bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religion and the foundation of urban difference: belief, transcendence and transgression in South Africa and Johannesburg
Authors: LANDAU LOREN B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBecause of tectonic shifts in South Africa's political economy, overlapping, often translocal, systems of exchange, meaning and privilege are transforming the country's post‐imperial order. In the ‘estuarial’ zones where various demographic and ideational currents converge to create spaces of ongoing flux, religion serves as a mechanism of exclusion and a means of place making. In almost all cases, the historical privatization of religion among the country's black majority has meant that negotiations over difference and belonging take place beyond the sphere of state intervention and policy. The results are forms of horizontal citizenship that are uncertain and impermanent but often involve novel subjectivities shaped by local conditions but without defined territorial boundaries. Religious practices that resonate with migrants’ nomadic impermanence, while hindering the consolidation of hegemonic political or social orderings, are crucial to these formations.
Time, generation and context in narratives of migrant and religious journeys
Authors: WONG DIANA 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTaking migration as the point of departure and biographical narratives as the entry to the formation of the religious self and the texture of religious life, I draw from four key narratives – one each from the Christian, Islamic, Hindu and Chinese religious/Buddhist traditions – to examine how religion intersects with migration in migrant and religious journeys. I conceptualize migration as an intergenerational process, transcending the physicality of the actual move through lived experience in the web of collective narratives, transmitted through family memory on the one hand, and official state narratives on the other. Hence, I also draw these four narratives from different migrant generations, located in different registers of migrant temporality and state policies and politics. In exploring their attempts to make sense of their migrant lives in the changing contexts of time and place, specific migrant generations use specific religious idioms to create particular narratives of the religious migrant self. In the article, I highlight the encounter with other gods in the making of the religious self, as well as differences in the way religion travels. This portability of religion in a world of migration has been one reason, I suggest, for the failure of the secularization thesis to gain traction in the contemporary world.
Regrounding the sacred: transnational religion, place making and the politics of diaspora among the Congolese in London and Atlanta
Authors: GARBIN DAVID 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDrawing on case studies of several Congolese churches in London and Atlanta, in this article I explore the practices and strategies of religious territorialization associated with the politics of diaspora. A focus on the manifold ways of enacting and performing diasporic religious identities enables one to understand how religious actors connect spaces and temporalities to carve out spiritual and symbolic cartographies. More specifically, I analyse the particular interplay of diasporic politics, religious identity, place and history in the context of political crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The transnational scope of the groups studied – Catholics, Kimbanguists and Pentecostals – significantly shapes their diasporic religious experience as they are embedded in larger polycentric social fields and ‘sacredscapes’ within which people, money, ideas, images, objects or values circulate. I also link the individual and collective experiences of diasporic religion to the shaping role of power relations and conflicts within wider transnational social fields.
Playing global: the religious adaptations of Indian and Somali Muslims to racial hierarchies and discrimination in South Africa
Authors: SADOUNI SAMADIA 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this article, I examine the role of religion in Somali and Indian Muslims' adaptations to South Africa's ethno‐racial political regimes from the country's colonial to its post‐apartheid eras. Somali and Indian Muslims created and drew on transnational dimensions of global Islam to contest the racial status imposed on their communities. Although colonial and apartheid legacies of ethnic separation, racial hierarchies and discrimination still mark the new South Africa, the new democratic state favours the development of autonomous religious communities that provide services and resources for their members. In this contemporary political context, Muslim solidarity helps Indians and Somalis to renew their religiously based adaptation to South African society.
Exploring consumer opinions on the presentation of side‐effects information in Australian Consumer Medicine Information leaflets
Authors: Tong Vivien , Raynor David K , Blalock Susan J , Aslani Parisa 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundConsumer Medicine Information (CMI) is a brand‐specific and standardized source of written medicine information available in Australia for all prescription medicines. Side‐effect information is poorly presented in CMI and may not adequately address consumer information needs.ObjectiveTo explore consumer opinions on (i) the presentation of side‐effect information in existing Australian CMI leaflets and alternative study‐designed CMIs and (ii) side‐effect risk information and its impact on treatment decision making.DesignFuzzy trace, affect heuristic, frequency hypothesis and cognitive‐experiential theories were applied when revising existing CMI side‐effects sections. Together with good information design, functional linguistics and medicine information expertise, alternative ramipril and clopidogrel CMI versions were proposed. Focus groups were then conducted to address the study objectives.Participants and settingThree focus groups (n = 18) were conducted in Sydney, Australia. Mean consumer age was 58 years (range 50–65 years), with equal number of males and females.ResultsAll consumers preferred the alternative CMIs developed as part of the study, with unequivocal preference for the side‐effects presented in a simple tabular format, as it allowed quick and easy access to information. Consumer misunderstandings reflected literacy and numeracy issues inherent in consumer risk appraisal. Many preferred no numerical information and a large proportion preferred natural frequencies.ConclusionsOne single method of risk presentation in CMI is unable to cater for all consumers. Consumer misunderstandings are indicative of possible health literacy and numeracy factors that influence consumer risk appraisal, which should be explored further.
In vitro evaluation of temperature changes in the root canal induced by ultrasonic scalers
Authors: Van der Velden U , Koster TJG , Feilzer AJ , Timmerman MF , Van der Weijden GA 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate in vitro the thermal effects induced by four different ultrasonic scalers on the temperature in the root canal during ultrasonic scaling.MethodsAn extracted lower central incisor provided with a thermocouple in the root canal and a tube, entering the tooth incisally and exiting it apically to simulate an artificial bloodstream, was placed in a model of the lower jaw with soft artificial gingiva. Tested ultrasonic scaler systems included: EMS PM‐600, Satelec P‐max, Dürr Vector and Dentsply Cavitron. The tooth was scaled with each system at full water supply of 21°C. Furthermore, the amount of water supply was determined to maintain during scaling a constant temperature in the root canal. Finally, thermal changes due to scaling without water were assessed.ResultsExcept for the Vector all scaler systems showed a temperature decrease in the root canal. The Vector with water/polish suspension showed a trend towards an increase in temperature. To maintain a constant temperature in the root canal the Cavitron needed twice the amount of water compared with PM‐600 and P‐max. Without water, all scaling systems induced a temperature increase.ConclusionFor safe ultrasonic scaling, care should be taken that the cooling water has room temperature and that, dependent on the scaler system, the proper amount of water is supplied.
Effect of ultraviolet‐B irradiation on antioxidative properties of aqueous extracts from shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushrooms
Authors: Kim Mi‐Ja , Lee JaeHwan , Lee Jin‐Sil 
Published: June 2014

SummaryAntioxidant properties of aqueous extracts from Lentinus edodes treated with UV‐B irradiation were examined in vitro systems including DPPH, ABTS and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays and in riboflavin‐photosensitised oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions. Changes in total phenolics, total flavonoids and vitamin C were also analysed. Lentinus edodes receiving 25 kJ m−2 UV‐B treatment showed high radical scavenging ability based on DPPH and ABTS assays compared with samples with 0, 50 and 75 kJ m−2, while those with 50 kJ m−2 had higher antioxidant capacities than other samples from ORAC assays. Samples with 25 kJ m−2 UV treatment had significantly 7.1% higher total phenolic content, 12.0% higher total flavonoid content and 8.0% higher vitamin C content than UV‐B‐untreated sample (P < 0.05), respectively. In O/W emulsions under riboflavin photosensitisation, 25 and 50 kJ m−2 UV treatment significantly increased the oxidative stability compared with other samples based on headspace oxygen content and lipid hydroperoxide analyses (P < 0.05). Aqueous extracts of UV‐B‐treated mushrooms possessed enhanced antioxidant properties compared with untreated mushrooms.
A review of the literature regarding stress among nursing students during their clinical education
Authors: Alzayyat A. , Al‐Gamal E. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundThere has been increased attention in the literature about stress among nursing students. It has been evident that clinical education is the most stressful experience for nursing students.AimThe aim of this paper was to critically review studies related to degrees of stress and the type of stressors that can be found among undergraduate nursing students during their clinical education.MethodsThe search strategy involved the utilization of the following databases: MEDLINE (Medical Literature on‐Line), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), PsycINFO (Psychology Information) and PubMed. Keywords were stress, undergraduate nursing students, clinical practice. The review included those studies published between 2002 and 2013, conducted in any country as long as reported in English, and including a focus on the clinical practice experience of nursing students. Thirteen studies met the eligibility criteria.ResultsFour themes were identified: initial clinical experience, comparison between different academic years, cross‐cultural comparison, and eustress aspects of clinical experience.Implications for nursing and health policyThis review expands current knowledge in the area of stress in clinical settings and calls for further research. Nursing teachers should utilize the findings of this review to direct their students during clinical practice. Moreover, hospital administrators need to promote policies to promote a training environment where students are supported and inspired.
Suture‐Free Technique for Canine Ureteral Resection‐Anastomosis Using a Microvascular Anastomotic System: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Wavreille Vincent , Adin Christopher A. , Arango Johnattan , Ham Kathleen L. , Byron Julie K. , McLoughlin Mary A. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo describe a suture‐free technique for canine ureteral resection‐anastomosis using a microvascular anastomotic system (MAS) and to compare surgical time and burst pressure of hand‐sewn (HS) ureteral end‐to‐end anastomosis with the MAS technique.Study DesignExperimental ex vivo study.AnimalsCanine cadavers (n = 8).MethodsFor each cadaver, 1 ureter was randomly assigned to undergo HS anastomosis and the contralateral ureter had MAS anastomosis. The first 3 cadavers (6 ureters) were used to refine the MAS technique. In the other 5 dogs, surgical time and ureteral burst pressure were compared between groups (n = 5 ureters/group).ResultsPreliminary procedures showed that selective impaling of the mucosa and submucosa (without muscularis and adventitia) is necessary to allow complete mechanical interlock of the anastomotic rings for the MAS technique. Median anastomotic time was significantly shorter for MAS (7.6 min) than HS (16.6 min; p = .029) and burst pressure higher for MAS (393 cm H2O) than HS (180 cm H2O; p = .012).ConclusionThis study demonstrated the feasibility of a suture‐free technique of canine ureteral resection‐anastomosis using a commercially available MAS. The MAS anastomosis was faster and had higher burst strength compared with the HS anastomosis.
Evaluation of candidate spermatogonial markers ID4 and GPR125 in testes of adult human cadaveric organ donors
Authors: Sachs C. , Robinson B. D. , Andres Martin L. , Webster T. , Gilbert M. , Lo H.‐Y. , Rafii S. , Ng C. K. , Seandel M. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe optimal markers for human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are not known. Among the genes recently linked to SSCs in mice and other animals are the basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor ID4 and the orphan G‐protein‐coupled receptor GPR125. While ID4 and GPR125 are considered putative markers for SSCs, they have not been evaluated for coexpression in human tissue. Furthermore, neither the size nor the character of the human spermatogonial populations that express ID4 and GPR125, respectively, are known. A major barrier to addressing these questions is the availability of healthy adult testis tissue from donors with no known reproductive health problems. To overcome this obstacle, we have employed healthy testicular tissue from a novel set of organ donors (n = 16; aged 17–68 years) who were undergoing post‐mortem clinical organ procurement. Using immunolabelling, we found that ID4 and GPR125 are expressed on partially overlapping spermatogonial populations and are more broadly expressed in the normal adult human testis. In addition, we found that expression of ID4 remained stable during ageing. These findings suggest that ID4 and GPR125 could be efficacious for identifying previously unrecognized human spermatogonial subpopulations in conjunction with other putative human stem cell markers, both in younger and older donors.
Realizing the Promise of Well‐Being: Longitudinal Research from an Effective Early Intervention Program for Substance Exposed Babies and Toddlers Identifies Essential Components
Authors: Katz Lynne F. , Ullery Mary Anne , Lederman Cindy S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe University of Miami Linda Ray Intervention Program (LRIP) is a Part C early intervention program for children under the age of three, with verified developmental delays located in Miami‐Dade County that has established a strong link and referral process from the Juvenile Court as well as local community‐based care agencies. Creating a system where early intervention communicates well with the court system is paramount in changing the well‐being trajectories of these vulnerable children. This article describes the growing need for early intervention services as well as the results of one successful early intervention‐court partnership that has shown promising short and long‐term results for developmentally‐delayed children who were born prenatally exposed to cocaine.
Infantile haemangiomas that failed treatment with propranolol: Clinical and histopathological features
Authors: Phillips Roderic J , Lokmic Zerina , Crock Catherine M , Penington Anthony 
Published: June 2014

AimTo describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of infantile haemangiomas that failed treatment with oral propranolol .DesignThis study is a case series from the vascular birthmarks clinic at Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne.PatientsThe patients for this study were infants who commenced treatment with oral propranolol before 6 months of age and who were treated for at least 4 months without a satisfactory
result. For histology and immunohistochemistry, tissue from the four non‐responding patients who subsequently underwent surgical excision was matched with four historical controls.Outcome measuresBased on medical record review and photographic assessments, infants were defined as having failed treatment with oral propranolol if the infantile haemangioma either continued to grow or showed 20% improvement or less. Tissue sections were examined for tissue structure, mast cells, sympathetic innervations and beta‐2 adrenergic receptor expression, and the number of mast cells and beta‐2 adrenergic positive cells.ResultsFrom a group of 135 infants who met the inclusion criteria, 14 infants failed propranolol treatment. Eleven of these infants had focal facial haemangiomas. No difference was seen in tissue morphology, tissue innervations, beta‐2 adrenergic receptor expression, cell number or mast cell distribution, and number between non‐responding and control haemangiomas.ConclusionWe report a treatment failure rate of 10%, which is higher than previously reported. Focal facial lesions failed to respond twice as frequently as other types of haemangioma. No histopathological reason was identified to indicate why some haemangiomas failed to respond.
Stability studies of antiandrogenic compounds in Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract
Authors: Suphrom Nungruthai , Srivilai Jukkarin , Pumthong Ganniga , Khorana Nantaka , Waranuch Neti , Limpeanchob Nanteetip , Ingkaninan Kornkanok 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Objectives
Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract is a 5α-reductase antagonist that can be used to treat hair loss. We aimed to study the stability of antiandrogenic constituents, germacrone and other sesquiterpene components in the extract.

Methods
Germacrone and the extract were analyzed as solid forms or solublized with polyethylene glycol-40 (PEG-40) or methanol using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The effects of pH, temperature and light on their stability were studied.

Key findings
Degradation of antiandrogenic compounds in C. aeruginosa was highly sensitive to temperature especially pure anhydrous germacrone, which was completely lost within 3 days at 45°C. Curiously, degradation was slower than as a dried extract. Paradoxically, when solubilized with PEG-40, it was largely intact even after 90 days at 45°C. The MS spectrum of a major degradation product suggested that it was elemenone probably produced by Cope rearrangement. Two other putative degradation products were germacrone-1,10-epoxide and germacrone-4,5-epoxide suggesting that oxidation of double bonds was an important mechanism. Germacrone stability was unaffected by pH (2.0–9.0) but only as dried extract it was slightly degraded by light.

Conclusion
Antiandrogenic constituents of C. aeruginosa were instable at high temperature and in solid form. Thus, the extract would be optimately stored as a solution or otherwise as solid form at low temperature.
Predicting Biochemical Response to Clomiphene Citrate in Men with Hypogonadism
Authors: Mazzola Clarisse R. , Katz Darren J. , Loghmanieh Nina , Nelson Christian J. , Mulhall John P. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Clomiphene citrate (CC) is as an effective treatment for men with hypogonadism (HG). Identifying the ideal candidate for this strategy has to date largely relied upon a patient's interest in preservation of testicular volume and spermatogenesis.

Aim
This analysis was undertaken to define if predictors existed of robust elevation in serum testosterone (T) levels in response to CC.

Methods
Seventy-six men with a diagnosis of HG (two separate early morning total T levels &lt;300 ng/dL) opting for CC therapy constituted the study population. Demographic, comorbidity data, and physical and laboratory characteristics were recorded. Laboratory tests were conducted 4 weeks after commencement and every 6 months thereafter. Multivariable analysis was conducted to define if predictors of biochemical response could be identified. Parameters included in the model were patient age, mean testicular volume, varicocele presence, and baseline total T, free T, and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels.

Main Outcome Measure
Successful biochemical response to CC, defined as an increase of ≥200 ng/dL in total T level at ≥6 months after commencing CC, was the main outcome measure.

Results
Mean age was 46 ± 22 years. Mean pretreatment testicular volume was 16 ± 8 mL. Mean baseline T and LH levels were 179 ± 72 ng/dL and 7.2 ± 5.6 IU/mL, respectively. Mean total T on CC was 467 ± 190 ng/dL. Forty-seven patients (62%) met the responder definition, with a mean increase in total T levels of 302 ± 76 (204–464) ng/dL. In CC responders, the mean LH rise was 5.6 ± 3.1 IU/mL. On multivariable analysis, factors predictive of CC response included: mean testicular volume (adjusted [adj.] r = 0.32, P &lt; 0.01), mean testicular volume ≥14 mL (hazard ratio [HR] 2.2, P &lt; 0.01), LH level (adj. r = 0.48, P &lt; 0.001), and LH level ≤6 IU/mL (HR 3.5, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
These data indicate that two thirds of men with HG meet a robust responder definition and that pretreatment testicular volume and LH levels (in continuous and dichotomized fashions) are predictors of response.
Improving Patients' Understanding of Terms and Phrases Commonly Used in Self-Reported Measures of Sexual Function
Authors: Alexander Angel M. , Flynn Kathryn E. , Hahn Elizabeth A. , Jeffery Diana D. , Keefe Francis J. , Reeve Bryce B. , Schultz Wesley , Reese Jennifer Barsky , Shelby Rebecca A. , Weinfurt Kevin P. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Introduction
There is a significant gap in research regarding the readability and comprehension of existing sexual function measures. Patient-reported outcome measures may use terms not well understood by respondents with low literacy.

Aim
This study aims to test comprehension of words and phrases typically used in sexual function measures to improve validity for all individuals, including those with low literacy.

Methods
We recruited 20 men and 28 women for cognitive interviews on version 2.0 of the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®) Sexual Function and Satisfaction measures. We assessed participants' reading level using the word reading subtest of the Wide Range Achievement Test. Sixteen participants were classified as having low literacy.

Main Outcome Measures
In the first round of cognitive interviews, each survey item was reviewed by five or more people, at least two of whom had lower than a ninth-grade reading level (low literacy). Patient feedback was incorporated into a revised version of the items. In the second round of interviews, an additional three or more people (at least one with low literacy) reviewed each revised item.

Results
Participants with low literacy had difficulty comprehending terms such as aroused, orgasm, erection, ejaculation, incontinence, and vaginal penetration. Women across a range of literacy levels had difficulty with clinical terms like labia and clitoris. We modified unclear terms to include parenthetical descriptors or slang equivalents, which generally improved comprehension.

Conclusions
Common words and phrases used across measures of self-reported sexual function are not universally understood. Researchers should appreciate these misunderstandings as a potential source of error in studies using self-reported measures of sexual function. This study also provides evidence for the importance of including individuals with low literacy in cognitive pretesting during the measure development.