bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development, implementation, and initial evaluation of a foundational open interoperability standard for oncology treatment planning and summarization
Authors: Warner Jeremy L , Maddux Suzanne E , Hughes Kevin S , Krauss John C , Yu Peter Paul , Shulman Lawrence N , Mayer Deborah K , Hogarth Mike , Shafarman Mark , Stover Fiscalini Allison , Esserman Laura , Alschuler Liora , Koromia George Augustine , Gonzaga Zabrina , Ambinder Edward P 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Objective Develop and evaluate a foundational oncology-specific standard for the communication and coordination of care throughout the cancer journey, with early-stage breast cancer as the use case.
Materials and Methods Owing to broad uptake of the Health Level Seven (HL7) Consolidated Clinical Document Architecture (C-CDA) by health information exchanges and large provider organizations, we developed an implementation guide in congruence with C-CDA. The resultant product was balloted through the HL7 process and subsequently implemented by two groups: the Health Story Project (Health Story) and the Athena Breast Health Network (Athena).
Results The HL7 Implementation Guide for CDA, Release 2: Clinical Oncology Treatment Plan and Summary, DSTU Release 1 (eCOTPS) was successfully balloted and published as a Draft Standard for Trial Use (DSTU) in October 2013. Health Story successfully implemented the eCOTPS the 2014 meeting of the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) in a clinical vignette. During the evaluation and implementation of eCOPS, Athena identified two practical concerns: (1) the need for additional CDA templates specific to their use case; (2) the many-to-many mapping of Athena-defined data elements to eCOTPS.
Discussion Early implementation of eCOTPS has demonstrated successful vendor-agnostic transmission of oncology-specific data. The modularity enabled by the C-CDA framework ensures the relatively straightforward expansion of the eCOTPS to include other cancer subtypes. Lessons learned during the process will strengthen future versions of the standard.
Conclusion eCOTPS is the first oncology-specific CDA standard to achieve HL7 DSTU status. Oncology standards will improve care throughout the cancer journey by allowing the efficient transmission of reliable, meaningful, and current clinical data between the many involved stakeholders.
Appropriateness of Gram-Negative Agent Use at a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Setting of Significant Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Vora Neil M. , Kubin Christine J. , Furuya E. Yoko 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground.  Practicing antimicrobial stewardship in the setting of widespread antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacilli, particularly in urban areas, is challenging.Methods.  We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital with an established antimicrobial stewardship program in New York, New York to determine appropriateness of use of gram-negative antimicrobials and to identify factors associated with suboptimal antimicrobial use. Adult inpatients who received gram-negative agents on 2 dates, 1 June 2010 or 1 December 2010, were identified through pharmacy records. Clinical data were collected for each patient. Use of gram-negative agents was deemed optimal or suboptimal through chart review and according to hospital guidelines. Data were compared using χ2 or Fischer's exact test for categorical variables and Student t test or Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables.Results.  A total of 356 patients were included who received 422 gram-negative agents. Administration was deemed suboptimal in 26% of instances, with the most common reason being spectrum of activity too broad. In multivariable analysis, being in an intensive care unit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], .49; 95% confidence interval [CI], .29–.84), having an infectious diseases consultation within the previous 7 days (aOR, .52; 95% CI, .28–.98), and having a history of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli within the past year (aOR, .24; 95% CI, .09–.65) were associated with optimal gram-negative agent use. Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination drug use (aOR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.35–5.16) was associated with suboptimal use.Conclusions.  Gram-negative agents were used too broadly despite numerous antimicrobial stewardship program activities.
Mutation detection in candidate genes for parauberculosis resistance in sheep
Authors: Moioli Bianca , De Grossi Luigi , Steri Roberto , D’Andrea Silvia , Pilla Fabio 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe marker-assisted selection exploits anonymous genetic markers that have been associated with measurable differences on complex traits; because it is based on the Linkage Disequilibrium between the polymorphic markers and the polymorphisms which code for the trait, its success is limited to the population in which the association has been assessed. The identification of the gene with effect on the target and the detection of the functional mutations will allow selection in independent populations, while encouraging studies on gene expression. The results of a genome-wide scan performed with the Illumina Ovine SNP50K Beadchip, on 100 sheep, 50 of which positive at paratuberculosis serological assessment, identified two candidate genes of immunity response, the PCP4 and the CD109, located in proximity of the markers with different allele frequency in positive and negative sheep. The coding region of the two genes was directly sequenced: three missense mutations were detected: two in the PCP4 gene and one in the second exon of the CD109 gene. The PCP4 mutations had a very low frequency (.12 and .07) so making hazardous to hypothesize their direct effect on immune response. On the contrary, the mutation detected in the CD109 gene showed a strong linkage disequilibrium with the anonymous marker. Direct sequencing of the DNA of sheep of different populations showed that disequilibrium was maintained. Allele frequency at the hypothesized marker associated to immune response, calculated for other breeds of sheep, showed that the marker allele potentially associated to disease resistance is more frequent in the local breeds and in breeds that have not been submitted to selection programs.
How to build an innovators’ network
Authors: Barnes B. Kim , LeCointre Olivier 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how to build and maintain an active network of innovators inside a large organization.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper describes the process used by a senior manager at a large pharmaceutical company in France to create a flexible structure that would enable innovators and seekers of innovation to connect and move interesting and promising ideas toward implementation.

Findings
– One of the authors describes his approach, which included inviting graduates of a program in innovation management to design the structure of the network. He has successfully conducted about 30 problem-centered network sessions, based upon the process taught in the Managing Innovation program (a copyrighted program of Barnes & Conti Associates Inc. and David Francis, PhD) These sessions have successfully moved a number of practical and creative ideas forward.

Research limitations/implications
– The authors believe that this type of innovation network could be replicated successfully in other large organizations. The process, however, requires a senior manager who is a very involved and invested sponsor/champion.

Practical implications
– Problems that require innovative solutions can be brought to a diverse group of innovators who are interested in working on it. The format involves multiple, rapid prototyping, and saves considerable time and money while providing practical and vetted solutions or inventions.

Social implications
– An innovation network provides an outlet for members to use their creative imagination to address a wide variety of problems. In this way, they can continue to build their own skills while contributing value to their organizations.

Originality/value
– Leaders always hope to maximize the value of their investment in training and development. Creating a format that takes advantage of and continues to build skills in areas such as innovation management optimizes an organization's ROI in leadership development while providing a valuable service to the organization.
Training the world: using archetypes to create a practical global learning strategy
Authors: Mesch Richard , Comolli Stacie 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to define a new methodology for designing corporate learning for a global audience and to provide a case study of that methodology in action. The Global Learning Archetypes approach adapts well-established cultural preference models and combines them with insightful learning models. The result is three primary Global Learning Archetypes and six secondary archetypes that allow training to be designed once and used around the world.

Design/methodology/approach
– The Global Learning Archetype approach was created by evaluating well-established global cultural preferences models, integrating them with a proprietary learning criteria model, and developing a model for rapidly and cost-effectively creating learning for multiple geographies. Additionally, a case study illustrates both the challenges and successes when implementing this model in a large global corporation.

Findings
– Most organizations create global learning either by creating content in their “home” location and then adapting it for other locations, or by distributing a single version of content and trusting local facilitators to provide context for it. The first method is expensive and time-consuming; the second method is risky and unreliable. The Global Archetype method provides for creating learning interactions that are appropriate for multiple geographies in a single effort.

Practical implications
– Most large organizations are global, and smaller organizations increasingly have a global footprint. According to Fortune Magazine, the Fortune Global 500 are headquartered in 37 different countries and do business in over 150 different countries. An Institute for the Future/Intuit study notes that by 2018, half of all US small businesses will be involved in international trade. CSA Research observes that businesses spend about US$31 billion a year on localization. A method for providing global learning in both an impactful and cost-effective way is clearly necessary.

Originality/value
– The Global Learning Archetypes method is comparatively new, but it draws from well-established and well-vetted content on worldwide cultural preferences and on effective learning criteria. As such, it is a valuable synthesis of the proven and the innovative. Far more than a conceptual model, the Global Archetypes have been used by some of the largest organizations in the world; a case study of one such implementation is provided in this paper.
Forecasting virus disease in seed potatoes using flight activity data of aphid vectors
Authors: Steinger T. , Goy G. , Gilliand H. , Hebeisen T. , Derron J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe compiled data from the Swiss seed certification programme for the country‐wide incidence of viruses in seed potato crops for the years 1989–2012. Model selection techniques were used to regress year‐to‐year variation in the incidence of potato viruses – largely dominated by Potato virus Y (PVY) – in three susceptible varieties against the abundance of virus vectors (winged aphids), obtained in a suction trap, to identify the most important vector species. The ultimate aim of this study was to develop a decision‐support system capable of forecasting virus spread during the current season using trap data of aphid flights. The average virus incidence in the varieties Bintje, Sirtema and Charlotte varied considerably among years, ranging from 1.0% in 2009 to 13.6% in 1989 (N = 150–611 seed lots per year). A linear regression model including the cumulative sums (until mid‐June) of two aphid species (Brachycaudus helichrysi and Phorodon humuli) as predictor variables for virus disease was remarkably well supported by the data (R2 = 0.86). Similarly, using counts of B. helichrysi alone resulted in a good model fit (R2 = 0.81). Cross‐validation revealed high predictive accuracy of the model. Although prediction root mean squared errors (RMSE) calculated for different timings of forecasts were high for extremely early forecasts, they rapidly declined for forecasts conducted by the end of May (i.e. 2–4 weeks after potato emergence). Winter temperature (January–February) was positively correlated with the abundance of B. helichrysi in early summer as well as with post‐harvest virus incidence. Remarkably, the abundance of Myzus persicae, often considered the main vector of PVY, was not correlated with virus incidence. Taken together, our analysis suggests that the early migrating aphid B. helichrysi, rather than M. persicae, is the main vector of PVY in Switzerland, and that suction trap data are useful for the design of decision‐support systems aimed to optimise virus control in seed potato production.
Effects of untreated two‐phase olive mill pomace on potted olive plantlets
Authors: Endeshaw S.T. , Lodolini E.M. , Neri D. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTTwo‐phase pomace represents an important environmental problem in Mediterranean areas. With its high organic content, direct application of two‐phase pomace in the field is recommended to improve soil organic carbon levels and fertility. However, this does not consider any antagonistic effects that this application might have on root proliferation and biomass partitioning. We studied the effects of untreated two‐phase pomace on properties of growth substrate, and on shoot and root growth and biomass allocation of potted olive plantlets. A pot experiment was carried out in a greenhouse over 90 days, with five levels of two‐phase pomace and using two olive cultivars. The effects on shoot growth, leaf pigment content and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII) were assessed each month. After 90 days, the shoot and root biomass of the olive plants was quantified, along with total organic matter, and carbon, nitrogen and polyphenol contents of the growth substrate and shoots, and the fine root nutritional status. Two‐phase pomace increased the total organic matter, total nitrogen and polyphenol contents of the growth substrate. It significantly altered biomass partitioning in the olive plantlets, with reduced shoot dry mass and leaf area, and new shoot formation. It also increased fine and total root dry mass for all two‐phase pomace levels except 40%. There were no significant differences in leaf pigment content and ΦPSII across the treatment levels. Therefore, application of untreated two‐phase pomace at more than 4% induces a severe imbalance in olive plantlet biomass partitioning, and shoot and root growth.
Consent: a practical guide
Authors: Khoury BS , Khoury JN 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSocietal change through an increase in knowledge and accessibility of education as well as a push for autonomy has contributed to a shift in the balance of power from clinician to patient (especially in the last 20 years). This drive for personal autonomy has seen a shift from medical paternalism, a consequence of ignorance, to personal autonomy, a continuously evolving by‐product of 17th century liberalism as expressed and facilitated by access of information. Consequently, patient‐centred care has become the new standard for health care involving a two‐way communication process of shared information and informed decision‐making. At its centre is the patient's right to accept or decline treatment recommended by a clinician, be it detrimental or beneficial. Clinicians must recognize and appreciate this shift to patient‐centred care and its legal ramifications.
Development and validation of a symptom‐based severity score for haemorrhoidal disease: the Sodergren score
Authors: Pucher P. H. , Qurashi M. , Howell A.‐M. , Faiz O. , Ziprin P. , Darzi A. , Sodergren M. H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimOne major obstacle in assessing the efficacy of treatment of haemorrhoids and the comparison of trials has been the lack of a standardized, validated symptom severity score. This study aimed to develop an objective, validated symptom‐based score of severity for haemorrhoids that can be used to compare treatments, monitor disease and assist in surgical decisions.MethodA symptom and quality‐of‐life questionnaire was developed from the literature in conjunction with expert surgical opinion. The questionnaire was circulated to patients with confirmed haemorrhoids. A statistical model was used to derive a weighted score of symptoms most affecting patients' quality of life. Patients who were offered operative treatment were independently judged by specialists to have more severe symptoms, with further validation of the scoring system against treatment.ResultsForty‐five patients were included in final validation analysis, of whom 44 (98%) reported multiple symptoms, the most common being rectal bleeding. Patient‐reported effects on quality of life were 47.5 ± 36.3 (1–100 visual analogue scale). Calculated symptom severity scores were used to compare patients receiving operative or ambulatory care, with significant difference in the scores (7.7 ± 3.9 vs 2.8 ± 3.5, P = 0.002) and a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.842.ConclusionA novel validated score for the assessment of haemorrhoidal disease adopting a standardized global score for symptom severity may have important implications in future for research, assessment and the management of this common pathology.
Silencing dishevelled‐1 sensitizes paclitaxel‐resistant human ovarian cancer cells via AKT/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signalling
Authors: Zhang Kun , Song Haixing , Yang Ping , Dai Xiaozhen , Li Ya , Wang Lan , Du Jun , Pan Kejian , Zhang Tao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectivesExpression of dishevelled‐1 (DVL1) has recently been linked to cancer progression, however, its role in resistance to cancer therapy is unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the function of DVL1 in paclitaxel‐resistant human ovarian cancer cells.Materials and methodsThe MTT assay was used to assess effects of DVL1 silencing on sensitivity of cells that were otherwise resistant to paclitaxel (Taxol). Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine effects of DVL1 on AKT/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signalling.ResultsDishevelled‐1 was found to be over‐expressed in a paclitaxel‐resistant cell line derived from human ovarian cancer cell line A2780 (A2780/Taxol line) as well as parental A2780 cells. Down‐regulation of DVL1 (using the inhibitor 3289‐8625 or siRNA (siDVL1) against DVL1) sensitized A2780/Taxol cells to paclitaxel. Over‐expression of DVL1 in A2780 cells increased protein levels of P‐gp, BCRP and Bcl‐2, which are known targets of β‐catenin. Silencing DVL1 in A2780/Taxol cells also reduced levels of these proteins, and led to accumulation of β‐catenin. In addition, DVL1 aberrantly activated AKT/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signalling. Inactivation of AKT signalling attenuated DVL1‐mediated inhibition of GSK‐3β and accumulation of β‐catenin, in both A2780 and A2780/Taxol cells.ConclusionsTaken together, these results suggest that silencing DVL1 sensitized A2780/Taxol cells to paclitaxel, by down‐regulating AKT/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signalling, providing a novel strategy for chemosensitization of ovarian cancer to paclitaxel‐induced cytotoxicity.
Cardiovascular risk and events after liver transplantation. Experiences from 313 consecutive transplants with a follow‐up of 20 years
Authors: Schoening Wenzel , Neidel Nadja , Buescher Niklas , Andreou Andreas , Pascher Andreas , Seehofer Daniel , Bahra Marcus , Schmitz Volker , Pratschke Johann , Puhl Gero 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the third leading cause of late death after liver transplantation (LT). The old PROCAM score was described in males (aged 35–65 yr) to estimate cardiovascular events after LT. New PROCAM is now available to estimate risks for cardiovascular events in both genders and for a wider age range (25–75 yr). We tested old and new PROCAM in long‐term follow‐up (10 and 20 yr) and described CVD risk factors, kidney function, and immunosuppression over two decades.A retrospective study of 313 consecutive LTs was conducted. At 10 (T2) and 20 (T3) yr, patients were screened for cardiovascular events, and for T1 (0.5 yr) and T2, CVD risk factors were recorded and old and new PROCAM calculated. PROCAM estimates were compared with observed events.CVD risk factors increased significantly over time and kidney function decreased. Between T1 and T2 in males, fewer events were observed (o) than estimated (e) (males: o: 3 vs. e: 6.05–9.88; females o: 2 vs. e: 1.35–4.21). For both genders, new PROCAM was appropriate between T2 and T3 (males o: 8; e: 4.5–8.57; females o: 2; e: 1.2–4.46).New PROCAM sufficiently estimates cardiovascular risk after LT, while overestimation in T1‐T2 may be due to strict surveillance.
Prevalence and incidence of clinically recognized cases of Type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents in Rwanda, Africa
Authors: Marshall S. L. , Edidin D. , Arena V. C. , Becker D. J. , Bunker C. H. , Gishoma C. , Gishoma F. , LaPorte R. E. , Kaberuka V. , Ogle G. , Sibomana L. , Orchard T. J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimsTo determine prevalence and incidence estimates for clinically recognized cases of Type 1 diabetes from the Life For a Child Program (LFAC) with onset < 26 years in six representative districts, and the capital, of Rwanda.MethodsCases were identified from the LFAC registry and visits to district hospitals. Denominators were calculated from district‐level population surveys. Period prevalence data were collected from 1 August 2011 to 31 July 2012 and annual incidence rates were calculated, retrospectively, for 2004–2011. Ninety‐five per cent confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using a Poisson distribution.ResultsThe prevalence of known Type 1 diabetes in seven districts in Rwanda for ages < 26 years was 16.4 [95% CI 14.6–18.4]/100 000 and for < 15 years was 4.8 [3.5–6.4]/100 000. Prevalence was higher in females (18.5 [15.8–21.4]/100 000) than males (14.1 [11.8–16.7]/100 000; P = 0.01) and rates increased with age. The annual incidence rate for those < 26 years was stable between 2007 and 2011 with a mean incidence over that time of 2.7 [2.0–3.7]/100 000 ( < 15 years = 1.2 [0.5–2.0]/100 000). Incidence rates were higher in females than males and peaked in males at ages 17 and 22 years and in females at age 18 years.ConclusionsOur report of known Type 1 diabetes cases shows lower incidence and prevalence rates in Rwanda than previously reported in the USA and most African countries. Incidence of recognized cases has increased over time, but has recently stabilized. However, the likelihood of missed cases due to death before diagnosis and misdiagnosis is high and therefore more definitive studies are needed.