bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘It's all there in black and white’ – or is it? Consumer perspectives on the proposed Australian Medicine Information Box over‐the‐counter label format
Authors: Tong Vivien , Raynor David K. , Aslani Parisa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundOver‐the‐counter (OTC) labels help support safe medication use by consumers. In 2012, the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) released a consultation paper proposing OTC label standardization to improve label quality via implementation of the Medicine Information Box (MIB) label. However, consumer opinions of the MIB and standardization of OTC labelling remain unexplored.ObjectiveTo explore consumer perspectives of OTC label standardization and the proposed MIB.DesignMock MIB labels were developed by the research team, guided by the TGA consultation paper, and used as interview stimulus material.Participants and settingSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 38 Australian and 39 UK adult participants. Participant perspectives on OTC label standardization, opinions on the MIB and perceived improvements were explored. All interviews were audio‐recorded with permission, transcribed verbatim, and the content thematically analysed.ResultsParticipants expressed a range of opinions towards OTC label standardization, from welcoming standardization to concern that important details may be overlooked. The MIB was generally positively received due to its perceived good information design and ease of navigation. Participants requested reordering of information‐specifically, for the active ingredient to be moved to a less prominent position. Suggested improvements centred on content and design changes, for example colour, pictograms, bolding.ConclusionsParticipants felt positively towards OTC label standardization and saw the MIB as a feasible standardized format to implement for OTC labels. Although they appreciated its good information design, they felt further improvements to its content and design are required to enhance its quality and usability.
Development and psychometric evaluation of a measure to evaluate the quality of integrated care: the Patient Assessment of Integrated Elderly Care
Authors: Uittenbroek Ronald J. , Reijneveld Sijmen A. , Stewart Roy E. , Spoorenberg Sophie L.W. , Kremer Hubertus P.H. , Wynia Klaske 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundNovel population‐based integrated care services are being developed to adequately serve the growing number of elderly people. Suitable, reliable and valid measurement instruments are needed to evaluate the quality of care delivered.ObjectiveTo develop a measure to evaluate the quality of integrated care from the perspective of elderly people, the Patient Assessment of Integrated Elderly Care (PAIEC), and then to assess its psychometric properties.Methods/DesignAfter the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care was adapted to the PAIEC, a cross‐sectional postal‐survey study was performed among 223 elderly people who received integrated elderly care and support. We assessed the factor structure, internal consistency, known groups and divergent validity using robust nonparametric tests.ResultsMean age of participants was 83 years (standard deviation 4.7), and 69% was female. The original five‐factor model was rejected; a good fit was found for a three‐factor model, when excluding the item on patients' satisfaction with care. The PAIEC and its subscales showed good internal consistency (ordinal alphas > 0.90). Known‐groups validity was supported regarding number of medications, prevalence of chronic conditions and home care received. No differences were found between groups based on sociodemographic aspects. Divergent validity was supported by low correlations (Spearman's rank correlation coefficients < 0.30) between PAIEC scales and measures of quality of life, complexity of care needs and frailty.ConclusionThe PAIEC seems to have considerable potential as a reliable and valid measurement instrument that evaluates quality of integrated care and support from the perspective of elderly people.
Stock Market's Response to Real Output Shocks: Connection Restored but Delayed
Authors: Ülkü Numan , Kuruppuarachchi Duminda 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe propose a vector autoregression with asymmetric leads model to combine the forward‐looking, contemporaneous, and delayed responses of the stock market to output news. Using this approach, we document that the stock market's connection to real output, shown by Binswanger to have been broken since the early 1980s, has been restored after 1998, however, via a delayed response. Subperiods mainly differ in terms of delayed response, portraying an interesting evolution of market participants' response to macroeconomic information based on the realized persistence of output shocks.
Soil Erosion in Humid Regions: A Review
Authors: Holz Daniel J. , Williard Karl W.J. , Edwards Pamela J. , Schoonover Jon E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSoil erosion has significant implications for land productivity and surface water quality, as sediment is the leading water pollutant worldwide. Here, erosion processes are defined. The dominant factors influencing soil erosion in humid areas are reviewed, with an emphasis on the roles of precipitation, soil moisture, soil porosity, slope steepness and length, vegetation, and soil organisms. Erosion dynamics in forested watersheds are the focus with some examples from agricultural watersheds included as well. Lastly, best management practices for controlling surface erosion are discussed.
The Role of Social Science in Successfully Implementing Watershed Management Strategies
Authors: Floress Kristin , Akamani Kofi , Halvorsen Kathleen E. , Kozich Andrew T. , Davenport Mae 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSuccessful watershed management and changes in water quality conditions are dependent upon changes in human behaviors. Those tasked with managing watersheds and other natural resources often assume that people are not acting to protect or restore their resources because they lack the necessary knowledge and understanding. However, individual behaviors are impacted by a variety of social, psychological, institutional, and economic factors that need to be understood for successful implementation of watershed management strategies. This paper provides an introduction to the field of human dimensions of watershed management, an overview of social science concepts that have been found to explain water‐related behaviors, and how social information can be translated into actionable items in a management plan.
Exogenously Applied Plant Growth Regulators Affect Heat‐Stressed Rice Pollens
Authors: Fahad S. , Hussain S. , Saud S. , Khan F. , Hassan S. , Amanullah  , Nasim W. , Arif M. , Wang F. , Huang J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIncreasing temperature due to global warming has emerged one of the gravest threats to rice production. This study examined the influence of high temperature and exogenously applied plant growth regulators on pollen fertility, anther dehiscence, pollen germination and metabolites synthesis in pollens of two rice cultivars (IR‐64 and Huanghuazhan (HHZ)). Plants were subjected to high day temperature (HDT), high night temperature (HNT) and control temperature (CT) in controlled growth chambers. Four different combinations of ascorbic acid (Vc), alpha‐tocopherol (Ve), brassinosteroids (Br), methyl jasmonates (MeJA) and triazoles (Tr) were used along with a nothing applied control. Our results depicted that high temperature severely reduced the pollen fertility, anther dehiscence, pollen retention, germination and metabolites synthesis in pollens of both rice cultivars. Nonetheless, exogenous application of various plant growth regulators assuaged the adverse effects of high temperature and Vc + Ve + MeJA + Br was found the best combination than the other treatments for every studied characteristic. The HNT posed more negative effects than the HDT. Variations were also apparent between cultivars and HHZ performed better than IR‐64 under high‐temperature stress, with higher pollen fertility, better anther dehiscence, and greater pollen retention and germination rates. The greater tolerance of HHZ to high temperature was related with the higher synthesis of metabolites in this cultivar.
Preparation of Highly Crystallized Strontium Titanate Powders at Room Temperature
Authors: Yamaguchi Yuki , Kanamaru Yoshihiro , Fukushima Minori , Fujimoto Kenjiro , Ito Shigeru 
Published: July 2015

Highly crystallized fine powder of strontium titanate (SrTiO3) was obtained at room temperature simply by leaving a vial containing the powder mixture of Sr(OH)2·8H2O and hydrous titania gel (TiO2·nH2O) for 10 d. Solvent and additive(s) used in the conventional low‐temperature process were not used. The crystallinity judged from the FWHM of X‐ray diffraction peak was comparable to that obtained by a solid‐state reaction. To cause the reaction at room temperature, the titania gel had to contain a considerable amount of H2O (n > 0.97). The reaction is considered to be neutralization of titanic acid [H4TiO4 or Ti(OH)4] and strontium hydroxide (base). Using similar process, highly crystallized BaTiO3 powder was also obtained at 60°C. In comparison with the formation temperature of BaTiO3, tolerance factor in the perovskite structure was important for the room‐temperature synthesis of SrTiO3. SrTiO3 was hardly obtained at room temperature by the addition of saturated strontium hydroxide solution to the hydrous TiO2 gel (n = 1.29). Therefore, the reaction seems to proceed in the hydrous titania gel. This process is characterized by three important points; “no solvent”, “no additional reagents”, and above all, “no heating”.
MnO2 Thin Film Electrodes for Enhanced Reliability of Thin Glass Capacitors
Authors: Akkopru‐Akgun Betul , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan , Lanagan Michael T 
Published: July 2015

Many dielectric thin films for energy storage capacitors fail by thermal breakdown events under high‐field drive conditions. The lifetime of the device can be improved under conditions where the current path within the defect regions in dielectrics is eliminated. Self‐healing electrodes were developed by depositing a manganese dioxide (MnO2) thin film between the glass substrate and an aluminum film. For this purpose, thin films of MnO2 on boroaluminosilicate glass were fabricated via chemical solution deposition and heat‐treated at temperatures in the range 500°C–900°C. The α‐MnO2 structure was stabilized by Ba2+ insertion to form the hollandite structure. The phase transition temperature of α‐MnO2 to Mn2O3 is strongly dependent on the Ba concentration, with transition temperatures of 600°C and 675°C with Ba concentrations of [Ba]/[Mn] = 0.04 and 0.1, respectively. The electrical resistivity increased from 4.5 Ω·cm for MnO2 to 105 Ω·cm for Mn2O3. Both dielectric breakdown strength and the associated cleared aluminum electrode area increased with an MnO2 interlayer between Al electrodes and the borosilicate glass. The enhancement in dielectric strength was related with self‐healing. The associated redox reaction between MnO2 and Mn2O3 was also proved by RAMAN spectroscopy following dielectric breakdown.
Atrial Tachycardias After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Manifest Different Waveform Characteristics: Implications for Characterizing Tachycardias
Authors: BIVIANO ANGELO B. , CIACCIO EDWARD J. , FLEITMAN JESSICA , KNOTTS ROBERT , LAWRENCE JOHN , HAYNES NORRISA , CYRILLE NICOLE , HICKEY KATHLEEN , IYER VIVEK , WAN ELAINE , WHANG WILLIAM , GARAN HASAN 
Published: July 2015

ECG Waveform Analysis in Atrial TachycardiasIntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) ablation patients often manifest atrial tachycardias (AT) with atypical ECG morphologies that preclude accurate localization and mechanism. Diagnostic maneuvers used to define ATs during electrophysiology studies can be limited by tachycardia termination or transformation. Additional methods of characterizing post‐AF ablation ATs are required.Methods and ResultsWe evaluated the utility of noninvasive ECG signal analytics in postablation AF patients for the following features: (1) Localization of ATs (i.e., right vs. left atrium), and (2) Identification of common left AT mechanisms (i.e., focal vs. macroreentrant). Atrial waveforms from the surface ECG were used to analyze (1) spectral organization, including dominant amplitude (DA) and mean spectral profile (MP), and (2) temporospatial variability, using temporospatial correlation coefficients.We studied 94 ATs in 71 patients who had undergone prior pulmonary vein isolation for AF and returned for a second ablation: (1) right atrial cavotricuspid‐isthmus dependent (CTI) ATs (n = 21); (2) left atrial macroreentrant ATs (n = 41) and focal ATs (n = 32). Right CTI ATs manifested higher DAs and lower MPs than left ATs, indicative of greater stability and less complexity in the frequency spectrum. Left macroreentrant ATs possessed higher temporospatial organization than left focal ATs.ConclusionsNoninvasively recorded atrial waveform signal analyses show that right ATs possess more stable activation properties than left ATs, and left macroreentrant ATs manifest higher temporospatial organization than left focal ATs. Further prospective analyses evaluating the role these novel ECG‐derived tools can play to help localize and identify mechanisms of common ATs in AF ablation patients are warranted.
Usefulness of carotid plaque (sum and maximum of plaque thickness) in combination with intima‐media thickness for the detection of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients with diabetes
Authors: Akazawa Shoichi , Tojikubo Masayuki , Nakano Yuko , Nakamura Satoe , Tamai Hidekazu , Yonemoto Koji , Sadasima Eiji , Kawasaki Tomohiro , Koga Nobuhiko 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe usefulness of markers of carotid plaque, such as sum (PS) and maximum (P‐max) of the plaque thickness, in combination with intima‐media thickness in the common carotid artery (CIMT) for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) was investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes without known CAD.Materials and MethodsB‐mode ultrasonographic scanning of the carotid artery and multislice computed tomography coronary angiography were carried out in 332 asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes.ResultsFor the presence of obstructive CAD when incorporating PS or P‐max to standard risk factors in a multiple logistic regression model, the classification ability in PS and P‐max increased greatly (area under the curve [AUC] 0.827 vs 0.720 [net reclassification index {NRI} = 0.652, P < 0.01] and AUC 0.820 vs 0.720 [NRI = 0.775, P < 0.01], respectively), and it in CIMT increased slightly (AUC 0.740 vs 0.720, NRI = 0.230, P = 0.041). Furthermore, the classification abilities for a model with interaction terms between PS* or P‐max* and CIMT were statistically larger than those for a model without interaction terms (AUC 0.833 vs 0.827 [NRI = 0.411, P < 0.01] and 0.823 vs 0.820 [NRI = 0.269, P < 0.05], respectively). Partitioning showed the patients in the values of the PS <2.6 mm and CIMT <0.725 mm (100%), or in P‐max <2.1 mm and CIMT <0.725 mm (95.4%), did not have obstructive CAD, whereas those in the values of PS 2.6 mm, presence of hyperlipidemia and CIMT 0.675 mm (84%) or those in the value of P‐max 2.1 mm and body mass index 24 (91.7%) had obstructive CAD.ConclusionsAlthough the P‐max and PS in the carotid artery were useful as detectors of CAD, combining them with CIMT provided a much superior first‐line screening method in detecting CAD in asymptomatic patients with diabetes.
Speciation is not necessarily easier in species with sexually monomorphic mating signals
Authors: Noh S. , Henry C. S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractShould we have different expectations regarding the likelihood and pace of speciation by sexual selection when considering species with sexually monomorphic mating signals? Two conditions that can facilitate rapid species divergence are Felsenstein's one‐allele mechanism and a genetic architecture that includes a genetic association between signal and preference loci. In sexually monomorphic species, the former can manifest in the form of mate choice based on phenotype matching. The latter can be promoted by selection acting upon genetic loci for divergent signals and preferences expressed simultaneously in each individual, rather than acting separately on signal loci in males and preference loci in females. Both sexes in the Chrysoperla carnea group of green lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) produce sexually monomorphic species‐specific mating signals. We hybridized the two species C. agilis and C. carnea to test for evidence of these speciation‐facilitating conditions. Hybrid signals were more complex than the parents and we observed a dominant influence of C. carnea. We found a dominant influence of C. agilis on preferences in the form of hybrid discrimination against C. carnea. Preferences in hybrids followed patterns predicting preference loci that determine mate choice rather than a one‐allele mechanism. The genetic association between signal and preference we detected in the segregating hybrid crosses indicates that speciation in these species with sexually monomorphic mating signals can have occurred rapidly. However, we need additional evidence to determine whether such genetic associations form more readily in sexually monomorphic species compared to dimorphic species and consequently facilitate speciation.
Preferences and Actual Treatment of Older Adults at the End of Life. A Mortality Follow‐Back Study
Authors: Pasman H. Roeline W. , Kaspers Pam J. , Deeg Dorly J. H. , Onwuteaka‐Philipsen Bregje D. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo compare actual treatments with preferences for starting or forgoing treatment of older adults at the end of life.DesignMortality follow‐back study of relatives of deceased older adults. Preferences and actual treatment were studied for each of four treatments: starting or forgoing resuscitation (do not resuscitate), artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH), antibiotics, and artificial respiration.SettingOlder adults in the Netherlands.ParticipantsProxies of deceased members (in 2006–2009) of two cohorts representative of the older Dutch population (n = 168) and of people with an advance directive (n = 184).MeasurementsRelationship between preferred and actual treatment.ResultsIn most individuals who preferred receiving treatment, this preference was followed (n = 2/2, resuscitation; 23/26, ANH; 33/38, antibiotics; 23/24, AR). In approximately half of the individuals who preferred that a treatment be forgone, the preference was followed (n = 6/13, resuscitation; 11/18, ANH; 3/5, antibiotics), except for artificial respiration (n = 1/8). The majority of people for whom no preference was known received treatment (n = 5/9, resuscitation; 19/33, ANH; 15/20, antibiotics; 8/13, artificial respiration). People with a known preference for receiving a specific treatment had a seven times higher chance of preference being followed than people with a known preference for forgoing that treatment. People with a known preference for forgoing a treatment had a six times higher chance of treatment being forgone than people having no known preference.ConclusionAlthough concordance between preferred and actual treatment is high in older adults who prefer treatment and lower in people who prefer no treatment, making preferences for forgoing treatment known is useful because it increases the chance of treatments being forgone in those who wish so.
Practice‐Based Learning Can Improve Osteoporosis Care
Authors: Hess Brian J. , Johnston Mary M. , Iobst William F. , Lipner Rebecca S. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo examine physician engagement in practice‐based learning using a self‐evaluation module to assess and improve their care of individuals with or at risk of osteoporosis.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingInternal medicine and subspecialty clinics.ParticipantsEight hundred fifty U.S. physicians with time‐limited certification in general internal medicine or a subspecialty.MeasurementsPerformance rates on 23 process measures and seven practice system domain scores were obtained from the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Osteoporosis Practice Improvement Module (PIM), an Internet‐based self‐assessment module that physicians use to improve performance on one targeted measure. Physicians remeasured performance on their targeted measures by conducting another medical chart review.ResultsVariability in performance on measures was found, with observed differences between general internists, geriatricians, and rheumatologists. Some practice system elements were modestly associated with measure performance; the largest association was between providing patient‐centered self‐care support and documentation of calcium intake and vitamin D estimation and counseling (correlation coefficients from 0.20 to 0.28, Ps < .002). For all practice types, the most commonly selected measure targeted for improvement was documentation of vitamin D level (38% of physicians). On average, physicians reported significant and large increases in performance on measures targeted for improvement.ConclusionGaps exist in the quality of osteoporosis care, and physicians can apply practice‐based learning using the ABIM PIM to take action to improve the quality of care.
Frequencies of lymphoid T‐follicular helper cells obtained longitudinally by lymph node fine‐needle aspiration correlate significantly with viral load in SIV‐infected rhesus monkeys
Authors: Klippert Antonina , Stolte‐Leeb Nicole , Neumann Berit , Sauermann Ulrike , Daskalaki Maria , Gawanbacht Ali , Kirchhoff Frank , Stahl‐Hennig Christiane 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundT‐follicular helper (TFH) cells are an important population in lymph nodes (LNs) contributing to the generation of highly specific B cells. For SIV studies in rhesus macaques (RM), analysis of LN is necessary, but restricted due to invasive sampling. We applied the minimally invasive LN fine‐needle aspiration (LN‐FNA) and examined dynamics of TFH cells during SIV infection.Materials and methodsLN‐FNA and LN resection were carried out on uninfected RM. Lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Additionally, cells obtained by LN‐FNA over time from SIV‐infected RM were analyzed.ResultsPercentages of lymphocyte subsets were similar in LN aspirates and whole LNs. Analysis of LN aspirates from SIV‐infected RM demonstrated a decrease of CD4+ T cells, while TFH cell frequencies increased over time and correlated significantly with plasma viral load.ConclusionsBy applying LN‐FNA, we showed that TFH cell expansion in chronic SIV infection is associated with viral load.