bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A genetic link between silicic slab components and calc-alkaline arc volcanism in central Mexico
Authors: Straub Susanne M. , Zellmer Georg F. , Gómez-Tuena Arturo , Espinasa-Pereña Ramon , Martin-del Pozzo Ana Lillian , Stuart Finlay M. , Langmuir Charles H. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

A fundamental question in the formation of orogenic andesites is whether their high melt SiO
2
reflects the recycling of silicic melts from the subducted slab or the processing of basaltic mantle melts in the overlying crust. The latter model is widely favoured, because most arc magmas lack the ‘garnet’ signature of partial slab melts. Here we present new trace element data from Holocene high-Mg# >64–72 calc-alkaline basalts to andesites (50–62 wt% SiO
2
) from the central Mexican Volcanic Belt that crystallize high-Ni olivines with the high
3
He/
4
He=7–8 of the upper mantle. These magmas have been proposed to be partial melts from ‘reaction pyroxenites’, which formed by hybridization of mantle peridotite (
c.
82–85%) and heavy rare earth element-depleted silicic slab melt (>15–18%). Forward and inverse models suggest that the absence of a garnet signature in these melts reflects the efficient buffering of the heavy rare earth elements (Ho to Lu) in the subarc mantle. In contrast, all elements more incompatible than Ho – excepting TiO
2
– are more or less strongly controlled by the silicic slab flux that also directly contributes to the silicic arc magma formation. Our study emphasizes the strong link between slab recycling and the genesis of orogenic andesites.

Supplementary material:

Methods, additional data and modelling parameters are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18686
Effects of sandstone provenance on reservoir quality preservation in the deep subsurface: experimental modelling of deep-water sand in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Tobin Rick C. , Schwarzer D. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Deep-water turbidite sandstone reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico have been sourced from a variety of provenance terrains. As a result, the framework composition of each reservoir in the basin varies widely, including volcanic-rich litharenite (Oligocene Vicksburg), feldspathic-rich lithic arkose (Oligocene Frio), metamorphic-rich feldspathic litharenite (Palaeogene Wilcox), lithic-poor quartzarenite (Miocene), quartz-rich sublitharenite (Cretaceous) and quartz- and feldspar-rich subarkose (Norphlet).
Provenance-driven differences in composition have a complex but critical influence on how each of these reservoirs responds to burial-induced changes in depth, fluid pressure, effective stress and temperature. A combination of Petromod® and Touchstone™ modelling programs are used in this study to simulate the influence of provenance on compaction and cementation of the main reservoir types in the Gulf of Mexico. For example, modelling results predict that at higher levels of thermal exposure, some lithic-rich sands, although more ductile and highly compacted, will experience less quartz cementation than less ductile, quartz-rich sands, thereby preserving a higher range of porosity and permeability. Furthermore, modelling results predict that temperature/effective stress/depth windows for optimal reservoir quality preservation vary widely depending on sandstone provenance.
The Bratten–Landegode gneiss complex: a fragment of Laurentian continental crust in the Uppermost Allochthon of the Scandinavian Caledonides
Authors: Augland Lars Eivind , Andresen Arild , Corfu Fernando , Agyei-Dwarko Nana Yaw , Larionov Alexander N. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

This report presents new field observations and geochronology (isotope-dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry/ID-TIMS and secondary-ion mass spectrometry/SIMS) on an igneous complex and its country rocks in the Bodø area, northern Norway, traditionally interpreted to represent the (par)autochthonous crust of Baltica (
c.
1.8 Ga). Field observations however indicate that the rocks are allochthonous and comprise the uppermost tectonostratigraphic level in the area. The presence of a migmatitic megacrystic granite with an emplacement age of 946 Ma strongly supports such an interpretation and indicates that the Bratten–Landegode gneiss complex is exotic with respect to Baltica. The 946 Ma granite intrudes metasedimentary rocks. The rocks were metamorphosed in the Late Ordovician and intruded by granitic pegmatites and diorites at 430 and 427 Ma, respectively. The Bratten–Landegode gneiss complex shows a close correlation with Mesoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic rock complexes in the East Greenland Caledonides and we interpret it to be a Laurentian pre-Caledonian continental fragment. The discovery of Laurentian pre-Caledonian continental crust in the Uppermost Allochthon calls for a revision of the tectonostratigraphy of this part of the Caledonides and provides important constraints on the sequence of events on the Laurentian margin prior to continent–continent collision between Baltica and Laurentia as well as on intercontinental interactions during the Caledonian orogeny.
MYC Phosphorylation at Novel Regulatory Regions Suppresses Transforming Activity
Authors: Wasylishen Amanda R. , Chan-Seng-Yue Michelle , Bros Christina , Dingar Dharmendra , Tu William B. , Kalkat Manpreet , Chan Pak-Kei , Mullen Peter J. , Huang Ling , Meyer Natalie , Raught Brian , Boutros Paul C. , Penn Linda Z. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Despite its central role in human cancer, MYC deregulation is insufficient by itself to transform cells. Because inherent mechanisms of neoplastic control prevent precancerous lesions from becoming fully malignant, identifying transforming alleles of MYC that bypass such controls may provide fundamental insights into tumorigenesis. To date, the only activated allele of MYC known is T58A, the study of which led to identification of the tumor suppressor FBXW7 and its regulator USP28 as a novel therapeutic target. In this study, we screened a panel of MYC phosphorylation mutants for their ability to promote anchorage-independent colony growth of human MCF10A mammary epithelial cells, identifying S71A/S81A and T343A/S344A/S347A/S348A as more potent oncogenic mutants compared with wild-type (WT) MYC. The increased cell-transforming activity of these mutants was confirmed in SH-EP neuroblastoma cells and in three-dimensional MCF10A acini. Mechanistic investigations initiated by a genome-wide mRNA expression analysis of MCF10A acini identified 158 genes regulated by the mutant MYC alleles, compared with only 112 genes regulated by both WT and mutant alleles. Transcriptional gain-of-function was a common feature of the mutant alleles, with many additional genes uniquely dysregulated by individual mutant. Our work identifies novel sites of negative regulation in MYC and thus new sites for its therapeutic attack. Cancer Res; 73(21); 6504–15. ©2013 AACR.
GM-CSF Promotes the Immunosuppressive Activity of Glioma-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells through Interleukin-4 Receptor-α
Authors: Kohanbash Gary , McKaveney Kayla , Sakaki Masashi , Ueda Ryo , Mintz Arlan H. , Amankulor Nduka , Fujita Mitsugu , Ohlfest John R. , Okada Hideho 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Malignant gliomas are lethal cancers in the brain and heavily infiltrated by myeloid cells. Interleukin-4 receptor-α (IL-4Rα) mediates the immunosuppressive functions of myeloid cells, and polymorphisms in the IL-4Rα gene are associated with altered glioma risk and prognosis. In this study, we sought to evaluate a hypothesized causal role for IL-4Rα and myeloid suppressor cells in glioma development. In both mouse de novo gliomas and human glioblastoma cases, IL-4Rα was upregulated on glioma-infiltrating myeloid cells but not in the periphery or in normal brain. Mice genetically deficient for IL-4Rα exhibited a slower growth of glioma associated with reduced production in the glioma microenvironment of arginase, a marker of myeloid suppressor cells, which is critical for their T-cell inhibitory function. Supporting this result, investigations using bone marrow-derived myeloid cells showed that IL-4Rα mediates IL-13–induced production of arginase. Furthermore, glioma-derived myeloid cells suppressed T-cell proliferation in an IL-4Rα–dependent manner, consistent with their identification as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plays a central role for the induction of IL-4Rα expression on myeloid cells, and we found that GM-CSF is upregulated in both human and mouse glioma microenvironments compared with normal brain or peripheral blood samples. Together, our findings establish a GM-CSF–induced mechanism of immunosuppression in the glioma microenvironment via upregulation of IL-4Rα on MDSCs. Cancer Res; 73(21); 6413–23. ©2013 AACR.
Tumor Stromal Architecture Can Define the Intrinsic Tumor Response to VEGF-Targeted Therapy
Authors: Smith Neil R. , Baker Dawn , Farren Matthew , Pommier Aurelien , Swann Ruth , Wang Xin , Mistry Sunita , McDaid Karen , Kendrew Jane , Womack Chris , Wedge Stephen R. , Barry Simon T. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the vascular and stromal architecture of preclinical tumor models and patient tumor specimens from malignancies with known clinical outcomes to VEGFi treatment, to gain insight into potential determinants of intrinsic sensitivity and resistance.
Experimental Design: The tumor stroma architecture of preclinical and clinical tumor samples were analyzed by staining for CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Tumor models representative of each phenotype were then tested for sensitivity to the VEGFR2-blocking antibody DC101.
Results: Human tumor types with high response rates to VEGF inhibitors (e.g., renal cell carcinoma) have vessels distributed amongst the tumor cells (a “tumor vessel” phenotype, TV). In contrast, those malignancies where single-agent responses are lower, such as non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), display a complex morphology involving the encapsulation of tumor cells within stroma that also supports the majority of vessels (a “stromal vessel” phenotype). Only 1 of 31 tumor xenograft models displayed the stromal vessel phenotype. Tumor vessel models were sensitive to VEGFR2-blocking antibody DC101, whereas the stromal vessel models were exclusively refractory. The tumor vessel phenotype was also associated with a better Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) response to bevacizumab + chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC).
Conclusion: The tumor stromal architecture can differentiate between human tumor types that respond to a VEGF signaling inhibitor as single-agent therapy. In addition to reconciling the clinical experience with these agents versus their broad activity in preclinical models, these findings may help to select solid tumor types with intrinsic sensitivity to a VEGFi or other vascular-directed therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 19(24); 6943–56. ©2013 AACR.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma from an Immunologic Perspective
Authors: Greten Tim F. , Duffy Austin G. , Korangy Firouzeh 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third most common cancer worldwide. It is an inflammation-associated cancer. Multiple investigators have demonstrated that analysis of the tumor microenvironment may be used to predict patient outcome, indicating the importance of local immune responses in this disease. In contrast with other types of cancer, in which surgery, radiation, and systemic cytotoxic chemotherapies dominate the treatment options, in hepatocellular carcinoma locoregional treatments are widely applied. Such treatments induce rapid tumor cell death and antitumor immune responses, which may favor or impair the patients' outcome. Recent immunotherapeutic studies demonstrating promising results include trials evaluating intratumoral injection of an oncolytic virus expressing granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, glypican-3 targeting treatments, and anti-CTLA4 treatment. Although some of these novel approaches may provide benefit as single agents, there is a clear opportunity in hepatocellular carcinoma to evaluate these in combination with the standard modalities to more effectively harness the immune response. Clin Cancer Res; 19(24); 6678–85. ©2013 AACR.
Comparing Lives in Plato, Laws 5
Authors: Warren James 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In Laws 5 (732d-734e), the Athenian argues in favour of virtuous over vicious lives on the basis that the former are preferable to the latter when we consider the pleasures and pains in each. This essay offers an interpretation of the argument which does not attribute to the Athenian an exclusively hedonist axiology. It argues for a new reading of the division of ‘types of life’ at 733c-d and suggests that the Athenian relies on the conclusion established earlier in the Laws that we humans take pleasure in harmony and order. Virtuous lives exhibit just such harmony and order and are therefore always more pleasant than and preferable to vicious lives.
Methodological Approaches to Projecting the Hydrologic Impacts of Climate Change*
Authors: Lofgren Brent M. , Gronewold Andrew D. , Acciaioli Anthony , Cherry Jessica , Steiner Allison , Watkins David 
Published: September 2013

AbstractClimate change due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) is expected to have important impacts on water resources, with a variety of societal impacts. Recent research has shown that applying different methodologies to assess hydrologic impacts can lead to widely diverging projections of water resources. The authors classify methods of projecting hydrologic impacts of climate change into those that estimate potential evapotranspiration (PET) based on air temperature and those that estimate PET based on components of the surface energy budget. In general, air temperature–based methods more frequently show reductions in measures of water resources (e.g., water yield or soil moisture) and greater sensitivity than those using energy budget–based methods. There are significant trade-offs between these two methods in terms of ease of use, input data required, applicability to specific locales, and adherence to fundamental physical constraints: namely, conservation of energy at the surface. Issues of uncertainty in climate projections, stemming from imperfectly known future atmospheric GHG concentrations and disagreement in projections of the resultant climate, are compounded by questions of methodology and input data availability for models that connect climate change to accompanying changes in hydrology. In the joint atmospheric–hydrologic research community investigating climate change, methods need to be developed in which the energy and moisture budgets remain consistent when considering their interaction with both the atmosphere and water resources. This approach should yield better results for both atmospheric and hydrologic processes.
A Nonparametric Multivariate Multi-Index Drought Monitoring Framework
Authors: Hao Zengchao , AghaKouchak Amir 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Accurate and reliable drought monitoring is essential to drought mitigation efforts and reduction of social vulnerability. A variety of indices, such as the standardized precipitation index (SPI), are used for drought monitoring based on different indicator variables. Because of the complexity of drought phenomena in their causation and impact, drought monitoring based on a single variable may be insufficient for detecting drought conditions in a prompt and reliable manner. This study outlines a multivariate, multi-index drought monitoring framework, namely, the multivariate standardized drought index (MSDI), for describing droughts based on the states of precipitation and soil moisture. In this study, the MSDI is evaluated against U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM) data as well as the commonly used standardized indices for drought monitoring, including detecting drought onset, persistence, and spatial extent across the continental United States. The results indicate that MSDI includes attractive properties, such as higher probability of drought detection, compared to individual precipitation and soil moisture–based drought indices. This study shows that the MSDI leads to drought information generally consistent with the USDM and provides additional information and insights into drought monitoring.
Smaller HDL particles are associated with absence of obstructive coronary artery disease in stable angina pectoris patients
Authors: Zeljkovic Aleksandra , Vekic Jelena , Spasojevic-Kalimanovska Vesna , Jelic-Ivanovic Zorana , Kalimanovska-Ostric Dimitra , Memon Lidija , Bogavac-Stanojevic Natasa , Topic Aleksandra , Spasic Slavica 
Published: September 2013

Background A research on novel cardiovascular risk factors is mainly focused on patients with clinically verified coronary artery disease (CAD), while less is known about their presence in symptomatic patients, but without angiographically proven occlusion of coronary arteries. The aim of this study was to compare plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) size and subclasses in stable angina patients with and without significant obstructive CAD. Methods LDL and HDL subclasses were analysed in 100 stable angina patients with ≥50% of obstruction and 40 patients with less than 50% of luminal narrowing, as assessed by coronary angiography. Results Patients with <50% of obstruction had reduced mean HDL size and higher proportion of small HDL particles ( P < 0.05). HDL size and proportion of small HDL particles were significant and independent predictors of obstructive CAD ( P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions Stable angina patients with <50% of coronary obstruction have more favourable HDL subclasses distribution than patients with significant coronary stenosis.
Coronary computed tomography angiography at 140 kV versus 120 kV: assessment of image quality and radiation exposure in overweight and moderately obese patients
Authors: Lee Ashley M , Engel Leif-Christopher , Hui Gladwin C , Liew Gary , Ferencik Maros , Sidhu Manavjot S , Hoffmann Udo , Ghoshhajra Brian B 
Published: September 2013

Background Although a tube potential of 140 kV is available on most computed tomography (CT) scanners, its incremental diagnostic value versus 120 kV has been controversial. Purpose To retrospectively evaluate the image quality and radiation exposure of cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) performed at 140 kV in comparison to CCTA at 120 kV in overweight and moderately obese patients. Material and Methods Eighty-eight patients who were referred for CCTA between January 2010 and May 2012 were included. Forty-four patients who were overweight or moderately obese (body mass index [BMI], 25–35 kg/m2) underwent CCTA with dual-source CT (DSCT) scanner at 140 kV. Forty-four match controls who underwent CCTA with DSCT at 120 kV were identified per BMI, average heart rate, scan indication, and scan acquisition mode. All scans were performed per routine protocols with direct physician supervision. Quantitative image metrics (CT attenuation, image noise, contrast-to-noise ratio [CNR], and signal-to-noise ratio [SNR] of left main [LM] and proximal right coronary artery [RCA]) were assessed. Effective radiation dose was compared between the two groups. Results Overall, all scans were diagnostic without any non-evaluable coronary segment per clinical report. 140 kV had a lower attenuation and image noise versus 120 kV ( P < 0.01). Both SNR and CNR of proximal coronary arteries were similar between 140 kV and 120 kV (SNR, LM P = 0.93, RCA P = 0.62; CNR, LM P = 0.57, RCA P = 0.77). 140 kV was associated with a 35.3% increase in effective radiation dose as compared with 120 kV (5.1 [3.6–8.2] vs. 3.3 [2.0–5.1] mSv, respectively; P < 0.01). Conclusion 140 kV CCTA resulted in similar image quality but a higher effective radiation dose in comparison to 120 kV CCTA. Therefore, in overweight and moderately obese patients, a tube potential of 120 kV may be sufficient for CCTA with diagnostic image quality.
Thermal and impedance studies of poly(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile)-based gel polymer electrolyte
Authors: Mathew Chithra M , Shanthi M , Rajendran S 
Published: September 2013

Poly(vinylidene chloride- co-acrylonitrile)-based gel polymer electrolytes are obtained using solution casting technique. The ionic conductivity and thermal behavior of polymer electrolytes have been investigated as a function of wt% of ethylene carbonate (EC). The thermal decompositions of polymer electrolytes have been determined by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis in the temperature range between 30 and 800°C. All the polymer complexes can be operated upto 170°C. This range well includes the operating temperature range of the lithium polymer batteries incorporating these materials. Bulk resistance of the electrolyte from alternating current (AC) impedance analysis gives the optimal EC ratio as 80 wt% for maximum ionic conductivity.
Patterns of Pain Medication Use During Last Months of Life in HIV-Infected Populations
Authors: Ruiz Marco , Armstrong Megan , Ogboukiri Tina , Anwar Dominique 
Published: September 2013

Introduction: This article describes the patterns of use of pain medicines of HIV-infected patients during last months of life in an HIV university-affiliated outpatient clinic. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our databases and identified patients who died over the last 12 months in our clinic. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory information were abstracted. Results: A total of 41 patients died in our HIV outpatient clinic in a period of 12 months. Opioid analgesics were prescribed for 21 (51%) patients, with 10 (48%) of these patients prescribed short-acting opioid analgesics alone, In all, 11 patients (52%) were on a short-acting and long-acting opioid combination, and 30 (73%) patients experienced pain that was not adequately controlled. Discussion: Pain control during the last months of life for this population appears to be suboptimal. Better strategies are needed.