bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 pandemic exacerbation of disparities in access to public abortion services in Mexico
Authors: Kravitz Elizabeth , Saavedra-Avendaño Biani , Darney Blair G 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundWe describe clients in Mexico City’s public abortion programme, Interrupción Legal de Embarazo (ILE), during the COVID-19 pandemic and test whether the pandemic exacerbated inequities in access.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of all abortions in the ILE programme from 1 January 2019 to 30 June 2022. We compared patients from within and outside the Mexico City Metropolitan area (ZMVM) by pandemic stage (pre-, acute-, mid- and late-COVID periods) and assessed changes in client characteristics (adolescent age, education, weeks’ gestation) by place of residence (ZMVM vs outside the ZMVM) using linear probability models clustered on state.ResultsWe included 45 031 abortions. The proportion of abortions to women who travelled from outside the ZMVM decreased from 6.5% pre-COVID to 4.4%–4.8% in in the acute, mid- and late-COVID periods. The adjusted probability of being an adolescent who travelled from outside the ZMVM dropped between pre-COVID (14.4%, 95% CI 12.7% to 16.1%) and mid-COVID (9.3%, 95% CI 7.9% to 10.7%). The proportion of abortions to women with a high school education stayed fairly flat among those travelling, while it rose among those residing in the ZMVM. The adjusted probability of presenting at 11 gestational weeks or greater was higher among women residing in the ZMVM in the pre-pandemic period; this flipped during all pandemic stages, with a higher probability of presenting at 11 weeks or greater among those who travelled from outside the ZMVM.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing disparities in who can access ILE services. To reduce inequities in access to essential health services, public sector abortion services should be made available in all Mexican states.
Tumor microenvironment biomarkers predicting pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: post-hoc analysis of a single center, phase 2 study
Authors: Feng Tingting , Li Qian , Zhu Rui , Yu Chang , Xu Liwei , Ying Lisha , Wang Canming , Xu Weiming , Wang Jinchao , Zhu Jing , Huang Minran , Xu Chenyang , Jin Jiaoyue , Zhang Xiaotian , Lu Tingting , Yang Ying , Zhu Changbin , Chen Qixun , Su Dan 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundNeoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy has a promising effect on locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, reliable biomarkers robustly predicting therapeutic response are still lacking.MethodsFormalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded pre-neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy biopsy samples from locally advanced ESCC patients were collected. Cohort 1 composed of 66 locally advanced ESCC patients from a prospective clinical trial (NCT04506138) received two cycles of camrelizumab in combination with nab-paclitaxel and carboplatin every 3 weeks. Cohort 2 included 48 patients receiving various types of immune checkpoint inhibitors with (nab-)paclitaxel and platinum-based chemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy. Cohort 3 consisted of 27 ESCC patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment of toripalimab with chemotherapy and was used as the external validation dataset. Targeted RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry for programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) imaging were performed.ResultsIntegration of targeted RNA sequencing, PD-L1 immunohistochemistry, and mIF revealed a significant immune-suppressive microenvironment with higher neutrophil infiltration, enriched TGF-β, and cell cycle pathways in non-pathological complete response (non-pCR) patients. NK, activated CD4+T cell infiltration, interferon-gamma, antigen processing and presentation, and other immune response signatures were significantly associated with pCR. Based on discovered tumor microenvironmental characteristics and their closely related genes were screened. Consequently, a seven-gene neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy risk prediction signature (NCIRPs) model, was constructed. In addition to cohort 1, this model alone or with PD-L1-combined positive score (CPS) demonstrated a higher prediction accuracy of pathological response than PD-L1 CPS or other routinely used immune signatures, such as IFN-γ, in cohorts 2 and 3. Neither prognostic association nor correlation with response to chemoradiotherapy was observed in The Cancer Genome Atlas Program ESCC dataset or in ESCC patients in the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy cohort (cohort 4).ConclusionThe NCIRPs model that was developed and validated using treatment-naïve endoscopic samples from the largest ESCC neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy dataset represents a robust and clinically meaningful approach to select a putative responder for neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in locally advanced ESCC patients.
Identification of Siglec-10 as a new dendritic cell checkpoint for cervical cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Congwen , He Lewei , Peng Jing , Lu Chong , Zhang Meng , Qi Xingling , Zhang Mingxing , Wang Yumeng 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe occurrence of chronic inflammation resulting from infection with human papillomaviruses is an important factor in the development of cervical cancer (CC); thus, deciphering the crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment and innate immune cells during the establishment of immune tolerance is vital for identifying potential treatment strategies.MethodsSingle-cell RNA sequencing data and primary tumor samples from patients with CC were used to evaluate the functional role of Siglec-10 on dendritic cells (DCs). Patient-derived tumor fragment platforms were used to examine the ability of Siglec-10 blockade to reinvigorate DC-mediate T-cell activation and tumor clearance.ResultsHere, we demonstrated that Siglec-10 is a prominent inhibitory checkpoint for DCs infiltrated in CC. CC epithelial cells use their aberrant surface sialylated structures to induce the transformation of conventional DCs into phenotypes characterized by low immunogenicity and high immunotolerance. Additionally, Siglec-10+DCs suppress the function of adaptive T cells via galectin-9 signaling to strengthen the immunosuppressive CC microenvironment. Disturbance of Siglec-10 signaling restored the DC-mediated tumoricidal response and increased adaptive T cells sensitivity to programmed cell death protein 1 inhibition.ConclusionOur study confirms the checkpoint role of Siglec-10 on DCs and proposes that targeting Siglec-10 may be a promising avenue for immunotherapy against CC.
Incidence and outcomes of falls in an inpatient palliative care unit: a single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Stack Paul , Fischer Amanda , Good Phillip 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundFalls are a significant concern in healthcare settings. While comprehensive strategies to prevent falls are employed in hospitals, there is a lack of information regarding falls within inpatient palliative care units.MethodThis retrospective cohort study analysed fall incidence, characteristics and outcomes in a metropolitan inpatient palliative care unit over a 1 year period. Falls were identified using the online incident reporting system and patient characteristics, fall risk assessment and prevention measures were obtained through the electronic patient records.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 61 falls by 51 patients out of a total of 525 admitted patients. The incidence of falls was 9.7% and the rate of falls was 5.8 falls per 1000 bed days for all admitted patients. Though more than half of falls resulted in no injury, 41% of patients with falls died within a week post-fall. Fall risk assessment was completed for 97% of patients at the time of the fall.ConclusionThis study contributes to the understanding of falls in inpatient palliative care units. Fall risk assessment and prevention measures did not appear to alter the rate of falls among patients who fell. Fall prevention strategies need to be tailored to meet patient autonomy, end of life goals and maintain healthcare standards.
Analytic solutions of the DGLAP evolution and theoretical uncertainties
Authors: Simonelli Andrea 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe energy dependence for the singlet sector of Parton Distributions Functions (PDFs) is described by an entangled pair of ordinary linear differential equations. Although there are no exact analytic solutions, it is possible to provide approximated results depending on the assumptions and the methodology adopted. These results differ in their sub-leading, neglected terms and ultimately they are associated with different treatments of the theoretical uncertainties. In this work, a novel analytic approach in Mellin space is presented and a new methodology for obtaining closed and exponentiated analytic solutions is devised. Different results for the DGLAP evolution at Next-Leading-Order are compared, discussing advantages and disadvantages for each solution. The generalizations to higher orders are addressed.
Assessment, Diagnosis and Management Strategies for Forearm Shaft Non-union: A Contemporary Perspective
Authors: MANIGLIO Mauro , AGUIAR Francisco , RONER Simon , ZAIDENBERG Ezequiel E. 
Published: August 2024

Forearm non-union poses a challenge in orthopaedic surgery due to its intricate anatomy and functional significance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the assessment, diagnosis and management of forearm non-union. Initial evaluation involves a meticulous history, physical examination and imaging studies to identify factors contributing to non-union, including infection. Surgical approaches are discussed, with emphasis on restoring biomechanical stability and promoting bone healing. Treatment options range from autografts to allografts, with considerations for vascularised bone transfers in complex cases. Decision-making strategies are outlined, considering patient-specific factors and individualised treatment plans. Special considerations for specific types of forearm non-unions are addressed, along with postoperative care protocols to optimise healing and functional outcomes. Overall, this review aims to provide clinicians with a comprehensive understanding of forearm non-union management based on current evidence and clinical practice. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Dual Mobility Trapeziometacarpal Joint Arthroplasty: A Survey on Variations in Surgical Techniques and Patient Management
Authors: TIMÓTEO Agata Durdzińska , KULKARNI Kunal , KNIE Nina Fee , SIALA Mahdi , VAN DER STOK Johan 
Published: August 2024

Background: Dual mobility total joint arthroplasty is gaining popularity for trapeziometacarpal joint (TMCJ) arthritis, with evolving indications, surgical technique and rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to obtain detailed insight into the variations in indications, surgical technique and rehabilitation for TMCJ arthroplasty with dual mobility implants, across a large international cohort of surgeons. The secondary aim was to analyse if there were differences in TMCJ arthroplasty between highly and less experienced surgeons. Methods: An anonymised online survey was developed and distributed to the international hand surgery community of surgeons performing TMCJ arthroplasty. Responses were summarised, and a sub-analysis comparing indications, contra-indications, surgical technique, implant placement, rehabilitation and complications between highly and less experienced surgeons was performed. Results: Of the 203 included respondents, 59 were considered highly experienced. Most respondents perform TMCJ arthroplasty under regional anaesthesia (84%), via a dorsolateral approach (78%) and with image-guidance for cup placement (84%). However, there is considerable variation in handling of scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) arthritis, cup positioning landmarks, postoperative immobilisation, first extensor compartment release and revision techniques. Highly experienced surgeons performed TMCJ arthroplasty for a larger proportion of their patients undergoing surgery for TMCJ arthritis, and a trapezium smaller than 8 mm or STT-OA was less frequently considered a contra-indication. Highly experienced surgeons preferred freehand osteotomy of the metacarpal and allowed office workers to return to work earlier. Conclusions: This survey shows that there is considerable variation in (contra)indications, surgical technique and rehabilitation amongst surgeons performing TMCJ arthroplasty, but only a few differences between highly and less experienced surgeons were identified. This data provides a reference for surgeons who want to familiarise themselves with increasingly popular procedure and may help surgeons already performing TMCJ arthroplasty to identify potential topics for future research to optimise its outcome. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
A Pilot Study of the CD38 Antagonist Daratumumab in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma or Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Campbell Matthew T. , Shah Amishi Y. , Msaouel Pavlos , Tannir Nizar M. , Siefker-Radtke Arlene O. , Kamat Ashish M. , Navai Neema , Dinney Colin P.N. , Rao Priya , Guo Charles C. , Sheth Rahul A. , Venkatesan Aradhana M. , Tidwell Rebecca S. , Yadav Shalini S. , Gu Aidi , Chen Hong , Macaluso Marc , Duan Fei , Basu Sreyashi , Jindal Sonali , Sharma Padmanee 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
We performed a pilot study of daratumumab (an mAb directed against CD38) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and treatment-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Experimental Design:
Patients with MIBC underwent baseline transurethral resection of the bladder tumor followed by four weekly doses of daratumumab prior to cystectomy. Patients with mRCC underwent baseline and sequential biopsies after eight weekly doses. The primary endpoint was safety. The secondary endpoints were pathologic complete response rate for the MIBC cohort and objective response rate and progression-free survival for the mRCC cohort. Exploratory analyses included immune monitoring and overall survival. A Bayesian sequential monitoring design for toxicity was used for excessive toxicity.

Results:
In both the MIBC (n = 8) and mRCC (n = 8) cohorts, no toxicity events were encountered. In the MIBC cohort, one patient experienced pathologic complete response rate. In the mRCC cohort, no objective responses were reported, and the median progression-free survival was 1.5 months (95% confidence interval, 1.1–1.8 months). Immune monitoring found significant reductions in NK cells in circulation in both cohorts after treatment. In the tissue analysis, IHC found evidence of diminished CD38 presence in mRCC with treatment, whereas the baseline levels in MIBC were low.

Conclusion:
Treatment with daratumumab was safe. No signal of efficacy was detected in mRCC, and conclusions on the activity in MIBC were limited. Evidence of daratumumab targeting CD38 was detected in circulating immune cells and within the tumor microenvironment of mRCC and MIBC.

Significance:
In this prospective clinical trial of daratumumab, treatment in patients with MIBC and mRCC was safe. Limited efficacy was observed. Treatment with daratumumab resulted in CD38-expressing immune cell subsets to be targeted both in circulation and within the tumor microenvironment.
ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЧНА ОЦІНКА СТАНУ ЯКОСТІ ВОДИ КРЕМЕНЧУЦЬКОГО ВОДОСХОВИЩА ЗА 2021 РІК
Authors: Бондаренко Ю. Г. , Папач В. В. , Тищук М. М. 
Published: August 2024

Мета: вивчити стан якості води Кременчуцького водосховища. Встановити причини розвитку синьо-зелених водоростей (СЗВ) та розробити напрямки оздоровлення водосховища. Вивчити можливий вплив синьо-зелених водоростей на мікробіологічні та санітарно-хімічні показники води і стан здоров’я людини.
Матеріали і методи. Лабораторно-інструментальні методи дослідження якості води в Кременчуцькому водо­сховищі за санітарно-гігієнічними (температура, забарвленість, розчинений кисень, біологічна потреба кисню (БПКп), перманганатна, біхроматна окислюваність та ін.) і мікробіологічними показниками (індекс лактозопозитивної кишкової палички (ЛКП). Також використовували статистичні, епідеміологічні, бібліографічні, спосте­режні, аналітичні методи досліджень.
Результати. Моніторинговими дослідженнями встановлено, що вода Кременчуцького водосховища в межах Черкаської області зазнає слабкого та помірного ступенів забруднення (II і III ступені). У місцях масового розвитку синьо-зелених водоростей та де вони скупчуються (плями «цвітіння») у відкритих частинах водосховища й у зонах нагону (бухти та узбережжя) вода відноситься до ІV-V ступенів якості води поверхневих водойм.
«Цвітіння» води у водосховищі – це інтегральний результат різкої перебудови гідрологічного і гідрохімічного режиму водосховища, його підсилюючої антропогенної евтрофікації, приклад надзвичайно високої біологічної продуктивності водосховищ по одному-трьох видах СЗВ, які мають виключно пристосувальні особливості.
Висновок. Запобігти небезпечному «цвітінню» води дозволить введення інтегрованого управління водними ресурсами, підвищення контролю за скидами у водойми неочищених стічних вод, перенесення рішення проблем від­ходів на «початок труби», значне зниження фосфорного навантаження на водоймище, що передбачає насамперед скорочення використання детергентів, які містять фосфор.
ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЇ ТА ПРОФІЛАКТИКИ ХВОРОБИ ЛАЙМА НА БУКОВИНІ
Authors: Тимофійчук Л. І. , Власик Л. Й. , Колодніцька Т. Л. , Власик Л. І. , Гопко Н. В. 
Published: August 2024

Мета: проаналізувати спонтанний рівень інфікування іксодових кліщів бореліями, оцінити його ступінь та ризик захворіти на хворобу Лайма (ХЛ) постраждалих від укусів кліщами людей.
Матеріали і методи. Матеріалами дослідження слугували дані епідеміологічного нагляду за захворюваністю на ХЛ (А69.2), дані зооентомологічного моніторингу кліщів та оцінки ступеня індивідуальної інфікованості методом експрес-індикації борелій. Використано соціологічний та статистичний методи: аналіз динамічних рядів, кореляційний аналіз.
Результати. На Буковині за період 2007–2021 рр. мав місце ріст захворюваності на ХЛ, за останній рік уперше обласний рівень перевищив загальноукраїнський показник (6,45 проти 5,85 на 100 тис. населення). Виявлено тенденцію до зростання відсотка спонтанно заражених кліщів Ixodes ricinus бореліми в природних стаціях області (2015–2021) з 2,3 до 22,7 % та знятих з людей – з 7,3 до 39,3 %. Знайдено сильну пряму кореляцію (r=0,88; p˂0,01) між даними показниками. Від 20,8 до 27,5 % доставлених на дослідження кліщів були зняті з людей у перші 3 дні нападу.
Висновки. Наведені дані свідчать про розширення ареалу природних і антропургічних вогнищ ХЛ на території області. Посилення уваги потребують дератизаційні, акарацидні заходи, питання санітарного стану населених пунктів та санітарно-просвітньої роботи. Експрес-індикація борелій у кліщах, що присмокталися до людини, у випадку отримання позитивного результату сприяє ранній профілактиці захворювання.
Insight in the (Phospho)proteome of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Derived From Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Reveals Novel Disease Mechanisms
Authors: Rombouts Karlijn B. , van Merrienboer Tara A.R. , Henneman Alex A. , Knol Jaco C. , Pham Thang V. , Piersma Sander R. , Jimenez Connie R. , Bogunovic Natalija , van der Velden Jolanda , Yeung Kak Khee 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized by weakening and dilatation of the aortic wall in the abdomen. The aim of this study was to gain insight into cell-specific mechanisms involved in AAA pathophysiology by analyzing the (phospho)proteome of vascular smooth muscle cells derived from patients with AAA compared with those of healthy donors.

METHODS:
A (phospho)proteomics analysis based on tandem mass spectrometry was performed on vascular smooth muscle cells derived from patients with AAA (n=24) and healthy, control individuals (C-SMC, n=8). Following protein identification and quantification using MaxQuant, integrative inferred kinase activity analysis was used to calculate kinase activity scores.

RESULTS:
Expression differences between vascular smooth muscle cells derived from patients with AAA and healthy, control individuals were predominantly found in proteins involved in ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling (THSD4 [thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing protein 4] and ADAMTS1 [A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1]), energy metabolism (GYS1 [glycogen synthase 1] and PCK2 [phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial]), and contractility (CACNA2D1 [calcium voltage-dependent channel subunit α-2/δ-1] and TPM1 [tropomyosin α-1 chain]). Phosphorylation patterns on proteins related to actin cytoskeleton organization dominated the phosphoproteome of vascular smooth muscle cells derived from patients with AAA . Besides, phosphorylation changes on proteins related to energy metabolism (GYS1), contractility (PARVA [α-parvin], PPP1R12A [protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A], and CALD1 [caldesmon 1]), and intracellular communication (GJA1 [gap junction α-1 protein]) were seen. Kinase activity of NUAK1 (NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1), FYN (tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn), MAPK7 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 7), and STK10 (serine/threonine kinase 10) was different in vascular smooth muscle cells derived from patients with AAA compared with those from healthy, control individuals.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study revealed changes in expression and phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in various processes responsible for AAA progression and development (eg, energy metabolism, ECM remodeling, actin cytoskeleton organization, contractility, intracellular communication, and cell adhesion). These newly identified proteins, phosphosites, and related kinases provide further insight into the underlying mechanism of vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction within the aneurysmal wall. Our omics data thereby offer the opportunity to study the relevance, either as drug target or biomarker, of these proteins in AAA development.
Endovascular Treatment With or Without Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Tandem Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hu Yaowen , Jiang Xin , Li Yanbo , Yang Chuang , Ma Mengmeng , Fang Jinghuan , He Li 
Published: August 2024

Background
Endovascular treatment (EVT) has been demonstrated to be effective for patients with tandem occlusion. The efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis before EVT in patients with tandem occlusion remain debatable.

Methods and Results

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis with PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to September 2023. The primary outcome was functional independence, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 at 90 days. The secondary outcomes included the successful recanalization rate, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and mortality at 90 days. In total, 9 studies with 1838 enrolled participants were identified. Our results showed that, compared with treatment with EVT alone, intravenous thrombolysis before EVT was associated with a greater proportion of functional independence at 90 days (odds ratio [OR], 1.39 [95% CI, 1.14–1.69];
P
=0.001), a greater rate of successful recanalization (OR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.11–1.89];
P
=0.007) and decreased mortality (OR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.50–0.93];
P
=0.02). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage between the intravenous thrombolysis plus EVT group and the EVT alone group (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.79–1.70];
P
=0.45).

Conclusions
In patients with acute ischemic stroke and tandem occlusion, intravenous thrombolysis before EVT was associated with a greater rate of favorable functional outcomes and successful recanalization and a lower mortality rate without an increased risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage compared with patients receiving EVT alone.