bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditions under which CNOP sensitivity is valid for tropical cyclone adaptive observations
Authors: Qin Xiaohao , Duan Wansuo , Mu Mu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTo determine whether profound improvements in tropical cyclone (TC) forecasting are achievable by deploying dropwindsondes according to conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) sensitivity, observing system simulated experiments (OSSEs) were conducted on 20 TCs that developed over the western North Pacific during 2010 using Mesoscale Model 5 and its 3DVar assimilation system. Of the 20 cases, 13 showed neutral or improved track forecasts of between 0% and 51.2%. Eliminating initial errors within the CNOP pattern, which are related to either the storm directly or the surrounding regimes indirectly, reduced the subsequent track forecast errors. The remaining 7 TCs showed deterioration in the accuracy of the track forecasts over the 48 h forecast period. Accurate forecasts made without adaptive observations, a low sensitivity of forecast errors to initial errors, or major forecast errors associated with regimes other than the TC, can lead to a decline in the accuracy of TC track forecasts.Following analysis of the potential causes of inaccuracy in the track forecasts, we find that TC cases with profound positive effects on track forecasts often satisfy the following four conditions: (i) an inaccurate initial forecast without additional observation data; (ii) proper sensitivity of the forecast errors to the initial errors; (iii) a large proportion of the forecast errors fall within the verification region; and (iv) the TC system is the dominant regime in the verification region at verification time. Seven TCs satisfied these four conditions, and showed a mean reduction of 28.75% in track forecast errors over periods of 12–48 h. This result suggests that the TC cases satisfying these four conditions often show profound improvements on track forecast by dropwindsondes guided by CNOP sensitivity.
Automatic scaling of F layer from ionograms
Authors: Chen Ziwei , Wang Shun , Zhang Shunrong , Fang Guangyou , Wang Jinsong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe correct automatic scaling of ionograms is one of the fundamental first steps to obtain ionospheric information. In this paper, new algorithms are proposed to scale F layer traces and separate ordinary ray and extraordinary ray traces from ionograms automatically. The method is mainly based on mathematical morphology, graph theory, and the echo characteristics of the ionosphere. Digital ionogram data from the Chinese Academy of Sciences Digital Ionosonde, installed at Dulan (36°17′N, 98°5′E), were used to demonstrate the data processing procedures.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF NITRIFICATION RATES IN FORESTED FLOODPLAIN WETLAND SOILS OF UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER POOL 8
Authors: Jicha T. M. , Johnson L. B. , Hill B. H. , Regal R. R. , Elonen C. M. , Pearson M. S. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTOverbank flooding is thought to be a critical process controlling nitrogen retention and cycling. Yet, studies aimed at quantifying these effects, specifically nitrification, are relatively few. In this study, we investigated the effects of season and flood frequency on soil nitrification rates in forested floodplains of Upper Mississippi River, Pool 8. Samples were collected from three plots within each site in April, August and November 2006. Plots were equally divided among three flood frequency categories as follows: rare, moderate and frequent based on elevation and flood probability model. We found a significant difference in nitrification rates among flood frequency categories as follows: rare > moderate > frequent (F = 4.49, p < 0.01) and over season: spring > summer > autumn (F = 8.88, p < 0.01). Regression for all samples showed that elevation, NH4‐N, bulk density and soil temperature explained a moderate amount of variation in nitrification rates (R2 = 0.29, p < 0.01). Models for moderately flooded, spring, summer and autumn samples improved when analysed individually. The absence of a correlation between nitrification rates and hydrology limits our ability to predict rates based on hydrology alone. The model based on elevation and season allows us to estimate nitrification rates with moderate confidence (R2 = 0.27, p < 0.01). A rough calculation of forest floodplain nitrification rates suggests that 473 mt of NO3‐N are produced annually, about 0.5% of Pool 8 total annual NO3‐N budget. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EFFECTS OF GEOMORPHIC PROCESS DOMAINS ON RIVER ECOSYSTEMS: A COMPARISON OF FLOODPLAIN AND CONFINED VALLEY SEGMENTS
Authors: Bellmore J. R. , Baxter C. V. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe geomorphic template of streams and rivers exerts strong controls on the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems. However, relationships between stream geomorphology and ecosystem structure and function are not always clear and have not been investigated equally across spatial scales. In montane regions, rivers often alternate between canyon‐confined segments and unconfined floodplain segments. Yet, few studies have evaluated how this pattern influences aquatic ecosystems. Here, we compared five confined river segments to five paired floodplain segments in terms of allochthonous inputs, aquatic primary producer and invertebrate production, stream retentive capacity, and aquatic invertebrate community composition. We found that floodplains had a higher (up to 4×) retentive capacity, a greater richness (58%) of aquatic invertebrates, and a distinctly different invertebrate community, relative to confined segments. Contrary to our expectations, allochthonous inputs were approximately 2× greater for confined segments, and aquatic primary and invertebrate production exhibited no consistent differences between segment types. However, results did indicate that floodplains had greater overall community respiration than confined segments. Together, these findings suggest that floodplain and confined segments do indeed differ in terms of aquatic ecosystem structure and function but not entirely as expected. Confined segments had greater allochthonous inputs but a lower capacity to retain those inputs, whereas floodplains had a high capacity to retain transported organic matter and also a more diverse community of invertebrates and higher overall community respiration to ‘digest’ retained organic matter. If these findings are generalizable, then they would indicate that confined segments are sources for organic matter within river networks, whereas floodplains act as filters, removing and processing organic matter transported from upstream confined segments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow field forecasting for univariate time series
Authors: Frey Micheal R. , Caudle Kyle A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA statistical learning methodology, called ﬂow ﬁeld forecasting, is presented for predicting the future of a univariate time series. Flow ﬁeld forecasting draws information from an interpolated ﬂow ﬁeld of the observed time series to incrementally build a forecast. The time series need not have uniformly spaced observations. Included in the presentation are measures of assessment, a procedure for forecast updating as new data arrive and a performance comparison of ﬂow ﬁeld forecasting with other major forecasting techniques. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2013
Self‐calibrated SAR ADC based on split capacitor DAC without the use of fractional‐value capacitor
Authors: Du Ling , Ning Ning , Zhang Jun , Yu Qi , Liu Yang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA successive approximation register analog‐to‐digital converter (SAR ADC) based on a split‐capacitor digital‐to‐analog converter (CDAC) with a split binary weighted capacitor array and C‐2C ladder is proposed. In present design, a unit split capacitor is used in the CDAC instead of the fractional‐value capacitor in the conventional configuration. The preset error induced by the unit split capacitor and the mismatch error of the upper bit CDAC are self‐calibrated. The calibration range and the impact of calibration DAC resolution on circuit linearity are studied to provide an optimum design guideline. Behavior simulation and post‐layout simulation are performed to verify the proposed calibration method. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Elimination of artifacts on aperture synthesis images using ultrasonic sensor's directivity and the ratio of intensity
Authors: Tachioka Yuuki , Hirano Takashi , Ishii Jun 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAperture synthesis images using a small number of ultrasonic sensors contain circular or elliptic artifacts. In this letter, to generate clear images less aﬀected by artifacts with the same number of sensors, we propose a method that eliminates these artifacts using sensor's directivity and the ratio of its intensity. The experiments of detecting a plate were performed in terms of estimation of the edge point and the inclination of the plate. Results show that the proposed method can achieve smaller errors than the conventional method. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chemoinformatics applications of cluster analysis
Authors: MacCuish John David , MacCuish Norah Elizabeth 
Published: May 2013

Chemoinformatics applications of cluster analysis over the past 35 years include chemical diversity for compound acquisition, analysis of HTS results for lead discovery, 2D and 3D chemical similarity searching for virtual screening, and hypothesis generation for lead hopping using molecular shape and pharmacophore descriptors. These applications still provide the majority of cluster analysis usage, but the advent of greater and greater computational resources has allowed researchers to tackle applications of ever increasing scale and complexity. In the past few years, a far broader array of clustering methods is now used—some entirely new, some common to other disciplines, and others modified to specific chemoinformatic applications. The chemoinformatic applications have also broadened to include greater biological information more commonly associated with bioinformatics. Indeed, clustering techniques, such as coclustering or self‐organizing trees, commonly found in bioinformatics, are beginning to find chemoinformatic application uses. Issues such as visualization and validation of clustering results continue to present challenging problems, especially given that the scale of many problems now attempted has increased enormously. Some new validation techniques have been introduced in the chemoinformatics literature that now allow for both a better understanding of the clustering results and help point to methods of greater efficacy. Effective validation and visualization of clustering results of large data sets has proven to be more problematic. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2014, 4:34–48. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1152This article is categorized under:

Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics
Ribosome profiling: a Hi‐Def monitor for protein synthesis at the genome‐wide scale
Authors: Michel Audrey M. , Baranov Pavel V. 
Published: May 2013

Ribosome profiling or ribo‐seq is a new technique that provides genome‐wide information on protein synthesis (GWIPS) in vivo. It is based on the deep sequencing of ribosome protected mRNA fragments allowing the measurement of ribosome density along all RNA molecules present in the cell. At the same time, the high resolution of this technique allows detailed analysis of ribosome density on individual RNAs. Since its invention, the ribosome profiling technique has been utilized in a range of studies in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Several studies have adapted and refined the original ribosome profiling protocol for studying specific aspects of translation. Ribosome profiling of initiating ribosomes has been used to map sites of translation initiation. These studies revealed the surprisingly complex organization of translation initiation sites in eukaryotes. Multiple initiation sites are responsible for the generation of N‐terminally extended and truncated isoforms of known proteins as well as for the translation of numerous open reading frames (ORFs), upstream of protein coding ORFs. Ribosome profiling of elongating ribosomes has been used for measuring differential gene expression at the level of translation, the identification of novel protein coding genes and ribosome pausing. It has also provided data for developing quantitative models of translation. Although only a dozen or so ribosome profiling datasets have been published so far, they have already dramatically changed our understanding of translational control and have led to new hypotheses regarding the origin of protein coding genes. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:473–490. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1172This article is categorized under:

Translation > Ribosome Structure/Function
Translation > Translation Mechanisms
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells
French Professionals in Genetic Counselor Careers
Authors: Cordier C. , Taris N. , De Pauw A. , Sobol H. , Philip N. , Voelckel M.‐A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe profession of genetic counseling in France was recognized in 2004, based on the recommendations of a mandate commissioned by the Health Minister to explore the medical demographics of France. The report predicted a shortage of health professionals in the field of genetics, particularly in light of the rapid development of molecular testing. Development of the profession was supported by a legal framework, and today 107 genetic counselors have graduated from the specific educational program which awards the Professional Master's Degree of Human Pathology, entitled Master in Genetic Counseling and Predictive Medicine. Here we will trace the development of the profession in France and review the demographic characteristics of the students and genetic counselors practicing the profession today.
Induced pluripotency and direct reprogramming: a new window for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Li Rui , Bai Ye , Liu Tongtong , Wang Xiaoqun , Wu Qian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHuman embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent cells that have the ability of unlimited self-renewal and can be differentiated into different cell lineages, including neural stem (NS) cells. Diverse regulatory signaling pathways of neural stem cells differentiation have been discovered, and this will be of great benefit to uncover the mechanisms of neuronal differentiation in vivo and in vitro. However, the limitations of hESCs resource along with the religious and ethical concerns impede the progress of ESCs application. Therefore, the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via somatic cell reprogramming have opened up another new territory for regenerative medicine. iPSCs now can be derived from a number of lineages of cells, and are able to differentiate into certain cell types, including neurons. Patient-specifi c iPSCs are being used in human neurodegenerative disease modeling and drug screening. Furthermore, with the development of somatic direct reprogramming or lineage reprogramming technique, a more effective approach for regenerative medicine could become a complement for iPSCs.
Treatment of neuropathic pain with the capsaicin 8% patch: Quantitative sensory testing (QST) in a prospective observational study identifies potential predictors of response to capsaicin 8% patch treatment
Authors: Gustorff Burkhard , Poole Chris , Kloimstein Herwig , Hacker Nicole , Likar Rudolf 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background and aims
Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNeP) is a chronic and disabling condition for which no predictors of response to treatment have yet been identified. Clinical studies show that while many patients with PNeP respond positively to treatment with the capsaicin 8% patch, others do not. This study used quantitative sensory testing (QST) to determine whether any patient characteristics can predict response to treatment with the capsaicin 8% patch.

Methods
This was a prospective, non-placebo-controlled, observational study. Patients used the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to assess their pain at baseline and then on Days 1, 7–10 (from here referred to as Day 7/10), 28 and 84 following treatment with the capsaicin 8% patch. QST was undertaken at the same timepoints on the painful area at the region of maximum PNeP and on a contralateral, control area. In addition, the size of the painful area was assessed at baseline and Days 7/10, 28 and 84.

Results
A total of 57 patients were treated. Among 54 evaluable patients, 19 (35.2%) achieved a ≥30% reduction in VAS pain score at Day 7/10 post-treatment compared with baseline — these were defined as ‘responders’. Analysis of the QST data showed that the PNeP area in responders, but not in non-responders, had a significantly lower pressure pain threshold compared with the control area at baseline (median 320 kPa vs. 480 kPa, respectively; p = .004). Furthermore, non-responders had approximately three times greater degree of allodynia at baseline compared with responders across tests using brush, cotton wool and Q-tip. These differences were significant for tests using brush and cotton wool (p = .024 and p = .046, respectively) and approached significance in the test using Q-tip (p = .066). Following treatment with the capsaicin 8% patch, responders showed a trend towards a reduction in warm perception and also appeared to show normalization of the pinprick hyperalgesia at some stimulus levels. Responders to therapy had significantly greater reductions than non-responders in the size of the painful area at Day 28 (p = .011) and Day 84 (p = .005) following treatment. However, both responders and non-responders had meaningful reductions in the size of the painful area compared with baseline values.

Conclusions
This study suggests that differences can be identified in the sensory profiles of patients with PNeP who respond to the capsaicin 8% patch and those who do not, specifically pressure pain threshold and degree of allodynia. Notably, both responders and non-responders experienced meaningful reductions in the size of the painful area following treatment.

Implications
The findings warrant further investigation in a larger number of patients and in prospective trials.
Functional recovery results from the risperidone long-acting injectable versus quetiapine relapse prevention trial (ConstaTRE)
Authors: Rouillon Frédéric , Eriksson Lars , Burba Benjaminas , Raboch Jiri , Kaprinis Georgios , Schreiner Andreas 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveConstaTRE is an open-label, randomised, controlled, relapse prevention trial in patients with stable schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder switched to risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI) or oral quetiapine, and was designed to test the hypothesis that injectable antipsychotic treatment with risperidone would be more effective than oral therapy with quetiapine. Here we report the functional recovery results from the ConstaTRE trial.MethodsClinically stable adults previously treated with oral risperidone, olanzapine, or oral first-generation antipsychotics were randomised to RLAI or quetiapine for 24 months. Functional recovery was assessed using the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) and two quality-of-life (QoL) measures [Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form-12 (SF-12) and Schizophrenia Quality-of-Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4)].ResultsA total of 666 patients were randomised and treated with RLAI (n = 329) or quetiapine (n = 337). Relapse occurred in 16.5% RLAI and 31.3% quetiapine patients. Significant improvements in SOFAS, SF-12, and SQLS-R4 scores were observed from baseline to month 24 with both RLAI and quetiapine. At months 6, and 12, and endpoint, improvement in SOFAS score was significantly greater for RLAI than quetiapine (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAmong patients with stable schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, the likelihood of functional recovery appears to be higher in those switching to RLAI than to quetiapine, although improvements in functional status and QoL were observed with both treatments.
Methodological considerations for meal-induced thermogenesis: measurement duration and reproducibility
Authors: Ruddick-Collins Leonie C. , King Neil A. , Byrne Nuala M. , Wood Rachel E. 
Published: May 2013

Meal-induced thermogenesis (MIT) research findings have been highly inconsistent, in part, due to the variety of durations and protocols used to measure MIT. In the present study, we aimed to determine the following: (1) the proportion of a 6 h MIT response completed at 3, 4 and 5 h; (2) the associations between the shorter durations and the 6 h measures; (3) whether shorter durations improved the reproducibility of the measurement. MIT was measured in response to a 2410 kJ mixed composition meal in ten individuals (five males and five females) on two occasions. Energy expenditure was measured continuously for 6 h post-meal using indirect calorimetry, and MIT was calculated as the increase in energy expenditure above the pre-meal RMR. On average, 76, 89 and 96 % of the 6 h MIT response was completed within 3, 4 and 5 h, respectively, and MIT at each of these time points was strongly correlated with the 6 h MIT response (range for correlations, r 0·990–0·998; P< 0·01). The between-day CV for the 6 h measurement was 33 %, but it was significantly lower after 3 h of measurement (CV 26 %; P= 0·02). Despite variability in the total MIT between days, the proportion of MIT that was completed at 3, 4 and 5 h was reproducible (mean CV: 5 %). While 6 h are typically required to measure the complete MIT response, the 3 h measures provide sufficient information about the magnitude of the MIT response and may be applicable for testing individuals on repeated occasions.
Prospective inter-relationships between late adolescent personality and major depressive disorder in early adulthood
Authors: Wilson S. , DiRago A. C. , Iacono W. G. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundA well-established body of literature demonstrates concurrent associations between personality traits and major depressive disorder (MDD), but there have been relatively few investigations of their dynamic interplay over time.MethodProspective inter-relationships between late-adolescent personality and MDD in early adulthood were examined in a community sample of male and female twins from the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS; n = 1252). Participants were classified into naturally occurring MDD groups based on the timing (adolescent versus adult onset) and course (chronic/recurrent versus remitting) of MDD. MDD diagnoses were assessed at ages 17, 20, 24 and 29 years, and personality traits [negative emotionality (NEM), positive emotionality (PEM) and constraint (CON)] were assessed at ages 17, 24 and 29 years.ResultsMultilevel modeling (MLM) analyses indicated that higher age-17 NEM was associated with the subsequent development of MDD, and any MDD, regardless of onset or course, was associated with higher NEM up to age 29. Moreover, the chronic/recurrent MDD groups failed to show the normative decrease in NEM from late adolescence to early adulthood. Lower age-17 PEM was also associated with the subsequent development of MDD but only among the chronic/recurrent MDD groups. Finally, the adolescent-onset MDD groups reported lower age-17 CON relative to the never-depressed and adult-onset MDD groups.ConclusionsTaken together, the results speak to the role of personality traits for conferring risk for the onset of MDD in late adolescence and early adulthood, in addition to the pernicious implications of chronic/recurrent MDD, particularly when it onsets during adolescence, for adaptive personality development.