bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion of Human Fibroblasts Into Monocyte-Like Progenitor Cells
Authors: Pulecio Julian , Nivet Emmanuel , Sancho-Martinez Ignacio , Vitaloni Marianna , Guenechea Guillermo , Xia Yun , Kurian Leo , Dubova Ilir , Bueren Juan , Laricchia-Robbio Leopoldo , Belmonte Juan Carlos Izpisua 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Reprogramming technologies have emerged as a promising approach for future regenerative medicine. Here, we report on the establishment of a novel methodology allowing for the conversion of human fibroblasts into hematopoietic progenitor-like cells with macrophage differentiation potential. SOX2 overexpression in human fibroblasts, a gene found to be upregulated during hematopoietic reconstitution in mice, induced the rapid appearance of CD34+ cells with a concomitant upregulation of mesoderm-related markers. Profiling of cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cell populations identified miR-125b as a factor facilitating commitment of SOX2-generated CD34+ cells to immature hematopoietic-like progenitor cells with grafting potential. Further differentiation toward the monocytic lineage resulted in the appearance of CD14+ cells with functional phagocytic capacity. In vivo transplantation of SOX2/miR-125b-generated CD34+ cells facilitated the maturation of the engrafted cells toward CD45+ cells and ultimately the monocytic/macrophage lineage. Altogether, our results indicate that strategies combining lineage conversion and further lineage specification by in vivo or in vitro approaches could help to circumvent long-standing obstacles for the reprogramming of human cells into hematopoietic cells with clinical potential. Stem Cells 2014;32:2923–2938
Facial markers in second‐ and third‐trimester fetuses with trisomy 18 or 13, triploidy or Turner syndrome
Authors: Kagan K. O. , Sonek J. , Berg X. , Berg C. , Mallmann M. , Abele H. , Hoopmann M. , Geipel A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of nasal bone (NB) evaluation (including NB length (NBL)), prenasal thickness (PT) measurement, the PT:NBL ratio and the prefrontal space ratio (PFSR) in the identification of fetuses with trisomy 18 or 13, triploidy or Turner syndrome.MethodsThis was a retrospective study using stored midsagittal two‐dimensional images of the facial profile of fetuses with trisomy 18 or 13, triploidy or Turner syndrome in the second and third trimesters. For images of acceptable quality, measurements were obtained of NBL (where NB was present), PT, the PT:NBL ratio and PFSR, and these measurements were compared with previously published normal ranges.ResultsThe search of databases identified 189 fetuses that met the study criteria: 132 (69.8%) with trisomy 18, 40 (21.2%) with trisomy 13, 10 (5.3%) with triploidy and seven (3.7%) with Turner syndrome. The NB was either absent or its measurement was below the 5th centile in 67 (50.8%), 20 (50.0%), five (50.0%) and two (28.6%) of the fetuses with trisomy 18, trisomy 13, triploidy and Turner syndrome, respectively. The PT measurement was above the 95th centile in 24 (18.2%), six (15.0%), one (10.0%) and one (14.3%) of the affected fetuses, respectively. The PFSR was abnormal in 72 (54.5%), 29 (72.5%), seven (70%) and four (57.1%) of the cases and the PT:NBL ratio was above the 95th centile or the nasal bone was absent in 72 (54.5%), 20 (50.0%), six (60.0%) and four (57.1%) cases, respectively.ConclusionAlthough each of the facial markers considered provides some useful information in screening for trisomy 18, trisomy 13, triploidy and Turner syndrome, the performance of none of the markers appears to be as good as that in screening for trisomy 21. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Pelvic floor muscle biometry and pelvic organ mobility in East Asian and Caucasian nulliparae
Authors: Cheung R. Y. K. , Shek K. L. , Chan S. S. C. , Chung T. K. H. , Dietz H. P. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the differences in levator ani muscle biometry and hiatal dimensions between pregnant nulliparous Caucasian and East Asian women.MethodsOffline analysis of three/four‐dimensional ultrasound volume data obtained from two groups of pregnant nulliparous women, Caucasian and East Asian, was performed. Volume acquisition was performed in the late third trimester using the same method in both groups, in the context of two prospective observational studies with identical entry criteria. Pelvic organ descent and levator hiatal dimensions were assessed using the volumes acquired on Valsalva maneuver, and pubovisceral muscle thickness was measured from the volumes obtained on pelvic floor muscle contraction (PFMC).ResultsDatasets of 200 East Asian and 168 Caucasian women were analyzed. Compared with Caucasian women, East Asian women had a significantly lower body mass index. All indices of pelvic organ descent were significantly higher in the Caucasian group than in the East Asian group. The difference, expressed as a percentage, in levator hiatal area on both Valsalva maneuver and PFMC was markedly greater in Caucasian (32% vs 19%; P < 0.001) than in East Asian (24% vs 20%; P = 0.01) women. After controlling for potential confounders using multivariate regression analysis, racial origin remained the only significant factor associated with differences in pelvic organ descent and hiatal dimensions. The thickness and area of pubovisceral muscle were significantly higher in the East Asian group.ConclusionsPregnant women of East Asian racial origin have a thicker pubovisceral muscle, smaller hiatus and less mobility of pelvic organs than do pregnant Caucasian women. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Inborn errors of metabolism in the biosynthesis and remodelling of phospholipids
Authors: Wortmann Saskia B. , Espeel Marc , Almeida Ligia , Reimer Annette , Bosboom Dennis , Roels Frank , de Brouwer Arjan P.M. , Wevers Ron A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSince the proposal to define a separate subgroup of inborn errors of metabolism involved in the biosynthesis and remodelling of phospholipids, sphingolipids and long chain fatty acids in 2013, this group is rapidly expanding. This review focuses on the disorders involved in the biosynthesis of phospholipids. Phospholipids are involved in uncountable cellular processes, e.g. as structural components of membranes, by taking part in vesicle and mitochondrial fusion and fission or signal transduction. Here we provide an overview on both pathophysiology and the extremely heterogeneous clinical presentations of the disorders reported so far (Sengers syndrome (due to mutations in AGK), MEGDEL syndrome (or SERAC defect, SERAC1), Barth syndrome (or TAZ defect, TAZ), congenital muscular dystrophy due to CHKB deficiency (CHKB). Boucher‐Neuhäuser/Gordon Holmes syndrome (PNPLA6), PHARC syndrome (ABHD12), hereditary spastic paraplegia type 28, 54 and 56 (HSP28, DDHD1; HSP54, DDHD2; HSP56, CYP2U1), Lenz Majewski syndrome (PTDSS1), spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone‐rod dystrophy (PCYT1A), atypical haemolytic‐uremic syndrome due to DGKE deficiency (DGKE).
Heat transport and pressure buildup during carbon dioxide injection into depleted gas reservoirs
Authors: Mathias Simon A. , McElwaine Jim N. , Gluyas Jon G. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this article, a two-layer vertical equilibrium model for the injection of carbon dioxide into a low-pressure porous reservoir containing methane and water is developed. The dependent variables solved for include pressure, temperature and$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}{\mathrm{CO}}_2$–${\mathrm{CH}}_4$interface height. In contrast to previous two-layer vertical equilibrium models in this context, the compressibility of all material components is fully accounted for. Non-Darcy effects are also considered using the Forchheimer equation. The results show that, for a given injection scenario, as the initial pressure in the reservoir decreases, both the pressure buildup and temperature change increase. A comparison was conducted between a fully coupled non-isothermal numerical model and a simplified model where fluid properties are held constant with temperature. This simplified model was found to provide an excellent approximation when using the injection fluid temperature for calculating fluid properties, even when the injection fluid was as much as$\pm 15\, ^\circ \mathrm{C}$of the initial reservoir temperature. The implications are that isothermal models can be expected to provide useful estimates of pressure buildup in this context. Despite the low viscosity of${\mathrm{CO}}_2$at the low pressures studied, non-Darcy effects were found to be of negligible concern throughout the sensitivity analysis undertaken. This is because the${\mathrm{CO}}_2$density is also low in this context. Based on these findings, simplified analytic solutions are derived, which accurately calculate both the pressure buildup and temperature decline during the injection period.
Confinement effects in wind-turbine and propeller measurements
Authors: Segalini Antonio , Inghels Pieter 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA new model to account for the presence of the test-section wall in wind-turbine or propeller measurements is proposed. The test section, here assumed to be cylindrical, is modelled by means of axisymmetric source panels, while the wind turbine (or the propeller) is modelled with a simplified vortex model (Segalini & Alfredsson, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 725, 2013, pp. 91–116). Combining both models in an iterative scheme allows the simulation of the effect of the test-section wall on the flow field around the rotor. Based on this novel approach, an analysis of the flow modification due to blockage is conducted together with a comparison of actuator-disk theory results. Glauert’s concept of equivalent unconfined turbine is reviewed and extended to account for the angular velocity of the rotor. It is shown that Glauert’s equivalent free-stream velocity concept is beneficial and can correct most of the systematic error introduced by the presence of the test-section wall, although some discrepancies remain, especially in the power coefficient. The effect of the confinement on the wake structure is also discussed in terms of wake expansion/contraction, pitch of the tip vortices and forces at the rotor.
Space–time characteristics of a compliant wall in a turbulent channel flow
Authors: Kim Euiyoung , Choi Haecheon 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe space–time characteristics of a compliant wall in a turbulent channel flow are investigated using direct numerical simulation (DNS). The compliant wall is modelled as a homogeneous plane supported by spring-and-damper arrays and is passively driven by wall-pressure fluctuations. The frequency/wavenumber spectra and convection velocities of the wall-pressure fluctuations, wall displacement and wall velocity are obtained from the present simulation. As the spring, damping, and tension coefficients decrease, the wall becomes softer and the wall displacement and velocity fluctuations increase. For a relatively stiff compliant wall (i.e. large spring, damping and streamwise tension coefficients), there are few changes in the skin-friction drag and near-wall turbulence structures. However, when a compliant wall is soft (i.e. small spring, damping and streamwise tension coefficients), the wall moves in the form of a large-amplitude quasi-two-dimensional wave travelling in the downstream direction. This wave is generated by the resonance of the wall property and the near-wall flow is significantly activated by this wall motion. The power spectra of wall variables show distinct peaks near the resonance frequencies. The convection velocities of the wall motion and wall-pressure fluctuations become smaller with a softer wall.
Resonance patterns in spatially forced Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Weiss S. , Seiden G. , Bodenschatz E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe report on the influence of a quasi-one-dimensional periodic forcing on the pattern selection process in Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC). The forcing was introduced by a lithographically fabricated periodic texture on the bottom plate. We study the convection patterns as a function of the Rayleigh number ($\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\mathit{Ra}$) and the dimensionless forcing wavenumber ($q_f$). For small $\mathit{Ra}$, convection takes the form of straight parallel rolls that are locked to the underlying forcing pattern. With increasing $\mathit{Ra}$, these rolls give way to more complex patterns, due to a secondary instability. The forcing wavenumber $q_f$ was varied in the experiment over the range of $0.6q_c<q_f<1.4q_c$, with $q_c$ being the critical wavenumber of the unforced system. We investigate the stability of straight rolls as a function of $q_f$ and report patterns that arise due to a secondary instability.
Plasma amino acid profiles are associated with insulin, C-peptide and adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Nakamura H , Jinzu H , Nagao K , Noguchi Y , Shimba N , Miyano H , Watanabe T , Iseki K 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Objectives:
Plasma-free amino acid (PFAA) profiles have been associated with a future risk of developing diabetes or cardiovascular disease in nondiabetic subjects. These PFAA alterations might predominantly result from the metabolic shift caused by insulin resistance and visceral fat deposition. The variety of PFAA profiles within diabetic subjects is not well researched. In this study, we focused on type 2 diabetic subjects and examined the association between PFAA profiles and insulin- and glucose-related variables.

Methods:
Fifty-one Japanese subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were recruited from an outpatient clinic. The plasma concentrations of 21 amino acids; glucose-related markers including glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), glycoalbumin and 1,5-anhydroglucitol; insulin-related markers including insulin, C-peptide, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; and adipocytokines including adiponectin and leptin were determined. The association of PFAA and other metabolic profiles were analyzed, and stratified analyses of the PFAAs and clinical characteristics were performed according to the fasting plasma insulin and HbA1c levels. In addition, the PFAA indices that correlate to visceral fat obesity were evaluated.

Results:
Although strong correlations between PFAAs and glucose-related markers were not observed, several amino acids (branched-chain amino acids, tryptophan, alanine, tyrosine, glutamate and proline) and PFAA indices that evaluate visceral obesity were highly correlated with insulin-related markers and adiponectin (P<0.001). In the group of diabetic patients with hyperinsulinemia, the amino acid levels were significantly increased, which generally demonstrated good concordance with insulin-related markers and adiponectin levels.

Conclusions:
The PFAA profiles in diabetic patients were strongly associated with hyperinsulinemia and hypoadiponectinemia, which might become risk evaluation factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Artificial selection on anther exsertion in wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum
Authors: Conner Jeffrey K. , Mills Cynthia J. , Koelling Vanessa A. , Karoly Keith 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTo study the genetic architecture of anther exsertion, a trait under stabilizing selection in wild radish, artificial selection on anther exsertion was applied for 11 generations. Two replicate lines each of increased and decreased exsertion plus two randomly-mated controls were included. Full pedigree information is available from generation five. To estimate correlated responses to selection, 571 plants from all lines and matrilines were grown in the greenhouse and a number of floral, growth, and phenology traits were measured. To create an outbred F2 mapping population, all possible crosses among the two high and two low exsertion lines were made, using a multiple-family design to capture the genetic variance still present after 11 generations of selection. Six floral traits were measured on 40 parents, 240 F1, and 4,868 F2 offspring. Opportunities for reuse of these data include traits not previously analyzed, other analyses, especially using the pedigree and fitness data, and seeds from all generations and photos of flowers in the later generations are available.
A Southern Indian Ocean database of hydrographic profiles obtained with instrumented elephant seals
Authors: Roquet Fabien , Williams Guy , Hindell Mark A. , Harcourt Rob , McMahon Clive , Guinet Christophe , Charrassin Jean-Benoit , Reverdin Gilles , Boehme Lars , Lovell Phil , Fedak Mike 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe instrumentation of southern elephant seals with satellite-linked CTD tags has offered unique temporal and spatial coverage of the Southern Indian Ocean since 2004. This includes extensive data from the Antarctic continental slope and shelf regions during the winter months, which is outside the conventional areas of Argo autonomous floats and ship-based studies. This landmark dataset of around 75,000 temperature and salinity profiles from 20–140 °E, concentrated on the sector between the Kerguelen Islands and Prydz Bay, continues to grow through the coordinated efforts of French and Australian marine research teams. The seal data are quality controlled and calibrated using delayed-mode techniques involving comparisons with other existing profiles as well as cross-comparisons similar to established protocols within the Argo community, with a resulting accuracy of ±0.03 °C in temperature and ±0.05 in salinity or better. The data offer invaluable new insights into the water masses, oceanographic processes and provides a vital tool for oceanographers seeking to advance our understanding of this key component of the global ocean climate.
Brain Mass and Cranial Nerve Size in Shrews and Moles
Authors: Leitch Duncan B. , Sarko Diana K. , Catania Kenneth C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between body size, brain size and fibers in selected cranial nerves in shrews and moles. Species include tiny masked shrews (S. cinereus) weighing only a few grams and much larger mole species weighing up to 90 grams. It also includes closely related species with very different sensory specializations – such as the star-nosed mole and the common, eastern mole. We found that moles and shrews have tiny optic nerves with fiber counts not correlated with body or brain size. Auditory nerves were similarly small but increased in fiber number with increasing brain and body size. Trigeminal nerve number was by far the largest and also increased with increasing brain and body size. The star-nosed mole was an outlier, with more than twice the number of trigeminal nerve fibers than any other species. Despite this hypertrophied cranial nerve, star-nosed mole brains were not larger than predicted from body size, suggesting that magnification of their somatosensory systems does not result in greater overall CNS size.
Prognostic role of PIK3CA mutations and their association with hormone receptor expression in breast cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Pang Bo , Cheng Shi , Sun Shi-Peng , An Cheng , Liu Zhi-Yuan , Feng Xue , Liu Gui-Jian 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) gene is frequently mutated in breast cancer (BCa). Sex hormone receptors (HRs), including estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) play pivotal roles in BCa. In this study, we evaluated the association between PIK3CA mutations and ER/PR expression and the prognostic role of PIK3CA mutations in BCa patients and in particular, HR-positive BCa. Thirty-two studies involving 5719 cases of BCa obtained from database searches were examined. PIK3CA gene mutations correlated significantly with ER/PR expression (p < 0.00001) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.98, p = 0.03) but not overall survival (OS) (HR 1.14, 95%CI 0.72–1.82, p = 0.57) in unsorted BCa patients. PIK3CA mutations were not associated with OS (HR 1.06, 95%CI 0.67–1.67, p = 0.81) or RFS (HR 0.86, 95%CI 0.53–1.40, p = 0.55) in HR-positive BCa patients. In conclusion, PIK3CA mutations were significantly related to ER/PR expression and RFS in unsorted BCa patients. However, the clinical implications of PIK3CA mutations may vary according to different mutant exons. And PIK3CA mutations alone may have limited prognostic value for HR-positive BCa patients.
Electronic Coupling and Catalytic Effect on H2 Evolution of MoS2/Graphene Nanocatalyst
Authors: Liao Ting , Sun Ziqi , Sun Chenghua , Dou Shi Xue , Searles Debra J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInorganic nano-graphene hybrid materials that are strongly coupled via chemical bonding usually present superior electrochemical performance. However, how the chemical bond forms and the synergistic catalytic mechanism remain fundamental questions. In this study, the chemical bonding of the MoS2 nanolayer supported on vacancy mediated graphene and the hydrogen evolution reaction of this nanocatalyst system were investigated. An obvious reduction of the metallic state of the MoS2 nanolayer is noticed as electrons are transferred to form a strong contact with the reduced graphene support. The missing metallic state associated with the unsaturated atoms at the peripheral sites in turn modifies the hydrogen evolution activity. The easiest evolution path is from the Mo edge sites, with the presence of the graphene resulting in a decrease in the energy barrier from 0.17 to 0.11 eV. Evolution of H2 from the S edge becomes more difficult due to an increase in the energy barrier from 0.43 to 0.84 eV. The clarification of the chemical bonding and catalytic mechanisms for hydrogen evolution using this strongly coupled MoS2/graphene nanocatalyst provide a valuable source of reference and motivation for further investigation for improved hydrogen evolution using chemically active nanocoupled systems.
Cascaded circular‐polarisation‐selective surface based on bisected split rings
Authors: Martinez‐Lopez L. , Rodriguez‐Cuevas J. , Martinez‐Lopez J.I. , Martynyuk A.E. 
Published: September 2014

A cascaded circular‐polarisation‐selective surface (CPSS) based on bisected split rings is presented. The proposed CPSS allows the transmission of one sense of circular polarisation while reflecting the other sense. To validate the proposed design, a nine‐layer prototype that operates in the Ka band has been designed, fabricated and tested. Experimental results show that transmission coefficients higher than −1 dB and axial ratios lower than 3 dB are obtained for one sense of circular polarisation, whereas transmission coefficients lower than −20 dB are obtained for the opposite sense over the frequency band from 26.39 to 35.43 GHz.