bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The false thyroid capsule: new findings
Authors: Tan Y-H , Du G-N , Xiao Y-G , Guo S-Q , Wu T , Chen P-Z , Yan G-B , Tan D-X , Wang K 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPurpose:The false thyroid capsule is an important anatomical structure involved in thyroidectomy, yet it is rarely studied. This study aimed to define the anatomy of the false thyroid capsule, and its clinical significance.Methods:A prospective study was performed involving 151 patients with goitre who underwent thyroid lobectomy. The anatomy of the false thyroid capsule was carefully documented intra-operatively.Results:The false thyroid capsule enclosed the inferior and middle thyroid veins and the superior thyroid vessels, forming a mesentery-like structure by attaching to the gland. Once the unilateral lobe had been removed, the thyroid mesentery could be seen to have a C-shaped edge. The recurrent laryngeal nerve, inferior thyroid artery and parathyroid glands were located beneath the C-shaped edge of the thyroid mesentery.Conclusion:The thyroid mesentery is a distinctive structure that can be used as a guide for surgical dissection.
Food security and social protection in highland Ethiopia: linking the Productive Safety Net to the land question
Authors: Lavers Tom 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWhile much recent research has focused on the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP), this is by no means the only social protection policy in rural Ethiopia. Drawing on a very different rationale to the PSNP, the Ethiopian government also justifies state land ownership as a form of social protection for smallholders. This paper examines the links between these policies through a case study of an extremely food-insecure site. The paper concludes that while the PSNP and land policy together provide minimal security for landholders, land shortages and the problematic nature of agricultural production are such that there is little chance that the PSNP and its complementary programmes can achieve food security. As a result, the PSNP is used to support failing agricultural policies, limiting urban migration in the interests of political stability. These findings highlight the importance of situating safety net programmes within the socioeconomic context which generates insecurity.
Second time around: Ex-combatants at the polls in Liberia
Authors: Söderström Johanna 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA precondition for sustainable peace and democracy is the acceptance of new ways of solving political problems without resorting to arms. Post-war elections are an important point for testing the legitimacy of the new regime, highlighting the depth of micro-level support for democracy. In the case of Liberia, the most notable problem of the elections of 2005 related to the issue of legitimacy. The ex-combatants did not trust the results and felt abandoned after the elections. Such experiences stand in the way of further deepening democracy in Liberia and may offer the grounds for mobilising anew. Yet, it is only by repeated experiences with elections that a process of democratisation takes place. This article addresses how the second experience with elections has changed ex-combatants' relation with democracy and experience of legitimacy, through re-interviewing a number of ex-combatants concerning their electoral experience from 2005 and 2011.
Some aspects of reproductive biology of Gobius paganellus (Gobiidae) on the north-eastern coasts of Tunisia (Bizerta lagoon)
Authors: Louiz Ibtissem , Ben Attia Mossadok , Ben Hassine Oum Kalthoum 
Published: August 2013

The rock goby, Gobius paganellus one of the most common gobiid fish in Bizerta lagoon (north-east of Tunisia), is a gonochoric species that belongs to the Gobiidae family. This study provides the first detailed information of its reproductive biology in lagoon environments. Gobius paganellus was sampled monthly from January 2005 to December 2006 involving 1486 specimens. Total length distribution ranged between 38 and 125 mm. The maximum recorded total lengths were, respectively, 122 mm and 125 mm for female and male. Over the entire population, the sex-ratio was unbalanced in favour of females. According to months, a predominance of females sex-ratio was recorded during the spawning period while according to body size, males were dominating among larger size-classes. In both sexes, the variation of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was independent of size. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the gonads added to the monthly monitoring of gonadosomatic index and hepatosomatic index showed that gonads development begins in October and spawning period extends from December to March. The cyclic pattern of gonads development was determined by histology. Results indicated that G. paganellus exhibits a group-synchronous oocyte development. The sizes of first sexual maturity related to 50% of mature individuals were 78.3 mm (CI95: 77–84 mm) for males and 79 mm (CI95: 75–85 mms) for females. The discussion part underlined the impacts of some environmental factors and antropization of this lagoon on sexual cycle of G. paganellus.
Validating Chronic Disease Ascertainment Algorithms for Use in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging*
Authors: Oremus Mark , Postuma Ronald , Griffith Lauren , Balion Cynthia , Wolfson Christina , Kirkland Susan , Patterson Christopher , Shannon Harry S. ,   CLSA Algorithms Validation Group, Raina Parminder 
Published: August 2013

RÉSUMÉNous avons validé sept algorithmes d’évaluation de maladie chronique pour l’usage dans L’Étude longitudinale canadienne (ÉLCV) sur le vieillissement. Les algorithmes ont concerné le diabète type 2, parkinsonisme, obstruction chronique de flux d’air, ostéoarthrite de main, ostéoarthrite de hanche, ostéoarthrite de genou, et la maladie cardiaque ischémique. Notre recrutement de cible était 20 cas et contrôles par chaque maladie. Quelques cas ont été utilisés comme contrôles avec certaines maladies. Tous les participants ont répondu à des questionnaires au sujet des symptômes de la maladie et d’utilisation de médicaments. Les cas et les contrôles de diabète ont subi le test de jeûne de glucose et les cas et les contrôles de l’obstruction chronique de flux d’air ont subi le test de spirométrie. Pour chaque maladie, nous avons utilisé l’algorithme adapté pour classifier si les participants étaient positifs ou négatif pour la maladie. Nous avons également calculé la sensibilité et la spécificité utilisant le diagnostic de médecin comme norme. L’échantillon final a fait participer 176 participants, qui ont été recrutés dans trois villes canadiennes entre 2009 et 2011. La plupart des sensibilités et spécificités étaient 80% ou plus, indiquant que les sept algorithmes peuvent correctement identifier des personnes avec les maladies.
Simulations to compare efficacies of tetravalent dengue vaccines and mosquito vector control
Authors: THAVARA U. , TAWATSIN A. , NAGAO Y. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYInfection with dengue, the most prevalent mosquito-borne virus, manifests as dengue fever (DF) or the more fatal dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF occurs mainly when an individual who has acquired antibodies to one serotype is inoculated with another serotype. It was reported that mosquito control may have increased the incidence of DF and DHF due to age-dependency in manifesting these illnesses or an immunological mechanism. Tetravalent dengue vaccine is currently being tested in clinical trials. However, seroconversions to all four serotypes were achieved only after three doses. Therefore, vaccines may predispose vaccinees to the risk of developing DHF in future infections. This study employed an individual-based computer simulation, to emulate mosquito control and vaccination, incorporating seroconversion rates reported from actual clinical trials. It was found that mosquito control alone would have increased incidence of DF and DHF in areas of high mosquito density. A vaccination programme with very high coverage, even with a vaccine of suboptimal seroconversion rates, attenuated possible surges in the incidence of DF and DHF which would have been caused by insufficient reduction in mosquito abundance. DHF cases attributable to vaccine-derived enhancement were fewer than DHF cases prevented by a vaccine with considerably high (although not perfect) seroconversion rates. These predictions may justify vaccination programmes, at least in areas of high mosquito abundance. In such areas, mosquito control programmes should be conducted only after the vaccination programme with a high coverage has been initiated.
Socio-stylistic reflexes of syntactic change in Old French
Authors: DONALDSON BRYAN 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses aspects of the loss of verb-second (V2) in Old French in a historical sociolinguistic perspective. Data come from sequences in which a main declarative is preceded immediately by a tensed subordinate clause (Vance, Donaldson, and Steiner, 2010). Following Romaine (1982), represented speech and narrative are considered to represent distinct registers within a single text. An analysis of intra-textual variation between narrative and represented speech reveals stylistic variation, in that represented speech evinces higher rates of surface subject-verb-(object) orders in main clauses than narrative passages within the same text. The data also reveal gender variation, as the represented speech of women tends to be more linguistically conservative than that of men.
Repeated triggering of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis selects against a protein that affects the timing of cell division
Authors: Siebring Jeroen , Elema Matthijs J H , Drubi Vega Fátima , Kovács Ákos T , Haccou Patsy , Kuipers Oscar P 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Bacillus subtilis sporulation is a last-resort phenotypical adaptation in response to starvation. The regulatory network underlying this developmental pathway has been studied extensively. However, how sporulation initiation is concerted in relation to the environmental nutrient availability is poorly understood. In a fed-batch fermentation set-up, in which sporulation of ultraviolet (UV)-mutagenized B. subtilis is repeatedly triggered by periods of starvation, fitter strains with mutated tagE evolved. These mutants display altered timing of phenotypical differentiation. The substrate for the wall teichoic acid (WTA)-modifying enzyme TagE, UDP-glucose, has recently been shown to be an intracellular proxy for nutrient availability, and influences the timing of cell division. Here we suggest that UDP-glucose also influences timing of cellular differentiation.
Auditory and Cognitive Effects of Aging on Perception of Environmental Sounds in Natural Auditory Scenes
Authors: Gygi Brian , Shafiro Valeriy 
Published: August 2013

Purpose
Previously, Gygi and Shafiro (2011) found that when environmental sounds are semantically incongruent with the background scene (e.g., horse galloping in a restaurant), they can be identified more accurately by young normal-hearing listeners (YNH) than sounds congruent with the scene (e.g., horse galloping at a racetrack). This study investigated how age and high-frequency audibility affect this Incongruency Advantage (IA) effect.

Method

In Experiments 1a and 1b, elderly listeners (
N
= 18 for 1a;
N
= 10 for 1b) with age-appropriate hearing (EAH) were tested on target sounds and auditory scenes in 5 sound-to-scene ratios (So/Sc) between −3 and −18 dB. Experiment 2 tested 11 YNH on the same sound–scene pairings lowpass-filtered at 4 kHz (YNH-4k).

Results
The EAH and YNH-4k groups exhibited an almost identical pattern of significant IA effects, but both were at approximately 3.9 dB higher So/Sc than the previously tested YNH listeners. However, the psychometric functions revealed a shallower slope for EAH listeners compared with YNH listeners for the congruent stimuli only, suggesting a greater difficulty for the EAH listeners in attending to sounds expected to occur in a scene.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that semantic relationships between environmental sounds in soundscapes are mediated by both audibility and cognitive factors and suggest a method for dissociating these factors.
Combined MCDM approaches for century‐old Taiwanese food firm new product development project selection
Authors: Chang Kuei‐Lun 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to integrate the analytic network process (ANP) and a technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) to help Taiwanese managers in century‐old food industry firms make better decisions for new product development (NPD) project selection.Design/methodology/approachThe balanced scorecard (BSC) which links financial and non‐financial, tangible and intangible, inward and outward factors can provide an integrated viewpoint for decision makers in selecting optimal NPD projects. Considering the interrelated perspectives and criteria of BSC, ANP is used to obtain the weights of the criteria. TOPSIS is used for simplifying ANP to rank the alternatives. After reviewing the literature on BSC, the study collected criteria for selecting optimal NPD projects. Likert nine‐point scale questionnaires based on the BSC criteria were received from 34 senior executives to obtain the importance of criteria.FindingsBased on the geometric mean values, the top 12 criteria are: Capabilities, Well‐being, Satisfaction, Lead‐time, Risk, Facility, Reputation, Loyalty, New customer, Market, Profitability and New market to structure the hierarchy for century‐old Taiwanese food business NPD project selection.Practical implicationsUsing the hierarchy based on four perspectives and 12 important criteria, century‐old Taiwanese food businesses may select the optimal NPD projects more effectively. Moreover, the practical application of the proposed approach illustrated is generic and also suitable for century‐old Taiwanese food businesses.Originality/valueIn 2008, Taiwan External Trade Development Council (TAITRA) established an association to help century‐old businesses to maintain growth and competitive advantage. To maintain continuous competitive advantage, developing new products is necessary. However, NPD is a risky process. The vital issue in NPD is how to select the optimal projects for new products. The majority of century‐old Taiwanese businesses are in the food industry. This paper contributes to a more effective selection of optimal NPD projects for century‐old Taiwanese food firms.
Physico‐chemical, biochemical and microbiological changes of Kumpia wieprzowa during ripening
Authors: Węsierska Ewelina , Szołtysik Marek , Palka Krystyna , Lipczyńska Agnieszka , Lipczyńska‐Szlaur Ewelina 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to estimate physico‐chemical, biochemical and microbiological changes during the three‐month ripening of the Polish traditional raw smoked fermented meat product Kumpia wieprzowa, produced from pork shoulder without fore‐shank.Design/methodology/approachAfter one, two and three months, the pH, aw, chemical composition, the content of nitrogen – total and soluble – as well as the profile of aromatic compounds and microflora, were evaluated.FindingsDuring ripening, the water content decreased from 62.7 percent to 47.5 percent, while the protein and fat amount increased from 20.8 percent to 25.0 percent and from 9.7 percent to 16.3 percent, respectively; the aw decreased from 0.95 to 0.88 and pH from 5.80 to 5.35. The proteolytic changes, measured by free amine groups and Nsoluble content, as well as the quantity of free fatty acids and percentage of most of the volatile compounds increased, particularly during the first two months of ripening. The total number of aerobic microorganisms, and Lactobacillaceae decreased during ripening from 7.9 to 6.2 and 5.6 to 4.7 log cfu/g, respectively. The count of coagulase‐negative cocci changed from 5.3 to 5.2 log cfu/g.Originality/valueKumpia wieprzowa is a unique pork product, entered on the List of Polish Traditional Products in 2005. Up to the present, the properties of Kumpia wieprzowa were not recognized and published in the scientific literature, in spite of its very interesting raw material (shoulder spontaneously fermented as a whole large primal cut).
Isolation, characterization and utilization of starter cultures for the development of wheyghurt drink
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Muhammad Anjum Faqir , Rafiq Khan Moazzam , Issa Khan Muhammad , Nadeem Muhammad 
Published: August 2013

PurposeWhey products have conventionally been professed as a means of reducing ingredient costs. The authentic benefits of adding whey products are the enhanced worth resulting from flavor, texture and nutritional improvements as well as nutraceutical or health‐enhancing payback. Therefore, the present study aims to isolate and characterize suitable starter cultures for the production of wheyghurt drink.Design/methodology/approachKeeping in view all the benefits of yoghurt technology this study was planned to isolate the starter cultures and optimize the conditions for the production of wheyghurt drink. The starter cultures (Lactobacillus delbruceckiissp.BulgaricusandStreptococcus thermophilus) were isolated from the yoghurt and further characterized on the basis of their morphological and biochemical characteristics. The wheyghurt drink prepared from starter cultures with varying starter culture concentrations (1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 percent) was analyzed for the physicochemical and sensory characteristics to explore the potential of wheyghurt drink.FindingsDuring storage, color, flavor, taste and overall acceptability were affected significantly. But the interaction between treatments and storage was found non‐significant to all the sensory parameters. At zero day maximum score (7.40) for overall acceptability was recorded for T3and minimum score (5.60) was awarded to T4. After five, ten and 15 days of storage, judges observed a slight decline in overall acceptability in all wheyghurt drink samples. Hence it was concluded that wheyghurt drink sample T3obtained maximum scores regarding the organoleptic evaluation and remained the best.Practical implicationsThe key to growth is a continuous evaluation and modification of the product to match consumer expectations. Currently there are many apparent benefits that result from incorporating selected whey products into yogurt formulas. The starter cultures for the production of fermented whey products are not presently produced in Pakistan and are imported for industrial use. The use of LAB as starter culture may help to improve the quality and shelf life of the whey products.Originality/valueThe research is useful for food manufacturers in order to develop functional food products for consumers. Understanding consumer needs and preferences is critical to successful product development and enhancing marketing values of a product. Nutritionally improved foods, such as wheyghurt over the conventional counterpart, will be highly successful in the marketplace. Consumers will prefer such kinds of foods because they are more conscious about their health and such foods provide them with what they desire, i.e. health benefits with good nutrition.
Online brand community response to negative brand events: the role of group eWOM
Authors: Chang Aihwa , Hsieh Sara H. , Tseng Timmy H. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeBrand communities now play a significant role in building brand loyalty. Past researches focus on how brand community facilitates brand loyalty under normal market situations. Yet, limited research examines consumer responses to negative events within the brand community context. Drawing from social identity theory and the theory of involvement, the present study aims to reveal the role that group eWOM plays in influencing brand community members’ evaluation on negative brand decisions.Design/methodology/approachBy using an experimental study, the current research adopts far brand extension as the empirical testing ground.FindingsThis research illustrates that group eWOM's influence on brand community member's attitude toward the negative brand information is affected by member's level of brand community identification and brand involvement. When the group eWOM opposes far extension, high brand community identified members are driven by social creativity to resist negative impacts to the brand. However, when the group eWOM supports far extension, high brand involved members are strengthened by group eWOM to promote favorable brand evaluations and attenuate negative impacts to the brand.Practical implicationsFirms should leverage the ingrained associations between brand community identification, brand involvement and group eWOM in affecting brand community’s responses to insulate brand community from the impacts of negative events.Originality/valueThe present study extends prior research on customer loyalty from an individual perspective to reveal the significance of group dynamics in influencing brand community’s response to negative events.
Antecedent of purchase intention: online seller reputation, product category and surcharge
Authors: Pan Ming‐Chuan , Kuo Chih‐Ying , Pan Ching‐Ti , Tu Wei 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the antecedent of purchase intention: online seller reputation, product category and surcharge.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses five experimental designs to explore the seller reputation, product category and surcharge effects in Internet shopping. The authors chose one seller of low reputation and one seller of high reputation from Yahoo Mall. ANOVA are used to evaluate the results.FindingsSellers of high reputation can post higher surcharges to increase the total price paid by the buyer, but sellers of low reputation cannot do so (experiment 1). Moreover, partitioned price will decrease purchase intention for sellers of low reputation more than for sellers of high reputation (experiment 2). Consumers take the longest time to make purchasing decisions when buying credence goods (experiment 3) or buying from sellers of low reputation (experiment 4). The effect of surcharge levied by sellers of low reputation is weakened for consumers with low (vs high) shipping‐charge skepticism (experiment 5).Practical implicationsThis study is helpful to online sellers if they can identify their reputation, product category and those consumers who have shipping‐charge skepticism, they can create extra profit through surcharge practice.Originality/valueThe authors’ investigation extends the literature on consumers’ price processing by identifying the important moderators (seller reputation, product category, and elaboration) and probing into the decision process (via the response time). The results suggest prescriptive strategies for online sellers.
Trust in the knowledge economy
Authors: Tulio Zanini Marco , Musante Michael 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the expanding role of trust in the knowledge economy. Specifically it aims to focus on the unique nature of the knowledge economy and the importance of informal and social control provided by the development of trust.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is conceptual and a literature review.FindingsThe intra‐ and inter‐organizational dynamics of the knowledge economy require a unique focus on the development and maintenance of trust. Marketing relationships within and across firms will change and require a renewed emphasis on trust to safeguard the key asset in the knowledge economy, knowledge.Originality/valueThis article adds new insights on organizational trust, specifically under the paradigm of knowledge‐based production systems that characterize a knowledge economy.