bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Umgebungsvermessung anhand von 3D Geometrie mit HDR Farbe und Wärmebilddaten
Authors: Fröhlich Christoph , Mettenleiter Markus , Held Christoph , Blersch Daniel , Kurz Sven 
Published: August 2015

Zusammenfassung
Der Markt von Sensoren zur 3D Vermessung wächst. Präzise Geometrieerfassung ist Grundlage, komplementäre Informationen gewinnen an
Bedeutung. Zur Minimierung von Stillständen am Messobjekt muss die Sensorik viele Primärinformationen erfassen. Die an der TU München
(LSR) entwickelte Laserkamera erzeugte räumliche Tiefen- und Reflektivitätsbilder. Detailliertere Informationen benötigen jedoch weitere
physikalische Messgrößen. Z+F entwickelt Messtechnologie und registriert außerdem HDR- und Wärmebilddaten präzise zu den 3D
Daten. Die Geometrie wird Träger komplementärer Informationsebenen.
Application of a compliant foil bearing for the thrust force estimation in the single stage radial blower
Authors: Łagodzinski Jakub , Miazga Kacper , Musiał Izabela 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe paper presents the application of a compliant foil bearing for estimation of the thrust force in a single stage radial blower under operational conditions. The bump foil of the thrust bearing behaves as a nonlinear spring. The knowledge of the spring deflection curve allows estimation of the actual thrust force for a measured bump deflection at the given rotational speed. To acquire the deflection curve, static calibration of the axial shaft displacement sensor was performed. During the calibration, the information about voltage signals of the sensor for the given loading force was collected. The measured voltage values at different speeds and loadswere then converted into the thrust force. The results were verified by comparison to the thrust force resulting from the pressure distribution on the impeller.
Core beliefs in the service leadership model proposed by the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Lin Li 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe service leadership model and related curriculum were developed by the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management. To nurture service leadership qualities in university students, a 2-credit service leadership subject was developed at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. This paper presents the core beliefs and key components of the service leadership model and outlines the content of one of the lectures in the subject. The lecture attempts to help students recognize the importance of leadership competencies, moral character and caring disposition in successful leadership, and to explore ways to develop service leadership qualities. In addition to the lecture, class activities are adopted, including group discussion, role play, self-reflection, and drawing.
Global Needs for Jet-Engine-Steered (JES) Strike Drones vs. Lack of Updated Textbooks to Design 6th Generation UCLASS Due to UCAV Failure
Authors: Gal-Or Benjamin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGlobal fight against terror, and the rapidly changing geopolitical situations, raise hot debates on urgently needed new designs and operational modes of efficient, low-cost, Jet-Engine-Steered (JES) strike drones, and about the expected roles of future UCLASS (Unmanned, Carrier-Launched, Surveillance & Strike), while current UCAV (Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles) have failed to perform the needed strike missions. The role of the jet-engine community in this rapidly unfolding geopolitical situation is reviewed in the main text and in the Appendix.
Numerical Investigation of Strain Rate Effect for CRS Consolidation of Normally Consolidated Soil
Authors: Pu Hefu , Fox Patrick J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Constant rate of strain (CRS) consolidation tests are commonly used to measure consolidation properties of fine-grained soils. A series of numerical simulations was conducted using the CCRS1 model to investigate the effect of applied strain rate on accuracy of data analysis methods given by ASTM D4186/D4186M-12e1. The simulations consider six normally consolidated soils, each with rate-independent constitutive relationships, constant coefficient of consolidation, and constant coefficient of compressibility or compression index. Results indicate that high values of applied strain rate can introduce significant error for calculated consolidation properties (compressibility, hydraulic conductivity, coefficient of consolidation) using both linear and nonlinear analysis methods. Results also indicate that the normalized strain rate β governs CRS consolidation behavior and that CRS tests generally should be conducted with β ≤ 0.1. Finally, correction factors are proposed for calculated values of coefficient of consolidation from CRS tests on normally consolidated soils.
Effect of Hypothermia on Breath-Alcohol Analysis
Authors: Fox GR , Hayward JS 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Mild hypothermia, induced by experimental immersion of ten subjects in cold water, distorted the decay curve of breath ethanol of intoxicated subjects by as much as 22% while not altering overall ethanol clearance rate. The results provide in vivo verification of the in vitro temperature correction factor of 6.8% · °C−1, and support previous recommendations that temperature monitoring be included in procedures for breath-ethanol testing. We recommend that mouth temperature be obtained before breath sampling to screen for abnormal body temperature and to allow for potential use of a temperature correction factor. This modification to existing analytical procedures would help to optimize the reliability of breath-ethanol analysis in predicting blood-ethanol concentration.
Comparison of Laser and Ultraviolet Techniques Used in the Detection of Body Secretions
Authors: Auvdel MJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Evaluation of the detection capabilities of both laser and ultraviolet light sources was performed. The Spectra-Physics Model 171-19 argon ion laser was used in a comparison with the hand held Mineralight® multiband ultraviolet lamp, Model UVSL-58 and the Fotodyne Foto UV 410. Model 3-4100. Both techniques were evaluated as to their detection limits for various biological stains. A serial dilution was made from semen, saliva, and sweat samples and their corresponding stains were examined under laser and ultraviolet light sources. The techniques were also evaluated as to possible interferences which may arise based on the type of fabric the stains were made on. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique in relationship to their initial costs are discussed.
A Fiber Data Collection for Forensic Scientists—Collection and Examination Methods
Authors: Laing DK , Hartshorne AW , Cook R , Robinson G 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Methods used in U.K. forensic science laboratories to establish a large fiber data base are described including details of the recording of fiber sources, types, and colors. Such a data base provides a firm foundation for the assessment of the significance of fiber matches encountered in casework.
Quality Control for Amino Acid Visualization Reagents
Authors: Nielson JP 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A method is described that quantitatively evaluates development conditions and reactivity of amino acid visualization reagents. Ninhydrin was the primary reagent used in this study. The method consists of spotting a serial dilution of amino acids in a numbered grid on paper. Examples of the variability of development as a result of atmospheric conditions are illustrated.
Rhabdomyolysis Following Violent Behavior and Coma
Authors: Reddy SK , Kornblum RN 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An individual suspected of being under the influence of phencyclidine (PCP) exhibited acute psychotic and violent behavior which was followed by cardiac arrest, coma, and renal failure. Sections of the damaged muscle showed rhabdomyolysis, and sections of the kidneys showed myoglonin casts positive for immunoperoxidase stain. Extensive toxicology studies for narcotics, PCP, and cocaine were negative. Therefore, a correlation between PCP and rhabdomyolysis associated with acute psychotic and violent behavior could not be made with certainty.
The etiology and pathogenesis of rhabdomyolysis are discussed in depth.
On the Relative Aging of Ink—The Solvent Extraction Technique
Authors: Cantu AA , Prough RS 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The relative aging of ink is the comparison of inks of the same formula and on the same paper to ascertain the order in which they were written. The solvent extraction technique determines how efficiently an ink is extracted into a solvent. This efficiency involves both the rate and extent of extraction and is dependent on the time the ink was placed on the document. Two procedures are presented for obtaining the extraction rates: the R ratio and the Lth extraction time procedure. The third procedure presented, and sequential solvent extraction procedure, measures the extent of extraction as percent extraction. This procedure can be extended to provide extraction rates. Two methods are presented for obtaining either the extent or rate of extraction: a thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method and a spectrophotometric method. A suggestion is made to obtain the extent of extraction using a modified TLC method.
Histochemical Demonstration of Phenobarbital by Immunocytochemistry
Authors: Ishiyama I , Mukaida M , Tanabe R , Kaiho M , Ueyama M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A method for the demonstration of the topographical distribution of phenobarbital at the cellular level in various tissues was established. Mice that had been exposed to various doses of phenobarbital by intraperitoneal injection were killed, and their tissues were fixed with 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) containing paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Thereafter, paraffin and frozen sections were made and stained by the indirect immunoperoxidase method using antisera obtained from commercial sources and used for the immunochemical assay of the blood level of phenobarbital in clinical medicine. A specific positive reaction was observed solely in testing the intoxicated tissues, and this reaction was inhibited when phenobarbital was added to the antisera. The minimal sensitivity of the positive reaction, which can be discerned by observing the stained slides macroscopically, was in the range of 10 mg/kg. Thus, the diagnosis of phenobarbital intoxication in the forensic autopsy can be made by immunohistochemistry. A positive reaction was found in various tissue cells, including nerve cells, myelin sheaths, glia cells, hepatocytes, cells of the alveolar and bronchial wall, epithelial cells of the distal part of the renal tubules, and so forth. Endothelial cells of the capillaries in all tissues gave a strong positive reaction. The immunocytochemical electron microscopy of the hepatocytes revealed that the positive reaction in the cytoplasm was located solely in the intraluminal space of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. These results indicate some interesting aspects of the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in vivo. It is expected that the antisera, which are used widely for the assay of the blood concentration of various drugs (phenobarbital, amphetamines, morphine, and so forth), may be regarded as excellent reagents for immunocytochemistry. This clearly indicates that morphological evidence in toxicology, which had so far remained obscure, can be easily obtained by applying these antisera against various drugs.
Secondary Transfer of Human Scalp Hair
Authors: Gaudette BD , Tessarolo AA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Secondary transfer of hair occurs when a person transfers hair that is not his or her own to an object, place, or other person. Since it is possible that the perpetrator of a crime may have transferred hairs picked up from previous associations, secondary transfer can affect the value of associative hair comparison evidence. Nine experiments were conducted as a preliminary attempt to obtain information on hair transfer mechanisms and the role of some of the variables involved, as well as to get a preliminary indication of the extent and importance of secondary hair transfer. Indirect hair transfer mechanisms were found to be much more common than direct transfer mechanisms. This study further showed that secondary transfer of human scalp hair can and does exist in casework situations. However, the extent of secondary transfer was found to be extremely variable. Some factors that can affect the likelihood of secondary transfer in a given situation are discussed. The persistence of human scalp hairs on clothing was found to be quite similar to the persistence of extraneous fibers on clothing.
Estimating Age at Death from Immature Human Skeletons: An Overview
Authors: Ubelaker DH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Literature on the estimation of age at death of immature human skeletons is critically reviewed. Those estimating age at death for forensic science purposes should consider all available data, but especially rely upon the most appropriate and accurate methods. Estimates should reflect the possible error resulting from the sex differences and population variability known to be associated with the growth process.
Abuse of Smoking Methamphetamine Mixed with Tobacco: I. Inhalation Efficiency and Pyrolysis Products of Methamphetamine
Authors: Sekine H , Nakahara Y 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Experiments of smoking methamphetamine in tobacco have been investigated. Inhalation efficiencies of methamphetamine into tar were 6 to 17% according to the additive amounts, suction volume, and intervals of smoking. Major pyrolysis products of methamphetamine in tar were identified as methamphetamine, amphetamine, phenylacetone, dimethylamphetamine, N-formyl-, N-acetyl-, N-propionyl-, and N-cyanomethyl-methamphetamine by the spectral analysis of infrared spectra (IR), mass spectra (MS), and proton magnetic resonance spectra (PMR), and comparison with the samples synthesized from authentic samples by one step. The largest pyrolysis product was N-cyanomethylmethamphetamine which is a new compound and easily metabolized to methamphetamine in the body. Methamphetamine itself transferred into tar was not so large, but the total active compounds in tar which would be metabolized to methamphetamine in the body were considerably larger.
Cranial Fracture Patterns and Estimate of Direction from Low Velocity Gunshot Wounds
Authors: Smith O'BC , Berryman HE , Lahren CH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Cranial trauma produced by low velocity gunshot wounds is investigated in an autopsy series. In skeletonized remains with postmortem damage, or after surgical debridement, the primary internal or external beveling may become obscured, causing difficulty with the identification of entrance and exit wounds. The morphology of associated secondary and tertiary fractures based upon the mechanics of their production is discussed as a means of establishing bullet entrance and exit sites.
Histologic Detection of Fat Emboli
Authors: Davison PR , Cohle SD 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We describe a procedure for detection of fat emboli in formalin fixed tissue using osmium tetroxide postfixation. Intravascular fat in tissue postfixed in osmium tetroxide, embedded in epoxy or paraffin, and stained with toluidine blue, hematoxylin, or Oil Red O is more easily visualized than in frozen tissue that is stained with Oil Red O. With these methods, fat emboli may be detected years after the initial autopsy.
Myocardial Infarction in Pregnancy
Authors: Sperry KL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Myocardial infarction occurring during pregnancy or the puerperium is a rare condition, occurring in about 1 per 10 000 deliveries, and carries a mortality of approximately 30%. As a consequence of its rarity, symptoms of impending infarction may be easily mistaken by physicians for much more common and innocuous conditions, especially those (such as gastroesophageal reflux) typically associated with pregnancy. Two cases of infarction in pregnant women are presented, with a discussion of risk factors which may predispose towards development of coronary artery disease or thrombosis in this population. Other, more uncommon, causes of myocardial infarction during pregnancy are also addressed.
A Review of Forensic Osteology, Advances in the Identification of Human Remains
Authors: Brooks ST 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Reviewing the papers presented in this volume from the keyword in the book title, “Advances,” the contributions range from excellent to a repetition of data published elsewhere. This compilation of articles contains some papers with new material, or variations and ramifications of previously described methods of identification. Alternately, there are a few articles that are only reviews of the literature or overviews of well-known techniques. In the Introduction, Reichs divides the 16 chapters into 3 stages with some subdivision: Stage I: Field Recovery; Stage II: Laboratory Analysis, Osteological Aspects—Age, Sex, Race; Stage III: Laboratory Analysis, Forensic Aspects—Time and Manner of Death, Individuation. Then she considers the contributions made through the data analyses or presentation by the authors, with a brief review of the relevant literature.
Electrophoresis Reliability: I. The Contaminant Issue
Authors: Budowle B , Allen RC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The effects of the common contaminants—soil, oil, gasoline, salt, acid, base, bleach, and detergent—on various forensically used genetic marker systems were studied. The predicted effects of the various contaminants on the proteins and the electrophoretic separations agreed with the observed results. A contaminant that affected protein conformation also adversely affected the integrity of the electrophoretic system, thus signalling an anomaly. It also was pointed out that the ideal control study for the effects of contaminants on genetic markers in evidentiary material is often provided to forensic scientists—that is victim's blood on victim's clothing and other substrata. The data presented in this paper support the validity and reliability of electrophoretic analyses of evidentiary material with respect to the contaminant issue.
Reagents for Chemical Development of Latent Fingerprints: Vicinal Triketones—Their Reaction with Amino Acids and with Latent Fingerprints on Paper
Authors: Almog J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Eleven vicinal triketones and one vicinal tetraketone were reacted with amino acids in solution and with latent fingerprints on paper. All cyclic triketones gave colored products with amino acids in solution and developed latent fingerprints on paper. The products' colors varied depending on the structure of the triketone. The potential of these compounds as fingerprint developers is discussed.
Psychosocial Aspects of Selecting Animal Species for Physical Abuse
Authors: Felthous AR , Kellert SR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Identification of psychosocial factors in selecting animals for abuse is relevant to mankind's relationship to the world of animals and to the psychology of human aggression. A major study of animal abuse involving 152 male subjects resulted in the identification of 23 subjects who have histories of substantial animal abuse. In attempting to identify psychosocial factors that may affect recurrent abusers' choices of animals to mistreat, findings are presented under four thematic questions: (1) Are animals selected for abuse because they are perceived to be dangerous? (2) Is there a relationship between method of abuse and type of animal selected for cruelty? (3) Are some types of animals more likely than others to evoke predisposing attitudes and abusive behaviors? (4) What kind of relationships do abusers have with the animals they choose to mistreat?
Deaths Caused by Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in an Open Environment (Outdoors)
Authors: DiMaio VJM , Dana SE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Three deaths as a result of inhalation of carbon monoxide from the exhaust fumes of automobiles are reported. All deaths occurred outside and not in a structure. The individuals were white males, ages 24 to 26 years. Blood carboxyhemoglobin concentrations ranged from 58 (in a decomposing body) to 81%. The three cases illustrate the fact that even in the outdoors death from carbon monoxide inhalation can occur if an individual is in close proximity to a rich source of carbon monoxide.
A Review of Lindow Man: The Body in the Bog
Authors: Hinkes MJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The saga of Lindow Man begins like a story on the evening news: in 1983, two employees of a peat company working at Lindow Moss, Cheshire, England, unearthed a female skull with adherent tissue and hair. A local man then confessed to murdering his wife in 1960 and burying her dismembered body in the garden of their cottage, a spot not 300 m from where the skull was found. No other body parts were recovered. Though the skull proved to be nearly 2000 years old, the man was nonetheless convicted of his wife's murder, on the basis of other evidence.
Simple, Rapid, and Unique Hand Techniques for Cross-Sectioning Fibers and Hair
Authors: Fong W , Henry Inami S 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Three methods for hand cross-sectioning of textile fibers are described. The first is intended for usage with single fibers and involves “heat shrinking” a plastic capillary onto a previously inserted fiber. The second is intended for usage when the fibers are present in abundance. It involves repeatedly pulling the fiber bundle through melted wax to build up an embedding medium of sufficient thickness. The third is intended for usage with either a single or multiple fibers in special situations and involves laminating the fibers in thin sheets of cellulose nitrate. All three are designed for cross-sectioning by hand while observing through a low-power stereoscopic microscope. Quality cross sections are produced. The methods are simple, and two of the three are exceptionally rapid. All are equally applicable to the cross-sectioning of hair.
The Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA) and Its Effects on Latent Prints on Paper
Authors: Moore DS 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
For almost a decade, document examiners have used the electrostatic detection apparatus (ESDA) to detect and visualize indentations on paper. Many of the same papers that undergo the ESDA process, however, may also be capable of yielding latent print evidence of vital importance to the successful prosecution of a case. Both the questioned document examiner and the latent print analyst, therefore, have a valid interest in the protection of paper evidence. It is common knowledge that treating a paper document with ninhydrin for latent prints can effectively destroy any indentations. This study was initiated to determine whether the ESDA process resulted in any corresponding detrimental effects to latent prints on paper documents. Four different variables were manipulated and evaluated during the testing process. The results, which seem to contradict earlier published data, are discussed as well as what steps may be necessary to best protect both latent print and indentation evidence.