bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrogen favors the differentiation of ovarian tissues in the ambisexual gonads of anemonefish Amphiprion clarkii
Authors: Miura Saori , Kobayashi Yasuhisa , Bhandari Ramji Kumar , Nakamura Masaru 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAll undifferentiated gonads of anemonefish first differentiate into ovaries, and then testicular tissue appear among ovarian tissue, and finally form ambisexual gonads with both ovarian and testicular tissues. The role of estradiol‐17beta (E2) in differentiation of ovarian cells is well conserved across phyla; however, its role in development of ambisexual gonads is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the E2 produced during the differentiation of ovarian cells does not allow testicular cells to differentiate in the prospective ambisexual gonad. We examined the immunolocalization of the steroidogenic enzyme cytochrome aromatase (P450arom), which is involved in E2 production. In the gonads, numbers of the P450arom‐positive cells increased during ovarian differentiation. However, immunopositive cells with weak signal intensity were seen in the interstitial areas among oocytes and between oocytes and testicular tissue undergoing testicular differentiation. In contrast, P450arom‐positive cells were not found in any testicular tissues of the ambisexual gonads. We also examined changes in E2 production in vitro in the gonads during testicular differentiation. E2 was high in the ovaries before the appearance all of testicular tissue, and decreased accompanying the differentiation of testicular tissue. These results suggest a balance of estrogen/androgen seems to be important during sex differentiation, and then a shift from estrogen to androgen production may induce testicular differentiation in the ovary. Further, exogenous E2 treatment suppressed naturally occurring differentiation of testicular cells forming exclusively ovarian tissues in the gonad in vivo, suggesting the increase of estrogen blocks the differentiation of testicular tissue and the formation of ambisexual gonad. J. Exp. Zool. 319A: 560–568, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alaska megathrust 1: Seismicity 43 years after the great 1964 Alaska megathrust earthquake
Authors: Li Jiyao , Abers Geoffrey A. , Kim YoungHee , Christensen Douglas 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe largest moment release during the 1964 Mw 9.2 Alaska earthquake was on the portion of the megathrust under the eastern Kenai Peninsula and the Prince William Sound. The area is currently locked geodetically and corresponds to where the Yakutat terrane is subducting. In 2006–2009, a seismic array consisting of 34 broadband seismometers was deployed in the region. An automatic algorithm was used to detect 12,563 local earthquakes using 13 months of data from the experiment. Of these, 9427 good quality earthquakes could be relocated in a joint inversion for hypocenters and velocity structure. They were then relocated by double difference to generate a final catalog of 8308 hypocenters. These microearthquakes delineate a deeper steeply dipping Wadati‐Benioff zone contiguous with an 11 km wide seismic zone dipping at 3° between 20 km and 40 km depth along the 1964 earthquake's rupture zone. Focal mechanisms do not show interplate thrust faulting events, but mostly normal faulting events with T axes generally parallel the slab dip direction, indicating them to be intraslab seismicity. The shallow narrow band of seismicity lies within the subducting Yakutat terrane and right below the thrust zone. Possibly, thrust faulting has not yet resumed yet in this early phase of the earthquake cycle. Thick subducted sediments overlying the Yakutat terrane could also form a large strong contact zone on a relatively smooth plate boundary, which does not favor seismic sliding on small patches but ruptures homogenously in great earthquakes.
Moho interface beneath Yakutat terrane, southern Alaska
Authors: Christeson G. L. , Van Avendonk H. J. A. , Gulick S. P. S. , Reece R. S. , Pavlis G. L. , Pavlis T. L. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe use air gun shots recorded by ocean‐bottom and land seismometers to constrain a 3‐D velocity structure and a Moho interface depth for the Yakutat terrane in southern Alaska. We use a tomographic inversion of ~61,000 first‐arrival picks from 64 receivers to create a 3‐D velocity model. The average velocity‐depth function north of the coastline has velocities at the surface of ~4–5 km/s, increasing to velocities of >6 km/s at ~12–13 km below the surface. Average velocities at the surface are slower near the coast (3.8 km/s) than under the highest topography (4.7 km/s). We carry out an interface inversion of ~19,000 PmP reflection picks from 50 receivers to constrain a 2‐D Moho interface model. The average Moho depth of the Yakutat terrane in the marine portion of our study area is ~30 km, but depth rapidly increases onshore to 40–45 km beneath the high topography of the Chugach‐St. Elias Mountains. Moho depths are consistent with Airy isostasy beneath the orogen. Our data set supports a continuous Moho at the base of the Yakutat terrane, with no evidence for Pacific oceanic crust underthrusting the Yakutat terrane. We present several geologic models for crustal thickening beneath the Chugach‐St. Elias orogen that are consistent with the seismic observations and surface geology and compare these models with geologic mapping in the region. We argue that crustal thickening and topography at the Chugach‐St. Elias Mountains is obtained via a duplex system that produces a vertically growing antiformal stack of sedimentary and metasedimentary material.
Chordal 2‐Connected Graphs and Spanning Trees
Authors: Bogdanowicz Zbigniew R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe present a transformation on a chordal 2‐connected simple graph that decreases the number of spanning trees. Based on this transformation, we show that for positive integers n, m with , the threshold graph having n vertices and m edges that consists of an ‐clique and vertices of degree 2 is the only graph with the fewest spanning trees among all 2‐connected chordal graphs on n vertices and m edges.
Marked induction of matrix metalloproteinase‐10 by respiratory syncytial virus infection in human nasal epithelial cells
Authors: Hirakawa Satoshi , Kojima Takashi , Obata Kazufumi , Okabayashi Tamaki , Yokota Shin‐ichi , Nomura Kazuaki , Obonai Toshimasa , Fuchimoto Jun , Himi Tetsuo , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki , Sawada Norimasa 
Published: September 2013

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important pathogen of bronchiolitis, asthma, and severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play key roles in viral infection, inflammation and remodeling of the airway. However, the roles and regulation of MMPs in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) after RSV infection remain unclear. To investigate the regulation of MMP induced after RSV infection in HNECs, an RSV‐infected model of HNECs in vitro was used. It was found that mRNA of MMP‐10 was markedly increased in HNECs after RSV infection, together with induction of mRNAs of MMP‐1, ‐7, ‐9, and ‐19. The amount of MMP‐10 released from HNECs was also increased in a time‐dependent manner after RSV infection as was that of chemokine RANTES. The upregulation of MMP‐10 in HNECs after RSV infection was prevented by inhibitors of NF‐κB and pan‐PKC with inhibition of RSV replication, whereas it was prevented by inhibitors of JAK/STAT, MAPK, and EGF receptors without inhibition of RSV replication. In lung tissue of an infant with severe RSV infection in which a few RSV antibody‐positive macrophages were observed, MMP‐10 was expressed at the apical side of the bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells. In conclusion, MMP‐10 induced by RSV infection in HNECs is regulated via distinct signal transduction pathways with or without relation to RSV replication. MMP‐10 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RSV diseases and it has the potential to be a novel marker and therapeutic target for RSV infection. J. Med. Virol. 85:2141–2150, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recurrence of another hepatitis B virus escape mutant comes back in a patient infected with HIV and low CD4+ count
Authors: Milazzo Laura , Ebranati Erika , Cattaneo Dario , Gabanelli Elena , Lai Alessia , Zehender Gianguglielmo , Gervasoni Cristina 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe case of an HIV‐positive patient who cleared formerly acute HBV infection and experienced HBV exacerbation before starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) followed by a severe elevation of liver enzymes one month after the introduction of ART is reported. Laboratory tests revealed the presence of a subgenotype A2 carrying at least seven different mutations within the S protein and high lopinavir plasma concentrations. Irrespectively of the many possible mechanisms of HBV reactivation in patients infected with HIV (escape mutants selection, host immune deficiency progression, antiretroviral‐related immune reconstitution, glucocorticosteroids, chemotherapy), the message is that HIV patients should be monitored strictly not only by serological and virological assays to recognize early HBV reactivation, but also for drug over‐exposure. J. Med. Virol. 86:97–101, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular identification and characterization ofFusariumspp. associated with sorghum seeds
Authors: Divakara Shetty Thimmappa , Santosh Parthasarathy , Aiyaz Mohammed , Venkata Ramana Mudili , Hariprasad Puttaswamy , Nayaka Siddaih Chandra , Niranjana Siddapura Ramachandrappa 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDFusariumspp. are not only pathogenic to plants but are also known as toxin producers that negatively affect animal and human health. The identification ofFusariumspp. remains one of the most critical issues in fungal taxonomy. In this study, different strains ofFusariumspp. were isolated from sorghum seed samples and identified at the molecular level bytef‐1αgene amplification. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay was developed to differentiate toxigenic and non‐toxigenicFusariumspp. by designing a primer for theFum21gene along with theFum1andFum8genes. A competitive direct enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (CD‐ELISA) was employed to assess the fumonisin‐producing ability ofFusariumspp. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using partial sequences oftef‐1αand inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers of differentFusariumspp.RESULTSAll 27 isolates ofFusariumspp. were positive for thetef‐1αgene and revealed the presence ofF. verticillioides,F. thapsinaandF. cf.incarnatum‐equiseticomplex. The standardizedmPCRassay distinguished toxigenic and non‐toxigenicF. verticillioides. Further,mPCRfumonisin‐positiveF. verticillioidesisolates were also positive byCD‐ELISA. Thetef‐1αgene sequence was found to be useful in revealing intraspecific polymorphism to some extent.ISSRmarkers revealed a high level of polymorphism among different isolates ofFusariumspp., and the dendrogram ofISSRanalyses grouped the 27 isolates into two major clusters.CONCLUSIONThe present method provided rapid and reliable detection of fumonisin‐producingFusariumspp. ThemPCRassay could be an alternative strategy to current conventional mycotoxin analytical techniques and a reliable tool for high‐throughput monitoring of major mycotoxin‐producing fungi during the processing steps of food and feed commodities. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Mechanisms of Multiple Types of Lamellae and Spherulites in Poly(l‐lactic acid) Interacting with Poly(4‐vinyl phenol)
Authors: Nurkhamidah Siti , Woo Eamor M. 
Published: September 2013

Multiple types of crystalline morphology are present in low‐molecular‐weight poly(l‐lactic acid) (LMw‐PLLA) upon blending with poly(vinyl phenol) (PVPh) with 70/30 composition. In such a mixture, three different types of spherulite co‐exist at the same crystallization temperature (Tc = 120 °C), code‐named as Type‐1, Type‐2, and Type‐3, as distinguished from their shape, birefringence, and optical signs. The PLLA molecular weights, the presence of amorphous PVPh, and Tc, etc., are factors for the formation of three uniquely different types of spherulite in PLLA. On increasing Tc from 120 to 130 °C, only hexagonal crystals (Type‐1), can be observed. Spherical‐shape lamellar plates at Tc = 120 °C undergo transformation to stretched‐lamellae plates, Tc = 130 °C, due to the increasing growth rate with increasing Tc.
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Synthetic Glycopolypeptides as Potential Inhibitory Agents for Dendritic Cells and HIV‐1 Trafficking
Authors: Huang Jin , Zhang Qiang , Li Guang‐Zhao , Haddleton David M. , Wallis Russell , Mitchell Daniel , Heise Andreas , Becer C. Remzi 
Published: September 2013

Multivalent binding is a key for many critical biological processes and unique recognition and specificity in binding enables many of different glycans and proteins to work in a great harmony within the human body. In this study, the binding kinetics of synthetic glycopolypeptides to the dendritic cell lectin DC‐SIGN and their inhibition potential for DC‐SIGN interactions with the gp120 envelope glycoprotein of HIV‐1 (gp120) are investigated.
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Single versus dual venous anastomoses of the free fibula osteocutaneous flap in mandibular reconstruction: A retrospective study
Authors: Han Zhengxue , Li Jinzhong , Li Hua , Su Ming , Qin Lizheng 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveThe present study was to compare the success rates of single venous anastomosis with dual venous anastomoses of the free fibula osteocutaneous flap in mandibular reconstruction.Patients and MethodsRetrospective review of all cases of mandibular reconstruction using free fibula osteocutaneous flaps performed by a single surgeon in our department during the period January 2005 to April 2012. All the flaps were harvested and transplanted by the standard protocols. Microvascular anastomosis of either one or two veins was performed. In addition to routine clinical evaluation, the viability of the flap was evaluated by a portable Doppler at the tenth day after surgery.ResultsTwo hundred and one free fibula osteocutaneous flaps were performed during this time period. Single venous anastomosis was performed in 112 flaps and dual venous anastomoses were performed in 89 flaps. The overall incidence of vascular thrombosis was 3%, and the success rate of the transplantation was 98.5%. Six cases developed vascular thrombosis postoperatively. One was arterial thrombosis that occurred 12 hours after initial operation in the dual venous anastomoses group. Three venous thrombosis occurred 24 hr after the operation in the single venous anastomosis group. In dual venous anastomoses group, two venous thrombosis occurred 3–4 days after initial operation and attempt to salvage failed in both the cases. Fisher's exact test showed that there was no significant difference of the success rate between single and dual anastomoses groups (P = 0.59).ConclusionsThere is no difference in success rates between single venous anastomosis and dual venous anastomoses for mandibular reconstruction with free fibula osteocutaneous flap. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 33:652–655, 2013.
On the interpolation of normal vectors for triangle meshes
Authors: Ubach P.‐A. , Estruch C. , Garcia‐Espinosa J. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYThis paper analyzes the problem arising from the need to assign information about the normal vectors to the surface at the nodes of a mesh of triangles. Meshes of triangles do not have normals uniquely defined at the nodes. A widely used technique to compute the normal direction at any given node is to compute the weighted average of the normals of each surrounding triangle.The present study proposes new weighting factors to compute the normal directions at the nodes of the mesh of triangles of a general surface. Previous weights found in the literature used the geometric dimensions of the triangles themselves to design the weighting factors. The new factors are proposed using the triangles’ circumscribed circles dimensions. The new weights provide superior results than the ones obtained by previous best practices for a wide range of surfaces.An advanced framework based on the approachability of smooth surfaces by quadrics is presented and used. This framework helps to understand the improved performance of the presented factors with respect to other factors found in the literature. A comprehensive numerical comparison analysis is performed, and the most precise of all factors is clearly identified. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breast stromal fibroblasts from histologically normal surgical margins are pro‐carcinogenic
Authors: Al‐Rakan Maha A , Colak Dilek , Hendrayani Siti‐Faujiah , Al‐Bakheet Albandary , Al‐Mohanna Falah H , Kaya Namik , Al‐Malik Osama , Aboussekhra Abdelilah 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThere is evidence that normal breast stromal fibroblasts (NBFs) suppress tumour growth, while cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumourigenesis through functional interactions with tumour cells. Little is known about the biology and the carcinogenic potential of stromal fibroblasts present in histologically normal surgical margins (TCFs). Therefore, we first undertook gene expression analysis on five CAF/TCF pairs from breast cancer patients and three NBF samples (derived from mammoplasties). This comparative analysis revealed variation in gene expression between these three categories of cells, with a TCF‐specific gene expression profile. This variability was higher in TCFs than in their paired CAFs and also NBFs. Cytokine arrays show that TCFs have a specific secretory cytokine profile. In addition, stromal fibroblasts from surgical margins expressed high levels of α‐SMA and SDF‐1 and exhibited higher migratory/invasiveness abilities. Indirect co‐culture showed that TCF cells enhance the proliferation of non‐cancerous mammary epithelial cells and the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells. Moreover, TCF and CAF cells increased the level of PCNA, MMP‐2 and the phosphorylated/activated form of Akt in normal breast luminal fibroblasts in a paracrine manner. Furthermore, TCFs were able to promote the formation and growth of humanized orthotopic breast tumours in nude mice. Interestingly, these TCF phenotypes and the extent of their effects were intermediate between those of NBFs and CAFs. Together, these results indicate that stromal fibroblasts located in non‐cancerous tissues exhibit a tumour‐promoting phenotype, indicating that their presence post‐surgery may play important roles in cancer recurrence. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Autonomic resource contention‐aware scheduling
Authors: Sheikhalishahi Mehdi , Grandinetti Lucio , Wallace Richard M. , Vazquez‐Poletti Jose Luis 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYThe complexity of computing systems introduces a few issues and challenges such as poor performance and high energy consumption. In this paper, we first define and model resource contention metric for high performance computing workloads as a performance metric in scheduling algorithms and systems at the highest level of resource management stack to address the main issues in computing systems. Second, we propose a novel autonomic resource contention‐aware scheduling approach architected on various layers of the resource management stack. We establish the relationship between distributed resource management layers in order to optimize resource contention metric. The simulation results confirm the novelty of our approach.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aspect‐oriented programming and pluggable software units: a comparison based on design patterns
Authors: Barros Fernando J. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe support for software reuse has been a major goal in the design of programming languages. This goal, however, has proven difficult to reach, being only partially enabled by current software tools. In particular, reuse is not fully supported by object‐oriented programming (OOP). Aspect‐oriented programming (AOP) has introduced new operators that extend OOP, enabling a superior support for reusability. However, AOP operators exhibit limitations in supporting software reuse and more powerful constructs are still required. We consider the ability to define software in an independent manner as the key construct to enable systematic software reuse. To bridge the gap between independence and practical software tools, we have developed the concept of Independent and Pluggable Software Unit (PU), a construct that supports the definition of software topologies. In this paper, we compare PUs with AOP in their support for reusable software. To enable comparison, we employ some well described problems addressed by Software Design Patterns (SDPs). We provide PU and AOP versions of several SDPs, including, Observer, Composite, Command, Chain of Responsibility, and Proxy. In particular, we show that, whereas PUs provide a unified representation of design patterns, AOP representations do not achieve this unification. We also show that AOP solutions do not promote independent and reusable software.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Einfluss fiktiver elastischer Konstanten von textilen Gewebemembranen in der Tragwerksanalyse von Membranstrukturen
Authors: Uhlemann Jörg , Stranghöner Natalie 
Published: September 2013

AbstractArchitektonisch anspruchsvolle Leichtbaustrukturen aus räumlich gekrümmten textilen Gewebemembranen werden zunehmend eingesetzt, vor allem wenn große Flächen stützenfrei zu überdachen sind, wie z. B. in Stadien oder großen Hallen. Die räumliche Krümmung gibt der Membrane geometrische Steifigkeit. Trotzdem zeigt sich ein Trend zu immer weniger gekrümmten Membranen. Dadurch nimmt die Bedeutung der geometrischen Steifigkeit für die Spannungen und Verformungen von Membrantragwerken ab, während gleichzeitig die Bedeutung der Materialsteifigkeit zunehmend ins Blickfeld gerät. Das hochgradig nichtlineare anisotrope Materialverhalten beschichteter Gewebemembranen wird bei der Berechnung komplexer Membranstrukturen grob vereinfacht linear‐elastisch angenommen. Da einheitliche Regelungen zur Bestimmung fiktiver elastischer Konstanten fehlen, ergibt sich ein großes Spektrum an Werten, das einen erheblichen quantitativen Einfluss auf die rechnerische Beanspruchung der Membrane und der stählernen Primärstruktur haben kann. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, diese Problematik beispielhaft an einer typischen Membranstruktur zu verdeutlichen und die Tragwerksplaner dafür zu sensibilisieren.Importance of fictitious elastic constants of textile fabrics on the structural analysis of membrane structures. Architecturally ambitious lightweight structures made from spatially curved textile membranes are increasingly used, e. g. for roofing of stadia or big halls. The curvature gives geometric stiffness. However, a trend to structures with small curvature can currently be recognised. This trend decreases the importance of the geometric stiffness and highlights the importance of the material stiffness at the same time. Today, the highly nonlinear material behavior of coated fabrics is roughly been modeled linear‐elastic. As a consequence of a lack of consistent rules for the determination of fictitious elastic constants, a great variety of stiffness values can be obtained. In the structural analysis this leads to a spectrum of resulting stresses for the membrane and the primary steel structure. The aim of the presented paper is to illustrate this problem exemplary for a typical membrane structure and to sensitize the structural engineers for that issue.