bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micronized natural talc with a low particle size and a high carbonate rate is more effective at breaking down oil‐in‐water emulsion
Authors: Sadkaoui Abir , Jiménez Antonio , Pacheco Rafael , Beltrán Gabriel 
Published: May 2015

Micronized natural talc (MNT) has demonstrated to be very useful to break down emulsions formed during the virgin olive oil extraction process, improving the oil yield. This study was aimed to obtain more insights into the mechanisms of MNT to break down oil‐in‐water emulsions. For this purpose, laboratory scale experiments were performed in order to evaluate the effect of different pectin concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2%), used as an emulsifier agent, on the behavior of an oil‐in‐water interface. Afterward, to evaluate the effect of MNT dosage as well as its physicochemical characteristics on breaking o‐reducing emulsions, four MNTs differing in their particle size (D50) and carbonate rate were assayed at doses ranging from 0 to 1%. Increasing pectin concentration gave a rise in the emulsifying activity (EA). The emulsifier effect of pectins was weakened by the addition of increasing MNT dose. MNT physicochemical characteristics markedly affected the breaking of oil‐in‐water emulsions. Nonetheless, its effect depends on the dose of MNT applied to the emulsion. The highest decrease in EA was observed for MNT with the lowest D50 (2.4 μm) and the highest carbonate rate (4%) at 0.5%. In general, MNT containing lower D50 and high rate of carbonate showed better capacity for breaking oil‐in‐water emulsion.Practical applications: So far as can be ascertained, no quantitative study has been made, in vitro, on the relative merits of MNT addition as a technological aid in breaking down oil‐in‐water emulsions. This study provides deeper insights into the clarification of the effect of pectins as emulsifier agents, on aqueous emulsions of Hojiblanca virgin olive oil and how the addition of different doses of MNT, with different physicochemical characteristics, carried out the breaking of the oil‐in‐water emulsions.Effect of micronized natural talc physicochemical characteristics and dosage on the break‐down of oil‐in‐water emulsion.
A Joint Experimental–Computational Comparative Study of the Pd0‐Catalysed Reactions of Aryl Iodides and Aldehydes with N, O, and S Tethers
Authors: Solé Daniel , Mariani Francesco , Fernández Israel 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe influence of the heteroatom (nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur) on the course of the palladium‐catalysed intramolecular reactions of aryl iodides and aldehydes having heteroatom‐containing tethers has been explored by an extensive experimental–computational (DFT) study. Two series of substrates were considered, namely aldehydes bearing either the α‐(2‐iodobenzylheteroatom) or β‐(2‐iodophenylheteroatom) moieties. While some experimental differences were observed when changing from nitrogen to oxygen or sulfur in the 2‐iodobenzyl series, the aldehydes in which the heteroatom is directly bonded to the aromatic ring showed common chemical behaviour regardless of the nature of the heteroatom. The different reaction pathways leading to the experimentally observed reaction products were studied by computational means. Our calculations suggest that in all cases the initial nucleophilic addition involving a σ‐aryl–PdII intermediate is preferred over the competing concerted metallation–deprotonation (CMD) process.
Ground motion selection for simulation‐based seismic hazard and structural reliability assessment
Authors: Bradley Brendon A. , Burks Lynne S. , Baker Jack W. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis paper examines four methods by which ground motions can be selected for dynamic seismic response analyses of engineered systems when the underlying seismic hazard is quantified via ground motion simulation rather than empirical ground motion prediction equations. Even with simulation‐based seismic hazard, a ground motion selection process is still required in order to extract a small number of time series from the much larger set developed as part of the hazard calculation. Four specific methods are presented for ground motion selection from simulation‐based seismic hazard analyses, and pros and cons of each are discussed via a simple and reproducible illustrative example. One of the four methods (method 1 ‘direct analysis’) provides a ‘benchmark’ result (i.e., using all simulated ground motions), enabling the consistency of the other three more efficient selection methods to be addressed. Method 2 (‘stratified sampling’) is a relatively simple way to achieve a significant reduction in the number of ground motions required through selecting subsets of ground motions binned based on an intensity measure, IM. Method 3 (‘simple multiple stripes’) has the benefit of being consistent with conventional seismic assessment practice using as‐recorded ground motions, but both methods 2 and 3 are strongly dependent on the efficiency of the conditioning IM to predict the seismic responses of interest. Method 4 (‘generalized conditional intensity measure‐based selection’) is consistent with ‘advanced’ selection methods used for as‐recorded ground motions and selects subsets of ground motions based on multiple IMs, thus overcoming this limitation in methods 2 and 3. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eating Disorders in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes: Case Series and day Hospital Treatment Outcome
Authors: Colton Patricia Anne , Olmsted Marion Patricia , Wong Harmonie , Rodin Gary Michael 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWomen with type 1 diabetes are at high risk for eating disorders (ED), a combination that can increase medical complications and mortality. As little is known about treatment response in this population, clinical presentation and treatment outcome in an extended case series were assessed. A chart review at the Eating Disorders Day Hospital Program at Toronto General Hospital identified a total of 100 individuals with type 1 diabetes assessed 1990–2012. Of 37 who attended day hospital, most experienced improvement in ED symptoms, but only 18.8% had a good immediate treatment outcome, while 43.8% had an intermediate outcome and 37.5% had a poor outcome (meeting diagnostic criteria at discharge). This is poorer than program outcomes in individuals without diabetes (χ2 = 12.2, df = 2; p = 0.002). Factors influencing treatment engagement and outcome must be further studied and used to improve treatment results in this high‐risk group. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Selection of soybean lines exhibiting resistance to stink bug complex in distinct environments
Authors: da Rocha Fabiani , Vieira Caio Canella , Ferreira Mônica Christina , de Oliveira Kênia Carvalho , Moreira Fabiana Freitas , Pinheiro José Baldin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn soybean, stink bugs are considered the most important pest insect as they feed directly from the grain, causing significant losses in seed yield and quality. The use of resistant genotypes is a promising strategy to control these insects. Focusing on selection of soybean lines with resistance and high yield potential, 251 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from a cross between IAC‐100 (resistant) and CD‐215 (susceptible), were evaluated in two experiments, designed as alpha‐lattice, with three replicates in Piracicaba, during the growing seasons of 2012/13 and 2013/14. The evaluated traits were as follows: number of days to maturity (NDM), plant height at maturity (PHM), grain filling period (GFP), lodging (L), agronomic value (AV), grain yield (GY), weight of a hundred seeds (WHS), leaf retention (LR), and healthy seeds weight (HSW). Variance components were estimated by the Restricted Maximum Likelihood method (REML). Heritability and selection gain (SG) parameters were also calculated. Selection was carried out based on 2012/13 season, considering the genotypes that exhibited a minimum HSW of 2908.26 kg ha−1 (acceptable losses of 20% from the average GY). Insect population was monitored by cloth beating. An increase in stink bug population was observed during the grain filling period, with the highest population density occurring in the season 2012/13. Estimates of the variance components demonstrated the elevate influence of the interaction genotype x environment on GY and HSW, which exhibited the lowest estimates of heritability (23 and 34%, respectively). The estimate selection gain, calculated from the predicted means of GY and HSW, was of 665.4 and 482.4 kg ha−1 season 2012/13. Therefore, the applied selection allowed the identification of the genotypes exhibiting higher yields and resistance to the stink bug complex. From the RIL population, lines or genotypes potentially useful to generate novel cultivars were identified.
Yield and quality attributes of faba bean inbred lines grown under marginal environmental conditions of Sudan
Authors: Gasim Seif , Hamad Solafa A.A. , Abdelmula Awadalla , Mohamed Ahmed Isam A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFaba beans (Vicia faba L.) represent an essential source of food protein for many people in Sudan, especially those who cannot afford to buy animal meat. The demand for faba bean seeds is greatly increased in recent years, and consequently its production area was extended southward where the climate is marginally suitable. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate seed yield and nutritional quality of five faba bean inbred lines grown under marginal environmental conditions of Sudan. The inbred lines have considerable (P ≤ 0.05) variability in yield and yield components, and seed chemical composition. The mean carbohydrate content was very high (501.1 g kg−1) and negatively correlated with seed yield, whereas the average protein content was relatively high (253.1 g kg−1) and positively correlated with seed yield. Globulin was the significant fraction (613.5 g kg−1protein) followed by albumin (200.2 g kg−1protein). Biplot analysis indicates that inbred lines Hudeiba/93‐S5 and Ed‐damar‐S5 outscore other lines in terms of seed yield and nutritional quality. This study demonstrates that Hudeiba/93‐S5 and Ed‐damar‐S5 are useful candidates in faba bean breeding program to terminate the protein deficiency malnutrition and provide healthy and nutritious meal for people living in subtropical areas.
Partially Sulfonated Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Induced Enhancements of Properties and DMFC Performance of Nafion Electrolyte Membrane
Authors: Das S. , Dutta K. , Hazra S. , Kundu P. P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPartially sulfonated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (SPVdF) has been prepared by incorporation of sulfonic acid groups within poly(vinylidene fluoride), using chlorosulfonic acid as the sulfonating agent. The degree of sulfonation (DS) has been varied by modulating the duration of the sulfonation reaction. Blending of SPVdF (having DS = 36.78%) with Nafion at a constituent wt.% ratio of SPVdF:Nafion = 70:30 has resulted in the fabrication of polymer electrolyte membrane with superior properties compared to pristine Nafion‐117 membrane. This particular blend composition exhibited a proton conductivity value of 3.6 × 10−2 S cm−1 (i.e. ∼12.5% increase over Nafion‐117), a methanol permeability value of 6.81 × 10−7 cm2 s−1 at 6M methanol concentration (i.e. ∼99.31% decrease from Nafion‐117) and a corresponding membrane selectivity value of 5.29 × 104 Ss cm−3 (i.e. an increase of approximately two‐orders of magnitude over Nafion‐117) at 20 °C. In addition, this blend composition has also exhibited (a) better heat stability at temperatures as high as 160 °C by virtue of it possessing higher glass transition temperature, (b) higher storage modulus, (c) higher stress relaxation at high angular frequency and (d) superior DMFC performance at high methanol feed concentration in presence of humidified, as well as, non‐humidified air as the catholyte, compared to Nafion‐117 membrane.
Facile Access to Polycyclic Fused Azo[2,1‐b] [1,3]‐benzothiazinone via Iron‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction
Authors: Huang Ling , Yang Jianguo , Xu Linzhen , Wu Xiaohui , Yu Lian , Bao Weiliang , Chen Dingben 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTFeCl3‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of o‐iodobenzoic acids with azole‐2‐thiols and amidation followed by in situ acidic condensation delivered azo[2,1‐b][1,3]‐benzothiazinones. A simple “one‐pot” operation is conducted for this reaction. This reaction avoids the use of expensive catalytic reagents and provides the desired products containing different azole rings and substituents in good yields.
A fast and efficient computer aided diagnostic system to detect tumor from brain magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Khanna Pritee 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, a simple and efficient CAD (computer‐aided diagnostic) system is proposed for tumor detection from brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Poor contrast MR images are preprocessed by using morphological operations and DSR (dynamic stochastic resonance) technique. The appropriate segmentation of MR images plays an important role in yielding the correct detection of tumor. On examination of three views of brain MRI, it was visible that the region of interest (ROI) lies in the middle and its size ranges from 240 × 240 mm2 to 280 × 280 mm2. The proposed system makes effective use of this information and identifies four blocks from the desired ROI through block‐based segmentation. Texture and shape features are extracted for each block of all MRIs in the training set. The range of these feature values defines the threshold to distinguish tumorous and nontumorous MRIs. Features of each block of an MRI view are checked against the threshold. For a particular feature, if a block is found tumorous in a view, then the other views are also checked for the presence of tumor. If corresponding blocks in all the views are found to be tumorous, then the MRI is classified as tumorous. This selective block processing technique improves computational efficiency of the system. The proposed technique is well adaptive and fast, and it is compared with well‐known existing techniques, like k‐means, fuzzy c‐means, etc. The performance analysis based on accuracy and precision parameters emphasizes the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed work.
Feed‐forward neural network optimized by hybridization of PSO and ABC for abnormal brain detection
Authors: Wang Shuihua , Zhang Yudong , Dong Zhengchao , Du Sidan , Ji Genlin , Yan Jie , Yang Jiquan , Wang Qiong , Feng Chunmei , Phillips Preetha 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTAutomated and accurate classification of MR brain images is of crucially importance for medical analysis and interpretation. We proposed a novel automatic classification system based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony (ABC), with the aim of distinguishing abnormal brains from normal brains in MRI scanning. The proposed method used stationary wavelet transform (SWT) to extract features from MR brain images. SWT is translation‐invariant and performed well even the image suffered from slight translation. Next, principal component analysis (PCA) was harnessed to reduce the SWT coefficients. Based on three different hybridization methods of PSO and ABC, we proposed three new variants of feed‐forward neural network (FNN), consisting of IABAP‐FNN, ABC‐SPSO‐FNN, and HPA‐FNN. The 10 runs of K‐fold cross validation result showed the proposed HPA‐FNN was superior to not only other two proposed classifiers but also existing state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of classification accuracy. In addition, the method achieved perfect classification on Dataset‐66 and Dataset‐160. For Dataset‐255, the 10 repetition achieved average sensitivity of 99.37%, average specificity of 100.00%, average precision of 100.00%, and average accuracy of 99.45%. The offline learning cost 219.077 s for Dataset‐255, and merely 0.016 s for online prediction. Thus, the proposed SWT + PCA + HPA‐FNN method excelled existing methods. It can be applied to practical use.
The study of brain networks driven by steady‐state visual evoked potentials
Authors: Yan Zheng , Lin Xiaohong , Lin Chaodong 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, we investigated the brain networks during the steady‐state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) task. Two questions: (1) SSVEP‐driven network structures; and (2) the relationship between SSVEP‐driven networks and stimulus frequencies were studied from a network point of view. Method of directed transfer function was applied to brain active signals recorded from electroencephalography (EEG). The resulting connectivity matrices then were converted to graphs by applying a threshold, so that graph theoretical could be used to analyze the characteristics of SSVEP‐driven networks. The results showed that network connections exist in many scalp locations beyond occipital regions. Different from the outflow areas located mainly around the parietal areas, the inflow areas had a widely distribution pattern including the frontal, temporal, and occipital areas. Furthermore, for a wide range of thresholds, with increasing frequency (7–30 Hz), the distribution of clustering coefficient and characteristic path length presented positive and negative correlation with the three parallel flicker SSVEP subsystems, respectively. The results suggested that a specific frequency may evoke certain SSVEP components more than others, and, therefore, one may generate different evoked potentials which results in different network pattern.
3d discrete wavelet transform for computer aided diagnosis ofAlzheimer's disease using t1‐weighted brainMRI
Authors: Aggarwal Namita , Rana Bharti , Agrawal R. K. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTEarly and antemortem diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may help in the development of appropriate treatment and in slowing down the disease progression. In this work, a three‐phase computer aided approach is suggested for classification of AD patients and controls using T1‐weighted MRI. In the first phase, smoothed modulated gray matter (GM) probability maps are obtained from T1‐weighted MRIs. In the second phase, 3D discrete wavelet transform is applied on GM of five brain regions, which are well‐documented regions affected in AD, to construct features. In the third phase, a minimal set of relevant and nonredundant features are obtained using Fisher's discriminant ratio and minimum redundancy maximum relevance feature selection methods. To check the efficacy of the proposed approach, experiments were carried out on three datasets derived from the publicly available OASIS database, using three commonly used classifiers. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated using three performance measures namely sensitivity, specificity and classification accuracy. Further, the proposed approach was compared with the existing state‐of‐the‐art techniques in terms of three performance measures, ROC curves, scoring and computation time. Irrespective of the datasets and the classifiers, the proposed method outperformed the existing methods. In addition, the statistical test also demonstrated that the proposed method is significantly better in comparison to the other existing methods. The appreciable performance of the proposed method supports that it will assist clinicians/researchers in the classification of AD patients and controls.
MicroRNAs and lncRNAs in senescence: A re‐view
Authors: Bischof Oliver , Martínez‐Zamudio Ricardo Iván 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCellular senescence is a stress response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic insults that cause genomic or epigenomic perturbations. It is now widely recognized as a potent tumor suppressor mechanism as well as a biological process impacting aging and organismal development. Like other cell fate decisions, senescence is executed and maintained by an intricate network of transcription factors (TFs), chromatin modifiers, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Altogether, these factors cooperate to implement the gene expression program that initiates and sustains the senescent phenotype. In the context of senescence, microRNAs (miRs) and long ncRNAs have been found to play regulatory roles at both the transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the field and point toward future research directions to gain a better understanding of ncRNAs in senescence. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(4):255–267, 2015
Suppression of the proliferation of hypoxia‐Induced retinal pigment epithelial cell by rapamycin through the /mTOR/HIF‐1α/VEGF/ signaling
Authors: Liu Ning‐Ning , Zhao Ning , Cai Na 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRapamycin, a highly specific inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), exhibits significant antitumor/antiangiogenic activity in human cancer cells. Its effect on the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells was rarely investigated. This study assessed the proliferation of hypoxia‐induced RPE and the inhibitory effects of rapamycin using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthazol‐2‐yl)−2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and examined the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in RPE cells with or without rapamycin under normoxic and hypoxic conditions using real‐time PCR and Western blot. We found that hypoxia increased the levels of mTOR, HIF‐1α, and VEGF. The suppression of HIF‐1α and VEGF by rapamycin was associated with dephosphorylation of mTOR and the downstream effector ribosomal protein S6 kinase (P70S6K) and 4E‐binding protein‐1 (4E‐BP1) of mTORC1. Rapamycin only inhibited the protein levels and did not change the mRNA expression of HIF‐1α. No cytotoxicity to the RPE cells by rapamycin was caused under either normoxia or hypoxia. Our data suggest that rapamycin suppresses hypoxia‐induced RPE cell proliferation through a mechanism related to the targeting of mTOR/HIF‐1α/VEGF signaling. Rapamycin may potentially provide a safe and effective novel treatment for choroidal vascular disease. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(6):446–452, 2015
Seven Traps of the Common Core State Standards
Authors: Eppley Karen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUsing sociologist C. Wright Mill's analogy of the trap, this piece invites readers to think about the Common Core State Standards beyond the classroom, outward toward its historical and political context. The traps describe the connection between larger social issues related to the implementation of the Common Core and changes at the classroom level with immediate impact on teachers' and students' daily lives. Within the analysis of the seven traps is critical examination of the production of both the Common Core and the Publisher's Criteria and how the documents represent literacy generally, reading and writing specifically, and children's literature. The analysis positions both documents as open and changeable texts waiting for the thoughtful input of teachers, parents, community members, and students.