bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farben in der Konzeption des Purgatorio
Authors: Burrichter Brigitte 
Published: August 2014

Riassunto
I colori nella concezione del Purgatorio - il titolo mette in luce un aspetto cromatico del Purgatorio che a un’analisi più attenta si rivela un fenomeno complesso. Il Purgatorio in sé non è colorato. Qui domina, se veramente si può parlare di colori, il bianco. Tuttavia questo Purgatorio incolore è inserito molto accuratamente in una cornice policroma. I colori dell’Antipurgatorio e quelli del Paradiso terrestre lo circondano secondo modalità esattamente calcolate. Tale cornice cromatica è oggetto del presente saggio
Freundschaft und Feindschaft. Zur Anthropologie sozialer Formen in Dantes Inferno
Authors: Münchberg Katharina 
Published: August 2014

Riassunto
Sulla base della definizione aristotelica dell’uomo come zóon logón echón e zóon politikón e dell’amicizia come una dedizione disinteressata agli altri che non comporta vantaggi politici o economici (Etica Nicomachea, 1155a- 1156a), Dante descrive nell’Inferno le pratiche sociali di amicizia e di inimicizia. Nel medioevo, l’amicizia non è proprio un rapporto di vicinanza e di intimità. Dante non rappresenta amicizie personali, ma le condizioni antropologiche del comportamento sociale umano. Il comportamento ostile dei personaggi nell’Inferno si rivela come l’immagine negativa dell’uomo come essere sociale che pensa e parla.
Lectura Dantis: Purgatorio XI
Authors: Schwarze Michael 
Published: August 2014

Riassunto
Un’analisi di Purgatorio XI, il canto della superbia, mette in luce come nella Commedia i peccati possano conservare anche degli aspetti positivi. I tre superbi incontrati da Dante (Omberto Aldobrandeschi, Oderisi da Gubbio e Provenzan Salvani), benché penitenti, non mostrano un atteggiamento totalmente improntato a quella humilitas che sarebbe lecito attendersi da chi si trova nel Purgatorio. All’interno del canto, »ingegno« e »disio de l’eccellenza« non rappresentano soltanto le cause principali della futile brama di gloria che caratterizza gli animi superbi, ma sembrano assumere anche una funzione positiva. È dunque possibile individuare un itinerarium ad Deum alternativo rispetto a quello professato dal Padre Nostro ad apertura del canto: un itinerario che non passa per la »via diritta« (Inf. I, 3), bensì prevede un »altro vïaggio« (Inf. I, 9), una via terrena che non esclude l’uso dell’»ingegno« e il »disio de l’eccellenza«. Così Dante ci consegna sottobanco una inaudita rivalutazione delle capacità umane, che si rivelano non puramente negative - cause della miseria hominis -, bensì, parzialmente e velatamente, basi di una dignitas hominis.
Vitamin D-containing supplements for children between 1–3 years of age: Are they essential for bone health?
Authors: Torun Emel , Kahraman Feyza Ustabas , Osmanoğlu Nurcan Keskin , Kucukkoc Mehmet , Donmez Tugrul , Orucoglu Suera , Ozgen Ilker Tolga 
Published: August 2014

Abstract: We aim to evaluate how vitamin D-containing supplements affect the vitamin D status of children 1–3 years old and to assess the variation of the vitamin D concentrations across different seasons.This retrospective study included a review of medical reports of 1035 patients (aged 1–3 years) who presented to our hospital between October 2011 and October 2013. The children were divided into 3 groups: Group 1: those supplemented with vitamin DGender distribution was not statistically different between the three groups (p=0.38). The children who had taken vitamin D-containing supplements had significantly higher vitamin D levels compared with the children who were given no vitamin D supplementation (p<0.001). Children with no vitamin D supplementation had significantly lower calcium and phosphorus levels compared with Groups 1 and 2. Vitamin D levels were affected by vitamin D supplementation (f=16.125, p<0.001) but not by season (f=0.699, p=0.650).The children aged 1–3 years who did not receive vitamin D-containing supplements had insufficient vitamin D and low levels of calcium and phosphorus. Vitamin D levels were affected by vitamin D supplementation but not by season.
Optical torque from enhanced scattering by multipolar plasmonic resonance
Authors: Lee Yoonkyung E. , Fung Kin Hung , Jin Dafei , Fang Nicholas X. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe present a theoretical study of the optical angular momentum transfer from a circularly polarized plane wave to thin metal nanoparticles of different rotational symmetries. While absorption has been regarded as the predominant mechanism of torque generation on the nanoscale, we demonstrate numerically how the contribution from scattering can be enhanced by using multipolar plasmon resonance. The multipolar modes in non-circular particles can convert the angular momentum carried by the scattered field and thereby produce scattering-dominant optical torque, while a circularly symmetric particle cannot. Our results show that the optical torque induced by resonant scattering can contribute to 80% of the total optical torque in gold particles. This scattering-dominant torque generation is extremely mode-specific, and deserves to be distinguished from the absorption-dominant mechanism. Our findings might have applications in optical manipulation on the nanoscale as well as new designs in plasmonics and metamaterials.
Epitaxial Growth of Ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Layers on GaAs
Authors: Meunier Benjamin , Louahadj Lamis , Le Bourdais David , Largeau Ludovic , Agnus Guillaume , Lecoeur Philippe , Pillard Valérie , Mazet Lucie , Bachelet Romain , Regreny Philippe , Botella Claude , Grenet Geneviève , Albertini David , Dubourdieu Catherine , Gautier Brice , Saint-Girons Guillaume 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTFerroelectric epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) layers were grown by pulsed laser deposition on SrTiO3/GaAs templates fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy. The templates present an excellent structural quality and the SrTiO3/GaAs is abrupt at the atomic scale thanks to surface Ti pre-treatment. The PZT layers contain a- and c- domains, as shown by X-Ray diffraction analyses. Piezoforce microscopy experiments and macroscopic electrical characterizations indicate that PZT is ferroelectric. A relative dielectric permittivity of 164 is extracted from these measurements.
Optical, Dielectric and SHG measurement of semiorganic NLO single crystals: Triglycine Sodium halides
Authors: Ananad kumari R. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTSingle crystals of semiorganic nonlinear optical material Triglycine Sodium Halides(TGSH) have been grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique at constant temperature. The powder X-ray diffraction of the grown crystals is recorded and indexed. Functional groups present in the samples are identified by FTIR spectral analysis. The optical absorption studies shows that the UV cut off wavelength is around 300nm and has a wide transparency window. The powder second harmonic generation efficiency of the crystals is measured by Kurtz and Perry powder technique using Nd:YAG laser and it is 1.5 times for Triglycine Sodium Chloride, 1.2 times for Triglycine Sodium Bromide and 1.4 times for Triglycine potassium Iodide crystals that of the standard KDP crystals. Triglycine Sodium halide crystals show very good stability under laser irradiation with no signs of decomposition. Laser damage threshold energy density of Triglycine Sodium Iodide is found to be 857 MW/cm2 and 540MW/cm2 for Triglycine Sodium Chloride crystals.
Soft Lithographic Printing of Titanium Dioxide and the Resulting Silica Contamination Layer
Authors: Curtis Travis , Munukutla Lakshmi V. , Kannan Arunachalanadar M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTSoft lithographic printing techniques can be used to print nanoparticle dispersions with relative ease while allowing for a measureable degree of controllability of printed feature size. In this study, a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp was used to print multi-layered, porous, nanoparticle dispersions of titanium dioxide (TiO2), for use in a dye-sensitized solar cell application. The gelled patterns were then sintered and the surface of the printed sample was chemically analyzed.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the surface constituents of the printed sample. The presence of a secondary peak feature located approximately 2.8 eV above the high resolution O1s core level binding energy peak was attributed to a contamination layer. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) of the printed sample revealed the presence of vibrational modes characteristic of the asymmetric bond stretching of silica, located at approximate wavenumbers of 1260 and 1030 cm-1.Soft lithographic techniques are a viable manufacturing technique in a number of disciplines and sintered nano-oxide dispersions are readily used as reaction centers in a number of technologies. The presence of a residual, bonded silicate contamination layer may preclude the soft lithographic printing of chemically active oxide surfaces.
Cooler Canopy Contributes to Higher Yield and Drought Tolerance in New Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Pradhan Gautam P. , Xue Qingwu , Jessup Kirk E. , Rudd Jackie C. , Liu Shuyu , Devkota Ravindra N. , Mahan James R. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTDrought is an important abiotic stress limiting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in the U.S. Southern High Plains. Although wheat breeding has improved drought tolerance in the area, the physiological traits conferring drought tolerance have not been well understood. Canopy temperature depression (CTD), the difference between air and canopy temperatures, has been suggested as a trait for identifying drought‐tolerant genotypes. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a higher CTD is one of the reasons for higher yield in new drought‐tolerant cultivars. Field experiments were conducted in five genotypes (TAM 111, TAM 112, TX86A5606, TX86A8072, and Dumas) under dryland conditions in 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 seasons. The canopy temperature was measured continuously from late jointing to the middle of grain filling, using wireless infrared thermometers. Although CTD varied with sky conditions, growth stage, and time of day, the genotypic variation in CTD was consistent. In general, yield was positively correlated to daytime CTD whether the CTD was used from a single clear day or a season‐long mean. However, including Dumas weakened the correlation under severe drought in 2012. The nighttime CTD was not correlated to yield. Two new cultivars (TAM 111 and TAM 112) had up to 2.7°C higher CTD and 31% more yield than other genotypes. Therefore, cooler daytime canopy might be the reason for higher yield in the two new and drought‐tolerant cultivars under drought conditions. Further studies are needed to understand the physiological bases of differences in CTD among genotypes.
Molecular and Morphological Variation in a World‐Wide Collection of Safflower
Authors: Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Zadhoush Soheila 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the oldest domesticated crops, mainly grown as oilseed in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. Wild relatives of safflower comprise several species distributed worldwide. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of safflower germplasm and to identify the relationships among some Carthamus species using intersimple sequence repeats (ISSR) and morphological characteristics. Genetic materials consisted of 102 accessions (from 46 different countries) from seven species of Carthamus, including cultivated C. tinctorius and wild species of C. lanatus, C. oxyacanthus, C. glaucus, C. boissieri, C. dentatus, and C. palaestinus. High levels of variation were found for morphological traits; especially seed yield and number of seeds per head. Morphological assessment and clustering could not completely categorize accessions with the related species. Molecular analysis revealed a total of 508 ISSR marker loci, of which 72% were polymorphic with a broad range of 14 to 25 amplified products per primer. Polymorphic information content values ranged from 0.19 to 0.45, with an average of 0.36. Cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCA) based on molecular data clearly separated accessions according to their species. As expected, C. palaestinus genotype were grouped together with genotypes of C. tinctorius. All genotypes of cultivated species were clustered into five subgroups, mainly based on their geographical distributions. The similarity coefficient between species ranged from 0.34 (between C. tinctorius and C. lanatus) to 0.90 (between C. tinctorius and C. palaestinus). The relationship among the regional gene pools of safflower was also discussed.
Vigor and Persistence of Birdsfoot Trefoil Populations Selected with or without an Orchardgrass Companion Evaluated in Grass Sod
Authors: Riday Heathcliffe , Charles Brummer E. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTForage legumes are often grown in mixtures with grass for grazing or harvested for hay or silage. Forage legume breeders often debate the necessity of incorporating grass competition into the breeding process, particularly when bred varieties will be used in mixture with grass. To address this debate, a two by two by two factorial of eight birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) populations were developed from selections of plants made at two nursery sites (Boone, IA, and Prairie du Sac, WI), out of two base cultivars (Norcen and WITT), and under two nursery treatments [orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) overseeded and no‐grass overseeded]. Space‐plants of the eight birdsfoot trefoil populations were transplanted directly into grass sod and evaluated for 4 yr for visual vigor (a proxy for biomass yield) and plant persistence. Persistence over time was measured using a linear model describing the decline in stand percentage per month. Overall, the four birdsfoot trefoil populations bred with a grass companion persisted better when transplanted into grass sod (slope −1.12% persistence mo−1) compared with the four birdsfoot trefoil population bred without a grass companion (slope −1.43% persistence mo−1). On average, only the WITT‐derived populations selected with a grass companion had superior visual vigor ratings when transplanted into sod compared with the WITT‐derived populations selected without a grass companion. This study provides evidence that selecting birdsfoot trefoil with an orchardgrass companion leads to more persistent birdsfoot trefoil varieties for use in grass mixtures compared with birdsfoot trefoil bred without a grass companion.
Application of Biotests in Cyanobacterial Extract Toxicity Assessment
Authors: Sierosławska Anna , Rymuszka Anna , Skowroński Tadeusz 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the toxicity of the extract obtained from the cyanobacterial cells derived from the waters of Zemborzycki dam reservoir with use of a battery of biotests. The taxonomic identiﬁcation of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria revealed high abundance of Aphanizomenon ﬂos-aquae and Dolichospermum spp. (Anabaena spp.) and in a lower degree of Microcystis aeruginosa and Planktothrix agardhii. In the extract obtained from concentrated cyanobacterial cells, hepatotoxin microcystin-LR at a concentration of 22.89 ± 3.74 μg/L and neurotoxin Antx-a at 13.02 ± 0.01 μg/L have been detected. Toxicity of the extract was evaluated with the following assays: Daphtoxkit F magna with the crustacean Daphnia magna, Thamnotoxkit F with the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus, Rotoxkit F with the rotifer Brachionus calyciﬂorus and Protoxkit F with ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. The most sensitive organism among all studied was T. platyurus for which EC50 was estimated to be 1.2% of the initial extract concentration. On the basis of the highest obtained value of the toxicity unit (TU = 83) the studied sample was classiﬁed to the IV class, which is of high acute toxicity. Additionally, it was found that reactivity on cyanobacterial products differs greatly among organisms used in bioassays, which indicate the need for using a set of biotests.
Enzymatic Activity and Certain Chemical Properties of Grey-Brown Podzolic Soil (Haplic Luvisol) Amended with Compost of Tobacco Wastes
Authors: Szwed Alicja , Bohacz Justyna 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The paper addresses the effect of a compost prepared from tobacco wastes with an admixture of bark and straw on the enzymatic activity and certain chemical properties of a grey-brown podzolic soil amended with that compost.
The study was conducted under the conditions of a pot experiment in which the soil material was collected from the surface horizon of the grey-brown podzolic soil. The effect of the application of the compost was compared with soil without such amendment. The test plant was maize cv. Kosmo 230. Fertilisation of the light soil with the compost studied caused changes in the enzymatic activity of the soil that were related both to the dose of the compost and to the kind of enzyme studied. With increase in the dose of the compost there was an increase in dehydrogenase activity (highest dose) and a signiﬁcant decrease in the activity of acid phosphatase. Moreover, it was observed that tobacco compost was a signiﬁcant source that enriched the light soil in organic matter, total nitrogen, and available forms of phosphorus, magnesium and potassium, which was evident in increased yields of maize grown as the test plant.
Signiﬁcant correlations were also demonstrated between a majority of the biochemical and chemical parameters, which indicates that those parameters characterise well the biological properties of a grey-brown podzolic soil amended with tobacco compost.
Analysis of the possibility of determining the internal structure of composite material by estimating its thermal diffusivity
Authors: Kucypera Stanisław 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The aim of this paper is analysis of the possibility of determining the internal structure of the fibrous composite material by estimating its thermal diffusivity. A thermal diffusivity of the composite material was determined by applying inverse heat conduction method and measurement data. The idea of the proposed method depends on measuring the timedependent temperature distribution at selected points of the sample and identification of the thermal diffusivity by solving a transient inverse heat conduction problem. The investigated system which was used for the identification of thermal parameters consists of two cylindrical samples, in which transient temperature field is forced by the electric heater located between them. The temperature response of the system is measured in the chosen point of sample. One dimensional discrete mathematical model of the transient heat conduction within the investigated sample has been formulated based on the control volume method. The optimal dynamic filtration method as solution of the inverse problem has been applied to identify unknown diffusivity of multi-layered fibrous composite material. Next using this thermal diffusivity of the composite material its internal structure was determined. The chosen results have been presented in the paper.
Influence of biomass cofiring on the optimal coefficient of the cogeneration share in a district heating system
Authors: Ziębik Andrzej , Gładysz Paweł 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The paper presents a modified algorithm for choosing the optimal coefficient of the share of cogeneration in district heating systems taking into account additional benefits concerning the promotion of highefficiency cogeneration and biomass cofiring. The optimal coefficient of the share of cogeneration depends first of all on the share of the heat required for preparing the hot tap water. The final result of investigations is an empirical equation describing the influence of the ratio of the heat flux for the production of hot tap water to the maximum flux for space heating and ventilation, as well as the share of chemical energy of biomass in the fuel mixture on the optimal value of the share of cogeneration in district heating systems. The approach presented in the paper may be applied both in back-pressure combined heat and power (CHP) plants and in extraction-condensing CHP plants.
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of An Adult Entrepreneurship Training Programme
Authors: Bennett Margaret , Barkhuizen Nicolene 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of an adult entrepreneurship training programme in a developing country such as Namibia. A cross-sectional research approach was followed with surveys distributed to a convenience sample of entrepreneurs (N= 102) who participated in the training programme. The results overall showed that the respondents benefitted to a large extent from the training programme. The training programme contributes amongst others to improved business performance and increased clients base for the respondents. The training methods used as part of the training programme are adequate and improved the respondents work attitude and overall entrepreneurial skills.
Investigation Of The Impact Of Networking Among Tenants In The Seda Limpopo Jewellery Incubator In South Africa
Authors: Chiromo Forbes , Muyengwa Goodwell , Makuvaza Joseph 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis study investigates the extent to which tenants in a jewellery incubator in the Limpopo Province of South Africa network. Since 1994 SEDA has set up more than 31 incubation centres in furniture making, construction, chemicals, jewellery, ICT, metal fabrication, agriculture and small scale mining. This study was done through a survey conducted on tenants in the SEDA Limpopo Jewellery Incubator (SLJI). Information was obtained through a structured questionnaire. The study revealed how tenants benefit from networking around exhibitions and collective purchasing of raw material. Through the Incubator institutional mechanisms, the study explains how tenants share expertise, experiences, technology and resources. Unfortunately the tenants do not initiate the own networking programmes. They lose out on benefits associated with collective effort in other areas such as advertisements, lobbying the government for industrial stands, organising an newsletter, hiring of consultants, and organising joint training programmes. Lastly the study identified opportunities that the tenants could collectively exploit in order strengthen and sustain their businesses.
Cultural Entrepreneurship – A Chance For The Creative Student
Authors: Grünwald Norbert , Heinrichs Michael 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCulture is part and parcel of life and civilization. It not only enriches us aesthetically, it is also an essential economic and strategic factor. In Germany in 2008, the turnover of this so-called economy of culture and creativity was EUR132b and included 210,000 companies with over one million employees. At around 25%, the proportion of self-employed individuals is extremely high. It is a business world in its own right. A trailblazer in a knowledge-oriented society. But arts, culture and creativity alone are no longer enough. For this reason, defining the requirements and competencies of those who intend to get involved in this difficult sector is crucial. With good training and well-defined curricula they will have the chance to operate more effectively and successfully in the creative/cultural value chain. Cultural and creative entrepreneurship means linking entrepreneurial policy and thinking to cultural and creative objectives. Driving forces include: personal initiative, creativity, innovation, and professional competence, to name just a few. Although these competencies are taught, the didactic approach must also take into account the economic process and structures and an evaluation of success or failure. It is these qualifications that contribute to one being a good cultural/creative entrepreneur and a spearhead in regional development. Don’t complain about not earning (enough) money. Think of ways to earn it.