bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into the Potential Antiviral Properties of the Genus Clerodendrum: Bioactive compounds with Mechanism of Action
Authors: Bhattacharyya Shubham , Hore Mayukh , Roy Subhrajyoti 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Antiviral compounds from plant origin have been the focus of researchers
throughout the world for a long time as the potential alternative to classical antiviral therapies.
The search for antiviral phytochemicals comes into the limelight amidst the recent COVID-
19 pandemic. This tremendous surge in the hunt for effective and alternative treatment from the
plant source is mainly due to the toxicity and inadequate responses of synthetic antiviral drugs
to resistant viral strains.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature survey on the antiviral activity of bioactive compounds
from the genus Clerodendrum was conducted using known and widely acknowledged scientific
databases.

Results:
This in-depth review is prepared to shed light on the promising effect of the bioactive
phytochemicals isolated from different Clerodendrum spp. against some of the most pathogenically
relevant viruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-
2), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Influenza Virus, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Herpes
Simplex Virus (HSV), Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), Dengue Virus (DENV), and
Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV). Bioactive compounds such as ursolic acid, sugiol, and quercetin
are reported to prevent virus-host cell adhesion. Harpagide is found to reduce intracellular Ca2+
and mitochondrial stress in infected cells, preventing viral infection. Researchers reported the
efficacy of β-sitosterol in inhibiting immune responses via RIG-I signalling and IFN production.
Rengyolone is found to mitigate viral infection by preventing acute inflammation. Betulinic acid,
tricin, and oleanolic acid are found to prevent IAV and HIV replication. Evidence has also suggested
the possible action of kaempferol, acacetin and apigenin to inhibit mRNA and protein
production in virus-infected cells.

Conclusion:
Future research should be oriented towards the isolation and quantitation of these
bioactive compounds from Clerodendrum spp., along with their efficacy both in vitro and in
vivo prior to their clinical applications in combating a variety of viral infections.
Evaluation of Anti-Depressant Potential of Standardized Hydroethanolic Extract of S. barbata D. Don Using Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model
Authors: Pannu Arzoo , Goyal Ramesh K. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
S. barbata D. Don is a Chinese herb, that belongs to the family Lami-aceae. It has established traditional use in ethnomedicine for treating various ailments, includ-ing mood disorders and sleep disorders, which led to growing interest in exploring its neuro-logical potential, particularly as a potential anti-depressant agent.

Aims:
This study explores the anti-depressant potential of the HSBE utilizing a Chronic Un-predictable Mild Stress-induced depression model in mice. Additionally, the research aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action.

Methods:
Swiss albino mice were subjected to a 3-week CUMS paradigm and subsequently administered HSBE at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg via oral administration. The behavioral alterations were evaluated using the FST, TST, OFT, and SPT. Brain levels of serotonin, dopa-mine, and nor-epinephrine were estimated in different brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus) to uncover the molecular mechanism. Additionally, assays for monoamine oxi-dase-A, monoamine oxidase-B, and antioxidant enzyme activities were conducted. Plasma ni-trite and corticosterone levels were also measured to get further insight into potential mecha-nisms underlying the anti-depressant effects of HSBE.

Results:
HSBE significantly ameliorated depressive-like behavior induced by CUMS para-digm, as evidenced by reduced immobility in FST and TST, increased locomotor activity in OFT, and improved sucrose preference in SPT. Neurochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine levels in the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of HSBE-treated mice, implying a potential regulation of monoaminergic neuro-transmitter levels. Moreover, biochemical analyses demonstrated a significant inhibition of both MAO-A and MAO-B activity, contributing to the increase of the brain levels of neuro-transmitters. The administration of HSBE also led to a significant enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced brain lipid peroxidation, indicating a pronounced antioxidant effect of HSBE. Furthermore, decreased plasma nitrite and corticosterone levels provided ad-ditional insights into HSBE's potential multi-targeted anti-depressant mechanism.

Conclusion:
This study indicates that HSBE exhibits robust anti-depressant properties, sup-ported by behavioral, neurochemical, and biochemical alterations. These findings underscore the therapeutic promise of HSBE as a natural intervention for depressive disorders, warranting further clinical exploration.
Risk Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metal Exposure through Medicinal Herbs in the Indian State of West Bengal
Authors: Hazra Avijit , Hazra Alok Kumar , Jana Swapan Kumar , Sur Tapas Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Background:
More than 80% of the world's population uses herbal remedies in some form. Heavy metal contamination and the attendant health risks of Indian herbal medicines are not adequately documented.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the health risks associated with four common heavy metal contaminants, namely lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury, present in raw medicinal herbs cultivated or growing wild in the West Bengal state of India.

Methods:
A total of 197 raw herbs obtained from herbal medicine practitioners or wild plant col-lectors from 16 districts spread across 3 geographical zones (south, central, north) of West Bengal were analyzed. In accordance with AOAC specifications, all samples were dried in a hot air oven, ground into a coarse powder, and then processed and analyzed for heavy metals through atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean concentrations were estimated along with standard devia-tions, overall, zone-wise, and according to the botanical part tested. The standardized human health risk indices were calculated from the results.

Results:
Significant amounts of heavy metals were found in the herb samples analyzed in the order: lead in 150 samples (76.1%), arsenic in 84 (42.6%), cadmium in 77 (39%), and mercury in 47 (23.8%). Central zone samples had the highest concentrations of lead (10.06 μg/g), arsenic (0.62 μg/g), and cadmium (0.54 μg/g), while the greatest amount of mercury (0.08 μg/g) was obtained in herbs from South zone. There were also considerable variations with respect to the source of the botanical part. Lead and cadmium concentrations showed a significant positive cor-relation (r = 0.588). Although risk assessment using standardized measures indicated some risk, the human Hazard Index (HI) was less than 1 for all metals, indicating that it was mostly safe to use the herbs in the short-term. However, the risk of health issues from prolonged use still re-mains.

Conclusion:
Significant contaminations were identified, but exposure would mostly be within acceptable risk levels at present. However, since risk would be cumulative over time, programs need to be in place to monitor pharmaceutical herb safety, identify local sources of pollution, and take appropriate remedial action.
Revolutionizing Brain Drug Delivery: Buccal Transferosomes on the Verge of a Breakthrough
Authors: Chandrasekhar Pavuluri , Kaliyaperumal Rajaganapathy 
Published: August 2024

:
The buccal cavity, also known as the oral cavity, is a complex anatomical structure that
plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. It serves as a gateway to the digestive system
and facilitates the initial stages of food digestion and absorption. However, its significance extends
beyond mere digestion as it presents a promising route for drug delivery, particularly to the brain.
Transferosomes are lipid-based vesicles that have gained significant attention in the field of drug
delivery due to their unique structure and properties. These vesicles are composed of phospholipids
that form bilayer structures capable of encapsulating both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Strategies
for the development of buccal transferosomes for brain delivery have emerged as promising
avenues for pharmaceutical research. This review aims to explore the various approaches and challenges
associated with harnessing the potential of buccal transferosomes as a means of enhancing
drug delivery to the brain. By understanding the structure and function of both buccal tissue and
transferosomes, researchers can develop effective formulation methods and characterization techniques
to optimize drug delivery. Furthermore, strategic approaches and success stories in buccal
transferosome development are highlighted, showcasing inspiring examples that demonstrate their
potential to revolutionize brain delivery.
Infrastructure projects as a driver of economic development of the regional system
Authors: Tronina I. A. , Semenikhina A. V. , Morozova O. I. , Kolmykova T. S. 
Published: August 2024

Relevance. Infrastructure projects play a significant role in the economic development of the region, allowing to increase its potential, provide support for the regional ecosystem, reduce the negative impact on the environment, and create conditions for sustainable growth of the local territory.At the same time, despite the increased interest in conducting scientific research in the infrastructure sector and its opportunities to effectively influence the economy, there is a lack of development of adaptive tools and effective methods of infrastructure design in the region in the existing works of scientists, which confirms the relevance of the research.The purpose it consists in identifying the theoretical, methodological and practical features of infrastructure design in the regional system as a driver of its economic development.The objectives: to determine the role and importance of infrastructure projects in the development of the regional system; to identify criteria reflecting the specifics of infrastructure projects; to structure approaches and methods of project management; to assess the state of development of the regional infrastructure sector on the example of the Orel region.Methodology. The work uses methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization and logic based on problem-oriented, system-structural and design approaches.Results. The study found that infrastructure projects act as a unique tool for integrated development and the basis for the functioning of the localized territory of the subject of the Russian Federation, and are designed to create conditions for ensuring the effective functioning of the population and harmonious business growth.Conclusions. The role and importance of infrastructure projects in the regional system is great and multifaceted, allowing it to act as a kind of locomotive and engine of its development and creating a multiplier effect for regional sectors of the economy.The directions of subsequent research are related to the creation of an organizational and managerial model for the infrastructural development of the regional system, the development and promotion of infrastructure projects based on it in the region in the context of spatial economics.
Rediscovering human capital in the conditions of reflexive modernity
Authors: Komornikova O. M. 
Published: August 2024

Relevance. The relevance is due to the need to revise approaches to the theoretical understanding of the concepts of «human capital» and «reflexivity» as social phenomena, the need to identify the relationship between these phenomena.The purpose is to show the possibilities of expanding the understanding of the phenomenon of human capital based on the analysis of existing theoretical approaches of various sciences to the concept of «reflexivity».Objectives: to study the peculiarities of understanding the phenomenon of reflection in philosophy, psychology, sociology and to highlight the meaningful characteristics of reflexivity as a component of human capital in modern society.Methodology. The author relies in the study on the possibilities of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the phenomenon of reflection. The sociological analysis is based on the ideas and principles of systemic, synergetic, sociocultural approaches. The starting point for the analysis of the phenomenon of human capital was the concept of V. S. Golubev.Results. The article substantiates the idea that the transition to a new type of social organization, accompanied by the appearance of new characteristics in the social system, led to the development and strengthening of the importance of reflexivity of society. At the same time, the requirements for the individual are changing and the content of human capital is being revised. This process is conditioned by the need to increase awareness, objectivity of ideas about the system of social relations in conditions of expanding individual freedom, its role in social processes, increasing the volume of information produced by society and the subjects involved in this process.Conclusions. Reflexivity as a characteristic of a social system has appeared relatively recently. The basis of its formation was the evolution of human psychological processes and a qualitative change in the living conditions of society. There is an expansion of the potential of the individual and society, and, on the other hand, the risks that she has to face. The ability to reflect is considered as part of the intellectual and spiritual capital of the individual. It presupposes the activity of the individual in the perception of social processes and events, which was previously the lot of the elite, the development of sophisticated intellectual mechanisms for working with information, analyzing their own and others' experiences.
Developing an Educational Resource Aimed at Improving Adolescent Digital Health Literacy: Using Co-Design as Research Methodology
Authors: Lewis Callum C , Taba Melody , Allen Tiffany B , Caldwell Patrina HY , Skinner S Rachel , Kang Melissa , Henderson Hamish , Bray Liam , Borthwick Madeleine , Collin Philippa , McCaffery Kirsten , Scott Karen M 
Published: August 2024

Background
Adolescence is a key developmental period that affects lifelong health and is impacted by adolescents regularly engaging with digital health information. Adolescents need digital health literacy (DHL) to effectively evaluate the quality and credibility of such information, and to navigate an increasingly complex digital health environment. Few educational resources exist to improve DHL, and few have involved adolescents during design. The co-design approach may hold utility through developing interventions with participants as design partners.

Objective
This project aimed to explore the co-design approach in developing an educational resource to improve adolescents’ DHL.

Methods
Adolescents (12-17 years old) attended 4 interactive co-design workshops (June 2021-April 2022). Participant perspectives were gathered on DHL and the design of educational resources to improve it. Data generated were analyzed through content analysis to inform educational resource development.

Results
In total, 27 participants from diverse backgrounds attended the workshops. Insight was gained into participants’ relationship with digital health information, including acceptance of its benefits and relevance, coupled with awareness of misinformation issues, revealing areas of DHL need. Participants provided suggestions for educational resource development that incorporated the most useful aspects of digital formats to develop skills across these domains. The following 4 themes were derived from participant perspectives: ease of access to digital health information, personal and social factors that impacted use, impacts of the plethora of digital information, and anonymity offered by digital sources. Initial participant evaluation of the developed educational resource was largely positive, including useful suggestions for improvement.

Conclusions
Co-design elicited and translated authentic adolescent perspectives and design ideas into a functional educational resource. Insight into adolescents’ DHL needs generated targeted educational resource content, with engaging formats, designs, and storylines. Co-design holds promise as an important and empowering tool for developing interventions to improve adolescents’ DHL.
Circumflex left aortic arch: a new vascular ring anomaly in dogs
Authors: Rossi Riccardo , Coe Richard , Allfree Chris , Mather Brian , Schwarz Tobias 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To describe the circumflex left aortic arch as a new form of canine congenital vascular ring anomaly leading to esophageal constriction.

ANIMALS
3 large-breed dogs of variable age: a 9-month-old entire male German Shepherd Dog–Rottweiler cross, a 17-week-old entire male German Shepherd Dog, and a 9-year-old neutered female Labrador Retriever, seen between April 2022 and May 2023.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Dogs presented for chronic postprandial regurgitation and poor growth. One dog presented for a hard mass on the caudal mandibular region.

RESULTS
Computed tomography revealed a normal leftward-oriented cranial half and an abnormal caudal half of the aortic arch crossing toward the right dorsal hemithorax leading to esophageal constriction in all dogs. In addition, 1 dog presented with a right patent ductus arteriosus and 1 with an aberrant right subclavian artery.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Circumflex left aortic arch is a newly discovered rare type of congenital vascular ring anomaly in dogs, which presents a similar anatomical derangement to the human form. Clinical signs include postprandial regurgitation and poor growth. Circumflex left aortic arch vascular anomaly cannot be surgically corrected via the left thoracotomy that is commonly used for the more common vascular ring anomalies in dogs. Computed tomography is a useful diagnostic modality for the diagnosis of this condition, detection of concomitant congenital vascular malformations, evaluation of associated pathologies, and surgical planning.
Impact of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Intestinal Epithelial Cell Barrier
Authors: Takizawa Y. , Kato A. , Onsui A. , Kanatanai S. , Ishimura A. , Kurita T. , Nakajima T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While many types of diabetes medications are currently available, orally administered formulations of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have recently been launched. Therefore, gastrointestinal epithelial cells will be increasingly exposed to GLP-1 receptor agonists; however, their effects on these cells remain unclear. The present study attempted to clarify the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on intestinal epithelial barrier functions. Semaglutide (5, 50, and 500 ng/mL) and dulaglutide (15, 150, and 1500 ng/mL) were selected as GLP-1 receptor agonists and applied to the Caco-2 cell line. Changes in mRNA and protein expression levels of epithelial cell barrier regulators due to exposure to GLP-1 receptor agonists were examined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Neither semaglutide nor dulaglutide changed the growth rate or ratio of Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, they did not significantly affect the mRNA expression levels of membrane proteins involved in epithelial cell barrier functions. However, dulaglutide increased the protein expression levels of these membrane proteins in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas semaglutide did not. Only dulaglutide enhanced epithelial cell barrier functions. Since various gastrointestinal symptoms develop in patients with diabetes and epithelial cell barrier functions may be compromised, medicines that promote barrier function, such as dulaglutide, may effectively attenuate these changes. However, their mechanisms of action remain unknown; therefore, further studies are warranted.
Perfil de mulheres com perda gestacional do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Gomes Isadora Santos , Cardoso Monique Eva Vargas , Gois Rubellita Holanda Pinheiro Cunha 
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: Identificar o perfil de mulheres com perda gestacional do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, de natureza descritiva-exploratória e transversal. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de agosto a outubro de 2022. A população foi constituída por 117 mulheres, tendo os seguintes critérios de inclusão: perda até as 20 semanas de gestação, ocorridas entre os anos de 2012 a 2020, com idade de 18 a 45 anos, mulheres com acesso à internet e moradoras do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Resultados: Observou-se maior prevalência na faixa etária entre 25 e 30 anos 29,9%, 86,3% brancas, 75,2% eram casadas ou união estável, 47,9% possuíam ≥ 4 salários mínimos, 68,4% não tinham doenças prévias, 52,1% ocorreu o aborto antes das 8 semanas de gestação, 67,5% apresentaram apenas uma perda gestacional, 58,1% tiveram abortamento completo, 84,3% realizaram curetagem, 68,4% não descobriram a causa e 81% não tiveram complicações pela perda gestacional. Conclusão: Identificou-se no estudo que a maior prevalência de risco no perfil de mulheres com perda gestacional foram: brancas, com ensino superior incompleto, casadas ou em união estável.
АНАЛИЗ ОПЕРАЦИОННЫХ РИСКОВ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО СУБЪЕКТА
Authors: Аверина О.И. , Пьянзина Е.Ю. 
Published: August 2024

Цель исследования заключается в развитии теоретических положений и разработке практических рекомендаций анализа операционного риска, который, имеет прямое отношение к формированию прибыли компании.