bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appearance of cholinergic myenteric neurons during enteric nervous system development: comparison of different ChAT fluorescent mouse reporter lines
Authors: Erickson C. S. , Lee S. J. , Barlow‐Anacker A. J. , Druckenbrod N. R. , Epstein M. L. , Gosain A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundCholinergic neurons have been identified with the acetylcholine synthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). However, ChAT is difficult to localize in newly differentiated peripheral neurons making the study of cholinergic neuronal development problematic. Consequently, researchers have used mouse reporter lines to indicate the presence of ChAT.MethodsOur objective was to determine which ChAT reporter line was the most sensitive indicator of ChAT expression. We utilized two different fluorescent ChAT reporter lines (ChAT‐GFP and ChAT‐Cre;R26R:floxSTOP:tdTomato) together with immunolocalization of ChAT protein (ChAT‐IR) to characterize the spatial and temporal expression of ChAT in myenteric neurons throughout enteric nervous system (ENS) development.Key ResultsChAT‐IR cells were first seen in the intestine at E10.5, even within the migration wavefront of neural precursors. Myenteric neurons within the distal small intestine (dSI) and proximal colon were first labeled by ChAT‐IR, then ChAT‐GFP, and finally ChAT‐Cre tdTomato. The percentage of ChAT‐IR neurons is equivalent to adult levels in the dSI by E13.5 and proximal colon by P0. After these stages, the percentages remained relatively constant throughout development despite dramatic changes in neuronal density.Conclusions & InferencesThese observations indicate that neurotransmitter expression occurs early and there is only a brief gap between neurogenesis and neurotransmitter expression. Our finding that the proportion of ChAT myenteric neurons reached adult levels during embryonic development suggests that the fate of cholinergic neurons is tightly regulated and that their differentiation might influence further neuronal development. ChAT‐GFP is a more accurate indicator of early ENS cholinergic neuronal differentiation than the ChAT‐Cre;R26R:floxSTOP:tdTomato reporter mouse.
Pre‐treatment attachment anxiety predicts change in depressive symptoms in women who complete day hospital treatment for anorexia and bulimia nervosa
Authors: Keating Leah , Tasca Giorgio A. , Bissada Hany 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesIndividuals with eating disorders are prone to depressive symptoms. This study examines whether depressive symptoms can change in women who complete intensive day treatment for anorexia and bulimia nervosa (BN), and whether these changes are associated with pre‐treatment attachment insecurity.DesignParticipants were 141 women with anorexia nervosa restricting type (n = 24), anorexia nervosa binge purge type (n = 30), and BN (n = 87) who completed a day hospital treatment programme for eating disorders. They completed a pre‐treatment self‐report measure of attachment, and a pre‐treatment and post‐treatment self‐report measure of depressive symptoms.ResultsParticipants experienced significant reductions in depressive symptoms at post‐treatment. Eating disorder diagnosis was not related to these improvements. However, participants lower in attachment anxiety experienced significantly greater improvement in depressive symptoms than those who were higher in attachment anxiety.ConclusionsThese results suggest that clinicians may tailor eating disorders treatments to patients' attachment patterns and focus on their pre‐occupation with relationships and affect regulation to improve depressive symptoms.Practitioner points

That depressive symptoms can decrease in women who complete day hospital treatment for anorexia and BN.

That improvements in depressive symptoms do not vary according to eating disorder diagnosis in these women.

That patients who complete treatment and who have higher attachment anxiety experience less improvements in depressive symptoms compared to those lower in attachment anxiety.

That clinicians may attend to aspects of attachment anxiety, such as need for approval and up‐regulation of emotions, to improve depressive symptoms in female patients with eating disorders.
New clues for a cold case: nitric oxide response to low temperature
Authors: PUYAUBERT JULIETTE , BAUDOUIN EMMANUEL 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLow temperature is among the most frequent stresses met by plants during their lifespan, and a plant's ability to cold‐acclimate is a determinant for further growth and development. Although intensive research has provided a good picture of the molecular and metabolic changes triggered by cold, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive and are thus being actively sought. Recent studies have shed light on the importance of nitric oxide (NO), a ubiquitous signalling molecule in eukaryotes, for plant tolerance to chilling and freezing. Indeed, NO formation following cold exposure has been reported in a range of plant species, and a series of proteins targeted by NO‐based post‐translational modifications have been identified. Moreover, key cold‐regulated genes have been characterized as NO‐dependent, suggesting the crucial importance of NO signalling for cold‐responsive gene expression. This review provides a picture of our current understanding of the function of NO in the context of plant response to cold. Particular attention is dedicated to the open questions left by the fragmented data currently available concerning NO formation, transduction and biological significance for plant adaptation to low temperature.
Reducing the Fog? Immigrant Regularization and the State
Authors: Duman Yoav H. 
Published: April 2014

In recent decades, the number of undocumented immigrants residing in developed countries has grown significantly. Their nebulous presence undermines states' ability to exert control over their populations and territories. In response, most host states have implemented large‐scale regularizations to legalize undocumented immigrants' status. Yet we possess limited understanding of the impact these policies exert on the states themselves. This article examines the relationship between immigrant regularization, state capacity, and sovereignty. I argue that regularizations reveal a contradiction between popular images of state sovereignty and a state's actual capacity to wield authority. On one hand, regularizations facilitate the collection of information, enhancing taxation capacity, immigration control, and the rule of law. On the other, by implementing these policies, states concurrently demonstrate an inability to regulate migration and punish transgressors, thereby undermining perceptions of state sovereignty. Thus regularizations can transform states by revealing the tension between ideal images and concrete practices.Related ArticlesByrne,Jennifer, andGregory C.Dixon.2013. “.”Politics & Policy41():83‐116.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12002/abstractCorrea‐Cabrera,Guadalupe.2013. “.”Politics & Policy41():65‐82.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12005/abstractBayes,Jane H., andLauraGonzalez.2011. “.”Politics & Policy39():11‐44.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00281.x/abstractRelated MediaPapademetriou,Demetrios.2013. “.” . March 12.http://prospect.org/article/fundamentals‐immigration‐reformPapademetriou,Demetrios G., andWillSomerville.2008.Earned Amnesty: Bringing Illegal Workers Out of the Shadows. : .http://www.centreforum.org/assets/pubs/regularisation‐web.pdfLevinson,Amanda.2005.The Regularisation of Unauthorized Migrants Literature Survey and Country Case Studies. : .http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/publications/reports‐and‐other‐publications/regularisation‐of‐unauthorized‐migrants/.2013. .http://www.itep.org/pdf/undocumentedtaxes.pdf
Lifestyle advice and lifestyle change: to what degree does lifestyle advice of healthcare professionals reach the population, focusing on gender, age and education?
Authors: Brobeck Elisabeth , Bergh Håkan , Odencrants Sigrid , Hildingh Cathrine 
Published: April 2014

Health promotion practice in health care has a high priority in the endeavour to achieve equal opportunities for health and diversity in health among the population. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether there is any connection between the lifestyle advice given by healthcare professionals and the lifestyle change of the population, focusing on age, gender and education level. The study is based on the data from a national population survey in Sweden in which 52 595 patients who had attended health care were interviewed by phone. The participants were asked whether healthcare professionals had raised the subject of lifestyle during the visit and whether the advice they gave had contributed to a lifestyle change. The results indicated that lifestyle issues were raised with 32.2% of those who attended health care, particularly among men, younger patients and those with a high education level. When lifestyle issues were raised, the advice contributed to 39.2% of patients making a lifestyle change, to a higher extent among men, older patients and those with a low education level. The study shows that lifestyle advice given by healthcare professionals, during both emergency and outpatient healthcare visits, is an important contributor to patients' lifestyle change.
Assessment of daily heat pulse regimes on the germination of six Amaranthus species
Authors: Cristaudo A , Gresta F , Catara S , Mingo A 
Published: April 2014

SummaryIn Mediterranean environments, thermal requirements for seed germination of Amaranthus species are met in spring. Nonetheless, seedlings of these species start emerging in the field from late winter, although the theoretical heat sum thresholds required for germination are not likely to be reached under field conditions. We hypothesised that soil thermal fluctuations can reduce the heat requirements of these species. Cardinal temperatures and thermal times of six Amaranthus species (A. albus, A. cruentus, A. deflexus, A. graecizans, A. retroflexus and A. viridis) were determined on non‐dormant seeds at constant temperatures ranging from 10 to 40°C. Subsequently, germination response to heat pulses was studied by imposing a thermal fluctuation regime of 32/8°C with two different thermoperiods of 3/21 and 6/18 h. In the two thermoperiods, exposure to 32°C was imposed for a different number of days: from 1 to 12 and from 1 to 6 heat pulses cycles in the 3/21 and 6/18 h thermoperiods respectively. Cumulative germination, germination rate and mean germination time were evaluated. Heat sum requirements and final germination percentage were affected by thermoperiod and number of thermal cycles. Amaranthus spp. germination was higher and faster when seeds were submitted to 6 h compared with 3 + 3 h of heat pulses. Our data showed that heat sum requirements for germination may change depending on the way in which varying temperatures are imposed on germinating seeds.
Cause, Setting and Ownership Analysis of Dog Bites in Bay County, Florida from 2009 to 2010
Authors: Matthias J. , Templin M. , Jordan M. M. , Stanek D. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryEmergency room and hospital discharge data have been used to describe the risk factors and public health impact of dog bites. These data sets are based on financial charges for severe bites and underestimates dog bite burdens within communities. This study expands both the source of information and risk factor data collected to provide demographic analysis of dog bite injury risk factors reported in Bay County, Florida in 2009–2010. Extended data for dog bites reported by various sources from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010 were collected by Florida Department of Health in Bay County. Data collected included bite victim's age and gender, primary reported cause of bite, setting, dog's restraint status and relationship between the victim and the dog. A total of 799 bites were reported. Most bites (55%) were reported first by healthcare practitioners, particularly bites involving children <6 years. Bites involving unfamiliar dogs and dogs off the owner's property were more likely to be reported by other sources. Boys aged 6–14 years accounted for 2.24 times more bites than same‐aged females (P < 0.001) and had the highest incidence with 424 bites per 100 000 persons per year. Persons 6 years or older were 3.6 times more likely to be bitten by an unfamiliar dog. Inappropriate behaviour management was the most common cause of bites (26%), followed by protective behaviour (24%). Bites of unknown cause were 2.5 times more likely in children <6 years. Separating dog fights was the most common cause of bites for persons 15 years or older (24%); females were significantly more likely to be bit than males (P = 0.01). Bites by unrestrained dogs off the owner's property (32% of all bites) most commonly involved males. Estimates based solely on healthcare discharge data significantly underestimate dog bite burden within a community. Characterizing these risks by age group or gender provides an opportunity to implement targeted interventions to prevent dog bites.
Triclosan Promotes Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization
Authors: Syed Adnan K. , Ghosh Sudeshna , Love Nancy G. , Boles Blaise R. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

The biocide triclosan is used in many personal care products, including toothpastes, soaps, clothing, and medical equipment. Consequently, it is present as a contaminant in the environment and has been detected in some human fluids, including serum, urine, and milk.
Staphylococcus aureus
is an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the noses and throats of approximately 30% of the population. Colonization with
S. aureus
is known to be a risk factor for several types of infection. Here we demonstrate that triclosan is commonly found in the nasal secretions of healthy adults and the presence of triclosan trends positively with nasal colonization by
S. aureus
. We demonstrate that triclosan can promote the binding of
S. aureus
to host proteins such as collagen, fibronectin, and keratin, as well as inanimate surfaces such as plastic and glass. Lastly, triclosan-exposed rats are more susceptible to nasal colonization with
S. aureus
. These data reveal a novel factor that influences the ability of
S. aureus
to bind surfaces and alters
S. aureus
nasal colonization.

IMPORTANCE
Triclosan has been used as a biocide for over 40 years, but the broader effects that it has on the human microbiome have not been investigated. We demonstrate that triclosan is present in nasal secretions of a large portion of a test population and its presence correlates with
Staphylococcus aureus
nasal colonization. Triclosan also promotes the binding of
S. aureus
to human proteins and increases the susceptibility of rats to nasal colonization by
S. aureus
. These findings are significant because
S. aureus
colonization is a known risk factor for the development of several types of infections. Our data demonstrate the unintended consequences of unregulated triclosan use and contribute to the growing body of research demonstrating inadvertent effects of triclosan on the environment and human health.
Cognitive function in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a prospective case–control study
Authors: Yri Hanne Maria , Fagerlund Birgitte , Forchhammer Hysse Birgitte , Jensen Rigmor Højland 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo explore the extent and nature of cognitive deficits in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) at the time of diagnosis and after 3 months of treatment.DesignProspective case–control study.SettingNeurological department, ophthalmological department and a tertiary headache referral clinic at a Danish university hospital.Participants31 patients with definite IIH referred from June 2011 to February 2013 and included within 1 week of diagnostic intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement. 29 patients completed re-examination at the 3-month follow-up. At the time of testing, none of the patients took medication potentially affecting cognitive function. Controls were 31 healthy age-matched and sex-matched volunteers from the local community.Outcome measuresExecutive function, working memory, visuospatial memory, processing speed, attention and reaction time assessed by a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery consisting of validated computerised (Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery) and paper-and-pencil tests.ResultsPatients with IIH performed significantly worse than controls in four of six cognitive domains (p≤0.02). Deficits were most pronounced in reaction time (1.45 SD below controls 95% CI 2.10 to 0.85) and processing speed (1.48 SD below controls 95% CI 2.08 to 0.81). Despite marked improvement in ICP and headache, re-examination showed persistent cognitive dysfunction 3 months after diagnosis and start of treatment.ConclusionsWe demonstrate for the first time in a well-defined cohort of patients that IIH may be associated with cognitive dysfunction. This could explain the functional disability of patients with IIH. A focused multidisciplinary approach including neuropsychological rehabilitation, therefore, might be relevant in the treatment of patients with IIH.
The accuracy of existing prehospital triage tools for injured children in England: an analysis using emergency department data
Authors: Ardolino Antonella , Cheung C Ronny , Lawrence Thomas , Bouamra Omar , Lecky Fiona , Berry Kathleen , Lyttle Mark , Roland Damian , Koralage Nadeeja , Issa Shabara , Chaudhary Adeel , Maconochie Ian 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the performance characteristics in children with moderate and minor injuries of prehospital paediatric triage tools currently in use in England for identifying seriously injured children.MethodsEight prehospital paediatric triage tools were identified from literature review and a survey of the lead trauma clinicians across the 10 English strategic health authorities. Retrospective clinical data from 2934 patient records collected by four emergency departments were used to analyse each tool. A target sensitivity of >95% and specificity of 50–75% was set based on the literature.ResultsThree tools (East Midlands, North West and Northern) demonstrated acceptable sensitivity (all 100%). The other five tools fell below the target sensitivity of >95%. All eight tools had acceptable specificity (with results between 79% and 99%).ConclusionsThree tools (East Midlands, North West and Northern) demonstrated acceptable over- and under-triage rates in this population of minor and moderately injured children. All tools reached recommended standards for over-triage, but the majority favoured under-triage.
Carotid revascularization treatment is shifting to low volume centers
Authors: Brinjikji Waleed , Kallmes David F , Lanzino Giuseppe , Cloft Harry J 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundExpansion of the endovascular and surgical workforce in the USA might lead to carotid revascularization procedures being carried out at low volume centers.ObjectiveTo evaluate trends in the treatment of carotid stenosis at high volume centers in the USA and compare outcomes by hospital volume.MethodsUsing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we evaluated trends in the proportion of carotid revascularization procedures performed at high volume centers in the USA from 2005 to 2011. High volume was defined as combined endarterectomy/stenting volume ≥130 patients/year, carotid endarterectomy volume ≥117 cases/year and carotid stenting volume ≥38 cases/year. In-hospital mortality, discharge to a long-term facility, intracranial hemorrhage, and postoperative stroke rates were compared between high and low volume centers.ResultsA total of 181 972 patients were included in this study. Overall, 63 442 patients (34.9%) were treated at high volume centers. The proportion of patients treated at high volume carotid revascularization centers decreased from 38.3% in 2005–2006 to 30.2% in 2010–2011. The proportion of patients treated at high volume centers decreased from 35.7% to 30.0% for carotid endarterectomy (p<0.0001) and 45.2% to 35.1% for carotid stenting. Patients treated at low volume centers had significantly higher rates of discharge to a long-term facility than high volume center patients (6.3% vs 5.0%, p<0.0001). The same was true for endarterectomy patients (6.0% vs 4.7%, p<0.0001) and stenting patients (8.3% vs 6.5%, p<0.0001).ConclusionsA trend toward a lower proportion of patients with carotid stenosis being treated in high volume centers from 2005 to 2011 is concerning as these high volume centers had lower complication rates.
Two-year outcomes after percutaneous mitral valve repair with the MitraClip system: durability of the procedure and predictors of outcome
Authors: Toggweiler Stefan , Zuber Michel , Sürder Daniel , Biaggi Patric , Gstrein Christine , Moccetti Tiziano , Pasotti Elena , Gaemperli Oliver , Faletra Francesco , Petrova-Slater Iveta , Grünenfelder Jürg , Jamshidi Peiman , Corti Roberto , Pedrazzini Giovanni , Lüscher Thomas F , Erne Paul 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveAnalyse 2-year outcomes after MitraClip therapy and identify predictors of outcome.MethodsConsecutive patients (n=74) undergoing MitraClip therapy were included in the MitraSWISS registry and followed prospectively.ResultsA reduction of mitral regurgitation (MR) to ≤ mild was achieved in 32 (43%) patients and to moderate in 31 (42%) patients; 16/63 (25%) patients with initially successful treatment developed recurrent moderate to severe or severe MR during the first year and only 1 patient did so during the second year. At 2 years, moderate or less MR was more frequently present in patients with a transmitral mean gradient <3 mm Hg at baseline (73% vs 23%, p < 0.01) and in patients with a left atrial volume index (LAVI) <50 mL/m2at baseline (86% vs 52%, p=0.03). More than mild MR post MitraClip, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide ≥5000 ng/L at baseline, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were associated with reduced survival.ConclusionsA mean transmitral gradient <3 mm Hg at baseline, an LAVI <50 mL/m2, the absence of COPD and CKD, and reduction of MR to less than moderate were associated with favourable outcome. Given a suitable anatomy, such patients may be excellent candidates for MitraClip therapy. Between 1 and 2 years follow-up, clinical and echocardiographic outcomes were stable, suggesting favourable, long-term durability of the device.
On the existence of maximal subrings in commutative noetherian rings
Authors: Azarang A. 
Published: April 2014

In this note, we generalize the results of [Submaximal integral domains, Taiwanese J. Math. 17(4) (2013) 1395–1412; Which fields have no maximal subrings? Rend. Sem. Mat. Univ. Padova 126 (2011) 213–228; On the existence of maximal subrings in commutative artinian rings, J. Algebra Appl. 9(5) (2010) 771–778; On maximal subrings of commutative rings, Algebra Colloq. 19(Spec 1) (2012) 1125–1138] for the existence of maximal subrings in a commutative noetherian ring. First, we show that for determining when an infinite noetherian ring R has a maximal subring, it suffices to assume that R is an integral domain with |R/I| < |R| for each nonzero ideal I of R. We determine when the latter integral domains have maximal subrings. In particular, we show that every uncountable noetherian ring has a maximal subring.