bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chlorhexidine release from orthodontic adhesives after topical chlorhexidine treatment
Authors: Lim Bum‐Soon , Cheng Yanping , Lee Seung‐Pyo , Ahn Sug‐Joon 
Published: March 2013

This study was designed to investigate the ability of orthodontic adhesives to adsorb and release chlorhexidine (CHX) after periodic treatment with 1% CHX solution. Composite and resin‐modified glass‐ionomer cement (RM‐GIC) adhesive disks were incubated with whole saliva or distilled water for 2 h. Release of CHX was measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography after 1, 2, and 5 d of incubation, 1 min after exposure to 1% CHX solution. The CHX measurements were performed in a 5‐d cycle, which was repeated four consecutive times (n = 7). The amount of CHX adsorbed and the cumulative amounts of CHX released, with respect to type of adhesive and saliva‐coating, were analyzed using repeated‐measures anova. Chlorhexidine‐adsorbed orthodontic adhesives demonstrated a short‐term release of CHX, which rapidly returned to near‐baseline levels within 3 d. Saliva‐coating did not significantly influence CHX release from RM‐GIC, but increased the amount of CHX released from the composite. The amount of CHX released from the composite was 20‐fold higher than that released from the RM‐GIC after saliva‐coating. The composite adhesive showed a greater adsorption capacity for CHX than did the RM‐GIC, which was more evident after saliva‐coating. This study suggests that composite adhesives may be a significantly more effective CHX reservoir than RM‐GICs in the oral cavity filled with saliva.
Potential role ofFoxO1 and mTORC1 in the pathogenesis ofWestern diet‐induced acne
Authors: Melnik Bodo C. , Zouboulis Christos C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAcne in adolescents of developed countries is an epidemic skin disease and has currently been linked to theWestern diet (WD). It is the intention of this viewpoint to discuss the possible impact ofWD‐mediated nutrient signalling in the pathogenesis of acne. High glycaemic load and dairy protein consumption both increase insulin/insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) signalling (IIS) that is superimposed on elevatedIGF‐1 signalling of puberty. The cell's nutritional status is primarily sensed by the forkhead box transcription factorO1 (FoxO1) and the serine/threonine kinase mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). IncreasedIISextrudesFoxO1 into the cytoplasm, whereas nuclearFoxO1 suppresses hepaticIGF‐1 synthesis and thus impairs somatic growth.FoxO1 attenuates androgen signalling, interacts with regulatory proteins important for sebaceous lipogenesis, regulates the activity of innate and adaptive immunity, antagonizes oxidative stress and most importantly functions as a rheostat of mTORC1, the master regulator of cell growth, proliferation and metabolic homoeostasis. Thus,FoxO1 links nutrient availability to mTORC1‐driven processes: increased protein and lipid synthesis, cell proliferation, cell differentiation including hyperproliferation of acroinfundibular keratinocytes, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, increased sebaceous lipogenesis, insulin resistance and increased body mass index. Enhanced androgen,TNF‐α andIGF‐1 signalling due to genetic polymorphisms promoting the risk of acne all converge in mTORC1 activation, which is further enhanced by nutrient signalling ofWD. Deeper insights into the molecular interplay ofFoxO1/mTORC1‐mediated nutrient signalling are thus of critical importance to understand the impact ofWDon the promotion of epidemic acne and more serious mTORC1‐driven diseases of civilization.
Ambient assisted living system with capacitive occupancy sensor
Authors: Fernandez‐Luque Francisco J. , Martínez Félix L. , Domènech Ginés , Zapata Juan , Ruiz Ramón 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAlert intelligent device is an ambient assisted living (AAL) system that allows the evaluation of potentially dangerous situations for elderly people living alone at home. This evaluation is obtained by an ad hoc network of sensor nodes, working in conjunction with an ambient intelligence layer embedded in a personal computer that learns from user behaviour patterns and warns when a detected pattern differs significantly from previously acquired normal patterns. Each new datum read from sensors is processed in the ambient intelligence layer through three processing levels: shallow, intermediate and deep. The shallow processing level focuses on physical data and sensory features. The intermediate level covers information interpretation and its translation into the form required by the third level: the reasoning processing or deep level.In alert intelligent device, energy is a critical issue, so that sensor devices need to be properly designed and managed to achieve significant energy saving. The use of bed/chair occupancy sensors is mandatory for this kind of ubiquitous computing system. A first way to approach this problem relied on the use of pressure mats, but several environmental drawbacks showed them inappropriate as an efficient and reliable solution for large volume deployments. Moreover, solutions based on force‐to‐resistor transducers entail power consumption budgets that keep them from being integrated on wireless sensor nodes. In this paper, a force‐capacitive transducer based sensor has been proposed, implemented and tested. This sensor is based on electromechanical film (EMFi) transducers, which are able to detect force variations in a quasi‐passive way. This kind of transducer behaves as capacitors with variable capacitance depending on the force exerted on its surface. We have developed a new technique to carry out the characterization of these transducers, where the detection of a force change is used to trigger an active mechanism that allows us to measure the weight by means of a novel modelling approach. A low‐power wireless sensor node prototype that includes this new transducer has been assembled and tested on a wide range of weights. Occupancy detection achieved by this technology has proven to be successful, increasing the total power consumption of the node by less than 15%, which makes it suitable for implementation.
Biotic and abiotic controls on body size during critical life history stages of a pelagic fish, Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii)
Authors: Reum Jonathan C. P. , Essington Timothy E. , Greene Correigh M. , Rice Casimir A. , Polte Patrick , Fresh Kurt L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractVariation in growth and body size during critical life history stages can have important implications for life history schedules and survivorship. For Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), there is still debate as to whether juvenile body size is governed by density‐dependent or ‐independent processes and few have evaluated whether the relative importance of either process shifts over the course of early ontogeny. We used a unique data set consisting of seasonal measurements of abundance, body size, and spatial distribution within a semi‐enclosed basin of Puget Sound (Washington State, U.S.A.) to measure the relative importance of temperature and cohort abundance on body size at distinct time periods, and evaluated whether density‐dependent habitat shifts might be responsible for density‐dependent growth. Over the 9 years of sampling (2001–2010) midsummer body size was positively related to temperatures experienced during the egg/yolk sac and larval stages and unrelated to cohort abundance. However, fall body size was negatively correlated with abundance and uncorrelated with both midsummer body size and temperature, indicating a shift from density‐independent to density‐dependent control over the course of the growing season. Thus, density‐dependent effects may supplant density‐independent effects exhibited early in herring life history. Our data on spatial distributions of herring and their zooplankton prey indicate that density‐dependent reductions in growth may be explained by density‐dependent habitat shifts that lead to reduce overlap of herring with zooplankton. Evidence of density‐dependent growth in marine fish populations is often attributed to exploitative competition, but our results suggest that these patterns may partly be mediated by density‐dependent distribution expansions in to prey‐poor habitat.
Does dissolved organic carbon regulate biological methane oxidation in semiarid soils?
Authors: Sullivan Benjamin W. , Selmants Paul C. , Hart Stephen C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn humid ecosystems, the rate of methane (CH4) oxidation by soil‐dwelling methane‐oxidizing bacteria (MOB) is controlled by soil texture and soil water holding capacity, both of which limit the diffusion of atmospheric CH4 into the soil. However, it remains unclear whether these same mechanisms control CH4 oxidation in more arid soils. This study was designed to measure the proximate controls of potential CH4 oxidation in semiarid soils during different seasons. Using a unique and well‐constrained 3‐million‐year‐old semiarid substrate age gradient, we were able to hold state factors constant while exploring the relationship between seasonal potential CH4 oxidation rates and soil texture, soil water holding capacity, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We measured unexpectedly higher rates of potential CH4 oxidation in the wet season than the dry season. Although other studies have attributed low CH4 oxidation rates in dry soils to desiccation of MOB, we present several lines of evidence that this may be inaccurate. We found that soil DOC concentration explained CH4 oxidation rates better than soil physical factors that regulate the diffusion of CH4 from the atmosphere into the soil. We show evidence that MOB facultatively incorporated isotopically labeled glucose into their cells, and MOB utilized glucose in a pattern among our study sites that was similar to wet‐season CH4 oxidation rates. This evidence suggests that DOC, which is utilized by MOB in other environments with varying effects on CH4 oxidation rates, may be an important regulator of CH4 oxidation rates in semiarid soils. Our collective understanding of the facultative use of DOC by MOB is still in its infancy, but our results suggest it may be an important factor controlling CH4 oxidation in soils from dry ecosystems.
Persistent versus transient tree encroachment of temperate peat bogs: effects of climate warming and drought events
Authors: Heijmans Monique M. P. D. , van der Knaap Yasmijn A. M. , Holmgren Milena , Limpens Juul 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPeatlands store approximately 30% of global soil carbon, most in moss‐dominated bogs. Future climatic changes, such as changes in precipitation patterns and warming, are expected to affect peat bog vegetation composition and thereby its long‐term carbon sequestration capacity. Theoretical work suggests that an episode of rapid environmental change is more likely to trigger transitions to alternative ecosystem states than a gradual, but equally large, change in conditions. We used a dynamic vegetation model to explore the impacts of drought events and increased temperature on vegetation composition of temperate peat bogs. We analyzed the consequences of six patterns of summer drought events combined with five temperature scenarios to test whether an open peat bog dominated by moss (Sphagnum) could shift to a tree‐dominated state. Unexpectedly, neither a gradual decrease in the amount of summer precipitation nor the occurrence of a number of extremely dry summers in a row could shift the moss‐dominated peat bog permanently into a tree‐dominated peat bog. The increase in tree biomass during drought events was unable to trigger positive feedbacks that keep the ecosystem in a tree‐dominated state after a return to previous ‘normal’ rainfall conditions. In contrast, temperature increases from 1 °C onward already shifted peat bogs into tree‐dominated ecosystems. In our simulations, drought events facilitated tree establishment, but temperature determined how much tree biomass could develop. Our results suggest that under current climatic conditions, peat bog vegetation is rather resilient to drought events, but very sensitive to temperature increases, indicating that future warming is likely to trigger persistent vegetation shifts.
Evolutionary refugia and ecological refuges: key concepts for conserving Australian arid zone freshwater biodiversity under climate change
Authors: Davis Jenny , Pavlova Alexandra , Thompson Ross , Sunnucks Paul 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRefugia have been suggested as priority sites for conservation under climate change because of their ability to facilitate survival of biota under adverse conditions. Here, we review the likely role of refugial habitats in conserving freshwater biota in arid Australian aquatic systems where the major long‐term climatic influence has been aridification. We introduce a conceptual model that characterizes evolutionary refugia and ecological refuges based on our review of the attributes of aquatic habitats and freshwater taxa (fishes and aquatic invertebrates) in arid Australia. We also identify methods of recognizing likely future refugia and approaches to assessing the vulnerability of arid‐adapted freshwater biota to a warming and drying climate. Evolutionary refugia in arid areas are characterized as permanent, groundwater‐dependent habitats (subterranean aquifers and springs) supporting vicariant relicts and short‐range endemics. Ecological refuges can vary across space and time, depending on the dispersal abilities of aquatic taxa and the geographical proximity and hydrological connectivity of aquatic habitats. The most important are the perennial waterbodies (both groundwater and surface water fed) that support obligate aquatic organisms. These species will persist where suitable habitats are available and dispersal pathways are maintained. For very mobile species (invertebrates with an aerial dispersal phase) evolutionary refugia may also act as ecological refuges. Evolutionary refugia are likely future refugia because their water source (groundwater) is decoupled from local precipitation. However, their biota is extremely vulnerable to changes in local conditions because population extinction risks cannot be abated by the dispersal of individuals from other sites. Conservation planning must incorporate a high level of protection for aquifers that support refugial sites. Ecological refuges are vulnerable to changes in regional climate because they have little thermal or hydrological buffering. Accordingly, conservation planning must focus on maintaining meta‐population processes, especially through dynamic connectivity between aquatic habitats at a landscape scale.
Exploring tree species colonization potentials using a spatially explicit simulation model: implications for four oaks under climate change
Authors: Prasad Anantha M. , Gardiner Judith D. , Iverson Louis R. , Matthews Stephen N , Peters Matthew 
Published: March 2013

AbstractClimate change impacts tree species differentially by exerting unique pressures and altering their suitable habitats. We previously predicted these changes in suitable habitat for current and future climates using a species habitat model (DISTRIB) in the eastern United States. Based on the accuracy of the model, the species assemblages should eventually reflect the new quasi‐equilibrium suitable habitats (~2100) after accounting for the lag in colonization. However, it is an open question if and when these newly suitable habitats will be colonized under current fragmented landscapes and realistic migration rates. To evaluate this, we used a spatially explicit cell‐based model (SHIFT) that estimates colonization potentials under current fragmented habitats and several estimates of historical migration rates at a 1 km resolution. Computation time, which was previously the biggest constraint, was overcome by a novel application of convolution and Fast Fourier Transforms. SHIFT outputs, when intersected with future suitable habitats predicted by DISTRIB, allow assessment of colonization potential under future climates. In this article, we show how our approach can be used to screen multiple tree species for their colonization potentials under climate change. In particular, we use the DISTRIB and SHIFT models in combination to assess if the future dominant forest types in the north will really be dominated by oaks, as modelled via DISTRIB. Even under optimistic scenarios, we conclude that only a small fraction of the suitable habitats of oaks predicted by DISTRIB is likely to be occupied within 100 years, and this will be concentrated in the first 10–20 km from the current boundary. We also show how DISTRIB and SHIFT can be used to evaluate the potential for assisted migration of vulnerable tree species, and discuss the dynamics of colonization at range limits.
Mid‐Cycle Headaches and Their Relationship to Different Patterns of Premenstrual Stress Symptoms
Authors: Kiesner Jeff , Martin Vincent T. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundRecent research has shown that affective changes associated with the menstrual cycle may follow diverse patterns, including a classic premenstrual syndrome pattern, as well as the mirror opposite pattern, referred to as a mid‐cycle pattern.ObjectiveTest for the presence of a mid‐cycle pattern of headaches, in addition to a menstrual pattern and a noncyclic pattern; test for an association between experiencing a specific pattern of headaches and a specific (previously identified) pattern of depression/anxiety; and test for mean‐level differences, across headache pattern groups, in average headache index and depression/anxiety scores (averaged across 2 menstrual cycles for each participant).MethodsA sample of 213 female university students completed daily questionnaires regarding symptoms of headaches and depression/anxiety for 2 menstrual cycles. Hierarchical linear modeling, polynomial multiple regression, analyses of variance, and chi‐square analyses were used to test the hypotheses.ResultsConfirmed the existence of a mid‐cycle pattern of headaches (16%), in addition to a menstrual pattern (51%), and a noncyclic pattern of headaches (33%). Patterns of headaches and affective change were significantly associated (χ2 = 21.33, P = .0003; 54% correspondence), as were the average headache index and depression/anxiety scores (r = .49; P < .0001). No significant mean‐level differences were found between the headache pattern groups on the average headache index scores or depression/anxiety scores.ConclusionsA significant number of women experience a mid‐cycle pattern of headaches during the menstrual cycle. Moreover, women often, but not always, demonstrate the same pattern of headaches and depression/anxiety symptoms.
‘The onus is on me’: primary care patient views of Medicare‐funded team care in chronic disease management in Australia
Authors: Foster Michele M. , Mitchell Geoffrey K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground and objectiveThis study investigated the views of primary care patients in receipt of Medicare‐funded team care for chronic disease management (CDM) in Australia.DesignA qualitative study using a repeat in‐depth interview design.Participants and settingTwenty‐three patients (17 female), aged 32–89, were recruited over a six‐month period from two purposively selected general practices: one urban and one regional practice in Queensland, Australia.Data collection procedureSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with participants 6 months apart. An interview guide was used to ensure consistency of topics explored. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and a thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsPatients in this study viewed the combined contributions of a GP and other health professionals in team care as thorough and reassuring. In this case of Medicare‐funded team care, patients also saw obligations within the structured care routine which cultivated a personal ethics of CDM. This was further influenced by how patients viewed their role in the health‐care relationship. Aside from personal obligations, Medicare funding got patients engaged in team care by providing financial incentives. Indeed, this was a defining factor in seeing allied health professionals. However, team care was also preferential due to patients' valuations of costs and benefits.ConclusionPatients are likely to engage with a structured team care approach to CDM if there is a sense of personal obligation and sufficient financial incentive. The level of engagement in team care is likely to be optimized if patient expectations and preferences are considered in decisions.
SATB2 is a novel marker of osteoblastic differentiation in bone and soft tissue tumours
Authors: Conner James R , Hornick Jason L 
Published: March 2013

AimsDiagnosing osteosarcoma can be challenging, as osteoid deposition is often limited in extent, and hyalinized stroma may closely mimic osteoid. SATB2 is a nuclear protein that plays a critical role in osteoblast lineage commitment. The aim of this study was to examine SATB2 expression in osteosarcomas and other bone and soft tissue tumours, to evaluate its diagnostic utility.Methods and resultsWhole sections of 215 tumours were evaluated, including 52 osteosarcomas (43 of skeletal origin; nine extraskeletal), 86 other bone tumours, and 77 other soft tissue tumours. All skeletal osteosarcomas, osteoblastomas, osteoid osteomas, and fibrous dysplasias, eight (89%) extraskeletal osteosarcomas, five (83%) giant cell tumours and three (50%) chondromyxoid fibromas showed nuclear immunoreactivity for SATB2. Staining in other bone and soft tissue tumours was predominantly limited to areas of heterologous osteoblastic differentiation. Focal weak staining was identified in one (9%) unclassified pleomorphic sarcoma and one (13%) monophasic synovial sarcoma. SATB2 was negative in all soft tissue tumours with prominent sclerotic stromal collagen.ConclusionsSATB2 is a marker of osteoblastic differentiation in benign and malignant mesenchymal tumours. Although SATB2 is not specific for osteosarcoma, it has the potential to be a useful adjunct in some settings, particularly in the distinction between hyalinized collagen and osteoid.
Immunohistopathological features of anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma according to anaplastic lymphoma kinase expression and bone marrow involvement pattern
Authors: Park Sang Hyuk , Chi Hyun‐Sook , Cho Young‐Uk , Jang Seongsoo , Park Chan‐Jeoung 
Published: March 2013

AimsThe immunohistopathological features of lesions involving the bone marrow (BM) were examined in patients with anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (ALCL) to identify the most useful markers for the detection of BM involvement in ALCL.Methods and resultsA total of 80 patients with ALCL were enrolled, of whom 15 (18.8%) showed BM involvement. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐negative (ALK–) patients (n = 11) showed a nodular BM involvement pattern more frequently than ALK+ patients (n = 4; 72.7% versus 25.0%, P = 0.095). Patients with interstitial BM involvement were more frequently ALK+ than those with nodular BM involvement (50.0% versus 11.1%, P = 0.095). CD30 positivity was the strongest indicator of the presence of BM lesions, regardless of the BM involvement pattern. The application of CD30 in cases without morphological evidence of BM involvement detected subtle BM involvement by ALCL in 13.7% of cases, which were predominantly ALK+.ConclusionsThe immunohistopathological features of BM lesions in patients with ALCL differ according to ALK status and BM involvement pattern. CD30 is the most useful marker for the identification of BM lesions in ALCL patients and should be employed in all ALCL patients without exception, especially ALK+ cases.