bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Cornerstones of Public Health Nursing in Norway and in the United States
Authors: Glavin Kari , Schaffer Marjorie A. , Halvorsrud Liv , Kvarme Lisbeth Gravdal 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis study describes a comparison of the values and beliefs foundational to community nursing practice in Norway with the Cornerstones of Public Health Nursing based on public health nursing practice in the United States.Design and SampleMethods included a review of the literature and focus groups to determine primary beliefs and values foundational to nursing practice in family, school, and home care settings in Norway.MeasuresAuthors reviewed documents written in English and Norwegian for content on values and beliefs represented in public health nursing. Data were gathered from two focus group meetings each with school, home care, and family health nurses in Norway (n = 19; n = 11).MethodFocus group questions addressed aspects of the values and beliefs of public health that are foundational to public health nursing. The researchers synthesized content themes of literature and focus groups.ResultsNine Norwegian cornerstones emerged from literature and focus groups. Six of the cornerstones were the same as the cornerstones from the United States, two were modified, and one new cornerstone emerged from the data.ConclusionsThe values and beliefs represented in the different modified cornerstones based on Norwegian community nursing practice capture the essence of public health nursing in Norway. The similarities between the two countries show that nurses have much in common, despite different health and governmental systems and laws.
Cost‐effectiveness of Using Quantiferon Gold (QFT‐G)® versus Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) among U.S. and Foreign Born Populations at a Public Health Department Clinic with a Low Prevalence of Tuberculosis
Authors: Iqbal Ayesha Z. , Leighton Jenelle , Anthony John , Knaup Richard C. , Peters Eleanor B. , Bailey Thomas C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the cost benefit to routinely using QFT‐G versus the standard TST for screening U.S. and foreign born populations at a public health department clinic with a low prevalence of tuberculosis.Design and SampleA comparative cost analysis of the monetization between QFT‐G and TST was conducted: Data from the health department's Chest Clinic patients seen in 2007 were used to model cost predictions.MeasuresThe net costs of screening, x‐rays, the standard 9 months of latent tuberculosis infection treatment, laboratory, and administration for U.S. born patients and foreign born patients were investigated.ResultsThere are no apparent cost savings for U.S. born individuals, but due to the higher specificity of QFT‐G for foreign born BCG‐vaccinated individuals, there are unnecessary expenditures associated with the higher number of false positives incurred when using TST compared with QFT‐G on 1,000 foreign born individuals (69%, 18%).ConclusionQFT‐G is cost‐effective and should be used at local health department clinics that want to achieve savings in screening and treating those suspected of having TB infection, especially for high‐risk populations such as foreign born individuals.
Synthesis of Zinc Chlorophyll Homo/Hetero‐Dyads and their Folded Conformers with Porphyrin, Chlorin, and Bacteriochlorin π‐Systems
Authors: Tamiaki Hitoshi , Fukai Kazuhiro , Shimazu Hideki , Shoji Sunao 
Published: October 2013

AbstractZinc complex of pyropheophorbide‐b, a derivative of chlorophyll‐b, was covalently dimerized through ethylene glycol diester. The synthetic homo‐dyad was axially ligated with two methanol molecules from the β‐face and both the diastereomerically coordinating methanol species were hydrogen bonded with the keto‐carbonyl groups of the neighboring chlorin in a complex. The resulting folded conformer in a solution was confirmed by visible, 1H NMR and IR spectra. All the synthetic zinc chlorin homo‐ and hetero‐dyads consisting of pyropheophorbides‐a, b and/or d took the above methanol‐locked and π–π stacked supramolecules in 1% (v/v) methanol and benzene to give redmost (Qy) electronic absorption band(s) at longer wavelengths than those of the corresponding monomeric chlorin composites. The other zinc chlorin and bacteriochlorin homo‐dyads completely formed similar folded conformers in the same solution, while zinc inverse chlorin and porphyrin homo‐dyads partially took such supramolecules. The J‐type aggregation to folded conformers and the redshift values of composite Qy bands were dependent on the electronic and steric factors of porphyrinoid moieties in dyads.
The Role of the Relative Dye/Photocatalyst Concentration in TiO2 Assisted Photodegradation Process
Authors: de Mendonça Vagner R. , Mourão Henrique A. J. L. , Malagutti Andréa R. , Ribeiro C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDespite photocatalytic degradation is studied generally focusing the catalyst, its interaction with the contaminant molecule plays a fundamental role in the efficiency of that process. Then, we proposed a comparative study about the photodegradation of two well‐known dyes, with different acidity/basicity – Methylene Blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB), catalyzed by TiO2 nanoparticles, varying both dye and photocatalyst concentrations. The results showed that the amphoteric character of MB molecules, even in a range of concentration of 5.0–10.0 mg L−1, did not imply in pH variation in solution. Therefore, it did not affect the colloidal behavior of TiO2 nanoparticles, independent of the relative dye/catalyst concentration. The acid–base character of RhB influenced the resultant pH of the solution, implicating in different colloidal behavior of the nanoparticles and consequently, in different degradation conditions according to dye concentration. As the isoelectric point of TiO2 is between the pH range of the RhB solutions used in this study, from 1.0 to 7.5 mg L−1, the resultant pH was the key factor for degradation conditions, from a well dispersed to an agglomerated suspension.
Coordination Chemistry‐Assembled Multicomponent Systems Built from a Gable‐Like Bis‐Porphyrin: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Beyler Maryline , Flamigni Lucia , Heitz Valérie , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre , Ventura Barbara 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMultiporphyrinic assemblies were quantitatively formed, in one step, from a gable‐like zinc(II) bis‐porphyrin ZnP2 and free‐base porphyrins bearing pyridyl groups. The different fragments are held together by axial 4′‐N(pyridyl)–Zn interactions. Formation of a macrocycle ZnP2•(4′‐cisDPyP) and a bis‐macrocycle (ZnP2)2•(TPyP) is discussed. The macrocycle and the bis‐macrocycle were crystallized and studied by X‐ray diffraction, which confirmed the excellent complementarity between the various components. Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric titrations and studies reveal high association constants for both multiporphyrinic assemblies due to the almost perfect geometrical match between the interacting units. As expected, energy transfer from the zinc porphyrin component to the free‐base porphyrin quenches the fluorescence of the zinc porphyrin components in both compounds. But while in ZnP2•(4′‐cis DPyP) sensitization of the emission of the free‐base porphyrin was observed, in (ZnP2)2•(TPyP) excitation of the peripheral Zn porphyrin units does not lead to quantitative sensitization of the luminescence of the free‐base porphyrin acceptor. An unusual HOMO–HOMO electron transfer reaction from ZnP2 to the excited TPyP unit was detected and studied.
Brush‐first and Click: Efficient Synthesis of Nanoparticles that Degrade and Release Doxorubicin in Response to Light
Authors: Burts Alan O. , Liao Longyan , Lu Ying Y. , Tirrell David A. , Johnson Jeremiah A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNew strategies for the synthesis of multifunctional particles that respond to external stimuli and release biologically relevant agents will enable the discovery of new formulations for drug delivery. In this article, we combine two powerful methods: brush‐first ring‐opening metathesis polymerization and copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry, for the synthesis of a novel class of brush‐arm star polymers (BASPs) that simultaneously degrade and release the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) in response to 365 nm light. In vitro cell viability studies were performed to study the toxicity of azide‐ and DOX‐loaded BASPs. The former were completely nontoxic. The latter showed minimal toxicity in the absence of light; UV‐triggered DOX release led to IC50 values that were similar to that of free DOX.
On the Formation of Thymine Photodimers in Thymine Single Strands and Calf Thymus DNA
Authors: Baggesen Lisbeth Munksgaard , Hoffmann Søren Vrønning , Nielsen Steen Brøndsted 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSolar light leads to thymine dimers that are mutagenic and primary cause of skin cancer. Here, we report absorption and synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (CD) spectra of Tn single strands with different number n of bases (n = 2–7, 10, 11) recorded after various 254 nm irradiation times. From a principal component analysis of the CD spectra, we extract fingerprint spectra of both the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) and the pyrimidine (6‐4) pyrimidone photoadduct (64PP). Extending the CD measurements to the vacuum ultraviolet region in combination with systematic examinations of size effects is a new approach to gain insight on the dimeric photoproducts. We find a simple linear correlation between n and average number of dimers formed after 1 h of irradiation. The probability for a thymine to engage in a dimer increases from 32% for n = 2 to 41% for n = 11, which implies limited effects of terminal thymines, i.e., the reaction does not occur preferentially at the extremities of the single strands as previously stated. It is even possible to form two dimers with only two bridging thymines. Finally, experiments conducted on calf thymus DNA provided a similar signature of the photodimer, but differences are also evident.
Vitamin D levels after UVB radiation: effects by UVA additions in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sallander Ellinor , Wester Ulf , Bengtsson Emil , Wiegleb Edström Desiree 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackgroundUltraviolet B (UVB) radiation increases the serum level of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. However, the impact of UVA on vitamin D synthesis by UVB is poorly understood clinically.ObjectiveTo examine how different combinations of UVA and UVB radiation affect S‐25(OH)D for the same vitamin D–weighted exposure.Materials and MethodsHealthy participants were recruited and subsequently divided into four comparable groups regarding initial 25(OH)D value. The different radiations given were whole‐body UVB (n = 23), UVAB (n = 23) and UVA (n = 10). The controls (n = 19) had no intervention. The exposure times were chosen to give the same calculated vitamin D effective dose (suberythemal exposures ≤1 standard erythema dose). Blood samples were collected before the first irradiation (t0), immediately after the last (fifth) irradiation (t1) and then after another 2 days after the last (fifth) irradiation (t2).ResultsUVB and UVAB radiation significantly increased 25(OH)D levels. In the UVA group the increase was less with the same vitamin D–weighted radiation dose.ConclusionsShort sessions of UVB or UVAB radiation with the same vitamin D–weighted exposure increased 25(OH)D levels. The UVA dose does not influence 25(OH)D levels under short exposure times. However, there was a significantly lower increase of 25(OH)D levels during longer UVA irradiation (≥9 min).
Comparison of photodermatoses in African‐Americans and Caucasians: a follow‐up study
Authors: Nakamura Mio , Henderson Marsha , Jacobsen Gordon , Lim Henry W. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackground/PurposeOnly a few studies have compared frequencies of photodermatoses among different races and skin types. This is an extension of a study performed by Kerr and Lim and evaluates the frequency of photodermatoses in African‐Americans compared with Caucasians in the same institution during an 8‐year period.MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed, including dermatology clinic charts from October 2004 to August 2012 with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnostic codes related to photodermatoses.ResultsWe identified 229 patients with photodermatoses. Of these, 138 (46.6%) were African‐American and 63 (42.2%) were Caucasian. Statistically significant differences in the distribution of photodermatoses in African‐Americans and Caucasians, respectively, were as follows: phototoxic drug eruption (0.7% and 15.9%, P < 0.0001), phytophotodermatitis (0% and 6.3%, P = 0.009), polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) (86.2% and 54%, P < 0.0001) and porphyrias (0% and 7.9%, P = 0.003).ConclusionCombined with data from Kerr and Lim, this is the largest study of photodermatoses in African‐Americans to date. Congruent to former studies, photodermatoses do occur regularly in dark‐skinned individuals. Overall, the frequency of photodermatoses in African‐Americans and Caucasians are similar; however, PMLE occurs more commonly in African‐Americans, and porphyias and phototoxicity occur more commonly in Caucasians.
Adaptations for insect‐trapping in brood‐site pollinated Colocasia (Araceae)
Authors: Bröderbauer D. , Ulrich S. , Weber A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe Araceae include both taxa with rewarding and deceptive trap pollination systems. Here we report on a genus in which rewarding and imprisonment of the pollinators co‐occur. We studied the pollination of four species of Colocasia in Southwest China and investigated the morpho‐anatomical adaptations of the spathe related to the attraction and capture of pollinators. All four species were pollinated by drosophilid flies of the genus Colocasiomyia. The flies are temporally arrested within the inflorescence and departure is only possible after pollen release. Trapping of the flies is accomplished by the closure of the spathe during anthesis. Moreover, in two species the spathe is covered with papillate epidermal cells known to form slippery surfaces in deceptive traps of Araceae. However, in Colocasia the papillae proved not slippery for the flies. The morpho‐anatomical properties of the spathe epidermis indicate that it is an elaborate osmophore and serves for the emission of odours only. Despite its similarity to deceptive traps of other aroids, Colocasia and Colocasiomyia have a close symbiotic relationship, as the attracted flies use the inflorescence as a site for mating and breeding. The trap mechanism has presumably evolved independently in Colocasia and is supposed to facilitate more efficient pollen export.
Phosphorylation pattern of Rubisco activase in Arabidopsis leaves
Authors: Boex‐Fontvieille E. , Daventure M. , Jossier M. , Hodges M. , Zivy M. , Tcherkez G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRubisco activase (RCA) is an ancillary photosynthetic protein essential for Rubisco activity. Some data suggest that post‐translational modifications (such as reduction of disulphide bridges) are involved in the regulation of RCA activity. However, despite the key role of protein phosphorylation in general metabolic regulation, RCA phosphorylation has not been well characterised. We took advantage of phosphoproteomics and gas exchange analyses with instant sampling adapted to Arabidopsis rosettes to examine the occurrence and variations of phosphopeptides associated with RCA in different photosynthetic contexts (CO2 mole fraction, light and dark). We detected two phosphopeptides from RCA corresponding to residues Thr 78 and Ser 172, and show that the former is considerably more phosphorylated in the dark than in the light, while the latter show no light/dark pattern. The CO2 mole fraction did not influence phosphorylation of either residue. Phosphorylation thus appears to be a potential mechanism associated with RCA dark inactivation, when Rubisco‐catalysed carboxylation is arrested. Since Thr 78 and Ser 172 are located in the N and Walker domains of the protein, respectively, the involvement of phosphorylation in protein–protein interaction and catalysis is likely.
Long‐term effect of salinity on plant quality, water relations, photosynthetic parameters and ion distribution in Callistemon citrinus
Authors: Álvarez S. , Sánchez‐Blanco M. J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe effect of saline stress on physiological and morphological parameters in Callistemon citrinus plants was studied to evaluate their adaptability to irrigation with saline water. C. citrinus plants, grown under greenhouse conditions, were subjected to two irrigation treatments lasting 56 weeks: control (0.8 dS·m−1) and saline (4 dS·m−1). The use of saline water in C. citrinus plants decreased aerial growth, increased the root/shoot ratio and improved the root system (increased root diameter and root density), but flowering and leaf colour were not affected. Salinity caused a decrease in stomatal conductance and evapotranspiration, which may prevent toxic levels being reached in the shoot. Net photosynthesis was reduced in plants subjected to salinity, although this response was evident much later than the decrease in stomatal conductance. Stem water potential was a good indicator of salt stress in C. citrinus. The relative salt tolerance of Callistemon was related to storage of higher levels of Na+ and Cl− in the roots compared with the leaves, especially in the case of Na+, which could have helped to maintain the quality of plants. The results show that saline water (around 4 dS·m−1) could be used for growing C. citrinus commercially. However, the cumulative effect of irrigating with saline water for 11 months was a decrease in photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency, meaning that the interaction of the salinity level and the time of exposure to the salt stress should be considered important in this species.
Maternal Infections during Pregnancy and Cerebral Palsy: A Population‐based Cohort Study
Authors: Miller Jessica E. , Pedersen Lars Henning , Streja Elani , Bech Bodil H. , Yeargin‐Allsopp Marshalyn , Van Naarden Braun Kim , Schendel Diana E. , Christensen Deborah , Uldall Peter , Olsen Jørn 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundCerebral palsy (CP) is a common motor disability in childhood. We examined the association between maternal infections during pregnancy and the risk of congenital CP in the child.MethodsLiveborn singletons in Denmark between 1997 and 2003 were identified from the Danish National Birth Registry and followed from 1 year of life until 2008. Redemption of antibiotics from the National Register of Medicinal Product Statistics and maternal infections reported by the National Hospital Register were used as markers of maternal infection during pregnancy. CP diagnoses were obtained from the Danish Cerebral Palsy Registry. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsOf the 440 564 singletons with follow‐up data, 840 were diagnosed with congenital CP. Maternal genito‐urinary tract infections (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4, 3.2) were associated with CP in all births, in term births (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1, 3.2), in children with spastic CP (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4, 3.3), and among first‐born children (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4, 3.3). Overall, we found associations between redeemed nitrofurantoin (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1, 2.8) and CP. Among trimester‐specific exposures, CP risk was associated with prescriptions redeemed in the first trimester for any antibacterials, beta‐lactam antibacterials, and nitrofurantoin, an antibiotic commonly used to treat lower urinary tract infection, and genito‐urinary tract infections in the third trimester.ConclusionGenito‐urinary tract infections and antibiotic use during pregnancy were associated with increased risks of CP, indicating that some maternal infections or causes of maternal infections present in prenatal life may be part of a causal pathway leading to CP.
Cerebral functional asymmetry and phonological performance in dyslexic adults
Authors: Hernandez N. , Andersson F. , Edjlali M. , Hommet C. , Cottier J. P. , Destrieux C. , Bonnet‐Brilhault F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDevelopmental dyslexia is a frequent language‐based learning disorder characterized by difficulty in reading. The predominant etiologic view postulates that reading impairment is related to phonological and orthographic dysfunction. The aim of this fMRI study was to evaluate the neural bases of phonological processing impairment in remediated dyslexic adults (DD). We used a rhyming words judgment task contrasted with an unreadable fonts font‐matching judgment task to compare patterns of activation and functional asymmetry inDDand normal‐reading young adults. We found evidence of a link between asymmetry in inferior frontal gyrus and performance during the phonological processing. We also observed thatDDrecruit a network including regions involved in articulatory control in order to achieve rhyme judgment suggesting that, due to a lack of hemispheric specialization,DDrecruit the latter network to achieve rhyme judgment.
The effects of recurrent episodes of depression on startle responses
Authors: Vaidyanathan Uma , Welo Evan J. , Malone Stephen M. , Burwell Scott J. , Iacono William G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPrior work suggests that major depression is associated with abnormal startle blink responses; however, only chronic or recurrent depression appears to be associated with this effect. The current study tested this hypothesis directly by examining whether recurrent major depression accounted for the anomalous startle seen in major depression using a sample of 515 female twins from the Minnesota Twin Family Study. Blink responses recorded at the age of 20 were examined in relation to number of episodes of depression prospectively assessed from ages 11 to 20. Results showed that only subjects who had experienced multiple episodes of depression showed abnormal startle responses. Subjects who had experienced just one episode of depression in their lifetime did not differ from controls. This lends additional support to the idea that recurrent depression may have a different etiological basis than nonrecurrent depression.
Evaluating Habitat Manipulations and Rodenticides to Protect Seedlings from Rodent Damage at Restored Landfills in New York
Authors: Witmer Gary W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSolid waste landfills have become rather commonplace in urbanized and industrialized regions of the world. If designed, managed, and restored properly, they can be converted to useful land uses. However, restoration of woody vegetation can be difficult when animal damage occurs. Numerous species of voles occur throughout the northern hemisphere and several may become serious pests of restoration plantings at high population density, increasing the expense and difficulty of establishing targeted plant communities. We anticipated that meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were responsible for causing the majority of damage to seedlings planted on restored landfill sites in Brooklyn, New York. We evaluated the ability of two habitat manipulations (e.g. mowing, pea gravel barrier) and rodenticides to protect seedlings. We documented substantial damage and deaths of seedlings caused by rodents in the study plots with losses (damaged or dead seedlings combined) ranging from 40 to 73%. These losses occurred regardless of seedling species. Because of the preponderance of voles (71% of all first‐time captures), we suspect that voles are the main species causing seedling damage. Substantial losses of seedlings occurred across treatments, although there were fewest losses with a pea gravel barrier treatment. While the pea gravel treatment reduced seedling losses about 55% compared to control plots, it is clear that additional research is needed to identify more efficient ways to reduce seedling losses to rodents in restoration plantings.