bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between dietary fatty acids and liver fat accumulation in the UK Biobank
Authors: Orliacq J. , Pérez-Cornago A. , Carter J. 
Published: July 2024

Steatotic liver disease, defined as >5% of hepatic fat content, is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, in particular due to its category metabolic associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)(1). While its prevention focuses on promoting physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight and balanced diet, the associations between dietary fatty acids and liver fat remain unclear(2,3). The aim of this study was to examine the associations between dietary fatty acids and liver fat in the absence of excessive alcohol intake, independently of energy intake.Analyses were conducted on 9,268 non-diabetic participants from the UK Biobank with no pre- existing liver chronic illness or cardiovascular disease at baseline, and without excessive alcohol consumption. Dietary intake of total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) was measured using the mean of ≥2 Oxford WebQ 24-hr dietary assessments, responded to between 2009 and 2012. Liver proton density fat fraction (LPDFF) was measured by magnetic resonance imaging between 2016 and 2020. Multivariable linear regression models were calculated to assess the associations between fatty acid intakes and LPDFF, adjusting for key demographic and lifestyle confounders. In addition, associations between LPDFF and 10 individual SFAs, 7 PUFAs, and 4 MUFAs were also examined. Sensitivity analyses were carried out including participants who responded ≥4 dietary assessments (N=2,828).After fully adjusting for confounders, no significant associations between LPDFF (%) and MUFAs were found. Inverse associations with LPDFF were observed for PUFAs (−5.8% relative difference [95% confidence interval −0.6, −1.9]), per 5% increase in intake, while SFAs were positively associated with LPDFF (5.8% [3.3, 8.3]). Positive associations were observed per 1 SD increase in intake of individual fatty acids SFA stearic acid (4.20% [2.84, 5.57]) and palmitic acid (3.15% [1.78, 4.54]). Negative associations were observed for PUFAs alpha-linoleic acid (−2.32% [−3.47, −1.17]) and docosahexaenoic acid (−2.14% [−3.23, −1.0.3], and for MUFA erucic acid (−2.52% [−3.61, −1.43]). Sensitivity analyses presented similar results, and the associations between PUFAs and liver fat became slightly stronger (−10.73%, [−17.58, −3.32]).This observational study suggests that SFAs and PUFAs are associated with liver fat in opposite directions, independently of energy intake. While total MUFAs did not present significant associations with LPDFF, erucic acid was inversely associated with liver fat, highlighting the value of studying individual fatty acids. These different associations provide valuable information for the design of dietary trials that compare interventions with different types of fatty acids. These further studies would allow a better understanding of the ideal dietary advice to prevent liver steatosis and its global health impact.
Investigating predictors of protein intake in an adult population utilising the National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) Survey in the United States
Authors: O’Bree E. , Soyiri I. , Johnstone A. 
Published: July 2024

It is widely accepted that meeting recommended protein intake is protective of muscle mass(1). Insufficient intake is related to accelerated sarcopenia and impaired physical function, contributing to increased mortality and morbidity. The recommended target set by the American dietary guidelines is 0.8 g of protein per kg of body weight, based on data collated by the National Academies published in 2005(2). Currently approximately 50% of women and 30% of men do not meet these targets(3). It is of public interest to analyse current patterns of intake to allow for improved strategy through awareness of factors that impact protein intake.To investigate the factors which determine an individual’s protein intake and how they can be used to predict daily intake.A secondary data analysis of longitudinal data collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2020 has been carried out(4). Data was accessed from the public domain on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. The study protocol received approval from the research ethics review board of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) of the CDC. Average protein intake has been calculated and participant demographics reported. STATA software has been used to carry out a bivariate regression of factors associated with protein intake, an adjusted multivariate regression analysis and a parsimonious model.19601 participants (52.4% women) aged 20 and over had valid protein data. Adjusted regression analysis generated three model fits, with the parsimonious model excluding BMI categories and household income had a statistically insignificant impact on protein intake. Men consumed 23.99g more protein per day compared to women (p<0.001: 95% CI 23.09 to 24.89). Individuals over 65 consumed 13.92g less protein per day compared to those aged 20-35 years old (p<0.001: 95% CI − 15.25 to −12.59). Mexican American individuals consumed 7.47g more protein than Non-Hispanic White individuals (p<0.001: 95% CI 5.89 to 9.04) and Non-Hispanic White individuals consumed 2.95g more protein compared to non-Hispanic Black individuals (p<0.001: 95% CI 4.13 to 1.77). Those with the lowest educational attainment consumed 10.77g less protein compared to individuals with a college degree (p<0.001: 95% CI −12.79 to −8.74). From 2011 to 2020, there was a gradual decline in protein intake which is statistically significant when comparing 2011/12 with 2015/16 and 2017/2020.Protein intake can be predicted by an individual’s gender, age, ethnicity, level of education attainment and time period. This study informs policymakers that individuals aged 65 and above are at risk of insufficient protein intake and there has been a general decrease in protein consumption over time. This provides evidence to support initiatives focused on this age category to maximise change and reduce rates of sarcopenia.
Can guided self-help improve the management of binge eating in adults type 2 diabetes? Results of the POSE-D study
Authors: Coales E. , Hill A. , Heywood-Everett S. , Rabbee J. , West R. , Mansfield M. , Grace C. , Beeton I. , Traviss-Turner G. 
Published: July 2024

People with type 2 diabetes are more likely to experience binge eating than the general population, which may interfere with their diabetes management. Guided Self-Help (GSH) is the recommended treatment for binge eating disorder (1), but there is currently a lack of evidenced treatment for binge eating in individuals living with type 2 diabetes.The aims of this pilot study were to test the feasibility and acceptability of recruiting and delivering a 12-week, online psychological GSH intervention which has been adapted in an earlier study to the needs of adults with T2 diabetes and binge eating (2).The intervention comprises GSH materials presented online in 7-sections delivered over 12-weeks, supported by a trained Guide. In total 22 participants were recruited in a case series design, through GP practices, NHS specialist weight management and diabetes services and via social media. Outcome measures were collected pre and post-intervention and at 12-week follow-up. The primary outcome was the Gormally Binge Eating Scale and secondary outcomes included eating disorder psychopathology, depression, anxiety, quality of life and HBA1C. Following the intervention, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 6 participants and 4 Guides. Data were analysed using a random intercept multi-level model.Results showed at baseline that 67% of the sample met the criteria for moderate to severe binge eating (cut-off (≤17). At post-intervention there was a statistically significant reduction in self- reported binge eating on the Gormally binge eating scale with a reduction in mean score moving from 26.8 to 14.2, (t= -4.181, p < 0.001) and only 9% meeting criteria for binge eating. There were also notable improvements in anxiety, depression and quality of life scores, but not eating disorder psychopathology.In the interviews both Guides and participants found the adapted online platform easy to use and the sessional support sufficient. They highlighted what a large commitment it was and therefore the importance of the Guide and working in ‘partnership’. The intervention appeared particularly suited to ‘stress eaters’, those experiencing ‘severe binge eating’ episodes and physical symptoms of diabetes. As a result of the intervention, participants reported ‘making broader lifestyle changes’, ‘improvements in their diabetes management’ and ‘confidence’. Guides found the training and supervision helpful but reflected on some ‘challenges with engagement’. On ending the intervention, participants requested ‘ongoing support’, such as an optional follow-up appointment and continued access to the materials.In conclusion, the study shows preliminary evidence for online GSH tailored to the needs of individuals with T2D as a promising approach to improving binge eating, diabetes management, mental wellbeing and quality of life, however effectiveness evidence is needed.
Subglacial Discharge Accelerates Dynamic Retreat of Aurora Subglacial Basin Outlet Glaciers, East Antarctica, Over the 21st Century
Authors: Pelle T. , Greenbaum J. S. , Ehrenfeucht S. , Dow C. F. , McCormack F. S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent studies have revealed the presence of a complex freshwater system underlying the Aurora Subglacial Basin (ASB), a region of East Antarctica that contains ∼7 m of global sea level potential in ice mainly grounded below sea level. However, the impact that subglacial freshwater has on driving the evolution of the dynamic outlet glaciers that drain this basin has yet to be tested in a coupled ice sheet‐subglacial hydrology numerical modeling framework. Here, we project the evolution of the primary outlet glaciers draining the ASB (Moscow University Ice Shelf, Totten, Vanderford, and Adams Glaciers) in response to an evolving subglacial hydrology system and to ocean forcing through 2100, following low and high CMIP6 emission scenarios. By 2100, ice‐hydrology feedbacks enhance the ASB's 2100 sea level contribution by ∼30% (7.50–9.80 mm) in high emission scenarios and accelerate the retreat of Totten Glacier's main ice stream by 25 years. Ice‐hydrology feedbacks are particularly influential in the retreat of the Vanderford and Adams Glaciers, driving an additional 10 km of retreat in fully coupled simulations relative to uncoupled simulations. Hydrology‐driven ice shelf melt enhancements are the primary cause of domain‐wide mass loss in low emission scenarios, but are secondary to ice sheet frictional feedbacks under high emission scenarios. The results presented here demonstrate that ice‐subglacial hydrology interactions can significantly accelerate retreat of dynamic Antarctic glaciers and that future Antarctic sea level assessments that do not take these interactions into account might be severely underestimating Antarctic Ice Sheet mass loss.
Gestational valproic acid exposure enhances facial stimulation-evoked cerebellar mossy fiber-granule cell transmission via GluN2A subunit-containing NMDA receptor in offspring mice
Authors: Yuan Yong-Xue , Liu Yang , Zhang Jing , Bing Yan-Hua , Chen Chao-Yue , Li Guang-Gao , Chu Chun-Ping , Yin Ming-Ji , Qiu De-Lai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractValproic acid (VPA) is one of the most effective antiepileptic drugs, and exposing animals to VPA during gestation has been used as a model for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Numerous studies have shown that impaired synaptic transmission in the cerebellar cortical circuits is one of the reasons for the social deficits and repetitive behavior seen in ASD. In this study, we investigated the effect of VPA exposure during pregnancy on tactile stimulation-evoked cerebellar mossy fiber-granule cell (MF-GC) synaptic transmission in mice anesthetized with urethane. Three-chamber testing showed that mice exposed to VPA mice exhibited a significant reduction in social interaction compared with the control group. In vivo electrophysiological recordings revealed that a pair of air-puff stimulation on ipsilateral whisker pad evoked MF-GC synaptic transmission, N1, and N2. The evoked MF-GC synaptic responses in VPA-exposed mice exhibited a significant increase in the area under the curve (AUC) of N1 and the amplitude and AUC of N2 compared with untreated mice. Cerebellar surface application of the selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker D-APV significantly inhibited facial stimulation-evoked MF-GC synaptic transmission. In the presence of D-APV, there were no significant differences between the AUC of N1 and the amplitude and AUC of N2 in the VPA-exposed mice and those of the untreated mice. Notably, blockade of the GluN2A subunit-containing, but not the GluN2B subunit-containing, NMDA receptor, significantly inhibited MF-GC synaptic transmission and decreased the AUC of N1 and the amplitude and AUC of N2 in VPA-exposed mice to levels similar to those seen in untreated mice. In addition, the GluN2A subunit-containing NMDA receptor was expressed at higher levels in the GC layer of VPA-treated mice than in control mice. These results indicate that gestational VPA exposure in mice produces ASD-like behaviors, accompanied by increased cerebellar MF-GC synaptic transmission and an increase in GluN2A subunit-containing NMDA receptor expression in the offspring.
Three SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants delivered intranasally by measles and mumps vaccines are broadly protective
Authors: Zhang Yuexiu , Chamblee Michelle , Xu Jiayu , Qu Panke , Shamseldin Mohamed M. , Yoo Sung J. , Misny Jack , Thongpan Ilada , KC Mahesh , Hall Jesse M. , Gupta Yash A. , Evans John P. , Lu Mijia , Ye Chengjin , Hsu Cheng Chih , Liang Xueya , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Yount Jacob S. , Boyaka Prosper N. , Liu Shan-Lu , Dubey Purnima , Peeples Mark E. , Li Jianrong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs the new SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants and subvariants emerge, there is an urgency to develop intranasal, broadly protective vaccines. Here, we developed highly efficacious, intranasal trivalent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates (TVC) based on three components of the MMR vaccine: measles virus (MeV), mumps virus (MuV) Jeryl Lynn (JL1) strain, and MuV JL2 strain. Specifically, MeV, MuV-JL1, and MuV-JL2 vaccine strains, each expressing prefusion spike (preS-6P) from a different variant of concern (VoC), were combined to generate TVCs. Intranasal immunization of IFNAR1−/− mice and female hamsters with TVCs generated high levels of S-specific serum IgG antibodies, broad neutralizing antibodies, and mucosal IgA antibodies as well as tissue-resident memory T cells in the lungs. The immunized female hamsters were protected from challenge with SARS-CoV-2 original WA1, B.1.617.2, and B.1.1.529 strains. The preexisting MeV and MuV immunity does not significantly interfere with the efficacy of TVC. Thus, the trivalent platform is a promising next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate.
Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and incident depression and anxiety
Authors: Lu Xujia , Wu Luying , Shao Liping , Fan Yulong , Pei Yalong , Lu Xinmei , Borné Yan , Ke Chaofu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigh-quality diets have been increasingly acknowledged as a promising candidate to counter the growing prevalence of mental health disorders. This study aims to investigate the prospective associations of adhering to the EAT-Lancet reference diet with incident depression, anxiety and their co-occurrence in 180,446 UK Biobank participants. Degrees of adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet were translated into three different diet scores. Over 11.62 years of follow-up, participants in the highest adherence group of the Knuppel EAT-Lancet index showed lower risks of depression (hazard ratio: 0.806, 95% CI: 0.730–0.890), anxiety (0.818, 0.751–0.892) and their co-occurrence (0.756, 0.624–0.914), compared to the lowest adherence group. The corresponding hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 0.711 (0.627–0.806), 0.765 (0.687–0.852) and 0.659 (0.516–0.841) for the Stubbendorff EAT-Lancet index, and 0.844 (0.768–0.928), 0.825 (0.759–0.896) and 0.818 (0.682–0.981) for the Kesse-Guyot EAT-Lancet diet index. Our findings suggest that higher adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with lower risks of incident depression, anxiety and their co-occurrence.
O-GlcNAcylation of MITF regulates its activity and CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhou Shuyan , Kai Yan , Zhang Ya-qin , Peng Changmin , Li Zhuqing , mughal Muhammad Jameel , Julie Belmar , Zheng Xiaoyan , Ma Junfeng , Ma Cynthia X. , Shen Min , Hall Matthew D. , Li Shunqiang , Zhu Wenge 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) play a pivotal role in cell cycle and cancer development. Targeting CDK4/6 has demonstrated promising effects against breast cancer. However, resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i), such as palbociclib, remains a substantial challenge in clinical settings. Using high-throughput combinatorial drug screening and genomic sequencing, we find that the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is activated via O-GlcNAcylation by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in palbociclib-resistant breast cancer cells and tumors. Mechanistically, O-GlcNAcylation of MITF at Serine 49 enhances its interaction with importin α/β, thus promoting its translocation to nuclei, where it suppresses palbociclib-induced senescence. Inhibition of MITF or its O-GlcNAcylation re-sensitizes resistant cells to palbociclib. Moreover, clinical studies confirm the activation of MITF in tumors from patients who are palbociclib-resistant or undergoing palbociclib treatment. Collectively, our studies shed light on the mechanism regulating palbociclib resistance and present clinical evidence for developing therapeutic approaches to treat CDK4/6i-resistant breast cancer patients.
DCAF15 control of cohesin dynamics sustains acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Grothusen Grant P. , Chang Renxu , Cao Zhendong , Zhou Nan , Mittal Monika , Datta Arindam , Wulfridge Phillip , Beer Thomas , Wang Baiyun , Zheng Ning , Tang Hsin-Yao , Sarma Kavitha , Greenberg Roger A. , Shi Junwei , Busino Luca 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe CRL4-DCAF15 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is targeted by the aryl-sulfonamide molecular glues, leading to neo-substrate recruitment, ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation. However, the physiological function of DCAF15 remains unknown. Using a domain-focused genetic screening approach, we reveal DCAF15 as an acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-biased dependency. Loss of DCAF15 results in suppression of AML through compromised replication fork integrity and consequent accumulation of DNA damage. Accordingly, DCAF15 loss sensitizes AML to replication stress-inducing therapeutics. Mechanistically, we discover that DCAF15 directly interacts with the SMC1A protein of the cohesin complex and destabilizes the cohesin regulatory factors PDS5A and CDCA5. Loss of PDS5A and CDCA5 removal precludes cohesin acetylation on chromatin, resulting in uncontrolled chromatin loop extrusion, defective DNA replication, and apoptosis. Collectively, our findings uncover an endogenous, cell autonomous function of DCAF15 in sustaining AML proliferation through post-translational control of cohesin dynamics.
A nanoscale photonic thermal transistor for sub-second heat flow switching
Authors: Lim Ju Won , Majumder Ayan , Mittapally Rohith , Gutierrez Audrey-Rose , Luan Yuxuan , Meyhofer Edgar , Reddy Pramod 
Published: July 2024

AbstractControl of heat flow is critical for thermal logic devices and thermal management and has been explored theoretically. However, experimental progress on active control of heat flow has been limited. Here, we describe a nanoscale radiative thermal transistor that comprises of a hot source and a cold drain (both are ~250 nm-thick silicon nitride membranes), which are analogous to the source and drain electrodes of a transistor. The source and drain are in close proximity to a vanadium oxide (VOx)-based planar gate electrode, whose dielectric properties can be adjusted by changing its temperature. We demonstrate that when the gate is located close ( < ~1 µm) to the source-drain device and undergoes a metal-insulator transition, the radiative heat transfer between the source and drain can be changed by a factor of three. More importantly, our nanomembrane-based thermal transistor features fast switching times ( ~ 500 ms as opposed to minutes for past three-terminal thermal transistors) due to its small thermal mass. Our experiments are supported by detailed calculations that highlight the mechanism of thermal modulation. We anticipate that the advances reported here will open new opportunities for designing thermal circuits or thermal logic devices for advanced thermal management.
Analyzing bifurcation, stability, and wave solutions in nonlinear telecommunications models using transmission lines, Hamiltonian and Jacobian techniques
Authors: Refaie Ali Ahmed , Roshid Harun Or , Islam Shariful , Khatun Asma 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive analysis of a nonlinear telecommunications model, exploring bifurcation, stability, and wave solutions using Hamiltonian and Jacobian techniques. The investigation begins with a thorough examination of bifurcation behavior, identifying critical points and their stability characteristics, leading to the discovery of diverse bifurcation scenarios. The stability of critical points is further assessed through graphical and numerical methods, highlighting the sensitivity to parameter variations. The study delves into the derivation of both numerical and analytical wave solutions, aligning them with energy orbits depicted in phase portraits, revealing a spectrum of wave behaviors. Additionally, the analysis extends to traveling wave solutions, providing insights into wave propagation dynamics. Notably, the study underscores the efficacy of the planar dynamical approach in capturing system behavior in harmony with phase portrait orbits. The findings have significant implications for telecommunications engineers and researchers, offering insights into system behavior, stability, and signal propagation, ultimately advancing our understanding of complex nonlinear dynamics in telecommunications networks.
Optimal design of graphene-based plasmonic enhanced photodetector using PSO
Authors: Molaei-Yeznabad Asghar , Abedi Kambiz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we report a graphene-based plasmonic photodetector optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and compatible with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The proposed photodetector structure is designed to minimize fabrication challenges and reduce production costs compared to more complex alternatives. Graphene has been used for its unique properties in the detection region, titanium nitride (TiN) as a CMOS-compatible metal, and both to aid in plasmonic excitation. Photodetectors have key parameters influenced by multiple independent variables. However, practical constraints prevent thorough adjustment of all variables to achieve optimal parameter values, often resulting in analysis based on several simplified models. Here we optimize these variables by presenting a new approach in the field of photodetectors using the capabilities of the PSO algorithm. As a result, for the proposed device at the wavelength of 1550 nm, the voltage responsivity is 210.6215 V/W, the current responsivity is 3.7213 A/W, the ultra-compressed length is less than 3$$\mu {\text{m}}$$

μ
m

, and the specific detectivity is 2.566×$${10}^{7}$$

10

7

Jones were obtained. Furthermore, the device in question works under the photothermoelectric effect (PTE) at zero bias and has zero dark current, which ultimately resulted in a very low noise equivalent power (NEP) of 4.5361 $${\text{pW}}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$$

pW
/

Hz

.