bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarimetric Radar Observations from a Waterspout-Producing Thunderstorm
Authors: Van Den Broeke Matthew S. , Van Den Broeke Cynthia A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A family of four waterspouts was produced by a convective cell over western Lake Michigan on 12 September 2013. This storm initiated along a boundary north of a mesolow in a low-level cold-air advection regime, and developed supercell characteristics once the second waterspout was in progress. Polarimetric characteristics of the storm, and of the development of supercell character, are presented. These observations represent the first documented polarimetric radar observations of waterspout-producing convection in the Great Lakes region. Unusually high differential reflectivity values accompanied this storm and its initiating boundary. The high values along the boundary are partially explained by a high density of dragonflies. High differential reflectivity values were present through much of the storm of interest despite very low aerosol concentration at low levels in the lake-influenced air mass. Finally, this case illustrates the importance of environmental awareness on waterspout-favorable days, especially when boundaries are nearby to serve as a potential source of enhanced environmental vertical vorticity.
Body mass index and the use of the Internet for health information
Authors: Faith Jennifer , Thorburn Sheryl , Smit Ellen 
Published: February 2015

Objective: Individuals who experience or anticipate negative interactions from medical providers related to conditions such as obesity may preferentially use the Internet for health information. Our objectives in this study were to (1) examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and Internet health information–seeking and (2) examine whether the association between patient-centred communication and Internet health information–seeking differed by BMI category. Method: We used data from the Health Information National Trends Survey 3 ( n = 7,674), a cross-sectional nationally representative survey of US adults. Using weighted data, we determined associations between BMI category and Internet health information–seeking, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related variables. We then determined the adjusted associations between patient-centred communication and Internet health information–seeking stratified by BMI category. Results: Most (78.7%) sought health information from the Internet. The odds of Internet health information–seeking among individuals with overweight (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.96) and individuals with obesity (AOR = 1.45) did not differ significantly from individuals with normal weight. The association between perceived levels of patient-centred communication and using the Internet for health information did not differ by BMI category. Conclusion: Study findings suggest that most individuals seek health information from the Internet. Despite non-significant results, this study points to the need for research on health information choices specific to weight loss among individuals with overweight and obesity using more comprehensive measures of the frequency, preference and motivation for information-seeking.
Age as a factor in do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation decisions: A multicentre blinded simulation-based study
Authors: Moore Nicholas A , Wiggins Natasha , Adams Joe 
Published: February 2015

Background: The European Resuscitation Council Guidelines recognise that there is a lack of direct evidence for the effect of age on outcome following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Aim: To determine the role that advancing age plays in the decision by clinicians to complete a do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation order based on perceived futility. Design: A questionnaire-based trial. Clinicians were randomly assigned to receive one of two versions of a patient case, varying in age but otherwise identical (90 years vs 60 years). Participants were asked to decide whether a do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation form should be completed based on perceived futility for a single patient case. Rates of do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation order were compared between groups. Participants: Consultant physicians, surgeons and anaesthetists from 12 district general hospitals in England. Results: In total, 291 questionnaires were returned. Overall, clinicians were significantly more likely to complete a do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation form for a 90-year-old patient than a 60-year-old patient, when all other factors are equal (67.7% vs 7.4%, p < 0.001). This finding was consistent across speciality and experience level of the consultant. Surgeons were found to be significantly less likely to complete a do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation order in the 90-year-old patient compared to other consultants (46.4% vs 74.1%, p < 0.001). Anaesthetists were more likely than other consultants to complete a do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation order in the 60-year-old patient (17.8% vs 4.3%, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Age is a highly significant independent factor in a clinicians’ decision to withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We highlight a potential gap between current practice and supporting evidence base.
Effect of Posterolateral Bundle Graft Fixation Angles on Clinical Outcomes in Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Koga Hideyuki , Muneta Takeshi , Yagishita Kazuyoshi , Watanabe Toshifumi , Mochizuki Tomoyuki , Horie Masafumi , Nakamura Tomomasa , Otabe Koji , Sekiya Ichiro 
Published: February 2015

Background: In double-bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, no consensus exists on an optimal setting for the posterolateral bundle (PLB) graft fixation angles. Hypothesis: Different PLB fixation angles would affect clinical outcomes in DB ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: This study prospectively included 90 patients who underwent primary DB ACL reconstruction with an autologous semitendinosus tendon. The PLB fixation angles were randomly set as follows: 0° of flexion (P0; n = 30), 20° (P20; n = 30), and 45° (P45; n = 30). In all groups, the anteromedial bundle was fixed at 20° of flexion. The following evaluation methods were used at the preoperative period and at 3, 6, and 9 months and 1 and 2 years after the surgery: clinical examination, KT-1000 arthrometer measurement, muscle strength, Tegner score, Lysholm score, and subjective rating scale regarding patient satisfaction and sports performance levels. Graft retear, contralateral ACL tear, and additional meniscus surgery were also recorded. Results: Seventy-five patients (P0, n = 25; P20, n = 26; P45, n = 24) who were followed for 2 years were evaluated. Preoperatively, there were no differences among the groups. Postoperatively, pivot-shift test results in the P0 and P20 groups were better than those in the P45 group (P0, n = 23 graded negative and 2 graded 1+; P20, n = 23 and 2; P45, n = 15 and 7, respectively; P0 vs P45: P = .038 and P20 vs P45: P = .038). Average KT-1000 arthrometer laxity measurements were better in the P20 group than in the P45 group (P0, 0.4 mm; P20, 0.3 mm; P45, 1.3 mm; P20 vs P45: P = .048), and there were more patients with graft failure (KT-1000 measurement, ≥4 mm) in the P45 group (n = 3) than the P0 and P20 groups (each, n = 0). There were no significant differences in range of motion, other laxity tests, muscle strength, Tegner score, Lysholm score, subjective rating scale, or additional surgery. Conclusion: In DB ACL reconstruction, when the anteromedial bundle was fixed at 20° of flexion, fixation of the PLB at 45° was worse than fixation at 0° and 20° with respect to anterior and rotational stability during the 2-year follow-up. KT-1000 arthrometer measurements and pivot-shift test results were significantly worse, and there were more patients with graft failure in the P45 group. There were no differences among groups in other findings.
“Okay, I will say in Korean and then in American”: Translanguaging practices in bilingual homes
Authors: Song Kwangok 
Published: February 2015

Building on the research on translanguaging practices in classrooms (e.g. García, 2009 ; Sayer, 2011 ) and immigrant families’ literacy practices (e.g. Gregory et al., 2004; Li, 2006 ), this qualitative study explores the nature of translanguaging practices of four Korean bilingual children and their families in home literacy events. Participant observation with video recordings and field notes was used to gather data, and the data analysis focused on the literacy events defined by Heath (1982) and types of language use. The findings demonstrated that bilingual children and their family members used their two languages flexibly and strategically to create and negotiate meaning. Using both languages contributed to clarifying meaning in communication and expanding children’s linguistic repertoires in their heritage language as well as in English. This study takes a particularized look at bilingual children’s language experience in out-of-school contexts by focusing on families’ ways of using their two languages to support their children’s heritage language development in literacy events.
Challenges of environmental problems to the philosophy of education
Authors: Kato Morimichi 
Published: February 2015

We live in an age in which the destruction of the environment has become a major concern. However, until recently, environmental problems have not become a major issue for the philosophy of education. The reason for this is that for a very long time the philosophy of education was intimately related to the concept of nature as the foundation and the model of human activity. We can see such an understanding of nature not only among the philosophers of Ancient Greece, but also among the modern pioneers of pedagogy. If we consider this situation, we may understand the challenge the environmental problem poses to the philosophy of education. Nature in this age of environmental problems cannot function as the foundation upon which an edifice of education can be built. It has become clear that nature is vulnerable to human intervention. Philosophy of education has responded to this turn of events by not paying attention to the concept of nature. This has sometimes taken an anti-foundational and anti-traditional form that is typical of postmodern thinking. More often though, this omission has occurred by way of shifting the discussion of education exclusively to social and political issues. In my opinion, this contemporary trend to exclude or ignore a metaphysical or ontological consideration of nature is too narrow. On one hand, it separates us from tradition, in which a consideration of nature played an important role. On the other hand, it excludes us from the experience of the whole that the Greeks called the cosmos. In this paper we will look for a third way of understanding this problem: one that shows due respect for ontology without falling into the error of considering nature as the foundation that serves as an absolute norm. In turn, this requires a balanced understanding of the dethroning of nature in the modern age.
Which type of conditioning method protects the spinal cord from the ischemia–reperfusion injury in 24 hours?
Authors: Sapmaz Ali , Ulus A Tulga , Turan Nilüfer N , Kaymaz F Figen , Yazıcıoğlu Hija , Ersöz Siyar , Simsek Erdal , Köksoy Cüneyt 
Published: February 2015

Objective This study was designed to test the effects of different types of preconditioning and postconditioning methods on spinal cord protection following aortic clamping. Methods The animals (rabbits) were divided into sham-operated, ischemic preconditioning, remote ischemic preconditioning, simultaneous aortic and ischemic remote preconditioning, and ischemic postconditioning groups. After neurological evaluations, ultrastructural analysis and immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 were evaluated after 24 h following ischemia. Results The neurological outcomes of the remote ischemic preconditioning (4.2 ± 0.4) and ischemic postconditioning (4.6 ± 0.8) groups were significantly improved when compared with the ischemia group (2.2 ± 04). The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the lowest percentage of apoptosis was in-group ischemic preconditioning at 12.5 ± 30.6%. In the comparison of intracellular edema in an ultrastructural analysis, the ischemic preconditioning and ischemic postconditioning groups had significantly lower values than the ischemia group. Conclusion The conditioning methods attenuate ischemia–reperfusion injury for spinal cord injury. Ischemic and remote preconditioning and also postconditioning methods are simple to perform and inexpensive.
Outreach to diversify clinical trial participation: A randomized recruitment study
Authors: Brown Susan D , Partee Paula N , Feng Juanran , Quesenberry Charles P , Hedderson Monique M , Ehrlich Samantha F , Kiernan Michaela , Ferrara Assiamira 
Published: February 2015

Background/Aims Racial and ethnic minorities remain underrepresented in clinical research, yet few recruitment strategies have been rigorously evaluated. Methods We experimentally tested whether targeted recruitment letters acknowledging diabetes health disparities and health risks specific to recipients’ racial/ethnic group improved two metrics of trial participation: willingness to be screened and enrollment. This experiment was efficiently nested within a randomized clinical trial examining a preventive lifestyle intervention among women at high risk for diabetes. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance ( N = 445) were randomized to receive a targeted recruitment letter with health risk information specific to their racial/ethnic group ( n = 216), or a standard letter with risk information for the general population ( n = 229). All letters were bilingual in English and Spanish. Results The targeted as compared to the standard letter did not improve screening or enrollment rates overall or within separate racial/ethnic groups. Among Latina women who preferred Spanish, the targeted letter showed trends for improved screening (66.7% vs 33.3%, p = .06) and enrollment rates (38.9% vs 13.3%, p = .13). In contrast, among Latina women who preferred English, the targeted letter significantly lowered screening (29.6% vs 57.1%, p = .04) and showed trends for lowered enrollment rates (25.9% vs 50.0%, p = .07). Conclusion Results from this randomized study appear to suggest that recruitment letters with diabetes health risk information targeted to recipients’ race/ethnicity may improve one metric of clinical trial participation among Latina women who prefer Spanish, but not English. Larger experimental studies, incorporating input from diverse participant stakeholders, are needed to develop evidence-based minority recruitment strategies.
On discharge planning: dynamic complex processes – uncertainty, surprise and standardisation
Authors: Augustinsson Sören , Petersson Pia 
Published: February 2015

How can discharge planning (DP) for patients who require care in the home following a period in hospital be understood and developed through the lenses of complexity theory? With the help of complexity theory and practice-based narrative research this study discloses the formal routines and complex dynamic practices that are associated with DP. A study of the literature established that there was an almost total absence of complexity-theoretical perspectives on interpreting and developing DP. The researchers collected narratives about the DP processes using qualitative interviews with the nurses responsible for this in a hospital ward: these were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. They also participated in and documented meetings where these nurses, as a group, discussed DP. The findings show that nurses have to continuously deal with uncertainty, surprises and the unknown. They have to make sense and take charge of dynamic complex events and new knowledge, and manage complex relations and information. The researchers argue that looking upon practice from the lenses of complexity theory, and therefore accepting the complexity of practice, could facilitate the development of nurses' skills in order to guarantee good quality in DP.
Crafting intermediate care: one team’s journey towards integration and innovation
Authors: Fillmore Elbourne Heather , le May Andrée 
Published: February 2015

Aim This paper describes one multi-disciplinary, multi-agency team’s development of Person-Centred Intermediate Care (PCIC) for older people. This development involved integrating three separate enterprises – a not-for-profit charitable organisation, a local primary health care trust and referring hospitals and their local social care providers. Methods We used a mixed-methods case study, underpinned by the notion of an innovation journey, to explore how PCIC was developed by the team and how effective it was. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, documentary analysis, closed-end questionnaires/scales and routinely collected activity data. Thematic and statistical analyses were used. Results were triangulated. Twelve staff, four key informants and 94 service users participated. Results The development followed the trajectory of innovation journeys. Our mixed-methods approach enabled us to expose staff’s negative experiences during this time whilst patients were largely satisfied with their care and made appropriate recovery. The triangulation of data in this mixed-methods study allowed us to seek explanations for this mismatch. We conjecture that the staff used emotional labour to lessen the effects of their negative experiences for the benefit of the patients. Conclusions This paper extends our knowledge of how, in a policy environment that encourages collaborative practice between public, private and voluntary alliances, and across sectors, such innovations work. In addition, the results suggest that emotional labour is used during change and care practices: preparing nurses better in order to use this ‘technique’ is a recommendation from this research.
Healthcare costs and loss of productivity in patients with trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis
Authors: Marks M. , Vliet Vlieland T. P. M. , Audigé L. , Herren D. B. , Nelissen R. G. H. H. , van den Hout W. B. 
Published: February 2015

The objective of this study was to analyse healthcare and productivity costs in patients with trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. We included 161 patients who received surgery or steroid injection and calculated their healthcare costs in Euro (€) over 1 year. Patients filled out the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire to assess loss of productivity at baseline, and after 3, and 12 months. In the surgical group, loss of productivity among employed patients first increased and then decreased (50%, 64%, and 25% at 0, 3, and 12 months). Productivity was more stable over time in the injection group (52%, 38%, and 48%). In the surgical group, estimated total annual healthcare and productivity costs were €5770 and €5548, respectively. In the injection group, healthcare and productivity costs were €348 and €3503. These findings highlight the need for assessing productivity costs to get a comprehensive view of the costs associated with a treatment. Level of Evidence III
Corrective osteotomy for malunited metacarpal fractures: long-term results of a novel technique
Authors: Karthik K. , Tahmassebi R. , Khakha R. S. , Compson J. 
Published: February 2015

Symptomatic malunited metacarpal fractures can significantly affect hand function. We retrospectively reviewed the results of our technique of corrective osteotomy in 14 malunited metacarpal fractures (12 patients) with an average age of 30 years (range 18–49) from January 2005 to December 2011. The dominant hand was involved in nine patients and all except one were male. The malunited metacarpals demonstrated mean dorsal apex angulation of 43° (range 33°–72°) with apparent metacarpal shortening. All except three cases had rotational deformity. All patients underwent surgical correction of the deformity using our described technique of closing wedge osteotomy using temporary intramedullary K-wire and plate fixation. At a mean follow-up of 46 months (range 12–78), the DASH scores improved significantly ( p < 0.001). All our patients scored ‘excellent’ according to the Büchler criteria and at final follow-up had returned to pre-injury work and sports activities. Our technique is safe, easily performed and can be adapted to correct a range of deformities. Level of evidence: Level IV
Femorofemoral bypass allowed limb preservation after late diagnosis of left common iliac artery thrombosis due to blunt trauma: A case report
Authors: Chen Kai , Huang Jing-Yong , Wang Lu , Zheng Xiang-Tao 
Published: February 2015

Objective: Acute common iliac artery occlusion which results from blunt abdominal trauma is rare and potentially leads to a late diagnosis. Methods: We report a case of a 58-year-old patient who suffered a late diagnosed acute left common iliac artery occlusion secondary to abdominal trauma. An emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed to stop intra-abdominal bleeding, while his left limb ischemia was not noticed until 32 h later and femorofemoral bypass was then successfully performed for revascularization. Compartment syndrome was observed postoperatively, and fasciotomy was performed promptly. The wound was temporarily covered with Vaccum Sealing Drainage due to high skin tension. Patient underwent skin-grafting after leg swelling subsided. Results: The follow-up turned out that these managements were valid in the preservation of the limb viability. Conclusions: This case highlights the prudent recognition of the acute lower extremity ischemia in the abdominal trauma and immediate remedy for acute iliac artery occlusion after a late diagnosis.
Minimal residual disease in myeloma by flow cytometry: independent prediction of survival benefit per log reduction
Authors: Rawstron Andy C. , Gregory Walter M. , de Tute Ruth M. , Davies Faith E. , Bell Sue E. , Drayson Mark T. , Cook Gordon , Jackson Graham H. , Morgan Gareth J. , Child J. Anthony , Owen Roger G. 
Published: February 2015

Key Points
The level of MRD quantified by flow cytometry is more informative than a 0.01% threshold and independently predicts OS. There was approximately 1 year survival benefit per log depletion. A lower cut point for predicting improved outcome was not reached.