bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social sustainability and urban mobility: shifting to a socially responsible pro-poor perspective
Authors: Grieco Margaret 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to describe global trends and policy responses with respect to the social sustainability of urban mobility which, put simply, refers to whether the benefits and costs of transport and travel services (mobility) and the spatial organisation of facilities and services (accessibility) are equally and equitably distributed in a society or community. Considering urban transport provision from a social sustainability framework raises critical issues of policy goals and purpose, not least of which is the consideration that policies aimed at stemming or reducing urban mobility should not accentuate existing inequities and inequalities in accessibility. It also raises issues of reshaping urban decision-making structures to better integrate the end-user, where the end-user includes both those who are presently included in mobility and accessibility provision and, most importantly, those who are presently and have been previously excluded.

Design/methodology/approach
– Comprehensive research into the global policy literature and urban practice around socially sustainable urban mobility under the auspices of an international agency.

Findings
– The databases and methodologies around social sustainability have not been sufficiently developed to permit ready operationalisation. The use of electronic technology and user feedback – which such technology makes possible – has not been adequately harnessed to develop the necessary methodologies for the measurement of social sustainability with respect to urban mobility.

Research limitations/implications
– The development of improved social sustainability methodologies will increase the probability of the building of pro-poor infrastructure.

Practical implications
– The development of improved social sustainability methodologies will proved improved frameworks for evaluating the social responsibility of transport options.

Social implications
– The development of participatory methodologies and evaluatory frameworks will lead towards more cohesive and better integrated cities, that is more socially sustainable cities.

Originality/value
– This paper makes the case that the participatory research necessary to the evaluation of transport projects, schemes and networks as socially sustainable has not yet been undertaken. It brings together a set of global evidence to make the case that current discussions of the social sustainability currently take place in an evidence and policy vacuum.
Consumers as employees: the impact of social responsibility on quality of work life among Australian engineers
Authors: Arndt Aaron D , Singhapakdi Anusorn , Tam Vivian 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to investigate whether consumer values influence work-related attitudes. Employees often feel conflict among different aspects of their lives. Although most extant research has focused on the effect of family values on work attitudes, we investigate whether a fit between employees’ socially responsible consumption orientation (SRCO) and firm corporate social responsibility (CSR) influences employee higher-order quality of work life.

Design/methodology/approach
– Survey data from 112 members of an engineering association in Australia.

Findings
– The results show that employees’ consumer life roles can influence their work-related perceptions. However, contrary to expectations, the positive influence of CSR on higher-order quality of work life is weaker for employees who are more socially responsible consumers.

Research limitations/implications
– Further research should examine other industry contexts and cultures. Also, because the SRCO construct is very broad, further research should examine specific social issues.

Practical implications
– CSR can be an important strategy for retaining employees, even those with lower SRCO.

Originality/value
– This research shows that customer values influence important work-related attitudes, such as higher-order quality of work life and organizational commitment. Furthermore, we show that “fit” between consumption orientation responsibility and firm CSR does not necessarily enhance work-related attitudes because employees high in SRCO likely hold the firm to a different standard of social responsibility.
Haemoconcentration of residual cardiopulmonary bypass blood using Hemosep®: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hogan M. , Needham A. , Ortmann E. , Bottrill F. , Collier T. J. , Besser M. W. , Klein A. A. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryCardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass are associated with haemodilution, activation of haemostasis and blood transfusion. We undertook a randomised controlled trial that included 53 patients in order to compare autotransfusion of residual cardiopulmonary bypass blood with residual blood concentrated using the novel Hemosep® device. There was no difference in patients' mean (SD) haemoglobin concentration after autotransfusion of unprocessed blood compared with Hemosep; 103.5 (10.2) g.l−1 vs 106.2 (12.4) g.l−1, respectively, p = 0.40. The mean (SD) change in haemoglobin concentration after autotransfusion was 5.9 (5.3) g.l−1 in the control group compared with 4.9 (6.3) g.l−1 in the Hemosep group, p = 0.545. Adjusted for baseline haemoglobin concentrations, the estimated mean (95% CI) difference in change in haemoglobin concentration (control vs Hemosep) was 0.57 (−2.65 to 3.79) g.l−1, p = 0.72. This was despite Hemosep's reducing the weight of the blood from a mean (SD) of 778.7 (243.0) g to 607.3 (248.2) g, p < 0.001. The haemoglobin concentration in the processed blood increased from a mean (SD) of 87.0 (15.1) g.l−1 to 103.7 (17.4) g.l−1, p < 0.001. We conclude that Hemosep is capable of haemoconcentration when employed to process residual cardiopulmonary bypass blood, but that this is insufficient to increase patient haemoglobin.
CD11c+ macrophages and levels of TNF-α and MMP-3 are increased in synovial and adipose tissues of osteoarthritic mice with hyperlipidaemia
Authors: Uchida K , Satoh M , Inoue G , Onuma K , Miyagi M , Iwabuchi K , Takaso M 
Published: February 2015

Summary
To understand more clearly the link between osteoarthritis and hyperlipidaemia, we investigated the inflammatory macrophage subsets and macrophage-regulated matrix metalloprotease-3 (MMP-3) and A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS4) in synovial (ST) and adipose tissues (AT) of osteoarthritic mice with hyperlipidaemia (STR/Ort). CD11c+F4/80+CD11b+ macrophage populations in the ST and AT of 9-month-old STR/Ort and C57BL/6J mice were characterized and compared by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. Expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, MMP-3 and ADAMTS4, and the response of these factors to anionic liposomal clodronate induced-macrophage depletion were also evaluated by real-time PCR. Expression of TNF-α in CD11c+ cells, which were isolated by magnetic beads, was compared to CD11c– cells. In addition, the effect of TNF-α on cultured synovial fibroblasts and adipocytes was investigated. CD11c+F4/80+CD11b+ macrophages were increased in ST and AT of STR/Ort mice. The CD11c+ cell fraction highly expressed TNF-α. Expression of TNF-α and MMP3 was increased in ST and AT, and was decreased upon macrophage depletion. TNF-α treatment of cultured synovial fibroblasts and adipocytes markedly up-regulated MMP-3. CD11c+F4/80+CD11b+ macrophages were identified as a common inflammatory subset in the AT and ST of STR/Ort mice with hyperlipidaemia. The induction of inflammation in AT and ST may be part of a common mechanism that regulates MMP3 expression through TNF-α. Our findings suggest that increased numbers of CD11c+ macrophages and elevated levels of TNF-α and MMP-3 in AT and ST may explain the relationship between hyperlipidaemia and OA.
The association between serum dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate (DHEA‐S) level and bone mineral density in Korean men
Authors: Lee Dain , Kim Hyeonmok , Ahn Seong Hee , Lee Seung Hun , Bae Sung Jin , Kim Eun Hee , Kim Hong‐Kyu , Choe Jae Won , Kim Beom‐Jun , Koh Jung‐Min 
Published: February 2015

SummaryContextMany lines of evidence indicate that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) plays a distinct role in bone metabolism and that its sulphated form (DHEA‐S), which is easily measured in blood, may be a potential biomarker of osteoporosis‐related phenotypes. However, most previous epidemiologic studies focused on postmenopausal women and reported conflicting results.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association between the serum DHEA‐S level and bone mass in men.Design and MethodsThis large cross‐sectional study included 1089 healthy Korean men who participated in a routine health screening examination. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, total femur, femur neck, and trochanter and serum DHEA‐S level were obtained in all subjects.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, body mass index, lifestyle factors and serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, testosterone, 25‐OH‐vitamin D3 and cortisol, higher serum DHEA‐S concentrations were associated with higher BMD values at all skeletal sites. Consistently, compared to the subjects in the highest DHEA‐S quartile (Q4), those in the lowest DHEA‐S quartile (Q1) showed significantly lower BMD values. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the odds ratios for the risk of lower BMD (T‐score <−1) increased in a dose‐dependent manner across decreasing DHEA‐S quartiles and the odds for the risk of lower BMD were 2·59‐fold higher in Q1 than in Q4.ConclusionThese findings support previous evidences that DHEA‐S has favourable effects on bone mass in men and suggest that a low serum DHEA‐S level may be a potential risk factor for male osteoporosis.
What assessments evaluate use of hands in infants? A literature review
Authors: Krumlinde‐Sundholm Lena , Ek Linda , Eliasson Ann‐Christin 
Published: February 2015

AimTo identify assessments, applicable to infants aged 3 months to 12 months, measuring hand function, and to discuss their usefulness in assessing infants at risk of developing unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).MethodInstruments described in two previous systematic reviews were scrutinized for inclusion of fine motor components. Additionally, a new literature search was performed in Medline, PsychInfo, PubMed, and Cinahl (2007–2013) to identify newly developed assessments of infant motor functioning.ResultsFive assessments from the two previous systematic reviews included fine motor components but only three provided separate measures of fine motor performance: the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales – version 2 (PDMS‐2), the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development – version III, and the Posture and Fine Motor Assessment of Infants, each of which provided measures of the preferred hand only. From 531 papers retrieved, 10 new assessments were found, three of which met our inclusion criteria: the Infant Motor Profile (IMP), the Grasping and Reaching Assessment of Brisbane (GRAB), and the Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI). Only the GRAB and the HAI provide measures relevant for assessing infants at risk of developing unilateral cerebral palsy; however, both measures are still under construction.InterpretationNo currently available assessment for infants aged 3 to 12 months old measures aspects of hand function suitable for quantifying asymmetry between hands or quality of bimanual performance.
Inhibition of misleading heuristics as a core mechanism for typical cognitive development: evidence from behavioural and brain‐imaging studies
Authors: Borst Grégoire , Aïte Ania , Houdé Olivier 
Published: February 2015

Cognitive development is generally conceived as incremental with knowledge of increasing complexity acquired throughout childhood and adolescence. However, several studies have now demonstrated not only that infants possess complex cognitive abilities but also that older children, adolescents, and adults tend to make systematic errors even in simple logical reasoning tasks. Therefore, one of the main issues for any theory of typical cognitive development is to provide an explanation of why at some age and in some contexts children, adolescents, and adults do not express a knowledge or cognitive principle that they already acquired when they were younger. In this review, we present convergent behavioural and neurocognitive evidence that cognitive development is more similar to a non‐linear dynamic system than to a linear, stage‐like system. In this theoretical framework, errors can emerge in problems similar to the ones infants or young children were succeeding when older children, adolescents, and adults rely on a misleading heuristic rather than on the correct logical algorithm to solve such problems. And the core mechanism for overcoming these errors is inhibitory control (i.e. the ability to inhibit the misleading heuristics). Therefore, typical cognitive development relies not only on the ability to acquire knowledge of incremental complexity but also to inhibit previously acquired knowledge.
Automated emotion recognition employing a novel modified binary quantum‐behaved gravitational search algorithm with differential mutation
Authors: Chakraborti Tapabrata , Chatterjee Amitava , Halder Anisha , Konar Amit 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe present paper proposes a supervised learning based automated human facial emotion recognition strategy with a feature selection scheme employing a novel variation of the gravitational search algorithm (GSA). The initial feature set is generated from the facial images by using the 2‐D discrete cosine transform (DCT) and then the proposed modified binary quantum GSA with differential mutation (MBQGSA‐DM) is utilized to select a sub‐set of features with high discriminative power. This is achieved by minimising the cost function formulated as the ratio of the within class and interclass distances. The overall system performs its final classification task based on selected feature inputs, utilising a back propagation based artificial neural network (ANN). Extensive experimental evaluations are carried out utilising a standard, benchmark emotion database, that is, Japanese Female Facial Expresssion (JAFFE) database and the results clearly indicate that the proposed method outperforms several existing techniques, already known in literature for solving similar problems. Further validation has also been carried out on a facial expression database developed at Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India and the results obtained further strengthen the notion of superiority of the proposed method.
Changes in Stepparents' Coparenting and Parenting Following Participation in a Community‐Based Relationship Education Program
Authors: Garneau Chelsea L. , Adler‐Baeder Francesca 
Published: February 2015

Studies of coparents typically center on the relationship between parents who share a biological child; limited attention in research on community‐based programs is given to the coparenting relationship within a stepfamily, even though clinicians note the challenges inherent in this relationship. We examined changes in coparenting agreement, parenting efficacy, and parental involvement for 96 stepparents following participation in a coparenting‐focused community education program. A significant main effect of time was found for improvement in coparenting agreement, yet a significant time × gender interaction effect suggests that this is driven by improvements for stepmothers only. Parenting efficacy improved, regardless of gender, race, residence, or curriculum. A significant time × race interaction effect on change in parental involvement indicates increases in parental involvement for European American participants only. Finally, increases in coparenting agreement were associated with increases in parenting efficacy, and increases in parenting efficacy were associated with increases in parental involvement.
Benefit of cystatin C in evaluation of renal function and prediction of survival in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Adachi Meguru , Tanaka Atsushi , Aiso Mitsuhiko , Takamori Yoriyuki , Takikawa Hajime 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimThe assessment of renal function is of vital importance in management of patients with cirrhosis. While serum creatinine (Cr) is routinely used for this purpose, Cr‐based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) does not reflect true renal function because of muscle wasting and impaired liver function. By contrast, cystatin C (CysC) is unrelated to muscle volume and liver function. In this study, we examined whether CysC‐based GFR estimation is beneficial in assessment of renal function in patients with cirrhosis.MethodsFirst, we assessed the performance of GFR‐predicting equations based on serum Cr or CysC in 14 patients with cirrhosis, by comparison with inulin clearance as a gold standard of GFR (measured GFR [mGFR]). Next, in 49 patients with cirrhosis, we examined serum Cr and CysC at baseline, and examined which GFR‐predicting equations were more suitable for predicting the outcome.ResultsIn the first experiment, mGFR was 54.3 ± 23.0 mL/min, and CysC‐based GFR‐estimating equations had better performances compared with Cr‐based equations in terms of bias, precision and accuracy. Cr‐based estimated GFR (eGFRcreat) was significantly different from mGFR (P < 0.05). In the follow‐up study of 49 patients (observational period, 30.7 ± 32.0 months), multivariate analysis demonstrated that CysC‐based estimated GFR (eGFRcys), along with albumin, Child–Pugh grade and presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, was independently associated with overall survival (odds ratio, 4.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.44–12.2, P = 0.009).ConclusionThese results suggest that eGFRcys could estimate renal function and predict outcome more accurately compared with Cr‐based eGFR in cirrhotic patients.
A comparative study to evaluate the effect of limited access dressing (LAD) on burn wound healing
Authors: Honnegowda Thittamaranahalli M , Kumar Pramod , Padmanabha Udupa Echalasara G , Sharan Anurag , Singh Rekha , Prasad Hemanth K , Rao Pragna 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBiochemical and histopathological analyses are commonly used objective parameters in research and clinical fields to assess the healing status of burn wounds. In this study, the effect of newer intermittent negative‐pressure wound therapy in combination with moist environment [limited access dressing (LAD)] on burn wound healing is studied. Various biochemical parameters like hydroxyproline, hexosamine and total protein, and antioxidants like reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and oxidative biomarker malondialdhyde (MDA) were measured in the granulation tissue. Histopathologically, necrotic tissue, amount of inflammatory infiltrate, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix deposition (ECM) were studied to determine wound healing. A total of 55 patients were divided into two groups as follows: LAD group (n = 28) and conventional dressing group (n = 27). Patients treated with LAD have shown significant increase in the mean levels of (±SD) hydroxyproline (75·2 ± 26·30 versus 27·8 ± 15·5; P = 0·010), hexosamine (9·0 ± 1·99 versus 8·0 ± 1·18; P = 0·038), total protein (15·6 ± 8·23 versus 10·26 ± 4·94; P = 0·003), GSH (7·40 ± 1·91 versus 5·1 ± 1·28; P = 0·037), GPx (112·6 ± 46·4 versus 92 ± 32·4; P = 0·016), and decrease in MDA (6·5 ± 2·24 versus 1 0·6 ± 3·8; P = 0·002). Histopathologically, between LAD and conventional dressing groups, there was a significant difference after 10 days of treatment (mean±SE) in necrotic tissue of (LAD versus conventional dressing groups = 10 ± 1·8 versus 11·9 ± 2·6; P = 0·033), inflammatory cells (8·4 ± 1·9 versus 13 ± 3·46; P = 0·021), new blood vessels (12·5 ± 2·87 versus 9·4 ± 1·7; P = 0·047), ECM deposit (12·9 ± 2·41 versus 9·68 ± 1·3; P = 0·018) and showed comparatively fewer inflammatory cells, increased and well‐organised extracellular matrix deposit, more angiogenesis in LAD group as compared with that in conventional dressing group. To conclude, LAD exerts its beneficial effects on wound healing by reducing oxidative stress, decreasing necrotic tissue and amount of inflammatory infiltrate, and increasing ECM deposition and angiogenesis.
Interpolating SRTM Elevation Data to Higher Resolution to Improve Hydrologic Analysis
Authors: Her Younggu , Heatwole Conrad D. , Kang Moon S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) has been a valuable resource for hydrological analysis, providing elevation data at a consistent resolution on a near‐global scale. However, its resolution (three arc‐second or 90 m) is sometimes too low to obtain the desired level of accuracy and precision for hydrologic analysis. We evaluated the performance of several methods for interpolating SRTM three arc‐second data to a 30‐m resolution grid to better represent topography and derive terrain characteristics of the landscape. STRM data were interpolated to 30‐m DEMs on a common grid using spline, inverse distance weighting (IDW), kriging (KR), natural neighbor methods, and cubic convolution (CC) resampling. Accuracy of the methods was assessed by comparing interpolated and resampled 30‐m grids with the reference data. Slope, aspect, sinks, and stream networks were derived for the 30‐m grids and compared on a cell‐by‐cell basis to evaluate their performance in reproducing the derivatives. The comparisons identify spline and KR as the most accurate interpolation methods, of which spline is preferred because of its relative simplicity. IDW provided the greatest bias in all methods with artifacts evident in slope and aspect maps. The performance of CC projection directly to a 30‐m resolution was comparable to spline interpolation, thus is recommended as the most convenient method for interpolating SRTM to a higher resolution.
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring to Assess the White‐Coat Effect in an Elderly East African Population
Authors: Ivy Ashleigh , Tam Jonathan , Dewhurst Matthew J. , Gray William K. , Chaote Paul , Rogathi Jane , Dewhurst Felicity , Walker Richard W. 
Published: February 2015

The authors hypothesized that published hypertension rates in Tanzania were influenced by the physiological response of individuals to blood pressure (BP) testing, known as the white‐coat effect (WCE). To test this, a representative sample of 79 participants from a baseline cohort of 2322 people aged 70 years and older were followed to assess BP using conventional BP measurement (CBPM) and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). There was a significant difference between daytime ABPM and CBPM for both systolic BP (mean difference 29.7 mm Hg) and diastolic BP (mean difference 7.4 mm Hg). Rates of hypertension were significantly lower when measured by 24‐hour ABPM (55.7%) than by CBPM (78.4%). The WCE was observed in 54 participants (68.4%). The WCE was responsible for an increase in recorded BP. Accurate identification of individuals in need of antihypertensive medication is important if resources are to be used efficiently, especially in resource‐poor settings.
Pontine Tegmental Cap Dysplasia: MR Evaluation of Vestibulocochlear Neuropathy
Authors: Singh Dalveer , Hsu Charlie Chia‐Tsong , Kwan Gigi Nga Chi , Korah Ipeson 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTPontine tegmental cap dysplasia (PTCD) is recently recognized as a rare congenital brain stem malformation with typical neuroimaging hallmarks of ventral pontine hypoplasia and vaulted pontine tegmentum projecting into the fourth ventricle. PTCD patients also demonstrate variable cranial neuropathy with predilection for involvement of the vestibulocochlear and facial nerves. We present a case of PTCD diagnosed on MRI in the neonatal period. During early infancy, the patient displayed features of multiple cranial neuropathies and bilateral hearing loss. At the age of 2, the patient underwent further MRI assessment with dedicated high resolution T2 SPACE sequence to delineate the cranial nerve deficiencies.