bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence‐assisted ultrasound‐guided regional anaesthesia: An explorative scoping review
Authors: Marino Martina , Hagh Rebecca , Hamrin Senorski Eric , Longo Umile Giuseppe , Oeding Jacob F. , Nellgard Bengt , Szell Anita , Samuelsson Kristian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThe present study reviews the available scientific literature on artificial intelligence (AI)‐assisted ultrasound‐guided regional anaesthesia (UGRA) and evaluates the reported intraprocedural parameters and postprocedural outcomes.MethodsA literature search was performed on 19 September 2023, using the Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases by experts in electronic searching. All study designs were considered with no restrictions regarding patient characteristics or cohort size. Outcomes assessed included the accuracy of AI‐model tracking, success at the first attempt, differences in outcomes between AI‐assisted and unassisted UGRA, operator feedback and case‐report data.ResultsA joint adaptive median binary pattern (JAMBP) has been applied to improve the tracking procedure, while a particle filter (PF) is involved in feature extraction. JAMBP combined with PF was most accurate on all images for landmark identification, with accuracy scores of 0.83, 0.93 and 0.93 on original, preprocessed and filtered images, respectively. Evaluation of first‐attempt success of spinal needle insertion revealed first‐attempt success in most patients. When comparing AI application versus UGRA alone, a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) was found for correct block view, correct structure identification and decrease in mean injection time, needle track adjustments and bone encounters in favour of having AI assistance. Assessment of operator feedback revealed that expert and nonexpert operator feedback was overall positive.ConclusionAI appears promising to enhance UGRA as well as to positively influence operator training. AI application of UGRA may improve the identification of anatomical structures and provide guidance for needle placement, reducing the risk of complications and improving patient outcomes.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
The ‘forgotten’ lateral patellofemoral ligament: The known unknown
Authors: Vasiliadis Angelo V. , Marín Fermín Theodorakys , Papakostas Emmanouil 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe lateral patellofemoral ligament (LPFL) is an important anatomical structure and a stabilizer of the patella against medial subluxation or dislocation. It is located within the second layer of the lateral soft tissue of the knee, with firm attachments to the anterior‐distal region of the lateral femoral epicondyle and the the lateral edge of the patella and patellar tendon. LPFL has a non‐isometric character and decreases its length across the knee flexion, especially from 0° to 30°. Most LPFL injuries are iatrogenic (> 90%) and occur during lateral retinacular release, while the mainstay treatment option involves reconstruction of the torn ligament using an autograft or an allograft.
Contextual corporeality: Life in the ninth decade and beyond
Authors: Eliopoulos Elaine M. , Higgs Paul , Gilleard Chris 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIncreased longevity is occurring worldwide with the greatest increase in the numbers of the very old. Many gerontological scholars have noted that these changes pose a risk of exclusion of the very old whose ability to participate in society may be compromised by bodily challenges. While the growing number of people aged 80 years and over raises many issues concerning health and social care needs, demands for a skilled workforce, and scope for technical innovations designed to compensate for the infirmities of advanced old age, these topics tend to exclude consideration of the everyday experiences, interests and wishes of those in deep old age. The qualitative research reported here focuses on people in advanced old age and the associated corporeal challenges they may face, set in the context of living on the San Juan islands off the coast of Washington in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The participants of this study were islanders ranging in age from 80 to 102 years with a median age of 83 (M = 85.9, SD = 5.95). A mixture of semistructured interview and a photo elicitation methodology was employed. The results of the study demonstrated that, while integral to daily life in deep old age, corporeal challenges per se did not necessarily lead to a sense of exclusion, at least in the context of island life. Thematic analysis of the findings suggested the importance of context in framing corporeality, and the need to look beyond objective indicators of disability and function to acknowledge the role of social belonging in ensuring the continuing citizenship and social engagement of people in their ninth decade and beyond.
Simultaneously implementing pathways for improving asthma, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis care for hospitalized children: Protocol for a hybrid effectiveness‐implementation, cluster‐randomized trial
Authors: Edwards Yeelen , Yang Nancy , Auerbach Andrew D. , Gonzales Ralph , McCulloch Charles E. , Howell Eric E. , Goldstein Jenna , Thompson Sara , Kaiser Sunitha V. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAsthma, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis are the top causes of childhood hospitalization in the United States, leading to over 350,000 hospitalizations and ≈$2 billion in costs annually. The majority of these hospitalizations occur in general/community hospitals. Poor guideline adoption by clinicians contributes to poor health outcomes for children hospitalized with these illnesses, including longer recovery time/hospital stay, higher rates of intensive care unit transfer, and increased risk of hospital readmission. A prior single‐center study at a children's hospital tested a multicondition clinical pathway intervention (simultaneous implementation of multiple pathways for multiple pediatric conditions) and demonstrated improved clinician guideline adherence and patient health outcomes. This intervention has not yet been studied in community hospitals, which face unique implementation barriers.ObjectiveTo study the implementation and effectiveness of a multicondition pathway intervention for children hospitalized with asthma, pneumonia, or bronchiolitis in community hospitals.MethodsWe will conduct a pragmatic, hybrid effectiveness‐implementation, cluster‐randomized trial in community hospitals around the United States (1:1 randomization to intervention vs. wait‐list control). Our primary outcome will be the adoption of two to three evidence‐based practices for each condition over a sustained period of 2 years. Secondary outcomes include hospital length of stay, ICU transfer, and readmission.DiscussionThis hybrid trial will lead to a comprehensive understanding of how to pragmatically and sustainably implement a multicondition pathway intervention in community hospitals and an assessment of its effects. Enrollment began in July 2022 and is projected to be completed in September 2024. Primary analysis completion is anticipated in March 2025, with reporting of results following.
Computer‐Aided Classification of Breast Lesions Based on US RF Time Series Using a Novel Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Arab Mahsa , Fallah Ali , Rashidi Saeid , Dastjerdi Maryam Mehdizadeh , Ahmadinejad Nasrin 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesOne of the most promising adjuncts for screening breast cancer is ultrasound (US) radio‐frequency (RF) time series. It has the superiority of not requiring any supplementary equipment over other methods. This research aimed to propound a machine learning (ML) approach for automatically classifying benign, probably benign, suspicious, and malignant breast lesions based on the features extracted from the accumulated US RF time series.MethodsIn this article, 220 data of the aforementioned categories, recorded from 118 patients, were analyzed. The dataset, named RFTSBU, was registered by a SuperSonic Imagine Aixplorer medical/research system equipped with a linear transducer. The regions of interest (ROIs) of the B‐mode images were manually selected by an expert radiologist before computing the suggested features. Regarding time, frequency, and time‐frequency domains, 291 various features were extracted from each ROI. Finally, the features were classified by a pioneering technique named the reference classification method (RCM). Furthermore, the Lee filter was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing speckle noise on the outcomes.ResultsThe accuracy of two‐class, three‐class, and four‐class classifications were respectively calculated 98.59 ± 0.71%, 98.13 ± 0.69%, and 96.10 ± 0.66% (considering 10 repetitions) while support vector machine (SVM) and K‐nearest neighbor (KNN) classifiers with 5‐fold cross‐validation were utilized.ConclusionsThis article represented the proposed approach, named CCRFML, to distinguish between breast lesions based on registered in vivo RF time series employing an ML framework. The proposed method's impressive level of classification accuracy attests to its capability of effectively assisting medical professionals in the noninvasive differentiation of breast lesions.
Successful treatment of recalcitrant follicular lichen planus (lichen planopilaris) with the topical JAK 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib
Authors: Fetter Tanja , Wilsmann‐Theis Dagmar , de Vos‐Hillebrand Luka , Novak Natalija , Wenzel Joerg 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe report the successful treatment of a patient with refractory follicular lichen planus (LP) with topical ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, which resulted in significant improvement of lesional skin within 1 month of daily use.
Dupilumab‐related ocular surface disorders in a paediatric cohort with atopic dermatitis, treated in a tertiary paediatric hospital in London
Authors: Rampersad Anjali , Gholam Karolina , Solman Lea , Cartledge Natalia , Gore Sri , Petrof Gabriela 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDupilumab is the first human monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of moderate–severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in children from 6 years of age. Real‐world studies reviewing dupilumab‐related ocular surface disorders (DROSD) in the paediatric population are needed to detail ophthalmological findings.ObjectivesThis cross‐sectional observational study aimed to review the incidence, features, and ophthalmological findings of DROSD in a real‐world paediatric cohort, treated with dupilumab for AD.MethodsPharmacy and electronic medical records were used to identify all patients prescribed dupilumab for AD from April 2019 to July 2022. Data, including demographics, ocular signs and symptoms, severity and treatments, were collected and analysed.ResultsWe identified 46 patients, with a median age of treatment initiation of 12 years (range 9–14 years). Twelve patients (26.1%) developed DROSD. Mean time to development of DROSD was 4.1 months (±2.4 months, 95% confidence interval). Two patients (16.7%) with DROSD had severe eye findings including peripheral corneal opacification, one of which had reported only asymptomatic red eyes. Ocular signs included 91.7% (11/12) bulbar conjunctival injection, 41.7% (5/12) follicle involvement (limbal or forniceal), 25% (3/12) diffuse tarsal‐conjunctival thickening, 16.7% (2/12) featureless thickening, 16.7% (2/12) peripheral corneal opacification, 8.3% (1/12) cicatrisation and 8.3% (1/12) periorbital skin changes. No patients ceased treatment due to DROSD.ConclusionsThis study had a higher incidence of DROSD, compared to other real‐world paediatric studies but had a similar incidence to real‐world adult studies. Patient‐reported eye symptoms did not always correlate to severity of DROSD. Larger paediatric studies looking at the incidence and long‐term outcome of DROSD are needed.
fNIRS Changes in the Middle Temporal and Occipital Cortices After a Cochlear Implant
Authors: Huang Wanyi , Huang Bixue , Sun Jincangjian , Sun Qiyang , Liang Yue , Chen Huiting , Wang Xianren , Xiong Guanxia 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesThe relationship between the middle temporal (MTG) and occipital cortices in post‐lingually deaf (PLD) individuals is unclear. This study aimed to investigate changes in the MTG and occipital cortices excitability and their effects on the occipital cortex in individuals with PLD after receiving a cochlear implant (CI).MethodsTwenty‐six individuals with severe‐to‐profound binaural sensorineural PLD were assessed clinically. Nine individuals had received a unilateral cochlear implant over 6 months, while 17 had not. Brodmann area 19 (BA19, extra‐striate occipital cortex) and MTG (auditory‐related area of cortex) were selected as regions of interest. The excitability of the ROI was observed and compared in the surgery and no‐surgery groups by functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in the resting state, and correlations between connectivity of the MTG and occipital cortex, and as well as the duration of time that had elapsed following CI surgery, were investigated.ResultsfNIRS revealed enhanced global cortical connectivity in the BA19 and MTG on the operative side (p < 0.05) and the connectivity between BA19 and the MTG also increased (p < 0.05). The connectivity between the MTG and BA19 was positively correlated with the duration of cochlear implantation, as was the case for BA18.ConclusionThere was evidence for remodeling of the cerebral cortex: increased excitability was observed in the MTG and BA19, and their connectivity was enhanced, indicating a synergistic effect. Moreover, the MTG may further stimulate the visual cortex by strengthening their connectivity after CI.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Postoperative Analgesic Regimens and Their Satisfaction Rates—Data from the Swedish Quality Register for Tonsil Surgery
Authors: Alm Fredrik , Odhagen Erik , Sunnergren Ola , Nerfeldt Pia 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo describe postoperative analgesic regimens and patient‐reported pain‐related outcomes after tonsil surgery.MethodsCohort study including perioperative data (n = 9274) and patient‐reported outcome measures (n = 5080) registered in the Swedish Quality Register for Tonsil Surgery during 2023.ResultsAfter tonsil surgery, 92.7% received at least paracetamol and a NSAID/COX inhibitor, while 6.8% received no NSAID/COX inhibitor. Opioids were prescribed after tonsillectomy to 62.9% of adults and less often to adolescents and children (13–17‐year‐olds: 48.2%, 6–12‐year‐olds: 8.8%, 0–5‐year‐olds: 4.0%). Clonidine was frequently prescribed to 0–5‐year‐olds after tonsillectomy (54.4%). Overall, 11.7% reported dissatisfaction with the pain treatment, with the highest dissatisfaction rate after tonsillectomy in adolescents (20.6%) and adults (20.0%), and the lowest after tonsillotomy in children (4.9–6.8%). The most common complaint among dissatisfied patients was analgesics not being sufficiently helpful. Adult patients who received addition of opioids were less dissatisfied with the pain treatment (15.9% vs. 25.9%, p < 0.001), but also reported more side effects (5.7% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.039), compared with patients who received only paracetamol and NSAID/COX inhibitors.ConclusionTonsil surgery patients in Sweden receive various analgesic regimens. Although most are satisfied with pain treatment, there is room for improvement, particularly among adolescents and adults undergoing tonsillectomy. Paracetamol and a NSAID/COX inhibitor seem advisable as basic treatment. However, many patients need more effective treatment. The addition of opioids in adults results in greater satisfaction with pain treatment, but safety issues with opioid prescriptions must be taken into consideration.Levels of EvidenceLevel 4 Laryngoscope, 2024
Influence of submerged arc welding process parameters and metallurgical behaviour in a thick carbon steel section for boiler application
Authors: Reddy V. M. , Hudgikar S. R. K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of the research is to investigate the weldability of thick sections of carbon steel using submerged arc welding with varying process parameters. The experimental design for joining thick carbon steel involves manipulating input weld process parameters such as current (A), voltage (V), weld speed (mm/h), and weld electrode diameter (mm). The quality of the weld material is assessed based on transformations in microstructure, weld hardness measured by Brinell hardness number, and tensile strength (MPa). It is crucial to note that the grain structure and metallurgical behavior of other hard materials may differ significantly. The presence of carbon in the ferrite phase has led to the formation of bainite, martensite, and composites of martensite and austenite within the weld zone, as confirmed by high‐resolution microscopy. The weldment‘s hardness has increased from 242.5 HV 30 in the base metal to 316.4 HV 30 in the weldment due to metallurgical alterations in the microstructure. Weld energy input emerges as the primary factor influencing weld quality. With increasing weld current and voltage, there is a corresponding increase in the joined metal, resulting in improved characteristics in the weld structure, particularly at maximal energy input and welding speed. In the context of boiler applications, understanding the weldability of thick carbon steel sections is paramount for ensuring structural integrity and longevity under high‐temperature and high‐pressure conditions. The optimized welding parameters identified in this study can contribute to enhancing the reliability and performance of boilers, thereby promoting safety and efficiency in industrial settings.
Effect of tungsten carbide and titanium dioxide particles on the properties of aluminium alloy 5052 hybrid composites
Authors: Dhas D. S. E. J. , Wins K. L. D. , Beatrice B. A. , Thomas D. S. , Correya S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAerospace and automotive industries, among others, utilize reinforced aluminium metal matrix composite materials extensively. Aluminium alloy 5052 matrix was reinforced with tungsten carbide and titanium dioxide particulate reinforcements by varying their weight fractions, to fabricate the hybrid composites. The melt‐stir casting route was used to process the materials, and their characteristics were determined by measuring Vickers microhardness, tensile strength and peak elongation. The cost‐effectiveness and productivity of the melt‐stir casting route led to its selection. Investigations were carried out to assess how reinforcement particles were mixed into the aluminium alloy matrix using scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive x‐ray analysis. The microstructure of aluminium alloy 5052 showed a distinct homogenous structural integrity. Adding tungsten carbide and titanium dioxide particles to aluminium alloy 5052 led to a 6.57 % rise in the Vickers microhardness value. The tensile strength of the hybrid composites made of aluminium, tungsten carbide, and titanium dioxide increased by as much as 8.7 %. The findings demonstrated that all of the hybrid composites failed due to particle fracture and ductile fracture in the case of the as‐cast aluminium alloy 5052.
Social Cognition in Parkinson's Disease after Focused Ultrasound Subthalamotomy: A Controlled Study
Authors: Guida Pasqualina , Martínez‐Fernández Raúl , Máñez‐Miró Jorge U. , del Álamo Marta , Foffani Guglielmo , Fernández‐Rodríguez Beatriz , Monje Mariana H.G. , Obeso Ignacio , Obeso José A. , Gasca‐Salas Carmen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSocial cognition (SC) encompasses a set of cognitive functions that enable individuals to understand and respond appropriately to social interactions. Although focused ultrasound subthalamotomy (FUS‐STN) effectively treats Parkinson's disease (PD) clinical motor features, its impact and safety on cognitive‐behavioral interactions/interpersonal awareness are unknown. This study investigated the effects of unilateral FUS‐STN on facial emotion recognition (FER) and affective and cognitive theory of mind (ToM) in PD patients from a randomized sham‐controlled trial (NCT03454425). Subjects performed SC evaluation before and 4 months after the procedure while still under blind assessment conditions. The SC assessment included the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces task for FER, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes (RME) test for affective ToM, and The Theory of Mind Picture Stories Task (ToM PST) (order, questions, and total score) for cognitive ToM. The active treatment group showed anecdotal‐to‐moderate evidence of no worsening in SC after FUS‐STN. Anecdotal evidence for an improvement was recognized in the SC score changes, from baseline to post‐treatment, for the active treatment group compared with sham for the RME, ToM PST order, ToM PST total, FER total, and recognition of fear, disgust, and anger. This study provides the first evidence that unilateral FUS‐STN does not impair social cognitive abilities, indicating that it can be considered a safe treatment approach for this domain in PD patients. Furthermore, the results suggest FUS‐STN may even lead to some improvement in social cognitive outcomes, which should be considered as a preliminary finding requiring further investigation with larger samples sizes. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Genetics healthcare providers' experiences counseling patients with results from consumer genomic testing
Authors: Trottier Magan , Green Dina , Ovadia Hannah , Catchings Amanda , Gruberg Julia , Groner Victoria , Fanjoy Catherine , Dandiker Sita , Blazer Kathleen , Hamilton Jada G. , Offit Kenneth 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundConsumer genomic testing (CGT), including direct‐to‐consumer and consumer‐initiated testing, is increasingly widespread yet has limited regulatory oversight. To assess the current state, we surveyed genetics healthcare providers' experiences with CGT.MethodsA retrospective survey about experiences counseling on CGT results was completed by 139 respondents recruited from the National Society of Genetic Counselors, Clinical Cancer Genomics Community of Practice, and genetics professional societies.ResultsAmong respondents, 41% disagreed with the statement that potential benefits of CGT outweigh harms, 21% agreed, and 38% were undecided. A total of 94% encountered ≥1 challenge counseling CGT patients, including adverse psychosocial events (76%), incorrect variant interpretation (68%), and unconfirmed results (69%); unconfirmed results were more common among oncology providers (p = 0.03). Providers reporting higher total challenge scores (p = 0.004) or more psychosocial or interpretation challenges (p ≤ 0.01) were more likely to indicate CGT harms outweigh benefits. Those with higher CGT clinical volume were more likely to indicate benefits outweigh harms (p = 0.003). Additional CGT challenges included patient understanding and communication of results, false negatives, incorrect testing/care, and financial costs; seven respondents (6%) documented positive outcomes.ConclusionProviders counseling CGT patients encounter psychosocial and medical challenges. Collaborations between regulators, CGT laboratories, providers, and consumers may help mitigate risks.