bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of New‐Onset Dyslipidemia After Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Kaga Mayuko , Utsumi Takanobu , Tanaka Tomoaki , Kono Takashi , Nagano Hidekazu , Kawamura Koji , Kamiya Naoto , Imamoto Takashi , Nihei Naoki , Naya Yukio , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundMany patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) show a significant decline in kidney function after adrenalectomy. Thus, PA patients who undergo surgery are at greater risk of both postoperative renal damage and new‐onset metabolic events associated with renal insufficiency. The aim of this study was to explore postoperative changes in serum lipid levels and to identify risk factors associated with postoperative new‐onset dyslipidemia in PA patients.MethodsThe records of 57 Japanese patients who underwent unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy for PA were retrospectively surveyed. Clinical and biochemical data were evaluated at baseline and 12 months after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) and serum lipid profile, including triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol levels, were compared. Furthermore, uni‐ and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the predictors for postoperative new‐onset dyslipidemia.ResultsA significant decrease in eGFR and deterioration of serum lipid levels was identified postoperatively in most patients. Of the 39 patients without pre‐existing dyslipidemia, 18 developed new‐onset dyslipidemia postoperatively. Multivariate analysis identified preoperative lower eGFR and higher body mass index as independent predictors for new‐onset dyslipidemia after surgery. On univariate analyses, additional factors associated with new‐onset dyslipidemia included older age, male sex, higher LDL‐cholesterol, and higher LDL/HDL ratio.ConclusionsPA patients had a higher risk of postoperative new‐onset or progressive dyslipidemia. Clinicians should pay attention to not only follow‐up of renal impairment but also total management of new‐onset metabolic events associated with renal insufficiency in PA patients.
Documentation of Pregnancy Status, Gynaecological History, Date of Last Menstrual Period and Contraception Use in Emergency Surgical Admissions: Time for a Change in Practice?
Authors: Powell‐Bowns M. , Wilson M. S. J. , Mustafa A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether pregnancy status, gynaecological history, date of last menstrual period and contraceptive use are documented in emergency female admissions of reproductive age admitted to general surgery.DesignThis is a retrospective study.SettingThis study was conducted in the United Kingdom.PopulationFemales of reproductive age (12–50 years) admitted as an emergency to general surgery with abdominal pain were considered in this study.MethodsRetrospective analysis of medical notes of emergency female admissions with abdominal pain between January and September 2012. We recorded whether a pregnancy test result was documented (cycle 1). Results were analysed and a prompt added to the medical clerk‐in document. We re‐audited (cycle 2) between January and June 2013 looking for improvement.Main outcome measuresDocumented pregnancy status within 24 h of admission and prior to any surgical intervention.Results100 case notes were reviewed in stage 1. 30 patients (30 %) had a documented pregnancy status. 32 (32 %), 25 (25 %) and 29 (29 %) had a documented gynaecology history, contraceptive use and date of last menstrual period (LMP), respectively. 24 patients underwent emergency surgery, 6 (25 %) had a documented pregnancy status prior to surgery. Of 50 patients reviewed in stage 2, 37 (75.0 %) had a documented pregnancy status (p < 0.001), with 41 (82 %) having both gynaecological history (p < 0.0001) and contraceptive use (p < 0.0001) documented. 40 patients (80 % had a documented LMP (p < 0.0001). 7 patients required surgery, of whom 6 (85.7 %) had a documented pregnancy test prior to surgery (p = 0.001). All pregnancy tests were negative.ConclusionsA simple prompt in the surgical admission document has significantly improved the documentation of pregnancy status and gynaecological history in our female patients, particularly in those who require surgical intervention. A number of patient safety concerns were addressed locally, but require a coordinated, interdisciplinary discussion and a national guideline. A minimum standard of care, in females of reproductive age, should include mandatory objective documentation of pregnancy status, whether or not they require surgical intervention.
The impact of Sleep Time‐Related Information and Communication Technology (STRICT) on sleep patterns and daytime functioning in American adolescents
Authors: Polos Peter G. , Bhat Sushanth , Gupta Divya , O'Malley Richard J. , DeBari Vincent A. , Upadhyay Hinesh , Chaudhry Saqib , Nimma Anitha , Pinto‐Zipp Genevieve , Chokroverty Sudhansu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study explored the extent and impact of mobile device‐based Sleep Time‐Related Information and Communication Technology (STRICT) use among American adolescents (N = 3139, 49.3% female, mean age = 13.3 years). Nearly 62% used STRICT after bedtime, 56.7% texted/tweeted/messaged in bed, and 20.8% awoke to texts. STRICT use was associated with insomnia, daytime sleepiness, eveningness, academic underperformance, later bedtimes and shorter sleep duration. Moderation analysis demonstrated that the association between STRICT use and insomnia increased with age, the association between STRICT use and daytime sleepiness decreased with age, and the association between STRICT use and shorter sleep duration decreased with age and was stronger in girls. Insomnia and daytime sleepiness partially mediated the relationship between STRICT use and academic underperformance. Our results illustrate the adverse interactions between adolescent STRICT use and sleep, with deleterious effects on daytime functioning. These worrisome findings suggest that placing reasonable limitations on adolescent STRICT use may be appropriate.
Risk group characteristics and viral transmission clusters in South‐East Asian patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) circulating recombinant form (CRF) 01_AE and subtype B
Authors: Oyomopito Rebecca A. , Chen Yen‐Ju , Sungkanuparph Somnuek , Kantor Rami , Merati Tuti , Yam Wing‐Cheong , Sirisanthana Thira , Li Patrick C.K. , Kantipong Pacharee , Phanuphak Praphan , Lee Chris K.C. , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Ditangco Rossana , Huang Szu‐Wei , Sohn Annette H. , Law Matthew , Chen Yi Ming A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 epidemics in Asian countries are driven by varying exposures. The epidemiology of the regional pandemic has been changing with the spread of HIV‐1 to lower‐risk populations through sexual transmission. Common HIV‐1 genotypes include subtype B and circulating recombinant form (CRF) 01_AE. Our objective was to use HIV‐1 genotypic data to better quantify local epidemics. TASER‐M is a multicenter prospective cohort of HIV‐infected patients. Associations between HIV exposure, patient sex, country of sample origin and HIV‐1 genotype were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. Phylogenetic methods were used on genotypic data to investigate transmission relationships. A total of 1086 patients from Thailand, Hong Kong, Malaysia and the Philippines were included in analyses. Proportions of male patients within countries varied (Thailand: 55.6%, Hong Kong: 86.1%, Malaysia: 81.4%, Philippines: 93.8%; p < 0.001) as did HIV exposures (heterosexual contact: Thailand: 85.7%, Hong Kong, 46.2%, Malaysia: 47.8%, Philippines: 25.0%; p < 0.001). After adjustment, we found increased subtype B infection among men who have sex with men, relative to heterosexual‐reported exposures (odds ratio = 2.4, p < 0.001). We further describe four transmission clusters of eight to 15 treatment naïve, predominantly symptomatic patients (two each for subtype B and CRF01_AE). Risk‐group subpopulations differed with respect to the infecting HIV‐1 genotype. Homosexual exposure patients had higher odds of being infected with subtype B. Where HIV‐1 genotypes circulate within countries or patient risk‐groups, local monitoring of genotype‐specific transmissions may play a role in focusing public health prevention strategies. Phylogenetic evaluations provide complementary information for surveillance and monitoring of viruses with high mutation rates such as HIV‐1 and Ebola.
Transport equation and evaluating formation parameters based on gamma-gamma log data
Authors: Khisamutdinov A.I. , Pakhotina Yu.A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Computer inversion of measurement data based on the equation of particle transport is a topical component of the modern nuclear-geophysical technologies. In this work we have elaborated an approach and iterative methods for this inversion according to the gamma-gamma method data. In the framework of the “successive approximations according to characteristic interactions” approach, characteristic interactions have been established and iterative methods for the solution of two problems have been developed, namely, the problem of evaluation of the formation density and the problem of evaluation of two parameters—the formation density and the mud cake thickness. The numerical experiments confirm the theoretical concepts on the properties of iterative processes and convergence of methods.
Can a Darwinian nomenclature help reconcile alternative perspectives of the dynamic capabilities view?
Authors: Galvin Peter , Rice John , Liao Tung-Shan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe confusion concerning the theoretical roots of the dynamic capabilities view and the fact that it was often being positioned as an extension to the resource-based view in strategic management, prompted a paper by Galvin, Rice, and Liao (2014) that suggested that the dynamic capabilities view would benefit from adopting a more explicit Darwinian approach. In response to this paper, Arndt and Bach (2015) highlighted that the seminal papers in the field do indeed take an evolutionary perspective and that in operationalizing the variation–selection–retention cycle in an empirical setting it is necessary to move away from firm performance as a dependent variable and instead use survival, which more closely aligns with the concept of natural selection. In this paper, we respond to this recent critique to articulate the benefits of a Darwinian nomenclature and how this will assist in positioning the dynamic capabilities view as an independent, though complementary, theory to the resource-based view. However, we do clearly recognize that until the key terms of variation, selection and retention can be operationalized at the routine, firm and industry level, such an approach may not in itself bring the field towards a common understanding of how dynamic capabilities operate in different environments.
THE AVAILABILITY OF PROPRIETARY RESTITUTION IN CASES OF MISTAKEN PAYMENTS
Authors: Salmons David 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article is concerned with the availability of “proprietary restitution” in cases of mistaken payments. It is argued that the mistake of the claimant is an insufficient justification for proprietary restitution, but a close analysis of the case law demonstrates that the presence of additional factors can justify the availability of proprietary restitution in specific circumstances. The basis of proprietary restitution is to be found in the breach of a duty which arises separately from the claim for unjust enrichment. The significant contribution of this article is the analysis that knowledge merely creates a duty to maintain the fund until restitution is made, and that knowledge cannot establish the breach of this duty. Importantly, breach of this duty is established by a second condition which is demonstrated by the wilful misconduct of the recipient. It is this conduct which justifies the imposition of the constructive trust. By adopting this analysis, the proprietary claim in the context of mistaken transfers can be classified as forming part of the law of wrongs, rather than the law of unjust enrichment.
Differential immune responses in mice infected with the tissue-dwelling nematode Trichinella zimbabwensis
Authors: Onkoba W.N. , Chimbari M.J. , Kamau J.M. , Mukaratirwa S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTo improve diagnostic tools, immunotherapies and vaccine development for trichinellosis surveillance and control there is a need to understand the host immune responses induced during infection with Trichinella zimbabwensis, a tissue-dwelling nematode. In this study, we sought to determine immune responses induced in mice during T. zimbabwensis infection. The parasite strain used (Code ISS1209) was derived from a naturally infected crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) and is the main Trichinella species prevalent in southern Africa. Sixty 6- to 8-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to two equal groups: T. zimbabwensis-infected (n= 30) and the non-infected control group (n= 30). Levels of serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-4 (IL-4) as well as parasite-specific IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 antibody responses were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cytokines and antibodies provided information on T-helper 1 (Th1)- and Th2-type, T-regulatory and antibody responses. Results showed that during the intestinal stage of infection, higher levels of parasite-specific IgM, IgG, IgG1 (P < 0.05) and IL-10 and TNF-α (P < 0.001) were observed in the Trichinella-infected group compared with the non-infected control group. In the parasite establishment and tissue migration phases, levels of IgG1 and IgG3 were elevated (P < 0.001), while those of IgM (P < 0.01) declined on days 21 and 35 post infection (pi) compared to the enteric phase. Our findings show that distinct differences in Th1- and Th2-type and T-regulatory responses are induced during the intestinal, tissue migration and larval establishment stages of T. zimbabwensis infection.
Motivation and challenge to capture both large-scale and local transport in next generation accretion theory
Authors: Blackman Eric G. , Nauman Farrukh 
Published: August 2015

Accretion disc theory is less developed than stellar evolution theory although a similarly mature phenomenological picture is ultimately desired. While the interplay of theory and numerical simulations has amplified community awareness of the role of magnetic fields in angular momentum transport, there remains a long term challenge to incorporate the insights gained from simulations into improving practical models for comparison with observations. What has been learned from simulations that can lead to improvements beyond SS73 in practical models? Here, we emphasize the need to incorporate the role of non-local transport more precisely. To show where large-scale transport would fit into the theoretical framework and how it is currently missing, we review why the wonderfully practical approach of Shakura & Sunyaev (Astron. Astrophys., vol. 24, 1973, pp. 337–355, SS73) is necessarily a mean field theory, and one which does not include large-scale transport. Observations of coronae and jets, combined with the interpretation of results from shearing box simulations, of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) suggest that a significant fraction of disc transport is indeed non-local. We show that the Maxwell stresses in saturation are dominated by large-scale contributions and that the physics of MRI transport is not fully captured by a viscosity. We also clarify the standard physical interpretation of the MRI as it applies to shearing boxes. Computational limitations have so far focused most attention toward local simulations, but the next generation of global simulations should help to inform improved mean field theories. Mean field accretion theory and mean field dynamo theory should in fact be unified into a single theory that predicts the time evolution of spectra and luminosity from separate disc, corona and outflow contributions. Finally, we note that any mean field theory, including that of SS73, has a finite predictive precision that needs to be quantified when comparing the predictions to observations.
Exit, voice and indifference – older people as consumers of Swedish home care services
Authors: VAMSTAD JOHAN 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTSweden has in the last 20 years undergone an extensive process of marketisation of its home care sector. Where the public sector once was the only provider of home care services, there is now a wide array of different, private alternatives for older people to choose from, using their publicly funded voucher. The publicly funded home care services in Sweden are, in other words, to a large extent organised according to the principles of a quasi-market. Older people with care needs are therefore now considered to be consumers of home care since they are expected to make an informed choice of home care provider according to their own preferences. This paper studies the extent to which older people with care needs assume this role and how they do it, using Hirschman's well-known theory on ‘exit, voice and loyalty’ and theory on the difference between care and market logic. The study is based on results from a research project using telephone interviews to ask a large number of older people in three Swedish cities about their experience of making this choice. The results show that they had difficulty understanding how to choose and what the purpose of the choice was. The conclusion of this study suggests some possible reasons why policy makers in Sweden continue to favour the freedom-of-choice model in spite of these poor results.
‘Better housing conditions are of vital importance to the ordinary man’: slum clearance in post-war Khartoum
Authors: CURLESS GARETH 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT:As the population of Khartoum increased during the 1940s, the Sudan government sought to demolish the Deims that surrounded the southern edge of the city and relocate the residents to a new planned site. Here, it was envisaged that improved housing would help to create ‘modern’, model families. However, like many of the post-war housing projects in British Africa, the resettlement of the Deims was undermined by poor planning, inadequate financial support and resistance from residents, who rejected the colonial planners’ vision of how domestic life should be organized.
Regional and global forcing of glacier retreat during the last deglaciation
Authors: Shakun Jeremy D. , Clark Peter U. , He Feng , Lifton Nathaniel A. , Liu Zhengyu , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe ongoing retreat of glaciers globally is one of the clearest manifestations of recent global warming associated with rising greenhouse gas concentrations. By comparison, the importance of greenhouse gases in driving glacier retreat during the most recent deglaciation, the last major interval of global warming, is unclear due to uncertainties in the timing of retreat around the world. Here we use recently improved cosmogenic-nuclide production-rate calibrations to recalculate the ages of 1,116 glacial boulders from 195 moraines that provide broad coverage of retreat in mid-to-low-latitude regions. This revised history, in conjunction with transient climate model simulations, suggests that while several regional-scale forcings, including insolation, ice sheets and ocean circulation, modulated glacier responses regionally, they are unable to account for global-scale retreat, which is most likely related to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations.
Distinct partitioning of ALS associated TDP-43, FUS and SOD1 mutants into cellular inclusions
Authors: Farrawell Natalie E. , Lambert-Smith Isabella A. , Warraich Sadaf T. , Blair Ian P. , Saunders Darren N. , Hatters Danny M. , Yerbury Justin J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease associated with protein misfolding and aggregation. Most cases are characterized by TDP-43 positive inclusions, while a minority of familial ALS cases are instead FUS and SOD1 positive respectively. Cells can generate inclusions of variable type including previously characterized aggresomes, IPOD or JUNQ structures depending on the misfolded protein. SOD1 invariably forms JUNQ inclusions but it remains unclear whether other ALS protein aggregates arise as one of these previously described inclusion types or form unique structures. Here we show that FUS variably partitioned to IPOD, JUNQ or alternate structures, contain a mobile fraction, were not microtubule dependent and initially did not contain ubiquitin. TDP-43 inclusions formed in a microtubule independent manner, did not contain a mobile fraction but variably colocalized to JUNQ inclusions and another alternate structure. We conclude that the RNA binding proteins TDP-43 and FUS do not consistently fit the currently characterised inclusion models suggesting that cells have a larger repertoire for generating inclusions than currently thought and imply that toxicity in ALS does not stem from a particular aggregation process or aggregate structure.
AAC Considerations for Individuals With Angelman Syndrome
Authors: Calculator Stephen N. 
Published: August 2015

PurposeTo provide an overview of communication characteristics exhibited by individuals with Angelman Syndrome (AS) and special considerations associated with the design and implementation of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) programs.MethodResults of recent studies exploring individuals' uses of AAC are reviewed, with particular emphasis on factors related to individuals' acceptance and successful uses of AAC systems.ResultsNot applicableConclusionDespite their inconsistent access to practices previously found to foster individuals' acceptance of AAC systems, individuals with AS demonstrate the ability to use AAC systems, including high-tech AAC devices, successfully.
Charging method of micro heat pipe for high‐power light‐emitting diode
Authors: Li Congming , Luo Yi , Zhou Chuanpeng , Shan Qing , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: August 2015

Since high precision of working fluid charging is key to the evaluation of thermal performance, a novel perfusion method of a micro heat pipe (MHP) is presented. The MHP has a length of 26 mm, width of 20 mm and a thickness of ∼2.2 mm. The predetermined quantity of perfusion is 25 or 35 μl. Small volume and large capillary force render conventional vacuum perfusion methods quite impractical. To realise microscale and high precision of perfusion, the method of combining vacuum perfusion using a peristaltic pump and weight comparison before and after working fluid charging was used. The charging deviation of the method was <2 μl. After perfusion and sealing, the thermal performance testing of a MHP, which is engineered in light‐emitting diode (LED) heat dissipation, was conducted and the input power varied from 1 to 7 W. The results show that high‐power LEDs can reach the status of heat balance and can work steadily, and the maximum deviations of actual and simulated temperatures are 4.5 and 5.1°C, respectively, and the relative errors are 6.1 and 7.3%. Therefore, this perfusion method can be used for the working fluid perfusion of the MHP and makes it feasible for use in packaging manufacture of heat pipes.