bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APROVEITAMENTO DO GERMOPLASMA DE Cryptomeria japonica DA ESTAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL DE RIO NEGRO, PR, VISANDO A PRODUÇÃO DE SEMENTES
Authors: Dobner Júnior Mário , Vagaes Thais Cristina , Higa Antonio Rioyei 
Published: August 2014

Cryptomeria japonica é originária da região temperada do Japão, onde é amplamente plantada em função da alta durabilidade e trabalhabilidade da madeira. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de procedências japonesas de C. japonica, implantadas em 1980 na Estação Experimental da Universidade Federal do Paraná, município de Rio Negro, Paraná. Realizou-se levantamento dendrométrico em setembro de 2011, o qual serviu de base para as análises estatísticas e genéticas. A produtividade observada aos 31 anos variou de 9,3 m³.ha-1.ano-1 na testemunha (Camanducaia), até 22,2 m³.ha-1.ano-1 na procedência Miyagi. A partir dos resultados, foram propostas estratégias de melhoramento genético para a criação de uma Área de Produção de Sementes (APS) e um Pomar Clonal de Sementes (PCS), bem como a seleção de indivíduos superiores para reprodução assexuada. Para tal, considerou-se uma intensidade de seleção que mantivesse ao máximo a variabilidade genética entre procedências, mas explorasse a variação dentro de cada procedência. As sementes produzidas terão um ganho no crescimento diamétrico estimado em 9,2% para a APS (curto prazo) e de 14% para o PCS (médio prazo). AbstractA proposal for the existing germplasm of Cryptomeria japonica (L.F.) Don. at the Experimental Station of Rio Negro, PR, aiming at the production of genetic improved seeds. Cryptomeria japonica is indigenous to the temperate region of Japan where it is widely planted, due to its wood quality, high durability and workability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Japanese provenances of C. japonica, established in 1980 at Experimental Station of Parana Federal University, municipality of Rio Negro, Parana State. Dendrometric measurements were carried out in September 2011, which was the basis for statistical and genetic analysis. The productivity at age 31 years ranged from 9.3 m³.ha-1.year-1 (control), up to 22.2 m³.ha-1.year-1 (Miyagi). A breeding strategy was proposed based on a seed production area (SPA) and on a clonal seed orchard (CSO). Moreover superior individuals for vegetative reproduction were also selected. The selection intensity was suggested considering the maintenance of expressive genetic variability among provenances, but exploring the variation within each provenance. The estimated genetic gain for diameter growth was 9.2% for the SPA (short term) and 14% for the CSO (medium term).Keywords: Forest breeding; seed production area; clonal seed orchard.
PANORAMA DA INDÚSTRIA DE CELULOSE E PAPEL NO BRASIL: 2001 a 2011
Authors: Coelho Maritzel Rios Fuentes , Coelho Marcio Henrique 
Published: August 2014

Este artigo visa estabelecer um panorama da indústria de celulose e papel sediada no Brasil, evidenciando o desempenho de algumas variáveis importantes para análise do setor, tais como a capacidade de produção, os tipos de produtos, as magnitudes das exportações e das importações e o destino das exportações, o nível e a capacidade de utilização e o preço médio das exportações no período de 2001 a 2011. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados do Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior (MDIC, 2012), da Associação Brasileira de Celulose e Papel (BRACELPA, 2011) e da Organização das Nações Unidas para Alimentação e Agricultura (FAO, 2011). No geral, os resultados revelam que a indústria de celulose vem ganhando espaço no âmbito do comércio internacional, diante de uma nova redistribuição espacial da produção, em função do obsoletismo das indústrias europeias, norte-americanas e canadenses e da inserção da celulose de fibra curta nos diferentes estágios de produção. No caso da indústria de papel, os indicadores apontam um cenário não tão promissor, diante do acirramento da concorrência internacional, embora o mercado interno possa vir a se constituir num grande impulso para a indústria local. AbstractOverview of the pulp and paper industry in Brazil: 2001/2011. This research aims to analyze the performance of the Brazilian pulp and paper industry, from 2001 to 2011, towards the main variables for the sector analysis, such as production capacity, sort of products, magnitude of exports, imports, destination of exports, level and capacity of utilization, and the average price of exports. In order to that, it used primary data from Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC, 2012), Brazilian Association of Pulp and Paper (BRACELPA, 2011) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2011). In general, results indicate that cellulose industry has gained importance in international trade, before a new spatial redistribution of production, according to the obsolescence of European, North American and Canadian industries, and the insertion of hardwood pulp in different stages of production. In relation to the paper industry, the results suggest a scenario not as promising as for the pulp one, even though domestic market may constitute a major boost to the industry.Keywords: Forests; forest economics; exports; international trade.
ENRAIZAMENTO DE MINIESTACAS APICAIS, INTERMEDIÁRIAS E BASAIS EM CLONES DE Eucalyptus benthamii
Authors: Benin Cristiane Carla , Peres Fabiana Schmidt Bandeira , Garcia Flávio Augusto de Oliveira 
Published: August 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o enraizamento de miniestacas apicais, intermediárias e basais de Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage. As miniestacas utilizadas foram coletadas de minicepas estabelecidas a partir de mudas de origem seminal. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4x3, sendo os fatores constituídos por quatro clones de E. benthamii (C50, C51, C52 e C53) e três tipos de miniestacas, confeccionadas das porções apical, intermediária e basal das brotações. Avaliou-se a sobrevivência e o enraizamento das mudas aos 45 dias de idade, em casa de sombra, e aos 90 dias em fase de pleno sol. Avaliou-se ainda a altura das mudas aos 90 dias de idade. Ao final das avaliações, o clone C52 se destacou dos demais em termos de sobrevivência, enraizamento e crescimento em altura. Na fase de pleno sol, quando as mudas já haviam completado o ciclo de desenvolvimento, a miniestaca apical comprovou ser o tipo de propágulo com maior aptidão ao enraizamento entre todos os clones avaliados.AbstractRooting of apical, intermediate and basal minicuttings in clones of Eucalyptus benthamii. This study aimed to evaluate the rooting of apical, intermediate and basal ministumps of Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage. The minicuttings were collected from ministumps originated from seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 4x3 factorial arrangement with factors consisting of four clones of E. benthamii (C50, C51, C52 e C53) and three types of cuttings (apical, intermediate and basal). The survival and rooting were evaluated with 45 days in shadow house, and 90 days in the full sun stage. In the end of the evaluations, the clone C52 proved to be better in survival, rooting and height growth. In full sun stage, when the seedlings completed the development cycle, the apical minicutting proved to be the kind of propagules with grater aptitude on rooting when compared with the others clones.Keywords: Minicutting; types of cuttings; clonal propagation.
MODELOS DE AFILAMENTO PARA Pinus elliottii EM DIFERENTES IDADES, NA REGIÃO DE CAÇADOR, SC
Authors: Téo Saulo Jorge , Marcon Alan , Ehlers Tiago , Bianchi Júlio César , Peloso Adriano , Nava Paulo Roberto , Costa Reinaldo Hoinacki da 
Published: August 2014

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram ajustar e selecionar modelos de afilamento para estimar diâmetros a várias alturas e volume total, com e sem casca, de árvores de Pinus elliottii Engelm., na região de Caçador, SC, para estudar a forma dos fustes das árvores de diferentes idades. Ao todo, 78 árvores, com idades de 10, 18 e 27 anos, foram abatidas, cubadas rigorosamente e tiveram os seus volumes obtidos por meio do método de Smalian. Os modelos de afilamento testados foram os Polinômios de 2º e de 5º Graus e o Polinômio de Potências Fracionárias de Hradetzky. A função de afilamento que apresentou melhor desempenho para estimar o diâmetro com e sem casca ao longo do fuste das árvores foram baseadas no Polinômio de Potências Fracionárias de Hradetzky, para as idades de 10, 18 e 27 anos. O Polinômio de 2º Grau propiciou as melhores estimativas de volume total com casca para as idades de 10 e 27 anos e de volume total sem casca para as idades de 18 e 27 anos. Já o Polinômio de Potências Fracionárias apresentou melhores estimativas de volume com casca para 18 anos e de volume sem casca para árvores de 10 anos. Os fustes das árvores de Pinus elliottii apresentam melhor forma nas idades mais avançadas. AbstractTaper models for Pinus elliottii, at different ages, in the region of Caçador - SC. The research aims to fit and select taper models in order to estimate diameters at different heights and total volumes, inside and outside bark, of Pinus elliottii Engelm. trees, in the region of Caçador - SC, Brazil, as well as to analyze behavior of stem form for trees at different ages. Altogether, 78 trees at 10, 18 and 27 years of age, had been cut and their volumes obtained by Smalian method. The taper models tested were the 2nd and 5th Degree Polynomial and the Hradetzky Polynomial of Fractioned Potencies. The best performance taper function for estimate diameters inside and outside bark throughout the stem were based on the Hradetzky Polynomial of Fractioned Potencies, for 10, 18 and 27 years of age. The 2nd Degree Polynomial provided the best estimates of outside bark volume for 10 and 27 years of age, and of inside bark volume for 18 and 27 years of age, although the Hradetzky Polynomial presented the best estimates of outside bark volume for 18 years of age and of inside bark volume for 10 years old trees. The stems of the Pinus elliottii trees present better form for the oldest tress.Keywords: Polynomial models; profile models; stem form.
Grenzen voor de EU-wetgever bij het machtigen van Europese agentschappen
Authors: Chamon M. 
Published: August 2014

Samenvatting:
Welke bevoegdheden kan de Uniewetgever overdragen aan EU-agentschappen (Europese ZBO's) en welke grenzen dienen hierbij gerespecteerd te worden? Sinds de bestuurlijke verzelfstandigingstendens zich ook op EU-niveau doorzette, vormden deze vragen het voorwerp van debat. Aangezien de Verdragen hier stilzwijgend over zijn, zochten rechtsgeleerden en ook de instellingen houvast in (verouderde) rechtspraak van het Hof van Justitie uit de tijd van de EGKS. In de short selling-zaak heeft het Hof nu voor het eerst zelf antwoord gegeven op deze vragen en dit met betrekking tot een bevoegdheidstoekenning aan de Europese Autoriteit voor Effecten en Markten.
De Gevolmachtigde Minister en de Raad van State: kanttekeningen bij een ‘novum’
Authors: Borman T.C. 
Published: August 2014

Samenvatting
Het artikel gaat in op enkele procedurele aspecten van een eind 2013 door de Gevolmachtigde Minister van Sint Maarten aan de Raad van State gevraagd voorlichtingsadvies. Afgaande op wat de Raad van State daarover in zijn jaarverslag heeft vermeld, lijkt de Raad ervan uit te zijn gegaan dat aan een Gevolmachtigde Minister de bevoegdheid toekomt om aan de Afdeling advisering om voorlichting te vragen overeenkomstig artikel 21a van de Wet RvS (mits zo'n verzoek niet raakt aan de eenheid van de rijksministerraad). Het veronderstellen van een dergelijke bevoegdheid lijkt de auteur onjuist. Opmerkelijk in deze zaak is verder dat de Raad van State zelf al publiciteit heeft gegeven aan het betreffende voorlichtingsadvies, terwijl het advies nog niet openbaar is gemaakt. Naar aanleiding van een ander voorlichtingsadvies constateert de auteur dat de Tweede Kamer ten onrechte meent dat zij op basis van artikel 21a Wet RvS alleen advies kan vragen aan de Afdeling advisering van de Raad van State van Nederland en niet aan de Afdeling advisering van de Raad van State van het Koninkrijk, zonder dat de Raad van State deze onjuiste opvatting corrigeert.
Growth mechanisms and dune orientation on Titan
Authors: Lucas Antoine , Rodriguez Sébastien , Narteau Clément , Charnay Benjamin , du Pont Sylvain Courrech , Tokano Tetsuya , Garcia Amandine , Thiriet Mélanie , Hayes Alexander G. , Lorenz Ralph D. , Aharonson Oded 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDune fields on Titan cover more than 17% of the moon's surface, constituting the largest known surface reservoir of organics. Their confinement to the equatorial belt, shape, and eastward direction of propagation offer crucial information regarding both the wind regime and sediment supply. Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis of Titan's dune orientations using automated detection techniques on nonlocal denoised radar images. By coupling a new dune growth mechanism with wind fields generated by climate modeling, we find that Titan's dunes grow by sediment transport on a nonmobile substratum. To be fully consistent with both the local crestline orientations and the eastward propagation of Titan's dunes, the sediment should be predominantly transported by strong eastward winds, most likely generated by equinoctial storms or occasional fast westerly gusts. Additionally, convergence of the meridional transport predicted in models can explain why Titan's dunes are confined within ±30° latitudes, where sediment fluxes converge.
Robust response of Asian summer monsoon to anthropogenic aerosols in CMIP5 models
Authors: Salzmann M. , Weser H. , Cherian R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe representation of aerosol processes and the skill in simulating the Asian summer monsoon vary widely across climate models. Yet, for the second half of the twentieth century, the models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) show a robust decrease of average precipitation in the South and Southeast Asian (SSEA) continental region due to the increase of anthropogenic aerosols. When taking into account anthropogenic aerosols as well as greenhouse gases (GHGs), the 15 CMIP5 models considered in this study yield an average June–September precipitation least squares linear trend of −0.20 ± 0.20 mmd−1 (50 years)−1, or −2.9%, for all land points in the SSEA region (taken from 75 to 120°E and 5 to 30°N) in the years from 1950 to 1999 (multimodel average ± one standard deviation) in spite of an increase in the water vapor path of +0.99 ± 0.65 kgm−2 (50 years)−1 (+2.5%). This negative precipitation trend differs markedly from the positive precipitation trend of +0.29 ± 0.14 mmd−1 (50 years)−1, or +4.1%, which is computed for GHG forcing only. Taking into account aerosols both decreases the water vapor path and slows down the monsoon circulation as suggested by several previous studies. At smaller scales, however, internal variability makes attributing observed precipitation changes to anthropogenic aerosols more difficult. Over Northern Central India (NCI), the spread between precipitation trends from individual model realizations is generally comparable in magnitude to simulated changes due to aerosols, and the model results suggest that the observed drying in NCI might in part be explained by internal variability.
The anthropometry of children and adolescents may be influenced by the prenatal smoking habits of their grandmothers: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Golding Jean , Northstone Kate , Gregory Steven , Miller Laura L. , Pembrey Marcus 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesPreviously, in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we have shown different sex‐specific birth anthropometric measurements contingent upon whether or not prenatal smoking was undertaken by paternal grandmother (PGM±), maternal grandmother (MGM±), and the study mother (M±). The findings raised the question as to whether there were long‐term associations on the growth of the study children over time.MethodsMeasures of weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, lean mass, and fat mass of children in the ALSPAC study from 7 to 17 years of age were used. We compared growth in four categories at each age: PGM+M− with PGM−M−; MGM+M− with MGM−M−; PGM+M+ with PGM−M+; MGM+M+ with MGM−M+; and adjusted for housing tenure, maternal education, parity, and paternal smoking at the start of the study pregnancy.ResultsWe found that if the PGM had, but the study mother had not, smoked in pregnancy, the girls were taller and both genders had greater bone and lean mass. However, if the MGM had smoked prenatally but the mother had not (MGM+M−), the boys became heavier than expected with increasing age—an association that was particularly due to lean rather than fat mass, reflected in increased strength and fitness. When both the maternal grandmother and the mother had smoked (MGM+M+) girls had reduced height, weight, and fat/lean/bone mass when compared with girls born to smoking mothers whose own mothers had not smoked (MGM−M+).ConclusionsThis study indicates that smoking in humans can have sex‐specific transgenerational effects. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:731–739, 2014. © 2014 The Authors American Journal of Human Biology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sleep duration, sleep quality, and obesity risk among older adults from six middle‐income countries: Findings from the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE)
Authors: Gildner Theresa E. , Liebert Melissa A. , Kowal Paul , Chatterji Somnath , Josh Snodgrass J. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesChanges in sleep patterns often occur in older adults. Previous studies have documented associations between sleep duration, sleep quality, and obesity risk in older individuals, yet few studies have examined these trends in lower‐income countries. The present cross‐sectional study uses nationally representative datasets from six countries to examine these relationships.MethodsTwo hypotheses related to obesity risk and sleep patterns were tested using data from the first wave of the World Health Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE). This longitudinal study draws on samples of older adults (>50 years old) in six middle‐income countries (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation, and South Africa). Self‐report data were used to measure sleep duration, sleep quality, lifestyle and sociodemographic information, while anthropometric measurements were collected to assess body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between sleep patterns and obesity risk while controlling for lifestyle factors.ResultsShorter sleep durations in both men and women were significantly associated with higher BMI and WC measures (P < 0.05). Low sleep quality did not significantly contribute to increased obesity risk. Surprisingly, high sleep quality was significantly associated with increased male BMI and WC in China and India (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study documented an association between short sleep duration and increased obesity risk, which is important given the global increase of obesity‐related diseases. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:803–812, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrospinning of chitosan/poly(lactic acid) nanofibers: The favorable effect of nonionic surfactant
Authors: Shan Xiaoqian , Li Fengqian , Liu Changsheng , Gao Qun 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTTo improve the electrospinnability of chitosan (CS), a series of nanofiber membrane blends comprised of CS, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether (TX‐15), were made. Uniform nanofibers with no bead‐like structures were obtained from solutions of 2% TX‐15 with 6% CS(50)/PLA(50). The diameter was between 200 and 300 nm. We found that with increasing TX‐15 in the blend, the nanofibers displayed more hydrophilicity. Compared to CS/PLA nanofibers, the blend polymers with TX‐15 had better tensile mechanical properties. Finally, all cells examined showed high levels of attachment and spreading on CS/PLA/TX‐15 nanofibers with a TX‐15 content of 0∼3%. Thus, the nanofibers were nontoxic. In conclusion, adding PLA and TX‐15 to CS via solution‐blending and electrospinning may be an effective way to toughen CS nanofibers and make them more suitable for drug delivery or tissue engineering applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41098.
Synthesis and thermomechanical properties of allyl‐functionalized polycaprolactone urethane‐co‐2‐hydroxylethyl methacrylate networks
Authors: Shen Hang , Quintard Guilhem , Chen Jianding , Taha Mohamed 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTPCL‐segmented multiallyl‐functionalized poly (ester urethane) prepolymers (PEUs) were prepared in a two‐step process. First, hydroxyl‐terminated PCL and glycerol simultaneously reacted with an excess of a diisocyanate, the obtained isocyanate functionalized prepolymers then reacts with allyl amine. PEUs structure choice mainly focused on two aspects: the PCL segments concentration and the allyl functionality that, respectively, affects the biodegradability and the density of the issued networks. The concentrations of the different reactants were fixed, taking into account the desired mean structure and also to prevent crosslinking during the synthesis of the prepolymers. FTIR was principally used to monitor the synthesis of allyl functionalized PEUs. The carbonyl absorption of PCL, initially located at 1720 cm−1, reaction of the PCL and shifted toward 1730 cm−1, due to a decrease in crystallinity as confirmed by DSC. The structure of allyl‐functionalized PCL‐segmented PEU analyzed by 1H NMR, double bond content was between 0.2 and 1.2 mmol g−1. Networks were obtained by UV‐initiated radical copolymerization of allyl‐functionalized PEUs and HEMA. The effects of PCL concentration and molar mass on their thermomechanical and thermal properties were analyzed. Particular damping properties were obtained. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41295.
Effect of passive polarizing three-dimensional displays on surgical performance for experienced laparoscopic surgeons
Authors: Smith R , Schwab K , Day A , Rockall T , Ballard K , Bailey M , Jourdan I 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the potential benefits of stereoscopic laparoscopy have been recognized for years, the technology has not been adopted because of poor operator tolerance. Passive polarizing projection systems, which have revolutionized three-dimensional (3D) cinema, are now being trialled in surgery. This study was designed to see whether this technology resulted in significant performance benefits for skilled laparoscopists.MethodsFour validated laparoscopic skills tasks, each with ten repetitions, were performed by 20 experienced laparoscopic surgeons, in both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D conditions. The primary outcome measure was the performance error rate; secondary outcome measures were time for task completion, 3D motion tracking (path length, motion smoothness and grasping frequency) and workload dimension ratings of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Task Load Index.ResultsSurgeons demonstrated a 62 per cent reduction in the median number of errors and a 35 per cent reduction in median performance time when using the passive polarizing 3D display compared with the 2D display. There was a significant 15 per cent reduction in median instrument path length, an enhancement of median motion smoothness, and a 15 per cent decrease in grasper frequency with the 3D display. Participants reported significant reductions in subjective workload dimension ratings of the NASA Task Load Index following use of the 3D displays.ConclusionPassive polarizing 3D displays improved both the performance of experienced surgeons in a simulated setting and surgeon perception of the operative field. Although it has been argued that the experience of skilled laparoscopic surgeons compensates fully for the loss of stereopsis, this study indicates that this is not the case.