bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outpatient Thyroid Surgery in a Low‐Surgical Volume Hospital
Authors: Ayala Marco Antonio , Yencha Myron William 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the safety and outcome of outpatient thyroid surgery in a small low‐surgical volume hospital. To evaluate clinical and social factors that may prohibit outpatient thyroid surgery.MethodsRetrospective analysis of all thyroid surgery performed at a low‐surgical volume hospital from August 2006 to July 2014. One‐hundred and sixty patients underwent thyroid surgery during the study period. Electronic medical records were reviewed for all patients. Data collection included demographic information, extent of thyroid surgery, length of hospital stay, laboratory/pathology results, co‐morbidities, and complications.ResultsOf the 160 patients who underwent thyroid surgery, 109 (68.1 %) were discharged on the day of surgery. Forty‐three patients (26.9 %) were admitted for 23‐h observation and eight patients (5 %) required full admission (longer than 24 h). Sixty‐one patients (38.1 %) underwent a total thyroidectomy, while 99 patients (61.9 %) underwent a hemithyroidectomy. Complications included four temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injuries (2.5 % patients/1.8 % of total RLN at risk), one permanent RLN injury (0.63 % patients/0.45 % of total RLN as risk), one temporary bilateral RLN injury (0.63 %), two delayed hematomas (1.3 %), and eight cases of transient hypocalcemia (5 %).ConclusionOutpatient thyroid surgery can be performed safely in a low‐surgical volume center. Reasons for a longer stay include clinical as well as social factors.
‘You can't have them in here’: experiences of accessing medication among older men on entry to prison
Authors: SULLIVAN VICTORIA , FORSYTH KATRINA , HASSAN LAMIECE , O'HARA KATE , SENIOR JANE , SHAW JENNY 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTOlder prisoners are the fastest growing sub-group in the English and Welsh prison estate. They have complex health needs, in spite of which there is a dearth of literature concerning their access to prescribed medication. Literature relating to younger prisoners highlights common issues around maintaining continuity of medication upon reception into prison custody. The objective of the study was to explore the lived experience of older male prisoners regarding continuity of medication upon entry into prison. This paper presents findings from part of a large-scale research project regarding health and social care services for older male adult prisoners. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with male participants (N = 27) aged 60 years and over who had been newly received into prison. Interviews were conducted within the first ten weeks of custody. Participants were asked about their experience of accessing medication on entry into prison. Data were analysed using the constant comparison method. Eighty-five per cent of participants were in receipt of prescribed medication when committed to prison. Older prisoners’ experiences of receiving medication in prison were reflected in four key themes: delays in confirming medicines; changes to medication; communication difficulties; and enforced helplessness. Whilst these experiences mirrored those of prisoners of all ages reported in previous studies, these issues are especially relevant to older prisoners who are likely to have greater and more complex medication needs than their younger peers. In addition, older prisoners experienced unmet needs related to restricted mobility and functional skills that could have impaired their ability to maintain concordance with medication regimes. This study shows that there is need for increased awareness of prescribing issues specific to older prisoners to allay related feelings of anxiety and distress and to ensure they receive appropriate medication.
A clonal outbreak of tuberculosis in a homeless population in the interior of British Columbia, Canada, 2008–2015
Authors: CHENG J. M. , HISCOE L. , POLLOCK S. L. , HASSELBACK P. , GARDY J. L. , PARKER R. 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYA tuberculosis (TB) case was reported May 2008 in Kelowna, British Columbia, leading to a multi-year outbreak in homeless persons. The epidemiological characteristics and social networks of cases are described. Outbreak-related cases were identified from epidemiological information in medical records and from genotyping of TB isolates. Social network information from case interviews were used to identify potential locations of TB transmission, where symptom screening and tuberculin skin testing was conducted. Fifty-two cases that were predominantly male (47/52), Canadian-born (44/50), and were homeless or associated with homeless individuals (42/52) were reported from May 2008 to May 2014. Many isolates (40/49) had partial resistance to isoniazid. Transmission primarily occurred at two homeless shelters, with potential further transmission at sites visited by the general population. TB outbreaks in homeless populations can occur in small, low-incidence cities. Social network information helped prioritize sites for TB screening, thereby improving detection of persons with TB disease or latent infection for treatment.
Metals in Human Gall, Bladder, and Kidney Stones Based on an Electron Microprobe Investigation
Authors: Moser Reinhard , Zaccarini Federica , Moser Waltraud , Schrittwieser Rudolf , Kerbl Reinhold 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSeveral particles of copper accompanied by a few particles of nickel, lead, and a compound composed of selenium containing minor Ni, Si, Cu, and Co were found in human gall, kidney, and bladder stones. The investigated particles occur as tiny grains, <10 µm in size, that are irregularly dispersed in the stones. Therefore, they were studied by scanning electron microscopy and qualitatively analyzed by energy dispersive system. One grain of copper contained a small amount of Ni and Zn, and some grains of nickel proved to contain Cr as trace element. Most of the discovered metals formed a single-phase grain. However, a few grains found in two gallstones were associated with inclusions of calcium and apatite. Based on the results presented in this contribution, we argue that most of the studied metals can be classified as endogenous particles, i.e., directly precipitated from the same fluids that formed their host human stones. This observation suggests that the precipitation and accumulation of metals in some human stones can be considered an efficient way to eliminate them from the human body.
Die OCDS-G: Psychometrische Kennwerte der deutschen Version der Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale
Authors: Mann Karl , Ackermann Klaus 
Published: May 2015

Der psychometrischen Erfassung subjektiv empfundenen Alkoholverlangens kommt möglicherweise eine wichtige Rolle bei der Einschätzung der Rückfallgefährdung und bei der Überprüfung von Maßnahmen zur Rückfallprophylaxe zu. Die Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS wurde von Anton et al. (1995, 1996) als 14-Item Kurzfragebogen zur Einschätzung des Alkoholverlangens vorgestellt. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird eine von uns erstellte und im Anhang wiedergegebene deutschsprachige Form dieses Bogens in einer Stichprobe von 206 alkoholabhängigen Patienten untersucht und bezüglich ihrer psychometrischen Kennwerte mit der angloamerikanischen Fassung verglichen. Die beiden für die Originalversion angegebenen Subscores »Obsessions« und »Compulsions« können durch eine Hauptkomponentenanalyse grundsätzlich bestätigt werden, liefern im Vergleich zur Gesamtskala jedoch kaum Zusatzinformation. Es resultieren angemessene Trennschärfekoeffizienten und gute bis sehr gute Cronbach-α Konsistenzen, die für die Subscores bei 0,87 und 0,79, für den Gesamtscore bei 0,90 liegen. Die Test-Retest-Reliabilität liegt ebenfalls bei 0,90. Substantielle Korrelationen bestehen mit der Einschätzung des Alkoholverlangens auf visuellen Analogskalen (von 0,54 bis 0,67) sowie mit der Zahl der Abstinenztage vor der stationären Aufnahme (von 0,40 bis 0,44). Die Studie zeigt, dass die OCDS-G die situationsübergreifende und summarische Selbsteinschätzung des Alkoholverlangens Alkoholabhängiger in dem gewählten Zeitfenster konsistent und reliabel erfasst. Es liegt nahe, dass sich auch die deutschsprachige Version der OCDS für Wirksamkeits- und Verlaufsstudien eignet, beispielsweise wenn sogenannte Anti-Craving-Substanzen beurteilt werden sollen.
Radikalisierung? Ein Interpretationsmodell jugendlichen Alkoholkonsums von 1986 bis 1998 in der Schweiz
Authors: Kuntsche Emmanuel N. 
Published: May 2015

Fragestellung: Gesundheitssurveys stellen unabdingbare Informationsquellen für Präventionsmaßnahmen dar. Aufgrund der Fülle an Informationen in solchen Umfragen ist es oftmals jedoch schwer, übergreifende und handlungsleitende Tendenzen zu entnehmen. Ausgehend von Annahmen zu abnehmenden Geschlechterdifferenzen und einem veränderten Einstiegsalter in Bezug auf regelmäßigen Alkoholkonsum versucht die vorliegende Studie ein Interpretationsmodell zu entwickeln. </P><P> Methodik: Die Daten stammen aus dem schweizerischen Teil des internationalen Projekts »Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC)«, in welchem 17.142 Schulkinder im Alter von 11, 13 und 15 Jahren von 1986 bis 1998 alle vier Jahre in der Schweiz national repräsentativ befragt wurden. </P><P> Ergebnisse: Es zeigt sich, dass der Anteil regelmäßig Alkoholkonsumierender unter Jüngeren leicht abgenommen hat, während er bei 15-Jährigen stark gestiegen ist. Analog hat sich der Anteil wiederholt betrunken Gewesener unter älteren Schulkindern drastisch erhöht. </P><P> Schlussfolgerungen: Aufgrund der Ergebnisse lässt sich von einer Radikalisierung jugendlichen Alkoholkonsums sprechen, deren präventive Implikationen abschließend erörtert werden.
Repräsentativerhebung zum Gebrauch psychoaktiver Substanzen bei Erwachsenen in Deutschland 2000
Authors: Kraus Ludwig , Augustin Rita 
Published: May 2015

Wie viele Bundesbürger konsumieren welche psychoaktiven Substanzen, welche Mengen konsumieren sie, wie häufig ist dies der Fall und welche Folgen hat dies? Der Bericht bietet Detailinformationen zum Gebrauch von Alkohol, Nikotin, Cannabis und anderen illegalen Drogen, schließlich auch psychotropen Medikamenten: Aufgeschlüsselt nach Altersgruppen, Geschlecht und Ost- und Westzugehörigkeit werden die Anteile von Konsumierenden und für Alkohol, Nikotin und Cannabis auch die erfragten Konsummengen dargestellt.
Sind Frauen von Männern mit Alkoholproblemen besonders partnerzentriert?
Authors: Galliker Mark , Grivel Madeleine , Klein Margot , Schendera Christian 
Published: May 2015

<B>Ziel:</B> Zur Überprüfung des Geltungsbereichs des ursprünglich für den Alkoholbereich entwickelten Konzeptes der Co-Abhängigkeit wird die begrifflich präziser gefasste Partnerzentriertheit untersucht. </P><P> <B>Stichprobe:</B> Die in der Untersuchung berücksichtigten Frauen werden per Zufallsauswahl dem Telefonbuch der Stadt Zürich entnommen (N=160). </P><P> <B>Design:</B> Folgende Gruppen werden miteinander verglichen: Frauen in Partnerschaften mit/ohne Alkoholproblemen; mit/ohne Erwerbstätigkeit; mit/ohne Kinder. </P><P> <B>Ergebnisse:</B> Frauen von alkoholabhängigen Partnern distanzieren sich zwar häufiger verbal von ihren Partnern, sie unterscheiden sich aber von Frauen ohne alkoholabhängigen Partner nicht in ihrer Partnerzentriertheit. Hingegen erweisen sich Frauen ohne Kinder sowie Frauen, die nicht erwerbstätig sind, im Vergleich zu Frauen mit Kindern bzw. erwerbstätigen Frauen häufiger als partnerzentriert. </P><P> <B>Schlussfolgerung:</B> Diese Ergebnisse sprechen gegen ein rein psychologisch verstandenes Konzept der Co-Abhängigkeit, das wichtige Lebensbedingungen der Frauen unberücksichtigt lässt.
A Mendelian randomization study of the effect of type-2 diabetes on coronary heart disease
Authors: Ahmad Omar S. , Morris John A. , Mujammami Muhammad , Forgetta Vincenzo , Leong Aaron , Li Rui , Turgeon Maxime , Greenwood Celia M.T. , Thanassoulis George , Meigs James B. , Sladek Robert , Richards J. Brent 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn observational studies, type-2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), yet interventional trials have shown no clear effect of glucose-lowering on CHD. Confounding may have therefore influenced these observational estimates. Here we use Mendelian randomization to obtain unconfounded estimates of the influence of T2D and fasting glucose (FG) on CHD risk. Using multiple genetic variants associated with T2D and FG, we find that risk of T2D increases CHD risk (odds ratio (OR)=1.11 (1.05–1.17), per unit increase in odds of T2D, P=8.8 × 10−5; using data from 34,840/114,981 T2D cases/controls and 63,746/130,681 CHD cases/controls). FG in non-diabetic individuals tends to increase CHD risk (OR=1.15 (1.00–1.32), per mmol·per l, P=0.05; 133,010 non-diabetic individuals and 63,746/130,681 CHD cases/controls). These findings provide evidence supporting a causal relationship between T2D and CHD and suggest that long-term trials may be required to discern the effects of T2D therapies on CHD risk.
Abnormal splicing switch of DMD’s penultimate exon compromises muscle fibre maintenance in myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Rau Frédérique , Lainé Jeanne , Ramanoudjame Laetitita , Ferry Arnaud , Arandel Ludovic , Delalande Olivier , Jollet Arnaud , Dingli Florent , Lee Kuang-Yung , Peccate Cécile , Lorain Stéphanie , Kabashi Edor , Athanasopoulos Takis , Koo Taeyoung , Loew Damarys , Swanson Maurice S. , Le Rumeur Elisabeth , Dickson George , Allamand Valérie , Marie Joëlle , Furling Denis 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMyotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a dominant neuromuscular disease caused by nuclear-retained RNAs containing expanded CUG repeats. These toxic RNAs alter the activities of RNA splicing factors resulting in alternative splicing misregulation and muscular dysfunction. Here we show that the abnormal splicing of DMD exon 78 found in dystrophic muscles of DM1 patients is due to the functional loss of MBNL1 and leads to the re-expression of an embryonic dystrophin in place of the adult isoform. Forced expression of embryonic dystrophin in zebrafish using an exon-skipping approach severely impairs the mobility and muscle architecture. Moreover, reproducing Dmd exon 78 missplicing switch in mice induces muscle fibre remodelling and ultrastructural abnormalities including ringed fibres, sarcoplasmic masses or Z-band disorganization, which are characteristic features of dystrophic DM1 skeletal muscles. Thus, we propose that splicing misregulation of DMD exon 78 compromises muscle fibre maintenance and contributes to the progressive dystrophic process in DM1.
Spheroidal carbonaceous particles are a defining stratigraphic marker for the Anthropocene
Authors: Swindles Graeme T. , Watson Elizabeth , Turner T. Edward , Galloway Jennifer M. , Hadlari Thomas , Wheeler Jane , Bacon Karen L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThere has been recent debate over stratigraphic markers used to demarcate the Anthropocene from the Holocene Epoch. However, many of the proposed markers are found only in limited areas of the world or do not reflect human impacts on the environment. Here we show that spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs), a distinct form of black carbon produced from burning fossil fuels in energy production and heavy industry, provide unambiguous stratigraphic markers of the human activities that have rapidly changed planet Earth over the last century. SCPs are found in terrestrial and marine sediments or ice cores in every continent, including remote areas such as the high Arctic and Antarctica. The rapid increase in SCPs mostly occurs in the mid-twentieth century and is contemporaneous with the ‘Great Acceleration’. It therefore reflects the intensification of fossil fuel usage and can be traced across the globe. We integrate global records of SCPs and propose that the global rapid increase in SCPs in sedimentary records can be used to inform a Global Standard Stratigraphic Age for the Anthropocene. A high-resolution SCP sequence from a lake or peatland may provide the much-needed ‘Golden Spike’ (Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point).
Observing microscopic structures of a relativistic object using a time-stretch strategy
Authors: Roussel E. , Evain C. , Le Parquier M. , Szwaj C. , Bielawski S. , Manceron L. , Brubach J.-B. , Tordeux M.-A. , Ricaud J.-P. , Cassinari L. , Labat M. , Couprie M.-E , Roy P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEmission of light by a single electron moving on a curved trajectory (synchrotron radiation) is one of the most well-known fundamental radiation phenomena. However experimental situations are more complex as they involve many electrons, each being exposed to the radiation of its neighbors. This interaction has dramatic consequences, one of the most spectacular being the spontaneous formation of spatial structures inside electrons bunches. This fundamental effect is actively studied as it represents one of the most fundamental limitations in electron accelerators and at the same time a source of intense terahertz radiation (Coherent Synchrotron Radiation, or CSR). Here we demonstrate the possibility to directly observe the electron bunch microstructures with subpicosecond resolution, in a storage ring accelerator. The principle is to monitor the terahertz pulses emitted by the structures, using a strategy from photonics, time-stretch, consisting in slowing-down the phenomena before recording. This opens the way to unpreceeded possibilities for analyzing and mastering new generation high power coherent synchrotron sources.
L-cystathionine inhibits oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced THP-1-derived macrophage inflammatory cytokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 generation via the NF-κB pathway
Authors: Zhu Mingzhu , Du Junbao , Liu Angie Dong , Holmberg Lukas , Chen Selena Y , Bu Dingfang , Tang Chaoshu , Jin Hongfang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to explore whether and how L-cystathionine had any regulatory effect on the inflammatory response in THP-1-derived macrophages cultured in vitro under oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stimulation. The human monocyte line THP-1 cell was cultured in vitro and differentiated into macrophages after 24 hours of PMA induction. Macrophages were pretreated with L-cystathionine and then treated with ox-LDL. The results showed that compared with the controls, ox-LDL stimulation significantly upregulated the expression of THP-1-derived macrophage MCP-1 by enhancing NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and DNA binding with the MCP-1 promoter. Compared with the ox-LDL group, 0.3 mmol/L and 1.0 mmol/L L-cystathionine significantly inhibited the expression of THP-1-derived macrophage MCP-1. Mechanistically, 0.3 mmol/L and 1.0 mmol/L L-cystathionine suppressed phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 protein, as well as the DNA binding activity and DNA binding level of NF-κB with the MCP-1 promoter, which resulted in a reduced THP-1-derived macrophage MCP-1 generation. This study suggests that L-cystathionine could inhibit the expression of MCP-1 in THP-1-derived macrophages induced by ox-LDL via inhibition of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and binding of the MCP-1 promoter sequence after entry into the nucleus.
Arginine methylation of hnRNPUL1 regulates interaction with NBS1 and recruitment to sites of DNA damage
Authors: Gurunathan Gayathri , Yu Zhenbao , Coulombe Yan , Masson Jean-Yves , Richard Stéphane 
Published: May 2015

AbstractArginine methylation is a post-translational modification required for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Cells deficient in protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) have DNA damage signaling defects, defective checkpoint activation and extensive genomic instability. Herein we identify the DNA damage protein and RNA binding protein, hnRNPUL1, to be a substrate of PRMT1. We identify the dimethylation of R584, R618, R620, R645 and R656, as well as the monomethylation of R661 R685 and R690 within hnRNPUL1 in U2OS cells by mass spectrometry. Moreover, we define the arginines within the RGG/RG motifs as the site of methylation by PRMT1 both in vitro and in vivo. The arginines 612, 618, 620, 639, 645, 656 and 661 within the human hnRNPUL1 RGG/RG motifs were substituted with lysines to generate hnRNPUL1RK. hnRNPUL1RK was hypomethylated and lacked the ability to interact with PRMT1, unlike wild type hnRNPUL1. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that hnRNPUL1RK had impaired ability to associate with the DNA damage protein NBS1. Moreover, hnRNPUL1RK was not recruited to sites of DNA damage, unlike wild type hnRNPUL1, in the presence of transcriptional inhibitors. These findings define a role for arginine methylation during the DNA damage response to regulate protein-protein interactions for the recruitment at sites of damage.
Water-soluble chlorophyll protein is involved in herbivore resistance activation during greening ofArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Boex-Fontvieille Edouard , Rustgi Sachin , von Wettstein Diter , Reinbothe Steffen , Reinbothe Christiane 
Published: May 2015

SignificanceHerbivory is one of the most important processes in the biosphere. When plants germinated underneath the soil or fallen leaves undergo skotomorphogenesis, they are especially prone to a vast range of seed predators and herbivorous arthropods. How greening plants protect themselves against these foes was thus far largely unknown. Here, we describe a mechanism how etiolated seedlings deter arthropod devourers. Our article thus contributes to the understanding of plant survival strategies in the natural environment.
Effect of Octreotide on Colonic Motility in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Recalcitrant Constipation
Authors: Ray Parashette Kalyan , Waseem Shamaila , Horn Debra , Shah Aali , Croffie Joseph 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the present study was to study the effect of octreotide on colonic motility in pediatric patients with recalcitrant chronic constipation/encopresis and other suspected colonic motility disorders.Methods:This was a nonrandomized, single‐center, open‐label, prospective study evaluating the effect of a single subcutaneous dose of octreotide on colonic motility.Results:Thirteen patients (5 boys) were enrolled in the study. The age range was 4.6 to 16.2 years. Eleven patients (84%) had normal colonic manometry and 2 patients (16%) had colonic neuropathy. Motility Index (MI) (mmHg) for the 15 minutes before and after octreotide infusion was 6.03 ± 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.35–6.72) and 5.32 ± 1.66 (95% CI 4.42–6.23), respectively, with P value of 0.08. MI for the 30 minutes before and after octreotide infusion was 6.89 ± 1.37 (95% CI 6.14–7.64) and 6.71 ± 1.47 (95% CI 5.91–7.52), respectively, with P value of 0.55. MI for the 45 minutes before and after octreotide infusion was 7.73 ± 1.32 (95% CI 7.01–8.45) and 7.53 ± 1.38 (95% CI 6.78–8.28), respectively, with P value of 0.8.Conclusion:Our study showed that the administration of octreotide resulted in no significant changes in colonic MI in pediatric patients with chronic recalcitrant constipation.