bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The benefits and limitations of reaction cell and sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the detection and quantification of phosphopeptides
Authors: Maes Evelyne , Brusten Wilfried , Beutels Filip , Baggerman Geert , Mertens Inge , Valkenborg Dirk , Landuyt Bart , Schoofs Liliane , Tirez Kristof 
Published: December 2014

RATIONALEThe phosphorylation of proteins is one of the most important post‐translational modifications in nature. Knowledge of the quantity or degree of protein phosphorylation in biological samples is extremely important. A combination of liquid chromatography (LC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) allows the absolute and relative quantification of the phosphorus signal.METHODSA comparison between dynamic reaction cell quadrupole ICP‐MS (DRC‐Q‐ICP‐MS) and high‐resolution sector field ICP‐MS (SF‐ICP‐MS) in detecting signals of phosphorus‐containing species using identical capillary LC (reversed‐phase technology) and nebulizer settings was performed.RESULTSA method to diminish the reversed‐phase gradient‐related signal instability in phosphorus detection with LC/ICP‐MS applications was developed. Bis(4‐nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP) was used as a standard to compare signal‐to‐noise ratios and limits of detection (LODs) between the two instrumental setups. The LOD reaches a value of 0.8 µg L−1 when applying the DRC technology in Q‐ICP‐MS and an LOD of 0.09 µg L−1 was found with the SF‐ICP‐MS setup. This BNPP standard was further used to compare the absolute quantification possibilities of phosphopeptides in these two setups.CONCLUSIONSThis one‐to‐one comparison of two interference‐reducing ICP‐MS instruments demonstrates that absolute quantification of individual LC‐separated phosphopeptides is possible. However, based on the LOD values, SF‐ICP‐MS has a higher sensitivity in detecting phosphorus signals and thus is preferred in phosphopeptide analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of 135Cs by accelerator mass spectrometry
Authors: MacDonald C. , Charles C. R. J. , Cornett R. J. , Zhao X. L. , Kieser W. E. , Litherland A. E. 
Published: December 2014

RATIONALEThe ability to measure both 135Cs and 137Cs can provide an estimate of the age and source of Cs isotopes in an environmental sample. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) consistently reports lower abundance sensitivities than other techniques and, with the addition of an on‐line reaction cell, simpler isobaric suppression. Therefore, an AMS methodology was developed to measure Cs isotopes using Cs as the initial anion.METHODSThe ion beam is passed through the Isobar Separator for Anions (ISA) where it is captured by radiofrequency quadrupoles in a gas cell before injection into the tandem accelerator. In the ISA, the beam reacts with O2 gas, selectively removing the Ba and leaving the Cs analyte to be reaccelerated and sent through the remainder of the AMS system.RESULTSThe Ba signal was attenuated by a factor of 105 in the ISA while 25% of the original Cs current was transmitted into the accelerator. 135Cs was measured without any interference from 133Cs to an abundance sensitivity of 1.3 × 10–10. The abundances of four stable Ba isotopes (masses 133, 134, 135 and 137) were measured and no isotope‐dependent bias was detected using the ISA in vacuum.CONCLUSIONSThe results demonstrate the feasibility of measuring long‐lived Cs isotopes without Ba interference by AMS with on‐line isobar separation and the ability to use shorter lived Cs isotopes for yield tracing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas chromatography with parallel hard and soft ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Hejazi Leila , Guilhaus Michael , Hibbert D. Brynn , Ebrahimi Diako 
Published: December 2014

RATIONALEMass spectrometric identification of compounds in chromatography can be obtained from molecular masses from soft ionization mass spectrometry techniques such as field ionization (FI) and fragmentation patterns from hard ionization techniques such as electron ionization (EI). Simultaneous detection by EI and FI mass spectrometry allows alignment of the different information from each method.METHODSWe report the construction and characteristics of a combined instrument consisting of a gas chromatograph and two parallel mass spectrometry ionization sources, EI and FI. When considering both ion yield and signal‐to‐noise it was postulated that good‐quality EI and FI mass spectra could be obtained simultaneously using a post‐column splitter with a split fraction of 1:10 for EI/FI. This has been realised and we report its application for the analysis of several complex mixtures.RESULTSThe differences between the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the EI and FI chromatograms were statistically insignificant, and the retention times of the chromatograms were highly correlated (r2 =0.9999) with no detectable bias. The applicability and significance of this combined instrument and the attendant methodology are illustrated by the analysis of standard samples of 13 compounds with diverse structures, and the analysis of mixtures of fatty acids, fish oil, hydrocarbons and yeast metabolites.CONCLUSIONSThis combined dual‐source instrument saves time and resources, and more importantly generates equivalent chromatograms aligned in time, in EI and FI (i.e. peaks with similar shapes and identical positions). The identical FWHMs and retention times of the EI and FI chromatograms in this combined instrument enable the accurate assignment of fragment ions from EI to their corresponding molecular ions in FI. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetically Induced Cell Death in Bulge Stem Cells Reveals Their Redundancy for Hair and Epidermal Regeneration
Authors: Driskell Iwona , Oeztuerk-Winder Feride , Humphreys Peter , Frye Michaela 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Adult mammalian epidermis contains multiple stem cell populations in which quiescent and more proliferative stem and progenitor populations coexist. However, the precise interrelation of these populations in homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we blocked the contribution of quiescent keratin 19 (K19)-expressing bulge stem cells to hair follicle formation through genetic ablation of the essential histone methyltransferase Setd8 that is required for the maintenance of adult skin. Deletion of Setd8 eliminated the contribution of bulge cells to hair follicle regeneration through inhibition of cell division and induction of cell death, but the growth and morphology of hair follicles were unaffected. Furthermore, ablation of Setd8 in the hair follicle bulge blocked the contribution of K19-postive stem cells to wounded epidermis, but the wound healing process was unaltered. Our data indicate that quiescent bulge stem cells are dispensable for hair follicle regeneration and epidermal injury in the short term and support the hypothesis that quiescent and cycling stem cell populations are equipotent. Stem Cells 2015;33:988–998
AdS6 solutions of type II supergravity
Authors: Apruzzi Fabio , Fazzi Marco , Passias Achilleas , Rosa Dario , Tomasiello Alessandro 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Very few AdS6 × M4 supersymmetric solutions are known: one in massive IIA, and two IIB solutions dual to it. The IIA solution is known to be unique; in this paper, we use the pure spinor approach to give a classification for IIB supergravity. We reduce the problem to two PDEs on a two-dimensional space Σ. M4 is then a fibration of S2 over Σ; the metric and fluxes are completely determined in terms of the solution to the PDEs. The results seem likely to accommodate near-horizon limits of (p, q)-fivebrane webs studied in the literature as a source of CFT5’s. We also show that there are no AdS6 solutions in eleven-dimensional supergravity.
The Impact of Anastomotic Leak and Its Treatment on Cancer Recurrence and Survival Following Elective Colorectal Cancer Resection
Authors: Nachiappan Subramanian , Askari Alan , Malietzis George , Giacometti Marco , White Ian , Jenkins John T. , Kennedy Robin H. , Faiz Omar 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimAnastomotic leakage is a serious complication in restorative colorectal surgery. Anastomotic leakage and its subsequent management may have long‐term impact on survival. This study aims to assess the impact of colorectal anastomotic leak (AL) on overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS).MethodsA prospective database of 1,048 patients undergoing restorative colorectal cancer resections at St Mark’s hospital between October 2004 and October 2013 was examined.ResultsThe overall leak rate was 99/1,048 (9.4 %). 43 ALs were managed conservatively with antibiotics or radiological drainage and 56 with reoperations. OS was significantly reduced in the AL group treated with a reoperation (HR 2.74, 95 % CI 1.67–4.52, p < 0.001). AL was not significantly associated with worse DFS [conservatively managed AL’s vs. no AL—HR 2.07 (95 % CI 1.05–4.10); reoperated AL’s vs. no AL—HR 1.56 (95 % CI 0.81–2.99), overall p value = 0.058].ConclusionPatients who suffer anastomotic leaks requiring reoperations have worse OS compared to patients who do not leak, but there were no significant differences in DFS between patients who leaked and those who did not.
Natural licks are required for large terrestrial mammals in a degraded riparian forest, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia
Authors: Matsuda Ikki , Ancrenaz Marc , Akiyama Yoshihiro , Tuuga Augustine , Majalap Noreen , Bernard Henry 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAlthough the importance of natural licks for terrestrial mammals is widely acknowledged, we report here for the first time its importance for large terrestrial mammals in a degraded riverine forest in Borneo. Our results clearly demonstrated that various mammals, including bearded pig, sambar deer, and endangered orang‐utans, were using the natural lick, though large arboreal/avian herbivore/omnivore animals were not attracted to the natural lick. In addition, the diversity of mammal species recorded in this study was lower than those recorded in the dry lowland forest. Possible reasons for this difference between the different forest types are discussed.
Effects of internal conductance and Rubisco on the optimum temperature for leaf photosynthesis in Fallopia japonica growing at different altitudes
Authors: Sakata Tsuyohi , Nakano Takashi , Kachi Naoki 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTo investigate mechanisms of adjustment of the optimum temperature for leaf photosynthesis in alpine plants, we compared the temperature responses of photosynthesis, internal conductance (gi), and the amounts of activated Rubisco (ε) in two Fallopia japonica populations growing at elevations of 100 m (K0100), and 2250 m (F2250). There was an obvious difference in photosynthesis at high temperatures between the two populations, although there was no significant difference in the CO2/O2 specificity of Rubisco. Optimum temperatures for photosynthesis were 25 and 30 °C in F2250 and K0100, respectively. The temperature response of ε was similar to that of photosynthesis. The mean values of ε decreased 25 % (F2250) and 24 % (K0100), for temperatures 5 °C above the optimum for photosynthesis. In contrast, gi exponentially increased with increasing temperature in both populations. There was no significant difference in gi between populations for any given temperature. In both populations, there were no changes in CO2 concentrations at the Rubisco active site, when temperatures were above the photosynthetic optimum temperature. This clearly shows that photosynthetic optimum temperatures were not affected by photosynthetic limitation of CO2 diffusing from intercellular air spaces to Rubisco. Furthermore, the atmospheric pressure had a minor effect on the temperature response of photosynthesis. Thus, the decrease in ε in response to elevated temperatures reduced the photosynthetic optimum temperature in highland population of F. japonica, which was adjusted to the habitat.
Evaluating Adhesion Reduction Efficacy of Type I/III Collagen Membrane and Collagen-GAG Resorbable Matrix in Primary Flexor Tendon Repair in a Chicken Model
Authors: Turner John B. , Corazzini Rubina L. , Butler Timothy J. , Garlick David S. , Rinker Brian D. 
Published: December 2014

Background Reduction of peritendinous adhesions after injury and repair has been the subject of extensive prior investigation. The application of a circumferential barrier at the repair site may limit the quantity of peritendinous adhesions while preserving the tendon's innate ability to heal. The authors compare the effectiveness of a type I/III collagen membrane and a collagen-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) resorbable matrix in reducing tendon adhesions in an experimental chicken model of a “zone II” tendon laceration and repair. Methods In Leghorn chickens, flexor tendons were sharply divided using a scalpel and underwent repair in a standard fashion (54 total repairs). The sites were treated with a type I/ III collagen membrane, collagen-GAG resorbable matrix, or saline in a randomized fashion. After 3 weeks, qualitative and semiquantitative histological analysis was performed to evaluate the “extent of peritendinous adhesions” and “nature of tendon healing.” The data was evaluated with chi-square analysis and unpaired Student's t test. Results For both collagen materials, there was a statistically significant improvement in the degree of both extent of peritendinous adhesions and nature of tendon healing relative to the control group. There was no significant difference seen between the two materials. There was one tendon rupture observed in each treatment group. Surgical handling characteristics were subjectively favored for type I/III collagen membrane over the collagen-GAG resorbable matrix. Conclusion The ideal method of reducing clinically significant tendon adhesions after injury remains elusive. Both materials in this study demonstrate promise in reducing tendon adhesions after flexor tendon repair without impeding tendon healing in this model.
The Effect of Unemployment on Household Composition and Doubling Up
Authors: Wiemers Emily E. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
“Doubling up” (sharing living arrangements) with family and friends is one way in which individuals and families can cope with job loss, but relatively little research has examined the extent to which people use coresidence to weather a spell of unemployment. This project uses data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to provide evidence on the relationship between household composition and unemployment across working ages, focusing on differences in behavior by educational attainment. Using the SIPP panels, I find that individuals who become unemployed are three times more likely to move in with other people. Moving into shared living arrangements in response to unemployment is not evenly spread across the distribution of educational attainment: it is most prevalent among individuals with less than a high school diploma and those with at least some college.
The Second Trimester Obstetric Scan (7 + 3 = 10): A Rational Approach (Including the “Rule of Three”)
Authors: Suresh Seshadri , Suresh Indrani 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe second trimester targeted scan is done between 18 and 20 weeks. The primary objective of this scan is to do a detailed anatomical evaluation of the fetus and to maximize the detection of anomalies that may be present at this stage. A systematic method of ultrasound scanning of the fetus will ensure that a reasonably complete examination of the fetus is accomplished. A “rule of three” approach helps in ensuring that no major structures are missed out during the scan. It is a simple “checklist” approach which can be easily remembered. It not only helps in standardized training and performance but also helps in a systematic audit when anomalies are missed.
Demonstration of a hidden interaction between the aortomitral continuity and the conduction system in a case of idiopathic left ventricular outflow tract ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Mizobuchi Masahiro , Enjoji Yoshihisa 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe describe a case of idiopathic left ventricular outflow ventricular tachycardia. Monomorphic ventricular arrhythmia (VA) with a right bundle branch block morphology and an inferior axis was induced through exercise or isoproterenol infusion. During VA bigeminy, a spiked presystolic potential (PP) preceding the VA with a qrS pattern in the unipolar electrogram was recorded at the aortomitral continuity (AMC). Radiofrequency catheter ablation eliminated the VA despite the persistence of sinus‐PP bigeminy. Furthermore, these PP rates were dependent on the preceding sinus rhythm rates. The present case suggests a hidden interaction between the AMC and the conduction system.
Anatomy of Kuduro: Articulating the Angolan Body Politic after the War
Authors: Moorman Marissa J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract:Kuduro, meaning “hard-ass” or “in a hard place,” is a contemporary genre of music and dance produced and consumed in Angola, especially in Luanda. This article maps kuduro historically and assesses it in its current moment. While the dance is full of invention and the genre has thrived in the informal economy, this alternative expression and the infrastructure it produces cannot be considered politically or economically liberatory. But the international “os Kuduristas” campaign promoted by two of the Angolan president’s children and companies they own shows the dangers of a culturally conservative discourse that dismisses kuduro as a vulgar popular phenomenon while hegemonic political and commercial forces embrace it.
Inscribing Identity and Agency on the Landscape: Of Pathways, Places, and the Transition of the Public Sphere in East Pokot, Kenya
Authors: Bollig Michael , Greiner Clemens , Österle Matthias 
Published: December 2014

Abstract:Drawing upon the dynamic interrelationship between human agency and space, this article sheds light on the constitution of and relation between “place” and “path” among the pastoral Pokot of East Pokot District in the Kenyan North Rift Valley. It discusses the transformation from a more mobile pastoralist model of spatialization, which relies on a flexible network approach combining paths and places, toward a more “place-making,” postpastoralist model linked to increasing sedentariness, privatization of land, a clearer definition of external and internal boundaries, and a rapid emergence of schools, churches, and other physical structures.
Ellipsoidal vortices in rotating stratified fluids: beyond the quasi-geostrophic approximation
Authors: Tsang Yue-Kin , Dritschel David G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe examine the basic properties and stability of isolated vortices having uniform potential vorticity (PV) in a non-hydrostatic rotating stratified fluid, under the Boussinesq approximation. For simplicity, we consider a uniform background rotation and a linear basic-state stratification for which both the Coriolis and buoyancy frequencies,$f$and$N$, are constant. Moreover, we take$f/N\ll 1$, as typically observed in the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans. In the small Rossby number ‘quasi-geostrophic’ (QG) limit, when the flow is weak compared to the background rotation, there exist exact solutions for steadily rotating ellipsoidal volumes of uniform PV in an unbounded flow (Zhmur & Shchepetkin,Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Atmos. Ocean. Phys., vol. 27, 1991, pp. 492–503; Meacham,Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, vol. 16, 1992, pp. 189–223). Furthermore, a wide range of these solutions are stable as long as the horizontal and vertical aspect ratios${\it\lambda}$and${\it\mu}$do not depart greatly from unity (Dritschel et al.,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 536, 2005, pp. 401–421). In the present study, we examine the behaviour of ellipsoidal vortices at Rossby numbers up to near unity in magnitude. We find that there is a monotonic increase in stability as one varies the Rossby number from nearly$-1$(anticyclone) to nearly$+1$(cyclone). That is, QG vortices are more stable than anticyclones at finite negative Rossby number, and generally less stable than cyclones at finite positive Rossby number. Ageostrophic effects strengthen both the rotation and the stratification within a cyclone, enhancing its stability. The converse is true for an anticyclone. For all Rossby numbers, stability is reinforced by increasing${\it\lambda}$towards unity or decreasing${\it\mu}$. An unstable vortex often restabilises by developing a near-circular cross-section, typically resulting in a roughly ellipsoidal vortex, but occasionally a binary system is formed. Throughout the nonlinear evolution of a vortex, the emission of inertia–gravity waves (IGWs) is negligible across the entire parameter space investigated. Thus, vortices at small to moderate Rossby numbers, and any associated instabilities, are (ageostrophically) balanced. A manifestation of this balance is that, at finite Rossby number, an anticyclone rotates faster than a cyclone.
Deformation of a spherical capsule under oscillating shear flow
Authors: Matsunaga D. , Imai Y. , Yamaguchi T. , Ishikawa T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe deformation of a spherical capsule in oscillating shear flow is presented. The boundary element method is used to simulate the capsule motion under Stokes flow. We show that a capsule at high frequencies follows the deformation given by a leading-order prediction, which is derived from an assumption of small deformation limit. At low frequencies, on the other hand, a capsule shows an overshoot phenomenon where the maximum deformation is larger than that in steady shear flow. A larger overshoot is observed for larger capillary number or viscosity ratio. Using the maximum deformation in start-up shear flow, we evaluate the upper limit of deformation in oscillating shear flow. We also show that the overshoot phenomenon may appear when the quasi-steady orientation angle under steady shear flow is less than$9.0^{\circ }$. We propose an equation to estimate the threshold frequency between the low-frequency range, where the capsule may have an overshoot, and the high-frequency range, where the deformation is given by the leading-order prediction. The equation only includes the viscosity ratio and the Taylor parameter under simple shear flow, so it can be extended to other deformable particles, such as bubbles and drops.