bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of neurite outgrowth mediated by localized phosphorylation of protein translational factor eEF2 in growth cones
Authors: Iketani Masumi , Iizuka Akira , Sengoku Kumiko , Kurihara Yuji , Nakamura Fumio , Sasaki Yukio , Sato Yasufumi , Yamane Masayuki , Matsushita Masayuki , Nairn Angus C. , Takamatsu Ken , Goshima Yoshio , Takei Kohtaro 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNerve growth cones contain mRNA and its translational machinery and thereby synthesize protein locally. The regulatory mechanisms in the growth cone, however, remain largely unknown. We previously found that the calcium entry‐induced increase of phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor‐2 (eEF2), a key component of mRNA translation, within growth cones showed growth arrest of neurites. Because dephosphorylated eEF2 and phosphorylated eEF2 are known to promote and inhibit mRNA translation, respectively, the data led to the hypothesis that eEF2‐mediating mRNA translation may regulate neurite outgrowth. Here, we validated the hypothesis by using a chromophore‐assisted light inactivation (CALI) technique to examine the roles of localized eEF2 and eEF2 kinase (EF2K), a specific calcium calmodulin‐dependent enzyme for eEF2 phosphorylation, in advancing growth cones of cultured chick dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The phosphorylated eEF2 was weakly distributed in advancing growth cones, whereas eEF2 phosphorylation was increased by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐evoked calcium transient through P2 purinoceptors in growth cones and resulted in growth arrest of neurites. The increase of eEF2 phosphorylation within growth cones by inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A known to dephosphorylate eEF2 also showed growth arrest of neurites. CALI of eEF2 within growth cones resulted in retardation of neurite outgrowth, whereas CALI of EF2K enhanced neurite outgrowth temporally. Moreover, CALI of EF2K abolished the ATP‐induced retardation of neurite outgrowth. These findings suggest that an eEF2 phosphorylation state localized to the growth cone regulates neurite outgrowth. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2013
Investigation of Cognitive Abilities Related to Reading and Spelling in Korean: Readers with High, Average, and Low Skill Levels
Authors: Park Hyun‐Rin , Uno Akira 
Published: September 2012

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of cognitive abilities as predictors of Korean reading and spelling ability, and the characteristics of the cognition of reading difficulty in Korean. In 103 Korean third‐grade children, we tested ability to read and spell, nonverbal intelligence, vocabulary size, phonological cognitive processing, visual cognitive processing, and naming speed. Our results indicated that receptive vocabulary, phoneme awareness, and naming speed served as factors for predicting reading test score; receptive vocabulary served as a factor for predicting spelling test score. We found that low reading‐level groups had significantly slower performance on the naming speed task and lower scores on the receptive vocabulary test, as compared with the other groups (average and high reading‐level groups). The present results have implications concerning useful tasks for screening for Korean poor readers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Messages

Receptive vocabulary, phoneme awareness, and naming speed were important factors in Hangul reading ability.
Receptive vocabulary was an important factor in Hangul writing ability.
The group with lower reading skill levels showed worse performance in terms of naming speed and receptive vocabulary.
Motivational interventions in the eating disorders: What is the evidence?
Authors: Knowles Lucy , Anokhina Alisa , Serpell Lucy 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground:Eating disorder treatments are plagued by poor engagement and high drop‐out. People who disengage from eating disorder treatment appear poorly motivated to change, and may benefit from adaptations of Motivational Interviewing (AMIs).Objective:To investigate whether the use of interventions specifically designed to enhance motivation in the eating disorders is supported empirically.Method:Literature was reviewed for relevant studies.Results:Eight studies have investigated the efficacy of AMIs. AMIs improve motivation to change bingeing and reduce actual bingeing behavior. There was little support for AMIs for compensatory or restrictive behaviors. There was mixed evidence that AMIs may improve motivation, but little to suggest they are more effective than other approaches.Discussion:The widespread interest in using motivational approaches in the eating disorders is not strongly supported by the literature. The current evidence base does not support the widespread dissemination of motivation‐enhancing interventions in the eating disorders. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
Sociocultural factors in the development of bulimia nervosa in a blind woman: A case report
Authors: Simeunovic Ostojic Mladena , Hansen Annemarie M.J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground:Although several cases of eating disorders in visually impaired women have been reported, there has been little research on the development of body image and disordered eating in the blind. Overall, it is argued that blind women are protected from developing body dissatisfaction because of having had little or no exposure to thin‐ideal images, and that if they do develop an eating disorder, this would be linked to other risk factors. In the one reported case of bulimia nervosa in a blind woman, body image concerns were even absent.Method:We report a single case of bulimia nervosa in a 28‐year‐old congenitally blind woman whose presentation was typical, including body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness.Discussion:The present case underscores the need to also consider an etiological role of perceived sociocultural pressure and thin‐ideal internalization in promoting body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in visually impaired women. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
The effect of atypical antipsychotic medications in individuals with anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lebow Jocelyn , Sim Leslie A. , Erwin Patricia J. , Murad M. Hassan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective:Given that atypical antipsychotic medications have been increasingly prescribed for improving weight gain in anorexia nervosa (AN), we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analyses to estimate the influence of atypical antipsychotics on BMI, eating disorder, and psychiatric symptoms in individuals with AN.Method:Independent reviewers selected studies and extracted study characteristics, methodologic quality, and outcomes for the intention‐to‐treat group from randomized clinical trials comparing the effect of atypical antipsychotic use to placebo or an active control treatment on BMI.Results:Compared with placebo, atypical antipsychotics were associated with a nonsignificant increase in BMI (weighted mean difference, WMD = 0.18, 95% CI: −0.36, 0.72; I2 = 26%) and a nonsignificant effect on the drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. Compared with placebo or active control, these medications led to an increase in anxiety and overall eating disorder symptoms. However, there was a significant reduction over placebo or active control on level of depression. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
Small‐scale resource tracking in a population of a long‐lived insect
Authors: Widenfalk Olof , Solbreck Christer , Bergeå Hanna L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHow plant‐feeding insects distribute themselves and utilize their host plant resources is still poorly understood. Several processes may be involved, and their relative roles may vary with the spatial scale considered. Herein, we investigate small‐scale patterns, namely how population density of a gall midge is affected by individual growth form, phenology, and microsite characteristics of its herb host. The long‐lived plant individuals vary much with regard to number of shoots, flower abundance, and flowering phenology. This variation is connected to site characteristics, primarily the degree of sun exposure. The monophagous insect galls the flowers of the host plant – an easily defined food resource. It is a poor disperser, but very long‐lived; diapausing larvae can stay in the soil for many years. Galls were censused on individual plants during 5 years; from a peak to a low in gall population density. Only a very small fraction of the flowers produced (<0.5%) were galled even in the peak year. Nevertheless, most plant individuals had galls at least 1 year. In a stepwise multiple regression, plant size (number of shoots) was found to be the most important predictor of gall density (galls/flower). However, gall density decreased more than one order of magnitude over the plant size range observed. There was also a weak effect of plant phenology. Early flowering plants had lower gall densities than those starting later. Sun exposure had no direct effect on gall density, but a path analysis revealed indirect effects via the timing of flowering. Gall population change was highly synchronous in different parts of the study area with no significant decrease in synchrony with distance.
The in vivo estrogenic and in vitro anti‐estrogenic activity of permethrin and bifenthrin
Authors: Brander Susanne M. , He Guochun , Smalling Kelly L. , Denison Michael S. , Cherr Gary N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPyrethroids are highly toxic to fish at parts per billion or parts per trillion concentrations. Their intended mechanism is prolonged sodium channel opening, but recent studies reveal that pyrethroids such as permethrin and bifenthrin also have endocrine activity. Additionally, metabolites may have greater endocrine activity than parent compounds. The authors evaluated the in vivo concentration‐dependent ability of bifenthrin and permethrin to induce choriogenin (an estrogen‐responsive protein) in Menidia beryllina, a fish species known to reside in pyrethroid‐contaminated aquatic habitats. The authors then compared the in vivo response with an in vitro assay—chemical activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX). Juvenile M. beryllina exposed to bifenthrin (1, 10, 100 ng/L), permethrin (0.1, 1, 10 µg/L), and ethinylestradiol (1, 10, 50 ng/L) had significantly higher ng/mL choriogenin (Chg) measured in whole body homogenate than controls. Though Chg expression in fish exposed to ethinylestradiol (EE2) exhibited a traditional sigmoidal concentration response, curves fit to Chg expressed in fish exposed to pyrethroids suggest a unimodal response, decreasing slightly as concentration increases. Whereas the in vivo response indicated that bifenthrin and permethrin or their metabolites act as estrogen agonists, the CALUX assay demonstrated estrogen antagonism by the pyrethroids. The results, supported by evidence from previous studies, suggest that bifenthrin and permethrin, or their metabolites, appear to act as estrogen receptor (ER) agonists in vivo, and that the unmetabolized pyrethroids, particularly bifenthrin, act as an ER antagonists in cultured mammalian cells. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2848–2855. © 2012 SETAC
Slope limiting for discontinuous Galerkin approximations with a possibly non‐orthogonal Taylor basis
Authors: Kuzmin Dmitri 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThe use of high‐order polynomials in discontinuous Galerkin (DG) approximations to convection‐dominated transport problems tends to cause a violation of the maximum principle in regions where the derivatives of the solution are large. In this paper, we express the DG solution in terms of Taylor basis functions associated with the cell average and derivatives at the center of the cell. To control the (derivatives of the) discontinuous solution, the values at the vertices of each element are required to be bounded by the means. This constraint is enforced using a hierarchical vertex‐based slope limiter to constrain the coefficients of the Taylor polynomial in a conservative manner starting with the highest‐order terms. The loss of accuracy at smooth extrema is avoided by taking the maximum of the correction factors for derivatives of order p and higher. No free parameters, oscillation detectors, or troubled cell markers are involved. In the case of a non‐orthogonal Taylor basis, the same limiter is applied to the vector of discretized time derivatives before the multiplication by the off‐diagonal part of the consistent mass matrix. This strategy leads to a remarkable gain of accuracy, especially in the case of simplex meshes. A numerical study is performed for a 2D convection equation discretized with linear and quadratic finite elements. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: A case report and review
Authors: Shrestha Merica , Sridhara Shankar K. , Leo Leonard J. , Coppit George L. , Ehrhardt Nicole M. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundPrimary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the thyroid gland is a rare malignancy that presents with advanced disease and poor prognosis.MethodsA 75‐year‐old woman with a history of Hashimoto thyroiditis presented with 6 months of dysphagia and stridor. Imaging revealed a thyroid mass invading the larynx. Primary SCC of the thyroid was diagnosed by histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation. Total thyroidectomy, total laryngectomy, bilateral modified neck dissection, and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) were performed. Radiologic follow‐up at 21 months demonstrated no disease and total length of survival was 31 months.ResultsDespite an aggressive T4aN0M0 tumor, survival in this case was more than double the median survival rate previously reported. Concomitant Hashimoto thyroiditis is rare and histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation is imperative for an accurate diagnosis.ConclusionThe case and literature reported here support that a thorough diagnostic workup of primary SCC of the thyroid with aggressive locoregional surgery and adjuvant RT may improve the length of survival. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.† Head Neck 35: E299–E303, 2013
Reconstruction and analysis of the Po River inundation of 1951
Authors: Masoero Alessandro , Claps Pierluigi , Asselman Nathalie E. M. , Mosselman Erik , Di Baldassarre Giuliano 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFlood inundation models have become essential tools in flood risk management, being used also in the analysis of historical flood events, which is often needed for a reliable assessment of the potential flood hazard. This study aims at reconstructing the 1951 inundation of the Polesine Region, Italy. The 1951 flooding was a mayor natural catastrophe that caused a large inundated area (1080 km2) and produced devastating social consequences. The reconstruction of the 1951 hydraulic conditions is based on partial knowledge of discharges and water stages at the Pontelagoscuro gauging station (downstream of the 1951 levee breach) using extrapolation of the rating curves beyond the measurement range. This is, even today, something open to uncertainty. We applied a decoupled hybrid approach to the hydraulic modeling: a 1D model is used to simulate the flow into the river and to compute the flow through the levee breach; this result is then adopted as the inflow condition for a 2D model application on the inundated area. A good agreement between the patterns of the observed and reconstructed inundation areas was found, and the timing of the inundation was also found to be close to the information derived from the historical chronicles. The results of the flood inundation modelling exercise provide two practical insight: (i) obstacles in the floodplains increased the flooded area by 40% and prolonged the time to reach the sea from 5 to 15 days, (ii) the peak discharge of the event was overestimated by up to 20%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brush border myosin Ia inactivation in gastric but not endometrial tumors
Authors: Mazzolini Rocco , Rodrigues Paulo , Bazzocco Sarah , Dopeso Higinio , Ferreira Ana M. , Mateo‐Lozano Silvia , Andretta Elena , Woerner Stefan M. , Alazzouzi Hafid , Landolfi Stefania , Hernandez‐Losa Javier , Macaya Irati , Suzuki Hiromu , Ramón y Cajal Santiago , Mooseker Mark S. , Mariadason John M. , Gebert Johannes , Hofstra Robert M.W. , Reventós Jaume , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Schwartz Simo , Arango Diego 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBrush border Myosin Ia (MYO1A) has been shown to be frequently mutated in colorectal tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI) and to have tumor suppressor activity in intestinal tumors. Here, we investigated the frequency of frameshift mutations in the A8 microsatellite in exon 28 of MYO1A in MSI gastric and endometrial tumors and found a high mutation rate in gastric (22/47; 46.8%) but not endometrial (3/48; 6.2%) tumors. Using a regression model, we show that MYO1A mutations are likely to confer a growth advantage to gastric, but not endometrial tumors. The mutant MYO1A7A protein was shown to lose its membrane localization in gastric cancer cells and a cycloheximide‐chase assay demonstrated that the mutant MYO1A7A protein has reduced stability compared to the wild type MYO1A. Frequent MYO1A promoter hypermethylation was also found in gastric tumors. Promoter methylation negatively correlates with MYO1A mRNA expression in a series of 58 non‐MSI gastric primary tumors (Pearson's r = −0.46; p = 0.0003) but not in a cohort of 54 non‐MSI endometrial tumors and treatment of gastric cancer cells showing high MYO1A promoter methylation with the demethylating agent 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine, resulted in a significant increase of MYO1A mRNA levels. We found that normal gastric epithelial cells, but not normal endometrial cells, express high levels of MYO1A. Therefore, when considered together, our findings suggest that MYO1A has tumor suppressor activity in the normal gastric epithelium but not in the normal endometrium and inactivation of MYO1A either genetically or epigenetically may confer gastric epithelial cells a growth advantage.
Unbiased estimates of long‐term net survival of solid cancers in France
Authors: Jooste Valérie , Grosclaude Pascale , Remontet Laurent , Launoy Guy , Baldi Isabelle , Molinié Florence , Arveux Patrick , Bossard Nadine , Bouvier Anne‐Marie , Colonna Marc ,   the French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM)
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn cancer studies, net survival (observed if cancer was the only cause of death) is a useful indicator but survival estimation at 5 years is insufficient for planning healthcare needs. We estimated the net survivals at 5 and 10 years in a cohort of 387,961 patients who had solid tumors between 1989 and 2004 and were followed‐up until January 1, 2008. The cases were actively followed‐up. Net survival was estimated with the unbiased Pohar‐Perme method. The standardized net survival used the international cancer survival standard weights. In men, the standardized net survivals ranged from 92% at 5 years and 89% at 10 years (testis) to 6% at 5 years and 5% at 10 years (pancreas). In women, it ranged from 91% at 5 years and 88% at 10 years (thyroid) to 10% at 5 years and 7% at 10 years (pancreas). The most frequent cancers had the highest net survivals: 84% at 5 years and 71% at 10 years for prostate and 84% at 5 years and 74% at 10 years for breast cancer. Advanced age was associated with poorer prognosis. In most cancers, the net survivals at 5 and 10 years increased over periods of diagnosis. Net cancer survival is unaffected by mortalities due to other causes. It is the only indicator suitable for comparisons between countries or periods of diagnosis within a given country. The 10‐year net survival confirmed the persistent unfavorable role of age in prognosis and the general improvement of cancer management over the last decade.
γ‐Secretase inhibitor I induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by proteasome inhibition, endoplasmic reticulum stress increase and notch down‐regulation
Authors: Rosati Emanuela , Sabatini Rita , De Falco Filomena , Del Papa Beatrice , Falzetti Franca , Di Ianni Mauro , Cavalli Laura , Fettucciari Katia , Bartoli Andrea , Screpanti Isabella , Marconi Pierfrancesco 
Published: September 2012

Abstractγ‐Secretase inhibitors (GSIs) have been proposed for combined therapies of malignancies with a dysregulated Notch signaling. GSI I (Z‐Leu‐Leu‐Nle‐CHO) induces apoptosis of some tumor cells by inhibiting proteasome and Notch activity. Alterations in these two cell survival regulators contribute to apoptosis resistance of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Here, we investigated the mechanisms whereby GSI I increases apoptosis of primary CLL cells. Time‐course studies indicate that initial apoptotic events are inhibition of proteasome activity, concomitant with an increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress apoptotic signaling, and a consistent Noxa protein up‐regulation. These events precede, and some of them contribute to, mitochondrial alterations, which occur notwithstanding Mcl‐1 accumulation induced by GSI I. In CLL cells, GSI I inhibits Notch1 and Notch2 activation only in the late apoptotic phases, suggesting that this event does not initiate CLL cell apoptosis. However, Notch inhibition may contribute to amplify GSI I‐induced CLL cell apoptosis, given that Notch activation sustains the survival of these cells, as demonstrated by the evidence that both Notch1 and Notch2 down‐regulation by small‐interfering RNA accelerates spontaneous CLL cell apoptosis. Overall, our results show that GSI I triggers CLL cell apoptosis by inhibiting proteasome activity and enhancing ER stress, and amplifies it by blocking Notch activation. These findings suggest the potential relevance of simultaneously targeting these three important apoptosis regulators as a novel therapeutic strategy for CLL.
High protein adsorptive capacity of amino acid‐functionalized hydroxyapatite
Authors: Lee Wing‐Hin , Loo Ching‐Yee , Zavgorodniy Alexander V. , Rohanizadeh Ramin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCharged functional groups present on the surface of biomaterials play an important role to regulate the affinity and attachment of macromolecules, including proteins, on the surface of biomaterials. In this study, the protein adsorptive capacity of hydroxyapatite (HA) was regulated by introducing different amino acids during the precipitation of HA. After incubation of HA samples in 5000 μg/mL lysozyme solution at pH 7.4 for 24 h, unmodified HA adsorbed 0.886 mg/m2 of lysozyme while amino acid‐functionalized HA (AA‐HA) particles demonstrated higher adsorption capacity ranging from 1.090 to 1.680 mg/m2. Incorporation of amino acids with longer side chain lengths decreased the crystallinity and increased the negative value of the surface charge of HA particles. The specific surface areas were significantly increased in the presence of amino acids. Protein loading capacity onto AA‐HA was further enhanced by regulating the pH of working solution whereby the protein adsorption rate increased with decreasing the pH, while reverse trend obtained in unmodified HA. The study demonstrated that the amount of adsorbed lysozyme onto AA‐HA particles was correlated with the particles' surface charges. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 873–883, 2013.