bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution de la réglementation et des régimes du travail en Chine: rétrospective et enjeux
Authors: CHAN Chris King‐Chi , NADVI Khalid 
Published: February 2015

RésuméLa puissance économique de la Chine repose sur son industrie manufacturière, forte d'une main‐d'œuvre disciplinée et qualifiée mais peu rémunérée. Face à une agitation sociale croissante, l'Etat a pris des initiatives pour réglementer et améliorer les conditions d'emploi. Les coordinateurs de ce numéro spécial de la Revue internationale du Travail replacent ici les contributions qui le composent dans le contexte des débats sur la réglementation du travail dans la production mondiale – notamment réglementation non contraignante par opposition à réglementation contraignante – et sur l'évolution du marché du travail, des normes du travail et des relations professionnelles en Chine. Ils concluent par des suggestions de recherches à venir.
Régimes de production, relations professionnelles et différends du travail dans le secteur automobile en Chine
Authors: LÜTHJE Boy 
Published: February 2015

RésuméLes grèves de 2010 dans le secteur automobile du sud de la Chine ont suscité d'importantes réformes des relations professionnelles dans la province de Guangdong. S'appuyant sur un vaste travail empirique dans les grandes usines d'assemblage automobile et leurs fournisseurs, l'auteur élabore une typologie des régimes de production qui sert de cadre pour analyser les changements des relations professionnelles, mieux comprendre la diversification des activités manufacturières en Chine, et conceptualiser la fragmentation et la segmentation des relations professionnelles entre les entreprises, la cascade des sous‐traitants et les pôles régionaux dans l'industrie automobile. L'auteur conclut par des perspectives de réformes.
Determination of Boron Concentration in Geochemical Reference Materials Extracted by Pyrohydrolysis and Measured by ICP‐MS
Authors: Michel Agnès , Noireaux Johanna , Tharaud Mickaël 
Published: February 2015

This article presents new boron concentrations for nine geochemical reference materials (GS‐N, FK‐N, GL‐O, BX‐N, DT‐N, AN‐G, GH, Mica‐Fe, Mica‐Mg). After extraction by a modified pyrohydrolysis technique, boron concentrations were measured by ICP‐MS. The blank levels for the whole procedure were 0.091 ± 0.020 ng ml−1 or 14 ± 5 ng of boron in total. The method was first validated by measuring nine reference materials with known boron concentrations. The determined boron concentrations are all within the range of recommended or published values, which means that the yields were 100%, and show precisions below 10% for samples containing over 2 μg g−1 of boron.
QRS Fragmentation and QTc Duration Relate to Malignant Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: DEBONNAIRE PHILIPPE , KATSANOS SPYRIDON , JOYCE EMER , VAN DEN BRINK OLIVIER V.W. , ATSMA DOUWE E. , SCHALIJ MARTIN J. , BAX JEROEN J. , DELGADO VICTORIA , MARSAN NINA AJMONE 
Published: February 2015

QRS Fragmentation and QTc in Hypertrophic CardiomyopathyBackgroundQRS fragmentation (fQRS) and prolonged QTc interval on surface ECG are prognostic in various cardiomyopathies other than hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The association between fQRS and prolonged QTc duration with occurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias or sudden cardiac death (VTA/SCD) in patients with HCM was explored.Methods and ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐five clinical HCM patients were studied. QTc duration was derived applying Bazett's formula; fQRS was defined as presence of various RSR’ patterns, R or S notching and/or >1 additional R wave in any non‐aVR lead in patients without pacing or (in)complete bundle branch block. The endpoints comprised SCD, ECG documented sustained VTA (tachycardia or fibrillation) or appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapies (antitachycardia pacing [ATP] or shock) for VTA in ICD recipients (n = 58 [30%]). QT prolonging drugs recipients were excluded. After a median follow‐up of 5.7 years (IQR 2.7–9.1), 26 (13%) patients experienced VTA or SCD. Patients with fQRS in ≥3 territories (inferior, lateral, septal, and/or anterior) (p = 0.004) or QTc ≥460 ms (p = 0.009) had worse cumulative survival free of VTA/SCD than patients with fQRS in <3 territories or QTc <460 ms. fQRS in ≥3 territories (ß 4.5, p = 0.020, 95%CI 1.41–14.1) and QTc ≥460 ms (ß 2.7, p = 0.037, 95%CI 1.12–6.33) were independently associated with VTA/SCD. Likelihood ratio test indicated assessment of fQRS and QTc on top of conventional SCD risk factors provides incremental predictive value for VTA/SCD (p = 0.035).ConclusionsBoth fQRS in ≥3 territories and QTc duration are associated with VTA/SCD in HCM patients, independently of and incremental to conventional SCD risk factors.
Electrical and Thermal Effects of Esophageal Temperature Probes on Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Results from a Computational Modeling Study
Authors: PÉREZ JUAN J. , D'AVILA ANDRE , ARYANA ARASH , BERJANO ENRIQUE 
Published: February 2015

Electrical and Thermal Effects of Esophageal Temperature ProbesIntroductionLuminal esophageal temperature (LET) monitoring is commonly employed during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) to detect high esophageal temperatures during radiofrequency (RF) delivery along the posterior wall of the left atrium. However, it has been recently suggested that in some cases the esophageal probe itself may serve as an RF “antenna” and promote esophageal thermal injury. The aim of this study was to assess the electrical and thermal interferences induced by different types of commercially available esophageal temperature probes (ETPs) on RF ablation.Methods and ResultsIn this study, we developed a computational model to assess the electrical and thermal effects of 3 different types of ETPs: a standard single‐sensor and 2 multisensor probes (1 with and 1 without metallic surfaces). LET monitoring invariably underestimated the maximum temperature reached in the esophageal wall. RF energy cessation guided by LET monitoring using an ETP yielded lower esophageal wall temperatures. Also, the phenomenon of thermal latency was observed, particularly in the setting of LET monitoring. Most importantly, while only the ETP with a metallic surface produced minimal electrical alterations, the magnitude of this interference did not appear to be clinically significant.ConclusionTemperature rises in both the esophageal wall and the ETP seem to be primarily produced by thermal conduction, and not caused by electrical and/or thermal interactions between the ablation catheter and the ETP, itself. As such, the proposed notion of the “antenna effect” producing satellite esophageal lesions during AF ablation was not evident in this study.
Annual Research Review: A meta‐analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents
Authors: Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Salum Giovanni A. , Sugaya Luisa S. , Caye Arthur , Rohde Luis A. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThe literature on the prevalence of mental disorders affecting children and adolescents has expanded significantly over the last three decades around the world. Despite the field having matured significantly, there has been no meta‐analysis to calculate a worldwide‐pooled prevalence and to empirically assess the sources of heterogeneity of estimates.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of the literature searching in PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE for prevalence studies of mental disorders investigating probabilistic community samples of children and adolescents with standardized assessments methods that derive diagnoses according to the DSM or ICD. Meta‐analytical techniques were used to estimate the prevalence rates of any mental disorder and individual diagnostic groups. A meta‐regression analysis was performed to estimate the effect of population and sample characteristics, study methods, assessment procedures, and case definition in determining the heterogeneity of estimates.ResultsWe included 41 studies conducted in 27 countries from every world region. The worldwide‐pooled prevalence of mental disorders was 13.4% (CI 95% 11.3–15.9). The worldwide prevalence of any anxiety disorder was 6.5% (CI 95% 4.7–9.1), any depressive disorder was 2.6% (CI 95% 1.7–3.9), attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder was 3.4% (CI 95% 2.6–4.5), and any disruptive disorder was 5.7% (CI 95% 4.0–8.1). Significant heterogeneity was detected for all pooled estimates. The multivariate metaregression analyses indicated that sample representativeness, sample frame, and diagnostic interview were significant moderators of prevalence estimates. Estimates did not vary as a function of geographic location of studies and year of data collection. The multivariate model explained 88.89% of prevalence heterogeneity, but residual heterogeneity was still significant. Additional meta‐analysis detected significant pooled difference in prevalence rates according to requirement of funcional impairment for the diagnosis of mental disorders.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that mental disorders affect a significant number of children and adolescents worldwide. The pooled prevalence estimates and the identification of sources of heterogeneity have important implications to service, training, and research planning around the world.
Protein kinase A directly phosphorylates metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 to modulate its function
Authors: Uematsu Ken , Heiman Myriam , Zelenina Marina , Padovan Júlio , Chait Brian T. , Aperia Anita , Nishi Akinori , Greengard Paul 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMetabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) regulates excitatory post‐synaptic signaling in the central nervous system (CNS) and is implicated in various CNS disorders. Protein kinase A (PKA) signaling is known to play a critical role in neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and addiction. Dopamine signaling is known to modulate the properties of mGluR5 in a cAMP‐ and PKA‐dependent manner, suggesting that mGluR5 may be a direct target for PKA. Our study identifies mGluR5 at Ser870 as a direct substrate for PKA phosphorylation and demonstrates that this phosphorylation plays a critical role in the PKA‐mediated modulation of mGluR5 functions such as extracellular signal‐regulated kinase phosphorylation and intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. The identification of the molecular mechanism by which PKA signaling modulates mGluR5‐mediated cellular responses contributes to the understanding of the interaction between dopaminergic and glutamatergic neuronal signaling.image
We identified serine residue 870 (S870) in metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) as a direct substrate for protein kinase A (PKA). The phosphorylation of this site regulates the ability of mGluR5 to induce extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. This study provides a direct molecular mechanism by which PKA signaling interacts with glutamate neurotransmission.
Transcriptional Regulation of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase in the Male Mouse Amygdala by Dietary Phyto‐Oestrogens
Authors: Sandhu K. V. , Yanagawa Y. , Stork O. 
Published: February 2015

Phyto‐oestrogens are biologically active components of many human and laboratory animal diets. In the present study, we investigated, in adult male mice with C57BL/6 genetic background, the effects of a reduced phyto‐oestrogens intake on anxiety‐related behaviour and associated gene expression in the amygdala. After 6 weeks on a low‐phyto‐oestrogen diet (< 20 μg/g cumulative phyto‐oestrogen content), animals showed reduced centre exploration in an open‐field task compared to their littermates on a soybean‐based standard diet (300 μg/g). Freezing behaviour in an auditory fear memory task, in contrast, was not affected. We hypothesised that this mildly increased anxiety may involve changes in the function of GABAergic local circuit neurones in the amygdala. Using GAD67+/GFP mice, we could demonstrate reduced transcription of the GAD67 gene in the lateral and basolateral amygdala under the low‐phyto‐oestrogen diet. Analysis of mRNA levels in microdissected samples confirmed this regulation and demonstrated concomitant changes in expression of the second glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) isoform, GAD65, as well as the anxiolytic neuropeptide Y. These molecular and behavioural alterations occurred without apparent changes in circulating oestrogens or testosterone levels. Our data suggest that expression regulation of interneurone‐specific gene products in the amygdala may provide a mechanism for the control of anxiety‐related behaviour through dietary phyto‐oestrogens.
Anchoring on Credit Spreads
Authors: DOUGAL CASEY , ENGELBERG JOSEPH , PARSONS CHRISTOPHER A. , VAN WESEP EDWARD D. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper documents that the path of credit spreads since a firm's last loan influences the level at which it can currently borrow. If spreads have moved in the firm's favor (i.e., declined), it is charged a higher interest rate than is justified by current fundamentals, whereas if spreads have moved to the firm's detriment, it is charged a lower rate. We evaluate several possible explanations for this finding, and conclude that anchoring to past deal terms is most plausible.
Going Off Script: How Managers Make Sense of the Ending of Their Careers
Authors: Vough Heather C. , Bataille Christine D. , Noh Sung Chul , Lee Mary Dean 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe extant retirement literature primarily focuses on factors that influence the decision to retire and the generic retirement decision‐making process. While these approaches have extended our understanding of retirement decision‐making, we propose a sensemaking perspective that orients our attention towards the subjective meanings people attach to the factors that trigger the retirement decision, rather than simply the factors themselves. Accordingly, we see the retirement decision‐making process as bounded by situational constraints and rooted in identity work. Based on interviews with 48 retired Canadian executives and managers, we use thematic narrative analysis to identify six types of end‐of‐career narratives. Drawing on these narratives, we present a model of identity work that distinguishes between retirement decision‐making factors that are perceived as identity opportunities and those that are perceived as identity threats. Our findings contribute to scholarly understanding of subjective meanings and identity considerations in the process of ending one's career.
In-vitro characterisation of a novel celecoxib microbead formulation for the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer
Authors: McDonald Bernard F , Quinn Alison M , Devers Tomas , Cullen Alan , Coulter Ivan S , Marison Ian W , Loughran Sinéad T 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a life-threatening disease that can develop as a consequence of a sustained chronic inflammatory pathology of the colon. Although not devoid of side effects, the anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib (CLX) has been shown to exert protective effects in CRC therapy. The purpose of this study was to develop and characterise a novel CLX microbead formulation suitable for use in the treatment and prevention of CRC, which has the potential to minimise the side effects associated with CLX.

Methods
The study involved the assessment of the effectiveness of CLX formulations in an in-vitro cell model (HT29 cells) and a comparison of these effects to that of the marketed CLX product, Celebrex. Liquid CLX formulations were developed as precursors to microbead formulations. The effect of liquid CLX formulations on HT29 cell viability (MTT and flow cytometry apoptotic assays) and motility (scratch wound assay) were assessed and compared with the effect of Celebrex. A correlation between the in-vitro dissolution performance of the formulations and the effect in the cell model was also explored. Liquid CLX formulations were translated into an optimised CLX microbead formulation, and a colonic targeted sustained release coat (Surelease) was applied to the beads with the aim of producing a formulation for a future in-vivo study to compare the effect of the coated CLX microbeads versus Celebrex in the attenuation of CRC tumours and inflammation in a CRC murine model. The production of CLX microbeads was scaled-up using vibrating-jet encapsulation technology to allow for the development of an optimised dissolution profile to enable colonic release.

Key findings
In-vitro cell viability and motility were shown to be significantly reduced after treatment with CLX liquid formulations relative to the control, whereas the results for treatment with Celebrex were comparable with the control. Dissolution experiments and correlation analysis demonstrated that the formulations that showed a greater extent of drug release had reduced cell viability and motility. The CLX liquid formulations were translated into colon-targeted CLX microbeads suitable for use in a future in-vivo mouse study.

Conclusions
These results represent a significant step forward in the chemopreventative treatment of CRC using CLX, as the microbead formulation developed suggests the possibility of presenting CLX in a format that has the potential to minimise gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects.
DNA barcoding the genus Chara: molecular evidence recovers fewer taxa than the classical morphological approach
Authors: Schneider Susanne C. , Rodrigues Anuar , Moe Therese Fosholt , Ballot Andreas 
Published: February 2015

Charophytes (Charales) are benthic algae with a complex morphology. They are vulnerable to ecosystem changes, such as eutrophication, and are red‐listed in many countries. Accurate identification of Chara species is critical for understanding their diversity and for documenting changes in species distribution. Species delineation is, however, complicated, because of high phenotypic plasticity. We used barcodes of the ITS2, matK and rbcL regions to test if the distribution of barcode haplotypes among individuals is consistent with species boundaries as they are currently understood. The study included freshly collected and herbarium material of 91 specimens from 10 European countries, Canada and Argentina. Results showed that herbarium specimens are useful as a source of material for genetic analyses for aquatic plants like Chara. rbcL and matK had highest sequence recoverability, but rbcL had a somewhat lower discriminatory power than ITS2 and matK. The tree resulting from the concatenated data matrix grouped the samples into six main groups contrary to a traditional morphological approach that consisted of 14 different taxa. A large unresolved group consisted of C. intermedia, C. hispida, C. horrida, C. baltica, C. polyacantha, C. rudis, C. aculeolata, and C. corfuensis. A second unresolved group consisted of C. virgata and C. strigosa. The taxa within each of the unresolved groups shared identical barcode sequences on the 977 positions of the concatenated data matrix. The morphological differences of taxa within both unresolved groups include the number and length of spine cells, stipulodes, and bract cells. We suggest that these morphological traits have less taxonomic relevance than hitherto assumed.
Transparent exopolymer particle production and aggregation by a marine planktonic diatom (Thalassiosira weissflogii) at different growth rates
Authors: Chen Jie , Thornton Daniel C.O. 
Published: February 2015

Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) play an important role in the ocean carbon cycle as they are sticky and affect particle aggregation and the biological carbon pump. We investigated the effect of growth rate on TEP production in nitrogen limited semi‐continuous cultures of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) G. Fryxell & Hasle. Steady‐state diatom concentrations and other indicators of biomass (chl a, and total carbohydrate) were inversely related to growth rate, while individual cell volume increased with growth rate. There was no change in total TEP area with growth rate; however, individual TEP were larger at high growth rates and the number of individual TEP particles was lower. TEP concentration per cell was higher at higher growth rates. SYTOX Green staining showed that <5% of the diatom population had permeable cell membranes, with the proportion increasing at low growth rates. However, TEP production rates were greater at high growth rates, refuting our hypothesis that TEP formation is dependent on dying cells with compromised cell membranes in a diatom population. Measurements of particle size distribution in the cultures using laser scattering showed that they were most aggregated at high growth rates. These results indicate a coupling between TEP production and growth rate in diatoms under N limitation, with fast growing T. weissflogii producing more TEP and aggregates.
Assessing Idaho Rural Family Physician Scope of Practice Over Time
Authors: Schmitz David , Baker Ed , MacKenzie Lisa , Kinney Logan , Epperly Ted 
Published: February 2015

AbstractContextAn important consideration determining health outcomes is to have an adequate supply of physicians to address the health needs of the community.PurposeThe purpose of this investigation was to assess scope of practice factors for Idaho rural family physicians in 2012 and to compare these results to findings from a 2007 study.MethodsThe target population in this study was rural family physicians in Idaho counties with populations of fewer than 50,000. Identical surveys and methods were utilized in both 2007 and 2012.ResultsThe physician survey was mailed to 252 rural physicians and was returned by 89 for a response rate of 35.3%. Parametric and nonparametric statistical analyses were conducted to analyze the 2012 results and to assess changes in scope of practice across the time periods.DiscussionThe percentage of rural family physicians in Idaho in 2012 who provided prenatal care, vaginal deliveries, and nursing home care was significantly lower than the results from the 2007 survey. Female physicians were more likely to provide prenatal care and vaginal deliveries than males in 2012. Male physicians were more likely to provide emergency room coverage and esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy services than females in 2012. Younger physicians were found to be more likely to provide inpatient admissions and mental health services in 2012 than older physicians. Employed physicians were more likely to provide cesarean delivery, other operating room services and emergency room coverage in 2012 than nonemployed physicians. Further research is needed to assess the root causes of these changes.