bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic inflexibility and protein lysine acetylation in heart mitochondria of a chronic model of Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Vadvalkar Shraddha S. , Baily C. Nathan , Matsuzaki Satoshi , West Melinda , Tesiram Yasvir A. , Humphries Kenneth M. 
Published: October 2012

Diabetic cardiomyopathy refers to the changes in contractility that occur to the diabetic heart that can arise in the absence of vascular disease. Mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits and increased free radical production are pathological hallmarks of diabetic cardiomyopathy, but the mechanisms and causal relationships between mitochondrial deficits and the progression of disease are not understood. We evaluated cardiac mitochondrial function in a rodent model of chronic Type 1 diabetes (OVE26 mice) before the onset of contractility deficits. We found that the most pronounced change in OVE26 heart mitochondria is severe metabolic inflexibility. This inflexibility is characterized by large deficits in mitochondrial respiration measured in the presence of non-fatty acid substrates. Metabolic inflexibility occurred concomitantly with decreased activities of PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase) and complex II. Hyper-acetylation of protein lysine was also observed. Treatment of control heart mitochondria with acetic anhydride (Ac2O), an acetylating agent, preferentially inhibited respiration by non-fatty acid substrates and increased superoxide production. We have concluded that metabolic inflexibility, induced by discrete enzymatic and molecular changes, including hyper-acetylation of protein lysine residues, precedes mitochondrial defects in a chronic rodent model of Type 1 diabetes.
Pulse-induced alternation from bipolar resistive switching to unipolar resistive switching in the Ag/AgOx/Mg0.2Zn0.8O/Pt device
Authors: Wei L L , Wang J , Chen Y S , Shang D S , Sun Z G , Shen B G , Sun J R 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Electric field-induced resistive switching (RS) and related effects are studied for the ZnO-based device Ag/AgO
x
/Mg0.2Zn0.8O/Pt. The system exhibits a bipolar resistive switching (BRS) for the current (I)–voltage (V) cycles, with the set/reset voltage distributing in a narrow region around 0.15 V/0.16 V. The high to low resistance ratio is ∼10, and the resistive state is well retainable. However, the RS becomes unipolar (unipolar resistive switching—URS) when electric pulses are applied, with a fairly wide distribution of the set/reset voltages, though the resistive state is still well retainable. It was further found that a backward transition from the URS to the BRS state can be occasionally triggered by simply performing I–V cycling in the negative branch, which shows the strong competition of the BRS and URS states. Both the BRS and URS states were stable and reproducible over 90 cycles. Possible mechanisms for the BRS and URS state and their mutual transition were discussed.
Improved surface-enhanced Raman scattering on arrays of gold quasi-3D nanoholes
Authors: Yue Weisheng , Yang Yang , Wang Zhihong , Han Jiaguang , Syed Ahad , Chen Longqing , Wong Kimchong , Wang Xianbin 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Arrays of gold quasi-3D nanoholes were proposed and fabricated as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). By detecting rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules, the gold quasi-3D nanoholes demonstrated an SERS intensity that was 25–62 times higher than that of two-dimensional nanoholes with the same geometrical shapes and periodicities. The larger SERS enhancement of the quasi-3D nanoholes is attributed to the enhanced electromagnetic field on the top-layer nanohole, the bottom nanodiscs and the field coupling between the two layers. In addition, the investigation of the shape dependence of the SERS on the quasi-3D nanoholes demonstrated that the quadratic, circular, triangular and rhombic holes exhibited different SERS properties. Numerical simulations of the electromagnetic properties on the nanostructures were performed with CST Microwave Studio, and the results agree with the experimental observations.
Partial regularity of 𝑝(𝑥)-harmonic maps
Authors: Ragusa Maria , Tachikawa Atsushi , Takabayashi Hiroshi 
Published: October 2012

Let

(

g

α
β

(
x
)
)

(g^{\alpha \beta }(x))

and

(

h

i
j

(
u
)
)

(h_{ij}(u))

be uniformly elliptic symmetric matrices, and assume that

h

i
j

(
u
)

h_{ij}(u)

and

p
(
x
)

(

≥
2
)

p(x) \, ( \, \geq 2)

are sufficiently smooth. We prove partial regularity of minimizers for the functional
\[

F

(
u
)
=

∫
Ω

(

g

α
β

(
x
)

h

i
j

(
u
)

D
α

u
i

D
β

u
j

)

p
(
x
)

/

2

d
x
,

{\mathcal F}(u) = \int _\Omega (g^{\alpha \beta }(x) h_{ij}(u) D_\alpha u^iD_\beta u^j)^{ p(x)/2} dx,

\]
under the nonstandard growth conditions of

p
(
x
)

p(x)

-type. If

g

α
β

(
x
)

g^{\alpha \beta }(x)

are in the class

V
M
O

VMO

, we have partial Hölder regularity. Moreover, if

g

α
β

g^{\alpha \beta }

are Hölder continuous, we can show partial

C

1
,
α

C^{1,\alpha }

-regularity.
The Political Economy of Deforestation in the Tropics*
Authors: Burgess Robin , Hansen Matthew , Olken Benjamin A. , Potapov Peter , Sieber Stefanie 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Tropical deforestation accounts for almost one-fifth of greenhouse gas emissions and threatens the world’s most diverse ecosystems. Much of this deforestation is driven by illegal logging. We use novel satellite data that tracks annual deforestation across eight years of Indonesian institutional change to examine how local officials’ incentives affect deforestation. Increases in the number of political jurisdictions lead to increased deforestation and lower timber prices, consistent with Cournot competition between jurisdictions. Illegal logging and local oil and gas rents are short-run substitutes, but this effect disappears over time with political turnover. The results illustrate how local officials’ incentives affect deforestation and show how standard economic theories can explain illegal behavior.
Shifting boundaries of care in Asia: an introduction
Authors: Zhang Yanxia , Jean Yeung Wei‐Jun. 
Published: October 2012

PurposeAsia's traditional experiences with care provision differ considerably from those of the West given the prevalent family‐based social norms about care and policies in this region. In recent decades, Asia has experienced profound social and demographic transformations and is thus faced with significant challenges around care. However, care in Asian countries is a relatively less studied topic. There is an urgent need for a comparative study on recent policy and practice changes in care for the elderly and young children in different regions of Asia. The purpose of this special issue is to examine complicated boundary shift in care provision and financing between the state, market, community and family in East, Southeast and South Asia and to explore the implications of these changes in care policies and practices for social stratification by class and gender in Asia.Design/methodology/approachThe introduction to this special issue gives an overview of the social and demographic transformations and new strains on care in Asia as a background and introduces the framework of welfare mix employed in this special issue, especially the concepts of social care and the welfare/care diamond.FindingsThe introduction summarizes the variations in regard to the governance and provision of care between different Asian countries and compares the differences in the state involvement between Asia and Europe.Originality/valueThe authors also discuss some of their contributions to methodological approaches and analytical frameworks in studying care and the implications of the current research for future studies.
Care expectations, mismatched: state and family in contemporary Singapore
Authors: Hsiao‐Li Sun Shirley 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate in the context of the persistent low fertility that contributes to an ageing society, what might be the shifting roles of state and family in caring for children?Design/methodology/approachThis paper aims to address this research question by drawing on the conceptual framework of “social care” (Daly and Lewis), and on data collected through a qualitative study concerning the state's population policies aimed at encouraging childbearing among citizens in Singapore.FindingsThree themes from the interview data relate to the various dimensions of care: first, in terms of care‐as‐responsibility, interviewees consider childbearing a long‐term commitment. In this context, they perceive the current Baby Bonus scheme only as a short‐term benefit, having limited effects. Second, regarding care‐as‐costs, interviewees pointed out that some important social services are not universally affordable. In particular, they expressed a need for more state funding to put education and healthcare within the reach of the general public. Third, in terms of care‐as‐labour, care‐giving for young children by family members continues to be seen as ideal. However, there is a gap between such an ideal and the reality.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings suggest a greater financial and regulatory role for the state in childcare provision is increasingly vital.Practical implicationsAs it stands, there is a mismatch of people's expectations and available policy initiatives, and this mismatch possibly undermines the success of the government's policy of encouraging childbearing.Originality/valueThis research complements existing studies based on content analysis of policy or statistical analysis of survey data.
Institutional care provisions for the aged in Sri Lanka and some reflections on issues of “care” and “company”
Authors: Risseeuw Carla 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to, within the specific Sri Lankan figures on ageing within South Asia (comparatively high longevity and high figures on intergenerational family‐living), look into the interpretations of social care and everyday social life in urban elder homes in Colombo. What does everyday social life look like and how are underlying meanings of care given shape? To highlight the taken for granted quality of much of everyday care, comparisons are made on the basis of earlier ethnographic research by Indian scholars on Dutch senior homes.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology relied on analysis of existing quantitative data on ageing in Sri Lanka and on research generated by the four‐year team‐study of which the author was part. Specific data in this article were collected through qualitative research by the author: regular visiting and participating in activities within certain selected homes in Colombo, over a period of four months. In addition survey data were collected on 55 senior homes in Colombo.FindingsAgainst a background of available statistical data on ageing; family and institutional care, qualitative research findings are provided on everyday life within the Colombo homes, Sri Lanka. What kind of care (“Araksha kerime”) is given and/or aimed for? The concept of “social care” (Daly and Lewis) is the starting point to understand how normative and social frameworks within which “care” is understood and undertaken. Cross cultural comparison with every‐day life in Dutch senior homes articulates the impact of taken for granted socio‐cultural similarities and differences embedded in the concept of “senior home” and its everyday life.Research limitations/implicationsThe four year research project by three main researchers (of which the author was one) resulted in a substantial data base and several publications. This specific qualitative section of research is based in an additional period of four months of regular visiting of five selected Colombo elder homes. Survey data were collected on another 55 senior homes.Social implicationsThe points made in the paper could be constructively discussed cross culturally and contribute to a debate on the taken for granted underlying socio‐cultural meanings within which universal definitions of – in this case – care within senior homes is pursued cross culturally. Money does not always make all the difference.Originality/valueThe article attempts to combine data from different disciplines and compare different socio‐cultural settings for old‐age care. This can shed a different light on the taken‐for‐granted elements in the shaping the social life in senior homes. For example, it becomes clear why the causes of loneliness and isolation among elders in a certain setting seem so “natural” within and so strange from beyond.
Economic growth, foreign direct investment and corruption in developed and developing countries
Authors: Freckleton Marie , Wright Allan , Craigwell Roland 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) and corruption.Design/methodology/approachData for 42 developing countries and 28 developed countries is analyzed using panel dynamic ordinary least squares.FindingsFDI has a significant influence on economic growth in both the short run and the long run for developing and developed countries. In the cases of the developing economies, lower levels of corruption enhance the impact that FDI has on economic growth.Originality/valueThe study links corruption to the impact of FDI on economic growth.
Performance pay and employee turnover
Authors: O'Halloran Patrick L. 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how various performance related pay (PRP) schemes influence employee turnover. It also tests whether profit sharing has a differential impact on turnover in comparison to other forms of PRP.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing a nationally representative longitudinal dataset of individuals, analysis begins with a parsimonious specification of the determinants of turnover and then progressively adds various sets of controls known to influence turnover decisions to observe how their inclusion influences PRP coefficients. Estimations employ both standard probits and panel data models.FindingsEmpirical evidence reveals a negative relationship between an aggregate measure of PRP and turnover. Disaggregating performance pay measures by type reveals a robust negative relationship between profit sharing and turnover. Although one would expect the influence of other PRP schemes to mimic that of profit sharing, evidence suggests otherwise.Research limitations/implicationsData lack information on how much earnings are based on PRP. Consequently, estimates may be biased when combining those who receive little earnings from PRP with those who receive substantial amounts of PRP into a single PRP measure.Practical implicationsAlthough PRP schemes are often introduced to improve incentives and productivity, profit sharing based on firm profitability may allow labor costs to vary with firm profits hence enhancing retention and reducing the incidence of unemployment during recession.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the literature and fulfils an identified need to study how other types of PRP besides profit sharing influence turnover.
Does conditional mutual fund outperformance exist?
Authors: Badrinath Swaminathan G. , Gubellini Stefano 
Published: October 2012

PurposeGlode provides theoretical and empirical evidence that, in aggregate, funds underperform during economic expansions and outperform during contractions. The authors find that this result is not robust to the more appropriate conditional CAPM and to alternative methods for estimating market states. The purpose of this paper is therefore to thoroughly analyze mutual fund performance across the business cycle by disaggregating funds into different investment objectives to determine which funds possess this cyclical performance and which do not.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors employ a conditional asset pricing model that better captures the variations in the pricing kernel in different economic states. The empirical model adjusts for time‐variation in both risk (beta) and performance (alpha). The authors specify economic states using an ex‐ante measure, the expected market risk premium. This measure is continuous and better captures changing economic circumstances than the ex‐post, binary NBER cycle dates that are common in the mutual fund literature.FindingsIn this conditional framework, the authors find that recession protection is only offered by certain types of equity mutual funds. Managers of small‐cap and mid‐cap growth equity funds are able to deliver such state‐dependent performance but managers of value funds do not. In a comparison of active mutual funds with passive counterparts, it is found that both the stocks held by the small‐cap managers as well as their stewardship of the portfolio contribute to that performance.Originality/valueDrawing from the recent asset pricing literature, the authors are the first to adapt an integrated conditional CAPM framework to examine the state‐dependent performance of mutual funds. Rather than report aggregate equity mutual fund performance, the authors provide an analysis for subsets of mutual funds separated by investment styles. Both managers of and investors in these funds will benefit from an understanding of how portfolio performance is impacted by changing economic conditions.
The limits of policy analytical capacity: Canadian financial regulatory reform
Authors: Williams Russell Alan 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to document Canadian financial services regulatory reform, illustrating how existing institutional fragmentation has undermined capacity to effectively learn from the global financial crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on government documents, public comments and interviews with key individuals in the reform process to document the different institutional responses to the crisis.FindingsThe case highlights concerns raised in the policy subsystems literature that the capacity for “learning”, even from events as significant as the financial crisis, can be undermined by poor institutional arrangements which create incentives for policymakers to support self interested and limited analysis.Practical implicationsThe case suggests that effective learning in a complex sector requires that there be a national regulator charged with broad independent analytical responsibilities to ensure that the industry is effectively regulated. Existing fragmentation of responsibilities, combined with the interests of the industry and the current government in deflecting new regulatory rules, has meant that existing government expertise has not been effectively deployed.Originality/valueThe paper offers an important corrective to the existing view of Canadian financial regulation and is a compelling illustration of how poor institutional arrangements and ambiguous jurisdictional responsibilities can impede effective policy capacity in relation to learning.
Public management in an age of complexity: regional economic development in Canada
Authors: Conteh Charles 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the opportunities and challenges of public policy governance in industrialized democracies in the context of a globally integrated economy on the one hand and institutional decentralization on the other. The implications of these transitions suggest the need for horizontal collaboration and coordination between policy stakeholders (domestic and international) as well as among agencies across various levels of government. The case of regional economic development policy governance in Canada over the past two decades illustrates some of the complexities of public, private and community partnerships in policy governance as the country seeks to maintain and enlarge its niche in the global economy.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through content analysis of policy and program documents relating to regional economic development in Canada, as well as in‐depth interviews of about 15 public officials directly involved in the administration of the policy.FindingsThe comparative analysis of regional economic development policy governance in two Canadian provinces over the past two decades illustrates some of the complexities of public, private and community partnerships in policy governance as the country seeks to maintain and enlarge its niche in the global economy.Originality/valueThe paper is based on an original research undertaken by the author and raises critical questions about the changing context of public management in an age of increasing globalization of economies and societies. It also addresses the distinct challenges of managing multi‐level systems in the face of the added complexities brought about by global integration.
Local economic development and cross‐border networks
Authors: Jesuit David K. , Sych Lawrence 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to apply a model of regional networks and governance to cross‐border cases for the purpose of identifying determinants that help local governments overcome barriers and promote interaction in border areas most susceptible to globalization realities, namely “old economy” manufacturing and industrial centers. It aims to draw together research from a variety of perspectives on regional networks and explore efforts by two local European communities and one local US community to respond to the challenges posed by the global economy by interviewing stakeholders in territories that have experienced significant deindustrialization.Design/methodology/approachInterviews were conducted with local, regional and central government officials, as well as private sector actors, in the Italian region of the Marches and in the countries of Luxembourg and the USA.FindingsThe study's preliminary findings show a range of networks across several arenas closely associated with economic development, but fail to show direct associations with economic development alone. The authors attribute this to the centrality of geographic space in development augmented by local competition and presence of the international border.Originality/valueThe authors conclude by identifying a set of determinants that will guide future research into local networking in cross‐border economic development and related arenas.
In the increasingly global economy, are borderland regions public management instruments?
Authors: Brunet‐Jailly Emmanuel 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe twenty‐first‐century globalizing economy and free trade regimes in Europe and North America transform regions and their economies. This paper aims to question, in comparative perspective with European experiences, whether free trade, and particularly continental economic integration in North America, impacts the economies, and leads to forms of transboundary governance. It then seeks to complement this discussion by a review of the perceptions public managers have of those developments.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on a review of the literature, public policy and individual interviews, and a survey of 700 private and public policy decision makers.FindingsThe evidence presented in this paper suggests that increased economic interdependence has led to the emergence of trans‐boundary governance. Public managers and policy‐makers view those as mechanisms that ease trade and public policy relations.Originality/valueContrary to broad assumption, North American trans‐boundary policy networks are helping trade relations and facilitate policy making.