bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical presentation and management of enterovirus and parechovirus infection in children: A single‐centre study in regional Australia
Authors: Sorubarajan Tharmarajah , Sorubarajan Sivapriyan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to analyse the clinical presentation caused by enterovirus (EV) and/or human parechovirus (HPeV) infection in children, as well as the management of such cases admitted to a regional hospital in Australia.MethodsRetrospective study reviewing medical records.SettingSingle hospital in regional Australia.ParticipantsAll children under 18 years admitted over the 5‐year period beginning from 1 January 2017 with confirmed EV and/or HPeV infection. Cases with clinically insignificant EV/HPeV isolation were excluded.Main Outcome MeasuresData collected included demographic data, signs and symptoms present, specimens of EV/HPeV isolation, co‐occurring pathogens, peak C‐reactive protein (CRP), antibiotic therapy, discharge diagnosis and follow‐up after discharge.ResultsOverall, 27 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria; 81.5% of the patients were ≤3 months of age with a median of 2 months (interquartile range 1–3); 74.1% were males. The most common clinical features were a fever ≥38°C and irritability/lethargy/high‐pitched cry. 29.6% of the patients had co‐occurring pathogens detected, and a CRP ≤10 mg/L was observed in 77.8% of cases. All but two children were treated with antibiotics while awaiting polymerase chain reaction results. The most common discharge diagnosis was meningitis. In all, 74.1% of the children attended follow‐up appointments.ConclusionsEV and HPeV should be considered as a possible aetiology of fever and irritability/lethargy/high‐pitched cry in children under 3 months.
Citizenship, agency, and the problem of sovereignty
Authors: Bryant Rebecca 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis commentary asks what would change about the analyses inAE’s “Citizenship, Solidarity, and Nonbelonging” forum if the state were not assumed as the background. Using research on unrecognized states and their citizens, the commentary urges a return to the problem of sovereignty that takes seriously the desires that sovereignty evokes. Doing so, it argues, can help us understand the shape that political belonging might take beyond the nation‐state.
Spaces and challenges of citizenship
Authors: Castañeda Heide 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis commentary engages the articles in the “Citizenship, Solidarity, and Nonbelonging” forum by discussing three points: citizen participation in and challenges to bureaucratic practices; the spatialities of citizenship and belonging; and the potentials for co‐optation of civic mobilization vis‐à‐vis the privatization of state responsibilities. It concludes that citizen mobilizations can effectively structure the terms of the debate and create new forms of belonging in the wake of inherited injustices.
Auricular cartilage regeneration using chondroitin sulfate‐based hydrogel with mesenchymal stem cells in rabbits
Authors: Janipour Masoud , Soltaniesmaeili Amir , Owji Seyed Hossein , Shahhossein Zahra , Hashemi Seyedeh‐Sara 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCartilage is an avascular and alymphatic tissue that lacks the intrinsic ability to undergo spontaneous repair and regeneration in the event of significant injury. The efficacy of conventional therapies for invasive cartilage injuries is limited, thereby prompting the emergence of cartilage tissue engineering as a possible alternative. In this study, we fabricated three‐dimensional hydrogel films utilizing sodium alginate (SA), gelatin (Gel), and chondroitin sulfate (CS). These films were included with Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ‐MSCs) and intended for cartilage tissue regeneration.MethodsThe hydrogel film that were prepared underwent evaluation using various techniques including scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, assessment of the degree of swelling, degradation analysis, determination of water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), measurement of water contact angle (WCA), evaluation of mechanical strength, and assessment of biocompatibility. The rabbit ear cartilage regeneration by hydrogel films with and without of WJ‐MSCs was studied by histopathological investigations during 15, 30, and 60 days.ResultsThe hydrogel films containing CS exhibited superior metrics compared to other nanocomposites such as better mechanical strength (12.87 MPa in SA/Gel compared to 15.56 in SA/Gel/CS), stability, hydrophilicity, WVTR (3103.33 g/m2/day in SA/Gel compared to 2646.67 in nanocomposites containing CS), and swelling ratio (6.97 to 12.11% in SA/Gel composite compared to 5.03 to 10.90% in SA/Gel/CS). Histopathological studies showed the presence of chondrocyte cells in the lacunae on the 30th day and the complete restoration of the cartilage tissue on the 60th day following the injury in the group of SA/Gel/CS hydrogel containing WJ‐MSCs.ConclusionsWe successfully fabricated a scaffold composed of alginate, gelatin, and chondroitin sulfate. This scaffold was further enhanced by the incorporation of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells. Our findings demonstrate that this composite scaffold has remarkable biocompatibility and mechanical characteristics. The present study successfully demonstrated the therapeutic potential of the SA‐Gel‐CS hydrogel containing WJ‐MSCs for cartilage regeneration in rabbits.
Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) oil as feed additive on broiler performance, carcass, liver and kidney functions, antioxidant, lipid profile, and immunity
Authors: Alagawany Mahmoud , Elewa Mohamed S. , Abou‐Kassem Diaa E. , Ismail Tamer Ahmed , Salah Ayman S. , Madkour Mahmoud , Di Cerbo Alessandro , Zizzadoro Claudia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe current study evaluated the effects of parsley essential oil on broiler growth performance, carcass features, liver and kidney functions, immunity and antioxidant activity, and lipid profile. A total of 160 unsexed 7‐day broiler chicks (Cobb500) were distributed into five groups; each group contained five replicates with eight birds each. The treatments were (1) basal diet (no additive, T1), (2) basal diet + 0.5 mL parsley essential oil/kg (T2), (3) basal diet + 1 mL parsley essential oil/kg (T3), (4) basal diet + 1.5 mL parsley essential oil/kg (T4), and (5) basal diet + 2 mL parsley essential oil/kg (T5). According to GC‐MS analysis, parsley oil contains D‐limonene, hexadecanoic acid, α‐cyclocitral, globulol, α‐pinene, myristicin, cryophyllene, bergapten, α‐chamigrene, etc. The current results indicated that the most abundant molecules in parsley oil were D‐limonene (18.82%), oleic acid (14.52%), α‐cyclocitral (11.75%), globulol (11.24%), α‐guaiene (7.34%), apiol (5.45%), and hexadecanoic acid (4.69%). Adding parsley essential oil to the broiler diet quadratically increased body weight (BW) during 1–3 weeks of age. The T5 group recorded the highest value (869.37 g) of BW in comparison to other treatments and the control group. The cholesterol, triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total immunoglobulin, including immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in the birds fed parsley essential oil were not affected. The T3 group recorded the highest value (159 ng/mL) of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the lowest value (2.01 ng/mL) of malondialdehyde (MDA) when compared to the control and other treatment. In conclusion, we recommend using parsley oil at levels of 1 mL/kg diet of broiler chicks.
Multiple myeloma refractory to lenalidomide: A systematic literature review of trials and real‐world evidence
Authors: Hartley‐Brown Monique A. , Weisel Katja , Bitetti Jacopo , Carter John A. , McNamara Simon , Purser Molly , Palumbo Antonio , Richardson Paul G. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThe growing use of frontline lenalidomide treatment in multiple myeloma (MM) is increasing the proportion of lenalidomide‐refractory patients, which may limit the efficacy of subsequent lines of treatment (LOT). This systematic literature review (January 2008–October 2023) of clinical trials (CT) and real‐world studies (RW) assessed treatment outcomes in adults with relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) who were previously treated with ≥1 LOT, progressed and were lenalidomide‐refractory. Medline, EMBASE and additional electronic databases were searched for articles published in English. Primary outcomes included progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and overall/objective response rate (ORR); 24 CT and 19 RW were included. For CT, the population‐weighted mean of median PFS (CT = 14) and OS (CT = 6) were shorter in the lenalidomide‐refractory cohort (months: 8.8 [n = 2699] and 21.7 [n = 1066], respectively) than the intent‐to‐treat population (months: 13.8 [n = 5380] and 35.9 [n = 2264], respectively); the population‐weighted (N = 2142) mean ORR for lenalidomide‐refractory patients (CT = 18) was 56.0%. RW reported considerable variation in PFS (RW = 7), OS (RW = 8) and ORR (RW = 8); and median PFS (RW = 2; months) was lower in lenalidomide/bortezomib‐refractory (5.5/5.5; n = 81/n = 25) versus lenalidomide‐refractory (7.3/8.0; n = 81/n = 61) patients. These data provide evidence that clinical trials and real‐world outcomes are suboptimal in lenalidomide‐refractory patients with RRMM, highlighting the need to improve treatment options for this population.
Why the Feldstein–Horioka “puzzle” remains unsolved
Authors: Felipe Jesus , Fullwiler Scott , Yusoph Al‐Habbyel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe argue that the 40‐year‐old Feldstein–Horioka “puzzle” should have never been labeled as such. We discuss two problems with the literature. First, we show that the series of investment and saving rates typically used in empirical exercises to test the Feldstein–Horioka thesis are not appropriate. The correct series to properly test it are not collected. Second, we show that the Feldstein–Horioka regression is not a model in the econometric sense, that is, an equation with a proper error term (a random variable). The reason is that by adding the capital account to their regression, one gets the accounting identity that relates the capital account, domestic investment, and domestic saving. This implies that the estimate of the coefficient of the saving rate in the Feldstein–Horioka regression can be thought of as a biased estimate of the same coefficient in the accounting identity, where it has a value of 1. Because the omitted variable is known, we call it pseudo bias. Given that this (pseudo) bias is known to be negative and less than 1 in absolute terms, it should come as no surprise that the Feldstein–Horioka regression yields a coefficient between 0 and 1.
Assessing the conservation value of cemeteries to urban biota worldwide
Authors: Itescu Yuval , Jeschke Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCemeteries are key urban green spaces with multifaceted societal and ecological importance. Their biodiversity is shaped by unique environmental and cultural factors. They can potentially protect rare and endangered species, yet their conservation value compared with other urban green spaces remains largely unexplored. We sought to fill this gap by systematically reviewing literature to investigate the conservation value of cemeteries relative to other urban green spaces (botanical gardens, institutional premises, natural remnants, and parks) by comparing species richness and proportions of native and unique species. We analyzed data from 70 papers covering 50 cities in 27 countries with linear and binomial mixed‐effects models at both site and city level. Cemetery conservation value was similar to urban parks, except for the proportion of unique species, for which parks had significantly higher proportions (21.9% vs. 14.2%, p < 0.001). Cemeteries hosted slightly higher proportions of native species at the city level than botanical gardens (99.7% vs. 99.6%, p < 0.001) and institutional green spaces (96.3% vs. 94.1%, p = 0.034) and proportions comparable to parks and natural remnants (p > 0.05). They also had similar or higher values than institutional premises in species richness and unique species proportions (p > 0.05) and a higher site‐level proportion of native species (p < 0.001). In contrast, species richness (slopes = −0.11 and −0.25, respectively) and unique species proportions (4.4% and 6.9%, respectively, p < 0.001 for both) were lower in cemeteries than in remnants of natural areas and in botanical gardens. The conservation value of cemeteries and parks was similar for animals, but parks had a higher value for plants. Overall, cemeteries were generally at least as valuable as some other green spaces for urban biodiversity and mostly native biota. Their religious and cultural significance suggests they will remain intact in the long term; thus, it is essential to prioritize and further promote their biodiversity in conservation and sustainable urban design plans.
Reporting of self‐reported hand eczema as an occupational disease in hospital cleaners: A cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study
Authors: Sedeh Farnam Barati , Ullum Anna Glenn , Christensen Karl Bang , Michaelsdóttir Thórunn Elísabet , Mortensen Ole Steen , Jemec Gregor Borut , Ibler Kristina Sophie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundHand eczema (HE) is a prevalent disease among professional cleaners.ObjectivesTo investigate how often cleaners have their self‐reported HE, induced or worsened by cleaners' occupational activities, reported as an occupational disease to the authorities in Denmark and to identify reasons for underreporting. In addition, consultation by physicians and treatment for HE among cleaners were also investigated.MethodsThis cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study included hospital cleaners at three different hospitals in Region Zealand, Denmark.ResultsWe included 224 out of 234 cleaners from three hospitals (response rate: 96%). The lifetime prevalence of self‐reported HE with onset in adulthood was 18.3% (n = 41), with cleaners believing every case to be caused or exacerbated by their occupation. Only 9.7% (n = 4/41) of the cases were reported as an occupational disease to the authorities. The most common reasons for non‐reporting were a lack of perceived seriousness of the disease (40.5%) and unawareness of the risk of self‐reported HE being of occupational origin (32.4%). Remarkably, only 75.7% (n = 28/37) of workers with unreported cases had consulted a physician at some point. Additionally, among cleaners who self‐reported HE attributed or aggravated by their occupation, but not officially reported as such, only 56.8% (n = 21/37) had ever used hand moisturisers, while less than 45% had ever used topical steroids or calcineurin inhibitors.ConclusionOur findings reveal substantial underreporting of self‐reported HE, perceived to be induced or worsened by the cleaner's occupational activities, as an occupational disease to the authorities.
Ten lessons for rare wildlife species conservation when coming from a common species background
Authors: Golding Jessie D. , Specht Hannah M. R. , Millspaugh Joshua J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEfforts to slow biodiversity loss have ushered in an era of proactive conservation for rare species, or species that have any combination of low relative abundance, high habitat specificity, and limited geographic range. Approaches to wildlife management and conservation were often developed for more abundant, generalist species, and frequently do not translate well to rare species. Conservation for rare species therefore requires adapting knowledge, action and inquiry tools for common species to rare species. We therefore present 10 lessons for adapting conservation tools to rare species, each with advice to implement the lessons. Several themes emerge from these lessons. Information scarcity necessitates high standards of information for rare species. Missing rare species information can be complemented with multiple forms of knowledge, particularly when the need for conservation action precludes additional data collection. Investment in depth (over breadth) of information for individuals of rare species can provide alternatives to population trend, which has lower reliability for rare species. Natural history documentation can improve rare species conservation strategies. Finally, curiosity‐driven inquiry can inspire rare species conservation innovation. We hope providing guidance that addresses challenges for rare species will help others bridge the gap between common wildlife approaches and proactive rare species conservation.
Decentralization, Supervision, and Chinese Local Government Debt
Authors: Yang Chunfei , Li Yongyou , Qi Yu , Xu Yanzhe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDecentralization can alter the incentive structure of local governments and one outcome of this is debt accumulation. Based on the “Province‐Managing‐County” pilot policy, a fiscal decentralization reform devolving fiscal power from the prefecture‐level city to the county level, we assess the impact of fiscal decentralization on local government debt using a difference‐in‐differences model with a unique county‐level dataset from 2011 to 2019. According to the study findings, the “Province‐Managing‐County” reform resulted in an average increase of 5.758 percent in the local government debt ratio across the pilot counties. Mechanism analyses suggest that this may have arisen from changes in the incentive structure, including external pressures from government assessments and internal developmental needs for promotion, leading to a rise in expenditure pressures on local governments. The role of supervision in mitigating the impact of fiscal decentralization on debt growth was also demonstrated, indicating that an appropriate supervision mechanism must be in place in conjunction with a decentralization policy.
Development of a new social prescribing intervention for families of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Ostojic Katarina , Karem Isra , Dee‐Price Betty‐Jean , Paget Simon P. , Berg Alison , Burnett Heather , Scott Timothy R. , Strnadová Iva , Woolfenden Susan R. ,   EPIC‐CP Group
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo co‐design a social prescribing intervention (the EPIC‐CP programme: Equitable Pathways and Integrated Care in Cerebral Palsy) with children with cerebral palsy (CP), their families, and clinicians to address unmet social needs.MethodThe study was conducted (August 2021 to March 2023) at the paediatric rehabilitation departments of the three tertiary paediatric hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Eligible participants attended or worked at one of the departments, including children with CP, parents/caregivers, and clinicians. Mixed‐methods co‐design was used in intervention co‐production and prototyping. The project was overseen by research advisors with lived experience of CP.ResultsMore than 200 participants contributed to the co‐design research. Families experienced a substantial burden of unmet social needs. Co‐designed interventions involved systematic identification of unmet social needs with (1) targeted community resources and (2) engagement with a ‘community linker’ who supported children/young people and their families to access health, education, and social services that matched their identified needs and preferences. Research participants co‐developed the programme logic model and prototype. This was piloted in research action cycles and iteratively refined until consensus was achieved.InterpretationWe co‐designed a social prescribing programme responsive to the needs of its end‐users and purposefully developed to be embedded in the Australian health setting. A pilot randomized controlled trial will further evaluate this intervention.
Disease and treatment burden of patients with haemophilia entering the explorer6 non‐interventional study
Authors: Windyga Jerzy , Apte Shashikant , Frei‐Jones Melissa , Fujii Teruhisa , Lyu Chuhl Joo , Villarreal Martinez Laura , Sathar Jameela , Stasyshyn Oleksandra , Tran Huyen , Zozulya Nadezhda , Brown Frandsen Renée , Neergaard Jesper Skov , Thaung Zaw Jay Jay , Mahlangu Johnny 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to characterise baseline disease and treatment burden in a large population with haemophilia A/B, both with (HAwI/HBwI) and without (HA/HB) inhibitors.MethodsThe prospective, non‐interventional explorer6 study included patients ≥12 years old with severe HA, severe/moderate HB or HAwI/HBwI of any severity, treated according to local standard of care (excluding previous/current exposure to concizumab or emicizumab). Baseline characteristics and historical clinical data were collected and patient‐reported outcomes, including treatment burden, were assessed.ResultsThe explorer6 study enrolled 231 patients with haemophilia (84 HAwI/HBwI) from 33 countries. At baseline, patients with HA/HB treated with prophylaxis had the lowest median annualised bleeding rates (ABRs; 2.0), irrespective of haemophilia type; of these patients, 27.5% (HA) and 31.4% (HB) had target joints. Patients with HAwI/HBwI treated episodically reported the highest treatment burden. Of these patients, 28.5% (HAwI) and 25.1% (HBwI) performed sports activities in the month before screening.ConclusionDespite receiving routine clinical care, historical and baseline information from patients enrolled in explorer6 showed that patients with HA/HB treated episodically and patients with HAwI/HBwI had higher ABRs, higher treatment burden and participated in sports less than those with HA/HB treated with prophylaxis. Emerging treatments could be beneficial in addressing these unmet medical needs.
Identification of Aerobic ETBE‐Degrading Microorganisms in Groundwater Using Stable Isotope Probing
Authors: Nicholls Henry C.G. , Mallinson H. Emma , Thornton Steven F. , Hjort Markus , Rolfe Stephen A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA limited number of microorganisms have been identified with the capability to degrade ethyl tert‐butyl ether (ETBE) in the environment. Knowledge of the identity and distribution of ETBE‐degrading microorganisms is important for the implementation of management measures such as natural attenuation and bioremediation at ETBE‐release sites. In this study, DNA‐stable isotope probing (SIP) was used to identify microorganisms able to aerobically degrade 13C‐labeled ETBE in laboratory microcosms constructed with groundwater and aquifer material from an ETBE‐release site. Microorganisms in the Class γ‐proteobacteria, Order β‐proteobacteriales, Family Burkholderiaceae, and classified as Methylibium and Leptothrix, respectively, were identified as primary ETBE degraders. Comparisons with ETBE‐responsive microorganisms (those which increased in abundance after the addition of ETBE), identified by high‐throughput sequencing of microcosms established from the same site, showed that only a small proportion of the ETBE‐responsive organisms were primary degraders as determined by SIP. ETBE degraders were taxonomically related to microorganisms able to degrade other gasoline components, but not ETBE, implying that this functionality results from acquisition of the eth gene cluster by these organisms. These ETBE degraders could also be identified at ETBE‐release sites, but at low relative abundance and generally only in those locations from which the microcosms had been established. Therefore, we recommend that molecular investigations of ETBE‐contaminated sites focus on functional genes (i.e., the eth gene cluster) rather than specific taxa.