key Points
Often decreasing pan evaporation means increasing terrestrial evaporation.
Past global dimming was likely too weak to cause wide decreased evaporation.
Often a decrease in wind speed, i.e. stilling, leads to increasing evaporation.
Role of preoperative palliation of jaundice in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kozarek Richard 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground/purposeRecent studies suggest that there is no significant benefit and that there may be significantly higher morbidity rates in pancreatic cancer patients who undergo preoperative plastic stent placement for obstructive jaundice. This review attempts to define the role of stenting in patients with pancreatic cancer and malignant obstructive jaundice. The latter includes patients unresectable for cure, those who are too frail to withstand an operation, the occasional patient who presents with cholangitis, and those patients who will have a significant delay in surgery because of preoperative neoadjuvant therapy.MethodsLiterature review. A therapeutic endoscopy team member of a multidisciplinary team which evaluates and treats >250 pancreatic cancer patients yearly.ResultsThere are 5 historical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 1 current RCT demonstrating no significant benefit in preoperatively decompressing jaundiced patients with pancreatic malignancy with percutaneously placed tubes or endoscopically inserted plastic stents. There are 5 RCTs defining a longer patency rate with self‐expandable metal stents (SEMS) compared to plastic prostheses suggesting that in the setting of palliation as well as the use of neoadjuvant therapy for resectable or borderline resectable patients, SEMS placement is preferable.ConclusionsDespite data demonstrating lack of efficacy and potential harm in decompressing the biliary tree as opposed to early surgery in jaundiced patients with pancreatic malignancy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with SEMS insertion remains an invaluable palliative modality in non‐resectable patients as well as those in whom contemplated resection is delayed in order to give neoadjuvant therapy.
Assessing the relationship between family mealtime communication and adolescent emotional well‐being using the experience sampling method
Authors: Offer Shira 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWhile most prior research has focused on the frequency of family meals the issue of which elements of family mealtime are most salient for adolescents' well‐being has remained overlooked. The current study used the experience sampling method, a unique form of time diary, and survey data drawn from the 500 Family Study (N = 237 adolescents with 8122 observations) to examine the association between family mealtime communication and teens' emotional well‐being. Results showed that in approximately half of the time spent on family meals (3 h per week on average) adolescents reported talking to their parents. Hierarchical linear model analyses revealed that controlling for the quality of family relationships family mealtime communication was significantly associated with higher positive affect and engagement and with lower negative affect and stress. Findings suggest that family meals constitute an important site for communication between teens and parents that is beneficial to adolescents' emotional well‐being.