bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Determinants of Maximal Speed Adaptation During Preseason in Subelite Female Australian Rules Footballers
Authors: Wijekulasuriya Gyan A. , Canham Brendan , Pane Calvin , Dower Hannah , Larkin Paul 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Maximal speed is an important physical-fitness attribute for female Australian footballers. The effects of sprint training, maximal strength, and technical training have been reported in laboratory studies. However, no study has determined the combined effect and relative contribution of these training modalities on maximal speed adaptation in situ. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the training factors affecting maximal speed adaptation during a preseason in subelite female Australian Rules footballers. Methods: Maximal speed during field training, predicted 1-repetition maximum (1RM) for box squat and hip thrust, and sprint biomechanics were assessed during early and late preseason (∼9 wk apart) in 15 female subelite Australian Rules Football players (age 20 [3] y). On-field training volume and intensity (total distance, high-speed running, very-high-speed running, and maximal speed) were determined using a Global Positioning System. A multivariate regression model was used to determine the factors associated with changes in maximal speed across the preseason. Results: The preseason training program had a small effect on maximal speed and large to very large effects on strength and sprint biomechanics. The multivariate regression with the greatest fit (P < .001, R2 = .939) included change in estimated 1RM box squat (β = −0.63), total distance per week (β = −0.55), and change in hip projection (β = 0.16) as factors. Multivariate regression of biomechanical factors (P = .044, R2 = .717) and maximal strength factors (P = .003, R2 = .676) were also significant. Conclusion: The development of maximal speed across a preseason is dependent on (1) total distance per week, (2) maximal strength adaptation, and (3) sprint technique adaptation in female subelite Australian rules football players.
Novel isolates of hydrogen-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophic
Sulfurospirillum
provide insight to the functions and adaptation mechanisms of Campylobacteria in shallow-water hydrothermal vents
Authors: Wang Li , Cheng Xinyi , Guo Yizhe , Cao Junwei , Sun Mingye , Hwang Jiang-Shiou , Liu Rulong , Fang Jiasong 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Enhancing the availability of representative isolates from hydrothermal vents (HTVs) is imperative for comprehending the microbial processes that propel the vent ecosystem. In recent years, Campylobacteria have emerged as the predominant and ubiquitous taxon across both shallow and deep-sea vent systems. Nevertheless, only a few isolates have been cultured, primarily originating from deep-sea HTVs. Presently, no cultivable isolates of Campylobacteria are accessible in shallow water vent systems (<200 m), which exhibit markedly distinct environmental conditions from their deep-sea counterparts. In this study, we enriched a novel isolate (genus
Sulfurospirillum
, Campylobacteria) from shallow-water HTVs of Kueishan Island. Genomic and physiological analysis revealed that this novel Campylobacteria species grows on a variety of substrate and carbon/energy sources. The pan-genome and phenotypic comparisons with 12 previously isolated
Sulfurospirillum
species from different environments supported the identification of functional features in
Sulfurospirillum
genomes crucial for adaptation to vent environments, such as sulfur oxidation, carbon fixation, biofilm formation, and benzoate/toluene degradation, as well as diverse genes related with signal transportation. To conclude, the metabolic characteristics of this novel Campylobacteria augment our understanding of Campylobacteria spanning from deep-sea to shallow-water vent systems.

IMPORTANCE

Campylobacteria emerge as the dominant and ubiquitous taxa within vent systems, playing important roles in the vent ecosystems. However, isolated representatives of Campylobacteria have been mainly from the deep-sea hydrothermal fields, leaving a significant knowledge gap regarding the functions, activities, and adaptation strategies of the vent microorganisms in shallow-water hydrothermal vents (HTVs). This study bridges this gap by providing insights into the phenomics and genomic diversity of genus
Sulfurospirillum
(order Campylobacterales, class Campylobacteria) based on data derived from a novel isolate obtained from shallow-water HTVs. Our mesophilic isolate of
Sulfurospirillum
not only augments the genus diversity of Campylobacteria pure cultures derived from vent systems but also serves as the inaugural reference isolate for Campylobacteria in shallow-water environments.
Antibacterial effect of phage cocktails and phage-antibiotic synergy against pathogenic
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: zhao Mengshi , Li Hongru , Gan Dehao , Wang Mengzhu , Deng Hui , Yang Qiu E. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

The global rise of antibiotic resistance has renewed interest in phage therapy, as an alternative to antibiotics to eliminate multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens. However, optimizing the broad-spectrum efficacy of phage therapy remains a challenge. In this study, we addressed this issue by employing strategies to improve antimicrobial efficacy of phage therapy against MDR
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strains, which are notorious for their resistance to conventional antibiotics. This includes the selection of broad host range phages, optimization of phage formulation, and combinations with last-resort antibiotics. Our findings unveil that having a broad host range was a dominant trait of isolated phages, and increasing phage numbers in combination with antibiotics significantly enhanced the suppression of bacterial growth. The decreased incidence of bacterial infection was explained by a reduction in pathogen density and emergence of bacterial resistance. Furthermore, phage-antibiotic synergy (PAS) demonstrated considerable broad-spectrum antibacterial potential against different clades of clinical MDR
K. pneumoniae
pathogens. The improved treatment outcomes of optimized PAS were also evident in a murine model, where mice receiving optimized PAS therapy demonstrated a reduced bacterial burden in mouse tissues. Taken together, these findings offer an important development in optimizing PAS therapy and its efficacy in the elimination of MDR
K. pneumoniae
pathogens.

IMPORTANCE

The worldwide spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has posed a great challenge to global public health. Phage therapy has become a promising alternative against difficult-to-treat pathogens. One important goal of this study was to optimize the therapeutic efficiency of phage-antibiotic combinations, known as phage-antibiotic synergy (PAS). Through comprehensive analysis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of a large number of CRKp-specific phages, we developed a systematic model for phage cocktail combinations. Crucially, our finding demonstrated that PAS treatments not only enhance the bactericidal effects of colistin and tigecycline against multidrug-resistant (MDR)
K. pneumoniae
strains in
in vitro
and
in vivo
context but also provide a robust response when antibiotics fail. Overall, the optimized PAS therapy demonstrates considerable potential in combating diverse
K. pneumoniae
pathogens, highlighting its relevance as a strategy to mitigate antibiotic resistance threats effectively.
HIV-1 subtype-specific drug resistance on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy: protocol for a multicentre study (DTG RESIST)
Authors: Egger Matthias , Sauermann Mamatha , Loosli Tom , Hossmann Stefanie , Riedo Selma , Beerenwinkel Niko , Jaquet Antoine , Minga Albert , Ross Jeremy , Giandhari Jennifer , Kouyos Roger D , Lessells Richard 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionHIV drug resistance poses a challenge to the United Nation’s goal of ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI) dolutegravir, which has a higher resistance barrier, was endorsed by the WHO in 2019 for first-line, second-line and third-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). This multiplicity of roles of dolutegravir in ART may facilitate the emergence of dolutegravir resistance.Methods and analysisNested within the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA), DTG RESIST is a multicentre study of adults and adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and South and Central America who experienced virological failure on dolutegravir-based ART. At the time of virological failure, whole blood will be collected and processed to prepare plasma or dried blood spots. Laboratories in Durban, Mexico City and Bangkok will perform genotyping. Analyses will focus on (1) individuals who experienced virological failure on dolutegravir and (2) those who started or switched to such a regimen and were at risk of virological failure. For population (1), the outcome will be any InSTI drug resistance mutations, and for population (2) virological failure is defined as a viral load >1000 copies/mL. Phenotypic testing will focus on non-B subtype viruses with major InSTI resistance mutations. Bayesian evolutionary models will explore and predict treatment failure genotypes. The study will have intermediate statistical power to detect differences in resistance mutation prevalence between major HIV-1 subtypes; ample power to identify risk factors for virological failure and limited power for analysing factors associated with individual InSTI drug resistance mutations.Ethics and disseminationThe research protocol was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and the Ethics Committee of the Canton of Bern, Switzerland. All sites participate in International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS and have obtained ethics approval from their local ethics committee to collect additional data.Trial registration numberNCT06285110.
Equity in Choosing Wisely and beyond: the effect of health literacy on healthcare decision-making and methods to support conversations about overuse
Authors: Muscat Danielle M , Cvejic Erin , Smith Jenna , Thompson Rachel , Chang Edward , Tracy Marguerite , Zadro Joshua , Linder Robyn , McCaffery Kirsten 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo (a) examine whether the effect of the Choosing Wisely consumer questions on question-asking and shared decision-making (SDM) outcomes differs based on individuals’ health literacy and (b) explore the relationship between health literacy, question-asking and other decision-making outcomes in the context of low value care.MethodsPreplanned analysis of randomised trial data comparing: the Choosing Wisely questions, a SDM video, both interventions or control (no intervention). Randomisation was stratified by participant health literacy (‘adequate’ vs ‘limited’), as assessed by the Newest Vital Sign.Main outcome measuresSelf-efficacy to ask questions and be involved in decision-making, and intention to engage in SDM.Participants1439 Australian adults, recruited online.ResultsThe effects of the Choosing Wisely questions and SDM video did not differ based on participants’ health literacy for most primary or secondary outcomes (all two-way and three-way interactions p>0.05). Compared with individuals with ‘adequate’ health literacy, those with ‘limited’ health literacy had lower knowledge of SDM rights (82.1% vs 89.0%; 95% CI: 3.9% to 9.8%, p<0.001) and less positive attitudes towards SDM (48.3% vs 58.1%; 95% CI: 4.7% to 15.0%, p=0.0002). They were also more likely to indicate they would follow low-value treatment plans without further questioning (7.46/10 vs 6.94/10; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.72, p<0.001) and generated fewer questions to ask a healthcare provider which aligned with the Choosing Wisely questions (χ2(1)=73.79, p<.001). On average, 67.7% of participants with ‘limited’ health literacy indicated that they would use video interventions again compared with 55.7% of individuals with ‘adequate’ health literacy.ConclusionAdults with limited health literacy continue to have lower scores on decision-making outcomes in the context of low value care. Ongoing work is needed to develop and test different intervention formats that support people with lower health literacy to engage in question asking and SDM.
Long-term risk of heart failure in adult cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wong Joshua , Soh Cheng Hwee , Wang Benjamen , Marwick Thomas 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundCancer survivors are at increased risk of heart failure (HF). While cardiotoxicity is commonly sought at the time of cancer chemotherapy, HF develops as a result of multiple ‘hits’ over time, and there is limited evidence regarding the frequency and causes of HF during survivorship.ObjectivesThis systematic review sought to investigate the relationship between cardiotoxic cancer therapies and HF during survivorship.MethodsWe searched the EMBASE, MEDLINE and CINAHL databases for studies reporting HF in adult survivors (≥50 years old), who were ≥5 years postpotential cardiotoxic cancer therapy. A random effects model was used to examine the associations of HF.ResultsThirteen papers were included, comprising 190 259 participants (mean age 53.5 years, 93% women). The risk of HF was increased (overall RR 1.47 (95% CI (1.17 to 1.86)). Cardiotoxic treatment, compared with cancer alone, provided a similar risk (RR of 1.46 (95% CI 0.98 to 2.16)). The overall HF incidence rate was 2.1% compared with 1.7% in the control arm—an absolute risk difference of 0.4%. In the breast cancer population ratio (11 studies), the overall HF RR was 2.57 (95% CI 1.35 to 4.90)). Although heterogeneity was significant (I2=77.2), this was explained by differences in patient characteristics; once multivariable analysis accounted for follow-up duration (OR 0.99, 95% CI (0.97 to 0.99), p=0.047), age (OR 1.14, 95% CI (1.04 to 1.25), p=0.003) and hypertension (OR 0.95, 95% CI (0.92 to 0.98), p<0.001), residual heterogeneity was low (I2=28.7).ConclusionsHF is increased in adult cancer survivors, associated with cardiotoxic cancer therapy and standard risk factors. However, the small absolute risk difference between survivors and controls suggests that universal screening of survivors is unjustifiable. A risk model based on age, cardiotoxic cancer therapy and standard risk factors may facilitate a selective screening process in this at-risk population.
TargetingGsk3areverses immune evasion to enhance immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Xin , Yang Luyu , Shen Xiaotian , Pan Junjie , Chen Yiran , Chen Jixuan , Wang Hao , Meng Jiaqi , Chen Zhenchao , Xie Sunzhe , Li Yitong , Zhu Bolun , Zhu Wenwei , Qin Lunxiu , Lu Lu 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundImmune escape is an important feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The overall response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in HCC is still limited. Revealing the immune regulation mechanisms and finding new immune targets are expected to further improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. Our study aims to use CRISPR screening mice models to identify potential targets that play a critical role in HCC immune evasion and further explore their value in improving immunotherapy.MethodsWe performed CRISPR screening in two mice models with different immune backgrounds (C57BL/6 and NPG mice) and identified the immunosuppressive geneGsk3aas a candidate for further investigation. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the impact ofGsk3aon immune cell infiltration and T-cell function. RNA sequencing was used to identify the changes in neutrophil gene expression induced byGsk3aand alterations in downstream molecules. The therapeutic value of the combination ofGsk3ainhibitors and anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody was also explored.ResultsGsk3a, as an immune inhibitory target, significantly promoted tumor growth in immunocompetent mice rather than immune-deficient mice.Gsk3ainhibited cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) function by inducing neutrophil chemotaxis.Gsk3apromoted self-chemotaxis of neutrophil expression profiles and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation to block T-cell activity through leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1). A significant synergistic effect was observed whenGsk3ainhibitor was in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody.ConclusionsWe identified a potential HCC immune evasion target,Gsk3a, through CRISPR screening.Gsk3ainduces neutrophil recruitment and NETs formation through the intermediate molecule LRG1, leading to the inhibition of CTLs function. TargetingGsk3acan enhance CTLs function and improve the efficacy of ICIs.
Trauma advanced practice provider education: the current state of trauma advanced practice provider postgraduate education in the United States
Authors: Lasinski Alaina M , Shaughnessy Allysen , Claridge Jeffrey A 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundPostgraduate education for advanced practice providers (APPs) is a rapidly evolving field and includes residencies and fellowships designed to help narrow the gap between physicians and APPs. The current state of trauma APP postgraduate programs in the U.S. is unknown. The aim of this study is to identify the APP postgraduate programs in the U.S. dedicated to trauma training and to understand the baseline characteristics of these programs and their curriculums, including which technical skills and bedside procedures a trauma APP should be expected to perform.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of all identifiable APP postgraduate programs in trauma surgery in the U.S. through June 2022. A survey tool designed to better understand training programs and curriculums was created. A web-based survey using Qualtrics was sent to the program directors of the identifiable trauma programs. Descriptive statistics were calculated as appropriate.ResultsEight programs were identified as primarily trauma training programs. Six programs completed the entire survey, and one program completed 50% of the survey. Programs vary in the number of graduates, clinical rotations, and educational curriculums, though all programs offer didactics and simulation curriculums for procedure skill development. Most programs are not accredited.ConclusionThis is the first study developed to understand the content and curriculums of postgraduate trauma programs for APPs. There are only a handful of programs dedicated to trauma training, and their educational offerings are diverse, with similarities across programs in expected procedural competency. There is a need for trauma programs to invest in and further standardize APP training.Level of evidenceIV.
AAC Dutton Canada Western Red Spring wheat
Authors: Kumar S. , Nilsen K.T. , Green D. , McCallum B. , Fetch T. , Menzies J. , Aboukhaddour R. , Henriquez M.-A. 
Published: August 2024

AAC Dutton (BW1094) is a hollow-stemmed, awned, and high yielding Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat cultivar suited to the growing conditions of Western Canada. AAC Dutton was 1% higher yielding than AAC Viewfield, the highest yielding check in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative registration trials (2019–2021). Within the same test, AAC Dutton was 10% higher yielding than Carberry. AAC Dutton matured 1 day earlier than Glenn, Carberry, and AAC Viewfield and less than a day later than Unity: Unity being the earliest maturing check in the registration trial. AAC Dutton was 10 cm shorter than Unity with lodging score lower than the mean of the checks. The test weight of AAC Dutton was similar to Unity while the 1000-kernel weight was higher than AAC Viewfield. The grain protein content of AAC Dutton was lower than all the checks. AAC Dutton had a moderately resistant reaction to Fusarium head blight ( Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) and stripe rust ( Puccinia striiformis Westend). AAC Dutton had optimal resistance to leaf rust ( Puccinia triticina Erikss.), stem rust ( Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn), common bunt ( Tilletia caries [DC] Tul. & C. Tul.), and to orange blossom wheat midge ( Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin). AAC Dutton was registered under the CWRS class.
Distinguishing signature of Kerr-MOG black hole and superspinar via Lense–Thirring precession
Authors: Pradhan Parthapratim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe examine the geometrical differences between the black hole (BH) and naked singularity (NS) or superspinar via Lense–Thirring (LT) precession in spinning modified-gravity (MOG). For BH case, we show that the LT precession frequency ($$\Omega _{LT}$$

Ω

LT

) along the pole is proportional to the angular-momentum (J) parameter or spin parameter (a) and is inversely proportional to the cubic value of radial distance parameter, and also governed by Eq. (1). Along the equatorial plane it is governed by Eq. (2). While for superspinar, we show that the LT precession frequency is inversely proportional to the cubic value of the spin parameter and it decreases with distance by MOG parameter as derived in Eq. (3) at the pole and in the limit $$a>>r$$

a
>
>
r

(where a is spin parameter). For $$\theta \ne \frac{\pi }{2}$$

θ
≠

π
2

and in the superspinar limit, the spin frequency varies as $$\Omega _{LT}\propto \frac{1}{a^3\cos ^4\theta }$$

Ω

LT

∝

1

a
3

cos
4

θ

and by Eq. (38).
Tenecteplase Catheter‐Directed Thrombolytic Therapy in Submassive Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report
Authors: Ghaziri Dania , Bou Fakhreddine Hisham , Sawaya Fadi , Jaber Farah , Bou Akl Imad 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: In pulmonary embolism (PE), when used for catheter‐directed thrombolysis (CDT), low‐dose alteplase is associated with good outcomes. Tenecteplase has been only used as intravenous for this indication. In the context of our national economic crisis where alteplase was unavailable, we describe our experience with tenecteplase CDT.Case: A 73‐year‐old male, hypertensive and smoker with COPD, presented to the ED with intermediate high‐risk PE.(ED) with intermediate high‐risk PE. Heparin infusion was initiated. A few hours later, the patient developed atrial fibrillation (AF) for which amiodarone infusion was started. Also, a left femoral and popliteal vein thrombosis was also confirmed by the lower extremity duplex. As the patient remained dyspneic with unstable vital signs, the decision was to perform a CDT. In the absence of alteplase, tenecteplase was used at 0.5 mg/h over 30 h, for a total of 15 mg.Result: Twenty‐four hours after tenecteplase initiation, dyspnea and vital signs had significantly improved. Oxygen support was gradually dropping to finally stop. Being on concomitant heparin infusion, the patient had a mild blood oozing at the femoral vein site of entry; however, this did not require any transfusion or discontinuation of heparin. The patient regained his baseline physical and mental functions and was discharged on enoxaparin and amiodarone tablet.Discussion: This is the first experience describing the use of tenecteplase as part of CDT in a patient with acute intermediate high‐risk PE. The combination to therapeutic heparin infusion, already described in different clinical scenarios with intravenous tenecteplase, was safe and well toleratedConclusion: CDT with tenecteplase was, for the first time, safely and effectively used in an intermediate high‐risk PE patient. However, more studies are needed to confirm and establish these findings.