bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copula lucentia sp. nov., a new box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida) from Western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Fonfría Eva S. , Straehler-Pohl Ilka , Stampar Sérgio N. , Collins Allen G. , Hoverd William Alan , Bordehore Cesar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA new species of box jellyfish, Copula lucentia sp. nov., is described from El Campello, Spain, and compared to the holotype of Copula sivickisi that was successfully recovered after being lost for almost 60 years. So far, the only cubozoan species recorded in the Western Mediterranean was Carybdea marsupialis. The genus Copula just included the type species (Copula sivickisi) reported from different localities in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Morphologically, this new species possesses the typical characteristics of the genus Copula (four adhesive pads on the apex and a vertical keyhole-shaped rhopalial niche ostium) but it can be differentiated from the C. sivickisi holotype by the velarial canal pattern. In C. lucentia sp. nov., the velarial canal roots taper towards the velarial rim and each root bears one to two narrow triangular canals with sharp tips, resembling a bird beak. In contrast, the velarial canal roots of C. sivickisi bear two short, broad canals that increase breadth towards the velarial rim and split up into three- to six-lobed, finger-like canals with rounded tips, giving the canal pattern a paw-like appearance. Molecular analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and nuclear 16S ribosomal DNA genes confirm the distinction of the new species and show that there are even more Copula species than expected, but which will not be focused on here. This study highlights not only that there are species yet to be discovered in the Mediterranean Sea but that a revision of the genus Copula is necessary.
Space-borne DInSAR measurements exploitation for risk classification of bridge networks
Authors: Miano Andrea , Mele Annalisa , Silla Michela , Bonano Manuela , Striano Pasquale , Lanari Riccardo , Di Ludovico Marco , Prota Andrea 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExisting bridges constitute essential infrastructures of land transport and communications routes worldwide. They are often outdated and vulnerable; for this reason, monitoring and safety should be ensured for their use. The reduced economic and technical resources lead to the necessity of defining intelligent monitoring strategies for the preliminary classification of the infrastructures to establish an order of priority for executing more in-depth checks, verifications, and interventions. In this context, earth monitoring through satellite remote sensing has become a fundamental research topic in the last decades. This technique allows to obtain innumerable information on the temporal and spatial evolution of displacements at a territorial scale by means of the observation of wide deformation phenomena such as subsidence, landslides, and settlements. Furthermore, at a smaller scale, as in the case of a single bridge, the use of high spatial resolution and high sampling rate data could be crucial in civil engineering scenarios to carry on a preliminary structural monitoring of a road, railway network, or a single bridge. This work proposes a procedure for a large-scale analysis for the monitoring of an entire road network, based on remote sensing Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). The capability of the procedure is investigated on a network of 68 bridges, using deformation measurements derived from satellite remote sensing, where large stacks of ascending and descending Differential SAR Interferometry DInSAR data products were available. A Risk Class is estimated for each bridge based on the deformation analysis, considering the potential phenomena at both territorial and local scales. Based on such a Risk Class, the stakeholders can define most critical bridges as well as more in-depth monitoring strategies.
Child Maltreatment: To Report or Not to Report? It’s More Complex than That
Authors: Vollmer-Sandholm Mary Jo , Myhre Arne Kristian , Albæk Ane Ugland , Stray-Pedersen Arne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChild maltreatment (CM) is a widespread problem, contributing to health and societal difficulties often throughout the lifespan. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) who see potential warning signs for CM are responsible for protecting the child from future harm, which may involve alerting the authorities. The decision-making is challenging as unwarranted reporting may lead to mistrust and not benefit the child. We sought to explore what factors might influence HCPs’ decisions to report suspected CM in a Norwegian sample. Using a cross-sectional survey among HCPs in Norwegian hospitals with pediatric wards, we presented five case vignettes describing different probabilities of CM and variables assessing experience, knowledge, and confidence. A total of 382 HCPs completed the survey. Despite recognizing warning signs for CM in the case vignettes, a large proportion were reluctant to report to authorities. Recognition of CM and expressed willingness to report four or all five of the case vignettes (high reporters) was associated with the profession, knowledge, experience, and confidence in handling CM cases. Expressed confidence in performing physical examinations for physical or sexual abuse and talking with parents about abuse was significantly associated with high reporting (OR 2.3 to 17.8). Qualitative data further supported the role of self-efficacy. In summary, reporting to the authorities is an important but complex aspect in cases of suspected CM, but many HCPs relate that they fail to do so. This study indicates reporting suspicion of CM is correlated with self-efficacy and knowledge among HCPs, which should inform educational, social, and policy decisions.
Spinal scoliosis: insights into developmental mechanisms and animal models
Authors: Yan Chongnan , Jin Guoxin , Li Lei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Spinal scoliosis, a prevalent spinal deformity impacting both physical and mental well-being, has a significant genetic component, though the exact pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of current research on embryonic spinal development, focusing on the genetic and biological intricacies governing axial elongation and straightening. Zebrafish, a vital model in developmental biology, takes a prominent role in understanding spinal scoliosis. Insights from zebrafish studies illustrate genetic and physiological aspects, including notochord development and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, revealing the anomalies contributing to scoliosis. In this review, we acknowledge existing challenges, such as deciphering the unique dynamics of human spinal development, variations in physiological curvature, and disparities in cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Further, we emphasize the need for caution when extrapolating findings to humans and for future research to bridge current knowledge gaps. We hope that this review will be a beneficial frame of reference for the guidance of future studies on animal models and genetic research for spinal scoliosis.
“An Acre of Land to Plant or a Stick of Wood to Make a Fence or Fire”: An Archaeology of Mohegan Allotment
Authors: Cipolla Craig N. , Quinn James , Levy Jay 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Although land loss is among the most profound impacts that settler colonialism had for Indigenous societies across North America, archaeologists rarely study one of the principal colonial mechanisms of land dispossession: allotment. This process forever altered the course of North American history, breaking up collectively held Indigenous lands into lots “owned” by individuals and families while further stressing local Indigenous subsistence patterns, social relations, political organization, and more. Archaeology's long-term, material, and sometimes collaborative vantage stands to offer insights on this process and how it played out for Indigenous peoples in different times and places. As its case study, this article considers the allotment of Mohegan lands in southeastern Connecticut (USA). An archaeology of Mohegan allotment speaks to more than land loss and cultural change. It provides evidence of an enduring and long-term Indigenous presence on the land; of the challenges faced and overcome by Mohegan peoples living through, and with, settler colonialism; and of the nuances of Indigenous-colonial archaeological records. This study also shows the importance of Indigenous and collaborative archaeologies for shedding new light on these challenging but important archaeological traces.
Multiple Ionospheric Descending Layers Over Arecibo
Authors: Selvaraj D. , Sivakandan Mani , Sulzer Michael P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObservations using Arecibo Observatory's highly sensitive Incoherent Scattering Radar (AO‐ISR) show ionospheric descending layers from as high as ∼400 km, much higher than earlier studies, with continuity down to 90 km. The AO‐ISR was operated to observe the ion‐line and plasma‐line with coded‐long‐pulse for high temporal and spatial resolution of 35/10 s and 300 m, respectively, during 01–06 February 2019. We found multiple layering structures descending from 400 to 90 km in all these six days. These layers are traditionally called intermediate descending layers (IDLs) (>130 km and below F‐peak), upper semi‐diurnal daytime and nighttime layers (110–130 km), and lower diurnal layers (<110 km). We have denoted the new daytime descending layers above the hmF2 as top‐side descending layers (TDLs). All these layers are collectively named ionospheric descending layers (IonDLs) since all of them are connected with some discontinuity at the F1‐peak (i.e., 170 km), except for the daytime lower‐diurnal layer. The most pronounced IonDLs occur in the twilight times. IonDLs mainly occur in shear zones of the vertical ion drifts and are favored by downward ion drifts, and their descent speeds increase with increasing altitude. The estimated phase velocities of the waves in the F‐region are comparable with the descending speed of the IonDLs. Furthermore, IonDLs/IDLs occur with and without spread‐F events but intensified spread‐F events raise their beginning altitude. The TDLs and IDLs are driven by gravity waves with periods of 1.5–4 hr.
A 30 m Global Flood Inundation Model for Any Climate Scenario
Authors: Wing Oliver E. J. , Bates Paul D. , Quinn Niall D. , Savage James T. S. , Uhe Peter F. , Cooper Anthony , Collings Thomas P. , Addor Nans , Lord Natalie S. , Hatchard Simbi , Hoch Jannis M. , Bates Joe , Probyn Izzy , Himsworth Sam , Rodríguez González Josué , Brine Malcolm P. , Wilkinson Hamish , Sampson Christopher C. , Smith Andrew M. , Neal Jeffrey C. , Haigh Ivan D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlobal flood mapping has developed rapidly over the past decade, but previous approaches have limited scope, function, and accuracy. These limitations restrict the applicability and fundamental science questions that can be answered with existing model frameworks. Harnessing recently available data and modeling methods, this paper presents a new global ∼30 m resolution Global Flood Map (GFM) with complete coverage of fluvial, pluvial, and coastal perils, for any return period or climate scenario, including accounting for uncertainty. With an extensive compilation of global benchmark case studies—ranging from locally collected event water levels, to national inventories of engineering flood maps—we execute a comprehensive validation of the new GFM. For flood extent comparisons, we demonstrate that the GFM achieves a critical success index of ∼0.75. In the more discriminatory tests of flood water levels, the GFM deviates from observations by ∼0.6 m on average. Results indicating this level of global model fidelity are unprecedented in the literature. With an optimistic scenario of future warming (SSP1‐2.6), we show end‐of‐century global flood hazard (average annual inundation volume) increases are limited to 9% (likely range ‐6%–29%); this is within the likely climatological uncertainty of −8%–12% in the current hazard estimate. In contrast, pessimistic scenario (SSP5‐8.5) hazard changes emerge from the background noise in the 2040s, rising to a 49% (likely range of 7%–109%) increase by 2100. This work verifies the fitness‐for‐purpose of this new‐generation GFM for impact analyses with a variety of beneficial applications across policymaking, planning, and commercial risk assessment.
Volumetric Reconstruction of Ionospheric Electric Currents From Tri‐Static Incoherent Scatter Radar Measurements
Authors: Reistad J. P. , Hatch S. M. , Laundal K. M. , Oksavik K. , Zettergren M. , Vanhamäki H. , Virtanen I. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe present a new technique for the upcoming tri‐static incoherent scatter radar system EISCAT 3D (E3D) to perform a volumetric reconstruction of the 3D ionospheric electric current density vector field, focusing on the feasibility of the E3D system. The input to our volumetric reconstruction technique are estimates of the 3D current density perpendicular to the main magnetic field, j⊥, and its covariance, to be obtained from E3D observations based on two main assumptions: (a) Ions fully magnetized above the E region, set to 200 km here. (b) Electrons fully magnetized above the base of our domain, set to 90 km. In this way, j⊥ estimates are obtained without assumptions about the neutral wind field, allowing it to be subsequently determined. The volumetric reconstruction of the full 3D current density is implemented as vertically coupled horizontal layers represented by Spherical Elementary Current Systems with a built‐in current continuity constraint. We demonstrate that our technique is able to retrieve the three dimensional nature of the currents in our idealized setup, taken from a simulation of an active auroral ionosphere using the Geospace Environment Model of Ion‐Neutral Interactions (GEMINI). The vertical current is typically less constrained than the horizontal, but we outline strategies for improvement by utilizing additional data sources in the inversion. The ability to reconstruct the neutral wind field perpendicular to the magnetic field in the E region is demonstrated to mostly be within ±50 m/s in a limited region above the radar system in our setup.
Interpretable Multiscale Machine Learning‐Based Parameterizations of Convection for ICON
Authors: Heuer Helge , Schwabe Mierk , Gentine Pierre , Giorgetta Marco A. , Eyring Veronika 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMachine learning (ML)‐based parameterizations have been developed for Earth System Models (ESMs) with the goal to better represent subgrid‐scale processes or to accelerate computations. ML‐based parameterizations within hybrid ESMs have successfully learned subgrid‐scale processes from short high‐resolution simulations. However, most studies used a particular ML method to parameterize the subgrid tendencies or fluxes originating from the compound effect of various small‐scale processes (e.g., radiation, convection, gravity waves) in mostly idealized settings or from superparameterizations. Here, we use a filtering technique to explicitly separate convection from these processes in simulations with the Icosahedral Non‐hydrostatic modeling framework (ICON) in a realistic setting and benchmark various ML algorithms against each other offline. We discover that an unablated U‐Net, while showing the best offline performance, learns reverse causal relations between convective precipitation and subgrid fluxes. While we were able to connect the learned relations of the U‐Net to physical processes this was not possible for the non‐deep learning‐based Gradient Boosted Trees. The ML algorithms are then coupled online to the host ICON model. Our best online performing model, an ablated U‐Net excluding precipitating tracer species, indicates higher agreement for simulated precipitation extremes and mean with the high‐resolution simulation compared to the traditional scheme. However, a smoothing bias is introduced both in water vapor path and mean precipitation. Online, the ablated U‐Net significantly improves stability compared to the non‐ablated U‐Net and runs stable for the full simulation period of 180 days. Our results hint to the potential to significantly reduce systematic errors with hybrid ESMs.
Bio-inspired micropatterned thermochromic hydrogel for concurrent smart solar transmission and rapid visible-light stealth at all-working temperatures
Authors: Liang Huaxu , Zhang Xinping , Wang Fuqiang , Li Chunzhe , Yuan Weizhe , Meng Weifeng , Cheng Ziming , Dong Yan , Shi Xuhang , Yan Yuying , Yi Hongliang , Shuai Yong , Long Yi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThermochromic hydrogels exhibit a smart capacity for regulating solar spectrum transmission, enabling automatically change their transmissivity in response to the ambient temperature change. This has great importance for energy conservation purposes. Military and civilian emergency thermochromic applications require rapid visible-light stealth (VLS); however, concurrent smart solar transmission and rapid VLS is yet to be realized. Inspired by squid-skin, we propose a micropatterned thermochromic hydrogel (MTH) to realize the concurrent control of smart solar transmittance and rapid VLS at all-working temperatures. The MTH possesses two optical regulation mechanisms: optical property regulation and optical scattering, controlled by temperature and pressure, respectively. The introduced surface micropattern strategy can arbitrarily switch between normal and diffuse transmission, and the VLS response time is within 1 s compared with previous ~180 s. The MTH also has a high solar-transmission regulation range of 61%. Further, the MTH preparation method is scalable and cost-effective. This novel regulation mechanism opens a new pathway towards applications with multifunctional optical requirements.
Neoplastic ICAM-1 protects lung carcinoma from apoptosis through ligation of fibrinogen
Authors: Wang ShiHui , Wang JunLei , Liu Cui , Yang Lei , Tan XuanQian , Chen ShiYang , Xue Yun , Ji HongBin , Ge GaoXiang , Chen JianFeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is frequently overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and associated with poor prognosis. However, the mechanism underlying the negative effects of neoplastic ICAM-1 remains obscure. Herein, we demonstrate that the survival of NSCLC cells but not normal human bronchial epithelial cells requires an anti-apoptosis signal triggered by fibrinogen γ chain (FGG)–ICAM-1 interaction. ICAM-1–FGG ligation preserves the tyrosine phosphorylation of ICAM-1 cytoplasmic domain and its association with SHP-2, and subsequently promotes Akt and ERK1/2 activation but suppresses JNK and p38 activation. Abolishing ICAM-1–FGG interaction induces NSCLC cell death by activating caspase-9/3 and significantly inhibits tumor development in a mouse xenograft model. Finally, we developed a monoclonal antibody against ICAM-1–FGG binding motif, which blocks ICAM-1‒FGG interaction and effectively suppresses NSCLC cell survival in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Thus, suppressing ICAM-1–FGG axis provides a potential strategy for NSCLC targeted therapy.
Unified momentum model for rotor aerodynamics across operating regimes
Authors: Liew Jaime , Heck Kirby S. , Howland Michael F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite substantial growth in wind energy technology in recent decades, aerodynamic modeling of wind turbines relies on momentum models derived in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which are well-known to break down under flow regimes in which wind turbines often operate. This gap in theoretical modeling for rotors that are misaligned with the inflow and also for high-thrust rotors has resulted in the development of numerous empirical corrections which are widely applied in textbooks, research articles, and open-source and industry design codes. This work reports a Unified Momentum Model to efficiently predict power production, thrust force, and wake dynamics of rotors under arbitrary inflow angles and thrust coefficients without empirical corrections. The Unified Momentum Model is additionally coupled with a blade element model to enable blade element momentum modeling predictions of wind turbines in high thrust coefficient and yaw misaligned states without using corrections for these states. This Unified Momentum Model can form a new basis for wind turbine modeling, design, and control tools from first principles and may enable further development of innovations necessary for increased wind production and reliability to respond to 21st century climate change challenges.
Generative models struggle with kirigami metamaterials
Authors: Felsch Gerrit , Slesarenko Viacheslav 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenerative machine learning models have shown notable success in identifying architectures for metamaterials—materials whose behavior is determined primarily by their internal organization—that match specific target properties. By examining kirigami metamaterials, in which dependencies between cuts yield complex design restrictions, we demonstrate that this perceived success in the employment of generative models for metamaterials might be akin to survivorship bias. We assess the performance of the four most popular generative models—the Variational Autoencoder (VAE), the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), the Wasserstein GAN (WGAN), and the Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM)—in generating kirigami structures. Prohibiting cut intersections can prevent the identification of an appropriate similarity measure for kirigami metamaterials, significantly impacting the effectiveness of VAE and WGAN, which rely on the Euclidean distance—a metric shown to be unsuitable for considered geometries. This imposes significant limitations on employing modern generative models for the creation of diverse metamaterials.
Cryopreserved nanostructured fibrin-agarose hydrogels are efficient and safe hemostatic agents
Authors: Casado Carlos , Cepeda-Franco Carmen , Pereira Arenas Sheila , Suarez Maria Dolores , Gómez-Bravo Miguel Ángel , Alaminos Miguel , Chato-Astrain Jesús , Fernández-Muñoz Beatriz , Campos-Cuerva Rafael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUncontrolled bleeding during surgery is associated with high mortality and prolonged hospital stay, necessitating the use of hemostatic agents. Fibrin sealant patches offer an efficient solution to achieve hemostasis and improve patient outcomes in liver resection surgery. We have previously demonstrated the efficacy of a nanostructured fibrin-agarose hydrogel (NFAH). However, for the widespread distribution and commercialization of the product, it is necessary to develop an optimal preservation method that allows for prolonged stability and facilitates storage and distribution. We investigated cryopreservation as a potential method for preserving NFAH using trehalose. Structural changes in cryopreserved NFAH (Cryo-NFAH) were investigated and comparative in vitro and in vivo efficacy and safety studies were performed with freshly prepared NFAH. We also examined the long-term safety of Cryo-NFAH versus TachoSil in a rat partial hepatectomy model, including time to hemostasis, intra-abdominal adhesion, hepatic hematoma, inflammatory factors, histopathological variables, temperature and body weight, hemocompatibility and cytotoxicity. Structural analyses demonstrated that Cryo-NFAH retained most of its macro- and microscopic properties after cryopreservation. Likewise, hemostatic efficacy assays showed no significant differences with fresh NFAH. Safety evaluations indicated that Cryo-NFAH had a similar overall profile to TachoSil up to 40 days post-surgery in rats. In addition, Cryo-NFAH demonstrated superior hemostatic efficacy compared with TachoSil while also demonstrating lower levels of erythrolysis and cytotoxicity than both TachoSil and other commercially available hemostatic agents. These results indicate that Cryo-NFAH is highly effective hemostatic patch with a favorable safety and tolerability profile, supporting its potential for clinical use.