bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid system for rechargeable magnesium battery with high energy density
Authors: Chang Zheng , Yang Yaqiong , Wang Xiaowei , Li Minxia , Fu Zhengwen , Wu Yuping , Holze Rudolf 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOne of the main challenges of electrical energy storage (EES) is the development of environmentally friendly battery systems with high safety and high energy density. Rechargeable Mg batteries have been long considered as one highly promising system due to the use of low cost and dendrite-free magnesium metal. The bottleneck for traditional Mg batteries is to achieve high energy density since their output voltage is below 2.0 V. Here, we report a magnesium battery using Mg in Grignard reagent-based electrolyte as the negative electrode, a lithium intercalation compound in aqueous solution as the positive electrode and a solid electrolyte as a separator. Its average discharge voltage is 2.1 V with stable discharge platform and good cycling life. The calculated energy density based on the two electrodes is high. These findings open another door to rechargeable magnesium batteries.
Nearly isotropic piezoresistive response due to charge detour conduction in nanoparticle thin films
Authors: Jiang Cheng-Wei , Ni I.-Chih , Tzeng Shien-Der , Kuo Watson 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPiezoresistive responses of nanoparticle thin-film strain sensors on flexible polyimide substrates were studied. Disordered interparticle tunneling introduces microscopic detour of charge conduction so as to reduce gauge factors. The disorder also results in large resistance change when current flows in the direction perpendicular to a unidirectional strain, reducing response anisotropy. For practical usages, stability and endurance of these strain sensors are confirmed with 7 × 104 bending cycles. Cracks form in devices under prolonged cyclic bending and slightly reduce gauge factor.
Nonparametric Risk and Nonparametric Odds in Quantitative Genetic Association Studies
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Qizhai 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe coefficient in a linear regression model is commonly employed to evaluate the genetic effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism associated with a quantitative trait under the assumption that the trait value follows a normal distribution or is appropriately normally distributed after a certain transformation. When this assumption is violated, the distribution-free tests are preferred. In this work, we propose the nonparametric risk (NR) and nonparametric odds (NO), obtain the asymptotic normal distribution of estimated NR and then construct the confidence intervals. We also define the genetic models using NR, construct the test statistic under a given genetic model and a robust test, which are free of the genetic uncertainty. Simulation studies show that the proposed confidence intervals have satisfactory cover probabilities and the proposed test can control the type I error rates and is more powerful than the exiting ones under most of the considered scenarios. Application to gene of PTPN22 and genomic region of 6p21.33 from the Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 for association with the anticyclic citrullinated protein antibody further show their performances.
A broadband polarization-insensitive cloak based on mode conversion
Authors: Gu Chendong , Xu Yadong , Li Sucheng , Lu Weixin , Li Jensen , Chen Huanyang , Hou Bo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate an one-dimensional cloak consisting of parallel-plated waveguide with two slabs of gradient index metamaterials attached to its metallic walls. In it objects are hidden without limitation of polarizations and good performance is observed for a broadband of frequencies. The experiments at microwave frequencies are carried out, supporting the theoretical results very well. The essential principle behind the proposed cloaking device is based on mode conversion, which provides a new strategy to manipulate wave propagation.
Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Using Real-time Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Joseph Arun A. , Gross Lisa , Ghadimi Michael , Frahm Jens , Beham Alexander W. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA small angle (His angle) between the oesophagus and the fundus of the stomach is considered to act as flap valve and anti-reflux barrier. A wide angle results in dysfunction of the oesophagogastric junction and subsequently in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Here, we used real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 50 ms resolution (20 frames per second) in 12 volunteers and 12 patients with GERD to assess transport of pineapple juice through the oesophagogastric junction and reflux during Valsalva. We found that the intra-abdominal part of the oesophagus was bended towards the left side resulting in an angle of 75.3 ± 17.4, which was significantly larger during Valsava (P = 0.017). Reflux and several underlying pathologies were detected in 11 out of 12 patients. Our data visualize oesophagogastric junction physiology and disprove the flap valve hypothesis. Further, non-invasive real-time MRI has considerable potential for the diagnosis of causative pathologies leading to GERD.
Expected number of quantum channels in quantum networks
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang He-Ming , Ji Dan-Tong , Mu Liang-Zhu , Fan Heng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractQuantum communication between nodes in quantum networks plays an important role in quantum information processing. Here, we proposed the use of the expected number of quantum channels as a measure of the efficiency of quantum communication for quantum networks. This measure quantified the amount of quantum information that can be teleported between nodes in a quantum network, which differs from classical case in that the quantum channels will be consumed if teleportation is performed. We further demonstrated that the expected number of quantum channels represents local correlations depicted by effective circles. Significantly, capacity of quantum communication of quantum networks quantified by ENQC is independent of distance for the communicating nodes, if the effective circles of communication nodes are not overlapped. The expected number of quantum channels can be enhanced through transformations of the lattice configurations of quantum networks via entanglement swapping. Our results can shed lights on the study of quantum communication in quantum networks.
Analysis of gene expression of secreted factors associated with breast cancer metastases in breast cancer subtypes
Authors: Fertig Elana J. , Lee Esak , Pandey Niranjan B. , Popel Aleksander S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBreast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, having multiple subtypes with different malignant phenotypes. The triple-negative breast cancer, or basal breast cancer, is highly aggressive, metastatic and difficult to treat. Previously, we identified that key molecules (IL6, CSF2, CCL5, VEGFA and VEGFC) secreted by tumor cells and stromal cells in basal breast cancer can promote metastasis. It remains to assess whether these molecules function similarly in other subtypes of breast cancer. Here, we characterize the relative gene expression of the five secreted molecules and their associated receptors (GP130, GMRA, GMRB, CCR5, VEGFR2, NRP1, VEGFR3, NRP2) in the basal, HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) positive, luminal A and luminal B subtypes using high throughput data from tumor samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC). IL6 and CCL5 gene expression are basal breast cancer specific, whereas high gene expression of GP130 was observed in luminal A/B. VEGFA/C and CSF2 mRNA are overexpressed in HER2 positive breast cancer, with VEGFA and CSF2 also overexpressed in basal breast cancer. Further study of the specific protein function of these factors within their associated cancer subtypes may yield personalized biomarkers and treatment modalities.
Stability of cooperation under image scoring in group interactions
Authors: Nax Heinrich H. , Perc Matjaž , Szolnoki Attila , Helbing Dirk 
Published: July 2015

AbstractImage scoring sustains cooperation in the repeated two-player prisoner’s dilemma through indirect reciprocity, even though defection is the uniquely dominant selfish behaviour in the one-shot game. Many real-world dilemma situations, however, firstly, take place in groups and, secondly, lack the necessary transparency to inform subjects reliably of others’ individual past actions. Instead, there is revelation of information regarding groups, which allows for ‘group scoring’ but not for image scoring. Here, we study how sensitive the positive results related to image scoring are to information based on group scoring. We combine analytic results and computer simulations to specify the conditions for the emergence of cooperation. We show that under pure group scoring, that is, under the complete absence of image-scoring information, cooperation is unsustainable. Away from this extreme case, however, the necessary degree of image scoring relative to group scoring depends on the population size and is generally very small. We thus conclude that the positive results based on image scoring apply to a much broader range of informational settings that are relevant in the real world than previously assumed.
Geometric interpretations for resonances of plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Wei , Oulton Rupert F. , Kivshar Yuri S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe field of plasmonics can be roughly categorized into two branches: surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating in waveguides and localized surface plasmons (LSPs) supported by scattering particles. Investigations along these two directions usually employ different approaches, resulting in more or less a dogma that the two branches progress almost independently of each other, with few interactions. Here in this work we interpret LSPs from a Bohr model based geometric perspective relying on SPPs, thus establishing a connection between these two sub-fields. Besides the clear explanations of conventional scattering features of plasmonic nanoparticles, based on this geometric model we further demonstrate other anomalous scattering features (higher order modes supported at lower frequencies and blueshift of the resonance with increasing particle sizes) and multiple electric resonances of the same order supported at different frequencies, which have been revealed to originate from backward SPP modes and multiple dispersion bands supported in the corresponding plasmonic waveguides, respectively. Inspired by this geometric model, it is also shown that, through solely geometric tuning, the absorption of each LSP resonance can be maximized to reach the single channel absorption limit, provided that the scattering and absorption rates are tuned to be equal.
Carbon Nanohorns Carried Iron Fluoride Nanocomposite with ultrahigh rate lithium ion storage properties
Authors: Fan Lishuang , Li Bingjiang , Zhang Naiqing , Sun Kening 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNovel hierarchical carbon nanohorns (CNHs) carried iron fluoride nanocomposites have been constructed by direct growth of FeF3·0.33H2O nanoparticles on CNHs. In the FeF3·0.33H2O@CNHs nanocomposite, the mesopore CNHs play the role as conductive matrix and robust carrier to support the FeF3·0.33H2O nanoparticles. The intimate conductive contact between the two components can build up an express way of electron transfer for rapid Li+ insertion/extraction. The CNHs can not only suppress the growth and agglomeration of FeF3·0.33H2O during the crystallization process, but also sever as an “elastic confinement” to support FeF3·0.33H2O. As was to be expected, the hierarchical FeF3·0.33H2O@CNHs nanocomposite exhibits impressive rate capability and excellent cycle performance. Markedly, the nanocomposite proves stable, ultrahigh rate lithium ion storage properties of 81 mAh g−1 at charge/discharge rate of 50 C (a discharge/charge process only takes 72 s). The integration of high electron conductivity, confined nano sized FeF3·0.33H2O (~5 nm), hierarchical mesopores CNHs and the “elastic confinement” support, the FeF3·0.33H2O@CNHs nanocomposite demonstrates excellent ultrahigh rate capability and good cycling properties.
The dynamics of meaningful social interactions and the emergence of collective knowledge
Authors: Dankulov Marija Mitrović , Melnik Roderick , Tadić Bosiljka 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCollective knowledge as a social value may arise in cooperation among actors whose individual expertise is limited. The process of knowledge creation requires meaningful, logically coordinated interactions, which represents a challenging problem to physics and social dynamics modeling. By combining two-scale dynamics model with empirical data analysis from a well-known Questions & Answers system Mathematics, we show that this process occurs as a collective phenomenon in an enlarged network (of actors and their artifacts) where the cognitive recognition interactions are properly encoded. The emergent behavior is quantified by the information divergence and innovation advancing of knowledge over time and the signatures of self-organization and knowledge sharing communities. These measures elucidate the impact of each cognitive element and the individual actor’s expertise in the collective dynamics. The results are relevant to stochastic processes involving smart components and to collaborative social endeavors, for instance, crowdsourcing scientific knowledge production with online games.
Effects of substrate temperature on performance of calcium‐doped zinc oxide TFTs
Authors: Yu Wen , Han Dedong , Shi Pan , Cong Yingying , Zhang Yi , Dong Junchen , Zhou Xiaoliang , Huang Lingling , Cui Guodong , Zhang Shengdong , Zhang Xing , Wang Yi 
Published: July 2015

In this reported work, high‐performance fully transparent bottom‐gate‐type calcium‐doped zinc oxide thin‐film transistors (Ca–ZnO TFTs) have been successfully fabricated on glass substrate. The effects of substrate temperature during active layer deposition on the electrical properties of Ca–ZnO TFTs were investigated and an optimum condition (substrate temperature: 100°C) was achieved. The optimised thin‐film transistors (TFTs) exhibit excellent electrical properties, with an off‐state current (Ioff) of 1.31 × 10−12 A, an Ion/Ioff current ratio of 3.015 × 108, a saturation mobility (μsat) of 25 cm2/Vs and a threshold voltage (Vt) of 4.24 V. The variation trend of Vt, the Ion/Ioff current ratio and μsat against substrate temperatures is analysed in detail. The experimental results suggest that the performance of Ca–ZnO TFTs can be improved effectively by optimum substrate temperature.
Photonic crystal assisted multiband compact terahertz antenna on engineered silicon‐on‐insulator
Authors: Kumar Varun , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: July 2015

A multiband compact terahertz antenna on silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) based on 1D photonic crystal is proposed. It is shown that the multi‐resonance of terahertz waves in a copper patch on SOI can be effectively controlled with photonic crystals on the patch. The proposed antenna is shown to work for 13 frequency bands with acceptably low return losses in terahertz regime. The photonic crystal assisted guiding of terahertz waves make it possible to offer a compact design with an improvement in the antenna characteristics. The calculated radiation efficiency and antenna‐gain at 20 THz are 88.1% and 8.6 dB, respectively, on a compact chip which is possible because of the enhanced interaction of electromagnetic fields with the copper patch
Hierarchical networks of scientific journals
Authors: Palla Gergely , Tibély Gergely , Mones Enys , Pollner Péter , Vicsek Tamás 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAcademic journals are the repositories of mankind’s gradually accumulating knowledge of the surrounding world. Just as knowledge is organized into classes ranging from major disciplines, subjects and fields, to increasingly specific topics, journals can also be categorized into groups using various metric. In addition, they can be ranked according to their overall influence. However, according to recent studies, the impact, prestige and novelty of journals cannot be characterized by a single parameter such as, for example, the impact factor. To increase understanding of journal impact, the knowledge gap we set out to explore in our study is the evaluation of journal relevance using complex multi-dimensional measures. Thus, for the first time, our objective is to organize journals into multiple hierarchies based on citation data. The two approaches we use are designed to address this problem from different perspectives. We use a measure related to the notion of m-reaching centrality and find a network that shows a journal’s level of influence in terms of the direction and efficiency with which information spreads through the network. We find we can also obtain an alternative network using a suitably modified nested hierarchy extraction method applied to the same data. In this case, in a self-organized way, the journals become branches according to the major scientific fields, where the local structure of the branches reflect the hierarchy within the given field, with usually the most prominent journal (according to other measures) in the field chosen by the algorithm as the local root, and more specialized journals positioned deeper in the branch. This can make the navigation within different scientific fields and sub-fields very simple, and equivalent to navigating in the different branches of the nested hierarchy. We expect this to be particularly helpful, for example, when choosing the most appropriate journal for a given manuscript. According to our results, the two alternative hierarchies show a somewhat different, but also consistent, picture of the intricate relations between scientific journals, and, as such, they also provide a new perspective on how scientific knowledge is organized into networks.
Synthesis and degranulation-inhibiting activities of the proposed apteniols B, C, and G
Authors: Noshita Toshiro , Tai Akihiro , Nishikawa Hikaru , Ikeda Kaoru , Ouchi Hidekazu , Hamada Yoshitomo , Saito Akiko , Yamada Teiko 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The synthesis of compounds with the structures proposed for the oxyneolignan apteniols B, C, and G is described. The diphenyl ether skeletons of the proposed apteniols were formed via Ullmann ether synthesis. In particular, the spectral data for the synthesized apteniols B, C, and G did not agree with those previously reported for the isolated compounds. Furthermore, the synthesized proposed apteniol B did not show degranulation-inhibiting activity, while the prepared proposed apteniols C and G exhibited activities considerably weaker than that of the methyl ester of proposed apteniol A.
The NIH BD2K center for big data in translational genomics
Authors: Paten Benedict , Diekhans Mark , Druker Brian J , Friend Stephen , Guinney Justin , Gassner Nadine , Guttman Mitchell , James Kent W , Mantey Patrick , Margolin Adam A , Massie Matt , Novak Adam M , Nothaft Frank , Pachter Lior , Patterson David , Smuga-Otto Maciej , Stuart Joshua M , Van’t Veer Laura , Wold Barbara , Haussler David 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The world’s genomics data will never be stored in a single repository – rather, it will be distributed among many sites in many countries. No one site will have enough data to explain genotype to phenotype relationships in rare diseases; therefore, sites must share data. To accomplish this, the genetics community must forge common standards and protocols to make sharing and computing data among many sites a seamless activity. Through the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, we are pioneering the development of shared application programming interfaces (APIs) to connect the world’s genome repositories. In parallel, we are developing an open source software stack (ADAM) that uses these APIs. This combination will create a cohesive genome informatics ecosystem. Using containers, we are facilitating the deployment of this software in a diverse array of environments. Through benchmarking efforts and big data driver projects, we are ensuring ADAM’s performance and utility.
Consolidating CCDs from multiple data sources: a modular approach
Authors: Hosseini Masoud , Meade Jonathan , Schnitzius Jamie , Dixon Brian E 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground Healthcare providers sometimes receive multiple continuity of care documents (CCDs) for a single patient encompassing the patient’s various encounters and medical history recorded in different information systems. It is cumbersome for providers to explore different pages of CCDs to find specific data which can be duplicated or even conflicted. This study describes initial steps toward a modular system that integrates and de-duplicates multiple CCDs into one consolidated document for viewing or processing patient-level data.Materials and Methods The authors developed a prototype system to consolidate and de-duplicate CCDs. The system is engineered to be scalable, extensible, and open source. Using a corpus of 150 de-identified CCDs synthetically generated from a single data source with a common vocabulary to represent 50 unique patients, the authors tested the system’s performance and output. Performance was measured based on document throughput and reduction in file size and volume of data. The authors further compared the output of the system with manual consolidation and de-duplication. Testing across multiple vendor systems or implementations was not performed.Results All of the input CCDs was successfully consolidated, and no data were lost. De-duplication significantly reduced the number of entries in different sections (49% in Problems, 60.6% in Medications, and 79% in Allergies) and reduced the size of the documents (57.5%) as well as the number of lines in each document (58%). The system executed at a rate of approximately 0.009–0.03 s per rule depending on the complexity of the rule.Discussion and Conclusion Given increasing adoption and use of health information exchange (HIE) to share data and information across the care continuum, duplication of information is inevitable. A novel system designed to support automated consolidation and de-duplication of information across clinical documents as they are exchanged shows promise. Future work is needed to expand the capabilities of the system and further test it using heterogeneous vocabularies across multiple HIE scenarios.