bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wireless Inter-Crane Communication Method for Multi-Crane Scheduling in Maritime Container Terminals / Bezvadu Komunikācijas Tīkla Pielietojums Ostas Darba Efektivitātes Uzlabošanai
Authors: Černeckytė M. , Kurmis M. , Andziulis A. , Gaigals G. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
One of the main problems in the maritime container terminals is inefficient use of technical (quay cranes, yard cranes, mobile cranes) and human resources. All this affects negatively the scheduling of transportation and storage processes in the terminals. A new method proposed for the multicrane scheduling in maritime container terminals is based on the wireless inter-crane communication networks and dynamical localization of the mobile cranes using the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) technologies. It is shown that this method outperforms significantly the currently used owing to better time dependence of the crane traveling distance which allows for saving time resources.
Modeling and Simulation of Cloud Computing Solution for Distributed Space Data Storage and Access In Mobile Communication Networks / Mākoņskaitļošanas Risinājuma Modelēšana Un Simulācija Izkliedētai Kosmiskas Izcelsmes Datu Glabāšanai Un Piekļuvei Mobilos Komunikāciju Tīklos
Authors: Kurmis M. , Dzemydiene D. , Didziokas R. , Trokss J. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Storage and retrieval of space signals require an advanced set of core technologies that can be implemented with a cloud computing paradigm. In this work we propose a cloud computing solution for the distributed space data storage and access in mobile communication networks. The modeling and simulation results show that the proposed solution performs satisfactorily in the space data processing. In the future, experimental verification of the cloud computing model and its implementation are envisaged.
Biorefinery Technologies for Biomass Conversion Into Chemicals and Fuels Towards Zero Emissions (Review) / Nulles Emisiju Princips Biomasas Konversijas Tehnoloģijās Aizstājot Fosilos Resursus (Pārskata Raksts)
Authors: Gravitis J. , Abolins J. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Exhausting of world resources, increasing pollution, and climate change are compelling the shift of the world economy from continuous growth to a kind of economy based on integration of technologies into zero emissions production systems. Transition from non-renewable fossil resources to renewable resources provided by solar radiation and the current processes in biosphere is seen in the bio-refinery approach - replacing crude oil refineries by biomass refineries. Biotechnology and nano-technologies are getting accepted as important players along with conventional biomass refinery technologies. Systems design is a significant element in the integration of bio-refinery technologies in clusters. A number of case-studies, steam explosion auto-hydrolysis (SEA) in particular, are reviewed to demonstrate conversion of biomass into value-added chemicals and fuels. Analysis of energy flows is made as part of modelling the SEA processes, the eMergy (energy memory) approach and sustainability indices being applied to assess environmental impacts.
Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Hofman Florence M. , Taylor Clive R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis unit describes several methods for localizing specific antigens in various tissue and cell preparations using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Protocols describe preparation of suitable material for IHC including fresh, unfixed, frozen tissue specimens; unfixed cells, either freshly isolated or derived from suspension or adherent cultures; or fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. By careful selection of reagents, it is possible to detect two or even three antigens simultaneously. For antigens that are sensitive to fixative, it may be necessary to unmask the antigen by the antigen‐retrieval technique. If there is cross‐reactivity between the secondary antibody and antigens present in the target cells or tissue, the secondary antibody can be preabsorbed. Several new, sensitive amplification techniques are currently available. The different IHC protocols are represented schematically and summarized in a table that also lists advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Causes of background staining and ways to eliminate it are also discussed. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 103:21.4.1‐21.4.26. ©2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A process‐based framework for quantifying the atmospheric preconditioning of surface‐triggered convection
Authors: Tawfik Ahmed B. , Dirmeyer Paul A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHere we introduce the heated condensation framework, which contains a suite of variables for isolating the atmospheric boundary state from local surface forcing. The buoyant condensation level (BCL) and buoyant mixing temperature (θBM) quantify the degree to which the atmosphere is preconditioned for moist convection and can be calculated for any time of day or year using standard vertical profiles of temperature and humidity. Unlike the lifted condensation level and convective inhibition, the BCL is constructed through incremental mixing from the surface rather than lifting a hypothetical parcel. In this regard, the BCL represents a conserved condensation level diagnostic inherent to a given profile. The BCL and θBM are shown to be applicable over a range of climate regimes and respond to synoptic and mesoscale forcings, illustrating its broader utility. A suite of variables relating the BCL directly to surface fluxes is also introduced.
Estimates of the Southern Ocean general circulation improved by animal‐borne instruments
Authors: Roquet Fabien , Wunsch Carl , Forget Gael , Heimbach Patrick , Guinet Christophe , Reverdin Gilles , Charrassin Jean‐Benoit , Bailleul Frederic , Costa Daniel P. , Huckstadt Luis A. , Goetz Kimberly T. , Kovacs Kit M. , Lydersen Christian , Biuw Martin , Nøst Ole A. , Bornemann Horst , Ploetz Joachim , Bester Marthan N. , McIntyre Trevor , Muelbert Monica C. , Hindell Mark A. , McMahon Clive R. , Williams Guy , Harcourt Robert , Field Iain C. , Chafik Leon , Nicholls Keith W. , Boehme Lars , Fedak Mike A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOver the last decade, several hundred seals have been equipped with conductivity‐temperature‐depth sensors in the Southern Ocean for both biological and physical oceanographic studies. A calibrated collection of seal‐derived hydrographic data is now available, consisting of more than 165,000 profiles. The value of these hydrographic data within the existing Southern Ocean observing system is demonstrated herein by conducting two state estimation experiments, differing only in the use or not of seal data to constrain the system. Including seal‐derived data substantially modifies the estimated surface mixed‐layer properties and circulation patterns within and south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Agreement with independent satellite observations of sea ice concentration is improved, especially along the East Antarctic shelf. Instrumented animals efficiently reduce a critical observational gap, and their contribution to monitoring polar climate variability will continue to grow as data accuracy and spatial coverage increase.
Responses of chlorophyll a to added nutrients, Asian dust, and rainwater in an oligotrophic zone of the Yellow Sea: Implications for promotion and inhibition effects in an incubation experiment
Authors: Liu Y. , Zhang T. R. , Shi J. H. , Gao H. W. , Yao X. H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIncreasing anthropogenic atmospheric deposition of nutrients, trace metals, and toxic substances to oceans may synergistically enhance or inhibit some specific phytoplankton growth, subsequently modulating primary productivity. In this study, onboard incubation experiments were performed in the southern Yellow Sea in the spring of 2011 to explore the responses of microphytoplankton, nanophytoplankton, and picophytoplankton to various combinations of added substances. The water samples used were collected at a lower nutrient concentration zone with an N/P ratio of 10, where satellite data showed a bloom on the eleventh day after collection. The bloom also occurred in the control experiment on the ninth to eleventh days. We simulated atmospheric input by artificially adding Asian dust, rainwater, nitrogen (dissolved inorganic N), phosphorus (P), and iron (Fe). The addition of a large amount of Asian dust increased both the maximum concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and the conversion efficiency index of N into Chl a (CEI) by ~40% and ~30%, respectively, compared to the control, indicative of promoting growth of the phytoplankton. However, no promotion effect on phytoplankton growth was observed when the addition of Asian dust was reduced to10% of the original amount. The addition of rainwater increased the maximum concentration of Chl a by ~40% but decreased the CEI by ~40%, indicating inhibition coexisting with promotion of some phytoplankton species. Moreover, the size‐fractioned Chl a data showed that the inhibition effect pertained to nanophytoplankton and occurred following the bloom (after the eighth day).
Non‐robbery‐related occupational homicides in the retail industry, 2003–2008
Authors: Konda Srinivas , Tiesman Hope M. , Hendricks Scott , Gurka Kelly K. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine non‐robbery‐related occupational homicides in the retail industry from 2003 to 2008.MethodsData were abstracted from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Motive (robbery‐ or non‐robbery‐related) and workplace violence (WPV) typology (Type I–IV) were assigned using narrative text fields. Non‐robbery‐related homicide rates were calculated and compared among WPV types, demographic characteristics, and occupation.ResultsTwenty‐eight percent of homicides that occurred in the retail industry were non‐robbery‐related. The leading event associated with non‐robbery‐related homicides was Type II (perpetrated by customers) (34%), followed by Type IV (perpetrated by personal relationship) (31%). The majority of homicides were due to arguments (50%). Security guards and workers in drinking establishments had the highest homicide rates per 100,000 workers (14.3 and 6.0, respectively).ConclusionsNon‐robbery‐related homicides comprised a meaningful proportion of workplace homicides in the retail industry. Research is needed to develop strategies to prevent non‐robbery‐related homicides specifically. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:245–253, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Great ape skeletal collections: Making the most of scarce and irreplaceable resources in the digital age
Authors: Gordon Adam D. , Marcus Emily , Wood Bernard 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTInformation about primate genomes has re‐emphasized the importance of the great apes (Pan,Gorilla, andPongo) as, for most purposes, the appropriate comparators when generating hypotheses about the most recent common ancestor of the hominins and panins, or the most recent common ancestor of the hominin clade. Great ape skeletal collections are thus an important and irreplaceable resource for researchers conducting these types of comparative analyses, yet the integrity of these collections is threatened by unnecessary use and their availability is threatened by financial pressures on the institutions in which the collections reside. We discuss the general history of great ape skeletal collections, and in order to get a better sense of the utility and potential of these important sources of data we assemble the equivalent of a biography of the Powell‐Cotton Collection. We explore the history of how this collection of chimpanzee and gorilla skeletons was accumulated, how it came to be recognized as a potentially important source of comparative information, who has made use of it, and what types of data have been collected. We present a protocol for collecting information about each individual animal (e.g., which bones are preserved, their condition, etc.) and have made that information about the Powell‐Cotton Collection freely available in an online relational database (Human Origins Database,www.humanoriginsdatabase.org). As an illustration of the practical application of these data, we developed a tabular summary of ontogenetic information about each individual (see Appendices A and B). Collections like the Powell‐Cotton are irreplaceable sources of material regarding the hard‐tissue evidence and recent history of the closest living relatives of modern humans. We end this contribution by suggesting ways that curators and the researchers who use and rely on these reference collections could work together to help preserve and protect them so that future generations can use and benefit from these priceless resources. Am J Phys Anthropol 57:2–32, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Practice patterns in endoscopic skull base surgery: survey of the American Rhinologic Society
Authors: Lee Jivianne T. , Kingdom Todd T. , Smith Timothy L. , Setzen Michael , Brown Seth , Batra Pete S. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundThe introduction of advanced endoscopic techniques has facilitated significant growth in the field of endoscopic skull base surgery (SBS). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of endoscopic SBS on the clinical practice patterns of the American Rhinologic Society (ARS) membership.MethodsA 23‐item survey vetted by the ARS Board of Directors was electronically disseminated to the ARS membership from February 5, 2013, to March 31, 2013. The target group encompassed 982 ARS members.ResultsA total of 152 physicians (15.5%) completed the survey. Open and endoscopic skull base procedures were performed by 41% and 94% of the respondents, respectively. During a typical year, the number of endoscopic skull base cases ranged from 0 to 20 in 56%, 21 to 50 in 26%, 51 to 100 in 9%, and >100 in 8%. Endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak repair (96%) and transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (81%) were the most commonly performed procedures, followed by transcribriform (68.4%), transplanum (54.4%), and transclival (49.6%) approaches. Overall, 69.6% used endoscopy for resections of malignant sinus/skull base lesions. Considerable variation in Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) coding philosophy was observed, with open skull base (32%), unlisted endoscopic (29%), sinus surgery (24%), and unlisted neurosurgical (15%) codes employed by surgeons. Only 29% of physicians reported adequate reimbursement in ≥75% of cases. Eighty‐five percent of respondents supported creation of dedicated endoscopic SBS codes.ConclusionThis study illustrates the widespread integration of endoscopic SBS procedures into rhinologic clinical practice among survey respondents. However, current variability in coding strategies and inadequate reimbursement may warrant development of specific guidelines to standardize coding and billing processes in the future.
Cloaks, editors, and bubbles: applications of spacetime transformation theory
Authors: Kinsler Paul , McCall Martin W. 
Published: November 2013

Spacetime or ‘event’ cloaking was recently introduced as a concept, and the theoretical design for such a cloak was presented for illumination by electromagnetic waves [McCall et al., J. Opt. 2011]. Here it is described how event cloaks can be designed for simple wave systems, using either an approximate ‘speed cloak’ method, or an exact full‐wave one. Further, details of many of the implications of spacetime transformation devices are discussed, including their (usually) directional nature, spacetime distortions (as opposed to cloaks), and how leaky cloaks manifest themselves. More exotic concepts are also addressed, in particular concepts that follow naturally on from considerations of simple spacetime transformation devices, such as spacetime modeling and causality editors. A proposal for implementing an interrupt‐without‐interrupt concept is described. Finally, the design for a time‐dependent ‘bubbleverse’ is presented, based on temporally modulated Maxwell's Fisheye transformation device (T‐device) in a flat background spacetime.
Enhanced electrical conductivity of polyindole prepared by electrochemical polymerization of indole in ionic liquids
Authors: Arjomandi Jalal , Nematollahi Davood , Amani Ameneh 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe in situ electrical conductivity (resistance) of electrochemically prepared polyindole (PIn) in ionic liquids was found to be strongly dependent on the nature of the solvents, size of ionic liquid counter ions and preparation technique. Accordingly, the conductivity can be enhanced by about one order of magnitude when using a 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIm] [BF4‐] or 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIm] [PF6−] in comparison to acetonitrile (ACN). Moreover, the growth of polyindole in ionic liquid on gold electrode surface is faster than growth of polymer in acetonitrile. Additionally, a significant enhancement of the conductivity by using ionic liquids during the polymerization could be achieved. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40094.
The pyrolysis behaviors of ternary copolyimide derived from aromatic dianhydride and aromatic diisocyanates
Authors: Guo Binghua , Chen Lei , Yu Junrong , Zhu Jing , Wang Guizhen , Hu Zuming 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA polyimide (PI) based on benzophenone‐3,3′,4,4′‐tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and 4,4′‐methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) has been synthesized via a one‐step polycondensation procedure. The resulting PI possessed excellent thermal stability with the glass transition temperature (Tg) 316°C, the 5% weight loss temperature (T5%) in air and nitrogen 440.4°C and 448.0°C, respectively. The pyrolysis behaviors were investigated with dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), TGA coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TGA–FTIR) and TGA coupled with mass spectrometry (TGA–MS) under air atmosphere. The results of TGA–FTIR and TGA–MS indicated that the main decomposition products were carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonic oxide (CO), water (H2O), ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), benzene (C6H6), and compounds containing NH2, CN, NCO or phenyl groups. The activation energy (Ea) of the solid‐state process was estimated using Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) method which resulted to be 143.8 and 87.8 kJ/mol for the first and second stage. The pre‐exponential factor (A) and empirical order of decomposition (n) were determined by Friedman method. The activation energies of different mechanism models were calculated from Coats–Redfern method. Compared with the activation energy values obtained from the OFW method, the actual reaction followed a random nucleation mechanism with the integral form g(α) = −ln(1 − α). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40163.
Identification of Cadherin 11 as a Mediator of Dermal Fibrosis and Possible Role in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Wu Minghua , Pedroza Mesias , Lafyatis Robert , George Anuh‐Teresa , Mayes Maureen D. , Assassi Shervin , Tan Filemon K. , Brenner Michael B. , Agarwal Sandeep K. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease clinically manifesting as progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Recent microarray studies demonstrated that cadherin 11 (Cad‐11) expression is increased in the affected skin of patients with SSc. The purpose of this study was to examine our hypothesis that Cad‐11 is a mediator of dermal fibrosis.MethodsBiopsy samples of skin from SSc patients and healthy control subjects were used for real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis to assess Cad‐11 expression and for immunohistochemistry to determine the expression pattern of Cad‐11. To determine whether Cad‐11 is a mediator of dermal fibrosis, Cad‐11–deficient mice and anti–Cad‐11 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were used in the bleomycin‐induced dermal fibrosis model. In vitro studies with dermal fibroblasts and bone marrow–derived macrophages were used to determine the mechanisms by which Cad‐11 contributes to the development of tissue fibrosis.ResultsLevels of messenger RNA for Cad‐11 were increased in skin biopsy samples from patients with SSc and correlated with the modified Rodnan skin thickness scores. Cad‐11 expression was localized to dermal fibroblasts and macrophages in SSc skin. Cad‐11–knockout mice injected with bleomycin had markedly attenuated dermal fibrosis, as quantified by measurements of skin thickness, collagen levels, myofibroblast accumulation, and profibrotic gene expression, in lesional skin as compared to the skin of wild‐type mice. In addition, anti–Cad‐11 mAb decreased fibrosis at various time points in the bleomycin‐induced dermal fibrosis model. In vitro studies demonstrated that Cad‐11 regulated the production of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) by macrophages and the migration of fibroblasts.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that Cad‐11 is a mediator of dermal fibrosis and TGFβ production and suggest that Cad‐11 may be a therapeutic target in SSc.
In Vivo Luminescence Imaging of NF‐κB Activity and Serum Cytokine Levels Predict Pain Sensitivities in a Rodent Model of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Bowles Robby D. , Mata Brian A. , Bell Richard D. , Mwangi Timothy K. , Huebner Janet L. , Kraus Virginia B. , Setton Lori A. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between NF‐κB activity, cytokine levels, and pain sensitivities in a rodent model of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsOA was induced in transgenic NF‐κB–luciferase reporter mice via intraarticular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Using luminescence imaging we evaluated the temporal kinetics of NF‐κB activity and its relationship to the development of pain sensitivities and serum cytokine levels in this model.ResultsMIA induced a transient increase in joint‐related NF‐κB activity at early time points (day 3 after injection) and an associated biphasic pain response (mechanical allodynia). NF‐κB activity, serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐1β, and IL‐10 levels accounted for ∼75% of the variability in pain‐related mechanical sensitivities in this model. Specifically, NF‐κB activity was strongly correlated with mechanical allodynia and serum IL‐6 levels in the inflammatory pain phase of this model (day 3), while serum IL‐1β was strongly correlated with pain sensitivities in the chronic pain phase of the model (day 28).ConclusionOur findings suggest that NF‐κB activity, IL‐6, and IL‐1β may play distinct roles in pain sensitivity development in this model of arthritis and may distinguish the acute pain phase from the chronic pain phase. This study establishes luminescence imaging of NF‐κB activity as a novel imaging biomarker of pain sensitivities in this model of OA.