bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developments in the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Doyle Tomas , Webster Daniel 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The burden of HCV-related diseases, in terms of mortality and cost, remains considerable and HCV remains a potential cause of morbidity, mortality, and need for liver transplantation. For many years, patients with chronic HCV have been promised that new, more effective drugs are ‘just around the corner’. Now, advances in drug discovery mean that there is a pipeline of candidate drugs in development and many at the stage of clinical testing with encouraging results. This chapter describes a case of a patient who has relapsed on traditional ribavirin and interferon therapy and is successfully treated with a new regimen containing a directly acting antiviral (DAA). DAAs are discussed with particular attention to prognostic indicators and side-effect profiles.
Staphylococcal prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Bouzidi Kate El , Laundy Matthew 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a catastrophic complication and the majority of cases are caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci or Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococci adhere to native bone and prostheses and can form biofilms to protect against the host immune response and antibiotic penetration. Diagnosis may be difficult in the absence of fever and raised inflammatory markers, and radiology findings are often non-specific. A microbiological diagnosis may be obtained by tissue cultures or newer techniques such as sonication and PCR. The infection in the case was identified as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Different surgical strategies available to manage prosthetic joint infection are discussed including one- and two-stage revision arthroplasty, DAIR (debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention), and the use of antibiotic-eluting spacers and cement. There is controversy regarding the choice, duration, and route of administration of antibiotic therapy and whether prolonged systemic therapy is required at all. PJI creates a significant economic burden and infection control procedures are imperative to reduce the impact on patients and healthcare resources.
Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Hatcher James , Loebinger Michael 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) is common and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Antibiotics aimed at Pseudomonas are used to eradicate early infection, suppress chronic infection, and treat acute exacerbations. Treatment options are limited due to increasing resistance and in vitro susceptibility information does not always correlate with in vivo outcomes. A case is presented with chronic Pseudomonas infection and the management and antibiotic choices for the patient during an acute hospital admission discussed, including the role of inhaled antibiotics such as tobramycin.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Fhogartaigh Caoimhe Nic , Brown Mike 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is increasingly being identified around the world. Treatment options are limited due to the lack of new anti-mycobacterial agents and the side-effect profiles of currently available options. Diagnosis is dependent on both the ability to perform phenotypic susceptibility testing and increasingly on molecular methodologies. A case of MDR-TB is presented and the management discussed. The side effects suffered by the patient and the concomitant resistance to the fluoroquinolones leads the physicians to apply for compassionate use of TMC 207, a new anti-mycobacterial agent.
Extraction of relations between genes and diseases from text and large-scale data analysis: implications for translational research
Authors: Bravo Àlex , Piñero Janet , Queralt Núria , Rautschka Michael , Furlong Laura I. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundCurrent biomedical research needs to leverage and exploit the large amount of information reported in publications. Automated text mining approaches, in particular those aimed at finding relationships between entities, are key for identification of actionable knowledge from free text repositories. We present the BeFree system aimed at identifying relationships between biomedical entities with a special focus on genes and their associated diseases.ResultsBy exploiting morpho-syntactic information of the text BeFree is able to identify gene-disease, drug-disease and drug-target associations with state-of-the-art performance. The application of BeFree to real-case scenarios shows its effectiveness in extracting information relevant for translational research. We show the value of the gene-disease associations extracted by BeFree through a number of analyses and integration with other data sources. BeFree succeeds in identifying genes associated to a major cause of morbidity worldwide, depression, which are not present in other public resources. Moreover, large-scale extraction and analysis of gene-disease associations, and integration with current biomedical knowledge, provided interesting insights on the kind of information that can be found in the literature, and raised challenges regarding data prioritization and curation. We found that only a small proportion of the gene-disease associations discovered by using BeFree is collected in expert-curated databases. Thus, there is a pressing need to find alternative strategies to manual curation to review, prioritize and curate text-mining data and incorporate it into domain-specific databases. We present our strategy for data prioritization and discuss its implications for supporting biomedical research and applications.ConclusionsBeFree is a novel text mining system that performs competitively for the identification of gene-disease, drug-disease and drug-target associations. Our analyses show that mining only a small fraction of MEDLINE results in a large dataset of gene-disease associations, and only a small proportion of this dataset is actually recorded in curated resources, raising several issues on data prioritization and curation. We propose that joint analysis of text mined data with data curated by experts appears as a suitable approach to both assess data quality and highlight novel and interesting information.
Efficient convolution based impedance boundary conditions
Authors: Paganini Alberto , López-Férnández María 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach based on Convolution quadrature (CQ) for the modeling and the numerical treatment of impedance boundary condition.

Design/methodology/approach
– The model is derived from a general setting. Its discretization is discussed in details by providing pseudo-codes and by performing their complexity analysis. The model is validated through several numerical experiments.

Findings
– CQ provides an efficient and accurate treatment of impedance boundary conditions.

Originality/value
– The paper suggests a new effective treatment of impedance boundary conditions.
A reduced basis method for microwave semiconductor devices with geometric variations
Authors: W. Hess Martin , Benner Peter 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The Reduced Basis Method (RBM) generates low-order models of parametrized PDEs to allow for efficient evaluation of parametrized models in many-query and real-time contexts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of the RBM in microwave semiconductor devices, governed by Maxwell's equations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper shows the theoretical framework in which the RBM is applied to Maxwell's equations and present numerical results for model reduction under geometry variation.

Findings
– The RBM reduces model order by a factor of $1,000 and more with guaranteed error bounds.

Originality/value
– Exponential convergence speed can be observed by numerical experiments, which makes the RBM a suitable method for parametric model reduction (PMOR).
Antecedents of parent-based school reputation and loyalty: an international application
Authors: A. Badri Masood , Mohaidat Jihad 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to validate the direction and strength of the relationships between school reputation, parental satisfaction and parental loyalty.Design/methodology/approach– The paper reports the findings of a survey of 806 parents from Schools in Abu Dhabi – the United Arab Emirates. The paper builds mainly on previous work of Skallerud (2011) on measurement of school reputations. Structural equation modelling was used to validate the reputation measure and to test the proposed relationships. The model hypothesised and tested relationships linking school reputation to parental satisfaction and loyalty.Findings– The results show strong support for a satisfaction-reputation-loyalty model and confirmed the four-dimensional scale (parental orientation, learning quality, safe environment and good teachers) for assessment of parent-based school reputation. Evidence was found that parents’ satisfaction significantly affects the four reputation dimensions. However, only three constructs of parent orientation affected parental perception of school loyalty. Additional personal or demographic variables should be included to improve the model.Research limitations/implications– The study was limited to parents of children attending public and private schools in Abu Dhabi. The model should be validated with other schools and in other Emirates and countries.Practical implications– Identifying the antecedents of parent-based school reputation might aid school decision makers to better address parental satisfaction and loyalty. A careful examination of the causal relations between the various constructs could aid in crafting and implementing effective programs for increasing parental satisfaction and attracting future students.Originality/value– The study adds to the limited body of research addressing the appropriate conceptualisation and measurement of school reputation. It also sheds light on a better understanding of the potential relationships among the constructs in the model.
Logistics and supply chain process integration as a source of competitive advantage
Authors: Mellat-Parast Mahour , E. Spillan John 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of logistics and supply chain integration on firm competitiveness in manufacturing firms.Design/methodology/approach– Utilizing the resource-based view of competitive advantage along with the transaction cost economics theory, the authors address the critical role of logistics and supply chain strategy as the driver of logistics and supply chain integration and firm competitiveness. Structural equation modeling is used to determine the effect of two sets of logistics and supply chain integration practices (logistics/supply chain information integration and logistics/supply chain process integration) along with logistics outsourcing decision practices (logistics investment decisions and private warehousing decisions) on firm competitiveness.Findings– The results indicate that logistics/supply chain strategy is the main driver of logistics and supply chain integration and logistics decisions. Furthermore, the findings suggest that logistics/supply chain process integration is the most significant predictor of firm's competitive position.Research limitations/implications– Further examination and testing of the proposed model across multiple contexts is necessary for validity of the findings.Originality/value– This is one of the first studies that provide an empirical analysis on the importance of different sources of integration (information and process) in logistics and supply chain and their impact on firm competitiveness.
Consumer perceptions of salesperson gender and credibility: an evolutionary explanation
Authors: Paul Prendergast Gerard , Sze Li Sze , Li Connie 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of the homophily theory and the related concept of source similarity which predict that a male salesperson is more effective in serving male customers, and a female is more effective with females. For products designed to enhance female attractiveness, however, Darwinian theories of reproduction suggest that a male may be more effective than a female in dealing with female customers. This study of Hong Kong consumers examined the possibility and, in doing so, challenged the assumed utility of homophily in selling cosmetics.Design/methodology/approach– Two studies were conducted. The first was an experiment where female subjects were asked to report their responses to female and male salespersons selling cosmetics. The second study was a phenomenological study exploring the responses of female customers who had encountered male salespeople in cosmetics shops.Findings– The experiment found that a male salesperson tended to induce significantly stronger purchase intention than a female, and that salesperson credibility (specifically, trustworthiness and attractiveness) plays a significant role in mediating the impact of salesperson gender on purchase intention. The follow-up phenomenological study of female customers who had encountered male salespeople in cosmetics shops supported the experimental findings and offered additional support for their evolutionary basis.Research limitations/implications– Darwinian theories of reproduction and source credibility together offer a more complete explanation for the effectiveness of salespeople in the gender-sensitive cosmetics market. However, the experiment involved creating fictitious salespeople matched for trust, expertise and attractiveness. The artificiality of the treatments was necessary to construct a controlled scenario to uphold internal validity, but it may limit the generalizability of the results.Practical implications– To encourage a positive consumer response, retailers need to consider salesperson gender and training. In some specific contexts (such as the selling of products designed to enhance female attractiveness), male salespeople ought to be used ahead of female salespeople, and those male salespeople need to have high credibility to be effective. However, as such, salesmen may not be seen as more expert than saleswomen; expertise needs to be an area of focus in terms of salesperson training.Originality/value– The results of previous research testing homophily theory suggest that a salesperson of the same gender as the customer ought to induce stronger purchase intentions. This study has shown that for the selling of appearance-related products, gender heterophily may be more effective than homophily. Darwinian interpretations of intrasexual rivalry and courtship might help explain why males sell cosmetics more effectively.
Impact of exotic insect herbivores on native tritrophic interactions: a case study of the African cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis and insects associated with the field mustard Brassica rapa
Authors: Chabaane Yosra , Laplanche Diane , Turlings Ted C. J. , Desurmont Gaylord A. 
Published: July 2014

Summary

When exotic herbivores invade new environments, they have the potential to interfere with native predator‐prey relationships. This interference can be indirect, via changes induced in native host plants, and may have cascading consequences at the community level. Here, we investigate the impact of the presence of an exotic generalist insect herbivore, the African cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, on the outcome of native tritrophic interactions between the plant Brassica rapa, the herbivore Pieris brassicae and its parasitoid Cotesia glomerata.

In olfactometer choice tests, plants damaged by S. littoralis and plants damaged by both S. littoralis and P. brassicae were consistently less attractive to the parasitoid than plants damaged by P. brassicae alone. Chemical analyses revealed that B. rapa volatiles typically induced by S. littoralis dominated the headspace in case of dual herbivore infestation.

In behavioural observations in petri dishes, C. glomerata wasps mistakenly attacked S. littoralis larvae significantly more often when P. brassicae was present, and attacks on both herbivores were comparable in terms of time (attack duration) and energy investment (number of eggs injected). Successful parasitism of S. littoralis was never observed, but larvae exposed to C. glomerata for 24 h exhibited reduced survivorship, possibly as a result of failed parasitism attempts.

In tents with herbivore‐infested B. rapa plants, the presence of S. littoralis did not have an effect on the parasitism rates of P. brassicae by C. glomerata, regardless of whether the two species were on the same or on different plants. Field experiments in newly invaded environments are necessary to evaluate the realized impact of S. littoralis.

Synthesis. Our study illustrates that exotic herbivores can impact native tritrophic interactions associated with Brassica rapa, even if they cannot be used as prey by native natural enemies. The mechanisms behind such effects, in particular chemical interference with foraging cues via changes in herbivore‐induced plant volatiles, have the potential to be quite general, and their long‐term effects on native communities should not be underestimated.
Improving communication outcomes for young offenders: a proposed response to intervention framework
Authors: Snow Pamela C. , Sanger Dixie D. , Caire Laura M. , Eadie Patricia A. , Dinslage Teagan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundSpeech, language and communication needs (SLCN) are strongly overrepresented in young offender populations, and there is growing commitment internationally to ensuring access to speech–language therapy services for such young people. However there is currently no framework in which such interventions might be conceptualized, delivered and evaluated. This is significant given the role of language competence in the development of prosocial skills and also in the transition to literacy.AimsTo present Response to Intervention (RTI) as a framework in which SLCN of young offenders might be systematically addressed and evaluated within youth justice settings, led by speech–language therapists, in conjunction with other education and welfare team members.Methods & ProceduresLiterature regarding prevalence rates of SLCN in young offenders is reviewed, together with the limited extant evidence on interventions for this group. The importance of applying evidence‐based interventions is argued, and a framework for adapting RTI for SLCN in custodial settings is outlined.Main ContributionA framework for adapting RTI to design, deliver and evaluate speech–language therapy interventions in youth custodial settings is presented.ConclusionsSpeech–language therapy interventions for young offenders will be better addressed at policy, practice and research levels if a framework such as an RTI adaptation is employed. It is expected, however, that this model will evolve over time, as intervention evidence pertaining to the youth offender population emerges.
Acute Fatal Coronary Artery Dissection Following Exercise‐related Blunt Chest Trauma
Authors: Barbesier Marie , Boval Catherine , Desfeux Jacques , Lebreton Catherine , Léonetti Georges , Piercecchi Marie‐Dominique 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCoronary artery injury such as acute coronary dissection is an uncommon and potentially life‐threatening complication after blunt chest trauma. The authors report an unusual autopsy case of a 43‐year‐old healthy man who suddenly collapsed after receiving a punch to the chest during the practice of kung fu. The occurrence of the punch was supported by the presence of one recent contusion on the left lateral chest area at the external examination and by areas of hemorrhage next to the left lateral intercostal spaces at the internal examination. The histological examination revealed the presence of an acute dissection of the proximal segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Only few cases of coronary artery dissection have been reported due to trauma during sports activities such as rugby and soccer games, but never during the practice of martial arts, sports usually considered as safe and responsible for only minor trauma.
Transitions in reflective practice: Exploring student development and preferred methods of engagement
Authors: O'Reilly Sharleen L. , Milner Julia 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimHealth‐care professional students are required to demonstrate their reflective practice skills during their degree training programme. Online and digital technologies are increasingly being used to support this skill development. Our study aimed to explore whether different technology‐based methods supported student growth and skill development in reflective practice at separate developmental time points (novice and competent).MethodsThird‐ (n = 23) and fourth‐year undergraduate dietetic students (n = 22) from a single university were cross‐sectionally surveyed via an online anonymous questionnaire at the end of the academic year. The mixed methods survey of 37 questions investigated the student experience of different reflective practice activities, their effect on a student's ability to self‐reflect and whether using them aided a student's perceived transition towards becoming a competent dietitian. The data analysis included brief thematic enquiry, descriptive and independent t‐test statistical examination.ResultsDifferences emerged in the way students engaged in reflection over time. Fourth‐year students preferred to use more independent methods such as e‐journaling (fourth‐ vs third‐year students, P = 0.003) and engaged in reflection for reasons outside assessment (fourth‐ vs third‐years, P = 0.027). Fourth‐year students also identified fewer negative barriers to participating in reflection and reported being comfortable engaging in reflective practice.ConclusionsOverall, offering students a range of ways to engage in reflective practice over time supported their understanding and increased confidence in their reflective practice skills, thus potentially enabling a smoother transition into their profession where reflective practice is an essential and autonomous skill.
Inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability of digitally captured images of plate waste
Authors: Navarro Daniela Abigail , Singer Pierre , Leibovitz Eyal , Krause Ilan , Boaz Mona 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimDigital intake estimation has been shown to be strongly correlated with real‐time visual estimation of dietary intake in cafeterias and long term care settings. The objectives of the present study were to estimate intra‐ and interrater agreement for digitally captured plate waste in hospitalised adults.MethodsLunch plates (n = 106) of hospitalised adults were photographed immediately prior to tray collection. Two raters used the modified Comstock method to assess food waste from each of the digital images. Additionally, a randomly selected subset of photographs was re‐estimated 72 hours following the first estimation. Inter‐ and intrarater reliability were estimated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).ResultsIn the total population, the ICC for interrater reliability was 0.95 (95% CI 0.93–0.97, P < 0.0001) for the entire meal, 0.94 (95% CI 0.9–0.96, P < 0.0001) for vegetables, 0.96 (95% CI 0.9–0.96, P < 0.0001) for starch and 0.96 (95% CI 0.94–0.97, P < 0.0001) for the main course. ICC for intrarater reliability was 0.99 (95% CI 0.97–1.0, P < 0.0001) for the entire meal, 0.95 (95% CI 0.86–0.98, P < 0.0001) for vegetables, 0.97 (95% CI 0.92–0.99, P < 0.0001) for starch and 0.99 (0.98–1.0, P < 0.0001) for the main course. Findings were similar for regular diets and somewhat weaker for soft diets.ConclusionsDietary intake estimated from digital images has a high degree of both inter‐ and intrarater reliability in hospitalised patient populations.