bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E-Book Enthusiasm
Authors: Seddon Fred 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this review, two significant works published in e-book format demand the attention of Rand scholars: Roger E. Bissell's book How the Martians Discovered Algebra: Explorations in Induction and the Philosophy of Mathematics and Michelle Marder Kamhi's Who Says That's Art? A Commonsense View of the Visual Arts. Covering wildly different territory, the two works make an important contribution to the literature.
Soufisme et utopie économico-religieuse : les entrepreneurs mourides sénégalais à l’« assaut » des métropoles occidentales
Authors: Sall Leyla 
Published: December 2014

L’article retrace la genèse et l’évolution de l’utopie religieuse de la confrérie soufie mouride du Sénégal. Une telle utopie mise en place en contexte colonial et rural s’est largement transformée pour être opératoire en contexte urbain et migratoire. Elle permet aux migrants entrepreneurs mourides d’avoir confiance en soi dans leur « conquête symbolique » de l’Occident.
S’appuyant sur une mystique du travail de type religieux, l’utopie religieuse mouride n’en est pas moins efficace. Elle a permis le succès entrepreneurial des mourides, mais aussi l’extraterritorialité de leur capitale religieuse qui, désormais, bénéficie de politiques sociales et de projets urbains dans lesquels l’État sénégalais joue un rôle marginal.
Militer par l’action commerciale ? Biocoop et l’agriculture biologique française
Authors: Anzalone Guilhem 
Published: December 2014

Issu des mouvements écologistes et alternatifs, le réseau de magasins indépendants Biocoop se donne pour objectif de militer pour un projet de société à travers la distribution de produits biologiques. En centrant l’analyse sur les dispositifs mobilisés dans le réseau, l’article montre comment les outils de gestion incorporent et concrétisent des principes de valeur. Cette dimension politique se caractérise également par une certaine ambivalence qui se répercute au sein de la structure ; elle se traduit notamment par l’hétérogénéité des organisations et des pratiques. Le projet de Biocoop s’étend aussi à la circulation des produits, où son intervention est mise à l’épreuve dans la gouvernance des filières. L’étude de ce cas explore ainsi les multiples manifestations de la dimension politique de l’activité économique ordinaire.
Fecal and Coliform Levels as Indicative Factors in Deterioration of the Water Quality of
Authors: BENSIG EUKENE OPORTO , FLORES MARY JOYCE L. , MAGLANGIT FLEURDELIZ F. 
Published: December 2014

The use of surface waters such as rivers for domestic, agricultural andindustrial purposes have made them vulnerable to pollution leading to impairedwater quality. The water quality of Lahug River in Cebu City was evaluated usingcoliforms as indicators, in relation with physicochemical parameters such as biological oxygen demand (BOD), conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate,pH, phosphate, salinity, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS) and totalsuspended solids (TSS). Sampling was done once a month from November 2011to April 2012 in three stations covering the upstream, midstream and downstream.The multiple tube fermentation technique was used for the analysis of coliforms.The level of these indicator bacteria increased from the upstream towards thelower reaches of the river especially in the months of February to April; however,the difference in values across time was not significant. This implies that therewas a continuous fecal pollution in the river. There were no statistically significantcorrelations between FCs and TCs with the physicochemical parameters. Anegative relationship was observed among FCs and TCs with pH, TSS, DOand nitrate (p>0.05). These results suggest the presence of sewage and organicpollutants in the river.Keywords: Aquatic Ecology, water quality, coliform, physicochemical parameters,experimental design, Philippines
Abundance, Ecology and Fishery of Lobsters in Buenavista, Guimaras: Their Contribution to the Socio-Economic Condition of the Fisher Folks
Authors: PARRENO LILIAN DIANA , GERADA JO ANN T. , ARTAJO ROGELIO T. 
Published: December 2014

Lobster (Panulirus sp.) is an expensive priced marine crustacean both in localand international markets. The study was conducted to determine the abundance,ecology and fishery of lobster in Buenavista, Guimaras and their contribution tothe socio-economic condition of the fisher folks. The study used the descriptiveresearch design. The respondents of the study were the lobster fisher folks. Thedata gathered are composed of volumes of catch as to male and female, catch sizeduring lean and peak seasons, ecology of the area and socio-economic conditionof the fisher folks. The statistical tools used were frequency, percent, ranking and Pearson r. Spiny tiger lobster habituated most the area and many of themare male. The plankton was abundant, salinity during the peak seasons rangesfrom 16ppt to 31 ppt and 28ppt to 32 during lean seasons. The temperature was almost the same for both seasons with the average of 29104oC. Water was more turbid during the lean season and the depth of seawater ranges from 36 ft to 64ft.Majority of the fisher folk earned a monthly income of Php5,000.00 and below,despite the socio-economic condition which is not good based on the NationalEconomic Development Authority (NEDA) economic threshold level.Keywords: Ecology, abundance, lobster fishery, descriptive design, Philippines
Determination of the Cytostatic and Cytocidal Activities of Antimalarial Compounds and Their Combination Interactions
Authors: Sherlach Katy S. , Roepe Paul D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDetermining the antiplasmodial activity of candidate antimalarial drugs in vitro identifies new therapies for drug‐resistant malaria. Importantly though, activity can be either growth‐inhibitory (cytostatic) or parasite‐kill (cytocidal), or both. The simple methods described here can allow for distinction between these activities, as well as definition of drug interactions between two or more compounds. The latter is important in the definition of novel drug combination therapy for malaria. These methods involve live malarial parasite red blood cell culture, routine pharmacology, high‐throughput detection of parasite DNA with fluorescent reporters, and routine mathematical analysis of dose‐response curves. The techniques and approaches are accessible to most laboratories and require minimal special equipment beyond a fluorescent plate reader and tissue culture facilities. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Long Range Dependence
Authors: Samorodnitsky Gennady 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Long‐range dependence (synonymous with
long memory
) is a property of some stationary processes. Intuitively, the notion is clear: a stationary stochastic process that has long‐range dependence is a process whose memory lasts very long. However, the term ‘long‐range dependence’ means more than simply ‘longer memory’. It means memory so long that the behavior of a stochastic process changes dramatically, and so long that the usual statistical tools break down when applied to observations arising from a long‐range dependent process.
Geisser,Seymour
Authors: Christensen Ronald , Johnson Wesley 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSeymour Geisser was a leading proponent of the importance of prediction in the practice of statistics, as well as a leading exponent of multivariate analysis. He pioneered several important areas of statistical endeavor, such as the now popular method for validating statistical models called cross‐validation, and the equivalent method of predictive sample reuse. He also pioneered the areas of Bayesian multivariate analysis and discrimination, Bayesian diagnostics for statistical prediction and estimation models, Bayesian interim analysis, and testing for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium using forensic DNA data.
Vacuum membrane distillation simulation of desalination using polypropylene hydrophobic microporous membrane
Authors: Tang Na , Peng Ying , Jia Zhongyuan , Zhang Lei , Xiang Jun , Yuan Lina , Cheng Penggao , Wang Xuekui 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTNumerical simulation is an effective method to get the optimal operating parameters in the chemical engineering process. In this work, the transport mechanism of vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process was simulated and predicted by mathematical model, which was established based on the convective heat transfer coefficient, and 0.5M aqueous NaCl solution was concentrated with isotactic polypropylene (iPP) hydrophobic microporous membrane prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) in the VMD process. The as‐presented mathematical model simulated the effects of different operating parameters on the VMD performances for aqueous NaCl solution, such as feed temperature, feed flow rate, absolute pressure of membrane permeate side, temperature coefficient, membrane thickness, and porosity. A comparison between experimental data and simulated data was also considered to verify the proposed mathematical model. Additionally, the salt rejection of aqueous NaCl solution production water in VMD was higher than 99.9%. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41632.
Synthesis of pyridinium polysiloxane for antibacterial coating in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Chen Yong , Han Qiuxia , Wang Yali , Zhang Qiang , Qiao Xuxu 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTAntibacterial polysiloxane with pyridinium pendants was synthesized through hydrosilylation reaction of trimethylsiloxane terminated (45% methylhydrosiloxane)–dimethylsiloxane random copolymer and 4‐vinylpyridine and subsequent N‐alkylation of pyridine ring with 1‐bromohexane. The pyridinium polysiloxane was coated on cotton and formed a 35 nm layer via a novel method of deposition in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) for biocidal application. The coated fabrics provided effective antibacterial activities against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli compared with uncoated ones that did not exhibit noticeable biocidal activities. The pyridinium polysiloxane coating layer on cotton was stable toward storage in air and washing cycles. The scCO2 deposition technique uses ecologically responsible CO2 as solvent and is hypothesized to work on both reactive and nonreactive surfaces due to without the use of covalent tethering groups. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41723.
Einfluss von Querrissen auf das Schubtragverhalten von Verbunddübelleisten in schlanken Betongurten
Authors: Claßen Martin , Gallwoszus Joerg , Hegger Josef 
Published: December 2014

AbstractVerbunddübelleisten sind leistungsfähige, neuartige Verbundmittel für den Stahl‐Verbundbau, die bisher vor allem in Ingenieurbauwerken wie z. B. vorgefertigten Verbundbrücken eingesetzt werden. Aufgrund ihrer einfachen Herstellung bei oberflanschlosen Stahlprofilen, ihren guten Trag‐ und Verformungseigenschaften sowie ihrer Anwendbarkeit in schlanken Betongurten werden Verbunddübelleisten zunehmend auch im Hoch‐ und Geschossbau verwendet. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt Abscherversuche an einer puzzleförmigen Verbunddübelleiste für flache Betongurte mit einer Dicke von lediglich 10 cm. Als Haupteinflussparameter werden verschiedene Längsspannungszustände im Betongurt bei unterschiedlichen Bewehrungsführungen untersucht, wofür ein eigener Versuchsstand entwickelt wurde. Während in den bisherigen Ansätzen zur Bemessung der statischen Schubtragfähigkeit von Verbunddübelleisten keine Tragfähigkeitsminderung für quergerissene Betongurte vorgesehen wird, zeigen die vorgestellten Versuche mit schlanken Betongurten einen nennenswerten Einfluss der Betonrissbildung auf die Verbundmittelbruchlast. Die durchgeführten Versuche wurden mithilfe eines dreidimensionalen, nicht‐linearen Finite‐Elemente‐Modells simuliert und analysiert.Influence of transversal cracking on the shear load bearing behavior of composite dowels in slender concrete chordsComposite dowels are efficient, innovative shear connectors for use in engineering structures such as prefabricated composite bridges. Due to their ease of production in steel profiles with single‐flange, their good load bearing and deformation properties and their applicability in slender concrete chords, composite dowels are increasingly being used in building construction. This paper describes push‐out tests on puzzle‐ shaped composite dowels for slender concrete chords with a thickness of only 10 cm. Besides different variants of reinforcement, in particular the influence of different longitudinal stress states and transverse cracking in the concrete slab has been explored. For this purpose an appropriate test setup has been developed. In previous approaches for the static shear strength of composite dowels, the influence of transverse cracking is neglected. However, the presented experiments with slender concrete chords show a significant effect of concrete cracking on the composite dowels' shear carrying capacity. The presented experiments were simulated and analyzed by a three‐dimensional, non‐linear finite element model of the push‐out tests.
Systematic review of sleep disorders in cancer patients: can the prevalence of sleep disorders be ascertained?
Authors: Otte Julie L. , Carpenter Janet S. , Manchanda Shalini , Rand Kevin L. , Skaar Todd C. , Weaver Michael , Chernyak Yelena , Zhong Xin , Igega Christele , Landis Carol 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAlthough sleep is vital to all human functioning and poor sleep is a known problem in cancer, it is unclear whether the overall prevalence of the various types of sleep disorders in cancer is known. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to evaluate if the prevalence of sleep disorders could be ascertained from the current body of literature regarding sleep in cancer. This was a critical and systematic review of peer‐reviewed, English‐language, original articles published from 1980 through 15 October 2013, identified using electronic search engines, a set of key words, and prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Information from 254 full‐text, English‐language articles was abstracted onto a paper checklist by one reviewer, with a second reviewer randomly verifying 50% (k = 99%). All abstracted data were entered into an electronic database, verified for accuracy, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequencies in SPSS (v.20) (North Castle, NY). Studies of sleep and cancer focus on specific types of symptoms of poor sleep, and there are no published prevalence studies that focus on underlying sleep disorders. Challenging the current paradigm of the way sleep is studied in cancer could produce better clinical screening tools for use in oncology clinics leading to better triaging of patients with sleep complaints to sleep specialists, and overall improvement in sleep quality.
Zerumbone increases oxidative stress in a thiol‐dependent ROS‐independent manner to increase DNA damage and sensitize colorectal cancer cells to radiation
Authors: Deorukhkar Amit , Ahuja Niharika , Mercado Armando‐Lopez , Diagaradjane Parmeswaran , Raju Uma , Patel Nalini , Mohindra Pranshu , Diep Nga , Guha Sushovan , Krishnan Sunil 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLocally advanced rectal cancers are treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy followed by surgery. In a minority (~20%) of patients, no tumor is present at the time of surgery; these patients with a complete pathologic response (pathCR) to neoadjuvant therapy have better treatment outcomes. Unfortunately, the inherent radioresistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells dictates that the majority of patients do not achieve a pathCR. Efforts to improve these odds have fueled the search for novel, relatively less‐toxic radiosensitizers with distinct molecular mechanism(s) and broad‐spectrum anticancer activities. Here, we use zerumbone, a sesquiterpene from the edible ginger (Zingiber zerumbet Smith), to enhance radiosensitivity of CRC cells. Short exposure to zerumbone (7 h) profoundly sensitized CRC cells, independent of their p53 or k‐RAS status. Zerumbone enhanced radiation‐induced cell cycle arrest (G2/M), increased radiation‐induced apoptosis, but induced little apoptosis by itself. Zerumbone significantly enhanced radiation‐induced DNA damage, as evident by delayed resolution of post‐irradiation nuclear γH2AX foci, whereas zerumbone treatment alone did not induce γH2AX foci formation. Zerumbone pretreatment inhibited radiation‐induced nuclear expression of DNA repair proteins ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and DNA‐PKcs. Interestingly, zerumbone‐mediated radiosensitization did not involve reactive oxygen species (ROS), but was mediated through depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH). Ability of only thiol‐based antioxidants to abrogate zerumbone‐mediated radiosensitization further corroborated this hypothesis. The α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl group in zerumbone was found to be essential for its bioactivity as zerumbone analog α‐Humulene that lacks this functional group, could neither radiosensitize CRC cells, nor deplete cellular GSH. Our studies elucidate novel mechanism(s) of zerumbone's ability to enhance CRC radiosensitivity.
Breathlessness at rest is not the dominant presentation of patients admitted with heart failure
Authors: Shoaib Ahmad , Waleed Mohammad , Khan Saima , Raza Ali , Zuhair Mohamed , Kassianides Xenophon , Djahit Ayse , Goode Kevin , Wong Kenneth , Rigby Alan , Clark Andrew , Cleland John 
Published: December 2014

AimsMany assume that most patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF) are short of breath at rest (SOBAR). The National HF Audit for England and Wales suggests that this assumption is false, which has profound implications for managementMethods and resultsA retrospective case‐note review was carried out of patients hospitalized with HF to determine how many present with shortness of breath at rest or are comfortable at rest but breathless on slight exertion (CARBOSE). Vital signs were tracked for 24 h and mortality for 180 days. Of 311 patients, those who were SOBAR (42%) had higher median heart rate (HR) (100 vs. 85 b.p.m.; P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (141 vs. 122 mmHg; P < 0.001), and respiratory rate (RR) (24 vs. 18 breaths/min; P < 0.001) compared with those who were CARBOSE (56%). Vital signs changed little in those who were CARBOSE over the first 4–6 h, but SBP (141–128 mmHg; P < 0.001), HR (100–90 b.p.m.; P = 0.002), and RR (24–20 breaths/min; P < 0.001) fell in those who were SOBAR. At presentation, SBP was >125 mmHg in 73% of patients who were SOBAR and in 46% who were CARBOSE, dropping to 52% and 37%, respectively, by 4–6 h. Mortality amongst those who were SOBAR and those who were CARBOSE was, respectively, 19% and 34% (odds ratio 2.29; P = 0.005, 95% confidence interval 1.29–4.06).ConclusionMany patients admitted with HF are CARBOSE. Shortness of breath at rest may be more alarming, but those who are CARBOSE have a worse prognosis, perhaps reflecting more severe right heart dysfunction. Clinical trials of hospitalized HF may inappropriately exclude patients if they focus on shortness of breath at rest rather than peripheral congestion.
Risk in the implementation of construction projects – defining the risk / Das Risiko in der Bauprojektabwicklung – Risikodefinition
Authors: Jodl Hans Georg 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe article offers various definitions of risk and defines risk as the description of an incident, which in case of unhindered occurrence will with adequate probability lead to unintended consequences and resulting damage. The magnitude of the risk depends on the extent of damage and the probability of occurrence. One essential aspect of sensible handling of risks is the appropriate use of the tools of modern risk management. Risk management covers the phases of risk identification, risk assessment, risk mitigation and risk monitoring.Der Beitrag stellt verschiedene Risikodefinitionen vor und präzisiert das Risiko als die Beschreibung eines Ereignisses, bei dem es für den Fall des ungehinderten Geschehnis' mit hinreichender Wahrscheinlichkeit zu einer Zielverfehlung und in der Folge zu einem Schadenseintritt kommt. Die Höhe des Risikos ist abhängig vom Schadensausmaß und der Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeit. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt im bewussten Umgang mit Risiken ist die konsequente Anwendung von Werkzeugen des modernen Risikomanagements. Risikomanagement umfasst die Phasen Risikoidentifikation, Risikobewertung, Risikosteuerung und Risikokontrolle.
Financial Crises and the Dismissal of Central Bank Governors: New Evidence
Authors: Artha I. Kadek Dian Sutrisna , de Haan Jakob 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper examines whether financial crises affect the likelihood that a central bank governor will be replaced. Employing a conditional fixed effects logit model for 101 countries during the period 1970–2007, we find that financial crises significantly increase the likelihood of a central bank governor turnover. When we decompose crises into banking, currency, and debt crises we find that banking crises and debt crises significantly increase the likelihood that a central bank governor will be replaced. Our results also suggest that financial crises increase the probability that a non‐government ally will be appointed as new central bank governor. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monetary Policy and International Reserves: Empirical Evidence from East Asian Countries
Authors: Shrestha Prakash K. , Semmler Willi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper estimates a monetary policy reaction function with international reserves as an additional variable in the five crisis‐affected East Asian countries by using an autoregressive distributed lag approach. An inclusion of international reserves in the reaction function seems to be justified on the ground that small open economies have to consider external constraint and financial stability in addition to conventional macroeconomic stability. Empirical findings suggest that monetary policy significantly reacts to the level of international reserves in these countries, particularly in the post‐crisis period, reflecting a fact that the conventional Taylor rule does not properly explain the monetary policy reaction in emerging economies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the drug interaction potential and single‐ and repeat‐dose pharmacokinetics of the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib
Authors: Suttle A. Benjamin , Grossmann Kenneth F. , Ouellet Daniele , Richards‐Peterson Lauren E. , Aktan Gursel , Gordon Michael S. , LoRusso Patricia M. , Infante Jeffrey R. , Sharma Sunil , Kendra Kari , Patel Manish , Pant Shubham , Arkenau Hendrik‐Tobias , Middleton Mark R. , Blackman Samuel C. , Botbyl Jeff , Carson Stanley W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe induction of CYP2C9 by dabrafenib using S‐warfarin as a probe and the effects of a CYP3A inhibitor (ketoconazole) and a CYP2C8 inhibitor (gemfibrozil) on dabrafenib pharmacokinetics were evaluated in patients with BRAF V600 mutation‐positive tumors. Dabrafenib single‐ and repeat‐dose pharmacokinetics were also evaluated. S‐warfarin AUC0–∞ decreased 37% and Cmax increased 18% with dabrafenib. Dabrafenib AUC0–τ and Cmax increased 71% and 33%, respectively, with ketoconazole. Hydroxy‐ and desmethyl‐dabrafenib AUC0–τ increased 82% and 68%, respectively, and AUC for carboxy‐dabrafenib decreased 16%. Dabrafenib AUC0–τ increased 47%, with no change in Cmax, after gemfibrozil co‐administration. Gemfibrozil did not affect systemic exposure to dabrafenib metabolites. Single‐ and repeat‐dose dabrafenib pharmacokinetics were consistent with previous reports. All cohorts used the commercial capsules. More‐frequent monitoring of international normalized ratios is recommended in patients receiving warfarin during initiation or discontinuation of dabrafenib. Substitution of strong inhibitors or strong inducers of CYP3A or CYP2C8 is recommended during treatment with dabrafenib.