bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creatine Kinase as Predictor of Blood Pressure and Hypertension. Is It All About Body Mass Index? A Follow‐Up Study of 250 Patients
Authors: Johnsen Stein H. , Lilleng Hallvard , Bekkelund Svein I. 
Published: October 2014

The correlation between creatine kinase (CK) and blood pressure (BP) was examined prospectively in 120 patients with persistent high CK and 130 individuals with normal CK. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg or current use of antihypertensive medication. Baseline CK was weakly correlated with SBP (r=0.11, P=.07) and DBP (r=0.16, P=.01) at follow‐up. Persons with persistent high CK had higher SBP (140.8 mm Hg vs 138.2 mm Hg) and DBP (83.2 mm Hg vs 81.0 mm Hg, P=.06) values and were more likely to have hypertension (66.7% vs 55.5%, P=.05) than individuals with normal CK. In age‐ and sex‐adjusted analysis, a 1‐unit change in logCK was associated with a 4.9‐mm Hg higher SBP, a 3.3‐mm Hg higher DBP, and a 2.2‐higher odds for having hypertension at follow‐up (P=.1, .07, and .06, respectively). When including body mass index (BMI) to the model, BMI was a strong and independent predictor for SBP, DBP, and hypertension at follow‐up and the CK effect on blood pressure was substantially attenuated. This study showed that the CK effect on blood pressure is clearly modified by BMI.
A Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and Dimensional Analysis for Predicting Energy Consumption and Mean Residence Time in a Twin‐Screw Extruder
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Jones David D. , Meyer George E. , Hanna Milford A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractModeling the extrusion process is complex because of the many confounding variables and the dynamic properties of the materials subjected to heat, shear and pressure. Efforts have been made to predict various system and product properties using a flow‐modeling phenomenological approach. However, because of the many assumptions and the complexities involved, these models become often impractical for application. In this study, dimensional analysis was used to determine significant dimensionless parameters for the inputs and outputs of a model constrained only by the available experimental data. Thereafter, a rule‐basedFISwas used, instead of a conventional exponential model, for the prediction of output dimensionless parameters. Optimization or selection of subtractive cluster radii forFISwas achieved using a genetic algorithm. Data were obtained from 4 × 3 × 3 × 2 experimental design (16, 20, 24 and 28% moisture contents; 80, 120 and 160 rpm screw speeds; 3, 4 and 5 mm nozzle diameters and 120 and 140Cbarrel temperatures) and 3 × 2 (80, 120 and 160 rpm screw speeds; 120 and 140Cbarrel temperatures for a 4 mm nozzle diameter and 26% moisture content). These factorial design experiments were conducted using a laboratory twin‐screw extruder. After training, theFIScaptured the process trend based on the experimental data. Correlation coefficient (r2) values were found higher than those obtained from a linear regression model.Practical ApplicationsExtrusion process is widely used to produce human foods, dog foods and polymers. Prediction of extrusion performance and scale‐up of the process are very challenging because of complex and dynamic characteristics of biological materials when shear and heat are applied simultaneously. This study presents a novel modeling method to predict dimensionless parameters involvingMRTand torque experienced by the extruder. The model was validated with data collected from extrusion of corn starch. This model can be used by producers to predict change in energy consumption andMRTand facilitate scale‐up when feed moisture content, die diameter, screw speed and barrel temperature are changed. The modeling methodology can be further expanded to predict other extrusion performance parameters and for other materials by training and validating the model with new data set.
Registered nurses' experiences of their decision‐making at an Emergency Medical Dispatch Centre
Authors: Ek Bosse , Svedlund Marianne 
Published: October 2014

Aims and objectivesTo describe registered nurses′ experiences at an Emergency Medical Dispatch Centre.BackgroundIt is important that ambulances are urgently directed to patients who are in need of immediate help and of quick transportation to a hospital. Because resources are limited, Emergency Medical Dispatch centres cannot send ambulances with high priority to all callers. The efficiency of the system is therefore dependent on triage. Nurses worldwide are involved in patient triage, both before the patient′s arrival to the hospital and in the subsequent emergency care. Ambulance dispatching is traditionally a duty for operators at Emergency Medical Dispatch centres, and in Sweden this duty has become increasingly performed by registered nurses.DesignA qualitative design was used for this study.MethodsFifteen registered nurses with experience at Emergency Medical Dispatch centres were interviewed. The participants were asked to describe the content of their work and their experiences. They also described the most challenging and difficult situations according to the critical incidence technique. Content analysis was used.ResultsTwo themes emerged during the analysis: ‘Having a profession with opportunities and obstacles’ and ‘Meeting serious and difficult situations’, with eight sub‐themes. The results showed that the decisions to dispatch ambulances were both challenging and difficult. Difficulties included conveying medical advice without seeing the patient, teaching cardio‐pulmonary resuscitation via telephone and dealing with intoxicated and aggressive callers. Conflicts with colleagues and ambulance crews as well as fear of making wrong decisions were also mentioned.ConclusionsWork at Emergency Medical Dispatch centres is a demanding but stimulating duty for registered nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceGreat benefits can be achieved using experienced triage nurses, including increased patient safety and better use of medical resources. Improved internal support systems at Emergency Medical Dispatch centres and striving for a blame‐free culture are important factors to attract and retain employees.
The moderating effects of personality on the relationship between change in work stressors and change in counterproductive work behaviours
Authors: Eschleman Kevin J. , Bowling Nathan A. , LaHuis David 
Published: October 2014

We examined the relationship between change in work stressors and change in counterproductive work behaviours (CWBs) over 6 months using three waves of data. Increases in work stressors (i.e., interpersonal conflict and organizational constraints) were positively associated with both increases in CWBs (trend effects) and subsequent levels of CWBs (delayed‐reaction effects). Personality characteristics (i.e., agreeableness and conscientiousness) were examined as moderators of the trend effects and delayed‐reaction effects. As expected, the trend effect was stronger for low‐agreeableness (or low‐conscientiousness) workers than for high‐agreeableness (or high‐conscientiousness) workers. Contrary to expectations, however, the delayed‐reaction effect was not consistently moderated by personality. We recommend that organizations recognize the potential for delayed consequences when estimating the effects of changes to the work environment. Organizations may also consider using individually tailored training methods (based on the worker's unique personality) to instruct workers about effective coping strategies.Practitioner points

Unfortunately for organizations, the nature of the work stressor–CWB relationship is likely more complex than could be previously understood utilizing cross‐sectional data. Organizations should be aware that CWBs could increase concurrently with an increase in work stressors (trend effect) and subsequently after an extended increase in work stressors has occurred (delayed‐reaction effect).

The potential presence of both immediate and delayed CWB responses to change in work stressors may indicate that the damage caused by work stressors is often underestimated. Organizations need to be more aware of the potential delayed costs of changes in work stressors for financial forecasting, programme development, and policy change.

Organizations should be particularly concerned about an increase in work stressors immediately resulting in CWBs among low‐conscientiousness or low‐agreeableness workers. Efforts to educate workers about effective coping strategies could be tailored based on the employee's personality. Managers, however, should be aware that low‐conscientiousness or low‐agreeableness workers may be particularly vulnerable to delayed effects of increasing work stressors.
PRDM1 expression on the epithelial component but not on ectopic lymphoid tissues of Warthin tumour
Authors: Wang Y , Zhou J , Zhang Y , Wang L , Liu Y , Fan L , Zhu J , Xu X , Huang G , Li X , Xun W 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the role of PRDM1, a key molecule for modulating the immune cells, in Warthin tumour (WT) pathogenesis.Subjects and methodsForty paraffin‐embedded parotid tissues of patients (mean age: 62.08 ± 11.90) with WT were retrieved from the pathology archives of Qindu Hospital from January 2012 to December 2012. The PRDM1 expression was investigated in a cohort of WT by immunohistochemistry.ResultsPRDM1 was expressed only on the epithelial component but not on ectopic lymphoid tissue of the tumour. Statistically, PRDM1 expression rates between WT glandular epithelial cells (40/40 cases) and the tumour‐adjacent tissues (0/9 cases), and WT germinal centres (0/34 cases) and tonsil tissues (10/10 cases) were significantly different (P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsThe PRDM1 expression appeared to play an essential role in WT pathogenesis. A better understanding of it might give options for revealing possible novel management strategies.
Pain in children – are we accomplishing the optimal pain treatment?
Authors: Lundeberg Stefan 
Published: October 2014

SummaryMorphine, paracetamol and local anesthetics have for a long time been the foremost used analgesics in the pediatric patient by tradition but not always enough effective and associated with side effects. The purpose with this article is to propose alternative approaches in pain management, not always supported up by substantial scientific work but from a combination of science and clinical experience in the field. The scientific literature has been reviewed in parts regarding different aspects of pain assessment and analgesics used for treatment of diverse pain conditions with focus on procedural and acute pain. Clinical experience has been added to form the suggested improvements in accomplishing an improved pain management in pediatric patients. The aim with pain management in children should be a tailored analgesic medication with an individual acceptable pain level and optimal degree of mobilization with as little side effects as possible. Simple techniques of pain control are as effective as and complex techniques in pediatrics but the technique used is not of the highest importance in achieving a good pain management. Increased interest and improved education of the doctors prescribing analgesics is important in accomplishing a better pain management. The optimal treatment with analgesics is depending on the analysis of pain origin and analgesics used should be adjusted thereafter. A multimodal treatment regime is advocated for optimal analgesic effect.
Health Literacy and Obesity Among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders in the United States
Authors: Lassetter Jane H. , Clark Lauren , Morgan Sharla E. , Brown Lora Beth , VanServellen Gwen , Duncan Katrina , Hopkins Elizabeth S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesOur purpose was to describe relationships between demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), and health literacy among Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (NHPIs).Design and SampleIn this cross‐sectional survey, we interviewed 364 NHPI adults.MeasuresWe used Newest Vital Sign (NVS), a health literacy tool; measured heights and weights; and demographic questions.ResultsAccording to participants' NVS scores, 45.3% had at least a possibility of low health literacy. Lower NVS scores were associated with increased BMI (r = −0.12, p = .027) and increased age (r = −0.26, p < .001). Higher NVS scores were associated with higher incomes (r = 0.21, p = .001) and higher education (r = 0.27, p < .001). Women scored significantly better than men (t = −2.0, p = .05). Participants' NVS scores in Hawaii versus Utah were not significantly different (t = .26, p = .80).ConclusionsPathways to health literacy are complex; however, age, income, education, and BMI explained a modest 19.95% of the combined variance in NVS scores. Public health nurses working to improve health literacy could include review of critical information on nutrition facts labels, frequently used calculations, and application of this information when making food choices.
Statistical Estimation for a Class of Self‐Regulating Processes
Authors: Echelard Antoine , Véhel Jacques Lévy , Philippe Anne 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTSelf‐regulating processes are stochastic processes whose local regularity, as measured by the pointwise Hölder exponent, is a function of amplitude. They seem to provide relevant models for various signals arising for example in geophysics or biomedicine. We propose in this work an estimator of the self‐regulating function (that is, the function relating amplitude and Hölder regularity) of the self‐regulating midpoint displacement process and study some of its properties. We prove that it is almost surely convergent and obtain a central limit theorem. Numerical simulations show that the estimator behaves well in practice.
Identification of the novel HLA‐A*11:192 allele by HLA typing of a Caucasian individual
Authors: Todorova K. , Zuber K. , Neuwirt P. , Arnold R. , Schönemann C. , Schulze H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report the new HLA‐A*11:192 allele differing from A*11:01 by one nucleotide in exon 2.
A protein with an inactive pterin‐4a‐carbinolamine dehydratase domain is required for Rubisco biogenesis in plants
Authors: Feiz Leila , Williams‐Carrier Rosalind , Belcher Susan , Montano Monica , Barkan Alice , Stern David B. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryRibulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) plays a critical role in sustaining life by catalysis of carbon fixation in the Calvin–Benson pathway. Incomplete knowledge of the assembly pathway of chloroplast Rubisco has hampered efforts to fully delineate the enzyme's properties, or seek improved catalytic characteristics via directed evolution. Here we report that a Mu transposon insertion in the Zea mays (maize) gene encoding a chloroplast dimerization co‐factor of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (DCoH)/pterin‐4α‐carbinolamine dehydratases (PCD)‐like protein is the causative mutation in a seedling‐lethal, Rubisco‐deficient mutant named Rubisco accumulation factor 2 (raf2‐1). In raf2 mutants newly synthesized Rubisco large subunit accumulates in a high‐molecular weight complex, the formation of which requires a specific chaperonin 60‐kDa isoform. Analogous observations had been made previously with maize mutants lacking the Rubisco biogenesis proteins RAF1 and BSD2. Chemical cross‐linking of maize leaves followed by immunoprecipitation with antibodies to RAF2, RAF1 or BSD2 demonstrated co‐immunoprecipitation of each with Rubisco small subunit, and to a lesser extent, co‐immunoprecipitation with Rubisco large subunit. We propose that RAF2, RAF1 and BSD2 form transient complexes with the Rubisco small subunit, which in turn assembles with the large subunit as it is released from chaperonins.
Analysis of microRNA‐203 function in CREB/MITF/RAB27a pathway: comparison between canine and human melanoma cells
Authors: Noguchi S. , Kumazaki M. , Mori T. , Baba K. , Okuda M. , Mizuno T. , Akao Y. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMicroRNA (miR)‐203 is downregulated and acts as an anti‐oncomir in melanoma cells. Here, using human and canine melanoma cells, we elucidated the effects of miR‐203 on cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB)/microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF)/RAB27a pathway, which is known to be important for the development and progression of human melanoma. In this study, we showed that miR‐203 directly targeted CREB1 and regulated its downstream targets, MITF and RAB27a. miR‐203 significantly suppressed the growth of human and canine melanoma cells and inhibited melanosome transport through the suppression of the signalling pathway. In conclusion, miR‐203 was shown to be a common tumour‐suppressive miRNA in human and canine melanoma and thus to play a crucial role in the biological mechanisms of melanoma development.
Reporting and interpreting red blood cell morphology: is there discordance between clinical pathologists and clinicians?
Authors: Newman Ashleigh W. , Rishniw Mark , Behling‐Kelly Erica 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundClinical pathologists (CPs) report RBC morphologic (RBC‐M) changes to assist clinicians in prioritizing differential diagnoses. However, reporting is subjective, semiquantitative, and potentially biased. Reporting decisions vary among CPs, and reports may not be interpreted by clinicians as intended.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to survey clinicians and CPs about RBC‐M terms and their clinical value, and identify areas of agreement and discordance.MethodsOnline surveys were distributed to small animal clinicians via the Veterinary Information Network and to CPs via the ASVCP listserv. A quiz assessed understanding of RBC‐M terms among respondent groups. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze responses to survey questions, and quiz scores were compared among groups.ResultsAnalyzable responses were obtained from 1662 clinicians and 82 CPs. Both clinicians and CPs considered some terms, eg, agglutination, useful, whereas only CPs considered other terms, eg, ghost cells, useful. All groups interpreted certain terms, eg, Heinz bodies, correctly, whereas some clinicians misinterpreted others, eg, eccentrocytes. Responses revealed that CPs often do not report RBC‐M they consider insignificant, when present in low numbers. Twenty‐eight percent of clinicians think CPs review all blood smears while only 19% of CPs report reviewing all smears.ConclusionsImportant differences about the clinical relevance of certain RBC‐M terms exist between clinicians and CPs. Inclusion of interpretive comments on CBC reports is the clearest way to ensure that RBC‐M changes are interpreted as intended by the CP. Reporting practices should be examined critically to improve communication, transparency, and ultimately medical decisions.
Effects of short‐term oral administration of trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole on tear production in clinically normal Syrian hamsters
Authors: Rajaei Seyed Mehdi , Ansari mood Maneli , Selk ghaffari Masoud , Razaghi manesh Seyed Morteza 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine effects of 14 days of oral administration of trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole on aqueous tear production in clinically normal Syrian hamsters.Animal studiedFifteen healthy adult Syrian hamsters.ProcedureBaseline phenol red thread test (PRTT) values were recorded 1 day prior to treatment. Eight hamsters in treated group received 15 mg/kg trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole orally twice a day for 14 days. The remaining seven hamsters were used as untreated controls and received a placebo. All ophthalmic tests were performed without chemical restraint. PRTT values were evaluated in both eyes of all Syrian hamsters using a commercial PRTT strip of a single lot number.ResultsThe mean ± SD baseline PRTT values for treatment group and control group were 7.25 ± 1.3 mm/15 s and 5.42 ± 1.13 mm/15 s, respectively. After 14 days of drug administration, the mean ± SD PRTT values for treatment group and control group were 5.62 ± 1.5 and 5.64 ± 0.74, respectively. Significant decreases in the PRTT values, compared with baseline values, were observed in the treatment group on day 15 (P = 0.042).ConclusionsTrimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole decreased tear production in the hamster in this study.
Selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests, bony orbit anatomy, and ocular histology in sambar deer (Rusa unicolor)
Authors: Oriá Arianne P. , Gomes Junior Deusdete C. , Oliveira Alberto Vinícius D. , Curvelo Victor P. , Estrela‐Lima Alessandra , Pinna Melissa H. , Meneses Íris D. S. , Filho Emanoel F. M. , Ofri Ron 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to establish reference values for diagnostic ophthalmic tests in sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) as well as to describe the most relevant features of the bony orbital anatomy and ocular histology.MethodTwenty healthy animals, free living in a forest reserve, that were captured for clinical evaluation as part of a health survey were evaluated. Schirmer tear test‐1 (STT1), conjunctival microbiota, intraocular pressure (IOP), conjunctival cytology, anatomy of the bony orbit, and ocular histology were studied.ResultsMean ± SD STT1 andIOPvalues were 18.8 ± 4.7 mm and 11.4 ± 2.8 mmHg, respectively.IOPwas significantly higher in adult (4–8 years) animals (P = 0.04). Bacterial growth was present in 100% of the samples, with a prevalence for Staphylococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. The conjunctival cytology revealed predominance of columnar epithelial cells with mild pigmentation. The sambar deer orbit is completely encompassed by bone. The ocular histology was very similar to most mammalians.ConclusionsThe findings in this study will be useful in the diagnosis of ocular diseases inRusa unicolor.
Hydrodynamic Performance Produced by Nanotexturing in Submicrometer Clearance With Surface Roughness
Authors: Hirayama Tomoko , Shiotani Heinosuke , Yamada Kazuki , Yamashita Naoki , Matsuoka Takashi , Sawada Hiroshi , Kawahara Kosuke 
Published: October 2014

Surface texturing is a promising way to expand the hydrodynamic lubrication regime and thereby modify the tribological properties of sliding surfaces. Spiral-groove textures in particular have attracted much attention over the past several decades because they produce a thicker lubrication film in the gap. However, no research has been reported on the effect of periodic texturing with a several 100 nm depth on hydrodynamic performance in submicrometer clearance with surface roughness. The purpose of the study reported here was to investigate the effect of such nanotexturing on hydrodynamic performance. This was done by conducting ring-on-disk friction tests, focusing on the existence of surface roughness in the narrow clearance. The samples were rings with various degrees of surface roughness and disks with spiral-groove textures produced by femtosecond laser processing. The friction coefficients experimentally obtained were plotted as a Stribeck curve and compared with a theoretical one calculated using a Reynolds equation formulated from two physical models, the Patir–Cheng average flow model and a sinusoidal wave model. The results showed that surface roughness did not affect the friction coefficient in the hydrodynamic lubrication regime. However, the hydrodynamic lubrication regime gradually shrank with an increase in surface roughness, and mild transitions to the mixed lubrication regime were observed at higher rotational speeds. The minimum clearances reached at the transition speed were almost the same, about 200–300 nm, for all experiments regardless of surface roughness.