bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting new habits at work through implementation intentions
Authors: Trenz Nina , Keith Nina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHabits facilitate automatic behaviours and are resource efficient. Habits at work may be beneficial because they conserve cognitive‐attentional resources, thus fostering work engagement and goal progress. In a diary intervention study (2 daily assessments, 10 work days), we asked 72 employees to establish a new habit at work. Half of them additionally completed an intervention on the correct use of implementation intentions. All participants were given access to a follow‐up survey. In multi‐level analyses, automaticity of the new habitual behaviour predicted work engagement and goal progress at the day‐level. Implementation intentions predicted frequency of the habitual behaviour and in turn increased automaticity of this behaviour. The effects of implementation intentions were still evident at follow‐up. Contrary to expectations, the intervention did not increase participants' daily use of implementation intentions. The results indicate that implementation intentions might be used in everyday work to establish habits at work, thus increasing employees' efficiency and engagement.
Smart agriculture: An intelligent approach for apple leaf disease identification based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Ni Jiangong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlant diseases pose a significant threat to global agricultural productivity and food safety. Early detection and accurate identification of these diseases are essential for effective disease management strategies. Traditional plant disease identification mainly relies on manual observation and experienced expert judgement, which has the disadvantages of being time‐consuming, labour‐intensive and low efficiency. Given the above problems, this study proposes a method for identifying apple leaf diseases based on a convolutional neural network combining hybrid attention and bidirectional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM). Appropriate apple leaf disease samples were selected from multiple public data sets to form an experimental data set. Then, the data set is imported into the improved convolutional neural network for training. Based on the original ResNet18 model, a new convolutional neural network, AppleNet, is constructed by adding a hybrid attention module and modifying the classifier structure. The experimental results show that the average recognition accuracy of AppleNet is 94.66%, which is 2.47% higher than that of the ResNet18 network. In addition, the training time of the model is only slightly increased. The ablation experiment further verified the effectiveness of the model modification. Compared with other advanced models in recognition accuracy and model training time, the superiority of AppleNet is confirmed. This study verifies that deep learning has great potential and application prospects in plant disease identification and provides a new technical solution for intelligent and convenient plant disease identification.
Use of sedation‐awakening electroencephalography in dogs with epilepsy
Authors: Wrzosek Marcin , Banasik Aleksandra , Czerwik Adriana , Olszewska Agnieszka , Płonek Marta , Stein Veronika 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundElectroencephalography (EEG) recording protocols have been standardized for humans. Although the utilization of techniques in veterinary medicine is increasing, a standard protocol has not yet been established.HypothesisAssessment of a sedation‐awakening EEG protocol in dogs.AnimalsElectroencephalography examination was performed in a research colony of 6 nonepileptic dogs (control [C]) and 12 dogs with epilepsy admitted to the clinic because of the epileptic seizures.MethodsIt was a prospective study with retrospective control. Dogs with epilepsy were divided into 2 equal groups, wherein EEG acquisition was performed using a “sedation” protocol (IE‐S, n = 6) and a “sedation‐awakening” protocol (IE‐SA, n = 6). All animals were sedated using medetomidine. In IE‐SA group, sedation was reversed 5 minutes after commencing the EEG recording by injecting atipamezole IM. Type of background activity (BGA) and presence of EEG‐defined epileptiform discharges (EDs) were evaluated blindly. Statistical significance was set at P > 0.05.ResultsEpileptiform discharges were found in 1 of 6 of the dogs in group C, 4 of 6 of the dogs in IE‐S group, and 5 of 6 of the dogs in IE‐SA group. A significantly greater number of EDs (spikes, P = .0109; polyspikes, P = .0109; sharp waves, P = .01) were detected in Phase 2 in animals subjected to the “sedation‐awakening” protocol, whereas there was no statistically significant greater number of discharges in sedated animals.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceA “sedation‐awakening” EEG protocol could be of value for ambulatory use if repeated EEG recordings and monitoring of epilepsy in dogs is needed.
Use of extracorporeal hemoperfusion therapy in an adult horse with Clostridioides difficile colitis and severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Hobbs Kallie J. , Le Sueur Andre N. V. , Hallowell Kimberly , Martin Emily , Sheats Mary Katherine , Ueda Yu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old American Quarter Horse gelding was treated with extracorporeal hemoperfusion (HP) therapy for treatment of Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) colitis‐induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The gelding developed C. difficile associated peracute colitis and severe SIRS as evidenced by a positive fecal C. difficile PCR and tachypnea, tachycardia, fever, neutropenia, altered mucous membrane color, and hyperlactatemia. Concurrent acute kidney injury in the horse limited the use of routine anti‐inflammatory and anti‐lipopolysaccharide treatments, including flunixin meglumine and polymyxin B, because of potential for nephrosis. Extracorporeal HP therapy was performed twice within 48 hours of the onset of severe SIRS during which the horse's physical examination variables stabilized. The horse was euthanized after 4 days because of laminitis. These findings support further investigation of extracorporeal HP therapy as an adjunctive treatment for severe SIRS/sepsis in horses.
A prospective evaluation of succinct prednisone tapering after brain tumor irradiation in dogs
Authors: Strasberg Jason R. , Rossmeisl John H. , Kelsey Krista L. , Yoshikawa Hiroto , Gieger Tracy L. , Nolan Michael W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo ameliorate anticipated or ongoing neurological deficits, dogs undergoing brain tumor irradiation often are prescribed lengthy courses of prednisone PO during and after radiotherapy (RT). This practice can contribute to unwanted corticosteroid‐associated morbidity and may be unnecessary.ObjectiveDetermine whether long‐term corticosteroid dependency can be minimized by use of succinct prednisone tapering.AnimalsFifty‐five pet dogs undergoing brain tumor irradiation.MethodsNineteen dogs were treated using a “rapid‐taper” protocol wherein corticosteroid dose reduction began 0 to 20 days after completing RT. Outcomes were compared with a retrospectively studied control group (“slow‐taper”; N = 36 dogs) in which corticosteroids were tapered more slowly according to individual clinician recommendations.ResultsPatient demographics were similar between groups. Mean time to lowest prednisone dose was 41 days postirradiation in the rapid‐taper group and 117 days in the slow‐taper group (P = .003). In the rapid‐taper group, 15 of 19 dogs (84%) were completely tapered off prednisone, vs 18 of 36 (50%) in the slow‐taper group (P = .04). Rates at which corticosteroids had to be reinstituted later were similar for the 2 groups (approximately 1 in 3 dogs). Adverse effect rates were similar for the 2 groups. Although no comparable questionnaire‐derived data were available for the “slow‐taper” group, overall and neurologic quality of life remained stable after RT in the rapid‐taper group.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFor many dogs, lengthy courses of PO prednisone are avoidable after intracranial RT. Future efforts should aim to identify which dogs benefit most from accelerated prednisone tapering.
Tomato NADPH oxidase SlWfi1 interacts with the effector protein RipBJ of Ralstonia solanacearum to mediate host defence
Authors: Su Guan‐Ming , Chu Li‐Wen , Chien Chih‐Cheng , Liao Pei‐Shan , Chiu Yu‐Chuan , Chang Chi‐Hsin , Chu Tai‐Hsiang , Li Chien‐Hui , Wu Chien‐Sheng , Wang Jaw‐Fen , Cheng Yi‐Sheng , Chang Chuan‐Hsin , Cheng Chiu‐Ping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in regulating numerous functions in organisms. Among the key regulators of ROS production are NADPH oxidases, primarily referred to as respiratory burst oxidase homologues (RBOHs). However, our understanding of whether and how pathogens directly target RBOHs has been limited. In this study, we revealed that the effector protein RipBJ, originating from the phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, was present in low‐ to medium‐virulence strains but absent in high‐virulence strains. Functional genetic assays demonstrated that the expression of ripBJ led to a reduction in bacterial infection. In the plant, RipBJ expression triggered plant cell death and the accumulation of H2O2, while also enhancing host defence against R. solanacearum by modulating multiple defence signalling pathways. Through protein interaction and functional studies, we demonstrated that RipBJ was associated with the plant's plasma membrane and interacted with the tomato RBOH known as SlWfi1, which contributed positively to RipBJ's effects on plants. Importantly, SlWfi1 expression was induced during the early stages following R. solanacearum infection and played a key role in defence against this bacterium. This research uncovers the plant RBOH as an interacting target of a pathogen's effector, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of plant defence.
Conventionalist Accounts of Personal Identity Over Time
Authors: Kovacs David Mark 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConventionalism about personal identity over time is the view that personal identity is in some sense dependent on our beliefs, desires, social practices, or language use (collectively: on our “conventions”). This paper provides an opinionated survey of the state of the art about personal identity conventionalism. First, it offers a taxonomy of possible types of conventionalism along four different axes and discusses weak vs. strong, private vs. public, doxastic vs. non‐doxastic, and realizer‐relative vs. assessor‐relative varieties of conventionalism. Second, it reviews the main sources of motivation for conventionalism about personal identity: methodological, epistemological, and normative motivations. Third, it maps out the place of conventionalism in logical space and distinguishes it from related philosophical theses: personal identity pluralism, indeterminacy about personal identity, revisionism, and self‐concern relativism. Finally, some potential avenues for future research are considered.
Examining the impact of varying low‐level laser dose on cardiac failure
Authors: Luiz Antonio Ednei , de Oliveira Helenita Antonia , Albuquerque‐Pontes Gianna Móes , Teixeira Ighor Luiz Azevedo , Yoshizaki Amanda Pereira , dos Santos Luis Felipe Neves , Leal‐Junior Ernesto Cesar Pinto , Tucci Paulo José Ferreira , Serra Andrey Jorge 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLow‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has been targeted as a promising tool that can mitigate post‐infarction cardiac remodeling. However, there is no gold standard energy delivered to the heart and few studies have evaluated the impact of LLLT on cardiac performance. This study evaluated effects of repeated LLLT applications with different energies delivered to the infarcted myocardium. Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements were applied to evaluate left ventricular (LV) performance in rats with large infarcts. ELISA, Western blot and biochemical assays were used to assess LV inflammation and oxidative stress. An 830‐nm Laser Photon III semiconductor aluminum gallium arsenide diode (DMC, São Carlos, SP, Brazil) was applied transthoracically three times a week for 4 weeks based on the energy (i.e., 10J, 20J, and 40J; respectively). LLLT on 10J and 20J had a similar action in attenuating pulmonary congestion and myocardial fibrosis. Moreover, 10J and 20J attenuated LV end‐diastolic pressure and improved +dP/dt and −dP/dt. All LLLT groups had lower levels of inflammatory mediators, but only the 10J group had normalized oxidative stress. All LLLT doses improved superoxide dismutase levels; however, only the 20J group showed a high content of the catalase. There was a lower level of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a in the infarcted myocardium, which it was normalized in the 20J and 40J groups. A higher phospholamban content was found in the 10J group. This study supports the beneficial LLLT role post‐infarction. Apparently, the 10J and 20J doses show to be chosen for clinical translation.
Dual superordinate identities in Sweden's vulnerable neighborhoods: Stronger local and national identities associated with increases in institutional and interpersonal trust
Authors: Sohlberg Jacob , Esaiasson Peter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA superordinate identity that emphasizes the shared bond between people of different groups can have beneficial outcomes according to the theoretical argument of the common ingroup identity model. Unlike previous research that focuses on a single superordinate identity, we simultaneously study two superordinate identities: local identity (identification with the neighborhood) and national identity (identification with the country of residence). Our study is set in two ethnically heterogenous and low‐income neighborhoods in Sweden. Based on four waves of panel survey data, we find that both types of superordinate identities are associated with increases in interpersonal and institutional trust. The identities have distinct consequences, however. Local identity is related to local trust and national identity to national trust. These results are based on within‐individual variation. Since high trust generally has a range of positive consequences, our results point to an approach at improving communities that are often in much need of it. We observe low correlation between the two superordinate identities and high convergent and discriminant validity of the concepts. Our results may be relevant to similar neighborhoods that exist across Europe.
Medicalization in Global Context: Current Insights, Pressing Questions, and Future Directions Through the Case of ADHD
Authors: Bergey Meredith 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTRecent decades have witnessed the increased emergence and global application of medicalized meanings and practices related to mental health, with cases of contestation, adoption, as well as resistance observed. Such globalization raises a number of important sociological questions about the nature and consequences of such practices, as well as what they might mean for the changing nature of medicalization. Focusing on a classic case within medicalization studies, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, this paper reviews existing insights on medicalization and mental health diagnosis and treatment in global context, future lines of inquiry, and related challenges.
Nonphotochemical quenching kinetics GWAS in sorghum identifies genes that may play conserved roles in maize and Arabidopsis thaliana photoprotection
Authors: Sahay Seema , Shrestha Nikee , Dias Henrique Moura , Mural Ravi V. , Grzybowski Marcin , Schnable James C. , Głowacka Katarzyna 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYPhotosynthetic organisms must cope with rapid fluctuations in light intensity. Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) enables the dissipation of excess light energy as heat under high light conditions, whereas its relaxation under low light maximizes photosynthetic productivity. We quantified variation in NPQ kinetics across a large sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) association panel in four environments, uncovering significant genetic control for NPQ. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) confidently identified three unique regions in the sorghum genome associated with NPQ and suggestive associations in an additional 61 regions. We detected strong signals from the sorghum ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana Suppressor Of Variegation 3 (SVR3) involved in plastid–nucleus signaling. By integrating GWAS results for NPQ across maize (Zea mays) and sorghum‐association panels, we identified a second gene, Non‐yellowing 1 (NYE1), originally studied by Gregor Mendel in pea (Pisum sativum) and involved in the degradation of photosynthetic pigments in light‐harvesting complexes. Analysis of nye1 insertion alleles in A. thaliana confirmed the effect of this gene on NPQ kinetics in eudicots. We extended our comparative genomics GWAS framework across the entire maize and sorghum genomes, identifying four additional loci involved in NPQ kinetics. These results provide a baseline for increasing the accuracy and speed of candidate gene identification for GWAS in species with high linkage disequilibrium.
Servicification of GVCs through deep service provisions: Uncovering new insights from structural gravity and machine learning
Authors: Sharma Sharadendu , Arora Rahul , Gupta Pralok 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, there has been a notable increase in linkages of services in decoupling global value chains (GVCs) and a surge in regulatory mechanisms embedded in service provisions in trade agreements. Existing literature tried to empirically link the impact of such service provisions on GVC‐related services, but none focused on identifying relevant service provisions. This study is a novel attempt in this direction using a machine learning algorithm augmented in gravity modelling. Building on the identified service provisions, the study quantifies their impact on GVC‐related services conditioned on the countries' income levels. The study also conducts the general equilibrium analysis by simulating a scenario incorporating identified service provisions in the India‐ASEAN trade agreement. The analysis finds that few service provisions exist that enhance the share of foreign service inputs in manufacturing exports of the countries involved in GVC‐related service participation. Moreover, the impact is heterogeneous regarding benefits to the developing countries as a destination of service‐value added. Finally, the study shows that introducing selected service provisions in existing trade agreements can potentially increase welfare and service trade.
Assistive Technology for Real-Time Fall Prevention During Walking: Evaluation of the Effect of an Intelligent Foot Orthosis
Authors: Yamamoto Rieko , Itami Sho , Kawabata Masashi , Morimura Kohei , Shiraishi Toshihiko 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present an intelligent foot orthosis (IFO) designed to prevent lateral falls during walking by employing a magnetorheological (MR) fluid brake. This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of evaluating effectiveness of the proposed orthosis in fall prevention. Seventeen healthy adults underwent four conditions: (1) without IFO, (2) with IFO and current-OFF, (3) with IFO current-ON, and (4) with IFO and control-ON. Gait was assessed by three-dimensional motion capture and with ground reaction force. Postural changes on the frontal plane were measured, and the mediolateral center of gravity and center of pressure inclination angle (ML COG-COP IA) was calculated. Additionally, tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) muscle activity during walking were measured using surface electromyography. Results indicate a significant increase in ML COG-COP IA in (3). No significant differences were found in muscle activity between conditions. The study suggests that the posture's deviation from the lateral fall direction in (3) is primarily due to wearing the IFO, emphasizing human postural control over muscle activity. A negative correlation between ML COG-COP IA and TA muscle activity under (4), implies that individuals with lower TA muscle activity may benefit more from IFO fall prevention. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the feasibility of preventing lateral falls in human walking using the proposed orthosis with an MR fluid brake. The general efficacy of the orthosis in lateral fall prevention is suggested, emphasizing the need for further development.
Effects of Tire Attributes on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Generic Car–Tire Assembly
Authors: Rath Shubham , Untaroiu Alexandrina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The effect of tires on the overall aerodynamic drag in a car–tire assembly has been studied and deemed considerable from past studies. It has been shown that it is important to understand how the vehicle body and the tires influence the flow structures generated. Previous studies focused on the tire attributes that have an impact on the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle. These tire attributes, however, have not been studied extensively. This paper studies the impact that specific tire attributes have on the overall aerodynamic drag on the vehicle through a systematic sensitivity study. In this study, the DrivAer model is used due to the extensive research that has been done on the model. A baseline computational fluid dynamics model of the tire–vehicle assembly of the DrivAer model is simulated using ansysfluent in the open road domain to understand the flow structures around the body of the vehicle. Simulations are done on the fastback configuration of the DrivAer model with a smooth underbody. Coefficient of drag and coefficient of pressure results from the simulation are validated from experimental data. Data from the simulations and design of experiments are used to quantitatively compare the drag contribution of different parameters of the tire. The sensitivity analysis of the tire–vehicle assembly model performed gives a better insight into the modeling techniques that can be used on a car–tire assembly, as well as the impact of the parameters that could be selected for future tire model optimization.