bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of social media in the presentation of disorders of gut–brain interaction: Review and recommendations
Authors: Salzberg Michael R , Kim Hannah , Basnayake Chamara , Holt Darcy , Kamm Michael A 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs clinicians involved in the care of patients with disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBIs), we—and many colleagues—have the impression that social media are adversely shaping the nature, presentation, and ability to manage these disorders, especially at the severe end of the DGBI clinical spectrum. We turned to the research literature to see if these clinical impressions were corroborated but found it virtually nonexistent. Social media have rapidly become a ubiquitous, pervasive part of the lives of most people on the planet. Although they bring many benefits, they are also replete with health misinformation, reinforcement of abnormal sick‐role behavior, and undermining of the legitimacy of psychological care. We first set out four reasons for concern about social media and DGBIs, particularly severe DGBIs. These reasons stem from phenomena described in medical fields outside DGBIs, but there is no reason to think DGBIs should be exempt from such phenomena. We then present the results of a literature search, which yielded only eight disparate recent empirical studies. We review these studies, which, although not uninformative, reveal a field in its infancy. We set out implications, most urgently multidisciplinary research directly addressing the role of social media and evaluation of interventions to mitigate its ill effects. Gastroenterological clinicians involved in DGBI care and research need to collaborate with experts in social media research, which is a very rapidly evolving, specialized field. Although knowledge is at an early stage, there are implications for specialist practice, education and training, and DGBI service delivery.
Quantitative proteomics unveils known and previously unrecognized alterations in neuropathic nerves
Authors: Defilippi Victoria , Petereit Juli , Handlos Valerie J. L. , Notterpek Lucia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1E (CMT1E) is an inherited autosomal dominant peripheral neuropathy caused by mutations in the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene. The identical leucine‐to‐proline (L16P) amino acid substitution in PMP22 is carried by the Trembler J (TrJ) mouse and is found in CMT1E patients presenting with early‐onset disease. Peripheral nerves of patients diagnosed with CMT1E display a complex and varied histopathology, including Schwann cell hyperproliferation, abnormally thin myelin, axonal degeneration, and subaxonal morphological changes. Here, we have taken an unbiased data‐independent analysis (DIA) mass spectrometry (MS) approach to quantify proteins from nerves of 3‐week‐old, age and genetic strain‐matched wild‐type (Wt) and heterozygous TrJ mice. Nerve proteins were dissolved in lysis buffer and digested into peptide fragments, and protein groups were quantified by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS). A linear model determined statistically significant differences between the study groups, and proteins with an adjusted p‐value of less than 0.05 were deemed significant. This untargeted proteomics approach identified 3759 quality‐controlled protein groups, of which 884 demonstrated differential expression between the two genotypes. Gene ontology (GO) terms related to myelin and myelin maintenance confirm published data while revealing a previously undetected prominent decrease in peripheral myelin protein 2. The dataset corroborates the described pathophysiology of TrJ nerves, including elevated activity in the proteasome‐lysosomal pathways, alterations in protein trafficking, and an increase in three macrophage‐associated proteins. Previously unrecognized perturbations in RNA processing pathways and GO terms were also discovered. Proteomic abnormalities that overlap with other human neurological disorders besides CMT include Lafora Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Overall, this study confirms and extends current knowledge on the cellular pathophysiology in TrJ neuropathic nerves and provides novel insights for future examinations. Recognition of shared pathomechanisms across discrete neurological disorders offers opportunities for innovative disease‐modifying therapeutics that could be effective for distinct neuropathies.image
Impact of long contact areas for the management of varying levels of interdental papilla loss on the perception of smile esthetics between dentists and laypersons in asymmetric and symmetric situations
Authors: Ladia Ourania , Ntovas Panagiotis , Gogolas Nikolaos , Sarafianou Aspasia , Blatz Markus , Tarnow Dennis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo determine the effect of restorations with long contact areas for the management of interdental papilla deficiencies, in smile attractiveness among laypersons and dentists.Material and MethodsA full‐portrait image was used to create a set of digitally modified images, simulating the management of various levels of interdental papilla loss. In a total of 48 modified images, single as well as multiple loss of interdental papilla among the anterior teeth, treated with a single or multiple restorations were simulated for unilateral and bilateral situations. Through a digital monitor 160 laypeople and dentists were asked to assess the attractiveness of each displayed image utilizing a visual‐analog‐scale. Multiple Wilcoxon‐signed‐rank tests followed by Mann–Whitney U tests were performed considering a significance level of 0.05.ResultsThe management of an open gingival embrasure due to interdental papilla loss, by simulating the restoration of both central incisors led to a significantly higher mean smile attractiveness compared to the restoration of a single central incisor. Among the investigated regions, the management of open gingival embrasure in the area of central incisors using a restorative approach was perceived as the least esthetic (p < 0.05).ConclusionsDespite the restorative management of interdental papilla loss, with the establishment of longer contact areas for the reduction of open gingival embrasures, as the level of the interdental papilla loss is increased, facial esthetics are compromised. When a longer contact area is accomplished through a single restoration, asymmetry among the teeth can be induced, especially in the region of the central incisors.
Mindsets, contexts, and college enrollment: Taking the long view on growth mindset beliefs at the transition to high school
Authors: Hecht Cameron A. , Buontempo Jenny , Boylan Rebecca , Crosnoe Robert , Yeager David S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSocioeconomic disparities in academic progress have persisted throughout the history of the United States, and growth mindset interventions—which shift beliefs about the malleability of intelligence—have shown promise in reducing these disparities. Both the study of such disparities and how to remedy them can benefit from taking the “long view” on adolescent development, following the tradition of John Schulenberg. To do so, this study focuses on the role of growth mindsets in short‐term academic progress during the transition to high school as a contributor to longer‐term educational attainment. Guided by the Mindset × Context perspective, we analyzed new follow‐up data to a one‐year nationally representative study of ninth graders (National Study of Learning Mindsets, n = 10,013; 50% female; 53% white; 63% from lower‐SES backgrounds). A conservative Bayesian analysis revealed that adolescents' growth mindset beliefs at the beginning of ninth grade predicted their enrollment in college 4 years later. These patterns were stronger for adolescents from lower‐SES backgrounds, and there was some evidence that the ninth‐grade math teacher's support for the growth mindset moderated student mindset effects. Thus, a time‐specific combination of student and teacher might alter long‐term trajectories by enabling adolescents to develop and use beliefs at a critical transition point that supports a cumulative pathway of course‐taking and achievement into college. Notably, growth mindset became less predictive of college enrollment after the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, which occurred in the second year of college and introduced structural barriers to college persistence.
Rural–urban differences in emergency medical services bypass routing of stroke in North Carolina
Authors: Patel Mehul D. , Chari Srihari V. , Cui Eric R. , Fernandez Antonio R. , Planey Arrianna Marie , Jauch Edward C. , Winslow James E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeAcute stroke is a serious, time‐sensitive condition requiring immediate medical attention. Emergency medical services (EMS) routing and direct transport of acute stroke patients to stroke centers improves timely access to care. This study aimed to describe EMS stroke routing and transports by rurality in North Carolina (NC).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study using existing data on EMS transports of suspected stroke patients in NC in 2019. The primary study outcome was EMS bypass of the nearest hospital for transport to a nonnearest hospital, determined by geographic information systems (GIS) analysis. Incident addresses were geocoded to census tracts and classified as urban, suburban, or rural by Rural–Urban Commuting Area codes. We compared the frequency of bypass and estimated additional transport times by urban, suburban, and rural incident locations.FindingsOf 3666 patients, 1884 (51%) EMS transports bypassed the nearest hospital. Bypass occurred less often for rural EMS incidents (39%) compared to those in urban (57%) and suburban (63%) tracts. The estimated additional transport time for rural bypasses of nonendovascular‐capable stroke centers for endovascular‐capable stroke centers was a median of 25 min (interquartile range 13–33).ConclusionsUsing GIS analysis, we found nearly half of EMS transports of suspected stroke patients in NC bypassed the nearest hospital, including noncertified hospitals and stroke centers. Bypasses occurred less often in rural areas, though incurred significantly longer transport times, compared to urban areas. These findings are important for regional stroke system planning, especially for improving rural access to acute stroke care.
Range‐wide phylogeographic structure of the endangered Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) using expanded sampling from contemporary and historical specimens
Authors: McGowen Michael R. , Caballero Susana , Flores Mary Faith C. , Murphy Katherine R. , Archer Frederick I. , Ayyagari Sam , Beasley Isabel , Cohen C. Sarah , Dolar M. Louella L. , Junchompoo Chalatip , Kaewmong Patcharaporn , Klinsawat Worata , Kreb Danielle , Kuit Sui Hyang , Robertson Kelly , Sabin Richard , Sakornwimon Watchara , Smith Kerri J. , Teoh Zhi Yi , Budi Trifan , Ponnampalam Louisa S. , Hines Ellen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) is an endangered cetacean that ranges throughout much of Southeast Asia and lives in coastal, estuarine, and riverine habitats including three river systems: Ayeyarwady, Mekong, and Mahakam. Many populations face risks from human interference, but overall rangewide diversity and connectivity is not well‐understood. Here we sequenced 77 complete mitogenomes from across the range of the Irrawaddy dolphin including all obligate riverine populations; eighteen of these were sequenced from historical museum specimens. Phylogenetic analysis showed haplotypes from each riverine population formed separate clades nested within the wider species implying each river system was separately invaded only once. All Irrawaddy dolphin mitogenomes were dated to a last common ancestor ~764 kya. Most lineages appeared after inundation cycles of the Sunda Shelf were initiated ~400 kya. Despite the lack of monophyly among many haplotypes from the same population, no population shared any haplotypes. Rangewide nucleotide diversity was average compared to other odontocetes, but riverine populations were especially low. Differentiation was significant among all populations analyzed with the most divergence occurring between isolated riverine populations. These analyses add more evidence for the necessity of conservation efforts directed towards riverine and other isolated populations of the Irrawaddy dolphin.
Estimating spatial mixing within the St. Lawrence Estuary beluga population by comparing local individual diversity and abundance
Authors: Bonnell Tyler R. , Michaud Robert , Dupuch Angélique , Lesage Véronique , Chion Clément 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInterindividual variability in habitat preferences affect local abundance and residency times. Within a population range, this can lead to sectors having a continuous flow of unique individuals, with others being used by the same set of resident individuals. These patterns of habitat use by individuals, referred to here as individual spatial mixing, can have important implications for ecological and evolutionary processes. This study proposes a novel approach for estimating the degree of individual spatial mixing in an endangered beluga population, based on the comparison of local individual diversity obtained from photo‐identification data against abundance indices derived from systematic aerial surveys. Divergences between long‐term indices of abundance and diversity were observed across many sectors within the population's summer habitat. This was the case notably for the Saguenay Fjord, where on average only 1.8% of the total population count was detected during summer aerial surveys, but where 41% of all individuals identified in the photo‐identification data were found at least once. The comparative approach proposed in this study to estimate individual spatial mixing can help quantify site fidelity patterns in wildlife populations and estimate its vulnerability to local stressors such as anthropogenic noise.
Relationship between moral resilience and secondary traumatic stress among ICU nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hu Mengyi , Zhang Hongli , Wu Chao , Li Lu , Liang Xinhui , Zhang Yu , Lang Hongjuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSince the outbreak of COVID‐19, researchers worldwide have focused more on the issue of secondary traumatic stress (STS) experienced by nurses. This stress has an adverse effect on the health of nurses and the quality of nursing care, potentially undermining the stability of the nursing team and hindering the ability to meet the growing demand for nursing services. The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, and the rise in global demand for ICU nursing, has placed a significant strain on ICU nurses, severely damaging their mental and physical health. Notably, ICU nurses also face high levels of moral distress, and moral resilience can effectively alleviate this distress and improve the quality of care.AimThis study aimed to examine the levels of moral resilience and STS among ICU nurses, to explore their relationship and identify the factors influencing STS.Study DesignThis cross‐sectional study involved 229 ICU nurses from two tertiary hospitals in Xi'an, China, who participated between November and December 2023. The data were collected through email using anonymous electronic questionnaires, encompassing a self‐designed demographic‐ and work–life‐related characteristic questionnaire; the Rushton Moral Resilience Scale; and the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Descriptive statistics, t‐tests, analysis of variance and hierarchical regression analysis were performed to analyse the data.ResultsThe findings of the study indicated that ICU nurses' moral resilience and STS scores were at an intermediate level. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that STS was negatively correlated with the subscales of the Rushton Moral Resilience Scale, specifically moral adversity coping (β, −0.156; 95% CI, −1.241 to −0.039) and relational integrity (β, −0.245; 95% CI, −1.453 to −0.388), which are significant predictors of STS. Additionally, good sleep quality (β, −.396; 95% CI, −14.948 to −7.117) and seeking psychological counselling because of work difficulties (β, .107; 95% CI, 0.237–9.624) emerged as significant predictors of STS among ICU nurses, with the model's explanation of the variance in STS increasing to 45.5%, △R2 = .167, F = 16.482 (p < .001).ConclusionThis study found that ICU nurses have moderate levels of moral resilience and STS, which are negatively correlated. This suggests that improving the moral resilience of ICU nurses may help reduce their STS levels.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe study revealed that ICU nurses' moral resilience and secondary traumatic stress levels were at a moderate level, indicative of the need to take measures to enhance their moral resilience and reduce their secondary traumatic stress, as their presence not only affects the health of ICU nurses but also diminishes the quality of care and increases turnover rates.
Systems genetic analysis of lignin biosynthesis in Populus tremula
Authors: Luomaranta Mikko , Grones Carolin , Choudhary Shruti , Milhinhos Ana , Kalman Teitur Ahlgren , Nilsson Ove , Robinson Kathryn M. , Street Nathaniel R. , Tuominen Hannele 
Published: July 2024

Summary

The genetic control underlying natural variation in lignin content and composition in trees is not fully understood. We performed a systems genetic analysis to uncover the genetic regulation of lignin biosynthesis in a natural ‘SwAsp’ population of aspen (Populus tremula) trees.

We analyzed gene expression by RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) in differentiating xylem tissues, and lignin content and composition using Pyrolysis‐GC‐MS in mature wood of 268 trees from 99 genotypes.

Abundant variation was observed for lignin content and composition, and genome‐wide association study identified proteins in the pentose phosphate pathway and arabinogalactan protein glycosylation among the top‐ranked genes that are associated with these traits. Variation in gene expression and the associated genetic polymorphism was revealed through the identification of 312 705 local and 292 003 distant expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). A co‐expression network analysis suggested modularization of lignin biosynthesis and novel functions for the lignin‐biosynthetic CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 2 and CAFFEOYL‐CoA O‐METHYLTRANSFERASE 3. PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA LYASE 3 was co‐expressed with HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 5 (HB5), and the role of HB5 in stimulating lignification was demonstrated in transgenic trees.

The systems genetic approach allowed linking natural variation in lignin biosynthesis to trees´ responses to external cues such as mechanical stimulus and nutrient availability.
Canopy temperatures strongly overestimate leaf thermal safety margins of tropical trees
Authors: Manzi Olivier Jean Leonce , Wittemann Maria , Dusenge Mirindi Eric , Habimana Jacques , Manishimwe Aloysie , Mujawamariya Myriam , Ntirugulirwa Bonaventure , Zibera Etienne , Tarvainen Lasse , Nsabimana Donat , Wallin Göran , Uddling Johan 
Published: July 2024

Summary

Current estimates of temperature effects on plants mostly rely on air temperature, although it can significantly deviate from leaf temperature (Tleaf). To address this, some studies have used canopy temperature (Tcan). However, Tcan fails to capture the fine‐scale variation in Tleaf among leaves and species in diverse canopies.

We used infrared radiometers to study Tleaf and Tcan and how they deviate from air temperature (ΔTleaf and ΔTcan) in multispecies tropical tree plantations at three sites along an elevation and temperature gradient in Rwanda.

Our results showed high Tleaf (up to c. 50°C) and ΔTleaf (on average 8–10°C and up to c. 20°C) of sun‐exposed leaves during 10:00 h–15:00 h, being close to or exceeding photosynthetic heat tolerance thresholds. These values greatly exceeded simultaneously measured values of Tcan and ΔTcan, respectively, leading to strongly overestimated leaf thermal safety margins if basing those on Tcan data. Stomatal conductance and leaf size affected Tleaf and Tcan in line with their expected influences on leaf energy balance.

Our findings highlight the importance of leaf traits for leaf thermoregulation and show that monitoring Tcan is not enough to capture the peak temperatures and heat stress experienced by individual leaves of different species in tropical forest canopies.
Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the southern African lacewing genus Afroptera (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae)
Authors: Abdalla Ishtiag H. , Mansell Mervyn W. , Sole Catherine L. , Daniel Gimo M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe lacewing genus Afroptera Abdalla & Mansell (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae) is endemic to southern Africa, predominantly found in the Fynbos and Succulent Karoo biomes. The taxonomy of the genus has been recently resolved. However, the monophyly and evolutionary history of the genus has never been addressed. This study employs an integrative phylogenetic approach, by incorporating three ribosomal genes (16S, 28S and 18S) and two protein‐coding genes (cytochrome oxidase subunit I and carbamoyl‐phosphate synthetase‐aspartate transcarbamoylase‐dihydroorotase), and morphological data to examine the monophyly and historical biogeography of Afroptera. We use Bayesian, parsimony and maximum likelihood phylogenetic methods to assess the monophyly and relatedness of Afroptera within the Nemopterinae. We also use ancestral range reconstruction and diversification analysis to infer the historical biogeography of the genus. Our analyses reveal the genus as a monophyletic lineage. The genus Afroptera originated during the Pliocene (5.24–3.13 Mya) in a desert environment, experiencing rapid speciation during the Pleistocene, primarily within the Fynbos and Succulent biomes; and secondarily dispersed into the Nama Karoo and Savannah (Kalahari) biomes. The current distribution patterns of Afroptera species likely stem from intensified aridification in the southwest during the Plio‐Pleistocene, consistent with the dry‐adapted nature of Afroptera's ancestors. Therefore, our findings suggest a climatically driven diversification model for the genus Afroptera.
Racial literacy and performative pedagogies in the German theater practicum
Authors: Koerner Morgan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article explores the potential and pitfalls of performative pedagogies for teaching literature that thematizes issues of race and racism and argues that racial literacy requires a rethinking of drama‐pedagogical practice. An initial segment situates pedagogical discussions of race in North American German curricula within research on racial literacy and then considers the ethical limitations of the usual approaches from drama pedagogy (role‐play and identification exercises) when addressing literature about or from minoritized communities. The second half of the article outlines a case study of a performance‐oriented teaching unit in a German theater practicum course for German at the B2 level, which combined work on performing and staging poetry with a discussion of the Enlightenment's entanglement with white supremacy and scientific racism. Centering on Black German poet Philipp Khabo Köpsell's poem “The Brainage,” the unit raised the question of performative ethics, namely, how and whether the class, consisting of 11 white students and a white instructor, could ethically perform the poem in a live performance at the end of the semester. The article analyzes examples from student learning and the final live performance and makes the argument for performing the process of students’ encounter with literary form using theatrical means.