bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between high dietary intake of the n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid and reduced risk of Crohn's disease
Authors: Chan S. S. M. , Luben R. , Olsen A. , Tjonneland A. , Kaaks R. , Lindgren S. , Grip O. , Bergmann M. M. , Boeing H. , Hallmans G. , Karling P. , Overvad K. , Venø S. K. , van Schaik F. , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita B. , Oldenburg B. , Khaw K.‐T. , Riboli E. , Hart A. R. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryBackgroundThere are plausible mechanisms for how dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, could prevent Crohn's disease (CD).AimTo conduct a prospective study to investigate the association between increased intake of DHA and risk of CD.MethodsOverall, 229 702 participants were recruited from nine European centres between 1991 and 1998. At recruitment, dietary intakes of DHA and fatty acids were measured using validated food frequency questionnaires. The cohort was monitored through to June 2004 to identify participants who developed incident CD. In a nested case–control analysis, each case was matched with four controls; odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for quintiles of DHA intake, adjusted for total energy intake, smoking, other dietary fatty acids, dietary vitamin D and body mass index.ResultsSeventy‐three participants developed incident CD. All higher quintiles of DHA intake were inversely associated with development of CD; the highest quintile had the greatest effect size (OR = 0.07; 95% CI = 0.02–0.81). The OR trend across quintiles of DHA was 0.54 (95% CI = 0.30–0.99, Ptrend = 0.04). Including BMI in the multivariate analysis, due to its correlation with dietary fat showed similar associations. There were no associations with the other dietary fatty acids studied.ConclusionThere were inverse associations, with a biological gradient between increasing dietary docosahexaenoic acid intakes and incident Crohn's disease. Further studies in other populations should measure docosahexaenoic acid to determine if the association is consistent and the hypothesis tested in randomised controlled trials of purely docosahexaenoic acid supplementation.
“The Persistence of Parent Repayment” and the Anticipation of Filial Obligations of Care in Two Thai Provinces
Authors: Basten Stuart , Muttarak Raya , Pothisiri Wiraporn 
Published: February 2014

With an accelerated and sustained decline in fertility and an increase in life expectancy, Thailand has entered its aging phase at a rapid pace. This raises an important question of who should care for the increasing elderly population. Using a survey of adults aged 16–64 years (n = 742) in two provinces in the north‐east (Kalasin) and south (Phang Nga) of Thailand, this paper explores the expectations that individuals have from their children when they become very old. Only one‐third of the respondents expected to live with their children in old age and only one‐fifth anticipated financial assistance. Less than half of them expected personal care and practical care from their children (43% and 38%, respectively). The expectations varied substantially by the number of children and income, with those with higher income reporting lower expectation. Those living in Kalasin, a much poorer province than Phang Nga, had greater expectations from their children in old age. This suggests that, for those with less financial resources, children remain the main care provider for the elderly.
Optimization of intervention levels in ecological restoration
Authors: Walker Lawrence R. , Hölzel Norbert , Marrs Robert , del Moral Roger , Prach Karel 
Published: February 2014

AbstractQuestionAre optimal intervention levels in ecological restoration linked to disturbance severity or spatial and temporal scales of restoration activities in the studies included in this special feature?MethodsComparison of ten studies of restoration in the context of disturbance severity, regional biodiversity, and predictability of succession trajectories.ResultsThe ten studies largely represent restoration of grasslands in Europe but also include restoration following disturbances by mining, invasive species, and trampling by tourists. Maximal intervention levels were used in studies with high or low disturbance severity, low regional biodiversity, and high predictability of successional trajectories. The spatial and temporal scales of restoration activities had little effect on intervention levels.ConclusionsGeneral guidelines on how to optimize intervention levels in restoration activities can be sought by comparing success rates across gradients of disturbance severity.
Isopropoxy‐Carvacrol, a Derivative Obtained from Carvacrol, Reduces Acute Inflammation and Nociception in Rodents
Authors: Bonfim Rangel R. , Paiva‐Souza Igor O. , Moraes Janaína P. , Pereira Denyson S. , Santos Cliomar A. , Santana Danielle G. , Thomazzi Sara M. , Ferro Jamile N. S. , Barreto Emiliano O. , Sousa Damião P. , Camargo Enilton A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMonoterpenes, compounds mainly presented in essential oils, have important pharmacological actions. Isopropoxy‐carvacrol (IPC) is a derivative of the monoterpene carvacrol, and its pharmacological properties have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to analyse the acute anti‐inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of IPC. Mice (25–30 g) and rats (150–230 g) were pre‐treated (i.p.) with IPC at the doses of 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg or vehicle (Tween 80, 0.5%), 30 min. before injection of the phlogistic agents. Both the first and the second phases of formalin‐induced nociception were significantly reduced by IPC (100 mg/kg). Injection of carrageenan in mice paw reduced the threshold of stimulus intensity, applied with an analgesymeter, necessary to cause paw withdrawal, which was significantly reduced by 100 mg/kg of IPC. The area under curve (0–4 hr) of rat paw oedema induced by injection of carrageenan was also significantly diminished by the administration of IPC (100 mg/kg). Administration of 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) markedly increased mice ear oedema and myeloperidase (MPO) activity. Topical co‐administration of IPC (0.3–3 mg/ear) during the induction did not affect TPA‐induced ear oedema, but significantly decreased MPO activity in the ears, when compared with the vehicle. In in vitro experiments, IPC reduced lipoperoxidation induced by different stimuli, showed nitric oxide scavenger activity and did not interfere with murine macrophage viability in concentrations up to 100 μg/mL. These results demonstrate that IPC exerts acute anti‐inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, suggesting that it may represent an alternative in the development of new future therapeutic strategies.
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Diamond Blackfan anaemia: a report from the Italian Association of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Registry
Authors: Fagioli Franca , Quarello Paola , Zecca Marco , Lanino Edoardo , Corti Paola , Favre Claudio , Ripaldi Mimmo , Ramenghi Ugo , Locatelli Franco , Prete Arcangelo 
Published: February 2014

SummaryAllogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative option for patients with Diamond Blackfan anaemia (DBA). We report the transplantation outcome of 30 Italian DBA patients referred to the Italian Association of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Registry between 1990 and 2012. This is one of the largest national registry cohorts of transplanted DBA patients. Most patients (83%) were allografted after 2000. A matched sibling donor was employed in 16 patients (53%), the remaining 14 patients (47%) were transplanted from matched unrelated donors. Twenty‐eight of the 30 patients engrafted. One patient died at day +6 due to veno‐occlusive disease without achieving neutrophil recovery and another patient remained transfusion‐dependent despite the presence of a full donor chimerism. The 5‐year overall survival and transplant‐related mortality was 74·4% and 25·6%, respectively. Patients younger than 10 years as well as those transplanted after 2000 showed a significantly higher overall survival and a significantly lower risk of transplant‐related mortality. No difference between donor type was observed. Our data suggest that allogeneic HSCT from a related or unrelated donor was a reasonable alternative to transfusion therapy in young and well chelated DBA patients.
Holmium laser enucleation (HoLEP) and photoselective vaporisation of the prostate (PVP) for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic urinary retention
Authors: Jaeger Christopher D. , Mitchell Christopher R. , Mynderse Lance A. , Krambeck Amy E. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate short‐term outcomes of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and photoselective vaporisation of the prostate (PVP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic urinary retention (CUR).Patients and MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed of all patients with CUR who underwent HoLEP or PVP at our institution over a 3‐year period. CUR was defined as a persistent post‐void residual urine volume (PVR) of >300 mL or refractory urinary retention requiring catheterisation.ResultsWe identified 72 patients with CUR who underwent HoLEP and 31 who underwent PVP. Preoperative parameters including median catheterisation duration (3 vs 5 months, P = 0.71), American Urological Association Symptom Index score (AUASI; 18 vs 21, P = 0.24), and PVR (555 vs 473 mL, P = 0.096) were similar between the HoLEP and PVP groups. The HoLEP group had a larger prostate volume (88.5 vs 49 mL, P < 0.001) and higher PSA concentration (4.5 vs 2.4 ng/mL, P = 0.001). At median 6‐month follow‐up, 71 (99%) HoLEP patients and 23 (74%) PVP patients were catheter‐free (P < 0.001). Of the voiding patients, postoperative AUASI (3 vs 4, P = 0.06), maximum urinary flow rate (23 vs 18 mL/s, P = 0.28) and PVR (56.5 vs 54 mL, P = 1.0) were improved in both groups.ConclusionsBoth HoLEP and PVP are effective at improving urinary parameters in men with CUR. Despite larger prostate volumes, HoLEP had a 99% successful deobstruction rate, thus rendering patients catheter‐free.
An assessment of the physical impact of complex surgical tasks on surgeon errors and discomfort: a comparison between robot‐assisted, laparoscopic and open approaches
Authors: Elhage Oussama , Challacombe Ben , Shortland Adam , Dasgupta Prokar 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate, in a simulated suturing task, individual surgeons’ performance using three surgical approaches: open, laparoscopic and robot‐assisted.Subjects and MethodsSix urological surgeons made an in vitro simulated vesico‐urethral anastomosis. All surgeons performed the simulated suturing task using all three surgical approaches (open, laparoscopic and robot‐assisted). The time taken to perform each task was recorded. Participants were evaluated for perceived discomfort using the self‐reporting Borg scale. Errors made by surgeons were quantified by studying the video recording of the tasks. Anastomosis quality was quantified using scores for knot security, symmetry of suture, position of suture and apposition of anastomosis.ResultsThe time taken to complete the task by the laparoscopic approach was on average 221 s, compared with 55 s for the open approach and 116 s for the robot‐assisted approach (anova, P < 0.005). The number of errors and the level of self‐reported discomfort were highest for the laparoscopic approach (anova, P < 0.005). Limitations of the present study include the small sample size and variation in prior surgical experience of the participants.ConclusionsIn an in vitro model of anastomosis surgery, robot‐assisted surgery combines the accuracy of open surgery while causing lesser surgeon discomfort than laparoscopy and maintaining minimal access.
Meta‐analysis of robot‐assisted vs conventional laparoscopic and open pyeloplasty in children
Authors: Cundy Thomas P. , Harling Leanne , Hughes‐Hallett Archie , Mayer Erik K. , Najmaldin Azad S. , Athanasiou Thanos , Yang Guang‐Zhong , Darzi Ara 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo critically analyse outcomes for robot‐assisted pyeloplasty (RAP) vs conventional laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) or open pyeloplasty (OP) by systematic review and meta‐analysis of published data.Patients and MethodsStudies published up to December 2013 were identified from multiple literature databases. Only comparative studies investigating RAP vs LP or OP in children were included. Meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects modelling. Heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, and quality scoring were assessed. Effect sizes were estimated by pooled odds ratios and weighted mean differences. Primary outcomes investigated were operative success, re‐operation, conversions, postoperative complications, and urinary leakage. Secondary outcome measures were estimated blood loss (EBL), length of hospital stay (LOS), operating time (OT), analgesia requirement, and cost.ResultsIn all, 12 observational studies met inclusion criteria, reporting outcomes of 384 RAP, 131 LP, and 164 OP procedures. No randomised controlled trials were identified. Pooled analyses determined no significant differences between RAP and LP or OP for all primary outcomes. Significant differences in favour of RAP were found for LOS (vs LP and OP). Borderline significant differences in favour of RAP were found for EBL (vs OP). OT was significantly longer for RAP vs OP. Limited evidence indicates lower opiate analgesia requirement for RAP (vs LP and OP), higher total costs for RAP vs OP, and comparable costs for RAP vs LP.ConclusionsExisting evidence shows largely comparable outcomes amongst surgical techniques available to treat pelvi‐ureteric junction obstruction in children. RAP may offer shortened LOS, lower analgesia requirement (vs LP and OP), and lower EBL (vs OP); but compared with OP, these gains are at the expense of higher cost and longer OT. Higher quality evidence from prospective observational studies and clinical trials is required, as well as further cost‐effectiveness analyses. Not all perceived benefits of RAP are easily amenable to quantitative assessment.
‘You have to care.’ perceptions of promoting autonomy in support settings for adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Petner‐Arrey Jami , Copeland Susan R. 
Published: February 2014

Accessible SummaryPeople who get paid to support people with intellectual disabilities need to understand what is important to people with intellectual disabilities and how to help them get what they want. We asked people with intellectual disabilities and people paid to support them about what is important to people with disabilities and how people with disabilities can get what they want. We learned that:

The people with intellectual disabilities whom we talked to knew what they wanted.

The support people that we talked to had a hard time figuring out what people with intellectual disabilities wanted and how they could help them get what they wanted.

The support people that we talked to said that some of the rules at their jobs made it hard to help people with intellectual disabilities to do what they wanted.

Nearly everyone we talked to said that it was important to support people with intellectual disabilities in a caring way.

SummaryThis study from the south‐western United States investigated the perceptions of persons with intellectual disability receiving support and of persons providing support regarding the autonomy of people with intellectual disability. The participants included 10 people with intellectual disability and 10 support workers. Through interviews, this qualitative investigation examined issues related to autonomy in support services. Analysis of participant interviews revealed that support workers and people with intellectual disability faced challenges that restricted the promotion of the autonomy of people with intellectual disability. Both groups of participants noted that support workers had to care about their work with individuals with intellectual disability to effectively promote their autonomy.
Screening for diabetic retinopathy in adults with learning disability: current uptake and adjustments to facilitate equality of access
Authors: Pilling Rachel F. 
Published: February 2014

Accessible summary

People with learning disabilities who develop diabetes should be offered photograph tests of their eyes each year. People with learning disabilities who develop diabetes should have the same access to services as other people. This study looked at people with learning disabilities and diabetes to see whether they were getting the right tests for their eyes.

In Bradford, most people with learning disabilities and diabetes have their eyes checked. Some people do not go to the appointment or find the tests difficult. A few people are not given an appointment at all.

Changes should be made to help people with learning disabilities have their eyes checked, like allowing extra time and giving EasyRead information.

SummaryEquality of access to health care for adults with learning disability has been in the spotlight in the UK in recent years due to publication of several reports. Adults with learning disability are thought to account for a significant proportion of the diabetic population in the UK. A list of adults known to the learning disability health facilitation team, Bradford, Yorkshire, UK, was crossed checked against the list of adults known to be eligible for diabetic retinopathy screening held by general practice groups. Various criteria were devised by which the quality of the service and equality of access could be measured. Overall 91% had been offered diabetic retinal screening; however, 35% of patients did not have a recorded screening outcome. Adults with learning disability and diabetes represent a very small proportion of the total local diabetic population. National audit standards require that 80% of patients with diabetes undergo retinopathy screening, and currently, this standard is not being met for adults with learning disability. There are many barriers to diabetic retinopathy screening for a patient with learning disability, and suggestions for ways to improve equality of access are discussed.
Plant life on gypsum: a review of its multiple facets
Authors: Escudero Adrián , Palacio Sara , Maestre Fernando T. , Luzuriaga Arantzazu L. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe adaptation of plants to particular soil types has long intrigued biologists. Gypsum soils occupy large areas in many regions of the world and host a striking biological diversity, but their vegetation has been much less studied than that developing over serpentine or saline soils. Herein, we review all aspects of plant life on gypsum ecosystems, discuss the main processes driving their structure and functioning, and highlight the main conservation threats that they face. Plant communities in gypsum habitats typically show distinctive bands at very small spatial scales, which are mainly determined by topography. Plants living on gypsum soils can be classified into three categories: (i) wide gypsophiles are specialists that can penetrate the physical soil crust during early life stages and have physiological adjustments to cope with the chemical limitations imposed by gypsum soils; (ii) narrow gypsophiles are refugee plants which successfully deal with the physical soil crust and can tolerate these chemical limitations but do not show specific adaptations for this type of soils; and (iii) gypsovags are non‐specialist gypsum plants that can only thrive in gypsum soils when the physical crust is absent or reduced. Their ability to survive in gypsum soils may also be mediated by below‐ground interactions with soil microorganisms. Gypsophiles and gypsovags show efficient germination at low temperatures, seed and fruit heteromorphism within and among populations, and variation in seed dormancy among plants and populations. In gypsum ecosystems, spatio‐temporal changes in the composition and structure of above‐ground vegetation are closely related to those of the soil seed bank. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) dominated by cyanobacteria, lichens and mosses are conspicuous in gypsum environments worldwide, and are important drivers of ecosystem processes such as carbon and nitrogen cycling, water infiltration and run‐off and soil stability. These organisms are also important determinants of the structure of annual plant communities living on gypsum soils. The short‐distance seed dispersal of gypsophiles is responsible for the high number of very narrow endemisms typically found in gypsum outcrops, and suggests that these species are evolutionarily old taxa due to the time they need to colonize isolated gypsum outcrops by chance. Climate change and habitat fragmentation negatively affect both plants and BSCs in gypsum habitats, and are among the major threats to these ecosystems. Gypsum habitats and specialists offer the chance to advance our knowledge on restrictive soils, and are ideal models not only to test important evolutionary questions such as tolerance to low Ca/Mg proportions in soils, but also to improve the theoretical framework of community ecology and ecosystem functioning.
Trajectories of Indonesian Adolescents' Religiosity, Problem Behavior, and Friends' Religiosity: Covariation and Sequences
Authors: French Doran C. , Christ Sharon , Lu Ting , Purwono Urip 
Published: February 2014

Changes in religiosity, problem behavior, and their friends' religiosity over a 2‐year period were assessed in a sample of five hundred and fifty‐nine 15‐year‐old Indonesian Muslim adolescents. Adolescents self‐reported their religiosity, problem behavior, and friendships; the religiosity of mutual friends came from friends' self‐reports. A parallel process analysis of growth curves showed that adolescents' religiosity trajectories covaried with both problem behavior and friends' religiosity. Using a cross‐lagged model in which prior levels were controlled, religiosity at 10th and 11th grades predicted friends' religiosity 1 year later, suggesting that adolescents select friends of similar religiosity. This study provides evidence that religion is intertwined with other aspects of adolescent development and illustrates the importance of contextualizing adolescent religiosity within an ecological framework.