bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facts and numbers on epidemiology and pharmacological treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Edelmann Frank 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major and growing public health problem. Epidemiologic studies demonstrated that heart failure (HF) can be clinically diagnosed in patients with normal or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. These patients are therefore termed as having HFpEF. In the past, this was often called diastolic HF. Because of the permanent increase of the prevalence of HFpEF during the past decades, HFpEF now accounts for more than 50% of the total HF population. There are uncertainties and debates regarding the definition, diagnosis, and pathophysiology with the consequence that all outcome trials performed so far used criteria for inclusion and exclusion that were not consistent. These trials also failed to document improved prognosis. Recent smaller proof‐of‐concept or Phase II clinical trials investigating different pathophysiological approaches with substances such as the neprilysin inhibitor–angiotensin receptor blocker− combination (LCZ 696), ranolazine, or ivabradine were successful to improve biomarkers, haemodynamics, or functional capacity. Future trials will need to document whether also prognosis can be improved.
Outage performance of a network coding aided multi‐user cooperative secondary network
Authors: Mafra S. B. , Souza R. D. , Rebelatto J. L. , Brante G. , Rayel O. K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe evaluate the performance of a network‐coded cooperative secondary network in a cognitive radio system under spectrum sharing constraints. The secondary network is composed of multiple sources that cooperate to transmit their own information to a common secondary destination. The outage probability is analysed under a given maximum interference constraint set by the primary network as well as to the maximum transmit power limit of the secondary sources. Moreover, we also obtain a closed‐form equation for the ϵ‐outage capacity, that is, the maximum information rate achieved by the secondary sources given a target outage probability. Also, we resort to the Dinkelbach algorithm in order to find the optimum number of parity packets that maximises the ϵ‐outage capacity. The influence of the number of source nodes and another system parameters in the secondary's performance is also evaluated, and we show through theoretical and numerical results that cooperative communication with network coding can provide significant gains in terms of outage probability and diversity order when compared with non‐cooperative or traditional cooperative. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal modelling of gypsum plasterboard assemblies exposed to standard fire tests
Authors: Lázaro David , Puente Eduardo , Lázaro Mariano , Lázaro Pedro G. , Peña Jorge 
Published: May 2015

SummaryGypsum plasterboards are widely used for compartmentation and for retarding the spread of fire in buildings. Although numerous heat transfer studies have been conducted, literature indicates there are extensive differences in the thermal properties used in these studies. Comprehensive experimental and numerical analyses have been conducted to elucidate the leading factor in the ablation of a gypsum board system when it is exposed to the standard fire resistance test. A methodology based on both simultaneous thermal analysis and computational modelling is proposed to understand the behaviour of a gypsum plasterboard when the boundary temperature increases quickly as one side of the wall is subjected to the standard ISO 834. Finally, four different wall assemblies made of a commercial fireproof plasterboard system are exposed to the standard test. The temperature on the unexposed face is examined to validate the computational model of the plasterboard. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulations of fluid–structure interaction based on Cartesian grids with two boundary velocities
Authors: Huang Ching‐Jer , Lin Chun‐Yuan , Chen Chih‐Hsin 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis work proposes an innovative numerical method for simulating the interaction of fluid with irregularly shaped stationary structures based on Cartesian grids. Instead of prescribing an artificial force to enforce the no‐slip boundary condition at the solid–fluid interface, this work imposes two boundary velocities, referred to as the solid and mass‐conserving boundary velocities, to satisfy the no‐slip boundary condition and mass conservation in the ghost cells around the immersed solid boundary. Both the traditional level set method [41] and the hybrid particle level set method [45] were used to represent the solid boundary and the complex free‐surface evolution, respectively. Consequently, the boundary velocities close to the immersed solid boundary can be determined in terms of the level set function and the neighboring fluid velocity. The projection method is further modified to incorporate the solid and mass‐conserving boundary velocities into the solution algorithm. A series of numerical experiments were conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. They involved uniform flow past a stationary circular cylinder and the propagation of water waves over a submerged trapezoidal breakwater. Comparisons between the numerical results and experimental data showed very good agreement in all cases of interest. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method to enhance the CO2 storage capacity of pyroxenitic rocks
Authors: Rigopoulos Ioannis , Vasiliades Michalis A. , Petallidou Klito C. , Ioannou Ioannis , Efstathiou Angelos M. , Kyratsi Theodora 
Published: May 2015

AbstractInvestigation of new efficient pathways for CO2 sequestration is of great significance for the mitigation of climate change. Ultramafic rocks are considered among the most promising lithotypes for the safe storage of CO2 via mineral carbonation. This paper investigates a powerful method for the optimization of the ex situ carbonation of pyroxenitic rocks, which comprise part of ultramafic lithologies occurring in ophiolite complexes. The ball milling process was applied to a sample of pyroxenite from the Troodos ophiolite (Cyprus) for the first time, in order to create novel nanomaterials with enhanced CO2 storage capacity. The goal was to accelerate the kinetics of rock‐fluid reactions during the carbonation process. The starting rock material and the ball‐milled samples were characterized using a variety of methodologies. The experimental results imply that only a few hours of wet ball milling with ethanol as process control agent can substantially increase the CO2 storage capacity of pyroxenites. Through temperature‐programmed desorption of CO2 (CO2‐TPD) experiments, we show that the optimum milling conditions are 4 h of ball milling with 50 wt% ethanol, leading to an increase of the CO2 uptake of the studied rock material by 41 times. This notable increase designates that pyroxenites are very promising lithologies for CO2 storage via ex situ carbonation, and that ball milling can be an effective preparation technique for this process, providing an efficient and secure carbon storage solution.© 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Calculating Sunshine Hours and Reference Evapotranspiration in Arid Regions When Solar Radiation Data are Limited
Authors: Abd el‐wahed Mohamed H. , Snyder Richard L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe Penman–Monteith equation is often recommended as the standard for both computing the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and evaluating other ET0 equations. The main shortcoming of this equation is it requires weather data, e.g. solar radiation or sunshine hours (n), that are not always available. Since neither solar radiation nor n data are available in Libya, the main objective of the present study was to develop a reliable equation for estimating the sunshine hours (ne) to estimate monthly ET0 in arid regions. In this study, three equations were developed for predicting ne based on mean monthly temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. The derived equations were used for calculating the monthly ET0 based on the Penman–Monteith equation. The ET0 estimates were compared with ET0 calculated using observed n. The results indicate that the ET0 calculated using ne matched well with the ET0 calculated by n.The ET0 calculated by the three equations were tested against ET0 calculated by both the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) and Hargreaves–Samani equation.The ET0 based on estimated sunshine was closest to ET0 obtained from CIMIS compared to the Hargreaves–Samani equation. In conclusion, the equation to estimate sunshine hours should provide good estimates of the ET0 for similar desert locations that lack sunshine hours or solar radiation data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of microgravity on glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor gene expression in the mouse brain
Authors: Tsybko A.S. , Ilchibaeva T.V. , Kulikov A.V. , Kulikova E.A. , Krasnov I.B. , Sychev V.N. , Shenkman B.S. , Popova N.K. , Naumenko V.S. 
Published: May 2015

Mice were exposed to 1 month of space flight on the Russian biosatellite BION‐M1 to determine its effect on the expression of genes involved in the maintenance of the mouse brain dopamine system. The current article focuses on the genes encoding glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF). Space flight reduced expression of the GDNF gene in the striatum and hypothalamus but increased it in the frontal cortex and raphe nuclei area. At the same time, actual space flight reduced expression of the gene encoding CDNF in the substantia nigra but increased it in the raphe nuclei area. To separate the effects of space flight from environmental stress contribution, we analyzed expression of the investigated genes in mice housed for 1 month on Earth in the same shuttle cabins that were used for space flight and in mice of the vivarium control group. Shuttle cabin housing failed to alter the expression of the GDNF and CDNF genes in the brain structures investigated. Thus, actual long‐term space flight produced dysregulation in genetic control of GDNF and CDNF genes. These changes may be related to downregulation of the dopamine system after space flight, which we have shown earlier. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Significance: Our results provide the first evidence of microgravity effects on expression of the GDNF and CDNF neurotrophic factor genes. A considerable decrease in mRNA level of GDNF and CDNF in the nigrostriatal dopamine system was found. Because both GDNF and CDNF play a significant role in maintenance and survival of brain dopaminergic neurons, we can assume that this dysregulation in genetic control of GDNF and CDNF genes in substantia nigra could be among the reasons for the deleterious effects of space flight on the dopamine system.
Achieving standard wide color gamut by tuning LED backlight and color filter spectrum in LCD
Authors: Zhan Hongming , Xu Zheng , Tian Chao , Wang Yupeng , Chen Ming , Kim Woong , Bu Zhanchang , Shao Xibin , Lee Seongkyu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn order to achieve the standard red, green, and blue (sRGB) standard color gamut in color liquid crystal display and improve the image quality, the impact of the backlight and color filter spectrum on module's chroma was simulated and analyzed. The color gamut was enhanced by adjusting and optimizing the two parts of spectrums of LED backlight and color filter and by using red and green phosphor LED backlight to match the new color filter with an appropriate thickness. Experimental results show that: When the thickness of color filter is 2.2 µm, National Television System Committee color gamut increases from 65.3% to 74.9%, and sRGB matching rate enhances from 83.2% to 100%, achieving a full coverage of the sRGB standard color gamut, the transmittance of white light reaches 28.1%. Also, it is verified that shifting the peak position of the backlight and color filter spectrum to purification direction, as well as narrowing its half‐width can upgrade the color gamut. Meanwhile, the thicker the thickness of color filter is, the wider color gamut it has, based on the same pigment material.
Sequential bilateral cochlear implantation in the adolescent population
Authors: Friedmann David R. , Green Janet , Fang Yixin , Ensor Kelsey , Roland J. Thomas , Waltzman Susan B. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the variables affecting outcomes for sequential bilateral cochlear implantation patients in the adolescent population.Study DesignRetrospective chart review at tertiary care center.MethodsMain outcome measures were open set speech recognition tests at the word (Consonant‐Nucleus‐Consonant/Phonetically Balanced Kindergarten List Test [CNC/PBK]) and sentence levels in noise (Hearing in Noise Test‐Noise [HINT‐N]) in different test conditions with respect to the age at first and sequential implantation, as well as the interval between implants.ResultsDespite a mean age at sequential implantation of 13.5 years, sequential bilateral implanted adolescents revealed significant improvement in the sequential cochlear implant (CI2) ear. The mean time interval between implants was 8.2 years. A wide range of performance was noted, and age at implantation and interval between first cochlear implant (CI1) and CI2 did not predict outcome. Mean CNC/PBK score with CI1 alone was 83.0%, with the CI2 alone was 56.5%, and with bilateral implants was 86.8%. Sentence scores (HINT‐N) were 89.5% for CI1, 74.2% for CI2, and 94.4% for bilateral CI condition. The clinical relevance of these enhanced perception abilities requires attention to individual device use, performance with the first implant, and subjective benefits reported by patients.ConclusionsBilateral sequential cochlear implantation leads to improved speech perception in the adolescent population and should be considered in this population, even after a long period of deafness and despite a prolonged interval between implants. Numerous factors affect the ability to predict performance, but age at implantation and interimplant interval were not correlated with performance measures. Extensive preoperative counseling and individualized evaluation are critical to ensure that patients and families understand the range of possible outcomes.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:1952–1958, 2015
Effect of comorbid diabetes and hypercholesterolemia on the prognosis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Lin Chang‐Fu , Lee Kuan‐Ji , Yu Shiou‐Shyan , Lin Yung‐Song 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesWe tested the hypothesis that comorbid diseases significantly affect the prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).Study DesignA retrospective cohort study.MethodsThe records of patients newly diagnosed with ISSNHL and treated with steroid prednisolone in a tertiary referral center between January 2003 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Pretreatment and posttreatment hearing levels were evaluated using pure‐tone average (PTA) and word recognition score (WRS). The comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, hypercholesterolemia, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and anemia were identified. We examined the effects of these comorbid diseases on the prognosis of ISSNHL 2 months posttreatment.ResultsRegression analyses adjusted for gender, age, pretreatment hearing, treatment delay time, and all the comorbidities showed that the probability of major improvement in the PTA was significantly higher in patients without diabetes compared to those with diabetes (univariate odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25–2.90; multivariate OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.03–2.77). Major (≥90%) and moderate (50%–89% improvement of the PTA, but with a remaining hearing loss of >10 dB) improvement in the PTA was significantly higher in patients without hypercholesterolemia compared to those with hypercholesterolemia (univariate OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.13–2.80; multivariate OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.02–2.84). There was, however, no significant difference in the distribution of major (≥90%), moderate (50%–89%), and minor (<50%) improvement in the posttreatment WRS for these comorbid diseases.ConclusionsComorbid diabetes or hypercholesterolemia may indicate a smaller probability of major or moderate PTA improvement for patients with ISSNHL.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:142–149, 2016
A comparative investigation of bone surface after cutting with mechanical tools and Er:YAG laser
Authors: Baek Kyung‐won , Deibel Waldemar , Marinov Dilyan , Griessen Mathias , Dard Michel , Bruno Alfredo , Zeilhofer Hans‐Florian , Cattin Philippe , Juergens Philipp 
Published: May 2015

Background and ObjectivesDespite of the long history of medical application, laser ablation of bone tissue became successful only recently. Laser bone cutting is proven to have higher accuracy and to increase bone healing compared to conventional mechanical bone cutting. But the reason of subsequent better healing is not biologically explained yet. In this study we present our experience with an integrated miniaturized laser system mounted on a surgical lightweight robotic arm.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAn Erbium‐doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Er:YAG) laser and a piezoelectric (PZE) osteotome were used for comparison. In six grown up female Göttingen minipigs, comparative surgical interventions were done on the edentulous mandibular ridge. Our laser system was used to create different shapes of bone defects on the left side of the mandible. On the contralateral side, similar bone defects were created by PZE osteotome. Small bone samples were harvested to compare the immediate post‐operative cut surface.ResultsThe analysis of the cut surface of the laser osteotomy and conventional mechanical osteotomy revealed an essential difference. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed biologically open cut surfaces from the laser osteotomy. The samples from PZE osteotomy showed a flattened tissue structure over the cut surface, resembling the “smear layer” from tooth preparation.ConclusionsWe concluded that our new finding with the mechanical osteotomy suggests a biological explanation to the expected difference in subsequent bone healing. Our hypothesis is that the difference of surface characteristic yields to different bleeding pattern and subsequently results in different bone healing. The analyses of bone healing will support our hypothesis. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:426–432, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Glycine‐Based Ionic Liquid on Spherulite Morphology of Poly(l‐Lactide)
Authors: Ni'mah Hikmatun , Woo Eamor M. 
Published: May 2015

Crystalline morphology, lamellar assembly, spherulitic growth rate, and physical properties of poly(l‐lactide acid) (PLLA) modified by a room‐temperature ionic liquid (IL), N‐alkyl‐substituted‐glycine ester [N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐propyl glycine ethyl ester (DMPGlyET)+] bis(fluoromethanesufonyl)imide [TFSI−], are investigated by using polarized optical microscopy, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetric, and atomic‐force microscopy. Thermal analyses and in situ microscopy characterization reveal the PLLA/IL mixture with upper‐critical‐solution‐temperature behavior. Crystalline morphology of PLLA is significantly changed by the addition of IL to display massive diversification of spherulites morphology which has never been reported before in neat PLLA or PLLA blends with polymers. The morphological change and diversifications in PLLA/IL mixture are associated with strong interactions between PLLA and IL, which impede the melt crystallization of PLLA and tend to form PLLA nuclei of various geometry shapes. In addition, neat PLLA is generally brittle with extensive crack formation during postcrystallization cooling process; however, with the addition of IL, cracks are reduced or diminished entirely, potentially to enhance the performance and properties of PLLA.
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Safe Administration of Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections During Pregnancy: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Krug Henriette , Krause Patricia , Kupsch Andreas , Kühn Andrea A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLocal injections of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) are safe and efficacious to treat focal and segmental dystonia. However, there are no adequate studies in humans regarding the safety of BoNT/A during pregnancy. Despite the fact that 25 case reports have been published on patients who received BoNT/A injections during a total of 31 pregnancies, in only 3 patients were the injections continued beyond the first trimester. We report on 2 females with cervical and segmental dystonia who received BoNT/A injections during pregnancy beyond the first trimester and gave birth to 2 healthy children.
1H MR spectroscopic imaging of the prostate at 7T using spectral‐spatial pulses
Authors: Lagemaat Miriam W. , Breukels Vincent , Vos Eline K. , Kerr Adam B. , van Uden Mark J. , Orzada Stephan , Bitz Andreas K. , Maas Marnix C. , Scheenen Tom W.J. 
Published: May 2015

PurposeTo assess the feasibility of prostate 1H MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) using low‐power spectral‐spatial (SPSP) pulses at 7T, exploiting accurate spectral selection and spatial selectivity simultaneously.MethodsA double spin‐echo sequence was equipped with SPSP refocusing pulses with a spectral selectivity of 1 ppm. Three‐dimensional prostate 1H‐MRSI at 7T was performed with the SPSP‐MRSI sequence using an 8‐channel transmit array coil and an endorectal receive coil in three patients with prostate cancer and in one healthy subject. No additional water or lipid suppression pulses were used.ResultsProstate 1H‐MRSI could be obtained well within specific absorption rate (SAR) limits in a clinically feasible time (10 min). Next to the common citrate signals, the prostate spectra exhibited high spermine signals concealing creatine and sometimes also choline. Residual lipid signals were observed at the edges of the prostate because of limitations in spectral and spatial selectivity.ConclusionIt is possible to perform prostate 1H‐MRSI at 7T with a SPSP‐MRSI sequence while using separate transmit and receive coils. This low‐SAR MRSI concept provides the opportunity to increase spatial resolution of MRSI within reasonable scan times. Magn Reson Med 75:933–945, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.