bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing Workplace Violence in Interprofessional Teams
Authors: Rosemberg Marie-Anne S. , Patel Rushika 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Workplace violence is a pervasive issue in clinical settings and other learning environments across specialties. It may manifest in a wide variety of forms that include subtle incivility and microaggression to overt physical assault. It is fueled by false preconceived stereotypes of individuals and/or groups based on various societally based constructs such as race, gender, and placement across the novice-to-expert spectrum. Workplace incivility produces many negative effects. Workplace violence–associated behaviors extend to the classroom and clinical learning environment, also occurring in a horizontal or lateral direction. All healthcare professionals must master skills that will enable them to recognize workplace incivility and other forms of workplace violence, address the behaviors, and understand the ethical individual and institutional roles and accountability processes necessary to foster effective collaboration in addition to effective health care provisions for groups of various diversities of backgrounds, experiences, thoughts, and knowledge. The goal of this chapter is to underscore pedagogical approaches to prepare healthcare professionals and interprofessional teams to address workplace violence ethically and professionally in relation to standards of practice, as well as to ensure equity in healthcare across majority and minority demographic groups in response to calls to address institutional injustices.
Off-Label Use of Drugs and Medical Devices
Authors: Compton Kimberly , Leininger Peter , Schultheis Lex 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews the clinician’s obligations when using a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved or cleared medical product for an unapproved use. Administration of an approved or cleared medical product for an unapproved use is often referred to as “off-label use.” This chapter examines how the evidence supporting drug prescribing information or device directions for use differs from a report in the academic literature, how the moral underpinnings of the physician–patient relationship are affected and what the physician’s responsibilities are when administering a product off-label, and how these duties have been codified into the ethics of medical practice and the professional requirements of academic research and education. Last, the chapter examines the legal implications of incorporating off-label use into one’s practice from the perspective of state civil, criminal, and federal laws. The reader should be able to address these questions for specific cases of off-label use in their own practice.
Ethical Issues in the Care of Transgender Youth
Authors: Roque Remigio A. , Gentry Katherine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents a problem-based learning discussion exploring ethical issues pertinent to gender-related healthcare of transgender adolescents. It reviews basic information about gender and gender identity, presents an overview of available gender-affirming treatments, and discusses the potential impact of gender-affirming care on patient well-being. It also describes some ethical considerations of such care and discusses the role of decision-making capacity as it applies to adolescent transgender care. This chapter is intended for a broad audience of students, trainees, and practitioners across a wide range of healthcare professions who may care for transgender adolescents in their practice.
Conditions of Comparative Brain Connectomics
Authors: Rockland Kathleen S. , Zachlod Daniel , Amunts Katrin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews several human-specific neuroanatomical features and how they are thought to be involved in vulnerabilities and disease. Most of the comparisons are between human and nonhuman primates, with extensive discussion of the rodent brain. The first part of the chapter addresses macro-scale organization, with discussion of large fiber bundles, tractography results, the evolutionarily conserved but species-modified default mode network, and ideas of network organization. Asymmetries are discussed in acomparative context. The second part of the chapter turns to the micro level, with comments concerning single-axon resolution and a survey of several microcircuitry components. These aspects are revisited in more detail through the lens of two structures, the dorsal thalamus and hippocampal formation. A short section sketches some of the problems and potentials of animal models and their relevance for the human condition, concluding with a table and links to connectivity databases and atlases in different species.
Human Cultural Evolution Outpaces Biological Evolution
Authors: Changeux Jean-Pierre 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The biological evolution of the brain is mostly under genetic control. By contrast, cultural evolution primarily relies on the dynamics of knowledge acquisition, storage, and transmission. The timescale of culture production, diversification, and propagation thus outpaces, by several orders of magnitude, that of paleontological brain hominization. In the present chapter, the genetic versus epigenetic mechanisms involved in these two distinct evolutions and their intertwining are discussed. A significant outcome is the important interindividual variability of adult brain connectomics as a result of the essential contribution of synaptic epigenesis in the course of postnatal development, which becomes superimposed on genetic variability.
Foundations of Perinatal Genetic Counseling
Authors: Roy Kali Bogaard , Mathiesen Amber 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Foundations of Perinatal Genetic Counseling (second edition) provides an overview of the core concepts needed to practice perinatal genetic counseling, including the basics of pregnancy, the genetic counseling appointment, family and pregnancy history, prenatal screening, prenatal diagnosis, common indications, carrier screening, management of high-risk pregnancy, assisted reproductive technology, preimplantation genetic testing, and common situations arising in perinatal genetic counseling. It discusses general obstetrical information as it pertains to perinatal genetic counseling including topics such as calculating gestational age, understanding gravidity and parity, and reproductive options. This book reviews the key components of a perinatal genetic counseling session, how to take a perinatal family, medical, and pregnancy history as well as prenatal risk evaluation based on age, family and pregnancy history, testing results, and ultrasound findings. Detailed descriptions of both prenatal screening and diagnostic testing options including biochemical screening, cell-free DNA screening, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling are delineated as well as an explanation of carrier testing including methods of testing, types of conditions, and indications for testing. This text provides information on the indications for referral to a perinatal genetic counselor such as age-related risks, personal and family history, ultrasound anomalies, teratogen exposure, recurrent pregnancy loss, and preconception counseling. It also reviews the management and types of referrals made in a high-risk pregnancy. Assisted reproductive technology is reviewed as well as descriptions of preimplantation genetic testing types. It also describes common psychosocial and ethical situations encountered in perinatal genetic counseling.
Pregnancy Basics
Authors: Phillips Amber Mathiesen , Roy Kali Bogaard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides background on pregnancy concepts that are essential to understand when working in the perinatal setting. Topics include pregnancy timeline and duration, the difference between gestational and embryonic ages, methods for establishing an expected due date, and tools for assisting with pregnancy dating, including pregnancy wheels and online tools. General pregnancy care topics are also addressed, including types of obstetric providers; common lab tests including the complete blood count, blood type, antibody testing, and HbA1C; and imaging, including the first-, second-, and third-trimester ultrasounds. Specialized evaluations, such as a nuchal translucency and fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are also discussed. Last, there is an explanation with examples of how to document a pregnancy history by gravidity and parity.
The Perinatal Genetic Counseling Appointment and Family History
Authors: Phillips Amber Mathiesen , Roy Kali Bogaard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter on the perinatal genetic counseling appointment and the documentation of a family history outlines the basic components of the perinatal genetic counseling session as well as some considerations when taking a family history that are particularly relevant to the perinatal setting. The chapter reviews the fundamental components of the perinatal genetic counseling session. It discusses specific details with regard to obtaining a pregnancy history and family history, as well as how to interpret those histories. Lastly, it discusses unique situations that may arise in the perinatal setting when taking a pregnancy and family history. Those discussed include gamete and embryo donation, same sex partners, transgender and gender nonconforming individuals, gestational carriers and surrogacy, adoption, and ethnicity/ancestry.
Prenatal Screening
Authors: Phillips Amber Mathiesen , Roy Kali Bogaard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides information about a genetic counselor’s role in prenatal screening, including discussing and offering options to a patient, interpreting and providing results, or managing referrals based on abnormal results. It discusses how a screen is evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and personal utility. Discussion of Bayes’ analysis is also included. It provides a detailed description of both biochemical and cell-free DNA testing. The biochemical screening discussion includes information on multiples of median, calculating risk, timing, pattern association, limitations, and follow-up. The review of cell-free DNA screening includes fetal fraction, methodology, test performance, limitations and considerations for testing, and follow-up. This chapter also provides a list of additional resources to use for cell-free DNA screening.
Common Indications
Authors: Phillips Amber Mathiesen , Roy Kali Bogaard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes common reasons for referral to a perinatal genetic counselor including age-related risks, personal and family history, genetic conditions affecting the pregnant patient, ultrasound anomalies, teratogen exposure, recurrent pregnancy loss, and preconception counseling. Egg and sperm age-related pregnancy risks and a referral for a personal and/or family history of various conditions are described. The section “Genetic Conditions Affecting the Pregnant Patient” reviews diagnoses that have specific medical management considerations and referrals needed. The chapter reviews ultrasound anomalies and describes common ultrasound findings associated with aneuploidy, and hallmark ultrasound findings associated with particular genetic conditions, as well as identification of open neural tube defects. Teratogen exposure during pregnancy is discussed, including timing, dose, and duration and a description of typical features and symptoms associated with common teratogens. The chapter reviews the evaluation of pregnancy loss and stillbirth, infertility, and referral for preconception counseling.
Pregnancy Management
Authors: Phillips Amber Mathiesen , Roy Kali Bogaard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes a patient’s pregnancy options and subsequent care after a pregnancy is “high risk” due to a known genetic condition or birth defect. It reviews the reproductive options available, including continuation of pregnancy, adoption, and pregnancy termination. The timing of pregnancy termination is described, including methods used during the first and second trimesters, as well as termination later in pregnancy. This chapter also reviews the possible management referrals that may be made if the patient chooses to continue the pregnancy, including perinatology, specialized imaging, cardiology, neonatology, fetal surgery and interventions, pediatric surgery, pediatric subspecialties, pathology, and palliative care. It also discusses referrals for further support.
Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Options
Authors: Phillips Amber Mathiesen , Roy Kali Bogaard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on assisted reproductive technology and reproductive options. It also provides a comprehensive description of the basic techniques of assisted reproductive technologies as well as testing options prior to in vitro fertilization. Here the preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A), preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements (PGT-SR), and preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic genetic conditions (PGT-M) are all delineated. This chapter discusses the details of each PGT type including their process and limitations such as mosaic embryos, linkage analysis, and allele dropout. It will also explain the emerging technology of preimplantation genetic testing for polygenic risk (PGT-P).
Common Perinatal Genetic Counseling Situations
Authors: Phillips Amber Mathiesen , Roy Kali Bogaard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights common situations in perinatal counseling, including challenging circumstances, complex situations, and ethical dilemmas. It discusses conflicts that may arise from pregnancy termination; complexities surrounding the identification of incidental findings, such as misattributed identity of the individual contributing the sperm to a pregnancy, discovery of consanguinity, or discovery of an incidental condition; and issues surrounding privacy and confidentiality, including familial implications of genetic knowledge. Also discussed are difficult circumstances such as partners in conflict or nonparticipation of a partner and dealing with uncertainty in various situations including fetal diagnosis and prognosis, family history, complex conditions, and variants of uncertain significance. Conflicts around fetal sex determination, the disclosure of adult onset conditions, and the situation when a patient asks for provider guidance in making a decision are discussed. Barriers to the consenting process are outlined as are the complexities of practicing in a field of rapidly evolving technologies.
Epilepsy and intellectual disabilities
Authors: Andrews Tim , Shankar Rohit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Epilepsy is significantly more common in people with intellectual disabilities than the general population and the presentation is often more complex. Epilepsy is associated with increased rates of psychosis, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, dementia, and autistic spectrum disorders. Treatment-resistant epilepsy and adverse reactions to antiseizure medications are more frequent in people with intellectual disabilities, which makes balancing quality of life issues with seizure control particularly challenging. Understanding of the interrelationship between developmental brain disorders and seizures may be helped in many cases by the rapidly expanding field of genomics. Side effects of medication are easier to miss in people with intellectual disabilities and may be complicated by polypharmacy and diagnostic overshadowing.
Attachment
Authors: Harris James C. , Coyle Joseph T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Social attachment is the decisive evolutionary event that establishes human social bonds. It is the intensity of secure early infant bonding that ensures sociability and predicts optimal social adaptation. Parental care and mutual engagement between mother and infant are the origin of sociability. This chapter reviews biobehavioral synchrony and how early infant bonding ensures sociability and predicts optimal social adaptation. It outlines how the attachment system is most efficient when interacting with the person whom the child believes is the most likely to respond. A failure in response by the family caregiver causes stress and may be traumatic. Parental care and mutual engagement between parent and infant are the origin of this sociability.
Emergence of the Self
Authors: Harris James C. , Coyle Joseph T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In attachment theory, the infant is thought to be prepared to engage in social interactions from birth. Moreover, maternal responsiveness is essential for the development of the self, and actual mother–child transactions are reflected in mental representations of the self and mother. When considering the self, a distinction is drawn between the self as an agent, “knower,” or the “I” and the self as the object of knowledge or the “me.” The self has been viewed by some as having a central role in personality development but by others as a source of confusion and complication. This chapter reviews the history of the social self in attachment theory, the executive “I” and its internal working models, the development of a sense of self, the development of a theory of mind, the self in developmental disorders, and the neurobiological framework of self as object.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Harris James C. , Coyle Joseph T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) often goes undiagnosed. Importantly, alcohol exposure during the prenatal period is preventable. The recommended prevention guideline is that there is no safe amount of alcohol to drink in any trimester of pregnancy. The manifestations of gestational substance abuse with alcohol are highly correlated with extent of alcohol use, maternal health, postnatal adversity, and genetic factors. The most debilitating consequence of prenatal exposure to alcohol is injury to the central nervous system. It is manifest in intellectual, neurological, and behavioral abnormalities. This chapter describes the history, epidemiology, diagnosis and classification, clinical features, natural history, etiology (genetics), neuroimaging, associated mental and behavioral disorders, and treatment of FASD.
Kiese Laymon and the Pedagogy of Revision
Authors: Schwartz Benjamin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article reads Kiese Laymon’s Heavy: An American Memoir (2018) as a critique of education in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s. Through an interrogation of Laymon’s own experiences as a student and an educator, Heavy demonstrates how desegregation set Black students up to suffer in new and unique ways. Equally important, the text shows how Black students and families worked to sustain each other in the face of the harmful pedagogies they were offered. In contrast to the “meager” pedagogical approaches that the narrator endures, Heavy presents a model of teaching and learning that seeks to sustain what Laymon calls “black abundance.” Pedagogies of Black abundance, Heavy shows, draw on Black vernacular culture and ways of teaching practiced in all-Black schools of the early twentieth century in order to sustain the intellectual curiosity, physical well-being, and spiritual wholeness of Black students. While Heavy ultimately refuses to say whether it is possible to revise the toxic pedagogies that became entrenched during Laymon’s middle and high school years, the text’s vision of Black abundance gestures toward ways of being together in the classroom that have the potential to sustain Black students in the current day.
The dark energy survey supernova program: investigating beyond-ΛCDM
Authors: Camilleri R , Davis T M , Vincenzi M , Shah P , Frieman J , Kessler R , Armstrong P , Brout D , Carr A , Chen R , Galbany L , Glazebrook K , Hinton S R , Lee J , Lidman C , Möller A , Popovic B , Qu H , Sako M , Scolnic D , Smith M , Sullivan M , Sánchez B O , Taylor G , Toy M , Wiseman P , Abbott T M C , Aguena M , Allam S , Alves O , Annis J , Avila S , Bacon D , Bertin E , Bocquet S , Brooks D , Burke D L , Rosell A Carnero , Carretero J , Castander F J , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , Desai S , Diehl H T , Doel P , Doux C , Everett S , Ferrero I , Flaugher B , Fosalba P , García-Bellido J , Gatti M , Gaztanaga E , Giannini G , Gruen D , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Kuehn K , Lahav O , Lee S , Lewis G F , Marshall J L , Mena-Fernández J , Miquel R , Muir J , Myles J , Ogando R L C , Pieres A , Malagón A A Plazas , Porredon A , Rodriguez-Monroy M , Sanchez E , Cid D Sanchez , Schubnell M , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Walker A R , Weaverdyck N ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
We report constraints on a variety of non-standard cosmological models using the full 5-yr photometrically classified type Ia supernova sample from the Dark Energy Survey (DES-SN5YR). Both Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Suspiciousness calculations find no strong evidence for or against any of the non-standard models we explore. When combined with external probes, the AIC and Suspiciousness agree that 11 of the 15 models are moderately preferred over Flat-$\Lambda$CDM suggesting additional flexibility in our cosmological models may be required beyond the cosmological constant. We also provide a detailed discussion of all cosmological assumptions that appear in the DES supernova cosmology analyses, evaluate their impact, and provide guidance on using the DES Hubble diagram to test non-standard models. An approximate cosmological model, used to perform bias corrections to the data holds the biggest potential for harbouring cosmological assumptions. We show that even if the approximate cosmological model is constructed with a matter density shifted by $\Delta \Omega _{\rm m}\sim 0.2$ from the true matter density of a simulated data set the bias that arises is subdominant to statistical uncertainties. Nevertheless, we present and validate a methodology to reduce this bias.
FAUST XIX. D2CO in the outflow cavities of NGC 1333 IRAS 4A: recovering the physical structure of its original prestellar core
Authors: Chahine Layal , Ceccarelli Cecilia , De Simone Marta , Chandler Claire J , Codella Claudio , Podio Linda , López-Sepulcre Ana , Svoboda Brian , Sabatini Giovanni , Sakai Nami , Loinard Laurent , Vastel Charlotte , Balucani Nadia , Rimola Albert , Ugliengo Piero , Aikawa Yuri , Bianchi Eleonora , Bouvier Mathilde , Caselli Paola , Charnley Steven , Cuello Nicolás , Hanawa Tomoyuki , Johnstone Doug , Maureira Maria José , Ménard Francois , Shirley Yancy , Testi Leonardo , Yamamoto Satoshi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Molecular deuteration is a powerful diagnostic tool for probing the physical conditions and chemical processes in astrophysical environments. In this work, we focus on formaldehyde deuteration in the protobinary system NGC 1333 IRAS 4A, located in the Perseus molecular cloud. Using high-resolution ($\sim$100 au) ALMA (The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) observations, we investigate the [D$_2$CO]/[HDCO] ratio along the cavity walls of the outflows emanating from IRAS 4A1. Our analysis reveals a consistent decrease in the deuteration ratio (from $\sim$60-20 per cent to $\sim$10 per cent) with increasing distance from the protostar (from $\sim$2000 to $\sim$4000 au). Given the large measured [D$_2$CO]/[HDCO], both HDCO and D$_2$CO are likely injected by the shocks along the cavity walls into the gas-phase from the dust mantles, formed in the previous prestellar phase. We propose that the observed [D$_2$CO]/[HDCO] decrease is due to the density profile of the prestellar core from which NGC 1333 IRAS 4A was born. When considering the chemical processes at the base of formaldehyde deuteration, the IRAS 4A’s prestellar precursor had a predominantly flat density profile within 3000 au and a decrease of density beyond this radius.