bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenetic and Functional Analyses of the Distal Ulna of Australopithecus afarensis and Australopithecus africanus
Authors: Tallman Melissa 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe morphology of the distal portion of the hominoid ulna is poorly studied despite its important functional role at the wrist joint. There are five qualitatively well‐described fossil hominin distal ulnae belonging to Australopithecus afarensis and Australopithecus africanus, but there have been few efforts to quantify their morphology or relate it to their functional abilities. This article presents an effort to do so, using three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics to analyze the shape of the distal ulna of the Plio‐Pleistocene hominins and an extant comparative sample of great apes and humans. For the extant taxa, results show that the morphology of Pan and Pongo is distinct from that of Homo, and that these differences are likely related to climbing, clambering and below‐branch suspension in the former, and the release of the limbs from locomotion and (potentially) tool manufacture in the latter. For the australopiths, results indicate that the A. afarensis sample is relatively heterogeneous. These results are driven by the morphology of A.L. 333‐12, which is the largest ulna in the sample and has a unique combination of traits when compared with the other two A. afarensis specimens. Overall, the morphology of all the hominins was most consistent with the pattern displayed by extant great apes, and specifically Pan and Pongo; however, large overlap in shape in the distal ulna in the extant sample indicates that other areas of the skeleton may be more informative for functional analyses. Anat Rec, 298:195–211, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring Phylogenetic and Functional Signals in Complex Morphologies: The Hamate of Extant Anthropoids as a Test‐Case Study
Authors: Almécija Sergio , Orr Caley M. , Tocheri Matthew W. , Patel Biren A. , Jungers William L. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThree‐dimensional geometric morphometrics (3DGM) is a powerful tool for capturing and visualizing the “pure” shape of complex structures. However, these shape differences are sometimes difficult to interpret from a functional viewpoint, unless specific approaches (mostly based on biomechanical modeling) are employed. Here, we use 3DGM to explore the complex shape variation of the hamate, the disto‐ulnar wrist bone, in anthropoid primates. Major trends of shape variation are explored using principal components analysis along with analyses of shape and size covariation. We also evaluate the phylogenetic patterning of hamate shape by plotting an anthropoid phylogenetic tree onto the shape space (i.e., phylomorphospace) and test against complete absence of phylogenetic signal using posterior permutation. Finally, the covariation of hamate shape and locomotor categories is explored by means of 2‐block partial least squares (PLS) using shape coordinates and a matrix of data on arboreal locomotor behavior. Our results show that 3DGM is a valuable and versatile tool for characterizing the shape of complex structures such as wrist bones in anthropoids. For the hamate, a significant phylogenetic pattern is found in both hamate shape and size, indicating that closely related taxa are typically the most similar in hamate form. Our allometric analyses show that major differences in hamate shape among taxa are not a direct consequence of differences in hamate size. Finally, our PLS indicates a significant covariation of hamate shape and different types of arboreal locomotion, highlighting the relevance of this approach in future 3DGM studies seeking to capture a functional signal from complex biological structures. Anat Rec, 298:212–229, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A New Fully Automated Approach for Aligning and Comparing Shapes
Authors: Boyer Doug M. , Puente Jesus , Gladman Justin T. , Glynn Chris , Mukherjee Sayan , Yapuncich Gabriel S. , Daubechies Ingrid 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThree‐dimensional geometric morphometric (3DGM) methods for placing landmarks on digitized bones have become increasingly sophisticated in the last 20 years, including greater degrees of automation. One aspect shared by all 3DGM methods is that the researcher must designate initial landmarks. Thus, researcher interpretations of homology and correspondence are required for and influence representations of shape. We present an algorithm allowing fully automatic placement of correspondence points on samples of 3D digital models representing bones of different individuals/species, which can then be input into standard 3DGM software and analyzed with dimension reduction techniques. We test this algorithm against several samples, primarily a dataset of 106 primate calcanei represented by 1,024 correspondence points per bone. Results of our automated analysis of these samples are compared to a published study using a traditional 3DGM approach with 27 landmarks on each bone. Data were analyzed with morphologika2.5 and PAST. Our analyses returned strong correlations between principal component scores, similar variance partitioning among components, and similarities between the shape spaces generated by the automatic and traditional methods. While cluster analyses of both automatically generated and traditional datasets produced broadly similar patterns, there were also differences. Overall these results suggest to us that automatic quantifications can lead to shape spaces that are as meaningful as those based on observer landmarks, thereby presenting potential to save time in data collection, increase completeness of morphological quantification, eliminate observer error, and allow comparisons of shape diversity between different types of bones. We provide an R package for implementing this analysis. Anat Rec, 298:249–276, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic carcinoma in the era of multimodal treatment
Authors: Paye F , Micelli Lupinacci R , Bachellier P , Boher J -M , Delpero J -R 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Recent publications have suggested improvements in the outcome of distal pancreatectomy (DP) for cancer, but the series were small and heterogeneous. The aim of the present study was to assess perioperative and long-term outcomes of DP for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the era of multimodal treatment in a major European country.

Methods
This was a nationwide study of all patients undergoing DP for pancreatic adenocarcinoma between 2004 and 2009 in 28 centres in France. Postoperative and long-term outcomes were assessed retrospectively and outcome predictors were explored by multivariable analysis.

Results
A total of 278 patients were enrolled. Multivisceral resections were performed in 58 patients (20·9 per cent), venous resections in 33 (11·9 per cent) and arterial resections in 11 (4·0 per cent). Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was used in 20 patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 96 patients (34·5 per cent) and pancreatic fistulas developed in 76 (27·3 per cent). The postoperative 90-day mortality rate was 5·0 per cent. In univariable analysis, multivisceral resection was the only factor associated with postoperative morbidity (P = 0·048). Age 65 years or less, body mass index of at least 30 kg/m2 and absence of preoperative chemoradiotherapy were associated with an increased risk of pancreatic fistula in multivariable analysis. Overall survival rates at 3 and 5 years were 44·9 and 29·5 per cent respectively. In multivariable analysis, only the presence of lymph node metastases was associated with poorer overall survival.

Conclusion
Postoperative morbidity and mortality associated with pancreatic fistula remain considerable after DP, but both short- and long-term survival have improved markedly.
Outcome after liver resection in patients presenting with simultaneous hepatopulmonary colorectal metastases
Authors: Dave R V , Pathak S , White A D , Hidalgo E , Prasad K R , Lodge J P A , Milton R , Toogood G J 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
The most common sites of metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC) are hepatic and pulmonary; they can present simultaneously (hepatic and pulmonary metastases) or sequentially (hepatic then pulmonary metastases, or vice versa). Simultaneous disease may be aggressive, and thus may be approached with caution by the clinician. The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes following hepatic and pulmonary resection for simultaneously presenting metastatic CRC.

Methods
A retrospective review was undertaken of a prospectively maintained database to identify patients presenting with simultaneous hepatopulmonary disease who underwent hepatic resection. Patients' electronic records were used to identify clinicopathological variables. The log rank test was used to determine survival, and χ2 analysis to determine predictors of failure of intended treatment.

Results
Fifty-nine patients were identified and underwent hepatic resection; median survival was 45·4 months and the 5-year survival rate 38 per cent. Twenty-two patients (37 per cent) did not have the intended pulmonary intervention owing to progression or recurrence of disease. Thirty-seven patients who progressed to hepatopulmonary resection had a median survival of 54·2 months (5-year survival rate 43 per cent). Those who had hepatic resection alone had a median survival of 24·0 months (5-year survival rate 30 per cent). Failure to progress to pulmonary resection was predicted by heavy nodal burden of primary colorectal disease and bilobar hepatic metastases. Redo pulmonary surgery following pulmonary recurrence did not confer a survival benefit.

Conclusion
Selected patients with simultaneous hepatopulmonary CRC metastases should be considered for attempted curative resection, but some patients may not receive the intended treatment owing to progression of pulmonary disease after hepatic resection.
Incidence and mechanisms of longitudinal stent deformation associated with Biomatrix, Resolute, Element, and Xience stents: Angiographic and case‐by‐case review of 1,800 PCIs
Authors: Arnous Samer , Shakhshir Nizar , Wiper Andrew , Ordoubadi Farzin‐Farth , Williams Paul , Clarke Bernard , Mahadavan Vaikom , El‐Omar Magdi , Mamas Mamas , Fraser Douglas 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundThere is conflicting evidence regarding the incidence of longitudinal stent deformation (LSD) in contemporary practice.Methods and resultsTo assess the incidence and mechanism of LSD across commonly used DES platforms, we performed a case‐by‐case review of 1,800 PCI cases involving 450 consecutive procedures using Biomatrix Flex, Resolute Integrity, Promus Element, and Xience V stents, respectively, between January 2009 and December 2011. LSD was detected in a higher proportion with Promus Element [15 (3.1%)] compared with other platforms (Xience V [4 (0.9%)], Biomatrix [3 (0.7%)], Resolute [3 (0.7%)]; P = 0.002). LSD was characterized as guide catheter/guide extension induced, or as impact from secondary devices such as postdilatation balloons or IVUS catheters. The incidence of guide catheter/guide extension LSD was similar across platforms; (Promus Element [5 (1.1%)], Xience V [4 (0.9%)], Biomatrix [3 (0.7%)], Resolute [3 (0.7%)]; P = 0.85). Secondary device LSD occurred exclusively with Promus Element (9/450 cases [2%] (P < 0.0001). Re‐entering the deformed stent was more difficult in cases of secondary device LSD (6/9 compared with 0/12 treated cases; P < 0.001). Univariate predictors of LSD were previous CABG, culprit vessel, ostial involvement, and lesion tortuosity. Multivariate predictors of LSD were the Promus Element stent (OR 5.53 CI[1.54–19.85]), Guideliner use (OR 22.09 CI[4.73–103]), postdilation balloons (OR 5.47 CI[1.31–22.81]) and number of stents deployed (OR 2.06 CI[1.45–2.9].ConclusionLSD is more common than previously reported. LSD by a guide catheter/guide extension occurred equally with all platforms, however, LSD associated with secondary devices only occurred with the Element stent. These findings have important implications regarding current and future stent designs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rational Molecular Design towards Vis/NIR Absorption and Fluorescence by using Pyrrolopyrrole aza‐BODIPY and its Highly Conjugated Structures for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Shimizu Soji , Iino Taku , Saeki Akinori , Seki Shu , Kobayashi Nagao 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPyrrolopyrrole aza‐BODIPY (PPAB) developed in our recent study from diketopyrrolopyrrole by titanium tetrachloride‐mediated Schiff‐base formation reaction with heteroaromatic amines is a highly potential chromophore due to its intense absorption and fluorescence in the visible region and high fluorescence quantum yield, which is greater than 0.8. To control the absorption and fluorescence of PPAB, particularly in the near‐infrared (NIR) region, further molecular design was performed using DFT calculations. This results in the postulation that the HOMO–LUMO gap of PPAB is perturbed by the heteroaromatic moieties and the aryl‐substituents. Based on this molecular design, a series of new PPAB molecules was synthesized, in which the largest redshifts of the absorption and fluorescence maxima up to 803 and 850 nm, respectively, were achieved for a PPAB consisting of benzothiazole rings and terthienyl substituents. In contrast to the sharp absorption of PPAB, a PPAB dimer, which was prepared by a cross‐coupling reaction of PPAB monomers, exhibited panchromatic absorption across the UV/Vis/NIR regions. With this series of PPAB chromophores in hand, a potential application of PPAB as an optoelectronic material was investigated. After identifying a suitable PPAB molecule for application in organic photovoltaic cells based on evaluation using time‐resolved microwave conductivity measurements, a maximized power conversion efficiency of 1.27 % was achieved.
Isosteric Substitutions of Urea to Thiourea and Selenourea in Aliphatic Oligourea Foldamers: Site‐Specific Perturbation of the Helix Geometry
Authors: Nelli Yella Reddy , Antunes Stéphanie , Salaün Arnaud , Thinon Emmanuelle , Massip Stéphane , Kauffmann Brice , Douat Céline , Guichard Gilles 
Published: December 2014

AbstractNearly isosteric oxo to thioxo substitution was employed to interrogate the structure of foldamers with a urea backbone and explore the relationship between helical folding and hydrogen‐bonding interactions. A series of oligomers with urea bonds substituted by thiourea bonds at discrete or all positions in the sequence have been prepared and their folding propensity was studied by using a combination of spectroscopic methods and X‐ray diffraction. The outcome of oxo to thioxo replacements on the helical folding was found to depend on whether central or terminal ureas were modified. The canonical helix geometry was not affected upon insertion of thioureas close to the negative end of the helix dipole, whereas thioureas close to the positive pole were found to increase the terminal flexibility and cause helix fraying. Perturbation was amplified when a selenourea was incorporated instead, leading to a structure that is only partly folded.
ChemInform Abstract: The High‐Pressure Borate HP‐(NH4)B3O5.
Authors: Sohr Gerhard , Wilhelm Dominik , Vitzthum Daniela , Schmitt Martin K. , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe high‐pressure phase HP‐(NH4)B3O5 is prepared from (NH4)HCO3 and B2O3 by hot isostatic pressing (BN crucible in multianvil press, 3 GPa, 600 °C, 5 min).
ChemInform Abstract: In Search of Aluminum Hexathiohypodiphosphate: Synthesis and Structures of ht‐AlPS4, lt‐AlPS4, and Al4(P2S6)3.
Authors: Kuhn Alexander , Eger Roland , Ganter Pirmin , Duppel Viola , Nuss Juergen , Lotsch Bettina V. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLow‐ and high‐temperature (lt, ht) modifications of AlPS4 are prepared by solid state reaction of AlP and 10% excess S (evacuated silica tubes, 923 K, 30 d for the lt modification, 1023 K, 30 d, for the ht modification).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Aldol Addition of α‐Azido Ketones to Ethyl Pyruvate Mediated by a Cinchona‐Based Bifunctional Urea Catalyst.
Authors: Okumus Seda , Tanyeli Cihangir , Demir Ayhan S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe title reaction provides the corresponding syn‐aldol adducts in low yields with good levels of dia‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Merging Photoredox with Nickel Catalysis: Coupling of α‐Carboxyl sp3‐Carbons with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Zuo Zhiwei , Ahneman Derek T. , Chu Lingling , Terrett Jack A. , Doyle Abigail G. , MacMillan David W. C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe new presented combination of photoredox catalysis and nickel catalysis provides an alternative cross coupling procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Transformation of Alcohols and Organic Halides in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Thakur Apoorva , Bhardwaj Pushpa 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe conversion of primary and secondary organic alcohols and halides to their corresponding aldehydes or ketones is described using quinolinium chlorochromate in aqueous medium without any cosolvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Csp3—Csp3 Homocoupling Reaction of Benzyl Halides Catalyzed by Rhodium.
Authors: Sato Kazuyuki , Inoue Yuichi , Mori Tomohisa , Sakaue Atsushi , Tarui Atsushi , Omote Masaaki , Kumadaki Itsumaro , Ando Akira 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Rh‐catalyzed homocoupling of benzyl bromides under mild reaction conditions is established.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Chemoselective Cleavage of (tert‐Butyl)(dimethyl)silyl (TBS) Ethers Catalyzed by Ce(SO4)2·4H2O.
Authors: Gonzalez‐Calderon Davir , Gonzalez‐Gonzalez Carlos A. , Fuentes‐Benitez Aydee , Cuevas‐Yanez Erick , Corona‐Becerril David , Gonzalez‐Romero Carlos 
Published: December 2014

Abstractunder microwave‐assisted or conventional thermal conditions
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Allylation of Ketones with Allylic Carbonates.
Authors: Zhao Chenglong , Tan Zhuozhen , Liang Zhuye , Deng Wei , Gong Hegui 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn contrast to 2‐ or 3‐substituted allyl carbonates (II) or (V), the reaction of 1‐substituted or 3,3‐disubstituted allyl carbonates with cyclohexanone (I) furnishes no or trace amounts of the corresponding products, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Beyond Classical Reactivity Patterns: Hydroformylation of Vinyl and Allyl Arenes to Valuable β‐ and γ‐Aldehyde Intermediates Using Supramolecular Catalysis.
Authors: Dydio Pawel , Detz Remko J. , de Bruin Bas , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRhodium bisphosphine complexes catalyze the regioselective hydroformylation of 2‐ [e.g. (I)] and 3‐carboxy styrenes (XII) to the otherwise disfavored β‐aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Asymmetric Michael Addition Reactions with New Chiral Multisite Phase‐Transfer Catalysts.
Authors: Jayaraman Sivamani , Kumaraguru Duraimurugan , Arockiam Jesin Beneto , Paulpandian Subha , Rajendiran Balasaravanan , Siva Ayyanar 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of the catalysts (I) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: New Aminotetrazole Derivatives as Hydrogen Bonding Catalysts. A Green and Selective Oxidation of Organosulfides with H2O2 in H2O.
Authors: Secci Francesco , Arca Massimiliano , Frongia Angelo , Piras Pier Paolo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTetrazole amides are identified as a new class of catalysts able to promote the selective transformation of functionalized organosulfides (I) and (III) to sulfoxides (II) and (IV), resp., in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Diarylmethanones Through Palladium‐Catalyzed Sequential Coupling and Aerobic Oxidation of Aryl Bromides with Acetophenone as a Latent Carbonyl Donor.
Authors: Wang Xing , Liu Fu‐Di , Tu Hai‐Yang , Zhang Ai‐Dong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe title process proves to be highly successful for the preparation of a large variety of symmetrical and unsymmetrical products.
ChemInform Abstract: Very Efficient Conversion of Glucose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in DBU‐Based Ionic Liquids with Benzenesulfonate Anion.
Authors: Wu Lingqiao , Song Jinliang , Zhang Binbin , Zhou Baowen , Zhou Huacong , Fan Honglei , Yang Yingying , Han Buxing 
Published: December 2014

AbstractInulin and cellobiose can be used as starting material as well.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted 3‐Acylpyrroles by Cooperative Catalysis.
Authors: Cui Hai‐Lei , Tanaka Fujie 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn efficient method for the one‐pot synthesis of polysubstituted 3‐acylpyrroles by cascade reactions of readily available unsaturated ketones and N‐substituted propargylated amines is developed using the cooperative catalysis of pyrrolidine and a copper salt.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Convenient Synthesis of Pentasubstituted Pyrroles from Alkyl Acetoacetates, Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates, and Amines.
Authors: Mehrabi Hossein , Anary‐Abbasinejad Mohammad , Mirhashemi Fatemeh 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA simple one‐pot protocol is developed for the two‐step synthesis of pyrroles via base mediated reaction of acetoacetates with acetylenedicarboxylates followed by cyclization with amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 3,5‐Disubstituted Isoxazoles and Evaluation of Their Antiageing Activity.
Authors: Koufaki Maria , Fotopoulou Theano , Kapetanou Marianna , Heropoulos Georgios A. , Gonos Efstathios S. , Chondrogianni Niki 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA series of 3,5‐disubstituted isoxazole derivatives is synthesized by microwave‐assisted 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of alkynes bearing protected antioxidant substituents with in situ generated nitrile oxides.
ChemInform Abstract: B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Prins/Ritter Reaction: A Novel Synthesis of Hexahydro‐1H‐furo[3,4‐c]pyranyl Amide Derivatives.
Authors: Reddy B.V. Subba , Ghanty Supriya , Kishore Ch. , Sridhar B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA facile protocol is developed for the three component reaction of tetrahydrofuran substrates (I) with carbonyl compounds and nitriles to produce the title compounds (IV), (VI), and (IX) under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: I2‐Catalyzed Base‐Free Cyclization of 3‐Homoallylquinoline‐2‐thiones: Facile Synthesis of Tetracyclic, Furothiopyrano[2,3‐b]quinolines.
Authors: Asthana Mrityunjaya , Sharma Neha , Kumar Ritush , Singh Jay Bahadur , Singh Radhey M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA simple protocol allows the iodine catalyzed cyclization of substrates (I) to give tetracyclic products (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Fused Thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Banothu Janardhan , Khanapur Manjulatha , Basavoju Srinivas , Bavantula Rajitha , Narra Muralikrishna , Abbagani Sadanandam 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA facile protocol allows the synthesis of thiazolopyrimidine derivatives by reaction of substrates (I) with acyl bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Imidazo‐, Oxa‐, and Thiazepine Ring Systems via Ring‐Opening of Aziridines/Cu‐Catalyzed C—N/C—C Bond Formation.
Authors: Ghorai Manas K. , Sahoo Ashis Kumar , Bhattacharyya Aditya 
Published: December 2014

AbstractConditions A) are highly suitable for the preparation of various ring‐opened addition products, precursors of the desired benzoxazepine and benzothiazepine structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of N‐Glycosyl‐3,3‐diaryloxindoles.
Authors: Langer Peter , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractVarious N‐glycosylated 3,3‐diaryloxindoles are prepared via AlCl3‐catalyzed reaction of isatins (I) with benzene derivatives and subsequent deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: Hericirine, a Novel Antiinflammatory Alkaloid from Hericium erinaceum.
Authors: Li Wei , Zhou Wei , Lee Dong‐Sung , Shim Sang Hee , Kim Youn‐Chul , Kim Young Ho 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHericirine (I) inhibits significantly protein expression of iNOS and COX‐2 and reduced NO, PEG2, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β production in RAW264.7 cells exposed to LPS.