bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of physician‐based cognitive behavioural therapy among pregnant women with depressive symptomatology: a pilot quasi‐experimental trial
Authors: McGregor Marla , Coghlan Michelle , Dennis Cindy‐Lee 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this pilot study is to evaluate the feasibility of a physician‐based cognitive behavioural (CBT) intervention for the treatment of depressive symptomatology among pregnant women.MethodsA pilot quasi‐experimental trial was conducted in a family practice health centre in Toronto, Canada. Pregnant women (n = 42) were identified as having depressive symptomatology according to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and allocated to either a control group (standard prenatal) or an intervention group. The intervention group received standard prenatal plus brief CBT, initiated between the 20th and 28th gestation week prenatal visit, from their obstetrical physician. Follow‐up assessments were conducted at 38 weeks gestation and 6 weeks post‐partum to examine depressive symptomatology, anxiety symptomatology, health‐care utilization, medication utilization and overall treatment satisfaction.ResultsThe delivery of the CBT intervention was feasible, acceptable and produced relatively high rates of treatment adherence. Of the 21 women in the intervention group who evaluated their CBT experience, 90% were satisfied. Although not sufficiently powered to detect differences between the study groups, trends in the clinical outcome data favoured the intervention group where mean depression and anxiety scores were lower for those who received the brief CBT intervention than those in the control group.ConclusionResults suggest that brief physician‐based CBT may be a feasible antenatal depression treatment option. The high satisfaction with, and acceptance of, the intervention by study participants and physicians suggests that a larger randomized trial is warranted.
Effects of fungicide treatments of potato sprouts on assessment of resistance toSynchytrium endobioticum(Schilb.)Perc. using theGlynne–Lemmerzahl method
Authors: Przetakiewicz J. 
Published: July 2013

Five different active fungicides (pencycuron, mancozeb, copper oxychloride, azoxystrobin, and a mixture of carboxine and thiuram) were compared to protect potato sprouts from rotting when they are being tested using the Glynne–Lemmerzahl method. Sprouts were treated before or after inoculation with fresh warts ofSynchytrium endobioticum. No symptoms of potato wart disease were observed on sprouts treated before inoculation. For sprouts treated after inoculation, symptoms of potato wart disease were recorded with all tested fungicides except azoxystrobin. In the case of pencycuron, symptoms were observed only when the concentration of fungicide was decreased to 20 mL L−1. Among the active substances tested, the best results were obtained for copper oxychloride after inoculation using doses recommended by manufacturers.
In vitroanalysis of equine, bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells demonstrates differences within age‐ and gender‐matched horses
Authors: Carter‐Arnold J. L. , Neilsen N. L. , Amelse L. L. , Odoi A. , Dhar M. S. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryReasons for performing the studyStem cell therapies are used routinely in equine practice. Most published reports characterise stem cells derived from younger horses; however, middle‐aged horses are often in athletic performance, and experience degenerative medical conditions. Thus, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from this group should be investigated.ObjectiveTo describe differences inin vitroadherence, proliferation and potential for differentiation of equine bone marrow‐derivedMSCs(equineBMMSCs) harvested from middle‐aged (10–13 years old) female donors.Study designDescriptive study of stem cell characteristics.MethodsEquineBMMSCsfrom 6 horses were culturedin vitroand evaluated for viability, proliferation, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, adipogenesis, cluster‐of‐differentiation markers and gene expression.ResultsEquineBMMSCsfrom all 6 donors demonstrated fibroblastic, cellular morphology, adherence to plastic and expression of cluster‐of‐differentiation markers. They varied in their rate of proliferation and trilineage differentiation. The equineBMMSCsof one of 6 donors demonstrated a higher rate of proliferation, enhanced ability for cell passaging and a more robustin vitrodifferentiation. Comparatively, equineBMMSCsfrom 2 donors demonstrated a lower rate of proliferation and lack of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation.ConclusionThe results of this study confirm that donor‐to‐donor variation in equineBMMSCsexists and this variation can be documented usingin vitroassays. Subjective assessment suggests that the rate of proliferation tends to correlate with differentiation potential.
Linking cod (Gadus morhua) and climate: investigating variability in Irish Sea cod recruitment
Authors: Beggs Steven E. , Cardinale Massimiliano , Gowen Richard J. , Bartolino Valerio 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHow climatic variability and anthropogenic pressures interact to influence recruitment is a key factor in achieving sustainable resource management. However, the combined effects of these pressures can make it difficult to detect non‐stationary interactions or shifts in the relationships with recruitment. Here we examine the links between climate and Irish Sea cod recruitment during a period of declining spawning stock biomass (SSB). Specifically, we test for a shift in the relationship between recruitment, SSB and climate by comparing an additive (generalized additive model, GAM) and non‐additive threshold model (TGAM). The relationship between recruitment success, SSB and the climatic driver, sea surface temperature, was best described by the TGAM, with a threshold identified between recruitment and SSB at approximately 7900 t. The analysis suggests a threshold shift in the relationship between recruitment and SSB in Irish Sea cod, with cod recruitment being more sensitive to climatic variability during the recent low SSB regime.
Designing first‐in‐human dose of coagulation factors: application of pharmacokinetic allometric scaling
Authors: Mahmood I. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the predictive performance of pharmacokinetic interspecies scaling of coagulation factors to predict clearance (CL) and (ii) project first‐in‐human dose based on the predicted human CL. Human CL of nine coagulation factors was predicted using two or three animal species using two methods: (i) CL vs. body weight (simple allometry) and where applicable (ii) the product of CL and brain weight vs. body weight. Based on the predicted human CL, four methods were used to project the first‐in‐human dose. The predicted pharmacokinetic parameters and the estimated first‐in‐human dose of coagulation factors were compared with the observed human values obtained from clinical trials. The results of the study indicated that the CL of coagulation factors can be predicted with reasonable accuracy in humans and a good estimate of first‐in‐human dose can be obtained from the predicted human CL. The suggested methods in this study are not only time and cost‐effective but also provide rational alternatives to the somewhat arbitrary dose selection process for coagulation factors often used.
Negative pressure wound therapy as an adjunct in healing of chronic wounds
Authors: Langer Vijay , Bhandari Prem S , Rajagopalan Satyamoorthy , Mukherjee Mrinal K 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNegative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has emerged as a cutting‐edge technology and provides an alternative solution to the problem of wounds. This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of this technique in the treatment of chronic wounds. A prospective clinical study was used to evaluate our experience in use of NPWT in the healing of pressure ulcers and chronic wounds over 2 years. The primary end point of the study group was the time taken for appearance of healthy granulation tissue and full reepithelialisation without drainage. All patients with sepsis were excluded from the study. The statistical analysis of the data was carried out. Of the 60 patients studied, 41 had associated comorbidities including diabetes mellitus. The commonest site of occurrence was the lower limb. Coverage in the form of a flap was required at presentation in 63·33% of patients. However, after initiation of NPWT, none of them required the procedure and they healed spontaneously either by secondary intention or by skin grafting. The time taken for appearance of healthy granulation tissue was 14·36 ± 4·24 days. Complete healing of wounds occurred by 33·1 ± 10·22 days. There was a statistically significant difference in the volume of the wounds before and after the intervention (P = 0·000). Complications resulting from NPWT were minimal. This technique is an excellent adjunct to surgical debridement.
Adult patients with schizophrenia using violence towards their parents: a phenomenological study of views and experiences of violence in parent–child dyads
Authors: Hsu Mei‐Chi , Tu Chun‐Hsien 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimsTo describe the lived experiences of aggression and violence among patients with schizophrenia and their victimized biological parent as the major caregiver being aggressed by their child (parent–adult–child dyads), and to gain an understanding of the precipitating factors influencing violence.BackgroundChild‐to‐parent violence, particularly in the mentally ill adult child, is arguably the most stressful and under‐researched issue of family violence. Violence in patients with mental illness is most frequently targeted at family members, and most often takes place at home. Both patients and their parents' experiences of violence are relatively unexplored.DesignQualitative study design.MethodsData were collected using individual in‐depth interviews between August 2010–August 2011 in Taiwan. Purposive sample of 14 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia who had aggression and violence in the past year directed towards their biological parent of either gender.FindingsFive main themes were identified: violence occurring beyond control in a particular situation translated into parent and patient's possible endangerment, the repetitive nature of violence, distress, ineffective communication, and management of violence and help‐seeking. Repetitive violent episodes and tension made both the parent and patient feel uncontrollable. Parents had a perceived fear of adverse consequences such as being punished by receiving more retribution and they also had concerns related to their parental responsibility.ConclusionsHealth professionals should be aware of the complexity of phenomena and the interplay of factors inducing violence. A comprehensive dyadic parent–child intervention is suggested for violence prevention.
Nebivolol Monotherapy in Younger Adults (Younger Than 55 Years) With Hypertension: A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Giles Thomas D. , Khan Bobby V. , Lato June , Brener Lillian , Ma Yimin , Lukic Tatjana 
Published: July 2013

Nebivolol, a vasodilatory β1‐blocker, may be well suited for the hemodynamics of the younger hypertensive patient. In this 8‐week trial, 18‐ to 54‐year‐olds with a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 95 mm Hg to 109 mm Hg who completed a 4‐week placebo‐only phase were randomized to receive nebivolol (5 mg/d, titrated to 10–20 mg/d based on achievement of blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg [n=427]) or placebo (n=214). Primary and secondary efficacy parameters were changes in trough seated DBP and systolic blood pressure (SBP), respectively. Safety parameters included adverse events (AEs). The baseline mean age was 45.3 years; SBP/DBP, 154/100 mm Hg; and heart rate, 78 beats per minute. Completion rates were 91.3% (nebivolol) and 88.3% (placebo). At endpoint, there was a significant effect of nebivolol over placebo for DBP (−11.8 mm Hg vs −5.5 mm Hg, P<.001) and SBP (−13.7 mm Hg vs −5.5 mm Hg, P<.001). Total AE rates were 34.7% (nebivolol) and 32.2% (placebo). Nebivolol monotherapy is efficacious and well tolerated in adults younger than 55 years of age with increased DBP.
Can natural selection favour altruism between species?
Authors: Wyatt G. A. K. , West S. A. , Gardner A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDarwin suggested that the discovery of altruism between species would annihilate his theory of natural selection. However, it has not been formally shown whether between‐species altruism can evolve by natural selection, or why this could never happen. Here, we develop a spatial population genetic model of two interacting species, showing that indiscriminate between species helping can be favoured by natural selection. We then ask if this helping behaviour constitutes altruism between species, using a linear‐regression analysis to separate the total action of natural selection into its direct and indirect (kin selected) components. We show that our model can be interpreted in two ways, as either altruism within species, or altruism between species. This ambiguity arises depending on whether or not we treat genes in the other species as predictors of an individual's fitness, which is equivalent to treating these individuals as agents (actors or recipients). Our formal analysis, which focuses upon evolutionary dynamics rather than agents and their agendas, cannot resolve which is the better approach. Nonetheless, because a within‐species altruism interpretation is always possible, our analysis supports Darwin's suggestion that natural selection does not favour traits that provide benefits exclusively to individuals of other species.
Natural enemies and environmental factors affecting the population dynamics of the gypsy moth
Authors: Alalouni U. , Schädler M. , Brandl R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe population densities of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar; Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) may reach outbreak levels that pose considerable economic and environmental impacts to forests inEurope,Asia,Africa andNorth America. Compared with the situation in its native European range feeding damage by gypsy moth is often found to be more severe inNorth America and other parts of the world. Thus, the release from natural enemies can be interpreted as an important cause for high feeding damages. Natural enemies, especially parasitoids, can cause delayed density‐dependent mortality, which may be responsible for population cycles. InNorth America where only few parasitoids have been introduced and the parasitism rates are considerably lower than in Europe, generalist predators play a larger role than inEurope. Many other factors seem to influence the population dynamics of the gypsy moth such as the host plants and weather. Nevertheless, much of the variability in population densities of the gypsy moth may be attributed to interacting effects of weather conditions and attack by natural enemies. In spite of the considerable number of studies on the ecology and population dynamics of the gypsy moth and the impact of their natural enemies, more quantitative information is required to predict the population dynamics of this pest species and to control its economic and ecologic impact.
Vitamin D in liver diseases: From mechanisms to clinical trials
Authors: Han Yuan‐Ping , Kong Ming , Zheng Sujun , Ren Yan , Zhu Longdon , Shi Hongbo , Duan Zhongping 
Published: July 2013

AbstractgraphicTraditionally regarded as a typical vitamin regulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, vitamin D is now discovered as a highly versatile molecule with emerging roles in immunity, cancer, infectious diseases, fibrosis, fatty liver diseases, and alcoholic liver diseases. A large body of clinical evidence has demonstrated the prevalence and risks of vitamin D deficiency in various chronic diseases. Biologically active vitamin D, 1,25‐dihydroxylvitamin D3, is synthesized in two distinct systems. In addition to the classic two‐step hydroxylation in the liver and kidneys, 1,25‐dihydroxylvitamin D3 can also be produced locally by immune cells in response to infection. The bioactive vitamin D generated in these two pools apparently functions differently: while the former facilitates calcium adsorption and homeostasis, the latter confers immune regulation. The immune regulatory functions of vitamin D are demonstrated by induction of antimicrobial peptides, suppression of innate immune response, induction of Th2 cytokines, and stimulation of T‐regulatory T cells. Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is overwhelmingly associated with viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and fatty liver diseases. Recent clinical trials have shown that vitamin D supplements significantly enhance the efficacy of interferon plus ribavirin therapy through sustained virological response. A recent study showed that 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D rather than 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D could directly suppress hepatitis C virus assembly. Moreover, clinical evidence has shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with alcoholic and non‐alcoholic fatty liver diseases. In this review, we highlight some recent advances in vitamin D researches and clinical trails.
Differences in innate immune signaling between alcoholic and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Petrasek Jan , Csak Timea , Ganz Michal , Szabo Gyongyi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractgraphicThe similar histopathological characteristics of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and the crucial role of the innate immune response in both conditions may lead to the assumption that ASH and NASH represent the same pathophysiological entities caused by different risk factors. In this review paper, we elaborate on the pathophysiological differences between these two entities and highlight the disease‐specific involvement of signaling molecules downstream of the Toll‐like receptor 4, and the differential mechanism by which the inflammasome contributes to ASH versus NASH. Our findings emphasize that ASH and NASH have disease‐specific mechanisms and therefore represent distinct biological entities. Further studies are needed to dissect the emerging differences in pathogenesis of these two conditions.
Hepatic stellate cells, liver innate immunity, and hepatitis C virus
Authors: Wang Yizhong , Li Jieliang , Wang Xu , Sang Min , Ho Wenzhe 
Published: July 2013

AbstractgraphicChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can cause liver damage, ranging from mild to more severe conditions, such as fibrosis and cirrhosis. Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is a key event in HCV‐induced liver fibrosis. HSCs express several HCV coreceptors that interact with HCV proteins, promoting liver fibrogenesis. In addition, HSCs have the ability to engulf apoptotic bodies of hepatocytes induced by HCV and trigger a profibrogenic response. Recent studies have suggested that HSCs may play a novel role in the liver innate immunity. HSCs enhanced differentiation and accumulation of regulatory T cells. HSCs‐activated natural killer cells could produce γ‐interferon that inhibits HCV replication. Importantly, HSCs possess functional Toll‐like receptor‐3 and retinoic acid‐inducible gene I that can be activated by their ligands (poly I : C, 5'ppp‐dsRNA), leading to the induction of interferon and inhibition of HCV replication in hepatocytes. These new observations highlight the importance of HSCs in liver immunity against HCV, which is the focus of this review paper.
Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis: Pathogenesis and novel therapeutic approaches
Authors: Schuppan Detlef , Schattenberg Jörn M 
Published: July 2013

AbstractgraphicgraphicNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a disease spectrum, ranging from mere hepatic steatosis to hepatic necroinflammation (NASH, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis). NASH often leads to fibrosis, which can progress to cirrhosis with a high risk of liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. The course of NAFLD is highly variable, and only a minority of patients (2–3%) progress to end‐stage liver disease. However, due to a dramatic increase of the risk factors for NAFLD, that is obesity and insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, that affect 15–30% and 7–15% of subjects, in most industrialized countries, respectively, NAFLD has become the most frequent liver disease and is even considered a pace setter of the metabolic syndrome. Sedentary lifestyle, modern Western nutrition, and genetic predispositions have been identified as major causes of NAFLD. These lead to liver injury via insulin resistance and an excess of free fatty acids in hepatocytes, resulting in oxidant stress and lipotoxicity that promote the activation of intracellular stress kinases and apoptosis or necroapoptosis (NASH). The damaged hepatocytes directly trigger inflammation and fibrogenesis, but can also lead to the emergence of fibrogenic progenitor cells. Moreover, NASH is linked to inflammation in peripheral adipose tissues that involves mainly macrophages and humoral factors, such as adipokines and cytokines. The most efficient treatment is by weight loss and exercise, but (adjunctive) pharmacological strategies are urgently needed. Here, we highlight the aspects of NAFLD epidemiology and pathophysiology that are beginning to lead to novel pharmacological approaches to address this growing health‐care challenge.
Primary Burkitts's lymphoma of endometrium and bilateral ovaries in a 6‐year‐old female: Report of a rare entity and review of the published work
Authors: Khan Wasif Ali Z. A. , Deshpande Kalpana A. , Kurdukar Madhumita , Patil Purwa , Mahure Harshal , Pawar Veena 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe report a case of a 6‐year‐old girl with primary Burkitts's lymphoma (BL) of endometrium and bilateral ovaries of 1‐month duration. To the best of our knowledge, few cases of childhood primary BL of bilateral ovaries have been reported worldwide. However, extensive search of the published work did not reveal any case of primary BL of endometrium and both ovaries. Although rare, BL is a potentially curable malignancy with good prognosis.
Monoarticular carcinomatous knee joint arthritis as an initial presentation of cervical carcinoma
Authors: Jain Avani S. , Pawaskar Alok Suresh , Srivastava Madhur Kumar , Elangovan Indirani M. , Shelley Simon 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWhen it comes to cancer, one can expect the unexpected. The clinical presentations can be very bizarre. One of these uncommon presentations is monoarticular arthritis. The age group affected by cancer and arthritis are similar. However, the possibility of joint pain being secondary to metastatic involvement does not come to mind easily. In this report, a 65‐year‐old postmenopausal woman presented with complaint of pain and restricted movement of the right knee joint, in whom the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features were suggestive of infective monoarthritis. However, synovial fluid aspirate showed presence of malignant cells. Hence, patient was evaluated with whole‐body 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography which detected primary malignancy of the cervix with regional nodal and right knee joint metastasis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of cervical malignancy with solitary skeletal metastasis involving the knee joint. The report also discusses overall incidence of malignant arthritis.