bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diminished Ovarian Reserve, Causes, Assessment and Management
Authors: Arora Mala , Kaur Mandeep 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTDiminished ovarian reserve predicts diminished ovarian response to stimulation but does not predict cycle fecundity. It has been recently defined by ESHRE, the Bologna's criteria, according to which at least two of the following three features should be present: (1) Age >40 years/any other risk factor for DOR, (2) abnormal ovarian reserve test, i.e. antral follicle count, AMH, (3) poor ovarian response in a previous stimulated cycle, i.e. less than three follicles after standard gonadotropin stimulation. Poor response to maximal stimulation on two previous occasions also defines DOR.The treatment options are limited. Avoiding the GnRH agonist long protocol and stimulation with microdose flare or antagonist protocol yields better results. Adjuvant therapy with LH, DHEAS and growth hormone shows some benefit in improving the oocyte yield. It is advisable to perform ICSI for all obtained oocytes and some advocate assisted hatching. Pregnancy rates are, however, poor and often these patients require ovum donation. Developing tests that will diagnose DOR in a low-risk population will allow women to plan their reproductive careers early.How to cite this articleKaur M, Arora M. Diminished Ovarian Reserve, Causes, Assessment and Management. Int J Infertility Fetal Med 2013;4(2):45-55.
Effect of Submucosal Injection of Dexamethasone on Postoperative Discomfort after Third Molar Surgery: A Prospective Study
Authors: Ummar M , Nair Rakesh B , Rahman NM Mujeeb , Hafiz KA Abdul , Issac Johnson K , Sameer KM 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate the relative ability of 4 mg dose of intraoperative dexamethasone, administered submucosally, to reduce the postoperative discomfort after third molar surgery.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 patients requiring surgical removal of a single mandibular third molar were included. The experimental group (50) received dexamethasone 4 mg as submucosal injection and control group (50) received no drugs. The maximum interincisal distance and facial contours were measured at baseline and at postsurgery days 2 and 7. The measurement of pain was done using visual analog scale (VAS).

Results
None of the patients developed wound infection or any serious postoperative complications. Postoperative edema tended to be less severe on the second postoperative day in the experimental group and the result was statistically significant. There were no significant differences in the reduction of pain and trismus between the two groups studied.

Conclusion
Submucosal administration of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (4 mg) results in reduction of postoperative edema, comparable with or greater than other routes of administration. Presumably, a higher effective drug concentration at the site of injury without loss due to distribution to other compartments may be achieved, and the submucosal route is convenient for both the surgeon and the patient.

Clinical significance
Submucosal route of administration of dexamethasone (4 mg) is effective in reducing postoperative discomfort after third molar surgeries.

How to cite this article
Nair RB, Rahman NMM, Ummar M, Hafiz KAA, Issac JK, Sameer KM. Effect of Submucosal Injection of Dexamethasone on Postoperative Discomfort after Third Molar Surgery: A Prospective Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(3):401-404.
Flare-up Rate in Molars with Periapical Radiolucency in One-Visit vs Two-Visit Endodontic Treatment
Authors: AL-Omiri Mahmoud K , Iqbal Azhar , Akbar Iftikhar 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The objective of this study was to compare postobturation flare-ups following single and two-visit endodontic treatment of molar teeth with periapical radiolucency.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 patients with asymptomatic molar teeth with periapical radiolucency were selected. They were randomly allocated into two groups. Fifty patients received complete endodontic treatment in one-visit. Fifty patients received treatment by debridement and instrumentation at the first visit followed by obturation at the second visit.

Results
10% of patients had flare-ups in the single visit group and 8% of patients had flare-ups in the two-visit group. Number of visits did not affect the success of endodontic treatment (p > 0.05). Age, gender and tooth type had no effects on the occurrence of flare-ups regardless the number of visits (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
One-visit endodontic treatment was as successful as two-visit endodontic treatment as evaluated by rate of flareups in asymptomatic molar teeth with periapical radiolucency.

How to cite this article
Akbar I, Iqbal A, Al-Omiri MK. Flare-up Rate in Molars with Periapical Radiolucency in One-Visit vs Two- Visit Endodontic Treatment. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013; 14(3):414-418.
Surgical Elevation of Bilateral Maxillary Sinus Floor with a Combination of Autogenous Bone and Lyophilized Bovine Bone
Authors: Araujo Danilo Barral , de Jesus Campos Elisângela , Oliveira Marcos André Matos , Lima Max José Pimenta , Martins Gabriela Botelho , Araujo Roberto Paulo Correia 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
Realize the surgery of sinus lifting floor to allow the installation of osseointegrated implants for oral rehabilitation, with the combination of different biomaterials, autogenous bone and lyophilized bovine bone.

Background
Oral rehabilitation using the installation of osseointegrated implants is an alternative surgical approach that results in the satisfactory form, function and esthetics of the dental units.

Case report
After clinical, dental and laboratory assessment, a 47-year-old female patient underwent full maxillary oral rehabilitation involving the installation of osseointegrated implants to allow her to meet the physiological demands of occlusion and mastication. It was found that the patient had fully pneumatized maxillary sinuses with insufficient height to anchor implants, with a loss of the vertical dimension of the occlusal and masticatory functions due to general dental loss, compounded by the use of ill-fitting dentures; hence, the choice was made to take autogenous bone from the patient's chin area and supplement it with lyophilized bovine bone as collateral for larger areas to be grafted. It was also decided to avulse the remaining tooth units due to their impairment by periodontal disease.

Conclusion
Bone grafts do not constitute suitable alternatives in the cosmetic and functional rehabilitation of the maxilla in patients requiring bilateral sinus elevation. The chin region provides bone tissue that, when complemented by lyophilized bovine bone grafts, ensures greater volume and less invasive surgery. In the case described here, a height gain of approximately 550% was obtained, making it possible to anchor seven implants.

Clinical significance
In this study, the surgical procedures used for grafting a combination of autogenous and lyophilized bovine bone, aimed to elevate the maxillary sinus floor to allow the installation of osseointegrated implants for oral rehabilitation.

How to cite this article
Araujo DB, de Jesus Campos E, Oliveira MAM, Lima MJP, Martins GB, Araujo RPC. Surgical Elevation of Bilateral Maxillary Sinus Floor with a Combination of Autogenous Bone and Lyophilized Bovine Bone. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(3):445-450.
Racial Realities and Corrective Justice
Authors: Shelby Tommie 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
I reply to Mills's critique of my effort to show the relevance of Rawls's theory of justice for thinking about and responding to racial injustices. Contrary to Mills's claims, my suggestion that the fair equality of opportunity principle can remedy socioeconomic disadvantages caused by the legacy of racial oppression is compatible with Rawls's framework, does not conflate distributive justice with corrective justice, and does not confuse racial injustice with economic injustice. I also raise doubts about Mills's project to radically reconstruct contractarian political philosophy. He seeks to displace ideal theory with nonideal theory by foregrounding the realities of past racial domination. Against this approach, I argue that an ideal theory that abstracts away from these realities is not inherently ideological, useless for corrective justice, or too ideal to guide social reform. And I defend the view that ideal theory is indispensible for nonideal theorizing about racial justice.
Inheriting Racist Disparities in Health
Authors: Sullivan Shannon 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This article examines how people of color can biologically inherit the deleterious effects of white racism. Drawing primarily on the field of epigenetics, I demonstrate how transgenerational racial disparities are in fact racist disparities that can be manifest physiologically, helping constitute the chemicals, hormones, cells, and fibers of the human body. Epigenetics can be used to demonstrate how white racism can have durable effects on the biological constitution of human beings that are not limited to the specific person who is the target of white racism, but instead extend to that person's offspring. In this way, the field of epigenetics can help philosophers and others understand the transgenerational biological impact of social forces such as white racism. It reveals that the damage done by white racism is more extensive than critical philosophers of race might have realized, and also that interventions against white racism must address not just the economic, geographical, social, and psychological, but also the biological aspects of human existence. In particular, the article examines racist disparities in preterm birth rates and argues that the scope and significance of prenatal care for African American women must be expanded intergenerationally and include wide-scale forms of racial justice.
Emendments to Sprengelia Sm., (Epacridoideae Ericaceae), Tasmania Australia
Authors: Crowden Ron K. 
Published: September 2013

Sprengelia montana R.Br. and S propinqua A.Cunn. ex DC are separated from S. incarnata and restored to species status.
Emended descriptions for S. incarnata, S. montana and S. propinqua are given. A new endemic species for Tasmania,
S. minima, R.K.Crowden is described and the relationship between the Tasmanian endemics, S. distichophylla (Rodw.)
Curtis and S. minima, and the New South Wales endemics, S. monticola (A.Cunn ex DC) Druce and S. sprengelioides
(R.Br.) Druce is discussed. An identification key for Sprengelia is provided.
Polymers for Surface‐Functionalization and Biocompatibility of Inorganic Nanocrystals
Authors: Palui Goutam , Wang Wentao , Aldeek Fadi , Mattoussi Hedi 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Hybrid nanomaterials combining inorganic nanostructures with organic molecules such as polymers and biomolecules offer flexible platforms with size‐ and composition‐tunable properties. These materials have shown promising use in an array of applications ranging from optical devices to biologically active platforms, facilitating important functions such as sensing, imaging, and as diagnostic tools. One of the key requirements to the integration of these inorganic nanostructures into biology is the ability to effectively control and tune their interfaces with the surrounding media. Block copolymers provide versatile molecules with dimensions comparable to those of the inorganic nanostructures and the ability to chemically tune their properties and behavior (solubility and such) over multiple length scales. Amphiphilic polymers have been used by several groups as ligands or/and capsules to promote the transfer of a variety of inorganic nanomaterials (Au nanoparticles, magnetic nanocrystals, and semiconducting nanocrystals) to buffer media and to render them biocompatible. In this article, we provide an overview of the recent developments using various amphiphilic polymers to interface inorganic nanocrystals with biological media. We start with a brief description of the most common routes for growing a few representative high quality nanocrystals of semiconductors (ie, quantum dots), metal, and metal oxide materials. We then discuss the strategies to solubilize those nanocrystals in buffer media using amphiphilic polymers and provide a few representative examples where these hydrophilic platforms have been used as sensors and imaging probes.
Is There Subclinical Synovitis in Early Psoriatic Arthritis? A Clinical Comparison With Gray‐Scale and Power Doppler Ultrasound
Authors: Freeston Jane E. , Coates Laura C. , Nam Jackie L. , Moverley Anna R. , Hensor Elizabeth M. A. , Wakefield Richard J. , Emery Paul , Helliwell Philip S. , Conaghan Philip G. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveArthritis activity assessments in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have traditionally relied on tender and swollen joint counts, but in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple studies have demonstrated subclinical inflammation using modern imaging. The aim of this study was to compare clinical examination and ultrasound (US) findings in an early PsA cohort.MethodsForty‐nine disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug–naive patients with recent‐onset PsA (median disease duration 10 months) underwent gray‐scale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) US of 40 joints plus tender and swollen joint counts of 68/66 joints. GS and PD were scored on a 0–3 semiquantitative scale for each joint. Clinically active joints were defined as tender and/or swollen and US active joints were defined as a GS score ≥2 and/or a PD score ≥1.ResultsThe most common sites for subclinical synovitis were the wrist (30.6%), knee (21.4%), metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints (26.5–33.7%), and metacarpophalangeal joints (10.2–19.4%). Excluding MTP joints and ankles, 37 (75.5%) of 49 patients had subclinical synovitis with a median of 3 (interquartile range [IQR] 1–4) joints involved. In contrast, clinical overestimation of synovitis occurred most commonly at the shoulder (38%) and ankle (28.6%). Twelve of 49 patients were classified clinically as having oligoarthritis; of these, subclinical synovitis identified 8 (75%) as having polyarthritis with an increase in their median joint count from 3 (IQR 1–4) to 6 (IQR 5–7).ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that subclinical synovitis, as identified by US, is very common in early PsA and led to the majority of oligoarthritis patients being reclassified as having polyarthritis. Further research is required into the relationship of such subclinical synovitis to structural progression.
Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibitor Use and Decreased Risk for Incident Coronary Events in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Bili Androniki , Tang Xiaoqin , Pranesh Shruthi , Bozaite Rasa , Morris Stephanie J. , Antohe Jana L. , Kirchner H. Lester , Wasko Mary Chester M. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the association of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) inhibitors with risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 2,101 incident RA patients was established. Medication exposure was categorized into the following groups: TNFα inhibitors alone or in combination with methotrexate (MTX; aTNF group); MTX alone or in combination with other nonbiologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs; MTX group); and no MTX, nonbiologic DMARDs (reference group). Primary outcome was adjudicated incident coronary artery disease (CAD), defined as myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or coronary revascularization procedure. Secondary outcome was adjudicated incident CVD, defined as a composite of CAD, stroke, transient ischemic attack, abdominal aortic aneurysm, peripheral arterial disease, or arterial revascularization procedure. Cox regression models were used to calculate the hazard ratio for CAD and CVD for the aTNF and MTX groups compared to the reference group.ResultsThere were 46 incident CAD and 82 incident CVD events. Adjusting for covariates associated with CAD and CVD, the hazard ratio for incident CAD was 0.45 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.21–0.96) for the aTNF group and 0.54 (95% CI 0.27–1.09) for the MTX group compared to the reference group. Use of TNFα inhibitors for >16.1 months was associated with a relative risk for CAD of 0.18 (95% CI 0.06–0.50) and for CVD of 0.31 (95% CI 0.15–0.65) compared to the reference group. A similar, although not significant, trend was seen with the MTX group.ConclusionUse of TNFα inhibitors is associated with a decreased risk for CAD in RA; the risk decreases further with long‐term use. This should be considered when weighing the risks versus benefits of these medications.
(R/S)‐BINOL‐α‐Phosphoryloxy Enecarbamate‐Mediated and (R/S)‐Titanium(IV) BINOLates‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Heck/Aza‐Diels–Alder Cycloaddition (IHADA): An Expedient Methodology
Authors: Khan Imran A. , Saxena Anil K. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAn (R/S)‐titanium(IV) BINOLate‐catalyzed highly enantioselective intramolecular Heck/aza‐Diels–Alder cycloaddition (IHADA) cascade was developed to prepare tetrahydropyridoindoles (tHPs) and octahydropyrazinopyridoindoles (oHPPs) from in situ generated (R/S)‐BINOL α‐phosphoryloxy carbamate (αPPC2) in one pot. Chiral cooperativity between (R/S)‐αPPC2 and (R/S)‐titanium(IV) BINOLate was observed and successfully utilized for the construction of various tHPs (7 examples) and oHPPs (17 examples).magnified image
Saliva sampling method affects performance of a salivary α‐amylase biosensor
Authors: Robles Theodore F. , Sharma Rassilee , Harrell Lauren , Elashoff David A. , Yamaguchi Masaki , Shetty Vivek 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesPrompted by the discordance between a standardized salivary alpha‐amylase (sAA) biosensor applied in clinical settings and a reference laboratory analyzer, we examined the impact of the saliva sampling method on the analytic performance of the biosensor.MethodsDirect mouth readings using the biosensor from 31 normal, healthy volunteers were compared to biosensor and conventional assay readings obtained from saliva samples collected concurrently by passive drool and processed in three different ways (unprocessed, thawed, and thawed and centrifuged).ResultsThe direct readings from the mouth showed consistently lower sAA values (Ps < 0.01) compared to all other combinations of sample processing and quantification platforms (biosensor vs. conventional assay). Readings obtained from passive drool saliva were strongly correlated with one another, and Bland–Altman plots of agreement indicated a smaller discrepancy between conventional and biosensor readings obtained with passive drool when compared to the direct mouth readings.ConclusionsOur study indicates that the analytical performance of the sAA biosensor is influenced significantly by the saliva sampling method. In contrast to the relatively imprecise direct mouth measurements, biosensor sAA levels established indirectly from passive drool saliva samples provide more accurate estimation of sAA levels, even after intermediary processing steps (e.g., freezing, thawing, centrifugation). Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:719–724, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patterns of senescence in human cardiovascular fitness: VO2max in subsistence and industrialized populations
Authors: Pisor Anne C. , Gurven Michael , Blackwell Aaron D. , Kaplan Hillard , Yetish Gandhi 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study explores whether cardiovascular fitness levels and senescent decline are similar in the Tsimane of Bolivia and Canadians, as well as other subsistence and industrialized populations. Among Tsimane, we examine whether morbidity predicts lower levels and faster decline of cardiovascular fitness, or whether their lifestyle (e.g., high physical activity) promotes high levels and slow decline. Alternatively, high activity levels and morbidity might counterbalance such that Tsimane fitness levels and decline are similar to those in industrialized populations.MethodsMaximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated using a step test heart rate method for 701 participants. We compared these estimates to the Canadian Health Measures Survey and previous studies in industrialized and subsistence populations. We evaluated whether health indicators and proxies for market integration were associated with VO2max levels and rate of decline for the Tsimane.ResultsThe Tsimane have significantly higher levels of VO2max and slower rates of decline than Canadians; initial evidence suggests differences in VO2max levels between other subsistence and industrialized populations. Low hemoglobin predicts low VO2max for Tsimane women while helminth infection predicts high VO2max for Tsimane men, though results might be specific to the VO2max scaling parameter used. No variables tested interact with age to moderate decline.ConclusionsThe Tsimane demonstrate higher levels of cardiovascular fitness than industrialized populations, but levels similar to other subsistence populations. The high VO2max of Tsimane is consistent with their high physical activity and few indicators of cardiovascular disease, measured in previous studies. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:756–769, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recommendations for Screening and Detection of Connective Tissue Disease–Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Khanna Dinesh , Gladue Heather , Channick Richard , Chung Lorinda , Distler Oliver , Furst Daniel E. , Hachulla Eric , Humbert Marc , Langleben David , Mathai Stephen C. , Saggar Rajeev , Visovatti Scott , Altorok Nezam , Townsend Whitney , FitzGerald John , McLaughlin Vallerie V. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivePulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) affects up to 15% of patients with connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Previous recommendations developed as part of larger efforts in PAH did not include detailed recommendations for patients with CTD‐associated PAH. Therefore, we sought to develop recommendations for screening and early detection of CTD‐associated PAH.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the literature on the screening and diagnosis of PAH in CTD. Using the RAND/University of California, Los Angeles consensus methodology, we developed case scenarios followed by 2 stages of voting. First, international experts from a variety of specialties voted anonymously on the appropriateness of each case scenario. The experts then met face‐to‐face to discuss and resolve discrepant votes to arrive at consensus recommendations.ResultsThe key recommendation stated that all patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) should be screened for PAH. In addition, patients with mixed connective tissue disease or other CTDs with scleroderma features (scleroderma spectrum disorders) should be screened for PAH. It was recommended that screening pulmonary function tests (PFTs) with single‐breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, transthoracic echocardiogram, and measurement of N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) be performed in all patients with SSc and scleroderma spectrum disorders. In patients with SSc and scleroderma spectrum disorders, transthoracic echocardiogram and PFTs should be performed annually. The full screening panel (transthoracic echocardiogram, PFTs, and measurement of NT‐proBNP) should be performed as soon as any new signs or symptoms are present.ConclusionWe provide consensus‐based, evidence‐driven recommendations for screening and early detection of CTD‐associated PAH. It is our hope that these recommendations will lead to earlier detection of CTD‐associated PAH and ultimately improve patient outcomes.