bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc(II) Hexachloroantimonate‐Catalyzed Oxidative Allylation of Glycine Derivatives
Authors: Yoo Woo‐Jin , Tanoue Arata , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA well‐defined zinc antimonate salt was found to be an effective bifunctional catalyst that enables formal α‐CH bond functionalization of glycine derivatives via a sequential aerobic oxidation and allylation reaction.
Efficacy and safety of house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy in monosensitized and polysensitized children with respiratory allergic diseases
Authors: Li Peng , Li Qi , Huang Zhenghua , Chen Wenbo , Lu Yueqian , Tian Man 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundThe efficacy of single‐allergen‐specific immunotherapy in polysensitized subjects is a matter of debate. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of house dust mite (HDM) sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in monosensitized and polysensitized children.MethodsA total of 112 children, aged 4 to 13 years old, with HDM‐induced respiratory allergic diseases were allocated to a monosensitized group (n = 56) or a polysensitized group (n = 56). Both groups were treated by standard pharmacotherapy and SLIT with Dermatophagoides farinae (American HDM) extracts for 52 weeks. Symptoms, medications, visual analogue scale (VAS), and presence of adverse events (AEs) were assessed once a month. Skin‐prick test (SPT) was done before and after treatment. After treatment, subjects in the polysensitized group who completed the study were further analyzed as subgroup 1 (n = 20) and subgroup 2 (n = 15) according to the number of coexisting allergens.ResultsForty‐one subjects in the monosensitized group and 35 subjects in the polysensitized group completed the study. The global clinical parameters had significantly improved after treatment, with no significant difference between the monosensitized and polysensitized group throughout this period (all p > 0.05). The comparison among the monosensitized group, subgroup 1, and subgroup 2 indicated that there was no significant difference in symptoms scores and VAS at each scheduled follow‐up visit. There was also no significant difference in total medications score (TMS) in the monosensitized group, subgroup 1, and subgroup 2 after week 24 (all p > 0.05). No severe systemic AEs were reported.ConclusionNo significant difference was observed in the clinical effects of HDM SLIT between polysensitized and monosensitized children with respiratory allergic diseases.
Surface‐Confined Single‐Layer Covalent Organic Framework on Single‐Layer Graphene Grown on Copper Foil
Authors: Xu Lirong , Zhou Xin , Tian Wei Quan , Gao Teng , Zhang Yan Feng , Lei Shengbin , Liu Zhong Fan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe integration of 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with atomic thickness with graphene will lead to intriguing two‐dimensional materials. A surface‐confined covalently bonded Schiff base network was prepared on single‐layer graphene grown on copper foil and the dynamic reaction process was investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy. DFT simulations provide an understanding of the electronic structures and the interactions between the surface COF and graphene. Strong coupling between the surface COF and graphene was confirmed by the dispersive bands of the surface COF after interaction with graphene, and also by the experimental observation of tunneling condition dependent contrast of the surface COF.
Formation of Polydopamine Nanofibers with the Aid of Folic Acid
Authors: Yu Xiang , Fan Hailong , Wang Le , Jin Zhaoxia 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPolydopamine (PDA) generated by the oxidative self‐polymerization of dopamine shows great potential for surface modification. Observed PDA nanostructures are nanoparticles and thin films. The formation mechanism of PDA is still unclear; thus, the manipulation of PDA nanostructures is a big challenge. In this study, we first demonstrated that folic acid shows a dramatic effect on the PDA nanostructure: New aggregated nanostructures of PDA, nanobelts and nanofibers, were generated in a dopamine/folic acid system. We hypothesized that folic acid may be involved in the stacking of protomolecules of PDA by π–π interactions and hydrogen bonding. Herein we describe the first experimental strategy to manipulate the aggregation of PDA by using small molecules. This study not only provides a new method for generating PDA nanofibers, which are proposed bioorganic electronic materials, but also a possible way to understand the formation mechanism of PDA and its analogues in nature, melanins.
Regioselective Dihalohydration Reactions of Propargylic Alcohols: Gold‐Catalyzed and Noncatalyzed Reactions
Authors: D'Oyley Jarryl M. , Aliev Abil E. , Sheppard Tom D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe regioselective conversion of propargylic alcohols into previously unreported α,α‐diiodo‐β‐hydroxyketones was achieved by treatment with N‐iodosuccinimide in the presence of a gold catalyst. The corresponding α,α‐dichloro‐β‐hydroxyketones were obtained by treatment with trichloroisocyanuric acid in the absence of a catalyst. The latter reaction can be extended to other alkynols. These transformations can be used to prepare potentially useful halogenated building blocks. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction involves participation of the acetonitrile solvent in the formation of a 5‐halo‐1,3‐oxazine intermediate.
Polymerization of Tellurophene Derivatives by Microwave‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalyzed ipso‐Arylative Polymerization
Authors: Park Young S. , Wu Qin , Nam Chang‐Yong , Grubbs Robert B. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe report the synthesis of a tellurophene‐containing low‐bandgap polymer, PDPPTe2T, by microwave‐assisted palladium‐catalyzed ipso‐arylative polymerization of 2,5‐bis[(α‐hydroxy‐α,α‐diphenyl)methyl]tellurophene with a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) monomer. Compared with the corresponding thiophene analog, PDPPTe2T absorbs light of longer wavelengths and has a smaller bandgap. Bulk heterojunction solar cells prepared from PDPPTe2T and PC71BM show PCE values of up to 4.4 %. External quantum efficiency measurements show that PDPPTe2T produces photocurrent at wavelengths up to 1 µm. DFT calculations suggest that the atomic substitution from sulfur to tellurium increases electronic coupling to decrease the length of the carbon–carbon bonds between the tellurophene and thiophene rings, which results in the red‐shift in absorption upon substitution of tellurium for sulfur.
CH Functionalization/Asymmetric Michael Addition Cascade Enabled by Relay Catalysis: Metal Carbenoid Used for CC Bond Formation
Authors: Chen Dian‐Feng , Zhao Feng , Hu Yue , Gong Liu‐Zhu 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA combination of either ruthenium(II) or rhodium(II) complexes and quinine‐derived squaramide enables 3‐diazooxindoles, indoles, and nitroalkenes to undergo highly efficient asymmetric three‐component reactions, thus affording optically active 3,3′‐bis(indole)s through a consecutive CC bond‐forming sequence, which turned out to be applicable to the facile total synthesis of (−)‐folicanthine.
Recrystallization‐Induced Self‐Assembly for the Growth of Cu2O Superstructures
Authors: Shang Yang , Shao Yi‐Ming , Zhang Dong‐Feng , Guo Lin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe assembly of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) into 3D superstructures with defined morphologies is of particular interest. A novel strategy that is based on recrystallization‐induced self‐assembly (RISA) for the construction of 3D Cu2O superstructures and employs Cu2O mesoporous spheres with diameters of approximately 300 nm as the building blocks has now been developed. Balancing the hydrolysis and recrystallization rates of the CuCl precursors through precisely adjusting the experimental parameters was key to success. Furthermore, the geometry of the superstructures can be tuned to obtain either cubes or tetrahedra and was shown to be dependent on the growth behavior of bulk CuCl. The overall strategy extends the applicability of recrystallization‐based processes for the guided construction of assemblies and offers unique insights for assembling larger particles into complicated 3D superstructures.
Opposite Face Sensitivity of CeO2 in Hydrogenation and Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Vilé Gianvito , Colussi Sara , Krumeich Frank , Trovarelli Alessandro , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe determination of structure–performance relationships of ceria in heterogeneous reactions is enabled by the control of the crystal shape and morphology. Whereas the (100) surface, predominantly exposed in nanocubes, is optimal for CO oxidation, the (111) surface, prevalent in conventional polyhedral CeO2 particles, dominates in C2H2 hydrogenation. This result is attributed to the different oxygen vacancy chemistry on these facets. In contrast to oxidations, hydrogenations on CeO2 are favored over low‐vacancy surfaces owing to the key role of oxygen on the stabilization of reactive intermediates. The catalytic behavior after ageing at high temperature confirms the inverse face sensitivity of the two reaction families.
Platinum‐Free Binary Co‐Ni Alloy Counter Electrodes for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Xiaoxu , Tang Qunwei , He Benlin , Lin Lin , Yu Liangmin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted growing interest because of their application in renewable energy technologies in developing modern low‐carbon economies. However, the commercial application of DSSCs has been hindered by the high expenses of platinum (Pt) counter electrodes (CEs). Here we use Pt‐free binary Co‐Ni alloys synthesized by a mild hydrothermal strategy as CE materials in efficient DSSCs. As a result of the rapid charge transfer, good electrical conduction, and reasonable electrocatalysis, the power conversion efficiencies of Co‐Ni‐based DSSCs are higher than those of Pt‐only CEs, and the fabrication expense is markedly reduced. The DSSCs based on a CoNi0.25 alloy CE displays an impressive power conversion efficiency of 8.39 %, fast start‐up, multiple start/stop cycling, and good stability under extended irradiation.
Direct Observation of Dynamic Mechanical Regulation of DNA Condensation by Environmental Stimuli
Authors: Lee Amy , Karcz Adam , Akman Ryan , Zheng Tai , Kwon Sara , Chou Szu‐Ting , Sucayan Sarah , Tricoli Lucas J. , Hustedt Jason M. , Leng Qixin , Kahn Jason D. , Mixson A. James , Seog Joonil 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGene delivery is a promising way to treat hereditary diseases and cancer; however, there is little understanding of DNA:carrier complex mechanical properties, which may be critical for the protection and release of nucleic acids. We applied optical tweezers to directly measure single‐molecule mechanical properties of DNA condensed using 19‐mer poly‐L‐lysine (PLL) or branched histidine–lysine (HK) peptides. Force–extension profiles indicate that both carriers condense DNA actively, showing force plateaus during stretching and relaxation cycles. As the environment such as carrier concentration, pH, and the presence of zinc ions changes, DNA:HK complexes showed dynamically regulated mechanical properties at multiple force levels. The fundamental knowledge from this study can be applied to design a mechanically tailored complex which may enhance transfection efficiency by controlling the stability of the complex temporally and spatially.
Tautomerism in Neutral Histidine
Authors: Bermúdez Celina , Mata Santiago , Cabezas Carlos , Alonso José L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHistidine is an important natural amino acid, involved in many relevant biological processes, which, because of its physical properties, proved difficult to characterize experimentally in its neutral form. In this work, neutral histidine has been generated in the gas phase by laser ablation of solid samples and its NεH tautomeric form unraveled through its rotational spectrum. The quadrupole hyperfine structure, arising from the existing three 14N nuclei, constituted a site‐specifically probe for revealing the tautomeric form as well as the side chain configuration of this proteogenic amino acid.
An Aptamer Intrinsically Comprising 5‐Fluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine for Targeted Chemotherapy
Authors: Kruspe Sven , Hahn Ulrich 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAn aptamer specifically binding the interleukin‐6 receptor and intrinsically comprising multiple units of the nucleoside analogue 5‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine can exert a cytostatic effect direcly on certain cells presenting the receptor. Thus the modified aptamer fulfils the requirements for active drug targeting in an unprecedented manner. It can easily be synthesized in a single enzymatic step and it binds to a cell surface receptor that is conveyed into the lysosome. Upon degradation of the aptamer by intracellular nucleases the active drug is released within the targeted cells exclusively. In this way the aptamer acts as a prodrug meeting two major prerequisites of a drug delivery system: specific cell targeting and the controlled release of the drug triggered by an endogenous stimulus.
Dearomative Indole [5+2] Cycloaddition Reactions: Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Cyclohepta[b]indoles
Authors: Mei Guangjian , Yuan Hao , Gu Yueqing , Chen Wei , Chung Lung Wa , Li Chuang‐chuang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe first dearomative indole [5+2] cycloaddition reaction with an oxidopyrylium ylide resulted in efficient and diastereoselective construction of some highly functionalized and synthetically challenging oxacyclohepta[b]indoles. The protocol proceeds under very mild reaction conditions, thus enabling high functional‐group tolerance and unique endo selectivity.
Unexpected Synergy between Magnetic Iron Chains and Stacked B6 Rings in Nb6Fe1−xIr6+xB8
Authors: Mbarki Mohammed , St. Touzani Rachid , Fokwa Boniface P. T. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe synergistic combination of experiment and density functional theory has led to the discovery of the first ferromagnetic material, Nb6Fe1−xIr6+xB8, containing in its crystal structure iron chains embedded in stacked B6 rings. The strong ferromagnetic Fe–Fe interactions found in the iron chains induce an unexpected strengthening of the B–B interactions in the B6 rings. Beside these strong B–B interactions, strong interlayer metal–boron bonds (Ir–B and Nb–B) ensure the overall structural stability of this phase, while the magnetic Fe–Fe interactions are mainly responsible for the observed ferromagnetic ordering below TC=350 K.
Relative importance of chinook salmon abundance on resident killer whale population growth and viability
Authors: Vélez‐Espino L. Antonio , Ford John K.B. , Araujo H. Andres , Ellis Graeme , Parken Charles K. , Sharma Rishi 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Two distinct populations of resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the north‐eastern Pacific Ocean have been listed in Canada and the USA as being of conservation concern. One of the major threats recognized for these two populations is nutritional stress associated with prey abundance levels and availability.
The predominance of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the summer diets of both killer whale populations has been shown by recent studies, and correlations between indices of chinook salmon abundance and resident killer whale (RKW) vital rates have generated hypotheses about the potential for chinook salmon abundance to limit RKW population dynamics.
This study merges statistical inference derived from linkages between RKW vital rates (survival probability and fecundity rates) and chinook salmon abundance with demographic perturbation analysis and population viability analysis to address some of the pressing questions that have recently engaged the efforts of scientists and managers interested in: (1) the role of chinook salmon abundance in the population dynamics of RKW; and (2) how RKW population viability is expected to respond to changes in chinook mortality owing to harvest.
Numerous interactions between the abundance of chinook salmon aggregates and RKW vital rates were found and deemed to result from predator–prey dynamics. However, the results of this present analysis also indicated that the effects of these interactions on RKW population growth and viability are relatively small and/or uncertain and in need of further research.
Other factors (genetic, environmental and/or anthropogenic) could be at play limiting RKW population growth and possibly masking and confounding the detection of stronger interactions between RKW vital rates and chinook salmon abundance. Given the current state of information, it is highly uncertain whether the allocation of chinook salmon resources for RKW would be an effective management action in RKW recovery plans.
© 2014 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Ecohydrology © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of a Reduced Graphene Oxide Wrapped Lithium‐Rich Cathode Material by Self‐Assembly
Authors: Lim Sung Nam , Ahn Wook , Yeon Sun‐Hwa , Park Seung Bin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA lithium‐rich cathode material wrapped in sheets of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and functionalized with polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) was prepared by self‐assembly induced from the electrostatic interaction between PDDA–RGO and the Li‐rich cathode material. At current densities of 1000 and 2000 mA g−1, the PDDA–RGO sheet wrapped samples demonstrated increased discharge capacities, increasing from 125 to 155 mA h g−1 and from 82 to 124 mA h g−1, respectively. The decreased resistance implied by this result was confirmed from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results, wherein the charge‐transfer resistance of the pristine sample decreased after wrapping with the PDDA–RGO sheets. The PDDA–RGO sheets served as a protective layer sand as a conductive material, which resulted in an improvement in the retention capacity from 56 to 81 % after 90 cycles.
Facile and Scalable Synthesis of Silicon‐Based Nanocomposites with Slitlike Nanopores: A Solid‐State Exfoliation Reaction Using Layered CaSi2
Authors: Oh Song‐Yul , Imagawa Haruo , Itahara Hiroshi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSilicon‐based nanocomposites with slitlike nanopores were prepared by heating a mixture of layered CaSi2 and NiCl2. The formation mechanism is based on a solid‐state exfoliation reaction wherein the formation of CaCl2 promotes the extraction of Ca from CaSi2, thereby exfoliating the layered structure. The nanocomposites showed anode capacity for lithium ion batteries up to 804 mA h g−1.
Controlled Dynamic Helicity of a Folded Macrocycle Based on a Bisterephthalamide with a Twofold Z‐Shaped Structure
Authors: Katoono Ryo , Kusaka Keiichi , Fujiwara Kenshu , Suzuki Takanori 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDynamic helicity in a folded macrocycle and control of the helical preference are described. We designed macrocycle 1 with a dual mode of folding through the integration of two flexible units that are arranged twice to form a cyclic structure. As a folding unit, we used a terephthalamide skeleton and a Z‐shaped hydrocarbon: the former acted as a control unit to induce a preference of a particular sense of dynamic helicity and the latter was just a spacer. A terephthalamide unit provided a binding site for capturing a ditopic hydrogen‐bonding guest when it adopted helically folded syn forms (M/P). Thus, only the terephthalamide unit controlled the helical sense of dynamic helicity in a folded macrocycle through the supramolecular transmission of chirality upon complexation with a chiral ditopic guest. In addition, chirality on a host could also contribute to the control of the helical preference in a folded macrocycle, which led to exceptionally enhanced chiroptical signals.
Active Disturbance Rejection Control System Design for a Morphing Wing Structure
Authors: Shi Rongqi , Song Jianmei , Wan Weiyu 
Published: August 2014

AbstractControl system design for a morphing wing structure, which is proposed by NextGen Aeronautics, Inc., is investigated in this paper. The dynamic model of the morphing wing, developed based on the Euler‐Lagrange equation, is nonlinear, multivariable coupled, over‐actuated and uncertain. The allocation‐decoupling controller is designed based on control efficiency and decoupling matrices. For each decoupled subsystem, nonlinear and linear active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) systems are designed and compared. The time‐optimal property and the convergence of nonlinear ADRC are analyzed theoretically based on the isochronic region and Lyapunov theories. The simulation results of the developed control systems show satisfactory performances of decoupling and extreme tolerance of internal uncertainty and external disturbance. The comparison of nonlinear and linear ADRC systems demonstrate that the nonlinear system can provide a little better performance while the linear system can greatly simplify the design procedure. The results indicate that, the methods of control system design proposed in this paper are practical and effective for motion control of complex uncertain dynamical systems.
Dimerization of 30Kc19 protein in the presence of amphiphilic moiety and importance of Cys‐57 during cell penetration
Authors: Park Hee Ho , Sohn Youngsoo , Yeo Ji Woo , Park Ju Hyun , Lee Hong Jai , Ryu Jina , Rhee Won Jong , Park Tai Hyun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRecently, the recombinant 30Kc19 protein, originating from silkworm hemolymph of Bombyx mori has attracted attention due to its cell‐penetrating property and potential application as a protein delivery system. However, this observation of penetration across cell membrane has raised questions concerning the interaction of the protein‐lipid bilayer. Here, we report a dimerization propensity of the 30Kc19 protein in the presence of amphiphilic moieties; sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or phospholipid. Native PAGE showed that the 30Kc19 monomer formed a dimer when SDS or phospholipid was present. In the glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) pull‐down assay, supplementation of the 30Kc19 protein to mammalian cell culture medium showed dimerization and penetration; due to phospholipids at the cell membrane, the main components of the lipid bilayer. Mutagenesis was performed, and penetration was observed by 30Kc19 C76A and not 30Kc19 C57A, which meant that the presence of cysteine at position 57 (Cys‐57) is involved in dimerization of the 30Kc19 at the cell membrane during penetration. We anticipate application of the native 30Kc19 protein with high cell‐penetrating efficiency for delivery of cargos to various cell types. The intracellular cargo delivery using the 30Kc19 protein is a non‐virus derived (e.g. TAT) delivery method, which can open up new approaches for the delivery of therapeutics in bioindustries, such as pharma‐ and cosmeceuticals.