bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validating the clustering predictions of empirical models with the FLAMINGO simulations
Authors: Contreras Sergio , Angulo Raul E. , Chaves-Montero Jonás , Kugel Roi , Schaller Matthieu , Schaye Joop 
Published: August 2024

Context. Mock galaxy catalogues are essential for correctly interpreting current and future generations of galaxy surveys. Despite their significance in galaxy formation and cosmology, little to no work has been done to validate the predictions of these mocks for high-order clustering statistics.
Aims. We compare the predicting power of the latest generation of empirical models used in the creation of mock galaxy catalogues: a 13-parameter halo occupation distribution (HOD) and an extension of the SubHalo Abundance Matching technique (SHAMe).
Methos. We built GalaxyEmu-Planck, an emulator that makes precise predictions for the two-point correlation function, galaxy-galaxy lensing (restricted to distances greater than 1 h−1 Mpc in order to avoid baryonic effects), and other high-order statistics resulting from the evaluation of SHAMe and HOD models.
Results. We evaluated the precision of GalaxyEmu-Planck using two galaxy samples extracted from the FLAMINGO hydrodynamical simulation that mimic the properties of DESI-BGS and BOSS galaxies, finding that the emulator reproduces all the predicted statistics precisely. The HOD shows a comparable performance when fitting galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing. In contrast, the SHAMe model shows better predictions for higher-order statistics, especially regarding the galaxy assembly bias level. We also tested the performance of the models after removing some of their extensions, finding that we can withdraw two (out of 13) of the HOD parameters without a significant loss of performance.
Conclusions. The results of this paper validate the current generation of empirical models as a way to reproduce galaxy clustering, galaxy-galaxy lensing, and other high-order statistics. The excellent performance of the SHAMe model with a small number of free parameters suggests that it is a valid method to extract cosmological constraints from galaxy clustering.
IT-Angriffe an Kliniken
Authors: Pfenninger Ernst , Königsdorfer Manuel 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungKliniken gehören per definitionem zur kritischen Infrastruktur eines Landes. Vermehrt sind in den vergangenen Jahren Krankenhäuser Ziel von Hackerangriffen mit der Folge einer wochen- bis sogar monatelangen Beeinträchtigung ihrer Handlungsfähigkeit geworden. Gemäß der „Nationalen Strategie zum Schutz Kritischer Infrastrukturen (KRITIS-Strategie)“ sind Kliniken gesetzlich verpflichtet, dagegen Vorsorge zu treffen. Dazu sollten IT-abhängige Prozesse in einer Klinik evaluiert, definiert und Ausfallkonzepte erarbeitet werden, um auf einen Cyberangriff vorbereitet zu sein. Spezifisch auf einen EDV-Ausfall zugeschnittene Notfallpläne sollten in allen IT-abhängigen Bereichen einer Klinik erstellt und vorgehalten werden. Zudem sollten papierbasierte Ersatzlösungen, wie z. B. Anforderungsbelege für Diagnostik- oder Konsilleistungen, abteilungsspezifische Notfalldokumente und Patientendokumentationskurven an einem gut zugänglichen und den Mitarbeitenden des jeweiligen Bereichs
bekannten Ort vorgehalten werden. Die vollständige Wiederherstellung eines Kliniknetzwerks nach einem Cyberangriff erfordert häufig eine umfassende Wiederherstellung zahlreicher IT-Systeme. Dies kann u. U. Wochen bis Monate dauern. Wenn das Krankenhaus über solide Pläne zur Cyber-Notfallvorsorge verfügt, die regelmäßige Scans und Backups in Echtzeit umfassen, können eine Stabilisierung und ein schnelleres Wiederanlaufen des Betriebs möglich sein.
A Retrospective Study of Risk Factors Associated with Refracture after Repair of Radial–Ulnar Fractures in Small-Breed Dogs
Authors: Muroi Norihiro , Kanno Nobuo , Harada Yasuji , Hara Yasushi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for refracture after radial union in small-breed dogs.
Study Design In our retrospective study, medical records of radial–ulnar fracture cases in small dogs treated with plates and screws were reviewed. General information and postoperative course (days until confirmed radial fracture healing, with or without ulnar union, time to final follow-up, with or without plate removal and refracture) were recorded. The fracture line location, screw positions, radial thickness and width, and pixel values throughout the postoperative periods were obtained from the radiographs. The affected limbs were classified into non-plate removal (P) and plate removal (R) groups.
Results Refracture occurred in 5 of the 141 limbs at the most distal screw in the P group and 5 of the 40 limbs at the same site as the initial fracture in the R group. Multivariate analysis indicated that refracture was linked to the amount of relative change with growth in the position of the most distal screw in the P group, with pixel value and radial thickness ratios at the same site as the initial fracture in the R group.
Conclusion Reducing the screw diameter relative to the radial width to the appropriate extent may be considered in cases where the screw positioned at the most distal end of the radius is expected to be relatively proximal as the distal radius grows; not removing the plate may be considered in cases with a decreased radial thickness or bone mineral density beneath the plate during plate removal.
Enlivening a place brand inclusively: evidence from ten European cities
Authors: Lemmetyinen Arja , Nieminen Lenita , Aalto Johanna , Pohjola Tuomas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study contributes to the stream of research investigating the influence of the creative sector on the development of cities and the importance of place branding to local development. Place branding increasingly influences the competitiveness and attractiveness of cities. We examined ten European cities as creative places and how integrating creative economy strategies, social inclusion, and sustainable practices into city branding contributes to differentiation and competitiveness. The current research contributes to the research area by examining certain cities in the context of the creative economy and investigating how, as creative brands, they can be differentiated from their competitors by utilizing inclusive planning of the image of the place.
Identifying and preventing future forms of crimes using situational crime prevention
Authors: Johnson Shane D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTraditional crime has been falling for some time in most countries. However, developing technologies and our use of them are creating new opportunities for offending. For example, estimates from the Crime Survey of England and Wales indicate that in the UK, online fraud and related offences account for as many crimes as do “traditional” offences. To date, academia, law enforcement and governments have been reactive both in terms of identifying new and emerging forms of offending and in developing approaches to address them. In this paper, I will discuss the future crime agenda, and how futures thinking can help identify future crime opportunities and security threats including online fraud, crimes involving artificial intelligence, and crime in the metaverse. The paper will close with a discussion of the implications for theory and crime prevention.
Design and characteristics of a fiber laser powered repetitive micro-plasma jet triggered gas switch
Authors: Tian Sitong , Chen Li , Cao Haojie , Zhang Xiaoqian 
Published: August 2024

To satisfy the need for low jitter in gas switches at repetition rate and enhance insulation reliability during high voltage operation of the trigger, we propose a micro-jet triggering system. This system requires less energy and can use a laser power supply as an energy source. It effectively improves the insulation stability of the trigger when working at high potentials and achieves a good triggering effect with low jitter at low working coefficients. The breakdown characteristics were tested by double-pulse experiments. Ensuring the same operating conditions for both pulses, the pulse interval was varied to obtain the breakdown voltage dispersion at different repetition rates. The results indicate that the dispersion of the breakdown voltages can reach 0.16% at a frequency of 50 Hz with a pulse front of 30 μs, representing an order of magnitude reduction compared to the 1.45% at switching self-breakdown, and decreases further as the air pressure rises. In addition, the size of the microcapillary has an impact on the dispersion of breakdown voltage. It was found that for a range of lengths from 2 to 6 mm and aperture sizes from 80 to 400 μm, the trigger jitter was lower when the length was larger and the aperture was smaller. Furthermore, a trigger life test was performed on the ceramic capillary, and after one million triggers, the system remained stable with no degradation in trigger performance.
Oral health status and oral health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study of clients in an Australian opioid treatment program
Authors: Wong Grace , Venkatesha Venkatesha , Montebello Mark Enea , Masoe Angela , Cheng Kyle , Cook Hannah , Puszka Bonny , Cheng Anna 
Published: August 2024

Background Individuals with opioid dependence often experience poor oral health, including dental decay, periodontal disease and mucosal infection, frequently exacerbated by factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, inadequate oral hygiene and low utilisation of oral health services. This study aimed to assess oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among opioid-dependent individuals and explore their potential associations. Methods Participants enrolled in an opioid treatment program (OTP) at three Australian urban clinics were assessed using the validated Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Results The average age of the 75 participants was 44.7 years, with 45% receiving opioid treatment for over 5 years. Dental decay and inadequate oral hygiene were prevalent. Mean OHAT and OHIP-14 scores were 6.93 and 20.95 respectively, indicating moderate oral health severity and poor OHRQoL. Physical pain and psychological discomfort significantly impacted participants’ quality of life, with the effects being particularly pronounced for those aged 30 and above. An exploratory analysis revealed a strong correlation between OHAT and OHIP-14 severity scores, with a one-point increase in OHAT associated with 1.85 times higher odds of a lower OHRQoL (odds ratio = 1.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.38–2.49, P = <0.001). Conclusions These findings underscore the multifaceted impact of oral health on the well-being of OTP clients. Routine dental check-ups, education on oral hygiene practices and timely treatment for oral health problems are crucial recommendations based on this study. Such measures hold the potential to enhance the quality of life for individuals attending OTPs.
Past fire shaping future fuel: influence of recent fire history on forest foliage chemistry
Authors: Schneider Margot A. , Cary Geoffrey J. , Bowd Elle J. , Foster Claire N. 
Published: August 2024

Background Knowledge of how fire regimes influence flammability, and its role in shaping future fire regimes, exists mostly at species composition and ecosystem levels. The effect of fire regimes on fuel at the chemical level is poorly known. Aim We aimed to empirically investigate the association between recent fire history and forest foliage chemistry; and to explore potential implications for forest fuel flammability. Methods Using an orthogonal study design, we investigated the effects of fire frequency and time since fire on the chemical composition of Eucalyptus pilularis leaves from forest canopies and surface litter in south-eastern Australia. Key results We found high fire frequency (fire-return interval 10–13 years) was associated with higher C:N, C:P, and C:K ratios in E. pilularis surface litter, and higher C:P in canopy leaves. Conclusions Nutrients including nitrogen and phosphorous reduce flammability of plant tissues, and hence, the observed differences in leaf nutrients between high and low fire frequency sites could have important implications for future flammability of these forests. Implications Our study has demonstrated a relationship between fire frequency and leaf nutrient stoichiometry, which may act as a mechanism through which repeated fires could increase fuel flammability. This warrants further investigation in other environments.
Regrounding work in elite discourse
Authors: Thurlow Crispin , Jaworski Adam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper considers the interplay of small-scale pragmatic actions and large-scale discursive formations;
specifically, we examine frame-shifting and keying in the globally syndicated BBC television show Amazing Hotels: Life
Beyond the Lobby. Focusing on the fourth season of Amazing Hotels, which broadcast in 2021, we
document how work and workers are staged for entertainment as quintessential examples of a non-serious frame that Goffman called
regroundings. We argue that this particular keying of other people’s labour as play is further evidence for
how mediatized representations of super-elite lifestyles normalize inequality by “democratizing” privilege and amplifying
entitlement.
Words worth noticing
Authors: Feddersen Richard , Plews John L. , Misfeldt Kim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We use guided language learning journals written in second language (L2) German by Canadian undergraduates while
studying in Germany and apply structural linguistic analyses and Cognitive Discourse Analysis to examine lexical items students
attend to and, drawing on Bloom’s taxonomy, trace their learning process through their narrative language use. We show that
lexical acquisition in study abroad is diverse and complex, observing a preference for meaning over function, and attention to
items that were highly specialized or personally meaningful. Students also engaged in what we call private languaging in a safe
environment serving to engage language to think through and construct meanings as planning for future interaction. We shed light
on the process of language development during study abroad, refine quantitative understandings of L2 gains in previous studies
through our qualitative approach, and expand our knowledge of how to assist learners to optimize the personal linguistic benefits
of studying abroad.
Perspective for in-volume machining of solid materials by undersurface focusing of x-ray pulses
Authors: Inoue Ichiro , Ziaja Beata 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this perspective article we propose and discuss a possible technique of in-depth material processing based on undersurface focusing of intense x-ray pulses. Currently, x-ray free-electron lasers can produce such intense x-ray pulses with femtosecond pulse durations, reaching intensities sufficiently high to cause ultrafast melting of a material after a single laser shot. Here, on the example of silicon crystal we will demonstrate that with a proper choice of pulse parameters and focusing parameters, the already existing nanofocusing setup has a capability to focus hard x rays down to several hundreds micrometers below the material surface. This can trigger the required structural modification in the focal point, without damaging the material above. Potential applications of the new technique are discussed.
Quantum states and spectra of small cylindrical and toroidal lattices
Authors: Brooks Caelan , Das Kunal K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We examine the spectrum and quantum states of small lattices with cylindrical and toroidal topology subject to a scalar gauge potential that introduces a position dependent phase in the inter-site coupling. Equivalency of gauges assumed in infinite lattices is generally lost due to the periodic boundary conditions, and conditions that restore it are identified. We trace the impact of various system parameters including gauge choice, boundary conditions and inter-site coupling strengths, and an additional axial field. We find gauge dependent appearance of avoided crossings and persistent degeneracies, and we show their impact on the associated eigenstates. Smaller lattices develop prominent gaps in spectral lines associated with edge states, which are suppressed in the thermodynamic limit. Toroidal lattices have counterparts of most of the features observed in cylindrical lattices, but notably they display a transition from localization to delocalization determined by the relation between the field parameter and the number of lattice sites.
Non-contact measurement of torque in rotational truck flywheel using resistance strain gauges based on wireless telemetry system
Authors: Ren Yingming , Yan Shanheng , Li Jianfeng , Xie Xin , Sun Houhua , Sun Wanyu , Zhang Zongyang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Torque is an important parameter that determines the rotational characteristics of a flywheel. Installing a signal transmission and power supply device equipped with sensors on a rotational flywheel presents challenges due to the limited space behind the engine crankshaft. To overcome these problems, this study proposes an approach to measure flywheel torque using strain gauges and a wireless telemetry system based on induction. Eight double-shear strain gauges are attached to both the front and back of the modified flywheel significantly simplifying the complex problems associated with torque measurement and signal transmission. We developed a model for analysing torque waveforms to verify the reliability of road test data across various test cycles. The torque characteristics of the flywheel were analysed at different rotational speeds. During vehicle operation, the torque measurement error margin of this sensor was less than 2.57%. This study demonstrates that using resistance strain gauges with a telemetry system for measuring flywheel torque is reliable and enhances the understanding of the mechanical performance of the flywheel.
Charging properties of atactic poly(styrene) microfibre mats charged with electrospinning and corona charging
Authors: Kaneko Mitsuo , Takagaki Kenichi , Tsuchimoto Rintaro , Ishii Yuya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Electrospinning is a versatile technique widely used to produce polymer fibres with diameters ranging from several micrometres to tens of nanometres. This unique technique enables the production of thin fibres and charges the fibres in parallel. However, precise comparisons between electrospinning and other charging techniques have been limited. In this study, the charging properties of electrospun microfibre mats fabricated using atactic poly(styrene) (aPS) were compared with those of corona-charged microfibre mats fabricated using the same material (aPS) and possessing the same structure. The results showed that the surface potentials of electrospun aPS fibre mats were approximately three times higher than those of corona-charged fibre mats, demonstrating that a significantly large amount of charge could be stored in electrospun fibre mats. A large amount of stored charge was maintained even after 240 d of storage in low-humidity, atmospheric, and high-humidity environments. Furthermore, mathematical models explaining the effective surface charge densities of electrospun and corona-charged fibre mats were proposed using the recently proposed model of stored charge distribution in fibre mats. Therefore, the clarified unique charging properties of electrospun aPS microfibre mats originally charged via electrospinning pave the way for the development of appropriate applications of electrospun charged polymer microfibres, submicrofibres, and nanofibres.
Nondestructive evaluation of microstructure and mechanical property of post-processing annealed selective laser melted 316L stainless steel by laser ultrasonics
Authors: Zheng Lei , Yin Anmin , Xu Da , Lu Yujie , Liao Wenchao , Chen Hou , He Yeqing , Xia Zhenxin , Ma Kaibo , Yan Xuejun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
By using the laser ultrasonics nondestructive technology, combined with the microstructure and mechanical property of post-processing annealed selective laser melted 316L stainless steel characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD), and mechanical property testing, selective laser melted 316L stainless steel after post-processing annealing was evaluated. The results show that the frequency domain attenuation coefficient of ultrasonic waves is positively correlated with the average grain size; the time domain attenuation coefficient of ultrasonic waves is negatively correlated with the low angle boundary content. The tensile strength has a good correlation with the time domain attenuation coefficient and wave speed, the correlation coefficients R2 are 0.95 and 0.89 respectively; the yield strength correlates with the time domain attenuation coefficient, the correlation coefficient R2 is 0.76; the elongation has a good correlation with the frequency domain attenuation coefficient and wave speed, the correlation coefficient R2 is 0.90 and 0.86 respectively.
Fast detection of humidity sensor with a weakly coupled fiber coated with carbomer
Authors: Shi Yueyan , Li Shuang , Zhang Xiajing , Zhang Benyu , Bao Yanjun , Yu Xiantong , Zhou Shiqing , Chang Min , Guo Jiachen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Humidity, as one of the basic environmental physical quantities, is essential in medical monitoring, food production and pharmaceutical industries.Fast and highly sensitive humidity sensing technology has become an urgent need in areas such as medical monitoring. We proposed and realized a novel coupled fiber-optic humidity sensor based on double tapered fiber twisted weakly coupled structure coated with carbomer film. The sensor adopts 2 × 2 coupler structure with waist diameter of 10 μm. The Carbomer film is coated in the weakly coupled area to improve the sensitivity of the sensor, and the thickness of this coating is about 79.2 nm. The sensor provides linear sensing over a relative humidity range of 40%–65% RH, with a dynamic response time of 208 ms and a recovery time of 464 ms. The sensitivity of the sensor is up to −0.28 dB/%RH and the linearity of the sensor is as high as 99.89%. Moreover, the sensor has good stability, reversibility, and low temperature crosstalk. Based on these characteristics, it can be expected that the sensor will bring a great breakthrough in applications where sensitive monitoring of humidity is required.
Fitting x-ray diffraction peaks by a genetic algorithm and Monte Carlo Markov Chain procedure
Authors: Durán González David , Sánchez-Bajo Florentino 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A fitting procedure based on the use of the Genetic algorithms (GA) and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) bayesian technique is proposed for the modelization of the x-ray diffraction peaks by using the usual standard bell-type functions (pseudo-Voigt, Voigt, etc). The method has been tested with simulated Voigt-shaped profiles at different overlapping degrees and the results have been compared with those obtained by means of the classical Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, showing its reliability.