bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydroid Gonothyraea loveni found on the straightnose pipefish (Nerophis ophidion) in the Gulf of Gdańsk — symbiosis, parasitism or biofouling?
Authors: Dziubińska Anna , Sapota Mariusz 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Straightnose pipefish (Nerophis ophidion), covered with hydroid Gonothyraea loveni, were caught in August 2010 near Gdynia while fishing with fyke nets. The hydroid colonies were spaced around the fish, from the head to the anus. These colonies seemed to cause serious problems with the balance and swimming ability of the fish. It appears that there are no symbiotic or parasitic relationships between the hydroid and the fish. The fish was probably just another substrate for G. loveni and became colonized by fouling on the skin surface. It should also be taken into consideration that hydroid colonies can move from place to place with their fish host. It is possible that the hydroid benefits from the fish active search for planktonic food.
A review of the diatom research in the Gulf of Gdańsk and Vistula Lagoon (southern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Witak Małgorzata 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The paper presents the history of diatom studies carried out in the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Vistula Lagoon since the beginning of the 20th century. One aspect of the research focuses on describing the structure of planktonic and benthic communities living in different parts of the area or occurring in their surface sediments as taphocoenoses. Other investigations concentrate on the fossil diatom flora, which is widely used in the research on the Late Glacial and Holocene to resolve paleogeographic, sedimentological and paleoecological problems.
Adult learning, education, and the labour market in	the employability regime
Authors: Nilsson Staffan , Nyström Sofia 
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this paper is to draw on the research and scholarly literature to explore	the changing discourses and perspectives concerning adult learning, education, and the	labour market in the employability regime. The focus of the nalysis is a Nordic context.	The dominant employability regime maintains a technical-rational perspective on	learning and employability. Education is predominantly regarded as an instrumental	preparation for the labour market. The future demands of the labour market are largely	unknown, however, and vocational and professional training may not provide sufficient	preparation for the increasing complexities of work. Theoretical discussions have been	dominated by an alleged mismatch between individual competence and the	qualifications that are required in the world of work. There is no consensus regarding	how the gap should be described, explained, or bridged. New demands on educational	design have emerged, and ideas related to liberal education and 'bildung' have been	reinserted into the political agenda, offering general preparation for a wider array of	challenges.
Beyond the current political economy of competence	development
Authors: Salling Olesen Henning 
Published: October 2013

Competence is a concept imported into the adult and continuing education arena from	the psychological terminology of human resource development in work organizations. It	has been elevated to a societal and political level as part of a new discursive regime.	This article points out the significance of the particular circumstances in which the	competence discourse has emerged, and argues for its critical investigation within a	Marxist framework. A new discourse of learning and competence reflects a new	material dependency of capital(ism) on the concrete quality of work and workers,	requiring a total program of learning for work. This opens a new arena of political	struggle over the direction of learning processes and the participation of workers in	work and society. The socio-economic realities and new understanding of the	interrelationship between knowledge, skills, learning and practice central to the	competence concept, raises a potential issue about the role of work and the living	worker in a capitalist economy. This requires a re-development of the notion of	economy based in the value and interest of working people, and enabled by the full	development of the competences of the workers themselves. A notion of the "political	economy of working people" is proposed as a framework for investigating the	potentials of competence development for enhanced democracy.
Isolation, via 454 sequencing, and characterization of microsatellites for Vachellia farnesiana (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae)
Authors: Bell Karen L. , Murphy Daniel J. , Gardner Michael G. 
Published: October 2013

• Premise of the study: We isolated 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers from Vachellia farnesiana for use in population genetic studies to determine the native range of the species.• Methods and Results: Initially, 454 shotgun sequencing was used to identify and design primers for 68 microsatellite loci. Of these, we trialed 47 loci in the target species, and 42 (89%) amplified a product of expected size. Fifteen of the 47 loci were screened for variation in 21 individuals from the native range of V. farnesiana in southern Mexico and 20 from northwestern Australia. Fourteen loci were polymorphic, with observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.026 to 1.00 (mean = 0.515) and two to 12 alleles per locus (average = 5.2). Cross‐amplification was successful in four to 11 loci in three other Vachellia species.• Conclusions: The new microsatellite loci will be useful in understanding genetic variation and investigating the role of human‐mediated dispersal in the current distribution of V. farnesiana.
Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Arthritis: Discrepancies Between Tuberculin Skin Test and Interferon-γ Release Assay Results
Authors: Costantino Félicie , de Carvalho Bittencourt Marcelo , Rat Anne-Christine , Loeuille Damien , Dintinger Hervé , Béné Marie C. , Faure Gilbert , Chary-Valckenaere Isabelle 
Published: October 2013

Objective.Screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is mandatory before initiating biologics in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis (CIA). However, few studies have evaluated the discrepancies between the results of tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-γ release assays (IGRA) in these patients. The purpose of our study was to investigate factors associated with TST and IGRA results in a large cohort of patients with CIA before the introduction of biologics.Methods.A total of 563 consecutive patients with CIA (293 rheumatoid arthritis, 270 spondyloarthritis) and eligible for biologics were prospectively enrolled. Demographic, clinical, and biological data were recorded. Risk factors for LTBI were assessed. All patients underwent a TST, a chest radiograph, and an IGRA test (T-SPOT.TB).Results.Agreement between the 2 tests was low (κ = 0.16). The bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) status was significantly associated with discordance between the 2 tests (p = 0.004). The TST positivity rate was 34.8%. Factors associated with a negative TST were female sex (p = 0.02) and immunosuppressive treatment (p = 0.003). The only LTBI risk factor associated with TST positivity was an abnormal chest radiograph (p = 0.02). T-SPOT.TB was positive in 21.7% of patients and indeterminate in 15.6%. Previous active TB and chest radiograph abnormalities were associated with IGRA positivity (p = 0.008 and p = 3.9 × 10−5, respectively). The BCG vaccination was associated with negative IGRA (p = 3 × 10−4). Indeterminate IGRA results were associated with age, C-reactive protein, and immunosuppressive treatment (p = 0.005, 0.007, and 0.004, respectively).Conclusion.Our data support the combined use of T-SPOT.TB and TST in patients with CIA before biologics introduction. However, despite these good diagnostic values, indeterminate results may complicate the use of IGRA.
L'accueil de l'altérité et la dimension culturelle dans la pratique psychothérapeutique
Authors: Piret Bertrand 
Published: October 2013

L’approche psychanalytique dans les situations dites « interculturelles » nécessite de dépasser la double impasse du culturalisme et de l’universalisme. L’écoute, avec ou sans interprète, prend appui, comme dans le cas général, sur le repérage des signifiants singuliers, à distinguer des signifiants normatifs ou conventionnels de la culture ; et sur la manière dont le transfert va se mettre en place. L’utilisation d’éléments culturels est possible et ne signifie pas forcément le recours à la suggestion ou à l’influence.
Porter témoignage ou les vicissitudes de l'écoute
Authors: Laub Dori 
Published: October 2013

L’acte de témoignage d’un trauma psychique massif – l’Holocauste – est un événement en lui-même au-delà d’un simple retour sur le passé. C’est une création in novo dont la première conséquence implique une complète remise en perspective de l’Histoire. Ainsi, l’écoutant fait partie intégrante de cet acte. Dori Laub nous en écrit les différentes perspectives et les vicissitudes. Ce sont respectivement : l’accompagnement vers la sortie du secret, trouver un mot de passe commun pour sortir du « trou noir » du trauma et éviter son retour, mais aussi tous les dangers de contamination de l’écoute d’un trauma massif. Cet acte implique une véritable remise en perspective beaucoup plus générale, une « transvaluation » de nos valeurs individuelles et collectives.
SERVICE LIFE DETERMINATION OF NITRILE O-RINGS IN HYDRAULIC FLUID
Authors: Pazur R. J. , Cormier J. G. , Korhan-Taymaz K. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
The service life of nitrile O-rings exposed to hydraulic fluid was determined by accelerated aging at nine temperatures and four immersion times. Tensile mechanical properties (elongation and low strain modulus), volume swell, compression set, and chemical crosslink density by solvent swell were measured. Calculated activation energies based on Arrhenius rate behavior ranged from 52 to 65 kJmol−1, approximately 20–30 kJmol−1 lower than nitrile rubber heat aged in air environments. Using a 50% loss of elongation as a failure criterion, an estimate of 15 yr of service life at 23 °C was calculated. This corresponds to a compression set of 50% and an increase of approximately 30% of the chemical crosslink density. Replacement of the plasticizer with the mineral oil and its additives increased total inorganic levels in degraded O-rings as measured by thermogravimetric analysis. Besides additional sulfur and sodium, energy dispersive spectroscopy identified the presence of phosphorous, chlorine, and potassium. Hydraulic oil additives are likely responsible in facilitating the O-ring degradation through lower energy pathways that accelerate nitrile rubber hardening.
NATURAL RUBBER/CARBON BLACK NANOCOMPOSITES PREPARED BY ULTRASONICALLY AIDED EXTRUSION
Authors: Choi Jaesun , Isayev Avraam I. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTSignificant efforts have been made in rubber research to improve the dispersion of carbon black (CB) in rubbers to achieve better processibility and performance of tires and rubber products. In addressing these issues, the present study is an attempt to further improve the processibility and dispersion by means of application of ultrasonic waves. Natural rubber (NR)/CB nanocomposites at loadings from 15 to 60 phr were prepared by ultrasonically aided extrusion at ultrasonic amplitudes up to 7.5 μm. A die pressure significantly decreased with an increase of amplitude, especially at higher loadings, indicating an improvement in processibility. Ultrasonic power consumption was almost insensitive to loadings. The complex dynamic viscosity, storage, and loss moduli of compounds and vulcanizates at loadings of 15, 25, 35, and 60 phr were reduced by the ultrasonic treatment at an amplitude of 7.5 μm, indicating NR chain scission. Bound rubber in compounds decreased by the ultrasonic treatment. The maximum torque in curing curves, cross-link density, gel fraction, hardness, M100, M300, tensile strength, and abrasion resistance of vulcanizates at loadings of 15, 25, 35, and 60 phr decreased at an amplitude of 7.5 μm, due to the NR chain scission, whereas the elongation at break increased. Atomic force microscope (AFM) studies of vulcanizates showed a penetration of rubber chains into agglomerates at an amplitude of 7.5 μm, indicating an improvement of dispersion of CB. Based on AFM images, a dispersion index was introduced, showing that the ultrasonic treatment at an amplitude of 7.5 μm led to a better dispersion of CB in vulcanizates. Comparison of NR/CB compounds and vulcanizates with those of NR/carbon nanotube (CNT) of an earlier study was carried out. In general, the CB-containing NR showed significantly lower modulus and abrasion resistance but higher tensile strength and bound rubber than CNT-containing NR.
Fibrinolytic treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Huber K. , Halvorsen S. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryPrimary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the preferred reperfusion therapy in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), as long as it can be delivered within 90-120 minutes from patient’s first medical contact, and is the leading reperfusion strategy in most European countries. However, as PPCI cannot be offered in a timely manner to all patients, fibrinolytic therapy (FT) is the recommended choice in patients with an anticipated delay to PPCI of >90-120 minutes, presenting early after symptom onset and without contra-indications. FT should preferably be started in the pre-hospital setting. Following FT, all patients should be transferred to a PCI-center for rescue PCI or routine coronary angiography with PCI as indicated. Such a pharmaco-invasive strategy, combining FT with invasive treatment, has recently been shown to be non-inferior to PPCI in patients living in areas with long transfer delays to PCI (>60 minutes).In this overview, we will briefly present the evidence for the benefit of FT in STEMI, and discuss the role of FT in the current era of PPCI as well as the optimal treatment following pharmacologic reperfusion.
Stereoselective Hydrogenation ofCCBonds: Application to Drug and Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Andrushko Natalia , Andrushko Vasyl 
Published: October 2013

Asymmetric homogeneous hydrogenation is perhaps one of the most researched areas in homogeneous catalysis; thus, it is now used in numerous innovative applications in stereoselective syntheses of many chiral pharmaceutical and natural products. Metal complexes, derived from transition metals, like Rh, Ru, Ir, and so on, and chiral ligands (usually mono‐ or diphosphine ligands), are widely used as catalysts in asymmetric alkene hydrogenation as a result of their efficiency in the preparation of enantiopure compounds with excellent atom economy.This chapter provides many interesting examples of homogeneous enantio‐ and diastereoselective hydrogenation of CC bonds, highlighting the utility of these methods as useful synthetic tools for the construction of stereogenic centers in stereoselective drug and natural product syntheses.
Asymmetric Hydroamination and Reductive Amination in Total Synthesis
Authors: Ghorai Manas K. , Tiwari Deo Prakash , Bhattacharyya Aditya 
Published: October 2013

Asymmetric hydroamination (AHA) and asymmetric reductive amination (ARA) are one of the most popular strategies for enantioselective synthesis of chiral amines, which are very important from a synthetic and a biological point of view.The addition of the NH bond across an unsaturated CC bond is known as hydroamination. AHA is ideal for industrial processes as it is a 100% atom‐economic reaction and involves readily available substrates. For broadening its scope for a variety of substrates, many metal‐based as well as metal‐free catalytic systems have been developed for asymmetric hydroamination. Along with the synthesis of functionalized chiral amines, AHA has served as a key strategy in the synthesis of the core of various natural products like codeine, pseudodistomin, swainsonine and of drugs like pentazocine.Reductive amination is a widely used efficient synthetic protocol to install an amine group in place of a carbonyl group in an organic compound. The reaction proceeds through the formation of imine and subsequent one‐pot reduction of it to give the product amine. Use of a metal‐chiral ligand combination, chiral Brønsted acid or chiral organocatalyst, or chiral auxiliary in the reaction can give rise to chiral amine products that are often valuable synthetic intermediatesen routeto many drugs and natural products. Application of these protocols in the total synthesis of drugs and natural products will be discussed along with some experimental procedures.
Stereoselective Methods for Carbon–Phosphorus (CP) Bond Formation
Authors: Kalek Marcin , Stawinski Jacek 
Published: October 2013

A short review of selected chemical methods for the formation of the CP bond and relevant stereochemical aspects for the synthesis of natural products and their analogs containing carbonphosphorus bonds, is given.Apart from the standard methods, e.g., the Arbuzov, Michaelis‐Becker, Pudovik, Abramov, and Kabachnik‐Fields, their enantioselective versions and modern organo‐ and transition‐metal–catalyzed reactions are discussed in the context of CP bond formation.
CC Fragmentation: Origins and Recent Applications
Authors: Drahl Michael A. , Manpadi Madhuri , Williams Lawrence J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIt has been 60 years since Eschenmoser and Frey disclosed the archetypal CC fragmentation reaction. New fragmentations and several variants of the original quickly followed. Many of these variations, which include the Beckmann, Grob, Wharton, Marshall, and Eschenmoser–Tanabe fragmentations, have been reviewed over the intervening years. A close examination of the origins of fragmentation has not been described. Recently, useful new methods have flourished, particularly fragmentations that give alkynes and allenes, and such reactions have been applied to a range of complex motifs and natural products. This Review traces the origins of fragmentation reactions and provides a summary of the methods, applications, and new insights of heterolytic CC fragmentation reactions advanced over the last 20 years.
Small but Smart: Sensitive Microgel Capsules
Authors: Seiffert Sebastian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMicrogel capsules are micrometer‐sized particles that consist of a cross‐linked and swollen polymer network complexed with additives. These capsules can be actuated by external stimulation if they are formed from sensitive or supramolecular polymer networks. To make this truly useful, it is crucial to control the microgel size, shape, and loading; this can be achieved by droplet‐based microfluidic templating.
Amythiamicin D and Related Thiopeptides as Inhibitors of the Bacterial Elongation Factor EF‐Tu: Modification of the Amino Acid at Carbon Atom C2 of Ring C Dramatically Influences Activity
Authors: Gross Stefan , Nguyen Fabian , Bierschenk Matthias , Sohmen Daniel , Menzel Thomas , Antes Iris , Wilson Daniel N. , Bach Thorsten 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThree analogues of amythiamicin D, which differ in the substitution pattern at the methine group adjacent to C2 of the thiazole ring C, were prepared by de novo total synthesis. In amythiamicin D, this carbon atom is (S)‐isopropyl substituted. Two of the new analogues carry a hydroxymethyl in place of the isopropyl group, one at an S‐ (compound 3 a) and the other at an R‐configured stereogenic center (3 b). The third analogue, 3 c, contains a benzyloxymethyl group at an S‐configured stereogenic center. Compounds 3 b and 3 c showed no inhibitory effect toward various bacterial strains, nor did they influence the translation of firefly luciferase. In stark contrast, compound 3 a inhibited the growth of Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (strains NCTC and Mu50) and Listeria monocytogenes EGD. In the firefly luciferase assay it proved more potent than amythiamicin D, and rescue experiments provided evidence that translation inhibition is due to binding to the bacterial elongation factor Tu (EF‐Tu). The results were rationalized by structural investigations and by molecular dynamics simulations of the free compounds in solution and bound to the EF‐Tu binding site. The low affinity of compound 3 b was attributed to the absence of a critical hydrogen bond, which stabilizes the conformation required for binding to EF‐Tu. Compound 3 c was shown not to comply with the binding properties of the binding site.
Modified hydrotalcites as a new emerging class of smart additive of reinforced concrete for anticorrosion applications: A literature review
Authors: Yang Z. , Fischer H. , Polder R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractModified hydrotalcites (MTHs) represent a group of technologically promising materials for addition to concrete to improve its durability in aggressive environment, owing to their low cost, relative simplicity of preparation, and plenty of unique composition variables that may be adopted. Up to date, a lot of academic work and commercial interest on MHTs have been invested, but relatively few studies focus on cementitious materials, particularly in exploiting their potential applications in corrosion protection of reinforced concrete structures. In this article, the mechanism of corrosion in reinforced concrete and concrete properties that affect corrosion of reinforcement are briefly introduced. In addition, the existing knowledge with regard to synthesis and characterisation methods of MHTs, ion exchange within the MHT structure as well as the application of MHTs in the cementitious materials were reviewed accordingly. As a new emerging class of smart additive of reinforced concrete, MHTs are expected to contribute to the effort of searching for effective measures to improve the durability of reinforced concrete.
A new scenario framework for Climate Change Research: scenario matrix architecture
Authors: van Vuuren Detlef P. , Kriegler Elmar , O’Neill Brian C. , Ebi Kristie L. , Riahi Keywan , Carter Timothy R. , Edmonds Jae , Hallegatte Stephane , Kram Tom , Mathur Ritu , Winkler Harald 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This paper describes the scenario matrix architecture that underlies a framework for developing new scenarios for climate change research. The matrix architecture facilitates addressing key questions related to current climate research and policy-making: identifying the effectiveness of different adaptation and mitigation strategies (in terms of their costs, risks and other consequences) and the possible trade-offs and synergies. The two main axes of the matrix are: 1) the level of radiative forcing of the climate system (as characterised by the representative concentration pathways) and 2) a set of alternative plausible trajectories of future global development (described as shared socio-economic pathways). The matrix can be used to guide scenario development at different scales. It can also be used as a heuristic tool for classifying new and existing scenarios for assessment. Key elements of the architecture, in particular the shared socio-economic pathways and shared policy assumptions (devices for incorporating explicit mitigation and adaptation policies), are elaborated in other papers in this special issue.
How allosteric control of
Staphylococcus aureus
penicillin binding protein 2a enables methicillin resistance and physiological function
Authors: Otero Lisandro H. , Rojas-Altuve Alzoray , Llarrull Leticia I. , Carrasco-López Cesar , Kumarasiri Malika , Lastochkin Elena , Fishovitz Jennifer , Dawley Matthew , Hesek Dusan , Lee Mijoon , Johnson Jarrod W. , Fisher Jed F. , Chang Mayland , Mobashery Shahriar , Hermoso Juan A. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Penicillin binding protein 2a imparts to the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Our structural characterization of the allosteric basis governing its resistance mechanism identifies a basis for the design of new antibacterials that can both activate and inhibit this key resistance enzyme.