bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) on the Quality of Sea Buckthorn Berry Fruits during Postharvest Storage
Authors: Li Jingyan , Song Wei , Barth M. Margaret , Zhuang Hong , Zhang Wenlong , Zhang Lanwei , Wang Li , Lu Weihong , Wang Zhenyu , Han Xue , Li Qi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality of the berry fruits of sea buckthorn (SBT) during refrigerated storage was investigated. SBT berries were packaged in 160 and 525 oxygen transmission rate (OTR) films or in vented clamshell containers (air control) and stored at 10C for 10 days. Changes in the quality of the berries were determined by the evaluation of their headspace composition, moisture content, dry weight, pH level, color, total soluble solids, texture and antioxidant activity. The results indicated that the 160 OTR film presented good competency to maintain a proper atmosphere for storage. Both the 160 and 525 OTR films showed better capability for retaining the firm and springy texture of the berries, as well as their weight. The total soluble solids of 160 OTR packed fruits remained a stable value. The pH of SBT berries packed in different films and control samples increased in general during storage compared with the initial pH of fruits. The antioxidant activity of the berries was higher in MAP samples, especially those in the 160 OTR packages.Practical ApplicationsThis is the first study on the storage characteristics of berry fruit of sea buckthorn (SBT) under modified atmosphere packaging conditions. Film of 160 oxygen transmission rate (OTR) effectively maintained the initial quality parameters and antioxidant activity of berries by slowing down the respiration intensity. It may be because 160 OTR provided excellent CO2/O2 exchange performance to supply a desired gaseous environment of berry fruit. Thus, 160 OTR could be used as a potential packaging film for SBT berry on maintaining fruit quality and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, 160 OTR to different food systems of vegetables, mushrooms and juicy fruits can greatly maintain the nutritional value, product quality and fresh supply. The results of the present study can also serve as an assistive technology combined with other preservation techniques such as ice temperature, controlled atmosphere storage and so on to achieve desirable storage performance.
Long‐distance transport of neonates with transposition of the great arteries for the arterial switch operation: A 26‐year Western Australian experience
Authors: Paul Saritha , Resnick Steven , Gardiner Katharine , Ramsay James M 
Published: November 2014

AimThere is evidence that outcomes of complex paediatric cardiac procedures including the arterial switch operation (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries (TGA) are improved when performed at higher volume centres. While in utero transport for surgery is considered ideal, antenatal detection rates of TGA are low. Long‐distance transport of post‐natally diagnosed neonates has the potential to destabilise the patient's clinical condition. Since 1986, many neonates with TGA have been transported interstate from Perth to Melbourne or Brisbane for ASO surgery. The aim of this study was to review the Western Australian experience of interstate transport of newborns with TGA for ASO, noting transport complications and comparing the early mortality of these patients with published outcomes of the ASO from Royal Children's Hospital (RCH), Melbourne.MethodIn this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the neonatal and cardiology databases and medical records to identify infants with TGA born between 1986 and 2011 and requiring ASO surgery during the neonatal period.ResultsOver 26 years, 80 neonates were transferred interstate for ASO surgery. Twelve infants required ventilation, 36 needed prostaglandin (prostaglandin E1) infusion and 3 inotropic support. There was no mortality during transport and there was a single early post‐operative death. This early mortality of 1.2% compares favourably with the RCH mortality of 2.8% from a recently published review of early outcomes for ASO.ConclusionsWhen in utero transport is not possible, long‐distance transport of neonates with TGA can be safely undertaken, with no evidence of increased transport mortality/ major morbidity or higher early surgical mortality.
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Chinese Yam Mild Mosaic Virus Isolates
Authors: Wang Mingqiang , Li Fan , Zhou Guohui , Lan Pingxiu , Xu Donglin , Li Ruhui 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn improved RT‐PCR was developed and validated for the detection of Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV). Sequences of the coat protein core region of 19 Chinese isolates were obtained, and analysis indicated the presence of different genetic variants. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the Chinese isolates were divided into two distinct clusters. Complete genomic sequences of two distinct Chinese variants were determined to be 9527 and 9529 nucleotides long, excluding the 3′ poly (A) tail. Their genomic structure and organization were virtually identical to that of a Brazilian isolate. The two variants shared identity of 87.3% to one another and 83.9–84.6% to the Brazilian variant at the genomic sequence level. Phylogenetic analyses supported that they represented two distinct YMMV lineages.
Premature Ejaculation is Associated with Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Bellastella Giuseppe , Maiorino Maria Ida , Olita Laura , Della Volpe Elisabetta , Giugliano Dario , Esposito Katherine 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common male sexual dysfunction. Its prevalence in Type 1 diabetes is unknown.

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of PE in Type 1 diabetes and the influence of glycemic control on ejaculatory function.

Methods
One hundred Type 1 diabetic male patients (age &lt; 40 years) and 51 age-matched nondiabetic control subjects were evaluated for PE. A subgroup of 30 diabetic patients (20 with PE and 10 without) were also evaluated for blood glucose variability.

Main Outcome Measures
The presence of PE was assessed with the premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT) and the self-estimated intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT). Glucose variability was evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring for a 7-day period with a DexCom G4 CGM system: the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGEs), low (LBGI) and high (HBGI) blood glucose indices, and the standard deviation of blood glucose (BGSD) were calculated.

Results
PE prevalence did not differ significantly between the two groups: pathological values of the PEDT score (&gt;8) and IELT score (&lt;1 minute) were recorded in 24 out of 100 diabetic patients (24%) and in 12 out of 51 controls (23.5%). There were significant associations between hemoglobin A1c and the PEDT score (r = 0.27; P = 0.006) and IELT (r = −0.3; P = 0.01). In the subgroup assessed for glucose variability, the PEDT score was associated with LBGI (r = 0.43; P = 0.01), but not with BGSD (r = 0.1, P = 0.6), MAGE (r = −0.1; P = 0.4), or HBGI (r = 0.1; P = 0.6).

Conclusions
Our results show a similar prevalence of PE in young male patients with Type 1 diabetes and in the age-matched control population; in diabetic patients with PE, a higher glycemic variability in the hypoglycemic domain is significantly associated with the PEDT score.
NanoSIMS analysis of organic carbon from the Tissint Martian meteorite: Evidence for the past existence of subsurface organic‐bearing fluids on Mars
Authors: Lin Yangting , El Goresy Ahmed , Hu Sen , Zhang Jianchao , Gillet Philippe , Xu Yuchen , Hao Jialong , Miyahara Masaaki , Ouyang Ziyuan , Ohtani Eiji , Xu Lin , Yang Wei , Feng Lu , Zhao Xuchao , Yang Jing , Ozawa Shin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTwo petrographic settings of carbonaceous components, mainly filling open fractures and occasionally enclosed in shock‐melt veins, were found in the recently fallen Tissint Martian meteorite. The presence in shock‐melt veins and the deuterium enrichments (δD up to +1183‰) of these components clearly indicate a pristine Martian origin. The carbonaceous components are kerogen‐like, based on micro‐Raman spectra and multielemental ratios, and were probably deposited from fluids in shock‐induced fractures in the parent rock of Tissint. After precipitation of the organic matter, the rock experienced another severe shock event, producing the melt veins that encapsulated a part of the organic matter. The C isotopic compositions of the organic matter (δ13C = −12.8 to −33.1‰) are significantly lighter than Martian atmospheric CO2 and carbonate, providing a tantalizing hint for a possible biotic process. Alternatively, the organic matter could be derived from carbonaceous chondrites, as insoluble organic matter from the latter has similar chemical and isotopic compositions. The presence of organic‐rich fluids that infiltrated rocks near the surface of Mars has significant implications for the study of Martian paleoenvironment and perhaps to search for possible ancient biological activities on Mars.
Identification of NoxD/Pro41 as the homologue of the p22phoxNADPH oxidase subunit in fungi
Authors: Lacaze Isabelle , Lalucque Hervé , Siegmund Ulrike , Silar Philippe , Brun Sylvain 
Published: November 2014

SummaryNADPH oxidases (Nox) are membrane complexes that produce O2−. Researches in mammals, plants and fungi highlight the involvement of Nox‐generated ROS in cell proliferation, differentiation and defense. In mammals, the core enzyme gp91phox/Nox2 is associated with p22phox forming the flavocytochrome b558 ready for activation by a cytosolic complex. Intriguingly, no homologue of the p22phox gene has been found in fungal genomes, questioning how the flavoenzyme forms. Using whole genome sequencing combined with phylogenetic analysis and structural studies, we identify the fungal p22phox homologue as being mutated in the Podospora anserina mutant IDC509. Functional studies show that the fungal p22phox, PaNoxD, acts along PaNox1, but not PaNox2, a second fungal gp91phox homologue. Finally, cytological analysis of functional tagged versions of PaNox1, PaNoxD and PaNoxR shows clear co‐localization of PaNoxD and PaNox1 and unravel a dynamic assembly of the complex in the endoplasmic reticulum and in the vacuolar system.
Aspergillus fumigatus devoid of cell wall β‐1,3‐glucan is viable, massively sheds galactomannan and is killed by septum formation inhibitors
Authors: Dichtl Karl , Samantaray Sweta , Aimanianda Vishukumar , Zhu Zhaojun , Prévost Marie‐Christine , Latgé Jean‐Paul , Ebel Frank , Wagener Johannes 
Published: November 2014

SummaryEchinocandins inhibit β‐1,3‐glucan synthesis and are one of the few antimycotic drug classes effective against Aspergillus spp. In this study, we characterized the β‐1,3‐glucan synthase Fks1 of Aspergillus fumigatus, the putative target of echinocandins. Data obtained with a conditional mutant suggest that fks1 is not essential. In agreement, we successfully constructed a viable Δfks1 deletion mutant. Lack of Fks1 results in characteristic growth phenotypes similar to wild type treated with echinocandins and an increased susceptibility to calcofluor white and sodium dodecyl sulfate. In agreement with Fks1 being the only β‐1,3‐glucan synthase in A. fumigatus, the cell wall is devoid of β‐1,3‐glucan. This is accompanied by a compensatory increase of chitin and galactosaminogalactan and a significant decrease in cell wall galactomannan due to a massively enhanced galactomannan shedding. Our data furthermore suggest that inhibition of hyphal septation can overcome the limitations of echinocandin therapy. Compounds inhibiting septum formation boosted the antifungal activity of caspofungin. Thus, development of clinically applicable inhibitors of septum formation is a promising strategy to improve existing antifungal therapy.
CYP116B5: a new class VII catalytically self‐sufficient cytochrome P450 from Acinetobacter radioresistens that enables growth on alkanes
Authors: Minerdi Daniela , Sadeghi Sheila J. , Di Nardo Giovanna , Rua Francesco , Castrignanò Silvia , Allegra Paola , Gilardi Gianfranco 
Published: November 2014

SummaryA gene coding for a class VII cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP116B5) was identified from Acinetobacter radioresistens S13 growing on media with medium (C14, C16) and long (C24, C36) chain alkanes as the sole energy source. Phylogenetic analysis of its N‐ and C‐terminal domains suggests an evolutionary model involving a plasmid‐mediated horizontal gene transfer from the donor Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 to the receiving A. radioresistens S13. This event was followed by fusion and integration of the new gene in A. radioresistens chromosome. Heterologous expression of CYP116B5 in Escherichia coli BL21, together with the A. radioresistens Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase, allowed the recombinant bacteria to grow on long‐ and medium‐chain alkanes, showing that CYP116B5 is involved in the first step of terminal oxidation of medium‐chain alkanes overlapping AlkB and in the first step of sub‐terminal oxidation of long‐chain alkanes. It was also demonstrated that CYP116B5 is a self‐sufficient cytochrome P450 consisting of a heme domain (aa 1–392) involved in the oxidation step of n‐alkanes degradation, and its reductase domain (aa 444–758) comprising the NADPH‐, FMN‐ and [2Fe2S]‐binding sites. To our knowledge, CYP116B5 is the first member of this class to have its natural substrate and function identified.
Hydrogen breath test in patients with severe constipation: the interference of the mixing of intestinal content
Authors: Di Stefano M. , Mengoli C. , Bergonzi M. , Miceli E. , Pagani E. , Corazza G. R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnostic accuracy of the hydrogen (H2) breath test might be reduced by the release of preformed H2, trapped in hard stools. Test solution ingestion might induce the mixing of colonic content and a false positive result. We studied severely constipated patients, at diagnosis and after the normalization of bowel function, to clarify whether this mechanism affects test results.MethodsTwenty functional constipated patients, 10 consecutive patients with functional diarrhea and 10 healthy volunteers underwent (i) a H2 breath test after lactulose, to exclude differences among the groups in fermenting capacity; (ii) breath H2 excretion monitoring after non‐absorbable, non‐fermentable PEG‐electrolyte solution, to exclude the role of the delivery to the colon of preexisting fermentable substrates or of the release of preformed H2 entrapped in the feces; (iii) H2 measurement during a 7‐h fasting period, to exclude the role of spontaneous variations of breath gas excretion; and (iv) breath H2 excretion monitoring after PEG, after normalization of bowel function.Key ResultsAll the subjects excreted similar amounts of H2 after lactulose. After PEG, only severely constipated patients showed significant breath H2 excretion, theoretically able to induce a false positivity of the lactose breath test in 70% of patients and a false positivity of glucose breath tests in 50% of patients. Breath H2 excretion after PEG disappeared if fecal consistency improved after therapy.Conclusions & InferencesSeverely constipated patients may harbor preformed gas in hard stools which can be released when mixing of the intestinal content is induced. This mechanism may interfere with breath test results.
The quest for biomarkers in IBS—where should it lead us?
Authors: Corsetti M. , Van Oudenhove L. , Tack J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder which represents a major cost to health‐care services. The diagnosis of IBS is currently performed by means of symptom‐based diagnostic criteria, but there has been an ongoing interest in developing biomarkers which could simplify the diagnosis and/or evaluating the effect of treatments. This article reviews the current literature concerning the proposed biomarkers including those of altered gut motility, of visceral hypersensitivity, of abnormal brain mechanisms, of serum, fecal and mucosal inflammation and of increased intestinal permeability.
Natural variation for anthocyanin accumulation under high‐light and low‐temperature stress is attributable to the ENHANCER OF AG‐4 2 (HUA2) locus in combination with PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT1 (PAP1) and PAP2
Authors: Ilk Nadine , Ding Jia , Ihnatowicz Anna , Koornneef Maarten , Reymond Matthieu 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Growing conditions combining high light intensities and low temperatures lead to anthocyanin accumulation in plants. This response was contrasted between two Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, which were used to decipher the genetic and molecular bases underlying the variation of this response.

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for flowering time (FT) and anthocyanin accumulation under a high‐light and low‐temperature scenario versus a control environment were mapped. Major QTLs were confirmed using near‐isogenic lines. Candidate genes were examined using mutants and gene expression studies as well as transgenic complementation.

Several QTLs were found for FT and for anthocyanin content, of which one QTL co‐located at the ENHANCER OF AG‐4 2 (HUA2) locus. That HUA2 is a regulator of both pathways was confirmed by the analysis of loss‐of‐function mutants. For a strong expression of anthocyanin, additional allelic variation was detected for the PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT1 (PAP1) and PAP2 genes which control the anthocyanin pathway.

The genetic control of variation for anthocyanin content was dissected in A. thaliana and shown to be affected by a common regulator of flowering and anthocyanin biosynthesis together with anthocyanin‐specific regulators.
Impulsivity and the association between the feedback‐related negativity and performance on an inhibitory control task in young at‐risk children
Authors: Roos Leslie E. , Pears Katherine , Bruce Jacqueline , Kim Hyoun K. , Fisher Philip A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIdentifying neurocognitive processes associated with effective inhibitory control is particularly relevant for individuals at high risk for disruptive behaviors, such as maltreated children. Performance feedback processing during a flanker task was investigated in maltreated preschool‐aged children (N = 67) via an event‐related potential component, the feedback‐related negativity (FRN). The functionality of the FRN in children with high impulsivity was of interest, as impulsivity was associated with an exaggerated FRN in previous research. Results showed that high impulsivity was associated with an exaggerated FRN and greater post‐error slowing. For children with high impulsivity, there was a correlation between the FRN and accuracy, which was not found in children with low impulsivity. This suggests that an exaggerated FRN is particularly important for children with high impulsivity to maintain effective inhibitory control.
Magnesium physiology and clinical therapy in veterinary critical care
Authors: Humphrey Sarah , Kirby Rebecca , Rudloff Elke 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo review magnesium physiology including absorption, excretion, and function within the body, causes of magnesium abnormalities, and the current applications of magnesium monitoring and therapy in people and animals.EtiologyMagnesium plays a pivotal role in energy production and specific functions in every cell in the body. Disorders of magnesium can be correlated with severity of disease, length of hospital stay, and recovery of the septic patient. Hypermagnesemia is seen infrequently in people and animals with significant consequences reported. Hypomagnesemia is more common in critically ill people and animals, and can be associated with platelet, immune system, neurological, and cardiovascular dysfunction as well as alterations in insulin responsiveness and electrolyte imbalance.DiagnosisMeasurement of serum ionized magnesium in critically or chronically ill veterinary patients is practical and provides information necessary for stabilization and treatment. Tissue magnesium concentrations may be assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as through the application of fluorescent dye techniques.TherapyMagnesium infusions may play a therapeutic role in reperfusion injury, myocardial ischemia, cerebral infarcts, systemic inflammatory response syndromes, tetanus, digitalis toxicity, bronchospasms, hypercoagulable states, and as an adjunct to specific anesthetic or analgesic protocols. Further veterinary studies are needed to establish the frequency and importance of magnesium disorders in animals and the potential benefit of magnesium infusions as a therapeutic adjunct to specific diseases.PrognosisThe prognosis for most patients with magnesium disorders is variable and largely dependent on the underlying cause of the disorder.
Salmonella
Evades
d
-Amino Acid Oxidase To Promote Infection in Neutrophils
Authors: Tuinema Brian R. , Reid-Yu Sarah A. , Coombes Brian K. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Neutrophils engulf and kill bacteria using oxidative and nonoxidative mechanisms. Despite robust antimicrobial activity, neutrophils are impaired in directing
Salmonella
clearance and harbor viable intracellular bacteria during early stages of infection that can subsequently escape to more-permissive cell types. The mechanisms accounting for this immune impairment are not understood. We report that
Salmonella
limits exposure to oxidative damage elicited by
d
-amino acid oxidase (DAO) in neutrophils by expressing an ABC importer specific for
d
-alanine, a DAO substrate found in peptidoglycan stem peptides. A
Salmonella dalS
mutant defective for
d
-alanine import was more susceptible to killing by DAO through exposure to greater oxidative stress during infection. This fitness defect was reversed by selective depletion of neutrophils or by inhibition of DAO
in vivo
with a small-molecule inhibitor. DalS-mediated subversion of neutrophil DAO is a novel host-pathogen interaction that enhances
Salmonella
survival during systemic infection.

IMPORTANCE
Neutrophils engulf
Salmonella
during early stages of infection, but bacterial killing is incomplete. Very little is known about how
Salmonella
survives in neutrophils to gain access to other cell types during infection. In this study, we show that
d
-amino acid oxidase (DAO) in neutrophils consumes
d
-alanine and that importing this substrate protects
Salmonella
from oxidative killing by neutrophil DAO. Loss of this importer results in increased bacterial killing
in vitro
, in neutrophils, and in a mouse model of infection, all phenotypes that are lost upon inhibition of DAO. These findings add mechanistic insight into a novel host-pathogen interaction that has consequences on infection outcome.