bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the Spatial transcriptomic landscape during the progression of high-grade pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms to invasive cancer
Authors: Peng Sirui , Chen Qiangxing , Chen Zixin , Yao Mengling , Cai Yunqiang , He Du , Cai Yu , Cheng Ke , Li Jun , Cai He , Gao Pan , Gu Xiafei , Wang Xin , Li Yongbin , Zhang Man , Meng Lingwei , Xia Qi , Xu Panpan , Zhou Jin , Wu Zhong , Peng Bing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) is one of the known precancerous lesions. Patients’ prognosis is aggravated as IPMN transforms into invasive Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The molecular mechanisms underlying this progression lack effective experimental models and urgently need to be elaborated. We performed spatial transcriptomics (ST) on fresh tissue samples from the same patient including normal pancreas, high-grade IPMN, and invasive PDAC, and described the step-by-step development of transcriptional landscape including clone evolution and adjacent TME feature variation. Our findings identified the master transcript factors and critical signaling pathways promoting IPMN progression to invasive PDAC. Additionally, both IPMN and PDAC harbored the ELF3, MYC, and KLF4 amplification. The Spatial CNV profile demonstrated significant heterogeneity among PDAC in their spatial distribution compared to IPMN, with seven distinct subclones showing diverse functions, such as hypoxia, oxidative phosphorylation, and epithelial-mesenchymal Transition. We observed a marked shift in the immune landscape, with the depletion of CD4+ T-cells and dendritic cells and an increase in immune-suppressive M2 macrophages in invasive PDAC, indicating a transition to an immune-evasive microenvironment. Additionally, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), particularly myofibroblastic CAFs, were enriched adjacent to invasive PDAC, suggesting their active role in tumor progression. By leveraging spatial transcriptomic analysis, our study provides comprehensive insights into the intricate molecular landscape that underlies the progression of IPMNs to invasive PDAC. These findings not only enhance our understanding of this complex process but also offer valuable knowledge for early diagnosis and intervention.HighlightsSpatial CNV analysis reveals clonal evolution and distinct subclones in PDAC.Key drivers like ELF3, MYC, and KLF4 are amplified in both IPMN and invasive PDAC.Immune landscape shifts from pro-inflammatory in IPMN to immune-evasive in PDAC.Enrichment of myofibroblastic CAFs suggests their role in tumor progression
Rough Grouping Enhances YOLO’s Pollinator Classification and Detection from Small Datasets
Authors: Kim Suyeon 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis study addresses the challenges in pollinator monitoring by proposing an effective data structure for automated systems, with a focus on the use of machine learning to handle underrepresented groups in small datasets. By experimenting with grouping the top three pollinators (bee, butterfly, hoverfly) and non-pollinators in datasets of fewer than 300 samples, the research aims to enhance classification and detection accuracy. During 4-hour filming sessions, 181 images of insects larger than 1 cm were captured and classified into three grouping methods: “Pollinator/ Non-pollinator”, “Bee/Butterfly/Hoverfly/Ant”, and “Bumblebee/Honeybee/Butterfly/Hoverfly/ Ant”. YOLO V8 models were trained, validated, and tested with these datasets based on different class grouping methods. The study found that the “Pollinator/Non-pollinator” YOLOv8 model performed best across all metrics, suggesting it is more reliable for categorizing groups and detecting target objects, especially with smaller, imbalanced datasets. This finding aligns with the trend in machine learning that providing more training opportunities for individual classes improves accuracy. Therefore, using broader categorization methods can enhance the reliability and accuracy of automated monitoring systems when training data is insufficient.
Continued T12 transmission and shared antibiotic resistance during 2018-2023Vibrio choleraeoutbreaks in Cameroon
Authors: Ngomtcho Sen Claudine Henriette , Akenji Blaise Mboringong , Ndip Roland , Azman Andrew S , Tayimetha Yanick Carolle , Guenou Etienne , Engamba Sylvain , Okomo Marie Claire Assoumou , Lessler Justin , Wohl Shirlee 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTSeventh pandemicVibrio choleraewas first identified in Cameroon in 1971, causing several sporadic disease clusters with few cases. More recent years have seen larger cholera outbreaks, but the mechanism behind these periodic outbreaks is poorly understood, and it is unclear the degree to which antibiotic resistant strains contribute to disease burden and spread. We used whole genome sequencing to characterize 14V. choleraeisolates from the 2020 and 2021-2023 cholera epidemics in Cameroon. All these isolates belonged to the T12 lineage, and most showed the same antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern regardless of year. This suggests that cholera outbreaks in Cameroon are, at least in part, a continuation of the outbreaks previously reported in 2018 and as far back as 2012. This finding has important implications for cholera management since it suggests the ongoing presence of pathogenic cholera even in years with few reported cases. Similarly, the AMR results suggest the need for new treatment approaches, as resistance to many common antibiotics was found even within our limited sample set. As such, whole genome sequencing should be implemented in low-income countries such as Cameroon to improve disease surveillance and to detect and predict pathogen antibiotic resistance profiles.
Comparative Performance of an AI Tool and First-Year Residents for Retinal Disease and Glaucoma Assessments: A Study in a Mexican Tertiary Care Setting
Authors: Camacho-García-Formentí Dalia , Baylón-Vázquez Gabriela , Arriozola-Rodríguez Karen , Avalos-Ramirez Enrique , Hartleben-Matkin Curt , Valdez-Flores Hugo , Hodelin-Fuentes Damaris , Noriega Alejandro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) shows promise in ophthalmology, but its potential on tertiary care settings in Latin America remains understudied. We evaluated a Mexican AI-powered screening tool, against first-year ophthalmology residents in a tertiary care setting in Mexico City.MethodsWe analysed 435 adult patients undergoing their first ophthalmic evaluation. AI and residents’ assessments were compared against expert annotations for retinal disease, cup-to-disk ratio (CDR) measurements, and glaucoma suspect classification. We also evaluated a synergistic approach combining AI and resident assessments.ResultsFor glaucoma suspect classification, AI outperformed residents in accuracy (88.6% vs 82.9%,p= 0.016), sensitivity (63.0% vs 50.0%,p= 0.116), and specificity (94.5% vs 90.5%,p= 0.062). The synergistic approach deemed a higher sensitivity (80.4%) than ophthalmic residents alone or AI alone (p <0.001). AI’s CDR estimates showed lower mean absolute error (0.056 vs 0.105,p <0.001) and higher correlation with expert measurements (r= 0.728 vsr= 0.538). In retinal disease assessment, AI demonstrated higher sensitivity (90.1% vs 63.0% for medium/high-risk,p <0.001) and specificity (95.8% vs 90.4%,p <0.001). Furthermore, differences between AI and residents were statistically significant across all metrics. The synergistic approach achieved the highest sensitivity for retinal disease (92.6% for medium/high-risk, 100% for high-risk).ConclusionAI outperforms first-year residents in key ophthalmic assessments. The synergistic use of AI and resident assessments shows potential for optimizing diagnostic accuracy, highlighting the value of AI as a supportive tool in ophthalmic practice, especially for early-career clinicians.
Repurposing Ivermectin and ATRA as Potential Therapeutics for Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Sayad Saed , Hiatt Mark , Mustafa Hazem 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal form of primary brain tumor, characterized by rapid growth and resistance to conventional therapies. Despite advances in treatment, most patients succumb to the disease within 15 months. Drug repurposing, which involves finding new uses for existing drugs, is a promising strategy to develop new GBM treatments faster and more cost-effectively.MethodWe obtained single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data (GSE84465) from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository to compare gene expression in GBM neoplastic cells and non-neoplastic cells. We identified genes that were abnormally expressed in tumor cells and linked these genes to potential drug targets. To identify potential repurposed drugs for GBM, we leveraged the Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) database to assess the interaction of various compounds with the differentially expressed genes identified in the scRNA-seq analysis. We focused on compounds that could reverse the aberrant gene expression observed in GBM neoplastic cells.ResultsOur analysis suggests that ivermectin and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) could be repurposed as effective treatments for GBM. Ivermectin, typically used as an antiparasitic, demonstrated strong anti-tumor activity by downregulating 40 of the top 100 upregulated genes in GBM, indicating its potential to suppress tumor growth. ATRA, known for promoting cell differentiation, upregulated 60 genes typically downregulated in GBM neoplastic cells, showing its potential to correct transcriptional dysregulation and support tumor suppression. These findings underscore the promise of drug repurposing to target key pathways in GBM, offering new therapeutic options for this aggressive cancer.ConclusionsOur results provide compelling evidence that ivermectin and ATRA may be effective in treating GBM. The observed alterations in gene expression indicate the ability of these two agents to disrupt key genes and pathways crucial for tumor progression. Given the increasing interest in drug repurposing for cancer treatment, comprehensive preclinical and clinical investigations are warranted to assess fully the therapeutic efficacy of these compounds against this disease.
The genotype-phenotype correlation of NR5A1 variants in 46,XY individuals: a study protocol
Authors: Dallago Renata Thomazini , Batista Rafael Loch , de Mendonça Berenice Bilharinho , Nogueira Vania dos Santos Nunes 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionDisorders of sex development (DSDs) were defined as congenital conditions in which the development of chromosomal, gonadal and anatomic sex is atypical. Nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 (NR5A1), previously known as steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) plays a crucial role in transcriptional regulation of genes involved in steroidogenesis, adrenal and gonadal development, and reproduction.NR5A1emerged to be causative of 10 to 20% of 46,XY DSD.ObjectiveThe present study aims to perform a systematic review evaluating the association between phenotype and genotype in patients withNR5A1defects and 46,XY DSD looking for outcomes of spontaneous puberty, change of gender and social sex.MethodThe proposed systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic reviews of etiology and risk. This review will consider observational studies, including prospective and retrospective cohort studies, cross sectional, case series and case reports studies. We will focus on studies that included patients with allelic variants in theNR5A1gene and 46,XY DSD. This review will consider studies that include the outcomes of spontaneous puberty, gender change and genotype/phenotype correlation associating the types of variants with the degree of external genitalia virilization.ConclusionResults of this review can help in the management and clinical understanding of patients withNR5A1defects and 46,XY DSD.
Efficacy of intravenous paracetamol and mannitol in managing chronic post-thoracotomy pain in patients with lung cancer: Study protocol for a single center prospective randomized double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Lu Xing , Zhou Junhui , Li Xi , Gao Jie , Liu Siqing , Zhong Wei , Xi Gaoyuan , Guo Yingchun , Xu Hongdang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChronic post-thoracotomy pain is a common complication that affects 20% to 60% of patients who undergo surgery for lung cancer. The persistent pain affects quality of life and satisfaction with surgery. Intravenous paracetamol and mannitol, known to have analgesic and antipyretic properties, may help relieve moderate-to-severe post-operative pain. This trial aims to assess their effectiveness and safety in managing chronic post-thoracotomy pain in patients with lung cancer. This prospective double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial will be conducted at a single center. A total of 856 patients who will undergo thoracoscopic radical surgery for lung cancer will be enrolled and randomly assigned to test (intravenous paracetamol and mannitol) and control (intravenous normal saline) groups in a 1:1 ratio (428 patients in each group). Efficacy will be evaluated in terms of the incidence of chronic post-thoracotomy pain at 3 months (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes will include the dosage of propofol and remifentanil, numerical rating scale pain scores, number of times the patient-controlled intravenous analgesia button is pressed, occurrence of post-operative nausea and vomiting and respiratory depression, time to first flatus and ambulation after surgery, length of hospital stay, surgeon and patient satisfaction, and incidence of chronic post-thoracotomy pain at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Quality of daily life will be evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Intention-to-treat analysis will also be conducted. The research protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Medical Thesis Committee of Henan Provincial Chest Hospital and Chest Hospital of Zhengzhou University on April 29, 2023 (reference: [2023] approval number: [04-06]). The results of this trial will be communicated to the participants and subsequently submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals for wider dissemination. The study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on June 27, 2023 (registration number: ChiCTR2300072869, available athttps://www.chictr.org.cn/).The protocol version number is Version 1.1, dated August 20, 2023.
Can Psychedelic Use Benefit Meditation Practice? Examining Individual, Psychedelic, and Meditation-Related Factors
Authors: Jiwani Zishan , Goldberg Simon B. , Stroud Jack , Young Jacob , Curtin John , Dunne John D. , Simonsson Otto , Webb Christian A. , Carhart-Harris Robin , Schlosser Marco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionMeditation practice and psychedelic use have attracted increasing attention in the public sphere and scientific research. Both methods induce non-ordinary states of consciousness that may have significant therapeutic benefits. Thus, there is growing scientific interest in potential synergies between psychedelic use and meditation practice with some research suggesting that psychedelics may benefit meditation practice. The present study examined individual, psychedelic-related, and meditation-related factors to determine under what conditions meditators perceive psychedelic use as beneficial for their meditation practice.MethodParticipants (N= 863) who had reported psychedelic use and a regular meditation practice (at least 3 times per week during the last 12 months) were included in the study. To accommodate a large number of variables, machine learning (i.e., elastic net, random forest) was used to analyze the data.ResultsMost participants (n= 634, 73.5%) found psychedelic use to have a positive influence on their quality of meditation. Twenty-eight variables showed significant zero-order associations with perceived benefits even following a correction. Elastic net had the best performance (R2= .266) and was used to identify the most important features. Across 53 variables, the model found that greater use of psychedelics, intention setting during psychedelic use, agreeableness, and exposure to N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (N,N-DMT) were most likely to be associated with the perception that psychedelics benefit meditation practice. The results were consistent across several different approaches used to identify the most important variables (i.e., Shapley values, feature ablation).DiscussionResults suggest that most meditators found psychedelic use to have a positive influence on their meditation practice, with: 1) regularity of psychedelic use, 2) the setting of intentions for psychedelic use, 3) having an agreeable personality, and 4) reported use of N,N-DMT being the most likely predictors of perceiving psychedelic use as beneficial. Longitudinal designs and randomized trials manipulating psychedelic use are needed to establish causality.
Influence of Prior Probability Information on Large Language Model Performance in Radiological Diagnosis
Authors: Fukushima Takahiro , Kurokawa Ryo , Hagiwara Akifumi , Sonoda Yuki , Asari Yusuke , Kurokawa Mariko , Kanzawa Jun , Gonoi Wataru , Abe Osamu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundLarge language models (LLMs) show promise in radiological diagnosis, but their performance may be affected by the context of the cases presented.PurposeTo investigate how providing information about prior probabilities influences the diagnostic performance of an LLM in radiological quiz cases.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed 322 consecutive cases from Radiology’s “Diagnosis Please” quiz using Claude 3.5 Sonnet under three conditions: without context (Condition 1), informed as quiz cases (Condition 2), and presented as primary care cases (Condition 3). Diagnostic accuracy was compared using McNemar’s test.ResultsThe overall accuracy rate significantly improved in Condition 2 compared to Condition 1 (70.2% vs. 64.9%, p=0.029). Conversely, the accuracy rate significantly decreased in Condition 3 compared to Condition 1 (59.9% vs. 70.2%, p<0.001).ConclusionProviding context about prior probabilities significantly affects the diagnostic performance of the LLM in radiological cases. This suggests that LLMs may incorporate Bayesian-like principles in their diagnostic approach, highlighting the potential for optimizing LLM’s performance in clinical settings by providing relevant contextual information.Key ResultsLLM’s overall accuracy improved from 64.9% to 70.2% when informed about quiz case nature (p=0.029).LLM’s overall accuracy decreased to 59.9% when presented with incorrect primary care context (p<0.001).Results suggest LLMs may utilize Bayesian-like principles in diagnostic reasoning, similar to human radiologists.Summary StatementProviding context about prior probabilities significantly influences LLM’s diagnostic performance in radiological cases, suggesting potential for optimizing LLM use in clinical practice through contextual information.
From Compton scattering of photons on targets to inverse Compton scattering of electron and photon beams
Authors: Serafini Luca , Petrillo Vittoria 
Published: August 2024

We revisit the kinematics of Compton scattering (electron-photon interactions producing electrons and photons in the exit channel) covering the full range of energy/momenta distribution between the two colliding particles, with a dedicated view to statistical properties of secondary beams that are generated in beam-beam collisions. Starting from the Thomson inverse scattering, where electrons do not recoil and photons are backscattered to higher energies by a Lorentz boost effect (factor 4γ2), we analyze three transition points, separating four regions. These are in sequence, given by increasing the electron recoil (numbers are for transition points and letters for regions): (a) Thomson backscattering, (1) equal sharing of total energy in the exit channel between electron and photon, (b) deep recoil regime where the bandwidth/energy spread of the two interacting beams are exchanged in the exit channel, (2) electron is stopped, i.e., taken down at rest in the laboratory system by colliding with an incident photon of mc2/2 energy, (c) electron backscattering region, where incident electron is backscattered by the incident photon, and (3) symmetric scattering, when the incident particles carry equal and opposite momenta, so that in the exit channel they are backscattered with same energy/momenta, and (d) Compton scattering [ Arthur Compton, see A. J. Compton, A quantum theory of the scattering of X-rays by light elements, , 83 (1923)], where photons carry an energy much larger than the colliding electron energy. For each region and/or transition point, we discuss the potential effects of interest in diverse areas, like generating monochromatic gamma-ray beams in deep recoil regions with spectral purification, or possible mechanisms of generation and propagation of very high energy photons in the cosmological domain.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
What is the role of cross-ownership in corporate digital innovation: “stepping stone” or “hindrance”?
Authors: Zhou Maochun , Niu Yuhua 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of cross-ownership on corporate digital innovation and their specific mechanisms. Cross-ownership, who hold equity in two or more companies simultaneously, have two different types of governance effects in the capital market: governance synergistic effects and competitive collusion effects.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a panel model, selecting A-share company data from 2011 to 2021 in China. In total, 23,853 valid data were obtained, which came from the CSMAR database and Wind database. For some missing data, they were manually supplemented by consulting the company's annual report and Sina Finance. Data processing was conducted using EXCEL and Stata16.0 software.FindingsThe results show that cross-ownership promote corporate digital innovation by leveraging governance synergies. Further grouping tests show that the synergistic effects of cross-ownership are significant in non-state-owned, high-tech, weakly competitive and higher analyst attention enterprises. Mechanism testing shows that cross-ownership can empower corporate digital innovation in three ways: reducing information asymmetry, alleviating financing constraints and improving corporate governance.Originality/valueThe conclusion of this paper provides new empirical evidence for a comprehensive understanding of the role of cross-ownership in corporate development, enriches the economic consequences research of chain institutional investors in China and broadens the research perspective of corporate digital innovation. It also provides important references for the digital transformation of enterprises and the healthy development of the capital market.