bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The histology of Nanomia bijuga (Hydrozoa: Siphonophora)
Authors: Church Samuel H. , Siebert Stefan , Bhattacharyya Pathikrit , Dunn Casey W. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe siphonophore Nanomia bijuga is a pelagic hydrozoan (Cnidaria) with complex morphological organization. Each siphonophore is made up of many asexually produced, genetically identical zooids that are functionally specialized and morphologically distinct. These zooids predominantly arise by budding in two growth zones, and are arranged in precise patterns. This study describes the cellular anatomy of several zooid types, the stem, and the gas‐filled float, called the pneumatophore. The distribution of cellular morphologies across zooid types enhances our understanding of zooid function. The unique absorptive cells in the palpon, for example, indicate specialized intracellular digestive processing in this zooid type. Though cnidarians are usually thought of as mono‐epithelial, we characterize at least two cellular populations in this species which are not connected to a basement membrane. This work provides a greater understanding of epithelial diversity within the cnidarians, and will be a foundation for future studies on N. bijuga, including functional assays and gene expression analyses. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B:435–449, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Skill and economic benefits of dynamical downscaling of ECMWF ENSEMBLE seasonal forecast over southern Africa with RegCM4
Authors: Diro Gulilat Tefera 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThis study presents an assessment of the skill and economic benefits of a seasonal forecast carried out by nine‐member ensembles of regional and global models over southern Africa for the period of 1991–2002. The regional ensemble seasonal hindcasts were conducted at a resolution of 25 km by driving RegCM4 with the corresponding ensembles of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) seasonal hindcasts. Skill and cost/loss ratio analysis were carried out on the probabilistic hindcasts to assess how much added value a regional model would bring over the driving ECMWF forecasts. RegCM4 shows an added value over most areas of southeastern Africa where the skill of the global circulation model (GCM) is already positive. In terms of economic benefits, RegCM4 brings additional benefits for southeastern Africa either by benefiting more users with interest in larger cost/loss ratio or by providing a higher economic value for users with small cost/loss ratio. Additional RegCM4 simulations with the same resolution were performed using a near ‘perfect’ boundary conditions with ‘continuous (climate)’ and ‘reinitialized’ modes to test the impact of land surface initialization/ spin up time on the seasonal mean precipitation simulation. Evaluation of the ‘perfect’ boundary forced simulations reveals that the regional model not only generates finer spatial‐scale features that are missing in the ECMWF GCM, in terms of the December to April (DJFMA) climatology, but also reduced the wet bias of the driving GCM. Land surface initialization is found to have less impact on the DJFMA seasonal mean rainfall for forecasts initialized on 1 November, suggesting that 1 month is enough to recover from the shock of poor soil moisture initialization.
Deficit irrigation strategies enhance health‐promoting compounds through the intensification of specific enzymes in early peaches
Authors: Falagán Natalia , Artés Francisco , Gómez Perla Azucena , Artés‐Hernández Francisco , Conejero Wenceslao , Aguayo Encarna 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiochemical and enzymatic responses to long‐term regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) at harvest, during cold storage and after the retail sale period of ‘Flordastar’ early peaches were evaluated. Irrigation strategies were Control, and two RDI applied during post‐harvest period (RDI1, severe; RDI2, moderate), based on different thresholds of maximum daily shrinkage signal intensity (RDI1, 1.4 to dry; RDI2, 1.3 to 1.6).RESULTSBoth RDI provoked stress in the plant. This meant higher antioxidant concentration [averaging 1.30 ± 0.27 g ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE) kg−1 fresh weight (FW) for control and 1.77 ± 0.35 and 1.50 ± 0.30 g AAE kg−1 FW for RDI1 and RDI2, respectively]. Antioxidant levels decreased with storage by polyphenoloxydase action, which increased (from 0.04 ± 0.01 U mg−1 protein to 0.32 ± 0.08 U mg−1 protein). Vitamin C was initially higher in RDI samples (44.22 ± 0.05 g total vitamin C kg−1 FW for control vs. 46.77 ± 0.02 and 46.27 ± 0.03 g total vitamin C kg−1 FW for RDI1 and RDI2, respectively).CONCLUSIONThe way RDI was applied affected bioactive fruit composition, being catalase and dehydroascorbic acid good water stress indicators. RDI strategies can be used as field practice, allowing water savings while enhanced healthy compound content in early peaches. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Sequential culture with Torulaspora delbrueckii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and management of fermentation temperature to improve cherry wine quality
Authors: Sun Shu Yang , Gong Han Sheng , Zhao Yu Ping , Liu Wen Li , Jin Cheng Wu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere has been limited research on the use of non‐Saccharomyces yeasts for the production of cherry wines. This work used an autochthonous Torulaspora delbrueckii strain 49 (TD49) in association with a commercial S. cerevisiae RC212 yeast, to investigate the effect of multi‐starter culture (sequential inoculation and simultaneous inoculation) and fermentation temperature on the quality of cherry wines.RESULTSBoth TD49 and RC212 proliferated during alcoholic fermentation (AF) under sequential inoculation conditions, whereas in the case of simultaneous inoculation, TD49 increased slowly at first and then declined sharply near the fermentation end. The analytical profile showed that both mixed fermentations produced lower levels of volatile acidy and higher levels of aromatic compounds than those from RC212 mono‐culture. During sensory analysis, wines from sequential fermentation obtained the highest score, mainly due to the higher intensity in ‘fruity’ and ‘floral’ characters. As for the influence of temperature, a low temperature (20°C) enhanced TD49 persistence during AF, but the sensory quality decreased anyway; 30°C resulted in decreases in most measured descriptors. Therefore, 25°C was selected as the best culture temperature.CONCLUSIONTD49/RC212 sequential inoculation and fermentation at 25°C significantly enhanced the cherry wine quality. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Self‐Assembly‐Driven Electrospinning: The Transition from Fibers to Intact Beaded Morphologies
Authors: Wang Linge , Topham Paul D. , Mykhaylyk Oleksandr O. , Yu Hao , Ryan Anthony J. , Fairclough J. Patrick A. , Bras Wim 
Published: June 2015

Polymer beads have attracted considerable interest for use in catalysis, drug delivery, and photo­nics due to their particular shape and surface morphology. Electrospinning, typically used for producing nanofibers, can also be used to fabricate polymer beads if the solution has a sufficiently low concentration. In this work, a novel approach for producing more uniform, intact beads is presented by electrospinning self‐assembled block copolymer (BCP) solutions. This approach allows a relatively high polymer concentration to be used, yet with a low degree of entanglement between polymer chains due to microphase separation of the BCP in a selective solvent system. Herein, to demonstrate the technology, a well‐studied polystyrene‐poly(ethylene butylene)–polystyrene triblock copolymer is dissolved in a co‐solvent system. The effect of solvent composition on the characteristics of the fibers and beads is intensively studied, and the mechanism of this fiber‐to‐bead is found to be dependent on microphase separation of the BCP.
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Movement Disorders: A Review
Authors: Berardelli Isabella , Pasquini Massimo , Roselli Valentina , Biondi Massimo , Berardelli Alfredo , Fabbrini Giovanni 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn addition to motor symptoms, patients with movement disorders often complain of psychiatric disturbances, including mood, anxiety, and impulse‐control disorders and psychosis. These abnormalities are often misdiagnosed and left untreated, thus resulting in a worse prognosis and lower quality of life. Besides the use of standard pharmacological treatments, psychiatric abnormalities can be treated by means of nonpharmacological approaches. These approaches include various types of psychological therapies, the most widely used being cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). We reviewed all articles, conducted until 2014, that contained primary data derived from clinical trials and case reports on the effect of CBT in the most common movement disorders. One randomized, controlled study and several uncontrolled studies on the efficacy of CBT in Parkinson's disease (PD) have shown a short‐term benefit of depression and anxiety. In Tourette's syndrome (TS), CBT has been assessed in a number of large controlled clinical trials that have demonstrated an improvement in psychiatric disturbances and tics. There are no controlled studies on the efficacy of CBT in other types of movement disorders, such as dystonia, Huntington's disease, and essential tremor. Only a limited number of studies have evaluated the efficacy of CBT in the management of psychiatric disorders in movement disorders. The evidence available suggests that CBT is useful in TS and probably useful in PD. We recommend the planning of randomized, controlled clinical trials to investigate the effects of CBT and group CBT in the treatment of psychiatric disturbances in movement disorders.
Identification of an Alu‐repeat‐mediated deletion of OPTN upstream region in a patient with a complex ocular phenotype
Authors: Schilter Kala F. , Reis Linda M. , Sorokina Elena A. , Semina Elena V. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGenetic causes of ocular conditions remain largely unknown. To reveal the molecular basis for a congenital ocular phenotype associated with glaucoma we performed whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and whole‐genome copy number analyses of patient DNA. WES did not identify a causative variant. Copy number variation analysis identified a deletion of 10p13 in the patient and his unaffected father; the deletion breakpoint contained a single 37‐bp sequence that is normally present in two distinct Alu repeats separated by ~181 kb. The deletion removed part of the upstream region of optineurin (OPTN) as well as the upstream sequence and two coding exons of coiled‐coil domain containing 3 (CCDC3); analysis of the patient's second allele showed normal OPTN and CCDC3 sequences. Studies of zebrafish orthologs identified expression in the developing eye for both genes. OPTN is a known factor in dominant adult‐onset glaucoma and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). The deletion eliminates 98 kb of the OPTN upstream sequence leaving only ~1 kb of the proximal promoter region. Comparison of transcriptional activation capability of the 3 kb normal and the rearranged del(10)(p13) OPTN promoter sequences demonstrated a statistically significant decrease for the deleted allele; sequence analysis of the entire deleted region identified multiple conserved elements with possible cis‐regulatory activity. Additional screening of CCDC3 indicated that heterozygous loss‐of‐function alleles are unlikely to cause congenital ocular disease. In summary, we report the first regulatory region deletion involving OPTN, caused by Alu‐mediated nonallelic homologous recombination and possibly contributing to the patient's ocular phenotype. In addition, our data indicate that Alu‐mediated rearrangements of the OPTN upstream region may represent a new source of affected alleles in human conditions. Evaluation of the upstream OPTN sequences in additional ocular and ALS patients may help to determine the role of this region, if any, in human disease.
Suprascarpal fat pad thickness may predict venous drainage patterns in abdominal wall flaps
Authors: Bast John , Pitcher Austin A. , Small Kevin , Otterburn David M. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundAbdominal wall flaps are routinely used in reconstructive procedures. In some patients inadequate venous drainage from the deep vein may cause fat necrosis or flap failure. Occasionally the superficial inferior epigastric vessels (SIEV) are of sufficient size to allow for microvascular revascularization. This study looked at the ratio of the sub‐ and suprascarpal fat layers, the number of deep system perforators, and SIEV diameter to determine any correlation of the fat topography and SIEV.Methods50 abdominal/pelvic CT angiograms (100 hemiabdomens) were examined in women aged 34–70 years for number of perforators, SIEV diameter, and fat pad thickness above and below Scarpa's fascia. Data was analyzed using multivariate model.ResultsThe average suprascarpal and subscarpal layers were 18.6 ± 11.5 mm and 6.2 ± 7.2 mm thick, respectively. The average SIEV diameter was 2.06 ± 0.81 mm and the average number of perforators was 2.09 ± 1.03 per hemiabdomen. Hemiabdomens with suprascarpal thickness>23 mm had greater SIEV diameter [2.69 mm vs. 1.8 mm (P < 0.0001)] The fat layer thickness did not correlate with the number of perforators. Neither subscarpal fat thickness nor suprascarpal‐to‐subscarpal fat layer thickness correlated significantly with SIEV caliber or number of perforators in multivariate model.ConclusionsSuprascarpal fat pad thicker than 23 mm had larger SIEVs irrespective of the number of deep system perforators. This may indicate a cohort of patients at risk of venous congestion from poor venous drainage if only the deep system is revascularized. We recommend harvesting the SIEV in patients with suprascarpal fat pad >23 mm to aid in superficial drainage. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:99–103, 2016.
Approximate optimal projection for reduced‐order models
Authors: Oberai Assad A. , Jagalur‐Mohan Jayanth 
Published: June 2015

SummaryA critical component of a reduced‐order model is the projection that maps the original high‐fidelity system on to the reduced‐order basis. In this manuscript, we develop a projection for linear systems that is optimal in an operator‐independent norm. We derive an expression for this projection as a Galerkin projection plus another component that is interpreted as the effect of the scales that live outside the reduced‐order basis. We note that the exact form of this projection does not lead to a viable computational method because it involves the inverse of the original high‐fidelity operator. We approximate this inverse by an inexpensive preconditioner and create a practical method whose costs are of the same order as the Galerkin method. We test the performance of this method on heat conduction and advection–diffusion problems while using the incomplete LU preconditioner as an approximate to the inverse of the original operator, and conclude that it provides more accurate results than the Galerkin projection. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agranulocytosis with Ceftaroline High‐Dose Monotherapy or Combination Therapy with Clindamycin
Authors: Varada Neilmegh L. , Sakoulas George , Lei Lani R. , Chua Jimmy 
Published: June 2015

IntroductionThe only clinically available cephalosporin with in vivo and in vitro activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus is ceftaroline, which is approved for the treatment of soft tissue infection and community‐acquired pneumonia in doses of 600 mg intravenously every 12 hours for 2 weeks or less. However, many clinicians use ceftaroline to treat more serious infections and dose more frequently (every 8 hours) for longer periods of time.MethodsA retrospective medication safety assessment was performed at two centers where agranulocytosis was observed in four patients (two at each center) who were treated with ceftaroline. The cases were reviewed by the treating physicians for common features, and the frequency of agranulocytosis was calculated based on the total number of treated patients.ResultsWe report four cases of agranulocytosis associated with ceftaroline use, highlighted by prolonged use (more than 14 days) and 8‐hour dosing intervals or 12‐hour dosing intervals with concomitant clindamycin therapy. When ceftaroline (600 mg every 12 hours) and clindamycin (900 mg every 8 hours) were coadministered for more than 2 weeks, the frequency of agranulocytosis was 18% (2 of 18 patients treated). When ceftaroline alone was administered for more than 2 weeks at 600 mg every 8 hours, agranulocytosis occurred in 5.4% (2 of 37 treated patients). No cases of ceftaroline‐related agranulocytosis were seen that did not have these features. In these patients, granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor therapy usually resulted in rapid myeloid recovery.ConclusionsClinicians should have a heightened awareness of agranulocytosis when using ceftaroline in such settings and monitor complete blood counts at least once/week.
Graphite oxide multilayers for device fabrication: Enzyme‐based electrical sensing of glucose
Authors: Lanche Ruben , Pachauri Vivek , Law Jessica Ka‐Yan , Munief Walid M. , Wagner Patrick , Thoelen Ronald , Ingebrandt Sven 
Published: June 2015

In this paper, the use of graphite oxide multilayers as a transducer material for the fabrication of electronic devices is outlined. Graphite oxide flakes were produced in a solution‐based exfoliation method optimized for large area thin layers with narrow size distribution. A dielectrophoretic technique was used for scalable trapping of the graphite oxide onto the microelectrode pairs patterned over glass chips. The graphite oxide trapped in between microelectrode gaps was subjected to a very rapid thermal annealing step in ambient in order to make good electrical contacts with source and drain electrodes. After this, the graphite oxide devices were characterized for their electrical transport using impedance spectroscopy and field‐effect measurements in an electrochemical gate configuration. The conductivities of the graphite oxide devices were tested against the thermal treatment in air in order to determine a nominal burn‐out as well as the optimal parameters for device characteristics. The devices were surface modified with glucose oxidase and deployed for sensor operation. This work suggests for the use of graphite oxide thin‐layers as an easy and suitable alternative for the fabrication of electronic sensor platforms circumventing the dependence over tedious chemical and physical graphene oxide reduction methods.Schematic illustration of the graphite oxide (GrO) multilayer‐based electronic chips fabricated over glass substrates. The chips were deployed as sensors for the electronic detection of glucose. Schematics not fit to scale.
Resolving a dilemma of signaling bankrupt‐firm emergence: A dynamic integrative view
Authors: Xia Jun , Dawley David D. , Jiang Han , Ma Rong , Boal Kimberly B. 
Published: June 2015

Research summary: Predicting the emergence of bankrupt firms relying on firm signals involves a stigma‐related dilemma. On the one hand, bankrupt firms tend to send positive signals through restructuring to decouple themselves from the stigma of bankruptcy. On the other hand, the preexistence of the bankruptcy stigma may reduce the signaling effectiveness of firms' restructuring efforts, making the outcome prediction difficult. We address this dilemma by developing a dynamic integrative view to extend signaling theory, arguing that subsequent signals from key external stakeholders can effectively help evaluate bankrupt firms' quality and reduce the ambiguity in interpreting firms' restructuring signals. Using a sample of U.S. public bankrupt firms under Chapter 11 reorganization, we find evidence supporting the argument.Managerial summary: Applications of signaling theory to predict reorganization outcomes are in their infancy. The dynamic integrative framework developed in this study is useful in identifying different types of signals and predicting outcomes of firms in crisis. The results of this study can be useful for various decision makers to predict the turnaround potential of bankrupt firms. Our results show that an increase in alliance partners, institutional investors, and securities analysts following a bankrupt firm predicts the firm's reorganization outcome. Moreover, firms that are able to gain positive attention from key stakeholders will also gain positive interpretations of their strategic efforts. Signals from alliance partners and institutional investors amplify the signaling effect of a firm's de‐diversification effort in predicting its reorganization outcome.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adipose Stromal Cell Contact with Endothelial Cells Results in Loss of Complementary Vasculogenic Activity Mediated by Induction of Activin A
Authors: Merfeld-Clauss Stephanie , Lupov Ivan P. , Lu Hongyan , March Keith L. , Traktuev Dmitry O. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Adipose stem/stromal cells (ASCs) after isolation produce numerous angiogenic growth factors. This justifies their use to promote angiogenesis per transplantation. In parallel, local coimplantation of ASC with endothelial cells (ECs) leading to formation of functional vessels by the donor cells suggests the existence of a mechanism responsible for fine-tuning ASC paracrine activity essential for vasculogenesis. As expected, conditioned media (CM) from ASC promoted ECs survival, proliferation, migration, and vasculogenesis. In contrast, media from EC-ASC cocultures had neutral effects upon EC responses. Media from cocultures exhibited lower levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatic growth factor, angiopoietin-1, and stromal cell-derived factor-1 compared with those in ASC CM. Activin A was induced in ASC in response to EC exposure and was responsible for overall antivasculogenic activity of EC-ASC CM. Except for VEGF, activin A diminished secretion of all tested factors by ASC. Activin A mediated induction of VEGF expression in ASC, but also upregulated expression of VEGF scavenger receptor FLT-1 in EC in EC-ASC cocultures. Blocking the FLT-1 expression in EC led to an increase in VEGF concentration in CM. In vitro pre-exposure of ASC to low number of EC before subcutaneous coimplantation with EC resulted in decrease in vessel density in the implants. In vitro tests suggested that activin A was partially responsible for this diminished ASC activity. This study shows that neovessel formation is associated with induction of activin A expression in ASC; this factor, by affecting the bioactivity of both ASC and EC, directs the crosstalk between these complementary cell types to establish stable vessels. Stem Cells 2015;33:3039–3051