bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Mobility Group Nucleosome-Binding Family Proteins Promote Astrocyte Differentiation of Neural Precursor Cells
Authors: Nagao Motoshi , Lanjakornsiripan Darin , Itoh Yasuhiro , Kishi Yusuke , Ogata Toru , Gotoh Yukiko 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the mammalian brain and are important for the functions of the central nervous system. Although previous studies have shown that the STAT signaling pathway or its regulators promote the generation of astrocytes from multipotent neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the developing mammalian brain, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the astrocytic fate decision have still remained largely unclear. Here, we show that the high mobility group nucleosome-binding (HMGN) family proteins, HMGN1, 2, and 3, promote astrocyte differentiation of NPCs during brain development. HMGN proteins were expressed in NPCs, Sox9+ glial progenitors, and GFAP+ astrocytes in perinatal and adult brains. Forced expression of either HMGN1, 2, or 3 in NPCs in cultures or in the late embryonic neocortex increased the generation of astrocytes at the expense of neurons. Conversely, knockdown of either HMGN1, 2, or 3 in NPCs suppressed astrocyte differentiation and promoted neuronal differentiation. Importantly, overexpression of HMGN proteins did not induce the phosphorylation of STAT3 or activate STAT reporter genes. In addition, HMGN family proteins did not enhance DNA demethylation and acetylation of histone H3 around the STAT-binding site of the gfap promoter. Moreover, knockdown of HMGN family proteins significantly reduced astrocyte differentiation induced by gliogenic signal ciliary neurotrophic factor, which activates the JAK-STAT pathway. Therefore, we propose that HMGN family proteins are novel chromatin regulatory factors that control astrocyte fate decision/differentiation in parallel with or downstream of the JAK-STAT pathway through modulation of the responsiveness to gliogenic signals. Stem Cells 2014;32:2983–2997
Specific Mesothelial Signature Marks the Heterogeneity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells From High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Verardo Roberto , Piazza Silvano , Klaric Enio , Ciani Yari , Bussadori Giulio , Marzinotto Stefania , Mariuzzi Laura , Cesselli Daniela , Beltrami Antonio P. , Mano Miguel , Itoh Masayoshi , Kawaji Hideya , Lassmann Timo , Carninci Piero , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , Forrest Alistair R. R. ,   The Fantom Consortium, Beltrami Carlo A. , Schneider Claudio 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are the precursors of various cell types that compose both normal and cancer tissue microenvironments. In order to support the widely diversified parenchymal cells and tissue organization, MSCs are characterized by a large degree of heterogeneity, although available analyses of molecular and transcriptional data do not provide clear evidence. We have isolated MSCs from high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HG-SOCs) and various normal tissues (N-MSCs), demonstrated their normal genotype and analyzed their transcriptional activity with respect to the large comprehensive FANTOM5 sample dataset. Our integrative analysis conducted against the extensive panel of primary cells and tissues of the FANTOM5 project allowed us to mark the HG-SOC-MSCs CAGE-seq transcriptional heterogeneity and to identify a cell-type-specific transcriptional activity showing a significant relationship with primary mesothelial cells. Our analysis shows that MSCs isolated from different tissues are highly heterogeneous. The mesothelial-related gene signature identified in this study supports the hypothesis that HG-SOC-MSCs are bona fide representatives of the ovarian district. This finding indicates that HG-SOC-MSCs could actually derive from the coelomic mesothelium, suggesting that they might be linked to the epithelial tumor through common embryological precursors. Stem Cells 2014;32:2998–3011
Brief Reports: A Distinct DNA Methylation Signature Defines Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Predicts Cancer Outcome
Authors: El Helou Rita , Wicinski Julien , Guille Arnaud , Adélaïde Jose , Finetti Pascal , Bertucci François , Chaffanet Max , Birnbaum Daniel , Charafe-Jauffret Emmanuelle , Ginestier Christophe 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Self-renewal and differentiation are two epigenetic programs that regulate stem cells fate. Dysregulation of these two programs leads to the development of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Recent evidence suggests that CSCs are relatively resistant to conventional therapies and responsible for metastasis formation. Deciphering these processes will help understand oncogenesis and allow the development of new targeted therapies. Here, we have used a whole genome promoter microarray to establish the DNA methylation portraits of breast cancer stem cells (bCSCs) and non-bCSCs. A total of 68 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were more hypomethylated in bCSCs than in non-bCSCs. Using a differentiation assay we demonstrated that DMRs are rapidly hypermethylated within the first 6 hours following induction of CSC differentiation whereas the cells reached the steady-state within 6 days, suggesting that these DMRs are linked to early CSC epigenetic regulation. These DMRs were significantly enriched in genes coding for TGF-β signaling-related proteins. Interestingly, DMRs hypomethylation was correlated to an overexpression of TGF-β signaling genes in a series of 109 breast tumors. Moreover, patients with tumors harboring the bCSC DMRs signature had a worse prognosis than those with non-bCSC DMRs signature. Our results show that bCSCs have a distinct DNA methylation landscape with TGF-β signaling as a key epigenetic regulator of bCSCs differentiation. Stem Cells 2014;32:3031–3036
SMAD Signaling Regulates CXCL12 Expression in the Bone Marrow Niche, Affecting Homing and Mobilization of Hematopoietic Progenitors
Authors: Khurana Satish , Melacarne Alessia , Yadak Rana , Schouteden Sarah , Notelaers Tineke , Pistoni Mariaelena , Maes Christa , Verfaillie Catherine M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We recently demonstrated that ex vivo activation of SMAD-independent bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) influences their homing into the bone marrow (BM). Here, we assessed whether alterations in BMP signaling in vivo affects adult hematopoiesis by affecting the BM niche. We demonstrate that systemic inhibition of SMAD-dependent BMP signaling by infusion of the BMP antagonist noggin (NGN) significantly increased CXCL12 levels in BM plasma leading to enhanced homing and engraftment of transplanted HSPCs. Conversely, the infusion of BMP7 but not BMP4, resulted in decreased HSPC homing. Using ST2 cells as an in vitro model of BM niche, we found that incubation with neutralizing anti-BMP4 antibodies, NGN, or dorsomorphin (DM) as well as knockdown of Smad1/5 and Bmp4, all enhanced CXCL12 production. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified the SMAD-binding element in the CXCL12 promoter to which SMAD4 binds. When deleted, increased CXCL12 promoter activity was observed, and NGN or DM no longer affected Cxcl12 expression. Interestingly, BMP7 infusion resulted in mobilization of only short-term HSCs, likely because BMP7 affected CXCL12 expression only in osteoblasts but not in other niche components. Hence, we describe SMAD-dependent BMP signaling as a novel regulator of CXCL12 production in the BM niche, influencing HSPC homing, engraftment, and mobilization. Stem Cells 2014;32:3012–3022
Concise Review: Tissue-Specific Microvascular Endothelial Cells Derived From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Wilson Hannah K. , Canfield Scott G. , Shusta Eric V. , Palecek Sean P. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that endothelial cells (ECs) display significant heterogeneity across tissue types, playing an important role in tissue regeneration and homeostasis. Recent work demonstrating the derivation of tissue-specific microvascular endothelial cells (TS-MVECs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has ignited the potential to generate tissue-specific models which may be applied to regenerative medicine and in vitro modeling applications. Here, we review techniques by which hPSC-derived TS-MVECs have been made to date and discuss how current hPSC-EC differentiation protocols may be directed toward tissue-specific fates. We begin by discussing the nature of EC tissue specificity in vivo and review general hPSC-EC differentiation protocols generated over the last decade. Finally, we describe how specificity can be integrated into hPSC-EC protocols to generate hPSC-derived TS-MVECs in vitro, including EC and parenchymal cell coculture, directed differentiation, and direct reprogramming strategies. Stem Cells 2014;32:3037–3045
Combining Aromaticity and Strain with Tetsuo Nozoe—A Passage of Time with Friends
Authors: Halton Brian 
Published: July 2014

Note from the Editor:Tetsuo Nozoe lived his entire life on one of several island nations (Japan and Formosa, subsequently Taiwan, then returning to Japan). Those of us—and that is most of us!—who have never lived on an island nation likely cannot completely appreciate the ‘isolation’ and ‘lack of diversity’ that accompanies—along with many other valuable and happy consequences—such a life experience. As a New Zealander, colloquially as a Kiwi, Brian Halton shares this life experience with Nozoe. Indeed, New Zealand is far more isolated than either Japan or Taiwan in terms of distance to its nearest neighbor, population density, and size of its chemical community. Often during his career, Halton travelled to foreign lands, as did Nozoe, to fill his cup with collegiality and science. And Halton welcomed visitors to his beautiful country, as did Nozoe. Indeed, their mutual friendship was a blessing and honor to each of them. As Brian Halton tells his story of place and of science, I can well imagine Tetsuo Nozoe's response if he could read these words. He surely would have beamed in understanding these shared experiences!—Jeffrey I. SeemanGuest EditorUniversity of RichmondRichmond, Virginia 23173, USAE‐mail: jseeman@richmond.edu
Persuasive communication aimed at achieving wildlife‐disease management goals
Authors: Triezenberg Heather A. , Gore Meredith L. , Riley Shawn J. , Lapinski Maria K. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTAchieving an adequate hunter harvest of game animals that meets wildlife‐disease management objectives is a challenge if hunters perceive too few animals relative to expectations. Persuasive communication is a strategy commonly used to influence human perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors in public health. Research on effectiveness of persuasive communication in the context of wildlife‐disease management is limited, however, which reduces the utility of communication as a management option. To gain insight into the effectiveness of persuasion in wildlife management, we experimentally evaluated a communication campaign aimed at influencing hunters' perceptions and behavioral intentions to harvest more antlerless white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Reduction of deer density is a prevailing management technique where bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) exists in wild deer populations. In 2012, we conducted an experiment with pre‐ and post‐exposure self‐administered mail questionnaires to survey deer hunters in Michigan, USA. Campaign materials were direct mailed with the post‐exposure survey. Paired change score analysis was used to evaluate effects of exposure to campaign materials for an intervention relative to control group. Respondents exposed to persuasive communication materials (n = 480) reported changes in perceptions of what others are doing, perceptions of risks from bovine tuberculosis, and behavioral intentions toward hunting and harvesting more antlerless deer. Changes in perceptions of risks from disease management policies negatively affecting deer hunting also were reported in the exposure group. Our results reveal communication can be most persuasive when it focuses on the activity of interest (deer hunting), communicates goals of management (wildlife‐disease management), and communicates actions individuals (deer hunters) can take to reduce risks. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Summer air temperature, reconstructions from the last glacial stage based on rodents from the site Taillis-des-Coteaux (Vienne), Western France
Authors: Royer Aurélien , Lécuyer Christophe , Montuire Sophie , Primault Jérôme , Fourel François , Jeannet Marcel 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe oxygen isotope composition of phosphate from tooth enamel of rodents (δ18Op) constitutes a valuable proxy to reconstruct past air temperatures in continental environments. This method has been applied to rodent dental remains from three genera, Arvicola sp., Microtus sp. and Dicrostonyx sp., coming from Taillis-des-Coteaux, Vienne, France. This archaeological site contains an exceptionally preserved sedimentary sequence spanning almost the whole Upper Palaeolithic, including seven stratigraphic layers dated from 35 to 17 cal ka BP. The abundant presence of rodent remains offers the opportunity to quantify the climatic fluctuations coeval of the various stages of human occupation of the site. Differences between δ18Op values of Arvicola sp. and Microtus sp. teeth are interpreted as the result of heterochrony in tooth formation as well as differences in ecology. Mean δ18Op values of Microtus sp. are preferentially used to reconstruct summer air temperatures, which range from 16.0 ± 3.7 to 19.1 ± 3.1°C throughout the sedimentary sequence; however, the highest variability is observed during the last glacial maximum.
Boundary-layer flow and bed shear stress under a solitary wave: revision
Authors: Park Yong Sung , Verschaeve Joris , Pedersen Geir K. , Liu Philip L.-F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe address two shortcomings in the article by Liu, Park & Cowen (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 574, 2007, pp. 449–463), which gave a theoretical and experimental treatise of the bottom boundary-layer under a solitary wave.
DoubleΓ-Convergence and Application to Energy Functionals
Authors: Chang Mao-Sheng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe introduce a ‘double’ version ofΓ-convergence, which we have named ‘doubleΓ-convergence’, and apply it to obtain theΓ-limit of double-perturbed energy functionals asp→ 1 andp→ +∞, respectively. The limit of (p, q)-type capacity asp→ 1 andp→ +∞, respectively, is also obtained in this manner.
The Economic Value of Realized Volatility: Using High-Frequency Returns for Option Valuation
Authors: Christoffersen Peter , Feunou Bruno , Jacobs Kris , Meddahi Nour 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMany studies have documented that daily realized volatility estimates based on intraday returns provide volatility forecasts that are superior to forecasts constructed from daily returns only. We investigate whether these forecasting improvements translate into economic value added. To do so, we develop a new class of affine discrete-time option valuation models that use daily returns as well as realized volatility. We derive convenient closed-form option valuation formulas, and we assess the option valuation properties using Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 return and option data. We find that realized volatility reduces the pricing errors of the benchmark model significantly across moneyness, maturity, and volatility levels.
Genome evolution in trypanosomatid parasites
Authors: JACKSON ANDREW P. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYA decade of genome sequencing has transformed our understanding of how trypanosomatid parasites have evolved and provided fresh impetus to explaining the origins of parasitism in the Kinetoplastida. In this review, I will consider the many ways in which genome sequences have influenced our view of genomic reduction in trypanosomatids; how species-specific genes, and the genomic domains they occupy, have illuminated the innovations in trypanosomatid genomes; and how comparative genomics has exposed the molecular mechanisms responsible for innovation and adaptation to a parasitic lifestyle.
Development of Acanthocheilonema reconditum (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) in the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae)
Authors: NAPOLI ETTORE , BRIANTI EMANUELE , FALSONE LUIGI , GAGLIO GABRIELLA , FOIT SABRINA , ABRAMO FRANCESCA , ANNOSCIA GIADA , DANTAS-TORRES FILIPE , GIANNETTO SALVATORE , OTRANTO DOMENICO 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYTo investigate larval development of Acanthocheilonema reconditum in the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis, fleas were fed through an artificial feeding system with dog blood containing different concentrations of microfilariae (i.e. low, group L = 250; medium, group M = 500; high, group H = 1500 microfilariae per mL) or no microfilariae (group C). Fleas were sampled at 12 different time-points throughout the study period (D1–D28) and A. reconditum was detected by dissection, PCR and histology. Of 2105 fleas fed with infected dog blood, 891 (38·7%) died during the study before being sampled whilst the remaining (n = 1214) were examined for A. reconditum. Upon dissection, first-stage larvae (L1) were identified after 2 days post infection (D2), second-stage (L2) at D13 and infective third-stage larvae (L3) at D15. Eighteen (30%) of 60 pools of fleas molecularly examined tested positive. Histologically, L2 were detected at D13 in the sub-cuticle region embedded in the back muscle of one female flea. This study provides original data on larval development of A. reconditum in C. felis and reports on the usefulness of the artificial feeding system.
Genetic diversity ofPlasmodium vivaxover time and space: a community-based study in rural Amazonia
Authors: BATISTA CAMILLA L. , BARBOSA SUSANA , DA SILVA BASTOS MELISSA , VIANA SUSANA ARIANE S. , FERREIRA MARCELO U. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYTo examine how community-level genetic diversity of the malaria parasitePlasmodium vivaxvaries across time and space, we investigated the dynamics of parasite polymorphisms during the early phases of occupation of a frontier settlement in the Amazon Basin of Brazil. Microsatellite characterization of 84 isolates ofP. vivaxsampled over 3 years revealed a moderate-to-high genetic diversity (mean expected heterozygosity, 0·699), with a large proportion (78·5%) of multiple-clone infections (MCI), but also a strong multilocus linkage disequilibrium (LD) consistent with rare outcrossing. Little temporal and no spatial clustering was observed in the distribution of parasite haplotypes. A single microsatellite haplotype was shared by 3 parasites collected during an outbreak; all other 81 haplotypes were recovered only once. The lowest parasite diversity, with the smallest proportion of MCI and the strongest LD, was observed at the time of the outbreak, providing a clear example of epidemic population structure in a human pathogen. Population genetic parameters returned to pre-outbreak values during last 2 years of study, despite the concomitant decline in malaria incidence. We suggest that parasite genotyping can be useful for tracking the spread of new parasite strains associated with outbreaks in areas approaching malaria elimination.
Who Is My Neighbour? Understanding Indifference as a Vice
Authors: Lillehammer Hallvard 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIndifference is often described as a vice. Yet who is indifferent; to what; and in what way is poorly understood, and frequently subject to controversy and confusion. This paper proposes a framework for the interpretation and analysis of ethically problematic forms of indifference in terms of how different states of indifference can be either more or less dynamic, or more or less sensitive to the nature and state of their object.
Target-tools recognition method based on an image feature library for space station cabin service robots
Authors: Cheng Lingbo , Jiang Zhihong , Li Hui , Wei Bo , Huang Qiang 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents a method to improve the speed and accuracy rate for space robot visual target recognition based on illumination and affine invariant feature extraction. The method takes illumination changes, strong nonlinear light due to refraction and reflection, target affine transformation and occlusion into consideration, all of which occur on the cabin target surface and affect the target recognition accuracy seriously. In this paper, a method is proposed to capture a same target at multi-viewpoints to establish feature library for high recognition accuracy and speed at any viewpoint. By using an analysis of the light intensity and gray level transformation, we obtain the corrected image which reduce the influence of illumination change. Then the affine moment invariants features of the correction images at multi-viewpoints were extracted and the average feature datum were stored in the library. To verify the validity of the method, a robot vision system provided images, followed by image preprocessing, dynamic local threshold segmentation and feature extraction. These methods were verified on a target recognition system of space robot built for this research. The experimental results showed that the methods were feasible and effective.
A Fractured Position in a Stable Partnership: Ebba Hult, Gerard De Geer, and Early Twentieth Century Swedish Geology
Authors: Bergwik Staffan 
Published: July 2014

ArgumentThis article explores the scientific partnership between geology professor Gerard De Geer and his wife Ebba Hult following their marriage in 1908. De Geer was an influential participant in Swedish academia and international geology. Hult worked as his assistant until his death in 1943. The partnership was beneficial for both spouses, in particular through the semi-private Geochronological Institute, which they controlled. The article argues that marriage was a culturally acknowledged form of collaboration in the academic community, and as such it offered Hult access to geological research. However, the paper also argues that the gendered scientific institutions produced a fractured position. Partly, Hult managed to create her own role as researcher in geochronology. As a woman and a wife, however, she never moved out of her husband's shadow. Gender is understood as a relational category: Hult was an outsider who participated partially in standardized structures which gave great power to her husband and other men. The fact that she shared this status with other women in Swedish science at the time indicates the structural nature of their position. Nevertheless, they all had individual trajectories through academia. Indeed, the study of collaborative couples illustrates the multifaceted links between individual actions and the historical context of science.